bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The significance of isolated de novo red patches in the bladder in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer: Results from the IDENTIFY study
Authors: Khadhouri Sinan , Gallagher Kevin , MacKenzie Kenneth R. , Shah Taimur T. , Gao Chuanyu , Zimmermann Eleanor , Mannas Miles , Lee Taeweon , Marra Giancarlo , Gomez Rivas Juan , Marcq Gautier , Assmus Mark A. , Ucar Taha , Claps Francesco , Boltri Matteo , Pizzuto Giuseppe , Burnhope Tara , Nkwam Nkwam , Tanasescu George , Boxall Nicholas E. , Downey Alison P. , Sukhu Troy A. , Antón‐Juanilla Marta , Rai Sonpreet , Moore Madeline , Bandeira de Mello Kathryn , Parsons Sian , McGrath John S. , Kasivisvanathan Veeru ,   IDENTIFY Study Group: Pubmed indexed collaborator authors
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To assess the contemporary malignancy rate in isolated de novo red patches in the bladder and associated risk factors for better selection of red patch biopsy.

Patients

Patients from the IDENTIFY dataset; Patients referred to secondary care with suspected urinary tract cancer and found to have isolated de novo red patches on cystoscopy.

Methods

We reported the unadjusted cancer prevalence in isolated de novo red patches that were biopsied; multivariable logistic regression was used to explore cancer‐associated risk factors including age, sex, smoking, type of haematuria, LUTS, UTIs and a suspicious‐looking red patch (as reported by the cystoscopist). Sub‐analysis of these by clinical role and experience was performed.

Results

A total of 1110 patients with isolated de novo red patches were included. 41.5% (n = 461) were biopsied, with a malignancy rate of 12.8% (59/461), which was significantly higher in suspicious versus non‐suspicious red patches (19.1% vs. 2.81%, p < 0.01). There was a significant association between bladder cancer and age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07, p = 0.01), smoking history (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.09–6.27, p = 0.03) and suspicious‐looking patch (OR 6.50, 95% CI 2.47–17.1, p < 0.01). The majority of malignancies were in over 60‐year‐olds. Malignancy rates in suspicious versus non‐suspicious red patches did not differ significantly between clinical roles or experiences.

Limitations included subjectivity in classifying a suspicious patch and selection bias as not all patches were biopsied.

Conclusions

Many patients still undergo unnecessary biopsies under general anaesthetic for isolated de novo red patches. Clinicians should consider the patient's age, smoking status and how suspicious‐looking the patch is, before deciding on surveillance versus biopsy to improve cancer diagnostic yield.
Developmental Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in F344 Rats: Effects on Pregnancy Maintenance and Eye Development
Authors: Narotsky Michael G. , Fuentes Leslie S. , Ola Oluwabusola , Willoughby TaCriasha L. , Lucas Katherine
Published: January 2025

Background

Epidemiological studies report associations of drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with adverse health outcomes, including birth defects. Here, we used a rat model susceptible to pregnancy loss (full‐litter resorption; FLR) and eye malformations (anophthalmia, microphthalmia) to test 11 DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids (HAAs), and nitrogen‐containing DBPs (N‐DBPs).

Methods

Timed‐pregnant F344 rats received gavage doses of chloroform, chlorodibromomethane, iodoform, chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid (DBA), diiodoacetic acid (DIA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dibromonitromethane, and iodoacetonitrile on gestation days (GD) 6–10. Bromonitromethane and TCA were administered via drinking water on GD 6–11. Litters were examined on postnatal days 1 and 6.

Results

All trihalomethanes tested caused FLR. The di‐ and tri‐halogenated HAAs, but not the mono‐HAAs, caused eye malformations. N‐DBPs caused neither effect at the dosages tested. TCA by gavage caused both FLR and eye defects, whereas drinking water exposure only caused eye defects. Potency rankings for causing FLR were chloroform ≥ iodoform > chlorodibromomethane and the rankings for causing eye defects were DIA > TCA = DBA.

Conclusion

We confirmed that trihalomethanes caused pregnancy loss and that di‐ and tri‐HAAs were teratogenic. The N‐DBPs induced neither effect. Potency rankings were inconsistent with rankings seen in vitro.
An Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Detection of Methyl Parathion With a Novel Probe Ru‐MIL‐100 via the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Coupled With the Reaction Between HAc and Triethylamine
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Chen Yafei , Ling Jun , Li Jianping
Published: January 2025

