bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosphere Reserve Concept Implementation for Creating Sustainability
Authors: Purwanto Y. , Nugroho Hari , Achmadi Anang Setiawan , Munawaroh Esti
Published: May 2020

The main priority of UNESCO MAB program is to emphasize the implementation of biosphere reserve concept for achieving sustainable development. Biosphere reserve is a concept of site management to harmonize the needs for conservation of both land and coastal ecosystem with the need for economic development in the basis of research on the utilization of natural resources, including cultural resources recognized by UNESCO MAB Program in order to promote a balanced relationship between human and the nature. Principally, the concept of biosfer reserve is applied to bring the conservation of biological diversity into line with sustainable development for achieving a balanced relationship between human and the nature. The advantage of applying the biosphere reserve concept lays on the excellent combination of its three functions, namely: (1) The function associated with conservation of biological resources, ecosystems, and cultural diversity; (2) The function associated with development that supports and enriches sustainable economic development through an ecologicaly and culturally wise approach; and (3) The function associated with provision of logistics supports for various activities related with conservation and sustainable development, in a local, regional, national, or global context, including research, education, training, and monitoring. In implementing those three functions integratively, a zonation approach is applied, in which the site of biosphere reserve is devided into three different areas with specific functions and roles: (1) The core area: It is the area for conservation and it must have a firm, long-term legal protection for preserving the biodiversity, monitoring the undisturbed ecosystems or undertaking non-destructive research, and other “passive” activities such as education and training and ecosystem services; (2) The buffer zone: It is the area encircling or adjoining the core area that is determined to provide protection to the core area against the negative impacts of human activities; and (3) The transition area: The transition area. It is typically the largest part of the biosphere reserve area fuctioning to develope cooperation with local communities. It is established side by side with the buffer zone and this area is a place to develope models for sustainable development and develop an appropriate management of natural resources for the area. Biosphere reserves are used as a place to test and build a sustainable way of life through integrated programs of natural resources management and biodiversity conservation, with the objective to contribute in reducing poverty and increasing the living standard, especially of rural communities. In addition, the implementation of the biosphere reserve concept is also aimed to help reducing the loss of biodiversity, facilitating scientific development and bulding the capacity in the context of providing services neccessary for ecological sustainability.
Power and Water In The Middle East
Authors: Zeitoun Mark
Published: May 2020

Power and Water in the Middle East" provides a powerful new perspective on the Palestinian-Israeli water conflict. Adopting a new approach to understanding water conflict - hydro-hegemony - the author shows the conflict to be much more deeply entrenched than previously thought and reveals how existing tactics to control water are leading away from peace and towards continued domination and a squandering of this vital resource.Existing approaches tend to play down the negative effects of non-violent water conflict, and what is presented as co-operation between countries often hides an underlying state of conflict between them. The new analytical framework of hydro-hegemony exposes the hidden dynamics of water conflict around the world and yields critical insights in to the Middle East water problem. This important work will interest researchers, professionals and policy makers involved with the politics of the Middle East and with water conflict more generally.
Integrating Climate and Socio-Economic Scenarios in a Hydrological Model for the Santa River Basin, Peru
Authors: Teutsch Claudia , Anwar Faizan , Seidel Jochen , Bárdossy András , Huggel Christian , Motschmann Alina , León Christian D. , Drenkhan Fabian
Published: May 2020

High mountain regions, like the Andes, face various risks due to climate change. In the Santa River catchment in Peru which includes the glaciated Cordillera Blanca, water availability is threatened by many climatic and non-climatic impacts. The water resources in the catchment heavily rely on seasonal precipitation and during the dry season glacier melt water plays an important role. However, both, precipitation patterns and glacier extent are affected by climate change impacts. Additionally, socio-economic changes put further pressure on water resources and hence on water availability.

Within the AguaFuturo Project we established a conceptual integrated water balance model based on a semi-distributed HBV model for the data scarce Santa River catchment. The hydrological model processes are extended by feedback loops for agricultural and domestic water use. The model runs on daily time scale and includes two hydrological response units. One includes the irrigated agricultural areas which are predominately located in the valley of the catchment; the other includes non-irrigated areas and domestic water use.

To assess future water balance challenges we downscaled and disaggregated monthly CORDEX scenarios for 2020-2050 using information from the new Peruvian precipitation dataset PISCO (Peruvian Interpolated data of the SENAMHI’s Climatological and hydrological Observations) for simulations of future changes in hydro-climatology. In the model, these climate scenarios are combined with possible socio-economic scenarios which are translated into time series for domestic and agricultural water demand. The socio-economic scenarios are developed by using the Cross-Impact-Balance-Analysis (CIB), a method used for analyzing impact networks. Using CIB, the interrelations between 15 social, economic and policy descriptors were analyzed and as a result a total of 29 possible consistent scenarios were determined. For further analysis and validation of these scenarios a participatory process was included, involving local experts and stakeholders of the study region.

