bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waste heat recovery using thermally responsive ionic liquids through TiO2 nanopore and macroscopic membranes
Authors: Pascual Marc , Chapuis Nicolas , Abdelghani-Idrissi Soufiane , Jullien Marie-Caroline , Siria Alessandro , Bocquet Lydéric
Published: August 2023

Waste heat is the untapped heat produced by a thermodynamic process. It is usually released in the surrounding environment without any valorization. Entropic harvesting of phase-changing liquids across TiO2 membrane via diffusio-osmotic transport of ions is demonstrated.
Chitosan: a green adhesive for surface functionalization and fabrication of thermoplastic biomedical microdevices
Authors: Trinh Kieu The Loan , Thai Duc Anh , Yang Da Hyun , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: August 2023

A green chitosan adhesive was introduced for the robust bonding of thermoplastic microfluidic devices for biomedical applications. The biocompatible chitosan supported stable cell culture and promoted DNA purification for point-of-care testing.
Atomic insights into thickness-dependent deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of Ag/PMMA ultra-thin nanofilms
Authors: Lin Gaojian , Gao Wenpeng , Chen Pengwan , Sun Weifu , Chizhik Sergei A. , Makhaniok Alexander A. , Melnikova Galina B. , Kuznetsova Tatiana A.
Published: August 2023

MD simulations of nanoindentation on bilayer composite films (Ag as the upper layer and PMMA as the lower layer) supported by an Si substrate were performed in order to determine the Young's moduli and deformation mechanisms of the composite films.
Optical excitations of graphene-like materials: group III-nitrides
Authors: Han Nguyen Thi , Dien Vo Khuong , Chang Tay-Rong , Lin Ming-Fa
Published: August 2023

By using first-principles calculations, we have studied the electronic and optical characteristics of group III-nitrides, such as BN, AlN, GaN, and InN monolayers.
Preparation and properties of biocompatible and injectable hydrogels for bladder cancer drug delivery
Authors: Deng Xueliang , Li Dangwei , Chen Lemin , Yu Zihan , Qiu Jingping , Liang Xin , Huang Ting , Lan Jue , Qiu Rongmin , Jiang Linbin
Published: August 2023

An injectable hydrogel was successfully prepared for bladder cancer drug delivery.
Synthesis and a TD-DFT study of a series of novel 3-imidazolyl-substituted coumarin molecules with large Stokes shifts
Authors: Zhou Zichun , Zheng Anna , Wang Minzhe , Cui Yanhong , Xu Yongqian , Li Hongjuan , Li Yujin , Sun Shiguo
Published: August 2023

3-Imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine coumarin 3 with four different substituents were synthesised from salicylic aldehyde derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate and 2-aminopyridine, and exhibited strong blue fluorescence in non-polar solutions and large Stokes shifts (184–210 nm) in polar solutions.
Visual and ratiometric fluorescent probe via an intramolecular charge transfer for detection of a nerve agent simulant in solutions and in the gas phase
Authors: Karak Anirban , Banerjee Shilpita , Halder Satyajit , Mandal Moumi , Banik Dipanjan , Maiti Anwesha , Jana Kuladip , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: August 2023

A simple two-step synthesis was done to make a probe PPID for rapid detection of DCP in the solution and vapor phase. The mechanism involved in the sensing was enhanced ICT.
The value of the ‘Science and Economic Development’ Parliamentary Links Day 2023
Authors: Upton Calum
Published: August 2023

Potential impact is an important driver in the career choices and journeys of many. There have even been organizations set up to help people make career decisions that can boost their global impact, such as ‘80000hours.org’. Impact has always been an important motivator for me in my decisions; however, I often find myself feeling helpless to make a significant impact through my research. Informing policymaking is an activity where scientists can use their expertise to have a beneficial impact, but how to engage with policymakers can be unclear. This is why I was so excited to have been invited to attend the Royal Society of Biology’s 2023 Parliamentary Links Day on Science and Economic Development. ‘The best way to make an impact is to join scientific advisory councils and panels” was the most important recommendation I took home with me following the event; advice which helped me walk away with more clarity on how I can be impactful.
Sixty years of the Colworth Medal
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: August 2023

The Colworth Medal is an esteemed annual award for outstanding research by a young biochemist of any nationality who has carried out the majority of their work in the UK or the Republic of Ireland. Donated in 1963 by Unilever Research Colworth Laboratory, the award is made to an early career scientist who is within 10 years of receiving their highest qualification. Interviews with past winners from 1963 to 2013 were previously published throughout 2013. To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Colworth Medal, interviews with our latest winners will appear in The Biochemist throughout 2023. In this issue, we will hear from Professor Stephan Uphoff (2020) and Dr Giulia Zanetti (2021).
Acceptability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus: A Study With Veterans and Nonveterans
Authors: Rodriguez Chavez R. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Rodebaugh Thomas L.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a gold standard yet underutilized treatment for tinnitus, and tinnitus is especially highly prevalent among veterans. The aims of this study were twofold: to determine (a) if CBT for tinnitus is underutilized because participants find it less acceptable than other behavioral treatments for tinnitus and (b) if veterans and nonveterans rate behavioral treatments for tinnitus differently.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted online with a sample of 277 adults in the United States who self-reported at least some level of bothersome tinnitus in the past week. The sample for this study consisted of 129 veterans and 148 nonveterans. Participants read descriptions of CBT, tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). For each treatment, presented to them in random order, they provided credibility, expectancy, and acceptability ratings.

