bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A model of the steam compression process in a piston reactor
Authors: Joachimiak Damian , Borowczyk Tomasz , Joachimiak Magda
Published: May 2024

The paper discusses the possible determination of steam parameters in a new type of piston machine for steam compression to generate supercritical water parameters. It presents a calculation model that allows one to simulate the process of steam compression in a cylinder with volume regulated by the piston position. In each calculation step, the steam parameters were determined on the basis of fast adiabatic changes which were corrected by the effect of leakage and heat transfer occurrence. The seal of the reactor was assumed to be a compression ring. Depending on the pressure drop on the seal, subcritical and supercritical flow was taken into account. The leak was corrected by the coefficient of flow contraction. Heat transfer was determined by equations for the Nusselt number for water and steam from the homogenous area. The programmed model allows one to simulate changes in the thermodynamic parameters of steam during the process of steam compression with any calculation step. The results presented in this paper show that the application of one compression ring allows us to obtain supercritical steam parameters. Various degrees of sealing leak tightness and their impact on the changeability of steam parameters were analyzed. Heat transfer was shown to have an impact not only on changes in steam temperature, but also on pressure. This paper analyzes the impact of the temperature of the walls of the compression chamber on the value and direction of heat transfer.
Experimental investigation of limit parameters of direct contact condensation in the heat exchanger for waste heat recovery
Authors: Nazarova Iryna , Gutkowski Artur
Published: May 2024

In the present study, a suitable composition of parameters has been obtained to provide an efficient process of cooling flue gas with complete condensation of water vapour from air-water vapour mixture on a water film in co-current upward flow in the tube of the direct contact heat and mass exchanger. The results showed that the value of the irrigation density depends on the velocity of the air-water vapour mixture and the initial vapour content and should be calculated from an empirical equation. The active pipe height depends on the velocity of the air-water vapour mixture and the initial vapour content and should also be calculated from an empirical equation. For example, if the initial vapour content of the air-water vapour mixture is 11%, the velocity of the mixture is 20.8 m/s the height of the channel should not exceed 0.460 m. The value of the water heating limit temperature increases from 46◦C to 62◦C with a change in the initial vapour content from 11% to 30%. The present experimental results could be helpful in the design of direct contact heat and mass exchangers for waste heat recovery.
Determination of an axial gas cyclone separator cut-off point by CFD numerical modeling
Authors: Ryfa Arkadiusz , Tokarski Mieszko , Adamczyk Wojciech , Klimanek Adam , Bargiel Paweł , Białecki Ryszard , Kocot Michał , Kania Harald , Stecko Janusz , Czaplicka Marianna
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with the numerical simulation of a pilot-scale axial cyclone separator. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model that is able to foresee the cyclone separator cut-off point. This is crucial in blast furnace gas installation to capture large particles containing carbon and iron, while allowing smaller particles such as zinc and lead to pass through. The cut-off point must be designed to give a sufficiently high zinc and lead content in the sludge created after the second cleaning stage. This allows the sludge to become a commercial product. To design this cut-off point, an investigation of the influence of inlet gas velocity, temperature, and the angle of guiding vanes at the inlet was done. The developed CFD model was validated against experimental data on the fractional efficiency of the cyclone separator. The results were in good agreement with the experimental data for all parameters tested. The behavior of the particles inside the cyclone was also physically correct.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR ENDOFIT PADA TANAMAN STROBERI (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Rosalinda’) DI DESA CANDIKUNING KABUPATEN TABANAN, BALI
Authors: Meniwati  , Darmadi Anak Agung , Hardini Junita
Published: May 2024

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are subtropical plants well adapted to Indonesia’s highlands. Strawberries cultivated in Candikuning Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali are Fragaria × ananassa Duch. 'Rosalinda'. The fruit is widely used because it produces bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds can also be obtained from endophytic fungi that live in host tissues. The study aimsed to identify the genus of endophytic fungi on the leaves and petioles of strawberries and to find out the benefits of the endophytic fungi found (literature review). This study used a descriptive method, which was carried out from December 2022 to February 2023. The stages in this study were the isolation of endophytic fungi, purification, and macroscopic and microscopic identification. There were 10 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves and petioles. Nine isolates were identified Aspergillus, Cercospora, Alternaria, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Cylindrocladium, Cunninghamella, and Phytophthora. One isolate was not identified (mycelia sterile). These endophytic fungi are useful as biological controllers against plant pathogens, medicinal ingredients, and insecticides.
Keywords: Candikuning, endophytic fungi, identification, isolation, strawberries
MORFOLOGI DAN TIPE STOMATA DELAPAN SPESIES BAMBU KOLEKSI KEBUN RAYA EKA KARYA BALI
Authors: Nitawaro Faizun Nadhiyah , Pharmawati Made , Gari Ni Made , Priyadi Arief
Published: May 2024

Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden is one of the ex-situ plant conservation centers in the island of Bali. There are various collections of plants, one of which is bamboo. Indonesia is estimated to have 176 species of bamboo which is more than 12% of the world's bamboo species. The Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden has a collection of 58 bamboo collections. Several genera among the existing bamboo collections, namely Bambusa, Gigantochloa, Schizotachyum and Neololeba need to be characterized morphologically. This study aimed to analyze the morphological and types of stomata on eight bamboo species (Neololeba atra, Bambusa maculata, Bambusa ooh, Giganthochloa apus, Giganthochloa aya, Giganthochloa taluh, Schizostachyum lima, dan Schizostachyum silicatum) from the “Eka Karya” Botanical Garden collection. The morphological characters observed were bamboo clumps, stems color, branches, reed sheaths color, and leaves.  For observation of stomatal characteristics, the type and density of stomata were observed by making a replica of the lower epidermis of the leaf and observing it under a microscope with a magnification of 400x. The results showed that the morphological characters of the eight bamboo species had dense clumps and lateral branches but there were differences in the color of the stems, sheath, upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, while the type of stomata was the same, namely the type Gramineae.
Keywords: Bamboo, stem, leaf, morphology, stomata
DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI PATOGEN JAMUR TERBAWA BENIH PADA MALAPARI [Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre]
Authors: Faridah ML Salma ‘Ariqotul , Arpiwi Ni Luh
Published: May 2024

