bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolución productiva de la agroindustria azucarera de Morelos durante el siglo XIX: una propuesta de periodización
Authors: Sánchez Santiró Ernest
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo se plantea un análisis y cuestionamiento de las propuestas de periodización de la producción azucarera en el centro de México durante el siglo XIX, ubicada básicamente en los valles azucareros del estado de Morelos, gracias a diversos trabajos aparecidos en la última década. A partir de ellos se cuestiona el panorama general de crisis establecido para el periodo 1810-1868, lo cual repercute en la forma en que se aprecia y valora los grandes cambios técnicos y productivos vividos por la agroindustria morelense en el porfiriato.
Nueva luz sobre viejos problemas: incidencia de la cuantificación en la historiografía sobre la industria temprana en Uruguay
Authors: Rodríguez Weber Javier E.
Published: November 2015

El trabajo analiza la influencia que la introducción de métodos cuantitativos ha tenido en la historiografía de la industria temprana en Uruguay. Se distinguen dos etapas articuladas por un periodo transicional. Sostenemos que la difusión entre historiadores económicos de métodos cuantitativos y, en particular, la estimación de series de producto total e industrial, provocó un viraje en la forma de abordar la industria anterior a 1930. Si bien permanecen los antiguos problemas –como la importancia del proteccionismo–, se modifica el tipo de evidencia utilizada, y se cuestiona la tesis central y la periodización de la historiografía anterior. Según esta, la industria temprana creció al amparo de las leyes proteccionistas y en el entorno de las crisis internacionales. La historiografía cuantitativa sostiene que esto no se constata en las estimaciones de producto y destaca la importancia de la economía en su conjunto y los encadenamientos provenientes del sector exportador.
Estrategias de inversión y prácticas de transmisión patrimonial en el siglo XIX. Los Frías, una familia de la elite tucumana (Argentina)
Authors: Herrera Claudia Elina
Published: November 2015

La evolución del patrimonio y las estrategias de inversión de una familia de la elite tucumana se examina a través de dos generaciones a fin de determinar la vía de acumulación del capital reinvertido en la industria azucarera, hacia mediados del siglo XIX. ¿Cómo se origina y evoluciona el capital y el poder político de una familia representativa de la elite azucarera argentina con trascendencia nacional? Este estudio de caso permite analizar la cuestión mediante diferentes estrategias: la compra de temporalidades de los jesuitas; la acumulación de capitales a través del comercio local y de exportación; la cría y exportación de ganado mular a Bolivia; la fundación del ingenio azucarero; las inversiones inmobiliarias; las alianzas matrimoniales; las prácticas en el reparto patrimonial, y las redes entre el poder central y local, durante la consolidación del sistema político nacional.
La irrupción del liberalismo fiscal en Nueva España: la contribución directa general y extraordinaria (1813-1815)
Authors: Sánchez Santiró Ernest
Published: November 2015

El artículo analiza la introducción de la contribución directa general y extraordinaria en Nueva España en 1813, como muestra de una de las tantas iniciativas que adoptó el régimen virreinal en aras de allegarse recursos para combatir a la insurgencia. El trabajo expone los orígenes, evolución y ulterior fracaso de una reforma fiscal que representó la irrupción del impuesto sobre la renta, bajo parámetros modernos, en el marco de la transición del antiguo régimen al liberalismo.
Del dicho al hecho. El “modelo integrado y abierto” de Aldo Ferrer y la política económica en la Argentina de la segunda posguerra
Authors: Rougier Voilláz Marcelo N. , Odisio Juan Carlos
Published: November 2015

Este artículo tiene el propósito de reflexionar sobre los conceptos de Aldo Ferrer, sus aportes al pensamiento económico latinoamericano y los impactos que tuvieron sus ideas cuando se pusieron en práctica, al ser designado ministro en 1970. Analizamos el “modelo integrado y abierto” que Ferrer elaboró en los sesenta como la estrategia para superar el subdesarrollo y la dependencia de Argentina. Comenzamos presentando la evolución de sus ideas previas sobre los problemas de la economía argentina, en particular industriales, para analizar luego los supuestos y principales variables de su propuesta. En tercer lugar, consideramos el amplio debate entre economistas locales que suscitó su postura, que en parte guió la aplicación de políticas económicas hasta 1976. Por último, señalamos el efecto perdurable que tuvo la aplicación de sus ideas sobre la estructura empresaria e industrial del país.
Una cuestión de intereses: entre Benito, Maximiliano y Porfirio. La reforma liberal y la liberalización de tasas de interés en Yucatán, 1850-1900
Authors: Levy Juliette
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se analiza el efecto del fin del mutuo usurario en los mercados de crédito tomando como ejemplo el desarrollo del mercado de crédito hipotecario en Yucatán durante el auge henequenero del siglo XIX. Demuestra que las Leyes de Reforma que acabaron con las restricciones sobre las tasas de interés en México transformaron el mercado de crédito legal e iniciaron una nueva época en la historia financiera del país. Antes de la creación de los bancos en México, las obligaciones hipotecarias privadas protocolizadas por notarios eran una de las pocas fuentes de crédito formales en el país. Mediante estas actas notariales, se observa el efecto del decreto juarista de 1861 sobre el mercado hipotecario de Yucatán y el papel central que desempeñaba el notario en las transacciones privadas de crédito a largo plazo. Este análisis se apoya en aproximadamente 1 000 actas hipotecarias protocolizadas entre 1850 y 1900, salvaguardadas en el Archivo General del Estado de Yucatán.
Las sociedades anónimas cruzan los Andes: los inversores chilenos en Neuquén al comenzar el siglo XX
Authors: Blanco Graciela
Published: November 2015