It is of great significance to develop sensors for trace pesticide residues detection in food. Herein, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor with high sensitivity for the detection of methyl parathion (MP) was constructed by combining of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme‐inhibited reaction with tris‐2,2′‐bipyridyl ruthenium Ru(bpy)32+‐triethylamine (TEA) system for the first time. A new ECL probe of MIL‐100 loaded with Ru(bpy)32+(Ru‐MIL‐100) was synthesized, and then Ru‐MIL‐100 and AChE were immobilized on the electrode with Nafion. Triethylamine was used as a coreactant to form a Ru‐MIL‐100–TEA luminescence system. The hydrolysis of iodinated acetylthiocholine by AChE to generate acetic acid that consumes TEA, leading to the quenching of ECL of the Ru‐MIL‐100–TEA system. But MP can inhibit the activity of AChE, which leads to the decrease of the generated acetic acid and the enhancement of ECL. With the increase of the MP concentration, the ECL intensity increases. Due to the high catalytic activity of the AChE and the excellent ECL luminescence performance of the Ru‐MIL‐100 probe, the sensor is highly sensitive. The detection concentration range of MP was 1.0 × 10−12–1.0 × 10−9 mol/L, and the detection limit was 2.07 × 10−13 mol/L. The biosensor was applied to the determination of MP in vegetable samples.
The Effect of Accessibility of Insoluble Substrate on the Overall Kinetics of Enzymatic Degradation
Authors: Petrášek Zdeněk , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: January 2025

The enzymatic reaction kinetics on cellulose and other solid substrates is limited by the access of the enzyme to the reactive substrate sites. We introduce a general model in which the reaction rate is determined by the active surface area, and the resulting kinetics consequently reflects the evolving relationship between the exposed substrate surface and the remaining substrate volume. Two factors influencing the overall surface‐to‐volume ratio are considered: the shape of the substrate particles, characterized by a single numerical parameter related to its dimensionality, and the distribution of the particle sizes. The model is formulated in a form of simple analytical equations, enabling fast and efficient application to experimental data, and facilitating its incorporation into more detailed and complex models. The application of the introduced formalism exploring its potential to account for the observed reaction rate is demonstrated on two examples: the derivation of particle size distribution from experimentally determined reaction kinetics, and the prediction of reaction slowdown from experimental particle size distribution.
Bridging Competitive Advantage and Sustainable Development: The Moderating Role of Value Creation for Stakeholders in Ethiopian SMEs
Authors: Tolossa Abebe Techan , Singh Manjit , Gautam Raj Kumar
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of sustainable development has become a crucial priority for businesses globally. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which form the backbone of many economies, are essential in driving this agenda. However, the challenge of balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship and social responsibility is particularly pronounced for SMEs in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study explores the complex interplay between competitive advantage, sustainable development, and the moderating role of value creation for stakeholders in Ethiopian SMEs. By investigating how SMEs can generate value for various stakeholders while simultaneously strengthening their competitive edge and promoting sustainable development, the research seeks to provide strategic insights for long‐term success. Utilizing a mixed‐methods approach, data were gathered from 387 SME employees in the Oromia Regional State via a self‐administered Likert‐scale questionnaire. The analysis, conducted through structural equation modeling, indicates that competitive advantage positively affects sustainable development. Additionally, the study highlights that value creation for stakeholders significantly moderates this relationship, amplifying the positive influence of competitive advantage on sustainable development. These findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing stakeholder engagement in fostering sustainable business practices. The research contributes to understanding SME sustainability by offering actionable recommendations for policymakers, industry leaders, and academics committed to building competitive and sustainable SMEs in Ethiopia.
Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicle vascularization bioactivity and production yield are responsive to cell culture substrate stiffness
Authors: Powsner Emily H. , Kronstadt Stephanie M. , Nikolov Kristin , Aranda Amaya , Jay Steven M.
Published: January 2025

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) are an attractive therapeutic option for regenerative medicine applications due to their inherently pro‐angiogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, reproducible and cost‐effective production of highly potent therapeutic MSC EVs is challenging, limiting their translational potential. Here, we investigated whether the well‐characterized responsiveness of MSCs to their mechanical environment—specifically, substrate stiffness—could be exploited to generate EVs with increased therapeutic bioactivity without the need for biochemical priming or genetic manipulation. Using polydimethylsiloxane and bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs), we show that decreasing the stiffness of MSC substrates to as low as 3 kPa significantly improves the pro‐angiogenic bioactivity of EVs as measured by tube formation and gap closure assays. We also demonstrate that lower substrate stiffness improves EV production and overall yield, important for clinical translation. Furthermore, we establish the mechanoresponsiveness of induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived MSC (iMSC) EVs and their comparability to BM‐MSC EVs, again using tube formation and gap closure assays. With this data, we confirm iMSCs' feasibility as an alternative, renewable cell source for EV production with reduced donor variability. Overall, these results suggest that utilizing substrate stiffness is a promising, simple, and a potentially scalable approach that does not require exogenous cargo or extraneous reagents to generate highly potent pro‐angiogenic MSC EVs.
Frequency of Missing TNM Stage Data for Adults With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities in a Provincial Cancer Registry—A Brief Report
Authors: Biggs Kelly , Ouellette‐Kuntz Helene , Griffiths Rebecca , Hansford Rebecca , Hallet Julie , Kelly Christine , Decker Kathleen , Dawe David E. , Shooshtari Shahin , Brownell Marni , Turner Donna , Cobigo Virginie , Mahar Alyson
Published: January 2025

Background

Adults with intellectual or developmental disability (IDD) are at higher risk for incomplete cancer staging.

