bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational performance and conduct problem trajectories from childhood to adolescence: Observational and genetic associations in a Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Martins‐Silva Thais , Bauer Andreas , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná , Barros Aluísio , Ekelund Ulf , Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana , Murray Joseph
Published: October 2022

Background

Educational difficulties are an important potential influence on both the onset and course of children's conduct problems. This study evaluated the association between school failure and children's conduct problems in Brazil, a context with high rates of both conditions, using both observational and genetic approaches.

Methods

Prospective, population‐based, birth cohort study in Pelotas city, Brazil. Parents reported on conduct problems four times between ages 4–15 years, and group‐based trajectory analysis was used to classify 3469 children into trajectories of childhood‐limited, early‐onset persistent, adolescence‐onset, or low conduct problems. School failure was measured as having repeated a school grade up to age 11, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) predicting educational attainment was calculated. Multinomial adjusted regression models were used to estimate the association between school failure (observational measure and the PRS) and conduct problem trajectories. To consider possible variation in effects of school failure by social context, interactions were tested with family income and school environment (using both observational and PRS methods).

Results

Children repeating a school grade had increased odds of being on to childhood‐limited (OR: 1.57; 95% CI 1.21; 2.03), adolescence‐onset (OR: 1.96; 95% CI 1.39; 2.75), or early‐onset persistent trajectory (OR: 2.99; 95% CI 1.85; 4.83), compared to the low conduct problem trajectory. School failure also predicted increased risk for early‐onset persistent problems versus the childhood‐limited problems (OR: 1.91; 95% CI 1.17; 3.09). Using a genetic PRS approach, similar findings were observed. Associations varied according to the school environment: school failure had larger effects on children in better school environments.

Conclusion

School performance, whether measured in terms of repeating school grades or genetic susceptibility, was consistently associated with trajectories of child conduct problems into mid‐adolescence. We also found a larger association for children in better school environments.
Beyond Defiance: An Augmented Investment Perspective on Creativity
Authors: Sternberg Robert J , Lubart Todd
Published: October 2022

An investment perspective on creativity, proposed 30 years ago, no longer seems adequate, nor do various revisions of the model made since then. The world, or at least the way many people experience it, has changed and so have the challenges for creativity. In particular, creativity is being used to increasingly greater effect in negative ways and in ways that lack integrity with respect both to internal coherence and external correspondence to the world. To understand creativity and adequately teach it, people need to take into account its positivity and its integrity with respect to internal coherence and external correspondence.
Validity of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Children
Authors: Daniels Kelly E. , Shaffer Amber D. , Garbin Steven , Squires Judy H. , Vaughan Kevin G. , Viswanathan Pushpa , Witchel Selma F. , Mollen Kevin P. , Yip Linwah , Monaco Sara E. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Simons Jeffrey P.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To assess the validity of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI‐RADS) for evaluating thyroid nodules in children.

Methods

Patients aged <19 years with thyroid nodule(s) evaluated by ultrasound (US) from 2007–2018 at a tertiary children's hospital were included. Two radiologists scored de‐identified thyroid US images using ACR TI‐RADS (from 1, “benign” to 5, “highly suspicious”). The radiologists recorded size and rated vascularity for each nodule. Ultrasound findings were compared to pathology results (operative cases, n = 91) and clinical follow‐up without disease progression (non‐operative cases, n = 15).

Results

Thyroid images from 115 patients were reviewed. Nine patients were excluded due to the absence of an evaluable nodule. Forty‐seven benign and 59 malignant nodules were included. Median age at ultrasound was 15 years (range 0.9–18 years). Twenty (18.9%) patients were male. There was moderate agreement between TI‐RADS levels assigned by the two raters (kappa = 0.57, p < 0.001). When the raters' levels were averaged, >3 as the threshold for malignancy correctly categorized the greatest percentage of nodules (68.9%). Eleven (18.6%) malignant nodules received a TI‐RADS level of 2 (n = 3) or 3 (n = 8). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 81.4%, 53.2%, 68.6%, and 69.4%, respectively. Although not part of TI‐RADS, vascularity was similar between benign and malignant nodules (p = 0.56).

Conclusion

In a pediatric population, TI‐RADS can help distinguish between benign and malignant nodules with comparable sensitivity and specificity to adults. However, the positive and negative predictive values suggest TI‐RADS alone cannot eliminate the need for FNA.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:2394–2401, 2023
Change in chorda tympani nerve function after two‐stage tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma
Authors: Nishimura Riu , Miuchi Shinya , Ikehata Miki , Sakagami Masafumi , Tsuzuki Kenzo
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Chorda tympani nerve (CTN) function may be damaged more by two‐stage than by one‐stage surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma. However, few studies have reported the relationship between two‐stage cholesteatoma surgery and CTN function. This study aimed to investigate CTN function after two‐stage surgery for cholesteatoma.

Methods

In this prospective study, 35 patients underwent two‐stage canal wall up tympanoplasty (CWUT). Perioperative CTN function was assessed using questionnaires and electrogustometry (EGM). Participants were categorized into minor, major, and section groups, based on the degree of CTN manipulation during surgery.

