bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the formation and volume of tax expenditures in the federal budget
Authors: Demidova
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes approaches to the formation of tax expenditures in the federal budget, their volumes, and their interconnectedness with state programs and national development goals. The concept of tax expenditures is based on the premise that tax benefits and preferences should have a greater effect than direct methods of budget financing, such as subsidies. Tax expenditures in the federal budget are primarily focused on stimulating the oil and gas industry, with a significant amount associated with VAT and income tax. The risks of tax incentives, caused by both foreign policy factors and internal structural features of the economy, are considered. Conclusions are drawn that the risks of federal budget revenue losses are increasing. Simultaneously, the list of expenses eligible for investment tax deductions is expanding, although they can be considered productive tax expenditures since the effect of self-sufficiency in recovering lost budget revenues is expected. The primary direction for improving tax expenditures is proposed to involve enhancing the realism of assessments, increasing transparency, and ensuring the targeted nature of tax expenditures by reflecting them in government programs.
Normative regulation of local government officials’ responsibility in the Russian unified system of public authority
Authors: Kozhevnikov Oleg A.
Published: January 2024

The issues of legal regulation of the constitutional and legal structure “unified system of public power” have been the subject of scientific research and discussion for a long time. On the one hand, this is facilitated by the updated text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in which this category found its original place; on the other hand, the adoption of several federal laws aimed at forming the structure and content of a unified system of public power, which have not yet been fully investigated and provide “food for thought” for research papers, books, and dissertations. At the same time, the issues of forming the legal basis for the responsibility of bodies and their officials within the framework of a unified system of public authority have not yet found their sufficient attention and level of development. The issues of legal regulation of the responsibility of individual bodies and officials of local self-government, which are part of the unified system of public authority, are no exception. Within the framework of this study, the author conducts a critical analysis of certain provisions of the Russian Federal Law No. 414-FZ of December 21, 2021 “On general principles of the organization of public power in the subjects of the Russian Federation” in terms of empowering the highest official of a RF subject to apply liability measures (warning, severe reprimand, and dismissal from office) to the head of a municipality and the head of a local the results of which indicate a number of “negative” aspects of legislative regulation, which in their essence do not correlate with the provisions of the current municipal legal legislation regulating the constitutional and sectoral foundations of local self-government, and they contradict the achievements of the modern doctrine of municipal law as a complex branch of Russian law, which is the basic scientific basis for the development of local self-government in Russia. The methodological basis of the research methodology was the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal, and predictive methods, as well as the modeling method.
Kościół pw. św. Anny i św. Barbary na zamku wileńskim. Nieukończone mauzoleum królewskie
Authors: Guttmejer Karol
Published: January 2024

Badania archeologiczne z lat 1955-1959 na terenie Dolnego Zamku w Wilnie odkryły fundamenty renesansowego kościoła pw. św. Barbary. Budowano go od 1571 r. z fundacji króla Zygmunta Augusta jako miejsce pochówku jego i jego dwóch żon. Świątynia nie została ukończona. Jej mury rozebrano w 1666 r.
Miał to być duży kościół z nawą o wewnętrznej długości 29 m i szerokości 11,60 m, z niespotykanym w tym czasie półkolistym zamknięciem fasady i bardzo wąskim prezbiterium. Odczytanie testamentu króla z 1571 r. pozwoliło na odtworzenie usytuowania planowanych nagrobków króla i jego dwóch żon oraz jednego ołtarza. Miały one stać w narożnikach nawy, na ścianie tęczowej po bokach arkady prezbiterium i na ścianach wzdłużnych. Unikatowe półkoliste zamknięcie fasady zapewne miało odniesienie do funkcji królewskiego kościoła – mauzoleum.
The portraits of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz: a study in iconographic typology
Authors: Račiūnaitė Tojana
Published: January 2024

