bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of surface processes of functionalized composite structures por-Si/Ag by the method of edge wet angle
Authors: Koshevoi V L , Timchenko A V , Pleshanov I M , Denisenko R S , Bazylo S S , Belorus A O
Published: October 2020

In this work, we studied the functionalized por-Si/Ag composite structures by the contact angle method using the “Contact Angle Measurement System JGW-360A”. The hydrophobic / hydrophilic properties of the studied structures were analyzed. Were studied changes in surface functional groups with various functionalization methods. Wetting gulls were also determined for different series of samples: porous silicon (θ ≈ 580), a porous matrix with a silver layer (θ ≈ 340), and a porous matrix functionalized by electro-thermal diffusion (θ ≈ 410). Were drawn the conclusions about the effect of oxide phases on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of the studied samples.
Modeling and investigation of temperature fields at phase boundaries in powder mixtures undergoing melting and chemical transformation
Authors: Malikov V , Ishkov A , Shegolev A
Published: October 2020

An important component of the process of hardening parts by induction surfacing is the heating of hard alloy and flux particles in the surfacing charge. The article describes complex studies on measuring and modeling temperatures at phase boundaries in complex melting and thermoreactive powder mixtures. To register the temperature in the process of induction surfacing, it is proposed to use the XA-microthermocouple method and the method of thermal indication using SHS compositions. The data of numerical modeling and solution of the non-stationary problem of heat conduction in the selected model of composite contact materials are presented. The developed methods of complex registration of temperature in the process of induction surfacing make it possible to determine the melting temperatures of the surfacing charge and its individual components, as well as the surface of the part.
Pseudo-random sequences with non-maximal length realized according to the Galois scheme based on the primitive polynomial in degree
Authors: Pesoshin V A , Kuznetsov V M , Kuznetsova A S
Published: October 2020

We consider homogeneous and nonhomogeneous pseudo-random sequences of non-maximal length formed by Galois generator based on characteristic polynomial in degree. We discovered periodic polynomial structures in degree in general form and on characteristic examples. We presented and applied the decimation method of periodic sequences, giving their decomposition on elementary M-sequences and constant components. We solved the tasks of analyzing of the diversity of generated sequences, which are organized and ordered from elements of direct and inverse M-sequences, and zero and one constants. We have obtained a general analytical relationship between decimation results and probabilistic properties. We discovered conditions for forming equal probability properties of the resulting sequences and determined the boundary relations of the generator parameters with the initial task of the minimum order of elementary M-sequences.
Potential curves companions and the forecast of critical parameters
Authors: Petrik G G
Published: October 2020

Here, new results obtained by modeling intermolecular interactions are presented. A third special point, the inflection point, is introduced in the potential curve (PC) description. General relations are obtained that refer to the coordinates of the minimum and inflection by the PC – and the indices n and m, that determine the shape of individual contributions to Mie potentials (n-m). The new approach applies to 10 globule molecules in the analysis of potentials restored from data on the properties of substances (second virial coefficient and viscosity) using standard methods. The analysis revealed several problems, the source of which turned out to be data characteristics for WF6 molecules. As a result, a new concept has been introduced of PC – companions, which characterize each object. Calculations of the coordinates of the inflection points of PC companions and their comparison with critical parameters showed that one of them (PC with a large value of n) better predicts the critical temperature, and the other (PC with a lower value of n) predicts a critical volume. The results obtained, of fundamental interest, raise new questions.
Hybrid magnetoelectric converter
Authors: Petrov R V , Kuzmin E V , Leontiev V S , Sokolov O V , Bichurin M I
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of a hybrid magnetoelectric voltage converter. The article deals with the magnetoelectric structure of the converter with its design features. The measuring stand with the calculation of the converter parameters is also described and the measurement results are given. In the manufacture of the ME element, materials such as piezoelectric PZT and magnetostrictive amorphous alloy Metglas were used. ME is a layered element, which consists of a PZT plate with electrodes applied to the lateral surfaces and one or more Metglas layers. The Metglas plates are connected to the piezoelectric using an adhesive bond. In experimental studies, the number of Metglas layers varied from one to three. The article discusses the design of the converter and the choice of the most optimal of the ones under study. As a result of the study, the lowest indicators were found for a converter without a core, the more Metglas layers, the better the characteristics of the converter. The ME element at the resonant frequency converts energy much better (the conversion power was about 130 μW) than the design of a conventional converter, and also a hybrid converter based on a series switching circuit gives an even greater gain in energy conversion (the conversion power was about 180 μW).
Modelling of microwave magnetoelectric effect in a laminate of ferrite and piezoelectric bimorphs
Authors: Petrov V M , Saplev A F
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in a layered structure of ferrite and two piezoelectric bimorphs. Proposed theoretical model predicts a giant microwave ME coupling at the coincidence of high-order harmonics of electromechanical resonance and ferromagnetic resonance for the ferrite. In such structures, ME interaction is known to be a result of mechanical strains. Using two piezoelectric bimorphs results in the excitation of high-order harmonic modes that are suppressed in ferrite-piezoelectric bilayers. ME coefficient of 300 V/(cm·Oe) at 5 GHz is predicted for the fifth resonance mode in the laminate of yttrium-iron garnet and two langatate bimorphs. The phenomenon can be used for the realization of ME interaction based microwave devices.
Collective excitations of the quantum rotation motion of methane molecules in the solid state
Authors: Prokhorov A Yu , Leont’eva A V , Dmitriev Yu A
Published: October 2020

