bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Nano-ZnO Coated Food Packaging Film and its Inhibitory Effect on Escherichia coli In Vitro and in Actual Tests
Authors: Li Wei Li , Li Xi Hong , Zhang Pei Pei , Xing Ya Ge
Published: November 2010

In this study, we investigated antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles coated on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films against Escherichia. coli both in vitro and in actual test. Results showed that the nano-ZnO coated films displayed excellent inhibition effects on the growth of E. coli and the nano-ZnO particular was contributed to the bactericidal ability. The more amounts of the ZnO particulars the film coated, the greater inhibitory effect it exhibited. The disinfection efficiency with ZnO film is relatively constant at pH values in the range of 4.5 to 8.0. In the actual test, the number of E. coli cells from cut apple stored in a ZnO-coated bag in the dark decreased from 8.72 to 6.3 log CFU/ml after 1 day, while that of an same bag irradiated with light decreased from 8.72 to 3.5 log CFU/ml after 2 days of storage. The results reveal that nano-ZnO coated film has a good promise to make antimicrobial packaging again E. coli and reduce the risks of microbial growth on fresh-cut produce.
The Effect of Formulation Variables on the Encapsulation Efficiency and SO2-Release Behavior of Microparticles Containing Sulphite
Authors: Xing Ya Ge , Yun Juan , Li Xi Hong , Xu Qing Lian , Li Wei Li
Published: November 2010

The water-soluble sulphite was encapsulated using ethylcellulose phase separation. The effect of different process factors in the phase separation process on the encapsulation efficiency and the release profile of SO2 from the microparticles were evaluated. The results showed that the SO2 release from the microparticles containing sulphite was affected by the relative humidity in the microenvironment.
Analysis of Failure of 316L Heat Exchanger in a Producing Glycine Process Using Hydantoin Method
Authors: Xiao Kui , Wei Dan , Zhang Xin , Cheng Xue Qun , Wu Jun Sheng , Li Xiao Gang
Published: November 2010

In this work, analysis was performed to investigate the reasons resulting in corrosion of 316L of heat exchanger tube in the producing glycine process. Results demonstrated that corrosion of 316L is attributed to intergranular corrosion of nonsensitized. Intergranular corrosion of nonsensitized occurs of 316L, the elements of Si, Ni, Mo are clustering, and the carbon oxide increases corrosion.
Simulation Experiment Research on the FRP Bolt under Eccentric Load
Authors: Li Ying Ming
Published: November 2010

FRP bolt is ideal material used for coal rib supporting. For some reasons, the FRP bolt is often affected by eccentric load which is very worse to bolt by theory analysis. It is first time to simulate FRP bolt under eccentric load with experiment method and design eccentric load experiment. Compared with general load, experiment results show the maximum anti-drawing force and elongation feature have a big dip under eccentric load.
Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyl-Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer Graft Polyether-Based Aliphatic Polyurethane Elastomer
Authors: Qiang Tao Tao , Wang Xue Chuan , Lu Xian Bo , Ren Long Fang
Published: November 2010

Hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyurethane elastomer (HBPU) was synthesized by graft copolymerization of hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) polyols(HPAE) and polyether-based aliphatic polyurethane prepolymer(PPU), and the PPU was synthesized by step polymerization of isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) with polyethylene glycol(PEG) and dibutyltin dilaurate(DBTDL) as catalyst. The FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA and XRD were used to characterize the structure, thermal properties and crystallinity of HBPU. The mechanical properties of the elastomers were conducted on a testing machine. Microphase separation of HBPU film surface was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results showed that the HBPU took on excellent hydrogen bonding and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of HBPU elastomer reached to 20.6MPa, which increased by 41.2 times than that of PPU elastomer. And the elongation at break was as high as 251.3%.
Forming Limit Diagram of Stainless Steel-Aluminum Alloy Clad
Authors: Liu Hong Wei , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2010

The forming limit diagram of clad was developed with Hill’s instability criterion and M–K analysis at the positive strain ratio. The relationships of forming limit with stain path, thickness ratio and thickness irregular coefficient were analyzed. The results show that the forming limit of clad material is between those of its component materials, and increase with the rising of stainless steel thickness ratio and the thickness irregular coefficient. The most suitable value of f0 is 0.094 and the stainless steel aluminum clad break with local interfacial cracks.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Al-25Mg Composites Processed by Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Wang Qing Ping , Wu Yu Cheng , Min Fan Fei
Published: November 2010

Fly ash particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy method. The influence of different fly ash content on hardness, the friction and wear behavior of the composites were investigated at a constant sliding velocity of 400r/min. The worn surfaces of composites were observed by scanning electron microscope, and worn mechanism of composites was discussed. The results showed that the hardness of composites increased first and then decreased with fly ash content increasing. Under the lower loads and at the lower fly ash content, the friction co-efficient is steadily lower than that of Al alloy matrix. The wear resistance of composites increased with the volume fraction of fly ash particles and the wear mechanism was characterized as abrasive wear and adhesive wear.On the other hand, the wear mechanisms in the composites have been transformed with increasing load and fly ash volume; it mainly was delamination wear and abrasive wear.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Anticorrosion of Soft Magnetic Alloy Fe81Cr17Si1.5TiBRe
Authors: Deng Hong Da , Liu Xiao Wei , Cao Xian Long , Zhao Mei Yu
Published: November 2010

