bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and landscape influences on the spatial and temporal distribution of a cattle herd in a South Texas rangeland
Authors: Cheleuitte-Nieves Christopher , Perotto-Baldivieso Humberto L. , Wu X. Ben , Cooper Susan M.
Published: July 2020

The multiple spatial and temporal parameters affecting cattle herd distribution and activity dynamics can significantly affect resource utilization but are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether current animal tracking technology and spatio-temporal analysis tools can be used to integrate multi-scale information on herd distribution patterns as a function of seasonal forage production, periods of the day, animal activity, and landscape features. Positional and activity information of 11 free-ranging cows within a 31-member herd was obtained at 5-min intervals by using GPS collars for 1 year within a 457-ha ranch in the semi-arid rangelands of South Texas. Forage biomass was calculated with satellite imagery. Spatial analysis of cattle distribution and landscape features was conducted with GIS.

Herd spread was greatest during the growing season. Throughout the year, during midday, the herd showed smaller spread and greater use of shade patches than any other time of day. Cattle also aggregated under trees in winter, particularly during the night. There was no statistically significant overall pattern of seasonal changes in the use of water and supplemental feeding areas, but a trend toward highest use during the winter. However, significantly different diurnal patterns in the use of supplemental feed and water were observed within each season.

This study found a strong influence of shade patches relative to the influence of water and supplemental feeding areas on the diurnal and seasonal movement patterns of cattle in shrub-dominated rangeland. Although this study used only 11 tracked cows in a 31-member herd, the results indicated that techniques such as seasonal and diurnal GPS tracking, GIS, and remote sensing data enable evaluation of multiple spatial and temporal dynamics of cattle distribution and activity patterns. The smaller spread during the dry winter season associated with the observed aggregation of individuals in water and supplemental feeding areas, may aid in determining the most critical times for providing supplemental resources and guide the allocation of those resources to areas not frequently used by cattle, thus stimulating the animals to visit unused sites during the non-growing season.
Relative contributions of large-scale and wedgelet currents in the substorm current wedge
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Gabrielse C. , Weygand J. M. , Donovan E. F. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: July 2020

We examined how much large-scale and localized upward and downward currents contribute to the substorm current wedge (SCW), and how they evolve over time, using the THEMIS all-sky imagers (ASIs) and ground magnetometers. One type of events is dominated by a single large-scale wedge, with upward currents over the surge and broad downward currents poleward-eastward of the surge. The other type of events is a composite of large-scale wedge and wedgelets associated with streamers, with each wedgelet having comparable intensity to the large-scale wedge currents. Among 17 auroral substorms with wide ASI coverage, the composite current type is more frequent than the single large-scale wedge type. The dawn–dusk size of each wedgelet is ~ 600 km in the ionosphere (~ 3.2 RE in the magnetotail, comparable to the flow channel size). We suggest that substorms have more than one type of SCW, and the composite current type is more frequent.
Solving the k-dominating set problem on very large-scale networks
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hai , Hà Minh Hoàng , Nguyen Diep N. , Tran The Trung
Published: July 2020

The well-known minimum dominating set problem (MDSP) aims to construct the minimum-size subset of vertices in a graph such that every other vertex has at least one neighbor in the subset. In this article, we study a general version of the problem that extends the neighborhood relationship: two vertices are called neighbors of each other if there exists a path through no more thankedges between them. The problem called “minimumk-dominating set problem” (MkDSP) becomes the classical dominating set problem ifkis 1 and has important applications in monitoring large-scale social networks. We propose an efficient heuristic algorithm that can handle real-world instances with up to 17 million vertices and 33 million edges. This is the first time such large graphs are solved for the minimumk-dominating set problem.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever as a rare cause of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura—a pediatric case report
Authors: Thadchanamoorthy V. , Dayasiri Kavinda
Published: July 2020

Background

Dengue is a common mosquito-borne infection in tropical countries. Dengue incidence in Sri Lanka is generally showing a rising trend. Both chronic immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) children and chronic ITP triggered by dengue fever in the pediatric age group are rarely reported. This unusual presentation is a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. The authors have reported a pediatric patient who presented with chronic ITP following recovery from dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Case presentation

A 14-year-old previously healthy boy was initially managed as for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Following initial detection of persistent thrombocytopenia at 2 weeks post-discharge, his parents defaulted follow-up for 1 year as he remained asymptomatic. However, 1 year after initial admission, the child re-presented with ecchymotic patches and a platelet count of 30 × 103/cumm. Review of serial blood counts performed during previous hospital admission and by his parents themselves revealed persistent thrombocytopenia over preceding 12 months. Subsequently, the child had an in-depth evaluation. The diagnosis of ITP was confirmed by ruling out differential diagnosis and he was managed as for chronic ITP. His platelet counts showed good response to oral corticosteroids and he is currently being followed up at the pediatric hematology clinic.

