bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Methylenecyclopropanes from Chiral Cyclopropene Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Zhe , Xie Xiaocong , Fox Joseph M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Improved Chiral Auxiliary for the Allene Ether Version of the Nazarov Cyclization.
Authors: de los Santos Derrick B. , Banaag April R. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Experimental and Theroretical Studies on the Transannular Cyclizations of 3,7‐Dimethylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with Polyfluoroalkyl Radicals.
Authors: Ponomarenko Maxim V. , Serguchev Yurii A. , Ponomarenko Bogdan V. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Fokin Andrey A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General and Versatile Method for C—C Cross‐Coupling Synthesis of Conjugated Enynes: One‐Pot Sequence Starting from Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Lyapkalo Ilya M. , Vogel Michael A. K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NaIO4/KI/NaCl: A New Reagent System for Iodination of Activated Aromatics Through in situ Generation of Iodine Monochloride.
Authors: Emmanuvel Lourdusamy , Shukla Ravi Kant , Sudalai Arumugam , Gurunath Suryavanshi , Sivaram Swaminathan
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Tertiary Amines from Secondary Amines.
Authors: Kurosu Michio , Dey Sevendu Sekhar , Crick Dean C.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carbon—Carbon Coupling of Phenol Derivatives with Aryl Aziridines.
Authors: Pineschi Mauro , Bertolini Ferruccio , Crotti Paolo , Macchia Franco
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
(2S)‐2‐Anilinomethylpyrrolidine: An Efficient in situ Recyclable Chiral Catalytic Source for the Borane‐Mediated Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones (I) in Refluxing Toluene.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Rao Kalapala Venkateswara , Reddy Bhavanam Sekhara
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Halogenation of N‐Substituted para‐Quinone Monoimine and para‐Quinone Monooxime Esters. Part 5. Chlorination and Bromination of N‐Arylsulfonyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone Monoimines Dialkyl Substituted in the Quinoid Ring.
Authors: Avdeenko A. P. , Konovalova S. A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organic Reactions in Water: Transformation of Aldehydes to Nitriles Using NBS under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Bandgar B. P. , Makone S. S.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid Microwave‐Promoted Base‐Free Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Sodium Tetraphenylborate with Hypervalent Iodonium Compounds in Water.
Authors: Yan Jie , Zhou Zhongshi , Zhu Min
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of (E)‐3‐Alkylidene‐2(3H)‐furanones from 3‐(1‐Hydroxyalkyl)‐2‐silyloxyfurans.
Authors: Boukouvalas John , Marion Olivier
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Some Aryl [3‐(Imidazol‐1‐yl/triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzofuran‐2‐yl] Ketoximes.
Authors: Guendogdu‐Karaburun Nalan , Benkli Kadriye , Tunali Yagmur , Ucucu Uemit , Demirayak Seref
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiophenes on Ionic Liquid Phase Support Using the Gewald Reaction.
Authors: Hu Yi , Wei Ping , Huang He , Han Shi‐Qing , Ouyang Ping‐Kei
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pericyclic Cascade Reactions of (Bicyclo[1.1.0]butylmethyl)amines.
Authors: Wipf Peter , Walczak Maciej A. A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Acylpyrroles as Monodentate and Activated Ester Equivalent Acceptors.
Authors: Matsunaga Shigeki , Qin Hongbo , Sugita Mari , Okada Shigemitsu , Kinoshita Tomofumi , Yamagiwa Noriyuki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Furan Ring Opening — Indole Ring Closure: Synthesis of Furo[2′,3′:3,4]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]indolium Chlorides.
Authors: Butin Alexander V. , Smirnov Sergey K. , Stroganova Tatyana A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel 6‐Monosubstituted 5,11‐Dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazoles and Preparation of Different Derivatives.
Authors: Gu Rong , Hameurlaine Ahmed , Dehaen Wim
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Functionally‐Substituted 3‐Heterylpyrazoles. Part 16. 3‐(3‐Arylpyrazol‐4‐yl)propyonic Acids
Authors: Bratenko M. K. , Chornous V. A. , Vovk M. V.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Regiospecific Synthesis of 5‐Alkylidene and 5‐Arylidenehydantoins.
Authors: Lamiri M. , Bougrin K. , Daou B. , Soufiaoui M. , Nicolas E. , Giralt E.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Sulfur‐to‐Nitrogen Migration of Ethenylmethyl Moiety in Benz[d]oxazole System via Internal Radical Capture.
Authors: Ray Sibdas , Ghosh Sukla , Ganguly Nemai C.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple and Efficient One‐Step Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Wang Ying , Sarris Kathy , Sauer Daryl R. , Djuric Stevan W.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Mild and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles from Carboxylic Acids and Acyl Hydrazides.
Authors: Rajapakse Hemaka A. , Zhu Hong , Young Mary Beth , Mott Bryan T.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application of Sulfinyl Bis(2,4‐dihydroxythiobenzoyl) in the Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2‐Amino‐5‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Matysiak Joanna , Niewiadomy Andrzej
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot and Convenient Conversion of 5‐Azidopyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde to Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Zheng Airong , Zhang Wei , Pan Jinhui
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Torquoselective 6π‐Electron Electrocyclic Ring Closure of 1‐Azatrienes Containing Acyclic Chirality at the C‐Terminus.
Authors: Sydorenko Nadiya , Hsung Richard P. , Vera Eymi L.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquid: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Zheng Renwei , Wang Xiaoxia , Xu Hui , Du Jingxing
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Enhanced Synthesis of Cyclic Amidines.
Authors: Garcia M. Beatriz , Torres Romina A. , Orelli Liliana R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthesis of 2H‐3,1‐Benzoxazine Derivatives: Zinc Chloride‐Catalyzed Cyclocondensation of 2‐Amino‐5‐nitrobenzonitrile with Aldehydes under Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Li Jia‐Rong , Ma Shu‐Ling , Sun Yong‐Jiang , Zhao Jian‐Min , Zhou Zhi‐Ming
