bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional Integrity in Higher Education: A Study of Administrative Staff Ethics in Student Affairs
Authors: Reybold L. Earle , Halx Mark D. , Jimenez Anne L.
Published: March 2008

This study examined administrative staff perceptions of professional ethics in a student affairs division at one university. Indepth interviews were conducted with 12 staff members (six assistant/associate vice presidents and six directors) and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Participants described three dimensions of professional ethicality: regulatory, situated, and collective. Discussion focuses on the inadequacy of personal or professional values alone to guide complex ethical reasoning in higher education, as well as the need for creating and sustaining ethical environments in student affairs through ethical modeling and relational leadership.
The Relationships Between Service-Learning, Social Justice, Multicultural Competence, and Civic Engagement
Authors: Einfeld Aaron , Collins Denise
Published: March 2008

This study qualitatively examined how participants in a long-term service-learning program described their understanding of and commitment to social justice, multicultural competence, and civic engagement. Interviews with members of a university-sponsored AmeriCorps service-learning program explored participants’ perceptions of the effects of their service. Several participants in this study increased their awareness of inequality, but only some adopted a commitment to social justice. Participants also developed several multicultural skills while interacting with their clients, such as empathy, patience, attachment, reciprocity, trust, and respect. All participants expressed a commitment to continued civic engagement.
Stripped: Clothing and Identity in Colonial Captivity Narratives
Authors: Castro Wendy Lucas
Published: March 2008

This article examines the preoccupation of English colonists with their state of dress during captivity by Indians as reflected in their subsequent narratives. This concern is linked to the conflation of clothing and person, and the anxieties exhibited by the colonists during their imprisonment illustrate how important clothing was to their construction of identity, particularly in the New World, where the fear of degeneration was ever present.
"The great improvement and civilization of that race": Jefferson and the "Amelioration" of Slavery, ca. 1770–1826
Authors: Dierksheide Christa
Published: March 2008

After the revolution Jefferson envisioned the gradual abolition of slavery, to be achieved by "amelioration." First, the slave trade would be abolished. Second, slaves and slavery would be "improved." Third, slaves would be emancipated and expatriated. But as soon as Jefferson conceded that slavery could be improved—and was a modern, dynamic institution—there seemed no need for it to be abolished.
The Cultural Dimensions of Political Transfers: An Aspect of the European Occupation of the Americas
Authors: Greene Jack P.
Published: March 2008

Looking broadly at the cultural dimensions of political transfers from one European power to another in the early modern Americas from the 1640s to the 1850s, this article attempts to categorize those transfers and to tease out a framework for examining why some established cultures were more resistant to change than others, why some were more open to reformulation or hybridization, and why some superimposed cultures were more or less invasive than others.
Beyond the Dialectic: Conrad, Levinas, and the Scene of Recognition
Authors: Junyk Ihor
Published: March 2008

"Beyond the Dialectic: Conrad, Levinas, and the Scene of Recognition" reads Conrad's Heart of Darkness through the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. Focusing on two key scenes—Marlow's meetings with Kurtz and the Intended—the essay uses Levinas's work to highlight Conrad's attempts to move beyond the violence inherent in the Hegelian philosophical tradition, to a position of respect and responsibility for the other.
Facing the Face of the Enemy: Levinasian Moments in All Quiet on the Western Front and the Literature of War
Authors: Middleton-Kaplan Richard
Published: March 2008

This essay applies Emmanuel Levinas's concept of the face of the Other, and of the command to ethical action emanating from that face, to literature of war. After brief discussion of several works of war literature, the focus turns to Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front. Levinas's ideas about face-to-face encounters are contrasted with Max Picard's. The conclusion considers where Levinas and Remarque diverge, arguing that although Remarque's novel leaves us with death in the foxhole, Levinas's philosophy points toward a path that might lead out of the trenches toward life, bringing us at last face-to-face with peace.
The Death of the Other: A Levinasian Reading of Paul Auster's Moon Palace
Authors: Uchiyama Kanae
Published: March 2008

Paul Auster's ethical concerns have never been fully discussed because it is problematic to discuss concurrently his characters' unstable identities as a postmodern feature and their pursuit of responsibility for the other. Introducing the thought of Emmanuel Levinas that postmodern thought and ethics can be compatible, this paper explores Auster's ethical motif from the perspective of alterity, but not from the dialectical choice between the loss or the unity of identity. With specific attention to Levinas's ideas on certain physical dimensions and language, it first argues that the body's passivity constitutes ethical subjectivity in Auster's Moon Palace and finally suggests that "incredible narrative" as a testimony works as an ethical demand in the novel.
Drawing Christ’s Blood: Michelangelo, Vittoria Colonna, and the Aesthetics of Reform*
Authors: D’Elia Una Roman
Published: March 2008