In the present work, the resistances to corrosion of heat treated soft magnetic alloy Fe81Cr17Si1.5TiBRe and untreated one have been comparatively studied, which were tested in neutral salt spaying tester, in 50%vol. hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 100 , in humidity thermal oxidation tester, specially in simulating oilfield waters containing sulfide ion (S2-) and without S2-. Heat treatment was carried out at 1150 for 4 hours under the protection of hydrogen gas. The results show that heat-treatment affect the magnitude of grain of Fe-base soft magnetic alloy and distribution of inclusions in grain and in grain boundaries. Heat treatment enhances anti-corrosion properties, i.e. resistance to chlorine ion (Cl-) corrosion of the alloys, resistance to humidity thermal oxidation corrosion, oilfield water corrosion. The electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of the alloy in oilfield waters are not affected by heat treatment. In simulating oilfield water, the passivity property of the alloy is affected by S2- or HCO3-.
Preparation on Low-Temperature Resistance Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber Coat-Metal Sealing Gasket
Authors: Li Guan , Qiu Zu Min , Zhu Ai Bin , Liu Zhong Wei
Published: November 2010

The preparation method of low-temperature resistance nitrile-butadiene rubber coat-metal sealing gasket was introduced. The type and the dosage of curing agent, reinforcing agent and other additives were considered, the optimum technological factor was determined. Use of such nitrile-butadiene rubber coat-metal sealing gasket, its low temperature resistance and oil resistance were good enough for the seals which work at -40 -160 .
Study on Range of the Sampling Period of the Electro-Hydraulic Position Sampling Control System Based on PLC
Authors: Bian He Ying , Wang Yan Hui
Published: November 2010

The paper built electro-hydraulic position closed-loop sampling control system based on PLC, established mathematical model of this system by applying theory of sampling control and determines the range of the sampling period T under the stability of the system according to system stability theory. Then carried out simulation analysis and experimental verification in the range of T, provided with the method determined the range of sampling period. The results showed that simulation results of this model were consistent with the actual operation of the system , the method and sampling period be chosen have some practical significance.
Improved Computation Formula of Thermal Conductivity of Fibrous Porous Materials
Authors: Cui Peng , Wang Fu Mei , Liang Zhi Yong
Published: November 2010

For the complexity of convective term, the interior heat transfer is important for the engineering testing of heat conduction of fibrous porous materials. In this paper the heat transfer through the body of fibrous porous materials was simulated with finite volume method. By the simulation, it is found that the total heat flux through the body of fibrous porous materials is a linear function of the thermal conductivity when it is measured by the guarded plate, and some constants in the linear function are related with the thickness and permeability coefficient of the sample. The simulated data are employed to fitting the variation curves of the total heat flux with thermal conductivity, thickness and permeability coefficient, respectively. The improved calculating formula of thermal conductivity for fibrous porous materials is established based on the fitting estimation. Through the experimental, it is demonstrated that the improved calculating formula is more accurate than the original one, which is based on the assumptions of single component continuum material and one dimensional heat transfer.
The Operation Characteristics of Biohydrogen Production in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor with Molasses
Authors: Shu Zhan , Chen Hong , Di Xue Ying , Li Yong Feng
Published: November 2010

The feasibility and operation characteristics of anaerobic fermentation biohydrogen production in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were investigated for treating molasses wastewater. The research indicates that the reactor has the capacity of continuously producing hydrogen in an initial biomass (as volatile suspension solids) of 17.74 g/L, temperature of (35±1) °C, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, and the reactor can start up the ethanol-type fermentation in 12 days and realize stable hydrogen production. Furthermore, the CSTR reactor enjoys a favorable stability even with an organic shock loading. When the organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 8 kg/(m3•d) to 24 kg/(m3•d), the CSTR system reached a new steady state within 9 d. The hydrogen yield and COD removal increased from 3 L and 8% to 12 L and 20% respectively with the hydrogen content of 47 %.
Galvanneal Coating of Galvannealed Steel Sheet Fracture Research by Dynamic Tensility
Authors: Zhang Yan Wen , Wang Ji Hui , Chen Yu
Published: November 2010

Dynamic tensility experiment has been done to research Galvanneal coating fracture of Galvannealed steel sheet with in-situ SEM observation and Galvanneal coating Fracture has been analysed. It is been thongt that desquamation takes place at the interface of substrate /Γ phase. The Fracture of Γ phase is serrated and its thickness is hundreds of nano-metres. The Fracture shape of Γ phase is different from other phases of of the galvanneal coating.
Precipitate Structure in an Alumina Dispersion-Strengthened Copper Base Composite Layer
Authors: Tian Bao Hong , Chen Xiao Hong , Zhang Yi , Liu Yong
Published: November 2010

