bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-energy dissipation mechanisms in supramolecular hydrogels with fast and slow relaxation modes
Authors: Konishi Subaru , Park Junsu , Urakawa Osamu , Osaki Motofumi , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu , Harada Akira , Inoue Tadashi , Matsuba Go , Takashima Yoshinori
Published: August 2022

The proper combination of slow and fast relaxation components is important in the design of supramolecular hydrogels on toughness. Two kinetically distinct reversible cross-links via host–guest complexations realizes wide relaxation modes.
Adsorption of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles at the oil–water interface: effect of charged end-groups on interfacial rheology
Authors: Chan Derek H. H. , Hunter Saul J. , Neal Thomas J. , Lindsay Christopher , Taylor Philip , Armes Steven P.
Published: August 2022

Dynamic surface tension and interfacial rheology studies of a series of model minimally charged sterically-stabilized block copolymer nanoparticles indicate that neutral nanoparticles are more strongly adsorbed at the n-dodecane/water interface.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of stoichiometric hard tungsten tetraboride, WB4
Authors: Bykova Elena , Ovsyannikov Sergey V. , Bykov Maxim , Yin Yuqing , Fedotenko Timofey , Holz Hendrik , Gabel Stefan , Merle Benoit , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Goncharov Alexander F. , Dubrovinsky Leonid
Published: August 2022

Hard stoichiometric WB4 is synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.
Near-infrared photothermally enhanced catalysis for benzene hydroxylation
Authors: Wang Gengxin , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: August 2022

β-Cyclodextrin-modified gold nanorods bearing near infrared photothermal and phase-transfer properties were synthesized to improve the Fenton reaction for the hydroxylation of benzene.
Layer-by-layer construction of zwitterionic/biguanide polymers on silicone rubber as an antifouling and bactericidal coating
Authors: Peng Wan , Fan Birong , Li Youxin , Dong Yaning , Qian Weijian , Ji Xiaoxue , Gan Donglin , Liu Pingsheng , Shen Jian
Published: August 2022

Layer-by-layer construction of antifouling/bactericidal coatings on silicone rubber.
Effect of Hofmeister ions on the spectro- and electrochemical performance of PANI
Authors: Tomšík Elena , Kohut Olena , Ivanko Iryna , Šeděnková Ivana , Szabó Ondrej , Dragounová Kateřina , Kromka Alexander
Published: August 2022

PANI nanofibrils were electrochemically synthesized in the presence of Hofmeister ions and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were studied in 1 M Al(ClO4)3 aqueous solution. PANI film has coloration efficiency of 102.7 cm2 C−1 at 633 nm.
Processing DNA lesions during mitosis to prevent genomic instability
Authors: Audrey Anastasia , de Haan Lauren , van Vugt Marcel A.T.M. , de Boer H. Rudolf
Published: August 2022

Failure of cells to process toxic double-strand breaks (DSBs) constitutes a major intrinsic source of genome instability, a hallmark of cancer. In contrast with interphase of the cell cycle, canonical repair pathways in response to DSBs are inactivated in mitosis. Although cell cycle checkpoints prevent transmission of DNA lesions into mitosis under physiological condition, cancer cells frequently display mitotic DNA lesions. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of how mitotic cells process lesions that escape checkpoint surveillance. We outline mechanisms that regulate the mitotic DNA damage response and the different types of lesions that are carried over to mitosis, with a focus on joint DNA molecules arising from under-replication and persistent recombination intermediates, as well as DNA catenanes. Additionally, we discuss the processing pathways that resolve each of these lesions in mitosis. Finally, we address the acute and long-term consequences of unresolved mitotic lesions on cellular fate and genome stability.
An efficient distributed algorithm for economic dispatch considering communication asynchrony and time delays
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Guo , Li Huaqing
Published: August 2022

The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) to power grids has fostered the emergence of advanced control technologies for energy management. This study focuses on distributed solutions to economic dispatch considering asynchrony and non‐ideal communications. A distributed consensus‐based algorithm is developed for general directed networks, where heavy‐ball momentum is incorporated into the algorithm design to accelerate convergency. Subsequently, an asynchronous version is proposed based on a general asynchronous communication model with unpredictable, non‐uniform, and bounded time delays. Without a global clock in conventional synchronous distributed algorithms, distributed generators (DGs) are allowed to exchange information through local communications at any moment and use out‐sync information to execute new updates. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and verify its robustness against time delays.
An automatic plant leaf stoma detection method based on YOLOv5
Authors: Li Xin , Guo Siyu , Gong Linrui , Lan Yuan
Published: August 2022