The climate and socio-economic scenarios are independent and can be combined randomly. The uncertainties of the climatic and socio-economic scenarios are quantified by Monte Carlo simulations.

The output of the model runs is an ensemble of possible future discharges of the Santa River, which can be further analyzed statistically to assess the range of the possible discharges. This evaluation provides an estimate of the probability of water shortages, especially with regard to conflict potential with hydropower production and the large scale irrigated agriculture areas in the adjacent coastal desert which also rely on water from the Santa River.
The Development of an Internal Supervision Model Using the Professional Learning Community for Educational Supervisor of Graduate Diploma in Teaching Profession Program
Authors: Boriboon Pairote , Chantarasombut Chalard , Agsonsua Pha
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this research were to: 1) study the current and desirable situations of supervision for graduate diploma in teaching profession program, 2 develop the internal supervision model using professional learning community for educational supervisor of graduate diploma in teaching profession program, and 3) evaluate the efficiency of the developed model.The samples were 49 educational supervisors and committees of graduate diploma in teaching profession program. The instrument was handbook of internal supervision model developed by using the professional learning community. Statistics used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, modified priority needs index, efficiency index, and t-test for dependent samples. The finding srevealed that:   1) The current situation of internal supervision of graduate diploma in teaching profession program was in “High” level.  In addition, the desirable situation was found in the“Highest” level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect with highest emergency need for development was the planning with the PNImodified of 0.40. The second one was the implementing with the PNImodified of 0.36. 2) The developed model was evaluated in the “Highest” level in terms of the propriety, feasibility, and utility.It was integrated in 6 steps including: (1) Preparing, (2) Planning, (3) Implementing, (4) Reflecting, Improvement, and Evaluation, (5) Reinforcing, and (6) Concluding and Reporting. 3) The results of the trials were: (3.1) The efficiency of process and product (E1 / E2) were84.67/ 83.00 which was higher than the specified criterion 80/80. (3.2) The posttest score was significantly higher than the pretest one at level of p-value <0.01. (3.3) The satisfaction on the developed model was in the “Highest” level. When considering each aspect, it was found that planning had the highest mean score, while implementing was found in the second order, and reflecting, improvement, and evaluation had the lowest mean scores.
Striking an Interactive Balance Between Nature and Culture in Human Developmental Exploits for Sustainable Environmental Protection and Management
Authors: Abah George Ohabuenyi , Onah Sebastian Okechukwu
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: The desacralization of nature, the resultant effect of which is evident in multiple environmental issues, has become a global concern. The subtle, yet insidious poisoning of the food-chain, the chemical burdening of the nature cycle, the increasing volume of air pollution, the greenhouse effect with the attendant global warming, climate change, flash floods, and so on, are the echoes of the murderous attacks on nature. At the centre of this destruction is the human species, whose unguarded actions against nature especially in his violent movements from the biosphere to the technosphere, stifles the ecosystemic homeostasis. Yet, development demands that man must necessarily move from nature to culture wherein the destruction of nature is inevitable.

METHODOLOGY: The study used a qualitative design. The methods used were historical, descriptive, and critical. The historical method was used to trace the submissions of varied literatures on nature-culture relationships.

RESULTS: Using the qualitative research design, thereby applying the historical, descriptive and evaluative methodological approaches, and reclining on the Risk Society Theory of Ulrich Beck as well as the Ecological Modernisation Theory of Arthur J.P Mol, we would like to establish that the attainment of sustainable environmental protection and management in the society would largely depend on the maintenance of a respectful balance between cultural superimpositions and natural landscapes in the contemporary society.

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that all developmental projects must be subjected to, and pass through environmental protection and sustainability censorship and tests. This will help to create reasonable and reconciliatory boundaries between nature and culture for a balanced human environment.
Teachers’ Demographic Variables as Predictors of Critical Thinking Skills of School Children: Implications for School Counselling
Authors: Ugwuozor Felix Okechukwu , Ede Moses Onyemaechi , Ifelunni Odozi Clara , Abiogu Godwin C.
Published: May 2020

This study explored the extent to which teachers’ demographic variables predict the critical thinking skills of school children, and the educational implications. The study was guided by research questions and null hypotheses, which used a correlation survey design. The population size was 17,928 middle basic pupils in all government-owned schools in Enugu State, Nigeria. Out of the target population, 1,400 pupils were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The instrument used was theCornell Class-Reasoning Test, Form X, which contains 72 items and assessed the respondents’ critical thinking skills. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Major findings revealed that teachers’ gender does not significantly predict the critical thinking skills of primary-school children in Enugu State, and that teachers’ age does not predict critical thinking of primary school children to a large extent. Last, it was found that teachers’ location does not predict the critical thinking skills of primary schoolchildren to a large extent. Based on the findings, counseling implications and recommendations are made.
Prevalence of Cesarean Section Based on Robson’s Classification in Selected Delivery Centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Rookesh Zohreh , Zarshenas Mahnaz , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: May 2020

