bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural evolution and microwave dielectric properties of CaTiO3–La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 ceramics
Authors: Song Xiao‐Qiang , Yin Chang‐Zhi , Zou Zheng‐Yu , Yang Jia‐Qing , Zeng Fang‐Fang , Wu Jia‐Min , Shi Yu‐Sheng , Lu Wen‐Zhong , Lei Wen
Published: July 2022

(1 − x)CaTiO3–xLa(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 (CT–LMN; x = 0–1.0) solid solutions were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. A phase transition from a disordered orthorhombic (Pbnm) structure to a 1:1 ordered monoclinic (P21/n) structure was observed when x increased from 0.5 to 0.6. Some new parameters, such as ionic polarizability in a polyhedron and ionic packing fraction in a polyhedron, were defined to explain the structure–property relationships of CT–LMN ceramics based on the Rietveld refinement results. The measured dielectric constant (εr‐mea) decreased monotonically with B‐site ionic polarizability in the [BO6] octahedron () when the x value increased from 0 to 1.0. The quality factor (Qf) was dominated by the packing fraction of B‐site cations in the [BO6] octahedron (PF[B]), and both presented an increasing trend. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) decreased from +588.5 to −79.7 ppm/°C, and it was highly correlated to the tolerance factor (t), and PF[B]. The highest Qf value is obtained at x = 1.0 when sintered at 1600°C for 10 h with εr = 23.65 ± 0.2, Qf = 33517 ± 2000 GHz (@7.8 GHz), and τf = −79.7 ± 2.0 ppm/°C. Moreover, a near‐zero τf value was achieved at x = 0.4 with εr = 43.52 ± 0.2, Qf = 17239 ± 2000 GHz (@5.2 GHz), and τf = −10.2 ± 2.0 ppm/°C.
The relationship between serum adipokine fibroblast growth factor‐21 and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jia Xiaojiao , Bai Liwei , Ma Ning , Lu Qiang
Published: July 2022

Aims/Introduction

To explore the differences of serum fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF‐21) levels in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to analyze the relationship between FGF‐21 and glucose and lipid metabolic indicators, leptin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP‐4) and adiponectin in GDM, in order to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of GDM.

Materials and Methods

Total of 120 women were included, and divided into normal glucose tolerance group (58 cases) and GDM group (62 cases) according to the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test results. General information were recorded; height, weight and blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids, insulin, FGF‐21, leptin, RMP‐4, and adiponectin were measured, and body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment‐IR, homeostasis model assessment‐β and area under glucose curve were calculated. The t‐test, Pearson analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the differences and related factors of FGF‐21 in GDM.

Results

The pre‐pregnancy BMI, pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy and FGF‐21 levels were higher in GDM group, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in leptin, RBP‐4 and adiponectin. Correlation analysis suggested that FGF‐21 level was correlated with age, pre‐pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, RBP‐4 and adiponectin, and the results of multiple linear regression showed that serum FGF‐21 was related to pre‐pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, leptin, RBP‐4 and adiponectin in GDM.

Conclusions

There were higher serum FGF‐21 levels in GDM, which might be related to pre‐pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, leptin, RBP‐4 and adiponectin.
You're joking: Exploring humour and humiliation as forms of shame and obstetric violence within medical encounters
Authors: Smith‐Oka Vania
Published: July 2022

Despite medical guidelines delineating respect towards patients, many encounters between patients and clinicians are problematic, in which patients feel disrespected, unheard, shamed or abused. This article uses an anthropological lens to focus on the imbrication of humour and humiliation as forms of shame and obstetric violence within obstetric encounters. Humour as a form of speech play creates a substrate for the occurrence of humiliation and shaming of obstetric patients. Humour enhances patients' feelings of shame, making them vulnerable to verbal and physical forms of obstetric violence. Ethnographic methods of observation and interviews were performed in two hospitals in the Mexican city of Puebla to uncover clinicians' perceptions and narratives about their patients as problematic others. Narratives about patient worth underscored interactions. Humour and humiliation were centrally present within these interactions. Ultimately, both humour and humiliation functioned as shaming mechanisms that increased the presence of obstetric violence in these encounters. The article examines whether an understanding of shame can improve clinical practice and concludes with implications to clinical practice.
The role of cytokines and vitamin D in vitiligo pathogenesis
Authors: Beyzaee Amir Mohammad , Goldust Mohamad , Patil Anant , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Beyzaee Samira
Published: July 2022

