bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Gravel Packing and Filter-Cake Cleanup
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 71672, "Simultaneous Gravel Packing and Filter-Cake Cleanup With Shunt Tubes in Openhole Completions: A Case History From the Gulf of Mexico," by Keith Godwin, Stone Energy Corp., and Bala Gadiyar, SPE, and Hal Riordan, Schlumberger, originally presented at the 2001 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-3 October.
Multilateral Workovers: A New Possibility With Coiled Tubing
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 72285, "Multilateral Workovers: A New Possibility With Coiled Tubing," by John Ravensbergen, SPE, BJ Services Co., originally presented at the 2001 IADC/SPE Middle East Drilling Technology, Bahrain, 22-24 October.
Horizontal-Well Cleaning and Evaluation Using Concentric Coiled Tubing
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 74820, "Horizontal-Well Cleaning and Evaluation Using Concentric Coiled Tubing: A Three-Well Case Study From Australia," by Mike Kuchel, SPE, BJ Services C.A., Jason Clark, SPE, ChevronTexaco, and Douglas Marques, SPE, BJ Services C.A., originally presented at the 2002 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 9-10 April.
Interventionless Hydrostatic Packer in West of Shetland Completions
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper OTC 13288, "Interventionless Hydrostatic Packer Experience in West of Shetland Completions," by John N.E. Mason, SPE, Paul Moran, and James G. King, SPE, Baker OIl Tools, and Paul D. Cameron, SPE, BP, originally presented at the 2001 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April-3 May.
Plunger-Lift Optimization With Wellbore High-Frequency Acoustic Signals
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 71083, "Plunger-Lift optimization by Monitoring and Analyzing Well High-Frequency Acoustic Signals, Tubing Pressure, and Casing Pressure," by Jim McCoy and Lynn Rowlan, Echometer Co., and A.L. Podio, U. of Texas at Austin, originally presented at the 2001 SPE Rocky Mountain Petroleum Technology Conference, Keystone, Colorado, 21-23 May.
Solutions Developed for Chemical Treatment Challenges in Deepwater Production
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: February 2015

Technology Update - No abstract available.
Techbits (May 2003)
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: February 2015

Techbits - No abstract available.
An Investigation Into the Recruitment Problems Facing the Drilling Sector
Authors: Woodall Guy
Published: February 2015

Management - This is a condensed version of paper SPE/IADC 79890, which was presented at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference held in Amsterdam, 19-21 February 2003.
High-Resolution Porosity and Fluid-Saturation Measurement While Drilling
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 77561, "High- Resolution Downhole Measurements of Porosity and Fluid Saturation While Core Drilling," by Roger T. Bonnecaze, Mukul M. Sharma, SPE, and Jason E. Butler, U. of Texas at Austin, and Gustavo Arboleda, Advanced Coring Technologies, originally presented at the 2002 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, 29 September-2 October.
Fourteen Years of Progressing Cavity Pumps
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 80919, "Fourteen Years of Progressing Cavity Pumps in a Southern Oklahoma Waterflood," by Kenneth D. Oglesby, SPE, Oak Resources Inc.; Jose Luis Arellano, Petroleum Experts Ltd.; and Gary Scheer, SPE, Advanced Rotary Pump Systems Inc., originally presented at the 2003 SPE Production and Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 23-25 March 2003.
The First Offshore Installation of a Composite Riser Joint
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper OTC 14018, "The First Offshore Field Installation for a Composite Riser Joint," by Mamdouh M. Salama, SPE, ConocoPhillips Inc.; Gisle Stjern, Statoil; Turid Storhaug, Deepwater Composites; Brian Spencer, Spencer Composites; and Andreas Echtermeyer, Det Norske Veritas, originally presented at the 2002 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 6-9 May.
Expanding the Coiled-Tubing Collapse Ratings Envelope
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 77611, "Expanding the Envelope of Coiled- Tubing Collapse Ratings in High- Pressure/High-Temperature Wells," by H.B. Luft, SPE, and R. Wright, BJ Services Co., and P. Bouroumeau- Fuseau, TotalFinaElf Exploration U.K. plc, originally presented at the 2002 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, 20 September-2 October.
The Quadruple Bottom Line (May 2004)
Authors: Baker Kate H.
Published: February 2015

President's column - No abstract available.
New Mexico Gas Wells Pose ESP Challenge
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: February 2015

Technology Update - No abstract available.
Shared Vision (May 2005)
Authors: Paccaloni Giovanni
Published: February 2015

SPE is a very inclusive organization.

