bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced mechanical properties and self‐healing behavior of PNIPAM nanocomposite hydrogel by using POSS as a physical crosslinker
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Shen Weiwei , Dou Jingcheng , Meng Yang , Fang Shaoming , Liu Ruixue
Published: September 2019

In this study, water‐soluble octa(3‐chloroammoniumpropyl) silsesquioxane (OCAPS) was found to aggregate into nanoparticles with a positive charge in solution, which can attract persulfate anion radical to initiate N‐isopropylacrylamide monomers. Due to the electrostatic and hydrogen bond interaction between OCAPS and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chain, OCAPS can act as an effective physical crosslinker to result in a nanocomposite hydrogel (OCAPS‐PNIPAM) with very small loading N, N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (50–100 ppm). The incorporation of OCAPS increases the crosslinking degree of the PNIPAM hydrogel and decreases the swelling ratio in deionized water. The mechanical properties of OCAPS‐PNIPAM hydrogel were enhanced greatly by the presence of OCAPS and can be adjusted by the feed ratio. The compression and elasticity moduli vary from 3.52 to 7.59 kPa and 7.67 to 33.91 kPa, respectively. The tensile strength ranges from 6.82 to 243.41 kPa with fracture energy between 503.5 and 4781.7 J·m−2. Rheological measurements suggest that OCAPS‐PNIPAM hydrogels have stable networks and the loss factor decreases as increasing OCAPS content. OCAPS‐PNIPAM hydrogels also can self‐heal under certain conditions with low crosslinker loading. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48486.
Application of Image Compression Ratio Analysis as a Method for Quantifying Complexity of Dental Enamel Microstructure
Authors: Hogg Russell T. , Richardson Carol
Published: September 2019

It is well recognized that enamel microanatomy in mammals reflects biomechanical demands placed upon teeth, as determined by mechanical properties of species' diets, use of teeth as weapons, and so forth. However, there are limited options for researchers wishing to perform large‐scale comparisons of enamel microstructure with adaptive questions in mind. This is because to date there has been no efficient method for quantification and statistical analysis of enamel complexity. Our study proposes to apply a method previously developed for quantification of 3D tooth cusp morphology to the problem of quantifying microstructural enamel complexity. Here, we use image compression ratio (ICR) as a proxy variable for enamel complexity in 2D enamel photomicrographs taken using circularly polarized transmitted light microscopy. ICR describes the relationship between a digital image captured in an uncompressed file format and the identical image that has had its file size compressed using computer algorithms; more complex images receive less compression. In our analyses, ICR analysis is able to distinguish between images of teeth with simple, radial enamel and teeth with complex decussating enamel. Moreover, our results show a significant correlation between ICR and enamel complexity ranks assigned via visual assessment. Therefore, our results demonstrate that ICR analysis provides a viable methodology for efficient comparison of overall enamel complexity among dental samples. Anat Rec, 302:2279–2286, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Extracellular Matrix in Secondary Palate Development
Authors: Logan Shaun M. , Ruest L. Bruno , Benson M. Douglas , Svoboda Kathy K. H.
Published: September 2019

The secondary palate arises from outgrowths of epithelia‐covered embryonic mesenchyme that grow from the maxillary prominence, remodel to meet over the tongue, and fuse at the midline. These events require the coordination of cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression, all of which take place in the context of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Palatal cells generate their ECM, and then stiffen, degrade, or otherwise modify its properties to achieve the required cell movement and organization during palatogenesis. The ECM, in turn, acts on the cells through their matrix receptors to change their gene expression and thus their phenotype. The number of ECM‐related gene mutations that cause cleft palate in mice and humans is a testament to the crucial role the matrix plays in palate development and a reminder that understanding that role is vital to our progress in treating palate deformities. This article will review the known ECM constituents at each stage of palatogenesis, the mechanisms of tissue reorganization and cell migration through the palatal ECM, the reciprocal relationship between the ECM and gene expression, and human syndromes with cleft palate that arise from mutations of ECM proteins and their regulators. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Retracted: Alpinumisoflavone Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer via Upregulating miR‐141‐3p
Authors: Fang Ming , Liu Yu , Liu Qing , Qian Li
Published: September 2019

Alpinumisoflavone (AIF) as a principal active ingredient of traditional Chinese herb Derris eriocarpa exerts a broad spectrum of anticancer activities against solid tumors. However, little is known about the effect of AIF on papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of AIF on cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis of PTC cells and uncover its underlying mechanisms. Results showed that AIF treatment notably suppressed cell viability, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, as well as induced apoptotic cell death. In addition, microarray analysis results revealed that miR‐141‐3p level was dramatically elevated upon AIF insulation, suggesting that miR‐141‐3p may mediate the suppressive role of AIF against PTC. Moreover, miR‐141‐3p knockdown effectively reversed the effects of AIF on cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT, while promoted PTC cell apoptosis escape. Furthermore, in vivo findings also confirmed that the antigrowth and antimetastasis activities of AIF were, at least partly, mediated by upregulation of miR‐141‐3p. Overall, AIF could serve as a potential anticancer compound for PTC treatment. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1842–1850, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Access to a Stereoisomer Library of Solomonamide Macrocycles
Authors: Jachak Gorakhnath R. , Athawale Paresh R. , Choudhury Rahul , Kashinath K. , Reddy D. Srinivasa
Published: September 2019

