bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Input Correlations in Shaping the Variability and Noise Correlations of Evoked Activity in the Neocortex
Authors: Bujan Alejandro F. , Aertsen Ad , Kumar Arvind
Published: June 2015

Recent analysis of evoked activity recorded across different brain regions and tasks revealed a marked decrease in noise correlations and trial-by-trial variability. Given the importance of correlations and variability for information processing within the rate coding paradigm, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the reduction in these quantities despite an increase in firing rates. These models suggest that anatomical clusters and/or tightly balanced excitation–inhibition can generate intrinsic network dynamics that may exhibit a reduction in noise correlations and trial-by-trial variability when perturbed by an external input. Such mechanisms based on the recurrent feedback crucially ignore the contribution of feedforward input to the statistics of the evoked activity. Therefore, we investigated how statistical properties of the feedforward input shape the statistics of the evoked activity. Specifically, we focused on the effect of input correlation structure on the noise correlations and trial-by-trial variability. We show that the ability of neurons to transfer the input firing rate, correlation, and variability to the output depends on the correlations within the presynaptic pool of a neuron, and that an input with even weak within-correlations can be sufficient to reduce noise correlations and trial-by-trial variability, without requiring any specific recurrent connectivity structure. In general, depending on the ongoing activity state, feedforward input could either increase or decrease noise correlation and trial-by-trial variability. Thus, we propose that evoked activity statistics are jointly determined by the feedforward and feedback inputs.
Nursing diagnoses for patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery
Authors: Ribeiro Carla Portolan , Silveira Caroline De Oliveira , Benetti Eliane Raquel Rieth , Gomes Joseila Sonego , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes
Published: June 2015

Objective: to identify nursing diagnoses of patients in mediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Methods: descriptive,cross-sectional design with 26 patients in mediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery, in an intensive care unit. Datawere collected through a form of socio-demographic/clinic characterization and nursing diagnoses. Results: one identified15 risk nursing diagnoses and 34 real diagnoses, and the most common were related to the domain safety and protection.Conclusion: the identification of nursing diagnoses in patients after cardiac surgery allows one to direct nursing care andsupport appropriate interventions to individual needs, because patients in these conditions require immediate and accurateinterventions.
Stress perception among patients in pre-colonoscopy period and those undergoing chemotherapy treatment
Authors: Silva Graziela De Souza Alves da , Silva Gabriela Alves Vieira da , Antonietti Camila Cristine , Benavente Sonia Betzabeth Ticona , Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Costa Ana Lucia Siqueira
Published: June 2015

Objective: comparing the perception of stress among patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy with thosein pre-colonoscopy period. Methods: a comparative descriptive study developed with 144 people receiving chemotherapyand 100 patients in the pre-colonoscopy period, using biosocial and clinical data, Stress Assessment Tool and Perceived StressScale. Results: a predominance of females (73%), aged over 65 (50%) were predominant for the pre-colonoscopy periodpatients. In patients receiving chemotherapy, gender parity with ages ranging from 40-64 years (68.1%) was observed. Precolonoscopypatients showed higher perceived stress compared to those receiving chemotherapy (p <0.001). Conclusion:the phase of diagnostic definition represents greater stress to patients in comparison to period of treatment, even despitethe characteristic manifestations of chemotherapy.
Influence of an educational strategy to promote the use of regional food
Authors: Martins Mariana Cavalcante , Ferreira Ádria Marcela Vieira , Nascimento Ludmila Alves do , Aires Julliana Dos Santos , Almeida Paulo César de , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa
Published: June 2015

Objective: to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of family members of preschool children about regional food,through a survey before and after an educational intervention. Methods: this is a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest study, with 62 family members of preschool children. One month before and after the conduction of an educationalactivity using the flipchart “regional food promoting food security”, one applied the survey. Results: it was found that after theeducational strategy, there was an increase in the classification “appropriate” in each survey area about regional food, and thevariation of knowledge (17.7%-77.4%), attitude (21%-72.6%) and practice (14.5%-64.5%), consequently, an improvementof 59.7% in knowledge, 51.6% in attitude and 50% in practice. Conclusion: the use of educational technology had a positiveinfluence on the knowledge, attitudes and practice of family members, contributing thus to the health promotion of childrenand their family members.
Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor after 4 years Tumor-free Follow-up
Authors: Lambrescu Ioana Maria , Martin Sorina , Cima Luminita , Herlea Vlad , Badiu Corin , Fica Simona
Published: June 2015

Background: A primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumour (PHNET) is a very rare disease. The liver represents the preferential site for neuroendocrine tumors' metastases.Case presentation: A 45-year old Caucasian female who presented with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, accompanied by diffuse abdominal pain was found to have on contrast-enhanced computer tomography an encapsulated, partially cystic liver mass. The patient underwent an uneventful left atypical hepatic resection. Histopatological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a slowly growing (G1) hepatic neuroendocrine tumour. Post surgery, the specific neuroendocrine markers (serum Chromogranin A and 24h urinary 5 hydroxy-indolacetic acid) were within normal range. Further functional imaging investigations were performed. No other lesions were found making probable the diagnosis of PHNET. The patient is presently after 4 years of follow-up with no local recurrence or distant metastases.Conclusions: The diagnosis of PHNET is a medical challenge that requires a thorough longterm follow-up in order to exclude an occult primary neuroendocrine tumour.
Early Achievable Severity (EASY) Index for Simple and Accurate Expedite Risk Stratification in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Hritz István , Hegyi Péter
Published: June 2015

