bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The response of soybean plants due to inoculation of rhizobium bacteria and different fertilizer application
Authors: Fuskhah Eny , Purbajanti Endang Dwi , Anwar Syaiful
Published: July 2021

The research aimed to obtain information on the benefits of Rhizobium bacteria inoculation with various types of fertilizers in increasing soybean growth and production. The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Ecology and Crop Production Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The soybean seeds used were Anjasmoro. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 3 x 4 factorial patterns with 4 replications. The first factor was Rhizobium bacterial inoculation including: R1 = without inoculation (control), R2 = Inoculation when planting, R3 = Inoculation 14 days after planting. The second factor was the type of fertilizer treatment includes: P1 = urea 75 kg/ha, P2 = cow manure 7.5 tons/ha, P3 = urea 75 kg/ha + zeolite 7.5 tons/ha, P4 = cow manure 7.5 tons/ha + zeolite 7.5 tons/ha. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of effective nodules, and number of pods. The data obtained were analyzed of variance analysis and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed Rhizobium bacterial inoculation significantly increases the growth and production of Anjasmoro soybeans both given when planting and 14 days after planting. Fertilization with 7.5 tons of manure/ha shows Anjasmoro soybean growth and production which was equivalent to 75 kg/ha of urea fertilizer.
Effect pesticides to entomopathogen fungi from citrus orchard in vitro
Authors: Widyaningsih Sri , Harwanto  , Triasih Unun , Agustina Dina
Published: July 2021

Pesticides are a group of chemicals that are intentionally applied to the environment with the aim of suppressing pests and plant diseases and protecting agricultural products. Most pesticides do not specifically target pests and diseases only during application, but also affect the products produced and human health due to the residue and the effect on non-target pests including entomopathogen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pesticides applied in controlling pests and diseases of citrus plants towards the growth of entomopathogenic fungi in vitro. This test used three active ingredients of pesticides namely Mankozeb (fungicide), Profenofos and Lambda cyhalothrin (insecticides). Dosage of pesticides in the treatments were 0.25 times, 1-time, 2-times of the recommended doses and control (without pesticides). Five types of entomopathogenic fungi used were Metarhizium anisopliae, Hirsutella sp., Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces sp. and TB.8 (not yet identified). Each treatment with 3 replications. The size of entomopathogenic fungi showed the influence of pesticides on the growth of entomopathogenic fungi. A quarter dose of profenofos insecticide had the potential to inhibit the growth of all isolates, except M. anisopliae. All isolates did not show significant growth reductions after treated with various doses of Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. Mancozeb fungicide had a negative effect on the growth of all entomopathogenic fungi isolates. The highest spore density on the 21st days was Paecilomyces sp. under the Profenofos treatment. Lambda-cyhalothrin did not affect the spore productions in all entomopathogenic fungi isolates. Otherwise, spore production was not observed even at the lowest concentrations of Mancozeb treatment. Differences in the active ingredients of pesticide affected the growth and sporulation of entomopathogen.
Study of the Quality of Zalacca Fruit on Control Atmosphere Storage (CAS) and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
Authors: Mulyawanti I , Widayanti S M , Dewandari K T , Setyabudi D A
Published: July 2021

Zalacca fruit has a short shelf life which is about 5-7 days after harvest. Control Atmosphere Storage (CAS) and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) are alternative technologies that can be applied to increase the shelf life of fruit. In the CAS system, zalacca fruit was stored in a room with a composition of 9% O2 and CO2, a temperature of 8-12ºC, and 90% RH, while in the MAP system the fruit was packed in plastic crates in a capacity of 8 kg then the crates are coated with plastic which is given holes as many as 72 holes measuring 0.5 cm. The results showed that zalacca fruit can be stored in CAS conditions for 26 days with a weight loss of 1.25% and a damage level of 7.3%, while the weight loss and damage levels of zalacca fruit on MAP storage were 2.6% and 29.5%. Microscopically the fruit of zalacca CAS and MAP showed skin wrinkling which was thought to be related to the occurrence of water loss during storage. Based on the data obtained, the storage of zalacca fruit by CAS was more effective than MAP.
Storage Technology, and Control of Aflatoxin in Corn (Zea mays L.) with Internet of Things (IoT) Application
Authors: Hadipernata M , Ni’matullah Al-Baarri A , Somantri M , Rahayu E , Munarso S J , Rachmat R , Miskiyah  , Misgyarta  , Hayuningtyas M , Pangidoan S
Published: July 2021

