bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die polnische Umweltbewegung – Strategien eines marginalisierten Akteurs
Authors: Łoś Iwo
Published: December 2020

Trotz beträchtlicher Umweltprobleme und ökologischer Herausforderungen ist die Umweltbewegung in Polen noch immer marginalisiert. Nach der politischen Wende von 1989 musste sie sich ohne breiten Rückhalt in der Bevölkerung dem dominierenden Modernisierungsdiskurs widersetzen. Der erste landesweite Protest nach dem EU-Beitritt Polens richtete sich gegen ein Straßenbauvorhaben im Rospuda-Tal und trug zur Vertiefung der wahrgenommenen Kluft zwischen ökologischen und sozialen Forderungen bei. Die Analyse basiert auf teilnehmenden Beobachtungen und Interviews, die mit Umweltaktivist*innen in Polen geführt wurden.
Radikale Konformität und konforme Radikalität? Fridays for Future und Ende Gelände
Authors: Ruser Alexander
Published: December 2020

Seit dem ersten „skolestreik for klimaet“ im Jahr 2018 hat sich die Fridays for Future-Bewegung zu einem globalen, medial beachteten Phänomen entwickelt. Gleichzeitig finden spektakuläre Aktionen wie die Besetzung des Hambacher Forsts durch Umweltaktivist*innen eine breite Öffentlichkeit. Die mediale und politische Aufmerksamkeit, welche neuen Umweltbewegungen zu Teil wird, erweckt nicht nur den Eindruck einer neuen Dringlichkeit klimapolitischer Fragen, sondern auch einer neuen Radikalität von Umweltaktivismus. In diesem Beitrag soll untersucht werden, inwiefern die Zuschreibung von Radikalität zutreffend ist.
Fertility preservation in women with early ovarian cancer
Authors: Necula Daniel , Istrate Daria , Mathis Jérôme
Published: December 2020

Fertility preservation is an important option to consider for young women with low-grade early ovarian cancer. Fertility-sparing surgery (“FSS”) permits the conservation of the uterus and one of the ovaries. This technique is considered safe for stages IA G1, G2 and probably safe for IC G1 epithelial and non-epithelial ovarian cancers. There are still uncertainties and FSS is not fully accepted for stage IC G1, G2 and clear cell carcinoma. The difficulty in choosing the best option lies in the fact that there is a lack of prospective randomized studies, due to ethical and organizational issues. Retrospective studies and reviews showed reassuring results for FSS in terms of relapse and long term survival. The spontaneous pregnancy rate seems to decrease after FSS, but chemotherapy does not seem to have an impact on fertility rates. Compared with the general population, assisted reproductive techniques are considered safe and with similar fertility results.
Comparison between Iberet Folic® and Zincofer® in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Abu Muhammad Azrai , Borhan Azniza Suriati , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir , Ahmad Mohd Faizal , Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To compare the effect of Iberet Folic® and Zincofer® on haemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin level; and its adverse effect.

Methods

This randomised controlled trial conducted from January 2018 until December 2018. Pregnant women below 34 weeks of gestation, with Hb concentration less than 11 g/dL and serum ferritin level less than 12 ug/L were randomised to receive either one tablet Zincofer® or one tablet Iberet Folate® daily for four weeks. Both groups were compared in terms of effect on Hb level, serum ferritin level, and other haematological indices adverse effect related to treatment, and treatment cost.

Results

Hundred and thirty patients were recruited in this study with 68 patients in Iberet Folic group and 62 patients in Zincofer group. The change in the Hb and serum ferritin level from baseline to day 30 did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The mean (±SD) change from baseline to day 30 was 2.15 (±0.59) g/dL in the Iberet Folic group, and 1.98 (±0.49) in the Zincofer (p value = 0.08). Mean serum ferritin at day 30 was 17.2 (±3.68) ug/L and 16.7 (±4.28) ug/L with 8.44 (±3.41) and 8.55 (±3.50) difference, respectively (p = 0.86). Adverse events were comparable in between groups, with p value >0.05. GI intolerance and constipation were among the common side effects, occurred in 34.6 and 29.2% cases, respectively.

Conclusions

Zincofer® offers equivalent efficacy and side effect profile in comparison with Iberet Folic® for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy, but with lower cost.
Outcomes of surgical and/or medical treatment in patients with prolactinomas during long-term follow-up: a retrospective single-centre study
Authors: Akkus Gamze , Karagun Barış , Yaldız Hilal Nur , Evran Mehtap , Sert Murat , Tetiker Tamer
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Prolactinoma is the most common cause of pituitary tumours. Current medical guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine) as the initial therapy for prolactinoma. However, surgical removal can also be considered in selected cases, such as patients with macroadenomas with local complications (bleeding or optic chiasm pressure) or those not responding to medical treatment.

Methods

The present retrospective study included patients with prolactinomas (n=43; female, 24; male, 19) who were primarily managed with medical (n=32) or surgical (n=11) treatment.

