bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of hypertension in Indian adults: a systematic review (1994-2014)
Authors: Deshmukh Sameer H. , Acharyya Amitava
Published: March 2021

Hypertension is among the most common non-communicable diseases globally. In India the incidence of hypertensive cases has been on the rise. Among the last few decades not only hypertension has become common in elderly but recently many cases have been reported in the young adults in India. Despite this emerging as one of the future public health concerns, there has been limited research regarding the factors that may be responsible for causing hypertension involving young and middle-aged adults and the findings remain inconclusive. The main aim of this study was to identify the risk factors responsible for developing hypertension in Indian adults. A systematic review of the available literature around the research question was carried out. Total 9 primary studies were identified after a thorough search of databases and screening strategy. Studies published between the years 1994 to 2014 and looking into risk factors of hypertension in the Indian adult population were considered. Data from each of the 9 included studies was extracted using MS Excel spreadsheets. The main risk factors of hypertension found in adults were smoking and chewing tobacco, alcohol consumption, obesity, sedentary activities, excessive salt intake and lifestyle. Along with these risk factors illiteracy, unawareness of diseases, neglecting attitude towards health and male dominating culture were also significant risk factors. Hypertension is increasing health problem in adults in India especially in this era of urbanization. People are adapting to the western culture and hence the lifestyle is changing drastically. The main risk factors leading to hypertension are smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and excessive salt intake. This signifies that there is a need to improve the knowledge and attitudes of the people related with Hypertension prevention and management in order to live a better and healthy life.
The overlap between gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome: an updated systematic review
Authors: Alahmari Bader Saad , Allush Yahya Mohammed Al , Almontasheri Moyed Hamoud , Zulfah Saad Ali Al , Al-Imamah Yahya Ali , Mastoor Mohammad Abdullah Al , Alqahtani Nasser Ibraheem
Published: March 2021

Evidence shows that a degree of overlap is detected between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this review, we aim to update the current evidence from recent studies published in the last decade. Electronic and manual search strategies were both conducted to look for studies that reported the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and IBS from 2011 to January 2021. We have included all study designs to formulate updated evidence and report all the potential outcome measures. We included a total of 16 studies on a total of 146,156 patients, collectively. Out of these studies, 14 were cross-sectional while only two were randomized controlled trials. The frequency of overlap was hugely variable among the results of the included studies, ranging between 1.7 and 74.7%. Almost all studies used the Rome III criteria for IBS and used questionnaire-based assessment for gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. Female gender and cigarette smoking were the commonest most significant risk factors for developing the overlap. Intestinal hypersensitivity, hyperactive gastric acids, and generalized abnormal motility of the digestive tract were the commonest theories. Obtained evidence remains strong, indicating the overlap between IBS and gastroesophageal reflux disease patients, however, the definite explanation remains non-clear and further studies are needed.
Impact of educational intervention on cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive age women
Authors: Akinola Ajoke , Constance Menira S.
Published: March 2021

The objective of this review is to examine the efficacy of educational approaches in increasing women's adoption of cervical screening. A search was conducted through PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. Articles that met the eligibility criteria were reviewed. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guided the data synthesis and reporting. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of evidence and pooled individual research results in meta-analyses using RevMan 5.3 review manager, where applicable. Heterogeneity has been estimated for total summary results of studies pooled together. Quality analysis of the papers was done using JADAD scale. This meta-analysis included a total of nine articles (n=2316). Statistical research findings indicate that the use of cervical cancer educational approaches substantially improved cervical cancer screening rates and screening acceptability by double folds 2.88. The results of this study support the use of educational intervention for cervical cancer to increase the acceptance of cervical cancer screening by women. We also recommend more research to assess the efficacy of various teaching approaches and the effect of intervention length on the rise in women's cervical cancer screening services utilization.
A review on SARS-CoV2 drug regimens inferring plausible mechanisms to impede the viral propagation and cytokine storm
Authors: Chatterjee Poulomi , Mishra Niladri Prasad , Das Abhishek , Acharya Sagar
Published: March 2021

A sharp outbreak of pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in early 2020, has shaken up the whole global health care system and economy with its rapid chain-of-infection and high mortality index. This article emphasizes on the immunopathology of virus and current drug therapies. We have put down a compendious postulation on different drug actions vis-à-vis their reversing strategies for the pertinent diseases. A critical analysis has been made on the cytokine storm and focusing on to the interplays among lymphocytes and other innate immune cells (NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells etc.) with secreted cytokines as well as on to the drug effectiveness by tallying with the contexts of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. The hustle and bustle is ongoing for repurposing existing drugs, designed for other infectious microbes. Tackling the adversities in anti-viral treatment has become too challenging to stop this contagion. Thereafter, the scientific front liners are on trials of hundreds of drugs by making comparisons to other contagious epidemics. Current review summarizes different drug actions on viral propagation and host immunomodulation. Our conjecture will intrigue to re-evaluate the mostly used drugs at present state.
Embedding Sustainability into the Tourism Planning Process: Evidence from Michigan
Authors: Nicholls Sarah
Published: March 2021