Conclusion

While reporting, a 14-year-old boy who developed chronic ITP following dengue hemorrhagic fever, this report highlights importance of frequent monitoring of blood counts to accurately detect and manage critical phase of dengue fever. The report also highlights the value of monitoring platelet counts in post-recovery phase to ensure they have normalized.
Outcome measures of risk and recovery in Broadmoor High Secure Forensic Hospital: stratification of care pathways and moves to medium secure hospitals
Authors: McCullough Samantha , Stanley Carolyn , Smith Helen , Scott Molly , Karia Minesh , Ndubuisi Benignus , Ross Callum C. , Bates Rob , Davoren Mary
Published: July 2020

Background

Placements within high secure forensic hospitals consist of wards providing various different levels of relational security. They should form a coherent pathway through secure care, based on individual patient risks and needs. Moves to less secure wards within high secure forensic hospitals and moves on to lower secure hospital settings have rarely been systematically studied.

Aims

The aim of this study was to ascertain if placements within Broadmoor High Secure Hospital and moves from Broadmoor to medium secure hospitals corresponded to measures of violence risk, programme completion and recovery.

Method

A 13-month prospective cohort study was completed. Patients (n = 142) were rated at baseline for violence risk (Historical, Clinical and Risk – 20), therapeutic programme completion and recovery (DUNDRUM tool) and overall functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning). Placements on the care pathway and moves on to medium secure hospitals were observed.

Results

Placements on the care pathway within the high secure hospital were associated with dynamic violence risk (F = 16.324, P<0.001), therapeutic programme completion (F = 4.167, P = 0.003), recovery (F = 2.440, P = 0.050) with better scores on these measures being found in the rehabilitation wards and the poorest scores on the highest levels of dependency. Moves to medium secure hospitals were associated with better scores on dynamic risk of violence (F = 33.199, P<0.001), therapeutic programme completion (F = 9.237 P<0.001), recovery (F = 6.863, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Placements within Broadmoor Hospital formed a coherent pathway through high secure care. Moves to less secure places were influenced by more than reduction in violence risk. Therapeutic programme completion and recovery in a broad sense were also important.
Chemotherapy and Venetoclax in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Trial (CAVEAT): A Phase Ib Dose-Escalation Study of Venetoclax Combined With Modified Intensive Chemotherapy
Authors: Chua Chong Chyn , Roberts Andrew W. , Reynolds John , Fong Chun Yew , Ting Stephen B. , Salmon Jessica M. , MacRaild Sarah , Ivey Adam , Tiong Ing Soo , Fleming Shaun , Brown Fiona C. , Loo Sun , Majewski Ian J. , Bohlander Stefan K. , Wei Andrew H.
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE

The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor venetoclax has an emerging role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with promising response rates in combination with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine in older patients. The tolerability and efficacy of venetoclax in combination with intensive chemotherapy in AML is unknown.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with AML who were ≥ 65 years (≥ 60 years if monosomal karyotype) and fit for intensive chemotherapy were allocated to venetoclax dose-escalation cohorts (range, 50-600 mg). Venetoclax was administered orally for 14 days each cycle. During induction, a 7-day prephase/dose ramp-up (days −6 to 0) was followed by an additional 7 days of venetoclax combined with infusional cytarabine 100 mg/m2 on days 1-5 and idarubicin 12 mg/m2 intravenously on days 2-3 (ie, 5 + 2). Consolidation (4 cycles) included 14 days of venetoclax (days −6 to 7) combined with cytarabine (days 1-2) and idarubicin (day 1). Maintenance venetoclax was permitted (7 cycles). The primary objective was to assess the optimal dose schedule of venetoclax with 5 + 2.

RESULTS

Fifty-one patients with a median age of 72 years (range, 63-80 years) were included. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached with venetoclax 600 mg/day. The main grade ≥ 3 nonhematologic toxicities during induction were febrile neutropenia (55%) and sepsis (35%). In contrast to induction, platelet recovery was notably delayed during consolidation cycles. The overall response rate (complete remission [CR]/CR with incomplete count recovery) was 72%; it was 97% in de novo AML and was 43% in secondary AML. During the venetoclax prephase, marrow blast reductions (≥ 50%) were noted in NPM1-, IDH2-, and SRSF2-mutant AML.

CONCLUSION

Venetoclax combined with 5 + 2 induction chemotherapy was safe and tolerable in fit older patients with AML. Although the optimal postremission therapy remains to be determined, the high remission rate in de novo AML warrants additional investigation (ANZ Clinical Trial Registry No. ACTRN12616000445471).
“Isahama Women Farmers” against Enclosure
Authors: Matsumura Wendy
Published: July 2020

In July 1954, the US military notified residents of Isahama, Ginowan, in the central part of Okinawa Island, of their evictions from their lands. Despite immediate opposition by residents, the military rejected all appeals on the grounds that this and other evictions were necessary to make the world safe for democracy. Though Isahama’s residents were discouraged by their failure to extract a more favorable outcome from military authorities, their struggle to keep their lands from being requisitioned—and similar struggles that erupted in Iejima, Furujima, and Mawashi—are widely recognized as the sparks that ignited the “all-island struggle” of 1956. This article considers the roles that Isahama’s women farmers played in inspiring the mass mobilization of 1956. While scholars have characterized the power of their protests as stemming precisely from their apolitical character—from their desperation as mothers and wives simply trying to protect their families from certain death—it proposes a reconsideration of this assessment. A Marxist feminist perspective that centers on the concept of social reproduction enables a linking of their struggle to a broader genealogy of political struggle in Okinawa and beyond to one that women and feminists waged against capital, militarism, and patriarchy.
Non-invasive evaluation for benign and malignant subcentimeter pulmonary ground-glass nodules (≤1 cm) based on CT texture analysis
Authors: Hu Xianghua , Ye Weichuan , Li Zhongxue , Chen Chunmiao , Cheng Shimiao , Lv Xiuling , Weng Wei , Li Jie , Weng Qiaoyou , Pang Peipei , Xu Min , Chen Minjiang , Ji Jiansong
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

To investigate potential diagnostic model for predicting benign or malignant status of subcentimeter pulmonary ground-glass nodules (SPGGNs) (≤1 cm) based on CT texture analysis.

