bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods Applied to the Sustainable Bridge Design
Authors: Penadés-Plà Vicent , García-Segura Tatiana , Martí José , Yepes Víctor
Published: December 2016

The construction of bridges has been necessary for societies since ancient times, when the communication between and within towns, cities or communities was established. Until recently, the economic factor has been the only one considered in the decision-making of any type of construction process for bridges. However, nowadays, the objective should not be just the construction of bridges, but of sustainable bridges. Economic, social and environmental factors, which form the three pillars of sustainability, have been recently added. These three factors usually have conflicting perspectives. The decision-making process allows the conversion of a judgment into a rational procedure to reach a compromise solution. The aim of this paper is to review different methods and sustainable criteria used for decision-making at each life-cycle phase of a bridge, from design to recycling or demolition. This paper examines 77 journal articles for which different methods have been used. The most used methods are briefly described. In addition, a statistical study was carried out on the Multiple Attribute Decision-making papers reviewed.
The Eco-Evolutionary Imperative: Revisiting Weed Management in the Midst of an Herbicide Resistance Crisis
Authors: Menalled Fabian , Peterson Robert , Smith Richard , Curran William , Páez David , Maxwell Bruce
Published: December 2016

Modern weed science is at a crossroads. Born out of advances in chemistry, it has focused on minimizing weed competition with genetically uniform crops and heavy reliance on herbicides. Paradoxically, the success obtained with such an approach and the reluctance to conduct integrated and multidisciplinary research has resulted in unintended, but predictable, consequences, including the selection of herbicide resistant biotypes. Advances in eco-evolutionary biology, a relatively recent discipline that seeks to understand how local population dynamics arise from phenotypic variation resulting from natural selection, habitat distribution, and propagule dispersal across the landscape are transforming our understanding of the processes that regulate agroecosystems. Within this framework, complementary tactics to develop alternative weed management programs include the following: (1) weed scientists must recognize that evolution occurs within crop fields at ecologically-relevant time scales and is rooted in the inherent variation that exists in all populations; (2) weed management should recognize that the probability of a resistant mutant is directly related to the population size; (3) farmers need to acknowledge that herbicide resistance transcends any one farm and should coordinate local practices with regional actions; (4) incentives should be developed and implemented to help the adoption of eco-evolutionary management programs; and (5) risk analysis can help incorporate an eco-evolutionary perspective into integrated weed management programs.
Comparison of osteotomy technique and jig type in completion of distal femoral osteotomies for correction of medial patellar luxation
Authors: Piras Lisa , Peirone Bruno , Fox Derek , Olimpo Matteo
Published: December 2016

Objectives: Femoral osteotomies are frequently completed to correct malalignment associated with patellar luxation. The objectives of this study were to compare the use of: 1) two different types of jig; and 2) different types of osteotomy in the realignment of canine femoral bone models which possessed various iterations of angular deformity.

Methods: Models of canine femora possessing distal varus, external torsion and a combination of varus and torsion underwent correction utilizing two alignment jigs (Slocum jig and Deformity Reduction Device) and either a closing wedge ostectomy (CWO) or an opening wedge osteotomy (OWO). Post-correctional alignment was evaluated by radiographic assessment and compared between groups.

Results: The use of the Slocum jig resulted in frontal plane overcorrection when used with CWO in models of femoral varus, and when used with OWO in models of femoral varus and external torsion when compared to other techniques. The Deformity Reduction Device tended to realign the frontal plane closer to the post-correction target value in all angulation types. The use of both jigs resulted in undercorrection in the transverse plane in models with varus and torsion.

Clinical significance: Jig selection and osteotomy type may lead to different post-correctional alignment results when performing distal femoral osteotomies. Whereas OWO allows accurate correction when used with either jig to address frontal plane deformities, the Deformity Reduction Device can be utilized with both CWO and OWO to correct torsion-angulation femoral deformities to optimize frontal plane alignment.
Distal femoral lateral closing wedge osteotomy as a component of comprehensive treatment of medial patellar luxation and distal femoral varus in dogs
Authors: Brower Barry , Peruski Ann , Pozzi Antonio , Dyce Jonathan , Johnson Kenneth , Boudrieau Randy , Kowaleski Michael
Published: December 2016

Objective: To describe a cohort of dogs with medial patellar luxation managed with a distal femoral lateral closing wedge ostectomy (DFO) as a component of comprehensive treatment, and to report radiographic and long-term clinical outcome of this technique.

Methods: Medical records of dogs that had a lateral closing wedge DFO as part of management of medial patellar luxation at three veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Surgical reports as well as the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up radiographs were reviewed. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) was determined. Long-term clinical outcome was assessed by telephone interview with the owner.

Results: A lateral closing wedge DFO was performed on 66 limbs. The mean pre- and postoperative aLDFA was 107.6° ± 5.8° and 94.1° ± 4.2°, respectively. Cranial cruciate ligament disease was identified in 28/66 affected limbs. Tibial angular deformity, torsional deformity, or both was identified in nine of the 66 limbs. Ostectomy healing was confirmed radiographically in 51/66 limbs. The mean time to union was 73 ± 37 days. All patellae were in the normal position and stable. Complications included infection (2/51), fixation failure (1/51), delayed healing (2/51), and persistent lameness (1/51).

