bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photon liquefaction in time
Authors: Zubizarreta Casalengua Eduardo , del Valle Elena , Laussy Fabrice P.
Published: June 2024

We provide a mechanism to imprint local temporal correlations in photon streams with a character similar to spatial correlations in liquids. Typical single-photon light, such as that from an incoherently pumped two-level system, corresponds, in this picture, to a (temporal) gas, while uncorrelated light is the ideal gas. We argue that single-photon sources with good antibunching are those that exhibit temporal liquid features, i.e., a plateau for their short-time correlations (as opposed to a linear dependence) and oscillations at later times. This is a manifestation of photon time ordering that provides direct access to the single-photon purity, or probability of each emitted photon being detected, which is not usually available in stationary sources. We obtain general, closed-form analytical expressions for the second-order coherence function of a broad family of “liquid light,” which can be arbitrarily correlated, though never completely crystallized. These results invite us to reconsider what is understood as single-photon sources and how to implement them, as well as to deepen the analogies between time correlations of light and spatial correlations of matter.
Theory of transverse mode instability in fiber amplifiers with multimode excitations
Authors: Wisal Kabish , Chen Chun-Wei , Cao Hui , Stone A. Douglas
Published: June 2024

Transverse Mode Instability (TMI) that results from dynamic nonlinear thermo-optical scattering is the primary limitation to power scaling in high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers. It has been proposed that TMI can be suppressed by exciting multiple modes in a highly multimode fiber. We derive a semi-analytic frequency-domain theory of the threshold for the onset of TMI in narrowband fiber amplifiers under arbitrary multimode input excitation for general fiber geometries. Our detailed model includes the effect of gain saturation, pump depletion, and mode-dependent gain. We show that TMI results from the exponential growth of noise in all the modes at downshifted frequencies due to the thermo-optical coupling. The noise growth rate in each mode is given by the sum of signal powers in various modes weighted by pairwise thermo-optical coupling coefficients. We calculate thermo-optical coupling coefficients for all ∼104 pairs of modes in a standard circular multimode fiber and show that modes with large transverse spatial frequency mismatch are weakly coupled, resulting in a banded coupling matrix. This short-range behavior is due to the diffusive nature of the heat propagation, which mediates the coupling and leads to a lower noise growth rate upon multimode excitation compared to a single mode, resulting in significant TMI suppression. We find that the TMI threshold scales linearly with the number of modes that are excited asymptotically, leading to roughly an order of magnitude increase in the TMI threshold in an 82-mode fiber amplifier.
Investigating molecular interactions between Kaiso and nuclear co-repressor using molecular simulations
Authors: Thapa Bidhya , Adhikari Narayan P.
Published: June 2024

Zinc finger (ZF) protein Kaiso mediates the transcription repression by binding with methylated DNA through ZF domains and recruiting the nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR) complex via its BTB/POZ (Broad complex, Tramtrack, Bric-à-brac/Pox virus and Zinc finger) domain. Investigating the molecular mechanism of interactions of Kaiso with the NCoR protein is essential to understand the role of Kaiso in the transcription repression process. A detailed study on the binding mechanism of Kaiso with the NCoR complex is still lacking due to the intrinsically disordered nature of the NCoR protein. In this work, we employed molecular modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the formation of the Kaiso–NCoR complex. We modeled the complex and predicted the key interacting residues as well as the interfacial interaction involved in the binding of Kaiso with NCoR. Our results reveal that various inter-protein interactions, such as salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions between the interfacial residues, play crucial roles in forming and stabilizing the Kaiso–NCoR complex. Our investigations provide molecular insights into how Kaiso recruits the NCoR complex via its BTB/POZ domain and mediates transcription repression.
Classification of monkeypox images using Al-Biruni earth radius optimization with deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Alharbi Amal H.
Published: June 2024

There is a connection that has been established between the virus responsible for monkeypox and the formation of skin lesions. This virus has been detected in Africa for many years. Our research is centered around the detection of skin lesions as potential indicators of monkeypox during a pandemic. Our primary objective is to utilize metaheuristic optimization techniques to improve the performance of feature selection and classification algorithms. In order to accomplish this goal, we make use of deep learning and a transfer learning technique to extract attributes. The GoogleNet network, a deep learning framework, is used to carry out feature extraction. Furthermore, the feature selection process is conducted using a binary version of the dynamic Al-Biruni earth radius optimization (DBER). After that, the convolutional neural network is used to assign labels to the selected features from the collection. To improve the classification accuracy, adjustments are made to the convolutional neural network by utilizing the continuous version of the DBER algorithm. We used a range of metrics to analyze the different assessment methods, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (P-value), negative predictive value (N-value), and F1-score. They were compared to each other. All the metrics, including the F1-score, sensitivity, specificity, P-value, and N-value, achieved high values of 0.992, 0.991, and 0.993, respectively. The outcomes were achieved by combining feature selection with the use of a convolutional neural network. After optimizing the parameters in the convolutional neural network, the proposed method achieved an impressive overall accuracy rate of 0.992.
Quantum mechanical evolution of electron’s Landau state in the dissipative magnetic field
Authors: Da Cheng , Fan Hong-Yi
Published: June 2024

