bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, Treatment and Future Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence and Neuronal Diseases.
Authors: Sara Raouf  , Diar Raouf  , Lana Raouf  , Alemdar Eda
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the role of Artificial Intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of neuronal diseases and future perspectives on the subject. Neuronal diseases involve complex pathophysiological processes that affect the central and peripheral nervous systems and can cause permanent damage to the cognitive, motor and sensory functions of individuals. Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by degeneration of nerve cells, neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances. Early diagnosis of neuronal diseases is of critical importance in slowing down the progression of the disease, controlling symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients. However, one of the biggest challenges in the diagnosis of these diseases is that symptoms usually appear in the advanced stages of the disease process. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI)-supported technologies have made great progress in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Artificial intelligence can analyze biomarkers in blood, cerebrospinal fluid or saliva to detect the disease in its early stages. By processing this data with deep learning techniques, artificial intelligence can detect disease symptoms at early stages and support personalized diagnosis and treatment processes. Electrophysiological data analysis also plays an important role in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Artificial intelligence algorithms can detect abnormal brain activities by processing EEG (electroencephalography) and MEG (magnetoencephalography) data. For example, in epilepsy patients, seizures can be predicted before they start using machine learning, while in dementia patients, changes in brain waves can be detected at an early stage. Artificial intelligence can learn how disease symptoms change in different individuals by analyzing a lot of patient data from around the world. While this process allows machine learning models to make more precise and reliable diagnoses, systems developed on the basis of Dr. Roman Poznanski's DOT (Dynamic Optimization of Thought) theory offer a new method in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Artificial intelligence has become an effective tool in slowing down the progression of neurological diseases by optimizing patients' individualized treatment plans. In the future, it will be possible to develop more integrated and dynamic solutions for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of neurological diseases thanks to DOT theory and conscious artificial intelligence models. These systems will analyze brain functions not only through biological data but also in the context of energy flows and information processing processes, providing personalized, optimized and preventive approaches.
Integrating participatory action research and photovoice as mixed methods: Synergies, tensions, and implications for social work
Authors: Nguyen Quan , Ngo Hieu
Published: February 2025

This article examines the integration of two qualitative research methodologies, namely Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Photovoice (PV), to explore their synergies, tensions, and implications for social work. While both methodologies are rooted in participatory, subjectivist-objectivist, and transformative-emancipatory frameworks, they differ in their objectives, methods, and levels of participant involvement. PAR focuses on challenging power structures and promoting systemic change through collaborative community actions.  PV prioritizes the use of visual narratives to influence policy and public opinion. Methodologically, PAR follows iterative cycles of action and reflection led by community members, while PV emphasizes individual storytelling. Integrating these approaches thoughtfully can leverage their strengths to foster both individual and collective transformation.
Sex is a taboo but sexual violence is common: An exploratory study of sexual violence among domestic violence shelter residents in Pakistan
Authors: Walsh Christine , Hassan Naqvi Raazia , Ibrar Muhammed
Published: February 2025

Violence against women (VAW), a serious social issue globally, is prevalent in Pakistan, with an estimated prevalence rate between 60% to 80%. This original study adopted an exploratory qualitative approach to examine women’s experiences of VAW and their need for services. Fifty-seven women, who had returned to shelter homes after unsuccessful attempts at family re-integration in Punjab, Pakistan, completed in-depth qualitative interviews. Among the types of violence experienced, unprompted five shelter residents identified a range of sexual violence (SV) experiences including unwanted sexual advances, sexual assaults, rape, and forced prostitution. This disclosure is noteworthy as sex is considered a taboo topic in Pakistani society; it is not openly discussed, even among family members and sexual abuse and sexual crimes are not readily acknowledged or recognized as a part of Pakistani culture. Further, little research on this phenomenon has been conducted in Pakistan. This study employed a secondary qualitative data method to examine the experiences of SV among returned shelter residents. SV was perpetrated primarily by male spouses, other men in the women’s family of origin and their family of marriage, as well as by male employers and by a stepmother (e.g. forced prostitution). Findings of the study agree with other literature highlighting that, among other risk factors, women and girls who are married at an early age are subjected to increased rates of SV. SV needs to be studied more extensively in Pakistan to understand the issue more fully and to develop measures aimed at its prevention and intervention.
Does External Pressure Impact Profitability? Evidence from the Nifty 500 Index of India
Authors:   1 Research Scholar, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India, 753003  2 Assistant Professor, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India, 753003, Behera Abinash Kumar
Published: February 2025

Pressure is one of the factors of fraud theory. To survive in the long run, business should be profitable. Earning profit is the primary goal of all business. This study aims to explore the effect of external pressure on the profitability of India's nifty 500 index companies. Annual financial data of 249 companies collected from the ProwessIQ database. Regression and correlation analysis was conducted using panel data from 2016 to 2024. The result shows companies with higher debt-to-equity ratios have lower profitability, potentially due to financial pressure or dishonest accounting practices. Leverage has a minimal negative effect on return on assets. Liquidity has mixed impacts on profitability, with higher liquidity potentially causing financial pressure and suspect cases of earnings manipulation. Profitability is affected by external pressure; however, its effects are dependent upon the financial factor under consideration. Understanding the link between external pressure and profitability aids corporate managers, investors, and regulators in identifying early signs of financial distress and fraudulent behaviour. Addressing external pressures proactively can enhance transparency and investor confidence. This research contributes to fraud literature by empirically testing the influence of external pressures on financial performance in an emerging market context.

