bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les spécificités de l’enfant bilingue : un parcours langagier encore à explorer
Authors: Duguine Isabelle , Köpke Barbara
Published: April 2022

Les enfants bilingues représentent une proportion non négligeable de la population dans la plupart des pays européens, mais leurs spécificités sont encore très mal connues. Qu’il s’agisse de bilingues précoces issus de l’immigration ou exposés à des langues régionales, une des particularités réside dans l’existence de variations d’ordre individuelles ou environnementales. Cette variabilité s’accentue en présence de troubles du langage si bien que les thérapeutes sont parfois démunis pour établir un diagnostic fiable. A partir d’observations issues d’une étude longitudinale sur le bilinguisme basque-français, le présent article tente de décrire quelques sources de variation en insistant sur le rôle du contexte d’acquisition des langues, celui de la nature de l’input langagier ou encore de la typologie des langues en développement.
Sprachförderstrategien im Unterricht der Sekundarstufe
Authors: Löffler Cordula , Wulff Nadja
Published: April 2022

Der Einsatz von alltagsintegrierten Sprachförderstrategien, deren Wirksamkeit vor allem für den Kindergarten empirisch nachgewiesen werden konnte, hat sich im Unterricht der Sekundarstufe noch nicht hinreichend etabliert. Im Beitrag werden die Unterschiede zwischen Sprachbildung und Sprachförderung skizziert. Die Strategien für die alltagsintegrierte Sprachförderung werden vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf ihr Transferpotenzial für die Sekundarstufe diskutiert. Erläutert wird, wie der Einsatz von Sprachförderstrategien bereits im Lehramtsstudium erarbeitet werden kann. Daran anknüpfend werden im Ausblick die Möglichkeiten einer Verankerung eines entsprechenden Lehrangebots in den Lehramtsstudiengängen formuliert.
Aborder la langue et les langues en milieu scolaire dans le contexte de troubles du langage : le point de vue d’une logopédiste indépendante sur les enjeux et perspectives de collaboration avec l’école
Authors: Monney Viviane
Published: April 2022

Cette contribution, sous forme de partage d’expérience clinique, vise à discuter de la question des langues (celle(s) de l’enfant et de sa famille et celles de l’école) dans le contexte des troubles du langage oral et écrit pris en charge en logopédie. Cette question sera abordée au travers de ce que les langues ont en commun et du support de la réflexion métacognitive, et plus précisément métalinguistique, considérées comme des outils thérapeutiques spécifiques, rejoignant toutefois les données issues du développement typique et la notion de différenciation pédagogique.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial team of Babylonia
Published: April 2022

Pour Babylonia, 2021 rime avec réflexions sur les processus d’inclusion et d’exclusion par le langage et, parfois, l’école. Si ce thème est particulièrement transparent en ce qui concerne les premier et dernier numéros de l’année (justice sociale et représentation des femmes), c’est aussi le cas en filigrane dans le présent numéro.
En nous intéressant aux enfants ayant des besoins particuliers, nous ouvrons en effet la boîte de Pandore des différences individuelles et de notre capacité à y répondre. Et ceci dans un système scolaire encore trop souvent marqué par la croyance qu’il suffit de motivation et d’exposition pour que, tels des éponges, les élèves s’imprègnent des langues étrangères et les intègrent à leurs répertoires linguistiques. Or, l’une des conclusions principales des contributions de ce numéro est que les élèves ayant des difficultés d’apprentissage ont avant tout besoin d’explicitation, de règles, d’exercices répétitifs, et de routines favorisant les apprentissages.
Par ailleurs, lorsque Joe Biden fait de son combat personnel contre le bégaiement un argument électoral, l’on tend à oublier que, pour beaucoup, les difficultés d’élocution se combinent avec d’autres problématiques (sociales, émotionnelles, liées à des situations de stress, etc.), encore amplifiées cette année par la solitude de l’école à distance.
Nous espérons avec ce numéro ouvrir quelques pistes de réflexion sur les attentes des autorités scolaires et sociétales vis-à-vis des élèves qui n’ontpas la chance d’apprendre avec facilité, et parfois pas non plus l’entourage familial et social leur permettant de rattraper leur retard; et nous espérons aussi fournir quelques pistes concrètes pour avancer dans ce domaine éminemment délicat.
Dans cette perspective, nous tenons à remercier tous les enseignants, les logopédistes, et les psychologues qui s’adaptent au mieux à ces enfants et à leurs différences individuelles pour leur donner  le temps, les routines, et les explicitations dont ils ont besoin.
Nous vous souhaitons une bonne lecture et une bonne rentrée scolaire 2021-2022.
L'équipe de rédaction
Une didactique des langues étrangères ciblant l’acquisition des formes phonologiques peut sans doute être profitable à tous les élèves
Authors: Dherbey Chapuis Nathalie
Published: April 2022

La comparaison de l’effet de deux didactiques ciblées sur l’acquisition des représentations phonologiques du français langue étrangère par trois élèves dyslexiques suggère que ces élèves peuvent bénéficier d’un enseignement ciblé, même pour l’acquisition de représentations procédurales. L’enseignement implicite didactisé dans une méthode communicative actionnelle a permis aux élèves dyslexiques observés d’améliorer leurs capacités de discrimination et de maintien de l’information verbale en mémoire de travail, ainsi que leur vocabulaire réceptif, de la même façon qu’un enseignement explicite ciblé. L’enseignement explicite semble cependant, pour les élèves dyslexiques observés, être plus favorable à l’apprentissage de la prononciation.
Eclairage sur le spectre des difficultés des élèves primo-arrivants allophones bénéficiant de mesures liées aux troubles de l’apprentissage et du langage. Comment l’école peut-elle y répondre ?
Authors: Mathivat Noémie , De Meyer Stéphanie
Published: April 2022

