bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PdII-Catalyzed methoxylation of C(sp3)–H bonds adjacent to benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles
Authors: Kumar Jogendra , Gupta Aniket , Bhadra Sukalyan
Published: March 2019

Benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles govern the PdII-catalyzed regiospecific methoxylation of the proximal-selective α-C(sp3)–H bond to access α-methoxyacetic acids and O-methylated Breslow intermediates.
IrO2-incorporated La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst with enhanced activities
Authors: Wang Haizhen , Yan Litao , Nakotte Tom , Xu Weichuan , Zhou Meng , Ding Dong , Luo Hongmei
Published: March 2019

An IrO2-incorporated La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 composite has been developed as a novel bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst with enhanced electrocatalytic activities toward both the OER and ORR due to the synergistic effect among the two materials.
High-contrast mechanochromic benzothiadiazole derivatives based on a triphenylamine or a carbazole unit
Authors: Zhu Yuan-yuan , Xia Hong-ying , Yao Li-feng , Huang Dan-ping , Song Jun-yan , He Hai-feng , Shen Liang , Zhao Feng
Published: March 2019

Four triphenylamine or carbazole-based benzothiadiazole dyes were synthesized. Interestingly, the four dyes exhibited high-contrast mechanochromism characteristics.
The charge regulation of electronic structure and optical properties of graphitic carbon nitride under strain
Authors: Li Hengshuai , Hu Haiquan , Bai Chenglin , Bao Chunjiang , Guo Feng , Feng Zhenbao , Liu Yongjun
Published: March 2019

The electronic structure of the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C6N6) under strain was obtained using the hybrid density functional HSE06 with a larger computational workload.
Direct synthesis of 2-oxo-acetamidines from methyl ketones, aromatic amines and DMF via copper-catalyzed C(sp3)–H amidination
Authors: Xie Dianke , He Wei , Xiao Jiang , Wu Yao , Guo Yongjia , Liu Qiang , Guo Cancheng
Published: March 2019

A convenient method for the synthesis of 2-oxo-acetamidines from methyl ketones using aromatic amines and DMF as nitrogen sources is reported via copper-catalyzed C(sp3)–H amidination.
Enhanced plasma-catalytic decomposition of toluene over Co–Ce binary metal oxide catalysts with high energy efficiency
Authors: Bo Zheng , Zhu Jinhui , Yang Shiling , Yang Huachao , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa
Published: March 2019

This work demonstrates highly efficient plasma-catalytic decomposition of toluene over Co–Ce binary metal oxide catalysts with superior energy efficiency.
New process for producing butane-2,3-dione by oxidative dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanone
Authors: Huchede M. , Gu Q. , Gauthier G. , Bellière-Baca V. , Michel C. , Millet J. M. M.
Published: March 2019

Reaction of 3-hydroxybutanone in air has been studied with and without a catalyst under atmospheric pressure and at temperatures between 523 and 673 K.
Correction: Facile N-functionalization and strong magnetic communication in a diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex
Authors: Barluzzi Luciano , Chatelain Lucile , Fadaei-Tirani Farzaneh , Zivkovic Ivica , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Facile N-functionalization and strong magnetic communication in a diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex’ by Luciano Barluzzi et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05721d.
T-Nb2O5 embedded carbon nanosheets with superior reversibility and rate capability as an anode for high energy Li-ion capacitors
Authors: Li Dong , Shi Jing , Liu Haolin , Liu Chunyue , Dong Guanghe , Zhang Hao , Yang Yunpeng , Lu Gaofei , Wang Huanlei
Published: March 2019

A lithium-ion capacitor was fabricated by using T-Nb2O5/GCN anode and GCN cathode, which exhibits excellent energy/power density in 0–3.5 V and bridges the gap between batteries and supercapacitors.
Spatial and temporal tunability of magnetically-actuated gradient nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Zhengzhi
Published: March 2019

Magnetically-actuated nanocomposites are demonstrated, both experimentally and theoretically, to be spatially- and temporally-tunable for desired mechanical and physical property gradients.
Programmable actuation of liquid crystal elastomers via “living” exchange reaction
Authors: Wang Zhijian , He Qiguang , Wang Yang , Cai Shengqiang
Published: March 2019

We report a facile room-temperature mechanical programming method of liquid crystal elastomers via the “living” exchange reaction of disulfide bonds.
A one-dimensional Ag NW@NiCo/NiCo(OH)2 core–shell nanostructured electrode for a flexible and transparent asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Junyan , Shen Gengzhe , Zhao Sirou , He Xin , Zhang Chi , Jiang Tinghui , Jiang Jiayi , Chen Bohua
Published: March 2019

One-dimensional Ag nanowire@NiCo/NiCo(OH)2 core–shell nanostructures with a tunable composition are constructed by electrodeposition, showing potential applications in transparent and flexible supercapacitors.
Well-defined biological sample-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres by combining RAFT polymerization and thiol–epoxy coupling chemistry
Authors: Ma Yujuan , Gao Jianfeng , Zheng Congguang , Zhang Huiqi
Published: March 2019