Methods:

A total of 89 SPGGNs from 89 patients were included; 51 patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and 38 were diagnosed with inflamed or infected benign SPGGNs. Analysis Kit software was used to manually delineate the volume of interest of lesions and extract a total of 396 quantitative texture parameters. The statistical analysis was performed using R software. The SPGGNs were randomly divided into a training set (n = 59) and a validation set (n = 30). All pre-normalized (Z-score) feature values were subjected to dimension reduction using the LASSO algorithm,and the most useful features in the training set were selected. The selected imaging features were then combined into a Rad-score, which was further assessed by ROC curve analysis in the training and validation sets.

Results:

Four characteristic parameters (ClusterShade_AllDirection_offset4_SD, ShortRunEmphasis_angle45_offset1, Maximum3DDiameter, SurfaceVolumeRatio) were further selected by LASSO (p < 0.05). As a cluster of imaging biomarkers, the above four parameters were used to form the Rad-score. The AUC for differentiating between benign and malignant SPGGNs in the training set was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.671, 0.913), and the sensitivity and specificity were 86.10 and 65.20%, respectively. The AUC in the validation set was 72.9% (95% CI: 0.545, 0.913), and the sensitivity and specificity were 86.70 and 60%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present diagnostic model based on the cluster of imaging biomarkers can preferably distinguish benign and malignant SPGGNs (≤1 cm).

Advances in knowledge:

Texture analysis based on CT images provide a new and credible technique for accurate identification of subcentimeter pulmonary ground-glass nodules.
Investigating a novel multiplex proteomics technology for detection of changes in serum protein concentrations that may correlate to tumor burden
Authors: Ren Annie He , Prassas Ioannis , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Jarvi Stephanie , Gallinger Steven , Kulasingam Vathany , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: July 2020

Background: To account for cancer heterogeneity, we previously introduced the concept of “personalized” tumor markers, which are biomarkers that are informative in subsets of patients or even a single patient. Recent developments in various multiplex protein technologies create excitement for the discovery of markers of tumor burden in individual patients, but the reliability of the technologies remains to be tested for this purpose. Here, we sought to explore the potential of a novel proteomics platform, which utilizes a multiplexed antibody microarray, to detect changes in serum protein concentration that may correlate to tumor burden in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: We applied the Quantibody® Human Kiloplex Array to simultaneously measure 1,000 proteins in sera obtained pre- and post-surgically from five pancreatic cancer patients. We expected that proteins which decreased post-surgery may correlate to tumor burden. Sera from two healthy individuals, split into two aliquots each, were used as controls. To validate the multiplexed results, we used single-target ELISA assays to measure the proteins with the largest serum concentration changes after surgery in sera collected pre- and post-surgically from the previous five patients and 10 additional patients.

Results: The multiplexed array revealed nine proteins with more than two-fold post-surgical decrease in at least two of five patients. However, validation using single ELISAs showed that only two proteins tested displayed more than two-fold post-surgical decrease in one of the five original patients. In the independent cohort, six of the proteins tested showed at least a two-fold decrease post-surgery in at least one patient.

Conclusions: Our study found that the Quantibody® Human Kiloplex Array results could not be reliably replicated with individual ELISA assays and most hits would likely represent false positives if applied to biomarker discovery. These findings suggest that data from novel, high-throughput proteomic platforms need stringent validation to avoid false discoveries.
A protocol for the establishment and evaluation of an older adult stakeholder panel for health services research
Authors: Conneely Mairéad , Boland Pauline , O'Neill Aoife , Byrne David , Cronin Sinéad , Quinn Dominic , Trépel Dominic , Leahy Siobhán , Salsberg Jon , Galvin Rose , Robinson Katie
Published: July 2020

Background:

There has been a policy shift towards public and patient involvement (PPI) in population health and health services research in Ireland and internationally. Despite growing evidence that PPI can have positive impacts on the quality and appropriateness of health research, little is known about the involvement and impact of older adults as research partners. The aim of this study is to 1) describe the process of establishing a PPI panel of older adults, family carers and ageing research academics and 2) to evaluate the impact of this research partnership on all research partners.

Methods:

A partnership-focused framework will guide the recruitment and establishment of a PPI panel of older adults, family carers and academic researchers. Eight to ten older adults and four to six family carers with experience of using health services will be recruited through gatekeepers in a range of non-governmental, voluntary, and community organisations in the Mid-West region of Ireland. Academic researchers will be recruited through the Ageing Research Centre at the University of Limerick. To evaluating the impact of the research partnership on all members of the PPI panel we propose to record an activity log, maintain a record of all meeting, panel discussions and conduct individual interviews with all members of the research team at key time points. The final plan for evaluation will be negotiated and agreed with all members of the PPI panel. Data will be transcribed, managed in NVivo and analysed using an inductive approach to thematic analysis. Dissemination of research findings will be facilitated by the research partnership team of academics and older adults.