Results

In the first‐stage surgery, posterior tympanotomy with an intact canal wall reduced the degree of CTN manipulation. The incidence of taste disorder after the first‐stage surgery was 71.4%. Postoperative taste disorder and the EGM threshold improved early in the minor manipulation group. In the second‐stage surgery, no new CTN damage occurred, even if this surgery involved removal of residual cholesteatoma. The incidence of taste disorder after second‐stage surgery was less than that after first‐stage surgery, independent of CTN preservation. However, the recovery rate of the EGM threshold after second‐stage surgery was significantly lower in the section group than in those with CTN preservation.

Conclusion

CTN function, including symptoms and EGM threshold, can be preserved during two‐stage cholesteatoma surgery if care is taken to preserve the CTN in both the first‐ and second‐stage surgeries. A two‐stage CWUT, ensuring an intact bony annulus, may be effective to facilitate CTN preservation.

Level of Evidence

2b.
Epidemiology of pediatric acute mastoiditis in Israel: A National Registry 10‐year perspective
Authors: Samuel Orit , Saliba Walid , Stein Nili , Shiner Yotam , Cohen‐Kerem Raanan
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

Previous small studies have proposed a higher incidence of acute mastoiditis in Israeli pediatric patients than in other Western countries. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of acute mastoiditis and its epidemiological features over a decade, in order to identify variables that could possibly affect the incidence.

Methods

All admitted patients aged <18 years diagnosed with acute mastoiditis between 2008 and 2018 at Clalit Healthcare Services were identified and a database was generated.

Results

A total of 1189 and 1115 patients met the inclusion criteria, respectively. Acute mastoiditis diagnosis was confirmed in 95.2% of the patients. The incidence was 7.78 cases per 100,000 children‐years but was significantly higher in children under 2 years of age (average of 38.31 per 100,000 children‐years). No specific pattern was observed in the annualized incidence rate during the study period. Acute mastoiditis was significantly more common in children of Jewish descent than non‐Jewish (10.4 vs. 3.03 per 100,000 children‐years, P < 0.001) and of high socioeconomic status and is more common in the winter. The prevalence of household parental smoking (52%) was more than double that previously reported in the Israeli population.

Conclusions

A higher incidence of acute mastoiditis was observed in the Israeli population than in other reports. The age‐dependent rate was identified along with unique epidemiological features such as seasonality, higher incidence in patients of Jewish descent, or high socioeconomic status. Related parental smoking habits lend further support against the exposure of young children to household smoking.

Level of evidence: Individual retrospective cohort study.
Potential of Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering for Evaluating Protein Locus within a Polymersome
Authors: Palinske Max , Muza Upenyu L. , Moreno Silvia , Appelhans Dietmar , Boye Susanne , Schweins Ralf , Lederer Albena
Published: October 2022

Post‐loading of polymersomes with different bio(macro)molecules has been successfully demonstrated, thus mimicking the diffusion processes through biological membranes. However, it is still an open issue the extent to which this diffusion process leads to transmembrane transportation, or rather encapsulation of cargo within the membrane. In this study, well‐established pH‐responsive and cross‐linked polymeric vesicles are studied. A pH‐controllable and stable membrane, as well as a hollow particle shape and membrane uniformity are confirmed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM). Post‐loading with myoglobin (Mb) as a model enzyme is analyzed using multidetector asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (AF4). Advanced analysis of conformational parameters allowed for the estimation of enzyme localization and the pH‐dependent loading efficiency thereof. Static light scattering coupled to AF4 is employed to successfully deliver information on the global size of the polymersomes (>50 nm). Furthermore, membrane structure and thickness, which are in the few nanometer range, can be successfully analyzed using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). Deuterated solvent as well as Mb deuteration for tuning the contrast are considered. Two different vesicle model fits, as well as Kratky–Porod interpretation confirm effective determination of vesicle core and membrane thickness and for evaluation of the membrane changes after post‐loading.
A nonlinear HCV model in deterministic and randomly fluctuating environments
Authors: Qi Ke , Liu Zhijun , Wang Lianwen , Wang Qinglong
Published: October 2022

Two novel deterministic and stochastic nonlinear hepatitis C virus (HCV) models with nonlinear incidence rates as
, and
, containing acute and chronic infections, are developed, and an endeavor to understand their dynamics has been accomplished. For the former model, both the existence of unique equilibria and the sharp sufficient conditions of globally stable equilibria under different cases are established. Whereafter, the efforts taken to detect the asymptotic behaviors around equilibria, the existence of ergodic stationary distribution, and stochastic extinction of the latter model have been supplemented with meticulous theoretical proofs. At last, several numerical examples and discussions are illustrated to sustain and visualize our theoretical results. Compared and analyzed the numerical and theoretical results, we can find that the noise can influence the dynamics of disease and turn the disease from persistence to extinction. Moreover, several control measures are suggested based on our study.
Laser optics for the perfect cut
Authors: Griguhn Marc‐Gordon
Published: October 2022

For many years, the main use of lasers was in the sciences. They were used primarily in spectroscopy, measurement technology, and nuclear physics. With the invention of the diode laser, they began to be used in everyday applications ranging from CD players to communications technology. Ever‐increasing performance has long since opened up further applications. For example, lasers can now even cut centimeter‐thick sheet steel.
“Surround yourself and listen”
Authors: Vergyris Panagiotis
Published: October 2022

