bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The in vitro effects of acidemia and acidemia reversal on coagulation in dogs
Authors: Kim Youngju , Bae Hyeona , Yu DoHyeon
Published: September 2024

Background

The effect of acidemia on blood coagulation remains inadequately understood in veterinary medicine. Therefore, we assessed the effect of in vitro acidification of canine whole blood on coagulation and investigated whether acidemia-induced coagulopathy could be reversed by reversing acidemia.

Methods

Citrated whole blood samples were taken from six healthy Beagle dogs and categorized, based on pH adjustment, into neutral, weak acidemia (WA), strong acidemia (SA), and reversal from SA. Then, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration, conventional thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, and velocity curve (V-curve) variables of TEG were assessed.

Results

The PT, aPTT, and most TEG parameters showed significant coagulopathy in the SA group compared to the neutral group, with additional significant changes in reaction time (R), clot kinetic (K), maximum amplitude (MA), split point (SP), elasticity (E), thrombodynamic potential index (TPI), and coagulation index (CI) between the SA and WA groups. Among V-curve variables, the maximum rate of thrombus generation (MRTG) and total thrombus generation were significantly inhibited in the SA group compared to the neutral group, with significant differences in the time to maximum rate of thrombus generation (TMRTG) between the WA and SA groups. In the reverse group, aPTT, R, K, α-angle, MRTG, TMRTG, SP, TPI, and CI exhibited significant recovery compared to the SA group.

Conclusion

The in vitro induction of acidemia in canine whole blood leads to impairment of coagulation profiles, and pH correction can reverse most acidemia-induced coagulopathy.
Comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns and function of the FTO–LINE1 axis in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells
Authors: Ma Zongliang , Chai Zhixin , Yang Huan , Zhang Xiangfei , Zhao Hongwen , Luo Xiaolin , Zhong Jincheng , Wu Zhijuan
Published: September 2024

Background

The long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) retrotransposon has been identified as a specific substrate for fat mass and obesity-related gene (FTO), which facilitates the removal of N6-methyladenosine modifications from its targeted RNAs.

Methods

This study examined the dynamic interaction between FTO and LINE1 in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells, utilizing RT-qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), immunofluorescence staining, and techniques involving overexpression and interference of FTO and LINE1 to elucidate the relationship between FTO and LINE1 in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells.

Results

Cloning and analysis of the FTO coding sequence in Jiulong yak revealed a conserved protein structure across various Bos breeds, with notable homology observed with domestic yak, domestic cattle, and Java bison. Comprehensive examination of FTO and LINE1 gene expression patterns in Jiulong yaks revealed consistent trends across tissues in both sexes. FTO mRNA levels were markedly elevated in the heart and kidney, while LINE1 RNA was predominantly expressed in the heart. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the direct interaction between the FTO protein and LINE1 RNA in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells. The FTO–LINE1 axis was confirmed by a significant decrease in LINE1 RNA enrichment following its expression interference in yak muscle satellite cells. Overexpression of FTO substantially reduced the expression of recombinant myogenic factor 5 (MYF5). However, FTO interference had no discernible effect on MYF5 and myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD1) mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed no alterations in Ki-67 protein expression following FTO interference or overexpression. However, phalloidin staining demonstrated enhancement in the myotube fusion rate of yak muscle satellite cells upon LINE1 interference.

Conclusion

This comprehensive mapping of the FTO and LINE1 mRNA expression patterns establishes a direct interaction between the FTO protein and LINE1 RNA in yak. The findings suggest that FTO overexpression promotes muscle satellite cells differentiation, whereas LINE1 negatively regulates myotube fusion. The study provides fundamental insights into the role of the FTO–LINE1 axis in determining the fate of muscle satellite cells in yak, laying a solid theoretical foundation for future investigations.
Prevalence and significance of a canine bocavirus-2 outbreak in a cohort of military dogs in Austria
Authors: Doulidis P. G. , Reisner R. , Auer A. , Dimmel Katharina , Lammer Thomas , Künzel F.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Bocaviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses from the Parvoviridae family, which have been minimally discussed in veterinary literature and are considered potentially pathogenic. Due to the recurring illness among young dogs in a closed cohort of military dogs in Austria, we assessed the prevalence, possible disease manifestation and outcome of CBoV-2 infection in this cohort.

Materials and methods

This led to a comprehensive study that not only analyzed past cases but also performed prospective screening PCR tests to identify CBoV-2 positive dogs within this specific dog population. Pharyngeal and rectal swabs were taken. In addition, a control group (n = 20) of clinically healthy client-owned dogs was sampled. A total of 190 samples were taken and tested for the presence of CBoV-2 specific nucleic acid using screening PCR. In addition to the primers used for routine diagnostics, two other primer pairs were used to verify questionable results. The retrospective part of the study includes a total of 13 military dogs that had previously shown suspected clinical signs.

