bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Muthos to Logos
Authors: Fraser Bruce W. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the role of myth and metaphor in Logic-Based Therapy as these pertain to the development and use of philosophical antidotes. It maintains that the use of myth and metaphor in LBT can provide a primer for counselees for constructing antidotes for overcoming the real life problems for which they seek counseling.
What Else Can You Do With Philosophy Besides Teach?
Authors: Cohen Elliot D. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This article traces the rise of philosophical counseling in the United States, from its roots in the applied philosophy movement to the establishment of the National Philosophical Counseling Association, including a code of ethical standards for practitioners and a program for certification of philosophical counselors. The article demonstrates, through a brief discussion of the philosophical counseling modality of Logic-Based Therapy (LBT), how individuals who have Masters or Ph.D.’s in philosophy can become certified members of this burgeoning new profession.
Interpretation of the Movie “Peaceful Warrior”
Authors: Hsu Ho-Ling ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

The American movie, “Peaceful Warrior” (2006), starring Scott Mechlowicz and Nick Nolte, is a story about an outstanding athlete’s perplexities and anxieties. The main character in the movie, Dan Millman, aggressively pushes his performance in order to become a top athlete. As a result, he develops feelings of perplexity and anxiety, and suffers daily from these problems, leading to insomnia. The other character in the movie, Socrates, who works at a gas station, is like a philosopher. Socrates not only helps others to feel better, he can also help himself; in other words, he provides philosophical counseling services. In this paper, I utilize a combination of Buddhist philosophy and Logic-based Therapy (LBT) to interpret and analyze scenarios from this Movie, hoping to provide materials for philosophical counseling. The Buddhist philosophy I use includes the Ch’an philosophies of attachment, contemplation, greed, animosity, ignorance, non-duality, and meditation. The Five Steps of Logic-Based Therapy I incorporate include: (1) identifying the counsel­ee’s emotional reasoning; (2) identifying any irrational premises; (3) refuting any irrational premises; (4) finding antidotes to the refuted premises; and (5) exercising willpower in overcoming cognitive dissonance. There are six aspects that I address in this paper. The first is the anxieties of the Movie’s main character, Dan. The second is the philosophical counseling approach attained by combining Ch’an philosophy and Logic-based Therapy. The third is “knowing the dissatisfactions,” i.e. the process of finding one’s emotional reasoning/irrational premises. The fourth is “terminating the causes (of the dissatisfactions),” i.e. refuting the irrational premises. The fifth is “cultivating the path,” i.e. finding an antidote to the refuted premises. And the sixth aspect is “realizing the cessation (awakening),” i.e., exercising willpower in overcoming cognitive dissonance.
Grace and Good
Authors: Scriven Charles ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

How does the question of grace--its reality or not--affect self-understanding and moral aspiration? Søren Kierkegaard believed that conviction of grace, or of divine kindness at the heart of things, is crucial for human flourishing. This notion serves as a lever for critical reflection on perspectives concerning the secular turn Charles Taylor and others describe. The essay contrasts Kierkegaard’s thought with Iris Murdoch, Philip Kitcher, and co-authors Hubert Dreyfus and Sean Dorrance Kelly. Each of the secular perspectives, it turns out, maps onto a different one of three “stages” of human development that precede Kierkegaard’s highest, or Christian, form of existence. This provides an angle for assessing secularism as reflected in three contrasting accounts. Kierkegaard’s elaboration of the Christian ideal, and the shortfalls he saw in earlier stages, become the basis for a “justification” of grace as a premise for the well-lived life.
John Paul II in the Light of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Ugobi-Onyemere Mary Christine ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

In the quest to understand the meaning of existence, the human being is torn between many choices, exposed to individualism of all forms, especially atheistic perspectives. John Paul II’s personalism in the light of Thomas Aquinas’ personalistic notion of mercy suggests an alternative of meaningful living, co-existence, and holistic transcendence. John Paul’s search for the basis on which individual and social rights may grow and enhance human dignity demonstrate the ontological human worth. Following Aquinas’ model, John Paul shows that human dignity takes precedence over all options and needs preservation. Similarly, Aquinas’ classification of the human person as “rational subsistent” portrays this dignity in “effective mercy” that allows one to thrive in all kinds of existential vicissitudes. This essay explores John Paul’s personalist notion of mercy reflecting Aquinas’ model in the contemporary milieu in view of holistic existence.
Spiritual Discernment in a Secular Age
Authors: Grygiel Stanislaw ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay explores the predicament of a secular age marked by atheism and calculative reason. In a time that has been cut loose from eternity, the politics of calculation and of force separate words from the events and things to which they belong. The confusion that arises permits the masters of empty words to rule everything with impunity. Through the recollection of truth, which reveals itself in a moment that cannot be grasped, Beauty continually invites man to change his life. The false prophets, negating this recollection of truth, create a new world that rejects God and is, thus, confined to its own immanence. Symbolic thought and, therefore, poetic thought, is prohibited in this world and, because of this, one cannot pose the question about the meaning of human life. Entrusting ourselves to the Beauty of the living God and the discernment of spirits are indispensable for bringing justice to ourselves and to the world.
The spider family Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan
Authors: Zamani Alireza , Bosselaers Jan
Published: December 2020