EPIC's photonics technology manager Panagiotis Vergyris talked with David Ruppel, president of IDEX Optical Technologies, a specialist in the design, assembly, and coating of complex optical systems for the semicon, defense, industrial, and space markets.
The role of trust in the acceptance of adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Constanze Elfgen , Uwe Güth , Christoph Tausch , Kavitha Däster , Dominik Ritter , Urte Scholz , Walter Bierbauer
Published: October 2022

Objective

Despite adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) considerably reducing mortality and recurrence in hormonal receptor‐positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) patients, acceptance of AET remains an issue. The reasoning behind the lack of acceptance is complex and multifactorial, and some associated risk factors have been previously analyzed. Our study aims to assess women's beliefs and concerns toward AET and women's trust in the treating physician, focusing on determining the importance of these factors in the acceptance of AET.

Methods

Out of n = 539, n = 269 women with HR + BC participated in a cross‐sectional online survey. The main study variables were AET necessity beliefs and concerns (Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire) and the trust in treating physicians. A binary hierarchical logistic regression was applied to predict AET acceptance.

Results

We did not observe a meaningful mean difference in the necessity beliefs between women who accepted versus refused AET by the time of study conduct. Women with ongoing AET intake indicated significantly higher trust in their treating physician (d = 0.57) and have lower concerns (d = −1.65) regarding AET than women who had declined or discontinued AET prematurely. Results of the logistic regression demonstrated that after adjusting for clinical factors (e.g., prognosis, age), higher trust and lower concerns significantly increased the likelihood of accepting AET treatment.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the importance of discussing potential concerns regarding AET and establishing a trustful patient‐physician relationship, which outweighs non‐modifiable factors such as cancer prognosis.
Psychosocial aspects of adult cancer patients: A scoping review of sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Onyeka Tonia C. , Onu Justus U. , Agom David A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Psychosocial aspects of adult cancer patients in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) have been described in silos of research articles. Integrative analysis of regional evidence is lacking. This review aimed to describe the scope of existing research on mental health problems, identify research gaps and make informed research, policy and practice recommendations.

Methods

Search was conducted for original peer‐reviewed research articles, irrespective of their quality, on psychosocial aspects of cancer in all SSA countries using PubMed, Google Scholar, Google search, African Index Medicus and direct searches of reference list of pertinent journal articles. Publications in English or translated to English were included. Case reports, dissertations, abstracts, publications without primary focus on psychosocial issues, psychosocial issues in children and studies conducted with SSA populations living outside the sub‐region were excluded. The methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley was used to synthesize and present the results. Inductive approach was used to arrive at the thematic areas. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used to describe the review.

Results

Eighty‐three studies conducted across 15 countries were identified. Six thematic areas emerged namely; psychosocial needs, psychiatric disorders, coping strategies, suicidality, psychometrics and psychosocial interventions. Fifteen of 46 countries had at least one study with the majority of articles emanating from Nigeria. Research articles on psychosocial needs, psychiatric morbidities and coping strategies appears adequate for systematic review in SSA region. Despite the overwhelming evidence of high unmet psychosocial needs, a huge gap exists regarding psychosocial interventions.

Conclusion

Further research is needed into identified gaps in the region and quality of evidence of these studies need to be improved upon. Comprehensive policies and action plan development are sin qua non for addressing psychosocial problems of adults with cancer in SSA.
Drowning case complicated with a cardiopulmonary arrest and severe ARDS saved with a good neurological outcome by ECMO: A case report
Authors: Cho Songhyon , Furukawa Toshiki , Ogawa Osamu
Published: October 2022

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) due to drowning has an extremely high mortality rate, and very few cases have good neurological outcomes. Severe respiratory failure can occur even after resuscitation. A 66 year old woman with a history of refractory epilepsy had a CPA due to drowning. Approximately 20 min after drowning, she was resuscitated and transported to the hospital, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was introduced on day two due to continued severe respiratory failure caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). After the introduction of ECMO, her respiratory status gradually improved and ECMO was discontinued on day 12. Approximately 6 months after drowning, she visited our hospital for a follow‐up with a cerebral performance category of 1. Since cases of CPA due to drowning with a short drowning time or hypothermia are expected to have good neurological outcomes, the introduction of ECMO should be considered as a treatment for ARDS after resuscitation.
Spindle cell hemangioma of the lung: An unusual presentation
Authors: Hamdi Mariem , Braham Emna , Louhaichi Sabrine , Hamdi Besma , Abdennadher Mahdi , Ammar Jamel , El Mezni Faouzi , Marghli Adel , Hamzaoui Agnès
Published: October 2022

Spindle cell hemangioma (SCH) is a benign vascular tumour, first identified by Weiss and Enzinger in 1986. Habitually, the SCH affects almost exclusively the dermis and subcutaneous tissues of distal extremities. So far, only 2 cases have been described in the lung. We describe herein the third case of SCH occurring in the lung in a 47 year‐old woman. The patient was successfully treated by right lower lobectomy. The histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination of the excised tumour leads to the definitive diagnosis. Our case is instructive by its different clinical and radiological presentation compared to the previous two cases.
Clinical safety and efficacy of a fully automated robot for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided breast biopsy
Authors: Anvari Mehran , Chapman Trevor , Barlow Karen , Cookson Tyler , Van Toen Carolyn , Fielding Tim
Published: October 2022

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided biopsies are an accurate, but technically challenging, method for screening and diagnosis of breast lesions. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of an Image Guided Automated Robot (IGAR) in performing breast biopsies compared to manual procedures.

