bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Patternmaker’s Proficiency On the Creation of Clothing
Authors: Kim Kyoungok , Otani Tsuyoshi , Takatera Masayuki
Published: September 2016

The effect of the patternmaker’s proficiency on the creation of clothing was investigated by the observation of the patternmaking process for clothing that satisfies the designer. We asked Japanese and French patternmakers to make a clothing pattern for the same design. The reasons for the differences in resultant clothing patterns and toiles made by the two patternmakers are discussed. Although the patternmaking processes used by the proficient patternmakers were similar, the resultant patterns were different owing to different recognition of the design. In particular, the shape and size of the collar that the designer emphasized in the illustration were different in the resultant patterns. Differences in patternmaking originated from differences in the patternmakers′ levels of expertise in terms of education, experience, and proficiency. However, the designer was satisfied with both patterns.
Development Of Multistitched Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanocomposite And Evaluation Of Its Mechanical And Impact Properties
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Ozdemir Huseyin , Kaya Gaye
Published: September 2016

Multistitched three-dimensional (3D) woven E-glass/polyester/nanosilica composite (MNS) was developed. Its mechanical and impact performances were characterized for particular end-use applications. It was found that the warp-weft directional tensile strength and modulus of MNS structure were higher than those of the off-axis directions. In addition, there was not a big difference between warp and weft directional bending and short beam strengths of MNS structure. The MNS structure had a small damaged area under low velocity impact load. The failure was confined at a narrow area because of multistitching and nanomaterial and resulted in the catastrophic fiber breakages in the normal direction of the applied load of the structure. The results from the study indicated that the multistitching and the addition of nanosilica in the composite structure improved its damage tolerance.
Software-based smart factory networking
Authors: Bauer Robert , Bless Roland , Haas Christian , Jung Markus , Zitterbart Martina
Published: September 2016

This paper describes a framework for software-based networking in smart factories (SF) that enables them to easily adapt
the communication network to changing requirements. Similar to cloud-based systems, such SFs could be seen as production
clusters that could be rented and configured as needed. The SF network utilizes software-defined networking (SDN) combined
with network functions virtualization (NFV) in order to achieve the required flexibility. This paper presents and
discusses our vision of a network architecture for SFs based on SDN and network virtualization in order to
support smart services especially for Industrie 4.0. Despite the fact that the technology is nowadays not yet ready for
deployment in today's manufacturing networks, we present a framework for software-defined factory networks and discuss
possible challenges and benefits.
European Migration Crisis: Positions, Polarization and Conflict Management of Slovak Political Parties
Authors: Mihálik Jaroslav , Jankoľa Matúš
Published: September 2016

This paper studies the different positions and the polarization among Slovak political elites due to the European migration crisis and the Union´s migration policy. The inability of collective action at the supranational level is first grounded at the national level. From this basis, the authors differentiate the various standpoints of the selected political leaders and parties towards the current migration wave. Based on this cleavage, we seek to demonstrate the patterns of modern day political party leadership in Slovakia and, secondly, to compare the political response and agendas across the Slovak party system.
A report from XIX Schizophrenia Forum Conference in Warsaw
Authors: Dziwota Ewelina , Dziwota Kamila , Olajossy Marcin
Published: September 2016

On 10-11th March in Warsaw, in the Conference Center Muranow, there was held a scientific conference “Schizophrenia-Forum”, organized for the nineteenth time. In this edition, particular attention was paid to educational aspects, by virtue of the fact that among the participants of the Conference there was a large number of young physicians specializing in psychiatry.

The formula of the two-day Conference based on the experts’ debates in a particular way affected the participants, so the conference was very interesting, it enabled the exchange of experiences and reflections on the problems of schizophrenia. The conference was attended by leading scientists and clinicians, for example: Marek Jarema, Janusz Rybakowski, Andrzej Czernikiewicz, Jerzy Samochowiec, Dominika Dudek and others, which is why it allowed to enrich the knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of psychotic disorders and good presentation of mature clinical thinking. The organizer of the Conference was the Foundation III Department of Psychiatry, “Syntonia” and the guest of honor was Dr. Peter Falkai - Head of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. The lecture by Professor Falkaia entitled Schizophrenia treatment guidelines, at a plenary lecture, was presented in English, translated simultaneously, and was divided into parts: the characteristics of schizophrenia, guidelines for pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia - states of acute pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia - long-term treatment, side effects of long-term pharmacotherapy and conclusions. After a two-day Conference the hugely popular workshop sessions took place. They were addressed to physicians during specialization. All workshop sessions were very popular, as well as the entire conference, which became a forum for the exchange of information, ideas and experiences, sometimes intriguing, inspiring and innovative but never blank. At the end of the Conference the certificates were distributed and there was the opportunity for guests - visiting the permanent exhibition “1000 years of history of Polish Jews,” Polin, located at the Conference Centre Muranow. XIX Conference on Schizophrenia Forum 2016 was an interesting event cognitively and it maintained a high level of scientific and substantive jurisdiction important events in Polish psychiatry.
Kähler–Einstein metrics and the Kähler–Ricci flow on log Fano varieties
Authors: Berman Robert J. , Boucksom Sebastien , Eyssidieux Philippe , Guedj Vincent , Zeriahi Ahmed
Published: September 2016