In the inappropriate storage, corn become a suitable medium for fungus growth. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus paraciticus, and Aspergillus nomius produce Aflatoxin that is harmful to humans. One of the problems of Indonesian corn farmer is that storage space does not meet the requirements and corn warehouses still adopt a manually control system. Internet of Thing (IoT) has the potential to be used to facilitate human activities such as transferring and processing data or information through an internet, autonomous, and virtual network. The research objective was to study the corn storage system which has a low aflatoxin content with the IoT Application. The methodology of the study were field observation and desk study related to issues. The results showed that the fungus in corn will grow very fast when the moisture content more than 14 percent. IoT design were be able to maintain moisture content of corn less than 14 percent. IoT system for corn storage consists of room storage, sensors, actuators, monitoring and data storage. Sensor were used for detection and monitoring of the corn condition. The information from this sensor is then processed by a computer program, then the feedback will be done by the actuator.
Physico-chemical characterization of fresh tuber of water yam (Dioscorea alata) germplasm
Authors: Yulifianti R , Utomo J S , Mejaya I M J
Published: July 2021

Information of the physical and chemical characteristics in water yam tuber (Dioscorea alata) is needed to complete the database of germplasm, support the breeding activities and utilization for both food and industry purposes. This study was conducted at the Food Chemistry Laboratory of Iletri to observe the physical and chemical characteristics of the water yam fresh tuber derived from 22 Iletri’s germplasm accessions. The fleshed of water yam color were varied, namely white, yellow, mixture of white and purple, white and yellow, yellow and purple. The trial was arranged using a completely randomized design with three replications. The moisture content ranged from 56.08-80.03%, dry matter 18.82-43.02%, ash 2.56-4.97% dw, starch 61.81-75.87% dw, amylose 28.40-43.15% dw, and reducing sugar 0.27-1.49% dw. The fiber content varied widely from 4.33% to 13.99% dw. The water yam also had a wide range of texture, ranging from soft to hard with a hardness level of 6.78-57.78 N. Based on the starch and fiber contents of the fresh tuber, MLGAR 0071, MLGAR 0183, MLGAR 0003 and MLGAR 0006 accessions were potential to be used as parent materials in breeding program to obtain superior varieties of water yam with high starch and fiber contents.
Physico-chemical characteristics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus campanulatus) germplasm
Authors: Utomo Joko Susilo , Ginting Erliana
Published: July 2021

The diversity of elephant food yam (Amorphophallus campanulatus) in Indonesia is essential to be explored concerning its potential use for food and benefit for health. Breeding for release new varieties with spesific characters needs a various of genetic materials, particularly from germplasm collection. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the physicochemical characteristics of 14 elephant food yam germplasm collected by Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI). The physical observations showed that the colour of the flesh varied from yellow to orange with the lightness values (L*) ranging from 70.53 to 81.63. The moisture, ash, reducing sugar, and amylose contents also varied from 66.58 – 88.36 %, 2.49-4.91 % (dm), 1.42-7.89 % (dm), 23.84-31,37 % (dm), respectively. These elephant food yam genotypes particularly contained high dietary fiber with the highest value observed in MLGAR 0101 (54.29 % dm) and MLGAR 0016 (53.15 % dm). The hardness levels of the boiled tubers ranged from 11.90-38.1 N with the highest value observed in MLGAR 0131, suggesting that this genotype had the most firm texture when used for direct consumption. Based on the results of chemical properties, MLGAR 0034, MLGAR 0111, MLGAR 030, MLGAR 0150, MLGAR 0312, and MLGAR 0131 are classified into one cluster.
The feasibility of potential cooperative-based partnership broiler agribusiness for sustainable chicken meat self-sufficiency in North Maluku
Authors: Hartanto S , Sugihono C , Hidayat Y , Prayitno E
Published: July 2021

Broiler meat is a crucial protein source in North Maluku. However, it is imported by 80% from other regions. This study was aimed to analyze the feasibility of potential cooperative-based partnership broiler agribusiness in North Maluku. This study was carried out from July to August 2020. Primer and secondary data were utilized in this study. The survey was employed to collect the primer data. The respondents were poultry shop owners, broiler farmers, chicken meat sellers, and broiler meat importers. Data were analyzed using financial analyses (net revenue, revenue cost ratio/RC ratio, and payback period). The study showed that the number of 55.000 broilers per month must be raised to attain chicken meat self-sufficiency in North Maluku. The capacity of 1 farmer as plasma was 1,500 broilers per month due to lacking good farming practice. Financial analyses showed that the farmer would have net revenue 5,782,667.00 IDR a month for 1,500 population, RC ratio 1.13, and payback period 0.82 years. Cooperative would have net revenue 133,470,756 IDR per month per 55,000 broilers, RC ratio 2.62, and payback periods 4.22 years. The study concludes that cooperative-based partnership broiler agribusiness is feasible to be developed due to it has affect positively the economy sector in North Maluku.
The Effect of social capital on integrated crop management of rice production in Sumber District Rembang Regency
Authors: Pramono J. , Satmoko S. , Sumarsono
Published: July 2021

Research objective was to analyze the effect of social capital in the application of integrated crop management on rice production. The study population was a farmer group in Sumber District that implemented a farmer field school on integrated crop management. Purposive random sampling was used to determine respondents. There were 318 respondents in this study. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Path analysis was used for data analysis. Social capital had a significant effect on farmers’ knowledge among farmers in Sumber District, Rembang. Social capital also had significant effect on farmers’ perceptions in the application of integrated crop management on rice production. Moreover, social capital had a significant and direct positive effect on adoption in the application of integrated crop management on rice production.
Broiler farmers response to use of phytobiotics as substitute antibiotic growth promoters
Authors: Putritamara Jaisy Aghniarahim , Febrianto Nanang , Satria Awang Tri , Nuningtyas Yuli Frita
Published: July 2021

