bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase II Study of Peg-Asparaginase, Etoposide, Gemcitabine (PEG) Followed by Involved- Field Radiation Therapy in Early-Stage Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Wang Hua , feng demei , yan zhimin , Fu Bibo , Bai Shenrui , Zhu Lewei , Gale Robert Peter , Xia Zhongjun , Liang Yang
Published: June 2023

Background The prognosis of extra-nodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is poor and the best therapy controversial. We studied safety and efficacy of a new combined modality therapy.Methods Phase-2 study of peg-asparaginase, etoposide and gemcitabine (PEG) and involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) in newly-diagnosed subjects with early-stage ENKTL. 2–6 course of PEG were given depending on response followed by IFRT. The primary endpoint were complete response(CR),partial response(PR),and objective response rate(ORR) after IFRT. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), survival and adverse events.Results 34 consecutive subjects who were Ann Arbor stage-I/-II were enrolled. 3 subjects progressed on PEG, the remaining 31 received IFRT. The ORR was 88.2%(30/34),included 28(82.4%)complete and 2 ༈5.8%༉ partial responses. At a median follow-up of 56.0 months (Interquartile Range [IQR], 36.0-66.9 months),the 5-year PFS and survival were 87.4% (95% Confidence Interval [CI],69.5%-94.8%) and 97.1% (95%CI,80.1%-99.6%). Most adverse events were haematological and easily managed.Conclusions PEG followed by IFRT is a safe and effective initial therapy for low-stage ENKTL, with similar toxicity and response rates, but higher progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) rates compared to other regimens, providing an effective and tolerable new regimen for the newly diagnosed early-stage ENKTL.This conclusion needs validation in a randomized controlled trial.
Health Impact Assessment in two Planning Projects in England: Reflections on Normative Effectiveness
Authors: Fischer Thomas B , Chang Michael , Muthoora Tara
Published: June 2023

Background
This article reports on research commissioned by (what was at the time) Public Health England (PHE) on the normative effectiveness of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) applied in two planning situations; (a) a new town at Cranbrook, Devon (HIA prepared in 2007), and (b) the regeneration of the Marsh farm area in Luton (HIA prepared in 2009). The aim was to examine the contribution of HIA to actions that are intended to lead to good or improved health and wellbeing.
Methods
Normative HIA effectiveness criteria were used to guide the analysis. The two included HIA cases were previously identified as good practice examples with regards to procedure and report quality. Semi-structured interviews with public health, planning and other actors originally involved in the HIAs were conducted in 2021. This was followed up by web-searches for evidence on actual developments in 2023.
Results
Interviews indicated that normative effectiveness was initially high, but that the longer term effects of the financial crash of 2008, reduced this. Delays in initially anticipated timelines and HIA actors moving elsewhere meant that HIAs were not followed-up and connections between developments and the HIAs were no longer made. However, key HIA suggestions were eventually implemented, albeit with delay. There is evidence for improved IMD (index of multiple deprivation) rankings in the Marsh farm case.
Conclusion
A mismatch is observed with regards to HIA exercises appearing to be largely ‘forgotten’ after over a decade of their publication, but recommendations still being implemented, possibly as a result of ‘institutional memory’. Making monitoring and follow-up of HIA binding rather than advisory would allow for direct linkages to be made.
Research progress of methods for degradation of Bisphenol A
Authors: Han Ying , Dai Hao , Rong Xiaolong , wang Mingxin , Xue Yingang , Jiang Haixia
Published: June 2023

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor widely used in industrial production, is found in various environmental sources. Despite numerous reports on BPA degradation and removal, the details remain unclear. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive review of BPA degradation methods, focusing on biological, physical, and chemical treatments, and the factors that affect the degradation of BPA. Firstly, the paper uses VOSviewer software to map out the literature on BPA degradation published in the past 20 years, which reveals the trends and research focus in this field. Next, the advantages and limitations of different BPA degradation methods are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the importance of BPA degradation to protect the environment and human health. The paper provides significant insights for researchers and policymakers to develop better approaches for BPA degradation and removal.
Etiologic diagnosis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of nosocomial infection in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohamed Abdikarin Ahmed , Hadgu Amanuel , Seyoum Dawit , Gebrekidan Goitom , Ebrahim Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss , Mohammedamin Mohammed Mustefa , Gebre Niguse Tsegay , Haftu Hansa
Published: June 2023