Enseignantes en classes d’accueil à Lausanne, notre contribution s'engage à rendre visibles les conditions d’accompagnement de certain∙e∙s adolescent∙e∙s primo-arrivant∙e∙s allophones dont les besoins dépassent l'apprentissage de la seule langue seconde. Ces élèves bénéficient de prestations de l’office de psychologie scolaire afin d’évaluer leur situation et tenter de faciliter leur transition entre pays d’origine et Suisse, pays hôte. Pour nombre d’entre eux et elles c’est en effet la migration qui crée ou amplifie leurs troubles, impactant en retour les apprentissages. Nous décrirons et illustrerons ces situations puis nous émettrons des pistes de réponses en milieu scolaire. Nous prônons des mesures souples pour réduire la tension entre temps d’adaptation nécessaire et urgence institutionnelle.
La transmission des langues familiales : un rôle genré ? Exemple de pères francophones en ville de Berne
Authors: Robin Jésabel
Published: April 2022

Le domaine des langues, de leur étude ou de leur enseignement est traditionnellement plus investi par les femmes que par les hommes. Il en va de même pour les secteurs touchant à l’intimité du foyer et l’éducation des enfants. Situées à l’intersectionnalité, les pratiques de transmission des langues familiales sont-elles vouées à être genrées ? Que nous révèlent les témoignages de pères francophones résidant en ville de Berne interrogés dans le cadre du projet « Politiques linguistiques familiales et institutions scolaires : le cas de parents francophones à Berne » à ce sujet ?
Exploring Representations of Women in a Foreign Language Class
Authors: Milosevic Olja
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the unit named “Representations of Women (From Imposed to Chosen)”. It was taught to a group of seven advanced EFL students in one high school in Serbia. To help them examine the representation of women and how stereotypes are communicated, the teacher introduced three short stories. The stories provided the starting point for discussion that prompted students to examine women’s response to societal demands, stereotypical presentation of women, and how these stereotypes are reflected in language. The learning and language acquisition took place as students examined their views and tried to find roots for some of their beliefs.
La femminilizzazione degli agentivi nell’era digitale: la rappresentazione linguistica delle donne e google translate
Authors: Pescia Lorenza
Published: April 2022

Italiano, tedesco e inglese sono lingue che si comportano diversamente per quanto riguarda l’uso di forme femminilizzate. Se per il tedesco esiste un modello grammaticale affermato, per l’italiano l’uso di forme marcate non è “automatico” ed è spesso oggetto di discussione. Date queste premesse, ci siamo chiesti come si comporti google translate rispetto alla traduzione in italiano di agentivi riferiti a donne. Grazie a tre corpora basati sui profili wikipedia di 200 donne (il primo corpus con testi in italiano, gli altri due con le traduzioni in italiano dal tedesco e dall’inglese) abbiamo osservato quali sono gli elementi che facilitano o ostacolano il riconoscimento del genere, alla luce del nuovo sistema con reti neurali.
Troubles du langage et construction du sens
Authors: Voirol Pascale , Lambelet Amelia
Published: April 2022

Pascale Voirol est logopédiste depuis 2012. Elle a étudié la psychologie à l’Université de Genève puis la logopédie à l’Université de Neuchâtel. Nous avons choisi de lui poser quelques questions sur les difficultés qu’entrainent les troubles du langage pour la construction du sens et le travail effectué par les logopédistes pour remédier à ces obstacles. Elle donne aussi des conseils pratiques aux enseignants de langues étrangères confrontés à des enfants ayant des troubles du langage.
La configuration conjointe des processus de médiation en classe de L2
Authors: Berger Evelyne , Pekarek Doehler Simona
Published: April 2022

Partant du constat que l’interaction sociale se fonde sur la réciprocité et l’adaptation mutuelle des interlocuteurs, nous portons ici un éclairage sur la configuration conjointe des processus de médiation lors de négociations de problèmes linguistiques en classe. Notre objectif est de démontrer comment, au fil même de leur interaction, enseignant-e et élèves créent in situ et conjointement les conditions pour une médiation finement adaptée aux compétences et aux préoccupations des élèves. A cette fin, nous examinons le rapport entre la sollicitation de l’élève et l’aide fournie par l’enseignant. L’analyse des conduites verbales et non-verbales (regards, gestes) des participants révèle la manière dont les processus de médiation répondent moment-par-moment aux préoccupations cognitives de l’élève émergeant spontanément dans le cours de l’échange. Nous illustrerons d’abord les techniques de sollicitation mises en opération par les élèves. Nous discuterons ensuite de cas où l’élève et l’enseignant-e ne s’orientent pas de manière convergente vers un problème linguistique, ce qui a pour conséquence que l’élève ne prête aucune attention à l’élément ciblé par la correction/réparation de l’enseignant-e. Nous conclurons en argumentant en faveur d’une notion de médiation qui rende compte de la nature coconstruite des conditions sociocognitives de l’apprentissage.
Sprachmittlung und Lernerautonomie: Kategorien für die Selbst- und Peer-Evaluation
Authors: Schleicher Regina
Published: April 2022

