bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal acid impulse method for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Khabibullin M Ya , Soloviev N N , Safiullina A R , Karimova A A
Published: November 2020

The injection rate created by the equipment does not provide uniform heating of the acid solution with thermo-acid samples. The first portion of the solution overheats, and the subsequent ones turn out to be underheated. Therefore, the effectiveness of acid and thermo-acid treatment of highly drained wells with low reservoir pressure is rather low. To increase the efficiency, a method of acid and thermo-acid impulses was proposed, a methodology for its application was developed, and simple designs of the necessary underground and ground equipment for wells were developed (tip reactors and a universal wellhead). If in a well intended for thermoacid treatment by pulsation the filter or some part of it turned out to be blocked by a sand plug, then they were preliminarily cleaned with a bailer without opening the sump. Thermo-acidic (as well as acidic) well treatment by pulsation is carried out without the use of a pumping unit, which can significantly reduce costs. Thus, the most suitable acidic solution for thermoacid pulsation is 15% HCl inhibited by unicol.
Improvement of formation fluid separation efficiency
Authors: Khabibullin M Ya
Published: November 2020

Producers and researchers pay attention to the improvement of high-quality and productive separation of liquid heterogeneous systems in the oil and gas industry. To perform these operations, various designs of sedimentation tanks, separators, hydrocyclones, etc. based on gravitational and centrifugal separation of inhomogeneous masses of various densities are used. A further noticeable increase in the diameter of the rotor, for example, up to 1500 mm, is associated with the search for new design forms of separators. This is due to serious design studies and restructuring of the production base.
Improvement of the efficiency of horizontal wells
Authors: Kozikhin R A , Fattakhov I G , Kuleshova L S , Andreev V E , Safiullina A R , Gabbasov A Kh , Andaryanov I G
Published: November 2020

The research purpose is to identify factors of premature flooding of wells, assess the influence of factors, simulate and compare results obtained with field data. An analysis of the reservoir properties, design and development indicators of horizontal wells showed that only 41% of cases of premature flooding are due to geological causes (heterogeneity of rock permeability). Technological reasons (high specific samplings) occur in 36% of cases, this problem is pronounced in wells where new technologies were implemented – division of the wellbore into sections using water and oil swell packers. In 23% of cases, premature flooding is due to wellbore drilling in the water-saturated zone.
The effect of axial loading on drill string deformation
Authors: Kuleshova L S , Akhmetshina D I , Fatkullin A A , Abdulmanov A A
Published: November 2020

A practical method for calculating the axial load of a string through the load on a hook is presented and the flotation capacity of elements for different well trajectories is provided. It was found that the traditional simplified method for calculating the buoyancy factor, which is used to calculate the axial load on a string and axial tension, can only be used in vertical wells with a freely suspended pipe string, since in this state buoyancy acts only on the lower part of the string. If the string is constrained by downhole tools such as a packer or an anchor, buoyancy cannot be considered a simple weight loss. In directional wells, buoyancy changes the axial load of the string and causes shear stresses in the cross section of the string. When calculating the effect of fluid on the string, it is necessary to take into account the sequence of operations and stresses from wellhead and downhole tools.
Technological features of pumping water into high-viscosity oil injection wells with the bottom hole pump
Authors: Mingulov Sh G , Mingulov I Sh , Mukhametshin V V
Published: November 2020

The authors laid bare a correlation between the proportion of mechanical contaminations and oil products in discharge waters and the average oil viscosity in the field. Film thickness depends on the oil viscosity. More viscous oil forms thicker and heavier films on the surface of suspended solids. The use of electrical centrifugal pumps for fossil water injection into the well allows using the heat produced by the pump to warm the water. Standard measurement instruments show that the change of injected water temperature at the head of the well pump-over unit is between 1.1 and 8.4 °C. The average temperature increase is 3.6 °C.
On the influence of the amount and viscosity of oil on the content of solid particles in the water injected into the reservoir
Authors: Mingulov Sh G , Mingulov I Sh
Published: November 2020

Based on the studies carried out, a statistical dependence is obtained for calculating the amount of oil carried over by the discharged water from the viscosity of the extracted oil and the daily loading of the apparatus by liquid, and also a statistical relationship is established between the content of oil and mechanical impurities in the discharged water and the dependence of this ratio from the viscosity of oil.
Dynamics control of a drilling tool by installing a downhole hydromechanical compensator of pressure fluctuations of drilling fluid into the bottom hole assembly
Authors: Minnivaleev T N , Arslanov I G , Kuleshova L S , Minnivaleev A N
Published: November 2020