The present study is aimed at elucidating of specific quantum mechanical properties of solid methane suggesting contribution of collective effects to the rotational motion of molecules. Analysis of NMR and EPR low temperature experiments of pure and doped solid methanes gives strong evidence of the hindered quantum rotation of CH4 and CD4 molecules even at liquid helium temperatures.
Acid-base properties of the surface of zinc oxide powders subjected to milling in the attritor
Authors: Pronin I A , Yakushova N D , Sychev M M , Komolov A S , Mjakin S V , Karmanov A A , Averin I A , Moshnikov V A , Korotcenkov G
Published: October 2020

Using the method of acid-base indicators adsorption, the influence of mechanical stresses and defects, arising in the milling process, on the surface properties of ZnO powders is analyzed. An explanation of the changes in acid-base properties is given.
Quantification of nonlinear interdependence in complex systems dynamics: simulations and applications
Authors: Pyko N S , Pyko S A , Mikhailov V N , Bogachev M I
Published: October 2020

In our work we studied the nonlinear interdependence metric quantifying the mutual dynamics of two stochastic data series. This metric is based on the calculation of the Euclidean distances between points belonging to the trajectories of these series in the state-space. Using surrogate data as an example, the sensitivity of the metric to the autocorrelation properties of the studied data series, as well as to the amplitude and phase randomization, are investigated. We also considered the application of this metric to the analysis of backscatter signals in sea surface monitoring. We suggest that the nonlinear interdependence metric may be useful as a complementary indicator for the sea wave structure quantification and modeling.
Acoustic excitations in a non-ideal one-dimensional superlattice with anisotropic impurity layers
Authors: Rumyantsev V V , Fedorov S A , Gumennyk K V , Paladyan Yu A , Zavorotnev Yu D
Published: October 2020

The virtual crystal approximation is used to study the specifics of propagation of acoustic excitations through a non-ideal one-dimensional superlattice. Numerical modeling is performed to evaluate the dependence of the lowermost acoustic band gap in a two-sublattice phonon crystal (disordered in composition and widths of constituent layers) on impurity layer concentration.
Fluctuation criteria of applicability of the Gibbs ensemble method to nanosized objects
Authors: Samsonov V M , Talyzin I V , Samsonov M V
Published: October 2020

Fluctuations of energy egr;

E
in the canonical ensemble and of temperature egr;

T
in the micro-canonical one have been evaluated theoretically as well as employing the isothermal and adiabatic molecular dynamics (MD), respectively. MD experiments were performed on Au NPs in the size range from 1.0 to 15.0 nm. As secondary results, MD data on the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of Au NPs are also obtained and analyzed. Theoretical evaluations of egr;

E
and egr;

T
satisfactory or, in some cases, very well agree with our MD results on Au NPs. We have found that egr;

T
is by about two orders of magnitude higher than egr;

E
. However, even for very small NPs (nanoclusters) consisting of 55 atoms egr;

T
is of order of 10 % only. So, a conclusion is made on applicability of both the Gibbs ensemble method and the notion of temperature in its conventional sense to NPs.
On phase diagrams for Au-Si nanosystems: thermodynamic and atomistic simulations
Authors: Samsonov V M , Kartoshkin A Yu , Talyzin I V , Vasilyev S A , Kaplunov I A
Published: October 2020

Phase diagrams for Au-Si nanosystems were calculated by using thermodynamic simulation (NANOCALPHAD methodology) and molecular dynamics (MD). Thermodynamic simulations have been carried out for two Au-Si nanosystems: (i) a solid (crystalline) Si or Au nanoparticle (NP) contacting with an Au-Si nanodroplet of the same radius; (ii) a cylindrical Si nanowire (nanowhisker) with an Au-Si nanodroplet on its butt. We have found that the eutectic temperature of the first system decreases in comparison with the bulk eutectic temperature, and the position of the eutectic point slightly shifts to a lower value of the molar fraction of Si that agree with MD results obtained on another system, i.e. on spherical Au-Si NPs. Contrary to the first system, the eutectic temperature of the second one, i.e. of the system “Si nanowhisker -- Au-Si nanodroplet” increases in comparison with the bulk phase diagram. An explanation of such a result is proposed and discussed.
Computer simulation of dealloying in Cu-Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Sdobnyakov N Yu , Samsonov V M , Kolosov A Yu , Myasnichenko V S , Savina K G , Vasilyev S A , Ershov P M , Grigoryev R E , Bogdanov S S , Sokolov D N
Published: October 2020