Sustainability has become a common term in the lexicon of most tourism scholars and many industry professionals. Yet active infusion of sustainability thinking and initiatives in practice remains less consistent. This exploratory study investigates awareness and understanding of, and engagement with, sustainability concepts and practices by those involved in – or having the ability to influence – tourism planning. A survey of tourism office directors and planners reveals limited and divergent understanding of the basic underlying characteristics of sustainability amongst these two critical stakeholders groups, both of which are core to the planning, development, marketing and management of tourism. Findings suggest the need for continued effort to translate the huge volume of sustainability-focused tourism research into terms and formats more digestible by industry professionals, as well as opportunities for local entities to take the lead in bringing diverse stakeholders together to drive a greater emphasis on sustainability within their communities.
Assessment of Global Sustainable Development, Environmental Sustainability, Economic Development and Social Development Index in Selected Economies
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Jyoti Bhim , Kumar Sanjeev , Lenka Sanjaya Kumar
Published: March 2021

This study assesses the association of sustainable development (SD) with environmental technologies, forest area and developmental indictors in selected 39 economies. It develops global sustainable development index (GSDI) as an integration of environmental sustainability index (ESI), economic development index (EDI) and social development index (SDI) during 2000-2016 using composite Z-score technique. Thereupon, it explores the influence of environmental technologies, deforestation, ESI, EDI and SDI on GSDI using country-wise panel data. The results infer that there exists a high inequality in SD due to diversity in socio-economic structure of selected countries. Most developed economies have a better position in SD due to their relatively better position in environmental, economic and social developmental related variables. India, South Africa and Tunisia have low values of ESI, EDI and SDI, thus, these countries are in worst position in SD. Empirical results exhibit that SD is positively associated with environmental, economic and social development, forest area and environmental technologies. It recommended that protection of forest area maintains the quantity and quality of natural resources and provide ecological security. Accessibility of electricity for all community, discovery of environmental technologies, use of green technologies in production activities may be effective to increase socio-economic, environmental and sustainable development.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Choice of Whether to Internalize or Outsource the Task of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Calculations: The Cases of Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand
Authors: Kawanishi Masato , Kato Makoto , Fujikura Ryo
Published: March 2021

Developing countries need to build long-term institutional capabilities for a national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory under the transparency framework of the Paris Agreement. By selecting three Southeast Asian countries as the cases, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand, the present study comparatively examined their institutional designs for producing the GHG inventories. They are common in terms that their national focal points make the overall coordination and other relevant line ministries provide activity data. A major difference exists regarding who is tasked to perform calculations of GHG inventories. By using the framework of Hood concerning the choice of whether to work through specific performance contracts or through direct employment, this study discussed that the variations between the countries may be associated with their differences in the following two factors: One is the number of potential service providers, as expressed by the number of GHG inventory experts as registered in the roster of the United Nations, and the other is the level of uncertainty about how the task is to be done, as measured by a share of the agriculture, forestry and other land use sector in the national GHG inventory. The development of the endogenous research base can contribute to the long-term improvement in GHG inventories. The finding has implications for assistance in building the transparency-related capacity. Development cooperation with developing countries may extend to identifying the categories that are crucial for their current GHG inventories and collaborating relevant research activities with national experts, including young researchers.
A Closed-Form Approximation to the Distribution for the Sum of Independent Non-identically Generalized Gamma Variates and Applications
Authors: Chaayra Toufik , Ben-azza Hussain , El Bouanani Faissal
Published: March 2021

Evaluating the sum of independent and not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d) random variables (RVs) is essential to study different variables linked to various scientific fields, particularly, in wireless communication channels. However, it is difficult to evaluate the distribution of this sum when the number of RVs increases. Consequently, the complex contour integral will be difficult to determine. Considering this issue, a more accurate approximation of the distribution function is required. By assuming the probability density function (PDF) of a generalized gamma (GG) RV evaluated in terms of a proper subset H1,0 1,1 class of Fox’s H-function (FHF) and the moment-based approximation to estimate the FHF parameters, a closed-form tight approximate expression for the distribution of the sum of i.n.i.d GG RVs and a sufficient condition for the convergence are investigated. The proposed approximate may be an analytical useful tool for analyzing the performance of certain numbers branch maximal-ratio combining receivers subject to GG fading channels. Hence, various closed-form performance metrics are derived and examined in terms of FHF. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
Content-Based Image Retrieval System Based on Fusion of Wavelet Transform, Texture and Shape Features
Authors: Kishore Dannina , Rao Chanamallu Srinivasa
Published: March 2021