In an attempt towards understanding stereo‐structure activity relationships (SSARs), we have prepared eight possible stereoisomers of solomonamide macrocycles, in particular, by changing the stereochemical pattern of non‐peptide fragment AHMOA. Here, we have demonstrated different ways to construct three contiguous chiral centers present in solomonamide B macrocycle using substrate/reagent‐controlled methods. These methods involve Brown crotylation, NHK reaction and Evans aldol addition as key steps to synthesize key non‐peptide fragment. Further, these non‐peptide fragments were converted to their corresponding macrocycles via ligand‐free intramolecular Heck reaction.
Serum vitamin D concentrations are inversely related to prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Qatari women
Authors: Ganji Vijay , Sukik Ayah , Alaayesh Haya , Rasoulinejad Hodais , Shraim Mujahed
Published: September 2019

Hypovitaminosis D has reached epidemic proportions in Qatar. Vitamin D is linked to several cardiometabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), diabetes, and atherosclerosis. It is not known if vitamin D status is linked to cardiometabolic risk factors in Qatari women. Therefore, a relationship between serum 25‐hydroxyvitmain D [25(OH)D] concentrations and MetSyn was investigated in Qatari women using the Qatar Biobank database. Study sample consisted of 700 women, aged 20–80 years old. A multivariate‐adjusted logistic regression was used to determine relation between serum 25(OH)D and MetSyn prevalence. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D and markers of MetSyn. Prevalences of MetSyn in the first (≈32%), second (≈27%), and third (≈28%) serum 25(OH)D quartiles were significantly higher compared to fourth serum 25(OH)D quartile (≈17.5%) (p < .035). The likelihood of having MetSyn was significantly higher in the first serum 25(OH)D quartile (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.06, 3.49) compared to the fourth serum 25(OH)D quartile (p < .001) in multivariate‐adjusted analysis. No relationship was observed between serum 25(OH)D and waist circumference, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), blood glucose, HDL‐cholesterol, and serum triglycerides. This study showed an inverse relationship between prevalence of MetSyn and serum 25(OH)D in Qatari women. Given the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Qatar, consideration should be given to vitamin D fortification of some selected staple foods and through targeted supplementation of vitamin D in those who are at risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
Internationalization as a strategy for small and medium‐sized enterprises and the impact of regulatory environment: An emerging country perspective
Authors: Rahman Mahfuzur , Akter Mansura , Radicic Dragana
Published: September 2019

This study focuses on identification, categorization and comparison of regulatory barriers to internationalization for the small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) from an emerging market context. Primary data were collected to develop and validate a structural model to assess the salient regulatory barriers of internationalization with a particular attention to the SMEs in Bangladesh. Structured questionnaire has been used to collect data from 212 SMEs operating in Bangladesh. The results indicate that both administrative and economic regulatory barriers are significant for the internationalization of SMEs whereby administrative regulatory barriers are slightly more substantial. This study provides further discussion from both theoretical and methodological aspects. By developing and validating structural model, this study contributes to the literature on small business and regulation with particular attention to the emerging markets.
Potential of the genetically transformed root cultures of Plumbago europaea for biomass and plumbagin production
Authors: Beigmohamadi Mina , Movafeghi Ali , Jafari Samineh , Sharafi Ali
Published: September 2019

Plumbago europaea L. is the main source of plumbagin which is a well‐known pharmacological active compound. In this investigation, genetically transformed roots of P. europaea were obtained by improving some factors affecting the efficiency of Agrobacterium rhizoigenes‐mediated transformation such as explant type, A. rhizoigenes strain, bacterial infection period, co‐cultivation period and acetosyringone concentration. The leaf, hypocotyl and stem explants from in vitro grown plantlets were infected with bacterial strains (A4, ATCC15834, MSU440 and A13). The highest transformation rate of 69.3% was achieved after 7–9 days by inoculating A. rhizogenes MSU440 strain onto the 3‐week‐old stem explants followed by a co‐cultivation period of 2 days on a medium containing 100 μM acetosyringone. To investigate the existence of the rolB gene, polymerase chain reaction was carried out using specific primers. Effects of growth media (MS, 1/2 MS, MS‐B5 and ½ MS‐B5), different sucrose concentrations and illumination on biomass production and plumbagin biosynthesis in P. europaea hairy root cultures were analyzed using stem explants after infection with MSU440 strain. ½ MS‐B5 liquid medium containing 30 g L−1 sucrose incubated in the dark resulted in the efficient biomass production of transformed hairy roots (12.5 g fresh weight, 1.8 g dry weight) with 3.2 mg g−1 DW plumbagin accumulation. This procedure provides a framework for large‐scale cultivation of hairy roots for plumbagin production. This is the first report describing the establishment of P. europaea hairy root culture with special emphasis on plumbagin production.
Computer‐Guided Surgery Using Human Allogenic Bone Ring With Simultaneous Implant Placement: A Case Report
Authors: Simpson Kerri Thomas , Bryington Matthew , Agusto Michele , Harper Matthew , Salman Arif , Schincaglia Gian Pietro
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The allogenic bone ring technique allows for horizontal and vertical bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement in severely compromised sites. The aim of this report is to present a modified protocol for simultaneous placement of implant and allogenic bone ring graft using a computer‐guided surgery technique.