The existence of malapari as a potential bioenergy plant relies on the natural populations in coastal forests, which are decreasing due to erosion and human activities. The provision of high-quality malapari seedlings, mostly through generative reproduction, is necessary to enhance its population in nature. However, one of the obstacles encountered during the seed germination process is the low germination capacity or ability of seeds due to poor seed quality. The presence of seed-borne pathogens affects seed health. This study aims to identify seed-borne pathogenic fungi and seed germination capacity in three malapari accessions. The research was carried out at the Plant Taxonomy (Mycology) Laboratory, Biology Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, from January to February 2023, using malapari seeds obtained from three accessions, namely Tangguwisia, Umeanyar, and Seririt. The seeds were sterilized, followed by the blotter test method and direct sowing method on Potato Dextrose Agar media, then incubated at room temperature. Isolates that grew were reisolated on fresh PDA media to obtain pure cultures for subsequent observation and identification at the genus and/or species level. The results revealed the presence of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Alternaria sp. The percentage of germination capacity was highest in Seririt (38%), followed by Umeanyar (35%), and Tangguwisia (31%).
Keywords: Aspergillus, blotter test, fabaceae, germination percentage, viability
STATE FORMATIONS IN ANCIENT TURKIC STEPPE SOCIETIES
Authors: Yıldırım Kürşat , Elvin Yıldırım
Published: May 2024

The Turks are one of the oldest nations of the world, and there is evidence that they had established states very early in their history. The masses of the Turks living a nomadic life in the steppes had formed political structures diff erent from the state systems of settled societies, and we can call these "steppe states". The most important feature of the steppe states was that they did not have fi xed centers and ruled over expansive territories using their well-trained armies. Nomadic steppe states were unions of tribes. They were established not by settled states or cities, but by the gathering of nomads who had the power of war. A family with authority torule ("kut" in ancient Turkic), which was received from God and could be held by legitimacy, established the state. The strength of the centralized structure depended on the ability to intervene in the remote corners of the state; otherwise, the dynamics of the steppe would bring about the rebellion of the connected tribes. The Turkic state existed in tribes formed by families connected to each other by blood kinship, and the state emerged from the tight, disciplined cooperation among these tribes. This gave the state a military character. Since the soldiers, horses and weapons were always ready for war, the expansion of the state was inevitable. Starting from the Huns until the 9th century, the center of these great states, which had a nomadic structure before Islam came onto the scene, was Ötüken, which was originally thought to be in the Orkhun Valley. After the 9th-10th centuries, Turkic states were established by Muslim horse warriors who combined urban and nomadic steppe traditions, making rich trade networks their political centers.
АРМЯНСКАЯ ОБЩИНА ТАВРИКИ-КРЫМА В ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОЕ ВРЕМЯ: АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАМЯТНИКИ
Authors: Байбуртский Аркадий Михайлович
Published: May 2024

Армянские древности Таврики-Крыма рассматриваются как совокупность археологических объектов, включающих материальные свидетельства присутствия армян на территории полуострова в золотоордынское время (середина XIII–XV вв.). Проблематика их выделения из массива средневековых памятников полуострова связана с выявлением в изучаемых комплексах т.н. «этнических маркеров» – объектов эпиграфики, архитектуры, декора. При этом, в археологическом плане материальное наследие крымских армян XIV–XV вв. включает культурные напластования и строительные остатки древнихгородов, селений, монастырей и могильников. Нижняя хронологическая граница функционирования памятников относится к первой половиной XIV в., а верхняя в большинстве случаев определяется XVI–XVIII вв., что связано с фактом продолжения деятельности армянской общины на полуострове уже в османское время.
ХЕРСОН ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIII – XIV ВВ.: К ХРОНОЛОГИИ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ГОРОДА
Authors: Цымбал Марк Леонидович
Published: May 2024

В статье кратко освещены основные подходы к рассмотрению истории Херсонеса на последних этапах существования (во второй половине XIII – XIV вв.) и дана критическая оценка некоторых из них. Работа разделена на две части. В первой части выполнена попытка уточнить датировку пожара, охватившего большую часть города в третьей четверти XIII в. и выдвинута гипотеза о возможности наличия двух слоев (в третьей четверти и конце XIII в.), связанных с разрушениями. Во второй части работы рассмотрены различные версии о разрушении города в XIV в. На основе анализа письменных источников и сопоставлении их с археологическим материалом сделано предположение о разрушении Херсона в ходе похода Мамая летом 1365 г. Вероятно, наряду с Херсоном, в значительной степени могла пострадать и его округа. Среди мест, которые могли пострадать во время похода Мамая – скит на мысе Виноградный.
ИТОГИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПОСТБОХАЙСКИХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ПРИМОРЬЯ (ГОРОДИЩЕ КОКШАРОВКА-1, ПОГРЕБАЛЬНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС КОКШАРОВКА-8)
Authors: Клюев Николай Александрович , Белова Ирина Владимировна
Published: May 2024

