bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous demand for soybean quality
Authors:   CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana, Martey Edward , Goldsmith Peter ,   Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, USA
Published: December 2021

Agricultural commercialisation is a critical pathway for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the lack of market information may impede this development. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to examine market information and preferences for soybean quality in a developing-world context. We seek to understand the nature of information markets associated with the nascent soybean trade in Sub-Saharan Africa in order to inform the market and policy of previously unknown key marketing information. The research involves a discrete choice experiment with 228 buyers of soybean involving five key soybean quality attributes. The sample represents three distinct classes of buyer/traders: wholesalers, processors and retailers. Traders significantly discount the price of soybean attributes such as off-colour, small grain size, low oil levels and high contamination with foreign material, such as stones. Foreign material ranks highest of the attributes that we examined, in terms of the discount level, at 22%. The study finds significant preference heterogeneity among traders, explained partly by the socioeconomic and trade characteristics of the respondents. We identified three distinct classes of traders per the latent class logit (LCL) results, namely ‘high price discounters’, ‘big bean supporters’, and ‘oil sceptics’. Our findings improve soybean market information, transparency and signalling. This will lead farmers to be more efficient and allow policymakers to understand better how the market actually prices grain at the farm gate.
Contrat de travail et performance des exploitations cacaoyères dans le Mbam et Kim au Cameroun
Authors:   Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), BP 2123, Yaoundé, Cameroun, Nso Ngang André , Bergaly Kamdem Cyrille ,   Université de Yaoundé II Soa, BP: 1365, Yaoundé, Cameroun, Kaldjob Mbeh Christian Bernard ,   Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), BP 2123, Yaoundé, Cameroun, Pedelahore Philippe ,   CIRAD, UMR Innovation, F 34398, Montpellier, France, Onana Dieudonné ,   Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), BP 2123, Yaoundé, Cameroun, Akoa Etoa Joséphine Mireille ,   Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), BP 2123, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
Published: December 2021

Dans le but d’appréhender l’influence des types de contrat de travail sur les performances des exploitations cacaoyères dans le Mbam et Kim au Cameroun, un échantillonnage raisonné a permis de sélectionner 114 exploitants cacaoyers. L’approche à deux étapes recourant aux modèles Data Enveloppent Analysis (DEA) et Tobit censuré a permis d’analyser l’efficacité des exploitations. Deux types de contrat ont été identifiés: le contrat annuel fixe (CAF) et le contrat par pourcentage de vente (CPV) de cacao récolté. Les résultats montrent que le CPV semble plus performant par rapport au CAF en termes de productivité et de d’allocation. Par ailleurs, l’augmentation de la superficie des exploitations, du nombre de défrichements et le traitement mixte sont les facteurs qui contribuent mieux à l’inefficacité de ces cacaoyères, tandis que la récolte sanitaire, l’augmentation du nombre de réglages d’ombrage et des tailles du cacaoyer sont sources d’efficacité.
Success criteria for commodity exchanges
Authors:   Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy (CEEP), School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Spencer Roche Julian
Published: December 2021

The starting point for this article is the concept of a commodity exchange. A working definition is a physical or – more likely – electronic marketplace for buying, selling and trading commodities, whether ‘hard’ commodities, which typically are natural resources that must be mined or extracted (gold, rubber, oil, etc.), or ‘soft’ commodities, which are mainly agricultural products or livestock (coffee, corn, cotton, sugar, soybeans, etc.). The purpose of the exchange is to provide an organised and reliable marketplace where exchange members can trade commodities on behalf of their clients, which can range from farmers to speculators. Some exchanges trade commodities for spot or forward delivery, whilst others provide futures and options, where deliveries are rare or settlement is in cash (Gross 2014). Most exchanges operate under a national regulatory framework approved by government. Exchanges matter because they act as intermediaries, removing credit risk between their members by interposing themselves between buyers and sellers.
Fishing location choice and risk preferences among small fishers – Implications for fisheries management policies
Authors:   Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Mauritius, Moka, Mauritius, Sultan Riad
Published: December 2021

The study provides evidence for how risk preferences determine fishing location choices by artisanal fishers on the south-west coast of the island of Mauritius. Risk preference is modelled using a random linear utility framework defined over mean-standard deviation space. The study estimates expected revenue and revenue risk from the Just and Pope production function and applies the random parameter logit model to account for fisher-specific and location-specific characteristics. The findings are consistent with utility-maximising fishers, whereby the likelihood to choose a fishing location is positively associated with expected revenue and negatively related to revenue risk. Distance from fishing station to fishing grounds affects the choice of fishing location negatively. The estimated model allows heterogeneity in risk preferences and concludes that 51% of fishers can be classified as risk averse, 31% as risk seekers and the remaining as risk neutral. The study also estimates the degree of substitutability and complementarity between fishing locations based on the risk preferences of fishers and discusses the relevance of this for fisheries management policy.
Marketing of baobab pulp in Kenya: Collectors’ choice of rural versus urban markets
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Kaimba George ,   Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany., Muendo Kavoi ,   Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Mithöfer Dagmar ,   Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences; now: Agrifood Chain Management Group, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
Published: December 2021

