bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI BPM FAUZIAH HATTA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Admin  , Devina Anggrainy Dencik
Published: March 2021

Menurut World Health Organitation (WHO) tahun 2016 masih menunjukkan rata-rata angka pemberian ASI eksklusif didunia baru berkisar38%. Di Indonesia meskipun sejumlah besar perempuan(96%) menyusui anak mereka dalam kehidupan mereka, hanya 42% dari bayi yang berusia dibawah 6 bulan yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Pada saat anak-anak mendekati ulang tahunnya kedua, hanya 55% yang masih memberikan ASI (Pudiastuti, 2012). Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian pada ibu dengan Pemberian ASI eksklusif di BPM Fauziah Hatta Palembang tahun 2018 didapatkan 56 orang responden, yang melakukan pemberian ASI Ekslusif sebanyak 16 orang, dan yang tidak memberikan ASI Ekslusif sebanyak 40 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif Di Bidan Praktik Mandiri Fauziah Hatta Palembang Tahun 2018. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian survey analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi 6 bulan di Bidan Praktik Mandiri Fauziah Hatta sebanyak 56 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dari 16 ibu yang memberikan ASI Eksklusif yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 8 responden (53,3%) dan pengetahuan yang kurang sebanyak 8 responden (19,5%), dan dari 40 responden yang tidak memberikan ASI Eksklusif yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 7 responden (46,7%) dan pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 33 responden (80,5%). Responden pemberian ASI Eksklusif, umur ibu yang tidak beresiko sebanyak responden (47,6%) dan umur yang beresiko sebanyak 6 responden (17,1%). Responden pemberian ASI Eksklusif, pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 6 responden (50%) dan pendidikan rendah sebanyak 10 responden (22,7%).
FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMILIHAN KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK DI BPM LISMARINI PALEMBANG
Authors: Admin  , Lidya Fransisca
Published: March 2021

Indonesia merupakan sebuah negara berkembang dengan perkiraan penduduk pertengahan pada 2013 sebesar 248,8 juta jiwa dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk sebesar 1,48%. Sehingga untuk menekan jumlah penduduk tersebut maka digalakkan program keluarga berencana (KB).. Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan jenis kontrasepsi yang paling disukai oleh para peserta keluarga berencana (KB) terutama KB suntik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan  dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi suntik di BPM Lismarini Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah semua akseptor KB hormonal di BPM  Lismarini Palembang tahun 2017. Sampel penelitian menggunakan tehnik simpel random sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel berjumlah 212 responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data pada penelitian ini adalah uji chi – square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada hubungan antara umur dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi suntik dengan ρ value 0,003, tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi suntik dengan ρ value 0.189 dan tidak ada hubungan antara pekerjaan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi suntik dengan ρ value 0,886di BPM Lismarini Palembang pada tahun 2017. Di harapkan pada peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan melanjutkan penelitian dengan variabel lain agar hasil penelitian yang didapat menjadi lebih akurat lagi.
PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK TERHADAP KADAR LAKTAT DAN LAKTAT DEHIDROGENASE (LDH)
Authors: Admin  , Sari Octarina Piko  , Rostika Flora  , Theodorus
Published: March 2021

Aktivitas fisik atau olahraga adalah pergerakan tubuh yang dilakukan otot dengan terencana dan berulang yang menyebabkan peningkatan pemakaian energi dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki kebugaran fisik. Ada dua jenis aktifitas fisik yaitu aktivtas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik. Kedua aktivitas ini berdampak pada pengeluaran kadar laktat dan LDH. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik terhadapa kadar laktat dan LDH. Metode penelitian ini uji klinik berpembanding dengan rancangan pre dan post test only desighn. Pelaksanaan aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik dilaksanakan di stadion Sriwijaya Sport Centre Jakabaring palembang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 34 responden yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok aerobik dan anaerobik. Dilakukan pengambilan darah di vena cubiti sebanyak 5cc untuk pemeriksaan kadar laktat dan LDH. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar laktat sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik pada kelompok aerobik dan anaerobik (p<0,05). Akan tetapi apabila kedua kelompok dibandingkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Begitu juga pada kadar LDH, terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar LDH sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik. Akan tetapi apabila kedua kelompok dibandingkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik berpengaruh terhadap pengeluaran kadar asam laktat dan LDH.
HUBUNGAN KELAINAN LETAK JANIN , PREEKLAMSIA, KETUBAN PECAH DINI DENGAN PERSALINAN SECTIO CAESAREA
Authors: Admin  , Puji Setiana  , Herawati  , Sutriyati
Published: March 2021

