bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug Nicknaming in Western Algeria
Authors: Labed Zohra
Published: April 2020

Illegal drug consumption is a long-run issue with a worldwide apprehension. Drug abusers identify themselves differently to remain far from public appearance and escape court institutions. Nicknaming drugs and their different types and forms constitute one way of drug abusing concealment and disguisement. Nicknaming involves a variety of practices that acquire full of positive and/ or negative connotations in society over time. Social practices carry cultural values that shape the nickname giver’s perception of the nickname bearer, a fact that can be reflected in the way the nickname is chosen within various fields. Nickname givers are alone responsible for allocating the exclusionary or inclusionary character to the nickname bearer. The present paper seeks to examine and analyse the various nicknames attributed to diverse types of such psychotropic substances by the Algerians with special reference to the west of multilingual and diglossic Algerian speech community. More particularly, how are drugs nicknamed in western Algeria? Which language varieties are involved in such nicknaming? Why are illegal drugs nicknamed at all? The findings at hand assign nicknames to physicality, mannerism, experience and/ or linguistic adjustments. Drug nicknaming nomenclature under study makes up importantly drug consumers’ secret language in the present setting.
A Hermeneutical reading of Postcolonial Literature: Fusion of Horizons in E.M. Forster's A Passage to India and Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North
Authors: Bouziane Laila
Published: April 2020

Hans-Georg Gadamer has consistently advocated the idea of understanding as a form of “fusion of horizons” that implies the important and active role of each part of a cross-cultural encounter. This paper proposes philosophical hermeneutics as an alternative way of reading of postcolonial literature. E.M. Foster’s A Passage to India and Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North, are postcolonial literary examples of diversity and otherness which are analyzed in the light of the hermeneutical concept of “fusion of horizons”. These texts include a range of contexts and circumstances in which communication is challenged by the characters’ different cultural backgrounds, and understanding is only to be achieved through the process of “fusion” of horizons which helps rework prejudices in order to reach a clearer vision. In this context, the hermeneutical “fusion of horizons” represents an alternative to traditional ways of “knowing” and understanding.
Embodiment of Transformation from Scholasticism to Worldliness: Geoffrey Chaucer's the Canterbury Tales
Authors: Gulcu Tarik Ziyad
Published: April 2020

Although the medieval period is well-known for its otherworldly scholastic view of life, people’s gradual prioritization of material interests is arguably an embodiment of a transformation from scholastic to anthropocentric outlook on life and people. Along with common people’s interest in material gains, the ecclesiastical people’s interest in luxury and ostentation as well as acquisition of material profit are representations of the new paradigm in social area. The growing interest in worldly profits among the clergy and their indulgence in ostentation is the particular point of satire in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. In this work, while Chaucer reflects the traits of an ideal person in the knight’s description in “General Prologue”, he deals with clerical corruption in “Reeve’s Tale”, the monk, the nun and the summoner’s depictions in “General Prologue”. While criticising the problematic aspects of the ecclesiastical class in medieval context, Chaucer transgresses the borders of his period and favours the expression of female individuality in “Wife of Bath’s Tale”. Hence, The Canterbury Tales invites reading in relation to Chaucer’s anxieties concerning medieval view of life and his position as a pioneer of a new anthropocentric social paradigm in literary context.
Epac signaling protein ligands as tools for studying their biological activity and creating new original drugs
Authors: Mokrov G. V. , Nikiforova T. D. , Kryzhanovskiy S. A.
Published: April 2020

The review discusses modern views about the structure and functions of Epac proteins (exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate). The involvement of Epac proteins both in the regulation of the physiological functions of the body and in the initiation of various pathological processes allows to consider them as a fundamentally new biological target for creating original, highly effective drugs. Information on existing Epac protein agonists and antagonists was collected, and the influence of Epac ligands structure on the values of their affinity and selectivity was analyzed. Presumptive mechanisms of the interaction of ligands with Epac proteins are presented.
The Pathogenesis of the Modern Climate
Authors: Boyden Michael
Published: April 2020

This article offers an exploratory semantic analysis of the concept of climate through the lens of Reinhart Koselleck’s theory of historical semantics. After discussing reasons for its absence in Koselleck’s own scholarly investigations into the semantics of modernity, the article argues that the word climate acquired the properties of a freestanding concept in the course of the eighteenth century. The steep rise in the word’s relative frequency at that time is explained in terms of its relevance to contemporary perceptions of time, and more particularly the rise of the progress narrative as a driver of human-made history. The article equally traces the concept’s decline in the course of the nineteenth century by pointing to developments in the sciences and the secularization of eschatology. Finally, the article reflects on the concept’s revival since the latter half of the twentieth century. Focusing specifically on the recent emergence of collocations such as “climate crisis,” the article argues that, in its orientation towards an open future, climate change communication reveals its reliance on the temporal framework of accelerating progress that it at the same time holds responsible for our warming planet. The article concludes with a plea to pay closer attention to the temporal presuppositions underlying climate change communication.
Scaling High Places. Mountaineering Narratives as Climatological Tales
Authors: Nitzke Solvejg
Published: April 2020