We prove the existence and uniqueness of Kähler–Einstein metrics on

ℚ

{{\mathbb{Q}}}

-Fano varieties with log terminal singularities (and more generally on log Fano pairs) whose Mabuchi functional is proper. We study analogues of the works of Perelman on the convergence of the normalized Kähler–Ricci flow, and of Keller, Rubinstein on its discrete version, Ricci iteration. In the special case of (non-singular) Fano manifolds, our results on Ricci iteration yield smooth convergence without any additional condition, improving on previous results. Our result for the Kähler–Ricci flow provides weak convergence independently of Perelman’s celebrated estimates.
Numerical Model to Quantify the Influence of the Cellulosic Substrate on the Ignition Propensity Tests
Authors: Guindos Pablo , Michel Christian , Weichert Cindy
Published: September 2016

A numerical model based on the finite element method has been constructed to simulate the ignition propensity (IP) tests. The objective of this mathematical model was to quantify the influence of different characteristics of the cellulosic substrate on the results of the IP-tests. The creation and validation of the model included the following steps: (I) formulation of the model based on experimental thermodynamic characteristics of the cellulosic substrate; (ii) calibration of the model according to cone calorimeter tests; (iii) validation of the model through mass loss and temperature profiling during IP-testing. Once the model was validated, the influence of each isolated parameter of the cellulosic substrate was quantified via a parametric study. The results revealed that the substrate heat capacity, the cigarette temperature and the pyrolysis activation energy are the most influencing parameters on the thermodynamic response of the substrates, while other parameters like heat of the pyrolysis reaction, density and roughness of the substrate showed little influence. Also the results indicated that the thermodynamic mechanisms involved in the pyrolysis and combustion of the cellulosic substrate are complex and show low repeatability which might impair the reliability of the IP-tests.
Blow-up algebras, determinantal ideals, and Dedekind–Mertens-like formulas
Authors: Corso Alberto , Nagel Uwe , Petrović Sonja , Yuen Cornelia
Published: September 2016

We investigate Rees algebras and special fiber rings obtained by blowing up specialized Ferrers ideals. This class of monomial ideals includes strongly stable monomial ideals generated in degree two and edge ideals of prominent classes of graphs. We identify the equations of these blow-up algebras. They generate determinantal ideals associated to subregions of a generic symmetric matrix, which may have holes. Exhibiting Gröbner bases for these ideals and using methods from Gorenstein liaison theory, we show that these determinantal rings are normal Cohen–Macaulay domains that are Koszul, that the initial ideals correspond to vertex decomposable simplicial complexes, and we determine their Hilbert functions and Castelnuovo–Mumford regularities. As a consequence, we find explicit minimal reductions for all Ferrers and many specialized Ferrers ideals, as well as their reduction numbers. These results can be viewed as extensions of the classical Dedekind–Mertens formula for the content of the product of two polynomials.
Structure and tectonic evolution of the NE segment of the Polish-Ukrainian Carpathians during the Late Cenozoic: subsurface cross-sections and palinspastic models
Authors: Kuśmierek Jan , Baran Urszula
Published: September 2016

The discrepant arrangement of the Carpathian nappes and syntectonic deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep reveals the oroclinal migration of the subduction direction of the platform margin during the Late Cenozoic. Formation of the nappes was induced by their detachment from disintegrated segments of the European Platform; the segments were shortened as a result of their vertical rotation in zones of compressional sutures. It finds expression in local occurrence of the backward vergence of folding against the generally forward vergence toward the Carpathian Foredeep. The precompressional configuration of sedimentation areas of particular nappes was reconstructed with application of the palinspastic method, on the basis of the hitherto undervalued model which emphasizes the influence of the subduction and differentiated morphology of the platform basement on the tectonic evolution of the fold and thrust belt. Superposition of the palaeogeographic representations and the present geometry of the orogen allows understanding of the impact of the magnitudes of tectonic displacements on the differentiation of the geological structure in the NE segment of the Carpathians. The differentiation has inspired different views of Polish and Ukrainian geologists on structural classification and evolution of the frontal thrusts.
Kinematic evolution and quantification of deformation in external orogenic zones: a case study from the Tunisian Atlas
Authors: Bensalem Mohamed Sadok , Amamria Soulef , Ghanmi Mohamed , Zargouni Fouad
Published: September 2016

