bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRDMT1 exhibited protective effects against LPS‐induced inflammation in rats through TLR4‐NF‐κB/MAPK‐TNF‐α pathway
Authors: Li Zhengguang , Qi Xiaolong , Zhang Xu , Yu Lei , Gao Lijuan , Kong Weining , Chen Wei , Dong Wei , Luo Lijun , Lu Dan , Zhang Lianfeng , Ma Yuanwu
Published: April 2022

Background

Inflammation is a complex physiological and pathological process. Although many types of inflammation are well characterized, their physiological functions are largely unknown. tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1) has been implicated as a stress‐related protein, but its intrinsic biological role is unclear.

Methods

We constructed a Trdmt1 knockout rat and adopted the LPS‐induced sepsis model. Survival curve, histopathological examination, expression of inflammatory factors, and protein level of TLR4 pathway were analyzed.

Results

Trdmt1 deletion had no obvious impact on development and growth. Trdmt1 deletion slightly increased the mortality during aging. Our data showed that Trdmt1 strongly responded in LPS‐treated rats, and Trdmt1 knockout rats were vulnerable to LPS treatment with declined survival rate. We also observed more aggravated tissue damage and more cumulative functional cell degeneration in LPS‐treated knockout rats compared with control rats. Further studies showed upregulated TNF‐α level in liver, spleen, lung, and serum tissues, which may be explained by enhanced p65 and p38 phosphorylation.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that Trdmt1 plays a protective role in inflammation by regulating the TLR4‐NF‐κB/MAPK‐TNF‐α pathway. This work provides useful information to understand the TRDMT1 function in inflammation.
A rational study on the hydrothermal aging of AFP manufactured CF/polyetherketoneketone composites with in situ consolidation supported by acoustic emission inspection
Authors: Sukur Emine Feyza , Elmas Sinem , Seyyednourani Mahsa , Eskizeybek Volkan , Yildiz Mehmet , Sas Hatice S.
Published: April 2022

In this study, carbon fiber (CF)/polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) composites with 5% void content, manufactured via an in situ consolidated automated fiber placement (AFP) lay‐up process, are aged in hot water at 70°C for 30 days. Firstly, a deep understanding of the deterioration in the mechanical performance is developed with a comprehensive and complementary set of material characterization strategies, including (i) microstructural characterization with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (ii) thermal characterization with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (iii) dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The material characterization concurrently highlights the plasticization and post‐crystallization phenomena after aging with changes in the peak densities with FTIR, formation of second glass transition temperature (Tg) in DSC and DMA, and drop in storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan delta (δ) amplitudes. Then, acoustic emission (AE) is utilized as an inspection tool to identify the damage mechanisms regarding the 6.5%, 5.2%, and 4% decrease in tensile strength, strain at failure and modulus, respectively, in a comparative manner. The AE findings, remarking the weakening of the fiber–matrix interface after aging, are validated with scanning electron microscopy analysis. This study introduces an aging process‐induced damage mechanism triggered with inhomogeneous water absorption for AFP manufactured CF/PEKK composites with in situ consolidation.
S‐adenosyl methionine improves motor co‐ordination with reduced oxidative stress, dopaminergic neuronal loss, and DNA methylation in the brain striatum of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced neurodegeneration in rats
Authors: Jalgaonkar Sharmila , Gajbhiye Snehalata , Sayyed Mohsin , Tripathi Raakhi , Khatri Nishtha , Parmar Urwashi , Shankar Arun
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age‐related neurodegenerative disease worldwide. S‐adenosyl methionine (SAMe), a methyl donor that plays an important role in DNA methylation, could replenish the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SAMe in 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) rat models of PD and elucidated the underlying mechanism.

Methods

PD model rats were developed by injecting 6‐OHDA stereotaxically into the striatum. In Phase 1 of the study, we performed the neurobehavioral tests, GSH assay, and histopathology to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of SAMe. The animals were treated with SAMe (150 or 300 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. The positive control group received selegiline (5 mg/kg), whereas the disease control group received normal saline.

In Phase 2, we evaluated the striatal dopamine levels and performed DNA methylation assay to uncover the mechanism of action of SAMe. In this phase, a higher dose of SAMe (300 mg/kg) was used.

Results

SAMe (300 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks significantly attenuated the abnormal circling behavior in PD rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, SAMe at both doses (150 and 300 mg/kg) enhanced the performance of PD rats in the open field test and stepping test (p < 0.05). SAMe treatment significantly increased the GSH levels, and at high dose, SAMe restricted neuronal loss in the striatum of PD‐model rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, SAMe treatment led to a significant recovery in the dopamine levels and improved the DNA methylation status in the dopaminergic neurons (p < 0.05) of PD model rats.

