bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elaboración de la base de datos del archivo técnico de la Dirección General de Catastro y Geografía y su importancia en la planificación de la gestión y ordenamiento del territorio en Honduras
Authors: Mondragón Claudia , Rodríguez César
Published: August 2015

Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se logró organizar y generar una base de datos de la información contenida en el Archivo Técnico de la Institución (desde las primeras fotos tomadas, ortofotos, mapas, documentos, etc.). Se escogió en base a la sugerencia de los encargados del Archivo Técnico, el (Proyecto Catastro Nacional 1977) sirviendo este como base y guía para una ampliación del proyecto, con el objetivo de modernizar y tecnificar el archivo técnico de la institución. En la base de datos, se estableció la ubicación física (sobre, número de estante, fila, columna) de cada fotografía aérea del antiguo Proyecto Catastro Nacional 1977. Además en que ND y número de hoja cartográfica está ubicada (base de datos específica para las hojas cartográficas), así como establecer en que rollo de negativos está contenida. Cubriendo e integrando en esta base de datos todos los componentes que forman parte del archivo técnico. Comenzando con el análisis de las fotografías aéreas, ligándolos a los ND, Hojas cartográficas, sobres y rollos de negativos. La información obtenida con el uso de la base de datos del archivo técnico, optimiza el tiempo-recurso de la institución y personal técnico y facilita el desarrollo de investigaciones futuras al facilitar el acceso a la información cartográfica y datos. el desarrollo de este proyecto es vital ya que el material que se encuentra en el archivo técnico y que se ha incorporado en la base de datos es importante para el desarrollo de la Dirección General de Catastro y Geografía. Podemos considerar que entre las aplicaciones del proyecto en la Ordenación Territorial encontramos una relación directa ya que para poder efectuar planificación y ordenación del territorio necesitamos hacer uso de cartografía.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 152-162
Determinación y análisis de áreas de potencial conflicto en el uso del suelo en el ejido municipal de San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina, utilizando la tecnología de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG)
Authors: Andrea Dzendoletas María
Published: August 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es la identificación y el análisis de las áreas con aptitud potencial para el desarrollo de actividades de producción primaria, expansión del uso urbano y conservación de vegetación nativa, a partir de la obtención de mapas de aptitud continua y posteriormente sus combinaciones tendientes a identificar las localizaciones de las áreas de potencial conflicto entre dichos usos en el ejido deSan Carlos de Bariloche. La metodología propuesta utilizando la Evaluación Multicriterio (EMC) integrada en un Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) proporciona el marco adecuado para la integración de los distintos factores (medio ambiente, economía y sociedad) que intervienen en la aptitud del suelo para cada uso.La EMC permitió simular correctamente las pautas espaciales de evolución real producida sobre el objeto de estudio, el espacio ambiental urbano a lo largo de la investigación, identificar y valorar cada alternativa, realizar consultas a expertos y volver a reorientar la evaluación, sin alejarse del objetivo propuesto a lo largo del proceso de decisión.La aplicación del modelo de resolución estandarizada, denominado Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (L.U.C.I.S.) fue propuesto en este trabajo, como un nuevo avance en el análisis espacial y permitió la detección de áreas de potenciales conflictos a partir de un estudio de localización, brindando una imagen anticipada de los cambios del uso del suelo y estimando aquellos futuros conflictos.Finalmente se demuestra que la combinación de la EMC y el modelo L.U.C.I.S. integrados en un SIG se constituyen en interesantes herramientas para el análisis de las complejas situaciones, capaces de asistir en los procesos de planificación territorial, gestión ambiental y en la toma de decisiones en términos de desarrollo sustentable.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 227-242
Evaluación del cambio de uso de suelo en el parque nacional “La Marquesa” (1994-2007), aplicando tecnología SIG
Authors: Chico Avelino Mónica , Trinidad Trinidad Miguel Ángel , Montoya Ayala Raymundo
Published: August 2015

El Parque Nacional Insurgente Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, conocido como “La Marquesa”, fue decretado en 1936 como Área Natural Protegida. A pesar de su condición de protección y conservación ha sufrido modificaciones en la cobertura vegetal, lo que ha generado problemáticas en sus ámbitos eco sistémicos. Por ello, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios de uso de suelo del año 1994 al 2007, con el fin de establecer una propuesta orientada a la conservación de esta Área Natural Protegida y la preservación de sus características ecológicas. Para cumplir con el objetivo se emplearon ortofotos correspondientes al periodo 1994, 1999 y 2007 a escala 1:75,000 para la digitalización de los distintos tipos de vegetación y usos del suelo logrando definir once categorías. Los resultados evidenciaron que el área ha experimentado modificaciones en la dinámica de utilización del territorio, siendo las actividades agrícolas y la mancha urbana, sobre todo para las actividades recreativas y de turismo que han tenido la mayor expansión, favoreciendo la deforestación y el crecimiento de los pastizales como consecuencia de la ganadería mal planeada, lo cual conlleva al disminución de la recarga de acuíferos y un gran impacto en los sistemas ambientales, por falta de políticas de manejo. De igual manera se logró identificar que entre las temporalidades de 1999 y 2007 es donde se presentaron los cambios más evidentes.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 243-258
Aplicación de tecnologías de información geográfica para el estudio arqueológico del corredor mesoamericano en el sur de Honduras
Authors: Rodríguez César , Rejas Ayuga Juan Gregorio
Published: August 2015

