bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between patient safety culture with patient satisfaction and hospital performance in Shafa Hospital of Kerman in 2020
Authors: Afshar Parya Jangipour , Karbasi Bahram Jabarzadeh , Moghadam Mahmood Nekoei
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hospitals are a significant part of the health system, so their performance is always measured based on some factors such as patient satisfaction and their safety level.

AIM:

The present study was aimed to examine the relationship between patient safety culture with patient satisfaction and hospital performance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This descriptive–analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on 240 patients, 240 staff and 20 hospital managers in Shafa hospital of Kerman, Iran, in 2020. To collect data, the patient safety culture, the patient satisfaction, and the hospital performance questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS and PLS software; to measure the research model, structural equation models and confirmatory factor analysis were used.

RESULTS:

The variable “patient satisfaction” and its components had a high mean, with the component “the treating physician” having the highest mean. The variables “patient safety culture and hospital performance” had a medium mean. There was a significant positive relationship between patient safety culture–hospital performance, patient safety culture–patient satisfaction, and patient satisfaction–hospital performance.

CONCLUSION:

The patient satisfaction level was appropriate in the studied center, and a positive and significant relationship was found between patient safety culture and patient satisfaction and hospital performance.
Determining the effective factors on developing entrepreneurial managers in the Iranian health system
Authors: Farajzadeh Fatemeh , Tourani Sogand , Shabaninejad Hossein
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth and a main symbol of innovation in any country. The health system of the country needs entrepreneur managers to eradicate the problems and provide better services. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the nurturing of entrepreneurial managers in the Iran's health system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was carried out qualitatively with the grounded theory method and through semi-structured interviews with six questions. The data sources were 22 key informants who were purposefully selected from healthcare organizations and other entrepreneurship-related institutions. Data were analyzed and interpreted using the framework analysis. Data were managed and analyzed using MAXQDA software.

RESULTS:

Findings of this study indicated 6 main themes and 46 subthemes. The six factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial managers in the Iran's health system were determined as individual, family, social, economic, organizational, and educational.

CONCLUSION:

Iranian health organizations need to nurture entrepreneurial managers to tackle the challenges of the health system, compete internationally, and have successful performance. Hence, delivering the health industry to entrepreneurial managers in the long run will bring back positive results of growth and development to the body of the health system. Therefore, paying attention to the identified themes and subthemes and the solutions presented in this study can help nurture entrepreneurial managers’ and successful performance of the Iran's health sector.
Effective strategies for implementing patient-centered care in cardiac care unit
Authors: Charosaei Firouzeh , Rostami Shahnaz , Esmaeili Maryam , Molavynejad Shahram , Vanaki Zohreh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patient-centered care (PCC) is a cornerstone for health-care professionals to improve the quality of care they provide to patients with cardiac disease. However, implementation of PCC programs has always accompanied with unpredictable challenges and obstacles. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine effective strategies for the implementation of PCC from the perspective of patients and healthcare providers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present research was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis method in one of the university hospitals of Abadan University of Medical Sciences during 2019–2020. Purposive sampling was performed until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through four focused group discussions and 24 in-depth semi-structured interviews with 22 health-care providers and seven cardiac patients. Depending on the interview process and the responses of each individual, the sequencing of questions was different from one participant to another. Data analysis was performed continuously and concurrently with data collection, using a comparative method.

RESULTS:

After data analysis, seven subcategories and three main categories were extracted. The main categories included structural, process, and outcome strategies. The category of structural strategies included subcategories of nursing care organization, application of appropriate motivational mechanisms, and expansion of team coordination. Process strategies included three subcategories, namely, promoting communication, respectful and compassionate care, and the development of holistic care. Finally, the outcome strategy consisted of the subcategory of patient empowerment.

CONCLUSION:

The practical strategies for the implementation of PCC in coronary care unit revealed in this study were at structural, process, and outcome levels. Health-care managers and administrators can avail themselves of the findings of the present study to promote the quality care for cardiac care unit patients and improve patient satisfaction.
Assessing readiness to change in regular breakfast consumption among elementary students
Authors: Mohajeri Mahsa , Narimani Sajjad , Shahbazzadeh Fardin , Bahrampanah Saniyeh , Qaderi Vida
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Motivation and desire are the main psychological factors associated with regular breakfast consumption among elementary students. The purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of students to regular breakfast consumption.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research was cross-sectional study; 300 students participated who were selected based on cluster sampling from elementary schools in different parts of Ardabil and were interviewed using a motivational questionnaire according to SOC model. The acquired data was then analyzed by ANOVA and linear regression.