The stomata on the leaf surface are mainly responsible for the material exchange between the internal and external environments of the plant, a large number of methods have been proposed to automatically measure the distribution position and number of stomatal, but few methods could achieve both stomatal count and open/closed‐state judgment. Therefore, this study proposes an automatic detection method for leaf stomatal morphology analysis based on an attention mechanism and deep learning. In order to obtain more stomatal feature information and send it to the network for learning, the proposed method adds a coordinate attention (CA) mechanism to the YOLOV5 backbone part. At the same time, in order to avoid the overfitting of the model during the training process, the authors added the training trick of label smoothing. Finally, the detection ability of the proposed method for stomata is verified on the broad bean leaves stomata dataset. The experimental results show that our method achieves a detection accuracy of 0.934 and an mAP of 0.968. By comparing with other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, the detection capability of our method has been significantly improved. The generalization of the model is verified on the wheat leaf stomatal dataset. The experimental results show that our method can achieve a detection accuracy of 0.894 and an mAP of 0.907.
Infrastructure camera calibration with GNSS for vehicle localisation
Authors: Ojala Risto , Vepsäläinen Jari , Pirhonen Jesse , Tammi Kari
Published: August 2022

Intelligent transportation and smart city applications are currently on the rise. In many applications, diverse and accurate sensor perception of vehicles is crucial. Relevant information could be conveniently acquired with traffic cameras, as there is an abundance of cameras in cities. However, cameras have to be calibrated in order to acquire position data of vehicles. This paper proposes a novel automated calibration approach for partially connected vehicle environments. The approach utilises Global Navigation Satellite System positioning information shared by connected vehicles. Corresponding vehicle Global Navigation Satellite System locations and image coordinates are utilised to fit a direct transformation between image and ground plane coordinates. The proposed approach was validated with a research vehicle equipped with a Real‐Time Kinematic‐corrected Global Navigation Satellite System receiver driving past three different cameras. On average, the camera estimates contained errors ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 m, when compared to the Global Navigation Satellite System positions of the vehicle. Considering the vast lengths of the overlooked road sections, up to 140 m, the accuracy of the camera‐based localisation should be adequate for a number of intelligent transportation applications. In future, the calibration approach should be evaluated with fusion of stand‐alone Global Navigation Satellite System positioning and inertial measurements, to validate the calibration methodology with more common vehicle sensor equipment.
Hints of a universal width–energy relation for classified fast radio bursts
Authors: Xiao Di , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: August 2022

The total available sample of fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been growing steadily in recent years, facilitating the study of FRBs from a statistical point of view. At the same time, the classification of FRBs is currently an imperative issue. We propose that the brightness temperature of bursts can serve as an ideal criterion for classification. In this work, we gather the available data for all localized FRBs and we find a positive relation between the intrinsic pulse width and burst energy, Ti ∝ Eν0.25, for three repeating FRBs that is similar to that of our previous work using FRB 20121102A data alone. The critical line TB, cri is found to vary for different FRBs, which may reflect the differences in source properties. This relation can put strong constraints on mainstream radiation mechanisms. It is evident that neither the coherent curvature radiation or synchrotron maser radiation have the capability to reach the high brightness temperature required to reproduce this relation.
Trapping (sub-)Neptunes similar to TOI-216b at the inner disk rim
Authors: Chrenko O. , Chametla R. O. , Nesvorný D. , Flock M.
Published: August 2022

Context. The occurrence rate of observed sub-Neptunes has a break at 0.1 au, which is often attributed to a migration trap at the inner rim of protoplanetary disks where a positive co-rotation torque prevents inward migration.

Aims. We argue that conditions in inner disk regions are such that sub-Neptunes are likely to open gaps, lose the support of the co-rotation torque as their co-rotation regions become depleted, and the trapping efficiency then becomes uncertain. We study what it takes to trap such gap-opening planets at the inner disk rim.

Methods. We performed 2D locally isothermal and non-isothermal hydrodynamic simulations of planet migration. A viscosity transition was introduced in the disk to (i) create a density drop and (ii) mimic the viscosity increase as the planet migrated from a dead zone towards a region with active magneto-rotational instability (MRI). We chose TOI-216b as a Neptune-like upper-limit test case, but we also explored different planetary masses, both on fixed and evolving orbits.

Results. For planet-to-star mass ratios q ≃ (4–8) × 10−5, the density drop at the disk rim becomes reshaped due to a gap opening and is often replaced with a small density bump centred on the planet's co-rotation. Trapping is possible only if the bump retains enough gas mass and if the co-rotation region becomes azimuthally asymmetric, with an island of librating streamlines that accumulate a gas overdensity ahead of the planet. The overdensity exerts a positive torque that can counteract the negative torque of spiral arms. Under suitable conditions, the overdensity turns into a Rossby vortex. In our model, efficient trapping depends on the a viscosity and its contrast across the viscosity transition. In order to trap TOI-216b, αDZ = 10−3 in the dead zone requires αMRI ≳ 5 × 10−2 in the MRI-active zone. If αDZ = 5 × 10−4, αMRI ≳ 7.5 × 10−2 is needed.

