bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Interactions Augmented by Wearable Computing
Authors: Schneegass Stefan , Olsson Thomas , Mayer Sven , van Laerhoven Kristof
Published: March 2018

Wearable computing has a huge potential to shape the way we interact with mobile devices in the future. Interaction with mobile devices is still mainly limited to visual output and tactile finger-based input. Despite the visions of next-generation mobile interaction, the hand-held form factor hinders new interaction techniques becoming commonplace. In contrast, wearable devices and sensors are intended for more continuous and close-to-body use. This makes it possible to design novel wearable-augmented mobile interaction methods – both explicit and implicit. For example, the EEG signal from a wearable breast strap could be used to identify user status and change the device state accordingly (implicit) and the optical tracking with a head-mounted camera could be used to recognize gestural input (explicit). In this paper, the authors outline the design space for how the existing and envisioned wearable devices and sensors could augment mobile interaction techniques. Based on designs and discussions in a recently organized workshop on the topic as well as other related work, the authors present an overview of this design space and highlight some use cases that underline the potential therein.
Wearable Devices
Authors: Resnick Marc L. , Chircu Alina M.
Published: March 2018

Today, innovation in and with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is accelerating as consumers, companies and governments become users and designers of myriad ICT solutions whose ethical implications are not yet well understood. This chapter contributes to the growing body of research on ethical implications of one popular emerging ICT - wearable devices and associated technologies. Ethical challenges stemming from the extensive prevalence and comprehensiveness of wearable devices are related not only to the device design and use but also to the device-supported data collection and analysis and the creation of derivative products and services. Drawing from theories of ICT ethics, this chapter identifies the major ethical challenges posed by wearable devices and provides several guidelines on how these challenges can be addressed through ethically-informed design interventions.
Trends and New Advances on Wearable and Mobile Technologies for Parkinson's Disease Monitoring and Assessment of Motor Symptoms
Authors: Cancela Jorge , Pastorino Matteo , Waldmeyer Maria Teresa Arredondo
Published: March 2018

The aim of this work is to analyze the trends and new advances carried out in the last decades in the field of Parkinson's disease monitoring and management and more specifically regarding wearable and mobile technologies. The challenges of such technologies is to monitor, to assess and to manage the full range of PD symptoms through monitoring and testing routines while not hampering the patient's daily activities, identifying the correlation between the different dimensions affecting the severity of symptoms and the evolution of the disease and enabling the clinician to manage more efficiently the patient by providing timely indications on the effectiveness of the therapy and suggestions on therapy changes.
A Survey of Recent Trends in Wireless Communication Standards, Routing Protocols, and Energy Harvesting Techniques in E-Health Applications
Authors: Rezaei Fahimeh , Hempel Michael , Sharif Hamid
Published: March 2018

One of the most rapidly growing technology areas is the advances in sensing, networking, and miniaturization in medical domain, which enables innovative new applications. This is especially apparent in e-Health and telemedicine. There is an enormous demand for innovation in wireless sensor networking, body area networks, network security and routing, and many other areas, attracting the attention of numerous researchers. With all the advances it can be challenging to identify trends and areas with opportunities for research engagement. In this paper, the authors therefore review the state-of-the-art in wireless communication used in telemedicine and e-Health applications – ranging from the Wide Area Networks to Body Area Networks – and discuss the studies and literature that employ these technologies for e-Health applications. Moreover, recent routing protocols and techniques that are used for Body Area Networks are investigated. One key challenge for e-Health applications, particularly for mobile or patient-worn devices, is energy consumption and supply. One possible solution is found in energy harvesting, and our survey encompasses current challenges and accomplishments in its application to e-Health and discuss various promising techniques.
A Blueprint for Online Licensed Practical Nurse Training
Authors: Salifu Shani
Published: March 2018

Estimated at 25 percent of Americans, the number of low-income single mothers is on the rise (Loprest & Austin, 2011). Described as the disconnected, these women are needy in many areas. Most have less education, and sometimes, more learning disabilities. Some have problems of substance abuse, depression, mental illnesses, and other physical health problems (Wincup, 2014; Jayakody & Stauffer, 2000; Tolman, Himle, Bybee, Abelson, Hoffman, & Van Etten-Lee, 2015). These characteristics have called for action on the plight of these women as their numbers become a strain on welfare systems leading to reduced benefits for some, with others being denied altogether (Silver, Heneghan, Bauman & Stein, 2006). The chapter presents a blueprint to train these mothers into Licensed Practical Nurses to reduce dependence on public finances and to enhance their self-images (Atkins, 2010). The blueprint explores how these women learn, and the services they need to complete the program.
Leaders' Behavior in Association With Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Lorber Mateja , Treven Sonja , Mumel Damijan
Published: March 2018

