bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When healthcare providers are supportive, ‘I'd rather not test alone’: Exploring uptake and acceptability of HIV self‐testing for youth in Zimbabwe – A mixed method study
Authors: Mavodza Constancia V. , Mackworth‐Young Constance R. S. , Bandason Tsitsi , Dauya Ethel , Chikwari Chido Dziva , Tembo Mandikudza , Apollo Tsitsi , Ncube Getrude , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida Abbas , Bernays Sarah
Published: September 2021

Introduction

In sub‐Saharan Africa, less than half of young people know their HIV status. HIV self‐testing (HIVST) is a testing strategy with the potential to offer privacy and autonomy. We aimed to understand the uptake and acceptability of different HIV testing options for youth in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Methods

This study was nested within a cluster randomized trial of a youth‐friendly community‐based integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health intervention for youth aged 16–24 years. Three HIV testing options were offered: (1) provider‐delivered testing; (2) HIVST on site in a private booth without a provider present; and (3) provision of a test kit to test off site. Descriptive statistics and proportions were used to investigate the uptake of HIV testing in a client sample. A focus group discussion (FGD) with intervention providers alongside in‐depth interviews, paired interviews and FGDs with a selected sample of youth clients explored uptake and acceptability of the different HIV testing strategies. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.

Results

Between April and June 2019, 951 eligible clients were tested for HIV: 898 (94.4%) chose option 1, 30 (3.25%) chose option 2 and 23 (2.4%) chose option 3. Option 1 clients cited their trust in the service and a desire for immediate counselling, support and guidance from trusted providers as the reasons for their choice. Young people were not confident in their expertise to conduct HIVST. Concerns about limited privacy, confidentiality and lack of support in the event of an HIV‐positive result were barriers for off‐site HIVST.

Conclusions

In the context of supportive, trusted and youth‐friendly providers, youth clients overwhelmingly preferred provider‐delivered HIV testing over client‐initiated HIVST or HIVST off site. This highlights the importance of listening to youth to improve engagement in testing. While young people want autonomy in choosing when, where and how to test, they do not want to necessarily test on their own. They desire quality in‐person counselling, guidance and support, alongside privacy and confidentiality. To increase the appeal of HIVST for youth, greater provision of access to private spaces is required, and accessible pre‐ and post‐test counselling and support may improve uptake.
Outage statistics of double gamma–gamma random process and its application to cooperative optical wireless communication relay systems
Authors: Dejanovic Milan , Dubljanin Milan , Kontrec Natasa , Panic Stefan , Djosic Danijel , Stefanovic Mihajlo
Published: September 2021

This article investigates outage statistics of double gamma–gamma random variable (RV) modeled as the product of two independent and identically distributed gamma–gamma RVs. The outage closed‐form statistics in terms of the first‐order statistical measures (probability density function and cumulative distribution function) and the second‐order statistical measures (level crossing rate and average fade duration) by Laplace approximation integral (LAI) and exponential LAI are derived. The statistical results are directly related to the performance evaluation of dual‐hop as well as cooperative dual‐hop optical wireless communications over moderate to strong turbulence‐induced fading channels.
Complex network theoretic assessment of precipitation‐driven meteorological drought in India: Past and future
Authors: Jha Vibhuti Bhushan , Gujrati Ashwin , Singh R P
Published: September 2021

Spatiotemporal analysis of droughts is important especially for future climate scenarios. We use complex network theoretic measures to understand spatiotemporal properties of precipitation‐driven meteorological drought across India in past and future climate scenarios. We construct drought networks using event synchronization (ES) for moderate and extreme drought conditions derived using Standardized Precipitation Index at an aggregated scale of 6 months (SPI‐6). Network measures like degree, closeness, betweenness and directionality are used to understand spatiotemporal properties of drought events. ES‐based networks can capture synchronous events and help in ascertaining drought propagation through different regions. This study provides insight into the structural properties of drought networks and how they change for projected climate regimes. We find drought hotspots as well as regions which are vulnerable to spatially separated drought events. In the past, regions in western India were vulnerable to extreme droughts propagating from other regions of the country. Use of complex networks also reveals changes in drought propagation directions in future climate scenarios. Furthermore, using centrality measures, we also identify regions which aid in drought propagation and act as pathways connecting drought hotspots. Thus, changes in structural and topological properties of complex networks can be used to understand the impact of climate change across regions.
Extent and distribution of surface soil acidity in the rainfed areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Gizaw , Kassawmar Tibebu , Tadesse Matebu , Zeleke Gete
Published: September 2021