The research objective was to analyze the characteristics of broiler farmers in the use of herbal feed ingredients as additive feeds, analyze farmers’ culture in applying herbal ingredients in feed and analyze farmer responses to the use of herbal feed ingredients (phytobiotic content) in reducing AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) residues in broiler meat . The study was conducted in the Turen sub-district of Malang Regency. The number of respondents in the study was a total sampling obtained by 157 farmers. Data analysis using quantitative methods with multiple regression. The results showed that factors affecting farmers using phytobiotic-based additive feeds were education level, intrinsic motivation, extension intensity, income, broiler business experience, price of phytobiotic-based additive feed and AGP-based feed prices. The habit of providing AGP-based feed was quite high, but the response to phytobiotics was also high, but in practice there was still little because of the lack of knowledge of farmers to phytobiotic. Socio-economic factors of farmers affect 84.2% of the use of phytobiotics. The culture of antibiotic use was influenced by several factors including farmer education level, farmer income and phytobiotic feed prices. .
Comparative analysis of unbalanced moment of reinforced concrete slab-column connections
Authors: Qingxuan Shi , Lu Zhang
Published: July 2021

The existing comparative analysis of the unbalanced moment mainly compares the differences between the calculated value and the experimental value of the unbalanced moment in different national codes and different calculation methods. There is less analysis on the change trend of the important parameters in the unbalanced moment calculation methods in national codes. A comparison of the provisions for unbalanced moment of reinforced concrete slab-column connections was studied based on Chinese code (GB 50010-2010), American code (ACI318-14) and European code (EN1992-04). The effects of concrete strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the use of shear reinforcement and gravity-shear ratio on the unbalanced moment were studied through the calculation example and experimental results of 186 specimens. The results indicate that the calculation values of Chinese and American codes are conservative and dispersive, because the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and gravity-shear ratio on distribution coefficient of unbalanced moment were not considered, while the calculation results of European code are the closest to the test values.
Research on Warehouse Location Selection of Community Group Purchasing Platform
Authors: Meng Yanyi , Cao Liting , Wang Haoran , Dai Yufei , Li Zhen , Feng Bingqing
Published: July 2021

The warehouse location selection problem for the community group purchasing platform named “Hippo Tribe” is researched in this paper. By investigating the existing warehouse location of the “Hippo Tribe” and analyzing the existing problems, two alternatives are determined according to the actual situation in Beijing, and then the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are used. Method, fuzzy evaluation of the location plan of the new warehouse, and thus the optimal choice plan is determined. Suggestions are given to help enterprises reduce operating costs and improve economic benefits.
The Application Study on Accurately Search&Rescue of the Wounded on the land battlefield base on “Beidou + Armored ambulance”
Authors: Sun Peng , Zhang Jian , Wang Ling-Hui
Published: July 2021

The accurately program of search&rescue of the wounded is designed and an initial design idea of various subsystems is proposed in order to provide theoretical explorations and solutions for making the search & rescue of the wounded on a land battlefield immediate, intelligent and accurate and for lowering the death and disability rates of the wounded. A full combination of skill features and functional advantages is made between BDS and Armored ambulance, which is systematically applied to the search & rescue on the land battlefield. The rationality and feasibility of the program of search&rescue are guaranteed by functional combinations, comprehensive integration and experimental verification. The verification of the program of search&rescue is made in the form of war-game exercises. The result finds that the “BDS + Armored ambulance” pattern of search & rescue can accurately acquire real-time locations of the wounded, immediately provide on-site first-aid services and emergency aid & treatment for the wounded and rapidly receive and transfer the wounded, which demonstrate a better practice and application prospect of health services. As the BDS-3 is to be put into service in 2020, the informationized upgrading and transformation of Armored ambulance will be gradually completed and the “BDS + Armored ambulance” program of search &rescue will exert a more obvious influence on the search & rescue of the wounded on the land battlefield, which provide a capability support for realizing the idea of “Medical Treatment be with Soldiers”.
Based on the Georgia road tunnel slope location optimization
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Di Chen , Wang Fuhua , Wang Yetao , Liu Zhen
Published: July 2021