Two basic alternative atomistic simulation methods (molecular dynamics and Monte-Carlo) have been used to reproduce the dealloying phenomenon in Cu-Pt nanoalloys. Using the Gupta (tight-binding) potential, we simulated nanoparticles consisting initially of 1500 Cu and 1500 Pt atoms. The involved programs propose search and following removing Cu atoms with the lowest specific binding energies. We have found that as a result of dealloying the particle surface layer is really enriched with Pt atoms. However the particle core keeps in general the structure of the initial nanoalloy. This effect is especially noticeable in molecular dynamics simulation. We have also established that dealloying results in formation of a defected particle structure (vacancies, first of all). Presumably, just such an effect yields the porous structure of bigger Cu-Pt particles in laboratory experiments on dealloying.
Profiles of ion-doped layers on gallium arsenide
Authors: Seleznev B I , Fedorov D G , Zhelannov A V
Published: October 2020

We studied the concentration profiles of charge carriers that are characteristic for ion-doped layers (IDL) used in the manufacturing of field-effect transistors with a Schottky barrier (FTS) on gallium arsenide. Silicon was used as a dopant in the formation of n- and n+ -n layers on GaAs. During annealing of the IDL, SiO2 films were used as protective coatings. The impurity content and silicon distribution in the IDL were estimated by the SIMS method. Profiles of ion-doped layers were calculated by the LSB method. The method for measuring of surface concentration consists in the constant chemical etching of thin layers of gallium arsenide and the measurement of surface electrophysical characteristics. The experimental concentration profiles for GaAs are not Gaussian, but have wide “tails” due to channeling effects in crystals and the influence of chromium. The modes of ion implantation are considered, which form IDL with a sharper profile of the concentration of charge carriers in the “tail”.
A comparative analysis of magnetic properties and microstructure of high coercivity Sm(CoCuFe)5 quasi-binary alloys in the framework of fractal geometry
Authors: Semenova E M , Lyakhova M B , Kuznetsova Yu V , Karpenkov D Yu , Ivanova A I , Karpenkov A Yu , Ivanov D V , Antonov A S , Sdobnyakov N Yu
Published: October 2020

The results of the micro- and nanostructures investigation of Sm(CoCuFe)5 alloys by means of scanning electron and atomic force microscopy are presented. It was shown that sequential high- and low-temperature heat treatments lead to the formation of a homogeneous microstructure with nanoscale compositional heterogeneities. Such a structure provides a coercive filed of up to 32 kOe. The coercivity and remanent magnetization of the samples in the temperature range from 300 to 700 K linearly decrease. The predominant coercivity mechanism in these materials is pinning on nanoscale inhomogeneities with an increased copper concentration. The fractal dimension of the surface of the Sm(CoCuFe)5 alloy metallographic specimen was determined at different stages of heat treatments. The comparative analysis of magnetic properties and microstructure in the framework of fractal geometry was carried out.
Simulation of the mirror descent algorithm on distributions with different variances
Authors: Shiyan D N , Kolnogorov A V
Published: October 2020

In this article, we consider the operation of the mirror descent algorithm in a random environment in which the distributions of one-step incomes have close expectations and different variances. Particular attention is paid to the version of the algorithm for batch processing which allows one to achieve better processing time without increasing losses. The results of numerical modeling of the operation of the algorithms are presented.
Mutualinfluence of two dipole antennas
Authors: Sochilin A V , Eminov S I
Published: October 2020

