bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cambios geopolíticos, países emergentes (BRICS) y la cuestión del subimperialismo en nuestros días
Authors: Szilágyi István
Published: October 2020

En la segunda mitad del siglo pasado tuvieron lugar cambios geopolíticos fundamentales e históricos en el mundo. En las tres regiones semiperiféricas del mundo (Europa del Sur, América Latina, Europa Central y Oriental) fracasaron los distintos tipos de las dictaduras autoritarias y burocráticas. Pasaron a primer plano de la política mundial los países emergentes, particularmente el grupo de los países de BRICS. En América Latina se terminó la época de los estados de excepción y se inició el proceso de democratización y el establecimiento de los sistemas políticos democráticos híbridos. Acabó el mundo bipolar e inició el proceso de la construcción del mundo multipolar. Simultáneamente con estos procesos y fenómenos, en los últimos años ha sido reconsiderado el concepto del subimperialismo, elaborado por Ruy Mauro Marini en la década de los 70. Se plantea la cuestión: ¿qué vigencia tiene el concepto y pensamiento de Ruy Mauro Marini en nuestros días y se puede entender este concepto para describir e interpretar los procesos y fenómenos de medio siglo después? Cómo podemos caracterizar a Brasil: ¿es un subimperialismo y/o una gran potencia?
Thomas Jefferson on Indigence in Spanish America
Authors: Vajda Zoltán
Published: October 2020

As has been amply documented, Thomas Jefferson expressed a sincere interest in thepeoples of Spanish America with the waning of colonial rule in the early nineteenth century. Iargue in this paper that a substantial portion of his vision was comprised by implying SpanishAmerican societies as ones defined through poverty. His understanding of indigence amongpeoples of the region was not simply confined to describing their economic condition, but waslinked to a moral-political vision with the problem of independence as the major issue relatedeconomic poverty. I also contend, at the same time, that Jefferson in fact articulated his hope thatSpanish American nations would be able to develop a republican structure of government, madepossible by the special economic situation of the Western hemisphere, thus also implying thechance of tackling poverty there.
Política social, pobreza alimentaria
Authors: Merino Martínez Susana
Published: October 2020

El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar una de las estrategias de política social, orientada a atender el problema de la pobreza extrema en México. Nos referiremos a la estrategia denominada Cruzada contra el Hambre, definida por la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, como una estrategia de inclusión y bienestar social, enfocada originalmente a una población de 7.01 millones de personas consideradas en pobreza extrema con carencia alimentaria. La revisión crítica de la Estrategia permitirá establecer el alcance de la misma, si se trata de una estrategia y de una política social de nueva generación, si amortigua o erradica el problema de la pobreza y el efecto que tiene en reducir la brecha de desigualdad provocada por las políticas neoliberales.
La participación de civiles en tareas de seguridad, entre el riesgo y la utilidad
Authors: Rivas Vasconcelos Maribel
Published: October 2020

Este artículo aborda la problemática de los grupos de civiles armados, a través del caso de la Policía Comunitaria de Guerrero en México. Tomando como caso de estudio a este grupo se analizan las razones por las que son funcionales a las estructuras gubernamentales y por ello se tolera e incentiva su participación. A la par se reflexiona en las coyunturas que hacen que estos grupos pasen de la utilidad a ser definidos por las autoridades estatales como un riesgo para la estabilidad nacional. De esta forma podemos ver que los grupos de civiles armados se desenvuelven en una dicotomía de riesgo y utilidad, que obedecen a un momento histórico, en el que los gobiernos han reducido su función de garantizar la Seguridad Pública.
Derechos humanos de comunidades indígenas. Colombia, líder en desarrollos jurisprudenciales
Authors: Mejía Correa Nadia , Lago de Vergara Diana
Published: October 2020

Desde la Constitución Política colombiana fundamentada en tratados y convenios de Derechos Humanos, se prevén garantías de igualdad formal ante la ley, y equidad a modo de inclusión o igualdad real, para hacer igual a los iguales y desiguales a los desiguales. Contamos, con acciones afirmativas además de sistemas de tratamiento diferencial para comunidades vulnerables que obligan tanto al ejecutivo, como al legislador, y por supuesto a los jueces, a fijar ayudas y compensaciones para sujetos que tradicional y sistemáticamente han sido amenazados o vulnerados en sus derechos. Analizamos críticamente el concepto de vulnerabilidad especialmente de comunidades indígenas, que son objeto de especial protección constitucional, y desarrollo integral entre derecho y contexto con origen en declaraciones de “Estados de Cosas Inconstitucionales”, para que el mandato evolucione hacia la política, y la decisión judicial hacia el contexto reconociendo la prevalencia de la dignidad humana. Integremos vulnerabilidad con solidaridad y su contracara la igualdad ante la ley, en “sentencias estructurales”, que ordenan efectivizar garantías. Indagamos por conceptos de Estado moderno, y Estado unitario descentralizado por territorios étnicos que privilegian el autogobierno con agendas de reconocimiento y reparación integral.
Artesanía y desarrollo económico local
Authors: Navarro Hoyos Silvana , López Claudia
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de la investigación se centró en caracterizar a la etnia wixárica residente en la ciudad de Tepic, estado de Nayarit en México y en analizar cómo la comunidad y su producción artesanal inciden en el desarrollo económico local de la ciudad. El estudio se aborda desde la perspectiva económica, sociocultural y político administrativo. El enfoque etnográfico se hace necesario por el propósito de la investigación, utilizando metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas. Para la recopilación de datos se desarrollaron entrevistas semi estructuradas y en profundidad, adicionalmente se aplicaron técnicas de observación participativa. La orientación de la investigación se plantea desde la teoría crítica, en cuanto a sus realidades contextuales, tomando en cuenta su historia, tradición artesanal, políticas y costumbres sociales para concluir que los grupos indígenas se encuentran en un estado de vulnerabilidad frente a los gobiernos locales y nacionales y que es difícil para ellos integrarse en dinámicas empresariales y de comercialización. La artesanía tradicional sigue por tanto siendo un oficio que no tiene fuerza al momento de realizar mediciones económicas, sin embargo, son reconocidas sus aportaciones en el campo de la cultura.
György Lukács, consideraciones sobre su concepción de novela
Authors: Núñez Villavicencio Herminio
Published: October 2020