Vitiligo is a pigment‐related disease with a global prevalence of 0.2% to 1.8% associated with considerable burden on quality of life. The treatment is still a challenge because of relapses and/or incomplete re‐pigmentation. Although the exact cause is still unclear, its pathogenesis seems to be justifiable with the autoimmune theory, supported by the results of clinical research. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the evidence related to cytokines and vitiligo development. This review is consisted of English articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar concerning levels of inflammatory mediators, especially interleukins, in vitiligo patients over the last 20 years. References of relevant articles were also considered for review. Crucial role of dysregulated levels of interleukins and their synergistic function to each other, in the onset or progression of the disease is evident. The theory of autoimmune vitiligo is reinforced by the results of the studies in the literature, due to the association of pathogenesis with increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory mediators and reduction of anti‐inflammatory mediators. Decreased vitamin D levels may have a considerable role in vitiligo development by affecting Th1‐ and Th17‐related immune responses. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis or progression of the disease. Moreover, we believe that decreased vitamin D level has a considerable role in vitiligo development by affecting Th1‐ and Th17‐related immune responses.
A comparative study of clinical leadership needs analysis (CLeeNa) as perceived by nurses
Authors: Mrayyan Majd T.
Published: July 2022

Aims

This study aimed to analyse nurses' perceptions of clinical leadership needs and compare their differences based on the sample's characteristics. Also, it aimed to compare nurses' perceptions of clinical leadership needs between nurses and nurse managers.

Background

Various professional organisations have identified the need to develop clinical leaders. Clinical leadership is about having clinical expertise in specialised fields and having professionals involved in clinical care. However, worldwide, little emphasis is placed on the clinical leadership needs of nurses.

Methods

Using STROBE (https://www.strobe‐statement.org/index.php?id=available‐checklists), a cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2020 using a purposive sample of 349 Jordanian nurses who were surveyed using the CLeeNA instrument. Different descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The response rate in the current study was 69.8%.

Results

The 7‐point CleeNa scale was reduced into 3 categories 1 = “not important (1–3),” 2 = “Neutral (4)” and 3 = “highly important (5–7).” The total mean score of perceived CleeNa was 2.61(SD = 0.50) indicating “very important.” The highest perceived mean score of the subscales was for “leadership and clinical practice.” In contrast, the lowest perceived mean score of the subscales was “financial and service management.” The total mean scores of perceived CleeNa were higher among married nurses, nurse managers, those who have a master degree or more, aged 35 years or more, had more than 4 years of nursing experience or/and more than 4 years of leadership experience, supervised more than 10 employees and were working in teaching hospitals. The total mean scores of perceived CleeNa scale and subscales of staff and team development, patient safety and risk management, and perceived standards of care were higher among nurse managers when compared with nurses.

Conclusion and relevance to clinical practice

Results indicated that innovative clinical leaders are needed. A paucity of research identifies the extent to which clinical leadership is enacted in clinical nursing practice. Developing a clinical leadership programme is warranted to contribute positively to nurses' leadership roles and outcomes, patients' outcomes, and in turn, organisational outcomes.
Nurse‐led telephone follow‐up for early palliative care patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Valenti Vanessa , Rossi Romina , Scarpi Emanuela , Ricci Marianna , Pallotti Maria Caterina , Dall'Agata Monia , Montalti Sandra , Maltoni Marco
Published: July 2022

Aim and objectives

To present our experience of a nursing telephone consultation service, describing patient and caregiver requests, and outlining ensuing nursing or medical interventions.

Background

Recently, there has been an increase in the use of telephone consultation for cancer patients. However, there is still limited data on the characteristics of this type of service and on the nature of the interventions carried out.

Design and methods

In this observational retrospective study, we evaluated the phone calls made over a 6‐month period by patients or caregivers to the early palliative care team of a cancer institute. Information regarding telephone calls (frequency, reason and management) was systematically collected by a nursing case manager. The study complies with the STROBE checklist File S1.

Results

171 patients used the service, for a total of 323 phone calls. The majority (80.8%) were from patients followed at the outpatient clinic and the most common requests were for pain management (38.4%) and for updates on the clinical situation (23.8%). Other frequent requests were for medication management (18.9%) and scheduling (18.3%). 210 of the 323 phone calls were handled by the nurse, while 22 were managed in collaboration with a physician. An 87.6% effectiveness in telephone management was observed.

Conclusion

The overall use of the phone service was higher for early palliative care patients. The majority of phone calls were effectively handled by the nursing case manager.

Relevance to clinical practice

An effective and feasible nurse‐led telephone follow‐up of early palliative care patients with advanced cancer could improve their care experience. Specifically, it could impact on patients and families improving quality of life and symptom control securing access to timely care without travel or additional cost.It can also improve continuity of care, adherence to oncological treatments and minimise acute care visits.
Factors preceding occupational distress in emergency nurses: An integrative review
Authors: Caulfield Rebecca , Wiseman Taneal , Gullick Janice , Ogilvie Rebekah
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objectives

This integrative review aimed to synthesise current evidence on the factors that precede and contribute to the occupational distress of emergency nurses.

Background

Emergency nurses practice within an environment challenged by demand exceeding capacity, an inability of staffing to meet this demand in addition to limited resources which contribute to form a unique risk to clinician and patient safety. The risk of occupational distress, while demonstrated across specialties, is noted to be highest in emergency nurses with subsequent impacts for clinicians, organisations and patients being explored. While previous studies have examined singular outcomes or elements, a comprehensive review that considers the factors and components of the overarching occupational distress is not evident in the current published literature.