Discussion:

This study will identify learning about the process of establishing a PPI panel guided by a partnership-focused framework and will evaluate the impact of participation in a PPI panel for all members of the research team.
Diagnóstico situacional de mortalidade entre adolescentes em condição de vulnerabilidade [Situational diagnosis of death among adolescents in conditions of vulnerability] [Diagnóstico situacional de mortalidad entre adolescentes en condiciones de vencibilidad]
Authors: Neto José Antonio De Sá , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da , Knupp Virginia Maria De Azevedo Oliveira , Souza Aryane Chagas de , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: identificar as principais causas de óbito entre adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos em um município no interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, a partir do levantamento de dados em registros de óbitos do município de Rio das Ostras. O desfecho foi causa básica do óbito. Os dados foram processados no Programa R. Resultados: foram observados 84 (100%) óbitos, com maior prevalência entre adolescentes de 17 a 19 anos, 49 (58,3%), do sexo masculino, 71 (84,5%) e de cor parda, 38 (45,2%). As principais causas de óbitos foram Perfuração por Arma de Fogo/homicídio, 35 (41,7%), e acidentes, 32 (38,1%). Conclusão: o reconhecimento dessa vulnerabilidade configura importante caminho para o enfrentamento e resolução desse grave problema, sobretudo municípios localizados longe de centros urbanos, parece muitas vezes esquecido, no que tange o cumprimento de estatutos e políticas públicas a favor desse grupo etário.
Autoantibodies in the diagnostic work-up of neuropathy: clinically useful or purely academic?
Authors: Sahi Nitin , Ghasemi Majid , Rajabally Yusuf A
Published: July 2020

The search for autoantibodies in patients with acute and chronic neuropathies has become widespread in neurological practice. These tests are more routinely available and therefore are more commonly requested in larger hospitals with neuroscience centres, although they are now also regularly requested from district general hospital settings, including by non-neurologists. However, the clinical value of these frequently expensive tests is often unclear and their impact on management not always obviously beneficial. This article reviews the main immunological tests used to search for specific autoantibodies in the setting of neuropathy and discusses their potential diagnostic importance, together with the eventual therapeutic implications of results obtained.
Assessment of Spray Deposition and Losses in an Apple Orchard with an Unmanned Agricultural Aircraft System in China
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Longlong , Liu Yajia , He Xiongkui , Song Jianli , Zeng Aijun , Wang Zhichong
Published: July 2020

Highlights

Field tests were performed in an orchard to evaluate spray performance of an unmanned agricultural aircraft system.

A conventional air-assisted orchard sprayer was applied as a reference for comparing the feasibility of UAAS.

The canopy deposition, airborne drift, loss to ground, and sprayer external contamination were tested.

Field test results can provide a reference for the application of UAAS for pest control in orchards.

Abstract.

Unmanned agricultural aircraft system (UAAS) technology has developed rapidly in China in recent years. Due to their high application efficiency, all-terrain operation, and low-volume spraying, UAASs have been widely used for pest management in field crops, achieving good pest control and reduced pressure on farmers. In this study, the applicability of UAAS for orchard protection was tested in an apple orchard by spraying with a four-rotor UAAS and a conventional air-assisted orchard sprayer. The spray characteristics of both sprayers, including canopy deposition, drift in the air, loss to the ground, and external contamination on the sprayer, were measured and compared. The field results showed that the effective spray swath width of the UAAS was 2.23 m, and the maximum droplet density was 132 droplets cm
-2
in the center of the flight line. The actual deposition in the tree canopy was lower with the UAAS than with the air-assisted sprayer, but the normalized deposition of the UAAS was equivalent to that of the air-assisted sprayer, and the coefficient of variation for deposition in all parts of the canopy was obviously higher for the UAAS than for the air-assisted sprayer. Due to the airflow produced by the high-speed rotors, the spray drift in the air was much higher with the UAAS than with the air-assisted sprayer, whereas the ground loss of the UAAS was 1/5 that of the air-assisted sprayer. Moreover, the rotor airflow of the UAAS caused a large amount of droplets to attach to the sprayer fuselage, causing the external contamination on the UAAS to be five times that of the air-assisted sprayer. Results showed that the use of a multirotor UAAS for plant protection in an orchard had considerable influence on the spray drift and external contamination of the spray equipment. Based on the results, the following recommendations can be made: (1) plant protection with a UAAS should be attained by spraying at a reasonable height to reduce the drift in the air, and (2) UAAS manufacturers should develop adequate spraying systems as well as appropriate UAAS designs for plant protection. Keywords: Air-assisted orchard sprayer, Apple orchard, Spray deposition, Spray loss, UAAS.
On-Farm Testing of a Zeolite Filter to Capture Ammonia and Odors from a Dairy Manure Flushing System
Authors: de Haro Martí Mario Emanuel , Neibling William Howard , Chen Lide , Chahine Mireille
Published: July 2020

Highlights

A zeolite filter achieved 92% reduction in ammonia emissions from a dairy flushed manure pit.