The fluctuation processes of the drilling tool and the pressure of the drilling fluid resulted from numerous factors of both downhole and wellhead nature lead to many negative consequences. The article describes the impact of non-uniformity of the pressure of the drilling fluid on the drilling process, provides an analytical study of the developed downhole hydromechanical compensator of pressure fluctuations of the drilling fluid installed into the bottom hole assembly. The authors obtained an analytical dependence of the degree of decrease in the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations of the drilling fluid in the compensator on the number of damping stages installed in it. The article describes the results of pilot tests of the compensator, indicating the reliability of the theoretical provisions and the high efficiency of the compensator.
The results of applying the method of mathematical statistics to predict technological effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Shakurova Al F , Shakurova Ay F
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the apparatus of mathematical statistics for predicting the technological effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing. The authors made an attempt to improve the methods for processing experimental data in the conditions of a small sampling. The main method used for solving this problem was the second-order regression equation in the form of a polynomial. The comparison of calculated and actual data on technological results for hydraulic fracturing based on the solution of second-order polynomial regression equations for different fields showed a high level of convergence, which allows us to conclude that the proposed methodology for constructing a regression equation in the form of a power polynomial is acceptable.
Well bottomhole cleaning device
Authors: Zaripova L M , Gabdrakhimov M S
Published: November 2020

Deterioration of bottomhole formation zone permeability is caused by mechanical pollution of porous medium, swelling of cement at its contact with water and accumulation of paraffin in low formation temperature deposits. In the process of oil production all extracted formation fluid: oil, water and gas pass through bottomhole zones of production wells and all water injected into formations – through the wellbore zone of injection wells. These processes occur at temperatures and pressures other than those at which these fluids (or gases) were originally on the surface or in the formation. As a result, different hydrocarbon components (asphalt-resin deposits) and different salts that fall out of the solutions as a result of thermodynamic equilibrium disorder can deposit in the wellbore zone, as in the filter. The choice of the impact method is based on the careful study of thermodynamic conditions and state of the wellbore zone, composition of rocks and fluids, as well as systematic study of accumulated production experience in this field.
Improved rotary union in top-drive hydraulic power packs used on drilling rigs
Authors: Suleimanov R I , Khabibullin M Ya
Published: November 2020

The paper is concerned with a top-drive hydraulic power pack used on a drilling rig. The efficiency of hydraulic power packs can be ensured through a rotary union in a hose reel. An effective circulation of working fluid in the hose reel requires an improved rotary union, which allows the flow of working fluid to be redistributed with minimal energy and additional costs. As a result, the lifetime of the system is increased and the downtime of the rig is reduced.
Degree and nature of shaft misalignments in pumping units assessed against vibration criteria
Authors: Suleymanov R N , Filimonov O V
Published: November 2020

The paper shows that the degree and type of shaft misalignments, along with imbalances, have a decisive impact on vibration levels in centrifugal pumps. An accurate assessment is impossible without a unit shutdown to measure shaft alignments with special devices. A method for determining misalignments is proposed to assess the degree of misalignment against vibration spectra, the so-called rotational harmonics.
Surface modification of low carbon steel to improve corrosion resistance
Authors: Pakhomova S
Published: November 2020

Issues of improving the operational properties of low-carbon steels by coating are considered. It is shown that aluminum and chromium coatings increase the corrosion resistance of precision alloys without deterioration of their magnetic properties. It has been established that chromium coatings are more promising.
Improving the material properties of vacuum devices electrodes by technology rational improvement
Authors: Kyrganova Yu , Nikolukin Yu , Panina K
Published: November 2020

The material of the electrodes of high-current vacuum and plasma electronics is traditionally obtained by powder metallurgy methods (mixing components, pressing blanks, hydrogen sintering in a given mode). However, the material of the cathodes produced according to the adopted technology, has a number of significant limitations. They are caused by the impossibility of a uniform distribution and grinding of the initial powder components by the adopted grinding in globe mills, as well as by abundant gas emission during the sintering time. The nonuniformity of the distribution of the composition in the structure, low density, high porosity, low mechanical strength of the emitting material with a metal matrix give a decrease in the operating properties of the cathodes, which leads to a decrease in the lifetime of electronic tubes. This problem is proposed to be solved by directional changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the electrode material by selecting the gravimetric consist of the base material components and improving the existing production process. The article presents the analysis of research results, changes in the structure of the material by optical and scanning microscopy methods, and also describes a complex of acquired physical and mechanical properties of experimental samples obtained by modernized technology. Thus, the developed innovative techniques allowed to increase the hardness by 36%; density by 19%, and to reduce porosity by 25% in relation to traditional cathodes. Such changes in the physical and mechanical properties make it possible to predict an increase in the service life of produced and developed vacuum tubes operating in current flow regimes up to 100 kA and in highly stressed electromagnetic fields up to 500 kV.
Technological bases for increasing the durability of aviation parts by chemical heat treatment
Authors: Pakhomova S , Karpukhin S
Published: November 2020