A versatile approach to obtaining well-defined biological sample-compatible MIP microspheres by combining RAFT polymerization and thiol–epoxy coupling chemistry is described.
Fast predictions of exciton diffusion length in organic materials
Authors: de Sousa Leonardo Evaristo , Bueno Fernando Teixeira , e Silva Geraldo Magela , da Silva Filho Demétrio Antônio , Neto Pedro Henrique de Oliveira
Published: March 2019

Simple computational protocol for the estimation of singlet exciton diffusion length in organic materials.
Quantitative detection of near-infrared (NIR) light using organic layered composites
Authors: Takeuchi Machi , Kawashima Hisato , Imai Hiroaki , Fujii Syuji , Oaki Yuya
Published: March 2019

A paper-based device for the quantitative detection of NIR is developed by a combination of polydiacetylene (PDA) and polypyrrole (PPy) with temperature-responsive color-change and photothermal properties, respectively.
Facile synthesis and separation of E/Z isomers of aromatic-substituted tetraphenylethylene for investigating their fluorescent properties via single crystal analysis
Authors: Lu Zhixiang , Yang Shaoxiong , Liu Xiaolan , Qin Yu , Lu Shuhan , Liu Yanxiong , Zhao Ruidun , Zheng Liyan , Zhang Hongbin
Published: March 2019

The intermolecular interactions and molecular packing form of fluorescent molecules have a huge impact on their optical properties, especially for AIE molecules.
Controlled synthesis and enhanced photoelectro-catalytic activity of a 3D TiO2 nanotube array/TiO2 nanoparticle heterojunction using a combined dielectrophoresis/sol–gel method
Authors: Bao Ruiyu , Chen Chen , Xia Jianxin , Chen Huiying , Li Hua
Published: March 2019

The surface morphology and particle size of materials can be controlled using DEP technology.
Silencing of XRCC4 increases radiosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Wen Yuqing , Dai Gongpeng , Wang Liping , Fu Kanda , Zuo Shuguang
Published: March 2019

Background: Radiotherapy is an important locoregional treatment, and its effect on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) needs to be enhanced. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of XRCC4 on radiosensitivity of TNBC. Methods: The RNAi technique was implemented to establish the TNBC stable cell line with XRCC4 knockdown. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of XRCC4 knockdown on cell proliferation. Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays were employed to identify protein expression. Colony assay was performed to detect the effect of XRCC4 knockdown on the colony formation ability of TNBC cells with radiation treatment. Comet assay was conducted to evaluate the influence of XRCC4 silencing on DNA repair activity in ionizing radiation. In addition, we performed a survival analysis based on data in TCGA database. Results: XRCC4 knockdown by lentivirus-mediated shRNA had no significant effect on proliferation of TNBC cells. Knockdown of XRCC4 could substantially increase the sensitivity of TNBC cells to ionizing radiation. The DNA damage level was detected to be increased in the XRCC4 knockdown group, indicating there was a significant repair delay in the XRCC4-deleted cells. Clinical sample analysis exhibited that there were various XRCC4 expression in different patients with TNBC. Moreover, survival analysis showed that high expression of XRCC4 was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival after radiotherapy in TNBC patients. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that XRCC4 knockdown sensitizes TNBC cells to ionizing radiation, and could be considered as a novel predictor of radiosensitivity and a promising target for TNBC.
Study on the relationship between the pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 and CT phenotypes of inner ear in patient with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Wu Lihua , Liu Yunliang , Wu Jianman , Chen Sheng , Tang Shupin , Jiang Yi , Dai Pu
Published: March 2019

To investigate the possible association of pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 and computerized tomography (CT) phenotypes of inner ear, and explore the feasibility of using the method of gene sequence analysis. A total of 155 patients with bilateral hearing loss carrying SLC26A4 gene mutations were further subjected to high-resolution temporal bone CT and thyroid B ultrasound tests. The potential relationship between the pathogenic mutations of gene and the CT phenotypes were analyzed. As a result, 65 patients (41.9%, 65/155) carried SLC26A4 gene mutations, and 27 cases were detected with pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 where IVS7-2A>G (55.6%, 15/27) was the most common pathogenic mutation. Amongst them, 19 patients carrying bi-allelic SLC26A4 mutations were all confirmed to have inner ear malformation by CT scan including four cases of enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and 15 cases of Mondini dysplasia (MD). However, there was only one in eight cases of single allele pathogenic mutation who was confirmed to have EVA by CT scan. Further, only one patient with EVA was confirmed to be slightly higher of total T3 than normal by thyroid ultrasound scan and thyroid hormone assays. These findings suggested that CT detection and SLC26A4 gene detection are efficient methods to diagnose EVA, which can complement each other. Also, the bi-allelic pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 are more likely to induce inner ear malformation than single allele pathogenic mutation.
Long noncoding RNA TUG1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in multiple myeloma by inhibiting miR-29b-3p
Authors: Liu Dahai , Wang Jianfeng , Liu Meihan
Published: March 2019

Background: Long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) was reportedly involved in initiation and development of several cancers. However, its function and molecular mechanisms in multiple myeloma (MM) are still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the expression status, biological function, and potential mechanisms of TUG1 in the progression of MM.

Materials and methods: The expression levels of TUG1 were examined in MM samples and cell lines by real-time quantitative PCR. The effects of TUG1 on MM cells proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry respectively. MiRNAs-targeted sites in TUG1 were screened by Starbase2.0 and were identified by RNA immunoprecipitation assay combined with luciferase reporter assay.