This article discusses Michelangelo’s drawings for Vittoria Colonna in relation to poetry and prose by Michelangelo, Colonna, and their circle. It focuses on the intersection between debates about Church reform and the polemic aboutdisegno(drawing or design) andcolore(color or finish). Vittoria Colonna used the distinction betweendisegnoandcolorerepeatedly in her spiritual poetry. In these and other writings, reform-minded thinkers did not offer consistent aesthetic and theological positions, but rather consciously articulated contradictions. Likewise, Michelangelo’s drawings for Vittoria Colonna display a strategy of deliberate paradox, in that they are highly colored black-and-white drawings of a tearless tearfulness and a bloodless bloodiness.
Seneca in Early Elizabethan England*
Authors: Winston Jessica
Published: March 2008

In the 1560s a group of men associated with the universities, and especially the early English law schools, the Inns of Court, translated nine of Seneca’s ten tragedies into English. Few studies address these texts and those that do concentrate on their contributions to the development of English drama. Why such works were important for those who composed them remains unclear. This essay examines the translations against the background of the social, political, and literary culture of the Inns in the 1560s. In this context, they look less like forms of dramatic invention than kinds of writing that facilitated the translators’ Latin learning, personal interactions, and political thinking and involvement.
News from Negroponte: Politics, Popular Opinion, and Information Exchange in the First Decade of the Italian Press?*
Authors: Meserve Margaret
Published: March 2008

The fall of Negroponte to the Turks in 1470 was one of the first events in European history to be recorded in print. This article examines a little-known cluster of more than a dozen texts published in the months after the colony’s fall by some of the earliest printers to work in Italy. These editions did not “break” the news to the Italian public but rather offered analysis and commentary to an already well-informed readership. Some catered to contemporary demands for vernacular political poetry, while others now reveal the extent to which Italian humanists attached themselves to the printing industry in its earliest years, often with ambiguous results”
Louis Le Roy’sSympose de Platonand Three Other Renaissance Adaptions of Platonic Eros*
Authors: Schachter Marc
Published: March 2008

This essay considers commentaries on and translations of Plato’sSymposium(by Marsilio Ficino, the Henri Estienne-Jean de Serres team, and, preeminently, Louis Le Roy) as well as an influential Neoplatonic passage from Baldassar Castiglione’sIl Cortegianoto explore some of the implications of, and dynamics behind, the heterosexualization of Platonic eros in the Renaissance. Focusing on the specific work done by different texts in particular contexts rather than homogenizing the translation of pederastic eros, the essay contributes to a critical genealogy of heterosexuality. Links between Le Roy’s effort and the cultural and political ambitions of the French monarchy receive particular attention.
4. The English Reformation after Revisionism
Authors: Duffy Eamon
Published: March 2008

For a generation, writing about the English Reformation has been dominated by debates about the character, pace, and popularity of the transition from Catholic to Protestant belief and practice in England. These “revisionist” debates have had a regrettable tendency to produce artificial polarities from a complex set of processes, and some recent studies, such as Norman Jones’sThe English Reformation, Eamon Duffy’sVoices of Morebath, and Ethan Shagan’sPopular Politics and the English Reformation, have attempted to move beyond these polarities to consider the processes by which England became Protestant. This paper surveys some of these studies and attempts an overview of the state of English Reformation historiography.
Penelope’s Web: Francesco Primaticcio’s Epic Revision at Fontainebleau*
Authors: Fiorenza Giancarlo
Published: March 2008

Francesco Primaticcio designed his celebrated Galerie d’Ulysse at Fontainebleau (now destroyed) at a time when the epic genre was being updated and redefined. One of the most popular scenes from the gallery, Ulysses and Penelope recounting their adventures to one another in bed (from book 23 of theOdyssey),was adapted and revised in an independent composition by Primaticcio himself:Ulysses and Penelope(Toledo Museum of Art, ca. 1560). In contrast to the Fontainebleau mural, the artist’s self-conscious, refined pictorial language for his canvas converts epic energy into lyric sentimentality. As a result, Penelope becomes the central focus of the new composition. Through the language of gesture the painting stresses such themes as beauty and desire, and further employs such prized poetic devices as reversal (peripeteia) and recognition (anagnorisis). By responding to the formal prescriptions of both the epic and romance genres, Primaticcio exploits the expressive and visual potential of the Homeric episode in an utterly novel way. The painting opens up questions into ways of reading, viewing, and interpreting mythic subject matter in sixteenth-century France.
3. Encountering the Counter-Reformation
Authors: Laven Mary
Published: March 2008

While the Reformation has, from the very beginning, been seen as a drama which drew its cast from every sphere of society, the Counter-Reformation was until recently considered the project of elites. Even those who sought to write the social history of the Catholic reform movement allocated to “the people” the role of resisting the course of change rather than contributing to the transformation of early modern Catholicism. Swimming against this tide, a succession of local case studies, focusing in particular on rituals and objects, has demonstrated the manifold ways in which men and women of all social backgrounds participated in the reinvention of Roman Catholicism. This paper considers new emphases in the social and cultural history of the Counter-Reformation, and asks whether there remains a place for thinking about the age of reform in terms of discipline and confessionalization.
2. Protestantism in Mainland Europe: New Directions
Authors: MacCulloch Diarmaid
Published: March 2008

