bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation mechanisms of balsa wood and PVC foam sandwich core composites due to freeze/thaw exposure in saline solution
Authors: Toubia Elias A , Emami Sadra , Klosterman Donald
Published: April 2017

Structural engineers commonly use balsa wood and PVC foam as core materials for sandwich composite structures. These structures are frequently exposed to thermal cycling in sea water. The long-term performance and damage mechanism of these composite sandwich structures under such environmental conditions are still unclear. To simulate these effects, sandwich panels using balsa wood (SB100) and foam core (Airex C70.55) with fiber glass/vinyl ester face sheets were exposed to 100 days of freeze/thaw exposure (−20℃ to 20℃). The freezing and thawing occurred in presence of a saline solution. A total of 150 samples were tested for core shear, core compression, and peel tests. Results confirmed that exposure reduced the balsa wood core shear strength by 14%, compression strength by 36%, and compression modulus by 33%. Interestingly, the PVC foam core shear modulus increased by 25% after exposure, whereas the compression modulus reduced by 12%. Simulated lifetime core shear fatigue curves were developed and evaluated. Additional testing techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, dynamical mechanical analysis, and X-ray computed tomography were used to rationalize the static and fatigue behavior of the core materials.
A Dermatologist’s Approach to Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
Authors: Hum Matthew , Dytoc Marlene
Published: April 2017

Background:

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a debilitating condition caused by hypoestrogenism that presents with vaginal dryness and dyspareunia as well as other genital, sexual, and urinary symptoms. Previously known as atrophic vaginitis, the term GSM is now used.

Objective:

To help familiarise dermatologists with diagnosing and managing GSM.

Methods:

In total, 218 articles were identified and reviewed by 2 independent authors using PubMed. Articles included were from December 2005 to December 2015. Sixty-seven articles met our inclusion criteria.

Results:

GSM is a clinical diagnosis, requiring the presence of symptoms that should be bothersome and not accounted for by another condition. A pH test may help with diagnosis as vaginal pH will be increased from acidic to neutral. The Papanicolaou test is not recommended because of poor clinical correlation. First-line treatment is low-dose local vaginal estrogen therapy, which has proven efficacy and safety. Serum estrogen levels are not significantly affected with the exception of creams containing high-dose conjugated equine estrogens. Other options have yet to be approved for use in Canada but show promise.

Conclusion:

GSM is a debilitating and common condition that suffers from barriers to diagnosis and treatment. Current treatments are well tolerated, rewarding, and effective with rapid onset.
Long-term outcome of paediatric spinal cord injury
Authors: Kulshrestha Richa , Kumar Naveen , Chowdhury J Roy , Osman Aheed , El Masri W
Published: April 2017

Background

Spinal cord injuries are relatively uncommon in children and evidence about long-term outcomes is limited. This study was performed to determine the frequency of common long-term complications in patients sustaining spinal injury in childhood (0–18 years) and who were followed up at a single dedicated spinal injuries centre in the UK.

Method

A retrospective review of clinical records of all patients injured at or less than 18 years of age between 1971 and 1999. Complications studied were renal, bowel, musculoskeletal, pressure ulcers and post-traumatic syringomyelia. Long-term social outcomes of independence, employment and driving were also assessed.

Results

Of 69 individuals (47 males, 22 females) the median age at injury was 17 years (range 0–18 y); 68% were older than 13 years at injury and 74% had traumatic injuries. Patients had an average duration of 27 years (12–43 years) of spinal injury – half had a neurological level of T6 and above, 80% had paraplegia and 20% had quadriplegia.

Discussion

Patients with both complete and incomplete spinal cord injury have minimal neurological recovery. Managing medical complications is vital as only 11.5% had normal voiding and 10.6% had normal bowel function. The incidence of skin ulcers increases with duration of spinal cord injury and scoliosis is higher in the non-traumatic injury group. Spasticity is observed in 66.6% and post-traumatic syringomyelia in 11.7%. Long-term social outcomes are good with 75% patients able to do independent care, 46% could drive and 39% managed employment or higher education.

Conclusions

This study documents the long-term outcomes and complications of spinal cord injuries sustained in childhood. With initial active physiological conservative management of the majority of patients, patient education and ongoing support the majority of patients achieved long-term survival and led independent and productive lives.
Comparison of analytical and multibody dynamic approaches in the study of a V6 engine piston
Authors: Cavalli M , Lavacchielli G , Tonelli R , Nicoletto Gianni , Riva Enrica
Published: April 2017

