bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SGX-MR: Regulating Dataflows for Protecting Access Patterns of Data-Intensive SGX Applications
Authors: Alam A K M Mubashwir , Sharma Sagar , Chen Keke
Published: December 2020

Intel SGX has been a popular trusted execution environment (TEE) for protecting the integrity and confidentiality of applications running on untrusted platforms such as cloud. However, the access patterns of SGX-based programs can still be observed by adversaries, which may leak important information for successful attacks. Researchers have been experimenting with Oblivious RAM (ORAM) to address the privacy of access patterns. ORAM is a powerful low-level primitive that provides application-agnostic protection for any I/O operations, however, at a high cost. We find that some application-specific access patterns, such as sequential block I/O, do not provide additional information to adversaries. Others, such as sorting, can be replaced with specific oblivious algorithms that are more efficient than ORAM. The challenge is that developers may need to look into all the details of application-specific access patterns to design suitable solutions, which is time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper, we present the lightweight SGX based MapReduce (SGX-MR) approach that regulates the dataflow of data-intensive SGX applications for easier application-level access-pattern analysis and protection. It uses the MapReduce framework to cover a large class of data-intensive applications, and the entire framework can be implemented with a small memory footprint. With this framework, we have examined the stages of data processing, identified the access patterns that need protection, and designed corresponding efficient protection methods. Our experiments show that SGX-MR based applications are much more efficient than the ORAM-based implementations.
Administration of Urban Public Transport in the Largest Polish Cities
Authors: Żukiewicz Przemysław
Published: December 2020

In this article, we compare the solutions which the largest Polish cities apply to effectively manage and administer public urban transport. We pay attention to the legal, administrative, and political limitations of current activities; we also analyse public transport strategies in terms of plans for the future. We state that large Polish cities prefer to entrust public transport services to fully dependent companies, do not seek to diversify service providers and do not allow the coexistence of public and private operators. Our research is the first comparative study which has used the eleven largest Polish cities as a research sample. Its results are important not only for decision-makers, but also for entrepreneurs in the transport industry. Not only does our analysis prove that, currently, urban transport in the largest Polish cities is carried out mostly by companies which fully belong to cities, but also that the future strategies of the target state will not be determined by political decision makers at all, or no significant changes are foreseen. In the largest Polish cities in the future, the tramway sector will be fully controlled by municipal companies; in the bus transport sector, private carriers will be able to count on a maximum of 20–30% share of transport work while the railway sector will remain under the control of regional administration, not local urban administration.
Collaborative Patterns of Long-Term Sustainability in Community Social Enterprises: An International Comparative Case Study
Authors: Kovanen Sunna
Published: December 2020

The article presents results from a research on the relevance and challenges of collaboration for the long-term sustainability of rural community enterprises. The study relies on Communities of Practice and Degrowth theories. Methods include semi-standardised interviews and focused ethnography in two community enterprises in rural areas in Germany and Portugal. Main results confirm the relevance of collaborative relations with residents, public sector, peer organisations and within the teams for both stability and transformative power of the organisations’ work. Respectful handling of privileges and balance in participation and professionalisation support sustainability, whereas institutional stagnation and involuntary degrowth may risk it.
Demograficzny aspekt kurczenia się polskich miast
Authors: Cienkosz Ewelina
Published: December 2020

Abstrakt

Depopulacja stanowi jeden z podstawowych czynników warunkujących proces kurczenia się miast (shrinking cities). Impulsem inicjującym zmiany w wielkości, gęstości zaludnienia lub w innych cechach populacji miasta są przeobrażenia demograficzne mierzone za pomocą przyrostu naturalnego, ruchów ludnościowych (migracje), struktury wieku. Specyfikę przemian demograficznych wpływających na proces wyludniania się miast w Polsce można porównać do przebiegu tych zjawisk w innych krajach Europy Środkowo–Wschodniej. Pomimo ogólnych podobieństw transformacji demograficznej, poszczególne elementy tego procesu w polskich warunkach różniły się od powszechnie przyjętego modelu drugiego przejścia demograficznego. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje kwestię kurczenia się miast ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektu demograficznego. Jego celem jest próba wyjaśnienia przyczyn wyludniania się polskich miast, a także określenia konsekwencji jakie niesie ze sobą zjawisko depopulacji.
Zielona infrastruktura jako element skutecznego planowania przestrzennego
Authors: Morawska Ilona , Zalasińska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Abstrakt

Planowanie przestrzenne, zarówno na szczeblu krajowym, regionalnym, jak i lokalnym, wymaga podejmowania szeregu działań i szeroko zakrojonych analiz na wielu płaszczyznach. Jednym z elementów zagospodarowania przestrzeni, tak wiejskich, jak i miejskich, są tereny zieleni. Współcześnie coraz więcej mówi się o powiązanej z nimi tzw. zielonej infrastrukturze. Na tę chwilę nie istnieje jedna, konkretna definicja zielonej infrastruktury, nie ma również dokładnych, jednoznacznych wytycznych co do identyfikowania jej elementów składowych. Daje to możliwość badaczom, planistom i urbanistom na szeroką jej interpretację i włączanie w jej zasięg coraz to nowych elementów. W ostatnich latach działania lokalne skupiają się coraz bardziej na ochronie zieleni, w głównej mierze spowodowane jest to restrykcjami ze strony polityki zarówno międzynarodowej, jak i krajowej, uwarunkowanymi między innymi przez zmiany klimatu. Jednym z elementów, które mogą skutecznie działać na korzyść obszarów zielonych, jest odpowiednia polityka przestrzenna, której jednym z zadań i głównych celów jest prowadzenie zrównoważonego rozwoju.
The Relationship Between Criminal Records and Job Performance: An Examination of Customer Service Representatives
Authors: Griffith Jakari , Harris Todd
Published: December 2020