Accounting for the mutual influence of emitters is one of the important problems in antenna theory. Due to the fact that the results of numerical calculations are poorly presented in the scientific literature, it is very important to develop a theory and perform calculations. In this paper, we obtain a one-dimensional integral equation with a dedicated main operator for two identical emitters. An efficient numerical method is constructed, a program is developed, and numerical calculations are performed over a wide range of input parameters.
Comparison of characteristics of variable magnetic field magnetoelectric sensors based on bidomain lithium niobate, with active magnetic mass and self-biased Ni / Metglas gradient structure
Authors: Sokolov O V , Leontiev V S , Bichurin M I
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to a theoretical comparison of the characteristics of two magnetoelectric sensors of an alternating magnetic field, operating without an external magnetizing field. The first sensor uses a bending mode in a bimorph lithium niobate with an active magnetic mass at the free end. The second sensor consists of lithium bimorph niobate and a self-biased Ni-Metglas gradient structure. The performed estimates show that a sensor with an active magnetic mass is more than 4 times superior to a sensor with a self-biased gradient structure in sensitivity to an alternating magnetic field. However, it has the advantage that by changing the mass of the magnets, the resonant frequency of the sensor can be controlled. In turn, a sensor with a self-biased gradient structure wins in terms of mass and size characteristics. The results obtained can be used to build promising variable magnetic field sensors for use in biomedicine.
Torsional modes in the magnetoelectric effect for a two-layer ferrimagnet-piezoelectric YIG / GaAs structure
Authors: Sokolov O V , Bichurin M I
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in the magnetostrictive-piezosemiconductor structure of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) - gallium arsenide (GaAs) in the torsional mode. Earlier, it was found that the ME effect significantly increases with the transition from the low-frequency range to the region of electromechanical resonance (EMR). There are known results on the study of the ME effect in the range of different EMR modes: planar, flexural, and shear. This article proposes to consider the ME effect in the torsional mode region in a layered YIG-GaAs composite. Interest in this phenomenon is associated both with the study of the newest effect, and with the possibility of studying the ME effect in the region of magnetoacoustic resonance, i.e. when the torsional mode coincides with the spin wave in the region of ferromagnetic resonance. The results obtained can find application in the design of new ME devices.
Quaternary generalized cyclotomic sequences with high linear complexity and even period
Authors: Sokolovskiy N S
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we consider quaternary generalized cyclotomic sequences with high linear complexity for arbitrary even period. These sequences we construct through using new generalized cyclotomic classes, the order of that depends on choice of parameter set.
Schematic modeling of functional units of a magnetoelectric current sensor
Authors: Solovev A I , Kiselev V A , Petrov R V , Leontiev V S , Bichurin M I
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to circuit simulation of functional units of a magnetoelectric current sensor. The magnetoelectric current sensor is designed to measure the current in electrical circuits of direct or alternating current in electrical engineering. The advantages of the developed magnetoelectric current sensors over existing analogs are higher sensitivity, lower power consumption, wide dynamic range of the output voltage, and better linearity of the output characteristics. In the course of the simulation, a model of the OA MCP6024-E/ST microcircuit from Microchip Technology Inc. was used, which is used as a signal amplifier for a magnetoelectric sensing element in a current sensor. Simulation of the signal generation unit, peak detector and linear amplifier was carried out. Circuitry solutions were proposed to improve the parameters of existing current sensors. Solutions have been found to ensure the temperature stability of the sensor. The developed magnetoelectric current sensors can be manufactured using integral technology and become a significant competitor to the traditional Hall effect sensors.
The use of supercritical solvents in crude oil fraction conversion
Authors: Stepacheva A , Gavrilenko A , Markova M , Semenova A , Monzharenko M , Sulman M
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, the production of liquid fuel faces such problems as the matching of the final product with the world standards. To solve these problems, the development of novel technologies and highly effective catalysts for crude oil processing and hydrotreatment is of great interest. In the current work, we provide the combined methodology for the conversion of sulfur-containing oil fractions and heavy hydrocarbons based on the application of supercritical solvent and polymer stabilized oxide catalysts. The mixture of propanol-2 and n-hexane in the supercritical state was used as a solvent in this work. It was found that such combination allows the effective C-C and C-S bond breacking. In this paper we describe the studies on the influence of solvent composition and catalyst on the conversion of two widely used oil model compounds (anthracene and dibenzothiophene).
On the program implementation of a simple Markov homogeneous random search algorithm of an extremum
Authors: Tikhomirov A S
Published: October 2020

A program that implements a simple Markov homogeneous random search algorithm of an extremumis is presented. This program allows solving a fairly wide class of problems of finding the global extremum of an objective function with a high accuracy.
On the program implementation of a simple Markov homogeneous random search algorithm of an extremum with normal distributions
Authors: Tikhomirov A S
Published: October 2020

A program that implements a simple Markov homogeneous random search algorithm of an extremum with normal distributions is presented. This program allows solving a fairly wide class of problems of finding the global extremum of an objective function with a high accuracy.
On the program implementation of a simple Markov homogeneous random search algorithm of an extremum with triangular distributions
Authors: Tikhomirov A S
Published: October 2020

A program that implements a simple Markov homogeneous random search algorithm of an extremum with triangular distributions is presented. This program allows solving a fairly wide class of problems of finding the global extremum of an objective function with a high accuracy.
Amidation kinetics of succinic anhydride by amine-containing drugs
Authors: Tyurina T G , Kryuk T V , Kudryavtseva T A
Published: October 2020

The reaction kinetics of succinic anhydride with amine-containing drugs benzocaine, procaine and sulfanilamide was studied. It is shown that the reaction in the initial period is autocatalytic; subsequently the amidation process is dominant, which corresponds to second order reaction type. The dependence of the reaction kinetic parameters on the properties of the medium and the structure of the amine is analyzed. Equations are given that link the value of the amidation rate constant with the characteristics of organic solvents: polarity, basicity, donor and acceptor properties.
On mesofractal interpretation of the galaxy spatial arrangement
Authors: Uchaikin V V , Kozhemjakina H V
Published: October 2020