Results: The expression levels of TUG1 were markedly increased in MM samples and cell lines. Knockdown of TUG1 significantly suppressed the proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 phase, and promoted apoptosis of MM cells. In exploring the regulatory mechanism, miR-29b-3p was confirmed to be a direct target of TUG1, and repression of miR-29b-3p could partially rescue the effect TUG1 knockdown on MM cell proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, TUG1 positively modulated histone deacetylases 4 (HDAC4, a target of miR-29b-3p) expression through sponging of miR-29b-3p in MM cells.

Conclusion: These findings suggested that TUG1 exerted an oncogenic role in MM by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-29b-3p, and implied the potential application of TUG1 in treatment for MM.
Data clustering‐based approach for optimal capacitor allocation in distribution systems including wind farms
Authors: Sadeghian Omid , Oshnoei Arman , Khezri Rahmat , Tarafdar Hagh Mehrdad
Published: March 2019

Optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors are important issues to improve voltage profile and reduce power losses in distribution networks. In this regard, dealing with stochastic nature of wind farms (WFs), the issue becomes more complex in wind‐integrated radial distribution networks. This study aims at optimal siting and sizing of shunt capacitors considering wind uncertainty. Application of probabilistic approach causes to access more real and extensive information about the network. To do so, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is employed to assess stochastic variation of wind farm output. As the salient feature of this research, K‐means‐based data clustering approach is utilised, in which all data‐points of the output power of WFs are bunched into desired clusters to ease the solving of simple MCS. The voltage profile and power losses are analysed to do the optimal siting and sizing of capacitors. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, results are compared with the simple MCS that proves the efficiency of the proposed method from the viewpoint of computation time.
Hilbert transform‐based time‐series analysis of the circadian gene regulatory network
Authors: S. Shiju , Sriram K.
Published: March 2019

In this work, the authors propose the Hilbert transform (HT)‐based numerical method to analyse the time series of the circadian rhythms. They demonstrate the application of HT by taking both deterministic and stochastic time series that they get from the simulation of the fruit fly model Drosophila melanogaster and show how to extract the period, construct phase response curves, determine period sensitivity of the parameters to perturbations and build Arnold tongues to identify the regions of entrainment. They also derive a phase model that they numerically simulate to capture whether the circadian time series entrains to the forcing period completely (phase locking) or only partially (phase slips) or neither. They validate the phase model, and numerics with the experimental time series forced under different temperature cycles. Application of HT to the circadian time series appears to be a promising tool to extract the characteristic information about circadian rhythms.
Launch of a CME-associated eruptive prominence as observed with IRIS and ancillary instruments
Authors: Zhang P. , Buchlin É. , Vial J.-C.
Published: March 2019

Aims. In this paper we focus on the possible observational signatures of the processes which have been put forward for explaining eruptive prominences. We also try to understand the variations in the physical conditions of eruptive prominences and estimate the masses leaving the Sun versus the masses returning to the Sun during eruptive prominences.

Methods. As far as velocities are concerned, we combined an optical flow method on the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 304 Å and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Mg IIh&k observations in order to derive the plane-of-sky velocities in the prominence, and a Doppler technique on the IRIS Mg IIh&k profiles to compute the line-of-sight velocities. As far as densities are concerned, we compared the absolute observed intensities with values derived from non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer computations to derive the total (hydrogen) density and consequently compute the mass flows.

Results. The derived electron densities range from 1.3 × 109to 6.0 × 1010cm−3and the derived total hydrogen densities range from 1.5 × 109to 2.4 × 1011cm−3in different regions of the prominence. The mean temperature is around 1.1 × 104K, which is higher than in quiescent prominences. The ionization degree is in the range of 0.1–10. The total (hydrogen) mass is in the range of 1.3 × 1014–3.2 × 1014g. The total mass drainage from the prominence to the solar surface during the whole observation time of IRIS is about one order of magnitude smaller than the total mass of the prominence.
Relative magnetic field line helicity
Authors: Moraitis K. , Pariat E. , Valori G. , Dalmasse K.
Published: March 2019

Context. Magnetic helicity is an important quantity in studies of magnetized plasmas as it provides a measure of the geometrical complexity of the magnetic field in a given volume. A more detailed description of the spatial distribution of magnetic helicity is given by the field line helicity, which expresses the amount of helicity associated to individual field lines rather than in the full analysed volume.

Aims. Magnetic helicity is not a gauge-invariant quantity in general, unless it is computed with respect to a reference field, yielding the so-called relative magnetic helicity. The field line helicity corresponding to the relative magnetic helicity has only been examined under specific conditions so far. This work aims to define the field line helicity corresponding to relative magnetic helicity in the most general way. In addition to its general form, we provide the expression for the relative magnetic field line helicity in a few commonly used gauges, and reproduce known results as a limit of our general formulation.

Methods. By starting from the definition of relative magnetic helicity, we derived the corresponding field line helicity, and we noted the assumptions on which it is based.