Two methods for the modelling and analysis of the piston/cylinder interaction are compared in this paper with reference to a V6 turbocharged gasoline engine piston. The first method is a traditional analytical method based on the equation of motion derived for the axial movement of the piston, written according to the kinematics of the crank mechanism. The second method is based on a multibody analysis, performed with the software AVL Excite™ Power Unit after a modal reduction of the system. The lateral force between the piston and the cylinder calculated using the analytical method is compared to the one calculated with a simplified multibody model. The results are well correlated, but in order to identify the piston secondary motion, an advanced multibody model is necessary since the consideration of the hydrodynamic effects, the flexibility of the bodies and the real profiles of the contacting surfaces is crucial. With regard to the latter aspect, a finite element model of the system under thermal boundary conditions has been implemented to evaluate the radial deformation and proper constraints have been considered to take into account the engine block stiffness. The obtained results are important because they have an impact on the radial clearance between the piston and the liner. When the multibody model takes into account these advanced effects, the piston slap events are clearly identified after the top dead centre and corresponding secondary peaks in the lateral force acting on the thrust side are calculated. At the end, a sensitivity analysis to the change of the piston-pin offset is also performed. Apart from the expected result of a lower lateral force peak when the offset is taken towards the anti-thrust side, some interesting differences are detected about the slapping behaviour. These events are clearly recognisable only if the offset is taken towards the thrust side because of the unfavourable piston rotation just prior to their occurrences. The pronounced anti-clockwise rotation of the piston prior to the lateral force peak occurrence in case of anti-thrust side offset, on the other hand, does not allow for a proper piston slap, even if the lateral acceleration is higher due to the centre of mass position with respect to the piston pin axis.
Perception and Communication of Risk in Decision Making by Persons with Dementia
Authors: Stevenson Mabel , Savage Beverley , Taylor Brian J
Published: April 2017

Communication of risks must involve people with dementia meaningfully to ensure informed and inclusive decision-making processes. This qualitative study explored concepts of risk from the perspective of persons with dementia and their experiences of communicating risk with family members and professionals. Data was analysed using grounded theory. Seventeen people in Northern Ireland with mild-moderate dementia who had recently made a decision about their daily life or care involving consideration of risks were interviewed between November 2015 and November 2016. A wide range of actual or feared risks were identified relating to: daily activities; hobbies and socialising; mental health and medicines; and risks to and from others. ‘Risk’ often held emotional rather than probability connotations. Constructive communications to address issues were presented. Problem-solving models of both active and passive decision-making about risks were evident. Effective risk communication in informed decision-making processes about health and social care is discussed.
Data in–data out? A metasynthesis of interpreter’s experiences in health and mental health
Authors: Yick Alice G , Daines Andrea M
Published: April 2017

The goal of this metasynthesis study was to employ qualitative research studies to explore the experiences of interpreters working in hospitals or mental healthcare facilities. Using Noblit and Hare’s meta-ethnographic strategy, findings from six qualitative articles were reduced to seven main themes: (1) technicalities of interpreting, (2) balancing objectivity versus supporting and identifying with the patient, (3) emotionally charged stories, (4) workplace stress, (5) interpreters’ recommendations, (6) coping strategies, and (7) integrating the past with existential growth. Practice recommendations include examining the workplace culture for attitudes that devalue interpreters. To reduce secondary trauma, it is recommended that interpreters become integrated team members with access to supervision and stress management, in order to build coping strategies. Interpreters suggested implementing preparation time and debriefing time, as well as ongoing training and professional development. However, these suggestions raise complicated administrative issues surrounding fee-for-service reimbursement.
Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Reactions Induce Fibrosis Mediated by TGF-β1 Cytokine
Authors: de Andrade Cherley Borba Vieira , Ramos Isalira Peroba Rezende , de Moraes Alan César Nunes , do Nascimento Ana Lúcia Rosa , Salata Camila , Goldenberg Regina Coeli dos Santos , de Carvalho Jorge José , de Almeida Carlos Eduardo Veloso
Published: April 2017

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate radiation-induced lesions on the skin in an experimental animal model. Methods and Materials: Cutaneous wounds were induced in Wistar rats by 4 MeV energy electron beam irradiation, using a dose rate of 240 cGy/min, for 3 different doses (10 Gy, 40 Gy, and 60 Gy). The skin was observed 5, 10, and 25 days (D) after ionizing radiation exposition.

Results:

Infiltrate inflammatory process was observed in D5 and D10, for the 40 Gy and 60 Gy groups, and a progressive increase of transforming growth factor β1 is associated with this process. It could also be noted a mischaracterization of collagen fibers at the high-dose groups.

Conclusion:

It was observed that the lesions caused by ionizing radiation in rats were very similar to radiodermatitis in patients under radiotherapy treatment.

Advances in Knowledge:

This study is important to develop strategies to prevent radiation-induced skin reactions.
“I had to change so much in my life to live with my new limitations”: Multimorbid patients’ descriptions of their most bothersome chronic conditions
Authors: Slightam Cindie A , Brandt Kirsten , Jenchura Emily C , Lewis Eleanor T , Asch Steven M , Zulman Donna M
Published: April 2017

Objective

To characterize diseases that are described as most bothersome by individuals with multiple chronic conditions and to identify themes that characterize their experiences with their most bothersome condition.

