bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF SHALLOW WATER AREA WITH MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Yagmur N. , Musaoglu N. , Taskin G.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Remote sensing techniques has been widely used for detecting water bodies in especially wetlands. Different classification methods and water indices has used for this purpose and there are numerous studies for detecting water bodies. However, detecting shallow water area is difficult comparing with deep water bodies because of the mixed pixels. Akgol Wetland is chosen as study area to detect shallow water. For this purpose, Sentinel 2 satellite image, which gives more accurate results thanks to higher spatial resolution than the images having medium spatial resolution, is used. In this study, two classification approaches were applied on Sentinel 2 image to detect shallow water area. In the first approach, effectiveness of indices was determined and classification of spectral bands with indices shows higher accuracy than classification of only spectral bands by using support vector machine classification method. In the second approach, support vector machine recursive feature elimination method used for the most effective features in the first approach. Besides overall accuracy of only spectral bands is obtained as 88.10%, spectral bands and indices’ accuracy was obtained as 91.84%.
VOLUNTEER GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN AFRICA
Authors: Yilma A. D.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. During the past few years much effort has been put into developing community-based methods to capture and analyze a large amount of data in a systematic manner. This new source of geo-referenced data could be very important throughout Africa where crowd sourcing activities or volunteered geographic information (VGI) enhance participation and decision making based on local knowledge. VGI has the potential to be a significant source of information for a variety of applications. It will especially help national mapping authorities to build and update their national geospatial datasets, and improve the availability and currency of the countries fundamental and thematic datasets. Governments therefore need to take proactive measures to develop strategies maximizing on the opportunity in the current technological development. This calls out the need to developing strategic guidance on how to strengthen the communities’ participation in data collection.The United Nations Economic commission for Africa developed a document on the best practices and principles for adopting community mapping and VGI in the mapping practices in Africa. An expert group meeting is held to gather experts in the field to discuss on the issues, review best practices and current status on citizen participation in community mapping and to develop a roadmap for the adoption of the technology and agree on the guiding principles. The outcome of the meeting resulted in the framing of guiding principles for community mapping which is published in 2017.This paper therefore provides overview of VGI in Africa and the efforts made to date.
PERFORMANCE OF GNSS CARRIER-TRACKING LOOP BASED ON KALMAN FILTER IN A CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Luo Y. , Yu C. , Li J. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) recently plays an extremely important role in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) applications for the modernized automations and mechanizations, e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), military aircrafts, etc. Nevertheless, GNSS signals are very vulnerable to the influence of various interferences when they are received on Earth, and the reason why it happens is that the long line-of-sight (LOS) distance between the satellite and the receiver user dramatically reduces the power strength after the signal reaches at the ground. The weak GNSS signal is hard to be handled with traditional phase lock loop (PLL), especially in a dynamic environment. Again, the trade-off among the coherent integration time of tracking loop, received signal power strength, and signal or user receiver dynamics is still a tough and remained problem to be solved. The Kalman filter (KF) is always a promising tool to efficiently decrease the random noise for the tracking process. In our work, we evaluate the performances of the tracking loop modelled with both standard KF and extended Kalman filter (EKF). An adaptive algorithm for the covariance matrix of the process noise is contained in our system to increase the tracking ability in a weak and dynamic environment. Besides, a noise channel is also contained to automatically adjust the priori measurement covariance for the KF tracking loop model. Simulation results demonstrate the performance with the proposed technique.
MAPPING VELOCITY OF THE POTSDAM GLACIER, EAST ANTARCTICA USING LANDSAT-8 DATA
Authors: Jawak S. D. , Joshi M. , Luis A. J. , Pandit P. H. , Kumar S. , Wankhede S. F. ,   Anirudh T. Somadas
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Most of the glaciers have been retreating and thinning globally due to climate change. Glacier velocity is one such important parameter of glacier dynamics, which helps to understand the mass balance. The variations in velocity at different areas of the glacier can be used to identify the zones of ablation and accumulation. Zones of accumulation are identified as areas with higher velocity. This data is useful to incorporate in the glacier mass balance analysis. This study aims to derive the glacier velocity, using feature tracking technique for Potsdam glacier, east Antarctica. Feature tracking is an efficient way to derive glacier velocity, which is based on a cross-correlation algorithm that seeks offsets of the maximal correlation window on repeated satellite images. In this technique, two temporally different images are acquired for the same area and a distinct feature on both images is identified and the velocity is calculated with respect to the movement of that particular feature from one image to the other. Landsat-8 data for the year 2016 was used to derive velocity. Finer resolution promotes better feature tracking so the panchromatic band (band 8) of Landsat-8 OLI with a resolution of 15 m was utilized for deriving velocity. This technique was performed using COSI-Corr module in ENVI. This tool calculates displacement between the east-west and north-south directions, and the resultant velocity is calculated using the displacement in both directions and the temporal difference of two images. The velocity map generated at a resolution of 240 m showed that the resultant velocity ranged between 18.60 and 285.28 ma−1. Bias and root mean square error (RMSE) have been calculated with respect to the point-by-point MEaSUREs data provided by National Snow and Ice Data Centre at 1000 m resolution. The RMSE was found to be 78.06 ma−1 for 2016. The velocity for Potsdam glacier was also pictorially validated with the DGPS measurements from literature.
GEOMATIC METHODS APPLIED TO THE CHANGE STUDY OF THE LA PAÚL ROCK GLACIER, SPANISH PYRENEES
Authors: Martínez-Fernández A. , Serrano E. , Sanjosé J. J. , Gómez-Lende M. , Pisabarro A. , Sánchez M.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Rock glaciers are one of the most important features of the mountain permafrost in the Pyrenees. La Paúl is an active rock glacier located in the north face of the Posets massif in the La Paúl glacier cirque (Spanish Pyrenees). This study presents the preliminary results of the La Paúl rock glacier monitoring works carried out through two geomatic technologies since 2013: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) devices. Displacements measured on the rock glacier surface have demonstrated both the activity of the rock glacier and the utility of this equipment for the rock glaciers dynamic analysis. The glacier has exhibited the fastest displacements on its west side (over 35 cm yr−1), affected by the Little Ice Age, and frontal area (over 25 cm yr−1). As an indicator of permafrost in marginal environments and its peculiar morphology, La Paúl rock glacier encourages a more prolonged study and to the application of more geomatic techniques for its detailed analysis.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SVM, ANN AND CNN FOR CLASSIFYING VEGETATION SPECIES USING HYPERSPECTRAL THERMAL INFRARED DATA