A dilute copper alloy of Cu-0.45wt%Al -0.066wt %Y was selected to fabricate nanometer size Al2O3 particles dispersion-hardened composite layer by using aluminizing-internal oxidation technique. The structure and size of the precipitate, interface structure, lattice parameter mismatch and morphology were investigated by means of high resolution transmission electron microscope, analytical transmission electron microscope and image processing by VEC software. Results show that two different size and structure nano-alumina precipitate were identified as α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 respectively during different processing. The precipitates possess semi-coherence or coherence interface structure to matrix with typical loop-loop contrast. The cubic γ-Al2O3 precipitate in certain crystal plane and direction parallel to the matrix。
Studies on a New Type of Crosslinked Polyacrylamide Bentonite Composite
Authors: Liu Xue Gui , Liu Chang Feng , Shao Hong , Wang En De
Published: November 2010

In this paper, a peroxide-tertiary amine oxidation-reduction initiator system was used to synthesize a cross-linked polyacrylamide/bentonite composite at room temperature. The composite could contain up to 50% bentonite. Performance studies showed that the salt tolerance of the composite was enhanced compared to bentonite. The structure of the composite was characterized and analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and TG. Other than a slight increase in the interlamellar spacing, the structure of bentonite did not change during its aggregation. The composite therefore had enhanced dispersion properties and improved thermal stability.
Effects of Calcining Conditions on the Structures of Co-Doped VO2(M) Nanopowders
Authors: Bi Ai Hong , Zhu Jin Hua
Published: November 2010

W and Mo co-doped VO2(M) nanopowders were synthesized by thermal decomposition via two-step method using oxalic acid as reduction acid, vanadium pentoxide as vanadium source, ammonium tungstate and ammonium molybdates as doped sources. The effects of the calcining temperatures and calcining times on the intensities of the diffraction peaks, the grain size and lattice parameters were investigated by means of XRD.
Photoluminescence and Structural Characteristics of SnO2 Nanopetals Synthesized by Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Wang Bing , Li Ling
Published: November 2010

A new nanostructure, (2D) nanopetal of SnO2, has been grown on single silicon substrates by Au-Ag alloying catalyst assisted carbothermal evaporation of SnO2. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman are employed to identify the morphology and structure of the synthesized productions. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) is used to characterize the luminescence of SnO2 nanostructure. Three new peaks at 356, 450 and 489 nm in the measured photoluminescence spectra are observed, implying that more luminescence centers exist in SnO2 nanopetals due to nanocrystals and defects. The growth of the SnO2 nanopetals is discussed on the basis of the self-catalyst mechanism.
Characteristics of Biohydrogen Production by Ethanoligenens Sp. R3 Isolated from Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Jiao An Ying , Li Yong Feng , Liu Bing , Liu Kun , Xu Jing Li
Published: November 2010

Ethanoligenens sp. R3 isolated from anaerobic sludge in a continuous stirred tank reactor was investigated for its characteristics of fermentative hydrogen production in this study. Effects of initial pH value, fermentation temperature and proportion of carbon/nitrogen source on hydrogen production were investigated in batch experiments. The typical substrate for hydrogen production of glucose and peptone were used as the carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively. The results show that the maximum hydrogen production yield of 834 mlH2/L culture was obtained with initial pH value of 5.5 and fermentation temperature at 35°C. In addition, the maximum average hydrogen production rate of 10.87mmolH2/g cell dry weighth was achieved at the carbon/nitrogen source ratio of 3.3. The degradation efficiency of the glucose used as the carbon source ranged from 91.5% to 95.43% during the conversion of glucose to hydrogen by bacteria Ethanoligenens sp. R3.
Beneficial Use of Fly Ash in Concrete Incorporating PCA
Authors: Jiang Ya Qing , Yu Jia , Xia Qian Feng
Published: November 2010

Dispersion mechanism of polycarboxylate type admixture (PCA) in high volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete was studied by testing fluidity of cement paste, zeta potential of cement grains, the adsorbed amount of PCA on surfaces of cement grains and degree of hydration was quantified by loss on ignition measurements. Properties of HVFA concrete were experimentally validated, and microstructure of HVFA concrete was observed by SEM. Experimental results indicated that a combination of PCAs with long and short backbones may enhance the fluidity and fluidity retention of cement pastes. Fly ash has the ability to compensate electrostatic repulsion of PCA by promoting adsorption-dispersion of PCA to cement minerals and making zeta potential of cement grains more negative. HVFA concrete incorporating combined PCA has excellent workability and appropriate strength. Microstructure of HVFA self-compacting concrete is denser for the modified homogeneous of concrete and a higher degree of hydration of cement achieved in the presence of PCA and fly ash. So combined polycarboxylate based admixture is absolutely necessary for producing high volume fly ash concrete with better workability and durability.
Research on Eccentricity Magnification Factor of Eccentric Compression Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Member
Authors: Yun Ying Wei , Liu Xiao Hong , Jang Ii Young , Kim Seong Kyum
Published: November 2010

In view of the drawbacks of eccentricity magnification factor formula in current lightweight aggregate concrete code in practice, in this research, according to whole-process theoretical analysis and considering second order moment, sectional curvature, lateral deflection and corresponding eccentricity magnification factor at control section for circular cross-section eccentric compression member under different end moment are derived. By comparing them with experimental results, eccentricity magnification factor calculated in this research are demonstrated to be feasible and reliable, which can provide beneficial reference for structural design in practice.
Damage Progress Simulation in Unidirectional Composites by Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM)
Authors: Wang Huai Wen , Qin Qing Hua , Zhou Hong Wei , Miao Hui
Published: November 2010