Design

Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methodology enabled a structured format for synthesis and analysis of literature.

Methods

A review of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Psych INFO, Embase, Australian Digital Thesis Network, University Microfilm International and Google Scholar between 2014 and 2021 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Search terms explored the contributions of compassion fatigue, burnout, acute and post‐traumatic stress disorder, and secondary traumatic stress/vicarious trauma to occupational distress. This search resulted in sixteen publications included for synthesis.

Results

Literature for inclusion was identified as quantitative (seven), qualitative (six) and mixed‐methods (three) studies. Factors identified as contributing to the development of occupational distress arise from the characteristics and situations of individual nurses, local organisational governance and the inherent nature of the emergency nurse role. Consequentially, there are negative impacts on patients, clinicians and healthcare organisations.

Conclusion

Emergency nurses experience exposure to several unique factors contributing to occupational distress which may originate from individual, organisational, occupational sources or a combination of these. Future research and strategies to address these factors could strengthen clinicians and organisations in the delivery of safe, holistic, high‐quality nursing care.

Relevance to clinical practice

Emergency nurses practice in unique and challenging environments which place them at higher risk of occupational distress with subsequent negative impacts for the clinician, healthcare organisation and patients. Through the investigation and development of strategies such as the facilitation of knowledge of patient disposition, emergency nurses may experience an increase in their well‐being, retention, job satisfaction and resiliency.
The impact of COVID‐19 on nurse alcohol consumption: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Searby Adam , Burr Dianna , Redley Bernice
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives

To explore the long‐term impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nurse alcohol consumption.

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused immense disruption to healthcare services worldwide, and nurses have not been immune, experiencing burnout, declining mental health and ultimately, attrition from the profession. Increases in alcohol consumption have been reported across subsections of society, including those with pre‐existing mental ill health and experiencing high stress, and exploring this phenomenon in nurses is essential for workforce well‐being and sustainability.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study design.

Methods

Secondary analysis of individual, semi‐structured interviews with nurses (N = 42) from diverse settings across Australia, including community, primary and hospital settings, conducted in July and August 2021. Data were analysed using structural coding and reported in accordance with the CORE‐Q guidelines.

Findings

Two key themes were found after analysis of the data: (1) factors influencing alcohol consumption (subthemes: workplace factors and external factors), and (2) the pandemic's influence on alcohol consumption (subthemes: increased consumption, moderation of consumption and alcohol as a reward).

Conclusions

Several participants described increased alcohol consumption because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly due to the stress of working in an environment where resources were scarce. Workplace factors such as overtime, missed breaks and heightened workload were all described as driving stress, and in turn increased alcohol consumption.

Relevance to clinical practice

Increased alcohol consumption has been associated with burnout, absenteeism and intention to leave. The nursing profession is currently undergoing significant continuing stress providing care and management to patients with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, and increased alcohol consumption is a significant threat to personal and workforce well‐being, workforce sustainability and quality nursing care.
Risk of malnutrition assessment in hospitalised adults: A scoping review of existing instruments
Authors: Chrástecká Marie , Blanař Vít , Pospíchal Jan
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to find tools for screening the risk of malnutrition in adult hospitalised patients, evaluate their key characteristics including selected psychometric properties and propose the most appropriate tools for nursing practice.

Background

A large number of existing tools for nutritional screening make it difficult to be aware of all the possibilities and especially to select the optimal tool.

Design

The research methodology was designed as secondary research using a scoping review search to map and compare existing tools for assessing the risk of malnutrition in hospitalised adults.

Methods

The analysis focused on the selected psychometric properties of the instruments (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value) and key characteristics relevant to the selection of an appropriate instrument. This study follows the PRISMA‐ScR Checklist.

Results

The review included 27 publications containing 17 tools. The best sensitivity (57%–100%) and specificity (76%–96%) were achieved by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002). Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form‐Version II (MEONF‐II) has solid sensitivity (up to 73%), specificity (88%) and high positive predictive values (81%–82%).

Conclusions

The MUST, NRS 2002 and MEONF‐II showed satisfactory psychometric properties. MEONF‐II and MUST are able to assess risk without weighing the patient. The Hand Grip Strength (HGS) assessment can be recommended to detect reductions in muscle strength.

Relevance to clinical practice

We recommend the MUST, NRS 2002 and MEONF‐II tools for use in clinical practice, as they have the best psychometric properties and are user‐friendly. The HGS, which proved to be related to the length of hospital stay (LOS) and used as an indicator of protein‐energy malnutrition in obese patients, may be a useful complementary tool. For nursing practice, we recommend selecting a tool with respect to the specifics of a particular workplace.
Complete Digital Workflow for Prosthesis Prototype Fabrication with the Double Digital Scanning (DDS) Technique: A Prospective Study on 16 Edentulous Maxillae
Authors: Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Romeo Davide , Ercoli Carlo , Papaspyridakos Panos
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of fit of milled prosthesis prototypes for completely edentulous patients using a digital workflow.

