bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHIC PROCESS OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE AT THE END OF THE 19TH - BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Muzychko Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the process of conceptualizing the history of Jews in the historiographical process of southern Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries.
The use of these principles is complemented by a number of special historical methods, in particular: search-specific, cognitive, prosopographic, historical-geographical, problem-chronological, historical-statistical, historical-systemic, structural-functional, comparative and descriptive. Within the framework of the basic methodological principles, such scientific principles as analysis, synthesis, analogy, abstraction and others were applied in the work, which made it possible to fully disclose the chosen topic in a consistent, logical and complete form.
To establish the peculiarities of historical views, the works of historians are traditionally an irreplaceable source. They have all the characteristics of a historiographical source: subjectivity, specificity of the author’s style, determined by the circumstances of the time and place of writing and publication, etc. Another group of sources are reviews of these works by contemporaries, which allow them to be included in the historiographical context. Memoir sources, and these are primarily the well-known memories of S. M. Dubnov, in which an introspection of his residence in Odessa is separately carried out, allow one to delve deeper into the circumstances that led to the genesis of the conceptual views of Jewish historians on the past of their people.
At the end of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century, in the territory of southern Ukraine, the works of several Jewish historians were published. The purpose of these works was to outline the main conceptual foundations of Jewish history. Although these works were not perfect from the point of view of modern historiography, they laid the foundation for the formation of Judaism as a scientific discipline in Eastern Europe, and, in particular, in Ukraine. The appearance of these works was determined by the general development of national movements in the world at that time, in particular, the movement of the Jewish people for self-assertion in the unfavorable conditions of the Russian-imperial policy. The main merit of the authors was that they gave Jewish history and historiography a secular, analytical, and scientific context. The process of conceptualization led to a clearer formulation of the conceptual apparatus, goal and tasks of Jewish historiography and brought it to the level of Judaica as a scientific discipline.
Research impact training and development support for doctoral students
Authors: Suri-Ogilvie Reetika
Published: April 2024

This research-in-progress case study in one UK university setting looks at how supportive PhD supervisors are of impact work, what motivates PhD students to access impact support and whether there are barriers to PhD students from carrying out impact plans and what those barriers are.

A mixed-method approach was used to collect quantitative data on student participation in impact training and qualitative data on their thoughts on impact work, supervisory support and motivators and barriers for doing impact work.

Clinical science students found it easier to understand the direct impacts of their work compared to life science students. Over time, students developed a better understanding of the potential impacts of their work. The majority of students discussed their impact with their supervisors but did not discuss time, budget or monitoring plans for impact activities. The majority of students talked about a lack of supervisor support for impact work and a need for better supervisor training. Students identified motivators and barriers for doing impact work.

The study suggests that there is a gap in training and support for doctoral students to develop the societal impact of their research. Impact work helps students to develop skills and experience valued by employers. However, PhD students may not receive impact training as part of their degrees. Supervisors may be unsupportive of PhD students doing impact work because it may distract from core research activities. Based on the study findings, the author has made recommendations for addressing this gap.
Introduction Economic and Psychological Well-Being During COVID-19 Pandemic in Albania, A Need for Sustainability
Authors: Nurja Ines , LAHI Besmira
Published: April 2024

This research studies economic and psychological well-being sustainzbility through comparative data from two research studies, which the authors conducted in two different time logs. The research question arises as to whether economic and psychological well-being perceptions through the years are affected by age, gender, and monthly revenues for Albanian adults. Thus, a dataset of 493 individuals was analyzed. Crosstabulation analysis and descriptive data demonstrated that the perceptions related to more economic difficulties were reported in both studies despite the level of monthly revenues. The findings of this research are that females report more optimism in 2023, both related to economic and psychological well-being, but further investigation is needed. Moreover, the young population reports a general decrease in psychological well-being, not considering life enjoyable. Despite monthly revenues, participants’ perception of economic problems is very high, even after the COVID-19 waves. These findings, in line with the SDG’s agenda in Albania, require attention and continuous observation to achieve economic and well-being Sustainability. Theoretical and practical implications of results and recommendations for future research are discussed. Future research should develop research findings theories incorporating the economic environments into relevance to the individuals of families’ financial stress and well-being. Moreover, the effects of the post-pandemic recession on psychological well-being must be investigated further.
IT Service Management System Practices in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Chege Stanley
Published: April 2024

This research investigates ITSM adoption and adaptation, and the challenges faced by leading Kenyan companies. Using a case study approach and guided by ISO/IEC 20000 and ITIL frameworks, the study highlights how Kenyan organizations successfully leverage ITSM to improve operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and innovation capabilities. Findings offer recommendations for businesses in Kenya seeking to optimize their IT service delivery for competitive advantage in a rapidly digitizing economy.
Molecular Detection of Some Most Important Pathogenic Bacteria by Multiplex PCR for Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Bovine
Authors: Solanki Sudeep , Devi Durga
Published: April 2024