Physicists have long studied Landau states and energy levels of electrons in a stable magnetic field. However, when the magnetic field dissipates, the question of how Landau states evolve remains unanswered. This study investigates the magnetic dissipative effect from a quantum mechanics perspective. We establish a quantum master equation that describes a dissipative magnetic field. Subsequently, we solve the master equation using an entangled state representation. Consequently, we found that the Landau state evolves into a binomial quantum state (mixed state) when the magnetic field dissipated. This is in sharp contrast to the case where the Landau state becomes a negative binomial state when an additional harmonic oscillator potential is applied. We hope that this finding will be helpful for the evolution of quantized plasma physics.
Fixing the PhD qualifying exam
Authors: DelSole Timothy , Dirmeyer Paul A.
Published: June 2024

For the past five years, the faculty in the department of atmospheric, oceanic, and Earth sciences at George Mason University has used a qualifying process that overcomes many of the shortcomings of traditional exams.
What do interpreters expect of digital literacy training?
Authors: Jin Silhee , Lee Junho , Lee Juriae
Published: June 2024

In recent years, digital transformation has profoundly impacted a wide range of professions, including
interpreting. As technology advancements continue to develop rapidly, it is imperative for interpreters to be able to work in a
digital environment and use different tools than in traditional workplaces (Sang 2020).
Against this backdrop, this paper examines a post-training survey administered by the Korean Association of Translators and
Interpreters (KATI) following their digital literacy academy seminar and offers recommendations for future implementations. Three
research questions guide this paper: (1) What do trainees expect from the digital literacy training provided by the association?
(2) What kind of training do trainees want to see in the future? (3) What are interpreters’ expectations for the future
development of Computer-Assisted Interpreting (CAI)? The research includes a descriptive account of KATI’s first rollout of
digital literacy training for interpreters in Korea and an analysis of the post-training survey, followed by implications for
future training.
Planar Hall Effect in the Charge-Density-Wave Bi2Rh3Se2
Authors: Cai 蔡 Mingju 明桔 , Chen 陈 Zheng 正 , Yang 杨 Yang 扬 , Zhu 朱 Xiangde 相德 , Sun 孙 Haoxiang 浩翔 , Zhu 朱 Ankang 安康 , Liu 刘 Xue 学 , Han 韩 Yuyan 玉岩 , Gao 高 Wenshuai 文帅 , Tian 田 Mingliang 明亮
Published: June 2024

We systematically investigate in-plane transport properties of ternary chalcogenide Bi2Rh3Se2. Upon rotating the magnetic field within the plane of the sample, one can distinctly detect the presence of both planar Hall resistance and anisotropic longitudinal resistance, and the phenomena appeared are precisely described by the theoretical formulation of the planar Hall effect (PHE). In addition, anisotropic orbital magnetoresistance rather than topologically nontrivial chiral anomalies dominates the PHE in Bi2Rh3Se2. The finding not only provides another platform for understanding the mechanism of PHE, but could also be beneficial for future planar Hall sensors based on two-dimensional materials.
A dynamical systems formulation for inhomogeneous LRS-II spacetimes
Authors: Chakraborty Saikat , Dunsby Peter K.S. , Goswami Rituparno , Abebe Amare
Published: June 2024

We present a dynamical system formulation for inhomogeneous LRS-II spacetimes using the covariant 1+1+2 decomposition approach. Our approach describes the LRS-II dynamics from the point of view of a comoving observer. Promoting the covariant radial derivatives of the covariant dynamical quantities to new dynamical variables and utilizing the commutation relation between the covariant temporal and radial derivatives, we were able to construct an autonomous system of first-order ordinary differential equations along with some purely algebraic constraints. Using our dynamical system formulation we found several interesting features in the LRS-II phase space with dust, one of them being that the homogeneous solutions constitute an invariant submanifold. For the particular case of LTB, we were also able to recover the previously known result that an expanding LTB tends to Milne in the absence of a cosmological constant, providing a potential validation of our formalism.
Shadows and weak gravitational lensing for black holes within Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory*
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad , Alloqulov Mirzabek , Shaymatov Sanjar , Ahmedov Bobomurat
Published: June 2024

