bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Multikultural Perspektif Al-Qur’an Surah Al-Hujurat Ayat 9-13
Authors: Aldi Huseini Milyanto  , Burhanuddin Ridlwan
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami esensi nilai-nilai pendidikan multikultural dari perspektif Al-Qur'an, khususnya Surah Al-Hujurat ayat 9-13, kemudian merangkum esensi nilai-nilai dalam Al-Qur'an untuk menggali makna mendalam tentang keragaman, toleransi, dan kerjasama antarindividu dan kelompok dalam masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah maudlu’i dengan pendekatan kualitatif, memungkinkan analisis mendalam terhadap konteks dan implikasi nilai-nilai pendidikan multikultural dalam Al-Qur'an. Surah Al-Hujurat ayat 9-13 dipilih karena memberikan landasan kuat bagi prinsip inklusivitas, penghormatan terhadap perbedaan, dan pentingnya kerjasama dalam masyarakat harmonis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Al-Qur'an menawarkan pandangan inklusif tentang keberagaman manusia dan nilai-nilai yang harus ditanamkan dalam pendidikan. Penelitian ini juga memberikan wawasan tentang aplikasi nilai-nilai pendidikan multikultural dalam konteks pendidikan Islam, termasuk pengembangan kurikulum inklusif, metode pembelajaran berbasis keberagaman, serta pembentukan sikap dan keterampilan interkultural peserta didik agar menjadi agen perubahan positif. Selain itu penelitian menetapkan dua fokus penelitian, meliputi bagaimana konsep Al-Qur’an surah Al-Hujurat ayat 9-13? dan Apa saja nilai-nilai pendidikan multikultural yang terkandung dalam Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Hujurat ayat 9-13?. Penelitian ini berkontribusi signifikan pada pemahaman pentingnya nilai-nilai pendidikan multikultural dalam Islam dan memberikan panduan praktis bagi pendidikan yang berorientasi pada inklusivitas dan kedamaian sesuai ajaran Al-Qur'an.
Binormal Curves
Authors: Sağıroğlu Yasemin , Köse Gönül
Published: November 2024

We give the definition of binormal curves. The curvature, the torsion and Frenet frame of this curve are calculated. Also, the examples of binormal curves are given.
Study of Financial Digitalization for the Sharia Economy
Authors: Saputra Indra , Sugiarti Dian
Published: November 2024

This research discusses the urgency or importance and potential that can be explored from the study of financial digitalization for the sharia economy. Digitalization of sharia economic finance is very important in the digital economic era as an effort to increase public awareness and participation in the sharia financial system, as well as increasing sharia economic growth in Indonesia, where information and communication technology has become the main means of developing the sharia economy. The urgency of studying financial digitalization for the sharia economy lies in the ability of digital technology to increase access to sharia finance and increase public awareness about the importance of the sharia financial system. This research also shows that digitizing Islamic economic finance can help increase financial inclusion, as well as increase people's ability to manage their finances effectively. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, where this research method is supported by secondary data sourced from scientific writings both from journals, digital literature, books and articles published by mass media related to the research topic discussed so that it can then explain what the answer is to the problem formulation in this research. This research shows that the study of financial digitalization for the sharia economy is very important to increase public awareness and participation in the sharia financial system, as well as increasing sharia economic growth in Indonesia
Accountability Document as a Symbol of The Effectiveness of Local Government Financial Management
Authors: Ruwito Elsa Nadiananda , Praningtyas Elisabeth Ria Viana
Published: November 2024

Preparing the Accountability Document (AD) is a process carried out by local governments to ensure transparency and accountability in financial management. The AD is used as a means to monitor and account for regional financial management that has been obtained every period. This document is made routinely every period and contains information files about the use of funds in an activity, as well as the results of budget absorption achieved in a period. This study aims to analyze how preparing AD exhibits the effectiveness of local government financial management. This research uses qualitative methodology with interview techniques. Data analysis techniques use qualitative analysis consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study concluded that AD plays an important role in ensuring that financial management is carried out transparently and accountably. This document allows local governments to monitor and supervise the use of funds received by each regional apparatus agency, as well as ensure that these funds are in accordance with government objectives and interests.
The Influence of Leadership Behavior Assessments and Servant-Oriented Leadership on Employee Engagement
Authors: Cheng Siyu , Traiwannakij Surachai
Published: November 2024