Results. We checked that the developed quantity reproduces relative magnetic helicity by using three different numerical simulations. For these cases we also show the morphology of field line helicity in the volume, and on the photospheric plane. As an application to solar situations, we compared the morphology of field line helicity on the photosphere with that of the connectivity-based helicity flux density in two reconstructions of an active region’s magnetic field. We discuss how the derived relative magnetic field line helicity has a wide range of applications, notably in solar physics and magnetic reconnection studies.
A persistent quiet-Sun small-scale tornado
Authors: Tziotziou K. , Tsiropoula G. , Kontogiannis I.
Published: March 2019

Context. Recently, the appearance, characteristics, and dynamics of a persistent 1.7 h vortex flow, resembling a small-scale tornado, have been investigated with observations both from the ground and from space in a quiet-Sun region in several lines and channels and for the first time in the Hα line centre. The vortex flow showed significant substructure in the form of several intermittent chromospheric swirls.

Aims. We investigate the oscillatory behaviour of various physical parameters in the vortex area in an attempt to better understand the physics of the reported vortex flow. This is the first analysis of this extent.

Methods. We used the same data set of high spatial and temporal resolution CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) observations in several wavelengths along the Hα and Ca II 8542 Å line profiles, as well as Doppler velocities and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) derived from the Hα line profiles. The spectral analysis of oscillations is based on a two-dimensional wavelet analysis performed within the vortex flow area and in a quiet-Sun region (used for comparison), as well as along line and circular slices.

Results. The vortex flow shows significant oscillatory power in the range of 3–5 min, peaking around 4 min. This power behaves differently than the reference quiet-Sun region. The derived oscillations reflect the cumulative action of different components such as swaying motions, rotation, and waves. The derived periods for swaying motions are in the range of 200–220 s, and the rotation periods are ∼270 s for Hα and ∼215 s for Ca II 8542 Å. Periods increase with atmospheric height and seem to decrease with radial distance from the vortex centre, suggesting a deviation from a rigid rotation. The behaviour of power within the vortex flow as a function of period and height implies the existence of evanescent waves. Moreover, considerable power is obtained even for periods as long as 10 min, not only at photospheric but also at chromospheric heights, while the formation of vortexes is related to turbulent convection or to twisting motions exercised in the magnetic field concentrations. These imply that different types of waves may be excited, such as magnetoacoustic (e.g. kink) or Alfvén waves.

Conclusions. The vortex flow seems to be dominated by two motions: a transverse (swaying) motion, and a rotational motion. The obtained oscillations point to the propagation of waves within it. Nearby fibril-like flows could play an important role in the rotational modulation of the vortex flow. There also exists indirect evidence that the structure is magnetically supported, and one of the swirls, close to its centre, seems to be acting as a “central engine” to the vortex flow.
Two-dimensional non-LTE O I 777 nm line formation in radiation hydrodynamics simulations of Cepheid atmospheres
Authors: Vasilyev V. , Amarsi A. M. , Ludwig H.-G. , Lemasle B.
Published: March 2019

Oxygen abundance measurements are important for understanding stellar structure and evolution. Measured in Cepheids, they further provide clues on the metallicity gradient and chemo-dynamical evolution in the Galaxy. However, most of the abundance analyses of Cepheids to date have been based on one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic model atmospheres. Here, we test the validity of this approach for the key oxygen abundance diagnostic, the O I 777 nm triplet lines. We carry out two-dimensional (2D) non-LTE radiative transfer calculations across two different 2D radiation hydrodynamics simulations of Cepheid atmospheres, having stellar parameters of Teff = 5600 K, solar chemical compositions, and log g = 1.5 and 2.0, corresponding to pulsation periods of 9 and 3 days, respectively. We find that the 2D non-LTE versus 1D LTE abundance differences range from −1.0 to −0.25 dex depending on pulsational phase. The 2D non-LTE versus 1D non-LTE abundance differences range from −0.2 to 0.8 dex. The abundance differences are smallest when the Cepheid atmospheres are closest to hydrostatic equilibrium, corresponding to phases of around 0.3–0.8, and we recommend these phases for observers deriving the oxygen abundance from O I 777 nm triplet with 1D hydrostatic models.
Morphological and molecular description of Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus Amin, Heckmann & Ha, 2011 (Acanthocephala, Rhadinorhynchidae) from marine fish off the Pacific coast of Vietnam
Authors: Amin Omar Mohamed , Heckmann Richard Anderson , Dallarés Sara , Constenla María , Ha Nguyen Van
Published: March 2019

Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus Amin, Heckmann & Ha, 2011 (Rhadinorhynchidae) was described from a single female collected from a trigger fish, Balistes sp. (Balistidae) from the northern Pacific coast of Vietnam in Halong Bay, Gulf of Tonkin. More recent collections of fishes in 2016 and 2017 revealed wider host and geographical distributions. We report this Acanthocephala from nine species of fish representing six families (including the original record from Balistes sp.) along the whole Pacific coast of Vietnam. The fish species are Alectis ciliaris (Carangidae), Auxis rochei (Scombridae), Auxis thazard (Scombridae), Leiognathus equulus (Leiognathidae), Lutjanus bitaeniatus (Lutjanidae), Megalaspis cordyla (Carangidae), Nuchequula flavaxilla (Leiognathidae), and Tylosurus sp. (Belonidae). We provide a complete description of males and females of R. laterospinosus, discuss its hook metal microanalysis using EDAX, and its micropores. Specimens of this species characteristically have lateral trunk spines bridging the anterior ring of spines with posterior field of ventral spines and a proboscis with 15–19 longitudinal alternating rows of 21–26 hooks each varying with host species. We demonstrate the effect of host species on the distribution and size of the trunk, proboscis, proboscis hooks, trunk spines, and reproductive structures. The molecular profile of this acanthocephalan, based on 18S rDNA and cox1 genes, groups with other Rhadinorhynchus species and further seems to confirm the paraphyly of the genus, which is discussed.
Transferarbeit: Psychotherapeutische Interventionen am
Lebensende
Authors: Berthold Daniel , Gramm Jan
Published: March 2019