Most stimulating — for this Anglophone historian, at least — has been the reintegration of religious history into mainstream social and political history generally, and also the heightened sense of an international movement embracing an entire continent and beyond. We no longer make artificial distinctions between the Reformations of the Atlantic Isles and those on the mainland; we can see more clearly what is local and what is part of an international phenomenon; and we can also appreciate the artificiality of considering Protestantism in isolation from reform movements in both the Pre-Reformation Western Church and Post-Tridentine Roman Catholicism. I commend the advantages of emancipating religious history from specific religious commitment. I also discuss the effect of the breaking down of barriers to travel and research in the wake of the 1989–90 revolutions in the recovery of our sense of the importance of Reformations in Eastern Europe, and also highlight our realization that a heritage of Southern European dissent shaped the heterodoxy that dissolved Reformation certainties.
The RenaissanceConsiliumasJustice
Authors: Kuehn Thomas
Published: March 2008

In a provocative essay published inRenaissance Quarterlyin 1999, Ullrich Langer investigated the critical positions ofnovellierisuch as Boccaccio regarding the legal system, courts, and lawyers. This essay builds on his work, both by broadening the range of critiques of law to include those of the humanists, and by giving the lawyers their day in court, as it were, in an investigation of two representative case-deciding opinions. Then as now, these legal experts did not have the luxury of considering law and justice in the abstract, apart from the need to resolve the particular case before them: they had to resolve a case and follow the law as they understood it.
Karaism and Christian Hebraism: A New Document*
Authors: Lasker Daniel J.
Published: March 2008

In September 1641 Joannes Stephanus Rittangel sent a Hebrew letter to John Selden, the prominent English jurist and Christian Hebraist, soliciting Selden’s assistance in publishing Karaite manuscripts. The letter’s publication here contributes both to our knowledge of the activities of Rittangel — expert in Karaism and Professor Extraordinary of Semitic languages at the University of Koenigsberg — and to the picture we have of Christian Hebraism in England. From this letter and from references to Rittangel in contemporary literature, we can reconstruct some of his activities from the time he was recorded to have been in Lithuania at the end of 1640 to his appearance in Amsterdam in late 1641. We can also appreciate how knowledge of Karaism was spread among English Christians such as John Selden and Ralph Cudworth, and also how that information contributed to the millenarianism of Samuel Hartlib and John Dury.
Utopia through Italian Eyes: Thomas More and the Critics of Civic Humanism*
Authors: Nelson Eric
Published: March 2008

Thomas More'sUtopiahas long been regarded as the great Northern European expression of Italian civic humanist ideals. This article argues, in contrast, that More's treatise constitutes an emphatic rejection of those values. In support of this claim, the article chronicles the reception ofUtopiain Italy; it demonstrates that More's text was taken up, not by the civic humanists, but by their fiercest critics. These early Italian readers recognized inUtopiaa repudiation of active citizenship, an assault on private property, a rejection of the Roman cult of glory, and a polemic against Ciceronian humanism. As a result, the reception ofUtopiais shown to have opened up a fissure in the republican tradition which would have profound consequences for the subsequent development of European political discourse.
Medici Funerary Monuments in the Duomo of Florence during the Fourteenth Century: A Prologue to “The Early Medici”*
Authors: Paoletti John T.
Published: March 2008

Medici patronage of the arts in the fourteenth century has gone largely unstudied. Yet there is a notable paper trail, backed by a small number of sculptural remnants of funerary monuments, indicating that prominent members of the family understood the power of visual imagery for establishing their patrilines as leading families, both within the social hierarchy of Florence and within the Medici consorteria. These sculptural remains give clear precedent for the early activity of Giovanni di Bicci and Cosimo de’ Medici as artistic patrons in the fifteenth century.
The Role of Letters in Biographies of Michelangelo*
Authors: Parker Deborah
Published: March 2008

This study examines the role that Michelangelo’s letters have played
in biographies of the artist. It focuses on two periods — the Renaissance and
the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the latter witnessing an
outpouring of biographies on Michelangelo. The first section of the study
examines the way in which Giorgio Vasari edited the letters he received from
Michelangelo in his 1568 vita of the sculptor. In
the second section I analyze how the availability of the letters, through a
long and fitful process, influenced the way in which biographers from John S.
Harford to Giovanni Papini characterize Michelangelo and his
world.
Wherefore Art Thou Tereu? Juliet and the Legacy of Rape
Authors: Watson Robert N.
Published: March 2008

Commentators on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet — perhaps mesmerized
by the play’s reputation as an exemplar of pure love — have overlooked its
references to the most notorious rapists of classical culture: Tereus, Hades,
Tarquin, and Paris. Our point is not to accuse Romeo, but instead to
demonstrate that Shakespeare characteristically hints at crimes that only
flicker through the minds of potential perpetrators and victims, who must draw
on a collective cultural legacy to judge, articulate, and control those
possibilities. Reducing the play’s spectrum of sexual aggression (including
voyeurism, insincere seduction, displaced phallic violence, angry
possessiveness, and forced marriage) into a neat binary of rape and consent may
be socially desirable, but it erases the ethical and psychological complexity
of adolescent courtship. Ignoring the ancient specter of rape haunting this
story also precludes recognizing what Juliet does heroically to exorcise
it.
A Spectacular Celebration of the Assumption in Siena
Authors: Campbell Andrea
Published: March 2008