The achievement of organizational objectives depends on the leadership and leaders' behavior. The study was conducted to examine the relationship between the leaders' behavior, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees in nursing in Slovenian hospitals. The differences between individual variables were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney Test, Spearman correlation analysis and the regression analysis. With the leadership style, leaders' characteristics, leaders' emotional intelligence, and teamwork in the unit we can explain 51% of the total variability of nurses' job satisfaction and 84% of organizational commitment. Leaders' behavior has an important component of work and associated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees in nursing. Health care organizations can be successful if the employees are satisfied with their work and have a high level of organizational commitment.
Social Responsibility of Healthcare Organizations and the Role of the Nurse
Authors: Grandón Katiuska Lidice Reynaldos , Reinoso Lissette Alejandra Avilés
Published: March 2018

Exploring the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implies a must for holistic and regulatory approaches to business ethics. Professionals, executives and employees must demonstrate ethical-based behavior in healthcare. So, the first commitment of the nurse must be caring patients, as without caring them, nurses lose their professional identity. As a result, universities should support the teaching of ethics, while stimulating CSR and values derived from practical training. Experience shows that the methodology of “service learning” seeks to promote the committed participation of students in the teaching-learning process, while delivering a quality service to the community. Correctly inserted into an experience-based pedagogical frame, ethics strengthens critical thinking, problem solving, and encourages solidarity.
IT Security Risk Management Model for Handling IT-Related Security Incidents
Authors: Wahlgren Gunnar , Kowalski Stewart James
Published: March 2018

Managing IT-related security incidents is an important issue facing many organizations in Sweden and around the world. To deal with this growing problem, the authors have used a design science approach to develop an artifact to measure different organizations' capabilities and maturity to handle IT-related security incidents. In this chapter, an escalation maturity model (artifact) is presented, which has been tested on several different Swedish organizations. The participating organizations come from both the private and public sectors, and all organizations handle critical infrastructure, which can be damaged if an IT-related security incident occurs. Organizations had the opportunity to evaluate the actual model itself and also to test the model by calculating the organization's escalation capability using a query package for self-assessment.
Visualization Technique for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Cheikh Mohamed , Hacini Salima , Boufaida Zizette
Published: March 2018

Intrusion detection system (IDS) plays a vital and crucial role in a computer security. However, they suffer from a number of problems such as low detection of DoS (denial-of-service)/DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attacks with a high rate of false alarms. In this chapter, a new technique for detecting DoS attacks is proposed; it detects DOS attacks using a set of classifiers and visualizes them in real time. This technique is based on the collection of network parameter values (data packets), which are automatically represented by simple geometric graphs in order to highlight relevant elements. Two implementations for this technique are performed. The first is based on the Euclidian distance while the second is based on KNN algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed technique has been proven through a simulation of network traffic drawn from the 10% KDD and a comparison with other classification techniques for intrusion detection.
The Challenge of Developing Primary Standards Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide at Atmospheric Levels to Establish Traceability to GHG Monitoring Analysis
Authors: Fioravante Andreia de Lima , Augusto Cristiane Rodrigues , Smarçaro da Cunha Valnei , d'Avila Luiz Antonio
Published: March 2018

This article describes how in recent years the need for the quality control, reliability and traceability of analytical results has been strongly emphasised. The National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, is involved in improving calibration and measurement capabilities to provide high confidence level in accordance with the latest regulation regarding greenhouse gases standards. This article describes the gravimetric production of certified gaseous reference materials of carbon dioxide in atmospheric synthetic air that are used to monitor its concentration in the atmosphere. Considering the contributions from gravimetry preparation and its verification analysis by cavity ringdown system (CRDS) the relative expanded uncertainty of the standard mixture of carbon dioxide was lower than 0.5% for the range studied from 370 to 550 μmol/mol, which is comparable to the average of 0,25% relative uncertainties presented on international standards mixtures.
Amplitude Estimation Technique for Intermittent Contact Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Dobiński Grzegorz , Pawłowski Sławomir , Smolny Marek
Published: March 2018

This article describes how one of the biggest challenges in designing of high-speed intermittent contact atomic force microscope (AFM) is the construction of a fast amplitude detector. The measurement techniques commonly used in commercial microscopes, such as RMS to DC converters or lock-in amplifiers often do not provide sufficient bandwidth to perform high speed imaging. On the other hand, many techniques developed especially for high-speed AFM are characterized by poor signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, a novel amplitude estimation method based on the generalized Goertzel algorithm is presented. The detection system, composed of 16-bit 100 mega-samples per second analog-to-digital converter and field-programmable gate array device, allows to measure the signal amplitude within the time comparable to one oscillation cycle of the AFM cantilever. The effectiveness and validity of the designed detector were investigated by computer simulation. High spatial resolution of the presented method implemented in the actual atomic force microscopy system is also demonstrated.
Análise contemporânea sobre a tradição do haicai japonês
Authors: Prado Thiago Martins Caldas
Published: March 2018

