bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PORTRAIT OF ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kaliyev Talgat , Gali Dinmukhammed
Published: October 2023

The article deals with economic inequality among the ethnic groups of the republic and assesses the level of material situation through the «Welfare Index». Sources and the size of incomes of ethnic groups are investigated. The features of financial and credit behavior, the main directions of formation of income, entrepreneurial activity as well as living and other conditions are studied. The problems of economic deprivation among ethnic groups are investigated.
Hierarchical temporal prediction captures motion processing along the visual pathway
Authors: Singer Yosef , Taylor Luke , Willmore Ben DB , King Andrew J , Harper Nicol S
Published: October 2023

Visual neurons respond selectively to features that become increasingly complex from the eyes to the cortex. Retinal neurons prefer flashing spots of light, primary visual cortical (V1) neurons prefer moving bars, and those in higher cortical areas favor complex features like moving textures. Previously, we showed that V1 simple cell tuning can be accounted for by a basic model implementing temporal prediction – representing features that predict future sensory input from past input (Singer et al., 2018). Here, we show that hierarchical application of temporal prediction can capture how tuning properties change across at least two levels of the visual system. This suggests that the brain does not efficiently represent all incoming information; instead, it selectively represents sensory inputs that help in predicting the future. When applied hierarchically, temporal prediction extracts time-varying features that depend on increasingly high-level statistics of the sensory input.
σ28-dependent small RNA regulation of flagella biosynthesis
Authors: Melamed Sahar , Zhang Aixia , Jarnik Michal , Mills Joshua , Silverman Aviezer , Zhang Hongen , Storz Gisela
Published: October 2023

Flagella are important for bacterial motility as well as for pathogenesis. Synthesis of these structures is energy intensive and, while extensive transcriptional regulation has been described, little is known about the posttranscriptional regulation. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are widespread posttranscriptional regulators, most base pairing with mRNAs to affect their stability and/or translation. Here, we describe four UTR-derived sRNAs (UhpU, MotR, FliX and FlgO) whose expression is controlled by the flagella sigma factor σ28 (fliA) in Escherichia coli. Interestingly, the four sRNAs have varied effects on flagellin protein levels, flagella number and cell motility. UhpU, corresponding to the 3´ UTR of a metabolic gene, likely has hundreds of targets including a transcriptional regulator at the top flagella regulatory cascade connecting metabolism and flagella synthesis. Unlike most sRNAs, MotR and FliX base pair within the coding sequences of target mRNAs and act on ribosomal protein mRNAs connecting ribosome production and flagella synthesis. The study shows how sRNA-mediated regulation can overlay a complex network enabling nuanced control of flagella synthesis.
Endogenous oscillatory rhythms and interactive contingencies jointly influence infant attention during early infant-caregiver interaction
Authors: Phillips Emily A.M. , Goupil Louise , Whitehorn Megan , Bruce-Gardyne Emma , Csolsim Florian A. , Kaur Navsheen , Greenwood Emily , Marriott-Haresign Ira , Wass Sam V.
Published: October 2023

Almost all early cognitive development takes place in social contexts. At the moment, however, we know little about the neural and cognitive mechanisms that drive infant attention during social interactions. Recording EEG during naturalistic caregiver-infant interactions (N=66), we compare two different accounts. Attentional scaffolding perspectives emphasise the role of the caregiver in structuring the child’s behaviour, whilst active learning models focus on motivational factors, endogenous to the infant, that guide their attention. Our results show that, already by 12-months, intrinsic cognitive processes control infants’ attention: fluctuations in endogenous oscillatory neural activity associated with changes in infant attentiveness, and predicted the length of infant attention episodes towards objects. In comparison, infant attention was not forwards-predicted by caregiver gaze, or modulations in the spectral and temporal properties of their caregiver’s speech. Instead, caregivers rapidly modulated their behaviours in response to changes in infant attention and cognitive engagement, and greater reactive changes associated with longer infant attention. Our findings suggest that shared attention develops through interactive but asymmetric, infant-led processes that operate across the caregiver-child dyad.
Identification and validation of key genes associated with pathogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Li Ai , Li Yan , Li Yueyue , Zhang Mingming , Zhang Hong , Chen Feixue
Published: October 2023

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, the precise mechanisms and specific biomarkers of GC have not been fully elucidated. We therefore sought to identify and validate the genes associated with GC.

Methods

RNA sequencing was performed on gastric tissue specimens from 10 cases each of non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and GC. Validation of gene expression was conducted through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The Kaplan–Meier Plotter database was utilized to screen genes associated with prognosis, while protein–protein interaction analysis was conducted to identify hub genes.

Results

In GC-IM, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in pathways related to ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt pathway, and pathways in cancer. Conversely, in IM-NAG, the DEGs were primarily enriched in pathways associated with fat digestion and absorption, pancreatic secretion, and retinol metabolism. IHC staining revealed elevated expression levels of KLK7 and KLK10 in GC. Specifically, KLK7 expression was found to be correlated with differentiation (P = 0.025) and depth of invasion (P = 0.007) in GC, while both KLK7 and KLK10 were associated with the overall survival (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a total of ten hub genes from DEGs in GC-NAG (COL6A2, COL1A1, COL4A1, COL1A2, SPARC, COL4A2, FN1, PCOLCE, SERPINH1, LAMB1) and five hub genes in IM-NAG (SI, DPP4, CLCA1, MEP1A, OLFM4) were demonstrated to have a significant correlation with the prognosis of GC.