The term mesofractal is used here for a system of random points arrangement of which reveals the fractal character on small scales and looks as uniform on large scales. The way of simulation of such systems is based on the random jump process with Lévy-Feldheim stable distributions taken as transition densities, and the Poisson point process for the origin points of the independent trajectory ensemble. Such model successfully represents main statistical properties of the observed part of the universe and may be useful for testing estimation procedures. This article contains also a short discussion of evolution of cell-count data between fractal and uniform domains.
On the structural stratification of iron nanoparticles
Authors: Udovsky A L
Published: October 2020

It is shown that the presence of dispersion of particles with nano-sizes can lead to the appearance of a local phase transition on the surface layer of a sub-granule or a local bcc / fcc phase transition in pure Fe can occur at the intergranular boundary. In the presence of a large size factor, for example, as in Fe- (Mo, W) systems, the magnitude of the static displacements of Fe atoms located at 2–3 coordination spheres relative to the impurity atom, and simultaneously located in the surface / surface layer of the grain, when the critical value of the atomic displacement is exceeded Fe will lead to a violation of the local mechanical stability of the bcc lattice of Fe.
Updating the calculation of the concentration dependence of full energy and formation energy of sigma-phase of the Fe-V system for the basic state
Authors: Udovsky A L , Kupavtsev M V
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this work is to study the region of existence of the sigma phase of the Fe-V system. Since this phase is stable up to low temperatures, up to temperature of the ground state, at which quantum-mechanical calculations are carried out. This one allows testing quantum-mechanical calculations for sigma – phase Fe-V alloys. The original algorithm for calculating the minimum total energy was developed and tested depending on two independent variables [1, 2, 3]. The optimized values of the lattice parameters for the σ-phase alloys of the Fe-V system are calculated. Dependence of the mixing energy of the σ – phase as a function of the composition x (V) of the sigma - phase of the Fe-V system was obtained. The calculations were carried out using the license package of quantum-mechanical calculations WIEN2k.
The fabrication technology of VCSELs emitting in the 1.55 μm waveband
Authors: Voropaev K O , Seleznev B I , Prokhorov A Yu , Ionov A S , Blokhin S A
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results on fabrication technique of a 1,55 μm wafer-fused vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on the InAlGaAsP/InP optical cavity and AlGaAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. The optical cavity InAlGaAsP/InP containes an active region based on multiple InGaAs quantum wells, n++/p++-In (Al)GaAs buried tunnel junction (BTJ), InGaAsP intracavity contact layers and n-InP spreading layers. The top and bottom AlGaAs/GaAs DBRs were grown on GaAs substrate, while the optical cavity InAlGaAsP/InP was grown on InP substrate. The main fabrication proceseses of 1,55 μm VCSELs such as: BTJ fabrication, dry etching of first mesa on top DBR, wet etching of second VCSEL mesa, forming of the ohmic contacts and passivation of the VCSEL structure were described in details.
A probabilistic model of dynamic allocation of resources by investment region
Authors: Zaitseva I V , Malafeyev O A , Dolgopolova A F , Novikova E N , Lugovskoy S I
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the most general, probabilistic model of the dynamic distribution of investment labor resources, describes a method for the optimal distribution of labor resources by investment region and determining the optimal modes of their redistribution taking into account changing conditions. In several regions of investment, several types of labor resources are invested simultaneously.
Dynamic distribution of labor resources by region of investment
Authors: Zaitseva I V , Malafeyev O A , Zakharov V V , Zakharova N I , Orlova A Yu
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the problem of the optimal distribution of labor resources by investment region, taking into account changing conditions. A deterministic model is considered, that is, both the investment region and the invested resources go into new states with a probability equal to one. Several economic agents jointly organize the process of investing labor resources in several investment regions.
On the status of the Born-Oppenheimer expansion in molecular systems theory
Authors: Zakharov A Yu
Published: October 2020

It is shown that the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer expansion does not satisfy the necessary condition for the applicability of perturbation theory. A simple example of an exact solution of a problem that can not be obtained from the Born-Oppenheimer expansion is given. A new version of perturbation theory for molecular systems is proposed.
Probability-free relativistic kinetic theory of classical systems of charged particles
Authors: Zakharov A Yu
Published: October 2020

In the complete system of equations of evolution of the classical system of charges and the electromagnetic field generated by them, the field variables are excluded. An exact closed relativistic non-Hamiltonian system of nonlocal kinetic equations, that describes the evolution of a system of charges in terms of their microscopic distribution functions, is obtained. The solutions of this system of equations are non-invariant with respect to time reversal, and also have the property of hereditarity.
Representing stand-alone automata by characteristic polynomials over a finite field
Authors: Zakharov V M , Shalagin S V , Eminov B F
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes a method of representing a deterministic stand-alone output automaton by a minimal characteristic polynomial over a finite field. It is shown that defining various automaton transition and output functions allows using the algorithm developed to build the sets of minimal polynomials, different in their powers. Estimates of the relevant sets are given here. We have identified the relation between a characteristic minimal polynomial and an ergodic stochastic matrix defining the sequence developed by a stand-alone automaton. It is shown that the minimal degree of a characteristic polynomial depends linearly on the power of the automaton state set and on the accuracy of representing the elements of a given limiting vector of a stochastic matrix.
Modeling of the reflected signal of a ground penetrating radar
Authors: Zasukhina N I , Mikhailov V N
Published: October 2020