The quantification of deformation is one of the main objectives studied by geologists in order to control the evolution of tectonic structures and their kinematics during different tectonic phases. One of the most reliable methods of this theme is the direct calculation of quantity of deformation based on field data, while respecting several parameters such as the notion of tectonic inheritance and reactivation of pre-existing faults, or the relationship between the elongation and shortening axis with major faults. Thus, such a quantification of deformation in an area may explain the relations of thin- and thick-skinned tectonics during this deformation. The study of structural evolution of the Jebel Elkebar domain in the southern-central Tunisian Atlas permits us to quantify the deformation during the extensional phase by a direct calculation of the vertical throw along normal faults. This approach is verified by calculation of thickness of eroded strata in the uplifted compartment and of resedimented series, named the Kebar Formation, in the downthrown compartment. The obtained results confirm the importance of the Aptian-Albian extensional tectonic regime. The extent of deformation during the compressional phase, related to reactivation of pre-existing faults, is less than that of extensional phases; indeed the compressive reactivation did not compensate the vertical throw of normal faults. The geometry of the Elkebar fold is interpreted in terms of the “fault-related fold” model with a décollement level in the Triassic series. This permitted the partition of deformation between the basement and cover, so that the basement was allowed for a limited transport only, and the maximum of observed deformation was concentrated in the thin-skinned tectonics.
Optimization of the recipe for the synthesis of CuInS2/ZnS nanocrystals supported by mechanistic considerations
Authors: Fu Min , Luan Weiling , Tu Shan-Tung , Mleczko Leslaw
Published: September 2016

CuInS2/ZnS (CIS/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) with high photoluminescence (PL) were synthesized via a facile solvothermal approach. Gaussian deconvolution of PL spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and time-resolved PL spectroscopies were used to characterize the emission properties of the prepared CIS and CIS/ZnS QDs. It was found that the growth of ZnS can reduce the surface defect acting as traps to minimize donor-acceptor emissions, and the contribution of band to donor/acceptor transition becomes a dominating emission with the increase of shell growth time. The blue shift of PL emission wavelength of CIS/ZnS QDs underwent two steps: the dramatic blue shift originated from the decreased fraction donor-acceptor transition due to the reduction of surface defects at the beginning and the subsequently mild blue-shift with the time from the interdiffusion of CIS and ZnS. The effect of trioctylphosphine (TOP) and dodecanethiol (DDT) as ligands during shell growth on the optical properties of QDs were investigated and compared. The PL quantum yield (QY) of CIS core affects the final value of CIS/ZnS QDs, and the higher PL QY is achieved while using CIS core with higher PL QY. Based on the selected ligand DDT, the reaction parameters, such as CIS core reaction time, shell growth time, and Zn/Cu feed molar ratio, were further optimized. CIS/ZnS QDs with high PL QY can be obtained with a Zn/Cu feed molar ratio larger than 4, shell growth time of 30 to 90 min, and shell growth temperature 220°C–240°C, and the maximum value was up to about 80% by adjusting the above-mentioned parameters.
Enzymatic synthesis of methyl β-d-glucoside directly from cellulose pretreated with biocompatible amino acid ionic liquid/cosolvent
Authors: Tao Juan , Kishimoto Takao , Hamada Masahiro , Nakajima Noriyuki
Published: September 2016

A new approach for the enzymatic synthesis of methyl β-d-glucoside was proposed, based on commercially available cellulase and cellulose pretreated with phosphonium-based amino acid ionic liquid/cosolvent. The pretreatments were quite effective and methyl β-d-glucoside was successfully synthesized with 40% yield from cellulose (Avicel) pretreated with tetrabutylphosphonium glycine/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), whereas the yield was only 1.4% from untreated cellulose. Preparative-scale synthesis from 1 g cellulose with a reduced amount of cellulase was also conducted, achieving a 33% isolated yield. Results of additional studies with cellobiose and glucose as substrates have been interpreted as cellulose being first enzymatically hydrolyzed to cellobiose, which then reacted with methanol to produce methyl β-d-glucoside by transglycosylation.
Effect of Temperature Field on Formation of Friction Stir Welding Joints of Ti–6Al–4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Yue Yumei , Wen Quan , Ji Shude , Ma Lin , Lv Zan
Published: September 2016

In order to investigate the formation mechanism of tunnel defect produced near the bottom of stir zone (SZ) in friction stir welding joint of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy, the temperature distribution during welding process was analyzed by numerical simulation and experiment. Results show that macrostructure morphology of SZ in cross section presents “bowl” shape owing to the characteristic of temperature distribution. Obvious temperature gradient appears along the thickness direction of joint. Decreasing rotational velocity reduces peak temperature and temperature gradient, which is beneficial to eliminate tunnel defect.
Influence of Ni Additions on the Viscosity of Liquid Al2Cu
Authors: Mudry S. , Vus V. , Yakymovych A.
Published: September 2016

The viscosity of the liquid Al–Cu–Ni alloys has been studied by means of an oscillating crucible method. The activation energy of viscous flow was estimated from temperature dependences of the viscosity. The analysis of concentration dependence of the viscosity across a section Al67Cu33–Ni reveals its negative deviation from the linear dependence. Such behaviour of the viscosity coefficient upon additions of Ni into the liquid Al67Cu33 alloy could be caused by change of the interaction parameters between different structural units in the investigated melts.
The Enhancing Effect of Microwave Irradiation and Ultrasonic Wave on the Recovery of Zinc Sulfide Ores
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhang Libo , Lv Chao , Li Shiwei , Peng Jinhui , Ma Aiyuan , Chen Weiheng , Xie Feng
Published: September 2016

