bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High risk of growth cessation of planted larch under extreme drought
Authors: Zhang Xianliang , Li Xue , Manzanedo Rubén D , D’Orangeville Loïc , Lv Pengcheng , Wang Chunkai , Xu Chen , Hou Meiting , Huang Xuanrui , Rademacher Tim
Published: December 2020

Larch trees are widely used in afforestation and timber plantations. Yet, little is known on how planted larch trees cope with increasing drought. We used a tree-ring network of 818 trees from 31 plantations spanning most of the distribution of Larix principis-rupprechtii to investigate how extreme drought influences larch radial growth in northern China. We found that summer drought, rather than temperature or precipitation, had the strongest relationship with radial growth throughout the region. Drought increased in frequency in recent decades, leaving a strong imprint on the radial growth of larch, particularly in dry sites. Across its distribution, radial growth in larch trees that experienced extreme droughts more frequently displayed lower resistance to drought, but higher recovery after it, suggesting these populations were better adapted to extreme droughts. Radial growth decreased with increasing drought, with particularly severe declines below a threshold Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) value of −3 to −3.5. Extreme droughts (PDSI < −4.5) caused a reduction of 62% of radial growth and chronic drought events caused around 20% reduction in total radial growth compared with mean growth on the driest sites. Given that current climate projections for northern China indicate a strong increase in the frequency and severity of extreme drought, trees in large portions of the largest afforestation project in the world, particularly those in the drier edge, are likely to experience severe growth reductions in the future.
Study on energy saving of air conditioning frequency conversion and speed regulation in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter areas
Authors: Huang Yu
Published: December 2020

In order to meet the comfort and environmental protection and energy saving requirements of residential buildings, This paper puts forward a research method for energy saving of air conditioning in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter areas. According to the characteristics of hot winter and warm winter climate and energy consumption of large shopping malls, it analyzes several energy saving modes of air conditioning in large public buildings, simulates and analyzes the energy consumption of air conditioning in residential buildings under different room temperature conditions, optimizes the algorithm of air conditioning frequency conversion energy consumption in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter areas, and standardizes the evaluation mode of air conditioning frequency conversion energy consumption in public buildings. And put forward relevant optimization suggestions. Finally, the experimental results show that the energy-saving effect of air conditioning frequency conversion speed regulation in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter areas is very obvious, and it is worth popularizing.
Research on the reconstruction of old residential quarters based on the concept of sustainable development
Authors: Zhang Weixin , Xu Yang , Wu Chang
Published: December 2020

According to the problem of sustainable development after the reconstruction of old residential quarters, this paper analyses the community cases of Electric Power Design Institute in Wuhan and Jinsong community in Beijing. Then, through the investigation of the reconstruction of them, the paper summarizes sustainable development community design mode, and extracts the key factors affecting the sustainable development of the reconstruction, so as to provide sustainable reference for the follow-up guidance of more reasonable reconstruction and design of old residential quarters, and to improve the urban renewal.
Planning and Exploration of “Tourism + Folklore” Development Model in Yanbian, China from the Perspective of “Global Tourism”
Authors: Dong Minghang , Jin Guanghu
Published: December 2020

During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, China’s tourism industry developed rapidly and has now become a pillar industry of China’s national economy. As a new economic growth point, it is called “the rising industry that will never end”. With such a good development prospect, Yanbian, China will firmly grasp the opportunity, take the entire Yanbian, China as a whole, create a development model of “tourism + folklore” from the perspective of “global tourism”, enrich the content of “tourism consumption” through the core of folklore characteristics, seek new development in tourism in the new era, and establish a regional overall planning, urban-rural integration, transportation network covering the whole area and complete infrastructure and service system. Through the promotion and promotion of tourism, the regional economic value and industrial environment will be enhanced, the overall characteristic image of Yanbian, China will be created, and the diversified development of regional economy will be promoted.
An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for the three gorges project operation optimization
Authors: Tian Y , Geng S M , Zhang Z B , Zhang S H , Ye Y T
Published: December 2020