Between 70 million and 100 million Americans—or as many as one in three—have some type of criminal record (Vallas & Dietrich, 2014). Having even a minor criminal record often functions as a significant impediment to gainful employment and resultant economic security. This is especially problematic given that: (a) many companies now incorporate background checks within their hiring process and (b) little empirical research exists about the relationship between criminal records and job performance. Thus, this study examined the relationship between criminal records and objective performance of customer service representatives (N = 627) in a large telecommunications firm. Our regression analyses indicate that criminal record was not a predictor of job performance.
A EFÊMERA BELEZA NO AUTORRETRATO DE DORIAN GRAY – UM OLHAR NA PERSPECTIVA FENOMENOLÓGICO EXISTENCIAL
Authors: De Oliveira Sidnei Eugênio , Da Silva Aline Detoni , Terra Denise Dall Pozzo , Klein Juliana Albertina
Published: December 2020

Resumo: Este artigo suscita explanar o romance “O retrato de Dorian Gray” de Oscar Wilde, o qual manifesta o belo e a busca pela eterna juventude. A obra exalta fatores característicos do protagonista que refletem, com admirável dose de verossimilhança ao autor, o processo de supervalorização da imagem em detrimento da consciência a contenção do prazer do Ser, a falta de sentimentos, a finitude, a sensação de vazio e a obsessão por poder. Promove, ainda, uma reflexão sobre os rasgos de ironia, sarcasmo e desencanto. A pesquisa adota a revisão bibliográfica e a análise de conteúdo, por constituírem indicadores primordiais para organizar este projeto sobre transgressão do conceito da psicologia, da arte, da sociedade e dos valores aqui inseridos. A escolha do livro se dá pela abrangente possibilidade da observação do objeto, visto que toda a apropriação auxilia na melhor análise do foco estudado, a humanidade, bem como na explanação de conceito do Ser, Projeto original, Consciência, Má-Fé e Liberdade. Ao fim, são expressas as considerações derivadas da análise postulada.
EFICÁCIA DA POMADA DE BARBATIMÃO (Stryphnodendron barbatiman) NA CICATRIZAÇÃO DE FERIDAS CUTÂNEAS IATROGÊNICAS EM GATAS
Authors: Fagundes Suelen Keity , Reis Junior , Melo Hugo Chistiano Soares , Pereira Saulo Gonçalves , Sant’Ana Driele Schneidereit
Published: December 2020

O aumento de animais domésticos tem se tornado constante e a forma mais eficaz para seu controle populacional é a castração. O tratamento de feridas cirúrgicas pode ser demorado ou ineficaz em pacientes com fatores predisponentes que desfavoreçam a cicatrização, como os idosos, diabéticos, obesos, desnutridos, e que apresentam processos infecciosos. Devido ao assunto, a busca por técnicas inovadoras e eficazes que favoreçam o processo cicatricial, impulsiona uma série de estudos científicos em todo o mundo. Diante disso pode-se utilizar a fitoterapia, a ciência na qual se proporciona o bem-estar animal e trata as enfermidades por meio das plantas medicinais, vem cada vez mais sendo usada, estimulando as defesas naturais do organismo do animal, tornando-se uma das melhores opções de tratamento não-agressivo. Assim neste trabalho foi utilizado a pomada manipulada a base de barbatimão nas porcentagens de 2,5% e 10% e placebo em gatas, para cicatrização de ferida cirúrgica pós-operatório. Foram utilizadas no presente trabalho nove gatas hígidas, com a mesma média de idade, peso e escore corporal, divididas em três grupos com três gatas cada (G1, G2 e Grupo C). Todas as fêmeas passaram pelo procedimento de ovariohisterectomia. No pós-operatório, cada grupo recebeu um tipo de tratamento: o Grupo 1 foi tratado com pomada manipulada a base de barbatimão na concentração de 2,5%, enquanto o Grupo 02 fez uso da pomada manipulada na concentração 10% e o Grupo C recebeu a pomada de placebo.
Navigating Emotional Waters in Schools: Becoming an Emotionally Adaptable Leader
Authors: GİNSBERG Rick
Published: December 2020

Emotions impact leaders in multiple ways. The current pandemic has exacerbated the stress on all school personnel and the emotional impact can be powerful. While research has examined workplace related emotions for years, the growth of the concept of emotional intelligence spurred greater interest on the impact of emotions on employee and leader performance. But few studies have specifically considered the impact of emotions on leaders given the roles and duties they perform. Nor has research considered the kind of leadership approaches needed to navigate their emotionally-laden reality. This study examines the research on emotions, emotional intelligence, and the triggers in schools that spark emotional reactions. Then, following a discussion of leadership studies on emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, resiliency and related concepts, complexity leadership, crisis and cutback management, and several recent leadership approaches related to improving performance, a framework is offered for becoming an emotionally adaptable leader. The paper concludes with ideas for short-term coping and long-term thriving for emotionally adaptable leaders.
SUBCIDADANIA FEMININA: DESIGUALDADES NO BRASIL REPUBLICANO E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1988 COMO LOCUS DE CONQUISTA DE DIREITOS DA MULHER (REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE VIRGÍNIA WOOLF)
Authors: Fachin Zulmar , Mazzetto Giulia
Published: December 2020