Materials and methods

Sixteen patients received intraoral full‐arch digital scans with the double digital scanning (DDS) technique and the generated standard tessellation language (STL) files were superimposed and imported into computer‐aided design software (Exocad DentalCAD, exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) for design. After the design, each master STL file was used for computer‐aided manufacturing of the prosthesis prototypes through a complete digital workflow. The primary outcome was the accuracy of fit assessment of the digitally fabricated prototypes on verified patient master stone casts. Two blinded clinicians tested the accuracy of fit of the milled prosthesis prototypes on the verified master stone casts utilizing the screw‐resistance test and direct observation.

Results

Out of the 16 digitally fabricated prototypes from intraoral full‐arch digital scans, all 16 presented with an accurate fit on verified master stone casts.

Conclusions

Digitally fabricated full‐arch prosthesis prototypes can be generated with a complete digital workflow leading to clinically acceptable fit.
Directed graphs and variable selection in large vector autoregressive models
Authors: Bertsche Dominik , Brüggemann Ralf , Kascha Christian
Published: July 2022

We represent the dynamic relation among variables in vector autoregressive (VAR) models as directed graphs. Based on these graphs, we identify so‐called strongly connected components. Using this graphical representation, we consider the problem of variable choice. We use the relations among the strongly connected components to select variables that need to be included in a VAR if interest is in impulse response analysis of a given set of variables. Our theoretical contributions show that the set of selected variables from the graphical method coincides with the set of variables that is multi‐step causal for the variables of interest by relating the paths in the graph to the coefficients of the ‘direct’ VAR representation. An empirical application illustrates the usefulness of the suggested approach: Including the selected variables into a small US monetary VAR is useful for impulse response analysis as it avoids the well‐known ‘price‐puzzle’.
Acceptability of thickened and protein‐enhanced ice cream for use in long‐term care facilities
Authors: McDowell Taylor K. , Lowe Judith , McSweeney Matthew B.
Published: July 2022

This study evaluated the acceptability of thickened ice cream with added whey protein to improve protein and fluid intake in long‐term care (LTC) residents living with dysphagia and wounds. Two samples of ice cream were produced, the control sample of thickened ice cream, and thickened ice cream with added whey protein. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) Spoon Tilt Test assessed the consistency of the ice cream samples. A sensory trial asked participants (n = 56) to evaluate the samples for their liking of the appearance, texture, flavor, and overall liking using nine‐point hedonic scales, followed by a check‐all‐that‐apply question. The whey protein sample consistently passed the IDDSI Spoon Tilt Test whereas the control sample did not. The mean hedonic scores across all categories for both samples were not significantly different. The whey protein sample was associated with natural vanilla, creamy flavor, milk/dairy flavor, and buttery attributes which were important drivers of liking, and was not associated with the gumminess which decreased the liking. Findings indicate that whey protein addition to ice cream did not impact the acceptability of the thickened ice cream. This work is relevant to dietetic practice and those working in LTC as this ice cream will help improve quality of life by supporting wound management and safe swallowing. Furthermore, whey protein can be added to ice cream without negatively affecting its' sensory properties.
Patent power in biomedical innovation: Technology governance in biomodifying technologies
Authors: Bicudo Edison , Morrison Michael , Li Phoebe , Faulkner Alex , Webster Andrew , Mourby Miranda , Kaye Jane
Published: July 2022

Biomedical innovation is often rewarded by exclusive proprietary rights such as patents. In the case of gene editing, induced pluripotent stem cells, and three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting (here described as biomodifying technologies), the limitations of the patent system come into stark relief, generating both technical and political doubts. Generally, political and technological limitations are supposed to be solved with so‐called good governance, based on some principles. We focus on three of such governance principles (participation, accountability, and transparency) to show how they have been weakened, instead of strengthened, by the current patent system. We demonstrate that although patent applications are submitted by both public and private players, the latter have imposed a growing dominance in gene editing, induced pluripotent stem cells, and 3D bioprinting, disseminating their aggressive and exclusive strategies. As a consequence, a logic of experimentality tends to prevail where the three fundamental governance principles fail to be enacted.
Prevalence of bovine mastitis-related pathogens, identified by mass spectrometry in flies (Insecta, Diptera) captured in the milking environment
Authors: Bertolini A.B. , Prado A.M. , Thyssen P.J. , de Souza Ribeiro Mioni M. , de Gouvea F.L.R. , da Silva Leite D. , Langoni H. , de Figueiredo Pantoja J.C. , Rall V.M. , Guimarães F.F. , Joaquim S.F. , Guerra S.T. , Hernandes R.T. , Lucheis S.B. , Ribeiro M.G.
Published: July 2022