Keywords: Pressure, Profitability, Leverage, Liquidity, Fraud Theory
Predicting Real Estate Prices Using Deep Learning and Regression Techniques
Authors:   Dept. Computer Engineering  JSPM’s JSCOE Pune, India, Mujawar Arbaaz I.
Published: February 2025

The real estate market is highly dynamic, influenced by a variety of factors such as location, property features, economic conditions, and market trends. Predicting real estate prices accurately is a challenging yet crucial task for buyers, sellers, and investors. In this study, we explore the use of deep learning and regression techniques to predict real estate prices. Deep learning models, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are leveraged to capture complex patterns and relationships within large datasets. In addition, traditional regression techniques, including linear regression and decision trees, are used for comparison to understand their effectiveness in predicting property values. The study demonstrates that combining deep learning methods with regression approaches can enhance prediction accuracy, offering valuable insights for stakeholders in the real estate market.

Key Words: Real Estate Prices, Deep Learning, Regression Techniques, Artificial Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, Property Value Prediction, Machine Learning, Predictive Modelling, Real Estate Market Analysis
Transforming India's Egg Export Industry: Leveraging Blockchain and Centralized Certification for Growth
Authors: V RAHUL KRISHNAN
Published: February 2025

India's egg industry, valued at ₹120 billion ($1.5 billion), produces approximately 120 billion eggs annually but exports only 2% of its output due to inefficiencies in certification, traceability, and supply chain management. This study evaluates the transformative potential of integrating blockchain technology and centralized certification processes, exemplified by the EggXport Hub initiative, to address these challenges. By leveraging digital tools, India can tap into the $100 billion global egg market, particularly in high-demand regions such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and East Asia. The study investigates the sector-specific dynamics affecting smallholder farmers, who constitute 80% of egg producers, and face significant post-harvest wastage and prohibitive certification costs. The research problem focuses on systemic inefficiencies, including high wastage, complex certification processes, limited traceability systems, and fragmented supply chains. The findings highlight the potential to unlock ₹2 billion in annual savings, increase farmer incomes by 20-25%, and scale egg exports to 5-7% of total production, generating $500 million in annual revenue. This research provides actionable insights for policymakers and a replicable model for other agricultural sectors facing similar challenges.
The Intersection of Fintech and Sustainability (Finease): Market Trends, Risks, and Oppurtunities
Authors: Prasanth T Parani
Published: February 2025

FinTech innovations have reshaped the financial sector, enabling greater security, accessibility, and efficiency. The integration of advanced technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data analytics has revolutionized financial services, improving operational efficiency and fostering financial inclusion. These innovations provide secure, seamless, and real-time transactions, reducing dependency on traditional banking systems while promoting a more customer-centric approach.

This paper examines the role of FinTech in promoting sustainable finance through digital financial solutions, regulatory compliance, and enhanced security. The emergence of digital lending platforms, robo-advisors, decentralized finance (DeFi), and digital payment systems has transformed how individuals and businesses interact with financial services. By leveraging automation and data-driven decision-making, FinTech facilitates transparent and cost-effective financial services, addressing inefficiencies in traditional models.

Furthermore, the study explores market trends, risk management strategies, and future developments in the FinTech industry, providing insights into the evolution of financial technologies and their implications for sustainability. With increasing        regulatory                            scrutiny, cybersecurity concerns, and the growing

need for responsible investing, the intersection of FinTech and sustainable finance has become crucial. This paper highlights how FinTech fosters green finance initiatives, enhances ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investments, and contributes to a more resilient and inclusive financial ecosystem.

