bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Assessment Instrument Based on Scientific Literacy of the Motion of Living Things, Structure and Function of Plant Tissues for Class VIII SMP
Authors: Sari Annisa Duma
Published: August 2021

Science as one of the subject in the 2013 curiculum demands the development of students’ scientific literacy. The measurement of scientific literacy of Indonesian students conducted by PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) is still relatively low. This can be caused by the process and the assessment instruments used today are dominated by low cognitive demands so that they have not been able to develop students’ high level order thingking. This research aims to develop assessment instruments based on scientific literacy of the motion of living things, structure and function of plant tissues for class VIII SMP. This development research using the Plomp model which consists of preliminary research phase, development or prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The subjects were 39 students of class IX SMP Negeri 8 Padang. The results showed that validity was logically stated to be very valid with an average 86.55% and valid according to empirical validity of 76.78%. Based on practicalities are very high with value of 88.75%  from teachear and of 88.94% from students. The reability shows a very high category with 0.81 for multiple choice question and a moderate category of 0.59 for true-false questions. The level of difficulty is varies and has a good distinguishing. Based on this, it can be concluded that assessment instruments based on scientific literacy of the motion of living things, structure and function of plant tissues for class VIII SMP can be declared very valid, very practical, and reliability in the medium to very high categories. Keywords:  scientific literacy, assessment
Analysis Of Critical Thinking Skill Level Of Students Smp Negeri 2 Padang about Environmental Pollution
Authors: Daniati Novia , Handayani Dezi , Yogica Relsas , Alberida Heffi
Published: August 2021

Curriculum of 2013 requires students to be able to think critically. This critical thinking ability can be trained by using questions that have indicators of critical thinking, besides those questions must also have cognitive levels C4 (analyze), C5 (evaluate), and C6 (synthesize). Padang Public Middle School 2 has implemented 2013 Curriculum in learning, but students' critical thinking skills are unknown. This research is a descriptive research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The subject of the study consisted of 48 students of class VII of SMP Negeri 2 Padang. The data obtained in this study was obtained through test techniques. The test used is a description test. The test instruments used will be validated and analyzed first. Analysis of this instrument includes the level of difficulty, differentiation and reliability. Test instruments were tested before being used. This study produces data that the level of critical thinking skills of seventh grade students in Padang State Middle School is still in non-critical qualifications with a percentage average value of 48.53%. Indicators with the highest average percentage to the lowest, namely; the inference indicator obtained a score of 69.96% with quite critical qualifications; the indicator gives a basic statement obtained a value of 60.62% with less critical qualifications; the indicator estimates that a value of 53.12% is obtained with non-critical qualifications; the indicator gives an advanced statement obtained a value of 44.39% with non-critical qualifications, and; basic indicators of decision making obtained a value of 14.58% with non-critical qualifications. Keywords: Critical Thinking, Environmental Pollution, Descriptif
The Influence of the Cooperative Learning Model Talking StickType Charged Science Literacy on Students Learning Competencies in the Material of Human Digestive Systems in SMP Negeri 15 Padang
Authors: Handayni Fitri , Darussyamsu Rahmawati , Selaras Ganda Hijrah , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal
Published: August 2021

Research on the problems that exist in Padang 15 Public Middle School, student learning competencies are still low. The effort that can be done is to apply the cooperative learning model with the speaking stick type with literacy content of SMP 18 Padang. The purpose of this study was to study student learning through a cooperative model of speaking stick type with literacy at SMP 15 Padang. This type of research is experimental research with randomized posttest control group design. The population in this study were all students of class VIII SMP 15 Padang registered in 2018/2019. Sampling was done using the Simple purposive Sampling technique, which was chosen as the research sample was class VIII.3 as the experimental class and VIII.2 as the control class. The instrument used consisted of posttest questions for knowledge competencies, observation sheets for competencies and skills. The assessment hypothesis using the t-test, can prove the knowledge competency  tcount 2.27> ttable 1.67, competency assessment value 80% with good categories and competency skills value tcount 3.5> ttable 1.67). This is an accepted hypothesis. It was concluded that the cooperative model of speaking stick type with literacy opposed the competence of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of class VIII students of SMP 15 Padang.
Analyzed Quality Question Type Multiple Choices Questions (MCQ) of Final Exam Even Semester on Biology Course Class XI SMA Negeri Se-Kecamatan IV Jurai Academic Year 2017/2018
Authors: Syafti Nadya Khairiyah , Darussyamsu Rahmawati , Selaras Ganda Hijrah , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal
Published: August 2021