Employee engagement is vital for organizational success, driving productivity, innovation, and resilience. Despite efforts to enhance engagement, challenges persist, particularly in adapting to remote and diverse workforces. This research evaluates the influence of leadership behavior assessments and servant-oriented leadership on employee engagement within Chinese organizations. The study also uses a quantitative research design based on questionnaires to explore how demographic factors impact engagement levels. Findings reveal that differences in occupation and Types of Job generate differences in Employee Engagement, emphasizing the need for tailored engagement strategies. Additionally, Leadership Behavior Assessments and Servant-oriented Leadership demonstrate significant positive impacts on Employee Engagement, underscoring the critical role of effective leadership in driving engagement and enhancing organizational performance. Integrating servant leadership principles into leadership development programs can foster a collaborative and productive work environment, ultimately contributing to organizational success.
The Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Marketing
Authors: Rif’an Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Indonesia has witnessed significant growth in internet penetration, with over 212 million users connected online. This digital boom has been driven by e-commerce, which accounted for 52% of the country's gross merchandise value in 2024, reaching a staggering 1,155 trillion rupiah. To sustain this momentum, e commerce players are adopting digital marketing strategies. The integration of artificial intelligence and big data is being explored to enhance consumer services. This study examines the strategies for integrating artificial intelligence in digital marketing. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on literature review, our research identifies three key strategies that manufacturers can employ to improve marketing services and provide a seamless shopping experience: (1) leveraging AI-based social media analysis tools; (2) optimizing Search Engine Optimization; and (3) utilizing AI-powered chatbots.
Tax System Optimization: A Comparative Analysis Between Personal Income Tax and Corporate Income Tax in Indonesia
Authors: Afifah Novita Putri , Kurniawan Siswandaru
Published: November 2024

This study adopts a qualitative approach to analyze the comparison between Personal Income Tax (PPh) and Corporate Income Tax (PPh Corporate) in Indonesia. Through literature studies and observations, this study explores the tariff structure, tax relief, and tax compliance level of the two tax systems. The economic implications of the implementation of Income Tax and Corporate Income Tax on economic growth, investment, and income distribution were also discussed. The findings show that tax reform, as stated in the Law on Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP), has a significant impact in improving the effectiveness and fairness of the tax system. The results of this study provide in-depth insights into the importance of appropriate tax policies to support inclusive and sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.
Analyzing the Financial Report Preparation Standards of SAK EMKM on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (Case Study on Bengkel Mas Yok Blora)
Authors: Wijayanti Eka Agus , Prasetiyo Yudhi
Published: November 2024

Accounting plays a crucial role in business, serving as the process of recording and reporting financial transactions, resulting in financial statements that help business owners understand profits, losses, assets, liabilities, and cash flows. This study aims to examine the application of SAK EMKM standards in financial reporting for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), with a focus on Bengkel Mas Yok in Blora. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with the business owner to gain insights into the application of SAK EMKM standards and the challenges faced. The findings indicate that the financial reports of Bengkel Mas Yok generally follow a standard format, but there is limited understanding of specific SAK EMKM requirements. As a result, the business primarily relies on external accountants or consultants for compliance. The financial reports prepared by Bengkel Mas Yok, including income statements, equity changes, and balance sheets, were evaluated for their alignment with SAK EMKM standards. The study concluded that the reports are reliable, informative, and consistent, meeting most of the SAK EMKM indicators. The application of these financial reports helps the business owner make more informed decisions, such as managing private withdrawals, identifying urgent equipment needs, and improving savings discipline. Moreover, the credibility of the financial reports enhances the business’s ability to secure loans. These findings align with previous research, demonstrating that SAK EMKM implementation supports better financial management and decision-making for MSMEs. The study highlights the importance of continuous financial literacy programs for MSME owners to improve financial reporting practices.
Financial Performance Analysis of East Lombok District Government in Fiscal Year 2020-2022
Authors: Fitri Felly Feliza , Agustina Putu Ayu Anggya
Published: November 2024

East Lombok Regency is one of the regencies affected by the establishment of various policies from the central government, one of which is the restriction on the use of transfer funds which were previously the main source of funds for various local governments. This requires the East Lombok Regency Government to make optimal efforts to achieve independence to finance government and development activities. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the East Lombok Regency Government as seen from the degree of independence, dependence, fiscal decentralization, and effectiveness of Regional Original Income. The data used is the realization of the East Lombok Regency Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget for the 2020-2022 fiscal year. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach through calculations of several financial ratios, namely independence, dependence, fiscal decentralization, and effectiveness. The results show that the independence of the East Lombok Regency Government is still in the extremely low category which is supported by extremely high dependence on the central government and provincial government, as well as fiscal decentralization which is still in the less-than-ideal criteria. This is also indicated by the Regional Original Income as the main factor in supporting its independence, which has not been optimally realized.
Financial Performance Analysis of PT. Sewindo Consultans for the Years 2021-2022
Authors: Nurkholis Nurkholis , Daurrohmah Eka Wirajuang
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze the financial performance of PT. Sewindo Consultans for the years 2021-2022. The research method used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data used in the research are the financial data from the income statement and balance sheet. Secondary data was used in this research. Financial ratio analysis was used as the method of data analysis. The research findings indicate that: Liquidity ratios, which measure the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations through the current ratio and quick ratio, are in a "poor" condition. Solvency ratios, which measure the extent to which the company's assets are financed by debt through the debt to assets ratio and debt to equity ratio, are in a "poor" condition. Activity ratios, which measure how effectively the company utilizes its assets through the fixed assets turnover ratio, are in a "poor" condition, while the total assets turnover ratio is in a "good" condition. Profitability ratios, which measure the company's ability to generate profit through the return on investment and return on equity indicators, are in a "poor" condition. In general, the results of the liquidity, solvency, activity, and profitability ratio analysis of PT. Sewindo Consultans' financial performance for 2021-2022, as seen from various indicators used, show that almost all of them are below industry standards, indicating that the company is in a "poor" condition.
Effectiveness of Internal Control of Financial Reporting (PIPK) on Inventory Management at BPS Pasuruan Regency
Authors: Sofa Mega Ainu , Paramitha Diky
Published: November 2024