Methods

Safety was determined from adverse events (AEs) and device deficiencies. Efficacy was assessed using targeting accuracy, number of successful biopsies, pain and scar scores, patient discomfort, and radiologist‐determined ease‐of‐use.

Results

All seven procedures in phase I were successfully and safely completed with no AEs and one device deficiency. The 23 IGAR biopsies in phase II outperformed the 18 manual biopsies in 1‐week pain scores (p = 0.027), scarring at 1‐week (p = 0.035), 1‐month (p = 0.004), and components of comfort and ease‐of‐use. Phase II had seven and three AEs in the IGAR and manual groups, respectively (p = 0.317), with no serious AEs and nine device deficiencies.

Conclusions

The IGAR system is safe and effective for breast biopsy procedures. The results from these trials indicate the IGAR system as a potentially viable alternative to manual breast biopsy procedures.
3.2: Facile Patterning of Silver Nanowire with Invisible Effect for Naked Eyes via Ink‐jet Printing
Authors: Lu Hao , Gong Youyou , Luo Qingyun , Qiu Zhiguang , Zhu Simu , Yang Boru
Published: October 2022

The sliver nanowire electrode has high conductivity and excellent mechanical flexibility, which has been considered to be the candidate material to replace ITO. However, haze is its major issue making the patterns visible. In this paper, we demonstrated an invisible patterning method based on ink‐jet printing and partial etching. Eventually, we applied the film to fabricate liquid crystal display (LCD) prototype, and obtained relatively good response time performance.
4.2: Synchronously micro‐patterning and nano‐welding silver nanowires for high‐performance transparent electrodes
Authors: Wang Ting , Liu Gui-Shi , Luo Yunhan , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: October 2022

Transparent electrodes (TEs) are the core and key of flexible electronic devices. Silver nanowires (AgNW) networks are the predominant flexible TEs due to their low cost, high performance, and flexibility. However, additional treatments are generally required to lower the high contact resistance between AgNWs and to achieve patterning of AgNW network for practical applications. Here, we use diphenyliodonium nitrate (DPIN) as an AgNW modifier to allow plasmonic welding and patterning transfer of the nanowire network with assistance of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). AgNW patterns with high resolution down to 3 μm are then obtained via Plateau‐Rayleigh instability and ultrasonication in water without involving photoresist and etching.
4.1: Invited Paper: Analysis of Color Conversion in III‐Nitride Micro‐LEDs with Embedded Nanostructures
Authors: Xu Jian , Noor Elahi Asim M.
Published: October 2022

We report in this conference the modeling analysis of absorption and color conversion characteristics of III‐nitride micro‐LED arrays embedded with nanostructures. While nanoporous GaN layers in the micro‐LED pixels have been reported to function as the color‐converting element by incorporating quantum dot‐based nanophosphor inside the porous cavity, our computational study reveals that extraction efficiencies of both excitation (blue) and down‐conversion (red) light from the nanophosphor‐coupled LED structure decrease dramatically with porosity and the thickness of embeded down‐conversion layer s. The cross‐talk of down‐conversion light between adjacent micro‐LED pixels is also found to be substantially higher compared to the excitation light cross‐talk due to the location of the phosphors in the pore cavities and the resultant strong scattering by the surrounding nanopores. Studying and attempting to overcome those color‐conversion challenges of the nanoporous GaN based micro‐LEDs could pave the way of developing full‐color miro‐LED display panels that simultaneously preserve the high‐resolution and efficiency performances of micro‐LED display devices.
5.1: A Novel PAM‐PWM Hybrid Driving Method for Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Zhai Yingteng , Xu Ji , Lu Lei , Zhang Chengfeng
Published: October 2022

The change of micro‐LED current density leads to the variation of lighting efficiency and the shift of emission wavelength. The traditional PAM driving method is not suitable for micro‐LED displays. To alleviate these problems, we proposed and implemented a PAM‐PWM hybrid driving method.
6.1: Autostereoscopic Display with a Multidirectional Backlight System and an Eye tracker
Authors: Li Ziyin , Gao Chen , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu
Published: October 2022

We implement a time‐sequential autostereoscopic display with a multidirectional backlight system and an eye tracker. The proposed multidirectional backlight uses Bragg mismatched reconstruction of volume‐holographic optical elements. The eye tracker feeds back eye positions, and the system provides directional and time‐sequential parallax images. Through this display, viewers could observe vivid three‐dimensional images with high resolution, low crosstalk, and smooth motion parallax.
8.2: Anatomy Education Method using Autostereoscopic 3D Image Overlay and Mid‐Air Augmented Reality Interaction
Authors: Huang Tianqi , Zhang Nan , Zhang Xinran , Liao Hongen
Published: October 2022