The soil acidity level is a key soil characteristic that determines soil nutrient availability, soil microbial activities, and crop growth. This study was carried out to predict the extent and severity of soil acidity based on 109,704 soil pH samples collected from soil laboratories and compiled from various studies. Rainfall, altitude, slope gradient, soil, and land cover were considered to generate multivariate interpolated soil pH surface. The performance of the co–kriging model was found to be satisfactory with a standard error of 0.77, root mean square error of 0.51, and R2 of 0.74. The model estimates showed that 47% of the Country's total area and 45% of the rainfed areas are acidic (pH < 6.5). Out of the total area of the Country, 3.7% (42,264 km2) is found to be extreme to strong acidic (pH < 5.5), 20.7% (236,724 km2) is moderate acidic (5.6 < pH < 6.0), and 22.5% (257,290 km2) is slight acidic (6.0 < pH < 6.5), whereas the respective coverage in the rainfed agricultural areas is found to be 12% (80,732 km2), 18% (120,500 km2), and 14.6% (97,202 km2). As informed by the model results, integrated acid soil management efforts should be given a priority to severe soil acidity areas of western, central, northwestern, and southern parts of the Country. Thus, appropriate integrated land management techniques that enable to reduce soil acidity and halt land degradation should be initiated, informed by the map produced. Regularly updating the extent and distribution of surface and sub‐surface soil acidity is recommended in future studies.
Investigating academic conference publications from provincial administrative regions in the mainland of China
Authors: Zhang Guijie , Wei Fangfang , Wang Peixin , Liang Yikai
Published: September 2021

This paper conducted a comparative analysis of the conference publications published by Chinese scholars from 2006 to 2019. The main results are as follows. First, the conference papers are unevenly distributed among the 31 provincial administrative regions. The annual number of conference papers published by scholars from different regions fluctuated during the study period. Second, there are different disciplinary distributions of China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) papers and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) papers, and the CPCI publications have a relatively centralized disciplinary distribution. Third, it is noteworthy that there are more CPCD papers than CPCI papers. With the introduction of the new science and technology evaluation standards of the Ministry of Science and Technology, there should be more conference papers in the future.
Free surface lubrication of rotating cylinders by impacting Newtonian liquid jet
Authors: Bizjan Benjamin , Širok Brane , Blagojevič Marko
Published: September 2021

Free surface lubrication of rotating cylinders by Newtonian liquid jets was investigated at different impingement positions, jet‐ and circumferential velocities. The interaction between impinging round laminar jet and rotating surface was characterised by high‐speed imaging. Compared to flat surface impingement, the liquid deposition mechanism is more complex and often accompanied by phenomena such as splashing, jet deflection and formation of radial surface stripes. Liquid splashing initially develops in direct deposition regime due to hydraulic jump‐induced droplet shedding, transitioning to lamella instability splash at higher Reynolds numbers. The critical Reynolds number for splash onset is of same order of magnitude as for flat surface impingement and fairly constant at low relative jet impingement angles, but increases exponentially when angle approaches 90°. Liquid film width and thickness were both determined proportional to the square root of the jet/surface velocity ratio, with respective power law models in good agreement with measured values.
An accurate numerical technique for fractional oscillation equations with oscillatory solutions
Authors: Li Xiuying , Wang Hongliang , Wu Boying
Published: September 2021

The solution of fractional oscillation equations exhibits highly oscillatory behavior. It is a challenging work to find efficient numerical methods for fractional oscillation equations. The objective of this paper is to develop an accurate numerical technique for fractional oscillation equations with oscillatory solutions. The present method combines the variation‐of‐constants formula with the reproducing kernel function approximation. The merit of our approach is that it can preserve the oscillatory structure of the solution to the considered fractional initial value problems. Illustrative examples clearly show the reliability and efficiency of the approach.
Evaluation of entheseal changes in a modern identified skeletal collection from Inden (Germany)
Authors: Salega Soledad , Grosskopf Birgit
Published: September 2021

The present study aims to evaluate the frequency of entheseal changes (EC) in a modern skeletal collection from the rural village of Inden, Germany (late 19th–early 20th century), in order to identify general levels of physical activity. The sample is comprised of 66 individuals (51 males and 15 females), whose data on sex, age, and occupation were retrieved from church records. Fourteen fibrous and nineteen fibrocartilaginous entheses of upper and lower limbs were scored in a blind test using two different methods. Grades were converted into binary data, and frequencies of EC were analyzed in each enthesis and in functional complexes by applying a Fisher exact test and a logistic regression. Results showed a higher prevalence for more entheses among female individuals. This does not agree with previous research, but it could be related to the small sample size in this study. More statistically, significant values were found for the relationship between EC and age, which was the main predictor for the presence of EC. However, the percentage of variability that it is explained by age is lower than that found by other studies of European identified collections. This would suggest an interaction with other variables. Regarding occupation, data did not show any clear pattern for the upper limb, whereas for the lower limb, higher frequencies were found for non‐manual workers. Significant values were only found for EC in two entheses of the forearm within the group of manual workers, and one of the feet for non‐manual workers. As with other identified collections, this study was unable to identify distinctive patterns of EC among occupations. This may be due to a combination of different physical activities engaged in or as a result of change of occupation during an individual's lifetime.
Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl‐ and Amino‐Substituted Metallated Ylide
Authors: Jörges Mike , Kroll Alexander , Kelling Leif , Gauld Richard , Mallick Bert , Huber Stefan M. , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: September 2021