Conclusions

The present study successfully identified and validated crucial genes associated with GC, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of this disease. The findings of this study have the potential to inform clinical practice.
Desde la ciudad consolidada a la expansión urbana: inversión pública en proyectos de movilidad como oportunidad para el desarrollo de corredores multipropósitos con aporte al paisaje en la Región Metropolitana
Authors:   , Gómez Rojas María José
Published: October 2023

Actualmente, nos encontramos frente a un escenario urbano en donde las políticas territoriales priorizan el desarrollo de proyectos de transporte colectivo a objeto de garantizar la habitabilidad y la inclusión social, y reactivar economías en los territorios desfavorecidos (Ravagnan et al, 2021). En este escenario, los numerosos nuevos espacios de movilidad a materializar según la agenda local, se identifican como puntos de inflexión si lo que se busca es generar cambios significativos en el territorio y en el paisaje cotidiano percibido por la población, representando un interesante campo de investigación en el marco de las oportunidades ligadas a enfoques integrados y multiescalares. A partir de esta premisa, se plantea el presente estudio con el objetivo de identificar oportunidades de diseño y planificación territorial en la ejecución de proyectos de movilidad para desarrollar infraestructuras multipropósitos como aporte al paisaje, tanto en el contexto de una ciudad consolidada (eje Fermín Vivaceta/Santa Rosa), como a su vez, en territorios condicionados al fenómeno de la expansión urbana (eje 3 Poniente/Lo Blanco/Gabriela).
De la casa patronal al suburbio. La transformación territorial de los poblados rurales de Colchagua de 1980 hasta la actualidad
Authors:   , Eyzaguirre Dominguez María Paz
Published: October 2023

A partir de las casonas patronales del valle central de Chile, crecían poblados conformados de los trabajadores de las casonas. Estos poblados tenían una estructura de enclave rural en donde se veía una lógica de repetición y jerarquía ordenadora del total. Comparando la documentación que se tiene de estos poblados de la década del 1980 con la situación actual de estos, se puede ver que han crecido aceleradamente, siguiendo parámetros de crecimiento urbano dados por instrumentos de planificación territorial y reacción a la demanda explosiva por suelo urbanizado. Lo cual modifica la lógica del poblado en términos de su escala y dependencia de un núcleo, además de prescindir de las trazas y preexistencias originales sobre las cuales orbitaba la antigua localidad. Si de la casona patronal se extendían estos poblados como estructuras rurales de importante envergadura, ¿Por qué el sistema de orden impuesto por la casona es ignorado en el desarrollo posterior de los poblados? ¿Se puede incorporar el crecimiento evolutivo a estos poblados sin prescindir de las lógicas de orden mayor y paisajístico vinculadas a las antiguas edificaciones que les daban coherencia? El sistema de crecimiento de los poblados rurales se ordenaba en torno a una estructura jerárquica conformada usualmente por un núcleo significativo y una avenida importante, los cuales orientaban la urbanización del poblado. Es debido a la ausencia de dicho núcleo como figuras estructurante y jerárquica, que el desarrollo perdió el sentido de orientación y de orden. Por lo que solo con la presencia de estructuras jerárquicas ordenadoras se puede lograr la organización de estos poblados como una totalidad y no un conjunto de edificaciones.
Caring rooms: towards an architecture of interdepedent care for women experiencing homelessness
Authors:   , Marest Mathilde Eva Andrée
Published: October 2023

En el contexto de un aumento global de personas en situación de calle y de una persistente falta de estrategias específicas para las mujeres, esta investigación desafía los predominantes enfoques biopolíticos, universalistas y asistencialistas enfrentándolos a una arquitectura de cuidados, arraigada en los principios de los derechos humanos, la interseccionalidad y la interdependencia. La tesis identifica las necesidades espaciales específicas de las mujeres en situación de calle (MSC) a través de paseos-testimonios. Arroja luz sobre una manzana urbana en Matta Sur, Santiago de Chile, que está realizando un giro innovador hacia una red de cuidados interdependientes, que podría integrar a las MSC en el futuro. El modelo de matriz interconectada de estancias, en oposición a la organización en pasillos jerárquicos y celdas genéricas individualistas, emerge como una alternativa prometedora para alojar a MSC.
Domesticidad compartida: habitar el centímetro en la ciudad. Posibilidades de los espacios de lo común en la población Legua Emergencia.
Authors:   , Celedón Juricic Amanda
Published: October 2023