Resumen: Se hace un recuento, por medio de apuntes del tiempo de estudiante, con recursos de la memoria y de la experiencia docente durante décadas, de la importancia de Teoría de la Novela de György Lukács. Libro que fue central en varios aspectos de la Europa del siglo anterior, con ecos en Latinoamérica.
Transnational Encounters
Authors: Cristian Réka M.
Published: October 2020

The text focuses on a series of transnational flows and polylocal agencies marking the art of the American folk musician and performer Sixto Rodriguez. After issuing two albums in the seventies, he was quickly forgotten in the USA but luckily not outside of it. His first album, Cold Fact (1970), became the unofficial anthem for the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa in the seventies and the performer was paradoxically ‘rediscovered’ due to a hoax with the help of enduring South-African, Botswanan, Zimbabwean, Australian and New Zealander fans and through the research of the Swedish-Algerian filmmaker Malik Bendjelloul, who made and directed Searching for Sugarman (2012), an Oscar-winning documentary film. The quest for Rodriguez’s global itineraries still goes on through his official webpage and the release of a book in 2015 with performer-activist Rodriguez becoming in the context of global discourses and Deep Maps strategy a transnational figure rather than just an American singer.
Las relaciones hispanoamericanas a través del No-Do, 1943-1956
Authors: Gil Pardo Carme
Published: October 2020

El artículo presenta las relaciones económicas, políticas y sociales entre la España del dictador, general Franco, y los paises americanos de habla hispánica entre los años 1943 y 1956. El análisis ha sido realizado, por primera vez, a través del noticiario español No-Do.
El pensamiento cinematográfico de José Revueltas
Authors: González Santos Roberto Kaput
Published: October 2020

El pensamiento cinematográfico de José Revueltas aporta cuatro clases de testimonio: una lectura histórica del cine en México, propuesta estética basada en el método dialéctico del cine realista, descripción socioeconómica de la industria cinematográfica en este país, programa para un cine latinoamericano de vanguardia. Los escritos del periodo 1940-1967 permiten comprender mejor el nomos del campo cinematográfico a través de la mirada situada del guionista. Sus reflexiones aportan elementos para una historia crítica del cine en México.
Caracterización formal de los titulares periodísticos hispanoamericanos
Authors: Nadal Palazón Juan
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se propone, de forma exploratoria y con métodos cualitativos, un sucinto inventario de los rasgos formales más representativos de los titulares periodísticos en Hispanoamérica. Tal inventario consiste en cuatro rasgos constantes y dos variables. Los rasgos constantes se presentan de modo relativamente uniforme en todos los periódicos considerados, mientras que los variables tienen una distribución menos regular. El corpus se compone por titulares de los siguientes diarios: Clarín, de Buenos Aires (Argentina); El Comercio, de Lima (Perú); El Mercurio, de Santiago (Chile); El Nacional, de Caracas (Venezuela); El Tiempo, de Bogotá (Colombia); El Universal, de Ciudad de México (México); Hoy, de Santo Domingo (República Dominicana); La Nación, de San José (Costa Rica), y La Opinión, de Los Ángeles (Estados Unidos).
Ventas en el mercado
Authors: Schiller Katalin
Published: October 2020

Al inicio del segundo milenio numerosas familias indígenas se han quedado sin tierra. El ensayo presenta las opciones que los indígenas escogen para susbsistir, en el caso concreto de una comunidad totonaca de Veracruz, México donde tanto hombres como una parte de las mujeres emprenden trabajo pagado para contribuir a la economía familiar. Entre los trabajos figuran varias actividades que se pueden realizar en el pueblo, sin embargo hay que tener en cuenta los empleos que muchos ejercen fuera de la comunidad. Se trata del comercio en el mercado de Papantla, pequeña ciudad cercana, y de la migración, como una forma de vida que escoge últimamente la mayoría de los jóvenes. Además el artículo se enfoca en el efecto de la enseñanza escolar sobre este proceso, así mismo en el creciente número de mujeres abandonadas. ¿Cuál es su estrategia para sobrevivir y criar a sus hijos?Al mismo tiempo también destacan los programas gubernamentales de apoyo financiero que dan un impetú al aumento de la escolarización y el control de natalidad. Y estos tres factores influyen en la vida de los totonacos y especialmente en la de los jóvenes, y llegan a cambiar la organización y estructura familiar. Todo esto sucede en el marco de la modernización.
La pedagogía social crítica: una propuesta pedagógica de buenas prácticas profesionales en territorios en condición de vulnerabilidad
Authors: De León Herrera Rina del Carmen , Giammaria León Gloria
Published: October 2020