Researcher conducted a study with the aim to determine the quality of items in terms of analysis: 1) reliability, 2) the validity of the content and empirical, 3) distinguishing features, 4) level of difficulty, and 5) the function of detractors. This research is a descriptive study. Based on the results of data analysis, the result for the review of aspects: 1)reliability packet A and B, belong to the category high,2)the validity of the content packet A & B, not fulfilling all criteriaand then validity empirically package A, 57.5% are invalid matter and packet B,65% are invalid matte, 3) the level of difficulty package A, 27 questions (67,5%) good category and 13 questions (32,5%) not good category while package B, 27 questions (67,5%) good category and 13 questions (32,5%) not good category. 4) different power packet A, obtained with different power values, namely 35 questions (87,5%) including good categories and 5 questions (12,5) which do not belong to the good category while package B, 29 questions (72,5%) is included in category and 11 questions (27,5%) which do not belong to category, 5) function options packet A, for options that are not qualified is 37% and the quality is 63% and packet B,for options that are not qualified is 31% and the quality is 69%. It can be concluded that the end of the semester exam subjects biology grade XI of the school year 2017/2018 in the se-kecamatan IV Jurai not meet both criteria.
The Identification of Levels of Concept Understanding Using Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Test
Authors: Adriani Witri , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal , Selaras Ganda Hijrah , Yogica Relsas
Published: August 2021

This research aims at identifiying the levels of concept understanding on virus material at class X, SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang. This is a descriptive research involved 138 students from class X, SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang. This research used Three-Tier Multiple Choice diagnostic test instrument which categorized into three question levels. The results showed that students experienced the highest level of concept understanding on prevented virus infections with 53,87%, then followed with the highest level of  full misconception on the role of the beneficial virus with 36,23%, the highest level of misconception false positive on the different virus and bactery with 12,32%, the highest level of misconception false negative on virus living with 14,49%, the highest level of guessing on virus’ classification with  7,61%, and the highest level of ununderstandable of virus replication’s cycles with 52,18%. Most of students experienced low criteria of the concept material of virus with 34,38%.
The Validity of Learning Media Using Prezi Application Equipped with a Guidebook on Biodiversity Material for Students of Class X SMA
Authors: Yogica Relsas , Armen Armen , Fuadiyah Sa'diatul , Juwita Eka Rahma
Published: August 2021

The development of Science and Technology (IPTEK) is so rapidly affecting the use of electronic technology in learning. Teachers are expected to be able to use multimedia in learning. One example of multimedia utilization in learning is the application for learning media in addition to PowerPoint presentations, namely the Prezi application. Prezi is an application that is used to make presentations more interesting. Prezi can contain text, images, videos and other presentation media placed on the presentation canvas and can be grouped in frames that have been provided. Most of the teachers who are not able to apply multimedia especially the Prezi application, it is necessary to have a guidebook to use the Prezi application so that teachers and students are able to use the application as a medium for learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to produce learning media using the Prezi application equipped with a guidebook on biodiversity material for high school class X students who are valid and practical.This type of research is research and development development research using the Instructional Development (IDI) model. The object of this research is learning media using the Prezi application equipped with a guidebook on biodiversity material for class X students. The subjects of this study were 30 students of class X high school UNP Laboratory Development as the practicality of using the Prezi application and guidebook and validation by 2 people Biology Department lecturer FMIPA UNP and 1 Biology High School teacher Development UNP Laboratory.Based on the results of the study, it was found that the results of the validation showed an average value of 89.93 in the valid category. This shows that the learning media using the Prezi application equipped with a guidebook was developed valid both in terms of feasibility aspects of content, language, presentation and aspects of graphics.
The Effect of Discovery Learning Model on Students’ Learning Competencies At Grade VII In Junior High School 16 Padang
Authors: Nofianti Nofianti , Helendra Helendra , Rahmi Yosi Laila , Ristiono Ristiono
Published: August 2021

The low level of students’ science learning competencies at grade VII in Junior High School 16 Padang is caused by several factors, one of them is the learning process still used teacher-centered, so the students tend to inactive in the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an innovative learning process in order to improve students’ competencies, in knowledge, attitudes and skill. One of the method that can be used by the teacher is by implementing the Discovery Learning model. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning model through students’ learning competencies in science (knowledge, attitudes and skill) at grade VII in Junior High School 16 Padang. This type of research is experimental research with a control group posttest only design. The population in this study were all class VII SMPN 16 Padang registered in the 2018/2019. Sampling was done using technique purposive sampling, which was chosen as the sample of the study was class VII.5 as the experimental and VII.2 as the control class. The instruments used were in the form of questions posttest for knowledge competencies, observation sheets for attitide and skills. The hypothesis was tested using the t-test, can be concluded that the competencies of learners knowledge tcount 5,96 > ttable 1,67, the competencies of attitude value tcount 6,36 > ttable 1,67, and the competencies of skills value tcount1,69 >  ttable1,67. This shows that the hypothesis is accepted. Concluded that the application of model the Discovery Learning has a positive effect on students’ science learning competency of knowledge, attitudes and skills of class VII students of SMPN 16 Padang.
Effect of Time Token Model Containing Science Literacy on Students’ Learning Competencies at Senior High School in Batusangkar
Authors: Z Ummul Haq , Darussyamsu Rahmawati , Fuadiyah Sa'adiatul , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal
Published: August 2021

