bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing Exit Poll Outcomes and Their Accuracy Across Indian State Assembly Elections Through Descriptive Statistics
Authors: Lobow Nathan Marcus
Published: December 2024

The period between polling and the final count of votes is one of the most suspenseful phenomena. Parties eagerly await results after months of campaigning and canvassing for votes. During this period, one often comes across news publications predicting the final results and seat tallies of the election through various surveys conducted by their survey teams on a sample of the electoral population. These surveys are published as exit polls, aiming to give the public and parties an idea of what the end outcomes of elections would look like. Historically, there are multiple examples of the exit polls getting it wrong. Who could forget the great headline of ‘Dewey defeats Truman’ published in the Chicago Daily Tribune in 1948? Even in the Indian general elections of 2004 and 2014, exit poll predictions failed to gauge the direction of public support. This research study investigates a specific period of exit polls and uses descriptive statistics to decode the accuracy of these polls in predicting the final outcomes of elections and the seat projections. Using the elections from the beginning of 2020 till the end of 2022, this study analyses all the State Assembly elections held in this time frame, by comparing the exit polls forecast by four different agencies (Poll of Polls, C-Voter, AXIS and Politique Marquer) in each of those elections and analysing them with the final results of the election by testing the accuracy of these polls through the means of descriptive statistics.
Trends of Brain Stimulation Research in Substance Use Disorder: A Review of ClinicalTrials.gov Registered Trials and Their Publications
Authors: Biswas Tathagata , Singh Gaurav Kumar , Mishra Pritiman , Mishra Biswa Ranjan , Parmar Arpit
Published: December 2024

Purpose of the Review:

Brain stimulation techniques targeting neuronal pathways are evolving as a novel therapeutic option for substance use disorders. This study aims to provide an overview of the current research landscape on brain stimulation in addiction psychiatry by analyzing data from ClinicalTrials.gov. It intends to describe the global trends in these trials, highlight the findings reported in their publications, and identify the gaps and challenges to guide future research and clinical practice.

Collection and Analysis of Data:

The ClinicalTrials.gov was searched on March 1, 2024, using every possible paired combination of different brain stimulation techniques (including transcranial magnetic stimulation/TMS, transcranial direct-current stimulation/tDCS, deep brain stimulation/DBS, and vagal nerve stimulation/VNS) and psychoactive substances. A total of 163 human trials were identified, and their details were extracted into a datasheet. Completed and terminated studies were searched separately for publication data. The extracted data were then analyzed using suitable descriptive statistics.

Conclusion:

Most research involved TMS, tDCS, and DBS and focused on alcohol, stimulants, opioids, nicotine, and cannabis. No studies addressed sedatives, hypnotics, hallucinogens, psychedelics, and solvents. Wide variations in modulation protocols and neuroanatomical targets reflect the current lack of guidelines or consensus. Incompleteness and updating delays in the study registry raise concerns regarding registration protocols. The published trials report beneficial effects of TMS in nicotine, stimulant, and cannabis users, TMS in alcohol users, and VNS in opioid users.
Combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in bread: Delayed effect on metabolic disorders during long-term unbalanced diet in an in vivo experiment
Authors: Zharkova Irina M , Grebenshchikov Andrey V , Efremov Dmitriy P , Maksimov Sergey A , Eliashevich Sofya O , Orekhova Anastasia V , Kiselev Anton R
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of study was to evaluate the biological effects occurring in the animal body in conditions of a regular consumption of bread with a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in its composition.

Methods

The animals (Soviet Chinchilla breed) were randomly distributed between six groups. Group 1 is intact animals. The food of Group 2 (control) included traditional bread. Animals of experimental groups were fed as follows: bread, in which 75% of water were replaced with clarified tomato juice (Group 3); bread with the addition of 20% of flaxseed, soaked beforehand in clarified tomato juice (Group 4); bread similar to Group 4, but juice with dissolved flaxseed hydrocolloids was used during dough kneading (Group 5); bread similar to Group 4, but instead of juice, drinking water was used (Group 6). We studied blood biochemistry. After 6 months, we took liver samples and identified the ratio of muscle, fat, bone, and connective tissues.

Results

We established that the introduction of clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe yielded a decrease in cholesterol and creatinine levels ( p = .029 and p = .031, respectively), while the addition of flaxseed soaked in water can promote the activation of protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via reducing the levels of bilirubin ( p = .040) and transaminases ( p = .013) in the blood of experimental animals.