RESULTS:

Cognitive processes of change such as social liberation (β = 0.31, α = 0.001) and self-reevaluation (β = 0.13, α = 0.04) and self-efficacy (β = 0.44, α = 0.001) played a significant role in motivating students to move from the inactive stage to preparation stage.

CONCLUSION:

By understanding the motivational factors of regular breakfast consumption, a regular program can be implemented to increase breakfast consumption and ensure the health of students and help them to grow in learning ability and abstract thinking.
Self-care practices and factors influencing self-care among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a rural health center in South India
Authors: Durai Vanitha , Samya V. , Akila G. V. , Shriraam Vanishree , Jasmine Aliya , Muthuthandavan Anitha Rani , Gayathri T. , Mahadevan Shriraam
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Self-care for diabetes is very important in preventing complications of diabetes and also improving quality of life. This study aims to find the various self-care practices of type 2 diabetes patients who are being treated at a rural health center of a medical college and the factors influencing self-care.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Type 2 diabetes patients registered and receiving treatment from the noncommunicable disease clinic of a rural health center were administered a pretested questionnaire, developed based on different diabetes self-care questionnaires making changes as appropriate and including most aspects of self-care practices. The proportion of compliant was then cross-tabulated with background characteristics and their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. SPSS version 16.0 was used for the analysis.

RESULTS:

Among 390 patients with a mean age 56 years, 25.5% adhered to at least four dietary modifications, 46% were physically active, and 57% had good compliance to drugs; hypoglycemia prevention practices ranged from 21% to 51%. Except for avoiding barefoot walking (90%), other foot-care practices were followed by only a quarter of them. Among ever users, 69.2%, 64.3%, and 29.4% have quit smoking, alcohol, and tobacco use, respectively. Adherence to dietary modifications and drug compliance were associated with a lower HbA1c level of ≤7 g% (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

In this study, the compliance to physical activity or medications is much better than dietary changes and foot-care practices. Focused education programs and monitoring during follow-up visits will improve self-care in the less adhered to aspects. Those who are adherent to dietary modifications and drugs have better glycemic control.
Online classes versus traditional classes? Comparison during COVID-19
Authors: Kumari Sanjana , Gautam Hitender , Nityadarshini Neha , Das Bimal Kumar , Chaudhry Rama
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Nowadays, the use of Internet with e-learning resources anytime and anywhere leads to interaction possibilities among teachers and students from different parts of the world. It is becoming increasingly pertinent that we exploit the Internet technologies to achieve the most benefits in the education.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study compares the difference between traditional classroom and e-learning in the educational environment. Medical undergraduate students of our institution were enrolled to compare between the online versus traditional method of teaching through questionnaire.

RESULTS:

Forty percent of students found the online lecture material difficult to understand. 42.6% of respondents found it difficult to clear the doubts in online teaching; 64.4% of the participants believed that they have learned more in a face-to-face learning.

CONCLUSION:

In this study, we concluded that online mode offers flexibility on timing and delivery. Students can even download the content, notes, and assignment. Despite all the advantages offered, there is a general consensus that no technology can replace face-to-face teaching in real because in this, there will be visual as well as verbal discussion. Looking at the uncertainty of the current scenario, it is difficult to predict how long online classes will have to continue. Hence, it is of paramount importance that we assess the effectiveness of online classes and consequently take measures to ensure proper delivery of content to students, especially in a skilled field like medicine, so we concluded that face-to-face learning is of utmost importance in medical institutions.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, determinants of potential vaccination, and hesitancy in public
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Bairwa Mukesh , Beniwal Kalpana , Kant Ravi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Coronavirus disease rapidly spreads across the entire world in < 2 months and gravely jeopardizes the regular human routine. The medical fraternity recommends a vaccine as one of the best solutions to save the universe. However, to be effective, the population should reflect an encouraging attitude to accept it. The study aimed to measure vaccine acceptability and reason for hesitancy among the public.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Eight hundred and forty one adults visiting a tertiary care hospital responded to a pretested validated questionnaire on vaccine acceptability and hesitancy. The Chi-square test and independent t-test, followed by multinomial logistic regression, were used to analyze the findings.