In the last few years, Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has received wide attention. Compared to text-based image retrieval contents of the image are more in information for efficient retrieval by Content-Based Image Retrieval. The single feature cannot be applied to all the images and provides lower performance. In this paper, we have put forward a proposal on an image retrieval using multi-feature fusion. The concept of multi-resolution has been exploited with the help of a wavelet transform. This method combines Local Binary Pattern (LBP) with Fast and Accurate Exponent Fourier Moments (FAEFM’s) with the wavelet decomposition of an image using multiple resolutions. In order to extract the feature of texture from image, LBP codes of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), the image coefficients are estimated followed by the computation of Fast and Accurate Exponent Fourier Moments to these LBP codes so as to extract features of shape to construct the required feature vector. These constructed vectors aid us in exactly finding out and retrieving visually similar images from existing databases. The benchmark databases Corel-1k and Olivia 2688 are used to test the proposed method. The proposed method achieves 99.99% of precision and 93.15% of recall on Corel-1k database and 99.99% of precision and recall of 93.63% on Olivia-2688 database, which are higher than the existing methods.
Pensando en dos: Parejas Dinks, la opción de no tener hijos
Authors: Bernal Vélez Isabel Cristina , Cano Mejía María Isabel
Published: March 2021

El presente libro surge en congruencia con la línea de trabajo implementada por el Grupo de Investigación en Familia de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, en la que se han identificado las características sociales, las motivaciones, el proceso y los acuerdos establecidos en las formas como las parejas se conforman en la contemporaneidad. Tal es el caso de la investigación sobre las parejas LAT (Living Apart Together) en la ciudad de Medellín, donde se exploró el funcionamiento, los alcances y limitaciones de este tipo de parejas analizando algunas situaciones que viven frente a las familias y los hijos propios o nacidos en relaciones anteriores si los hay.
Tablero de Competencias Ejecutivas para los puestos: Human Resources Business Counsel y Human Resources Business Partner
Authors: Farí­as Sayra Escudero
Published: March 2021

Dentro de las empresas el capital humano desempeña un papel muy importante para el logro de resultados y, al establecer competencias ejecutivas, se puedecontar con un panorama más claro de las expectativas del puesto.El presente estudio utiliza el enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño de investigación no experimental y transversal; en el que se muestra un tablero de competencias para las figuras HRBC y HRB
Cierre empresarial en la región Laja- Bají­o
Authors: González Martí­nez Rocí­o , Arteaga Cervantes Ana Laura , Ruí­z Torres Marí­a del Rosario
Published: March 2021

El presente artí­culo pretende contribuir a la detección de los tores internos y externos que influyen en los empresarios para tomar la decisión de suspender operaciones en su empresa.
El estudio se realizó a las personas que decidieron cerrar alguna iPyme ubicados en los siguientes municipios: Apaseo el Alto, Apaseo el Grande, Comonfort, Juventino Rosas, Villagrán,Tarimoro, Jaral del Progreso, Cortazar y Celaya.
Esta investigación se realizó de manera cualitativa, en donde
permite obtener las razones reales y detalladas de los motivos
que orillan a los empresarios para no continuar en operación,
pues como sabemos las MiPyMEs son una de las principales
fuentes de ingresos, oportunidad de mejorar fortalecimiento de
la economí­a nacional.
Este artí­culo esta compuesto por cinco partes fundamentales en
las cuales se encuentran: Resumen, Introducción y presentación,
Revisión de la literatura, Metodologí­a, Resultados y Conclusiones.
Antonio Jiménez Millán (1976–2017): poemas y poéticas
Authors: Melero Mascareñas Luis
Published: March 2021

Antonio Jiménez Millán (Granada, 1954) es catedrático de Literaturas Románicas en la Universidad de Málaga, y uno de los poetas más importantes de su generación. Cursó estudios en Granada, donde desde el magisterio de Juan Carlos Rodríguez, inspirador del movimiento conocido como La otra sentimentalidad, que posteriormente derivó en la llamada Poesía de la Experiencia, ha llegado a realizar una de las poesías más sólidas de la literatura española contemporánea. Su obra se hace imprescindible para entender la poesía española de finales del siglo XX y la lucidez de una implacable conciencia del tiempo.
Premoniciones y prefiguraciones en las comedias de tema veterotestamentario de Felipe Godínez
Authors: Escudero Irene G.
Published: March 2021

La marca judía de Felipe Godínez (Moguer, 1582 – Madrid, 1659) le ha proporcionado una singularidad entre los dramaturgos de nuestro siglo áureo. Se le asocia, en su tiempo y en el nuestro, con un afán por tratar episodios del Antiguo Testamento, una constante en su producción artística que le procuró notoriedad en su época. Este artículo se centra en el análisis de dos herramientas fundamentales que Godínez empleó en las obras dramáticas de este tipo: las premoniciones y las prefiguraciones neotestamentarias.
Nuevos varsovianos, nuevos madrileños. Visiones literarias de los ‘exiliados’ en la Varsovia y el Madrid de posguerra: el caso de Zły de Leopold Tyrmand y La colmena de Camilo José Cela
Authors: Rombel-Kuśmierska Maria
Published: March 2021