The taxonomic and faunistic status of the spider family Oecobiidae in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan is revised. A new species, namely Uroctea gambronica sp. nov. (♂) is described from southern Iran, and the male of U. grossa Roewer, 1960 is described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, new faunistic data are provided, including the first records of Oecobius putus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 and U. grossa in Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, respectively, and the re-evaluation of previously misidentified and questionable records of this family in the region. The known distribution ranges of all species are mapped for these three countries.
«Con lágrimas de nuestros corazones». El rescate de cautivos en una redención mercedaria del siglo XVIII = The Order of Mercy and the Ransoming of Captives. Stakeholders and Economic Dynamics in a 18th Century Redemption
Authors: Bosco Michele
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo se enmarca en el dinámico debate sobre la esclavitud y el comercio de cautivos en el Mediterráneo de la época moderna. Apresados por los corsarios, miles de esclavos cristianos eran llevados a tierra de Islam y viceversa, empleados en trabajos forzosos, como remeros en las galeras, vendidos a particulares o bien eran destinados al rescate: en este caso, mercaderes especializados, institutos caritativos u órdenes religiosas se encargaban de recaudar dinero para conseguir su rescate. En los reinos de la Monarquía ibérica, esta tarea era desempeñada –y casi monopolizada– por las órdenes de la Santísima Trinidad y de Nuestra Señora de la Merced. En el presente ensayo se analiza en particular la actividad redentora de los Mercedarios, su labor de rescate de cautivos, la financiación y desarrollo práctico de las misiones de redención, entre logros y fracasos, mediante el análisis de un ejemplo concreto: una redención de cautivos efectuada por los frailes de la Merced en la ciudad de Argel a principio del siglo XVIII.AbstractThis article joins the general and dynamic debate upon slavery and captives’ trade in the Early Modern Mediterranean. Captured by corsairs, thousands of Christian slaves were taken to Islamic territories and vice-versa, employed in forced labour, as rowers in the galleys, sold to private slave-owners or destined to be rescued as well: in this case, specialized merchants, charity institutes or religious Orders were put in charge of collecting money to pay their ransom. In the reigns of the Iberian Monarchy, this task was carried out and almost monopolized by the religious orders of the Saint Trinity and Our Lady of Mercy. The present essay analyses in particular the redemptive activity of the Mercedarians, their work in the rescue of captives, the financing and practical development of redemption missions, made up of both achievements and failures, thanks to the analysis of a concrete example: the specific case-study is a redemption of captives carried out by the friars of Mercy in Algiers at the beginning of the 18th century.
La cuestión marítima en la estrategia geopolítica de Carvajal y Ensenada = The Maritime Issue Within Carvajal and Ensenada’s Geo-Political Strategy
Authors: Amor-Martín Francisco
Published: December 2020

José de Carvajal y Zenón de Somodevilla emergieron como los principales artífices de la política exterior española en una extraña coyuntura internacional. En 1748 las cancillerías de todo el continente emprendieron negociaciones en aras de la paz, ya que las potencias europeas precisaban tiempo para recuperar fuerzas tras tan larga guerra. Fue en semejante contexto en el que los dos ministros desarrollaron su geoestrategia. Pese a sus diferencias, ambos estadistas pretendieron garantizar la posición de España como gran potencia europea, del mismo modo que comprendieron que, en adelante, el equilibrio europeo se vería condicionado por la supremacía marítima y colonial.AbstractJosé de Carvajal and Zenón de Somodevilla emerged as the main architects of Spanish foreign policy amidst the strained international climate of the mid-eighteenth century. In 1748, foreign affairs offices across Europe engaged in conversations surrounding peace as they sought time to regain strength after such a long war. It was within the context of this nascent alliance system that Carvajal and Somodevilla developed their geo-political strategy. In spite of their differences, both statesmen tried to guarantee Spain’s position as a major European power and understood that, going forward, European political balance would be determined by colonial and maritime supremacy.
Assessment Of Tsunami Hazard In Sabah – Level Of Threat, Constraints And Future Work
Authors:   Natural Disaster Research Centre (NDRC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Tongkul Felix , Roslee Rodeano , Mohd Daud Ahmad Khairut Termizi
Published: December 2020