Christoph Ransmayr’s 2006 novel Der fliegende Berg and Thomas Glavinic’s Das größere Wunder (published in 2013) confront very different ideas of mountaineering. Glavinic’s protagonist Jonas joins a commercial expedition to summit the world’s highest mountain. These highly criticized commercial endeavors are the opposite of Ransmayr’s scenario in which two brothers, Patrick and Liam, embark on a journey to a mythical peak – the last Himalayan mountain no one has ever summited before. The commercial sporting extravaganza and the ultimate independent adventure represent two extremes of a practice aimed at producing intense physical encounters with nature. Both novels confront the possibility of such encounters with an account of the life of their protagonists within a thoroughly modern world. In aligning biography with the ascent of the respective peak, the narratives present themselves as mediations between personal and planetary scales. Climate, thus, is not only present as an obstacle to overcome, but as a narrative device negotiating increasingly precarious relationships between humans and nature. In comparison with non-fictional mountaineering accounts these narratives reveal an understanding of climate which is not exhausted in a “weather-biased understanding of the atmosphere” (Fleming/Jankovic 2). Instead they resurrect apparently discarded notions of climate as a local and bodily entity. Using Fleming/Jankovic’s concept of Klima – an understanding of climate which combines natural and cultural facts – this paper investigates the methodological and narrative aspects of scaling, acclimatization and high-altitude in order to unearth the myth underlying these climatological tales and their (possibly) productive and destructive effects on current discourses on human-nature-relationships in the Anthropocene.
Book Review of Future Remains. A Cabinet of Curiosities for the Anthropocene
Authors: Nitzke Solvejg
Published: April 2020

Book review.
Book Review of Climate and Crises: Magical Realism as Environmental Discourse
Authors: Maufort Jessica
Published: April 2020

Book review.
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA PADA MATERI PROGRAM LINEAR MELALUI TAHAPAN NEWMAN
Authors: Fachis Choirul , Azizah Dewi , Hidayah Nurina
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe students' problem-solving abilities in completing linear programs through the Newman stages. This article uses qualitative. Data collection was obtained from the method of setting, testing, and interviewing. There are 36 students in class IX PS 2 as the subject of this article. The subject's abilities are categorized as high, medium, and low. Descriptive analysis was obtained from 9 students who represented each level. Test the validity of the data by triangulation. The results of the analysis obtained an average problem-solving ability using the Newman stage, namely the ability to read problems 85.6% classified well, the ability to solve problems 80% classified well, the ability to transform 82.59% classified well, the ability to process 73.3% classified good, the ability to solve answers 67.7% classified sufficiently. Of the 8 levels of ability obtained by 8 high-skilled students require new procedures well in solving problems, 24 capable students are having difficulty in the process of problem transformation, and 4 low-ability students are unable to handle new procedures.Keywords: problem-solving ability, Newman's procedure
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ROPES (REVIEW, OVERVIEW, PRESENTATION, EXERCISE, SUMMARY)
Authors: Yuffa Tammara , Kurniati Lenny , Wahyuni Arie
Published: April 2020

The learning mathematics to students will be easier to master and understand the concept of linear equation material of one variable through the ROPES learning model. This study aims to determine that with the application of ROPES learning model on linear equation material of one variable can improve students’ learning result, students’ activities, and teachers’ performance. The subject of this study is the students of class VII B in the first semester at MTS Matholiul Ulum Banjaragung, Bangsri, Jepara in 2019/2020. Instruments were tests sheet and questionnaires. The type of this research is a classroom action research with two cycles where each cycle there are two meetings. The stages include planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The results showed an increase in student's ability to solve problems about linear equations of one variable. Based on reflection results in cycles 1 and II, it showed: 1) Students’ learning result is increased, in the cycle I the average result was 64.90 and in cycle II reached 73.18. 2) In cycle I of the first meeting was 59.67% categorized ‘enough’. The second was 6601% categorized ‘good’, and in the cycle II reached 81.15% categorized ‘very good’. 3) Increased teacher performance in the first cycle was 60% categorized medium, the second meeting reached 70% categorized high, and in cycle II reached 80% categorized very high.Kata kunci: Mathematical Learning Result, ROPES Learning Model.
Alumínium lemez aszimmetrikus hengerlése közben fellépő deformációjának vizsgálata
Authors: Bátorfi János György , Sidor Jurij
Published: April 2020

Ebben a cikkben a hengerek közötti szimmetrikus és aszimmetrikus hengerlés deformációs viszonyait vizsgáltuk. Lemezek esetén az egyenletes keménység és feszültségeloszlás aszimmetrikus hengerléssel érhető el. A kialakuló deformációk és alakváltozások vizsgálatához a keresztmetszet pontjainak egymáshoz képesti relatív elmozdulásainak ismerete szükséges. A lemez és a henger közötti súrlódási tényező különböző modellekkel vizsgálhatóak. Hengerelt alumínium mintákból határoztuk meg az egyes pontok elmozdulását, melyekből az adatok feldolgozásával számítottuk a hengerlés közben fellépő súrlódási tényezőt. A mérési pontok elmozdulását a keménységmérési nyomokról készített hengerlés előtti és utáni optikai mikroszkópos felvételek összehasonlításával végeztük. A mintákból kinyert adatok és a végeselemes szimuláció eredményeinek összehasonlításával ellenőriztük a modellek alkalmazhatóságát.
Mikroszerkezet kialakulása hagyományos és innovatív anyaggyártási eljárások során
Authors: Fábián Dominika , Karker László , Sidor Jurij
Published: April 2020