Results

Macroadenoma (n=29.67%) was commonly detected in both genders (female, 54%; male, 84%). Moreover, the mean pre-treatment prolactin levels were similar in both genders (female, 683.3 ± 1347 ng/mL; male, 685.4 ± 805 ng/mL; p=0.226). Surgically treated patients had a greater reduction in tumour size (27.7 ± 17.9 mm pre-treatment vs. 8.72 ± 14.2 mm post-treatment) than non-surgically treated ones (12.5 ± 7.5 mm pre-treatment vs. 4.1 ± 4.2 mm post-treatment; p=0.00). However, the decrease in prolactin levels was similar between the two patient groups (p=0.108). During the follow-up period (10.6 ± 7.0 years), the average cabergoline dose of the patients was 1.42 ± 1.47 mcg/week.

Conclusions

Although a surgical approach was considered for selected cases of prolactinoma, the average dose used for medical treatment was highly inadequate for the patients in the present study.
Apolipoprotein C-II and C-III preferably transfer to both high-density lipoprotein (HDL)2 and the larger HDL3 from very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
Authors: Yamazaki Azusa , Ohkawa Ryunosuke , Yamagata Yuka , Horiuchi Yuna , Lai Shao-Jui , Kameda Takahiro , Ichimura Naoya , Tohda Shuji , Tozuka Minoru
Published: December 2020

Triglyceride hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), regulated by apolipoproteins C-II (apoC-II) and C-III (apoC-III), is essential for maintaining normal lipid homeostasis. During triglyceride lipolysis, the apoCs are known to be transferred from very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but the detailed mechanisms of this transfer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the extent of the apoC transfers and their distribution in HDL subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3. Each HDL subfraction was incubated with VLDL or biotin-labeled VLDL, and apolipoproteins and lipids in the re-isolated HDL were quantified using western blotting and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In consequence, incubation with VLDL showed the increase of net amount of apoC-II and apoC-III in the HDL. HPLC analysis revealed that the biotin-labeled apolipoproteins, including apoCs and apolipoprotein E, were preferably transferred to the larger HDL3. No effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor on the apoC transfers was observed. Quantification of apoCs levels in HDL2 and HDL3 from healthy subjects (n = 8) showed large individual differences between apoC-II and apoC-III levels. These results suggest that both apoC-II and apoC-III transfer disproportionately from VLDL to HDL2 and the larger HDL3, and these transfers might be involved in individual triglyceride metabolism.
The semiotic puzzle: Authentic languages & international law
Authors: Chapdelaine-Feliciati Clara
Published: December 2020

The principle of the equal authority of authentic languages enshrined in theVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties(1969) has created significant debates in the interpretation of multilingual treaties. In this context, the present article explores the complex ramifications of the legal translation of human rights treaty provisions and the “translatability” and transposition of legal concepts into other linguistic frameworks. It considers whether a semiotic analysis of the content of UN international human rights treaties conducted in a single authentic language, English or French, has araison d’être, in light of Victoria Welby’sThreefold Laws of Meaning. The article further assesses whether theSenseandSignificanceof treaty provisions will differ in distinct languages. It begins by examining the important role attributed to English and French at the international level. Secondly, it studies the problem of the variations between the meaning(s) of provisions enshrining rights in two or more authentic languages, namely Arabic, English, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish, and which interpretation should prevail under the Vienna Convention.For this purpose, it considers problems that arise expressly in English and French by conducting a comparative study of these languages with the Spanish and Chinese texts of theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(1966).
Assessing baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes of social determinants of health after a health equity simulation
Authors: Phan Quyen , Johnson Naomi , Hillman JoAnna , Geller Daniel , Kimble Laura P. , Swan Beth Ann
Published: December 2020

Objective

For nursing students, competency in population health management involves acquiring knowledge and forming attitudes about the impact of the social determinants of health (SDoH) on health equity. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes about the SDoH and health equity following a focused simulation activity.

Method

Baccalaureate nursing students (N=182) participated in a ninety-minute health equity simulation and a post-simulation debrief. Forty-four students (23%) completed a 19-item post-simulation survey.

Results

Sixty-four percent of participants reported positive attitude change in working with marginalized populations caused by the SDoH, and 89% reported being knowledgeable about the role of the registered nurse in addressing health equity. Seventy-five percent reported enhanced knowledge of the SDoH through the health equity simulation.

Conclusion

Using health equity simulation may be effective in enhancing students’ knowledge, as well as their attitudes in caring for the health of marginalized populations by addressing the SDoH.
En(countering) Silence – Some Thoughts on Historical Justice after Memoricide
Authors: du Toit Fanie
Published: December 2020

This essay argues that public historians and transitional justice experts need one another’s input in at least two crucial tasks facing nations after episodes of mass violence. In challenging the silence that typically envelopes post-war situations, the faithful recording of lived experiences of victims after violence is both a necessity and exceedingly complex. Here, oral history initiatives can significantly assist forensic investigations to develop a fuller picture of the suffering and crimes committed, but also to turn truth-telling into a healing experience for victims who often find forensic truth-telling on its own re-traumatizing. Conversely in efforts to memorialize wars, periods of oppression and struggles of liberation, public historians will do well to take seriously the testimonies of Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and other truth-telling fora in order to ensure that any exclusionary narratives which may arise after the conflict are themselves disrupted, even as a social consensus is fostered on the need to realize all the necessary guarantees of non-recurrence to avoid a return to a bad past.
Re-imaging an Inclusive People’s History
Authors: Naidu-Silverman Ereshnee
Published: December 2020

