bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Teaching is Learning
Authors: Lewis Tim
Published: December 2017

This article is aimed at educators who find themselves facing the need to develop their e-teaching skills, with little or no formal training or institutional support. It explores how this can be achieved using the notion of "teacher autonomy" in combination with standard professional development measures for language teachers. The article recounts an attempt to develop my own e-teaching skills, within the framework of an 8-week collaborative project. In the course of this project, I learned to use synchronous audiographic conferencing software (Lyceum, as developed by the Open University (OU), U.K.) in combination with an asynchronous virtual learning environment (WebCT) to teach English for specific purposes to a group of 14 Masters degree students in a French university. Largely unfamiliar at the outset with the pedagogic use of the software, I consider how critical analysis and reflection (by means of a teaching journal) can be used in combination with observation by a "critical friend" to inform pedagogic decisions in pursuit of a nondirective approach to teaching and learning. I also address the affective dimension of such a process, especially the stresses to be dealt with by the novice tutor in a multimodal environment. Where there are limits to the approach adopted, I identify those limits.
Collective Activity and Tutor Involvement in E-learning Environments for Language Teachers and Learners
Authors: Mangenot François , Nissen Elke
Published: December 2017

Researchers investigating network-based language teaching (NBLT) seldom relate to computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL), an important field in educational research which strongly stresses the value of group learning, adopting Vygotskian and Brunerian sociocultural views. As a result, the concept of collaboration is scarcely considered or discussed by NBLT researchers. However, choosing between collaborative- or noncollaborative-learning settings when designing a distance learning course has a strong influence on tutor involvement. This paper explores the issue, thus attempting to bridge the gap between NBLT and CSCL. It does so by qualitatively analyzing online interactions in several distance learning courses (collaborative and noncollaborative) and by examining these verbal exchanges in the light of collective activity, learners' social autonomy, and tutor role and involvement. The methodological approach is qualitative and consists in analyzing, a posteriori, online interactions between learners and tutors. After having defined the theoretical framework, the authors compare structures of online interaction in two preservice teacher courses, focusing on the role of the tutor and the issue of student autonomy. Finally, they examine more precisely some features of collaboration, analyzing tutor and student interactions in an online language course.
Understanding and Working with 'Failed Communication' in Telecollaborative Exchanges
Authors: O'Dowd Robert , Ritter Markus
Published: December 2017

It is by now well established that telecollaborative exchanges frequently end in "failed communication" and do not automatically bring about successful negotiation of meaning between the learners. Instead, the intended pedagogic and linguistic aims of online interaction are repeatedly missed, and projects may end in low levels of participation, indifference, tension between participants, or a negative evaluation of the partner group or their culture. The reasons offered in the literature are rather diverse in nature, and there has so far been no attempt to offer a comprehensive overview of such areas of dysfunction. Starting from a review of the existing body of research, this paper develops a structured inventory of factors which may lead to cases of failed communication in online exchanges. In sum, 10 different factors are suggested at four different levels: individual, classroom, socioinstitutional, and interaction. Examples of communication failure taken from two exchanges will be used to illustrate how these factors are interconnected and influence each other. It is concluded that a more discriminating perspective of such problem areas, both among the tutors and the students, can help to further increase intercultural awareness and lead to a better understanding of the dynamic nature of online communication.
Student Learning in Hybrid French and Spanish Courses
Authors: Chenoweth N. , Ushida Eiko , Murday Kimmaree
Published: December 2017

This paper summarizes the assessment results of the Language Online project at Carnegie Mellon University. The study investigated the effectiveness of online language courses for students' learning outcomes in four hybrid online language courses (elementary and intermediate levels) and their counterpart conventional (offline) courses from Spring 2000 through Spring 2002. Eleven teachers and 354 students were involved in this study, which included five semesters and 34 sections (13 online and 21 offline). Multiple measurements were used to compare learning between online and offline students in oral production, written production, reading comprehension, listening comprehension, grammar knowledge, and vocabulary. Student and teacher feedback, reflecting attitudes and experiences with the online courses, were used to better understand the comparative results. The results from this study indicate that the hybrid online language courses have been reasonably successful: the students in most online courses made progress in their L2 performance similar to that of the students in the equivalent offline courses. Statistical analyses identified two online courses in which the offline students outperformed the online students on several of the learning measures. The qualitative data suggest that students need instructor guidance and that both students and instructors need ongoing technical support for the successful implementation of online language courses.
Toward an Understanding of Incidental Input Enhancement in Computerized L2 Environments
Authors: Gascoigne Carolyn
Published: December 2017

Computers, computer programs, and other novel and vivid technological applications to language learning can unintentionally redirect attentional resources and therefore increase the salience of unplanned as well as targeted features. Incidental activities such as keyboarding (Henry, 1992), manipulation of a mouse (Meunier, 1996), and other technical moves have the potential to produce unintended consequences, either facilitative or debilitative, on the SLA process. Following a review of the role of attention to form, in general, and input enhancement, in particular, this study examines the complementary effect of keyboarding as a medium of incidental input enhancement on the SLA endeavor. Indeed, keyboarding in an L2 can be particularly difficult because the insertion of diacritical marks can require "practice in the use of an unfamiliar keyboard layout, and may often involve the use of special key combinations" (Henry, 1992, p. 55). Here, the effect on recall of the additional steps and key combinations needed to insert an accent in a computerized environment is compared to that of pen-and-paper application of diacritics.
Effects of Collaboration and Multimedia Annotations on Vocabulary Learning and Listening Comprehension
Authors: Jones Linda
Published: December 2017