The coastal areas of Sabah are exposed to far-field earthquake-induced tsunamis that could be generated along the trenches of Manila, Negros, Sulu, Cotabato, Sangihe and North Sulawesi. Tsunami simulation models from these trenches indicated that tsunami waves can reach the coast of Sabah between 40 and 120 minutes with tsunami wave heights reaching up to 3 m near the coast. The level of tsunami threat is high in southeast Sabah due to its narrow continental shelf and proximity to tsunami source in the North Sulawesi Trench. The level of tsunami threat is moderate in north and east Sabah due to their proximity to tsunami source in the Sulu Trench. The level of tsunami threat is low in west Sabah due to its distant location to tsunami source from the Manila Trench. While tsunamis cannot be prevented, its impact on human life and property can be reduced through proper assessment of its threat using tsunami simulation models. Unfortunately, constraints remain in producing a reliable tsunami inundation models due to the lack of high-resolution topography and bathymetry data in Sabah and surrounding seas. It would be helpful if such data can be acquired by the relevant government agencies, at least first, in high threat-level areas, such as Tawau and Semporna districts. In order to properly plan mitigation measures tsunami risk mapping should be intensified in high threat-level areas. The locations of settlements (including water villages), population concentrations, types of buildings and houses, road system, drainage system, harbours, jetties and vegetations (including mangroves) need to be mapped in great detail. Based on the detailed tsunami risk map, targeted vulnerable communities could be given continuous and intensive education and awareness on basic tsunami science and tsunami hazard preparedness.
Sedimentological Characterisation Of Sea Bottom Samples Collected Offshore Muara And Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
Authors:   Geology Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Zaini Norhanizan , Briguglio Antonino ,   DI.S.T.A.V. - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy, Goeting Sulia ,   DI.S.T.A.V. - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy, Roslim Amajida ,   Geology Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Kocsis László ,   Geology Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
Published: December 2020

The study aims to get some additional knowledge on the modern seafloor composition offshore Brunei Darussalam by looking at the recent stratigraphic succession of the deposited sediments and their distribution patterns. For this reason, 10 shallow cores (22 to 46 cm thick) have been collected by scuba diving along two depth transects spanning from water depth of 20 to 60 m. One of the transects has been sampled north-northwest of the Muara village, just in front of the Brunei Bay and the other one off the coast near Tutong town, away from major sedimentary inputs. The results obtained portray two different sea bottom compositions and two different depth-related sediment distributions. The Muara transect is highly rich in mud and yielded abundant biogenic component at all investigated depths. The Tutong transect has a higher sand content but display constant changes along with depth. The sediment is mostly composed by biogenic grains such as rests of sponges, foraminifera, molluscs and echinoderms; the not biogenic grains are for the vast majority made of quartz. The sandy fractions of both transects have been tested for cyclicity and all cores can be described by functions with comparable periods, thus indicating that an oscillatory environmental event such as the alternation of the monsoon seasons, has similar influence on the seafloor of both transects.
Petrography And Diagenetic History Of The Kometan Formation (Upper Cretaceous) In The Imbricated Zone, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors:   Department of Geology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Asaad Irfan Sh. , Balaky Sardar M. ,   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Published: December 2020

The petrography and diagenetic history of Upper Cretaceous Kometan Formation is investigated from its type locality in Kometan Village, Imbricated Zone, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq. The formation comprised 44 m of white weathered, light grey, thin to medium bedded fractured limestones with chert nodules and lenses in the upper part. The petrographic study of the formation is based on 50 thin sections and showed that the majority of limestones microfacies are carbonate mud (micrite). The skeletal grains include planktonic foraminifera, oligostegina, calcisphers, ostracods, pelecypods, larvae ammonoids and echinoderms. Non-skeletal grains include peloids only. The Kometan Formation has been subjected to several diagenetic processes such as: micritization, dolomitization, cementation, neomorphism, compaction, silicification, solution, phosphatization, glauconitization and fracturing. All these occurred during marine phreatic shallow burial stage and activated during intermediate to deep burial and uplifting in the late stages. The paragenetic history of the Kometan Formation has passed through four diagenetic environments including; marine, meteoric, burial and uplifting.
Semi-obstructed splitting behaviors of droplet in an asymmetric microfluidic T-junction
Authors: Deng Zi-Long , Li Peng-Yu , Zhang Xuan , Liu Xiang-Dong ,   Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China,   College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
Published: December 2020