Background
Antimicrobial resistance in the pediatric population is emerging and becoming a global threat. Data from the WHO found that infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria were found to have a higher death rate across all ages. This study assesses nosocomial infection's etiologic cause and antimicrobial resistance pattern in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).
Result
Forty-five (20.2%) patients admitted to pediatric ICU acquired nosocomial infection (NI). The median age of the patients was one year (IQR 0.5–5.5), with an M: F ratio of 1:1.4. Etiology diagnosis was confirmed in 21 (42.9%) patients. Gram-negative bacteria were the major contributor to NI. Klebsiella pneumonia was the most common isolate, accounting for 34.6%, followed by Acinetobacter (19.2%), Staphylococcus species (11.5%), and Escherichia coli (11.5%). Third-generation cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime) had a 100% resistance against all organisms tested. About 96% of the pathogens had a multidrug-resistant pattern. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) staphylococcus aureus was also identified in one patient.
Conclusion
The findings of the study revealed that nearly all bacterial isolates demonstrated a multidrug resistance pattern, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, despite the delay in administering appropriate therapy. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant organisms identified.
Understanding the Inconsistent Nature of Blast Resistance in Combined Bacterial Leaf Blight and Blast Gene Pyramided Lines of Rice Variety Tellahamsa
Authors: E Ramaprasad , Ch Durga Rani V , N Neerja C , G Padmavathi , R Jagadeeshwar , C Anjali , Thakur Priya , N Yamini K , S Laha G , Prasad Srinivas M , Alhelaify Seham Sater , Aharthy Ohud Muslat , Sayed Samy M , Mushtaq Muntazir
Published: June 2023

Background
Rice blast and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) are the most limiting factors for rice production in the world which cause yield losses typically ranging from 20 to 30% and can be as high as 50% in some areas of Asia especially India under severe infection conditions.
Methods and Results
An improved line of Tellahamsa TH-625-491 having two BLB resistance genes (xa13 and Xa21) and two blast resistance genes (Pi54 and Pi1) with 95% Tellahamsa genome was used in the present study. TH-625-491 was validated for all four target genes and was used for backcrossing with Tellahamsa. Seventeen IBC1F1 plants heterozygous for all four target genes, 19 IBC1F2 plants homozygous for four, three and two gene combinations and 19 IBC1F2:3 plants also homozygous for four, three and two gene combinations were observed. Among seventeen IBC1F1 plants IBC1F1-62 plant recorded highest recurrent parent genome (97.5%) covering 75 polymorphic markers. A total of 920 IBC1F2 plants were screened and 19 homozygous plants possessing four, three and two target genes along with bacterial blight resistance. Background analysis was done in all 19 homozygous IBC1F2 plants possessing BLB resistance (possessing xa13, Xa21, Pi54 and Pi1 in different combinations) with five parental polymorphic SSR markers. IBC1F2-62-515 recovered 98.5% recurrent parent genome. The four, three and two gene pyramided lines of Tellahamsa exhibited inconsistent resistance to blast.
Conclusions
Thus, there is a dire need for studying the blast pathogen because it is having complicated developmental processes in association with surrounding environments as strategies for survival and dispersal.
Barrel rifling node offset detection and subsequent optimization based on thin film IMD characteristics Johnson-cook model
Authors: Chang Hanjui , Zhang Guangyi , Sun Yue , Lu Shuzhou , Wang Rui
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a nodal detection method for the detection and optimization of barrel helix offset, the barrel used in this experiment is a 3-helix barrel, which will use the special properties of the film to cover the surface of the barrel helix with a virtual IMD film, and use the unique nature of the film die offset in IMD to detect the position of the barrel helix, the area with a large die index is the area with a large helix offset of the barrel, and the IMD die index is introduced to quantify the data. The IMD die index is used to determine the helix offset of the damaged barrel. The novelty of this work is that each node can use the die index to efficiently detect the position of the barrel helix deviation, and then carry out subsequent optimization and repair work through the optimization of injection molding parameters and the design optimization of the barrel, and verify the experiment by comparing the results. Through the steady-state research mode under simulation, different permutations and combinations of the two process parameters are simulated to study their influence in the processing process. Quantitative reference indicators include but are not limited to dependent variables such as fluid flow velocity, shear rate, temperature distribution and phase transition, and the shear heating process of the injection screw is taken into account in the mold flow analysis to ensure that the die index value is more accurate. It can be seen from the analysis results that the temperature of the barrel changes after changing the groove depth and groove width, and the effect ratio of groove depth is lower than that of groove width in the same degree of size change.
First report of Culex (Culex) camposi Dyar, 1925 and Culex (Carrollia) bonnei Dyar, 1921 via male genitalia and CoxI barcoding sequence analyses in Huanuco, Peru
Authors: Sabino Eddyson Montalvo , Marquez-Ocaña Omayra P. , Otiniano-Moreno Griselda A. , Condezo Gizeth K. Daza , Chuquiyauri-Talenas Miguel A. , Melo Tiago , Seixas Gonçalo , Parreira Ricardo , de Almeida António Paulo Gouveia
Published: June 2023