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The assessment of severity is crucial in the management of the disease. Current methods of risk stratification in AP have a limited value, as they provide little additional information thus delaying appropriate patient care. Early recognition of severe disease may prevent serious adverse events and improve patient management as well as overall clinical outcome.Methods/Design: The EASY trial is an observational, multicenter, prospective cohort study for establishing a simple, easy and accurate clinical scoring system for early prognostication of AP. Evaluation of simple attainable potential prognostic parameters obtained at admission (or not later than 6-12 hours afterwards) from patients diagnosed with AP will be performed to assess their potential correlation with the disease severity. The selected parameters that show the strongest correlation with severe disease course will be further utilized as potential early severity prognostic markers for prospective new patient stratification. Comparison of patients' clinical course with the obtained results of early risk stratification may validate the utilized parameters as prognostic markers. The trial has been (i) discussed and (ii) accepted in a distinguished international scientific meeting, (ii) receiving the relevant ethical approval (TÜKEB: 30595-1/2014/EKU), (ii) registered at the ISRCTN registry which is a primary clinical trial registry recognized by WHO (Trial registration number: ISRCTN10525246).Conclusion: The EASY trial is designed to develop a simple and accurate clinical scoring system that can stratify patients with AP during the first 6-12 hours of hospitalization according to their risk for severe disease course.Key words:  -  - -  -.
Endoscopic Resection of a Giant Colonic Lipoma causing Severe Anemia
Authors: Popa Bogdan , Ilie Madalina , Sandru Vasile , Hortopan Monica , Beuran Mircea , Constantinescu Gabriel
Published: June 2015

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The Helix Sign in the Peritoneal Encapsulation Syndrome: a New Sign in a Rare Cause of Bowel Obstruction?
Authors: Mitrousias Vasileios , Alexiou Evangelos , Katsanas Apostolos , Batzalexis Konstantinos , Germanos Stylianos
Published: June 2015

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Nephrotic Syndrome after Infliximab Treatment in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Dumitrescu Gabriela , Dahan Karine , Treton Xavier , Corcos Olivier , Bouhnik Yoram , Stefanescu Carmen
Published: June 2015

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-targeted therapies are increasingly used to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. They are now used worldwide, and this class of medication has revolutionized the treatment of these diseases and the quality of life for patients but it also poses risk of developing various side effects including infections, exacerbation of some neurological manifestations, cutaneous lesions or induces antibody production. Renal complications are uncommon and poorly recognized. This report describes a probable case of infliximab-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis clinically presented as a severe nephrotic syndrome in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
Liver Elastography – Where are we Now?
Authors: Sporea Ioan
Published: June 2015

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The Disappointing Performance of the new „Magnetic Sphincters”: a Wrong Idea or a Wrong Realization?
Authors: Bortolotti Mauro
Published: June 2015

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Primary Peritoneal Serous Psammocarcinoma: a Case Report
Authors: Togănel Răzvan Dan , Şimon Ioan , Zolog Adriana , Simescu Răzvan , Cozma Angela , Muntean Valentin
Published: June 2015

Background: Psammocarcinomas (PCas) are rare epithelial tumors, usually originating in the ovaries or the peritoneum. These tumors are morphologically characterized by extensive psammomatous calcifications, invasiveness and low-grade cytological features.Case report: We present the case of a 54-year-old woman who was referred to our department with an umbilical tumor and increasing abdominal girth. The patient had had an umbilical hernia for more than 20 years. The CA 125 level was normal. The CT scan showed small peritoneal nodules at the level of the Douglas pouch, including the posterior wall of the uterus, and the entire colon, as well as large nodules located on the caecum and the sigmoid colon. We performed partial enterectomy, total colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis, omentectomy, total histerectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, pelvic peritonectomy of the Douglas pouch. Pathology findings were consistent with F.I.G.O. stage IIIC peritoneal PCa. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with Taxol and Carboplatin. To date, twelve months after surgery, the follow-up shows no evidence of disease.Conclusion: Standardized treatment protocols are hindered by the rarity of the PCas. However, literature concludes that optimal debulking is mandatory, whereas the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy remains to be elucidated.
Coping Strategies and Irrational Beliefs as Mediators of the Health-Related Quality of Life Impairments in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Fadgyas Stanculete Mihaela , Matu Silviu , Pojoga Cristina , Dumitrascu Dan L.
Published: June 2015

Background & Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and disabling gastrointestinal disorder. Although considerable research has underlined the influence of coping mechanisms as the determinants of the quality of life (QOL), only limited data are available regarding the specific coping mechanisms used by IBS patients to manage illness in daily life. Irrational cognitions are known to emerge in stressful situations such as chronic diseases, and it has been proposed to have implications in the QOL. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between coping styles and irrational beliefs in predicting the effects of IBS symptoms on the health-related QOL (HRQOL).Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at two tertiary gastroenterology centers. A sample of 70 consecutive IBS patients and 55 healthy controls was studied. All participants completed the Brief Cope Inventory, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, the Short-Form Health Survey and a demographic questionnaire.Results: All the HRQOL scores of the group with IBS were significantly lower than the HRQOL scores of the healthy group [Pillai's trace V = 0.404, F(8, 116) = 9.833, p < 0.001]. Irritable bowel syndrome patients used more problem-focused coping and avoidant-oriented coping than healthy subjects. The impact of IBS symptoms on HRQOL distress is mediated by irrational beliefs and avoidant oriented coping.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the role of irrational cognition and coping mechanisms in patients with IBS. The results underline the importance of the evaluation of psychological aspects of IBS with the possibility of having more tailored treatments for these patients.
Alimentos funcionales y biotecnología
Authors: Illanes Andrés
Published: June 2015