Asymmetric droplet splitting is a common method to obtain micro-droplets of different sizes. The study of droplet asymmetric splitting behaviors is of great significance to the fields of biomedicine, energy, chemical industry and food engineering. In this paper, the control flow is introduced into a branch of the T-shaped microchannel to control the pressure distribution in the channel and precisely control the size of the daughter droplets. The method is simple to operate and is a preferred method for asymmetric microfluidic splitting. Existing studies have analyzed droplet splitting modes, critical conditions for flow pattern transitions, and splitting dynamics, but the theoretical prediction of droplet asymmetric splitting behaviors needs to be strengthened. Moreover, compared with tunnel splitting and obstructed splitting, which are more abundantly studied, neither semi-obstructed splitting as an intermediate state of tunnel splitting nor obstructed splitting is analyzed sufficiently. Therefore, a microfluidic T-junction chip is designed and fabricated, with which asymmetrical splitting behaviors of droplets with a tunnel in a microfluidic T-junction are investigated experimentally. The influence of flow rate regulation on the droplet splitting ratio is studied. And a theoretical model is also established to predict the splitting ratio. The results are concluded as follows: 1) the process of asymmetrical droplet splitting is divided into three stages i.e. early squeezing, late squeezing and rapid pinch-off stage. In the early stage of squeezing, the radius of curvature of the droplet neck is sizable, and the additional pressure of interfacial tension is minor. Compared with the additional pressure that hinders neck contraction, the upstream continuous phase driving force is dominant, and the width of the neck changes linearly with time; in the process of late squeezing, the upstream pressure driving effect is still greater than the hindering effect of the additional tension, and the neck width changes exponentially with time; However, in the rapid pinch-off stage, the interfacial tension pointing to the center of the cross section of droplet neck dominates the pinch-off stage. Then, the droplet neck shrinks sharply. 2) Adjusting the flow rate of the branch channel can effectively control the asymmetric splitting ratio of the droplets, and under the current semi-obstructed asymmetric splitting of the droplets, the regulation effect is less affected by the size of the mother droplet, but more affected by the capillary number. 3) The prediction model of droplet splitting ratio based on the pressure drop model can effectively predict the droplet splitting ratio.
Quantifying complex network traffic capacity based on communicability sequence entropy
Authors: Ma Jin-Long , Zhang Jun-Feng , Zhang Dong-Wen , Zhang Hong-Bin ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
Published: December 2020

The transmission performance of the network depends to a certain extent on the topology of the network. This article analyzes the traffic dynamics of complex networks from the perspective of structural information, and looks for information structure measurement indicators that affect network traffic capacity. Existing research shows that the communicability sequence entropy of complex networks can effectively quantify the overall structure of the network. Based on this measurement, the difference between networks can be effectively quantified, and the connotation of sequence entropy of communicability can be explained. Communication sequence entropy can effectively quantify the overall structure information of the network. In order to characterize the overall traffic capacity of the network, the communication sequence entropy is introduced into the phenomenon of complex network congestion, the correlation between the network communication sequence entropy and the transmission performance is studied, and the internal mechanism of this correlation is analyzed. Simulations in BA scale-free network model and WS small-world network model show that the communication sequence entropy of the network is closely related to its traffic capacity. As the communication sequence entropy increases, the uniformity of the network topology will increase, and the traffic capacity will increase significantly. The traffic capacity of the network is a monotonically increasing function of the entropy of the communication sequence, and is positively correlated with the entropy of the communication sequence. The communication sequence entropy of the network can effectively evaluate the traffic capacity of the network. This conclusion can provide a theoretical basis for the design of a high traffic capacity network and help provide an effective strategy for the design of the high traffic capacity of the network, which can be optimized by increasing the communication sequence entropy.
From high-quality semiconductor/superconductor nanowires to Majorana zero mode
Authors: Wen Lian-Jun , Pan Dong , Zhao Jian-Hua ,   State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China,   College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China,   CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: December 2020

As the version of Majorana fermions in condensed matter physics, the research of Majorana zero modes is one of the most interesting topics in physics currently. Majorana zero modes obey the non-Abelian statistics and can be used for constructing the topologically protected qubits. This kind of qubit constructed from spatially separated Majorana zero modes is immune to local noise, and has a long decoherence time, which makes it show important application prospects in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The semiconductor/superconductor nanowires are one of the most ideal experimental platforms for studying Majorana zero modes and topological quantum computation. This work reviews the research progress of the epitaxial growth of high-quality semiconductor nanowires, the fabrication of semiconductor/superconductor heterostructure nanowires, and Majorana zero modes in semiconductor/superconductor nanowires. The application prospects of semiconductor/ superconductor nanowires in quantum computation is also prospected finally.
Central processing of leg proprioception in Drosophila
Authors: Agrawal Sweta , Dickinson Evyn S , Sustar Anne , Gurung Pralaksha , Shepherd David , Truman James W , Tuthill John C
Published: December 2020

Proprioception, the sense of self-movement and position, is mediated by mechanosensory neurons that detect diverse features of body kinematics. Although proprioceptive feedback is crucial for accurate motor control, little is known about how downstream circuits transform limb sensory information to guide motor output. Here we investigate neural circuits inDrosophilathat process proprioceptive information from the fly leg. We identify three cell types from distinct developmental lineages that are positioned to receive input from proprioceptor subtypes encoding tibia position, movement, and vibration. 13Bα neurons encode femur-tibia joint angle and mediate postural changes in tibia position. 9Aα neurons also drive changes in leg posture, but encode a combination of directional movement, high frequency vibration, and joint angle. Activating 10Bα neurons, which encode tibia vibration at specific joint angles, elicits pausing in walking flies. Altogether, our results reveal that central circuits integrate information across proprioceptor subtypes to construct complex sensorimotor representations that mediate diverse behaviors, including reflexive control of limb posture and detection of leg vibration.
Amplitude modulations of cortical sensory responses in pulsatile evidence accumulation
Authors: Koay Sue Ann , Thiberge Stephan , Brody Carlos D , Tank David W
Published: December 2020