The paper presents studies of the structure and properties of low-carbon alloy steels after carburizing. A comparison of four types of carburizing (batch carburization, conveyor carburization, fluidized bed carburization and ionic carburization) is made. The influence of technological modes of chemical-thermal treatment on the phase composition and amount of carbide phase in a carburized layer is considered. It is shown that the type of carburizing affects the operational properties of parts of aircraft mechanisms. The best results were shown by the details after ion vacuum carburizing. The increase in wear resistance and contact fatigue is associated with the formation of a high-quality surface layer having a higher hardness and a higher proportion of the carbide phase. Such properties cannot be obtained after conventional types of carburizing in a shaft or conveyor furnace. In this case, ionic carburizing and carburizing in a fluidized bed make it possible to halve the technological regime of carburizing in comparison with two other methods.
Improving wear resistance of drill pipe sub thread by using final electromechanical surface hardening
Authors: Fedorov S , Zaripov V , Ivanova Y , Yakovleva A
Published: November 2020

Improving wear resistance of drill pipe sub thread is a vital task, and finding effective solution for it would much assist oil and gas companies to enhance well construction process. The report presents the results of comparative wear resistance tests for P147/147 and P133/133 subs of the top drive manufactured by OOO «NIGMASH» in Bashkortostan. The tests were performed by OOO «Tatburneft» holding company, a division of PAO «TATNEFT». Both, series and test subs were made from 40X2H4A steel. This report shows the results of metallographic studies and tests for improvement of the parts wear resistance, including the method of final electromechanical hardening (EMH) of the box and pin threads as compared with the conventional method of bulk heat treatment.The researches has developed the equipment, tools and technology for hardening of tool joint thread of drill pipe subs. The performed tests and studies aimed at enhancing efficiency of oil and gas well drilling. Their results are of much interest for oilfield operators, drilling and service contractors, as well as drilling subs manufacturers and repair companies.
A multi-body dynamic model of the snowmobile to define acting loads in the its parts
Authors: Vdovin D , Levenkov Y , Chichekin I , Fominykh A
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the snowmobile multi-body dynamic (MBD) model is presented. Mass reduction of the snowmobile parts is the important problem in the process of creating a new vehicle. It is important to determine loads to create rational designs of parts. There are various modeling methods for determining loads. More convenient method is using the MBD model. Research objective: development of the snowmobile MBD model, taking into account the main features of its design. It is possible to perform optimization and strength calculations of snowmobile parts using defined loads at early stages of the development.
Application of optimization methods to reduce the mass of body parts of minibuses made of layered composite materials
Authors: Kostenko A , Zuzov V
Published: November 2020

Annotation. This article proposes an approach to reducing the mass of parts from layered composite materials, including parametric and topological optimization of parts using the finite element method. The proposed approach made it possible to shape the body for a minibus with the least amount of time, which confirms its effectiveness.
To the concept of improving the quality of technology for the arctic zone of the russian federation
Authors: Kushnarev L , Kushnarev S
Published: November 2020

The restoration and development of the technological potential of machine-building enterprises to the modern technical level with the existing approaches requires not only significant investment, but also a robust strategy of actions to achieve the targets, the main of which is a comprehensive increase in the quality of manufacturing and increase in the production volume of machine-building products. Only a quick and steady increase in the quality of machinery and equipment, at least to the level of the best world analogues, will ensure the steady and intensive development of the entire machine-technological complex of the country. This is especially true for improving the quality of equipment designed for use in harsh arctic conditions.

Materials and methods. The current level of domestic equipment quality differs significantly from foreign counterparts. The results of organizational and technological studies indicate the need to improve existing forms and methods of organizing production and maintenance by machine manufacturers throughout the entire life cycle.

Monographic research, analysis and synthesis, abstract and logical, technical and economic assessments are used as scientific research methods.

Research results. The goal is solving the problem of improving the quality of domestic technology. The proposed organizational and technological solutions provide an accelerated output of mechanical engineering in terms of product quality and production volumes in accordance with the requirements of technological modernization of the country’s economy.

Discussion and conclusion. To achieve the required level of quality of technological machines and equipment, authors propose to improve the quality of manufacturing and reliability indicators of machines and equipment. The solution to this problem is the reorganization of the existing production and technological system and the introduction of proprietary engineering and technical service (maintenance) of equipment throughout the entire life cycle.
Experience in calculating the annular discharge of a centrifugal pump based on the hydrodynamic modeling method
Authors: Martynyuk O , Petrov A
Published: November 2020