Case Presentation

Patient's chief complaint was to replace a missing lateral incisor. The implant site presented both vertical and horizontal tissue deficiencies. Study models and wax‐ups were digitally scanned to stl files and merged with the existing CBCT data in the implant planning software. A 3D representation of an allogenic bone ring was developed, and two digitally designed guides were created: a 5 mm sleeve guide for the implant site and a 7 mm sleeve guide for the allogenic bone ring trephine. Both the implant site and the allogenic bone ring recipient site were prepared using the computer‐generated guides. Once the ring was adapted into the recipient site, the implant was inserted through the allogenic bone ring. The healing was monitored and the implant was restored at 12 months. The accuracy of implant placement was measured and the difference in the final positioning was as follows: 0.6 mm at entry point, 0.55 mm vertical displacement, 1.94 mm at the apex, and angle discrepancy 6.1°.

Conclusion

The use of computer‐guided technology for planning and placement of an allograft bone block with simultaneous implant insertion allows for a prosthetically driven team approach to compromised site grafting in addition to improving precision and accuracy when compared with non‐guided techniques.
Controlling the phase of iron oxide nanoparticles fabricated from iron(III) nitrate by liquid flame spray
Authors: Sorvali Miika , Nikka Markus , Juuti Paxton , Honkanen Mari , Salminen Turkka , Hyvärinen Leo , Mäkelä Jyrki M.
Published: September 2019

Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in a liquid flame spray process from iron(III) nitrate. The choice of chemicals and all other process parameters affects the crystallographic phase composition and the quality of the material. Adjustment of the solvent composition and the gas flow rates was used to control the phase composition of the produced particles. All samples consisted of pure maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) or a mixture of maghemite and hematite (α‐Fe2O3). When using pure alcohols as solvents, the maghemite/hematite phase ratio could be adjusted by changing the equivalence ratio that describes the oxidation conditions in the flame zone. A large residual particle mode formed in the size range of ~20‐700 nm along with a dominant very fine particle mode (2‐8 nm). Both phases seemed to contain large particles. A partial substitution of methanol with carboxylic acids turned the hematite phase into maghemite completely, even though some of particles were possibly not fully crystallized. Residual particles were still present, but their size and number could be decreased by raising the heat of combustion of the precursor solution. 30 vol‐% substitution of methanol with 2‐ethylhexanoic acid was adequate to mostly erase the large particles.
Numerical simulation and application experiment of the spontaneous combustion tendency of a coal stockpile covered with pulverized coal
Authors: Chu Ruizhi , Wang Minglei , Meng Xianliang , Liu Peng , Liu Zhenyi , Wu Jiaxin , Yang Deguang , Chen Hui , Bai Lei
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we developed a new method for preventing the spontaneous combustion of a coal stockpile covered by pulverized coal. This technique is based on the numerical‐simulation analysis of endothermic/exothermic balance in coal stockpile. Depth and height are confirmed to be the main factors influencing the endothermic/exothermic balance in coal stockpiles and the hot‐spot region is easily formed at a coal stockpile height of 1‐1.5 m and a depth of 2‐3 m, where there is the highest tendency for spontaneous combustion. The numerical simulation and the 120‐day application test both confirm that the diffusion process of oxidation can be prevented and the coal oxidation reaction can be hindered by covering the surface of the hot region with pulverized coal. As a result, the coal spontaneous combustion is prevented effectively.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve transection in mice results in translational upper airway dysfunction
Authors: Haney Megan M. , Hamad Ali , Woldu Henok G. , Ciucci Michelle , Nichols Nicole , Bunyak Filiz , Lever Teresa E.
Published: September 2019

