bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AMMI biplot analysis for stability in early maturity group of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Siddi Sreedhar , Anil D , Fiyaz R Abdul
Published: January 2023

Recent predictions on climate change indicate that episodes of unseasonal rains, cold stress, and high temperatures are expected to impact rice production and productivity. To obtain consistent yield across diverse environments, a rice variety should have adaptability and stability to fit into various growing seasons and locations. In the present investigation, AMMI model was employed to assess the stability of nine rice genotypes of the early maturity group across two summer and rainy seasons. Combined analysis of variance expressed a significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction for grain yield and days to 50% flowering. The study also suggested environmental effect as the greatest part of the variation, followed by genotypic and genotype × environment interaction effects for these traits. Biplots and statistics of AMMI identified that G1, G3 and G5 were the most stable and adapted high yielding rice genotypes, while G9, G4 and G6 appeared to be the most stable genotypes with earliness. Hence, these genotypes could be used as directly as varieties or as donors in future breeding programmes for improving rice productivity in the early maturity group after evaluation under multi-location trials.
Peran Orang Tua dalam Menanggulangi Kecanduan Bermain Game Anak: Studi Kasus di Desa Jantuk Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Asparini Leila , Sumardi Lalu
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of how the role of parents is in providing efforts to control children’s habits of playing online games. The approach used is a qualitative approach. This type of research includes case studies. Sources of data from this study were obtained from informants, namely parents of children who like to play online games and community leaders in Jantuk Village. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews and observation. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman and Saldana which consists of three techniques, namely: data condensation, data display and drawing conclusions. The results showed that parental guidance in overcoming children who are addicted to online games has several ways, namely: limiting the use of gadgets to children, accompanying children to play, directing children to positive activities, giving advice, placing gadgets in a hidden place and setting a password on them. Gadgets, as well as giving consequences to children if they don’t comply with the rules made by parents. The results of assisting parents in dealing with children addicted to online games are that children are no longer addicted to online games, are more able to take advantage of time, are responsible when doing something and are more able to manage time when going to play and when doing their schoolwork, and will be more open to the environment. Surrounding.
Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa melalui Media Papan Mata Uang pada Materi Nilai dan Kesetaraan Mata Uang di Kelas 2 MI Miftahul Ulum
Authors: Aprilia Irmawati , Fadilah Yulina
Published: January 2023

This study aims to increase the activity and learning outcomes of grade 2 students at MI Miftahul Ulum Kropak Bantaran Probolinggo, especially in the subject matter of values and currency equality using currency board media. Because students are easily fooled about the value and change when transacting. This study used the Classroom Action Research method or Classroom Action Research, abbreviated as CAR. The subjects in this study were 35 students of grade 2 MI Miftahul Ulum consisting of 18 female students and 17 male students. In this study consisted of 2 cycles. Data collection techniques used in this study are: observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The results showed that there was an increase in teacher activity from the beginning of cycle 1 from 72.5% to 85.0% in cycle 2, as well as student activity which increased from the beginning of cycle 1 from 73.75% to 87.50% in cycle 2. Likewise, student learning outcomes also experienced an increase from the pre-cycle which obtained an average of 64.14 with a completeness percentage of 42.85%, and increased in cycle 1 with an average of 74.57 with a completeness percentage of 74.14%, and at the end of cycle 2 an average of 84.85 was obtained with a completeness percentage of 88.57%. Thus it can be concluded that using currency board media can increase the activity and learning outcomes of Mathematics in the subject matter of values and currency equality in class II MI MIFTAHUL ULUM Kropak Bantaran Probolinggo students in the 2022/2023 academic year
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bahasa Anak melalui Metode Bercerita pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Sahadatunnisa Athena , Darmiyanti Astuti , Munafiah Nida’ul
Published: January 2023

Providing stimulation through early childhood education needs to be given comprehensively, in the sense that children are not only intelligent in their brains, but also intelligent in other aspects of their lives. One of the intelligences that is important and needs to be stimulated is language development. The type of research used by researchers.Classroom action research is a form of research carried out by teachers in carrying out their main tasks, namely managing the implementation of teaching and learning activities (KBM). B is still not optimal. The methods and media used must vary, for example the teacher uses additional media such as audio-visual media, so when the child is unable to express his language through stories, the teacher invites the child to watch and listen to a story from a children's film, then after finishing the teacher instructs the child to pour it back through the story according to their own imagination. so that as it can be concluded that children are not easily bored and will continue to be enthusiastic and children's language skills will be trained and continue to improve.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Tapak Suci terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Kasar pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Aba 2 Pendil
Authors: Nur Azizah Ivo Sindia , Dheasari Agustiarini Eka
Published: January 2023

Early childhood is an age group that is in a unique development and a lot of children's potential can be developed in this period which is often called the golden age period. In this period the process of development occurs simultaneously in all aspects of child development, one of which is physical motor. However, currently there are many children who are still not interested in motor learning, because they are influenced by gadgets. This research is motivated by the lack of varied learning models so that children's gross motor skills have not developed ideally. Children's physical and motor development can be very important, because of situations for children to adapt survival skills, for example sports consisting of walking, running, jumping, holding objects using both hands & sharing social skills while playing with friends The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Tapak Suci extracurricular activities on children aged 5-6 years. This study uses experimental research methods. Data collection techniques using observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis used the Kolmogorov Smirnov T-Test. Based on the results of calculations using SPSS 16, a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.00 <0.05 is obtained, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, the conclusion is that there is an influence in Tapak Suci extracurricular activities on children's gross motor skills.
Implementasi Pendekatan Kontekstual dalam Menanamkan Nilai Pendidikan Islam di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta
Authors: Wildan Syakur , Mutaqien Itmam , Hamami Tasman
Published: January 2023

