bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards improving wet‐adhesion in a metal oxide‐polymer coating system
Authors: Devasahayam Sheila
Published: January 2006

An investigation using a variable radius roll adhesion test (VaRRAT) revealed an irreversible increase in the wet‐adhesion in a metal–oxide–polymer system, under specific experimental conditions. This observation is further confirmed by the Tg measurements and the ATR‐FTIR studies. The increase in wet‐adhesion is attributed to late H2O‐catalyzed curing of the previously partially cured polymers (epoxy ring opening), as well as the formation of nanocomposite layer within the epoxy primer matrix, because of precipitation of the nanocrystals including zinc ammine complexes formed as a result of dissolution of the zinc/aluminum alloy as well as the metal oxide pigments by the amine crosslinker. High activation energy of ∼100 kJ mol−1 indicated a chemical process to be responsible for the adhesion gain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3318–3327, 2006
Water‐insoluble polymers containing amine, sulfonic acid, and carboxylic acid groups: Synthesis, characterization, and metal‐ion‐retention properties
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L. , Villegas Sandra , Ruf Beatriz
Published: January 2006

Crosslinked poly(acryloylmorpholine) and its copolymers poly(acryloyl morpholine‐co‐acrylic acid) and poly(acryloylmorpholine‐co‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid) were synthesized by radical polymerization. The resins were completely insoluble in water and were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The metal ions Ag(I), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Al(III), and Cr(III) were investigated under competitive and noncompetitive conditions by a batch equilibrium procedure. The resin‐metal‐ion equilibrium was achieved before 5 min. The recovery of the resin was investigated at 20°C with different concentrations of HNO3 and HClO4. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3266–3274, 2006
Homogeneous and heterogeneous grafting of 4‐vinylpyridine onto chitosan
Authors: Elkholy Said S. , Khalil Khalid D. , Elsabee Maher Z.
Published: January 2006

Modification of chitosan by grafting with 4‐vinylpyridine (VP) was carried out both in homogeneous and heterogeneous phases, using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) as redox initiators. The effect of monomer concentration, initiator concentration and redox ratio, time and temperature on the extent of grafting (G%), homopolymer formation, and the efficiency of grafting were studied. Values of grafting percentages up to 96% were reached in heterogeneous conditions and up to 130% in homogeneous conditions (in 5% acetic acid). The grafting was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The grafted samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystallinity of the used chitosan was not affected by grafting, it even increased slightly. Dye uptake of the grafted samples towards the different types of dyes (acidic and basic) was investigated and was found to improve profoundly over the native chitosan with a higher uptake for the acidic dye. The grafted samples showed an increased swelling in water, which increased further upon quaternization of the graft copolymers. The extent of swelling is higher in acidic and basic media more than in neutral pH. The grafted copolymers are soluble with difficulty in warm acetic acid solution. The quaternized graft copolymer was found to be soluble in water. The biological activity of the quaternized graft copolymers (G = 130 and 80%) was investigated and was found to have an inhibition effect on both the Azotobacter fungus and the bacterium Fusarium oxysporium. The effect on the micro organisms is proportional to the amount of VP in the graft copolymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3308–3317, 2006
Study on the spin probe‐added polymeric dense membranes by 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Rana D. , Matsuura T. , Khulbe K. C. , Feng C.
Published: January 2006

This article is a duplicate of an article previously published in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 99, No. 6, March 15, 2006, pp. 3062‐3069 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/app.22908.

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A study on viscoelasticity of polyurethane–organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Jin J. , Song M. , Yao K. J. , Chen L
Published: January 2006

Polyurethane (PU)/organically modified layered silicate (organoclay) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The viscoelasticity of PU–organoclay nanocomposites was investigated. The results suggest that the addition of organoclay resulted in the increase in the elasticity of PU and the decrease in damping property, and improvement of the thermal stability of PU significantly. However, it was also found that the addition of organoclay did not enhance the modulus of PU significantly. It was found that at high contents of soft segments, the modulus of PU decreased with the addition of organoclay. Hysteresis results indicated that energy dissipation increased with increasing organoclay. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3677–3683, 2006
Granular urea‐formaldehyde slow‐release fertilizer with superabsorbent and moisture preservation
Authors: Guo Mingyu , Liu Mingzhu , Liang Rui , Niu Aizhen
Published: January 2006