Baobab products provide cash income and supplement diets for local communities living in marginalised, arid and semi-arid regions. However, these products are neglected by research, selectively traded and considered underutilised. This study endeavours to narrow this information gap by analysing the determinants of baobab collectors’ choice of marketing channels in Kenya. A multinomial logit was employed, using a dataset of 268 baobab collectors from three counties. The results show that the majority of baobab collectors sell their baobab pulp through rural markets (assemblers and rural wholesalers), as opposed to urban buyers (urban wholesalers, retailers and processors). Export channels are conspicuously missing from the chain. Human capital and transactional and institutional factors significantly influence the collectors’ choice of marketing channels. The results reveal that building capacity around market development, research and education, road networks and institutional services is essential to create more profitable channels for generating income, enhancing food security and reducing malnutrition.
Effect of social networks on household dietary diversity: Evidence from smallholder farmers in Kisii and Nyamira counties, Kenya
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya., Mbugua Mercy , Nzuma Jonathan ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Published: December 2021

Nutrition knowledge is an important driver of household dietary diversity that can be improved through access to nutrition information. However, in many rural areas, the formal flow of nutrition information is limited, although social networks could play an important role as an informal source of such information. This paper evaluates the effect of nutrition information networks on household dietary diversity in Nyamira and Kisii counties in Kenya. The paper employs a Poisson regression model on a sample of 462 farmers selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The results show that the average household dietary diversity of an individual’s network (a proxy for social networks) had a positive and significant effect on the dietary diversity of the individual, implying that social networks have a positive effect on household dietary diversity. Moreover, the average education of an individual’s network, along with household size, wealth status and farm size, had positive significant effects on household dietary diversity. These results imply that farmers’ social networks could be used as a complementary tool for the effective delivery of nutrition education targeting the enhancement of nutritional quality.
Liens empiriques entre financement agricole et sécurité alimentaire au Sénégal
Authors:   Université de Thiès, Centre de Recherche en Economie et Finance Appliquées de Thiès (CREFAT), BP 967 Thiès Sénéga, Thiam Ibrahima
Published: December 2021

En partant du postulat que le financement agricole contribue de manière significative à la production agricole, cet article analyse les liens entre ressources mobilisées pour le secteur et la sécurité alimentaire au Sénégal. La méthodologie s’appuie sur un modèle de régression multiple, à partir des travaux de Kpodar (2006). Les résultats montrent que toutes les variables, à l’exception du crédit des IMF, impactent significativement la prévalence de la sous-alimentation. Leur hausse permet de réduire l’insécurité alimentaire. L’élasticité de la valeur ajoutée non agricole est plus importante (-4,08) suivie de celle de la démographie (-3,04). L’élasticité de la valeur ajoutée agricole affiche -1,46 et celle du financement -0,43. Quatre implications de politiques économiques sont formulées : renforcer et diversifier le financement agricole, favoriser le développement des marchés alimentaires, accompagner la transformation par l’industrialisation légère et mettre en place une ossature institutionnelle capable de promouvoir la production agricole, au Sénégal.
Income and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trade-offs on smallholder farms at two sites in northern Nigeria
Authors:   Samaru College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, Nigeri, Ayinde Taiwo , Nicholson Charles* ,   Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USA, Ahmed Benjamin ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, ABU Zaria, Nigeria, Ayantunde Augustine ,   International Livestock Research Institute, 01BP 1496 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Akinola Mathew ,   Department of Agricultural Extension-Rural Development, ABU Zaria, Nigeria, Yusuf Oseni ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, ABU Zaria, Nigeria. E-mail
Published: December 2021

This study analysesthe trade-offs between welfare (measured by income) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using a farm-level optimisation model that incorporates the predominant cereal (sorghum), legumes (groundnut, soybeans), livestock (cattle, goats and sheep) and trees (locust bean, camel’s foot) representative of production systems at two contrasting sites in northern Nigeria. The optimisation model maximises the value of total farm production, subject to constraints on GHG reductions of 10%, 25% and the maximum reductions that allow households to meet minimum consumption requirements. Substantive reductions in livestock and legume production would be required to achieve the maximum possible reductions from current emissions and would reduce household income by 22% and 44%, respectively. Under current production practices, reductions in GHG emissions reduce household income, which suggests the need for further research on productivity-enhancing technologies that could both enhance income and reduce GHG emissions in these production contexts.
Consumer willingness to pay for fair-trade attributes of goat meat in Kenya: A choice experiment analysis
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Jakinda Otieno David
Published: December 2021