In order to maintain the stability of the mountain under the premise of reducing the cost in the tunnel construction, to Georgia highway and tunnel as an example, put forward in the process of excavation of tunnel, in the case of guarantee the stability of the mountain, reduce the excavated volume of the mountain, the mountain slope forward 4 m, and using numerical analysis software MIDAS to two kinds of schemes are numerically simulated, compared to the original plan and put forward solution two kinds of working conditions of the mountain slope ground stress, stress and settlement of slope of tunnel lining first. The numerical simulation results show that after the mountain slope is moved forward, the peak value of ground stress of the mountain decreases, the shear stress of the initial lining decreases, and the slope settlement is basically the same as the original plan. Generally speaking, the settlement value of the vault decreases, and the uplift value of the arch bottom increases by 2mm. Therefore, in future tunnel construction, according to the corresponding geological conditions, the slope can be appropriately moved in front of the mountain to reduce the amount of mountain excavation and save costs.
Research on the Influence of Rainfall Weather on Urban Road Characteristics
Authors: Li Menghan , Li Wei , Wang Heng , Wang Zhenfeng
Published: July 2021

In order to ensure the high-quality operation of urban traffic, the impact of rainfall on urban road characteristics was studied. Taking Zhengzhou as an example, the traffic volume, headway time and vehicle start loss time under different rainfall were counted. By studying the mechanism of the basic capacity and actual capacity of roads affected by rainfall, the changes in the degree of impact of rainfall on roads and other traffic environments are determined.
Study on Traffic Status and Carbon Emission of Urban Transport in Beijing
Authors: Fang Hai , Bian Li
Published: July 2021

At present, most of the literatures on transportation carbon emissions in China are to calculate the total amount of transportation carbon emissions. There are few literatures on carbon emission of specific transportation mode. There are few literatures on the calculation and analysis of urban traffic carbon emissions in Beijing. The historical data in these documents are very early, which can not effectively evaluate the current situation of urban transport in Beijing. Firstly, this paper analyzes the travel situation of Beijing residents in recent years. Then, based on the average daily passenger traffic volume and travel share rate of Beijing residents, a statistical model of urban transport vehicle energy consumption is established. Finally, the carbon emission of Beijing passenger transport is estimated.
Fire, water, and biodiversity in the Sierra Nevada: a possible triple win
Authors: Stephens Scott L , Thompson Sally , Boisramé Gabrielle , Collins Brandon M , Ponisio Lauren C , Rakhmatulina Ekaterina , Steel Zachary L , Stevens Jens T , van Wagtendonk Jan W , Wilkin Kate
Published: July 2021

Reducing the risk of large, severe wildfires while also increasing the security of mountain water supplies and enhancing biodiversity are urgent priorities in western US forests. After a century of fire suppression, Yosemite and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks located in California’s Sierra Nevada initiated programs to manage wildfires and these areas present a rare opportunity to study the effects of restored fire regimes. Forest cover decreased during the managed wildfire period and meadow and shrubland cover increased, especially in Yosemite’s Illilouette Creek basin that experienced a 20% reduction in forest area. These areas now support greater pyrodiversity and consequently greater landscape and species diversity. Soil moisture increased and drought-induced tree mortality decreased, especially in Illilouette where wildfires have been allowed to burn more freely resulting in a 30% increase in summer soil moisture. Modeling suggests that the ecohydrological co-benefits of restoring fire regimes are robust to the projected climatic warming. Support will be needed from the highest levels of government and the public to maintain existing programs and expand them to other forested areas.
Long-term success of low-frequency subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson’s disease depends on tremor severity and symptom duration
Authors: Vijiaratnam Nirosen , Girges Christine , Wirth Thomas , Grover Timothy , Preda Francesca , Tripoliti Elina , Foley Jennifer , Scelzo Emma , Macerollo Antonella , Akram Harith , Hyam Jonathan , Zrinzo Ludvic , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Thomas
Published: July 2021

Patients with Parkinson’s disease can develop axial symptoms, including speech, gait and balance difficulties. Chronic high-frequency (>100 Hz) deep brain stimulation can contribute to these impairments while low-frequency stimulation (<100 Hz) may improve symptoms but only in some individuals. Factors predicting which patients benefit from low-frequency stimulation in the long term remain unclear. This study aims to confirm that low-frequency stimulation improves axial symptoms, and to go further to also explore which factors predict the durability of its effects. We recruited patients who developed axial motor symptoms while using high-frequency stimulation and objectively assessed the short-term impact of low-frequency stimulation on axial symptoms, other aspects of motor function and quality of life. A retrospective chart review was then conducted on a larger cohort to identify which patient characteristics were associated with not only the need to trial low-frequency stimulation, but also those which predicted its sustained use. Among 20 prospective patients, low-frequency stimulation objectively improved mean motor and axial symptom severity and quality of life in the short term. Among a retrospective cohort of 168 patients, those with less severe tremor and those in whom axial symptoms had emerged sooner after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation were more likely to be switched to and remain on long-term low-frequency stimulation. These data suggest that low-frequency stimulation results in objective mean improvements in overall motor function and axial symptoms among a group of patients, while individual patient characteristics can predict sustained long-term benefits. Longer follow-up in the context of a larger, controlled, double-blinded study would be required to provide definitive evidence of the role of low-frequency deep brain stimulation.
Central role of c-Src in NOX5- mediated redox signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells in human hypertension
Authors: Camargo Livia L , Montezano Augusto C , Hussain Misbah , Wang Yu , Zou Zhiguo , Rios Francisco J , Neves Karla B , Alves-Lopes Rheure , Awan Fazli R , Guzik Tomasz J , Jensen Thomas , Hartley Richard C , Touyz Rhian M
Published: July 2021