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) pose a significant threat to public health worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, where they act as primary vectors in transmission of infectious agents. In Peru, where 182 culicid species have been identified, several species of the genus Culex are known to transmit arboviruses. However, knowledge of the diversity and distribution of mosquitoes remains limited, with many studies focusing on specific regions only. This study reports the presence of two mosquito species in Peru: ex-larvae Culex (Culex) camposi Dyar, 1925 and Cx. (Carrollia) bonnei Dyar, 1921, identified through larval collections and molecular analyses. In total, 10 mosquitoes (8 males and 2 females) were analyzed, the dissection of the genitalia of the 8 male specimens allowed the identification of the species Cx. camposi and Cx. bonnei. A total of 10 partial sequences of the CoxI gene corresponding to these two species were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences of Cx. camposi formed the same monophyletic clade with sequences from species of the Coronator complex, in addition to presenting a divergence of less than 2%, while Cx. bonnei, formed in a monophyletic clade, with > 2% divergence with sequences from other species corresponding to the subgenus Carrollia. This study underscores the importance of continued efforts to study the diversity and distribution of mosquitoes in Peru, including their potential role as vectors of human pathogens, to underpin effective disease control and prevention strategies.
Filamentous Fungus-Produced Human Monoclonal Antibody Provides SARS-CoV-2 Protection in Hamster and Non-Human Primate Models
Authors: Kaiser Franziska , Hernandez Mariana Gonzalez , Krüger Nadine , Englund Ellinor , Du Wenjuan , Mykytyn Anna , Raadsen Mathijs , Lamers Mart , Ianiski Francine Rodrigues , Shamorkina Tatiana , Snijder Joost , Armando Federico , Beythien Georg , Ciurkiewicz Malgorzata , Schreiner Tom , Gruber-Dujardin Eva Eva , Bleyer Martina , Batura Olga , Erffmeier Lena , Hinkel Rabea , Rocha Cheila , Mirolo Monica , Drabek Dubravka , Bosch Berend-Jan , Emalfarb Mark , Valbuena Noelia , Tchele Ronen , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Saloheimo Markku , Pöhlmann Stefan , Grosveld Frank , Haagmans Bart , Osterhaus Albert
Published: June 2023

Monoclonal antibodies are an increasingly important tool for prophylaxis and treatment of acute virus infections like those with SARS-CoV-2. However, their use is largely limited by the length of development, yield and high production costs, as well as the need for continuous adaptation to newly emerging virus variants. Here we have used the filamentous fungus expression system Thermothelomyces heterothallica(C1), which has a natural high biosynthesis capacity for secretory enzymes and other proteins further enhanced by genetic engineering of the wild-type fungus, to produce a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody (HuMab 87G7) that neutralises SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Like its mammalian cell produced equivalent, C1 produced HuMab 87G7 broadly neutralised SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in vitro and it also provided protection against Omicron and Delta VOCs in both hamsters and non-human primates, respectively. The only notable difference between the two versions was their N-linked glycosylation patterns detected by glyoproteomic analysis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate potential of the C1 expression system as a promising technology platform for the development of HuMabs in preventive and therapeutic medicine.
Risk factors for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia: a matched case-control study
Authors: Roto Suoma , Nupponen Irmeli , Kalliala Ilkka , Kaijomaa Marja
Published: June 2023

Background
Peripartum asphyxia is one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In moderate and severe cases of asphyxia, a condition called hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and associated permanent neurological morbidities may follow. Due to the multifactorial etiology of asphyxia, it may be difficult prevent, but in term neonates, therapeutic cooling can be used to prevent or reduce permanent brain damage. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of different antenatal and delivery related risk factors for peripartum asphyxia, associated HIE and the need for therapeutic hypothermia.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study in Helsinki University area hospitals during 2013–2017. Newborn singletons with moderate or severe HIE and the need for therapeutic hypothermia were included. Study cases were identified from the hospital database using ICD-codes P91.00, P91.01 and P91.02. For every newborn with the need for therapeutic hypothermia the consecutive term singleton newborn matched by gender, fetal presentation, delivery hospital, and the mode of delivery was selected as a control. Odds ratios (OR) between obstetric and delivery risk factors and the development of HIE were calculated.
Results
Eighty-eight cases with matched controls met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Maternal and infant characteristics among cases and controls were similar, but smoking was more common among cases (aOR 1.46, CI 1.14–1.64, p = 0.003). The incidence of preeclampsia, diabetes and intrauterine growth restriction in groups was equal. Induction of labour (aOR 3.08, CI 1.18–8.05, p = 0.02) and obstetric emergencies (aOR 3.51, CI 1.28–9.60, p = 0.015) were more common in the case group. No difference was detected in the duration of the second stage of labour or the delivery analgesia.
Conclusions
Smoking, induction of labour and obstetric emergencies, especially shoulder dystocia, increase the risk for HIE and need for therapeutic hypothermia. The decisions upon induction of labour need to be carefully weighed, since maternal smoking and obstetric emergencies can hardly be controlled by the clinician.
A systematic review of inherited retinal dystrophies in Pakistan: Updates from 1999 to April 2023
Authors: Munir Asad , Afsar Salma , Rehman Atta Ur
Published: June 2023