Az anyagok egyik fontos mikroszerkezeti jellemzője a diszlokáció sűrűség, amelynek a segítségével fontos következtetéseket vonhatunk le az anyag tulajdonságokra való tekintettel. A diszlokáció sűrűség ismeretében el tudunk indulni az anyag számos tulajdonságának meghatározásában. A projektmunka során egy olyan módszer kialakítására törekedtünk, amellyel megfelelő közelítéssel meghatározhatjuk a hengerlés során bevitt deformáció hatására megnövekedett diszlokáció sűrűség mértékét. Hengerlés során különböző mértékben és eltérő módon deformált mintákban a deformáció hatására megnövekedett diszlokáció sűrűség arányos a felhalmozott deformációs energia mértékével. A mikrokeménység indentek koordináták elmozdulásából a fő irányokhoz tartozó deformációk és a deformációkhoz tartozó feszültség meghatározásával az anyagban felhalmozott deformációs energia számítását követően kiszámítottuk a diszlokáció sűrűséget.
CNC gép szerszámparaméter kezelési rendszerének vizsgálata
Authors: Komondi Márk , Andó Mátyás
Published: April 2020

A szerszámkezelési rendszer vizsgálata során az adatbázis alapú szerszámkezeléssel foglalkoztunk, azon belül meghatároztuk a lehetséges szerszámfelügyeleti módszereket. A szerszámkorrekciók esetén egy fejlettségi sorrendet állítottunk fel, majd elemeztük azokat. Megállapítottuk, hogy az automatikus munkadarab bemérés alapján végzett szerszámkorrekció a leghatékonyabb módszer a selejt gyártás elkerüléséhez a relatívan rövid mérési idő miatt. Ráadásul a felügyelet nélküli megmunkálás is megvalósítható, ha a testvérszerszám-stratégiát is alkalmazzuk. Ebben az esetben az is előny, hogy a lapka élettartamát maximálisan kihasználhatjuk, akár egyedi gyártás esetén is. A megmunkálási folyamatok optimalizálásához használt virtuális környezetben is megismételtük a szerszámgépeken gyakorlatban elvégzett teszteket, azonosítva a különbségeket (munkadarab számlálás).
Posztprocesszor fejlesztése kiber-fizikai rendszerben
Authors: Szunyi Attila , Andó Mátyás , Safranyik Ferenc
Published: April 2020

CNC esztergagép posztprocesszorának létrehozása lényegesen hatékonyabb kiber-fizikai rendszerben (CPS). Egy Akira-Seiki SL25MC típusú CNC esztergagép posztprocesszorát Sinutrain szimulációs szoftver segítségével hoztuk létre Edgecam-ben. A kidolgozott eljárással csökken a szintaktikai hibák kiszűrésére fordított idő. Jelentősen nő a CNC gép rendelkezésre állása, mert a tesztelési feladat túlnyomó része nem a valós gépen történt. Ráadásul az esetleges hibás programkódok nem okoznak ütközést a CNC gépen. Megállapítottuk, hogy a valós gépen történő tesztelés azonban nem hagyható el, itt kiemelt figyelmet kell fordítani a mozgási sebességekre és forgásirányokra.
SISTEM E-FILLING: KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI STUDI KASUS PADA PT. POLAPULPINDO MANTAP
Authors: Supriatiningsih Supriatiningsih , Astrinigsih Veronica Melinda
Published: April 2020

The change to the regulations of taxes often confuse tax payers with assessable or taxable properties. The relatively underprivileged capacity of their understanding about tax regulation related to these from time-to-time changes itself, igniting the unexpected level of ignoring or even apathetic attitude, which can inhibit required obedience in paying taxes. In this research, we interested in studying deeply about perceived of ebilling and efillingy and influence towards compliance of taxpayer personality at PT. Monysaga Prima. Perceive can be branchmarking whether the tax payers understand the problems, and tax payers perceiving towards those regulations of income taxes with respect to can raise tax payers compliance. By utilizing samples of respondents, that is 68 tax payers registered at PT. Monysaga prima, this research examines the effect of perceived of ebilling and efillingy towards compliance of taxpayers. This statistical method used is multiple regression analysis with SPSS. The result of analysis indicated that confidence level 95% (sig 5%) which means that there are effect of ebillingg and efilling its has significan result
KONSEP KEPEMILIKAN ASSET TETAP DALAM AKUNTANSI SYARIAH
Authors: Ramdany Ramdany
Published: April 2020

Allah SWT is the absolute owner of property as explained in the Qur'an An-Nisa, 132 explains: "And belongs to God what is in the sky and on earth". Then in the Surah Al-Baqarah verse 29 it says: "He is Allah, Who made everything on earth for you." Treasures owned by humans are entrusted by Allah SWT and ownership and use of property by individuals are limited. Whereas conventional ownership of property is unlimited and is only limited by laws and moral ethics in its use. Capra (2001: 26) says that in Islam there is no separation between material (world) and spiritual life ("in spite of its emphasis on morals, Islam does not recognize any watertight distinction between the material and the spiritual"). In that sense it can be concluded that sharia accounting is part of spiritual Islam itself. So it can be interpreted as ownership of assets in sharia accounting following the system of rules that apply in Islamic sharia itself. Recording and reporting of fixed assets in sharia accounting must follow the established sharia method and will be discussed in this article. Includes zakat on fixed assets of the company.
PENGARUH PENJUALAN TERHADAP CURRENT RATIO, QUICK RATIO DAN CASH RATIO PADA PT. CAHAYA PRIMA SENTOSA
Authors: Saputro Taufan Alam , Rawidjo Rawidjo
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of sales on the current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio of the company's liquidity at PT. Cahaya Prima Sentosa. The type of data in this study is secondary data which is quantitative data in the form of nominal figures from the company studied in the form of financial reports of PT. Cahaya Prima Sentosa 2012-2016. Testing the hypothesis in this study using simple linear regression with t test and F test. Based on the results of research that has been done: That sales volume has a strong effect on Current Ratio, which means that sales have a strong effect on Current Ratio, Hypothesis testing using correlation analysis shows that sales volume has a strong effect on liquidity and Hypothesis testing using correlation analysis results show that sales have a strong effect on liquidity.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK SYARIAH DENGAN BANK KONVENSIONAL
Authors: Rachman Harri Yuni , Wati Lela Nurlaela , Riadi Refren
Published: April 2020