A novel process for the treatment of zinc sulfide ores is discussed in this paper, which consists of two procedures: microwave roasting pretreatment and synergistic chelation. What’s more, the reaction mechanism also has been studied. By comparing XRD patterns before and after roasting, it can be concluded that microwave truly alleviates the reaction energy, and adding Na2O2 avoids the emission of SO2. % recovery of zinc can reaches 72.47 % on conditions of adding Na2O2 25 %, microwave activating temperature 500 °C, holding time 10 min, leaching temperature 40 °C, ultrasonic wave power 1,800 W, leaching time 4.5 h and solid to liquid ratio 10:1 in ammonium chloride solution whose total ammonium concentrate is 7.5 mol/L (c(NH3)T=7.5 mol/L). The molar ratio of NH4Cl and NH3·H2O is 1:1 (c(NH4Cl): c(NH3·H2O)=1:1). The effect of ultrasonic wave power in this process is to shorten reaction time.
The differences in fat accumulation and distribution in female students according to their level of activity
Authors: Stachoń Aleksandra , Pietraszewska Jadwiga , Burdukiewicz Anna , Andrzejewska Justyna
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The appropriate percentage of body fat is essential for women’s health and biological condition. both accumulation of fat and distribution pattern of adipose tissue are connected with health risk, which justifies the investigation and permanent monitoring of their diversity in different sub-populations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the percentage of body fat and its distribution in female students representing different physical activity levels.

Methods

Fat proportion was estimated with use of classic anthropometric method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The distribution of subcutaneous fat was calculated including waist and hip circumferences, and extremities and trunk skinfolds. The participants’ level of physical activity was determined according to the IPAQ questionnaire.

Results

Analysis showed that female students with medium level of physical activity had 26.5 ± 5.1% of total body fat estimated by BIA, whereas in the most active females almost 3% lower total body fat values were common. The bioelectrical impedance analysis indicated about 8% higher body fat content than classic anthropometry. Examined skinfolds revealed a tendency to decrease with increasing physical activity. The distribution pattern of subcutaneous fat varied according to level of activity.

Conclusions

The study showed that estimation of fat content in young women differed depending on the applied method and the level of physical activity. We emphasize the need to select adequate reference data for measurement methods and consider the level of physical activity during fat percentage assessment. Another conclusion is that the high level of physical activity is connected with masculinization of subcutaneous fat pattern, both in extremities/trunk fat proportion and waist/hip proportion.
Effects of an eleven-week pilates exercise program on progressive-speed walking capacity in sedentary young women: a pilot study
Authors: Rodrigues Alan Queiroz , Martins Fábio Mendonça , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho , Figueiredo Pedro Scheidt , Lima Márcia Oliveira , Vieira Edgar Ramos
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To assess the effects of an 11-week Pilates exercise program on the functional capacity of young sedentary women.

Methods

Ten subjects underwent the shuttle walking test. A portable metabolic system was used during the shuttle walking
test to measure the maximum heart rate and VO2 max. The heart rate recovery and the predicted maximal heart rate were also assessed.

Results

The findings showed increased walking distance, maximum heart rate and heart rate recovery after completing
the protocol. The peak of VO2 was not significantly different but showed a tendency to increase, being significantly correlated
with the covered distance.

Conclusions

The current results suggest that Pilates exercises significantly improve walking functional capacity.
The H-reflex as an important indicator in kinesiology
Authors: Gajewski Jan , Mazur-Różycka Joanna
Published: September 2016

Hoffmann’s reflex (the H-reflex) is an electrically-induced reflex that is analogous to the mechanically-induced stretch reflex controlled by the spinal cord. The most common measurements performed concerns the electrical response of the soleus muscle electrical stimulation in the tibial nerve. The response is induced by a discharge occurring in a motoneuron. The latency time of the H-reflex for the soleus muscle amounts to 30–40 ms. An increase in the strength of the stimulus induces a direct response from the muscle, i.e. the M-wave. The latency time of the M-wave amounts to 4–5 ms. A sport training may affect the parameters of the H-reflex. The Hmax/Mmax ratio is the highest among persons engaged in endurance sports and the lowest among those practising speed and strength sports. A decreased amplitude of the H-reflex characterises the level of the central fatigue, while a decrease in the M-wave amplitude is attributed to the peripheral fatigue. Usually, a decrease in Hmax/Mmax ratio is observed post-exercise. Different times of recovery were reported in the literature. No clear quantitative laws have yet been established that govern the course of the reflex as a result of fatigue. The H-reflex still remains within the scope of the interests of

kinesiology as a valuable source of information about the reflex functions in the human motor system.
From the History of Conferences on the Machine and Mechanism Science
Authors: Wojnarowski J.
Published: September 2016

