bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation study on discharge characteristics of the Dual hollow cathode plasma source using magnetic mirror field
Authors: Zhu Tingru , Fu Dongpo , Cai Shixian , Li Jie , Zhang Caijie , Li Yingjie , Wang Kai , Lan Haoyang , Wang Kedong , Xie Xicheng , Yan Xueqing , Zhu Kun
Published: September 2024

The Dual hollow cathode plasma source uses hollow cathode cylindrical sputtering and ionizing metal elements, which has a high material utilization rate and has potential application in the field of material modification. Its performance index requires the cooperation of electrode discharge parameters and the rational utilization of the inner surface of the hollow cathode. In this paper, a two-dimensional fluid model of a Dual hollow cathode structure is developed to simulate the basic distribution of the Dual hollow cathode discharge, which fills the central region of the Dual hollow cathode structure and the electrons oscillate on the axis. The effects of electrode parameters and hollow cathode radius on the discharge were investigated. The results show that the radial electron density of the hollow cathode increases with increasing heated cathode voltage, but as the hot cathode voltage continues to expand beyond 1200 V this trend becomes less obvious. The enhancement of the wall ion current by the heated cathode voltage is very pronounced, and the hollow cathode discharge is the result of the mutual enhancement of the heated cathode voltage and the hollow cathode voltage. Hollow cathode sputtering needs to reach a voltage threshold of 300 V, and the existence of an optimal radius (r = 4 mm−6 mm) to achieve a high plasma density and at the same time favor hollow cathode sputtering.
Stark broadening of Cu II spectral lines
Authors: Dimitrijević Milan S
Published: September 2024

Electron-impact (Stark) full widths at half intensity maximum for 22 spectral lines of singly charged copper ion (Cu II) have been calculated by employing the modified semiempirical method. The calculations have been performed for an electron density of 1017 cm−3 and for a temperature range from 5 000 K up to 80 000 K. The obtained results, have been used to demonstrate similarities and regularities of Stark widths of Cu II spectral lines within a multiplet, a supermultiplet and a transition array. The obtained results have also been compared with the results of experiments and other theoretical data.
Influence of enhanced Laves phase shape and distribution on atomic-scale frictional wear mechanisms in nickel-based single crystal alloys
Authors: Sun Yuhang , Liu Yanjie , Han Jianfeng , Zhu Zongxiao , Zheng Min , Song Bo , Chen Weihua
Published: September 2024

This study aims to simulate the influence of different shapes and distribution states of Laves phases on the friction-wear behavior of nickel-based alloys using molecular dynamics (MD). The investigation systematically examined the mechanical properties, friction coefficient, number of worn atoms, dislocations, temperature, and other micro-deformation behaviors of materials incorporating horizontally and vertically distributed short rod-shaped, spherical, and short strip-shaped Laves phases. The presence of the Laves phase significantly impedes temperature transfer, defect motion, and atomic displacement in the workpiece, resulting in reduced dislocation glide rate and shorter average dislocation lengths. High dislocation densities accumulate at the Laves/γ phase interface, enhancing surface wear resistance. The short rod-shaped Laves phase, due to its large surface area at the Laves/γ interface, impedes defect motion more effectively than spherical and short strip-shaped phases. dislocation tangle, higher friction force, fewer worn atoms, a higher friction coefficient, and improved wear resistance. However, vertically distributed short strip-shaped and short rod-shaped Laves phases exhibit less effective defect interaction, resulting in increased wear and significant deformation. The spherical Laves phase, with its geometric symmetry, shows consistent wear resistance regardless of distribution state. Short rod-shaped Laves phase provides the best reinforcement due to its effective defect motion impedance, while the spherical Laves phase offers stable performance across different distribution states, making it the most suitable shape for Laves phase reinforcement.
Comparative analysis of perturbed f(R) gravity and perturbed rastall gravity models in describing cosmic evolution from early to late universe relative to the ΛCDM model
Authors: Yarahmadi Muhammad , Salehi Amin , Mousavi Hadis
Published: September 2024

This study conducts a meticulous examination of the cosmological implications inherent in Rastall gravity and f(R) gravity models, assessing their efficacy across distinct cosmic epochs, from early universe structure formation to late-time acceleration. In the initial stages, both models exhibit commendable compatibility with observed features of structure formation, aligning with the established ΛCDM model. The derived Jeans’ wavenumbers for each model support their viability. However, as the cosmic timeline progresses into the late universe, a discernible disparity surfaces. Utilizing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we reconstruct the deceleration parameter (q) and identify Deceleration—Acceleration redshift transition values. For f(R) gravity, our results align closely with previous studies, emphasizing its superior ability to elucidate the recent cosmic acceleration. In contrast, Rastall gravity exhibits distinct redshift transition values. Our rigorous analysis underscores the prowess of f(R) gravity in capturing the observed cosmic acceleration, positioning it as a compelling alternative to the conventional ΛCDM model. The discernible shifts observed in the peaks of the CMB power spectrum and evolution of deceleration parameter (q) for both f(R) gravity and Rastall gravity models in the Early and Late universe, in relation to the ΛCDM model, provide compelling evidence supporting the proposition that these alternative gravity models can account for the anisotropy of the Universe without invoking the need for dark energy.
Irreversibility analysis of radiative TiO2+Al2O3+Cu/H2O ternary nanofluid flow over a bidirectional stretching sheet with cattaneo-christov heat flux: nanotechnology applications
Authors: Venkateswarlu B , Chavan Santosh , Joo Sang Woo , Kim Sung Chul
Published: September 2024