This research aims to determine the level of readiness of national banks, especially Sharia Commercial Banks in facing business competition in 2023 in terms of the company's financial performance aspects. The sample in this study was three (3) commercial banks three (3) Syaria Bank for the period 2014 - 2018. The analytical tool used to prove the hypothesis in this study is the independent sample t-test. The information used to measure bank financial performance is based on Bank Financial Publication Reports for the period 2014 - 2018 using CAMEL (Capital, Asset, Management, Earning, and Liquidity) financial valuation indicators summarized in CAR, BOPO, LDR, NIM financial ratios, ROA and NPL. The result of this study showed that there were significant differences, especially the BOPO, ROA and NPL indicators. As for the CAR, LDR and NIM indicators, there was no significant difference. However, when viewed from all aspects of indicators, Islamic Commercial Banks have not been able to show better financial performance compared to Conventional Commercial Banks
PERUBAHAN TINGKAT LIKUIDITAS SAHAM DAN ABNORMAL RETURN YANG DIPENGARUHI OLEH PERISTIWA PEMECAHAN SAHAM
Authors: Sulaiman Achmad Yusup , Darwis Hidayat
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to determine the significance of changes in stock liquidity and abnormal stock returns before and after the stock split. The sample technique used in this study was purposive sampling and the criteria used included the issuer not taking other corporate actions at the same time as the stock split. The samples used in this study were 28 companies. The results of this study indicate that stock split events have a significant effect on the level of stock liquidity. Whereas for abnormal stock returns, stock splits do not affect the overall meaning, stock splits do not affect the level of abnormal stock returns
From Super-Earths to Mini-Neptunes: Implications of a Surface on Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: May E. M. , Rauscher E.
Published: April 2020

It is well known that planets with radii between that of Earth and Neptune have been the most commonly detected to date. To classify these planets as either terrestrial or gaseous, typically we turn to mass–radius relations and composition curves to determine the likelihood of such a planet being rocky or gaseous. While these methods have set a likely transition radius of approximately 1.5 R
⊕, we cannot expect that any change between terrestrial and gaseous compositions will be a sharp cutoff, and composition curve predictions result in ambiguous designations for planets right near this transition radius. In this work, we present 3D general circulation models (GCMs) of transition planets, wherein we study the effects of a surface on observable quantities such as the latitudinal variations and eclipse depths. We present our updated GCM, validated on the circulation of Earth, before discussing our modeling choices for this transition planet. Finally, we discuss the results of this study and explore the prospects of detecting the presence of a surface through observations of secondary eclipses in the future.
Diversity and distribution of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Georgia, Caucasus
Authors: Kokhia Mzia S. , Golovatch Sergei I.
Published: April 2020

The diplopod fauna of Georgia, Transcaucasia, is very rich given the country’s relatively small territory; it presently comprises 103 species from 44 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders. Most of the Diplopoda known from Georgia (86 species, or 83%) demonstrate Caucasian distribution patterns, 36 and 46 species, as well as 8 and 9 genera being endemic or subendemic to the country, respectively. A single Holarctic family, Anthroleucosomatidae (order Chordeumatida), contains 44 Caucasian species and 20 genera, of which 27 species and 14 genera are endemic or subendemic to Georgia. Likewise, all species from the orders Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, Glomerida and Chordeumatida, as well as most species of Julida and Polydesmida are native, also endemic or subendemic to the Caucasus, but the genera and families they represent are widely distributed at least across the Euro-Mediterranean Realm. Most of the presumed troglobionts in the Caucasus appear to be confined to western Georgia’s karst caves (14 species, 5 genera). Within Georgia, the fauna of the western part (= Colchis) is particularly rich and diverse, while that of the central and eastern parts of the country grows increasingly depauperate inland following the gradual climatic aridisation from west (Black Sea coast) to east (Armenia and Azerbaijan). The vertical distribution of the Diplopoda in Georgia, as well as the Caucasus generally, shows the bulk of the fauna restricted to forested lowland to mountain biomes or their remnants. Only very few Chordeumatida and Julus species seem to occur solely in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as high-montane elements. Ongoing and future research on the millipedes of the Caucasus, especially in cave and montane environments, will undoubtedly allow for many more novelties and details of the diversity and distribution of Georgia’s Diplopoda to be revealed or refined.
Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam
Authors: Semenyuk Irina , Golovatch Sergei I. , Wesener Thomas
Published: April 2020