Conclusion

SAMe exhibits antioxidant activity and DNA methylation modulating effects in 6‐OHDA model PD rats. Moreover, SAMe prevents neuronal loss in PD rats suggesting that SAMe has therapeutic potential in preventing PD development. The neuroprotective potential of SAMe is greater at high doses.
Modulating the Intrinsic Electrocatalytic Activity of Copper Sulfide by Silver Doping for Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Chinnadurai Deviprasath , Manivelan Nandapriya , Prabakar Kandasamy
Published: April 2022

Highly efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts towards bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are critical for industrial scale and environmentally friendly electrocatalytic production. Herein, we attempt to synthesize a low‐cost copper sulfide bifunctional electrocatalyst and modulated the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity by silver doping at desired amounts by a facile chemical bath deposition technique. The intrinsic activity of the CuS by Ag doping was closely monitored and presented with detailed OER and HER electrochemical characterizations. Finally, the optimized overall water splitting electrolyzer with a doping level of Ag 10 % exhibited a relatively low cell voltage of 1.55 V at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The surface having Ag1+ and Cu1+ oxidation states could effectively fetch electrons from OH− species leading to higher intrinsic activity. The stability of the best electrocatalyst checked up to 40 hours at a high current rate of 200 mA/cm2 and shows a stable oxidation state. This work provides an important Ag doping strategy for bifunctional electrocatalyst to enhance their intrinsic catalytic activity for overall water splitting application.
Kalihioxepanes A—G: Seven Kalihinene Diterpenoids from Marine Sponge Acanthella cavernosa Collected off the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Zhe , Han Xiao , Liu Guoping , Zhang Di , Hou Huiyue , Xiao Li , de Voogd Nicole J. , Tang Xuli , Li Pinglin , Li Guoqiang
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Seven new kalihinene diterpenoids, kalihioxepanes A—G (1—7) bearing a rare oxepane ring, were isolated from sponge Acanthella cavernosa collected from the South China Sea. The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculation methods. Kalihioxepane A (1) displayed strong cytotoxicity against H69 and K562 tumor cells, while kalihioxepane B (2) showed moderate cytotoxicity against K562 cells.
Advances in Self‐Assembly of Metabolite Nanostructures: Physiology, Pathology and Nanotechnology
Authors: Shanker Tiwari Om , Rencus‐Lazar Sigal , Gazit Ehud
Published: April 2022

Metabolites are immensely important for the routine function of every cell and take part in numerous physiological processes. Yet, in excess amounts, metabolites can self‐assemble, giving rise to cytotoxic amyloid‐like structures. Such structures may underlie some of the pathological effects associated with inborn error of metabolism disorders characterized by metabolite accumulation due to genetic mutations. Furthermore, such assemblies may have a role in neurodegenerative disorders due to abnormal accumulation. On the other hand, metabolites were shown to form functional assemblies in various organisms. Interestingly, various proteins and peptides showing amyloidal properties also have physiological roles and have been used for the fabrication of functional nanomaterials. Following this notion, metabolite self‐assembly could also be utilized due to several advantages including exceptional biocompatibility, inexpensive production, facile modeling and biodegradability in vivo. Co‐assembly of metabolites resulting in high rigidity can be further used in different biomedical and nanotechnological applications. Metal‐coordinated metabolite assemblies can be used as electrocatalysts in energy harvesting applications. Consequently, the study of metabolite self‐assemblies is not only crucial in order to understand their role in normal physiology and in pathology, but can also uncover a new route in exploring the fabrication of organic, biocompatible structures for material sciences and various technological applications.
Effects of pill colors on human perception and expectation of drugs' efficacy
Authors: Amawi Rema M. , Murdoch Michael J.
Published: April 2022

The physical appearance of pills, especially their color, affect expectations of their efficacy in addition to their intended medicinal effect. The purpose of this study is to understand the effects pill colors have on a wide variety of people, testing the hypotheses that the color of the pill affects participants' expectation of the drug's efficacy, and that demographics play a role in the participant's judgement. The 339 participants were recruited from the Rochester Institute of Technology global campuses in Rochester, USA, and Dubai, UAE. The study did not involve individuals taking drugs. Instead, it measured how people perceived the expected effects of pills on six efficacies, by asking the participants to rate the expected efficacy of five colors of pills. While there were some clear patterns and similarities in the results, differences were also apparent across the various demographics considered in this study. It is evident that three out of the six efficacies tested had a strong association with a particular color: stimulant efficacy with red, pain relief with white, and antacid with yellow. Remaining efficacies had weaker associations or varied associations based on different demographics. The patterns that emerged will help pharmaceutical companies, as well as medical practitioners, to better manufacture and prescribe drugs, thus maximizing the effects of the pills on patients overall, and increasing their compliance rates.
Network‐wise concordance of multimodal neuroimaging features across the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Stocks Jane , Popuri Karteek , Heywood Ashley , Tosun Duygu , Alpert Kate , Beg Mirza Faisal , Rosen Howard , Wang Lei ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2022

Background

Concordance between cortical atrophy and cortical glucose hypometabolism within distributed brain networks was evaluated among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker‐defined amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) groups.