 El territorio de Neuquén, en el norte de la Patagonia, atrajo la mirada de diversos inversores privados a partir del avance militar que realizó el Estado nacional sobre los grupos indígenas y de la conquista de las tierras del sur argentino; tierras que fueron ofrecidas a particulares en propiedad o arrendamiento en condiciones muy beneficiosas. Este trabajo analiza la conformación en Chile, en los primeros años del siglo xx, de sociedades anónimas que explicitaban como objetivo central la intención de comprar tierras a ambos lados de la Cordillera de los Andes para la explotación agroganadera y la comercialización, y estudia específicamente el origen, itinerario y organización productiva de una de esas sociedades en Neuquén.
La reforma monetaria del trienio liberal en España, 1820-1823: modernización y límites
Authors: Prieto Tejeiro Enrique , Haro Romero Dionisio de
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo pretende profundizar en el papel desempeñado por el trienio liberal en el proceso del tránsito del sistema monetario tradicional al moderno. Las fuentes primarias en las que se basa el estudio de la política monetaria de este periodo son, además de otras, las actas de la comisión parlamentaria que durante el trienio liberal aborda un proyecto de reforma del sistema monetario español heredado del antiguo régimen, y cuyos resultados se verán limitados por tres factores. En primer lugar, por la persistencia de fundamentos monetarios tradicionales; en segundo, por las dificultades para relacionar esta reforma con los debates monetarios que se están dando en los países más avanzados, especialmente Inglaterra y, en tercer lugar, por la brevedad del periodo y la restitución de la vieja política monetaria con la tarifa de Tolosa en 1823.
La desindustrialización como eje del proyecto refundacional de la economía y la sociedad. Argentina, 1976-1983
Authors: Schorr Martín
Published: November 2015

<span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Este artículo analiza la trayectoria estructural del sector manufacturero argentino en el periodo 1976-1983, en el marco del proyecto refundacional impulsado por la dictadura militar y sus bases de sustentación en la sociedad civil. Específicamente, se indaga el comportamiento de una serie de variables relevantes con vistas a esbozar el carácter a la vez regresivo y heterogéneo de la aguda restructuración económico-industrial verificada en esos años.
Políticas estatales y su repercusión en la actividad vitivinícola de la provincia de Mendoza y del municipio de San Rafael, 1946-1955
Authors: Hirschegger Ivana
Published: November 2015

<span lang="ES-AR" style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-AR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">El presente trabajo se inserta en aquellas líneas de investigación que estudian el peronismo en el interior del país y en particular las políticas económicas implementadas en ese ámbito. Tiene por objetivo analizar las políticas públicas destinadas a una de las actividades agroindustriales más importantes de la provincia de Mendoza: la vitivinícola. De esta manera, la investigación pretende <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">contribuir al avance del conocimiento acerca de las características y particularidades de la historia de las economías regionales argentinas y a profundizar el debate académico sobre la temática.
Fuentes documentales para el estudio de la minería mexicana, siglos XVIII-XIX
Authors: Flores Clair Eduardo
Published: November 2015
Fuentes para el estudio de los mercados regionales y la participación indígena en la colonia
Authors: Menegus Margarita
Published: November 2015
El comercio de 'ropa de la tierra' en los obrajes y chorrillos del Cuzco: fuentes documentales, 1650-1820
Authors: Escandell-Tur Neus
Published: November 2015

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Círculos sociales, contextos normativos y crédito. Buenos Aires, siglo XVII
Authors: Wasserman Martín L. E.
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo se propone indagar en los órdenes normativos y dispositivos institucionales a los cuales los actores apelaban para interactuar económicamente en Buenos Aires durante la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Recurriendo al endeudamiento interpersonal como observatorio, se avanzará en la comprensión de la práctica consistente en formalizar legalmente, ante el escribano, las obligaciones derivadas de las deudas. Los vínculos de los actores discurrían por diferentes círculos de sociabilidad y estos, entre tanto, comportaban diferentes contextos normativos con sus respectivos dispositivos institucionales. Mediante este abordaje se intentará indagar en el peso que las redes detentaron como uno de los órdenes normativos e institucionales posibles para la interacción económica del temprano Río de la Plata.
La movilidad social en Tucumán, Argentina, 1869-1895
Authors: Álvarez Beatriz , Correa Deza María Florencia
Published: November 2015

<span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">

Este trabajo analiza la movilidad social en Tucuman durante el periodo 1869-1895, utilizando una metodología que permite comparar niveles de vida de individuos en dos etapas diferentes del ciclo de vida. Los resultados sugieren la presencia de movilidad pero de una magnitud considerablemente menor a la que retratan las visiones impresionistas de estadistas y viajeros de la época y a la sugerida por la historiografía para el caso del Litoral. Creemos que a pesar del gran crecimiento económico experimentado por la provincia a fines del siglo XIX, la mayor presencia de rasgos tradicionales en relación con los modernos, en el espacio provincial, podría haber moderado los beneficios de este proceso. Tanto la singular distribución de las variables educativas como las particularidades de la migración recibida por la provincia constituyen algunos elementos de este rezago.
Paul Garner, British Lions and Mexican Eagles. Business, Politics, and Empire in the Career of Weetman Pearson in Mexico, 1889-1919
Authors: Collado Herrera María Del Carmen
Published: November 2015
Inestabilidad, costo de vida y salarios reales en Venezuela en el siglo XIX
Authors: Arroyo Abad Adriana Leticia
Published: November 2015