Conclusion

The introduction of a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe in conjunction with its daily consumption contributed to the manifestation of protective effects for the liver of rabbits.
Surface/Interface behaviour of atmospheric plasma sprayed NiTi alloy on stainless steel with the variation of critical plasma spray parameter
Authors: Roshan Rakesh , Patel Swadhin Kumar , Mallick Priyabrata , Behera Ajit
Published: December 2024

NiTi equiatomic composition is used in atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) machine to coat the stainless steel substrate. APS was conducted with varying critical plasma spraying parameters (CPSP) using NiTi powder as a coating element. After coating, the surface and interface morphology were characterised by XRD, SEM, and hardness tester. Higher CPSP yields better surface morphology. Surface roughness and porosity percentage decrease, and hardness increases from (455–844) Vickers hardness number with CPSP. The residual stress varies from 73 ± 1.1 MPa to −95 ± 1.9 MPa which shows the stress conversion of coating from tensile to compressive with an increase in CPSP. Coating failure occurs as a combined result of adhesion, cohesion and glue joint failure. At 865 CPSP, coating shows highest adhesion strength 42.13 MPa.
‘Love is not tourism’: Navigating immobility through (migrant) resistance
Authors: Zelenskaia Alena
Published: December 2024

Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, border restrictions intensified, profoundly impacting binational couples and leading to the emergence of the ‘Love is not tourism’ movement. This initiative of 2020–2021, mainly mobilized through digital platforms like the Twitter and Facebook, emphasized the universal human right to love and in several European countries succeeded in gaining the right for unmarried third-country nationals to reunite with their European partners. Drawing from academic frameworks on regimes of mobility, imaginaries, and Maurice Stierl’s ‘resistance as a method’ approach, the article argues that the ‘tourism’ label is a tool for exerting control over undefined categories of migrants, like unmarried partners. Initially developed within political sociology, the notion of resistance seems useful for anthropological research, aiding in the unravelling of cultural imaginaries behind border constraints and their navigation. The explored movement, while challenging traditional conceptions of family and relationships, underscored the evolving interplay of migration, personal ties, and state policy. With a combination of online narratives, interviews, and first-hand participation as primary data, the study also reveals how collective activism further brought transformations surrounding intimate mobility in Europe.
Predictors of Retention in the 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC) Over Two Waves
Authors: Burke Shanna L. , Barker Warren , Grudzien Adrienne , Greig-Custo Maria T. , Behar Raquel , Rodriguez Rosemarie A. , Rosselli Monica , Velez Uribe Idaly , Loewenstein David A. , Rodriguez Miriam J. , Chirinos Cesar , Quinonez Carlos , Gonzalez Joanna , Pineiro Yaimara Gonzalez , Herrera Mileidys , Adjouadi Malek , Marsiske Michael , Duara Ranjan
Published: December 2024

Background: Attrition is a significant methodological concern in longitudinal studies. Sample loss can limit generalizability and compromise internal validity. Methods: Wave one ( n = 346) and wave two follow-ups ( n = 196) of the 1Florida ADRC clinical core were examined using a 24-month visit window. Results: The sample (59% Hispanic) demonstrated retention rates of 77.2% and 86.2% in waves one and two, respectively. Predictors of lower retention in wave one included older age, amnestic MCI or dementia, and lower cognition and function scores. Completing a baseline MRI and lack of hippocampal atrophy were associated with higher retention in both waves. In wave two, a greater neighborhood disadvantage score was associated with attrition. Discussion: Predictors of retention changed over time, possibly due to the early withdrawal of the most vulnerable in the initial wave. Understanding predictors of retention can facilitate retention strategies, reduce attrition, and increase the validity of findings.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the physicochemical characteristics of low sodium mortadella containing a high level of mechanically deboned poultry chicken meat
Authors: Nacimento Renata do , Vidal Vitor Andre Silva , de Souza Paglarini Camila , Domínguez Rubén , Lorenzo José M. , Barros Julliane Carvalho , Cristianini Marcelo , Pollonio Marise Aparecida Rodrigues
Published: December 2024

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an emerging technology that can be applied to improve the functional properties of emulsified meat products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HHP (100 and 200 MPa) on low-sodium mortadella produced with high content of mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM). Seven treatments were produced: FC (2.5% NaCl - control 1), F1-C (1.25% NaCl - control 2), F1-100 (1.25% NaCl and 100 MPa), F1-200 (1.25% NaCl and 200 MPa), F2-C (1.25% NaCl, 1.60% KCl), F2-100 (1.25% NaCl, 1.60% KCl, 100 MPa), and F2-200 (1.25% NaCl, 1.60% KCl, 200 MPa). Proximate composition, sodium content, emulsion stability, extraction yield of myofibrillar proteins, instrumental color, texture profile, and microstructure of the samples were evaluated. Pressurization and salt reduction did not affect chemical composition (moisture, fat and protein) of the samples, while HHP increased protein extraction, forming a more compact, homogeneous and better distributed gel, improving emulsion stability and increasing mortadella hardness. Therefore, this technique could effectively compensate the deterioration in the protein gel matrix caused by salt reduction. Studies are necessary to investigate the effects of HPP on sensory properties and lipid oxidation of mortadella.
A Case of MIRAGE Syndrome with SAMD9 Mutation and Refractory Infantile Diarrhea: Endoscopic Biopsy Evaluation via Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Bove Kevin Emil , Lopez-Nunez Oscar , Bedrnicek Jiri , Huang Andrew , Freestone David , Birge Nicole , Kumar Sandeep
Published: December 2024