El artículo tiene por objetivo identificar las similitudes y diferencias en el tratamiento de los nuevos varsovianos y nuevos madrileños en las novelas Zły de Leopold Tyrmand y La colmena de Camilo José Cela. Estas novelas fueron escritas en unos contextos paralelos: tras la segunda guerra mundial y la guerra civil española, en el ámbito del régimen ‘comunista’ polaco y del Estado franquista, respectivamente. El análisis presta una especial atención a la distribución espacial de los nuevos varsovianos y nuevos madrileños –es decir, los personajes ‘exiliados’ en la Varsovia y el Madrid de posguerra– dentro de ambos cuerpos novelescos, incluyendo cuestiones de identidad, e intenta verificar el grado de veracidad representado por sendas novelas.
«No sé quién soy, pero sufro cuando me deforman, eso es todo». Witold Gombrowicz a los ojos de Enrique Vila-Matas
Authors: Gutkowska-Ociepa Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

La comunicación explora la relación peculiar entre Enrique Vila-Matasy la escritura de Witold Gombrowicz. El mismo autor barcelonés subrayaba en múltiples ocasiones la importancia del pensamiento de Gombrowicz para su (auto)creación literaria, por lo cual el análisis de sus textos dedicados al escritor polaco servirá para presentar a Gombrowicz visto por Vila-Matas y al propio Vila-Matas inspirado por el autor de Trans-Atlántico. El objetivo del artículo es poner de manifiesto el impacto de la «obra oscura, sonámbula y extravagante» gombrowicziana en la consolidación del estilo de Enrique Vila-Matas.
Imágenes de la Transición. Un día volveré de Juan Marsé y Niskie Łąki de Piotr Siemion
Authors: Kłosińska-Nachin Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

En la literatura contemporánea española y polaca, la figura de la prostituta ocupa un lugar privilegiado. Partiendo de la perspectiva comparatista, especialmente aplicando la categoría de la literatura mundial de David Damrosch, el artículo se propone esclarecer la relación que existe entre la presencia de la prostituta como personaje en la representación literaria del tránsito a la democracia. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un análisis de dos novelas: Un día volveré de Juan Marsé, de 1982, y Niskie Łąki de Piotr Siemion, de 1999. En ambos textos, los personajes femeninos analizados remiten a la desilusión del momento del tránsito a la democracia.
Violencia y miedo en la ciudad: La casa que habitamos de Ariel Barría Alvarado
Authors: López Cruz Humberto
Published: March 2021

La ciudad, a través de los tiempos, ha sido el lugar idóneo para las conf luencias; un sitio donde se intenta una posible intersección de pensamientos y donde, al unísono, se establecen las más encarnizadas controversias. La metrópoli, en su esperada postura tradicional, es fundamental a la hora de autenticar a unos personajes que dependen de este dispositivo urbano para que el lector acepte su legitimidad; de otra forma, la credibilidad del entramado imaginativo sería puesta en duda. Además, es novedoso que este decorado que ofrece el novelista panameño, Ariel Barría Alvarado, con factores discursivos como la violencia y el miedo, presente una urbe que a pesar de parecer que actúa en contra del individuo, sea una zona que rescata una comunión de procederes y, por lo tanto, amigada con el personaje.
Santiago Roncagliolo: La cuarta espada y la comercialización de la izquierda militante
Authors: Izquierdo Lucas
Published: March 2021

Santiago Roncagliolo comercializa la izquierda militante peruana en La cuarta espada: La historia de Abimael Guzmán y Sendero Luminoso(2007). Catalogada como una versión periférica de Truman Capote In Cold Blood (1966), la novela investiga un levantamiento guerrillero que culminó con la muerte de sesenta mil civiles. El artículo argumenta que Roncagliolo combina las propuestas teóricas de Mariátegui, fundador del partido socialista peruano, con la labor de las comisiones de derechos humanos latinoamericanos para concebir una novela de consumo masivo.
Hacia una crítica simbiótica: (re)leyendo a Andrés Ibáñez desde el epitexto
Authors: Cichocka Marta
Published: March 2021

El estudio del epitexto del escritor español Andrés Ibáñez, uno de los autores más originales del siglo XXI, demuestra que la literatura simbiótica requiere un nuevo enfoque simbiótico crítico en el que las estrategias literarias o comparativas se combinan con la sensibilidad a una amplia gama de factores no exclusivamente literarios. De este modo la literatura nos ayuda a despertar del imperio de la ilusión y de los sueños que, tanto para Cervantes y Calderón como para Ibáñez, rigen nuestras mentes y nuestras mentalidades.
Bajo el peso del prejuicio. Las conceptualizaciones de Polonia y México a través de los documentos diplomáticos mexicanos a comienzos de las relaciones oficiales
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Faryś Edyta
Published: March 2021