Methods

In a survey of patients at an academic center and a Veterans Affairs hospital, we asked individuals with multiple chronic conditions to identify their most bothersome chronic condition and describe why it is challenging. Standard content analysis methods were used to code responses and identify themes reflecting characteristics of most bothersome conditions.

Results

The most commonly cited bothersome conditions were chronic pain (52%), diabetes (43%), post-traumatic stress disorder (25%), heart failure (24%), and lung problems (20%). Conditions were described as most bothersome due to: (a) impact on function and quality of life (e.g. active symptoms, activity limitations), (b) health consequences or sequelae (e.g. risk of complications), and (c) challenges associated with treatment or self-management. Patterns of theme dominance varied for conditions with different characteristics.

Discussion

The conditions that patients with multiple chronic conditions identify as most bothersome vary depending on individuals’ diseases and their health-related preferences and priorities. Ascertaining patients’ most bothersome conditions and associated challenges, stress, and frustrations may help ensure that management decisions are aligned with patient preferences and priorities.
Video Goes Vertical
Authors: Canella Gino
Published: April 2017

By utilizing 15 in-depth interviews with current and former local television (TV) news videographers and editors, this article examines vertical video and what impact it is having on the production of local TV news. Three key themes are analyzed to investigate this trend: (1) the discourse video professionals use to distinguish their work as professional while labeling 9 × 16 vertical video “amateur,” creating what Pierre Bourdieu called a habitus; (2) the role vertical video has in influencing video professionals’ daily newsroom responsibilities; and (3) where vertical video fits within the business of local TV news. Mobile applications collect and display vertical content natively, and this article argues that local news professionals should recognize the creative opportunity in producing original content to engage new audiences on various platforms.
Poverty, Employment, Investment, and Education Relationships: The Case of Egypt
Authors: Nassar Heba , Biltagy Marwa
Published: April 2017

The main objective of this article is to study the poverty, employment, investment, and education relationships in Egypt. The article presents a macro-level analysis and concentrates on promoting economic growth from below and restructuring economic activities in favor of deprived regions. The study starts with a general overview of poverty in Egypt that establishes the beginning for the macro exploration so as to recommend macro policies for fighting poverty. The results ascertain that the decrease in the earnings of individuals can describe the correlation between poverty and employment. Economic growth is believed to be the principal motivation for job creation and extension of social programs that aim at overcoming poverty.
Dating in the Time of #BlackLivesMatter: Exploring Mixed-race Women’s Discourses of Race and Racism
Authors: Buggs Shantel Gabrieal
Published: April 2017

The author explores the discourses and logics that self-identified multiracial and multiethnic female online daters use to explain their own responses to social justice movements around race and racism in the United States. These women mobilize stances on the social movement Black Lives Matter (BLM) as a metric of racial progressiveness, articulating their own political views on race. Furthermore, mixed-black women in particular describe using attitudes toward the BLM movement as a way to vet potential dating partners. The implementation of BLM as a tool in the contemporary dating “toolkit” suggests that the language around, and produced by, social movements (in terms of mainstream media coverage) influences the ways in which some women discuss race, gender, and racism. Using interview data from 30 in-depth interviews, the author shows how mixed-race women navigate racial politics on an interpersonal level during a time when U.S. media and popular culture is focused on issues of racism and state-sanctioned violence. The use of BLM as a rhetorical frame demonstrates how far the logics of colorblindness and antiblackness extend into everyday life and serves as a signifier of where individuals stand on significant social issues. By analyzing the ways multiracial women talk about dating, the author provides a greater understanding of the shifting meanings of race, racism, and the “postracial” in contemporary American society.
“An Earnest Desire for the Truth despite Its Possible Unpleasantness”: A Comparative Analysis of the Atlanta University Publications and American Journal of Sociology, 1895 to 1917
Authors: Daniels Kalasia Shqueen , Wright Earl
Published: April 2017

The authors examine the methodological sophistication of the research conducted by the W.E.B. Du Bois–led Atlanta Sociological Laboratory (ASL), the first American school of sociology, and Albion Small–edited American Journal of Sociology ( AJS). Comparative analysis of the ASL publications and scholarly articles in AJS between 1895 and 1917 is undertaken to identify articulations of the method(s) of research offered in both. The authors conclude that the articulation of research methods by the ASL is superior to those from AJS. Moreover, the authors propose that Du Bois’s school was the first to institutionalize the presentation of a methods section in its research publications. Despite the ASL’s contributions to the discipline, the authors argue that scientific racism, institutional racism, and the blacklisting of Du Bois because of his embrace of communism and socialism contribute to the laboratory’s 100-year sociological marginalization. Ultimately, the authors propose that the ASL, in its entirety and not as an addendum to its relationship to Du Bois, be incorporated into the sociological canon as vigorously as the Chicago School.
Smart specialisation in regions with less-developed research and innovation systems: A changing role for universities?
Authors: Vallance Paul , Blažek Jiří , Edwards John , Květoň Viktor
Published: April 2017