Clinical significance: In this cohort of cases, DFO was a highly successful and repeatable component of surgical treatment for dogs with medial patellar luxation associated with femoral varus. This study also provides more evidence of the high rate of concurrent cranial cruciate ligament disease in cases of medial patellar luxation complicated by fe-moral varus, and supports an association between stifle instability and medial patellar luxation.
Prosodic cues to presupposition projection
Authors: Tonhauser Judith
Published: December 2016

In English utterances with factive predicates, the content of the clausal complement of the predicate may project, i.e., taken to be a commitment of the speaker, even when the factive predicate is embedded under an entailment canceling operator (e.g., Kiparsky & Kiparsky 1971; Karttunen 1971). Based on impressionistic judgments, Beaver (2010) and Simons, Beaver, Roberts & Tonhauser (to appear) suggested that whether the content of the complement of an utterance with a factive predicate projects depends on the information structure of the utterance and, since information structure is prosodically marked, on the prosodic realization of the utterance. This paper describes the results of three perception experiments designed to explore the influence of the prosodic realization of an utterance with a factive predicate on the projection of the content of the complement. The results of the experiments suggest that the prosodic realization of such utterances provides a cue to the projectivity of the content of the complement. These findings provide empirical support for the question-based analysis of projection advanced in Simons et al. to appear.
On the Presuppositional Behavior of Coherence-Driven Pragmatic Enrichments
Authors: Kehler Andrew , Cohen Jonathan
Published: December 2016

When interpreting a sentence such as Every time the company fires an employee who comes in late, a union complaint is lodged, an addressee is likely to infer that the union will only complain when an employee is fired because he came in late. One is thus led to ask why a purely pragmatic enrichment of this sort -- one drawn despite no risk of interpretative failure nor other linguistic mandate -- would intrude upon truth conditions. We argue that this effect results from the interaction among three pragmatic phenomena: presupposition, the associative mechanisms that underlie the establishment of coherence in discourse, and the calculation of domain restriction for quantificational operators. Because the analysis does not consider the operative enrichments to be species of implicature, we claim that such cases do not represent an intrusion of implicature into truth-conditional content. Instead, they merely involve the context-dependent determination of quantificational domains.
FINANSINIŲ RODIKLIŲ RYŠYS SU LISTINGUOJAMOS ĮMONĖS AKCIJŲ KAINA NUSTATANT VERTĘ
Authors: Paškevičienė Justina , Tamošiūnienė Rima
Published: December 2016

Atsigavus Lietuvos ekonomikai išaugo vertės nustatymo paklausa. Remiantis kapitalizacijos metodu, akcinės
bendrovės vertė priklauso nuo akcijos kainos ir įmonės pelno. Mokslinio darbo tikslas –nustatyti finansinių rodiklių ryšį su
listinguojamos bendrovės akcijos kaina nustatant vertę. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros, duomenų analizė, apibendrinimas
ir grafinis atvaizdavimas. Finansinių rodiklių ryšys su akcijos kaina nustatomas remiantis koreliacine regresine analize.
Atlikus analizę nustatyta, kad biržoje kotiruojamos įmonės akcijos jau turi tam tikrą vertę, nes pritraukia kapitalą. Tyrimo
rezultatai rodo akcijos kainos tiesioginę priklausomybę nuo ilgalaikio turto apyvartumo bei skolos ir turto santykio rodiklių.
ŽEMĖS ŪKIO SEKTORIAUS RIZIKOS VALDYMAS
Authors: Dužinskytė Viktorija , Stasytytė Viktorija
Published: December 2016

Žemės ūkio sektorius išsiskiria iš kitų sričių tam tikrais požymiais, dėl kurių yra laikomas padidintos rizikos sritimi. Atsakas į riziką išlieka gana svarbus ir atsakingas veiksmas, užtikrinantis stabilią bei efektyvią sektoriaus veiklą. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikus ir išanalizavus rizikos rūšis, su kuriomis žemės ūkio sektoriuje susiduriama dažniausiai ir kurių įtaka šiam sektoriui yra didžiausia, pateikti galimus rizikos valdymo būdus sektoriaus patiriamoms rizikoms mažinti. Norint pasiekti tikslą, yra analizuojamos žemės ūkio sektoriaus rizikos ir jų rūšys, kilmė, žemės ūkio sektoriaus ypatumai. Darbe yra pristatoma nemažai žemės ūkio sektoriaus rizikų valdymo instrumentų, įvardijami pagrindiniai jų privalumai ir trūkumai.
GLOBALIZACIJOS PROCESŲ ĮTAKA EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS NEKILNOJAMOJO TURTO RINKOMS
Authors: Švogžlys Povilas , Chlivickas Eugenijus
Published: December 2016

Pirkėjai, pardavėjai, investuotojai ar tarpininkai, dalyvaujantys nekilnojamojo turto pirkimo-pardavimo procesuose,
esminiais faktoriais, veikiančiais kainą, dažniausiai laiko vietą, kaimynystę, infrastruktūrą bei buto planą. Dažnas proceso
dalyvis užmiršta, jog yra nemažai esminių veiksnių, kurie ateityje gali nulemti ne tik būsto, bet ir viso regiono nekilnojamojo
turto kainas. Straipsnyje pasitelkiant lyginamąją analizę yra aptariami pagrindiniai nekilnojamojo turto rinką visoje Europos
Sąjungoje veikiantys išoriniai faktoriai, šių dienų aktualijos, pateikiami siūlymai bei iškeliamos konkrečios išvados.
EMIGRACIJA IR GLOBALIZACIJOS PROCESAI: IŠŠŪKIAI, ŠIUOLAIKINĖS TENDENCIJOS, PROBLEMOS, SPRENDIMAI
Authors: Naulickaitė Indrė , Melnikas Borisas
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje kompleksiškai nagrinėjami emigracijos iš Lietuvos ir kitų Europos Sąjungos šalių Centrinėje ir Rytų Europoje procesai, vykstantys šiuolaikinėmis ekonomikos globalizacijos sąlygomis. Pagrindinis dėmesys teikiamas tiems emigraciją lemiantiems veiksniams, kuriems įtakos turi globalioje ekonomikoje vykstantys procesai, globaliu mastu besireiškiančios socialinės ir ekonominės aplinkybės. Straipsnyje atlikta teorinė studija, skirta migracijos ir emigracijos procesams šiuolaikinėje globalizacijos aplinkoje. Remiantis pateikta teorine koncepcija, skirta kompleksiškai įvertinti emigraciją lemiančius veiksnius, atlikti emigracijos iš Lietuvos ir iš kitų Europos Sąjungos šalių Centrinėje ir Rytų Europoje tyrimai, išryškinti emigracijos procesų ypatumai, atspindintys ekonomikos globalizacijos sąlygojamų aplinkybių įtaką. Atliekant empirinius tyrimus, panaudotas ekonominio matematinio modeliavimo instrumentarijus.
ĮMONĖS FINANSINIS LIKVIDUMAS KAIP PRIEMONĖ ĮMONĖS VERTEI DIDINTI
Authors: Bartkauskaitė Ieva , Stankevičienė Jelena , Miečinskienė Algita
Published: December 2016