La pedagogía social crítica como propuesta pedagógica de buenas prácticas para el abordaje de problemáticas en territorios en condición de vulnerabilidad, busca romper con las formas tradicionales de educación, basadas en una educación aparentemente neutral, que se caracteriza por prácticas arbitrarias y excluyentes; para fortalecer las que permitan el desarrollo de una conciencia reflexiva. El perfeccionamiento de programas de desarrollo humano con este enfoque busca el fortalecimiento de procesos de problematización, participación y transformación de los contextos en situación de opresión y de exclusión social, para la formación de una ciudadanía crítica que impacte dichos territorios. Desde las instituciones de Educación Superior, la pedagogía social crítica se constituye en una alternativa vinculante de formación de profesionales, de las Ciencias sociales como ciudadanos comprometidos con una ciudadanía basada en la justicia, los derechos humanos, la equidad y la convivencia. En este artículo se pretende mostrar cómo se desarrollan las prácticas profesionales como proceso formativo de los y las estudiantes de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Cartagena, desde su saber y hacer, y los contenidos que estos procesos tienen de educación social, producto de una investigación realizada en dos momentos 2012 y 2018.
Ideario de poder sociopolítico y académico en la creación de la universidad y su incidencia en las universidades latinoamericanas
Authors: Padilla Castilla Amalfi , Blanco Hernández Ingrid del Carmen
Published: October 2020

Así, los conocimientos que se engendraban desde la universidad eran regulados por el papado, elemento que revela el carácter político que ha tenido la universidad desde su misma concepción. De buen grado pensaron y con razón los poderes papal y seglar en cabeza del emperador, que crear universidades eran cuño y timbre de gloria, prestigio, poder y medio conducente para la formación de funcionarios que en su momento sirvieran a monarquías y otras formas de gobierno. El auge numérico y geográfico de la expansión universitaria, se acentúa en los siglos XIV y XV, (precisamente en el siglo XIV por desavenencias de un grupo de profesores de la Universidad de Oxford, se crea la de Cambridge). Posteriormente se crean las de Padua, Nápoles, Toulouse, Praga, Viena, Heilderberg y Colonia, que serán las únicas universidades del país. En esta centuria nacen las primeras universidades escocesas. Hacia mediados del siglo XV, las universidades habían cubierto los países de cultura latina. Generándose no solo por ubicación geográfica sino el fomento de una política de poder y de saber, que inciden en Latinoamérica.
La actualidad de la integración suramericana
Authors: Hegedűs Barbara
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del artículo es presentar el funcionamiento de la UNASUR, y analizar el futuro de la organización a la luz de las nuevas noticias. En el comienzo, los doce gobiernos que se suscribieron a la iniciativa de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas, vieron en la organización una manera de coordinar las estrategias regionales, de fortalecer la economía de los países miembros, y como un nuevo elemento, de coordinar las políticas de seguridad y defensa conjuntas. Pero las crisis económicas de los países, la falta de interés y el viraje ideológico de los gobiernos de la región son las más notables causas que cuestionaron su funcionamiento. Primero un creciente número de miembros decidieron suspender su participación y ahora es incierto que exista interés para reparar lo que sucede dentro de la organización, o habrá otra iniciativa que la reemplace.
Gazdasági növekedés a demográfiai osztalékok tükrében
Authors:   , Kuncz Izabella
Published: October 2020

A népesség öregedése, azaz az alacsony születésszám és a növekvő várható élettartam miatt bekövetkező demográfiai folyamat, egyre hangsúlyosabb szerepet kap a közgazdasági kutatásokban. A világ számos országában növekszik az idős korosztály részaránya, és az előrejelzések szerint ez a tendencia az elkövetkező évtizedekben sem fog változni. A népesség korszerkezetének átalakulása már nem csak a fejlett, de a fejlődő országokban is egyre súlyosabb problémákat vetít előre, hiszen egy idő után fenntarthatatlanná teszi a jelenlegi társadalombiztosítási rendszert. Az értekezés a gazdasági növekedés szakirodalmához kapcsolódva az idősödés növekedésre gyakorolt hatását vizsgálja. Nem egyértelmű, hogy az öregedés visszaveti-e az egy főre eső kibocsátás növekedési ütemét, ugyanis az a demográfiai folyamatokból adódó két – akár ellentétes – hatás eredőjeként határozható meg. Az egyik hatás a jövedelemtermelő korosztály népességen belüli részarányának, a másik pedig azok termelékenységének változásából fakad. Ha relatíve egyre kevesebb munkaképes van jelen a gazdaságban, akkor az egy főre eső kibocsátás értéke csak akkor fenntartható, illetve növelhető, ha a gazdaságilag aktívak termelékenysége kellő mértékben növekszik. Az eltartási ráta változásából fakadó hajtóerőt első demográfiai osztaléknak nevezzük, a termelékenység növekedési üteme pedig az úgynevezett második demográfiai osztalék. Az értekezés e két demográfiai osztalékon keresztül vizsgálja a társadalmi öregedés
History teachers’ pedagogical reasoning and the dynamics of classroom implementation in Ghana
Authors: Boadu Gideon , Donnelly Debra , Sharp Heather
Published: October 2020