RESULTS:

Overall, 53.4% (n = 445) of participants interested to take vaccine, 27.2% (n = 229) were not sure, and the remaining 19.4% (n = 163) did not intent to vaccinate. Gender (P = 0.013), information on the vaccine (P = 0.022), chances to get coronavirus disease in the next 6 months (P < 0.001), awareness on India COVID-19 vaccine (P < 0.001), Indian manufacturing company of vaccine (P < 0.001), family history of the laboratory-confirmed case (P < 0.001), and health status (P = 0.011) found a significant association with intention to vaccination (a response “yes” vs. “no” and “not sure”). Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included specific antivaccine attitudes and beliefs, a concern of fear and phobia, lack of information, and safety issues on the vaccine.

CONCLUSIONS:

This institute-specific survey revealed that approximately every 4 in 8 people were not sure to take the vaccine, and one in five people refused to be vaccinated. The study recommends using target-based health education to understand and address vaccine-specific concerns to enhance vaccine coverage, and boost confidence among the population.
Evaluation of social accountability in hospital managers
Authors: Gorji Hasan Abolghasem , Niknam Noureddin , Ghaedchukamei Zeinab , Gharavinia Abdulsamad , Safari Mehdi , Elahi Maasumeh , Rahmati Razie , Mengelizadeh Nezamaddin , Aghaei Nahid , Ghojogh Hamid Alaee , Shakeri Khosro
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Today, hospitals need managers who, in addition to having the necessary skills for management and leadership, are accountable to stakeholders, especially the community. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the social accountability of managers of public and private hospitals in Tehran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional and was performed on 155 managers of selected public and private hospitals in Tehran. The research tools included a demographic characteristic questionnaire and a researcher-made social accountability questionnaire for managers. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 22 software.

RESULTS:

The situation of social accountability in the managers of public hospitals was at a weak level and in the managers of private hospitals in Tehran was at a good level. In comparing the status of social accountability and its dimensions in the managers of public hospitals with the managers of private hospitals, the status of social accountability in the dimensions of human resource management, quality improvement, executive management, and overall social accountability were significantly different from each other (P ≤ 0.05). However, in terms of governance, the status of social accountability of public hospital managers was not significantly different from private hospitals (P ≥ 0.05). Overall, the results of social accountability in private hospitals were better than in public hospitals.

CONCLUSION:

The social response status of managers in private hospitals was better than public ones. Lack of attention of managers to social accountability affects the quality of other educational, health, and medical services. This fact raises the need for managers to pay more attention to the issue of social accountability.
Evaluating the implementation of helping babies survive program to improve newborn care conditiona
Authors: Jourabian Atefeh , Jafari-Mianaei Soheila , Ajoodanian Najmeh D
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The main reason of newborn mortalities in low- and middle-income countries is due to the lack of skilled caregivers in providing essential care for babies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the implementation of helping babies survive (HBS) program to improve newborn care condition in Isfahan, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the labor and midwifery wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan. Convenience sampling method was used for all healthy newborns who weighed >1500 g. First, the samples were selected for the control group. Then, the Helping Babies Breathe and Essential Care for Every Baby training courses were held over for ward nurses and midwives. Then, the samples of the intervention group were selected. The research tools consisted of demographic characteristic questionnaire, caregiver performance evaluation checklist, and breastfeeding registration checklist. SPSS software version 16 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 130 newborns were divided into control (n = 65) and intervention groups (n = 65). The average time of umbilical cord clamping increased from 13.85 to 61.48 s, and the average duration of skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby increased from 11.75 to 60.47 min. The mean of early initiation of breastfeeding improved during the 1st h and the 1st day of the birth. The rate of neonatal hypothermia in the intervention group decreased sharply.