To improve the utilization of fertilizer and water resource at the same time, a new type of slow‐release fertilizer with superabsorbent and moisture preservation was developed, with the combination of slow‐release technique and superabsorbent polymers. The coatings were formed by the inverse phase polymerization technique. The element analysis results showed that the product contained 22.58% nitrogen element, and the water absorbency of the product was 94 times its own weight if it was allowed to swell in tap water at room temperature for 2 h. The results of the slow‐release behavior of N and the water absorbency and retention properties in soil showed that the product not only had good slow‐release property but also had excellent water absorbency and water retention capacity, which was a significant advantage over the normal slow‐release or controlled‐release fertilizers. The effects of the amount of initiator, crosslinker, reaction time, and the degree of neutralization of acrylic acid on water absorbency were investigated and optimized. At the same, a rather new and simple method was used to make homogeneous urea‐formaldehyde granules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3230–3235, 2006
Study on the spin probe added polymeric dense membranes by 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Rana D. , Matsuura T. , Khulbe K. C. , Feng C.
Published: January 2006

Dense cellulose acetate, CA, and poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide), PPO, membranes were prepared with and without blending a spin probe, TEMPO free radical, and their 13C solid‐state cross‐polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, CPMAS NMR, spectra were taken. It was observed that there was no effect of blending TEMPO on the CPMAS NMR spectra of CA and PPO membranes. It was concluded that there was no chemical or physical interaction between the polymeric material and TEMPO. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3062–3069, 2006
Impact‐toughening mechanisms of calcium carbonate‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposite
Authors: Weon J.‐I. , Gam K.‐T. , Boo W.‐J. , Sue H.‐J. , Chan C.‐M.
Published: January 2006

The impact fracture mechanisms of polypropylene (PP), containing 9.2 vol % of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles, were investigated using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The incorporation of CaCO3 nanoparticles reduces the size of spherulites and induces the formation of β‐phase crystallites, which leads to a more ductile PP matrix. Double‐notch four‐point bending (DN‐4PB) Charpy impact specimens and notched Izod impact specimens were utilized to study the fracture mechanism(s) responsible for the observed toughening effect. A detailed investigation reveals that the CaCO3 nanoparticles act as stress concentrators to initiate massive crazes, followed by shear banding in PP matrix. These toughening mechanisms are responsible for the observed, improved impact strength. A comparison of the fracture mechanisms observed between DN‐4PB Charpy and Izod impact tests is also made to show the effectiveness of DN‐4PB for investigation of impact fracture mechanisms of polymeric systems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3070–3076, 2006
Study of creep, stress relaxation, and inverse relaxation in mulberry (Bombyx mori) and tasar (Antheraea mylitta) silk
Authors: Das Subrata , Ghosh Anindya
Published: January 2006

The phenomena of creep, stress relaxation, and inverse relaxation/stress recovery were observed for mulberry and tasar silk. Instantaneous extension and secondary creep are both higher for tasar than for mulberry. The magnitude of inverse relaxation increases with the increase in peak tension and reduction in retraction for both varieties of silk. The extent of inverse relaxation was found to reduce because of cycling stressing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3077–3084, 2006
Study on the thermal degradation of polyoxymethylene by thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG–FTIR)
Authors: Duan Yifei , Li Huilin , Ye Lin , Liu Xiaolong
Published: January 2006

Thermal degradation behaviors of polyoxymethylene in nitrogen are systematically studied by Thermogravimetry–Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (TG–FTIR). Two primary degradation mechanisms are definitely determined by the production of formaldehyde and carbon monoxide collected from successive FTIR spectrum. First, POM tends to split off formaldehyde starting at unstable chain‐ends, then random chain scission occurs at elevated temperature, and several related reactions possibly occur during the degradation process. The results prove that during the degradation, formaldehyde is the predominant product, and therefore polyether as the stabilizers used can greatly improve the degradation temperature of POM in the initial stage, and consequently effectively inhibit the thermal degradation of POM. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3085–3092, 2006
Effect of carboxymethylation on the absorption and chelating properties of chitosan fibers
Authors: Qin Yimin , Hu Huiqun , Luo Aixiang , Wang Ye , Huang Xiaoyu , Song Po
Published: January 2006

Chitosan fibers were treated with chloroacetic acid to prepare partially substituted carboxymethyl chitosan fibers. Fibers with different levels of carboxymethylation were prepared by controlling the ratio between the fiber and the amount of chloroacetic acid. The absorption properties of the modified fibers for Cu(II) ions were studied at different concentrations, temperature, time, and pH. Results showed that the carboxymethylated chitosan fibers were more effective than the original chitosan fibers in removing Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3110–3115, 2006
Effect of filler network on dynamic viscoelastic properties of uncured polymethylvinylsiloxanes filled with silica and carbon black
Authors: Hu Hongguo , Lin Jun , Zheng Qiang , Xu Xiaoming
Published: January 2006