O artigo investiga como demandas por pluralidade, simultaneidade e não linearidade, próprias da estética contemporânea, podem habitar nas formas do haicai e, paradoxalmente, como o haicai, com suas características peculiares de composição, rivaliza com tais demandas do mundo atual nas artes. O estudo ilustra as análises críticas a respeito da modalidade literária haicai por Roland Barthes, Alberto Marsicano, Rodolfo Wilzig Guttilla, Paulo Franchetti, Elza Taeko Doi e Regina Weinreich. Buscam-se correlações e oposições entre os clássicos japoneses, como Bashô, Buson, Issa e Shiki, e os praticantes mais contemporâneos dessa arte, como Paulo Leminski (no cenário nacional), ou Jack Kerouac (no cenário internacional).
The TNF Superfamily Molecule LIGHT Promotes the Generation of Circulating and Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells following an Acute Respiratory Virus Infection
Authors: Desai Pritesh , Tahiliani Vikas , Hutchinson Tarun E. , Dastmalchi Farhad , Stanfield Jessica , Abboud Georges , Thomas Paul G. , Ware Carl F. , Song Jianxun , Croft Michael , Salek-Ardakani Shahram
Published: March 2018

The transition of effector T cells or memory precursors into distinct long-lived memory T cell subsets is not well understood. Although many molecules made by APCs can contribute to clonal expansion and effector cell differentiation, it is not clear if clonal contraction and memory development is passive or active. Using respiratory virus infection, we found that CD8 T cells that cannot express the TNF family molecule lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT) are unimpaired in their initial response and clonally expand to form effector cell pools. Thereafter, LIGHT-deficient CD8 T cells undergo strikingly enhanced clonal contraction with resultant compromised accumulation of both circulating and tissue-resident memory cells. LIGHT expression at the peak of the effector response regulates the balance of several pro- and antiapoptotic genes, including Akt, and has a preferential impact on the development of the peripheral memory population. These results underscore the importance of LIGHT activity in programming memory CD8 T cell development, and suggest that CD8 effector T cells can dictate their own fate into becoming memory cells by expressing LIGHT.
The role of monitoring and evaluation in climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions in developing countries
Authors: Ssekamatte David
Published: March 2018

Background: Although the role of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in enhancing evidence-based management in development work is increasingly recognised, M&E remains under-utilised as a vital tool in informing climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions in many developing countries. Practitioners in climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions are yet to exploit M&E to enhance effectiveness of their programmes.Objectives: This article underscores the critical role that M&E can and should play in enhancing effectiveness of climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions in developing countries. It provides a scholarly look at M&E and its visibility in climate change mitigation and adaptation work, the evidence of its role in mitigation and adaptation interventions across developing nations and the missing gaps in utilisation of M&E for mitigation and adaptation. This article presents key insights that practitioners need to design effective M&E systems for climate change mitigation and adaptation.Methods: The article was compiled based on Cooper’s stages of literature review 1984. A total of 15 peer-reviewed articles, a few eBooks and hard copy textbooks as well as reports from credible international organisations that met the inclusion criteria of focus, goal and coverage on M&E and climate change mitigation and adaptation were reviewed.Results: The findings show that M&E can be used as an effective tool for learning, informing evidence-based decision-making, promoting accountability and helping organisations to improve on climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions.Conclusion: M&E if well designed and implemented can be handy and useful in informing climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions.
Breed prevalence of canine lymphoma in South Africa
Authors: Van Rooyen Liesl J. , Hooijberg Emma , Reyers Fred
Published: March 2018

Lymphoma is a common haematopoietic neoplasm in dogs. Several breeds have been shown to have a predisposition to lymphoma; however, very little information exists regarding the South African dog population. This study assessed whether any breed had increased odds of developing lymphoma compared with others, and also investigated the effects of age, sex and neutering status on disease prevalence. Two study populations and their corresponding reference populations were studied retrospectively. Odds ratios (ORs) for lymphoma in 49 dog breeds, together with their 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated. Age effect was assessed by calculating ORs for different age categories in one of the populations. The chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in the prevalence of the various sex and neutering categories in one lymphoma population compared with its reference population. Fourteen breeds had significantly increased odds of developing lymphoma, and one breed had significantly decreased odds (p  0.050). The median ages of the two lymphoma populations were 6.5 and 8.0 years, with the 6.1–9.0 year category having significantly increased odds of developing lymphoma (OR 1.61, CI 1.2–2.16, p = 0.002). In one of the lymphoma populations, higher proportions of males (p = 0.033) and neutered females (p = 0.006) were found when compared with the reference population. These findings suggest that certain breeds in South Africa have a higher risk of developing lymphoma, and that sex hormones may play a role in lymphoma pathogenesis. The findings may provide useful information for pet owners and veterinarians.
Exploring the socio-ecological levels for prevention of sexual risk behaviours of the youth in uMgungundlovu District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Khuzwayo Nelisiwe , Taylor Myra
Published: March 2018