Aims

NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mediators of signalling pathways implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction in hypertension. Among the numerous redox-sensitive kinases important in VSMC regulation is c-Src. However, mechanisms linking NOX/ROS to c-Src are unclear, especially in the context of oxidative stress in hypertension. Here, we investigated the role of NOX-induced oxidative stress in VSMCs in human hypertension focusing on NOX5, and explored c-Src, as a putative intermediate connecting NOX5-ROS to downstream effector targets underlying VSMC dysfunction.

Methods and results

VSMC from arteries from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects were studied. NOX1,2,4,5 expression, ROS generation, oxidation/phosphorylation of signalling molecules, and actin polymerization and migration were assessed in the absence and presence of NOX5 (melittin) and Src (PP2) inhibitors. NOX5 and p22phox-dependent NOXs (NOX1–4) were down-regulated using NOX5 siRNA and p22phox-siRNA approaches. As proof of concept in intact vessels, vascular function was assessed by myography in transgenic mice expressing human NOX5 in a VSMC-specific manner. In HT VSMCs, NOX5 was up-regulated, with associated oxidative stress, hyperoxidation (c-Src, peroxiredoxin, DJ-1), and hyperphosphorylation (c-Src, PKC, ERK1/2, MLC20) of signalling molecules. NOX5 siRNA reduced ROS generation in NT and HT subjects. NOX5 siRNA, but not p22phox-siRNA, blunted c-Src phosphorylation in HT VSMCs. NOX5 siRNA reduced phosphorylation of MLC20 and FAK in NT and HT. In p22phox- silenced HT VSMCs, Ang II-induced phosphorylation of MLC20 was increased, effects blocked by melittin and PP2. NOX5 and c-Src inhibition attenuated actin polymerization and migration in HT VSMCs. In NOX5 transgenic mice, vascular hypercontractilty was decreased by melittin and PP2.

Conclusion

We define NOX5/ROS/c-Src as a novel feedforward signalling network in human VSMCs. Amplification of this system in hypertension contributes to VSMC dysfunction. Dampening the NOX5/ROS/c-Src pathway may ameliorate hypertension-associated vascular injury.
The negative association between skeletal muscle and fat mass wasting caused by oesophagectomy in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Peiyu , Liu Qi , Chen Xiankai , Liu Xianben , Li Yin
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES

This prospective observational study aimed to investigate postoperative skeletal muscle and fat mass wasting and their clinical significance in oesophageal cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive McKeown oesophagectomy.

METHODS

Bioelectrical impedance analyses of body compositions were conducted before surgery and 1, 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Curve-fitting analysis was used to describe the relationship between changes in the skeletal muscle mass index (ΔSMI) and fat mass index (ΔFMI). A logistic regression-based nomogram was established using the R tool.

RESULTS

Among the 78 patients, 74.4% were male, and the mean age was 64.8 [standard deviation (SD): 6.6] years. Decreased SMIs and FMIs were concentrated in the first 4 weeks after surgery, with proportions of −3.42% (SD: 4.58) and −17.7% (SD: 11.9), respectively. A negative relationship between ΔFMI and ΔSMI was detected by linear regression (coefficient −0.341, P < 0.001). Based on the median ΔSMI to ΔFMI ratio (35.5%), 2 postoperative weight loss types were defined: SMI-dominated (SMDT) and FMI-dominated (FMDT) types. SMDT patients reported increased feeding-related problems, poorer functional status and more unhealthy symptoms than FMDT patients within 12 weeks after surgery. SMDT patients also showed poorer 2-year overall survival (71.1% vs 87.3%, P = 0.021) and disease-free survival (60.5% vs 84.9%, P = 0.032) than FMDT patients. A nomogram based on baseline and perioperative parameters was established to quantify postoperative SMDT and FMDT tendencies with good accuracy (C-index: 0.897).

CONCLUSIONS

The negative relationship between ΔFMI and ΔSMI indicated differentiated metabolism post-oesophagectomy. SMDT was associated with adverse therapeutic outcomes and warranted aggressive interventions.