The paper presents an algorithm combining simplex downhill search particle swarm optimization (SDSPSO) for solving reservoir operation optimization (ROO) problems, with a new search strategy: reflecting the worst particle through the particle swarm centroid to generate a new particle and guiding the evolution direction of each particle. The ROO problem is a complicated dynamically constrained nonlinear, non-convex optimization problem that is important for reservoir operation system, consisting of continuous control variables. The proposed algorithm is examined on Three Gorges Project (TGP) that provided a better operational effect result with greater effectiveness and obtains more power generation with lower insurance rate reservoir sum runoff.
Study on the oil spill risk of 10,000 dwt multi-purpose wharf in the Chengao harbor area, Sandu bay, Ningde city
Authors: Lin F , Wei D Z , Liu Y S , Zhou J H
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of marine industry, oil spill accidents occur frequently, which have a great impact on the ecology and economy. The research on oil spill risk has become the focus. In this paper, taking Sandu bay, Ningde city as an example, a comprehensive oil spill risk study is carried out based on the method of probability statistics, risk matrix and numerical simulation, and relevant suggestions are put forward for the prevention and treatment of oil spill accidents.
A systematic review of water resources in Yellow River Basin of China
Authors: Pan T , Jiang R G , Xie J C , Liu Y Y , Wang Y P
Published: December 2020

This paper reviews the literature on the Yellow River Basin’s water resources from 2000 to 2019 based on the Web of Science. The annual publication, source country and source journal are analyzed using SATI4.0. The nonhomogeneous linear difference equation, comprehensive score analysis and Bradford’s law are used for fundamental analysis. CiteSpace is used for co-occurrence analysis and burst detection of noun phrases. Finally, Carrot2 is used to cluster the literature to get a knowledge framework for the research. Results showed that: (1) The research process of water resources in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) can be divided into three stages. This topic will continue to flourish in the future. (2) The research covers a wide range of contents, which mainly includes runoff changes, runoff-sediment relationship, water resources allocation, disaster response, the impact of human activities and climate change, as well as ecological protection and sustainable development. Human activities and the impact of climate change are the focus of research. (3) In the future, scholars should adhere to the belief of green and sustainable development of YRB and focus on the study of the Loess Plateau.
High-resolution precipitation simulation with WRF for the Three-River Headwaters region in China
Authors: Li X D , Wang Y Q , Tian L , Xu J J , Qu S M , Wei F C , Pan X
Published: December 2020

The Three-River Headwater Region (TRHR), also known as China “Water Tower”. It is a sensitive region to climate change and plays a critical role in the hydrology circulation and ecological conservation of the Tibet Plateau. Climate change are greatly impacting the climate of this region. However, there exists large biases in the precipitation simulation for this region. In this study, we explored the impact of resolution and physical schemes on precipitation simulation over the TRHR. The results show that a high resolution is necessary for the precipitation modelling over the TRHR with a complex terrain. The precipitation modelling over the TRHR are sensitive to microphysics schemes and cumulus schemes. The microphysics scheme mainly determines the magnitude of simulated precipitation over the TRHR. The cumulus schemes largely influence the spatial distribution of simulated precipitation over the TRHR. Based on the sensitivity tests, we proposed an optimized combination of parameterization schemes that can remarkably improve the accuracy of simulated precipitation over the TRHR. This study is helpful to understand the mechanism of precipitation formation over the TRHR.
Degradation of ketoprofen using iron-supported ZSM-5 catalyst via heterogeneous Fenton oxidation
Authors: Azusano I P I , Caparanga A R , Chen B H
Published: December 2020

Heterogeneous Fenton oxidation provides an alternative method of degrading ketoprofen from wastewater. The purpose of this study is investigate the degradation of ketoprofen using iron-supported ZSM5 zeolite catalyst. Iron was impregnated into ZSM5 via the impregnation method, with loading variation of 1wt% and 3.5wt% Fe/ZSM5. Characterization of the catalyst was performed using XRD, SEM, ICP-OES, TGA, BET and TPD. Batch degradation reaction were performed with a working volume of 100 mL ketoprofen solution, mechanically stirred at 900 rpm. Amount of H2O2 used was equivalent to 11 times (in excess) the required stoichiometric amount for ketoprofen mineralization. Catalyst loading was varied between 1 g/L and 4 g/L. HPLC was utilized in determining ketoprofen concentration in the solution during the degradation reaction. Ketoprofen degradation of 100% was observed after 20 minutes using catalyst with 3.5% weight at 4 g/L loading. Iron leaching was also measured using ICP-OES to compare the amount of iron leached between heterogeneous and homogenous Fenton reaction. Percentage of iron leached showed 8.93% and 57.09% for heterogeneous and homogenous Fenton reaction, respectively. The study showed promising results in degrading ketoprofen using an iron-supported ZSM5 via the heterogeneous Fenton reaction with lower iron leaching percentage compared to homogenous Fenton reaction.
Technical and economic challenges for Arctic Coastal settlements due to melting of ice and permafrost in the Arctic
Authors: Gudmestad O T
Published: December 2020

