bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging the persistent radical effect in the synthesis of trans-2,3-diaryl-dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Roldan Bec , Hammerstad Travis , Galliher Matthew , Keylor Mitchell , Pratt Derek , Stephenson Corey
Published: April 2023

A simple method for accessing trans-2,3-diaryl-dihydrobenzofurans is reported. This approach leverages a persistent radical equilibrium between quinone methide dimers and the persistent phenoxyl radicals derived therefrom. This equilibrium is disrupted by phenols that yield transient phenoxyl radicals, leading to cross-coupling between persistent and transient radicals. The resultant quinone methides with pendant phenols rapidly cyclize to dihydrobenzofurans (DHBs). This putatively biomimetic access to dihydrobenzofurans provides superb functional group tolerance and a unified approach for the synthesis of resveratrol-based natural products.
A comparison among bio-derived acids as selective eco-friendly leaching agents for cobalt: the case study of hard metals waste enhancement
Authors: Oumarou Amadou Amadou , Cera Martina , Piredda Martina , Cara Stefano , De Gaudenzi Gian Pietro , Matharu Avtar Singh , Marchiò Luciano , Tegoni Matteo , Muntoni Aldo , De Gioannis Giorgia , SERPE ANGELA
Published: April 2023

Peculiar chemical, mechanical and magnetic properties make cobalt a key metal for a variety of “hot” applications like cathode production of Li-ion batteries. Cobalt is also the preferred metallic binder for tungsten carbide tools manufacturing. The recent increasing criticality of cobalt and tungsten is driving the interest of manufacturers and researchers towards high-rate recycling of Hard Metals (HMs) waste for limiting the demand of raw materials. A simple and environmentally friendly hydrometallurgical route for Co selective dissolution from HM wastes was developed by using weak, bio-derived and biodegradable organic acids (OAs). In this study OAs, namely acetic (HAc), citric (H3Cit), maleic (H2Mal), lactic (HLac), succinic (H2Suc), lactobionic (HLB), and itaconic (H2It) acids, were selected for their pKa1 values spanning from 1.8 to 4.7 and systematically tested as selective cobalt leaching agents from WC-Co-based wastes in water, isolating the formed complexes at the solid state. Thereby, all of them seemed to be efficient in selective Co-leaching, achieving almost quantitative Co dissolution from HM by-products still at low concentration level and room conditions in a short time, leaving the residual WC unreacted and ready to be re-employed for industrial purposes. Nevertheless, two main categories of organic acids were distinguished depending on their oxidizing/complexing behavior: Class 1 OAs, where the metal oxidation is carried out by H+; Class 2 OAs where oxidation is played by an external oxidant like O2. A combined experimental/theoretical investigation is here described to show the reasons behind this peculiar behavior and laid the foundation for a wider discussion on the leaching capabilities of OAs towards elemental metals. Due to the demonstrated effectiveness, low cost, eco-friendliness and large availability through biotechnological fermentative processes, particular attention is here devoted to the use of HLac in hydrometallurgy as an example of Class 2 OA. WC-Co materials recovered by HLac mild hydrometallurgy demonstrated a metallurgical quality suitable for re-employment in the HM manufacturing process.
Fluorescent Ligand Enables Target Engagement Studies for the Intracellular Allosteric Binding Site of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR2
Authors: Huber Max , Wurnig Silas , Toy Lara , Weiler Corinna , Merten Nicole , Kostenis Evi , Hansen Finn , Schiedel Matthias
Published: April 2023

Fluorescently labeled ligands are versatile molecular tools to study G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and can be used for a range of different applications, including bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays and fluorescence microscopy. Herein, we report the structure-based development of a fluorescent ligand targeting the intracellular allosteric binding site (IABS) of the CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a class A GPCR that has been pursued as a drug target in oncology and inflammation. Starting from the co-crystallized intracellular CXCR2 antagonist 00767013 (1), a tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-labeled CXCR2 ligand was designed, synthesized, and tested for its suitability as a fluorescent reporter to probe binding to the IABS of CXCR2. By means of these studies, we developed Mz438 (9) as a high affinity fluorescent CXCR2 ligand, enabling cell-free as well as cellular NanoBRET-based binding studies in a non-isotopic and high throughput manner. Further, we show that 9 can be used as a tool to visualize intracellular target engagement for CXCR2 via fluorescence microscopy. Thus, our small molecule-based fluorescent CXCR2 ligand 9 represents a promising tool for future studies of CXCR2 pharmacology.
Exploring the Chemical Space of C3H2NO Isomers and Bimolecular Reactions with Hydrogen Cyanide and Formaldehyde: Insights into the Emergence of Life
Authors: Panda Sunanda , Chiranjibi Ayusman , Awasthi Devesh , Anoop Anakuthil
Published: April 2023