Mencionada generalmente en los medios de comunicación por sus aspectos negativos asociados al narcotráfico, Legua Emergencia ha sido territorio de intervención por más de 20 años, con un enfoque principalmente policial y represivo que, en términos urbanos, ha significado medidas que buscan romper con las condiciones espaciales que hermetizan a la población, pero también recurrir a propuestas de tabula rasa, que no consideran las relaciones, lazos sociales y dinámicas que han ido conformando con el tiempo. Legua Emergencia surge cuando a mediados de la década del 40’ el problema habitacional se declara en “situación de Emergencia”, donde, a diferencia de la política anterior de la Caja de la Habitación, hubo una fuerte reducción de los costos de producción y no se planificaron espacios públicos comunes. Aun así, es en estos barrios donde podemos ver un uso más intensivo del espacio público. El hacinamiento y la falta de espacio en la vivienda ha generado que el espacio doméstico se extienda hacia la calle y adquiera usos que no son recogidos por las políticas públicas actuales. La presente investigación busca ofrecer una mirada alternativa a la población, adentrándose en la vida de y del barrio -sus normas, obligaciones, reconocimiento y reciprocidad-, con el objetivo de potenciar, bajo las exigencias de su contexto actual, esta dinámica colectiva que sostiene buena parte de la vida de la población. Se busca establecer una mirada a sus espacios cotidianos, donde pareciera ser que la disponibilidad de vereda -a escala de centímetros- es fundamental en términos de la calidad de uso del espacio público de Legua Emergencia. Se pretende abordar los espacios comunes del barrio, donde los accidentes y ensanches aparecen como potenciales lugares de revitalización de lo común. Así también, se buscará trabajar la fachada como espacio umbral entre la vivienda y la calle, y las posibilidades que permite como soporte doméstico, considerando las condiciones actuales de hacinamiento y falta de espacios públicos, así como también la búsqueda que existe -y siempre ha existido- por parte de sus habitantes de recuperar los espacios colectivos del barrio. Finalmente, pareciera ser que la posibilidad de acción está en los espacios públicos del barrio, en sus ensanches actuales, posibles ensanches y espacios colectivos.
Hacia la recuperación de barrios postindustriales: El espacio público como soporte para enfrentar la obsolescencia urbana en Pedro Aguirre Cerda Norte
Authors:   , Hermosilla Tisnao Juan Francisco
Published: October 2023

A inicios del siglo XX se comenzó a desarrollar un proceso de expansión urbana de Santiago hacia su periferia, donde la urbanización se caracterizó por el emplazamiento de actividades productivas y barrios obreros. Hoy en día, los sectores en los que se instalaron barrios e industrias del periodo desarrollista, en torno al eje del Ferrocarril de Circunvalación de Santiago y al Zanjón de la Aguada, se encuentran afectados por un proceso de obsolescencia urbana, observable tanto en sus edificaciones como en sus espacios públicos. La investigación toma como caso de estudio la pieza urbana de Pedro Aguirre Cerda Norte, situada entre calles Isabel Riquelme, Autopista Central, Carlos Valdovinos y Bascuñán Guerrero. Esta pieza es representativa de los sectores pericéntricos de Santiago, donde durante los últimos años se ha llevado a cabo un proceso de recambio de las viviendas originales por construcciones que no responden a las necesidades contemporáneas del barrio, lo que ha contribuido al deterioro y posterior abandono de esta área del pericentro. En ese sentido, la investigación propone buscar alternativas para la recuperación de estos barrios e inscribirlos en la ciudad actual, destacando la importancia de la comprensión de sus elementos constitutivos para potenciar su desarrollo. Se busca entonces, formular una propuesta de desarrollo urbano que ponga en valor los atributos de estos barrios a partir del estudio de aquellos elementos que modelan las prácticas sociales de los habitantes en estos sectores de la ciudad. La investigación propone reflexionar sobre cómo el reconocimiento de aspectos identitarios y prácticas en el espacio público en barrios residenciales del pericentro puede ser una oportunidad para estructurar una estrategia de revitalización urbana en barrios residenciales afectados por el proceso de obsolescencia del pericentro de Santiago
Contemplando las imágenes de Debussy: la estética comparada como inspiración creativa
Authors:   , Covacevich Pérez Javier
Published: October 2023

Esta investigación fue presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Artes, mención Música. Su principal objetivo es evaluar si resulta pertinente aplicar paradigmas provenientes de la pintura china de paisajes a la interpretación de dos piezas de Debussy: “Cloches à travers les feuilles” y “Et la lune descend sur le temple qui fût”. Para ello, reflexiona sobre las referencias al campo visual en la creación e interpretación de música para piano. Luego, indaga la filosofía taoísta, para luego vincularla con la ejecución instrumental. Finalmente, presenta una bitácora que exhibe los resultados prácticos de pensar el ataque de las teclas como trazos de un pincel.
Dropout rates in hivet: does evening make the difference?
Authors:   , Bezanilla Corte Antonia
Published: October 2023

Reducir la deserción en la educación superior es uno de los desafíos más relevantes en política educativa. En Chile, las instituciones de educación superior técnica presentan tasas de deserción más elevadas que las universidades, particularmente los programas vespertinos. Sin embargo, las comparaciones de promedios de deserción en los programas vespertinos versus los diurnos son poco confiables. Los estudiantes que participan en programas vespertinos o diurnos difieren en una variedad de características individuales. Usamos la metodología de propensity score matching para comparar deserción de estudiantes equivalentes de carreras técnicas para obtener estimaciones insesgadas del efecto de la jornada vespertina. Los resultados sugieren que no hay diferencia causal significativa como efecto de la jornada vespertina. Esto sugiere que las políticas relacionadas con el servicio y la calidad de los profesores que buscan mitigar la relativa mayor deserción en la jornada vespertina, en general, serán insuficientes para reducir la tasa al nivel de la jornada diurna, y en vez, deberían enfocarse en las necesidades de los estudiantes, particularmente en quienes enfrentan desafíos financieros de mayor envergadura.
Assessment of Knowledge of Pomegranate Growers of Banaskantha District, Gujarat on Pomegranate Production Technology
Authors: Singh Pushpraj , Patel V. K. , Desai C. K. , Chaudhary A. T.
Published: October 2023

Aims: To assess the knowledge level of pomegranate growers in the Banaskantha district of Gujarat, regarding pomegranate production technology both before and after training programme.