Research on the problems that exist in Batusangkar 1 Senior High School, student learning competencies are still low. The efforts that can be done are to implement a time learning model that contains scientific literacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the time token model with scientific literacy on the learning competency of students' in Batusangkar 1 Senior High School. This type of research was experimental research with a randomized control group posttest only design. The population in this study were all class X MIPA Batusangkar 1 senior high school registered in the 2018/2019. Sampling was done using Purposive Sampling techniques. X MIPA 2 as the experimental class and X MIPA 1 as the control class. The instruments used were in the form of posttest questions for knowledge competencies, observation sheets for attitude and skills competencies. Based on the results of the study using the t-test it can be concluded that the knowledge competencies of students t count 3.41> t table 1.67, the attitudes  competency t count 5.95> t table 1.67, and the skills competency tcount 2.34 > t table 1.67. it shows that the hypothesis was accepted. So, the application of the time token model with scientific literacy can improve the competency of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of class X students of  senior high school 1 Batusangkar
SCIENCE MODULE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON SCIENTIFIC APPROACH FOR LIFE ORGANIZATION SUBJECT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Wahyuni Nina , Lufri Lufri
Published: August 2021

The 2013 curriculum focuses on active learning by scientific approach. Students are expected to be able to construct an understanding of the subject matter through scientific steps, namely observing, asking questions, gathering information, associating and communicating. This is inseparable from the teaching materials used in the learning process. Based on this, this research was conducted to develop a science module based on a scientific approach on the material of life organization systems for grade 7th junior high school students. This type of research is research and development (R and D) using the Plomp development model which consists of the preliminary research stage, the development or prototyping phase and the assessment phase. The initial investigation stage includes curriculum analysis, problem analysis and learning, and analysis of teaching materials. The development stage includes the design and development of a prototype, and the assessment stage includes practicality and effectiveness testing. However, in conducting research in the current Covid-19 pandemic season, researchers have limited it to the stage of developing prototypes that are validated by experts (expert validity). The research data is primary data obtained from a validity questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Based on the research that has been done, a valid science module based on a scientific approach has been produced on the material of life organization systems for grade 7th junior high school students with a validity value of 95.6%. Thus, it can be concluded that the science module based on the scientific approach developed by the researcher has very valid criteria.
ETHNOBOTANY STUDY OF Albizia procera IN TAMIANG HILL FOREST OF TANAH LAUT REGENCY AS A POPULAR SCIENTIFIC BOOK
Authors: Salsabila Nada , Dharmono Dharmono , Putra Aminuddin Prahatama
Published: August 2021

Birik wood (Albizia procera) grows wild in the Tamiang hill forest and is often used by the local community. This study aims to describe the ethnobotany of the Albizia procera plant in the Tamiang hill  forest area, Tanah Laut Regency and describe the validity and practicality of the contents of the popular scientific book on the Albizia procera plant. The research method used was descriptive research for ethnobotany studies and continued with the formative evaluation of the Tessmer test for the feasibility of the developed popular sciencetific book. The results showed that the Albizia procera plant had tree species, had white round stems, sympodial branches, double pinnate compound leaves, unlimited compound flowers, dry true fruit with pod and taproot type. Albizia procera plant is used as stomachache medicine, also used for road shade and livestock feed. The Albizia procera plant is believed by local people if it is burned it will cause the goat hair to fall out. Albizia procera plants are widely used as firewood, building materials and food materials. People in the hill forest area of Tamiang call the Albizia procera plant "birik wood" because of its speckled stems. The results of the development of teaching materials in the form of Popular Scientific Books on expert tests by 2 validators had very valid results, and the practicality of the content by 3 students had very good results. This popular scientific book is to support the Ethnobotany subject.
FEASIBILITY OF THE POCKET BOOK OF ADDITIVE SUBSTANCE SUBMATERIALS FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL AS A RESULT OF TESTING CARROT JUICE (Daucus carota L.) TO CHICKEN MEATBALLS’ SHELF LIFE AND ITS ORGANOLEPTIC
Authors: Purnamasari Sa'adah , Panjaitan Ruqiah Ganda Putri , Wahyuni Eko Sri
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the feasibility of a pocket book as a learning medium for class VIII additives teaching materials based on the test results of the effect of carrot juice on shelf life and organoleptics of chicken meatballs. The background of making pocket book media is based on the results of interviews at SMP Negeri 10 Pontianak which said that the teaching and learning process was ineffective due to the lack of learning media. Therefore, the pocket book media is used as a learning medium. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method which consists of potentials and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and design revision. The product design in this study is to make a pocket book by adding food additives and the results of the author's research. The pocket book media was validated by 5 validators, namely 3 teachers of SMP Negeri Pontianak and 2 Lecturers of Biology Education at the University of Tanjungpura. This pocket book media is measured from the aspects of the feasibility of format, content, and language which consists of 11 criteria. Based on the results of the pocket book validation, it was obtained CVI value of 1 for all criteria with an average validity value of 4 so that the pocket book media was declared valid and could be used as a learning media for additive sub material.
INFLUENCE OF JIGSAW MODEL WHICH COMBINED WITH PAPER OPERAND IDEA TECHNIQUE FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Yeni Wanda Apri , Yogica Relsas
Published: August 2021