Título en ingles: Functional  foods and biotechnology

El estilo de vida contemporáneo provoca un fuerte impacto en los hábitos alimentarios, con un consumo creciente de alimentos procesados y comidas rápidas cuyos efectos adversos sobre la salud son claramente perceptibles. La comida en el mundo occidental está asociada al placer, de modo que el compromiso entre la gratificación y la salud es un dilema en nuestra sociedad. Los problemas de salud asociados a hábitos alimentarios: diabetes, cáncer, fallas cardíacas, alergias y obesidad,  afectan por igual a adultos y niños y tienen un profundo impacto en países en vías de desarrollo donde los efectos nocivos resultan más evidentes que en países desarrollados debido a las limitaciones económicas (Ezzati et al., 2005).
Marcos narrativos y emergentes contra-narrativos de la violencia en Colombia
Authors: Cartagena Núñez Catalina
Published: June 2015

En un primer momento, en este artículo se pretende mostrar cómo la violentología, en tanto saber experto sobre la violencia en Colombia, desplegó una macrolectura de país que facilitó la representación de la violencia en términos temporales, esto es, pasado, presente y futuro; y al mismo tiempo concentró sentidos sociales e institucionales, movilizando y reconfigurando un régimen de verdad sobre esta. Luego, en un segundo momento, se procura abordar las contra-narrativas emergentes; se exponen la lucha de sentido y las lecturas alternativas en torno al fenómeno.
Cardumen, la música del sueño
Authors: Boccanera Jorge
Published: June 2015

Análisis sobre la presencia del mar en el poemario de Rodolfo Dada.
Optimal Government Spending at the Zero Lower Bound: A Non-Ricardian Analysis
Authors: Nakata Taisuke
Published: June 2015

This paper analyzes the implications of distortionary taxation and debt financing for optimal government spending policy in a sticky-price economy where the nominal interest rate is subject to the zero lower bound constraint. Regardless of the type of tax available and the initial debt level, optimal government spending policy in a recession is characterized by an initial increase followed by a reduction below, and an eventual return to, the steady state. The magnitude of variations in the government spending as well as their welfare implications depend importantly on the available tax instrument and the initial debt level.
Small Businesses and Small Business Finance during the Financial Crisis and the Great Recession: New Evidence From the Survey of Consumer Finances
Authors: Kennickell Arthur B. , Kwast Myron L. , Pogach Jonathan
Published: June 2015

We use the Federal Reserve’s 2007, 2009 re-interview of 2007 respondents, and 2010 Surveys of Consumer Finances (SCFs) to examine the experiences of small businesses owned and actively managed by households during these turbulent years. This is the first paper to use these SCFs to study small businesses even though the surveys contain extensive data on a broad cross-section of firms and their owners. We find that the vast majority of small businesses were severely affected by the financial crisis and the Great Recession, including facing tight credit constraints. We document numerous and often complex interdependencies between the finances of small businesses and their owner-manager households, including a more complicated role of housing assets than has been reported previously. We find that workers who lost their job responded in part by starting their own small business, and that factors correlated with the survival of a small business differed greatly depending upon whether the firm was established or new. Our results strongly reinforce the importance of relationship finance to small businesses, and the primary role of commercial banks in such relationships. We find that both cross-section and panel data are needed to understand the complex issues associated with the creation, survival and failure of small businesses.
O paradoxo da linguagem não sexista
Authors: Hawad Helena Feres
Published: June 2015

Os preconceitos que se inscrevem na língua têm recebido crescente repúdio. Em contraste, parece não haver a percepção de que a língua pode ser, ela mesma, alvo de preconceitos. A rejeição ao emprego da forma masculina com sentido genérico em português, como parte dos cuidados para evitar o sexismo na linguagem, revela incompreensão do potencial de significado que essa forma gramatical realiza e de sua funcionalidade discursiva.
A RECOPILAÇAM DOS TRATADOS DE PESTE DE ÁLVARES & SALZEDO
Authors: Fernandes Fonseca Mariana
Published: June 2015

            Este artigo edita a Recopilaçam das cousas que conuem guardar se no modo de preseruar à Cidade de Lixboa. E os sãos, & curar os que esteuerem enfermos de Peste,  texto português voltado para  a prevenção e o tratamento da peste,  escrito por Tomás Álvares (fl. 15--) e García Salzedo y Coronel (fl. 15-).  A edição se faz sobre um exemplar  de 1598, uma vez que aquele que se supõe ser de 1580, existente na Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, encontra-se bastante mutilado.
Adaptação de uma versão portuguesa da Escala de Delinquência Auto-Relatada Adaptada para adolescentes
Authors: Pechorro Pedro , Vieira Rui , Marôco João , Barroso Ricardo , Gonçalves Rui Abrunhosa
Published: June 2015