Sectio Caesarea adalah suatu persalinan buatan dimana janin dilahirkan melalui suatu insisi pada dinding depan perut dan dinding rahim dengan syarat rahim dalam keadaan utuh serta berat janin di atas 500 gram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kelainan letak janin, preeklamsia, dan ketuban pecah dini dengan persalinan sectio caesarea di Rumah Sakit TK IV Dr. Noesmir Baturaja tahun 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pada Penelitian ini jumlah populasi 683 responden dan jumlah sampel diambil sebagian dari jumlah populasi yang berjumlah 87 responden. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji chi- square. Dari hasil uji statistik didapatkan adanya hubungan kelainan letak janin dengan persalinan sectio caesarea, dengan analisis bivariat  hasil uji chi-square diperoleh P value (0,001) < α (0,05), adanya hubungan preeklamsia dengan persalinan sectio caesarea, dengan analisis bivariat  hasil uji chi-square diperoleh P value (0,031) < α (0,05), dan ada hubungan ketuban pecah dini dengan persalinan sectio caesarea, dengan analisis bivariat  hasil uji chi-square diperoleh P value (0,000) < α (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah referensi,wawasan dan pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan persalinan sectio caesarea.
PENGALAMAN PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DALAM MENURUNKAN NYERI KEPALA DENGAN TERAPI NON FARMAKOLOGI DI RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM SITI KHADIJAH PALEMBANG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Admin  , R.A. Fadila  , Noviliya Hawati
Published: March 2021

Penyakit tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi telah membunuh 9,4 juta warga dunia setiap tahunnya. Nyeri kepala atau sakit kepala merupakan gejala penting dari berbagai kelainan tubuh organik maupun fugsional. Latihan nafas dalam merupakan suatu bentuk terapi nonfarmakologi, yang dalam hal ini perawat mengajarkan kepada klien bagaimana cara melakukan napas dalam. Tujuan penelitian  untuk mengetahui informasi mendalam mengenai pengalaman penderita hipertensi dalam menurunkan nyeri kepala dengan terapi non farmakologi dan farmakologi di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Khadijah Palembang Tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Informan dapat penelitian berjumlah 4 orang yaitu 3 orang pasien hipertensi selaku informan utama dan 1 orang perawat selaku informan kunci. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti  menggunakan  indeph interview atau wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian dari hasil wawancara peneliti kepada ketiga informan diketahui bahwa ketiga informan sering merasakan nyeri pada bagian kepala saat tekanan darahnya naik dan nyeri kepala yang dirasakan informan seperti di tusuk-tusuk dan ketiga informan merasa sangat kesakitan. Ketiga informan pernah melakukan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam dan setelah melakukan teknik relaksasi napas tersebut ketiga informan merasakan nyeri kepalanya berkurang. Saran penelitian diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan non farmaklologi bagi penderita hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Khadijah Palembang dalam menurunkan nyeri kepala.
Pembelajaran dengan Sistem Konstruktivistik sebagai Usaha Mewujudkan Aktualisasi Diri yang Memiliki Gambar dan Rupa Allah
Authors: Rey Kevin Tony
Published: March 2021

Humans are created in the image and likeness of God. This divine image is an essential potential in human beings, which is immediately damaged and lost because of sin. But by the redemptive work of Christ, the man who believed in Him regained his self-image recovery. This article aims to show one of the learning patterns with constructive systems in Christian Religious Education in an effort to realize self-actualization that has the image and likeness of God. By using descriptive methods, the conclusion of this literature study shows that learning with this system is able to help students to realize their actualization that has the image and likeness of God. Abstrak: Manusia diciptakan menurut gambar dan rupa Allah. Citra ilahi ini merupakan potensi hakiki dalam diri manusia, yang dalam seketika rusak dan hilang oleh karena dosa. Namun oleh karya penebusan Kristus, manusia yang percaya kepada-Nya beroleh kembali pemulihan gambar diri itu. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan salah satu pola belajar dengan sistem konstruk-tivistik dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam upaya mewujudkan aktualisasi diri yang memiliki gambar dan rupa Allah tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, simpulan kajian literatur ini memperlihatkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan sistem ini mampu menolong siswa untuk mewujudkan aktualisasi dirinya yang memiliki gambar dan rupa Allah.
Tinjauan Etika Kristen Atas Fenomena Disaster Joke Terkait Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Susanta Yohanes Krismantyo , Panuntun Daniel Fajar
Published: March 2021

The focus of this research is to provide an overview from the perspective of Christian ethics on the phenomenon of disaster joke related to the development and spread of Covid-19. The formulation of the problem from this research is how is the ethical view of Critic to disaster joke related to the spread of Covid-19? The purpose of this study is to find a Christian ethical perspective on the spread of disaster jokes associated with the spread of Covid-19. The benefits of this research are: giving contribution to every believer to be able to empathize in every ethical decision making towards disaster joke related to the spread of Covid-19. Using a qualitative approach, this research shows that the golden rule principles taught by the Lord Jesus must be owned and applied by believers. Disaster joke is a despicable act, without empathy for victims of Covid-19 as well as not something to be laughed at. Because attitudes and actions committed against others are a reflection of our attitudes and actions towards God the creator.
ARGUMENTOS FRONTEADOS NA PERIFERIA À ESQUERDA DE ORAÇÕES CONDICIONAIS CENTRAIS NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO: UM PROCESSO DE CLITIC LEFT DISLOCATIONCOM RETOMADA PRONOMINAL VISÍVEL OU NULA
Authors: STEINHAUSER V. L. F. , ANTONELLI A. L.
Published: March 2021