El siglo xix fue una época tumultuosa en Venezuela. Guerras, revueltas
sociales e inestabilidad política caracterizaron este periodo. Asimismo, la economía
creció a tasas saludables impulsada por la expansión del sector exportador que estaba
especializado en el café y el cacao. En este artículo se presentan nuevas estimaciones
del costo de vida y de los estándares de vida de Caracas. La evidencia indica que
el costo de vida en Venezuela, con base en estimaciones de Caracas, era alto. Más
aún, los estándares de vida, medidos con el ratio de bienestar, mejoraron durante el
siglo. Sin embargo, estos son bajos en comparación con otras ciudades en el mundo.
Este análisis sugiere que la inestabilidad es costosa. Las condiciones internas y la alta
especialización de exportación agregaron volatilidad a una situación económica frágil.
 
Moramay López-Alonso, Measuring Up: A History of Living Standards in Mexico, 1850-1950
Authors: Martínez Carrión José Miguel
Published: November 2015
Angelo Alves Carrara y Ernest Sánchez Santiró (coords.), Guerra y fiscalidad en la Iberoamérica colonial (siglos XVII-XIX)/Guerra e fiscalidade na Ibero-América colonial (séculos XVII-XIX)
Authors: Becerril Hernández Carlos de Jesús
Published: November 2015
María Eugenia Romero Sotelo, Fundamentos de la política económica en México. 1910-2010
Authors: González Orea Tayra
Published: November 2015
Conflictos y negociaciones entre los empresarios harineros de la región andina y los de la costa caribe colombiana, 1904-1912
Authors: Miranda Pestana Andrea Carolina , Román Romero Raúl
Published: November 2015

Este artículo analiza las relaciones políticas que se tejieron entre la elite empresarial de Cartagena y Barranquilla, y los gobiernos de Rafael Reyes y Carlos E. Restrepo de 1904 a 1914, así como las tensiones que se presentaron entre los empresarios de la costa caribe colombiana y los de Bogotá por la defensa de sus intereses, que cada uno de estos sectores empresariales colocó frente a la política económica durante estos años. El centro de estas tensiones económicas tiene como núcleo la producción y el comercio de harina; en este sentido, el debate que se presenta en torno a este tema reproduce rivalidades que se dieron desde finales del periodo colonial, y revive las confrontaciones por los mercados, la política y el modelo económico que se impone en el país entre 1904 y 1914.
Las reformas monetarias de 1931 y 1932 en México: críticas e incomprensión
Authors: Turrent Díaz Eduardo
Published: November 2015

Durante mucho tiempo, el tema de las reformas monetarias en México de 1931 y 1932 estuvo olvidado. Recientemente ha resurgido el interés por ese asunto, pero desgraciadamente las publicaciones generadas dejan bastante que desear. El problema es la falta de comprensión sobre patrones monetarios y moneda en general. Dos fueron los problemas que dieron lugar a la reforma monetaria de 1931: a) la depreciación de la moneda de plata respecto a la de oro y b) de esta última (base del sistema monetario en vigor legalmente) respecto al dólar. El primer problema se resolvió exitosamente desmonetizando el oro. El segundo intentó resolverse, y se fracasó estrepitosamente, mediante la deflación monetaria buscando restaurar la paridad oficial que venía desde la reforma monetaria de 1905 equivalente a 2.006 pesos por dólar. El costoso error fue corregido finalmente por la administración hacendaria subsiguiente encabezada por Alberto Pani.
 
La USMC y su influencia sobre la industria del calzado de Estados Unidos, Latinoamérica y Europa en la primera mitad del siglo XX. ¿Un monopolio eficiente?
Authors: Miranda José A.
Published: November 2015

Este artículo analiza la estrategia de la United Shoe Machinery Company, empresa que dominó el mercado mundial de maquinaria para calzado en la primera mitad del siglo XX, su penetración en Latinoamérica y en el resto del mundo y los procesos judiciales antimonopolio que sufrió en Estados Unidos. A pesar de su posición de práctico monopolio, la empresa tuvo un desempeño eficiente que impulsó la innovación tecnológica y la modernización de la industria del calzado en muchos países.

 
 
El Archivo del Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Martí Gerardo Marcelo
Published: November 2015

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Fondos de las instituciones bancarias en el Archivo General de la Nación (1924-1958)
Authors: Ludlow Leonor , Pacho Ma. Teresa
Published: November 2015

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Moeda e banco no século XIX: historiografia e fontes brasileiras
Authors: Ribeiro de Andrade Ana María
Published: November 2015

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"Fuentes y derroteros para el estudio de los obrajes en el Perú colonial"
Authors: Salas de Coloma Miriam
Published: November 2015

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Precios. "Presentación"
Authors: América Latina ALHE
Published: November 2015

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Los protocolos notariales en el estudio de los precios de la Real Audiencia de Quito, siglos XVI-XVII
Authors: Estupiñán Viteri Tamara
Published: November 2015

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Inventario de los bienes de Campillo, obispo electo de Puebla, 1803
Authors: Gómez Álvarez Cristina , Téllez Guerrero Francisco
Published: November 2015

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Política e crédito agrícola no Brasil do século XIX
Authors: Lobarinhas Piñeiro Théo
Published: November 2015

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Un tema por explorar: los bancos hipotecarios del periodo porfiriano
Authors: Ludlow Leonor
Published: November 2015