Las observaciones de los diplomáticos mexicanos en la II República de Polonia testimonian la evolución de su concepto de Polonia como nación. Desde la perspectiva de la lingüística cultural, que toma en consideración no solo la realidad objetiva, sino también las experiencias y valores, se pretende observar los factores que portan la disensión en las opiniones del servicio exterior mexicano. El corpus proporciona datos para poder extraer conclusiones acerca de la imagen de Polonia que se traduce en un estereotipo, gravado con experiencias negativas.
Manuel García. Herencia vocal. Presente y futuro
Authors: Bayón Emilio
Published: March 2021

Manuel García representa el corazón de los cantantes de Bel Canto con la magnificencia de sus habilidades vocales, las cuales trató de infundir tanto en sus textos y en sus hijos –María Malibrán, Pauline Viardot y Manuel Patricio García– como también en sus alumnos. A través de datos históricos y un profundo y vasto análisis de los textos anteriores a García, mostraré como el aspecto mecánico de la técnica vocal llega hasta Manuel García proveniente de los castrados españoles incluso antes de la creación de la ópera.
Evaluation of Exogenous Laccase Enzyme Treated Finger Millet Straw on Body Weight Gain, DM Intake and Nutrient Digestibility in Heifers
Authors: Kumar Vidya Pradeep , Rao Ramya G. , Dhali A. , Thammiaha Vandana , Sridhar Manpal
Published: March 2021

Background: Fungal laccases have widespread application in a number of biotechnological processes including the biodegradation of lignin. Their low yield in the native state limits their practical use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass for feeding ruminants. Enzymes in bulk quantities are required to treat biomass which has got greater product consistency and less lot to lot variations. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the effect of feeding finger millet straw treated with exogenous laccases in heifers. Methods: The effect of feeding exogenous laccases obtained from immobilized Schizophyllum commune (MTCC 11893) on body weight gain, dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility in heifers was evaluated in three groups of heifers (4-each) with body weights ranging between 275 ± 47.12 to 276.75 ± 64.48kg. The control group received ad lib. finger millet straw treated with only production media (GI). Test group 1 (GII) received ad lib. straw treated with laccase rich media in a 3:5 (w/v) ratio, while test group 2 (GIII) received ad lib. straw treated in a 4:5 (w/v) ratio. Result: After 14- days of feeding, gain in body weights for GI, GII and GIII were 277.9 ± 68.47; 277.50 ± 46.43 and 278.85 ± 37.22 respectively with an overall increase of 1.15, 4.25 and 3.60 kgs. No significant variation (P greater than 0.05) was observed with regard to DMD (%) between the groups which was 46 ± 5.8 for the control animals and 41±13.0 and 41± 3.4 in G2 and G3 groups. Though significant variations were observed digestibility studies proved inconclusive. Though preliminary results indicate that applying lignin degrading enzymes as feed supplements could enhance digestibility of crop residues in ruminants.
Lab and Field Level Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Managing the Dry Root Rot Disease in Black Gram Incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh) Butler
Authors: Kumar N. Kiran , Nagamani P. , Viswanath K. , Prasanthi L.
Published: March 2021

Background: The plant growth promotion and efficacy against phytopathogens by the endophytic bacteria are being focused now due to their ecofriendly nature. Methods: Endophytic bacteria (24 nos) isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of black gram plants collected from different locations were tested for their potential to inhibit the growth of R. bataticola under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Result: The leaf endophyte BLE 4 exhibited maximum inhibition (79.6%) of R. bataticola followed by BSE 4 (77.4%), BSE 7 (77.0%) and BLE 1 (74.0%). Among these 4 isolates tested as seed treatment and soil application, there was significant increase in dry weight (7.1 g), plant height (37.7 cm), number of branches (13.2) and number of pods (26.2) in BLE 4 treated plots. Whereas, the incidence of dry root rot and yield were insignificant. In the screening study of isolates for their phosphate solubilization potential, protease activity, siderophore and HCN production, no single isolate possessed all the properties, but siderophore production, protease activity and phosphate solubilization were found in BSE 4, BRE 3, BRE 5 and BRE 10 isolates.
Metodología para la inclusión de criterios ambientales en las compras públicas: Caso de estudio Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Authors: Salazar-Rojas Teresa , Gamboa-Castro Juan José
Published: March 2021