Authors: Hasan M. , Ullah S. , Khan M. J. , Khurshid K.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Vegetation includes a significant class of terrestrial ecosystem. Information on tree species categorization is important for environmentalists, foresters, agriculturist, urban managers, landscape architects and biodiversity conservationist. The traditional methods of measuring and identifying tree species (i.e., through field-based survey) are time taking, laborious and costly. Remote sensing data provides an opportunity to identify and classify vegetation species over a large spatial extent. Hyperspectral remote sensing can detect the sublet spectral details among species classes and thus make it possible to differentiate vegetation species based on these subtle variations. This research examines the thermal infrared (2.5 to 14.0 μm) hyperspectral emissivity spectra (comprised of 3456 spectral bands) for the classification of thirteen different plant species. The use of thermal infrared hyperspectral emissivity spectra for the identification of vegetation species is very rare. Three different machine learning methods including support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) are used to classify thirteen vegetation species and their performance is assessed based on their overall accuracy. The accuracy obtained by CNN, ANN and SVM is 99%, 94% and 91%, respectively. Each classifier was also tested for the advantage associated with increase in training samples or object segmentation size. Increase in the training samples improved the performance of SVM. In a nutshell, all comparative machine learning methods provide very high classification accuracy and CNN outperformed the comparative methods. This study concludes that thermal infrared hyperspectral emissivity data has the potential to discern vegetation species using state of the art machine learning and deep learning methods.
Simulations of the 2005, 1910 and 1876 Vb cyclones over the Alps –
Sensitivity to model physics and cyclonic moisture flux
Authors: Stucki Peter , Froidevaux Paul , Zamuriano Marcelo , Isotta Francesco  Alessandro , Messmer Martina , Martynov Andrey
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In June 1876, June 1910 and August 2005, northern Switzerland was severely impacted by heavy precipitation and extreme floods. Although occurring in three different centuries, all three events featured very similar precipitation patterns and an extra-tropical storm following a cyclonic, so called Vb trajectory around the Alps. Going back in time from the recent to the historical cases, we explore the potential of dynamical downscaling a global reanalysis product from a grid size of 220 km to 3 km. We use the full, 56-member ensemble provided in the reanalysis and a regional weather model to investigate sensitivities of the simulated precipitation amounts to a set of differing model configurations. These setups are evaluated by combining spatial verification metrics, inter-subjective visual inspection and an objective similarity measure. The best-performing model setup, featuring a 1-day initialization period and moderate spectral nudging, is then applied to assess the sensitivity of simulated precipitation totals to cyclonic moisture flux along the downscaling steps. The analyses show that cyclone fields and tracks are well defined in the reanalysis ensemble for the 2005 and 1910 cases, while deviations increase for the 1876 case. In the downscaled ensemble, the accuracy of simulated precipitation totals is closely linked to the exact trajectory of the cyclone, with slight shifts producing erroneous precipitation, e.g., due to a break-up of the vortex if simulated too close to the Alpine topography. To reproduce the extreme events, continuous moisture fluxes of > 200 kg m−1s−1 from accurate directions are required. Misplacements of the vortex, in particular for the 1876 case, point to limitations of downscaling from coarse input for such complex weather situations and for the more distant past. On the upside, a well-reasoned selection of reanalysis members for downscaling may be adequate in cases where the driving large-scale features in the atmosphere are well known.
Regional influence of ocean-climate teleconnections on the timingand duration of MODIS derived snow cover in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Bevington Alexandre R. , Gleason Hunter E. , Foord Vanessa N. , Floyd William C. , Griesbauer Hardy P.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We use the twice daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro–Radiometer (MODIS) snow cover product to study the regional influence of the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on snow cover in British Columbia (BC). We apply a locally weighted regression (LOWESS) interpolation to the MODIS normalized difference snow index (NDSI) time series to detect the timing and duration of snow. We confirm the general consensus from many previous in situ studies that both ONI and PDO have significant impacts on snow cover in BC. We add to this knowledge by performing seasonal and regional analysis using established hydrozones, and explore variation in our results by elevation bins of 500 m. We calibrated our method with in situ snow water equivalent (SWE) data, and found an optimal NDSI threshold of 30 for detecting continuous snow cover.We separate automatic snow weather station data into calibration (75 %) and validation (25 %) subsets and obtain mean absolute errors between the MODIS and in situ observations for the start, end and duration of 8.7, 8.9 and 13.1 days for the calibration data, and 12.7, 12.6 and 16.6 for the validation data, respectively. In general, the start date of snow is poorly correlated with both ONI and PDO, whereas end date and duration are strongly negatively correlated. Regional patterns emerge where northern and southern BC are most correlated to the PDO and the ONI, respectively. These relationships are generally stronger at lower elevations, and vary spatially. This study demonstrates that the suitability of ocean-climate teleconnections as predictors of the timing and duration of snow varies throughout BC.
Diógenes «el Cínico»: entre la anécdota y la historia
Authors: Terceiro Sanmartín Nerea 
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo analiza la validez de las χρεῖαι o ‘anécdotas’ sobre Diógenes de Sinope (413-323 a.C.) como fuente para su estudio desde un punto de vista histórico, teniendo en cuenta el debate existente en torno al tema. Se estudian las características de la χρεία desde la perspectiva de la teoría retórica, constatando la importancia de la expresión de las circunstancias de la anécdota. En vista de ello, se destaca que aquellas χρεῖαι sobre Diógenes que poseen un contenido espacial o tópico, consideradas de forma homogénea, responden a contextos identificables en la Atenas del siglo IV que concuerdan, además, con la condición jurídica de Diógenes como meteco y su estrategia comunicativa como cínico. Esta correspondencia dotaría a las anécdotas, cuando menos, de cierta verosimilitud, pues muestran un contexto histórico coherente y reconocible en la Atenas democrática.
Gestão pública e Estado materialmente democrático: a participação social na reforma do Ensino Médio
Authors: Francis dos Santos Maciel Caroline Stéphanie
Published: June 2019