Abstact. The problems of small-sized centrifugal pumps for thermal stabilization systems and the need to optimize them in order to increase efficiency, wear resistance and service life are considered. The types of outlets used in such pumps and their advantages are defined. Using hydrodynamic modeling in the STAR CCM+ software package, the values of efficiency and radial force on the impeller rotor at different feed rates for centrifugal pumps with annular and spiral discharge are obtained. The data obtained were analyzed and processed, as well as compared with the results of similar studies in previous years. The advantages and disadvantages of each outlet are determined and the conclusion is made.
Hardware-in-the-loop modeling applied to FESTO hydraulic learning system
Authors: Kulakov B , Kulakov D
Published: November 2020

The issue of Hardware-in-the-loop modeling in Matlab/Simulink using a physical model of an electrohydraulic servo drive implemented on FESTO learning system is considered. As an example, the synthesis of state components feedback coefficients for the electrohydraulic servo drive control is discussed. The paper provides the block-diagrams for connecting FESTO physical model to Matlab software and algorithms that allow using Matlab for automatic optimization of the controller parameters directly during the operation of the electrohydraulic servo drive physical model. Thus, already at the stage of optimizing the parameters of the controller, its operation as part of a real hydraulic system is studied.
Method for increasing the damping of an electro-hydraulic drive system of anthropomorphic walking robots
Authors: Semenov S , Ryabinin M
Published: November 2020

Annotation. Due to the fact that anthropomorphic walking robots (AWR) are becoming one of the classes of extreme robotics tools, the task of creating drive systems that simultaneously have high indicators for a set of parameters arises. In particular, the problem arises of preventing the occurrence of self-oscillations in conditions where servo drives with high quality factor experience strong dynamic mutual influence through the actuator. According to the totality of indicators for AWR designed for operation in extreme conditions, electro-hydraulic servo drives are preferable. Features of the dynamics of the ASH actuators and the electro-hydraulic drives used on them force us to look for new ways to correct their dynamic properties. This article presents a method of reducing the propensity of a drive system to generate self-oscillations by correcting hydraulic drives using acceleration feedbacks. It uses an estimate of the relative accelerations of the robot links during movement using the signals from pressure sensors installed in the actuator hydraulic motor. The calculations are made using the equations of dynamics of the AWR actuator, taking into account the temporarily imposed external connections. The method allowed to significantly increase the dynamic accuracy of the drive system of the prototype AWR developed by MSTU N.E. Bauman.
Study of tribotechnical characteristics of 3D printed abs plastic samples
Authors: Slavkina V , Lopatina Yu
Published: November 2020

This work is devoted to research of tribotechnical characteristics of 3D printed samples from ABS plastic. The results of determination of friction coefficient and depth of counterbody introduction into the sample surface on Tribometer TRB-S-DE-0000 are presented. The article also presents the advantages of using 3D printing for repairing machine parts and describes the causes of gear failure.
Propeller optimization for underwater propulsion
Authors: Cheremushkin V , Polaykov A
Published: November 2020

Annotation. This article is devoted to the optimization of an underwater propulsion propeller and the identification of the main dependencies in the first stages of optimization. A mathematical model and a parameterized 3d model with indication of variable parameters, as well as optimization criteria, are presented. The used method of numerical hydrodynamic modeling is described. The obtained characteristic dependencies are presented in the form of graphs.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Sv-08G2S Steel
Authors: Kulikov A A , Balanovskiy A E , Grechneva M V
Published: November 2020

Wire arc additive manufacturing enables using almost any grade of metal for the additive production of parts with complex shapes and large sizes. As an increasingly growing number of materials are being used for WAAM, it is necessary to conduct systematic research on the properties of various metals and alloys. This article presents a study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the wire arc additively manufactured Sv-08G2S steel. Once the wall-shaped sample was deposited, it was cooled in the air at room temperature. The sample for microstructure studies was cut across the central line of the deposited layers. In the sample, three sectors were conditionally distinguished: the lower sector, deposited on a cold substrate, has a ferrite structure with inclusions of lamellar perlite; the middle sector has a purely ferritic structure; the upper sector has a bainite structure. The microstructure study was followed by hardness measurements performed in all sectors of the sample. The hardness values confirmed the presence of different structures in all sectors, the hardest of which was the upper sector with a bainite structure. The last stage of the study was the tensile testing of the sample performed on a test breaking machine. The obtained values of the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of additively deposited steel are within the range and even exceed the characteristics of wrought low-carbon steels. Therefore, the conducted research proved that the additive manufacturing of parts made of Sv-08G2S steel enables achieving the necessary quality and provides the mechanical properties required for structural steels.
X-ray Diffraction Analysis by Williamson-Hall Method of Strontium Hexaferrite Lattice Features after Mechanical Milling
Authors: Egorov I N , Egorova S I , Ya Egorov N
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the result of experimental studies of strontium hexaferrite milling in beater mill. SEM studies showed that milling of strontium hexaferrite in beater mill with formation of magneto fluidized bed leads to significant intensification of the process. Williamson-Hall method was used to determine structural characteristics changes in the strontium hexaferrite powder from milling time in magneto fluidized bed. Carried out studies showed that milling intensification is significant only to a certain dispersity of processed powder. However, during milling with formation of magneto fluidized bed, decrease of particle sizes and structural characteristics changes speed happens at finer disperse compound.
Study of the Features of Damage Accumulation in Steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti at Low Temperatures Using Non-Destructive Testing Methods
Authors: Khlybov A A , Anosov M S , Ryabov D A
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the features of damage accumulation during fatigue loading of 12Cr18Ni10Ti steel, in particular at low temperatures. The character of changes in the magnetic and acoustic characteristics, as well as the index of the fractal dimension of microstructures during the accumulation of damage to the metal structure, is studied. The correlation of the considered indicators is shown, which indicates the possibility of using indicators such as the acoustic parameter, magnetic characteristics (Hc/Br ratio, as well as the coercive force Hc) and the fractal dimension of the metal microstructure to assess structural damage, such as in laboratory conditions, and during the operation of individual parts and structural elements in a wide range of low temperatures. The use of the considered indicators in the complex will significantly increase the accuracy of forecasting metal damage and its residual life.
The Features of Bainite Transformation in Alloyed Steels
Authors: Yudin Yu V , Maisuradze M V , Lebedev P D
Published: November 2020

