bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rapid Urban Growth Triad: A New Conceptual Framework for Examining the Urban Transition in Developing Countries
Authors: Farrell Kyle
Published: August 2017

Although the urban transition is a universal event that unfolds in all countries, the determinants, patterns, and outcomes do not necessarily follow a uniform process. With the urban transition being basically completed in developed countries around the turn of the 21st century, the growth of cities today is almost entirely confined to developing countries. Still, much of our conceptual understanding of this process is derived from earlier accounts, with definitions rooted in a historical context. This has resulted in common misconceptions such as a tendency to view the growth of cities primarily as an outcome of rural to urban migration, neglecting the growing contributions of urban natural population increase and reclassification of rural areas. A tendency to treat the components of urban growth in isolation has created a rift within the urban studies discourse, preventing any real theorization of their combined impacts and the interplay among them. Applying a systems thinking approach, this paper introduces a multidisciplinary framework for conceptualizing rapid urban growth in developing countries. The framework offers explanatory power to previously neglected components of urban growth and serves as a diagnostic for examining the urban transition—ultimately revealing new policy levers for managing it in a sustainable way.
Evolution and development of monocot stomata
Authors: Rudall Paula J. , Chen Elisabeth D. , Cullen Erin
Published: August 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Leaves of monocots are typically linear with parallel venation, though a few taxa have broad leaves. Studies of stomatal patterning and development in monocots required updating in the context of rapidly improving knowledge of both the phylogenetic and development‐genetic context of monocots that facilitate studies of character evolution.

METHODS:

We used an existing microscope‐slide collection to obtain data on stomatal structure across all the major monocot clades, including some species with relatively broad leaves. In addition, we used both light and electron microscopy to study stomatal development in 16 selected species. We evaluated these data in a phylogenetic context to assess stomatal character evolution.

KEY RESULTS:

Mature stomatal patterning in monocots can be broadly categorized as anomocytic, paracytic‐nonoblique, and paracytic/tetracytic oblique, depending on the presence, development, and arrangement of lateral subsidiary cells. Stomatal meristemoids invariably result from an asymmetric mitosis in monocots. In species where lateral subsidiary cells are present, they are perigene cells. Among monocots with relatively broad leaves, stomatal orientation is linear‐axial in most taxa, but transverse in Lapageria and Stemona, and random in Dioscorea and some Araceae. Amplifying divisions are apparently absent in monocots.

CONCLUSIONS:

Anomocytic stomata represent the likely ancestral (plesiomorphic) condition in monocots, though multiple evolutionary transitions and reversals have occurred. Paracytic‐nonoblique stomata with highly modified perigene lateral neighbor cells characterize grasses and other Poales. The presence of anomocytic stomata in Japonolirion and Tofieldia reinforces the concept that these two genera have retained many ancestral monocot features and are critical in understanding character evolution in monocots.
General Relativistic Radiation MHD Simulations of Supercritical Accretion onto a Magnetized Neutron Star: Modeling of Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsars
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki R. , Ohsuga Ken
Published: August 2017

By performing 2.5-dimensional general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we demonstrate supercritical accretion onto a non-rotating, magnetized neutron star, where the magnetic field strength of dipole fields is 1010 G on the star surface. We found the supercritical accretion flow consists of two parts: the accretion columns and the truncated accretion disk. The supercritical accretion disk, which appears far from the neutron star, is truncated at around ≃3 R
* (R
* = 106 cm is the neutron star radius), where the magnetic pressure via the dipole magnetic fields balances with the radiation pressure of the disks. The angular momentum of the disk around the truncation radius is effectively transported inward through magnetic torque by dipole fields, inducing the spin up of a neutron star. The evaluated spin-up rate, ∼−10−11 s s−1, is consistent with the recent observations of the ultraluminous X-ray pulsars. Within the truncation radius, the gas falls onto a neutron star along the dipole fields, which results in a formation of accretion columns onto the northern and southern hemispheres. The net accretion rate and the luminosity of the column are ≃66 L
Edd/c
2 and ≲10 L
Edd, where L
Edd is the Eddington luminosity and c is the light speed. Our simulations support a hypothesis whereby the ultraluminous X-ray pulsars are powered by the supercritical accretion onto the magnetized neutron stars.
Psychophysiology of Yoga Postures
Authors: Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi , Ramanathan Meena
Published: August 2017