The reduction in odor concentration was 45% at a minimum filter residence time of 0.9 seconds.

The on-farm filter and air collection structure over a manure pit demonstrated the applicability of the project.

Abstract.
The concentration of large numbers of animals in relatively small areas, high production output per animal unit, and concentration of animal excretions and air emissions are some of the characteristics of modern animal agriculture. Ammonia (NH3) and odors are among the most noticeable as well as locally and regionally problematic emissions generated by concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) dairy production systems. Zeolites are defined as aluminosilicates with open three-dimensional framework structures composed of corner-sharing TO4 tetrahedra, where T is Al or Si. Zeolites are able to lose or gain water reversibly and to exchange and retain cations, including NH3 and ammonium. This study demonstrated the design and performance of a zeolite filter treating the airstream from a flushed manure pit installed on-farm at a commercial dairy. Clinoptilolite zeolite mined in Idaho was used as the filter medium. The capacity of the filter to reduce NH3 emissions was tested at three, six, and 59 days of filter operation. Reduction of odor emissions was tested at six days of operation. NH3 emissions were reduced by 92% (p < 0.001) at three days of operation and by 42% (p = 0.13) at 59 days of operation. The ammonia concentration in the pre-treatment airstream from a dairy manure collection pit was relatively high at 5.287 ±0.04 mg NH3-N m-3 (p < 0.001). The odor concentration reduction was 45% (p = 0.001) at six days of operation with the minimum empty bed residence time of 0.9 s. Total trial running time was 59 days. The roof-like pit cover structure used for air collection and the zeolite filter were proven to be capable of operating in the harsh on-farm environment and to be adaptable to changing operating conditions within the dairy. Keywords: Air filtration, Ammonia, Clinoptilolite, Dairy, Manure, Odor, Zeolite
Modeling the Effects of Future Hydroclimatic Conditions on Microbial Water Quality and Management Practices in Two Agricultural Watersheds
Authors: Coffey Rory , Butcher Jonathan , Benham Brian , Johnson Thomas
Published: July 2020

Highlights

Increased fecal coliform (FC) loading from nonpoint sources is associated with wetter-warmer futures.

Drier-warmer futures reduced FC loads but caused more recreational water quality criteria exceedances.

More extensive BMP implementation may be needed to meet water quality goals.

Abstract.
Anticipated future hydroclimatic changes are expected to alter the transport and survival of fecally sourced waterborne pathogens, presenting an increased risk of recreational water quality impairments. Managing future risk requires an understanding of the interactions between fecal sources, hydroclimatic conditions, and best management practices (BMPs) at spatial scales relevant to decision makers. In this study, we used the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) to quantify potential fecal coliform (FC, an indicator of the potential presence of pathogens) responses to a range of mid-century climate scenarios and assess different BMP scenarios (based on reduction factors) for reducing the risk of water quality impairment in two small agricultural watersheds: the Chippewa watershed in Minnesota, and the Tye watershed in Virginia. In each watershed, simulations show a wide range of FC responses, driven largely by variability in projected future precipitation. Wetter future conditions, which drive more transport from nonpoint sources (e.g., manure application, livestock grazing), show increases in FC loads. Loads typically decrease in drier futures; however, higher mean FC concentrations and more recreational water quality criteria exceedances occur, likely caused by reduced flow during low-flow periods. Median changes across the ensemble generally show increases in FC load. BMPs that focus on key fecal sources (e.g., runoff from pasture, livestock defecation in streams) within a watershed can mitigate the effects of hydroclimatic change on FC loads. However, more extensive BMP implementation or improved BMP efficiency (i.e., higher FC reductions) may be needed to fully offset increases in FC load and meet water quality goals, such as total maximum daily loads and recreational water quality standards. Strategies for managing climate risk should be flexible and to the extent possible include resilient BMPs that function as designed under a range of future conditions. Keywords: Climate, HSPF, Management responses, Microbial water quality, Modeling, Watersheds.
Measurements of Grain Kernel Friction Coefficients Using a Reciprocating-Pin Tribometer
Authors: Chen Zhengpu , Wassgren Carl , Ambrose Kingsly
Published: July 2020

Highlights

A tribometer was used to measure the friction coefficients of corn and wheat kernels.

Both static and dynamic friction coefficients were measured for particle-wall interaction.

Data analysis processes were developed to calculate dynamic friction coefficients for inter-particle interaction.

