bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Causes and Avoidable Factors of Perinatal Deaths at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bhandari Sunita , Dwa Yam , Sharma Riya
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Perinatal deaths are potentially preventable and reflect the quality of care provided in the prenatal period, during labor, and to a newborn. The purpose of this study was to assess the causes and avoidable factors contributing to perinatal deaths in the year 2018-19 and compare these with the previous two years at Tertiary Care Hospital.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from a retrospective analysis of all stillbirths and early neonatal deaths in the year July 2018 to July 2019. The Perinatal Mortality Rate, causes, and avoidable factors leading to perinatal deaths were analysed during this year and were compared with that of the previous two years at KIST Medical College and Teaching hospital.Results: PMR was 16.09 per 1000 births in the year 2018-19. Previous two studies at this hospital in the year 2017-18 and 2016-17 showed a Perinatal Mortality Rate of 14.61 and 16.27/1000 births respectively. The commonest primary cause of perinatal deaths was intrapartum hypoxia 6 (30%), preterm delivery 5 (31.25%), and congenital anomalies4 (19%) during the year 2018-19, 2017-18, and 2016-17 respectively. The most common avoidable factors identified were a maternal delay to seek health care, inadequate antenatal checkups, and inadequate antenatal counseling of danger signs by a service provider over the last three years.Conclusions: Maternal delay to seek health care and lack of maternal knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy were the common avoidable factors identified. More efforts should be made to raise awareness of pregnant women during antenatal care visits regarding early healthcare-seeking behavior when needed.
Colorectal Polyps: A Histopathological Study in Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Basnet Dipika , Makaju Ramesh , Gurung Ram Bahadur , Dhakal Rachana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Gastrointestinal polyps are commonly encountered in the colorectal region. They can be non-neoplastic or neoplastic. Neoplastic polyps include adenomas which are clinically important because of their premalignant nature. The study was carried out to analyze the histomorphological spectrum of polyps; in our institution with special emphasis on adenomatous polyps.Material and methods: This is a retrospective study done from January 2015 to December 2019 in the Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital - Kathmandu University Hospital (DH - KUH). Relevant clinical data of the patients were obtained from the histopathological records of the patient from the pathology department and biopsies stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin were studied under the light microscope.Results: A total of 168 cases of polyp were studied from 125 patients. The most common indication for colonoscopy in patients with polyp was per rectal bleeding. The age of the patient ranged from 2 to 83 years. The rectum was the commonest location. 106(63.1%) of polyps were non-neoplastic and 6(36.9%) of polyps were neoplastic. Juvenile polyp(71;42.3%) was the commonest polyp. Tubular adenoma(55;32.7%) was the commonest neoplastic polyp. Themaximum number of neoplastic polyps were seen in the age group of 51-60years (11;29.7%). Male predominance was seen in neoplastic as well as a non-neoplastic polyp. High grade adenoma(4;6.7%) was more commonly seen in adenomatous polyp >2cm(3;75%) followed by 1-2cm(1;25%) and none in <1cm.Conclusions: This study gives a fair insight into the distribution of neoplastic and nonneoplastic polyp in the colorectal region. Adenomatous polyps are premalignant.
Periferni polemički diskursi povodom Mandićeve knjige Romani krize – kritički paratekst ili „politikantska uzbuna“?
Authors: Levanat-Peričić Miranda
Published: July 2021