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is responsible for normal vocal‐fold (VF) movement, and is at risk for iatrogenic injury during anterior neck surgical procedures in human patients. Injury, resulting in VF paralysis, may contribute to subsequent swallowing, voice, and respiratory dysfunction. Unfortunately, treatment for RLN injury does little to restore physiologic function of the VFs. Thus, we sought to create a mouse model with translational functional outcomes to further investigate RLN regeneration and potential therapeutic interventions. To do so, we performed ventral neck surgery in 21 C57BL/6J male mice, divided into two groups: Unilateral RLN Transection (n = 11) and Sham Injury (n = 10). Mice underwent behavioral assays to determine upper airway function at multiple time points prior to and following surgery. Transoral endoscopy, videofluoroscopy, ultrasonic vocalizations, and whole‐body plethysmography were used to assess VF motion, swallow function, vocal function, and respiratory function, respectively. Affected outcome metrics, such as VF motion correlation, intervocalization interval, and peak inspiratory flow were identified to increase the translational potential of this model. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate neuronal cell death in the nucleus ambiguus. Results revealed that RLN transection created ipsilateral VF paralysis that did not recover by 13 weeks postsurgery. Furthermore, there was evidence of significant vocal and respiratory dysfunction in the RLN transection group, but not the sham injury group. No significant differences in swallow function or neuronal cell death were found between the two groups. In conclusion, our mouse model of RLN injury provides several novel functional outcome measures to increase the translational potential of findings in preclinical animal studies. We will use this model and behavioral assays to assess various treatment options in future studies.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Modified Porous Au/CeMnOx Nanorods for Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Synthesis via Direct Oxidative Esterification
Authors: Tian Yun , Li Yuchao , Zuo Cuncun , Yin Defeng , Wang Ling , Zheng Yanxia , Huang Haofei , Fu Zhongjun , Wang Ming
Published: September 2019

Porous MnCeOx solid solutions nanorods (PN‐MnCeOx) with different pore sizes were prepared using different carbon chain lengths ionic liquids (C10mimCl, C12mimCl and C14mimCl). Series of novel catalysts with nano‐Au supported on the PN‐MnCeOx, were synthesized and applied to oxidative esterification of aldehydes (benzaldehyde derivatives or methacrolein – MAL) to esters. Catalytic performance was evaluated in batch reactor and the relatively optimum catalyst was screened out. Kinds of characterization methods, such as XRD, TEM, XPS and BET, were applied to analyze crystal plane, microstructure, specific surface area, and porous structure of the catalysts and the structure‐activity relationship could be reasonably explained. The cyclic stability of the catalyst was also tested more than 7 times using MAL and methanol for methyl methacrylate synthesis via one step oxidative esterification.
Tin Oxide Based Nanomaterials and Their Application as Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Beyond
Authors: Zoller Florian , Böhm Daniel , Bein Thomas , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina
Published: September 2019

Invited for this month′s cover is the Minireview by the groups of Prof. Fattakhova‐Rohlfing and Prof. Bein at Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), University of Duisburg‐Essen (UDE), and Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU), on tin oxide‐based anodes for alkali (lithium, sodium, and potassium) ion batteries. The image shows the lithiation, sodiation, and potassiation of a SnO2/graphene composite material represented by a SnO2 unit cell chain‐linked to an underlying graphene sheet. The cross‐section of a battery depicts a branched SnO2‐based nanostructure undergoing conversion and alloying reactions with alkali ions, affecting its nano‐ and microstructure, as indicated by the volume and textural changes. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201901487.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and its behavioral correlates in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Paukner Annika
Published: September 2019

2D:4D ratios are typically lower in adult human males than females and are linked to numerous sex‐differentiated behaviors. 2D:4D ratios are considered an indicator of prenatal androgen exposure; if so, children's 2D:4D ratios would arguably be even better indicators of prenatal androgen exposure since children have experienced fewer postnatal influences than adults. However, sex differences in 2D:4D ratios as well as associations between 2D:4D ratios and sex‐typed behaviors in children have been inconsistent. Several studies also report sex differences and behavioral correlates of 2D:4D ratios in adult non‐human primates, but little is known about 2D:4D ratios in infant non‐human primates. This study examined sex differences in 2D:4D ratios over the first month of life, and associations with behavioral outcomes at 12–24 weeks of age, in N = 304 infant rhesus macaques. An increase in 2D:4D ratios over the first month of life was found, as well as associations with aggression and play behaviors, but no sex differences in 2D:4D ratios were observed. These results highlight the need for future developmental studies of 2D:4D ratios in order to determine not only their stability and predictive value, but also to discern the mechanism connecting prenatal androgen exposure, 2D:4D ratios, and behavioral outcomes.
Integrating alpha, beta, and phylogenetic diversity to understand anuran fauna along environmental gradients of tropical forests in western Ecuador
Authors: Amador Luis , Soto‐Gamboa Mauricio , Guayasamin Juan M.
Published: September 2019