Universities and other knowledge institutions have quickly come to be seen as central to smart specialisation. However, their exact role in Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation has yet to receive much critical attention in the academic literature. This is particularly notable as defining features of smart specialisation – such as the entrepreneurial dynamic of the strategy-formation process, and differentiated nature of the goals for strategies in regions with varying research and innovation capabilities – represent challenges to the notion that public research organisations should be drivers of smart specialisation in all regions. This paper articulates these conceptual tensions and then explores how they are unfolding in practice with particular reference to regions with less-developed research and innovation systems. The empirical material is drawn from a European-wide survey of institutional factors affecting the implementation of Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation and two regional case studies from Central and Eastern Europe. Overall the paper reveals a multifaceted picture of still emerging (and potentially conflicting) dynamics around the introduction of smart specialisation that have the potential to reconfigure the role of universities in regional innovation systems in Europe.
Identifying and enriching platelet-producing human stem cell–derived megakaryocytes using factor V uptake
Authors: Sim Xiuli , Jarocha Danuta , Hayes Vincent , Hanby Hayley A. , Marks Michael S. , Camire Rodney M. , French Deborah L. , Poncz Mortimer , Gadue Paul
Published: April 2017

Key Points

Describe human MK populations representing distinct developmental stages within a heterogeneous culture. FV uptake identifies cultured MKs ready to release platelets upon infusion into mice.
Regulation of neuromuscular junction organization by Rab2 and its effector ICA69 in Drosophila
Authors: Mallik Bhagaban , Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Mushtaq Zeeshan , Kumari Manisha , Verma Praveen Kumar , Kumar Vimlesh
Published: April 2017

Mechanisms underlying synaptic differentiation, which involves neuronal membrane and cytoskeletal remodeling, are not completely understood. We performed a targeted RNAi-mediated screen of Drosophila BAR-domain proteins and identified islet cell autoantigen 69 kDa (dICA69) as one of the key regulators of morphological differentiation of larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We show that Drosophila ICA69 colocalizes with α-Spectrin at the NMJ. The conserved N-BAR domain of dICA69 deforms liposomes in vitro. Full length and ICAC but not the N-BAR domain of dICA69 induces filopodia in cultured cells. Consistent with its cytoskeleton regulatory role, dICA69 mutant show reduced α-Spectrin immunoreactivity at the larval NMJ. Manipulating levels of dICA69 or its interactor dPICK1 alters synaptic level of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Moreover, reducing dPICK1 or dRab2 levels phenocopies dICA69 mutation. Interestingly, dRab2 regulates not only synaptic iGluR but also dICA69 levels. Thus, our data suggest that: a) dICA69 regulates NMJ organization through a pathway that involves dPICK1 and dRab2, and b) dRab2 genetically functions upstream of dICA69 and regulates NMJ organization and targeting/retention of iGluRs by regulating dICA69 levels.
Increased mitochondrial energy efficiency in skeletal muscle after long-term fasting. Its relevance to animal performance
Authors: Bourguignon Aurore , Rameau Anaïs , Toullec Gaëlle , Romestaing Caroline , Roussel Damien
Published: April 2017

In the final stage of fasting, skeletal muscle mass and protein content drastically decrease when the maintenance of efficient locomotor activity becomes crucial for animals to reactivate feeding behaviour and survive a very long period of starvation. As mitochondrial metabolism represents the main physiological link between the endogenous energy store and animal performance, the aim of this study was to determine how a very long, natural period of fasting affected skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in king penguin chicks (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Rates of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were measured in pectoralis permeabilized fibres and isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis efficiency and the activities of respiratory chain complexes were measured in mitochondria isolated from pectoralis muscle. Results from long-term (4-5 month) naturally fasted chicks were compared with those from short-term (10 day) fasted birds. The respiratory activities of muscle fibres and isolated mitochondria were reduced by 60% and 45%, respectively, on average in long-term fasted chicks compared with short-term fasted birds. Oxidative capacity and mitochondrial content of pectoralis muscle were lowered by long-term fasting. Bioenergetic analysis of pectoralis muscle also revealed that mitochondria were, on average, 25% more energy efficient in the final stage of fasting (4-5 months) than after 10 days of fasting (short-term fasted birds). These results suggest that the strong reduction in respiratory capacity of pectoralis muscle was partly alleviated by increased mitochondrial ATP synthesis efficiency. The impact of such oxidative phosphorylation optimization upon animal performance is discussed.
New distribution records of Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Daniell Rodrigo Rodrigues , Alves Fabio Pereira , Shimbori Eduardo Mitio , Lara Rogéria Inês Rosa , Silva Junior Juvenal Cordeiro , Perioto Nelson Wanderley
Published: April 2017