Background: Prevention of youth sexual risk behaviour among the youth in uMgungundlovu District Municipality continues to be a primary challenge for public health and health promotion. Current prevention interventions are targeted at an individual level, whilst youth behaviour is influenced by many social and environmental factors.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the factors influencing sexual risk behaviours of the youth at different socio-ecological levels in uMgungundlovu District Municipality.Methods: An explorative and descriptive qualitative study design was used, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions for data collection. A framework analysis was used to develop themes derived from the socio-ecological theory.Results: Four themes were identified that influence youth to engage in sexual risk behaviours: (1) individual factors, related to role modelling behaviour, gender and negative stereotypes towards females; (2) the microsystem in which youth function including the influence of family and peers; (3) the exo-system comprising the disadvantaged socio-economic status of the communities where the youth live; and (4) the macrosystem where negative social norms were reported to influence youth health outcomes.Conclusion: Sexual risk behaviour among youth in uMgungundlovu is influenced by many factors at multiple social levels. Interventions directed at these multiple levels are needed urgently.
New Product Development; The Nikola Tesla Extrapolation
Authors: Martinez Escobedo Eduardo
Published: March 2018

Product development has been approached by linear methods that apply to any design problem without concern of ambient variables.  In this approach, we will find a new matrix method that can deliver a basic path in which the designer can begin his journey, but adaptable to accept ambient variables. Nikola Tesla in his book “The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla” (1914) told us: “Thus I have been led unconsciously to evolve what I consider a new method of materializing inventive concepts and ideas, which is radially opposite to the purely experimental and is in my opinion ever so much more expeditious and efficient.  The moment one constructs a device to carry into practice a crude idea, he finds himself unavoidably engrossed with the details of the apparatus. As he goes on improving and reconstructing, his force of concentration diminishes and he loses sight of the great underlying principle. Results may be obtained, but always at the sacrifice of quality. My method is different. I do not rush into actual work. When I get an idea, I start at once building it up in my imagination. I change the construction, make improvements, and operate the device in my mind. It is immaterial to me whether I run my turbine in thought or test it in my shop. I even note if it is out of balance. There is no difference whatever; the results are the same. In this way, I can rapidly develop and perfect a conception without touching anything. When I have gone as far as to embody in the invention every possible improvement I can think of and see no fault anywhere, I put into concrete form this final product of my brain. Invariably my device works as I conceived that it should, and the experiment comes out exactly as I planned it. In twenty years, there has not been a single exception. Why should it be otherwise? Engineering, electrical and mechanical, is positive in results. There is scarcely a subject that cannot be examined beforehand, from the available theoretical and practical data.” Tesla’s approach to design tells us to base the creative energy in the conceptual design.  For a designer to get the best results, the method suggests three steps: Preparation, Exploration, and Conceptual Design.  In preparation, the designer must open his mind and learn how to handle his creative muscle, exploration will guide him thru the path of knowledge thru science, and technology, and when he has all the tools on hand will begin the conceptual design. Once a conceptual design is acquired with the details Tesla suggested, nearly anyone with modeling skills can make the detailed design. The aim of this work is to explain in detail the method which is proposed, and to show a testing of the method.  The creativity test selected was the Creativity Styles Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R) applied to groups of students of engineering, and design schools which were confronted to a design challenge using this method, and to a control group who has never been in contact with the method.
Diseño mediterrâneo. Análisis preliminar de epígrafes.
Authors: Picca Laura
Published: March 2018

