bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Magnesium Levels in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit and its Association with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score – A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Tiruvuri Medha Gayatri , Reddy K. Varsha , Pratik Merugu Satya , Alam Krishna Chaitanya
Published: November 2024

Background:

Magnesium deficiency has been reported in 20%–65% of patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. They have mortality rates 2–3 times higher and prolonged hospitalization compared with those who have normal serum Mg levels.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to study serum magnesium levels in patients admitted to ICU and its association with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 patients admitted to ICU. Detailed history, thorough physical examination, serum magnesium measurement, and routine investigations were performed. Based on serum magnesium levels, patients were divided into three groups: hypomagnesemia (<1.7 mg/dL), normomagnesemia (1.7–2.4 mg/dL), and hypermagnesemia (>2.4 mg/dL). SOFA score was calculated within 24 h of ICU admission.

Results:

Majority were male (65%). Majority were 41–60 years old (46%). Magnesium levels ranged from 1.0 mg/dL to 3.7 mg/dL, with a mean of 1.79 ± 0.59. The mean value of magnesium in the hypomagnesemia group was 1.225 ± 0.117, in the normomagnesemia group was 1.98 ± 0.2, and in the hypermagnesemia group was 2.96 ± 0.32. The mean SOFA score was significantly higher in patients with hypomagnesemia compared to patients with normomagnesemia and patients with hypermagnesemia (P < 0.05). The incidence of hypomagnesemia was 57.6% in patients with diabetes mellitus compared to 32.8% in those without diabetes. This difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). The odds of being diabetic in those with hypomagnesemia were 2.746 times more than those without hypomagnesemia.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the magnitude of magnesium disturbances on admission in critically ill patients admitted to ICU in the given settings. Hypomagnesemia is associated with a high SOFA score.
How Urban Design Science Can Reduce Stress: Current Understanding and Future Prospects
Authors: Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Kaczynski Andrew T. , Miyachi Motohiko , Maeda Seiji , Yasunaga Akitomo , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Park Hyuntae , Oka Koichiro
Published: November 2024

Urban design is the science (not art) of (re)building and (re)arranging the built environment to influence people’s behavior. It can influence stress through several physiological, psychological, and social mechanisms. This interdisciplinary article aims to offer a comprehensive framework on how urban design attributes affect stress through physiological responses. By concentrating on physiological responses, it provides a quantifiable and objective approach to exploring potential relationships between urban design and stress and associated health outcomes. This article presents a focused discussion of relevant literature that supports the development of the proposed framework. It also discusses current gaps and future directions on this topic. The proposed framework considers urban design science’s influence on stress through multiple physiological pathways such as endocrine and nervous responses. It suggests that certain urban design attributes, such as walkability and availability of green spaces, may be associated with influencing urban residents’ stress and mental health.
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Rhinosinusitis in Saudi Arabia: A National Systematic Review
Authors: AlRajhi Bassam , Alshammari Abdulmohsen Jameel , Alqam Rakan Abu , Al Dwehji Adnan , Alali Feryal Khalid , Aljadani Faisal Fahad , Khashab Ranad , Bamatraf Maha Salem , Sindi Mostafa Hatim M. , Almutairi Dakheelallah M.
Published: November 2024

Rhinosinusitis, a complex nasal disorder characterized by inflammation and various symptoms, significantly affects health and daily functioning. Despite the diverse population of Saudi Arabia, there is a noticeable lack of data on this condition. Recognizing this gap, this study aimed to conduct a national systematic review of the literature on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of rhinosinusitis in Saudi Arabia. We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals from inception to November 2023. We used the following search terms: (Rhinosinusitis OR Sinusitis) AND (Prevalence OR Clinical presentation OR Clinical manifestations) AND (Saudi Arabia). Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were also included. We focused on studies reporting the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of rhinosinusitis in Saudi Arabia. A total of 14 articles met our inclusion criteria. This review included articles from various cities in Saudi Arabia, published between 2007 and 2023. In total, 12,667 patients were included in this study. We extracted data on patient demographics, number of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis, number of patients without nasal polyposis, and number of patients with allergic fungal sinusitis. Associations with allergies were explored, along with details of how many patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and whether they experienced recurrence or revision surgery. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and CRS without nasal polyps were common. Treatment typically combines surgery with medical treatment. Varied occurrences and manifestations highlight geographic and ethnic influences and underscore genetic, environmental, and sociocultural factors.
A thresholding algorithm for Willmore-type flows via fourth-order linear parabolic equation
Authors: Ishii Katsuyuki , Kohsaka Yoshihito , Miyake Nobuhito , Sakakibara Koya
Published: November 2024