In der aktuellen Fachdiskussion widmen sich zahlreiche Beiträge der Frage, wie Schülerleistungen im Bereich der Sprachmittlung evaluiert werden können; indes scheint die konzeptionelle Diskussion hierzu noch nicht abgeschlossen zu sein. In der Konzeption von Sprachmittlungsaufgaben hingegen werden zwar die Perspektive und Interessen von Schülerinnen und Schülern stark berücksichtigt, zur Steigerung der Lernerautonomie scheint es zugleich vonnöten die methodische Planung von Peer- und Selbst-Evaluation im schulischen Fremdsprachenunterricht in die Debatte einzubeziehen. Die von Pfeiffer (2013) vorgelegten Kriterien zur Evaluation von Aufgaben richten sich auf die vor der Durchführung stattfindende Erstellung und Auswahl. Als erster Schritt von der Beforschung der Lehr- und Lernmaterialien selbst hin zu deren Nutzung im Unterricht im Sinne einer Lehrwerknutzungsforschung (Kurtz 2011, Schleicher 2017) sollen in diesem Beitrag mit der Peer- und Selbst-Evaluation Aspekte der Durchführung von Aufgaben im Unterricht behandelt werden. Hierbei wird vor allem der bislang in Publikationen zu Sprachmittlung relativ wenig beachtete Anfangsunterricht in den Blick genommen. Die ersten beiden Lernjahre sind für die Herausbildung von Lernstrategien von großer Relevanz, stellen jedoch nicht nur eine Anforderung, sondern auch eine besondere Herausforderung hinsichtlich der Gestaltung altersgerechter und dem Lernstand entsprechender Aufgaben dar. (Vgl. Kolb 2016: 25, 236; Kolb 2008, Michler 2013) Zugleich gilt als gesichert, dass Feedback und Evaluation durch Schülerinnen und Schüler einen Beitrag zur Lernerautonomie leisten. Nach einer Klärung des Begriffs von Lernerautonomie und einigen Stichworten zu vorliegenden Beispielen von Sprachmittlungsaufgaben im Anfangsunterricht hinsichtlich der oben angesprochenen Kriterien von Pfeiffer (2013) wird eine Orientierungshilfe für Feedbacktechniken sowie die Peer- und Selbstevaluation in der Unterrichtspraxis gegeben.
Anything new under the sun?
Authors: Loder Buechel Laura
Published: April 2022

In commemoration of Babylonia’s 30 years of valuable contributions, the following materials are intented to be used with pre-service teachers as prompts for discussions and ideas for creative teaching. The first stems from Piepho’s 1993 work that encourages the use of learning styles in the classroom which nowadays we might look upon slightly more cricitally. The second, based on Putzer’s 1991 article on assessment, shows how we teachers are still struggling to assess holistically and functionally in today’s classrooms, so there nothing much has changed.
Identità e frontiere linguistiche in chiave biografica.
Authors: Losa Stefano , Kappler Daniela
Published: April 2022

« Dans le cadre d’une conception activiste, constructiviste de l’identité et, par conséquent, des groupes et de leur culture, Melucci (1982, 89) argumente ainsi que l’identité ne peut plus être considérée comme simplement «donnée» et ne représente pas non plus un simple contenu traditionnel auquel l’individu doit s’identifier, mais que les individus et groupes participent, par leur comportement, à la formation de leur identité, qui résulte de décisions et de projets plutôt que de conditionnements et d’entraves. Selon Le Page/Tabouret-Keller, le comportement langagier peut en effet être conçu comme une série d’actes d’identité à travers lesquels les interlocuteurs révèlent “et leur identité personnelle et leur aspiration à des rôles sociaux” [both their personal identity and their search for social roles] (1985, 14). L’identité linguistique — et, par là même, la frontière entre groupes linguistiques — se construit, se confirme et se restructure à travers les emplois successifs de figures identitaires, ces emplois étant à interpréter comme autant d’actes d’identité. » (p.7) – In : Georges Lüdi (1994). Qu’est-ce qu’une frontière linguistique ?. Babylonia n°1
De SOX in control-regeling in de Verenigde Staten: een analyse
Authors: Verdoes T.L.M. , Lycklama à Nijeholt M.P. , Koster H.
Published: April 2022

De SOX in control-regeling in de Verenigde Staten: een analyse

In dit artikel onderzoeken de auteurs de bestaande wettelijke regeling over de in control-verklaring in de Verenigde Staten. Na een bespreking van de relevante bepalingen volgt een analyse van de kritiek op deze regeling en de nadelen en voordelen ervan. De auteurs sluiten af met enkele conclusies.
Wat is de invloed van de coronapandemie op due diligence en contractuele afspraken bij mid-market M&A-transacties?
Authors: Beljaars A. , Güntekin G.
Published: April 2022

Wat is de invloed van de coronapandemie op due diligence en contractuele afspraken bij mid-market M&A-transacties?

