bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership skills perceptions in training – the EFPT perspective
Authors: Santos M. J.
Published: August 2023

Leadership in healthcare organisations is crucial to continually improve and provide adequate and quality care. Leadership development and training empower psychiatrists to develop leadership skills. Focusing on how to enhance leadership development through leadership skills training and experiential learning should be a priority.

Nonetheless, there is a perception that, throughout Europe, the acquisition of basic or more advanced leadership skills is very seldom part of the professional training.

In 2019, a Leadership Working Group (LWG) was set up within the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT). Its aim is to provide trainees an opportunity to develop their leadership skills.

This presentation will show case some of the efforts by the LWG. A special focus will be given to a European-based cross-sectional survey of needs about leadership skills training in Psychiatry aimed at ECPs, that showed that a majority of ECPs had no access to leadership skills training within curricula and that all the respondents requested it to be included in a psychiatric training program in either optional or mandatory fashion.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) among college students in Kuwait
Authors: Alansari B. M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is a psychometrically robust measure of psychological distress for adult populations, the most commonly used screening measure in the general population. It is used in epidemiological surveys globally, including the World Health Organization and World Mental Health Survey. Recently, there has been a research interest in examining the psychometric properties of the K6 in college students’ populations.

Objectives

To examine the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Arabic adaptation K6 in Kuwaiti college students.

Methods

The participants were 1402 individuals (509 males, 893 females) Kuwait University undergraduates, aged 18–35 years-old mean age = 21.50 ± 4.87. The Arabic versions of The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DASS-42, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory –BAI were administered to participants including demographics. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the (K6) with DASS-42, BDI-II, & BAI were computed.

Results

Internal consistency was satisfactory for the K6 (Cronbach’s alpha =0.80 for males & 0.79 for females). The results revealed significant gender differences in distress with a favor for females (f=8.95, p. >.003). Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that a K6 one -component solution explains %61.51 of the total variance for males and %57.23 for females. The k6 correlates with DASS Stress (r=.76), DASS Depression (r=.57), DASS Anxiety (r=0.76), BAI (r=.73) and BDI-II (r=46).

Conclusions

The K6 provides satisfactory validation, and can be recommended as a measure of distress among Arab college students.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Personality traits among Moroccan officials in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra Region
Authors: Drissi E. , azzaoui F. Z. , Hami H. , Ahami A. , Boulbaroud S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Public servants, because of the nature of their work, are under tremendous pressure. Hence the need to study the dominant personality traits within this sample.

Objectives

Demonstrate the domination of certain personality dimensions over others in this population.

The aim of this research is to study the five major personality traits in a sample of officials in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra Region, Morocco.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that involved 387 individuals, including 55.8% (n=216) Male and 44.2% (n=171) Female with an average age of 32.75± 9.79. The personality traits were assessed using the Big Five test.

Results

The results show that, 76.74% of our study subjects have a high score of Agreeableness, while 23.26% have a low score. 59.69% of our sample has a high score in Extravesion, while 40.31% have a low one. Slight increase in the percentage that has a high score in Neurosis compared to those that have a low score with 51.94% and 48.06%. 78.29% of our sample have a high Consciousness score, while 21.71% have a low one. Concerning Openness, 79.84% of the participants have a high score and only 20.16 have a low score.

Conclusions

This study sample is characterized by the dominance of three main traits, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness. Moreover, this study has shed light on the fact that the Neurosis trait is dominant in almost half of our sample. However, considering this study concerned only one region, it would be interesting to widen the geography of the survey to acquire more exhaustive results.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Psychoanalysis, Philosophy and Literature- Intersection of Science and Art
Authors: Kolar D. , Kolar M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Philosophy and psychoanalysis have mutually influenced each other in many ways. Ancient Greek philosophers, Socrates and Plato were frequently cited by Freud in his works and the origins of certain psychoanalytic concepts can be found in their works. The philosophical works of Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Husserl, Sartre and many others had a significant impact on the development of psychoanalytic ideas. The intersection of philosophy and literature was best depicted in Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of the metaphysical novel.

Objectives

The goal of this presentation is to perform a comprehensive historical review of the relationship between psychoanalysis, philosophy and literature.