Method

We computed correlations between cortical thickness and fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism within 12 functional brain networks. Differences among A/T/N groups (biomarker normal [BN], Alzheimer's disease [AD] continuum, suspected non‐AD pathologic change [SNAP]) in network concordance and relationships to longitudinal change in cognition were assessed.

Results

Network‐wise markers of concordance distinguish SNAP subjects from BN subjects within the posterior multimodal and language networks. AD‐continuum subjects showed increased concordance in 9/12 networks assessed compared to BN subjects, as well as widespread atrophy and hypometabolism. Baseline network concordance was associated with longitudinal change in a composite memory variable in both SNAP and AD‐continuum subjects.

Conclusions

Our novel study investigates the interrelationships between atrophy and hypometabolism across brain networks in A/T/N groups, helping disentangle the structure–function relationships that contribute to both clinical outcomes and diagnostic uncertainty in AD.
The moderating role of sleep duration on momentary relations between negative affect and loss‐of‐control eating in children and adolescents
Authors: Manasse Stephanie M. , Haedt‐Matt Alissa A. , Smith Kathryn E. , Egbert Amy H. , O’Sullivan Katie , Koren Dorit , Engel Scott , Goldschmidt Andrea B.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Loss‐of‐control (LOC) eating is associated with eating disorders and obesity, and thus it is imperative to understand its momentary risk factors in order to improve intervention efforts. Negative affect has been proposed as a momentary risk factor for LOC eating, but the evidence for its effects in children and adolescents is mixed. Short sleep duration (which is very common in youth), may be one variable that moderates the relation between negative affect and subsequent LOC eating. As such, we aimed to examine the moderating role of within‐person sleep duration on the momentary relations between negative affect and subsequent LOC eating.

Method

We recruited children (N = 30) with overweight/obesity ages 8‐14, who completed a 2‐week ecological momentary assessment protocol assessing negative affect and LOC eating several times per day, while also wearing a sleep actigraphy device and completing sleep diaries.

Results

Consistent with hypotheses, within‐person sleep duration moderated the next‐day momentary relation between within‐person negative affect and LOC eating, such that shorter sleep duration strengthened the positive relation between negative affect and loss‐of‐control eating.

Conclusions

Results suggest that, in children and adolescents, fluctuations in sleep duration may influence susceptibility to losing control over eating after experiencing negative affect. Future research should further investigate other metrics of sleep disturbance as they relate to emotion regulation and LOC eating. Such research will set the stage for augmenting paediatric interventions to better target maintenance factors for LOC eating.
Ionic conductivity and ion transport mechanisms of solid‐state lithium‐ion battery electrolytes: A review
Authors: Yang Hui , Wu Nianqiang
Published: April 2022

This review article deals with the ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes for lithium batteries. It has discussed the mechanisms of ion conduction in ceramics, polymers, and ceramic‐polymer composite electrolytes. In ceramic electrolytes, ion transport is accomplished with mobile point defects in a crystal. Li+ ions migrate mainly via the vacancy mechanism, interstitial mechanism, or interstitial‐substitutional exchange mechanism. In solid polymer electrolytes, Li+ ions are transported mainly via the segment motion, ion hopping (Grotthuss mechanism), or vehicle mechanism (mass diffusion). This study has also introduced various electrolyte materials including perovskite oxides, garnet oxides, sodium superionic conductors, phosphates, sulfides, halides, cross‐linked polymers, block‐copolymers, metal‐organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, as well as ceramic‐polymer composites. In addition, it has highlighted some strategies to improve the ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes, such as doping, defect engineering, microstructure tuning, and interface modification.
Special issue: German Society for Geomorphology
Authors: Heckmann Tobias , Meister Julia , Dietze Elisabeth , Krautblatter Michael
Published: April 2022

The German Society for Geomorphology (GSG) (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geomorphologie: DGGM) evolved out of the German Working Group for Geomorphology in 2021, reflecting the widened scope of relevant topics and involved disciplines, the increasing importance for the professional job market and society in general, as well as the increasing importance of international cooperation and global challenges. In this special issue of the GSG we attempt to visualize the breadth in relevant methods and geomorphological subdisciplines, the wide scope of investigated temporal and spatial scales, but also the diversification in terms of career levels and gender equality. The special issue contains 25 research papers and one commentary, incorporating more than 30 German, Austrian, Swiss and other geomorphology groups, all active in the GSG, with co‐authors from virtually all continents. This editorial provides a short historical overview of the GSG's evolution, short paper summaries, a tabular paper overview and a graphical representation of contributing groups and networking, the career level and gender of all authors, relevant topics, methods, as well as temporal and spatial scales.
Putting it all together: The case of the U.S. Department of Labor's evidence‐building strategy
Authors: Irwin Molly , Nightingale Demetra Smith
Published: April 2022