Background: The dairy sector faces formidable obstacles in the early detection of the bacteria causing subclinical mastitis and in the proactive treatment of those cases. The objective of the study was to access multiplex PCR assays (MPCR) and conventional methods for the concurrent identification of significant bacteria that cause sub-clinical mastitis and to compare these methods. 200 samples of pooled milk from cows and buffaloes in Rajasthan were gathered between 2020 and 2021. Methods: The primary bacterial pathogens in milk samples were identified using conventional methods such multiplex PCR, biochemical testing and culture. Result: From 200 combined samples of cow and buffalo milk, the traditional approach was able to extract 97 different strains. Staphylococcus aureus 54 (27%), Streptococcus spp. 30 (15%) and E. coli 13 (6.5%) were shown to be prevalent as single or mixed infections, respectively. Staphylococcus was the main pathogen that was discovered. concurrently, S. aureus, Streptococcus and E. coli. Direct detection of Staphylococcus 65 (32.5%), Streptococcus 37 (18.5%), E. coli and 16 (8%) by multiplex PCR was found in milk samples. The analysis revealed that because multiplex PCR assays have higher specificity and sensitivity than conventional procedures, they are more reliable. The multiplex PCR method employed in the current study was a simple and quick technique to identify the major pathogens and it has the potential to be a very helpful tool for determining the pathogens that cause environmental mastitis and evaluating the health of the herd.
Experiences of Mothers With Physical Disabilities in the Care of Their Children and Their Expectations From Nurses
Authors: Topal Sümeyra , Çınar Nursan
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose:The study aims to determine the experiences of Turkish mothers with physical disabilities in the care of their children and their expectations from nurses in this process and ensure the establishment of strategic recommendations for nurses in line with these expectations.Methods:This qualitative descriptive study included 21 mothers with physical disabilities of nondisabled children aged 0–18 years. Data analysis was conducted using the traditional content analysis method in the Max Qualitative Data Analysis Analytics Pro 2020 program.Results:Six themes were obtained from the analysis. Of the six themes determined, the themes “Prenatal Emotions and the Need for Support,” “Postpartum Emotions and Childcare,” “Strategies Facilitating the Care Process,” “Child’s Safety,” “Advantages and Disadvantages,” and “Expectations and Recommendations” are related to childcare, while the theme “Expectations and Recommendations” is related to expectations from nurses and other healthcare professionals and recommendations to mothers with physical disabilities.Implications for Practice:The participants stated that nurses’ training and attempts to provide information related to their needs resulting from physical disabilities were limited.
Editorial UPTC
Authors: Molina-Andrade Adela , García Franco Alejandra , Gómez Galindo Alma Adrianna , Wilfredo Canizález Alex , Cuéllar-Cuéllar Carlos Ariel , Quilaqueo Rapimán Daniel , Seithi Kato Danilo , Amaya Martínez Fabio Andrés , Chadwick Geraldine , Nieves-Loja Gerardo , Illicachi Guzñay Juan , Álvarez Orías Juan Pablo , de Souza Rédua Laís , Mariño Blanco Laura Daniela , Garcés Viteri Lenín , Koller Hernández Marina , Westermeyer Jaramillo Marleen Adriana , Henrique Pereira Murilo , Melo-Brito Nadenka Beatriz , Alfaro Pozas Néstor Alcides , Ticas Pedro , Sanabria Rojas Quira Alejandra , Hernández Barbosa Rubinsten , Costa de Assis Vitória , López Galindo Yuber Arley , Pedraza-Jiménez Yamile
Published: April 2024

Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales, interculturalidad y contexto rural: una mirada latinoamericana, recoge experiencias de varios países de la región. Tiene como propósito mostrar un panorama conceptual, ontológico y metodológico relacionado con las diversas formas en las que se aborda y asume la interculturalidad en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales, especialmente en contextos rurales. La lectura de cada uno de sus capítulos nos permite conocer y reflexionar sobre la escuela como un actor comunitario, identificar los compromisos y desafíos que enfrenta la enseñanza de las ciencias al reconocer la diversidad cultural y las necesidades específicas de las comunidades rurales. Una mirada intercultural de las Ciencias Naturales es fundamental para favorecer y fomentar la participación de las comunidades en la comprensión de la ciencia como un constructo social e histórico.
Social Dialogue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: EU Experience
Authors: Egorov A.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the European Union member states’ experience in the field of maintaining social dialogue during the COVID‑19 pandemic. The author explores strategies for maintaining social dialogue, defines their specific features, and determines the risks within their implementation. It is revealed that the approbation of these strategies forced the national authorities of all EU member states to switch to tripartite consultations, characterized by a high level of representation. The priorities of the social dialogue during the pandemic aimed at ensuring the basic rights of workers in the European Union in various sectors are investigated. Measures ensuring health and safety of workers were put at the forefront. Social partners expected to overcome the main difficulties caused by the pandemic with the help of state support measures. At the same time, they raised topical issues of modeling the economic and social post-crisis recovery. The contribution of social partners to the training and professional development of skilled labor during the pandemic is being established. Effective practices are considered to contribute to the expansion of education opportunities and advanced training of employees through the conclusion of collective agreements with the formation of accounts for such an education. The mechanism of adaptation to the changing labor market using the transfer of workers to remote work is shown. It is emphasized that trade unions have chosen offensive tactics in dialogue with employers, seeking to protect the interests of employees when switching to remote work. It is concluded that the EU countries as a whole managed to overcome the risks of curtailing the social dialogue.
La ciudad participativa. Formas de trabajo colaborativo aplicadas a la planificación urbana. Los casos de las ciudades menguantes americanas: Baltimore, Detroit y Filadelfia = The participatory city. Collaborative working methods applied to urban planning. The case of American shrinking cities: Baltimore, Detroit, and Philadelphia
Authors: López Garrido Gonzalo José
Published: April 2024