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,7‐Electrocyclization Reactions of Stabilized α,β:γ,δ‐Unsaturated Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Toth Judit , Dancso Andras , Blasko Gabor , Toke Laszlo , Groundwater Paul W. , Nyerges Miklos
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design and Synthesis of a Tetracyclic Pyrimidine‐Fused Benzodiazepine Library.
Authors: Zheng Lianyou , Xiang Jinbao , Dang Qun , Guo Sigen , Bai Xu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Briaexcavatins C—F, Four New Briarane‐Related Diterpenoids from the Formosan Octocoral Briareum excavatum (Briareidae)
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , Chen Yu‐Pei , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Hu Wan‐Ping , Fang Lee‐Shing , Wu Yang‐Chang , Li Jan‐Jung , Sheu Jyh‐Horng
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Microviridins from a Water Bloom of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa.
Authors: Reshef Vered , Carmeli Shmuel
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Direct Formation of Glycosyl Thiols from Reducing Sugars Allows One‐Pot Protein Glycoconjugation.
Authors: Bernardes Goncalo J. L. , Gamblin David P. , Davis Benjamin G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Binding Studies of Epibatidine Analogues as Ligands for the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
Authors: Mu Linjing , Drandarov Konstantin , Bisson William H. , Schibig Anita , Wirz Christa , Schubiger P. August , Westera Gerrit
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antiallergic Agents from Natural Sources. Part 15. New Lignans from Kadsura coccinea and Their Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities.
Authors: Li Heran , Feng Yulin , Yang Zhigang , Zhou Zhongmei , Xu Lizhen , Daikonya Akihiro , Wang Jue , Kitanaka Susumu , Yang Shilin
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Pterocellin A.
Authors: O'Malley Meaghan M. , Damkaci Fehmi , Kelly T. Ross
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Microcarpalide (I).
Authors: Sharma G. V. M. , Cherukupalli Govardhan R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnetism and Superconductivity of Heavy Fermion Matter
Authors: Flouquet Jacques , Knebel Georg , Braithwaite Daniel , Aoki D. , Brison Jean‐Pascal , Hardy Frederic , Huxley Andrew , Raymond Stephane , Salce Bernard , Sheikin Ilya
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pravat
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
pH Monitoring
Authors: Vonau W. , Guth U.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of Indium Complexes as Water‐Tolerant Lewis Acids
Authors: Loh Teck‐Peng , Chua Guan‐Leong
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclic Compounds with a Silicon Atom and Another Non‐Adjacent Different Heteroatom
Authors: Rousseau Gerard , Blanco Luis
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Catalytic Synthesis of Organic Compounds Using Metal Complexes in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Cole‐Hamilton David J.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Immobilization of Organic Catalysts: When, Why, and How
Authors: Cozzi Franco
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multiphase Systems for the Recycling of Alkoxycarbonylation Catalysts
Authors: de Pater Jeroen J. M. , Deelman Berth‐Jan , Elsevier Cornelis J. , van Koten Gerard
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Heterocycles Through Hydrosilylation, Silylformylation, Silylcarbocyclization and Cyclohydrocarbonylation Reactions
Authors: Varchi Greta , Ojima Iwao
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
6‐Membered P‐Heterocycles: 1,2‐Dihydro‐, 1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydro‐ and 1,2,3,4,5,6‐Hexahydrophosphinine 1‐Oxides
Authors: Keglevich Gyorgy
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2‐Phospha‐ and 2,3‐Oxaphosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octenes: Synthesis and Fragmentation to Low‐Coordinated Species
Authors: Jankowski Stefan , Huben Krzysztof
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry of Phosphinines: Syntheses, Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Mezailles Nicolas , Le Floch Pascal
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Novel Carbon—Carbon Bond Forming Reactions via Ruthenium‐Allenylidene Complexes
Authors: Nishibayashi Yoshiaki , Uemura Sakae
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
η3‐Allylruthenium Complexes and Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Allylic Substrates
Authors: Renaud Jean‐Luc , Demerseman Bernard , Mbaye Mbaye Diagne , Bruneau Christian
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Bicyclization Processes in the One‐Step Construction of Heteropolycyclic Ring Systems
Authors: Conreaux D. , Bouyssi D. , Monteiro N. , Balme G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Disposition of Lansoprazole and Rabeprazole in Human Plasma
Authors: Miura Masatomo
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Kinetics of Surface Reactions with Lateral Interactions — Theory and Simulations
Authors: Hermse C. G. M. , Jansen A. P. J.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Adenosine Deaminase in Nucleoside Synthesis
Authors: Gupta Mukta , Nair Vasu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Crystal Structure of Tyrosinase: All Questions Answered?
Authors: Decker Heinz , Schweikardt Thorsten , Tuczek Felix
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional Fluctuation
Authors: Nakanishi Mamoru
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Membrane Reactors for Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Caro Juergen
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Soil Organic Matter Beyond Molecular Structure. Part 2. Amorphous Nature and Physical Aging
Authors: Schaumann Gabriele E.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Single Molecule Studies on Enzyme Mechanisms
Authors: Smiley R. Derike , Hammes Gordon G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Using Magnetic Resonance to Study Nanoprecipitation in Light Metal Alloys
Authors: Nairn K. , Bastow T.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
13C NMR Spectroscopy Applied to Columnar Liquid Crystals
Authors: Dvinskikh Sergey V. , Sandstroem Dick , Zimmermann Herbert , Maliniak Arnold
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Redox‐Controlled Photosensitization of Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Szaciłowski Konrad , Macyk Wojciech , Hebda Maciej , Stochel Grażyna
Published: October 2006