This chapter describes how and why the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) structured and implemented a comprehensive evidence‐building strategy in the years ahead of the federal legislation that now requires many of the same key components. In 2010, the Chief Evaluation Office was established in DOL at the departmental level to coordinate evaluation strategy and evidence building and to promote an organization‐wide culture of learning. This represented a new approach intended to elevate the priority on evidence, improve the scope and quality of evaluations and research, and expand the use of evidence. The DOL strategy included formalizing a departmental evaluation policy statement around key principles that govern high‐quality evaluations, developing a learning agenda process to strategically plan for evaluations and evidence‐building activities, and creating an evidence‐based clearinghouse to synthesize and share the results of rigorous evaluations. While each department is unique, DOL's experience highlights functions that were prioritized as well as challenges and limitations that had to be addressed in one department.
Looking Closely at Health Inequities
Authors: Solomon Mildred Z.
Published: April 2022

In January 2022, The Hastings Center convened a two‐day virtual summit called “Righting the Wrongs: Tackling Health Inequities.” On day one, speakers including Isabel Wilkerson and Richard Rothstein discussed how the social and economic determinants of health came to be so unequal in the first place. Day two focused on solutions, with panels offering examples of what can be done to improve health policy, clinical care, research, and professional education.
The Case for Ethical Efficiency: A System That Has Run Out of Time
Authors: Havlik John L. , Mercurio Mark R. , Hull Sarah C.
Published: April 2022

The American health care system increasingly conflates physician “productivity” with true clinical efficiency. In reality, inordinate time pressure on physicians compromises quality of care, decreases patient satisfaction, increases clinician burnout, and costs the health care system a great deal in the long term even if it is financially expedient in the short term. Inadequate time to deliver care thereby conflicts with the core principles of biomedical ethics, including autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. We propose that the health care system adjust its focus to recognize the nonmonetary value of physician time while still realizing the need to deploy resources as effectively as possible, a concept we describe as “ethical efficiency.”
Public Trust and Medical Ethics
Authors: Lanphier Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

In The Trusted Doctor: Medical Ethics and Professionalism, Rosamond Rhodes offers nothing less than a “new theory of medical ethics.” This theory is rooted in a social contract between the medical profession and the society for whom it cares. Rejecting the principlism and common morality that dominate modern medical ethics, Rhodes offers a duties‐based approach that reflects the special powers, privileges, and immunities granted to medical professionals. It is a compelling and comprehensive account that suggests medical ethics are best developed by and for medical professionals. But can the society who places its trust in medicine be left out of the development of the norms and practices that medical ethics both define and reflect?
Complete response of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus to nivolumab plus ipilimumab
Authors: Hayashida Michikata , Miura Yuji , Noda Taisho , Yamanaka Taro , Tanaka Naoto , Yasuoka Shotaro , Oka Suguru , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Kinowaki Keiichi , Urakami Shinji
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The effectiveness of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus remains unclear.

Case presentation

A 75‐year‐old male was diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus and treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. The renal mass and thrombus regressed and all pulmonary nodules except for one lesion diminished. To avoid thrombotic complications, radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy were performed. No viable malignant cells were revealed histopathologically. Although nivolumab was continued after the surgical interventions, the remaining lesion did not change. Considering the discontinuation of nivolumab, metastasectomy was performed, and no viable malignant cells were revealed histopathologically. There has been no recurrence after the discontinuation.

Conclusion

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab could have effectiveness for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.
US workers' willingness to accept meatpacking jobs amid the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Luckstead Jeff , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Snell Heather
Published: April 2022

We implement a discrete choice experiment to examine the impact of COVID‐19 exposure risk, unemployment risk, enhanced and extended unemployment benefits, and job attributes on low‐skilled workers' willingness to accept (WTA) meatpacking jobs. With a sample average WTA wage of $22.77/h, the current national average meatpacking wage of approximately $15/h is too low for these workers to consider this employment opportunity. Enhanced layoff risk and exposure to COVID‐19 further deterred respondents, while health insurance, retirement benefits, and a signing bonus enhanced respondents' WTA. The additional unemployment benefits of the CARES Act neither deterred nor encouraged respondents WTA.
Upregulation of hsa_circ_0000977 participates in esophageal squamous cancer progression by sponging miR‐874‐3p
Authors: Li Ni , Wu Jiacheng , Hu Bingchuan , Lu Hongna , Gao Jianqing , Zhu Linwen , Zheng Dawei
Published: April 2022

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common clinical malignancies of the digestive system, characterized by high mortality but not evident early symptoms. Molecular markers for diagnostic and outcome prediction are urgently needed. Circular RNAs might play essential roles in the progression of ESCC.