We embrace diversity as a core value that stimulates learning, enhances creativity and promotes excellence. We gain strength and vitality from the wide range of experiences and perspectives that our members bring to SPE. From Asia Pacific to Europe, from the Middle East to North and South America, I have met SPE members of every age group, career level, cultural background and technical discipline. SPE has earned a reputation as a neutral body that transcends geopolitical issues by focusing on knowledge exchange that considers all viewpoints, and by treating members fairly and equitably. Our members know that they can advance to any level within SPE because we value individual differences. The makeup of SPE’s board, committees, task forces and teams reflects the diversity of our membership.

Our current membership demographics clearly reveal our increasingly global makeup, and an amazing array of job types, job levels and company affiliations. Just five years ago, 40% of our members lived outside North America. Now, more than 50% of our members are geographically dispersed in 108 countries.

The globalization of SPE becomes even more apparent when you look at membership growth over the last five years: Middle East, +33%; Africa, +75%; Asia Pacific, +26%; South America, +21%. Although North Sea regional membership remains stable, membership in South Central and Eastern Europe is up 21%. North American membership increased 2%in the last five years. New sections have opened this year in Switzerland, Argentina and India, underscoring our growth on three continents.

Our diversity extends beyond geography into job focus. SPE is not just for petroleum engineers—SPE is for all professionals who work in the upstream energy industry. While 44% of our members report that they are engineers in various disciplines, 20% describe themselves as managers and 15% are executives. Our members are also educators, consultants, technicians and geoscientists.

The spectrum of professions and expertise within SPE becomes even more fascinating when we look at the degrees our members hold. SPE has defined six technical disciplines that reflect the wide range of our members’ specialties: Drilling and Completions; Health, Safety and Environment; Facilities and Construction; Management and Information; Production and Operations; and Reservoir Description and Dynamics. In addition to the expected engineering and geoscience degrees, we have members who are medical doctors and nurses (in Health, Safety and Environment); members who hold law degrees, PhDs in a range of disciplines and MBAs (in Management and Information); and those with less common degrees like food chemistry or industrial economy who have found their way into the industry. We even have master mariners.
Guest Editorial: Safe Drinking Water: A Case for Service
Authors: Koerner Roy H.
Published: February 2015

My good friend Lyn Arscott, a former SPE President and an SPE Foundation Trustee, introduced the subject of engineer volunteerism last month. Our 2007 SPE President, Abdul-Jaleel Al-Khalifa, encouraged us to write these guest editorials because we have before us a magnificent opportunity to help change the world for the better. We can help provide safe drinking water to millions around the globe and help save lives in a world where waterborne diseases kill a child every 15 seconds.

Why do people serve? We empathize with others in distress and have since birth. Psychological experiments prove this through the observations of newborn babies in nurseries. When one baby cries out in suffering, it results in a cacophony of wailing infants. Noise is not the causal factor. A recording of a baby's cry, played back, does not result in more crying. The baby recognizes its own cry and also empathizes with another human in distress. Why? A logical reason is found in the evolutionary study of early humans. Ancestral Homo sapiens survived by relying on and cooperating with others. Even those Neanderthals who suffered severe injuries, such as loss of limbs, had to be nurtured.

Why should we serve? Psychologists have demonstrated that helping others less fortunate in a personal, hands-on way results in a sense of well-being and improves our self-image by showing us that we lead a purposeful life. Thus, we enrich our lives through service. Serving others helps us succeed by improving our relationships with family, friends, acquaintances, work associates, and many other people.

Managers who are sensitive to their employees' needs and act on them are more successful. And at least two comprehensive studies prove that companies that have written ethical value statements and operate by those standards make more money and provide higher returns to investors, on average, than other companies.

A recent article in Business Week (29 January 2007, page 50) illustrates the point that companies that do good things for their communities often do well financially. Individuals also prosper by doing good things for their fellow human beings. Engineers serve by solving problems. For example, engineers at Colorado State University developed a cook stove with a thermoelectric generator that provides sufficient electricity to power a room light, a small TV, or a radio for hours. This connects many people to the outside world for the first time. Engineers Without Borders provides technical assistance to areas that have needs and has worked to bring safe drinking water to developing areas. Another engineering marvel is the "Lifestraw," a device that uses filters and other components to purify water as someone sucks water through a tube. It provides about a year of safe water from surface sources. SPE members have many natural and learned skills that could benefit others around the world.
Invert-Fluid Flocculation: A Method for Recycling Drilling Fluid
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: February 2015