We propose a thresholding algorithm for Willmore-type flows in

\mathbb{R}^{N}

. This algorithm is constructed based on the asymptotic expansion of the solution to the initial value problem for a fourth-order linear parabolic partial differential equation whose initial data is the indicator function on the compact set

\Omega_{0}

. The main results of this paper demonstrate that the boundary

\partial\Omega(t)

of the new set

\Omega(t)

, generated by our algorithm, is included in

O(t)

-neighborhood of

\partial\Omega_{0}

for small

t>0

and that the normal velocity from

\partial\Omega_{0}

to

\partial\Omega(t)

is nearly equal to the

L^{2}

-gradient of Willmore-type energy for small

t>0

. Finally, numerical examples of planar curves governed by the Willmore flow are provided by using our thresholding algorithm.
Hochschild (Co)Homology and Applications
Authors: Keller Bernhard , Krause Henning , Lowen Wendy , Solotar Andrea
Published: November 2024

In 1945 Gerhard Hochschild published
On the cohomology groups of an associative algebra
in the
Annals of Mathematics
and thereby created what is now called Hochschild theory. The subject not only provides interesting homological invariants; it also serves as a link connecting algebra, topology, and geometry. The focus of the meeting was on recent developments, for instance in the study of singularities, deformations, and representations.
Applied Harmonic Analysis and Data Science
Authors: Daubechies Ingrid , Kutyniok Gitta , Rauhut Holger
Published: November 2024

Data science is a field of major importance for science and technology nowadays and poses a large variety of challenging mathematical questions. The area of applied harmonic analysis has a significant impact on such problems by providing methodologies both for theoretical questions and for a wide range of applications in machine learning, as well as in in signal and image processing. Building on the success of four previous workshops on applied harmonic analysis in 2012, 2015, 2018, 2021, this workshop focused on several exciting directions, such as mathematical theory of deep learning, phase-retrieval time-frequency analysis, and sampling on t-design curves, and discussed open problems in the field.
Arrangements, Matroids and Logarithmic Vector Fields
Authors: Abe Takuro , Denham Graham , Feichtner Eva Maria , Röhrle Gerhard
Published: November 2024

The focus of this workshop was on the ongoing interaction between geometric aspects of matroid theory with various directions in the study of hyperplane arrangements. A hyperplane arrangement is exactly a linear realization of a (loop-free, simple) matroid. While a matroid is a purely combinatorial object, though, an arrangement is associated with a range of algebraic and geometric constructions that connect closely with the combinatorics of matroids.The meeting brought together researchers involved with complementary angles on the subject, many of whom had not met before, so an important underlying objective was to make introductions between groups with overlapping interests in order to facilitate new collaborations and advances in the subject.
Melatonin-based priming of stem cells to alleviate oxidative stress
Authors: Haider Khawaja Husnain
Published: November 2024

Stem cell expansion in vitro and transplantation in the cytokine-rich proinflammatory milieu in the injured tissue generate immense oxidative stress that interferes with the cells’ survival, stemness, and repairability. Stem cell priming has gained popularity to overcome these issues. Given melatonin’s oxidative-scavenging properties, Gu et al have used periodontal ligament stem cells cultured under oxidative stress as an in vitro model to study the cytoprotective effects of melatonin. Our letter to the editor delves into melatonin-induced stem cell priming and the underlying molecular mechanism, focusing on the intriguing role of Yes-associated protein signaling in alleviating oxidative stress. We stress the importance of understanding the distinction between in vitro and in vivo oxidative stress conditions, a crucial aspect of stem cell research that invokes a sense of critical thinking in the readership. The study by Gu et al presents a novel approach to oxidative stress management, offering exciting possibilities for future research and applications.
Effect of Synthetic Fertilizer on Diazotrophic Bacteria in Secondary Forest and Oil Palm Soils in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Agustina Delia , Purnamasari Maria Indah , Karmawan Listya Utami , Suwanto Antonius
Published: November 2024