En el presente artículo se describe la aplicación de la teledetección espacial y los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en una primera aproximación a la investigación arqueológica del corredor mesoamericano a su paso por el sur de Honduras. El área de estudio cubre amplias zonas de los departamentos de Choluteca y Valle, representando un espacio poco investigado de gran relevancia antropológica.Uno de los objetivos principales del trabajo ha sido el reconocimiento y registro de sitios arqueológicos mediante técnicas no intrusivas, acción necesaria en un estadio inicial para la protección del patrimonio cultural hondureño en la región. Se han utilizado imágenes de los sensores ALI, TM y ETM+ en un período comprendido entre 1990 y 2011, que han sido co-registradas y procesadas para transformarlas a una misma escala radiométrica. Se han aplicado filtros y se han calculado índices que han permitido correlacionar parámetros del suelo y vegetación con la identificación de estructuras arqueológicas. Las muestras de materiales tomadas in situ se han medido en campo y en laboratorio con un espectro radiómetro ASD Field- Pro, con el objeto de generar patrones espectrales que faciliten el reconocimiento automático de otros restos arqueológicos homólogos. Los emplazamientos han sido verificados y geo referenciados por posicionamiento global GPS, validando los casos positivos en la cartografía temática generada a partir de las imágenes. Finalmente, se exponen los resultados obtenidos así como los análisis exploratorios iniciados por técnicas SIG para el conocimiento de las relaciones espaciales y geomorfológicas entre los principales asentamientos y culturas pre hispanos en el camino conductor que supone el corredor de Centroamérica.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 371-390
Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y Metodologías de Evaluación Multicriterio (EMC) en la búsqueda de escenarios alternativos para el mejoramiento socio-espacial de las áreas urbanas populares de la Ciudad de Comayagua
Authors: Palma Herrera José Luis
Published: August 2015

La investigación brindo una metodología en base a SIG y EMC como herramientas de apoyo para que el gobierno local mejore la accesibilidad espacial de la población menos favorecida de la ciudad de Comayagua a servicios públicos.Fases de la aplicación: 1) Obtención de mapas vector: se generan los mapas de todas las centralidades: i) puntuales: centros de salud y centros educativos; ii) lineales: rutas de transporte público. 2) Obtención de criterios: Los vectores se transforman en ráster, de esta manera, se puede trabajar con sus pixeles como unidad de medida y evaluación. La evaluación Multicriterio se realiza con el método WLC. 3) Obtención de criterios: cada centralidad o vector es una “capa temática”. Luego se define para cada una las distancias a la centralidad. Se definirán franjas de similar amplitud (metros) alrededor de la centralidad. Los valores de los pixeles para cada franja serían 5, 4, 3, 2 y 1 los pixeles más lejanos. 3) Combinación lineal ponderada (WLC): Al tener todos estos mapas de “nivel de accesibilidad” a cada centralidad o mapa, se superponen o suman con la calculadora. El valor mayor será el de mayor accesibilidad y el de menor valor el de menos accesibilidad. Esta resolución simple luego puede obtener variantes con el método de ponderación por WLC donde previo a la suma de valores se multiplican por un valor ponderado previamente. Pero se aplica posteriormente de haber obtenido los primeros resultados. Este es el MAPA DE ACCESIBILIDAD, es el resultado u objetivo 1. 4) Evaluación del modelo: realizamos una evaluación con criterios de accesibilidad para el cumplimiento de los objetivos del estudio. Si el modelo cumple dichos criterios el objetivo es alcanzado. En caso contrario, se genera otro modelo territorial para luego aplicar el procedimiento nuevamente hasta llegar al modelo óptimo.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 452-468
Cambios importantes en la cobertura de la tierra y análisis de transiciones sistemáticas en un sector del occidente de Honduras
Authors: Pineda de Carías María Cristina , Flores German , Castro Mirza , Jiménez Pedro , Reyes Gerardo , López Enrique
Published: August 2015