Dynamic properties of polymethylvinylsiloxane (PMVS) filled with filler‐blends composed of carbon black (CB) and silica (SiO2) were investigated using an advanced rheometric expansion system. A variety of weight fraction of CB to SiO2 were 0/100, 10/90, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 90/10, and 100/0, and a bifunctional organsilane, bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasurfane, was used to facilitate the filler dispersion. The results reveal that the incorporation of CB/SiO2 filler‐blends into PMVS result in a reduced Payne effect. This effect reaches a minimum when the ratio of CB/SiO2 approaches 1, and then it began to rebound with the ratio increase. Meanwhile, a characteristic Newtonian viscosity plateau appearing in low frequencies also significantly decreases, depending on the amount of CB or SiO2 added. On the basis of a simplified Fowke model, we ascribe this phenomenon to the deteriorated filler network, which is predominantly induced by the totally different surface activity between CB and SiO2. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3477–3482, 2006
Rubber toughening of polyamide 6/organoclay nanocomposites obtained by melt blending
Authors: Baldi F. , Bignotti F. , Tieghi G. , Riccò T.
Published: January 2006

Rubber toughening of polyamide 6 (PA6)/layered‐silicate nanocomposites was investigated. Different systems were prepared via melt blending according to different formulations. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the nanocomposites had an appreciable degree of exfoliation. A linear elastic fracture mechanics approach was applied to characterize the material fracture behavior in dry conditions, whereas, because of the considerable ductility exhibited by the samples in the wet state, an elastic–plastic approach based on the essential work of fracture methodology was employed. In the absence of rubber, the presence of silicate layers makes the material fracture resistance decrease relative to neat polymer, depending on the degree of humidity. The results showed that the toughening action of rubber strongly depends on the degree of humidity of the material, at least for the rubber contents considered in this study (lower than 10 wt %). In particular, in slightly wet conditions, it was found that the addition of small amounts of rubber increased the fracture resistance of PA6/layered‐silicate nanocomposites without appreciably impairing the material stiffness. Thus, the results indicated that, for the given humidity conditions, a good balance between stiffness and toughness was obtainable by employing a suitable ratio of rubber to layered‐silicate content. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3406–3416, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of oligomers containing the α‐aminoalkylphenone chromophore as oligomeric photoinitiator
Authors: Ye Guodong , Zhou Hua , Yang Jianwen , Zeng Zhaohua , Chen Yonglie
Published: January 2006

An oligomeric photoinitiator containing α‐aminoalkylphenone photoactive chromophore in the main chain was prepared from diphenyl ether, α‐chloroisobutyryl chloride, and piperazine through acylation, bromination, epoxidation, and polycondensation. The obtained oligomeric photoinitiator was characterized by GPC, TGA, traditional DSC, FTIR, NMR, UV–vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of the oligomeric photoinitiator was determined to be 2000–4000. The excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescence spectra were 376 and 473 nm, respectively. The thermal stability of the oligomer was found to be perfect with a decomposition temperature greater than 300°C. All the spectroscopic and thermal analyses clearly confirmed the consistence of property and structure. In a comparative photo‐DSC investigation, the oligomeric photoinitiator showed high photoinitiating efficiency while using 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate as monomer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3417–3424, 2006
Preparation and characterization of alginate–carrageenan complex films
Authors: Roh Young Hoon , Shin Chul Soo
Published: January 2006

Alginate–carrageenan (Al–Ca) complex films were synthesized and characterized. The Al–Ca ratio and the crosslinking agent type were important factors in determining the pore size of the complex film. The pore size decreased with an increasing carrageenan content and was reduced further by a crosslinking reaction with CaCl2. The most uniform and flexibile film was formed at an Al–Ca ratio of 6:4. The degree of swelling of crosslinked films increased with an increasing carrageenan content. With a combination of CaCl2and ZnSO4, the water content of the film due to swelling was smallest, which was more suitable than with CaCl2alone. The permeabilities of glucose and dextrans for Al–Ca complex films increased as the alginate content increased, because complex films with a high alginate content had large pores. The partition coefficients of glucose and dextrans for films were in a range of 0.2 to 1.0 depending on the contents of alginate and carrageenan. A 6:4 Al–Ca complex film was most stable in a phosphate buffer solution, indicating that the 6:4 content ratio was suitable to maintain the mechanical strength of alginate–carrageenan chains. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3483–3490, 2006
Syntheses of epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes and the effects of terminated alkoxysilanes on cured thermal properties
Authors: Lee Tzong‐Ming , Ma Chen‐Chi M. , Hsu Chia‐Wen , Wu Han‐Lang
Published: January 2006