Soil microorganisms, especially diazotrophic bacteria, are vital for ecosystem sustainability, significantly contributing to nitrogen cycling and biodiversity conservation. Understanding the impact of different land-use practices on soil microorganisms, especially synthetic fertilizer addition, is essential for sustainable agriculture. This study compares soil properties, bacterial densities, and responses to fertilization in secondary forest soils and adjacent oil palm plantation soils located in PT Kerry Sawit Indonesia, Central Kalimantan. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using both secondary forest and oil palm plantation soils to evaluate the impacts of different synthetic fertilizers on nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soybean agronomic performance. Total soil bacteria and diazotrophic bacteria, essential for nitrogen fixation, were analyzed through microbiological assays and qPCR focusing on the nifH gene. Our findings show that oil palm plantation soils had higher levels of nitrogen, phosphate, and nitrate, while secondary forest soils had a higher abundance of diazotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, excessive nitrogen fertilization was found to reduce microbial density, negatively impacting plant sustainability, highlighting the importance of customized fertilizer management. The study highlights the intricate connections between land-use practices and microbial populations, providing valuable insights for balancing agricultural productivity with ecological sustainability.
Cloning and Optimized Expression of Bst DNA Polymerase from Geobacillus stearothermophillus in Escherichia coli BL21
Authors: Taufik Intan , Fanany Rizal , Manjaswari Agika , Pratama Fenryco
Published: November 2024

Bst DNA polymerase possesses strand displacement activity, enabling isothermal DNA amplification without requiring a thermal cycler. This enzyme is utilized in the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method, which offers advantages in speed and simplicity over Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The growing demand for Bst DNA polymerase highlights the need for cost-effective in-house production, as a commercial option is economically challenging. For that purpose, this study aims to construct and optimize the expression of Bst DNA polymerase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus in Escherichia coli. The expression constructs pET16b.BstHF vector was constructed using Gibson Assembly and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Optimal expression was achieved with 1 mM IPTG, induction at OD600 0.8 and 6-hour induction time. The purified enzyme was achieved with a protein yield of 2,175 mg/L culture and demonstrated effective polymerase activity for LAMP.
Oleuropein Protects against the Development of Kidneys Induced by Paracetamol in Albino Male Rats.
Authors: Ahmed Mejbel Elham , Subhi Noori Saif , Shakir Mahmood Adeeb , Riyadh Abdul Kareem Al-Hetty Hussein , Musleh Mohammed H.
Published: November 2024

Paracetamol treatment is considered one of the treatments used to relieve pain and antipyretic. Therefore, excessive doses and long-term use lead to organ toxicity. Paracetamol treatment is considered one of the treatments used to relieve pain and antipyretic. Therefore, excessive doses and long-term use lead to organ toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of Oleuropein extracted from olive leaves on the physiological and histological aspects induced by Paracetamol in a rat model. The methods used 25 albino Swiss rats randomly distributed into five groups with the same number. The unit of control is given normal saline. Paracetamol (750 mg/kg) was injected into the group once. In the treatment groups (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg). The Administration of Paracetamol's result significantly increased blood urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium levels, and their blood concentrations decreased with Oleuropein (P 0.05). In addition, Oleuropein extracted from olive leaves relieved some symptoms, including acute vascular congestion caused by a dose of Paracetamol. Compared with paracetamol treatment, there is an infiltration of inflammatory cells and severe nephrotoxicity in the tubules. According to this study, the Oleuropein extracted from olive leaves can be used to prevent kidney damage, and It is not recommended to give Paracetamol, which increases kidney disorders.
Balancing bleeding, thrombosis and myocardial injury: A call for balance and precision medicine for aspirin in neurosurgery
Authors: Niyogi Subhrashis Guha , Batta Akash , Mohan Bishav
Published: November 2024

Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy involves a delicate balancing of the risk of periprocedural blood loss with the cardiovascular and thrombotic risk to the patient. Due to the unique nature of neurosurgery, perioperative bleeding may have devastating consequences and cause major morbidity and mortality. The recommendation to discontinue aspirin prior to major neurosurgical procedures rests upon conventional practice, expert consensus with priority given to avoidance of any major bleed. On the contrary recent prospective data do not support the existence of additional bleeding risk in patients continuing aspirin compared to those who stop aspirin prior to procedure. Patients with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities are increasingly encountered in the operation theatre these days. In these patients, prevention of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is an important focus for perioperative risk reduction. Prolonged (≥ 7 days) cessation of antiplatelets is one of the most important predictors of MINS. This complicated milieu of risks and benefits highlights the difficulty of practicing evidence-based medicine and minimizing harm in patients on aspirin needing neurosurgery.
Thoughts on recent articles on cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Sunder Thirugnanasambandan
Published: November 2024