PsychotherapeutInnen sind bislang nicht regelhaft in die Versorgung Sterbender
involviert. Aufgrund der gesellschaftlichen Etablierung der Palliativversorgung
ist jedoch eine zunehmende Einbindung zu erwarten. Grundlegende Kenntnisse zu
den Besonderheiten der Versorgung Sterbender sind notwendig, damit etwaige
Berührungsängste weder unterschätzt noch überhöht werden.
Ethikberatung am Lebensende – brauchen sich Psychotherapie
und Medizinethik?
Authors: Rudnik Angelika , May Arnd T.
Published: March 2019

Wertkonflikte können im Gesundheitswesen vielfältig entstehen und sind nicht an
spezifische Versorgungsorte oder -intensitäten gekoppelt. Klinische
Ethikberatung findet sich in immer mehr stationären Einrichtungen des
Gesundheitswesens. Darunter wird ein diskursiver Prozess zur Bearbeitung von
moralischen Konflikten der medizinischen Praxis verstanden, in dem mit den
Betroffenen Lösungen für konkrete Probleme erarbeitet werden 1.
Existenzielle Ansätze in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Noyon Alexander
Published: March 2019

Am Lebensende stellen sich Menschen häufig Fragen, die sich kaum in Begriffen wie
„Problem“ und „Lösung“ definieren lassen. PsychotherapeutInnen sind dann nicht
selten überfordert, weil sie sich selbst unter Druck setzen, doch eine „Lösung“
zu finden – selbst dann, wenn es diese gar nicht geben kann. Existenzielle
Therapieansätze können hier bereichernd sein. Denn sie bieten eine
therapeutische Grundhaltung an, die vom Problemlösungsparadigma weg- und zum
Menschlichsein in der Therapie hinlenkt.
Rivate Equity: Kauf und Verkauf auf dem Krankenhausmarkt
Authors: Scheuplein Christoph
Published: March 2019

Private Equity-Gesellschaften haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren stark auf dem deutschen Gesundheitsmarkt engagiert. So wurde der Gesundheitssektor im Jahr 2017 erstmals in Deutschland zum wichtigsten Anlagefeld für Beteiligungsgesellschaften. Dies umfasst auch Engagements auf dem Klinikmarkt.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2019

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken
Hauptstadtkongress: „Wir stehen am Anfang einer revolutionären Entwicklung“
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: March 2019

Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz gehören zu den Kernthemen des HSK 2019. Was bedeutet die digitale Entwicklung für die Diagnostik und was für die Ausbildung medizinischer Fachkräfte? Ein Interview mit Dr. Ingrid Völker und Ulf Fink über den kommenden Hauptstadtkongress.
Das Terminservice- und Versorgungsgesetz: Meilenstein oder übergriffiges Regelwerk?
Authors: Blady Lars , Jorzig Alexandra , Sarangi Frank
Published: March 2019

Was lange währt wird endlich gut! – Dieses Motto könnte man dem „Gesetz für schnellere Termine und bessere Versorgung“ (Terminservice- und Versorgungsgesetz, TSVG) anhängen. Doch wie üblich bei Neuregelungen im Gesundheitsbereich ist das Echo auch hier geteilt. Was kommt jetzt auf Kliniken zu?
Was Tut sich in Amerika? Obamacare: Eine Reform unter Beschuss
Authors: Schmid Andreas , Wacker Philipp
Published: March 2019

Obamacare gilt als eine der zentralen Errungenschaften der Amtszeit von Barack Obama. Alle Versuche, das Gesetz in seiner Gesamtheit wieder abzuschaffen, sind bisher fehlgeschlagen. Dennoch versuchen seine Gegner mit großer Vehemenz, auch abseits eines Gesetzgebungsverfahrens Änderungen zu bewirken.
Interkulturelle Kompetenz: Der arabische Patient
Authors: Gohar Chrobog Magda , Holzgreve Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

„Medizintouristen“ aus der arabischen Welt können für deutsche Krankenhäuser eine willkommene Einnahmequelle sein. Auch das Universitätsklinikum Bonn behandelt jedes Jahr mehrere Hundert meist muslimische Patienten. Allerdings ist für sie ein besonderes Betreuungskonzept gefragt.
ÖVKT-Strategiemeeting: Am Ball bleiben
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2019