Resumen La segunda mitad del Siglo XX en Estados Unidos supuso la puesta en marcha de una serie de iniciativas federales que distribuyeron fondos para el desarrollo suburbano y de infraestructura, dejando los tejidos urbanos de las ciudades deteriorados y a sus barrios diezmados en población y sin recursos, provocando el surgimiento de iniciativas que han asumido el autodesarrollo de proyectos empleando una amplia gama de enfoques participativos como metodología. Esta intersección entre una urgente crisis urbana y una metodología con gran potencial para el urbanismo conforma el marco histórico y teórico en el que se desarrolla este trabajo. Partiendo de la pregunta: ¿Es posible generar impacto urbano con la implementación de metodologías participativas como parte fundamental del proyecto de diseño y planificación urbana?, se examinan estas iniciativas, estableciendo una genealogía de modelos de participación ciudadana que suponen un marco común para analizar la participación en urbanismo. La investigación busca aportar una serie de estrategias de las cuales el urbanista pueda disponer a la hora de realizar su trabajo con una comunidad, y redefinir su papel como el agente capaz de gestionar procesos de diseño participativos y mediar entre la comunidad y las instituciones en la realización de un proyecto urbano.AbstractThe second half of the 20th century in the United States saw the implementation of a series of federal initiatives that distributed funds to suburban and infrastructure development, leaving the urban fabric of cities deteriorated and their neighborhoods decimated in population and without resources, causing the emergence of initiatives that have assumed the self-development of projects using a wide range of participatory approaches as methodology. This intersection between an urgent urban crisis and a methodology with great potential for urbanism conforms the historical and theoretical framework for this work. From the question: Is it possible to generate urban impact with the implementation of participatory methodologies as a fundamental part of the urban planning and design project? these initiatives are examined establishing a genealogy of citizen participation models that represent a common framework to analyze participation in urban planning and design. The research seeks to provide a series of strategies for the urban planner to use when carrying out their work with a community, and to redefine their role as the agent capable of managing participatory design processes and mediating between the community and the institutions in the realization of an urban project.
Influence of Magnetic Polarization on Diagrams of Inductive and Electromagnetic Logs
Authors: Shtanko E.I. , Arkhipov D.A. , Epov M.I.
Published: April 2024

––We present the results of the study of the effect of induced magnetic polarization of clay beds under the influence of an external harmonic electromagnetic field (frequencies 70 and 875 kHz). A two-stage numerical modeling procedure is proposed. At the first stage we determine the effective relative magnetic permeability of a synthetic sample with inclusions of clay particles. In this case a 3D heterogeneous mesh sample is generated. Then we numerically model a spatial distribution of an electric field. The electromotive force (EMF) induced in the measuring coil is calculated from this distribution. Relative magnetic permeability is determined by comparison with EMF of homogeneous samples with different values of magnetic permeability. It has been found that during the electric field excitation by an alternating current coil, the effect of induced magnetic polarization appears in the sample with clay particles. Its manifestation is that the effective magnetic permeability becomes complex. At the second stage we calculate the EMF diagram of the three-coil logging probe in the macro-model ‘clay cap – reservoir’. Magnetic permeability of the clay cap is given by a complex value. In the generated logs, extremes appear in the vicinity of the bottom of the clay cap; they do not correspond to the distribution of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability in the given model. They can be incorrectly interpreted when analyzing real logs into individual formations. Numerical modeling at all stages is performed by the Vector Finite Element Method on a consistent adaptive tetrahedral partition and the first-order Webb vector basis.
Preoperative fractional exhaled nitric oxide is a risk and predictive factor of postoperative cough for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients: a longitudinal study
Authors: LIN Rongjia , Yu Genmiao , TU Xiuhua
Published: April 2024