The research is based on the problems in SMAN 4 Padang, the low learning competency of students. Learning competency is an ability that must be possessed by students to know what they have mastered during learning. In this study aims to observe the influence of the aplication of the jigsaw cooperative learning model combined with the paper operand technique of ideas on the learning competencies of students in class X MIA SMAN 4 Padang in the acedemic year 2019/2020. Forms of this study was Quasi Experimental Design with design Randomized Control Group Posttest Only Design. The population in this study were all students in grade X MIA SMAN 4 Padang. Sampling using purposive sampling. The data collection technique of learning outcomes using posttest and documentation. Learning outcomes data were analyzed by normality-test, f-test and t-test. The results showed that the average value learning competency experimental class is greater than the control class.
Pengembangan Video Animasi Powtoon Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Usia Sekolah Dasar di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Fatmawati Nor Laili
Published: August 2021

Various adaptations and innovations should be done in the English learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially for elementary school students who are not familiar with the distance learning system. This study aims to develop a Powtoon-based animated video as an English learning medium for elementary school students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The animation video was developed using the ADDIE model which includes the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation stages. This research produces an audiovisual learning media in form of animated videos that have been tested by media experts, material experts, and have gone through small group and field trials. The test results indicate the feasibility of this product is 4.80 in the Very Eligible category. Thus, the animated Powtoon-based video is worthy product as an alternative learning medium in English distance learning classes for elementary school students during the pandemic.
Light’ as a Source Domain for Metaphors in the Holy Quran
Authors: Ibrahim Elamin Marwa , Ahmed Alhazmi Albatool
Published: August 2021

Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) sees metaphor as a means to conceptualize abstracts in everyday discourse employing concrete. This research investigates the use of “Light” (Nur in Arabic) metaphorically as a source domain to several concepts (target domains) in the Quran, for instance, “THE QURAN IS LIGHT”. The study explores the power of metaphor in non-literary discourse relying on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its hypotheses. Additionally, it will identify the target domains to which light is used as a source domain. Furthermore, it will examine whether ‘Light’ has been used as a target domain or it is a unidirectional relation that made it a source domain only in all the occurrences in the Quran. For the purpose of this study, the researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach in discourse analysis. Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) is used as a tool for checking metaphor. The search in the sacred text resulted in (43) occurrences of the word ‘Nur.’ This research proved that metaphor of light is used ubiquitously and creatively to explain different crucial concepts in the Quran.
The Poetry of Darwish in the 1960s: Homeland and Exile
Authors: Mahfoodh Hajar
Published: August 2021

The early poetry of Mahmoud Darwish (1941-2008) is characterised by its overt resistance and confrontational tone against the Israeli forces. This research paper explores the themes of homeland and exile in Darwish’s poetry during the 1960s, tracing how the 1967 defeat has changed his poetic tone from the highly confrontational to the articulate conversational. It, therefore, contributes to the fields of literary criticism and Arab literary studies focusing on modern poetry of resistance. Although Darwish was still living on Palestinian lands during this period, he never felt at home, expressing his feelings of strangeness and suffering in a usurped land by force. The theoretical framework of Edward Said (1935-2003) is employed in this paper to question whether the themes of exile and homeland shape and reshape the Darwish’s understanding of resistance. Based on the analyses of this paper, Darwish’s poetry of resistance has dramatically changed due to his severe disappointment by the 1967 defeat, marking the collapse of Arab nationalism and its propaganda of the Arab homeland. Still, this shift does not affect Darwish’s rejection of the Israeli existence in Palestine. Instead, his poetry by the end of this decade still questions the violent and aggressive nature of the Israeli soldier despite Darwish’s intimate and human conversational style of his poems, thereby adding to the controversial analyses of Darwish’s poetics.
Adolescents’ adoption of COVID-19 preventive measures during the first months of the pandemic: what led to early adoption?
Authors: Bacque Dion Claude , Bélanger Richard , Leatherdale Scott T. , Haddad Slim
Published: August 2021

Introduction

The objectives of this study were to explore the extent to which adolescents adopted COVID-19 preventive measures in the first few months of the pandemic and to understand their adoption by looking at interconnected adoption-related factors and determining the strength of these factors, particularly among subgroups not expected to be early adopters.

Methods

Analyses focus on data collected during Spring 2020 from 29 eastern Quebec secondary schools that participated in the COMPASS study. Participants (n = 6052) self-reported their knowledge, perception of risk and preventive practices to do with the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed using structural equation models based on gender and anxiety level.

Results

The majority of respondents reported adopting the recommended COVID-19 preventive measures. The results showed three paths leading to adolescents’ adoption of these measures: pandemic knowledge; perception of risk related to COVID-19; and, in particular, discussions with relatives about preventive measures and what to do in case of infection.

Conclusion

While most of the adolescent participants in this study appeared to comply with COVID-19 preventive measures, factors such as discussions with relatives emerge as elements to foster in order to improve adolescents’ adoption of preventive measures.
Adoption de mesures préventives contre la COVID-19 par les adolescents au cours des premiers mois de la pandémie : Qu’est-ce qui a mené à l’adoption rapide?
Authors: Bacque Dion Claude , Bélanger Richard , Leatherdale Scott T. , Haddad Slim
Published: August 2021

Introduction

La présente étude avait pour objectifs d’explorer dans quelle mesure les adolescents ont adopté des mesures préventives contre la COVID-19 au cours des premiers mois de la pandémie et de comprendre leur adoption par l’examen de facteurs indépendants liés à l’adoption et par la détermination de la puissance de ces facteurs, en particulier parmi les sous-groupes qui ne sont pas censés être les premiers à adopter de telles mesures.