The safety of Arctic coastal villages/settlements is of concern due to melting of the ice cover and the permafrost in the Arctic. The immediate concerns for Arctic coastal settlements are due to a number of causes. These causes can be listed as follows: increased distances of open seas during the storm season, larger storm surges due to longer distances of open water without ice cover, larger waves due to longer fetch lengths, increased permafrost melting caused by warmer summer seasons, larger erosion of melted shoreline, increased number of storms causing accumulation of storm erosion effects, large flooding events destroying houses and facilities as well as infrastructure and fresh water reservoirs. There will be possible offshore slides due to melting of offshore permafrost with potential for tsunami generation, and riverbanks will erode due to the melting of permafrost. Slides caused by increased wetness (for example quick clay slides) will occur and housing and water reservoirs will be damaged. Furthermore, the winter seasons are shorter where winter roads can be utilized and the seasons for hunting from the ice cover is shorter. There will be economic losses for the villages/settlements due to changing climate and in the case of needed relocation of the villages, the economic costs are huge. The paper discusses the effects of these concerns and will suggest certain mitigating measures, which only to a limited extent can relieve the situation. The ultimate solution will be relocation of the inhabitants and in some cases the settlement may be relocated to safe location further inland.
Analysis of influencing factors on the discharge parameters of irrigation canal in Zhejiang province
Authors: Zhang Y D , Lu C , Zheng S Z , Wu Z C
Published: December 2020

Water measurement through standard cross-section is one of the main methods of water measuring of irrigation canal. This paper takes Zhejiang Province as an example, and calibrates 16 canal standard cross-sections of 5 irrigation areas, and uses the curve of water level-discharge relation and the power function formula to fit coefficient “K” and index “u”, and applies the linear regression method to analyze the influence of canal width, slope and lining type on the flow parameters. The results show that the coefficient “K” of canal standard cross-section range from 0.6986 to 4.7035, and the index “u” range from 1.3334 to 2.6376. The discharge parameters are positively correlated with canal width and slope, and are negatively correlated with canal roughness.
Social water environment governance innovation in China driven by big data: Frontier trends, dilemma challenges and optimization paths
Authors: Liu F , Xu H H , Miao W
Published: December 2020

The iterative development of big data technology has been deeply applied in the field of social water environment governance, and has shown a number of cutting-edge and characteristic trends. Big data technology and thinking promote the transformation of governance concepts to integration, the governance subject to diversification and coordination, the governance field to new-type expansion, and the governance structure to an integrated transformation in the society’s water environment. At the same time, there are challenges in data quality and decision-making quality, data validation and national security, data standards and structural reforms, data innovation and application in social water environment governance driven by big data. In the future, the government needs to further strengthen the top-level design, move towards the overall governance of the water environment, fill in the legislative gaps, clarify the ownership of water environment data, increase innovative applications, tap the potential of water environment data, and provide Chinese wisdom for international water environment governance.
Numerical simulation on cold water discharge of Nanshan LNG project in Longkou
Authors: Yao S S , Zhang Z
Published: December 2020

Taking Nanshan LNG project as background, a 2-D numerical model based on the hydrodynamics and advection-diffusion equation is used to simulate the tidal current field and temperature diffusion caused by the cold water discharge, the distribution of temperature diffusion is predicted, the envelope area of the maximum temperature drop and the temperature drop of water intake are counted. Calculating results show that: (1) tidal current shows a typical reciprocating characteristic in the project area, the outlet is located in the shallow reef area south of the breakwater, with the background velocity less than 0.2m/s; (2) the temperature diffusion distance along the north-south direction is longer than that in the east-west direction. The maximum envelope area of temperature drop more than1°C is less than 0.25km2; (3) Cold water discharge has little effect on the inlet, and the maximum temperature drop at the inlet is 0.68°C, so the layout of outlet is reasonable and feasible. The conclusions can provide technical support to the local government for decision-making.
Facing climate change: Environmental evaluation of gypsum-like CO2 utilization Mg-based materials
Authors: Liu Y J , Wang L , Kang Y W , Fang J R , Liu J Q
Published: December 2020