Haegeman (2012) observa que, em orações condicionais centrais em inglês, não pode haver topicalização de argumento. Em sua análise, a autora propõe que o movimento do argumento para a periferia da sentença bloqueia o alçamento do operador condicional de TP para CP. Em português, diferentemente do inglês, é possível o fronteamento de argumentos. Para explicar essa diferença, propomos que, em português, quando há fronteamento de argumento em orações condicionais, o elemento fronteado é um constituinte gerado diretamente na periferia à esquerda. Nossa proposta é que tais sintagmas deslocados são retomados por um pronome visível ou nulo, tendo em vista o fato de o português ser uma língua de objeto nulo (CYRINO, 1994). Nesse sentido, as construções de fronteamento em orações condicionais do português brasileiro são, portanto, estruturas com deslocamento à esquerda clítica (Clitic Left Dislocation - CLLD), já que não houve movimento do elemento fronteado. O fato de não haver movimento sintático do argumento topicalizado tornaria possível o alçamento do operador condicional para o sistema CP.
Perfil dos ingressantes na licenciatura em Educação Física e suas experiências com as ginásticas competitivas
Authors: Sontag Bruna , Piovani Verónica Gabriela Silva , Both Jorge , Barbosa-Rinaldi Ieda Parra
Published: March 2021

O objetivo foi analisar as características dos estudantes ingressantes na Licenciatura em Educação Física (EF) frente às atividades de ginástica de competição desenvolvidas durante sua Educação Básica. Participaram 168 alunos ingressantes no ano de 2017 em cursos de Licenciatura em EF de quatro universidades públicas do Paraná. Utilizou-se um questionário com informações sócio demográficas e questões fechadas. Para a análise utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e indutiva. Observou-se que 81,5% dos alunos não tiveram ginástica de competição na EF escolar e 17,9% tiveram a vivência fora da mesma. Conclui-se que a maioria dos alunos do presente estudo tiveram o primeiro contato com a ginástica de competição na graduação, fator que dificulta o aprendizado durante o curso.
ASSESSING THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE OF MORAL-BASED ACTIONS AND LEADERSHIP IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTORS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Daniel Christian Gerald
Published: March 2021

A solid understanding of ethics is one of the most crucial aspect in any technological or scientific progress. Any development proceeded without proper knowledge of ethical value will drive the process to fall under the risk of failure that often damages the surroundings. In this paper, numerous essential ethical theories from various philosophers are elucidated herein to yield a general code of conduct as the basis to analyse several cases in several sectors, such as academic, engineering and medical, in attempt to locate any potential violation of values in accordance to the aforementioned study. Furthermore, several key points regarding the suggested moral virtues are summarised from the ethical code in the respective sectors to gain an understanding of the application of the theorems to the conducts. Lastly, numerous attempts of improvement in each sector; one example is the broader opportunity of conducting research supported by the government, are discussed in the last segment of this paper. The ultimate goal is then to illustrate the development of effort made in each sector in Indonesia learn from the mistakes to improve the condition with respect to the moral virtues and sustainability.
THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGES YAMAHA MIO MOTORCYCLE ON CV BURSA MOTOR YAMAHA, KABANJAHE
Authors: Br Sitepu Ingan Ukur , Bangun Chyty Emmyca Br
Published: March 2021

The image of the Yamaha Mio brand is one of the most important factors because the citramerk is very important to sell to prospective consumers, given the competition in the motorcycle business today can be categorized as a battle for the formation and maintenance of product images in the eyes of consumers. The purpose of this research in this thesis is to determine the extent of the influence of citramerk on YamahaMio's furniture decisions in CV. Kabanjahe Yamaha Motorcycle Exchange. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are through questionnaires, interviews and observations. The analytical method used is simple linear regression analysis method. The population in this study are consumers who have bought or used YamahaMio on CV. Kabanjahe Yamaha Motor Exchange, amounting to 290 people / month. The number of respondents to be sampled is 75 people. The results showed that the independent variables influenced furniture decisions. This is indicated by the results of partial testing of the calculated t value of the citramerk variable (X) of 11.284 greater than the t table of 1.982. Adjust R Square of 0.636 which means that the variable citramer has the ability to explain the YamahaMio purchase decision on the CV. The Kabanjahe Yamaha Motor Exchange was 63.6% while the remaining 46.4% was by other factors not examined in this study. The conclusion of this research is that citramerk influences the purchase decision of YamahaMio on CV. Kabanjahe Yamaha Motorcycle Exchange.
ENHANCING THE POTENCIES OF CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T CELL (CAR T CELL) BY CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM TO ERADICATE RETINOBLASTOMA
Authors: Supranoto Yehuda Tri Nugroho , Muhammad Yuda Nugraha  , Astuti Setyawardani
Published: March 2021

