bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new EU–US data protection framework’s implications for healthcare
Authors: Tschider Charlotte , Compagnucci Marcelo Corrales , Minssen Timo
Published: September 2024

In July 2023, the United States and the European Union introduced the Data Privacy Framework (DPF), introducing the third generation of cross-border data transfer agreements constituting adequacy with respect to personal data transfers under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) between the European Union (EU) and the US. This framework may be used in cross-border healthcare and research relationships, which are highly desirable and increasingly essential to innovative health technology development and health services deployment. A reliable model meeting EU adequacy requirements could enhance the transfer of patient and research participant data. While the DPF might present a familiar terrain for US organizations, it also brings unique challenges. A notable concern is the ability of individual EU Member States to establish individual and additional requirements for health data that are more restrictive than GDPR requirements, which are not anticipated by the DPF. This article highlights the DPF’s potential impact on the healthcare and research sectors, finding that the DPF may not provide the degree of lawful health data transfer desirable for healthcare entities. We examine the DPF against a background of existing Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act obligations and other GDPR transfer tools to offer alternatives that can improve the likelihood of reliable, lawful health data transfer between the US and EU.
DNA double-strand break repair capacity and normal tissue toxicity induced by radiotherapy
Authors: Nishibuchi Ikuno , Tashiro Satoshi
Published: September 2024

Radiation therapy is used in the treatment of various cancers, and advancements in irradiation techniques have further expanded its applicability. For radiation oncologists, predicting adverse events remains a critical challenge, even with these technological advancements. Although numerous studies have been conducted to predict individual radiosensitivity, no biomarkers have been clinically applied thus far. This review focuses on γ-H2AX foci and chromosomal aberrations, providing an overview of their association with normal tissue toxicities.
A rare case of an EBV-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell tumor of the spleen
Authors: Eid Mira Khaldoun , AlQaqaa Ahmed Samer , Mohammed Ibraheem J , Shahait Awni D
Published: September 2024

Epstein–Barr virus positive inflammatory pseudotumor follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (EBV+ FDCS) is a rare indolent neoplasm that presents primarily in the spleen and liver. We display a case of EBV+ FDCS in the spleen, its clinic-pathologic properties, and treatment. Our patient was evaluated following an incidental finding of a splenic mass on imaging after a traumatic injury. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging both confirmed a well-circumscribed lesion in the spleen. Consequently, the patient underwent a robotic-assisted diagnostic splenectomy. Histologic examination revealed portions of spleen with partial effacement of tissue architecture by a well-circumscribed nonencapsulated mass displaying atypical, spindled cells—positive for EBER (CISH), EBV LMP1, smooth muscle actin, and clusterin—mixed inflammatory elements, and interspersed small lymphocytes.
Time-specific lipid and gene expression responses to chilling stress in panicoid grass
Authors: Angkawijaya Artik Elisa
Published: September 2024

This article comments on:

Kenchanmane Raju SK, Zhang Y, Mahboub S, Ngu DW, Qiu Y, Harmon FG, Schnable JC, Roston RL. 2024. Rhythmic lipid and gene expression responses to chilling in panicoid grasses. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae247
Identifying power relationships in conversations: the case of Pygmalion
Authors: Neuman Yair , Cohen Yochai
Published: September 2024

Power relationships express one party’s dominance, control, influence, and authority over the other. In this article, and using state-of-the-art AI tools, we show that power relationships can be automatically identified in textual data. Generating thousands of synthetic utterances expressing either dominance or compliance, we trained/ran three models that showed good classification performance. Moreover, using GPT-4, we present a novel method for presenting power asymmetry in conversations and visualizing the dynamics of power relationships over time. This methodology is presented and illustrated by analyzing a case study—The play Pygmalion by George Bernard Show.
What Are the Challenges Ahead for Training the Present and Next-Generation Microscopists in the Life Sciences (a.k.a. Structural Cell Biologists)?
Authors: Braet Filip , Taatjes Douglas J
Published: September 2024

Becoming a life scientist microscopist involves earning a bachelor’s degree in biology, biomedicine, or a related education program, specializing in microscopy-related areas. Advanced degrees (B.A. Hons., M.A. Res., or Ph.D.) enhance hands-on proficiencies and lay the foundation to become a microscopist or structural cell biologist. Staying updated on technological advancements, networking, and attending relevant microscopy conferences and workshops are central to the success of becoming an established, competent microscopist. Building an academic career in microscopy includes showcasing skills and proficiency in a research field. This involves teaching, scholarly dissemination, and achieving success in awards and grants, which are crucial for entry-level positions in academia. Continuous professional development in specific microscopy interests through workshops, self-education, online resources, or attaining additional certificates or diplomas is essential for academic career advancement, as the science of microscopy is not characterized by a status quo but is evolving at unprecedented speed. Tailoring education and understanding job requirements for academia, research organizations, or industry are critical decisions to align skills with career goals. In this themed contribution, we highlight key considerations for aspiring or junior microscopists to contemplate when building a successful research career in biological microscopy.
First measurement of the Mg ii forest correlation function in the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Tie Suk Sien , Hennawi Joseph F , Wang Feige , Onorato Silvia , Yang Jinyi , Bañados Eduardo , Davies Frederick B , Oñorbe Jose
Published: September 2024