Here we present new geographical records for Probethylus callani Richards, 1939 and Probethylus schwarzi Ashmead, 1902 in Brazil.Novos dados de distribuição de Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) no BrasilResumo. Novos registros de distribuição geográfica são apresentados para Probethylus callani Richards, 1939 e Probethylus schwarzi Ashmead, 1902 no Brasil.
Online Cash-back Shopping: Implications for Consumers and e-Businesses
Authors: Ho Yi-Chun (Chad) , Ho Yi-Jen (Ian) , Tan Yong
Published: April 2017

Through reimbursing a portion of the transactional amount to some consumers in a form of cash back, merchants are able to exercise third-degree price discrimination by offering two asymmetric prices via an online dual channel. To better understand such a novel pricing mechanism, we develop a game theoretical model and start our analyses with a market consisting of one merchant, one affiliate site, and consumers heterogeneous in their product valuation. From a price point of view, cash-back shopping appears to provide site users with a saving opportunity since the effective post-cash-back price they pay is perceived to be lower than the regular price targeted at nonusers. However, we find that under some conditions, this seemingly lower price could be actually higher, compared with the optimal uniform price when the merchant does not price discriminate. An important implication is that all consumers may end up suffering from higher prices in the presence of the cash-back mechanism. This surprising result, referred to as the cash-back paradox, defies a common intuition that a price-discriminating firm must raise the price for one segment of consumers but decrease it for the other. We also develop two extensions to seek explanations behind various industry practices. We find that it is in a merchant’s best interest to affiliate with multiple sites, and the resulting competition improves overall market efficiency. Moreover, merchants who are disadvantageous in brand valuation should target price-sensitive consumers by strategically offering cash-back deals. Our results, consistent with several real-world observations, have useful implications for marketers.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0693
Modernising patient clothing: a Florence Nightingale Foundation project
Authors: Fitzgerald Christine
Published: April 2017

Christine Fitzgerald, Matron at The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (currently on secondment) discusses a project to boost patient self-esteem and dignity through the clothing provided for them to wear
The implementation of the Vessel Health and Preservation framework
Authors: Weston Valya , Nightingale Adele , O'Loughlin Chris , Ventura Roy
Published: April 2017

Vascular access is an important component of health care but is not without associated risks, some of which can be life-threatening. The Vessel Health and Preservation (VHP) framework was developed with the intention of providing frontline staff with a resource to assist in assessing and selecting the best vascular access device to meet individual patient needs and to preserve veins for future use. This article examines the impact of the introduction of the framework into a haematology ward in an acute hospital in the North West of England during a 3-month pilot study. The results indicate that the VHP framework gave nursing staff more autonomy to choose the appropriate vascular access device for their patients and improved staff knowledge around pH and osmolality of intravenous drugs. However it is clear that more in-depth evaluations need to be conducted to assess the impact of VHP on patient care and outcomes.
Dermatophytosis: an update
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: April 2017

Dermatophytosis is a common dermatological problem in companion animals, especially the cat. Clinical presentations can vary depending on the species, host immune status, and the type of dermatophyte. Identification of dermatophytes either to establish a diagnosis or decide on the end point for therapy should be multimodal. Both topical and systemic medication should be employed in treatment, as well as environmental decontamination.
Diagnostic approach to gallbladder disease in dogs and cats
Authors: Uetsu Yuki , Kilpatrick Scott , Bell Andrew
Published: April 2017

Gallbladder diseases are relatively uncommon in small animals. Clinical conditions of the gallbladder include cholecystitis, gallbladder mucocele, cholelithiasis and neoplasia (e.g. biliary cystadenomas and biliary carcinomas). Gallbladder diseases are more common in older animals, and the clinical presentation of disease is similar to other gastrointestinal or hepatic diseases. Haematology and biochemistry often demonstrate nonspecific abnormalities including leucocytosis, neutrophilia, increased liver enzymes and hyperbilirubineamia. Endocrine diseases such as hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism are often found concurrently with gallbladder diseases. Ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool for the investigation of gallbladder diseases but the significance of abnormal findings of gallbladder on ultrasound need to be assessed with care in combination with other diagnostics. Ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis can also be performed and its complication rate is low. Biopsy may be required for definitive diagnosis and, in addition, surgical intervention is often required for definitive treatment of gallbladder diseases. However, the mortality rate with surgical intervention in gallbladder diseases is relatively high.
Ruptured congenital jejunal diverticulum resulting in a mechanical gastrointestinal tract obstruction in a dog
Authors: Mills Kiara , Haugland Sean , Welsh Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