Methods

Hsa_circ_0000977 was identified using circRNA microarrays and qRT‐PCR. The diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0000977 was calculated. We also examined in vitro cell functions in ECA109 and TE12 ESCC cells to determine the effect of hsa_circ_0000977. A dual‐luciferase reporter vector validated the binding of hsa_circ_0000977 to miR‐874‐3p.

Results

The top 10 significantly upregulated circRNAs from microarray assays were hsa_circ_0000977, hsa_circ_0006220, hsa_circ_0043278, hsa_circ_0000691, hsa_circ_0000288, hsa_circ_0000367, hsa_circ_0021647, hsa_circ_0006440, hsa_circRNA_405571 and hsa_circRNA_100790, while the top 10 significantly downregulated circRNAs were hsa_circ_0008389, hsa_circ_0089763, hsa_circ_0089762, hsa_circ_0000102, hsa_circ_0001714, hsa_circ_0089761, hsa_circ_0007326, hsa_circ_0001549, hsa_circ_0005133 and hsa_circRNA_405965. Hsa_circ_0000977 was significantly upregulated in ESCC (p < 0.01) and had diagnostic value in ESCC. The hsa_circ_0000977 expression level was related to the pT stage and numbers of lymph nodes in ESCC patients. Elevated hsa_circ_0000977 promoted cell proliferation, migration and inhibited apoptosis in ESCC cells. Hsa_circ_0000977 might function as a micro‐RNA sponge to competitively bind miR‐874‐3p.

Conclusion

Disordered hsa_circ_0000977 expression can promote carcinogenesis in ESCC and might serve as a diagnostic biomarker to evaluate the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.
Management of acute sickle cell priapism in an African (Togo) pediatric department includes conservative measures and intracavernous epinephrine which is safe and efficacious
Authors: Guedenon Koffi Mawuse , Fiawoo Mawouto , Akolly Djatougbe Ayaovi Elie , Akpako Etse , Esso Balakibawi , Dossou Fidèle Comlan , Gbadoe Adama Dodji
Published: April 2022

Priapism is a well‐known urologic complication of sickle cell anemia. This study describes the results of a protocol for the treatment of acute priapism by intracavernous injection of epinephrine due to unavailability of etilefrine. A descriptive cross‐sectional study of 18 cases of acute priapism in sickle cell patients treated in the pediatric department of the Sylvanus Olympio CHU from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The average age was 21.7 ± 7.7 years, the youngest patient was 8 and the oldest was 32 years old. Students represented 61.1% of the patients. The hemoglobin profiles were homozygous SS (n = 14) and double heterozygous SC (n = 4). Most of the crisis (83.3%) occurred at night. Most of the patients (66.7%) came to the hospital before the sixth hour of crisis, one patient came by the 48th hour. Walking was the most self‐relief method tried by patients (67%). It was followed by a cold penile bath, attempted urination, body bath, and lastly lukewarm bath. Fourteen patients had a history of chronic intermittent priapism. The average pain intensity was 9.5 ± 0.9 with restlessness (33.3%) and crying (33.3%). Fifteen patients were treated upon admission with an intracavernosal injection of epinephrine, and three patients were first drained. Thirteen patients achieved remission immediately, while five patients required a second injection and only one had to be drained before remission. Tolerance was good. One patient had a borderline systolic blood pressure. One erectile weakness case was noticed and no cases of sexual impotence. Epinephrine by intracavernosal injection is an efficient treatment for acute priapism in sickle cell patients. Epinephrine, which has a good tolerance in pediatric and young adult patients, should be used in lieu of etilefrine due to its unavailability in areas where it is unavailable.
Interdisciplinary interprofessional education using an online learning environment called values exchange: A qualitative investigation
Authors: McInerney John , Seedhouse David , Pettit Michael , Roberts Simone , Druva Ruth , Lewicki Sabrina
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Interprofessional education (IPE) is implemented throughout the curricula of student healthcare professions as it is understood to provide positive impact on patient outcomes in the clinical environment. There are different methods to provide IPE such as through online learning or traditional face‐to‐face methods. However, there is a lack of research surrounding the use of Online Learning Environments (OLEs) to teach IPE.

Methods

In a pilot study, seventy‐one undergraduate radiography students and twenty Master of Pharmacy students engaged in an ethical scenario using the OLE, Values Exchange (Vx). Following the activity, students were invited to complete an open‐ended response question. Fourteen students responded and these data were used for qualitative analysis.

Results

A thematic analysis of the students' open‐ended responses found the emergence of three major themes, namely; understanding the roles of other healthcare professionals, developing self‐reflection skills and, preparing for the clinical environment. Students suggested that additional time allocated for undertaking the study would benefit their engagement in the activity. Students would benefit from added engagement in the Vx task in both the short and long term for IPE.