Keywords: FinTech, Sustainable Finance, Digital Financial Solutions, Regulatory Compliance, Financial Security, Market Trends, Risk Management, Blockchain, AI.
CALPASTATIN GENE POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS (CAST) IN SHEEP OF SOUTHERN MEAT BREED
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry – Academician L. K. Ernst VIZ, Anastasia D. Anastasia D. , Deniskova Tatyana E. ,   Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry – Academician L. K. Ernst VIZ
Published: February 2025

The aim of the work is to study the polymorphism of the calpastatin gene (CAST), which determines the feature of the manifesta-tion of productive and biological characteristics in sheep of the Southern Meat breed including rams (n=80), young rams (n=23) and ewes (n=51). DNA from the biological material of sheep was isolated using a commercial DNA-Extran-2 kit (Syntol LLC, Russia) according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. The equipment of the Center for Biological Resources and Bioengineer-ing of Agricultural Animals (L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry) was used in this research. The CAST gene polymorphism analysis was conducted based on the PCR-RFLP method. PCR amplification was performed on an Applied Biosys-tems SimpliAmp thermal cycler (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Inc., USA). Restriction was performed using MspI restriction endonucle-ase (SibEnzyme LLC) in a thermostat at 37°C. Separation of the restricted fragments was performed in a 2% agarose gel stained with dimidium bromide. The polymorphism of the CAST gene is represented by alleles M and N, the frequency of which were 0.92 and 0.08. The desired NN genotype was found only in a group of rams from gene pool herd (2.5%). An assessment of the genetic structure of the studied livestock showed that among the studied animals, sheep with the CASTMM genotype are most common (83.8% on average, from 78.43% in ewes to 87.5% in rams), the CASTMN and CASTNN genotypes account for 15% (from 10% in rams to 21.56% in ewes) and 1.29% on average per sample, respectively. In this study, we identified the presence of polymor-phism in the CAST gene in Southern Meat breed for the first time that creates the prerequisites for the introduction of this DNA marker into breeding work with the Southern Meat sheep breed.
DYNAMICS OF BLOOD INDICATORS OF COWS WHEN USING FEED ADDITIVE OPTIGEN
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Petukhova Elizaveta I.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to determine the blood parameters of highly productive cows when using the feed additive Optigen. The experiment was carried out at the dairy complex of JSC «Niva» of the Stavropol district of the Samara region. To conduct the research, 4 groups of animals were formed from among highly productive cows (con-trol, experimental-1, experimental-2, experimental-3) with 10 heads each. In addition to the main diet experimental groups of cows received a protected nitrogen-containing feed additive Optigen in doses during the dry period: experimental-1 – 90 g, experimental-2 – 100 g, experimental-3 – 120 g, animals of the control group did not receive a feed additive. Blood samples were taken from all 40 animals before the start of the research on the day of drying off,
3-4 days before parturition. It was found that in the blood of animals receiving the Optigen feed additive in a dose of 100 g in the structure of the main diet, the number of formed blood elements (erythrocytes, platelets) increases (with-in reference values) and the following biochemical parameters increase: calcium, inorganic phosphorus, carotene, total protein, alkaline reserve, glucose, alpha and gamma globulins with a decrease in the level of beta globulins, compared with the blood parameters of animals of the control and first experimental groups who received the Optigen feed additive in a dose of 90 g as a part of the main diet. The difference between the blood parameters of the animals of the studied groups that received the Optigen feed additive in a dose of 100 and 120 g as part of the main diet is insignificant. A positive effect on the morpho-biochemical parameters of blood is provided by optimizing rumen me-tabolism and the constancy of nitrogen concentration in the rumen.
FEATURES OF THE EFFECT OF HAYLAGE WITH THE BIOCONSERVANT «GREENGRASS 3×3» ON THE PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF COWS DEPENDING ON THEIR FATNESS
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Mironov Nikolay A. , Karamaev Sergey V. ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research is to improve the productive qualities of imported cattle of Holstein and Ayrshire breeds by introducing alfalfa haylage with the bioconservant «GreenGrass 3x3» into the diet. The research material is alfalfa haylage prepared using the «GreenGrass 3×3» bioconservant. Due to the fact that animals have different degrees of fatness before the first calving, the task of research is to determine the characteristics of the effect of haylage with a bioconservant on their body. It was found that when feeding the first-heifer cows of experimental haylage groups with a bioconservant, the fertilization rate from the first insemination increased by 26.7-33.4% with the fatness of animals to 3.0 points, by 16.7-35.0% with the fatness of 3.0-4.0 points, by 16.7-35.0% with the fatness above 4.0 points. The duration of the service period decreased, respectively, by 14.0-22.0, 9.9-19.0 and 9.9-20.6%. In addition, in cows that received experimental samples of haylage with a bioconservant, milk yields for 305 days of lactation increased: with fatness below 3.0 points, the Holstein breed increased by 6.6%, the Ayrshire breed by 5.7%, with fatness
3.0-4.0 points, respectively, by 7.3 and 6.7%, with fatness higher 4.0 points – by 5.1 and 4.7%. In animals with opti-mal fatness, within 3.0-4.0 points, milk yields for 305 days of lactation increased in the Holstein breed by 21.3-50.4%, Ayrshire – by 26.3-50.6%, milk yields per day of lactation, respectively, by 7.1-50.0 and 20.7-25.0%. Among the dis-advantages of using haylage with a bioconservant, it should be noted an uneven increase in live weight and milk yield of cows, which leads to an increase in the milk content index, which means an increase in the physiological load on the animal body.
Implementing zero-trust architecture and quantifying the impact on system reliability and data protection in big data cloud infrastructures
Authors: Peruma Arun Pandiyan , Ahire Viralkumar
Published: February 2025