An infant with intrauterine growth restriction, suspected of having MIRAGE syndrome based on prenatal ultrasound, presented with genital ambiguity, adrenal insufficiency, intractable diarrhea from birth, and a pathogenic SAMD9 mutation ( c.1376G>A, p.R459Q). Endoscopic biopsies of the duodenum revealed complex light and electron microscopic abnormalities. Hypoplastic villi without signs of enteritis suggests a disorder of mucosal growth with reduced absorptive surface area contributes to intractable diarrhea. Ultrastructural study showed prominent dilated endoplasmic reticulum, abnormalities of Golgi morphology, specialized granule, and mucin processing. We hypothesize that the SAMD9 mutation alters mucosal growth, and the processing of mucin, Paneth and neurosecretory granules, with premature degradation of specific granules in enterocyte lysosomes. These distinctive morphological findings support the idea that multisystem manifestations of MIRAGE syndrome are due to a primary disorder of microsomal trafficking.
Application of precast reinforced concrete fuse units as energy dissipation units in various self-centering precast bridge pier systems
Authors: Moussa Amr MA , Fahmy Mohamed FM , Wang Xin , Wu Zhishen
Published: December 2024

This study proposes the implementation of scaled modular reinforced concrete (RC) units as replaceable energy dissipation (ED) elements in various RC self-centering (SC) precast bridge pier (PBP) systems. Regarding the resistance mechanism of RC ED units, two types can be integrated with the main SC system: modular RC units that dissipate energy through the well-known plastic hinge mechanism, and hybrid modular precast SC units that dissipate energy through the yielding of mild steel reinforcement. Using commercial finite element (FE) software, three-dimensional (3D) FE models for different PBP systems (single-column, double-column, and wall PBP systems) were developed and examined under lateral cyclic loading. Various potentially influential design parameters were carefully studied. The studied cases successfully demonstrated that the proposed system introduces a novel, cost-effective damage-control system, which provides customizable ED capabilities, offers additional designable lateral resistance, and ensures rapid repair without compromising the functionality of the main SC structural system. Furthermore, in accordance with the design codes/guidelines for concrete structures exposed to earthquakes, the components defined as ED units can achieve the predefined seismic response without compromising the seismic performance or SC capacity of the main system.
The harmonic modulation bispectrum: a modulated vibration signal analysis method for compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes
Authors: Yang Miaorui , Zhang Kun , Xu Yonggang , Hu Aijun , Gu Fengshou
Published: December 2024

In the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on vibration signal, the fault feature information often exists in the complex modulation components of the signal. Using demodulation technology to extract the feature information in the signal is the basis for fault diagnosis. In this article, a modulation information detection technology called harmonic modulation bispectrum (HMB) is proposed after considering the multiple coupling relationship between the frequencies in the modulated signal. HMB can extract effective information from complex modulation signal and reduce noise interference in signal. At the same time, a diagnosis strategy suitable for the gearbox compound fault is developed based on HMB. The third-order Renyi entropy is used to realize the adaptive setting of the parameters in HMB, and the marginal spectrum trends of the HMB are calculated by combining the idea of scale space. In addition, combined with the harmonic spectral kurtosis, the effective information of each frequency band in HMBgram is evaluated quantitatively. The frequency band with the most abundant effective information is located, from which the fault feature information is extracted to realize the fault diagnosis finally. The diagnostic effectiveness of this method has been confirmed through simulation and experimental signals, and the superiority of this method has been demonstrated by comparing with other methods.
Development and validation of a broadly applicable instrument to measure patients’ health promotion and empowerment process in chronic disease
Authors: Heggdal Kristin , Thompson Kisha , Stepanian Natalie , de Jacq Krystyna , Frederickson Keville
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to develop and validate a generic, non-disease-specific, self-assessment measure that recognizes patients’ health capacities and their empowering process of health promotion in chronic illness by using Bodyknowledging as the theoretical frame.

Methods

Item generation and expert content validity analysis were the first steps in instrument development. Potential items were then validated in focus group interviews with six patients diagnosed with various chronic diseases. The research team reviewed the resulting items and undertook item reduction. A sample of adults (n = 357) with chronic disease surveyed the instrument items. Exploratory factor analysis with Oblimin rotation was conducted.

Results

A 3-factor solution was identified: nine items on the regaining health and wellness subscale, seven items on the uncertainty and bereavement subscale, and eight items on the loss of control and distancing subscale. Cronbach alpha for the scale was .92. The final 24-item instrument is non-disease-specific and broadly applicable for use in health promotion within the context of chronic disease. The instrument demonstrates high internal consistency reliability with initial face and construct validity.