Background: To determine whether preoperative fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels is a risk and predictive factor of postoperative cough and its changes and recovery using the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin-Chinese (LCQ-MC).
Methods: 292 early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without preoperative cough were enrolled. 138 patients (47.2%) developed postoperative cough, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent risk factors of postoperative cough. For an exploratory analysis, patients with cough were divided into low and high- FENO [≥31 parts per billion (ppb)] groups. The LCQ-CM was used to evaluate changes in postoperative cough and recovery trajectory over time between the two groups for 12 months after surgery.
Results: The independent factors of postoperative cough included preoperative FENO levels [odds ratio (OR) 1.106, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.076–1.137, p < 0.001] and duration of anesthesia (OR 1.008, 95% CI: 1.002–1.013, p = 0.004). The low-FENO group reported significantly higher LCQ-MC scores at 1 month after surgery and returned to preoperative physical (28 vs. 91 days), psychological (28 vs. 60 days), social (28 vs. 80 days) and total (28 vs. 91 days) scores faster than the high-FENO group (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Higher preoperative FENO level and longer duration of anesthesia were independent risk factors related to postoperative cough. Additionally, patients with lower preoperative FENO levels had better cough-related quality of life and faster recovery from postoperative cough.
Analyses of the atmosphere and its dynamics using surface radon fluxes and MST radar
Authors: Kamsali Nagaraja , Subash Chakravarty S
Published: April 2024

An experiment was performed at Gadanki, India (13.5 N, 79.2 E) from October 17th to 22nd, 2011. The experiment involved measuring the concentration of atmospheric radon, as well as meteorological factors and MST radar signal strengths in tropo-stratosphere mode. The objective of this experiment was to examine the influence of convective activity on the vertical profiles of several parameters. A comparison has been conducted between the fluctuations of these parameters during the convective event that occurred on October 22, 2011, and data that is similar to that obtained on previous days. The results indicate a significant correlation between the upward movement of radon, the subsequent impact on the dispersion of water vapour, and the vertical structure of radar reflectivity and vertical winds. There has been a notable increase in the range of vertical wind at the period when convective activity was at its most advanced, and these observations are the first of this kind.
Demonstration of High-Temperature Superconducting Applied field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters
Authors: Zheng Jinxing , liu haiyang , Du Yifan , Aftab Hammad , Li Ming , Zhu Lei , Lu Yudong , Liu Fei , Tang Zhuoyao , Wang Luoqi , Wu Tao , Ke Maolin , Wu Meiqi , Shi Jiaming , Liu Yingchun , Wu Guoqiang , Li Shaoqian , Song Yuntao
Published: April 2024

Propelling the future of space exploration, electric propulsion stands as a transformative force, showcasing high efficiency, reliability, and environmental consciousness in comparison to conventional chemical propulsion. The applied field MPD thruster, as an electric propulsion device, can produce high thrust and impulse, provided that some known issues (such as cathode lifespan, cooling system, high payload, and theoretical challenges) hindering efficiency are addressed.
At the vanguard of our breakthroughs is introduction of a sterling cooling system, for High-Temperature Superconducting magnet for Applied field MPD thruster. This system replaces large helium tanks, thereby increasing the payload capacity for more efficient flight missions. Our primary focus on ensuring stability and boosting efficiency, marking a significant step forward in the world of space propulsion. The introduction of a rare earth-doped nano-cathode is a breakthrough in addressing the challenge of cathode lifespan within the Applied Field MPD thruster. Through the strategic infusion of rare earth materials into tungsten, we have successfully shattered the limitations on cathode lifespan, an impediment that has long hindered efficiency in Applied field MPD thrusters.
Our comprehensive theoretical model peels back the layers of complexity surrounding the Applied Field MPD thruster, offering profound insights. The interplay of plasma expansion within a magnetic nozzle geometry, set by the HTS magnet, unveils a discernible relationship between thrust and applied field strength. TSwirl emerges as the major conductor, orchestrating thrust at low mass flow rates. The story concludes with an experimental high note, where we achieve an awe-inspiring thrust of 283 mN at a mass flow rate of 20 mg/s. The pinnacle of our achievement, however, lies in the attainment of the highest specific impulse, reaching an astounding 3265 s at a mere 5 mg/s. Efficiency takes the spotlight with a remarkable 172% increase, surpassing the performance of a copper magnet in an equivalent configuration. This monumental success, achieved with argon propellant at a modest power input of 8 kW, heralds a paradigm shift in the efficiency of low-power Applied Field MPD thrusters.
Room-temperature hundred-μm quantum states in Cu(111)
Authors: Jeong Se-Young , Park Byung Cheol , Ha Taewoo , Kim Su Jae , Lee Yousil , Yun Changjin , Regmi Binod , Rhie Kungwon , Lee Kyujoon , Kim Jungdae , Choi Hak Soo , Kim Seong-Gon
Published: April 2024

The quantum state of matter, a platform of profound quantum physics, is coherent under extreme conditions, such as ultralow temperature and two-dimensional confinement. Herein, in contrast to conventional views, the Cu(111) grain boundary (GB)-free films show quantum states greater than 400 μm at room temperature (RT). We directly observe hundred-micrometre-scale coherence and interference in the Cu(111) quantum states across four dimensions over time, frequency, and space. This RT macroscopic quantum nature is observed via tip-assisted terahertz spectroscopy, enabling access to electrons in picoseconds before losing their coherence due to impurity scattering. The quantum edge and bulk electron states exhibiting ‘quantum oscillation’ are separately visualized under cross-polarization conditions at distinct frequencies: vortical edge charges at 0.2 THz and circulating bulk charges at 0.6 THz. Our findings highlight the combination of the lengthened coherence in GB-free noble metals; here, the quantum states are sustainable for over one year due to the oxidation resistance of GB-free Cu(111), and GB-free Cu(111) is an unprecedented room-temperature quantum platform.
Diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias using both Haemoglobin capillary zone electrophoresis and High performance liquid chromatography - An experience from a tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Ahuja Ankur , Venkatesan Somasundaram , Singhal Paresh , Singh Kanwaljeet , Kanaimparampil Michael John , Singh Vikram
Published: April 2024