Este artículo trata sobre el Diseño Mediterráneo como elemento de identidad cultural y tiene como objetivo fundamental identificar a través de la revisión literaria aquellos epígrafes que definen a la “identidad mediterránea” en el área del diseño industrial.Grandes diseñadores y profesionales emergentes se cuestionan y preguntan sobre la continuidad de la profesión en estos tiempos de crisis, por lo que se hace necesario comprender que el diseño no es ajeno a los cambios sociales, económicos y políticos, que la cultura del proyecto ha de ampliarse para generar alternativas más sensibles con la realidad.Frente a lo ampliamente hablado del “estilo mediterráneo” desde diferentes disciplinas como la arquitectura, la moda, incluso la cocina con la denominada “dieta mediterránea”, es que este análisis preliminar tiene como objetivo centrarse en la naturaleza que define la “mediterraneidad”Todo ello atendiendo a las variables socio-culturales, económicas y políticas en proyectos y acciones como el Corredor Mediterráneo, el cual define el marco geográfico de actuación (el Arco Mediterráneo Latino).Se detecta en primer término; la existencia de empresas que actualmente y a modo intuitivo utilizan la “identidad mediterránea” en el diseño y desarrollo de sus productos; y en segundo lugar un importante incremento de los valores de autenticidad, respeto por el medio y los productos naturales, junto al valor cultural asociado al producto. Conviviendo los binomios artesanía-producción industrial y los regionalismos en un mercado globalizado.
Observations of organic and inorganic chlorinated
compounds and their contribution to chlorine radical
concentrations in an urban environment in Northern
Europe during the wintertime
Authors: Priestley Michael , le Breton Michael , Bannan Thomas J. , Worrall Stephen D. , Bacak Asan , Smedley Andrew R. D. , Reyes-Villegas Ernesto , Mehra Archit , Allan James , Webb Ann R. , Shallcross Dudley E. , Coe Hugh , Percival Carl J.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A number of inorganic (nitryl chloride, ClNO2; chlorine, Cl2; and hypochlorous acid, HOCl) and chlorinated, oxygenated volatile organic compounds (ClOVOCs) have been measured in Manchester, UK during October and November 2014 using time of flight chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (ToF-CIMS) with the I− reagent ion. ClOVOCs appear to be mostly photochemical in origin although direct emission from vehicles is also suggested. Peak concentrations of ClNO2, Cl2 and HOCl reach 506, 16 and 9 ppt respectively. The concentrations of ClNO2 are comparable to measurements made in London, but measurements of ClOVOCs, Cl2 and HOCl by this method are the first reported in the UK. Maximum HOCl and Cl2 concentrations are found during the day and ClNO2 concentrations remain elevated into the afternoon if photolysis rates are low. Cl2 exhibits a strong dependency on sunlight further adding to the growing body of evidence that it is formed in the atmosphere, however night time emission is also observed. The contribution of ClNO2, Cl2 and ClOVOCs to the chlorine radical budget suggests that Cl2 can be a greater source of Cl than ClNO2, contributing 57 % of the Cl radicals produced on a sunny day. In contrast, on a cloudy day, this drops to 17 % as both the formation of Cl2 in the atmosphere and its decomposition by sunlight are inhibited. This results in ClNO2 making up the dominant fraction (68 %) on cloudy days as its concentrations are still high. As most ClOVOCs appear to require sunlight to form, they exhibit a similar dependence to Cl2 on sunlight, contributing between 15 %–24 % of the Cl radical budget observed here.
The importance of surface reflectance anisotropy for cloud and NO2 retrievals from GOME-2 and OMI
Authors: Lorente Alba , Boersma K. Folkert , Stammes Piet , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , Richter Andreas , Yu Huan , Kharbouche Said , Muller Jan-Peter
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The angular distribution of the light reflected by the Earth's surface influences top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance values. This surface reflectance anisotropy has implications for UV/Vis satellite retrievals of albedo, clouds, and trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These retrievals routinely assume the surface to reflect light isotropically. Here we show that cloud fractions retrieved from GOME-2A and OMI with the FRESCO and OMCLDO2 algorithms have an East-West bias of 10 % to 50 % over rugged terrain, and that this bias originates from the assumption of isotropic surface reflection. To interpret the across-track bias with the DAK radiative transfer model, we implement the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) from the Ross-Li semi-empirical model. Testing our implementation against state-of-art RTMs LIDORT and SCIATRAN, we find that simulated TOA reflectance generally agrees to within 1 %. By replacing the assumption of isotropic surface reflection in the cloud retrievals over vegetated scenes with scattering kernels and corresponding BRDF parameters from a daily, high-resolution database derived from 16 years' worth of MODIS measurements, the East-West bias in the retrieved cloud fractions largely vanishes. We conclude that across-track biases in cloud fractions can be explained by cloud algorithms not adequately accounting for the effects of surface reflectance anisotropy. The implications for NO2 air mass factor (AMF) calculations are substantial. Under moderately polluted NO2 and backscatter conditions, clear-sky AMFs are up to 20 % higher and cloud radiance fractions up to 40 % lower if surface anisotropic reflection is accounted for. The combined effect of these changes is that NO2 total AMFs increase by up to 30 % for backscatter geometries (and decrease by up to 35 % for forward scattering geometries), stronger than the effect of either contribution alone. In an unpolluted troposphere, surface BRDF effects on cloud fraction counteract (and largely cancel) the effect on the clear-sky AMF. Our results emphasize that surface reflectance anisotropy needs to be taken into account in a coherent manner for more realistic and accurate retrievals of clouds and NO2 from UV/Vis satellite sensors. These improvements will be beneficial for current sensors, in particular for the recently launched TROPOMI instrument with a high spatial resolution.
Differences in ozone retrieval in MIPAS channels A and AB: a spectroscopic issue
Authors: Glatthor Norbert , von Clarmann Thomas , Stiller Gabriele P. , Kiefer Michael , Laeng Alexandra , Dinelli Bianca M. , Wetzel Gerald , Orphal Johannes
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Discrepancies in ozone retrievals in MIPAS channels A (685–970 cm−1) and AB (1020–1170 cm−1) have been a long-standing problem in MIPAS data analysis, amounting to an inter-channel ozone bias (AB-A) of up to 8 % in the altitude range 30–40 km. We discuss various candidate explanations, among them forward model and retrieval algorithm errors, inter-channel calibration inconsistencies, and spectroscopic data inconsistencies. We show that forward modelling errors as well as errors in the retrieval algorithm can be ruled out as an explanation because the bias can be reproduced with an entirely independent retrieval algorithm (GEOFIT) relying on a different forward radiative transfer model. Instrumental and calibration issues can also be refuted as explanation because ozone retrievals based on balloon-borne measurements with a different instrument (MIPAS-B) and an independent level-1 data processing scheme produce a rather similar inter-channel bias. Thus spectroscopic inconsistencies are practically the only reason left. To further investigate this issue, we performed retrievals using various versions of the HITRAN spectroscopic database which, however, generally produce rather similar channel AB-A differences. Use of a different database, namely GEISA-2015, leads to similar results in channel AB, but to even higher ozone amounts for channel A retrievals, i.e. to a reversal of the bias. We show that the differences in MIPAS channel A retrievals result from about 13 % lower air-broadening coefficients of the strongest lines in the GEISA-2015 database. Since the errors in line intensity of the major lines used in MIPAS channels A and AB are reported to be considerably lower than the observed bias, we posit that a major part of the inter-channel differences can be attributed to inconsistent air-broadening coefficients as well. To corroborate this assumption we show some clearly inconsistent air-broadening coefficients in the HITRAN-2008 data base. The inter-band bias in retrieved ozone profiles can be reduced by, e.g., increasing the air-broadening coefficients of the lines in MIPAS band AB in the HITRAN-2008 database by 6–8 %.