This essay addresses the significance of the Assumption of the Virgin fresco in the Baptistery of Siena and the existence of an adjacent tunnel that connects the Baptistery to the Cathedral above. The traditional celebration of the Assumption of the Virgin in Siena is described; previously unpublished documents stating that a play of the Assumption was performed add new details to the picture. Other contemporary Sienese religious dramas, some little-known to modern scholars, are discussed to illustrate what the play of the Assumption could have entailed. It is proposed that the tunnel, or trapdoor, was used to conceal ropes that raised an effigy of the Assunta during the feast-day Mass.
Visitors, Display, and Reception in the Antiquity Collections
of Late-Renaissance Rome
Authors: Stenhouse William
Published: March 2008

This essay examines visitors’ experiences in the antiquity collections of Rome between 1550 and 1600. It argues that access to private collections was not as casual as has previously been thought, but that, in fact, it is possible to identify changes in the reception of visitors in this period as the city’s collections became increasingly public and institutionalized. Particular pressures on ecclesiastical collectors and parallels elsewhere in the development of the display of objects can explain the change at Rome: because of the city’s centrality, its collections serve as an important case study for a wider phenomenon, the growth of the museum.
“The Most Vile and Barbarous Nation of all the World”: Giles Fletcher the Elder’sThe Tartars Or, Ten Tribes(ca. 1610)*
Authors: Cogley Richard W.
Published: March 2008

There was an ongoing controversy in seventeenth-century England about the ten lost tribes of Israel. The debate centered on the theoretical question of whether or not the lost tribes continued to exist as a distinct ethnic group. Surprisingly little attention was paid to what might seem to be the first order of business in any national referendum about the lost tribes: determining where they were. Fletcher’s book, which argued that the lost tribes survived as (and not merely lived among) the Tartars of central and northeastern Asia, was one of the few statements written in seventeenth-century England about the location of the missing people.
Vasari’s Buffalmacco and the Transubstantiation of Paint
Authors: Norman E. Land
Published: March 2008

Beginning with several tales in Giovanni Boccaccio’sDecameron, the early fourteenth-century Florentine painter Buonamico Buffalmacco was often portrayed as a carefree, funloving trickster. As this paper demonstrates, that image has obscured the deeper significance that Buffalmacco and his works held for Giorgio Vasari in the second edition ofThe Lives of the Artists(1568). That significance is especially apparent in his account of the eccentric painter and his dealings with the nuns of Faenza. In two humorous anecdotes about the nuns and Buffalmacco, Vasari poetically reveals the aesthetic and theological significance of the painter’s art. In spite of Buffalmacco’s less-than-diligent character, Vasari praises his ability to “transubstantiate” paint, an ability that placed him among theprimi lumi.
Abridging theAntiquitee of Faery lond:New Paths Through Old Matter inThe Faerie Queene*
Authors: Chloe Wheatley
Published: March 2008

Sixteenth-century history may have been recorded most spectacularly in prestigious folio chronicles, but readers had more ready access to printed books that conveyed this history in epitome. This essay focuses on how Edmund Spenser (1552?–99) appropriated the rhetoric and form of such printed redactions in his rendition of fairy history found in book 2 ofThe Faerie Queene(1596). Through his abridged fairy chronicle, Spenser connects to a broadly defined reading public, emphasizes the deeds not only of kings but their imperial and civic deputies, and provides an alternative interpretive pathway through his poem.
Male/Female, Italy/Flanders, Michelangelo/Vittoria Colonna
Authors: Agoston Laura Camille
Published: March 2008

This essay proposes a new reading of the famous passage comparing the devotional value of Flemish and Italian painting in Francisco de Holanda’s (1517-84) Portuguese treatiseDa pintura antigua. My purpose is to demonstrate that the polarizing and divisive claims made about Flemish painting are unmade in the text itself. The major grounds upon which Flemish art is attacked in the first of the four Roman dialogues are upheld for admiration in the second. The strongly misogynistic character of the passage on Flemish painting has obscured the more complex and shifting treatment of gender identity in the text.
Spenser, Homer, and the Mythography of Strife*
Authors: Wolfe Jessica
Published: March 2008

This article examines a central narrative and ethical motif of Edmund Spenser’sFaerie Queene —the golden chain—in the context of Spenser’s broader debts to Homeric epic. While largely neglected in favor of more immediate sources, such as Virgil’sAeneidand Tasso’sGerusalemme Liberata, the influence of Homer’sIliadandOdysseyis profoundly felt in Spenser’s mythography of strife. In its representation of the consequences of cosmological and spiritual strife,The Faerie Queenerealizes the classical and late antique allegorical tradition of interpreting Homeric epic as illustrative of the doctrines of pre-Socratic philosophers such as Heraclitus and Empedocles. Its moral landscape structured according to the oppositional yet complementary forces of love and strife, Spenser’s epic enacts the Homeric-Empedoclean epic of the allegorists so as to offer its own etiology of discord, one sympathetic with, but also distinct from, that of Homer.
The Gestural Theory of Language Origins
Authors: Armstrong David F
Published: March 2008