Study Design: No experimental quantitative ex post facto research.

Place and Duration of Study: Targeted farmers from four talukas within the jurisdiction of the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK).

Methodology: Total 30 trainings covering various aspects of pomegranate production were, conducted both on-campus and off-campus, during year 2019-2022 and 150 trainee farmers were randomly selected for pre- and post-training evaluations. The questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the knowledge.

Results: The overall findings revealed that 48.33 percent of growers possessed low knowledge, 36.50 percent had medium knowledge, and 15.17 percent exhibited a higher level of knowledge concerning pomegranate production technology. Specifically, 20.67 percent and 16.67 percent of growers demonstrated good knowledge in integrated nutrient management and harvesting techniques, respectively. Conversely, 49.33 percent and 40.00 percent of growers exhibited low knowledge levels in harvesting techniques, fruit cracking and sun scalding management, and integrated nutrient management. Moreover, the majority of pomegranate growers demonstrated limited knowledge in post-harvest handling (61.33 percent), pest and disease management (56.00 percent), bahar management (50.67 percent), layout and planting, as well as the management of fruit cracking, sun scalding, 48.67 percent), as well as fruit setting and fruit quality management (48.00 percent). The mean knowledge score for pest and disease management was 108.33, which showed substantial improvement from the pre-training mean score of 36.03. Whereas, the aspect of bahar management demonstrated the most significant increase in knowledge (125.15).

Conclusion: The post-training evaluation indicated an overall knowledge enhancement of 92.57 percent on various aspects of pomegranate production technology. The assessment of knowledge among pomegranate growers on pomegranate production technology reveals both strengths and areas for improvement.
Cloud Computing Technology: An Effective Tool for Curriculum Delivery in Nigeria Educational Process
Authors: Abdullahi Shehu, Suleiman , Mafara Rabiatu, M.,
Published: October 2023

The paper examined Cloud Computing Technology: An Effective Tool for Curriculum Delivery in Nigeria Educational Process. This is because the current technology is a paradigm shift towards making the whole process of teaching and learning students’ centre thereby ensuring the development of the needed skills in this 21st Century that include, critical thinking, collaborations and problem solving. Notable to all, majority of students and teachers have one form of technology or the other, such as cell phones, mobile phones and mini-computers which makes it easy to access the internet at their fingertips. With this development, Teaching-Learning and Research in Education will undergone a phenomenal change which would makes the whole process changing so significantly. Hence, the use of these tools in the education sector will strengthen further and reform the system. Because it would enables learning everywhere and all the time. Based on the above, the paper explored the definitions and meaning of cloud computing; Implementation & Use of the tools for Teaching and Learning, were discussed. Similarly, the components structure and its types was identified and explained such as: Public Cloud, Private Clouds and Hybrid Clouds The paper equally, identified Advantages as well as dis-advantages of the use of cloud computing in education. Such advantages include Accessible educational tools; Improved collaboration & Better learning facilities. Lastly, conclusion and recommendations for the improved use of cloud computing in education were highlighted and this include, Educators considering implementing of the cloud into their context for teaching and learning should ensure that the tools can be effectively handle both by the students and teachers in order to achieve the curriculum objectives.
Assessment of Interstitial and Surface Water Quality of Ibaka Creek Rivers State, Nigeria: The Case of Artisanal Refinery Activities
Authors: Akubuo Florence C. , Osuji Leo C. , Hart Aduabobo I.
Published: October 2023

The study examined how artisanal refinery activities affect interstitial and surface water quality along Ibaka Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. A multi-meter was used to measure the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, and total dissolved solids. In addition to dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved oxygen demand (BOD5) was measured with an Extech multimeter. All of the physicochemical parameters were within the limits of the acceptable limits (WHO, EPA, and SON). As a result, both surface and interstitial water in Ibaka Creeks showed variations in its EC, TDS, pH, temperature, salinity, BOD5, and DO values. However, surface water recorded higher EC (30.04±0.19 µS/m) and TDS (29.87±0.18 mg/L) values, while interstitial water showed a higher pH value of 7.25±0.07 and lower temperature values of 27.94±0.09°C. The surface water had a higher salinity (0.64±0.15 ppt), BOD5 of 3.36mg/L and a DO value of 4.61mg/L than interstitial water. BOD and pH values were not significantly different between surface water and interstitial water (p>0.05). There were the highest values recorded in November for surface and interstitial water, except for BOD5 values, which were highest in December. The lowest temperatures and pH were recorded in February, while the lowest levels of oxygen were recorded in April. The salinity and BOD5 levels were also lowest in March, while electrical conductivity and TDS levels were lowest in February. In March, salinity and BOD5 were the lowest, while electrical conductivity and TDS were the lowest. The seasonal variation and anthropogenic influences were attributed to fluctuations in parameters across the months. To ensure the health of aquatic ecosystems and support sustainable management practices, continuous monitoring and assessment are essential.
Genetic Analysis of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] Lines for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits
Authors: Maheswari V. Uma , Reddy P. Sanjana , Eswari K. B. , Pallavi M.
Published: October 2023