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. There is no therapies that can eradicate specifically the whole cancer cells without any side effects. The disialoganglioside 2 (GD2), one of the cancer’s cell markers that can be treated using immunotherapy, is expressed in RB. Through this fact, immunotherapy based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells targeting cancer-specific antigens has shown great potential in treating this cancer. Although in recent studies show that immune cells are not able to destroy cancer cells because in every cancer cells there is protein programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). This literature review also shows the potential technology using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein (Cas9) method to silence PD-1 in CAR T cell, so PD-L1 can not deactivate CAR T Cell through PD-1 signaling. The combination using CAR T cell and CRISPR-Cas9 will be the great therapy to eradicate RB without any side effect.
The interrelationship between strategy as practice and public service innovation and delivery: Academic history and evidence from Kuwait
Authors: Al-Mansour Jarrah
Published: March 2021

Despite the rare use of the term ‘strategy’ in public and voluntary sector organizations, recent research has seen the use of both the strategy and strategy-as-practice concepts in regulating the innovation perspective within the public sector. The available literature on innovation, strategy, and service delivery within the public sector offers positive insights into forming a new concept of innovation within the public organization sphere. Using a systematic review, we aim to understand the integration of the strategy-as-practice perspective into the public service ethos to drive the innovation perspective forward. The review was performed in two stages, 855 documents were retrieved in the first stage that covered a five-year time span, while 8,620,000 documents were retrieved in the second stage that covered a twenty-three-year time span. We further supported our argument through a quantitative questionnaire with 93 respondents from Kuwait. The findings of the research indicate that public sector policymakers need to pay attention to the social complexity of their context in order to innovate delivered public services. Furthermore, policymakers need to adopt new innovative schemes including innovative strategy practices, digital governance, reform ethos, and mutual constitution in their strategies in order to ensure the innovative public services that are required by their communities.
The relationship between online sale and customer value co-creation: The mediating role of e-satisfaction and e-trust
Authors: Daabseh Tariq Khairo Issa Al , Aljarah Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between online sale and customer value co-creation. In addition, to identify the mediating role of E-Satisfaction and E-Trust in the relationship between the online sale and customer value co-creation. This study selected a sample of 364 customers who shopped from the Modanisa website in Jordan, and a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was applied in this study to suit the nature of the study and to achieve the desired goals. This approach is based on showing the variables' relationship with each other. In this study, the relationship between online sale and customer value co-creation was influenced by E-trust and E-satisfaction. As per the results have indicated the foregoing, the analysis exhibited a favorable relation between them. E-trust impacts online sale and customer value relationship CO-creation, E-satisfaction affects the connection between the customer and online sales value. In addition, this study proves that online transactions contribute to the CO-creation of customer value for Modanisa. The customer value of CO-creation is, however, influenced by online purchases by E-trust and E-satisfaction in the Modanisa site. The findings of the study show that consumers with the higher online sale are far more committed to rising customer value by enhancing E-trust and E-satisfaction.
What Are the 21st-Century Skills for Pre-service Science and Mathematics Teachers: Discussion in the Context of Defined 21st-Century Skills, Self-skills and Education Curricula
Authors: Mıhladız Turhan Gülcan , Açık Demirci Işıl
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to determine the characteristics of pre-service teachers’ 21st-century skill concepts and their compatibility with the contemporary 21st-century skill lists, 21st-century self-skills and to compare and discuss, in terms of curricula and their fields. 71 pre-service science and 59 pre-service mathematics teachers were participated this phenomenological study. The statements by the participants were transformed into codes. These codes were categorized based on the framework for the 21st century skills. 21st-century skills codes with contemporary concepts relating to subcategories like “cognitive skills”, “process skills”, “communication and collaboration skills”, “initiative and self-direction skills”, “career skills”, and “technology knowledge/usage/production skills” indicate that teacher candidates are knowledgeable about 21st-century skills. Also the study found out that the greatest effects on the 21st-century skills of pre-service science and mathematics teachers are the curricula and the education they are taught. In this context, this research was based on the belief that determining the influence of pre-service teachers’ out-of-school and in-school trainings, their curricula, branches, etc. on their 21st-century skills will be guiding in terms of organizing curricula and environments of education.
The Geochronology of Tasmanian Tin Deposits Using LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Cassiterite Dating
Authors: Denholm J. L. , Stepanov A. S. , Meffre S. , Bottrill R. S. , Thompson J. M.
Published: March 2021

The island state of Tasmania is the most important tin producer in Australia. The spatial and genetic relationship between Tasmanian tin deposits and Devonian-Carboniferous granites, which intruded throughout the Tabberabberan orogeny, has long been understood. However, little geochronological data is available to link mineralization to nearby intrusions. In this study, we investigate the connection between 19 Tasmanian tin deposits and their potential source granites, using U-Pb cassiterite dating by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Archean pegmatitic cassiterite was also characterized and used for the calibration of U-Pb ratios.

Tin mineralization in Tasmania occurred between 391 ± 6.3 and 359 ± 7.8 Ma, which is coincident with most postorogenic granites of the Tabberabberan orogeny. In conjunction with the granite ages, cassiterite ages become younger from the east of the state to the west, and tin mineralization occurred over a protracted period spanning 32 m.y. Dating of several placer cassiterite samples produced unexpected results, such as the occurrence of 374 ± 4.7 Ma cassiterite on eastern King Island, an area known only to contain the 350 Ma Grassy granite, suggesting a distant provenance.