Diptera (Insecta) are able to transmit approximately 200 pathogenic microorganisms to humans and animals, causing more than 65 diseases, including bovine mastitis, which constitutes a major cause of economic losses in the dairy industry. In this scenario, 217 adult specimens of Diptera were collected from nine farms and identified to the family and/or species level. Of the 11 families recorded, Muscidae was the most prevalent (152 out of 217; 70%). All Diptera specimens were subjected to microbiological culture using conventional and selective media, and isolates were then identified at the species level by mass spectrometry. In total, 275 microorganisms were identified, with a predominance of pathogens related to environmental bovine mastitis (166/275 = 60·4%), that is, Enterococcus species (70/275 = 25·4%) and Escherichia coli (49/275 = 17·8%). Nontraditional agents related to bovine mastitis (called miscellaneous) were detected in 28% (77/275), as well as microorganisms with well-known zoonotic behaviour (e.g. Bacillus cereus). This is study contributes with knowledge of diversity of microorganisms carried by Diptera in the dairy environment, including pathogens associated with environmental and contagious bovine mastitis, and agents with human relevance. To our knowledge, a three-part chromogenic selective medium used to microbial culture of milk on farms was used for the first time to identification of pathogens in Diptera.
Patient engagement, involvement, or participation — entrapping concepts in nurse‐patient interactions: A critical discussion
Authors: Jerofke‐Owen Teresa A. , Tobiano Georgia , Eldh Ann C.
Published: July 2022

The importance of patients taking an active role in their healthcare is recognized internationally, to improve safety and effectiveness in practice. There is still, however, some ambiguity about the conceptualization of that patient role; it is referred to interchangeably in the literature as engagement, involvement, and participation. The aim of this discussion paper is to examine and conceptualize the concepts of patient engagement, involvement, and participation within healthcare, particularly nursing. The concepts were found to have semantic differences and similarities, although, from a nursing perspective, they can be summoned to illustrate the establishment of a mutual partnership between a patient and a nurse. The individualization of such processes requires the joint effort of engagement, involvement, or participation, represented by interactive actions of both the patient (asking questions, telling/speaking up, knowledge acquisition, learning, and decision‐making) and the nurse (recognizing, responding, information sharing, teaching, and collaborating). Suggesting that the concepts can be used interchangeably comes with some caution, requiring that nurses embrace patients playing a role in their health and healthcare. Further research and practice development should focus on how patients and nurses receive and respond to each other to establish patient engagement, involvement, and participation.
Institutions, interests, and policy support: Experimental evidence from China
Authors: Yang Wenhui , Zhao Jing
Published: July 2022

Policy support matters for the success of public policies. It is still unclear how governments can garner support for policies with high costs. Using a conjoint experiment in China, we demonstrate that governments can encourage policy support by offering institutional services and material interests to policy targets. In particular, citizens become more willing to support policies when governments timely disclose policy information and respond to and incorporate their voices in the policy design. Government subsidies in both the short and long runs also increase citizens' policy support. In addition, government transparency and long‐run subsidies are complementary to enhancing policy support; the role of institutions is strengthened when citizens are exposed to severe policy problems.
Platelet‐rich plasma in animal reproductive medicine: Prospective and applications
Authors: Borş Silviu‐Ionuț , Ibănescu Iulian , Borş Alina , Abdoon Ahmed Sabry S.
Published: July 2022

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is the fraction of the plasma enriched with a platelet level above baseline, and it plays an essential role in tissue regeneration. The attention to PRP as unconventional therapy has increased during the past two decades. In animals, applications of PRP showed various degrees of success in a wide range of medical applications, from musculoskeletal injuries to ovarian insufficiency. Therapeutic applications with PRP in farm animals are still scarce, but the promising results offered by several studies are expected to trigger more interest in its application by both veterinarians and farmers. In this review, we highlight some efforts made in the field of animal reproduction regarding the use of PRP to potentiate the ovarian hypofunction, treat endometritis, improve the follicular development, oocyte competence and uterine environment for embryo implantation as well as restore testicular and erectile function in male, and as a treatment for mastitis.
Effect of season, genetic line and temperature during transport on sperm motility of commercial insemination doses of pooled boar semen: A retrospective study
Authors: Gonzalez‐Castro Raul , Porflidt Carolina , Patton Toni , Goins Donna , Herickhoff Lisa
Published: July 2022