Methods

Different philosophical schools from ancient philosophy to classic German philosophy and philosophy of existentialism have been explored in their relationship with psychoanalysis and world literature. Among world literary classics, we selected only those who best represent the role of psychoanalysis in the modern literary critics and on the other hand the influence of philosophy on literature.

Results

Early origins of the relationship between philosophy, psychoanalysis and literature can be found in the text of ancient philosophers and writers. The great Sophocles’ tragic drama Oedipus the King was the foundation for Freud’s concept of Oedipus complex. The Socratic dialogue, a technique best elaborated by his student Plato was the antecedent of modern psychotherapy. Later in history philosophical works of Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre and many others had a significant impact on the development of psychoanalytic ideas. There is a number of other philosophical fictions in the world literature written by Sartre, Camus, Kafka, Proust and many others and some of these literary woks may have characteristics of psychological novel as well. Literary critics is an important field for the application of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic theory has been always in forefront of Shakespearean studies. Marcel Proust is a writer who gave a significant contribution to modern literary studies. He wrote about the interactive process between the reader and text and emotional impact of reading. Proust recognized the similar psychological processes that we can see in psychoanalytic setting.

Conclusions

This comprehensive historical review of the relationship between psychoanalysis, philosophy and literature demonstrates that all these disciplines have much in common, particularly in their intention to approach truth from different angles. Psychoanalysis is a science and applies scientific methodology in its theory and treatment. Certain branches of psychoanalysis like Jung’s analytic psychology are sometimes closer to philosophy and art than to science. Philosophy as a humanistic discipline has always been in between science and art.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
A Systematic Review of the Effect of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Programs for Nurses
Authors: Yoo I. , Park J. , Choi S. , Kim Y. , Lee H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Nurses are at an increased risk for work-related stress resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They are susceptible due to frequent exposure to traumatic situations providing care for patients.

Objectives

The purpose of this systematic review is to comprehensively review the content and characteristics of intervention programs for reducing the post-traumatic stress of nurses or nursing students, providing a basis for developing a standardized protocol for programs to promote the integrated health of nurses and protect them from stress events in clinical environments.

Methods

This is a systematic review. Participants (P) targeted nurses or nursing students; Intervention (I) included intervention programs for reducing post-traumatic stress; Comparison (C) was control groups provided with usual or no interventions ; and Outcomes (O) referred to changes in physical or emotional reactions toward post-traumatic stress. Two researchers searched four databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE with keywords such as “nurse,” “post-trumatic stress disorder,” “program,” and “intervention”. A total of 7,523 studies were searched and 10 studies were included for final analysis (Image 1). The Risk of Bias2 (Image 2) and the Risk of Bias for Non-randomized Study I (Image 3) were used to evaluate the quality the included studies.

Results

The number of studies is increasing, with four studies published before 2020, and six studies published since, of which three in 2022. Definitions of trauma situations to which nurses are exposed included diverse elements such as patient death, workplace violence, the COVID-19 pandemic, and complex trauma experiences due to working environments. Most studies have provided multiple intervention sessions, which is appropriate considering the characteristics of PTSD. Most studies examined the secondary effects on mental health such as anxiety, depression, and burnout caused by stress rather than evaluating stress itself. The quality of the study was generally highly biased. The risk of bias increased for the two randomized controlled trials in terms of measurement outcomes and outcome description. The other eight non-randomized studies all included a self-reporting questionnaire of participants, leading to a risk of bias in terms of measurement outcomes.

Image:

Image 2:

Image 3:

Conclusions

Studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of interventions given heightened concerns about PTSD in nurses. However, the concept of the trauma experienced by nurses was not integrally defined, and information on interventions was often limited. Efforts are required to improve the quality of research in terms of experimental study design.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
THE POTENTIAL USE OF INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN AS EARLY PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION FOR POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Authors: Magalhães M. A. L. , Andrade M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by an exaggerated fear responses (FA) which fails to extinguish over time and cannot be inhibited in safe contexts. Studies report that traumatic experiences (TE) affect hormonal systems mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the oxytocinergic system. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neurohormone produced in the hypothalamus that has social functions like the promotion of prosocial and affiliative behaviors, increased self-confidence and positive social memories. In PTSD there is a diminished inhibitory top-down control over the FA, which is characterized by amygdala hyperactivity, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) hypoactivity and diminished structural and functional connectivity between both areas, which results in anxiety increase and dysregulated autonomic and endocrine FA. In parallel, TE decrease the synthesis and release of OXT, resulting in the dysfunction of the negative feedback mechanism on the HPA, leading to hypercortisolemia and maximizing the response to a stressful stimulus. Previous studies report that the administration of OXT can reduce cortisol levels as well as attenuating amygdala hyperactivity and normalizing the connectivity of this structure with frontal areas, diminishing the FA. Therefore, OXT has been investigated as a potential therapeutic agent administered intranasally early after trauma as a strategy to prevent PTDS on individuals having high risk.