Aim

To compare unknown stage data between those with and without IDD.

Materials and Methods

We used the Ontario Cancer Registry linked to administrative health data between 2007 and 2019.

Results

Adults with IDD diagnosed with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer were 1.94 (95% CI 1.52–2.47), 1.90 (95% CI 1.63–2.21), and 2.17 (95% CI 1.86–2.54) times more likely to have unknown cancer stage at diagnosis, relative to those without IDD.

Discussion

The absence of stage data has person‐level and population‐level implications. At the individual level, if stage data are not simply missing from the registry but reflect incomplete or absent diagnostic or staging procedures, this may represent barriers for adults with IDD in receiving curative treatment. At the population level, research using inaccurate or incomplete stage data may lead to unrepresentative health and social system policy decisions.

Conclusion

A better understanding of the cancer diagnostic interval for adults with IDD is needed to develop interventions.
The Effect of Parental Education on Children's Digital Device Usage and Sleep Patterns: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Bulduk Mehmet , Güdücü Tüfekci Fatma
Published: January 2025

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of education given to parents with children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years on children's digital device use time and sleep status.

Methods

The study was conducted as a randomised controlled trial and was carried out in a Family Health Centre in Turkey between July 2020 and April 2021. The population consisted of parents (N = 166) who met the inclusion criteria. No sampling method was used and the entire population was studied. Parents were given education on the use of digital devices for their children. Data were obtained with a personal information form, digital device use form and child sleep form. The data were analysed with SPSS V23. Ethical principles were followed.

Results

While the majority of the children in the experimental group watched TV for 60 min or more in the pretest, this rate decreased significantly in the posttest (p < 0.001), and in the comparison between the groups, it was found that the TV watching duration of the children in the posttest showed a significant difference in favour of the experimental group (p < 0.001). A significant difference was found in favour of the experimental group in terms of the effects of digital devices on children's sleep (p < 0.001). A significant difference was found in favour of the experimental group in terms of children's sleep time (p < 0.001), time to fall asleep (p < 0.001), night‐time (p < 0.05) and daytime sleep characteristics (p < 0.05) and total daily sleep duration (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The education provided to the parents about the negative effects of digital device use on children's sleep status met the need for information; thus, it was effective in the formation of positive knowledge and views. Routine implementation of educational programmes for parents about children's use of digital devices may provide good results for healthy generations.
Therapeutic Efficacy Studies on the Monoterpenoid Hinokitiol in the Treatment of Different Types of Cancer
Authors: Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chowdhury Raihan , Afroz Meher , Akbor Md. Showkot , Al Hasan Md. Sakib , Ferdous Jannatul , Hasan Rubel , de Alencar Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Islam Muhammad Torequl
Published: January 2025

Hinokitiol (HK), a monoterpenoid that naturally occurs in plants belonging to the Cupressaceae family, possesses important biological activities, including an anticancer effect. This review summarizes its anticancer potential and draws possible molecular interventions. In addition, it evaluates the biopharmaceutical, toxicological properties, and clinical application of HK to establish its viability for future advancement as a dependable anticancer medication. The assessment is based on the most recent information available from various databases. Findings demonstrate that HK possesses substantial therapeutic advantages against diverse types of cancer (colon, cervical, breast, bone, endometrial, liver, prostate, oral, and skin) through various molecular mechanisms. HK induces oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell‐cycle arrest at the G and S phases, and autophagy through modulation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p38/ERK/MAPK, nuclear factor kappa B, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase signaling pathways. Furthermore, this compound exhibits good oral bioavailability with excellent plasma clearance. Clinical uses of HK demonstrate therapeutic advantages without any significant negative effects. A thorough study of the pertinent data suggests that HK may serve as a viable candidate for developing novel cancer therapies. Consequently, more extensive studies are necessary to evaluate its cancer treatment efficacy, safety, and possible long‐term hazards.
Phytochemical Profiling by UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS, In Vitro Antioxidant, In Vivo Antidiabetic, and Pro‐Sexual Effects of Salvia balansae Noë Ex Coss. Flower Extract in Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Souidi Wadjila S. , Belhocine Mansouria , Bouzouina Mohamed , Yilmaz Mustafa A. , Feknous Ines , Cakir Oguz , Tarhan Abbas , Sitayeb Tayeb , Dahou Abdelkader E.
Published: January 2025