Opisy i wizerunki Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (po 1570–1621), wojewody wileńskiego, hetmana Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego są bardzo liczne. Portrety Chodkiewicza nie doczekały się jednak kompleksowej i systematycznej analizy. Niniejszy artykuł jest jedną z pierwszych prób przedstawienia ikonografii Chodkiewicza, mającą na celu sklasyfikowanie jej ze względu na podobieństwo kompozycyjno-wizualne lub wspólny motyw. Taka analiza może potwierdzić hipotezę, że w niektórych przypadkach grupy portretów, które są podobne lub mają ten sam element ikonograficzny, można wiązać z określoną konstrukcją własnego wizerunku, doborem konkretnych treści i podkreśleniem pewnych cech. Ważnym elementem badań jest identyfikacja oryginalnych przykładów, które później zostały zreplikowane: portret nieznanego autora z lat 1601–1605; rycina Petera van de Jode z lat 20. XVII w.; portret namalowany przez nieznanego mistrza, znajdujący się dziś w Muzeum Jarosławskim; oraz obraz przechowywany w Lwowskiej Narodowej Galerii Sztuki, powstały wkrótce po śmierci hetmana. Są to jedne z najstarszych portretów, najbliższe modelowi.
Wyróżnienia w portretowej ikonografii Chodkiewicza wymagają ponadto obrazy imaginacyjne. Większość z nich powstała już po jego śmierci, w połowie i drugiej połowie XVII w., a nawet później w XVIII–XIX w., na ogół powielając wcześniejsze wizerunki. Znane są jednak również takie imaginacyjne portrety z czasów życia Chodkiewicza. Kilka z nich to emblematyczne drzeworyty w publikacji Sacra Lithothesis z 1621 r., w której hetman jest przedstawiony bardzo ogólnie jako Miles Christianus i można go zidentyfikować jedynie na podstawie tekstów i symboli heraldycznych. Inne to przedstawienia o charakterze mimetycznym. Należy do nich rycina Gerarda Seghersa 1609–1611, wykonana jako upamiętnienie rosyjskiej kampanii wojennej Zygmunta III. Paradoksalnie, być może ze względu na mistrzowskie wykonanie i ładunek emocjonalny, dzieło Godefridus Chodkiewicz Dux Moscovia określane jest w historiografii jako studium z natury. Badania ujawniły jednak, że Chodkiewicz nie pozował rytownikowi. Artysta nie opierał się także na innych źródłach ikonograficznych przekazujących wygląd hetmana.
The Popes as guardians of human dignity
Authors: Müller Gerhard Ludwig
Published: January 2024

The text emphasizes the significance of a Christian philosophy of life in guiding a society towards human rights and the dignity of individuals. It underscores the Church’s prophetic role, asserting that followers of Christ are called to uphold justice and oppose oppression. The text also highlights the interconnectedness of eternal salvation and temporal well-being, rooted in core Christian convictions. It explores the Church’s responsibility for the common good and the autonomy of earthly realities, advocating for the respectful stewardship of creation. The text addresses the contemporary challenge of protecting human life at all stages and emphasizes the Church’s historical commitment to the value of every individual. Drawing on Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI’s encyclicals, it asserts that the Church is inherently charitable and actively engaged in promoting human development, education, and well-being. The text rejects the notion that the Church should merely react to global issues, arguing for a proactive role in shaping the future by emphasizing humanity’s vocation within God’s creation. It critiques ideological pluralism that rejects moral truths, highlighting the emptiness and lack of true hope in a worldview without God. The text asserts that the Church’s antidote to this vision is to focus on the beauty and dignity of the human person, emphasizing the individual’s dual nature of soul and matter. It acknowledges the challenges within a secularized society but stresses the need for human rights to be rooted in an authority beyond human consensus for lasting universality.
Human rights in a secularized society
Authors: Eijk Willem Jacobus
Published: January 2024

The article addresses the issue of the attitude of the Catholic Church towards the doctrine of human rights. This doctrine was originally developed on the grounds of Catholic reflection accompanying the phenomenon of colonial conquests. Its use in the context of the Peace of Westphalia and the French Revolution caused the Church to distance itself from the doctrine. The return came with the person of John XXIII and the Second Vatican Council. Pope John Paul II proved to be a particularly important promoter of human rights. However, during the period in which the Church officially lent support to the doctrine of human rights, significant changes occurred in the Western world due largely to secularization. As a result, the way human rights were interpreted changed fundamentally. This has caused the secular understanding of human rights that dominates Western politics to be increasingly distant not only from the Catholic interpretation of them, but also from their original expression in the UN Universal Declaration.
The teachings of John Paul II and the paradoxes of the right to life in the International Human Rights discourse
Authors: Lafferriere Jorge Nicolás
Published: January 2024

The right to life has a unique and outstanding importance in the International Human Rights Law. However, at the same time, this right suffers from new threats and contradictions. In this paper, I will address these paradoxes, concerning the moment, in which the legal protection of the human being begins; the tendency to accommodate the beginning of life to biotechnological interests; the manipulation of language, as well as the relativization of the right to life and the pretensions of justifying abortion and euthanasia as a requirement of the right to life. I will offer an assessment of these paradoxes in the light of the Magisterium of John Paul II, and I will end with four signs of hope and commitment at the beginning of the 21st century in relation to the protection of the right to life.
The Polish-Belarusian border: between mercy and the reason of state
Authors: Supiński Marcin
Published: January 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie czytelnikowi czym charakteryzują się postawy kolejno miłosierdzia i racji stanu w kontekście wydarzeń mających miejsce na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim, jaki szerzej określany jest kryzysem humanitarnym. Przedstawione zostaną motywacje jakie stoją za przytoczonymi postawami. W artykule zostanie zweryfikowana hipoteza stanowiąca, iż postawa miłosierdzia nie zawsze jest możliwa do realizacji, kiedy to zagrożone jest państwo i jego obywatele, ponieważ władza stojąca na czele tych obywateli ma za zadanie ich ochronę, a dopiero później udzielanie ewentualnej pomocy innym. Obie postawy są zestawione ze sobą. Metodą badawczą jaką zastosowano w pisaniu owego artykułu była metoda empiryczna. Artykuł został podzielony na poszczególne rozdziały. W artykule zostały przedstawione wyniki badań, w ramach których ustalono, że miłosierdzie jest możliwe tylko przez pojedynczych ludzi, a racja stanu jest to postawa jaką kierują się rządzący, w ramach której dążą do bezpieczeństwa obywateli i państwa. Władze państwowe mogą jedynie wspierać działania poszczególnych ludzi czynionych w myśli miłosierdzia. Jednak należy podkreślić, że obecnie zauważalne są dwie postawy miłosierdzia – faktycznego i fasadowego.
John Paul II, the right to life and abortion
Authors: Bauer Nicolas
Published: January 2024