The emergence of life remains one of the most intriguing scientific questions, and understanding the chemical processes that led to it is essential. Recent discoveries of C3H2NO isomers in the interstellar medium have motivated further exploration of this molecular formula. Here, we use density functional theory to explore the potential energy surface of C3H2NO isomers, including acyclic and cyclic structures, and identify twelve low-lying isomers. We then investigate bimolecular reaction with HCN and H2CO using an artificial force-induced automated search and transition state search for the minimal energy routes. Our results predict the formation of Oxiran- 2-ylazanide and (Z)2-aminoacetaldehyde as the kinetically and thermodynamically controlled products, respectively. These results provide insights into the potential formation of biomarkers such as N-methyleneformamide in the interstellar medium, which have been found in recent years. Our study contributes to prebiotic chemistry and offers a critical step toward understanding the chemical processes that led to the emergence of life in the universe.
Cation Coordination Polyhedra Lead to Multiple Lengthscale Organization in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Wei Yihui , Nienhuis Emily , Mergelsberg Sebastian , Graham Trent , Guo Qing , Schenter Gregory , Pearce Carolyn , Clark Aurora
Published: April 2023

Although long recognized, understanding multiple lengthscale correlations in the X-ray and neutron pair distribution functions of aqueous electrolytes remains a persistent challenge. This work leverages polyoxoanions to support cation-centric coordination polyhedra in NaNO$_{3(aq)}$ and NaNO$_{2(aq)}$ with characteristic pair-wise correlations interpreted through classical molecular dynamics simulations and graph-theoretical analyses. We demonstrate that the water oxygen Ow $\cdots$ Ow correlations associated with Na$^+$-coordination polyhedra (and their oligomers) have two characteristics lengthscales. That between 3.5 - 5.5 \AA\ is associated with Ow coordinated to the same Na$^+$, while the second between 5.5 - 7.5 \AA\ is associated with Ow coordinating different Na$^+$ connected by bridging anions, corner-, edge-, or face-sharing. The ubiquitous contraction of the PDF between 5.5 - 7.5 \AA\ observed in many electrolytes derives from the loss of the many-body bulk Ow $\cdots$ Ow and growth of all combinations of Ow and On correlations that emerge due to the ion network of Na-coordination polyhedra.
Cellulose-Callose Hydrogels: a Computational Exploration of their Structure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Benitez-Alfonso Yoselin , Ballone Pietro
Published: April 2023

The accumulation of callose ($\beta$-1,3 glucans) greatly affects plant cell wall physico-mechanical properties and intercellular communication. In this paper, the structural, bonding and mechanical properties of cellulose - callose hydrogel mixtures, consisting of $90$ wt\% water and $10$ wt\% polysaccharide, have been investigated by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Systems of this kind have recently been investigated experimentally aiming at gaining insight into the properties underlying callose roles in plant cell walls. The simulation results show that samples of $N=1.5\times 10^6$ atoms and volume $V=(25)^3$ nm$^3$ simulated for $300$ ns provide a qualitatively consistent view of the hydrogel properties, although a quantitative comparison with experiments might require to extend significantly the linear size of the samples and the time scale of the simulation. A complementary set of simulations have been carried out for model samples representing dense cellulose-callose structures, contaminated by or immersed in water. The results provide a valuable microscopic picture for the interpretation of experimental data on cellulose-callose hydrogels, and, in perspective, might help understanding the role of mixing callose and cellulose in critical cell wall structures. All the simulation data provide a tuning and testing ground for the development of coarse-grained models that are required for the systematic investigation of mechanical properties of cellulose, callose and water mixtures.
The etiopathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: A review
Authors: Alali Ola M. , Churnosov Mikhail I.
Published: April 2023

Background. The most frequent female reproductive system tumors are uterine leiomyoma (UL). They are benign monoclonal tumors of uterine smooth muscle. They affect reproductive-age women with a lifetime prevalence of 3070%. UL is a disease with complex etiology determined by many genetic and environmental factors. Despite the frequency of UL, there is no long-term, cost-effective or fertility-preserving therapy option for it.
Aim. To summarize the available literature data on the etiopathogenesis of uterine fibroids as well as the risk factors for the development of this disease.
Materials and methods. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science literature databases were searched for relevant articles using such keywords as uterine fibroids, UL, association, genetic and hormonal factors, gene, etiology in various combinations.
Results. Genetic disorders and hormonal and growth factors all have a part in the etiology of UL, and studies have resulted to the use of hormone therapy for fibroids, with varying results. Recent findings on the etiopathogenesis of UL, as well as the introduction of relevant genetically modified mouse models of UL, have rekindled interest in the disease. In this review, the basic features of fibroids are discussed, as well as the primary contributors to UL etiopathogenesis, including as genetic, hormonal, and growth causes. Besides the risk factors that contribute to the development of UL.
Conclusion. Many questions about the causes and mechanisms of development factors that predispose remain unanswered, necessitating the continuation of these studies in order to obtain new information. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the biology and epidemiological associations, both to better understand modifiable risk factors and to shed light on the etiopathogenesis of this disease.
Terlipressin in obstetric and gynecological practice: a case of a missed miscarriage in late pregnancy complicated by bleeding. Case report
Authors: Tskhay Vitaly B. , Yametov Pavel K. , Raspopin Yuriy S. , Yametova Natalia M. , Polstyanaya Galina N. , Ryabinin Daniil A.
Published: April 2023