Méthodes

Les analyses portent sur des données recueillies au printemps 2020 auprès de 29 écoles secondaires de l’est du Québec qui ont participé à l’étude COMPASS. Les participants (n = 6 052) ont déclaré eux-mêmes leurs connaissances, leur perception du risque et les pratiques de prévention à adopter dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID-19. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de modèles d’équation structurelle fondés sur le sexe et le niveau d’anxiété.

Résultats

La majorité des répondants ont déclaré avoir adopté les mesures préventives recommandées contre la COVID-19. Les résultats ont montré trois voies menant à l’adoption de ces mesures par les adolescents : les connaissances sur la pandémie, la perception du risque lié à la COVID-19 et, en particulier, les discussions avec les proches au sujet des mesures préventives et de ce qu’il faut faire en cas d’infection.

Conclusion

Même si la plupart des participants adolescents à cette étude ont semblé se conformer aux mesures préventives contre la COVID-19, des facteurs comme les discussions avec les proches émergent en tant qu’éléments à favoriser pour améliorer l’adoption des mesures préventives par les adolescents.
Feasibility Analysis of the Power Supply Model Using Solar PV for the Public Lighting System in Hanoi
Authors: Thuy Hang Le Thi , Nguyen Dong Ngo
Published: August 2021

Public lighting is an essential service in today’s cities, towns, and highways, including improving public safety and reducing traffic accidents. Public lighting could consume up to 40% of the energy budget of the local governments. Therefore, the technical innovations related to public lighting always bring significant value to municipal governments. In Vietnam, the public lighting in big cities account for 25% of the total power consumption. The solutions to reducing electricity consumption for public lighting are also of interest to domestic and foreign organizations, including the use of on-site energy such as wind and solar energy. In this paper, on the basis of the current state of the public lighting system and the potential of solar energy in Hanoi, the authors have roughly calculated the technical and economic efficiency of power supply solutions using solar energy in public lighting. The proposal of solving the power supply problem, by using solar energy in public lighting in Hanoi is another result of the paper.
Sól og sandur: Ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja
Authors: Loftsdóttir Kristín , Arnardóttir Auður Arna , Mixa Már Wolfgang , Guðjónsdóttir Guðbjörg
Published: August 2021

Rannsóknir á ferðamennsku til Íslands hafa verið í uppgangi síðastliðin ár, en verulega skortir á rannsóknir á utanlandsferðum Íslendinga. Hvort tveggja er þó hluti af þeim hnattræna veruleika sem Ísland er hluti af og vettvangur margvíslegra efnahagslegra gjörninga. Greinin fjallar um ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja og spyr hvað einkennir ferðir Íslendinga til Kanaríeyja síðasta áratuginn og hverskonar áfangastaður Kanaríeyjar er fyrir Íslendinga. Greiningin styðst við megindleg gögn, þ.e. niðurstöður spurningakönnunnar og greiningu á fyrirliggjandi gögnum frá Hagstofu Kanaríeyja og Ferðamálastofu Íslands.
Rannsóknir erlendis endurspegla að spænsk yfirvöld hafa reynt að leggja áherslu á að Kanaríeyjar hafi upp á meira að bjóða en eingöngu sólarlandaferðir. Jafnframt sýna erlendar rannsóknir að mörk milli þeirra sem eru ferðamenn, aðfluttir, eða sem vinna á eyjunum eru oft óljós og flæðandi. Greining megindlegra gagna fyrir greinina sýnir að Kanaríeyjar hafa haft vaxandi mikilvægi sem áfangastaður fyrir ferðalanga frá Íslandi síðasta áratug og þá sérstaklega eyjan Tenerife. Aðdráttarafl Kanaríeyja sem áfangastaðar virðist út frá niðurstöðum könnunarinnar fyrst og fremst vera í tengslum við veðurfar eyjanna og afþreyingu, en bent er jafnframt á að rétt eins og annarstaðar getur hreyfanleiki til eyjanna falið í sér flæðandi hópa þar sem mörk ferðamanna, aðfluttra, eða vinnandi eru ekki alltaf skýr.
Á tilnefningarnefnd að vera undirnefnd stjórnar eða hluthafa? Skoðanir ólíkra hagaðila.
Authors: Magnúsdóttir Hildur , Arnardóttir Auður Arna , Sigurjónsson Þröstur Olaf
Published: August 2021