Background: Cesarean section is performed to save the lives of the mother and the fetus. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the expected cesarean section rate in different countries should be 10% - 15%, which is about 72.1% in Iran. Objectives: Therefore, due to the high prevalence of cesarean section, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cesarean section based on Robson’s classification in selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-prospective study was conducted among 1787 women who had undergone a cesarean section in Hazrat Zeinab and Hafez hospitals of Shiraz in 2018. The data were collected by the researcher from the data recorded in the two delivery centers, and all the women were classified into 10 Robson groups. Cesarean section was calculated for each group of Robson’s classification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) in SPSS, version 22. Results: Findings showed that 63.4% of the deliveries were performed through cesarean section, and the highest frequency (46.6%) was related to group 5, followed by group 2 (19.5%). Conclusions: Given the high Prevalence of cesarean section observed in this study, it is recommended that the rate of cesarean section should be reduced in nulliparous women (group 2), and vaginal delivery should be increased after cesarean section (group 5).
Washington Hotline
Authors: Kromer Kathi
Published: May 2020

ALA wraps up one #FundLibraries campaign, begins anotherChanges to 2020 Census operations
O "Parmênides" e as doutrinas não-escritas de Platão: o Uno e o Outro
Authors: Xavier Dennys Garcia
Published: May 2020

Diz Cornford (em seu Plato and Parmenides: Way of truth and Plato’s Parmenides) que o diálogo Parmênides inicia “a série das obras nas quais Platão pela primeira vez confronta a sua própria doutrina com os principais sistemas dos predecessores e a submete a um exame crítico” (p. 63). Sim, mas é ainda mais: a reconstrução do diálogo à luz do método hermenêutico de Tübingen-Milão nos leva a colher a estrutura na qual se entrecruzam as visões ontológicas em três níveis, do mundo físico às Ideias e das Ideias aos Princípios primeiros. O elemento-chave do desenvolvimento estrutural não apenas teorético, mas também dramático, é o vínculo que se interpõe entre as duas partes do diálogo. Apenas a unidade entre as duas partes torna plausível e justificável o percurso dialético registrado no texto, como tentar-se-á evidenciar. A primeira parte do Parmênides traz a teoria das Ideias, mas abre mão de uma protologia. Não obstante isso, uma visão completa do texto põe em jogo o Uno e o/s Outro/Outros, fundamentos dos Princípios supremos. Buscar-se-á trazer à luz aqui os nexos estruturais da argumentação que nos leva a uma visão totalizante da realidade em Platão.
Difficulties and Challenges in an Employment Supervision Program for Paroled Prisoners
Authors: Shoham Efrat , Peled-Laskov Ronit
Published: May 2020

The integration of paroled prisoners in employment is presented in the theoretical and research-based literature as one of the principal means of achieving successful re-entry by the prisoners into the community. The literature deals extensively with the correlation between integration and perseverance in employment and risk indices, the most pronounced of which is a return to crime. According to the Theory of Desistance from Crime, it is not enough for criminal activity to cease; a complex process must set in motion to bring about a change in perceptions and behaviour in all walks of life, especially regarding employment. A key program being implemented by Israel's Prisoner Rehabilitation Authority is one involving an employment guidance and supervision program for paroled prisoners. The program emphasizes employment in all its facets – placement, support during the period of employment and supervision during parole – alongside psychological treatment and rehabilitation in the community. Operating the program are employment supervisors and psychotherapists. In order to understand how the program is managed and perceived by its operators, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven psychotherapists and employment counsellors in the framework of the present qualitative-interpretive research. The article describes the perceptions of the personnel responsible for running the program during the period 2018-2020. The findings of the research highlight the difficulties and limitations the prisoners face, harmony and dissonance in the encounter between supervisors and psychotherapists, the dilemma over protection of society vs. assistance to the prisoners, employment characteristics as indicative of the rehabilitation process, and the merits of the program. The article also discusses the contribution of employment supervision to successful reintegration of paroled prisoners in normative employment and society.
"Judaism Intertwines with Worldly Good": A Qualitative Study on Religious Rehabilitation Programs in the Israeli Prison Service
Authors: Haviv Noam , Shoham Efrat , Hasisi Badi , Weisburd David , Toren-Rozanski Yaara
Published: May 2020