Clinical registration number

The study protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number ChiCTR1800018511.
17-α-Estradiol Has Sex-Specific Effects on Neuroinflammation That Are Partly Reversed by Gonadectomy
Authors: Debarba Lucas K , Jayarathne Hashan S M , Miller Richard A , Garratt Michael , Sadagurski Marianna
Published: July 2021

17-α-Estradiol (17aE2) treatment from 4 months of age extends life span in male mice and can reduce neuroinflammatory responses in the hypothalamus of 12-month-old males. Although 17aE2 improves longevity in males, female mice are unaffected, suggesting a sexually dimorphic pattern of life-span regulation. We tested whether the sex-specific effects of 17aE2 on neuroinflammatory responses are affected by gonadal removal and whether hypothalamic changes extend to other brain regions in old age. We show that sex-specific effects of 17aE2 on age-associated gliosis are brain region specific and are partially dependent on gonadectomy. 17aE2 treatment started at 4 months of age protected 25-month-old males from hypothalamic inflammation. Castration before 17aE2 exposure reduced the effect of 17aE2 on hypothalamic astrogliosis in males. In contrast, sex-specific inhibition of microgliosis generated by 17aE2 was not significantly affected by castration. In the hippocampus, gonadectomy influenced the severity of gliosis and the responsiveness to 17aE2 in a region-dependent manner. The male-specific effects of 17aE2 correlate with increases in hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha expression, specifically in gonadally intact males, consistent with the idea that 17aE2 might act through this receptor. Our results indicate that neuroinflammatory responses to 17aE2 are partially controlled by the presence of sex-specific gonads. Loss of gonadal function and age-associated neuroinflammation could, therefore, influence late-life health and disease onset, leading to sexual dimorphism in both aging and in response to drugs that modify the pace of aging.
Aztreonam/avibactam effect on pharmacodynamic indices for mutant selection ofEscherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniaeharbouring serine- and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases
Authors: Feng Kun , Jia Nan , Zhu Peijuan , Sy Serubbabel , Liu Yanfei , Dong Dandan , Zhu Shixing , Zhang Jiayuan , Liu Yuwei , Martins Frederico S , Gong Hugh , Lv Zhihua , Yu Mingming , Sy Sherwin K B , Zhu Yuanqi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Ceftazidime/avibactam is not active against MBL-producing bacteria. Combining ceftazidime/avibactam or avibactam with aztreonam can counter the resistance of MBL-producing Enterobacterales. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of avibactam could reduce or close the mutant selection window (MSW) of aztreonam in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae harbouring MBLs; MSW is a pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter for the selection of emergent resistant mutants.

Methods

In vitro susceptibility of 19 clinical isolates to ceftazidime/avibactam, aztreonam alone, and in co-administration (aztreonam/ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam/avibactam) was determined, as well as the mutant prevention concentration (MPC). The fraction of time within 24 h that the free drug concentration was within the MSW (fTMSW) and the fraction of time that the free drug concentration was above the MPC (fT>MPC) in both plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were determined from simulations of 10 000 profiles. The joint PTA was used to derive a joint cumulative fraction of response (CFR).

Results

All isolates were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam or aztreonam. Combining aztreonam and avibactam or ceftazidime/avibactam resulted in synergistic bactericidal activities against all isolates. Synergism was primarily due to the aztreonam/avibactam combination. For aztreonam/avibactam dosing regimens evaluated in clinical trials, fT>MPC values were >90% and >80%, whereas fTMSW measures were <10% and <20% in plasma and ELF, respectively. The CFR was 100% for aztreonam/avibactam against the collection of clinical isolates.

Conclusions

Effective antimicrobial combination optimized the PD parameters measuring selection for emergent mutants by increasing fT>MPC and reducing fTMSW.
A Retrospective Study of Touchless Spray for Pediatric Perineal Burns Treatment
Authors: Diab Waseem C , Ridelman Elika , Vitale Lisa , Cloutier Dawn , Klein Justin D , Shanti Christina M
Published: July 2021

Silver-based topical treatments have seen widespread use for the management of burns due to silver’s antimicrobial activity. Recent studies suggest that silver nanoparticles could negatively affect healing time due to their toxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts at higher concentrations. Zinc oxide antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated in vitro, and results from animal studies are promising for burn management. At our ABA-verified pediatric burn center, the use of silver sulfadiazine cream (“Silvadene”) has been slowly replaced by a zinc oxide/dimethicone spray-on solution (“Touchless Spray”). The dimethicone allows the spray to be occlusive without interfering with clothing, yet easily removed as opposed to Silvadene cream which requires wound scrubbing to remove and replace; potentially improving patient adherence with at-home treatments. This is the first study of zinc oxide’s efficacy as a burn wound management agent in humans. We sought to compare the efficacy of silver sulfadiazine and that of zinc oxide/dimethicone to determine whether zinc oxide/dimethicone, in its easy-to-use form, is a viable alternative to silver sulfadiazine. We conducted a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of all patients treated for perineal, genital, perianal, suprapubic, or buttocks burn wounds at a large pediatric-verified burn center from January 1, 2014 to October 28, 2019. Only patients with superficial second-degree scald burns that arrived at our institution less than 24 hours after injury were included. Of a total 52 patients identified, 27 patients received silver sulfadiazine while 25 received zinc oxide/dimethicone. After initial evaluation and treatment by the burn team, all patients were followed up at our weekly burn clinic until complete healing was achieved. We retrospectively extracted demographic data, wound size, depth, and location, management strategies, time to complete healing, and incidence of infectious and noninfectious complications. The control group contained patients with total body surface area burns significantly greater than the zinc oxide/dimethicone group likely due to selective treatment when zinc oxide/dimethicone was first introduced at our facility. Time to healing was significantly lower in the zinc oxide/dimethicone intervention group (12.16 ± 8.644 days) than the silver sulfadiazine control group (16.89 ± 11.342 days). No infections were observed. Limitations include the relatively small sample sizes and differences in the size of burn wounds that confounded our results and likely negatively affected healing time in the control group. The zinc oxide/dimethicone group had a significantly lower healing time than the silver sulfadiazine group in the treatment of pediatric burns to the perineum, genitalia, suprapubis, and buttocks. Zinc oxide/dimethicone may prove to be a useful tool for treating burn wounds, and further study is needed to determine its efficacy and safety.
Cost-Sharing and Out-of-Pocket Cost for Women Who Received MRI for Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Pan I-Wen , Oeffinger Kevin C , Shih Ya-Chen Tina
Published: July 2021