A few randomized multicenter studies indicate that prophylactic vasopressin in obstetric and gynecological surgeries is mainly safe and associated with a significant reduction in intraoperative blood loss. This article reviews recent scientific papers describing the use of vasopressin in obstetric and gynecological practice with an assessment of its effectiveness depending on the dose and route of administration. We present a clinical case demonstrating that drugs with a vasopressor effect, in particular terlipressin, in a patient with uterine bleeding after a late induced miscarriage allowed to obtain an excellent hemostatic effect and avoid the need for additional methods of surgical hemostasis.
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Authors: Neelam
Published: April 2023

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Clinical Reasoning in Physiotherapy
Authors: Pearlson K Prof.
Published: April 2023

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Educational space as object of socio-geographical research
Authors: Bilous Yurii , Bilous Victoriia
Published: April 2023

The relevance of the study of the general educational space is strengthened by the fact that significant transformations are currently taking place in the general educational space as a component of the social space, which are taking place in parallel with the implementation of the decentralization reform. The article analyzes socio-geographical approaches to the study of the concept of general educational space, which we propose to consider as a component of educational space, from the point of view of general secondary education institutions. The place of educational space, as a component of geospace, is outlined in the socio-economic space, because it is the result of the interaction of social and economic spaces. The study identified local centers of the educational space that belong to educational institutions.

The concept of "general educational space" is characterized, which we propose to define as the territory on which general secondary education institutions of various types and forms, as well as participants of the educational process, which ensure the implementation of educational activities, function, organize the general educational process and interact with each other. We determined the structure and properties of the general educational space. We propose to consider the structure of the general educational space as three-dimensional, highlighting at the same time such components (dimensions) as: territorial placement of educational institutions; participants in the general education process; the quality of providing educational services. General educational space, as a component of geospace, is characterized by such indicators as: length, dynamism, structure and continuity. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the functioning of the general educational space were described. Characterization of the structure of the general educational space of the regional region, which plays a special role in the study of the development of education, was carried out.

The general educational space has the potential that creates the foundation of national security, ensures the competitiveness of the country, the region among other national state bodies.
Theoretical principles of spatial analysis of the history of administrative-territorial division
Authors: Havriushyn Oleksandr
Published: April 2023

The article considers the theoretical aspects of spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of changes in the administrative-territorial division, its history. It is shown that despite the presence of a significant number of publications on the history of administrative-territorial division, the complex issue of its detailed spatial analysis has not been resolved. The main focus of the author of the article is on diachronic analysis. Levels of analysis are highlighted depending on which object from the history of territorial division is analyzed (one-dimensional linear objects – administrative boundaries, dynamic polygonal objects – administrative units, objects denoting changes, or arbitrary territories and territories with an identical history of administrative affiliation, within which the history of specific objects in the history of administrative-territorial division is summarized with the calculation of the corresponding aggregative indicator).

The difference between the study of change as part of the history of specific objects of territorial organization and the study of change as individual spatial objects is described. The principles of allocation of areas of spatial changes, their varieties are described. For each level of analysis, the types of objects that can be units of mapping on analytical or synthetic maps from the history of administrative-territorial division are proposed and described in detail. Typical operations on space-time data on the history of territorial division are considered. Examples of specific indicators on the history of administrative-territorial division that can be calculated for the described objects are given. Differences in the calculation of similar in meaning indicators for objects of different types are described. Particular attention is paid to indicators-aggregates of the history of administrative-territorial division within individual territories. Classifications of such indicators are given. In particular, local aggregates, focal aggregates and aggregates of dynamic objects are distinguished. Examples of the analysis of the administrative reform of 2020 at the district level within the Dnipropetrovsk region are given. The features of comparative analysis of individual states or periods for different objects of change are briefly described.
The Ukrainian Pryazovye: composition, uniqueness, variability of the recreational development
Authors: Beidyk Alexander , Komliev Oleksandr , Donchenko Larysa , Arsenenko Iryna , Topalova Olesia , Donets Iryna
Published: April 2023

The regulations have been grounded in the article according to which the Ukrainian Pryazovye is positioned as the unique resource-recreational space, cultural-world outlook, landscape-physical-geographical, recreational-tourist resources (available and latent, current and potential) of which are used extremely insufficiently. Bodies, forces and phenomena of nature and society are meant by cultural and ideological resources that affect behavior, character, spiritual and physical development of man during the recreational cycle. Against the background of temporary limitation of the use by the Ukraine of the part of its Azov-Black Sea coast, the Ukrainian Pryazovye receives the option to increase its resource and recreational rating and to strengthen the national recreational and tourist branch as a whole, which requires the balanced, constructive and delicate attitude to this territory.