El objetivo fue aplicar tecnologías de información geográfica para identificar cambios importantes en cobertura de la tierra y, analizar señales dominantes ligadas a procesos de cambios sistemáticos en el occidente de Honduras. Se analizaron períodos antes y después del huracán Mitch que afectó Centroamérica en 1998. Se utilizaron mapas de 1991, 1995, 2003 y 2006 clasificados en: bosque mixto, pino, matorral, pastos, agricultura, urbano y suelo desnudo. Los de 1991 y 1995 y de 2003 y 2005 se compararon para construir matrices de tabulación cruzada que se analizaron separadamente para identificar persistencia, ganancias y pérdidas por categorías. Se calculó cambio neto, intercambio, cambio total; y las transiciones entre categorías. Como resultado se encontró que entre 1991-1995 el mayor cambio neto fue en agricultura (9.54%), matorral (6.07%) y pino (4.92%). Para 2003-2006, en matorral (5.54%), pasto (4.39%) y bosque mixto (3.13%). Entre 1991-1995 el intercambio se dio en la mayoría de las categorías: bosque mixto (20.15%), agricultura (18.86%), matorral (13.56%), pino (12.32%) y suelo desnudo (11.96%); y entre 2003-2006 en: agricultura (23.98%), pino (15.30%), suelo desnudo (14.77%), matorral (13.47) y bosque mixto (8.22%). Los resultados evidencian una alta dinámica de cambio del paisaje, 52.57% entre 1991-1995 y 48.78% entre 2003-2006. Las principales transiciones sistemáticas entre 1991-1995 fueron: de bosque mixto a pino y de matorral a agricultura, las primeras debidas a la expulsión de grandes aserraderos de la zona; las segundas al avance de la frontera agrícola. Entre 2003- 2006 las transiciones se dieron: de pino a bosque mixto y de matorral a pino, las primeras debidas a la importancia económica que adquirieron otras especies, las segundas al agotamiento de capacidad productiva de matorrales que pasaron a especies de mayor valor económico, como el pino. Estas últimas tendencias revelan potencialidad de regeneración natural del bosque e intencionalidades humanas de protección y económicas.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 469-492
Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity of Fresh Blueberries by Pulsed Light Treatment
Authors: Rock Cheryl , Guner Senem , Yang Wade , Gu Liwei , Percival Susan , Salcido Esmeralda
Published: August 2015

As a novel technology for food safety risk mitigation, pulsed light (PL) has been shown effective in surface decontamination of fresh blueberries in literature. However, little is known about the effects of PL on the antioxidant capacity and quality characteristics of fresh blueberries. Fresh blueberries from a local farm were treated with PL for 30, 60, 90 and 120 s. Results show that PL exposure enhanced the antioxidant activity (ORAC) and total phenolic content of fresh blueberries 50 and 48% respectively, relative to the control. Pulsed light also significantly increased the total anthocyanin contents, which may be due to the upregulation of Phenylalanine Ammonium Lyase (PAL) enzymes. There was no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, firmness, color and mass of the fresh blueberries within 120 s PL exposure. In conclusion, PL illumination enhanced the antioxidant capacity of fresh blueberries while maintaining other quality characteristics.
Delay Scheduling Based Replication Scheme for Hadoop Distributed File System
Authors:   Department of Computer Applications, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli - 620015, India, Suresh S. , Gopalan N.P.
Published: September 2015

The data generated and processed by modern computing systems burgeon rapidly. MapReduce is an important programming model for large scale data intensive applications. Hadoop is a popular open source implementation of MapReduce and Google File System (GFS). The scalability and fault-tolerance feature of Hadoop makes it as a standard for BigData processing. Hadoop uses Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storing data. Data reliability and fault-tolerance is achieved through replication in HDFS. In this paper, a new technique called Delay Scheduling Based Replication Algorithm (DSBRA) is proposed to identify and replicate (dereplicate) the popular (unpopular) files/blocks in HDFS based on the information collected from the scheduler. Experimental results show that, the proposed method achieves 13% and 7% improvements in response time and locality over existing algorithms respectively.
An Approach for Test Case Prioritization Based on Three Factors
Authors:   Department of C.S.E., U.I.E.T. Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India, Tyagi Manika , Malhotra Sona
Published: September 2015

The main aim of regression testing is to test the modified software during maintenance level. It is an expensive activity, and it assures that modifications performed in software are correct. An easiest strategy to regression testing is to re-test all test cases in a test suite, but due to limitation of resource and time, it is inefficient to implement. Therefore, it is necessary to discover the techniques with the goal of increasing the regression testing’s effectiveness, by arranging test cases of test suites according to some objective criteria. Test case prioritization intends to arrange test cases in such a manner that higher priority test cases execute earlier than test cases of lower priority according to some performance criteria. This paper presents an approach to prioritize regression test cases based on three factors which are rate of fault detection [6], percentage of fault detected and risk detection ability. The proposed approach is compared with different prioritization techniques such as no prioritization, reverse prioritization, random prioritization, and also with previous work of kavitha et al [6], using APFD (average percentage of fault detected) metric. The results represent that proposed approach outperformed all approaches mentioned above.
The Prospective Assessment of Nutrition in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Moeeni Vesal , Shojaee Pardis , Kianifar Hamidreza , Walls Tony , Pattemore Philip , Day Andrew S.
Published: September 2015