Drawing on the meaning of memorialization with examples from South Africa, this article argues that given the racist history of the USA, the meanings and function of memorials to the past should be subverted to continue the dialogue about freedom, justice, and equality in the country.
The cross-sectional development of verb–noun collocations as constructions in L2 writing
Authors: Garner Jamie
Published: December 2020

Previous studies utilizing association measures for collocation analysis have demonstrated significant differences in second language (L2) collocation production across proficiency levels. However, the association strength measures utilized in these previous studies have neglected part of speech and grammatical information when calculating association strength between collocating words. The current study seeks to address these limitations by defining verb–noun collocations as constructions within the framework of Construction Grammar and analyzing their cross-sectional development in L2 writing. Texts from a corpus of L2 writing evenly divided into low, medium, and high proficiency levels were analyzed for verb–noun collocation frequency, diversity, and association strength using covarying collexeme analysis. Results showed that more proficient writers produced a more diverse range of verb–noun collocations that were less frequent and more positively and strongly associated. These results have clear implications for Usage-based Second Language Acquisition research, L2 collocation development research, and L2 writing pedagogy.
Exact solutions for the total variation denoising problem of piecewise constant images in dimension one
Authors: Cristoferi Riccardo
Published: December 2020

A method for obtaining the exact solution for the total variation denoising problem of piecewise constant images in dimension one is presented. The validity of the algorithm relies on some results concerning the behavior of the solution when the parameter λ in front of the fidelity term varies. Albeit some of them are well-known in the community, here they are proved with simple techniques based on qualitative geometrical properties of the solutions.
Localized optical vortex solitons in pair plasmas
Authors: Medina Luciano
Published: December 2020

The dynamics of short intense electromagnetic pulses propagating in a relativistic pair plasma is governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a new type of focusing-defocusing saturable nonlinearity. In this context, we provide an existence theory for ring-profiled optical vortex solitons. We prove the existence of both saddle point and minimum type solutions. Via a constrained minimization approach, we prove the existence of solutions where the photon number may be prescribed, and we get the nonexistence of small-photon-number solutions. We also use the constrained minimization to compute the soliton’s profile as a function of the photon number and other relevant parameters.
Curcumin exerts hepatoprotection via overexpression of Paraoxonase-1 and its regulatory genes in rats undergone bile duct ligation
Authors: Khodarahmi Ameneh , Javidmehr Davoud , Eshaghian Azam , Ghoreshi Zohreh-al-sadat , Karimollah Alireza , Yousefi Hamidreza , Moradi Ali
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Curcumin is described as an antioxidant, hepato-protective and antifibrotic in liver fibrosis, although its mechanism is still not known. One of the models of the chronic liver disease stemming from oxidative stress and the generation of free radical has been considered to be bile duct ligation (BDL). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a prominent antioxidant enzyme. Therefore, the objective of the present research is to assess the effects of curcumin on upregulation of PON1 in BDL rats.

Methods

As predicted, the rats have been divided into the four groups of Sham, Sham + Cur (curcumin), BDL and BDL + Cur. We evaluated the efficacy of curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) on protein and gene expression of PON1 and regulatory genes contributed to the gene expression PON1 such as Sp1, PKCα, SREBP-2, AhR, JNK and regulation PON1 activity gene expression of Apo A1.

Results

Curcumin attenuated alterations in liver histology, hepatic enzymes and the mRNA expression of fibrotic markers (p<0.05). In addition, curcumin increased significantly mRNA, protein expression of PON1 and mRNA of the genes that are contributed to the expression of PON1 such as Sp1, PKCα, SREBP-2, AhR, JNK and increased PON1 activity through upregulation of Apo A1 (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Cirrhosis progression may be inhibited by treatment with curcumin through the increased influence the expression and activity of PON1.
Nilpotence relations in products of groups
Authors: Francalanci Giulio
Published: December 2020

Two subgroupsAandBof a groupGare said to be𝒩{\mathcal{N}}-connected if, for allainAandbinB, the subgroup generated byaandbis a nilpotent group. In this paper, we study the structure of a groupGassuming thatG=A⁢B{G=AB}andAandBare𝒩{\mathcal{N}}-connected subgroups satisfying Max or Min.
Performance Optimization for a Multielement Thermoelectric Refrigerator with Linear Phenomenological Heat Transfer Law
Authors: Chen Lingen , Meng Fankai , Ge Yanlin , Feng Huijun
Published: December 2020

A model of a multielement thermoelectric refrigerator with another linear heat transfer law, the linear phenomenological heat transfer law

Q
∝
Δ
(
1
/
T
)

Q\propto \Delta (1/T)