O artigo trata da igualdade de direitos entre homem e mulher. Toma como ponto de partida o pensamento de Virgínia Woolf, revelador da situação de inferioridade a que a mulher esteve submetida ao longo do tempo. O objetivo do texto é identificar as grandes dificuldades enfrentadas pela mulher vivendo em situação de desigualdades social e jurídica. Em uma perspectiva de conquista de direitos, considera o estágio atual de reconhecimento de direitos à mulher, especialmente a partir da Constituição brasileira de 1988. Considera que a mulher foi historicamente inferiorizada nas relações domésticas e sociais, visto que esteve submetida ao poder marital em decorrência do sistema normativo do Direito brasileiro. Identifica uma pluralidade de situações jurídicas em que a mulher era tratada desigualmente e reconhece que a Constituição de 1988 foi emancipadora da condição jurídica feminina. O método adotado é o hipotético-dedutivo, de natureza exploratória, coletando-se dados em bibliotecas e sites de busca acadêmica e institucionais oficiais. Os resultados mostram que a evolução normativa das últimas décadas, embora significativa, não foi acompanhada do efetivo exercício dos direitos já formalizados, e que a conquista de direito por parte da mulher é uma obra sempre em construção.
The effect of sound and rhythm in highlighting the Quranic image
Authors: Al-Zuhayre Mahmoud Hussein Ahmad
Published: December 2020

This research was studied on the effect of sound in highlighting the Qur’anic image, so it took a descriptive approach to analysis. Without a performance, then the search for the description with words to represent the performance was to approximate the meaning and the image and approximate the oral Quranic performance. The research concluded that the sound showed the image and meaning previously in that lexical meaning, and it was noticed that the image came from many words and vocabulary in order to clearly highlight the image and the meaning, and that the sound sometimes overcomes the dictionary meaning and precedes it among the recipients in understanding, as much of the phonemic performance was not mentioned in the dictionaries due to Because of its lack of form in words, the research noticed that any movement, sound, or rhythm in the Holy Qur’an is not devoid of the meaning of a goal or an intended goal, so the sound lies behind the meaning and moves the image and makes it clear.
Atención pedagógica a estudiantes con bajo rendimiento académico de primero de bachillerato general unificado
Authors: Cordero López Cristian Fernando , León García Margarita
Published: December 2020

El artículo que se presenta parte de la observación profesional del autor, en la que se constata que algunos estudiantes poseen bajos resultados académicos.  Dentro de las causas posibles se ha reflexionado acerca de la atención pedagógica que brindan los docentes. Los referentes teóricos establecen la importancia de una buena atención pedagógica docente y la influencia de esta en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la influencia de la atención pedagógica en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de Primero de Bachillerato General Unificado. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto para indagar sobre las características de la atención pedagógica y los resultados en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, analizando las relaciones entre ambas variables. El alcance de la investigación es descriptivo, y el tipo de investigación de campo y documental. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, matemáticos y empíricos. Entre ellos, la observación, entrevistas y encuestas para la obtención de la información. El resultado evidencia que la atención pedagógica que los docentes brindan a los estudiantes influye en el rendimiento académico.
Rendimiento de MariaDB y PostgreSQL
Authors: Pilicita Garrido Anabel , Borja López Yolanda , Gutiérrez Constante Gonzalo
Published: December 2020

El almacenamiento de información en las bases de datos es un tema importante para toda organización, en la actualidad. Son los Sistemas Gestores de Bases de Datos conocidos como SGDB encargados de ocultar la complejidad que conlleva la administración de las base de datos. Es común que cada día sean almacenados millones de datos más aún porque en la actualidad existen nuevas tendencias y exigencias para el procesamiento de grandes volúmenes de datos a gran velocidad. Por lo tanto, es indispensable que los SGBD tengan un correcto rendimiento para hacer frente a estas nuevas exigencias. El presente trabajo muestra los resultados obtenidos al realizar pruebas de rendimiento en los Sistemas Gestores de Base de Datos MariaDB y PostgreSQL, aplicando la arquitectura de tres capas para los escenarios de prueba. Ambos SGBD son potentes y muy utilizados por diferentes sistemas. Los resultados obtenidos están relacionados con la cantidad de peticiones por segundo procesadas por estos sistemas. En este caso, MariaDB fue superior que PostgreSQL a medida que aumentó la cantidad de usuarios que realizaban en diferentes escenarios gracias a sus motores de búsqueda que generan mejores velocidades para el procesamiento de datos.
Implementation of Coaching Approach to Formation, Maintenance and Development of Safety Culture at the «Rosatom» State Corporation Enterprises
Authors: Rudenko V. A. , Evdoshkina Yu. A. , Vasilenko I. S.
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the possibility of using coaching as an innovative and effective technology for managerial interaction with personnel in the daily activities of the nuclear power plant leaders. The results of diagnostics of the development of management skills of managers at the Rostov nuclear power plant are presented. The obtained results of the study can be used as the basis for the strategy of forming and increasing leadership in matters of safety culture at the enterprises of the nuclear industry
KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE RİSKLİ SÜRÜCÜLÜK: BİR DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: BIÇAKSIZ Pınar
Published: December 2020