This investigation was conducted to study combining ability along with inheritance of grain yield and its component traits in 36 hybrids of pearl millet which were generated through line × tester mating design using 12 male sterile lines and 3 restorers as parental material at IIMR, Hyderabad during kharif, 2022. These hybrids were evaluated in randomized block design with 3 replications during kharif, 2022 and summer, 2023 at IIMR, Hyderabad. In results, both GCA and SCA variances were found significant for majority of characters. The ratio of GCA and SCA variance indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters studied except for panicle length and panicle width. GCA effects revealed that parents like 274A, 269A, 04999A and 260A (female) and 123R (male) were good general combiners for grain yield and some contributing characters. On the basis of SCA effects the crosses namely 252A × 124R, 843-22A × 124R, 843-22A × 132R, 242A × 123R, 264A × 132R and 274A × 123R were identified as superior for grain yield and related traits over the seasons. Therefore, it is advised that these parents and hybrids be used in the creation of fruitful hybrids as well as for population growth.
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Carbon Stock under Wheat and Eucalyptus Based Agroforestry System in Central India
Authors: Singh Atul , Jain K. K. , Upadyaya S. D.
Published: October 2023

An experiment was organised to evaluation of carbon dioxide equivalent carbon stock or sequestration by wheat, weed and eucalyptus tree under an agroforestry system with different weed control treatments. The two year experiment was performed during 2016-17 and 2017-18 in a well managed farmer field of block shahpura village majitha, Jabalpur with supervision of department of forestry jnkvv Jabalpur. The result revealed that the wheat crop found total CO2 equivalent C stock was significantly higher under hand weeding at 30 DAS 15.62 and 14.07 t/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectivelyover weedy check.The pooled data in wheat crop showed thatweed management practices was found higher total CO2 equivalent C stock range from (10.87 to 14.85 t/ha) over weedy check (9.68 t/ha) under wheat-Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system.The total CO2 equivalent C stockin weed was significantly higher under weedy check (4.31 to 4.37 t/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively) over hand weeding at 30 DAS (0.57 and 0.18 t/ha during both year). The pooled data showed that the average total CO2 equivalent C stock in weed was significantly higher under weedy check (4.34 t/ha) over hand weeding 30 DAS (0.30 t/ha). The weed management practices was found lower CO2 equivalent C stockrange from (0.38 to 1.80 t/ha) under a wheat-Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system. The total CO2 equivalent C stock of eucalyptus tree was found range between 195.11 to 204.61 t/ha and 248.39 to 258.78 t/ha was found during during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively under wheat-Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system.The statistical analysis of the pooled data showed that the CO2 equivalent C stockin eucalyptus tree varied from 224.18 to 230.86 t/ha was found under wheat-Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system.CO2 equivalent C stockof agroforestry system was found to range between 63.06 to 66.93 t/ha and 62.48 to 66.01 t/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18 under wheat-Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system.The pooled data showed that total CO2 equivalent C stockin agroforestry system was found varied from 62.77 to 66.47 t/ha under wheat-Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system.
Schistosomiasis and Malaria Co-Infection in School Age Children in the Tiko Health District, South West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Eyong Esum Mathias , Endialle Nzene Marion , Ngwa Ambe Marius , Molua Sophie Etutu Jose , Bongajum Jini Victor , Peter Enyong
Published: October 2023

Aims: Parasitic infections are a major cause of diseases and morbidity in Africa, with malaria inflicting the largest burden followed by schistosomiasis. Co-infection with schistosomiasis and malaria may lead to severe health effects on children harbouring both infections. Studies have suggested that co-infection with helminths and malaria alters haematological indices. This study investigated co-infection with Schistosoma species and Plasmodium falciparum amongst school-aged children in the Tiko Health District, South West Region of Cameroon.

Methods:  A community based study was conducted in three health areas (Holforth, Tiko Town and Likomba) of the Tiko Health District. Participants aged 5 – 15 years were enrolled into the study. Blood, urine and stool samples were collected from the participants after obtaining consent from their parents. Samples were examined using Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a haemoglobinometer. A total of 397 participants were enrolled into the study.

Results: The prevalence of schistosomiasis, falciparum malaria and co-infection amongst school aged children were 16.1%, 44.3% and 7.8% respectively. Prevalence of anaemia was 38.0%. Those co-infected had the highest prevalence of anaemia (54.8%) than the mono-infected participants though this difference was not statistically significant (x2 = 3.96, P = 0.138). Co-infection was associated with the health area (x² = 13.878, P = 0.001) and visit to the stream (x²= 7.223, P = 0.007). There was an association between co-infection and malaria parasite density (x² = 7.525, P = 0.0232).