Publication of a book of literary reviews Romani krize (The Novels of Crisis) by Igor Mandić in Belgrade in 1996, as well as the book promotion in Serbia, have been the subject of sharp attacks on its author in the Croatian media. In this “case,” which Mandić himself called “the chase of the collegial choir of elite commentators” for an “insignificant book of literary reviews,” several peripheral levels that are attempted to impose as dominant or to compete for a more favorable discursive position can be distinguished. First of all, the complex of peripheral is in the very status of literary criticism, the marginal letter, inferior to the prestigious discourses of belletristic and literary theory. However, as Mandić underlined in the foreword to The Novels of Crisis, this “by status wholly devalued writing, no matter how small, could always be used as a ‘symptom’ to raise some sort of ward-heeler’s alarm.” Regardless of the ironic modus of this attitude, the “ward-heeler alarm” that followed completely departed from the subject of this Mandić’s collection, or a decade of Serbian and Croatian literary productions, from the 80’s to the 90’s. Finally, precisely this literary period, which Mandić defined as a decade after the death of J. B. Tito and M. Krleža until the break-up of the SFRY, as the last decade of literary and cultural life in a common state, after its disintegration remained on the historical periphery of newly established national canons. However, the most important peripheral level of the whole of this “case” is concerned with the approach to the body of texts that this book deals with, i.e. a comparative study of Serbian and Croatian literature. At the time it was published in 1996, from peripheral cultural positions the comparative approach to the Croatian and Serbian literature was perceived as a radical political provocation that comes from the common past, in the wake of its renewal. In this work special attention is given to Mandić’s choice of Serbian and Croatian literary titles, hence to the very content of the Novels of Crisis. However, since the cultural context of this book goes beyond the literary criticism of the decade to which it relates, its significance is looked into from the aspect of polemical discourses this book produced, even at the periphery of the Croatian nineties.
Periferno u globalnom? Hrvatske serije u odnosu na domicilnu i globalnu kulturu (Novine i Uspjeh)
Authors: Molvarec Lana
Published: July 2021

Since the 1980s, especially with the HBO rise, there has been a development of different type of TV series that are designated as the quality TV series in order to be distinguished from the regular TV series. The most important conditions for the creation of the quality TV series are explained, followed by a short resume of the development of Croatian TV series. Furthermore, the paper analyses poetics and politcs of the series The Paper (Novine) and The Success (Uspjeh), with a special attention given to a representation of (peripheral) space. In conclusion, Novine and Uspjeh are recognised as the quality TV. This term is problematized through a perspective of series’ double effect – as both economic and cultural products, with a focus on importance of global interpretive community of contemporary cultural omnivores. Making their own choices, they establish their own cultural and symbolic capital and at the same time construct global TV series canon as well as partially deconstruct dichotomy of the central and the peripheral.
Mediteran u hrvatskoj književnosti i kulturi. Pogled izvana
Authors: Małczak Leszek
Published: July 2021

Croatian literature and culture belong to the three neighboring civilizational and cultural circles: the Mediterranean, the Central European and the Balkanian. The role of each respective circle and the proportions among them depend on the place and the historical context in question. In both diachronic and synchronic perspectives, Croatian culture is an illustrative example of a polycentric and (cross)border culture whose identity is primarily Mediterranean and Central European. Its uniqueness, originality and unity stem from the richness and diversity of the cultural content of which it is composed. The Mediterranean component as a whole is very diverse and complex. This paper examines the importance of the categories of space and place in the humanities and the role of the Mediterranean in Croatian culture.
Lirska dikcija Severove publicistike
Authors: Bagić Krešimir
Published: July 2021

Towards the end of 1974 and during 1975, in Zagreb-based cultural biweekly Oko (The Eye), Josip Sever publishes 15 supplements in the section under the headline “What did Josip Sever see“. Supplements are very diverse in themes as well as in genre and style. What connects them are a unique author’s optics and a surprising introduction of abundance of discourse exclusivities which are characteristic for lyrical speech in literary journalism context. This article singles out and describes key characteristics of the expressions from Sever’s texts and tries to interpret the sense of their edginess.
Sida Košutić’s Christian Mysticism – on the Periphery of the Canon of National Literature
Authors: Kuvač-Levačić Kornelija
Published: July 2021