Ternary nanofluids demonstrate better heat transfer characteristics in contrast to conventional liquids and typical hybrid nanofluids. These are applied in sophisticated cooling systems for electronics, heat exchangers, and automotive engines, along with renewable energy systems such as solar collectors, where efficient heat transfer plays a crucial role. The aim of this research is to investigate the movement of a Casson ternary nanofluid passing through a bidirectional exponential sheet by employing the innovative Cattaneo-Christov heat flux concept. The utilization of the energy equation considers thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and heat source/sink effects, with the integration of chemical reaction effects into the concentration equation. An analysis of entropy generation is utilized to evaluate the thermodynamic irreversibility within the system. The conversion of transport equations involves a transformation from partial to ordinary differential equations, followed by a numerical solution utilizing the BVP4C solver embedded in the MATLAB package R2022b. The impacts of developed factors on thermal, concentration, and velocity behavior, as well as engineering quantities, are thoroughly explored graphically. The outcome reveals that the velocity gradients diminish as magnetic fields intensify, while it amplified by the Hall factor. The rise in temperature of ternary nanofluid correlates with elevated levels of radiation, and Brownian motion. Concentration intensifies with the rapid development of thermophoresis influences. Heightened values of the Reynolds and Brinkman numbers give rise to amplified entropy production but a decrease in the Bejan number. The ternary nanofluid displays a remarkable 8.92% increase in skin friction on the x-axis and y-axis, influenced by the potent Darcy-Forchheimer factor. The rates of mass and heat transfer in nanofluids undergo a decrease of 8.58% and 12.52%, respectively, due to the heightened influence of Brownian motion and Eckert number. The results could provide valuable insights into the performance of ternary nanofluids in various industrial environments under specific conditions.
The synthesis and application of MRI-fluorescence dual mode materials with absorption ability on quantitative analysis of malachite green
Authors: Xu Feng , Bai Wenfeng , Zhang Jianpo , Jin Li
Published: September 2024

The histidine/Mn3O4/CdTe quantum dots (HMQ) composites with good magnetic resonance/fluorescent imaging and absorbance performance have been prepared based on biomimetic mineralization method, on which the peptide served as a carrier to guide the formation of Mn3O4 and CdTe quantum dots. The fluorescence of HMQ could be quenched by malachite green (MG), whereas the magnetic resonance signal (T1-MRI) was enhanced. Also, there is a linear correlation between the concentrations of MG added and the decreasing fluorescence intensity of HMQ (F0/F), the detection range is 0.06851–1.096 nmol l−1, and the LOD is 0.02750 nmol l−1. The corresponding T1WI detection range is 13.7–95.9 nmol l−1, and the LOD is 7.617 nmol l−1. Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching spectra of the HMQ adopted by MG have been analyzed, of which the data fit well with the law of pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating that the prepared HMQ has good absorption properties. Therefore, HMQ could be used as an MRI/fluorescent dual sensor for the detection of MG.
Numerical analysis on fuzzy fractional human liver model using a novel double parametric approach
Authors: Verma Lalchand , Meher Ramakanta , Nikan Omid , Avazzadeh Zakieh
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a fractal-fractional order model of the human liver (FFOHLM) incorporating a new fractional derivative operator with a generalized exponential kernel, specifically addressing uncertainties. The study delves into verifying the uniqueness and existence of this fuzzy FOHLM using Schauder’s Banach fixed point theorem and the Arzela-Ascoli theorem. It also investigates the fuzzy FOHLM using fixed-point theory and the Picard-Lindelof approach. Moreover, the research analyzes the stability and equilibrium points of the proposed model. To conduct this analysis, the study employs an innovative approach based on a double parametric generalized Adams-Bashforth technique within Newton’s polynomial framework. The numerical results of the proposed fuzzy FOHLM are validated by comparing them with real-world clinical data and other published results, and it shows that the fractal-fractional technique can yield greater efficacy and stimulation compared to the fractional operator when applied to epidemic simulations. Finally, the results of fractional fractal orders are illustrated graphically in a fuzzy environment.
Cosmology with persistent homology: a Fisher forecast
Authors: Yip Jacky H.T. , Biagetti Matteo , Cole Alex , Viswanathan Karthik , Shiu Gary
Published: September 2024

