bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL MODELING OF EDFL AND BRILLOUIN ERBIUM FIBER LASER
Authors: ABD-RAHMAN M. KAMIL , SELVAKENNEDY S. , AHMAD H.
Published: August 2010

Rigorous numerical models for the analysis of continuous wave operation of the erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) and Brillouin erbium fiber laser (BEFL) are demonstrated. The modeling of EDFL and BEFL (incorporating a non-linear gain medium), allows the behaviour of laser modes in their initial transient periods of operation to be analyzed. The analysis on competing modes in the laser cavity in determining the lasing wavelength, output power and spectral characteristics are not readily investigated via experimental approach. The results of the laser models in a steady state condition match acceptably well with the experimental data.
DOPANT EFFECTS ON THE STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN SrTi1-xCoxO3 NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY SOL–GEL METHOD
Authors: PHUONG DOAN THI THUY , MINH NGUYEN VAN
Published: August 2010

We investigate effects of Co dopant concentration on the structure, as well as optical and electrical transport properties in SrTi 1-x Co x O 3 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50) nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel method with annealing temperature considerably lower than that employed conventionally. The dopant-induced changes are studied by XRD, Raman, Optical absorption and Impedance measurements. The results show an average particle size of about 30 nm, and decreasing lattice parameters. In the Raman spectra, a broad structure in the region 200–500 cm-1 is almost absent and the peaks in the region 600–800 cm-1 show different relative weights with respect to those from SrTiO 3, which is related to structural changes, decreasing gap with increasing dopant concentration in conjuction with increasing grain boundary contribution to the impedance. These results also demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing the compound with low annealing temperature.
Climate modelling study on mountain uplift and Asian monsoon evolution
Authors: Kitoh A. , Motoi T. , Arakawa O.
Published: August 2010

Impacts of mountain uplift on the Asian monsoon and adjacent seas are investigated by climate model sensitivity studies. Two sets of general circulation model (GCM) experiments are performed. Using an atmosphere-ocean coupled GCM, a progressive mountain uplift experiment is performed. During boreal summer, monsoon precipitation is confined in the deep tropics around 10°N in the no-mountain case, but as mountains become higher, heavy rain areas move inland from the East Asian coast with stronger upward winds and increased rainfall over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau region. An increase of freshwater discharge from the Asian rivers results in a significant decrease of sea surface salinities over the Bay of Bengal, the South China, East China and Yellow Seas. A high-resolution atmospheric GCM experiment, which shows improvement in reproducing the present-day model climatology, gives more precise information on precipitation and the circulation changes caused by mountain uplift.
Orbital and suborbital variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean as recorded in sediments of the Maldives Ridge (ODP Hole 716A) during the past 444 ka
Authors: De Soma , Sarkar Sudipta , Gupta Anil K.
Published: August 2010

This study is aimed at understanding past 444 ka record of climate variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean using high resolution records of planktic and benthic foraminifera and pteropods from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 716A, Maldives Ridge, southeastern Arabian Sea. In total, 892 samples of 10 cm
3
volume from 444 ka old sequence were analysed at 1 cm intervals to generate census data of the foraminiferal fauna and pteropods. The percent and detrended time series of mixed-layer species
Globigerinoides ruber
and
Globigerinoides sacculifer
and thermocline species
Neogloboquadrina dutertrei
, benthic foraminifera
Cymbaloporetta squammosa
,
Sphaeroidina bulloides
and
Uvigerina proboscidea
, and pteropods from ODP Hole 716A reveal significant changes in wind intensity during the past 444 ka. An abrupt decrease in the
Cymbaloporetta squammosa
population at
c.
300 ka (across MIS 8/9) suggests a weakening of equatorial wind intensity, which could be linked to Indian monsoon and may have driven pronounced changes in the oxygen minimum zone in the Maldivian region. These changes were contemporaneous with the Mid-Brunhes Climatic Event, the beginning of aridity in the Indonesian-Australian region and the onset of a humid phase in equatorial East Africa as observed in several oceanic and continental records. This strengthens a connection between equatorial Indian Ocean wind intensity, the Indian monsoon and Indonesian-Australian-African climates.

Supplementary material:

Percentages of benthic and planktic foraminifera and pteropods used in the present study are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18413
Cenozoic sediments in the southern Tarim Basin: implications for the uplift of northern Tibet and evolution of the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Zheng Hongbo , Tada Ryuji , Jia Juntao , Lawrence Colin , Wang Ke
Published: August 2010