В статье освещены основные итоги исследований двух памятников - городища Кокшаровка-1 и погребального комплекса Кокшаровка-8, - относящихся к малоизученному на сегодняшний день периоду средневековой археологии Приморья X–XI вв. н.э. Хронологический диапазон после гибели государства Бохай и до образования чжурчжэньской империи Цзинь долгое время оставался без внимания исследователей. Изучение данных памятников позволяет пролить свет на постбохайский период в истории региона. Основным объектом раскопок на городище Кокшаровка-1 стал архитектурный комплекс, расположенный на искусственной земляной платформе в северной части памятника и состоящий из семи зданий с отопительной системой. Подобные сооружения, также возведенные на насыпной платформе, частично были раскопаны и в западной части памятника. Исследования погребального комплекса Кокшаровка-8 показали, что он напрямую связан с населением городища, построившего архитектурный ансамбль на северной платформе. Проведенные на территории городища Кокшаровка-1 геомагнитные исследования, выявившие различные типы планировки, а также полученный в ходе многолетнего изучения археологический материал, позволили установить, что памятник существовал длительное время и захватил как бохайский этап, так и постбохайский. Высказано мнение, что городище Кокшаровка-1 в постбохайское время было крупным административным центром племенного или государственного образования, некогда испытавшего бохайское влияние, и в значительной степени независимого от киданей. Отмечается также, что присутствующие в подъемных сборах обломки черепицы, датируемые XIII–XIV вв. не исключают, что городище могло функционировать и в более позднее время.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ САКРАЛЬНОЙ МИССИИ МАВЗОЛЕЯ ДЖУЧИ-ХАНА
Authors: Усманова Эмма Радиковна , Панюшкина Ирина Петровна , Искандерова Айсулу Джапбарбергеновна
Published: May 2024

Мавзолей Джучи-хана в народной казахской традиции связан с именем старшего сына Чингиз-хана, по легенде похороненного в мавзолее (Казахстан, Улытау). Впервые мавзолей в стиле исламской архитектуры XIV века упоминается под этим именем в XVI веке. Он известен в российских письменных источниках XIX – начало XX вв. Строительство мавзолея имеет два этапа: сооружение основного здания с одинарным куполом и порталом (конец XIII – первая половина XIV вв.); возведение внешнего купола на ребристом «звездчатом» барабане с навершием, покрытых поливной плиткой бирюзово-голубого цвета (конец XIV – начало XV вв.). Генеральная реконструкция мавзолея усилила элементы с исламской символикой. Распространению ислама в степной среде кочевников Улуса Джучи способствовали миссионеры суфийских орденов, особенно ордена Яссавия. В XIV веке по инициативе тимуридов начинает меняться архитектурный облик могил святых суфиев. По всей видимости, мавзолей не имеет отношение к захоронению Джучи-хана, который не был мусульманином. Здесь могли быть похоронены лица, связанные с суфизмом. Память о великом предке продолжает сохраняться в сакральной миссии мавзолея как объекте паломничества.
ОСТАТКИ ДВОРЦА МОНГОЛЬСКОГО ХАНА КЕБЕКА
Authors: Рахматова Дилнавоз Журакобиловна
Published: May 2024

В статье представлены сведения об управленческой деятельности монгольских ханов Кебек-хана и Тармаширина по развитию города Карши, а также об историческом памятнике, построенного Кебек-ханом в центре Каршинской крепости. Сегодня это здание известно местным жителям как мечеть «Одина». Согласно историческим источникам, в начале XIV века это сооружение первоначально было дворцом, построенным одним из монгольских ханов Кебек-ханом, позднее, во времена правления Амира Темура оно перестроена и использовалось как мечеть «Одина», а в более поздние периоды - использовался для многих других целей. А также в статье рассказывается, что топография крепости Карши была исследована на основе исторических источников и изразцов, найденных при реставрационных работах на этой территории, но из-за отсутствия масштабных археологических исследований, прийти к окончательному выводу не удалось.
АЛЕКСЕЙ ПЕТРОВИЧ СМИРНОВ: ШТРИХИ К БИОГРАФИИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ОПИ ГИМ)
Authors: Демирова Наталья Ильинична
Published: May 2024

В статье дана характеристика личного архива видного советского археолога Алексея Петровича Смирнова, специалиста по археологии тюркских и финно-угорских народов Волго-Уралья. Архив ученого хранится в Отделе письменных источников ГИМ. Он поступил в музей в несколько этапов: с 1966 по 2001 г. Научное описание архива было завершено в 1982 г. и с этого времени основная его часть доступна для изучения, однако пока не привлекла должного внимания исследователей. В статье на основе документов, отложившихся в архиве, уточняются некоторые факты биографии ученого. Основное внимание сосредоточено на периоде службы в Государственном историческом музее. Приведены сведения о материалах археологических экспедиций, в которых участвовал А.П. Смирнов (1924–1972 гг.), сохранившихся в его личном архиве.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM WAREHOUSE BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI OCR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI
Authors: Alexander Dean , Pujawan I Nyoman
Published: May 2024