John Paul II formulated the prohibition of killing an innocent person in terms of natural Human Rights. He advocated in favour of the right to life of unborn children, through diplomacy and action at the United Nations. The Polish Pope opposed both the claims and the methods of the pro-abortion lobby. This article examines news of this worldwide battle, analysing both Human Rights Law and the power relations surrounding abortion. Nearly thirty years after the Cairo Conference (1994), unborn children have not been excluded from the protection of the right to life and an international obligation to legalize abortion has never been created. However, the assaults of the pro-abortion lobby are as strong as during the 1990s. The entryism of this lobby has even created dysfunctions in the international institutions themselves, thus affecting and losing their impartiality.
The Importance of Continuous Organizational Project Risk Management and the Value of Project Management Certificates in the Customers’ Eyes
Authors: Simon Dániel , Reicher Regina
Published: January 2024

In an increasingly complex and volatile business environment, organizational project risk management plays a critical role in determining the chances of project success. Project management has become a common tool in the hands of large organizations for executing development and improving their production cycles in a more carefully planned way. However, the future is often hard to predict, and unexpected events may occur which could have been avoided with the use of the right tools and mindset. This comprehensive research study aims to showcase the importance of continuous risk management in organizations and highlight how risk management contributes to successful project outcomes. By synthesizing information from 59 high-quality publications from Scopus and Web of Science, the research describes various risk mitigation methodologies used across diverse fields, and explores potential obstacles faced by project managers when executing risk management strategies. The primary research of the study builds upon a survey conducted with 181 experienced project managers across various industries to gain deeper insights into their risk management approaches and the constraints they may encounter. Additionally, the study seeks to analyse the value of obtaining project management certificates in relationship with led projects’ length and budget. Employing SPSS, the research presents descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation calculations to further analyse the data gathered. The aim of the research is to draw attention to the significance of continuous risk management, propose effective methodologies, identify and mitigate potential challenges, and shed light on the potential benefits of having certifications in the field of project management. This study aims to present valuable knowledge for both researchers and organizations striving to better understand the field of project risk management strategies through the systematic literature review and quantitative research results presented.
A study on ‘Byung-gok(屛谷)’ Kwon Gu(權榘)’sTheory of Equitable Taxation(均賦論)
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Hwang Dong-Kwon
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the theory of equitable taxation shown in 『Jeongsi- gwangyu(政始管窺)』 by ‘Byung-gok(屛谷)’ Kwon Gu(權榘, 1672~1749), a native of Andong. Kwon Gu emphasized the theory of equitable taxation, or ‘Gyunbu theory(均賦論)’ as the most urgent task for the stability of people's livelihoods. ‘Gyunbu(均賦)’ refers to imposing land taxes fairly.
According to Kwon Gu, the foundation of Gyunbu lies in “personally inspecting the land(田地) and accurately revealing its true state[檢踏實事].” He also placed special emphasis on preventing the harmful influence of corrupt ‘Ajeon’ officers. As countermeasures, he proposed that, firstly, they should require the relevant departments and specialized personnel to handle related tasks while personally visiting the land to understand its true state. Secondly, when measuring the size of the land and rating it, Ajeons should be excluded from that task, and knowledgeable individuals competent at the job should be appointed. Thirdly, if any changes are made, the local government head or town magistrate should personally make a visit and confirm the situation. Fourthly, land registers should be recorded for each category of land and be used as a basis for inspecting the actual land and should be updated to reflect any changes.
Kwon Gu strongly advocated for government officials to economize the national finances and reduce taxes to lessen the burden on the people and stabilize their lives. In particular, he heavily emphasized the reality that with the people’s lives being in terrible circumstances, a year of famine could cause Joseon to fall beyond repair. Therefore, he argued they should take reference from the concept of Zhu Xi’s ‘Su-bun-gam-bang(隨分減放)’: reducing taxes depending on how much damage natural disasters or famine cause, as well as the system of ‘Jeon-bu-gu-deung(田賦九等)’: collecting taxes depending on the quality of the farmland with said quality ranked into 9 tiers, found in the 『Wu-gong(禹貢)』section of 『Seo-gyeong(書經). He proposed dividing the good years from the bad years, as well as sorting out the severity of disasters into 9 different levels and reducing taxes based on them.
The Byeongja Manchu War[丙子胡亂] and Hyeonju(玄洲) Lee So-han(李昭漢)’s ｢Simgwanrok(瀋館錄)｣: Focusing on self-healing epic aspects
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee Soung-hyung
Published: January 2024