Likvidumo rodikliai traktuojami kaip vieni iš svarbiausių įmonės finansinę būklę rodančių rodiklių. Likvidumas neatsiejamai veikia įmonės vertę. Svarbu nustatyti, kaip, kontroliuojant įmonės likvidumo rodiklius, teigiamai paveikti įmonės vertę ir identifikuoti esminius įmonės finansinio likvidumo veiksnius, kuriems reikėtų skirti daugiausiai dėmesio, siekiant maksimizuoti įmonės vertę. Straipsnyje pateikiamas išvestinis DuPont analizės modelis, pagal kurį vertinamas įmonės grynasis apyvartinis kapitalas ir pridėtinė ekonominė vertė (angl. Economic Value Added – EVA). Ši minėto modelio kintamųjų priklausomybės schema pagrindžia likvidumo poveikį galutinei įmonės vertei. Pateikiamas praktinis modelio veikimas bei iš- vados. Šis išvestinis DuPont analizės modelis, paremtas apyvartinio kapitalo ir EVA kintamaisiais – tai instrumentas, naudingas įmonės vadovams bei akcininkams, siekiant padidinti įmonės vertę valdant įmonės likvidumą, ieškant papildomų galimybių didinti įmonės likvidumą.
FUNDAMENTALIOSIOS ANALIZĖS PANAUDOJIMO INVESTAVIMO SPRENDIMŲ PRIĖMIMUI VALIUTŲ RINKOJE GALIMYBIŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Girsaitė Inga , Žilinskij Grigorij
Published: December 2016

Dėl spartaus technologijų vystymosi, tarptautinė valiutų rinka tapo prieinama kiekvienam norinčiam investuoti. Pagrindinis valiutos prekybos tikslas: investavimas, tai pelnas iš valiutų kursų svyravimų. Šiuos svyravimus įtakoja fundamentalūs ir techniniai veiksniai. Todėl straipsnyje trumpai aprašyta valiutų porų charakteristika, aptarti pagrindiniai fundamentaliosios analizės valiutų vertę, nulemiantys veiksniai. Aprašyta valiutų kursų techninė analizė, kuri papildo fundamentaliąją analizę. Remiantis literatūros analize, pasirinkta tinkamiausia fundamentaliosios analizės teorija tolesnei plėtrai, papildant ją technine analize ir investuotojo psichologijos metodais.
INVESTICINIO PORTFELIO SUDARYMO YPATUMAI GLOBALIOJE VALIUTŲ RINKOJE
Authors: Miltakytė Indrė , Kvietkauskienė Alina
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojamas globalios Forex valiutų rinkos vaidmuo finansų rinkose. Apžvelgiami pagrindiniai šios rinkos išskirtinumai bei bruožai. Pateikiamos optimalaus investicinio portfelio valiutų rinkoje sudarymo ir valdymo galimybės. Straipsnio autorės analizuoja ir lygina tarpusavyje Markowitz ir dvigubo kozirio modelius, išskiria jų privalumus ir trūkumus, taikymo galimybes investicinio portfelio sudarymui globalioje valiutų rinkoje. Taip pat nurodomos galimos valiutinių sandorių rizikos, siūlomos apsisaugojimo ar vengimo priemonės bei finansiniai įrankiai. Atliekama teorinių šaltinių šia tema analizė bei pateikiamos išvados.
INTERNATIONALISATION CHALLENGES FOR INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
Authors: Žemaitis Eigirdas
Published: December 2016

High technology sector faces contemporary management challenges related with open innovation processes. Innovation dissemination is influenced by various variables, which require broad level of collaborative, creative efforts and effective internationalisation strategies for high technology companies. Main aim of the article is to discuss theoretical development in open innovation concept and internationalisation activities and to evaluate main challenges for internationalisation of innovation activities and sustainable inflow of new knowledge. In order to increase global competitiveness high technology sector actors need to understand important elements of innovation internationalisation process and adopt effective practice.
TRANSPORTO SISTEMOS ĮTAKA GYVENAMOSIOS PASKIRTIES NEKILNOJAMOJO TURTO RINKAI
Authors: Golembovskij Rišard , Vasilienė-Vasiliauskienė Virgilija
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos transporto sistemos bei nekilnojamojo turto ir nekilnojamojo turto rinkos koncepcijos, išskiriamos gyvenamosios paskirties nekilnojamojo turto rinkos charateristikos bei jos klasifikavimas. Aprašoma, kokie veiksniai įtakoja gyvenamosios paskirties nekilnojamojo turto rinką bei analizuojama, kaip konkretūs transporto sistemos elementai įtakoja būsto rinką. Šiais laikais yra susiduriama su problema - didėjantis prioritetų ir projektų skaičius apsunkina pasirinkimą, kuriam šalies ekonomikos sektoriui vyriausybė turėtų suteikti prioritetą. Dėl šios priežasties labai svarbu yra nustatyti transporto sistemos daromos įtakos lygį būsto rinkai, kas leistų tikslingai apskaičiuoti investicijų paskirstymą vystant infrastruktūrą
AVIACIJOS SEKTORIAUS REGULIUOJANČIŲ INSTITUCIJŲ POVEIKIO ORO NAVIGACIJOS PASLAUGŲ TEIKĖJŲ VEIKLOS PLĖTRAI TYRIMAS IR SPRENDIMAI
Authors: Petrovskis Romanas , Tunčikienė Živilė
Published: December 2016