The last consists of three sectors-connections, which are the largest by area, length and recreational mastery of which there is the Zaporizhzhya Pryazoviye. It has been emphasized that the level of ensuring of the territory of the Ukraine with recreational and tourist resources and the degree of the promotion of tourist products compared with other countries has medium and low level, the vulnerability of which during existential threats (temporary loss of the Crimea, Covid-19, the destruction of architectural and historical environment) increases at times. So, the reassessment of the eco-health-improvement and tourist meaning of the Ukrainian Pryazovye, the "reflashing" of the strategy of its further development against this background becomes more than obvious. This topicality is reinforced with the analysis of the significant array of the publications from the subject-object essence of the research, which expands and deepens the theory of resource-recreational scientific and practical direction (the number of the new concepts has been introduced), emphasizes the anthropocentric character of recreational geography, gives 5 hypothetical scenarios of the development of recreational and tourist branch in the regional and the national format on the operational perspective and contains generalizing cartographic models of the development of the regional environmental and recreational and tourist function.
GLAMOROUS STABILITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Komarova Tetiana
Published: April 2023

The problem of stability / instability of the modern state and factors of overcoming destructive phenomena are considered, the most important of which is excessive growth of phenomenon of chance in political development. The article is devoted to problems of specificity of explication of concept of glamorous stability in the information epoch. The content of axiological guidelines, which are priority for forming stability of both society and political regime, was analyzed. It is determined that information and communication technologies can be "digested" by interaction technologies and public practices according to their needs and purposes. The author analyzes what value meanings in formation of identities contribute to stabilization in political sphere and social adaptation as a whole. Author notes negativism of tendency to priority of technology over axiology in spiritual and practical mastering of the world by human. The calls of modern times are reflected on understanding of democracy: procedure’s aspects are prevails over substantial side. It is logical that sharpening of contradictions in the orbit of such important axiological meanings as stability, democracy, freedom.
POLITICAL DIALOGUE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATIONAL CHANGES
Authors: Denysiuk Anastasiia
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes the possibility of implementing a political dialogue between states in the context of globalization. Attention is drawn to the existence of states of different types, differing in political regimes and traditions. This situation complicates communication between them and making effective decisions for all participants in the interaction. A political dialogue is modeled between states that differ in resources and degree of influence. They consider mechanisms for building a dialogue between states in order to maintain a balance between defending the interests of citizens and realizing the values ​​of globalization. Attention is focused on the fact that it is necessary to form and consolidate at the international legislative level the functions and methods of influence of a superstate organization that would act as a guarantor of the security of each state and create conditions for maintaining and implementing the results of a political dialogue.

The prospects for asserting the authority of Ukraine in international relations are considered. Actual tasks are systematized, the solution of which will help Ukraine get the role of an influential state in a globalized world. We are talking about improving the legal framework, developing effective mechanisms for harmonizing domestic law with Western European law. It is important to introduce effective organizational and legal mechanisms of state administration and minimize the commercialization of the information space.

It is substantiated that it is necessary to form an international parliamentary group that would deal with issues of coordination of global socio-economic policy. It is noted that it is important to consolidate at the international legislative level the functions and methods of influence of the supranational organization, which would be the guarantor of world security and would create conditions for conducting and implementing political dialogue.
THE SUBJECT MATTER AND FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL CONSULTING
Authors: Rubanov Victor
Published: April 2023

Subject and functions of political consulting are analyzed, which plays rather an important productive and procedural role within the frame of scholarly process aimed at preparing and finally taking crucial political decisions as well as their subsequent implementations. In spite of the fact, its practical use as a scholarly instrument for political decision-making have been yet imperfect, fragmentary, thus it cannot meet the real political necessities of today. Such a state of things is determined, on the one hand, by the significant increase of the subjects of the said process, namely, members of business circles, mass media, profile expertize and analysis centers, specializing in preparatory steps for political decision-making. While, on the other hand, the exact procedural role of political consultants in a very complicated process of new policies emerging has, up to now, been studied dramatically inadequate. Inadequate is, first and foremost, studying political consulting as a classical specialized scholarly instrument, designed not only for optimization of electoral process, market relations in society, but also for working out optimum variants of any political decisions.

The purpose of this article is to solve the above-descried scholarly problem, i.e. defining of the subject matter and functions of political consulting as a scholarly subject of political and managerial nature as well as defining its role within the sphere of Political Analysis. All told, the author has analyzed various approaches of other scholars to definitions of political consulting’s essence as a socio-political phenomenon and also as a scientific notion. The author has thoroughly studied exact procedural functions of political consulting as a relatively independent scholarly subject and as an inalienable element of Political Analysis, providing for scientific basis for the preparation of modern political decisions.