A presente investigação teve como objetivo adaptar uma versão portuguesa da Escala de Delinquência Auto-Relatada Adaptada (ASRDS), instrumento que avalia comportamentos delituosos e antissociais em adolescentes. Recorrendo a 760 participantes adolescentes subdivididos em amostra forense (n = 250) e amostra escolar (n = 510) foram demonstradas propriedades psicométricas que na generalidade justificam a sua utilização na população adolescente portuguesa, nomeadamente a nível de validade fatorial, consistência interna, validade divergente, validade convergente, validade concorrente, e validade retrospetiva.
Relações entre Adaptabilidade de carreira e personalidade: Um estudo com universitários ingressantes brasileiros
Authors: Bardagi Marucia Patta , Albanaes Patricia
Published: June 2015

Identificar os fatores que influenciam a experiência universitária dos estudantes é importante para a pesquisa no desenvolvimento de carreira e permite uma maior compreensão da adaptação acadêmica dos alunos. Este estudo investigou as relações entre traços de personalidade e adaptabilidade de carreira em universitários ingressantes brasileiros. 359 alunos participaram (59,3% mulheres), com idade média de 20,6 anos, que responderam a perguntas biodemográficas, uma escala de adaptabilidade de carreira e uma lista de marcadores de personalidade. Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre adaptabilidade e todas as dimensões da personalidade. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os sexos na adaptabilidade e os estudantes de Humanidades tiveram escores significativamente mais baixos em preocupação de carreira do que alunos de outras áreas. Os resultados favorecem a discussão sobre o impacto das características de entrada dos estudantes para a adaptação e o engajamento acadêmico.
La transgénesis bajo una perspectiva artística
Authors: Torres Fernández Juana
Published: June 2015

La influencia de la biotecnología, cada vez más presente en nuestra vida, produce en ella cambios paulatinos a través de la transgénesis, proceso de transferencia de genes en un organismo que ha sido, a su vez, fuente de inspiración en las últimas décadas en la obra de un reducido grupo de artistas quienes, a través de su trabajo, en colaboración con científicos, plantea factores éticos, económicos y políticos de los propios procesos transgénicos en los cuales el concepto de especie queda sujeto a revisión.Estas prácticas artísticas, no solo abordan la dilución de algunas de las jerarquías en las que se ha fundamentado nuestra hegemonía, en tanto que especie humana en relación con el resto de seres vivos y el medio natural, sino que, a través de los procesos de hibridez seguidos, tales que la combinación de células de humanos con células de animales o plantas, nos sitúan ante la desestructuración de la división entre humano/no humano, al tiempo de acometer cuestiones relativas a su resultado: el sujeto artístico.Se abre pues una necesaria reflexión crítica entorno al uso de las prácticas transgénicas en el trabajo artístico cuya producción genera claramente cuestiones bioéticas y, llegados a este punto, el debate sobre la especificidad de lo orgánico y en consecuencia la revisión del concepto de vida, no solo parece pertinente sino, como apuntamos, necesario. ¿Hasta donde podemos continuar refiriéndonos al resultado del uso de estas nuevas técnicas como formas naturales de vida?
A regionális tehetséggazdálkodás vizsgálati módszerei a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Közgazdaságtudományi Kar hallgatóinak példáján
Authors: Balogh Gábor
Published: June 2015

A területi tehetséggazdálkodás – azaz a kiváló képességű emberi erőforrás tudatos vonzása, megőrzése, motiválása és fejlesztése – eredményessége jelentős hatást gyakorolhat a régiókra, a nemzetgazdaságokra. A tanulmány a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Közgazdaságtudományi Kar (PTE KTK) szakmai gyakorlatos hallgatói közül – háromdimenziós értékelési módszerrel – azonosított tehetségek területi preferenciáit mutatja be. Célom az volt, hogy mind módszerek, mind eredmények tekintetében fontos, újszerű és hasznos megállapításokat tegyek a tehetséggazdálkodásról. A tehetségek térbeli sajátosságait szekunder kutatások alapján mutatom be, amelyhez 2005–2014 között a szakmai gyakorlatokról gyűjtött empirikus adatelemzés legfontosabb eredményeit használom fel. A fenti időszakban 5186 db kérdőív gyűlt össze a hallgatóktól és a mentoroktól, melyet a hallgatók tanulmányi eredményeivel egészítettem ki. A hallgatói, munkaerő-piaci és felsőoktatási oldal értékelése alapján azonosítottam a tehetségeket és vizsgáltam térbeli sajátosságaikat. Hipotézisem szerint az egyes régiókban más és más kompetenciakészlettel rendelkező egyetemi hallgató számít tehetségesnek, azaz a tehetség fogalmának összetétele régiónként eltérő. Szignifikáns különbségeket mutattam ki az egyes régiók elvárt kompetenciái mentén: Közép-Magyarországon erőteljesebb elvárás az idegen nyelv magas szintű ismerete, a módszertani ismeretek, az informatikai tudás, a konfliktuskezelési készség, a gyors beilleszkedés és a stressz tűrése, mint Dél-Dunántúlon. Kimutatható Közép-Magyarország tehetségelszívó hatása is a gyakornoki helyeken keresztül, ami már előrevetítheti a pályakezdő diplomások munkahely- választási preferenciáit. Kutatásom eredményeit a hazai gazdasági-üzleti felsőoktatási intézményekre vonatkoztatom a PTE KTK példáján keresztül.
Megszabva. Városi kormányzás másutt és itthon
Authors: Horváth M. Tamás
Published: June 2015