Results

At the time of the first examination within the prospective part of the study, CBoV-2 was detected in 31% (12/39) of the dogs. During the second examination, 2% (1/47) tested positive, while all PCR testing in the control group (n = 20) was negative in all cases. The retrospective evaluation of the 13 cases revealed a total of six animals tested positive for CBoV-2 via screening PCR. All puppies suffered from skin lesions (papules, vesicles, or pustules). Other clinical signs included diarrhea (83%), vomiting (77%), respiratory (15%), and neurological (8%) signs.

Discussion

According to the study there are certain indications that CBoV-2 shares similarities with CPV-2 infection but also exhibits critical differences, making their differentiation essential for patient management, outcomes, and prevention strategies.
Research on Train-Induced Vibration of High-Speed Railway Station with Different Structural Forms
Authors: Guo Xiangrong , Liu Jianghao , Cui Ruibo
Published: September 2024

Elevated stations are integral components of urban rail transit systems, significantly impacting passengers’ travel experience and the operational efficiency of the transportation system. However, current elevated station designs often do not sufficiently consider the structural dynamic response under various operating conditions. This oversight can limit the operational efficiency of the stations and pose potential safety hazards. Addressing this issue, this study establishes a vehicle-bridge-station spatial coupling vibration simulation model utilizing the self-developed software GSAP V1.0, focusing on integrated station-bridge and combined station-bridge elevated station designs. The simulation results are meticulously compared with field data to ensure the fidelity of the model. Analyzing the dynamic response of the station in relation to train parameters reveals significant insights. Notably, under similar travel conditions, integrated stations exhibit lower vertical acceleration in the rail-bearing layer compared to combined stations, while the vertical acceleration patterns at the platform and hall layers demonstrate contrasting behaviors. At lower speeds, the vertical acceleration at the station concourse level is comparable for both station types, yet integrated stations exhibit notably higher platform-level acceleration. Conversely, under high-speed conditions, integrated stations show increased vertical acceleration at the platform and hall levels compared to combined stations, particularly under unloaded double-line working conditions, indicating a superior dynamic performance of combined stations in complex operational scenarios. However, challenges such as increased station height due to bridge box girder maintenance, track layer waterproofing, and track girder support maintenance exist for combined stations, warranting comprehensive evaluation for station selection. Further analysis of integrated station-bridge structures reveals that adjustments in the floor slab thickness at the rail-bearing and platform levels significantly reduce dynamic responses, whereas increasing the rail beam height notably diminishes displacement responses. Conversely, alterations in the waiting hall floor slab thickness and frame column cross-sections exhibit a minimal impact on the station dynamics. Overall, optimizing structural dimensions can effectively mitigate dynamic responses, offering valuable insights for station design and operation.
Companions, Captives, Kin: Domination and Affection in the Conceptualising of ‘Pets’
Authors: Cudworth Erika
Published: September 2024

This review article reflects on the idea of the pet, or animal companion. It is a response to the tension between the important role animal companions play in the lives of many people and the ways they are ill-treated and discarded. In examining this apparent anomaly, the paper revisits Yi-Fu Tuan’s conception of pets as produced through the nexus of domination and affection. For Tuan, there is no anomaly in demonstrating both kindness and cruelty towards pets because, while pets may be objects of affection, they are created through practices of manipulation and control. The paper endorses Tuan’s conception of pets as an exercise in domination but argues for a more nuanced conception which allows for the possibility of different kinds of relations. In so doing, it provides an alternative model of human domination which can be seen in the ‘making’ of pets, drawing on a study of people’s relationships and lives with dog companions in the UK. The paper argues for an inclusive concept of pets, involving various species, and which recognises that pet–human relations differ according to the species which are kept. Ultimately, the paper suggests that the terms, concepts and theories we use to understand pets and human relations with them needs to be open to the diversity of species of animal kept and the ways in which this impacts human relations with them. Attention also needs to be paid to the varied kinds of relationship people have with pets based on different kinds of regard for animals. The paper also considers future directions for research, making the case for a critical approach to pet studies.
Cross-Correlation Algorithm Based on Speeded-Up Robust Features Parallel Acceleration for Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensing
Authors: Wen Linxiong , Mei Xiaohan , Tan Yi , Zhang Zhiyun , Chai Fangfang , Wu Jiayao , Wang Shuai , Yang Ping
Published: September 2024

A cross-correlation algorithm to obtain the sub-aperture shifts that occur is a crucial aspect of scene-based SHWS (Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing). However, when the sub-image is partially absent within the atmosphere, the traditional cross-correlation algorithm can easily obtain the wrong shift results. To overcome this drawback, we propose an algorithm based on SURFs (speeded-up-robust features) matching. In addition, to meet the speed required by wavefront sensing, CUDA parallel optimization of SURF matching is carried out using a GPU thread execution model and a programming model. The results show that the shift error can be reduced by more than two times, and the parallel algorithm can achieve nearly ten times the acceleration ratio.
Ergothioneine Improves Seed Yield and Flower Number through FLOWERING LOCUS T Gene Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Koshiyama Tatsuyuki , Higashiyama Yukihiro , Mochizuki Izumi , Yamada Tetsuya , Kanekatsu Motoki
Published: September 2024