A series of epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes have been synthesized by reacting multifunctional aminoalkoxysilanes with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin. The reactions of trifunctional 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), difunctional 3‐aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (APMDS), and monofunctional 3‐aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane (APDES) with DGEBA epoxy have been monitored and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 29Si NMR spectra in this study. The synthesized epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes precursors, with different terminated alkoxysilane groups, are thermally cured with or without the addition of curing catalysts. Organometallic dibutyltindilaurate, and alkaline tetrabutylammonium hydroxide have been used as curing catalysts to investigate the thermal curing behaviors and cured properties of epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes precursors. The maximum exothermal curing temperatures of epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes precursors are found to appear around the same region of 120°C in DSC analysis. The addition of catalysts to the epoxy/APTES precursor shows significant influence on the cured structure; however, the catalysts exhibit less influence on the cured structure of epoxy‐APMDS precursor and epoxy/APDES precursor. Curing catalysts also show significant enhancement in increasing the thermal decomposition temperature (Td50s) of cured network of trifunctional epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxane (epoxy/APTES). High Td50s of 518.8 and 613.6 in the cured hybrids of epoxy/APTES and epoxy/APMDS precursors are also observed, respectively. When trialkoxysilane‐terminated epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes precursor are cured, with or without the addition of catalyst, no obvious Tg transition can be found in the TMA analysis of cured network. The cured network of trialkoxysilane‐terminated epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes also exhibits the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) among the three kinds of alkoxysilane‐terminated epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes investigated. The organic–inorganic hybrid, from epoxy‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes after the thermal curing process, shows better thermal stability than the cured resin network of pure epoxy‐diaminopropane. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3491–3499, 2006
Preparation and characterization of eugenol‐grafted chitosan hydrogels and their antioxidant activities
Authors: Jung Byung‐Ok , Chung Suk‐Jin , Lee Sang Bong
Published: January 2006

The hydrogels composed of chitosan and eugenol were prepared to enhance and sustain antioxidant activities. The vinyl groups of eugenol monomer were directly grafted on the amino groups of chitosan, using ceric ammonium nitrate. The graft of eugenol onto chitosan was confirmed by using Fourier‐transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Results from the swelling behavior, thermal stability, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction revealed that the equilibrium water content decreased with increase of graft yields, because of the hydrophobicity of eugenol, although the introduction of eugenol as a side chain disturbed the ordered arrangement of chitosan's crystalline structure. The eugenol‐grafted chitosan hydrogels showed lower pH sensitivity in comparison with chitosan alone, because the amino groups, which were pH sensitive, of chitosan were grafted with eugenol. The scavenging activity of the tested hydrogels increased with graft yield of eugenol, because phenolic groups in the eugenol could play a major role as potent free‐radical terminators, in the results of improved antioxidant activity in eugenol‐grafted chitosan hydrogel in comparison with chitosan alone. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3500–3506, 2006
Material transport properties of polymer–gel composite‐charged mosaic membrane with and without reinforcement [II]
Authors: Hirao Kouichi , Yamauchi Akira , El Sayed A. Mounir
Published: January 2006

The charged mosaic membranes (CMM) without reinforcement and the composite charged mosaic membrane (CCMM) with reinforcement were investigated in terms of solute and solvent transport. The composite charged mosaic membrane (CCMM) with reinforcement showed an unique transport behavior such as preferential material transport Lp and ω. Filtration coefficient, Lp and salt permeability coefficient ω were estimated by taking account of active layer thickness of composite polymer gel. The Lp and ω values of CCMM with reinforcement were larger than those of charged mosaic membrane (CMM) without reinforcement. On the other hand, the reflection coefficient of CCMM σ showed negative value, which suggested the preferential material transport to solvent transport. This indicates that σ was independent of active layer thickness. Furthermore, the results of transport properties of CCMM with reinforcement were supported by the membrane potential measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3507–3513, 2006
Preparation and properties of a novel elastomeric polyurethane/organic montmorillonite nanocomposite
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Chen Yuehui , Wang Jialu
Published: January 2006

A novel elastomeric polyurethane (EPU)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposite has been synthesized. 18 Alkane‐3 methyl‐amine chloride and dihydroxethyl‐12 alkane‐3 methyl‐amine chloride were used as intercalation agents to treat Na+‐montmorillonite and for forming two kinds of OMMTs. The better OMMT was chosen according to fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Three types of EPU/OMMT nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of EPU, with different amounts of OMMT. A combination of FTIR, WAXD, and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) studies showed that EPU/OMMT composites were on the nanometer scale and the segmented structure of EPU was hindered by the presence of the OMMT, due to the reaction between toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and the intercalation agents. Properties such as tensile property, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were researched and compared. Results showed that the EPU/3% OMMT had the best physical and mechanical properties because of its uniform dispersion of the organic silicate layers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3578–3585, 2006
A comparative study on the preparation and characterization of aromatic and aliphatic bismaleimides‐modified polyurethane–epoxy interpenetrating polymer network matrices
Authors: Mahesh K. P. O. , Alagar M. , Jothibasu S.
Published: January 2006