This study examined ｢Simgwanrok(瀋館錄)｣, which contains the works of Lee So-han(李昭漢, 1598~1645), when he was appointed as a Ububingaeg (右副賓客) and served at Simyanggwan(瀋陽館), focusing on the self- healing epic aspect.
Due to the defeat of the Byeongja Manchu War[丙子胡亂], Joseon's Crown Prince Sohyeon(昭顯), Grand Prince Bongrim(鳳林), and the sons and attendants of high officials were held hostage in Simyang(瀋陽)'s Simyanggwan(瀋陽館), Jiljagwan(質子館), Dongguan(東館), Seoguan(西館), and Bukguan(北館) for about 9 years. Hyeonju(玄洲)'s ｢Simgwanrok(瀋館錄)｣ contains many works, especially poems written by Prince Bongrim(鳳林), nephew Lee Il-sang(李一相), eldest brother Lee Myeong- han(李明漢), and doctor Chae Deuk-gi(蔡得沂).
Looking at the self-healing emotional aspect of ｢Simgwanrok(瀋館錄)｣, first of all, looking at the ‘self-perception of the original and the thoughts of the current couple’, it appears that as a Ububingaeg(右副賓客), he received a great blessing from Crown Prince Sohyeon(昭顯) and Grand Prince Bongrim(鳳林) and seemed to have recovered his normal daily life by reciting poetry. He also tried to overcome the worries of reality by being faithful to his public duties. However, behind the scenes, emotions such as ‘comfort’, ‘contempt’, and ‘hesitation’ are based, so we can see the feelings inherent in the reality that Hyeonju(玄洲) faces.
Next, looking at ‘the harm of separation and the pain of separation’, Hyeonju(玄洲) expresses the sadness of parting with her nephew and eldest brother, the regret of not being able to meet his close friend, the pain of living in a foreign country, and the regret of parting with people he had shared joys and sorrows with. You can see the emotions. This seems to have played a role in healing and overcoming Hyeonju(玄洲)'s sadness by revealing the self-epic that Hyeonju(玄洲) directly experienced through a concrete epic of the work, acting like ‘catharsis’ or ‘free association’.
Lastly, if we look at the ‘emotion between suppressed anger and blindness’, Hyeonju(玄洲) revealed his true feelings rather bluntly when he was relatively free from the Qing’s surveillance and censorship. Hyeonju(玄洲) longed for the day when he could take revenge and punish the Qing through young and talented people, or he expressed his disdain for the Qing by viewing it as a ‘Hyungnu(匈奴)’ or ‘Manmaek(蠻貊)’. He also expressed the idea that civilization and barbarism are distinguished depending on the ruling entity in river areas. It is understood that through this, he vented his feelings of hatred and disdain for the Qing Dynasty and released his deep-rooted feelings.
Narcolepsy in a 4-Year-Old
Authors: Shah, MD Rutvi , Rehman, MD Rahiya , Mousattat, MD Youmna , Bishara, MD John
Published: January 2024

Narcolepsy is a disabling neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by the hallmark of excessive daytime sleepiness. Diagnosis of narcolepsy can be difficult in all aged patients, but especially so in children less than 5 years old. We present a unique case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with slurred speech, behavioral changes, and hypersomnolence. After a thorough evaluation, she was diagnosed with narcolepsy type 1. We provide a literature review about this diagnosis and discuss the signs, symptoms, and workup, with a focus on the challenges associated with determining the definitive diagnosis. The role of obtaining cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 levels in the diagnostic evaluation of patient with suspected narcolepsy is emphasized.
Exploration of resilience in midwifery students
Authors: Argaheni Niken Bayu , Perestroika Grhasta Dian , Syarifah Syarifah
Published: January 2024

Background: Resilience is considered a vital characteristic and has gained attention in midwifery practice and education. In particular, midwifery students face challenges during their education in both the academic and clinical components of the program. The clinical component of midwifery education is equally demanding. Students work in actual healthcare settings, providing care to expectant mothers and infants. They face the emotional and physical demands of long hours, the need for excellent communication skills, and exposure to complex clinical situations. Resilience enables them to stay composed in high-stress situations and learn from both successes and failures.

Objectives: to offer a complete picture of the recent research on the resilience of midwifery students

Methods: This study's methodology is a scoping review using the prism-ScR checklist, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool, and a PEOs framework. It makes use of four databases— Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest —and its inclusion criteria are original English articles that can be accessed in full text between 2019 and 2023.