α‐Metallated ylides have revealed themselves to be versatile reagents for the introduction of ylide groups. Herein, we report the synthesis of the thiophosphinoyl and piperidyl (Pip) substituted α‐metallated ylide [Ph2(Pip)P=C−P(S)Ph2]M (M=Li, Na, K) through a four‐step synthetic procedure starting from diphenylmethylphosphine sulfide. Metallation of the ylide intermediate was successfully accomplished with different alkali metal bases delivering the lithium, sodium and potassium salts, the latter isolable in high yields. Structure analyses of the lithium and potassium compounds in the solid state with and without crown ether revealed different aggregates (monomer, dimer and hexamer) with the metals coordinated by the thiophosphoryl moiety and ylidic carbon atom. Although the piperidyl group does not coordinate to the metal, it significantly contributes to the stability of the yldiide by charge delocalization through negative hyperconjugation.
Morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystal reinforced poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate): A comparative study on common and novel solvent casting methods
Authors: Mohammadi Mojtaba , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Carreau Pierre J.
Published: September 2021

The mechanical and thermal properties of semicrystalline (sc) and amorphous (a) poly(lactic acid), PLA, and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate), PBAT, and their nanocomposites containing 1 and 3 wt% CNCs, prepared through solvent casting methods using one (N,N‐dimethylformamide [DMF]) or two (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and tetrahydrofuran (THF)) solvents were analyzed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the total amount of crystals of the scPLA/CNC nanocomposites increased, whereas it decreased in the PBAT/CNC systems. In both cases, the crystallization temperature increased with CNC content. In tensile experiments, the Young modulus and yield strength of all nanocomposites were found to increase by incorporating CNCs, more significantly for the samples prepared using one solvent. The elongation at break of both PLA nanocomposites increased when prepared via one solvent, while it decreased for the two solvent methods as well as for PBAT nanocomposites prepared by both methods. The impact properties of the samples prepared by the two solvent methods decreased. In contrast, for the one solvent method, incorporating 3 wt% CNCs improved the impact properties by 32% and 9% in scPLA and aPLA, respectively, but decreased by 4% in PBAT nanocomposites. Also, in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) the storage modulus of scPLA and PBAT/CNC systems increased significantly, especially in the rubbery region (5–85 MPa and 105–155 MPa, respectively). Using a percolation model, the strength of the percolating CNC was found to be dependent on temperature and affected by traces of solvent mostly in the scPLA nanocomposites.
Registration of ten soft red winter waxy wheat germplasm lines
Authors: Ma Fengyun , Sturbaum Anne , Baik Byung‐Kee
Published: September 2021

Waxy wheat carries null alleles at the three Wx loci encoding the granule‐bound starch synthase I and produces endosperm starch composed of mostly amylopectin with less than 5% amylose. The USDA‐ARS developed and released 10 soft red winter (SRW) waxy wheat germplasm lines, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐1, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐2, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐3, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐4, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐5, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐1, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐2, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐3, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐4, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐5 (Reg. no. GP‐1061 to Reg. no. GP‐1070, PI 698615 to PI 698624), by the introgression of the null alleles at the Wx loci from a soft spring waxy wheat germplasm to two SRW wheat cultivars adapted to the eastern region of the United States. Ten waxy wheat germplasm lines were selected from BC4 or BC5 derivatives of the SRW wheat cultivars ‘Kristy’ and ‘Wilson’ (99ID490/5*Kristy and 99ID490/6*Wilson). The kernel hardness and starch amylose content of 10 SRW waxy wheat germplasm lines ranged from 34.1 to 63.1 and 2.5–7.2%, respectively, while those of wild types and SRW wheat parents carrying the functional alleles at the three Wx loci ranged from 33.9 to 60.4 and 26.8–27.0%, respectively. The starch of the waxy wheat germplasm lines exhibited a lower pasting temperature, higher peak viscosity, and lower setback value than the corresponding wild‐type wheat starch. These waxy wheat germplasm lines would be useful for the development of SRW wheat cultivars carrying different null alleles at the Wx loci that are adapted to the eastern region of the United States.
Theoretical investigation of metal oxides for SO2 capture through first‐principles calculations
Authors: Kang Sung Gu
Published: September 2021

Atmospheric pollution is an accelerating environmental issue. Thus, methods to mitigate this problem are highly important. In this study, metal oxide‐based materials for capturing SO2 were theoretically identified using first‐principles calculations. In specific, the thermodynamic properties of MnO, Na2O, K2O, and Ag2O for capturing SO2 were assessed by computing their vibrational density of states. The rank of the maximum temperature for capturing SO2 as sulfites in decreasing order was K2O > Na2O > MnO > Ag2O at a wide range of SO2 pressure. For Na2O and K2O that showed a higher range of SO2 capture temperatures than MnO and Ag2O as sulfites, the maximum temperature of these two compounds for capturing SO2 as sulfates was further explored. The maximum temperature of the metal oxides for capturing SO2 changed upon pressurization of metal oxides. The maximum temperature of each metal oxide increased with increasing positive pressure (i.e., compression) and decreased with increasing negative pressure (i.e., expansion).
Event‐triggered optimal tracking control of multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems via adaptive critic designs
Authors: Zhang Yongwei , Zhao Bo , Liu Derong , Zhang Shunchao
Published: September 2021