Background Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a group of rare genetic conditions affecting retina of the eye that range in prevalence from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 4000 people globally. This review is based on a retrospective analysis of research articles reporting IRDs associated genetic findings in Pakistani families between 1999 and April 2023. Methods Articles were retrieved through survey of online sources, notably, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Following a stringent selection criterion, a total 126 research articles and conference abstracts were considered. All reported variants were cross-checked and validated for their correct genomic nomenclature using different online resources/databases, and their pathogenicity scores were explained as per ACMG guidelines. Results A total of 359 sequence variants in 89 distinct genes, previously known to cause IRDs, were uncovered. In around 70% cases, parents of the index patient were consanguineously married, and approximately 90% of the detected variants were found in a homozygous state. Overall, more than 95% of the IRDs cases were recessively inherited. Missense variants were predominant (43%), followed by frameshift (26%), nonsense (18.7%), splice site (12%) and synonymous change (< 1%). Non-syndromic IRDs were significantly higher than syndromic IRDs (77% vs. 23%). Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was the most frequently observed IRD followed by Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA). Altogether, mutations inPDE6Agene was the leading cause of IRDs in Pakistani families followed by mutations inTULP1gene. Conclusion In summary, Pakistani families are notable in expressing recessively inherited monogenic disorders including IRDs likely due to the highest prevalence of consanguinity in the country that leads to expression of pathogenic variants in homozygous state.
The art of childbirth in the midwife of al-Andalus: social assessment, legal implication and health assistance in the cultural diversity of the 10th-14th centuries
Authors: Espina-Jerez Blanca , Aguiar-Frías Ana María , Siles-González José , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario
Published: June 2023

Background
The women of al-Andalus were the result of Arabization and Islamization in Spain. In the 10th-14th centuries, there was great cultural diversity in the territory. The historiography of Andalusian women is very recent. The figures of woman physician and midwife existed for female care and performed various functions. Existing studies do not address care in a focused manner, including the professionalization of the trade, requirements, intervention areas, treatments, among others.
Objective
To analyse the care provided by Andalusian midwives, justifying the importance of their role and profession in the diversity of the Andalusian community during the 10th-14th centuries.
Methods
A scoping review was conducted following the Dialectical Structural Model of Care (DSMC). Six thematic blocks were established, and a database search was conducted for the period 2013–2022. Primary medical and legislative sources were used.
Results
Two types of midwife or qābila were found, one professional and the other an experienced elderly woman. There was also the woman physician or ṭabība who acted as a midwife. All had different training and attended as obstetricians and paediatricians. They were highly valued socially and were the only female professions that required qualified training. Exceptionally, names of known care providers were presented. They performed their legal function exceptionally in the courts, with various activities related to the care framework. They assisted in gestation, childbirth, and the postpartum period for the woman and the newborn, and worked with the wet nurse. In their work, tools to facilitate childbirth and medication for this and other female intervention circumstances were found. They participated in postpartum rituals, and their interventions were accompanied by a folk framework. Remedies for fertility, contraception, and abortion were also found.
Conclusions
There was great inequality inherent in patriarchal societies in academic training, knowledge transmission, and care. Midwives worked in a segregated domestic space and also in the legal area. They moved without restrictions in public spaces to reach another woman's home and meet a care need. With this, they safeguarded the rules of sexual segregation and female limits. They acted as public care providers for the community diversity of the 10th-14th centuries.
Emergence of Urban Heat Traps from the Intersection of Human Mobility and Heat Hazard Exposure in Cities
Authors: Huang Xinke , Mostafavi Ali , Jiang Yuqin
Published: June 2023