Civilinės aviacijos sektoriaus infrastruktūros sudėtinė, neatskiriama dalis yra oro navigacijos paslaugų teikėjai (toliau – ONPT). Jų veiklos plėtrai vis didesnę įtaką turi įvairios šios srities tarptautinės organizacijos ir kartu šalies reguliuojančios institucijos. Straipsnyje analizuojama ONPT veiklos plėtrą lemiantys veiksniai ir pateikiamas atsakymas į klausimą, kokį poveikį jai turi aviacijos sektoriaus reguliuojančios institucijos, reguliuojančių institucijų ir oro navigacijos paslaugų teikėjų bendradarbiavimo modeliai bei valdymas. Tyrimui taikytas sisteminės analizės metodas, jungiantis teorinių ir praktinių organizacijos aplinkos ir jos poveikio organizacijos veiklai aspektų lyginamąją analizę ir vertinimą, apžvalginę organizacijų bendradarbiavimo formų analizę, loginę analizę organizacijų bendradarbiavimo valdymo gerinimo prielaidoms nustatyti. Atsižvelgiant į tyrimo rezultatus, pastebėta, siekiant įgyvendinant numatytus planus, ONPT tikslinga dalyvauti jiems iki šiol dažniausiai netaikytuose ar visiškai naujuose organizaciniuose junginiuose. Tam, kad dalyvavimas būtų efektyvus, turi būti užtikrintas racionalus bendradarbiavimo valdymas.
MOKESČIŲ VAIDMENS IR APMOKESTINIMO PRINCIPŲ TEORINĖ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Gilytė Kotryna , Skačkauskienė Ilona
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama nesutarimo dėl mokesčių sąvokos apibrėžimo, mokesčių atliekamų funkcijų, geros mokesčių sistemos apmokestinimo principų ir jiems keliamų uždavinių problema. Išnagrinėjus mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamus mokesčių apibrėžimus ir susiteminus įvairių darbų autorių siūlymus, galima teigti, kad mokesčiai yra privalomi mokėjimai į valstybės biudžetą, už kuriuos asmenims nėra atlyginama jokia specialia paslauga. Mokesčių funkcijų kritinė analizė leido išgryninti 2 pagrindines funkcijas – fiskalinę ir ekonominę. Formuojant mokesčių sistemą, pagrindiniais apmokestinimo principais laikomi: teisingumas, ekonominis efektyvumas, elastingumas ir produktyvumas bei administravimo paprastumas.
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF BALLISTIC DOWNFLOWS IN AN M-CLASS FLARE WITH THE INTERFACE REGION IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH
Authors: Brannon Sean R.
Published: December 2016

Despite significant advances in instrumentation, there remain no studies that analyze observations of on-disk flare loop plasma flows covering the entire evolution from chromospheric evaporation, through plasma cooling, to draining downflows. We present results from an imaging and spectroscopic observation from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) of the SOL2015–03–12T11:50:00 M-class flare, at high spatial resolution and time cadence. Our analysis of this event reveals initial plasma evaporation at flare temperatures indicated by 100–200 km s−1 blueshifts in the Fe xxi line. We subsequently observe plasma cooling into chromospheric lines (Si iv and O iv) with ∼11 minute delay, followed by loop draining at ∼40 km s−1 as indicated by a “C”-shaped redshift structure and significant (∼60 km s−1) non-thermal broadening. We use density-sensitive lines to calculate a plasma density for the flare loops, and estimate a theoretical cooling time approximately equal to the observed delay. Finally, we use a simple elliptical free-fall draining model to construct synthetic spectra, and perform what we believe to be the first direct comparison of such synthetic spectra to observations of draining downflows in flare loops.
A MONTE CARLO STUDY OF FLUX RATIOS OF RAMAN SCATTERED O vi FEATURES AT 6825 AND 7082 Å IN SYMBIOTIC STARS
Authors: Lee Young-Min , Lee Dae-Sub , Chang Seok-Jun , Heo Jeong-Eun , Lee Hee-Won , Hwang Narae , Park Byeong-Gon , Lee Ho-Gyu
Published: December 2016

Symbiotic stars are regarded as wide binary systems consisting of a hot white dwarf and a mass losing giant. They exhibit unique spectral features at 6825 and 7082 Å, which are formed via Raman scattering of O vi
λλ 1032 and 1038 with atomic hydrogen. We adopt a Monte Carlo technique to generate the same number of O vi
λ1032 and λ1038 line photons and compute the flux ratio

of these Raman scattered O vi features formed in neutral regions with a simple geometric shape as a function of H i column density N
H i
. In cylindrical and spherical neutral regions with the O vi source embedded inside, the flux ratio

shows an overall decrease from 3 to 1 as N
H i
increases in the range

. In cases of slab geometry and other geometries with the O vi source outside the H i region, Rayleigh escape operates to lower the flux ratio considerably. For moderate values of

the flux ratio behaves in a complicated way to exhibit a broad bump with a peak value of 3.5 in the case of a sphere geometry. We find that the ratio of Raman conversion efficiencies of O vi
λλ 1032, 1038 ranges from 0.8 to 3.5. Our high resolution spectra of “D” type HM Sge and “S” type AG Dra obtained with the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope show that the flux ratio

of AG Dra is significantly smaller than that of HM Sge, implying that “S” type symbiotics are characterized by higher N
H i
than “D” type symbiotics.
TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY OF CrH (X 6Σ+) AND AlH (X 1Σ+)
Authors: Halfen D. T. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: December 2016