Inventory is one of the important and liquid assets in an organization, including at BPS Pasuruan Regency. Effectively managed inventory can maintain smooth operations, minimize the risk of deviations, and help the organization achieve its goals. The flow of inventory management includes the process of receiving, storing, issuing, and controlling. Internal financial reporting control (PIPK) is the key to ensuring that inventory management has been running effectively and accountably. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of PIPK on inventory management at BPS Pasuruan Regency. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through interviews with inventory managers, direct observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that PIPK at BPS Pasuruan Regency has been implemented quite well. The implementation of PIPK has had a positive impact on inventory management at BPS Pasuruan Regency, such as increasing accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness in inventory management.
The Effect of Turnover and E-SPTPD Services on Restaurant Taxpayer Compliance with Taxpayer Awareness as a Moderating Variable (Case Study on Restaurant Taxpayers in Sidoarjo Regency)
Authors: Yusuf Rizky Harvian , Widiastuti Yeni
Published: November 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred over the past four years has had an impact on several aspects, one of which is tax revenue. More specifically, restaurant tax revenue in Sidoarjo Regency also decreased during the period 2020 to 2022. This study examines the influence of turnover, and e-SPTPD services, on the level of taxpayer compliance with tax awareness as a moderation variable. The data used in this study is primary data through the purposive sampling method on certain criteria. The research population is restaurant taxpayers in Sidoarjo Regency. Data collection uses a questionnaire that is distributed door-to-door to the respondents. Based on the results of the path coefficient test, the results of the hypothesis test, namely turnover, and e-SPTPD services have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, tax awareness cannot strengthen the influence of turnover, as well as e-SPTPD services on taxpayer compliance. This research can be an evaluation of government policies on tax compliance which has implications for optimizing tax revenue, especially in restaurant businesses in Sidoarjo Regency. Namely by considering turnover, and e-SPTPD services.
Research progress on S-palmitoylation modification mediated by the ZDHHC family in glioblastoma
Authors: Tang Beiyan , Kang Wei , Dong Qiang , Qin Zhenwei , Duan Lei , Zhao Xianjun , Yuan Guoqiang , Pan Yawen
Published: November 2024

S-Palmitoylation has been widely noticed and studied in a variety of diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that S-palmitoylation modification also plays a key role in Glioblastoma (GBM). The zDHHC family, as an important member of S-palmitoyltransferases, has received extensive attention for its function and mechanism in GBM which is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the brain and has an adverse prognosis. This review focuses on the zDHHC family, essential S-palmitoyltransferases, and their involvement in GBM. By summarizing recent studies on zDHHC molecules in GBM, we highlight their significance in regulating critical processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Specifically, members of zDHHC3, zDHHC4, zDHHC5 and others affect key processes such as signal transduction and phenotypic transformation in GBM cells through different pathways, which in turn influence tumorigenesis and progression. This review systematically outlines the mechanism of zDHHC family-mediated S-palmitoylation modification in GBM, emphasizes its importance in the development of this disease, and provides potential targets and strategies for the treatment of GBM. It also offers theoretical foundations and insights for future research and clinical applications.
Lung tumor segmentation: a review of the state of the art
Authors: Hiraman Anura , Viriri Serestina , Gwetu Mandlenkosi
Published: November 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It is a type of cancer that commonly remains undetected due to unpresented symptoms until it has progressed to later stages which motivates the requirement for accurate methods of early detection of lung nodules. Computer-aided diagnosis systems have adapted to aid in detecting and segmenting lung cancer, which can increase a patient's chance of survival. Automatic lung cancer detection and segmentation is a challenging task in aspects of segmentation accuracy. This study provides a comprehensive review of current methods and popular techniques which will aid in further research in lung tumor detection and segmentation. This study presents methods and techniques implemented to solve the challenges associated with lung cancer detection and segmentation and compares the approaches with each other. The methods used to evaluate these techniques and the accuracy rates are also discussed and compared to give insight for future research. Although several combination methods have been proposed over the past decade, an effective and efficient model still needs to be improvised for routine use.
Making a human's trust repair for an agent in a series of tasks through the agent's empathic behavior
Authors: Tsumura Takahiro , Yamada Seiji
Published: November 2024