The rapid development of information technology is massive worldwide, racing to create solutions as a form of digital supply chain movement, massive use of information technology is also being carried out in the logistics business world which is part of supply chain activities, requiring accurate and fast information is a very important area to guarantee delivery of goods on time and on target. One important aspect of the logistics process is effective warehouse management. One of the main challenges in effective warehouse management is the process of receiving goods in the warehouse which still causes errors such as writing errors, inaccurate recording of the quantity, type and name of goods received and removed from the warehouse which takes quite a long time to process. There has been a lot of research carried out on data capturing activities with the application of OCR but not much has been found that focuses on managing printed and handwritten physical documents in the warehouse area, and preparation of data bases on websites connected to systematic OCR technology, and there is no analysis of technology investment. OCR regarding cost efficiency. Therefore, to help overcome this problem, this research carried out the design and implementation of a warehouse system based on OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology with the name WareOCR and analyzed it from an investment perspective using the ROI method. From the research results obtained using the OCR creation model using the CNN method, the accuracy of the WareOCR system on test data is 93%, Return on Investment is calculated at 60.38%, in the NPV calculation in year 3 the figure is IDR 112,911,033 where NPV > 0 for the project implementing WareOCR it is acceptable that this investment provides added value of 493% of the total project cost. This research  also  has   research   limitations  in  the  form of  invoice  formats  which  need  to  be standardized so they can be read with the WareOCR tool and the advantages of this research are that they can shorten the working time of the data entry warehouse in inputting information into the database.
Walka informacyjna – wpływ agentury i przykłady metod przeciwdziałań jako strategia budowania odporności społecznej
Authors:   Prywatne Akademickie Centrum Kształcenia w Krakowie, Borodziuk Natalia
Published: May 2024

Developments in technology and the security environment are changing warfare. In the present and in the future, information will become increasingly important. Information is used as a weapon, but also as the purpose for attack. Information is one of the most important elements of the information warfare that the secret services conduct. The purpose of this article is to present the role of information in the modern world, but also to present and characterise information warfare and solutions to this phenomenon, which become adefence against this type of conflict. The article covers the relevance of the information and the problem of the escalation of the information battle. The publication also presents the participation of agent activities in the course of the ongoing information struggle.
Geopolitical and foreign policy concepts of Poland: The search for a projection for today
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Yelova Tetyana
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the concepts of Polish foreign policy that originate from the historically proven Piast and Jagiellonian concepts formulated by the Polish political elite in previous centuries. These were named after the dominant royal dynasties of the Polish state in the Middle Ages – the Piast and Jagiellonian dynasties. The oldest doctrines, which go back to the heyday of the Polish state, serve as models for imitation and are projected by contemporaries onto reality. The Piast concept aims at intensified cooperation with Germany and a parallel passive or even confrontational attitude to relations with Poland’s eastern neighbors. The Jagiellonian, in contrast, focuses on active expansion in the direction of Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Russia; it professes the idea of “conquering the East” and the formation of a multinational state with its center in Warsaw. These two doctrines formed the basis of the foreign policy concepts of the Second and Third Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the 20th and early 21st centuries, the traditions of the implementation of Poland’s policy towards Ukrainians, formed in previous centuries, were consolidated and supplemented with a new vision. They were adapted to new geopolitical realities and acquired new features of manifestation.
Ukraińscy uchodźcy wojenni na niemieckim rynku pracy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, Świder Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

The Federal Republic of Germany, next to Poland, accepted the largest number of war refugees from Ukraine (over 1 million people), granting them easier access to awide range of social benefits equal to those available to people permanently residing in Germany. The aim of this policy encompasses the integration of refugees into German society and within the German labour market. It stems from the declarations of asignificant number of refugees to remain in Germany forever (approx. 27% of all refugees) or longer (12% may stay for several years), as well as Germany’s need for skilled labour. The relatively low age of refugees, their gender structure – predominance of young women, and education – 70 percent have university degrees, as well as the declared high readiness to work, may be an opportunity for the German labour market to compensate for the permanent shortages in its ageing society. The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs assumes that in the years 2022-2026 alone, Germany will be in need of 240,000 workers able to handle high-skill jobs. To overcome the threat of losing prosperity and to maintain its potential, the German economy has been using labour forces of immigrants for years. This is why the inflow of alarge number of people in their productive age may be an opportunity for the German labour market, but only if these people are professionally active to a larger extent. This is also important for public opinion, critically observing the German government’s migration policy for years.
The comparative analysis of the economic availability of antihypertensives from the group of beta-blockers in Ukraine
Authors: Malanchuk N. V. , Demchuk M. B. , Pokotylo O. O. , Tyzhai A. B.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To conduct comparative studies of the economic availability of beta-adrenergic blocking agents at the domestic pharmaceutical market.
Materials and methods. Systematic, comparative, graphic, statistical and marketing research methods were used. The analysis of economic availability of medicines of beta-adrenergic receptor group (ATC code C07) registered in Ukraine in 2022-2024 was performed based on the results of calculation of the average retail price chain index (Ig), the indicator of solvency adequacy (Ca.s.) and the affordability index (D).
Results. The highest value of the average retail price chain index for January 2022/2023 and January 2023/2024 for medicines of C07 group of ATC was calculated for carvedilol, atenolol and combinations of atenolol with other diuretics. A slight decrease in the Ig index was recorded for nebivolol, bisoprolol, betaxolol and sotalol. The high Ca.s. index of bisoprolol, carvedilol, atenolol and metoprolol was due to the fact that there were 53 trade names in the Register of Medicines reimbursed under the terms of the “Affordable Medicines” government program. The calculated values of the D index for the drugs studied were greater than one. It is considered acceptable for consumers and determines high economic availability. However, the dynamics of a decrease in the overall affordability index in 2023-2024 compared to 2022-2023 indicates that the growth rate of drug prices exceeded the growth rate of wages.
Conclusions. The general trend towards a uniform increase in prices of β-blockers at the domestic pharmaceutical market has been studied. Taking into account the indicator of solvency adequacy and the affordability index, the analysis of the economic availability of the group of medicines studied makes it possible to determine the dynamics of a gradual improvement in the availability of medicines for the population, including due to the successful implementation of the government program for reimbursement of the cost of medicines by budget funds.
In Silico Characterization of a Novel Bioactive Compound derived from Psidium guajava 4-[5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine: A Potential Inhibitor for Targeting Signaling Proteins involved in Diabetes Development
Authors: Yadav Maya , YADAV RAJ KUMAR SINGH
Published: May 2024