The research shows several key causes of the reception and literary-historical periphery of the rich literary oeuvre of the Croatian poet, essayist, storyteller and author of one drama, Sida Košutić. While much of the research to date has cited the ideological and world-view causes of Sida Košutić’s marginal position in the canon of national literature, the writer’s expression of the unspeakable at the key of the Christian mystical experience is predominantly explored here. Thus, this research fits in with the contemporary interest in the philosophy of language and literary theory in the problem of the expression of the unspeakable (L. Wittgenstein, K. Jaspers, J. Derrida, M. Sells, etc.). The prominent elements of mystical discourse in the writer’s lyrical expression are analyzed on the example of a poem (“Ime tvoje sveti se”) which brings the majoritiy of poetic techniques from the entire collection Vjerenička žetva. Mystical hermeticism is also one of the possible causes of the peripheral status of Sida Košutić’s work. However, if the interpretation includes postmodern approach to language, it can be concluded that the poetic expression goes beyond the semantic atomism (the unspeakable refers to different experiences, conditions and realities), opposing representationalism and referentialism language model. Sida Košutić’s critical subject finds its legitimacy in Christian mysticism. The work of this writer can be equally included in the poetic guidelines of Croatian modern literature of the first half of the 20th century, thus undermining the dominant notions of the center and periphery defined by the national literary canon.
Proces integracije lokalne zadarske sastavnice hrvatske književnosti u središnju nacionalnu književnost – od (pred)romantizma do moderne
Authors: Rados Zvjezdana
Published: July 2021

The paper will analyze Zadar’s components of Croatian literature in the period from 1840s until the first decade of the 20th century, marked by nationalintegrative processes and forming a modern national identity. The research object will be the specifics of the development of that part of Croatian literature as well as its relations to literary and historical processes in the center, the mainstream, of national literature – from national revival movements or the period of preromanticism and romanticism, through pre-realism and realism to the period of moderna and stronger integration of Zadar’s (provincial, Dalmatian) segment into central, national Croatian literature. Considerable attention will be paid to the processes of mutual permeating, accepting and rejecting, affirming and negating of Zadar’s periphery, one of the most important peripheries of the Croatian literary canon, and its national center, Zagreb’s mainstream. This issue will be presented through paradigmatic writers and journals that marked key periods of Croatian linguistic and literary homogenization: in the period of (pre)romanticism, during 1840s, this implies the journal Zora dalmatinska and paradigmatic personalities of the literary circle formed around that revival journal (Šime Starčević and Petar Preradović, even Ana Vidović); in the period of folk-enlightenment (pre)realism, from the sixties to the end of the eighties, this includes paradigmatic personality of the Croatian National Revival in Dalmatia – politician and writer Mihovil Pavlinović, as well as Iskra journal and its editor Nikola Šimić (a writer who created a specific peripheral genre of folk stories from rural life); in the time of disintegration of realism and turning towards modernist styles this implies the initiator of Croatian modern literary criticism Jakša Čedomil and the prominent names of the Croatian literary canon in the period of moderna – Ivo Vojnović, Vladimir Nazor and Milan Begović, as well as Lovor magazine of Milutin Cihlar Nehajev.
Incydentalne wykonywanie czynności zarobkowych w trakcie pobierania zasiłku chorobowego
Authors: Mędrala Małgorzata
Published: July 2021

The aim of the paper is to analyse controversial situations in the Polish judicial practice relating to performing incidental paid activities in times of sick leave, both by the insured – employees and persons not being employees, especially entrepreneurs. According to the Author’s opinion only social activities or incidental and mainly formal occupational activities can be qualified as the exceptions from the rule of the loss of the right to sickness benefit. Such view is justified by the public character and formality of the system of social security. Situations resulting in a possible loss of sickness benefit should be assessed each time in the context of the principle of proportionality.
Ustalenie właściwości organu administracji publicznej w zakresie prowadzenia egzekucji obowiązkowych szczepień ochronnych i występowania z wnioskiem o ukaranie za uchylanie się od tego obowiązku
Authors: Czechowicz Sebastian
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to determine the authority competent to carry out the execution of the obligation to vaccinate, as well as the authority competent to apply for punishment of those who persistently evade preventive vaccinations on the basis of the Code of Misdemeanours in Poland. After analysing the competencies of the public administration bodies and comparing them with the judicial decisions of the administrative courts and the Supreme Court issued in cases involving mandatory preventive vaccination, which present an inconsistent line of jurisprudence, the author concludes that the enforcement body is the province governor. However, it is necessary to postulate legislative changes, primarily in the area of the possible transfer of competencies from the province governor to the State Sanitary Inspection.
Sądownictwo konstytucyjne w państwie polskim w XX wieku
Authors: Jastrzębski Robert
Published: July 2021