As AI technology develops, trust in agents (including robot, AI and anthropomorphic agent) is becoming more important for more AI applications in human society. Possible ways to improve the trust relationship include empathy, success-failure series, and capability (performance). Appropriate trust is less likely to cause deviations between actual and ideal performance. In this study, we focus on the agent's empathic behavior and success-failure series to increase trust in agents. We experimentally examine the effect of empathic behavior from agent to person on changes in trust over time. The experiment was conducted with a two-factor mixed design: empathic behavior (available, not available) and success-failure series (phase 1 to phase 5). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using data from 200 participants. The results showed an interaction between the empathic behavior factor and the success-failure series factor, with trust in the agent repairing when empathic behavior was present. This result supports our hypothesis. This study shows that designing agents to be empathic behavior is an important factor for trust and helps humans build appropriate trust relationships with agents.
Optimization of the rural domestic waste recycling network based on the path planning site selection model
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Yufei , Lei Xiaoyu , Wang Xi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In the context of rural revitalization strategies, effectively managing rural waste is a critical task for achieving ecological environmental sustainability. The current state of garbage collection and transportation is examined in this paper, focusing on the rural waste management practices in Dongfeng County, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province, through mathematical modeling.

Methods

By analyzing the rural domestic waste collection network, the volume of waste generated at various points is fuzzified using the fuzzy mathematical theory.

Results

The results of path optimization for waste collection and transportation were derived from a case study, demonstrating the feasibility and practicality of the rural domestic waste recycling network model.

Dicussion

Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of changes on the total cost. Potential solutions for rural waste recycling and treatment are offered in this paper, providing valuable insights for the development of a rural domestic waste recycling network in Jilin Province.
Genome-wide association study reveals novel QTLs and candidate genes for panicle number in rice
Authors: Guo Jiangfan , Wang Wenbin , Li Wei
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Panicle number (PN) is one of the three key yield components in rice, maintaining stable tiller and PN is a crucial characteristic of an ideal plant architecture. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PN is essential for breeders aiming to improve rice yield.

Methods

To dissect the genetic architecture of panicle number, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 411 japonica rice varieties. GWAS analysis was carried out with the mixed linear model using 743,678 high-quality SNPs.

Results

Over two experimental years, we detected a total of seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs), located on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 12; notably, qPN1.1 and qPN8 were detected consistently in both years. By combining haplotype and expression analyses, OsCKX11 was identified as the candidate gene for qPN8, while LOC_Os01g07870 and LOC_Os01g07950 were identified as candidate genes for qPN1.1. Significant differences were observed among the haplotypes of these candidate genes. Additionally, qRT-PCR results showed that LOC_Os01g07870 expression levels were significantly lower in accessions with high panicle numbers compared to those with low panicle numbers.

Discussion

To understand the natural biological function of these candidate genes, further research involving overexpression or silencing in rice is needed. Despite these challenges, our results will lay the foundation for further study of panicle development and provide valuable genetic resources for developing high-panicle-number rice cultivars using genetic engineering and molecular breeding.
Simulating potential impacts of bottom trawling on the biological carbon pump: a case study in the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Siddiqui Claire , Rixen Tim , Lahajnar Niko , Lamont Tarron , van der Plas Anja K.
Published: November 2024

Bottom-trawl fishery is known to cause major disturbances to marine sediments as the dragging of trawl gears across the seabed fosters sediment resuspension, which can lead to organic particle remineralization and release of benthic CO2 and nutrients into bottom waters. However, its effects on carbon cycling and biological productivity, especially in highly productive regions like the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), are less well studied. Here, we simulated carbon (C) and nutrient pathways from the trawled coastal seabed to overlying water masses that are being upwelled into the sunlit surface within the BUS, using shipboard data on sea surface and water column characteristics and published benthic CO2 emission estimates from bottom-trawled sediments. The latter reports 4.35 and 0.64 Tg C year-1 to be released from the seabed into upwelling source waters after bottom trawling in the northern (NBUS) and southern (SBUS) subsystems, respectively. Based on these values, we estimated a corresponding nitrate (N) input of 1.39 and 0.47 µmol kg-1 year-1, enhancing source water nitrate concentrations by ~5% and ~2%. Trawl-induced nitrate input into the sunlit surface could support a new production of 3.14 and 0.47 Tg C year-1 in the NBUS and SBUS, respectively, recapturing only 2/3 of CO2 released after bottom trawling into biomass, mainly due to differences in stoichiometric C:N ratios between the sediment (~9) and surface biomass (Redfield, 6.6). The remaining benthic CO2 can thereby lead to an increase in surface CO2 concentration and its partial pressure (pCO2), impeding CO2 uptake of the biological carbon pump in the BUS by 1.3 Tg C year-1, of which 1 Tg C year-1 is emitted to the atmosphere across the northern subsystem. Our results demonstrate the extent to which bottom trawling may affect the CO2 storage potential of coastal sediments on a basin-wide level, highlighting the need to better resolve small-scale sediment characteristics and C:N ratios to refine trawl-induced benthic carbon and nutrient effluxes within the BUS.
Solar light driven photochromic membranes with viologen additives in PVDF/PVP matrix
Authors: Tohtayeva Jahan , Altınışık Sinem , Akgün Mert , Uğur Nigiz Filiz , Koyuncu Sermet
Published: November 2024