Fair trade is an important ethical concern in the food value chains of developed countries. However, there is a dearth of empirical insights into consumer preferences for this critical aspect in the domestic markets of developing countries. The current study analysed consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for fair-trade attributes in the goat meat value chain in Nairobi, Kenya. Choice experiment data from 270 randomly sampled consumers was analysed using the random parameter logit (RPL) model. The results show that 56% of the consumers were aware of the fair-trade concept and 64% of them were willing to pay for fair-trade-compliant practices. Specifically, consumers were willing to pay a premium of 62% to prevent child labour, 45% to support provision of medical insurance for workers in the meat value chain, 40% for direct purchase from producers, 39% for fair-trade labelling and 30% to support disabled people as part of corporate social responsibility.
Influence of weather shocks and coping strategies on food consumption: Evidence from rural Niger
Authors:   Department of Economics, Strome College of Business, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA, USA, Gao Jianfeng , F. Mills* Bradford ,   Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA, USA
Published: December 2021

Weather is an important determinant of household well-being in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper explores the relationship between novel measures of cropping-season weather conditions and household food consumption in rural Niger, and how household coping mechanisms mediate that relationship. We employ a panel logit model to show that the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and extreme heat degree day (EHDD) measures are associated with subjective self-reporting of drought in a panel dataset of 2 264 households. We then show, with a household fixed-effects panel model, that low NDVI and high EHDD measures are associated with significant decreases in household per capita food consumption. Household coping strategies, such as the disbursement of savings, temporary migration of a family member, and the adoption of heat-resistant agricultural technologies, are found to partially mitigate, but not fully alleviate, the negative effects of weather shocks on consumption. More comprehensive coping mechanisms are needed to improve household resilience to weather shocks.
Does the inverse farm size productivity hypothesis hold for perennial monocrop systems in developing countries? Evidence from Kenya
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya., Ateka* Josiah , Ayieko Onono-Okelo Perez ,   Department of Applied Economics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Etyang Martin ,   Department of Economic Theory, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Published: December 2021

The inverse farm size and productivity relationship (IR) is a recurring theme in the literature. However, most previous studies were undertaken within a setting of mixed cropping systems. In this article, we investigate the effect of farm size on productivity within the context of a perennial monocropping system, acute competition for farmland, frequent subdivision of farms and declining yields. We apply household survey data of smallholder tea farms in western Kenya and consider both technical efficiency (TE) and the yield per hectare as indicators of productivity. The findings show that the effect of farm size on productivity is nonlinear, with TE initially declining and then rising with farm size. The findings also demonstrate that the farm size and productivity relationship is important for perennial monocrops and that the use of robust measures of productivity is important for the IR. The findings have important implications for agricultural policy in developing countries.
Are integrated livestock disease-management practices complements or substitutes? The case of AAT control in rural Ethiopia
Authors:   Institute of Development and Agricultural Economics, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany., Emmanuel Weyori Alirah
Published: December 2021

Livestock, particularly cattle, are an integral part of livelihoods in rural sub-Saharan Africa. However, diseases such as African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) have limited the potential of this important sector in the rural household economy. Using a representative sample of small-scale cattle farmers, this study investigates the adoption of modern AAT-management technologies in rural Ethiopia. Specifically, this study investigatesthe adoption of so-called ‘best-bet technologies’ (BBTs), recommended by veterinary experts as complementary measures to manage AAT. The results show that the multiple adoption of BBTs was low. In addition, BBTs were adopted as substitutes, and not as complements as suggested by veterinary experts. The results suggest budgetary constraints are proxied by wealth, and information asymmetry explains the substitution effects. The training and reeducation of veterinary personnel, as well as programmes and interventions that would improve access to livestock-management inputs, should be pursued vigorously by policy makers to increase the adoption of modern AAT-management technologies to improve cattle productivity.
La relation entre accord et concordance dans deux dialectes des Grisons
Authors: Pescarini Diego
Published: December 2021