No contexto pós-Constituição de 1988, busca-se a consolidação de uma cultura de acesso à informação, de transparência e de participação social na gestão pública no Brasil. Nesse cenário, este artigo traz reflexões teóricas sobre democracia co-participativa e exercício do dissenso e contraditório no processo legislativo. A partir da técnica metodológica de estudo de caso, esses conceitos e teorias são aplicados na análise da efetividade da participação social na construção da Lei nº 13.415/17, que fez modificações na estrutura curricular do ensino médio. Para tanto, avaliam-se as audiências e consultas públicas realizadas, tanto na concepção da política dentro do Executivo como durante a tramitação da MP nº 746/16 no Congresso. Ao final, demonstra-se como os mecanismos de participação são usados como mera formalidade no processo legislativo, sem significarem efetivo poder de influência aos afetados.
Aborto y legislación: Tegualda Monreal
Authors: Chilena de Salud Pública Revista
Published: June 2019

Reimpresión Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología Vol. 37, No.2, 1973
Caracterización de recién nacidos, evaluados con Audiometría de potencial auditivo evocado en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena, periodo 2007-2011, y alcances al protocolo
Authors: Henríquez Vallejos Sandra , González Gavilán Daniela , Pérez Sanhueza Gonzalo
Published: June 2019

A través de evidencia empírica se describe el número de recién nacidos que son diagnosticados en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco, al realizarse el examen de Potencial evocado auditivo extendido, el último examen que indica el protocolo de las garantías explícitas de salud para confirmar o descartar la hipoacusia en los recién nacidos. Tomando una muestra representativa de la totalidad de los niños evaluados desde el 2007 al 2011, analizando los datos de 793 niños, con el paquete estadístico SPSS en su versión 20.0, que fueron derivados a la confirmación diagnóstica por haber referido dos veces en el Potencial auditivo de screening (para los prematuros) y todos aquellos recién nacidos en que en sus controles con especialistas como pediatras, otorrinolaringólogo o médicos generales, se detectaron problemas auditivos. Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, longitudinal, descriptivo, ya que se les repitió hasta una sexta vez los exámenes (potencial auditivo evocado e impedanciometría) a todos aquellos niños que presentaban una curva impedanciométrica C o B, por tener otitis media aguda, en uno o ambos oídos. Sobre dos poblaciones, prematuros (con factores de riesgo), y no prematuros (sin factores de riesgo), se encontró en ambos  grupos grados de hipoacusia neurosensorial fluctuante de leve a severa en diferentes porcentajes, permitiendo caracterizar la población de recién nacidos que presentan hipoacusia con y sin factores de riesgo, dejando en evidencia la importancia de realizar una evaluación auditiva a todos los recién nacidos, para detectarla precozmente y habilitar de forma inmediata a aquellos niños que lo requieran.
Percepción cultural respecto al embarazo no planeado de mujeres gestantes viviendo con VIH
Authors: Chávez-Courtois Mayra Lilia , Canales Raymundo , Figueroa-Damián Ricardo
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: En el presente trabajo se exploraron percepciones culturales de mujeres gestantes viviendo con VIH que cursaron un embarazo no planeado, con la finalidad de comprender su toma de decisiones en lo relativo a la vida reproductiva. Material y métodos: Todas las mujeres fueron atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México. El estudio tuvo un enfoque sociocultural con una base metodológica cualitativa, y se realizó análisis del discurso. Previo consentimiento informado, a cada mujer se le aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada. Se estudiaron 15 gestantes con VIH que no planearon su embarazo. Los temas principales que se exploraron en la entrevista fueron: 1) significado del embarazo; 2) percepción de la infección por el VIH; 3) motivos para continuar el embarazo no planeado; y 4) preocupaciones de la tríada mujer-maternidad-VIH. Resultados: La razón más frecuente para continuar el embarazo no planeado fue la percepción sociocultural del aborto como crimen. Los familiares y el personal de salud fueron las personas que con mayor frecuencia sugirieron continuar el embarazo. Conclusiones: El contexto social y cultural que determina las creencias y significados sobre la infección por el VIH y la reproducción, tiene un papel fundamental para comprender el comportamiento de las embarazadas gestantes viviendo con VIH. A estas mujeres se les debe proporcionar la atención sin prejuicios y sugerirles las opciones de manejo solicitándoles su opinión.
Optimización del uso de antibióticos: sugerencias para su implementación
Authors: Concha Rodrigo
Published: June 2019