Cenozoic sedimentary successions along the southern margin of the Tarim Basin, western China, reach up to 10 km in thickness. The two studied sections, the Yecheng and Aertashi, comprise
c
. 4.5 km and
c
. 7.0 km of clastic sedimentary rocks respectively. The base of the Yecheng section has been dated palaeomagnetically to be about 8 Ma. Age control of the Aertashi section is based on
87
Sr/
86
Sr measurements (for the basal marine bed), together with magnetostratigraphy and regional stratigraphic correlation. The lower part of each section is mainly composed of fine-grained mudstone and fine sandstone, which makes up the Wuqian Group (Miocene). The palaeoenvironment is low-energy, meandering and braided streams. The middle part is composed of red mudstone, sandstone with thin conglomerate beds, which make up the Artux Formation (Pliocene). The palaeoenvironment is a distal- to mid-fan environment. The uppermost part of the section, known as the Xiyu Formation (Plio-Pleistocene), consists of cobble and boulder conglomerate intercalated with massive siltstone lenses, which formed as proximal alluvial fan and aeolian deposits. Neogene red beds passing upward into upward-coarsening conglomerate and debris-flow deposits record the change in palaeoslope related to uplift of the northern margin of Tibetan Plateau.

The formation of aeolian dunes at
c
. 8 Ma, and underlying playa lake deposits (as at Aertashi), may indicate an arid, enclosed basin in the southern Tarim after this time. Sedimentological characteristics, together with grain size distribution and geochemistry of siltstone bands in the Xiyu and Artux Formations, point to an aeolian origin. This indicates that the Taklimakan Desert and the regional climate regime may have been fully developed by the Early Pliocene. The onset of aeolian sedimentation in the southern Tarim Basin coincided with uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau, as inferred from the lithofacies change. Tibetan Plateau uplift resulted in the shift of sedimentary environments northwards into the southern Tarim Basin, and could well have triggered the onset of full aridity in the Taklimakan region as a whole.
Non-stationary response of Plio-Pleistocene East Asian winter monsoon variation to ice volume forcing
Authors: Sun Youbin , An Zhisheng , Clemens Steven C.
Published: August 2010

Recent progress both in studies of Chinese loess and deep-sea sediments have provided robust and longer records of winter monsoon variation and ice volume change back to the Late Miocene. However, when and how the winter monsoon became coupled with global ice volume change remains uncertain. Here we compare quartz grain size (a reliable winter monsoon proxy) generated from two loess-palaeosol and red clay sequences with a stacked benthic δ
18
O record (a global ice volume proxy). Our results indicate that at longer (>500 ka) timescales, the winter monsoon became strongly coupled with global ice volume change at 2.1 Ma, while at orbital timescales the winter monsoon variations started to be influenced by global ice volume change at
c
. 3.3 Ma. Correlation coefficients between these two records further indicate that winter monsoon intensity was strongly coupled with global ice volume change during intervals of 0–1.1 Ma, 1.4–1.8 Ma, and 2–2.85 Ma. In spite of these close connections amplitude mismatches between these two records are evident in terms of both long-term trend and glacial–interglacial fluctuations, suggesting that additional processes might have played a role in modulating the response of the winter monsoon variation to ice volume forcing.
Radiometric dating of the late Quaternary summer monsoon on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Stevens T. , Lu H.
Published: August 2010

Recent advances in radiometric dating have enabled independent investigation into monsoon variations. In this study, summer monsoon pedogenesis proxies (CaCO
3
and magnetic susceptibility) have been analysed by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age for five loess-palaeosol sections over the Chinese Loess Plateau. The use of CaCO
3
is complicated by the multiple influences on its variation. However, changes in magnetic susceptibility can be used as a proxy for summer monsoon induced pedogenesis. The data suggest that the summer monsoon in north-central China is not prone to high frequency shifts, although abrupt transitions occur. The overall patterns show general decreasing trends from
c
. 50 to 18 ka. However, between 9 and 6 ka, magnetic susceptibility increases abruptly and dramatically at the sites. These findings suggest that the Holocene ‘optimum’ in the region may be a more recent phenomenon than previously suggested, and that this summer monsoon intensity increase significantly post-dates the insolation peak occurring at 11.5 ka. An apparent close correspondence to ice volume is suggested to be a consequence of forcing via atmospheric circulation. Independently dated records that employ high sampling resolution can be used to test this hypothesis, together with suggestions over the apparent lag between insolation forcing and monsoon response.
A Production Model for Deteriorating Inventory Items with Production Disruptions
Authors: He Yong , He Ju
Published: August 2010

Disruption management has recently become an active area of research. In this study, an extension is made to consider the fact that some products may deteriorate during storage. A production‐inventory model for deteriorating items with production disruptions is developed. Then the optimal production and inventory plans are provided, so that the manufacturer can reduce the loss caused by disruptions. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the model.
Computational Study on Effect of Synthetic Jet Design Parameters
Authors: Okada Koichi , Oyama Akira , Fujii Kozo , Miyaji Koji
Published: August 2010