The exponential growth of big data and the increasing complexity of cloud infrastructures have heightened the demand for robust security frameworks. This study presents the implementation process and analyzes the effect of zero-trust architecture (ZTA) on system reliability and data protection in big-data cloud environments. The methodology involves a comprehensive research approach, encompassing a review of existing research papers and the execution of a narrative review and content analysis to identify critical issues related to ZTA, system reliability, and data protection. The findings indicate that ZTA, with its robust access control mechanisms, can enhance data protection in a practical and tangible manner, thereby contributing to the enhancement of operational efficiency. This implies that organizations that embrace ZTA can fortify their data protection strategies and experience substantial real-world improvements in system reliability. A continuous monitoring system aids in the detection of anomalies and maintenance records, leading to reduced downtimes and improved system reliability. This study underscores the crucial role of strategic planning, resource management, and awareness training in the seamless integration of ZTA into organizational functionality for superior outcomes.
Development of mathematics teaching material based on numeracy for blended learning
Authors: Hapizah Hapizah , Mulyono Budi , Susanti Ely , Situmorang Gresilia , Safitra M. David , Nuradinda Amieyah , Ismail Norulhuda
Published: February 2025

Technology-assisted learning positively improves students' abilities, one of which is blended learning, which combines synchronous learning and asynchronous learning. The article discusses research that aims to produce numeration-based mathematics teaching materials for blended learning that are valid, practical, and potentially affect students' numeracy skills in class VII. This research is development research with preliminary and formative evaluation stages. The subjects in this study were 30 students of class VII E, at one of the Public Middle Schools in Palembang City. Data was collected through questionnaires, tests, and interviews. The results of the study stated that the numeration-based mathematics teaching materials for blended learning were in the valid category with a score of 85 and in the practical category with a score of 92 and had a potential effect on the numeracy abilities of class VII students with an average score of 77 in the good category. In addition, the results of this study indicate that students' responses to teaching materials are in a good category.
The effect of cooperative learning model on cooperation and learning outcomes of futsal playing skills
Authors: Shalihah Nabilah Yaafi'ah , Prakoso Bayu Budi , Juniarisca Dwi Lorry , Indriarsa Nanang , Estrella Erwin O.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine the effect of the TGT-type cooperative learning model on students' cooperation and learning outcomes and the relationship between cooperation and students' learning outcomes in playing futsal. This pre-experiment research used One group Pretest-Post-test Design. 29 class X students (16 males and 13 females) were sampled to fill out a cooperation questionnaire and were observed using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) while playing futsal. Descriptive statistical test, normality test, Paired Sample T-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and Product Moment correlation test. The results showed that the value of cooperation increased significantly (t = 5.399, p = 0.000) from the pretest of 147.72 to 156.97 at the post-test, an increase of 6.3%. The value of GPAI increased significantly (Z = -3.375, p = 0.001) from the pretest of 1.362 to 1.458 the post-test increasing by 7.05%. There was no relationship between cooperation and GPAI (r = -0.048, p = 0.804). It is concluded that the TGT-type cooperative learning model can improve students' cooperation and game performance during futsal learning. Cooperation in general does not contribute to learners' performance when playing futsal. The variable of tactical awareness in playing futsal may need to be investigated to determine the adequate cooperation model needed in the game of futsal.
Student sensitivity in reading business opportunities during the pandemic
Authors: Husin Azizah , Nurfebrianti Nurfebrianti
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the sensitivity of students in reading business opportunities during the pandemic (study of students from the community education study program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sriwijaya University). This type of research is descriptive with a quantitative approach. Data collection methods used are questionnaires and literature study. The sample of this research is 72 people with a sampling technique that is stratified random sampling. This is evident from seeking information sources, taking advantage of the surrounding environment, interacting with friends, and recognizing business opportunities to determine entrepreneurial readiness. The results showed that students' sensitivity to reading business opportunities during the pandemic was very high. The form of student sensitivity in reading business opportunities based on the attention indicator is classified as very high with a percentage of 84,51%, interest is classified as very high with a percentage of 83.5%, peer environment is classified as high with a percentage of 76.24%, and readiness is classified as very high with a percentage of 82,07%.
Strafrechtelijke inbeslagname bij de medisch verschoningsgerechtigde
Authors: Kastelein W.R.
Published: February 2025