Biostimulants are a new category of materials that improve crop productivity by maximizing their natural abilities. Out of these biostimulants, those that increase seed production are considered to be particularly important as they contribute directly to the increase in the yield of cereals and legumes. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural, non-protein amino acid with antioxidant effects that is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. However, EGT has not been used in agriculture. This study investigated the effect of EGT on seed productivity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with an untreated control, the application of EGT increased the seed yield by 66%. However, EGT had no effect on seed yield when applied during or after bolting and did not promote the growth of vegetative organs. On the other hand, both the number of flowers and the transcript levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a key gene involved in flowering, were increased significantly by the application of EGT. The results suggest that EGT improves seed productivity by increasing flower number through the physiological effects of the FT protein. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of EGT on flower number is expected to make it a potentially useful biostimulant not only in crops where seeds are harvested, but also in horticultural crops such as ornamental flowering plants, fruits, vegetables.
Research on the Flipped Classroom + Learning Community Approach and Its Effectiveness Evaluation—Taking College German Teaching as a Case Study
Authors: Wang Jie
Published: September 2024

The evolution of theoretical research on flipped classrooms has ushered in the 2.0 era, in which the inaugural iteration, narrowly focused on process inversion, has proven inadequate in fostering enhanced interaction within flipped classrooms. This shortcoming stems from its disregard for nurturing an efficacious collaborative environment, which has emerged as a pivotal roadblock impeding the sustainable development of the flipped classroom concept. To confront this challenge, this paper advocates for the seamless integration of flipped classrooms with learning communities, underscoring the essence of knowledge construction theory and the imperative of creating a collaborative environment. Furthermore, it introduces the groundbreaking “Tai Chi Pillar” flipped classroom + learning community model and meticulously scrutinizes its effectiveness in the context of college German courses through a case study lens, examining both student learning performance and perception development. A comparative analysis with the standalone flipped classroom model reveals that the proposed model boosts academic performance for 72.6% of students and notably enhances perception development for 72% of learners, albeit with limited success among underperforming students. This underscores the model’s strengths while also highlighting the necessity for continued research and improvement. This study serves as a reference point for sustainable Flipped Classroom 2.0 research and points to future directions for investigation.
Manuscript maps of the Baltic region of the first half of the 18th century in the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors:   Department of Manuscripts, the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dzhioeva Anna R.
Published: September 2024

The publication gives an overview of maps and plans of the part of the Collection of manuscript maps and the Peter theGreat Collection of the Library of the RussianAcademy of Sciences, which relate to the Baltic region of the first half of the 18th century. The mentioned period is divided into two parts by quarters of a century, and within each part geographical and hydrographic monuments, civil construction projects and architectural drawings are considered. The division of the material into groups of monuments makes it easy to visualise the content of the presented part of the Collection, which corresponds to the main historical events of the time and directions of cultural development. Observation of the quantitative ratio of military maps and fortification plans in each period reflects, in general, the historical perspective of Russia's development in the time beingconsidered, thanks to the peculiarities of the collection's core –the collection of Peter the Great's maps and plans from the first quarter of the 18th century and the activities of the Academy of Sciences in the second quarter of the century. Among the presented groups of monuments there are materials of foreign and original domestic works, military landscape and topographic maps and plans and fortification drawings. Attribution of some monuments is attempted, including in some cases by paper watermarks. Some stylistic peculiarities of groups of works are noted with an attempt to explain them. In general, the work may be of reference interest.
SERVING THE NOSTALGIA INDUSTRIES: THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE SOVIET CHEBURASHKA IN THE
LABYRINTHS OF CONSUMER DESPAIR
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State
            University, Nekita A. G. , Malenko S. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod
            State University
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the phenomenon of Dmitry Dyachenko's film Cheburashka, which
premiered on December 23, 2022 at the Karo 11 October cinema. The authors try to explain
the unprecedented commercial success of the project not so much by the originality of
its team’s marketing strategies, but by the presence of certain mythologized images that
represent the continuously growing nostalgia for the USSR in modern Russian society.
Based on sociological data, the authors conclude that the actualization of the image of
Cheburashka during this period is fully consistent with the extreme drama of the
difficult stage in which Russia is located, which largely explains the revival of mass
fascination with the Soviet past and the creative symbols associated with it.Therefore,
the explosive interest of representatives of all generations in this picture is
inextricably linked with the desire of Russians for time-tested visual images of a
happy, calm, and peaceful life. On the other hand, in the desire to overcome alienation
and loneliness, which are the main internal challenges for Russian society, through the
experience of the Soviet experience of individuation, on which entire generations were
formed, the authors see the operation of a powerful compensation mechanism. Therefore,
the study of the image of Cheburashka acquires significant socio-cultural and
political-ideological meanings that can consolidate Russian society at the decisive
stage of its civilizational development.
Ontology Management For Universities
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Böving Roland
Published: September 2024