Abstract.
Various devices have been developed to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) of grain kernels; however, the majority of these tests measure the particle-wall COF at a bulk level. A method that can accurately measure both particle-wall and inter-particle COFs at a single-particle level remains to be developed. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of using a reciprocating-pin tribometer to measure static and dynamic COFs between grain kernels and between grain kernels and wall materials. In this study, the methodology of the test was developed, and representative data from the particle-wall and inter-particle friction tests were reported. It was found that the static COFs of corn-steel, corn-acrylic, wheat-steel, and wheat-acrylic are 0.24 ±0.05, 0.22 ±0.03, 0.32 ±0.02, and 0.29 ±0.03, respectively. The dynamic COFs of corn-steel, corn-acrylic, corn-corn, wheat-steel, wheat-acrylic, and wheat-wheat are 0.22 ±0.06, 0.16 ±0.01, 0.09 ±0.02, 0.30 ±0.02, 0.20 ±0.02, and 0.18 ±0.04, respectively. The current study demonstrates that the reciprocating-pin tribometer is suitable for measuring the particle-wall and inter-particle COFs of grain kernels. Keywords: Coefficient of friction, Grain kernel, Reciprocating-pin tribometer
Accurate deep-learning estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration from the spectral particulate beam-attenuation coefficient
Authors: Graban Sebastian , Dall’Olmo Giorgio , Goult Stephen , Sauzède Raphaëlle
Published: July 2020

Different techniques exist for determining chlorophyll-a concentration as a proxy of phytoplankton abundance. In this study, a novel method based on the spectral particulate beam-attenuation coefficient (c
p
) was developed to estimate chlorophyll-a concentrations in oceanic waters. A multi-layer perceptron deep neural network was trained to exploit the spectral features present in c
p
around the chlorophyll-a absorption peak in the red spectral region. Results show that the model was successful at accurately retrieving chlorophyll-a concentrations using c
p
in three red spectral bands, irrespective of time or location and over a wide range of chlorophyll-a concentrations.
Chirped-grating spectrometer-on-a-chip
Authors: Nezhadbadeh Shima , Neumann A. , Zarkesh-Ha Payman , Brueck S. R. J.
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate an on-chip spectrometer readily integrable with CMOS electronics. The structure is comprised of a SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2 waveguide atop a silicon substrate. A transversely chirped grating is fabricated, in a single-step optical lithography process, on a portion of the waveguide to provide angle and wavelength dependent coupling to the guided mode. The spectral and angular information is encoded in the spatial dependence of the grating period. A uniform pitch grating area, separated from the collection area by an unpatterned propagation region, provides the out-coupling to a CMOS detector array. A resolution of 0.3 nm at 633 nm with a spectral coverage tunable across the visible and NIR (to ∼ 1 µm limited by the Si photodetector) by changing the angle of incidence, is demonstrated without the need for any signal processing deconvolution. This on-chip spectrometer concept will cost effectively enable a broad range of applications that are beyond the reach of current integrated spectroscopic technologies.
Exceeding 50% slope efficiency DBR fiber laser based on a Yb-doped crystal-derived silica fiber with high gain per unit length
Authors: Wan Ying , Wen Jianxiang , Dong Yanhua , Jiang Chen , Jia Ming , Tang Fengzai , Chen Na , Zhao Ziwen , Huang Sujuan , Pang Fufei , Wang Tingyun
Published: July 2020

We fabricated a Yb-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Yb:YAG) crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF) using an assembly consisting of a YAG crystal rod and silica tube on a CO2 laser-heated drawing tower. The fiber has a Yb concentration of 5.66 wt%, and absorption coefficient of 32 dB/cm at 980 nm. The figure of merit of the unsaturated absorption and gain per unit length of the YCDSF are 93% and 4.4 dB/cm, respectively. Based on the results of the numerical simulation, an all-fiber distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser using only a 1.5-cm-long YCDSF is experimentally demonstrated to have a maximum output power of 360 mW with a pump threshold power of 21 mW. The fiber laser also achieved an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 80 dB, a beam quality factor of 1.022 in two orthogonal directions and a slope efficiency of up to 50.5%. These results indicate that the all-fiber DBR laser has potential applications in high-quality seed sources and coherent optical communications.
On-chip dispersive phase filters for optical processing of periodic signals
Authors: Kaushal Saket , Azaña José
Published: July 2020

We develop a dispersive phase filter design framework suitable for compact integration using waveguide Bragg gratings (WBGs) in silicon. Our proposal is to utilize an equivalent “discrete” spectral phase filtering process, in which the original continuous quadratic spectral phase function of a group velocity dispersion (GVD) line is discretized and bounded in a modulo

2
π

basis. Through this strategy, we avoid the phase accumulation of the GVD line, leading to a significant reduction in device footprint (length) as compared to conventional GVD devices (e.g., using a linearly chirped WBG). The proposed design is validated through numerical simulations and proof-of-concept experiments. Specifically, using the proposed methodology, we demonstrate

2
×

pulse repetition-rate multiplication of a 10 GHz picosecond pulse train by dispersion-induced Talbot effect on a silicon chip.
Coherence-induced polarization effects in vector vortex beams
Authors: Joshi Stuti , Khan Saba N. , Manisha  , Senthilkumaran P. , Kanseri Bhaskar
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally coherence-induced polarization changes in higher-order vector vortex beams (VVBs) with polarization singularity. The prominent depolarization on decreasing the transverse correlation width in a focused partially coherent VVB provides a means to shape the intensity profile and degree of polarization (DOP) while preserving the polarization distribution. The intensity variation and DOP dip are found to be dependent on the polarization singularity index of the beam. Our results may provide an additional degree of freedom in myriad applications presently projected with VVBs.
Improving the width of lossy mode resonances in a reflection configuration D-shaped fiber by nanocoating laser ablation
Authors: Fuentes Omar , Vaiano Patrizio , del Villar Ignacio , Quero Giuseppe , Corres Jesús , Consales Marco , Matías Ignacio , Cusano Andrea
Published: July 2020