Strafrechtelijke inbeslagname bij de medisch verschoningsgerechtigde

Uit de jurisprudentie over strafrechtelijke inbeslagname van medische gegevens bij de medisch verschoningsgerechtigde blijkt dat de Hoge Raad het criterium van de zeer uitzonderlijke omstandigheden, dat rechtvaardigt dat het beroepsgeheim wordt doorbroken, zowel bij de verdachte verschoningsgerechtigde als bij de niet verdachte verschoningsgerechtigde ruim toepast.Van een uitzonderingssituatie is in feite geen sprake meer. In die gevallen waarin de (afgeleid) verschoningsgerechtigde geen verdachte is van een strafbaar feit, ten onrechte. De Hoge Raad dient terug te keren naar zijn jurisprudentie waarin hij het standpunt van de verschoningsgerechtigde dat kennisneming van de gegevens zonder zijn toestemming zou leiden tot schending van het beroepsgeheim respecteert, tenzij er redelijkerwijs geen twijfel over kan bestaan dat het standpunt onjuist is.
De deelgeschilprocedure in de praktijk
Authors: de Ridder M.J.J.
Published: February 2025

De deelgeschilprocedure in de praktijk

Op 1 juli 2010 is de Wet deelgeschillen in werking getreden. Over de meest uiteenlopende onderwerpen zijn er sindsdien uitspraken gewezen. Doel van de deelgeschilprocedure is dat het partijen dichter bij een vaststellingsovereenkomst brengt. De rechter toetst daarbij of het wel efficiënt is om een beslissing in het deelgeschil te nemen. Dat is niet het geval als de zaak complex of tijdrovend is en/of er niet voldoende vooruitzicht bestaat dat de uitspraak bijdraagt aan een buitengerechtelijke regeling. De kosten verbonden aan het deelgeschil zijn buitengerechtelijke kosten en het verschilt sterk welke vergoeding de rechter in een concreet geval toekent.
Wetsvoorstel voorwaarden voor winstuitkering aanbieders medisch-specialistische zorg
Authors: Plomp E.
Published: February 2025

Wetsvoorstel voorwaarden voor winstuitkering aanbieders medisch-specialistische zorg

Na jarenlange debatten over dit onderwerp heeft de Minister van VWS op 9 februari 2012 een wetsvoorstel ingediend dat winstuitkering door aanbieders van medisch-specialistische zorg onder voorwaarden mogelijk maakt. In dit artikel worden enkele kritische kanttekeningen geplaatst bij de gestelde voorwaarden en wordt uiteengezet welke aspecten nadere regulering behoeven. Geconcludeerd wordt dat met name de normatieve aspecten van winstuitkering en de publieke belangen die het wetsvoorstel beoogt te dienen verder zouden moeten worden uitgewerkt en dat een meer gedifferentieerde regeling de voorkeur zou verdienen.
Mededingingstoezicht op maatschappen van zorgaanbieders: welke rol is weggelegd voor ACM respectievelijk NZa?
Authors: Loozen E.M.H.
Published: February 2025

Mededingingstoezicht op maatschappen van zorgaanbieders: welke rol is weggelegd voor ACM respectievelijk NZa?

Zorgaanbieders werken vaak samen in maatschapsverband. Dit artikel positioneert de maatschap binnen het Nederlandse algemene en zorgspecifieke mededingingsrecht. Eerst wordt onderzocht of fusies tussen maatschappen van vrijgevestigde medisch specialisten van verschillende ziekenhuizen onder het concentratietoezicht dan wel het kartelverbod uit de Mededingingswet moeten worden beoordeeld. Daarna wordt onderzocht wat en wanneer op grond van artikel 48 en 45 Wet marktordening gezondheidszorg tegen maatschappen kan worden ondernomen. Hierbij wordt tevens ingegaan op de ACM-lijn maatschappen en ziekenhuizen alsmede het NZa-besluit in Thuisapotheek – Huisartsenpraktijk Prinsenbeek.
Naasten, fundamentele rechten en het Nederlandse limitatief en exclusief werkende artikel 6:108 BW: één probleem, twee perspectieven
Authors: Emaus J.M. , Rijnhout R.
Published: February 2025

Naasten, fundamentele rechten en het Nederlandse limitatief en exclusief werkende artikel 6:108 BW: één probleem, twee perspectieven

Het recht onder het EVRM, zoals zich dat vormt in de rechtspraak van het EHRM, leidt tot inconsistenties in het Nederlandse schadevergoedingsrecht: een naaste van een persoon die slachtoffer is geworden van een schending van het recht op leven kan tegenwoordig immers alleen vergoeding van eigen immateriële schade vorderen als de schending is gepleegd door een overheidsorgaan. Deze inconsistentie verdient aandacht, maar men realisere zich dat we hier raken aan bredere problematiek. Wij menen daarom dat er in de discussie over de inconsistentie eerst aandacht moet zijn voor de bredere vragen: hoe werken fundamentele rechten door en welke derde verdient waarvan vergoeding? Centraal staan daarbij steeds de overkoepelende kernvragen: wie verdient rechtens een remedie en waarom?
‘Civiel totalitarisme’, volkssoevereiniteit en de wenselijkheid van beperkt bestuur
Authors: ten Napel Hans-Martien
Published: February 2025