Results:

Among 277 participants, 147 (53.07%) reporting gender were women, 216 (77.98%) reporting race/ethnicity were White, and 129 (46.57%) were veterans of any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. Veteran ratings of credibility, expectancy, and acceptability were significantly lower than nonveteran ratings across treatments. There were differences in credibility, expectancy, and acceptability ratings across treatments, and post hoc testing revealed that TRT was consistently rated higher than CBT or MBSR.

Conclusions:

Despite strong research support, CBT was rated as less acceptable than a different, less widely empirically supported treatment. Veterans' ratings of acceptability were lower than those of nonveterans across all treatments.
Development of biotechnology of gluten-free bakery products using whey
Authors: Shcherbakova Nadezhda , Dmitrienko Tatiana
Published: August 2023

Currently, due to the acute shortage of natural dairy products, an urgent problem is the rational use of secondary dairy raw materials in the conditions of industrial milk processing. The article provides an overview of the recipe for gluten-free bread on whey, as an example of its secondary use.
An in vitro anther culture method for creating rice dihaploids resistant to prolonged flooding
Authors: Kalinina Natalia , Kostylev Pavel
Published: August 2023

An assessment was made of the possibility of obtaining dihaploids by the method of anther culture in vitro to accelerate breeding for resistance to prolonged flooding of rice with water. The object of the study is F2 rice hybrids of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy” (ARC “Donskoy”) rice breeding and seed laboratory, obtained by crossing the best varieties in terms of economically valuable traits with samples carrying genes for resistance to prolonged flooding with water. Basic nutrient media with the optimal composition of nutrients and growth hormones that stimulate callus and morphogenesis were used. Cultivation of anthers revealed large genotypic differences between the samples. In terms of responsiveness to neoplasms, 1/3 of the number of plants showed a positive result, the rest did not give calli. The most responsive to the formation of calli were hybrid combinations: 5009/2 – 84 pcs., 5010/2 – 94 pcs., 4565/3 –85 pcs., 4641/2 – 69 pcs. They also showed the ability to morphogenesis. Androgenic plants were obtained from 13 hybrid combinations, their share was 1.03% of the total number of inoculated anthers. 30 green regenerated lines were obtained from four rice hybrids, differing in visual morphological assessment: 5009/2 – 5 pcs., 5010/2 – 5 pcs., 4565/3 – 2 pcs., 4641/2 – 18 pcs. The isolated lines are characterized by good responsiveness in anther culture in vitro, carry genes for resistance to prolonged flooding, and can be used in rice breeding programs using DG technologies.
The use of biologically active additives of plant origin in sausage production
Authors: Alekseev Andrey , Krotova Olga , Tupolskikh Tatiana , Gucheva Natalia , Skoba Tatiana , Trofimenko Ivan
Published: August 2023

Food additives that allow regulating functional and technological properties, providing qualitative and quantitative characteristics of finished products are essential in meat technologies. Flax seed processing products, due to the high concentration of functionally valuable components and pronounced technological properties of protein and polysaccharides, are an ideal component for replacing meat raw materials in sausage products. The purpose of the work is to develop the technology of meat products enriched with biologically active additives of plant origin based on flax seeds. The theoretical part of the research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Food Technologies of DonGAU, the development of experimental batches of products was carried out in the production conditions of LLC “Meat Processing Plant”, Razvilnoye village, Peschanokopsky district, Rostov region. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of using flax seeds as a protein additive in sausage production technology. It has been established that the introduction of flax seed additives into the formulations of meat products improves the organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of finished products. The prototypes were distinguished by a more delicate consistency and higher uniformity of minced meat on the cut, an increase in the mass fraction of protein and a decrease in the proportion of fat were also noted.
Results of the development of the integrated evaluation of the winter barley breeding identifiers
Authors: Khlystunov Viktor , Kopteva Nina , Filippov Yevgeny , Udintsova Nadezhda
Published: August 2023