Our study assessed the phytochemical composition and the effects of Salvia balansae flower aqueous extract (FAE) on sexual dysfunction in diabetic rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, quantification of phytochemicals by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–electrospray ionization (ESI)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method, and in vitro antioxidant capacity of FAE extract were elucidated. For the in vivo study, diabetes was induced by one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg), and treated diabetic rats were given FAE at 200 mg/kg. Rats were subjected to a sexual incentive motivation test (SIM) and a mating behavior test, and then serum testosterone levels and sperm quality were analyzed. Our study indicates that FAE contained a large amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and 13 constituents were quantified; cynaroside (3.8 mg analyte/g extract) was the main compound, followed by rosmarinic acid (3.145 mg analyte/g extract), thus confirming its high antioxidant capacity. FAE treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved sexual motivation and copulatory behavior, increased testosterone levels, and enhanced sperm quality in diabetic‐treated rats compared to diabetic untreated rats. The present work demonstrates the therapeutic potential of S. balansae flowers in enhancing reproductive function in diabetic rats, potentially through its antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and aphrodisiac properties.
Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum sialic acids enhance macrophage infection
Authors: Cavalcante Tainá , Marques Antônio Moreira , Medeiros Mariana Medina , Reis Tania Carolina , Quina Daniel , de Alencar Bruna Cunha , Palmisano Giuseppe , Stolf Beatriz Simonsen
Published: January 2025

Leishmaniases affect millions of people around the world, caused by Leishmania parasites. Leishmania are transmitted by female sandflies from Phlebotominae subfamily during their blood meals. In mammals, promastigotes are phagocytosed mainly by macrophages, differentiate into amastigotes and multiply. For entry and survival in macrophages, Leishmania uses virulence factors such as surface glycoconjugates. Sialic acids (Sias) are found in terminal portions of glycoconjugates and play important roles in human pathogens. The importance of Sias was explored only in L. (L.) donovani, associated with visceral leishmaniasis in Africa, Asia and Europe. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize Sias of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (L.) infantum, related to cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in South America, respectively. For that, we analyzed by HPLC‐FLD the Sias of promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis LV79 and two L. (L.) infantum strains, and of L. (L.) amazonensis axenic amastigotes and amastigotes from paw lesions of infected mice. To evaluate Sias importance in promastigotes, we treated stationary phase parasites with sialidase and infected murine and human macrophages. We detected N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid in promastigotes of all strains, with greater abundance in L. (L.) infantum. We identified N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid and N‐Glycolylneuraminic acid in amastigotes recovered from paw lesion, but only N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid in axenic amastigotes. Promastigotes treated with sialidase infected less macrophages than parasites displaying total Sias. Our results demonstrate that Sias vary between Leishmania species and between L. (L.) amazonensis life stages and plays an important role in macrophage infection by L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) infantum.
Neonatal Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia: A Severe Case With Prenatal Indicators and Comprehensive Review of Recognition and Management
Authors: Parviz Samaneh , Hooshyar Dariush
Published: January 2025

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), also known as glycine encephalopathy, is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the glycine cleavage enzyme system (GCS), leading to the pathological accumulation of glycine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This case report details a neonate presenting with central apnea, profound hypotonia, and refractory seizures, alongside prenatal findings of polyhydramnios and hiccup‐like fetal movements, all strongly suggestive of severe NKH. Diagnostic evaluation confirmed markedly elevated glycine levels in serum and CSF, with a CSF‐to‐plasma glycine ratio exceeding 0.08, and ruled out alternative causes of hyperglycinemia. Brain MRI revealed characteristic malformations, corroborating the diagnosis of severe NKH. Treatment included anticonvulsants for seizure management, sodium benzoate for glycine reduction, and NMDA receptor antagonists (ketamine and dextromethorphan) to modulate neurotoxicity. Despite these therapies, the patient demonstrated poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, with rapid progression to severe impairment. This case highlights the significance of early identification, precise diagnosis, and a comprehensive care strategy in managing NKH, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Translocation Leading to Right Anteromedial Ovarian Surface Impingement and Laparoscopic Retrieval: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Anwaar Adeel , Karamat Riyan Imtiaz , Khanzada Mikail , Akilimali Aymar , Aamir Minahil , Arshad Mirza Ammar , Bhatti Ihtisham Haider , Rashid Saad , Kayani Taimur Sulaiman , Ansar Sadia , Batool Shifa , Khan Abdullah Saif , Singh Ajeet
Published: January 2025

We report a rare case of a 29‐year old woman presenting with abdominal pain, whose initial examination failed to identify intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) threads. IUCD migration was confirmed by CT scan and subsequent single‐port laparoscopic retrieval alleviated her symptoms.
Iatrogenic Botulism After Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin‐A: A Case Series
Authors: Asadi Mohammad , Shadnia Shahin , Mostafazadeh Babak , Evini Peyman Erfan Talab , Zandieh Faraz , Rahimi Mitra
Published: January 2025

Botulism symptoms after cosmetic botulinum toxin‐A (BTX‐A) injections happen very rarely, and it needs careful attention since it can be life‐threatening. Hence, it is advised to meticulously check the technique, dose, and authenticity of the BTX‐A before injections to reduce the adverse effects.
Efficient Bifunctional V‐Doped NiCoP/Ni₂P Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting via a Simple Heterointerface Construction Strategy
Authors: Xing Zhonghang , Cai Wenfang , Wang Yunhai , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: January 2025