Dado el aumento de la resistencia bacteriana y la necesidad de implementar acciones de Control de la Prescripción, este artículo pretende describir experiencias utilizadas en algunos hospitales vinculados a la Universidad de Harvard (Boston, Estados Unidos), con la finalidad de evaluar su utilización en la creación de Programas de Optimización de Uso de Antibióticos en la Red Pública de Salud de Chile y su implementación a través de la Gestión Clínica.
A Case Study of Teacher Engagement in Partisan Politics and It’s Influences on Students Learning and Classroom Practices: Perspective on Bangladesh
Authors: Shiddike Mohammad Omar
Published: June 2019

The main purpose of this study is to uncover the various ways in which teacher engagement in partisan politics goesahead to influence the delivery of the teacher in the classroom as well as the learning of the students in highereducation institutions in Bangladesh. The sole approach to the study focuses on two higher education institutions inBangladesh as the study focused on how teacher engagement in partisan politics goes ahead to affect the learning ofthe students as well as the professional output of the teachers. Through the framework provided by the literaturereview, the qualitative study went ahead to explore both individuals as well as collective opinions which went toshow that indeed partisan politics did indeed affect the professional duties of the teachers leading to implications tothe students as well.
Coping in Newly Diagnosed, Spanish-Speaking Men who Have Sex with Men and Live with HIV : A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Garrido-Hernansaiz Helena , Alonso-Tapia Jesús , Martín-Fernández Manuel
Published: June 2019

The use of coping strategies depends on the type of adversity, and HIV infection creates different difficult situations to cope with. However, most coping questionnaires do not consider its situational character. This study sought to analyze coping and its effectiveness in the case of newly diagnosed HIV-positive Spanish-speaking men who have sex with men (MSM), for which a short form of the Situated Coping Questionnaire for Adults (SCQA) was validated in this population. 115 such diagnosed Spanish-speaking MSM (mostly from Spain and Latin America) completed the SCQA along with anxiety, depression, health-related resilience, and disclosure measures. Four models were compared through Bayesian structural equation modeling to test factorial validity; reliability coefficients were obtained, and criterion validity was ascertained via correlation analyses. The model considering the type of situation was superior to the rest, reliability was adequate, and coping strategies were shown to be related to anxiety, depression, resilience, and degree of disclosure. The short form of the SCQA is a valid means of assessing situated coping among Spanish-speaking HIV-positive MSM and, when used with other measurement tools, can be informative about coping effectiveness.
The Relation of Occupational Identity, and Family Background Variables in a Hungarian Sample of Emerging Adults
Authors: A. Elekes Szende
Published: June 2019

Method: Besides demographic variables and data regarding the participants’ family background, we used the Melgosa Occupational Identity Scale (OIS), Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The sample consisted of 220 19–29-year-old emerging adults. Background: In the last few decades, identity formation has been postponed until the mid or late twenties (ARNETT 2000). ARNETT calls this specific period between 19–27 emerging adulthood. According to WATERMAN (1999), some family variables can foster or hinder the process of identity development. In our study, we investigate the relation of parenting styles described by BAUMRIND (1991), two-parent or one-parent family backgrounds, and occupational identity. Among the dimensions of identity, we will focus on occupational identity, since it has great importance in this period of life. Results: According to our hypothesis, identity diffusion and moratorium show a slightly negative correlation with age. Regarding occupational identity, it seems significant whether the person could or could not find a job in accordance with their qualifications: the moratorium is higher among those who could not, while foreclosure and identity achievement is higher among those who found a job in their professional field. Regarding family background, it seems that children of divorced parents do now show higher rates of less adaptive identity statuses, but foreclosure is higher among children raised in two-parent families. Conforming to our expectations, we found that permissive parenting is related to identity diffusion, while interestingly, both the father’s and the mother’s authoritative parenting is related to foreclosure.
The First Person
Authors: Cargile James ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: June 2019