"What is the 'knowledge' of a university? It is the sum of all experiences and all contributions of students and staff. Knowledge ultimately exists, among other things, in the form of theses, articles, lectures and research reports. The largest knowledge pool of a university is made up, however, of the knowledge and expertise of every single member of the university. As a result of the high rate of turnover of people, knowledge and expertise are on the one hand constantly being lost, but this is replaced by a fresh intake of upcoming young students and lecturers reflecting the spirit of their time. In contrast to commercial enterprises, the knowledge of a university is relatively heterogeneous. The knowledge of a university is a living entity moving at speed and, on account of the many branches of study covered, also forms a part of the current total knowledge of society. In order to model the knowledge of a modern university, such as the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, a semantic ontology was constructed in which, in a first step, all organisational units and people were represented. Furthermore, all publications existing in electronic form were imported and semantic relations were established with people and departments. A networked topic area was created in parallel, which reflects the majority of all relevant topics in the departments. The creation of an h_da specific topic area was achieved by merging and mapping existing ontologies. By semantic linking of publications and lectures with topics, the university ultimately has an experts' portal at its disposal. And the question of who has expert knowledge about specific topics can be answered by a wide range of different semantic relations."
Design Of A Distributed Hadoop Solution For The Multiple Sequence Alignment Algorithm: Clustal Omega
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Daugelaite Jurate
Published: September 2024

"Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) of DNA and protein sequences is one of the most essential techniques in the fields of molecular biology, computational biology and bioinformatics. It aids the identification and prediction of three dimensional structures, primary functions and evolutionary relatedness amongst groups of species, organisms, and genes. Since as the completion of the Human Genome Project and with the advent of sequencing initiatives such as the Genome 10K project, the rate of genome sequencing has increased exponentially, producing vast amounts of DNA and protein sequences. MSA algorithms, when applied to such sequence data, can identify common homology, structure and function to aid disease recognition, medicine discovery and gain better overall knowledge of genomes and proteins. Therefore MSA analysis of such large sequence data sets is fundamental in order to facilitate future medical discoveries. Clustal Omega, is viewed by many as a leading multiple sequence alignment algorithm, aligning more than 190,000 sequences on a single processor in a few hours with high quality and faster processing times than its predecessors. However, despite these capabilities, due to scale of sequence data being produced, there is a requirement for an algorithm that can align vast quantities of sequences, spanning multiple disks, in a cost effective and timely manner. Such “big data” techniques, while very much in their infancy, are currently employed in the technology sector to process and analyse large data sets generated from social media software. This thesis proposes a distributed and parallelised solution for Clustal Omega using the Hadoop/MapReduce ’big data’ paradigm. A detailed design for the pairwise alignment component is provided. Given that Hadoop is currently able to process a PB of data in 16.25 hours and TB in 62 seconds, the proposed system will be able to realise cost effective and timely large scale alignment of PB sized sequence data sets."
Exploring The Impact Of Social Media On Regional Festivals In Ireland: A Public Relations Perspective
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, McCarthy Niamh
Published: September 2024

"This study looks into the area of social media use in Irish festivals from a public relations perspective. The aim of the study is to provide an understanding of the effect social media is having on the regional festival industry in Ireland. The study also accesses how social media has affected the public relations industry and reveals the predicted future of social media in Ireland. The study used a qualitative method of research through use of semi-structured interviews. Interviews were carried out face-to-face, online and on the telephone. All interviewees in the study had relevant experience in the social media and festival industries so it was clear they could provide significant findings for the study. The festivals used in the study were the Matchmaking festival in Lisdoonvarna in Co. Clare, Puck Fair festival in Co. Kerry and the Cork MidSummer festival in Co. Cork. The festivals chosen all have an international reach, are well distinguished and agreed to take part in the study. The author identified that social media is only beginning for regional festivals in Ireland and the festivals that are using social media have limited it so far to Facebook and Twitter. The study also revealed how social media has changed the public relations industry and made it adapt to a different way of communicating to their key audiences. The findings revealed how social media has become a specific role of its own within the PR and Festival industries where as for example the Cork Midsummer festival hired an intern for 2011 to carry out the social media for the festival. The study also provides recommendations for the PR and festival industries in regard to using social media. The author also recommends future study in the subject area."
The Identification And Reduction Of Energy Streams Within The Pharmaceutical Sector Using Software Algorithms
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Corbett Raymond
Published: September 2024