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Fuentes primarias para el estudio del aprovechamiento de los recursos hidráulicos en México. El AHCRG
Authors: Pacho Rodríguez María Teresa , Rivera García Gabriel
Published: November 2015

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Fuentes para el estudio de las finanzas municipales. Chile: siglo XIX
Authors: Ross César
Published: November 2015

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Fuentes para el estudio de las primeras compañías británicas de electricidad en México
Authors: Parra Alma
Published: November 2015

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Avances de la historia económica de México
Authors: Marichal Carlos
Published: November 2015
Agricultura. Presentación
Authors: ALHE Editor
Published: November 2015

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Estado de la cuestión agraria en el Uruguay y fuentes para su estudio
Authors: Moraes María Inés
Published: November 2015

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A agricultura em Minas Gerais, Brasil, na Primeira República (1889-1930): Fontes e indicadores econômicos
Authors: Gonçalves Neto Wenceslau , Nabuco María Regina , Alves Filho Eloy
Published: November 2015

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Hacienda pública y obras públicas. "Presentación"
Authors: América Latina ALHE
Published: November 2015

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Fuentes para la historia de los ferrocarriles del Estado. Chile, siglo XIX
Authors: Sagredo Baeza Rafael
Published: November 2015

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El uso de las fuentes notariales con fines de investigación: el caso de la historia empresarial en el Caribe colombiano
Authors: Viloria de la Hoz Joaquín
Published: November 2015

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La política comercial en México, 1856-1930: fuentes y problemas
Authors: Riguzzi Paolo
Published: November 2015

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Que la historia no quede detenida depende absolutamente de los propios historiadores, entrevista por Alejandra de Araya y Eric Gamboa
Authors: Jara Álvaro
Published: November 2015

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Tierras. "Presentación"
Authors: América Latina ALHE
Published: November 2015

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Bases y fuentes documentales para el estudio del tribunal del Consulado en el Río de la Plata
Authors: Crespi Liliana , Salles Estela
Published: November 2015

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Fuentes y métodos para el estudio de los bancos de rescate de platas en la Nueva España (1790-1810)
Authors: Suárez Argüello Clara Elena
Published: November 2015

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Infusing Multicultural Education into the Curriculum: Preparing Pre-Service Teachers to Address Homophobia in K-12 Schools
Authors: Jones Joseph R.
Published: November 2015

This article discusses the role multicultural education can play in addressing homophobia in K-12 schools. The author explores the lack of multiculturalism courses in undergraduate teacher education programs. To address the lack of multiculturalism courses, three instructional activities are offered that faculty in teacher education programs can implement as effective methods for preparing pre-service teachers to address homophobia.
KAMAR MANDI SEBAGAI TEMPAT BERSUCI (THAHARAH)
Authors: Sedayu Agung
Published: November 2015

Keeping cleanliness and holiness is the duty for all moslems. To perform these religious duties, every time and everywhere, we must keep and support hard on the holiness of the physic and psychic value aspects. Most cleaning activities have been done in toilet and the other similar places. The Main tool to clean is water; therefore toilet is always having water having the image as a wet place. Toilet is one of the arranged rooms in building and assumed to be added room that is not so important. In fact, it has a very vital and important function. Inside of the toilet we have the erudition and philosophy which must be done, like praying before and after entering this room, and also some other rules to follow when we are in it. Cleaning the psychic is started at cleaning the body, and cleaning the psychic is supported by cleanliness of our environment including toilet as a part of the house. Therefore, before designing it, all of the moslem architects must concern and focus on the erudition and philosophy of Islamic fiqih containing about the effort to be clean and holy. Design results should reflect Islamic values, and the toilet having Islamic characteristics, especially having strength points on cleanliness and holiness. This paper is to discuss about toilet design from the perspective of fiqih values on cleanliness and holiness. The objectives are to give more information and knowledge about toilet design principles having Islamic values based on  fiqih law references on cleanliness and holiness.

Keywords: Toilet, Place To Clean
Pengaruh Islam terhadap Perkembangan Budaya Jawa: tembang Macapat
Authors: Mulyono Asmaun Sahlan,
Published: November 2015

Islam came to Indonesia since the seventh century AD has a major influence on the transformation of the local culture. From cultures that were previously heavily influenced by Hinduism is primarily based on two major books from India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata to the new culture that is influenced by Islamic values. One form of cultural transformation in the field of Javanese literature is the birth of the tembang macapat (song of macapat). Tembang macapat is a form of transformation from Javanese literature of the form kakawin literary dan kidung (ancient Javanese song) became a form of Java new song (gending). During its development, macapat song contains a lot of Islamic values so utilized by teachers, preachers, religious scholars and Ulama’ to the means of education and transformation of Islamic values.

 

Islam datang ke Indonesia sejak abad ke tujuh Masehi memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap transformasi budaya setempat. Dari kebudayaan yang sebelumnya banyak dipengaruhi oleh agama Hindu terutama didasarkan pada dua karya besar dari India yaitu Ramayana dan Mahabharata menuju kepada kebudayaan baru yang dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai Islam. Salah satu bentuk transformasi kebudayaan dalam  bidang sastra Jawa adalah lahirnya tembang macapat. Tembang macapat merupakan bentuk transformasi sastra Jawa dari bentuk kakawin dan kidung menjadi sastra puisi yang berupa lagu/gending. Dalam perkembangannya, tembang macapat banyak mengandung nilai-nilai Islam sehingga dimanfaatkan oleh para guru, mubaligh, kyai maupun ulama’ untuk sarana pendidikan dan dakwah nilai-nilai Islam.