Comparative analysis of the created breeding samples is essentially a multi-criteria task, since they are evaluated by dozens of features (identifiers). So, wheat has 66, barley – 63, peas – 88, sorghum – 49, corn – 63, etc. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of features (identifiers) of winter barley breeding. The object of research is a statistical array of rank values of identifiers based on the results of their expert evaluation. A rank assessment was made of 27 winter barley identifiers, which form the basis of the variety passport and reflect morphological descriptors of traits, biological properties, disease resistance, yield, crop structure, chemical composition, technological qualities of the main product, and economic use. As a result of structuring the totality of statistical material, 14 significant and 8 insignificant features were identified, forming 69% and 25% of the identifier, respectively, in terms of rank weight. A scale of 100 points was established for the reference sample of the winter barley variety (Timofey of the ARC Donskoy breeding) for significant (C) and a set of significant and unimportant identifiers (CMC). The complex indicator was calculated as the sum of points for compared varieties Zhiguli, Vivat, Yerema, Marusya of the ANC “Donskoy” selection, taking into account the weighted share of their respective characteristics in digitized form relative to the characteristics of the reference sample. It has been established that it is sufficient to carry out a comparative assessment of various varieties of winter barley by significant identifiers, since the discrepancy between numerical indicators for C and CMC identifiers did not exceed 2.36%.
Design of a structurally optimized bioinspired structural arrangement of а polymer composite regional aircraft tail fin
Authors: Baranovski S. V. , Yar Lin Zay
Published: August 2023

Aircraft frame elements are highly responsible elements. They are subject to stringent requirements for strength, stability, resource. Often these requirements contradict each other, especially if it is necessary to ensure the minimum mass of the product. However, it is necessary to improve the characteristics of aircraft. Nevertheless, the optimization of the frame has almost exhausted itself. The power frame consists of longitudinal and transverse elements. It is possible to improve the characteristics of structural arrangement by using polymer composite materials based on glass and carbon fibers. This will improve the design characteristics due to high specific properties. In addition, one of the directions is the development of new bioinspired structural layout based on natural analogues. The work is devoted to the actual task of searching and choosing new structural arrangement for the aircraft tail. The paper considers five variants of structural layout, including the classical original design. The advantage of the bioinspired variant in terms of mass and displacement is shown.
Design of a structurally optimized bioinspired structural arrangement of a polymer composite wing
Authors: Baranovski S. V. , Thet Zin Myo
Published: August 2023

Developing trends in designing and manufacturing products made of polymer composite materials allow us to create previously unattainable structures. These include bioinspired structural layouts inspired by objects of nature, for example, the wings of insects, plants, and others. In turn, the structural layout of the wings of aircraft has reached its limit in terms of optimization in its classic form. The work is devoted to an urgent task –the choice of a bioinspired layout for an aircraft wing. A comparison of classic structural arrangement with a bioinspired structure is carried out. The total number of options considered is 14. The structure of the bioinspired wing was chosen based on the action of the load and stress distribution according to the results of preliminary calculations inspired by insect wings. The advantage of wings of a bioinspired design over classical ones by weight up to 32% is shown. The results of the initial stage of studies of bioinspired wings are presented.
Simulation of the processes of plasma modification and vacuum metallization of polymer materials by the method of molecular dynamics
Authors: Timoshina Y. A. , Voznesensky E. F. , Karnoukhov A. E. , Zheltukhin V. S. , Teptina A. I.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of the development of molecular dynamics models of modifications of polypropylene (PP) material in the plasma of a radio-frequency (RF) discharge and a copper coating deposit by magnetron sputtering on the surface of a polyethylene (PE) material. The model of the RF plasma modification process describes changes in the surface layers of the PP material upon interaction with low-energy plasma ions: the nature of the breaking of covalent bonds in macromolecules, the chemical composition of sputtered particles, and changes in the ordering of the supramolecular structure. The model of the vacuum metallization process describes the processes of the introduction of metal atoms into the polymer structure, the change in the conformation of macromolecules, the formation of macroradicals with uncompensated chemical bonds, and the formation of an interfacial layer between the polymer and the metal coating.
Magnetism and magnetic phase transition in nanowires of diamagnetically diluted superstrong magnets ε-InxFe1-xO3
Authors: Dmitriev A. I. , Dmitrieva M. S.
Published: August 2023

The temperature dependences of magnetization of ordered arrays of diamagnetically diluted nanoparticles of superstrong ε-InxFe1-xO3 magnets (x = 0.04, 0.24) in cooling and heating mode in the permanent magnetic fields of different strengths -strong and weak compared to the magnetic anisotropy field -were measured. At temperatures of 150 K for x = 0.04 and 190 K for x = 0.24 a sharp drop in their magnetization is observed, practically to zero. Obtained evidence that the observed magnetic phase transition is accompanied by overturning of magnetization due to spin-reorientation transition of the first kind. The experimental results are described within the magnetodynamic and thermodynamic approaches.
Electromagnetic properties of composite filaments with ferromagnetic fillers for 3D printing
Authors: Vertoprakhov I. A. , Kuleshov G. E. , Yelyasov A. N. , Bad’in A. V.
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of composite materials based on the polymer acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ACA) and filler M-type hexaferrite (BaFe12O19). The results of X-ray diffractometry of hexaferrite powder are presented. The porosity of the obtained composite filament samples was studied. After 9 extrusion cycles, the porosity is reduced to less than 1%. In the EHF range, the transmission coefficient through a sample of a composite material was measured. A sharp decrease in the transmission coefficient is observed in the frequency range from 42 to 55 GHz, which is due to the natural ferromagnetic resonance in BaFe12O19 hexaferrite.
Kinetics of diffusion interaction in the Ti-NiCr system layered composites
Authors: Bogdanov Artem , Kulevich Vitaliy , Shmorgun Victor , Kamalov Emil
Published: August 2023