Background: Religion with its religious institutions has played a key role in shaping punishment and rehabilitation of offenders throughout history. The aim of these programs is to transform a person spiritually and lead them to intra-personal changes on the religious level by prompting repentance or the reaffirmation of one's faith.
Objectives: We present qualitative findings from an evaluation of two religious programs operating in the Israeli Prison Service: The Torah Rehabilitation Program (TRP) that functions as a religious community within prison walls, and the Torah Study Program (TSP) in which prisoners participate faith-based studies four hours a day. The main research question that led the researchers was how Judaism provides opportunities for prisoner’s rehabilitation.
Method: This research is a qualitative study that includes seven interviews with seven Rabbis who work in the Israeli Prison Service and lead the religious programs. The interviewees were involved in the formulation and implementation of the religious correctional programs.
Results: The interviewees have raised a link between Jewish beliefs and practices, including atonement, and the foundations of prisoners’ rehabilitation. Among the themes that have been raised: promoting moral action; giving prisoners a second chance; providing opportunities for repentance and atonement; supervision; placing emphasis on behavioral norms; focusing on belonging and commitment to a community; working alongside Torah; learning and providing a unique response to each individual according to their characteristics and needs.
Conclusions: The emerging themes raised in the interviews correspond well with theoretical ideas found in the field of corrections in general and in positive criminology in particular
A Middle Pennsylvanian (early Asturian) tropical dry forest, Atokan-Desmoinesian boundary, Illinois Basin, USA
Authors: Dimichele William A , Bashforth Arden R , Eble Cortland F , Nelson W John
Published: May 2020

Six late Atokan (early Asturian) floras from seasonally dry environments are described and quantitatively analysed from adpressions and palynomorphs. Collections are from the eastern margin of the Illinois Basin, USA, in an 80 km N-S transect. Plant fossils occur in sedimentary rocks below the underclay (paleosol) of the Minshall-Buffaloville Coal Member (thus, not “roof-shale” assemblages), uppermost Brazil Formation. Growth of floras under season dryness is indicated by outcrop and lithological features that suggest deposition in flashy discharge streams, including intraformational conglomerates, plant fossils that cross bedding planes indicating rapid, episodic burial, and local rhythmically laminated sediments. Common charcoal clasts are consistent with seasonal climate. Cordaitalean foliage dominates the macroflora, accompanied by the dryland elements Lesleya sp., Taeniopteris sp. cf. T. multinervia, and Sphenopteridium sp. Two unusual forms of foliage are presumed to be rare or novel dryland species. Small numbers of wetland/periwetland taxa include calamitaleans, Linopteris neuropteroides, Karinopteris/Eusphenopteris sp., marattialean fern foliage, Senftenbergia plumosa, cf. Zeilleria avoldensis and Sphenopteris sp. The palynoflora is dominated by marattialean tree ferns, wetland plants with broad dispersal capacities and environmental tolerances. Subdominant elements also have strong wetland affinities. Palynoflora-macroflora mismatches may reflect primary ecology, palynomorph reworking, or both. The occurrence of these floras near the Atokan-Desmoinesian (~ Bolsovian-Asturian) boundary coincides with an array of physical and geochemical data that indicate change from weak rainfall seasonality to marked seasonality at all phases of glacial-interglacial cycles, reflected prominently in the stratigraphic record from the localities studied.
Fossil micromammals of the early Pliocene locality of Almenara MB: biostratigraphical and palaeoecological implications
Authors: Mansino Samuel , Crespo Vicente D , Lázaro María , Ruiz-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Abella Juan , Montoya Plinio
Published: May 2020

In this work, we have studied the fossil rodent, insectivore and chiropteran faunas, of a new locality from the AlmenaraCasablanca karstic complex, named ACB MB (Castellón, east Spain). We consider an early Ruscinian age for this site, close to the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, and infer warm and relatively humid conditions from the analysis of the micromammal assemblage. We remark the presence of two species of Eliomys in ACB MB, rare in localities of this age, and the lack of any gerbil remains, fossil markers of faunal interchanges between Africa and Europe in the context of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, recorded in the nearby late Miocene site of ACB M
A multi-ootaxic assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous of the Cameros Basin (La Rioja; Northern Spain)
Authors: Moreno-Azanza Miguel , Gasca José Manuel , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio , Bauluz Lázaro Blanca , Canudo Sanagustín José Ignacio , Fernández Arturo , Pérez-Lorente Félix
Published: May 2020