Results: Out of 168 publications, we found 10 that are pertinent to the research goals. Qualitative research, cross-sectional studies, and mixed methods studies make up the research. The mapping result includes four themes: Caring, Support, Bounce back, Critical Reflective Skills, A Mandatory skill set, and Burnout.
Conclusions: Empathy, resilience, professional identity, perceived concern from peers, and recognition of caring as a prerequisite for the midwifery profession were factors strongly associated with humanistic caring ability. These factors should be incorporated into the midwifery education agenda for agents of change. Facilitating the improvement of empathy, resilience, and professional identity will require strategic training, reinforcement, and transformative educational approaches from educators.
Understanding Political persuasion: Analyzing Image Schemas as Catalysts in Campaign Strategies
Authors: Salih Bahra Raouf , Hama Sur Shilan Ali , Mohammed Suhair Safwat
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the role of image schemas in language with a specific focus on their presence in the construction of metaphors in political speeches delivered during the 2018 electoral campaigns in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Image schemas refer to recurring patterns of understanding that arise from our bodily movements through space. To achieve this, the study utilizes the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Image-Schema Theory, which investigate the presence of image schemas in political discourse. The study centers on the PATH, CONTAINER and FORCE image schemas, examining their role in the formation of metaphors and how they structure the relationship between source domains (journey and container) and the target domain (politics). Precisely, the study examines how politicians conceptualize politics as a journey or container, identifying four structural elements that define this relationship. The research also considers the persuasive techniques employed by Kurdish politicians and how they impact voting patterns. Overall, the study shows that image schemas are an essential tool in gaining public support and influencing voters, and they work as source domains for accessing target domains.
National Beef Tenderness Survey—2022: Consumer Sensory Panel Evaluations and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force of Beef Steaks From Retail and Foodservice
Authors: Gonzalez Ayleen A. , Williams E. Paige , Schwartz Trent E. , Arnold Ashley N. , Griffin Davey B. , Miller Rhonda K. , Gehring Kerri B. , Brooks J. Chance , Legako Jerrad F. , Carr C. Chad , Mafi Gretchen G. , Lorenzen Carol L. , Maddock Robert J. , Savell Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2024

Beef retail steaks from establishments across 11 US cities and beef foodservice steaks from establishments in 6 US cities were evaluated by consumer sensory evaluations and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force analyses. The retail tenderloin had the lowest (P<0.05) WBS force value compared to other retail cuts. The retail steak with the greatest (P<0.05) WBS force value was the top sirloin. Foodservice ribeye and top loin steaks had greater (P<0.05) WBS force values compared to the tenderloin. All retail top blade, bone-in ribeye, Porterhouse, and tenderloin steaks were categorized as“very tender” (<31.4 N). There were no (P>0.05) differences in WBS force values among USDA quality grade groups for foodservice steaks. Retail tenderloin steaks received the highest (P<0.05) consumer rating for overall like/dislike, tenderness like/dislike,tenderness level, flavor like/dislike, and juiciness like/dislike compared to all other retail cuts. There were no (P>0.05)differences among the 4 foodservice cuts for consumer sensory ratings of overall like/dislike, tenderness like/dislike, tenderness level, flavor like/dislike, and juiciness like/dislike. There were no (P>0.05) USDA quality grade differences for ribeye, top loin, top sirloin, and tenderloin foodservice steaks for overall like/dislike, tenderness like/dislike, tenderness level, flavor like/dislike, and juiciness like/dislike. Regardless of source (foodservice or retail), USDA grade group, or beef cut, measures of tenderness in this survey reveal ratings and values that should meet most consumer expectations in the marketplace.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BI-NULL SLANT(BNS) HELICES OF (k,m )-TYPE IN R^3_1 AND R^5_ 2
Authors: Khan Shujaul Hasan , Jamali Mohammed , Aslam Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The present study discusses bi-null slant helices of $(k, m)$ type in $R_2^5$ and give the characterization for a curve to be certain $(k,m)$ type bi null slant helix (BNS helix). The discussion includes the proofs for the non existence cases of $(k,m)$ type bi null slant helices in $R_2^5$. Moreover certain characterizations and non existence have also been obtained for bi null slant helix to be $(k,m)$ type using modified orthogonal frame.
ON GENERALIZATIONS OF STIRLING NUMBERS AND SOME WELL-KNOWN MATRICES
Authors: Stanimirović Stefan , Micić Ivana
Published: January 2024

We introduce a generalization of the Stirling numbers of the first kind and the second kind. By arranging these numbers into matrices, we generalize the Stirling matrices of the first kind and the second kind investigated by Cheon and Kim [Stirling matrix via Pascal matrix, Linear Algebra Appl. 329 (2001) 49–59]. Furthermore, we introduce generalizations of the Pascal matrix and the symmetric Pascal matrix with two real arguments, and generalize earlier results related to the Pascal matrices, Stirling matrices and matrices involving Bell numbers.
FIRST RECORD OF CONTRACTING AND THANATOSIS BEHAVIOUR IN THE GENUS Nymphargus (ANURA: CENTROLENIDAE)
Authors: López-Molina Kevin J. , López-Pérez Laura X. , Arango Ospina Santiago , Cáceres-Rave Juan Esteban
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the glass frogs have been model species for diverse studies related to ecology, evolution, and systematics, among other associated characteristics. However, regarding defensive behaviours few studies describe the antipredatory strategies that they can exhibit. In this work, we document two defensive behaviors that have not been reported for the genus Nymphargus and one of these, is the first record for the Centrolenidae family.
UPDATED DISTRIBUTION MAP OF Amphisbaena mitchelli PROCTER, 1923 (SQUAMATA: AMPHISBAENIDAE) WITH A NEW RECORD IN MARANHÃO, BRAZIL
Authors: Paiva Carolina L. , Oliveira Henrique J. , Costa Henrique C.
Published: January 2024