Objectives

The aim of this work is to review the potential of intranasal OXT administration as early preventive intervention for PTSD.

Methods

Systematic review of the literature published in Pubmed, using the terms “Oxytocin”, “Post-traumatic Stress Disorder”, “Stress”.

Results

Studies found significant associations between TE and OXT and report that TE and PTSD are strongly associated with reductions in OXT. Literature report that the acute effects of OXT administrations in individuals with TE tend to be anxiolytic only in less severe forms, by modulating the HPA axis and the autonomic nervous system. Moreover, in recent TE, OXT seems to increase the re-experience of traumas and restore the function of different networks associated with fear control in PTSD patients. FMRI studies indicate that intranasal OXT attenuates amygdala hyperactivity and enhances amygdala´s connectivity with vmPFC, resulting in increased control over the FA. Finally, studies report that a single oxytocin administration increases neuronal fear processing but repeated administration reduces PTSD symptoms up to 6 months post trauma in patients with high acute symptoms.

Conclusions

Repeated administration of intranasal oxytocin early after trauma seems to diminish the acute symptoms in early stages of PTDS, being a potential pharmacological strategy to prevent PTDS in individuals at high risk by increasing the control of FA.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF ATTENTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIORAL EXPRESSIONS IN ADULTS WITH ADHD SYMPTOMS
Authors: Carreiro L. R. R. , Paes I. T. , Silva M. M. M. , Seabra A. G.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which begins in childhood and often persists into adulthood. ADHD has a heterogeneous expression with diversity in behavioral symptoms, cognitive deficits, and comorbidities. So, it is possible to consider it a spectrum with different losses.

Objectives

To describe clusters of multiple neuropsychological, attentional, and behavioral measures in adults with symptoms of ADHD. It could help to seek new directions to examine heterogeneity from a dimensional approach to ADHD.

Methods

120 adults between 18 and 52 years old (m= 29.5) with ADHD symptoms participated in this study. Performance indices on computerized neuropsychological tests of attention (voluntary, automatic, temporal, and sustained), behavioral self-report scales for ADHD (ASRS-18), impulsivity (BIS-11) executive dysfunction (BDEFS), and functionality, emotional and behavioral problems (Adult Self-Report - ASR of ASEBA) were analyzed. Cluster analysis processed the data to find subgroups based on the scores of instruments. The NbClust tested the best number of clusters that converge to a solution.

Results

The 3 clusters solution was obtained by comparing Z scores for each indicator. In cluster 1, the ADHD symptoms were equivalent but expressed more hyperactivity than in other clusters. Also, higher levels of functional impairments and executive dysfunctions (motivation, emotional regulation, and anxiety/depression) were identified. In the attentional neuropsychological tasks, the indices express a lower level. Cluster 2 expressed a higher level of inattention and attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, and functional impairments in the academic, professional, and legal risk areas. Cluster 3 was the subgroup with the lowest level of symptoms of ADHD.

Conclusions

This study identified differences in performances that contribute to understanding the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional expressions of ADHD. Three groups of different prejudices levels should be considered in the development of evaluative models in new studies to consider the spectrum of ADHD.