Effects of amplitude and frequency of synthetic jet on the characteristics of induced jet are investigated. To estimate effects of the parameters, flow inside the synthetic jet cavity and orifice and the outer flow is simultaneously simulated using large-eddy simulation (LES). Comparison of the present LES result with the experimental data shows that three-dimensional LES of the flow inside the cavity is essential for accurate estimation of the velocity and velocity fluctuation of the synthetic jet. Comparison of the present results under various flow conditions shows that amplitude and frequency can control profiles of time-averaged vertical velocity and fluctuation of the vertical velocity as well as damping rate of the induced velocity and fluctuation.
A Neural-Wavelet Technique for Damage Identification in the ASCE Benchmark Structure Using Phase II Experimental Data
Authors: Reda Taha Mahmoud M.
Published: August 2010

Damage pattern recognition research represents one of the most challenging tasks in structural health monitoring (SHM). The vagueness in defining damage and the significant overlap between damage states contribute to the challenges associated with proper damage classification. Uncertainties in the damage features and how they propagate during the damage detection process also contribute to uncertainties in SHM. This paper introduces an integrated method for damage feature extraction and damage recognition. We describe a robust damage detection method that is based on using artificial neural network (ANN) to compute the wavelet energy of acceleration signals acquired from the structure. We suggest using the wavelet energy as a damage feature to classify damage states in structures. A case study is presented that shows the ability of the proposed method to detect and pattern damage using the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCEs) benchmark structure. It is suggested that an optimal ANN architecture can detect damage occurrence with good accuracy and can provide damage quantification with reasonable accuracy to varying levels of damage.
Contrast‐Enhanced Dynamic MR Imaging of Uterine Fibroids as a Potential Predictor of Patient Eligibility for MR Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) Treatment for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Yoon Sang-Wook , Lee Chan , Kim Kyoung Ah , Kim Sang Heum
Published: August 2010

Magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a non‐invasive treatment approach for symptomatic uterine fibroids. One imaging characteristic considered in selecting patients who may benefit from MRgFUS of their uterine fibroids is the signal intensity of the fibroid compared with surrounding myometrium on T2‐weighted MR images. Previous reports suggest that hyper‐intense fibroids are less amenable to MRgFUS compared with iso‐ or hypo‐intense fibroids. In this case study, we utilized contrast‐enhanced dynamic MR imaging to further characterize the vascularity of a hyper‐intense fibroid. Based on the results of dynamic T1‐weighted contrast‐enhanced images, we assumed that the hyper‐intense appearance resulted from high fluid content rather than high vascularity and predicted that the fibroid would respond to MRgFUS. The patient underwent the MRgFUS without complication and reported significant decrease in fibroid symptoms at 3 and 12 months post‐treatment. This case suggests that pre‐treatment dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging used in conjunction with T2‐weighted imaging may improve the criteria for selecting uterine fibroids amenable to treatment with MRgFUS, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Effect of Treatment of Sprague Dawley Rats with AVE7688, Enalapril, or Candoxatril on Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Davidson Eric P. , Coppey Lawrence J. , Dake Brian , Yorek Mark A.
Published: August 2010

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of AVE7688, a drug that inhibits both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity, on neural and vascular defects caused by diet induced obesity (DIO). Rats at 12 weeks of age were fed a standard or high fat diet with or without AVE7688 for 24 weeks. DIO rats had impaired glucose tolerance and developed sensory neuropathy. Vascular relaxation to acetylcholine and calcitonin gene-related peptide was decreased in epineurial arterioles of DIO rats. Rats fed a high fat diet containing AVE7688 did not become obese and vascular and sensory nerve dysfunction and impaired glucose tolerance were improved. DIO is associated with increased expression of NEP in epineurial arterioles. NEP degrades vasoactive peptides which may explain the decrease in neurovascular function in DIO.
An Overview of the Crime of Genocide in Latin American Jurisdictions
Authors: Santalla Vargas Elizabeth
Published: August 2010

Genocide is included in most Latin American Criminal Codes that were enacted long before the adoption of the Rome Statute. Genocide's criminalization in Latin America has, to a large extent, deviated from the Genocide Convention definition with respect to the actus reus, mainly concerning the protected groups. However, the existing jurisprudence does not shed much light on the reasons or justifications for such a deviation; it is rather inconsistent in some instances. The implementation of the Rome Statute offers mixed signals as to the legal and policy trends in Latin America with regard to the scope of genocide. The fact that the codification of crimes against humanity has gained momentum with the entry into force of the Rome Statute implies an increasing need to reflect on the coherence of the domestic criminalization of core crimes.
The Codification of Crimes against Humanity in the Domestic Legislation of Latin American States
Authors: García Falconí Ramiro
Published: August 2010

In some Latin American States, genocide and crimes against humanity are now governed by constitutional law. Several countries have tried to incorporate the rules of the ICC Statute in the legal system, but others treat such crimes as common offences regulated by the Penal Code.
The Prosecution of International Crimes in Argentina
Authors: Parenti Pablo
Published: August 2010