The results of investigation of the diffusion interaction kinetics at the boundary of explosion welded Ti-NiCr system compositions during heat treatment are presented. The structure, chemical and phase composition of the formed diffusion zones are also studied. It is shown that the layered diffusion zone is formed at a temperature below the eutectoid transformation. Diffusion zone consists of solid solutions based on Ti2Ni, TiNi, and TiNi3 intermetallic compounds, as well as chromium-based solid solution inclusions along the boundary with the NiCr alloy. An increase in temperature above the eutectoid transformation leads to an intensification of the growth of the diffusion zone and the diffusion of nickel into the titanium alloy with the formation of a eutectoid structure in it. The use of alloyed titanium alloys instead of commercially pure titanium does not affect the phase composition of the formed diffusion zones, but slows down the diffusion processes.
New superstructural thermoplastics and carbon composite materials based on them
Authors: Storozhuk I. P. , Simachev A. D. , Bulkatov D. P. , Filatova E. V. , Leshtaev A. I. , Ivankov R. R. , Buryakov V. S. , Borodulin A. S.
Published: August 2023

New superconstructional polyarylates with glass transition temperatures from 216 to 280°C and polyethersulfones with glass transition temperatures from 230 to 255°C have been developed. On the basis of these polymers, industrial polysulfone PSFF-30, PSF-150, polyethersulfone E-3010, polyetherimide Ultem 1000, PEEK and PEKK, and two types of carbon fabrics, thermoplastic prepregs and consolidated carbon composite plates were obtained, and their mechanical properties under compression and three-point bending were determined.
The order of morpheme acquisition in uzbek language (examples of chinese students who learning Uzbek as a second language)
Authors: Azimova I. A. , Mavlonova K. M. , Saidaxmedova O. I. , Atamuratov R. K. , Abdullayeva O.
Published: August 2023

The process of acquiring morphemes is one of the most interesting issues in psycholinguistics. Language acquisition is related to the first language and explains a certain order of acquisition of sounds, words, grammatical signs, sentence structure. This procedure serves as a basis for learning the language as a foreign language. The article shows how the hypothesis of natural order works in the Uzbek language, that is, an experiment was conducted on the acquisition of a certain morpheme earlier than other morphemes in the systematic acquisition of grammatical forms in the Uzbek language. It shows that an experiment was conducted with 14 Chinese language learners studying Uzbek as a foreign language. Experiments were conducted in China, in an environment where Uzbek is not the native language, and the results were generalized. The participants of the experiment were asked to put the necessary morpheme in the blank spaces and to translate the given sentences from Chinese to Uzbek, and to evaluate the experiment carried out by them. From the obtained result, the order of accuracy level of grammatical additions in Uzbek was determined and compared with the order of morphemes obtained in the acquisition of Uzbek as a first language.
Development of an information system for organizing and managing the educational process based on smart technologies
Authors: Elov B. B. , Primova M.H.
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the concept of business processes that are widely used in the educational process -the structure of the learning process management system (SMART LMS) and the implementation of part of the system in SMART LMS. When developing an LMS information system, it is necessary to formulate the concepts and principles of the learning process management system. The LMS concept demonstrates the strategic solutions that need to be addressed in higher education. Through the principles of LMS, the concept of LMS is defined using modern educational technologies. Through SMART LMS, all business processes in higher education activities are carried out transparently and SMART LMS has become a decision-making tool. A single management system is formed through the principle of mutual integration of LMS integrated systems. According to this principle, additional and other management systems of the university information environment should be integrated with existing systems and mutual information exchange should be organized.
The pipeline processing of NLP
Authors: Elov B. B. , Khamroeva Sh. M. , Xusainova Z. Y.
Published: August 2023

The problem of NLP should be divided into several small parts and solved step by step. In this article, where NLP is necessary at every stage of solving the problem, all forms of text processing are considered. The step-by-step text processing is called a pipeline process in NLP. When creating any NLP model, the pipeline process is a sequence of steps that must be carried out. The planning and development of the text processing is considered as the starting point for the creation of any NLP project. This article discusses the steps involved in implementing a pipeline process and their role in solving NLP tasks. This article analyzed the most common preliminary processing steps on the NLP processing pipeline. All processing stages are pre-trained in various NLP libraries, identified as usable models. If necessary, additional, modified preprocessing steps can be developed depending on the given problem condition. One can determine how a particular initial processing stage serves a given NLP problem by many experimentations.
Comparative analysis of methods of introducing fine perlite into cement composition
Authors: Kozlova Irina , Zemskova Olga , Lekanov Nikita , Gavryutin Daniil
Published: August 2023