Islamic education is an attempt to provide human qualities by having a consistent sense of being a Muslim. Now Islamic education is far from the desired expectation, one of which is declining morals. The decline in morals is the impact of a very large problem and has an effect on the value of Islamic education resources. This must be done in a way to minimize the above problems so that the value of Islamic education resources can provide the common good. Contextual approach as an effort to provide a link to the quality of Islamic education values. The research method used is descriptive qualitative approach with a sample of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Ummah students. The researchers' data collection techniques were interviews and observations, while the data analysis was in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The result of the discussion in this article is that the value of Islamic education with a contextual approach greatly impacts students. That's because contextual learning can help students understand the subject matter they are studying by connecting the subject matter with its application in everyday life, a teacher must provide good education to students to apply the values of monotheism and moral values that exist within themselves. . Thus, the way that can be done in implementing the values of Islamic education with a contextual approach is by creating meaningful relationships, carrying out meaningful activities, working on independent arrangements in learning activities, cooperating, and guiding students to apply critical and creative attitudes to learning activities. his way of thinking.
Strategi Kepemimpinan Pondok dalam Menerapkan Akhlak Santri di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Arifin Bantaran Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors: Nurussofiah Febi Fatlika , Muhammad Devy Habibi , Prasetiya Benny
Published: January 2023

Islamic education plays an important role in the process of forming one's character in order to have a person who has good morals, when the input received is good it will produce something good and vice versa. Because education as the formation of children's character must be given proper attention, therefore educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools are commonly referred to as a solution for parents and society to shape children's character into individuals who have good morals. So the purpose of this research is to find out how the strategy for implementing morals is by the leader of the Miftahul Arifin Islamic Boarding School in Bantaran, Probolinggo Regency. This research is a qualitative research using a descriptive approach with data collection methods from observations, interviews, and documentation. From the results of the study, that the leadership of the Miftahul Arifin Islamic Boarding School in applying the morals of the students brought very significant changes to the students in educating children to become individuals who have good morals. Therefore the researchers concluded that the strategy that the leader gave had a very important and influential impact on the students at the Miftahul Arifin Islamic Boarding School in Bantaran, Probolinggo Regency.
PENGARUH JENIS SOCIALMEDIA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN BIBIT DURIAN MUSANGKING
Authors: Pramita Rahel Anggun , Susrusa Ketut Budi , Arisena Gede Mekse Korri
Published: January 2023

Bibit durian Musangking memiliki potensi besar dalam penjualan durian Musangking secara global hingga ke seluruh dunia. Toko Trubus merupakan perusahaan retail bidang pertanian yang menawarkan produk pertanian, seperti tanaman, media informasi, sarana produksi dan produk olahan herbal, dan memiliki produk unggulan pada bibit durian Musangking. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, penjualan pada toko cabang Toko Trubus mengalami penurunan diakibatkan pengurangan mobilitas. Dampak yang terlihat salah satunya pada penjualan bibit durian Musangking. Penelitian ini bertujuan yaitu: 1) mengkaji karakteristik konsumen bibit durian Musangking, 2) menganalisis pengaruh jenis media sosial terhadap keputusan pembelian. Jumlah responden yang didapatkan sebesar 155 responden dengan pengambilan data menggunakan metode kuisioner, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengkaji karakteristik konsumen dilakukan untuk perusahaan mengetahui target pemasaran online yang tepat sehingga iklan dan konten yang disampaikan dapat tersampaikan maksimal beriringan dengan hasil penelitian memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media pemasaran secara online dapat memudahkan menjangkau konsumen dengan interaktif  dalam keputusan pembelian bibit durian Musangking. Setiap variabel yang diteliti memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing untuk lebih ditingkatkan lagi dalam memaksimalkan pemanfaatan media sosial sebagai media pemasaran online pada perusahaan pada instagram, whatsapp, dan facebook. Ketiga variabel media sosial memiliki hasil yang baik dari segi  kepercayaan artinya konsumen merasa yakin dalam memutuskan pembelian bibit durian Musangking pada Toko Trubus.
LINALOOL IN LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY REDUCE LABOR PAIN
Authors: Cindy Sari Agustin  , Ferina
Published: January 2023