CONCLUSION:

The implementation of the HBS program can positively impact newborn care condition.
Implementation and evaluation of extracurricular theme for undergraduate basic sciences medical courses at Shiraz Medical School
Authors: Izadabadi Fatemeh , Amini Mitra , Kiani Mahsa
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

In recent years, to achieve the fundamental goal of educating meta-competent future medical doctors, varieties of educational methods have been proposed in all medical schools. In Shiraz Medical School, we implemented an extracurricular theme focusing mostly on medical education's psychosocial aspect. This study aims to discuss the implementation and evaluation of this extracurricular theme.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study is a descriptive-analytic one; we included all undergraduate medical students in basic sciences courses who started medical education in 2014 and 2015 in Shiraz Medical School. The evaluation tools were questionnaires designed in different formats and handed out to medical students before and after the workshops. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test in SPSS Software Version 23.

RESULTS:

Students’ satisfaction was more than 60% in all items of all workshops, except in some items of studying and learning methods and research methods workshops, which were lower than 60%. Students’ knowledge about all aspects of communication skills, stress management, critical thinking, studying and learning methods, and research methods workshops improved significantly after participation in these workshops.

CONCLUSIONS:

Medical students can become meta-competent future medical doctors. They can reach all of the learning outcomes described in the three-circle model of learning. This goal cannot be achieved by implementing a medical curriculum which only contains medical literature. Some extracurricular issues based on students’ and societies’ requirements must be added to the main curriculum. The whole curriculum must be evaluated continuously, and required changes must be applied.
Treatment of opium addiction in persian medicine
Authors: Kamali Mohadese , Kamali Hoda , Doustmohammadi Mohammadmahdi , Sheikhbardsiri Hojjat , Moghadari Masoud
Published: April 2024

Drug abuse is one of the most important threats to human beings today, leading to disability and even early death. In the past, opium had only therapeutic uses, but now, drug addiction is one of the major public health problems in Iran. Opium and its derivatives are the most commonly used illicit drugs in this country. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the treatment strategies of opium addiction from the perspective of Persian medicine. In this narrative review, the search was conducted using appropriate keywords in the authoritative books of Persian medicine documentations of databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, American Academy of Medical Sciences, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes with keywords of opioid and opium since 2000 AD. In Persian medicine books, “Afioon” means poppy plant (Papaver somniferum), which is called opium in English and “Theriac” in Persian. To quit, they should be gradually reduced and replaced with appropriate spices such as henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) seeds or mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) fruit or root or poppy (P. somniferum) seeds or poppy shell or Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds, or castor testis or nutmeg (Myristans fragrans) fruit or ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum) seeds or baked bread. Opioid quit should be gradual and delayed in time of consumption and gradual reduction of opium levels, and bodies that have become lean for a long time will gradually recover with adequate nutrition over time.
Rapid transition to online teaching program during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Khan Amir Maroof , Patra Somdatta , Gupta Piyush , Sharma Arun Kumar , Jain Anil K.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 pandemic has forced medical colleges around the world to shift to online teaching. There is hardly any evidence regarding such rapid transitions to online teaching, especially from resource-poor settings. We share our experience of developing an online teaching program based on teachers’ and students’ feedback.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A mixed methods study was conducted during the COVID-19 lockdown period in a public-funded medical institute of India. Online feedback was obtained 3 weeks after the beginning of emergency remote teaching. The responses by the students and teachers shaped the final online teaching program which reinforced the perceived strengths and addressed the weaknesses. Observations were made for the proportion of scheduled lectures delivered through digital platform and students’ attendance in the 1st week and last week of the study period.

RESULTS:

Feedback was obtained from 367 students and 56 teachers. Around three-fourths of the students (76.7%) and teachers (73.2%) were satisfied with online teaching. The themes generated for benefits of online teaching were similar for both students and teachers, but the perceived challenges differed. Students found online teaching more stressful, and teachers were apprehensive of the new technology and lack of a controlled environment.