Sixty-eight college students enrolled in a French course listened to a multimedia-based French passage in one of four groups to which they were randomly assigned: the listening text (a) alone, with no annotations; (b) in pairs, with no annotations; (c) alone, with written and pictorial annotations; and (d) in pairs, with written and pictorial annotations. The students identified or recalled vocabulary best when working with both annotation types either alone or in pairs. However, when they worked collaboratively with annotations available, they showed the highest level of aural comprehension. These outcomes suggest that accessing pictorial and written annotations in multimedia listening comprehension activities, while one is collaborating with a peer, results in relatively high vocabulary recall and recognition, as well as improved aural comprehension.
Helping ESL Writers Through a Multimodal, Corpus-based, Online Grammar Resource
Authors: Hegelheimer Volker
Published: December 2017

Current approaches to language pedagogy recognize the fact that ESL learners need explicit help to improve the grammatical accuracy of their writing. This research investigates the utility of an online resource intended to improve advanced-level ESL learners' writing by increasing their grammatical awareness and ability to correct the grammatical errors in their own writing. This classroom-based study investigated nine learners' use of the resource through the use of questionnaires, interviews, records of software use, and analysis of learners' written products.
Comparison of Chat Room Productivity
Authors: Sanders Robert
Published: December 2017

Language production of Spanish students using synchronous CMC (chat) during class time was compared with that of students meeting outside of class. The study included about 100 participants enrolled in 10 sections of a first-quarter Spanish course at a US university. Students in the control group spent 30 minutes of their weekly class time in computer labs completing a chat room assignment. Students in the experimental group planned their own schedules for meeting 30 minutes each week, outside of class time, in chat rooms. Transcripts of the chat sessions were analyzed for duration, turns, words, vocabulary, socially appropriate comments, and comments off task. Production was greater when students met with their own work groups outside of class. The implication of the study is that greater student collaboration and responsibility result in greater production while conserving class time and technology resources.
Corpora Processing and Computational Scaffolding for a Web-based English Learning Environment
Authors: Liou Hsien-Chin , Chang Jason , Chen Hao-Jan , Lin Chih-Cheng , Liaw Meei-Ling , Gao Zhao-Ming , Jang Jyh-Shing , Yeh Yuli , Chuang Thomas , You Geeng-Neng
Published: December 2017

This paper describes the development of an innovative web-based environment for English language learning with advanced data-driven and statistical approaches. The project uses various corpora, including a Chinese-English parallel corpus (Sinorama) and various natural language processing (NLP) tools to construct effective English learning tasks for college learners with adaptive computational scaffolding. It integrates the expertise of a group of researchers in four areas: (a) advances in NLP technologies and applications, (b) construction of a self-access reading environment, (c) exploration of English language learning through written exercises and translations, and (d) use of bilingual corpora for culture-based English learning. In this paper, the conceptualization of the system and its various reference tools (e.g., a bilingual concordancer) for English learning and pilot testing on various modules (e.g., a reading module, Text Grader, and Collocation Practice) are reported.
Writing to Mean
Authors: Chiu Chi-Yen , Savignon Sandra
Published: December 2017

This paper reports the findings of a case study that explores the relationship between feedback and revision in the online teaching of two EFL adult writers. The model of feedback adopted was one of content-based feedback followed by form-focused feedback in a series of multidraft compositions. A quantitative analysis of minimal terminal units (t-units) (Hunt, 1965) was used to analyze the relationship of feedback and revision following the two types of feedback. A paired t test showed content-based feedback to yield significantly more revisions than form-focused feedback, (p < .001). To obtain a measure of the amount of information conveyed per draft, information units or "i-units" were then defined (see Savignon, 1972). Drafts subsequent to content-based feedback showed a greater increase in i-units than did those following form-focused feedback, (p < .05). Discourse analysis was then conducted to examine the negotiation of meaning that took place between feedback and revision. Content-based feedback was analyzed with particular attention to a type of commentary known as "question-form comments." Question-form feedback was seen to prompt direct responses from both learners. Implications of these findings are drawn for the role of teacher feedback, both in computer-mediated and more traditional teaching contexts of second-language writing.
The job seeker as a moral category
Authors: Velkovska Julia , Zouinar Moustafa
Published: December 2017

Drawing on ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis, the paper explores how ordinary moral judgments and emotions are intertwined with professional assessments in the structure of institutional interactions. Based on video recordings of interviews between unemployed people and counselors representing the French Public Employment Agency, the analysis focuses on the moment-by-moment organization of judgmental work and its embeddedness in bodily conduct, especially through expression of emotions. Following on Jayyusi's concept of “asymmetric category pair” (Jayyusi 1984) the paper investigates the relationships between categorization, judgment and emotion. The paper highlights two findings: Firstly, professional assessments can take the form of ordinary moral judgments at precise sequential moments in the organization of these institutional interactions. Secondly, emotions appear as practically bound to judgmental work and have interactional consequences for the sequential organization of the interview. The sequential analysis of video data reveals structural aspects of professional judgmental work and of institutional action in “processing cases”, notably their moral, emotional and relational dimensions that would otherwise remain inaccessible.
Bringing morals to life – Professionals’ use of morals in German care planning conferences
Authors: Messmer Heinz
Published: December 2017