Discussion

The new instrument has the potential for measuring patients’ empowering process of health promotion in chronic disease and the outcomes of person-centered interventions and may guide clinicians in tailoring individual support.
Torrential Twitter? Measuring the Severity of Harassment When Canadian Female Politicians Tweet About Climate Change
Authors: Angelis Inessa De
Published: December 2024

The online harassment of female politicians who focus on climate change and environmental policy has become a major problem in Canada and other democratic nations. Despite growing awareness of the problem, there is little agreement among scholars on how to measure these nuanced forms of harassment. This study develops an original seven-point scale to measure the severity of harassment three Canadian female politicians receive when Tweeting about climate change and a six-point schema to categorize the types of accounts behind the replies. My results reveal that 86% of replies contained some form of harassment, most often name-calling or questioning the authority of the female politicians, and come from users with spam or anonymous accounts. Further results from my Bayesian hierarchical model suggest that despite differences in status and political affiliation across the three politicians, they are almost equally impacted by harassment when Tweeting about climate change. These findings contribute to understanding the intersection between climate change denialism and the gendered nature of online harassment. This article contains language and themes that some readers may find offensive.
Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Business: A Review
Authors: Goel Anushka , Raut Geeta , Sharma Asmita , Taneja Udita
Published: December 2024

Over recent years, there has been a significant increase in research exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence in different business contexts. These intelligent machines can solve complex problems and are fast emerging in the business ecosystem. This study aims to explore the current literature on the sustainability of artificial Intelligence in the service context. In this regard, this study consolidates the extant literature, maps sustainable AI’s performance and intellectual framework, and addresses the extant gap. A corpus of 87 articles was identified using SPAR-4-SLR and was reviewed in-depth through bibliometric and thematic analysis. This study then reveals this arena’s major theories, trends and themes. This study also explores prospective research avenues, offering valuable insights for scholars investigating this subject matter.
Optimizing Reduction Guide Stability in Osteotomy Using Patient-Specific Instrumentation: A Basic Guideline
Authors: Meisterhans Michel , Zindel Christoph , Sigrist Bastian , Fucentese Sandro F. , Vlachopoulos Lazaros
Published: December 2024

Background:

The use of patient-specific instruments (PSIs) for osteotomies is becoming more popular in orthopaedic surgery for correcting mechanical axis and posttraumatic deformities. However, the PSI reduction guides have great potential for intraoperative deformation, which adversely affects the accuracy of the procedure.

Purpose:

To conduct a finite element analysis (FEA) to analyze different design parameters to improve the intraoperative stability of the reduction guides.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A reduction guide with a rectangular cross section and four 4-mm K-wire slots was simplified, and the following parameters were modified: width, height, profile design, K-wire thickness, and positions. Bending and torsional moments were applied to the guide construct and guide deformation and equivalent stress were determined using FEA.

Results:

Increasing the profile height by 25% resulted in a 44% reduction in guide deformation for bending (37% for torsion). A 25% increase in profile width led to an 18% deformation reduction for bending (22% for torsion). Transverse K-wire slots resulted in 51% less deformation in torsion compared with longitudinally oriented slots. Placing the central K-wire slots 25% closer to the osteotomy reduced guide deformation by 20% for bending and 11% for torsion.

Conclusion:

The most effective methods to increase reduction guide stability are to increase the guide height and reduce the central K-wire distance to the osteotomy.

Clinical Relevance:

When performing opening or closing wedge osteotomies, which mainly involve bending of the guide, a high-profile guide and longitudinally oriented K-wire slots should be used. When torque is expected as in rotational osteotomies, the K-wire holes in guides should be oriented transversely to reduce intraoperative deformation.
Lung volume reduction: surgeryversusendobronchial valves
Authors: Ceulemans Laurens J. , Esendagli Dorina , Cardillo Giuseppe , Migliore Marcello
Published: December 2024

Volume reduction is a disease-modifying treatment that aims to reshape the diseased lung towards a more normal total lung capacity by removing severely damaged and overinflated lung parenchyma. It is an effective therapeutic strategy in well-selected patients, resulting in improvements in exercise tolerance, lung function, quality of life and survival. The most widespread strategies for volume reduction are either video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or bronchoscopic lung volume reduction. It is crucial to decide which approach would be more suitable for specific patients, as this is related to the outcome of the procedure. Factors like emphysema distribution on computed tomography, the presence or absence of collateral ventilation, the patient’s pulmonary function tests, a history of other comorbidities and previous interventions might all influence the choice of procedure. It is crucial that this decision is taken by a multidisciplinary expert team to have the best outcome and fewer complications.
Prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation: who, what, when and how?
Authors: Shah Neeraj M. , Hart Nicholas , Kaltsakas Georgios
Published: December 2024

Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation is an important part of the management of respiratory failure patients. Patients can be classified into those who wean on the first attempt (simple weaning), those who require up to three attempts (difficult weaning) and those who require more than three attempts (prolonged weaning). The process of weaning includes adequately treating the underlying cause of respiratory failure, assessing the readiness to wean, evaluating the response to a reduction in ventilatory support, and eventually liberation from mechanical ventilation and extubation or decannulation. Post-extubation respiratory failure is a contributor to poorer outcomes. Identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors for post-extubation respiratory failure is important; noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannulae may be useful bridging aids after extubation. Factors to consider in the pathophysiology of prolonged mechanical ventilation include increased respiratory muscle load, reduced respiratory muscle capacity and reduced respiratory drive. Management of these patients involves a multidisciplinary team, to first identify the cause of failed weaning attempts, and subsequently optimise the patient's physiology to improve the likelihood of being successfully weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation.
The use of specific coordination behaviours to manage information processing and task distribution in real and simulated trauma teamwork: an observational study
Authors: Fornander Liselott , Garrido Granhagen Maria , Molin Ida , Laukkanen Kati , Björnström Karlsson Karin , Berggren Peter , Nilsson Lena
Published: December 2024

Trauma teams handle severely injured patients under high temporal demands and need to coordinate and achieve collaborative decision-making and task execution through communication. Specific coordination and communication behaviours are taught in simulation training to enhance team performance. An examination of the role and nature of communication could increase the understanding of educational possibilities and assess the validity of in situ simulation on behalf of communication. Our study aim was to describe the relative use of communication within information and task management, the use of coordinating behaviours, and the use of talking to the room and closed-loop communication in in-real-life trauma assessment and in the simulated domain. We video-recorded all verbal communicative events in four real-world trauma teams and four teams during simulation training. The analysis showed that although the teamwork was task-oriented, information management dominated task management at 64% of all the utterances in-real-life and 68% during simulation. In-real-life, information management was dominated by the codes “request information” (24%) and “confirmation” (21%), whereas “task distribution” (43%) was most frequently used for task management. The only difference between domains was that “give information after request” represented a smaller proportion of the utterances in-real-life compared to simulation (p ≤ 0.001). Talking to the room was primarily used by the teams in both domains to provide information without request and to delegate tasks. Closed-loop communication was used at a low frequency, 3.6% in-real-life, but was significantly higher, 7.7%, in simulation training. We suspect that this outcome reflects the Hawthorne effect. In the simulations, greater information delivery was provided in response to questions, probably accounting for instructor information. Our results may be valuable for research on trauma team behaviour in a simulated environment to draw conclusions about similar activities in-real-life.
Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Clavipectoral Plane Block and Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block Combination in Clavicle Surgeries: A Report of 10 Cases
Authors: Balci Fatih , Tekcan Muhammed Nail , Gündoğdu Oğuz , Avci Onur
Published: December 2024

This case series included 10 patients who underwent clavicular fracture surgery under general anesthesia. A novel analgesic approach combining 2 distinct nerve block techniques—serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB) and clavipectoral plane block (CPPB)—was used for postoperative pain management. SPSIPB provided sensory blockade for the innervation of the clavicular skin, whereas CPPB targeted the clavipectoral fascia. The combination of SPSIPB and CPPB demonstrated variable efficacy in controlling postoperative pain. Future studies may explore potential improvements through dosage optimization, the use of adjuvants, or targeting higher anatomical levels.
Competing Interests: A Case Report of Thoracic Epidural Management and Cangrelor Anticoagulation in a Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Liu Tiffany G. , Chen Liting , Garcia-Tomas Vicente
Published: December 2024

Management of neuraxial catheters mandates consideration of comorbid conditions requiring anticoagulation, which may complicate their management. Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor with a plasma half-life of 3 to 6 minutes. Its use is indicated to reduce the risk of stent thrombosis. We present a case of a patient with an epidural catheter in situ who became critically ill, requiring antiplatelet therapy with cangrelor. We discuss pertinent considerations of neuraxial techniques in patients requiring cangrelor therapy and review existing guidelines for the management of these patients as well as current evidence of the use of platelet function tests in this setting.
Resistance Training and Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Kipp Lindsay E. , Pigg Quinten W. , Kim Joosung , Fisher Ashlyn , Mettler Joni A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Older adults are at risk for sarcopenia, which can negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Resistance training may improve HRQoL; however, data using sarcopenia-specific HRQoL assessments are lacking. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether HRQoL differs by age group (younger: age 20–29 yr; older: age 60–85 yr) and resistance training exercise status.

Methods

Participants (n = 76) were categorized into four groups based on age and whether they met the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines for resistance training: younger resistance trained (YRT), younger not resistance trained (YNT), older resistance trained (ORT), and older not resistance trained (ONT). Participants completed the Sarcopenia and Quality of Life questionnaire (SarQoL®), which assessed total SarQoL® and seven domains: physical and mental health, locomotion, body composition, functionality, activities of daily living (ADLs), leisure activities, and fears.