Persistent homology naturally addresses the multi-scale topological characteristics of the large-scale structure as a distribution of clusters, loops, and voids. We apply this tool to the dark matter halo catalogs from theQuijotesimulations, and build a summary statistic for comparison with the joint power spectrum and bispectrum statistic regarding their information content on cosmological parameters and primordial non-Gaussianity. Through a Fisher analysis, we find that constraints from persistent homology are tighter for 8 out of the 10 parameters by margins of 13–50%. The complementarity of the two statistics breaks parameter degeneracies, allowing for a further gain in constraining power when combined. We run a series of consistency checks to consolidate our results, and conclude that our findings motivate incorporating persistent homology into inference pipelines for cosmological survey data.
The impact of constrained interacting dark energy on the bound-zone velocity profile
Authors: Lee Jounghun , Baldi Marco
Published: September 2024

We numerically study the effects of constrained interacting dark energy (CIDER) on the bound-zone velocity profiles around massive dark matter halos.
Analyzing the CIDER simulations performed by ref. [1] for three different cases of dark sector coupling (β = 0.03, 0.05 and 0.08)
as well as for the standard ΛCDM cosmology (β = 0), we determine the mean peculiar velocity profiles in the bound zones around the friends-of-friends
halos with masses larger than M
cut = 3 × 1013 h-1
M
⊙ at three redshifts, z = 0, 0.5 and 1. It is found that the universal power-law formula
proposed by ref. [2] originally for the ΛCDM case still describes well the bound-zone velocity profiles, V(r), even in the CIDER models.
The slope of V(r), turns out to be significantly affected by the CIDER, progressively decreasing as β increases.
Meanwhile, the amplitude of V(r) exhibits little dependence on β, which is ascribed to the identical Hubble parameters shared by the ΛCDM and
CIDER models in the entire redshift range. Our results imply that the bound-zone velocity slope can break a degeneracy even between the ΛCDM and
CIDER models with β ≤ 0.03, which the standard cosmological diagnostics fail to distinguish. We devise a simple analytic formula for the bound-zone slope
as a function of β, and prove its validity at all of the three redshifts. It is concluded that the slope of the mean bound-zone peculiar velocity profile
should be in principle a powerful probe of dark sector interaction.
Observational features of reflection asymmetric black holes
Authors: Chen Che-Yu , Pu Hung-Yi
Published: September 2024

The Kerr spacetime is symmetric with respect to a well-defined equatorial plane. When testing the equatorial reflection symmetry of an isolated black hole, one is at the same time testing the Kerr hypothesis in General Relativity. In this work, we investigate the possible observational features when a Keplerian disk is surrounding a rotating black hole without reflection symmetry. When such symmetry is broken, generically, the photon trajectories around the black hole and the Keplerian orbits on the accretion disk are distorted vertically away from the equatorial plane by an amount that depends on their distance to the black hole. In the reflection asymmetric spacetime we are considering, these two kinds of orbits are distorted in opposite directions. Interestingly, while the size and shape of black hole shadows closely resemble those of Kerr black holes, distinct observational characteristics can emerge in the disk image and emission line profiles. When observing the disk edge-on, a pronounced concave shape may appear along its innermost edge on the incoming side. Furthermore, distinctive horn-like features might be observed on the spectral line profile at the blue-shifted side. These special features can serve as compelling indicators of the reflection asymmetry present in rotating black holes.
Accurate power spectrum estimation toward Nyquist limit
Authors: Wang Yipeng , Yu Yu
Published: September 2024

The power spectrum, as a statistic in Fourier space, is commonly numerically calculated using the fast Fourier transform method to efficiently reduce the computational costs.
To alleviate the systematic bias known as aliasing due to the insufficient sampling, the interlacing technique was proposed.
We derive the analytical form of the shot noise under the interlacing technique,
which enables the exact separation of the Poisson shot noise from the signal in this case.
Thanks to the accurate shot noise subtraction, we demonstrate an enhancement in the accuracy of power spectrum estimation.
For the three dark matter samples with number density ranging from 10-2 Mpc-3 h3 to 10-4 Mpc-3 h3 analyzed on a coarse mesh of size 3 h-1 Mpc with Cloud-in-Cell mass assignment scheme, the systematic bias is well under control up to the Nyquist frequency.
On the contrary, the bias induced by the estimator that ignore the aliasing on the shot noise typically exceeds the statistical uncertainty on the frequency beyond 0.85 times the Nyquist frequency.

The good performance of our estimation allows an abatement in the computational cost by using low resolution and low order mass assignment scheme in the analysis for huge surveys and mocks.
An analytical study of the magnetic properties of the quantum dot/ring system: Rashba, magnetic field, and electron-electron effects
Authors: Shirsefat M , Servatkhah M , Hosseini S
Published: September 2024

The magnetic behavior of a two-electron quantum dot/ring system is analytically studied with electron–electron (e–e) interaction taking into account the Rashba spin–orbit interaction (SOI) and magnetic field. The Jacobi transformation has been employed to separate the Hamiltonian of the system to the center of mass and relative terms. The Schrödinger equation is analytically solved, and energy spectra are obtained. Then, the magnetization and susceptibility are calculated. The magnetization decreases by raising the magnetic field without and with SOI, and also without e-e interaction. Also, the SOI slightly modifies the magnetization of the system without e–e interaction. The susceptibility displays a peak structure as the magnetic field changes from low values to high values. The susceptibility by considering e–e interaction and without the SOI is always negative and its value decreases by rising the magnetic field. The susceptibility displays a transition from diamagnetic to paramagnetic with e–e interaction and SOI.
First results of a newly built hard x-ray/soft gamma spectrometer imaging system: on the aspect of plasma disruptions
Authors: Li Erzhong , Ma C. , Hu Y.
Published: September 2024