Theory and practice of social work are highly morally grounded. As a basically helping profession, social work practice is closely linked to the idea that it will contribute to improving the lives of its clients. Social work practice is grounded in the various values of a societal order (social justice, individual rights, rights of religious freedom, human dignity, etc.), which are transformed into ethical standards that are used to structure normative expectations regarding the activities of professionals. Empirically, however, moral issues in social work practice often appear in a quite different way. Based on a conversation analysis of audio-taped discussions between professionals and clients in German care-planning conferences, this study emphasizes how morals are established primarily in a practical sense. By regarding morals as a sign of respect or disrespect, it is shown that professionals make use of morals to assess a client's behaviour in either a positive or a negative way. Furthermore, it is argued that morals in social work practice primarily respond to the overall interactional asymmetries of a client–professional encounter. In addition, they also reflect the basically deficit-oriented case descriptions of the professionals to establish the case in a less threatening way.
Blended voices and co-narration in lay– interprofessional talk about return-to-work
Authors: Bülow Pia H. , Cedersund Elisabet
Published: December 2017

This article examines the co-production of narratives based on an analysis of audio recordings from 12 statutory lay–interprofessional meetings involving clients and concerning rehabilitation for return-to-work. Using Bakhtin's (1981) notion of voice in a similar vein to Mishler (1984), it is argued that a voice represents a specific normative order, displayed in the way of speaking. The premises of the approach taken is that citizens’ problems and needs are often presented as stories and that this particular type of meeting opens up the possibility for what Wertsch (1991) calls multi-voicedness. Three patterns of co-narrating the client's story of illness and the process of rehabilitation were found. In the most frequently recurring form, there was one primary storyteller and another participant who joined in as a co-teller. Another pattern was that dyadic co-narrated episodes commonly drew on prior contacts between the two storytellers. A third salient feature was how storytelling episodes involved revoicing an absent expert – that is, the interactional move when a speaker makes use of someone else's words, and what Bakhtin (1981) calls rhetorical double-voicedness. Due to the multi-voicedness character, co-narrated stories in lay–interprofessional meetings often represent two or more perspectives and are founded on the blending of voices.
Ideologies and practices in a kindergarten offering early education in Northern Sámi outside the Sámi homeland
Authors: Heltai Borbála , Bartha Csilla
Published: December 2017

In this study we analyse data collected in a Finnish kindergarten where one of the groups offers immersion education in Northern Sámi, an endangered language. The kindergarten is located outside the Sámi homeland in a majority city of Finland. This fact sets up extra challenges, but also offers possibilities for the promotion of multilingual competencies. First we review some possible categorizations of multilingual educational forms and highlight the advantages of adopting a multilingual habitus in education (Benson, 2014). The group we studied works partially as a language nest, thus we discuss this method in some detail. After that, we introduce the data and the method we used for their interpretation. We present the results by discussing three topics: the broader social context; the diversity of the linguistic repertoires of the participants; and the learning environment and organization of everyday activities. Our findings show that active cooperation between the participants, alignment with the local needs and resources, and flexibility toward language practices are crucial for successful education and the promotion of the non-dominant language and culture.
Challenges in developing in-service teacher training
Authors: Huhtala Anne , Vesalainen Marjo
Published: December 2017

Teacher education in Finland is widely respected and of high quality. However, there is a recognised need to develop the educational continuum from pre-service education to in-service training. This article deals with challenges connected to in-service teacher training. Based on two projects, consisting of seven one-month courses for teachers of Swedish in Finland, we reflect on the challenges we encountered during the three-year process. In our research, theory and practice, but also data and methods, have been intertwined, as we have studied the phenomenon by using exploratory practice (Allwright, 2003). The projects and the study were based on a thorough literature review. During the planning phase, we identified many issues that should be taken into consideration during in-service training projects for teachers of Swedish, e.g., challenges posed by the new national core curricula and the new distribution of lesson hours, declining results in middle-long Swedish (Syllabus B1), relatively low self-reported school satisfaction, and problems linked with teachers’ professional development. In this paper, we report on challenges we encountered during the process. These included challenges connected to (a) teacher co-operation, (b) traditional vs. modern teaching methods, and (c) teachers’ language skills. Based on our research, we wish to emphasise the importance of research-based planning and implementation of in-service training, as well as a genuine connection between in-service training, teachers’ everyday work and school reality.
Tackling sustainability
Authors: Lurdes Maria , Gonçalves Santos
Published: December 2017