Developing efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is imperative for water electrolysis. Herein, the construction of heterointerfaces was achieved through the simple phosphating treatment, and a unique chrysanthemum‐like V‐doped NiCoP/Ni₂P/NF was synthesized for the efficient water splitting. The prepared V‐doped NiCoP/Ni₂P/NF demonstrated favorable bifunctional catalytic performance, requiring low overpotentials of 82 mV and 245 mV to achieve current densities of 10 mA cm⁻2 for the HER and OER, respectively. At a current density of 50 mA cm−2, the cell voltage for overall water splitting (OWS) is only 1.66 V, with no significant degradation after 60 h of operation. The characterization and DFT calculations revealed that the heterointerfaces between NiCoP and Ni₂P significantly enhanced the catalytic performance by facilitating electron transfer and optimizing charge distribution. Vanadium doping further changed the electronic properties at the interfaces and optimized the adsorption of intermediates. Due to the synergistic effect of heterointerfaces and vanadium doping, V‐doped NiCoP/Ni₂P/NF exhibited excellent bifunctional properties, with more reaction sites, high conductivity, and stability. This strategy could open up new possibilities for designing high performance catalysts for renewable energy production and sustainable hydrogen generation.
Geometric Effects on C−C Coupling of Aryl‐Carbenes under 2D Confinement
Authors: Bera Abhijit , Baklouti Iheb , Lykov Vladimir A. , Ulrich Iris , Lucht Karsten , Rowen Julien F. , Sander Wolfram , Morgenstern Karina
Published: January 2025

It is well established that the confinement of reactants to two dimensions influences their reactivity. However, such confinement is often dominated by charge transfer effects between the reactants and the confining walls, in particular if the walls are conductive. Also, the reactivity of carbenes on metal surfaces is significantly affected by the charge transfer between the carbene and the metal, rendering the carbene more nucleophilic or electrophilic. Here, we investigate the geometrical effects of 2D confinement without an influence of the supporting metal for a photoinduced reaction of an aryl carbene on an ionic decoupling layer. We demonstrate the decoupling concept for the C−C coupling of 3‐methoxy‐9‐fluorenylidene (C14H10O) on a NaBr(100) bilayer on Ag(111). We combine scanning tunneling microscopy with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy to follow the photoinduced C−C coupling of the carbene from its diazo‐protected precursor in two dimensions. Our study demonstrates that the NaBr decoupling bilayer efficiently suppresses the effects of the metal surface, facilitating carbene chemistry under geometrical confinement.
Burden of female‐specific cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Ren Wenhui , Guo Xiangyu , Liu Zheng , Wu Yanqiu , Peng Rui , Liu Huixin , Qi Jinlei
Published: January 2025

Background

Breast cancer and reproductive system cancers remain significant public health threats for Chinese women. This study aimed to evaluate the latest epidemiological patterns and trends of four female‐specific cancers in China.

Methods

The year‐ and age‐specific estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) associated with breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers in China from 1990 to 2021 were generated from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2021 study. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed with age–period–cohort models. A Bayesian age–period–cohort model was applied to forecast disease burden from 2022 to 2050.

Results

In 2021, China reported 385.84 thousand (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 294.10–489.01 thousand) incident cases of female breast cancer, followed by cervical cancer (132.79 thousand [95% UI, 95.96–172.60 thousand]), uterine cancer (72.02 thousand [95% UI, 53.31–100.00 thousand]), and ovarian cancer (41.24 thousand [95% UI, 30.30–54.55 thousand]). Breast cancer ranked as the primary cause of cancer‐related deaths, followed by cervical cancer. The age‐specific incidence rate for breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers are projected to occur in the age groups 60–64 years, 55–59 years, 65–69 years, and 60–64 years, respectively. Breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer cases are projected to rise by 2050, which will exceed those recorded in 2021.

Conclusions

Various inequities have been identified across four types of cancers affecting women, which underscores the need for tailored national cancer control strategies. Emphasis should be placed on primary prevention and screening for breast and cervical cancers, whereas efforts for uterine and ovarian cancers should focus on implementing early diagnosis and treatment measures.

Plain language summary

This study examines the burdens and trends of breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers among Chinese women from 1990 to 2021.

In 2021, breast cancer emerged as the most prevalent, followed by cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers, with breast cancer also exhibiting the highest mortality rate.

The age groups projected to exhibit the highest incidence rates for breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers are 60–64 years, 55–59 years, 65–69 years, and 60–64 years, respectively.

Projections indicate that by 2050, the incidence of breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers will surpass 2021 levels, which underscores the necessity for targeted prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
Glomus Tumor in the Left Submandibular Region: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhu Chengyao
Published: January 2025

Background

Glomus tumors are rare, benign mesenchymal neoplasms predominantly located in subungual regions of the extremities. Their occurrence in the mandibular region is exceptionally uncommon, presenting unique diagnostic challenges. Only a limited number of submandibular glomus tumors have been documented, leaving their presentation and management largely underexplored.