The objective of this paper is the simplified model of the reflected signal during subsurface sounding. Physical processes which influence the propagation of the electromagnetic wave are examined in the article. The process of accounting for reflecting local objects situated in the path of the sounding signal propagation is explained in the article. The proposed model is implemented in MatLab software.
Feature of the behavior of structural order parameter in course of plastic deformation by twisting
Authors: Zavorotnev Yu D , Metlov L S , Glezer A M , Zakharov A Yu , Tomashevskaya E Yu
Published: October 2020

On the basis of phenomenological theory by Landau, anomalous behavior of the structural order parameter in the course of plastic deformation by twisting has been explained. The initial loss in the modulus of the order parameter is determined by an energy increase at the beginning of twisting loading and close energies of the primary phase and the secondary one. The minimum and the succeeding increment in the modulus are related to the emerged spiral structure that is a stable state. After that the stage of plasticity is achieved and the modulus value becomes stabilized after the maximum determined by he pre-history has been past. Start your abstract here.
Conditionality of the principal component method in the problem of calculating the composite index of a system from a series of observations
Authors: Zhgun T V
Published: October 2020

The construction of the integral characteristic of the system based on a number of observations containing errors can be considered as the problem of extracting useful signal against a background of noise. Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to find the most characteristic features in the data and to reveal their structure. However, in practice, PCA is rarely used to determine the weights of composite indices. This is partly because the weights determined using PCA often contradict intuitive ideas about the properties of the analyzed system. One of the possible reasons for the occurrence of such situations may be the poor conditioning of the PCA - the influence of irremovable data errors on the determination of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors in PCA. The covariance matrices for different observations can be interpreted as a perturbation of the true unknown covariance matrix that determines the structure of the system. The error in calculating the eigenvalues of an unknown covariance matrix can be estimated a posteriori from the available values of the observed covariance matrices. The obtained estimates should be used when choosing computationally significant principal components that satisfy the criterion of information content, which works correctly in the case of noisy data.
Investigation of data quality in the problem of calculating the composite index of a system from a series of observations
Authors: Zhgun T V
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the use of the finite difference method for assessing the quality of data in the problem of calculating a composite indicator of system quality based on a number of observations. For this technique to be applicable, the data must be approximated with polynomials of lower degrees than the number of observations minus one. The assumption is tested empirically on a specific data set. 37 variables characterizing the quality of life of the population of Russia for 2010-2017 are considered. The dependences of the quality of data approximation on the degree of polynomial regression are analyzed. The results of the numerical experiment make it possible to draw a conclusion about the legitimacy of evaluating data errors using the finite difference method. The use of the finite difference apparatus for analyzing of the fetch shows the presence of fatal errors from 0.59% to 28.92%. Therefore, obtaining the composite characteristics of objects on the basis of such data must necessarily take into account the presence of a fatal error. In particular, the number of parameters characterizing the system should be large enough to compensate for random errors with averaging.
On the evolution of classic charged particles
Authors: Zubkov V V , Zubkova A V
Published: October 2020

In this work, we obtain a closed system of equations for the non-probabilistic microscopic distribution functions of charged point particles moving in the electromagnetic field generated by them. The laws of change of both the total energy of a system of charged point particles and its momentum are also derived. All calculations have been performed in the covariant form. The resulting equations describe an irreversible evolution.
Analysis of β-d-glucan biosynthetic genes in oat reveals glucan synthesis regulation by light
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yan Lin , Liu Minxuan , Guo Ganggang , Wu Bing
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims

Oat (Avena sativa) has human health benefits when consumed as a whole-grain food, attributed to the high content of (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan (mixed-linkage glucan [MLG]), but little is known about the synthase genes and synthesis mechanism of MLG polysaccharides in this species.

Methods

The concentration of oat MLGs under different light intensities was measured by a standard enzymatic approach and further verified by immunoelectron microscopy. The effect of light intensity on MLG synthase genes was examined by RT–qPCR and western blot analyses. The pattern of expression directed by the promoter of the oat MLG synthase gene was also investigated by histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis.

Key Results

The oat orthologues of genes implicated in the synthesis of MLG in other cereals, including cellulose synthase-like (Csl) F, H and J gene families, were defined. Transcript profiling of these genes across oat tissues indicated that AsCslF6 transcripts dominated. Under high light intensities, the expression of AsCslF6, a major isoform of the MLG synthase genes, increased to >30 % of the dark growth control. The amount of MLG in oat rose from 0.07 to 1.06 % with increased light intensity. Histochemical tests showed that the AsCslF6 gene promoter preferentially directs GUS expression under high light intensity conditions.