Being an important cause of morbidity and mortality, thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies impose a heavy burden on families and the health sector in our country. It has has been estimated that in India, 0.37 per 1,000 fetuses have Hb disorder and more than 10,000 children are born annually with severe hemoglobinopathy and only around 10.0% are managed optimally, therefore screening and diagnosis of carriers is of paramount importance especially in an antenatal OPD.
While Haemoglobin capillary zone electrophoresis (HbCZE) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are commonly used methods for diagnosis of these entities, there are far and few studies which attempt to compare these two techniques. Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) constitutes less than 3% of the total hemoglobin (Hb) in adults and the determination of Hb A2 levels is important to diagnose the beta thalassemia trait (BTT). In some cases, the level of HbA2 is not typically elevated and some difficulties may arise in making the diagnosis and hence accurate assessment of HbA2 becomes of paramount importance. HPLC and HbCZE are considered acceptable methods to diagnose BTT but these vary in their accuracy and cut-offs. Complex elution patterns as well as co-elution of variants like HbA2, HbE, Hb Lepore, HbD Iran create difficulty in interpretation of HPLC plots.The aim of this study was to compare the results of HPLC and HbCZE technique for screening of clinically significant haemoglobin disorders. On comparing the HbA2 values the HPLC showed higher values for HbA2 with a median values as compared to HbCZE while when no variant was present, the Hb A2 concentrations showed excellent agreement. The Hb F, HbS measurement agreement was good between both methods. To conclude HPLC and HbCZE are complementary techniques and normal ranges and means normal values differ between different methods and different manufacturers and therefore it is important that each lab establish its own cut offs.
Gallic acid derived aza Michael adducts at diarylpropanone framework exhibit antiproliferative and synergistic antibacterial activities
Authors: Singh Sneha , Khan Sana , Kurmi Alka , Das Ranjana , Thapa Barsha , Rani Poonam , Khan Feroz , Saikia Dharmendra , Chanda Debabrata , Negi Arvind Singh
Published: April 2024

Development of resistance against most of the clinical antibiotics is a menace to their use in future. Present study aimed at design and synthesis of some microtubule dynamics modulators as antibacterial and anticancer agents. Eight diverse Aza Michael adducts were prepared at diarylpropenone core with desired motifs in 38–57% yields. Compound 6b showed significant antiproliferative activity against leukemic cell line K562. While compound 6h exhibited potent antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant S. epidermidis. In the checker board experiment 6h showed synergistic effect in combination of penicillin and also with norfloxacin, up to four-fold reduction in quantity of the antibiotic drug. Its effect was bacteriostatic as evident from time kill assay. The 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl motif induces antitubulin effect in Aza Michael adduct 6b for anticancer activity. Both the leads can further be optimized for better efficacy in future.
Dengue virus IgG and serotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers measured with standard and mature viruses are associated with protection
Authors: Katzelnick Leah , Odio Camila , Daag Jedas , Crisostomo Maria Vinna , Voirin Charlie , Escoto Ana Coello , Adams Cameron , Hein Lindsay Dahora , Aogo Rosemary , Mpingabo Patrick , Rodriguez Guillermo Raimundi , Firdous Saba , Fernandez Maria Abad , White Laura , Agrupis Kristal-An , Deen Jacqueline , de Silva Aravinda , Ylade Michelle
Published: April 2024

Recent work demonstrates the limitations of the standard dengue virus (DENV) neutralization assay to predict protection against dengue. We perform studies to compare how a commercial IgG ELISA, envelope domain III (EDIII) or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) binding antibodies, and titers from plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using reference standard and clinical mature viruses are associated with dengue disease. Healthy children (n = 1,206) in Cebu, Philippines were followed for 5 years. High ELISA values (≥3) were associated with reduced dengue probability relative to naïve children (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.008), but antibody binding EDIII or NS1 from each serotype had no association. High standard and mature geometric mean PRNT titers were associated with reduced dengue disease overall (p < 0.01), and high DENV2 and DENV3 titers in both assays provided protection against the matched serotype (p < 0.02). However, while 52% of dengue cases had standard virus PRNT titers > 100, only 2% of cases had mature virus PRNT titers > 100 (p < 0.001), indicating a lower, more consistent threshold for protection. Each assay may be useful for different purposes as correlates of protection in population and vaccine trials.
Enhancing Lung Function in COPD Patients using Nebulized Furosemide as an Adjunct therapy: A Triple-Blinded, Cross-Over RCT
Authors: Ragab Reham , Zaki Adel , Abdallah Alaa Eldeen , Shehata Gihan Mohammed , Elsayed Magda , Hameed Asmaa Abdel
Published: April 2024

Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a major global health burden. While most COPD trials focus on acute exacerbations, there is limited evidence in stable COPD. Prior research on nebulized furosemide was also predominantly in exacerbated COPD patients.
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the impact of adding nebulized furosemide as adjuvant therapy to conventional treatments in patients with very severe stable COPD.
Methods
We conducted a triple-blinded, crossover, randomized controlled trial at Alexandria University Hospital Chest Clinic. Patients with stable COPD were randomized to receive either nebulized furosemide or saline plus salbutamol-ipratropium, with crossover after a washout period. Spirometry was performed at baseline and after each treatment.
Results
92 patients completed the trial. Compared to saline, furosemide significantly improved FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Furosemide increased FVC by 9.42% versus 5.83% with saline (p < 0.001), with similar FEV1 improvements. The FEV1/FVC ratio increased by 3.32% with furosemide (p < 0.05) but not saline. Heart failure and smoking pack-years negatively impacted lung function.
Conclusions
In stable COPD, nebulized furosemide significantly enhances bronchodilation from salbutamol-ipratropium compared to saline. Furosemide could provide a good adjunctive therapy for stable COPD management.
Research on seismic response of museum cultural relics for shock absorption and seismic isolation
Authors: Huo Yiran , Liu Dewen , Guo Zhongfa , Li Hui , Luo Xiaoxuan , Lei Min
Published: April 2024

Museum cultural relics are valuable heritages of the development and change of the Chinese Nation over thousands of years, so the research on the protection of cultural relics is of great significance. In this paper, for the research on double shockproof of museums and cultural relics showcases in the museum, finite element models of the base fixed structure, base isolated structure and viscous fluid damper structure of the museum are established, model analysis and time-history analysis are carried out to compare the seismic effect of the three kinds of structures. At the same time, the fixed cultural relics showcase, isolated cultural relics showcase and viscous fluid damper cultural relics showcase are established, and the seismic response analysis is carried out by inputting seismic waves and floor waves of the museums to study the acceleration and displacement response of the showcase countertop. The results show that, compared with the base fixed structure and base isolated structure of the museum, the viscous fluid damper structure of the museum can better reduce the inter-story shear force, inter-story drift and the floor acceleration response of the structure, and more effectively consume the seismic energy input to the structure, with the most obvious effect of shock absorption and seismic isolation; relative to the base fixed structure and base isolated structure, under the action of floor waves of the viscous fluid damper structure of the museum, the isolated cultural relics showcase and viscous fluid damper cultural relics showcase for shock absorption and seismic isolation are very obvious, so the isolated cultural relics showcase and viscous fluid damper cultural relics showcase are placed in the viscous fluid damper structure of the museum, all can achieve the purpose of the double shockproof of the cultural relics.
Research on Hybrid Strategy Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Applications
Authors: Yao Jicheng , Luo Xiaonan , Li Fang , Dou Jundi , Luo Hongtai
Published: April 2024

The current original Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm faces challenges such as susceptibility to local optima, slow search speed, and low precision in local search. To address this, a hybrid strategy PSO algorithm (HSPSO) is proposed in this paper. This algorithm enhances global search capability and search speed while improving local search precision through methods like adaptive weight adjustment, reverse learning strategy, Cauchy mutation mechanism, and Hook-Jeeves strategy. HSPSO demonstrates excellent performance in comprehensive comparisons on benchmark functions. Furthermore, when applied to feature selection experiments on the arrhythmia dataset, the constructed HSPSO-FS model performs remarkably, reaffirming the effectiveness of HSPSO. The proposed HSPSO algorithm exhibits significant efficacy in optimization problems, offering an effective approach to tackling complex issues.
Forceps minor control of social behaviour
Authors: Hengerer Bastian , Stoller Franziska , Hinds Eleanor , Ionescu Tudor , Khatamsaz Elmira , Marston Hugh
Published: April 2024

The clinical work package of PRISM, a collaborative research project funded by the EU public-private Innovative Medicine Initiative, identified a transdiagnostic and pathophysiological relationship between default mode network (DMN) integrity and social dysfunction. For testing the causality between the quantitative variation in DMN integrity and social dysfunction, we developed a preclinical backtranslation approach for disturbing DMN integrity and applied cutting-edge technologies such as functional ultrasound imaging and automated analysis of social behaviour in groups of mice5. Here we show that focal demyelination in the DMN leads to a decrease in global DMN connectivity and subsequently to impaired social behaviour and increased anxiety in mice. Reversibility of these observations suggests that integrity of the forceps minor, a fibre tract connecting important regions of the DMN in the prefrontal brain, plays a significant role in social functioning. In summary, this back-translation study demonstrates a causal pathophysiological relationship between DMN integrity and social dysfunction. The findings can support precision psychiatry approaches for the development of effective treatment of social dysfunction.
Harnessing noncanonical trans-cleavage characteristics of Cas12 and Cas13a to enhance CRISPR-based diagnostics
Authors: Wu Qing , Yi Zhengfei , Li Haoran , Han Guoxin , Du Jianyong , Xiong Jingwei , Hu Keping , Gao Hai
Published: April 2024