The main factors affecting the kinetics of isothermal bainite transformation in alloyed steels were determined using the algorithms of the computer modelling of phase transformations in the solid state. The experimental and calculated transformation kinetics was described and compared using well known Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) equation and Austin-Rickett (AR) equation. The effect of the initial configuration and the nucleation rate of the new phase nuclei on the parameters of the bainite transformation was analysed. The calculated kinetics of phase transformation at different nucleation rates was compared with the experimentally observed for HY-TUF and D6AC steels. The mechanism of the bainite transformation in alloyed steels was explained.
Action Planning for Improvement of Design and Operating Parameters of Ball-Bearing Steel Tube Annealing
Authors: Yur’ev B P , Dudko V A , Korelin A V
Published: November 2020

Annealing process was reviewed for hot rolled 100Cr6 steel tubes in a chamber furnace with subhearth burners. Based on the obtained results of thermotechnical testing at the chamber furnace it was detected that the current annealing curve conceptually do not allow production of satisfactory quality tube in the course of annealing. As a result an adjusted curve corresponding to the annealing requirements for 100Cr6 steel and chamber furnace capabilities was proposed. Causes were determined for poor quality tube annealing and detailed review was carried out for chamber furnace capabilities in terms of required heat treatment duration ensuring sufficiently high quality of annealed tubes. List of actions allowing significant improvement of chamber furnace performance and annealed tube quality was considered. Chamber furnace renovation option was proposed where the total heat treatment time of tubes may be reduced significantly through heat transfer process intensification in the furnace working space, uniformity of tube heating in the batch, annealing quality and therefore furnace performance may be improved.
The Possibility of Using Tyumen Keramzite Clay in the Production of Ceramic Materials
Authors: Pavlova I A , Getman A A , Farafontova E P
Published: November 2020

The properties of red low-melting clay with the aim of its use in the production of building ceramics are investigated. The presented sample of clay raw materials by mineral composition refers to kaolinite clays with mixed-layer formations in the form of illite and ferruginous montmorillonite with Na-, Ca- and Mg-interlayer hydrated exchange cations. It is characterized by an average content of free SiO2 (10 – 25%). The clay is medium plastic with a low content of coarse inclusions, it refers to medium raw materials. Clay is medium-drying, medium-sensitive to drying, non-sintering. Mechanical strength during firing at a temperature of 900°C is 27.5 MPa. When firing samples in the temperature range 900 – 1050°C, a significant black core is formed. At a firing temperature of 1050°C, swelling of the samples occurs. Considering the properties of this clay, it cannot be recommended to produce face and ordinary building bricks. However, the studied clay can be used to produce expanded clay. The introduction of 0.5% of spent technical oil allows to get the expansion coefficient of 3.83. The temperature range of expansion is 1050 – 1170°C. The density of expanded clay granules in this case is 560 kg·m−3.
Technogenic Raw Materials in High-Alumina Chamotte Production
Authors: Pavlova I A , Getman A A , Farafontova E P
Published: November 2020