Delineation of marine ecosystem zones in the northern Arabian Sea during winter
Authors: Shalin Saleem , Samuelsen Annette , Korosov Anton , Menon Nandini , Backeberg Björn C. , Pettersson Lasse H.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The spatial and temporal variability of marine autotrophic abundance,
expressed as chlorophyll concentration, is monitored from space and used to
delineate the surface signature of marine ecosystem zones with distinct
optical characteristics. An objective zoning method is presented and applied
to satellite-derived Chlorophyll a (Chl a) data from the northern Arabian
Sea (50–75∘ E and 15–30∘ N) during the winter months
(November–March). Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis
(CA) were used to statistically delineate the Chl a into zones with similar
surface distribution patterns and temporal variability. The PCA identifies
principal components of variability and the CA splits these into zones based
on similar characteristics. Based on the temporal variability of the Chl a
pattern within the study area, the statistical clustering revealed six
distinct ecological zones. The obtained zones are related to the Longhurst
provinces to evaluate how these compared to established ecological provinces.
The Chl a variability within each zone was then compared with the
variability of oceanic and atmospheric properties viz. mixed-layer depth
(MLD), wind speed, sea-surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically active
radiation (PAR), nitrate and dust optical thickness (DOT) as an indication of
atmospheric input of iron to the ocean. The analysis showed that in all
zones, peak values of Chl a coincided with low SST and deep MLD. The rate
of decrease in SST and the deepening of MLD are observed to trigger the algae
bloom events in the first four zones. Lagged cross-correlation analysis shows
that peak Chl a follows peak MLD and SST minima. The MLD time lag is
shorter than the SST lag by 8 days, indicating that the cool surface
conditions might have enhanced mixing, leading to increased primary
production in the study area. An analysis of monthly climatological nitrate values showed increased
concentrations associated with the deepening of the mixed layer. The input of
iron seems to be important in both the open-ocean and coastal areas of the
northern and north-western parts of the northern Arabian Sea, where the
seasonal variability of the Chl a pattern closely follows the variability
of iron deposition.
A model of mercury cycling and isotopic fractionation in the ocean
Authors: Archer David E. , Blum Joel D.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Mercury speciation and isotopic fractionation processes have been incorporated into the HAMOCC offline ocean tracer advection code. The model is fast enough to allow a wide exploration of the sensitivity of the Hg cycle in the oceans, and of human exposure to Hg via monomethyl-Hg incorporation into fish. Vertical particle transport of Hg appears to play a discernable role in setting present-day Hg distributions, which we surmise by the fact that in simulations without particle transport, the high present-day Hg deposition rate leads to an Hg maximum at the sea surface, rather than a subsurface maximum as observed. Hg particle transport has only a relatively small impact on anthropogenic Hg uptake, but it sequesters Hg deeper in the water column, so that excess Hg is retained in the model ocean for longer after anthropogenic Hg deposition is stopped. The concentration of monomethyl Hg is sensitive to its production rate, with model experiments suggesting that human impacts on ocean oxygen concentrations could have as significant an impact on oceanic MMHg concentration as the anthropogenic Hg emission itself. Eight different isotopic fractionation mechanisms are simulated, independently and combined together, to predict their expression in the spatial distributions of isotopic signatures of Hg species in the ocean.
The SUMup Dataset: Compiled measurements of surface mass balance components over ice sheets and sea ice with preliminary analysis over Greenland
Authors: Montgomery Lynn , Koenig Lora , Alexander Patrick
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric temperatures over ice cover affects surface processes including melt, snowfall and snow density. Here, we present the SUMup dataset, a standardized dataset of Arctic and Antarctic observations of surface mass balance components. The July 2017 SUMup dataset consists of three subdatasets, snow/firn density (doi:10.18739/A26D6F), snow accumulation on land ice (doi:10.18739/A2XX0V), and snow depth on sea ice (doi:10.18739/A22Q35), to monitor change and improve estimates of surface mass balance. The measurements in this dataset were compiled from field notes, papers, technical reports, and digital files. SUMup is a compiled, community-based dataset that can be and has been used to evaluate modeling efforts and remote sensing retrievals. Measurements in the dataset are sporadic in time and have spatial gaps, however, they likely constitute the largest set of field measurements compiled, standardized and publicly available. Analysis of the dataset shows that Greenland ice sheet density measurements in the top 1 m do not show a strong relationship with annual temperature. At Summit Station, Greenland accumulation and surface density measurements vary seasonally with lower values during summer months. The SUMup dataset is a dynamic, living dataset that will be updated and expanded for community use as new measurements are taken and new processes are discovered and quantified.
Thermodynamic Properties of Seawater, Ice and Humid Air:
TEOS-10, Before and Beyond
Authors: Feistel Rainer
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In the terrestrial climate system, water is a key player in the form of its different ambient phases of ice, liquid and vapour, admixed with sea salt in the ocean and with dry air in the atmosphere. For proper balances of climatic energy and entropy fluxes in models and observation, a highly accurate, consistent and comprehensive thermodynamic standard framework is requisite in geophysics and climate research. The new “Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater – 2010” (TEOS-10) constitutes such a standard for properties of water in its various manifestations in the hydrological cycle. TEOS-10 has been recommended internationally in 2009 by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) to replace the previous 1980 seawater standard, EOS-80, and in 2011 by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) “as the official description for the properties of seawater, of ice and of humid air”. This paper briefly reviews the development of TEOS-10, its novel axiomatic properties, new oceanographic tools it offers, and important tasks that still await solutions by ongoing research. Among the latter are new definitions and measurement standards for seawater salinity and pH, in order to establish their metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI), for the first time after a century of widespread use. Of similar climatological relevance is the development and recommendation of a uniform standard definition of atmospheric relative humidity that is unambiguous and rigorously based on physical principles.
Mediation as an Alternative of Criminal Case Resolution in Kosovo Juvenile Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Hajdari Azem
Published: March 2018