Cas12 and Cas13 are extensively utilized in molecular diagnostics for their trans-cleavage activities, yet their activation characteristics remain partially understood. Here, we conduct an in-depth investigation of Cas12a, Cas12f1, and Cas13a, uncovering the characteristics of their trans-DNase and trans-RNase activities with noncanonical activators. Our findings reveal that DNA can serve as a direct target for CRISPR-Cas13a, markedly increasing the detection sensitivity for single-base mismatches. Moreover, the trans-cleavage activities of Cas12a and Cas13a can be activated by diverse RNA:DNA and RNA:RNA duplexes, respectively, indicating that the presence of stem-loop structures in crRNAs is not essential for their activation. Notably, Cas12f1, unlike Cas12a, exhibits intrinsic RNase activity independently of activation. Leveraging these insights, we have improved the accuracy of a dual-gene target detection approach that employs the CRISPR-Cas12f1 and Cas13a systems. Our research advances the understanding of the noncanonical activation characteristics of Cas12 and Cas13a, contributing to the field of CRISPR-based diagnostics.
SETD2 as an epigenetic sentinel of transcriptional fidelity in cardiomyocytes: a mechanistic link to heart failure
Authors: Chang Jiang , Luo Weijia , Chen Zhishi , Yi Xin , Dai Yuan , Yu Wei , Jensen Garrett , Wang Zhongjing , Wang Xinjie , Tao Ye , Du Xiao , Ramos Kenneth , Youker Keith
Published: April 2024

Epigenetic modulations are pivotal in heart disease progression, yet the specific influence of epigenetic alterations on transcription initiation and elongation in heart failure (HF) is poorly understood. This study focuses on the SETD2-H3K36me3 axis, a key conserved regulator of transcriptional initiation fidelity. We found that SETD2 and H3K36me3 levels were significantly decreased in failing human and mouse hearts, coinciding with a profound increase in cryptic transcripts. Cardiac-specific Setd2 knockout (KO) caused progressive HF in the mice. By comprehensive multi-omics sequencing and functional assessments, we demonstrated that SETD2 deficiency led to substantial increases in unannotated intragenic transcription and translation initiation events, resulting in the emergence of aberrant transcripts and an accumulation of micropeptides, therefore, exacerbating cardiac function. Conversely, overexpressing SETD2 protected the heart from pressure overload-induced HF and attenuated cryptic transcript accumulation, suggesting that maintaining transcription integrity is crucial for heart health. Our findings reveal a novel association between transcription fidelity disruption and HF, offering potential new directions for therapeutic intervention.
Universal Hydrogel Adhesives with Robust Chain Entanglement for Bridging Soft Electronic Materials
Authors: Seo Jungmok , Jo Yejin , Lee Yurim , Heo Jeong Hyun , Son Yeonzu , Kim Tae Young , Park Kijun , Kim Soye , Jin Yoonhee , Park Seongjun
Published: April 2024

Ensuring stable integration of diverse soft electronic components for reliable operation under dynamic conditions is crucial. However, integrating soft electronics, comprising various materials like polymers, metals, and hydrogels, poses challenges due to their different mechanical and chemical properties. This study introduces a dried-hydrogel adhesive made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and tannic acid multilayers (d-HAPT), which integrates soft electronic materials through moisture-derived chain entanglement. d-HAPT is a thin (~ 1µm) and highly transparent (over 85% transmittance in the visible light region) adhesive, showing robust bonding (up to 3.6 MPa) within a short time (< 1 min). d-HAPT demonstrates practical application in wearable devices, including a hydrogel touch panel and strain sensors. Additionally, the potential of d-HAPT for use in implantable electronics is demonstrated through in vivo neuromodulation and electrocardiographic recording experiments while confirming its biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. It is expected that d-HAPT will provide a reliable platform for integrating soft electronic applications.
Exploring the causality between gut microbiota and esophageal carcinoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lu Bingxiao , Zuo Xiangzeng , Deng Jie , Gong Xiaoyu , Wu Na , Li Yunxia , Zheng Jinping , Li Junjie , Lv Dongjin
Published: April 2024