Asana (posture) is usually defined as a body posture held with stability and ease by Patanjali. Hathayoga Pradipika emphasises that asana helps bring about stability in health and suppleness of body. As intra-thoracic, intra-abdominal pressure-volume changes affect internal organs and systems, it is plausible that asanas produce changes through mechanisms both local as well as general. This chapter takes a look at various studies that have explored human physiology in relation to asana. Some examples are glucose metabolism, changes in energy expenditure, ventilatory responses, oxygen consumption as well as respiratory, neuromuscular and cardiovascular parameters. It also explores the neuromuscular reflex arcs dynamics that position asana as an excellent system to restore psychosomatic harmony and balance. It needs to be stressed that the actual efforts being made in asana are of a somato-psychic nature while benefits that accrue are of a psychosomatic nature. It is suggested that Hathayoga helps us evolve out of our primitive sub-human tendencies thus developing human and humane qualities.
The Psychophysiology of Yoga Regulated Breathing (Pranayamas)
Authors: Telles Shirley , Singh Nilkamal
Published: August 2017

The aim of yoga is to attain a mental state free from disturbance. Various yoga techniques have been prescribed for this in traditional yoga texts. The ancient yoga masters realized there was a close association between the functioning of the breath and the mind. Voluntarily regulated yoga breathing (pranayama) involves regulating various aspects of breathing of breathing: (i) breathing through one or both nostrils (ii) increasing the depth of breathing (iii) breathing with a period of breath holding (iv) exhaling with the production of a sound (v) breathing through the mouth and (vi) increasing the rate of breathing. The present chapter discusses these yoga breathing techniques. This chapter also discusses the psychophysiological effects of yoga regulated breathing based on the findings of scientific studies on the psychophysiology of yoga regulated breathing.
Research-Based Applied Psychophysiology
Authors: Nagarathna R. , Chaku Ritu
Published: August 2017

Several common problems of women seem to be on the increase due to the changing life style of urbanization and material progress. Alarming increase in the prevalence of many non- communicable diseases of women such as PMS, mastalgia, PCOS, complications of pregnancy, menopausal syndrome and breast cancer have become a major challenge in all countries round the globe. This chapter covers the principles and practice of yoga in some of these common conditions specific to women. The chapter covers the conceptual basis of yoga in these conditions with a proposed yoga model of the disease and the recommended yoga module for each of these conditions. This chapter covers the principles and practices of yoga in some of the common life style related health problems of women such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), peri-menopausal difficulties and breast cancer, under the following headings: the rationale for using yoga, practically applicable yoga modules and a summary of the published research work.
Yoga for Psychological Wellbeing in Modern Life and Contexts
Authors: Hagen Ingunn , Kofoed Stine , Nayar Usha
Published: August 2017

In this chapter, we will address how Yoga may contribute to psychological wellbeing. The chapter will be based on review of relevant literature in the backdrop of the theoretical framework of Self-Efficacy developed by Albert Bandura in his comprehensive ‘social cognitive theory of human motivation and learning'. Illustrations are included from our study: “Yoga to promote young people's mental health and well-being?” First, we will address some current social tendencies that contribute to everyday stress and challenges to people's general wellbeing. Second, we aim to have some conceptual clarification related to the concepts in our title “Yoga for psychological wellbeing”. Third, we will address how Yoga may function as a tool for self-regulation and its relationship with self-efficacy. Fourth, we will describe how Yoga is perceived as a mean to cope with stress. We will discuss how different people use Yoga to cope with stress, and how this partly relates to the role of Yoga as a tool for self-regulation.
Yoga and The Physics of Higher States of Consciousness
Authors: Hankey Alex
Published: August 2017

Higher states of consciousness are developed by meditation, defined by Patanjali as that which transforms focused attention into pure consciousness, the 4th state of pure consciousness - a major state in its own right, with its own physics, that of ‘experience information'. Phenomenologies of states 5 to 7 are explained from the perspective of modern physics and quantum cosmology. The role of the 5th state in life is to make possible witnessing states 1 to 3 resulting in ‘Perfection in Action'. Refinement of perception involved in the 6th State results in hearing the Cosmic Om, seeing the Inner Light, and seventh sense perception. All require special amplification processes on pathways of perception. Unity and Brahman Consciousness and their development are discussed with examples from the great sayings of the Upanishads, and similar cognitions like those of poet, Thomas Traherne. Throughout, supporting physics is given, particularly that of experience information, and its implications for Schrodinger's cat paradox and our scientific understanding of the universe as a whole.
Key HRM Challenges and Benefits
Authors: Mendy John
Published: August 2017

Whilst HRM is responding to organizational challenges, HRM tutors have to deal with avoiding labour imposition (Mather et al., 2007) and ensuring that their students are well prepared for society. The chapter's findings involve linkages between people, HR systems and the workplace in an HR Scaffolding that is argued to contribute to resolving the challenges caused by ‘the black box' of organizational performance (Becker & Huselid, 2006). Four steps of research extrapolate lessons to be learnt.
Rethinking the Contribution of Organizational Change to the Teaching and Learning of Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management
Authors: Mendy John
Published: August 2017