Dünya genelinde ölüm nedenleri arasında her yıl gittikçe daha yüksek sıralarda yer alan trafik kazaları ciddi bir halk sağlığı meselesidir. Trafik kazalarını önleyebilmek için öncelikle bu sorunu anlamak ve açıklayabilmek gerekir. Trafik kazalarının nedenleri arasında en önemlisi insan faktörüdür ve sürücülük becerileri ile davranışları olmak üzere iki ana başlıkta incelenir. Sürücülük tarzı, kişinin belli sürücülük becerileri düzeyiyle ne yapmayı seçtiği ile ilgilidir ve kişilik özelliklerinden etkilenir. Bu çalışmanın amacı riskli sürücülük tarzını açıklamayı hedefleyen çalışmalarda incelenen kişilik özelliklerini tanıtmak ve bu çalışmaların bulgularını bir araya getirmektir. Bu kapsamda, trafik psikolojisi yazınında incelenen beş faktörlü kişilik modeli, treyt öfke, heyecan arama, dürtüsellik, Karanlık Üçlü kişilik özellikleri ve kontrol odağı değişkenlerinin riskli sürücülükle ilişkilerini araştıran alanyazın bu derleme çalışmasında özetlenerek sunulmaktadır.
STATUS MUTU AIR DAN BEBAN PENCEMAR SUNGAI KRUKUT, DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Rachmawati Intan pramudita , Riani Etty , Riyadi Agung
Published: December 2020

Sungai di Indonesia telah mengalami pergeseran fungsi, khususnya di Jakarta. Sebagai ibukota negara, pertumbuhan populasi dan juga laju migrasi merupakan hal yang idak bisa dihindari. populasi di ibukota turut berkontribusi pada penurunan kualitas lingkungan, termasuk kualitas air sungai. sungai krukut merupakan salah satu sungai besar yang mengalir di Jakarta yang memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung aktivitas penduduk sekitar. sungai ini diperuntukkan sebagai bahan baku air minum (KepGub DKI Jakarat No. 582/1995). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui status mutu air dan potensi beban pencemar Sungai Krukut. metode yang digunakan untuk analisis status mutu air ialah Indeks Pencemar (PP No. 82/2001). baku mutu yang digunakan ialah baku mutu air Kelas I dan Kelas II. Status mutu air sungai krukut dengan baku mutu kelas I ialah cemar berat di seluruh stasiun pemantauan, sedangkan dengan baku mutu kelas II ialah cemar sedang-cemar berat. potensi beban pencemar sungai krukut berasal dari limbah domestik rumah tangga. potensi beban pencemar total sungai krukut sebesar 669.940 kg/hari dengan beban pencemar BOD sebesar 203.562,89 kg/hari, beban COD sebesar 275.814,4 kg/hari, dan beban pencemar TSS sebesar 190.562,7 kg/hari.
Analysis of total suspended solid content based on rain characteristics in the Ciliwung River basin
Authors: Djajusman Sulistyo Ariebowo , Arifin Hadi Susilo , Riani Etty
Published: December 2020

Total suspended solid (TSS) is one of the parameters that determines whether or not a body of water is polluted. One factor that influences the amount of TSS content is the characteristic of rainfall in an area. Purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the effect of rainfall characteristics and TSS content in Ciliwung River. Multiple regression analysis was used for analytical method.  Results of multiple regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficient (adjusted R2) for the factors of rainfall, discharge and sediment show a low correlation to changes the content of TSS in Ciliwung River. The value of each correlation coefficient in the upstream, middle, and downstream of Ciliwung River are 0.21, 0.31, and 0.09 respectively. According to the F test, rainfall, discharge and sediment  were significantly affect TSS content in the upstream and middle stream.  Based on t test, it is known that only rainfall affect TSS content in the upstream and midlle stream.
Kajian Erosi Tanah menggunakan Isotop 137Cs dan 210Pb Excess di Sub DAS Ciesek, DAS Ciliwung Hulu, Bogor
Authors: Murtilaksono Kukuh , Citraresmini Ania , Yusuf Sri Malahayati , Bachtiar Taufik , Lawaswati Dwi Mei
Published: December 2020

Metode jatuhan radioisotop (Fallout Radio Nuclides) telah lama dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan untuk mempelajari dan mengukur erosi tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga erosi/deposisi tanah di Sub DAS Ciesek, DAS Ciliwung Hulu menggunakan jatuhan radioisotop 137Cs dan 210Pb excess di alam. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan menggunakan soil core pada empat transek penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Sampel tanah dianalisis menggunakan Multi Channel Analyzer (MCA) untuk mendapatkan nilai inventori kedua radioisotop tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan pola distribusi erosi/deposisi antara isotop 137Cs dan 210Pb excess. Penggunaan isotop 137Cs menunjukkan proses erosi tanah terjadi pada lahan kebun campuran dan tegalan, tapi proses deposisi terjadi di lahan terbuka. Penggunaan 210Pb excess menunjukkan erosi tanah terjadi di lahan terbuka, namun deposisi terjadi di lahan kebun campuran dan tegalan. Penggunaan 210Pb excess pada penelitian ini lebih dapat diandalkan dibandingkan dengan 137Cs, dalam hal pendugaan erosi tanah
A study conversion to be mining cement in Maruni protected forest Manokwari Regency
Authors: Mahmud Mahmud , Budirianto Heru Joko , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Kusumandari Ambar
Published: December 2020