Conclusion: There was a relatively low prevalence of co-infection of schistosomiasis and malaria in school-aged children in the Tiko Health District. With respect to anaemia severity, there was no observed association between the infection category and severity of anaemia among the participants (x2 = 5.64, P = 0.464).
Study of the Histological and Histopathological Effects of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) on Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage in Rabbits
Authors: Hassan Omar Y. , Khatal Abdelraof A. , Alagouri Iman I. , Eljrieby Laila R. , Aljaghdaf Hawa M. , Muftah Saleh S.
Published: October 2023

Cisplatin (cis-diammine-dichlorido-platinum II) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating different cancers types. However, its usage is limited because it induces harmful toxicities in multiple organs, including nephrotoxicity. Garlic extract has several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant activity. The aim of the study is to alleviative effects of garlic extract (Allium sativum) cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rabbits. Twenty-seven healthy domestic male rabbits were used in this work were randomly divided into three groups, each comprising of nine rabbits.The first group (Co) served as control and received a single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline solution, once per week, for six weeks, the second group (Cp) were treated with (7mg/ kg of body weight) therapeutic dose of cisplatin intraperitoneally once per week for six weeks and the third group (Cp+ Ga) received a dose of 250mg/kg body weightof garlic extract by oral gavages, starting from the first day of the experiment for 6 consecutive days before and 6 consecutive days after the cisplatin injection and continued daily for 6 weeks. In addition, this group was treated with (7 mg / kg of body weight) therapeutic dose of cisplatin intraperitoneally once per week for six weeks.After six weeks of experiment, the animals of the experimental and control groups were anaesthetized by ether inhalation, laparotomized. From the renal histological sections of Cp-treated group displayed pronounced histopathological lesions, destruction of the renal tubules, slogging of almost entire epithelium due to desquamation of tubular epithelium, with pyknosis of their nuclei and swelling with multi-vacuolations of the cytoplasm with obliteration of their lumina, remarkable necrosis, and hyaline casts in renal tubules and focal area of severe haemorrhage compared with those of control (Co) group. While sections from the kidneys of animals received a therapeutic dose of cisplatin and were treated by garlic extract, group (Cp+Ga) revealed less to no distinct pathological damage in renal corpuscles and renal tubules were restored nearly to the control ones. It is concluded that garlic (Allium sativum) extract has a powerful alleviative effectagainst CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits.
“NOSSO POVO NUNCA VAI SE ENTREGAR”
Authors: Souza Anderson Alves de , Lima Leonardo , Bezerra Fábio
Published: October 2023

Thiago Elniño é rapper, arte-educador e pedagogo. Em suas letras, o músico retrata a difícil situação social vivida pelos/as negros/as na atualidade. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar a representação dos/as negro/as em duas músicas de Thiago Elniño por meio do arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional, particularmente seu Sistema de Transitividade (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004). Os resultados revelaram os/as negros/as em diversas situações de violência cometidas por pessoas brancas e as instituições que historicamente representam. As letras também apresentam o caráter de resistência do povo negro, que, por meio de suas tradições, recria formas de existência. Este trabalho apresenta o rap como uma possível ferramenta pedagógica antirracista.
A QUESTÃO DA SINONÍMIA NA TERMINOLOGIA DO BABAÇU DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Silveira Theciana Silva
Published: October 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os processos que motivam a sinonímia presentes na terminologia do babaçu, com base na fala das quebradeiras de coco do Maranhão. Para tanto, fundamenta-se nas discussões teóricas do estudo da sinonímia no domínio da semântica (e da terminologia. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído por textos da fala das quebradeiras de coco babaçu, de sete municípios maranhenses. Com base na análise dos dados, foi possível identificar os processos que motivam o fenômeno sinonímico na terminologia estudada, dentre eles: os processos metafóricos e os processos hiperonímicos/hiponímicos. Pretende-se com este trabalho corroborar os trabalhos que entendem que a sinonímia é um fenômeno imprescindível para a descrição da realidade terminológica.
A ABORDAGEM DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE RELATIVIZAÇÃO EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Marcelino Camilla de Castro , Magalhães Telma
Published: October 2023

Neste artigo, analisamos a abordagem das estratégias de relativização em livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa dos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Assumimos os pressupostos gerativistas (CHOMSKY, 1986 e seguintes), considerando a expansão da gramática periférica a partir do input ordenado escolar (KATO, 2005; 2018). O corpus é composto pelas duas coleções de livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa mais adquiridas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2020. Observamos que há poucos exemplos de relativas preposicionais – tanto nos textos expositivos quanto nas atividades –, apenas uma coleção apresenta a estratégia cortadora e nenhuma obra menciona a estratégia resumptiva. Defendemos a necessidade de se considerar o conhecimento linguístico prévio dos alunos sobre as orações relativas e, a partir disso, de se fornecer um input mais rico na abordagem dessas estruturas.
Apresentação
Authors: Pinto Carlos Felipe , Baptista Livia , Lima Mirella
Published: October 2023

Apresentação
Revising NIH’s Mission Statement to Remove Ableist Language
Authors: Iezzoni Lisa I. , Swenor Bonnielin K.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint emphasizes the importance of policy statements using “person-first” language to mitigate discrimination against people with disabilities and to boost modern views in the medical and research communities.
Ominous Electrocardiogram Changes in a Man With Distal Extremity Weakness
Authors: Zhang Yubin , Han Yiru , Huang Xi
Published: October 2023