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of photochromic Polyvinylidenefluoride/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVDF/PVP)-based membranes, prepared through an in situ thiol-ene click reaction by incorporating viologen derivatives with different counter ions. Viologens are well-known for their light-sensitive properties and ability to change color, making them useful in various optoelectronic applications. The membranes developed in this study exhibit significant improvements in their interactions with light as a result of improved morphology and enhanced ionic conductivity (≈4 × 10−4 S cm–1) with higher porosity (Ra: 11.26–33.76 nm) compared to conventionally prepared membranes. These membranes show the ability to block almost all ultraviolet (UV) and a 90% of visible light after irradiation. Thanks to these properties, the membranes undergo visible color changes when exposed to sunlight, making them suitable for photochromic and thermochromic applications. The findings of this study could contribute to the development of innovative coating materials that enhance energy efficiency, potentially being applied to buildings, automotive windows, and other surfaces.
Health-related quality of life and complications of corticosteroid treatment in patients with immune thrombocytopenia in two teaching hospitals in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Beyene Dessale Abate , Sisay Eskinder Ayalew , Fentie Atalay Mulu , Gebremedhin Amha
Published: November 2024

Background

The treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a major clinical challenge and has a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and prolonged use of corticosteroids may have a negative impact on HRQoL.

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of ITP on HRQoL and complications of corticosteroid treatment in patients with ITP in two teaching hospitals in Ethiopia.

Methods

The institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15, 2022, to March 15, 2023, to recruit 214 study participants during the study period (4 months). The ITP Life Quality Index (ILQI) in the Amharic version was used to assess the impact of ITP. Linear regression analysis models were also used, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was generally considered statistically significant.

Results

Regarding treatment, the majority 172 (80.4%) of study participants were taking prednisolone only, and 143 (66.8%) of study participants had at least one side effect of corticosteroids during the entire treatment period. Predictive factors for a higher impact of ITP on HRQoL; all correlated variables explained 36.5% (adjusted R-squared = 0.365, p < 0.0001) of the variance and had a moderate impact on HRQoL. Furthermore, predictive factors for an increasingly higher impact of ITP on HRQoL were the development of emotionally related corticosteroid side effects (β = 0.392, 95% CI: 5.160–9.961, p < 0.001), the presence of fatigue during the assessment (β = 0.326, 95% CI: 4.394–9.475, p < 0.001), patients not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis treatment (β = 0.236, 95% CI: 2.236–6.570, p < 0.001), living far from the hematology clinic (outside Addis Ababa) (β = 0166, 95% CI: 1.107–5.114 p = 0.003), having epistaxis and/or wet purpura (mucosal bleeding) (β = 0.191, 95% CI: 0.091–4.259, p = 0.001), and skin symptoms (petechiae and ecchymosis) (β = 0.041, 95% CI: 0.091–4.259 p = 0.041) during diagnosis.

Conclusion

The impact of ITP on their energy levels and work life was high compared to the impact of ITP on daily life. The side effects of corticosteroids also affect the HRQoL of ITP patients.
Measles surveillance data analysis and serological survey in Quzhou, China, 2014–2024: an assessment of progress toward measles elimination
Authors: Gong Xiaoying , Zheng Wangfeng , Lai Shiming , Yin Zhiying
Published: November 2024

Background

Measles is a disease that can be eliminated through vaccination. In recent years, measles incidence and mortality have been greatly reduced.

Methods

Analyze measles surveillance data from 2014 to 2023 and measles seroepidemiological characteristics of healthy populations in 2024 to assess progress toward measles elimination.

Results

A total of 35 measles cases were reported in the surveillance system from 2014–2023 in Quzhou, with an average annual incidence of 1.6/1 million. Since 2019, the incidence of measles has been lower than 0.5/1 million. A serological survey of 257 healthy people showed that the positive rate of measles IgG antibody was 90.3%, and the immunity of all age groups except 0–5 years old was lower than 95%, which did not reach the threshold of 95% herd immunity required for eliminating measles.