Financial support: FAPESP [grant 2019/20757-5, 2019/21773-4, 2020/14800-2]; CAPES Proex [grant 0426/2021, 23038.006837/2021-73]; Mackpesquisa; CNPq [grant 307443/2019-1]

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Neural circuit mapping of waiting impulsivity and proactive inhibition with convergent evidence from fMRI and TMS
Authors: Skandali N. , Baek K. , Sallie S. , Sonkusare S. , Mandali A. , Ritou V. , Caesaro V. , Caesaro V. , Voon V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Waiting and stopping are essential and distinct elements of appropriate behavioral control with its dysfunction implicated in various impulsivity related mental disorders. Although rodent and human studies have investigated both phenomena, the role of preparing to stop in waiting impulsivity has rarely been investigated. Furthermore, convergent evidence from multi-modal investigation tools remains a poorly utilized approach in addressing such questions.

Objectives

Here, we conducted two separate, but hierarchical studies, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural circuit involved in waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping, and subsequently provide mechanistic and causal evidence of disruption of this circuit by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In the second study, based on our fMRI study data, we attempted to investigate possible causation between the LIFG and waiting impulsivity by modulating LIFG, i.e. non-invasively producing a “virtual lesion” with an inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol called continuous theta burst stimulation

Methods

We recruited 41 healthy volunteers who performed an adapted version (1CSRT) of the well-established 5 choice serial reaction time task to capture waiting impulsivity. We developed a novel task measuring proactive inhibition. We scanned participants while completing these two tasks. Our fMRI data showed a strong association between LIFG activity and waiting impulsivity on the 1CSRT task. We conducted a single-blind, randomized, between-subjects design of cTBS of the LIFG on a sample of 51 healthy volunteers who completed an adapted version of the 1CSRT task (2CSRT task). Our a priori hypothesis was that cTBS would transiently decrease local cortical activity of the LIFG and increase the frequency of premature responses on both fixed and delayed cue-target interval trials on the 2CSRT task.

Results

We first show a shared neural network comprising the pre-supplementary motor area and bilateral anterior insula underlying both waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping. We further demonstrate activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) negatively correlated with waiting impulsivity in trials with additional target onset delay. We demonstrate active stimulation significantly increased waiting impulsivity.

Conclusions

In these two studies, we validated a novel task measuring proactive inhibition. We further validated the significance of task structure for assessing distinct aspects of impulsivity, which is of translational interest. We further established a causal role of lIFG for waiting impulsivity thus highlighting the integrity of LIFG and related neural circuitry required in waiting impulsivity.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Integration of mental health topics in medical postgraduate specialties programms in 50 countries
Authors: Heinze G.
Published: August 2023

The prolongation of life expectancy has considerably increased the prevalence of chronic diseases and therefore the concomitant presence of these, this usually predicts a more reserved prognosis for both conditions and can lead to greater complications, more complex treatments (4,5) and therefore more expensive and with considerable delays in recovery.(6)

The comorbidity of physical and mental illnesses is common, as both are often interrelated.

One of the ways to ensure handling comprehensive and personalized comorbidity should be detected especially at the first level of care for timely treatment, It is the inclusion of mental health topics in the curricula of doctors in training in a specialty.

Objective

Establish which programs of the medical and surgical specialties include topics related to mental health in their academic training, in order to strengthen the recovery process of patients

Methods

A descriptive study of the academic programs of Medical specialization in 50 countries. The questions we asked ourselves were:

1.

What medical specialties contain mental health topics in their training program?

How many medical specialties have included the following mental health topics in their regular graduate program: affective disorders, anxiety disorders, psychosomatic disorders, substance use disorders, violence and palliative care?

What other mental health topics are included in the different medical specialties?

Discussion

The results obtained indicate the importance of mental health in different states of physical health and especially to be taken into account by decision makers in health policies. Comorbidity in current medicine should be taken into consideration more objectively and thus favor the reduction of the suffering of the sick person. We know that an associated mental and physical condition can give atypical presentations that hinder diagnosis, clinical severity, and response to treatment and therefore may lead to increased utilization of health services. However, the fragmentation of medicine into increasingly limited specialties restricts the ability to see the patient holistically and therefore the decrease in the quality of medical care, increase in costs and delay in the recovery process.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Street play, wellbeing and mental health from childhood into adulthood
Authors: Nesbit R. , FitzGibbon L. , Dodd H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is growing interest in the role of children’s play in supporting children’s mental health. Children’s opportunitities for play vary according to the space available to them for play, with more adventurous play happening outdoors (Dodd et al., 2021). The area close to children’s home, such as the street outside their home, can provide an important play space but, with increasing traffic, there has been a decrease in the use of local streets for play over the past generation or two. At the same time we have seen significant increases in children’s mental health problems.