How does the brain internally represent a sequence of sensory information that jointly drives a decision-making behavior? Studies of perceptual decision-making have often assumed that sensory cortices provide noisy but otherwise veridical sensory inputs to downstream processes that accumulate and drive decisions. However, sensory processing in even the earliest sensory cortices can be systematically modified by various external and internal contexts. We recorded from neuronal populations across posterior cortex as mice performed a navigational decision-making task based on accumulating randomly timed pulses of visual evidence. Even in V1, only a small fraction of active neurons had sensory-like responses time-locked to each pulse. Here, we focus on how these ‘cue-locked’ neurons exhibited a variety of amplitude modulations from sensory to cognitive, notably by choice and accumulated evidence. These task-related modulations affected a large fraction of cue-locked neurons across posterior cortex, suggesting that future models of behavior should account for such influences.
Genome-wide identification and evolution of HECT genes in wheat
Authors: Meng Xianwen , Yang Ting , Liu Jing , Zhao Mingde , Wang Jiuli
Published: December 2020

Background

As an important class of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, proteins containing homologous E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domains are crucial for growth, development, metabolism, and abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. However, little is known about HECT genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the most important global crops.

Methods

Using a genome-wide analysis of high-quality wheat genome sequences, we identified 25 HECT genes classified into six groups based on the phylogenetic relationship among wheat, rice, and Arabidopsis thaliana.

Results

The predicted HECT genes were distributed evenly in 17 of 21 chromosomes of the three wheat subgenomes. Twenty-one of these genes were hypothesized to be segmental duplication genes, indicating that segmental duplication was significantly associated with the expansion of the wheat HECT gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of the segmental duplication of these genes were less than 1, suggesting purifying selection within the gene family. The expression profile analysis revealed that the 25 wheat HECT genes were differentially expressed in 15 tissues, and genes in Group II, IV, and VI (UPL8, UPL6, UPL3) were highly expressed in roots, stems, and spikes. This study contributes to further the functional analysis of the HECT gene family in wheat.
ESTRATÉGIA DA TRIANGULAÇÃO: UMA INCURSÃO CONCEITUAL
Authors: Holanda Gerda De Souza , De Farias Isabel Maria Sabino
Published: December 2020

Este é um estudo sobre a estratégia da triangulação, que se propõe a discutir informações sobre o tema, destacando-se sua relevância por propiciar uma qualidade formal ao processo de construção do conhecimento na área da pesquisa. Enquanto procedimento metodológico utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo por base principal livros e artigos científicos. Em diálogo com os autores, constatou-se que a triangulação se destaca por permitir o uso de técnicas de recolha de dados diferentes, mobilizar teorias e pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, bem como coletar informações de fontes diferentes, em espaços e tempos diversos.
A ORIENTAÇÃO PARA LEITURA CRÍTICA DE TEXTOS CIENTÍFICOS E O CONHECIMENTO PROFISSIONAL DE FUTUROS PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Façanha Alessandro Augusto Barros
Published: December 2020

Consiste em um estudo com futuros professores de ciências sobre a orientação para a leitura crítica de textos científicos no intuito de discutir a habilidade leitora no contexto da formação profissional. O marco teórico se fundamenta na Teoria da Formação Planejada das Ações Mentais e dos Conceitos de P. Ya. Galperin e metodologicamente consiste em um estudo de natureza descritiva que utilizou a estratégia da prova pedagógica para caracterização da orientação da ação para ler textos de ciências e compará-la à um esquema de orientação de referência. Os resultados evidenciam divergências conceituais e operacionais entre a base orientadora desses futuros professores de ciências em relação ao que se espera como conhecimento profissional desejado para o ensino em função da habilidade leitora e a educação científica.
Evaluation Trial on Production Performance of Freshwater Mud Eel (Monopterus cuchia) in Farmer’s Pond
Authors: Chowdhury Parvez , Shofiquzzoha A. F. M. , Bhadra Anuradha
Published: December 2020