Photosensitization of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide materials has been achieved by chemisorption of the pentacyanothiamineferrate(II) complex, which offers a relatively high redox potential that determines the photoelectrochemical properties of the photosensitized TiO2. The adsorbed pentacyanoferrate complex binds to TiO2 through the cyanide bridge and forms a new surface complex characterized by a metal‐to‐metal charge‐transfer transition (MMCT) (FeII→TiIV). The photosensitization can be observed only at low potentials at which FeII moieties are present. Photocurrent switching between anodic and cathodic can be induced by varying either the photoelectrode potential or the wavelength of the incident light. Simple molecular modeling—together with spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements—allows the elucidation of the mechanism of the observed photoelectrochemical behavior.
In‐group reassurance in a pain setting produces lower levels of physiological arousal: direct support for a self‐categorization analysis of social influence
Authors: Platow Michael J. , Voudouris Nicholas J. , Coulson Melissa , Gilford Nicola , Jamieson Rachel , Najdovski Liz , Papaleo Nicole , Pollard Chelsea , Terry Leanne
Published: October 2006

A large body of research demonstrates a strong social component to people's pain experiences and pain‐related behaviours. We investigate this by examining the impact of social‐influence processes on laboratory‐induced pain responses by manipulating the social‐categorical relationship between the person experiencing pain and another who offers reassurance. We show that physiological arousal associated with laboratory‐induced pain is significantly lower in normal, healthy participants following reassurance about the pain‐inducing activity when that reassurance comes from an in‐group member in contrast to reassurance from an out‐group member and a no reassurance control. These data are consistent with predictions derived from self‐categorization theory, providing convincing empirical support of its analysis of social influence using a non‐reactive measure. These data also represent a clear advance within the pain literature by identifying a possible common process to the social‐psychological component of pain responses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential of electrophoretic mobility shift assays for clinical mutation detection
Authors: Hestekin Christa N. , Barron Annelise E.
Published: October 2006