Tilnefningarnefndir eru tiltölulega nýjar sem þáttur í stjórnarháttum fyrirtækja á Íslandi, en slík nefnd var fyrst sett á laggirnar árið 2014. Frá þeim tíma hafa slíkar nefndir verið að ryðja sér til rúms á Íslandi en þær eiga sér lengri sögu erlendis. Meirihluti skráðra fyrirtækja á Íslandi hefur í dag stofnað tilnefningarnefndir, en það eru þó skiptar skoðanir um ágæti nefndanna bæði meðal fræðimanna og stjórnenda. Innan Norðurlandanna starfa tilnefningarnefndir ólíkt hvað stjórnarhætti viðkemur, þar sem þær heyra ýmist beint undir hluthafa eða eru skipaðar sem undirnefndir stjórna. Hér er um að ræða mikilvægan mun eftir því hvor leiðin er farin, því áhrif á meðal annars gagnsæi í starfi nefndanna, valferli vegna nýrra stjórnarmanna og upplýsingagjöf til hluthafa, getur verið ólík eftir því hvor leiðin er valin. Erlendar rannsóknir á starf tilnefningarnefnda sýna að tilvist þeirra getur haft jákvæð áhrif á stjórnarhætti, fyrst og fremst þannig að starf þeirra leiði til skilvirks ferlis við val stjórnarmanna. Íslenskar tilnefningarnefndir hafa enn sem komið er lítið verið rannsakaðar. Þessi rannsókn leitast við að varpa ljósi á skoðanir hagaðila um það hvort tilnefningarnefndir á Íslandi eigi að vera undirnefndir stjórna eða heyra beint undir hluthafa. Blandaðri rannsóknaraðferð er beitt, annars vegar með viðtölum við hluthafa, stjórnarmenn í skráðum fyrirtækjum og nefndarmenn tilnefningarnefnda. Hins vegar er stuðst við niðurstöður könnunar sem send var til hluthafa, stjórnarmanna og tilnefningarnefndarmanna meðal 300 stærstu fyrirtækja á Íslandi. Niðurstöður sýna að hagaðilar telja að tilnefningarnefndir á Íslandi eiga frekar að heyra undir hluthafa en stjórn og þær eiga að vera kosnar af hluthöfum á hluthafafundum. Niðurstöðurnar gagnast hluthöfum og stjórnum fyrirtækja þegar kemur að stofnun og ákvörðun um skipulag í starfi tilnefningarnefnda.
After the Flood: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of Human Remains Found in a Floodplain and First Record of Raft Spiders Colonizing a Corpse
Authors: Guareschi Edda E. , Magni Paola A
Published: August 2021

In the analysis of any forensic case, the estimation of time, cause and manner of death is affected by post-mortem changes. These are inextricably linked to both intrinsic characteristics of the body and a variety of external factors, mainly environmental, such as the presence and types of scavengers. While there are several research and case-studies on terrestrial environments, there is scant knowledge regarding aquatic environments, either stable or cyclical/seasonal. At present, no case studies have considered human remains discovered in the mud, following a flooding event. This case study describes a body discovered in a floodplain area in northern Italy. After a flood event, the water progressively drained out, leaving the body in the mud. Besides the unique conditions of the remains, of particular interest was the colonization by larvae of Calliphora vomitoria (L.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and raft spiders, Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck) (Araneae: Pisauridae), for thefirst-time recorded colonizing a corpse. The multidisciplinary approach to such an investigation is described.
Performance of the Nanobio-Based Reagent for Visualising Wet Fingerprints Exposed to Different Levels of Water Salinity
Authors: Ting Chao Wen , Mahat Naji Arafat , Azman Aida Rasyidah , Muda Nor Wajihan , Anuar Nurazira
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Recovery of evidence such as murder weapons in waterways has been commonly reported. However, visualising latent fingerprints on the immersed substrates may prove challenging due to its obliteration by physicochemical parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, salinity) as well as the mechanical effect of water. Although the use of Small Particle Reagent (SPR) for visualising latent fingerprints on wet non-porous substrates has been suggested, it contains molybdenum and titanium that are toxic, and their utilisation must be reduced. Furthermore, no study verifies the chemical and/or physical interaction between SPR and the lipid constituents of wet latent fingerprints that leads to the visualisation of ridge details. Methods: The SPR and newly developed nanobio based reagent (NBR) i.e. Candida rugosa lipase-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CRL-MWCNTs) were used for visualising latent fingerprints on glass slides immersed in water with salinitylevels representing those of estuary and swimming pool for up to 15 days. Results: It was observed that the quality of the visualised fingerprints using NBR was comparable with that of SPR. Characterisations via instrument and bioinformatics analyses have also verified the incorporation of CRL onto MWCNTs and the chemical interaction between NBR and lipid constituents of wet latent fingerprints. Conclusions: Therefore, the newly developed NBR may prove a promising relatively greener alternative for substituting SPR for visualising latent fingerprints on glass slides immersed in different levels of water salinity.
Effect of Intraspecific Larval Aggregation and Diet Type on Life-History Traits of Dermestes maculatus and Dermestes caninus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae): Species of Forensic Importance
Authors: Corrêa Rodrigo C. , Carmo Rodrigo R.F. , George Ann R. , Tomberlin Jeffery K.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Numerous studies have examined the effect of abiotic factors on the development and survival of Dermestes and their importance for forensic entomology. Dermestes maculatus is one of the most known beetle species associated with corpses and D. caninus has little biological information available and no case report records. To better understand the life-history traits of those species we evaluated the impact of diet type and intraspecific larval density. Methods: Adult beetles were collected from human remains and colonies were kept under controlled conditions (27.0 ± 1.0 °C, 55.0% RU, and 12:12 L:D) and F1 generation was used to collect eggs. Newly emerged larvae were separated according to the treatments, being the combination of larval density (1, 15, 30 individuals), food (dried dog food or dried pork) and contact (with or without). We used factorial-ANOVA to test the individual and combined effect of both larval densities and diet on dependent variables, followed by post-hoc Tukey test. Pearson correlations were carried out to evaluate the relationship between larval parameters for each species in each treatment. Results: Pork-based diet positively affected species fitness, with larvae being ca. 1.1 (D. caninus) and 1.7 (D. maculatus) times bigger and heavier than in dog food. Diet type also impacted the development time for both species. Conclusions: Data generated through the current study serve as a foundation for potential application of this species as an indicator of time of colonization in relations to a minPMI. However, validation is still needed to determine the accuracy and precision of these calculations.
Investigation of the effects of dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 on indicators of vitamin D status in healthy dogs
Authors: Backus Robert C. , Foster Lauren R.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effects of short-term dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) on indicators of vitamin D status in healthy dogs.