The article presents a comparative analysis of the methods of introducing fine perlite into the the cement systems. The first method is dry mixing of the additive with cement, followed by mixing with water with a polycarboxylate plasticizer. The second method is based on mixing cement powder with a stabilized suspension of finely dispersed perlite instead of mixing water. Before the introduction of a fine perlite suspension into the cement, studies of its aggregation and sedimentation stability were carried out. It was found that suspensions with 1-3% of perlite and 0.3-0.5% of polycarboxylate plasticizer after ultrasonic processing, have the greatest aggregation and sedimentation stability. There is an increase in the compressive strength of modified samples by more than 2 times at 1 day age and by 56% at 28 days age compared with non-modified cement. When compared with a sample with polycarboxylate plasticizer, there is an increase in the strength of the modified sample by 47% at 1 day age and by 19% at the at 28 days age. Thus, a comparative analysis showed that the method of obtaining a stabilized perlite suspension using an integrated approach and its introduction into the cement composition instead of mixing water, allows to obtain higher mechanical parameters.
Adsorption energetics of benzene vapors on activated adsorbent based on glycyrrhiza glabra root extract residues
Authors: Djumanova Ziyada , Abdurakhmonov Eldor
Published: August 2023

Glycyrrhiza glabra root plant is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry to obtain drugs. However, one of the important tasks is to obtain coal adsorbents with effective use of the remaining residues. We will have the opportunity to determine the full thermodynamic properties of the activated carbon adsorbent enriched with additional substances from the residues of the licorice root and to fully determine the adsorption properties of the obtained porous coal adsorbents using capillary and volumetric methods in a high-vacuum adsorption device and a high-sensitivity DAK 1-1 calorimetric apparatus. By determining the benzene adsorption isotherm, differential heat, entropy and equilibrium time of the obtained coal, the adsorption capacity of the new adsorbent, the location of the active centers, and the pore sizes can be described in detail.
Qualitative and quantitative indicators of coked products, sorption characteristics
Authors: Abdurakhmonov Abror , Khamidov Bosit , Dekhkanov Sardor , Abdullayeva Marg`uba , Khamidov Shavkat , Abdunazarov Ahliddin
Published: August 2023

Coke is a by-product of petroleum. Currently, petroleum coke is mainly used in the metallurgical industry. However, due to the large amount of carbon in its composition, obtaining a carbon adsorbent from coke is one of the important tasks. Due to its structural and mechanical strength, the production and industrial use of carbon sorbent from coke is important. Especially carbon adsorbents with micro-, meso-and macropores can be used in the regeneration of oils used in various industries. It improves the physicochemical properties of industrial and engine oils.
The role of additive manufacturing in the investment casting process
Authors: Ripetskiy A.V. , Khotina G.K. , Arkhipova O.V.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to systematically describe the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies used for various casting technologies and how rapid investment casting (RIC) is changing the field of casting. The capability and effectiveness of additive manufacturing to provide investment casting production solutions has been investigated. The traditional investment casting method is less efficient in terms of cost and time to develop new wax models of solid tooling for low volume production or prototypes. To overcome this problem, it is proposed to introduce additive manufacturing to these processes to produce investment casting models. This paper discusses specific applications of rapid prototyping in this area. The study concluded that the use of additive manufacturing for investment casting instead of the traditional method is more cost- and time-efficient. Terms and designations: RP – Rapid Prototyping, IC, RIC –(Rapid) Investment Casting, PM – Project Manager, AT – Additive technologies, AM – Additive manufacturing
Digital skills supply and demand on the Russia regional labor markets
Authors: Gurieva Lira , Dzhioev Aleksandr
Published: August 2023

The digital transformation has a significant impact on labor resources development, leading to a change in the skills types that are in demand and offered in the labor market. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of the Russian economy, the digital skills of the population in different regions have significant differences, which acts as a limitation of labor mobility, reduces the efficiency of using human potential and requires the development of inclusive regulatory measures. The study purpose is to assess the current spatial differentiation of the digital skills of the workforce, the ratio of their market demand and supply, as well as to propose appropriate measures to improve the efficiency of the regional labor market. A quantitative assessment of the demand of employers for workforce digital competencies in the regional labor markets was obtained on the basis of an analysis of the requirements for applicants presented in the unified database of vacancies in Russia, their further automated processing and ranking. The corresponding quantitative assessment of the market supply of digital competencies of the workforce was obtained using the hierarchical data clustering. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification the imbalance between the level of workforce digital skills development in Russian regions and the needs of regional labor markets. The practical significance of the study results lies in substantiating the policy of workforce digital skills inclusive development for each region, which should include corporate strategies for the development of digital competencies of both employed workers and potential job seekers.
Comparative analysis of artificial and natural plantations in the Kurdjipsky subdivision of Maikop forest area in Republic of Adygea
Authors: Kulakova E. N.
Published: August 2023