In the course of the past sixty years of the Polish Committee for the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (PC TMM) 24 scientific and didactic conferences have been held. The subject matter of these conferences, generally organized every other year, comprised problems of the classification, analysis and synthesis of mechanisms, the dynamics of machine systems, investigations concerning self-excited vibrations, the stability of the systems, the control of machines and biomechanics. The numbers of submitted papers as well as the number of participants substantiate the need of organizing such conferences, their importance and the activity of the Polish Committee of TMM for the purpose of creating a platform for the presentation and discussion of new research methods in the domain of mechanisms, machines, biomechanics and mechatronics.
Innovation of MMS with Inspiration from the Past
Authors: Ceccarelli M.
Published: September 2016

This survey is a critical overview of main aspects and topics of today’s research and innovation, with specific focus on MMS, while looking at past developments and achievements through few significant examples. Thus, we can discover that most of the today’s ideas and concepts have already been explored and exploited in the past. Nevertheless, today we have the great challenge of technology that permits advanced technical results that were not possible in the past within the practical innovation that today more and more is expected from research results.
Effect of Electric Field on Dispersion of a Solute in an MHD Flow through a Vertical Channel With and Without Chemical Reaction
Authors: Umavathi J.C. , Kumar J.P. , Gorla R.S.R. , Gireesha B.J.
Published: September 2016

The longitudinal dispersion of a solute between two parallel plates filled with two immiscible electrically conducting fluids is analyzed using Taylor’s model. The fluids in both the regions are incompressible and the transport properties are assumed to be constant. The channel walls are assumed to be electrically insulating. Separate solutions are matched at the interface using suitable matching conditions. The flow is accompanied by an irreversible first-order chemical reaction. The effects of the viscosity ratio, pressure gradient and Hartman number on the effective Taylor dispersion coefficient and volumetric flow rate for an open and short circuit are drawn in the absence and in the presence of chemical reactions. As the Hartman number increases the effective Taylor diffusion coefficient decreases for both open and short circuits. When the magnetic field remains constant, the numerical results show that for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, the effective Taylor diffusion coefficient decreases with an increase in the reaction rate constant for both open and short circuits.
Peristaltic Flow and Heat Transfer of a Conducting Phan-Thien-Tanner Fluid in an Asymmetric Channel – Application to Chyme Movement in Small Intestine
Authors: Vajravelu K. , Sreenadh S. , Dhananjaya S. , Lakshminarayana P.
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the influence of heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of a conducting Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid in an asymmetric channel with porous medium is studied. The coupled nonlinear governing differential equations are solved by a perturbation technique. The expressions for the temperature field, the stream function, the axial velocity, and the pressure gradient are obtained. The effects of the various physical parameters such as the magnetic parameter M, the permeability parameter σ, the Brinkman number Br and the Weissenberg number We on the pumping phenomenon are analyzed through graphs and the results are discussed in detail. It is observed that the velocity and the pressure are decreased with increasing the magnetic parameter M whereas the effect of the parameter M on the temperature field is quite the opposite.
Application of Graphs in the Analysis of Vibrating 3-Dimensional Systems
Authors: Wojnarowski J.
Published: September 2016

Vibrating 3-dimensional mechanical systems are described by hybrid graphs. By dividing the hybrid graph into a tree and associated co-tree it is possible to describe in terms of matrices: across-flow-variables, stiffness and flexibility. The application of the formalism of graphs makes it possible to analyze mechanical systems in terms of dynamic characteristic and trajectory motion of determinate points.
A Novel Color Parametric Technique for Kinetic Evaluation of Thermal Degradation and Stability of Fresh-Cut Yacon Slices
Authors: Zhu Songming , Hu Feifei , Zhang Qiuting , Yu Yong , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S.
Published: September 2016

Fresh-cut yacon slices were first heat treated (60–80 °C, 5–25 min) and then exposed to air at room temperature for up to 10 min. Color parameters of internal surface were measured and two kinetic models were evaluated: 1) Color degradation during thermal treatment, and 2) Color stability during subsequent air exposure. More severe treatments led to lower color quality but higher stability. The relative white index was the best color parameter and the color changes followed a zero-order kinetics. The temperature dependence of rate constants were evaluated using the Arrhenius model. The activation energy for color degradation was 14.7 kJ/mol, and for color stability it was 47.9 kJ/mol indicating color stability parameters to be more sensitive to temperatures than color degradation. The color parameter models developed were comparable to polyphenoloxidase inactivation model and provided a rapid physical method for evaluating color degradation and subsequent color stability of yacon slices.
Cyclic extensions of finite simple groups
Authors: Gagola III Stephen M. , Grishkov Alexander N.
Published: September 2016

Here cyclic extensions, not necessarily split, of simple groups are looked at. It is shown that if N is a finite simple group that is either an abelian group, an alternating group, a Suzuki group, a projective special linear group or a sporadic simple group and