Conclusions. We describe a new regime of a migration trap relevant for massive (sub-)Neptunes that puts valuable constraints on the levels of turbulent stress in the inner part of their natal disks.
THA in patients with neglected acetabular fractures
Authors: Singh Ashish , Telagareddy Kartheek , Kumar Purushotam , Singh Sushil , Singh Rabindra Narain , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) outcomes in patients with neglected acetabular fractures are less favourable compared to THA for osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis. These poorer clinical outcomes are largely due to an unexpected bone deficiency, and the procedure is more time-consuming and complicated for cases that require acetabular reconstruction and bone grafting. The clinical outcomes of THA in neglected acetabular fractures are not often studied. Methods: This study is a retrospective single surgeon series of THA for 51 neglected acetabular fractures in 49 patients treated with THA alone, open reduction and internal fixation with THA, or acetabular defect reconstruction THA. Our series aims to focus on the surgical technique and describe the functional and radiological outcomes of neglected acetabular fractures treated with different THA approaches by a single surgeon. Results: Using the Harris Hip score at the mean long-term follow-up, there was a clear improvement in 90% of patients in the present study. The long-term results are encouraging in terms of clinical improvement, radiographic restoration of acetabular bone stock, and the centre of restoration. Discussion: The series shows that with proper planning and reconstruction using structural bone grafting techniques, a neglected fracture-dislocation with loss of structural support can be satisfactorily treated using primary components alone. Bony reconstruction and use of primary cementless components ensure long-term survival and preserve bone stock for an easier revision of THA, if necessary, in the future.
Supermicrosurgical Experience pertaining to Replantation of Tamai
Zone 1 Fingertip Amputations
Authors: Pamuk Çağdaş
Published: August 2022

With the advent of supermicrosurgery, the replantation of very distal finger
amputations has become possible. The choice between replantation or flap
surgeries in the treatment of Tamai Zone I finger amputations continues to be a
matter of debate. This study aims to evaluate replantation results in Tamai Zone
1 finger amputations. The demographic characteristics and clinical results of 39
patients undergoing replantation for a Tamai Zone 1 finger amputation between
2018 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The Cold Intolerance Severity Score
(CISS), two-point discrimination test (2-PD) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm,
Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) were calculated and recorded after a minimum
follow-up period of 6 months. The great majority of patients were males
(92.3%, n=36) who had suffered the injuries during work
accidents (89.7%, n=35). The socioeconomic status of the
patients showed a homogeneous distribution. Replant survival was achieved in
69.2% (n=27) of all fingers. The duration of the surgical
procedure in patients who underwent vein repair was significantly longer
(p<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between vein
repair and survival rate (p=0.348). This study shows that replantation
is a surgical intervention that should be given priority in patients with Tamai
Zone 1 amputations. In most cases of unsuccessful replantation, secondary
recovery results are also acceptable. Future studies with larger case series are
needed.
Evaluation of Anatomical Variations with Morphological Measurements and Their Relationship to Meniscal Injury and Ligament Damage
Authors: Oğuzdoğan Gülşen Yücel , Arslan Fatma Zeynep
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to reveal the anatomical risk factors for anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL and PCL) injuries and menisci injury. We aim to investigate whether there are significant relationships between tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, patella angle, trochlear sulcus angle (TSA), trochlear groove depth (TGD), medial and lateral trochlea length (MT and LT), MT/LT ratio, lateral patellar tilt angle (LPTA), patella-patellar tendon angle (P-PTA), quadriceps-patellar tendon angle (QPA), Insall-Salvati index (ISI), medial and lateral trochlear inclination (MTI and LTI) measurements and important common pathologies such as ACL, PCL, medial and lateral meniscal injuries (MM and LM), peripatellar fat pad edema, chondromalacia, and effusion. Thus, the mechanisms of injury will be better understood by revealing important anatomical variations for meniscus and ligament damage. Three hundred eighty patients with knee magnetic resonance imaging examination were included in this study. Our patients who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging were divided into groups according to the presence of MM tear, LM tear, ACL tear, PCL tear, peripatellar fat pad edema, chondromalacia and effusion. TT-TG distance, patella angle, TSA, TGD, MT, LT, MT/LT ratio, LPTA, P-PTA, QPA, ISI, MTI, and LTI were measured. In patients with ACL tear, age, LT, ML/LT ratio, and QPA measurements were found to be significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the participants' LPTA value and the presence of ACL tear, MM and LM injury. MT and ML/LT ratio were found to be significantly lower in the group with MM tear (p <0.001). The TT-TG distance was found to be significantly lower in the group with LM tear. Increased age, LT, ML/LT ratio, and QPA are predisposed risk for ACL tear. Decreased MT and ML/LT ratio are among the risk factors for MM tear. The anatomical variations are associated with ligament and meniscal injury.
Posttraumatic Headache
Authors: Heinzelmann Morgan , Woods Christine , Vargas Bert B. , Stokes Mathew
Published: August 2022