This article deals with the agreement system of two dialects spoken in southern Switzerland. In both, FPL agreement is marked by the suffix -n, which is a reflex of the 6th person verbal ending. In Bregagliotto, the more conservative dialect of the two, -n occurs in the second position of FPL NPS (FPL and FSG NPs are otherwise identical). In Mesolcinese, -n occurs on all inflected elements that agree with a feminine plural controller (including finite verbs), except definite articles and subject clitics.
Semantica ed etimologia dell’armeno hnjan ‘vasca in cui si preme l’uva’
Authors: Schirru Giancarlo
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the Armenian substantive hnjan, which in the modern language denotes the ‘wine-press’ or a ‘rural hut located on the fields’. An exam of its use in the texts of classical age where it is attested (the translation of the Bible and the History of Armenians of Agathangelos) allows to recognize an original meaning of ‘hole dug for the squeezing and the fermentation of the grapes’. The etymology proposed connects the word with Sanskrit paṅka- ‘mud, mire, dirt, clay; ointment; moral impurity’, and a German cognate represented by Old High German fūhti, fūht, Anglo-Saxon fūht ‘damp, moist’, the German source of the Romance loanwords Italian, fango, French fange, Catalan fanc ‘mud, mire’.
PENGARUH WORD OF MOUTH DAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA RESTORAN RUNNING KOREAN STREET FOOD DI MALL PLAZA MULIA SAMARINDA
Authors: Qomariah Nurul
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to know the variables consisting of Word of Mouth and Brand Image are simultaneously, partially, and dominant against purchasing decisions on Running Korean Street Food in Samarinda. The study uses Word of Mouth theory with five indicators, namely Talkers, Topics, Tools, Taking Part, and Tracking. Then the Brand Image theory with three indicators, namely corporate image, product image, user image. Purchasing decision theory, namely with five indicators of introduction of needs, information retrieval, alternative evaluation, purchasing decisions, post-purchase behavior. Using quantitative descriptive research method is research using survey through questionnaire. The population in this study was the consumer who came to Running Korean Street Food in Samarinda. Sampling techniques using non-probability sampling technique is Simple Random Sampling with a sample number of 100 respondents. This research is a quantitative study. The analytical techniques used are multiple linear regression analyses with SPSS version 25 applications. The results of this study show that from the results of the F test tally it can be stated that Word of Mouth and Brand Image are of significant effect simultaneously or simultaneous to purchasing decisions. From the results of test counting T can be stated that between Word of Mouth and Brand Image. Brand Image is a partially significant variable of influence on purchasing decisions on Running Korean Street Food in Samarinda. 3). From the dominant test result is known that the variable Brand Image is a variable that is dominant influence on the purchase decision on Running Korean Street Food with a value of counting T 4,889 and the value of Sig. 0.000 or smaller than 0.05.
Clinical and Radiologic Diagnosis of a Patient with Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome
Authors:   Advisor in Pediatrics and Pediatric Psychiatry, Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City, Iraq, Al-Mosawi Aamir Jalal
Published: December 2021

Background: Diagnosis of rare diseases or disorders is understandably challenging because it is unfeasible for practicing physicians to make themselves familiar with hundreds of rare diseases. The diagnosis of rare inherited metabolic syndromes such as mucopolysaccharidoses is additionally complicated by the lack of confirmatory sophisticated laboratory tests in many areas of the world. In the more developed countries, the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses depends on urine tests for excessive mucopolysaccharides and enzyme assays. However, these tests are not easily accessible in countries like Iraq, and the diagnosis has to rely on clinical and radiological findings. Case Report: The clinical and radiologic diagnosis of an Iraqi patient with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome is described. The clinical diagnosis of the girl with early-onset mucopolysaccharidosis and the abnormalities were recognizable before the age of two. The clinical and radiologic diagnosis was Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome because of the absence of mental retardation and the presence of hepatosplenomegaly. Conclusion: Clinical diagnosis of rare metabolic syndromes like mucopolysaccharidoses requires magnificent clinical skills and huge experience because of the similarity between various types of mucopolysaccharidoses.
Discriminating Bangladeshi Adults by Level of Blood Pressure
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Bhuyan KC
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present work was to discriminate Bangladeshi adults of 18 years and above according to their blood pressure level and to identify some factors responsible for discrimination. Accordingly, the analysis was done utilizing the data collected from 960 adults of both urban and rural areas. The respondents were investigated by some doctors and nurses from and nearby their working places. During investigation, the blood pressure (mmHg) of the respondents were recorded. It was observed that 45.4% adults had optimal blood pressure. The percentages of normal, high normal and hypertensive adults were 39.5, 9.4 and 5.7, respectively. High normal and hypertension was more likely among urban, non-Muslim, female, single, aged, illiterate, physically inactive, involved in sedentary activities, obese subjects. Adults of lower income group of families and higher expenditure group of families were also more exposed to the problem of higher blood pressure. The problem was more likely in smokers, restaurant and can food consumers. Age, utilization of time, and accustomed with can food were the most responsible factors in discriminating the adults of different groups. The other responsible variables were gender variation, level of education and body mass index (BMI).
Combination of carbohydrases and essential oils improve dietary performance of feedlot steers on a high-energy diet
Authors:   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Abreu Jorge Augusto Dias da Costa , Neumann Mikael ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Paris Wagner ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Souza André Martins de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vigne Gabriela Letícia Delai ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Almeida Eduardo Rodrigues de ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Cristo Fernando Braga ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Sidor Fernando de Souza ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Published: December 2021