CONCLUSIONS:

A rapid transition to development and implementation of an online teaching program was found to be feasible and acceptable to the primary stakeholders. Not only the content but student engagement and supportive environment for both students and teachers are essential requirements in the context of an online undergraduate teaching program.
The effectiveness of mindfulness training on coping with stress, exam anxiety, and happiness to promote health
Authors: Zandi Hajar , Amirinejhad Ali , Azizifar Akbar , Aibod Sehat , Veisani Yousef , Mohamadian Fathola
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Mindfulness as an intervention approach in mental health has been increasingly used to promote health in young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on coping with stress, test anxiety, and happiness to promote health in female high school students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The design of this study was quasi-experimental with control group, with pretest and posttest. The statistical population of the study included all the female students studying in the secondary high school in the city of Sanandaj in Iran with 2890 students, 40 of whom were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental (20 individuals) and control groups (20 individuals). Participants completed the Oxford Happiness (0.79), Sarason Exam Anxiety (0.87), and Andler and Parker Stress Management (0.81) Questionnaires. The method of intervention was training based on mindfulness. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

RESULTS:

The results showed that in the posttest, a significant difference was seen between the mean scores of the participants of the experimental and control groups in the variables of problem-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidant coping variables (P < 0.05). In addition, the results showed that in the posttest, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of test anxiety; happiness; and happiness components including life satisfaction, self-esteem, active well-being, satisfaction, and positive mood (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that mindfulness training is an effective intervention to improve coping styles, test anxiety, and happiness in students.
Personalization of health information prescription in diabetes clinical setting
Authors: Nabiolahi Abdolahad , Sedghi Shahram , Aghili Rokhsareh , Nemati-Anaraki Leila
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The prevalence of diabetes makes considerable costs for health-care organizations. The increase of patient's self-care abilities by use of personalizing health information prescription can reduce these costs. This study was conducted to explore the benefits and challenges related to personalizing health information prescription in diabetes clinical settings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The samples included diabetes education officials working in specialized diabetes clinics and Diabetes Research Centre managers of Iran and Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences. They were 21 cases and selected through purposeful sampling method. Semi-structured interview and focus discussion groups were used to collect the viewpoints of specialists. Interview guide, based on literature review and the documents of diabetes, was used in interviews and focus groups. Their validity was affirmed by specialists. The interview texts were coded in MAXQDA10 software and analyzed through content analysis method.

RESULTS:

The most important benefits of personalizing health information prescription were classified into five themes as follows: medical services improvement, facilitation of consumers to information resources, improvement in patients’ knowledge and awareness, increase in self-care ability and disease management, reinforcing the relation between physician and patient and keeping physician in the information prescription cycle. The challenges of personalizing of health information prescription were revealed as follows: Recognition of patients’ personal characteristics at the turn of entering the system, systems’ functional modifiers especially bilateral interaction and relation to patient's health file, content recognition, and creating suitable protocol.

CONCLUSION:

This study showed that diabetes clinical settings face different organizational and process challenges for establishing the personalization of health information prescription. The most important challenges which should be considered in designing information prescription in diabetes clinical environments are as follows: reinforcing physicians’ recognition of information prescription benefits, lack of integrative electronic health information system, and patient primary assessment in the first stage of entering the patient into the system in respect of clinical and personal aspects in information needs of consumer.
The effect of positive psychology intervention on quality of life among women with unintended pregnancy
Authors: Rastad Zahra , Golmohammadian Mohsen , Jalali Amir , Kaboudi Bijan , Kaboudi Marzieh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Studies have shown that quality of life in women with unintended pregnancy is significantly less than the ones with wanted gestation. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the effect of intervention based on the positive psychology interventions on women's QoL with unintended pregnancies in Kermanshah, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this randomized clinical trial, 40 women with unintended pregnancy met the eligibility criteria and were randomized into experimental (n = 20) or control (n = 20) groups. The Short-form 36-item Questionnaire (SF-36) was administered at pretest, post-test, and six weeks after the intervention. Positive psychology interventions were performed in each session once a week for 10 weeks, with a duration of 90 minutes. The Friedman test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to analyze QoL and all eight domains for within-group and between-group comparisons, respectively. The level of confidence was set at 0.05 significant.