G
=

〈
N
,
u
〉

${G=\langle N,u\rangle}$

is a cyclic extension of N resulting in a Moufang loop, then

〈
N
,

u
2

〉

${\langle N,u^{2}\rangle}$

is a group.
Moreover, if G is nonassociative, then G is a generalization of the Chein loop where u inverts all of the elements of N.
Hausdorff dimension in R-analytic profinite groups
Authors: Fernández-Alcober Gustavo A. , Giannelli Eugenio , González-Sánchez Jon
Published: September 2016

We study the Hausdorff dimension of R-analytic subgroups in an infinite R-analytic profinite group, where R is a pro-p ring whose associated graded ring is an integral domain.
In particular, we prove that the set of such Hausdorff dimensions is a finite subset of the rational numbers.
An axiomatizable profinite group with infinitely many open subgroups of index 2
Authors: Porath Or Ben , Shusterman Mark
Published: September 2016

We show that a profinite group with the same first-order theory as the direct product over all odd primes p of the dihedral group of order

2
⁢
p

{2p}

, is necessarily isomorphic to this direct product.
Hollow metal nanostructures for enhanced plasmonics: synthesis, local plasmonic properties and applications
Authors: Genç Aziz , Patarroyo Javier , Sancho-Parramon Jordi , Bastús Neus G. , Puntes Victor , Arbiol Jordi
Published: September 2016

Metallic nanostructures have received great attention due to their ability to generate surface plasmon resonances, which are collective oscillations of conduction electrons of a material excited by an electromagnetic wave. Plasmonic metal nanostructures are able to localize and manipulate the light at the nanoscale and, therefore, are attractive building blocks for various emerging applications. In particular, hollow nanostructures are promising plasmonic materials as cavities are known to have better plasmonic properties than their solid counterparts thanks to the plasmon hybridization mechanism. The hybridization of the plasmons results in the enhancement of the plasmon fields along with more homogeneous distribution as well as the reduction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) quenching due to absorption. In this review, we summarize the efforts on the synthesis of hollow metal nanostructures with an emphasis on the galvanic replacement reaction. In the second part of this review, we discuss the advancements on the characterization of plasmonic properties of hollow nanostructures, covering the single nanoparticle experiments, nanoscale characterization via electron energy-loss spectroscopy and modeling and simulation studies. Examples of the applications, i.e. sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photothermal ablation therapy of cancer, drug delivery or catalysis among others, where hollow nanostructures perform better than their solid counterparts, are also evaluated.
Crystal structure of dibromido μ-oxalato-κ2
O,O′:κ2
O′′,O′′′−η6-p-cymenediosmium(II), C22H28Br2O4Os2
Authors: Clayton Hadley S. , Tapala Kgaugelo C. , Lemmerer Andreas
Published: September 2016

C22H28Br2O4Os2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.8433(5)Å, b = 11.8395(5) Å, c = 18.7871(8) Å, V = 2411.87(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0511, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1061, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)ethan-1-one, C23H20F3NO3
Authors: Amr Abd El-Galil E. , Hosni Hanaa M. , Ghabbour Hazem A.
Published: September 2016

C23H20F3NO3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 48.3041(18) Å, b = 6.0540(2) Å, c = 28.5445(11) Å, β = 105.519(2)°, V = 8043.0(5) Å3, Z = 16, R
gt(F) = 0.056, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.140, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile – ethanol (1:1), C21H16N4O8
Authors: Zhou Wei-Hua
Published: September 2016

C21H16N4O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.3222(6) Å, b = 10.8926(7) Å, c = 11.6941(8) Å, α = 78.182(6)°, β = 86.960(6)°, γ = 76.646(6)°, V = 1009.53(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0556, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1850, T = 293 K.
Market-Driven Challenges to Freedom of Expression and the Interaction Between the State, the Market, and the Media
Authors: Svensson Eva-Maria , Edström Maria
Published: September 2016

The controlling function of the media is essential for freedom of expression in a democratic society. One of the pre-conditions of this controlling function is independence in relation not only to the state but also in relation to commercial interests. It is the latter relationship that is the focus of this article.

Recent changes in the media landscape have put pressure on the independence of the media. Commercial interests seem to gain more influence on media content. The distinction between journalism and advertising has become less clear and it is not always maintained despite both legislation and self-regulation that dictate such a division.