New laboratory measurements of hydrides have been carried out using terahertz direct absorption spectroscopy. Spin components of the

transition of the free radical CrH (X
6Σ+) have been recorded in the range 730–734 GHz, as well as a new measurement of the

line of AlH (X
1Σ+) near 755 GHz. Both species were created in an AC discharge of H2, argon, and metal vapor. For CrH, the chromium source was Cr(CO)6, while AlH was produced from Al(CH3)3. The

and

fine-structure components were recorded for CrH, each which consists of resolved proton hyperfine doublets. For AlH, the two main quadrupole components,

and

, of the

transition were observed as blended features. These data were analyzed with previous

millimeter/submillimeter measurements with 6Σ and 1Σ Hamiltonians for chromium and aluminum hydrides, respectively, and rotational, fine-structure (CrH only), and hyperfine constants were derived. The new measurements have resulted in refined spectroscopic parameters for both species, as well as direct measurement of the respective

rotational transitions. This work also resolves a 10 MHz discrepancy in the frequency of the AlH line. CrH and AlH have already been observed in the photospheres of stars via their electronic transitions. These data will facilitate their discovery at submillimeter/terahertz wavelengths in circumstellar envelopes and perhaps in diffuse clouds.
PLASMA BETA DEPENDENCE OF THE ION-SCALE SPECTRAL BREAK OF SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE: HIGH-RESOLUTION 2D HYBRID SIMULATIONS
Authors: Franci Luca , Landi Simone , Matteini Lorenzo , Verdini Andrea , Hellinger Petr
Published: December 2016

We investigate properties of the ion-scale spectral break of solar wind turbulence by means of two-dimensional high-resolution hybrid particle-in-cell simulations. We impose an initial ambient magnetic field perpendicular to the simulation box and add a spectrum of in-plane, large-scale, magnetic and kinetic fluctuations. We perform a set of simulations with different values of the plasma β, distributed over three orders of magnitude, from 0.01 to 10. In all cases, once turbulence is fully developed, we observe a power-law spectrum of the fluctuating magnetic field on large scales (in the inertial range) with a spectral index close to −5/3, while in the sub-ion range we observe another power-law spectrum with a spectral index systematically varying with β (from around −3.6 for small values to around −2.9 for large ones). The two ranges are separated by a spectral break around ion scales. The length scale at which this transition occurs is found to be proportional to the ion inertial length, d

i
, for β ≪ 1 and to the ion gyroradius,

, for β ≫ 1, i.e., to the larger between the two scales in both the extreme regimes. For intermediate cases, i.e., β ∼ 1, a combination of the two scales is involved. We infer an empiric relation for the dependency of the spectral break on β that provides a good fit over the whole range of values. We compare our results with in situ observations in the solar wind and suggest possible explanations for such a behavior.
IONIZATION AND DUST CHARGING IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
Authors: Ivlev A. V. , Akimkin V. V. , Caselli P.
Published: December 2016

Ionization–recombination balance in dense interstellar and circumstellar environments is a key factor for a variety of important physical processes, such as chemical reactions, dust charging and coagulation, coupling of the gas with magnetic field, and development of instabilities in protoplanetary disks. We determine a critical gas density above which the recombination of electrons and ions on the grain surface dominates over the gas-phase recombination. For this regime, we present a self-consistent analytical model, which allows us to calculate exactly the abundances of charged species in dusty gas, without making assumptions on the grain charge distribution. To demonstrate the importance of the proposed approach, we check whether the conventional approximation of low grain charges is valid for typical protoplanetary disks, and discuss the implications for dust coagulation and development of the “dead zone” in the disk. The presented model is applicable for arbitrary grain-size distributions and, for given dust properties and conditions of the disk, has only one free parameter—the effective mass of the ions, shown to have a small effect on the results. The model can be easily included in numerical simulations following the dust evolution in dense molecular clouds and protoplanetary disks.
THE HAWAII INFRARED PARALLAX PROGRAM. II. YOUNG ULTRACOOL FIELD DWARFS*

†
Authors: Liu Michael C. , Dupuy Trent J. , Allers Katelyn N.
Published: December 2016

We present a large, uniform analysis of young (≈10–150 Myr) ultracool dwarfs, based on new high-precision infrared (IR) parallaxes for 68 objects. We find that low-gravity (vl-g) late-M and L dwarfs form a continuous sequence in IR color–magnitude diagrams, separate from the field population and from current theoretical models. These vl-g objects also appear distinct from young substellar (brown dwarf and exoplanet) companions, suggesting that the two populations may have a different range of physical properties. In contrast, at the L/T transition, young, old, and spectrally peculiar objects all span a relatively narrow range in near-IR absolute magnitudes. At a given spectral type, the IR absolute magnitudes of young objects can be offset from ordinary field dwarfs, with the largest offsets occurring in the Y and J bands for late-M dwarfs (brighter than the field) and mid-/late-L dwarfs (fainter than the field). Overall, low-gravity (vl-g) objects have the most uniform photometric behavior, while intermediate gravity (int-g) objects are more diverse, suggesting a third governing parameter beyond spectral type and gravity class. We examine the moving group membership for all young ultracool dwarfs with parallaxes, changing the status of 23 objects (including 8 previously identified planetary-mass candidates) and fortifying the status of another 28 objects. We use our resulting age-calibrated sample to establish empirical young isochrones and show a declining frequency of vl-g objects relative to int-g objects with increasing age. Notable individual objects in our sample include high-velocity (≳100 km s−1) int-g objects, very red late-L dwarfs with high surface gravities, candidate disk-bearing members of the MBM20 cloud and β Pic moving group, and very young distant interlopers. Finally, we provide a comprehensive summary of the absolute magnitudes and spectral classifications of young ultracool dwarfs, using a combined sample of 102 objects found in the field and as substellar companions to young stars.
MAPS OF THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS FROM COMBINED SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE AND PLANCK DATA
Authors: Crawford T. M. , Chown R. , Holder G. P. , Aird K. A. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Cho H-M. , Crites A. T. , Haan T. de , Dobbs M. A. , George E. M. , Halverson N. W. , Harrington N. L. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hou Z. , Hrubes J. D. , Keisler R. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Luong-Van D. , Marrone D. P. , McMahon J. J. , Meyer S. S. , Mocanu L. M. , Mohr J. J. , Natoli T. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Reichardt C. L. , Ruhl J. E. , Sayre J. T. , Schaffer K. K. , Shirokoff E. , Staniszewski Z. , Stark A. A. , Story K. T. , Vanderlinde K. , Vieira J. D. , Williamson R.
Published: December 2016