"Pharmaceutical companies are under increasing financial pressure to optimise production costs, due to a growing number of products coming off patent, research and development costs increasing exponentially and the difficulty of bringing genuinely innovative products to market. Generic drug manufacturers are not exempt from these pressures; costs must be driven down by all drug manufacturers due to the increasingly competitive healthcare market. The operating costs of a modern Pharmaceutical Plant run to several Million Euros per annum. Complex process’s involving the consumption of large amounts of energy, and hence costs, are a necessity. Any increase in the efficiency of a manufacturing plant will be reflected in profit margins. An added benefit to this cost reduction is the associated decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. In this study I review the current financial threats to the Pharmaceutical industry, examine the response of the industry to these threats and explain in detail some of the equipment involved in manufacturing these drug products. Furthermore I analyse and break down the energy consumption of the Research and Development Pilot Plant at GlaxoSmithKline, Cork into its constituent parts, identify inefficiencies and implement a project using software to reduce the costs associated with this energy wastage. The project specifically targets the largest contributor to the Pilot Plant’s energy costs- Steam, and software development to reduce the buildings consumption of this service. The algorithm preselects parameters on the building Distributed Control System (DCS) which must be met to ensure Steam is only used for the heating and cooling of vessels via DowthermTM J when the reactor vessels are in use and require temperature control. Detailed analysis is provided regarding the project process and the impact this project has on reducing the running costs of the Pilot Plant."
Semi-automatic Management Of Knowledge Bases Using Formal Ontologies
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Textor Andreas
Published: September 2024

This thesis presents an approach that deals with the ever-growing amount of data in knowledge bases, especially concerning knowledge interoperability and formal representation of domain knowledge. There arc multiple issues that must be addressed with current systems. A multitude of different formats, sources and tools exist in a domain, and it is desirable to develop their use further towards a standardised environment. Such an environment should support both the representation and processing of data from this domain, and the connection to other domains, where necessary. In order to manage large amounts of data, it should be possible to perform whatever actions that need to be performed on the data automatically. This requires that the domain model and actual data that is modelled by it are available in a formal, comprehensive and machine-readable format. The definition of rules must be possible as well. Management of an IT environment is examined as an example domain. Semantic Web technology delivers the base on which the solution to the aforementioned problems can be built. The solution approach presented in this thesis is based on an Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontology, which combines a domain model, instance data and rules. For the particular domain of IT management, the Common Information Model (CIM) is employed and converted into an OWL ontology. A runtime system that has capabilities for importing updated information about the managed system is developed. Current information is extracted using a CIM client module and added as instance data to the ontology. An external reasoner that is part of the runtime system is used to evaluate the information in the ontology, including the rules. Through the combination of domain data, rules that make use of structural and dynamically updated information can be built. Using the evaluation results, reactions can be triggered based on this combined information.
Thermal Stability of 1,4-Dioxaneat Suband SupercriticalTemperatures
Authors: Скребец Т.Э. , Пальцер Р.С. , Ивахнов А.Д.
Published: September 2024

Изучена термическая устойчивость 1,4-диоксана при температурах ниже и вышекритической (300-500 °С) и различных плотностях флюида. Установлено, что при300-350 °С диоксан термически устойчив в течение 80-100 мин; при более высоких температурах в течение этого же времени в системе начинается неконтролируемый рост давления за счет реакций термолиза диоксана. Анализ жидкой игазовой фаз, оставшихся в реакторе после термической обработки диоксана, показал наличие широкого спектра продуктов.

Thermal stability of 1,4-dioxane below and above its critical temperature (at 300-500 °С) and at different fluid densities is studied. In the temperature range of 300-350 °С dioxane is thermally stable during 80-100 minutes; at higher temperaturesduring the same time the uncontrolled pressure growth starts due to the thermalcracking of dioxane. The analysis of liquid and gas phases after the dioxane thermaltreatment shows the formation of a wide range of products.
Micronization of SalbutamolSulfate by Supercritical AntisolventPrecipitation: Effect of ProcessParameters on Size and Morphologyof Obtained Particles
Authors: Воробей А.М. , Покровский О.И. , Устинович К.Б. , Паренаго О.О. , Лунин В.В. , Мирошниченко А.Г.
Published: September 2024

Исследована применимость метода сверхкритического антисольвентного осаждения для получения микрочастиц противоастматического препарата сульфатасальбутамола, пригодных для производства ингаляционной лекарственной формы. В зависимости от концентрации сальбутамола в исходном растворе, скоростиего потока и давления образуются частицы сферической либо игольчатой формы размером 0,7-8,5 мкм. Зависимость среднего размера частиц от концентрации сальбутамола в исходном растворе немонотонна. Определены условия, прикоторых получаемые частицы сальбутамола удовлетворяют требованиям по формеи размеру для производства ингаляционных лекарственных форм.

The applicability of the method of supercritical antisolvent precipitation (SAS) toobtain microparticles of an anti-asthmatic salbutamol sulfate preparation suitable forthe production of an inhalable dosage form is studied. Depending on the concentrationof salbutamol in the starting solution, its flow rate and the pressure, spherical or needleshaped particles of 0.7 to 8.5 microns can be obtained. The dependence of the averageparticle size on the concentration of salbutamol in the initial solution is nonmonotonic.The conditions for the production of particles suitable in shape and size for theinhalation dosage form are determined.
EFFECT OF REAGENTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF BARIUM TITANATE SYNTHESIZED IN SUBCRITICAL WATER
Authors: Холодкова А.А. , Данчевская М.Н. , Ивакин Ю.Д. , Муравьева Г.П. , Пономарев С.Г.
Published: September 2024

Исследованы структура и морфология мелкокристаллического титаната бария, синтезированного в докритическом водном флюиде при температуре 230 °С и давлении 2,9 МПа с использованием различные исходныгх реагентов: оксида бария BaO., октагидрата гидроксида бария Ba(OH) • 8HO и двух модификаций оксида титана (рутил и анатаз). Установлена связь между составом и свойствами реагентов и характеристиками получаемого из них титаната бария, свидетельствующая о твердофазном механизме формирования структуры BaTiO в докритическом водном флюиде.