One of the great attributes of acting as a Human Resource Manager is being reasonable. One may not know what is best for a company but one should be able to identify, reasonably, when in-house fighting and resistance on the shop floor are disadvantageous. While agreeing with the law one must also be aware, again reasonably, that it may be in conflict with itself. One's job is to resolve difficulties to the benefit of all parties – once more reasonably – even when one's emotions are on the side of one of the parties. In short, there is a job to do, but there is a difficulty: doing so successfully depends on being reasonable as well as developing expertise. However, being reasonable is precisely what the scientific method does not support although being an expert could be a desirable attribute. It excludes anything that contributes to a bias, including the bias that trust, fairness and team spirit introduce (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2013). The result is well known: the scientific method tends to support commodification, objectification and reification and elicits resistance (Pitsakis & Kuin, 2012; Mahadevan, 2012) even on phenomenon-driven change (Schwarz & Stensaker, 2014). HRM officers do not seem to have done too badly however – albeit without the support of the scientific method (Ford, Ford, & D'Amelio, 2008). This does not mean that support would be wasted or impossible. The aim of the present chapter is to explore what it might look like. The result is a series of recommendations, based on a study showing how some employees proved able to contribute as experts to their companies even after they had been threatened of being fired due to heavy economic weather. This finding serves as an important lesson, i.e. that there are ways other than the scientific method to turn personal motivations and objectives into resources. These ways include creating an HRM/OB platform for change that helps to link people. They make it possible to create structures that help individuals to achieve ‘expert presence', i.e. expertise to deal with difficulties in the workplace in the here and now.
Putting Across Tangibility
Authors: Hack-Polay Dieu
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines a case study-approach to teaching organisational behaviour. It explains the effectiveness of the use of case study in teaching the subject which is often termed theoretical and complex. The chapter advocates that the use of real life organisational cases can make the learning and teaching process more tangible and contribute to the development of critical thinking. The chapter specifically supports the view that there are aspects of organisational behaviour that are visible in both everyday life of individuals and groups. If lecturers could bring this up in the delivery of the OB curriculum, the learners, who are future managers and supervisors, could connect the learning experiences to reality, which could lead them to a better academic understanding and later effective practitioners.
Big Data and mHealth
Authors: Shipley Nancy , Chakraborty Joyram
Published: August 2017

Technology has greatly improved healthcare. Research has shown that improved user experience can vastly increase the volume and quality of knowledge gained from the accessible resources. Electronic medical records have been mandated by the U.S. government transitioning the medical field to computer based applications with the goal of efficiency and meaningful use. From this vast data, the end user could potentially increase their healthcare understanding through a centralized mobile-platform that brings the expertise from medical professionals, smart health and well-being best practices, alternative medicine and social media such as crowd-sourcing materials. In this chapter, we present a mHealth solution incorporating the features of Pinterest in order to provide a single portal for the dissemination of healthcare information.
Augmented Reality in Surgery
Authors: Inácio José , Ribeiro João , Campos Jaime , Silva Sara , Alves Victor
Published: August 2017

In the surgical field, the patient's needs and requirements increasingly follow the newest technological developments. Nowadays it is still problematic to implement different types of technologies in operating environments due to the drawbacks that these can bring to their users and their longstanding learning process. A research was carried out with the objective of clarifying concepts and gathering some existing approaches to the solution of these problems as well as the respective technologies used. This chapter addresses a new concept of mobile applications for surgical planning using augmented reality technologies. The proposed solution aims to help the surgeon from the planning stage to the surgery intervention itself. In addition to some examples and practical demonstrations of the solution, its implementation process and system architecture are described and explained. Based on the developed prototype, the advantages of its use in a surgical context are discussed, being pointed out some improvements to be made.
Real-Time Healthcare Intelligence in Organ Transplantation
Authors: Fernandes Bruno , Coimbra Cecília , Abelha António
Published: August 2017

Organ transplantation is the best and often the only treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the universal shortage of deceased donors results in a worrying situation that must be addressed. Brain dead donors constitute the largest share of organ donors, but identifying a patient that may progress to brain death can be a complex task. Therefore, the urgent need of intelligent solutions to support the decision-making process is crucial in critical areas as the organ transplantation is. This work aims at acquiring knowledge on the potential organ donor criteria for further detection and implementing a platform to assist the process of identification of potential organ donors at Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António. The developed system is currently implemented and displays a steady and competent behavior providing consequently a way to have more control of the information needed for the decision-making process
Business Intelligence for Nutrition Therapy
Authors: Reis Rita , Mendonça Ana , Ferreira Diana Lisandra Azevedo , Peixoto Hugo , Machado José
Published: August 2017