In this article, the event‐triggered optimal tracking control problem for multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems is investigated by using adaptive critic designs. By constructing a neural network (NN)‐based observer with input–output data, the system dynamics of multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems is obtained. Subsequently, the optimal tracking control problem is converted to an optimal regulation problem by establishing a tracking error system. Then, the optimal tracking control policy for each player is derived by solving coupled event‐triggered Hamilton‐Jacobi (HJ) equation via a critic NN. Meanwhile, a novel weight updating rule is designed by adopting concurrent learning method to relax the persistence of excitation (PE) condition. Moreover, an event‐triggering condition is designed by using Lyapunov's direct method to guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the closed‐loop multiplayer systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is verified by two different multiplayer nonlinear systems.
Closed‐form solution for real‐time optimal walking pattern generation constrained by the desired amount of capture point
Authors: Park Sangsin
Published: September 2021

I present a calculus variations problem for an optimal zero‐moment point (ZMP) pattern, and derive a closed‐form solution satisfying two‐boundary conditions of ZMP and an additional constraint, which is a difference between a current capture point and another. In addition, I present a closed‐form solution for the equation of motion of the linear inverted pendulum model, or a cart‐table model using the optimal ZMP pattern. Through the closed‐form solutions, a current walking pattern is generated with every step period, and is connected with a previous pattern without discontinuity. I demonstrate my optimal walking pattern generator with 13 forward steps, and compare power consumption with walking, using a linearly interpolated ZMP pattern for effectiveness. Moreover, I indicate the walking pattern changes in real‐time, depending on varying step lengths.
Large‐diameter post‐installed bonded fasteners in very low compressive strength concrete
Authors: Guillet Thierry , Degiovanni Pierre Jean , Bruchet Etienne , Al‐Mansouri Omar , Vannier Mickael
Published: September 2021

This paper describes tests performed with large, post‐installed bonded fasteners installed in concrete of very low compressive strength. Concrete with several strengths were studied, including strength classes under C20/25. The goal was to determine whether such connections could be designed according to EN 1992‐4, as they deviate from the scope of this standard by the fact that the concrete is outside the permissible compressive strength range. Additionally, these tests aimed to cover the knowledge gap regarding bonded fasteners installed with large‐diameter threaded rods, deep embedment depths, and reduced edge distances, since little research has been done in this area. Tests on single fasteners and on a group of four anchors were performed, and the results were compared with the design values calculated according to EN 1992‐4. Conclusions have been drawn, and possible underestimation of the load‐bearing capacity of such anchorages has been quantified.
Intrinsic Localized Mode in a Multiple Mass Dynamic Vibration Systems Using Nonlinear Magnetic Springs
Authors: Lee SangGook , Hirata Katsuhiro , Kato Masayuki
Published: September 2021

Intrinsic localized mode (ILM) can be generated in multiple mass‐spring systems using nonlinear springs, and ILM has attracted a lot of attention due to its special vibration modes that are not found in linear systems. However, the difficulty of creating nonlinearity remains a barrier to ILM research. In this paper, we propose a rotating magnetic spring based on magnetic nonlinearity. The nonlinear restoring properties of the proposed magnetic spring are confirmed by finite element method (FEA). Finally, using the restoring properties obtained from FEA, it is shown that ILM can be excited by MATLAB numerical analysis. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Low serum folate concentrations in dogs with non‐associative immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia
Authors: Zoia Andrea , Morris Joanna S. , Drigo Michele , Ventura Laura , McBrearty Alix R.
Published: September 2021

Background

Folate deficiency in people can occur in conditions causing increased demand, including haemolytic anaemia. This has not been investigated in dogs with non‐associative immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA).

Methods

Cohort study of 15 dogs with non‐associative IMHA. Haematocrit (HCT) and serum folate concentrations were measured at presentation and each subsequent venipuncture performed for monitoring. The relationship between serum folate concentrations and HCT was investigated using linear and logistic mixed‐effects regression models and in paired samples using a one‐tailed pairedt‐test.

Results

Low serum folate concentrations occurred in five of 15 dogs. In 126 samples, a significant positive relationship was found between HCT and corresponding serum folate concentrations. A significant relationship was found between dichotomised folate concentrations (below the reference interval or within/above the reference interval) and HCT and between serum folate concentrations and dichotomised HCT (less than or equal/above 0.30 L/L). For paired samples (available in eight dogs), the mean serum folate concentration of samples with the lowest HCT was significantly lower than that of samples in which the HCT first exceeded 0.30 L/L.