Many languages have a first person singular subject pronoun (‘I’ in English). Fewer also have a first person singular object pronoun (‘me’ in English). The term ‘I’ is commonly used to refer to the person using the term. It has a variety of other uses. A normal person is able to refer to theirself and think about their self and this is of course an important feature of being a person. For any person x, no one other than x can possibly think about x and by that alone, qualify as thinking about theirself. Perhaps this is special. However, there is a strong tendency to conflate this important capacity with capacities of grammar, such as thinking first person thoughts or ‘I thoughts.’ This leads to attempts to establish necessary truths about persons on the basis of rules of grammar which are not logically necessary. Thinking about oneself does not logically require a first person linguistic capacity. This essay is criticizing various tendencies to overlook this.
Ersatz Belief and Real Belief
Authors: Gellman Jerome ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: June 2019

Philosophers have given much attention to belief and knowledge. Here I introduce an epistemic category close to but different from belief, that I call ‘ersatz’ belief. Recognition of this category refines our catalogue of epistemic attitudes in an important way.
A interface dança e autismo: o que nos revela a produção científica
Authors: Silva Elaine De Carvalho , Orlando Rosimeire Maria
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica nacional de teses, dissertações e artigos sobre a interface - Dança e Autismo focando os seguintes parâmetros bibliométricos: áreas de conhecimento; distribuição geográfica e institucional; distribuição temporal; objetivos; tipologia dos estudos. Adicionalmente foi realizada uma análise crítica para construção de indicadores da produção em questão. O procedimento metodológico foi baseado na abordagem da bibliometria com utilização do software Mendeley para organização dos dados coletados em ambientes virtuais. Em suma, os resultados apresentaram quatro estudos em âmbito nacional, com publicações recentes, entre 2013 e 2015, e distribuídos nas regiões centro-oeste, sudeste e nordeste do país. De forma geral os estudos encontrados objetivaram analisar a dança como forma de desenvolvimento da comunicação, interação social e afetiva e de reabilitação motora. Foram baseados na abordagem qualitativa e, ainda que em número pequeno, sugerem a eficácia da dança como intervenção e estimulação no desenvolvimento global de crianças com autismo.
O Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem no acolhimento das expectativas de participantes de cursos de Educação a Distância
Authors: Bock Geisa Letícia Kempfer , Gesser Marivete , Nuernberg Adriano Henrique
Published: June 2019

A eliminação das barreiras para garantir o acesso ao conhecimento de estudantes com distintos perfis de aprendizagem é um desafio nas diferentes etapas e modalidades de ensino. Na educação a distância, os planejamentos dos cursos e disciplinas devem contemplar as diferentes necessidades de todas as pessoas. Este estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, foi realizado com o intuito de verificar se os princípios e diretrizes do DUA (Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem) acolhem as expectativas de participantes de cursos de EaD no que se refere à participação com autonomia nessa modalidade de ensino. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da técnica Thinking aload, para isso contou-se com o software Ocam e, posteriormente, empregou-se a análise de conteúdos com apoio do software Atlas.ti 8.0 para tratamento dos resultados. Esse estudo antecede a oferta do curso de extensão para a comunidade e primou por contemplar a participação de pessoas com deficiência, inspirado pelos estudos emancipatórios. Acredita-se que a participação de pessoas com características diversificadas para aprendizagem é fundamental para a construção de ambientes mais inclusivos, desvelando necessidades de adequações em objetivos, materiais, estratégias, avaliações e organização do espaço virtual de aprendizagem. O framework do DUA contemplou as falas dos participantes revelando ser adequado para a aplicabilidade no planejamento e na oferta de cursos que se pretendem acessíveis, considerando, a priori, a existência de pessoas com diferentes características para participação e permanência nos cursos a distância.
La Route maritime de la soie dans l’océan Indien : Une nouvelle conception de la puissance maritime par la Chine
Authors: Péron-Doise Marianne
Published: June 2019

L’océan Indien, porte d’accès à l’énergie et voie essentielle du transport maritime international, a toujours été important pour la Chine. Avec le projet Route maritime de la soie, il se positionne comme l’incubateur d’une nouvelle conception chinoise de la puissance maritime. Cette vision à dominante géoéconomique et le concept de « connectivité maritime » qui la sous-tend ne se traduisent pas par le développement de partenariats et de coopérations avec les États littoraux, car elle se heurte à un système maritime anarchique, dominé par des visions traditionnelles de la sécurité et des rivalités de puissances. Dans ce contexte compétitif, l’approche chinoise se cantonne à un rapport de force économique vis-à-vis de ses partenaires et à la mise en place d’infrastructures à usage dual, civil et militaire qui reflète l’ambivalence de sa posture.
Les pratiques hybrides de sécurité
Authors: Lavallée Chantal , Mérand Frédéric , Mulone Massimiliano , Tanner Samuel
Published: June 2019