The aim of this article is to analyse the consequences of the changes in the media landscape and the challenges posed to the infrastructure for freedom of expression in Sweden, including legislation and self-regulation. The analysis is made with the help of the analytical distinction between market-driven and democracy-driven freedom of expression.
The influence of air conditioning changes on the effective dose due to radon and its short-lived decay products
Authors: Grządziel Dominik , Kozak Krzysztof , Mazur Jadwiga , Połednik Bernard , Dudzińska Marzenna R. , Bilska Izabela
Published: September 2016

Most people spend the majority of their time in indoor environments where the level of harmful pollutants is often significantly higher than outdoors. Radon (222Rn) and its decay products are the example of radioactive pollutants. These radioisotopes are the main source of ionizing radiation in non-industrial buildings. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of air-conditioning system on radon and its progeny concentrations and thus on the effective dose. The measurements were carried out in the auditorium at the Environmental Engineering Faculty (Lublin University of Technology, Poland). Measurements of radon and its progeny (in attached and unattached fractions) as well as measurements of the following indoor air parameters were performed in two air-conditioning (AC) operation modes: AC ON and AC ON/OFF. The air supply rate and air recirculation were taken into consideration. The separation of radon progeny into attached and unattached fractions allowed for determining, respectively, the dose conversion factor (DCF) and the inhalation dose for teachers and students in the auditorium. A considerable increase of the mean radon progeny concentrations from 1.2 Bq/m3 to 5.0 Bq/m3 was observed in the AC ON/OFF mode compared to the AC ON mode. This also resulted in the increase of the inhalation dose from 0.005 mSv/y to 0.016 mSv/y (for 200 h/year). Furthermore, the change of the air recirculation rate from 0% to 80% resulted in a decrease of the mean radon concentration from 30 Bq/m3 to 12 Bq/m3 and the reduction of the mean radon progeny concentration from 1.4 Bq/m3 to 0.8 Bq/m3. This resulted in the reduction of the inhalation dose from 0.006 mSv/y to 0.003 mSv/y.
Investigation of the influence of chamber construction parameters on radon exhalation rate
Authors: Kozłowska Beata , Mazur Jadwiga , Kozak Krzysztof , Walencik-Łata Agata , Baic Błażej
Published: September 2016

Radon exhalation from ground is a process dependent on the emanation and migration of radon through ambient air. Most studies on radon exhalation from soil were performed regarding the influence of meteorological and soil parameters. As radon exhalation rate can be affected by the internal properties of the sample, it may also be influenced by the exhalation chamber geometry such as volume-to-area (V/S) ratio or other construction parameters. The measurements of radon exhalation from soil were made using different constructions of accumulation chamber and two types of radon monitors: RAD7 (Durridge) and AlphaGUARD PQ2000PRO (Genitron). The measurements were performed on one site in two locations and approximately at the same time. The first tests did not show the correlations of exhalation rate values and the chamber’s construction parameters and their geometrical dimensions. However, when examining the results, it seems that there are still too many factors that might have affected the process of radon exhalation. The future experiments are planned to be conducted in controlled laboratory conditions.
Radon permeability of insulating building materials
Authors: Walczak Katarzyna , Olszewski Jerzy , Zmyślony Marek
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the radon permeability coefficient of insulating building materials. Eleven insulating materials were tested. A research setup was developed and it was as follows: a tested material was tightly set on the receiver box’s hole and placed into the radon chamber. The measurements showed that for various insulating materials, radon permeability coefficient varies from 1.26 × 10−10 m2/s for film-like materials to 9.95 × 10−8 m2/s for roofing papers. According to our calculations of all insulating materials, the foil-type insulating materials to ensure the best protection against radon flow from the ground. Comparison of different types of building materials shows that the insulating building materials ensure better radiological protection than regular building constructions materials.
Radon emission rate and analysis of its influencing parameters
Authors: Neugebauer Thomas , Hingmann Hans , Buermeyer Jonas , Grimm Volker , Breckow Joachim
Published: September 2016

The geological and structural conditions define the radon situation inside a building. While the geological realities can be specified by the content of radium-226 and the ratio of radon-222 emitted from the ground the structural conditions are defined by the tightness of the building envelope. The radon concentration inside has an unsteady character, which is caused by meteorological conditions outside and the air change rate (ACH or ACR), which in turn is influenced by the residents’ behaviour such as venting and heating. For the assessment of the radon exposition, it is necessary to perform measurements for a long time. An approach to reduce this time by eliminating the inhabitants influence on the radon concentration is the radon emission rate, also known as radon entry rate. This variable is based on the measurement of the radon concentration and the parallel determination of the air change rate via a tracer gas method, the result expresses a released activity per time. Due to their noisy character, it is necessary to apply a smoothing algorithm to the input parameters. In addition to mean values, the use of window functions, known from digital signal processing, was analysed. For the verification of the whole calculation procedure, simulations and measurements under defined conditions were used. Furthermore, measurements in an uninhabited house showed proof of the capability of the assessment of the radon potential. First examinations of influencing parameters of the radon emission rate showed a possible dependence on the temperature difference inside and outside the building.
Construction of new houses on a uranium vein outcrop: a case study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Goliáš Viktor , Tumurkhuu Gereltsetseg , Kohn Pavel , Šálek Ondřej , Plášil Jakub , Škoda Radek , Soumar Jan
Published: September 2016