 
Dialektika Islam dan Budaya Lokal dalam Bidang Sosial sebagai Salah Satu Wajah Islam Jawa
Authors: Muqoyyidin Andik Wahyun
Published: November 2015

This article is to unravel the issue of dialectic of Islam and local culture in the social field as one face of Javanese Islam. Historically, Islam came to Indonesia there is a record seventh century AD, but there are also the states of the thirteenth century AD. This means that Islam has been a long time to adapt and dialogue with the culture, customs, attitudes and ways of thinking locals Indonesia. Moreover, many aspects of Islamic teachings that can be flexible so it can receive the local elements are in harmony with the teachings of Islam. The style of Islam in Java in many ways resembles Islam in South Asia. Kerala, the Malabar coast became an important area for the spice trade. Therefore, this area is also very likely to be a transit area for the purpose of trading with the merchants and simultaneously broadcast and Sufi Moslem are deliberately seeking new areas for development of Islam. For this reason, the face of Islam in Java is the result of dialogue and dialectic between Islam and local culture which then displays the face of Javanese Islam. In fact, Islam in Java is indeed not a single, not a monolith, and not simple. Among these are reflected in social relations syncretic Javanese Moslem community with other communities go naturally with the local knowledge base in the village community at large.

 

Artikel ini ingin mengurai persoalan dialektika Islam dan budaya lokal dalam bidang sosial sebagai salah satu wajah Islam Jawa. Secara historis, Islam datang ke Indonesia ada yang mencatat abad VII Masehi, tapi ada juga yang menyatakan abad XIII Masehi. Ini berarti Islam telah lama beradaptasi dan berdialog dengan budaya, adat kebiasaan, sikap dan cara berpikir penduduk lokal Indonesia. Terlebih lagi, banyak aspek dari ajaran Islam yang dapat bersifat fleksibel sehingga dapat menerima unsur-unsur lokal yang selaras dengan ajaran Islam. Corak Islam di Jawa dalam banyak hal menyerupai Islam di Asia Selatan. Kerala, di pantai Malabar menjadi daerah penting untuk perdagangan rempah-rempah. Oleh karena itu, daerah ini juga sangat mungkin menjadi daerah transit bagi kaum pedagang dengan tujuan perdagangan dan sekaligus menyiarkan Islam dan kaum sufi yang secara sengaja mencari daerah baru untuk pengembangan Islam. Karena itulah, wajah Islam di Jawa merupakan hasil dialog dan dialektika antara Islam dan budaya lokal yang kemudian menampilkan wajah Islam yang khas Jawa. Dalam kenyataannya, Islam di Jawa memanglah tidak bersifat tunggal, tidak monolit, dan tidak simpel. Di antaranya adalah tercermin dalam relasi sosial komunitas Islam Jawa sinkretis dengan masyarakat lainnya berjalan secara alamiah dengan mendasarkan pada kearifan lokal masyarakat desa pada umumnya.

 
RITUAL YA QOWIYU: Pergulatan Makna Modernitas, Agama, Budaya Lokal dan Kapitalisme
Authors: Basri Mohammad Hasan
Published: November 2015

In this article, the writer tries to analyze the contrast between modernity, religion, and culture. Shortly, the contrast between religious teaching (Islam) taught by Ki Ageng Gribig, modernity, and culture (Javanese) is shown in the rituals and social-economic life (capitalism spirit) of Jatinom Society, both symbolically and practically. The contrast and meaning relation of the three domains not only result in conflict, tension, and resistance but also relation and new interpretation among the members of society, so that the celebration is held annually. Therefore, the process of interpretation and the different economic, social, cultural, and politic influences will continue from time to time to match with the change experienced by Jatinom society specifically and the population around the area generally. The process of interpretation on religion has changed because of its contrast with the value of modernity. In Jatinom society, the religious process has been formed and influenced by modernity ideas, such as, the process of rationalization on the rituals, that is, the decrease of their belief in ‘blessing’ in apem, but on the other side, they still preserve the rituals to honor their ancestors and customs. They also think that it is economically beneficial because of the visit of thousands of people in the celebration.
TINJAUAN BUDAYA ATAS KULTUR TASAWUF BERBASIS MURSYID PEREMPUAN
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa
Published: November 2015

Male and female, basically, have the same chance as idol muttaqin person, as well as a leader in the earth, including becoming a teacher of tarekat (mursyid). Assigning female as mursyid will not reduce or break the identity of the Sufism group, on the other hand, it is a kind of glorifying and respecting to the God. However, in tasawuf culture, most of the rituals conducted by the followers often reflecting the God in the male form. This conception, then, influences the way they lead the group. The common way of practicing the leadership model finally drives into legalizing the male superiority as the mursyid rather than the female one. Because of the phenomenon, the paper is written, to explore the issues on male and female role in the Sufism, specifically, for becoming the mursyid. It is expected to be powerful and meaningful cultural analysis which is viewed from tasawuf paradigm.
MESOPOTAMIA DAN MESIR KUNO: Awal Peradaban Dunia
Authors: Umar Mustofa
Published: November 2015

The existence of civilization cannot be separated from the existence of human beings. Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were the centers of the oldest civilization in the world. Both Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt had typical characteristics. Mesopotamian civilization was more non-physical compared to Egypt. Sciences were emphasized more in Mesopotamia, while Egypt emphasized religious aspects. Political systems in both areas were almost the same, that is, absolutism and considered the king as god. Mesopotamia was more humanist than Egypt. The effectiveness of both civilizations was determined much by political power and economy.
KEMUNDURAN DAN KEHANCURAN KERAJAAN MUGHAL
Authors: Miri M. Djamaluddin
Published: November 2015