Three new species of the giant pill-millipede family Zephroniidae are described from southern Vietnam: Sphaerobelum pumatensesp. nov., Sphaeropoeus honbaensissp. nov. and Sphaeropoeus bidoupensissp. nov. Two species, Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938 and Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), are redescribed, the former from new material, the latter from type material with lectotype designation. A new transfer is proposed: Zephronia manca Attems, 1936, to the genus Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833, giving the new combination, Sphaeropoeus manca (Attems, 1936) comb. nov.
No Tömösváry organ in flat backed millipedes (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)
Authors: Moritz Leif , Koch Markus
Published: April 2020

The Tömösváry organ is a sensory structure of the head in myriapods and some other terrestrial arthropods. Due to its variable shape, size, and position in millipedes (Diplopoda) the Tömösváry organ is commonly used as diagnostic character in taxonomic descriptions and often included in phylogenetic analyses. For the Polydesmida, the largest millipede order, the Tömösváry organ is inconsistently stated as being either absent or present as a pear-shaped pit covered by a membrane or cuticular disc. In order to resolve this inconsistency, we investigated the morphology of the presumable Tömösváry organ in four polydesmidan species based on paraffin-histology, semi-thin sections and micro-computed tomography. Our results unambiguously favor the view that the articulation of the cephalic tentorium with the head capsule was misidentified as the Tömösváry organ in previous studies, and thus that the Tömösváry organ indeed is absent in the Polydesmida. The pear-shaped pit proved to represent the distal roundish expansion of the incisura lateralis, to which – similarly as in julidan millipedes – the tentorial transverse bar is articulated. The absence of the Tömösváry organ in the Polydesmida does not affect the topology of the interrelationships among the millipede orders retrieved in previous cladistic analyses based on morphology. As a character shared by Colobognatha and Juliformia, however, absence of a Tömösváry organ in Polydesmida favors the optimization of its presence in nematophoran millipedes as a reversal. Further studies are needed to clarify whether among chilognathan millipedes a Tömösváry organ really exists in taxa such as Stemmiulida, and whether the Tömösváry organs are homologous across millipedes.
The millipede genus Globanus Attems, 1914, endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe, with the description of a new species (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)
Authors: VandenSpiegel Didier , Shelley Rowland M. , Golovatch Sergei I.
Published: April 2020

During a soil zoological expedition to São Tomé and Príncipe in 2010 by the California Academy of Sciences, millipedes of the genus Globanus were collected. Samples of G. marginescaber (Karsch, 1884) and G. integer (Karsch, 1884) were recovered in addition to those containing a new species. Globanus drewesisp. nov. is described and additional records, illustrations, and descriptive notes are given for the other two species. A key to all three species of the genus is provided, and a distribution map is presented. The monotypic genus Lobogonus Demange, 1971, which includes L. trilobatus Demange, 1971, from Sierra Leone, mainland western Africa, is revalidated and removed from synonymy under Globanus. Lobogonus is illustrated from a type specimen.
Editorial
Authors: Korsós Zoltán , Dányi László
Published: April 2020

Editorial
Biraben’s lists of the plague epidemics of the second plague pandemic, 1346 – c. 1690: problems, basis, uses
Authors: Benedictow Ole Jørgen
Published: April 2020

En 1975, J.-N. Biraben, médecin et historien démographe français, a publié un grand ouvrage en deux volumes sur les épidémies historiques de peste et sur leurs aspects médicaux et culturels. L’ouvrage a été très bien accueilli et considéré comme une contribution importante et pionnière à l’histoire de la peste. Le premier volume contenait deux listes des épidémies de la deuxième pandémie de peste (1346 – c. 1690), qui offrent potentiellement des informations très utiles sur la fréquence, les cycles, le rythme et la propagation territoriale des épidémies de peste. Dans un article récent, J. Roosen et D. R. Curtis soutiennent que ces listes n’ont pas de bases matérielles solides dans les sources et devraient être considérées comme arbitraires et inutiles. Dans cette réponse, en défense de Biraben, il est avancé que les listes de Biraben étaient fondées sur des recherches publiées identifiables et qu’elles sont, du moins pour l’essentiel, contrôlables. Le rejet de l’utilité de ces listes dans la recherche sur la peste est fondée sur une connaissance déficiente des travaux de Biraben.
Also a class (hi)story: working-class struggles and political socialization on the eve of Lebanese Civil War
Authors: Tufaro Rossana
Published: April 2020

En revenant sur l’expérience politique des Comités des Ouvriers, la contribution suivante se propose d’analyser l’incidence des pressions socioéconomiques et de l’idéologie dans le processus de dislocation et de recomposition de classe des identités et des solidarités politiques au Liban au début des années soixante-dix, qui a marqué le processus de constitution du Mouvement National Libanais. La contribution suggère que le réexamen généalogique des années de l’avant-guerre, tenant compte aussi bien de la notion de classe que des ferments idéologiques et de leur pouvoir transformatif, pourrait représenter un point de départ valide pour la relecture critique des narrations souvent simplistes et trompeuses à travers lesquelles la phase initiale du conflit a été généralement comprise.
La survie des établissements de santé durant la guerre du Liban. Le cas de l’hôpital Rizk
Authors: Rizk Emilie
Published: April 2020

Durant la Guerre du Liban (1975-1990), de grands défis se posent au niveau des infrastructures de santé, gravement affectées par le conflit. La sécurité fait défaut, le personnel médical et infirmier qualifié diminue, les hôpitaux sont parfois la cible de bombardements directs, les blessés arrivent massivement, les ressources manquent. Comment un hôpital situé sur le front peut-il survivre et continuer à assurer sa mission en période de conflits armés durant lesquels le droit international humanitaire est bafoué par tous les belligérants ?
Le Front libanais face à l’intervention syrienne au Liban : approche historique d’une polémique mémorielle
Authors: El Khoury Yara
Published: April 2020