Labor is the time that pregnant women look forward to experience and feel happiness. In labor there are uterine contractions that cause pain, although pain is a physiological process, if not treated immediately it will have a negative impact on the mother and baby. This study aims to reduce pain during the first stage of the active phase of labor. In the journal tracking methodology section, Aromatherapy Lavender pain Labor with Boolean operators used for this journal search are "OR" and "AND". The data sources used for related journal searches are PubMed and Google Scholer. In the search for journals on E-Data based, it is limited to 10 years of publication, which is in the range of 2012 to 2022. The pain scale was obtained after the pretest, when the mother experienced contractions, which was on a scale of 4 (moderate pain). Meanwhile, after being given the intervention, namely giving lavender aromatherapy for 60 minutes, a posttest was carried out after 30 minutes, a pain scale of 3 (mild pain) was obtained, which means that there is an effect of giving lavender aromatherapy to the reduction of labor pain in the first stage of the active phase in maternity. Lavender aromatherapy can reduce labor pain in the active phase of the 1st stage because it contains linalool and eklephalin which can reduce pain naturally. Therefore, it is better for mothers who will give birth to choose lavender aromatherapy as an alternative that mothers can choose to reduce pain during labor
Evaluación de insolvencia financiera de las empresas de transporte mediante el modelo Altman Z-Score para optimizar la toma de decisiones
Authors: Quituisaca Lema Jessica Paola , Guamán Tenezaca Guillermo Absalon
Published: January 2023

Las empresas han contribuido en la sociedad con la producción de bienes y servicios que ayudan a satisfacer las necesidades de las personas y generan empleo. Debido a la situación cambiante del entorno, las empresas se enfrentan a muchos retos, y las que logran mantenerse en el mercado son aquellas que consiguen innovar, no descuidan al cliente, satisfacen todas sus necesidades y mantienen un control adecuado en sus finanzas, de esta manera, también evitarán futuros problemas de insolvencia.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la situación de solvencia de las empresas de transporte en la ciudad de Cuenca, durante los años 2017 al 2020. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, donde se aplica el método Altman Z2-Score, que permite conocer la probabilidad de que exista una futura solvencia o insolvencia. El análisis se aplica tomando los subsectores de transporte urbano, interprovincial y transporte de carga. Al aplicar este método, se logró determinar que el subsector de transporte urbano es el que corre con el mayor riesgo de caer en una futura insolvencia; y al analizar las empresas de acuerdo a su tamaño, todas se encontraban en zona saludable.
KEPADATAN LARVA NYAMUK AEDES sp DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DANGUE (DBD)
Authors: Jernita Sinaga  , Helfi Nolia  , Desy Ari Apsari  , Widia Ayu Sagala
Published: January 2023

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute febrile viral disease that is often accompanied by symptoms such as headache, bone or joint and muscle pain, rash, and low or low white blood cell count, transmitted by mosquitoes through the bite of the Aedes mosquito. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was correlation between the density of Aedes sp mosquito larvae and the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the working area of ??Tanah Jawacommunity health Center, Tanah Jawasub district, Simalungundistrict in 2022. This type of research was an analytic survey with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all houses in Tanah Jawa and the sample was determined by random sampling technique with the provisions of ABJ as many as 100 houses. Collecting data in this study using questionnaires and observation sheets, the data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-square test. The results of this study indicated that the daily water reservoir p value was 0.009 p (0.05), mosquito larvae density p value was 0.008 p (0.05) meaning that there was a significant correlation between daily water reservoirs, the presence of mosquito larvae with the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Not a water reservoir p value of 0.786 p (0.05) means that there was no significant correlation between non-water reservoirs and the incidence of DHF, and the value of the larval density index House Index (HI). ) (31%), Container Index (CI) (5%), Breathe Index (BI) (33%) was categorized as medium density, and the value of Larva Free Rate (ABJ) (69%) was categorized as high. The conclusion in this study was that there were Aedes sp mosquito larvae and there was correlation between the density of Aedes sp mosquito larvae with the incidence of dengue fever and dengue fever in the working area of ??the Tanah JawaCommunityHealth Center, Tanah Jawa District, Simalungun district in 2022.
PENGARUH EDUKASI KESEHATAN PERAWATAN KAKI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN ULKUS KAKI DIABETIK
Authors: Nasution Johani dewita , Sri Siswati  , Dina Marnida Nasution
Published: January 2023

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 15% risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcers will not occur if people with diabetes have the knowledge and are willing to take care of their feet regularly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on knowledge , attitude and prevention of diabetic foot ulcers . Method : Quasy experiment research design pre test - post test control group design. The sample was DM patients who visited the Muliorejo Health Center, the sampling technique was purposive sampling with a sample size of 20 people in the treatment group and 20 people in the control group. The independent variable is health education, the dependent variable is knowledge, attitudes and preventive measures for diabetic foot ulcers. Data collection by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and the Mann-Whitney Test. Results : The results showed: there was an effect of health education on knowledge (p= 0.000), attitudes (p= 0.000) and actions (p= 0.000) in preventing diabetic foot ulcers. Discussion : Health education as an effort to persuade people with DM to be responsible for their health by first increasing their knowledge and attitudes. Future research should use more reliable but simple instruments to measure knowledge and avoid measurement bias.
Composer avec les morts. Les fonctions du spectre sur la scène européenne (XVIe–XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Lecercle François
Published: January 2023