In dit artikel gaan de auteurs in op de invloed van de corona pandemie en de economische gevolgen ervan op het due diligence onderzoek en contractuele afspraken bij mid-market overnames. De corona pandemie heeft geleid tot een nieuwe dimensie voor juristen en een hernieuwde alertheid voor het verrichten van een due diligenceonderzoek en de te gebruiken contractuele bepalingen. Aan de hand van rechtspraak over de afgelopen twee jaar bekijken de auteurs de contractuele en wettelijke bepalingen die worden gebruikt. Ook doen zij tekstvoorstellen voor contractuele bepalingen die in dat verband in overnamecontracten kunnen worden gebruikt.
Role of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana in Enhancing the Paradigm of Financial Inclusion in Rural India
Authors: Pankaj Gupta  , Vaibhav Shrivastava
Published: April 2022

This article examines the role of the Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojana (PM JDY) in boosting public wealth. Millions of households around the country benefit from financial inclusion and banking access, as well as insurance coverage and a sense of security, thanks to this programme. As a result of integrating this scheme with many other government initiatives, money will be immediately credited into the accounts of the recipients, eliminating intermediaries and reducing leakages. This strategy enables access to micro-credit in the later stages of the programme. Many of the accounts created under this plan, however, were idle, a problem that will be addressed once the government links it to other government-run programmes like NAREGA Job Yojna  and other direct cash benefit transfer programmes. Overall, this plan has the potential to be a game changer and alter the country's landscape. It might be able to help plug leaks and boost the efficiency of specific public distribution networks. A systematic questionnaire was used to collect primary data, while secondary data was gathered from a variety of sources including books, papers, and published materials. Finally, it makes an effort to propose relevant recommendations to improve PM JDY's standing in terms of increasing public wealth.
New Article Format in w/k: Exhibitions
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: April 2022

w/k introduces its new section Exhibitions, which features articles by exhibition makers about exhibitions that fall under the category of Art and Science.
Science-Related: Four New Series
Authors: Tepe Peter
Published: April 2022

Typewritten texts retrieved in an office clear-out have led to three artistic series. A previously compiled, fourth series, which is included here, also establishes a connection between science and art. Two of the series belong to the category science-related art, whilst the other two are assigned to art-related science.
Automated Fine Grained Traceability Links Recovery between High Level Requirements and Source Code Implementations
Authors: Velasco Alejandro , Aponte Jairo
Published: April 2022

Software Traceability has been a matter of discussion in the Software Engineering community for a long time. The process of keeping and recover traces among software artifacts in any system represents a fundamental aspect to properly perform software maintenance tasks and requirements compliance verification. Furthermore, there exist application contexts where this becomes a mandatory process, for instance, banking and healthcare. Software traceability has dedicated efforts in proposing alternatives to recover lost traceability links in a coarse-grained and middle-grained detail by so far, however, proposed techniques are not enough to meet the desired levels of granularity in critical contexts. In this work we propose a fine-grained traceability algorithm designed to recover traces between high level requirements written in human natural language and source code statements where they are implemented. We tested our approach in four open-source healthcare systems to trace constraints requirements specified by the HIPAA law, and we evaluated the results as presented is this paper.
Establishing Best Pedestrian Paths considering SARS-CoV-2 contagions: Mathematical Optimization Model and Mobile Application Approach
Authors: Cantor Juan E. , Montoya Germán A. , Lozano-Garzon Carlos
Published: April 2022

Given the modern SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and the Universidad de Los Andes needs to protect their students against possible contagions at the university campus, we established and design a mobile application to obtain the best route between two places in the campus university for a student. The resulting path obtained by our proposed solution reduces the distance traveled by the student as well as a possible coronavirus contagion during his journey through the university campus. Therefore, we modeled two types of costs: a transport cost that models the distance to travel the campus by a student, and the contagion risk cost that models the contagion susceptibility that a student has during a displacement through the campus. As a result, we developed and validated a solution algorithm that minimizes the two modeled costs. The algorithm results were compared against a Multi-Objective mathematical optimization solution were findings show an solution approximation between the algorithm and the mathematical model. Finally, a mobile application was developed to map the optimal routes to displace between two points in the university campus given the solution algorithm.
Forecasting leptospirosis incidence in the Philippines using the Box–Jenkins method
Authors: Alcaria John Mark , Capili Anthony
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate and find a suitable model for forecasting the leptospirosis incidence in the Philippines. The Box-Jenkins approach was utilized in the development of an appropriate model. The dataset was retrieved from the Epidemiology Bureau of the Department of Health containing the weekly number of leptospirosis cases in the Philippines from 2016 to 2018. This dataset was analyzed using the R software. The original series is nonstationary with indications of non-constant variance. Box-Cox transformation and ordinary differencing were performed on the series. The transformed series was analyzed and the results show that ARIMA(0,1,0) or the random walk model is the most appropriate model for forecasting leptospirosis incidence. The residuals and forecast errors of the fitted model behave like a white noise process. The fitted model may be used for forecasting the future number of leptospirosis cases in the Philippines.
The link between career development learning and employability skills of senior high school students
Authors: Salape Ronald , Cuevas Elias
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to identify the domain of career development learning that best influences employability skills of Technical-Vocational senior high school students. This non-experimental quantitative research design utilized the survey approach involving N=103 Grade 12 senior high school students taking the Tech-Voc track in different educational institutions in Digos City. In analyzing the data, mean, Pearson r and regression analysis were used. Based on the findings, career development learning was assessed to be very high. Employability skills of students were also assessed to be very high. All measures of career development learning significantly correlated with employability skills. Lastly, among the domains of career development learning, transition learning was found the best influence on the employability skills of senior high school students.
Pediatric Monteggia Fracture Outcome Assessment – Preliminary Report
Authors: Maszke Marcin , Buchcic Piotr , Marciniak Marek , Lebiedziński Radosław , Lipiński Łukasz , Grzegorzewski Andrzej
Published: April 2022