Interpenetrating polymer networks of bismaleimide‐modified polyurethane–epoxy systems were prepared using the aliphatic and aromatic bismaleimides‐ and polyurethane‐modified epoxy and cured in the presence of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane. Infrared spectral analysis was used to confirm the polyurethane‐crosslinked epoxy (PU–EP). The matrices developed were characterized by mechanical, thermal, electrical, and morphological studies. The results obtained from the mechanical studies indicate that the incorporation of polyurethane and bismaleimides into epoxy increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength, according to their nature and percentage concentration. The results obtained from the thermal and electrical studies indicate that the incorporation of polyurethane into epoxy decreased the thermal properties (glass transition temperature, heat distortion temperature (HDT), thermal stability) and electrical properties (dielectric strength, volume and surface resistivity, and arc resistance). The incorporation of aromatic bismaleimide into the polyurethane‐modified epoxy system increased the glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and electrical properties. Decreased values of glass transition and HDT were obtained in the case of aliphatic bismaleimide‐modified polyurethane–epoxy system. Surface morphology of modified epoxy systems was studied using scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that the polyurethane‐modified epoxy systems exhibited heterogeneous morphology and bismaleimides‐modified epoxy systems showed a homogeneous morphology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3592–3602, 2006
Preparation and characteristics of Tryptophan‐imprinted Fe3O4/P(TRIM) composite microspheres with magnetic susceptibility by inverse emulsion–suspension polymerization
Authors: Lu Shulai , Cheng Guoxiang , Zhang Honggang , Pang Xingshou
Published: January 2006

Tryptophan‐imprinted Fe3O4/P(TRIM) composite microspheres with magnetic susceptibility (MS‐SMIPs) were prepared by inverse emulsion–suspension polymerization, according to the principle of molecular imprinting technique, using magnetite Fe3O4 particles as magnetically susceptible component, methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylamide (AM) as functional monomers, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as polymeric matrix components, and hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC) as dispersant. The external morphology and the inner structure of MS‐SMIPs were observed by SEM. SEM photographs showed that the resulting MS‐SMIPs were regularly spherical in external morphology and had a large quantity of spherical microvoids inside. The effects of the amount of Fe3O4 on particle size and morphology of MS‐SMIPs were investigated in detail. The results indicated that the amount of Fe3O4 affected particle size distribution and morphology of MS‐SMIPs obviously. The magnetic characteristics of MS‐SMIPs were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer, and the results showed that the resulting MS‐SMIPs had a certain magnetic response to external magnetic fields. Adsorption properties, molecular recognition selectivity, and regeneration recognition selectivity of MS‐SMIPs were investigated using tyrosine and phenylalanine as control molecules, and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that the resulting MS‐SMIPs exhibited a good recognition selectivity for tryptophan, and the relative separation factor (β) was 2.75, and MS‐SMIPs also exhibited higher regeneration recognition selectivity, and the separation factor was 1.83 and 1.80 in first regeneration and second regeneration, respectively. The effect of the amount of functional monomers on molecular recognition selectivity was investigated, and the mechanism of imprinting and recognition was analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3241–3250, 2006
Toughening and compatibilization of polypropylene/polyamide‐6 blends with a maleated–grafted ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Xie Tingxiu , Hou Lianlong , Ou Yuchun , Yang Guisheng
Published: January 2006

In this article, maleated–grafted ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate (EVA‐g‐MA) was used as the interfacial modifier for polypropylene/polyamide‐6 (PP/PA6) blends, and effects of its concentration on the mechanical properties and the morphology of blends were investigated. It was found that the addition of EVA‐g‐MA improved the compatibility between PP and PA6 and resulted in a finer dispersion of dispersed PA6 phase. In comparison with uncompatibilized PP/PA6 blend, a significant reduction in the size of dispersed PA6 domain was observed. Toluene‐etched micrographs confirmed the formation of interfacial copolymers. Mechanical measurement revealed that the addition of EVA‐g‐MA markedly improved the impact toughness of PP/PA6 blend. Fractograph micrographs revealed that matrix shear yielding began to occur when EVA‐g‐MA concentration was increased upto 18 wt %. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3300–3307, 2006
Radiation‐induced grafting of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate onto high‐density polyethylene membranes. II. Thermal and chemical properties
Authors: Zu Jianhua , Yu Chunhui , Wu Minghong , Jiao Zheng , Zhang Jianqiu , Liu Xinwen
Published: January 2006