The paper presents studies on the production of a high-alumina aggregate with an Al2O3 content of 75% based on fine-grained corundum dust generated by grinding fused corundum. Finely dispersed corundum powder is a by-product and due to the low Al2O3 content (93 – 95%) is not used in further production. It is proposed to obtain high-alumina aggregate without joint grinding of the components. Aggregate was obtained by pressing through a “false grain” from a mixture of kaolin and corundum dust in a certain ratio. The samples firing was carried out at a temperature of 1700°C. The phase composition of the obtained aggregate is represented by 46 – 51% corundum, 45 – 49% mullite. The water absorption of such chamotte is 14 – 16%, open porosity is 33 – 35%, apparent density is 2230 – 2290 kg·m−3. Now, it was not possible to obtain a high-density filler grade ZML and ZMK that meets the requirements of GOST 23037 – 78. The production flow chart of high-alumina chamotte based on kaolin and corundum dust should include a joint fine grinding of the components, or a separate grinding of corundum dust until it passes completely through the 0.063 mm mesh.
The Influence of the Initial Billet on the Mechanical Properties of Pipes
Authors: Zhakupova A T , Bogomolov A V , Zhakupov A N
Published: November 2020

The article researched the influence on the pipes mechanical properties initial billet obtained by the traditional method and the proposed method, in which the piercing process is excluded. The proposed method involves casting the initial billet for the production of seamless pipes with a cavity obtained on a continuous casting machine. The production of hot-rolled seamless pipes from a hollow billet is an urgent issue today, since central porosity and axial segregation after casting are excluded, affecting the quality of the pipes obtained in the subsequent stages of production: rolling on a mandrel mill and reducing. The result is a minimal deviation of the mechanical properties of steel samples obtained by double deformation of a hollow continuously cast billet from samples obtained according to the traditional scheme, including the piercing process.
Resource Saving Design of High Resistible Lining of a Teeming Ladle
Authors: Molchanov L S , Boichenko B M , Synehin Ye V
Published: November 2020

It is described in the article a process of erosive destruction of teeming ladle lining. Special attention is paid to erosion by metal jet during tapping from melting furnace, for example BOF or EAF. This phenomena lead to steel contamination by non-metallic inclusions (NI). In case the steelmaking plant does not have any opportunity to remove NI from steel, for example argon blowing or electromagnetic stirring, a significant part of them remains in steel. Authors have proposed a lining design of teeming ladle, which alter a flow pattern in a way to move NI up. To confirm this hypothesis authors have developed a methodology of “water” modelling and high-temperature modelling with use of fusible metal. As a result of experiment topography of lining destruction for traditional and developed lining design has been achieved. An efficiency of developed lining design has been confirmed.
High Temperature Treatment of Castings from Steel Grade 150KhNM
Authors: Efimov A V , Potapov M G , Kuts N A
Published: November 2020

High-temperature processing of steel cast is an effective way to obtain a high range of properties of finish product. The main purpose of the study was to determine the critical temperatures and modes of processing of molten steel 150KhNM. The thermal calculation was carried out according to the additivity rule. The holding time of the melt was determined experimentally. Laboratory melts were performed with varying temperatures of maximum heating of the melt above and below tcr. The optimal modes of high-temperature processing of the melt were determined by analyzing the structure of solid samples. The influence of high-temperature treatment on the structure and properties of castings from steel grade 150KhNM has been studied. The main processing parameters of this alloy have been determined. The dependences of the metal overheating influence on the castings mechanical properties improvement are obtained. Examples of improving the quality of products with using optimal modes of high-temperature processing are given. The investigated modes have showed that holding at a critical temperature leads to change in the type of casting-box (raw sand, dry sand, chill mold) and uniformity of distribution. This fact leads to a change in properties and a more homogeneous structure is formed.
Research of Iron-Rich Pellet Oxide Reduction by Carbon
Authors: Yur’ev B P , Dudko V A
Published: November 2020

Advantages of iron-rich pellet use in steelmaking in electric furnaces as compared to steelmaking scrap were reviewed. Decomposition of carbon and hydrocarbon oxides with carbon release was observed at the Kachkanar iron-rich pellet cooling in shaft furnaces, where they were reduced. The released carbon interacts with iron oxides and alloying elements. Derivatorgraphic research was carried out, which allowed establishing the temperature ranges of the iron oxide and alloying element reduction process as well as reaction mechanism depending on the carbon amount. To investigate the nature of alloying element distribution among the metal and slag phases a mineralogical analysis was carried out for carbon containing iron-rich Kachkanar pellets.