The said analysis of the problem has resulted in the author’s attempt to determine, within the system of Political Analysis, the exact procedural functions of political consulting as a specialized scholarly subject in the framework of political management, its theoretical and methodological fundamentals, including the sphere of practical politics. The article also defines the exact procedural role of political consulting in the scientifically-based process of preparing political decisions, final decision-making and their practical implementations.
Features of the functioning of the token blood in the texts of Ukrainian folk spells
Authors: Shuliak Svitlana
Published: April 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of the functioning of the token blood in the texts of Ukrainian spells. In the article we determine dominant thematic groups of spells, in which the semantic content of the analyzed token is reflected. Blood is an integral part of spells from preoccupation, lessons, pain, wind, bedsores, scurvy, jaundice, erysipelas, hair, cutters, erysipelas, fever, snake or viper bite. The rest of the spells are aimed at stopping the blood in humans or animals. The symbolic meanings of the red color sign, its emotionally expressive charge, association with vital forces are considered. In blood spells, red has a special function. It enhances the imagery and impact of the text on the person. The blood in the spells is usually red. It is a constant epithet for the noun blood, which arose as a result of perception of the world through sight. In some texts with spells the token blood becomes a representative of the threat, functioning in the phrases black blood, fierce blood, and hot blood. There are spells in which we find a direct appeal to blood, because in such texts it is spiritual, alive. Often the token blood is replaced by the nomination bloody, red. Appeals perform a characterizing function; they act as a way of organization and are correlated with all the statements of the text. In spells of blood at people we often fix images of mythological three rivers: water, honey, bloody. Christian vocabulary predominates in the texts of Ukrainian folk spells of blood: the Lord God, the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of God, St. George, Elijah. The Mother of God is endowed with extraordinary opportunities in the spells of blood. She can lock the sea with a key, which means stopping the blood; or as she sews up the sea, so she sews up the wound so that the blood does not flow. Christian images of the Mother of God and God, function in personified appealing constructions of a commanding nature. The magic reflected in the texts with spells is a kind of primitive "science" aimed at achieving a pragmatic goal by means appropriate to the mythological picture of the world. Based on the idea of language as a suggestive phenomenon, the implementation of the influential function of language in the texts of Ukrainian spells is determined.
Innovative semantics of modern English prefixal verbs
Authors: Dudok Anna
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the study of neоlogisms of prefixal verbs of modern English. The essence of the concept of "neologism" and its definition based on the authoritative views of linguists and the author's vision are highlighted. The analysis of active conductive neological processes of the prefix verb in the system of modern English is carried out. It is noted that prefixation is the most productive way of forming verbs. It is proved that the main function of neologism is not only in naming a new subject of reality, but also in the need to clarify and form its semantics, is the result of linguistic and creative activities associated with the transition of a new verb unit from individual concrete usage to the language community. The argument is given that the evolution of innovative semantics in verbs occurs according to common law, i.e. lexical innovations can be associated with a new referent. The article outlines the perspective that rethinking and semantic shifts cause the processes of expansion and contraction of the semantic volume of the prefixal neologism, the formation of new meanings and changes in the scope of their functioning in modern English. The article concludes that the presence of a generalized invariant feature of the prefix in terms of language and its differential features in terms of speech, is a factor in generalizing different senses of the prefix verb. The description of the ways of verb neologisms and development of new meanings and uses of prefix verbs will have perspectives for lexicographic practice of compiling dictionaries of different types, will promote in-depth understanding, structural-semantic functional-pragmatic and word-forming aspects of verb neological vocabulary.
Non-heroic heroes of the dystopia: the novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro in the context of modern literature
Authors: Andreichykova Olena
Published: April 2023

The article examines the features of the characters of the heroes of Kazuo Ishiguro's novel "Don't Let Me Go" in the context of the dystopia of the 21st century. Based on a comparison of the dystopias of the 20th century on the one hand, and dystopias of the 21st century on the other hand, the tendencies of the development of this genre and the principles of reflection of the world outlook of the heroes are traced. It is noted that a distinctive feature of 20th century dystopias is the conflict of heroes with the existing regime, while in the 21st century dystopias less attention is paid to this conflict than the problem of the psychological state of characters who have already realized that it is useless to fight the ideology of society. The purpose of the article is to study the character’s accentuation, previously not considered, of the characters of Kadzuo Ishiguro’s novel Don’t Let Me Go in the context of modern literature.

The heroine of the novel Katie S. is endowed with intellectual and moral qualities that, as it turned out, cannot change her fate as a “second class” person. Her friends Ruth and Tommy also have a non-standard outlook: each of them has their own inclinations and their own preferences. This aspect of the novel can be considered as protest, directed against the social structure that divides people into "first-class" and "second-class". One of the main conclusions: modern society, having become a "consumer society", loses the main feature of humanism – love and respect for every representative of humanity, depriving a person of will and thirst for life that was given by nature.