The article concerns the constitutional judiciary in the Polish state in relation to the formation of the rule of law in Europe. The author describes the history of systemic postulates regarding examining the compliance of laws with the constitution, shows the provisions of successive constitutions of the interwar period and after 1945, and indicates that the economic, social and political crisis in the late 1980s and early 90s forced changes in the system. The result was the amendment of the 1952 Constitution in 1982, the Constitutional Tribunal having been established as late as 1985. Nowadays the activities of the Constitutional Tribunal are regulated by the Constitution of 1997 and its rulings are final.
Czy zgodnie z Konstytucją RP możliwa jest ratyfikacja decyzji Rady Europejskiej (UE, Euroatom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. dotyczącej systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej bez zgody wyrażonej w ustawie przez Sejm i Senat RP?
Authors: Opaliński Bartłomiej
Published: July 2021

In the author’s opinion, on the grounds of the Constitution it is not possible to ratify the Council’s decision without the consent expressed in a law by the Sejm and the Senate. This decision causes a significant financial burden on the state and concerns matters for which the Constitution requires a statute. The Council’s decision has the effect of transferring to an international organization the competences of public authorities in certain matters. The author of the opinion estimates that the best form of expressing consent to the ratification of the decision of the Council would be to determine the mode of nationwide referendum by the Sejm.
Poręczenie indywidualne posła, jako osoby godnej zaufania, w toku postępowania karnego (art. 272 Kodeksu postępowania karnego)
Authors: Podraza Natalia
Published: July 2021

The author of the opinion indicates that individual guarantee is a non-custodial preventive measure used in the course of criminal proceedings and a trustworthy person is a person who is trustworthy – who guarantees the fulfilment of the obligations imposed on him/her in the bail decision, as well as ensures the fulfilment of procedural obligations imposed on the defendant. The doctrine of criminal procedure indicates that persons who hold functions obtained by direct election, i.e., for example, deputies, senators, or mayors of cities, may become trustworthy persons.
Objęcie zakresem kontroli poselskiej fundacji Skarbu Państwa
Authors: Gierach Ewelina
Published: July 2021

In the opinion of the author, Deputies have the right to exercise their powers of control over government and local government administration bodies pursuant to the provisions of the Act on the Exercise of the Member’s and Senator’s Mandate. The author points herein to companies with the State Treasury’s shareholding, state and local government establishments and enterprises as well as social organisations and non-state economy units. The analysed regulations do not explicitly name foundations among these entities. On the other hand, the subjective scope of Deputy’s control covers State Treasury foundations established on the basis of statutes, and the scope of control of State Treasury foundations is determined by the contents of binding statutory rules and internal statutes of such foundations.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА РОЗВИВАЛЬНА ПРОГРАМА «АКТИВІЗАЦІЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ РЕФЛЕКСІЇ ТА САМОРОЗВИТКУ МАЙБУТНІХ ДОКУМЕНТОЗНАВЦІВ»
Authors: Іващенко Андрій , Іващенко Альона
Published: July 2021