Conclusion

Students are receptive in utilising contemporary approaches such as OLEs in furthering their IPE. Positive interpretations and suggestions by both radiography and pharmacy students in this study demonstrate how Vx as an OLE teaching tool can be used effectively. OLEs can overcome barriers that exist in face‐to‐face education experiences. OLEs should be considered for greater use within academic curricula of healthcare professions, but only if they have been evaluated for effectiveness.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of the main active components in normal and ulcerative colitis rats after oral administration of Zingiberis Rhizoma–Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma herb pair and its single herb extracts by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Wan Yue , Dong Zhiling , Li Huifang , Yang Lei , Li Wenwen , Zhu Ke , Jiang Shu , Qian Dawei , Duan Jinao
Published: April 2022

Zingiberis Rhizoma and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma are usually used together for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in clinical practices. However, their compatibility mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, and 6‐gingerol in rat plasma after oral administration of Zingiberis Rhizoma–Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma herb pair and its single herb extracts. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients of more than 0.993. The precision deviations of intra‐ and interday analysis were within 10.66%, and accuracy error ranged from −12.74 to 11.56%. The average recoveries of analytes were higher than 76.60% and the matrix effects were minimal. Thus, the validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of four ingredients in normal and ulcerative colitis rat plasma. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetic parameters of four analytes in normal and model groups showed significant differences. The larger exposure (the mean AUC0‐t of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, and 6‐gingerol were increased by 50.93, 141.90, 3.68, and 37.25%, respectively) and slower elimination (the CLz/F of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, and 6‐gingerol were decreased by 52.94, 83.64, and 32.18%, respectively) were observed in ulcerative colitis rats. Furthermore, compared with single herbs, the analytes in rat plasma after oral administration of combined extracts presented relatively high systemic exposure levels with AUC0‐t > 2000 h·ng/mL and Cmax > 200 ng/mL. Collectively, the differences of pharmacokinetic characteristics revealed the synergistic effect of Zingiberis Rhizoma–Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma herb pair, which provided a valuable and reliable basis for its clinical application in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Impacts of nutrient loading and fish grazing on the phytoplankton community and cyanotoxin production in a shallow tropical lake: Results from mesocosm experiments
Authors: Ahoutou Mathias K. , Yao Eric Kouamé , Djeha Rosine Y. , Kone Mamadou , Tambosco Kevin , Duval Charlotte , Hamlaoui Sahima , Bernard Cécile , Bouvy Marc , Marie Benjamin , Montuelle Bernard , Troussellier Marc , Konan Felix K. , Coulibaly Julien Kalpy , Dosso Mireille , Humbert Jean‐François , Quiblier Catherine
Published: April 2022

Given the increasing eutrophication of water bodies in Africa due to increasing anthropogenic pressures, data are needed to better understand the responses of phytoplankton communities to these changes in tropical lakes. These ecosystems are used by local human populations for multiple purposes, including fish and drinking water production, potentially exposing these populations to health threats if, for example, an increase in toxic cyanobacterial blooms is associated with increasing eutrophication. To test the short‐term response of the phytoplankton community to the addition of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen, alone or in combination) and Nile tilapia, we developed an in situ mesocosm experiment in a freshwater lagoon located near Abidjan (Ivory Coast). We found that phytoplankton growth (estimated by chlorophyll‐a quantification) was highly stimulated when both nitrogen and phosphorus were added, while there was no clear evidence for such colimitation by these two nutrients when considering their concentrations in the lagoon. Phytoplankton growth was accompanied by significant changes in the diversity and composition of this community and did not lead to an increase in the proportions of cyanobacteria. However, the addition of fish to some mesocosms resulted in a drastic decrease in phytoplankton biomass and a dominance of chlorophytes in this community. Finally, these experiments showed that the addition of nitrogen, alone or combined with phosphorus, stimulated microcystin production by cyanobacteria. In addition, no evidence of microcystin accumulation in the fish was found. Taken together, these data allow us to discuss strategies for controlling cyanobacterial blooms in this tropical ecosystem.
Historical analysis (2001–2019) of low‐level wind shear at the Hong Kong International Airport
Authors: Hon Kai‐Kwong , Chan Pak‐wai
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses over 10,000 quality‐controlled pilot reports of low‐level wind shear (‘wind shear’) at the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA; ICAO code: VHHH) between 2001 and 2019. HKIA is well known for its susceptibility to wind shear, which is a potential hazard for aircraft during landing and take‐off. Wind shear at HKIA exhibits strong seasonality with double peaks in the middle of the spring and summer months. There is a strong diurnal cycle in report numbers, peaking towards the afternoon, as modulated by air traffic at HKIA. On average, there are 115 days per year with wind shear reported, with possible power law distribution in the number of days with different number of reports. By comparing the background wind distribution during those minutes with pilot reports against the climatological distribution, wind shear is observed to be, on average, favoured under higher wind speeds (≥6 m s−1) and reduced under lower speeds with shifted frequency peak and heavier tail, although statistical behaviour can differ significantly across individual runway corridors. Preferred background wind directions for wind shear occurrence highlight the role of terrain influence upstream of HKIA. While positive shear (65.6%) is more often reported than negative shear (34.4%), both types of wind shear events appear to follow an exponential distribution in shear magnitude, with similar rates of decay. This is by far the largest statistical study of low‐level wind shear at an airport. Results can serve as an important local reference in addition to being a useful example for airports around the world.
Multi‐parametric surface plasmon resonance‐based intake quantification of label‐free light‐activated nanoparticles by therapeutic limbal stem cells for corneal blindness
Authors: Kauppila Maija , Ståhlberg Roosa , Francisco Vitor , Ferreira Lino , Skottman Heli
Published: April 2022