An 18-month-old female neutered English Springer Spaniel was referred due to persistent vomiting for 48 hours, following a five-week history of gastrointestinal symptoms that failed to respond to symptomatic medical management. Clinical examination revealed a firm tubular structure in the mid-abdomen, which was painful on palpation. Biochemistry showed hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and low serum alkaline phosphatase. A right lateral abdominal radiograph was consistent with a mechanical obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. An exploratory coeliotomy was performed and an annular jejunal stricture was identified and excised. Histopathology confirmed the presence of a stricture secondary to a ruptured congenital or developmental jejunal diverticulum arising from the antimesenteric border of the gastrointestinal tract. This has not previously been reported in dogs. The dog made an uncomplicated recovery from surgery and has been asymptomatic for the past 18 months.
Transporting small animals by air: welfare aspects
Authors: Ghandour Ibrahim
Published: April 2017

An increasing number of pet animals, particularly cats and dogs but also rabbits, small rodents, birds and reptiles, are being transported from the UK by air. The process is complicated, with many rules and regulations designed to safeguard the welfare of the shipped individuals. Owners generally do not make the decision to fly their pet lightly, and use a variety of resources to plan their pet's journey. Veterinary surgeons need to be able to provide appropriate advice for owners looking to transport their pet by air, in order to minimise the risks to the pet and help to ensure a smooth journey.
Veterinary care and husbandry of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.)
Authors: Pellett Sarah , Kubiak Marie , Seaberg Gena
Published: April 2017

The past few years has seen an increase in pet ownership of prairie dogs within the UK. Prairie dogs are members of the squirrel family, Sciuridae; other species from this family include ground squirrels (primarily Urocitellus and Spermophilus spp.) and Siberian chipmunks (Eutamias sibiricus). There are five extant species of prairie dog; Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are the species most commonly seen in captivity. These animals can be purchased from suppliers and breeders, but are now also being found in some pet shops. Prairie dogs are occasionally seen in general veterinary practice; they may be presented for routine procedures such as health checks and neutering, but are more frequently presented for treatment of illnesses. As prairie dogs are prey species they instinctively hide any signs of illness, therefore frequently present later into a disease process than more familiar pet species such as cats and dogs. Diseases observed in prairie dogs include acquired dental disease, malocclusion, elodontomas, bacterial pneumonia, acquired cardiac disease, and occasionally neoplasia.
Who's who in infection control?
Authors: Cash Charlotte
Published: April 2017

A look at decontamination responsibilities and record keeping in the practice, with Charlotte Cash
Go for green dentistry
Authors: Wahlers Chris
Published: April 2017

Ensuring your practice is environmentally friendly can save time and money – and will paint a good picture for patients, too
A New York state of mind
Authors: Manno Vivian
Published: April 2017

A day in the life of a US dental practice
Vlogging: a new phenomenon, but is it a concern for people's health?
Authors: Parnell Jade
Published: April 2017

Vlogging has become extremely popular in recent years. Studies have shown how exposure to idealised imagery within traditional media can lead to body image concerns, but there has been little evaluation of the specific impact of vlogging on people's health and body image. Jade Parnell describes the popular phenomenon, its influence and why more research into this media form is needed
How to master your own marketing: maximising your digital presence
Authors: Barker Michaela
Published: April 2017

The day-to-day running of a business in medical aesthetics is demanding enough. Finding the time to create the brand image you want and the style you desire is often difficult when you are doing it yourself. Even separating yourself from the brand can be hard. Michaela Barker shares some tips to help save you time and have more focus to your marketing strategy
What impact will Healthcare Improvement Scotland's regulations have on standards?
Authors: Partridge Jackie
Published: April 2017

As of 1 April 2017, independent clinics providing non-surgical cosmetic procedures in Scotland are required by law to be registered with the country's national health-care improvement organisation. Phase one of regulation is now complete, with phase two in the pipeline. Jackie Partridge, a member of Healthcare Improvement Scotland's programme board, explores how this will affect patient safety and quality of care
Child-on-child abuse
Authors: Stannard Jaine
Published: April 2017

There has been a shocking rise in the number of child-on-child sexual offences being reported. Jaine Stannard looks at why this is and advises school-based professionals on their role in tackling the issues
Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials in Down Syndrome
Authors: Esbensen Anna J. , Hooper Stephen R. , Fidler Deborah , Hartley Sigan L. , Edgin Jamie , d'Ardhuy Xavier Liogier , Capone George , Conners Frances A. , Mervis Carolyn B. , Abbeduto Leonard , Rafii Michael , Krinsky-McHale Sharon J. , Urv Tiina , Group Outcome Measures Working
Published: April 2017

Increasingly individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including Down syndrome, are being targeted for clinical trials. However, a challenge exists in effectively evaluating the outcomes of these new pharmacological interventions. Few empirically evaluated, psychometrically sound outcome measures appropriate for use in clinical trials with individuals with Down syndrome have been identified. To address this challenge, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assembled leading clinicians and scientists to review existing measures and identify those that currently are appropriate for trials; those that may be appropriate after expansion of age range addition of easier items, and/or downward extension of psychometric norms; and areas where new measures need to be developed. This article focuses on measures in the areas of cognition and behavior.
Japanese gay men’s attitudes towards ‘gay manga’ and the problem of genre
Authors: Baudinette Thomas
Published: April 2017