Objectives

Our objectives were: 1) to examine how trends in street play have changed over time; 2) to examine how children’s self-reported wellbeing is associated with their use of streets for play; 3) to examine how adult mental health is associated with their childhood street play experiences.

Methods

Working in collaboration with Save the Children and Play England, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1000 children and young people aged 6-16 years, 1000 adults aged 18+ and 1000 parents of children aged 6-16 years about children’s play in their local area and their memories of play during their own childhood. All participants also completed measures of wellbeing (children) or mental health (adults). Participants were recruited from Great Britian.

Results

We found striking differences in the use of streets and local areas for play. For example, across all adults, 62% told us that they regularly played out in their street or area close to home as a child. In contrast 27% of children told us that they regularly play out now. By breaking down the proportion of participants who said they regularly played in their street or local area by their age group, their is a clear decline in outdoor street play over the past 70 years. We asked children about their wellbeing using the Stirling Children’s Wellbeing Scale. Children who said that they regularly played out in their street had higher levels of positive emotion but this was only true for children under 13 years. Adults who told us that they regularly played out in their street or area close to their home as a child had better mental health as adults (lower scores on the K6). Similarly, adults who told us that there was freedom for children to go and explore in the neighbourhood they lived in as a child had better mental health as adults.

Conclusions

Taken together these findings suggest that being able to play in the street or area close to home is linked to wellbeing during childhood and early adolescence and further, that having these expriences during childhood may be beneficial for mental health into adulthood. This indicates that when considering how to support the development of good mental health we should keep in mind the importance of children’s opportunities for play and the role that access to their local enviornment plays in supporting play.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Dispositional Optimism in Christian Populations Compared to other Religious Groups: a Scoping Review
Authors: Cheung W. W. L. , Liu C. , Tsang V. W. L.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There are various ways people cope with life events. One can expect generalized positive or negative outcomes across various life domains, called dispositional optimism. This can be explained by attribution theory: how people explain past events, their causations, and outcomes. Understanding attribution styles is important to help people reframe current circumstances and improve mental wellbeing. Our hypothesis is that people of different religious groups may exhibit various levels of optimism and pessimism based on their values, teachings, and practices. Previous research has found that people of Christian faith, or those with a religious faith in general, look to their religion as a way of coping during life adversities. Certain religious practices such as prayers and Church gatherings have been found to improve mental health through increasing dispositional optimism. While the relationship between religiosity and mental health has been previously examined in different religious populations, there are few studies that focused on comparing this relationship across religions.

Objectives

The objective of this scoping review is to understand the link between religiosity and mental health, focusing primarily on how people of the Christian religion demonstrate dispositional optimism or pessimism when coping with adverse life events, compared to other religious groups or atheists.

Methods

This scoping review included original peer reviewed study articles that studied mental health in terms of dispositional optimism or pessimism in people of Christian religion compared to other religious groups. This review used online databases, Ovid MEDLINE and PsycInfo, and used extraction tables to analyze the results of past research.

Results

The results of this scoping review revealed that people of Christian religion, especially those high in religiosity, use their religion as a method of coping. This population also showed higher dispositional optimism compared to atheists or those that believe in other religions. However, when compared to other religions such as Buddhism and Muslim, Christian populations showed lower dispositional optimism.

Conclusions

It is evident that religious involvement is linked to aspects of mental health, but comparing the effects of different religions is still a topic of exploration that can be investigated further to allow deeper understanding of their similarities and differences, as well as the mechanisms by which religion can affect mental health. In this review, a gap in the body of knowledge regarding the relationship between religion and pessimism was revealed. Future research directions could include examining whether dispositional pessimism varies across religious groups, as it does not necessarily have a perfectly inverse relationship with optimism.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Is physical activity related to a reduction in the severity of borderline personality disorder through less severe insomnia disorder?
Authors: Krieger V. , St-Amour S. , Bernard P. , Cailhol L.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with severe suffering and insomnia disorder (ID) (Fertuck et al., 2016; Galbiati et al., 2020).

Objectives

The aim was to investigate the negative association between self-reported physical activity (PA) and the severity of BPD with ID acting as a mediator (St-Amour et al., 2021).