The structure and morphology of fine-crystalline barium titanate synthesized in a subcritical water fluid at 230 °C and 2.9 MPa were studied. Barium oxide, barium hydroxide octahydrate Ba(OH) • 8HO and two modifications of titanium dioxide (rutile and anatase) were used as starting reactants . Relationships between the composition and properties of the reactants and the characteristics of the product (barium titanate) were revealed. They indicate that the product structure in the subcritical water is formed via a solid-phase mechanism.
TREATMENT OF ULTRA HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE IN SUB-AND SUPERCRITICAL FREONS MEDIA
Authors: Залепугин Д.Ю. , Тилькунова Н.А. , Чернышова И.В. , Власов М.И.
Published: September 2024

Впервые изучен процесс насыщения полиэтилена высокой плотности и полиэтилентерефталата суб- и сверхкритическими фреонами и сверхкритическим диоксидом углерода. Показано, что субкритический фреон R22 поглощается этими полимерами в гораздо большем количестве, чем субкритический фреон R410а, а также сверхкритические R23 и диоксид углерода, что делает его перспективным для использования в процессах импрегнации и стерилизации полимеров.

Process of saturation of ultra high density polyethylene with sub- and supercritical freons and supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated for the first time. It was shown that subcritical freon R22 can be absorbed in much larger amounts by these polymers than subcritical freon R410à, as well as supercritical R23 and carbon dioxide, which makes it promising for use in the processes of impregnation and sterilization of polymers.
SMALL VOLUME CYCLONE SEPARATOR FOR SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDEXTRACTION
Authors: Устинович К.Б. , Прокопчук Д.И. , Покровский О.И. , Паренаго О.О. , Лунин В.В.
Published: September 2024

Разработан дизайн циклонного сепаратора малого объема для сверхкритической флюидной экстракции со сменными резервуарами для улавливания экстракта. Предложен способ изготовления такого сепаратора методом SD-печати из легкодоступного полимерного материала. Показано, что сепаратор малого объема позволяет достигать большей полноты улавливания экстрактов по сравнению со стандартным для сверхкритической флюидной экстракции циклонным сепаратором большого объема.

A low-volume cyclone separator with changeable extract collection reservoirs for the supercritical fluid extraction is designed. A method for manufacturing the designed separator by 3D-printing from an available polymer is proposed. It is shown that the designed small volume separator allows for a greater extract recovery compared to a standard large volume cyclone separator in the supercritical fluid extraction.
Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of 1,2-Aminoalcohols (review)
Authors: Геньш К.В. , Геньш Т.С. , Базарнова Н.Г.
Published: September 2024

Препаративное разделение энантиомеров - одно из наиболее распространенных применений сверхкритических флюидных технологий в современной производственной практике. В обзоре рассмотрены способы разделения энантиомеров фармацевтических субстанций, в структуре которых присутствует фрагмент 1,2-аминоспирта, с применением сверхкритической флюидной хроматографии. Также кратко обсуждаются типы хиральных фаз, применяемых в сверхкритической флюидной хроматографии.

Reparative separation of enantiomers is one of the most common applications of supercritical fluid technologies in modern production practice. In this review, methods for the preparative separation of enantiomers of pharmaceutical substances in which a 1,2-amino alcohol moiety is present are provided, using supercritical fluid chromatography. The types of chiral phases used in supercritical fluid chromatography are also briefly considered.
Optimization of Extraction Process of Oil of Alcoholic Beverage Production Berry Waste on an Example of Rowanberry
Authors: Ивахнов А.Д. , Садкова К.С. , Собашникова А.С. , Скребец Т.Э.
Published: September 2024

С использованием ротатабельного композиционного униформ-плана 2-го порядка найдены оптимальные параметры выхода экстракта масла из переработанных плодов рябины (Sorbus aucuparia): давление 321 атм, температура 85 °С, продолжительность экстракции 72 мин. Прогнозируемый в этих условиях выход масла (9,06%) подтвержден экспериментально (9,02%). Выделенное масло охарактеризовано по антиоксидантной активности (АОА), составу жирных кислот, кислотному и иодному числу, а также числу омыления. Для сравнения использовали масло, полученное экстракцией н-гексаном.