Commercial pooled semen from boars of maternal and terminal genetic lines was analysed over two consecutive years, as part of an external quality control program. Semen doses were prepared for two total sperm counts (2.0 × 109/75 ml [n = 578] and 1.5 × 109/34 ml [n = 643]). Semen doses were evaluated for motility, morphology and bacterial contamination at days 1 and 4 after collection. Additionally, temperature during transport was tracked and correlated to sperm motility. Sperm motility and morphology were significantly affected by genetic line, but not by total sperm per doses. Total motility (TM) was affected (p < .05) by season. Progressive motility (PM) was lower (p < .05) in some winter months, and higher (p < .05) in summer for maternal‐line doses. Normal sperm morphology was higher (p < .05) in some months of late fall and winter, with an apparent decrease in some summer months. In general, motility was significantly higher on day 1 than on day 4, and was also affected (p < .05) by temperature, especially for terminal‐line doses. Semen doses exposed to >15°C had higher (p < .05) TM, VSL (straight‐line velocity) and linearity than doses exposed to <15°C. Progressive motility and straightness increased (p < .05) proportionally with temperature. At day 1, motility, average path velocity (VAP) and VSL increased (p < .05) with temperature, and was higher than the corresponding group at day 4, except for VSL. Sperm motility and kinematics at day 4 were similar between temperature groups, except for doses exposed to >20°C that had higher (p < .05) VAP and VSL than doses exposed to <12°C. Microbiology evaluation revealed that less than 8.2% (15/184) of the semen doses had bacterial growth. Sphingobacterium lactis was the most prevalent bacterium identified. In conclusion, genetic line strongly influences sperm motility, while total sperm count does not have an impact. Transient reduced temperatures during shipping do not impair sperm quality after 4 days of storage. Seasonal and temperature effects on sperm motility of pooled boar semen are not overcome by pre‐production ejaculate selection and semen pooling.
Crime, elections, and political competition
Authors: Mitra Shabana , Shajahan Althaf
Published: July 2022

Are elections immediately preceded by periods of increased violent crimes? In this paper, we test the link between criminal activity and electoral cycles. We use annual data from 1981 to 2007 on crimes and data from the parliamentary elections in India for the same period. Using a difference‐in‐difference design, we find that election years have significantly higher incidence of violent crimes even after accounting for poverty and inequality. This effect is statistically significant and consistent across specifications. The effect is magnified in districts that are more competitive. Similar regressions using economic crimes and elections show either a decline or no effect. Our results are strongly indicative of a close link between violent crimes and elections, and are critical for the growing debate on the criminalization of politics in developing countries.
Retrospective accounts of first exposure to minoritized sexual and gender identities
Authors: Bruun Samuel T. , Farr Rachel H. , Simon Kay
Published: July 2022

Although there has been considerable research about attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people, there has been little research into how people first come to be aware of minoritized sexual and gender minority (SGM) identities. This study sought to address this gap. A sample of sexual minority (n = 150) and heterosexual (n = 802) young adults (N = 952;Mage = 18.88 years,SD = 1.75; 949 were cisgender, three were transgender), primarily recruited from a large southern university, were asked retrospectively to recount their first exposure to or awareness of SGM identities. Responses between SGM and heterosexual participants were compared through a variety of analytical approaches, including analyzing themes about the source from which participants first recalled encountering these identities, and whether understanding about these identities came through a personal connection to someone with these identities. SGM participants reported encountering minoritized sexual identities a year earlier than did heterosexual participants, with both groups encountering these concepts in middle childhood, on average. SGM participants were more likely than heterosexual participants to report learning about minoritized gender identities from someone with a minoritized gender identity, while heterosexual participants more often reported learning about these identities from media or celebrities. Heterosexual (vs. SGM) participants were also more likely to imply that minoritized gender identities were adopted to be popular, rather than being authentic identities in themselves. Framed by developmental intergroup theory (DIT), we discuss implications of these findings, especially potential interrelationships with the development of prejudiced attitudes about SGM identities.
Towards resolving Cretaceous to Miocene kinematics of the Adria–Europe contact zone in reconstructions: Inferences from a structural study in a critical Dinarides area
Authors: Stojadinovic Uros , Krstekanić Nemanja , Matenco Liviu , Bogdanović Tamara
Published: July 2022

One key element in the current debate analysing the Central Mediterranean evolution is the Cretaceous structure and kinematics of the present‐day oroclinal bent contact between Adria‐ and Europe‐derived continental units in the Dinarides, interpreted in different tectonic reconstructions as a subduction‐related thrust system or a large‐scale strike‐slip fault zone. We provide a solution to the debate by a structural and kinematic study in a key area located in central Serbia along the Europe–Adria orogenic suture of the Sava Zone. The results demonstrate that large‐scale, top‐SW, in‐ to out‐of‐sequence thrusting is the dominant mechanism that deformed the observed accretionary wedge‐trench sediments during the Late Cretaceous subduction of the Neotethys Ocean and the ensuing Adria–Europe collision. The subsequent Oligocene–Miocene extension of the Pannonian Basin was associated with opposite‐sense rotations of different Sava Zone segments, which created the observed ~80° oroclinal bending.
Standardized uptake values and attenuation correction in 18F‐sodium fluoride PET of the equine foot and fetlock
Authors: Sannajust Kimberley , Spriet Mathieu , Anishchenko Sergey , Beylin David
Published: July 2022

Maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) are commonly used for the interpretation of PET studies. Limited information regarding the SUVmax of 18F‐NaF PET in horses is currently available in the literature. The goals of this retrospective secondary analysis study were to provide reference values for 18F‐NaF SUVmax in the equine distal extremity and assess the effect of attenuation correction. Nonattenuation corrected (NAC) and CT‐based attenuation corrected (CTAC) SUVmax were obtained from 19 feet and 19 fetlocks. Twenty regions of interest (ROIs) were defined for the foot and 22 for the fetlock. Areas presenting abnormal uptake were excluded. The overall NAC and CTAC SUVmax were 3.6 +/‐ 1.5 (mean +/‐ sd) and 5.0 +/‐ 1.8 for the feet and 2.9 +/‐ 1.1 and 3.8 +/‐ 1.4 for the fetlocks, respectively. The 3 ROIs showing the highest attenuation correction were the navicular center (83.4%), navicular flexor surface (74.9%) and distal phalanx flexor surface (81.3%), whereas attenuation correction was only 5.2% at the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx. Significant SUVmax differences were observed between the different ROIs (P < 0.0001), with the toe (CTAC SUVmax 7.7 +/‐ 3.7), dorsal (7.5 +/‐ 1.9) and central (6.1 +/‐ 2.2) ROIs of the distal phalanx being significantly higher than those of the other areas. This study demonstrates that attenuation correction affects SUVmax in the equine distal extremity and should be performed if CT data are available. However, as the maximal attenuation correction results in less than doubling the signal intensity, nonattenuation corrected images likely remain relevant for subjective clinical interpretation.
Palmar/plantar oblique projections improve radiographic detection of fractures of the palmar/plantar processes of the equine distal phalanx
Authors: Fairburn Alison J. , Sherlock Ceri E. , Mair Tim S.
Published: July 2022

Radiography is a standard diagnostic test for horses with suspected fractures of the palmar/plantar processes (PP) of the distal phalanx, however published studies evaluating the diagnostic utility for radiography are currently lacking. The objectives of this retrospective, diagnostic case‐control study were to determine the sensitivity of radiographs for the detection of PP fractures, and determine the diagnostic utility of the palmar/plantar oblique projections of the PP for the identification of PP fractures compared to standard radiographic series. The medical records of horses undergoing MRI examination were reviewed and 23 horses diagnosed with a PP fracture were included as cases for analysis. Forty‐six control horses were selected. Radiographs, including palmar/plantar oblique (palmaro/plantaro50o‐proximal 45o‐medial(lateral)‐dorsodistolateral (medial) oblique (PPrM(L)‐DDiL(M)O) projections, and MRI images were assessed independently for the presence or absence of PP fractures and the sensitivity and specificity of radiographs for their detection were calculated, using MRI as the gold‐standard. A second, blinded, radiographic evaluation excluding the palmar/plantar oblique views was performed. Twenty‐seven PP fractures were identified in the 23 case horses on MRI examination. Twenty‐two fractures were identified in 20/23 horses on examination of the full radiographic series (sensitivity and specificity of 81.5% and 100% respectively). Fractures were most frequently identified on the palmar/plantar oblique projections (19/22 fractures), followed by the lateromedial projection. Radiographic assessment excluding the palmar/plantar oblique projections identified 18 PP fractures in 16/23 horses. Careful assessment of a standard radiographic series of the foot will allow identification of PP fractures but palmar/plantar oblique projections will improve the detection of these fractures.
Modern physiology vindicates Darwin's dream
Authors: Noble Denis
Published: July 2022

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

Revisiting the 2013 article ‘Physiology is rocking the foundations of evolutionary biology’.

What advances does it highlight?

The discovery that the genome is not isolated from the soma and the environment, and that there is no barrier preventing somatic characteristics being transmitted to the germline, means that Darwin's pangenetic ideas become relevant again.

Charles Darwin spent the last decade of his life collaborating with physiologists in search of the biological processes of evolution. He viewed physiology as the way forward in answering fundamental questions about inheritance, acquired characteristics, and the mechanisms by which organisms could achieve their ends and survival. He collaborated with 19th century physiologists, notably John Burdon‐Sanderson and George Romanes, in his search for the mechanisms of transgenerational inheritance. The discovery that the genome is not isolated from the soma and the environment, and that there is no barrier preventing somatic characteristics being transmitted to the germline, means that Darwin's pangenetic ideas become relevant again. It is time for 21st century physiology to come to the rescue of evolutionary biology. This article outlines research lines by which this could be achieved.
GENOME SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, RT-PCR DIAGNOSTICS AND CONSTRUCTION OF VIRAL PROTEIN-EXPRESSION CASSETES FOR KAZAKH ISOLATE OF ORDINARY AND ANDEAN STRAINS OF POTATO VIRUS S
Authors: Alexandrova A.M. , Yeriskina Y.A. , Nargilova R.M. , Kryldakov R.V. , Tokbergenova Zh.A. , Pooggin M.M. , Iskakov B.K. , Karpova O.V.
Published: July 2022