Posttraumatic headache (PTH) is the most common secondary headache disorder, accounting for approximately 4% of all headache disorders. It is the most common symptom following concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and can be debilitating for many who have persistent symptoms. With a recent increase in public awareness regarding traumatic brain injury, there has been a corresponding increase in PTH research. The pathophysiology of PTH remains poorly understood and the underlying mechanisms are likely multifactorial. Diagnosis of PTH is dependent on a temporal relationship to a head injury. PTH often resembles common primary headache phenotypes. Treatment of PTH utilizes known treatments for these other headache phenotypes, as there is no currently approved treatment specifically for PTH. Moving forward, further studies are needed to better define and validate the definition of PTH, understand the underlying pathophysiology, and find more specific treatments.
Outcome of Inducing Labor in Pregnancies with Suspected Fetal Growth Restriction: Oxytocin Discontinuation during the Active Phase of Labor versus Conventional Management
Authors: Iwai Sayuri , Mimura Kazuya , Endo Masayuki , Kawanishi Yoko , Miyake Tatsuya , Hiramatsu Kosuke , Kimura Toshihiro , Tomimatsu Takuji , Kimura Tadashi
Published: August 2022

Objective Although fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery during induced labor, there is limited evidence to guide labor management. This study aimed to investigate the prognosis of induced labor in pregnancies with suspected FGR and whether oxytocin discontinuation during the active phase of labor affects maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study investigated singleton pregnancies with vertex presentation and indications for labor induction owing to FGR after 34.0 weeks of gestation at Osaka University Hospital. From January 2010 to December 2013, women were conventionally managed, and oxytocin was continued until delivery unless there was an indication for discontinuation (conventional management group). From January 2013 to December 2020, oxytocin was routinely discontinued, or the dose was reduced at the beginning of the active phase of labor (oxytocin discontinuation group).

Results A total of 161 women (conventional management group, n = 74; oxytocin discontinuation group, n = 87) were included. After the active phase of induced labor, the total incidence of cesarean delivery was very low (3.1%), and the duration was short (173 ± 145 minutes). Oxytocin discontinuation was associated with lower cesarean delivery (1.1 vs. 5.4%; p = 0.12) and uterine tachysystole (9.8 vs. 23.0%; p = 0.08) rates and longer duration of the second stage of labor (mean: 56.5 ± 90 vs. 34.2 ± 45 minutes; p = 0.08) than conventional management; however, the difference was not significant. The other maternal and neonatal outcomes, including postpartum hemorrhage, did not also significantly differ between them.

Conclusion After the active phase of induced labor for suspected FGR, the risk of cesarean delivery is low, and the high incidence of uterine tachysystole and rapid labor progression should be considered cautiously. Oxytocin can be safely discontinued during the active phase of labor in women undergoing labor induction for FGR without an increased risk of cesarean delivery or other unfavorable outcomes.

Key Points
Use of Polymer-Supported 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)pyridine in a Formal Conjugate Addition/Elimination Mediated by an N-Ylide Generated In Situ for the Construction of Highly Functionalized Itaconimides/Alkenes
Authors: Saha Suman K. , Jain Anshul , Rana Nirmal K. , Kumari Akanksha , Bhutia Tshering Sangmo , Agrawat Chanchal
Published: August 2022

A simple, mild, and metal-free cascade reaction has been developed for the construction of highly functionalized olefins. The approach relies on the initial formation of [3+2]-cycloadducts from a pyridinium ylide generated in situ from polymer-bound DMAP (PS-DMAP) with an N-substituted maleimide or an α,β-unsaturated β-keto ester. The cycloadduct decomposes to regenerate supported DMAP and yield a functionalized itaconimide or olefin. The method has a broad substrate scope. The alkene product has been further transformed into trisubstituted furan. PS-DMAP could be reused for five cycles.
Ultralong C(sp3)–C(sp3) Single Bonds Shortened and Stabilized by London Dispersion
Authors: Shimajiri Takuya , Ishigaki Yusuke , Kawakami Yuta , Kawaguchi Soki , Hayashi Yuki , Hada Kazuto , Suzuki Takanori
Published: August 2022

A carbon–carbon (C–C) single bond longer than 1.7 Å shows unique bond flexibility, even though a C–C single bond is typically rigid and robust. We report here that the bond length of flexible C–C single bonds surrounded by bulky alkyl groups in novel hexaphenylethane-type hydrocarbons might be affected by weak noncovalent interactions, such as London dispersion. Thanks to London dispersion, an ultralong and flexible C–C single bond exhibits an obvious bond contraction. X-ray analyses and Raman spectroscopy provided direct information regarding the bond length and strength, whereas density functional theory calculations explained the bond contraction driven by London dispersion. The change in bond length of an extremely elongated flexible C–C bond would be a good probe for quantifying weak interactions that are usually difficult to detect.
Pancreatic Neoplasms: CT Evaluation of the Uncommon Presentations of Common Lesions and Common Presentations of the Uncommon Lesions!
Authors: Deshpande Sneha Satish , Joshi Anagha Rajeev , Mankar Diksha
Published: August 2022