Protected forests play an important role in supporting human life, protecting land and water and preventing the dangers of flooding and landslides, but a lot of conversions have taken place today. Research-based on techniques for observation, interviews, and case studies.  Measurement of respondents' perceptions and attitudes is carried out using instruments in the form of questionnaires that refer to the Likert scale. Data analysis was performed descriptively to describe the level of perception, attitude with simple non parametric linear regression. Maruni protected forest has the potential of limestone with 11 mineral elements, 5 of which are the largest Ca (93.62%), Si (2.45%), Mg (1.58%), Al (0.97%) ) and K (0.47%).  This forest   allows conversion area, from an area of ​​969.84 ha with limestone potential of only 250 ha (25.78%), another 719.84 ha (74.22%) can still be designated as a protected forest. The public perception of conversion to cement mining was 59.03% negative, 14.83% neutral and 26.12% positive. While the attitudes of the community 43.1% accept, 38.94% neutral and 47.92% reject the conversion to become cement mining. The community hopes that there will be economic improvement, community empowerment and employment, especially affected communities.

Keywords: Conversion, cement mining, Maruni protected forest/HLM, perception, attitude
Estrógenos y alteraciones neurotológicas en Mujeres
Authors: Castillo-Bustamante Melissa , Del Cid Chua Claudia , Vázquez Magalí , Bello Dotel Licelott , Baez Recalde Mirtha
Published: December 2020

Introducción: Los estrógenos son hormonas ligadas a las diferentes fases del sistema reproductivo femenino y también tiene efectos simultáneos sobre el sistema vestibular. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura acerca de los cambios estrogénicos en el sistema vestibular, según cada etapa del desarrollo madurativo femenino. Materiales: búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo, Google Scholar y Bvsalud de artículos publicados entre los años 1964 y 2020 con los términos ‘estrogen and dizziness’, ‘estrogen and vertigo’, ‘estrogen and vestibular disorders’. Se encontraron 207 artículos, 29 en idioma inglés los cuales contenían información relevante, acerca de los cambios estrogénicos en el sistema vestibular. Resultados: Desde la menarca hasta la menopausia, se han encontrado manifestaciones relacionadas con el oído interno tales como vértigo, acúfenos, plenitud aural e hipoacusia. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con cada etapa madurativa estrogénica, se han reportado cambios a nivel del sistema audiovestibular.
Palabras claves: estrógeno; vértigo; acúfeno; hipoacusia
GURU: PROFESI YANG TAK LEKANG OLEH WAKTU
Authors: Zulhafizh
Published: December 2020

Anda telah memasuki wilayah baru. Anda beruntung hadir dan berada di ruangan ini. Karena Anda akan menemukan hal-hal yang tak disangka, tak terduga. Jadilah guru generasi baru. Yang akan merubah dan meneruskan perjuangan guru. Yang belum jua rampung, belum jua selesai
Politicians’ Ideology Matters More than Their Race in Determining the Association between White Identity and Evaluation of the Politicians
Authors: Bai Hui
Published: December 2020

White Americans’ racial identity can predict their sociopolitical attitudes and behaviors, demonstrating an emergent trend of White identity politics. However, when it comes to predicting support for political candidates, it remains an unclarified question whether the effects of White identity politics are determined more by candidates’ ideology or race. This paper disentangles and compares the role of candidates’ ideology and race. Four studies using White American samples consistently support the ideology hypothesis, which suggests that White identity predicts support for conservative politicians and opposition to liberal politicians because of their ideology. The evidence is limited for the racial hypothesis, which suggests that White identity predicts support for White politicians but opposition to Black politicians because of their race. Thus, this paper complements theories of White identity politics and clarifies implications for who might benefit from its growing influence.
Grain quality of the winter bread wheat varieties and lines in the Rostov region
Authors: Kravchenko N. S. , Nekrasova O. A. , Ignatieva N. G. , Oldyreva I. M. , Alty-Sadykh Yu. N.
Published: December 2020