Essential oils and enzymes are alternatives to feed additives for ruminants that aim to replace the use of ionophores and improve animal performance, but their mechanisms of action are different. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify if there is a synergistic effect in the combined use of enzymes carbohydrates and essential oils on the performance, ingestive behavior and carcass traits of steers fed a high-energy diet. During the finishing period of 78 days, 40 steers were assigned to four treatments: CON- control; ENZ- enzymatic complex; EO- essential oil blend; ENZ+EO - enzymatic complex combined with essential oil blend. Regardless of the feedlot periods, the ENZ+EO treatment caused a reduction in the dry matter intake (12.48%) compared to the control. The ENZ+EO treatment resulted in the lowest mean fecal output and, consequently, the highest dry matter digestibility (DMD) and starch digestibility (SD), compared to the other treatments. Animals that received EO and ENZ+EO in the diet spent more time in feeding. As for the number of times animals visited the feeding trough, the highest values were presented by the animals in the EO, ENZ and ENZ+EO treatments. For the carcass parameters, only the subcutaneous fat thickness on the rib was significantly different between treatments, with the highest values obtained by adding EO and ENZ+EO (8.80 and 8.10 mm respectively). Thus, the combination of carbohydrate enzymes and essential oils proved to be synergistically beneficial in relation to better use of nutrients and productive performance of feedlot steers.
Magnesium in the water of Japanese quails kept under comfort zone and under thermal stress
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rodrigues Valéria Pereira , Furtado Dermeval Araújo ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Ribeiro Neila Lidiany ,   Instituto Nacional do Semi-Árido, Rodrigues Ladyanne Raia ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Abreu Claudia Goulart ,   Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sousa Janete Gouveia ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Published: December 2021

The objective was to evaluate the increasing levels of magnesium in the water supplied to laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), kept in climatic chambers under thermoneutral temperature and thermal stress, on their performance and morphometry of their organs. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, 2x4 factorial arrangement, 2 temperatures (24 and 32 ºC) and 4 levels of magnesium in the water (50, 150, 250 and 350 mg L-1), with six replicates and eight birds per experimental unit. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability level. The magnesium levels in the water did not affect (P > 0.05) the production performance and morphometry of the organs, with less water consumption at the magnesium level of 150 mg L-1, and birds kept at 32 °C had a reduction in feed consumption and feed conversion, but without affecting organ morphometry. Japanese quails in the production phase can consume water with magnesium levels up to 350 mg L-1 without having their production performance and morphometry of organs affected and raised in an environment with temperatures of up to 32 °C.
Automated Approach to Creation of Optical Design Documentation
Authors: Kolpakov Andrey
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to development of automated approach to creation of optical design documentation. The ultimate target is interactive application that able to create optical scheme and working drawings of optical elements by initial computed data
About Hot-Wire Anemometer Applicability for Measurements in Nanopowder Flow
Authors: Lysenko Vladimir , Trufanov Dmitriy , Bardakhanov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the detailed study of the hot-wire anemometer probe characteristic in the flow of silica nanopowder. The universal calibration graphs of hot-wire voltage and Nusselt number on the mean flow speed were determined. It was shown, that the hot-wire measures the speed fluctuations in nanopowder flow generally
The First Acquaintance with the Tensor
Authors: Alexandrov Viktor
Published: December 2021

The main concepts of the theory of tensors are presented. The emphasis is on the basic notions of tensor algebra and practical skills in culculations involving the Kronecker delta and Levi-Civita symbol. Sixty routine exercises are included. This article is intended for junior students of physical, mathematical and geophysical departments of Universities
Development of the Wave Packets-Forerunners at the Straight Wing Boundary Layer
Authors: Katasonov Mikhail , Мotyrev Pavel , Sboev Dmitriy , Kozlov Viktor , Evers Quentin
Published: December 2021