When analyzing Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Don't Let Me Go, critics often draw attention to the "Japanese" syndrome that is present in the English characters. The formula of "collective national thinking" does exist in the work, but it seems to be insufficiently covered in literary criticism. In our opinion, "Japanese" should be considered in two aspects: a) as traditional service to duty, acceptance of fate and humility in Japanese culture; b) as a lack of passionarity and a syndrome of learned helplessness, the features of which we observe in many modern "non-Japanese".
COVID-19, UPAH, DAN PENGANGGURAN: STUDI EMPIRIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Agusalim Lestari , Putri Agnia Zakia
Published: April 2023

Unemployment is one of the problems faced by every country, and Indonesia is no exception. The opened unemployment rate during the Covid-19 pandemic increased dramatically compared to the previous year. Many factors affect the increase in the unemployment rate, one of which is wage policy. This study aims to analyze labor conditions in Indonesia before and during Covid-19 and analyze the effect of wages on unemployment before and during the pandemic in Indonesia. The analytical method used, namely the fixed effect model, with panel data for 12 years (2010-2021) in 33 provinces in Indonesia. The results obtained in general are that an increase in wages reduces unemployment, but if wages are increased during the Covid-19 pandemic, it will increase unemployment in Indonesia.
Síntesis de evidencia y recomendaciones: directrices para el tratamiento de las leishmaniasis en la Región de las Américas
Authors: Organización Panamericana de la Salud
Published: April 2023

Introducción.

Las leishmaniasis continúan siendo enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas de gran importancia, ya que afectan principalmente a las personas más pobres y con menor acceso a los servicios de salud. En la Región de las Américas constituyen un problema de salud pública debido a su magnitud, amplia distribución geográfica y morbimortalidad.

Objetivo.

Sintetizar las recomendaciones incluidas en las Directrices para el tratamiento de las leishmaniasis en la Región de las Américas publicadas por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud, con el fin de brindar un manejo adecuado de los pacientes con diagnóstico de leishmaniasis, reducir las complicaciones clínicas y muertes causadas por la toxicidad de los medicamentos así como la letalidad de la leishmaniasis visceral, y abordar aspectos claves de su implementación.

Métodos.

Se llevó a cabo una síntesis de las directrices y sus recomendaciones. Además, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Lilacs, Health Systems Evidence, Epistemonikos y literatura gris de otros estudios desarrollados en la Región de las Américas con el fin de identificar barreras, facilitadores y estrategias de implementación.

Resultados.

Se presentan recomendaciones que abordan el tratamiento farmacológico de pacientes con diagnóstico de leishmaniasis cutánea, mucosa y visceral en las Américas, así como para el manejo y la profilaxis secundaria en pacientes coinfectados con leishmaniasis visceral y VIH y pacientes con otras enfermedades que causan inmunosupresión.

Conclusiones.

Las recomendaciones buscan proveer conocimiento sobre el manejo de las leishmaniasis para entes gubernamentales y profesionales de la salud que atienden pacientes con la enfermedad en las Américas. Se presentan barreras relacionadas con los recursos humanos, el conocimiento de las directrices, insumos, costos, acceso y barreras de los pacientes, así como facilitadores y estrategias de apoyo a la implementación.
Formulation and characterization of polyherbal anti-acne gel containing Citrus
aurantifolia and Aloe barbadensis extracts for the management of acne vulgaris
Authors: Hin K.F. , Yusof Y.A. , Salim N. , Mohd Amin N.A.A.
Published: April 2023

The antibiotic used to treat acne may develop antibiotic resistance and side effects.
Meanwhile, treating acne-causing bacteria by applying Citrus aurantifolia juice to the skin
immediately is ineffective. Citrus aurantifolia juice was employed in an anti-acne gel
formulation to treat acne that was caused by Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus
epidermidis has no synergistic therapeutic effect shown. Additionally, polyherbal
formulations are currently in high demand in the global market. The herbal industry's
global market value has risen dramatically from US$60 billion in 2000 to US$105 billion
in 2017. The worldwide market will increase at a rate of 7.6% each year until it reaches $5
trillion in 2050. This study aims to formulate a polyherbal anti-acne gel containing C.
aurantifolia and Aloe barbadensis, and to characterize the formulated gel for its
physicochemical properties. The phytoconstituents found in plant extracts were also
analysed. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus was
also investigated using an agar well diffusion method. After plant extracts were
discovered, gels with varying concentrations of plant extracts, and excipients were
prepared along with compatibility studies. Parameters like colour, odour, homogeneity,
phase separation, consistency, washability, pH, viscosity, spreadability and antibacterial
activity were evaluated. The results showed that the levels of phenol, tannins, and
flavonoids in plant extracts varied, the antibacterial activity of plant extracts was studied
with a clear inhibition zone demonstrated, and plant extracts were compatible with all
excipients. Gel formulations containing C. aurantifolia, A. barbadensis, the excipients
Carbopol-940, methylparaben, propyl paraben, propylene glycol-400, triethanolamine and
water have been developed. The formulated gels were clear, odourless, uniform,
consistent, without lumps, and washable. It was found that pH was closer to the skin, good
viscosity and spreadability. The formulated gel, F4 has greater antibacterial activity than
plant extracts and other formulations with a larger diameter inhibition zone. It is
concluded that the polyherbal anti-acne gel containing C. auranfolia and A. barbadensis
can be formulated which has a high potential for halal cosmetics product development.
However, more research should be done before it can be commercialised by comparing it
to commercially available marketed formulations to treat acne vulgaris.
Antioxidant activity and isoflavone content of overripe Indonesian tempe
Authors: Astawan M. , Cahyani A.P. , Wresdiyati T.
Published: April 2023