The assessment of health status in communities throughout the world is a massive information technology challenge. Data warehousing provides a flexible environment to support the business management and serve as an integrated repository for data. With the addition of models and analytic tools that have the potential to provide actionable information resources and support effective problem identification, critical decision-making, and strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Of particular interest are the factors of influence like the patient's height or weight and its impact on processes and results. A multidimensional process is a way to discover health care processes according to certain factors of influence. This study aims to implement a data warehousing environment for decision support, in the context of nutrition evaluation, to integrate data obtained from a health care facility. This paper highlights the implementation of Business Intelligence in health care settings allows searching and interpreting stored information to support decisions concerning people's life.
Development of an Efficient Prediction Model Based on a Nature-Inspired Technique for New Products
Authors: Bhatnagar Vikas , Majhi Ritanjali , Devi S. L. Tulasi
Published: August 2017

A lot of studies have been made on new product development process to make it an ideal procedure and many researchers have contributed significantly to achieve this by studying various factors associated with it. In this study, an attempt has been made to predict the optimal numbers of new products produced by electronics and metal & machinery industry by considering various factors those significantly affects the production pattern of these industries. For prediction purposes, functional linked artificial neural network (FLANN) with and without nature-inspired techniques have been used and comparison of performance for both the models have been done by using mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as the measurement indices.
Big Data Analytics
Authors: G. Sreenu , Durai M.A. Saleem
Published: August 2017

Advances in recent hardware technology have permitted to document transactions and other pieces of information of everyday life at an express pace. In addition of speed up and storage capacity, real-life perceptions tend to transform over time. However, there are so much prospective and highly functional values unseen in the vast volume of data. For this kind of applications conventional data mining is not suitable, so they should be tuned and changed or designed with new algorithms. Big data computing is inflowing to the category of most hopeful technologies that shows the way to new ways of thinking and decision making. This epoch of big data helps users to take benefit out of all available data to gain more precise systematic results or determine latent information, and then make best possible decisions. Depiction from a broad set of workloads, the author establishes a set of classifying measures based on the storage architecture, processing types, processing techniques and the tools and technologies used.
Sustainability in Mountain Tourism
Authors: Crestani Valentina
Published: August 2017

Sustainability is a fundamental concept of Alpine tourism in countries like Germany and Austria, which have signed the Alpine Convention, a treaty between Alpine countries and the EU. The following paper presents the main results of a multimodal discourse analysis conducted on selected online presentations of eco-friendly hotels in Austria and in Germany. The selection of this textual genre is due primarily to the fact that online presentations are a sort of gateway to introduce the reader into the world of tourism—a world that, at the pre-trip stage, is only virtual, becoming real in the ongoing-trip stage. Hotel presentations try to convince readers to go beyond the pre-trip stage and to choose the accommodation structure for the holiday. Austrian and German presentations use common verbal strategies, but they differ in the relationship between visual and verbal components.
Audience Comments on Digital Travel Videos
Authors: Francesconi Sabrina
Published: August 2017

This chapter aims to develop an ongoing research on digital travel videos, with an overall aim to offer methodological indications on how to analyze similar online multimodal and multimedia participatory situations. By addressing issues of popularity, response and appraisal, it examined meaning-making performed by text comments posted by YouTubers. Retrieved through the YouTube Comment Scraper software, comments have been inspected in terms of number, language, topic, appraisal, and linguistic features. Overall, instances show positive appraisal and are more focused on the videos, than on the depicted region, and their style epitomizes spontaneous and uncontrolled user-to-user communication within the digital participatory environment. More than for their content, comments seem to offer a relevant contribution to destination image formation, especially, through their presence and form, and from a connotative viewpoint. Alternative to formulaic and vertical tourism communication texts, they connote the destination as open and welcoming, as spontaneous and authentic.
The Tuscan Paradise in E-Tourism
Authors: Mattiello Elisa
Published: August 2017

This chapter studies figurative language in Italian promotional tourism websites and their translations into English. It analyses figures of speech, such as metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy, and personification, within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics (Lakoff & Johnson 1980; Lakoff & Turner 1989; Lakoff 1993; Ruiz de Mendoza 1997; Ruiz de Mendoza & Pérez 2011). The aims of the analysis are, first, to investigate the relevance of figuration in original e-texts which promote Tuscany, and, second, to inspect whether web translators adopt the same strategies to persuade their readers in the English renditions. Results show the importance of figuration across languages and cultures, both for promoters and for translators. However, they also show how translators of promotional tourist texts can 1) omit to render figuration, 2) activate different conceptual mappings between or within new domains when rendering figuration, or 3) introduce new figurative language to increase the text's persuasive effects.
Automatic Query-Focused Summary Generation System for Tourism Discourse Using Rhetorical Structure Theory
Authors: C. N. Subalalitha , J. Balaji
Published: August 2017