Comments were made on some thought-provoking articles, which included articles that dealt with cardiac arrest (CA). Two articles on CA elaborate on the role of automated compression devices to provide chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in “hostile” environments and on a predictive model in cases of out-of-hospital CA (OHCA). CPR after CA has been practiced for centuries, and the evolution until current modern-day practices are discussed. The delay in adopting efficient techniques of resuscitation by the medical community for decades is also touched upon. Both in-hospital and OHCA are discussed along with guidelines and strategies to improve outcomes. Areas of possible research in the future are mentioned.
Molecular and metabolic landscape of adenosine triphosphate-induced cell death in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xue-Mei , Zhang Hao-Long , Zhao Rui , Wang Yong , Zhang Hao-Ling , Song Zhi-Jing
Published: November 2024

The maintenance of intracellular and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels plays a pivotal role in cardiac function. In recent years, burgeoning attention has been directed towards ATP-induced cell death (AICD), revealing it as a distinct cellular demise pathway triggered by heightened extracellular ATP concentrations, distinguishing it from other forms of cell death such as apoptosis and necrosis. AICD is increasingly acknowledged as a critical mechanism mediating the pathogenesis and progression of various cardiovascular maladies, encompassing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and metabolic underpinnings of AICD in cardiac tissue holds promise for the prevention and amelioration of cardiovascular diseases. This review first elucidates the vital physiological roles of ATP in the cardiovascular system, subsequently delving into the intricate molecular mechanisms and metabolic signatures governing AICD. Furthermore, it addresses the potential therapeutic targets implicated in mitigating AICD for treating cardiovascular diseases, while also delineating the current constraints and future avenues for these innovative therapeutic targets, thereby furnishing novel insights and strategies for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disorders.
E-cigarettes and arterial health: A review of the link between vaping and atherosclerosis progression
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Li Vivian , Frasier Kelly , Herrick Grace , Scotto Tiffany , Rankin Erica
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have suggested an evolving understanding of the association between vaping, specifically electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, and the progression of atherosclerosis, a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease. Despite the prevailing perception of vaping as a safer alternative to traditional tobacco smoking, accumulating evidence suggests that the aerosols emitted by e-cigarettes contain harmful constituents that may promote endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia—key mechanisms implicated in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. While past research, including experimental studies and clinical investigations, has shed light on the potential cardiovascular risks associated with vaping, gaps in knowledge persist. Future research endeavors should focus on interpreting the long-term effects of vaping on atherosclerosis development and progression, exploring the impact of different e-cigarette formulations and user demographics, and identifying effective strategies for mitigating the cardiovascular consequences of vaping. By identifying and addressing these research gaps, we can enhance our understanding of the cardiovascular implications of vaping and inform evidence-based interventions and policies to safeguard public health.
Trends in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health scores in the Kailuan population from 2006 to 2011
Authors: Yu Yao , Zhang Zhao-Xu , Yin Su-Feng , Wu Shou-Ling , Liu Zun-Jing
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The American Heart Association defines cardiovascular health in terms of four behaviors (smoking, diet, physical activity, and body weight) and three factors (plasma glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure). By this definition, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors (ICHBF) is negatively correlated with all-cause mortality and risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignancy.

AIM

To investigate the changing trends of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health scores in the Kailuan study population from 2006 to 2011.

METHODS

The Kailuan population data from three health checkups held in 2006-2007, 2008-2009, and 2010-2011 were analyzed, and the constituent ratios of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health behaviors and factors at ideal, intermediate, and poor levels were calculated by using Huffman and Capewell method. Simultaneously, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health behavior and factor scores were calculated.