Potato virus S (PVS) belongs to the genus Carlavirus of family Betaflexiviridae with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome of 8.5 Kb. PVS is one of the most prevalent viruses of cultivated potatoes in Kazakhstan. Here we report phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences of Kazakh isolates of PVS from potato cultivars Fortuna and Ushkonyr, design of PVS strain-specific diagnostic PCR and construction of expression cassettes for conserved viral proteins from both isolates. The Fortuna and Ushkonyr isolates were found to share 79.9% nucleotide identity with each other and belong respectively to previously-defined ordinary and Andean strains of PVS. Based on analysis of conserved and variable regions of available PVS isolates, we designed primers for reverse transcription (RT)-duplex PCR to detect both strains in single and mixed infections and established their prevalence in Almaty region of Kazakhstan. Coding sequences of triple gene block proteins (25K, 12K, 7K), coat protein (34K) and cysteine-rich protein (11K) as well as methyltransferase, peptidase, helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains of viral replicase were subcloned from both Fortuna and Ushkonyr genomic RNAs into the binary vector pBIN19 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter and nopaline synthetase terminator. These expression cassettes will be used to further investigate the biological properties and strain characteristics of viral proteins by their transient expression in plant cells and tissues or their stable expression in transgenic plants.
Transformaciones territoriales a partir del abandono y despojo de tierra asociado a la acción de grupos armados caso María la Baja departamento de Bolívar
Authors:   , Victorino Cubillos Raquel
Published: July 2022

La acción de los grupos armados al margen de la ley ha generado profundas transformaciones en los territorios donde han logrado ejercer su control. En el mundo rural, una de las principales afectaciones especialmente asociada con la acción de los grupos paramilitares, se dio en el abandono y despojo de tierras mediante de diversos mecanismos de violencia y constreñimiento tales como el desplazamiento forzado. Relacionados con el fenómeno del despojo y abandono, se dieron en la apropiación que tenia las poblaciones de sus territorios| dichos cambios respondieron a los intereses de los grupos, legales e ilegales detentores del poder local y nacional. Entender las características y lógicas de estas transformaciones territoriales es el problema que busca comprender este estudio. Se tomó el caso de estudio del Municipio de maría La baja en donde evidenció la relación entre la implantación del megaproyecto de palma africana y el abandono y despojo de tierra ocasionado por oleadas de violencia. Las preguntas que responde esta investigación son: ¿Cuáles son las principales características de las transformaciones territoriales- en el ámbito socioeconómico- del municipio de maría La Baja asociadas a la presencia y acción de los grupos paramilitares? Y ¿Qué significados y afectaciones tiene para las victimas el proceso de transformación territorial asociado con el despojo de tierras a nivel socioeconómico?.
El cambio en los medios de vida de los pobladores rurales como consecuencia del desarrollo de proyectos urbanísticos Vereda Zapata-Municipio de La Mesa Cundinamarca 1985-2005
Authors:   , Peña Carvajal Robinson
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de la investigación gravita entorno a la identificación de las transformaciones en los medios de vida de los pobladores rurales, a nivel de estructuras (Económicas y espaciales), procesos (Políticas municipales relacionadas con la regulación del uso del suelo rural), acceso a capitales y estrategias de vida, derivados del desarrollo de proyectos urbanísticos en el espacio goegrafico rural, ejercicio abordado metodológicamente bajo un estudio de caso simple, en el municipio de La Mesa Cundinamarca.
Gestión de los servicios ecosistémicos que presta la flora de los agroecosistémas de la cuenca del Río La Vieja, Eje Cafetero, Colombia
Authors:   , Cardona Trujillo Harold
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo de grado investiga las externalidades que aportan los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos de la cuenca del río La Vieja. El objeto de la investigación es identificar las estrategias de gestión de las externalidades positivas generadas por los árboles, arbustos y palmas presente en las fincas de la cuenca del río La Vieja, Eje Cafetero, Colombia. En primer lugar, se identifican las especies de árboles, palmas y arbustos, y luego se entrevista a los productores para identificar cuáles externalidades son reconocidas e implementadas para aumentar la productividad y generar sostenibilidad en la producción. En segundo lugar, se definen estrategias de gestión para las externalidades generadas por los bienes y servicios de la biodiversidad, a fin de promover el aprovechamiento sostenible en la cuenca del-no La Vieja. El uso intensivo de los recursos naturales afecta la sostenilidad de la producción agropecuaria, porque disminuye la oferta de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos. La problemática es compleja a causa de los intereses particulares de diferentes actores presentes en la Cuenca. Para abordar dicha complejidad se utiliza el método multicriterio que permite reconocer la interacción de los actores presentes en la Cuenca, los conflictos en el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y las alternativas para su gestión. La investigación permitió identificar acciones de gestión para la conservación y promoción de los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos como, por ejemplo, la necesidad de integrar, capacitar y organizar a las comunidades y a las instituciones.
Sociedad patriarcal: perspectivas feministas
Authors:   , Maldonado Gómez Olga del Carmen
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se hace un análisis de la sociedad patriarcal desde la perspectiva existencialista de Simone de Beauvoir y de otras pensadoras feministas que han entrado en diálogo con ella, bien sea para asumir sus posiciones o para criticarlas, pero siempre con miras a una mayor comprensión de las situaciones de discriminación y dominación de las mujeres, constitutivas de nuestras sociedades.