In this study, we investigated the optical properties of charged black holes within the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) theory. We evaluated the shadow cast by these black holes and obtained analytical solutions for both the radius of the photon sphere and that of the shadow. We observed that black hole parameters γ and β both influence the shadow of black holes. We also found that the photon sphere and shadow radius increase as a consequence of the presence of the parameter γ. Interestingly, the shadow radius decreases first and then remains unchanged owing to the impact of the parameter β. Finally, we analyzed the weak gravitational lensing and total magnification of lensed images around black holes. We found that the charge of the black holes and the parameter β both have a significant impact, reducing the deflection angle. Similarly, the same behavior for the total magnification was observed, also as a result of the effect of the charge of the black holes and the parameter β.
Search for Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) in G354.61+0.47 from ALMA Observations
Authors: Izzati F , Hidayat T , Hafieduddin M , Sugiyama K , Leon S
Published: June 2024

Massive stars have a role in influencing the dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM). Massive stars can be an effective form of matter because of its short lifetime and can produce and spread heavy elements. Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) in the ISM have been found towards the so-called hot cores associated with high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFR). However, observational data to investigate the presence of COMs in HMSFR are still lacking because of the rarity and the high level of extinction. The advance in radio observations, such as ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array), helps to overcome these issues by allowing us to detect molecular tracers with high angular resolution. In this work, we use ALMA data to analyze and identify various COMs candidates present in the G354.61+0.47. The results show that there are 14 COMs in this object such as CH3OH, CH3CHO, CH3CN, and so on, that could be used as tracers of outflow and its hot core.
Atmospheric extinction coefficients and night sky brightness at ITB-Undana remote telescope site
Authors: Yusuf M. , Yap F. , Ramadhan S. , Jatmiko A. T. P. , Ramadhan D. G. , Perhati T. , Arwinata H. I. , Satya L. , Premadi P. W. , Louk A. C. , Putra M.
Published: June 2024

A remote telescope system has been established at Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang. Bosscha Observatory, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), and the Physics Study Program at Universitas Nusa Cendana (Undana) collaborated to develop the system. The ITB-Undana Telescope system has a QSI 616 CCD camera and BV RI Bessel filter attached to a 20-cm (f/10) Schmidt-Cassegrain reflector. Several research and public outreach activities have been conducted using the ITB-Undana remote telescope throughout 2023. When establishing a new astronomical observation site, it is imperative to conduct sky characterization and quality assessment. This process involves measuring night sky brightness and atmospheric extinction coefficients. In May 2023, we observed photometric standard stars using the absolute photometry technique with BV RI Bessel filters. We also utilized the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) to measure night sky brightness over three nights from May 24th to May 26th, 2023, to compare the sky brightness values obtained through the absolute photometry method. Our initial measurement shows a first-order extinction coefficient value ranging from

k
b
′

= 0.269 to 0.520,

k
v
′

= 0.216 to 0.297,

k
r
′

= 0.019 to 0.206, and

k
i
′

= 0.127 to 0.163, for B, V, R, and I filter, respectively. Application of extinction coefficient value in the sky field gives a mean sky brightness value in V bandpass, V
sky = 19.431 ± 0.022, with color index (B − V )sky = 0.492 ± 0.039. These night sky brightness values are suitable for measurements using the SQM.
DIY Photometer Performance Test in Determining Morning Twilight
Authors: Asmoro C P , Susanti H , Utama J A , Herdiwijaya D , Putra M
Published: June 2024

Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Sky Quality Meter (SQM) known as D.I.Y – CJ’01 Photometer has been successfully built and tested. Using SQM as a calibrated portable photometer is a hot topic of astronomical research regarding night sky brightness measurement. The output data obtained by the photometer is in unit of magnitude per square arc second (mag/sq arcsecond ∼ mpsas) value with a maximum value of 21.7 mpsas as a quantization of the representation of a very dark sky with the presence of natural airglow. The sky brightness then gradually increases with values up to 16.7 mpsas, which is when the sky is brighter due to the presence of artificial airglow from outdoor artificial lighting such as in big cities. This research aims to determine the D.I.Y – CJ’01 Photometer performance in measuring the sky brightness of morning twilight. The research method used in this work is an experiment with data collection from D.I.Y - CJ’01 Photometer and SQM Unihedron gathered from two locations in Cimahi and Bandung. Data processing shows that the D.I.Y - CJ’01 Photometer mimics the performance of SQM Unihedron, with the the smallest difference for the value of the solar depression angle in morning twilight measurements is 0.06%.
Towards STEAM Education Platform for Indigenous Communities The case of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar
Authors: Soeharyadi Y , Iskandar G H
Published: June 2024