Summary generation systems when integrated with Information Retrieval (IR) can give an idea about the retrieved web pages to the user before even the user opens the web page. The summary could be generated for a single web page or for a set of web pages retrieved for a given query. When such a system is built for tourism web sites, the user can get a summary of a particular tourist spot or about the tourist spots present in a particular place. This chapter describes about such a summary generation system which is built using Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST). RST is a well-known discourse theory which is used for discourse analysis of text documents. The RST makes use of another semantic representation namely, Universal Networking Language (UNL) to find the coherent text fragments. These coherent text fragments are indexed and linked with an IR system. When a user gives a query, the web pages along with a single document and multi document summary.
Nascent Entrepreneurs, Psychological Characteristics, and Sociocultural Background
Authors: Sánchez-García José C. , Hernández-Sánchez Brizeida R.
Published: August 2017

Entrepreneurial intention as a psychological process has been investigated from several points of view which, although employing similar methodologies, have used different variables. Our aim here is to explain the reasons why some individuals tend more towards entrepreneurship than others. For these explanations we look towards Schwartz's Theory of Cultural Values. Schwarz structures cultural values in relation to three bipolar dimensions: conservation vs autonomy, hierarchy vs egalitarianism and mastery vs harmony. To analyse these variables, we applied the EOQ scale to a sample of 600 nascent entrepreneurs aged between 25 and 35, pertaining to different autonomous communities in Spain. After application and evaluation of the results, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the personal, contextual and entrepreneurial intention variables as regards gender, parent's occupation(s) and autonomous community
The Role Models as Determinants of New Technology-Based Firms
Authors: Huamaní Guillermo Andrés Zapata , Fernández-López Sara , Gómez Isabel Neira , Rey-Ares Lucía , Rodríguez-Gulías María Jesús , Rodeiro-Pazos David
Published: August 2017

The new technology-based firms (NTBF) are a key element of economic growth, and therefore, understanding NTBF´s driving forces becomes a particularly important field of study. Relatively few studies have addressed the analysis of the determinants of technology entrepreneurship (TE), and those that did, have paid more attention to institutional or external factors (Aceytuno & de Paz, 2008). Role models have received less attention but seem to play a determinant role regarding TE (Venkataraman, 2004). The present chapter aims to analyse whether these role models and its proximity to potential entrepreneurs influence the NTBF creation. Using a sample of 65 countries over the period 2006-2013, we apply panel data random effect models. Overall, empirical evidence revealed that the variables media attention on entrepreneurship and personally know an entrepreneur exert significant influence on TE.
The Ambiguous Role of Trade Unions in Startup Formation
Authors: Rohlfer Sylvia
Published: August 2017

In this chapter the authors analyze the role of trade unions for firm formation from the perspective of the individual entrepreneur. The industrial relations and entrepreneurship literature reviewed shows that trade unions matter in firm formation decisions in three ways: with regard to the occupational choice problem, the management of potential employees and the resource availability for the startup. Taking the Spanish economy as an example the findings from an empirical study demonstrate the perceived actual and potential role of unions for firm formation. The findings are compared with trade union activity in Germany and the United States in order to draw recommendations for trade union strategists.
Elif Shafak's Works
Authors: Paraschiv Maria Mirabela
Published: August 2017

This chapter is intended to be an analysis over Elif Shafak's novels which have as main theme the fight for women's rights and freedom. The writer expresses her indignation against the honor code and she pleads for women's emancipation in modern Turkey. Within her novels, Honour and The Bastard of Istanbul Elif Shafak manages to portray Turkish women both traditional and modern, pointing out the gap between these two faces of the Turkish society. An active writer, an anti-violence advocate, but also a journalist who during her interviews and articles published mainly in Western media draws the picture of HBV victims, Shafak reminds the main solution for the eradication of the honor killings and sexual discrimination: ‘Higher Education' for the Turkish girls who stay in their country and integration for those who immigrate in different corners of the world where Women's Rights are respected and the perpetrators punished for their crimes.
Literature and Aesthetic Reading as Means of Promoting Nonviolence
Authors: Presadă Diana
Published: August 2017

In an increasingly violent world, reading literary works and the teaching of literature in school may play an important part in shaping students' personality as human beings. Turning literature classes into an effective way of cultivating ethical values in learners should be an educational goal of the curriculum irrespective of the level of study. Starting from the data provided by a focus group organized with Philology students within the Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, the present chapter aims to highlight how literature classes may increase their moral awareness and develop their ethical skills. More precisely, the study investigates students' perceptions of literature and its role in developing mutual respect and non-violent behavior inside and outside the academic environment.
Staff Development Programs in the Wake of Migration and Refugee Crisis
Authors: Erçetin Şefika Şule , Bisaso Ssali Muhammadi
Published: August 2017