This work is devoted to the study of wave packets (forerunners) formed in straight wing boundary layers in the regions preceding a drastic change in the flow velocity inside the boundary layer, near the fronts of streaks. The investigations were carried out in the subsonic low turbulence wind tunnel. Measurements of the flow fields were carried out using a single-wire probe of a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer. It was shown that the localized structures, which modeled artificially from incoming flow, generate streaks in a boundary layer. The wave packets (forerunners) are appears in the regions preceding a drastic change of flow velocity inside the boundary layer at the streaks fronts. The characteristics of the forerunners, affected by the external-flow pressure gradient, intensity of streak, and local velocity gradients near the front of the streak were investigated
Investigation of Method for Determining the Optical Parameters Based on the Measurement of Angles of Incidence
Authors: Borisov Gennady , Kovalyov Alexander
Published: December 2021

A method of determining the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index n(λ) and κ(λ) of thin layers in semiconductor heterostructures is proposed. The method is based on the measurement of angles on the two characteristic curves of the reflection from the sample formed from the substrate heterostructure grown on top of it, for p-polarized wave. The first characteristic angle θ₁ is an analogue of the Brewster angle, the second angle θ₂ corresponds to the inflection point of the curve. Measurements of θ₁ and θ₂ are carried out for two samples grown on GaAs. An algorithm for extraction from measurements the n (λ) and the κ (λ) of the quantum wells layers in heterostructures is proposed and tested
Research of Thermal Durability of Materials in High-Speed Flows
Authors: Alekseev Alexey , Zabaykin Vasily , Tretyakov Pavel , Naumov Igor
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the thermal stability of heat-resistant alloy samples and composite materials at long-term effect of hightemperature high-speed flow (up to their destruction) was investigated. During the tests the local surface temperature in the most heat-stressed areas was measured. Estimations of heat flows to the surface of the samples on transition to the stationary mode have been made
Improving of Accuracy of Measurements of Unit Cell Parameters by Diffraction Reflections at Small Angles
Authors: Vanina Polina , Gromilov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of the work is the improving of accuracy of the unit cell parameters the measurements by diffraction data at small angles. The basis of this approach is creating of new laboratory standard, which is the mixture of the etalon silicon SRM-640 and chelate compound of the copper (II) 4-phenatsetiliden-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-1- oxyl (CuL2). The feature of the preparing of this standard is a crystallizing of CuL2 directly on a sample holder. That causes almost ideal orienting of the needle tetragonal crystals on a cuvette and there are diffraction reflections on the diffractogram only of hk0 type. Their depositions allow to make a calibration of the goniometer starting with 4 2
Potenciais interações fármaco nutriente em ido-sos institucionalizados de Campo Mourão-PR
Authors: Dos Santos Maria Regina Tavares , De Lima Ana Paula Rocha , Silva Renato Castro
Published: December 2021

Com o envelhecimento da população, a demanda por medicamentos que tratem doenças ou que reduza desconfortos deve aumentar. Considerando que a farmacocinética e a farmacodinâmica são alteradas nos idosos, tornando-os mais vulneráveis a presença de doenças crônico-degenerativas e reações adversas, objetivou-se avaliar a existência de potenciais interações entre os medicamentos e alimentos em um grupo de idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Foram analisadas bases de dados com horários das medicações, avaliação antropométrica e diário alimentar. Segundo a avaliação antropométrica e Índice de Massa Corporal, 60% (n= 27) dos avaliados apresentam-se em baixo peso. No total foram 79 medicamentos distintos dentre as 332 prescrições constantes nos prontuários e 29 deles com potencial de interação com nutrientes. Dentre as classificações Anatômicas Terapêuticas Clínica, os medicamentos mais prescritos consistiam no grupo C – Sistema Cardiovascular (41%), N – Sistema Nervoso (34%) e A – Trato Alimentar e Metabolismo (10%). Quando comparadas as prescrições com a ingestão dietética as possíveis interações se relacionavam principalmente com vitaminas do complexo B, D e minerais. Desta forma, o papel da equipe multidisciplinar é de fundamental importância para garantir o menor risco de intercorrências no tratamento.
MARKETING PERFORMANCE DEVELOPMENT: APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF DIGITAL MARKETING AND MARKET ORIENTATION STRATEGY IN THE MSME SECTOR
Authors: Ikramuddin Ikramuddin , Matriadi Faisal , Yusuf Iis Em. , Mariyudi Mariyudi
Published: December 2021