Auf seinem Strategie-Meeting Anfang des Jahres erarbeitete der erweiterte Vorstand des Österreichischen Verbandes der KrankenhaustechnikerInnen Visionen, Leitlinien und konkrete Maßnahmen für den Verband und seine Aktivitäten. Am Ball zu bleiben und diesen in die richtige Richtung zu spielen, darum ging es bei dieser alljährlichen ÖVKT-Klausur in erster Linie.
Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition of Olefins with Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates Catalyzed by BINOL-Based Bifunctional Phosphine
Authors: Cui Hai-Lei , Tang Xue , Li Meng-Fan , Xu Xing-Jie , Shi Yin
Published: March 2019

We have developed a series of novel BINOL-based phosphines. These bifunctional organocatalysts can be used in the [3+2] cycloaddition of electron-deficient olefins and Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates. Moderate to excellent yields (up to >99%) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee) can be obtained in the cycloaddition reaction of maleimides and MBH carbonates. The application of these novel phosphines can be further extended to the asymmetric synthesis of chiral spirooxindoles (up to 85% ee). The results in this study indicate that the BINOL moiety plays an important role in stereocontrol.
A New Formal Synthetic Route to Entecavir
Authors: Wang Xiaoji , Huang Shuangping , Liu Lixia , Sun Yongli , Wang Jiwu , Ou Wentao
Published: March 2019

We describe a new and straightforward approach to the formal synthesis of the hepatitis B virus inhibitor entecavir, an important hepatitis B drug, in ten steps overall. Key features of the route are a Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction, a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, a reductive epoxide opening of an α,β-epoxy ketone, and a Riley selenium dioxide oxidation.
Catalytic Hydrogenations with Cationic Heteroleptic Copper(I)/N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Thiel Niklas O. , Brechmann Lea T. , Teichert Johannes F.
Published: March 2019

A new heteroleptic cationic copper(I) complex bearing two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been prepared. In situ, a Cu–O­ bond can be generated which enables the complex to catalytically activate H2. The resulting complex shows activity in catalytic chemo- and stereoselective alkyne semihydrogenations as well as conjugate reductions of enones.
Timely Data for Targeted Quality Improvement Interventions: Use of a Visual Analytics Dashboard for Bronchiolitis
Authors: Hester Gabrielle , Lang Tom , Madsen Laura , Tambyraja Rabindra , Zenker Paul
Published: March 2019

Background Standard methods for obtaining data may delay quality improvement (QI) interventions including for bronchiolitis, a common cause of childhood hospitalization.

Objective To describe the use of a dashboard in the context of a multifaceted QI intervention aimed at reducing the use of chest radiographs, bronchodilators, antibiotics, steroids, and viral testing in patients with bronchiolitis.

Methods This QI initiative took place at Children's Minnesota, a large, not-for-profit children's health care organization. A multidisciplinary bronchiolitis workgroup developed a local clinical guideline and order-set. Delays in obtaining baseline data prompted a pediatric hospitalist and information technology specialist to modify a vendor's dashboard to display data related to bronchiolitis guideline metrics. Patients 2 months to 2 years old with a bronchiolitis emergency department (ED)/inpatient encounter in the period October 1, 2014 to April 30, 2018 were included. The primary outcome was a functioning dashboard; a process measure was the percentage of ED clinician logins. Outcome measures included the percent use of guideline metrics (e.g., bronchodilators) displayed on statistical process control charts (ED vs. inpatient). Balancing measures included length of stay, charge ratios, and hospital revisits.

Results A workgroup (formed October 2015) implemented a bronchiolitis order-set and guideline (February 2016) followed by a bronchiolitis dashboard (August 2016) consolidating disparate data sources loaded within 2 to 4 days of discharge. In total, 35% of ED clinicians logged in. Leaders used the dashboard to target and track interventions such as a bronchodilator order alert. There were improvements in most outcome metrics; however, timing did not suggest direct dashboard impact. ED balancing measures were lower after implementation.

Conclusion We described use of a dashboard to support a multifaceted QI initiative for bronchiolitis. Leaders used the dashboard for targeted interventions but the dashboard did not directly impact the observed improvements. Future studies should assess reasons for low individual dashboard use.
Dual Antiplatelet or Dual Antithrombotic Therapy for Secondary Prevention in High-Risk Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Sumaya Wael , Geisler Tobias , Kristensen Steen D. , Storey Robert F.
Published: March 2019

Antithrombotic treatment is a key component of secondary prevention following acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Although dual antiplatelet therapy is standard therapy post-ACS, duration of treatment is the subject of ongoing debate. Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy in high-risk patients with history of myocardial infarction reduced the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death. Similarly, in patients with stable coronary artery disease, two-thirds of whom had a history of myocardial infarction, dual antithrombotic therapy with very-low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin also resulted in improved ischaemic outcomes. In the absence of head-to-head comparison, choosing the most appropriate treatment strategy can be challenging, particularly when it comes to balancing the risks of ischaemia and bleeding. We aim to review the evidence for currently available antithrombotic treatments and provide a practical algorithm to aid the decision-making process.
Solar cell supply chain coordination and competition under government intervention
Authors: Kharaji Manouchehrabadi Maedeh , Yaghoubi Saeed
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a solar cell supply chain (SCSC) is modeled in which domestic and foreign suppliers compete with each other on the efficiency influencing the final price of solar cells. Since the SCSC is in the developing stage, it needs to be supported by governments to encourage cooperation among the members of SCSC. One of the most common governmental supports for domestic suppliers is the assignment of subsidy to improve the SCSC's performance and its profit. This paper explores a two-echelon SCSC where three scenarios—including the presence of a domestic supplier in a monopoly market, the presence of a foreign rival in a competitive market, and government intervention in a competitive market—are investigated. In addition, the scenario considering the government intervention is analyzed under the non-cooperative Nash behavior (decentralized), centralized, and collaboration circumstances, the optimal values of which are discussed. SCSC members cooperate with each other through the collaboration condition. The objective function related to the government's role is defined as the main objective in order to calculate the optimal government tariffs, while the supply chain components obtain a profit more than the decentralized situation. This study has been examined using numerical examples, whose results show that the government intervention affects the price, efficiency, and members' profit. Finally, managerial insights are proposed and discussed to enhance the efficiency of the supply chain.
Interface height fluctuations and surface tension of driven liquids with time-dependent dynamics
Authors: del Junco Clara , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan
Published: March 2019