RESULTS

From 2006 to 2007, the proportion of people with ideal physical exercise, low salt diet, ideal body mass index, ideal total cholesterol level, no smoking, ideal blood sugar, and ideal blood pressure was 13.12%, 9.34%, 49.17%, 64.20%, 49.27%, 69.99%, and 20.55%, respectively, in men with a health score of 8.46, and 12.00%, 9.13%, 61.60%, 64.28%, 98.19%, 78.90% and 36.92% in women, with a score of 10.02. From 2008 to 2009, the proportion was 16.09%, 14.04%, 51.94%, 65.02%, 40.18%, 66.44%, and 17.04% in men, with a score of 8.18, and 16.860%, 17.360%, 64.010%, 67.433%, 98.220%, 76.370%, and 42.340% in women, with a score of 10.12. From 2010 to 2011, the proportion was 12.22%, 17.65%, 49.40%, 68.33%, 48.17%, 64.67%, and 14.68% in males, having a score of 8.21, while in females, the proportion was 11.83%, 18.09%, 49.40%, 67.85%, 98.82%, 74.52%, and 37.78%, with a score of 9.90.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health behaviors and factors is low in the Kailuan study population due to inadequate scores of relevant health metrics.
Nocturnal sentry duty and cardiometabolic characteristics in armed forces personnel
Authors: Lin Yen-Po , Hsu Yi-Chiung , Lin Ko-Huan , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Chu Chen-Chih , Lin Yen-Chen , Lin Gen-Min
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Sleep deprivation can lead to increased body weight and blood pressure (BP), but the latent effects of partial sleep deprivation related to required night sentry duties within a short-term period on cardiometabolic characteristic changes in military personnel are unclear.

AIM

To investigate the association between night sentry duty frequency in the past 3 months and cardiometabolic characteristics in armed forces personnel.

METHODS

A total of 867 armed forces personnel who were aged 18-39 years and did not take any antihypertensive medications in Taiwan in 2020 were included. The frequency of night sentry duty was self-reported via a questionnaire (average number of night sentry shifts per month for the past 3 months). Hemodynamic status was assessed via the resting BP and pulse rate (PR). Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Multivariable linear regression analyses of the associations between night sentry duties and PR, BP, and other metabolic syndrome (MetS) marker levels were performed, with adjustments for age, sex, substance use, body mass index and aerobic fitness. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the associations between night sentry duties and the prevalence of each MetS feature.

RESULTS

There was an association between night sentry duties and PR [standardized β (standard error) = 0.505 (0.223), P =0.02], whereas there was no association with systolic and diastolic BP. In addition, there was an inverse association between night sentry duties and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels [standardized β = -0.490 (0.213), P = 0.02], whereas there was no association with the other metabolic marker levels. Compared with personnel without night sentry duties, those with ≥ 1 night sentry shift/month had a greater risk of impaired fasting glucose (≥ 100 mg/dL) [odds ratio: 1.415 (confidence interval: 1.016-1.969)], whereas no associations with other MetS features were found.

CONCLUSION

Among military personnel, the burden of night sentry duty was positively associated with the resting PR but inversely associated with HDL-C levels. In addition, personnel with partial sleep deprivation may have a greater risk of impaired fasting glucose than those without partial sleep deprivation.
Nicorandil as a promising therapeutic option for ventricular arrhythmia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Bai Ling-Yu , Zhao Ming , Ma Kui-Ying
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Ventricular arrhythmia is a common type of arrhythmia observed in clinical practice. It is primarily characterized by premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Abnormal formation or transmission of cardiac electrical impulses in patients affects cardiac ejection function. It may present with symptoms such as palpitations, dyspnea, chest discomfort, and reduced exercise tolerance. In severe cases, ventricular arrhythmia can even lead to death. Therefore, prompt treatment is very much essential upon diagnosis. The symptoms did not improve after previous conventional drugs and electrical defibrillation treatment, but the ventricular arrhythmia was prevented after the addition of nicorandil.

CASE SUMMARY

A 75-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital because of intermittent chest tightness, shortness of breath for 10 days, and fainting once for 7 days. Combined with laboratory tests and auxiliary examination, the patient was tentatively diagnosed with coronary heart disease or arrhythmia-atrial fibrillation. After admission, the patient had intermittent ventricular arrhythmia, which was uncontrolled with lidocaine, defibrillation, and amiodarone. However, when she was treated with nicorandil, the ventricular arrhythmia stopped. Nicorandil mitigates the action potential duration by facilitating the opening of potassium ion channels, thereby regulating the likelihood of premature and delayed depolarization in two distinct phases and subsequently averting the onset of malignant ventricular arrhythmia. Nicorandil may inhibit ventricular arrhythmia by dilating coronary arteries, improving coronary microcirculation and reducing myocardial fibrosis.