A helyi önkormányzatokat szokásos megközelítés szerint az állami területbeosztáshoz kötik. A feladatok ellátása ugyanakkor a városiasság különböző fokait feltételezi, tekintet nélkül adott település és környezete közigazgatási besorolásának milyenségére. Az állami területbeosztáshoz nem kötött városi kormányzás kötetlen formái mindig is „körbelengik” a merevebb hivatalszervezési struktúrákat. A jelenség ebben az értelemben manapság reneszánszát éli Európában és a fejlett világ többi részén. A hálózatos formák tapinthatóak az urbanizált helyek között és közösségeikben, de ezek mindig együtt élnek merevebb struktúrákkal is. Ilyen a hierarchikus állami szerepek érvényesülése, ami egyben veszélyeket hordoz a hálózatosságra. De mind az államigazgatás szokásos struktúrája, mind a hálózati rendszer potenciálisan kikezdi magát a helyi demokráciát is. A probléma feltárása érdekében a tanulmány analitikus és empirikus módszert alkalmaz, az utóbbit összehasonlító kérdőíves felmérések adatainak elemzése útján.
Riaño. Significado y perspectivas de un nuevo núcleo de población
Authors: Moralejo Mateos María Pilar
Published: June 2015

El nuevo Riaño se configuraba, a finales de los años sesenta y principios de los setenta, como la condición «sine qua non» para una correcta articulación del entorno comarcal una vez que se hubiera cerrado el embalse del mismo nombre. Dos décadas después, su población confía como medio de vida fundamental en la dotación de servicios, principalmente en base al turismo y al tránsito, ya que se localiza en un estratégico cruce de carreteras entre las provincias de León, Asturias y Cantabria.
El turismo en las transformaciones urbanas de las ciudades medias: Burgos y las posibilidades del Proyecto Atapuerca
Authors: Andrés López Gonzalo
Published: June 2015

Las relaciones establecidas entre los proyectos de promoción turística de la ciudad y las actuaciones urbanísticas sobre espacios urbanos degradados o infrautilizados se han multiplicado en el conjunto de las ciudades medias españolas en la década final del siglo XX. Concretamente, la construcción de importantes equipamientos, materializados en “edificios-imagen” y, en la mayor parte de los casos, vinculados muy directamente con un amplio elenco de actividades y servicios relacionados con la cultura y el ocio, se ha desvelado como uno de los procesos con mayor capacidad de arrastre desde el punto de vista de la dinamización y mejora de la vida turística de estos conjuntos urbanos. Este artículo pretende contribuir a la reflexión sobre las relaciones entre la imagen urbana de la cultura y el significado de ésta en el turismo, utilizando para ello un análisis detallado de las posibilidades que presenta el Proyecto Atapuerca en la ciudad de Burgos.
Ciencia y ocupación del territorio en las Islas Shetland del Sur (Antártida Marítina): implicaciones territoriales y ambientales de las bases científicas
Authors: Serrano Cañadas Enrique
Published: June 2015

En las Islas Shetland del Sur se ubican diecisiete bases científicas pertenecientes a doce naciones. Con una capacidad próxima al millar de personas, que implica una fuerte presión estival sobre el medio por el incremento de científicos, visitantes y turistas, en invierno queda reducida a menos de doscientas. La red de asentamientos responde a intereses políticos y geoestratégicos hasta los años setenta y posteriormente a los interéses logísticos y científicos, con una una
tendencia a concentrarse en la isla Rey Jorge. Las bases son asentamientos muy heterogéneos tanto por su tipología como finalidad y evolución y responden a la historia y visicitudes de los programas antárticos nacionales. Las alteraciones e impactos de las bases de las Shetland del Sur poseen una entidad regional sin repercusiones continentales ni globales, centrados en las zonas libres de hielo de su entorno.
Dinámica industrial de Ourense en el siglo XX
Authors: Somoza Medina José
Published: June 2015

En este artículo se pretende mostrar la dinámica industrial de Ourense durante el siglo XX, caracterizando las diversas etapas que atraviesa este sector a lo largo del tiempo. Siguiendo la metodología del análisis inductivo, el estudio de un caso concreto nos puede aproximar al modelo general de industrialización de las ciudades medias españolas, de tal forma que las etapas identificadas en la evolución fabril de Ourense pueden, por extensión, ser perfectamente válidas para analizar otro caso concreto, como pueda ser el ejemplo de Toledo, Badajoz, Huelva o León. Estas etapas en las que se ha dividido la evolución industrial de Ourense son cinco: una primera caracterizada por la presencia de empresarios de origen foráneo, a la que sigue una fase de desarrollo de la clase empresarial local pero sin que se produzca un cambio estructural en el
sector. La tercera etapa se corresponde con los años de la autarquía en los que el sector industrial se beneficia del proteccionismo estatal orientando su producción a la sustitución de importaciones. Las décadas posteriores se caracterizan por la política de polígonos industriales que lleva a cabo la administración tecnocrática, para concluir en la última etapa con las nuevas directrices emanadas de los gobiernos autonómicos, tendentes a potenciar la innovación y el desarrollo tecnológico como factores clave para superar la competencia en el mercado mundial que acompaña a la globalización de la economía.
Tipología de las migraciones internacionales
Authors: Cortizo Álvarez José
Published: June 2015

El presente estudio constituye una revisión bibliográfica selectiva de las aportaciones conceptuales y tipológicas realizadas hasta la fecha en torno al tema de las migraciones internacionales.