Interfaces in phase-separated driven liquids are one example of how energy input at the single-particle level changes the long-length-scale material properties of nonequilibrium systems. Here, we measure interfacial fluctuations in simulations of two liquids driven by time-dependent forces, one with repulsive interactions and one with attractive interactions. The time-dependent forces lead to currents along the interface, which can modify the scaling of interface height fluctuations with respect to predictions from capillary wave theory (CWT). We therefore characterize the whole spectrum of fluctuations to determine whether CWT applies. In the system with repulsive interactions, we find that the interface fluctuations are well-described by CWT at one amplitude of the driving forces but not at others. In the system with attractive interactions, they obey CWT for all amplitudes of driving, allowing us to extract an effective surface tension. The surface tension increases linearly over two orders of magnitude of the driving forces, more than doubling its equilibrium value. Our results show how the interfaces of nonequilibrium liquids with time-dependent forces are modified by energy input.
Development and assessment of a multi-beam continuous-phantom-motion x-ray scatter projection imaging system
Authors: Dydula Christopher , Belev George , Johns Paul C.
Published: March 2019

X-ray image formation using scattered radiation can yield a superior contrast-to-noise ratio compared to conventional transmission x-ray imaging. A barrier to practical implementation of scatter imaging systems has been slow image acquisition. We have developed a projection imaging system which uses five monoenergetic pencil beams in combination with continuous phantom motion to achieve acquisition times that are practical for medical and security applications. The system was configured at the Canadian Light Source synchrotron and consists of a primary collimator, motorized stages for phantom translation, a flat-panel x-ray detector for measuring scattered x rays, and photodiodes for simultaneously measuring transmitted x rays. Image generation requires several corrections to raw data artifacts arising from the nature of the detector, x-ray source, and acquisition procedure. We developed a novel correction for pixel location inaccuracy arising from continuous phantom motion. A five-beam system had nearly five times faster acquisition than a single-beam system. Continuous motion acquisition was approximately 30 times faster than step-and-shoot acquisition. The total acquisition time for a 9 cm × 5 cm phantom with 8425 pixels was just over 2 min. Image quality was also assessed, in part to determine its relation to acquisition speed. The width of sharp material boundaries was found to be at a minimum equal to the pencil beam width (1.75 mm) and to have an additional width equal to the product of the phantom translation speed and the acquisition time per pixel (up to 1.0 mm in our experiments). Contrast-detail performance was independent of acquisition speed, depending only on phantom entrance x-ray fluence. Pixel signal-to-noise ratio measurements indicate that detector readout noise is important for the scatter data, even for phantom air kerma as high as 30 mGy. Images could be improved with a detector having lower readout noise and higher sensitivity. Its spatial resolution could be moderate. We confirmed that for the same range of λ−1 sin(θ/2), where λ is the x-ray wavelength and θ is the scattering angle, scatter images acquired using different beam energies (33–70 keV) had nearly identical contrast.
Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of metal-doped phenanthrene by codoping method
Authors: Yan Xun-Wang , Zhang Chunfang , Zhong Guohua , Li Jing
Published: March 2019

By first principles method, we have determined the geometric configuration of K/Ba-codoped phenanthrene based on the formation energy calculations, and systematically investigated its electronic and magnetic properties. There are two bands crossing Fermi energy which mainly result from the LUMO+1 orbitals of two phenanthrene molecules in a unit cell, and the cylinder-like Fermi surface along the Γ - Z direction reflects the two-dimension character of metallic conduction of K/Ba-codoped phenanthrene. Compared to K-doped phenanthrene, K/Ba-codoping can donate more electrons to molecule to modify the electronic structure, while the intercalation of dopants does not result in the large distortion of molecule. (KBa)1phenanthrene is a magnetic metal with the spin moment of 0.32 μB per each molecule, and unexpectedly, the spins gather in one edge of molecule rather than a uniform distribution on the whole molecule. Our results demonstrate that codoping of monovalent and bivalent metals is an effective approach to modulate the electronic properties of metal-doped hydrocarbons.
Optimizing the energies conversion in laser-electron beam collision
Authors: Ong J. F. , Moritaka T. , Takabe H.
Published: March 2019