The product environmental assessment quantifies possible further improvements during the life cycle of a product, from flue gas extraction, through adsorption, carbonation, rinsing, activation and utilization. In this study, the carbon footprint, water footprint and energy footprint of magnesium carbonate product (MCC) has been estimated, following the life cycle assessment method. Though the analysis, the species of alkali, efficiency of alkali using, seawater desalination technology and substitution ratio have strongly influenced on the overall CO2 footprint, water footprint and energy footprint balance of the CO2 mineralization process. Several scenarios using ammonia or waste alkali would produce a negative carbon footprint MCC material, to substitute plasterboard. Energy consumption for scenarios with 100% substitution is -2 MJ to 14 MJ per kg of final MCC for scenarios using waste alkali.
Effectiveness of alhagi maurorum as natural coagulant aid in grey wastewater treatment study
Authors: Jaeel A J
Published: December 2020

The Alhagi Maurorum (AM) is used as a coagulant aid to support the action of coagulant factor in grey water treatment; alum could be accounted as the mean chemical coagulant and Alhagi Maurorum (in two separated forms: powdered and extracted liquid) as the coagulant aid. A series of experiments were managed to find the optimum dosage of AM and optimum pH condition so as to achieve higher removal efficiencies for the contaminants such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) originated in synthetic grey wastewater. Using AM as an extracted liquid was better than the powdered form. The results showed that the combination of 40 mg/l of alum and 1.0 ml/L of extracted liquid AM achieved reduction efficiency for (Turbidity, COD and TSS) by (98%, 92%, 95%) at pH=10. The results showed the possibility of the application of AM as natural coagulant. The positive impact or possibility of the application of AM as natural coagulant
Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in Erhai Lake Basin, southwest China
Authors: Chen J , Wu C
Published: December 2020

In order to identity the ecological-sensitive region in Erhai Lake basin and to supply theoretical assistance for related eco-environmental protection planning, the ecological sensitivity in Erhai Lake basin was assessed and analysed based on the Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and comprehensive-factor ecological sensitivity evaluation method. The results showed that the ecological sensitivity had the positive correlation relationship with terrain fluctuation but had the negative correlation relationship with vegetation coverage and the width of the waters buffer zone. The multifactorial comprehensive ecological sensitivity in Erhai Lake basin held the changing trend from the land to waters, which varied from low sensitivity, moderate sensitivity to high sensitivity. On the foundation of the above results, the waters buffer zone within 100 meters should be more paid attention to in the ecological protection planning. If the transition zone between waters and land was protected well, the waters buffer zone within 100 meters could play a great role in the ecological function of purification and remediation, and biodiversity conservation.
The Effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on New Product Development (NPD): A Future Scenario
Authors: Elif Karakoylu P. , Kural Aslı G. , Gulden Selin
Published: December 2020

In the future, artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to encounter users in many areas. Today, there is research on these and also products that consist of extensive interactions with the application. In the context of the concept of new product development (NPD), we focus on what kind of scenario the user expects in the future, given the current resources, applied surveys and data collection base, while addressing the impact of artificial intelligence on developing and growing products. Our survey results with Generation Z show how digital assistants created by the influence of artificial intelligence connect with the user and how these assistants will meet with the user in the future. It was concluded that the participants wanted to be friends with the product they were using in line with their answers to open-ended questions. In line with this result, we designed a product based on predictions and developed a future scenario with this product. The future scenario developed has been in the direction of supporting the survey results that we apply to the users.
Shaping the Cultural Space of a City on the Example of History of the Lock IV Theatre in Bydgoszcz
Authors: Grześkow Iga
Published: December 2020

The search for ways to develop a separate identity of a city has always involved providing a significant character to urban spaces. Nowadays, in the process of accelerated change and excessive growth, cities lose their individual character and become similar to each other. The elements that create an image of a city are public spaces and cultural and natural heritage. The indicated features of spatial forms and the manifestations of life associated with them allow the recognition of the sequence of city areas and identification with specific places. According to Kevin Lynch, elements of urban composition create cultural identity and symbols of collective memory. The aim of the article is to take up current research issues in the field of urban studies, on the example of history and creation of surroundings of the IV Lock Theatre in Bydgoszcz, in the area of the Old Canal. Assuming that this space creates identity of the place, an analysis was made concerning the architectural and compositional connections of public spaces with greenery in the theatre’s surroundings. In the last 200 years, until the outbreak of World War II in Poland, the process of individualizing this area was subject to conscious, comprehensive planning activities, which affected the image of the entire city. In the area surrounding the IV Lock Theater, which is the main object of research studies, numerous entertainment venues were created, including restaurants and garden cafes, playgrounds for children and adults, and sports fields. Process of degradation of this part of quays began after World War II, and its almost complete destruction took place after the decision to backfill a fragment of the Old Canal in the 1970s. Demolitions included historic locks and a stone bridge of Władysław IV, connecting the Trinity street with Grunwaldzka street, and boulevard layout was broken by removing over 100 historic trees. Currently, attempts to restore the significance and importance of this space are closely related to an initiative to reactivate the IV Lock Theatre in Bydgoszcz. Analyzing the architectural and compositional connections of public spaces around the theater in the context of this historical object as well as the revitalized space will show the directions of further shaping the cultural space of this part of Bydgoszcz, which is important for restoring an image of a city by the water.
The Role of Green Public Spaces of the Old Canal in Downtown Bydgoszcz and Its Impact on the City’s Cultural Landscape in 1773 – 1971
Authors: Grześkow Iga
Published: December 2020