Transformative, innovative practices and sustainable professional development are not achieved just by attending workshops, seminars and specific designed teacher education courses, though these programmes may often include action research methodologies (Fullan, 2007; Vieira, Moreira & Peralta, 2014). Therefore, other ways for in-service teacher education should be sought, namely more flexible ways, suitable to specific educative contexts, which really address teachers’ concerns and needs, enabling self-directed professional development (PD) processes and simultaneously empowering teachers and strengthening their professional knowledge (PK). To meet all these requirements we believe that besides the committed and collaborative participation of teachers, PD processes should include leadership and supervision. This paper looks at the particular case of teaching Portuguese as heritage language (PHL) in Switzerland. It analyses the PD strategy designed by the pedagogical coordinator (PC), which was based on the conclusions of a previous study on PD (Gonçalves, 2011) and followed a job embedded approach in trying a direct connection between teacher’s work in the classroom and the PD teachers were provided, as argued by DiPaola and Hoy (2014). The study analyses the PD offers provided to the teachers from 2014 to 2016 in different perspectives – contents, structure, preparation, implementation, evaluation and outcomes. The data analysis indicates that the chosen PD strategy started by gathering the available knowledge, followed by putting it into circulation among the teachers, and finally tried to improve it, shaping its improvement with the active contribution of the teachers towards a joint planning of PD, which could be considered a step into co-designing teacher PD, towards its sustainability.
Integration and language education in Norwegian immigration policy documents 1980–2016
Authors: Kulbrandstad Lise
Published: December 2017

During the last decade, Norway has had one of the fastest growing populations in Europe, due to labor immigration and to an increasing number of asylum seekers. More than 16% of the population now has an immigrant family background. In 2015, an agreement across party lines tightened the asylum rules, and Norway got its first Minister dedicated only to immigration and integration. A new immigration policy was introduced to ‘ensure the Norwegian welfare state’ as the Minister expressed herself. The immigrants’ own responsibilities ‘to get integrated’ are stressed, and from 2016 a certain level of competence in Norwegian and knowledge about Norway are required to be granted residence permit. On the backdrop of these recent changes, the article analyzes six white papers on immigration policy 1980–2016. In focus are changes in the understandings of ‘integration’ and how ‘integration’ and language educational policy for adults, kindergarten, and compulsory school are dealt with. The analysis shows that a short-term perspective on integration is taken in the white papers published in 1980, 1988 and 2016, while the three policy documents in between are concerned with long-term integration. The 2016 document distinguishes itself from the other because integration as a two-way process is seldom commented upon. All the papers stress the importance of competence in Norwegian while discussions of mother tongue teaching are most frequently mentioned in 1980. Documents which center on long-term integration stress words like ‘inclusion’, ‘multicultural Norway’ and ‘diversity’.
Finnish higher education institutions' reactions to the 2015 asylum seeker situation
Authors: Vaarala Heidi , Haapakangas Eeva-Leena , Kyckling Erja , Saarinen Taina
Published: December 2017

In 2015, military conflicts and related humanitarian crises neighbouring areas of Europe made millions of people leave their homes. Europe, including Finland, experienced a rapid increase in the number of asylum seekers. In this article, we examine the reception of asylum seekers by Finnish higher education institutions mainly by analysing media data written about and written by universities and universities of applied sciences in Finland. The higher education institutions, in keeping with their societal role, spontaneously developed various kinds of pop-up courses, co-operation projects and other activities for asylum seekers. These activities range from crisis work to medical clinics and sports events to language teaching. This led us to ask in this article, whether new tasks were emerging in the Finnish higher education institutions’ understanding of the societal role of higher education. This main question is operationalised in three subquestions. Firstly, we are interested in seeing how higher education institutions motivate their actions on developing activities for asylum seekers. Secondly, we analyse the goals and gainers of these activities. Thirdly, we discuss the challenges faced by the higher education institutions in their refugee and asylum seeker activities. Based on our findings, we suggest that new kinds of voluntary and humanitarian activities appear to be emerging at Finnish higher education institutions, as they responded to the increase in the number of asylum seekers, suggesting a change in the traditions of societal impact of Finnish higher education. Our analysis also shows an apparent paradox in the activities of the institutions: while they had no way of knowing how many asylum seekers will remain in Finland, they still organised activities that implied staying in Finland for a longer time. The higher education institutions themselves benefitted from the activities: they could exhibit their expertise and previous research in the area of immigrant studies, and aspects of service-learning system of societal activity could be taken into their curricula. Helping the asylum seekers brought the university community together while the asylum seekers themselves remained passive objects of the activities.
Analisis Korosi Paduan ZIRLO-Mo Dalam Media NaCl Menggunakan Metode Polarisasi
Authors: Ajiriyanto Maman Kartaman , Anggraini Dian , Kriswarini Rosika
Published: December 2017