Background

The financial protection of the prevention provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) doesn’t apply to breast MRI but only to mammography for breast cancer screening. The purpose of the study is to examine the financial burden among women who received breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for screening.

Methods

This observational study used the Marketscan database. Women who underwent breast MRI between 2009 and 2017 and had screening mammography within 6 months of the MRI were included. We compared the time trend of the proportion of zero cost-share for women undergoing screening mammography and that for MRI. We quantified out-of-pocket (OOP) costs as the sum of copayment, coinsurance, and deductible and defined zero cost-share as having no OOP cost. We conducted multivariable logistic regression and 2-part model to examine factors associated with zero cost-share and OOP costs of MRI, respectively.

Results

During the study period, 16 341 women had a screening breast MRI. The proportion of screening MRI claims with zero cost-share decreased from 43.1% (2009) to 26.2% (2017). The adjusted mean OOP cost for women in high-deductible plans was more than twice the cost for their counterparts ($549 vs $251; 2-sided P < .001). Women who resided in the South in the post–Affordable Care Act era were less likely to have zero cost-share and paid higher OOP costs for screening MRI.

Conclusions

Many women are subject to high financial burden when receiving MRI for breast cancer screening. Those enrolled in high-deductible plans and who reside in the South are especially vulnerable financially.
Selenomethionine alleviates LPS-induced JNK/NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent necroptosis by modulating miR-15a and oxidative stress in chicken lungs
Authors: Wang Bing , Cui Yuan , Zhang Qiaojian , Wang Shengchen , Xu Shiwen
Published: July 2021

Selenium (Se) was involved in many physiological processes in humans and animals. microRNAs (miRNAs) also played important roles in lung diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of miRNA in chicken lungs and the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pneumonia remained unclear. To further study these mechanisms, we established a supplement of selenomethionine (SeMet) and/or LPS-treated chicken model and a cell model of LPS and/or high and low expression of miR-15a in chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cells. We detected the expression of some selenoproteins, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3), mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), miR-15a, and oxidative stress kits. Additionally, we observed the morphology of lungs by H.E. staining in vitro. The results indicated that necroptosis occurred in LPS-treated chicken and LMH cells. Moreover, LPS stimulation inhibited miR-15a, and increased the expression of JNK, NLRP3, caspase1, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. We also found that LPS treatment not only increased the content of H2O2 and MDA in the lungs but also increased the activities of iNOS and CAT and the content of GSH decreased. Conclusion: SeMet could reduce the oxidative damage and activate NLRP3 inflammasome reaction by stimulating miR-15a/JNK, thus reduced the pulmonary necroptosis induced by LPS.
New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Authors: Ospina-Sarria Jhon Jairo , Grant Taran
Published: July 2021

Brachycephaloidea (composed of 1183 species) is the most diverse superfamily of amphibians. In recent years, molecular techniques utilizing genetic markers have significantly improved our understanding of the phylogeny of this superfamily. However, with the expansion of molecular techniques, phenotypic characters have received increasingly less attention. In an effort to highlight the contributions that phenotypic characters can make to understanding the phylogeny of Brachycephaloidea, we studied novel characters from pelvic and thigh musculature and digital discs on fingers. On this basis, we provide new phenotypic synapomorphies to recognize three clades previously recognized solely on the basis of DNA. The first two synapomorphies, related to the origins of the m. iliacus externus and m. tensor fasciae latae, diagnose Ceuthomantis and Phrynopus, respectively. The third synapomorphy, related to the relative size of the disc on finger I, diagnoses the Pristimantis conspicillatus species group, which is the largest species group within the species-rich genus Pristimantis. We conclude that phenotypic data are a valuable source of evidence in testing phylogenetic hypotheses of Brachycephaloidea and emphasize the need to reassess all phenotypic characters previously used in brachycephaloid taxonomy to delimit them objectively as transformation series and include them in total evidence analyses.
New insights into the systematics ofLumbricillusandMarionina(Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
Authors: Klinth Mårten J , Rota Emilia , Martinsson Svante , Prantoni Alessandro L , Erséus Christer
Published: July 2021