Cet article se penche sur l’un des acteurs majeurs de la guerre du Liban, le Front libanais. L’étude qui lui est consacrée retrace les étapes de sa genèse, en les situant dans le contexte de l’intervention armée syrienne au Liban en juin 1976. La recherche tente d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur une polémique mémorielle qui a fait porter au Front libanais la responsabilité de l’entrée des troupes syriennes au Liban.
Les usages du passé au Liban : le cas du passé de guerre des Palestiniens
Authors: Abou Zaki Hala C.
Published: April 2020

Les seize années de guerre entre 1975 et 1990 bouleversent profondément la société palestinienne du Liban, elles en modifient sa structure sociale, politique et familiale. L’ampleur des violences et des destructions a pour corollaire des déplacements massifs de population qui ne sont que le reflet de l’affaiblissement de l’Organisation de libération de la Palestine (OLP) pendant la guerre. Comptant parmi les principaux perdants de la Guerre du Liban, les Palestiniens sont accusés d’en être les principaux responsables. Ils sont parfois présentés comme des « étrangers » (ghurabâ′) qui auraient mis en péril le pays, voire même des « hôtes » (duyûf) qui auraient abusé de l’hospitalité des Libanais. Cet article propose de revenir sur la manière dont le passé de guerre des Palestiniens au Liban est mobilisé au présent, au sein de la société libanaise, afin de légitimer voire produire leur marginalisation et leur exclusion dans le pays mais également pour voiler les dissensions et tensions locales.
Le höyük de Porsuk, une forteresse hittite en Cappadoce méridionale
Authors: Pelon† Olivier
Published: April 2020

In this contribution, the late Professor Olivier Pelon, former head of the Porsuk excavations, traces the different stages of the discovery of the site and the first research campaigns conducted since 1969. The site resources, its strategic position near the Cilician Gates and its links with the Taurus lead mines are the reasons for the installation of this settlement, powerfully fortified probably by the Hittites as early as the second half of the 17th century BC and then again by their successors in the Neo-Hittite period around the 8th century BC.
Fonctions des espaces des niveaux hellénistiques et romains du site de Porsuk
Authors: Kirner Françoise
Published: April 2020

The function of the spaces from the Roman and Hellenistic levels in Porsuk can be inferred by the articulation artifacts and spaces in which they are discovered. Comparison with other sites of Anatolia or the Syro-Palestinian coast allows defining the activities, including a typology of furnaces, and assuming hypothesis in the case of isolated facilities. The study of materials, including ceramics, in relation with other publications and with the old excavations, provides some answers as to the exact nature of the activities. The site also allows to observe the evolution of the architectural organization and traffic between the Hellenistic and Roman levels. These works engage a first approach concerning influences that were at work on the site Porsuk, rural village at the gates of Cilicia where domestic and craft activities coexisted.
La Cappadoce et les provinces d’Orient dans l’Antiquité tardive (4e-7e siècle pC)
Authors: Métivier Sophie
Published: April 2020

Although Cappadocia did not become a border province of the Byzantine Empire until the 8th century, it did occupy, particularly its southernmost region, a pivotal position between Anatolia and the Eastern provinces.This location provided a strategic position in the Empire, before weakening after Syria and Mesopotamia passed under Islamic rule. This paper aims at 1) highlighting the close cultural, religious and economic ties that united Cappadocia with Syria and Palestine, precisely when the Eastern Roman Empire began to develop around Constantinople; and 2) analyzing the impact of these links in the very history of Cappadocia. To what extent southern Cappadocia which, for many years, was a contact region, has become a margin?
Motivational profile and emotional intensity in school basketball: predictor variables
Authors: Muñoz-Arroyave Verónica , Lavega-Burgués Pere , Pic Miguel , Serna Jorge , Echeverri Alberio
Published: April 2020

This research investigated the capacity that game characteristics and protagonists have to predict emotional intensity, as well as motivational orientation (towards performance or outcome). A total of 183 elementary and high school students from four Spanish regions joined the study (boys = 43.7% and girls = 56.2%), aged 12 to 17 years old. Two 60-minute intervention sessions were carried out (15-20’ per game); emotional intensity was assessed at the end of the session using the GES, whereas motivational profiles were assessed through the BREQ3. For data analysis, the decision tree technique known as CHAID was employed. The findings allow highlighting that: a) competition result and game type can predict the participants' emotional intensity; b) result during the match, along with gender, can predict performance-oriented motivational profiles; and c) gender and result, in addition to sports background, help predict motivational profiles not oriented to performance.
Associação entre aptidão funcional e qualidade de vida de idosas participantes de um programa de atividade física de Curitiba, Brasil
Authors: Vagetti Gislaine Cristina , Gomes Fabio Ricardo Hilgenberg , Silva Michael Pereira da , Gasparotto Guilherme da Silva , Oliveira Valdomiro de , Campos Wagner de
Published: April 2020