Background. The term Monteggia fracture refers to a class of injuries encompassing the fracture of the proximal end of the ulna with subluxation or dislocation of the radial head. These injuries account for 0.4-1% of all forearm fractures in children. Despite its low incidence, Monteggia fractures require particular attention, since as much as 30-50% of the cases may be unrecognized, which subsequently leads to complications. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate treatment outcomes of Monteggia fractures in children. Both conservative treatment and surgery were analyzed.
Material and methods. 15 children (7 boys and 8 girls) between the ages of 4-16.3 years (mean age 8.3 years) with Monteggia fractures were hospitalized at our center in the years 2015-2020. Closed reduction and immobilization in a cast were performed in 12 patients, while three children underwent surgical treatment with internal fixation of the ulna. The radial head dislocation was reduced successfully in every patient.
Results. Every child from the study group who received conservative treatment regained full elbow mobility as well as normal forearm supination and pronation. Only one of the patients who underwent the surgery demonstrated a 20° deficit in elbow flexion that did not affect limb function.
Conclusions. 1. Our experience shows that closed reduction together with immobilization in a cast is usually a sufficient treatment in Monteggia fractures. 2. However, the dislocated radial head should be properly reduced in all patients. 3. Correct diagnosis and treatment followed by appropriate rehabilitation result in full recovery and no mobility limitations in children and teenagers.
The Effect of Transport Infrastructure on Land-use Change: The Case of Toll Road and High-Speed Railway Development in West Java
Authors: Salim Wilmar , Faoziyah Uly
Published: April 2022

The development of the Cipularang Toll Road and the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway (HSR) in West Java Province in Indonesia is expected to boost economic growth and provide equitable development, especially from Jakarta to the regencies and cities in West Java. Such large-scale infrastructure developments cause massive changes in land use in the surrounding areas. These impacts are often not anticipated in spatial planning. This study aimed to identify the effect of transport infrastructure development on land-use change in West Java by using cellular automata. It was found that transport infrastructure development has significant impact on the structure and spatial patterns that lead to the formation of a mega-urban region connecting the Jakarta Metropolitan Area and the Greater Bandung Metropolitan Area.
Monitoring Alaskan Arctic Shelf Ecosystems Through Collaborative Observation Networks
Authors:   University of Alaska Fairbanks, Danielson Seth , Grebmeier Jacqueline , Iken Katrin , Berchok Catherine , Britt Lyle , Dunton Kenneth , Eisner Lisa , Farley Edward , Fujiwara Amane , Hauser Donna , Itoh Motoyo , Kikuchi Takashi , Kotwicki Stan , Kuletz Kathy , Mordy Calvin , Nishino Shigeto , Peralta-Ferriz Cecilia , Pickart Robert , Stabeno Phyllis , Stafford Kathleen , Whiting Alex , Woodgate Rebecca
Published: April 2022

Ongoing scientific programs that monitor marine environmental and ecological systems and changes comprise an informal but collaborative, information-rich, and spatially extensive network for the Alaskan Arctic continental shelves. Such programs reflect contributions and priorities of regional, national, and international funding agencies, as well as private donors and communities. These science programs are operated by a variety of local, regional, state, and national agencies, and academic, Tribal, for-profit, and nongovernmental nonprofit entities. Efforts include research ship and autonomous vehicle surveys, year-long mooring deployments, and observations from coastal communities. Inter-program coordination allows cost-effective leveraging of field logistics and collected data into value-added information that fosters new insights unattainable by any single program operating alone. Coordination occurs at many levels, from discussions at marine mammal co-management meetings and interagency meetings to scientific symposia and data workshops. Together, the efforts represented by this collection of loosely linked long-term monitoring programs enable a biologically focused scientific foundation for understanding ecosystem responses to warming water temperatures and declining Arctic sea ice. Here, we introduce a variety of currently active monitoring efforts in the Alaskan Arctic marine realm that exemplify the above attributes.
Organisation und Aufgaben der Studierendenwerke
Authors: Hövelmann Jana
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Organisation der örtlichen Studierendenwerke. Ihre Rechtsstellung und inneren Strukturen werden beleuchtet. Die Aufgaben der Studierendenwerke, anhand derer die Bedeutung der Studierendenwerke für die soziale Infrastruktur an den Hochschulen deutlich wird, werden vorgestellt. Die bei der Wahrnehmung ihrer Aufgaben zu beachtenden wirtschaftlichen Grundsätzen und die ihnen zur Verfügung stehenden Finanzierungsquellen werden skizziert.
Selektivverträge zur Überwindung des Evidenzparadoxons am Therapieallergene-Markt
Authors: Roth Benjamin , O.Praem Joachim Hagel
Published: April 2022