RESULTS:

Distribution of matched variables was not significantly different between the two trial groups. Over the intervention period, the mean of total scores of QoL and seven dimensions showed significant improvement among the experimental group, whereas in the control group, it decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, in the posttest and follow-up stages, the mean score of six dimensions of QoL was higher than the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

According to the results of the present study, unintended pregnancy has side effects on QoL in women. Positive counseling interventions can improve the quality of life in women with unintended pregnancy.
Online self-assessment tool in Biochemistry – A medical student's perception during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jagadeesan Anusha Raja , Neelakanta Rajeev Roy
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Online self-assessment tools have become an important asset among current teaching, learning, and assessment methods, especially among medical students. Developments in information technology and recent changes in methods of undergraduate learning, especially with the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, will provide an impetus among students to uptake this assessment tool. The study is aimed at bringing out the perception of medical students in using an online self-assessment tool in Biochemistry on the topics “Liver Function Tests” and “Renal Function Tests.”

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was an observational study conducted among 150 1st - year medical students employing an online self-assessment tool in Biochemistry, and the perception response toward the questionnaire was graded.

RESULTS:

The participation was 100%, with the perception questionnaire having a good internal validity (α = 0.847). The students' response was maximum for questions 9 and 10, which favored for provision of instantaneous feedback and application of the same tool for other topics. A positive correlation was observed between questionnaires for perceived learning and perceived engagement using the online self-assessment tool (r ± 0.554, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Self-assessment tools have an impact on the learning of students only when provided in a suitable environment such as immediate feedback and nonranking mechanisms.
Comparing the effectiveness of motivational interviewing and self-development education on type II diabetes mellitus patients’ lifestyle
Authors: Kazemi Javad , Rahmati Fatemeh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Lifestyle can play an important role in controlling type II diabetes (T2D), and a high-risk lifestyle can exacerbate its effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of motivational interviewing with self-development education on T2D patients’ lifestyle.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a quasi-experimental study in 2017–2018. The design was pretest–posttest with an active comparison group. The population of this study was T2D patients of Firouzgar and Imam Reza Hospitals in Tehran. Using targeted sampling, 80 patients were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and comparison groups. The instrument was a tool for assessing lifestyle determinants in T2D patients (determinants of lifestyle behavior questionnaire) based on the theory of planned behavior. Intervention program was initially performed, and motivational interviewing was conducted on Firouzgar Hospital's patients for 10 sessions while self-development education was conducted on Imam Reza Hospital's patients for 10 sessions (active comparison group). To analyze the data, independent t-test and Chi-square test were used.

RESULTS:

The results showed that the patients who received motivational interviewing had significant improvement in their lifestyles with a 95% confidence level at P = 0.042, compared to the patients who had been trained with self-development education.

CONCLUSION:

Motivational interviewing improves the lifestyle of T2D patients compared to self-development education. It is recommended that motivational interviewing be used to help the rehabilitation of these patients. This method helps patients control their blood sugar while improving their lifestyle.
Exploring the components of student support system in blended learning for Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences
Authors: Mohammadimehr Mojgan , Mirmoghtadaie Zohrehsadat
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Support services are a very important element for all educational institutions. The aims of this study were to explore the components of the student support system in blended learning for universities of medical sciences in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was performed qualitative with exploratory approach. The tool used to collect data was a semi-structured interview, after conducting interviews with 17 e-learning experts and specialists of universities of medical sciences, we reached information saturation. The study was conducted at Aja University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2020. Data analysis was performed as Thematic Content Analysis by Attride-Stirling method.

RESULTS:

From the content analysis of the interviews, 6 main themes and 19 sub-themes were obtained. Main themes included “Scientific- cognitive Support”, “Systematic Support”, “Human Resource Support”, “Emotional Support”, “Technical Support” and “Financial- economic Support”.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results of this study, 6 basic components and its subcomponents of the student support system were obtained. It is suggested that the educational officials of medical universities with blended learning use the results of this study in setting up their student support system for academic success in e-learning and medical students.
The effect of theory - Based educational intervention on consumption of smokeless tobacco products by merchants’ guilds
Authors: Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Alizadeh Somayeh , Alizadeh -Siuki Hadi , Sadeghi Saeedeh , Salehian Tahmineh , Zareipour Moradali
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are highly addictive and contain at least 28 carcinogenic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of theory-based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change on consumption of SLT products by Merchants’ Guilds in 2018.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present quasi-experimental research was conducted over one intervention group. The research population consisted of all consumers of the SLT products among the merchants’ guilds in Chabahar City, Iran in 2018. Data were gathered from 320 individuals by simple random sampling using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. The intervention program was designed based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change cognitive processes and lasted 6 months. After the intervention, the same questionnaires were administered among the participants. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using the descriptive and analytical tests.