Case

We presented a case of glomus tumor in the submandibular area of a 60‐year‐old female, which appeared as a purplish‐red lesion. In the absence of characteristic symptoms such as tenderness and cold sensitivity, the lesion was initially misdiagnosed as a pigmented nevus. Histopathological analysis subsequently confirmed the diagnosis as a glomus tumor. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining further confirmed the tumor's smooth muscle and mesenchymal origins, with positive for Vimentin, SMA, Syn, Actin, Desmin, and CD34. The patient underwent surgical tumor excision with no recurrence after 28 months of follow‐up.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of considering glomus tumors in atypical locations and highlights the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach to prevent misdiagnosis. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, with extended postoperative surveillance recommended to monitor for recurrence.
Relapse of Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma as Painless Masses in the Abdominal Wall Muscles: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mansour Somar , Abdul Rahman Seif‐Aldin , Mansour Majd , Afif Ali , Hasan Raghad , Abdullah Nader , Alshehabi Zuheir
Published: January 2025

Background

The most frequent type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Although lymph nodes are the most commonly affected organs compromising 70% of DLBCLs, only 5% of extranodal lymphomas represent skeletal muscle involvement. Specifically, abdominal wall muscle involvement is rare and there are only a few reported cases of DLBCL with this type of muscle involvement. Painful abdominal mass was the main presenting symptom in these reported cases.

Case

We are reporting a relapsed DLBCL with abdominal wall muscle involvement in a 65‐year‐old male, presenting with a discomfort and heaviness sensation in the right iliac region with no associated pain.

Conclusion

A rare case of DLBCL with recurrence in the abdominal wall muscles as painless masses was reported in this case report. To our knowledge, it is considered the fourth reported in the medical literature. It shows the importance of the diagnostic process that combines imaging with histological examination and immune stains for accurate diagnosis.
Comparing AI and Human Emotional Responses to Color: A Semantic Differential and Word‐Color Association Approach
Authors: Zheng Ling , Xu Long
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to simulate human emotional responses to color using two established methods: semantic differential (SD) method and word‐color association (WCA) approach. The SD method quantifies emotional reactions to colors through bipolar adjective pairs (e.g., warm–cool, heavy–light), while the WCA method explores associations between specific words and colors. AI responses were compared with data from human participants across various demographics. Results show that AI consistently evaluates basic emotional dimensions, such as warm–cool and heavy–light, with high accuracy, often surpassing human consistency. However, AI struggled with more subjective and culturally influenced dimensions like modern–classical and active‐passive. In the WCA experiment, AI replicated many general color associations but faced challenges with complex emotions like joy and anticipation. These findings highlight AI's potential in tasks requiring standardized emotional responses but reveal its limitations in capturing nuanced human emotions, especially in culturally sensitive contexts.
Driving Sustainable Business Practices With Carbon Accounting and Reporting: A Holistic Framework and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Onat Nuri C. , Mandouri Jafar , Kucukvar Murat , Kutty Adeeb A. , Al‐Muftah Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

The pressing impacts of global climate change and the emergence of stringent carbon disclosure regulations put pressure on organizations to transform and account for their emissions, beyond operational boundaries and encompass upstream and downstream value chains. Current management literature, practices, and skills fall short of addressing the importance and contribution of carbon accounting and reporting (CAR) in adopting sustainable operations management practices. This paper aims to deliver comprehensive guidance for companies on the benefits of CAR in facilitating the transformation and adoption of sustainable business practices. We develop a holistic and inclusive framework encompassing “value” and “values” perspectives. The framework explores how these forces shape company strategy and illustrates how CAR can enhance sustainable operations management, resulting in sustainable business outcomes. We test our hypothesis through a real‐world case of a public transportation services company by following the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol and Global Reporting Institute (GRI) reporting standards, demonstrating how comprehensive measurement, analysis, and reporting of carbon emissions linked to operational processes and value chains can transform firms. This transformation includes reducing environmental impacts, managing risks, strengthening stakeholder engagement, sharing value and responsibility within value chains, promoting technology adoption and innovation, and making well‐informed decisions to improve the efficiency of products and services. As demonstrated in this research, CAR could significantly assist companies in strategically identifying emissions hotspots, establishing precise reduction targets, and aligning with environmental regulations and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
EHMT2‐mediated R‐loop formation promotes the malignant progression of prostate cancer via activating Aurora B
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Su Mingqin , Chen Yiming , Cui Li , Xia Wei , Xu Renfang , Xue Dong , Zhang Xiansheng , Feng Xingliang
Published: January 2025

Background

Chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of cancer, is commonly linked to poor prognosis in high‐grade prostate cancer (PCa). Paradoxically, excessively high levels of CIN may impair cancer cell viability. Consequently, understanding how tumours adapt to CIN is critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets.