This case report describes a man in his 30s who presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of distal extremity weakness after waking up 10 hours prior.
MAP kinases may mediate regulation of the cell cycle in rice by E2F2 phosphorylation
Authors: Singh Dhanraj , Banerjee Gopal , Verma Neetu , Sinha Alok Krishna
Published: October 2023

E2F is the key transcription factor that determines the proliferative status of cells by regulating the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. In this study, we show that in rice (Oryza sativa), OsE2F2 is a phosphorylation target of MAP kinases. The MAP kinases OsMPK3, OsMPK4, and OsMPK6 interact with and phosphorylate OsE2F2. Next, we determined the serine and threonine residues that could play a role in the phosphorylation of OsE2F2. Subsequently, our study suggests a possible link between MAP kinase‐mediated OsE2F2 phosphorylation and its impact on DNA proliferation in the roots of rice seedlings. Finally, we found positive feedback regulation of OsMPK4 by OsE2F2. Therefore, our study hints at the potential impact of MAP kinase signaling on the cell cycle of rice plants.
Repositioning VU‐0365114 as a novel microtubule‐destabilizing agent for treating cancer and overcoming drug resistance
Authors: Hsieh Yao‐Yu , Du Jia‐Ling , Yang Pei‐Ming
Published: October 2023

Microtubule‐targeting agents represent one of the most successful classes of anticancer agents. However, the development of drug resistance and the appearance of adverse effects hamper their clinical implementation. Novel microtubule‐targeting agents without such limitations are urgently needed. By employing a gene expression‐based drug repositioning strategy, this study identifies VU‐0365114, originally synthesized as a positive allosteric modulator of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (M5 mAChR), as a novel type of tubulin inhibitor by destabilizing microtubules. VU‐0365114 exhibits a broad‐spectrum in vitro anticancer activity, especially in colorectal cancer cells. A tumor xenograft study in nude mice shows that VU‐0365114 slowed the in vivo colorectal tumor growth. The anticancer activity of VU‐0365114 is not related to its original target, M5 mAChR. In addition, VU‐0365114 does not serve as a substrate of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins, and thus, it can overcome MDR. Furthermore, a kinome analysis shows that VU‐0365114 did not exhibit other significant off‐target effects. Taken together, our study suggests that VU‐0365114 primarily targets microtubules, offering potential for repurposing in cancer treatment, although more studies are needed before further drug development.
Microphysiological Models of Lung Epithelium‐Alveolar Macrophage Co‐Cultures to Study Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Lagowala Dave A. , Wally Arabelis , Wilmsen Kai , Kim Byunggik , Yeung‐Luk Bonnie , Choi Jong Seob , Swaby Carter , Luk Matthew , Feller Laine , Ghosh Baishakhi , Niederkofler Austin , Tieng Ethan , Sherman Ethan , Chen Daniel , Upadya Nisha , Zhang Rachel , Kim Deok‐Ho , Sidhaye Venkataramana
Published: October 2023

The interactions between immune cells and epithelial cells influence the progression of many respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In vitro models allow for the examination of cells in controlled environments. However, these models lack the complex 3D architecture and vast multicellular interactions between the lung resident cells and infiltrating immune cells that can mediate cellular response to insults. In this study, three complementary microphysiological systems are presented to delineate the effects of cigarette smoke and respiratory disease on the lung epithelium. First, the Transwell system allows the co‐culture of pulmonary immune and epithelial cells to evaluate cellular and monolayer phenotypic changes in response to cigarette smoke exposure. Next, the human and mouse precision‐cut lung slices system provides a physiologically relevant model to study the effects of chronic insults like cigarette smoke with the dissection of specific interaction of immune cell subtypes within the structurally complex tissue environment. Finally, the lung‐on‐a‐chip model provides an adaptable system for live imaging of polarized epithelial tissues that mimic the in vivo environment of the airways. Using a combination of these models, a complementary approach is provided to better address the intricate mechanisms of lung disease.
Electroacupuncture Mediates Fat Metabolism and Autophagy via a Sirt3‐Dependent Mechanism in Mice Fed High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Wang Ming , Sun Zhicheng , Ou Yanggang , Ge Wei , Yuan Mengqian , Xu Bin
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of electroacupuncture (EA) on obesity, focusing on its influence on autophagy and energy metabolism, utilizing a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced mouse model. Treatment with EA significantly reduces body weight, fat deposition, and lipid accumulation in HFD‐fed mice. Additionally, EA effectively ameliorates metabolic imbalances, reducing blood glucose levels and plasma markers of liver function. At the molecular level, EA enhances the expression of thermogenesis‐associated genes in brown adipose tissue and decreases p53 expression, suggesting a decrease in apoptosis. Autophagy in white adipose tissue is inhibited by EA, as demonstrated by the suppression of key autophagy‐related proteins. Further experiments highlight the critical role of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) in EA's anti‐obesity effects. Sirt3 supplementation combined with EA results in reduced body weight, fat deposition, and lipid accumulation, along with modulations in key metabolic indicators. Moreover, EA's modulatory effect on uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (Pgc‐1α), and p53 is found to be Sirt3 dependent. In conclusion, EA exerts beneficial effects against obesity through Sirt3‐dependent modulation of autophagy and energy metabolism, indicating a potential therapeutic approach for obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Gradual Electrical‐Double‐Layer Modulation in Ion‐Polymer Networks for Flexible Pressure Sensors with Wide Dynamic Range
Authors: Lee Haechang , Sharma Ramakant , Park Sehwan , Bao Zhenan , Moon Hanul , Yoo Seunghyup
Published: October 2023