A new technology is now in use to increase the efficiency of traditional solids-control equipment in removing colloidal fines and water from invert drilling fluids. This method makes it possible to extend fluid lifespan and recover and reuse valuable components. Colloidal fines—particles measuring less than 2 µm equivalent spherical diameter—are typically difficult to remove through the exclusive use of mechanical devices relying on screening or gravity. Through the application of chemistry and equipment packages, these colloidal solids now can be removed from systems with a hydrocarbon-continuous phase through a process of flocculation, which aggregates these fines to facilitate their removal. The use of this process results in a high-performance fluid with lower density, increased oil content, and no colloidal solids. The benefits go beyond those associated with traditional treatment methods and include the alternative provided to the disposal of unusable stock.

The invert-fluid flocculation technology, called Reclaim, was introduced recently by M-I Swaco. Invert drilling fluids are water-in-oil emulsions containing a hydrocarbon-continuous phase with an emulsified internal aqueous "brine" phase in addition to clays, weighting agents, and other additives (Darley and Gray 1988). These fluids serve many functions during drilling, one of which is to remove excavated rock, or "drill cuttings," from the borehole. These solids are incorporated continuously into the mud, with solids-control equipment employed at the rigsite to remove them and return the drilling fluid to the active system in a usable condition. Typical equipment, such as shakers and centrifuges, remove solids greater than 5 to 7 µm (ASME 2005). However, as drilling fluids are used to drill multiple holes, fine particles can build up and ultimately create problems for efficient drilling. Typically, the drilling fluid is diluted and reformulated to reduce the concentration of these fine solids and return the fluid to acceptable physical properties. This is often costly and also increases the volume of drilling fluid, leading to problems of storage, transport, and disposal. In severe cases, in which dilution is uneconomic, the drilling fluid will be disposed of as waste and fresh fluid mixed. This involves significant cost and environmental impact.

The new technology uses polymeric inverse emulsions and surfactants coupled with defined-shear and mixing systems to flocculate fine solids in invert drilling fluids, enabling them to be removed by use of standard oilfield centrifuges. The result is the reclamation of the hydrocarbon component with no fine-contaminant solids, and this reclaimed hydrocarbon stream can be used as base fluid for new drilling formulations. This significantly benefits the processes of fluids recycling and inventory control, reduces disposal volume, and improves drilling performance.
Human Factors in Control-Center Design
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper IPTC 11762, "Improvement of Human Factors in Control-Center Design - Experiences Using ISO 11064 in The Norwegian Petroleum Industry and Suggestions for Improvements," by Andreas Lumbe Aas, Norges Teknisk- Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Dept. of Computer Science, and Stig Ole Johnsen, Sintef Technology and Society, prepared for the 2007 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Dubai, 4-6 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Managing human factors (HFs) in the design of control centers (CCs) has become increasingly important in large-scale petroleum projects because of the effects on safety and on efficient operations. Integrated operations (IOs) introduce new ways of working, allowing virtual teams, but raise new risk-management issues. In 2006, 22 persons, representing different sectors and professions in the industry, were asked about their experiences with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 11064, the standard guide to "ergonomic design of control centers" for handling HFs during design of CCs. This paper summarizes experiences applying ISO 11064 in Norwegian petroleum projects and suggests areas for improvements.

Introduction

This study mapped experiences in applying ISO 11064 to CC design in full-scale industrial projects [e.g., construction of new offshore installations (oil platforms); floating production, storage, and offloading vessels; and onshore process installations] as well as major CC modifications of the same.

Fig. 1 shows the ergonomic-design process for CCs in ISO 11064. This process has five phases, A through E, that perform iteratively. ISO 11064 consists of seven parts, of which Part 5 is still in draft. This paper focuses on Part 1, principles for the design of CCs, because this was the part most commonly used among interviewees. Several interviewees pointed out that Part 3, control-room layout, and Part 7, principles for the evaluation of CCs, also were important.

ISO 11064 is a normative reference in the regulations relating to design and outfitting of facilities as published by the Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA), the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, and the Norwegian Social and Health Directorate. ISO 11064 is not designed specifically for IOs, but the principles of the standard can be used for IOs.