The carried out research on alloying element (vanadium, titanium, manganese) distribution in Kachkanar iron-rich pellets after their post-reduction allowed process flow development for preparation of charge materials for steelmaking using spongy iron. A process was developed for vanadium and titanium containing alloying element production from iron-rich pellets containing carbon.
Anodic Dissolution of Non-Ferrous Metals in a Glycerate-Alkali Electrolyte
Authors: Valnev V A , Lobanov V G , Bludova D I
Published: November 2020

Studies have been conducted to assess the possibility of refining a lead collector containing precious metals, with the aim of obtaining lead using an economically viable and environmentally safe technology. A method of electrochemical selection in an alkaline glycerate electrolyte is proposed. The behavior of lead, silver and “silver crust” during anodic polarization in glycerate electrolyte was studied using the potentiodynamic method. “Silver crust” – type alloy of the following composition were used in this study, (wt.) %: 77.9 Pb, 12.76 Zn, 3.53 Ag, 0.50 Cu, Sb 0.90. The studies were carried out using the method of a rotating disk. Studied the patterns of anodic oxidation of lead and impurities in alkaline-water-glycerate electrolytes, depending on the concentration of sodium hydroxide and glycerol in the electrolyte, the potential sweep rate.
Effusion Mechanism of α-Layer Formation in Vacuum Casting of Titanium Alloys
Authors: Saulin D V , Poylov V Z , Uglev N P
Published: November 2020

The formation of the so-called α-layer when casting titanium alloys significantly impairs the mechanical properties of the metal and leads to the need for additional product surface treatment. It is known that simultaneously with the change in mechanical properties, the composition of the casting surface layer is often changed, and the composition change depth, as a rule, does not coincide with the depth of α-layer formed. The reason for α-layer formation, most often, is considered to be the introduction of foreign elements into the crystal lattice of a metal casting. According to our assumption, the mechanism of α-layer formation is two-stage, and it is associated with an intense diffusive effect on the melt structure in the casting outer layer, resulting from its boiling in vacuum during pouring into porous ceramic shells (CS). The paper suggests possible mechanism for composition changing of the surface α-layer in titanium castings due to the secondary processes of effusion saturation of the metal surface with reverse vapor flows coming from the porous ceramic shell after solidification of the casting. In this case, the primary process is the saturation of the CS pores due to the effusion of metal vapors during the boiling of the poured melt due to the high intrinsic vapor pressure exceeding the pressure in the foundry furnace. Chemical interaction of the alloy component vapors with the CS material leads to the volatile components: silicon, silicon II oxide, zirconium II oxide, saturating the metal surface layer due to reverse secondary effusion. The paper presents experimental results on α-layer formation when casting BT5JI alloy in CS having different composition and porosity. The research results confirm the assumption about both the diffusion mechanism of α-layer formation and the effusion mechanism of changes in its composition.
Effect of a Carbonaceous Additive on the Structure of an Aqueous Sodium Silicate Film on the Surface of a Refractory Chromite Filler
Authors: Kidalov N A , Grigoreva N V , Adamova A S
Published: November 2020

The results of studying the effect of a carbonaceous additive on the structure formation of aqueous sodium silicate film on the surface of a refractory chromite filler was shown. Ultradispersed pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) was used as a carbonaceous additive. The structure of liquid glass films on the surface of a refractory filler was investigated after curing at temperatures of 180-400-600-900 °C, which are comparable to the temperature of convective drying of liquid glass molds and cores, as well as molds heating temperature during pouring with liquid metal. The structure of liquid glass films on a refractory filler was investigated using a Versa 3D two-beam scanning electron microscope, which made it possible to show the effect of pyrocarbon on the structure of a silicate binder film in each temperature range.
The Simplifying the Calculation of the Strip Profile during Rolling in a Four-High Mill Stand
Authors: Rumyantsev M I , Kolybanov A N , Yesipova O K
Published: November 2020

The task of simplifying the calculation of deformation of the rolls and the strip profile during rolling in a four-high (quatro) stand has been formulated and stated in the article. The design and computer experiment results on the basis of which nonlinear approximations have been obtained for simplified calculation of the transverse rigidity moduli of the roller unit of the quarto finishing stand of the wide - strip hot mill 2500 have been described. The calculation of the transverse rigidity moduli of the roller unit of the quarto finishing stand is performed depending on the rolling force and the regulating force.
On Issue of Strip’s Break during Cold Rolling
Authors: Belskiy S M , Shopin I I
Published: November 2020

The strip breaks during the cold rolling lead to significant losses in a continuous mill: downtime, associated with the elimination of consequences, and additional consumption of metal. Strip break occurs at a specific strip location, which further complicates the identification and analysis of its root causes, since a critical deviation of the parameters in only one small section of the strip may already be the cause of the subsequent break during cold rolling. In this work, the methods for checking hypotheses and regression modeling are used to identify the key parameters of hot-rolled strips that affect the strip break. Then, on the basis of the developed mathematical models, threshold values for key parameters are determined, exceeding which increases the probability of strip break.
Simulaling the Faceted Tube Drawing
Authors: Okulov R A , Semenova N V
Published: November 2020