Même s’il a connu des hauts et des bas, le succès des spectres sur les scènes européennes ne s’est pas démenti, du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, alors même que la démonologie sortait peu à peu de la sphère des savoirs légitimes. En explorant surtout un corpus français, italien et anglais (et occasionnellement allemand et espagnol), l’article se penche sur les principales fonctions que le spectre remplissait au théâtre : signe tragique, marqueur dramaturgique, opérateur spectaculaire, instrument cathartique, opérateur démonologique, truchement politique. Le personnage apparaît comme un véritable fonctionnaire aristotélicien, capable de remplir toutes les missions que les théoriciens prescrivaient à la tragédie. C’est dans cette extrême polyvalence que l’on peut trouver quelques explications de son étonnant succès.
Bending one’s eye on vacancy? Stage ghosts, Shakespeare and the question of visibility in English drama
Authors: Kapitaniak Pierre
Published: January 2023

From our 21st-century standpoint, we are used to seeing in the ghost of Hamlet the paragon of the spectral figure on the early modern stage. But how well or how little is this ghost representative of the numerous other plays and the ghosts they stage? How do Shakespeare’s ghosts relate to the history of shadows that stalked the English stages for more than six decades? One of the essential aspects of the returning soul of the dead is its condition of being seen (or at least heard), as most terms used for ghosts (apart from the English one derived from fear) testify. For what is a ghost if it cannot communicate? And how must an actor convey with his body the fact that he is supposed not to have one? On the one hand, the present paper will try to retrace the evolution of the central question of tangibility and visibility of ghosts on a theatre stage, using Shakespeare’s contributions as landmarks in a broader tradition of staging apparitions. On the other hand, it will confront this general trend with Shakespeare’s own development of that supernatural figure.
Comparative Assessment of Soil Chemical Characteristics in Two Contrasting Vegetable Cultivation Systems of Sri Lanka
Authors: Upekshani H. A. N. , Dharmakeerthi R. S. , Weerasinghe P. , Dandeniya W. S.
Published: January 2023

Vegetable cultivating systems in Sri Lanka are characterized by intensive and highly commercialized with very high agricultural inputs. Diagnosing soil fertility levels is essential to supply plant nutrients in a complete and balanced manner minimizing environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to assess soil chemical properties in two intensive vegetable cultivating systems in central highlands of Sri Lanka. Study was conducted in two contrasting vegetable cultivating systems: vegetable-potato-vegetable in Nuwara Eliya (NE) and vegetable-paddy-vegetable in Marassana (M). Soil samples were analyzed for pH, pH-buffer capacity (pHBC), electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), available nutrients such as Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Sulphur (S), Copper (Cu) and Zink (Zn) and optimum values were compared. Among measured properties pHBC, EC, TC%, TN%, from nutrients P, K, Mg, S, and Zn were significantly high (P
Receptors for Immune Complexes on Cells Within a Non-Lymphoid Murine Tumor
Authors: Braslawsky Gary R. , Yaackubowicz Margalith , Frensdorff Asher , Witz Isaac P.
Published: January 2023

In this paper we present evidence that antibodies unrelated to the tumor cell can comprise part of the in vivo Ig surface coat of cells derived from the non-lymphoid murine tumor, TA3/St. This was shown by incubating TA3 cells originating from other OA or BSA preimmunized mice with radioiodinated 125I-OA and 131I BSA. Radioiodine-labeled 125I-OA specifically fixed to cells derived from TA3/St tumors originating from OA-preimmunized mice. On the other hand 131I-BSA was specifically fixed by cell populations from BSA-preimmunized mice. Incubation of these cells in vitro at 37²C abolished the specific binding and antibody could subsequently be detected in the tissue culture medium.

Radioiodine labeled purified soluble antibody-antigen complexes could also be bound to cells derived from freshly harvested TA3/St tumors but not to their in vitro propagated counterparts. Removal of phagocytic or adherent cells from these cell populations decreased the binding of the complexed antibody on freshly harvested TA3/St populations, but did not eliminate it. Inhibition of complexed antibody binding was obtained when TA3/St cells (an H-2a tumor) were pre-incubated with anti H-2a antiserum. Propagation of the tumor in an F1 hybrid (A × C57BL) in which host cells could be distinguished from tumor cells by using an anti H-2b antiserum showed that binding of the immune complex was mostly limited to host cells infiltrating into the tumor population.
Further Studies of Homozygous C3 Deficiency
Authors: Alper C. A. , Colten H. R. , Gear J. S. S. , Rabson A. R. , Rosen F. S.
Published: January 2023

Studies of the inheritance of C3 types and partial deficiency of C3 in over 100 relatives of a previously reported Afrikaner child with virtually no serum C3 revealed that she was homozygous for a C3 gene producing little or no C3, C3-. Metabolic studies with purified radiolabeled C3 in this patient showed a mildly elevated fractional catabolic rate and a markedly reduced synthesis rate for C3. There was also a mild increase in the rate of conversion in vitro of labeled C3 added to her serum and incubated at 37°C for 1 hr. The intradermal injection of C1̄s, which produces a marked increase in vasopermeability in the skin of normal subjects, produced no definite change in the patient, possibly implicating C3 or a protein in the alternative pathway as the normal mediator of this response. On incubating the patient's serum with purified cobra venom factor in the presence of unsensitized guinea pig erythrocytes, C5 inactivation and normal lysis of the red cells occurred, consistent with the venom factor being altered cobra C3.
Clinical Patterns of Bronchial Asthma in Relation to Complement Components
Authors: Kay A. B.
Published: January 2023