The augmented reality (AR) medical education systems offer unique advantages for an interactive and hands‐on integration with the student in surgical skill training. However, there are still major differences in visualization and interaction between real surgical environments and AR‐based medical education systems. In this paper, we propose an anatomy education method using an autostereoscopic 3D image overlay and mid‐air augmented reality interaction with soft tissue deformation. To achieve good depth perception and intuitive interaction, we introduce a model‐based occlusion handling for accurate occlusion processing in real time and a position‐based dynamics (PBD) simulation method for virtual soft tissue deformation in real time. The experimental results showed that our approach could provide 3D visualization and interaction of virtual soft tissues and handle the mutual occlusion automatically in real time. Our proposed medical education system will provide users with a visualization and interaction experience close to real surgical environments.
9.1: Invited Paper: Pupil Size Estimation Model Based on Revised Spatially Weighted Corneal Flux Density and Chromaticity Coordinates
Authors: Huang Chenyu , Zhang Yuning , Wei Tianyu , Ding Yijing , Zheng Cheng'en
Published: October 2022

As an important parameter in studies on vision and ophthalmology, pupil size directly controls the amount of the light entering the human eye. Pupilometers or eye tracking systems are used to measure the pupil size in some studies while a pupil size estimation model can be applied when actual measurement is not available, such as in cases of optical design, photobiological safety studies, etc. There are several existing pupil size estimation models, most of which reveal the relationship between pupil size and spatial distribution of luminance. However, the radial asymmetry of spatial luminance weighting function in horizontal and vertical directions and the effect of light chromaticity on the human eye were investigated. In this paper, experiments were conducted to reveal the asymmetry of the spatial weighting function in the horizontal and vertical directions and the effect of chromaticity on the pupil size. A unified pupil size estimation model is proposed based on spatially weighted corneal flux density and chromaticity coordinates.
11.2: Invited Paper: Study of Green LED Growth for Advanced Display Applications
Authors: Hu Jason , Chen Yao , Kang Connie , Wang Lion , Yan Long , Wang Vincent , Guo Shiping
Published: October 2022

Advanced display technology has various potential applications with a huge potential market. Recently, mini‐LEDs and micro‐LEDs are attracting great attentions for advanced display applications because of the high dynamic range, high ambient contrast ratio, thin profile, and low power consumption [1]. Due to higher indium composition in the active layers, green LEDs' wavelength is more sensitive to temperature variation. Higher indium content InGaN layers also make green LEDs seriously suffer from quantum confined stark effect (QCSE). So it is much more difficult to get good wavelength uniformity and high efficiency for green LEDs. In this work, several factors including local temperature tuning, stress control during epitaxy growth, substrate pattern size and substrate orientation have been studied to improve green mini‐LED's wavelength uniformity and optical intensity.
11.3: Invited Paper: MicroLED End‐to‐End Process Control
Authors: Robinson John C. , Barnett Bobby
Published: October 2022

MicroLED displays offer many key performance benefits such as brightness, contrast, and lifetime, however, cost remains a barrier to wide market acceptance. Improved yield through better process control provides a pathway to lower costs. In this paper we discuss yield and end‐to‐end process control from epitaxy and microLED patterning, driver IC (optional), backplane, mass‐transfer, and bonding.
19.1: Invited Paper: Electrochromic Display Based on Semiconducting Polymer
Authors: Mu Lan , Zhou Hongkun , Zhou Lei , Pang Jiawei , Xu Miao , Chen Zhao , Zhou Yan , Wang Jian
Published: October 2022

An active matrix electrochromic (EC) display is made with red semiconducting polymer. The fabrication process is all solution process, taking advantage of the solution‐processable electrochromic polymer, solid state polymer electrolyte, and charge storage material. The flexible PET/ITO electrode is laminated onto of the rigid TFT glass panel. The 2.3‐inch diagonal display has a pixel count of 200 × 600 with pixel size of 70 μm × 210 μm, and a contrast ratio of 3:1. 2T1C (2 transistor 1 capacitor) pixel driver is adopted to drive the EC pixel. A layer of white photoresist is deposited as the white reflector. For future work on a full color EC display, a “color mapping” scheme is proposed.
20.2: 2D/3D Mixed Display Based on Polarization Division Multiplexing
Authors: Li Qiang , Deng Huan , He Wei , Zhong Fei-Yan , Yang Cui-Ni
Published: October 2022

We propose a two‐dimensional (2D)/ three‐dimensional (3D) mixed display system based on polarization division multiplexing. The polarization division multiplexing device is composed of a polarization switching layer, a polarization‐dependent liquid crystal micro‐lens array (LCMLA) and a scattering polarizer. According to the polarization state of incident light switched by the polarization switching layer, the combined action of polarization‐dependent LCMLA and scattering polarizer can form both point light source array for 3D display and scattered light source for 2D display. The 2D/3D mixed images can be reconstructed through the precise control of the polarization direction of each pixel. The advantage of the proposed system is that a point light source array and a surface light source are formed only by adjusting the state of the polarization switching layer. What's more, our proposed system has low driving voltage and relatively compact system volume.
21.3: Invited Paper: Avoiding Mini‐LED circuit scratch in process
Authors: Lou Tenggang , Wang Lei , Kong Xiangjian , Liu Jine , Qin Feng
Published: October 2022