Tasmanian cassiterite rarely shows evidence of Pb loss; however, some analyses are characterized by elevated Th and U, likely caused by microinclusions such as monazite, which may have a detrimental effect on cassiterite U-Pb dating. This study demonstrates the utility of cassiterite dating for understanding the origin of tin deposits in complex terrains with protracted periods of tin mineralization.
Production systems and methods affect the quality and the quantity of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Authors: Aghhavani-Shajari Mahsa , Fallahi Hamid-Reza , Sahabi Hossein , Kaveh Hamed , Branca Ferdinando
Published: March 2021

Aim of study: Comparison of saffron flowering between open field and controlled environment. Possibility of saffron transplanting.Area of study: University of Birjand (Iran)Material and methods: In a first experiment, saffron yield and quality produced by traditional production system (TPS) and by soilless one (SPS) were compared. In a second experiment, the effects of the production method, by direct planting (DP) or by transplanting plant (TP) in open field were studied.Main results: Percentage of flowering corms grown by SPS was 39% and 65%, while by TPS was 6% and 56% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Flower and stigma yields were significantly higher by SPS than by TPS. Stigma obtained from SPS had higher L (lightness) and crocin. Safranal content was higher in stigma produced by TPS. Leaf and root numbers and corm weight were higher for SPS, but after transplanting there was better status for DP than for TP. At the end of the first growing season (2018-19), mean replacement corms weight (4.4 vs 3.0 g), replacement corms yield (21.3 vs 12.8 g per plant), weight of main replacement corm (11.7 vs 6.0 g) and number of large replacement corms (0.6 vs 0.1 corms per plant) for DP were significantly higher than for TP. However, during the second growing season (2019-20), the plants in TP plots improved their performances.Research highlights: Saffron production was more favorable under controlled environment. Transplanting is possible, but there is a need to improve methods to gain more favorable results.
Finding the Network Structure of Rwandan Interbank Market
Authors: Mugenzi Patrick , Rusuhuzwa Thomas Kigabo , Uwimana Annie
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper was to analyze the topology of interbank network in Rwanda for policy formulation. Our main result is that interbank market network in Rwanda is described by a core- periphery model with some level of completeness of interbank market in Rwanda. As policy implication, any risk from a bank is more easily shared within the interbank market network provided that there is nearly a complete network. This is an indication that the risk of instability of the financial system in Rwanda originating from interbank market is limited.
Entrepreneurship Skills Needed by Nigerian Tertiary Institution Students and Graduates for Global Relevance
Authors: Okoro P. E.
Published: March 2021

The study examined entrepreneurship skills needed by students/graduates for global relevance. The survey research design was chosen for the study. The population of the study comprises Business Education lecturers and students from three polytechnics, four Colleges of Education and Delta State University, Abraka, all in Delta State. A sample of 110 was randomly selected comprising 53 lecturers and 57 students. Data collection was via the questionnaire which was validated by three Business Education lectures from Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro, College of Education, Agbor and Delta State University, Abraka, all in Delta State, Nigeria. In analyzing data, mean and standard deviation were used for research questions, while independent samples t-test was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that entrepreneurship skills needed by students/graduates of tertiary institutions include trade show planning, promotion and execution. Others include skills for processing inventories, gross and net profit as well as keeping debt ledgers. The findings also specified ICT skills needed by students/graduates to include skills for accessing contra vision electronic software, deleting and merging mails, keying in data, copying, pasting and inserting in appropriate locations. Also revealed in the findings are significant difference between entrepreneurship and ICT skills essential for students and those essential for graduates. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that some of these skills should be integrated into the tertiary education curriculum so that undergraduate students could be exposed to them as early as possible.
Awareness and Attitude of Women towards Cervical Cancer Screening in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria
Authors: Egede J. O. , Ajah L. O. , Agwu U. M. , Ajah M. I. , Edegbe F. O. , Eze J. N. , Obuna J. A.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer screening has significantly contributed to the detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix and prevention of the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. In the developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of cervical cancer is highest, the high-risk population may not know the screening schedules or be able to pay for the services, and so fail to benefit.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of awareness of cervical cancer screening schedule and willingness to pay for cervical screening services among women in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria.

METHOD: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based and the population comprised 800 participants who came for free cervical cancer screening at well women centre, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki between January and December 2017. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Sciences version 20.0.

RESULT: Of the 756 (94.5%) questionnaires analyzed, the mean age was 41.4 years, modal parity 4; 83.6% had prior knowledge of cervical cancer while 81.0% knew that cervical cancer screening is a diagnostic tool. Surprisingly, only 32% of those aware of cervical cancer had previously done cervical cancer screening, while 10.8% knew the interval for cervical cancer screening. On screening for cervical cancer in future, 89.2% of the respondents were willing to repeat the test while 54.2% would be willing to pay for the screening services. Being 40 years of age or less, married, educated, of high socio-economic class and having first sexual intercourse at 18 years or less were associated with willingness to pay for screening.