One of the important roles of greenery in public spaces of cities is to shape and complement, on a par with architectural objects, the image of the city and building its identity. Identity is the existence of a physical reflection of the nature of history and the traditions of the city and its inhabitants or urban community, distinguishing them from other places and communities. Through conscious, rational and professional activities creating urban tissue, spatial order is achieved, which forms the basis of the identity of cities and determines their quality. Each city, developing its own social and cultural image, resulting from both history and tradition, as well as changes taking place, should cultivate its separate image. The greenery also decides about the identity of the urban space as the aforementioned factors. They are important in individualising and shaping his landscape. Harmoniously composed and decorated green areas also decide about creating the character of the city and urban spaces. Competition for urban areas and for economic spheres of influence, underestimation of the role of spatial planning, marketization of all activities and spatial chaos as a result - these are factors that have pushed into the background the priority of conscious urban landscape shaping, including greenery in the city center of Bydgoszcz. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of green public spaces with against the background of the history of the creation and significance of the Old Canal along with the regard to the history and significance of the Old Canal along with the process of individualizing the cultural image of Bydgoszcz over the last 200 years. Used in the past, urban composition solutions can be a reference for new studies and planning activities in this area of the city.
Structural Analysis of Gradačac Clock Tower Aiming Towards Intervention in Preserving Authenticity
Authors: Čaušević Amir , Rustempašić Nerman , Akšamija Lemja , Avdić Dženis
Published: December 2020

Old masonry towers, in all their variety – be it a bell tower, a city tower, clock tower, inhabited residential towers, and/or guard/watchtowers – can be found all around the world representing typical urban centre feature, and in some cases –they are the countryside panorama landmark. Statics analysis and calculation are the first steps towards engineering interventions on cultural and historical heritage buildings. In the structural analysis of clock towers, the typical critical points and places where crucial damages that could lead to the collapse, are expected are in the top sections of the building - where the oscillation amplitude reaches its maximal value. Effect on building structure is observed concerning the oscillation frequency and building’s own frequency and energy, which can explain why minaret towers and high slim towers, in some cases, can better withstand earthquakes than extremely rigid buildings; given that the resonance, low-quality materials and other factors can lead to the vulnerability of a building structure. This type of building is designed on a simple, regular shape ground plan, or, in other words, the towers have a symmetrical ground plan and uniformly distributed mass and height. The second statement provides that, depending on building materials used and the cross-section dimensions, towers can be very heavy, which can cause the appearance of significant inertia forces during earthquake oscillations. If there’s mass eccentricity, the horizontal loads could tip the building over. Gradačac clock tower’s load-bearing structural walls are built with masonry stone blocks. The vertical loads are, via slabs and wooden beams, conducted to the walls and down to the foundations. Foundation structure consists of a slab, 80cm thick, positioned at -8.25m which sits on a well-compacted layer of soil. Wooden staircases are used for vertical transportation between storeys. Structural analysis calculation is based on a 3D model of a building and is performed by using the finite elements method (FEM) in Tower calculation software. The requirements for the authenticity in preservation actions imply that the interpretation and the presentation must correlate with basic authenticity principles, in compliance to Nara document (ICOMOS, 1994), protecting cultural values, from both – the hazardous influences of intrusive infrastructure and load of visitors, and incorrect and inappropriate interpretations.
Some Aspects of Anthropotechnical Safety Management Concept
Authors: Kazaryan Ruben
Published: December 2020