‘Civic totalism’, popular sovereignty and the desirability of limited government

To what extent does liberal democracy still manage to realize the principle of expressive liberty? This article argues that, just as by the ethically monistic character of certain theoretizations of Confucian democracy, expressive liberty is threatened by a Western ‘civic totalism’ that insists that ‘politics enjoys general authority over subordinate activities and institutions because it aims at the highest and most comprehensive good for human beings’ (Galston). The ideal of liberal democracy will remain fundamentally flawed, as long as the sovereignty of the people on which its political legitimacy is more and more exclusively based hinders instead of advances a true sort of value pluralism.
Religieuze instellingen en de participatiesamenleving
Authors: Buitendijk Gert-Jan , Hübenthal Christoph , Wijsen Frans , Vorthoren Marianne , Sengers Erik
Published: February 2025

Religious organizations in a ‘participation society’

The Dutch policy of the ‘Participation Society’ intends to return many societal responsibilities to civil society. As religious organizations traditionally had undertaken that task, an increase in their participation is expected. However, the separation of state and religion often proves an obstacle. Also, there is quite some scepticism among religious organization regarding the role that a state should have in its caring duties. This contribution contains several insightful and critical articles on this subject: the introduction is by Gert-Jan Buitendijk, director-general with the Ministry of Interior, who is involved in the policy-making process of the Participation Society policy, followed by brief reflections by two scholars of religion and theology, and two representatives of the Islamic and Catholic communities. These contributions were the outcome of a lustrum symposium organized by the Journal for Religion, Law and Policy in november 2015, where academics, policy makers and representatives of religious organizations discussed the effects of the ‘Participation Society’ policies and laws in the Netherlands.
Veiligheid, Onderzoek en Openbaarheid: over angstreductie, politieke gevoeligheden en doofpotten
Authors: Terpstra Jan
Published: February 2025

Editorial

In an editorial article the editors supply a commentary on the topics covered in the journal.
Terroristische netwerken en intelligence: een sociale netwerkanalyse van de Hofstadgroep
Authors: van der Hulst Renée C.
Published: February 2025

Terrorist networks and intelligence: A Social Network Analysis of the Hofstad network

Radicalization and terrorism remain areas of special interest in terms of security policies. It’s common knowledge that most of the activities related to radicalization and terrorism heavily rely on the involvement of multiple actors. Therefore, an increased understanding of the underlying social structures is considered to offer important leads for the development of effective countermeasures (in particular when related to demographic, cultural, psychological and other social factors). Yet, the number of empirical network studies in this domain (at least those openly available) that incorporate arithmetic tools known as Social Network Analysis (SNA) remain extremely scarce. In this paper the author presents an exploratory Social Network Analysis of the Hofstad network based on publicly available data. Members of the Hofstad network, a radical Islamist network in the Netherlands, were active recruiters for the violent jihad, spreaded radical propaganda, some attended training camps in Pakistan, and the network was suspected of planning several terrorist attacks on strategic objects and prominent people in the Netherlands. One of the members, Mohammed B., was sentenced to life in prison for murdering the Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh in November 2004. Although the Hofstad network was considered by trial as a terrorist organization in the first instance in 2006, the judgment was reversed on appeal in 2008 when most members were acquitted. As is characteristic of home-grown networks, our analysis indicated that the Hofstad network (N=67) was relatively sparse and decentralized and evolved around a more cohesive core of key players (N=13). The key players were identified based on their central network position and a hierarchical clique analysis. Mohammed B., who had been considered a marginal player by the secret service, turns out to be the most central actor of the network. Although the analysis clearly suggests that quantifying network structures provides actionable intelligence, more research is needed to validate the results.
Telefoontaps als netwerkdata?
Authors: Verhoeven Willem-Jan
Published: February 2025

Wiretaps as network data? The possibilities and limitations of using wiretaps for SNA on organized crime

The literature on using Social Network Analysis (SNA) in criminological research is expanding. The SNA perspective already changed the way we look at organized crime. More often organized crime is referred to as changeable social networks instead of hierarchical structured organizations like the Italian or American mafia. In this respect, SNA seems to lack behind in empirical research on organized crime. Mainly, this is due to the lack of suitable network data on organized crime. For obvious reasons, commonly used methods of gathering network data – such as questionnaires – are less suitable for research on organized crime. Suspects of organized crime have not much to gain from talking about their ‘comrades in crime’. Alternative data need to be explored. Wiretaps from criminal investigations are one such source. In this contribution the SNA perspective is used to present an overview of the possibilities and limitations of using wiretaps for SNA. It follows that wiretaps from criminal investigations should be regarded as ego-centered network data. Therefore, research questions and objective for both criminal investigations as well as scientific research should be directed to the personal networks of suspects instead of the network as a whole.
Sociale netwerkanalyse en jeugdcriminaliteit: een overzicht
Authors: Weerman Frank
Published: February 2025