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the production performance of freshwater mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) with supplementary feed for a period of 5 months in field level. Two ponds were selected for this experiment in Maulovibazar district. Baby cuchia having weight of 50-70 g were stocked in ponds at a stocking density of 10/m2 in filter net. Liming (CaO) was done in all the ponds at rate of 250 kg/ha. A safety shelter for cuchia was developed by installing bamboo root, plastic and bamboo-made hollow pipe, aquatic vegetation and necessary objects in the pond. Different physico-chemical parameters were found to be within the acceptable ranges for M. cuchia culture in all ponds. Supplementary feed composed of fish paste (50%), fish meal (40%), rice bran (5%) and wheat flour (5%) was applied at the rate of 2-3% of body weight. After 5 months of rearing, total production obtained were 28.3±1.09 and 31.9±2.56 kg from pond-1 and pond-2, respectively. The highest production was obtained from pond-2 and lowest production was obtained in pond-1. The net profit gained from pond-1 and pond-2 were tk 2559 and 3211 per decimal, respectively.
Polyaxial Locking Plate in Fractures of the Distal Radius
Authors: Mohamed Mostafa F. , Emran Ali M. , Selim Osama A. , Rosasy Mahmoud A. El
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Volar locking plate represents the gold standard method of treatment of unstable distal end radius fractures.

Objectives: The Present study aimed to identify the functional and radiological outcomes of distal radius fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation using polyaxial volar locking plate.

Patients and Methods: We reviewed 25 unstable distal end radius fractures that were operated in Orthopedic Department in Tanta University Hospital with polyaxial volar locking plates June 2018 to June 2019. The mean age of the patients was 40.8±14.34 years (range 24 to 65) and the mean duration of follow-up was 8.61 ± 3.19 months (range 6 to 17). All of the patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with polyaxial locking plate through over flexor carpi radialis approach. After three months, pain, tendon functions, ROM, hand grip as well as radial median and ulnar nerves functions were well assessed. X-rays were done to assure full fracture consolidation. At the end of follow up, clinical results were evaluated according to Quick DASH Score. Castaign radiological assessment score was used for radiological evaluation.

Results: There was a significant improvement in the functional indices from twelve weeks to the final follow-up. According to Castaign radiological assessment score 10 patients (40%) had excellent results, 14 patients (56%) had good results and 1 patient (4%) had fair results, no patients had poor results at the final follow up. Compared the performance of the polyaxial locking plate to another monoaxial plate and reported an improved range of radial and ulnar deviation with the variable angle device but they use another plate system.

Conclusions: The use of polyaxial locking plates in treating unstable distal end radius fractures is associated with excellent to good functional results with minimal complications.
The Role of Erythroferrone Hormone as Erythroid Regulator of Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism during Thalassemia and in Iron Deficiency Anemia- A Short Review
Authors: Talawy Tiba Sabah , Altoum Abd Elgadir A. , Babker Asaad Ma
Published: December 2020

Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a hormone produced by erythroblasts in the bone marrow in response to erythropoietin controlling iron storage release through its actions on hepcidin, which acts on hepatocytes to suppress expression of the hormone hepcidin. Erythroferrone now considered is one of potential clinical biomarkers for assessing erythropoiesis activity in patients with blood disorders regarding to iron imbalance. Since discovery of in 2014 by Dr. Leon Kautz and colleagues and till now no more enough studies in Erythroferrone among human, most studies are conducted in animals. In this review we briefly address the Role of Erythroferrone hormone as erythroid regulator of hepcidin and iron metabolism during thalassemia and in iron deficiency anemia. Studies in this review were identified through a search using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Academia, Scopus, Google Scholar, and another open database source. Conclusion: Most of studies concluded that, in people with thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia, erythroferrone levels in the blood are higher than in people without thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia. Knowing the mechanisms of erythroferrone as erythroid regulator of hepcidin and iron metabolism during thalassemia and in iron deficiency anemia important in the diagnosis and treatment for both conditions. The erythroferrone hormone may act as potential factor in physiological hepcidin suppressor in cases with iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia disease and play a key role in treatment process among those patients in status of iron deficiency                    or iron overload. However, till now few studies of the function of ERFE in humans because is recently discovered and remains to be investigated and most studies are conducted among animals.
Hierarchical Assemblies of Polymer Particles through Tailored Interfaces and Controllable Interfacial Interactions
Authors: Visaveliya Nikunjkumar R. , Köhler Johann Michael
Published: December 2020

Hierarchical assembly architectures of functional polymer particles are promising because of their physicochemical and surface properties for multi‐labeling and sensing to catalysis and biomedical applications. While polymer nanoparticles’ interior is mainly made up of the cross‐linked network, their surface can be tailored with soft, flexible, and responsive molecules and macromolecules as potential support for the controlled particulate assemblies. Molecular surfactants and polyelectrolytes as interfacial agents improve the stability of the nanoparticles whereas swellable and soft shell‐like cross‐linked polymeric layer at the interface can significantly enhance the uptake of guest nano‐constituents during assemblies. Besides, layer‐by‐layer surface‐functionalization holds the ability to provide a high variability in assembly architectures of different interfacial properties. Considering these aspects, various assembly architectures of polymer nanoparticles of tunable size, shapes, morphology, and tailored interfaces together with controllable interfacial interactions are constructed here. The microfluidic‐mediated platform has been used for the synthesis of constituents polymer nanoparticles of various structural and interfacial properties, and their assemblies are conducted in batch or flow conditions. The assemblies presented in this progress report is divided into three main categories: cross‐linked polymeric network's fusion‐based self‐assembly, electrostatic‐driven assemblies, and assembly formed by encapsulating smaller nanoparticles into larger microparticles.
A Scalable H2O–DMF–DMSO Solvent Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Inorganic Perovskite‐Related Cesium Lead Bromides
Authors: Zhou Bo , Ding Dong , Wang Ye , Fang Shaofan , Liu Zexiang , Tang Jian , Li Henan , Zhong Haizhe , Tian Bingbing , Shi Yumeng
Published: December 2020