Selektivverträge, wie etwa Pay-for-Performance oder Risk-Sharing-Verträge, werden stark diskutiert. Besonders bei hochpreisigen Gentherapeutika können sie für die Kostenträger interessante Möglichkeiten zur nutzenorientierten Preisgestaltung sein. Im Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob solche Verträge rechtlich eine mögliche Option sein können und welche Vor- oder Nachteile sie für die betroffenen Stakeholder mit sich brächten.
Der Pflexit – die internationale Einordnung
Authors: Taufer Raphael , Fuchs Daniel
Published: April 2022

Um sich dem Phänomen des Pflexit evidenzbasiert zu nähern, hatte der BKK Dachverband eine Literaturstudie in Auftrag gegeben. Hierzu hatten die Autoren zunächst die Ergebnisse der deutschsprachigen Literatur ausgewertet und eingeordnet. Sie wurden in der GuS, Heft 1/2022, veröffentlicht. Um die Ergebnisse in einen internationalen Kontext zu stellen, folgt in diesem Beitrag der Abgleich mit den Erkenntnissen der englischsprachigen Literatur. Es zeigen sich robuste Übereinstimmungen, aber auch spezifische Details, die Anregungen für die hiesigen Schlussfolgerungen und Maßnahmen geben können.
Victims in the Criminal Justice System: Victim Wishes – Justice Needs
Authors: Petrossian Gurgen
Published: April 2022

The participation system of the victims is a paradigm shift in traditional criminal justice. The victims did not always have the opportunity to actively participate in criminal cases. Human rights movements in late 1980s’ resulted in victims’ participation in criminal proceedings. The dilemma, however, remains as to what the victims' expectations are and what justice needs from them. This article looks at different angles of criminal justice, comparing on the one hand recognition, the possibility that victims of being heard and on the other hand victims as item of evidence.
The Music Sent by God
Authors: Todorova Bogdana ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

Mugham is deeply rooted in Azerbaijan’s history as it is undoubtedly depicted as the pearl of Azerbaijani musical art. Mughаm (Azerb. Muğam) (God sent music) is one of the main genres in traditional Azerbaijani music, part of the musical-poetic art of Azerbaijan’s nation. The Mughаm embodies philosophical poetry including the philosophy of music as a complement to the harmony of being. In 2008, UNESCO proclaimed the Azerbaijani Mugham as one of the masterpieces of verbal and intangible cultural heritage. This music must be understood in its two dimensions – as an example of an art and as a way of thinking, in which Sufism and Mysticism are two lines that intersect. The aim of the article is to show the unity of Azerbaijan’s spiritual culture and the synthesis of music and religion. Special attention is focused on Mugham as a type of connection with God, through mystical love and spiritual experience. This perspective differs from that of common research and discussions of Mugham, which view it principally as a unique type of poetic-musical communication between performers and a devoted audience. The post-Soviet period allowed Western scholars to become acquainted with the musical works of Azerbaijani masters of Mugham and to compare their musical-aesthetic features with those of German Romanticism. In this paper, we move beyond such considerations to claim that Mugham ought to be recognized ‘as a spiritual process preserving the dynamism of thinking’. The report will conclude with the concomitant claim that Mugham represents an intercultural philosophy.
Fractured Epistemologies
Authors: Gotlib Anna , Groenhout Ruth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and its conflict with science denialism raises the question of how philosophers teaching bioethics should respond to debates concerning truth, scientific evidence, and medical treatment raised by their students. We suggest that philosophical responses to the spread of serious disinformation in the health care context can be effectively explored in bioethics courses through discussions of informed consent, patient autonomy, the nature of scientific evidence, and moral responsibly for one’s views in ways that are especially important in the current pandemic era. Addressing these issues offers important epistemological grounding for students who will soon be making biomedical judgments and policies, as well as students who, like the rest of us, will be on the receiving end of those decisions. We argue that helping all of our students to understand the epistemological structures, and the moral consequences, of biomedicine and its detractors is a vital part of the professor’s responsibility.
On Paleolimulus from the Mazon Creek Konservat-Lagerstätte
Authors: BICKNELL Russell D. C. , NAUGOLNYKH Serge V. , Scott C. McKENZIE undefined
Published: April 2022

Horseshoe crabs are extant chelicerates with a fossil record extending back to the Ordovician. Despite the documentation of their long evolutionary history, xiphosurids are rarely preserved within fossil assemblages due to their unmineralized cuticular exoskeleton. However, in exceptional circumstances, an abundance of fossil xiphosurid specimens have been documented. The Moscovian-aged Mazon Creek Konservat-Lagerstätte represents one such fossil deposit with a high abundance and diversity of xiphosurids. Although fairly well known, the Paleolimulus specimens from the Mazon Creek have not yet been subject to a thorough taxonomic examination. In the light of recent efforts to organise Paleolimulus, we revisit this undescribed material, erect Paleolimulus mazonensis n. sp., and present a phylogenetic analysis that places P. mazonensis n. sp. as a sister taxon to P. signata (Beecher, 1904). The palaeoecology and possible ontogeny of P. mazonensis n. sp. are presented, as well as a statement on the future directions for understanding this xiphosurid genus.
Imago ecclesiae: los sellos de validación de los cabildos catedrales de Baeza y Jaén (ss. XIII-XIV)
Authors: Mestre Navas Pablo Alberto
Published: April 2022