Understanding the relationship between spatial structures of cities and environmental hazard exposures (such as urban heat) is essential for urban health and sustainability planning. However, a critical knowledge gap exists in terms of the extent to which socio-spatial networks shaped by human mobility exacerbate or alleviate urban heat exposures of populations in cities. In this study, we utilize location-based data to construct human mobility networks in twenty metropolitan areas in the U.S. The human mobility networks are analyzed in conjunction with the urban heat characteristics of spatial areas. We identify areas with high and low urban heat exposure and evaluate visitation patterns of populations residing in high and low urban heat areas to other spatial areas with similar and dissimilar urban heat exposure. The results reveal the presence of urban heat traps in the majority of the studied metropolitan areas in which populations residing in high heat exposure areas primarily visit areas with high heat exposure. The results also show a small percentage of human mobility to produce urban heat escalate (visitations from low heat areas to high heat areas) and heat escapes (movements from high heat areas to low heat areas). The findings from this study provide a better understanding of urban heat exposure in cities based on patterns of human mobility. These finding contribute to a broader understanding of the intersection of human network dynamics and environmental hazard exposures in cities to inform more integrated urban design and planning to promote health and sustainability.
Re-irradiation of In- or Out-of-PTV Esophageal Recurrence after Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ming , Chen Yun , Liu Qi , Han Xu , Huang Zike , Sun Lining , Fan Min , Lai Songtao , Wu Kailiang , Zhu Zhengfei , Yang Huanjun , Ai Dashan , Zhu Hongcheng , Deng Jiaying , Su Fengtao , Zhao Kuaile
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE
To compare the clinical characteristics, toxicity and efficacy of re-irradiation between locoregional esophageal recurrence within and outside the initial PTV (Planning target volume) after definitive chemoradiotherapy for ESCC (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients receiving re-irradiation for esophageal recurrence three months after definitive chemoradiotherapy for ESCC were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into in- and out-of-PTV recurrence groups depending on the recurrent lesion center within or outside the initial PTV. The clinical characteristics, toxicities and efficacy of re-irradiation were compared between these two groups.
RESULTS
116 eligible patients from June 2009 to October 2019 were analyzed with 68 patients in the in-PTV group and 48 in the out-of-PTV group. The median initial radiation dose was 61.2 Gy in both groups. 39 patients (57.4%) in the in-PTV group and 28 patients (58.3%) in the out-of-PTV group received chemoradiotherapy in salvage treatment, while the others received re-irradiation only. The median re-irradiation doses were 50.4 Gy and 60 Gy in the in- and out-of-PTV groups, respectively. The median survival times were 9.9 months and 31.8 months in the in-PTV and out-of-PTV groups (P < 0.001), respectively, with 2-year local control rates 10.7% and 56.9% (P < 0.001). The rates of esophageal perforation in the in-PTV and out-of-PTV groups were 8.8% and 4.2% during or after re-irradiation, respectively, with esophageal hemorrhage (≥ grade 3) 11.8% and 0%.
CONCLUSION
Patients with out-of-PTV esophageal recurrence are different from in-PTV recurrence with the better safety, radiosensitivity and efficacy of re-irradiation after definitive chemoradiotherapy.
Revitalizing Strong Cultural Connections and Resilience: Co-Designing a Pilot Elder-Led Mentorship Program for Indigenous Mothers in a Remote Northern Community in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kayla M , Montesanti Stephanie , Verstraeten Barbara S.E , Tourangeau Beverly , Albert Lorraine , Oster Richard T
Published: June 2023

Background:Connection to traditional knowledge and culture is important for promoting Indigenous parental well-being and fostering healthy environments for child development. Historical and modern injustices have resulted in a loss of culture, language, identity, spiritual and traditional practices in birth and parenting for many Indigenous peoples across the globe. Community Elders in a remote northern community in Alberta, Canada, and researcher allies collaborated to design a pilot Elders Mentoring Program to support Indigenous mothers(-to-be) and bring back cultural traditions, teachings and Indigenous knowledge on motherhood.Methods:Community-based participatory research principles guided all aspects of the research partnership. Elders and researchers organized 12 workshops with Indigenous mothers(-to-be) centred on traditional activities including beading, sewing, and medicine picking in conjunction with traditional knowledge transfer and cultural teachings from Elders on aspects of well-being. An explanatory mixed methods study design was used for this project. Quantitative data was collected from surveys completed by the mothers (n=9) at the start of the program about perinatal and postpartum health experience, determinants of care needs, and aspects of resilience of Indigenous mothers. To capture the Elders and mothers’ experiences from their participation in the project, qualitative data was collected using a sharing circle with Elders and individual debrief conversations with mothers. Survey responses were analysed descriptively and sharing circles and debrief conversations were analysed using thematic content analysis.Results:Survey results showed limited availability of services, transportation and access to childcare as factors determining access and utilisation of perinatal and postpartum services and programs. Four themes emerged from qualitative data analysis: (1) the meaningful role of Elder mentorship for Indigenous mothers(-to-be); (2) weekly workshops provided a safe space to share and develop peer-to-peer relationships; (3) passing on of traditional stories and skills during participation in cultural activities fostered positive coping and self-esteem among the Elders and mothers; (4) Elder-led workshops encouraged culture and language revitalization and passing on of tradition to younger generations. The project was positively perceived by Elders and mothers who participated.Conclusions:The findings demonstrated that Elder-led cultural workshops promoted cultural connectedness and enhanced resilience for mothers(-to-be) in a remote northern Indigenous community.
Genomic and epigenomic insights into the mechanism of cold response in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Wang Junduo , Liang Yajun , Gong Zhaolong , Zheng Juyun , Li Zhiqiang , Zhou Guohui , Li Xueyuan , Xu Yuhui
Published: June 2023