The systematic consideration of human error in systems designs can lead to improved safety, even improved productivity in many cases. To allow for efficient design of safety-critical systems, it is important to have flexible safety standards that provide a good cost/benefit ratio and contribute to the design of safer systems. Therefore, a goal-based approach is discussed.
Technology Focus: Multilateral/Extended Reach (May 2008)
Authors: Mason Colin
Published: February 2015

Technology Focus

The quest to secure future reserves drives demand for increasingly complex casing and well designs. Not only is there a desire to drill longer-step-out wells, but also to drill to deeper horizons in harsh environments. This increasing trend naturally presents intense technical challenges to drilling, completion, and subsurface specialists. To help describe this growing and diverse array of well designs in a coherent and concise manner, there is a clear need for a robust classification system. This nontrivial task will help identify common requirements for new technology and improve communication and understanding across the industry.

Consider, for example, the definition of an extended-reach-drilled (ERD) well. Most readers will know that ERD wells are associated with accessing reserves at locations remote from a drillsite. Early ERD-well definitions related wells to those that exceeded some step-out/vertical-depth ratio (often 2:1). However, for most highly deviated wells in deepwater environments, this definition clearly does not fit. Some methods have evolved to categorize wells according to their stepout within different vertical-depth ranges. ERD wells then can be described conveniently as shallow, intermediate, deep, and ultradeep. Other variants are associated with operating in deep water and high-pressure/high-temperature environments. Currently, there is no generally accepted ERD-well definition.

No matter what well-design definitions prevail, it is vitally important how they are communicated, not only across the industry but especially within each organization. Experience has shown that the ERD acronym has a high profile, but its lack of definition regularly results in oversimplification and misrepresentation. The industry must address this deficiency and construct a method for characterizing all well designs that will stand the test of time.

Multilateral/Extended Reach additional reading available at the SPE eLibrary: www.spe.org

SPE 107603 • "The Use of Multilateral Technology in an Environmentally Sensitive Area: the Val d'Agri Field, Italy" by Cristiano Caproni, SPE, Halliburton, et al.

SPE 110584 • "Unique Micronized Weight Material Delivers Ultrathin NAF To Optimize ERD" by Wayne Matlock, M-I Swaco, et al.

SPE 114117 • "Modeling of the Stability of Multibranch Horizontal Open Holes" by Alberto Lopez Manriquez, University of Texas at Austin, et al.
Relevance (June 2002)
Authors: Holditch Stephen A.
Published: February 2015

President's column - No abstract available.
Comments (June 2002)
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: February 2015

Editor's column - No abstract available.
Techbits (June 2002)
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: February 2015

Techbits - No abstract available.
Q&A with Tan Sri Dato' Mohd Hassan Marican
Authors: Marican Tan Sri Dato' Mohd Hassan , Donnelly John
Published: February 2015

Q&A - No abstract available.
Surface BOP for Deepwater Drilling in a Moderate Environment
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper OTC 14265, "Surface BOP for Deepwater Moderate Environment Drilling Operations From a Floating Drilling Unit," by Earl Shanks, Jim Schroeder, Bill Ambrose, and Riddle Steddum, Transocean Sedco Forex Inc., originally presented at the 2002 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 6-9 May.
Mud Microloss Analysis While Drilling Improves Fractured- Reservoir Evaluation
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 71737, "Use of Mud Microloss Analysis While Drilling To Improve the Formation Evaluation in Fractured Reservoir," by G. Beda and C. Carugo, ENI Agip Div., originally presented at the 2001 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-3 October.
Imparting Directional Dependence on Log-Derived Permeability
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 71721, "Imparting Directional Dependence on Log-Derived Permeability," by J.H. Schon, Joanneum Research, and D.T. Georgi, SPE, and O. Fanini, SPE, Baker Atlas, originally presented at the 2001 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-3 October.
Injector-/Producer-Well Combinations in Toe-to-Heel Air Injection
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 75137, "Injection Well/Producer Well Combinations in THAI 'Toe-to-Heel Air Injection,'" by T.X. Xia and M. Greaves, SPE, U. of Bath, and A.T. Turta, SPE, Petroleum Recovery Inst., originally presented at the 2002 SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, 13-17 April.
Gas/Oil Ratio, Temperature, and Initial Water-Saturation Effects on Solution-Gas Drive
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 71499, "Effect of GOR, Temperature, and Initial Water Saturation on Solution-Gas Drive in Heavy-Oil Reservoirs," by G. Tang, SPE, and A. Firoozabadi, SPE, Reservoir Engineering Research Inst., originally presented at the 2001 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-3 October.
Effect of Heterogeneity on In-Situ Combustion
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 75128, "The Effect of Heterogeneity on In-Situ Combustion: The Propagation of Combustion Fronts in Layered Porous Media," by I. Yucel Akkutlu and Yannis C. Yortsos, SPE, U. of Southern California, originally presented at the 2002 SPE/DOE Thirteenth Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, 13-17 April.
Collaboration Between Corporations, Nongovernmental Organizations, and Indigenous Communities in Latin America
Authors: Garcia Percy , Vredenburg Harrie
Published: February 2015