Com o crescimento constante da população idosa torna-se necessário a discussão sobre os aspectos relacionados a aptidão funcional, uma vez que essa pode interferir no envelhecimento saudável. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a associação entre aptidão funcional e qualidade de vida em 1737 idosas participantes de um programa de atividade física de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Foi aplicado o Questionário sociodemográfico, a versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), e os questionários de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD. Também foi aplicado a bateria de testes de aptidão funcional “Senior Fitness Test” (SFT). Foi utilizado a análise descritiva das variáveis e o Modelo de regressão logística ordinal para verificar as associações entre as variáveis de aptidão funcional e os domínios da qualidade de vida por meio do software STATA 13.0 MP, com significância de p<0,05. Os resultados indicaram que idosas com aptidão funcional adequada apresentaram mais chances de estarem no tercil mais alto da qualidade de vida e domínios na avaliação do WHOQOL-BREF (variando entre 1,21 a 1,49) e WHOQOL-OLD (variando de 1,18 até 1,60). Os resultados apontaram que uma melhor aptidão funcional  apresenta-se positivamente associada a percepção positiva da qualidade de vida e de seus domínios em idosas.
The institutional origin of an international coalition in favor of the right to sport
Authors: Canan Felipe , Rojo Jeferson Roberto , Starepravo Fernando Augusto
Published: April 2020

We aimed do analyze the configuration of the relationships established among intergovernmental/transnational organizations that have been ahead for institutionalizing the idea of the right to sport from 1968 to 1978. We used analysis of documents under the theoretical perspective of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. It was seen that the organizations started a coalition to defend a belief system regarding the idea of the right to sport. However, such a movement was not contrary to the elite sport. It can be concluded that the institutional construction process of the idea of the right to sport in an international context occurred in a nonconflicting way with a partnership of actions, despite a certain difference of beliefs.
Diferença no padrão de complexos e tempos de rallies entre voleibol escolar e de alto rendimento
Authors: De Angelis Otávio Guerson Rodrigues , Bento Wilian dos Santos , Silva Isaias Soares da , Oliveira Vinícius Resende de , Franco Frederico Souzalima Caldoncelli
Published: April 2020

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o padrão dos tempos de rally e dos complexos no voleibol escolar. Analisou-se 52 jogos, que foram gravados em filmadora digital. Avaliou-se os tempos de rallies e seus intervalos, a densidade do set, além de quantificar e caracterizar os complexos e as ações nos rallies. Os resultados mostram que o voleibol escolar exibe tempo de intervalo entre rallies 2,5x maior que o tempo de rally, caracterizando-o como um esporte intermitente de alta intensidade em curta duração. Equipes escolares mais jovens e femininas realizam menores números de complexos e de ações, reduzindo o tempo de rally, porém, elevam o tempo de intervalos entre rallies promovendo menor densidade de jogo. O voleibol escolar exibe padrão dos tempos de rallies, frequências dos tipos de complexos e número de ações similares aos de alto rendimento. Também verificou-se que o tempo de intervalo não altera entre os tipos de rallies. Todavia, diferem na quantidade de complexos por rally e na densidade de tempo jogado, devido apresentar maior tempo de rally e menor de intervalos. Conclui-se que o voleibol escolar Sub17 masculino exibe maiores similaridades nos padrões de rallies e complexos ao voleibol de alto rendimento.
Relative age effect on competitive performance in judo athletes
Authors: Lucena Eduardo Victor Ramalho , Paes Pedro Pinheiro , Correia Gustavo Augusto Fernandes , Souza Bruna Giovana Correia , Sousa Mayllane Pereira da Silva , Lira Hugo Alvares
Published: April 2020

The difference of chronological age in an age group is called Relative Age (RA) and its consequences on the performance of athletes is called Relative Age Effect (RAE). It is believed that the RAE among young athletes can affect their competitive success in many ways, even into adulthood. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the EIR in all judo competitors of the national competitions of the year 2013, making the differentiation by age categories and the competitive performance. This study included 862 male athletes and 637 female athletes. The chi-square was used to compare the observed and expected values among quartiles, adopting significance as p < 0.05. A post hoc Bonferroni analysis was used to identify where the significant differences were (adjusted p < 0.00417). The results showed a significant difference in the male sub-15 categories (Q2 in G1: OV= 17, EV = 9.7, p = 0.001) and male sub-23 (Q1 in G3: OV= 37, EV = 10.1; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the RAE was only identified in male athletes. However, there was great discrepancy between athletes born in the first semester and athletes born in the second semester.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DO FELDSPATO PEGMATÍTICO DO DEPÓSITO ALTO DA SERRA BRANCA/PB
Authors: Ferreira Gerson , Viera Elbert Valdiviezo
Published: April 2020

A demanda por melhoramento, eficiência e um adequado funcionamento dos equipamentos que envolvem o processo de cominuição, tem levado inúmeros estudiosos, e empresas a estudarem a matéria-prima, as técnicas, e os processos de beneficiamento dos minerais pegmatíticos, visando a sua aplicação na indústria de forma otimizada. Para desenvolvimento deste estudo, a amostra de minério, e de feldspato pegmatítico foram coletadas no depósito Alto Serra Branca, e em seguida realizados os ensaios tecnológicos, em escala de laboratório. Essas amostras foram identificadas, e preparadas em granulometria de 200 malhas, e posteriormente conduzida aos ensaios físicos, caracterização mineralógica, e de análises térmicas. Os resultados dos ensaios físicos, e de caracterização, mostraram que se trata de feldspato albita. Essas informações e subsídios obtidos irão contribuir em uma segunda etapa da pesquisa na otimização da unidade de beneficiamento desse pegmatito.
AVALIAÇÃO TÉCNICA E AMBIENTAL DE CONCRETOS CONTENDO RESÍDUO DE CERÂMICA VERMELHA COMO SUBSTITUIÇÃO COMBINADA DE CIMENTO E AGREGADO MIÚDO
Authors: Machado da Motta Elaine Aparecida , Valentin de Lima Fantin Tania , Hentges Tatiane Isabel
Published: April 2020