In recent years, the Argentine courts have developed a rich case law surrounding the prosecution of international crimes. In particular, the courts have handed down judgments regarding the limits to amnesties and pardons, and the inapplicability of statutory limitations for crimes against humanity, invoking several sources of international law in the process. However, applying these international norms has caused debate about constitutional matters such as the reach of the principle of legality, the use of customary law, and whether domestic criminal norms are compatible—or could even be combined—with international criminal norms.
The Treatment of International Crimes in Chilean Jurisprudence: A Janus Face
Authors: Guzmán Dalbora José Luis
Published: August 2010

This article discusses how Chilean jurisprudence has reviewed the crimes perpetrated by the military regime that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990. Because the Chilean legislation did not have a catalogue of international crimes until 2009, the jurisprudence had to prosecute the military regime's crimes as common offences—mainly as abductions and murders. After years of resistance to accept international principles, the attitude of higher courts, especially the Supreme Court, started to change in the nineties, consistent with the consolidation of the restored democracy. This change is especially reflected in the question of the validity of the prosecution of these crimes, which were hindered by an amnesty law issued in the period of the military regime and by the statute of limitations. As the Amnesty Law is no longer applicable, today the debate focuses on the non-applicability of the statute of limitations. All this has led to rulings with hybrid content: half domestic law, half international law, a Janus face — as the author mentions — that may be dangerous for the principle of legality.
Criminal Prosecution of International Crimes: The Colombian Case
Authors: Cardona Alejandro Aponte
Published: August 2010

The criminal prosecution of international crimes in Colombia is conditioned by the chronic armed conflict that the country experiences. The incorporation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court into the internal legal system demonstrates this situation. In this context, confusion between criminal law language and human rights language has emerged, and different areas of human rights protection are being obscured. Also, the history that precedes the prosecution of homicide as an international crime is at the same time the history of the integration of the language of war with the language of law. However, Colombian criminal justice system has "humanized" international humanitarian law, and is now advancing to clearer formulas to charge the crime of homicide of a protected person in complex scenarios, such as the ones presented in the cases of extralegal executions of youth from poor neighbourhoods (the so-called "false positives").
Bilateral, wide-spread, mechanical pain sensitivity in children with frequent episodic tension-type headache suggesting impairment in central nociceptive processing
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Fernández-Mayoralas Daniel M , Ortega-Santiago Ricardo , Ambite-Quesada Silvia , Gil-Crujera Antonio , Fernández-Jaén Alberto
Published: August 2010

Introduction: The aim was to investigate bilateral, wide-spread pressure pain hyperalgesia in symptomatic (trigeminocervical) and non-symptomatic (pain-free distant) regions in children with frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH).

Methods: Twenty-five children, 6 boys and 19 girls (mean age, 8.9 ± 1.8 years) with FETTH and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy children (12 boys, 38 girls; mean age: 8.8 ± 1.7 years) were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were bilaterally assessed over temporalis muscle, upper trapezius muscle, second metacarpal and tibialis anterior muscles in a blinded design.

Results: The results showed that PPT levels were significantly decreased bilaterally over the temporalis, upper trapezius and tibialis muscles, and the second metacarpal in children with FETTH as compared to controls (all sites, P < 0.001). No significant differences in the magnitude of PPT decrease between the upper trapezius muscle, second metacarpal and tibialis anterior muscles were found. PPT over both upper trapezius muscles were negatively correlated with the history and intensity of headache (rs = −0.415; P = 0.045).

Conclusions: The findings revealed bilateral, wide-spread pressure pain hypersensitivity in children with FETTH suggesting that wide-spread central sensitisation is involved in children with this headache pain condition.
Emotional Intelligence and Trust in Formal Mentoring Programs
Authors: Jae Uk Chun  , Litzky Barrie E. , Sosik John J. , Bechtold Diane C. , Godshalk Veronica M.
Published: August 2010

This study examined the roles of mentors’ and protégés’ emotional intelligence and protégés’ trust in the mentors in formal mentoring relationships. Using reports from both mentors and protégés in 147 formal mentoring dyads, results of partial least squares analysis indicated that mentors’ emotional intelligence directly and indirectly related to mentoring provided through protégés’ trust in the mentors, whereas protégés’ emotional intelligence was only indirectly associated with the mentoring provided through their trust in the mentors. A complementary interaction effect of mentors’ and protégés’ emotional intelligence on protégés’ trust in the mentors was also found. Finally, mentoring provided was positively associated with protégés’ willingness to mentor others in the future. Implications regarding mentor— protégé matching and development for effective formal mentoring programs and future theory development are discussed.
Organizational Cultural Intelligence: Dynamic Capability Perspective
Authors: Moon Taewon
Published: August 2010