Management - No abstract available.
Improved Production-Testing Performance: Deepwater West Africa
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 79813, "Key Initiatives Improve Production Testing Performance, Deepwater West Africa," by P.C. Schuberth, SPE, E.M. Garcia, SPE, M.W. Walker, SPE, and T.J. Akers, ExxonMobil Development Co., prepared for the 2003 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, 19-21 February.
Performance Gains With Fifth-Generation Rigs
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 79833, "Performance Gains With Fifth- Generation Rigs," by Chip Keener, Ibukun Keji-Ajayi, and Rod Allan, Transocean, prepared for the 2003 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, 19-21 February.
Canyon Express: Design and Experience on High-Rate Deepwater Gas Producers
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper OTC 15094, "Canyon Express: Design and Experience on High-Rate Deepwater Gas Producers Using Frac-Pack and Intelligent Well Completion Systems," by J. Piedras, TotalFinaElf E&P, USA Inc.; G.P. Stimatz, SPE, Marathon Oil Co.; V.B. Jackson Nielsen, SPE, WellDynamics Inc.; and G.M. Watson, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2003 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 5-8 May.
Production Logging in Horizontal Gravel-Packed Highly Viscous Oil Producers
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 84207, "Production Logging in Horizontal Gravel-Packed Highly Viscous Oil Producers in the North Sea," by Steve Riley, Baker Atlas; Jim Clark, ChevronTexaco; and Benoît Guivarch, David Chace, and Daryl Trcka, Baker Atlas, prepared for the 2003 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 5-8 October.
Ormen Lange Langeled Development
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper OTC 18961, "The Ormen Lange Langeled Development," by Tom Rotjer, Hydro, prepared for the 2007 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April-3 May.

The full-length paper provides a summary of the challenges of executing the Ormen Lange Langeled project. The three main features of the project-execution phase are the Ormen Lange offshore development, the Ormen Lange onshore development, and the Langeled gas-export system including the gas-receiving facility in the UK.

Introduction

The Ormen Lange gas field was discovered by Hydro in 1997. The development of the field, 120 km off the midwest coast of Norway, is the largest industrial project in Norway. As of January 2007, the Ormen Lange Langeled project is more than 90% complete, within budget, and on schedule for gas export by October 2007. When Ormen Lange comes on stream in October 2007, the project will contribute to the increase of Norwegian gas export by 25%. The peak annual gas production from the field of 22×109 std m3 is equivalent to the total annual energy consumption in Norway. Gas from Ormen Lange will be able to meet as much as 20% of the UK gas demand. Production life is estimated to be 30 to 40 years. Ormen Lange's gas-export pipeline, Langeled, from Nyhamna in Norway to Easington on the east coast of England, is the world's longest subsea pipeline, with 42- and 44-in.-diameter pipes and a total length of 1200 km. The Ormen Lange field will contribute significantly to Norway becoming the second largest exporter of natural gas in the world.

Project Management

The Ormen Lange Langeled field-development project is organized with a multicompany integrated project team headed by Hydro. Shell is responsible for subsurface and drilling of production wells and for preparing for operations. Statoil is responsible for the execution of the Langeled project. Because of the shear size and complexity of the project, it was organized into the following three major subprojects with different focuses and challenges.The Ormen Lange offshore project consists of subsea installations approximately 120 km offshore, with templates, manifolds, and pipelines.The Ormen Lange onshore project consists of the gas-processing facilities at Nyhamna.The Langeled project consists of the 1200-km gas-export transportation system, the tie-in to the Sleipner field, and the Easington gas-reception terminal in the UK.

Hydro organized a common project for the execution of the field development and the transportation system to secure the integrity of the Ormen Lange Langeled project from reservoir to market. The Langeled-project organization has been staffed with personnel from both Statoil and Hydro.
Challenges of Waterflooding in a Deepwater Environment
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper OTC 18523, "Challenges for Waterflooding in a Deepwater Environment," by Azhar Alkindi, SPE, Shell; Robert Prince- Wright, Riskbytes; and Wesley Moore, SPE, John Walsh, Lee Morgenthaler, and Cor Kuijvenhoven, SPE, Shell, prepared for the 2007 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April-3 May.