Conclusions

Low serum folate concentrations were observed in some dogs with non‐associative IMHA. Further studies are needed to determine the cause and investigate whether folate supplementation would be beneficial.
Postmortem findings of secondary brodifacoum poisoning in a kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
Authors: Stalder Sandro , Vogler Barbara R. , Ammer Hermann , Sinniger Martin , Albini Sarah
Published: September 2021

A male common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) was found dead in a field in April 2019 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, and was submitted to the Department for the Protection of Animals and the Environment of the cantonal police Zurich. Because the common kestrel is a protected species, the carcass was forwarded to the Department for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, University of Zurich, for forensic examination. On necropsy, profuse internal haemorrhage without causal trauma was observed, leading to the suspicion of intoxication with an anticoagulant. Liver tissue samples were sent to the Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany, for anticoagulant residue analysis, revealing an amount of 40.3 ng/g brodifacoum, a second‐generation anticoagulant rodenticide. Information from the finding site did not give any evidence of wilful poisoning, thus secondary rodenticide poisoning through intoxicated prey was determined as the cause of death.
Downsizing in total hip arthroplasty. A short stem as a revision implant
Authors: Coutandin Marcel , Afghanyar Yama , Rehbein Philipp , Dargel Jens , Drees Philipp , Kutzner Karl Philipp
Published: September 2021

Background

Short stems have constantly gained popularity in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) over the last decade. Although cementless short stems are not primarily designed to be used as revision implants, there may be certain indications for which downsizing the femoral component in failed conventional THA is potentially advantageous.

Methods

In this single center retrospective case series, six patients who underwent revision using a calcar-guided short stem after failed THA are presented. The mean follow-up was 3.32 years (SD 0.63 years). The health status was evaluated by the EQ-5D-5L score. Patient reported outcome measurements (PROM) were recorded using the Harris hip score (HHS) and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Pain and satisfaction were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Radiographic analysis was performed by evaluating osteolysis, stress shielding, alignment and signs of aseptic loosening. Complications were documented.

Results

At last follow-up the mean EQ-5D-5L index was 0.851 (SD 0.098). Clinical outcome was excellent (HHS ≥ 90) in 4 patients and moderate (HHS 71 and 79) in 2 patients. The mean WOMAC score was 9.20% (SD 12.61%). Pain and satisfaction on VAS were 1.00 (SD 1.15) and 9.17 (SD 0.37), respectively. No major complications occurred. To date, no further revision surgery was needed. Radiologically, no signs of subsidence, aseptic loosening, stress shielding and fractures were obvious.

Conclusion

The present case series indicates that in failed conventional THA downsizing may be considered a treatment option, using short stem THA in selected cases.
Acetabular reconstruction with femoral head autograft in primary total hip arthroplasty through a direct anterior approach is a reliable option for patients with secondary osteoarthritis due to developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Kaiser Dominik , Ried Emanuel , Zingg Patrick O. , Rahm Stefan
Published: September 2021

Background

Developmental dysplasia is challenging to treat with total hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach (DAA). Reconstructing the former anatomy while restoring the acetabular bone stock for future revisions in this young patient collective combined with the known advantages of the DAA would be desirable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility, radiographic outcome and clinical outcome of primary uncemented total hip arthroplasty with bulk femoral head autograft for acetabular augmentation through a DAA with a minimal follow-up of 12 months.

Methods

A retrospective, consecutive series from March 2006 to March 2018 of 29 primary total hip arthroplasty with acetabular augmentation with bulk femoral head autograft through a direct anterior approach was identified. All complications, reoperations and failures were analyzed. Radiographic and clinical outcome was measured.

Results

24 patients (29 hips) with a mean age of 43 (18–75) years and a mean follow-up of 35 months (12–137) were included. Surgical indication was secondary osteoarthritis for developmental dysplasia of the hip (Hartofilakidis Grade A (n = 19), B (n = 10)) in all cases. We noted no conversion of the approach, no dislocation and no acetabular loosening. The center of rotation was significantly distalized by a mean of 9 mm (0–23) and significantly medialized by a mean of 18 mm (6–29). The bone graft was fully integrated after 12 months in all cases.

Conclusion

Acetabular reconstruction with femoral head autograft in primary THA through a direct anterior approach seems to be a reliable option for the treatment of secondary osteoarthritis in patients with DDH Hartofilakidis grade A and B. Prospective cohort studies with a large sample population and a long-term follow-up are necessary to confirm our findings.
„ReviRis – Revitalising Post-Mining Regions“
Authors: Ammerer Gloria , Schimek Peter
Published: September 2021

Im Zuge des EIT RawMaterials-Projektes „ReviRis – Revitalising Post-Mining Regions“ werden Bergbaugebiete weltweit mit ihren Auswirkungen auf die jeweiligen Bergbaufolgelandschaften betrachtet. Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung eines partizipativen, evaluativen Leitfadens (toolbox), der bei der Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Strategien zur Revitalisierung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften und Übergangslandschaften eingesetzt werden kann. Zielgruppen sind regionale und lokale Entscheidungsträger (Industrie, Gemeinden, Raumplaner und Behörden). Starkes Augenmerk wird auch auf die Beteiligung und das Engagement der verschiedensten Interessengruppen, allen voran der lokalen Bevölkerung, gelegt.