The basic model of management and planning strategy is the triad: “goals and objectives” - “conceptual programs, courses of action and sets of rules for decision-making” - “resources”. The strategy is also considered as the unity of five components (“pentad”): plan; sample, model, template; positioning; perspective; “trick”, i.e. a distracting manoeuvre. There are different manners of developing strategies and concepts: upon the fact of a pathogenically detected and already occurred problematic emergency; as a result of predicting the possibility of an emergency before its occurrence and with a desire to guarantee the anthropotechnical safety of functioning and the quality of life of a person, social groups and society as a whole. The destabilizing factors that arise in investment construction projects during the construction phase are of particular importance. The questionnaire-based survey of experts is used to determine these factors, their impact on the ultimate goals of the project that construction participants may encounter when implementing investment construction projects. Distribution of destabilizing factors by type, classification, and spreading them among a number of local public and private enterprises working in the construction sector is one of the important areas of anthropotechnical safety. Actions and resources, which seem safe at the moment, can cause emergencies and consequences in their unpredictable combinations. The study of this problem is an urgent task of the near future and one of the fundamental areas of anthropotechnics.
Study Regarding the Possibility of Use the Alternative High Efficiency Systems for Increasing Energy Performance in Suburban Areas
Authors: Girbaciu Alina , Girbaciu Cristian , Dumitru Petre-Pavel , Marinela Lucut
Published: December 2020

Energy efficiency is often characterized as the most valuable form of energy, since it reduces costs and the negative impact on the environment associated with energy consumption, but also the dependence on energy imports. The highest potential for increasing energy efficiency in Romania is found in the heating of buildings, in the transformation of primary energy resources into electricity. In Romania, 86% of the built area is represented by residential buildings. From the 8.1 million housing units, single-family homes are dominant, accounting for 61% of these. The article aims to highlight the importance of investments in rural areas in order to increase energy efficiency. The energy from renewable sources is not adequately considered in the rural development programming exercise. The energy efficiency measures provide medium-term gain opportunities and long, by promoting saving solutions by reducing production and consumption costs, reducing the environmental impact and at the same time ensuring the promotion of economic and social development. The results of this study show the possibility of developing the “what-if” analysis, which can help the decision makers to choose the best adaptation strategy. In order to be able to make the best investment decisions in equipment and choose the right energy sources, consumers need access to the alternative energy sources (especially in rural areas) and quality information on the options they have and to financing opportunities. Soon, it will be necessary to support the cogeneration systems based on biomass and biogas in semi-urban areas, with the centralized distribution of the thermal agent.
Building Problems in Architectonic Heritage and Geotourism: Is there a Connection?
Authors: Rosendahl Stefan , Gonçalves Marta Marçal
Published: December 2020

Architectonic heritage buildings attract millions of tourists for many reasons: their beauty, history, style, art, location, and so on. Presently, this list is being supplemented by the touristic exploration of the construction material, with particular emphasis on the natural stones. This material is the aim of urban geotourism because it can give precious information about its age, origin, paleo-environment, as well as its provenience, way of exploitation, transport, treatment and finally degradation by weathering, among others. Therefore, the study of the construction stones of heritage buildings constitutes a complement to the “classical” cultural items which are shown and presented during a visit. A particular segment in geotouristic activities may be the presentation of building problems to the visitors. There are many examples in this field, like moisture or cracks in the walls, unusual solutions in construction, disintegration of stones, and so on. These problems can have various causes: the capillary rise of groundwater in a wall, the lack of construction material, the heterogeneous composition of the substrate, the seismic activity, the weathering of material, to name but a few. For a visitor interested in science and technology, the knowledge of the problems, their origin and their solution (or, at least, the attempt of their solution) may be an unforgettable experience. The purpose of the work is to open a new point of view to architectonic heritage and its building problems, which can be used and explained in touristic activities. For this, mainly qualitative non-interventionist and participatory methodologies are applied. As a result, there will be the situation that the damage in one part leads to a profit in the other. This ambiguity may be resolved by considering that better knowledge about the state of the heritage building, which is made accessible to a larger public, will contribute to its preservation. So, the main conclusion is that geotourism applied to architectonic heritage and its problems is an important support to its maintenance because of the dissemination of the knowledge of what may happen with the construction material. Likewise, the knowledge acquired during a geotouristic visit may help to avoid similar problems in other buildings.
Evaluation of the influence of brown coal operation on the landscape shaping and the environment protection
Authors: Opania Szymon
Published: December 2020