The waterflood study team for the deepwater Ursa/Princess field evaluated various challenges affecting the surface and subsurface aspects of the development plan. The design for an optimum injection rate was a bottom-up process from the reservoir to the topside injection facilities. Reservoir-sweep efficiency and reservoir-pressure distribution dictated injection-well designs and injection-pump sizing. Subsurface risks, such as reservoir souring and hydrate formation, dictated material selection and completion design.

Introduction

Ursa and Princess fields are 100 miles south-southeast of the Mississippi River mouth in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Mars basin. The Ursa field was discovered in 1990 and has been producing since 1999. The Princess field was discovered in 2000 and has been producing since December 2003 through a subsea tieback to Ursa. The fields have common main reservoirs (the Yellow) and are in pressure communication.

Because of limited tension-leg-platform (TLP) well availability, high cost of subsea wells, and the limitations of the subsea system to handle large water cuts, the waterflood will use relatively few injectors. The proposed base plan has four water injectors: two into Princess and two into Ursa. Producing wells will include three Princess subsea wells and four Ursa TLP wells.

High injection rates are required to replace voidage and maintain reservoir pressure above bubblepoint. Initial injection rates per well (annual average) of 30,000 to 40,000 BWPD are required.

Because the original operating health, safety, and environmental (HSE) case for the asset did not include the potential threat of reservoir souring after seawater injection, well-casing and -tubular materials have limited resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC). This resulted in the need to recomplete the Ursa TLP direct-vertical-access (DVA) wells with qualified tubing. Princess producers already have C100 sour-resistant casing and will not require tubing change out.

Injection Wells

The number of wells was optimized during a number of vital reviews. Sweep efficiency and return on investment were the main optimization criteria for the required total water-injection rate per day. Approximately 50% of the total project capital expenditure is related to drilling and well completion. Because economics is the dominating decision criterion for injector number, optimizing the fine details of the well bottomhole locations, well geometry, and well-completion designs retains prime importance.
Pull Your BOP Stack - Or Not? Systematic Method to Making This Multimillion Dollar Decision
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 119762, "Pull Your BOP Stack - Or Not? A Systematic Method to Making This Multimillion- Dollar Decision," by Jeff Sattler, SPE, WEST Engineering Services, prepared for the 2009 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 17-19 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Pulling the blowout-preventer (BOP) stack, particularly in deep water, is costly. While in most cases this action is proper, circumstances arise when the stack pull could be avoided. Case studies are presented in which planned stack pulls were circumvented or could have been. A systematic protocol can be developed before starting a well to define the decision-making process for stack pulls.

Introduction

Current deepwater-rig downtime costs approach USD 1,000,000/D. Pulling a BOP stack, particularly in deep water, is financially significant. This action is necessary most of the time. However, on occasions when the stack pull could be avoided, all parties to this action rightfully question how to take advantage of the unfortunate learning situation. Avoidable stack pulls occur for a variety of reasons, including:

Inadequate information about the situation or equipment

Inadequate staff training

Unclear understanding of regulatory requirements

Unclear understanding of company requirements

Lack of access to experts who could assist in the decision

The full-length paper details a systematic protocol to use before starting a well or during the drilling, if necessary, to help define the decision-making process for stack pulls for a specific program. Once a problem develops, the root cause should be identified, if possible, and necessary steps taken to analyze the situation and decide if drilling can continue safely. Often, this part of the process requires the advice and experience of one or more experienced drilling experts from within or outside the parties directly involved in the drilling operation.

Predrilling Planning

To help ensure a good decision when an abnormal BOP event occurs, preparations should be made before drilling starts. While several items presented here require time to investigate or review, often this process is not engaged because much of the information is considered to be intuitive. However, after drilling begins and because time is expensive (up to USD 700/min or more), the time required to analyze a situation fully is sometimes not allocated. Predrilling planning, as shown in Fig. 1 of the full-length paper, should include the following items.

Assess Staff Training.

Review staff experience and training to determine if additional training before drilling could reduce the risk of downtime. For example, does the subsea engineer need to be educated on the functionality of a revised circuit or control component? Would the subsea engineer benefit from a refresher on the latest variable-bore-ram capabilities and limitations?
Technology Focus: Well Stimulation (June 2009)
Authors: Hager Charles
Published: February 2015

Technology Focus

It is important to put the role of well stimulation into perspective as key to driv-ing production and competing in the world's energy market.