Cette note de recherche propose un état des connaissances sur les rapports entre multinationales, compagnies privées de sécurité et autorités publiques dans le secteur de l’extraction minière ou pétrolière. Les sites que gèrent les entreprises extractives sont souvent situés dans des zones de conflits, des territoires contestés ou sujets à l’instabilité politique, c’est-à-dire dans des États faibles. L’objectif de cette note est de mobiliser une littérature florissante et une expertise embryonnaire en mettant l’accent sur les relations entre acteurs publics et privés en matière de sécurité. Elle montre d’abord comment le principe de responsabilité sociale des entreprises, influent dans le secteur extractif, est à l’origine de pratiques discursives et opérationnelles liées à la sécurité de plus en plus répandues. Puis elle présente des points de vue contrastés sur la nature et la portée de la coopération entre États faibles et industries. Enfin, elle décrit les assemblages qui émergent entre multinationales, compagnies privées de sécurité et autorités publiques dans les États faibles, mettant en lumière de nouvelles pratiques hybrides de sécurité.
Valores séricos para eletrólitos e minerais em jabutis Chelonoidis carbonaria (Reptilia, Testudinidae) mantidos em cativeiro no município de Uberlândia, MG
Authors: Pereira Paulo Vinícius Rocha , Pereira Saulo Gonçalves , Silva Adriele Laurinda , Monteiro Eva Mendes , Cardoso Taciano Dos Reis , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto
Published: June 2019

Chelonoidis carbonaria - Spix, 1824, (jabuti-piranga ou jabuti-das-patas-vermelhas) é considerado o principal testudine mantido em cativeiro e possui amplo comércio ilegal, já que é uma espécie muito procurada como animal de estimação. Portanto, o conhecimento acerca dos valores séricos metabólicos de C. carbonaria é de grande relevância na prática clínica destes animais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se mensurar os valores dos constituintes bioquímicos minerais e dos eletrólitos séricos (cálcio, cloretos, ferro, fósforo, magnésio, potássio e sódio) em C. carbonaria mantidos em cativeiro. Para tanto, foram utilizados 25 animais jabuti-piranga, de ambos os sexos, dos quais foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas para análise bioquímica de minerais e eletrólitos séricos com analisador automático (Flexor XL). A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial por meio do teste paramétrico T - Student e do não paramétrico Wilcoxon, sendo considerado o nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que não houveram diferenças estatísticas significativas dos valores séricos entre machos e fêmeas (p > 0,05), e também não demonstraram diferenças nas médias observadas em comparação a outras espécies de Testudines realizados por outros estudos. Conclui-se que os constituintes bioquímicos minerais e os eletrólitos séricos não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os sexos de C. carbonaria ,/i> e nem desta espécie com outras espécies de quelôneos.
Agrarian writers, agronomists
Authors: Goodman Penelope J.
Published: June 2019

The ancient agrarian writers (or agronomists) wrote manuals on the practice of farming. Though often categorized as technical literature, the principal surviving examples – Cato's
De agri cultura
, Varro's
Res rusticae,
and Columella's
De re rustica
– all demonstrate literary self‐conscious, and in Varro and Columella this is highly developed. The genre was always highly moralizing, and concerned at least as much with elite self‐fashioning as providing practical guidance to agriculturalists. But it does provide important insights into the economics and technological practices of ancient farming.
Ahmose‐Nefertiry
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Ahmose‐Nefertiry, queen of Egypt, late sixteenth century
bce
. Wife of King Ahmose I, mother of Amenhotep I, and later a funerary deity.
Third Intermediate Period, Egypt
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Third Intermediate Period, Egypt, eleventh to early seventh centuriesbce.
Shabaka
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Shabaka, king of Egypt and Nubia, 705–690
bce
Tanutamun, Tanwetamani
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Tanutamun, King of Egypt and Nubia, 25th Egyptian Dynasty, came to throne 664
bce
.
Cleopatra, alchemist
Authors: Fabrizi Virginia
Published: June 2019

Greek and Byzantine alchemical texts refer to the teachings of an alchemist named Cleopatra, whom they possibly identified with the queen of Egypt Cleopatra VII. Although such writings are very probably spurious, they testify to the prestige attached to Cleopatra's name in Greco‐Egyptian and Byzantine alchemy. One of these texts, the
Dialogue of Cleopatra and the philosophers
, is notable for the metaphor of death and resurrection that it uses to describe the transmutation of metals.
Meteorology
Authors: Taub Liba
Published: June 2019

For ancient Greeks and Romans, meteorology – the study of
meteora
(“things high up”) – treated phenomena including wind, rain, thunder, and lightning (classified today as atmospheric), as well as comets and earthquakes (now regarded as astronomical or seismological). The focus on phenomena as observed events is a hallmark of Greco‐Roman meteorology, which aimed to explain meteorological phenomena as occurring naturally, rather than due to extra‐ or supernatural causes.
Ainesidemos of Knossos
Authors: Ioppolo Anna Maria
Published: June 2019

Ainesidemos was a Greek philosopher who flourished in the first half of the first century
bce
and who founded a new school of skepticism under the name of Pyrrho. We know very little about his life and most of what we know is controversial. According to the evidence, we cannot say with any certainty the exact date of his birth or conclude whether he was born in Knossos or Aigai. It seems he began as a student at the skeptical Academy under Philon of Larissa and that he abandoned it due to its increasing concessions to Stoic dogmatism.
Nuraghe Genna Maria of Villanovaforru
Authors: Perra Mauro
Published: June 2019