Conclusion

Although the incidence of measles in Quzhou is low, the immunity of healthy people to measles infection is insufficient. Measles is still in the control phase, not in the elimination phase. Inadequate immunity in the population may be due to the failure to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage and low immunogenicity of the vaccine. Recommends that the quality of routine immunization data be assessed and monitored to verify reported vaccination coverage; at the same time, improve vaccination services and optimize vaccination policies to increase actual vaccination coverage. In addition, it is recommended to adjust the MMR immunization strategy, changing the time of the first MMR vaccination from 8 months of age to 12–15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 to 6 years of age.
Prediction of the impact of tobacco waste hydrothermal products on compost microbial growth using hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning
Authors: Liu Dandan , Ma Xinxin , Ye Changwen , Jin Yiying , Huang Kuo , Niu Chenqi , Zhang Ge , Li Dong , Ma Linzhi , Li Suxiao , Yang Guotao
Published: November 2024

The insufficient understanding of the impact of hydrothermal products on the growth characteristics of compost microorganisms presents a significant challenge to the broader implementation of hydrothermal coupled composting for tobacco waste. Traditional biochemical detection methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming, highlighting the need for faster and more accurate alternatives. This study investigated the effects of hydrothermal treatment on tobacco straw products and their influence on compost microorganism growth, using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and machine learning algorithms. Sixty-one tobacco straw samples were analyzed with a hyperspectral camera, and image processing was used to extract average spectra from regions of interest (ROI). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to assess four key variables: nicotine content, total humic acid content, Penicillium chrysogenum H/C ratio, and Bacillus subtilis OD600 ratio. The effects of hydrothermal treatment on compost were classified as promoting, inhibiting, or neutral regarding microbial growth. The Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) method identified the most influential wavelengths in the 900-1700 nm spectral range. The Random Forest (RF) model outperformed SVM, KNN, and XGBoost models in predicting microbial growth responses, achieving Rc = 0.957, RMSE = 3.584. Key wavelengths were identified at 1096 nm, 1101 nm, 1163 nm, 1335 nm, and 1421 nm. The results indicate that hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning can accurately predict changes in the chemical composition of tobacco straws and their effects on microbial activity. This method provides an innovative and effective means of improving the resource usage of tobacco straws in composting, enhancing sustainable waste management procedures.
Catalase-peroxidase StKatG2 from Salinicola tamaricis: a versatile Mn(II) oxidase that decolorizes malachite green
Authors: Ding Mengyao , Wang Wenjing , Lu Zhenkun , Sun Yuhui , Qiao Xinzhen , Dai Meixue , Zhao Guoyan
Published: November 2024

Manganese (Mn) oxidation processes have garnered significant attention recently due to their potential for degrading organic pollutants. These processes are primarily catalyzed by Mn(II) oxidases. Salinicola tamaricis F01, an endophytic bacterium derived from wetland plants, has demonstrated Mn(II)-oxidizing capacity. In this study, a catalase-peroxidase, StKatG2, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli from the strain F01. The purified recombinant StKatG2 exhibited Mn(II)-oxidizing activity with Km and Kcat values of 2.529 mmol/L and 2.82 min−1, respectively. Optimal catalytic conditions for StKatG2 were observed at pH 7.5 and 55°C, with 45.1% activity retention after an 8-h exposure to 80°C. The biogenic manganese oxides produced by StKatG2 exhibited mixed-valence states with Mn(II), including Mn(III), Mn(IV), and Mn(VII). Furthermore, StKatG2 demonstrated superior decolorization efficiency for malachite green (MG), achieving decolorization rates of 73.38% for 20 mg/L MG and 60.08% for 50 mg/L MG, while degrading MG into 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone. Therefore, the catalase-peroxidase StKatG2 exhibits multifunctionality in Mn(II)-oxidizing activity and has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly enzyme for MG removal.
Alginate-like exopolysaccharides extracted from different waste sludges exhibit varying physicochemical and material properties
Authors: Rehman Zahid Ur , Ghaani Masoud , Mohamed Ahmed Y. A. , Gallagher John , Saikaly Pascal E. , Ali Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study examined the influence of different wastewater treatment processes on the physicochemical properties of Alginate-Like Exopolymers (ALE) extracted from waste sludge. Sludge samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) processing both combined industrial and domestic wastewater, as well as domestic wastewater alone. Among the processes studied, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) produced the highest ALE yield (352 ± 50 mg/g-VSsludge), significantly exceeding that from membrane bioreactor (170 ± 41 mg/g-VSsludge) and conventional activated sludge (<130 mg/g-VSsludge). AGS-derived ALE also had the highest uronic acid content (224 ± 14.5 mg/g-VSsludge), with mannuronic acids playing a critical role in enhancing hydrogel cohesion and stability. The results showed that the distinct microbial consortium in the AGS system, including the presence of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, was strongly associated with increased ALE production. This establishes a novel link between microbial community composition and ALE yield. These insights are crucial for optimizing resource recovery in AGS systems and underscore the potential of ALE for various industrial applications.
A fully automated social interaction chamber for studying social threat learning in mice
Authors: McTaggart Ellora M. , Miller Noah W. , Ortiz-Juza Maria M. , Pégard Nicolas C. , Rodriguez-Romaguera Jose
Published: November 2024