Advanced therapies with combined approaches of cell and nanomedicine‐based interventions are emerging. Corneal blindness with a severe form of limbal stem cell (LSC) deficiency is an example of defect with unmet clinical need. Towards cell‐based therapy, advanced enabling technologies are needed for efficient intracellular delivery of biomolecules both for in vitro disease modeling and for in vivo interventions. For this nanomedicine creates novel possibilities as light activatable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) hold potential for controlled on‐demand cargo delivery with control of light. In this study, we used multi‐parametric surface plasmon resonance (MP‐SPR) technique in vitro for measuring NP intake in real‐time by therapeutic LSCs. Although a variety of NPs has been described, many challenges remain, and one is related to cell uptake of the formulations. Here, three different NP formulations were analyzed, one demonstrating clearly the highest cellular intake by LSCs. Importantly, data demonstrate that the labeling of NPs significantly reduce the cellular intake highlighting the importance of label‐free administration and quantification. The MP‐SPR based approach hold high potential as a powerful non‐invasive platform to be implemented in manufacturing of therapeutic cell‐ and cargo‐based interventions. For any therapy applications, validated non‐invasive and label independent NP intake measurement systems would be important.
Relations between attachment, identity and borderline personality disorder symptom severity in male inpatients with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Wojtynkiewicz Ewa , Sekowski Marcin
Published: April 2022

Insecure attachment style and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms are related to the severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and can also complicate its course and treatment. We propose a theoretical model of relationships between adult attachment style and BPD and AUD symptom severity in which the sense of identity is a mediator. The aim of our study was to test this model in a sample of male inpatients with AUD. Male inpatients with AUD (N = 114) aged 22–72 years (M = 43.05; SD = 9.84) completed the Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised, the Multidimensional Identity Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Borderline Symptom List 23. Results showed that the sense of identity fully mediated the positive relationship between attachment anxiety and BPD symptom severity. There was also a positive indirect effect of attachment avoidance on BPD symptoms via weaker sense of identity. Contrary to hypothesis, AUD symptom severity was not related to attachment, identity or BPD symptoms in our sample. Sense of identity could be a possible target for interventions for insecurely attached men with AUD to reduce BPD symptoms.
Association between landing biomechanics, knee pain, and kinesiophobia in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ohji Shunsuke , Aizawa Junya , Hirohata Kenji , Ohmi Takehiro , Mitomo Sho , Koga Hideyuki , Yagishita Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Kinesiophobia is a fear of physical movement and activity and is known to affect return to sports and second injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective

To determine the association among landing biomechanics, knee pain, and kinesiophobia in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Clinical center of sports medicine.

Participants

This study included 31 athletes who participated in sports after primary, unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (age, median [interquartile range]: 20.0 [7.0] years; body mass index: 22.2 [2.6] kg/m2; time from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 24.0 [23.0] months).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Kinesiophobia was measured using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia‐11. Knee function included joint laxity, strength, and single‐leg hop distance. Knee pain intensity during sports activities was measured using a numerical rating scale. Vertical ground reaction force was measured, and electromyography data for the vastus medialis and semitendinosus muscles during single‐leg jump landing were collected. Univariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to identify the associations between the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia‐11 score and outcome measures.

Results

There was no correlation between peak vertical ground reaction force and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia‐11 score (Spearman's r = −0.17, p = .355). On multiple regression analyses, lower preparatory vastus medialis activity during landing (beta coefficient = −0.51, p < .001) and knee pain intensity (beta coefficient = 0.57, p < .001) were significantly associated with greater Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia‐11 scores.