Pancreatic masses are commonly encountered entities in radiology practice. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are the commonest pancreatic malignancies that typically present as infiltrative hypodense focal masses in the pancreatic head, which are hypoattenuating to the pancreatic parenchyma on pancreatic parenchymal and venous phases. However, there are various atypical imaging features of PDACs that create a diagnostic dilemma like tumor in body or tail, diffuse glandular involvement, isoattenuating tumors, cystic changes, or calcifications. Also, few relatively uncommon pancreatic malignancies like pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, cystic pancreatic tumors, pancreatic lymphoma, and pancreatic metastases present with overlapping features. Accurate radiological characterization of pancreatic masses is important for optimal management and prognostication. Thus, it is imperative for radiologists to be aware of all the uncommon presentations of common pancreatic lesions and common presentations of uncommon pancreatic lesions to avoid erroneous interpretations and establishing the correct diagnosis.
Imaging Artifacts on Synthesized Mammogram: What a Radiologist should Know!
Authors: Gulati Shrea , Dhamija Ekta , Anand Roshni
Published: August 2022

Synthesized mammogram is a new technique that involves reconstruction of a two-dimensional (2D) image from the tomosynthesis images rather than separate acquisition of a standard 2D mammogram. The advent of a synthesized mammogram (s2D) has helped in reducing radiation exposure. The technique of back projection used in reconstruction makes the appearance of these images different from a standard 2D mammogram. Because this is a relatively new technique, it is associated with a learning curve. Hence, it is important for the new radiologists and technicians to be aware of certain common artifacts encountered while using s2D images, which may hinder interpretation. In this pictorial review, we would like to highlight the common artifacts encountered while reading synthesized mammographic images.
Comparison of Ultrashort TE Lung MRI and HRCT Lungs for Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Oncology Patients
Authors: Periaswamy Gopinath , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Varatharajaperumal Rajeshkumar , Kalyan Gobi , Selvaraj Rajesh , Mehta Pankja , Cherian Mathew
Published: August 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the detection rate of pulmonary nodules in ultrashort echo time (UTE) lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare it with computed tomography (CT) in oncology patients.

Materials and Methods All individuals undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy/regular follow-up or visiting the oncology department and referred to radiology department for nodule detection, during the period of 1 year, were subjected to UTE lung MRI using the sequence Flash 3d_spiralvibe coronal 1.25 mm iso and high-resolution CT lungs and the images were analyzed.

Results Among the total number of nodules detected in both lungs of all patients, nodules detected by CT were 241, and nodules detected by MRI were 212. The nodule detection rate by MRI was 87.96%. The detection rate of nodules for size equal to or more than 5 mm was nearly 100%. For nodules less than 5 mm, and equal to or more than 4 mm, MRI showed a comparable detection rate of 75%, while for nodules less than 4 mm, the detection rate was only 25%.

Conclusion Our study results indicate that lung MRI had a near-complete detection rate for nodules equal to or more than 5 mm in size. Hence, in oncology patients who are undergoing regular follow-up of the lung nodules, lung MRI using UTE can replace low-dose CT, which in turn reduces the radiation dose to the patient.
Radio Frequency Ablation for the Treatment of Appendicular Skeleton Chondroblastoma: Is It an Excellent Alternative? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sulaiman Sarmad Rasheed Khalil , Al-Zubaidi Shadha Abobakr Mohammed , Sakrana Amal Abdelsattar
Published: August 2022

Radio frequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive technique that has become recognized in clinical practice for treating chondroblastoma, although curettage with bone graft is the standard treatment. Chondroblastoma is a locally aggressive cartilaginous bone tumor, representing nearly 5% of benign bone tumors. Chondroblastoma shows a preference toward the epiphysis or apophysis of long bones, but it was also reported in vertebrae and flat bones. The management of chondroblastoma could be challenging due to the risk to injure the epiphyseal plate or difficult location. The aim of this study was to determine if RFA is a suitable alternative to curettage with bone graft for the treatment of chondroblastoma. Moreover, there will be an evaluation of RFA's effectiveness in terms of symptoms relief; we also define the proper size of the lesion to be treated with RFA, and discuss the complications after the procedure, including the recurrence rate. Furthermore, we review the best imaging method to evaluate the therapeutic response of RFA and for the detection of residual disease early after the ablation. A comprehensive PubMed and Google Scholar search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 checklist guidelines. Ninety-seven patients were identified after reviewing the available full texts of nine articles. The results of the current review provide further evidence to support the use of RFA as an alternative option to surgery.
Lateral Femoral Condyle CRATER sign of BRIK an Ancillary Sign of Lateral Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Bhamidipaty Kanaka Durga Prasad , Botchu Rajesh
Published: August 2022

Introduction Acute lateral patellar dislocation is a common knee injury pattern. However, coincidental osseous defect may be present in normal knees.

Purpose Evaluate the characteristics of osseous bone defect and describe a new ancillary sign associated with lateral patellar dislocation.

Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 50 consecutive patients referred following a traumatic lateral patellar dislocation of the knee joint and 50 patients with knee pain without MR features of patellar dislocation were obtained for evaluation over a 7-year period. They were analyzed for location of bony defects in the periarticular region.

Results Of the 50 patients who underwent MRI following a reduced traumatic lateral patellar dislocation, 3 patients had an osseous “crater” of more than 2 mm in depth on the non-articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle. None of control group of patients had an osseous defect measuring more than 2 mm in depth.