Significant uranium mineralization represented by a typical assemblage of uranyl supergene minerals in a quartz-uraninite vein hosted in the exocontact zone of the Variscan-Tanvald granite was found at a new construction site in the municipality of Jablonec n. Nisou. Activities of 222Rn in soil gas reached 1 MBq/m3 around two houses, with a maximum of 3.33 MBq/m3 between them on a uranium ore lens outcrop. The uranium content reaches up to 291 ppm eU (3595 Bq/kg 226Ra), and it is possible to find many ‘hot’ pieces of uranium ore fragments with a high percentage of uranium in the Quaternary cover in this place. This unfavourable situation is a result of an improper spatial planning process. The constructor was given the permission to construct the building even though the construction site did not meet safety requirements and the geological survey had failed. Not only geological prospecting was underestimated, but also the radon risk assessment was undervalued.
The use of multivariate analysis of the radon variability in the underground laboratory and indoor environment
Authors: Filipović Jelena , Maletić Dimitrije , Udovičić Vladimir , Banjanac Radomir , Joković Dejan , Savić Mihailo , Veselinović Nikola
Published: September 2016

The paper presents results of multivariate analysis of variations of radon concentrations in the shallow underground laboratory and a family house, depending on meteorological variables only. All available multivariate classification and regression methods, developed for data analysis in high-energy physics and implemented in the toolkit for multivariate analysis (TMVA) software package in ROOT, are used in the analysis. The result of multivariate regression analysis is a mapped functional behaviour of variations of radon concentration depending on meteorological variables only, which can be used for the evaluation of radon concentration, as well as to help with modelling of variation of radon concentration. The results of analysis of the radon concentration variations in the underground laboratory and real indoor environment, using multivariate methods, demonstrated the potential usefulness of these methods. Multivariate analysis showed that there is a potentially considerable prediction power of variations of indoor radon concentrations based on the knowledge of meteorological variables only. In addition, the online system using the resulting mapped functional behaviour for underground laboratory in the Institute of Physics Belgrade is implemented, and the resulting evaluation of radon concentrations are presented in this paper.
First steps towards national radon action plan in Serbia
Authors: Udovičić Vladimir , Maletić Dimitrije , Eremić Savković Maja , Pantelić Gordana , Ujić Predrag , Čeliković Igor , Forkapić Sofija , Nikezić Dragoslav , Marković Vladimir M. , Arsić Vesna , Ilić Jovana
Published: September 2016

Radon problem has a special attention in many countries in the world and the most of them have established national radon programmes. The radon issues in Serbia have not been approached in a systematic and organized way. Currently, there are many research groups and institutions working in radon field, and it is a good basis to integrate all these activities into a comprehensive national programme to define the strategic objectives and action plan for the next few years. Also, Serbia as a candidate for membership in the EU is obliged to harmonize its legislation, including the field of radiation protection in which the radon issues has an important role. In this report, a brief history of radon research, present status and plans for the future activity on radon issues in Serbia are presented. Regarding the long-term plans, the establishment and implementation of the Radon Action Plan with the primary goal of raising awareness about the harmful effects of public exposure to radon and implementing a set of measures for its reduction. In that sense, the synergy between the national, regional and local organizations responsible for public health and radiation protection must be achieved.
Outdoor radon concentration in China
Authors: Wu Qifan , Pan Ziqiang , Liu Senlin , Wang Chunhong
Published: September 2016

A nationwide survey was conducted in 2014 to investigate environmental outdoor radon level in 33 provincial cities across China. The radon detector used was a passive-type solid-state nuclear track detector, CR-39. Measurements were conducted under the same condition following the quality control programme. Outdoor radon concentrations in China ranged from 3 to 30.0 Bq·m−3. The annual arithmetic and geometric mean radon concentration were 14 and 13.2 Bq·m−3, respectively. The radon concentrations in the locations near or along coastline were lower than the average value, while those located in the inland area were higher. As a whole, the result showed no big difference from the data measured during the period 1983–1998. It demonstrated that the outdoor radon concentration level in China has not been changing remarkably for 20 years.
Results of radon CR-39 detectors exposed in schools due two different long-term periods
Authors: Stojanovska Zdenka , Boev Blazo , Zunic Zora S. , Bossew Peter , Jovevska Svetlana
Published: September 2016

The paper deals with the recent survey of indoor radon (Rn) results in schools, where paired CR-39 detectors were simultaneously exposed to different long-term periods, i.e., one detector was exposed during the whole year and the other one in the period of the school year duration. To be able to compare the results obtained, for its analysis, the relative bias and U tests were used. It was found that there are no systematic differences between the results, which points that the exposure of the detector during summer vacations did not affect the estimated average annual radon concentration. The paired results were modelled by a linear function, giving an extremely high coefficient of determination R
2 = 0.99.
Agrocybe putaminum (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), New for Poland
Authors: Halama Marek
Published: September 2016

Agrocybe putaminum (Maire) Singer, a species hitherto unknown in Poland, is reported from two localities in the southwestern part of the country, with descriptions and illustrations of the morphological characters of the newly collected basidiomata. The delimitation of A. putaminum is briefly discussed, and information on the ecology of the fungus and its world distribution is provided.