Conclusions

In athletes who have participated in sports following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, lower preparatory vastus medialis activity during landing and knee pain intensity are associated with greater kinesiophobia. These findings indicate that interventions to address the landing muscle activity pattern and pain control should be performed to decrease kinesiophobia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
The effect of melt drawing ratio on the crystal structural change and performance of polyketone extrusion cast film
Authors: Xu Ruijie , Yin Liangdong , Chen Jiaqiang , Xie Jiayi , Yin Zefeng , Lei Caihong
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the polyketone (POK) extrusion cast film is manufactured by melt stretching method, and the evolution process of the crystal morphology and mechanical properties with the increase of melt drawing ratio (MDR) are followed. The results show that the melt stretching process produces many micro shish‐kebab crystals in the POK. The length of the shish crystal and the thickness of the kebab crystal hardly increase with MDR, but the lateral length of the kebab crystal shows linear growth when MDR exceeds 40. The crystalline morphology of POK is mainly affected by melt relaxation. The molecular chain has sufficient relaxation during cooling at a low MDR (20–40). At this time, micro shish‐kebab crystals are mainly randomly arranged. When MDR exceeds 40, the rapid melt stretching shortens the relaxation time of the tie chain between the neighborhood shish crystal, and the atomic force microscopy image shows a typical shish‐kebab structure. This experimental result indicates that the formation of the oriented lamella structure may be related to the relaxation of the molecular chains between the micro‐shish. When the length of the shish axis and the thickness of the kebab lamellae are similar, it is difficult to distinguish the two.
SPI “sandwich”: Combined SUMO‐Peptide‐Intein expression system and isolation procedure for improved stability and yield of peptides
Authors: Lamer Tess , van Belkum Marco J. , Wijewardane Anjalee , Chiorean Sorina , Martin‐Visscher Leah A. , Vederas John C.
Published: April 2022

Recombinant peptide production in Escherichia coli is often accomplished through cloning and expression of a fusion protein. The fusion protein partner generally has two requirements: (a) it contains an affinity tag to assist with purification and (b) it can be cleaved off to leave only the desired peptide sequence behind. Common soluble fusion partners include small ubiquitin‐like modifier protein (SUMO), maltose‐binding protein (MBP), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), or intein proteins. However, heterologously expressed peptides can suffer from proteolytic degradation or instability. This degradation can pose a major issue for applications requiring a large amount of purified peptide, such as NMR structural assignments or biochemical assays. Improving peptide yield by testing various expression and isolation conditions requires a significant amount of effort and may not lead to improved results. Here, we cloned and expressed four different peptides as SUMO fusion proteins. These peptides (lactococcin A, leucocin A, faerocin MK, neopetrosiamide A) were truncated during expression and isolation as SUMO fusions, resulting in low yields of purified peptide. To prevent this degradation and improve yield, we designed a new expression system to create a “sandwiched” fusion protein of the form: His6‐SUMO‐peptide‐intein (SPI). These sandwiched peptides were more stable and protected against degradation, resulting in improved yields (up to 17‐fold) under a set of standard expression and isolation procedures. This SPI expression system uses only two commercially available vectors and standard protein purification techniques, and therefore may offer an economical and facile route to improve yields for peptides that undergo degradation.
Structural and functional characterization of TrmM in m6A modification of bacterial tRNA
Authors: Jeong Hyeonju , Lee Yeji , Kim Jungwook
Published: April 2022

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), widely distributed in both coding and noncoding RNAs, regulates the epigenetic signals and RNA metabolism in eukaryotes. Although this posttranscriptional modification is frequently observed in messenger and ribosomal RNA, it is relatively rare in transfer RNA. In Escherichia coli, TrmM encoded by yfiC is the tRNA‐specific N6 methyltransferase, which modifies the A37 residue of tRNAVal (cmo5UAC) using S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine as a methyl donor. However, the structure–function relationship of this enzyme is not completely understood. In this report, we determined two x‐ray crystal structures of Mycoplasma capricolum TrmM with and without S‐adenosyl‐l‐homocysteine, which is a reaction product. We also demonstrated the cellular and in vitro activities of this enzyme in the m6A modification of tRNA and the requirement of a divalent metal ion for its function, which is unprecedented in other RNA N6 methyltransferases, including the E. coli TrmM. Our results reveal that the dimeric form of M. capricolum TrmM is important for efficient tRNA binding and catalysis, thereby offering insights into the distinct substrate specificity of the monomeric E. coli homolog.
Energetic Order of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 Polymorphs
Authors: Grimm Benjamin , Nitzsche Moritz , Bredow Thomas
Published: April 2022

Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 are materials with important technical applications, e.g., in electrochemistry as anode materials for Li or Na storage, or as selective oxidation catalysts. The properties of both oxides largely depend on their various polymorphs with different crystal structures. So far, the literature does not agree on which polymorphs of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 are most stable under standard conditions. Herein, the relative stability of all relevant polymorphs of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 is calculated using density‐functional theory and the recently developed rev2‐POB basis sets. First, a benchmark of the atomization‐free enthalpies of Nb2O5 is performed with selected generalized gradient approximation and hybrid functionals. The effect of London dispersion on structural and energetic properties is explicitly investigated. A large scattering of atomization energies is observed for the various functionals. The range‐separated hybrid functional RSHXLDA without dispersion correction proves to be the method of choice for the systems under investigation. For this reason, the stability order obtained with RSHXLDA is consisdered as most reliable.