A new hard x-ray and soft gamma-ray spectrometer imaging system (HXS) has been built for two-dimensional measurements of plasma emitted photons in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. The system uses a 2D cadmium zinc telluride detector and integrated electronics, and is as a whole shielded by a tungsten box with a pinhole and tangential to the toroidal field. Three classes of typical energy spectra have been summarized in different experimental scenarios during the past campaigns. After performing tomography calculations, the local emissivity contours have been obtained in different energy ranges, which clearly show asymmetry of the plasma crosssection. The spatial perturbation structure is similar to the magnetohydrodynamic modes with low mode numbers. In particular, the runaway island found by an infrared camera (Jaspers et al 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett.
72 4093) is also measured by the HXS. There exists a reversal population in the energy spectra of both slide-away and strong neutral beam injection shots. It is consistently observed that the count rate is increased in the low-energy range before the plasma disruptions. Calculations in phase space indicate that the accelerated momentum flux can be deflected back to the low-energy region by the large pitch-angle scattering. In the post-disruption phase, the plasma current is not replaced by runaway electrons due to tearing modes or transiently bursting instabilities. This paper constructs the basics for the proper use of HXS for hard x-ray and soft gamma-ray measurements in future investigations of plasma disruptions.
Summary of the theory and modeling contributions at the 29th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2023)
Authors: Poli Francesca M.
Published: September 2024

The contributions in magnetic confinement fusion theory presented at the 29th Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2023) are summarized here. This summary aims at providing an overview of the advances in the field and new directions in integrated modeling, computational physics, control design and application of artificial intelligence to discharge design and optimization. Given the increasing interest in bringing fusion to the grid and the focus on design and discharge optimization by means of self-consistent simulations that integrate physics and engineering with a hierarchy of fidelity models, the layout of this summary highlights applications over fundamental theory.
Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Transistors with Scaling Dielectric Equivalent Oxide Thickness
Authors: Hu Chengwei , Xiong Xiong , Wu Yanqing
Published: September 2024

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) demonstrates potential in transistor ultimate scaling, providing a new paradigm for developing next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. To enhance device performance, it is necessary to reduce the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the device gate dielectric. In this work, we have successfully reduced the equivalent oxide thickness of the device to 2.3 nm (corresponding to hafnium oxide with a physical thickness of 7 nm), achieving improved device performance, including lowered threshold voltage, enhanced transconductance, and reduced subthreshold swing to 82 mV/dec, demonstrating the superiority of reduced EOT in enhancing device performance.
Orthogonal Waveform Design for MIMO Radar Using Deep Learning
Authors: Zheng Zixiang , Yang Ran , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the design of orthogonal waveforms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. We combine the peak sidelobe level (PSL) with the omnidirectional beampattern matching as the optimization objective. To address this challenging non-linear and non-convex problem, we propose an unsupervised optimization network based on residual network and attention mechanism. This approach harnesses the potent nonlinear fitting capabilities of neural networks to address the complex optimization problem. Simulation results indicate that the waveforms designed by the algorithm proposed in this paper exhibit better orthogonality than those designed by the traditional algorithm.
Fast Classification of Error Correcting Codes based on Syndrome a Posteriori Probability Spectrum for Intelligent Communication
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Zuo Zhen , Li Sida , Jin Wenhao
Published: September 2024

Classification of channel codes has drawn widespread concern for a long time. In this letter, we propose a posteriori probability based approach to classify cyclic redundancy check codes and convolutional codes. We defined the posteriori probability spectrum to clarify the parity-check relationship between the intercepted codewords and the candidate parity-check vector generated by traversing. We theoretically explained that the posteriori probability spectrum of cyclic redundancy check codes and convolutional codes show clear distinctions. We further specify the feature parameter generated from the posteriori probability spectrum to do classification. Simulation results show that the posteriori probability spectrum for cyclic redundancy check codes and convolutional codes are significantly different. The proposed approach outperforms traditional Gauss-Jordan elimination through pivoting approach in classification accuracy.
Machine Learning-Based Randomness Analysis For a Auantum Random Number Generator
Authors: Du Wanlin , Wang Ling , Zhu Yuanzhe , Lv Hong
Published: September 2024

Random numbers are critical to information security. Quantum random numbers are theoretically truly random and unpredictable. However, the measurement process of a quantum random number generator (QRNG) can be affected by environmental disturbances that compromise the integrity of the generated random numbers. A machine learning model is proposed to assess the stochasticity of the continuous variable QRNG under the influence of vacuum noise. The model is designed to detect the correlation between the randomness of the QRNG being corrupted under the influence of classical noise (electrical noise). In addition, our model detects a decrease in the randomness of the QRNG random numbers when the electrical noise intensity increases to a certain correlation. The results show that machine learning (ML) can be used as a measure of the quality of QRNG.
The health, climate, and equity benefits of freight truck electrification in the United States
Authors: Hennessy Eleanor M , Scown Corinne D , Azevedo Inês M L
Published: September 2024