This study introduces the conceptual foundations of cultural intelligence (CQ) at the organizational level and elaborates on its three factors: process, position, and path capability. Drawing on Early and Ang’s individual level of CQ conceptualization and Teece et al.’s dynamic capability framework, the proposed organizational CQ theory suggests how micro theories of cultural intelligence can be relevant to the macro theories of organizational CQ. In addition, this study also proposes a nomological network for organizational CQ models that sheds light on the role of organizational CQ and the underlying mechanism of the relationship between organizational CQ and organizational performance as well as intermediate performance outcomes (international performance).
Male Sexual Assault and Rape: Who Seeks Counseling?
Authors: Monk-Turner Elizabeth , Light David
Published: August 2010

This work rests on responses from 219 male sexual assault and rape victims who self-reported their victimization in the 1994-1996 Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women and Men in the United States survey . The authors expected that men who reported being severely assaulted would be more likely than others to seek counseling. They defined severely assaulted as having been penetrated, assaulted with a weapon, threatened, self-reported sustaining physical injuries, sought medical care, and/or reported the assault to the police. However, in their logistic model that explores who sought counseling, only one variable was significant. The odds of seeking counseling for men who reported being penetrated had significantly lower odds of seeking counseling all else equal.
Injuries to Officers and Suspects in Police Use-of-Force Cases: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Taylor Bruce , Woods Daniel J.
Published: August 2010

The Conducted Energy Device (CED) weapon holds the potential to reduce injuries for officers/suspects. However, the dearth of research on CEDs makes it difficult to make informed decisions about its deployment. We conducted a quasi experiment to compare 4 years of data from seven law enforcement agencies (LEAs) with CED deployment with six matched LEAs without CED deployment. Compared with non-CED sites, CED sites had lower rates of officer injuries, suspect severe injuries, and officers and suspects receiving injuries requiring medical attention. Our results suggest that CEDs can be effective in helping minimize physical struggles and resulting injuries in use-of-force cases.
Conducted Energy Device Use in Municipal Policing: Results of a National Survey on Policy and Effectiveness Assessments
Authors: Thomas Kyle J. , Collins Peter A. , Lovrich Nicholas P.
Published: August 2010

Some concern has arisen over the overly “routine” use of conducted energy devices (CEDs) and their effectiveness in achieving important policy goals such as reducing the incidence of lethal force. These concerns directly call into question the departmental policy surrounding these devices. Using a large, national sample of chief executive officers of municipal law enforcement agencies (N = 210), the analyses reported here (a) describe the current state of CED policy, including placement on the use of force continuum; (b) assess departmental perceptions of the effectiveness of CEDs in reducing the incidence of lethal force; and (c) examine how variations in CED policy is related to a number of use of force outcomes. Findings suggest that 56% of departments surveyed reported that CEDs reduced the need to use lethal force. Moreover, regression analyses indicate that higher placement of CEDs on the use of force continuum is related to both fewer CED deployments and, although not significantly, also to reported reductions in the use of lethal force. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
Perspective-taking as an organizational capability
Authors: Litchfield Robert C. , Gentry Richard J.
Published: August 2010

This article proposes perspective-taking as an organizational capability to facilitate the knowledge integration that is widely posited as crucial to organizational learning and innovation. Building on psychological research at the individual level, the article examines how perspective-taking might be scaled to an organizational capability that can vary in strength and character. The article discusses how individual-level antecedents can be shaped to produce perspective-taking at the organizational level, and shows how perspective-taking capability might be a useful concept for strategic management by examining how it adds to absorptive capacity and ambidexterity research.
An Interview with Shi Tou
Authors: Liu Petrus , Rofel Lisa
Published: August 2010

In this interview, Shi Tou recounts her experience as a queer artist and activist in Beijing. She explains her view of the relationship between queer politics and art, how Chinese critics have received her works, and how globalization has shaped her art.
The Traffic in Money Boys
Authors: Rofel Lisa
Published: August 2010

This essay addresses the anxiety that many urban gay men in China express about “money boys”—a term used in English to refer to male sex workers who have sex with other men for money. The essay argues that money boys are a pressing issue for Chinese gay men because homophobia and dilemmas about the proper ways to challenge it are framed by the tremendous transformations, often called neoliberalism, that have occurred in China over the last twenty-five years and by the recent mobilization of Chinese national and cultural identity that creates tensions for gay men about desire and about cultural citizenship, or belonging. The essay further analyzes a recent experimental film by Cui Zi'en about money boys that challenges homonormativity in China.
“I Am AIDS”: Living with HIV/AIDS in China
Authors: He Xiaopei , Rofel Lisa
Published: August 2010

This essay addresses how and why people in China create an identity out of their medical status of having HIV/AIDS. The essay argues that contrary to the idea that “coming out” as HIV-positive might be liberating, the experience of being “pushed out” by many people who are HIV-positive is the result of a form of pastoral care, or governmentality, on the part of medical and health experts as well as the media. Language use is central to this experience. In response to the positive use of coming out language by experts, those living with HIV/AIDS have challenged this positivity through a negative language of critique, or a “reverse discourse.” The essay concludes that those who are HIV-positive manage, to some extent, to turn language back on the power that constructs their identity for them.
Covalent Attachment of Organic Groups onto Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes via Copper(I)-promoted Radical Addition
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Xu Chunhua , Xu Yaomin
Published: August 2010