Here we describe the new fossil site of El Horcajo in the vicinity of Trevijano (La Rioja, Spain). It is located in the palustrine facies of the Enciso Group (Cameros Basin). This new locality has provided dozens of eggshell fragments, together with other vertebrate remains and charophyte fructifications, which allow dating of the locality as Valanginian-Hauterivian. Five ootaxa have being recognized: 1) the Spheroolithidae Guegoolithus turolensis; 2) a surprisingly thick Prismatoolithidae indet., with certain affinities to the oogenus Sankofa, that may represent a new oogenus and oospecies for this oofamily; 3) the Krokolithidae Krokolithes sp.; 4) recrystallized ?Testudoolithidae eggshells; and 5) ?Geckoolithidae eggshells of uncertain affinity. This oodiversity is similar to that of other eggshell microsites. The ootaxonomic list differs from the other Iberian locality of the same age, Pochancalo 1 (Villanueva de Huerva Formation, Zaragoza) in lacking sauropod and megalosauroid theropod eggshells, but shares the presence the ornithopod and coelurosaurian theropod eggshells with other younger microsites found in similar facies. The age of the new locality has immediate consequences for the tectono-sedimentary framework of the Cameros Basin, and the new data will need to be considered in future stratigraphical works. Furthermore, the reliability of eggshells as biostratigraphic markers is questioned, and the viability of Guegoolithus as a guide fossil for the lower Barremian is rejected
Analysis of the Iberian Aragonian record of Paleotestudo, and refutation of the validity of the Spanish ‘Testudo catalaunica’ and the French ‘Paleotestudo canetotiana’
Authors: Pérez-García Adán
Published: May 2020

Information about the small Testudinidae taxon or taxa (i.e. with a length less than 30 cm) recorded in the Aragonian of the Iberian Peninsula was, until now, very limited. The references to ‘Paleotestudo catalaunica’ were regarded as possibly the only valid systematic identifications. That species corresponds to a tortoise defined in the Aragonian of Spain (Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona). New material of tortoises, from several Spanish Aragonian regions, is analyzed here. The specimens from the type locality of ‘Paleotestudo catalaunica’ and from other Spanish sites, as well as those from two other European late Aragonian sites (Sansan in France and Hohenhöwen in Germany, where two taxa represented by several specimens were described) are reviewed here. This study refutes the validity of the taxa described in Sant Quirze del Vallès and in Sansan, being recognized as junior synonyms of the German Paleotestudo antiqua. This species is the only one recognized in the Aragonian of Spain
A review of Oligocene and early Miocene European Cricetidae (Mammalia)
Authors: Freudenthal Matthijs , Martín-Suárez Elvira
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the contents of several genera of European Oligocene and early Miocene Cricetidae, their distinguishing characters, and their stratigraphic distribution. The genera discussed are Atavocricetodon, Eucricetodon, Pseudocricetodon, and Allocricetodon. Several groups are distinguished within the genus Eucricetodon and any of these may constitute a separate (sub)genus. Our results also suggest that Atavocricetodon and Eucricetodon should be retained as separated genera. We restrict our analysis to the European forms because we don’t know the Asiatic species
European migration security moral dilemma: case study of migration flows between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Amuhaya Claire Ayuma , Moraru Nicoleta-Florina
Published: May 2020

 Whenever any state’s sovereignty is threatened, its first instinct is to protect itself. In 2015, the European Union was in the spotlight, recording unprecedented numbers of migrants, and as a result, refugee camps deteriorated to deplorable conditions. Illegal migration was perceived as a security threat in Europe, and member-states were forced to take measures that compromise the very foundation of the European Union. Suddenly, their policies were fuelled with anti-immigration sentiments; anti-immigration operations and agreements between the EU and migrants’ countries of origin were conducted and signed, as well as tougher border security policies were put in place, including fences. This resulted in record-low numbers of illegal migration by 2019. This article will analyze European Union’s foreign policy on illegal migration between 2015 and 2019, while underscoring the extreme measures that some states within the EU took to mitigate migration. This research highlights the moral dilemma posed by many Human Rights Organizations, putting into question Europe’s moral compass and values. A conclusion is made that in the matters of security, states are willing to take a moral backseat in order to safeguard its security and position in the global system.
On the coupling of forward and backward slow waves supported by the waveguide configuration of a dielectric sandwiched between two plasma slabs
Authors: Yasin E. , AlKhateeb A. , Rawwagah F. , Abuzir A.
Published: May 2020