Methods

Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify genes overexpressed in PCa tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO datasets. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays were applied to determine the expression levels of euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), pT232‐Aurora B and Cullin 3 (CUL3). The proliferation of cells was measured through CCK‐8 tests, clonogenesis and subcutaneous xenografts of human PCa cells in BALB/c nude mice. Live cell imaging, immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry were used to confirm the role of EHMT2 in PCa cell mitosis. Co‐immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and IF assays further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results

EHMT2 was highly expressed in metastatic PCa tissues exhibiting elevated CIN and was strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with PCa. Silencing EHMT2 impaired cell division, inducing G2/M‐phase arrest and mitotic catastrophe in PCa cells. Mechanistically, EHMT2 is indispensable to ensure the full activation of Aurora B through centromeric R‐loop‐driven ATR–CHK1 pathway, with EHMT2 protein expression peaking during the G2/M‐phase. Moreover, CUL3 was identified as a binding partner of EHMT2, mediating its polyubiquitination and destabilising its protein levels.

Conclusions

This study reveals a CUL3–EHMT2–Aurora B regulatory axis that safeguards accurate chromosome segregation in PCa cells, supporting the potential therapeutic application of EHMT2 inhibitors.

Key points

Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) is overexpressed in advanced prostate cancer, restraining catastrophic chromosomal instability (CIN) and enhancing cell fitness.

EHMT2 functions via the centromeric R‐loop‐driven ATR–CHK1–Aurora B pathway to promote chromosomal stability.

EHMT2 confers enzalutamide resistance via activating Aurora B.

Cullin 3 (CUL3) promotes EHMT2 destabilisation via deubiquitination.
Disturbed shear stress promotes atherosclerosis through TRIM21‐regulated MAPK6 degradation and consequent endothelial inflammation
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Shu‐Yu , Gu Yue , Luo Shuai , Chen Ai‐Qun , Kong Chao‐Hua , Zhou Wen‐Ying , Wang Li‐Guo , Wang Zhi‐Mei , Zuo Guang‐Feng , Gao Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Chen Shao‐Liang
Published: January 2025

Rationale

Coronary artery plaques often develop in regions subjected to disturbed shear stress (DSS), yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Our study aimed to elucidate the unknown role of MAPK6 in shear stress and plaque formation.

Methods

In vitro and in vivo experiments, RNA‐seq, CO‐IP and proteomic analysis, combined with single‐cell RNA‐seq datasets were used to reveal the upstream and downstream mechanisms involved. AAV‐MAPK6, ApoE−/−MAPK6flox/floxTEKCre mice and the CXCL12 neutraligand were used to confirm the beneficial effects of MAPK6 against atherosclerosis.

Results

Our study revealed a substantial decrease in MAPK6 protein levels in endothelial cells in response to DSS, both in vivo and in vitro, which was contingent on the binding of the ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 to MAPK6. Endothelium‐specific MAPK6 overexpression exerts antiatherosclerotic effects in ApoE−/− mice, elucidating the unexplored role of MAPK6 in atherosclerosis. Comprehensive RNA‐seq, integrated single‐cell mapping and further experiments unveiled the involvement of MAPK6 in inflammation through the EGR1/CXCL12 axis. ApoE−/−MAPK6flox/floxTEKCre mice finally confirmed that conditional MAPK6 knockout resulted in endothelial inflammation and significant increases in plaque areas. Notably, these effects could be reversed through the neutralization of CXCL12.

Conclusions

Our study illuminates the advantages of MAPK6 in decelerating plaque progression, highlighting the potential of safeguarding MAPK6 as a novel therapeutic strategy against atherosclerosis.

Key points

Disturbed flow activates the ubiquitin‒proteasome degradation pathway of MAPK6 in endothelial cells, which is contingent on the binding of the ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 to MAPK6.

Endothelial MAPK6 has an advantageous impact on decelerating plaque progression.

MAPK6 regulates endothelial inflammation via the EGR1/CXCL12 axis.
A Dual‐Band Dual‐Polarized Rectenna for Efficient RF Energy Harvesting in Battery‐Less IoT Devices With Broad Power Range
Authors: Bairappaka Santosh Kumar , Ghosh Anumoy , Halimi Md Ahsan , Roy Bappadittya
Published: January 2025