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) via atom-transfer radical addition in the presence of copper(I/II) redox systems allows for covalent attachment of a variety of different groups such as carboxylate and aryl. Modified SWNTs were characterized by ATR-IR, TG-MS, as well as Raman spectra, clearly indicating the formation of covalent bonding between organic groups and nanotubes.
Synthetic Studies on the Natural Multidrug Resistance Modulator, Irciniasulfonic Acid B
Authors: Emura Chisato , Higuchi Ryuichi , Miyamoto Tomofumi
Published: August 2010

Synthetic studies on the natural multidrug resistance (MDR) modulator irciniasulfonic acid (ISA)-B utilizing cross metathesis and the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination is described. The key intermediate, 7-hydroxy-2-nonanone was optically resolved using a cyclopenta[b]furan derivative (ALBO-V).
Reversible Aggregation and Deaggregation of Helicene-grafted Chiral Silica Nanoparticles Induced by Aromatic Solvents
Authors: An Zengjian , Yasui Yoshizumi , Togashi Takanari , Adschiri Tadafumi , Hitosugi Shunpei , Isobe Hiroyuki , Higuchi Takeshi , Shimomura Masatsugu , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: August 2010

Silica nanoparticles with sizes of 210 and 440 nm were grafted with (P)- or (M)-1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrenes by silane coupling with helicenamidated (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The chiral nanoparticles deaggregated and aggregated with sonication in soft and hard aromatic solvents.
PEGylated Polymer Micelle-based Nitric Oxide (NO) Photodonor with NO-mediated Antitumor Activity
Authors: Kanayama Naoki , Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Nagasaki Yukio
Published: August 2010

PEGylated polymer micelles containing 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl units within the core moiety were prepared, and their phototriggered nitric oxide (NO)-generating ability was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping and the Griess method. These micelles were found to be capable of delivering exogenous NO into tumor cells in a photocontrolled manner and showed an NO-mediated antitumor effect, indicating the usability of this molecular system in NO-based tumor therapy.
Against amnesia: representations of memory in Algerian cinema
Authors: Austin Guy
Published: August 2010

Remembering and forgetting in their most extreme forms are crucial factors in the negotiation of a modern Algerian national identity. Algeria's history since gaining independence from French rule in 1962 has made questions of memory particularly acute. This article explores how the
Algerian cinema of the last twenty years or so has attempted to counter official history working against both enforced amnesia and a state-sanctioned monolithic memory fixated on the liberation struggle to celebrate the transmission of corporeal gendered memory, of marginalized cultural identities,
and of neglected historical origins. In the context of October 1988 and the so-called civil war of the 1990s, close readings are offered of films by Merzak Allouache, Mohamed Chouikh, Nadir Mokneche, Amor Hakkar and Tariq Teguia. Theoretical underpinning comes from readings of Fanon, Freud,
cultural history and trauma theory.
The Rwandan genocide and the bestiality of representation in 100 Days (2001) and Shooting Dogs (2005)
Authors: Cieplak Piotr A
Published: August 2010

The 1994 Rwandan genocide has been a subject of filmic representation in and outside Africa. This article examines two examples of this portrayal and attempts to put them in the context of western perception of African conflict and suffering and its depiction in feature-length fictionalized
films. A close analysis of 100 Days (Nick Hughes, UK/Rwanda) and Shooting Dogs (Michael Caton-Jones, UK/Germany), accompanied by cited interviews with their directors, aims to examine the mechanism of the representation of otherness in a situation when the term others is not
a straightforward antonym to us. The argument revolves around the idea that others are always a group defined by a common characteristic (the colour of their skin, cultural identity or suffering), while us consists of individuals whose major qualifying feature is the fact that he or she is,
individually and collectively, not like others. Special attention is paid to the difference between formal and character-based othering, as well as to the films' adhesion to western cinematic genres. The consideration is contextualized by the concept of the bestiality of representation, which
becomes a manner of positioning an event within a socio-historical and individually cognitive context and determining the dynamic among the experience lived, the experience seen and objectivity. Lastly, the article looks at how the circumstances of the production process directly influence
the stylistic and aesthetic choices made in films about the Rwandan genocide. In this, it relies on the examination of the trichotomy of politics, representation and the politics of representation.
Reviews
Authors: Voeltz Richard A
Published: August 2010

From The Kalahari to Bruce Lee: The Gods must be Crazy I & II, The Hong Kong Sequels and the Globalization of the Bushman
Cannibalism in maternity colonies of the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis
Authors: Łupicki Dariusz , Cichocki Jan , Szkudlarek Rafał , Ważna Agnieszka
Published: August 2010