Social Network Analysis and juvenile delinquency: a review

In this paper, recent social network research in the area of juvenile delinquency is reviewed. Two main subjects are distinguished: first, studies in which Social Network Analysis is used to enhance our insights into the relation between delinquent peers and own delinquent behavior; second, the use of Social Network Analysis to get a better picture of delinquent groups and youth gangs. Two examples of social network analyses in the field of juvenile delinquency are elaborated. These examples combine visual depiction of networks with quantitative analyses of network characteristics, illustrating the complementary nature of both approaches. The literature and the examples show that Social Network Analysis lead to a more nuanced and complex insight into the role of delinquent peers in delinquent behavior and the structure of groups of young offenders.
Burgers over beveiligers
Authors: van Steden Ronald , Roelofs Maddy , Nalla Mahesh
Published: February 2025

Citizens’ opinions about private security guards. A quantitative study on perceptions, expectations and satisfaction levels

The employment of private security guards has increased in many European countries in recent decades and the Netherlands is no exception. However, despite large increases in the growth of the private security industry, little is known about how the public perceives agents of private policing and their role in crime prevention and enhancing the public’s sense of safety. In this paper we examine public perceptions of private security personnel. More specifically, we examine citizens’ perceptions and expectations toward the nature of security guards’ work and their relationships with public police, as well as citizens’ level of satisfaction with private security services. Findings suggest that overall Dutch citizens have mixed opinions of security guards. Nonetheless, contrary to what is often assumed about the public image of private security, findings also suggest that respondents are sometimes surprisingly positive in their reactions.
Veiligheidsbeleid: onderbouwd en effectief?
Authors: van der Knaap Peter
Published: February 2025

Safety policy: evidence-based and effective? The value of policy theories for the development and evaluation of public policy programmes

How can the use of policy theories help to improve the development and evaluation of public policy. This question is central to this contribution. In order to answer this question, an overview is made of the development of the concept policy theory and its application in The Netherlands. More specifically, the relation between the rational approach of using policy theories and the quest for evidence-based policy is made. In addition, the possibilities and risks of theory-based evaluation ex post are explored. An important issue in both policy development and policy evaluation is the quality of policy information: which evidence counts? What quality criteria should be in place? On the basis of recent research by the Netherlands Court of Audit, an assessment is made of the actual quality of the ex ante evidence-based nature and the ex post effectiveness of safety policy in The Netherlands. The article presents conclusions and perspectives on how a more theoretical underpinning of policy programmes and a good use of theory-based evaluations may contribute to public policies that are not only effective, but that are also more open to policy-oriented learning.
Gemeenschap als bron van positieve veiligheid
Authors: van Steden Ronald , van Vliet Marieke , Salman Ton , Boutellier Hans
Published: February 2025

Community as a source of positive security. A conceptual exploration and implications for further research

This article explores the links between the concepts of security and community, questioning the conventional use and meaning of both. To begin with, it addresses the taken-for-grantedness of the thought that communities foster feelings of security, and that contemporary processes of migration, intensified worldwide communication, and ‘heterogeneization’ of habitats stimulate feelings of insecurity and nostalgia for ‘old-fashioned’ tight kinship. Subsequently, it criticizes the too lop-sided focus on insecurity in current debates, and asks attention for – community-based – positive feelings of security. In the next paragraphs, however, the problematic aspects of the idea of ‘community’ are discussed: its inadequacy in capturing current individualized ways-of-life, its exclusionary tendencies, its potentially exaggerated focus on social control, and its rejection of, and fear for, the outside world. Therefore, we assess the possibility to construe (‘strong’) community qualities in a situation of multiple, overlapping and porous populations of varied identity-relevance within overarching institutional arrangements of rule of law and of shared codes of conduct (as ‘weak’ ties). Finally, the argument is translated in suggestions for empirical research to be able to determine the fecundity of the ideas presented.
Gekocht, maar niet gekregen
Authors: van Wilsem Johan
Published: February 2025

‘Bought it, but never got it.’ An empirical examination of online fraud victimization

Consumer fraud seems to be widespread, yet little research is devoted to understanding why certain social groups are more vulnerable to this type of victimization than others. The present paper deals with internet consumer fraud victimization, and uses an explanatory model that combines insights from self control theory and routine activity theory. The results from large-scale victimization survey data among the Dutch general population (N=6,201) reveal that people with low self-control run substantially higher victimization risk, as well as people performing ‘risky’ routine activities, such as online shopping and participation in online forums. Though a minority share of the self-control-victimization link is indirect – because people with low self-control are more involved in risk-enhancing routine activities – a large direct effect on internet fraud victimization remains. This suggests that, within similar situations, people with poor impulse control respond differently to deceptive online commercial offers.
Veiligheid in veelvoud: beeld, beleid en realiteit in Rotterdams Oude Westen
Authors: de Leeuw Tom , van Swaaningen René
Published: February 2025