The demand for maintenance‐free, battery‐less IoT devices, driven by sustainable Industry 4.0 practices, necessitates efficient RF energy harvesting solutions. Addressing the limitations of single‐frequency harvesting, a novel dual‐band, dual‐polarized rectenna operating at 3.6 GHz and 5.8 GHz is proposed. The antenna resonates at 3.6 GHz with linearly polarized (LP) characteristics and 5.8 GHz with circularly polarized (CP) characteristics with impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 2.2% and 5.63%, respectively, achieving a gain of 4.85 dBi and 6.75 dBic, respectively. A rectenna consists of an antenna at the front end and an RF‐DC rectifier at the backend. This approach maximizes power conversion efficiency by minimizing impedance mismatches and reflection losses and mitigates interference between the dual bands within the rectifier circuitry. The rectifier achieves peak efficiencies of 65.5% at 3.6 GHz with a 3 dBm input and 44% at 5.8 GHz with a −1 dBm input, both with 2KΩ load. Efficiency exceeds 30% at 3.6 GHz for an input range from −10 to 6.5 dBm and exceeds 20% at 5.8 GHz for an input range from −13 to 3 dBm. These design considerations enable reliable harvesting of ambient RF energy across a range of −20 to 20 dBm, enabling continuous IoT device operation. Our measurements confirm the design's effectiveness in converting low‐power RF signals into usable energy, supporting sustainable and autonomous IoT deployments at 3.6 and 5.8 GHz.
Tracking the Ghosts of the Himalayas: Snow Leopard Conservation Insights From Satellite Collar Data
Authors: Shrestha Pratistha , Pandey Dayaram , Sherpa Pemba , Shah Prakash , Sharma Dipesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study presents the first movement analysis of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) using satellite telemetry data, focusing on the northeastern Himalayas of Nepal. By examining GPS‐based satellite collar data between 2013 and 2017 from five collared snow leopards (effectively three individuals), the research uncovered distinct movement patterns, activity budgeting and home range utilisation from one adult male and two sub adult females. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) revealed three behavioural states based on the movement patterns—slow (indicative of resting), moderate and fast (associated with travelling) and demonstrated that the time of day influenced their behavioural state. While adult males exhibited behaviour focused on moderately active states, juvenile females presented behaviour focused on highly active states. Home ranges, estimated over a 5–21 month tracking period, were larger than those observed in previously studied snow leopards and included crossings of international boundaries from Nepal into China and India. These relatively large home ranges may be attributed to the rugged terrain and scarce resources within the study area. This research suggested that movement patterns and home range sizes might differ between male and female snow leopards, which may indicate different ecological needs and resource‐use techniques. Furthermore, this study provides reliable information on snow leopards from the telemetry data and links it to conservation implications in northeastern Nepal to ensure their long‐term survival, promote coexistence and foster cross‐border collaboration.
Mechanisms linking river flow regime and riparian hardwood establishment
Authors: Railsback Steven F. , Bair John H.
Published: January 2025

The dominant conceptual model for how river flow affects when and where riparian hardwood trees establish (the “recruitment box model”) considers streamflow recession and a survivable rate of stage decline to predict survival of seedling desiccation. However, to become established, plants must also survive the pre‐seedling life stages and avoid inundation and scour mortality in high flows. We examine the relative importance of these flow‐dependent mechanisms by representing them in a two‐dimensional simulation model. Analysis of the model as applied to a low‐gradient reach of a large mountain river indicates that the soil characteristic determining moisture elevation (the “capillary fringe” height) is the most important process driving establishment rates; also important are the dates of seed deposition, inundation mortality, and the time needed for sprouted seeds to develop roots. Root growth rate had only moderate effect on seedling survival. These results indicate that the conventional conceptual model of establishment is incomplete. At our site, natural rates of decline in soil moisture elevation exceeded root growth rates, so widespread establishment required periods of near‐steady flows. Further, under both reservoir‐controlled and unimpaired flow regimes, establishment was strongly determined by post‐deposition flow increases: seeds deposited at elevations low enough to support rooting were often killed via inundation or scour in flow fluctuations that occurred under both reservoir‐regulated and unregulated flow scenarios. When soil moisture dynamics are represented even simply, the survivable rate of stage decline is not constant but depends on capillary fringe height, seed elevation, and the duration of stage decline. A more complete conceptual model of hardwood establishment considers that seeds need to be deposited where soil is moist long enough to develop roots but far enough from the water's edge to avoid mortality in flow fluctuations; for soil moisture to remain within reach of roots, which could require unusually steady flows, a high capillary fringe, or favorable groundwater gradients; and to avoid mortality due to scour or inundation in winter high flows. Model sensitivity and lack of literature suggest the time and moisture requirements for seeds to develop roots and inundation mortality of seedlings as research priorities.
Naturally Occurring and Artificial Nonnutritive Sweeteners: Potential Impacts on Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Wang Yuzhuo , Lin Ligen
Published: January 2025

Sweeteners are food additives used in processed foods and beverages, as well as health products and medicines. Due to low cost, zero calories, and intense sweetness, nonnutritive sweeteners have been widely used to replace table sugar and become the preferred strategy to manage human health. Non‐nutritive sweeteners are traditionally considered to be metabolically inert, while more and more evidence indicates that they affect human health by perturbing gut microbiota and energy homeostasis. The impact of non‐nutritive sweeteners on metabolic diseases still remains controversial. This review covered a total of 10 commonly used non‐nutritive sweeteners, either naturally occurring or artificial, and summarized their origin, applications, and impacts on metabolic diseases, especially obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The sensory assessment methods were summarized and applied to evaluate the suitability and consumer acceptance of sweeteners. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential impacts of sweeteners on metabolic diseases, guide the safe application of sweeteners, and speculate on the future development of sweeteners.