The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in the optical spectrum depends on the homogeneity of the thin film deposited. In this Letter, a method for improving the FWHM is applied for an LMR generated by a D-shaped optical fiber in reflection configuration. For this purpose, three samples with different attenuation were deposited with DC sputtering thin films of

S
n
O

2
−
x

, and a further controlled immersion of the samples in water was performed. A laser-cleaner method was used to improve the FWHM characteristics of one of the samples from 106 to 53 nm. This improvement can be applied to thin-film-based sensors where there is a problem with the inhomogeneity of the coating thickness. Moreover, with this technique, it was proved that a coated length of just 3–4 mm permits the generation of an LMR, with implications for the miniaturization of the final device.
Simultaneous multisurface measurement of freeform refractive optics based on computer-aided deflectometry
Authors: Wang Daodang , Xu Ping , Wu Zhendong , Fu Xiangyu , Wu Rengmao , Kong Ming , Liang Jian , Zhang Bo , Liang Rongguang
Published: July 2020

Freeform optics, due to the more general surface geometry that offers high degrees of design freedom to control light propagation, has already been widely used in both nonimaging optics and imaging optics. With the recent advances in design and fabrication of freeform optics, one of the remaining challenges is how to accurately measure freeform optical surfaces, especially those included in freeform refractive optics. To meet this imperative need, for the first time, we believe, present an effective simultaneous multisurface measurement method for freeform refractive optics. Instead of using a reflected optical field to reconstruct tested optical surfaces, we develop a surface reconstruction method based on a transmitted field to tackle the challenges caused by the low reflectivity and compound effect of multiple reflection of refractive surfaces. The transmitted fields from refractive elements are measured by computer-aided deflectometry in order to achieve a large measurement dynamic range and high accuracy. Using the transmitted fields, a multisurface reconstruction model based on iterative optimization is then employed to achieve the accurate multisurface measurement simultaneously. The proposed method is demonstrated to be very effective and robust in testing freeform refractive optics, with a future potential for in situ metrology.
Creative Connections: The power of contemporary art to explore European citizenship
Authors: Richardson Mary , Hernández-Hernández Fernando , Hiltunen Mirja , Moura Anabela , Fulková Marie , King Fiona , Collins Fiona M.
Published: July 2020

Across Europe, educational institutions are essential in assisting exploration of politics, culture and history, and the use of creative arts appears crucial to supporting this aim. This article reports on Creative Connections, a multi-partner research project that facilitated exchanges for young people to explore their European identities using online art galleries and blogging technologies. Their multimodal conversations revealed an openness to consider artworks as sources of knowledge and experience. Participants did not focus on the nationality of the artist, but concentrated on the relationship that the subject matter of the work had with their own concerns. Anxiety related to populism, exclusive nationalism, social inequality and new forms of labour appeared to impact young European citizens’ relationships and their perceptions of democracy.
A Memória e a Experiência no Museu da Maré
Authors: Santos Luciana Mendes dos
Published: July 2020

O Museu da Maré foi inaugurado em 2006 no Complexo da Maré, o maior complexo de favelas do Rio de Janeiro. O presente artigo pretende discutir a rearticulação da memória como uma ação de resistência da comunidade, efetivada pela exposição de inauguração do museu chamada “Os Tempos da Maré”, e da ação do CEASM como um movimento social que encontrou no campo de disputas da memória um espaço de valorização da comunidade e uma forma de luta contra o esquecimento de suas histórias, reabrindo um passado para novas narrativas que valorizam a experiência social da comunidade e iluminam o presente com novas possibilidades, ressignificando os símbolos da favela. Para essa discussão serão articulados os conceitos de memória e experiência trabalhados pelos autores Huyssen (2000) e Benjamin (1987).
Patrimônio Cultural
Authors: Ramos Lourenço Soares Francilene
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho é parte integrante de uma pesquisa de mestrado, e tem como objetivo principal discutir as relações entre Patrimônio Cultural, memória, história e os primórdios da sua preservação no Brasil. Assim, discuto a noção de Patrimônio em diferentes sociedades, e suas relações com a memória, história, além de discorrer sobre a ampliação do seu conceito desde o projeto de Mário de Andrade. Apresento também as diferenças entre memória e história para uma melhor compreensão dos elementos que tangenciam o Patrimônio Cultural. Para a realização desse trabalho de abordagem qualitativa, adotei a pesquisa bibliográfica. A partir da pesquisa realizada foi possível depreender que o Patrimônio Cultural é um lugar de conflito, de batalhas de memórias, que seu conceito é dinâmico, e que sua noção varia nas diferentes sociedades.
Territorio y pandemia
Authors: Fedele Javier
Published: July 2020