Damage initiation and propagation in unidirectional glass fibre reinforced epoxy matrix composites under tension load were simulated in this study. Cell models with either single fibre or multiple fibres were modelled by extended finite element method (XFEM). The damage progress in the cells was investigated and then the nominal stress-strain curves as well as stress distributions in the fibre and matrix were obtained. Results presented here indicate that the extended finite element method is an effective modelling technique to study the initiation and propagation of a crack along an arbitrary, mesh-independent, solution-dependent path.
Research of Environmental Factors of Aluminum Alloys Atmospheric Corrosion Based on Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Mu Zhi Tao , Su Wei Guo , Chen Wei Jun
Published: November 2010

Grey relational method is a data process method used to sort out the correlation extent of influence factors in a system with uncertain information. In this paper, it is applied to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on Atmospheric corrosion of Aluminum alloys and find out the main factors. Analysis results indicate that the influence order of the meteorological factors in atmospheric corrosion exposing for one year, three years, six years and ten years is always the same: Fog﹥RH﹥Humidity over 80%﹥Rain﹥T﹥Precipitation﹥Dew. But for pollutant factors, the sorted result is changeable at different exposure time. The effect of , is obvious all the time, and plays an important role in the initial stage of corrosion, yet is turned to be the dominant factor with increase of the exposure time.
Genetic-Fuzzy Optimal Design of Straw Crusher Based on Full-Feeding Combine Harvesters
Authors: Chen Li Qing , Zhang Jia Qi , Wang Ji Xian
Published: November 2010

In recent years, with the full-feeding type of the straw chopping device combines the development has been widespread concern and research. The paper designed a straw crusher device and fuzzy genetic optimization design. Firstly, straw crusher device math model was build; secondly, The cutter shaft in the working device axis diameter, internal diameter was set variables; thirdly, combined with the GA and fuzzy optimum design method, straw crusher optimization design model was set up with straw crusher working device quality of the lightest for the objective function. Lastly, Optimization obtained satisfactory operating parameters, and provides a reference in the design of agricultural machinery.
Adsorption of Phthalate Esters (PAEs) from Aqueous Solution onto Activated Carbons from Softstem Bulrush
Authors: Xie Hui Jun , Ma Qiang , Tan Wei , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2010

Removal of Phthalate Easters (PAEs) by softstem bulrush carbon (SBC) in aqueous solution was studied. In this work, the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage (0.8-2.8g), and initial DMP concentration (20-100 mg/L) on the adsorption system were investigated. It turned out that the effective pH was 7.0 and the optimum adsorbent dose was 2.0 g/L. Equilibrium experimental data at 283, 293 and 308 K were better represented by Freundlich isotherm than Langmuir isotherm. In addition, adsorption kinetics was determined using pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model. The results indicated that the adsorption of DMP onto SBC followed pseudo-second-order model.
Thermal Shock Stability of Large Size ZrB2 Ceramic Matrix Composite Material
Authors: Liu Bao Liang , Yan Long Hai
Published: November 2010

Thermal shock stability for ZrB2-SiCp-Graphite(ZSC) and ZrB2-SiCp-AlN (ZSA) was investigated by water quenching test. It indicated that ZSC may provide more stable thermal shock properties. As shown by SEM of ZSA, surface cracks appeared after it was cooled from 1200 , due to thermal shock instability of the material. Residual flexural strength of ZSA was improved by crack healing after it was cooled from 1450 . However, no surface crack appeared for ZSC after water quenching test. It provided a potential method for improving thermal shock stability of zirconium diboride ceramic matrix composites by introducing proper quantities of graphite.
Study on Microstructure Characterization of Al-N Codoping ZnO Films and Doping Mechanism
Authors: Xu Ying , Juan Wang , Dou Yu Bo
Published: November 2010

Al-N codoped ZnO thin films were prepared by sol-gel method, which microstructure were characterized by AFM and XPS, on the basis of the result, doping mechanism of Al-N co-doped thin film is: the formation of the first occurrence of Al was replacing doping system of Zn, and it is conducive for N element in the system to the solution along with the increasing of Al doping concentration.
Steam Reforming of Simulated Coke Oven Gas over Ni/Al2O3-MgO Catalysts for Syngas Production
Authors: Cheng Hong Wei , Lu Xiong Gang , Ding Wei Zhong
Published: November 2010

The steam reforming of simulated coke oven gas (COG) with toluene as a model tar compound for syngas production was investigated over Ni/Al2O3-MgO catalysts. XRD results showed that the catalysts with high calcination temperature and Al2O3 content after calcination formed (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 spinel and Ni-Mg-O solid solution structure. At optimized reaction conditions, toluene and CH4 can be completely converted, while a H2 yield of 71.8% and a CO yield of 76.1% have been achieved at 800 oC. The catalysts with appropriate calcination temperature and Al2O3 content showed better catalytic activity and resistance to coking, which will be promising catalysts in the catalytic reforming of COG.
The Application of Calcium Sulfate Whisker in Styrene-Acrylic Emulsions
Authors: Liu Hong Bo , Wang Ji Hu , Wen Shao Guo , Yu Chen
Published: November 2010