, is established. The refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) are analyzed and optimized. The junction temperature solution equations are derived. The optimum electrical currents and thermal conductance allocation are discussed. The influences of thermoelectric element quantity and refrigerating temperature difference on the optimum performances and optimum electrical currents are analyzed. The results show that different optimization objectives have different requirements for the distribution of electrical current and thermal conductance. The refrigeration capacity is not proportional to the number of thermoelectric elements. It is found that the refrigerating capacity can be achieved only when the number of thermoelectric elements is matched for fixed external heat exchangers. The input electrical current and the allocation of the thermal conductance between the two heat exchangers can be optimized synchronously to achieve maximum refrigerating capacity or maximum COP. Performance is compared with that with a Newtonian heat transfer law. The influences of the Thomson effect are also examined. Performance of the refrigerator with Newtonian heat transfer law is higher than that of the refrigerator with linear phenomenological heat transfer law. The Thomson effect can improve the performance of the refrigerator.
Population-based waist circumference reference values in Japanese children (0–6 years): comparisons with Dutch, Swedish and Turkish preschool children
Authors: Inokuchi Mikako , Matsuo Nobutake , Takayama John I , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: December 2020

Background

During 1978–1981 the Japanese Standards Association conducted a national survey to collect 64 distinct body measurements for Japanese children and adults. During 1978–1981, the prevalence of childhood obesity was relatively low yet the population was well nourished in Japanese children. The aim of this study is to construct waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio reference centile curves for Japanese preschool children.

Methods

We utilized 1978–1981 national survey data on body sizes. There are 4937 boys and 4758 girls age 0–6 years for waist circumference measurements. Waist circumference was measured at the level of the umbilicus. Using LMS method, centile curves were constructed for waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio. These reference values were compared with those of Dutch, Swedish and Turkish children.

Results

Centile reference curves were made for clinical and epidemiological use. Japanese children had smaller waist circumference centile values as compared to waist circumference measured at the midpoint of the lowest rib cage and the iliac crest of Dutch, Swedish and Turkish children. However, Japanese children had comparable waist circumference to stature ratio centile values to those of Dutch and Turkish children.

Conclusions

This study presents the first age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific reference values for waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio in Japanese preschool children.
Consumption, Aggregate Wealth and Expected Stock Returns: An FCVAR Approach
Authors: Quineche Ricardo
Published: December 2020

In their seminal work, Lettau, M., and S. Ludvigson, 2001, “Consumption, Aggregate Wealth, and Expected Stock Returns.” The Journal of Finance 56 (3): 815–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00347, demonstrated that there exists a long-run relationship between consumption, asset holdings, and labor income. They denoted this relationship as cay and showed it to be quite successful in predicting the behavior of real stock returns. Their estimation procedure assumes that consumption, asset wealth, and labor income are first-order integrated (I(1), nonstationary) and that their linear combination forms a zero-order integrated (I(0), stationary) series. This paper proposes a more general framework in the estimation of the cay model by allowing both the series and the long-run equilibrium to be fractionally integrated. We use the recently developed Fractionally Cointegrated VAR (FCVAR) approach to estimate the cay model. Results show that: (i) the series are nonstationary but mean-reverting processes, (ii) there exists a long-run equilibrium between consumption, asset wealth, and labor income, (iii) this long-run relationship is a stationary fractionally integrated process, and (iv) the estimated cay using the FCVAR approach shows the same desirable forecasting properties as its predecessor.
Small mammals of a West African hotspot, the Ziama-Wonegizi-Wologizi transfrontier forest landscape
Authors: Mamba Mnqobi L. , Dalton Desire L. , Mahlaba Themb’alilahlwa A. M. , Kropff Anna S. , Monadjem Ara
Published: December 2020

The Upper Guinea rainforest zone in West Africa is considered a biodiversity hotspot and contains important habitats for threatened and endemic mammals, yet this region remains poorly known particularly for small mammals. The aim of this study was to survey small mammals in a Liberian and Guinean cross-border conservation area, the Ziama-Wonegizi-Wologizi landscape. We recorded a total of 52 small mammal species, including 26 bats, 15 rodents, 10 shrews, one otter-shrew, of which one rodent species was new to science (Colomys sp. nov.). We also documented the first country records of the bats Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae, Pseudoromicia brunnea and Pipistrellus inexspectatus from Guinea, and the shrews Crocidura douceti and Crocidura grandiceps from Liberia. Furthermore, we recorded the recently described bat Nycticeinops
happoldorum from Wologizi and Ziama, and we documented the presence of Micropotamogale lamottei at Wologizi, which represents the fourth known locality for this globally threatened species. Finally, the forests of Wologizi and Ziama support numerous threatened species. The results of our survey demonstrate the importance of this region for small mammals and support the creation of a transboundary protected area that will encompass the entire forest landscape.
Fast marching based superpixels
Authors: Chang Kaiwen , Figliuzzi Bruno
Published: December 2020