The germination process and prolonged fermentation have been shown to improve tempe
quality. The present study aimed to measure and compare the changes in nutritional and
isoflavone content and antioxidant activity of tempe flour due to soybean germination and
fermentation time treatments. Soybeans were germinated for 24 hrs before being
fermented into fresh and overripe tempe for 2 and 7 days, respectively. Fresh and overripe
tempe were dried using a cabinet dryer at 60oC for 8 hrs, then ground and sifted to
produce flour. The nutritional contents were determined through proximate analysis,
antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method, and isoflavone was measured
using an HPLC instrument. The germination process and fermentation time were shown
not to affect the nutritional contents but affect isoflavone content and IC50 value
significantly. Overripe tempe flour made from germinated soybeans had the highest
daidzein and genistein isoflavone content, at 343 and 701 µg/g, respectively. However,
overripe tempe flour made from non-germinated soybeans has the highest antioxidant
capacity, with an IC50 of 1375 ppm. This result showed that to reap the benefits of high
antioxidants, tempe fermentation may be prolonged to produce overripe tempe without
any requirement to germinate the soybeans beforehand.
Starter cultures inoculation procedure changes microbial community structure
during low-salt moromi fermentation
Authors: Pramanda I.T. , Saputro M.N.B. , Naidu N.C. , Devanthi P.V.P.
Published: April 2023

Soy sauce is a condiment made of soybeans fermented in high salt concentration (18-22%
NaCl) called moromi. Efforts to prevent sodium overconsumption has led to salt reduction
in moromi. However, it could alter the microbial community dynamics during
fermentation, resulting in undesirable sensory changes. This study investigates the effect
of moromi starter cultures, Tetragenococcus sp. and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, on
microbial population changes during reduced-salt moromi (6% NaCl) fermentation. Both
microbes were inoculated at different times, concentrations, and ratios, and the changes in
total bacterial and yeast population during fermentation were monitored by culture on
tryptic soy agar (TSA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA), respectively. The results showed
that the inoculum size could shorten the bacterial exponential growth as it increased.
Moreover, increasing the proportion of Tetragenococcus or Z. rouxii by two-fold could
enhance the yeast and bacterial population, respectively by ∼3 log CFU/mL.
Simultaneous inoculation suppressed bacterial growth, while sequential inoculation of Z.
rouxii could maximize bacterial growth up to 7.38 log CFU/mL. However, a synergistic
growth in simultaneous inoculation was observed when 5% inoculum with an equal ratio
was used. This study could help researchers and manufacturers determine appropriate
inoculation procedures to control fermentation better.
List of Contributors
Authors: Green Anna
Published: April 2023

Bios of Contributors
Why Bother Trying to Write a Slightly Different Kind of Political Biography? A Portrait of Sir John McKenzie (1838-1901)
Authors: Brooking Tom
Published: April 2023

Sir John McKenzie (1838-1901) was a highly influential Minister of Lands from 1891 to 1900 who promulgated the cause of the small settler landholder and initiated legislation to break up the larger estates. In his youth he had witnessed the misery caused by the Highland landlords evicting their tenants, before his emigration to Dunedin in 1860. In this article Tom Brooking gives a preview of his forthcoming somewhat unusual political biography.
Shaw's Progress: How He Laid Siege to New Zealand From 15 March to 15 April 1934
Authors: Saslav Isidor
Published: April 2023

On 15 March 1934 the 78-year-old Bernard Shaw and his wife Charlotte spent a month in New Zealand, travelling extensively in the North Island and making an expedition to Picton, Blenheim, Kaikoura and Christchurch. where he attended his only civic reception. "The Shaw's procession throughout New Zealand resembled a royal welcome' writes Isidor Saslav, from whose seminar on that month the following illustrations and commentaries are taken. Shaw generously gave many press conferences, answered innumerable queries, some verbal, some written, and made a historic uncensored, broadcast.
Stout Centre forum
Authors: Renwick William , O'Sullivan Vincent
Published: April 2023

News from Bill Renwick and Vincent O'Sullivan
What Chance for Cultural Studies in New Zealand?
Authors: Brednich Rolf W.
Published: April 2023

Research into cultural studies in New Zealand.
Contributors.
Authors: Green Anna
Published: April 2023

Bios of contributors.
Research on the Incentive System of Human Resource Management in Universities
Authors: Li Dan
Published: April 2023