Strong acid cation‐exchange membranes were obtained by radiation‐induced grafting of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate onto high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). Thermal and chemical properties of the cation‐exchange membranes were investigated. The effectiveness of SO3Na containing membranes was conformed in inducing high resistance to oxidative degradation. The char residue of the grafted HDPE is greater than that of ungrafted HDPE. It shows that the branch chains, including SO3Na and COOH groups, give catalytic impetus to the charring. The crystallinity of the grafted membranes was decreased when increasing the grafting yield. It was assumed that the decreased crystallinity was due to collective effects of the inherent crystallinity dilution by the amorphous grafted chains and the crystal distortion of the HDPE component. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3396–3400, 2006
Effect of support material on ultrafiltration membrane performance
Authors: Lohokare H. R. , Bhole Y. S. , Kharul U. K.
Published: January 2006

Supported ultrafiltration (UF) membranes based on polyacrylonitrile were prepared by phase inversion method using nonwoven polyester fabric as support with different origin. The membrane preparation parameters, including dope solution composition and casting conditions, were kept same while changing the support fabric. Various analyses performed, viz. water flux, protein rejection, porosity, and membrane compaction indicated that the support used for UF membrane preparation affects the membrane properties to a great extent, and a right support need to be chosen for a preparation of membrane with desired properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3389–3395, 2006
Differential scanning calorimetry of copolymer of isotactic polypropylene backbone with grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) branches
Authors: Whitney Philip M. , Zhu Shiping
Published: January 2006

A series of graft polymers having polypropylene (PP) backbone and poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) (EPR) side chains was prepared. PP backbone molecular weight (Mn) was 28–98 kg/mol, EPR side chain Mn was 2.6–17 kg/mol, and EPR content was 0–16 wt %. In this work, thermal analysis of the copolymers was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nonisothermal crystallization was performed at different cooling rates. The DSC thermograms revealed multiple melting peaks for slowly cooled samples, most likely the result of the melting of thinner tangential lamellae followed by the melting of thicker radial lamellae. Equilibrium melting temperature (Tm0) was determined using the linear Hoffman–Weeks method. Another approach was also used for determining Tm0: melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) were plotted as functions of logarithmic cooling rate. Linear relationships were observed for all samples with the cross points as Tm0's. As cooling rate decreased, Tc, Tm, and enthalpy of fusion (ΔHf) increased. Tm and Tm0 increased with increasing PP Mn. Tc and Tm were unaffected by the grafting of EPR onto the PP backbone. Tm0 and ΔHf decreased as EPR content increased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3380–3388, 2006
Study of dielectric properties of polypyrrole prepared using two different oxidizing agents
Authors: Saafan S. A. , El‐Nimr M. K. , El‐Ghazzawy E. H.
Published: January 2006

Polypyrrole samples that have been prepared in a conducting state by a chemical method using two different oxidizing agents, ferric chloride and potassium persulphate, in different concentrations have been transformed to a dielectric state by heating at 333 K for 7 days and then at 353 K for 4 days more. Then the frequency and temperature 32 dependence of the dielectric constant ε′, loss tangent tan δ and AC conductivity σ′ were investigated using a complex impedance technique. It has been found that the concentrations of the reactants used in the preparation have a noticeable effect on the dielectric properties. It has been concluded also that heating at constant temperature has enhanced the resistivity of the samples, which can be considered as a simple method of obtaining polypyrrole (PPy) in a dielectric state rather than more complex electrochemical methods which may be useful in some future applications such as the manufacture of supercapacitors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3370–3379, 2006
Modification of wrinkle resistance of cotton fabric
Authors: Yuen C. W. M. , Kan C. W. , Wong W. K. , Lee H. L.
Published: January 2006

Cotton fabrics were treated with montmorillonite (MMT) so as to improve the wrinkle‐resistant properties of the cotton fabrics. The MMT in emulsion form was applied by padding method to the cotton fabrics, and the wrinkle‐resistant properties of the MMT‐treated cotton fabrics and the wrinkle‐resistant properties of MMT‐treated cotton fabrics were consequently improved. Furthermore, different instrumental methods were used for studying the distribution of MMT particles on the cotton fabric surface. It was noted that near nano‐scale MMT particles were adhered on the fiber surface, and in addition, the particles size played an important role in influencing the wrinkle‐resistant properties of the cotton fabric. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3700–3707, 2006
Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in aquatic tissues
Authors: Chuanlai Xu , Cifang Peng , Kai Hao , Zhengyu Jin , Wukang Wang
Published: January 2006