The successful provision of education for migrant groups rests on the shoulders of teachers. This is premised on the valid view that a teacher is a crucial mediator between migrant families and the host country or community. The teacher enjoys the greatest contact with migrant learners and can influence progress of these migrant learners directly and indirectly which informs transformation. Indeed, experts believe that teacher training should aim to improve knowledge, understanding and practical implementation of teaching ideas, materials and methods to facilitate effective learning on the part of migrants. This spelt the entry point of this paper, the need to explore areas in which teacher training or staff development should be conceived in order to transform migrant education. This was done in tandem with intriguing characteristics of migrant learners as well as a closer look at expected structural and managerial adjustments in education courtesy of migration and refugee crisis.
The Politics of Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Policies for Refugees in the Erzurum City of Turkey
Authors: Çolakoğlu Elif , Gök Gökçe
Published: August 2017

The City of Erzurum has a long history as a refugee city. It is a transition and destination city because of both geographical, and political, economic and cultural characteristics. However, it is obvious that the continuous increase in the number of refugees recently poses serious challenges to both citizens and urban administrators with the arrival of Syrians, as well as Afghans and Iranians. Also, the fact of the matter is that, it is getting more impossible for refugees to return to their homes in the near future. This is largely becoming evident. Under these circumstances urban administrators and stakeholders take urgent measures to have refugees stay in the city as well as their adaptation to the society within their resources. This study aims to analyze both their current situation, and to take measures addressing the problems caused by refugees in the city from the perspective of public administration.
Environmental Vulnerability to Climate Change in Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Karmaoui Ahmed
Published: August 2017

The Mediterranean basin (MB) connects the south with the north and the East (Europe, Africa & Asia).It is a highly heterogeneous region where natural and anthropogenic activities interact in complex ways with climate variability. Climate change (CC) impacts are already defined on the Mediterranean. That is why the time has come to formulate a long-term plan for adaptation to CC of the MB. In this chapter the author aims (i) the assessment of the environmental vulnerability under CC provided in the BM during the last 30 years, (ii) the determination of environmental vulnerability indicators that the author call Major Common Indicators (MCI), and (iii) identification of adaptation strategies based on these indicators. For this analysis the author used the results of the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI), developed by SOPAC. In this paper, the author extracted, compiled, compared and analyzed the data of the EVI of 8 selected Mediterranean countries; 4 countries in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt) and 4 Southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy and Greece).
Sustainable Land Use and Watershed Management in Response to Climate Change Impacts
Authors: Loi Nguyen Kim , Huyen Nguyen Thi , Tu Le Hoang , Tram Vo Ngoc Quynh , Liem Nguyen Duy , Dat Nguyen Le Tan , Nhat Tran Thong , Minh Duong Ngoc
Published: August 2017

The Srepok river basin (28,600km2) is located in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. There are many critical issues for soil and water resource management in the basin. Therefore, to make suitable adaptation plans, decision makers need to understand the extent of the potential impact of both climate change and human activity on local soil and water resources. The objective of this chapter was to investigate changes in stream flow, sediment load, and hydrological processes resulting from land use change and climatic variation. Plausible scenarios of land use change developed in a GIS environment based on current conditions, information from the area, and climate change scenarios were built on outputs of GCMs from the SEA-START. These changes were then inputted into SWAT model to project future hydrological variables. Results demonstrated that stream flow was predominant, followed by evapotranspiration. Groundwater was more predominant than surface water. This has been one of the best outstanding advantages in the Srepok watershed.
Site-Suitability Analysis for the Identification of Potential Sites to Construct Rain Water Harvesting Systems
Authors: Mitra Shreyashi Santra
Published: August 2017

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems are a boon to the modern scientific domain as it provides a strong base for understanding the Earth's behavior in so many ways and help us to understand its response to certain conditions. With the exploitation of these two modules important spatial decisions can be made at ease with quite a satisfactory accuracy level. With the context of global warming water scarcity is being identified as sector demanding strategical implementation of plans for sustainable development. To ensure water supply water conservation is required. Runoff harvesting could be an option to that if the area under plan experience substantial runoff in a year. Lower Kasai Keleghai interfluve situated in West Bengal falls under monsoonal climatic regime. GIS based site-suitability analysis was adopted here based on LULC and Curve Number to identify potential zones for runoff harvesting. The result shows that 18.71% of the interfluve is suitable for providing a base for runoff harvesting.
A Case Study for eCampus Spatial
Authors: Thi Thanh Thoa Pham , Ballatore Andrea , Yin Junjun , Truong-Hong Linh , Carswell James D.
Published: August 2017