We derived a general equation governing the spectra of electrostatic surface plasmons supported by a waveguide structure of two identical plasma slabs separated by a dielectric medium. The plasma slabs are parallel, homogeneous, and have finite thicknesses. The geometry under consideration supports two surface plasmon modes, which we investigated numerically for Polyethylene $\varepsilon_d=2.25$ and vacuum $\varepsilon_d=1$ as central regions. With vacuum as a central region, the two surface plasmon modes become coupled and merge into the well known single mode of quasi-static frequency $\omega=0.707\omega_{\rm p}$. The surface plasmon modes in the presence of a Polyethylene are decoupled and remain nondegenerate over the whole range of $kd$. Therefore, the two plasmon modes propagate independent of each other with distinct quasi-static resonance frequencies, namely, a backward wave with $\omega=0.707\omega_{\rm p}$ corresponding to a single plasma-vacuum interface and a forward wave with $\omega=\frac{\omega_{\rm p}}{\sqrt{3.25}}=0.55\omega_{\rm p}$ corresponding to a single plasma-dielectric interface. Increasing the central region width is found to introduce a delay in reaching the quasi-static resonance frequencies. The effect of collision is to down shift the mode frequencies for long wavelengths and also to down shift the quasi-static frequencies.
La producción del espacio social en Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, México
Authors: Albarrán Sollerio Andrea Aranxa , Osorio García Maribel
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del trabajo es develar la transformación del espacio social en Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, México, a través de la percepción, concepción y vivencia de los actores que han configurado el destino, para reconocer las formas de apropiación y uso que produce el turismo. El modelo teórico se basa en los planteamientos de Henri Lefebvre (1974) y Edward Soja (2008) acerca de la producción del espacio y su trialéctica. Se utilizaron las técnicas de observación no participante, revisión de documentos de archivos, encuesta a 233 turistas y 43 entrevistas a personas clave y residentes. A través de la información obtenida, se identificó que el espacio de Playa del Carmen ha sido apropiado con fines de acumulación del capital, fragmentando a la ciudad y creando fronteras de clase tanto simbólicas como físicas. Su crecimiento poblacional ha generado un incontrolado crecimiento urbano, que ha derivado en problemas sociales generando un desarraigo de los sujetos sociales al espacio.
Saturação e Rejeição ao Turismo nas Destinações Turísticas
Authors: Beni Mario Carlos
Published: May 2020

O Turismo é um fenômeno multi, inter e transdisciplinar na sua formação superior e na gestão pública. Além dessas características, temos que considerar ainda a transversalidade e a intersetorialidade. Em virtude dessas características, mudanças ocorrem continuamente, quer sejam no comportamento dos turistas quer sejam com os residentes locais. Nesta última década, nos defrontamos com dois novos e desafiantes problemas: a saturação e a rejeição ao turismo nas destinações turísticas. É sobre este assunto preocupante que iremos tratar neste artigo.
Level of Information Accessibility and Adoption of Improved Irish Potato Production Technologies by Farmers in the Northern Agricultural Zone of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Salau E. S. , Darason Y. M. , Girei A. A.
Published: May 2020

The study assessed sources of information and Level of Adoption of recommended Irish Potato Production Technologies by Small Scale Farmers in the Northern Agricultural Zone of Plateau state. The multistage sampling procedure was used to draw 150 farmers as study sample. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics used were percentages, mean scores and ranking while the inferential statistics were multiple linear regression models. Results showed that the major sources of information used by farmers were; from Co-farmers, friends/relations (100%) which ranked (1st), extension agents (98.0%) ranked 2nd and mobile phone (58.0%) ranked 3rd. The result of level of adoption revealed that 98.0% adopted cold room system technique, 96.7% adopted the use of herbicides for weeding and 94.0% adopted the fungicide application technique. The factors limiting the adoption of recommended Irish potato production technologies in the study area ranked in order of severity includes; high incidence of pests and diseases  (91.3%)  ranked 1st, lack of clean and certified seeds (89.3%) ranking 2nd, high cost of fertilizers and herbicides represented 88.7% and ranked 3rd. The farmers were found to engage in high level of adoption of recommended Irish potato production technologies like; Cold room system, use of herbicides for weeding and fungicide application among many other technologies. It was recommended that farmers in the study area should be assisted by the government and relevant stakeholders in the control of pests and diseases, provision of clean and certified seeds at affordable rate and subsidizing of fertilizers and herbicides.
Comparative Evaluation on Tannase Production by Lasiodiplodia plurivora ACN-10 under Submerged Fermentation (SmF) and Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
Authors: Ire Francis Sopuruchukwu , Nwanguma Adaugo Chinwendu
Published: May 2020

Aim: Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.20) catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds from complex hydrolysable tannins with the production of gallic acid and glucose and possess broad applications in biotechnology. This study is aimed at the production of tannase by Lasiodiplodia plurivora ACN-10 in SmF and SSF using Terminalia cattapa (almond leaves) and Magnifera indica (mango leaves) as substrates.

Study Design: The design adopted to evaluate the production of tannase is submerged (SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentation.

Study Area: Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos State Nigeria.

Methodology: Fifteen different soil samples were indiscriminately collected within Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria and were inoculated on PDA plates at 30°C for 3-5 days. A total of 30 isolates was screened on Czapek dox minimal agar incorporated with 1% tannic acid and plates were incubated for 96 h at 30°C. Fungal isolates which were able to disintegrate tannic acid produced a clear halo zone around the colony diameter and were selected to be positive for tannase activity. The best isolate was identified based on its morphological, microscopic and molecular characteristics. Thereafter production and extraction of tannase was carried out in SmF for 0-120 h and in SSF for 0-144 h using Terminalia cattapa (Almond leaves) and Magnifera indica (Mango leaves) as substrates.