CONCLUSION

Nicorandil is a drug with dual effects. It could be used as a new therapeutic option for inhibiting ventricular arrhythmias.
Comparative breakthrough: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells vs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in heart failure treatment
Authors: Li Peng
Published: November 2024

In this article, we evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) in the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction. MSCs have gained importance as living bio drug due to their regenerative potential, with BM-MSCs being the most extensively studied. However, UC-MSCs offer unique advantages, such as noninvasive collection and fewer ethical concerns. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes data from 13 randomized controlled trials, which included a total of 693 patients. Their study shows that UC-MSCs significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction by 5.08% at 6 months and 2.78% at 12 months compared with controls, while BM-MSCs showed no significant effect. Neither cell type showed significant changes in 6-minute walk distance. In addition, UC-MSCs and BM-MSCs had comparable safety profiles, with no significant differences in major adverse cardiac events, except for a lower rehospitalization rate observed with BM-MSCs. These results position UC-MSCs as a promising alternative in MSC-based therapies for cardiac disease, offering potential improvements in cardiac function while maintaining a favorable safety profile. Future research should focus on optimizing administration protocols and further exploring the long-term benefits and mechanisms of UC-MSCs in cardiac repair.
Collected Privately, Presented Publicly: The Collections of the Esterházy Princes and the Public in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Viskolcz Noémi
Published: November 2024

The Esterházys were the most important family of the Hungarian aristocracy, producing politicians, bishops, generals and a prime minister. Their collections, built up over centuries, were opened to the public as early as the nineteenth century, the first being a picture gallery in their palace in Vienna. This collection was sold to the Hungarian state in 1871 and is now the basis of the Museum of Fine Arts. After 1867, their most important historical objects were increasingly often loaned to the first historical exhibitions of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Budapest and Vienna. This raised the standard of these exhibitions, allowed experts and the public to become acquainted with objects from private collections in Hungary, and enabled the lenders to present the history and significance of their families in the context of the history of the country and the nation, in the spirit of social responsibility. This study uses historical sources to describe the process of object lending and the public presentation of private collections.
Leisure-time Physical Activity in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Population-based Community Sample
Authors: Watson Paul K. , Middleton James W. , Arora Mohit , De Oliveira Camila Quel , Heard Robert , Nunn Andrew , Geraghty Tim , Marshall Ruth , Davis Glen M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

To examine leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) volume in the Australian spinal cord injury (SCI) population while exploring its associations with sociodemographic and injury-related characteristics.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the Australian cohort of the International Spinal Cord Injury Survey. The study included 1579 participants aged 18 years or older with an SCI. Analyses included summary statistics, analysis of variance, and regression modelling.

Results:

Approximately 58% (n = 863) of participants reported some participation in LTPA. The average (SD) total LTPA per week was 333 (318) minutes. Males, younger people, traumatically injured individuals, participants with less time since their injury, and those who required less assistance to ambulate reported between 50% and 200% more engagement in LTPA than their counterparts. Only 204 (13%) participants were compliant with the current SCI-specific physical activity guidelines for fitness improvement. Sociodemographic and injury-related characteristics explained a 2.9% variance for total LTPA, but the model was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

Participation in LTPA in the Australian SCI population was low, and not enough activity was performed at intensities that elicit healthful change. These data add to the growing body of LTPA and physical activity data for the global SCI population. The trends of physical inactivity are globally consistent. Some sociodemographic variables and injury-related characteristics influence the volume and type of LTPA performed, but their effect is mild. Urgent attention is warranted to improve LTPA volume globally.
International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: Case Examples Reinforcing Concepts from the 2019 Revision
Authors: Snider Brittany , Kirshblum Steven , Rupp Rüdiger , Schuld Christian , Biering-Sorensen Fin , Burns Stephen , Guest James , Jones Linda , Krassioukov Andrei , Rodriguez Gianna , Schmidt Read Mary , Tansey Keith , Walden Kristen
Published: November 2024

Background:

The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) is the most widely accepted system for characterizing sensorimotor impairments after spinal cord injury (SCI). There have been a number of ISNCSCI revisions, with the most recent edition published in 2019. Newer concepts, including the revised definitions of the zones of partial preservation (ZPPs) and documentation of non-SCI conditions, require training and practice for successful utilization. The International Standards Committee developed an ISNCSCI workbook of 26 practice cases, each with detailed explanations of the correct classification components. In this article, we present seven cases, which were selected from the workbook to reinforce the changes implemented in 2019.

Methods:

Hypothetical ISNCSCI cases were created to illustrate important classification rules, definitions, and nuances. All cases were reviewed by members of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) International Standards Committee, and if any discrepancies were identified, they were discussed until a consensus was reached. To confirm agreement, cases were also entered into online algorithms, which are compliant with the 2019 ISNCSCI revision. The seven cases in this article highlight newer classification concepts and include a discussion of key elements.