CONCLUSION: Although the knowledge of cervical cancer is high, cervical cancer screening uptake is low, many women are aware of the interval for cervical cancer screening, and many will not be willing to pay for cervical cancer screening out of their pockets. 
Digital Educational Computer Games Environments Supporting Education (DECGE-SE)
Authors: Jantakun Thiti , Jantakoon Thada
Published: March 2021

The purposes of the research were 1) to design the Digital Educational Computer Games Environments Supporting Education (DECGE-SE) and 2) to evaluate the DECGE-SE. The research procedure was divided into two phases. The DECGE-SE as follows: (1) Learning: (1.1) Subject area, (1.2) Learning objectives/Player goals, (1.3) Learning Theories, (1.4) Platform and (1.5) Type of game; (2) Instruction: (2.1) Game Cycle and (2.2) Components for educational computer games online; (3) Outcomes and Impacts comprised four elements: (3.1) Knowledge acquisition/content understanding, (3.2) Perceptual and cognitive skills, (3.3) Affective and motivational outcomes and (3.4) Behavioural change. The expert opinions on the DECGE-SE evaluated that it was a very high appropriate level.
The effect of different factors on electrochemical obtaining of alloys Re-Te-Cu
Authors: Salakhova Elza , Tagiyev Dilgam , Kalantarova Parvana , Huseynova Ramila , Cabbarova İrana
Published: March 2021

Based on the study of volt-ampere dependencies during electroreduction of rhenium (VII), tellurium (IV) and copper (II) ions from hydrochloric acid electrolyte on Pt electrode, the conditions of deposition of nano-coatings of ternary Re-Te-Cu alloy were determined. The influence of various factors such as amounts of individual components and total con­cen­tra­tions of components in the electrolyte solution, temperature, concentration of hydro­chloric acid, etc., on the composition and quality of coatings was studied. It was establ­i­shed that with the increase of rhenium concentration in the electrolyte, as well as increase of temperature, the rhenium content in deposits increased. The morphology of films depo­sited on platinum substrate was studied using the scanning electron microscopy. Based on the experimental data, the following electrolyte composition (mol/l) is recommended for obtaining the semiconductor Re-Te-Cu alloy containing 40-50 wt.% Re: (6.9·10-4-6.9·10-3) KReO4 + (9·10-4-1.8·10-2) TeO2 + (6·10-4-1.2·10-2) CuCl2·2H2O +2 HCl, T = 75 °C.
COST EFFECTIVENESS ON FARMS IN POLAND COMPARED TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Gałecka Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to assess the cost effectiveness of farms in Poland compared to the European Union, depending on the type of farming. The value and cost structure of the studied farms were determined and the cost-production relation was assessed. The research covered farms participating in the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) European system for collecting accountancy data from farms. As a part of the main objective, an analysis of the structure and dynamics of costs of the researched farms and the cost-production relationship were assessed. The research period covered the years 2013-2018. On the basis of the conducted research, a high cost burden on production was found both in Poland and the entire EU. In the cost structure, direct costs had the largest share, which were particularly important in farms focused on animal production. There was a differentiation in both the cost structure and cost effectiveness depending on the type of farming. The highest production costs were characteristic for farms of the agricultural type – other grazing livestock, and the lowest for farms specialized in horticultural crops and breeding milk cows. In 2018, compared to 2013, there was an increase in the cost effectiveness of Polish farm production, while a slight decrease in the EU average. The increase in costs and the increase in the cost effectiveness of Polish farm production testifies to a general increase in the prices of production factors used in agricultural production and a decrease in cost competitiveness on the European market.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DIRECT COMMUNICATION METHODS IN COMPANIES (PUBLIC APPEARANCES, FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGS, DELIBERATIONS)
Authors: Ruta Przemysław
Published: March 2021

In the era of dynamic development of new technologies, exchanging information or experiences between employees takes place via electronic and mobile devices. However, despite the technological progress in companies, direct communication, understood as interpersonal communication (between two or more people in the form of direct exchange of information, referred to as “face-to-face” communication, characterized by immediate feedback expressed verbally and
non-verbally), is still important. The aim of the publication is to draw attention to the importance of direct communication. The article presents the results of observing the author’s own organizational and managerial activity related to running his own enterprise, where direct communication is an important element of managing an organization.
Modeling the Ecological Dynamics of a Three-Species Fish Population in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Panayotova Iordanka , Hallare Maila
Published: March 2021