In this article, we present a fast-marching based algorithm for generating superpixel (FMS) partitions of images. The idea behind the algorithm is to draw an analogy between waves propagating in a heterogeneous medium and regions growing on an image at a rate depending on the local color and texture. The FMS algorithm is evaluated on the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset 500. It yields results in terms of boundary adherence that are slightly better than the ones obtained with similar approaches including the Simple Linear Iterative Clustering, the Eikonal-based region growing for efficient clustering and the Iterative Spanning Forest framework for superpixel segmentation algorithms. An interesting feature of the proposed algorithm is that it can take into account texture information to compute the superpixel partition. We illustrate the interest of adding texture information on a specific set of images obtained by recombining textures patches extracted from images representing stripes, originally constructed by Giraudet al.[20]. On this dataset, our approach works significantly better than color based superpixel algorithms.
Remarks on some generalization of the notion of microscopic sets
Authors: Karasińska Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

We consider properties of defined earlier families of sets which are microscopic (small) in some sense. An equivalent definition of considered families is given, which is helpful in simplifying a proof of the fact that each Lebesgue null set belongs to one of these families. It is shown that families of sets microscopic in more general sense have properties analogous to the properties of the σ-ideal of classic microscopic sets.
Computation of several Hessenberg determinants
Authors: Qi Feng , Kouba Omran , Kaddoura Issam
Published: December 2020

In the paper, employing methods and techniques in analysis and linear algebra, the authors find a simple formula for computing an interesting Hessenberg determinant whose elements are products of binomial coefficients and falling factorials, derive explicit formulas for computing some special Hessenberg and tridiagonal determinants, and alternatively and simply recover some known results.
Crystal structure of benzanthrone – a redetermination for correct molecular geometry and localization of hydrogen atoms
Authors: Manana Pholani , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: December 2020

C17H10O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.0604(12) Å, b = 14.672(3) Å, c = 14.846(3) Å, V = 1102.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0432, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1022, T = 200(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(amino(carbamothioylamino)methaniminium) 5-hydroxyisophthalate monohydrate, C12H20N8O6S2
Authors: Chen Kun , Shi Yanmei , Zhu Xin
Published: December 2020

C12H20N8O6S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.8571(11) Å, b = 7.6581(5) Å, c = 16.9166(12) Å, β = 113.334(1)°, V = 1886.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0317, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1053, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-(pyrrole-2-ylmethyleneamino)-3′,6′-dihydroxylspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one-methanol (1/1), C31H29N3O7
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wu Wei-Na , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2020

C31H29N3O7, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.6280(14) Å, b = 14.4801(15) Å, c = 14.4962(15) Å, β = 97.586(2)°, V = 2835.6(5) Å3, Z = 4 R

gt
(F) = 0.0532, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1569, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexanamide, C13H16F3NO
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: December 2020

C13H16F3NO, triclinic, P

1
‾

$‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 4.7889(4) Å, b = 11.7867(10) Å, c = 12.5323(11) Å, α = 100.762(5)°, β = 100.232(4)°, γ = 100.683(4)°, V = 666.19(10) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0531, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1760, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 4-bromo-N′-[(3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide, C14H7Br2N2O2
Authors: Xu Xindi , Tian Hui , Wang Xia , Wang Man , Wu Qiong
Published: December 2020

C14H7Br2N2O2, triclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 4.8308(2) Å, b = 6.1438(2) Å, c = 23.0836(9) Å, β = 91.0784(14)°, V = 684.99(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0477, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1108, T = 150.0 K.

CCDC No.: 2043231
Dankbarkeit und religiöser Glaube
Authors: von Sass Hartmut
Published: December 2020

Dieser Aufsatz entwickelt drei zusammenhängende Thesen: 1) Wir haben es mit zwei Konzepten der Dankbarkeit zu tun – eine Differenz, die mit der Unterscheidung zwischen ‚danken, dass x‘ (material) und ‚dankbar sein‘ oder ‚in Dankbarkeit leben‘ (modal) eingefangen wird; 2) der erste Begriff, danken, dass x oder für x, kann als ein spezieller Sprechakt charakterisiert werden, während der zweite Begriff, dankbar sein, eine tugendhafte Haltung darstellt; 3) der Vergleich zwischen säkularen und religiösen Kontexten des Dankens fördert zudem wichtige grammatische Differenzen zwischen beiden Konzepten zutage. Alle drei Thesen sind nicht voneinander getrennt, sondern artikulieren gemeinsam, dass Dankbarkeit eine bestimmte Weise unseres In-der-Welt-Seins darstellt – ohne Gott oder coram Deo.
Evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in some edible flowers
Authors: Gonçalves Fernando , Gonçalves João Carlos , Ferrão Ana Cristina , Correia Paula , Guiné Raquel P. F.
Published: December 2020