According to the World Economic Forum, appropriate education enables indigenous children and adult learners to exercise and enjoy economic, social, and cultural rights. It also strengthens their ability to exercise their civil rights so they can influence political policy processes for enhanced protection of their human rights. We contend that STEM education is one of the important components of appropriate education. The concept is modeled after the Science Pathway for Indigenous Communities developed by CSIRO. More specifically we carried out an initial study in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, whose indigenous knowledge has been studied quite extensively.
Workshop on Young Crescent Moon: Visibility Limit and Digital Image Contrast
Authors: Hasan Faadillah M. , Kurniasari Martha , Asmoro Cahyo P. , Ikbal Arifyanto M. , Mahasenaputra  , Herdiwijaya Dhani , Irfan Hakim M. , Hidayat Taufiq , Jaelani Anton T. , Mulki Fargiza A. M.
Published: June 2024

The Institut Teknologi Bandung’s Astronomy Research Group hosted a workshop centered on understanding the young crescent moon (Hilal) phenomenon in Islamic astronomy. The primary focus was disseminating cutting-edge research, particularly a methodology for measuring digital image contrast to determine the young crescent’s visibility threshold. Participants included lecturers from Islamic Universities, private observatory administrators/observers, and astronomy enthusiasts. The workshop covered image processing fundamentals, hands-on activities involving digital image capture, and practical use of AstroImageJ software. Comprehensive feedback assessment measured its effectiveness. Additionally, the workshop aimed to promote research relevant to Islamic religious practices and introduce prospective students to Astronomy master’s and doctoral programs, fostering a crucial link between research and education in Islamic astronomy.
Citizen Science on April 20th Total Solar Eclipse Observation
Authors: Handini Ajeng T. , Premadi Premana W. , Yulianty Yatny , Yusuf Muhammad , Luthfiandari  , Gilang Ramadhan Dhimaz , Ramadhan Sahlan , Yap Ferry , Perhati Teduh , Yuna Dwi Y.
Published: June 2024

Citizen Science definition refers to activities carried out by the public voluntarily that contribute to scientific research. This definition continues to develop along with various activities and modes of collaboration involving professional scientists and the general public. Astronomy is one of the branches of science with the largest number of Citizen Science projects with objectives ranging from identification, and classification to involving a series of complex activities for the purpose of new discoveries. This paper explains efforts to attract public participation in the Citizen Science activities on the Total Solar Eclipse on April 20th, 2023 phenomenon by Bosscha Observatory and UNAWE Indonesia. Even though it has not yet reached the scientific contribution stage, observation activities carried out by the public have contributed to improving science literacy through a series of activities and participation carried out.
Effect of nano-SiO2 on flow-ability, setting time and strength properties of controlled low-strength materials using native silt soil
Authors: Qiu Haomiao , Jiang Senhua , Shou Lei
Published: June 2024

Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is widely applied in many backfill engineering applications because of its excellent workability and sustainability. However, for CLSM using native soil as fine aggregate and industrial by-products as a binder, the flow-ability and self-leveling performance will deteriorate, and the setting time will be slower, which is unsuitable for construction applications. The addition of additives is regarded as an effective technique for improving the performance of CLSM. Although the effects of nano-SiO2 on the performance of concrete have been the subject of many studies, little research has been done on its effects on CLSM. The present work investigated the effects of adding nano-SiO2 as an additive. The flow-ability, hydraulic penetrometer, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests are performed with the increasing nano-SiO2 content. Lastly, the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test is carried out to identify the effects of nano-SiO2 on the morphology of pores. For controlled low-strength materials using native silt soil, significant improvements in setting time and strength are observed with the increase of nano-SiO2. A decrease in the average pore diameter and an increase in the percentage of pore diameter below 20 nm are also observed in the specimen with nano-SiO2.
Effect of high temperature annealing on hot workability of Co40CrNiMo elastic alloy
Authors: Wu Yingfei , Ji Shuang , Sun Zhiyan , Zhang Dawei , Zhang Zefeng , Wang Ao , Sun Zhonghua
Published: June 2024

The effect of high-temperature annealing on the hot workability of Co40CrNiMo elastic alloy was investigated using high-temperature thermal simulation testing. Hot compression tests were conducted on the Gleeble3800 thermo-simulation machine under conditions of 0.1~20/s and 950-1150°C. The flow curve was analyzed, and based on rheological data, the hot deformation constitutive formula and processing map were established. The results indicate that high-temperature annealing improves the resistance to hot working in Co40CrNiMo; the activation energy for hot deformation after annealing decreases from 462.78 kJ/mol to 396.70 kJ/mol, resulting in a significant increase in the hot working range, with an optimal thermal processing range between 975~1150°C and a deformation rate of 0.1~1/s.
Research on the cutting performance and contact behavior of a new bionic saw blade segment
Authors: Tian Yongjun , Zhang Wei , Liu Jie , Yang Dayao , Ren Yi , Tang Yanan
Published: June 2024