Paduan zirlo-Mo merupakan jenis paduan logam zirkonium yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi bahan kelongsong reaktor pendingin air ringan. Parameter penting yang harus diketahui sebagai bahan kelongsong adalah sifat ketahanan korosi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketahanan korosi paduan zirlo-Mo dalam media NaCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,03; 0,3 dan 3 % dan dibandingkan dengan ketahanan korosi paduan zircaloy-2 dan zircaloy-4 pada media yang sama. Sampel uji dibuat berbentuk disk kemudian dimounting dan dipreparasi metalografi meliputi pengamplasan menggunakan kertas SiC dengan ukuran 500 sampai 1200 grit secara bertahap. Laju korosi zirlo-Mo dianalisis menggunakan metode polarisasi menggunakan alat Potensiostat. Keunggulan metode tahanan polarisasi adalah waktu pengujian korosi relatif lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan metode perubahan berat, selain itu metode ini  dapat menentukan laju korosi yang sangat rendah yaitu kurang dari 0,1 mpy. Pengujian lain yang dilakukan untuk mendukung analisis laju korosi adalah pengujian kekerasan mikro dengan Microhardness Tester dan pengamatan mikrostruktur mengunakan Mikroskop optik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa paduan zirlo-Mo, zircaloy-2 dan zircaloy-4 secara keseluruhan memiliki laju korosi sangat rendah yaitu kurang dari 1 mpy. Laju korosi paduan zircaloy-2 dan zircaloy-4 dan zirlo-Mo pada media NaCl 3 % berturut-turut adalah 0,006; 0,007 and 0,590 mpy. Laju korosi paduan zirlo-Mo adalah relatif paling tinggi, hal ini disebabkan karena paduan zirlo-Mo mempunyai struktur lath martensit atau accicular yang memiliki kekerasan tinggi. Struktur lath martensit dan kekerasan tinggi sangat rentan terhadap korosi. Nilai kekerasan paduan zircaloy-2, zircaloy-4 dan zirlo-Mo berturut-turut adalah 194,79; 227,95 and 360,05 HV. Adanya larutan padat Mo dan matrik Zr-α serta struktur martensite atau accicular pada paduan zirlo-Mo mengakibatkan kekerasan paduan menjadi tinggi.Kata kunci: laju korosi, tahanan polarisasi, paduan zirlo-Mo, mikrostruktur, kekerasan mikro
Identifikasi Fasa Pelet Bahan Bakar U-ZrHx Hasil Proses Sinter Dengan Atmosfer Nitrogen
Authors: Masrukan Masrukan , Setiawan Jan , Biyantoro Dwi
Published: December 2017

Identifikasi fasa bahan  bakar  pelet U-ZrHx hasil proses  sintering dengan atmosfer nitrogen telah dilakukan. Proses sintering dbertujuan untuk mendapatkan pelet yang mempunyai densitas lebih tinggi sehingga memenuhi persyaratan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui perubahan fasa dan densitas pelet U-ZrHx pada berbagai konsentrasi Zr setelah dikenakan proses sintering pada berbagai temperatur. Bahan bakar U-ZrHx untuk PWR dibuat berbentuk pelet dan perlu disinter untuk menaikkan densitasnya. Mula-mula dibuat pelet dari serbuk U-ZrHx dengan komposisi Zr berturut-turut sebesar 35, 45 dan 55 %berat melalui proses pengepresan pada tekanan 509-637 MPa. Pelet U-ZrHx mentah disinter dalam suasana gas nitrogen pada temperatur 1200 °C dan 1300 °C dengan waktu sinter dibuat tetap selama satu jam.  Pelet U-ZrHx sinter dianalisis fasanya menggunakan teknik difraksi sinar-X (XRD) dan data yang diperoleh dievaluasi menggunakan software HighScore Plus. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan terbentuknya fasa seperti fasa U(ZrH2), UO3, UO2, dan Zr. Fasa UO2, dan Zr kemudian dianalisis karakteristiknya seperti densitas, parameter kisi dan persentase beratnya. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh U-ZrHx yang mempunyai densitas tinggi tanpa terbentuknya banyak fasa. Hasil pengujian densitas menunjukkan bahwa logam zirkonium dan oksida UO2 mengalami penurunan densitas apabila temperatur sintering dinaikkan dari 1200 °C menjadi 1300 °C. Densitas total tertinggi diperoleh pada pelet U-55ZrHx yang disinter pada temperatur 1200 °C yakni sebesar 8,9187 g/cm3. Dari hasil analisis komposisi menunjukkan bahwa persentase logam zirkonium maupun uranium dioksida mendekati persentase yang direncanakan apabila pelet disinter pada temperatur 1300 sedangkan parameter kisinya mengalami kenaikan. Sementara itu dari perhitungan persen berat diperoleh logam zirkonium maupun uranium dioksida mempunyai persen berat yang sesuai dengan perhitungan teoritis bila disinter pada temperatur 1300  °C.Kata kunci: sintering, pelet U-ZrHx, fasa, atmosfer, nitrogen.
Karakteristik Daktilitas SS304 Yang Teroksidasi Pada Temperatur Tinggi
Authors: Setiawan Jan , Sungkono Sungkono
Published: December 2017

Perubahan karakteristik kekerasan, kekuatan tarik dan daktilitas SS304 yang dikenai perlakuan panas pada temperatur tinggi dengan media udara telah dilakukan. Baja SS304 merupakan baja tahan karat yang memiliki berbagai keunggulan sehingga banyak digunakan di dunia industri. Pada penelitian ini digunakan sampel uji dari pipa SS304 dengan diameter 30 mm dipotong secara transversal sehingga berbentuk cincin dengan lebar 3 mm. Sampel dikenai proses oksidasi dengan pemanasan pada temperatur 600 °C, 800 °C dan 1000 °C selama 1 dan 2 jam di dalam media udara. Setelah proses oksidasi sampel dikenai pendinginan baik secara alamiah diluar tungku atau dipercepat menggunakan media air, kemudian dilakukan pengujian kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik kearah transversal. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kekerasan pada sampel SS304 yang dikenai pendinginan dipercepat dibandingkan dengan sampel SS304 yang dikenai pendinginan alamiah. Nilai kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh pada pemanasan 1000 °C selama 1 jam dengan pendinginan dipercepat. Perubahan nilai kekerasan sebelum dan setelah melalui proses perlakuan terjadi dari 281,25 HV menjadi 468 HV. Nilai kekuatan tarik sampel SS304 memiliki kecenderungan menurun, namun daktilitasnya mengalami peningkatan. Hasil uji menunjukkan adanya penigkatan kekuatan tarik dan daktilitas SS304 yang diberi perlakuan pemanasan pada temperatur 600 °C selama 2 jam dan dikenai pendinginan alamiah. Kekuatan tariknya menjadi 744,04 MPa dan elongasinya meningkat sebesar 12,38 %. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh suatu pedoman bahwa penggunaan SS304 dalam lingkungan oksidasi pada temperatur tinggi dibatasi maksimum di temperatur 600 °C.Kata kunci: daktilitas, SS304, oksidasi, temperatur tinggi.
Qualidade das Gestões Municipais: Ensaio sobre uma Metodologia de Análise
Authors: Perrone Barbara Puccinelli , Francisco Filho Lauro Luiz
Published: December 2017