Long-haul freight shipment in the United States relies on diesel trucks and constitutes ∼3% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and a significant share of local air pollution. Here, we compare the climate and air pollution-related health damages from electric versus diesel long-haul truck fleets. We use truck commodity flows to estimate tailpipe emissions from diesel trucks and regional grid emissions intensities to estimate charging emissions from electric trucks under various grid scenarios. We use a reduced complexity air quality model combined with valuation of air pollution-related premature deaths (using two hazard ratios (HRs)) and quantify the distributional health impacts in different scenarios. We find that annual health and climate costs of the current diesel fleet are $195–$249/capita compared to $174–$205/capita for a new diesel fleet, and $156–$177/capita for an electric fleet, depending on the HR. We find that freight electrification could avoid $6.2–8.5 billion in health and climate damages annually when compared to a fleet of new diesel vehicles (with even higher benefits when compared to the current diesel fleet). However, the Midwest and parts of the Gulf Coast would experience an increase in health damages due to vehicles charging using electricity from coal power plants. If old coal power plants (operating in 1980 or earlier) are replaced with zero-emission generation, electrification of all U.S. freight would result in $32.3–39.2 billion in avoided damages annually and health benefits throughout the U.S. Electrifying transport of consumer manufacturing goods (including electronics, transport equipment, and precision instruments) and food, beverage, and tobacco products would provide the largest absolute health and climate benefits, whereas mixed freight and manufacturing goods would result in the largest benefits per tonne-km. We find small variations in health damages across race and income. These results will help policymakers prioritize electrification and charging investment strategies for the freight transportation sub-sector.
Statistical seasonal prediction of Arctic sea ice concentration based on spatiotemporal anomaly persistent method
Authors: Lee Gyu-Ri , Woo Sung-Ho , Baek Eun-Hyuk , Kim Joo-Hong , Kim Baek-Min , Jeong Jee-Hoon
Published: September 2024

Accurate prediction of Arctic sea ice is crucial for high-latitude and even mid-latitude climate prediction. It significantly affects atmospheric circulation, the environment, ecology, and maritime transport. This study developed a statistical prediction model to predict monthly Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) for up to one year based on the season-reliant empirical orthogonal functions (SEOFs) technique. Its prediction skill was compared with that of a dynamical prediction model. The spatiotemporal pattern of sea ice anomalies, which exhibit strong seasonality and are maintained for a significant period above the seasonal time scale by atmosphere-ocean interactions, was extracted using SEOFs. A prediction model was constructed by extrapolating from the recent anomalous state of sea ice to predict the future. Experimental retrospective predictions with monthly time resolution for 1982–2021 were performed to validate the prediction skill of Arctic SIC and areal extent. Statistically significant prediction skills were achieved over several months, even up to six months, exceeding the skill of the dynamical model.
Phylogenetic, growth performance and protein growth hormone of snakehead fish (Channa striata) from wild stock in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muslimin B , Rustadi  , Retnoaji Bambang , Hardaningsih  , Helmizuryani  , Khotimah Khusnul , Sari Meika Puspita , Rosmiah  , Prasetyo A P , Yonarta D
Published: September 2024

Watershed isolation may influence morphological, genetic variations, and protein expression of snakehead fish (Channa striata). This research seeks to identify snakehead diversity from isolated Inland waters in Sumatra, i.e., Kampar River (SK), Merang River (SM), Cala Lake (DC), and Lampam Floodplain (RL). Channa striata samples were collected from inland waters and cultivated in Aquaculture laboratory. Cytochrome b gene was used for genetic characterization. Growth protein was analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). We collected DNA from four samples at each site. The growth performance of cultivated snakehead fish was also observed. Five hundred post-juvenile snakehead fish from four populations were cultivated for 45-days with five repetitions. Each population had 12 snakehead fish tested for GH protein. Data were statistically tested using ANOVA, maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree analysis, linear regression, and Pearson correlation. The results showed four clusters of snakehead fish in the phylogenetic tree. The DC population had the highest significant value of the daily length growth rate (7.5±0.2 %). The GH protein-growth relationship was low (0.014-0.083). The SM snakehead fish population had the highest concentration of GH protein (1.77±0.11 pg μl−1) and had distinct cyt.b gene clusters from other populations, making it a potential candidate for future aquaculture strain development.
Analysis of Phylogenetics and Structural Relationships of the Cytochrome b Gene Protein in Mahseer Fish (Tor sp.)
Authors: Rochmatika E , Mubarak A S , Tartila S Q , Mufasirin  , Haser T F
Published: September 2024