Cases:

Each case reinforces the revised definitions of the ZPPs, such as the applicability of sensory ZPPs in all injuries without sensory sacral sparing and applicability of motor ZPPs in all injuries without voluntary anal contraction (VAC). Non-SCI-related impairments and their impact on the classification are reviewed in Cases 4-7.

Conclusion:

The seven cases presented in this article feature key concepts from the 2019 ISNCSCI revision. These cases, as well as the full ISNCSCI workbook, can serve as valuable training tools to improve classification accuracy.
Nexus between Menstrual Hygiene Management Facilities and Primary School Girls’ Class Attendance in Uganda
Authors: Ayikoru Asiimwe Joyce , Musisi Fred , Opit Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Inadequate Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities has remained a daunting reality in majority of schools in low-income countries. In this study, the authors examined the availability of physical facilities for menstrual hygiene management, class attendance of girls from P.4 to P.7 and the relationship between the physical menstrual hygiene management facilities and class attendance of girls in primary schools. The paper was constructed from secondary datasets from the Eighth Uwezo Learning Assessment. A total of 954 schools were enlisted for the study. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and spearman rank correlation. Based on the findings, the study argues that promotion of girl child education through provision of WASH facilities unveiled both challenges and successful stories. While private rooms and functional hand washing facilities were limited in numbers, and in some cases not available at all, separate latrine stances were largely available. There were remarkable differences in the average girls’ attendance across regions and classes. Due to diverse relationships between menstrual hygiene facilities and class attendance, the study concludes that enhanced WASH facilities promote girls’ attendance while inadequate facilities hinder the attendance. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Sports should prioritize provision of adequate WASH facilities in primary schools. In addition, the government should ensure that interventions from development and/or education partners maximize the provision of quality WASH facilities for enhanced girls’ school attendance.
A Comparative Study on Quality Evaluation of Machine Translation Output—A Case Study of Baidu Translate and ChatGPT Translate
Authors: Wang Fang
Published: November 2024

Focusing on ChatGPT human-computer interaction-based translation, we analyze the characteristics of its translated texts and discover the gap between it and machine translation represented by Baidu Translate. By comparison, the similarities and differences between the translated texts by ChatGPT translate and Baidu translate have been identified. The research findings show that ChatGPT can provide multiple translations with varying translation styles. However, in terms of translation quality, ChatGPT still has room for improvement in accuracy, completeness, and consistency. ChatGPT’s human-computer interaction-based translation will bring new insights from the AI era to translation practitioners, translation learners, and technology developers.
A Genre-Based Quality Evaluation of Chinese-English Translation by Online Machine Translation Systems
Authors: Yang Qiong
Published: November 2024

The past decades have witnessed remarkable progress in machine translation (MT) quality, sparking a heated debate within and beyond academia about whether human translators will be replaced by MT systems. This case study conducts a genre-based manual quality evaluation of Chinese-to-English translations produced by Google Translate, Baidu Translate, Sogou Translate, Youdao Translate, and human translators. The findings reveal that the quality of online machine translation output remains incomparable to that of human translation across expressive, informative, and vocative genres. Sogou Translate excels in expressive and informative genres but requires significant improvements in fidelity and comprehensibility for expressive genres, as well as in fidelity and genre function reproducibility for informative genres. For vocative genres, the quality of online machine translation varies across the four evaluation criteria and necessitates targeted enhancements. Notably, Google Translate, despite its reputation as a leading machine translation system, lags behind others in reproducing genre-specific functions and ensuring comprehensibility. The study suggests that machine translation developers should leverage advanced AI language technology to develop an AI-assisted MT training system capable of interpreting nuances for more sophisticated translations.
An Exploration of the Pros and Cons of ChatGPT and Its Application in Translation Teaching
Authors: Zhang Junchi
Published: November 2024