Diamond circular saw blades, integral in industries such as aerospace, nuclear energy, and construction engineering, face challenges including high cutting forces and significant tool wear, which often fall short of modern engineering requirements. To address these issues, this study explores the application of the non-smooth morphology, inspired by the surface of Scapharca subcrenata, known for their friction-reducing and wear-resistant properties. This morphology is applied to the tool-chip contact area of the saw teeth. Comparative experiments, conducted through sawing simulations, reveal that the optimized tool demonstrates improvements in sawing force, equivalent stress, and material removal rate compared to conventional tools. These findings offer valuable insights for further research into the wear resistance and drag reduction optimization of diamond circular saw blades.
Comparison of microstructure and properties of Cr8 die steel before and after tempering
Authors: Yuan Sha , Zhou Leyu , Zhu Zhe , Jiang Peng , Feng Yanan , Hou Huimin , Wang Zhengyu
Published: June 2024

This paper observed and analyzed the microstructure, hardness, and tensile mechanical properties of Cr8 steel using the tensile testing machine, rockwell hardness tester, and metallographic microscope. The results showed that before quenching the carbides in Cr8 steel have different morphologies and obvious aggregation along the streamline and have low tensile strength and hardness. After quenching, some carbides dissolve into the matrix and undissolved carbides which are M7C3 and M23C6 are distributed on martensite in the shape of large particles. The tensile strength of the material reaches 1536 MPa and the hardness reaches 59 HRC.
Influence of air-guided ring structure on performance of axial-flow fan
Authors: Chen Lixiao , Zhang Chaolei , Liu Jing , Hu Zhihong
Published: June 2024

The aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic noise of the axial-flow fan are affected by the tip clearance between the air-guided ring and the blade tip. Through the design of the three main structural parameters of the axial-flow fan, the axial width L, the front air-guided ring radius R1, and the rear air-guided ring radius R2, the relationship between air-guided ring structure on the aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic noise of the axial-flow fan is studied. The results show that the aerodynamic performance of the fan can be improved with the increase of the axial width and the radius of the front air-guided ring, and be reduced with the increase of the radius of the rear air-guided ring. The decrease in the axial width of the air-guided ring and the increase in the radius of the front air-guided ring can reduce the aerodynamic noise. The aerodynamic noise increases first and then decreases with the increase of the radius of the rear wind deflector. The orthogonal test result shows that the influence sequence of three factors on the radiation noise at the fan outlet is as follows: L>R1>R2.
Safety assessment research of crane metal structure based on stress monitoring data of dangerous sections
Authors: Yuan Jingjie , Lv Xiao , Kang Dugang , Zhang Lei , Jia Shangyuan , Huang Yuangui
Published: June 2024

A method for assessing the safety of crane metal structures is proposed based on the monitoring data results of stress in dangerous sections. This method utilizes the stress-time history of these sections as input, employing statistical analysis through the rainflow counting method. The strength verification theory and the linear fatigue cumulative damage theory are applied to determine the strength margin and remaining fatigue life of the dangerous sections. Through reasonable assumptions, it has been confirmed that this method effectively evaluates the safety of crane metal structures, including the bridge erection machine. The findings presented in this paper offer valuable insights for the safety assessment of crane metal structures, thereby facilitating their practical application in engineering contexts.
The guide-aggregation effect of microgrooves on tribological properties of mechanical seals
Authors: Chen Xiaoya , Shi Liping , Li Meng
Published: June 2024

To investigate the guide-aggregation effect on the tribological performance of mechanical seals with groove textures and determine their optimal structure parameters for texture design, a lubrication model incorporating various guide slots on the mechanical seal was established based on Reynolds equations. The dimensionless load-carrying capacity, Pav, and the flow field distribution images of liquid films were obtained using a numerical calculation method. The influence of guide groove textures on the hydrodynamic pressure of the lubricant film on the mechanical seal clearance at different depths was analyzed, and a systematic exploration was conducted on factors such as the guide slot morphology, depth, and mechanical seal clearance, which affect the friction coefficient. The results show that our numerical calculations reveal that the frictional performance of mechanical seals significantly varies according to the configuration of guide slots. In various depth conditions, guide slots enhance the hydrodynamic pressure. With the increment in-depth, the load-carrying capacity of the liquid film initially increases. For the E-type, the optimal load-carrying capacity of the liquid film, Pav, is obtained at a depth of h1=10 μm, reaching 0.5275 Mpa. By comparing the surface textures of guide slots, it can be observed that the E-type texture exhibits an optimal friction property. The liquid membrane load-carrying capacity of the E-type texture with a height of h1=10 μm demonstrates a notable increase of 53.5%, 43.9%, and 23.6% when compared to the grooved, semi-circular, and herringbone textures, respectively. The findings reveal that the design of the guide slot leads to the accumulation of lubricant on the surface texture, thereby enhancing the pressure convergence. This, in turn, enhances the load-carrying capacity of the lubricating fluid film and reduces friction. The geometric parameters of the guide groove have a substantial influence on the fluid dynamic pressure within the end mechanical sealing pair, which in turn affects the tribological performance of the mechanical seal. Our research offers novel insights for the design of non-contact end mechanical seals in future applications.
Flexible conformal force-sensitive electrode based on the micro-pyramid structure
Authors: Tian Xin , Cheng Guanyin , Kong Yongkang , Wei Dapeng
Published: June 2024