Results

ORT and YNT were not significantly different on total SarQoL® and all seven domains (P ≥ 0.05), despite the age difference; small to medium effect sizes indicated that ORT had higher scores on four domains compared to YNT (d = 0.21–0.66). ORT scored higher than ONT on total SarQoL® and physical and mental health (P < 0.05); these effect sizes were large (d = 0.95 and 0.88, respectively). YRT scored higher than YNT on total SarQoL®, physical and mental health, functionality, ADLs, and leisure activities (P < 0.05) with large effect sizes (d = 0.86–1.13).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that resistance training may be an effective modality to attenuate age-related decline in HRQoL. Findings inform evidence-based practice for healthcare and fitness professionals working with older adults with concerns regarding feelings of weakness, loss of muscle mass, difficulty during physical effort, and feelings of frailty.
Historyczne konteksty tekstologii. Funkcje paratekstu w utworach wielojęzycznych
Authors: Rutkovska Kristina
Published: December 2024

This study is an attempt to outline the issues of research on the structure and genesis of the text, a reconstruction of the creative process of religious works created in the GDL in the first period of the formation of the Lithuanian language, which was accompanied by two other languages - Latin and Polish. In this connection, the article briefly reviews the research on an important component of religious texts – the paratext. The basic trends in its description are shown, important functions performed are discussed and its complex structure in multilingual texts written at the beginning of the 17th century is presented. Using two monuments from this period as an example – the sermons of Jakub Wujek translated by Mikołaj Dauksza and the original bilingual sermons of Konstanty Szyrwid – the role of marginal footnotes and indexes in the works of both authors is discussed, focusing on the historical context of these works and the intention of the authors in the process of their creation, made visible in these text fragments.
Przedstawienie kazań Karola Fabianiego z roku 1783 w rękopisach Kiprijonasa Lukauskasa z roku 1797 i Jurgisa Ambroziejusa Pabrėžy z roku 1824
Authors: Pajėdienė Jūratė
Published: December 2024

The popularity of Karol Fabiani’s book Missyi Apostolskiey Część II. [...] Nauki z Przykazan Boskich o Powinnosciach Zycia Chrzescianskiego [...] (1783) in 18th–19th century Lithuania is evidenced by the manuscript of Kiprijonas Lukauskas Pamoksłas Isz Prisakimu Diewa Ape Pawinascias Giwenima Krikscioniszka [...] (1797), which contains all the texts of this book written in Lithuanian (LP I–II; 1–310). Two sermons from Fabiani’s book, namely Nauka XXVIII. z Przykazania Boʃkiego Oʃmego. Nie będieʃz mowił fałʃzywego świadectwa przeciwko bliżniemu ʃwemu (FMA2 457-469) and Nauka XXIX. o Obmowach i innych ięzycznych grzechach, do tego Przykazania Boʃkiego, Oʃmego należących (FMA2 470-489), were not only translated into Lithuanian by Lukauskas (see LP 281-301) but also into Samogitian by Jurgis Ambroziejus Pabrėža in 1824 (see PWM 203-228). The article discusses how different intentions and creative capacities of the text presenters are revealed through the comparison of the versions of an equivalent text by Fabiani in three languages – Polish, Lithuanian, and Samogitian.
Cognitive Picture of LIE in Contemporary Polish Discourse: A Comprehensive Analysis of Textual Data
Authors: Snukiškienė Irena
Published: December 2024

The article presents the research based on semantic and ethnolinguistic analysis, aiming to reconstruct the conceptual structure of lie in contemporary polish texts. this includes a detailed study of the concept not only as a linguistic unit with its lexicographic meaning, but, above all, as a linguisticcultural category, focusing on its semantic and axiological content. empirical data were sourced from the main corpora of contemporary polish texts, as well as directly from press and internet sources. the research revealed the main perspectives from which lie is observed in polish texts, resulting in several distinguished profiles: the axiological profile, viewing lie as a breach of morality; the political-ideological profile, manifested in historical, political and juridical points of view; the psycho-social profile, observed through pragmatic and altruistic points of view; the artistic profile, where lying is understood as the integral part of visual and performing arts; and the economic-advertising profile, depicting lying as an inherent part of marketing strategies.
So you think you are safe from litigation?
Authors: Hampton Sylvie
Published: December 2024

Mrs J is a 45-year-old mother of three teenagers who developed a leg ulcer after a minor injury because of underlying venous issues from years of standing as a hairdresser. Despite regular visits to her GP practice nurse, her ulcer worsened over three years. A turning point came when she joined a local Leg Club, where her ulcer healed rapidly. Mrs J later sought specialised treatment and pursued legal action against her GP for inadequate care, highlighting the critical need for proper training and adherence to guidelines in ulcer management.
Grundrisse: Introduction to Marx’s Political Economy and Historical Materialism
Authors: Das Raju
Published: December 2024