Pharmacological interventions for diabetes predominantly involve chemically synthesized compounds, often causing undesirable side effects. This has led to a growing interest in plant-based therapeutic alternatives. Technological advancements have facilitated the discovery of bioactive phytochemicals with medicinal properties. This study employs molecular docking analysis to assess the anti-diabetic potential of a naturally derived compound, 4-[5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine (POA), obtained from Psidium guajava leaf extract. The evaluation focuses on its inhibitory action against four human proteins 11 β -HSD1 (PDB: 4K1L), GFAT (PDB ID: 2ZJ4), SIRT6 (PDB ID: 3K35) and Aldose reductase (PDB ID: 3G5E) associated with diabetes. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and ADMET profiles were computed using online web servers Molinspiration, ADMETLAB 2.0, and SWISSADME. POA demonstrated superior binding affinity (in Kcal/mol) -8.0, -7.5, -8.9  and -9.5, respectively) compared to the widely used diabetic drug Metformin -5.4, -6.0, -5.4 and -7.2 with these receptor proteins. Based on molecular docking studies and pharmacokinetics/ADMET profiles, POA may act as a multi-targeted, less harmful, and more efficacious medication for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) compared to Metformin.
ثيَرفورمانسا نواندنيَ د شانوَطةرييَن مونودرامايى دا
Authors: Taha Naby Fekhradeen , Muhammad Faisal Munqidh
Published: May 2024

مونودراما هونەرەكە ژ هونەرێن درامی و جورەكە ژ جورێن شانۆیا ئەزمونگەری، ئەوا د ماوێ‌ چەرخێ‌ بیستێ دا هاتیە پێش ئێخستن و بەرهەڤبوون كو ژ ئێك كەسیەتی پێك دهێت ئەو ژی ب رێكا ڤەگێرانێ بۆ گرێدانا رویدانەكێ‌، ژ لایەكێ‌ دیڤە ب یتنا گەلەك كەسان شانۆگەریەكا تمامە ل سەر ئێك ئەكتەری دمینیت، چ ئێك رول هەبیت یان چەندین رولا بكەت ب بێدەنگی بیت یان دیالوگ هەبیت، بەلێ‌ ئەڤ  جورە كارە ل سەر شیان و گونجاندنا هونەرمەندی رادوەستیت ب تایبەت شیانێن ئەكتەری چ كور یان كچ بیت ل سەر دەپێ شانۆیێ‌، بۆ هندێ‌ داكو حەژێكرن و دلینیا بینەری ب دەست خۆڤە بینیت، هونەرێ‌ مونودرامایێ‌ پتر فوكسا ئەوی ل سەر نەخوشیێن تاكەكەسی و هەلچونێ و دەروونێ‌ مروڤینە، ئەڤە ل سەر دەپێ‌ شانۆیێ‌ د هێنە نمایشكرن و هونەرمەندێ‌ شانۆكار بابەتی ژ ژیانێ‌ وەردگریت، ل دوماهیكا كارێ‌ خۆ ئەوان نەخوشیێن تاكەكەسی ل سەر دەپێ‌ شانۆیێ‌ نمایش دكەت و ل رزگاركرنێ‌ دگەریت، ژ گرنگترین سیمایێن ئەڤی جورێ‌ شانۆیێ‌ داكوكیكرن  ل سەر تاكەكەسی بوو، هەر ل دەستپێكا هەبوونا ئێك ئەكتەری ل سەر دەپێ‌ شانۆیێ‌ بەرهنگاریا بینەری دكەت، هەتا بینەری رازی بكەت ژ ئەوا ئەكتەر پێشكێش دكەت. هەروەسا ئەكتەری هزر دكر ئەو ب تنێ‌ و تاكەكەس و ناخێ‌ ئەوی یێ‌ ل سەر دەپێ‌ شانۆیێ‌ راوەستیایە، هەمی تشت ژ لایێ‌ ئێك ئەكتەریڤە دهاتنە ئەنجامدان، لەورا دڤیابا داكوكیا ئەكتەری پتر ل سەر رویدانێ با، زێدەباری هەڤركیا نافخویی ژ گرنگترین سیمایێن مونودرامایێ‌ یە، چونكی پێشڤەچوونا رویدانێ‌ ب رێكا ئێك كەسی هەولدانا ب رێكا دەروونێ‌ خۆ د كەت، ئەڤجا ئەو هەڤركیا ناڤخویی ل گەل  ئەوێ‌ ناكوكیا د كارێ‌ هەڤپشكدا ل گەل كومەكا كاری ئەكتەران پێرفورمانس دكەت، ل ڤێرێ‌ مونودراما وەل هونەرمەندی دكەت كو گرنگیێ ب رزگاربونا تاكەكەسی پتر ژ رزگاكرنا كومێ‌ بدەت.
الاقتصاد العراقي بين الظاهرة الريعية وضرورات التنويع
Authors: Khalil Idan Imad
Published: May 2024