El concepto de migración internacional participa de numerosas ambigüedades espacio-temporales que se plantean al estudiar los procesos migratorios. Por otro lado, la interpretación del fenómeno aparece determinada claramente por la visión que se tenga acerca de los procesos de polarización que, una vez plasmados en el espacio, están en la base de los fenómenos migratorios. Se describen brevemente las visiones funcionalista y neomarxista, así como otras que, desde una postura más ecléctica, prentenden un mayor acercamiento a la realidad.

La tipología que se propone utiliza cinco criterios a efectos de clasificación: la duración del desplazamiento, la distancia recorrida, las causas de la migración, el grado de libertad que preside la toma de la decisión de migrar y la composición profesional del flujo.
Transizione demografia e fenomeni migratori
Authors: Di Comite Luigi
Published: June 2015

Se analizan en este trabajo los flujos migratorios que se dan entres los países mediterráneos. Habitualmente el fenómeno se aborda bajo la óptica de las diferencias en el grado de desarrollo que se dan entre el "Norte" -países comunitarios que pertenecen a la vanguardia económica mundial- y el "Sure" -países extracomunitarios en vías de desarrollo-.

En el estudio se adopta una visión estrictamente demográfica, siendo la clave de interpretación la teoría de la transición demográfica. En este sentido, las migraciones analizadas han tenido -y seguirán teniendo en el futuro- una función de redistribución de la población, beneficiosa tanto en el caso de los países de inmigración -que afrontan una segunda transición demográfica- como en los de emigración -en los que se asiste a un proceso de explosión demográfica-.
La dimensión geodemográfica de las migraciones. Expectativas en Europa Occidental
Authors: Vidal Bendito Tomás
Published: June 2015

El trabajo aborda el tema de las migraciones en Europa desde una perspectiva desmitificadora respecto a la visión "catastrofista" de los medios de comunicación. Se pretende, por otra parte, contribuir a subsanar la tendencia observada entre demógrafos y geógrafos a centrarse en el funcionamiento interno de los demosistemas, ignorando en cierta medida los fenómenos migratorios -ante la complejidad teórico-práctica de su estudio- y a realizar un análisis basado en lo que venimos a llamar "visón expulsista". Se portula así una visión que incorpore las variables "atraccionismo" y "beneficio" al estudio de los procesos migratorios.

La primera parte del estudio incluye algunas reflexiones teórico-metodológicas acerca del hecho migratorio. En la segunda se analizan las condiciones sociodemográficas de dos espacios -CE y Magreb- entre los que se dan flujos migratorios. Se aborda, más adelante, la caracterización demográfica y migratoria de un ámbito espacio-temporal muy concreto -las Baleares en la década de los sesenta-. Termina nuestro trabajo con algunas reflexiones sobre las posibilidades de extrapolación entre los fenómenos observados en Baleares y la CE.
Globalización, Espacio y Geografía
Authors: Estébanez Álvarez José
Published: June 2015

La economía mundial ha sufrido grandes transformaciones en los últimos decenios, basadas en la productividad, la información y las transformaciones de las actividades productivas, llegando a un estado de economía global. La globalización económica, cultural o política no es continua temporal ni espacialmente; su representación es parcial, sesgada e intencional. Esta dinámica global agudiza las diferencias entre territorios, revalorizando el espacio y, por tanto, acrecentando el papel de la Geografía.
Evaluating the Risk of Casing Failure Caused by High-Density Perforation: A 3D Finite-Element-Method Study of Compaction-Induced Casing Deformation in a Deepwater Reservoir, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Guo Y.. , Blanford M.. , Candella J. D.
Published: June 2015

For a deviated well planned in a highly compressible deepwater reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico, a typical perforation strategy of 140° phasing with 16 shots/ft is unlikely to meet flux requirements at the anticipated production rate. Perforating the production casing twice to double the flow area is one option to avoid exceeding the maximum flux limit. But will the high-density perforations affect the casing strength enough to cause casing failure as the reservoir compacts, given the reservoir-operating limits? This cannot be assessed by using existing analytical models, by published numerical models, or from available empirical or experimental data.

To evaluate the feasibility of using a double-perforation approach, a 3D finite-element method (FEM) was developed to determine the effect of the additional holes on casing failure. The model considers variations in both casing thickness and perforation pattern during expected wellbore and reservoir conditions. Both perforated and nonperforated casings were analyzed to compare casing-deformation characteristics and to determine the effect of the perforation on critical depletion pressures.