As the understanding of the links between genetic mutations and diseases continues to grow, there is an increasing need for techniques that can rapidly, inexpensively, and sensitively detect DNA sequence alterations. Typically, such analyses are performed on PCR‐amplified gene regions. Automated DNA sequencing by capillary array electrophoresis can be used, but is expensive to apply to large numbers of patient samples and/or large genes, and may not always reveal low‐abundance mutations in heterozygous samples. Many different types of genetic differences need to be detected, including single‐base substitutions and larger sequence alterations such as insertions, deletions, and inversions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays seem well suited to this purpose and could be used for the efficient screening of patient samples for sequence alterations, effectively reducing the number of samples that must be subjected to full and careful sequencing. While there is much promise, many of the mobility shift assays presently under development have yet to be demonstrated to have the high sensitivity and specificity of mutation detection required for routine clinical application. Hence, further studies and optimization are required, in particular the application of these methods not only to particular genes but also to large numbers of patient samples in blinded studies aimed at the rigorous determination of sensitivity and specificity. This review examines the state‐of‐the‐art of the most commonly used mobility shift assays for mutation detection, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, TGGE, SSCP, heteroduplex analysis, and denaturing HPLC.
Closed‐form generalised power correlation coefficient of Ricean channels
Authors: Mendes José Ricardo , Yacoub Michel Daoud , da Costa Daniel Benevides
Published: October 2006

Exact, closed‐form and general expressions of the marginal and joint moments as well as of the correlation coefficient of the instantaneous powers of two Ricean signals are derived. All statistics are expressed as finite sums of simple functions of the model parameters. The model includes environments where the Ricean factor and the mean power of one signal are different from their counterparts of the other signal. Some plots illustrate the generalised power correlation coefficient provided in this work. Coherence parameters are derived and practical values for system design are suggested. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Verbal memory performance during subchronic challenge with a selective serotonergic and a mixed action antidepressant
Authors: Wingen M. , Langer S. , Ramaekers J. G.
Published: October 2006

Objectives

Effects of escitalopram 10–20 mg/day and mirtazapine 30–45 mg/day on verbal memory of 18 healthy participants were assessed in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, three‐way crossover trial.