In a recent report (Kay et al., Lancet 2:916, 1974), we suggested that measurements of the fourth component of complement (C4) may be of value in the classification of asthma since they correlated better with various asthma-associated clinical features than levels of circulating IgE. In the present study we have shown that 35 adults whose disease originated in childhood show a changing pattern in terms of allergy-associated clinical features with duration of disease and that these also correlated with levels of C4 but not with IgE. In particular, the wheeze pattern changed from episodic to chronic and the levels of C4 were correspondingly lower the longer the duration of the disease. A similar but less significant pattern was found with C3 but not with the individual complement components C1q, C3PA, C6, and C7. Since C4 is particularly sensitive to the action of activated C1, these results do not exclude the possibility that certain patients with chronic asthma have an immune complex-associated mechanism leading to bronchoconstriction possibly as a result of anaphylatoxin release.
Inhibition of C3a and C5a-Mediated Human Leukocyte Chemotaxis by Human C1 Inhibitor (C1 INH)
Authors: Liu David , Patrick Richard , Hollers James C. , Smith C. Wayne
Published: January 2023

It has recently been reported (Smith et al., J. Immunol. 114:216, 1975) that C1 INH can influence complement-mediated chemotactic responsiveness of human blood leukocytes. Depending on the generating source of cytotaxin, the total number of cells responding may be either increased (enhancement) or decreased (inhibition) in the presence of C1 INH. A marked enhancement of chemotaxis was observed when chemotaxin(s) was generated from plasma with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan, or immune complexes. Results of experiments using anti-C3 and/or anti-C5 suggested that C5a was involved in enhancement whereas C3a-mediated chemotaxis was inhibited with C1 INH. The action of C1 INH appeared to be reversible since washing the cells free of C1 INH led to an unaltered chemotactic response.

These experiments have been extended to include trypsin generated cytotaxin from human C3 and C5.

Modified Boyden chambers are routinely charged with 2 × 106 neutrophils/ml and supported in Hanks' balanced salt solution or medium 199 containing either 10% plasma or 1% BSA.
Activation of Properdin (P) and Assembly and Regulation of the Alternative Pathway C5 Convertase
Authors: Medicus R. G. , Götze O. , Müller-Eberhard H. J.
Published: January 2023

Isolated 125I P̄ binds to EAC4b,3b (E-C3b) but not to EAC4b. Bound C3b is therefore considered the P̄ receptor. Partially purified 125I-labeled precursor P does not bind to E-C3b. P is activated and bound by E-C3b in the presence of components B, D̄ and Mg++. Activation was measured by the stabilizing effect of P on E- C5 convertase. Since P is bound to preformed E- in the presence of 0.02 M EDTA, cell-bound C is considered the P-activating principle. E- C5 convertase has a T/2 of 2.5 min at 37°C. It does not require C3 for formation or function. The Km for C5 is 1.4 × 10-7 M. The enzyme forms E-C5b,6,7 sites from C5 (25 µg/ml) and C6 and C7 which are present in 200-fold lower concentration. Addition of P or P̄ increases the T/2 to 8 to 16 min at 37°C. E-C acts on both C3 or C5, as measured by 125I C3 and 125I C5 uptake.
Functional and Structural Similarity Between Human C5 and a Component of Bovine Milk
Authors: Miller M. E. , Ganges R. G.
Published: January 2023

Maximum opsonization of baker's yeast particles by normal human serum requires C5. Sera from mice genetically lacking C5 are deficient in yeast opsonic activity but can be restored to normal by addition of highly purified human C5. Human, animal, proprietary and soy milks are comparable to human C5 in opsonic reconstitution of C5-deficient mouse serum. This reconstitution by each milk is inhibited by highly purified anti-human C5. Further characterization of the opsonically active principle(s) in milk has been carried out by comparison of bovine milk with human C5 in the following assays: 1) effective molecular titration of hemolytically active C5 in plasma or milk by lysis of EAC14oxy23 cells in the presence of C6-9; 2) generation of chemotactic activities by addition of endotoxin or antigen-antibody complexes; 3) heat stability of opsonic activity; 4) inhibition of opsonic reconstitution by milk or plasma of C5-deficient mouse serum by addition of highly purified anti-C5, anti-C3, or anti-immunoglobulins; and 5) chromatographic separation.
Analysis of the Anticomplementary Specificities in Crotolus atrox Venom
Authors: Minta J. O. , Wasi S. , Isenman D. E. , Painter R. H.
Published: January 2023

The availability of a variety of highly purified and well defined factors with different anticomplementary specificities could serve as useful tools for investigations on the biochemistry and role of the complement system in immunopathology. Accordingly, studies aimed at defining the nature and specificities of the anticomplementary factors in the venom of a poisonous North American rattle snake, Crotolus atrox (cav), have been undertaken.