Results: The total fungal count ranged from 1.0×104 to 3.5×105 CFU/g. A total of 30 fungal isolates produced clear halo zones (ranging from 20 to 70 mm) around the colonies during the screening with tannic acid. Isolate ACN-10, which showed the highest tannic degradation was identified based on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. On the basis of 18S rRNA gene sequence studies, the isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia plurivora strain ACN-10 and the sequence was submitted to the Genbank with the accession number: MG250374. Results obtained in this study indicated that both substrates can be used by the isolate for tannase production in both SmF and SSF. The result of our investigation on the use of Terminalia cattapa (almond leaves) and Magnifera indica (mango leaves) as substrates for tannase production showed that optimum yield (6.064 U/ml) was obtained at 120 h in SSF while optimum production (4.623 U/ml) was observed in SmF at 96 h using Terminalia cattapa as substrate.

Conclusion: Results obtained from this study indicated higher tannase production in solid-state fermentation compared to submerged fermentation. This is the first report to the best of our knowledge that Lasiodiplodia plurivora strain is implicated in tannase secretion. The result also demonstrated high production of extracellular tannases from low cost substrates which can be optimized and scaled up for industrial processes.
Food Habits Study of Cultured Nilem Fish (Osteochilus hasselti C.V.) on Minapaddy at Agriculture Area of Talagasari Village, Kadungora District, Garut Regency and Indonesia
Authors: Munfaridzi Haikal , Hasan Zahidah , Lili Walim , Herawati Heti
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted in May 2018 until September 2018, aimed at analyzing the eating habits of nilem fish which are kept in the waters of CV Agri Insan Mandiri, Tegalsari Village, Kadungora District, Garut Regency, West Java. The research method used was purposive sampling for sampling water quality and plankton abundance, as well as simple random sampling method for sampling nilem fish as a data source for eating habits. Data on mineral content in dissolved soil and minerals in the waters is used as supporting data that determines the presence of natural feed. Based on the results of this research, it was found that in the Minapaddy waters found 7 phyla including Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta and Rodophyta. Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta are the most common phyla. Natural feeds favored by nilem fish come from Bacillariophyta with a total of 10 genera, while those that are not favored come from Euglenophyta with 2 genus. The composition of dissolved minerals Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Iron (Fe) and Silica (Si) exceeds the normal requirements for phytoplankton, especially Bacillariophyta, so that the abundance of plankton is comparable to Euglenophyta which is not utilized by nilem.
Integrated Disease Management of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Sahni Sangita , Prasad Bishun Deo
Published: May 2020

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri( Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. It is an important soil borne plant pathogen and is difficult to manage by application of chemical pesticides. Moreover, the chemical control is costly and leads to residual effect. A plethora of reports indictes the efforts made to reduce environmental effects and rationalize the use of pesticides and manage the pathogen more effectively through Integration of Disease Management (IDM). Application of soil amendments and specific bio-control agents also incorporated in IDM which has potential to suppress soil-borne pathogens through manipulation of the physicochemical and microbiological environment. Therefore, IDM approach for controlling chickpea Fusarium wilt might be a cost effective and eco-friendly approach.
Estrogen receptor α promotes lung cancer cell invasion via increase of and cross‐talk with infiltrated macrophages through the CCL2/CCR2/MMP9 and CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways
Authors: He Miao , Yu Weiwei , Chang Chawnshang , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Liu Xiaohong , Jiang Ke , Yeh Shuyuan
Published: May 2020

Data analysis of clinical samples suggests that higher estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression could be associated with worse overall survival in some patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunofluorescence results further showed that higher ERα expression was linked to larger numbers of infiltrated macrophages in NSCLC tissues. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Results from in vitro studies with multiple cell lines revealed that, in NSCLC cells, ERα can activate the CCL2/CCR2 axis to promote macrophage infiltration, M2 polarization, and MMP9 production, which can then increase NSCLC cell invasion. Mechanistic studies using chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter luciferase assays demonstrated that ERα could bind to estrogen response elements (EREs) on the CCL2 promoter to increase CCL2 expression. Furthermore, ERα‐increased macrophage infiltration can induce a positive feedback mechanism to increase lung cancer cell ERα expression via the up‐regulation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway. Targeting these newly identified pathways, NSCLC ERα‐increased macrophage infiltration or the macrophage‐to‐NSCLC CXCL12/CXCR4/ERα signal, with anti‐estrogens or CCR2/CXCR4 antagonists, may help in the development of new alternative therapies to better treat NSCLC.
Many left to wonder if virtual support is shortchanging the group dynamic
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2020