Grain quality of winter bread wheat is an urgent issue in Russia and in the world. The traits and properties of grain that characterize the quality are formed in the field under the effect of weather and climatic conditions. The current study was carried out in 2017–2019. The objects of the study were 12 varieties and 3 promising lines of winter bread wheat of the Competitive Variety Testing. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety. The purpose of the study was to carry out a comparative estimation of grain quality of the varieties and promising lines of winter bread wheat, to identify the variation of traits over the years and to determine the effect of growing conditions on the formation of grain quality. There has been established that the studied varieties and lines formed nature weight from 799 g/l (the variety ‘Aksiniya’) to 830 g/l (‘Yubiley Dona’) and corresponded to the 1-st quality class. There have been identified the varieties ‘Etyud’ (62%; Cv = 6.6%), ‘Ermak’ (62%; Cv = 7.0%) and the line ‘1005/14’ (68%; Cv = 8.1%) with a combination of high values of the general hardness and insignificant variation of the trait over the years. There has been determined that the variety ‘Nakhodka’ (14.11%; Cv = 3.6%) and the line ‘1261/13’ (14.10%; Cv = 6.1%) were characterized by the maximum protein percentage and low values of the coefficient of variation. There has been established that the varieties ‘Aksiniya’ (4.5 points; 7.9%) and ‘Tanais’ (4.0 points; 2.5%) combined a high baking value with the stability of the trait. When estimating the effect of the factors “genotype”, “year of study” and their correlation on the characteristics of grain quality, there has been found that general hardness (52.59%), mass fraction of grain protein (58.31%), dough deformation (57, 78%), valorimetric value (46.01%), volume of bread (41.77%) and general baking assessment (51.24%) were largely dependent on genotype. The growing conditions had an effect on the formation of the quantity and quality of gluten and the P/l ratio.
Brown rust damage of the winter wheat varieties with different levels of resistance to the pathogen in the south of the Rostov region
Authors: Derova T. G. , Shishkin N. V. , Pavlenko O. S. , Samofalov A. P.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the current work was to study the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with the North Caucasian population of brown rust to identify a damage degree. The study was carried out in two stages on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties with different level of resistance to the pathogen. The trials have established a high damage degree of rust on susceptible varieties, which resulted in productivity decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the varieties with the maximum damage degree, there was identified the most resistant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when completely (100%) damaged by the disease, showed a minimum productivity decrease, no more than 10.6%. The varieties being poorly susceptible to brown leaf rust reduced the productivity from 11.2% to 20.7%. The smaller indices of productivity decrease among this group were shown by the variety ‘Spartak’. Among the five varieties that showed moderate leaf rust damage, there were different degrees of productivity decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ artificially infected with brown rust, showed a minimal productivity decrease and its structural elements, and it could be identified as the leaf rust resistant variety like the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’. When predicting the brown leaf rust epiphytoty, the susceptible and half-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides.
Изучение коллекционного материала озимой твердой пшеницы на наличие гена устойчивости к септориозу Stb2
Authors: Zhogaleva O. S. , Myshastaya A. Yu. , Pavlenko O. S. , Vozhzhova N. N. , Ionova E. V.
Published: December 2020

In order to obtain high yields of winter durum wheat, it is necessary not only to use advanced agricultural technologies, but also to sow varieties resistant to major diseases. One of these diseases that cause great harm to grain crops is Septoria leaf blotch. The current paper has presented the study results of collection material of Russian and foreign winter durum wheat according to the efficiency of the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in the North Caucasus region. The purpose of the current study was to identify the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in the collection material of winter durum wheat. The study was carried out in 2017–2018 in the laboratory of marker breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in Zernograd. In the course of the study there have been applied such methods as the isolation of genomic DNA by the CTAB-method, PCR-analysis with the molecular SSR marker WMS533, electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel, analysis of electrophoresis gels in the Bio-Rad Image Lab 6.0 software, general data analysis by Microsoft Excel. The study has shown that 29 samples out of 185 analyzed ones had the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2, they are the lines L3557 h42, L3182 h7, L3335 h29, L3336 h43, L3408 h218 (Russia, FSBSI “Research Center of Plants named after P. P. Lukyanenko”), K-61620 (Russia), K-54455, DF 917 (Romania), K-61924, K-59179, K-51863, K-61869 (Moldova), K-63871 (Turkey), Kharkovskaya 909 (Ukraine), MVTD-15-99 (Hungary), 2196-1/04, 922/93, 589/13, 655/13, 683/13, 145/14, 322/14, 484/14, Gordeiform 1424/82 (Russia, FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”), Beliy Parus (Ukraine), Belgorodskaya Yantarnaya (LLC “Sativa” in Belgorod, Russia), IR named after V. Ya. Yuriev (Kharkov, Ukraine)), Zhivitsa (Russia, Prikumskaya OSS), Pandur (Romania) and Elidur (Romania). There have been recommended using the identified samples of winter durum wheat with the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in breeding programs.
Agrobiological characteristics of the new ultra earlyripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’
Authors: Filippov E. G. , Dontsova A. A. , Dontsov D. P. , Shapovalova I. M.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of current work was to conduct an economic and biological estimation of the main morphobiological traits and properties of the ultra-early-ripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’ in comparison with the standard variety. In connection with the increasing climate aridity in recent years, the relevance of the production uses of early-ripening varieties of grain crops, including winter barley, has increased. For several decades the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” has been working in this direction, which resulted in the development of the new ultra early-ripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’. Since 2019 the variety ‘Foks 1’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus region. The variety parentage has the highly winter-resistant, lodging-resistant and large-grain varieties. The variety ‘Foks 1’ ripens on average 8–10 days earlier than the middle-ripening standard variety ‘Timofey’. On average, over the years of study in the Competitive Variety Testing (2017–2019), the trait “1000 grains weight” of the variety was 42.5 g, that of the standard variety was 40.2 g, the trait “grain nature” was 672 and 656 g/l, respectively. The trait “number of grains per head” of the new variety was 51, that of the standard variety was 45. The new variety formed an average yield of 8.1 t/ha, the excess over the standard was 0.5 t/ha. The variety ‘Foks 1’ was of a high level of winter tolerance and was resistant to lodging, it was also tolerant to damage by the main leaf diseases widespread in the region. The study results at the state variety plots of the Russian Federation and ecological testing in various soil and climatic zones have shown that the new ultra early-ripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’ under increasing climate aridity is undoubtedly of practical interest for cultivation in the North Caucasian region of the Russian Federation.
Integrated Circuit Waveform Probing Using Optical Phase Shift Detection
Authors: Wilsher Ken , Lo William , Eiles Travis M. , Xiao Guoqing
Published: December 2020