Enchytraeid worms collected in South Africa and on the Marion, South Orkney, South Georgia and South Shetland Islands during 2008–2015 were studied using morphology and seven genetic markers. Nine species were recognized: one terrestrial (Christensenidrilus blocki) and all the others marine littoral (five Lumbricillus and three Marionina s.s.). An estimated phylogeny including other enchytraeids from the Northern Hemisphere, many of which are members of Lumbricillus and some representing Marionina s.l., confirmed a non-monophyletic Lumbricillus, with some of its current species closely related to Grania or Marionina s.s. The phylogeny also corroborated a non-monophyletic Marionina s.l., with Marionina s.s. closely related to Grania and Lumbricillus s.l., but not to the remaining sequenced ‘Marionina’ or to Ch. blocki. These results provide a long-needed starting point for a revision of both Marionina and Lumbricillus. We provide morphological descriptions of all nine species, three of which are new to science: Lumbricillus finisafricae sp. nov., Lumbricillus nivalis sp. nov., and Marionina fusca sp. nov. Comments on three related species of Marionina s.s. based on re-examined type material are also provided.
Embracing Change: Online Quality Assurance and Faculty Satisfaction
Authors: Nininger Jami , Abbott Miriam
Published: July 2021

Despite the accepted and evolutionary presence of online delivery in the higher education context, the quality of online nursing education continues to be scrutinized. Quality assurance initiatives place increased demands on the faculty community and may be perceived by faculty as excessive institutional control. Leveraging tools such as professional development, templates, and peer auditors, one program met quality assurance standards. Associated with the program’s quality assurance process, an analysis of student evaluations and faculty surveys indicates improved teaching efficacy and faculty satisfaction with courses.
New ultrasound-guided techniques in chronic pain management: an update
Authors: Ergönenç Tolga , Stockman Janneken
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review

The introduction of ultrasound guidance in interventional pain management leads to the development of new interventional pain management techniques. Ultrasound-guided (UG) interventional pain management is rapidly developing and increasingly more commonly used, due to its many advantages over traditional radiologic imaging modalities. This review will summarize recent literature around novel interventional pain techniques with ultrasound guidance published over the last 18 months.

Recent findings

Many new interventional pain management methods have been described in the last few years in the literature. The use of ultrasonography in interventional pain management played a crucial role in these developments. This review includes newly described interventional methods in the literature. The review particularly focussed on the methods that are used to treat the pain in the hip, shoulder, knee, and lumbar area. These new techniques hold promise for significant improvements in the efficacy and safety of interventional pain management.

There have been many innovations in UG interventional procedures, however, some of them require more rigorous validation before their widespread use.
Training strategies for point of care ultrasound in the ICU
Authors: Cheng Jason , Arntfield Robert
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review

Ultrasound in critical care medicine (CCUS) is a relatively young tool that has been evolving rapidly as skillsets, applications and technology continue to progress. Although ultrasound is identified as a core competency in intensive care unit (ICU) training, there remains significant variability and inconsistencies in the delivery of ultrasound training. The goal of this narrative review is to explore areas of consensus and highlight areas where consensus is lacking to bring attention to future directions of ultrasound training in critical care medicine.

Recent findings

There exists considerable variation in competencies identified as basic for CCUS. Recent efforts by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine serve as the most up to date iteration however implementation is still limited by regional expertise and practice patterns. Major barriers to ultrasound training in the ICU include a lack of available experts for bedside teaching and a lack of familiarity with new technology.

Though international uptake of CCUS has made many gains in the past 20 years, further adoption of technology will be required to overcome the traditional barriers of CCUS training. Although the availability and time constraints of experts will remain a limitation even with wireless capabilities, the ability to expand beyond the physical constraints of an ultrasound machine will vastly benefit efforts to standardize training and improve access to knowledge.
Same day discharge for craniotomy
Authors: Goldmacher Jesse , Bernstein Mark , Venkatraghavan Lashmi
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review

Same-day protocols for craniotomy have been demonstrated to be feasible and safe. Its several benefits include decreased hospital costs, less nosocomial complications, fewer case cancellations, with a high degree of patient satisfaction. This paper reviews the most recent publications in the field of same-day discharge after craniotomy.

Recent findings

Since 2019, several studies on same-day neurosurgical procedures were published. Ambulatory craniotomy protocols for brain tumor were successfully implemented in more centers around the world, and for the first time, in a developing country. Additional information emerged on predictors for successful early discharge, and the barriers and enablers of same-day craniotomy programs. Moreover, the cost benefits of same-day craniotomy were reaffirmed.

Same- day discharge after craniotomy is feasible, safe and continues to expand to a wider variety of procedures, in new institutions and countries. There are several benefits to ambulatory surgery. Well-established protocols for perioperative management are essential to the success of early discharge programs. With continued research, these protocols can be refined and implemented in more institutions globally, ultimately to provide better, more efficient care for neurosurgical patients.