Strong low-ionization transitions like the Mg ii$\lambda 2796,2804$ Å doublet are believed to produce a detectable ‘metal-line forest’, if metals pollute the neutral intergalatic medium (IGM). We measure the autocorrelation of the Mg ii forest transmission using 10 ground-based $z \ge 6.80$ quasar spectra probing the redshift range $5.96 \lt z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}} \lt 7.42$ ($z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}, median} = 6.47$). The correlation function exhibits strong small-scale clustering and a pronounced peak at the doublet velocity ($\Delta v = 768~{\rm km\, s^{-1}}$) arising from discrete absorbers in the circumgalactic medium of galaxies. After these strong absorbers are identified and masked the signal is consistent with noise. Our measurements are compared to a suite of models generated by combining a large hydrodynamical simulation with a seminumerical reionization topology, assuming a simple uniform enrichment model. We obtain a 95 per cent credibility upper limit of $[{\rm Mg/H}] \lt -3.73$ at $z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II},median} = 6.47$, assuming uninformative priors on [Mg/H] and the IGM neutral fraction $x_{\rm {H\, {\small I}}}$. Splitting the data into low-z ($5.96 \lt z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}} \lt 6.47$; $z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II},median} = 6.235$) and high-z ($6.47 \lt z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}} \lt 7.42$; $z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II},median} = 6.72$) subsamples again yields null detections and 95 per cent upper limits of $[{\rm Mg/H}] \lt -3.75$ and $\lt -3.45$, respectively. These first measurements set the stage for making the Mg ii forest an emerging tool to precisely constrain the Universe reionization and enrichment history.
Cooperative binding of bivalent ligands yields new insights into the guanidine-II riboswitch
Authors: Steuer Jakob , Sinn Malte , Eble Franziska , Rütschlin Sina , Böttcher Thomas , Hartig Jörg S , Peter Christine
Published: September 2024

Riboswitches are involved in regulating the gene expression in bacteria. They are located within the untranslated regions of bacterial messenger RNA and function as switches by adjusting their shape, depending on the presence or absence of specific ligands. To decipher the fundamental aspects of bacterial gene control, it is therefore important to understand the mechanisms that underlie these conformational switches. To this end, a combination of an experimental binding study, molecular simulations and machine learning has been employed to obtain insights into the conformational changes and structural dynamics of the guanidine-II riboswitch. By exploiting the design of a bivalent ligand, we were able to study ligand binding in the aptamer dimer at the molecular level. Spontaneous ligand-binding events, which are usually difficult to simulate, were observed and the contributing factors are described. These findings were further confirmed by in vivo experiments, where the cooperative binding effects of the bivalent ligands resulted in increased binding affinity compared to the native guanidinium ligand. Beyond ligand binding itself, the simulations revealed a novel, ligand-dependent base-stacking interaction outside of the binding pocket that stabilizes the riboswitch.
Brain tumor patient perceptions toward repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for rehabilitation after surgery
Authors: Ali Ahmad M S , Aliaga-Arias Jahard , Zakaria Rasheed , Jenkinson Michael D , Ghimire Prajwal , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars , Mirallave-Pescador Ana , Vergani Francesco , Lavrador Jose Pedro
Published: September 2024

Background

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is established for depression and rehabilitation after stroke and is emerging for cognitive rehabilitation. We sought to evaluate patient and carer perceptions toward rTMS for rehabilitation after neurosurgery.

Methods

Two surveys were undertaken. Group 1: Patients who received 7 days of rTMS for motor or language rehabilitation for severe postoperative deficits following lesional resection were prospectively surveyed on the last day of their rTMS treatment, as well as their next of kin. Group 2: Patients who had previously been diagnosed with glioma but did not receive rTMS were retrospectively surveyed through two brain tumor charities, including next of kin.

Results

Group 1: Twenty-one responses. Eleven patients, 10 next of kin. The commonest pathology was WHO Grade 4 glioma (n = 3). Group 2: 24 responses. Sixteen patients, 8 next of kin. The commonest pathology was WHO Grade 2 glioma (n = 7). Most Group 1 respondents reported a positive experience of rTMS (15/21). Patients experienced subjective improvements in gross motor functions of arm and leg weakness and purposeful movement (9/11). Lack of subjective motor improvement was associated with adverse symptoms (e.g., headaches; p = .01). Group 2 respondents were supportive of rTMS. Key priorities included motor and cognitive rehabilitation. They were accepting of longer and more frequent rTMS sessions than Group 1 (p = .028 and <.001, respectively). Commonest concerns pertained to side effects are seizures and headaches.