La restauración eclesiástica en el reino de Jaén supuso la puesta en marcha de la institución capitular, que residiría en Baeza hasta su traslado a Jaén después de que se verificase su conquista, permaneciendo parte de los canónigos en la antigua catedral. La organización de este cabildo coincidió con la difusión que el sello de validación experimentó en los reinos peninsulares durante el siglo XIII. En este artículo se estudia la creación del sello capitular de Baeza-Jaén, su utilización como instrumento de garantía jurídica en la expedición de documentos y su custodia. A través de diversas improntas conservadas en el archivo capitular de Toledo, se analiza la evolución que experimentó la representación iconográfica del campo del sello, evidenciándose importantes modificaciones en el último tercio del siglo XIII.
De árbitros, jueces y sabios: procedimientos judiciales en la aljama judía de Medina del Campo a la luz de dos disputas familiares (1486-1504)
Authors: Girona Berenguer Marina
Published: April 2022

Durante las décadas finales del siglo xv se constata la intervención de varios miembros de la aljama de judíos de Medina del Campo en dos disputas familiares relacionadas con la devolución de los bienes matrimoniales y de la herencia. Aplicando un enfoque histórico-social y jurídico, el análisis de la casuística escogida revela las identidades, competencias y actuaciones de varios rabinos, jueces y árbitros, así como de otros agentes. La particularidad de los casos reside en el propio procedimiento judicial, que carece de orden de prelación en la aplicación de la normativa, y en el recurso a arbitrajes como medida previa o paralela de mediación entre las partes.
Validating owner-reporting of feather condition of pet Psittaciformes using photographs
Authors: Mellor EL , Mendl M , Mason G , Davison C , van Zeeland Y , Cuthill IC
Published: April 2022

Reporting of outcome variables by caregivers in welfare studies is commonplace but is open to subjective bias and so requires validation. Biases can occur in either direction: familiarity with an animal allows a deeper insight into welfare problems, but also can lead to reticence in admitting that an animal in one's care is experiencing problems. Here, we aim to validate owner-reporting of plumage condition of pet parrots, including those with self-inflicted feather-damaging behaviour (FDB), by comparing owners’ scores of feather condition with those of two independent raters, blind to the owners’ and each other's assessments. We surveyed pet parrot owners to collect data on basic demographics and feather condition, and requested four standardised photographs of birds. We received 259 responses (17% of the 1,521 people contacted); 78 sets of images of appropriate quality for assessment by raters were provided. Mean percentage agreement between owners’ and raters’ scores was mostly fair to substantial using Cohen's kappa; however, raters scored a greater proportion of feather damage than did owners. Overall, our results indicate owner-reporting of feather condition, including FDB, to be generally reliable and consistent with independent assessment of photographs. As the use of photographs can be limited by image quality, a failure to represent the long-term state of a parrot, and the potential for incorrect recording if assessed without relevant information (eg on moulting), this evidence that owner-reports can be reliable opens the door for larger-scale surveys of the extent of welfare-relevant problems.
Pre-exposure via wire-mesh partition reduces intraspecific aggression in male, wild-type Norway rats
Authors: Stryjek R , Modlinska K
Published: April 2022

There are instances when animals are introduced and expected to live alongside unfamiliar conspecifics within zoos, laboratories and wildlife sanctuaries. These pairings of unfamiliar animals may result in stress, trauma, or even death, in addition to reduced confidence in data resulting from these subjects. For species that communicate relatedness, sex, social status, and emotional state through olfactory cues (eg pheromones), one means of counteracting aggression may involve a period of partial separation — where animals are close enough to become acquainted — while a permeable barrier maintains separation. For our study, we evaluated the use of a novel, autoclavable, wire-mesh partition to separate potential aggressors. We tested different pairs of 24 wild-type male Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), previously kept in social isolation for seven days. Each control pair were merged directly into one cage, while pairs from the experimental groups underwent three pre-exposure sessions that lasted two to four days. We used continuous video recordings to assess five common threat displays: lateral threat, keep down, upright posture, chase, and clinch attack. We used two types of bedding: new (unscented) bedding and recently used bedding that conveyed scents from both merged rats. We found that rats subjected to pre-exposure demonstrated lower aggression levels across three of the five metrics (lateral threats, upright postures, and keep downs). We conclude that permeable partitions show promise as a humane mechanism to mix new individuals into preexisting colonies. Further research may explore whether partitions could be helpful with other species that communicate social information by pheromones or direct visual inspection.
Politikk og vitenskap – behovet for flervitenskapelig til- nærming til en politisk håndtering av en pandemi
Authors: Svanæs Dag , Æsøy Knut Ove
Published: April 2022

Dag Svanæs har engasjert seg sterkt i den norske offentlige debatten om hvordan vi bør håndtere Coronapandemien. I løpet av året har han vert med på mange kronikker og vært i mange debatter og gjort foredrag om pandemien. Han er initiativtaker til nettstedet Coronakritikk.no, der de dokumenterer debatten og presenterer vitenskapelige kilder om pandemien.

Svanæs er professor ved institutt for datateknologi og informatikk ved NTNU og arbeider med interaksjonen mellom menneske og teknologi. I hans doktorarbeid undersøkte han teoriene til Martin Heidegger og Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Fenomenologien får fram hvordan menneske gjør erkjennelser gjennom fysiske handlinger i møtet med teknologi. Han har bygd opp ett fullskala laboratorium for uttesting av teknologi med brukere. Laboratoriet har i all hovedsak blitt brukt innenfor medisin. Dette viser hans interesse både for teknologiske hjelpemiddel, filosofi, helse og evnen til å ha kunnskap om fremtiden.