ANIMALS

13 purpose-bred adult dogs.

PROCEDURES

20 extruded commercial dog foods were assayed for 25(OH)D3 content. Six dogs received a custom diet containing low vitamin D concentrations and consumed a treat with vitamin D2 (0.33 μg/kg0.75) plus 1 of 3 doses of 25(OH)D3 (0, 0.23, or 0.46 μg/kg0.75) once daily for 8 weeks followed by the alternate treatments in a crossover-design trial. In another crossover-design trial, 7 dogs received a custom diet supplemented with vitamin D3 or 25(OH)D3 (targeted content, 3,250 U/kg [equivalent to 81.3 μg/kg] and 16 μg/kg, respectively, as fed) for 10 weeks followed by the alternate treatment. In washout periods before each trial and between dietary treatments in the second trial, dogs received the trial diet without D-vitamer supplements. Dietary intake was monitored. Serum or plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and biochemical variables were analyzed at predetermined times.

RESULTS

25(OH)D3 concentrations were low or undetected in evaluated commercial diets. In the first trial, vitamin D2 intake resulted in quantifiable circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 but not 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration appeared to increase linearly with 25(OH)D3 dose. In the second trial, circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration increased with both D vitamer–supplemented diets and did not differ significantly between treatments. No evidence of vitamin D excess was detected in either trial.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Potency of the dietary 25(OH)D3 supplement estimated on the basis of targeted content was 5 times that of vitamin D3 to increase indicators of vita-min D status in the study sample. No adverse effects attributed to treatment were observed in short-term feeding trials. (Am J Vet Res 2021;82:722–736)
Network analysis of interconnections between theoretical concepts associated with principal–agent theory concerning construction projects
Authors: Ceric Anita , Ivic Ivona
Published: August 2021

Communication risks and asymmetric information among project participants are often associated with poor performance in construction projects. Communication and coordination are prominent issues in recent research on construction management, with little actual theoretical foundation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which principal–agent (P–A) theory and its implications are used in construction management research. In the archives of the top seven construction management journals, 148 scientific papers mentioning P–A theory were found. The keywords were analysed to determine the connections between them. Network analysis (NA) of the interconnected keywords was used to illustrate the most common relations between P–A theory and construction management. The findings of this study indicate that the most important elements associated with P–A theory in construction management are contracts, governance, partnership, transaction costs, information systems, incentives, risk management, and trust. However, some keywords are often used without considering related theoretical concepts. This study introduces a new perspective on P–A theory research in the field of construction management.
Se réconcilier au nom de la vie - Approche traditionnelle africaine de résolution des conflits au service de la réconciliation sociale et ecclésiale. Cas du Ndaro chez les Bashi de la République démocratique du Congo.
Authors: Cubaka Cishugi Nicolas
Published: August 2021

Depuis la nuit des temps, les ancêtres des Africains ont voulu dompter la force destructrice du conflit par le consensus issu du dialogue ndaroïque. Ainsi, la réconciliation (et la paix) célébrée dans le sacrifice, qui intervient au bout du dialogue, constitue une victoire de la vie sur la mort. Partant du principe négro-africain de la vie perpétuelle, cette étude est une démonstration du besoin urgent de recourir à la sagesse africaine dans la transformation de l’image négative de l’Afrique comme continent de pauvreté, de tiraillements tribalo-ethniques, d’instabilités politiques, d’aliénations socio-culturelles, etc. Il s’agit d’apprécier la pertinence de certaines réalités culturelles et leur efficacité d’appui à la paix sociale, au développement global et à la pastorale d’ensemble, à la lumière des réalités actuelles du continent africain. L’idée de «vivre et refuser de mourir après la mort» traverse en filigrane le présent ouvrage.
DENTIFRÍCIOS COM DIFERENTES PRINCÍPIOS BIOATIVOS NA REDUÇÃO DA HIPERSENSIBILIDADE DENTINÁRIA CERVICAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ovidio Frederico Paes de Almeida Marcia Caroline , Zadolynny Raposo da Câmara Ana Cristina , Andrade Tognetti Valdineia Maria , Pereira de Andrade Alessandra
Published: August 2021