Conclusion This associated finding of an osseous “crater” of more than 2 mm on the non-articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle following traumatic lateral patellar dislocation is a rare occurrence. We highlight this as an ancillary sign of lateral patellar dislocation necessitating careful evaluation (Crater sign of Bhamidipaty Rajesh Iyengar Kartik [BRIK]). The presence of lateral femoral condyle “CRATER” sign of BRIK on MRI undertaken for other reasons in the knee, in the absence of osseous edema may suggest a past episode of severe, reduced patellar dislocation.
Comparison study of high-sensitivity area-changed capacitive displacement transducers with low-impedance and high-impedance readout circuits
Authors: Xu Qiangwei , Wang Qiu , Wang Yongzhen , Yan Shitao , Liu Huafeng , Tu Liangcheng
Published: August 2022

Area-changed capacitive displacement transducers (CDTs) are widely used in the high-precision displacement measurement due to their high accuracy and large dynamic range. The preamplifier circuit is used to convert the capacitance variation signal into voltage, which requires low noise and is significant for the high-sensitivity area-changed CDTs. Current CDT preamplifiers are mainly categorized as the low-impedance preamplifier and the high-impedance preamplifier; however, their characteristics and application scopes have not been systematically compared. This paper builds comprehensive models of the low-impedance and the high-impedance preamplifiers. Then, three-electrode configurations with different electrode separations and gaps are designed to carry out displacement variation experiments with low-impedance and high-impedance readout circuits, respectively. The results show that the sensitivity decrease caused by the gap change with the high-impedance preamplifier is 70%, while the counterpart of the low-impedance preamplifier is 85%. When the gap is 0.1 mm and the width-to-separation ratio varies from 1:1 to 5:1, the sensitivity of the CDT based on the low-impedance preamplifier is increased by 64%, while the counterpart with the high-impedance preamplifier is increased by 22%. Hence, this paper gives the universal guiding rules of preamplification circuit selections for different CDT electrode configurations and application requirements. For a capacitive sensor design with large and unavoidable parasitic capacitance, the low-impedance preamplifier and a CDT with a large electrode width-to-separation ratio match best. For a capacitive sensor design requiring both a large sensitivity and good robustness to out-of-plane interferences, the high-impedance preamplifier and a CDT with a small electrode width-to-separation ratio match best.
The microscopic principle and traits on pulsed discharge of negative corona
Authors: Sui Jian , Liao Ruijin , Wang Cong , Liu Zhengguang , An Panlong
Published: August 2022

A systematic investigation of the dynamical behaviors and traits of negative corona discharge in pure oxygen is performed and the microscopic physical mechanism of the discharge is studied. In the meantime, a new dynamical model is presented, which can predict different discharge phases including steady-state discharge and periodic discharge of saw-tooth pulses. The change in the discharge outputs with time is analyzed comprehensively using the nonlinear dynamics method, and the Trichel pulsed oscillation and the dynamical characteristics are described. In addition, the positive ions impacting the cathode and the negative ions can be treated as feedback signals for maintaining pulsed discharge at the constant external excitation. It is found that the gas pressure levels significantly affect the discharge behaviors and the pulsed characteristics of charged particles and glow radiation. In particular, the microscopic mechanism of gas pressure level influencing the negative corona discharge is discovered. Meanwhile, the pulsed characteristics of the discharge outputs are studied, and an explanation of the microscopic formation mechanism of the symmetrical and asymmetrical jagged pulses of diverse outputs is given. It is revealed that the mass, migration speed, and migration time of various particles have a great influence on discharge behaviors.
Simulations of thermal phase changes and bacterial inactivation in a superheated steam dishwasher
Authors: Abu-Farah L. , Germann N.
Published: August 2022

The use of superheated steam in dishwashers as a means of reducing water consumption and cleaning time without the use of chemical cleaning agents has great future potential for the restaurants, hotels, and hospitals. In these sectors in particular, hygienic safety is an important concern in addition to the removal of food residues. To evaluate this potential application, the heat transfer and phase change characteristics of superheated steam associated with bacterial inactivation are investigated in an idealized three-dimensional dishwasher with a nozzle and a plate at a temperature of 180 °C and a pressure of 10 bar. Transient OpenFOAM simulations were performed using the interThermalPhaseChangeFoam solver. The k-omega shear stress transport turbulence model was used to capture the turbulent flow conditions. Bacteria inactivation was described using first-order Arrhenius kinetics. The flow pattern of the steam jet, the shape of the steam plume, the steam condensate, and the separation of the boundary layer are affected by the structure of the shock interaction, and vortices occur near the nozzle exit, around the perimeter of the plate, and on the side walls of the dishwasher. Strong steam shocks result in a temperature increase, higher steam condensation rate, and lower bacterial concentration on the plate surface. The bacteria on the plate surface are killed within a short time of 25 s, proving the effectiveness of superheated steam in dishwasher cleaning. This study provides a basis for future development and optimization of next-generation superheated steam dishwashers.
Research on high-precision pulse power supply
Authors: Zhu Qi , Dai Ling , Zhang Yuchen , Lin Fuchang
Published: August 2022