This article critically analyses the concept of ‘gay manga’ to ascertain how fan ‘produsers’ and casual consumers understand both geikomi (also known as bara) and Boys Love (BL) manga. Drawing upon interviews with four Japanese gay men, one Japanese Korean man and one Japanese Brazilian man, I investigate how ‘gay manga’ is understood as a locus for the construction of gay subjectivity. I argue that the informants understand BL and geikomi as two aspects of the same meta-genre, revealing how attitudes to the term ‘gay’ have evolved in Japan. For the informants, geikomi and BL are interconnected and they are both understood as legitimate expressions of gay subjectivity that play a crucial role in their understandings of gay desire. Importantly, by focusing upon readers’ subjective relationships with texts, this article demonstrates how ‘gay manga’ is understood through an affective lens, with consumers locating their understandings of ‘gay manga’ within their overall patterns of ‘gay media’ consumption. Throughout the article, I reflect upon the necessity for scholars to engage with genre in a more nuanced fashion in order to better understand how individual consumers engage with media texts in their everyday lives.
El uso de las TIC y sus implicaciones en el rendimiento de los alumnos de bachillerato. Un primer acercamiento
Authors: Dominguez Hilda López , Carmona Vazquez Héctor
Published: April 2017

El presente trabajo, aún en proceso, indaga en las implicaciones que resultan del uso de TIC por parte de los estudiantes de Bachillerato, y la relación con su desempeño escolar. La intención es conocer y reconocer, desde la perspectiva del estudiante, el cómo enfrentan el uso que hacen de las TIC en su propio desempeño escolar. Coincidimos con el planteamiento de Castells (2000) al considerar que del paradigma comunicacional poco queda a salvo en la sociedad-red por lo que, considerar el ámbito educativo, indagar en él y con ello analizar una situación específica, dará la posibilidad de analizar y reflexionar respecto al papel que los estudiantes y la sociedad debe tomar ante esta dinámica.El estudio se realiza bajo un enfoque mixto, sin embargo, aquí solo se recupera la parte cuantitativa. Misma que se llevó a cabo a partir de un cuestionario aplicado a 103 estudiantes de Preparatoria con la intención de determinar su nivel de uso de las TIC y a partir de ello analizar si existe una relación de éste con respecto a su rendimiento escolar, mismo que es sólo tenido en cuenta en tanto su promedio de calificaciones del semestre anterior.
Sistem Pengukur Suhu dan Kelembaban Ruang Server
Authors: Awaj Muhammad Fahmi , Rochim Adian Fatchur , Widianto Eko Didik
Published: April 2017

Makalah ini membahas tentang perancangan sistem pengukur suhu dan kelembaban ruang server yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi daya listrik dengan menggunakan arduino. Sistem terdiri dari sensor DHT 11 yang berfungsi untuk mengambil data berupa suhu dan kelembaban ruang server kemudian ditampilkan dalam LCD 16x2. Data suhu dan kelembaban ditampilkan juga ke dalam website dengan menggunakan IP address tertentu yang sebelumnya board arduino telah terhubung dengan ethernet shield. Suhu yang melebihi 270C akan menyalakan relay dan kipas serta sistem akan mengirim peringatan sms secara otomatis kepada administrator ruang server melalui sistem sms secara periodik hanya setiap tiga detik. Sistem peringatan sms akan berhenti jika suhu kurang 270C.
Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of the Aqueous and Supercritical Fluid Extracts from Salvia sclareoides Brot
Authors: Batista Daniela , Falé Pedro L. , Serralheiro Maria L. , Araújo Maria-Eduarda , Dias Catarina , Branco Isabel , Grosso Clara , Coelho José , Palavra António , Madeira Paulo J. A. , Martins Alice , Rauter Amélia P.
Published: April 2017

Plants belonging to the genusSalvia(Lamiaceae) are known to have a wide range of biological properties. In this work, extracts obtained from the aerial parts ofSalvia sclareoidesBrot. were evaluated to investigate their chemical composition, toxicity, bioactivity, and stability underin vitrogastrointestinal conditions. The composition of the supercritical fluid extract was determined by GC and GC-MS, while the identification of the infusion constituents was performed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS. Thein vitrocytotoxicity of both extracts (0-2 mg/mL) was evaluated in Caco-2 cell lines by the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activities were determined through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, while β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching test and the DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The infusion inhibited cyclooxygenase-1 (IC50= 271.0 μg/mL), and acetylcholinesterase (IC50= 487.7 μg/ mL) enzymes, also demonstrated significant antioxidant properties, as evaluated by the DPPH (IC50= 10.4 μg/mL) and β-carotene/linoleic acid (IC50= 30.0 μg/mL) assays. No remarkable alterations in the composition or in the bioactivities of the infusion were observed afterin vitrodigestion, which supports the potential ofS.sclareoidesas a source of bioactive ingredients with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Development and Impact of Chinese Investment in EU
Authors: Hung Nguyen Phuoc
Published: April 2017