All‐inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskites have attracted a lot of attention because of their excellent optical properties that can potentially be applied in various optical devices. However, large‐scale preparation of cesium lead bromide perovskites with outstanding optical performance is still hindered by the poor solubility of CsBr in polar aprotic solvents. In this work, a water/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/dimethylformamide (DMF) system is demonstrated for the synthesis of inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskites, where the introduction of water can effectively address the dissolution issue of Cs+ ions. Large‐scale synthesis of pure‐phase emissive Cs4PbBr6 with a product yield of up to 73% is achieved and the photoluminescence quantum yield of resulting product reaches as high as 76%. The origin of the light emission is further revealed by the photoluminescence evolution of the colored Cs4PbBr6 single crystals. Furthermore, reversible phase transitions between Cs4PbBr6, CsPbBr3 and CsPb2Br5 are achieved by changing solely the water content, which paves the way for the recycle of the mother solution of Cs4PbBr6 without generation of additional hazardous waste. The three‐solvent‐based synthetic approaches enable an economical, robust, and large‐scale production for all‐inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskites.
Ruthenium Catalyzed Regioselective β‐C(sp3)−H Functionalization of N‐Alkyl‐N′‐p–nitrophenyl Substituted Piperazines using Aldehydes as Alkylating Agents
Authors: Murugesh V. , Sahoo Apurba Ranjan , Achard Mathieu , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Bruneau Christian , Suresh Surisetti
Published: December 2020

Herein, we disclose a ruthenium‐catalyzed regioselective β‐C(sp3)−H bond functionalization on the piperazine core using aldehydes as alkylating agents. The present transformation appears to go through the dehydrogenation of the piperazine to propagate to enamine in situ, followed by nucleophilic addition to the aldehyde and hydrogenation to result in the regioselective β‐C(sp3)−H alkylation. A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic aldehydes were employed for the C‐3 alkylation of N‐alkyl‐N′‐p‐nitrophenyl substituted piperazines.

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Adult Chinese twins with Kenny–Caffey syndrome type 2: A potential age‐dependent phenotype and review of literature
Authors: Cheng Shirley S. W. , Chan Pui Kwan Joyce , Luk Ho‐Ming , Mok Myth Tsz‐Shun , Lo Ivan F. M.
Published: December 2020

Kenny–Caffey syndrome (KCS) type 2 (OMIM 127000) is a rare syndromic cause of hypoparathyroidism which is characterized by proportionate short stature, long bone abnormalities, delayed closure of anterior fontanelle, eye abnormalities, and normal intelligence. It is caused by variants in FAM111A (NM_001942519.1). In this review, we reported the first Chinese patients, a pair of monozygotic twins, with genetically confirmed KCS type 2 with over 20 years follow‐up. We summarized the clinical features of 14 previously reported and genetically confirmed KCS type 2 patients; our twin patients exhibited a unique spinal manifestation which could be an important age‐dependent feature of KCS type 2. In this review, over 60% KCS type 2 patients had dental problem and over 80% suffered from refractive errors or structural eye abnormalities. Therefore, early dental, ophthalmological, and orthopedic assessments are warranted for KCS type 2 patients. Micro‐orchidism, previously reported in KCS type 2 patients, was also detected in our patients. The possibility of subfertility should be considered in male KCS type 2 patients. A multidisciplinary management approach for this rare syndrome is recommended.
Process evaluation of solvent‐free lipase‐catalyzed esterification schemes in the synthesis of structured triglycerides from oleic and palmitic acids
Authors: Agapay Ramelito Casado , Ju Yi‐Hsu , Tran‐Nguyen Phuong Lan , Ismadji Suryadi , Angkawijaya Artik Elisa , Go Alchris Woo
Published: December 2020