The idea that iconic visible gesture had something to do with the origin of language, particularly speech, is a frequent element in speculation about this phenomenon and appears early in its history. Socrates hypothesizes about the origins of Greek words in Plato's satirical dialogue, Cratylus, and his speculation includes a possible role for sound based iconicity as well as for the visual gestures employed by the deaf. Plato's use of satire to broach this topic also points to the fine line between the sublime and the ridiculous that has continued to be a hallmark of this sort of speculation. This paper will present recent evidence supporting the idea that language first arose as visible gesture. This evidence is culled from several lines of research, including research on the neurological underpinnings of gesture, i.e., research on mirror neurons; new research on the gestural communication of African apes; research on the cognitive basis of the signed languages of the deaf; and research on the emergence of new signed languages.
Five Nonmanual Modifiers That Mitigate Requests and Rejections in American Sign Language
Authors: Hoza Jack
Published: March 2008

A notable difference between signed and spoken languages is the use of nonmanual linguistic signals that co-occur with the production of signs. These nonmanual signals involve primarily the face and upper torso and are an important feature of American Sign Language (ASL). They include grammatical markers that indicate syntactic categories such as yes-no/questions and wh-word questions, as well as nonmanual markers (NMMs) that function as adverbs and adjectives. The article describes the ways in which native ASL signers use five nonmanual markers to alter requests and rejections in different discourse contexts. It also argues for a linear ordering of these NMMs based on the degree to which each mitigates requests and rejections and concludes with a discussion of implications for linguistic studies, ASL instruction, and ASL/English interpretation.
ME. . . ME. . . WASHOE: An Appreciation
Authors: King Barbara J.
Published: March 2008

Washoe, the chimpanzee pioneer who learned aspects of American Sign Language, died in October 2007. In reviewing her life and accomplishments, this article focuses on Washoe's status as an ape and a person, and on the role of emotion in language learning and language use. It argues that Washoe's legacy stems not from the number of ASL signs she could be said to have acquired or how many word combinations she created. Rather, it stems from Washoe's ability to cause humans to think and feel about apes who think and feel, and to reflect upon the continuity among animal communication, ape symboling, and human language.
Dumb O Jemmy and Others: Deaf People, Interpreters and the London Courts in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Stone Christopher , Woll B. (Bencie)
Published: March 2008

This article reviews eighteenth- and nineteenth-century proceedings of the London Central Criminal Court (Old Bailey) that involved deaf people. The use, role, and status of sign language and interpreters in these settings are described. These proceedings provide important information about deaf people's experiences within the court system of the time and insight into their communication during this era. Moreover, they illuminate attitudes toward deaf people in the period immediately before and after the creation of schools for deaf children in Britain.
Transnational Germany:
Authors: Gerhardt Christina
Published: March 2008

Die leere Mitte (The Empty Center, 1998), a film directed and produced by Hito Steyerl, engages the space of Potsdamer Platz and the changes it has undergone over the past two hundred years, thereby discussing variegated borders that have existed on the site: religious, political, and economic. Yet organizing the film's content temporally undoes its structural complexity: while the film presents itself as a documentary, its formal techniques thwart conventions of the genre. Thematically, it examines both discreet eras of history and broader imperialist forces at work in Germany or areas that it colonized. (CG)
Transatlantic Perspectives on Men, Women, and Other Primates: The Ape Motif in Kafka, Canetti, and Cooper's and Jackson's King Kong Films
Authors: Lorenz Dagmar C. G.
Published: March 2008

A comparative reading of Kafka's "Report for an Academy," Canetti's chapter "A Madhouse" from his novel Auto-da-Fé , and Cooper's and Jackson's film versions of King Kong reveals ongoing connections between the discourse on species, gender, race, and the status of human beings within the natural order. The cross-species relationships thematized in the texts suggest a critical or, in the case of Cooper, an optimistic attitude about Western civilization. The human-ape stories central to the texts provide the basic paradigm to examine social conditions and cultural conflicts, but they also serve as a commentary about the relationship of human and non-human animals, and about changing concepts of civilization and nature. The changing configurations of these human-ape relationships provide insight into the changing attitudes toward different species and environmental issues during the 20 th century. (DL)
Projecting Trauma: The Femme Fatale in Weimar and Hollywood Film Noir
Authors: Hales Barbara
Published: March 2008

This article challenges recent scholarship on German exile directors by suggesting that the context of Weimar culture is relevant to understanding the work of these directors in Hollywood. I propose that film noir of the 1940s and 1950s conveys the crisis of male identity resulting from World War I by way of the femme fatale character. The paper begins with an examination of the traumatic conditions of post-war Weimar that constructed the woman as criminal and double and then proceeds to an analysis of filmic depictions of the femme fatale in Hollywood and Weimar. (BH)
The Romantic and Modern Practice of Animal Magnetism: Friedrich Schlegel's Protocols of the Magnetic Treatment of Countess Lesniowska
Authors: Johnson Laurie
Published: March 2008