Currently, pressure sensor technology is developing rapidly and has been integrated into all aspects of human scientific and technological activities. For pressure sensors, device performance is often significantly improved when different force-sensitive layers and microstructures are combined. The material selection of the force-sensitive layer and the structural design of the sensor are the vital factors to determine its performance. In this work, we combine micro-pyramidal polydimethylsilanes (PDMS) with force-sensitive layers of four different materials: Au, rGO (reduced Graphene Oxide), GNWs (Graphene Nano Walls) and CNTs (Carbon Nanotubes). GNWs were combined with the Au force-sensitive layer to form a new structural system, GAC. In this way, five sensors with different force-sensitive layers were prepared from both structural and material dimensions. Through our tests, GAC achieved the best performance among the five systems. Furthermore, it shows excellent advantages in body, voice, and pressure recognition.
Effect of bacteria inoculation in solidification/stabilization matrices for fibreboard wastewater sludge
Authors: Mohd-Kamal M H , Shahrurizan M A N , Mohd-Rais N N , Mohd-Kamil N A F
Published: June 2024

Fiberboard factories are rapidly growing to fulfill the increasing demand for timber production. Therefore, due to this rapid growth, there is a need to address wastewater sludge disposal concerns. This is crucial because the sludge contains a high concentration of contaminants that endanger the environment and public health. This study aims to treat the sludge by determining the potential of bacteria inoculation in the Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) method based on compressive strength, heavy metal leaching, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations. The materials used in sludge remediation were Portland cement to act as a binder and Sphingobacterium spiritivorum. This study involves compressive strength testing, leaching tests using Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), COD, and heavy metals concentrations analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipment in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines (U.S. EPA). After bacteria inoculation, data shows an increase of approximately 4.4% in compressive strength test. COD concentration level reduces by around 1.5% but heavy metals concentration increases except for Chromium (Cr) and all elements still exceed the permissible limits. Based on the overall results, the method of bacteria inoculation in S/S method revealed the potential to remediate wastewater sludge.
Noise Emissions Mapping from Ampang Line LRT
Authors: Arbaan A , Othman M H , Tong Y G , Ab Ghani A R , Ambak K , Borhan M N , Abdul Sukor N S
Published: June 2024

Train transportation is considered safe, sustainable, and climate-friendly mode of transportation. However, it may also lead to higher noise which may be annoying, disrupt sleep, and disturbance on residents who live nearby the train track. The aims of this study are to evaluate Light Rail Transit (LRT) noise level in urban area, at LRT Ampang Line by using grid lines method and to develop LRT noise mapping. The residential area that is located near the track was chosen in this study. The measurement of noise level for train passing-by was measured using B&K Type 2250 which was placed at 1.2 meter above the ground level. Noise measurement was carried out using 25 m x 25 m grid lines with short-term sampling method of 20 minutes of measurement for each point. The LRT noise level in the study areas at distance of 15 m from the centre of train tracks was found to be higher (77.04 dBA) than noise limit (65 dBA) guidelines from Department of Environment. The graph trendline of noise level was decreasing from 15m (30.64 dBA) to 115m (8.68 dBA) from the centre of the train tracks. These shows that the further the distance of the Sound Level Meter (SLM) placement, the lower the difference of the noise train pass-by and the background noise. The LRT noise mapping will be useful for the future LRT noise prediction.
Developing a critical influential factors Model (CIFsM) for Agile Management Principles in UAE Construction Projects
Authors: Yamahi M A , Suratkon A
Published: June 2024

The construction industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, with significant annual expenses and a substantial contribution to the GDP of the UAE. This has led to a surge in building projects, fostering rapid expansion among construction companies. However, challenges have emerged that hinder this growth, including high interest rates and intensified competition among building firms. Additionally, there are many issues impede project timelines and escalate dedicated costs. Many of these challenges can be addressed by addressing inefficiencies within internal processes of companies. Agile construction, a method or approach that facilitates swift adaptation to changes in delivery or design, has the potential to alleviate these challenges. By reducing the time between problem identification and solution implementation, agile construction can enhance project efficiency. This study aims to propose Critical Influential Factors Model (CIFsM) for Agile Management Principles to enhance the performance of construction projects in the UAE. The proposed model covers five critical influential factor groups: organizational, challenges, human resources, technical, and construction industry project performance in the UAE. The research recommends implementing the model empirically using a quantitative approach to enhance integration among construction parties and alleviate concerns about low project performance levels. Developing the CIFsM based on agile management principles offers a promising avenue to enhance construction project performance in the UAE by addressing critical influential factors and adopting an empirical quantitative approach, leading to improved project integration and reduced concerns about low performance levels.
Investigation of Soil and Plant Nutrients in Residential Area in Parit Rasipan Drainage System
Authors: Miswan MS , Azman MHA , Hamdan R , Siddiqui Z
Published: June 2024