The nuraghe complex of Genna Maria near Villanovaforru is situated on top of a cone‐shaped hill, at 409 m above sea level. The name Genna Maria derives from the Latin
Janua Maris
, or “door of the sea.” Indeed, on clear days both the Gulf of Cagliari and the Bay of Oristano are visible from the top of the hill.
Appius Claudius Caecus and Roman law
Authors: McClintock Aglaia
Published: June 2019

Appius Claudius Caecus was a Roman politician and jurist of the end of the fourth century
bce
. He is recorded as being the first Roman jurist of historical times to rise to the height of the science of law. According to the tradition he started not only Latin literature but also initiated the more specific genre of legal literature.
Callistratus
Authors: McClintock Aglaia
Published: June 2019

Callistratus was a Roman jurist who lived in the late second century and early third century
ce
. He came most probably from an eastern province and was educated in Greek culture. No work of his survives except for the many fragments included in Justinian's

D
igest

. His specialty was the legal procedure characteristic of the Severan period, the so‐called
cognitio extra ordinem
.
Proculus
Authors: Fiori Roberto
Published: June 2019

Proculus (first century
ce
) was one of the most important jurists of his time. Much has been speculated about his life, but we have reliable information only about his career as a jurist and about his works. He was the author of
Epistulae
and perhaps of
Notae ad Labeonem
and of an epitome to Labeo's
Posteriores
(
Posthumous Books
).
Improving the Activity for Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Tailoring Oxygen Defects in Double Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Zhu Yunmin , Zhang Lei , Zhao Bote , Chen Huijun , Liu Xi , Zhao Ran , Wang Xinwei , Liu Jiang , Chen Yan , Liu Meilin
Published: June 2019

Developing low‐cost, high‐performance electro‐catalysts is essential for large‐scale application of electrochemical energy devices. In this article, reported are the findings in understanding and controlling oxygen defects in PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF) for significantly enhancing the rate of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are reported. Utilizing surface‐sensitive characterization techniques and first‐principle calculations, it is found that excessive oxygen vacancies promote OH− affiliation and lower the theoretical energy for the formation of O* on the surface, thus greatly facilitating the OER kinetics. On the other hand, however, oxygen vacancies also increase the energy band gap and lower the O 2p band center of PBSCF, which may hinder OER kinetics. Still, careful tuning of these competing effects has resulted in enhanced OER activity for PBSCF with oxygen defects. This work also demonstrates that oxygen defects generated by different techniques have very different characteristics, resulting in different impacts on the activity of electrodes. In particular, PBSCF nanotubes after electrochemical reduction exhibit outstanding OER activity compared with the recently reported perovskite‐based catalysts.
An Oxide‐Dispersed Preparation Strategy for Silver Ultrathin Films with Low Percolation Threshold Thickness, Subnanometer Smoothness, and Prominent Durability
Authors: Xu Junjun , Li Jia , Huang Jinhua , Wang Zhaozhao , Sheng Wei , Yang Ye , Tan Ruiqin , Chen Guofei , Fang Xingzhong , Song Weijie
Published: June 2019

In this work, an oxide‐dispersed strategy is developed for Ag ultrathin films with low percolation thickness, ultrasmoothness, and excellent stability, which are all critical for their practical applications. Through simply sputtering of CdO‐containing Ag target, nearly amorphous Ag ultrathin films with CdO dispersion are prepared on glass or polyimide substrates under room temperature. The CdO‐dispersed Ag thin films exhibit a low percolation threshold of 5 nm with a transmittance of 89% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 32.9 Ω sq−1. The Ag–CdO films also feature an ultrasmooth growth with roughness remaining at 0.2 nm for further deposition. Furthermore, the CdO‐dispersed Ag thin films remain stable under 250 °C annealing in air, and highly accelerated stress test at 121 °C, 97% relative humidity (RH), and 0.1 MPa for 36 h. Flexible heaters with indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)/CdO‐dispersed Ag/ITO/polyimide structure can reach a working temperature of 450 °C within a few seconds. In addition, the oxide‐dispersed strategy for preparing Ag ultrathin films with low percolation, subnanometer smoothness, and prominent durability is further verified using SnO2 and ZnO. The present study provides new insights for the growth and properties of ultrathin metallic films, and pushes forward the practical applications of ultrathin metallic films in optoelectronic devices.
Biliary tumorigenic effect on hypopharyngeal cells is significantly enhanced by pH reduction
Authors: Doukas Sotirios G. , Cardoso Bruno , Tower Jacob I. , Vageli Dimitra P. , Sasaki Clarence T.
Published: June 2019