Amphisbaena mitchelli is a small-sized worm lizard species described from Ilha de Marajó, state of Pará, Brazil. After its description, few publications brought new distribution records for A. mitchelli, all in eastern Amazonia. In this paper we report a new record of the species in municipality of Imperatriz, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The new record is the first in the Cerrado ecoregion and is 300km northeast in straight line to the closest record in Floresta Nacional de Carajás, municipality of Parauapebas, state of Pará, Brazil, and fills a gap of 530 km.
PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Pashin D. A. , Kolosov I. L. , Yakushev N. M.
Published: January 2024

The article explores issues related to design problems and the possibility of using building information modeling (BIM) to solve them. The article begins with the definition of information modeling technology and the scope of its application, the relevance of the topic at the legislative level is indicated. The characteristic features of the modeling levels from 3D to 6D are highlighted and described, conclusions are drawn on their use and solving problems related to BIM. The topic of belonging of the modeling level to a certain stage of design is revealed, special attention is paid to the estimate case. The application of information modeling in the construction industry of Russia is considered. Barriers to the introduction of TIM technologies in the construction industry are highlighted and described, major Russian companies that have already implemented this system in their work are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the lack of domestic databases, software, trained personnel and examples are given to address these issues. The topic of families, the scope of their application, the pros and cons of this modeling method are revealed. There is a plus of working with TIM for designers of private houses, the ease of reading drawings for builders. The possibility of automating the design, construction and operation of the building is noted.
METAMORPHOSES OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE REGION (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC)
Authors: Polovnikova T. V.
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the socio-economic processes occurring in various regions of our country, their heterogeneity and ambiguity.These phenomena are becoming the subject of scientific debate, in which the emphasis is placed on the fact that the situation in the regions is constantly assessed by both government and independent structures and, it would seem, in such conditions society can count on an objective assessment of the activities of governors and understand their effectiveness as managers and trust official information and ratings, which are published with enviable consistency, and not their feelings and “conversations in the kitchen.” The material notes the difference between society’s assessment and official statistics, real life and reports from regional leadership. One gets the impression that we are not talking about the same subjects and not about the same indicators characterizing the degree of change in the situation in the economy and social life of the territory, on the basis of which an assessment of the effectiveness of management and conclusions should be made on the advisability of further extending the term of management or making a decision on major adjustments to the territory development strategy. The author questions the correctness of the current elements of assessing the ongoing socio-economic processes in the territories, since they do not fully reflect the real picture.Officially adopted methods can and should be refined taking into account empirical experience and the conclusions of scientists, and the results obtained should give an objective assessment with an appropriate reaction from higher structures.
24 Social Networking Platform
Authors: Bhaganagare Prof. R. C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The Internet has connected many of the devices in the world. By the end of 2015, we already had 9 billion connected things. And some predict that by 2020, the number of Internet-connected things will reach or even exceed 50 billion. Productive 24 Social Media application is an integration of social networking Platform. It majorly focuses on the freelancer business growth and their development where the fresh faces in the world of business can sell their talent in the form of art, dance, singing, photography, etc. to the relevant customer population by the means of our application and online transactional procedure. Twenty-FourPlatform is built on Firebase database using VS Code, Java, and Android Studio for the structural and design part of the main application. The content from users they have subscribed to will be visible in the subscribed tab and categories they have subscribed to will be visible in the feed tab. Companies are increasingly using online communities to create value for the firm and their customers. Ensuring that brand activity is relevant to a social net work’s core audience is crucial for advertisers wanting to tap into niche communities It is a concept derived from the drawbacks of different application with the motive to combine theirrespective function. This Application will serve them as agood place to share good work and a place where their work will be appreciated by the people
Anatomical Concept of Guda (Rectum and Anal Canal) in Ayurveda
Authors: Puniya Dr. Manfool , Sing Prof. Lakshman
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Ayurveda is a holistic science. In ancient ayurvedic literature anatomical knowledge about body was describe in all ayurvedic Samhita like charak Samhita sushruta Samhita. They provided important anatomical information. Guda is a part of distal alimentary canal. Importance of guda in Ayurveda describe as a mahamarm because it is an important part of the body.
Pembuatan Nugget Berbahan Dasar Ikan Tongkol
Authors: Gorintha Moses , Pratiwi Komang Trisna Arcana
Published: January 2024