The Cytochrome b gene from mitochondrial DNA encodes a protein that can be used as a genetic marker to identify species. This study aims to determine the bioinformatic characteristics of the gene encoding Cyt b isolated from various Mahseer species, Tor tambroides, Tor douronensis, Tor khudree, and Tor putitora. Mahseer Cyt b sequences can be used for detailed computational investigation of the properties of 3D protein models and phylogenetics. The data analysis technique uses nucleotides with a sequence length of 330 bp obtained from NCBI. The MEGA X program was used for phylogenetic analysis. 3D protein structure predictions were obtained through the Swiss model and protein homology program using PYMOL software. The results of phylogenetics show close kinship relationships with the closest genetic distance of 0.000, while the farthest distance is 0.068. The nucleotide composition contains Thymine (30.23%), Cytosine (25.81%), Arginine (28.05%), and Guanine (15.92%). 3D modeling of the Cyt b protein Mahseer referring to the species Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839). The 3D protein structure prediction was assessed via a Ramachandran plot of 99.07%. This study can be used as a reference to support sustainable conservation efforts by observing the populations and habitat conditions.
Histopathological Changes in The Gills of Cyprinus Carpio Infested With Ectoparasites
Authors: Wulandari R D , Amalia S R , Sari P D W , Subekti S
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the histopathological changes in koi fish gills based on the degree of ectoparasitic infestation. The study found several categories of ectoparasite infestation, namely normal, mild, moderate, heavy and very heavy. In the gills with mild category, there were histopathological changes in hyperplasia, in the gills with moderate infestation category, hyperplasia and fusion occurred, in the heavy category infestation there were hyperplasia and telangiectasia, and in the category of very heavy infestation, there were hyperplasia. fusion, telangiectasia and vacuoles. The histopathological scoring value on the gills with the categories of mild, moderate, severe infestation degrees is the mild category, while the gills with the category of very heavy infestation degrees is the heavy category. Correlation test of the degree of infestation and scoring of histopathological changes obtained a ρ value of 0.832. It can be concluded that the increase of ectoparasite infestetation will be followed by the increase of tissue damage level.
Identification of halotolerant Lysinibacillus sphaericus isolated from Indonesian traditional dry-salted fish
Authors: Firmansyah M I , Ulum M , Apriliyanto M B , Islam N H , Andriyono S , Pramono H
Published: September 2024

Halotolerant protease-producing bacteria are a potential source of culture starter for the fermentation of fishery products. To find potential culture starter that can be used for fish fermentation, isolation of indigenous halotolerant bacteria is a particularly important step. This study was carried out for the isolation and identification of proteolytic bacteria isolated from traditional dried fish in Indonesia. A total of 32 isolates were obtained from three types of dried salted fish (ikan kotok, ikan belanak, and ikan kepala batu). Out of 30 isolates, six showed casein hydrolysis on skim milk agar (SMA), however, only four isolates showed proteolytic activity on saline SMA (10% w/v NaCl) namely isolates UA10, UA11, UA12, and UA13. All strains were identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus based on morphological and biochemical tests. Before it can be used for fermentation or other purposes, further characterization of Lysinibacillus sphaericus isolated from traditional Indonesian dried salted fish is required.
Evaluation of NPK, Nitrogen (N)-Phosphorus (P)-Potassium (K), fertilizer to escalate Tetraselmis sp. production
Authors: Hudaidah S , Elisdiana Y , Fadillah M A A , Syaifurrisal A , Santanumurti M B
Published: September 2024

Culture of Tetraselmis sp. requires Conway medium fertilizer with a complete and appropriate composition to support its growth. However, Conway fertilizer is quite expensive to be afford by farmer. One alternative fertilizer that can be used is commercial NPK fertilizer which is relatively cheap and easy to be obtained. NPK fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium which are useful for the growth of plankton, including Tetraselmis sp. This research aimed to evaluate the production performance of Tetraselmis sp. using NPK fertilizer at semi-scale mass level. This study used a completely randomized design with three replications and three experiments (A = Conway as control, B = commercial NPK fertilizer with a ratio of N 16%, P 16%, K 16%, and C = commercial NPK fertilizer with an N content ratio of 6 %, P 20%, K 30%). The parameters of this study were population density, cell size, and nutritional content of Tetraselmis sp. The results showed that the peak population density and cell diameter did not differ in each treatment, although treatment C had the highest density (3.63±1.22 × 106 cells/ml). Protein content had values that were not significantly different (21.93–23.16%). The highest fat value was owned by treatment (6.8%). The research results showed that the use of NPK fertilizer in semi-scale mass cultures of Tetraselmis sp produced density, cell size and nutritional protein content that were not significantly different from Conway fertilizer. It is indicated that NPK fertilizer could be used as media of Tetraselmis sp. due to its cheap price and same performance.
Administration of Caulerpa extract against total bacteria and Vibrio in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of shrimp after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection
Authors: Satyantini W H , Anugrah I I , Salahuddin A S M R , Taufiq Mukti A , Mahasri G
Published: September 2024