Am 22. Juni 2021 fand im Zuge des Projektes der erste online Workshop zum Thema „Revitalisierung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften – Untersuchung von Erfolgsfaktoren oder Gründen für Misserfolge“ statt. Das Ziel dieser Veranstaltung war es, ausgewählte Beispiele von revitalisierten Bergbaufolgelandschaften vorzustellen und die Erfolgs- oder Misserfolgsfaktoren des Revitalisierungs- und Managementprozesses darzustellen.

Folgende Revitalisierungsprojekte wurden präsentiert:

Zinnbergwerk Geevor (Großbritannien), Lavrion Technological Cultural Park (Griechenland), Goldmine Złoty Stok (Polen), Kupfer- und Anhydritbergwerk Lubichów (Polen), Ölschieferbergwerk Ojamaa (Estland), Abenteuerzentrum Kiviõli (Estland), St. Barbara Mine (Kroatien), Steirischer Erzberg (Österreich).

Im Zuge dieses Artikels werden die vorgestellten erfolgreichen Projekte näher erläutert, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der rechtlichen sowie auf der aktuellen Situation in Österreich – am Fallbeispiel des Steirischen Erzberges – liegt. Der Steirische Erzberg stellt insofern ein spannendes Praxisbeispiel dar, dass im Gegensatz zu anderen österreichischen Vorzeigeprojekten wie z. B. zu den Revitalisierungsarbeiten der „GKB-Bergbau GmbH“ oder auch der „Bleiberger Bergwerks Union“ nach Einstellung der Bergbautätigkeit, in Eisenerz gleichzeitig mit vielen alternativen Nutzungen noch immer und auch noch für Jahrzehnte aktiver Erzabbau betrieben wird.
Einbindung von Erzeugungsanlagen mit Vollumrichter in das Überlagerungsverfahren zur Kurzschlussstromberechnung
Authors: Schäkel Nils , Hofmann Lutz
Published: September 2021

In diesem Aufsatz wird eine Erweiterung des Überlagerungsverfahrens vorgestellt, um das spannungsabhängige Fault Ride Through-Verhalten von Erzeugungsanlagen mit Vollumrichter zur Berechnung des betriebspunktabhängigen Anfangs-Kurzschlusswechselstroms zu berücksichtigen. Zudem werden die physikalischen Grenzen des in den Technischen Anschlussregeln in Deutschland geforderten Kurzschlussstrombeitrags aufgezeigt. In dem entwickelten iterativen Kurzschlussstromberechnungsverfahren führt das Überschreiten der physikalischen Grenzen durch den Kurzschlussstrombeitrag der Erzeugungsanlagen mit Vollumrichter zu Konvergenzproblemen. Zur Identifikation der betroffenen Anlagen werden die zulässigen bzw. unzulässigen Betriebspunkte in Abhängigkeit von der Kurzschlussspannung hergeleitet. Eine exemplarische Kurzschlussstromberechnung zeigt den Einfluss des Vorfehlerzustandes der Erzeugungsanlagen mit Vollumrichter sowie die Auswirkungen einer Wirkstromeinspeisung im Kurzschlusszustand auf den Anfangs-Kurzschlusswechselstrom.
Systematic review of former unaccompanied immigrant minors’ access to healthcare services in the United States
Authors: Misra Sanghamitra M. , Holdstock Natalie , Baez Johanna Creswell , Garcia Nohemi , Guiterrez Adriana , Swamy Padma , Lee Keya , Bjugstad Arlene
Published: September 2021

Aim

Former unaccompanied immigrant minors (UMs) now living in the USA are a uniquely vulnerable population. The US Office of Refugee Resettlement shelters provide health services, but most are discontinued once UMs leave the shelters. A systematic review was therefore designed to quantify access to medical, mental, and dental healthcare services by former UMs living in the USA.

Subject and methods

The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO. A search was made in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Academic Search Complete in June 2020. Full-text review, data extraction, and data analysis were completed by all authors.

Results

Searches returned a total of 2646 studies, of which 15 met all eligibility criteria. There was an overlap in the services investigated in the studies — 13 assessed mental health, ten assessed medical, and four included dental care. Sample sizes ranged from one to 4809, and there was a wide range of study designs. Some studies included multiple locations. Nine studies demonstrated success in community-based clinics or programs; one in a hospital, four in schools, three in group living settings, and one in U.S. Customs Border Patrol (CBP) custody. Three studies explored access to services post-release from shelters.