Process of extraction of oil of the processed rowanberry has been optimized with use of central composite design of 2nd order. In work influence of pressure, temperature and duration on an extract exit is estimated. According to the used model optimum parameters are offered: duration of 72 minutes, temperature 85 °C and pressure 320,75 atm. The predicted oil exit (9,06%) in these conditions is experimentally confirmed (9,02 %). The oil was characterized on antioxidant activity (AOA), fatty acids, acid number, iodic number and number of saponification. The oil received by hexane extraction was used as an example for comparison. The workwas carried out using the equipment of the Centre of collective usage scientific equipment»Arctic» NArFU . The unique identifier is RFMEFI59417X0013.
Polymorphism of the Micronized Forms of Ibuprofen Being Obtained by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution
Authors: Опарин Р.Д. , Воробей А.М. , Киселев М.Г.
Published: September 2024

Исследованы микронизированные формы ибупрофена при быстром расширении его раствора в сверхкритическом (СК) диоксиде углерода в интервале 40- 80 °С. На основании результатов, полученных методами анализа микрофотографий (СЭМ), рентгеноструктурного анализа (РСА) и дифференциально сканирующей калориметрии (ДСК) установлено, что микронизированная форма ибупрофена в целом представляет собой первый полиморф, но с нарушенной кристаллической структурой. Дефектами такой структуры могут являться микровключения расплавленного второго полиморфа (аморфной фазы), причем доля дефектов уменьшается с ростом температуры СК флюидного раствора.

Moscow, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemical Department In this work the investigation of the micronized forms of ibuprofen obtained by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solution being at various temperatures in the range of 40-80 °С has been fulfilled. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (RSA) and differential-scanning calorimetry (DSK) allowed coming to conclusion that the micronized form of ibuprofen obtained by RESS is the first polymorph with partially disturbed crystalline structure with comparison to the initial form. The defects of such structure may be the microinclusions of melted second polymorph. Moreover the molar fraction of these defects decreases with the increase of temperature of supercritical solution.
Dehydrocondensation of Acetone in Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Ивахнов А.Д. , Скребец Т.Э. , Богданов М.В.
Published: September 2024

Исследована реакция конденсации ацетона в сверхкритическом состоянии при различных температурах, давлениях и плотностях в статическом режиме. Высокий выход мезитилена в исследованных условиях и простота его выделения из реакционной смеси позволили предложить новый способ его получения.

Condensation of acetone in supercritical conditions at varied temperatures, pressures and fluid densities is studied in a static mode. The high yield of mesitylene under the investigated conditions and the ease of its isolation from the reaction mixture made it possible to propose a new method for its production.
Problem of Loss of Active Metal in the Process of SC-CО Extractional Regeneration of the Hydro-Cleaning Catalyst
Authors: Билалов Т.Р. , Гумеров Ф.М.
Published: September 2024

В ходе изучения особенностей регенерации катализатора гидрообессеривания марки DN-3531 в среде СК-СO показано, что оксид никеля в этом флюиде не растворяется. При введении в систему сорастворителя - диметилсульфоксида ДМСО (5 мас. %) имеет место растворение оксида никеля в сверхкритическом флюидном растворителе, по-видимому, вследствие образования комплексного соединения №[ДМСO]OН

In the course of studying the peculiarities of regeneration of the hydrodesulfurization catalyst DN-3531 in the supercritical C0 media it was shown that nickel oxide does not dissolve in it. However, in the case of application of a mixture of CO+DMSO (5 % mass) in the specified conditions, dissolution of nickel oxide in supercritical fluid solvents appears as possible due to the formation of Ni[DMSO]0H complex, which is soluble in supercritical fluid solvent mixture.
«One-pot»-Technique for Production of Oleanolic Acid from the Roots of Aralia Mandshurica by Subcritical Water
Authors: Лекарь А.В. , Максименко Е.В. , Борисенко С.Н. , Ветрова Е.В. , Хизриева С.С. , Борисенко Н.И. , Минкин В.И.
Published: September 2024

Разработан и реализован «опе-роt»-метод получения олеаноловой кислоты (ОК) из корней аралии маньчжурской Aralia mandshurica Rupr. в среде субкритической воды (СБВ) в температурном интервале от 140 до 230 °С. Установлено, что этот способ позволяет достичь выхода ОК, сопоставимого с традиционными методами, без использования каталитических добавок и при затрате времени в 16 раз меньше, чем при обычном двухшаговом процессе получения ОК. Предложенная методика позволяет создавать экологически чистые технологии производства ОК в среде СБВ и, как следствие, лекарственных форм на основе аралозидов аралии маньчжурской.

The presented work is aimed at the development a «one-pot»-technique for production oleanolic acid (OA) from the roots of Aralia mandshurica Aralia mandshurica Rupr. using the subcritical water (SBW). For the first time SBW that serves as a reactant and a solvent has been used to obtain OA in good yields starting from the roots of of Aralia mandshurica. This method of preparation of OA allows one to avoid the use of toxic organic solvents. The good yields of the targeted OA can be obtained for the period of time which is 16 times shorter than needed by the traditional procedures.
Solubility of Iodine in Sub/Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ивахнов А.Д. , Скребец Т.Э.
Published: September 2024

С использованием проточной экстракционной установки исследована растворимость иода в суб- и сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода. Показано, что при 20-80 °С и 60-350 атм растворимость иода возрастает с ростом температуры и давления С0. Мольная доля иода в растворе составляет (0,12-1,42) 10.