Mughal was one of the Islamic Kingdoms that stay long for about 342 years, starting from Sultan Zahr al-Din Muhammad (1483—1530 A.D) until Sultan Siraj al-Din Bahadur Syah (1837—1858 A.D). There are two prominent factors which caused the Kingdom of Mughal separated each other and faced the decrease, internal and external factors. Internally, the Kingdom of Mughal faced the decrease because of no system and mechanism on power succession, and also the lack leadership integrity of the next generation who descended the former leaders. The hedonism life style also became the main cause of the complicated political situation on the Kingdom. Moreover, the political policy which tends to be more puritanical and ideological also ruined the governmental system. Those internal factors, then, caused weak political control and powerless authority of the Kingdom in front of other kingdoms. As a consequence, many rebellions happened everywhere. It absolutely made the power of the Kingdom one by one belongs to other kingdoms.
DINAMIKA ISLAM KULTURAL: Studi atas Dialektika Islam dan Budaya Lokal Madura
Authors: Paisun Paisun
Published: November 2015

Throughout the history, it is well-known that the ingress and the progress of Islam in Indonesia, especially in Java and Madura, were held almost without any tension and conflict. Even in the societies with some former belief systems such as Animism and Buddhism, Islam was easily accepted as a religion that brings peace within its teachings. During periods, Islam and local cultures perform a dialectical relationship and give rise to local variances of Islam, such as Javanese Islam, Madurese Islam, Sasak Islam, Sundanese Islam, etc. Those variances of Islam are the result of an acculturation process between Islam with the local cultures. In other word, this process is also called as “inculturation”. These local variances of Islam, further termed as the “cultural Islam” in this paper, have become a characteristics of Indonesian Islamic societies phenomenon which are different from Middle-East’s Islamic society and European Islamic society. This paper discusses about the Madurese Islam, one of these cultural Islam’s variances. Dialectical process between Islam and the local culture of Madura in turn generates a unique Madurese Islam, which is distinctive and esoteric. In its further developments, Islam and Madurese tradition are seen as unity and inseparatable, though people can still distinguish one another. This study seeks to uncover and expose the Islamic cultural dynamics that exist and grow in Madura: how big is the change that occurred, in which part, and what factors underlie these changes. This study provides benefit in enriching our scientific study about Indonesian cultural heritage, especially about the dialectical relationship between Islam and Madurese local culture.
MUQARNAS: Ungkapan Keagungan Nilai Islam dalam Karya Arsitektur
Authors: Putrie Yulia Eka
Published: November 2015

Muqarnas is the Arabic word for stalactite vault, a three-dimensional decoration element in Islamic architecture. Inspired by honey comb, this kind of architectural ornament has been developed to the highest form of aesthetics and complexity. Its uniqueness is laid on its geometrical composition, which is transformed from thousands of cells, tiers and intermediate elements.Inspite of its amazing geometrical composition, there are some values and meanings that consist in muqarnas. Infinitive design of muqarnas is mostly based on human’s awareness of God’s infinite highness and strength. Furthermore, it shows us that Allah’s creation such as honey combs, that is often being underestimated by human, contain huge of knowledge and complicated calculations. These kind of awareness and wisdoms are yielded by artists and architects in the past, who had never detached science from Islam, as the way of life.
SPIRITUALISME RATU KALINYAMAT: Kontroversi Tapa Wuda Sinjang Rambut Kanjeng Ratu di Jepara Jawa Tengah
Authors: Said Nur
Published: November 2015

In Javanese tradition, patriarchal culture is hold strongly though it cannot be generalized as a necessity. The emergence of Queen Kalinyamat as the representation of Javanese woman apparently indicates a contrary to the mainstream Javanese tradition. This article is a semiotical analysis on the spiritualism of Queen Kalinyamat who lived in the 16th century and protested against injustice in that time. She sent the military forces to Malacca to repel the Portuguese so that she was known as a wealthy and very powerful woman. Meanwhile, when her husband and brother were killed by Arya Penangsang, she also demanded justice by living as a naked ascetic (tapa wuda sinjang rambut) which resulted in multiple spiritual interpretations for grass root society. This is mostly interpreted as the spirit of sex drive, but the sufis interpreted it as meaningful metaphor to leave all sorts of worldly power material and position, then it is symbolized by the Arabic letter of Alif. Naked in this case is as a symbol of self-emptying and then filled with repentance, love and taqorrub to God. Queen Kalinyamat’s spiritualism counters the Javanese tradition toward different perspective reflecting eco-feminism trend in post-colonial era.
MASJID DI PAPUA BARAT: Tinjauan Ekspresi Keberagamaan Minoritas Muslim dalam Arsitektur
Authors: Suardi Wekke Ismail
Published: November 2015

For Muslim, mosque has unique role and its special function in daily life. Five times a day, mosques carry out prayer as compulsory activities. This study explores mosques in West Papua Province where Muslim is as minority. It employs qualitative approach and used in-depth interview and non-participant observation to collect data. The findings show that there are three mosque major components; wudhu area, praying hall, and mimbar. In mosque as a center of activity in the region, the board provided some facilities to be used by either Muslim or others. Mosques embedded with various arts from many traditional roots. Patterns and symmetries were used to enhance art in wall of mosque. On the other hand, the minority condition gives them opportunity to present architecture design to engage with other community. Building styles and type reflect the multicultural characteristics as identity through built environment representing their culture within the local community. Muslim minority tries to extend their mosque not only as praying place but also as a society facility.
HAJI DAN STATUS SOSIAL: Studi Tentang Simbol Agama di Kalangan Masyarakat Muslim
Authors: Zainuddin M.
Published: November 2015