Location based querying is the core interaction paradigm between mobile citizens and the Internet of Things, so providing users with intelligent web-services that interact efficiently with web and wireless devices to recommend personalised services is a key goal. With today's popular Web Map Services, users can ask for general information at a specific location, but not detailed information such as related functionality or environments. This shortcoming comes from a lack of connection between non-spatial “business” data and spatial “map” data. This chapter presents a novel approach for location-based querying in web and wireless environments, in which non-spatial business data is dynamically connected to spatial base-map data to provide users with spatially-enabled attribute information at particular locations. The proposed approach is illustrated in a case study at the National University of Ireland in Maynooth (NUIM), where detailed 3D campus building models were constructed. Non-spatial university specific business data such as the functionalities and timetables of class rooms/buildings, campus news, noise levels, and navigation are then explored over the web and presented as both mobile and desktop web-services.
USO DA TERRA E A LEGISLAÇÃO FLORESTAL NO PROJETO DE ASSENTAMENTO MATUPI, AM
Authors: Leal Matheus Lucas Maciel , Silva Viviane Vidal  da , Fulan João Ânderson , Souza Aline Lessa de
Published: August 2017

Diante do acelerado processo de desmatamento na região amazônica para ceder lugar a diferentes formas de uso da terra, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo quantificar as áreas de uso e cobertura da terra no Projeto de Assentamento Matupi, em escala local, e examinar a adequação do uso da terra frente ao que é estabelecido pelo Código Florestal, Lei N0 12.651 de 25 de maio de 2012, para utilização de áreas em propriedades rurais. O projeto de assentamento estudado localiza-se no município de Manicoré, sul do estado Amazonas, área de fronteira agrícola neste estado. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foram utilizadas as informações digitais sobre desmatamento e floresta, do ano de 2012, geradas pelo Projeto de Monitoramento de Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal por Satélite - PRODES/INPE e consultas ao banco de dados espacial, via Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Os resultados demonstraram que 48% da área total do PA Matupi corresponde a área de uso da terra e 44% de área de floresta. Foi constatado também que 91% (492 lotes) dos lotes do Projeto de Assentamento Matupi utilizam mais que 20% da área do lote, deste modo, apontando a inadequação do Projeto de Assentamento do Matupi frente à legislação e a necessidade de medidas que visem controlar o desmatamento no assentamento.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Crystal Structure of the Anodic Cerium Oxide Films
Authors: Liu Xiao Zhen , Ni Yu Fan , Liu Xiao Zhou , Xia Le Tian , Chen Jie , Zheng Xiao Yu
Published: August 2017

The cerium dioxide films were prepared with cerium foils as raw materials by anodization in Na2C2O4-NH3∙H2O-H2O-(CH2OH)2 electrolyte. The anodic cerium oxide films were heat treated in 100~400°C and 0.5~2.5h, respectively. The heat treated anodic cerium oxide films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The heat treated anodic cerium oxide film at 100°C is semi crystalline film. The heat treated anodic cerium oxide film at 200°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, respectively for 2h, is the cerium dioxide film respectively, and has a structure of cubic fluorite respectively. The crystal structures of the cerium dioxide films become more complete with the increase of heat treatment temperature in 200 ~ 400 °C. The heat treated anodic cerium oxide film at 400°C for 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2.5h, respectively, is the cerium dioxide film respectively, and has a structure of cubic fluorite respectively. The crystal structures of the cerium dioxide films become more complete with the increase of heat treatment times in 0.5h ~ 2.5h.
Fabrication of TiO2 by Rotating Horizontal Anodization and its CO2 Photoreduction Activity
Authors: Han Si Si , Li Dong , Chen Yin Fei , Zhang Ze Kai
Published: August 2017

A rotating horizontal electrode is used to substitute the classic vertical electrode in fabrication of anodic TiO2 nanotube membrane, which alleviates the uneven length distribution. TiO2 nanotube arrays membrane with more uniform length is thereby obtained and the mechanical property is improved. The CO2 photoreduction ability of TiO2 nanotube membrane was then tested.
The Effects of Water Flow Rate on Copper Corrosion
Authors: Mahmood M.H. , Suryanto  , Al Hazza Muataz Hazza Faizi
Published: August 2017

This study investigates the effect of water flowrate on the copper alloy corrosion by using a hydrodynamic corrosion test in operating conditions of water flow rate range between 0.05 and 3.5 m/s, the temperature range between 20 and 45 °C. Dissolved oxygen concentration was in the range between 6.1 and 9.2 mg/l. The effects of water properties density, viscosity, and the tube geometric dimensions also considered. Corrosion rate determined by the weight loss calculation method and the tested samples microstructures characterized using FESEM. The results showed that the copper surface layer more affected by water flow at the beginning of turbulent flow condition, while at fully developed turbulent flow condition the surface covered with a fixed oxide layer. Therefore, corrosion found to be at higher rates during the initial stage of the turbulent flow condition, but it reduced at fully developed turbulent flow conditions at higher water velocity. These results indicate that the overall flow rate conditions, which include physical properties of the fluid, hydrodynamic parameters, and the geometric tube dimensions, have the dominant influence on corrosion rate.
Annealing Effects in Nanograined Al-Cu-Mg Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Ktari Hassan Houcin , Couzine Jean Philippe , Bourgon Julie , Champion Yannick , Njah Nabil
Published: August 2017