The FEM model shows that casing deformation is not uniform, resulting from nonuniform strain loading across reservoir boundaries and nonuniform distribution of casing strength as a result of the perforation. For the nonperforated casing, the maximum strain is associated with bending near the reservoir boundaries. In contrast, the maximum distortion of the perforated casing is concentrated around the perforation holes at the ends of the perforated intervals. Allowing for a critical strain of 6% in the casing, the depletion limit would have to be reduced from 3,500 psi to 2,600 psi if the second set of perforations could be applied uniformly relative to the first set. A nonuniform distribution of the second set could further reduce the casing strength and lower the critical depletion pressure to 2,200 psi. Finally, the study also shows that increasing the casing thickness by 0.0625 in. would have almost no effect on casing deformation or the attendant reservoir-operating limit.

The study quantifies how much casing strain to expect in the scenario described—and that is critical for evaluating the risk of casing failure in expensive deepwater wells. The results suggest that models similar to the one described here, in fact, offer a feasible way to assess casing deformation in highly compressible reservoirs in which high-density perforation may lead to casing failure.
Overcoming Extended-Reach Challenges for Annular Fracturing
Authors: Castro L.. , Craig S.. , Micheli R.. , Livescu S..
Published: June 2015

More operators are seeing the production benefits of targeted, horizontal annular fracturing. The most-active method of annular fracturing in the US involves ported sleeves installed with the completion and activated by means of an isolation packer. Initial operations were in lateral lengths of 2,000 to 3,000 ft; however, current operations are planned for accessing lateral lengths up to 10,000 ft. Increasing lateral length results in the traditional access challenges faced by all coiled-tubing operations. The traditional method of lubricant use is the primary option because of its simplicity. The second method is to use fluid-hammer tools (FHTs). These are industry standard for improving efficiency in composite-plug milling operations, but their use in genuine extended-reach operations is not as broad.

This paper briefly covers historical ported-annular-fracturing operations and the various methods of achieving increased lateral reach. Results from four wells that have a lateral reach of 7,200 to 10,277 ft are detailed in the paper. The balance of the paper details operational results and optimization from several extended-reach wells.

Detailed lateral-reach modeling was performed before all operations. This permitted the determination of the number of expected stages that would require the use of lubricant in the fracture-treatment flush. Given that residual lubricant in the completion is removed by the erosion effects of the proppant in the fracture treatment, each stage would require an additional fluid flush. This gives an opportunity to modify the lubricant concentration, type, and volume in the flush. Before using FHTs for setting the isolation packer, laboratory testing was performed to ensure the bottomhole-assembly-system compatibility.

The lubricant testing and initial field results were reported previously (Livescu and Craig 2014; Livescu et al. 2014a, 2014b). This paper provides operators with sufficient case histories of the planned use of an advanced lubricant in genuine extended-reach wells in real-life situations. This knowledge can improve operator confidence in drilling longer laterals for predictable access for annular-fracturing operations.
A reflection on the long-term water balance of the Upper Indus Basin
Authors: Reggiani P. , Rientjes T. H. M.
Published: June 2015

Rapid glacier retreats due to rising temperatures have been predicted in the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalaya (HKKH). Recent findings indicate shrinking glaciers in parts of the Himalayas, affecting ice storage and ultimately water availability. Insights on ice storage of the HKKH remain controversial, where glaciers retreat in some parts, while surging in others. In high-altitude areas only few in-situ observations are available, leading to ambiguous closure of the hydrological balance. Objective of this paper is to analyze the closure for the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). A first-order analysis using long-term flow and precipitation records, estimates of evaporation and ice storage is performed. Satellite information, atmospheric reanalyses, in-situ observations and related uncertainty are independently investigated. Trend analysis of 50-year stream flow indicates a statistically insignificant decrease of basin outflow. Analysis of 100-year precipitation data at valley stations shows no significant long-term trend, whereas temperature has increased moderately. Estimates of evaporation and sublimation in the HKKH system are notably few. Findings suggest that a substantial loss of ice in the UIB during the 1999–2009 decade is unlikely. Ice storage is probably at equilibrium or under slight accumulation, as indicated by recent altimetry studies in the Karakoram. In the UIB there is no evidence for intermediate-term risk to water supply as suggested in recent literature.
Water quality assessment using multivariate statistical techniques in Río Tercero Reservoir, Argentina
Authors: Bonansea Matias , Ledesma Claudia , Rodriguez Claudia , Pinotti Lucio
Published: June 2015

Water quality monitoring programs generate complex multidimensional data sets. In this study, multivariate statistical techniques were employed as an effective tool for the analysis and interpretation of these water quality data sets. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to evaluate spatial and temporal variation of water quality in Río Tercero Reservoir (Argentina). Six sampling sites were surveyed each climatic season for 21 parameters during 2003–2010. The results revealed that PCA showed the existence of four significant principal components (PCs) which account for 96.7% of the total variance of the data set. The first PC was assigned to mineralization whereas the other PCs were built from variables indicative of pollution. Hierarchical CA grouped the six monitoring sites into three clusters and classified the different climatic seasons into two clusters based on similarities in water quality characteristics.
Spatial rainfall prediction using optimal features selection approaches
Authors: Asghari Keyvan , Nasseri Mohsen
Published: June 2015