The article concerns the assessment of the new landscape and spatial effects of brown coal mining areas transformation of in the region of the Lower Lusatia in eastern Germany, in the context of the region’s changes taking place after Internationale Bauausstellung (IBA) Fürst-Pückler-Land 2000-2010. IBA Fürst-Pückler-Land functioned in 2000-2010 as the institution responsible for determining the direction of the transformation of Lower Lusatia. A region dominated by the brown coal mining industry, with a declining population and an unimaginably degraded landscape. The assessment, from the perspective of 20 years from the commenced process, raises research questions: in what part the assumed strategic goals were met, one of which was a development towards industrial heritage tourism and is the process initiated earlier perhaps still ongoing? The research method involved the use of planning tools such as: graphic interpretation of the resources of Geoportal.de and Google Earth Pro, analysis of data provided by: Lausitzer and Mitteldeutsche Bergbau-Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (LMBV) and research trips in the years 2006-2019. Conclusions from the research are formulated through the prism of the European Landscape Convention [1], in which the postulate of treating landscape as an integrated term, consisting not only of natural and cultural elements but also human, is important. This approach provides the basis for establishing the rightness of transformations of post-industrial landscapes in the “pro-tourist” directions ensuring the connectivity of all elements using initiatives in the field of “industrial heritage tourism”. In situ studies have shown that the transformation process has not been completed and is still ongoing, and the assumed effects are still far from expected. Tourism of industrial heritage may be an interesting “combination” of industrial areas in the European service economy. However, given the scale of the impact of the energy industry and its importance for the development of the whole country, its impact on regional restructuring may be limited. At present, care for the environment and its repair are more important in the context of improving living conditions along with the implementation of the postulates of using alternative energy sources. And modern use of the industrial heritage for other economic activities than just tourism can be an important alternative for the development of the region.
Constructions for the Protection of Underground Water against Pollution, in Warehouse Deposit Areas
Authors: Tudor Magda Clara , Grozav Adia
Published: December 2020

Groundwater pollution can occur from the emission of a pollutant through the soil, which then interacts at biotic and abiotic levels entering the food chain and reaching directly or indirectly to humans. Such a pollutant can be represented by the deposition of household residues. The water infiltrated by these deposits and then by their sole and flanks is an important source of pollution of groundwater with the most serious effects. By virtue of this concept, for the protection of the groundwater in the area of household waste deposits, it is proposed to adopt a “clean technology” for the implementation of complex deposition improvements, which will prevent the appearance of pollutants, initially in the most important urban areas, and for the future generalization of these improvements in other localities. The essential elements of this complex arrangement of household waste depots refer to: the sealing system of the base layer which integrates a safety gallery from which checks and repairs are made; deep sealing walls that do not allow the circulation of the groundwater located below the deposit site so that in case of infiltration of some polluting substances in this area, their area of influence is limited; the sealing system that limits the flow of water infiltrating through the deposits and avoids air pollution with substances resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of household waste. Above the combined sealing system, it realizes a system of streams of granular material of φ 16-32 mm, casts the distance of about 20 m, to capture the infiltration water and to conduct it by gravitational flow spreading collector. For this purpose, the streams will have a minimum slope of 1%.
Mixed Finite Element Method for Geometrically Nonlinear Buckling Analysis of Truss with Member Length Imperfection
Authors: Bich Quyen Vu Thi , Tien Dao Ngoc , Lan Huong Nguyen Thi
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on the numerical method for the geometrically nonlinear buckling analysis of truss with initial member length imperfection. The solution of nonlinear buckling problem of truss with imperfection using a displacement-based finite element is dependent on the imperfection implemented. Generally, the operation of incorporating the initial imperfection to the master stiffness equation develops by master-slave elimination method, penalty augmentation method or Lagrange multiplier adjunction methods. Obviously, the initial imperfection considerably increases the difficulty in finite element formulation nonlinear buckling problem. This research proposes a novel approach to formulate the nonlinear buckling problem of truss with imperfection using mixed finite element method. The mixed balanced equation of truss is formulated using the principle of stationary potential energy. The paper presents novel mixed finite truss element, including initial member length imperfection, considering large displacement. Using the arc length technique, the research develops a new incremental-iterative algorithm for solving the nonlinear buckling problem of truss with initial imperfection in different cases of model formulation, including displacement-based finite element and mixed finite element formulation. The numerical test is presented to investigate the equilibrium path for plan truss with initial member length imperfection. The calculation results in solving problem formulated in both displacement and mixed finite model are converged showing the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method.
Treatment of Nonlinear Multi Freedom Boundary Constraints in Finite Element Analysis of Frame System using Lagrange Multiplier Method
Authors: Bich Quyen Vu Thi , Tien Dao Ngoc , Lan Huong Nguyen Thi
Published: December 2020