No abstract available
Seasonal habitat use by greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in Changbai Mountain temperate forest, Northeast China
Authors: Wang Jing , Kanwal Jagmeet , Zhang Chunli , Jiang Tinglei , Lu Guanjun , Feng Jiang
Published: August 2010

We performed acoustic surveys at 78 sites around one bat colony to examine seasonal patterns of habitat use by greater horseshoe bats. Insect abundance and temperature were determined in each season. Bat diets were assessed by analysing faecal composition. Greater horseshoe bats tended to forage in mixed broadleaved and mixed broadleaved and coniferous woodland and were rarely found foraging in coniferous woodland. Bat activity in mixed broadleaved woodland and woodland glades significantly decreased from June to September. There were significant seasonal differences in the frequency of utilization of different habitats. Distance from the day roost had significant effects on bat activity only in June and July. The diet of greater horseshoe bats was clearly dominated by Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, with some variations with seasons. The seasonal variation of habitat use by greater horseshoe bats probably depended on resource availability that fluctuates over space and time. These results have important implications for the conservation of this bat species. Cluttered broadleaved woodland and mixed broadleaved woodland constitute an important target for conservation. Instead of reforestation with the non-native pure coniferous woodland, planting and maintaining broadleaved forests or mixed forests should be encouraged.
Alarm signaling in a facultatively social mammal, the southern Amazon red squirrel Sciurus spadiceus
Authors: Eason Perri
Published: August 2010

No abstract available
A preliminary investigation of Sundarbans tiger morphology
Authors: Barlow Adam C.D. , Mazák Ji , Ahmad Ishtiaq U. , Smith James L.D.
Published: August 2010

No abstract available
Insulation Draws Water
Authors: Rose William B.
Published: August 2010

In the late 1930s, an architect and two researchers created a version of hygrothermal building science for the United States that focused on moisture conditions in exterior materials during cold weather. The version they created was partial, and it was biased: It highlighted the importance of vapor transport, while it obscured the importance of temperature impact. They based their argument on the prevention of “condensation,” yet they failed to provide a definition of condensation sufficient for use as a performance measure or criterion. They produced prescriptive recommendations that later became code requirements, and these prescriptions embodied the incomplete and biased nature of their analysis. They supported their argument with a flawed and misleading analogy. They and their followers left a legacy of consumer fear of ill-defined moisture effects in buildings and of designers assigning excessive importance to prescriptive measures. Their version provides inadequate preparation for the anticipated re-insulation of millions of U.S. buildings in the years to come. This paper will provide a short description of the hygrothermal issues involved. It will trace the development of the condensation version by Rogers, Teesdale, and Rowley and the efforts that followed up to 1952. It will explain the legacy and impact of this approach related to existing building re-insulation and professional practice in design and architecture. It will propose a framework for reviewing the link between moisture control prescriptive requirements and performance outcomes.
Relationships Between the Gonial Angle and Mandibular Ramus Morphology in Dentate Subjects: A Panoramic Radiophotometric Study
Authors: Ogawa Takahiro , Osato Shigeo , Shishido Yuichi , DDS Michio Okada. , Misaki Kimiharu
Published: August 2010

Analysis of dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) is an indispensable diagnostic tool for dental implants both pre and post operation. Many studies on linear and angular morphometry of the mandibular body have been conducted, but those on the mandibular ramus have not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the morphometric parameters of the mandibular ramus between high and low gonial angles (GAs) on DPRs as well as between genders, and to determine the relationships between GA and variables of the mandibular ramus morphometry. The DPRs of 156 dentate subjects (78 for each gender) with more than 15 teeth present, a mean age of 49.54 years, and a mean number of teeth of 26.20 were examined. The films were divided into the following 2 groups of GA: less than 120° (low gonial angle, LGA) and more than 125° (high gonial angle, HGA) in both the right and left sides. The parameters for Ar′-Go, MaF-Go, RW, and RD in the LGA group were significantly larger than those in the HGA group in both men and women, but that for the ramus angle (RA) was significantly smaller in the LGA group than in the HGA group. Significant gender differences in the 2 GA groups were recognized with respect to the Ar′-Go, MaF-Go, RW, and RD parameters. Significant negative low and moderate correlations were found between GA and the Ar′-Go, MaF-Go, RW, and RD variables, whereas significant positive low correlation was found between GA and the RA variable. Within the limits of this study, the analysis of the mandibular ramus morphometry on DPRs in terms of GA size and gender was found to be useful for devising a highly predictive and strategic plan for implant-supported oral rehabilitation.
Immediate Implant Placement Into Infected Sites: Bacterial Studies of the Hydroacoustic Effects of the YSGG Laser
Authors: Kusek Edward R
Published: August 2010

This article describes the use of an erbium laser to use photoacoustics to reduce the bacteria in osteotomy sites that were infected by apical pathology. The author shows reduced bacterial counts by performing bacterial cultures following laser treatment. Swabs were taken after the extraction of the tooth and then after the laser was placed into the osteotomy site. The results showed a noticeable reduction of bacteria and no traces of virulent bacteria.
Marginal Bone Loss Around Implants Supporting Fixed Restorations
Authors: Mumcu Emre , Bilhan Hakan , Cekici Ali
Published: August 2010