The solubility of iodine in sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide was studied using a flow-type extraction setup. It is shown that at 20-80 °C and 60-350 atm, the solubility of iodine increases at rising temperature and C0 pressure and the mole fraction of iodine in its saturated solution ranges from 0,12 • 10 to 1,42 • 10.
Highly Porous Fluorescent Materials Based on Polymer Matrices Impregnated with Eu(DBM) Molecules in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Medium
Authors: Рыбалтовский А.О. , Акованцева А.А. , Больбасов Е.Н. , Бузник В.М. , Заворотный Ю.С. , Минаев Н.В. , Мирочник А.Г. , Сергеев А.А. , Твердохлебов С.И. , Юсупов В.И.
Published: September 2024

Продемонстрирована возможность создания люминесцентных пленок на базе высокопористых полимерных матриц, допированных трис-дибензоилметанатным комплексом европия Eu(dbm) • HO в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода с использованием этанола в качестве сорастворителя. Исходными материалами для этих целей были выбраны образцы пленок из политетрафторэтилена, полученных по технологии термоэспандирования или электроформования, а также пленки из полибензимидазола с пеноподобными структурами, полученные с помощью воздействия лазерного излучения. Осаждение комплекса европия в порах этих матриц (размером до нескольких микрометров) приводит к появлению яркой характерной фотолюминесценции (ФЛ) в красной области, интенсивность которой зависит от способа импрегнации и последующей обработки образцов. Анализ соотношения интенсивностей электродипольных и магнитодипольных компонент спектров ФЛ позволяет делать выводы об изменениях ближайшего окружения ионов Eu в каждой из матриц во всех рассматриваемых случаях.

The possibility of making luminescent films by doping highly porous polymer materials with Eu(dbm) • HO (I) complex in the supercritical carbon dioxide medium using ethanol as a co-solvent is demonstrated. The initial polymer samples were polytetrafluoro-ethylene films obtained by thermal spraying or electrospinning and polybenzimidazole films with foam-like structures obtained using laser irradiation. Deposition of Eu complex in the pores of such materials (up to several microns in size) leads to the appearance of a bright characteristic photoluminescence (PL) in the red region, the intensity of which depends on the method of impregnation and the subsequent processing of the samples . An analysis of the intensity ratio of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole components of the PL spectra allowed us to draw conclusions about changes in the nearest environment of Eu+ ions in each of the studied host materials.
Micronization of Levofloxacin by RESS Method
Authors: Антонов Е.Н. , Кротова Л.И. , Мишаков Г.В. , Попов В.К.
Published: September 2024

Исследована микронизация антибактериального препарата левофлоксацина методом RESS с целью получения микрочастиц, обладающих высокой биологической доступностью. Для увеличения растворимости левофлоксацина в сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода быш использован этанол в качестве сорастворителя. Получены микрочастицы левофлоксацина сферической формы с характерными размерами менее 10 мкм.

Micronization of anti-bacterial drug levofloxacin (LF) by the RESS method for obtaining microparticles with high bioavailability was performed. Ethanol was used as a cosolvent to increase the solubility of LF in supercritical carbon dioxide. Spherical LF microparticles with characteristic sizes < 10 microns were obtained.
Development of Prolonged Antibacterial Dosage Forms Components Using SCF-Technologies
Authors: Антонов Е. Н. , Богородский С. Э. , Дунаев А. Г. , Кротова Л. И. , Мариянац А.О. , Сячина М.А. , Попов В. К.
Published: September 2024

С помощью СКФ-методов формирования частиц из газонасыщенных растворов (PGSS) и пластификации с последующим вспениванием аморфных полимеров при использовании сверхкритического диоксида углерода (СК-С0) осуществлена инкапсуляция гентамицина и левофлоксацина в биорезорбируемые полимерные матриксы и микрочастицы. Исследована кинетика высвобождения включенных лекарственных субстанций в модельные физиологические среды. Показано, что разработанные методы СКФ-инкапсулирования лекарственных субстанций в биорезорбируемые носители позволяют варьировать размеры, форму и морфологию формируемых структур и, соответственно, скорость их деградации и высвобождение из них лекарственных субстанций в физиологические среды. Применение СКФ-технологий для формирования биорезорбируемых полимерных структур, инкапсулированных лекарственными субстанциями без использования органических растворителей, может быть весьма перспективным для разработки компонентов новых высокоэффективных антибактериальных лекарственных форм адресного и пролонгированного действия.

Gentamicin and levofloxacin were encapsulated into bioresorbable polymer scaffolds and microparticles by SCF methods - PGSS and plasticization and subsequent foaming of amorphous polymers using supercritical carbon dioxide. Release kinetics of incorporated drug substances into model physiological media was studied. It was shown that the use of the developed methods of SCF-encapsulation of drugs in bioresorbable carriers allows varying the size, shape and morphology of formed structures and accordingly the rate of release of drugs into physiological environments. In our opinion, this approach can be very promising for the development of components of new highly effective antibacterial prolonged dosage forms.