The Ghanaian senior high-school history curriculum encourages teachers to guide students to explore, question and construct historical interpretations, rather than accept established historical narratives. This study investigates how those teachers conceive and implement the curriculum intent by exploring their pedagogical reasoning and classroom practices. The project described in this paper draws from a range of investigative instruments including in-depth interviews, classroom observations, post-lesson interviews and teachers’ planning paperwork from 15 public senior high schools in Ghana’s Central Region. This research found that teachers’ pedagogical reasoning was consistent with constructivist educational theory as well as responsive to the history curriculum, but that their stated understandings did not align with classroom practice. The findings indicate limited constructivist strategies in history lessons, as most teachers were didactic in approach and tended to teach history as a grand narrative.
Dutch students’ understanding of the interpretative nature of textbooks when comparing two texts about a significant event in the development of democracy
Authors: Houwen Annemiek , van Boxtel Carla , Holthuis Paul
Published: October 2020

In history education, the deconstruction of narratives is an important skill for students. The skill teaches them to look critically at the offered texts. In this study, we investigated the extent to which students are able to critically analyse the narratives in their history textbooks. To answer this question, we asked 106 students in pre-university education (16–17 years of age) to read and compare two texts – from two different textbooks – about a turning point in the development of the Dutch state and democracy: the introduction of universal suffrage for men and women in 1917–19. One group of students (N=10) worked on the assignment while thinking aloud. We found that most students recognized the author’s voice in the selection of persons and dates and in the attention paid to a particular topic, but that they hardly mentioned recognizing the voice in aspects such as the choice of words or headings. The students who analysed and compared the texts while thinking aloud all indicated after the assignment that they understood that these texts are different interpretations of the same historical development.
O processo de periferização da habitação financiado pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida
Authors: Dourado Joesley , Luiz Araújo Sobrinho Fernando
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção de unidades habitacionais promovida pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV na Área Metropolitana de Brasília. Busca-se investigar qual é o papel desempenhado pelo Estado no contexto do PMCMV e também analisar a distribuição espacial dos recursos financeiros e unidades habitacionais financiadas com recursos do Programa entre os anos de 2009 e 2018. A metodologia da pesquisa foi estabelecida em três etapas. A primeira diz respeito a pesquisa bibliográfica, no sentido de contribuir para entender as principais características do PMCMV. A segunda etapa tratou de pesquisa documental, com a análise da base de dados obtida junto ao Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional, órgão coordenador do PMCMV. A terceira e última etapa foi de pesquisa de campo, onde foi possível registrar empreendimentos imobiliários que corroboram com a tese do avanço da produção habitacional para a periferia metropolitana de Brasília. Observou-se que o Estado foi primordialmente o financiador do PMCMV através do sistema financeiro (bancos públicos e privados) e a gestão do território do DF que é exercida sob a influência do monopólio estatal da terra urbana em conjunto com a ação da iniciativa privada promoveu o processo de periferização das habitações financiadas pelo PMCMV que no contexto da Área Metropolitana de Brasília teve protagonismo nos municípios goianos no “Entorno” do DF em detrimento do território da capital federal.
Scaling attributed network embedding to massive graphs
Authors: Yang Renchi , Shi Jieming , Xiao Xiaokui , Yang Yin , Liu Juncheng , Bhowmick Sourav S.
Published: October 2020

Given a graph
G
where each node is associated with a set of attributes,
attributed network embedding (ANE)
maps each node
v
∈
G
to a compact vector

X
v

, which can be used in downstream machine learning tasks. Ideally,

X
v

should capture node
v
's
affinity
to each attribute, which considers not only
v
's own attribute associations, but also those of its connected nodes along edges in
G
. It is challenging to obtain high-utility embeddings that enable accurate predictions; scaling effective ANE computation to massive graphs with millions of nodes pushes the difficulty of the problem to a whole new level. Existing solutions largely fail on such graphs, leading to prohibitive costs, low-quality embeddings, or both.

This paper proposes PANE, an effective and scalable approach to ANE computation for massive graphs that achieves state-of-the-art result quality on multiple benchmark datasets, measured by the accuracy of three common prediction tasks: attribute inference, link prediction, and node classification. In particular, for the large
MAG
data with over 59 million nodes, 0.98 billion edges, and 2000 attributes, PANE is the only known viable solution that obtains effective embeddings on a single server, within 12 hours.

PANE obtains high scalability and effectiveness through three main algorithmic designs. First, it formulates the learning objective based on a novel random walk model for attributed networks. The resulting optimization task is still challenging on large graphs. Second, PANE includes a highly efficient solver for the above optimization problem, whose key module is a carefully designed initialization of the embeddings, which drastically reduces the number of iterations required to converge. Finally, PANE utilizes multi-core CPUs through non-trivial parallelization of the above solver, which achieves scalability while retaining the high quality of the resulting embeddings. Extensive experiments, comparing 10 existing approaches on 8 real datasets, demonstrate that PANE consistently outperforms all existing methods in terms of result quality, while being orders of magnitude faster.
The simpler the better
Authors: Zeng Yuxiang , Tong Yongxin , Song Yuguang , Chen Lei
Published: October 2020