Aims: Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have increased risk of malnutrition. Early detection of nutritional deterioration enables prompt intervention and correction. The aims of this project were to define the nutritional status of CF patients in Iran and New Zealand, compare and contrast the McDonald Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) tool with the Australasian Guidelines for Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis, and validate these results with each patient’s evaluation by their CF clinical team.
Methods: Children with CF (2 - 18 years) were assessed during routine outpatient visits over one year. Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Both tools were applied and the results compared to their clinical evaluation (as gold standard) with calculation of specificity and sensitivity.
Results: Under-nutrition was seen more frequent in the 33 Iranian children than in the 36 New Zealand (NZ) patients (39% versus 0%, p=0.0001), whereas over-nutrition was more prevalent in NZ children (9% versus 17%, p=0.05). At the first visit, both guidelines were able to recognize 77% and 61% of under-nourished Iranian patients, respectively. The mean sensitivity and specificity for all visits for the McDonald tool were 83% & 73% (Iran) and 65% & 86% (NZ). Sensitivity and specificity for the Australasian guidelines were 79% & 79% (Iran) and 70% & 90% (NZ).
Conclusions: Both tools successfully recognised patients at risk of malnutrition. The McDonald tool had comparable sensitivity and specificity to that described previously, especially in Iranian patients. This tool may be helpful in recognizing at risk CF patients, particularlyin developing countries with fewer resources.
Developing an Instrument to Evaluate Psychosocial and Environmental Determinants of Parental Monitoring of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Authors: Branscum Paul , Housley Alexandra
Published: September 2015

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among children and adolescents is a public health concern, as up to 88% consume them on a daily basis. While much research has been done regarding what types of foods parents feed their children and how that is linked to various health outcomes, research determining how parents monitor there children’s SSB consumption has not been well studied. Identifying important environmental and psychosocial determinants of parental-monitoring behaviors is a greatly needed area for investigation. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a theory-based instrument related to this parenting practice. Initially, a 41-item instrument was developed and face and content validity were established using a panel of 6 experts. Next, the survey was administered to 270 parents (29 parents completed the survey twice). Psychometric properties tested of the instrument included construct validity, using the maximum likelihood extraction method of factor analysis, internal consistency reliability, using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability using Pearson-product moment correlations between instrument results taken at two separate occasions. Initial results suggested some scales required re-specification, which included removing weak and/or non-related items. Results from this study can be used to assist future health professionals and researchers for measuring theory-based determinants of parental practices related to monitoring SSB consumption. This process can also be replicated to construct instruments measuring other critical obesogenic behaviors, such as monitoring fruit and vegetable consumption, or physical activity.
Valve's Way
Authors: Puranam Phanish , Håkonsson Dorthe Døjbak
Published: September 2015

What can we learn from outliers? While statisticians rightly warn us against their non-representativeness, we believe it is also true that thinking carefully about what makes them atypical may improve our understanding of the typical case. This is the premise behind the Organization Zoo series. Valve Corporation (Valve) is an unusual firm. It is a rare example of a firm that appears to operate without any formal hierarchy in its organization. What can we learn about the viability of authority hierarchies from Valve’s way of organizing? We wrote a brief account of Valve based on public information sources and asked several renowned organizational experts to comment on this unusual firm. We asked them to write a short commentary on what the Valve example means for organizational theorists and practitioners. Thankfully, they all accepted, and we are excited to present the results of their thinking in this first “exhibit” in the Organization Zoo.
Valve Corporation: Composing Internal Markets
Authors: Zenger Todd R.
Published: September 2015

Discussions of the Valve Corporation are always enlightening. The skeptic wonders how much is rhetoric and recruiting ploy and how much is real. Is there clear evidence that this organizational design actually works – that it is efficient in this setting? While revenues per employee are quite remarkable, cause and effect are unclear. Is “boss-less-ness” the cause of high sales per employee or simply the result of high sales per employee, fueled from earlier success? The same question could be asked of Google’s unusual organizational approach. Is Google’s success the result of its extensive autonomy granted to employees, or is its past success the enabling cause of such autonomy? Such questions, of course, are empirically unanswerable here. I therefore set them aside and assume this organizational specimen is efficient – well-suited to its environment – and proceed with further commentary.
Valve Corporation: Strategy Tipping Points and Thresholds
Authors: Felin Teppo
Published: September 2015

Valve Corporation represents an intriguing case study of flat structure and self organization (Puranam & Håkonsson, 2015; Valve, 2012).  The structures and practices of Valve of course are not new. But the company provides an interesting experiment and illustration that powerfully highlights how organizational design can impact individual and collective behavior, strategy and performance.
What Lessons Should We Learn From Valve’s Innovative Management Model?
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian
Published: September 2015

Valve is a fascinating example of a company experimenting with a new way of working – one in which there are no traditional managers, and where employees are encouraged to take direct responsibility for choosing their own projects and completing them in an efficient and effective way. Of course, Valve is not alone in pushing a “manager free” model. Zappos (owned by Amazon) is currently experimenting with a similar model they call “holacracy”, and moving further back in time there are such classic examples as W.L. Gore and Associates’ “lattice structure”, Oticon’s “spaghetti organization”, and Brazilian industrial products company, Semco. Nonetheless, Valve’s experiments are note worthy because they are ambitious, visible, and so far very successful.
It works – I know it works
Authors: Kolind Lars
Published: September 2015