Interesting information can be found in the US DOE Energy Information Agency's report Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970–2005, which is available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/txt/ptb1101.html (accessed 7 April 2009). Oil last peaked as the world's primary energy source in 1973 at just more than 47% of all sources. By 2005, this number had dropped to approximately 34%, although the world's total energy production had nearly doubled over these 32 years. While coal remained fairly steady at 25 to 27% of the world's market share, natural-gas and natural-gas-liquid (NGL) usage increased from 20 to 25%. This suggests that natural gas could surpass oil and coal as the world's primary energy source within the next decade or so, unless low natural-gas prices continue. Renewable-energy sources (e.g., nuclear, hydroelectric, and geothermal) gained an increase in total market share from 7 to nearly 14%, with these sources supplying more than 63 quadrillion Btu to the world in 2005 alone. Natural gas and NGLs had not surpassed this level until 1984, just 21 years earlier. Renewable energy has doubled its market share during a doubling of the market size.

To improve recovery, well-stimulation tests, data, and interpreters need to become valuable commodities on par with the other well costs. Data and analysis provide a basis for improvement. Whether success may come from higher retained conductivity, comparing pre- vs. post-treatment buildup tests, or acquiring bottomhole treating pressures to unmask friction effects, many avenues are available to enable us to compete at the next level. We need to embrace our best practices, strive for new developments, and analyze much more data to perform at the next level.

Without measuring results, we cannot prove the improvements. Although oil may be nearing its end as the world's primary energy source, it is doing great as a source of products. To transition to natural gas as the new energy leader, well stimulations will be a key to keeping the petroleum industry as the world's best provider of clean and cost-effective energy.

Please enjoy reading the following selections representing the future of well stimulations and interesting examples of how we can compete.

Well Stimulation additional reading available at the SPE eLibrary: www.spe.org

SPE 119623 • "Acid Fracturing: The Effect of Formation Strength on Fracture Conductivity" by A.M. Gomaa, SPE, Texas A&M University, et al.

SPE 121483 • "First North Sea Application of Pinpoint-Stimulation Technology To Perform a Rig-Based Acid-Fracture Treatment Through CT" by David Barclay, SPE, Halliburton, et al.

SPE 116775 • "An Innovative Acid-Stimulation Technique for Reviving Dead Wells in the Ghawar Field of Saudi Arabia—A Holistic Approach" by Surajit Haldar, SPE, Saudi Aramco, et al.
Overview: Well Stimulation (July 2002)
Authors: Cipolla Craig L.
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
Stimulating Sand Screen Completions With Coiled Tubing
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 74807, "Stimulating Depleted HP/HT Sand Screen Completions Using Coiled Tubing," by C. Munro, SPE, and R. Allam, SPE, BP plc; M.M. Erbil, SPE, Schlumberger; and D. Law, SPE, BP plc, originally presented at the 2002 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 9-10 April.
Coiled-Tubing Fracturing in the Appalachian Basin
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 72382, "Nitrogen Coiled-Tubing Fracturing in the Appalachian Basin," by J.E. Stidham, SPE, and L.T. Tetrick, SPE, Columbia Natural Resources, and S.A. Glenn, SPE, Schlumberger, originally presented at the 2001 SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Canton, Ohio, 17-19 October.
Multiseam Coal Stimulation by Coiled-Tubing Fracturing
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 72380, "Multiseam Coal Stimulation Using Coiled-Tubing Fracturing and a Unique Bottomhole Packer Assembly," by G. Rodvelt, SPE, Halliburton Energy Services Inc.; R. Toothman, SPE, Consol Energy Inc.; and S. Willis, SPE, and D. Mullins, SPE, Halliburton Energy Services Inc., originally presented at the 2001 SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Canton, Ohio, 17-19 October.
Overview: Multilateral/Extended Reach (July 2002)
Authors: Gilbert Trey
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
Planning Extended Reach Wells for Deep Water
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 74400, "Planning Extended Reach Wells for Deep Water," by J.C. Cunha, SPE, A.L. Martins, SPE, C.H.M. Sa, and P. Dore Fernandes, Petrobras S.A., originally presented at the 2002 SPE International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition in Mexico, Villahermosa, Mexico, 10-12 February.
A New Generation Multilateral System for the Troll Olje Field
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 71837, "A New Generation Multilateral System for the Troll Olje Field: Development and Case History," by Frode Berge, SPE, and Neil Hepburn, SPE, Sperry-Sun Drilling Services; John Bowling, SPE, Halliburton Energy Services; and Tore Gronas, SPE, Norsk Hydro, originally presented at the 2001 SPE Offshore Europe, Aberdeen, 4-7 September.
Multilateral Junction Conductivity
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 71667, "Multilateral Junction Connectivity Discussion and Analysis," by Herve Ohmer, SPE, Mark Brockman, SPE, Mikhail Gotlib, SPE, and Prana Varatharajan, Schlumberger, originally presented at the 2001 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-3 October.
Overview: Health, Safety, and Environment (July 2002)
Authors: McMillen Sara
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
Working With Environmental Regulation - An Australian Experience
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 73986, "Working With Environmental Regulation - An Australian Experience," by K. Heiden, Environment Australia; C. Hinde and C. Lloyd, Australian Dept. of Industry, Science, and Resources; and P. Taylor, Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Assn., originally presented at the 2002 SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Kuala Lumpur, 20-22 March.
One SPE (July 2003)
Authors: Young Andrew A.
Published: February 2015