Atualmente, percebe-se uma alta prevalência de hipersensibilidade dentinária e, com isso, os problemas por ela causados ao indivíduo. Com o avanço tecnológico, muitas têm sido as terapêuticas utilizadas para minimizar seus efeitos, dentre as quais estão os dentifrícios. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade de tais dentifrícios e seus diferentes compostos bioativos voltados à redução da hipersensibilidade dentinária dos pacientes. Para isso, o mesmo baseou-se numa revisão de literatura, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, tendo por justificativa agregar informações à prática clínica do cirurgião-dentista, principalmente no que se refere à escolha mais assertiva de protocolos que venham auxiliar seu paciente. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa apontaram que a terapêutica mais utilizada foi a com base em arginina 8%, embora as demais tenham apresentado mecanismos diferentes, como a Recaldent™, NovaMin®, fluoreto de sódio e nHA. As pesquisas somaram mais de 234 participantes, sendo uma maioria composta de mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 65 anos e um total de mais de 421 dentes hipersensíveis, principalmente de pré-molares. Concluiu-se, com o estudo, que os dentifrícios se mostram eficazes de forma equivalente no que se refere ao tratamento de hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical, embora tenham sido poucos os relatos de casos clínicos que fizeram uso de nHA e Recaldent™. Obtendo maiores informações em relação aos possíveis tratamentos, é possível proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida ao paciente.
INFILTRAÇÃO RESINOSA NO TRATAMENTO DA HIPOMINERALIZAÇÃO MOLAR INCISIVO: UMA REVISÃO EM LITERATURAINFILTRAÇÃO RESINONSA NO TRATAMENTO DA HIPOMINERALIZAÇÃO MOLAR INCISIVO: UMA REVISÃO EM LITERATURA
Authors: Aparecida Andrade de Camargo Leylane , César Casalotti Paloma , Tognetti Valdineia Maria , Gullo Augusto Marina
Published: August 2021

A Hipomineralização Molar Incisivo (HMI) é uma condição caracterizada pela redução da mineralização de molares e incisivos permanentes. Sua etiologia ainda não foi totalmente definida e o diagnóstico pode ser desafiador ao cirurgião-dentista. As consequências vão desde hipersensibilidade dentinária até fratura do dente afetado. Novas técnicas e materiais para o tratamento dos dentes hipomineralizados têm sido desenvolvidos visando melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. No entanto, ainda não há um protocolo padrão a ser seguido. Técnicas minimamente invasivas no manejo dessas lesões têm ganhado destaque dentre as terapias existentes. Diante da necessidade de se apresentar informações atualizadas a respeito do tratamento desta condição, esta revisão de literatura se propôs a discutir os seguintes tópicos: 1) Etiologia, características clínicas e prevalência da HMI; 2) Tratamentos remineralizadores e restauradores para dentes afetados pela HMI; 3) O uso da infiltração resinosa como uma alternativa conservadora em dentes afetados pela HMI. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa apontaram que a utilização de infiltração resinosa é capaz de fortalecer e estabilizar o esmalte desmineralizado sem a necessidade de desgaste da estrutura dental sadia. Concluiu-se que a infiltração resinosa é capaz de proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida ao paciente afetado pela HMI.
Prevenção dos riscos ocupacionais e o uso dos equipamentos de proteção pelos profissionais de enfermagem nos serviços de quimioterapia
Authors: Filho Pedro Leite de Melo , Jesus Mariana Marques da Silva de , Almeida Kelli Monalisa de , Silva Carlos Cezar Barreiro da , Silva Ana Claudia da , Silva Marcela Accioly Ferreira da , Mendes Lúcia de Fátima Ferreira , Viturino Bianca Kerolayne da Silva , Santos Antônia Kelly Ferreira dos , Rosenstock Karelline Izaltemberg Vasconcelos
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura, as medidas de biossegurança utilizadas pela equipe de enfermagem no setor de administração de antineoplásicos, visando reduzir os riscos ocupacionais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo a partir de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. As amostras foram selecionadas nas seguintes bases de dados online: PubMed, Scielo, BVS, no mês de maio de 2021. Resultados: Os fármacos antineoplásicos são altamente tóxicos e podem desencadear desde uma pequena alergia até mesmo o câncer nos profissionais que manuseiam o insumo. Desse modo, se faz necessário a utilização e manuseio correto dos equipamentos de proteção individual, para minimizar os riscos a exposições desnecessárias aos quimioterápicos e consequentemente reduzir os riscos ocupacionais. Considerações finais: Diante do que foi levantado, observa-se a importância do uso correto dos equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI´s) em todos os serviços de quimioterapia e a relevância de uma educação continuada para os profissionais de saúde, reduzindo assim, as lacunas existentes nos serviços e a proteção de toda a equipe assistencial.