At a time when the most time‐honored component of addiction recovery support has had to suspend traditional operations and establish connection in a new way, leaders have become keenly interested in whether virtual recovery meetings can duplicate the meaningful interaction of the in‐person group. It could take years to see sound data that illustrates the precise impact of virtual support groups, but anecdotal information suggests some challenges and a few bright spots.
ABCD study funded for at least seven more years
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2020

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study supported by the National Institutes of Health has received almost $290 million in new funding for seven years, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) announced last week. The study, launched in 2015 (see “First 13 grants awarded in NIDA‐NIAAA teen study,” ADAW Oct. 5, 2015; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adaw.30343), is following almost 12,000 children for at least 10 years, beginning at the age of 9 or 10. The new funding will go to the University of California, San Diego, for a coordinating center and data informatics center, as well as to the project sites where children are assessed.
Probing Selectivity and Creating Structural Diversity Through Hybrid Polyketide Synthases
Authors: Koch Aaron A. , Schmidt Jennifer J. , Lowell Andrew N. , Hansen Douglas A. , Coburn Katherine M. , Chemler Joseph A. , Sherman David H.
Published: May 2020

Engineering polyketide synthases (PKS) to produce new metabolites requires an understanding of catalytic points of failure during substrate processing. Growing evidence indicates the thioesterase (TE) domain as a significant bottleneck within engineered PKS systems. We created a series of hybrid PKS modules bearing exchanged TE domains from heterologous pathways and challenged them with both native and non‐native polyketide substrates. Reactions pairing wildtype PKS modules with non‐native substrates primarily resulted in poor conversions to anticipated macrolactones. Likewise, product formation with native substrates and hybrid PKS modules bearing non‐cognate TE domains was severely reduced. In contrast, non‐native substrates were converted by most hybrid modules containing a substrate compatible TE, directly implicating this domain as the major catalytic gatekeeper and highlighting its value as a target for protein engineering to improve analog production in PKS pathways.
Imine Gels Based on Ferrocene and Porphyrin and Their Electrocatalytic Property
Authors: Cai Guangmei , Zeng Lihua , He Lanqi , Sun Shujian , Tong Yexiang , Zhang Jianyong
Published: May 2020

A series of porphyrin‐based imine gels have been synthesized via dynamic covalent gelation between 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐aminophenyl)‐21H,23H‐porphyrin (H2TAPP) derivatives and various aldehyde compounds. The porphyrin‐ferrocene imine gels based on MTAPP (M=H2, Ni2+, Co2+, Pd2+ and Zn2+) and ferrocene‐1,1′‐dicarbaldehyde (NA) display efficient HER, OER and ORR activities in alkaline media. Among the gels, CoTAPP‐NA shows an HER current density of 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotential of 470 mV and small Tafel slope of 110 mV decade−1 in alkaline media. CoTAPP‐NA also exhibits OER catalytic activity with low overpotential (416 mV for 10 mA cm−2). CoTAPP‐NA shows ability in overall water splitting in alkaline media. In addition, CoTAPP‐NA exhibits onset potential (Ep) of 0.95 V and half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.84 V in 1.0 mol L−1 KOH solution for oxygen reduction. Moreover, the gel catalyst shows good stability.
Abnormal Gait Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Correlations with Social Impairments
Authors: Gong Linlin , Liu Yajie , Yi Li , Fang Jing , Yang Yisheng , Wei Kunlin
Published: May 2020

Ground walking in humans is typically stable, symmetrical, characterized by smooth heel‐to‐toe ground contact. Previous studies on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identified various gait abnormalities. However, they produced inconsistent findings, particularly for the occurrence of toe walking and gait symmetry between feet, owing to their reliance on retrospective reports, visual analysis of videos, or kinematic analysis of the gait. The present study examined gait functions in children with ASD using plantar pressure that quantified foot–ground interaction with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Fifty‐eight 4–6‐year‐old children with ASD (12 low‐functioning and 46 high‐functioning autism) and 28 age‐matched typically developed children walked straight 6 m at their preferred speed for 10 repetitions. We found that both ASD groups walked with more flat‐footed contact pattern, more left–right asymmetry, and larger step‐to‐step variability than their controls. Furthermore, these abnormal gait characteristics were related to social impairments measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsive Scale, supporting a close association between impaired motor coordination and core symptoms of autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1215‐1226. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

We examined gait functions among children with autism by measuring their foot plantar pressure during simple straight walking. Children with ASD walked with a characteristic foot‐ground contact pattern with inappropriate contact forces and large step‐to‐step variability when compared with their age‐matched controls. These walking abnormalities were dependent on their social impairments but independent from their intelligence, indicating a close relationship between atypical motor coordination and core symptoms of autism.