Method

Each treatment period lasted for 15 days and was separated from the next period by a washout period of at least 13 days. Participants received an evening dose of escitalopram 10 mg, mirtazapine 30 mg, or placebo from days 1 to 7 and an evening dose of escitalopram 20 mg, mirtazapine 45 mg, or placebo from days 8 to 15. On days 2, 9, and 16 a visual verbal memory task was performed measuring drug effects during the acute phase, after dose increase and at steady state.

Results

Escitalopram did not affect immediate or delayed verbal memory score throughout treatment. During mirtazapine treatment, participants performed less well in the overall immediate recall score compared to placebo. This impairment was most pronounced in the final trial of the visual verbal learning task.

Conclusion

Verbal memory was not affected by acute and subchronic escitalopram treatment in healthy participants. Overall immediate verbal memory was slightly but significantly impaired throughout mirtazapine treatment, probably due to a general reduction in overall arousal caused by H1 blockade. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of antipsychotic replacement with quetiapine on the symptoms and quality of life of schizophrenic patients with extrapyramidal symptoms
Authors: Taniguchi Takahide , Sumitani Satsuki , Aono Michitaka , Iga Junichi , Kinouchi Sawako , Aki Hirosi , Matsushita Mami , Taniguchi Kyoko , Tsuno Mami , Yamanishi Kazunari , Tomotake Masahito , Kaneda Yasuhiro , Ohmori Tetsuro
Published: October 2006

Replacement of antipsychotic drugs with quetiapine (QTP) was tried in a naturalistic setting in chronic schizophrenic patients who still showed moderate psychiatric symptoms and either showed extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) or took anti‐parkinson drugs for the EPS. QTP was added on and gradually increased while the previous drugs were tapered and discontinued whenever possible. Clinical symptoms, objective and subjective QOL, and EPS were measured before and 6 months after QTP addition, using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) and Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale (DIEPSS), respectively. Twenty‐one patients completed the trial and received the assessment. It was found that replacement with QTP‐improved clinical symptoms, objective and subjective QOL and EPS. This improvement was equally observed in not only patients who switched to QTP monotherapy (n = 11) but also patients who took QTP together with reduced small doses (4.4 ± 4.3 mg/day) of previous drugs (n = 11). The results suggest that replacement with QTP improves symptoms as well as objective and subjective QOL in a subgroup of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal sensitivity and behaviour problems in young children with developmental delay
Authors: Niccols Alison , Feldman Maurice
Published: October 2006

Children with developmental delay are at increased risk for behaviour problems, but little is known about risk and resilience factors. Previous research has established links between maternal sensitivity and behaviour problems in typically developing children, but no studies have examined maternal sensitivity in the development of behaviour problems in children with developmental delay. In this study, we coded videotaped interactions of 30 2‐year‐olds with developmental delay and their mothers using the maternal behaviour Q‐sort and a child behaviour coding system. Mothers completed the child behaviour checklist when their children were 2 and 3 years old. Results revealed significant inverse relations between maternal sensitivity and concurrent and later externalizing problems, and significant positive relations between maternal sensitivity and concurrent observed appropriate behaviour (compliance and social engagement). This study informs developmental theory and identifies an important maternal variable that may reduce the risk of behaviour problems in children with developmental delay. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static strain stimulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and VEGF in microvascular endothelium via JNK‐ and ERK‐dependent pathways
Authors: Milkiewicz Malgorzata , Mohammadzadeh Forough , Ispanovic Eric , Gee Eric , Haas Tara L.
Published: October 2006