Conclusions

rTMS for rehabilitation was well-tolerated by patients with side effects being commoner in those with no subjective motor improvements. Nontreated patients and their next of kin would find longer and more sessions acceptable but have concerns about potential side effects.
Relative Efficacy of Cigarillo Warning Statements in Text and Pictorial Formats: An Experimental Study Among a Sample of US Young Adults
Authors: Jebai Rime , Sutfin Erin L , Cassidy Rachel N , Zizzi Alexandra R , Reboussin Beth A , Cornacchione Ross Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Health warning labels (HWLs) communicate the health risks of cigar use and can decrease use when on cigar packages.

Aims and Methods

This study assessed the relative efficacy of six FDA-proposed individual warning statements in text and pictorial format. A sample of young adults (ages 18–29) were randomized to a text or pictorial warning condition on generic cigarillo packages. The warning statements were about lung cancer and heart disease; cancers of the mouth and throat; secondhand smoke; not a safe alternative; nicotine/addiction; and harm to baby. Negative emotional reactions, cognitive elaboration, and perceived message effectiveness (PME) were assessed for each warning using linear mixed models.

Results

Of the 661 participants, 47.3% reported ever cigarillo smoking, 32.7% current smoking, and 20% were susceptible. In the pictorial format, cancers of the mouth and throat elicited lower levels of anxiety compared to secondhand smoke, not a safe alternative, nicotine/addiction, and harm to baby (ps < .001). Pictorial HWLs with human imagery induced high anxiety, sadness, fear, and guilt reactions (p < .001) and higher PME (p = .011) compared to pictorial HWLs with diseased body parts. Compared to the text HWL cancers of the mouth and throat, the text HWL harm to baby elicited higher anxiety (p = .003), sadness (p = .002), and PME (p < .001).

Conclusions

Pictorial HWLs depicting people or human imagery, rather than images of diseased organs or body parts, to represent health effects elicited the most negative emotional reactions, such as anxiety and guilt, and higher PME. Including such images and texts highlighting effects on vulnerable populations like babies can better communicate cigarillo health risks, aiming to curb cigarillo use among young people.

Implications

The study suggests that pictorial HWLs with human imagery significantly enhance the communication of cigarillo smoking risks compared to images of diseased organs. These HWLs evoke stronger emotional responses, particularly anxiety and guilt, and higher perceived message effectiveness by depicting a recognizable person. Furthermore, text-only warnings describing the smoking effect on vulnerable populations, such as babies, might have a higher impact on young adults. This evidence supports a strategic shift in FDA policies to include such impactful images and texts, which could potentially lead to a significant reduction in cigarillo use among young people. Our findings underscore the urgent need for continued research and implementation of these enhanced warning labels to improve public health outcomes.
Exhaustive Search of Dietary Intake Biomarkers as Objective Tools for Personalized Nutrimetabolomics and Precision Nutrition Implementation
Authors: de la O Victor , Fernández-Cruz Edwin , Valdés Alberto , Cifuentes Alejandro , Walton Janette , Martínez J Alfredo
Published: September 2024

Objective

To conduct an exhaustive scoping search of existing literature, incorporating diverse bibliographic sources to elucidate the relationships between metabolite biomarkers in human fluids and dietary intake.

Background

The search for biomarkers linked to specific dietary food intake holds immense significance for precision health and nutrition research. Using objective methods to track food consumption through metabolites offers a more accurate way to provide dietary advice and prescriptions on healthy dietary patterns by healthcare professionals. An extensive investigation was conducted on biomarkers associated with the consumption of several food groups and consumption patterns. Evidence is integrated from observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to achieve precision nutrition and metabolism personalization.

Methods

Tailored search strategies were applied across databases and gray literature, yielding 158 primary research articles that met strict inclusion criteria. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis using STATA and Python tools. Biomarker–food associations were categorized into 5 groups: cereals and grains, dairy products, protein-rich foods, plant-based foods, and a miscellaneous group. Specific cutoff points (≥3 or ≥4 bibliographic appearances) were established to identify reliable biomarkers indicative of dietary consumption.

Results

Key metabolites in plasma, serum, and urine revealed intake from different food groups. For cereals and grains, 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid glucuronide and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were significant. Omega-3 fatty acids and specific amino acids showcased dairy and protein foods consumption. Nuts and seafood were linked to hypaphorine and trimethylamine N-oxide. The miscellaneous group featured compounds like theobromine, 7-methylxanthine, caffeine, quinic acid, paraxanthine, and theophylline associated with coffee intake.

Conclusions

Data collected from this research demonstrate potential for incorporating precision nutrition into clinical settings and nutritional advice based on accurate estimation of food intake. By customizing dietary recommendations based on individualized metabolic profiles, this approach could significantly improve personalized food consumption health prescriptions and support integrating multiple nutritional data.