Valve is the prototype knowledge-based company because its organizational design fosters creativity, action, fast learning, and high productivity. I experienced a similar organization about 15 years before Valve, at Oticon, the Danish hearing aid manufacturer which dropped bosses, titles, departments, and most of the bureaucracy and paperwork that slows down work. As in Valve, the value-creation was spectacular: 60% growth in market value each year for a ten-year period.
Propriété intellectuelle, Cour suprême du Canada et droit civil
Authors: Rivoire Maxence , Gold E. Richard
Published: September 2015

La Cour suprême du Canada est un laboratoire de droit comparé. Symbole de l’hybridation entre le droit civil et la common law, elle est composée de juges provenant du Québec et du reste du Canada. Chaque mariage connaît son lot de difficultés : il arrive que la Cour doive interpréter le droit fédéral alors que les deux systèmes se contredisent. En l’absence de règles supplétives communes ayant vocation à s’appliquer à l’ensemble du pays, les juges doivent alors opter pour l’une ou l’autre des traditions. Les auteurs se servent de l’exemple de la propriété intellectuelle pour examiner le traitement du droit civil par la Cour suprême dans le domaine du droit d’auteur, du droit des brevets et du droit des marques de commerce.

L’article part du constat de l’impopularité des arguments civilistes pour en expliquer les raisons profondes, d’ordre philosophique. D’un côté, la common law, qui voit dans la propriété intellectuelle un instrument au service de l’innovation, de la création ou du commerce. De l’autre, le droit civil, pour lequel la protection de la personne du titulaire du droit est une fin en soi. Au milieu, la Cour suprême, qui fait le choix délibéré de la common law. Les auteurs, formés dans la richesse des deux traditions, offrent un regard particulier eu égard à leurs parcours. Une mixité à l’image du transsystémisme qui leur permet d’aboutir à une rare neutralité scientifique. Leur texte s’adresse aux juristes canadiens mais aussi, à l’heure où s’élaborent des projets d’intégration et d’harmonisation du droit dans le Vieux Continent, à la communauté juridique internationale.
Safety Risk of Mobile Phone Use while Driving in Sample of Taxi Drivers
Authors: Darçın Murat , Alkan Murat
Published: September 2015

Previous research has shown that mobile phone use while driving increases the risk of being involved in an accident. This paper investigates the reported frequency of taxi drivers' mobile phone use and its effects on traffic safety. A representative sample of taxi drivers was included in an interview-based survey by trained interviewers. It was found that 81% of the taxi drivers reported talking by using hand-held phone while driving. There is a relationship between the phoning while driving and drivers' self-reported involvement in a dangerous situation. It is clear that the use of mobile phone while driving is an important traffic safety issue.
New Graphical Approach to Railway Infrastructure Capacity Analysis
Authors: Gašparík Jozef , Abramović Borna , Halás Martin
Published: September 2015

A variety of methodologies are being used across Europe for the estimation of railway infrastructure capacity. This paper introduces the basic principles of the methodologies used – analytical methodology (e.g. Slovak railways), UIC methodology, and the graphically developed methodology of the Department of Railway Transport, University of Žilina (KŽD). On the basis of these new approaches, the occupation time estimation is researched. This new method is based on a graphic approach that uses operational time intervals as part of occupation time in accordance with the Slovak methodology. The new methodology concerns graphic capacity estimation and is a conceptual framework developed by the authors for easier evaluation of occupation time in train traffic diagrams.
Evaluation of Eco-Driving Using Smart Mobile Devices
Authors: Husnjak Siniša , Forenbacher Ivan , Bucak Tino
Published: September 2015

The methods of measuring driving behaviour and the quality of drive in road transport are important factors in data acquisition and subsequent analysis of driving. The prevalence of smart terminal devices and cost effectiveness of On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) sensor devices provide great potential and the availability of the aforementioned technologies. This study shows the possibility of using information and communication technologies (ICT) and sensor devices for measuring the effectiveness of eco-driving. The ease of implementation of ICT elements, the accuracy of collected data and their storage for later data analysis offer a number of possibilities to use. This study shows the technical solution of the system and analysis of collected data on actual driving samples. By comparing normal and eco-driving modes, the advantage of using eco-driving modes is demonstrated through reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions amounting to almost 23% and 31%, respectively.
Prioritizing Clinician Wellbeing: The University of Virginia's Compassionate Care Initiative
Authors: Bauer-Wu Susan , Fontaine Dorrie
Published: September 2015

Background:

Working in healthcare is increasingly challenging for nurses, physicians, and other health professionals. Ongoing high stress takes a toll on clinicians and interferes with the quality of their patient care. Fostering clinician wellbeing needs to be a priority; if not, the human and financial consequences are significant.

Objective:

To describe the University of Virginia (UVA) School of Nursing's Compassionate Care Initiative (CCI) as an example of an organizational case study that is engaged in multi-pronged efforts to cultivate a resilient healthcare workforce committed to high-quality, compassionate, relationship-based care.

Methods:

This case report de scribes the development, implementation, and evaluation of the CCI at UVA. Various elements of the program are reviewed, which include harnessing talents and interests of the larger institution in the establishment of Compassionate Care Ambassadors, outreach to the community, innovative student-specific educational activities, and a national media program.