This article systematically presents Marx’s ideas about political economy and historical materialism in the “Introduction” to the Grundrisse. Two questions are posed and addressed. The first one is: what implications does the “Introduction” have for the contemporary Marxist discussions on economic crisis, and on primitive accumulation? Underlying these two topics is the question of the importance of production relative to distribution, exchange and consumption. Marx sometimes appears to be ambivalent in his treatment of this question, and this partly explains why some Marxists can suggest that the production of commodities under capitalism is not the main aspect of late capitalism, and find the main reason for economic crisis outside of production. Read carefully, however, the “Introduction” does provide enough ground to critique these views. The second question addressed is: what implications might Marx’s discussion on political economy and historical materialism, including the relation between culture and economic development, have for the fight for socialism?
A Little Memoir
Authors: Lieven Dominic
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY: In his informal memoir, presented as a talk at the conference "The Russian Empire as a Great Power and Multiethnic Polity" in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on June 30, 2024, the historian Dominic Lieven explores the history of imperial Russia and its place in world history. Through anecdotes about his family's complex history in Russia, Britain, and elsewhere, Lieven reflects on his own personal and intellectual development as a scholar of empire. He examines the legacy of tsarist Russia, including the Russian Revolution and World War I, and analyzes the challenges of modernization, imperial collapse, and the enduring influence of empires on the present. Резюме: В своих неформальных мемуарах, представленных в качестве доклада на конференции "Российская империя как великая держава и полиэтническое государство" в Алматы 30 июня 2024 г., британский историк Доминик Ливен обсуждает историю Российской империи и ее место в мировой истории через призму истории своей семьи в России, Великобритании и других странах. Среди поднятых им тем – российские революции и Первая мировая война, проблемы модернизации и краха Российской империи, а также влияние имперского наследия на современность. Автобиографический жанр позволяет Ливену говорить об этих проблемах в связи с личным интеллектуальным развитием как исследователя империи и просто эпизодами своей биографии и истории семьи.
No Dollar Too Dark: Piracy, Privateering and Illicit Trade on St Eustatius, 1816–1830
Authors: Espersen Ryan
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Residents, merchants and government officials between the islands of St Eustatius (Statia), Saba, St Thomas, St Maarten and St Barthélemy, between 1816 and 1830, were actively engaged in an illicit trade network to sponsor privateers, pirates and illegal transatlantic trade vessels whose prize ships, cargoes and people were subsequently laundered and smuggled between them. This paper unveils the tensions between international, regional and local interests that drove interests on Statia to engage in these activities during the early nineteenth century; the processes through which these relations occurred and the overall economic impact these activities brought to island residents.
Prelude to Imperialism: Puerto Rico and the United States, 1895–1898
Authors: Berry-Cabán Cristóbal S.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This article explores the United States' evolving interest in Puerto Rico, beginning with early nineteenth-century commercial pursuits, and which intensified after the 1895 Cuban War for Independence. The Puerto Rican exile community in the United States was divided between two factions: one advocating for independence from Spain and the other supporting annexation by the United States. These factions clashed, particularly with the formation of the Puerto Rican Section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. After the United States entry into the war, the annexationist faction, led by José Julio Henna and Roberto H. Todd, engaged with key leaders in Washington, ensuring Puerto Rico's annexation. On 25 July 1898, the US Army landed in Puerto Rico, ending 400 years of Spanish rule. The article critically examines the successes and failures of the Puerto Rican Section in achieving its goal of independence, highlighting the McKinley Administration's lack of cooperation and the internal conflicts within the Section. These factors contributed to the ultimate failure to secure Puerto Rico's independence.
Formation of Euphemism in the Bidayuh Language: A Study on the Bukar–Sadong and Biatah Dialects
Authors: Fabian Angelia Marjorie , Campbell Yvonne Michelle
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Euphemism is a language phenomenon that reflects the culture of a particular language community. The studies on euphemism strategies are necessary as they enhance the body of knowledge on how language is shaped by and shapes culture while fostering better communication. This paper examined and compared the euphemism strategies used by two Bidayuh dialects, Bukar–Sadong and Biatah, while utilizing Warren’s Model in identifying the strategies. Warren’s Model consists of four devices: semantic innovation, word formation, phonemic modification, and loan words with seventeen euphemism strategies. The data for this study were collected through an in-depth, open-ended interview with four Bukar–Sadong and four Biatah informants of fifty to sixty-nine years old, chosen according to the NORMF criteria. The findings revealed that both dialects comprised three devices: semantic innovation, word-formation device, and loan words, with the Biatah dialect additionally comprising the phonemic modification device. Both dialects showed extensive usage of the semantic innovation device, with wide usage of the implication strategy in Bukar–Sadong and the metaphor strategy in Biatah. Meanwhile, only in Biatah, euphemisms were derived from the phonemic replacement or remodeling strategy of the phonemic modification device.
Stevens in Leseland , the East German “Land of Readers”
Authors: Akansu Eyk
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: It remains to be seen whether the GDR as a Leseland was more a wish of cultural policy than a reality, but it did produce some remarkable editorial achievements. These include the Weiße Reihe of twentieth-century poetry from around the world. The fact that Wallace Stevens did not appear in it until more than twenty years after his appearance in the West German edition, from which numerous translations were taken, may have banal causes or indicate a delayed hospitality. In any case, the censorship reports show how hard the experts tried to read both the author and the poems through the lens of socialist realism, which over time had become an empty phrase for a concept that remained valid.
Enhanced terahertz radiation directivity via a conical horn antenna from on-chip spintronic emitters
Authors: Ciarniello G. S. , Bovee H. , Guthrie C. S. , Carnio B. N. , Shahriar B. Y. , Elezzabi A. Y.
Published: December 2024