The paper studies cold-sinking of four-, six-, and eight-faceted steel tubes from round billets in a single pass. The built mathematical model of the process objectively describes the drawing and allows forecasting the geometric and deformation parameters of the pipes processed, as well as the power parameters of the process. The model accuracy has been confirmed by a series of parallel calculations and a comparative calculation in two software packages. The results have shown satisfactory convergence. The theoretical experiment results have been verified by performing a full-scale one. The results have also been consistent. The research results are of practical use to the process equipment manufacturers and consumers.
Surface Texture of Deformed Copper Wire
Authors: Zorina M A , Karabanalov M S , Loginov Yu N
Published: November 2020

The texture of the cold-drawn copper wire was investigated along the radius and on surface by means of EBSD. The wire fiber texture after drawing has been shown to consist of a set of a main orientations analogically to the rolling texture. These texture orientations are associated to the stress state in drawing. The central area of the wire was characterized by two main orientations: faint <001> and powerful <111>-fibers. Main orientations {110} <001> and {112} <111> were distinguished within these fibers. The peripheral region is represented by a shear texture that rotates 90° to the center texture and scattered at ± 10°. The surface texture scattered close to axial and also has deviated preferred components: strong {110} <001> and weak {112} <111> orientations.
Hot Isostatic Pressing of AISI 6150 Steel
Authors: Chkalova D G , Raznoschikov A S
Published: November 2020

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a promising way to improve the quality of structural materials, and therefore the structures themselves. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the application of technology for processing critical products made of AISI 6150 steel in order to reduce the number of pores in material and formed weld. The influence of HIP process on the structure of AISI 6150 steel samples was investigated using x-ray computed tomography. The experimental results show a significant improvement in structure of material, a decrease in the number and size of pores relative to the initial values. The experiments presented in this work were carried out on the basis of a HIP setup located at Vladimir State University.
The Use of Finite Mixture Models and EM-Algorithm to Analyze Grain Structure in HPT-Nanostructured Metallic Materials
Authors: Stolbovsky A
Published: November 2020

Analysis of grain size distribution’s histograms of Nb and Ni subjected to high-pressure torsion at cryogenic temperatures and Nb3Sn layers formed in Nb/Cu – Sn composite wires after the diffusion annealing has been carried out using statistical analysis method based on the application of finite mixture models and using an expectation – maximization algorithm with the estimation of fitting accuracy by the Bayesian information criterion. It has been established that the approximation by the model with a single component of logarithmic standard distribution is the most suitable for all examined experimental distributions in contrast to the model with two components. Besides, the use of the proposed approach allows to practically eliminate an influence of the additional errors in the experimental data which seem to be introduced at transmission electron microscopy image processing and constructing histograms of grain size distributions.
Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment Parameters on Structure, Phase Composition and Mechanical Properties of Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Illarionov A G , Stepanov S I , Demakov S L
Published: November 2020

The structure, phase composition and mechanical properties of (α+β) — titanium alloy solution treated at 850 °C, cold-rolled at the reduction ratio in the range of 0… 45%, followed by ageing at 450, 500, 550 °C for 0.5, 1.5, 3 hours was studied using XRD, microindentation and tensile testing. The influence of strain level at cold rolling and time-temperature parameters of ageing on the formation of structure and phase composition of solution treated and water quenched Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V alloy was investigated and discussed in terms of tensile properties and microhardness. The parameters of low temperature thermomechanical treatment (LTMT) of the (α+β) — alloy were proposed to obtain a high-strength state.
Research of Radial Flattening of Rolls in the Deformation Zone during Sheet Rolling
Authors: Pellenen A P , Lisovsky R A , Zhludov M A
Published: November 2020

The radial flattening of the rolls in the deformation zone is one of the reasons leading to the appearance of a strip minimum thickness during sheet rolling. Working rolls come into contact at the barrels edges as a result of pressing the strip into their core. At the same time, the rolling force increases significantly during rolling, reaching limit values for the rolling mill. A further reduction in thickness is not possible for this reason. Therefore, an accurate determination of the rolls radial flattening of is necessary for developing modes of belt deformation. The rolls radial deformation during the rolling of the belts in various modes was investigated, the existing methods for determining it in the work for the symmetric process and asymmetric rolling processes with different peripheral speeds of the work rolls were tested at the DUO-200 KhPL SUSU (NRU) experimental mill.
Investigation of the Influence of Dynamic Parameters on the Formation, Structure and Properties of Bimetallic Compounds during Explosion Welding with Simultaneous Stamping
Authors: Kuz’min V I , Lysak V I , Kuz’min E V
Published: November 2020

This article reports on the study of the influence of dynamic parameters on the formation, structure and properties of bimetallic compounds during explosion welding with simultaneous stamping. The results of the study of the impact of the collision speed and contact speed on the strength, wave parameters and the amount of molten metal obtained by the explosion of a bimetallic compound of the iron + steel 3 alloy are presented. It is shown that the formation of a bimetal during explosion welding is significantly influenced by impact velocity, with an increase in which there is an increase in the values of the maximum deflection and radial deformation.