Methods

The role of ID within the association of PA with BPD was tested using mediation analysis with the statistical program R 4.3 (N = 120; RStudio Team, 2020).

Results

Table 1

Mediation analysis results

βsetpLLCIULCIEffect a0.070.051.460.15-0.030.17Effect b0.410.094.60< 0.0010.230.59Effect c0.110.052.160.030.010.21Effect c’0.080.051.700.09-0.010.17

Note: β = beta coefficients; se = standard error; t = t-value; p = p-value; LLCI = lower limit confidence interval; ULCI = upper limit confidence interval. Effect c’: The association within the mediation analysis is not significant (β = 0.08, se = 0.05, p = 0.09). Effect a: PA is not significantly associated with ID (β = 0.07, se = 0.05, p = 0.15). Effect b and c: ID (β = 0.41, se = 0.09, p < 0.001) and PA (β = 0.11, se = 0.05, p = 0.03) are significantly associated with the severity of BPD.

Image:

Conclusions

Accordingly, ID does not appear to affect the association of PA and BPD severity whereas fewer PA and severe ID can nonetheless have a positive association with the symptoms of BPD in independent ways.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Online Social Support and Trait Anxiety and Phubbing in Nurses
Authors: Şafak A. , Oflaz F.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Phubbing with smartphones becoming an integral part of life and sociotelism behavior has emerged as an important academic concern (Chotpitayasunondh et al.,CHB,2016; 63, 9-18). Expectation of social support in social networks: It can be defined as “When the individual is emotionally intense, he/she shares about this situation and emotions and expects to be paid attention to, sincere and friendly approach from the people on social networking sites, and hopes that an environment of support and trust will be created with social networks by seeing that he/she is not alone with more emotional support.” (Uzakgiden et. al., JASR 2019;2 20-24)

In the nursing profession, in addition to using the internet for professional requirements, being a member of online social networking sites and spending time on these platforms are increasing.It is important to know the status of phubbing, which damages face-to-face communication understand its effect on patient-nurse communication and nurses communication within the team. Due to the intensity of work life in the nursing profession and the length of hours spent at work, the effort to meet the need for social support virtually may increase phubbing behavior.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship among phubbing, online social support and trait anxiety, and the related factors in nurses.

Methods

The population of the research consists of nurses who actively use their social media accounts. Nurses were accessed by snowball method on online Whatsapp groups, Instagram and Facebook platforms through a digital survey between May and November 2021. Data collected by using an individual descriptive characteristics form, generic scale of phubbing, online social support scale, trait anxiety inventory. Mann-Whitney
U, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, t-test and pearson correlation coefficient was used for data analysis.

Results

The phubbing scores of the nurses ranged from 15 to 98; the trait anxiety levels of the nurses were at a moderate level. It was observed that marital status, presence of WhatsApp groups with teammates, and being warned about the frequency of phone use from teammates was related to phubbingg (p<0.001). There was a positive moderate correlation between the phubbing score and the online social support score; a weak positive correlation was found between the general phubbing score and the trait anxiety score.

Conclusions

It was determined that social support from social media significantly affected the phubbing behavior of nurses and that trait anxiety mediated this relationship. In future studies, researchers can conduct extensive research on the effect of sociotelism on nurse-patient communication and care. This study was also important in terms of making significant contributions to the literature, where there are only a limited number of studies on phubbing.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The effect of maternal prenatal cannabis exposure on offspring preterm birth: a cumulative meta-analysis
Authors: Adema B. D. , Dachew B. , Pereira G. , Alati R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Mixed results have been reported on the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth.

Objectives

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth.

Methods

This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a comprehensive search of the literature on the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Psych-INFO, and Web of Science. The revised version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. Inverse variance weighted random effects cumulative meta-analysis was undertaken to pool adjusted odds ratios (AOR) after sequential inclusion of each newly published study over time. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) limits required for a new study to move the cumulative odds ratio to the null were also computed.

Results

A total of 27 observational studies published between 1986 and 2022 were included in the final cumulative meta-analysis. The sample size of the studies ranged from 304 to 4.83 million births. Prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth [pooled Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24-1.48]. The stability threshold was 0.74 (95%CI limit 0.81) by the end of 2022.