This article is part of a Nutrition Reviews special collection on Precision Nutrition.
Impact of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Bordetella pertussis, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza Virus, and Seasonal Coronavirus Antibody Levels: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gaasbeek Channah M , Visser Maxime , de Vries Rory D , Koopmans Marion , van Binnendijk Rob , den Hartog Gerco
Published: September 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This also resulted in a reduction of notifications of other acute respiratory infections and an altered seasonality when NPIs were lifted. Without circulation of pathogens, waning of antibodies is expected, which is a first indicator of decreased immunity. Here, by performing a systematic literature review, we investigated whether reduced antibody levels due to waning immunity contributed to the altered seasonality after NPIs were lifted. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and reported antibody levels or seroprevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus, seasonal human coronavirus, Bordetella pertussis, and influenza virus. We show that the COVID-19 pandemic most likely led to waning of pathogen-specific antibodies, with the strongest evidence for human respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal human coronavirus and with a larger decrease in children vs adults. Waning antibodies might have resulted in out-of-season activity for these pathogens.
Out-BREAK!: An IDWeek 2023 Escape Room to Break Out of the Educational Mold
Authors: Zhong Diana , Dong Sara W , Chu Victoria T , Gabriel Nathalie , Lusardi Katherine , Searns Justin B , Wattier Rachel L , Ristagno Elizabeth H , Bhimraj Adarsh , Boguniewicz Juri , Pottinger Paul
Published: September 2024

Background

An escape room is a cooperative game that has been adapted into medical education and major academic conferences.

Methods

We describe the design, development, and implementation of an educational ID-themed escape room activity entitled “Out-BREAK!” at an international conference, IDWeek 2023. An anonymous survey was conducted to collect demographic data, assess participant satisfaction with the escape room puzzles, and gauge participant interest in game-based learning.

Results

Thirty escape room sessions were held over 3 days and included 201 participants. Escape room survey respondents (n = 132) were younger and more likely to be trainees compared with in-person IDWeek attendants. Among 131 responses, all respondents enjoyed the experience and would recommend the escape room activity to friends. Survey respondents enjoyed the puzzle solving (93%), medical content (92%), and team building (79%) components. Only 35% of the respondents had ever previously participated in game-based learning; 95% thought the escape room was a valuable teaching method. Among the 72 survey respondents involved in medical education, almost all (90%) said they were interested in incorporating escape rooms into medical education.

Conclusions

The Out-BREAK! escape room at IDWeek 2023 was successfully implemented and well received. Despite only a third of participants having prior experience with game-based learning, almost all respondents perceived the escape room to be an effective teaching method.
Liver metastases and peritoneal metastases and response to checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability
Authors: Fakih Marwan , Sandhu Jaideep , Li Xiaochen , Wang Chongkai
Published: September 2024

Background

There have been conflicting reports on the predictive impact of metastatic disease sites on the response to checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in microsatellite instability (MSI) metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). Recent studies have highlighted peritoneal metastases, ascites, and liver metastases as possible indicators of resistance to CPI.

Methods

We performed a detailed analysis of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) mCRC treated with programmed cell death (PD-1) or PD-1/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 CPI in a single center. Overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and stable disease but with complete pathological response upon resection (SDcPR) were analyzed by the presence of liver metastases, peritoneal metastases, or absence of either. The impact of number and size of liver metastases on clinical outcomes were also interrogated.

Results

Thirty-five patients with MSI mCRC were included in the analysis. Patients with peritoneal metastatic disease had lower ORR and shorter PFS compared to patients without liver and peritoneal metastases. Contrary to recent reports, ORR and ORR + SDcPR rates were high in patients with liver metastases, at 58% and 66%, respectively. In the liver metastases category, a better response rate was noted for patients with<5 lesions compared to patients with more than 5 lesions. Patients who responded had a higher median tumor mutation burden than patients with progressive disease.

Conclusions

In MSI mCRC, no single clinical characteristic was sufficient to preclude CPI response. Peritoneal metastatic disease was associated with numerically lower ORR and shorter PFS. In contrast, liver metastases do not predict poor outcome.
Abstraction, truth, and free logic
Authors: Assadian Bahram
Published: September 2024

Abstractionism is the view that Fregean abstraction principles underlie our knowledge of the existence of mathematical objects. It is often assumed that the abstractionist proof for the existence of such objects requires ‘negative free logic’ in which all atomic sentences with empty terms are false. I argue that while negative free logic is not indispensably needed for the proof of abstract existence, there is a motivation for it—along broadly Fregean lines. The standard motivation for negative semantics rests on the explanation of truth in terms of reference. This line of reasoning, however, is not available in a context in which the reference of abstract terms must be proved, and not presupposed. I reverse the direction of explanation, thereby offering a novel motivation, Truth Priority, for the use of negative semantics. Some of the implications of Truth Priority for the abstractionist conception of ontology and reference will also be explored.
Varieties of trade union protest
Authors: Höltmann Gesine , Borbáth Endre , Hutter Swen
Published: September 2024