We present maps of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds from combined South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Planck data. The Planck satellite observes in nine bands, while the SPT data used in this work were taken with the three-band SPT-SZ camera, The SPT-SZ bands correspond closely to three of the nine Planck bands, namely those centered at 1.4, 2.1, and 3.0 mm. The angular resolution of the Planck data ranges from 5 to 10 arcmin, while the SPT resolution ranges from 1.0 to 1.7 arcmin. The combined maps take advantage of the high resolution of the SPT data and the long-timescale stability of the space-based Planck observations to deliver robust brightness measurements on scales from the size of the maps down to ∼1 arcmin. In each band, we first calibrate and color-correct the SPT data to match the Planck data, then we use noise estimates from each instrument and knowledge of each instrument’s beam to make the inverse-variance-weighted combination of the two instruments’ data as a function of angular scale. We create maps assuming a range of underlying emission spectra and at a range of final resolutions. We perform several consistency tests on the combined maps and estimate the expected noise in measurements of features in them. We compare maps from this work to those from the Herschel HERITAGE survey, finding general consistency between the data sets. All data products described in this paper are available for download from the NASA Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis server.
Profils de développement dans le Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA), avec ou sans déficience intellectuelle sévère. Implications pour l’évaluation et l’intervention
Authors: Adrien Jean-Louis , Bernard Marie-Anna , Thiébaut Eric , Gattegno Maria Pilar , Blanc Romuald , Kaye Kelley , Contejean Yves , Mazetto Camilla , Nassif Maria Clara , Costa Coelho De Souza Maria-Thereza , Nader-Grosbois Nathalie , Seynhaeve Isabel , De La Iglesia Gutierrez Myriam , Olivar Parra Jose-Sixto , Aiad Fethia , Sam Nadia , Belal Lina , Fekih Laid , Dionne Carmen , Rousseau Myriam , Stefanidou Konstantina , Bonnet-Brilhault Frédérique
Published: December 2016

Le développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel est particulièrement altéré chez les enfants avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) qui ont un très faible niveau de développement (entre 4 mois et 24 mois). La question est de savoir si cette altération développementale est identique selon l’âge de l’enfant et son degré de retard ou de déficience intellectuelle. L’étude porte sur 69 enfants issus de 7 pays (9 filles et 60 garçons) répartis en deux groupes d’âge réel, avec soit un retard léger, soit une déficience intellectuelle sévère (Groupe 1 : N = 39 ; 1 an 7 mois-3 ans et QD moyen 60 = ; et Groupe 2 : N = 30 ; 8 ans-14 ans et QD moyen = 15). Le développement est évalué à l’aide de la Batterie d’évaluation cognitive et socio-émotionnelle (BECS). Si on ne note aucune différence significative entre les niveaux de développement global, cognitif et socio-émotionnel des deux groupes, les plus jeunes enfants avec TSA présentent une plus grande hétérogénéité socio-émotionnelle. Par ailleurs, il existe des différences pour les domaines « relation affective » et « interaction sociale » (les niveaux sont plus élevés chez les enfants les plus jeunes) et « image de soi » et « imitation gestuelle » (les niveaux sont plus élevés chez les enfants les plus âgés). Les implications pour les pratiques d’évaluation et d’intervention en fonction de l’âge et du degré de retard de l’enfant sont abordées.
Les SES au pied de la lettre
Authors: Giraud Frédérique , Martinache Igor
Published: December 2016

Comment les sciences économiques et sociales lisent-elles la littérature ? Quels usages peuvent-elles en faire ? Qu’est-ce que la littérature peut apporter de spécifique aux SES ? Le dossier présenté dans ce numéro propose quelques éléments de réponse à ces questions, s’efforçant ainsi de construire des ponts entre des mondes qui seraient tentés de s’ignorer, les sciences sociales cherchant leur scientificité hors de la littérature.
Pour une sociologie de la littérature
Authors: Lahire Bernard
Published: December 2016

La sociologie s’est longtemps tenue à distance des œuvres en laissant le soin aux études littéraires d’entrer dans la chair textuelle. Mais des travaux récents ont montré la fécondité d’une sociologie dispositionnaliste de la création littéraire, qui cherche à articuler le plus systématiquement possible les propriétés des créateurs et celles de leurs créations. Ce qui est alors mis en relation, c’est la problématique existentielle du créateur, qu’une biographie sociologique est en mesure de reconstruire, et la problématique littéraire, qui en est la transposition dans l’ordre littéraire.
Marcel Proust et la sociologie
Authors: Dubois Jacques
Published: December 2016

Proust se met à rédiger À la recherche du temps perdu dans les années qui voient une nouvelle discipline savante prendre forme en France avec Émile Durkheim et Gabriel Tarde : la sociologie. Proust connaît son existence puisqu’il la mentionne à trois reprises dans son roman. Mais, si rien ne laisse croire qu’il s’est inspiré des deux fondateurs, le point de vue qu’il porte en romancier sur la société rejoint le leur à plusieurs endroits. Mieux : dans la Recherche , Proust annonce une sociologie à venir.
À quoi sert la théorie politique ?
Authors: Boudou Benjamin
Published: December 2016