The Republic of Adygea is one of the southern entities located in the northwestern part of the North Caucasus. The northern part of the republic stretches across the Kuban lowlands and the southern part along the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Climatic conditions are favourable for the growth of heat-loving woody and shrub vegetation. The area covered by forests is 285.7 thousand hectares, including 278.4 thousand hectares covered by forests. The forests of the republic are distributed unevenly; most of the forests are concentrated in the piedmont and mountainous areas. The main forest-forming species are oriental beech and English oak. The forests of the Republic have an important water and soil protection function. The area of forests is insignificant, more widespread are forest shelter belts and boles scattered among the fields, often confined to river valleys, reservoirs, and low-lying places. Plantings include English oak, common ash, Caucasian hornbeam, field maple, poplar, willow, grey alder and black alder. Plantations located in forest shelter belts perform water protection, water protection, sanitary-hygienic, and aesthetic functions [1]. The work provides a comparative analysis of plantations of natural and artificial origin of the same age, growing in the same forest and vegetation conditions.
Mathematical description of birch bark impregnation and heating process of birch bark with toluene
Authors: Safina Albina , Nazipova Leysan , Safin Rushan , Valeev Kirill , Soloveva Elena
Published: August 2023

On the basis of differential equations of heat and mass conductivity and given boundary conditions the mathematical model describing the process of heating and birch bark impregnation with an extractant was developed. Experimental facilities for impregnation and determination of mass conductivity coefficient are created. Kinetic dependence of average concentration of toluene in birch bark during impregnation is obtained. The temperature dependence of toluene mass conductivity coefficient through birch bark was obtained on the setup for determination of mass conductivity. The analysis of kinetic curves of birch bark impregnation with toluene at different temperatures shows a considerable influence of temperature on the impregnation rate. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental data does not exceed 13%. The rational temperature of impregnation, which is 110 °С, has been determined. Optimum time of birch bark impregnation -10 minutes -has been determined. Developed mathematical model of the process of impregnation and heating of wood particles can be applied to organization of calculations of the process of extraction of biologically active substances from vegetable raw materials.
Implementing a cluster-based method for managing solid waste in the coastal zone of the Black Sea
Authors: Nuriev Suri , Kartsan Igor
Published: August 2023

The analysis of existing problems of intensively developing infrastructure of the coastal zone of the Black Sea in the field of accumulation of wastes is presented and the optimal ways of its solution at the initial stages of designing of the refuse processing enterprises are offered. The purpose of the work to show that the creation of a full cycle of recycling solid waste will significantly improve the economic and environmental performance of the Ministry of Ecology and Nature Conservation of the Republic of Crimea. Calculation of required industrial capacities of the rubbish processing enterprise is made, the approach in the field of the waste treatment, differing from the existing archaic methods of disposal and based on the cluster distribution is offered. Clustering will make it possible to carry out deep processing of raw materials, to reduce to zero the volume of burial of waste, to transport it to the place of final processing by railway and automobile transport, which will considerably simplify logistics. Such measures will significantly reduce the effect of negative impact on the environment, generate useful capacities in the form of heat and electricity for domestic and industrial consumption, and attract additional investments to the region, increasing the revenue part of the budget of the region as a whole. The proposed approach is well aligned with the national Ecology Project.
Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Surgery and the Risk of Paraplegia: Contemporary Practice and Future Directions
Authors: Zvara David A.
Published: August 2023

Thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Spinal cord ischemia and the risks of paraparesis or paraplegia remain devastating complications. The mechanisms of spinal cord injury involve both acute ischemic injury and delayed reperfusion injury. Blood flow to the spinal cord frequently arises in the segment of the aorta requiring aortic cross clamping. As such, there is an obligate period of blood flow disruption. Multiple strategies have evolved to reduce the ischemic interval and to provide adjunct interventions to reduce the impact of the ischemia. Despite a multidisciplinary approach, a spinal cord ischemia is present in approximately 4 to 16% of patients, depending on the type of aneurysm and other comorbid diseases. Cerebral spinal fluid drainage, distal perfusion techniques, intercostal artery anastomosis, hypothermia techniques, and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning are interventions employed to reduce the risk of paraplegia after thoracal-abdominal aortic surgery. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and perfusionist are intimately involved in the decision making as to which interventions will be employed in a given case. Although these adjuncts have been evaluated in multiple animal and human protocols, the efficacy of each intervention when looked at in isolation remains difficult to determine fully. This is attributable, in part, to the complex mechanisms of the patient injury, the inherint risks of the surgical procedure, and the confounding effects of comorbid disease states. Nonetheless, clinicians must have comprehensive understanding of these various interventions and their application. This review serves as an overview of these various interventions with special emphasis on outcome data.
Effects of Increasing FiO2 on Venous Saturation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Swine Model
Authors: Nichols Jeffery D. , Stammers Alfred H. , Kmiecik Scott A. , Liu Jun-Li , Kohtz Ryan J. , Mills Nancy J. , Petterson Craig M. , Zheng Hong
Published: August 2023