Different schemes in the production of structured triglycerides based on solvent‐free esterification of oleic acid and palmitic acid with glycerol were evaluated in terms of reactant conversion, product composition, and yield. Two‐step processes, with or without glycerol dosing, were compared with one‐step versions carried out at temperature conditions within 40°C–60°C to a final oleic acid/palmitic acid/glycerol ratio of 2:1:1, the stoichiometric ratio in 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoyl glycerol (OPO). Substantial amounts of C52 triglycerides, including OPO, were produced in all schemes at 34.98–39.55 wt.% of the total triglycerides and triglyceride yields of 50.10–56.56 wt.% based on the raw materials. The two‐step process with glycerol dosing at 60°C showed the highest palmitic acid incorporation at the sn‐2 position of 46.46%, but the same process carried out with a step increase in temperature from 40°C to 60°C gave the highest OPO yield at 19.30 wt.%. These results demonstrate the possibility of manipulating regioselectivity and triglyceride specificity by varying reactant feeding schemes without the use of solvents and sn‐1,3‐specific lipases common in conventional acidolysis‐based processes.
Analyse von Beton‐Stahlrohrsteckverbindungen für Maste
Authors: Oppeneder Johannes , Dittmar Frank , Tue Nguyen Viet
Published: December 2020

Die Beton‐Stahlrohrsteckverbindung wird in dieser Arbeit für die Anwendung bei hybriden Mastkonstruktionen aus der Stahlrohrsteckverbindung weiterentwickelt. Die maßgebende Biegebeanspruchung der Maste wird dabei vom Stahlrohr mit Schubrippen über die Mörtelfuge in das darunterliegende Schleuderbetonrohr eingeleitet. Der Kraftfluss in der Verbindung ändert sich fortlaufend mit der Lastzunahme und wird entscheidend vom Verformungsverhalten der Rohre beeinflusst. Das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten der neuen Verbindung wird in diesem Beitrag anhand zweier durchgeführter Großversuche und begleitender FEM‐Simulationen untersucht. Des Weiteren wird anhand zweier variierter Parameter, der Position der Schubrippen sowie einer Steckverbindung ohne Schubrippen der Einfluss auf das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten ermittelt und diskutiert.
A Matter of Courtesy: The Role of Soviet Diplomacy and Soviet “System Safeguards” in Maintaining Soviet Influence on Czechoslovak Science before and after 1968
Authors: Olšáková Doubravka
Published: December 2020

In 1969, a few short months after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, Sergei I. Prasolov, advisor to the Soviet Ambassador in Prague, informed František Šorm, President of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, at a formal meeting that he welcomed Šorm's suggestion to intensify scientific exchange between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. Šorm politely declined this offer. Behind the veneer of diplomatic courtesy on the part of both actors, a real drama was taking place. Šorm and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences had actually never formulated such a request. To the contrary, since the late 1950s the academy had repeatedly pointed out that the Soviets were incapable of coordinating scientific activities in the Eastern Bloc. The Soviet system of academic cooperation within the Eastern Bloc had already begun to collapse after the Geneva Summit of 1955, where the Soviets opened the door to international collaboration across the Iron Curtain. Yet it was only in the late 1960s that the Soviets realized that while they dominated large‐scale international collaboration, they had lost control of internal developments within the Eastern Bloc.
Impact of insurance and neighborhood socioeconomic status on clinical outcomes in therapeutic clinical trials for breast cancer
Authors: Obeng‐Gyasi Samilia , O’Neill Anne , Zhao Fengmin , Kircher Sheetal M. , Lava Timisina R. , Wagner Lynne I. , Miller Kathy D. , Sparano Joseph DA. , Sledge George W. , Carlos Ruth C.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of insurance and neighborhood SES (nSES) on chemotherapy completion and overall mortality among participants in breast cancer clinical trials. The data sources for this study were two adjuvant breast cancer trials (ECOG E1199 and E5103) collectively including 9790 women. Insurance status at trial registration was categorized into private, government (Medicaid, Medicare, and other government type insurance), and self‐pay. An Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (AHRQ) nSES index was calculated using residential zip codes linked to county level data on occupation, income, poverty, wealth, education, and crowding. Logistic regression and Cox Proportional Hazard models estimated odds ratios (OR) for chemotherapy treatment completion and hazard ratios (HR) for mortality, respectively, for insurance status and nSES. The models adjusted for: race, age, tumor size, nodal status, hormone receptor status, and primary surgery. The majority of patients had private insurance at trial registration: E1199: 85.6% (4154/4854) and E5103: 82.4% (3987/4836); median SES index was 53.8 (range: 41.8‐66.8) and 54.1 (range: 44.5‐66.1), respectively. Patients with government insurance were less likely to complete chemotherapy treatment (E1199 OR (95%CI): 0.73 (0.57‐0.94); E5103 0.76 (0.64‐0.91)) and had an increased risk of death (E1199 HR (95%CI): 1.44 (1.22‐1.70); E5103 1.29 (1.06‐1.58)) compared to the privately insured patients. There was no association between nSES and chemotherapy completion or overall mortality. Patients with government insurance at trial registration appeared to face barriers in chemotherapy completion and had a higher overall mortality compared to their privately insured counterparts.