We fabricated a 7.5inch mini‐LED RGB display panel with 0mm border based on glass substrate. The circuit scratch is a main reason that will cause line defects, dot defects, display malfunction and so on. We analyzed those defects then proposed and carried out some solutions to avoid circuit scratch. Finally, we produced a mini‐LED RGB display panel with barely defects.
29.2: Invited Paper: A Brief Introduction to Advantages of LTPS Technology in High‐end NB
Authors: Xue Jingfeng
Published: October 2022

The electron mobility based on low temperature polysilicon is almost 100 times that of amorphous silicon, so low temperature polysilicon technology has overwhelming advantages in high pixel density, high refresh rate, narrow frame and other aspects. This paper will focus on the application of LTPS technology in the future high‐end notebook, mainly from the four dimensions of narrow border, power consumption, wide frame rate (WFR) ,low power consumption and incell, and discuss the industry trends, the technical bottlenecks of LTPS process and the current progress made by CSOT in these points. At present, LTPS technology has took a piece of the cake in the high‐end notebook market, and definitely present. Through the above introduction we believe that with the continuous breakthrough of LTPS technology bottleneck, it will bring a new chapter in the development of high‐end notebook.
31.1: Invited Paper: Highly Efficient Light‐emitting Devices Based on Quantum dots/Perovskites
Authors: Wang Lin , Kong Lingmei , Yang Xuyong
Published: October 2022

Colloidal quantum dots/perovskites based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs/PeLEDs) have attracted extensive attention for lighting and display applications because of their excellent advantages, such as narrow emission bandwidth, color tunability, high brightness and low‐cost fabrication techniques. The external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) for QLEDs/PeLEDs are catching up with those for commercial organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), thanks to the quantum efficiency improvement, the device configuration optimization as well as the deep understanding of electroluminescence principle. Despite the rapid advance in device performance has been achieved, the operational lifetime of these devices still cannot meet the requirements for practical applications. In this report, we will present our latest advances in improving performance and stability of high color‐purity QLEDs/PeLEDs.
34.4: 3‐inch, 3000‐ppi Silicon Nitride Masks for Direct Patterning of OLED Microdisplays
Authors: Dong Shou-Cheng , Deng Sunbin , Yang Jiye , Jiang Yibin , Tang Ching W.
Published: October 2022

3‐inch, 3000‐ppi silicon nitride masks (SiNMs) have been achieved for the direct patterning of ultrahigh‐resolution RGB side‐by‐side OLED microdisplays.
35.2: Invited Paper: The latest published VDE test standard for the durability and functionality testing of display
Authors: Weinhold Wolfgang P. , Wang Helen
Published: October 2022

This paper will introduce the latest publish of VDE SPEC 90017 V1.0 which covers the durability and functionality testing of displays or surfaces materials or products in the vicinity of the display.

It is applicable for the developer and producer of displays, films and coatings and electric switches or buttons, the integration provider and the overall product OEM. This specification ensures that the durability of their products is consistent in quality and performance, withstanding environmental and regular usage stress during the entire lifetime in its application and specific environment.
41.4: Novel Photolithography using Near Infrared Exposure and its Photoresist including Black Photoresist
Authors: Igawa Akihiko , Hsu Ming-Ann
Published: October 2022

Novel photolithography using NIR (Near Infrared) exposure and its photoresist are developed. Using NIR's extreme high transparency to photoresist polymer layer, photoresist with very high photosensitivity and vertical profile can be achieved. Combination with organic black pigment that blocks UV/visible light but is transparent to NIR, black photoresist with vertical profile and high film thickness can be made.
43.1: Invited Paper: Active‐Matrix Digital Microfluidics Platform based on TFT Array
Authors: Wang Dongping , Xu Longqian , Huang Qi , Hu Siyi , Ma Hanbin
Published: October 2022

Digital microfluidics have great advantages in improving droplets throughput and miniaturizing analytical systems. Digital microfluidics platform can bring new opportunities for chemical and biological analysis. Here we present an active‐matrix digital microfluidics platform for applications in high‐throughput micro‐droplets manipulation. The microfluidic chip was fabricated by amorphous silicon thin‐film transistor technology. The electrode array consists of 65536 electrodes, which possesses the ability to manipulate thousands of independent droplets simultaneously. This work paves new ways for conducting high‐throughput and low‐cost applications in chemical and biological analysis.
43.2: Invited Paper: Large‐Area Imagers using Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: van Breemen A.J.J.M. , Ollearo R. , Deumel S. , Akkerman H.B. , Kronemeijer A.J. , Janssen R.A.J. , Tedde S.F. , Gelinck G.H.
Published: October 2022

Solution‐processed metal halide perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) have a great potential in visible and near‐infrared light sensing and X‐ray imaging applications, owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. This presentation will consist of two parts.
43.3: Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Driving High‐Resolution Active‐Matrix Ferroelectric Liquid‐Crystal Displays
Authors: Wang Sisi , Xia Zhihe , Sun Zhibo , Yuan Zhengnan , Lu Lei , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Kwok Hoi Sing , Wong Man
Published: October 2022