Résumé Cet article part du constat d’un manque de légitimité de la théorie politique afin de mieux en souligner l’intérêt pour la science politique et les sciences humaines. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur présente un état des lieux des recrutements et thèses soutenues en théorie politique pour montrer sa situation minoritaire et la défiance dont elle fait l’objet. Puis, en interrogeant le rapport entre théorie et politique, l’auteur pose le problème de l’utilité de la discipline vis-à-vis de sciences sociales et de la société civile. L’auteur défend la pertinence de la théorie à partir des fonctions qu’elle doit remplir : une fonction heuristique, une fonction pédagogique, une fonction critique et une fonction éthique.
Parcours de recherche : Catherine Larrère
Authors: Larrère Catherine , Le Donné Margaux
Published: December 2016

Résumé Ce texte revient sur la trajectoire intellectuelle de Catherine Larrère et en particulier la façon dont elle a participé à introduire et développer en France depuis bientôt 25 ans les recherches philosophiques et politiques sur la protection de la nature à travers l’éthique environnementale, et plus généralement sur l’écologie politique.
L’ effet de frontière dans les mobilisations collectives de migrants en situation administrative précaire
Authors: Deleixhe Martin , Vertongen Youri Lou
Published: December 2016

Dans les théories post-nationales de la démocratie, les migrants occupent souvent une place de choix comme acteurs du renouveau de la contestation politique. Condamné pour une partie d’entre eux à une extrême précarité juridique et sociale par leur exclusion étatique, les mobilisations collectives de migrants revendiquant la régularisation de leur situation administrative sont alors présentées comme la figure de proue d’une citoyenneté transnationale innovante. Sur la base de deux observations participantes menées au sein de mouvements de sans-papiers, nous soumettons à l’examen l’hypothèse selon laquelle la frontière est cependant bien plus résiliente que ne le pensent les démocrates postnationaux. Car la frontière se reproduit sous la forme de distinctions proto-administratives jusque dans les endroits où l’on attend le moins, et notamment au sein des mouvements de lutte de migrants, par un phénomène que nous nommerons un « effet de frontière ». Cet article avancera d’une part que cet effet de frontière est un avatar de la « pensée d’État » telle qu’elle a été mise en évidence par Bourdieu et le mobilisera d’autre part pour fournir un début d’explication à l’extrême fragmentation des groupes de migrants en lutte.
Quasi-souveraineté et révolution
Authors: Flipo Fabrice
Published: December 2016

Dans cet article nous revenons sur la Critique de la Raison Dialectique de Jean-Paul Sartre (1960), dont nous montrons toute la richesse analytique et conceptuelle, en la mettant en rapport avec quelques-unes des catégories les plus utilisées dans la théorie politique contemporaine. L’écrit de Sartre s’avère d’une grande actualité, que ce soit pour éclairer le fonctionnement régulier des institutions ou les périodes révolutionnaires. Les concepts de groupe, série, quasi-souveraineté en particulier permettent d’éclairer certaines logiques de l’action collectives qui ont récemment été mises en lumière par des théoriciens comme Ernesto Laclau.
Webactivism and the dynamics of consumerist resistance : Analytical framework and experimental study
Authors: Bouille Julien , Robert-Demontrond Philippe
Published: December 2016

Cet article s’intéresse à une forme particulière et nouvelle d’activisme : le Webactivisme. Nous désignons par ce terme l’ensemble des stratégies de communication militantes qui sont exclusivement conçues et diffusées depuis les plateformes Web 2.0. L’objectif de cette recherche est double. Il s’agit en premier lieu de montrer que le Webactivisme répond de manière efficace aux défis organisationnels auxquels les collectifs de consommateurs militants sont d’ordinaire confrontés. Dans cette perspective, nous construisons une grille de lecture de la résistance consumériste sous l’angle de ses ressorts organisationnels. Trois niveaux d’analyse sont proposés pour rendre compte de cette articulation : les micro-tactiques, les macro-politiques et enfin les méso-dynamiques de la résistance, niveau au sein duquel le Webactivisme apparaît central. En second lieu, nous questionnons l’influence de ce Webactivisme sur les consommateurs en examinant pour cela le rôle particulier de la source Web dans la diffusion de messages persuasifs et la mise en œuvre d’actions militantes de terrain comme le « buycott ». Nous testons ainsi, par une expérimentation, l’impact de la crédibilité de la source Web et du type de plateforme, d’une part, sur l’acceptation des messages militants et, d’autre part, sur les intentions comportementales de résistance des consommateurs (intention de « buycott », de rediffusion de l’information et de re-consultation du site). Les résultats montrent que si la crédibilité de la source Web agit positivement sur le degré d’accord au message et sur les intentions de revisite de la plateforme, elle n’exerce en revanche aucune influence sur l’intention de « buycott » et de rediffusion de l’information. Le type de plateforme ne dispose d’aucun impact sur nos variables dépendantes.
La représentation des sens modaux dans trois langues romanes : le français, l’italien et le roumain. Du qualitatif au quantitatif et retour
Authors: Ricci Claudia , Rossari Corinne , Siminiciuc Elena
Published: December 2016

Résumé Cette étude se propose d’analyser, au moyen d’une recherche quantitative sur corpus, la fréquence de certaines formes véhiculant les sens modaux épistémique et concessif dans trois langues romanes : le français, l’italien et le roumain. Partant de l’observation que les mêmes formes véhiculent des sens modaux différents d’une langue à l’autre, nous mettons en évidence les points de proximité et de divergence dans l’actualisation de ces sens dans les trois langues considérées. Notre objectif est de fournir des pistes pour rendre compte de la répartition des sens modaux dans le lexique d’une langue ainsi que des facteurs qui favorisent le développement de ces sens sur certaines formes de la langue au détriment d’autres.
Le vieillissement des migrants à l’épreuve des sciences sociales
Authors: Madoui Mohamed
Published: December 2016