VEGF and MMP protein production are both required for exercise‐induced capillary growth in skeletal muscle. The underlying process by which muscle activity initiates an angiogenic response is not established, but it is known that mechanical forces such as muscle stretch are involved. We hypothesized that stretch of skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells induces production of MMP‐2 and VEGF through a common signal pathway. Endothelial cells were grown on Bioflex plates and exposed to 10% static stretch for up to 24 h. MMP‐2 protein level was measured by gelatin zymography and VEGF, MMP‐2, and MT1‐MMP mRNA levels were quantified by real‐time quantitative PCR. ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation and VEGF protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. Effects of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (ERK1/2, JNK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on stretch‐induced expression of MMP‐2 and VEGF were tested using pharmacological inhibitors. Stretching of endothelial cells for 24 h caused significant increases in MMP‐2 protein and mRNA level, but no change in MT1‐MMP mRNA. While MMP‐2 protein production was enhanced by H2O2 in unstretched cells, ROS inhibition during stretch did not diminish MMP‐2 mRNA or protein production. Inhibition of JNK suppressed stretch‐induced MMP‐2 protein and mRNA, but inhibition of ERK had no effect. In contrast, inhibition of ERK but not JNK attenuated the stretch‐induced increase in VEGF mRNA. Our results demonstrate that differential regulation of MMP‐2 and VEGF by MAPK signal pathways contribute to stretch‐induced activation of microvascular endothelial cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 750–761, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Displacement of the facial nerve course by vestibular schwannoma: Preoperative visualization using diffusion tensor tractography
Authors: Taoka Toshiaki , Hirabayashi Hidehiro , Nakagawa Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Masahiko , Myochin Kaoru , Hirohashi Shinji , Iwasaki Satoru , Sakaki Toshisuke , Kichikawa Kimihiko
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To preoperatively visualize the course of the facial nerve, which is displaced by vestibular schwannoma, using diffusion tensor (DT) tractography, and to evaluate the agreement with surgical findings.

Materials and Methods

The subjects were eight patients with vestibular schwannoma who had undergone removal surgery. DT MR images were obtained and tracts that were considered to represent the facial nerve were constructed. We assessed the success rate for tract construction and evaluated the agreement between tractography findings and surgery.

Results

We obtained a tract that connected the internal auditory meatus and brainstem, and was considered to represent the facial nerve in seven of eight cases. The course of the constructed tract agreed with surgical findings in five of these seven cases. One exception was a case in which the tumor was too large to enable intraoperative observation of the facial nerve; however, the facial nerve appeared to be displaced anteriorly at intracapsular resection, in agreement with tractography. In the other case, the schwannoma was mostly cystic.

Conclusion

Tractographs constructed using MR tensor images enabled us to identify tracts considered to represent facial nerves. We consider DT tractography to be a useful tool for preoperatively predicting facial nerve displacement in vestibular schwannoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast magnetization‐driven preparation for imaging of contrast‐enhanced coronary arteries during intra‐arterial injection of contrast agent
Authors: Gui Dawei , Tsekos Nikolaos V.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To implement a short‐duration magnetization preparation sequence, which consists of a saturation followed by multiple inversion pulses, for imaging of short‐T1 species and suppression of long‐T1 species.

Materials and Methods

Computer optimizations were performed to derive preparation schemes that 1) suppress long‐T1 background species with T1 ≥ 250 msec, 2) maximize the MZ of contrast‐enhanced (CE) structures with T1 ≤ 50 msec, and 3) have a preparation duration in the range of 200 msec. The optimized sequences were tested on a phantom and a pig model instrumented with an intracoronary catheter for infusion of contrast media.

Results

Computer simulations generated preparation schemes with durations of 165–225 msec depending on the number of preparation pulses used, which generated saturation of over 98% for T1 > 250 msec, and about a 30% reduction for 20 msec < T1 < 50 msec. The phantom studies validated the performance of the optimized sequences. Coronary artery angiograms (380 msec for preparation and image acquisition) demonstrated signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) in the range of 13–15.5 and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) in the range of 6.3–7.1 in the CE coronary vessels.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates that fast magnetization‐driven preparation schemes can be implemented for fast imaging of CE coronary vessels with efficient saturation of background species. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contact force‐ and amplitude‐controllable vibrating probe for somatosensory mapping of plantar afferences with fMRI
Authors: Gallasch Eugen , Golaszewski Stefan M. , Fend Martin , Siedentopf Christian M. , Koppelstaetter Florian , Eisner Wilhelm , Gerstenbrand Franz , Felber Stephan R.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To study cerebral responses evoked from mechanoreceptors in the human foot sole using a computer‐controlled vibrotactile stimulation system.