Incubation of fixed amount of normal human serum (NHS) with the venom (CAV) at 37°C resulted in loss of total hemolytic activity as a function of CAV concentration and time of incubation. The anticomplementary activity of CAV was abolished on heating at 56°C for 45 min. Analysis of the reaction mixtures of NHS and CAV showed that the immunoelectrophoretic patterns of Clt, C3, C4, C5, and properdin Factor B were altered. The immunochemical changes induced by CAV were inhibited by 10-2 M EGTA or EDTA and not by 50 mg/ml of SBT1 or LBT1.
Interaction of Anionic Detergents with Human C3 and Consequent Alteration of C3 Antigenicity
Authors: Nilsson U. R. , Wyman S.
Published: January 2023

Antisera raised against the isolated α and β subunits of human C3 (preparation: reduction-dissociation and Bio-Gel A-15 (Bio-Rad) gel filtration in 6 M guanidine HCl-10-2 M dithiothreitol, final dialysis against NaCl, Tris µ 0.15, pH 8.0) reacted specifically with their homologous antigens in double diffusion plates, but gave weak (anti-C3α) or no reaction (anti-C3β) when reacted with C3. Neither antiserum reacted with C3b (trypsin 1%, w/w, 2 min, 23°C). Anti-C3 gave no precipitin line with the isolated subunits. After treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or deoxycholate (DOC), C3 gained full expression of the α-β subunit antigenicity. Concomitantly a partial loss of antigenic reactivity with anti-C3 was observed. The described antigenic alteration of C3 occurred after exposure to SDS at 1.4 × 10-4 (C3/SDS = 4:1 w/w) or DOC at 2.7 × 10-3 M to 8.9 × 10-4 M (C3:DOC = 1.5:11 to 1.5:3.7 w/w) in NaCl µ 0.15, pH 7.4 and 9.0, respectively.
Absence of demonstrable effects of thymocytotoxic antibodies on serum thymic hormone level in NZB mice
Authors: Bach Jean-François , Dardenne Mireille , Bach Marie-Anne
Published: January 2023

Sir: Drs. Gershwin, Steinberg et al. recently reported in the Journal of Immunology (1) data bearing on the evaluation of the mouse rosette assay for thymic hormone. These authors confirmed many of our previous findings on this matter, including: 1) the difference in sensitivity to azathioprine and anti-θ serum of spontaneous spleen rosette-forming cells (RFC)1 from normal and nude mice (2); 2) the restoration of normal azathioprine sensitivity in nude RFC after in vitro treatment with thymosin or normal mouse serum (3, 4) and 3) the age-dependent decrease in the serum level of thymic hormone in normal mice at the age of 6 months, and in NZB mice, prematurely, at the age of 2 months (5). This latter fact led us to the idea that NZB mice present an early cessation of thymic hormone secretion, which might be involved in pathogenesis of their autoimmune disease (5).
Solubilization and Partial Characterization of a Tumor-Associated Transplantation Antigen of the Guinea Pig L2C Leukemia
Authors: Hu Cheng-Po , Konen Theodore G. , Hoes Charles , Green Ira
Published: January 2023

A tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) from guinea pig L2C leukemia cells was solubilized by different methods. It was found that the 3 M KCl extraction yielded the most immunogenic TATA of L2C cells. Immunization of normal strain 2 guinea pigs with this extract in complete Freund's adjuvant gave complete protection against a subsequent challenge with tumor cells. Further fractionation of the KCl extract of L2C cells by Sephadex G-200 chromatography suggested that the immunogenic activity was present in the fraction containing materials with estimated m.w. of less than 20,000 daltons.
Assessment of Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity against Coxsackievirus B3 Viral-Induced Myocarditis Utilizing Hypertonic Salt Extracts of Cardiac Tissue
Authors: Paque Ronald E. , Gauntt Charles J. , Nealon Timothy J. , Trousdale Melvin D.
Published: January 2023

Hypertonic KCl extracts prepared from heart tissues of adolescent CD-1 mice inoculated with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were tested for antigenicity in evaluating cell-mediated sensitivity to CVB3 virus utilizing the agarose droplet cell-migration-inhibition assay. Immune mouse peritoneal exudate cells (IMPEC) from mice immunized against CVB3 virus and Freund's complete adjuvant were specifically inhibited in the cell-migration-inhibition assay with graded doses of KCl-extracted antigen and purified protein derivative (PPD). Unimmunized or “normal” mouse peritoneal exudate cells (NMPEC) were not inhibited in the presence of the CVB3 KCl extracts. KCl heart extracts from mice inoculated with a cardiotropic strain of antigenically distinct mengovirus failed to inhibit CVB3 IMPEC, and noncardiac KCl extracts of liver and spleen from CVB3-inoculated mice also failed to inhibit cellular migration of CVB3 IMPEC. Reciprocal specificity experiments utilizing KCl-extracted antigens from mice infected with antigenically distinct cardiotropic mengovirus failed to inhibit cellular migration of IMPEC from mice immunized against the mengovirus. Serum-blocking power experiments indicate the antigenic KCl extracts failed to bind virus-neutralizing antibodies, indicating absence of detectable quantities of virion antigens. The results indicate that inoculation of mice with CVB3 virus results in the appearance of a new antigen(s) in cardiac tissue reacting with CVB3-IMPEC, but not with mengovirus IMPEC.
The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Cell Populations in Experimental Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Bullock Ward E. , Carlson Elaine M. , Gershon Richard K.
Published: January 2023

Immunosuppressor activity of considerable potency and complexity was generated during the course of chronic, progressive infection of C3H/Anf mice by Mycobacterium lepraemurium. From the 5th through 10th week after inoculation, spleen cells from infected mice mildly but reproducibly suppressed the direct plaqueforming cell response of normal spleen cell cultures to sheep erythrocytes. Suppression at this stage of infection was mediated by cells with macrophage-like characteristics. A marked increase in splenic suppressor activity at 10 to 11 weeks was associated with the appearance of a second suppressor cell subpopulation composed of T lymphocytes. The appearance of these cells was closely related in time to the onset of rapid splenic enlargement and a loss of cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity to antigens of M. lepraemurium in mice at 10 to 11 weeks of infection. Suppressor cells were not present in peripheral lymph nodes until terminal infection at 22 to 25 weeks.