Changes in consumer behavior require companies to rethink their marketing strategies, especially in the digital marketing era. The Covid-19 pandemic has suppressed the marketing performance of MSMEs in a negative direction, so MSMEs need to improve their marketing strategies towards the concept of digital marketing. This study aims to analyze the role of the digital marketing platform, marketing orientation and entrepreneur orientation on the marketing performance of MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic in North Aceh Regency. This research is survey research with a sampling approach, the number of samples used in this study is 131 MSME actors in North Aceh Regency which are determined by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equational Modeling (SEM) software Amos. Based on a survey of marketing managers and MSME managers, this study shows that MSMEs face various internal and external pressures to adopt digital marketing platforms as a medium to improve their marketing. This can be seen from the low perception of respondents on the influence of the entrepreneurial orientation variable on marketing performance. However, in this case, MSME Marketing Performance is influenced by digital marketing and marketing orientation, each coefficient value for digital marketing is 0.215 and CR 3.387 (P-Value 0.000 < 0.05) and marketing orientation is 0.621 and CR 8.466 (P-Value 0.000 < 0.05). ). The involvement of digital marketing and marketing orientation in MSMEs is expected to increase the company's performance and income. To increase digital marketing engagement, MSME actors who focus on relationship-based interactions with their customers through various digital marketing platforms and on-line buying and selling sites are still expected. This research shows how some companies outside of MSMEs have achieved this. This study makes an important contribution in improving the marketing performance of MSMEs through the relationship of digital marketing platforms, customer orientation and entrepreneurial orientation.
For Whom Do We Write Exhibitions? Towards a Museum as Commons
Authors: Manacorda Francesco
Published: December 2021

In 1979, Umberto Eco published The Role of the Reader (Lector in fabula), which gathered the analysis he had conducted in the previous years on audience participation in the enjoyment of narrative literature. According to the Italian semiologist, a text always implies a set of rules as well as undefined empty areas, which are set up by the producer and activated by the receiver. As a matter of fact, according to Eco, any text has inscribed in it, since its very conception by the author, an interpretative mechanism that makes it incomplete. Every text therefore always implies—or at least hopes for—a subject able to decode it. Breaking down the act of textual communication as an act based on shared codes and conventions—some of which are more stable, like languages; others are less codified, such as a set of references or contextual readings—between producer and receiver, Eco delineates the theoretical character of a Model Reader, for which every communication produces postulates and proposes more or less knowingly the following: “To organize a text the author relies upon a series of codes that assign given contents to the expression he uses. To make his text communicable, the author has to assume that the ensemble of codes he relies upon is the same as that shared by his possible reader. The author has thus to foresee a model of the possible reader (Model Reader), supposedly able to deal interpretatively with the expressions, in the same way as the author deals generatively with them.”
vino en Castilla-La Mancha en tiempos de Felipe II
Authors: Jorge-Martín Rogelio
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo ofrece una visión de las actuales Denominaciones de Origen de vino de Castilla-La Mancha en el siglo XVI. El análisis se realiza a través de cuatro elementos recogidos en la obra histórico-estadística Descripción de los pueblos de España: aspectos geográficos, industrias agropecuarias, vías de comunicación y mercados.
obligación empresarial de organizar la prevención de riesgos laborales: controversias aplicativas e interpretativas
Authors: García González Guillermo
Published: December 2021

Resumen: La Ley 31/1995, de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, imponecomo primera obligación empresarial el deber de implementar un modelo deorganización preventiva a partir de las distintas posibilidades que la propiadisposición normativa diseña. Desde la entrada en vigor de la norma, laorganización de la prevención ha sido objeto de una especial atención doctrinal,teniendo en cuenta el carácter transversal de la materia, que imbrica la dinámicadel conjunto de obligaciones preventivas empresariales. El presente artículo tienecomo objetivo analizar la configuración jurídica de los distintos modelosde organización preventiva en el ámbito de la empresa, prestando singularatención a los problemas interpretativos y aplicativos que su ordenación normativaha venido suscitado en la práctica
Código Penal Militar: ámbito subjetivo de aplicación
Authors: Pozo Vilches Juan
Published: December 2021

La competencia de la Jurisdicción Militar es una de las cuestionesmás debatidas desde la época de la Transición democrática. Desde entonces seha tratado de limitar su competencia al ámbito estrictamente castrense. En 2016entró en vigor el vigente Código Penal Militar, una norma bastante desconocidapara la gran mayoría de los operadores jurídicos. En el presente trabajoexaminaremos el ámbito subjetivo de aplicación de esta norma, que, comoveremos, se aplica no solo a militares, sino también a civiles, ya se cometa eldelito en tiempos de paz o de conflicto armado.
 