Conclusion:

The UVA CCI is a successful model of an organizational effort to promote clinician wellbeing and resilience. Aspects from this program can be adapted to other organizations that are committed to addressing this critical issue in US healthcare today.
Aligning Theory and Design: The Development of an Online Learning Intervention to Teach Evidence-based Practice for Maximal Reach
Authors: Delagran Louise , Vihstadt Corrie , Evans Roni
Published: September 2015

Background:

Online educational interventions to teach evidence-based practice (EBP) are a promising mechanism for overcoming some of the barriers to incorporating research into practice. However, attention must be paid to aligning strategies with adult learning theories to achieve optimal outcomes.

Methods:

We describe the development of a series of short self-study modules, each covering a small set of learning objectives. Our approach, informed by design-based research (DBR), involved 6 phases: analysis, design, design evaluation, redesign, development/implementation, and evaluation. Participants were faculty and students in 3 health programs at a complementary and integrative educational institution.

Results:

We chose a reusable learning object approach that allowed us to apply 4 main learning theories: events of instruction, cognitive load, dual processing, and ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction). A formative design evaluation suggested that the identified theories and instructional approaches were likely to facilitate learning and motivation. Summative evaluation was based on a student survey (N=116) that addressed how these theories supported learning. Results suggest that, overall, the selected theories helped students learn.

Conclusion:

The DBR approach allowed us to evaluate the specific intervention and theories for general applicability. This process also helped us define and document the intervention at a level of detail that covers almost all the proposed Guideline for Reporting Evidence-based practice Educational intervention and Teaching (GREET) items. This thorough description will facilitate the interpretation of future research and implementation of the intervention. Our approach can also serve as a model for others considering online EBP intervention development.
Evidence for weakening of the Walker circulation from cloud observations
Authors: Bellomo Katinka , Clement Amy C.
Published: September 2015

Climate models simulate a weakening of the Walker circulation in response to increased greenhouse gases, but it has not been possible to detect this weakening with observations because there are not direct measurements of atmospheric circulation strength. Indirect measurements, such as equatorial gradients in sea level pressure (SLP), exhibit trends of inconsistent sign. In this study we estimate the change in midtropospheric velocity (ω500) from observed change in cloud cover, which we argue is more closely tied to the overturning circulation than indirect measurements of SLP at the surface. Our estimates suggest a weakening and eastward shift of the Walker circulation over the last century. Because changes in cloud cover in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations forced with increased sea surface temperature are remarkably similar in pattern, sign, and magnitude, we assert that the observed changes in cloud cover and the associated weakening of Walker circulation are at least in part externally forced.
High‐pressure metamorphism in the southern New England Orogen: Implications for long‐lived accretionary orogenesis in eastern Australia
Authors: Phillips G. , Offler R. , Rubatto D. , Phillips D.
Published: September 2015

New geochemical, metamorphic, and isotopic data are presented from high‐pressure metamorphic rocks in the southern New England Orogen (eastern Australia). Conventional and optimal thermobarometry are augmented by U‐Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar phengite dating to define pressure‐temperature‐time (P‐T‐t) histories for the rocks. The P‐T‐t histories are compared with competing geodynamic models for the Tasmanides, which can be summarized as (i) a retreating orogen model, the Tasmanides formed above a continuous, west dipping, and eastward retreating subduction zone, and (ii) a punctuated orogen model, the Tasmanides formed by several arc accretion, subduction flip, and/or transference events. Whereas both scenarios are potentially supported by the new data, an overlap between the timing of metamorphic recrystallization and key stages of Tasmanides evolution favors a relationship between a single, long‐lived subduction zone and the formation, exhumation, and exposure of the high‐pressure rocks. By comparison with the retreating orogen model, the following links with the P‐T‐t histories emerge: (i) exhumation and underplating of oceanic eclogite during the Delamerian Orogeny, (ii) recrystallization of underplated and exhuming high‐pressure rocks at amphibolite facies conditions coeval with a period of rollback, and (iii) selective recrystallization of high‐pressure rocks at blueschist facies conditions, reflecting metamorphism in a cooled subduction zone. The retreating orogen model can also account for the anomalous location of the Cambrian‐Ordovician high‐pressure rocks in the Devonian‐Carboniferous New England Orogen, where sequential rollback cycles detached and translated parts of the leading edge of the overriding plate to the next, younger orogenic cycle.
ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012: Coreless Filament Winding Based on the Morphological Principles of an Arthropod Exoskeleton
Authors: Knippers Jan , La Magna Riccardo , Menges Achim , Reichert Steffen , Schwinn Tobias , Waimer Frédéric
Published: September 2015

Advanced design, simulation and fabrication technologies facilitate the exploration and transferring of the morphological principles of fibrous systems from biology to technology. The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 pioneered such an approach for architecture. Jan Knippers, Riccardo La Magna, Achim Menges, Steffen Reichert, Tobias Schwinn and Frédéric Waimer of the Institute for Computational Design (ICD) and Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) research team at the University of Stuttgart describe how they approached the design of the pavilion, which is located on the school's campus.
Single Crystal‐Like Performance in Solution‐Coated Thin‐Film Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: del Pozo Freddy G. , Fabiano Simone , Pfattner Raphael , Georgakopoulos Stamatis , Galindo Sergi , Liu Xianjie , Braun Slawomir , Fahlman Mats , Veciana Jaume , Rovira Concepció , Crispin Xavier , Berggren Magnus , Mas‐Torrent Marta
Published: September 2015