Ridesharing services have gained global popularity as a convenient, economic, and sustainable transportation mode in recent years. One fundamental challenge in these services is planning the shared-routes (
i.e.
, sequences of origins and destinations) among the passengers for the vehicles, such that the platform's total revenue is maximized. Though many methods can solve this problem, their effectiveness is still far from optimal on either empirical study (
e.g.
, over 31% lower total revenue than our approach) or theoretical study (
e.g.
, arbitrarily bad or impractical theoretical guarantee). In this paper, we study the shared-route planning queries in ridesharing services and focus on designing efficient algorithms with good approximation guarantees. Particularly, our idea is to iteratively search the most profitable route among the unassigned requests for each vehicle, which is simpler than the existing methods. Unexpectedly, we prove this simple method has an approximation ratio of 0.5 to the optimal result. Moreover, we also design an index called
additive tree
to improve the efficiency and apply randomization to improve the approximation guarantee. Finally, experimental results on two real datasets demonstrate that our additive-tree-based approach outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms by obtaining up to 31.4%--127.4% higher total revenue.
Bridging Systems to Implement HIV/STI Programming Within the Juvenile Justice System: Strengths and Challenges of a Local Change Team Approach
Authors: Huang Sofia , Gardner Sheena , Piper Kaitlin N. , Coleman Ashley S. , Becan Jennifer E. , Robertson Angela A. , Elkington Katherine S.
Published: October 2020

Justice-involved youth are at risk for HIV/STIs but do not access services. The complex challenges of improving the delivery of health-related services within juvenile justice (JJ) settings warrant exploration of strategies to close this service gap. This study describes the successes and challenges of utilizing a local change team (LCT) strategy comprising JJ and health agency staff to implement HIV/STI programming in JJ settings, across six counties in six states in the U.S. Five focus groups comprising n = 28 JJ and health agency staff who served as LCT members were conducted. Results demonstrated the structured nature of the collaborative process and strength of commitment among LCT members were necessary for successful implementation of HIV/STI programming. The use of LCTs comprising membership of JJ and (behavioral) health systems has broader applicability to other health and behavioral health issues faced by youth on probation that JJ staff may feel ill equipped to address.
Diagnostic potential of miR-483 family for IGF-II producing non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia
Authors: Nagao Mototsugu , Fukuda Izumi , Asai Akira , Esguerra Jonathan L S , Hizuka Naomi , Eliasson Lena , Sugihara Hitoshi
Published: October 2020

Objective

In insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) producing non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), high molecular weight forms of IGF-II (big IGF-II) are produced as a cause of spontaneous hypoglycemia. MicroRNA (miRNA)-483 family, encoded in an intron lesion of IGF2 gene, is suggested to be co-expressed with IGF-II. Here, we tested whether serum miR-483-5p and -3p levels are associated with the presence of big IGF-II in NICTH.

Design

Serum samples from patients who were suspected to have IGF-II producing NICTH (n = 42) were tested. MiR-483-5p and -3p levels were evaluated using quantitative PCR. IGF-II level was analyzed using ELISA. The presence of big IGF-II was identified by Western blotting.

Results

Big IGF-II was detected in the sera of 32 patients. MiR-483-5p (P = 0.0015) and -3p (P = 0.027) levels were significantly higher in sera with big IGF-II (n = 32) than in those without (n = 10), whereas serum IGF-II level (P = 0.055) was not significantly different between the groups. The median serum concentration of miR-483-5p was ~10 times higher than that of miR-483-3p. Although a strong correlation was observed between the two miRNAs (r = 0.844, P < 0.0001), but neither of which was correlated with serum IGF-II level. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of miR-483-5p (0.853) and -3p (0.722) were higher than that of IGF-II (0.694) for detecting the presence of big IGF-II.

Conclusion

The associations of serum miR-483-5p and -3p levels with the presence of big IGF-II suggest the diagnostic potential of these miRNAs for IGF-II producing NICTH.
Is Sex Hormone the Driving Force of School Violence? The Neurobehavioral Evidence
Authors: Zhou Longjun , Wang Fuzhou
Published: October 2020

When our students suffer school violence, we often subconsciously focus on the perpetrator’s personal behavior and other external factors related to it, such as family, school, and classmates. Of course, these external reasons are naturally more or less related to the behavior of the perpetrator, but are there any internal driving factors that make violence uncontrollable?
Education Should Respect the Nature of Children
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqiao
Published: October 2020

How to effectively deal with school violence and bullying is currently a globally recognized hot issue in the field of student management and minor protection. The UNESCO (UNESCO) report (Behind the Numbers: Ending School Violence and Bullying) released in 2019 pointed out that school violence and bullying are common problems worldwide (UNESCO, 2019). School violence or bullying has long existed in different stages of school education (Wei et al., 2019).
Comprehensive Evaluation of Xiaoman Zhu’s Emotional Education Theory
Authors: Xiong Juan
Published: October 2020

Professor Xiaoman Zhu is the theoretical initiator and the promoter of contemporary emotional education in China. Since the 1980s and 1990s, she has led the research on China’s emotional education and has put forward many pioneering insights, forming a rich and systematic emotional education theory. She has been involved in guiding several experimental schools and research bases for a long time committed to the proper combination of emotional education theory and school education. She infiltrated it into moral education, teacher education, textbooks, courses, etc., and her theory has been widely recognized. This paper evaluates the source, theoretical basis, and practice of Xiaoman Zhu’s emotional education as a whole, intending to construct a theoretical cognitive framework to describe Xiaoman Zhu’s educational thought and theory in a more comprehensive manner.
Subplate neurons: their biopsychosocial role in cognitive and neurodevelopmental disorders, nociception and stress
Authors: Tristão Rosana Maria , Oliveira Andressa Carvalho , Barreto Nágelin Ferreira , Aucélio, Carlos Nogueira , Fernandes Geraldo Magela , Costa Karina Nascimento , de Jesus José Alfredo Lacerda
Published: October 2020