O objetivo central deste artigo é transcorrer sobre uma proposta em desenvolvimento que visa uma metodologia de análise das gestões municipais em municípios de até 50.000 haitantes. Indicadores relacionados à atenção básica de saúde, educação básica, economia, dados sociais e uso do solo foram associados a dois mapas políticos - um partidário e outro familiar, a fim de extrair análises que indicassem como a dominância de um desses dois cenários, impacta nas responsabilidades do governo local para com a sociedade. Além de comparar os dados entre as gestões de uma mesma cidade, a fim de acompanhar seu desenvolvimento e conexão com o desempenho do gestor – partido ou sobrenome, tais dados serão comparados com as demais cidades, permitindo a criação de graus de qualidade das gestões, o que acarretará em agrupamento em níveis qualitativos de cidades pertencentes ao mesmo universo de análise ou com características similares. A Constituição de 1988, marco decisivo na história da autonomia política dos municípios brasileiros, foi adotada como marco inicial para coleta de dados, caracterizando o recorte temporal. Ainda, foi determinado o último ano de cada gestão para serem colhidas e analisadas as informações - 1992; 1996; 2000; 2004; 2008; 2012, para que, dessa forma, fossem minimizados os riscos de serem colhidos dados pertencentes às ações da gestão anterior. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gestão municipal. Dominância. Política.
Desigualdade estruturante, política urbana e novos agentes na produção do espaço
Authors: Claro Letícia Pacheco dos Passos
Published: December 2017

Esse estudo tem como objetivo apontar como a desigualdade estruturante da sociedade brasileira é a principal causa da inoperância da política urbana brasileira, expressa aqui pelo Estatuto da Cidade, além de apontar possíveis caminhos para reverter esse cenário em busca da revolução urbana. A partir de um estudo histórico-analítico, o cenário da elaboração da política urbana é traçado, paralelamente à construção da sociedade brasileira, baseada na desigualdade, especialmente pela segregação do negro. Esse panorama visa apontar como essa desigualdade estruturante impede a operacionalização do Estatuto da Cidade e demais instrumentos da política urbana. Em seguida, são apontados os possíveis caminhos em busca da revolução urbana: a inserção de novos agentes, sujeitos coletivos difusos que defendem os interesses coletivos nos campos de poder, fazendo frente ao Estado e demais atores hegemônicos. Esse estudo evidencia os desafios dessa inserção e aponta a importância desses novos agentes e atores na ação pública e na defesa do direito à cidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: política urbana, desigualdade, agentes
Pichação como manifesto da heterogenia urbana e do não-pertencimento ao patrimônio: o caso da Igreja da Pampulha
Authors: Garcia Clara Gonzaga
Published: December 2017

Pretende-se relativizar o sentido de patrimônio arquitetônico a partir dos casos de pichação da Igreja da Pampulha, em Belo Horizonte, ocorridos em março de 2016 e março de 2017. As situações a serem analisadas tornaram-se escândalo nacional e internacional e motivo de rechaço comum. Deste modo, em vista do contexto plural urbano, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é atentar o olhar para a desobediência civil e para as lógicas de poder vigentes, a fim de que casos como este se tornem oportunidades de diálogo e sejam tratadas de maneira mais ponderada. Para isto, utilizar-se-á de: um pequeno histórico sobre o movimento modernista brasileiro e o nascimento do Serviço de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional; a discussão sobre o sentido de existência de um programa de patrimônio; um marco teórico derivado de noções da antropologia e sociologia para enriquecer o debate acerca das relações de pertencimento ou afastamento entre pessoas e o espaço construído; por fim, uma investigação sobre a pichação como forma de manifesto e apropriação do espaço urbano. Desta maneira, percebe-se que há uma necessidade latente de integrar objetos arquitetônicos preservados em uma perspectiva de criação de memória coletiva, no sentido de permitir a abertura para experiência afetiva gerada através do usufruto do próprio corpo no espaço. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: patrimônio arquitetônico, Igreja da Pampulha, pichação.
Parques Urbanos na promoção da Qualidade de Vida Estudo de caso em Passo Fundo, RS
Authors: Carasek Mirian , Melo Evanisa Fátima Reginato Quevedo , Melo Ricardo Henryque Reginato Quevedo
Published: December 2017