We present an inquiry-based project that is designed for a mathematical modeling class of undergraduate junior or senior students. It discusses a three-species mathematical model that simulates the biological interactions among three important fish species in the Chesapeake Bay: the prey Atlantic menhaden and its two competing predators, the striped bass and the non-native blue catfish. The model also considers the following ecological issues related to these three species: the overfishing of menhaden, the invasiveness of the blue catfish, and the harvesting of blue catfish as a method to control the population. A series of modeling scenarios are considered based on some simplifying assumptions to demonstrate the application of theoretical concepts to actual fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay. Analysis involves elementary skills such as finding the roots of polynomial equations, computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and some advanced topics such as Routh-Hurwitz criteria and the Hartman-Grobman Theorem. Numerical simulations via MATLAB are utilized to produce graphical simulations and analyze long-time behaviors. Our model predicts that if no serious measures are taken to prevent the spread of the invasive blue catfish, the native predator species will be seriously affected and may even become extinct. The model also shows that linear harvesting is sufficient to limit the growth of the invasive catfish population; however, it is not sufficient to save the striped bass from becoming extinct. The results of this study illustrate the fundamental ecological principle of competitive exclusion, according to which two competing species that attempt to occupy the same niche in an ecosystem cannot co-exist indefinitely and one of the two populations will either go extinct or will adapt to fill a different niche.
Estlands Strafrechtsreform: Gang und Würdigung nach zwanzig Jahren
Authors: Sootak Jaan , Luts-Sootak Marju
Published: March 2021

Estonia’s Reform of Criminal Law: Evolution and Evaluation After Twenty Years Following Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940 and its independency in August 1991, the country enacted its criminal code in June 1992, which was replaced by a new criminal code in 2001. This article discusses the historical path of Estonia’s criminal law reforms, outlining the changes of its criminal code, and the assessment of sentencing at supreme jurisdiction level. The article continues with an analysis of Estonia’s far- reaching changes in the criminal law in 2015. In conclusion, Estonia’s comprehensive and radical criminal law reform of 2001 can be regarded as well established today; there are, however, remaining issues primarily revolving around the country’s regulations on administrative offences.
Der Schutz der Mitgliedstaaten und juristischer Personen des öffentlichen Rechts durch die Unionsgrundrechte
Authors: Fickentscher Toni
Published: March 2021

Ob Mitgliedstaaten oder juristische Personen des öffentlichen Rechts durch die Unionsgrundrechte geschützt werden, lässt sich nicht anhand nationaler Denkmuster - dem „Konfusionsargument“ oder dem „personalen Substrat“ - verneinen. Vielmehr hat man auf die Charta selbst abzustellen, aus der sich eine solche Schutzwürdigkeit schließlich positiv ergibt. Vor dem Hintergrund der neuen Rechtsprechung des BVerfG bedeutet dies, dass auch der betroffene Mitgliedstaat oder die jeweilige juristische Person des öffentlichen Rechts etwaige fachgerichtliche Entscheidungen auf ihre Vereinbarkeit mit den Unionsgrundrechten per Verfassungsbeschwerde überprüfen lassen können.
Über das Ziel hinausgeschossen? Anmerkung zu den zwei Beschlüssen des BVerfG zum Recht auf Vergessen vom 6.11.2019, 1 BvR 16/13, 276/17
Authors: Classen Claus Dieter
Published: March 2021

1. Unionsrechtlich nicht vollständig determiniertes innerstaatliches Recht prüft das Bundesverfassungsgericht primär am Maßstab der Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes, auch wenn das innerstaatliche Recht der Durchführung des Unionsrechts dient. Die primäre Anwendung der Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes stützt sich auf die Annahme, dass das Unionsrecht dort, wo es den Mitgliedstaaten fachrechtliche Gestaltungsspielräume einräumt, regelmäßig nicht auf eine Einheitlichkeit des Grundrechtsschutzes zielt, sondern Grundrechtsvielfalt zulässt. Es greift dann die Vermutung, dass das Schutzniveau der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union durch die Anwendung der Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes mitgewährleistet ist.

2. Bei der Anwendung unionsrechtlich vollständig vereinheitlichter Regelungen sind nach dem Grundsatz des Anwendungsvorrangs des Unionsrechts in aller Regel nicht die Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes, sondern allein die Unionsgrundrechte maßgeblich.

(Leitsatz 1 ist der wesentliche Teil des Leitsatzes 1 des Beschlusses „Recht auf Vergessen I“, Leitsatz 2 ist Leitsatz 2 des Beschusses „Recht auf Vergessen II“)

Nachdem sich Rechtsprechung und Literatur in den vergangenen Jahren intensiv mit dem Verhältnis von nationalem und europäischem Grundrechtsschutz auseinandergesetzt haben, hat nunmehr der Erste Senat des BVerfG in zwei Beschlüssen vom 6.11.2019, die beide inhaltlich verwandte Fragen des „Rechts auf Vergessen“ betreffen, insoweit partiell substantiell neue Akzente gesetzt. In Fortführung bisheriger Rechtsprechung betont das Gericht zunächst, dass es, soweit das Unionsrecht den Mitgliedstaaten Spielräume belässt - Konstellation im Fall des Beschlusses „Recht auf Vergessen I“ (nachfolgend „RaV I“ mit Hinweis auf die entsprechende Rn.) -, deren Handhabung am Maßstab der Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes überprüft. Dabei äußert sich das Gericht erstmalig systematisch und in der Sache überzeugend zur Frage der Abgrenzung beider Bereiche. In unionsrechtlich determinierten Konstellationen dagegen - Fall des Beschlusses „Recht auf Vergessen II“ (nachfolgend „RaV II“ mit Hinweis auf die entsprechende Rn.) - kontrolliert das BVerfG nunmehr, wie der Senat einstimmig beschlossen hat (RaV II, Rn. 142), am Maßstab der europäischen Grundrechte (II.). Das ist neu und überzeugt so nur insoweit, als das BVerfG in diesem Bereich nunmehr, anders als bisher, auch selbst eine grundrechtliche Kontrolle ausüben will. Insbesondere die unterschiedliche Behandlung von unionsrechtlich determiniertem und nicht determiniertem Bereich überzeugt allerdings nicht (III.). Auch die Lösung der konkreten Fälle wirft Fragen auf (IV.).
Establishing Property Rights and Private Ownership: The Solution to Malinvestment in the Energy Sector in Developing Countries
Authors: Kemabonta Tam
Published: March 2021