Recently, edible flowers (EF) have aroused increased interest because of their aesthetic properties as well as potential health benefits related to the occurrence of some bioactive compounds. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (AOA) (following DPPH and ABTS methods) in eleven EF. The samples were subjected to three successive extraction steps using methanol, and these extracts were then analysed for the aforementioned properties using spectrophotometric methods. The obtained extracts were used for the quantification of phenolic composition and AOA. The results indicated that, among the flowers analysed in this study, red rose, pink rose, and red carnation possessed the highest total phenolic contents (27.53, 23.30, and 18.17 mg g−1gallic acid equivalents, respectively), total anthocyanins (3.07, 1.97, and 4.47 mg g−1catechin equivalents [CE], respectively), and AOA (12.07, 15.77, and 12.93 mg g−1TE, respectively, as given by the DPPH method or 8.23, 9.27 and 8.00 mg g−1TE, respectively, as given by the ABTS method). The flowers with highest flavonoids contents were red carnation, Mexican marigold, and pink rose (17.50, 16.90, and 16.57 mg g−1CE, respectively). Cluster analysis grouped the analysed flowers into two groups, those richest in phenolics with AOA and those not so rich. Finally, some important correlations were observed between the total phenolics and the AOA. In conclusion, these flowers could represent a potential source of natural compounds with antioxidant capacity.
Colorants in plastic applications
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard
Published: December 2020

This review article is a summary of the current knowledge in the field of plastic coloring. Plastics belong as well as paints, coatings, printing inks, and cosmetic formulations to the most important application systems for colorants, both for pigments and dyes. Colorants have to meet increasing demands in plastic applications due to the growing number of polymers with specific properties. Crucial factors besides the plastic type are the processing method and the required fastness level. Among the most important polymers for coloring with pigments and dyes are polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, and elastomers. Different processing methods are used for coloring of the individual plastics. The coloring processes need to be coordinated in accordance with the steps of the plastics processing leading to the final product.
Artificial intelligence in the modeling of chemical reactions kinetics
Authors: Staszak Maciej
Published: December 2020

The work presents a selection of recent papers in the field of modeling chemical kinetics by the use of artificial intelligence methods. Due to the fact that kinetics of the chemical reaction is the key element of industrial reactor design and analysis, the work is focused on the presentation of the quality of modeling, the assembly of neural network systems and methods of training required to achieve acceptable results. The work covers a wide range of classes of chemical processes and modeling approaches presented by several authors. Because of the fact that the methods of neural networks training require huge amounts of data, many approaches proposed are intrinsically based on classical kinetics modeling like Monte Carlo methods, quantum ab initio models or classical Arrhenius-like approaches using mass balance rate equations. The work does not fully exhaust the area of artificial intelligence because of its very broad scope and very fast evolution, which has been greatly accelerated recently. However, it is a contribution to describing the current state of science in this field.
Süchtig nach immer noch mehr Arbeit – Der schmale Grat zwischen Erfüllung und Überforderung
Authors: Häseli Stefan
Published: December 2020

Nicht mehr ohne Arbeit sein können. Ein hohes Verlangen nach einer Tätigkeit entwickeln. Sich selbst etwas beweisen müssen. Und Anerkennung alleine durch den Job suchen. Das sind Merkmale von Workaholismus. Was mit Engagement und überdurchschnittlich vielen Tätigkeiten beginnt, kann in Arbeits- und Leistungssucht münden. Wer dann auch noch seinen persönlichen Wert und das Selbstwertgefühl an die eigene Arbeitsleistung knüpft, zeigt alle Anzeichen dieser Suchtform. Zwang zum Perfektionismus, Überforderung, Stress und sogar Burnout können die Folgen sein. Statt Priorisierung und Abgrenzung gibt es dann nur noch Sonderschichten und Mehrarbeit, so dass der Arbeitssüchtige in dieser Dauerschleife gefangen ist.
Preparation of magnetized iron oxide grafted on graphene oxide for hyperthermia application
Authors: Umar Ahmad Abulfathi , Abdul Patah Muhamad Fazly , Abnisa Faisal , Daud Wan Mohd Ashri Wan
Published: December 2020

Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is a highly promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of different kinds of cancers and malignant tumors. The therapy is based on the concept that; iron oxide nanoparticles deposited at cancer sites can generate heat when exposed to an alternating current magnetic field or near infrared radiation and consequently destroying only the cancer cells by exploiting their vulnerability to heat. The fact that the treatment is at molecular level and that iron oxide nanoparticles provide more guided focus heating justifies its efficacy over treatment such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the spread of MHT as the next-generation therapeutics has been shadowed by insufficient heating especially at the in vivo stage. This can be averted by modifying the iron oxide nanoparticle structure. To this end, various attempts have been made by developing a magnetic hybrid nanostructure capable of generating efficient heat. However, the synthesis method for each component (of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure) and the grafting process is now an issue. This has a direct effect on the performance of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure in MHT and other applications. The main objective of this review is to detail out the different materials, methods and characterization techniques that have been used so far in developing magnetic hybrid nanostructure. In view of this, we conducted a comprehensive review and present a road map for developing a magnetic hybrid nanostructure that is capable of generating optimum heat during MHT. We further summarize the various characterization techniques and necessary parameters to study in validating the efficiency of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure. Hopefully, this contribution will serve as a guide to researchers that are willing to evaluate the properties of their magnetic hybrid nanostructure.
The influence of hydrophobicity on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts
Authors: Okoye-Chine Chike George , Moyo Mahluli , Hildebrandt Diane
Published: December 2020