Improper cultivation of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) can cause Vibriosis attacks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Prevention efforts include increasing the body’s defense system in shrimp by administering immunostimulants. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Caulerpa racemosa extract on reducing total bacteria and total Vibrio in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of white shrimp after being infected with V. parahaemolyticus. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and calculations continued with the Duncan Test (DMRT). The results of the study showed that administration of C. racemosa extract had an effect on reducing total bacteria and total Vibrio in the hepatopancreas with the best results reducing total bacteria at P3 16.60×106 CFU/mL and reducing total Vibrio at P3 12.20×106 CFU/mL. Apart from that, administration of C. racemosa extract also had an effect on hemolymph with the best results of reducing total bacteria at P3 12.37 × 106 CFU/mL and reducing total Vibrio at P3 10.03 × 106 CFU/mL. The conclusion of this research is that the addition of C. racemosa extract has an effect on reducing total bacteria and reducing total Vibrio in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of white shrimp.
Optimization of the intake system for the Setra NS 913 bus
Authors: Baneasa C Birtok , Berghian A Budiul , Ardelean M , Bucevschi R
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the implementation on buses of a dynamic air transfer system (SDTA) brand Air by Corneliu. That system is the subject of a patent entitled Dynamic Air Transfer Device RO 200900028. At the initiative of the Alba Iulia public Transport society, with a fleet of about 100 buses, we started a study on the efficiency of air intake in the internal combustion engine by implementing an SDTA. Since the air filter location on this bus model, Setra NS 913, is behind the rear axle wheels, the filter is exposed to dust, water and other particles thrown by the drive wheels, which leads to premature clogging and blockage of the filtration area, in the context in which the bus runs mainly on asphalt-free roads. The gas-dynamic resistance (filter permissiveness) would increase considerably, resulting in a severe reduction in the degree of filling of the engine cylinders. In order to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above, respectively to increase the life of the air filter with implications on the performance of the engine, we have designed a dynamic system consisting of the following components: the air collector, located on the top of the bus; the grid housing, located on the suction grid; tubing, connecting element between the air collector and the grid housing. In order to realize the 3D model of SDTA, the specialized software VISI - CAD / CAM was used.
Study of the forces in the pretensioned seat belt and their effects on the human body
Authors: Soica A , Budala A
Published: September 2024

The paper aims to analyze the potential injuries induced by the seat belt in case of triggering the pretensioning mechanism. Two mannequins, with different geometries, have been installed on the front seat of the vehicle and were subjected to the efforts generated by the pretensioning of the seat belt, in the absence of an impact of the vehicle. The force due to the impact has been analyzed in various bibliographic resources, in the proposed model it can be taken into account. Efforts were measured in the belt strap for adult passenger and adult pregnant female passenger, or adult passenger with high BMI body mass index. The efforts that act on the human body, with emphasis on the abdominal loop, have been determined. It has been found that stress on the abdomen can cause internal damage, even just by simply triggering the pretensioning system, without taking into account the force on the body due to the impact.
Possibilities to evaluate the vehicle pre-collision travel velocity in the case of a frontal impact with a fixed object, through numerical modelling
Authors: Duma I , Burnete N , Todoruț A , Barabás I , Dragoste M D
Published: September 2024

The present paper evaluates, from a physical-mathematical perspective, the pre-collision travel speed of a vehicle, in the case of a frontal impact with a rigid, fixed pole-type obstacle. The evaluation considers both energy methods and deformation coefficients, taking into account the parameters resulting from the primary investigation of the accident site. The reconstruction of such road accidents aims to determine the kinematic parameters that influence the behavior of the involved vehicle, and to allow the analysis of avoidance possibilities of such events. The developed working algorithm can be applied to solve a large number of road accident cases by changing the input data and to obtain the necessary kinematic and dynamic parameters for the accident reconstruction process. Thus, it is possible to establish the dynamics of such road traffic events, which facilitates the assessment and comparison of different conditions under study. The validation of the fore-mentioned reconstruction algorithm is performed by comparing the results obtained through numerical modelling with those determined experimentally. The relative error between the two is, as well, assessed.
Fully spin-polarized two dimensional polar semi-metallic phase in Eu substituted GdI2 monolayer
Authors: Bhardwaj Srishti , Maitra T
Published: September 2024

The coexistence of seemingly mutually exclusive properties such as ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity and metallicity in atomically thin materials is the requirement of the hour in electronics as the Moore’s law faces an impending end. Only a few 2D multiferroic materials have been predicted/realized so far. The polar metals with simultaneous presence of polarity and conductivity are also equally rare. Here, we predict, based on first-principles calculations that an Eu-substituted rare-earth halide GdI2 monolayer showcases ferromagnetism, ferroelasticity while being polar and a fully spin-polarized semi-metal at the same time. The ferroelasticity and polarity are shown to be coupled making it possible to switch the polar direction using external mechanical stress. Further, it is observed that an application of biaxial tensile strain of 5% causes the spin easy-axis to shift from out-of-plane to in-plane direction. Thus, spin easy axis gets coupled with the direction of polarization in the strained monolayer making the switching of magnetization also possible using external strain. Simultaneous coexistence and coupling of the ferroic orders in a metallic 2D material makes the Eu substituted GdI2 monolayer an incredibly rare material for nano-electronics and spintronics applications.
Study on the performance of MoS2/Au composites for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection
Authors: Zhang Y , Fang W H , Zhai Y J , Li J H
Published: September 2024