Suppressor spleen cells depressed the T-dependent antibody response most severely, but there was also a direct effect upon B cells as shown by moderate suppression of responses to TNP-LPS and DNP-Ficoll. Spleen cells from 14-week-infected mice generated a soluble suppressor factor(s) that induces depression of moderate severity, however, the immunosuppression by intact cells was far greater.
Molecular Identification of a Surface Structure on B Cells (Lyb-3) and Its Relationship to B Cell Triggering
Authors: Cone Robert E. , Huber Brigitte , Cantor Harvey , Gershon Richard K.
Published: January 2023

Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of cell surface proteins and immunochemical procedures are used to identify murine splenic lymphocyte membrane components bound by anti-Lyb-3 serum. This antiserum defines membrane components (Lyb-3) on a subpopulation of murine B cells that may function as a receptor for T cell signals. SDS-PAGE analysis of surface-labeled membrane components bound by anti-Lyb-3 serum demonstrated a single molecular species of 68,000 d. The polypeptides recognized by anti-Lyb-3 are not composed of disulfide-linked subunits and bear no antigenic relationship with known membrane immunoglobulins (IgM or IgD). Absorption of anti-Lyb-3 serum with the 68,000 d polypeptides removed the ability of anti-Lyb-3 serum to augment the in vivo immune response of mice to low doses of sheep erythrocytes. The latter provides formal proof that the 68,000 d polypeptide bound by anti-Lyb-3 serum is the target on the B cell membrane for the immunoenhancing activity of the antiserum.
Complement-Dependent Changes in the Emission Anisotropy of a Fluorescent Probe in Liposomes
Authors: Abramovitz Aaron S. , Shin Moon L. , Mayer Manfred M.
Published: January 2023

When liposomes carrying Forssman hapten are treated with anti-Forssman IgM and guinea pig serum as a source of complement, trapped 86Rb+ is released. The emission anisotropy (r) of added 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) has been measured in liposomes that were treated with antibody and complement and then separated from released 86Rb+ and most serum protein by agarose 50M gel exclusion chromatography. In untreated control dimyristoyl lecithin/cholesterol liposomes the anisotropy of DPH is r=0.315 (25°C). In controls treated with guinea pig serum but not with antibody, the r value decreases. For example, on addition of 150 µl serum to 0.17 µmole of liposomal phospholipid, the r value was 0.251. When antibody was included the r value declined to 0.179. Thus, a difference of 0.072 is attributable to complement. In a similar experiment, 69 µl C7-deficient human serum added to 0.084 µmole liposomal phospholipid in the presence of antibody gave r=0.287.
Solvent Effects on the Structure of Rabbit C1q̂, a Subcomponent of the First Component of Complement
Authors: Baillie R. D. , Paul S. M. , Liberti P. A.
Published: January 2023

The effect of solvent conditions on the conformation of rabbit C1q̂ was studied by both spectroscopic and nonspectroscopic methods. The conformation of C1q in buffered saline solutions at pH 7.4 or 6.0 did not differ significantly from C1q at twice the saline concentration as determined with circular dichrosim, difference spectroscopy and tritium-hydrogen exchange techniques. Addition of calcium to the buffers had no structural effects in any of the conditions examined. Hydrogen exchange experiments performed at pH 7.4 were also unaffected by Mg++, Mn++ or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. With all the methods used a pH effect was observable between 5.1 and 8.3. From solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy results it was calculated that the equivalent of 9.7 and 6.2 moles of Tyr and Try, respectively per mole of C1q, become exposed at the lower pH. These changes suggest alterations in globular parts of the molecule.
Inflammatory Synthetic Peptides Related to C3a Anaphylatoxin
Authors: Caporale Lynn H. , Erickson Bruce W. , Hugli Tony E.
Published: January 2023

Human C3a anaphylatoxin, the 77-residue polypeptide split from the NH2-terminus of the alpha chain of C3, causes contraction of smooth muscle, release of histamine from mast cells, and increase in vascular permeability. The 76-residue peptide formed by removing the COOH-terminal arginine from C3a shows none of these activities. In this study, oligopeptides from the COOH-terminus of C3a were synthesized by the solid-phase method and found to exhibit these inflammatory activities and to display the specificity of C3a. At a molar dose 50 times that required for C3a, the octapeptide with the sequence Ala-Ser-His-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg stimulated histamine-mediated contraction of guinea pig ileum strips, released vasoactive amines from rat mast cells, and increased the vascular permeability of human and guinea pig skin. Since it cross-desensitized the ileum to C3a but not to C5a or bradykinin, the octapeptide specifically mimicked the action of C3a. It was not chemotactic for human neutrophils over a broad range of concentrations.
C1 Binding to Complexes Consisting of Cross-linked Fc Molecules from Human Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Curd J. , Cooper N. R.
Published: January 2023