Conclusions

Offspring exposed to maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with higher risk of preterm birth and it is strongly unlikely that any new epidemiological studies will change this conclusion. It is also plausible that avoiding cannabis intake during the prenatal period can reduce the risk of preterm birth.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Post-electroconvulsive therapy cognitive alterations
Authors: Douk K. , Belabess I. , Belbachir S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

ectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment most often used for patients with severe major depression or bipolar disorder who have not responded to other treatments, as well as for resistant schizophrenia, and consists of brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia. It is usually administered by a team of trained health care professionals, including a psychiatrist, an anesthesiologist and a nurse or physician assistant.

The mode of action is not well known, but it is assumed that ECT is associated with a significant reduction in brain connections in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is associated with a significant decrease in depressive symptoms. This would support the hypothesis that hyper-connectivity in this area of the brain is closely linked to depression.

Despite its great effectiveness, this technique remains limited by numerous contraindications and exposes the patient to a multitude of short-, medium- and long-term side effects, notably cognitive disorders.

Objectives

To shed light on the cognitive disorders affecting mnesic processes, learning and thinking after electroconvulsive therapy.

Methods

We have performed a systematic literature review using the following keywords on the GoogleScholar database: cognitive impairment post electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy, electroconvulsive side effects, ECT.

Results

Most of the studies on cognitive disorders after ECT have focused on mnesic abilities, in particular the deterioration of anterograde memory which is at its maximum just after the session and which recovers progressively and spontaneously. The deterioration of retrograde memory, on the other hand, depends on the administered dose, the type and the location of the electrodes, and has a greater tendency to affect recent memories than old ones.

Other studies have focused on the speed of the process of information, which is also affected, with a significant decrease, especially in depressed people, a decrease that can be progressively resolved with time. Concerning attentiveness, some studies have noted a minimal decrease, especially in the lateral visual fields, and a perseveration in verbal expression. These studies also noted a deterioration of executive functions with a decrease in performance on the STROOP and MTM tests and also in verbal fluency.

Conclusions

The occurrence and preservation of cognitive deficits after ECT is a much debated subject with many controversial studies, and despite the numerous studies on this subject, we are still far from conclusive and exploitable results, especially with the intricacy of the diversity of parameters, materials and techniques of ECT, and also because of other factors such as individual peculiarities, neurological co-morbidities, and polymedication to psychotropic drugs.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The cognitive impairments of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Mellaci M. E. G. , Mellaci E. G. , Vieira M. E. B.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most controversial treatments in medicine, mainly because of its still unknown mechanism of action and uncertainty about cognitive side effects. ECT is used mainly when antidepressant medications do not result in an adequate response in severe depression, and may also be indicated for other disorders. During the acute phase after electroconvulsive therapy there are better cognitive outcomes with unilateral ECT compared to bilateral ECT.

Objectives

This literature review aims to analyze the validity of electroconvulsive therapy despite the cognitive impairment and effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy.

Methods

The method used was a literary review based on articles published in Scielo and Pubmed. Eighteen electronic articles in English were used in a 10-year time frame, using the term electroconvulsive therapy as descriptors in the title, as well as cognitive impairment in all fields.

Results

We observed that older individuals benefit the most from ECT, with faster response rates and higher remission rates in rapid responders, on the other hand they have a higher risk of cognitive side effects induced by electroconvulsive therapy. Anterograde and retrograde amnesia usually resolve within months. Recovery from retrograde amnesia may be incomplete, resulting in permanent amnesia for events that occurred close to the time of ECT. Right-sided or bilateral electroconvulsive therapy was more effective in treating depression than left-sided. Patients who used right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy had less impairment of verbal memory and post-ictal recovery and faster reorientation compared to left unilateral and bilateral, whereas left unilateral ECT showed a smaller decline in visual memory and non-verbal tests. Bilateral ECT is more effective and faster acting, but is associated with more cognitive impairments compared to unilateral ECT.