The article examines varieties of trade union protest across industrial relations regimes, using protest event data for 27 European countries between 2000 and 2021. We present a large-n analysis of how the level and ‘movement character’ of union protest covaries with the strength and institutional settings of union movements across regimes. We show that unions remain important protest actors and that union protest in the public sphere notably outweighs workplace-related strikes. Furthermore, we find an inverse relationship between union institutionalization and the ‘movement character’ of union protest: While strong union movements in highly institutionalized regimes display a strike-heavy repertoire, weaker union movements in contexts of low institutionalization rely heavily on protest actions beyond the workplace strike. With these findings, we provide a novel empirical assessment of what unions do in the protest arena and how institutional settings can be conducive to strike-heavy versus protest-heavy union tactics.
Comparison of amount of noise and elimination strategies for noise in neonatal intensive care units of government and private hospitals in the Jodhpur district of India
Authors: Lokwani Prateek , Mathur Niharika , Gupta Neeraj , Choudhary Sushil Kumar , Singh Arun Kumarendu
Published: September 2024

With technological advancement, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have become noisier than ever. Studies have shown the detrimental effects of increasing noise in NICU on growing pre-term and sick neonates. The present study aimed primarily to compare the amount of noise in NICUs of private and government hospitals. The secondary aim was to compare the strategies adopted by these hospitals to control the detrimental effects of noise on newborns. A detailed noise survey was conducted in the NICUs of two private and two government hospitals in the Jodhpur district, India. The noise survey was performed for a duration of 48 h using “Sound Ear 3-300” noise meters. The analyses were measured in Leq (equivalent continuous sound level) A-weighted decibels (dBA). The extracted data analysis revealed that the noise measured was in the range of 61.62–82.32 dBA in four NICUs of the district. The results also revealed a statistically significant difference between the NICU noise of private and government hospitals. The levels of alarming sounds differed between the hospitals with a general trend of lesser alarming sounds in private hospitals. The major differences in strategies adopted were that both private hospitals had a protocol to purposely reduce levels of alarming sounds when heard, and purposely limited the number of staff present in certain areas of the NICU, which were correlated with reduced sound compared to the government hospitals. Strategies like these require no additional cost to make drastic changes in the average noise measured.
A new family of freshwater snails with Cretaceous origin from Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang Le-Jia , Bernardes Samuel Chagas , Meng Kaibayer , von Rintelen Thomas
Published: September 2024

China is a hotspot for species’ discovery nowadays and harbours some of the most threatened environments in the world due to human activities. Here we describe a new remarkable gastropod species from an ancient freshwater lake in Yunnan, south-west China, Squamapex taiji gen. et sp. nov. within a new monospecific family of Truncatelloidea, Squamapicidae fam. nov.. The highly ornamented protoconch of Squamapicidae, with a microstructure distinct from that of the teleoconch, has rarely been found in true freshwater gastropods, being previously mostly known from marine or migratory gastropods with veliger larvae. The most complete family-level and first-dated phylogeny of Truncatelloidea, the largest and most diverse superfamily within Mollusca, based on two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers, shows that Squamapicidae belong to a distinct ancient lineage with Cretaceous origin. Its sister-group, unique protoconch, and distribution suggest a Tethys Ocean origin of this new family.
miR472 Deficiency Enhances Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Without Reducing Seed Production
Authors: Vasseur Francois , Baldrich Patricia , Jiménez-Góngora Tamara , Villar-Martin Luis , Weigel Detlef , Rubio-Somoza Ignacio
Published: September 2024

After having co-existed in plant genomes for at least 200 million years, the products of microRNA (miRNA) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein (NLR) genes formed a regulatory relationship in the common ancestor of modern gymnosperms and angiosperms. From then on, DNA polymorphisms occurring at miRNA target sequences within NLR transcripts must have been compensated by mutations in the corresponding mature miRNA sequence. The potential evolutionary advantage of such regulation remains largely unknown and might be related to two nonexclusive scenarios: (i) miRNA-dependent regulation of NLR levels might prevent defense mis-activation with negative effects on plant growth and reproduction or (ii) reduction of active miRNA levels in response to pathogen-derived molecules (pathogen-associated molecular patterns [PAMPs] and silencing suppressors) might rapidly release otherwise silent NLR transcripts for rapid translation and thereby enhance defense. Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana plants deficient for miR472 function to study the impact of releasing its NLR targets on plant growth and reproduction and on defense against the fungal pathogen Plectosphaerella cucumerina. We show that miR472 regulation has a dual role, participating both in the tight regulation of plant defense and growth. MIM472 lines, with reduced active miR472, are more resistant to pathogens and, correlatively, have reduced relative growth compared with wild-type plants, although the end of their reproductive phase is delayed, exhibiting higher adult biomass and similar seed yield as the wild-type. Our study highlights how negative consequences of defense activation might be compensated by changes in phenology and that miR472 reduction is an integral part of plant defense responses.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Leaf-Whorl Inoculation with Sporisorium reilianum May Overcome Field Resistance of Maize
Authors: Müller Christian , Jain Akanksha , Schirawski Jan
Published: September 2024