The study of current distribution patterns of amphibian species in South America is of particular interest in areas such as evolutionary ecology and conservation biology. These patterns could be playing an important role in biological interactions, population size, and connectivity, and potential extinction risk in amphibians. Here, we tested the effects of spatial and environmental factors on the variation, turnover, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran amphibian species in tropical forests of western Ecuador. Data for presence/absence of 101 species of 34 genera and 10 families registered in 12 sites (nested in four biogeographic units) were obtained through fieldwork, museum collections, and literature records. We examined the influence of geographical, altitudinal, temperature, and precipitation distances on differences in anuran composition between sites. We found significant positive correlations among all of these variables with anuran distribution. The greatest alpha diversity (species richness) was found in the Equatorial Chocó biogeographic unit. Equatorial Pacific biogeographic unit could act as a transition zone between the Equatorial Chocó and Equatorial Tumbes. The western Andes (Western Cordillera biogeographic unit) was the most dissimilar and exhibited a higher species turnover rate than the other biogeographic units. Our results suggest that precipitation and elevation play a key role in maintaining the diversity of amphibian species in western Ecuador.
Environmental variables associated withNothophaeocryptopus gaeumanniipopulation structure and Swiss needle cast severity in Western Oregon and Washington
Authors: Bennett Patrick I. , Stone Jeffrey K.
Published: September 2019

The environment has a strong influence on the abundance and distribution of plant pathogenic organisms and plays a major role in plant disease. Climatological factors may also alter the dynamics of the interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts.Nothophaeocryptopus(=Phaeocryptopus)gaeumannii, the causal agent of Swiss needle cast (SNC) of Douglas‐fir, is endemic to western North America where it exists as two sympatric, reproductively isolated lineages. The abundance of this fungus and the severity of SNC are strongly influenced by climate. We used statistical and population genetic analyses to examine relationships between environment, pathogen population structure, and SNC severity. AlthoughN. gaeumanniiLineage 2 in western Oregon and Washington was most abundant where SNC symptoms were most severe, we did not detect a significant relationship between Lineage 2 and disease severity. Warmer winter temperatures were inversely correlated with foliage retention (AFR) and positively correlated with the relative abundance of Lineage 2 (PL2). However when distance inland, which was strongly correlated with bothAFRandPL2, was included in the model, there was no significant relationship between Lineage 2 andAFR. Spring/early summer dew point temperatures also were positively associated with totalN. gaeumanniiabundance (colonization index (CI)) and inversely correlated withAFR. Warmer summer mean temperatures were associated with lowerCIand higherAFR. Our results suggest that the two lineages have overlapping environmental optima, but slightly different tolerance ranges. Lineage 2 was absent from more inland sites where winters are colder and summers are warm and dry, while Lineage 1 occurred at most sites across an environmental gradient suggesting broader environmental tolerance. These relationships suggest that climate influences the abundance and distribution of this ecologically important plant pathogen and may have played a role in the evolutionary divergence of these two cryptic fungal lineages.
Communities at the extreme: Aquatic food webs in desert landscapes
Authors: Moran Nicholas P. , Wong Bob B. M. , Thompson Ross M.
Published: September 2019

Studying food webs across contrasting abiotic conditions is an important tool in understanding how environmental variability impacts community structure and ecosystem dynamics. The study of extreme environments provides insight into community‐wide level responses to environmental pressures with relevance to the future management of aquatic ecosystems. In the western Lake Eyre Basin of arid Australia, there are two characteristic and contrasting aquatic habitats: springs and rivers. Permanent isolated Great Artesian Basin springs represent hydrologically persistent environments in an arid desert landscape. In contrast, hydrologically variable river waterholes are ephemeral in space and time. We comprehensively sampled aquatic assemblages in contrasting ecosystem types to assess patterns in community composition and to quantify food web attributes with stable isotopes. Springs and rivers were found to have markedly different invertebrate communities, with rivers dominated by more dispersive species and springs associated with species that show high local endemism. Qualitative assessment of basal resources shows autochthonous carbon appears to be a key basal resource in both types of habitat, although the particular sources differed between habitats. Food‐web variables such as trophic length, trophic breadth, and community isotopic niche size were relatively similar in the two habitat types. The basis for the similarity in food‐web structure despite differences in community composition appears to be broader isotopic niches for predatory invertebrates and fish in springs as compared with rivers. In contrast to published theory, our findings suggest that the food webs of the hydrologically variable river sites may show less dietary generalization and more compact food‐web modules than in springs.
Environmental effects on community productivity of aquatic macrophytes are mediated by species and functional composition
Authors: Fu Hui , Yuan Guixiang , Li Wei , Ge Dabing , Zou Dongsheng , Huang Zhenrong
Published: September 2019

Environmental variations are rapidly altering plant species and functional composition, which may have consequent influences on ecosystem functioning. We measured species and functional diversity of macrophyte community as well as environmental variables in 1,008 plots in 24 freshwater lakes across Yunnan–Guizhou plateau and Yangtze River in south China. We used generalized multilevel path models to test how the environmental effects on macrophytes productivity directly and indirectly through changes in species and functional diversity. We found distinct species and functional responses to the four groups of environmental variables:water quality, heterogeneity, climate, and topography. Macrophyte communities tended to be high richness and dominated by species with high‐stem dry mass content and long flowering duration at eutrophic, heterogeneous, high altitude, or deepwater habitats. Submersed and annual species with high‐specific leaf area dominated in heterogeneous and high altitude conditions, whereas species with high shoot and leaf dry mass content as well as thin stem and lamina dominated in heterogeneous and low‐altitude conditions. Functional dispersion (FDis) decreased in heterogeneous and high‐altitude habitats and increased at deepwater. These changes in functional composition have subsequently significant influences on community productivity, involving the opposite pathways of positive effects of community‐weighted mean (CWM) traits and negative effects of FDis, ultimately contributing to the observed invariable macrophytes productivity along the tested environmental gradients. Our results provide strong evidences that both species and functional composition mediate the cascading effects of environments on macrophytes productivity.
False‐negative detections from environmental DNA collected in the presence of large numbers of killer whales (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Pinfield Róisín , Dillane Eileen , Runge Anne Kathrine W. , Evans Alice , Mirimin Luca , Niemann Jonas , Reed Thomas E. , Reid David G. , Rogan Emer , Samarra Filipa I. P. , Sigsgaard Eva Egelyng , Foote Andrew D.
Published: September 2019

While environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming increasingly established in biodiversity monitoring of freshwater ecosystems, the use of eDNA surveys in the marine environment is still in its infancy. Here, we use two approaches: targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR) and whole‐genome enrichment capture followed by shotgun sequencing in an effort to amplify killer whale DNA from seawater samples. Samples were collected in close proximity to killer whales in inshore and offshore waters, in varying sea conditions and from the surface and subsurface but none returned strongly positive detections of killer whale eDNA. We validated our laboratory methodologies by successfully amplifying a dilution series of a positive control of killer whale DNA. Furthermore, DNA of Atlantic mackerel, which was present at all sites during sampling, was successfully amplified from the same seawater samples, with positive detections found in ten of the eighteen eDNA extracts. We discuss the various eDNA collection and amplification methodologies used and the abiotic and biotic factors that influence eDNA detection. We discuss possible explanations for the lack of positive killer whale detections, potential pitfalls, and the apparent limitations of eDNA for genetic research on cetaceans, particularly in offshore regions.
Vitamin B12 Enables Consecutive Generation of Acyl and Alkyl Radicals from One Reagent
Authors: Potrząsaj Aleksandra , Ociepa Michał , Baka Oskar , Spólnik Grzegorz , Gryko Dorota
Published: September 2019

Co complex – Cby(OMe)7 ‐ enables consecutive generation of alkyl and acyl radicals from adequately designed carboxylic acids possessing a halogen atom in theirs structures. Mechanistic studies reveal that alkyl corrins forms at much higher rate than the respective acyl derivatives enabling selective reactions with activated olefins.
Preparation and Characterization of Mixed Halide MAPbI3−xClx Perovskite Thin Films by Three‐Source Vacuum Deposition
Authors: Babaei Azin , Soltanpoor Wiria , Tesa-Serrate Maria A. , Yerci Selcuk , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J.
Published: September 2019

Chloride is extensively used in the preparation of metal halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3–xClx), but its persistence and role in solution‐processed materials has not yet been rationalized. Multiple‐source vacuum deposition of perovskites enables a fine control over thin‐film stoichiometry and allows the incorporation of chemical species irrespective of their solubility. Herein, the first example of mixed MAPbI3–xClx thin films prepared by three‐source vacuum deposition is presented using methylammonium iodide (MAI), PbI2, and PbCl2 as precursors. The optoelectronic properties of the material are evaluated through photovoltaic and electro‐/photoluminescent characterizations. Besides the very similar structural and optical properties of MAPbI3 and MAPbI3–xClx, an increased electroluminescence efficiency, longer photoluminescence lifetimes, as well as larger photovoltage, are observed in the presence of chloride, suggesting a reduction of nonradiative charge recombination.
Genomic and clinical predictors of lacosamide response in refractory epilepsies
Authors: Heavin Sinéad B. , McCormack Mark , Wolking Stefan , Slattery Lisa , Walley Nicole , Avbersek Andreja , Novy Jan , Sinha Saurabh R. , Radtke Rod , Doherty Colin , Auce Pauls , Craig John , Johnson Michael R. , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Krause Roland , Kunz Wolfram S. , Marson Anthony G. , O'Brien Terence J. , Sander Josemir W. , Sills Graeme J. , Stefansson Hreinn , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico ,   EPIGEN Consortium,   EpiPGX Consortium, Depondt Chantal , Sisodiya Sanjay , Goldstein David , Lerche Holger , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Delanty Norman
Published: September 2019

Objective

Clinical and genetic predictors of response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are largely unknown. We examined predictors of lacosamide response in a real‐world clinical setting.

Methods

We tested the association of clinical predictors with treatment response using regression modeling in a cohort of people with refractory epilepsy. Genetic assessment for lacosamide response was conducted via genome‐wide association studies and exome studies, comprising 281 candidate genes.

Results

Most patients (479/483) were treated with LCM in addition to other AEDs. Our results corroborate previous findings that patients with refractory genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) may respond to treatment with LCM. No clear clinical predictors were identified. We then compared 73 lacosamide responders, defined as those experiencing greater than 75% seizure reduction or seizure freedom, to 495 nonresponders (<25% seizure reduction). No variants reached the genome‐wide significance threshold in our case‐control analysis.