With the development of pulse power technology, higher technical requirements have been put forward for the pulse power supply system. How to improve the precision of power supply is the hotspot of current research. In this paper, a 20 kJ high-precision pulse power supply is established for study, consisting of a high energy storage pulse power capacitor (6420 μF/2.5 kV), a pulse forming inductor (2.73 μH/0.945 mΩ), a 4 in. thyristor, and 2 4 in. diodes. Three characteristic parameters (current peak Imax, rise time Tr, and pulse width Tw) are proposed to define the precision of the pulse power supply: Imax = 54 kA, Tr = 205 µs, and Tw = 1470 µs. According to the electrical parameters, the numerical expressions of the power supply precision are theoretically solved. This can guide the device screening and active temperature control scheme. Then, the active temperature control experiment of the high-precision pulse power supply was carried out. The results show that ΔImax is less than 1.2‰, ΔTr is less than 1.8‰, and ΔTw is less than 2.1‰, within the ambient temperature of 10–30 °C. The rated Īmax is different under different ambient temperatures. The extreme difference is 0.7 kA, and the error is 6.5‰. In addition, the life test of a high-precision pulsed power supply is carried out, which shows that the capacitance and inductance will decrease with the increase of rated discharge times. The change of capacitance is 1.19‰, and the change of inductance is 3.73‰. Finally, this high-precision pulse power supply has proved that the precision can reach a thousandth under the condition of active temperature control, and it is proposed that the precision of the power supply can be maintained by controlling parameters such as device temperature and discharge voltage.
Systematic research on gallium atom-doped neutral small- and medium-sized gas-phase magnesium clusters: A DFT study of GaMgn (n=2–12) clusters
Authors: Zhu Ben-Chao , Bao Lei , Deng Ping-Ji , Zeng Lu , Kang Wen-Bin , Guo Jia
Published: August 2022

Structure, stability, charge transfer, chemical bonding, and spectroscopic properties of Ga atom-doped neutral Mgn (n = 2–12) clusters have been systematically investigated by CALYPSO and density functional theory. All cluster structures are based on “tetrahedral” and “yurt-like” growth except for GaMg2. The ground state isomer of GaMg8 with high symmetry structure is predicted to be the best-fit candidate for the “magic” cluster because of its excellent stability. Natural bond orbital calculations reveal that Ga and Mg atoms play the role of electron acceptor and donor in all ground state isomers, while the orbitals in both Ga and Mg are sp-hybridized. Most importantly, chemical bonding studies based on atom-in-molecular theory have shown that the lowest-energy state of GaMg4 is so special, in that it has not only the critical size for the appearance of Mg–Mg covalent bonds, but also the only cluster that has both Ga–Mg covalent and non-covalent bonds. Finally, theoretical calculations of IR and Raman spectra of all ground state isomers indicate that the spectra of these clusters are observable in the low-frequency band, and thus they can be identified by spectroscopic experiments. Furthermore, the bond heterogeneity of the Ga–Mg in the GaMg4 ground state isomer has also been specifically investigated, including the fixed GaMg4 structure with Mg atoms added in different directions, as well as ab initio molecular dynamics sampling at different temperatures.
Effect of the tip clearance on tip leakage vortex and pressure fluctuation characteristics in a helico-axial flow multiphase pump
Authors: Wen Haigang , Lv Wenjuan , Shi Guangtai , Liu Zongku
Published: August 2022

Tip clearance inevitably exists in helico-axial flow multiphase pumps, which generates a great impact on flow characteristics. To select a reasonable tip clearance and improve the transporting efficiency, different tip clearances (Rtc = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) are chosen to investigate the flow behaviors and hydraulic characteristics. Based on the shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model, the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations are applied to solve the unsteady flow. Results show that when the tip clearance increases, the tip leakage vortex (TLV) near the tip gradually becomes obvious and the pressure fluctuation near the TLV also becomes larger. The spatial–temporal evolution is divided into three stages: split stage, contraction stage, and recurrence stage. Besides, the rotor–stator interaction is still the primary cause for the pressure fluctuation.
Low ferrimagnetic damping in Gd3Fe5O12 epitaxial films grown using pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Funada S. , Kan D. , Kuwano K. , Shiota Y. , Hisatomi R. , Moriyama T. , Shimakawa Y. , Ono T.
Published: August 2022

The magnetic damping constant is a proportionality constant for energy dissipation upon the precession of the magnetic moment, and it characterizes magnetization dynamics. In this study, ferrimagnetic Gd3Fe5O12 (111) epitaxial films are grown using pulsed laser deposition, and the temperature dependence of the ferrimagnetic resonance and damping constant (αFiM) is investigated. The results reveal that αFiM is approximately an order of magnitude smaller than those of other ferrimagnetic metals reported to date. Our results emphasize the potential of Gd3Fe5O12 films in ultralow-power spintronic applications.
A sodium bismuth titanate-based material with both high depolarization temperature and large pyroelectric response
Authors: He Shuang , Guo Shaobo , Cao Fei , Yao Chunhua , Wang Genshui
Published: August 2022