Plural safety: image, policy and reality in Rotterdam’s Old West

In this article we want to show how different actors (amongst whom residents, professional safety-functionaries and street youth) view the safety situation in Rotterdam’s problematic neighbourhood ‘the Old West’ in very different ways and start from very different parameters. We conclude that the one-dimensional image of an unsafe neighbourhood that emerges from the city’s official, quantitative measurement instrument, the so-called ‘Safety Index’ (Veiligheidsindex), does not do justice to the diversity of opinions and visions of the different actors in the neighbourhood and is thus unsuited as the political ‘compass’ for local safety policy it was intended for. This diversity comes much better to the surface in the qualitative, ethnographic research on which this article is based. Such research enables us first to better understand safety as a local phenomenon and secondly offers more concrete points of departure for policy.
De problematiek van sfeervervaging bij de bestuurlijk-strafrechtelijke aanpak van mensenhandel in de legale prostitutiesector
Authors: Holvast Nina , van der Meij Patrick
Published: February 2025

The blurring of spheres between a criminal law and an administrative approach against human trafficking in the Dutch prostitution sector

Since the legalization of the prostitution sector, not only has the combating of human trafficking through criminal law been substantially fortified, but also the administrative approach to human trafficking in that sector. This integral approach of human trafficking, in which administrative and criminal law measures complement each other, is necessary to combat this harrowing type of crime. The criminal law-administrative approach offers good footholds for a more forceful reaction to human trafficking. Besides the preventive effect administrative measures can have as a complement to criminal law, administrative supervision can also be useful to obtain criminal law information. However, that brings several new dilemmas with it that are connected to the phenomenon of the blurring of spheres. Under certain circumstances, the blurring of spheres between a criminal law and an administrative approach can lead to an improper use of competencies. We conclude that in the manner in which the prostitution sector is currently supervised, the legal protection of the citizen against actions of the supervisor is inadequately guaranteed. That does not mean that information that is obtained through administrative supervision may no longer be used in criminal cases. It is to be recommended however that several changes be made to current practice, which may prevent the improper use of supervisory competencies in prostitution controls.
Jazzy structures
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: February 2025

Jazzy structures. A final reflection on the future of security

The author provides a discussion of the articles in this issue of the Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid (Journal on Security) on the occasion of its tenth anniversary. He notes that there is an increasing hybridising, subjectification and fragmentation in the security area. The increasing interweaving of security politics seems to apply least to a common approach in ‘social security and physical safety issues’ (crime control and disaster and crisis management), while exactly this was aimed for in so-called integral security politics. According to the author that is the case because of ‘the moral pin’, which plays a dominant role in crime, but not in safety issues. The entanglement of forms of security identified by the author has a normative basis – it comes from the social order of an increasingly complex society. For the future an ever greater responsibilisation can be expected, in which the perception of security becomes even more important than it is now already. Not a big orchestrated security policy, but jazzy structures will then determine the prospects.
Agenten volgen via Twitter bevordert positieve beeldvorming, stimuleert de meldingsbereidheid en verandert de veiligheidsbeleving
Authors: Veltman Leon , Junger Marianne , Johannink Roy
Published: February 2025

Twittering community officers positively alter followers’ willingness to report and perception towards the police organization, but do not alter their perception of safety

Since November 2009, the regional police of Groningen facilitated their community officers with Twitter. According to the principles of community policing, they are enabled to shorten the distance between the police and citizens by giving them a direct connection. Such a connection should stimulate interaction, while at the same time it should make people feel more safe. In addition, Twitter also creates possibilities for the police to be transparent. Sharing of information should alter citizens’ perception towards the police.

A comparison has been made, by using an online questionnaire, between followers and two kinds of non-followers. The effects of following twittering community officers have been demonstrated by using statistical analyses, taking into account relevant control variables. On the basis of these analyses it has been demonstrated that following a twittering community officer did not positively or negatively alter the perception of safety of their followers. However, an enhanced information position has made followers much more aware of local disorder and crime. Thanks to shared information about police actions to sustain and improve local safety and livability, followers’ perception of safety has not been altered negatively.

Followers’ perception towards the police organization has been positively altered, thanks to the twittering community officers. Especially the sharing of information and involving citizens into local policing helps the police to alter the perception of citizens towards their organization. In addition, it has been shown that followers’ willingness to report has been improved. Thanks to the ease of use of Twitter and the shortened distance between the police and citizens, followers do frequently contact the police or a community officer to share some information, or to report some crime or disorder. However, it has been shown that Twitter should just be presented as complementary to existing ways to contact the police.