Os parques tem importância inegável na preservação de ambientes urbanos, atuando como ferramenta para melhorar a qualidade de vida, no caso de Passo Fundo, uma área degradada no centro da cidade foi transformada em parque. O objetivo foi diagnosticar e avaliar os impactos da implantação do Parque Ambiental do Banhado da Vergueiro no município de Passo Fundo/RS. A metodologia utilizada foi a busca de diferentes percepções, que englobam pesquisadores e usuários, utilizando-se principalmente de métodos qualitativos como o levantamento documental, observação in loco, entrevistas. O parque foi construído como um espaço integrado ao meio ambiente, de modo a permitir a recuperação dos espaços públicos de Passo Fundo, contando com edificação para a Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Centro de Educação Ambiental, playground, anfiteatro ao ar livre, área de contemplação, iluminação, paisagismo e lazer.  O projeto propõe um desenho diferenciado, com elevação das passarelas para que as pessoas possam caminhar pelo parque e conhecer o seu bioma sem destruí-lo, além de trabalhar no sistema de captação de energia solar e água das chuvas, todas as ações vão ao encontro da sustentabilidade e uma nova forma de interagir com o meio ambiente. Percebe-se que o Parque Ambiental do Banhado da Vergueiro  promove o cuidado com o meio ambiente, em uma inter-relação cidadão-cidade-natureza, por meio da conexão com o ambiente natural,  priorizando a preservação do local e integrando à área urbana por meio da convivência dos usuários. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Preservação da paisagem. Patrimônio ambiental. Planejamento urbano.
Conflitos na formação do território e na definição de fronteiras: estudo de caso do bairro rural de Vargem no município de Bragança Paulista.
Authors: Nunes Carolina Gonçalves , Salgado Ivone
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho discute os conflitos na formação do território, com foco no desenvolvimento das povoações que estão inseridas numa rede urbana. A área em estudo é uma região de fronteira, no território que esteve em disputa entre paulistas e mineiros, por séculos. Este conflito, que se origina pelas descobertas dos territórios auríferos no século XVII, teria sua solução somente em 1936, quando os governos mineiro e paulista, através de um decreto, acordam suas fronteiras. O estudo de caso de um bairro rural nesta região de fronteira, o bairro de Vargem, no município de Bragança Paulista, no ano de 1935, revela a dimensão micro-social deste conflito. Esse estudo foi realizado utilizando-se de análise de documentação cartográfica (recenseamento populacional e habitacional) e de documentação bibliográfica (álbuns comerciais locais) e procurou identificar os moradores do bairro rural de Vargem e suas identidades, mineira ou paulista; assim como sua relação com o município paulista, de Bragança, ou com o município mineiro, de Santa Rita de Extrema. O trabalho procura desvendar a teia social, econômica e de poder junto ao bairro rural de Vargem, aonde se localizava a última estação da ferrovia Bragantina, e onde alguns moradores se definiam como mineiros, moradores do município de Santa Rita de Extrema, Minas Gerias, criando sua relação peculiar em prol de seus interesses no contexto de uma economia financiada pelo capital gerado pela produção do café. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bragança Paulista. Vargem. Conflito de fronteira.
Estruturas verdes e hídricas no planejamento e na gestão das cidades: abordagens complementares sobre a questão ambiental urbana
Authors: Araujo Eloisa Carvalho de , Neves Isabela Santa Cruz , Frazão Maria Eduarda Guida
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo, ao inserir-se a partir de reflexões orientado por um olhar técnico científico sobre a importância dos sistemas fluviais e das áreas verdes em um contexto de unidades espaciais que influenciam diretamente iniciativas de planejamento local, visa contribuir para o debate da temática da produção do território, política pública e gestão de cidade. A gestão do uso do solo, indicada nos planos diretores municipais, vai se refletir na questão da drenagem, demandando articulação estreita e também na possibilidade do uso sustentável das áreas de preservação permanente. Em ambos os casos a questão ambiental, se traduz, na presente reflexão, na valorização da relação natureza-sociedade-legislação. Os recortes geográficos iniciais foram a Bacia Hidrográfica do Canal do Mangue, integrante do sistema hídrico da Baia de Guanabara, que uma vez enquadrada na perspectiva sistêmica, possibilita uma análise integrada e as Áreas de Preservação Permanentes no município de Paraty. Através da interseção entre textos científicos e observação quanto aos casos, a análise tende a contribuir para ampliar a compreensão sobre as unidades espaciais, entrelaçadas na problemática urbana ambiental nas cidades contemporâneas. A ideia de articulação entre os sistemas aqui expostos para o planejamento e gerenciamento de cidades notadamente assegura a importância que os mesmos revelam para a formulação de políticas públicas. Mesmo com resultados parciais, a partir de olhares complementares, tais estudos revelam-se, através da questão ambiental, na perspectiva de uma instigante investigação.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gestão de cidades, bacia hidrográfica, áreas de preservação permanente, planejamento
Caminhabilidade: aplicação do projeto IAAPE em um trecho da área central da cidade de Joinville(SC)
Authors: Stein Marine Lais , Snowareski Heloisa Honorato , Pfützenreuter Andréa Holz
Published: December 2017