There are over 800 million people in the world without access to modern forms of energy services, like electricity, cooking gas, and LPG. This has been called energy poverty. Most studies in the field of energy poverty address the issue from an absence of technological or financial resources perspective. They address the problem as energy in itself having an objective inherent value, more or less addressing the symptoms of the problem and not the problem itself. In this chapter, a new paradigm that addresses the problem of energy poverty and malinvestment is introduced. This paradigm, utilizing the theory of economic calculation and the use and exchange value embodied in the subjective value theory, makes a case for the importance of private property rights in the factors or means of production for modern forms or energy such as electricity. The Nigerian energy sector is used as a case study for this.
Assessing Renewable Energy Loan Guarantees in the United States
Authors: M. Yonk Ryan
Published: March 2021

Conceived as an idea to push financing toward underdeveloped clean energy technology to improve the environment, promote economic growth, and produce a more secure energy supply, the Title XVII loan guarantee program has likely failed to meet these objectives. Instead, it has been used as a political tool, exposed taxpayers to unnecessary risk, diverted funding from alternative clean energy investments, and primarily benefitted large, politically connected corporations.
Ecology of the Seed Bank in the Amazon Rainforest
Authors: Gomes Bordon Natali , Leal Filho Niwton , Vizcarra Bentos Tony
Published: March 2021

The seed bank is directly related to forest resilience because it contributes to the greatest number of regenerants after the occurrence of disturbances. Changes in seed density, floristic composition, and life forms completely alter the successional trajectory of forest environments. These changes are directly related to land use. For example, suppression of the seed bank can occur in pastures, that experience frequent fires with increase of density of seeds and predominance of herbs are typical of highly degraded areas, such as Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, and Cyperaceae. Melastomataceae seedlings are an important component of the seed bank in the Amazon rainforest. On the other hand, Urticaceae has greater representation in forests that exhibit low-impact land use. Any change in seed bank functionality is bound to compromise the diversity, regeneration potential and overall maintenance of tropical forests. Therefore, it is necessary to expand studies that investigate seed banks in the Amazon rainforest. It is as important to prioritize sampling methods and pursue standardization of data presentation, as well as improve the identification of species that occur in the seed bank.
Come due specchi prospicienti
Authors: De Fazio Gianluca ,   Chiasmi International
Published: March 2021

Beginning with the relation between the question of Nature and the status of philosophy, this essay interprets the theme of the mirror through the chiasm between multiplicity and thought. This relation is not substantial dualism’s relation of the subject with the object, but rather, following the image used by Merleau-Ponty, it is like the relation between two mirrors facing each other, thus suggesting that the “subject” herself is a multiplicity. From thence, drawing inspiration from this quote in Eye and Mind, “the Cartesian does not see himself in the mirror”, I formulate both the problem of the body and the question of intersubjectivity as a field of individuation for all possible forms of subjectivity. Following this theme, the essay retraces the use of the mirror in the Note on Machiavelli. Finally, given that the theme of subjectivity as a multiplicity is related to the theme of corporeality (granting the principle of reversibility characteristic of a Merleau-Pontian ontology), the essay ends with an analysis of the idea of the body-mirror (and not simply the “body in the mirror”) which, from an intersubjective point of view, becomes an expressive relation in which each body is mirror and expression of the whole universe, thus unlocking an existential monadology.
Un «rapport de miroir». Relation amoureuse et réflexion politique chez Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Caignard Gael ,   Chiasmi International
Published: March 2021

This article studies a link between perception and politics by seeking, in Merleau-Ponty’s work, something like a “mirror relation” in the domains of encounters of love and politics. While in Phenomenology of Perception the analysis of sexuality seemingly renders love impossible, in the courses on Institution, Merleau-Ponty affirms the possibility of love by characterizing it as an institution, a sensible idea, a “mirror relation”. When the lover demands signs of love from the loved one, he demands to see in the eyes, the voice, and the experience of the other his own reflection, the reflection of his experience, his words, his gestures, and the demand of love that he is formulating. The promise of love is thus an institution of sense which sheds a new light on all actions past and future, it is a way of overcoming contingency. Conceiving of politics as a “mirror relation” thus means adopting a careful philosophy that observes the event like a mirror and gives place to sensible ideas, at the intersection of gazes understood as a “type of reflection”.