Rainfall as a semi-random hydrological event is difficult to forecast due to some very complicated and unforeseen physical factors and their chaotic behavior. Artificial neural networks (ANN), which perform a nonlinear mapping between inputs and outputs, have played a crucial role in rainfall forecasting. In this paper, some feature selection approaches have been implemented to simulate the regional scale rainfall field in order to address a few deficiencies of ANN, such as selection of informative features of input data encountered in hydrological processes. The main simulator is a multi-layer perceptron neural network optimized by simple genetic algorithm (GA) to determine optimal input vectors in order to compare with other statistical approaches. Current rainfall from a limited number of neighboring stations is shown to be valuable to forecast current rainfall of certain target stations in the province of Fars in Iran for 30 min leading time. Among the studied features selection approaches such as chi-squared, linear correlation coefficient and mutual information (MI), the results by MI have considerable competency with regard to computational efficiency using the optimized scenario by GA.
Perchlorate adsorption onto orange peel modified by cross-linking amine groups from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Lixiang , Yang Zhiquan , Li Ting , Zhou Shaoqi , Wu Zhenyi
Published: June 2015

Orange peel was made into a highly efficient bio-sorbent by modification with cross-linking amine groups for perchlorate removal. Bench-scale experiments were performed to explore the factors affecting the perchlorate adsorption onto the modified orange peel (MOP). Perchlorate could be removed effectively at a wide range of pH (from 1.5 to 11). The maximum adsorption capacity of MOP for perchlorate was calculated as 154.1 mg/g within 15 min. The Redlich–Peterson model was fitted to the adsorption isotherm very well (R2 > 0.99). The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, which was proved by thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs energy and enthalpy). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model could provide satisfactory fitting of the experimental data (R2 > 0.99). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that the surface of MOP became smooth and the contents of N and Cl in MOP were increased during the modification process. Elemental analysis results showed that the nitrogen content in MOP was increased to 5.5%, while it was 1.06% in orange peel. The adsorption mechanism was also explored using zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Ion exchange was the primary mechanism responsible for uptake of perchlorate onto MOP.
Kinetics analysis of zinc sorption in fixed bed column using a strongly basic anionic exchange resin
Authors: Gîlcă Emilia , Măicăneanu Andrada , Ilea Petru
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the capacity of anionic resins to remove zinc as zinc chloride complexes in fixed bed. The applicability of the kinetics models and the characteristics of the bed (sorption capacity, breakthrough curve, depth of the adsorption zone) were taken into account. The influence of the process parameters, such as resin quantity (bed height) and zinc initial concentration, on the removal process was also considered. The obtained results (Amberlite IRA410) were analyzed using sorption kinetic models such as Thomas, Adam-Bohart, and Clark, by linear regression analysis. Similarly, the concept of the mass transfer zone was applied in order to properly design the fixed bed adsorption process. By comparing various resins, the following series was depicted based on sorption capacities: Amberlite IRA410 > Purolite A103S > Purolite NRW700 > Purolite A400MBOH. The experimental data were in good agreement with the Clark model, while for the other models, lower correlation coefficients were obtained under the same experimental conditions. The MTZ height and rate of movement increased with increasing initial concentration.
Model-based control structure design of a full-scale WWTP under the retrofitting process
Authors: Machado V. C. , Lafuente J. , Baeza J. A.
Published: June 2015

The anoxic–oxic (A/O) municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Manresa (Catalonia, Spain) was studied for a possible conversion to an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) configuration to promote enhanced biological phosphorus removal. The control structure had to be redesigned to satisfy the new necessity to control phosphorus concentration, besides ammonium and nitrate concentrations (main pollutant concentrations). Thereby, decentralized control structures with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and centralized control structures with model-predictive controllers (MPC) were designed and tested. All the designed control structures had their performance systematically tested regarding effluent quality and operating costs. The centralized control structure, A2/O-3-MPC, achieved the lowest operating costs with the best effluent quality using the A2/O plant configuration for the Manresa WWTP. The controlled variables used in this control structure were ammonium in the effluent, nitrate at the end of the anoxic zone and phosphate at the end of the anaerobic zone, while the manipulated variables were the internal and external recycle flow rates and the dissolved oxygen setpoint in the aerobic reactors.
Influence of operating parameters on the fate and removal of three estrogens in a laboratory-scale AAO system
Authors: Zhang Zhaohan , Feng Yujie , Su Hui , Xiang Lijun , Zou Qiuyan , Gao Peng , Zhan Peirong
Published: June 2015

A laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) process was constructed to investigate the influence of hydraulic residence time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT) on the removal and fate of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and their removal mechanisms in a biological treatment system. In an HRT range of 5–15 h, the highest removal efficiencies for E1, E2 and EE2 were obtained at an HRT of 8 h, with values of 91.2, 94.6 and 81.5%, respectively. When the SRT was increased from 10 to 20 d, all three estrogen removal efficiencies stayed above 80%, while the optimal SRT for each estrogen was different. The contribution of each tank for removal of the three estrogens was in the order of aerobic tank > anoxic tank > anaerobic tank. The optimal HRT and SRT for the removal of both the three estrogens and nutrients were 8 h and 15d, respectively. At this condition, respectively, about 50.7, 70.1 and 11.3% of E1, E2 and EE2 were biodegraded, 28.8, 17.2 and 50% were accumulated in the system, 8.3, 5.4 and 17.3% were discharged in the effluent, and 12.2, 7.3 and 20.34% were transported into excess sludge. It indicated that biodegradation by sludge microorganisms was the main removal mechanism of E1 and E2, while adsorption onto sludge was the main mechanism for EE2 removal.