Significance

No genetic predictor of lacosamide response was identified. Patients with refractory GGE might benefit from treatment with lacosamide.
Identification of modal parameters of a 600‐m‐high skyscraper from field vibration tests
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Li Qiusheng
Published: September 2019

Accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of a high‐rise building subjected to dynamic loads such as earthquake and wind excitations requires the information of its structural dynamic properties such as modal parameters including natural frequencies and damping ratios. This paper presents the identification results of the modal parameters based on field vibration tests on a 600‐m high skyscraper. A set of tests, including ambient vibration test (AVT) and free vibration test (FVT), were conducted on the skyscraper to identify its modal parameters. Firstly, this paper presents and discusses the modal parameters of the skyscraper assessed by several identification methods applied to the AVT measurements. These methods include the wavelet transform (WT) method, the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method, and the random decrement technique (RDT). Secondly, an active mass damper (AMD) system with total mass 1000 tons equipped into the skyscraper was used to excite the building for estimation of the modal parameters by FVT. Thirdly, this paper presents observations on the structural dynamic behavior of the skyscraper with the operation of the AMD system during a typhoon event. The field measurement results show that the AMD system functioned efficiently for suppression of the wind‐induced vibrations of the skyscraper during the typhoon. This paper aims to further understand the structural dynamic properties of super‐tall buildings and provide useful information for structural design and vibration control of future skyscrapers.
Propagation of hydraulic fracture under the joint impact of bedding planes and natural fractures in shale reservoirs
Authors: Gong Tao , Xia Binwei , Liu Lang , Peng Ziye , Gao Yugang
Published: September 2019

The generation of the complex fracture network through hydraulic fracturing is a prerequisite for economic exploitation of shale gas. Bedding planes and natural fractures in shale reservoirs exert a direct impact on the propagation of hydraulic fracture and the formation of the complex fracture network. Based on theoretical analysis and flow‐stress‐damage coupled approach, the propagation of hydraulic fracture under the joint impact of the bedding planes and the natural fractures is studied. The results show the main factors that influence the fracture propagation are the horizontal principal stress difference, the minimum horizontal principal stress, the approaching angle of bedding plane (AABP), the intersection angle of natural fracture (IANF), and the cohesion of the reservoir matrix and the bedding plane. The bigger the horizontal principal stress difference is and the smaller AABP and the cohesion are, the more likely hydraulic fracture will propagate toward the direction of the maximum horizontal principle stress; the smaller AABP and the cohesion are, the more easily it will propagate along the bedding planes; AABP and IANF are the key factors that affect the fracture network formation and both of them bear a negative correlation on the principal stress difference for the formation of the fracture network; the smaller the stress difference and the cohesion difference between the bedding plane and the reservoir matrix are, and AABP is close to IANF and they are in the middle of its value range, the more easily the fracture network forms. The research results are of great significance to reveal the propagation law of hydraulic fracture and the formation of the complex fracture network in shale reservoirs and the efficient exploitation of shale gas.
Hepatobiliary Analyses Suggest Chronic PAH Exposure in Hakes (Urophycis spp.) Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Struch Rachel E. , Pulster Erin L. , Schreier Andrea D. , Murawski Steven A.
Published: September 2019

Prior to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, we lacked a comprehensive baseline of oil contamination in the Gulf of Mexico's sediments, water column, and biota. Gaps in prespill knowledge limit our ability to determine the aftereffects of the Deepwater Horizon blowout or prepare to mitigate similar impacts during future oil spill disasters. We examined spatiotemporal differences in exposure to and metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 2 hake species (Urophycis spp.) to establish a current baseline for these ecologically important, abundant, and at-risk demersal fishes. Gulf hake (Urophycis cirrata) and southern hake (Urophycis floridana) were collected throughout the Gulf of Mexico during extensive longline surveys from 2012 to 2015. Analyses of biliary PAH metabolites and liver PAH concentrations provided evidence of exposures to di- and tricyclic compounds, with the highest concentrations measured in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Species-specific differences were not detected, but temporal trends observed in biliary PAHs suggest a decrease in acute exposures, whereas increasing liver PAHs suggest chronic exposures marked by greater assimilation than metabolism rates. To our knowledge, the present study provides the first multitissue contaminant analyses, as well as the most exhaustive biometric analyses, for both gulf and southern hakes. Though sources of exposure are complex because of multiple natural and anthropogenic PAH inputs, these results will facilitate the development of much needed health metrics for Gulf of Mexico benthos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2740–2749. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Analyses of biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and liver PAH concentrations provide evidence of recent and chronic exposure to di- and tricyclic compounds, with the highest concentrations measured in the northern Gulf of Mexico. DWH = Deepwater Horizon; NC = north central; SW = southwest; WFS = west Florida shelf.
Do not de‐escalate oncology care in oropharyngeal cancer routinely
Authors: Szturz Petr , Vermorken Jan B.
Published: September 2019

See article on page 145–146, in this issue
A Prospective Study Identifying Predictive Factors of Cardiac Decompensation After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: The Toulouse Algorithm
Authors: Billey Chloé , Billet Sophie , Robic Marie Angèle , Cognet Thomas , Guillaume Maeva , Vinel Jean Pierre , Péron Jean Marie , Lairez Olivier , Bureau Christophe
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is now a standard for the treatment of portal hypertension–related complications. After the TIPS procedure, incidence and risk factors of cardiac decompensation are poorly known. The main objectives were to measure the incidence of the onset of cardiac decompensation after TIPS and identify the predictive factors.