Kebutuhan akan makanan yang praktis serta tahan lama akhir akhir ini semakin meningkat terutama di daerah perkotaan, dimana salah satu produk yang semakin digemari saat ini adalah nugget. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti membahas mengenai “Pembuatan Nugget Berbahan Dasar Ikan Tongkol”. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas rasa, aroma, tekstur, warna, daya tahan dan biya aproduksi dari nugget berbahan dasar ikan tongkol. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 orang responden untuk uji organoleptik, sementara pengamatan uji daya tahan dan penghitungan biaya produksi dilakukan oleh penulis sendiri. Data yang telah didapat akan diolah kemudian dibuat pembahasan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa total skor dari uji organoleptik pada produk adalah 500 dimana pada kategori rasa nugget ini mendapat total skor 130 sehingga termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat enak, sementara pada kategori warna nugget ini mendapatkan skor 124 sehingga termasuk ke dalam kategori menarik, sementara pada kategori tektur dan aroma masing masing mendapatkan total skor 125 dan 121 dimana untuk kategori tekstur termasuk ke dalam kategori empuk dan kategori aroma termasuk ke dalam kategori harum. Berdasarkan uji daya tahan produk yang dilakukan dikethaui bahwa produk dapat dikonsumsi sebelum hari ke-7, sementara hasil penghitungan biaya produksi per unit didapatkan bahwa biaya untuk memproduksi produk adalah Rp. 3.200/pcs
 
The need for practical and durable food has recently been increasing, especially in urban areas, where one of the products that are increasingly popular today is nuggets. In this study, the researchers discussed "Making Nugget Based on Tuna Fish". The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of taste, aroma, texture, color, durability, and production costs of nuggets made from tuna. This study used 30 respondents for organoleptic tests, while observations of endurance tests and calculation of production costs were carried out by the authors themselves. The data that has been obtained will be processed and then made a discussion using descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the total score from the organoleptic test on the product was 500 whereas the taste category of this nugget got a total score of 130 so it was included in the very good category, while in the color category this nugget got a score of 124 so it was included in the interesting category, while in the texture and aroma categories, each got a total score of 125 and 121 where the texture category was included in the soft category and the aroma category was included in the fragrant category. Based on the product durability test, it is known that the product can be consumed before the 7th day, while the result of calculating the production cost per unit is found that the cost to produce the product is Rp. 3.200/pcs
Kualitas Wingko dengan Bahan Tepung Mocaf
Authors: Satmika Gede , Pambudi Bondan
Published: January 2024

Wingko adalah makanan yang terbuat dari kelpa, tepung beras ketan, gula, garam, dan air yang memiliki citas rasa manis dan gurih. Tujuan penilitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas wingko berbahan tepung mocaf. Tepung mocaf adalah tepung yang terbuat dari singkong utuh yang difermentasi. Penulis membuat wingko dengan 4 spesimen yaitu P0 ( 100% tepung beras ketan ) sebagai kontrol, P1 (75% tepung beras ketan & 25 % tepung mocaf ), P2 (50% tepung beras ketan & 50 % tepung mocaf ), dan (100 % tepung mocaf ) mebuat Lalu akan di uji organoleptik dari segi rasa, warna, aroma dan tekstur metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data ini dengan kuesioner yang akan diuji oleh 20 panelis teridiri dari ahli dari bidang tata boga, mahasiswa, dan masyarakat. Dari hasil penilitian wingko P1 (75% tepung beras ketan dan 25% tepung mocaf ) mendapatkan hasil nilai tertinggi dalam indikator rasa dan aroma. Sedangakn wingko P3 (100% tepung mocaf) mendapatkan nilai tertinggi dalam indikator warna dan tekstur. Selanjutnya akan diuji daya tahan, dari uji daya tahan wingko dapat bertahan selama 2 hari di suhu ruanagn dan dapat bertahan 7 hari bila disimpan pada lemari pendingin dengan suhu 2 derajat celcius. Terakhir akan menghitung biaya produksi.Lokasi yang dijadikan tempat penelitian berlokasi di Jl keboiwa selatan Gg mangga kav 5. Untuk lebih lanjutnya, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui gizi dari wingko berbahan tepung mocaf.
 
Wingko is a food made from coconut, glutinous rice flour, sugar, salt, and water that has a sweet and savory taste. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of wingko made from mocaf flour. Mocaf flour is flour made from fermented whole cassava. The author made wingko with 4 specimens, that is P0 (100% glutinous rice flour) as control, P1 (75% glutinous rice flour & 25% mocaf flour), P2 (50% glutinous rice flour & 50% mocaf flour), and (100% mocaf flour) then will be tested organoleptically in terms of taste, color, aroma and texture the method used to collect this data with a questionnaire that will be tested by 20 panelists consisting of experts from culinary , students, and the society. From the results of the research, Wingko P1 (75% glutinous rice flour and 25% mocaf flour) obtained the highest value in taste and aroma indicators. Meanwhile, Wingko P3 (100% mocaf flour) got the highest score in color and texture indicators. Furthermore, it will be tested for durability, from the durability test, wingko can endure for 2 days at room temperature and can endure 7 days when stored in a refrigerator with a temperature in 2 degrees Celsius. Finally, we will calculate the cost of production. The research location is located on Jl Keboiwa Selatan Gg Mango Kav 5. For further research, it is necessary to conduct further research to determine the nutrition of wingko made from mocaf flour.
On the structure of weak solutions of the Riemann problem for a degenerate nonlinear diffusion equation
Authors: Panov E. Yu.
Published: January 2024