Maize yield is threatened by increasing incidences of head smut disease caused by Sporisorium reilianum. To help breeders identify S. reilianum-resistant maize lines, the availability of efficient screening systems would be an advantage. Here we assessed maize lines with distinct levels of field resistance against head smut disease in greenhouse experiments using two different inoculation techniques. Addition of mixtures of mating-compatible sporidia to the soil at the seedling stage of the plant did not lead to plant disease, and we could detect only marginal amounts of fungal DNA in apical meristems at 18 days after inoculation. Inoculation of the maize lines by leaf-whorl inoculation led to both high disease incidence and prominent levels of fungal DNA in apical meristems in all tested maize lines regardless of their field resistance levels. Thus, S. reilianum entering the plant via the leaf whorl can escape existing resistance mechanisms of currently known field-resistant maize lines. Since field-resistant lines are also resistant to inoculation via teliospore-contaminated soil, we propose teliospore addition to seeds at the time of sowing (rather than leaf-whorl inoculation of seedlings) combined with quantitative detection of fungal DNA in apical meristems, as an efficient screening procedure to discover field-resistant lines. However, screening maize plants for resistance against the leaf-whorl inoculation method might be promising for the discovery of novel resistance mechanisms needed to develop durably resistant maize lines.
High Genetic Diversity and Limited Regional Population Differentiation in Populations of Calonectria pseudoreteaudii from Eucalyptus Plantations
Authors: Li WenWen , Liu FeiFei , Chen ShuaiFei , Wingfield Michael J. , Duong Tuan A.
Published: September 2024

Calonectria pseudoreteaudii causes a serious and widespread disease known as Calonectria leaf blight in Eucalyptus plantations of southern China. Little is known regarding the population biology or reproductive biology of this pathogen in the affected areas. The aims of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and reproductive mode of C. pseudoreteaudii from affected Eucalyptus plantations of southern China. Ten polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were developed for the species and were used to genotype 311 isolates from eight populations. The mating types of all isolates were identified using the MAT gene primers. The results revealed a high level of genetic diversity of the pathogen in all investigated populations. Of the 90 multilocus genotypes detected, 10 were shared between at least two populations. With the exception of one population from HuiZhou, GuangDong (7HZ), the most dominant genotype was shared in the seven remaining populations. Discriminant analysis of principal components and population differentiation analyses showed that the 7HZ population was well differentiated from the others and that there was no significant differentiation between the remaining populations. Analysis of molecular variance suggested that most molecular variation was within populations (86%). Index of association analysis was consistent with a predominantly asexual life cycle for C. pseudoreteaudii in the studied regions. Although both mating types were detected in seven of the eight populations, the MAT1-1/ MAT1-2 ratios in these populations deviated significantly from the 1:1 ratio expected in a randomly mating population.
Resolvin D2/GPR18 signaling enhances monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cell function to mitigate abdominal aortic aneurysm formation
Authors: Bellotti Paolo , Ladd Zachary , Leroy Victoria , Su Gang , Sharma Shiven , Hartman Joseph B. , Krebs Jonathan , Viscardi Chelsea , Maile Robert , Moldawer Lyle L. , Efron Phillip A. , Sharma Ashish K. , Upchurch Gilbert R.
Published: September 2024