Conclusions

Healthcare programs at shelters, schools, and in the community have provided some screening and diagnosis of medical, mental health, and dental conditions for UMs, but multiple financial and cultural barriers make ongoing treatment difficult to access. Long-term studies following UMs in shelters and post-release through adulthood are needed to help create new, or modify existing, programs, to adequately support UMs now living in the USA.
Caring for Patients Without Documentation Status: What Motivates Us and Sustains Us
Authors: Kaki Dahlia A. , Dutt Anjali , Alwan Riham M.
Published: September 2021

Restrictive policies and limited resources create challenges for care delivery for patients without documentation status (PWDS). This study explores the motivators and sustainers for healthcare providers serving PWDS. Twenty-four direct providers in public and private sectors were interviewed using semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Two members of the research team independently coded interviews using inductive thematic analysis. Four major themes emerged illustrating intrinsic and extrinsic sources that motivated and sustained providers: (1) a sense of calling to serve their community; (2) solidarity is sustaining; (3) organizational culture as a key element for provider engagement; (4) insight into necessary change. Providers who care for PWDS are driven and sustained by internal motivations and a sense of solidarity in working towards better care access for their marginalized patients. Findings illustrate the importance of recruiting and retaining providers with histories of recent migration. Immigration and healthcare policy reform may improve provider workflow.
Following the pest outbreak: preliminary findings on the landscape effect on Dasineura oleae and its parasitoids in central Italy
Authors: Picchi Malayka Samantha , Tondini Elena , Albertarelli Nicola , Monteforti Gaia , Petacchi Ruggero
Published: September 2021

Dasineura oleae (Angelini, 1831) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the olive leaf gall midge, is a pest of olive crops that was not problematic in Italy until 2016 when a massive infestation of this pest was reported in a small region in central Italy. We identified infested olive orchards using farmers’ reports and quantified the pest infestation level and parasitism rate in each field. We also explored the effect of the landscape on both the pest and parasitoids using the abundance of olive crops and semi-natural habitats and the Shannon index, estimated at four different scales (250 m, 500 m, 750 m and 1000 m buffers around the sampling points). The results showed a small-scale effect on the parasitism rate and a large-scale effect on leaf infestation mediated by the Shannon Index. Moreover, some preliminary results showed that the parasitism rate was high in sites where plants associated with D. oleae parasitoids were present in the adjacent semi-natural habitat. Further studies are needed to validate our findings on the effect of landscape and vegetation on the natural enemies of D. oleae in order to develop new suppression strategies.
Analysis of flow field characteristics of cycloidal pump based on fluid solid interaction
Authors: Yong Liu , Longlong Huang , Jingsong Xu , Yanhua Wang
Published: September 2021

At present, in the aspect of numerical simulation of a cycloid pump, most researchers are based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) to analyze the pump under different operating conditions (such as speed, temperature), and the performance of a pump under FSI (fluid solid interactions) is rare. Firstly, a model of cycloidal pump is established in COMSOL. The simulation results obtained by applying CFD and FSI are verified by experiments. Then, the flow in the rotating region and the inlet and outlet cavities are analyzed. Finally, through further analysis of the internal flow, improved design scheme of the cycloid pump is put forward, the inlet flow of the cycloid pump increased by 5.8% compared with the unoptimized, the inlet flow pulsation decreased by 32.7%. The discharge flow of the cycloid pump increased by 16.3%, the pulsation rate of discharge flow decreased by 47%. It provides a reference for other pump research, analysis and improvement design.
Racial Order, Racialized Responses: Interminority Politics in a Diverse Nation
Authors: Pérez Efrén O. , Kuo E. Enya
Published: September 2021

America's racial sands are quickly shifting, with parallel growth in theories to explain how varied groups respond, politically, to demographic changes. This Element develops a unified framework to predict when, why, and how racial groups react defensively toward others. America's racial groups can be arrayed along two dimensions: how American and how superior are they considered? This Element claims that location along these axes motivates political reactions to outgroups. Using original survey data and experiments, this Element reveals the acute sensitivity that people of color have to their social station and how it animates political responses to racial diversity.
The Institutional Foundation of Countermobilization: Elites and Pro-Regime Grassroots Organizations in Post-Handover Hong Kong
Authors: Yuen Samson
Published: September 2021

Countermobilization has been a common strategy for autocrats to counteract the threat of opposition. Although the use of countermobilization has drawn scholarly attention, research on the mechanisms that enable countermobilization remains limited. This article underscores the role of political institutions in allowing autocrats to carry out countermobilization through incentivizing elites to serve as a bridge between the state and the masses. Focusing on the case of Hong Kong, where pro-government countermobilization is rising along with pro-democracy challenges against the hybrid regime, the article argues that countermobilization is enabled because societal elites are incentivized through political institutions to organize the masses and develop mobilization capacity through grassroots organizations. Using original elite biographical data and organizational data, the article shows that elites with more ties with grassroots organizations are more likely to remain in office in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The findings offer an institutionalist explanation of how authoritarian rulers enact countermobilization by leveraging elite intermediaries and their grassroots networks. In this light, political institutions can serve as a conduit for the state to extend social control.
RECONSTRUCTING STATE OBLIGATIONS TO PROTECT AND FULFIL SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN AN ERA OF MARKETISATION
Authors: Birchall David
Published: September 2021