Religion as a fact and history has symbolic and sociological dimensions as a structure of abstract realm regardless of space and time. Pilgrimage substantially contains humanity values, such as the doctrines of equality, the necessity to preserve life, property, and honor of others, a ban of oppressing or exploiting the weak people, either economically or others. For example, releasing daily wear and changing it with ihram wear has meaning to erase the social gaps between the rich and the poor. That is the ideal teaching of pilgrimage making one aware that he is a social human. This paper is sociologically intended to see the phenomenon of pilgrimage in the Muslim society of Indonesia, especially in Java. The study showed that the pilgrimage of the majority of Indonesian Muslim is loaded with social attributes. Although the pilgrim is a part of the religion pillars, it has been utilized   by the local ruling elite as a political resource or a mean to establish power legitimacy.
KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA ARSITEKTUR VERNAKULAR GORONTALO: Tinjauan Pada Aspek Budaya dan Nilai-nilai Islam
Authors: Heryati Heryati , Nico Abdul Nurnaningsih
Published: November 2015

This paper aimed to reveal the values of local wisdom in the vernacular architecture of Gorontalo. The research was conducted with a qualitative research method in which the data were grouped into physical and non-physical data. Physical data (tangible) is obtained by measuring, drawing, photo recording, and tracking documents, while the non-physical data (intangible) is gained through interviews with ta momayanga (the expert), basi lo bele (home builders), tauwa lo adati (traditional leader), community /religious figure, architects, academicians and through discussions. The data analysis is done by describing and interpreting the empirical evidence through the vernacular theories to figure out the vernacular concept of the stage house of Gorontalo. Furthermore, the theory of the relation of function, form and meaning is used to reveal the concept of local wisdom. The results show that the architecture of the stage houses contains vernacular factors loaded with the values of local wisdom that can be seen from the shape, layout, construction structure and ornamentation. The values of local wisdom was reinforced after the arrival of  Islam in Gorontalo around 15-16 century.
AKULTURASI DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM TRADISI BAAYUN MAULID PADA MASYARAKAT BANJAR
Authors: Jamalie Zulfa
Published: November 2015

This research examines the acculturation and transformation of traditional values of Banjarese Baayun Maulud . It used religious anthropology approach as an effort to understand the deepest meaning of the research object. The result shows that this tradition was historically started from swinging child ceremony of Dayakese Tribe in Kalimantan, in order to give blessing, give name, pray for safety, and to thank for the child birth. A long with the incoming and development of Islam in this region, the ceremony which was inherited by the ancestors experienced changes. The Islamic preachers have changed and acculturated this ceremony so it is full of Islamic values. The ceremony once called swinging child ceremony, then after the acculturation it became Baayun Maulud. The venue is centralized at the mosque and is combined with the celebration of Muhammad’s birthday. The children are swung with qur’an recitation, rhyme quatrains of maulud, and prayers. The local wisdoms and the religious thoughts has been unified in harmony in the tradition, which becomes the sign of gratitude expressions  for the child birth, as well as for celebrating and honoring the birth of the Greatest Prophet Muhammad SAw.
POLA KOMUNIKASI DAN STRATIFIKASI DALAM BUDAYA TUTUR MASYARAKAT GAYO
Authors: Marhamah Marhamah
Published: November 2015

Speech is a system call or a form of greeting in Gayo society. The division is closely related to the form of speech or other forms of family kinship system in Gayo society. Because it is a path connecting said to strengthen the bond of kinship within a family and village. The use of said form is used, depending on the position or stratification in the path of an opponent said kinship facing speakers. Said also reflected in the manner and attitude of politeness of speakers against opponents he said, called the ethics of communication. This paper aims to describe patterns of communication in Gayo society called the speech and its relationship to stratification or hierarchy within the kinship system and ethical values   contained in the communication of Islam said.
POLITIK IDENTITAS MASYARAKAT TENGGER DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN SISTEM KEBUDAYAAN DARI HEGEMONI ISLAM DAN KEKUASAAN
Authors: Maksum Ali
Published: November 2015

This article explores the dynamic of Tengger communities life in order to defend its culture with regard to the expansion of Islam and the power of Indonesian government. The research were conducted in two villages, Ngadisari and Sapikerep, Probolinggo. Using the perspective of representation theory, this study  elaborate more detail about the strategy of the Tengger people in representing their identity in the midst of the dynamics of the changing time. The dynamics dialectic between the Tengger and  power (Islam) have brought out two important propositions. First, because of the strong tradition and culture Tengger systems, both Hindu and Islamic ideology interpreted as a cultural system that only symbolically attached to the Tengger. Second, although impressed syncretic, in fact, Islam and Hinduism also established world view Tengger substantive and culturally. The second view is as commonly as Islam in Java, "Javanese Islam" behind its character as if syncretic. However, it  shows "substantial Islam" because it is based on religious traditions of Sufism.
SENI ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL FARUQI: Sebuah Komparasi
Authors: Putrie Yulia Eka
Published: November 2015