For six years, Friedrich Schlegel kept a diary of the magnetism therapy of his friend the Countess Franziska Lesniowska. The Countesss illness was marked by repetitive symptoms often related to memories of past events; she experienced phenomena similar to what Freud later called the uncanny return of repressed content. However, Schlegel believed she was clairvoyant and that her symptoms were incomplete expressions of a beautiful future. An examination of the diary reveals that the esoteric interests that marked Schlegels late phase were more significant than generally acknowledged and that his interest in magnetism illuminates an aesthetic aspect of the history of psychoanalysis. (LJ)
A Tale of Two Cities: The Metropolis in Lou Andreas-Salomé's Fenitschka
Authors: Deiulio Laura
Published: March 2008

This article analyzes the representations of Paris and St. Petersburg in Lou Andreas-Salomés 1898 novella Fenitschka . In Paris, which is dominated by the male gaze, the female title character becomes ensnared in gender expectations that constrain her behavior. In St. Petersburg, on the other hand, even though gossip remains a threat to her reputation and social standing, she seems to enjoy great freedom of development. In her depictions of St. Petersburg, Andreas-Salomé employs well-known myths of that city as representing an underdeveloped urban culture. This narrative strategy allows her to create a metaphor for womens different experience of modernity. (LD)
Double Visions: Queer Femininity and Holocaust Film from Ostatni Etap to Aimée & Jaguar
Authors: Gelbin Cathy S.
Published: March 2008

This article argues for a complex consideration of queer iconographies across Holocaust perpetrators, victims, bystanders, and resisters. Looking at the construction of same-sex sexual conduct in Holocaust memoirs, I propose sexual manifestations as an important issue in power relations between women during the Holocaust. From there, I chart the shifting construction of queer femininity and its role in Holocaust representation from early socialist cinema to contemporary film. I show how queer femininity initially assisted in drawing attention to the extreme perversity of Nazism, and how post-1980s lesbian-feminist films draw on the lesbian to rewrite women into victims and resisters. (CG)
Abu'l-Qasim Afnan (19192004)
Authors: Ayman Iraj
Published: April 2008

Abu'l-Qsim Afnn, the last custodian of the House of the Bab in Shiraz before the recent revolution in Iran, was born in Shiraz on 19 March 1919 and passed away in England on 22 October 2004. He was the eldest son of Mirza Habbu'llh Afnn and gh Bigum Afnn.
Baha'i Approaches to Christianity and Islam: Further Thoughts on Developing an Inter-Religious Dialogue
Authors: Fazel Seena
Published: April 2008

This paper aims to present a novel Baha'i contribution to inter-religious dialogue, one that is based on developing intellectual bridges between the religions. It is argued that the concept of continuity of revelation is a framework by which religions can dialogue about their differences
and similarities. Some preliminary aspects of this concept are outlined from scripture and current scholarship in Christianity and Islam. There are three aspects to continuity of revelation: commonalities between the religions, non-exclusivity and non-finality in relation to their claims.
The paper concludes that a central theme of inter-religious dialogue should be the nature and lives of the prophet-founders. In the context of Christian Muslim dialogue, the challenge that the prophetic career of Muhammad represents for Christians is discussed in relation to Abdu'l-Baha's
talks in the West. Finally, the importance for Baha'is of contributing to the western discourse on Islam is explored.
The Modes and Intentions of Biography
Authors: Hassall Graham
Published: April 2008

This paper explores a range of modes, intentions and problems of Baha'i biography, in order to offer some initial observations on the ways in which biographical literatures frame understandings of the individual in the context of community. It distinguishes between documentary, hagiological
and critical modes of biography as these have emerged in the diverse literature of the world's religious traditions, as well as in the secular literature of the modern period. It suggests that much Baha'i biography has continued the traditions of remembrance and exempla, although more critical
works have also begun to appear. The quest to write spiritual biographies that explore a subject's inner life and journey remains difficult, due mostly to limitations on sources, since few subjects give adequate exposure to their inner thoughts. Rather than privilege one tradition above any
other, Baha'i biographies have to date drawn on the skills of the craft elaborated across generations, religions and cultures, while beginning to draw also on Baha'i scripture for inspiration productive of new insights into how lived lives can be depicted in literature.
Imagining Baha'i Law
Authors: Danesh Roshan
Published: April 2008

Commentary on Udo Schaefer, An Introduction to Baha'i Law: Doctrinal Foundations, Principles and Structures, Journal of Law and Religion, vol. 18, no. 2 (20023) 30772 (available at http://www.udoschaefer.com/pdffiles/introduction20bahai-law.pdf).
Introducing Heterogeneity into Brittle Fracture Modeling of a 22NiMoCr37 Ferritic Steel Ring Forging
Authors: Zhao Xinglong , Lidbury David , da Fonseca João Quinta , Sherry Andrew
Published: April 2008