يلعب القطاع النفطي وبالتالي الايرادات النفطية دور أساسي في الاقتصاد العراقي ، فهي تسهم بنحو 70% من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي ونحو 94% من موارد الموازنة العامة و98% من قيمة الصادرات ونظرة بسيطة لتلك النسب تبين أن هذا الاقتصاد  يعاني من الهيمنة  الريعية أو الاحادية الاقتصادية بسبب الاعتماد شبه الكامل على هذا النفط في تسيير بقية النشاطات الاقتصادية الاخرى ، يقابلها الاهمال الكبير والتهميش المستمر لدور القطاعات الاخرى ( الزراعي ، الصناعي ، الخدمي ) الامر الذي أدى بمرور الوقت الى أستفحال هذه الظاهرة مسببة أختلالات مزمنة يعاني منها الاقتصاد العراقي ، الامر الذي دفع بأتجاه البحث عن أستراتيجيات أو سينوريهات تستند الى تخطيط علمي واضح يؤدي بدوره الى تعظيم الطاقات الانتاجية لمختلف القطاعات الاقتصادية لتساهم في التخفيف والحد من الهيمنة الريعية .  وقد أعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للتوصل الى جملة من الاستنتاجات كما أختتم البحث ببعض المقترحات التي يأمل أن تأخذ طريقها الى أصحاب القراروالادارات الحكومية  من أجل الحد من هذه الظاهرة بأتجاه تطبيق آليات التنويع .
Kendali Navigasi Senjata Water Gel Blaster Laras Panjang Berbasis Mini PC
Authors: Wira Clara Jaka , Ferdian Rian
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem kendali navigasi senjata ayang akan dikontrol melalui webserver yang terhubung ke alat didalam satu jaringan yang sama, dengan adanya perkembangan dari hiburan video game First Person Shooter dan juga senjata untuk dapat meneliti dalam perkembangan senjata. Jadi dari hal tersebut, penulis ingin membuat sistem yang dapat menambah pengaplikasian dari perkembangan tersebut. menggunakan Single Board Computer yang akan terkoneksi antar komponen mulai dari Motor Stepper, Motor Servo, Camera dan Sensor Kompas. alat akan bekerja dengan sistem kontrol remote control untuk menggerakan alat mengarah vertikal danhorizonta
PERANCANGAN SISTEM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR TURBIDITY DAN SENSOR PH BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Authors: Akbar Fauzi , Erlina Tati , Hadelina Rizka
Published: May 2024

Air bersih merupakan kebutuhan pokok dalam kehidupan manusia sehari-hari, Akan tetapi tidak semua orang dapat mendapatkan air bersih. Di Indonesia masih banyak terdapat daerah yang kesulitan mendapatkan air bersih. Menurut [1], terdapat sekitar 6% luas daerah di Indonesia yang mengalami krisis air bersih pada tahun 2000, dimana jumlah ini diprediksi akan terus meningkat menjadi 9,6% di tahun 2045. Berdasarkan data ini setidaknya terdapat peningkatan daerah kritis air bersih sebanyak 0,08% setiap tahunnya. syarat agar air memenuhi standar baku mutu kesehatan adalah  memiliki tingkat kekeruhan dengan nilai skala kekeruhan maksimal 25 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) serta tingkat pH air berada pada angka 6,5-8,5. Karena hal tersebut diperlukan sistem yang dapat menjernihkan air secara otomatis dengan memberikan tawas sesuai dengan takaran yang tepat, dan juga user dapat mendapatkan notifikasi terkait kondisi air pada jarak jauh. Pada sistem untuk meningkatkan kualitas air ini maka sensor turbidity akan digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kekeruhan yang dimiliki air dan sensor pH akan digunakan unutk mengukur tingkat pH dari air. Berdasarkan hasil dari kedua sensor ini cairan tawas akan diberikan untuk menjernihkan air dan cairan pH up/pH down diberikan untuk mengatur tingkatan pH air agar sesuai dengan standar baku kesehatan.
Análisis del discurso: Lectura y análisis de textos
Authors: Charaudeau Patrick
Published: May 2024

Resumen
حسين علي الداقوقي ومنهجه في كتابة التاريخ
Authors: عبد الكريم منار عبد المجيد
Published: May 2024

هناك العديد من المؤرخين الافذاذ لم يسلط الضوء الكافي عليهم لان كرامتهم العلمية كانت تأبى عليهم  ان يتسابقوا وراء وسائل الاعلام فظلوا، يعملون بصمت من دون ان يثيروا الضجة حولهم، تاركين حكم التاريخ والقارئ على ما تركوه لنا من تراث عريق. ويأتي في مقدمة هؤلاء الاستاذ الدكتور حسين علي الداقوقي الذي يعد احد اعلام التربية في العراق. فضلاً عن، انه مؤرخ متميز، ومتعدد المواهب فقد اتحفنا بمؤلفات وبحوث تاريخية وتربوية رصينة لما تضمنته من تحليلات واستنتاجات موضوعية وعلمية وحيادية.
الريادة الاستراتيجية لدى مدراء المدارس الابتدائية
Authors: إسماعيل عماد محمد , منوخ صباح مرشود
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة الريادة الاستراتيجية لدى مدراء المدارس الابتدائية في اقسام مديرية تربية صلاح الدين ، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث الاستبانة كأداة أساسية لجمع البيانات حيث تم تطبيق المقاييس على عينة البحث والبالغ عددها (300) مدير ومديرة من مجموع مجتمع البحث البالغ (1353) وبنسبة (22%) من مجموع مجتمع البحث وتم اختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العشوائية ، واستهدف البحث الحالي معرفة :