В статті презентована комплексна психологічна розвивальна програма активізації професійної рефлексії та саморозвитку майбутніх документознавців, що ґрунтується на ідеї особистісно орієнтованого виховання особистості. Основна ідея цього виховання полягає в моделюванні таких виховних ситуацій, які б спонукали особистість до самопізнання і саморозвитку. Серед основних завдань програми варто виокремити такі: розкриття суті поняття «професійна рефлексія» студентів; актуалізація ціннісного ставлення до себе з позиції «Я-професіонал»; підвищення у майбутніх документознавців активності щодо оволодіння професією; поглиблення знань способів і прийомів ефективної професійної рефлексії. Основновоположною стратегією цієї психологічної розвивальної програми стала активізація професійної рефлексії майбутніх документознавців й інтересу до рефлексивної діяльності та, як наслідок, їхній саморозвиток у майбутній професійній діяльності. Для реалізації поставлених завдань проводились такі заходи зі студентами: міні лекції, інформаційні відеоролики, туторіал, побудова інтелектуальної карти, відеофільми, дискусії. Також застосовувались синквейни, ведення щоденника рефлексії під час практики, розробка та показ студентами відеопрезентацій. Крім того, студенти активно долучались до участі в фестивалях, семінарах, тренінгах як волонтери та спікери, що допомагало їм зрозуміти свої сильні та слабкі сторони, над якими варто попрацювати. Впровадження психологічної розвивальної програми сприятиме зростанню усвідомленого прагнення студентів до самопізнання, самоосвіти, зміні ціннісного самоставлення, зростанню готовності до самореалізації та прагнення до саморозвитку в професії. Розроблений інструментарій спрямований на допомогу академічним кураторам, викладачам і практичним психологам закладів вищої освіти з метою підвищення потенціалу професійної рефлексії та саморозвитку майбутніх документознавців.

Література

Бех, І.Д. (2008). Виховання особистості: Підручник. Київ : Либідь.

Вернидуб, Р. (2019). Забезпечення якості професійної підготовки майбутнього вчителя: політика селекції. Interdisciplinary Studies of Complex Systems, 15, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.31392/iscs.2019.15.005

Власов, П.К. (2014). Партнерское общение. Тренинг. Игры и упражнения. Методические материалы для ведущего тренинги. Харьков : Изд-во «Гуманитарний центр».

Федосєєва, І.В. (2013). Психотренінг спілкування: навч. посібник. Переяслав-Хмельницький : СКД.

Іщук, О.В. (2013). Чинники становлення професійної ідентичності студентів вищого навчального закладу. Проблеми сучасної психології, 2, 120–127.
Ethnoaesthetics of the Ukrainian folk song tradition in the performance of the singer Oksana Mukha
Authors: Osypenko V.
Published: July 2021