We review scientific works carried out on the influence of surface hydrophobicity on activity and product selectivity of supported cobalt and iron catalysts during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The characteristics of the surface of catalyst support may influence metal-support interactions, which leads to various degrees of metal dispersion and reducibility. Also, these support surface properties may influence the mass transfer of reactants and products at the catalyst active sites and subsequently affects the performance of the catalyst during FTS. Pre-silylated and post-silylated catalysts have been used to study the influence of surface hydrophobicity on the performance of FTS catalysts. The enhancement of FTS activity by hydrophobicity was mainly ascribed to the improved reducibility of metal oxide species. Furthermore, post-silylated supported iron catalysts favoured the suppression of water-gas shift (WGS) reaction, thereby hindering CO2 formation.
Current knowledge on urease and nitrification inhibitors technology and their safety
Authors: Ray Aishwarya , Nkwonta Chikere , Forrestal Patrick , Danaher Martin , Richards Karl , O’Callaghan Tom , Hogan Sean , Cummins Enda
Published: December 2020

Objective

Urea is one of the most widely used commercial fertilisers worldwide due to its high N density and cost effectiveness. However, it can be lost in the form of gaseous ammonia and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which can potentially lead to environmental pollution. Farmers are compelled to apply more urea to account for those losses, thereby increasing their expenditure on fertilization. The objective of this paper is to present a literature review on current knowledge regarding inhibitor technologies such as urease inhibitor; n-(N-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and nitrification inhibitor; dicyandiamide (DCD).

Methods

A thorough review of all the scientific literature was carried out and a proposed risk assessment framework developed.

Results

The study showed that the urease inhibitor NBPT significantly reduced NH3 loss from urea. However, concerns about NBPT safety to human health had been raised when the nitrification inhibitor DCD appeared as a residue in milk. This article presents a risk assessment framework for evaluating human exposure to chemicals like NBPT or DCD, following the consumption of foods of animal origin (e.g. milk) from cows grazing on inhibitor-treated pasture.

Conclusion

The EU’s target of a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 can be aided by using NBPT as part of an overall suite of solutions. A comprehensive risk assessment is advised for effective evaluation of potential risks from exposure to these inhibitors.
Semi-Lagrangian exponential time-integration method for the shallow water equations on the cubed sphere grid
Authors: Shashkin Vladimir V. , Goyman Gordey S.
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes the combination of matrix exponential method with the semi-Lagrangian approach for the time integration of shallow water equations on the sphere. The second order accuracy of the developed scheme is shown. Exponential semi-Lagrangian scheme in the combination with spatial approximation on the cubed-sphere grid is verified using the standard test problems for shallow water models. The developed scheme is as good as the conventional semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme in accuracy of slowly varying flow component reproduction and significantly better in the reproduction of the fast inertia-gravity waves. The accuracy of inertia-gravity waves reproduction is close to that of the explicit time-integration scheme. The computational efficiency of the proposed exponential semi-Lagrangian scheme is somewhat lower than the efficiency of semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme, but significantly higher than the efficiency of explicit, semi-implicit, and exponential Eulerian schemes.
Investigating the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and damping properties of ultra-high performance concrete
Authors: Zhang Wenhua , Zeng Weizhao , Zhang Yunsheng , Yang Fenghao , Wu Peipei , Xu Guodong , Gao Yueyi
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical and damping properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) were investigated. The results show that the proper amount of MWCNTs can improve mechanical properties as well as the damping properties. For the mechanical properties, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the specimens increased with the increase of MWCNTs content in the range of 0~0.05% (mass ratio to cement). However, when the content of MWCNTs was more than 0.05wt.%, the mechanical properties of UHPC could not be improved continually because too many MWCNTs were difficult to disperse and agglomerated easily in UHPC. Similar laws also have been found for the damping property of UHPC. The loss factor of UHPC increased with the increase of MWCNTs content in the range of 0 ~ 0.05%. The incorporation of MWCNTs would introduce a large number of interfaces into UHPC, the friction and slip between interfaces were the main reasons for the improvement of the damping property of UHPC. However, when the content of MWCNTs was more than 0.05%, it was difficult to disperse effectively. As a result, the overall energy consumption efficiency of MWCNTs was decreased.
Testing for random coefficient autoregressive and stochastic unit root models
Authors: Nagakura Daisuke
Published: December 2020

The random coefficient autoregressive model has been utilized for modeling financial time series because it possesses features that are often observed in financial time series. When the mean of the random coefficient is one, it is called the stochastic unit root model. This paper proposes two Lagrange multiplier tests for the null hypotheses of random coefficient autoregressive and stochastic unit root models against a more general model. We apply our Lagrange multiplier tests to several stock index data, and find that the stochastic unit root model is rejected, whereas the random coefficient autoregressive model is not. This result indicates that it is important to check the validity of the stochastic unit root model prior to applying it to financial time series data, which may be better modeled by the random coefficient autoregressive model with the mean being not equal to one.
Company Celebrations in International Firms in Bulgaria. Are We What We Celebrate?
Authors: Bolgurova Rossitsa
Published: December 2020