Adequacy of perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is dependent on nutrient delivery and waste removal from the tissue. A recent study showed that over 75% of cardiopulmonary bypass procedures are completed using continuous venous saturation (SvO2) monitoring. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changing FiO2 concentration on SvO2. A total of eight mixed gender 45-kg swine were placed on CPB under moderate hypothermic conditions. Animals were divided evenly into two groups: Experimental, where FiO2 was increased to 100% and blood flow decreased to an SvO2 level of prechange in FiO2, and Control, where the same condition was created except no change in blood flow. Variables measured include hemodynamic, blood gas, intramyocardial pH, and lactic acid concentrations. In the experimental group, percentage change of blood flow was decreased from baseline 28.4% ± 12.5% (p < .005) as well as percentage change of oxygen delivery 23.9% ± 14.7% (p < .005). Systemic venous saturation percentage change was increased in both the experimental 14.4% ± 6.8% (p < .05) and control 11.2% ± 7.1% (p < .05) groups. Jugular venous saturation percentage change was decreased in the experimental group 7.8% ± 6.34% (p < .02), but not in the control animals. Myocardial venous saturation percentage change decreased in the experimental group to 3.73% ± 8.34% (p < .004). Experimental manipulation, however, did not significantly change jugular lactic acid concentrations or intramyocardial pH values. In conclusion, these results suggest that decreased blood flow adjusting for increased SvO2associated with high PaO2 did not result in significant reduction of adequacy of perfusion markers for organs studied.
Nonheparinized Partial Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Repair of Traumatic Aortic Rupture
Authors: Hoffman John W. , Gilbert Timothy B. , Cardarelli Marcelo G. , Downing Stephen W.
Published: August 2023

Traumatic aortic rupture requires rapid, definitive repair for optimal outcome, particularly with respect to distal neurologic function. Over the past 10 years, the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center of the University of Maryland has used partial cardiopulmonary bypass without systemic heparization exclusively for all repairs of the descending aorta. A heparinbonded circuit allows for controlled distal perfusion and obviates the need for heparinization. Excellent outcome with minimal morbidity has been achieved using this technique. Our protocol and perfusion apparatus are discussed within.
The Effect of Controlled Aprotinin Administration Through Cardiotomy Suction during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Liu Jun-Li , Stammers Alfred H. , Zheng Hong , Mills Nancy J. , Nichols Jeffery D. , Kmiecik Scott A. , Kohtz Ryan J. , Petterson Craig M.
Published: August 2023

Cardiotomy suction enhances inflammation and fibrinolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Aprotinin has been shown to reduce the generalized inflammatory insults associated with CPB. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Aprotinin administration through cardiotomy suction on the inflammatory and fibrinolytic responses during CPB. A pig model of CPB was utilized including 8 animals divided into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, Aprotinin was infused into the cardiotomy suction (3000 KIU/min), while the same volume of saline was infused in the control group. D-dimer, platelet count, and IL-8 level were analyzed from systemic and cardiotomy suction. It was found that Aprotinin significantly suppressed the increase in D-dimer levels in the systemic (476.3 ± 341.2 vs. 1218.8 ± 281.3 ng/ml, p < 0.05) and the cardiotomy suction (565.0 ± 192.5 vs. 1875.0 ± 125.0 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Platelet count fell in both groups during CPB, although the reduction was greater in the control (13.1 ± 5.1 vs. 37.9 ± 13.8 %, p < 0.05). In addition, IL-8 level in the suction solution was significantly lower in the Aprotinin group (56.5 ± 18.0 vs. 136.3 ± 14.8 pg/ml, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggested that Aprotinin treatment of the cardiotomy solution might be an effective way of reducing fibrinolysis, platelet reduction, and inflammation associated with CPB.
The Heater–Cooler Unit—A Conceivable Source of Infection
Authors: Weitkemper H.H. , Spilker A. , Knobl H.J. , Körfer R.
Published: August 2023

Even drinking water is contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. This does not necessarily pose a risk for healthy individuals, but it may result in serious consequences in people with impaired immune systems. This is particularly valid if drinking water is used for medical purposes. The heater–cooler unit (HCU) connected to heat exchangers or blankets by tubing, the connection is closed water circuit that contains microorganisms and algae. While connecting the tubing to the heat exchanger, spilling of water cannot be avoided. Microbiological examinations showed that germs and particles pollute the units. Exposure to the patient and the OR equipment has the potential to increase the risk of infection should the HCU water come in contact with the patient. As a result of the high incidence of particle and algae in the HCU, malfunction occurs. Sampling shows >1000/mL CFU (colony forming units) at 36°C and 55/mL CFU at 20°C on average. The specific findings include Pseudomonas and Legionella. Disinfecting HCU is very difficult. Often HCUs do not provide any technology to reduce bacterial or other contamination. The instructions for use of oxygenators often exclude the use of disinfectants. Maintenance instructions for the HCU advocate the use of disinfectants that carry the risk of oxygenator damage and of heat exchanger leakage. The effect of chemical disinfectants and heat exchanger membranes have not been examined, they may impair heat exchanger permeability and function. As an alternative to chemical and thermal disinfection, we used the alternative method of filtration. Using a membrane filter element, we noticed a decreasing number of CFUs from 55 to sterile conditions at 20°C and from >1000 CFUs to 100 CFUs at 36°C (Figure 1). In addition, we noticed a removal of other particles and algae. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a technique that is simple to implement and effectively reduces the microbiological load of the water in the heater– cooler unit.
Changes of Microvascular Vasomotion and Oxygen Metabolism during Cooling and Rewarming Period of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Long Cun , Hu Xiaoqin , Zhang Jian , Xiu Ruijuan , Guan Yulong
Published: August 2023