Microstructural observations of the 22NiMoCr37 “EURO” reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel ring forging reveal that there is a banded structure along the radial direction, composed of alternate layers rich in bainite and ferrite of wavelength ∼1.5 ±0.75 mm. Heterogeneity at this meso (millimetre)-scale as well as at the micro (micrometre)-scale is currently not considered by conventional fracture mechanics. This paper describes the development of two numerical approaches aimed at incorporating such heterogeneity into the Beremin local approach model of cleavage failure, a model that has been used extensively for predicting the brittle fracture of ferritic RPV steels. The approaches developed combine the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) with continuum finite element analysis (FEA). CPFEM is applied to predict stress distributions at the microscale and to obtain phase-specific yield and flow properties for continuum FEA that derives stresses at the mesoscale. The results confirm that deformation heterogeneity on the micro- and mesoscales influences the local development of stress. At the microscale, the stress distribution within a representative volume of material located within the crack-tip plastic zone is shown to follow a normal distribution with a ratio of mean stress to standard deviation tending towards 0.1. These results indicate local stress levels that are within approximately ±20 % of those derived using continuum FEA. At the mesoscale, a periodic variation of stress is predicted within the larger representative volume. This variation is less dramatic than that observed at the microscale, though it still gives a spatial variation in maximum principal stress of approximately ±7 % between bainite- and ferrite-rich microstructural regions. These results suggest a significant influence of deformation heterogeneity on local stress levels, particularly at the microscale. However, the conventional Beremin cleavage fracture model, modified to account for microscale stress distribution, predicts only a modest influence of deformation heterogeneity on cleavage fracture probability, increasing Pf by just 5 %. This highlights the need to account for both the spatial variation in cleavage initiation sites as well as the distribution in stress throughout the microstructure. The paper describes one approach for this development.
Transient left ventricular apical ballooning after physical exercise
Authors: Vértesaljai Márton , Szőke Sándor , Szőnyi Tibor , Piróth Zsolt , Fontos Géza , Szüts Krisztina , Szegedi Margit , Böhm Tamás , Andréka Péter
Published: April 2008

A 43-year-old woman with mild hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus was presented to the coronary care unit because of ongoing chest pain and associated dyspnea after physical exercise. On arrival, her ECG disclosed ST-segment elevations in the precordial leads. The emergent cardiac catheterization failed to demonstrate coronary artery disease. The prompt performed transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated systolic dysfunction with apical ballooning. Akinetic segments were irrespective of coronary artery anatomy. Laboratory tests revealed only slightly elevated cardiac enzymes: we observed a significant discrepancy between the extent of akinesis and the minimal increase in cardiac necroenzymes. The patient was medically managed and discharged in stable condition, with follow-up at 4 weeks demonstrating nearly total recovery of cardiac function and total resolution of wall motion disorder. Her clinical presentation is consistent with that of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy, a syndrome that is characterized by transient apical regional wall motion abnormalities in the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease. Main precipitating factor is thought to be the cathecolamin excess due to emotional or physical stress, subarachnoid heamorrhage, phaeochromocytoma or cocaine use. The authors report the first physical exercise induced tako-tsubo syndrome in the Hungarian medical literature.
Diel Periodicity of Fish Sound Production in Charlotte Harbor, Florida
Authors: Locascio James V. , Mann David A.
Published: April 2008

Diel periodicity in sound production of estuarine fishes was documented in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, from 7 May to 10 June 2003. A long‐term acoustic recording system was used to record 10 s of sound every 10 min within the frequency range of 0‐1,250 Hz. Diel patterns in fish sound production were well defined throughout the study period. Chorusing events dominated by sand seatrout Cynoscion arenarius reached a mean daily (24‐h period) maximum sound pressure level of 117 dB relative to a reference effective pressure of 1 μPa. Mean daily chorus start and end times were 1726 and 0210 hours Eastern Standard Time, respectively, and chorus events lasted an average of 8.7 h. Other species recorded on most nights included the Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta, spotted seatrout C. nebulosus, and silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura. The results from this study demonstrate how this technology can be scaled to examine spawning soniferous fishes across large spatial and temporal scales.
Pain in Parkinson’s disease: analysis of 50 cases in a clinic of movement disorders
Authors: Silva Elton Gomes da , Viana Maura Aparecida , Quagliato Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius
Published: April 2008

INTRODUCTION: Pain is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), and is often related to the illness itself. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively establish the ocurrence of pain in PD patients. METHOD: This study was conducted within a population composed of 50 patients with PD to evaluate the presence of pain. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients reported pain; comparing the group with pain and the group without pain, there were no differences related to the beginning of the illness and the motor symptoms of PD. However, many patients related an improvement of pain when antiparkinsonian therapy was initiated or adjusted. CONCLUSION: The use of techniques for analgesia and the adjustment of PD medication contribute to improve the manifestations of pain and the life quality of patients with PD.
Stroke in patients with sickle cell disease: clinical and neurological aspects
Authors: Oliveira Carolina Camargo de , Ciasca Sylvia Maria , Moura-Ribeiro M. Valeriana L.
Published: April 2008