RESULTS:

In the preintervention phase, the participants’ mean scores of the cognitive processes at the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages were 29.16 ± 4.63, 25.07 ± 3.84, and 12.12 ± 1.63, respectively. At the postintervention phase, mean scores of the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages reached to 40.5 ± 5.96, 38.8 ± 5.03, and 35.5 ± 4.23, respectively. Furthermore, the participants’ mean sores at the action and maintenance stages were 36.4 ± 4.57 and 43.3 ± 3.29, respectively. According to the ANOVA, a significant relationship was found between cognitive processes at the preintervention phase and stages of change (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Individuals can improve from the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation phases to the action and maintenance stages by attending based on Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change educational interventions. It is suggested that the structure of this model be used to reduce high-risk behaviors in other occupations.
Assessment of cognitive and psychomotor domains regarding biomedical waste management and hand hygiene among various categories of health-care professionals at a tertiary care center in Northern India
Authors: Rohilla Ranjana , Gupta Puneet Kumar , Narula Himanshu , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Mehta Vibha , Rao Shalinee , Gupta Jyoti , Gupta Pratima
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and costs in the health-care sector. Large proportions of HAIs are preventable by following infection prevention activities such as hand hygiene (HH) and biomedical waste management (BMWM).

AIM:

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching session on the cognitive and psychomotor domains of BMWM and HH practices in a tertiary health-care institute.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Every participant was evaluated for pretest knowledge assessment using a prestructured format along with skill demonstration. The training included interactive sessions, open discussion, and demonstration of various skills with the active participation of various participants by trained faculty and infection control nursing officers. On completion, every participant underwent posttest evaluation.

RESULTS:

During 11-month study period, 450 health-care professionals (HCPs) participated in the training program. Cognitive domain score increased from 16.3 ± 2.4 to 21.3 ± 2.0 from pre- to post-test, respectively. In psychomotor domain, pre- and post-test scores for HH were 8.3 ± 3.5 and 14.3 ± 1.4, for BMWM, the corresponding values were 8.6 ± 2.1 and 9.8 ± 0.7, respectively. Overall change in the mean (± standard deviation) score between pre- and post-test for various domains of assessment was 5.0 (±2.7), 6.0 (±3.5), 1.1 (±1.8), and 12.2 (±5.3) for knowledge, HH skill demonstration, BMW segregation skill, and cumulative assessment, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The initiation of a structured training program can result in a significant increase in participants’ cognitive and psychomotor domains of learning, which may have an indirect impact on the prevention of HAIs.
Exploring the challenges of educational accreditation of teaching hospitals and providing the solutions
Authors: Bigdeli Shoaleh , Arabshahi Seyed Kamran Soltani , Sohrabi Zohreh , Zazoly Atefeh Zabihi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

In the recent years, the accreditation of educational institutions and hospitals has attracted a lot of attention in different countries to ensure the quality of medical education. In this regard, examining the experiences of different countries will help to improve the world and local standards. This study was an attempt to explore the lived experiences of senior managers about the educational accreditation challenges and appropriate strategies to overcome these challenges.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The authors used a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of the senior managers about educational accreditation of teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to reach data saturation. For this purpose, three semi-structured face-to-face interviews and six electronic interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method.

RESULTS:

Data analysis showed that the most important challenges of educational accreditation of teaching hospitals were related to standards and criteria, executive policies of accreditation, and educational, attitudinal, and financial infrastructures. The strategies expressed by the participants were categorized into four themes including reviewing and revising standards and criteria, planning for education, providing human and financial resources, and modifying the executive structure of accreditation.