The styrene-acrylic emulsions were prepared by copolymerization of styrene, acrylic acid and n-butyl acrylate; coatings were achieved by adding calcium sulfate whiskers and titanium dioxides at the presence of dispersing agents and rheological additives. The physical and mechanical properties as well as contact angles of coating films formed on tinplate were characterized in detail. The pencil hardness was slightly decreased; the contact angle was greatly decreased from 69.8o to 12oby adding the calcium sulfate to indicate the hydrophilic coating films may have self-cleaning properties.
Preparation and Investigation of Hydrophobic Mesoporous Silica Films
Authors: Cao Yu Juan , Wu Zhao Feng
Published: November 2010

A novel route to prepare hydrophobic mesoporous SiO2 films is reported in this paper. A two step process involving tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template prepared SiO2 sol catalyzed by hydrochloric acid. The films are prepared by dip-coating process. It has been found that the films have low dielectric constant and good mechanical properties. Preliminary results present a very positive prospective for intermetal dielectric applications.
Catalytic Reforming of Model Tar Compounds from Hot Coke Oven Gas for Light Fuel Gases Production over Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Cheng Hong Wei , Lu Xiong Gang , Hu Da Hai , Ding Wei Zhong
Published: November 2010

The catalytic reforming of toluene was performed to investigate the possibility for directly converting tar components from hot coke oven gas (COG) with lower steam/carbon (S/C) molar ratio to light fuel gases. The Ni0.25Me0.25/Mg2.5(Al)O (Me=Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) bimetallic catalysts derived from hydrotalcite showed excellent catalytic activity. The effects of various reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were investigated in detail. Toluene could be completely converted into small gas molecules of CH4, CO and CO2 over the catalyst at S/C=0.7 and 650-750 oC under atmospheric pressure. Lower reaction temperature and higher H2 content in feed gas both could promote the formation of CH4, while higher S/C molar ratio benefited the CO yield.
Studying on Preparation of AZO Thin Films with Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Lv Xiu Ling , Dou Yu Bo , Wang Juan , Xu Ying
Published: November 2010

Al doped ZnO thin films（AZO films） was prepared by sol-gel method. The influence of Parameters of different processes on the crystallization properties, micro-morphology and optical properties of this kind of films were studied, using by X-ray diffractometer, filed emission stereoscan, spectral photometer, hall admeasuring apparatus. The results indicated that the crystallization properties, micro-morphology and optical properties of Al doped ZnO films were best on the condition that the sol density was 0.5mol/L, hat treatment temperature is 600 and there is a 8-layer coating.
Vibration Emulating and Measuring of Pipe System Being Filled with Liquid Ammonia in Chemical Ship
Authors: Shi Xiao Min , Ni Hai Zhou
Published: November 2010

Above all, it is discussed about vibration mechanism of the pipe system being filled with liquid ammonia in a chemical ship, the mathematic equations of pipe vibration are deduced, and finite element model of the pipe system is constructed by means of CAESARⅡ software, then according to constructed model, vibration emulating of the pipe system is done with the help of MATLAB software, and field measuring of vibration is also done in the connection and elbow of the pipe system, dynamic damping project is put forward after the results of emulating are compared with measuring values of vibration in a chemical ship, original pipe system being filled with liquid ammonia is improved on the basis of the dynamic damping project, in the end, vibration values of improved pipe system are tested and analyzed again, the results of testing indicate that adopted dynamic damping project is feasible.
Design of New Environment-Friendly Friction Material and Optimization of the Ratio Method
Authors: Yang Lei , Qi Yao Guang , Ren Xu Hu , Liu Xin Fu , Du Lan Lin , Zhang Fen Na
Published: November 2010

Friction material in the future will be towards the low-noise, low wear debris, no poisoning and environment-friendly trends and direction. This paper describes the friction material formulation filtering and evaluation, and proposes design of the basic idea of friction material formulations. Then the article optimizes design of friction material formulations by means of golden section method and the gray correlation coefficients means. Experimental results show that the method gave by this paper is an effective way to study friction material formulation.
Optically Active Films Fabricated from Poly(Allylamine Hydrochloride) and R-(+)-1-Phenylethylamine Derivatives of Poly(Ethylene-Alt-Maleic Acid) with Different Degrees of Substitution
Authors: Wang Hong Yan , Xu Kun Lun , Liu Yan Qi , Jiang Xiu Ming , Xiang Guo Qiang , He Li Jun
Published: November 2010

Optically active films were built up from poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and R-(+)--phenylethylamine derivatives of poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid) (PEMA-PEA) with substituting degrees (DS) ranging from 0.48 to 0.97. The growth of the film was monitored with the circular dichroism (CD) and the UV spectrophotometer and the effect of DS of PEMA-PEA on the film was investigated. UV and CD data show the growth regime of the multilayer changing from exponential to linear. Deposition amounts of PEMA-PEA in multilayer films decrease with the increase in DS of PEMA-PEA, which was explained based on the conformation of the polyelectrolyte and the charge overcompensation as the polyelectrolyte was deposited on the surface of the film. These results are of benefit to the development of multilayer films for the chiral separation of enantiomers.
Thermal Property, Morphology, Mechanical and Rheological Properties of a Modified Bio-Polymers Prepared by Blending Poly(3-Hydrobutyrate-Co-4-Hydrobutyrate) with Chain Extenders
Authors: Li Mei , Li Zhi Qiang , Xu Jun , Wei Dun Sheng , Zhu Hong Wei , Li Dong
Published: November 2010