Background
Esophageal cancer is a common tumor of upper gastrointestinal tract. However, the increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota are closely related to the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer, the causal association between gut microbiota and esophageal cancer remains to be determined. As a consequence, in this paper, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to evaluate and explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and the risk of esophageal cancer, and identify specific pathogenic bacterial taxa.
Methods
Genetic instrumental variables for gut microbiota were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 18,340 participants, esophageal cancer as the outcome variable was identified from a GWAS including 1091 cases and 410,350 controls. Using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis, and further (using) the weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, MR multi-directional residuals, and outlier tests were further performed to improve the robustness of the results.
Results
The IVW results showed that genus.DefluviitaleaceaeUCG011 (OR = 3.124, 95%CI 1.388–7.031, P = 0.006), genus.LachnospiraceaeUCG008 (OR = 3.964,95%CI 1.463–10.740, P = 0.007), family.Pasteurellaceae.id.3689(OR = 2.022, 95%CI 1.046 − 3.909, P = 0.036)and order.Pasteurellales.id.3688༈OR = 2.022, 95%CI1.046 − 3.909, P = 0.036༉showing a positive causal relationship between gut microbiota and esophageal cancer.Conversely,genus.Peptococcus(OR = 0.525, 95% CI 0.286–0.961,P = 0.037) ,genus.Ruminiclostridium5(OR = 0.117,95%CI0.0310.442,P = 0.002),genus.RuminococcaceaeUCG009 ༈OR = 0.350, 95%CI 0.157 − 0.777, P = 0.01༉and genus.Ruminococcus1༈OR = 0.341, 95%CI 0.118 − 0.985, P = 0.047༉showed a negative causal relationship with esophageal cancer. No significant heterogeneity was found in the instrumental variable or horizontal pleiotropy.
Conclusions
Our MR analysis study revealed that the gut microbiota was causally associated with esophageal cancer and the risk of esophageal cancer, and also identified eight bacterial taxa with a causal relationship with the development and progression of esophageal cancer.That may be useful in providing new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of microbiota-mediated cancer.
Analysis and comparison of blood metabolome of forest musk deer in musk secretion and non- secretion periods
Authors: Wang Yufan , Yang Pengcheng , Chen Taoyue , Hu Jingyao , An Xian , Wang Yufan , Liu Shuqiang
Published: April 2024

Musk is an important animal product, but the musk secretion mechanism of forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii) is still unclear. The musk synthesis process in forest musk deer is extremely complex, and many raw materials are directly or indirectly derived from forest musk deer blood.In this study, metabolomics was used to analyze the blood of forest musk deer in secretory and non-secretory phases for the first time, aim at explaining the secretion mechanism from the perspective of blood metabolism. We found that P450-related, choline-related, axonal regeneration and other pathways and related metabolites were significantly enriched during the musk secretion of forest musk deer. These pathways and metabolites related to P450 and choline in blood may have important implications for the mechanism of musk secretion in forest musk deer, because blood components were closely related to musk components and could provide raw materials for musk synthesis in musk gland cells.
Cryo-EM analysis of Pseudomonas phage Pa193 structural components
Authors: Cingolani Gino , Iglesias Stephano , Hou Chun-Feng , Lemire Sebastien , Soriaga Angela , Kyme Pierre
Published: April 2024

The World Health Organization has designated Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a critical pathogen for the development of new antimicrobials. Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, have been used in various clinical settings, commonly called phage therapy, to address this growing public health crisis. Here, we describe a high-resolution structural atlas of a therapeutic, contractile-tailed Pseudomonas phage, Pa193. We used bioinformatics, proteomics, and cryogenic electron microscopy single particle analysis to identify, annotate, and build atomic models for 21 distinct structural polypeptide chains forming the icosahedral capsid, neck, contractile tail, and baseplate. We identified a putative scaffolding protein stabilizing the interior of the capsid 5-fold vertex. We also visualized a large portion of Pa193 ~ 500 Å long tail fibers and resolved the interface between the baseplate and tail fibers. The work presented here provides a framework to support a better understanding of phages as biomedicines for phage therapy and inform engineering opportunities.
Additive Manufacturing and Mechanics of Mathematically-generated Meta-structures
Authors: Huffman Brandon , Singh Anil , Koohbor Behrad , Youssef George
Published: April 2024

Advancements in additive manufacturing coincide with the influx of assiduous research in realizing complex structures using printable composite materials with tunable properties. In this research, photocurable resins with a broad range of mechanical properties were hybridized with ceramic particles to alter the overall response. The newly formulated printable resins comprised up to 20 wt.% glass microballoons, balancing between the tunability of the composite properties and manufacturability. The compressive and tensile bulk properties were first assessed using additively manufactured samples tested under quasi-static loading. Supplementary digital image correlation (DIC) was used to resolve the strain fields, revealing insights about the mechanical behavior and failure modes as a function of reinforcement weight ratio. Despite the expected hyperelastic constitutive behavior and shared macromolecular composition, the neat and hybridized photocurable resins exhibited distinctive mechanical behavior, leading to the characterization of the dynamic properties as a function of temperature to ascertain the underpinnings of respective responses. To demonstrate the utility of newly formulated printable composite resins, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures were also manufactured using the vat photopolymerization approach. The printed structures were tested under compression at a quasi-static loading rate. The DIC-resolved strains revealed the underlying structural mechanics as a function of the material properties. This case study correlates the mechanics governing particulate-reinforced elastomers with the observed variations in strain development, stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and specific energy absorption for TPMS structures. The outcomes of this research reveal the potential for tunable, 3D printed sports gear for impact mitigation in various biomechanical loading conditions.