Single probe beam phase-sensitive detection has been applied to backside optical probing using an interferometer with a novel vibration cancellation scheme. Improved waveform quality and consistency, compared to amplitude-sensitive detection, has been successfully demonstrated on a number of CMOS microprocessors based on the 0.18 um logic process technology. The interferometric probing scheme will be described in detail and results will be presented.
Conductive Filament Formation in Printed Circuit Boards – Effects of Reflow Conditions and Flame Retardants
Authors: Sood Bhanu , Pecht Michael
Published: December 2020

Failures in printed circuit boards account for a significant percentage of field returns in electronic products and systems. Conductive filament formation is an electrochemical process that requires the transport of a metal through or across a nonmetallic medium under the influence of an applied electric field. With the advent of lead-free initiatives, boards are being exposed to higher temperatures during lead-free solder processing. This can weaken the glass-fiber bonding, thus enhancing conductive filament formation. The effect of the inclusion of halogen-free flame retardants on conductive filament formation in printed circuit boards is also not completely understood. Previous studies, along with analysis and examinations conducted on printed circuit boards with failure sites that were due to conductive filament formation, have shown that the conductive path is typically formed along the delaminated fiber glass and epoxy resin interfaces. This paper is a result of a year-long study on the effects of reflow temperatures, halogen-free flame retardants, glass reinforcement weave style, and conductor spacing on times to failure due to conductive filament formation.
Extending Acoustic Microscopy for Comprehensive Failure Analysis Applications
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Petzold Matthias , Czurratis Peter , Hoffrogge Peter
Published: December 2020

In industrial manufacturing of microelectronic components, non-destructive failure analysis methods are required for either quality control or for providing a rapid fault isolation and defect localization prior to detailed investigations requiring target preparation. Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) is a powerful tool enabling the inspection of internal structures in optically opaque materials non-destructively. In addition, depth specific information can be employed for two- and three-dimensional internal imaging without the need of time consuming tomographic scan procedures. The resolution achievable by acoustic microscopy is depending on parameters of both the test equipment and the sample under investigation. However, if applying acoustic microscopy for pure intensity imaging most of its potential remains unused. The aim of the current work was the development of a comprehensive analysis toolbox for extending the application of SAM by employing its full potential. Thus, typical case examples representing different fields of application were considered ranging from high density interconnect flip-chip devices over wafer-bonded components to solder tape connectors of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel. The progress achieved during this work can be split into three categories: Signal Analysis and Parametric Imaging (SA-PI), Signal Analysis and Defect Evaluation (SA-DE) and Image Processing and Resolution Enhancement (IP-RE). Data acquisition was performed using a commercially available scanning acoustic microscope equipped with several ultrasonic transducers covering the frequency range from 15 MHz to 175 MHz. The acoustic data recorded were subjected to sophisticated algorithms operating in time-, frequency- and spatial domain for performing signal- and image analysis. In all three of the presented applications acoustic microscopy combined with signal- and image processing algorithms proved to be a powerful tool for non-destructive inspection.
Failure Analysis of Electronic Material Using Cryogenic FIB-SEM
Authors: Antoniou Nicholas , Graham Adam , Hartfield Cheryl , Amador Gonzalo
Published: December 2020

Two-beam systems (focused ion beam (FIB) integrated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM)) have enabled site-specific analysis at the nano-scale through in situ “mill and view” capability at high resolution. In addition, a FIB-SEM can be used to cut away a lamella from a bulk sample and thin it for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. We studied the temperature dependence of FIB milling on compound semiconductors and thin films such as copper that are used in integrated circuits. These materials (GaAs, GaN, InN, etc) react chemically and physically with the gallium in the FIB and change chemical composition and may also change morphology. Copper metallization of IC’s has been difficult to mill without undesirable side effects. FIB milling for analysis of these materials becomes difficult if not impossible. Since temperature can be a big factor in chemical and physical reactions we investigated this and report here the effect of cooling the sample to cryogenic temperatures while milling. In addition, we report on the development of a process to prepare TEM lamellae with FIB entirely in a cryogenic environment.
Dielectric and Metal Depositions Using Xe+ Focused Ion Beams
Authors: Rue Chad , Carrigan Brieanna
Published: December 2020

Metal and dielectric depositions using Xe+ plasma FIB tools are reported and comparisons are made to depositions performed with conventional Ga+ FIB tools. Xe+-deposited Pt had a resistivity of 1250 ± 360 μΩ·cm, similar to the typical range of 1000-2000 μΩ·cm reported for Ga+-deposited Pt. Xe+-deposited dielectric depositions using HMCHS/O2 precursors had an average resistivity of 1.27 x 1019 μΩ·cm (at ± 10V electrical bias), compared to a resistivity of 1.05 x 1014 μΩ·cm for similar Ga+-deposited dielectric films. A comparison between HMCHS/O2 and TMCTS/O2 dielectric depositions was performed for Ga+ systems, and the HMCHS/O2 depositions were found to be orders of magnitude more resistive than the TMCTS/O2 depositions. The experimental difficulties associated with measuring extremely high-resistance films are also briefly discussed.
Planar Analysis of Copper-Aluminium Intermetallics
Authors: O’Halloran G.M. , van Ijzerloo Arjan , Rongen Rene , Zachariasse Frank
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a quick, reliable, and fully quantitative method of measuring the intermetallic coverage of copper to aluminium bonding at time zero and post reliability stressing. This method is currently used in select manufacturing quality control processes, as well as during product release procedures. By applying this measurement method after various life-tests, it has been possible to collect information on degradation in the copper aluminium system which is currently being used to make a model of the corrosion mechanism in the copper aluminium system.
Laser Voltage Imaging and Its Derivatives—Efficient Techniques to Address Defect on 28 nm Technology
Authors: Parrassin Thierry , Celi Guillaume , Dudit Sylvain , Vallet Michel , Reverdy Antoine , Perdu Philippe , Lewis Dean
Published: December 2020

The Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI) technique, introduced in 2007 [1][2], has been demonstrated as a successful defect localization technique to address problems on advanced technologies. In this paper, several 28nm case studies are described on which the LVI technique and its derivatives provide a real added value to the defect localization part of the Failure Analysis flow. We will show that LVI images can be used as a great reference to improve the CAD alignment overlay accuracy which is critical for advanced technology debug. Then, we will introduce several case studies on 28nm technology on which Thermal Frequency Imaging (TFI) and Second Harmonic Detection (two LVI derivative techniques) allow efficient defect localization.
How to Interpret the Reflected Laser Probe Signal of Multiple Elementary Substructures in Very Deep Submicron Technologies
Authors: Rebaï M.M. , Darracq F. , Lewis D. , Perdu P. , Sanchez K.
Published: December 2020

The constant size reduction of the elementary structures in integrated circuits (ICs) and their increasing complexity pushes laser probing techniques to their limits. For old technologies these techniques were powerful tools in defects detection and internal analysis, but now the major limitations of the laser spot size implies the understanding of the complex information contained in the reflected beam when it covers an area of multiple elementary structures. Knowing the contribution of each elementary structure covered by the laser spot in the reflected laser beam is the key to have a good analysis and interpretation of the probed area. In this paper we will expose the different parameters that modify the intensity of a laser beam and the contribution of a basic structure covered by a big laser spot size as well as the systematic approach we have built to deal with this challenging reflected laser probe signal from multiple elementary substructures in very deep submicron technologies.
Extending Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy Measurements of Semiconductor Devices Using Microwave Impedance Microscopy
Authors: Drevniok Benedict , Dixon-Warren St. John , Amster Oskar , Friedman Stuart L , Yang Yongliang
Published: December 2020

Scanning microwave impedance microscopy was used to analyze a CMOS image sensor sample to reveal details of the dopant profiling in planar and cross-sectional samples. Sitespecific capacitance-voltage spectroscopy was performed on different regions of the samples.
High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography—What Synchrotron Sources Can Bring to 3Di Devices Failure Analysis
Authors: Fraczkiewicz A. , Jouve A. , Mourier T. , Bleuet P. , Capria E. , Cloetens P. , Da Silva J. , Lhostis S. , Lorut F.
Published: December 2020

To get both the resolution and the field of view needed, 3Di devices are characterized in this paper using phase-contrast X-ray tomography performed in a synchrotron source. The paper shows how the synchrotron-based tomography can be routinely used as a tool for failure analysis, and how some strategies can be applied to make those analyses more time-efficient and automatic without any loss of resolution. It presents and assesses the possibilities offered by a synchrotron radiation facility such as European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the field of failure analysis in microelectronics. The paper illustrates those possibilities through two main examples, based on two different types of connection of bottom and top tiers in 3D integration, either thermocompression with copper pillars or hybrid bonding using copper pads. Several strategies have been successfully tested for the data acquisition to be faster and to limit the needed human intervention as much as possible.
The Effects of Using 785 nm for Laser Probing
Authors: Leslie Neel , Nemirow Christopher
Published: December 2020

Visible light probing (VLP) introduced significant spatial resolution improvement by decreasing the wavelength beyond 1064nm. VLP requires thinning the device backside below 10micrometer. Once this challenge is addressed, questions arise regarding invasiveness: how does the laser affect the transistor performance, and how is this manifest in LVx (laser voltage imaging and laser voltage probing) measurements. This paper addresses these questions using a 785nm VLP system. The results are compared with those of 1320nm, 1154nm, and 1064nm when pertinent. It is concluded that changing wavelengths from the traditional 1320nm LVx laser to the visible 785nm laser provides a 40% resolution improvement. Fortunately, decreasing the incident 785nm power eliminates obvious signs of charge-carrier effects. Furthermore, the rise-time is not affected by the laser when measured from the gate.
Laser Voltage Tracing for Electrical Fault Isolation of Circuits Propagating Aperiodic Signals
Authors: Ravikumar V.K. , Ranganathan G. , Phoa S.L. , Pey K.L. , Nemirow C. , Leslie N.
Published: December 2020

Laser voltage imaging (LVI) and its derivatives are established techniques for isolating broken scan/JTAG chains which work on periodic signals, but are ineffective when debugging aperiodic signals. Laser voltage probing (LVP) works on one transistor at a time which makes it slow for certain debug. Laser voltage tracing (LVT), presented recently, has opportunity to perform an area investigation of aperiodic signals. This paper presents a few applications of this technique to fault isolation (FI).