Modified Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] was prepared by melt reactive blending P(3HB-co-4HB) with chain extenders (ADR-4367). Thermal transitions, spherulitic and freeze-fracture morphology, mechanical and rheological properties of the chain extended bio-materials were investigated. The results show that glass transition temperatures and crystallization temperatures increase, crystallinity and diameters of spherulites decrease, there are amorphous parts dispersed among the crystalline phase, and the bio-materials transfer from brittleness to toughness and ductility. Steady shear viscosity of the modified P(3HB-co-4HB) increases by about one order of magnitude, melts of the modified P(3HB-co-4HB) behave more viscoelasticity by storage modulus and loss modulus correlated with oscillatory shear frequency. Addition of ADR-4367 with contents of 4~6 wt% in the blends is enough to branching and coupling the co-polymer chains and brings remarkable effect on improving mechanical properties, steady shear viscosity and viscoelasticity.
Behavior of Phosphorus Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions on Modified Activated Alumina
Authors: Ding Chun Sheng , Zou Ying Long , Ni Fang Ming , Zhu Qian Fen
Published: November 2010

In the study, activated alumina was modified by calcium chloride, and after modification the phosphorus removal from aqueous solution increased by 13% or so. Then the activated alumina with and without treatment were subjected to characterization by the methods of the BET and SEM, and the adsorption characteristics of modified activated alumina were further studied at different contact time, pH values, adsorbent dosage levels and initial phosphorus concentration. Moreover, the equilibrium adsorption data for phosphorus were better fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and it means that the uptake of phosphorus preferably followed the monolayer adsorption process.
Research on Optimization Design of the Lateral Stiffness Satio about the Frame-Supported Multi-Ribbed Structure
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yao Qian Feng , Zhang Yin , Huang Wei , Yin Qi Xiang
Published: November 2010

By testing 4 pin standard frame-supported multi-ribbed composite slab’s mechanical proper- ties under the horizontal load’s funtion,it is got that the earthquake resistance performance influence of lateral stiffness satio to frame-supported multi- ribbed slabs.The reasonable value scope of stiffness satio between transformation layers is obtained by finite element analysis of seismic response of frame-support- ed multi-ribbed slab structures and provides theoretical basis to engineering design
The Optimization of the Technologic Parameter in Strong Cooling with Single-Tube on the A356 Alloy
Authors: Zheng Zhi Qiang , Xiong Xin Gen , Chen Ke Ming , Lin Bo Jun , Li Xu Wen
Published: November 2010

The tube spread around strong cooling technology is new technology of the making semisolid slurry and semisolid billet in Semi-Solid Processing. The technologic parameter of its on the A356 Alloy is researched in the article. It is showed by the result of the experimentation: that the fine and form verge on rotundity crystal grain is made at 180L/h and at 640-650°C. It has met all the conditions in the semi-solid processing on semisolid billet. Semi-solid forming technology has been called the "new metal processing technology in the 21st century", which in foreign countries has certain industrial applications. In 1996 in the United States the sales of semi-solid casting was up to 1 billion dollars. But the industrial application in China is almost empty, one of the most important reasons is: the preparation of slurry or billet is too complicated or cost of production is too high, so that semi-solid forming technology in China has suffered serious setbacks on the road of industrialization. According to this situation, we have done a little attempts on manufacturing slurry and billet of semi-solid forming and have developed a new technology of spread around strong cooling whose intellectual property rights belong to us, equipment production is simple and the process is easy to control and the semi-solid slurry is east to prepare continuously. It will be discussed in this paper that process parameters of the single-tube strong cooling impacts on the microstructure of semi-solid
Dynamic Compressive Response and Failure Behaviour of CFRP Composites at High Strain Rates
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhang Xiao Xia
Published: November 2010

A type of quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy composites was prepared. In order to study the dynamic mechanical properties of composites, the compressive specimens were investigated in the normal direction, as well as in the in-plane direction at different strain rates by Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique. The macro- and micro-fracture morphology of the damaged specimens was obtained utilizing the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that the dynamic stress-strain behaviour can be significantly affected by the strain rates. As the strain rates increased, the maximum strength and maximum modulus increased, the ultimate strain reduced. The compressive strength and the ultimate strain in the in-plane direction are obviously lower than that in the normal direction. The main way of the dynamic compressive failures in the normal direction is shear failure due to the brittle fracture of the fibre. Interfacial crack and delamination can be produced in the in-plane direction.
Experimental Study on Performance of Green Complex Binder of Low-Grade Fly Ash and Limestone Powder
Authors: Sun Yong Mei , Liu Juan Hong
Published: November 2010