O meio urbano reflete o resultado da contínua e dinâmica interação entre as atividades urbanas e os elementos naturais, numa constante relação de escala, forma, função e movimento. As calçadas de uma cidade são vias operadas por um dos modais mais utilizados para realização de pequenos percursos, o caminhar. O conceito de caminhabilidade frisa nas condições do espaço urbano vistas sob a ótica do pedestre, definindo como a medida em que as características do ambiente urbano estimulam a sua utilização para deslocamentos a pé. O emprego da caminhabilidade deve abranger todas as pessoas, independente de faixa etária, estrutura ou dificuldade de mobilidade, para isto é necessário entender como funciona o conceito de acessibilidade focado no espaço urbano. Com o intuito de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos deslocamentos a pé, será apresentado o estudo da avaliação da caminhabilidade das ruas Max Colin e Timbó do município de Joinville – SC, analisadas por meio da acessibilidade e do projeto IAAPE (Lisboa). O diagnóstico será exposto a fim de comparativos e identificação de pontos críticos com as devidas propostas para solução da infraestrutura física. As recomendações têm por intenção apresentar alternativas de intervenções e políticas públicas que venham auxiliar para a melhoria da caminhabilidade dos pontos críticos como: revestimento, obstáculos, inclinação, desnível e cruzamento. Palavras-chaves: Calçada. Caminhabilidade. Acessibilidade.
Plano de gestão de recursos hídricos em unidades de saúde
Authors: Durante Luciane Cleonice , Stiz Wesley de Oliveira , Moreira José Vinnicius Ranieri
Published: December 2017

O trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar eixos estruturantes de um plano de gestão de recursos hídricos, evidenciando seus potenciais impactos nas atividades de unidades de saúde. Os eixos estruturantes englobam ações e políticas visando a redução e, reutilização de água, bem como a diminuição dos custos operacionais. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, foram consolidadas cinco etapas que delineiam o plano: monitoramento, modernização de equipamentos, ações socioeducativas, novos métodos/processos e reuso da água. Os resultados relacionam a redução do consumo proporcionada pela implementação das ações e o investimento necessário para realizá-la, garantindo, assim, parâmetros sustentáveis de gestão financeira e de recursos naturais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Consumo de água. Uso racional da água. Gestão hospitalar.
Instrumentos de apoio à gestão ambiental urbana
Authors: Ávila Leandro Bittencourt , Silva André Souza
Published: December 2017

Analisar instrumentos legais e técnicos capazes de qualificar as tomadas de decisões no âmbito da gestão pública e do planejamento urbano é o objetivo da presente pesquisa. Centrado na Legislação Ambiental, no Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico (ZEE) e no Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) o método analisou de modo conjunto e complementar os meios natural e antrópico. Os resultados demonstram que tais instrumentos, com vistas a manutenção da qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento sustentável são fundamentais diante das alterações advindas do uso e ocupação do solo e podem auxiliar no aprimoramento da gestão e do planejamento ambiental urbano em cidades.
Análise da viabilidade de implantação de captação de águas pluviais em escola pública no Recife-PE
Authors: Lima Kleyton Luan Barbosa de Andrade , Nunes Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira , Silva Simone Rosa da
Published: December 2017

As cidades passam por cada vez maiores dificuldades para garantir o abastecimento público de água potável. Uma alternativa para reduzir a demanda de água tratada é a utilização do sistema de aproveitamento de água pluvial. Este trabalho analisa a viabilidade econômica da implantação de um sistema de captação, armazenamento e distribuição de água de chuva em uma escola pública estadual na cidade de Recife-PE. Para isso, foram analisados os dados pluviométricos locais, a área de contribuição e a demanda de água não potável na edificação, a fim de dimensionar um reservatório e as instalações de drenagem pluvial. O custo da implantação do sistema foi estimado em R$ 38.715,48, e comparado à economia anual de R$ 6.381,24, trazida pela substituição de 59,6% da água potável pela pluvial, resulta num período de retorno do investimento estimado em 6 anos e 25 dias. As vantagens resultantes desse sistema não são apenas financeiras, mas ainda ambientais e culturais. A redução do volume de precipitação, graças à parte armazenada, pode atenuar o impacto de precipitações capazes de gerar alagamentos no prédio. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aproveitamento de água pluvial. Dimensionamento de reservatórios. Escolas públicas.
Técnicas Associadas de Remediação de Contaminação da Água e do Solo por Hidrocarbonetos: Estudo de Caso em Posto de Combustível
Authors: Cardoso José Eduardo Taddei , Lodi Paulo Cesar , Barros Ana Maria Taddei Cardoso de
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação de técnicas de remediação em processos de contaminação da água e do solo por hidrocarbonetos empregadas em posto de combustível na cidade de Itaporanga/SP, baseando-se em estudos investigativos prévios realizados pela CETESB, em análises do solo e da água, monitoramento, investigações e remediações realizados por empresas contratadas pela CETESB. As técnicas associadas foram de Bombeamento e Tratamento (Pump And Treat) (PT) em conjunto com o processo Air Sparging, e de forma concomitante, foram aplicados os processos de Oxidação Avançada (POA) e de Biorremediação. A aplicação das técnicas de remediação recuperou 2200 litros de óleo diesel, num período de 1199 dias com eficiência de 100%. Possíveis vazamentos de óleo diesel durante o processo podem ter comprometido a eficiência da remoção de benzeno. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hidrocarbonetos. Remediação. Postos de Gasolina.