A circular waveguide-fed conical horn antenna is fabricated using two-photon lithography (TPL) and integrated with a spintronic terahertz radiation emitter source to provide enhanced radiation directivity. In comparison to the bare terahertz radiation source, incorporating the antenna permits a spectral density gain up to 20.5 dB. The antenna has a smaller footprint and operates at higher frequencies than other reported conical horns, thereby demonstrating the potential of two-photon lithography for the fabrication of terahertz structures for on-chip applications. The use of two-photon lithography for the fabrication of terahertz antennas is anticipated to support the development of technologies operating above 1 THz for broadband, next-generation wireless free-space communications.
Multi-microjoule broadband terahertz generation in the organic crystal BNA pumped by ytterbium laser pulses compressed via a gas-filled hollow-core fiber
Authors: Jeong Young-Gyun , Zanotto Luca , Seo Dong-Jae , Nam Yujin , Jin Xin , Kyoung Jisoo , Schmidt Bruno E. , Shalaby Mostafa , Razzari Luca
Published: December 2024

We investigate the enhanced terahertz generation in the organic crystal BNA when pumped by compressed high-energy ytterbium laser pulses. By compressing the pump pulses from 170 fs down to 43 fs using an argon-filled hollow-core fiber and chirped mirrors, the terahertz conversion efficiency is increased by 2.4 times, leading to the generation of multi-microjoule terahertz pulses with a frequency spectrum almost twice as wide, extending up to 19 THz. These findings showcase a simple and efficient way to generate intense and broadband terahertz pulses by means of an amplified ytterbium laser system.
Ultrasensitive gas detection enabled by topological states at the interface between graphene and photonic hypercrystal
Authors: Janaszek Bartosz , Tyszka-Zawadzka Anna , Szczepanski Pawet
Published: December 2024

Within this paper, we propose a novel gas sensor enabling detection of NO2 concentration at the level below 1 ppb. The physical mechanism for detection is based on the change of electromagnetic response, i.e., reflection and/or absorption, determined by a topological edge state existing at the interface between a photonic hypercrystal revealing Weyl point and a monolayer graphene having its carrier concentration strongly dependent on the presence of gas molecules. We demonstrate that our device overcomes limitations of sensitivity provided by a standalone graphene monolayer to a level unprecedented in graphene-based setups.
Co-infection mathematical model for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis with optimal control in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Tigabu Kasie , Doungmo Goufo Emile Franc , Mugisha Stella
Published: December 2024

The co-epidemics of HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis (TB) outbreak is one of a serious disease in Ethiopia that demands integrative approaches to combat its transmission. In contrast, epidemiological co-infection models often considered a single latent case and recovered individuals with TB. To bridge this gap, we presented a new optimal HIV-TB co-infection model that considers both high risk and low risk latent TB cases with taking into account preventive efforts of both HIV and TB diseases, case finding for TB and HIV/AIDS treatment. This study aimed to develop optimal HIV/AIDS-TB co-infection mathematical model to explore the best cost-effective measure to mitigate the disease burden. The model is analysed analytically by firstly segregating TB and HIV only sub models followed by the full TB-HIV co-infection model. The Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) and Endemic Equilibrium (EE) points are found and the basic reproduction number R0 is obtained using the next generation matrix method (NGM). Based on the threshold value R0, the stabilities of equilibria for each sub-model are analysed. The DFE point is locally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1 and unstable when R0 > 1. The EE point is also asymptotically stable when R0 > 1 and does not exist otherwise. At R0 = 1, the existence of backward bifurcation phenomena is discussed. To curtail the cost and disease fatality, an optimal control model is formulated via time based controlling efforts. The optimal mathematical model is analysed both analytically and numerically. The numerical results are presented for two or more control measures at a time. In addition, the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio(ICER) has identified the best strategy which is crucial in limited resource. Hence, the model outcomes illustrated that applying HIV/AIDS prevention efforts and TB case finding concurrently is the most cost-effective strategy to offer substantial relief from the burden of the pandemic in the community. All results found in this study have significant public health lessons. We anticipated that the results will notify evidence based approaches to control the disease. Thus, this study will aids in the fight against HIV/AIDS, TB, and their co-infection policy-makers and other concerned organizations.