The topicality is associated with the need for musicological understanding of the value categories of ethnoaesthetics in the creative activity of singers that represent the Ukrainian folk song tradition in modern variety vocal art.
The purpose of the article is to identify ethno-aesthetic value components in the performance of O. Mukha as a personification of the uniqueness of the Ukrainian national expression.
The methodology consists of scientific works of prominent Ukrainian scientists devoted to the study of ethno-aesthetic ideas and criteria in the traditional songs of Ukraine (Y. Harasym, T. Orlova, V. Lychkova), as well as genre-style and performance specifics of Ukrainian musical folklore (K. Kvitka, F. Kolessa, A. Ivanytskyi, S. Hryts).
The results. The artistic imagery of the iconic folk songs of O. Mukha repertoire, which is a part of the ethno-aesthetic fund of the Ukrainian folk song tradition, is considered. The general features of ethnoaesthetics of the folk song performing tradition of Ukraine, including its vocal and technical component are outlined.
The novelty. The article considers the performance of O. Mukha for the first time and reveals ethnoaesthetic value components in it.
The practical significance. The study of the essence of folk singing as an art with its own artistic and value component, based on an established system of qualitative components of ethnoaesthetics, as well as the study of performing experience of prominent Ukrainian folk singers are the necessary practical material for creating a scientific basis and general methodology of folk vocal art.
The conclusions. Musical ethnoaesthetics as a component of traditional culture covers the semantic field of songs, concentrating on the structure, rhythmics and size of a poem, the richness of national melos, its intonation and tonality basis. Ethnoaesthetics of the folk song tradition of Ukraine is manifested in the uniqueness of the national expression, namely: vocal-timbre color of sound, in the peculiarities of intonation, freedom of metro-rhythmic movement, variability and melismatic richness.
In O. Mukha’s works, the creation of the sound matter of the modern performance version of a folk song is based on the perception of song intonation as sound emotion and understanding of the boundless ocean of ancient symbols of the national musical language, which during centuries has crystallized in the folk song tradition. Her works grow out from the reflection on the national song culture and traditions of her family. Work on each ancient relict of tradition is based on discovering the potential of the power of its aesthetic, spiritual and emotional impact on listeners, perception of the stock of expressive possibilities.
Conceptual basis of the art of “Theatre of Shock”
Authors: Patsunov V.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to develop the fundamental basis of the art of “theatre of shock”, as the art of the highest spiritual and emotional level, as well as to identify the characteristic features and directorial components that provide it.
The methodology. We applied the analytic-conceptual and empirical approaches to identify the most energy-intensive artistic means of creating a theatrical product and the most effective directorial tools for influencing the spiritual-emotional sphere of the viewer by creating the highest energy and philosophical and aesthetic level that can bring the audience to a state of shock.
The results. For the first time in art criticism, an analysis of the generalization and systematization of director’s tools and ways was carried out, the creation of a “shock” for the creation of theatrical art. The concept proposed by the author crowns the triangle that, together with the art of “dissimulation theatre” and the art of “excitement theatre”, is the technological trinity of theatrical art: dissimulation — excitement — shock. The study conducted by the author gives grounds to conclude that the creation of theatrical performances, belonging to the art of the highest spiritual and emotional level — to the art of “theatre of shock”, is possible if such fundamental components as: sealed module of dramaturgy, “muscles” of play events, scenographic directing, metaphorical vocabulary, means of psychological theater and energy field of actors’ “emission” are embodied in the stage space. The model of the “theater of shock” assumes complete domination over the emotions of the spectator, the deepest immersion in the whirlpool of dramatic events and bringing to a deep trance with a powerful energy field of emission.
The topicality. This paper contains such terms as “theater of shock”, “theater of trance”, “scenographic directing”, “molecular directing” are introduced into scientific circulation.
The practical significance. Scientific development of ways, methods and means of creating the “theater of shock” as a kind of the most powerful energy and philosophical-typical level can be implemented in the educational process. Along with this presentation the concept of “theater of shock” can have its continuation in the theses of students with degrees in the field of art history, opens the prospect of updating the theatrical palette.
Analysis of the Scientific Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Chilean Universities
Authors: Colther Cristian , Piffaut Pedro , Montecinos Alba
Published: July 2021