A systematic review was carried out of the literature especially in humans reporting the origin, functions and neural changes of the subplate zone and the relationships with neurodevelopmental disorders and stress or nociceptive reaction in neonates. Thirty-two articles with established criteria were identified. Academic Google, SciElo, PubMed, Scopus, Cochraine Library and Web of Science databases were searched until January 2020 for scientific papers written in any language. Subplate neurons are present during embryogenesis of the nervous system and shortly after birth. Through them, the brain forms the first connections between the thalamus and the cortex originating sensory and cognitive capacities. Because of this, disorders involving migration and apoptosis failures or tissue injury can lead to psychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, and to morphological alterations that may alter cognitive functions, modify the perception of pain in fetuses and neonates and have repercussions in adult life. Accumulative evidences reveal the importance of subplate neurons for neurodevelopment, previously ignored because they are transient cells. The elucidation of some morphological aspects of the cerebral cortex may explain mental disorders, the beginning of the perception of nociceptive stimuli and their implication in the long term.
BACKGROUND FAMILIAR, RETORNOS DA EDUCAÇÃO E DESIGUALDADE RACIAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Vaz Daniela Verzola
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este trabalho analisa o efeito do background familiar sobre os rendimentos do trabalho e sobre os retornos da escolaridade no Brasil, comparando os resultados obtidos por brancos e negros. São estimadas equações de rendimento com dados de 1996 e 2014 da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (Pnad/IBGE), adotando- -se a escolaridade dos pais do trabalhador como proxy de seu background familiar. Os resultados mostram que ter um diploma universitário tem efeito pronunciado sobre os rendimentos, porém em menor magnitude para os negros. Entre 1996 e 2014, apesar de ter ocorrido uma diminuição do efeito diploma, bem como do diferencial salarial entre brancos e negros, não houve redução da importância do background familiar para o desempenho dos indivíduos no mercado de trabalho.
COMUNIDADES PROFESIONALES DE APRENDIZAJE EN EDUCACIÓN PARVULARIA EN CHILE
Authors: Guerra Paula , Rodriguez Mery , Zañartu Carola
Published: October 2020

Resumen Una alternativa de desarrollo profesional docente son las comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje (CPA), espacio formativo altamente valorizado y respaldado por creciente evidencia. Un ámbito escasamente abordado son los factores contextuales e institucionales asociados a las CPA. Para indagar en ellos se analizaron dos CPA compuestas por educadoras de párvulos. Mediante un estudio de caso, se entrevistaron, grupal e individualmente, educadoras y representantes institucionales. Los hallazgos destacan la gestión, coordinación de procesos, visión y planeamiento estratégico como aspectos relevantes, junto a procesos reflexivos que acompañan la evolución de las CPA. Se discuten las convergencias y divergencias de ambos casos, así como las implicancias teóricas y prácticas.
A internet como coadjuvante no empoderamento dos pacientes que vivem com o HIV/Aids
Authors: Falcão Luciene Dutra , Garbin Helena Beatriz da Rocha , Koifman Lilian
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este trabalho discute o uso da internet como instrumento de pesquisa em saúde num grupo de pacientes que vivem e convivem com o HIV/Aids. A literatura sobre o tema em questão mostra a internet como um dos meios de comunicação mais acessados para busca de informações sobre saúde nos dias atuais, inclusive para o grupo entrevistado. É um estudo qualitativo que envolve entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os pacientes entrevistados pela pesquisa estão em tratamento ambulatorial para HIV/Aids e participam de um grupo de apoio no mesmo hospital onde realizam seu tratamento. Em contraposição com os dados teóricos levantados, no grupo pesquisado muitos preferem o uso de outras mídias e alguns não fazem uso da internet para pesquisas sobre saúde. A análise das entrevistas revelou que o conhecimento adquirido pela internet ou por outras mídias não afeta o respeito do profissional médico. Pelo contrário, parece valorizar a relação médico-paciente e a confiança no conhecimento médico. Apesar de utilizarem vários meios de comunicação, consideram que a principal fonte de informação ainda é aquela oferecida pelo profissional médico ou outro profissional de saúde qualificado. Além disso, o empoderamento, obtido por meio dos conhecimentos adquiridos na internet, contribuiu para o diálogo com o médico durante a consulta. Pelo contrário, fortalecido pela confiança que o profissional médico transmite ao conduzir o encontro clínico.
Effect of fibre type and content on performance of bio-based concrete containing heat-treated apricot shell
Authors: Wu Fan , Yu Qingliang , Liu Changwu , Brouwers H. J. H. , Wang Linfeng , Liu Defeng
Published: October 2020

The heat-treated apricot shell can be utilized as coarse aggregates for producing sustainable bio-based lightweight concrete with good compressive strength but poor tensile strength. In order to improve the tensile properties of apricot shell concrete (ASC), the effects of polypropylene (PP) fibre, glass (G) fibre and basalt (B) fibre at various volume fractions (Vf) (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%) on the performance of ASC were investigated. The results indicated that the fibre type had no significant effect on the physical properties of ASC such as slump, density, water absorption and permeable porosity. However, the slump of ASC decreases with an increase in fibre content. The B fibre has a better improvement in mechanical properties than the PP fibre and G fibre thanks to the better elastic modulus and tensile strength. When the Vf was 0.5%, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of ASC reinforced with B fibre were increased by 16.7%, 29.1%, 29.2%, and 18.1%, respectively, compared to ASC without any fibres. The magnesium sulfate attack results showed that the incorporation of the B fibre decreased the mass loss and compressive strength of ASC exposed to a MgSO4 solution for 6 months because the fibre arrested the microcracks caused by the expansive stress. It is concluded that the mechanical properties of bio-based ASC and its resistance to magnesium sulfate attack can be significantly improved by incorporating 0.5% B fibre.
Thermal properties of pineapple leaf fiber for product development
Authors: Ruiz Eliana Zapata , Guzmán Viviana Otálvaro , Vargas Erika Solange Imbett
Published: October 2020

This study is part of a research project on pineapple fiber characterization for developing composite materials and their application to product design. It was conceived by the Bionics and Design Student Research Group, and one of its research areas is the classification and application of properties of the so-called agricultural waste to develop applications for industrial products. Pineapple waste, composed of the leaves of this plant, is called rastrojo (stubble) in Spanish, and it was selected due to its high production volume and environmental impact, which is progressive in plantations. An important aspect in this study is the current lack of information about the thermal properties of pineapple fiber, which is contradictory as several types of natural fibers are used as thermal insulators. This fact was a motivation to conduct this research and identify those properties. For this study, a pineapple plant was characterized. Subsequently, different tests and experiments were conducted, and the most appropriate methods were adopted. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were identified as the best methods for calculating degradation values, specific heat and thermal life.
Impact of grain size and reactant ratio on reduction of CO2 to CH4 by alkali metal hydride
Authors: Zhao Juan , Sheng Yu-Jun , Teng Yun-Lei , Dong Bao-Xia
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to investigate the influence of the grain size and the alkali metal hydride (AH, where A = lithium (Li), sodium (Na) or potassium (K))/carbon dioxide (CO2) mole ratio on carbon dioxide reduction-conversion to methane (CH4) through alkali metal hydrides at an intermediate temperature. The result of this investigation shows that the grain size and AH (A = Li, Na or K)/carbon dioxide mole ratio have a considerable effect on the methane mole percentage and output. Compared with the original sample, when the lithium or potassium hydride sample is milled for 2 h, the mole percentage and output of methane increase. When the time for which the lithium or potassium hydride sample is milled is increased from 2 to 48 h, the mole percentage and output of methane change very little. For the sodium hydride and carbon dioxide system, the grain size of the sample has little effect on the methane mole percentage and output. In brief, alkali metal hydride milled for 2 h is enough for the methanation reaction. In consideration of the AH/carbon dioxide mole ratio, the effects on different reaction systems are not consistent. Activated alkali metal hydrides can effectively convert carbon dioxide to methane under various AH/carbon dioxide mole ratios, and the higher the mole ratio of AH/carbon dioxide, the better the methanation of alkali metal hydride with carbon dioxide.
Earthquake-induced energy response of reinforced concrete dual-system tall buildings
Authors: Deger Zeynep Tuna
Published: October 2020

The distribution of earthquake-induced energy in a 42-storey reinforced concrete dual-system building at three ground shaking intensities was investigated. The earthquake-induced energy response of the building was obtained in terms of elastic energy (kinetic energy and strain energy) and inelastic energy (hysteretic energy and structural damping energy) components for each structural member. Hysteretic energy is an indicator of inelastic deformations (i.e. potential damage) and is considered particularly important as it leads to high irrecoverable energy demands in a building and identifies critical members that require higher energy absorption capacity. The ratio of hysteretic energy to input energy was assessed among different structural members as well as along the building height. The results showed that the hysteretic energy constituted less than 10% of the total input energy and was mostly dissipated in the frame members for low-intensity events, whereas 75% of the input energy was dissipated in the hysteretic mechanism, prominently by the beams. In terms of hysteretic energy demands, the critical floor levels were found to be the 12th and 26th floors. The findings of this research will help engineers obtain a reasonable estimate of the expected hysteretic energy demand once the input energy is known.
Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Karşılaştıkları Sorunların, Sorunlara Yönelik Eleştiri ve Önerilerin Sosyal Medya Üzerinden İncelenmesi
Authors: BENZER Ahmet , SARAÇOĞLU Kübra
Published: October 2020

Sosyal medya, aynı meslekte benzer sorunları yaşayan insanlar için duygu ve düşüncelerini paylaşma imkânı tanıması bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmada Facebook üzerinden Türkçe öğretmenlerinin alan ve mesleklerine ait soru, öneri ve eleştirileri incelenecektir. Bu doğrultuda hem mevcut durumu görme hem de lisans eğitimi dâhil olmak üzere devam eden veya geliştirilecek yeni programlara dair bilgi ve gerekçe sağlayacak bir veri elde etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın modeli durum çalışması olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verileri için Türkçe öğretmenlerinden oluşan bir Facebook grubu seçilmiştir. 1 Eylül 2015 ile 31 Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasındaki 8.372 gönderi araştırma inceleme nesnesini oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Türkçe öğretmenleri “dil bilgisi ve dil bilgisi öğretimi” (3.560), “temel dil becerilerini geliştirme” (2.079), “okul içi etkinlikler” (979), “kelime öğretimi” (632), “mesleki gelişim” (452), “ölçme ve değerlendirme” (392), “ders materyalleri” (388) “projeler” (250) konularında bilgi ve görüş alışverişinde bulunmuşlardır. Araştırma sonucunda sosyal medya üzerinden öğretmen grupları düzenli taranarak elde edilen bilgilerin hizmet öncesi ve hizmet içi eğitimlerinin işlevsel olarak planlanmasında etkin kullanılması önerilmiştir. Bu veriler aynı zamanda doğrudan sahadaki uygulayıcıların düşünceleriyle şekillenen işlevsel bir eğitim programlamasına imkân sağlayacaktır.
Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının Akademik Yazma Becerilerine İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: YÜCELŞEN Neslihan , ÇETİNKAYA EDİZER Zeynep
Published: October 2020

Yükseköğretimin amaçlarından biri bilimsel araştırmalar ve çalışmalar yaparak bilgi üretimi sağlamaktır. Öğrencilerin yükseköğretime başladıkları andan itibaren okudukları kaynakları, yaptıkları ödevleri, verdikleri sınavları kapsayan, belli ölçütleri olan, öğrenilebilir ve geliştirilebilir bir beceri olarak tanımlanabilecek akademik yazma bilgi üretiminin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının akademik yazma ile ilgili görüş ve deneyimleri hakkında fikir sahibi olmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, nitel bir araştırmadır. Çalışmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Görüşmeler 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı boyunca İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi ile Marmara Üniversitesinde sürdürülmüş, toplam 46 Türkçe öğretmeni adayına ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analizden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada ulaşılan bulgular, alanyazında yer alan veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin akademik yazıları not motivasyonuna bağlı olarak takip ettikleri, bilimsel söylemin genel özelliklerinin farkında oldukları fakat bu özellikleri kendi yazılarına uyarlamada zorlandıkları, akademik yazıları zor ve anlaşılmaz buldukları gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
Türkçe Eğitiminde Bilişim ve Teknoloji Kullanımına Yönelik Araştırmaların Konu Alanı ve Yöntem Yönünden Analizi
Authors: KUZHAN Metin , FİDAN Mehmet
Published: October 2020

Türkçe eğitimi süreçleri bireylerin anlama, anlatma kabiliyetlerine; bilişsel düşünme becerilerine vb. doğrudan etkide bulunduğu için araştırmacıların ilgi odağında yer alır. Bu araştırmalar genel olarak Türkçe eğitimi süreçlerinden daha etkin bir biçimde nasıl faydalanılacağı ve mevcut uygulamaların etkililiği doğrultusundadır. Eğitim süreçlerinin etkinliğinin geliştirilmesinde mevcut teknolojik imkânlardan yararlanılması konusu ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Türkçe eğitimi süreçlerinde bilişim ve teknoloji kullanımına yönelik araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmalar lisansüstü tez çalışmaları ve makaleler şeklinde ele alınmıştır. Ele alınan araştırma örnekleri konu alanları ve yöntemleri yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada tarama modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilere ulaşmada doküman incelemesi, verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ise içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Tezler ve makaleler sıralanan alanlar açısından ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları özetlendiğinde tezlerde konu alanı yönünden “çoklu ortam-dil becerileri etkileşimi”, “yabancılara Türkçe öğretim süreçlerinde e-içerik kullanımı”, “e-içerik-dil becerilerinin etkileşimi” vb.; makalelerde ise “yabancılara Türkçe öğretim süreçlerinde e-içerik, teknoloji kullanımı” ve “teknoloji, bilgisayar destekli Türkçe eğitimi” başlıklarının ön plana çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Lisansüstü tezlerde ön test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desenin, makalelerde ise tarama modellerinin en çok kullanılan araştırma modelleri olduğu görülmüştür.
Transporte público coletivo e mobilidade: a relevância da governança interfederativa
Authors: Kneib Erika Cristine
Published: October 2020

Um sistema de transporte público coletivo eficiente e que atenda às necessidades dos cidadãos mostra-se cada vez mais essencial para garantir uma mobilidade adequada nas cidades. Apesar de numerosos benefícios às cidades, este sistema está implexo em inúmeros desafios, os quais muitas vezes excedem o âmbito do transporte público coletivo e acabam revelando-se presentes em outras estruturas e elementos da cidade. Se os desafios do transporte coletivo no âmbito municipal são muitos, maiores ainda são os desafios dos sistemas localizados em regiões metropolitanas, demandando um processo que integre e articule as decisões e as políticas públicas. É neste contexto que os temas governança e gestão pública ganham um relevante protagonismo, pois são imperiosos para permitir que processos coordenados, articulados e integrados levem à solução de diversos problemas relacionados ao transporte público coletivo. Assim sendo, este trabalho apresenta como objetivo investigar e analisar as relações entre governança interfederativa e transporte coletivo no contexto brasileiro, procurando entender como a governança impacta a qualidade do transporte coletivo, assim como sugerir elementos que contribuam para o enfrentamento dos problemas e para a qualidade deste serviço. Como metodologia, adota-se pesquisa exploratória, aplicada e bibliográfica. Os resultados permitiram compreender que as soluções para a melhoria do transporte coletivo incluem medidas e ações integradas e articuladas que extrapolam o âmbito deste sistema, assim como o papel essencial da governança interfederativa para se obter um serviço que atenda às necessidades dos cidadãos.