Materials and Methods

The stimulation system consisted of two stationary moving magnet actuators with indentors to gently contact and vibrate the foot sole during functional MRI (fMRI) experiments. To allow independent settings of contact force (0–20 N) and intensity of vibration (frequency range = 20–100 Hz) the actuators were controlled by a digital servo loop. For fMRI experiments with complex stimulus protocols, both vibrating probes were further operated under supervisory control.

Results

The MR compatibility of this electromagnetic system was tested in a 1.5T scanner with an actively shielded magnet (Siemens Magnetom Sonata). Blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses were detected in the contralateral left pre‐ and postcentral gyrus, bilaterally within the secondary somatosensory cortex, bilaterally within the supplementary motor cortex, and bilaterally within the anterior cingular gyrus.

Conclusion

This stimulation device provides a new tool for identifying cerebral structures that convey sensory information from the foot region, which is of promising diagnostic value, particularly for assessing sensorimotor deficits resulting from brain lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T2* effects in the dual‐sequence method for high‐dose first‐pass myocardial perfusion
Authors: Gatehouse Peter , Lyne Jonathan , Smith Gillian , Pennell Dudley , Firmin David
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To examine whether T2* effects reduce the accuracy of arterial input function (AIF) measurement by the dual‐sequence method.

Materials and Methods

The dual‐sequence method obtains a low‐resolution AIF image and high‐resolution myocardial images in each cycle, with suitable T1 weightings. It was modified to assess T2* effects in the low‐resolution AIF image (4.8 × 4.8 × 10 mm voxels, TE = 0.58 msec) by minimizing T1 weighting in that sequence, while the myocardial sequence remained T1‐weighted. In 10 patients who underwent perfusion MRI scans (0.5 M Magnevist, 0.1 mmol/kg, 15‐ml flush, 7 mL/second right antecubital) the blood signal in the left ventricle (LV) was measured at the bolus peak and compared with the first cycle's fresh magnetization signal.

Results

The bolus peak measured 98% ± 4% (mean ± SD, N = 20) of the value before contrast agent arrival.

Conclusion

T2* causes insignificant error in the dual‐sequence method at the stated parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk analysis of first and last frost occurrences in the Central Alborz region, Iran
Authors: Rahimi M. , Hajjam S. , Khalili A. , Kamali G. A. , Stigter C. J.
Published: October 2006

Central Alborz is one of the important agricultural regions of Iran. Occurrence of the first frost in fall and the last frost in spring causes damage to the crops in this region every year. Information about the probable dates of frost occurrence helps farmers in preventing or reducing the damages caused by frost. Six stations, with 34 years of daily minimum temperature data, were selected at various elevations. Dates of frost occurrences in three degrees of severity (mild, moderate, and severe) and frost‐free periods were obtained for each year. Appropriate distributions were determined for each frost series (dates of frosts and frost‐free periods) on the basis of relevant statistical methods. It was found that the Pearson type III distribution was most appropriate. Probability distribution was constructed for each frost series. Frost occurrences up to a given date and maximum lengths of frost‐free periods, with their probabilities, were determined. Correlations between the dates of frost occurrence and elevation, and between the maximum lengths of frost‐free periods and elevation were identified in some probability levels. Our results show a positive correlation between the frequency of frost and elevation, and a significant negative correlation between the duration of frost‐free period and elevation. Frost is more frequent in higher areas. The shortest and the longest frost‐free periods occur on top of high mountains and on low altitude areas, respectively. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
US jet contrail frequency changes: influences of jet aircraft flight activity and atmospheric conditions
Authors: Travis David J. , Carleton Andrew M. , Johnson Jeffrey S. , DeGrand James Q.
Published: October 2006