The activation of the classical pathway of complement may occur when C1 is bound to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in immune complexes. In order to study the properties of C1 binding and activation we have prepared covalently cross-linked complexes of isolated Fc molecules. The Fc of human IgG was isolated from either limited papain digests or trypsin digests by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Using a C1 binding assay we found that monomeric Fc (papain) did not bind C1 even at concentrations as high as 1 mg/ml. Monomeric Fc (trypsin) did bind C1 weakly. The binding properties of polymeric Fc complexes produced by covalent cross-linking with dimethyl suberimidate in polyethylene glycol were remarkably different from those observed with monomeric Fc. Less than 0.2 µg/ml of Fc complexes found more than 50% of the C1 in the assay.
C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF): Heterogeneity, Polypeptide Chain Structure and Antigenic Reactivity
Authors: Daha M. R. , Austen K. F. , Fearon D. T.
Published: January 2023

C3NeF, recognized by its capacity to stabilize the cell-bound amplification convertase, C3b,Bb, was purified from sera of three patients with hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis by QAE A-50 Sephadex and SP C-25 Sephadex chromatography, affinity for the amplification convertase and QAE A-50 Sephadex chromatography. C3NeF activity exhibited heterogeneity during cation exchange chromatography on SP C-25 Sephadex and on isoelectric focusing, with forms having peak pI's ranging from 8.35 to 8.9 C3NeF was further purified by interaction with purified B, D̄, and C3 to form fluid phase (C3b,Bb(C3NeF) which sedimented as a 10S complex on sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The C3NeF was recovered upon decay of the isolated convertase and was separated from C3b and Bi chromatography on QAE A-50 Sephadex (Daha, Austen and Fearon, J. Immunol. Sept. 1977). The final preparations exhibited specific functional activities of 45 to 50 units/µg protein and were radiolabeled with 125I without decrement in function.
IgG Subclass Studies of C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF)
Authors: Davis A. E. , Gelfand E. W. , Schur P. H. , Rosen F. S. , Alper C. A.
Published: January 2023

The following evidence indicates that C3NeF, a 150,000 dalton protein found in the serum of two-thirds of patients with partial lipodystrophy and one-fifth of those with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, is an immunoglobulin: 1) C3NeF was absorbed by insolubilized anti-IgG, anti-Fc and anti-Fab and was eluted from these absorbents; 2) on isoelectric focussing, C3NeF in 20 patients consisted of multiple bands with pI's around 7.5 and differed from patient to patient; 3) C3NeF crossed the placenta from a patient to her fetus, was associated with low serum C3 concentration in her newborn infant and these abnormalities in the infant disappeared after two weeks; 4) C3NeF had κ antigenic determinants in three patients' serum, had λ determinants in one and in two sera, both. In the present studies insolubilized antisera to IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 were used to study the subclasses of C3NeF in the serum of five patients.
Demonstration of C5-Binding Sites on Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Dierich M. P. , Landen B.
Published: January 2023

Structural homology between C3 and C5 as well as the C5 dependent enhancement of phagocytosis by human PMNL (Segerling, M and W. Opferkuch, Fed. Proc. 35, 273, 1976) prompted us to investigate the presence of binding sites for C5 on lymphoid cells carrying C3 receptors. Raji cells were mixed with solutions of varying concentrations of C5 (2.5–0.01 mg/ml), incubated for 20 min at 37°C and washed three times in buffer. These cells (Raji-C5) were then tested for rosette formation with EAC14oxy23b and EAC14oxy23d. Depending on the increasing concentration of C5 during the preincubation, Raji cells formed less rosettes: interaction with EAC14oxy23d could be depressed nearly completely by C5 (from 70% to 10%), while the interaction with EAC14oxy23b could never be reduced below a certain percentage (from 70% to 35%), This was in contrast to the action of C3, which could prevent Raji cells from reacting at all with either type of intermediate.
A Comparative Study of C1̄ on Normal Lymphocytes and on Lymphocytes from Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Kitamura Hajime , Day Noorbibi K.
Published: January 2023

We have now discovered several patients with hypocomplementemia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and circulating immune complexes in their sera. In addition, in a few patients anti-lymphocyte antibodies were found by C-dependent cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence (Day et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1976). We have postulated that one of the mechanism(s) by which C is depleted is the direct interaction of the anti-lymphocyte antibody and the circulating CLL lymphocytes. This study examined the presence of C1̄ on lymphocytes obtained from normal healthy individuals and from CLL patients with hypo- or hyper-complementemia, using the C1 transfer and C4 consumption tests. Studies of lymphocytes from normal subjects revealed that: 1) In 10 different normal donors 6.0 to 23.8 molecules of C1 per lymphocyte were detected by the C1 transfer test; 2) Lymphocytes could inactivate C4 after incubation with purified C4; 3) C1 could not be detected on erythrocytes, platelets, or monocytes; 4) EDTA treatment of lymphocytes removed C1 from their surfaces and, hence, abolished their ability to consume C4.