Entre os principais desafios enfrentados pelo setor da construção civil está a necessidade de minimização dos impactos ambientais gerados pelas suas atividades, principalmente a extração de recursos naturais, a geração de resíduos e emissões atmosféricas. Estudos que empregaram o resíduo de cerâmica vermelha (RCV) em concretos indicam o potencial de aproveitamento deste material tanto como agregado miúdo quanto como material cimentício suplementar. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa buscou avaliar a influência de substituições parciais unitárias e combinadas de cimento e de agregado miúdo natural por resíduo de cerâmica vermelha cominuído. Observou-se que o RCV aplicado nesta pesquisa reduziu a fluidez no estado fresco das misturas de concreto e, no estado endurecido, apresentou baixa ou nenhuma atividade pozolânica, não contribuindo na resistência a compressão dos concretos desenvolvidos. Entretanto, a resistividade elétrica indica preenchimento de poros. Por fim, as emissões relativas dos concretos com RCV demonstram que o aproveitamento do resíduo gera um desempenho similar ao referência.
ESTUDO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE TEMPERATURA NA PASTEURIZAÇÃO LENTA DE LEITE ORGÂNICO EM TACHO DE AÇO INOXIDÁVEL
Authors: Steffens Juliana , Amorin Sandra Gomes , Souza Fernanda Arpini , Felicetti Marcos Alceu , Ballen Sandra Cristina
Published: April 2020

Nos últimos anos vem crescendo a produção de leite orgânico, com isso se faz necessário estudo para viabilizar a comercialização desse produto. A utilização de equipamentos alternativos, como o tacho inoxidável, pode colaborar na viabilização do uso da pasteurização lenta do leite por pequenos produtores, podendo facilitar a comercialização do produto, melhorando assim a rentabilidade da atividade em feiras e diminuindo o comércio de leite informal. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a distribuição de temperatura em tacho inoxidável, na pasteurização de leite orgânico previamente envasado. 4 lotes de     20 litros de leite orgânico foram processados e analisados em relação a contagens de mesófilos aeróbicos, coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes, salmonella sp. e pesquisa da atividade das enzimas fosfatase e peroxidase. Também foi avaliada a distribuição de temperatura no tacho e o tempo necessário para alcançar a temperatura de pasteurização dentro da garrafa de polietileno de alta densidade. A eficiência do processo de pasteurização em reduzir o número de mesófilos aeróbicos do leite variou de 99,33 a 99,38%. Dos quatro lotes apenas um apresentou contagem de coliformes totais>3,0 NMP/mL, nas demais análises todos apresentaram conformidades com a legislação. O tempo para iniciar a pasteurização variou de 31 min a 34 min. O tacho apresentou boa distribuição de temperatura, não necessitando sistema de agitação. O processo de pasteurização lenta do leite orgânico foi eficiente na redução de microrganismos, além da boa homogeneidade da distribuição de temperatura, podendo ser uma alternativa viável para os pequenos produtores da região, principalmente para comercialização em feiras.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE INTERFACE GRÁFICA DE USUÁRIO NO PROGRAMA SCILAB PARA ANÁLISE NÃO LINEAR FÍSICA DE BARRA
Authors: André Kazuhiro Shiotani  , Souza Luiz Antonio Farani de
Published: April 2020

Em geral, problemas estruturais que envolvem uma análise não linear física e/ou geométrica tornam sua solução manual impraticável. Programas específicos para esses problemas não são acessíveis ao grande público, seja por inviabilidade econômica ou por questões de requisitos de poder computacional. Assim, a criação de ferramentas próprias se mostra uma alternativa visto que há diversas opções de plataformas de programação. Neste artigo foram desenvolvidas interfaces de programação para a resolução de um problema de não linearidade física na plataforma Scilab. Verificou-se a validade dos resultados com os dados de referência, e conclui-se que interfaces gráficas facilitam a utilização de ferramentas computacionais de análise estrutural.
On the Inoculation and Phase Formation of Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 and Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10 Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites
Authors: Rafique Muhammad Musaddique Ali
Published: April 2020

Bulk metallic glass matrix composites have emerged as new potential material for structural engineering applications owing to their superior strength, hardness and high elastic strain limit. However, their behaviour is dubious. They manifest brittleness and inferior ductility which limit their applications. Various methods have been proposed to overcome this problem. Out of these, introduction of foreign particles (inoculants) during solidification have been proposed as most effective. In this study, an effort has been made to delimit this drawback. A systematic tale has been presented which explain the evolution of microstructure in Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 and Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10 bulk metallic glass matrix composites with varying percentage of ZrC inoculant as analysed by secondary electron and back scatter electron imaging of as cast unetched samples. A support is provided to hypothesis that inoculation remain successful in promoting phase formation and crystallinity and improve toughness.
Editors' Note
Authors: Banks Kendall , Wheeler Jackie
Published: April 2020

Letter from the Editors of Policy Perspectives Volume 27