In electronics, the field‐effect transistor (FET) is a crucial cornerstone and successful integration of this semiconductor device into circuit applications requires stable and ideal electrical characteristics over a wide range of temperatures and environments. Solution processing, using printing or coating techniques, has been explored to manufacture organic field‐effect transistors (OFET) on flexible carriers, enabling radically novel electronics applications. Ideal electrical characteristics, in organic materials, are typically only found in single crystals. Tiresome growth and manipulation of these hamper practical production of flexible OFETs circuits. To date, neither devices nor any circuits, based on solution‐processed OFETs, has exhibited an ideal set of characteristics similar or better than today's FET technology based on amorphous silicon. Here, bar‐assisted meniscus shearing of dibenzo‐tetrathiafulvalene to coat‐process self‐organized crystalline organic semiconducting domains with high reproducibility is reported. Including these coatings as the channel in OFETs, electric field and temperature‐independent charge carrier mobility and no bias stress effects are observed. Furthermore, record‐high gain in OFET inverters and exceptional operational stability in both air and water are measured.
In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation of Growth Kinetics and Catalyst Splitting in Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth of Nanowires
Authors: Huang Xing , Wang Zhu‐Jun , Weinberg Gisela , Meng Xiang‐Min , Willinger Marc‐Georg
Published: September 2015

In situ observations during vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth of semiconductor nanowires in the chamber of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) are reported. For nanowire growth, a powder mixture of CdS and ZnS is used as a source material and silver nanoparticles as a metal catalyst. Through tracing growth kinetics of nanowires, it is found that nanowires with a relatively bigger catalyst droplet on the tip grow faster. Intriguingly, it is also found that the growth of nanowires can involve catalyst splitting: while the majority of catalyst remains at the nanowire tip and continues facilitating the growth, a portion of it is removed from the tip due to the splitting. It remains attached to the nanowire at the position where the splitting occurred and subsequently induces the growth of a nanowire branch. As far as it is known, this is the first time that catalyst splitting is revealed experimentally in situ. It is proposed that the instability of catalyst droplet caused by the volume increase is the main reason for the splitting. It is believed that in situ growth inside the ESEM can largely enrich our understanding on the metal‐catalyzed VLS growth kinetics, which may open up more opportunities for morphology‐controlled synthesis of 1D semiconductor nanowires in future study.
Electrospun Polycaprolactone 3D Nanofibrous Scaffold with Interconnected and Hierarchically Structured Pores for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Xu Tao , Miszuk Jacob M. , Zhao Yong , Sun Hongli , Fong Hao
Published: September 2015

For the first time, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D nanofibrous scaffold has been developed by an innovative and convenient approach (i.e., thermally induced nanofiber self‐agglomeration followed by freeze drying), and the scaffold possesses interconnected and hierarchically structured pores including macropores with sizes up to ≈300 μm. The novel PCL 3D scaffold is soft and elastic with very high porosity of ≈96.4%, thus it is morphologically/structurally similar to natural extracellular matrix and well suited for cell functions and tissue formation. The in vitro studies reveal that the scaffold can lead to high cell viability; more importantly, it is able to promote more potent BMP2‐induced chondrogenic than osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Consistent to the in vitro findings, the in vivo results indicate that the electrospun PCL 3D scaffold acts as a favorable synthetic extracellular matrix for functional bone regeneration through the physiological endochondral ossification process.
Tuning the Electronic Structure of Graphene through Collective Electrostatic Effects
Authors: Kraberger Gernot J. , Egger David A. , Zojer Egbert
Published: September 2015

Electrostatically designing materials opens a new avenue for realizing systems with user‐defined electronic properties. Here, an approach is presented for efficiently patterning the electronic structure of layered systems such as graphene by means of collective electrostatic effects. Using density‐functional theory simulations, it is found that lines of polar elements can strongly modify the energy landscape of this prototypical 2D material. This results in a confinement of electronic states in specific regions of the sample and, consequently, in a local energetic shift of the density of states. The latter is also directly reflected in the details of the band structure of the electrostatically patterned sample. Finally, it is shown that the approach can also be successfully applied to other 2D materials such as hexagonal boron nitride, where the effects are predicted to be even more pronounced than in graphene.
New MINLP formulation for the multiperiod pooling problem
Authors: Castro Pedro M.
Published: September 2015