Microcirculation plays an important role in keeping a stable tissue metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The relationship between microvascular vasomotion (MV) and total body’s oxygen metabolism with temperature alteration during CPB remains unclear. Is there a relationship, or is the autoregulation a consequence of CO2, pressure and/or blood flow? The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature alteration on cutaneous MV and the total body’s oxygen metabolism during CPB. Sixteen consecutive patients scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement surgery were included in this study. The pump flow varied from 1.8–3.0 L/m-2min-1 to maintain venous oxygen saturation above 65% and mean arterial blood pressure above 60 mmHg. At a nasopharyngeal temperature of 30°C, oxygen consumption (VO2) and oxygen extraction (O2 ext) were measured during the cooling and rewarming periods. MV and skin microcircular flow (SMF) were monitored dynamically at the middle of two sides of the eyebrow with a laser Doppler flowmeter simultaneously VO2 and O2 ext at 30°C were significantly lower during the cooling period (VO2, 49.9 ± 17.7 mL/m-2/min-1; O2 ext, 19.3 ± 6.2%) than that during the rewarming period (VO2, 133.3 ± 40.0 mL/ m-2/min-1; O2 ext, 35.2 ± 9.2%) (p < .05). SMF was significantly depressed during CPB (p < .05). SMF during the cooling period (50.2% ± 10.1%) was significantly less than that during the rewarming period (79.5% ± 12.3%) (p < .05). MV was significantly less active during CPB than that before CPB (5.8 ± 1.2 cyc/ min)(p < .05), whereas there was no significant difference in MV between the cooling (3.7 ± 1.8 cyc/min) and the rewarming period (4.1 ± 1.5 cyc/min) and (p > .05). SMF and MV were depressed during hypothermic CPB, and there was some recovery during the rewarming period. Compared to baseline, SMF and MV were still significantly reduced during the warming period, indicating microvascular function was abnormal. Some measures should be taken for improvement of microvascular function during CPB.
How Computer Technologies Might be Used to Foster Professional Development: A Case Report of www.perfusionkorea.org
Authors: Kuna Kim
Published: August 2023

Advances in the Internet and communication technologies have enabled many perfusion-related websites to provide detailed and reliable information to perfusionists. However, these websites are also faced with various member needs that require updating for fast, flexible responses. Despite the rapid increase in the number of these websites, little is known about the structure, performance, and effective utilization methods of such websites. This case report examines the www.perfusionkorea.org, a virtual organization that works across space and time with links strengthened by webs of communication technologies. In addition, website maintenance and resource management tasks, which are important factors for long-term survival, are discussed using the log analyzer and internet protocol tracing programs. Finally, using www.perfusionkorea.org, as a prototype of virtual organization activities, what we can expect to see more commonly in the near future, is discussed. Although we used a tremendous amount of multimedia techniques to attract members, we found that the significance of the perfusionists’ website would come from active participation of members rather than a new, complicated technology or eye-catching graphics. This case report shows the synergistic effects that Korea’s application of the Internet to the field of perfusion. It also suggests that new methodological strategies and approaches can be developed and tested to provide perfusionists with a direction for tomorrow’s health care system.
Leukocyte Depletion as a Mechanism for Reducing Neutrophil-Mediated Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury during Transplantation
Authors: Sievert Alicia
Published: August 2023

Patients undergoing transplantation are at high risk for leukocyte-mediated morbidity because of activated neutrophils and oxygen free radicals. This type of injury is most prominent during the reperfusion stage of transplantation. When tissue becomes ischemic, normal oxidation is altered (2). As oxygen is reintroduced to the system, oxygen free radical formation occurs via the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase, causing destruction of the endothelium, increased permeability, and decreased organ function (2). In addition, neutrophils that may have already been activated by contact activation from the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, accumulate in the ischemic organ at reperfusion (9,10). Activated neutrophils then release oxygen metabolites and proteolytic enzymes, which further destroy the integrity of the vascular endothelium (11). This insult can cause edema, capillary plugging, and poor graft function (12). Recent attempts have been made to decrease the mediators of ischemic-reperfusion injury. Perhaps the most advantageous of these attempts is the removal of leukocytes during reperfusion. This has been successfully achieved using leukocyte-depleting filters before exposing the organ to systemic blood flow (14). This article is a review of ischemic-reperfusion injury and the use of leukocyte depletion during reperfusion of transplanted organs.