In this article, the effects of different content and compound ratio of low-grade fly ash and limestone powder on the strength, water requirement and adaptability with admixture of green complex binder were studied, and the influence of particle size distribution and particle morphology on its performance was analyzed. The results indicated that the strength decreased obviously with the increase of mineral content. There was an optimum ratio of fly ash and limestone powder (6:4) at a certain mineral content. Water requirement decreased, and the saturated content of admixture points became small with the increasing of limestone powder. The effects of content on the strength were much more than that of particle size distribution for composite cement with high volume of mineral admixtures.
Investigation on Axial Turning-Grinding of Engineering Ceramics
Authors: Tian Xin Li , Guo Fang , Mao Ya Tao , Wang Jian Quan , Xu Sen , Zhang Shu
Published: November 2010

Axial turning-grinding is a processing method to cut the cylindrical workpiece along its axis, using the kinetic energy of high-speed rotation annularity tool, the abrasives in tool tip as the main cutting edge to remove materials and the abrasives in the outside surface of tool as a minor cutting edge to sharpen the processed surface. Comparing with concentric axial turning-grinding, eccentric axial turning-grinding has higher efficiency. The result indicated that cutting thickness and feed rate could be more than 5~10mm and 200mm/min respectively in a cutting, realizing high-efficiency, low-cost processing of engineering ceramics. According to axial force, chips’ shape and damage degree of surface to be processed, obtaining the proper feed rate range. Removal mechanism analyses showed that both median/radial cracks and lateral cracks occurred in the part to be removed, and the intensity of the processed part had little destroyed, only needing adjust axial force to control the length of transverse cracks.
Optimization and Springback Control of Ultra-High Strength Steel Door Beam Forming Process
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2010

The door beam inside the car door is an key component to improve the security of passengers, most great automobile manufacturing companies use ultra-high strength steel plate to manufacture it，however, it is very difficult to form in room temperature，so commonly it is made by hot stamping but the cost is too high. This article gives a solution to deal with this problem by the use of FEM software in simulating and optimizing the forming process of one kind of ultra-high strength steel door beam in room temperature, and main study is in the influence of temperature on internal organization changes of the ultra-high strength sheet and springback by comparing the simulation result and real sample, and meanwhile convex roofs are added in the addendum to optimize the surface. It is helpful on how to design die face in manufacturing the related ultra-high strength steel parts.
Study of Immersion Tin Plating on Copper by Galvanic Couple Current Method
Authors: Liu Xue Hua , Tang Dian , Wen Shi Xue
Published: November 2010

Immersion tin (I-Sn) coatings on copper were prepared in a stannous methanesulfonate bath with thiourea being the potential altering agent. The electrochemical displacement process was studied by the galvanic couple current method (GCCM) on an electrochemical workstation. The morphology of the I-Sn coatings were observed by field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The I-Sn process can be divided into three stages: (i) rapid increase in galvanic current, (ii) sudden decrease in galvanic current after a peak current, and (iii) low or residual galvanic current stages. It is demonstrated that the galvanic current method is a useful and efficient tool to identify the optimum ending time of the immersion plating process. This optimum immersion time results in a smooth and conformal deposit with a fine grain size.
Study on the Arc Shape in the Wire Arc Spray Process
Authors: Zhang Jia Ying , Xu Bin Shi
Published: November 2010

Being the heat source of arc spray, the characteristics of arc are of importance for properties of coatings. In this paper, the arc shape in the wire arc spray process was analyzed in the aid of high-speed digital camera. It is testified that the arc has the elliptical shape. This type of shape is favorable for heating the metal particles. The arc isn’t always in burning state and it is extinguished frequently. There are two kinds of reasons for arc extinguish. The first one is that the two metal wires short circuit. The second one is that the imperfect melted metal stretches the arc long, and then this part melted and broken away from the metal wires’ tips. If we can control the metal wires state, the properties of coatings will be improved.
Optimization of the Hot Pressing Parameters of Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool and Die Materials: II. with Hybrid GA-BP Method
Authors: Zhang Jing Jie , Xu Chong Hai , Yi Ming Dong , Zhang Hui Fa , Wang Xing Hai
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the two hybrid algorithms of back propagation artificial neural network and genetic algorithm were used in the optimum design of the hot pressing parameters of an advanced ZrO2/TiB2/Al2O3 nanocomposite ceramic tool and die material. Compared with the BP algorithm, the predicted results of hybrid algorithm indicated that the combination algorithm can offer a robust and efficient way for the fabrication process design of ceramic tool and die materials.
Interface Behavior of Joint between CoCr Coating and Steel 35CrMo Substrate Produced by Electro-Spark Deposition
Authors: Yu Hua , Gao Ke , Qiu Ran Feng , Zhang Ke Ke , Shi Hong Xin
Published: November 2010

Steel 35CrMo is widely used to produce the principal axis of machine, but the principal axis is often abraded or scratched during its service. The CoCr coating produced by electro-spark deposition on the machine principal axis of 35CrMo can solve the problem and resume its application. In this study, the interface behavior of joint between the CoCr coating and the 35CrNo steel substrate was studied. The microstructure of CoCr coating was also observed and analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. A narrow layer of elements diffusion containing Co0.72Fe0.28, CoCr and Co7Fe3 was detected in the bonding interface between the CoCr coating layer and the 35CrMo steel substrate. The CoCr coating with higher microhardness was obtained on the substrate. The results reveal that a joint between the CoCr alloy and the steel 35CrMo substrate with stable quality can be obtained by electro-spark deposition.
Study on Formation Mechanism of WC in Carburized Layer of Fe-1.57W Binary Alloy
Authors: Liu Jun You , Liu Jie , Gao Xue Yun , Shi Man Li
Published: November 2010