Nutrient pollution pertains to elevated nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium concentrations within aquatic systems. Nutrient pollution is the process by which excessive nutrients, primarily Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK), are supplied to bodies of water and can act as fertiliser, causing excessive algal growth. This phenomenon is also known as eutrophication. Excessive nutrient levels can cause more severe issues, such as low dissolved oxygen levels in the water. The main objective of this study has been to evaluate the soil and plant nutrient content in the residential area of the Parit Rasipan drainage system. NPK levels were determined by collecting soil and plant samples at four specified sampling points within the study area, both during wet and dry days, using the APHA 4500 NORG-B and US EPA 6010B (ICP OES) methods. In addition to that, the pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and temperature were recorded in situ. Water samples were also collected and analysed for specific parameters, including Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Potassium (K). The analysis used a HACH DR6000 Spectrophotometer and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The study findings indicate that the soil concentrations of TN (1660–2250 mg/kg), TP (100–360 mg/kg), and K (1020–1692 mg/kg) fall within the range of low to very high classifications. In the meantime, it is noteworthy that the concentrations of TN (4780–7870 mg/kg), TP (821–1640 mg/kg), and K (702–9160 mg/kg) in plants have been categorised as ranging from moderate to very high. In the context of water quality monitoring, the collected data indicates that the pH levels range from 3.16 to 3.22, the dissolved oxygen levels range from 0.95 to 0.98 mg/L, and the temperature ranges from 29.30°C to 26.34°C, observed during both wet and dry weather conditions. In summary, based on the analysis of the findings, it can be determined that the Parit Rasipan drainage system demonstrates a significant concentration of NPK elements under both wet and dry weather conditions, primarily due to residential activities occurring within the area.
Rainfall projection using CIMP6 models of extreme area in Johor
Authors: Hamid H , Rahmat S N , Kasmin H , Tukimat N N
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the impact of climate change on rainfall patterns, particularly extreme intensity, in Johor, Malaysia. The study focuses on addressing uncertainties in climate change projections by selecting suitable Global Climate Models (GCMs) based on location and topography. Four CMIP6 models (GFDL-ESM4, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, and MRI-ESM2-0) were chosen for analysis. The research employs statistical downscaling, using historical observed data (1988-2020) and GCM output data, with a bias correction through linear scaling. The performance of the GCMs is assessed using various metrics including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Percentage of Bias (Pbias), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). The IPSL-CM6A model is identified as the most suitable for rainfall projection in Johor. Under the severe climate scenario (SSP5-8.5), the analysis indicates increasing rainfall intensity in January from 2025 to 2054, notably at the Pusat Pertanian Endau station with a significant 50% increment. However, for the projected period 2055 to 2084, most stations experience a decrease in rainfall from January to June, with the Ladang Sg. Plentong station showing the largest reduction of about 40% in January. Conversely, the latter half of the year shows increased rainfall for all stations. The Mann-Kendall Test method highlights a significant decreasing trend in rainfall across all stations from 2025 to 2084 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. This suggests that without mitigation efforts, the area will likely experience decreasing rainfall intensity due to the effects of climate change.
Application of Fish-Integrity Biological Index and Water Quality Index to Assess the Ecological Health of the Pahang River, Malaysia
Authors: Adnan M S , Abdul Rashid Z , Shimatani Y , Razi MAM , Lopa R T
Published: June 2024

The development along the river has tremendously affected the ecological health of the river environment, where the changes and disturbance of the environment could lead to deterioration of water quality and habitat destruction. This study aimed to assess the ecological health of the Pahang River through the integration of the Fish-Base Index (FBI) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The fish community, habitat conditions, and water quality survey were conducted monthly from 2007 until July 2010 at twenty-one (21) sampling sites. There are four (4) related fish characteristics were used to calculate the fish index: (i) species richness and composition, (ii) trophic composition, (iii) habitat and spawning area, (iv) fish health and abundance, and eight (8) water quality parameters were measured and used to compute WQI. Based on the survey result, most of the sampled fish species are native to the Pahang River, with the cyprinid family as the dominant species. The water column species have decreased from upstream to downstream, while the demersal and/or benthic species have shown an increasing pattern toward the downstream area. The IBI result indicates that the value is high in the upstream area, followed by the downstream and middle stream area. The IBI result is consistent with the WQI results that clearly state the WQI is higher at the upstream and lowest at the middle stream area. Human activities were identified as one factor that reduced the biotic composition and water quality in certain areas, especially KM3. In contrast, extensive human activities such as logging, land use changes, wastewater discharge, agriculture, and aquaculture activities were recognized as the main pollution sources in the middle and downstream areas. The F-IBI and WQI results clearly show a positive correlation between increasing human activities and perturbation. The integration of these indices can offer a more accurate and safer evaluation of the ecological health of a river. Therefore, the combination of the fish base index and water quality index is a valuable tool for assessing the ecological health of a river, and its integration can provide a more reliable and comprehensive ecological assessment.
Exploring lift car defects: An examination of common defects and the possible causes
Authors: Mustafa S N A M , Sabri N S M , Ishak N M , Rosni N N M
Published: June 2024