An explicit form of weak solutions to the Riemann problem for a degenerate nonlinear parabolic equation with a piecewise constant diffusion coe cient is found. It is shown that the lines of phase transitions (free boundaries) correspond to the minimum point of some strictly convex and coercive function of a nite number of variables. A similar result is true for Stefan’s problem. In the limit, when the number of phases tends to in nity, there arises a variational formulation of self-similar solutions to the equation with an arbitrary nonnegative diffusion function.
Trīs latviešu literatūras klasiķi monogrāfijās
Authors: Priedīte Aija
Published: January 2024

Izdevniecības Dienas grāmata izdoto monogrāfiju apskats. Jāņa Zālīša monogrāfija par Jāni Ziemeļnieku Kam puķe zied... (2021),  Ievas Strukas pētījums par Anšlavu Eglīti Par skaisto un aplamo dzīvi (2022),  Arņa Koroševska grāmata par Andreju Upīti Lielais noliedzējs (2022).
Modern wars and their impact on national security
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kovalev Andrey
Published: January 2024

Introduction. War occupies a special place in the mankind development because it is an integral part of its history. Thousands of researchers have been engaged in the problem of war from the standpoint of various sciences. The confrontation of nations and individual social groups as a social and political fact has been seen in philosophical thought since the epoch of the first major civilizations. However, at the present stage of society’s development, the problems of war are closely connected with the national security phenomenon because the state protection from internal and external threats actually prevents the risks of damage to manpower, civilian population, infrastructure, and economy. The purpose of the study is to determine to what degree the leading characteristics of the three main war forms influence the national security transformation at the present stage of society development. Methods. To achieve the study purpose and solve the tasks set, the logical method of analysis for structuring materials, the historical method for correct and chronologically consistent presentation of facts, the comparative method for identifying distinctive parameters in the compared judgments and the deductive method for determining conclusions based on the results of the study are used. Scientific novelty of the research. The study provides a detailed analysis of modern wars and their impact on national security. The author has studied the interrelationships between various forms of military conflicts and their consequences for the stability of the state. Special attention is paid to the methodology of analyzing hybrid and asymmetric wars, which allows a deeper understanding of their characteristics and impact on the national security system. This approach helps to better understand the dynamics of modern threats and strategies to counter them. Results. The author gives the definition of national security through the war phenomenon, determines the features of conventional war that influence the formation of the national security of the state and the requirements for transforming security, analyzes the influence of asymmetric warfare methods on national security, determines the features of hybrid warfare in opposition to the fundamentals of national security, and makes the conclusion on the influence of various war forms on national security transformation and stability. Conclusions. At the present stage of the world community development, various war forms require an individual state to transform methods and mechanisms of national security that would not keep up or catch up with the war technologies but prevent threats based on a stable national identity, the coordinated work of all actors of national security, the construction of mechanisms that serve the stability of social and economic activity.
“The Future of Education, Mindset and Skillset” at the VIII BRICS Young Scientists Forum: philosophical and anthropological understanding
Authors:   South Ural State University, Gulevataya Anastasia
Published: January 2024

The article presents an analytical review of the section “The Future of Education, Mindset and Skillset” of the VIII BRICS Young Scientists Forum (31 July — 2 August 2023, Gkeberha, South Africa). The programme of this Forum section includes such sub-themes as application of new and convergent technologies in education, new educational tools for overcoming local socio-economic barriers, as well as leadership and entrepreneurial thinking for navigating the ever-changing future. The Forum in general and this section in particular brought together young scientists from five countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) representing both technical and humanitarian scientific fields. The author identifies three key markers in the reports on the education made by young scientists from the BRICS countries and provides their philosophical and anthropological understanding.
Modelos para la evaluación de riego crediticio en el ámbito de la tecnología financiera: una revisión
Authors: Tadeo Espinoza Frank Edward , Coral Ygnacio Marco Antonio
Published: January 2024

Esta revisión analiza una selección de artículos científicos sobre la implantación de sistemas de evaluación del riesgo de crédito para identificar las soluciones existentes, las más acertadas y las limitaciones y problemas en su desarrollo. Se adoptó la declaración PRISMA del siguiente modo: se formularon las preguntas de investigación, se definieron los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron las palabras clave y se diseñó la cadena de búsqueda. Por último, se calcularon varios estadísticos descriptivos de los artículos seleccionados. En los estudios seleccionados se identificaron 31 soluciones, entre métodos, modelos y algoritmos. Algunos de los modelos más utilizados se basan en técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA), especialmente Redes Neuronales y Bosques Aleatorios. Se concluyó que las Redes Neuronales son las soluciones más eficientes, con precisiones medias superiores al 90 %, pero su desarrollo puede tener limitaciones. Estas soluciones deben implementarse teniendo en cuenta el contexto en el que se van a emplear.