Workplace celebrations are a festive genre influenced by local and global socioeconomic transformations and cultural trends. This article presents a qualitative study of company celebrations in international firms in Bulgaria. Festivities, which are the object of study, are conceptualised as a medium through which identities are constructed, managed, and shared. The goal is to explore labour relations through the prism of such non-work events and trace the dynamics between the local and the international, between notions of ‘us’ and ‘them’, individual and organisational identities. The presented case studies are based on in-depth interviews with a range of stakeholders and on participant observation in celebrations organised by firms for their employees.
Praktische Reflexivität und Übersetzungsarbeit
Authors: Krinninger Dominik
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag entwirft eine praxistheoretische Perspektive auf die Erziehung in der Familie. Dies ist gerahmt von einer kritischen Perspektive auf gegenwärtige gesellschaftlich-institutionelle Zugriffe auf die Familie und geschieht im Hinblick auf ein bestehendes Desiderat in der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Theoriedebatte. Als zentrale Figuren werden einepraktische Reflexivitätund die von Familien zu leistendeÜbersetzungsarbeiteingeführt. Ersteres richtet sich auf einen reflexiven Gebrauch, den die Familienmitglieder von den im familialen Binnenraum fungierenden Praktiken machen und mit dem sie die praktische Ordnung der Familie gestalten. Letzteres greift die für Familien konstitutive Adaption gesellschaftlicher Anforderungen auf. Der Beitrag argumentiert theoretisch und im Rückgriff auf mehrere ethnografische Forschungsprojekte zur Familienerziehung.
Buddha und Pac-Man
Authors: Leuschner Hannes
Published: December 2020

Dieser Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit in zahlreichen Bereichen zunehmend umgesetzten Prozessen und den dahinterliegenden Begriffen der 'gamification' / 'Gamifizierung' auseinander, indem Unterschiede zwischen dem deutschsprachigen Begriff 'Spiel' und dem englischsprachigen Begriff 'game' produktiv gemacht werden. Im ersten Teil wird nach einer Diskussion einschlägiger theoretischer Ansätze eine heuristische Systematik in Anlehnung an Roger Caillois' Unterscheidung von paidia und ludus entworfen, durch die eine Schärfung des Gamifizierungs-Begriffs anhand einer Unterscheidung von Spiel und Game und den jeweiligen Derivaten (spielen, gamen, spielerisch, gamerisch etc.) ermöglicht wird. Die daraus generierte Arbeitsbestimmung von 'Gamifizierung' wird geprüft anhand eines im zweiten Teil gegebenen andragogischen Fallbeispiels, i.e. die aus autoethnographischer Perspektive beschriebene Teilnahme an einem zehntägigen Vipannasa-Meditationskurs in der Tradition von S.N. Goenka. Im dritten Teil werden der theoretische und ethnographische Teil zusammengeführt in Form einer Diskussion der in der goenkaschen Tradition erfolgten Gamifizierung buddhistischer Praktiken.
Families of Integral Cographs within a Triangular Array
Authors: Ching Hsin-Yun , Flórez Rigoberto , Mukherjee Antara
Published: December 2020

The determinant Hosoya triangle, is a triangular array where the entries are the determinants of two-by-two Fibonacci matrices. The determinant Hosoya triangle mod 2 gives rise to three infinite families of graphs, that are formed by complete product (join) of (the union of) two complete graphs with an empty graph. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph from these families to be integral.

Some features of these graphs are: they are integral cographs, all graphs have at most five distinct eigenvalues, all graphs are either d-regular graphs with d =2, 4, 6, . . . or almost-regular graphs, and some of them are Laplacian integral. Finally we extend some of these results to the Hosoya triangle.
Enaction Through Co-speech Gesture: The Rhetorical Handing of the Mental Timeline
Authors: Alcaraz Carrión Daniel , Pagán Cánovas Cristóbal , Valenzuela Javier
Published: December 2020

This chapter will explore theembodied,enactedandembeddednature of co-speech gestures in the meaning-making process of time conceptualization. We will review three different contextualized communicative exchanges extracted from American Television interviews. First, we will offer a step-by-step form description of the different gesture realizations performed by the speakers as well as a brief description of the gaze fixation patterns. After that, we will offer a functional analysis which will interpret the gesturing patters in terms of their communicative goals on their respective communicative contexts as well as the complex interplay between verbal and non-verbal communication. The resulting interaction between speech, gesture and other bodily movements give rise to a dynamic system that allows for the construction of highly complex meanings: time co-speech gestures play a crucial role in the simulation of virtual anchors for complex mental networks that integrate conceptual and perceptual information.
YIrIn with ZrNiAl-type structure
Authors: Gulay Nataliya L. , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: December 2020

The indide YIrIn was synthesized from the elements in a sealed tantalum ampoule in a high-frequency furnace. YIrIn adopts the ZrNiAl type. The crystal structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: P6–2m, a = 750.63(6), c = 392.04(3) pm, wR = 0.0346, 308 F
2 values and 16 variables. Refinement of the occupancy parameters revealed a small degree of Ir/In mixing (0.912(9) Ir2/0.088(9) In1) on the 2d site. The YIrIn structure contains two crystallographically independent iridium sites, both with tri-capped trigonal prismatic coordination: Ir1@In6Y3 and Ir2@In3Y6.