A competitive indirect chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (ic‐CLEIA) for chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in shrimp has been developed. After optimization (incubation time, concentration of Tween‐20, concentration of PBS and pH), the method gave a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/mL and a detection range of 0.03–23.7 ng/mL, with an ED50 of 0.47 ng/mL. The method has been validated on spiked shrimp samples in terms of precision (intra‐ and interassay coefficient variations of less than 10% and 15%, respectively) and accuracy (mean recovery 95–123%). The assay performance is better than the ELISA method which is widely used to detect chloramphenicol and indicates that the CLEIA method can be used to test aquatic samples instead of ELISA. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of adenyl residue reactivity within model nucleic acids by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Grajcar Lydie , El Amri Chahrazade , Ghomi Mahmoud , Fermandjian Serge , Huteau Valerie , Mandel Richard , Lecomte Sophie , Baron Marie‐Hélène
Published: January 2006

We rank the reactivity of the adenyl residues (A) of model DNA and RNA molecules with electropositive subnano size [Ag] sites as a function of nucleic acid primary sequences and secondary structures and in the presence of biological amounts of Cl− and Na+ or Mg2+ ions. In these conditions A is markedly more reactive than any other nucleic acid bases. A reactivity is higher in ribo (r) than in deoxyribo (d) species [pA > pdA and (pA)n ≫ (pdA)n]. Base pairing decreases A reactivity in corresponding duplexes but much less in r than in d. In linear single and paired dCAG or dGAC loci, base stacking inhibits A reactivity even if A is bulged or mispaired (A.A). dA tracts are highly reactive only when dilution prevents self‐association and duplex structures. In d hairpins the solvent‐exposed A residues are reactive in CAG and GAC triloops and even more in ATC loops. Among the eight rG1N2R3A4 loops, those bearing a single A (A4) are the least reactive. The solvent‐exposed A2 is reactive, but synergistic structural transitions make the initially stacked A residues of any rGNAA loop much more reactive. Mg2+ cross‐bridging single strands via phosphates may screen A reactivity. In contrast d duplexes cross‐bridging enables “A flipping” much more in rA.U pairs than in dA.T. Mg2+ promotes A reactivity in unpaired strands. For hairpins Mg2+ binding stabilizes the stems, but according to A position in the loops, A reactivity may be abolished, reduced, or enhanced. It is emphasized that not only accessibility but also local flexibility, concerted docking, and cation and anion binding control A reactivity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 6–28, 2006

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Bridging μ‐η5:η4‐Coordination of an Indenyl Ligand and Reductive Coupling of Diazabutadienes in the Assembly of Di‐ and Tetranuclear Mixed‐Valent Ytterbium Indenyldiazabutadiene Complexes
Authors: Trifonov Alexander A. , Fedorova Elena A. , Fukin Georgy K. , Baranov Evgenii V. , Druzhkov Nikolai O. , Bochkarev Mikhail N.
Published: January 2006

The redox reaction of [Yb(C9H7)2(thf)2] with the diazabutadiene PhNC(Me)C(Me)NPh (DAD) has been found to depend on the molar ratio of the reactants. Reaction in a 1:2 molar ratio affords the dinuclear mixed‐valent complex [Yb2(μ‐η5:η4‐C9H7)(η5‐C9H7)2{μ‐η4:η4‐PhNC(Me)C(Me)NPh}] containing an indenyl ligand with an unusual μ‐η5:η4 bridging coordination. Reaction of equimolar amounts of these compounds results in an organolanthanide‐mediated reductive coupling of the DAD ligands and formation of the tetranuclear mixed‐valent complex [Yb2(μ‐η5:η4‐C9H7)(η5‐C9H7)2{μ‐η4:η4‐PhNC(CH2)C(Me)NPh}]2 with a novel tetradentate tetraimine ligand.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of Stannylcupration of α,β‐Acetylenic Ketones and Esters
Authors: Ahlquist Mårten , Nielsen Thomas E. , Le Quement Sebastian , Tanner David , Norrby Per‐Ola
Published: January 2006