For the better application of the solid carburized processing with simple technology, easy operation, safety and reliability, economic mode, this paper studied the carburized layer of Fe-1.57W binary alloy after solid carburized treatment by OM, SEM, EDS, XRD. Its microstructure was observed and analyzed, and its surface hardness and hardness gradient in the section were measured. At the same time, the formation mechanism and morphology causes of WC were researched and conjectured from the thermodynamics, the crystallography and the valence electron. The results show that: After 930 °C × 8h solid carburized processing and water quenching, the surface hardness of the carburized layer of Fe-1.57W binary alloy is up to HRc59, and its microstructure is composed by M, γ, Fe3C and WC. Fe3C lies in the surface carburized layer. In adjacent layer, there is a layer with large size WC. At 930 °C, WC nucleates on {100} crystal planes in the austenite, and grows along the c-axis direction, under the mutual restriction among the crystal faces of (11 0), ( 2 0) and (2 0) or in the parallel crystal faces of (11 0) and ( 20), and then shows as thin strip, triangle, square, bow-shaped morphology, etc.
Optimization of Laser Transmission Joint between PET and Titanium Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Song Xin Hua , Wang Xiao , Li Pin , Xu Zhen Kai , Wang Kai , Liu Hui Xia
Published: November 2010

Laser transmission joint between biocompatible, dissimilar materials have the potential for application in biomedical and their encapsulation process. This paper is devoted to laser transmission joint between 0.1mm thick PET films and 0.1mm thick Titanium using near-infrared diode lasers. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to develop mathematical models between the joining process parameters. The developed mathematical models are tested for adequacy using analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) method. In addition, the main effect of each parameter and the interaction effects with other process parameters are analyzed. Finally, the experimental results agree with those predicted indicate that the developed mathematical models can predict the responses adequately.
An Investigation to the Behavior of Fatigue Crack and Rail Selection for High-Speed
Authors: Zhong Wen , Hu Jia Jie , Wang Cai Yun , Shen Peng , Liu Qi Yue
Published: November 2010

The rolling tests of railway rail were performed using a JD-1 wheel/rail simulation facility without any lubricant. The failure behaviour of rail rollers with different materials, was investigated in detail by examining wear volume and wear scar using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that rail material with a high hardness appears less plastic flow after rolling test. When the plastic flow is small, the wear resistance of material appears better. However, the crack propagation is more significant and fatigue damage is more severe. There is a mutual competitive relationship between wear and surface fatigue crack. A high wear rate can reduce rolling contact fatigue damage by removing constantly surface cracks. The analysis shows that U71Mn rail is more suitable for the high-speed railway.
Cutting Force and Tool Deflection Predictions for High Speed Machining of Hard to Cut Material
Authors: Sheu Jinn Jong , Xu Dong Mei , Liu Chin Wei
Published: November 2010

The dimension accuracy and the too life are the major issues of the machining of hard-to-cut materials. To fulfill the requirements of accuracy and tool life needs not only well planning of cutting path but also the proper cutting conditions of cutters. The vibration and deflection of cutters caused by poor selection of cutting conditions can be predicted using models of cutting force and tool deflection. In this paper, a cutting force model considering the effect of tool helical angle and a cantilever beam model of tool deflection were proposed for the high speed machining of hard-to-cut material SKD11. The shearing force, the plowing forces, and the helical angle of cutters are considered in the elemental force model. The material of workpiece, SKD11, studied in this paper is commonly used for the die and mold industries. The cutting constants of the proposed force model are determined via the cutting experiments carried out on a high speed machining center. A dynamometer and a high frequency data acquisition system were used to measure the x-, y-, and z-direction cutting forces. The obtained cutting constants were used to predict the cutting forces and compared with the results obtained from the cutting experiment of verification using cutters with different helical angles. The theoretical and the experimental cutting forces in the x-, y-, and z- direction are in good agreement using flat cutters with 30 and 45 degrees of helical angle. The dimension deviations of the cut surface in the cutting experiment case of tool deflection were measured using a touch probe and an infrared receiver installed on the machining center. The measured average dimension deviation, 0.163mm, is close to the predicted tool deflection, 0.153mm, using the proposed cantilever beam model. The comparisons of the cutting forces and the average of the cut surface dimension deviation are in good agreement and verify the proposed cutting force and the tool deflection models are feasible and useful.
Suspension Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Hydroxyapatite Powder in TBA Solvent
Authors: Lee J.M. , Yang Tae Young , Yoon Seog Young , Kim B.K. , Park Hong Chae
Published: November 2010

Sedimentation bulk density and rheology of TBA-based hydroxyapatite suspensions have been investigated in terms of solid loading and types of additives (gelators, gelators/dispersant, gelators/dispersant/surfactant).