Social interactions are fundamental for our survival as a predominately social species. We need and seek positive social interactions to navigate the world. However, when social interactions are negative, and occur in the presence of an aversive event, learning occurs to associate such social interactions as threatening. Gaining insight into the neural circuits that drive social threat learning is crucial for understanding social interactions. Animal models can be leveraged to employ technologies that allow us to track neuronal processes with very high resolution to obtain a better understanding of the neural circuits involved. To accomplish this, we need robust behavioral models that are replicable and high throughput. Here, we present an open-source social interaction chamber that detects social interaction and automatically pairs it with foot shock. The social interaction chamber is designed to easily integrate into modular chambers commonly used for auditory and context threat learning. It contains an array of optical gates that precisely track mouse-to-mouse interactions in real time with digital triggers that can communicate with external devices to deliver a foot shock. We find that pairing social interactions with electric foot shock using our fully automated social interaction chamber is optimal for social threat associations. We further demonstrate that timing of social contact with foot shock produces optimal learning.
Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation modulates blood glucose in ZDF rats via intestinal melatonin receptors and melatonin secretion
Authors: Zhang Yuzhengheng , Zou Ningyi , Xin Chen , Wang Yifei , Zhang Zixuan , Rong Peijing , Li Shaoyuan
Published: November 2024

Background

Melatonin (MLT) and its receptor deficiency have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive alternative intervention for patients suffering from hyperglycemia. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of taVNS on blood glucose modulation via intestinal melatonin receptors (MRs) and MLT secretion in hyperglycemia.

Methods

Adult male Zucker diabetes fatty (ZDF) rats and Zucker lean (ZL) littermates were used. Forty ZDF rats were randomized into ZDF, taVNS, Px + taVNS and Lu + Px + taVNS groups (Px: pinealectomy, Lu: Luzindole). ZL rats served as a control group for comparison with ZDF rats without involvement in the taVNS intervention. Thirty min-taVNS interventions (2/15 Hz, 2 mA, 30 min/days) were administered once daily under anesthesia for 3 consecutive weeks in taVNS, Px + taVNS and Lu + Px + taVNS groups. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured weekly in all rats, and real-time blood glucose was tested in the ZL and ZDF groups before, during and after the taVNS intervention. Plasma MLT concentration and the expression of MRs in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were measured by the end of experiments.

Results

Compared with the ZL group, the level of FBG and body weight increased (all p < 0.01), plasma MLT secretion and the expression of MRs in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of ZDF rats decreased obviously (all p < 0.05), respectively. TaVNS can significantly reverse the hyperglycemia by regulating the non-pineal-derived MLT and MRs system in Px + taVNS group. Compared with the ZDF group, the expression of different intestinal MRs in the taVNS group was increased and more compactly arranged (both p < 0.05), the level of plasma MLT secretion was up-regulated (p < 0.01), and FBG and body weight were decreased (both p < 0.01). Meanwhile, after taVNS intervention in rats in the Px + taVNS group, we observed an increase in MLT secretion and the number of intestinal MRs compared with the taVNS group (all p > 0.05). In contrast, ZDF rats in which the pineal gland was excised by taVNS intervention and injected with the MRs antagonist Luzindole did not show these changes.

Conclusion

The glucose reduction effect of taVNS may be related to regulating MLT levels and expressing intestinal MRs.
Recovery time and its predictors of severe acute malnutrition among under five children admitted at the therapeutic feeding center of Hiwot Fana comprehensive specialized hospital, eastern Ethiopia, 2024: a semi-parametric model
Authors: Meseret Fentahun , Keneni Mulualem , Alemu Ayichew , Tizazu Diribsa , Alemayehu Tesfaye Asfaw , Mossie Yalew , Teshager Tilahun , Wondimneh Fenta
Published: November 2024

Background

Early recovery is a performance indicator of quality care for children under five admitted due to severe acute malnutrition (SAM) at therapeutic feeding centers. Despite the available interventions to tackle such nutritional problems, there is limited information on the time to recovery and its predictors among children with severe acute malnutrition in Ethiopia, more particularly in the study setting.