States hold international human rights obligations to protect rights-holders from infringements by third parties and to fulfil access to rights. States also increasingly rely on businesses to provide essential human rights resources, including for housing, food, and healthcare. How these obligations apply where States rely on businesses has not been adequately conceptualised, particularly regarding the scope of business infringements in this context, and how the obligation to fulfil relates to market regulation. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has not directly addressed these questions, but recent General Comments develop ambitious regulatory obligations in this area. However, their methodology is questionable, often collapsing the distinction between obligations to protect and to fulfil. This article reconstructs the obligations to provide distinct content under each. It delineates State duties to protect from profiteering and to fulfil human rights through market regulation. It concludes by arguing that this reconstruction may challenge central aspects of globalised capitalism based on the human rights harm inherent therein.
How do presbylarynx and presbycusis affect the Voice Handicap Index and the emotional status of the elderly? A prospective case–control study
Authors: Rodrigues Dias D , Santos M , Sousa F , Azevedo S , Sousa e Castro S , Freitas S , Almeida e Sousa C , Moreira da Silva Á
Published: September 2021

Objective

To assess the influence of presbylarynx and presbycusis on Voice Handicap Index and emotional status.

Methods

A case–control, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted of patients aged 65 years or older referred to an otorhinolaryngology department from January to September 2020. Presbycusis was assessed by pure tone and vocal audiometry. Each subject underwent fibre-optic videolaryngoscopy with stroboscopy, and presbylarynx was considered when two or more of the following endoscopic findings were identified: vocal fold bowing, prominence of vocal processes in abduction, and a spindle-shaped glottal gap. Each subject completed two questionnaires: Voice Handicap Index and Geriatric Depression Scale (short-form).

Results

The studied population included 174 White European subjects, with a mean age of 73.99 years, of whom 22.8 per cent presented both presbylarynx and presbycusis. Multivariate linear regression revealed that only presence and severity of presbylarynx had an influence on Voice Handicap Index-30 scores. However, both spindle-shaped glottal gap and presbycusis influenced Geriatric Depression Scale scores.

Conclusion

Presbylarynx has a strong association with the impact of voice on quality of life. Presbylarynx and presbycusis seem to have a cumulative effect on emotional status.
Opera and the Built Environment
Authors: Vasilyeva Laura
Published: September 2021

In June 2020 one more video was released into the all-accommodating cloud. This one shows a concert addressed to 2,292 plants, one in each seat of a red velvet-lined auditorium at the Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona. These hand-selected plants are the leafy audience at a performance of Puccini's ‘Crisantemi’ string quartet, conducted in honour of healthcare workers amid lockdown measures to slow the spread of COVID-19. Once the usual announcements about silencing cell phones have been made, the camera closes in on four musicians as each bows to the verdant audience and takes a seat. When the music starts, our view advances from behind the musicians into the opera house: the camera scans the initial rows of the orchestra stalls, then moves into the boxes and balconies. In each successive section of the theatre we see the avatars chosen to listen in place of us. Our representatives are docile and beatific – Puccini seems to soothe them. For a moment the wondrous intrusion of the outside world indoors even starts to seem natural, as if the auditorium can hold the whole world within it, as if there is no outside to this windowless world.
An adaptation of meaning-centered psychotherapy integrating “essential care”: A pilot study
Authors: Quílez-Bielsa E. , Barrado-Moreno V. , Lastra del Prado R. , Arbonés-Mainar José M. , Sebastian-Sanchez M. , Ventura-Faci T.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

There is a growing interest in the emotional state of cancer patients. The main objective of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy and Essential Care (MCP-EC) in patients with advanced cancer compared with usual psychological support. We define “Essential Care” as the promotion of patient care and self-care through the recall of good care experiences and discussion of the concepts: responsibility, self-compassion, kindness, and attitude.

Method

Pilot, single-center, and prospective study of 30 patients with advanced cancer and emotional distress. Our adaptation consisted in three session Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy-Palliative Care, plus a fourth session named “Essential Care”. The study was carried out in two phases. First, 20 patients were randomized to one of the two arms: individual MCP-EC (experimental, n = 10) or usual psychological supportive (control, n = 10). In a second phase, 10 patients were assigned consecutively to Group MCP-EC (n = 10). All patients were evaluated at baseline (pre-) and post-intervention with questionnaires for sociodemographic data and clinical scales.

Results

Nineteen patients completed the 4 sessions of MCP-EC, 9 individual format and 10 group format. Usual supportive intervention was delivered to 10 control patients. Total 28 patients completed pre- and post-treatment evaluations. There were no pre- vs. post-differences in the evaluations of the control group. In the experimental group, significant pre- vs. post-differences were found in EQ-5D-3L, HADS, FACIT, DM, HAI, SCS-SF, and TD questionnaires. These results indicated that MCP-EC reduced anxiety and depression symptoms, hopelessness, demoralization, as well as increased spiritual well-being and sense of meaning. Participants were satisfied and found the MCP-EC intervention positively.

Conclusions

This pilot study suggests that the MCP-EC has feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy reducing the emotional distress in advanced cancer patients. Larger studies are warranted to clarify the strengths and limitations of this psychotherapy.