Near‐eye, high‐resolution displays for virtual‐reality are attracting much attention. Measured in terms of pixels‐per‐inch (PPI), a minimum resolution density of 2000 is required to suppress the screen‐door effect. Fast‐switching, deformed‐helix ferroelectric liquid crystals (DHFLCs) capable of supporting higher than 4000 PPI have been reported [1]. The storage capacitor in the pixel of a liquid‐crystal display (LCD) can be eliminated, when the display is implemented using an FLC with a large dielectric constant. This helps to increase the resolution density of the display without excessive reduction of the aperture ratio (AR).
46.1: Invited Paper: MicroLED Technology and Applications by PixeLED Solutions
Authors: Liu Ying-Tsang (Falcon) , Li Yun-Li
Published: October 2022

MicroLED display is an emerging technology with high brightness, high contrast ratio, and wide color gamut. This technology can be used for all current display applications and new scenarios, such as transparent, seamless tiling, and AR glasses for metaverse. Based on our proprietary PixeLED display, PixeLED Matrix, μ‐PixeLED, and SMAR‐Tech technologies, we could utilize different process for each application with MicroLED displays.
50.3: MPRT Enhancement Gate Driver Circuit Employing IGZO TFTs for Image‐Quality Improvement
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Li Yongqian , Yin Pengfei , Bao Wenchao , Li Tianji , Xu Pan , Han Ying , Zhang Xing , Zhang Jianye , Cheng Xuelian , Wu Zhongyuan , Yu Jianwei , Dong Xue
Published: October 2022

We present a novel gate driver circuit using IGZO TFTs which can decrease the MPRT (Motion Picture Response Time) value from 6.8ms to 3.4ms at the frequency of 120Hz. And this means the OLED panels’ image quality can be greatly improved through motion blur reduction. The MPRT enhancement GOA (Gate driver on array) can output three kinds of waveforms for normal display, black data insertion and external compensation within one frame. We save 14 TFTs and 2 capacitors through sharing sense input and hold unit, black data inserting input unit and leakage prevention unit between two adjacent rows which greatly simplify our multifunction GOA structure. This circuit is verified at high temperature (50°C) companied with high humidity (80% RH) during 500 hours with no problem through 15.6 inch experiment panels which resolution is 768 columns by 2160 rows. Besides, the proposed structure can make our future 30inch 4K2K panel to achieve a narrow bezel smaller than 7mm.
51.4: In‐situ Fluorescence Monitoring Technique for Highly Reproducible Perovskite Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Yan Huibo , Luo Zhongming , Liu Baoxing , Ye Fanghao , Li Guijun
Published: October 2022

The lack of highly reproducible manufacturing technology hinders the development and commercial application of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). In order to solve this problem, the in‐situ fluorescence monitoring technology is proposed to obtain efficient and reproducible PLEDs. By dynamic monitoring the photoluminescence of the perovskite film in the spin‐coating process to precisely control the anti‐solvent dropping time, high‐quality and reproducible perovskite films with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), high crystallinity and low trap density can be obtained. As a result, the fabricated green and blue PLEDs show high external quantum efficiency (EQE), along with high reproducibility.
52.2: Invited Paper: Digital Twins for OLED Lifetime Predictions
Authors: Vauzelle Arthur , Hauenstein Christoph , Torun Engin , van Mensfoort Siebe , van Eersel Harm , Gottardi Stefano
Published: October 2022

R&D of OLEDs devices can benefit from the support of simulations. The highest level of insight can be obtained with 3D kinetic Monte Carlo. Concrete R&D case studies showing how 3D kinetic Monte Carlo simulations can be used to address OLED R&D challenges will be presented.
52.4: Suppression of Initial Degradation for High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processed Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Le Thi Na , Lee Kyu Myung , Park Yongsup , Suh Min Chul
Published: October 2022

In OLED display, the burn‐in usually appears when the luminance is reduced by 3% or 5 % (LT97 or LT95). This means that extending the LT95 or LT97 is essential to bring OLED display one step closer to becoming a dominant display technic. Here, we report an improvement in initial stability by designing a double electron transport layer which results in overshooting effect. This effect can suppressed the initial degradation in the device. We successfully increased the LT95 by 7.3 times and LT97 by 8.8 times. Simultaneously, the trade‐off between lifetime and efficiency was eliminated as we also obtained very high efficiency of 91.8 cd/A and 26.5% EQE.
53.3: Atomic‐scale sidewall passivation for microLED devices
Authors: Lång Jouko
Published: October 2022

The rapid adoption of the microLED technology marks a new chapter for emission‐based displays offering much better image quality, higher contrast, wider color gamut, faster response time, and lower power consumption. However, due to sidewall non‐radiative recombination, microLEDs suffer from poor efficiency when the chip size is decreased. This paper demonstrates that the microLED efficiency can be substantially increased with atomic‐scale crystalline oxide passivation, enabling a new pathway in realizing the next‐generation displays with the required performance levels.
56.3: Invited Paper: Exterior Displays for Autonomous Cars: Technologies, Icons, Evaluation
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz , Nowak Nadine
Published: October 2022