Biliary reflux has been considered a potential risk factor in upper aerodigestive tract malignancies. It is not yet clearly known how pH affects the bile‐induced activation of NF‐κB and its related oncogenic pathway previously linked to hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis. In this study, repetitive applications of conjugated primary bile acids with unconjugated secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), on human hypopharyngeal primary cells reveal that strongly acidic pH (4.0) optimally enhances the tumorigenic effect of bile, by inducing activation of NF‐κB, STAT3 nuclear translocation, bcl‐2 overexpression and significant overexpression of the oncogenic mRNA phenotype, compared to weakly acidic pH (5.5) or neutral pH (7.0). As the pH becomes less acidic the partially activated primary bile acids and activated DCA begin to exert their influence; however, with significantly less intensity compared to bile acids at strongly acidic pH. Our findings suggest that biliary tumorigenic effect is strongly pH dependent. Controlling pH during reflux events may be therapeutically effective in reducing the potential risk of bile‐induced hypopharyngeal cancer.
Embryonic stem cell microenvironment suppresses the malignancy of cutaneous melanoma cells by down‐regulating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wang Chenjie , Wang Xiaoran , Liu Jiahui , Huang Zheqian , Li Chaoyang , Liu Ying , Sang Xuan , Yang Liu , Wang Shoubi , Su Yaru , Liu Chengxiu , Liu Yizhi , Wang Zhichong
Published: June 2019

Malignant cancer cells engage in a dynamic reciprocity with the tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes tumor growth, development, and resistance to therapy. Early embryonic blastocyst microenvironments can reverse the tumorigenic phenotype of malignant cancer cells via ameliorating of TME. It is potential to apply embryonic stem cell (ESC) microenvironment to suppress the malignant behaviors of cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate a better method and the mechanism of ESC microenvironment supplied by ESCs on suppressing the malignancy of cutaneous melanoma cells. Cutaneous melanoma cell line A2058 were cultured and divided into four groups: (a) A2058‐only (Control); (b) A2058 and ESCs continuously co‐cultured (Group One); (c) A2058 co‐cultured with daily refreshed ESCs (Group two); (d) Group one with VO‐Ohpic, inhibitor of PTEN (VO‐Ohpic Group). The results showed that, compared to control group, A2058 cells in group one exhibited decreased cellular proliferation, migration, invasiveness and vasculogenic mimicry concomitant with an increase in cell apoptosis, accompanied by down‐regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Besides, the above mentioned anti‐tumor effects on A2058 cells were significantly enhanced in group two but statistically weakened after administration of VO‐Ohpic compared to group one. We demonstrate that ESC microenvironment reduces the malignancy of A2058 by down‐regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. Notably, such anti‐tumor effects can be enhanced by appropriately increasing the quality and quantity of ESCs in co‐culture system. Our results suggest that ESC microenvironment could be an effective and safe approach to treating cancer.
Yet another low‐level agent handler
Authors: Nunnari Fabrizio , Heloir Alexis
Published: June 2019

YALLAH is a framework for the creation of real‐time interactive virtual humans. Its production pipeline supports the continuous, parallel development of both the character and the software, and allows users for the deployment of a new character in a few hours of work. YALLAH is based on freely available software, mostly open‐source, and its modular software architecture provides a framework for the seamless integration of new features. Finally, thanks to transpilation, the whole framework is conceived to accommodate multiple game engines.
Impact of Substitution Registry on the Receptor‐Activation Profiles of Backbone‐Modified Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Analogues
Authors: Cary Brian P. , Hager Marlies V. , Gellman Samuel H.
Published: June 2019

Family B G protein‐coupled receptors play important physiological roles and possess large extracellular domains (ECDs) that aid in binding the long polypeptide hormones that are their natural agonists. We have previously shown that agonist analogues in which subsets of native α‐amino acid residues are replaced with β‐amino acid residues can retain activity while avoiding proteolytic degradation. This study focuses on eight new α/β analogues of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) that each contain five α‐to‐β replacements in the C‐terminal half of the peptide. This portion of GLP‐1 is known to adopt an α‐helical conformation and contact the ECD. All four registries of the αααβ backbone pattern were evaluated; previous work has shown that the αααβ pattern supports adoption of an α‐helix‐like conformation. Two α‐to‐β replacement formats were employed, one involving β3 homologues of the native residues replaced and the other involving a cyclic β residue. GLP‐1R response was characterized in terms of stimulation of cAMP production and β‐arrestin recruitment. Some of the backbone‐modified GLP‐1 analogues display biased agonism of the GLP‐1R. This study helps to establish the scope of the α→β backbone modification strategy.
Transradial access: A case for knowledge translation
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Lamelas Pablo M.
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Current transradial access (TRA) practices are unknown in the United States and the rest of the world.

There is a decline in preprocedure collateral assessment, low use of ultrasound, and infrequent radial patency check after hemostasis.

Significant knowledge–practice gaps exist in TRA calling for more dissemination and education.
Pedal access: Put the “pedal to the metal” or drive with caution?
Authors: Ansel Gary M. , Silver Mitchel J.
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Pedal artery access is associated with few acute complications.

Pedal access differs from radial access by often being and associated with the atherosclerotic process being treated.

Long‐term patency of pedal artery access is necessary before routine adoption.
Protecting the kidneys
Authors: Satler Lowell F.
Published: June 2019

Key Points

The DyeVert Plus system is a unique device that reduces contrast volume without sacrificing image quality.

Important components to reduce acute kidney injury include volume expansion, contrast reduction, and screening for risk.

Operators can make a conscious effort to limit contrast volume by limiting angiography to one cine run per vessel.