CONCLUSIONS:

In order to improve the quality of educational accreditation programs, it is necessary to identify and find a solution for the existing challenges by experiential support of the senior managers of teaching hospitals and the other stakeholders (e.g., faculty members and students). It also provides an opportunity for educational policy-makers to improve the hospital's educational accreditation program.
The effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior and self-regulatory strategies on the social vitality of women employee
Authors: Bahlgerdi Maryam , Miri Mohammadreza , Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Norozi Ensiyeh , Hosseini Tayebeh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Social vitality is one of the most important social indicators to develop a sense of public satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-regulatory strategies on the social vitality of women employee.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this randomized controlled field trial study, 66 women employees of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were selected including intervention (n = 31) and control (n = 35). Data were collected by standard Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on TPB which its the validity and reliability were confirmed. The educational intervention consisted of 5 sessions based on the constructs of the TPB and self-regulatory strategies which were to the interventional group. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of <0.05.

RESULTS:

The mean age of women in the intervention and control group was 37.1 ± 9.3 and 36.2 ± 7.6 years (P = 0.67). Model constructs and happiness scores were homogeneous (P > 0.05) before the intervention, in two group of study, but after attitude (P = 0.016), subjective norm (P = 0.029), perceived behavior control (P = 0.01), intention (P = 0.006), and happiness score (P < 0.001) had a significant increase in the intervention group. In the control group, only a significant difference occurred over time in the happiness rate (P = 0.031).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of the present study showed the effectiveness of educational intervention on the social vitality of women employees. Therefore, TPB is recommended to use in interventions to promote social vitality.
The effect of face-to-face and telephone counseling on the desire for adoption in infertile couples
Authors: Rezamahaleh Fateme Ahmadi , Khadivzadeh Talat , Asgharinekah Seyed Mohsen , Esmaeili Habibollah
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Fertility is always one of the most important functions of the family. Having a child equals growing up and entering the adult world. Adoption is one of the methods that can be considered to treat infertility. One of the duties of health professionals, especially midwives, is to advise and educate infertile people, which helps them in a way beyond medical treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of face-to-face and telephone counseling on the desire for adoption in infertile couples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was a two-group counseling intervention study that was performed on 34 infertile couples referred to Mashhad Infertility Center. Infertile couples were randomly assigned to face-to-face and telephone counseling groups. All participants completed the Adoption Adoption Questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study. Data were analyzed by spss16 software.

RESULTS:

The mean score of propensity to adopt in the face-to-face counseling group 2 weeks after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention. Furthermore, the mean score of desire for adoption in the telephone counseling group increased significantly 2 weeks after the intervention compared to before (P < 0.001). Adoption scores varied in the face-to-face counseling group at 3.15 and in the telephone counseling group at 3.23. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.885). The most common reason for not wanting to adopt was hope for self-treatment and having children (70.6% women and 67.6% men). The most common reason for accepting an adopted child was the strong need to have a child (23.5% in women and 23.5% in men).

CONCLUSION:

According to the results of this study, counseling can increase people's awareness of the conditions of adoption and thus increase the desire of people to accept the adopted child. For this reason, considering adoption counseling sessions for infertile couples who have been receiving infertility treatment for a long time but have not become pregnant can help the couple decide.
Effectiveness of early clinical exposure in medical education
Authors: Tayade Motilal Chandu , Latti Ramchandra Girimalappa
Published: April 2024

Early clinical exposure (ECE) is a teaching-learning methodology which fosters the exposure of medical students to the patients as early as the first year of medical college. A worldwide number of research studies investigated the outcome of ECE and found, ECE sessions motivate the medical student in various ways making their academic strength, improve clinical skills, and improve communication skills and making them more confident. In the medical curriculum, ECE makes an overall impact on student's performance and confidence. Planning of ECE in real-time practices can be done in different settings with the use of appropriate resources such as logbook, textbooks, notes, instruments, learning material, case record sheets, and computers. Herewith, we reviewed the scientific base responsible for these outcomes and discussed different ECE settings and their outcome. The Medical Council of India in new educational reforms made ECE sessions compulsory from 2019 in undergraduate medical curriculum. In conclusion, the challenge for health professions education is to look for ways to improve the quality of clinical education by comparing students’ understanding and modifying practices of clinical education in new circumstances. Early clinical experience will definitely play a crucial role in this context, only if proper strategies are implemented. This systemic review article highlights ECE settings and scientific basis in a theoretical way helpful for medical faculties during its implementation in regular teaching.