En Costa Rica el principal consumidor de bienes y servicios es sector público, esto le confiere la capacidad de accionar los mercados hacia modelos de producción sostenibles, lo cual ha venido intentando hacer mediante iniciativas para promover las compras verdes y sostenibles en sus instituciones estatales, sin embargo, aún existe desconocimiento y falta de experiencia en la implementación de programas de este tipo de compras. Esta investigación propone una metodología para la inclusión de criterios ambientales en los procesos de contratación administrativa, desarrollada en el Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC). Para esto, se priorizaron categorías de productos, se definieron criterios ambientales con sus respectivas evidencias de verificación y se realizaron entrevistas a proveedores con el fin de determinar la factibilidad de cumplimiento; por último, se clasificaron los criterios según la legislación vigente. Los grupos de productos seleccionados considerando relación de gasto – presupuesto anual de la institución, volumen de compra, cobertura interna de uso e impacto ambiental fueron mobiliario, suministros de oficina, vestuario y servicios de alimentación; resultando con mayor tasa de cumplimiento de las especificaciones, los proveedores de las dos primeras categorías. En el caso de textiles se detectó una carencia de información referente a los criterios ambientales, y para los servicios de alimentación, se evidenció la falta de capacitación de las empresas y el insuficiente avance de programas de eco etiquetado en productos cárnicos a nivel nacional.
Establecimiento de un protocolo para la inducción de embriogénesis somática indirecta en Allium Sativum (Ajo Criollo Costarricense)
Authors: Watson-Guido William , Jiménez-Bonilla Vilma , Brenes-Madriz Jaime
Published: March 2021

El ajo (Allium sativum), presenta propiedades medicinales y culinarias, así como propiedades repelentes aprovechables en la agricultura orgánica, que lo hace un cultivo con alta demanda en nuestro país y en el resto del mundo. En Costa Rica se encuentra un material nativo, muy apreciado por el consumidor nacional por sus cualidades organolépticas, como sabor y olor. La falta de semilla de calidad y falta de material adaptado a condiciones tropicales, así como la competencia por precio con el ajo importado de China y Guatemala (ya que se importa a precios muy bajos por kilo), hace que se dificulte colocarlo en los mercados nacionales. Por lo anterior se planteó esta investigación con el objetivo de obtener embriones somáticos vía indirecta y regenerar plántulas libres de virus y otros patógenos, para ser utilizadas como método de propagación vegetativa. Los explantes utilizados para la inducción de callogénesis fueron meristemos radicales. El callo se indujo en medio de cultivo M&S (1962), con sacarosa al 3% y pH 5,7, suplementado con 1,0 mg/L, ácido naftalenacético (ANA), 2,0 mg/L bencil-amino purina (BAP) y 0,5 mg/L ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D). La proliferación de los callos de obtuvo al subcultivarlos en el medio M&S (1962), con sacarosa al 3% y pH 5,7 suplementado 1 mg/L BAP y 0,25 mg/L de 2,4-D, al mes se observó la formación de embriones globulares la maduración embrionaria se obtuvo con la adición de 0,5 mg/L de AG3 y para la germinación con 0,5 mg/L de BAP.
Applying Environmental Context to Rehabilitation Research Using Geographic Information Systems and Global Positioning Systems Geospatial Technologies
Authors: Chan Dara V. , Adam Mann , Sucharita Gopal
Published: March 2021

Background

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health includes important considerations of environmental context in understanding disability, but the environmental impact is often difficult to measure.

Purpose

Demonstrates the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in rehabilitation research in assessing accessibility and participation; describes how to use these methods, and presents several considerations in using GIS and GPS in research.

Method

Using methods from public health and medical geography, this article describes how to apply GIS and GPS technologies to rehabilitation research to measure community participation and accessibility to resources.

Findings

Directions for using ArcGIS functions and case examples joining these mapping technologies with rehabilitation measures are provided.

Conclusions

Together with traditional measures, these technologies may provide rehabilitation researchers a more comprehensive approach to assessing accessibility and participation.
Urgensi Literasi Media Terhadap Pola Pikir Masyarakat
Authors: Risdiawati Dian
Published: March 2021

This discussion is focused on two main things, namely related to media literacy and community mindset. In this context, the media is a means that has the potential to produce and disseminate social meaning, or in other words, the media plays a major role in determining the meaning of events that occur in the world for a particular culture, society, or social group. However, often the public quickly condemns media performance or identifies improperness and declares detrimental effects. It is rare for people to question their role in mass communication. Thus, media literacy is important to be developed in society to increase the ability of media literacy. Understanding media literacy is very important to be understood by the community because with an adequate understanding of it will create a society that can think critically and have a healthy mindset. The public is expected to be able to control the impact of media shows, no longer be controlled from the impressions presented by the media so that it can give birth to a generation of media literacy. Society can determine the direction of its mind and is no longer influenced by one perspective formed by the media.
Ngabulâ Vis-À-Vis Modernity: Tabarruk Practice in Bangkalan Pesantren
Authors: Djakfar Fera Andriani , Permatasari Puspita Ayu
Published: March 2021