Objective

The study aimed to assess the time to recovery from severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children aged 6–59 months admitted to the therapeutic feeding center (TFC) of Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HFCSH), eastern Ethiopia, from 1st September 2019 to 1st March 012024.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the therapeutic feeding center of HFCSH among a randomly selected sample of 349 patients with severe acute malnutrition who were undergoing therapeutic feeding. Data were collected using a data abstraction tool and then stored in Epi-data version 4.6 and STATA version 17.0 statistical software. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier (KM) plots, median survival times, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to report the findings of this study. After performing the Cox proportional hazards regression, the model goodness of fit and assumptions were checked. Finally, the association between independent variables and the time to recovery in days was assessed using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, and the variables with a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The median survival time to recovery among the patients with severe acute malnutrition was 17 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 16–18]. The incidence density recovery rate was 5.7 (95%CI, 4.9–6.6) per 100 person-days of observation. Factors that affected the time to recovery included residing in rural areas [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.072; 95%CI = 1.336–3.215], being vaccinated according to age (AHR = 1.848; 95%CI = 1.162–2.939), and lack of analgesic administration (AHR = 0.685; 95%CI = 0.472–0.995).

Conclusion

The median survival time to recovery in this study was found to be optimal. Residency, vaccination status of the child, and analgesic administration were the determinant factors. Paying attention to vaccination coverage, fever management, and pain management as part of the protocol helps reduce the length of hospital stay by facilitating recovery rates among severely malnourished children under five in Ethiopia.
Biological effects of combinations of structurally diverse human milk oligosaccharides
Authors: Wichmann Anita
Published: November 2024

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse group of structures and an abundant bioactive component of breastmilk that contribute to infant health and development. Preclinical studies indicate roles for HMOs in shaping the infant gut microbiota, inhibiting pathogens, modulating the immune system, and influencing cognitive development. In the past decade, several industrially produced HMOs have become available to fortify infant formula. Clinical intervention trials with manufactured HMOs have begun to corroborate some of the physiological effects reported in preclinical studies, especially modulation of the gut microbiota in the direction of breastfed infants. As more HMOs become commercially available and as HMOs have some shared mechanisms of action, there is a need to better understand the unique and differential effects of individual HMOs and the benefits of combining multiple HMOs. This review focuses on the differential effects of different HMO structural classes and individual structures and presents a scientific rationale for why combining multiple structurally diverse HMOs is expected to exert greater biological effects.
PU-H71 (NSC 750424): a molecular masterpiece that targets HSP90 in cancer and beyond
Authors: Saber Sameh , Abdelhady Rasha , Elhemely Mai A. , Elmorsy Elsayed A. , Hamad Rabab S. , Abdel-Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , El-kott Attalla F. , AlShehri Mohammed A. , Morsy Kareem , AlSheri Ali S. , Youssef Mahmoud E.
Published: November 2024

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a pivotal molecular chaperone with multifaceted roles in cellular health and disease. Herein, we explore how HSP90 orchestrates cellular stress responses, particularly through its partnership with heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1). PU-H71, a selective inhibitor of HSP90, demonstrates significant potential in cancer therapy by targeting a wide array of oncogenic pathways. By inducing the degradation of multiple client proteins, PU-H71 disrupts critical signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, EGFR, and mTOR, which are essential for cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. We examined its impact on combating triple-negative breast cancer and enhancing the effectiveness of carbon-ion beam therapy, offering new avenues for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the dual inhibition of HSP90A and HSP90B1 by PU-H71 proves highly effective in the context of myeloma, providing fresh hope for patients with this challenging malignancy. We delve into its potential to induce apoptosis in B-cell lymphomas that rely on Bcl6 for survival, highlighting its relevance in the realm of hematologic cancers. Shifting our focus to hepatocellular carcinoma, we explore innovative approaches to chemotherapy. Moreover, the current review elucidates the potential capacity of PU-H71 to suppress glial cell activation paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammatory disorders. Additionally, the present report also suggests the promising role of PU-H71 in JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative neoplasms. Eventually, our report sheds more light on the multiple functions of HSP90 protein as well as the potential therapeutic benefit of its selective inhibitor PU-H71 in the context of an array of diseases, laying the foundations for the development of novel therapeutic approaches that could achieve better treatment outcomes.
Emerging strategies to overcome ovarian cancer: advances in immunotherapy
Authors: Massariol Pimenta Tatiana , Carlos de Souza Josiany , da Silva Martins Bárbara , Silva Butzene Solenny Maria , Simões Padilha José Matheus , Ganho Marçal Milleny , dos Santos Elias Guilherme , Rangel Leticia Batista Azevedo
Published: November 2024

Ovarian cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm of gynecological origin and the leading cause of death from cancer in the female reproductive system worldwide. This scenario is largely due to late diagnoses, often in advanced stages, and the development of chemoresistance by cancer cells. These challenges highlight the need for alternative treatments, with immunotherapy being a promising option. Cancer immunotherapy involves triggering an anti-tumor immune response and developing immunological memory to eliminate malignant cells, prevent recurrence, and inhibit metastasis. Some ongoing research investigate potentially immunological advancements in the field of cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, CAR-T cell, and other strategies.