A partir de ponderaciones generales sobre el nuevo contexto dado por los efectos del Covid19, se formulan reflexiones sobre las políticas públicas y los lineamientos que deberían nutrir las mismas ante este nuevo escenario. Se postula como clave la necesidad de un enfoque basado en el rescate de las estructuras de organización social y urbana orientadas estratégicamente. Simultáneamente se analizan la correspondencia de este contexto de pandemia con la situación de las ciudades y los desafíos a que la expone. Se parte reconociendo la dinámica socio-económica y la alta interdependencia de los territorios urbanos, lo cual los expone a la actual situación de vulnerabilidad. Se recogen algunos de los tópicos vertidos en los debates suscitados en estos días para resituarlos problemáticamente: la cuestión de la densidad, el vacío del espacio público y la insuficiencia del espacio privado, entre otros. Densidades distribuidas, flexibilidades diseñadas y riesgos modulados, se postulan como estrategias urbanas en este contexto, intentando recoger las primeras reacciones en un conjunto de acciones orientadas estratégicamente. Todo ello en el marco de la problemática de los gobiernos locales, proponiendo los enfoques y lineamientos consecuentes para abordar los planes y proyectos de ciudad.
Editorial - Acreditar, capacitar e certificar – atestando a qualificação profissional
Authors: Caldeira Celso
Published: July 2020

Editorial
Tópico Especial - Canal mesiovestibular 2 (MV2): como vencer as dificuldades durante seu tratamento
Authors: Almeida RODRIGUES Evaldo , Azevedo RIOS Marco , MACEDO JUNIOR Francisco , Azevedo PASSINHO Diogo
Published: July 2020

s canais radiculares, quando não tratados, podem ter um impacto direto na previsibilidade do tratamento endodôntico. Hoje, já se sabe que o canal mesiovestibular 2 (MV2) é o mais esquecido sem tratamento durante a terapia endodôntica e, quando isso acontece, a probabilidade de apare- cimento de doença inflamatória na região periapical é de 4,5 a 6,5 vezes maior do que em dentes que tiveram todos os canais tratados. Sendo assim, o clínico deve conhecer informações importantes relacionadas às complexidades anatômicas que dificultam o acesso e exploração desse canal, bem como conhecer manobras que facilitam o seu tratamento, uma vez que localizar e negociar o MV2 sempre foi um grande desafio. O objetivo do presente estudo é mostrar os principais obstáculos enfrentados para localizar e tratar o canal MV2, e orientar como essas dificuldades podem ser superadas no dia a dia da clínica endodôntica.
Avaliação ex vivo da durabilidade de sistemas de instrumentação de NiTi tratados termicamente
Authors: Azevedo SIMÕES Christiane Kelly , Almeida AGUIAR Bernardo , Arcanjo FROTA Luciana Maria , Darius VIVACQUA Flavia , Táccio de Miranda CANDEIRO George , Carvalho de VASCONCELOS Bruno , VIVACQUA-GOMES Nilton
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar três sistemas de instrumentação de NiTi, tratados termicamente, quanto ao número de condutos instrumentados até a fratura. Métodos: Foram utilizados 210 molares humanos inferiores e superiores com curvaturas leves a moderadas, comprimentos reais entre 19 e 21 mm e forames apicais até 200μm. Esses foram randomicamente divididos em três grupos de acordo com o sistema de instrumentação utilizado: Reciproc (REC; R25), ProDesign Duo Híbrido (PDH; #25/.01 e #25/.08) e TF Adaptive (TFA; #25/.08). Foram utilizados 5 instrumentos/kits de cada sistema. Registrou-se, então, o número de condutos instrumenta- dos até a fratura e o número de reinserções necessárias até o alcance do comprimento de trabalho. Resultados: A análise estatística apontou diferenças significativas quando comparada a durabilidade dos sistemas, tendo os instrumentos do grupo PDH oferecido os maiores valores (29,2), seguido de REC (21,6) e TFA (15,4) (p<0,05). Quanto ao número de reinserções, o sistema TFA foi o que necessitou do menor número de reinserções (p<0,05). Conclusão: Nas condições do estudo, pode-se concluir que o sistema ProDesign Duo Híbrido foi o mais durável; ainda que o sistema TF Adaptive tenha alcançado o comprimento de trabalho com maior facilidade.
Tratamento de reabsorção radicular interna perfurante em incisivo central superior: relato de caso
Authors: Boaventura MENDES Élida , Moreira de ALMEIDA Gustavo , dos Santos FROZONI Marcos Roberto , Costa PORTO JR Alberto
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Reabsorção radicular interna é a perda progressiva de dentina intrarradicular como resultado de atividades clásticas. Geralmente, mantém-se assintomática e é diagnosticada durante o exame radiográfico de rotina. O correto diagnóstico é de extrema importância para evitar a terapêutica inadequada, já que, em alguns casos, sua progressão pode resultar na perda do elemento dentário. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de perfuração radicular causada por uma reabsorção interna inflamatória em incisivo central superior, em terço médio da raiz, com integridade do terço apical. Métodos: O tratamento foi realizado usando técnica de obturação com cones de guta-percha e cimento endodôntico à base de resina epóxi no terço apical e agregado trióxido mineral na área da reabsorção, com auxílio do microscópio operatório. Resultado: Após um período de três anos de acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico, pode-se confirmar o processo de reparo, demonstrando que é possível obter sucesso em casos de reabsorção perfurante. Conclusão: Mesmo em casos em que há comunicação da polpa dentária com tecidos periodontais, é possível salvar o elemento dentário com o diagnóstico preciso e tratamento correto.