مستوى الريادة الاستراتيجية لدى مدراء المدارس الابتدائية
مستوى الريادة الاستراتيجية لدى مدراء المدارس الابتدائية حسب متغير الجنس (ذكور – اناث)
مستوى الريادة الاستراتيجية لدى مدراء المدارس الابتدائية حسب متغير الخدمة (1 – 10) سنوات، و (10- فما فوق)

وقد فسر الباحث هذه النتائج بناء الى الاطار النظري ونتائج الدراسات السابقة، وفي ضوء النتائج التي توصل اليها في البحث الحالي: وخرج الباحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات منها:  إجراء دراسات مماثلة للبحث على شرائح اجتماعية أخرى وربطها بمتغيرات أخرى مثل ، الميزة التنافسية ، والصلابة النفسية
Using of 5E Model in Teaching Reading Comprehension for Preparatory School Students
Authors: Jumaa Mohammed Salih , Ismail Najwa Yaseen
Published: May 2024

Bybee (1997) defines 5E instructional model as an approach that allows students redefine,)reorganize, elaborate, and change their initial concepts through self-reflection and interaction with their peers and their environment. The 5 E's Instructional Model Origin is one of the most practical recommended models in the application of constructivist learning theory. It is built around a structured sequence and designed as a tangible and practical way for teachers to implement the constructivist theory. In other words, the model is based on constructivism which confirms that learners build or construct new ideas on top of their old ones. The origin of the model refers to 1980s when Biological Science Curriculum Study (BSCS) Team, whose leader was Rodger Bybee designed a model based on constructivist thinking. They named the model the 5E's to represent all the stages and their numbers. The 5E instructional model is predicated on inquiry based learning. In this model, instructors must work with their students, who will feel more motivated to learn when they feel supported by their instructors to generate thought-provoking questions and create hypotheses. The instructional model also promotes rational discussions as well as collaborative problem solving, which ultimately lead to understanding (Gillies etal, 2012).
Effects of ethanol addition to diesel–biodiesel blends on the CI engine characteristics
Authors: Hamdi Fakher , Yahya Ilham , Gassoumi Mehrez , Boutar Zouhaier , Raja Ahsan Shah Raja Mazuir , Al Qubeissi Mansour , Ennetta Ridha , Soyhan Hakan Serhad
Published: May 2024

This research work investigates the effects of adding ethanol to biodiesel–diesel blends on the performance and emissions of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled compression-ignition engine. The engine was half-loaded within a speed range of 1000–2500 rpm. Four different fuel blends are considered: B0 (no biodiesel or ethanol), B10 (10% biodiesel), B10E2.5 (10% biodiesel with 2.5% ethanol), and B10E5 (10% biodiesel with 5% ethanol). The findings show that adding biodiesel slightly affects the engine power at low and medium speeds but increases power by approximately 6% at high speeds. Ethanol addition has a more significant impact, with an increase in engine power of 16% at 1700 rpm and 13% at 2500 rpm for 2.5% and 5% ethanol blends, respectively. All blends show an increase in brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) compared to B0, with the maximum enhancement observed in B10 with an average increase of 13% across all speeds. Specific fuel consumption is reduced with both biodiesel and ethanol addition, with a slight advantage for biodiesel, particularly at low and medium speeds. Thermal efficiency shows a reverse behaviour, with a small negative impact of ethanol addition. Biodiesel addition significantly increases carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, reaching an average of 190% across all speeds. However, adding ethanol helps mitigate this increase, especially at low and medium speeds, with an average decrease of 32% for a 2.5% ethanol blend compared to B0. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are reduced with biodiesel addition and further reduced with ethanol addition. Overall, CO2 and NOx emissions are reduced with both biodiesel and ethanol addition.
VALUE EDUCATION IN LAW SCHOOL CURRICULUM : CULTIVATING MORAL AUTONOMY
Authors: Žiha Nikol
Published: May 2024

According to the EU Justice Scoreboard reports, over 70% of Croatian citizens are dissatisfied with the Croatian judiciary, particularly its independence and efficiency. This paper addresses the deep-rooted challenges in the country’s legal education system. Despite reform initiatives, the current system serially produces ‘legal technicians’ lacking values, critical thinking capacity, and active student engagement. This echoes Montesquieu’s depiction of legal practitioners as ‘mouths that pronounce the words of the law.’ Acknowledging the pivotal role of legal education methodology in the creation of future legal practitioners and legal culture, this contribution explores how an average regular educator can support the development of students’ moral reasoning and values awareness. Through predominantly analytical research methods, we critically examine whether higher education environments should incorporate value education, the feasibility of teaching values in the traditional sense, and the potential of ethical analysis in a classroom to truly influence ethical behaviour in practice. Furthermore, we explore the complex matter of authority to decide on values to be imparted and delve into value education methodology. Concluding with practical suggestions, we propose the integration of the Evocation-Realization of meaning-Reflection (ERR) framework into lectures, as well as various creative tools to enhance moral reasoning.
KONCEPT I PRAVNA PRIRODA PLODOUŽIVANJA U RIMSKOJ PRAVNOJ TRADICIJI
Authors: Hebib Mirza
Published: May 2024

The concept of usufruct as an independent right, ius in re aliena, was not questioned in Justinian’s sources, while on the other hand, its systematisation, development, and legal nature in analyses of classical law were the subject of serious debates among Romance experts, mainly in Italian Romance studies from the beginning of the 20th century. Some experts in Romance studies understood usufruct as pars dominii, i.e. part of the property right that the owner retains for himself, thereby denying him the position of a special right. Such a concept originates from the glossator and post-glossator schools and, the paper analyses strong reflections of their teaching on contemporary legal doctrine. The paper deals with the concept and definition of usufruct and conducts analysis into the legal sources and reasons that led to differences in the understanding of the legal nature of the institute in the Roman legal tradition.
Predicting Coronary Artery Disease with Carotid Intima-media Thickness: Does Gender Matter
Authors: Satpathy Chhabi , Mishra Trinath Kumar , Jha Anshu Kumar
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) worldwide. The gold standard for diagnosing CAD is by doing coronary angiography but this is an invasive procedure. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a non-invasive procedure which is suggested to correlate with CAD.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study of 87 subjects who underwent angiography and carotid ultrasound for CIMT. They were divided into male and female groups with or without angiographically proven CAD. Correlations were made between the CIMT and presence of CAD and between CIMT and severity of CAD. The presence of plaque and its association with CAD was also studied.