Palabras clave: Transición democrática. Constitución española. Ámbito estrictamente castrense. Código Penal Militar. Jurisdicción Militar. Tribunales militares.
Keywords: Democratic transition. Spanish Constitution. Scope strictly military. Military Criminal Code. Military jurisdiction. Military courts.
incidencia del género en la prevención de riesgos laborales
Authors: Pérez Campos Ana Isabel
Published: December 2021

Las distintas manifestaciones del género han tenido y mantienen un especial efecto en el ámbito de la prevención de riesgos laborales. La realidad actual muestra que teóricamente hombres y mujeres están sometidos al mismo riesgo laboral, pero en la práctica persisten las diferencias, porque hombres y mujeres se enferman o accidentan de forma diferente. Partiendo de este diagnóstico, se pretenden valorar la influencia que la perspectiva de género tiene en la prevención de riesgos laborales, así como valorar el contenido, alcance y eficacia del nivel de protección y prevención, para, posteriormente, formular propuestas para un futuro desarrollo normativo y/o convencional.
Information Geopolitics and Political Propaganda in the Mass Media of the Russian Federation
Authors: Żak Waldemar
Published: December 2021

Information is considered one of the main factors of the current geopolitical dynamics. The information paradigm of geopolitics defines the canons of conquest and control of a global information space, as well as the nature of the relationship between geopolitical actors. It covers a range of issues related to geographic information policy, which includes the activities aimed at increasing the power of State information, including in the media. Helping people understand the changing world order has become the main goal of mass media. In an emerging global information field, the media no longer divide events into domestic and foreign ones. Russia’s propaganda offensive is a carefully prepared strategy. The country built an array of soft power instruments and transformed them into effective weapons in a new information war with the West. Initially intended as a tool to enhance Russia’s soft power, it quickly developed into one of the main instruments of Russia’s new imperialism. The minimum task may be the integration of part of the post-Soviet space, whereas the maximum task is to unite civilizations into a single Eurasian continental block in order to restore civilization balance
The Image of Journalism and the Press on the Pages of Mir Newspaper (1919–1944): Results of a Quantitative Content Analysis
Authors:   ", Toncheva Dilyana ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

The article presents the main results of a quantitative content analysis of Mir newspaper for the period 1919‒1944. A total of 151 articles were analyzed. The study aims to shed light on how the periodical, defined as the Bulgarian Times (a quality bourgeois newspaper), presents five main thematic areas in order to provide a clearer picture of the Bulgarian press and journalistic culture during the period under review.
Application of the Objects-Early Approach to the School Course on Computer Science
Authors:   ", Chotova Gabriela ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

Raising the level of digital education is one of the main challenges facing the education system now and in the future. The use of modern technical means in the learning process is an important prerequisite for achieving this ambitious goal. However, this must go hand in hand with the introduction of new scientific methods and teaching approaches. This article presents different approaches which the author has applied in her practice with high school students. It proves the benefit of their implementation in the educational process.
Factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting and reasons for discontinuation in Korean women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Oh Sumin , Namkung Hye Ryun , Yoon Hee Yeon , Lee So Yeon , Jeon Myung Jae
Published: December 2021

Objective To identify the factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting and reasons for pessary discontinuation in Korean women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Methods The medical records of 234 patients who underwent pessary fitting for the management of symptomatic POP were retrospectively reviewed. A ring pessary with or without support was used. Successful pessary fitting was defined as the ability to wear a pessary for 2 weeks without any discomfort. Factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting were determined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was obtained to examine the probability of continuing pessary use over the follow-up period. The reasons for the discontinuation of pessary were identified.Results Two-hundred-and-twenty-five women were included in the analysis. The rate of unsuccessful pessary fitting was 40%. Prior hysterectomy (odds ratio [OR], 4.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81-9.42) and POP quantification stage III-IV (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.28-4.85) were independent risk factors for unsuccessful pessary fitting. Among the patients with successful pessary fitting, the median time to discontinuation of pessary use was 4 years. The most common causes of discontinued use were vaginal erosion (45.3%) and urinary incontinence (26.5%).Conclusion Patients with a history of hysterectomy and advanced-stage POP are at risk for an unsuccessful fitting of the ring pessary. Vaginal erosion is the main reason for discontinued use among patients with successful pessary fitting.
Determinants of Economic Growth in the European Union Countries
Authors: Zimková Emília , Vidiečanová Michaela , Cisková Petra
Published: December 2021

This paper reassesses the long-debated relationship between the financial system development and economic growth. We use not only indicators for financial access, efficiency, stability and depth of the bank-oriented financial sector, but we also consider Eurozone membership, corruption perception and competitiveness of countries to examine the determinants of economic growth. We apply a panel data approach to 27 European countries over the 2004–2017 period. By splitting the time span, we examine whether the effect of financial system development, Eurozone membership, corruption perception and competitiveness on economic growth is affected by the occurrence of financial and debt crises. Our results indicate that loans to private sector do not always support economic growth. Our research also reveals that corruption perception has a negative impact on economic growth, and so does membership in Eurozone during a crisis.