Glucose concentration is considered an indicator for the diagnosis of diabetes, highlighting the importance of accurate glucose detection. Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors have been extensively studied for glucose detection applications, with nanocomposites composed of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) demonstrating high catalytic activity. In this study, a nanocomposite material composed of MoS2 and Au NPs (MoS2/Au) was synthesized and employed to construct a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor. The detection limit of this sensor was explored, reaching as low as 1 mM. Additionally, compared to MoS2, the MoS2/Au nanocomposite exhibited a higher linear correlation coefficient and sensitivity, with a linear range of 1–25 mM and a sensitivity of 417.556 μA mM−1 cm−2. The sensor demonstrated excellent performance within the range of human blood glucose concentrations, showing potential for real-time monitoring and precise measurement of glucose levels. Furthermore, it exhibited good stability and reproducibility. These findings indicate the potential applications of MoS2/Au in biosensors and immunoassays.
Flexible screen-printed supercapacitors with asymmetric PANI/CDC–AC electrodes and aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Kattainen Aapo , Keskinen Jari , Punkari Timo , Inci Yesilyurt Ezgi , Mäntysalo Matti
Published: September 2024

We report the fabrication and electrical performance of screen-printed flexible supercapacitors (SCs) based on activated carbon (AC) and polyaniline (PANI)/carbide-derived carbon (CDC) composite electrodes, and neutral aqueous electrolytes. The devices are entirely constructed from safe, low-cost, and non-toxic materials, fabricated through a mass production capable screen printing process, and fully disposable with normal household waste. Symmetric and asymmetric cells with a thin planar face-to-face structure were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate substrate, using eco-friendly chitosan binder based electrode inks, and printed graphite current collectors. The asymmetric cell configuration, with a PANI/CDC positive electrode and an AC negative electrode, demonstrated significantly improved electrochemical performance, through increased operating voltage, energy density and power density, improved cyclic stability and rate capability, and decreased equivalent series resistance (ESR) and leakage current, compared to previously reported symmetric PANI/CDC SCs. The fabricated asymmetric devices had an average capacitance of 250–270 mF, ESR of 20–23 Ω, and leakage current of 140–150 µA, depending on the PANI/CDC variant used. Energy densities of 4.8 Wh kg−1 and 4.9 Wh kg−1, power densities of 1.6 kW kg−1 and 1.5 kW kg−1, and capacitance retention rates of 93% and 97% after 2000 charge–discharge cycles, were achieved with PANI/CDC (10:1) and (30:1) variants, respectively.
Portable network resolving huge-graph isomorphism problem
Authors: An Xin , Li Ling-Fang , Yang Xue , Luo Ming-Xing
Published: September 2024

The graph isomorphism, as a key task in graph data analysis, is of great significance for the understanding, feature extraction, and pattern recognition of graph data. The best performance of traditional methods is the quasi-polynomial time complexity, which is infeasible for huge graphs. This paper aims to propose a lightweight graph network to resolve the problem of isomorphism in huge graphs. We propose a partitioning algorithm with linear time complexity based on isomorphic necessary condition to handle network graphs that cannot be fully computed by a single computer. We use anti-weight convolution analysis and skip connections to obtain a more stable representation with fewer layers and parameters. We implement simulations on personal computer (PC) with graphs consisting of hundred millions of edges, demonstrating the identification performance (

>

98
%

) and time efficiency.
Measuring exploration: evaluation of modelling to generate alternatives methods in capacity expansion models
Authors: Lau Michael , Patankar Neha , Jenkins Jesse D
Published: September 2024

As decarbonisation agendas mature, macro-energy systems modelling studies have increasingly focused on enhanced decision support methods that move beyond least-cost modelling to improve consideration of additional objectives and tradeoffs. One candidate is modelling to generate alternatives (MGA), which systematically explores new objectives without explicit stakeholder elicitation. This paper provides comparative testing of four existing MGA methodologies and proposes a new Combination vector selection approach. We examine each existing method’s runtime, parallelizability, new solution discovery efficiency, and spatial exploration in lower dimensional (N ⩽ 100) spaces, as well as spatial exploration for all methods in a three-zone, 8760 h capacity expansion model case. To measure convex hull volume expansion, this paper formalizes a computationally tractable high-dimensional volume estimation algorithm. We find random vector provides the broadest exploration of the near-optimal feasible region and variable Min/Max provides the most extreme results, while the two tie on computational speed. The new Combination method provides an advantageous mix of the two. Additional analysis is provided on MGA variable selection, in which we demonstrate MGA problems formulated over generation variables fail to retain cost-optimal dispatch and are thus not reflective of real operations of equivalent hypothetical capacity choices. As such, we recommend future studies utilize a parallelized combined vector approach over the set of capacity variables for best results in computational speed and spatial exploration while retaining optimal dispatch.