The maintenance of a lift system, which is a highly specialized machinery, requires professionals with a wide range of knowledge in the mechanical maintenance area. While obtaining accurate information about lift malfunction has grown difficult, this study has filled the gap by compiling management-maintenance problems and operational lift system defects. The general objective of the study is to identify the maintainability issues of lift systems. Firstly, interviews with the industry experts- six (6) Facility Managers and two (2) Lift Supplier Personnel were conducted to identify the system operation defects and management issues. The data collected from the interview comprising the system operation defects were then tabulated in a defect library whereby the explanation of the defects was discussed, and the possible causes of the defects. With regard to identify the key challenges in maintaining the lift system, the prime factor that drives a challenge in maintaining the lift system is the deficiency of knowledge and skills among the lift technicians that were sent to do servicing work. In conjunction, the respondents agreed that conducting training with the purpose of improving skills and knowledge and providing a comprehensive maintainability scoring system will be effective in improving the maintainability of the lift system. Finally, responding to the prime challenges mentioned above, by providing a comprehensive explanation of the lift system’s defects, this research paper has theoretically improved the knowledge base on the maintainability of the lift system.
Comprehensive multi-objective optimization of external window design for energy-efficient and comfortable buildings
Authors: Wei G M , Li M H , Liu S S , Zhang L K , Zhang Z R
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the influence of external window design parameters on air-conditioning energy consumption, daylighting and ventilation in an apartment building in Guangxi, China. In order to achieve a harmonious balance between energy consumption, interior daylight and ventilation, L16(45) orthogonal experimental design (OED) were selected. The results show that the width (B) is the most important factor in determining the comprehensive performance, followed by the material (A), height (C) and bottom height (D) of the external window. Based on empirical tests, the optimal design parameter combination emerged as A2B1C3D4 (Heat aluminum window frame and Low-E hollow glass, 1200mm×1500mm×700mm), which effectively meet low energy consumption, favourable daylighting and ventilation effects simultaneously. These evaluation results provide valuable reference for exterior window design in the context of Guangxi.
Risk evaluation of health and safety procedures in oil refinery and onshore pipeline construction projects: structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Waqar A , Shafiq N , Othman I
Published: June 2024

Health and safety are important for large-scale building projects, as most worker incidents happen in complex buildings. Oil refinery and onshore pipeline building projects are complex, large-scale projects with a prominent history of work safety accidents and even deaths. Various risk factors exist that negatively influence the health and safety of workers in oil refineries along with pipeline development projects. Using petroleum products building operations in Malaysia as a case study, this paper identifies important risk factors affecting project safety to present suggestions for reducing risks. This research aims to identify common risk variables and how they affect gas and oil infrastructure project operations. Using quantitative research methodology and analysis approach consisting of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), a risk-management framework for gas and oil building is developed, showing the possible hazards of building an inland pipeline and an oil company. This work adds to current efforts to enhance health and safety results in the construction industry and offers a solid foundation for future research in this area.
A Comprehensive Review of Studies Focusing on the Intersection of Urban Flooding and Historic Urban Landscapes
Authors: Su Jin , Wang Mo , Razi Mohd Adib Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Due to evolving climate patterns and the deterioration of infrastructure in historic cities, these urban locales confront escalating flood-related risks. A profusion of academic discourse has separately explored the subjects of urban flooding and historic urban landscapes, but an integrative, systematic review of both areas concurrently remains scarce. This review presents a holistic perspective of the convergence between urban flooding and historic urban landscapes, meticulously evaluating 101 scholarly articles sourced from the Web of Science database spanning from 2006 to 2022. The disciplinary classification encompasses 24 categories. A careful examination of the methodologies employed in these articles reveals flood vulnerability mapping as a prevalent tool in urban heritage conservation, while nature-based solutions emerge as potent strategies for mitigating urban flooding challenges. The insights derived from this review shed light on the present state of affairs regarding urban flooding risks in historic cities, and provide a wealth of information beneficial to decision-makers and practitioners engaged in urban stormwater management.