Approach and Results

All patients with cirrhosis treated with TIPS between May 2011 and June 2016 were considered for inclusion. They received a cardiac assessment by standard biological parameters, transthoracic echocardiography, and right heart catheterization. Patients were followed for 1 year after TIPS insertion. The main endpoint was the incidence of cardiac decompensation requiring hospitalization. One hundred seventy‐four patients were treated by TIPS during the period. One hundred patients who underwent a complete cardiac evaluation were included. A cardiac decompensation occurred in 20% of the patients. The parameters associated with the occurrence of severe cardiac decompensation were a prolonged QT interval corrected (462 vs. 443 ms; P = 0.05), an elevated pre‐TIPS brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level, an elevated E/A ratio (1.5 vs. 1.0; P = 0.001) and E/e′ ratio (11 vs. 7; P < 0.001), and a left atrial dilatation (40 vs. 29 mL/m2; P = 0.011). The presence of aortic stenosis was also associated with cardiac decompensation. A level of BNP <40 pg/mL and NT‐proBNP <125 pg/mL allowed identifying patients without risk of cardiac decompensation. Additionally, absence of diastolic dysfunction criteria at echocardiography ruled out the risk of further cardiac decompensation.

Conclusions

Hospitalization for cardiac decompensation is observed in 20% of patients in the year after TIPS insertion. Combining BNP or NT‐proBNP levels and echocardiographic parameters should help improve patient selection.
Evaluating Mediterranean diet adherence in university student populations: Does this dietary pattern affect students' academic performance and mental health?
Authors: Antonopoulou Marina , Mantzorou Maria , Serdari Aspasia , Bonotis Konstantinos , Vasios Giorgos , Pavlidou Eleni , Trifonos Christina , Vadikolias Konstantinos , Petridis Dimitris , Giaginis Constantinos
Published: September 2019

Adherence to a healthy diet such as Mediterranean Diet (MD) may exert beneficial effects in university students, promoting their academic performance and quality of life, as well as their mental and physical health status. In this aspect, the present study aimed to critically analyze the current epidemiological evidence concerning MD adherence of university students' populations. PubMed database was comprehensively searched, using relative keywords.

Students' dietary habits are moving away from MD guidelines towards unhealthy eating patterns, especially for those living away from home and even for students with a Mediterranean country origin. Most of the available studies have documented that poorer students' health status was associated with lower MD adherence. Higher MD adherence was correlated with lower depression risk, while higher perceived stress score with lower fruit and vegetables intake. The access of students to information and knowledge provided by courses and lectures did not effectively enhance their compliance to MD. Alarmingly enough, the majority of students, even from medical and nutritional university departments, showed inadequate knowledge on healthy eating habits. Due to the influence of diet on the quality of life and the mental and physical health of students, it is crucial to redirect research focus on this important aspect.
Agnostic Cys34‐albumin adductomics and DNA methylation: Implication of N‐acetylcysteine in lung carcinogenesis years before diagnosis
Authors: Dagnino Sonia , Bodinier Barbara , Grigoryan Hasmik , Rappaport Stephen M. , Karimi Maryam , Guida Florence , Polidoro Silvia , Edmands WIlliam B. , Naccarati Alessio , Fiorito Giovanni , Sacerdote Carlotta , Krogh Vittorio , Vermeulen Roel , Vineis Paolo , Chadeau‐Hyam Marc
Published: September 2019

Although smoking and oxidative stress are known contributors to lung carcinogenesis, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. To shed light into these mechanisms, we applied a novel approach using Cys34‐adductomics in a lung cancer nested case–control study (n = 212). Adductomics profiles were integrated with DNA‐methylation data at established smoking‐related CpG sites measured in the same individuals. Our analysis identified 42 Cys34‐albumin adducts, of which 2 were significantly differentially abundant in cases and controls: adduct of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC, p = 4.15 × 10−3) and of cysteinyl‐glycine (p = 7.89 × 10−3). Blood levels of the former were found associated to the methylation levels at 11 smoking‐related CpG sites. We detect, for the first time in prospective blood samples, and irrespective of time to diagnosis, decreased levels of NAC adduct in lung cancer cases. Altogether, our results highlight the potential role of these adducts in the oxidative stress response contributing to lung carcinogenesis years before diagnosis.