This paper is concerned with the treatment of nonlinear multi-freedom and multi-point boundary condition in finite element analysis of frame system. The treatment of boundary constraints is required to produce modified system of equation based on master stiffness equations considering nonlinear multi freedom constraints. The nonlinear constraints considerably increases the difficulty in constructing and solving the modified system of equations. Generally, the operation of imposing multi-freedom constraints can be developed using master-slave elimination, penalty augmentation or Lagrange multiplier adjunction methods. The master-slave method is useful only for simple cases but exhibits serious shortcomings for treating arbitrary constraints. The penalty method has difficulty in selecting appropriate weight values that balance solution accuracy with the violation of constraint conditions. In present work the Lagrange multiplier adjunction methods is employed and endowed with possibility of substitution and works particularly well for nonlinear constraints. The incremental-iterative algorithm based on Crisfield arc-length method is proposed to solve the nonlinear modified system of equation. Based on the presented algorithm, the paper proposed calculation procedure and established programs for determining internal forces and displacements of frames having nonlinear multi-freedom constrains condition. The numerical test examples are presented to investigate load-displacement and load-internal relationship of system having nonlinear multi freedom constraints. The calculation results show the efficiency and convergence of proposed algorithm.
Influence of Graphite Oxide Addition on the Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites
Authors: Záleská Martina , Pivák Adam , Pavlíková Milena , Jankovský Ondřej , Pavlík Zbyšek
Published: December 2020

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) is as an eco-friendly construction material used in industrial as well as in residential applications thanks to its better performance in comparison with Portland cement (PC) considered. Magnesium oxychloride cement composites formed during the reaction between light-burned magnesium oxide powder and magnesium chloride solution, belong to non-hydraulic materials and offer the advantage of high early strength and low porosity. These performances could, however, be further improved by incorporating of selected nanomaterials. This paper therefore presents an experimental investigation of magnesium oxychloride cement paste with graphite oxide admixture. The chemical composition of raw light-burned magnesium oxide powder was analysed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the morphology of graphite oxide was characterised using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Graphite oxide (GO) was added into the mixture in a concentration of 0.5 wt. %. Subsequently, the influence of GO on the properties of hardened MOC paste was analysed in terms of its bulk density, specific density, open porosity and compressive and flexural strength measurement. The characterisation of studied pastes using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was done as well. It was found that the presence of GO significantly enhanced the flexural strength, decreased the open porosity and slightly improved the compressive strength compared to the plain MOC paste. The obtained results suggest that with the addition of graphite oxide to magnesium oxychloride cement, MOC-based nanocomposites intended for civil engineering can be developed. These are characterised by high strength and low porosity, which is particularly important for reduction of moisture related damage.
The Modernist Residential Buildings of Lodz - Tenement Houses
Authors: Przewłocka-Sionek Renata
Published: December 2020

In the history of city construction, the process of previously existing buildings has always taken place. Buildings were always adjusted to the changing utility, as well as technical needs. Inner-city tenement houses erected in the years 1918-1938 became the topic of this article. The residential buildings of Lodz which appeared during the interwar period are still relatively well preserved. These objects are strongly rooted in the city’s current landscape. The images of these buildings are dependent on the awareness and aesthetic sense of their current owners and residents. The discussed structures crystallize the city’s space and builds its identity. The author attempts to show, through particular examples, the changes which are taking place, as well as their influence on their surroundings; she tries to zoom in on their current function and appearance. This paper constitutes a type of a report from own research, based on information collected during filed studies and analyzing available literature.
Storm-water Management in Industrial Areas in Built-Up Area and Non-Built-Up Areas of Localities
Authors: Cotoarba Liliana , Florescu Cosntantin , Badaluta Codruţa , Visescu Mircea
Published: December 2020

The theme of the paper is managing the storm-waters of industrial areas located in built-up and non-built-up areas of localities. In order to better administer the storm-water in localities, it is necessary to have a study on water management of these rainfall waters, in which a plan of implementing it will be included. Until the implementation of these studies, the water management of rainfall waters in the industrial areas will be carried out independently, but which must consider the solutions provided for it, in the study for each locality. The storm-water sewerage system for industrial areas must consider: the location of the objective towards the locality, the nature of the land, the existing sewage system of the locality, the existence of water courses and the drains in the studied area. The most optimal technical solutions for the collection, storage, treatment and disposal/use of meteoric waters from industrial zone premises shall be analyzed.