Mediation is a law institute which enables alternative resolution of a criminal case between the subjects of law outside of court. It may be applicable except in criminal proceedings in which are adjudicated adults perpetrators of criminal offences, also in juvenile criminal proceedings. Through application of this institute is aimed to help the parties (to minor and the injured party) to achieve the resolution of a criminal case in the most functional manner and in accordance with their best interests. The importance of mediation is diverse. It effects in reducing the number of court cases awaiting resolution, reducing public expenditures, raising the level of social responsibility, educating citizens with the feeling of seeking forgiveness and compensation of damage, as well as cooperation with criminal procedure bodies, eliminating cases of vigilantism etc. Mediation is constituted of numerous characteristics which make it a “sui generis” institute in criminal case resolution alternatives.Modest results of this scientific paper indicate that this institute in Kosovo courts and prosecutions concerning juvenile criminal proceedings is applicable in a very few cases. Causes of this situation may refer to the fact of not knowing the advantages of applying this institution by juvenile judges and prosecutors, but also due to the fact this institute has similarities with diversity measures, which are more preferred to be imposed against juveniles.
The National Clinical Skills Competition Promotes the Construction of a Comprehensive Training Program for Chinese Medical Students
Authors: Yang Jing , Huang Si-min , Lu Chun-ting , Feng Lie
Published: March 2018