Communication with other road users is very essential for autonomous as they might drive slower and the person on the driver's seat does not necessarily look on the street. To evaluate exterior displays, we build a full‐scale mock‐up with a RGB LEDs matrix display with 80 cm × 40 cm (128 × 64 pixel). Even text with a height of 10 cm was judged as readable from 50 m distance. Other results were the identification of signs with 40 cm height from 50 m. This is in accordance with common traffic sign standards.
P‐1.8: A New n+‐Formation Process by NH3 Plasma Treatment for Top Gate Coplanar IGZO Thin‐film Transistors
Authors: Chen Chuanke , Duan Xinlv , Chen Qian , ji Hansai , Huang Shijie , Chuai Xichen , Wu Wanming , Geng Di
Published: October 2022

In coplanar structure thin‐film transistor (TFT), the formation of source/drain region with doping process is important to get high mobility. In this paper, the effects of NH3 plasma treatment to form n+ region have been investigated. The results show that the top gate coplanar structure Amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide(a‐IGZO) TFTs with n+ source/drain by NH3 treatment exhibit high mobility and good subthreshold swing (SS), which indicates that the NH3 plasma treatment can effectively reduce the contact resistance.
P‐1.15: TFT‐based Addressing and Readout Circuits for Hybrid LAE‐CMOS Interfacing
Authors: Zhou Zhongyi , Li Huimin , Liu Xinghui , Wang Kai
Published: October 2022

A key challenge of a hybrid system combining Large‐Area Electronics (LAE) and Large‐Scale Electronics (LSE) is that a large number of interconnects and fan‐outs are needed to interface between LAE array and CMOS ICs, making fabrication and integration complex and problematic. This paper presents a solution to reduce the interfacing complexity by replacing CMOS‐based interface ICs with dual‐gate TFT‐based addressing and readout circuits to achieve monolithic integration.
P‐1.16: Frontend Amplifier with Unipolar Oxide TFTs for Heart Rate Measurement
Authors: Xu Yuming , Li Bin , Deng Sunbin , Zhong Wei , Yin Xuemei , Wu Zhaohui , Kowk Hoi-Sing , Chen Rongsheng
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a frontend amplifier based on the n‐type only indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐stabilized ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) on glass substrate. The amplifier has an external‐bias AC‐coupled, open‐loop capacitor bootstrap structure. The area and power consumption are 41 mm2 and 0.1 mW (8V), respectively. Measurement results show a gain of 20 dB, a bandwidth of 3 Hz–6 kHz, a common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) up to 42 dB, an input impedance of 100 MΩ, and an input‐referred noise of 106 μVrms (integrated from 1 Hz–200 Hz). The noise efficiency factor (NEF) and power efficiency factor (PEF) of the amplifier are respectively 248 and 4.9×105. The amplifier is successfully used to measure the heart‐rate signal.
P‐2.4: Development and Prospect of Medical Action Recognition Technology forVirtual Reality (VR)
Authors: Song Jianwen , Hou Yaohui , Wang Lijun
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence and computer vision technology has played a vital role in the advancement of medicine. The application of motion recognition technology based on virtual reality to the process of medical rescue and training is an important development direction at present. Gesture recognition needs to consider the dynamic relationship between the front and back of the hand, target detection, and space‐time transformation, but its application in medical surgery is challenging. This paper introduces the development of gesture recognition technology and equipment, introduces the target detection, processing, feature extraction, motion estimation and motion recognition technology in virtual reality‐based surgical motion recognition, discusses the current mainstream virtual reality‐based surgical motion recognition development, and makes a developing prospect.
P‐2.7: Optimization of Field of View in a Full‐color Waveguide Display Based on Polarization Volume Grating
Authors: Gu Yuchen , Weng Yishi , Zhang Yuning
Published: October 2022

We propose a PVG‐based bandwidth composite structure, explore the multi‐period formation method and bandwidth expansion characteristics of the composite grating, and study different color waveguide display schemes. We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of full‐color waveguide displays with one‐, two‐ and three‐layer waveguides. Finally, based on the grating bandwidth composite structure, a two‐layer waveguide is designed and fabricated to achieve full‐color near‐eye display. The display effect is shown on the AR display prototype. The demonstrated waveguide system is a full‐color display with a diagonal field of view of about 50�. The brightness is as high as 242 cd/m2 per lumen with a transparency of 75% for ambient light. This work shows the good application prospect of PVG coupler in augmented reality color display.
P‐3.3: A HDR Image Layering Method Based on Improved Guided Filter
Authors: Wenxuan Nie , Limin Yan
Published: October 2022

Since the dynamic range of most of the existing display devices does not match the HDR image, the HDR image cannot be directly output. Therefore, the research on HDR image mapping technology becomes very important. In the layered algorithm of HDR image mapping processing, there is a problem of halo phenomenon and information loss in the edge area of the image caused by the change of brightness. In this paper, the guided filter is selected to filter the image, and the problem of edge coarsening of the traditional guided filter has been improved. While compressing the brightness of the base layer image, multi‐scale filtering is performed on the detail layer image, and the detail layer image is adaptively adjusted according to the brightness compression ratio of the image, which effectively improves the quality of the output image.