Conclusions

Oat MLG synthesis is regulated by light. High light intensity upregulates the expression of the MLG synthase AsCslF6 gene, leading to an increase in the amount of MLG in oat leaves.
Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a TOR1AIP1 mutation: a new disease pathway for impaired synaptic transmission
Authors: Cossins Judith , Webster Richard , Maxwell Susan , Rodríguez Cruz Pedro M , Knight Ravi , Llewelyn John Gareth , Shin Ji-Yeon , Palace Jacqueline , Beeson David
Published: October 2020

Congenital myasthenic syndromes are inherited disorders characterized by fatiguable muscle weakness resulting from impaired signal transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Causative mutations have been identified in genes that can affect the synaptic function or structure. We identified a homozygous frameshift deletion c.127delC, p. Pro43fs in TOR1AIP1 in two siblings with limb-girdle weakness and impaired transmission at the neuromuscular synapse. TOR1AIP1 encodes the inner nuclear membrane protein lamin-associated protein 1. On muscle biopsy from the index case, lamin-associated protein 1 was absent from myonuclei. A mouse model with lamin-associated protein 1 conditionally knocked out in striated muscle was used to analyse the role of lamin-associated protein 1 in synaptic dysfunction. Model mice develop fatiguable muscle weakness as demonstrated by using an inverted screen hang test. Electromyography on the mice revealed a decrement on repetitive nerve stimulation. Ex vivo analysis of hemi-diaphragm preparations showed both miniature and evoked end-plate potential half-widths were prolonged which was associated with upregulation of the foetal acetylcholine receptor γ subunit. Neuromuscular junctions on extensor digitorum longus muscles were enlarged and fragmented, and the number of subsynaptic nuclei was significantly increased. Following these findings, electromyography was performed on cases of other nuclear envelopathies caused by mutations in LaminA/C or emerin, but decrement on repetitive nerve stimulation or other indications of defective neuromuscular transmission were not seen. Thus, this report highlights the first nuclear membrane protein in which defective function can lead to impaired synaptic transmission.
Brazilian National Household Health Survey and PCAT: the case of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Pinto L F , Soranz D , Santos L J , Paranhos M S , Malta L S , Bonfante J , Vilela A W S
Published: October 2020

Brazil is divided into five administrative regions, 27 federation units and 5,570 municipalities. Mato Grosso do Sul is one of the states located in the Midwest region and has 1.6 million km2 and a resident population of 2.8 million inhabitants, that is, it has an even lower demographic density than its region - only 7.8 inhabitants/km2. Mato Grosso do Sul has part of the Pantanal, a biome considered the largest continuous floodplain in the world, rich in biodiversity. For this reason, displacements for data collection in household surveys combine roads and rivers. In 2019, the Brazilian National Institute of Geography and Statistics (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica del Brasile) in partnership with the Ministry of Health launched the world's largest household sample survey, the National Health Survey (PNS-2019), in which part of its questions included the use of Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT, adult version), created by professors Barbara Starfield and Leiyu Shi in the 2000s. IBGE interviewers visited more than 100,000 households across the country. In Mato Grosso do Sul, more than 3,000 households were surveyed. In this work, we present the data collection instrument used by IBGE and its multiple analysis possibilities in the scope of primary health care, crossing the variables from other questionnaire modules in order to compare the results from Brazil with the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and its capital, Campo Grande. Developing a baseline and measuring the attributes of primary health care in each of the Brazilian states is another step towards giving health policy accountability, towards strong primary care. IBGE's experience in household surveys and innovation in data collection in primary care is an example for the world that yes, it is possible to develop statistically representative national sample surveys and make them perennial in their regular household surveys, by the time World Health Organization (WHO) discusses universal health coverage.

Key messages

Evaluation of primary care using an internationally validated instrument is possible on national bases with random household sample surveys. A questionnaire elaborated academically can be used as an instrument of public policy to evaluate nationwide health services.
The 2018 Mw7.5 Palu ‘supershear’ earthquake ruptures geological fault's multi-segment separated by large bends: Results from integrating field measurements, LiDAR, swath bathymetry, and seismic-reflection data
Authors: Natawidjaja Danny Hilman , Daryono Mudrik R , Prasetya Gegar , Udrekh  , Liu Philip L-F , Hananto Nugroho Dwi , Kongko Widjo , Triyoso Wahyu , Puji Anggraini Rizkita , Meilano Irwan , Gunawan Endra , Supendi Pepen , Pamumpuni Astyka , Irsyam Mashyur , Faizal Lutfi , Hidayati Sri , Sapiie Benyamin , Kusuma Mipi A , Tawil Sukardan
Published: October 2020