The aim of this study was to characterize a group of patients (n=8) with sickle cell disease (SCD) and ischemic stroke concerning the clinical, neurological, imaging and progressive aspects. Data were collected from records and completed with an interview of patients and their parents. In this study there were 8 patients with ages ranging from 10 to 23 years old; SCD diagnosis was given between one and two years of age with clinical features of fatigue and anemia. The stroke was ischemic in all individuals and the first cerebrovascular event occurred before 6 years of age; 3 patients had recurrence of stroke despite prophylactic blood transfusion therapy and both cerebral hemispheres were affected in 4 patients. Clinical and neurological current features observed were: acute pain crises, sialorrhea, mouth breathing, motor, and neuropsychological impairments resulting from cortical-subcortical structure lesions.
Language brain dominance in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparative study between functional magnetic resonance imaging and dichotic listening test
Authors: Fontoura Denise Ren da , Branco Daniel de Moraes , Anés Mauricio , Costa Jaderson Costa da , Portuguez Mirna Wetters
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE: To identify brain dominance for language functions with DLT and correlate these results with those obtained from fMRI in patients suffering from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. METHOD: This study reports on 13 patients who underwent pre-surgical epileptic evaluation between April and October 2004 at the Epilepsy Surgery Program, Hospital Sao Lucas, PUCRS. In DLT, dominance was assessed through a consonant-vowel task, whereas in fMRI patients performed a verb generation task. RESULTS: Our results identified a correlation between the fMRI lateralization index and the DLT ear predominance index and reply difference index (r=0.6, p=0.02; Pearson Correlation Coefficient), showing positive correlation between results obtained from fMRI and DLT. CONCLUSION: DLT was found to significantly correlate with fMRI. These findings indicate that DLT (a non-invasive procedure) could be a useful tool to evaluate language brain dominance in pre-surgical epileptic patients as it is cheaper to perform than fMRI.
Diffusion-weighted MR images and pineoblastoma: diagnosis and follow-up
Authors: Gasparetto Emerson L. , Cruz Jr L. Celso Hygino da , Doring Thomas M. , Araújo Bertha , Dantas Mário Alberto , Chimelli Leila , Domingues Romeu C.
Published: April 2008

Pineoblastomas are uncommon pineal tumors, which demonstrate rapid growing and poor prognosis. We report the case of a 43-year-old man with an enhancing pineal region mass, which showed restriction of the diffusion on diffusion-weighted (DW) MR images. The surgical biopsy defined the diagnosis of pineoblastoma and the therapy was initiated with radiation and chemotherapy. Three months later, the follow-up MR imaging showed areas suggestive of necrosis and the DW images demonstrate no significant areas of restricted diffusion. The differential diagnosis of pineal region masses that could show restriction of diffusion is discussed.
Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: a critical review
Authors: Lana-Peixoto Marco Aurélio
Published: April 2008

Devic's neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating and necrotizing disease characterized by predominant involvement of the optic nerves and spinal cord. In Asian countries relapsing NMO has been known as opticospinal multiple sclerosis. It has long been debated if NMO is a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) or a distinct disease. Recent studies have shown that NMO has more frequently a relapsing course, and results from attack to aquaporin-4 which is the dominant water channel in the central nervous system, located in foot processes of the astrocytes. Distinctive pathological features of NMO include perivascular deposition of IgG and complement in the perivascular space, granulocyte and eosinophil infiltrates and hyalinization of the vascular walls. These features distinguish NMO from other demyelinating diseases such as MS and acute demyelinating encephalomyelopathy. An IgG-antibody that binds to aquaporin-4, named NMO-IgG has high sensitivity and specificity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed that more frequently there is a long spinal cord lesion that extends through three or more vertebral segments in length. Brain MRI lesions atypical for MS are found in the majority of cases. Treatment in the acute phase includes intravenous steroids and plasma exchange therapy. Immunosupressive agents are recommended for prophylaxis of relapses.
Programa de Saúde da Família: um espaço para a reconstrução das representações sociais do processo saúde-doença?
Authors: Gomes Liane Oliveira Souza , Aguiar Maria Geralda Gomes
Published: April 2008

Estudo qualitativo investigou as representações sociais do processo saúde-doença de famílias acompanhadas pelo PSF na zona rural de Lafaiete Coutinho-BA, objetivando analisar as representações sociais das famílias acerca do processo saúde doença. A técnica de coleta foi a entrevista semi-estruturada com 23 membros das famílias. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para a compreensão dos núcleos de sentido. Os resultados apontam que o PSF interfere na reconstrução das representações sociais do processo saúde-doença, através da organização dos serviços de saúde e da produção social da saúde. Conclui-se que o PSF vem contribuindo para a democratização do conhecimento do processo saúde-doença, contudo é preciso desmistificar valores culturais reforçados por um modelo de atenção que enfatizava a cura de doenças.