The energy conversion in laser-electron beam collision is typically small. However, with a properly chosen parameter of the laser and electron beam, the energy conversion can be optimized. In this paper, the laser and electron parameters are selected such that the ponderomotive force is compensated by the radiation reaction force in the head-on collision configuration. Then, the relativistic electron beam can quiver in the laser pulse for a longer time to increase the energy conversion. To access the laser energy evolution, simulations of laser-electron beam collision by the Particle-in-Cell method are performed. The optimum of laser field energy depletion is observed at γ0 = a0 ∼ 400 and limited beyond this point due to the impenetrability threshold. The total energy conversion into radiation emission is optimum at γ0 = a0 ∼ 250. We estimated that the conversion efficiency can be up to 11% for an electron bunch with charge of the order of 100 nC. The efficient gamma-ray sources are of great interest for applications in photonuclear experiments.
Measurement of thickness of annular liquid films based on distortion correction of laser-induced fluorescence imaging
Authors: Xue Ting , Li Zhuolin , Li Chenyang , Wu Bin
Published: March 2019

Liquid film flow is widely used in a variety of modern industrial applications. The liquid film thickness is a key characteristic in both annular flow and falling film. In this paper, based on planar laser induced fluorescence imaging, an optical distortion correction and measurement method of film thickness is proposed. The optical path distortion is analyzed, and a mathematical model to correct the distortion is established. The instantaneous images of liquid film under different Reynolds numbers are captured, and then the binary image of liquid film is processed to extract the average thickness. The flow fluctuation of the liquid film under different Reynolds numbers is investigated, and then a prediction model of average film thickness is presented. With the proposed method, refractive index matching is not needed to eliminate the distortion due to curvature of the tube containing the annular flow. Compared with the classical prediction model of average film thickness, the experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve non-invasive measurement of the liquid film accurately, and the new prediction model is effective and with high precision.
Methodology for the investigation of threading dislocations as a source of vertical leakage in AlGaN/GaN-HEMT heterostructures for power devices
Authors: Besendörfer S. , Meissner E. , Lesnik A. , Friedrich J. , Dadgar A. , Erlbacher T.
Published: March 2019

In this work, an AlGaN/GaN-HEMT heterostructure is exemplarily studied by a strict place-to-place correlational approach in order to help clarify some open questions in the wide field of reliability topics. Especially, vertical leakage current, its relation to dislocations in general, and specific types in particular are investigated on a highly defective material. With the aid of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode, cathodoluminescence imaging, defect selective etching, and energy dispersive X-ray, the material’s defect content around the device relevant two dimensional electron gas is analyzed. The total dislocation density, as well as the density of threading screw, edge, and mixed type dislocations, is systematically investigated directly. The obtained result is statistically much more significant than is possible by conventional transmission electron microscopy studies and more precise than the results obtained by the indirect method of rocking curve analysis. The method of conductive AFM allowed mapping of variations in the vertical leakage current, which could be correlated with variations in barrier leakage or gate leakage. Spots of locally high leakage current could be observed and directly assigned to dislocations with a screw component, but with significant differences even within the same group of dislocation types. The electrical activity of dislocations is discussed in general, and a fundamental model for a potential dislocation driven vertical leakage is proposed.
Tunable topological bandgaps and frequencies in a pre-stressed soft phononic crystal
Authors: Nguyen B. H. , Zhuang X. , Park H. S. , Rabczuk T.
Published: March 2019

Topological insulators (TIs) have recently received significant attention due to the promise of lossless transport of various types of energy. Despite this interest, one outstanding issue is that the topological bandgap and the frequencies that are topologically permitted are typically fixed once the topological structure has been designed and fabricated. Therefore, an open and unresolved question concerns the ability to actively tune both the bandgap magnitude, as well as the frequencies, for which the energy is topologically protected. In this work, we report a mechanically tunable phononic TI using an acoustic analog of the quantum valley Hall effect. We propose a phononic crystal comprised of a soft, hyperelastic material where the phononic band structure is modulated through large deformation of the structure. In doing so, space-inversion symmetry can be broken, which leads to a phase transition between two topologically-contrasted states and the emergence of topologically-protected interface modes according to bulk-edge correspondence. We further demonstrate the robustness of this topological protection of the edge state along the interface, which demonstrates that mechanical deformation can be used to effectively tailor and tune the topological properties of elastic structures.
Mechanical energy harvesting using a liquid metal vortex magnetohydrodynamic generator
Authors: Panchadar Karan , West Devin , Taylor J. Ashley , Krupenkin Tom
Published: March 2019

A mechanical to electrical energy conversion device based on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect has been demonstrated. The generator design employs the circular swirling flow of conductive liquid metals (mercury or Galinstan) through a cylindrical chamber in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The circular design greatly improves the generator performance by eliminating the electrical energy edge losses, typically associated with duct MHD generators. The generator performance was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The generated voltage was measured as a function of electrical load, magnetic field strength, and flow velocity. A simple analytical model, which describes the generator operation, was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. This generator is capable of a power density of 34 W cm−3 in its current geometry with densities on the order of 102 W cm−3 possible given optimized geometry. Additionally, the generator can effectively utilize a wide range of forces and displacements. We hope that the proposed approach can enable mechanical energy harvesters capable of extracting useful energy from a wide range of environmental mechanical energy sources.