Functional genome research, including gene transcriptional and posttranslational modifications of histones, can benefit greatly from a high-quality genome assembly. Histone modification plays a significant role in modulating the responses to abiotic stress in plants. However, there are limited reports on the involvement of dynamic changes in histone modification in cold stress response in cotton. In this study, the genome of an elite accession, YM11, with considerable cold stress resistance was de novo assembled, which yielded a genome of 2343.06 Mb with a contig N50 of 88.96 Mb, and a total of 73,821 protein-coding gene models were annotated. Comparisons among YM11 and five Gossypium allopolyploid cotton assemblies highlighted a large amount of structural variations and presence/absence variations. We analyzed transcriptome and metabolome changes in YM11 seedlings subjected to cold stress. Using the CUT&Tag method, genome-wide H3K3me3 and H3K9ac modification patterns and effect of histone changes on gene expression were profiled during cold stress. Significant and consistently changing histone modifications and the gene expressions were screened, of which transcription factors (TFs) were highlighted. Our results suggest a positive correlation between the changes in H3K4me3, H3K9ac modifications and cold stress-responsive gene activation. This genome assembly and comprehensive analysis of genome-wide histone modifications and gene expression provide insights into the genomic variation and epigenetic responses to cold stress in upland cotton.
Surface Modification of Biomass and Enhancing Sorption Capacity of Azo-dyes
Authors: PATIL JAGADISH H , Kusanur Raviraj , Jain Pulkit , R Abhishek , Nagar Manav
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of citric acid modified biomasses Rice Husk (RH) and Water Hyacinth (WH) in removing Congo Red (CR) dye from its aqueous solution was studied. The modified biosorbents were characterized using FTIR and SEM. The optimum conditions of parameters- pH, adsorption time and adsorbent dosage, were evaluated using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to maximize dye removal. For WH the optimum removal was 91.4% in time 22.649 minutes, at pH of 2.0 and adsorbent dosage of 0.198 g for 20mL of dye, which was obtained with a regression coefficient R2 value of 0. 9905. Whereas for RH the optimum was 88.204% removal in 34.048 minutes, at pH of 2.0 and adsorbent dosage of 0.189 g in 20mL of dye with R2 value of 0.9828. The model of the mechanism of adsorption and the multi-factor interactions were arrived at through statistical modelling and testing of the adsorption equilibrium data. Overall, this research focuses on sustainable and effective methods for removing Congo Red dye from water using modified agricultural waste biomass.
Evaluating precipitation prediction skill for the Huanan pre- and post-rainy seasons in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts
Authors: Liu Yanan , Wu Qiong , Zhang Yizhi , Jiang Lujun
Published: June 2023

The rainy seasons in South China are divided into two phases according to the seasonal progression of the East Asian summer monsoon: the Huanan pre- and post-rainy seasons. The precipitation prediction skill for the two rainy seasons are investigated using subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) hindcast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for 2001–2019. The precipitation prediction skill and biases differ in the two rainy seasons, although some similar characteristics exist in regard to circulations and their influence on precipitation. During the two rainy seasons, the prediction skill of the circulation at 850 hPa in key areas is relatively high, and the circulation’s influence on precipitation is well captured; additionally, the relationship between the circulation in key areas at 500 hPa and precipitation is less accurately constrained. Moreover, the precipitation prediction skill in the prerainy season is higher than that in the post-rainy season. The main bias is that the 200 hPa westerly provides favorable divergence conditions for prerainy season precipitation (pre-precipitation), while the post-rainy season precipitation (post-precipitation) displays almost no correlation with the circulation in the reanalysis product; however, the simulated circulation at 200 hPa is both tightly connected to the precipitation in the two rainy seasons, so the lower prediction skill in the post-rainy season is likely associated with overestimation of the complex physical mechanism of the upper-level circulation in the model.
p53 modulates kinase inhibitor resistance and lineage plasticity in NF1-related MPNSTs
Authors: Grit Jamie , McGee Lauren , Tovar Elizabeth , Essenburg Curt , Wolfrum Emily , Beddows Ian , Williams Kaitlin , Sheridan Rachael , Schipper Josh , Arumugam Menusha , Woude Thomas Vander , Gurunathan Sharavana , Field Jeffrey , Wulfkuhle Julia , Petricoin Emanuel , Graveel Carrie , Adams Marie , Steensma Matthew
Published: June 2023

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are chemotherapy resistant sarcomas that are a leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Although NF1-related MPNSTs derive from neural crest cell origin, they also exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity. TP53 mutations are associated with significantly decreased survival in MPNSTs, however the mechanisms underlying TP53-mediated therapy responses are unclear in the context of NF1-deficiency. We evaluated the role of two commonly altered genes, MET and TP53, in kinome reprograming and cellular differentiation in preclinical MPNST mouse models. We previously showed that MET amplification occurs early in human MPNST progression and that Trp53 loss abrogated MET-addiction resulting in MET inhibitor resistance. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of therapy resistance whereby p53 alters MET stability, localization, and downstream signaling leading to kinome reprogramming and lineage plasticity. Trp53 loss also resulted in a shift from RAS/ERK to AKT signaling and enhanced sensitivity to MEK and mTOR inhibition. In response to MET, MEK and mTOR inhibition, we observed broad and heterogeneous activation of key differentiation genes in Trp53-deficient lines suggesting Trp53 loss also impacts lineage plasticity in MPNSTs. These results demonstrate the mechanisms by which p53 loss alters MET dependency and therapy resistance in MPNSTS through kinome reprogramming and phenotypic flexibility.
Boys Do Cry: Influences of Masculinity & Avoidant-Attachment Style on Post-Romantic Breakup Emotional Distress
Authors: Sherwood Morgen Joy , Kathuria Chirinjeev , Steele Howard
Published: June 2023