To explore an efficient training program based on an analysis in organizing seven sessions for the National ClinicalSkills Competition in China. Each year, 6-12 excellent medical students of our university are selected as anobservation team. Comparisons of the teaching characteristics were performed in this study. An optimal curriculumimplementation, specific clinical teaching scenarios and evaluation methods were gradually obtained and improved.Teaching effects were satisfactory. Among seven sessions, the eighth session was the best. Curriculum constructionand training team building are formed synchronously through this National Clinical Skills Competition. Clinicalskills training should be designed and evaluated effectively in order to increase the comprehensive capacities ofmedical students.
Dissocial behaviors of young people in the Internet space. Pedagogical implications
Authors: Kolek Agnieszka
Published: March 2018

Dissocial behaviors (known as ’conduct disorders’) understood as asocial and antisocial attitudes no longer relate to the real world only. The phenomenon of persistent dissocial behaviors imbued with disapproval, accusation, exclusion, or aggression towards peers has been increasingly frequent on the Internet.
Researchers more and more often point to cyberbullying, grooming, griefing, trolling, and hate in the context of asocial phenomena marked with lack of empathy and disregard for norms and rules of social obligations. This article is an attempt to indicate and include selected areas of psychopathology into the field of media pedagogy research.
Avaliação de eficiência de estratégias de hedge para o risco de preço do café do Brasil com o uso de contratos da BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Souza Waldemar Antonio da Rocha de , Costa André Ricardo Reis , Cavalcante Tristão Sócrates Baptista , Zancan Claudio , Marques Pedro Valentim
Published: March 2018

Brazil is the world’s largest coffee producer and exporter. However the new prices and volatility scenario since the 2008 crisis and the increasing competition of new players entry have expressed the need for use of market mechanisms for managing price risk. Among the alternatives illustrated are the futures markets, in particular the coffee futures contracts at BMFBOVESPA, Brazil. Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of no hedge, simple (naïve) hedge, static and dynamic hedge calculated by GARCH-BEKK strategies in managing price risk in the leading Brazilian coffee producing regions. The efficiencies of static and dynamic hedging strategies were superior to the other, although the latter allows the calibration of intertemporal hedging rates, reducing operational costs. Also, the use of BMFBOVESPA coffee futures contracts for hedging might increase market liquidity, enabling various operational alternatives design.
The laryngeal tie-forward procedure to alleviate aspiration of feed caused by hypoplasia of the soft palate of an adult mare
Authors: Castro José R , Schumacher Jim
Published: March 2018

Background

An adult mare, presented to the University of Tennessee’s Veterinary MedicalCenter because of chronic, persistent coughing and abnormal respiratory noise,was found, during endoscopic examination of its nasopharynx and larynx, to havehypoplasia of the caudal fourth of its soft palate and an aryepiglottic fold entrapment.The mare had developed chronic discharge of feed from the nares after the aryepiglotticfold entrapment was relieved with a laser, using endoscopic guidance.

Methods

The mare received a laryngeal tie forward procedure to ameliorate discharge of feedfrom the nares by decreasing the gap between the apex of the epiglottis and thesoft palate.

Results

The distance between the epiglottis and the soft palate appeared to have beenreduced during endoscopic examination of the nasopharynx, and the horse nolonger experienced discharge of feed from the nares or persistent coughing. Thehorse continued to produce abnormal respiratory noise but was able to be usedfor trail riding.

Discussion

The tie-forward procedure should be considered as a treatment to ameliorate signs of hypoplastic soft palate in horses, if the palatal defect is short.
Customer satisfaction with postal services in Serbia
Authors: Pavlović Marko , Bojičić Radica R , Ratković Milijanka C
Published: March 2018

Research question: This study examines users’ satisfaction with the postal service in Serbia using a questionnaire measurement. Motivation: the Post of Serbia operates both with private and business clients, with whom it has long-term relationships not only in terms of sending and receiving parcels, but also with new and modern services. Due to the growing competition on the market, the question arises how to place the Post of Serbia on the market in the future. Data: Primary data of postal services, new postal services, as well as a custom questionnaire for examining users’ attitude towards postal services intended for private clients. Tools: Method of survey, Descriptive statistics, Method of analysis and Content analysis. Findings: The satisfaction of users of postal services is an important element of the perseverance and development of the Post of Serbia. Contribution: Quality review of postal services in the opinion of the private users. Obtained gap between users satisfaction and needs and further directions in which the Post of Serbia should be developed according to the user’s opinion.