The perspective of Islamic arts proposed by Ismail Raji al Faruqi in his book Islamic Culture Atlas can be considered as a very comprehensive perspective of esthetics and arts based on Islamic worldview. Al Faruqi’s perspective of Islamic arts includes various genres of arts, such as literature, calligraphy, ornamentation, interior design, and music. Therefore, al Faruqi’s perspective is expected to be able to use in architecture, especially Islamic architecture. Although al Faruqi classifies architecture as a part of interior design, there are some characteristics of architecture in general different from the interior design characteristics proposed by al Faruqi. Hence, further studies are needed to place al Faruqi’s perspective in the context of architecture study. That should be done in order that al Faruqi’s perspective can be understood in architecture science. Furthermore, the characteristics are hoped to become one of the parameters in esthetic dimension of architecture objects designed in Islamic framework. Therefore, al Faruqi’s perspective of Islamic arts can enrich storage area of Islamic architecture science as the implementation of Islamic worldview.
REKONSTRUKSI KONSEP IJBAR
Authors: Hidayat Taufiq
Published: November 2015

Marriage is one of the pressing issues mentioned in detail in the Quran and hadis. Sources concerning marriage mirror negotiation between patriarchal authority and equality among believers. Universal nature of the Quran is then interpreted and implemented (tafsir wa-tatbiq) to fit the social and cultural makeup of pre-modern Arab peninsula. Hadis concerning forced marriage was put into the mouth of the prophet to justify the patriarchal authority of pre-modern society, which finds its expression in the books of fiqh. It is a pity that, despite emancipation of women, tradition demeaning to women dies hard. This paper aims to analyze the concept of forced marriage discussed in the books of medieval fiqh which is considered outdated  due to its violation of women’s right to choose their spouse.Perkawinan adalah salah satu isu yang disebutkan secara rinci dalam Qur’an dan hadis. sumber-sumber hukum yang berbicara tentang pernikahan adalah suatu persolan yang menggambarkan negoisasi antara otoritas patriarkhal dan keadilan bagi orang-orang muslim. ajaran universal Qur’an diinterpretasikan dan diimplementasikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan sosial budaya masyarakat Arab pada masa pra-modern.Hadis yang menjelaskan konsep ijbar yang disampaikan oleh Nabi hanya untuk menyesuaikan otoritas patriarchal pada masa pra-modern yang ditemukan pada kitab-kitab fiqh. Akan sangat disayangkan apabila tradisi tersebut merugikan perempuan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa konsep ijbar pada pernikahan yang dibahas dalam kitab-kitab fiqh abad pertengahan yang dianggap ketinggalan jaman karena tidak melihat hak perempuan dalam memilih pasangan.Keywords: Rekonstruksi, Ijbar, Wali, Pernikahan
PENELUSURAN HISTORIS LANDASAN PEMIKIRAN USUL FIQH MUHAMMAD AL-KHUDLARI BIK
Authors: Yasin Noer
Published: November 2015

The history of Islamic law witnesses the development of Islamic legal methodology, known widely as usul al-fiqh, which aims at discovering God’s intention through sound judg-ment. Usul fiqh is considered responsible for the dynamism of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Every school of thought (madzhab) has its own method of deducing law from its source, which might be different from the other. Initially intending to combine two conflicting methods existent in his time, al-Syafi’i has established his own method upon which arose new school of legal thought. This paper aims at depicting the development of usul al-fiqh from the time of al-Syafi’i up to that of Khudlari Bik in modern time.Sejarah hukum Islam membuktikan bahwa perkembangan usul al-fiqh  bertujuan untuk menemukan maksud Tuhan melalui hukum yang  yang dikaji secara mendalam. Usul Fiqh dianggap bertanggung jawab terhadap dinamika  fiqh. semua Madzhab memiliki metode masing-masing dalam pengambilan dasar hukum yang mungkin berbeda satu sama lain. pada awalnya, Syafi’i bertujuan untuk mengkombinasikan two metode yang berbeda yang ada pada masanya, beliau membentuk metode sendiri yang kemudian berdiri sendiri sebagai madzhab baru. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perkem-bangan usul fiqh dari masa al-Syafi’i sampai khudlari Bik pada masa modern.Keywords: Yurisprudensi Islam, Usul Fiqh, Madzhab
PEMBENTUKAN, PERKEMBANGAN DAN PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ISLAM DALAM TINJAUAN ORIENTALIS
Authors: Fakhruddin Fakhruddin
Published: November 2015

The development of Islamic law from its inception to its maturity has drawn a lot of attentions from some well known figures within Western scholars. Great names, such as Goldziher, Schacht, and Anderson, are among those who contribute the discourses on Islamic law in classical and modern period. While the first two scholars focus their research on Islamic law in the early phase of its development, the last one direct his study on its development in the modern period. The role of Quran and Sunnah on the development of Islamic law is under critical analysis of the Goldziher and Schacht, while the reform of it becomes the center of Anderson’s study.Perkembangan hukum Islam mengundang perhatian para tokoh pemikiran barat seperti Ignaz Goldziher, Schacht and Anderson. Mereka adalah tokoh-tokoh yang berkontribusi terhadap kajian-kajian hukum Islam pada periode klasik dan modern. sementara Goldziher dan schacth memfokuskan penelitian mereka pada hukum Islam pada fase awal perkembangannya, Anderson fokus pada hukum Islam periode modern. Peran al-Quran dan Sunnah terhadap perkembangan hukum Islam menjadi bahasan utama dari analisa kritis Goldziher dan Schacht sedangkan pembaharuan hukum Islam menjadi kajian Utama dari Anderson.Keywords: Orientalis, Pembaharuan, Hukum Islam