In this paper examines the roles and influence of China in the world and, mainly, in European Union. For a decade, Chinese investors have been looking for opportunities to buy european assets. Especially since the beginning of the 2008 crisis we observed an increase of investment activities of Chinese companies. During the crisis, cash troubled european companies due to loss of liquidity were forced to sell their shares at significant discount. Over time, with stabilizing the economic situation in Europe, European companies asset prices seemingly ceased to be cheap, nevertheless a volume of Chinese FDI to Europe continued to grow. Our goal will be detailed insight into these investments and try to identify the benefits and risks of these investments. Moreover, this paper not only provide insight into economic development of Chinese FDI but also take into account political issues and background of these investment. As far as a methodology is concerned, the basis of our work will be comparing an impact of Chinese investments in European countries and their impact on economic development in selected countries. In particular, we are interested in the behavior of Chinese investors and their motivation to buy in Europe. At the same time it will also be interested in the motives of European companies that have decided to sell shares to new owners. Finally, we will also examine ways in which Chinese investors proceed with acquisitions in the EU. Data comes from Eurostat, the national statistical offices and stock market prices. We will also be examining the political influence on these countries individually and globally, therefore as part of the EU. Based on the gained information we will try to assess the current situation of China’s influence in the euro area and at the same time try to estimate its future impact. Finally, based on the detected information to analyze the results of our research.
Air purification in industrial plants producing automotive rubber components in terms of energy efficiency
Authors: Grzebielec Andrzej , Rusowicz Artur , Szelągowski Adam
Published: April 2017

In automotive industry plants, which use injection molding machines for rubber processing, tar contaminates air to such an extent that air fails to enter standard heat recovery systems. Accumulated tar clogs ventilation heat recovery exchangers in just a few days. In the plant in which the research was conducted, tar contamination causes blockage of ventilation ducts. The effect of this phenomenon was that every half year channels had to be replaced with new ones, since the economic analysis has shown that cleaning them is not cost-efficient. Air temperature inside such plants is often, even in winter, higher than 30°C. The air, without any means of heat recovery, is discharged outside the buildings. The analyzed plant uses three types of media for production: hot water, cold water at 14°C (produced in a water chiller), and compressed air, generated in a unit with a rated power consumption of 180 kW. The aim of the study is to determine the energy efficiency improvement of this type of manufacturing plant. The main problem to solve is to provide an air purification process so that air can be used in heat recovery devices. The next problem to solve is to recover heat at such a temperature level that it would be possible to produce cold for technological purposes without air purification. Experimental studies have shown that air purification is feasible. By using one microjet head, a total of 75% of tar particles was removed from the air; by using 4 heads, a purification efficiency of 93% was obtained. This method of air purification causes air temperature to decrease from 35°C to 20°C, which significantly reduces the potential for heat recovery. The next step of the research was designing a cassette-plate heat exchanger to exchange heat without air purification. The economic analysis of such a solution revealed that replacing the heat exchanger with a new one even once a year was not cost-efficient. Another issue examined in the context of energy efficiency was the use of waste heat from the air compressor. Before any changes, the heat was picked up by a chilled water system. The idea was to use the heat for cold generation. Temperature of oil and air in the compressor exceeds 65°C, which makes it a perfect heat source for an adsorption refrigeration device. This solution reduced the cooling demand by 147 kW, thus reducing power consumption by 36.75 kW. This study shows that even in factories where air is heavily polluted with tar, there are huge potentials for energy recovery using existing technical solutions. It is important to note that problems of this kind should always be approached individually.
Design of Ultra-Thin and Compact Metamaterial Monopolar Patch Antenna with Broad Bandwidth
Authors: Lin Bi-Cheng , Wang Guang-Ming
Published: April 2017

A novel magneto-electro-dielectric waveguided metamaterial (MED-WG-MTM) that the effective permeability
Bacteria Foraging Algorithm Based Optimal Multi Sink Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bose Pitchaimanickam , Gurusamy Murugaboopathi
Published: April 2017

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are mainly utilized for time sensitive applications such as forest fire detection systems and health monitoring systems. Sensor nodes are operated on low power and limited computation process. It is essential to develop the solution for planning the topological area. Multiple sinks are located in the network and reduce the number of hops between the sensors and its sinks. We propose an efficient technique based on Bacteria Foraging Algorithm to identify the best optimal locations of sinks. The experimental results show that average end to end delay is minimized and average energy consumption of sensor nodes are reduced.