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is a chronic vascular pathology characterized by inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular remodeling. The aim of this study was to delineate the protective role of Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a bioactive isoform of specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators, via G‐protein‐coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) receptor signaling in attenuating AAAs. Importantly, RvD2 and GPR18 levels were significantly decreased in aortic tissue of AAA patients compared with controls. Furthermore, using an established murine model of AAA in C57BL/6 (WT) mice, we observed that treatment with RvD2 significantly attenuated aortic diameter, pro‐inflammatory cytokine production, immune cell infiltration (neutrophils and macrophages), elastic fiber disruption, and increased smooth muscle cell α‐actin expression as well as increased TGF‐β2 and IL‐10 expressions compared to untreated mice. Moreover, the RvD2‐mediated protection from vascular remodeling and AAA formation was blocked when mice were previously treated with siRNA for GPR18 signifying the importance of RvD2/GPR18 signaling in vascular inflammation. Mechanistically, RvD2‐mediated protection significantly enhanced infiltration and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (M‐MDSCs) by increasing TGF‐β2 and IL‐10 secretions in a GPR18‐dependent manner to attenuate aortic inflammation and vascular remodeling. Collectively, this study demonstrates that RvD2 treatment induces an expansion of myeloid‐lineage committed progenitors, such as M‐MDSCs, activates GPR18‐dependent signaling to enhance TGF‐β2 and IL‐10 secretion, and mitigates SMC activation that contributes to resolution of aortic inflammation and remodeling during AAA formation.
The Relationship of Pain Intensity, Perceived Injustice, and Pain Catastrophizing to Heart Rate Variability In Naturally Occurring Acute Pain
Authors: Steere Karin B. , Langford Dale J. , Collins Sean M. , Litwin Bini
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Behavioral factors of pain catastrophizing and perceived injustice are associated with pain intensity in chronic pain. Diminished heart rate variability (HRV) is also strongly associated with chronic pain. These factors have been less explored earlier in the pain experience and it is unclear whether they play a role in the transition from acute to chronic pain. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, pain intensity, and HRV in naturally occurring acute pain.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety-seven patients were recruited from local outpatient physical therapy clinics. Seated HRV was captured on 94 patients via Polar chest strap while patients were taking a survey via iPad. In addition to sociodemographic data, the survey included the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The natural log of high-frequency power (lnHFP) HRV was used in the statistical analysis.

Results:

Multiple linear regression modeling revealed that lower pain catastrophizing, higher perceived injustice, and lower pain intensity were associated with lower HRV, and accounted for 11.4% of the variance in HRV.

Discussion:

While greater chronic pain intensity is associated with lower HRV, the relationship is reversed in the setting of acute pain. These findings highlight the need to better understand the unique factors that contribute to lower HRV in the acute phase.
Comparison of learning curves and short-term outcomes: ROSA versus MAKO robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kang Louis , Jeong Suin , Lee Ji Won , Geng Xue , Korostyshevskiy Valeriy , Boucher Henry R.
Published: September 2024

Background:

With increasing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures performed in the US and improved techniques, robotic-assisted TKA has become more common. While current evidence supports the MAKO robotic arm system in TKA, fewer studies exist regarding the newer ROSA knee system, its learning curve, and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 210 consecutive robotic-assisted TKA cases (95 ROSA, 115 MAKO) performed by a single surgeon at a single institution from February 7, 2017 to April 15, 2022. Patient demographics, operative data, and post-operative complications were collected. Additionally, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) (Oxford Knee Score, SF-12 Version 1, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement) were collected preoperatively and postoperatively (6 mo and 1 y).

Results:

Steady state was reached at 9 cases in the ROSA group and at 6 cases in the MAKO group. The ROSA group’s operative time was statistically significantly longer than the MAKO group (97 vs. 91 mins, P=0.023). There were no significant differences between the ROSA and MAKO groups in terms of tourniquet use or patellar resurfacing. There were no statistically significant differences found between the two groups for PROs, 90-day complications, or all-time revision rates.

Conclusions:

ROSA and MAKO robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty both have minimal learning curve lengths of 9 and 6 cases, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes between the two robotic-assisted systems through 1-year post-surgery.
Temporary Reduction Assisting Corridor Constraint Wires for Intramedullary Nailing of Periarticular Fractures: A Technical Trick and Case Series
Authors: Serbin Ryan P. , Chandler Calvin , Averkamp Benjamin , Rieker Madeline , Yu Ziqing , Kempton Laurence B. , Hsu Joseph R. , Phelps Kevin D.
Published: September 2024

Achieving satisfactory alignment during intramedullary nailing of periarticular fractures can be technically challenging due to a combination of deforming forces and the lack of cortical contact by the nail in the articular segment metaphysis allowing malreduction to persist during nail passage. Although blocking screws are described to facilitate reduction, they risk impeding subsequent implant fixation. This article introduces an innovative Temporary Reduction Assisting Corridor Constraint Wires (TRACC-wires) technique to safely correct multiplanar deformities without limiting fixation options. A retrospective case series of 22 patients showed that TRACC-wires effectively facilitated anatomic alignment intraoperatively that was maintained after wire removal. Compared with other methods, advantages include (1) the ability to easily redirect, reposition, or remove (given instant access to the blocking device), (2) malleability of the wires during nail insertion, (3) small bony footprint, and (4) versatility for patient-specific correction. Outcomes support TRACC-wires as a valuable tool for trauma surgeons managing complex periarticular fractures.
Presentation to the Emergency Department Increases the Likelihood of Surgical Management of Minimally Displaced Gartland Type IIa Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Groothoff Jonathan D. , Kiritsis Nicholas R. , Bullock Garrett S. , Frino John , Hughes Michael S. , Mooney James F. , Marquez-Lara Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Background:

Few studies have explored factors influencing the clinical decision-making process in the management of Gartland type IIa supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFs). This study sought to determine whether the location of patient presentation and patient socioeconomic status are associated with the treatment of type IIa SCHFs.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of 262 patients younger than 13 years of age seen for acute Gartland type II SCHFs between 2012 and 2022. Pre-treatment radiographs were reviewed to measure Baumann angle and the location of the anterior humeral line relative to the capitellum. Demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status, measured through Child Opportunity Index (COI) scores, were generated and logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between location of presentation and fracture management. Logistic regressions were also used to evaluate the relationship between COI and location of presentation and treatment.