Ngabulâ is a tradition practiced by some santris in Bangkalan pesantrens in order to seek blessings (tabarruk) by serving the kiai. Those santris are called kabulâ or khaddam. In fact, ngabulâ is very important for kiai’s life and also the pesantren in Bangkalan, but unfortunately the study of it is still rarely done. Therefore, this research aims to explore several things: the meaning of ngabulâ in Bangkalan pesantren according to the actors and the dynamic of ngabulâ in Bangkalan pesantren based on the continuity and change theory conceptualized by John Obert Voll. This research was conducted in some pesantrens in Bangkalan from early 2019 to mid-2020, and the data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. This research used the paradigm of social definition by applying phenomenology. The theory used is continuity and change conceptualized by John Obert Voll in observing the resurgence of Islam in the modern world. This research concludes some facts: first, this study finds that ngabulâ for the actors involved in it (the kabulâ , kiai and their families, and the kabulâ ’s parents) means respect, dedication, learning media, and a source of blessings. Second, there is continuity and change in the ngabulâ, especially in the motives, goals, and forms of ngabulâ. To observe the continuity and change of it, the researcher uses the basic styles of action conceptualized by Voll with modification and addition, namely: adaptation, authority of the text, conservative actions, and charisma. In addition to this research, the researcher added one thing, i.e. generous manner of the kiai.
Management problems of an interdisciplinary research center
Authors: Rakin Vladimir
Published: March 2021

The practice of creating interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary research centers in Russia is caused by the need to implement interdisciplinary projects in accordance with the objectives of the Strategy of scientific and technological development and priority directions of science development in the Russian Federation. However, the development of complex research within a single institution faces a number of problems related to the management of the multidisciplinary center, the system of evaluation of research efficiency in separate divisions of the center, funding of individual research areas, creation of a comfortable psychologicalclimate that promotes the performance and effective completion of interdisciplinary projects, creation of an effective stimulation system, aimed not only at increasing the publication activity of researchers, but also to produce world-class results that require in-depth, focused work. The problems of creating an effective management system focused on ensuring maximum creative freedom of a scientist and reducing bureaucratic pressure on a researcher and creating a comfortable psychological climate in an interdisciplinary research center depend mainly on the head of the organization and his management apparatus. The development of scientometric system of comparative rating of the effectiveness of scientific teams within separated units, the creation of a differentiated system of motivation of scientists, aimed not only at increasing the publication activity, but also to obtain breakthrough scientific results requires the involvement of a serious scientific approach, despite the fact that scientometric research is not among the prestigious and attractive scientific directions, but at the same time it causes a high critical reaction from officials and scientists of all scientific fields.
Bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics. Part 2. Object
Authors: Lazarev Vladimir
Published: March 2021

A simplified and sometimes vulgar understanding of the role of scientometrics in science management makes it necessary to better understand its essential characteristics. In this paper, scientometrics is considered in interrelations with bibliometrics and informetrics that are the fields of knowledge closest to it.In relation to bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics, this part discusses the representationof their object. Its reinterpretation using the modern broad meaning of the term “document” made us possible to come to the conclusion that there is (at least) the maximum convergence of interpretations of objects of bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics. In any case, such a comparative analysis of objects helps to identify both similarities and differences between these fields of knowledge, which is important, since their awareness is a very obvious initial condition for mutual conceptual enrichment (artificially diverged?) bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics with knowledge and concepts.Part 2 of the present paper provides examples of treating the objects of bibliometrics, scientometricsand informetrics using traditional interpretations of the concept of a “document”, followed by brief a review of the reinterpretation of this concept. However, consideration of the relationship of a “document” and “information” is much more detailed in the present work than it was performed in the author’s previous paper on this topic.
Research of the effectiveness of the research team: sociological analysis on the example of the Ural Federal University
Authors: Valeeva Marina
Published: March 2021

Research activity is an integral function of modern higher education, since withoutthe development of scientific research, the training of graduates cannot be carried out at asufficient level of modern preparation of scientific research. Despite the fact that scientificactivity is carried out in two interrelated forms - individual and collective, in recent years, mostscientific research is carried out by scientific teams, and not by individual scientists. On thebasis of this important issue, research the effectiveness and efficiency of research teams,through the methods of their formation and functioning. In addition, the issue of motivation for scientific work of the research and teaching staff of the university is important. To analyzethe above aspects, we carried out a sociological study that was implemented in two stages - amass survey (N = 211) and a series of in-depth interviews (N = 15) among scientists of the UralFederal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin. The article presentssome of the results of the analysis, in particular, the author comes to the conclusion that establishingties between scientists and joint work in a research team is an important conditionfor increasing the productivity and efficiency of scientific activity, and the desire for scientificcooperation indicates a desire to achieve a higher level of performance scientific activity.
Scientific search under the pressure of high responsibility: development of the technology of electromagnetic isotope separation in the framework of the USSR Atomic project
Authors: Borisov Vasily
Published: March 2021