Cet article se propose de faire un état des lieux de la façon dont la question du vieillissement des immigrés est traitée par la littérature des sciences sociales en général, et de la sociologie en particulier. Il fait le constat de l’absence, dans l’abondante littérature en sociologie de l’immigration, de la thématique liée au vieillissement des immigrés. Il aura fallu attendre le début des années 1980 pour assister aux premières recherches portant sur les conditions d’hébergement, pour ensuite aborder la question délicate de l’accès aux soins et aux droits des vieux migrants.
Entre les allers et les retours : le choix rationnel des immigrés âgés
Authors: Mezzouj Fatima
Published: December 2016

Cet article, issu de notre travail de thèse de sociologie, concerne le parcours migratoire et les trajectoires de vie en France des personnes âgées immigrées originaires du Maghreb, à partir de ce questionnement : « Comment les personnes âgées immigrées analysent-elles leur parcours de vie en France ? » Passer du statut « d’actif » à celui de retraité ne se fait pas sans mal pour les anciens travailleurs immigrés. Cette étape est suivie d’une grande indécision qui n’est pas sans conséquence : rester en France ou retourner au pays ? Il s’agit de comprendre la manière dont ces hommes se racontent et racontent leur parcours migratoire, à travers lequel nous avons tenté de saisir des trajectoires de vie narrées par cette population qui arrive aujourd’hui à la plénitude de l’âge. L’analyse de ces tranches de vie nous a permis de passer du paradigme du vieil immigré en souffrance subissant les contraintes de la vie à celui de l’acteur en capacité de lire, dire et vivre sa situation de manière objective et rationnelle.
La formation des assistants sociaux à la Croix-Rouge française : héritage, adaptation, évolutions
Authors: Le Boterf Vanessa
Published: December 2016

La Croix-Rouge française ( cr f) est forte d’une solide tradition en matière de formation aux activités de service social qui remonte à la fin du xix e  siècle. S’adressant à l’origine aux femmes engagées auprès des blessés de guerre, les formations dispensées par la cr f s’étoffent et se diversifient en réponse aux transformations des besoins sociaux. À cet égard, l’évolution de la formation au diplôme d’Assistant social ( as ), mise sur pied dans les années 1930, revêt un caractère emblématique au sein de l’institution car elle témoigne de sa volonté de répondre au plus près aux exigences d’une réalité sociale en mouvement permanent. Organisées en réseau depuis près d’un quart de siècle, les écoles de formation d’ as de la cr f sont à l’écoute de ces évolutions et adaptent leurs orientations pédagogiques dans une logique de professionnalisation des parcours de formation, tout en s’efforçant de demeurer fidèles aux principes fondateurs du mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge.
Type specimens preserved in the Trèmols and Costa herbaria (BC)
Authors: Gavioli Laura , Ibáñez Neus , Soriano Ignasi
Published: December 2016

The Trèmols herbarium, preserved at the Botanical Institute of Barcelona, is one of the oldest herbaria in Catalonia, largely made up of European plants collected in 19th century. The digitization of this historical collection, currently in progress, has made possible to locate nomenclatural types of various authors, acquired through exchange. In this article, we indicate two syntypes (for Fumaria caespitosa Loscos and Carex loscosii Lange), and one isolectotype (Polygala vayredae Costa) in Trèmols herbarium. Additionally, we designate the lectotype of Polygala vayredae in the Costa herbarium and its isolectotype in the Vayreda herbarium.
Subfossil Cladocera and pollen as indicators of natural and anthropogenic trophic changes of Lake Jelonek (Tuchola Forest, N Poland) during the Holocene
Authors: Zawisza Edyta , Filbrandt-Czaja Anna , Correa-Metrio Alexander
Published: December 2016

Lake Jelonek is a small lake located in central northern Poland, in the Tuchola Forest. The sediments of the lake represent a natural archive that offers insights into the natural history of the region from the Late Glacial to present. In winter 2002, a 1330 cm long sediment core was recovered from the deepest part of lake. Using a multiproxy approach (cladocerans, pollen and basic geochemistry), we reconstructed trophic status changes through the last ~15,000 years. Special attention was devoted to the evaluation of nutrient contributions to the lake from natural and anthropogenic sources. The Cladocera analyses yielded a total of 29 species belonging to five families (Bosminidae, Daphniidae, Leptodoridae, Chydoridae, Sididae), with planktonic species representing more than 60% of Cladocera relative abundance throughout the core. The pollen results suggested four periods of increased human activity, so-called settlement phases. The first traces of human activity in the basin of Lake Jelonek appeared in the Atlantic period and were related with Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements. The second (Bronze Age) and the third (Iron Age) settlement phases are well marked by the paleolimnological proxies studied. This time period clearly manifested on the lake waters as an increasing trophy level probably caused by human-associated discharges of nutrients to the lake. After the third settlement phase cladoceran data indicated a significant decrease in the lake trophic level and the pollen data showed a recovery of forest cover. The fourth period of human economic activity during the early Middle Age was characterized by deforestation associated with land reclamation for grazing and cultivation of cereals, and the subsequent nutrient enrichment of lake waters. According to our results, the biological development of Lake Jelonek was determined by climate changes from Late Glacial up to the Atlantic period. Contrastingly, the most important driver for the lake development though the middle and late Holocene has been human activity within the lake catchment. The recovery of the lake trophic level during the last century, which is primarily related to extensive afforestation of the lake catchment, highlighted the importance of land use in the conservation of healthy water bodies.