President's column - No abstract available.
Comments (July 2003)
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: February 2015

Editor's column - No abstract available.
Q&A with Bruce Dingwall
Authors: Dingwall Bruce , Donnelly John
Published: February 2015

Q&A - No abstract available.
Tilt Mapping Shows Complex Fracture Growth in Laterals With Uncemented Liners
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 83503, "Rose Field: Surface Tilt Mapping Shows Complex Fracture Growth in 2,500-ft Laterals Completed With Uncemented Liners," by W.A. Minner, SPE, and J. Du, SPE, Pinnacle Technologies Inc.; B.L. Ganong, SPE, and C.B. Lackey, SPE, EOG Resources Inc.; and S.L. Demetrius and C.A. Wright, SPE, Pinnacle Technologies Inc., prepared for the 2003 SPE Western Regional/AAPG Pacific Section Joint Meeting, Long Beach, California, 19-24 May.
Fate of Mercury in Drilling-Fluid Barite in the Marine Environment
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 80571, "Forms of Mercury in Drilling-Fluid Barite and Their Fate in the Marine Environment: A Review and Synthesis," by J.H. Trefry, Florida Inst. of Technology, and J.P. Smith, SPE, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co., prepared for the 2003 SPE/EPA/DOE Exploration and Production Environmental Conference, San Antonio, Texas, 10-12 March.
Comments (July 2004)
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: February 2015

Editor's column - No abstract available.
Shared Vision (July 2005)
Authors: Paccaloni Giovanni
Published: February 2015

Attendance is up at SPE-sponsored meetings.

One obvious reason for the higher attendance is the health of our industry resulting from strong oil prices. Professionals in our industry recognize that meetings are a very efficient way to find technology solutions to meet the increasing global demand for energy and to network with E&P leaders. But there is a proliferation of E&P-related meetings to choose from, so the smart energy professional is selective about which to attend.

SPE sponsors a wide range of conferences, workshops and Forums that must compete with commercially organized meetings. We have to prove that there is a real return on the time you invest in our meetings. Here are a number of reasons I believe that SPE meetings offer the best value for you.

- SPE's member-driven planning process ensures that our meetings present focused and relevant topics. We have an incredible advantage because the industry trusts SPE to sponsor well-organized, content-rich events. Our members take pride in putting together timely, interactive programs that other members will want to attend. They find hot topics, review and select technical papers, recruit panelists and speakers, and facilitate sessions. Volunteers make our meetings happen for the good of the industry. Our Forum Series is a good example of how we develop the best possible programs. We have three committee processes ongoing simultaneously for the Forums: a committee is performing a review of the last series, while steering committees are running the Forums for this year and other committees are planning topics for the upcoming year. Our approach is quite different from commercial meetings, which tend to feature well-known speakers but lack the depth of preparation that our volunteers ensure.

- The wealth of peer-selected technical papers presented at SPE conferences contributes to the long-term health of the industry. Although other meeting organizers may permit PowerPoint presentations or abstracts, we continue to require technical papers at our meetings because they have a life well beyond the number who actually attend the conference. It is this commitment to technical excellence that has given us the SPE eLibrary. With more than 40,000 papers, the eLibrary is the only comprehensive repository of the best technology available in the E&P environment. About 1,700 technical papers are added to SPE’s eLibrary each year, and become valuable resources that can be accessed for years to come by anyone, from anywhere in the world. We are highly selective in our program-selection process—for our upcoming annual meeting, for example, we selected about 400 papers from over 1,200 submissions. I tell students and young professionals that the best thing they can do to become an expert in their field is to study a paper each day from our eLibrary.