Knut Ove Æsøy er førsteamanuensis i pedagogisk filosofi ved OsloMet. Han har doktorgrad innenfor vitenskapsfilosofi og er opptatt av sammenhengen mellom kunnskaps mangfold og profesjonell praksis.
Strategic Alliances, Absorptive Capacity, And Ambidexterity Toward Innovation And Knowledge Spillovers
Authors:   Kozminski University, Scaringella Laurent
Published: April 2022

This monograph investigates the involvement of firms in strategic alliances and the interplay with organizational absorptive capacity and organizational ambidexterity. The theoretical work highlights the positive aspects, as well as the negative aspects, for firms engaging in strategic alliances. The main contribution relates to the evaluation of both positive and negative outcomes of various types of strategic alliances. This monograph presents different avenues for firms regarding how to benefit from strategic alliances in terms of innovation, while avoiding threats such as unintended knowledge spillovers
Know-how as an institution for the protection of commercial information
Authors: Belozerova Elena Olegovna
Published: April 2022

The development of technologies has been growing rapidly lately, and with it the need for their protection is growing. Modern legal regulation provides for several options for protecting information about their developments. The most effective and modern is the know-how institute. The subject of the study is know-how and a similar regime - a trade secret. The comparison of these institutions at the level of different legal systems and legal systems is carried out. The main criteria for distinguishing these terms are revealed. In addition, the analysis of the terms of agreements on the alienation of know-how was carried out. And the main problems in specifying the conditions in the know-how alienation agreement have been identified. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the explanations necessary for the conclusion of a contract on the alienation of know-how are presented. The risks of concluding such contracts are analyzed and a decision on minimizing risks for all parties to the contract is presented. The analysis of theory and practice was not limited to the Russian Federation. The analysis of the legal regulation of know-how and trade secrets in the UK, USA and Germany is presented. Conclusions are drawn about the difference in the legal regulation of know-how and trade secrets, including in the scope of liability. However, the use of the institute of know-how provided by the introduction of a trade secret regime seems to be the most effective for the protection of confidential information.
Ultrasound-Guided Partial Plantar Fascia Release with the Use of a Fine Cutting Device for the Treatment of Persistent Plantar Fasciitis: A Case Series
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Roumeliotis Leonidas , Tyrpenou Evangelos , Kazas Sotirios-Tsambikos , Sourlas Ioannis , Kaseta Maria-Kyriaki
Published: April 2022

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of musculoskeletal discomfort. Minimally invasive interventions are preferred as second-line treatments following failure of conservative management. We report on a novel technique of ultrasound-guided percutaneous release of the medial third of the plantar fascia with the use of a fine cutting device for the treatment of persistent plantar fasciitis.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of all patients treated with the technique between 2013 and 2015. Patients had failed conservative management for a minimum of 6 months. The procedure was performed in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia. Under continuous ultrasound guidance, release of the medial third of the plantar fascia from the calcaneus was performed using an ophthalmic V-Lance knife through a medial stab wound entry point.

Results: Fifteen patients (six men and nine women) with an average age of 54.7 years were included. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) visual analogue scale score for pain improved significantly, from 66.0 (SD, 18.8) preoperatively to each consecutive follow-up point: 29.3 (SD, 25.2) at 2 weeks, 30.0 (SD, 27.8) at 4 weeks, and 34.0 (SD, 26.1) at 12 weeks (P < .001). The mild increase in visual analogue scale score between 4 and 12 weeks was statistically significant (P = .018). Average duration of required analgesia was 5.5 days and average time required to return to usual activities was 5.7 days. Two patients suffered with refractory neuropathic pain over the lateral border of the foot without any obvious abnormality.

Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous release with the use of a fine cutting device could be an alternative option for the treatment of persistent plantar fasciitis. The technique is not without complications, and a mild but statistically significant decline in pain levels from early to short term has been detected. Therefore, the long-term outcomes of this technique need to be investigated before we can advocate its routine use.
Comparative Study of Paddy Cultivation in Ghaggar River Belt and Salt Affected Micro Farming Situation in Zone 1b of Rajasthan
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Singh I. P.
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted to analyze the comparative calculation of the cost and returns and resource use efficiency of paddy crop in Ghaggar river belt and Salt affected micro farming situations in zone 1b of Rajasthan. In zone Ib Sriganganagar district Suratgarh tehsil selected for Ghaggar river belt and in Hanumangarh district Rawatsar tehsil selected for Salt affected micro farming situation. Two villages from each tehsil were selected randomly. A sample of 50 farmers was selected for the present study for each tehsil. The farmers were divided into small, medium and large farms on basis of following criterion; Small (≤2ha), Medium (>2ha ≤4ha) and Large (>4ha). A sample of 25 farmers from each village was selected according to probability proportional to farm size. Primary data were collected on pre-structured schedules for agriculture year 2017-18. In study area overall cost of cultivation per hectare of paddy ₹ 46110.02 and ₹ 37750.44 in Ghaggar river belt and Salt affected micro farming situations respectively. Gross return in Ghaggar river belt micro farming situation was ₹ 100852.50 and Salt affected micro farming situation was ₹ 79772.50 per hectare. Coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) in Ghaggar river belt micro farming situations found 0.75 per cent and Salt affected micro farming situation 0.62 per cent.