A key criterion of success following dental implants is the marginal bone level. Long-term clinical and radiographic evaluation is necessary to test the results of in vitro studies investigating how cantilevering of restorations or implant size affect bone level changes around implants. There is no consensus on the effect of several variables such as age, gender, implant size, and cantilever prostheses on marginal bone levels around fixed dentures supported by dental implants. Patients who received cemented, fixed restorations supported by implants and who were examined in routine recall sessions 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after loading were included in the study group. Comparative bone level measurements were obtained from images of radiographs at ×20 magnification using the CorelDraw 11.0 software program. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test and 1-way analysis of variance. In the 36-month observation period, there were no incidences of implant failure, excessive bone loss around implants, or peri-implant inflammation. One hundred twenty-six implants in 36 patients were evaluated, and the effect of several factors on marginal bone loss (MBL) during the 36 months after loading was analyzed statistically. There was no significant relationship between MBL and implant length or diameter, whereas age, gender, and cantilevers affected bone loss rates. MBL was elevated in older and female patients as well as in patients who received cantilevers. In cases of limiting anatomic conditions, short and/or narrow implants should be preferred over cantilever extensions.
Soft sensor for better control of carbon dioxide removal process in ethylene glycol plant
Authors: Khalfe Nadeem , Lahiri Kumar , Sawke Kumar
Published: August 2010

Low Carbon-dioxide in cycle gas loop of Ethylene Glycol (EG) plant improves catalyst selectivity and overall economics of the plant. Carbon-dioxide produced as a bi-product in ethylene oxide reactor is removed by Benfield process. In this process the carbonate and bicarbonate ratio in lean carbonate solution is considered as an important quality control (QC) variable as the efficiency of carbon-dioxide removal is largely depends on it. In the event of a process malfunction or operating under suboptimal condition, the CO2 content in cycle gas loop will continue to rise until corrective action is taken after obtaining lab results for carbonate and bicarbonate ratio. This time consuming sampling process can be overcome by implementing a technological solution in form of an accurate and robust mathematical model capable of real time QC variable prediction. For well understood processes, the structure of the correlation for QC variables as well as the choice of the inputs may be well known in advance. However, Benfield process is too complex and the appropriate form of the correlation and choice of input variables are not obvious. Here, the processes knowledge, operating experience and statistical methods were applied in developing the soft sensor. This paper describes a systematic approach to the development of inferential measurements of carbonate and bicarbonate ratio using Support Vector Regression (SVR) analysis. Given historical process data, a simple SVR-based soft sensor model is found capable of identifying and capturing the cause and effect relationship between operating variables (model inputs) and QC variables (model outputs). Special care was taken to choose input variables, so that the final correlation and regression coefficient make senses from process engineering point of view. The developed soft sensor is implemented in commercial ethylene glycol plant in an Exaquantum interface and found satisfactorily predicting the carbonate and bicarbonate ratio in real time.
Evaluation of radiographic and genetic aspects of hereditary subluxation of the radial head in Bouviers des Flandres
Authors: Temwichitr Jedee , Leegwater Peter A. J. , Auriemma Edoardo , van't Veld Esther M. , Zijlstra Carla , Voorhout George , Hazewinkel Herman A. W.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To study radiographic and genetic aspects of hereditary radial head subluxation in Bouviers des Flandres.

Animals—26 related Bouviers des Flandres affected with bilateral subluxation of the radial head, 10 unaffected related dogs, and 29 unrelated Bouviers des Flandres with diagnoses of nonskeletal diseases.

Procedures—All dogs were radiographically studied, and their DNA was analyzed with a genome-wide screen of 1,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, karyotyping was performed in an unaffected dam and its affected offspring.

Results—Both forelimbs of affected dogs were disproportionately short with caudolateral subluxation or luxation of the radial head. Angulation of the radial axis at the mid-diaphysis ranged from 9.3° to 30.3° (mean ± SD, 14.9 ± 6.1°), with an estimated age of onset from 0 to 4 months. Poorly defined medial coronoid processes and osteoarthritis of the elbow joint, cranial bowing of the olecranon, and disturbed growth in length of the ulna with sharply demarcated spurs were noticed on radiographs of affected dogs. Genealogical analysis indicated that most affected dogs were closely related, but the mode of inheritance was not clear. The DNA analysis found that 205 single nucleotide polymorphisms were monomorphic in the affected dogs. Conventional chromosome staining revealed no numerical chromosomal aberration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Congenital radial head luxation and subluxation in the studied Bouviers des Flandres were characterized by angulation of the radial axis leading to caudolateral subluxation of the radial head and insufficient growth of the distal portion of the ulna together with cranial bowing of the olecranon.