Results:

137 male and 125 female patients met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 5.95 (0.13) years at the time of presentation. Presentation to the emergency department (ED) demonstrated reduced odds of closed reduction and casting compared to outpatient clinic presentation [0.13 (95% CI: 0.02-0.98), P=0.048]. 27.5% of minimally displaced fractures that presented to the ED and 20.0% of minimally displaced fractures that presented to an outpatient clinic were treated surgically. There was no association between COI and the location of patient presentation [1.2 (95% CI: 0.9-1.5), P=0.226] or treatment received [1.04 (95% CI: 0.48-2.26), P=0.922].

Conclusion:

These results suggest that patients who present to the ED after type IIa SCHFs are more likely to receive surgical treatment. COI does not appear to be associated with the location of presentation or treatment received.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic level III.
Change in Facial Appearance, Function, and Quality of Life after Cleft Surgery: A Nigerian Multicenter Longitudinal Pilot Study
Authors: Michael Afieharo I. , Olusanya Adeola A. , Okoli Chinedu M. , Martins Bardi , Akintayo Akintunde J. , Onwuagha Ijeoma , Onah Ifeanyichukwu I. , Oluwatosin Odunayo M.
Published: September 2024

Background:

We utilized the Cleft Questionnaire (CLEFT-Q) to determine the change in patient’s perception of facial appearance, facial function, and quality of life after surgery for cleft lip or cleft palate and factors associated with this change.

Methods:

A longitudinal pilot study of patients receiving surgery for cleft lip or cleft palate recruited from six participating tertiary hospitals in Nigeria between January 2022 and August 2023 was performed. The CLEFT-Q scores were obtained before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Differences between the pre- and postsurgery scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank t test and a repeated measures analysis of variance to investigate factors associated with a difference in scores.

Results:

Thirty-four patients participated in the study. Most had primary procedures [24 (70.6)], and cleft palate repair was the predominant surgery done [28 (82.4%)]. There were statistically significant increases from preoperative to postoperative scores at 3, 6, and 12 months postsurgery for all facial function and quality-of-life subscale scores (P < 0.001–P = 0.04). Female sex, ethnicity, and nature of surgery were associated with significant differences in CLEFT-Q scores.

Conclusions:

Patients’ perception of their facial appearance, function, and quality of life improved significantly after surgery. Female sex, Hausa ethnic group, and need for secondary surgery were associated with lower quality-of-life scores. This study shows the potential of using the CLEFT-Q as a standardized tool for large-scale patient-reported outcomes cleft research in Nigeria.
Understanding the Relationship Between Comorbidities, Medication Nonadherence, Activities of Daily Living, and Heart Condition Status Among Older Adults in the United States: A Regression Analysis and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ruksakulpiwat Suebsarn , Thongking Witchuda , Kannan Naveen , Wright Ellis , Niyomyart Atsadaporn , Benjasirisan Chitchanok , Chiaranai Chantira , Smothers Christine , Aldossary Heba M. , Still Carolyn Harmon
Published: September 2024

Background

Nonadherence to medication among patients with heart disease poses serious risks, including worsened heart failure and increased mortality rates.

Objective

This study aims to explore the complex interplay between comorbidities, medication nonadherence, activities of daily living, and heart condition status in older American adults, using both traditional statistical methods and machine learning.

Methods

Data from 326 older adults with heart conditions, drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, were analyzed. Descriptive statistics characterized demographic profiles and comorbidities, whereas logistic regression, multiple regression analyses, and decision tree models were used to address our research inquiries. In addition, a machine learning approach, specifically decision tree models, was integrated to enhance predictive accuracy.

Results

Our analysis showed that factors like age, gender, hypertension, and stroke history were significantly linked to worsening heart conditions. Notably, depression emerged as a robust predictor of medication nonadherence. Further adjusted analyses underscored significant correlations between stroke and challenges in basic activities such as dressing, bathing, and eating. Depression correlated significantly with difficulties in dressing, bed mobility, and toileting, whereas lung disease was associated with bathing hindrances. Intriguingly, our decision tree model revealed that patients experiencing dressing challenges, but not toileting difficulties, were more prone to report no improvement in heart condition status over the preceding 2 years.

Conclusions

Blending traditional statistics with machine learning in this study reveals significant implications for crafting personalized interventions to improve patients’ depression, leading to increased activities of daily living, medication adherence, reduced severity of comorbidities, and ultimately better management of heart conditions.