This research analyzes the scientific production of Chilean universities for the period 2013-2017 using a balanced panel data. The methodology uses an aggregate production function of the Cobb-Douglas type solved by means of a fixed effects panel data model, a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The main results show that the models are equivalent and complementary in their analysis -They quantify the impact of financial resources and advanced human capital. The fixed effects model shows that the Chilean university system experiences increasing returns to scale, and the SFA model showed important efficiency gaps among universities. These results are relevant, since the models allow the follow-up and monitoring of public investment, of hiring programs by HEIs, and finally, the adequacy of public policies towards Science and Technology.
Women Who Choose Science: How Self-efficacy, Outcome Expectations, Barriers and Support Perceived Influence the Career Choice
Authors: Carrasco Salazar Evelyn , Valenzuela Vidal Daniela
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research Â Â from an exploratory-descriptive approach, is to reveal the characteristics of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, barriers and support perceived by women who are studying their first year of Science and Technology (STEM) careers at universities in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Through semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), it was possible to identify three factors related Â to their career choice: personal, agency and contextual elements, which act by fostering or blocking the process. Despite choosing STEM careers, female students have doubts related to gender stereotypes and socio-emotional aspects such as anxiety and low tolerance to frustration. However, a positive self-efficacy and outcome expectations, family support and womenÂ´s student networks act as important drivers.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Madagascar 1997
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Madagascar Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Malawi 1992
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Mozambique 1997
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Nepal 1996
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Nicaragua 1998
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Nicaragua Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Peru 1996
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Peru Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Philippines 1998
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Philippines Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Senegal 1992–1993 and 1997
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Senegal Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Uzbekistan 1996
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Zimbabwe 1999
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Biodiversity of the Fusarium fungi causing root rot of winter cereals in Belarus
Authors: Krupenko* N. A. , Buga S. F. , Zhukovskiy A. G. , Odintsova I. N. , Zhukovskaya A. A. , Pilat T. G. , Leshkevich V. G.
Published: July 2021

Fusarium fungi are the main causal agents of root rot of winter cereals in Belarus. As many as 12 different species were identified, with occurrence being dependent on the cereal host species and weather conditions during the growing season. Lack of precipitation from April to July led to decreasing fungal biodiversity. Fusarium pathogen complex on wheat roots was formed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, whereas F. equiseti and F. oxysporum prevailed on triticale and rye, and F. solani, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti dominated on barley root systems. The infestation of root with F. oxysporum increased under dry conditions. In contrast, F. culmorum was isolated from root system of wheat and triticale more frequently when rainfall was sufficient. For the first time, F. cerealis and F. tricinctum were isolated from triticale, and F. cerealis from rye only, in the Republic of Belarus.
Sustainability assessment of the resistance of smooth bromegrass varieties to the causative agent of helminthosporiosis on an artificial infectious background
Authors: Kostenko N. Y.
Published: July 2021

Smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) is widespread perennial grass and high quality feed. It is characterized by hight frost resistance. The main direction in breeding work is breeding of varieties with high seed productivity and with increased resistance to diseases. The research was carried out using an artificial infectious background in the immunology laboratory in FWRC FPA (previously, the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute). This research took place in Lobnya, Mytishchi district, Moscow region, in 2018 -2020 years. Long-term phytosanitary monitoring of crops showed that the most common disease of this culture is brown leaf spot (helminthosporium). Seed germination decreases by 21-41% to this patgen. 16 samples of smooth bromegrass was planted in the artificial infectious background to determine their disease resistance in 2018 According to the study carried out, it was found that the disease reaches its peak at the stage of seed ripening. Sample # 2 and sample # 12 on average exceeded the standard variety Fakelny by 12% for resistance to pathogens of helminthosporiosis (among the studied samples, according to three-year data). Sample # 2 and sample # 12 can be recommended for inclusion in the breeding process to create modern intensive type varieties.
Sanitary and epidemiological significance and resistance to insecticides of houseflies Musca domestica (Analytical Literature Review, 2000-2021)
Authors: Davlianidze* T. A. , Eremina O. Yu.
Published: July 2021

Insect resistance to insecticides has been and remains a serious problem affecting insect control worldwide. The fight against houseflies is an important part of pest control measures due to the ability of insects to carry pathogens of infectious diseases of humans and animals. But many of the chemicals that have been shown to be effective against them cease to work after just a few years of use. The intensive use of insecticides in world practice has led to the development of natural populations of houseflies that are resistant to all groups of insecticides used to control them. This species is one of the ten insect species that have developed resistance to the maximal amount of active substances. The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign and Russian authors on the insecticide resistance of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) over the past 20 years. Data on the resistance of house flies to both traditional insecticides and new chemicals are presented. The main mechanisms of insect resistance and the factors of its development are described. Schemes of rotation of insecticides in the controlling winged flies are given. The review analyzed 101 sources from 11 countries of the world.