Based on the actual situation of the establishment of the incentive system for human resource management in universities, the constituent elements and relevant principles of the incentive system for human resources in universities are expounded on, the current situation of the actual needs of the faculty and staff in universities is studied and analyzed, and practical plans for establishing the concept and implementing the incentive system in universities are proposed, with relevant incentive mechanisms for human resource management focusing on differentiated needs developed for reference.
Analysis of Intelligent Logistics and Supply Chain Management Reform in the Digital Era
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: April 2023

Owing to the constant progress and application of information technology, the digital transformation of intelligent logistics and supply chain management has become an inevitable trend. In the digital era, enterprises need to rely on various technical means to build intelligent logistics and supply chain management systems, improve operational efficiency and management level, to adapt to market changes and customer needs.
Sistem Presensi dengan Fitur RFID dan Capture Citra menggunakan NodeMCU dan ESP32-Cam
Authors: PRAKASA MAHESA GILANG , SYAFITRI NIKEN
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKPada masa pandemi COVID-19, presensi dengan kontak fisik sangat tidak disarankan karena dapat meningkatkan penularan virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan merealisasikan sistem presensi dengan fitur RFID yang contactless dan capture citra untuk menambah validasi data presensi agar tidak terjadi kecurangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tag dapat teridentifikasi hingga jarak 4 cm dari permukaan casing. Pada jarak 5 cm tag tidak dapat teridentifikasi karena jarak pancar efektif gelombang radio dari sensor berkurang akibat dari ketebalan casing dan celah jarak antara sensor dengan casing. Proses presensi dapat dilakukan oleh sistem rata-rata 5,58 detik dengan waktu paling singkat 4,88 detik dan paling lama 8,44 detik. Sistem mampu melakukan ketepatan presensi sesuai event pada Google Calendar dan formulir dapat menampilkan data yang lengkap. Kesesuaian data tag dengan seseorang yang melakukan presensi dapat dicek dengan cara membandingkan foto pada formulir. Formula pada Spreadsheet dapat dimanfaatkan untuk rekapitulasi hasil data presensi. Kata kunci: Presensi, RFID, Spreadsheet, Capture Image, Jadwal ABSTRACTDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, physical presence is not recommended because it can increase the transmission of the virus. This study aims to design and realize presence system with contactless RFID features and image capture to increase attendance data validation so that fraud does not occur. The results showed that the tag can be identified up to a distance of 4 cm from the surface of the casing. At a distance of 5 cm the tag cannot be identified because the effective transmitting distance of radio waves from the sensor is reduced due to the thickness of the casing and the gap between the sensor and the casing. The attendance process that can be done by the system is an average of 5.58s with the shortest time of 4.88s and the longest being 8.44s. The system is able to perform precise attendance according to events on Google Calendar and the form can display complete data. The suitability of the tag data with someone who is present can be checked by comparing the photos on the form. The formula in the Spreadsheet can be used to recapitulate the results of attendance data.Keywords: Presence, RFID, Spreadsheet, Capture Image, Schedule
Penentuan Indoor Positioning System (IPS) menggunakan Metode Received Signal Strength (RSS) untuk Visible Light Communication (VLC)
Authors: FASYA ISTI , HAMBALI AKHMAD , PAMUKTI BRIAN
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKPenentuan posisi di dalam ruangan merupakan hal yang penting untuk menjadikan petunjuk di dalam ruangan. Banyak metode lain yang sudah dilakukan penelitian tetapi ada beberapa kendala seperti tidak dapat digunakan di area sensitive dan biaya yang mahal. Pada penelitian ini kami mengusulkan untuk melakukan simulasi penentuan posisi menggunakan metode Received Signal Strength (RSS) dengan Light Emitting Diode (LED) dan Positive Intrinsic Negatif (PIN). Dengan asumsi pada ruangan tertutup yang berukuran 5 × 5 × 3 m3, kami melakukan simulasi 4 skenario posisi transmitter. Pada setiap skenario memiliki 3 buah transmitter pada level daya 1 watt yang lebih rendah dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Dari hasil simulasi yang ekstensif menyatakan bahwa, pada skenario 1 memiliki hasil akurasi 27,97%, skenario 2 sebesar 43,33%, skenario 3 sebesar 86,84%, dan skenario 4 dengan hasil 21,15%.Kata kunci: indoor positioning system, received signal strength, visible light communication ABSTRACTDetermining the position in the room is important to be a guide in the room. Many other methods have been researched, but there are some obstacles such as not being able to be used in sensitive areas and expensive. In this study, we suggest simulating buying a position using the Received Signal Strength (RSS) method with Light Emitting Diode (LED) and Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN). Assuming that the room is 5 × 5 × 3 m3 closed, we simulated 4 transmitter position scenarios. Each scenario has 3 transmitters at a power level of 1 watt which is lower than previous studies. From the extensive simulation results stated that scenario 1 has an accuracy of 27.97%, scenario 2 is 43.33%, scenario 3 is 86.84%, and scenario 4 is 21.15%.Keywords: indoor positioning system, received signal strength, visible light communication