To realize flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, surface‐textured soft films have often been adopted and the contact area can vary significantly depending on the applied pressure. However, the contact area modulation realized in such a way is subject to a limited dynamic range, and its infinitesimal zero‐pressure contact area raises concerns regarding durability. Herein, a flexible pressure sensor made of a texturing‐free piezocapacitive layer based on ion‐polymer networks is proposed. In this scheme, ion infiltration leads to electrical‐double‐layer modulation that gradually varies over a wide range of applied pressures. The proposed flexible pressure sensors with the optimal ion concentration are shown to exhibit both excellent mechanical durability and linear responses with high sensitivity over a wide pressure range up to 1 MPa. With the simple fabrication route, high performance, and reliability, the proposed approach may open up a new avenue for skin‐like pressure sensors ideal for many emerging applications.
Lead‐Induced Microstrain in Synthesis and Manipulation of Porous Pyrochlore for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Qingren , Liu Tongtong , Guo Hengyu , Chen Yanan , Di Yajing , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Feng
Published: October 2023

Pyrochlore ruthenates are highlighted as candidates to replace iridium oxide as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst, but their designable geometric configurations and composition modulations are hampered by the high‐temperature (≈1100 °C) and long‐time calcination (more than 12 h), which further decreases the technical and economic feasibility. In this work, an energy‐ and time‐saving approach is proposed to prepare pyrochlore yttrium ruthenate at a much lower calcination temperature (600 °C) and shorter calcination time (6 h) just by inducing A‐site substitutions of lead ions (YPRO). The local microstrain derived from Pb provides the surficial compression and extra driving force to overcome the strain energy of phase‐transition resistances and the obtained low‐temperature YPRO exhibits enriched pores, deficient geometries, shortened Ru─O bond, and enlarged Ru─O─Ru bond angle, which further modify the electronic structure, involving of the rearranged band alignment and the eliminated bandgap. The regulated morphologic, geometric, and electronic structures in YPRO synergically boost the electrocatalytic OER performance (4.8‐fold and 30.0‐fold enhancements compared with pyrochlore yttrium ruthenate and commercial iridium dioxide (IrO2), respectively) in universal pH conditions. This substitution‐induced strain engineering on phase transition should also be effective for other high‐temperature materials and trigger their diverse intriguing properties.
Design of a Unique Hole‐Transporting Molecule via Introducing a Chloro‐Involved Chelating Moiety for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Peng , He Dingqian , Li Sihan , Cui Hong , Yang Yuxuan , Chen Wentao , Salah AL‐Shuaa , Feng Yaqing , Zhang Bao
Published: October 2023

Hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) play an important role in transporting photogenerated holes, tuning the perovskite crystallization process, and passivating uncoordinated Pb2+ defects for high‐performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a unique cost‐effective small molecule‐type HTM based on a triarylamine core bearing a chloro‐assisted chelating moiety (named TPA‐CAA) is synthesized, which has excellent affinity to the perovskite precursor solution leading to smooth and uniform perovskite films. In comparison with the structurally similar molecule TPA‐AA with the absence of the chloro‐substituent, TPA‐CAA can form a chelate structure with Pb2+ via the carbonyl and the adjacent chloro‐atom, which efficiently tunes the perovskite crystallization, passivates the defects, and enhances the hole transporting at the perovskite/HTL interface. Eventually, the TPA‐CAA‐based inverted PSC achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.56% (19.64% and 18.84% for the poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) and TPA‐AA ones, respectively) with a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.113 V. Moreover, the stability of the TPA‐CAA‐based device is notably improved, and the PCE maintains over 80% of its initial value over 1000 h storage in ambient air (25 °C, relative humidity 30–40%) without encapsulation, in comparison to that of the PTAA device (only 50% of the initial value left over 1000 h).
Universal Strategy for Regulating Protein‐Based High Internal Phase Emulsions as 3D Printing Materials
Authors: Xiao Feng , Hu Sijie , Li Jinyu , Pan Jinfeng , Dong Xiuping , Du Ming , Xu Xianbing
Published: October 2023

Protein‐stabilized high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), which are pseudoplastic fluids with shear thinning and high viscoelasticity, are suitable for 3D printing inks. However, owing to the lack of a universal approach to the 3D printing of HIPEs, existing printing materials are unable to meet the developmental, biocompatibility, and safety requirements of various applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that post‐acidification of protein HIPEs enhances 3D printing performance. This method has the advantage of breaking through protein limitations, pH, and other environmental factors. The self‐supporting property required for 3D printing is achieved through the self‐assembly of continuous‐phase proteins into particle aggregates, and interfacial stability is maintained owing to the constant interfacial tension and contact angle. The acid‐induced protein aggregates in the continuous phase do not affect the stability of the modified HIPEs. This work provides a valuable new idea for advancing the application of protein HIPEs in 3D printing through a post‐acidification strategy.