This investigation sought to explore the effects of gender and attachment style on intensity of emotional distress following a romantic breakup, and to challenge the substantiated notion that avoidant men experience significantly less emotional distress than all other people including avoidant women. Of 488 individuals who had previously disbanded from a romantic partner, the results of the study showed that avoidant men do not experience significantly less emotional distress than avoidant women. Gender does not have a significant effect on levels of emotional distress, even when participants share similar levels of anxiety and avoidance. Furthermore, results showed a significant positive correlation between anxious-attachment style and level of emotional distress. No such correlation was shown for attachment-avoidance. Discussion focuses on possible reasons for a newfound lack of gender difference among avoidantly-attached individuals, emotionality in relation to societal gender norms, and the role of attachment in romantic relationship breakups.
Exogenous Melatonin and Salicylic Acid Enhance the Drought Resistance of Hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus L.) by Regulating Photosynthesis and Antioxidant System
Authors: Yan Ruiyang , Liu Jinying , Zhang Shuyong , Guo jing
Published: June 2023

Drought is among the environmental stress factors that causes a decrease in plant productivity. A hot topic in abiotic stress physiology research is how to alleviate drought stress during plant growth. Exogenous substances have been observed to play a positive role in regulating plant responses to drought. Hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus L.) has high ornamental and medicinal value. However, there is a shortage of reports focused on exogenous substances that can alleviate stress caused by environmental factors in hibiscus. This study used 1-year-old H. syriacus var. ‘elegantissimus’ seedlings as experimental materials. We investigated the roles and physiological mechanisms of melatonin (MT) and salicylic acid (SA) on hibiscus during drought stress by observing plant growth status and photosynthetic physiological parameters. The results showed that compared with the treatment of only drought stress, exogenous MT and SA increased the chlorophyll content of plants, enhanced photosynthesis, alleviated photoinhibition, and protected the photosystem. On the other hand, exogenous MT and SA increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, POD-20, CAT, and APX-1) and improved their enzymatic activity. This reduced the ROS content and alleviated the drought-induced oxidative damage. In addition, MT and SA induced the expression of drought-responsive genes HsNCED and HsDBF1. In summary, Exogenous melatonin and salicylic acid can enhance drought resistance of hibiscus by regulating its photosynthetic system, antioxidant enzyme activity, and drought-related genes. The study results provide a crucial scientific basis and theoretical support for the cultivation management and subsequent care of hibiscus.
Relationship between magnetic properties and weathering in red soil profiles developed on weakly magnetic parent rock in the tropical and subtropical region of Yunnan, China
Authors: Li gangqiang , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Haixia , Yang Tao , Chen Yudong , Ren Erhui , Hu Jingyuan , Wang Yang
Published: June 2023

Magnetic studies of loess-paleosol sequences have shown that the magnetic properties of loess and its parent material is sensitive to weathering degree. However, the relationship between magnetic properties and weathering processes in red soils of southern China remains unclear due to the diversity of parent rocks and the influence of climate. This study focused on red soils developed on weakly magnetic sandstone, in tropical and subtropical regions of Yunnan, China. The principal element content, magnetic susceptibility, temperature-dependent susceptibility curve(ꭓ-T curves), hysteresis loop and Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) of the samples were determined, the weathering characteristics and magnetic properties of profile samples were analyzed, and their relationship was examined, as well as the impact of climate change on fine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals and magnetic properties. The results revealed that red soils developed on weakly magnetic sandstone exhibited significant correlations between three magnetic indices, low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf), frequency-dependent susceptibility (χfd),(χpost−pre + χd)/χpara, and the silica-sesquioxide ratio (SAF), indicating that these indices can be used to assess soil weathering. Additionally, this study proposed a new index based on the 1 < Log10Bh < 1.5 mT component obtained from decomposition of the IRM curve, which can also be used to assess soil weathering. The enhancement of magnetic properties in red soils along a single profile was found to be related to the increase in the content of fine-grained ferrimagnetic com-ponents controlled by weathering. Comparing the two climatic regions, it was found that in Yunnan, China, as the climate changes from subtropical humid to tropical humid, the weathering of the red soil profiles becomes stronger, and the fine-grained ferrimagnetic components increase, indirectly enhancing the magnetic properties of red soils.
Astragalus injection alters the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and affects the activity of CYP450 enzymes
Authors: Shi Wenjun , Liu Tian , Wang Kaihe , Mu Leixin , Ji Li , Li Yanling , Zhang Yi , Ma Qun
Published: June 2023