In the United States, the dramatic increase in jet fuel usage and kilometers flown has led to speculation of a similar increase in jet contrails. However, contrail occurrence depends heavily upon the meteorological conditions near cruising altitudes (i.e. the tropopause, 10–12 km altitude). This study reports a contrail mid‐season contemporary climatology for the coterminous United States (2000–2002), and compares the frequencies with those previously reported for an earlier (1977–1979) period, to determine spatial and seasonal contrail frequency changes. For both climatologies, contrail occurrence is derived from the analysis of high‐resolution satellite imagery. Data on US jet aircraft flight activity were obtained to assess their relationship to contrail frequency, as were NCEP‐NCAR reanalysis data to determine the changes in tropopause‐level atmospheric conditions.

For the 2000–2002 period, contrails comprise a distinct high (low) frequency pattern in the East (West) halves of the United States. Seasonally, there is a contrail association with the latitudinal migration of the jet stream and a US‐wide peak contrail frequency during winter (January). The inter‐monthly variations in contrail frequency are significantly different from each other but show no association with variations in jet flight activity, indicating a greater role for meteorological conditions. Between the 1977–1979 and 2000–2002 periods, there were strong spatial and seasonal asymmetries to the contrail frequency change. These involve a cooling (warming) of the tropopause for the largest (smallest) frequency increases, which shows some association with the switch in positive and negative phases of the Arctic Oscillation. The role of upper tropospheric conditions and links to hemispheric‐scale teleconnections should be considered when projecting contrail frequency changes and their future impacts on climate. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Quality and safety of halawa modified with mushroom
Authors: Eissa Hesham A , Zohair Azza
Published: October 2006

Halawa supplemented with 10–120 g mushroom, was evaluated for its acceptability (color, taste, texture, separate oil and overall acceptability by a ten‐member panel), protein content (as amino acid content), microbiological safety and quality. Halawa supplemented with both 10 and 20 g mushroom was equally as acceptable as the unsupplemented halawa in most sensory attributes. Results indicated that the low percentage of mushroom in halawa and control samples gave a higher panel score of all organoleptic characteristics than the high percentage of mushroom in halawa samples after 6 months storage at room temperature (25 °C). This result indicated that mushroom addition could prevent defects like oil separation and non‐coherence in halawa. It would be logical to expect a strong correlation between the sensory measure (color) of halawa and color parameters obtained by instrumental determination as well as non‐enzymatic browning (A420nm). Techniques of regression analysis were used to predict the coefficient of correlation between the visual color score and each of the seven color parameters. The estimated values of RSQ was found to range between 0.97 (in the case of H*) to 0.98 (in the case of a*). The results showed that the aerobic plate counts increased during first the 2 months, and then decreased during the storage period for halawa fortified by different percentages of mushroom. Lipolytic microorganisms did not change during storage and remained in low numbers for halawa fortified by mushroom. Results revealed that all samples of halawa fortified by mushroom were free from clostridia, total Enterobacteriaceae count and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus). It was concluded that halawa in the presence of mushroom was useful for minimizing the extent of Maillard browning reaction, maintaining color characteristics and parameters, maintaining quality and reducing water activity, and in increasing shelf‐life through inhibiting the bathogenic and reducing the spoilage bacteria. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Pulse shortening due to filamentation in transparent medium
Authors: Kosareva O G , Murtazin I N , Panov N A , Savel'ev A B , Kandidov V P , Chin S L
Published: October 2006

Spatial contraction of high-peak-power femtosecond pulse
in air leads to its simultaneous shortening in time domain.
Numerical simulations in the slowly evolving wave approximation
show that the full width at half maximum duration of the 45 fs
800 nm pulse becomes ∼8 fs as soon as the intensity reaches
the ionization threshold. At this propagation distance the
compressed pulse accumulates maximum of its energy that is
∼4% of the initial pulse energy. Higher than the second
orders of material dispersion decrease the maximum possible energy
achieved in the compressed pulse.