Practical pyroelectric materials require excellent pyroelectric performance, high depolarization temperature, and good temperature stability. In this work, the microstructure, ferroelectric, dielectric, and pyroelectric properties were studied systematically in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.1%MnCO3 (BNT–Mn) lead-free ceramics. It is observed that the pyroelectric coefficient p reaches 2.90 × 10−4 C m−2 K−1 at room temperature in the samples. Due to the low dielectric constant (291) and dielectric loss (0.010), the figures of merit (FoMs) Fi, Fv, and FD are as high as 1.03 × 10−10 m/V, 4.05 × 10−2 m2/C, and 1.86 × 10−5 Pa−1/2, measured at 1 kHz. With the increase in temperature, the p and FoMs change slightly, showing good temperature stability. More importantly, a relatively high depolarization temperature of 205 °C is achieved, which should help deliver reliable operation in practice. In general, all performances reveal that BNT–Mn ceramics are expected to pave the way for uncooled infrared detector applications.
A longitudinal-bending hybrid sandwich type ultrasonic actuator based on Lissajous curve driven trajectory: Design and performance evaluation
Authors: Yu Simiao , Liang Jiayu , Yang Wenzhong , Xu Dongmei , Xu Chao
Published: August 2022

Inspired by the Lissajous curve, a longitudinal-bending hybrid sandwich type ultrasonic actuator is proposed in this paper. Different from the traditional elliptical and linear driven trajectory, an “8” shaped Lissajous curve is used as a driven trajectory through the composition of longitudinal and bending vibration modes. The excitation signal of the ultrasonic actuator is formed by the superposition of two sinusoidal signals; thus, only a single channel driver is needed. The frequency ratio and the phase difference of the two sinusoidal signals are 2:1 and 0°, respectively. And, piezoelectric elements are sandwiched between the metal parts to excite the longitudinal and bending vibration modes. The working principle and design process of the proposed sandwich type ultrasonic actuator are presented. The desired longitudinal and bending vibration modes of the ultrasonic actuator are obtained by the finite element method. Then, the prototype is manufactured. The output performance is evaluated by experiments. The output velocity of the actuator can reach 59.70 rpm under an excitation voltage of 300 VP-P. This work provides a new sandwich type ultrasonic actuator based on the “8” shaped Lissajous driven trajectory by utilizing only one channel driver.
Interaction between a stationary sphere and turbulent flow in a boundary layer
Authors: Li Dong , Luo Kun , Zhao Hui , Shang Wenqiang , Fan Jianren
Published: August 2022

We investigate the interaction of a stationary sphere with turbulent flows in a spatially developing boundary layer over a flat plate by means of fully resolved direct numerical simulations. The diameter of the sphere D is much larger than the Kolmogorov length scale. The sphere Reynolds number ReD is changed by varying the sphere diameter, while the gap ratio is held constant with G/D=0.1, where G is the distance between the bottom of the sphere and the flat plate. The simulation results indicate that there exist complex interactions between the small-scale vortex in the wake of the sphere and the large-scale coherent structures inside the turbulent boundary layer. The jet-like flow through the gap is deflected away from the wall, and the level of deflection increases with ReD. As a result, asymmetrical flow structures are observed in the recirculation zone. In addition, the mean recirculation length is found to decrease with the increase in ReD. Concerning the turbulence modulation, statistics show that the skin-friction drag and boundary layer thickness are decreased in the recirculation region with respect to the undisturbed flow, whereas the displacement thickness is increased due to the presence of reverse flow. These effects become more pronounced as ReD increases. The budget of the turbulent kinetic energy in the sphere wake is also examined. It is revealed that the turbulent production and viscous dissipation rate are significantly enhanced under the effect of the sphere with size of the same order of magnitude as the local boundary layer thickness.
Theoretical quantum model of two-dimensional propagating plexcitons
Authors: Mosquera Martín A. , Marmolejo-Tejada Juan M. , Borys Nicholas J.
Published: August 2022

When plasmonic excitations of metallic interfaces and nanostructures interact with electronic excitations in semiconductors, new states emerge that hybridize the characteristics of the uncoupled states. The engendered properties make these hybrid states appealing for a broad range of applications, ranging from photovoltaic devices to integrated circuitry for quantum devices. Here, through quantum modeling, the coupling of surface plasmon polaritons and mobile two-dimensional excitons such as those in atomically thin semiconductors is examined with emphasis on the case of strong coupling. Our model shows that at around the energy crossing of the dispersion relationships of the uncoupled species, they strongly interact and polariton states—propagating plexcitons—emerge. The temporal evolution of the system where surface plasmon polaritons are continuously injected into the system is simulated to gain initial insight on potential experimental realizations of these states. The results show a steady state that is dominated by the lower-energy polariton. The study theoretically further establishes the possible existence of propagating plexcitons in atomically thin semiconductors and provides important guidance for the experimental detection and characterization of such states for a wide range of optoelectronic technologies.