The modeling of blending tank operations in petroleum refineries for the most profitable production of liquid fuels in a context of time‐varying supply and demand is addressed. A new mixed‐integer nonlinear programming formulation is proposed that using individual flows and split fractions as key model variables leads to a different set of nonconvex bilinear terms compared with the original work of Kolodziej et al. These are better handled by decomposition algorithms that divide the problem into integer and nonlinear components as well as by commercial solvers. In fact, BARON and GloMIQO can solve to global optimality all problems resulting from the new formulation and test problems from the literature. A tailored global optimization algorithm working with a tight mixed‐integer linear relaxation from multiparametric disaggregation achieves a similar performance. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3728–3738, 2015
Association between sex inequality in animal protein intake and economic development in the Papua New Guinea highlands: The carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of scalp hair and fingernail
Authors: Umezaki Masahiro , Naito Yuichi I. , Tsutaya Takumi , Baba Jun , Tadokoro Kiyoshi , Odani Shingo , Morita Ayako , Natsuhara Kazumi , Phuanukoonnon Suparat , Vengiau Gwendalyn , Siba Peter M. , Yoneda Minoru
Published: September 2015

Objectives

People in the Papua New Guinea Highlands consume sweet potatoes as their dietary staple; consumption of animal protein is limited. In such societies with marginal protein intake, the intra‐household allocation of animal protein in terms of sex or age is of importance. The objective of this study was to investigate how the allocation pattern of protein‐rich foods by sex and age is associated with economic development in the Papua New Guinea Highlands.

Methods

The carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of fingernails, collected in 1995 in two areas (Tari and Port Moresby [the national capital where Tari migrants resided]), and of scalp hair, collected in 2007, 2012, and 2013 in three areas of different degree of economic development (Levani, Tari, and Goroka) were analyzed.

Results

Analysis of fingernail samples showed that δ15N was lower in rural communities than in the urban migrant community, while a sex difference in δ15N (higher in males than in females) was found in the former but not in the latter community. Age was not associated with either δ15N or δ13C values. The analysis of scalp hair samples showed that δ15N values were lowest in Levani, the least developed area. Furthermore, there were statistically significant sex differences in δ15N values in Levani but not in Tari and Goroka. Age was not associated with either δ15N or δ13C values.

Discussion

The sex inequality in animal protein consumption seems to have decreased as the communities in the Papua New Guinea Highlands have experienced economic development. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:164–173, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Accurate In Vitro Model of the E. coli Envelope
Authors: Clifton Luke A. , Holt Stephen A. , Hughes Arwel V. , Daulton Emma L. , Arunmanee Wanatchaporn , Heinrich Frank , Khalid Syma , Jefferies Damien , Charlton Timothy R. , Webster John R. P. , Kinane Christian J. , Lakey Jeremy H.
Published: September 2015

Gram‐negative bacteria are an increasingly serious source of antibiotic‐resistant infections, partly owing to their characteristic protective envelope. This complex, 20 nm thick barrier includes a highly impermeable, asymmetric bilayer outer membrane (OM), which plays a pivotal role in resisting antibacterial chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the OM molecular structure and its dynamics are poorly understood because the structure is difficult to recreate or study in vitro. The successful formation and characterization of a fully asymmetric model envelope using Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaefer methods is now reported. Neutron reflectivity and isotopic labeling confirmed the expected structure and asymmetry and showed that experiments with antibacterial proteins reproduced published in vivo behavior. By closely recreating natural OM behavior, this model provides a much needed robust system for antibiotic development.
Oxidative Deselenization of Selenocysteine: Applications for Programmed Ligation at Serine
Authors: Malins Lara R. , Mitchell Nicholas J. , McGowan Sheena , Payne Richard J.
Published: September 2015

Despite the unique chemical properties of selenocysteine (Sec), ligation at Sec is an under‐utilized methodology for protein synthesis. We describe herein an unprecedented protocol for the conversion of Sec to serine (Ser) in a single, high‐yielding step. When coupled with ligation at Sec, this transformation provides a new approach to programmed ligations at Ser residues. This new reaction is compatible with a wide range of functionality, including the presence of unprotected amino acid side chains and appended glycans. The utility of the methodology is demonstrated in the rapid synthesis of complex glycopeptide fragments of the epithelial glycoproteins MUC5AC and MUC4 and through the total synthesis of the structured, cysteine (Cys)‐free protein eglin C.
Coordination Chemistry of [Co(acac)2] with N‐Doped Graphene: Implications for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Reactivity of Organometallic Co‐O4‐N Species
Authors: Han Jongwoo , Sa Young Jin , Shim Yeonjun , Choi Min , Park Noejung , Joo Sang Hoon , Park Sungjin
Published: September 2015

Hybridization of organometallic complexes with graphene‐based materials can give rise to enhanced catalytic performance. Understanding the chemical structures within hybrid materials is of primary importance. In this work, archetypical hybrid materials are synthesized by the reaction of an organometallic complex, [CoII(acac)2] (acac=acetylacetonate), with N‐doped graphene‐based materials at room temperature. Experimental characterization of the hybrid materials and theoretical calculations reveal that the organometallic cobalt‐containing species is coordinated to heterocyclic groups in N‐doped graphene as well as to its parental acac ligands. The hybrid material shows high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, and superior durability and methanol tolerance to a Pt/C catalyst. Based on the chemical structures and ORR experiments, the catalytically active species is identified as a Co‐O4‐N structure.