The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in an industrial Al-Cu-Mg alloy processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing ECAP and heating. The die used is formed by two channels intersecting at an angle 90°. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and orientation (ASTAR) imaging were used in addition to hardness measurements. After heating, a sub-micron grain size is retained. In addition, a further hardening is observed due to secondary precipitation. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that the activation energy of θ’ precipitation is strongly lowered after ECAP.
A Grinding Wheel of Self-Lubrication with Solid Powder Lubricant and Centrifugal Impeller for Green Grinding Process of TC4 Alloy
Authors: Ding Yuan Fa , Huo Wen Guo , Su Xiang Dong , Zhang Lan
Published: August 2017

A new self-lubrication concept based on the techniques including of dry grinding and solid lubricating was proposed for green grinding process. And a kind of self-lubrication grinding wheel was designed with solid powder lubricant and centrifugal impeller inside. The self-lubricating was achieved by the blow out of the solid powder lubricant from the inner cavity of the wheel by the centrifugal force to the grinding surface. The experiments were conducted to study the friction and wear properties of the new cylindrical wheel samples manufactured by the proposed concept. The results showed that the flow channel diameters of 1 to 1.5 mm are the best for the blowing out of the solid lubricant to realize the continuous lubricating. After grinding, the surface coating is even, and the sizes of the abrasive particles are relatively uniform with no peeling into blocks. Although there is a certain wear loss of the grinding surface, the wear rate of the particles on the sample wheels is less than that of the traditional grinding wheel. The computational simulation of the self-lubrication wheel is conducted with the RSM method with FLUENT software to analyze the flow field in the wheel cavity of solid lubricant inside, which is meaningful for the study of the motion of the solid lubricant and useful for optimum design of the wheel design to realize the best self-lubricating performance.
Effect of Silica Fume and Fly Ash on Compressive Strength and Weight Loss of High Strength Concrete Material in Sulfuric and Acetic Acid Attack
Authors: Liu Wei , Tan Hong Lin , Ni Cheng Lin , Chen Zhi Bin , Luo Tian Zong , Yu Lan
Published: August 2017

This issue mainly studied the compressive strength and weight loss of high strength concrete in sulfuric and acetic acid attack. Different substitution amounts of silica fume and fly ash single single incorporated and co-incorporated in cement to form high strength concrete. Then weight losses, XRD and SEM were carried out to investigate compressive strength and acid resistance corrosion mechanism after leaching in 5% H2SO4 and 5% CH3COOH solution for 28 days. The results show S10F12 improves the compressive strength by 29.6%, 40.5% and 28.4% in 7, 28 and 56 days curing respectively compared to OPC. The improvement of resistant to 5% H2SO4 and 5% CH3COOH of S10F12 is 38.3% and 112.5% for 28 days immersion respectively, and S10f12 still has compressive strength of 58.8 MP and 45.9 MPa under 5% H2SO4 and 5% CH3COOH attack while OPC only has 38.8MPa and 21.6 MPa after 28 days immersion.
Water-Rock-CO2 Interaction in Hot Dry Rock - A Review
Authors: Xu Gui Xi , Wang Shu Zhong
Published: August 2017

Recently, using CO2 as fluid to exploit thermal energy in hot dry rock has attracted the attention of researchers. The water-rock-CO2 interaction in hot dry rock CO2 will change reservoir mineral composition and physical characteristics (such as porosity and permeability) by precipitation and dissolution of mineral in artificial geothermal reservoir, which will influence the stable operation of CO2-EGS and affect the scaling and corrosion in pipes and equipment. On the other hand, water-rock-CO2 interaction is closely related to CO2 sequestration. In this paper, the interaction mechanism including phase equilibrium, mineral composition analysis, temperature and brine component , interaction region and interaction damage are summarized, which can be used as a guide for further research。We find that the water-rock-CO2 interaction analysis now is most for single factor and single mineral component. And the mechanism of reaction between single supercritical CO2 and mineral is not clear. Study about spatio-temporal evolution of mineral component and fluid component, combined with the spatio-temporal evolution of temperature and pressure, is little.
Effect of Graphene Oxide on Non-Isothermal Melt Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)
Authors: Wang Kun Yan , Li Bin
Published: August 2017

Poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing. The effect of GO on non-isothermal melt crystallization kinetics of PTT with different amounts of GO were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Avrami, Ozawa and Mo were used to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization process. The results of Avrami analysis showed that adding GO into PTT matrix changed the crystallization nucleation of PTT. Ozawa analysis could not be used for the non-isothermal crystallization of PTT/GO nanocomposites. According to the results of Mo analysis, a higher cooling rate would be needed in order to obtain a higher degree of crystallinity at unit crystallization time.