Background
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor antibiotic widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma and other malignant tumors. However, its clinical application is limited by the side effects and drug resistance. Astragalus injection has been combined with DOX in the treatment of cancer, which can improve the curative effect and reduce drug resistance. This study investigated the interaction between DOX and Astragalus injection and elucidated the potential mechanism.
Methods
The pharmacokinetics of DOX injection (7 mg/kg) with or without Astragalus injection (4.25 mL/kg/day for 14 days) were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6) by UPLC-MS/MS. The group without the Astragalus injection was set as the control group. Additionally, Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes incubation systems were employed to assess the effects of Astragalus injection on CYP450 enzymes.
Results
Astragalus injection significantly increased the Cmax (2090.01 ± 99.60 vs. 5262.77 ± 111.15 ng/mL) and AUC0-t (1190.23 ± 104.43 vs. 3777.27 ± 130.55 µg/L × h) and prolonged the t1/2α (0.09 ± 0.02 vs. 0.14 ± 0.04 h) of DOX. Astragalus injection significantly inhibited the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, and enhanced the activity of CYP2D1 with a metabolic elimination rate of 30.11 ± 2.67% vs 19.66 ± 3.41%, 35.95 ± 2.57% vs 23.26 ± 3.57%, 13.43 ± 2.56% vs 9.06 ± 2.51%, 47.90 ± 6.30% vs 25.87 ± 2.55%, 17.62 ± 1.49% vs 24.12 ± 2.91%, respectively (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The co-administration of DOX and Astragalus injection alters the system exposure of DOX, possibly by affecting the metabolism of DOX by affecting the activity of CYP450 enzymes. Further clinical studies could be carried out according to the investigation.
Litter decomposition and nutrient release are faster under secondary forests than under Chinese fir plantations with forest development
Authors: Li Shuaijun , Xu Zijun , Yu Zaipeng , Fu Yanrong , Su Xiangping , Zou Bingzhang , Wang Sirong , Huang Zhiqun , Wan Xiaohua
Published: June 2023

In terrestrial ecosystems, leaf litter is the main source of nutrients returning to the soil. Understanding how litter decomposition responds to stand age is critical for improving predictions of the effects of forest age structure on nutrient availability and cycling in ecosystems. However, the changes in this critical process with stand age remain poorly understood due to the complexity and diversity of litter decomposition patterns and drivers among different stand ages. In this study, we examined the effects of stand age on litter decomposition with two well-replicated age sequences of naturally occurring secondary forests and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations in southern China. Our results showed that the litter decomposition rates in the secondary forests were significantly higher than those in the Chinese fir plantations of the same age, except for 40-year-old forests. The litter decomposition rate of the Chinese fir initially increased and then decreased with stand age, while that of secondary forests gradually decreased. The results of a structural equation model indicated that stand age, litter quality and microbial community were the primary factors driving nutrient litter loss. Overall, these findings are helpful for understanding the effects of stand age on the litter decomposition process and nutrient cycling in plantation and secondary forest ecosystems.
Women are Prone to Age-Related aortic Stiffness
Authors: meng zixuan , Cheng lele , Liu wenjun , Yu yue , Liu hui , Yao guolin , Yang jian , Wu yue , Jian Zhijie
Published: June 2023

Background
The morphology of the aorta changes with age, our study aims to investigate sex differences in the aortic aging by analyzing aortic diameter and tortuosity in different segments of aorta across the age spectrum, using enhanced CT imaging.
Methods
Between July 2021 and April 2022, a retrospective study screened patients with chest and abdomen contrast CT images. The outer edge-to-outer edge method was utilized to measure aortic diameters at five aortic levels, while arterial tortuosity of various segments was measured and calculated using imaging software. Mean values were compared at different age groups, including by sex, and correlation with age was determined. To validate the coherence of arterial elasticity and anticipated age-related arterial alterations, a subset of data from a previously published article in BMJ Open was extracted for the purpose of examining the correlation between age and arterial stiffness, stratified by sexes.
Results
208 participants (56.6% men, mean age 60.13±16.33 years old, mean BMI 23.07±4.03 kg/m2, mean BSA 1.70±0.19 m2) were enrolled in this study. The BSA-adjusted aortic diameters showed a positive correlation with age in both sexes, but females demonstrated a more rapid increase in progressive aortic diameters throughout their lifespan than males. In the age groups of 60-69 and above 80 years old, males exhibited significantly larger L1 measurements than females. Conversely, in individuals over 80 years old, females displayed greater L3 values compared to their male counterparts. However, no sexual disparities were observed for L2, L4 and L5 across all ages. Females exhibited greater aortic tortuosity in the descending thoracic region compared to males across all age groups, whereas this sex-based distribution of aortic and abdominal tortuosity was only evident among individuals over 40 years old. The tortuosity of the aorta and descending thoracic aorta exhibits a marked increase with advancing age, particularly in females, while a non-significant linear correlation is observed between abdominal aortic tortuosity and age in both genders. BaPWV consistently increased with age in both males and females, but the increase was more significant in females. Although males initially had higher arterial stiffness, females surpassed them as they aged.
Conclusions
Patterns of vascular aging in aortic morphology differ between the sexes across the life course, with women experiencing more significant changes, especially in advanced age groups.