On 28 September 2018, 18:02:44 local time, the Magnitude 7.5 earthquake accompanied by a tsunami and massive liquefaction devastated Palu region in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Comprehensive post-disaster surveys have been conducted, including field survey of surface ruptures, LiDAR, multibeam-bathymetry mapping, and seismic-reflection survey. We used these data to map fault ruptures and measure offsets accurately. In contrast to previous remote-sensing studies, suggesting that the earthquake broke an immature, hidden-unknown fault inland, our research shows that it occurred on the mappable, mature geological fault line offshore. The quake ruptured 177-km long multi-fault segments, bypassing two large releasing bends (first offshore and second inland). The rupture onset occurred at a large fault discontinuity underwater in a transition zone from regional extensional to compressional tectonic regimes. Then it propagated southward along the ∼110-km submarine fault line before reaching the west side of Palu City. Hence, its long submarine ruptures might trigger massive underwater landslides and significantly contribute to tsunami generation in Palu Bay. The rupture continued inland for another 67 km, showing predominantly left-lateral strike-slip up to 6-m, accompanied by a 5–10% dip-slip on average. The 7km sizeable releasing bend results in a pull-apart Palu basin. Numerous normal faults occur along the eastern margin. They cut the Quaternary sediments, and some of them ruptured during the 2018 event. Our fault-rupture map on mature straight geological fault lines allows the possible occurrence of early and persistent ‘supershear’, but significant asperities and barriers on segment boundaries may prohibit it.
’To cleere the course scarse knowne’: a re-evaluation of Richard Hakluyt’s ‘Voyage of Master Hore’ and the development of English Atlantic enterprise in the early sixteenth century
Authors: Ivinson Joshua
Published: October 2020

This article overturns a century of scholarship concerning Master Hore’s infamous voyage to North America in 1536. Richard Hakluyt’s sensational account of this expedition provided the earliest narrative of an English experience of the New World, which has long been deemed to be corroborated by several High Court of Admiralty documents. However, it is demonstrated here that these sources do not corroborate each other, and that Hakluyt’s account is highly unreliable. More significantly, the existence of two previously unidentified commercial fishing ventures are discovered and analysed, thereby shedding new light on the pioneering mercantile forays of Englishmen across the Atlantic.
Differentiability of Relative Volumes Over an Arbitrary Non-Archimedean Field
Authors: Boucksom Sébastien , Gubler Walter , Martin Florent
Published: October 2020

Given an ample line bundle $L$ on a geometrically reduced projective scheme defined over an arbitrary non-Archimedean field, we establish a differentiability property for the relative volume of two continuous metrics on the Berkovich analytification of $L$, extending previously known results in the discretely valued case. As applications, we provide fundamental solutions to certain non-Archimedean Monge–Ampère equations and generalize an equidistribution result for Fekete points. Our main technical input comes from determinant of cohomology and Deligne pairings.
Silicon induces adventitious root formation in rice under arsenate stress with involvement of nitric oxide and indole-3-acetic acid
Authors: Tripathi Durgesh Kumar , Rai Padmaja , Guerriero Gea , Sharma Shivesh , Corpas Francisco J , Singh Vijay Pratap
Published: October 2020

Arsenic (As) negatively affects plant development. This study evaluates how the application of silicon (Si) can favor the formation of adventitious roots in rice under arsenate stress (AsV) as a mechanism to mitigate its negative effects. The simultaneous application of AsV and Si up-regulated the expression of genes involved in nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, cell cycle progression, auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) biosynthesis and transport, and Si uptake which accompanied adventitious root formation. Furthermore, Si triggered the expression and activity of enzymes involved in ascorbate recycling. Treatment with L-NAME (NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester), an inhibitor of NO generation, significantly suppressed adventitious root formation, even in the presence of Si; however, supplying NO in the growth media rescued its effects. Our data suggest that both NO and IAA are essential for Si-mediated adventitious root formation under AsV stress. Interestingly, TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), a polar auxin transport inhibitor, suppressed adventitious root formation even in the presence of Si and SNP (sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor), suggesting that Si is involved in a mechanism whereby a cellular signal is triggered and that first requires NO formation, followed by IAA biosynthesis.
A catalogue of over 10 million variable source candidates in ZTF Data Release 1
Authors: Ofek Eran O , Soumagnac Maayane , Nir Guy , Gal-Yam Avishay , Nugent Peter , Masci Frank , Kulkarni Shri R
Published: October 2020

Variable sources probe a wide range of astrophysical phenomena. We present a catalogue of over 10 million variable source candidates found in Data Release 1 (DR1) of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We perform a periodicity search up to a frequency of 160 d−1, and we classify the light curves into erratic and smooth variables. We also present variability indicators and the results of a periodicity search, up to a frequency of 5 d−1, for about 1 billion sources in the ZTF-DR1 light curve data base. We present several new short-period (<90 min) candidates, and about 60 new dwarf nova candidates, including two candidate eclipsing systems. Both the 10 million variables catalogue and ∼1 billion source catalogue are available online in catsHTM format.