The title reaction has been investigated by experimental and computational (DFT) techniques, and subsequently compared to the corresponding carbocupration reaction, with particular emphasis on the stereoselectivity. For stannylcupration of an ynone substrate, only the anti‐addition product is observed, whereas for the corresponding ynoate substrate, the stereoselectivity can be affected by the reaction conditions: in the presence of methanol as proton donor, the initial syn‐addition product can be trapped, whereas a syn/anti mixture is obtained in a non‐protic solvent. This is in sharp contrast to the carbocupration of the same ynone substrate with a cyanocuprate (RCu(CN)Li), which is highly selective for syn‐addition. The product selectivities can be understood from a detailed computational characterization of the reaction paths, and in particular from the relative stabilities of the vinyl cuprate and allenolate intermediates. It is suggested that the stereodetermining step is protonation of vinyl cuprate intermediates.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Rb2RuO4 and K2RuO4.
Authors: Fischer Dieter , Hoppe Rudolf , Mogare Kailash M. , Jansen Martin
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Viscosity Measurements on Water Vapor and Their Evaluation
Authors: Teske Viola , Vogel Eckhard , Bich Eckard
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of LixMn0.67Ni0.33O2 (0.2 < x < 0.33) Nanowires with a Hexagonal Layered Structure.
Authors: Park Dae Hoon , Lim Seung Tae , Hwang Seong‐Ju , Yoon Chong‐Seung , Sun Yang‐Kook , Choy Jin‐Ho
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrochemical Deposition of Platinum from Aqueous Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate Solution.
Authors: Whalen John J. III , Weiland James D. , Searson Peter C.
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrolytic Generation of Ozone on Antimony‐ and Nickel‐Doped Tin Oxide Electrode.
Authors: Wang Yun‐Hai , Cheng Shaoan , Chan Kwong‐Yu , Li Xiao Yan
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sol—Gel Preparation and Characterization of Codoped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Powders.
Authors: Leleckaite Asta , Kareiva Aivaras , Bettentrup Helga , Juestel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Autoionization of [TiF4] by Cation Complexation with [15]Crown‐5 to Give [TiF2([15]crown‐5)][Ti4F18] Containing the Tetrahedral [Ti4F18]2‐ Ion.
Authors: Decken Andreas , Jenkins H. Donald B. , Knapp Carsten , Nikiforov Grigory B. , Passmore Jack , Rautiainen J. Mikko
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Series of Vanadium‐Sulfite Polyoxometalates: Synthesis, Structural, and Physical Studies.
Authors: Miras Haralampos N. , Raptis Raphael G. , Lalioti Nikolia , Sigalas Michael P. , Baran Peter , Kabanos Themistoklis A.
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acidity Trends in α,β‐Unsaturated Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium Derivatives: Comparison with C‐, Si‐, Ge‐, Sn‐, N‐, P‐, As‐, and Sb‐Containing Analogues.
Authors: Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Riague El Hassan , Gal Jean‐Francois , Maria Pierre‐Charles , Mo Otilia , Yanez Manuel
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of 2‐(N‐Substituted)‐2‐imidazolines and 2‐(N‐Substituted)‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidines.
Authors: Kan Wai Ming , Lin Shih‐Hsun , Chern Ching‐Yuh
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium(III) Chloride—Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Amines.
Authors: De Surya K. , Gibbs Richard A.
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Acylcyclopropanes from Homoaldol Products by Stereospecific Homoallylic Cyclization.
Authors: Kalkofen Rainer , Brandau Sven , Uenaldi Seda , Froehlich Roland , Hoppe Dieter
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Easy Two‐Step Reduction of Salicylic Acids and Alcohols to 2‐Methylphenols.
Authors: Mazzini Francesco , Salvadori Piero
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalysis by Ionic Liquid. A Green Protocol for the Stereoselective Debromination of vicinal‐Dibromides by [pmIm]BF4 under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Jana Ranjan
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General Thiolation of Magnesium Organometallics Using Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide.
Authors: Krasovskiy Arkady , Gavryushin Andrey , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Cyanide.
Authors: Murahashi Shun‐Ichi , Komiya Naruyoshi , Terai Hiroyuki
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Sonogashira‐Coupling/Wittig Olefination Procedures.
Authors: Watanabe Masataka , Mataka Shuntaro , Thiemann Thies
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Atom‐Efficient Esterification Between Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols Catalyzed by Amphoteric, Water‐Tolerant TiO(acac)2.
Authors: Chen Chien‐Tien , Munot Yogesh S.
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silphos [PCl3‐n(SiO2)n]: A Heterogeneous Phosphine Reagent for Formylation and Acetylation of Alcohols and Amines with Ethyl Formate and Acetate.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Jamalian Arezu
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereomeric Molecular Recognition and Binding Behavior of Bile Acids by L/D‐Tryptophan‐Modified β‐Cyclodextrins.
Authors: Wang Hao , Cao Rui , Ke Chen‐Feng , Liu Yu , Wada Takehiko , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Bithiophenesilane Dendrimer of the First Generation.
Authors: Ponomarenko S. A. , Muzafarov A. M. , Borshchev O. V. , Vodopyanov E. A. , Demchenko N. V. , Myakushev V. D.
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Baylis—Hillman Reactions of N‐Tosyl Aldomines and Aryl Aldehydes with 3‐Methylpenta‐3,4‐dien‐2‐one.
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Ling , Shi Min
Published: January 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.