Conclusions

We can conclude that ECT is an effective, safe and tolerable treatment, which results in faster and higher remission rates compared to treatment alone with pharmacotherapy. Cognitive effects are largely transient, usually ending within three months. The decision to use unilateral right, left, or bilateral ECT should be made individually for the patient and should be based on a careful assessment of the relative priorities of efficacy versus minimizing cognitive impairment.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Psychodynamic psychotherapy for schizophrenia spectrum disoders: a case presentation and systematic review
Authors: Kjær J. N. , Rosenbaum B.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Psychodynamic psychotherapy emphasizes the unique history, subjectivity, and psychological complexity of each individual. The core principles in the psychodynamic treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) includes a stable (yet flexible) frame; attention to countertransference; and clarification of experiences, emotions, and relationships including giving psychotic symptoms context in internal and external object relationships.

Objectives

This study has two aims. First, to present the progress of a patient with chronic schizophrenia treated with psychodynamic psychotherapy. Second, to provide a systematic review of comparative trials that have included psychodynamic psychotherapy as treatment for SSD.

Methods

The case presentation includes information from the therapist’s notes, video footage, and the electronic health record. The systematic review will be conducted in November and December, 2022, and in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo will be searched for literature.

Results

L, a 25-year-old woman, was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia five years prior to starting psychodynamic psychotherapy at an outpatient unit for SSD. L grew up with a close relationship with her mother, father, and sister. She was bullied in school and clearly remembered being told by her classmates that she was “just L”. When therapy began L had been living with her boyfriend for six months. Voice hallucinations were one of the most interfering symptoms. The most present voice, M, was both her best friend and worst enemy. During psychotic breakdowns M could take control of L’s body. L was incapable of making her own decisions. Small and big decisions were consulted with a family member or the hallucinatory voices. L attended 33 psychotherapy sessions from October, 2020 to November, 2021. In the first six months, sessions were weekly and afterwards biweekly due to L feeling significantly better and she wanted to have more time to study. L benefitted from the structure and clarifying questions from the therapist. Most notably, she broke up with her boyfriend. She started dating and found a new boyfriend. At this point the voice hallucinations and psychotic breakdowns were reduced considerably. In the termination phase the themes were feeling insecure, relationships, and how having been bullied affected her as an adult.

Results from the systematic review are not available at the time of submission.

Conclusions

In the present case, psychodynamic psychotherapy was an effective treatment of psychotic symptoms as well as childhood trauma and interpersonal conflicts for an individual with paranoid schizophrenia. It speaks for a broad application of psychodynamic psychotherapy in the treatment of SSD as the therapy both assesses and treats psychotic and non-psychotic symptoms.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Risk Management Project on medication reconciliation within an acute psychiatric unit in Ireland.
Authors: Curtin A.-M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Medication Reconciliation is the formal process for creating the most comprehensive and accurate list of a patient’s current medications and comparing the list to those in the patient notes and medication record. Medication Reconciliation is a time-consuming process and numerous errors can occur during the admission, inpatient stay, transfer and discharge of a patient. Errors in this process can lead to serious clinical outcomes for the patient.

Objectives

The main aim for undertaking this project is to reduce the risk of medication errors during the admission process, inpatient stay, transfer, and discharge. The ultimate goal of this project is to obtain 100% compliance regarding complete medication reconciliation.

Methods

Two audits were completed in an Irish Acute Psychiatric Unit in May 2021 and February 2022. Ten inpatient clinical notes and corresponding medication records were reviewed. The three stages of Medication Reconciliation were audited. Stage 1 involved collecting the data. This included reviewing all medication information sources on admission and then documenting the Best Possible Medication History. Stage 2 involved confirming the accuracy of the medication history by verifying with one or more sources (e.g. General Practioner, Community Mental Health Team, Pharmacy). Stage 3 involved comparing the Best Possible Medication History with the Precribed Medication List in the patient’s Kardex. A Medication Safety workshop was provided for all psychiatric trainees and consultants within the service and the guidelines regarding the importance of medication reconciliation were discussed.

Results

ResultsMay 2021Feb 2022Medication list in Initial Assessment document90%90%Medication Reconciliation completed in Kardex60%70%Source of Medication reconciliation documented100%100%

Conclusions

The audit results demonstrate that there has been an improvement in medication reconciliation during the nine-month period. To obtain 100% compliance, the service needs to continue to highlight the importance of medication reconciliation practise amongst all medical staff through clinical practice, teaching sessions and regular audits.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared