bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generational Changes in Attitudes toward the European Union in Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Sadowski Ireneusz , Kołczyńska Marta , Teslyk Nataliia
Published: May 2024

The European Union serves as an important aspirational and geopolitical reference in the societies of post-communist Central and Eastern Europe and, thus, their pro- and anti-EU sentiments traditionally serve as a synthetic indicator of political values, attitudes, and preferences. At the same time, since at least the 1970s, the social sciences have treated generational replacement as an important factor in political change. Our goal is, therefore, to establish if generational replacement, along with intergenerational differences in attitudes, has contributed to political orientations in Polish and Ukrainian society. While the two countries share a post-communist past, Poland has been an EU member since 2004, and Ukraine strongly aspires to become a member. We therefore hypothesize about the significance of the aspirational role of the European Union. Using an extensive set of survey data, totaling more than one hundred thousand interviews from two decades between 1998 and 2017, we analyze generational change in attitudes concerning EU membership in both countries. The results support our hypothesis, in that they show distinctive patterns in the two societies. While in Poland the youngest cohort has since 2015 became less pro-European than the older Polish cohorts, in Ukraine, the youngest cohort has consistently played the role of an avant-garde in this respect. At the same time, in line with the results of previous research, the analysis elaborates on the “Euromaidan generation” phenomenon.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human Milk After mRNA and Adenovector-Based Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xuan , Hu Yan , Lv You , Obore Nathan , Wang YiXiao , Yu Hong
Published: May 2024

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies exist in human milk expressed by lactating parents after vaccination. In the existing research, the effects of vaccine types on human milk are inconsistent.

Research Aim:

This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing observational studies to compare the positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk according to mRNA and adenovector-based vaccination.

Methods:

PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from December 30, 2019 to February 15, 2023. Observational studies were considered eligible provided they reported data on SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk. The risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) were used to assess risk of bias. Seven studies, including 511 lactating participants, were included in this review and meta-analysis.

Results:

The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgA is higher in mRNA vaccine groups than in adenovector-based vaccine groups ( OR = 4.80, 95% CI [3.04, 7.58], p < 0.001). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was higher in mRNA vaccines than in adenovector-based vaccines.

Conclusions:

Compared to adenovector-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines present a higher positivity rate of IgA and IgG in human milk after vaccination. In other words, mRNA vaccinations may offer breastfed children a higher level of protection than adenovector-based vaccinations. Further high-quality data is still required to substantiate these findings.
A Critical Review of Breastfeeding Instruments Derived From Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Barta Kelsie
Published: May 2024

Background:

Understanding the motivational factors that influence breastfeeding behavior is critical for addressing suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes. Self-determination theory has been used as a framework to understand these factors.

Research Aim:

The aim of this article is to identify and critically review breastfeeding instruments derived from self-determination theory and their subsequent uses in the literature.

Method:

This critical review was guided by Grant and Booth’s typological description. Eligibility criteria included full-text, peer-reviewed original instrument development and validation articles, written in the English language without limitation to specific years. Articles describing the use of the eligible instruments were also included. There were 164 articles identified initially, and four instruments were included in the final sample. Finally, five articles, including subsequent uses of the instruments were critically analyzed and an overview, assessment of validation, and analysis of subsequent use of each instrument is presented.

Results:

All instruments examine the degree of autonomy underlying breastfeeding motivation. The extent and quality of validation varied. Two instruments have been used in subsequent studies; one was adapted and translated into Turkish and used in three other studies, and another was used in full in one subsequent use and in part in another study. Three of four were initially developed for prenatal administration.

Conclusions:

Instruments derived from self-determination theory hold promise in exploring the autonomy underlying breastfeeding motivations. Researchers who wish to use or adapt these instruments should consider the instruments’ domains, validity, and administration. New measures are needed to explore other constructs from self-determination theory related to breastfeeding.
Parkinson’s Disease: Coping Strategies, Cognitive Restructuring and Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Meyer Mylène , Montel Sébastien , Colnat-Coulbois Sophie , Frismand Solène , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Vidailhet Pierre , Schwan Raymund , Spitz Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

Objective

Less is known concerning the evolution of coping strategies before and after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial, coping was measured with the neurological version of the CHIP (Coping with Health Injuries and Problem) and the BriefCOPE in PD patients before ( T1: DBS - 2 months) and after (T2: + 3 months, T3: + 6 months) DBS. Patients (N = 50, age 59 ± 5.7 years, disease duration 9.54 ± 3.7 years) were randomised in 3 groups: CRTG (preoperative psychological preparation with cognitive restructuring), PIG (preoperative non structured interviews), and CG (no psychological preparation).

Results

Coping strategies are modulated by the time of evaluation. Some strategies are significantly more used preoperatively than postoperatively, as strategies about the research for information (CHIP: F = 16.14; P = .000; η2 = .095; BriefCOPE F = 5.71; P = .005; η2 = .066), emotional regulation (F = 3.29; P = .042; η2 = .029), and well-being searching (F = 4.59; P = .013; η2 = .043). Some other strategies appear more used post than preoperatively, as palliative coping (F = 5.57; P = .005; η2 = .064), humour (F = 3.35; P = .041; η2 = .0.35), and use of substance (F = 4.43; P = .015; η2 = .070). No other specific time, group or time per group interaction effect was found.

Conclusion

Coping strategies are crucial for PD patients to adapt to the evolution of their parkinsonian state. Their consideration should be more systematic in the neurosurgical process, particularly when neurological symptoms would remain after DBS. More insights are needed concerning the evolution of coping strategies through DBS and the impact of a preoperative psychotherapy over them in preoperative PD patients.
How to Elicit Organizational Citizenship Behavior? The Role of Strengths-Based Leadership
Authors: Wang Fuxiang , Ding He
Published: May 2024

This paper sought to study the association of strengths-based leadership with follower organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and to consider the mediating role of organizational identification and the moderating role of role overload in the relationship. We collected data at three time points from a sample of 272 employees working in diverse organizations in China. Structural equation modeling analysis was utilized to examine our hypotheses. Results showed that strengths-based leadership has a positive relationship with follower OCB even after controlling for humble leadership, and organizational identification mediates this relationship. Moreover, results also indicated that role overload negatively moderates the direct relationship of strengths-based leadership with organizational identification and the indirect relationship of strengths-based leadership with OCB via organizational identification. The present article is the first to investigate the strengths-based leadership and OCB relationship, which contributes to deepening our understanding of how, why, and when strengths-based leadership is associated with OCB.
ITRI Biofilm Prevented Thoracic Adhesion in Pigs That Received Myocardial Ischemic Induction Treated by Myocardial Implantation of EPCs and ECSW Treatment
Authors: Sheu Jiunn-Jye , Yeh Jui-Ning , Sung Pei-Hsun , Chiang John Y. , Chen Yi-Ling , Wang Yi-Ting , Yip Hon-Kan , Guo Jun
Published: May 2024

This study tested the hypothesis that ITRI Biofilm prevents adhesion of the chest cavity. Combined extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) + bone marrow-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) therapy was superior to monotherapy for improving heart function (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]) in minipigs with ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) induced by an ameroid constrictor applied to the mid-left anterior descending artery. The minipigs ( n = 30) were equally designed into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (IC), group 3 (IC + EPCs/by directly implanted into the left ventricular [LV] myocardium; 3 [+]/3[–] ITRI Biofilm), group 4 (IC + ECSW; 3 [+]/[3] – ITRI Biofilm), and group 5 (IC + EPCs–ECSW; 3 [+]/[3] – ITRI Biofilm). EPC/ECSW therapy was administered by day 90, and the animals were euthanized, followed by heart harvesting by day 180. In vitro studies demonstrated that cell viability/angiogenesis/cell migratory abilities/mitochondrial concentrations were upregulated in EPCs treated with ECSW compared with those in EPCs only (all Ps < 0.001). The LVEF was highest in group 1/lowest in group 2/significantly higher in group 5 than in groups 3/4 (all Ps < 0.0001) by day 180, but there was no difference in groups 3/4. The adhesion score was remarkably lower in patients who received ITRI Biofilm treatment than in those who did not (all Ps <0.01). The protein expressions of oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein)/apoptotic (mitochondrial-Bax/caspase3/PARP)/fibrotic (TGF-β/Smad3)/DNA/mitochondria-damaged (γ-H2AX/cytosolic-cytochrome-C/p-DRP1), and heart failure/pressure-overload (BNP [brain natriuretic peptide]/β-MHC [beta myosin heavy chain]) biomarkers displayed a contradictory manner of LVEF among the groups (all Ps < 0.0001). The protein expression of endothelial biomarkers (CD31/vWF)/small-vessel density revealed a similar LVEF within the groups (all Ps < 0.0001). ITRI Biofilm treatment prevented chest cavity adhesion and was superior in restoring IC-related LV dysfunction when combined with EPC/ECSW therapy compared with EPC/ECSW therapy alone.
Anti-myocardial Ischaemia by Bioinformatics of Apocynum venetum L.
Authors: Yue Yuan-Jia , Li Yu , Rong Xing , Ji Zhao , Wang Hui-Min , Jiang Lin
Published: May 2024

Background

In recent years, the number of patients with myocardial ischaemia is rising year by year in China.

Objectives

The study uses network pharmacology to predict targets and pathways of action of Apocynum venetum L. (AVL) for the treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI).

Materials and Methods

The essential active compounds of AVL were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The objective of selecting the target genes was achieved through the utilization of GeneCards and Swiss Target Prediction resources. The pool of MI-related targets was obtained from DisGeNET, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and the Therapeutic Target Database. The protein-protein interaction network was meticulously constructed using the STRING algorithm. The gene ontology (GO) analysis of AVL-MI targets was performed at Metascape. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was conducted to study the interactions of AVL components with estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90A), protein kinase B (Akt1), tyrosine kinase Src (SRC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Finally, cellular experiments were performed to validate the mechanism of action of AVL.

Results

The molecular target analysis revealed that AVL has the potential to interact with a total of 147 biomolecules. This comprises ESR1, HSP90A, epidermal growth factor receptor, protein kinase B alpha (Akt1), SRC and PI3K. As indicated by GO and KEGG analyses, AVL’s inhibitory potential against MI may be due to its action on the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Furthermore, docking studies conducted to assess the interactions between AVL components and their targets (ESR1, HSP90A, Akt1, SRC and PI3K) confirmed that they have robust binding affinities. Cell experiments also showed that AVL treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress indexes ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of Akt1 and PI3K proteins were significantly higher in the AVL group compared to the MI group ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion

AVL therapy exhibits the potential to alleviate the symptoms of MI by mitigating oxidative stress and by orchestrating the expression of proteins such as PI3K and Akt1.
Aridanin Attenuates Behavior Deficits and Neuroinflammatory Response in 1-Methyl- 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice
Authors: Ban Weigu , Lu Lina , Teng Xiuying , Zhang Yiran , Qi Hui
Published: May 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurological illness, is treated with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic techniques, including medicinal plants and their extracts.

Purpose

We assessed the anti-neurodegenerative properties of aridanin against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced PD in mice.

Materials and Methods

In the current investigation, the neuroprotective potential of aridanin in the MPTP-induced PD animal model via behavioral analysis, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology was determined.

Results

The results showed that mice treated with MPTP had mobility, motor issues, and behavioral dysfunctions. When mice were challenged with MPTP, they had low antioxidant levels. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were high in MPTP-treated mice. There are signs of PD based on these results. Behavioral effects were improved, antioxidant levels increased, and MDA and proinflammatory cytokines levels decreased in animals treated with aridanin.

Conclusion

Thus, in combination, aridanin therapy guards against MPTP-induced neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and motor dysfunction in PD mice.
Assessment Tool by UNICEF and LATCH Scoring System for Identification of Inadequacy of Breastfeeding in Early Neonatal Period: An Observational Cross-sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Jain Juhi , Hemrajani Satyen K. , Sharma Shyam Sundar , Gurjar Varun , Banveer Parul
Published: May 2024

Background

Breast milk is the most ideal nourishment for a neonate with a high level of bio-efficacy. Learning the right breastfeeding technique is a challenging job, especially for new and young mothers; hence, there is a need for a valid and reliable measuring tool to determine the adequacy of breastfeeding.

Objective

To check the adequacy of breastfeeding in mother–neonate dyads using breastfeeding assessment tools by comparing UNICEF and LATCH scoring systems and to test the reliability of the tools through test–retest reliability.

Design

An observational cross-sectional comparative study.

Setting

Department of Neonatology, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Methods

All stable neonates of ≥34 weeks gestational age born at the private tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Dyads in which breastfeeding was initiated within 6 hours of life were assessed using both LATCH and UNICEF tools on days 1 and 2 of life in the case of normal vaginal delivery and on days 1, 2 and 3 in caesarean deliveries, and were further followed up on days 5 and 7.

Results

The median LATCH score and UNICEF score for breastfeeding showed an increase throughout the assessment period. A moderately positive correlation (Spearman’s rho = 0.732) was noticed between the two scores on day 1 of the assessment. On day 2 (Spearman’s rho = 0.81) and day 3 (Spearman’s rho = 0.735), a high positive correlation between the two tools was observed. However, day 4 revealed a low positive correlation (Spearman’s rho = 0.456). Meanwhile, the follow-up scores of both tools showed a high positive correlation (Spearman’s rho = 0.713).

Conclusion

The study evidenced a positive correlation between the LATCH and UNICEF scores; both scoring systems displayed a good percent agreement on all the five assessment days. The test–retest reliability was high between the tools on days 1 and 2.
The Role of Civil Society Organisations for Migrant Workers in Tiruppur and Bengaluru Garment Factories: Gram Vaani and Radio Active 90.4
Authors: Ramamurthy Nandini
Published: May 2024

This article traces contemporary debates on labour regulation related to state-led labour laws and voluntary compliance in a macro context of de-regulation, dilution of workers’ rights and deterioration of labour relations, which have resulted in a decline in migrant workers’ access to trade unions. It argues that non-compliance of state-led labour regulations and compliance of voluntary governance exacerbated the precarity and well-being of migrant workers. It then explores the role of two civil society organisations (CSOs) in southern India—Gram Vaani and Radio Active 90.4—that use technology in redressing migrant workers’ grievances. In the empirical context of the pandemic, when both state and state-led labour laws and voluntary compliance failed in protecting workers’ rights, the article finds that CSOs have emerged as significant actors in bridging the gap between trade unions and migrant workers. The paper critically examines the strengths and limitations of such collaboration and advocates union revitalisation and coalition strategies to strengthen the voice of migrant labour in a post-pandemic world of work and employment.
San Raymundo: Focus Group About Comadronas’ Response to Obstetrical Emergencies in Urban Guatemala
Authors: Garcia Kimberly
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Comadronas attend most births in rural and urban Guatemala where the maternal mortality rate (MMR) is highest in Latin America. Information has been published regarding rural comadronas’ response to obstetrical emergencies. Understanding urban comadronas’ response to obstetrical emergencies is essential to addressing Guatemala’s MMR.

Methods:

A total of 17 urban comadronas participated in one, 34-min focus group to share their knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding obstetrical emergencies. We used the long table to analyze the content to develop a matrix of themes.

Results:

Five themes emerged. Urban comadronas receive consistent training, have hospital transportation, and feel confident in their knowledge, but they lack equipment and feel hospital providers disrespect them. Still, the joy of attending births outweighs the challenges they face.

Discussion:

Urban comadronas described a different experience of responding to obstetrical emergencies than rural comadronas. Distinct approaches are needed to provide culturally congruent support for urban and rural comadronas when responding to obstetrical emergencies.
Prediction of Positive Patient Health Questionnaire-2 Screening Using Area Deprivation Index in Primary Care
Authors: Duarte Martha , Salamanca Mayra , Gonzalez Juan M. , Roman Laporte Roberto , Gattamorta Karina , Lopez Martinez Fernando Enrique , Clochesy John , Rincon Acuna Juan Carlos
Published: May 2024

Depression is recognized as a significant public health issue in the United States. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health reports that 21.0 million adults aged 18 or older had major depressive disorder in 2020, including 14.8 million experiencing a major depressive episode with severe impairment. The aim is to predict the positivity of Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) outcomes among patients in primary care settings by analyzing a range of variables, including socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, and health behaviors, thereby identifying those at increased risk for depression. Employing a machine learning approach, the study utilizes retrospective data from electronic health records across 15 primary care clinics in South Florida to explore the relationship between social determinants of health (SDoH), including area of deprivation index (ADI) and PHQ-2 positivity. The study encompasses 15 primary care clinics located in South Florida, where a diverse patient population receives care. Analysis included 94,572 patient visits; 74,636 records were included in the study. If a zip+4 was not available or an ADI score did not exist, the visit was not included in the final analysis. Screening involved the PHQ-2, assessing depressed mood and anhedonia, with a cutoff >2 indicating positive screening. ADI was used to assess SDoH by matching patients’ residential postal codes to ADI national percentiles. Demographics, sexual history, tobacco use, caffeine intake, and community involvement were also evaluated in the study. Over 40 machine learning algorithms were explored for their accuracy in predicting PHQ-2 outcomes, using software tools including Scikit-learn and stats models in Python. Variables were normalized, scored, and then subjected to predictive regression models, with Random Forest showing outstanding performance. Feature engineering and correlation analysis identified ADI, age, education, visit type, coffee intake, and marital status as significant predictors of PHQ-2 positivity. The area under the curve and model accuracies varied across clinics, with specific clinics showing higher predictive accuracy and others ( p > .05). The study concludes that the ADI, as a proxy for SDoH, alongside other individual factors, can predict PHQ-2 positivity. Health organizations can use this information to anticipate health needs and resource allocation.
Reflective Teaching as an Agent of Reform in Teacher Education: Inhibitors, Motivators, and Tools
Authors: Zarrabi Maryam , Mohammadi Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

This mixed-methods study examines the status of reflective practice among language teachers, identifies barriers to implementing reflective practice, and explores motivators that can address these issues. The study also investigates the discrepancies between teachers’ perceptions of reflection and their practice. To this aim, the perception of 190 English teachers’ reflective practice was examined via an inventory. An interview with 124 teachers also scrutinized the inhibitors, motivators, attitudes, and reflective tools teachers adopt. Nine highly reflective teachers’ classes were further observed to investigate their reflection in action. The results indicated that their reflection was above medium, the attitude toward reflective practice was positive, and only a little match was found in their perception and classroom practices. They listed inhibitors and motivators, and observation was their favorite reflection tool. The findings underscored the significance of reflective practice in providing reform in teacher education.
Four Generations of Evaluation and Home Schooling: A Position Paper
Authors: Guterman Oz , Neuman Ari , Gill Efrat
Published: May 2024

This position paper examines the relationship of four generations of evaluation, the CIPP evaluation model, and summative and formative evaluation, and uses these terms to describe the characteristics of homeschooling. The article proposes that according to the four generations of evaluation and the CIPP model (context, input, process, and product), homeschooling can be divided into four generations. Such a division can help in examining the degree of fit of educational objectives and teaching methods with the method for evaluating homeschooling, as well as comparing homeschooling and school education based on how they use evaluation.
Low-Dose Valganciclovir Prophylaxis Against Cytomegalovirus in Intermediate-Risk Liver and Dual-Abdominal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Li Yihan , Pluckrose Dawn M. , Patolia Roshani , Arnouk Serena , Dubrovskaya Yanina , Papadopoulos John , Jonchhe Srijana
Published: May 2024

Background:

Low-dose valganciclovir (VGC) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis post-transplant has been employed due to cost and safety. The incidence of CMV disease in CMV intermediate-risk liver recipients at 1-year after standard-dose prophylaxis is approximately 5%. However, there are limited data on outcomes after using a “true” low-dose VGC prophylaxis regimen in liver and dual-abdominal transplant recipients as VGC was not dose-adjusted in all patients with impaired renal function in prior studies.

Objective:

The objective was to assess the incidence of CMV associated with low-dose VGC prophylaxis in CMV intermediate-risk liver, simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK), and simultaneous liver-kidney (SLK) recipients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) >60 mL/min.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of CMV intermediate-risk liver, SPK, and SLK recipients with CrCl >60 mL/min transplanted January 2018 to June 2022 who received VGC 450 mg daily for prophylaxis. The primary outcome was incidence of CMV infection 6-months post-transplant.

Results:

Ninety-nine transplant recipients were included (79 liver, 11 SPK, 9 SLK). The primary outcome occurred in 13% of patients (liver 10%, SPK 36%, SLK 10%), including 1 case of CMV disease and 3 breakthrough infections. In addition, 6 patients experienced CMV infection between 6-months and 1-year. Recurrence occurred in 3 patients. There was no evidence of CMV resistance. Thirty patients experienced neutropenia within 1-year, 32 were prescribed granulocyte-colony stimulating factors, and 5 experienced thrombocytopenia. Two patients died due to graft-vs-host disease.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Low-dose VGC prophylaxis led to comparable CMV infection rates at 6-months in CMV intermediate-risk liver and SLK recipients. However, as SPK recipients displayed higher rates of CMV infection, low-dose VGC should be avoided in this population.
Disinformation and Regime Survival
Authors: Sato Yuko , Wiebrecht Felix
Published: May 2024

Disinformation has transformed into a global issue and while it is seen as a growing concern to democracy today, autocrats have long used it as a part of their propaganda repertoire. Yet, no study has tested the effect of disinformation on regime stability and breakdown beyond country-specific studies. Drawing on novel measures from the Digital Society Project (DSP) estimating the levels of disinformation disseminated by governments across 148 countries between 2000–2022 and from the Episodes of Regime Transformation (ERT) dataset, we provide the first global comparative study of disinformation and survival of democratic and authoritarian regimes, respectively. The results show that in authoritarian regimes, disinformation helps rulers to stay in power as regimes with higher levels of disinformation are less likely to experience democratization episodes. In democracies, on the other hand, disinformation increases the probability of autocratization onsets. As such, this study is the first to provide comparative evidence on the negative effects of disinformation on democracy as well as on the prospects of democratization.
The Influence of Patient Characteristics and Social Determinants of Health on Postoperative Complications Following Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Hendriks Joris R. H. , Baker Riley J. , de Groot Tom M. , Lans Amanda , Waryasz Gregory R. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Guss Daniel
Published: May 2024

Background:

The influence of social determinants of health (SDH) on postoperative complications has been investigated in several studies, although correlation with Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) repair remains uninvestigated. SDH encompasses several factors, including insurance status and area-based measurements, including the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), which ranks neighborhoods by social disadvantage. This study investigated the correlation between patient demographics, SDH, and complications following ATR repair.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 521 patients who presented with acute ATR and met the inclusion criteria, including age ≥18 years, a minimum of 30-day follow-up, and repair within 28 days of rupture. We reviewed patient demographics, time to surgery (TTS), and postoperative complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), rerupture, surgical site infection (SSI), wound dehiscence, and sural nerve injury. SDH variables included race, smoking status, insurance status, level of education, ADI, and SVI. Univariate regression tested the correlation between complications and SDH indicators. Significant variables ( P < .05) were included in a multivariate regression.

Results:

Sixty-eight complications occurred in 59 patients (11.3%). Multivariate regression showed that a higher ADI, that is, socially deprived individuals, was associated with lower rates of VTE (OR = 0.41, P = .04). Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with rerupture (OR = 8.73, P < .01). Male patients had lower rates of wound dehiscence (OR = 0.31, P = .03) and VTE (OR = 0.32, P = .02) compared with women. Longer TTS correlated with sural nerve injuries (OR = 2.23, P < .01) and shorter TTS with reruptures (OR = 0.02, P  = .02).

Conclusion:

Some measures of SDH were associated with postoperative complications. Gender also may have an effect, with male sex associated with lower rates of wound dehiscence and VTE. BMI was associated with higher rates of reruptures and overall general complications.
Caseworker Visitation After Reunification and Children’s Reentry Into Foster Care: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Ahn Haksoon , Shaw Terry , Kim Jinyung , Williams Kimberly , Moeller Elsa , Chung Yoonzie
Published: May 2024

To prevent children from reentering the welfare system, it is crucial to understand the role of caseworker visits after reunification on reentry and identify the factors related to reentry. Utilizing the administrative data of one Mid-Atlantic state, children who reunified with their families between July 2016 and June 2020 were selected as the study sample ( N = 3,510). Reentry rates were higher for children who did not have caseworker visits after reunification than for those who did. The survival analysis revealed that male children, living in metropolitan areas, having a prior history of removal, having a behavioral issue, and court-ordered return increased the risk of reentry, while Black children, older children, having a last placement as trial home visit, and caseworker visits after reunification decreased the risk of reentry. The study suggests formally outlining policies for post-reunification caseworker visits and increasing collaboration between the child welfare system and court system.
Red, Blue, and Going for Gold: Partisan Support for Olympic Host Bids
Authors: Register Samantha
Published: May 2024

Recent opposition to Olympic bids in American cities underscores some residents’ disapproval of their cities hosting mega-events. In this study, I test whether partisanship plays a role in residents’ support for a local Olympics bid using survey data from Houston, Texas in 2001 and Colorado statewide surveys from 2022 and 2023. I find that Republicans and conservatives were indeed less supportive of using public funds for the Houston 2012 bid. However, the Colorado 2022 survey indicates Republicans were more supportive of Denver entering a host bid. To test whether explicitly priming residents to consider public spending activates partisanship, respondents of the 2023 Colorado survey received one of two versions of the Olympics bid question, the second of which explicitly mentions spending public funds to win a bid. Results demonstrate that interacting partisanship with the public spending treatment indeed leads to less support for such projects, particularly among Republicans and independents.
A Network Approach to Understanding the Role of Executive Functioning and Alpha Oscillations in Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms of ADHD
Authors: Vera Juan Diego , Freichel René , Michelini Giorgia , Loo Sandra K. , Lenartowicz Agatha
Published: May 2024

Objective:

ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Impairments in executive functioning (EF) are central to models of ADHD, while alpha-band spectral power event-related decreases (ERD) have emerged as a putative electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of EF in ADHD. Little is known about the roles of EF and alpha ERD and their interactions with symptoms of ADHD.

Method:

We estimated network models of ADHD symptoms and integrated alpha ERD measures into the symptom network.

Results:

EF emerges as a bridge network node connecting alpha ERD and the hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention symptoms. We found that EF most closely relates to a subset of symptoms, namely the motoric symptoms, “seat” (difficulty staying seated), and “runs” (running or climbing excessively).

Conclusions:

EF functions as a bridge node connecting alpha ERD and the ADHD symptom network. Motoric-type symptoms and EF deficits may constitute important nodes in the interplay between behavior/symptoms, cognition, and neurophysiological markers of ADHD.
Delayed onset skin toxicity reaction after peripherally inserted central catheter rupture in lower extremities combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Tian Tian , Liu Yang , Tan Lin
Published: May 2024

Herein, we present a patient who was undergoing chemotherapy for bilateral breast cancer and experienced delayed-onset skin toxicity reactions after rupture of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in the lower extremities. The objective of this case report is to provide the necessary nursing assessment for the risk awareness of the PICC internal rupture and the occurrence of central venous catheter extravasation, as well as to strengthen the judgment of delayed skin toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Rupture of the PICC in the lower extremities was primarily attributed to the use of a silicone catheter and an excessive puncture angle. The nature of docetaxel and partial catheter rupture caused drug extravasation, leading to delayed skin toxicity. The use of a polyurethane catheter reduces the incidence of catheter rupture; hence, silicon catheters should be avoided. The central venous catheter is also at risk for the extravasation of chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, docetaxel-induced delayed skin toxicity, which has a high incidence, should be treated as expected. Nurses and clinicians should be aware of PICC internal rupture and central venous catheter extravasation to strengthen the judgment of delayed skin toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Trash Tiddas: Blak queers, terrible TV and the Blachelorette
Authors: Day (Murri) Madi , DeVries (Gamilaroi, Dharug) Tully , LF (Yuwi) Amy , Scobie (Goorie) Brooke
Published: May 2024

Trash Tiddas is a podcast about Blak—a reclaiming of Black from English as a colonising language, and used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people—Millennial life and culture produced by First Nations digital content platform Awesome Black. In this article, the hosts Tully DeVries, Amy LF and Brooke Scobie speak with Madi Day about the cultural significance of Brooke Blurton’s season as Australia’s first Blachelorette—Blak, queer Bachelorette. The authors discuss Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander presence and absence in Australian reality TV, and the rigid behavioural standards imposed on Blak participants on reality TV dating shows. In doing so, we identify a pattern of refusal of colonial norms in alternative Blak millennial content and how humour is used by Blak women and queer millennials in the face of White propriety and colonial impositions on Blak love and lives.
The influence of COVID-19 on Mexico’s local party system
Authors: Gómez Díaz Abelardo , Gómez Díaz Jana
Published: May 2024

This study tests if deaths caused by the COVID-19 epidemic influence levels of electoral coordination. Specifically, it tests if a higher number of epidemic deaths strengthens in-group cohesion such that it narrows the votes towards M + 1 parties; or if it weakens in-group cohesion such that it disperses the votes away from M + 1 parties. The results from a multilevel statistical analysis of close to two-thousand observations from Mexico’s 2021 general election suggest that voters struggle to coordinate around a few common options that they believe can best weather the crisis. Moreover, the results from a subsequent time-series cross-sectional analysis provide some support to the expectation that coordination decreased compared to the previous elections.
The impact of COVID-19 on tourism expenditures: A Quasi-DiD analysis
Authors: Guerra Alice , Pattitoni Pierpaolo , Vici Laura
Published: May 2024

We investigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourism expenditures by analyzing survey data collected from participants of one of the major amateur cycling races in Italy—the Nove Colli. We gathered information from different types of participants (tourists, residents, day-trippers) about their travel expenses, accommodation, food and beverage, and side goods such as sports equipment. The survey covers three race editions: pre-COVID-19 in 2016, post-lockdown in 2021, and post-COVID-19 in 2022, for a total of 2734 respondents. Using a quasi-difference-in-differences approach, we find a significant increase in total tourism expenditures due to COVID-19, primarily driven by a substantial increase in side goods expenses, which more than doubled the rise in food and beverage expenses. This result can be partly explained through revenge spending as a form of compensatory consumption behavior and inform policy-makers on how individuals’ spending patterns may change in the aftermath of an exogenous shock.
Implicit theories of health predict influenza vaccination intention among elder Chinese: The mediating role of anticipated regret
Authors: Kou Yun , Zhang Ning
Published: May 2024

Receiving influenza vaccines is the most effective public health strategy to protect people against seasonal flu infection. However, influenza vaccination rates are extremely low in China. This study investigated the association between implicit theories of health and influenza vaccination intention among elder Chinese when the vaccine is free (vs not free), and examined the mediating effect of anticipated regret. The results suggested that implicit theories of health, especially incremental theory of health, significantly predicted Chinese elders’ influenza vaccination intention and this relationship was mediated by anticipated regret. Implications of the current research for promoting influenza vaccination among elder Chinese and directions for future research are discussed.
The association between trait mindfulness and sleep problems: A three-level meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Li , Ran Guangming
Published: May 2024

Trait mindfulness has shown potential in relieving the symptoms related to sleep problems, but the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep problems varies across studies. To explore this association and obtain reliable estimates, a three-level meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. A comprehensive literature search identified 86 studies involving 87 independent samples and 35,521 participants. A total of 441 effect sizes were analyzed. The study indicated a negative association between trait mindfulness and sleep problems. Furthermore, the meta-analysis revealed significant moderating effects of study design, mindfulness facets, and measurement for trait mindfulness on this relationship. This study suggests that trait mindfulness is closely related to the alleviation of sleep problems. Furthermore, trait mindfulness is vital important in strengthening prevention and intervention measures targeting individuals’ sleep problems.
Discordance between self-report and performance-based outcomes: Contribution of psychosocial factors
Authors: Razmjou Helen , Robarts Susan , Denis Suzanne , Wainwright Amy , Dickson Patricia , Murnaghan John
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of psychosocial factors in the discordance between perceived and observed physical disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee joint. This was a cross-sectional study of patients seen for consideration of joint arthroplasty surgery. Patients completed a psychosocial outcome measure, a patient self-reported functional scale, and two performance-based tests. Data of 121 patients, mean age, 67 (8), 81 (67%) females were used for analysis. The fear avoidance and positive affect domains had the strongest association with the discordance between the self-report and both performance outcome measures. Age, gender, and severity of osteoarthritis were associated with discordance in relation to walking. Fear avoidance beliefs and positive affect play important roles in perception of pain and function. Age, gender, and severity of arthritis should be taken into consideration for a more holistic approach to arthritis care.
Review on probabilistic seismic demand modeling and estimation for highway bridge
Authors: Gesho Kirubel Tefera , Shao Changjiang
Published: May 2024

The probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) is essential to identify the seismic demand of the highway bridge during and after an earthquake. This paper aims to review the probabilistic seismic demand estimation and modeling methodology options associated with the procedure, analytical analysis, and mathematical framework for a highway bridge. As a result of the review, different techniques with features, applications, and limitations on highway bridges are reviewed and presented. A review has investigated the current PSDM and provides a comprehensive summary with formulas, tables, figures, and frameworks. PSDM steps are constructed and introduced to how scholars use them. Besides, analytical methods are the best choice for investigating the PSDA and PSDM for critical bridge components when damage data is insufficient. They are determined to predict each component’s seismic response for a given deterministic or random variable. This work helps and motivates the decision-makers and stakeholders to extend the application of the PSDM methodology option for a more informed decision.
The effects of augmented reality on prosocial behavior intentions in the disaster news context: The mediating role of physical presence and empathy
Authors: Huang Miaohong , Mikkilineni Sai Datta , Lee Jiyoung , Duboise Madison
Published: May 2024

Despite the increasing adoption of augmented reality (AR) in journalism, there is limited scholarly attention devoted to understanding its effects compared to traditional modalities. This study investigates user engagement with AR-enabled disaster news through a between-subjects experiment ( N = 89), comparing AR, image, or text-only modalities. The results demonstrate that psychological responses to the technological affordances of AR (perceived vividness, interactivity, and novelty) did not mediate the effect of AR on physical presence. In addition, the positive indirect effect of AR on empathy was shown via physical presence. Furthermore, AR positively influenced intentions for news sharing through an increase in physical presence and empathy sequentially. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on immersive media in the journalism context, shedding light on the often-overlooked impact of AR compared to other leaner modalities, such as image or text.
Thermal decomposition and isomerization of 1-Butyl and 1-Pentyl radical by flash pyrolysis vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Lemieux Jessy M. , Zhang Jingsong
Published: May 2024

Thermal decomposition and isomerization of 1-butyl and 1-pentyl radical were studied in the temperature range of 500–1480 K on a short time scale of 20–100 µs using flash pyrolysis vacuum ultraviolet single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 1-Bromobutane and 1-bromopentane were used as precursors for the 1-butyl and 1-pentyl radical, respectively. The reactive intermediates in the thermal dissociation reactions were directly observed. The 1-butyl radical decomposed to ethene and ethyl radical with ethyl radical rapidly losing an H atom to form a second ethene molecule. Loss of H atom from butyl radical was also a significant decomposition channel. Isomerization of 1-butyl via 1,3-H migration was observed as a minor channel at 1380 K and above with a branching ratio of less than 3% at 1430 K. The 1-pentyl radical was observed to decompose mainly by isomerization to 2-pentyl radical followed by β-scission to produce propene and ethyl radicals at temperatures approximately 900 K and below. Above 900 K, β-scission of 1-pentyl to produce ethene and 1-propyl radical became increasingly important. Isomerization to 3-pentyl was verified to be a minor channel.
Supersonic jet noise mitigation by angled tab perforation
Authors: Khandai Suresh C , Bogadi Surendra , Manikanta TVS
Published: May 2024

Supersonic jet noise, a significant concern in military and civilian aerospace due to its impact on aircraft operability, environmental compliance, and community noise standards, drives the need for studies on jet mixing to optimize processes and reduce noise emissions effectively. This study presents the design and development of a Mach 1.6 nozzle, designed to evaluate the jet decay, directional spread and noise attenuation character. Incorporated at the nozzle exit are two rectangular tabs, with perforation angles of zero and 30 degrees. These tabs, with a blockage ratio of 0.09, are strategically positioned to modify the exhaust flow pattern. Experimental analyses, inclusive of jet decay and acoustic assessments, were conducted at a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.25, corresponding to optimal expansion conditions. Observations were made on the centerline pressure decay along the jet axis and the lateral jet spreading for baseline and controlled jets. Utilizing the Schlieren optical method, the shockwave structures were visualized to understand the flow physics. The results indicated a substantial reduction in the length of the potential core, amounting to 65.13% and 80.76% for zero- and thirty-degrees perforation angles, respectively, compared to an unmodified baseline jet. Moreover, as compared to the baseline jet the 30 degrees perforation configuration demonstrated a significant 9 dB reduction in jet noise.