One of the ways to obtain nuclear explosives for the manufacture of the first atomic bombs was the separation of uranium isotopes by electromagnetic (mass spectrographic) method. The theoretical justification and experimental separation of uranium isotopes by this method was carried out by L. A. Artsimovich in the Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences. By the middle of 1945, L. A. Artsimovich had obtained results at the experimental facility indicating the possibility of stable enrichment of uranium with the U-235 isotope using this method. Having the results of the experiments, the Design Bureau at the “Electrosila” plant (D. V. Efremov), with the participation of the Research Vacuum Institute (S. A. Vekshinsky) and the “A” Institute (M. Ardenne), developed a project of an industrial multi-chamber installation for electromagnetic separation of uranium isotopes SU-20. Such an installation was manufactured and put into operation at the newly created plant in the Urals, which allowed in 1951 to obtain the necessary amount of uranium-235 for the RDS-3 atomic bomb. After 1952, the technology of electromagnetic separation was no more used for the separation of uranium isotopes due to the improvement of more productive equipment for gas-diffusion separation of isotopes. The equipment of the electromagnetic isotope separation plant built in the Urals was used to produce lithium-6, needed to equip the first thermonuclear charge, which was successfully tested in 1953. In the next years, the electromagnetic isotope separation plant was involved in the manufacture of isotope products for scientific, technical and medical applications at wide range of utilization in Russia and abroad.
Corporation Bell Labs is a factory of scientific innovations
Authors: Kudryavtsev Vasily
Published: March 2021

The results of scientific research and development have become the basis for the development of the economy, the most important factor in increasing its competitiveness, the foundation of modern technologies. Therefore, the problem of effective organization of scientific research and the effectiveness of their financing is extremely urgent. The study of the evolution of organizational forms of science allows us to conclude that in firms that do not have government funding, scientific research at the Nobel level is often carried out. The story of the creation of one of these organizations, the world famous Bell Labs corporation, which is a real incubator of progressive scientific and technical ideas, is told. Over the years, Bell Labs employees have made a number of grandiose discoveries: the detection of cosmic radio emission, the invention of a point-contact transistor, quartz clocks, charge-coupled devices, the creation of information theory, the UNIX operating system, programming languages C, C ++, etc.Considerable attention is paid to describing the scientific and technical results of Bell Labs employees who have become Nobel, Turing, Emmy and Grammy laureates, as well as holders of the US National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the IEEE Medal of Honor. In conclusion, some other scientific achievements of Bell Labs employees that have not received the above awards are discussed. The experience of studying the history of the creation and functioning of this company can be useful when organizing innovative research centers in our country.
A scientist is almost always a collectioner
Authors: Vaganov Andrey
Published: March 2021

Collecting as a social, psychological and even physiological phenomenon has not been devoted to much serious research. Those that exist focus on the phenomenology of collections. The phenomenon of collecting and collecting remains largely unexplored. The topic of “collectors-scientists” is, in general, a blank spot in the study of science and the social history of science. Nevertheless, there is quite legitimately a special concept - “research collection”. For example, the collection of collections for Goethe was one of the ways of his scientific work. As a result of this work, Goethe became an expert in the field of knowledge, the objects of which he collected. This kind of rapprochement between science and collecting seems to be an interdependent process. Not only collecting in the highest phase of its development is being melted into a scientific occupation, but also an occupation in science has all the features inherent in project collecting. The article makes an attempt to establish some ontological patterns inherent in this process, to outline the paths to the natural science study of the phenomenon of scientists-collectors.
The Precariat as a New Social Class in the Context of Marxist Theory
Authors: Anisimov Roman
Published: March 2021

This article reviews the main approaches towards analyzing classes in theMarxist tradition. The conclusion is drawn that social structure is dynamic due to society’s complexity. New classes emerge, and sociology’s task is to revise classical theories and develop new principles of class formation. The article attempts to substantiate the principle of control over labor relations: when absent, it creates unstable labor relations and forms a new social class — the precariat. This principle is universal. It applies to the entire social structure and differs from exploitation and domination as classical indicators of classes. Based on the theory of E. Wright and the addition of the principle of control over labor relations, a new conceptual model of classes is constructed. The precariat as a new social class is assembled from the middle class that is losing stability, as well as from the ranks of the traditional proletariat, it being the core of the precariat.
Professional Self-Identification Specifics and Trends in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Kozyreva Polina , Smirnov Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to analyzing the current issues, specifics and dynamics of professional self-identification in post-Soviet Russia. Analysis is based on data from the “Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey” (RLMS–HSE). We see that in an unstable society subject to crisis professional self-identification remains to be one of the most reliable and stable components of social self-identification. Professional status, current job, the latter’s substance and social significance for many Russian citizens turn out to be the primary criteria that define their place in the status hierarchy. Just like twenty years ago, professional identity is one of the most common and important basic identities. It is closely correlated with age and education, much more so than most other identities. Meanwhile in a time of uncertainty due to crisis, an increasing diversity of professional activities is accompanied by ever more vague identification benchmarks. A growing number of workers encounter serious difficulties when searching for their own identity. Often times even within a single small professional group self-identification can bear various meanings for its members. A noticeable, though not very pronounced positive connection was identified between professional identity and satisfaction with labor, as well as certain aspects such as working conditions, opportunities for professional growth, relations within the team. Some marked positive tendencies of the last two decades include improvements in self-assessments of professional aptitude among those who are engaged in labor demanding high or average qualification.