Results:

Mean value of CIMT was 0.865 mm and plaque was present in 30% of the cases. In males, the severity of CAD has association with CIMT but this was not found in female gender. CIMT does not correlate with the presence or absence of CAD in either gender but the values of CIMT correlate well with the severity of CAD. This means that, higher the CIMT value more the number of vessels affected on angiography and the value with best sensitivity and specificity (from this study) was 0.88 mm. However, this correlation of CIMT with severity of CAD was restricted to male gender as findings were insignificant for females. Furthermore, the presence, morphology, or echogenicity of plaque does not correlate with severity of CAD in either gender.

Conclusion:

Predicting CAD from CIMT value is still inconclusive and requires further studies to look for correlations.
Clinical Transplant Kidney Function Loss Due to Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: Kise Tomoo , Uehara Masatsugu
Published: May 2024

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a clinical syndrome involving gastrointestinal symptoms caused by the presence of excessive bacteria in the small intestine. SIBO often leads to diarrhea and poses diagnostic and treatment challenges. Here, we report about a renal transplant recipient who experienced diarrhea-induced hypovolemic shock due to SIBO, necessitating the reintroduction of dialysis, and aim to provide insights to aid health-care providers in diagnosing and managing severe diarrhea in this specific patient group. A 14-year-old boy, who had undergone renal transplantation at the age of 2 years, experienced severe, recurring diarrhea leading to hypovolemic shock. The patient underwent volume loading and continuous hemodiafiltration. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings suggested Whipple’s disease. Antibiotics were initiated; however, the diarrhea did not improve. Examinations for infectious enteritis and food allergies yielded negative results. The diarrhea improved with rifaximin (RFX), but recurred repeatedly after its discontinuation. Antibiotic rotation, wherein RFX, amoxicillin hydrate and potassium clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, and RFX were administered in this order for 4 weeks each, improved the diarrhea. A lactulose breath test performed immediately before the second RFX course yielded negative results. The patient’s condition was diagnosed as SIBO based on the clinical course, although the diagnostic criteria were not met. SIBO should be considered in cases of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with transplanted kidneys. Antibiotic rotation should be considered for SIBO treatment in immunosuppressed patients.
A NEW METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF A LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY IN THE INSURANCE SERVICES MARKET
Authors: Shіrіnyan Lada
Published: May 2024

The competition among service providers in the life insurance market is defined by market positioning and the relative standing of insurance companies. In Ukraine, the «Law on the Protection of Economic Competition» sets forth rules that dictate the behavior of market participants, evaluating market share with a primary focus on a singular indicator and criterion for monopolization. This highlights the urgent need for a methodology to assess the competitive positions of life insurers that facilitates a comprehensive comparison of their market coverage and performance. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel methodology for evaluating the competitive position of life insurers in the market. This methodology will integrate various indicators, including market coverage, territorial expansion, scope of activity, and performance criteria, to offer a thorough assessment of an insurer’s competitive standing. A new approach for assessing the competitive positions of life insurers has been formulated, relying on five key indicators of market coverage. It introduces an aggregated indicator of a life insurer’s market position, enabling effective comparisons and rankings among insurers. Factors such as high premiums, a substantial number of life contracts, profitability, and administrative costs are identified as determinants of a strong competitive position in the market. This innovative methodology was applied to a sample of life insurers in the Ukrainian market, demonstrating its practical utility and effectiveness.
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN THE NEW ECONOMY
Authors: Kucherivska Sofiia
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to researching the competition of insurance companies, determining their competitive advantages in the conditions of the expansion of the spectrum of financial services thanks to FinTech, InsurTech, and general digitalization of business processes. The essence of competition and its importance for the main participants of the insurance market: insurers, policyholders, and the state are revealed. The main factors determining the competition of insurers are the specificity of insurance as a financial service, a high level of state regulation, the complexity of insurance operations and processes, high dependence on the insurance literacy of the population; competition from other financial structures related to the financial needs of legal entities and individuals, etc. Attention is focused on the interdependence of the main characteristics of the insurance company’s activity, which determine its successful and long-term functioning: innovations, quality of services, customer orientation, solvency, financial stability, etc. In addition, they are important for consumers of insurance services when choosing an insurer. Insurance companies, developing their strengths and successfully using external opportunities, can accumulate significant advantages over competitors in management, finance, assortment, innovation, and marketing spheres of activity. These can be both traditional strategies and new ones caused by technological changes and global challenges based on digital technologies. Modern strategies of using information technologies and their successful combination with the insurance processes of some insurers are considered. The main value created by an insurance company is the ability to compensate for losses received in the event of an insured event. Accordingly, digital interaction with the client, fast and high-quality processing of claims, establishing the size of losses and the causes of risk have become a competitive advantage for many insurers nowadays. At the same time, insurance company managers should consider information security, data collection and analysis measures, readiness of staff and customers for innovations.