In the era of rapid technological advancements, artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated into various aspects of our lives, including education. One of the most notable developments in AI is the emergence of large language models, such as ChatGPT, which has revolutionized the way people interact with machines and process language. ChatGPT is a powerful tool for both teachers and students in translation teaching classes. It has many advantages, such as high efficiency, vast linguistic resources, multi-turn dialogue ability, and multi-functionality. But as a program that keeps evolving, it is excellent, but at least for now, not perfect. It also has limitations such as unequal performance in different subject domains, possibilities of AI hallucination phenomenon, and unrelated answers. Both teachers and students should know its benefits and limitations, and how to use it effectively in their teaching and learning. Integration of it into translation teaching classes is elaborated in three stages, before class, during class, and after class. Implications for the improvement of translation teaching have also been discussed. Neither teachers nor students should rely on ChatGPT too much. Teachers and students have to think independently and judge whether the information is desirable. A correct understanding of the interaction between translation teaching and technology should be fostered. Hopefully, it can provide insights for teachers and researchers interested in leveraging AI to improve translation education.
Profiling Chinese Student Interpreters’ Usage Intention of ChatGPT-assisted Translation by Q Methodology
Authors: CUI Cui
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the Chinese student interpreters’ usage intention of ChatGPT-assisted translation with Q methodology. Guided by technology acceptance theory (TAM), the research aims to explore the usage intention profiles and consensus, as well as the differences between them. Q sort tasks were undertaken by 30 participants, and their commentary data was elicited to complement Q sort analysis. From the factor analysis, four factors were obtained, namely deeper-purpose seekers, big picture reflectors, deep understanders and coordinators. The distinguishing statements include the subject, technology, information and society elements. The article concludes with a discussion of the pedagogical implications of learning interpreting of university students.
On the application of structuralistic experimental procedures in construction grammatical analysis
Authors: CHISELIOV Victor
Published: November 2024

In this article the author points out that the insights of linguistic structuralism essentially formed the basis for the emergence of later currents in linguistic and scientific grammar. In addition, the representatives of linguistic structuralism have succeeded in significantly expanding the linguistic methodological inventory. The intensive use of experimental procedures such as substitution sample, replacement sample, omission sample and others has both enriched the methodological research inventory and marked the shift from empirical and diachronic to synchronic linguistic research. The experimental methods developed by the structuralists are also used in the newer linguistic currents, such as in the Construction Grammar in the construction-grammatical analysis.
BIOSENSORS IN THE MEAT CHAIN: FARM-TO-FORK CONTINUUM
Authors:   Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia, Nastasijevic Ivan , Mitrovic Radmila ,   Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia, Jankovic Sasa ,   Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: November 2024

The meat production chain is complex, stretching from farm-to-fork (F2F), composed of Pre-Harvest (feed, farm biosecurity, animal health status, animal welfare, transportation, livestock market/abattoir lairage), Harvest (slaughter, dressing, chilling) and Post-Harvest modules (deboning, meat processing, packaging, distribution, retail, consumer). Different biological and chemical hazards may enter the meat chain at multiple points. Therefore, early and accurate detection of food borne hazards in F2F is of utmost importance for taking actions and applying corrective measure to ensure food safety along the meat chain. Biosensors (sensing systems) can play an important role in providing real-time detection of meat borne pathogens and food contaminants (chemical residues) within F2F continuum and become part of the solution for food safety 4.0, a risk-based food safety management system based on cyber-physical systems, contributing to meat supply chain security and sustainable agri-food chain.
CHANGES IN SOME PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AFTER THERMOVINIFICATION IN CABERNET SAUVIGNON WINE
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia., Živković Nikolina , Čakar Uroš ,   University of Belgrade, Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbi, Petrović Aleksandar ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia.
Published: November 2024

To determine the effects of higher temperature on the extraction of some phenolic compounds during maceration, two different vinification techniques were used: thermovinification at 60°C and 80°C, as well as classic vinification (pigeage). The study focused on four different phenolic compounds (catechin, epicatechin, quercetin and trans-resveratrol). Based on these experiments, it can be concluded that thermovinification improves the phenolic content, at least for the compounds studied.
EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF FEEDING HI-PRO-VITE 781N-1 ON THE GROWTH OF GOLDEN FISH (Cyprinus carpio) IN THE GOLDEN FISH BREEDING CENTER OF TOMONAMO IN LETEFOHO VILLAGE SUB DISTRICT SAME, MUNCIPLAITY OF MAUNUFAHI, TIMOR-LESTE
Authors: Salvador Mateus , Belo Cecilio Alves da Costa , Najamuddin Najamuddin , Soares Domingos , Magno Marito
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the frequency of artificial feeding Hi-Pro-Vite 781N-1 on the effective growth of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) in Timor Leste, Timor. The study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications, in which the conditions of the test unit are carried out according to randomization for all test units. The results of the research conducted for eight weeks (56 days) regarding the frequency for artificial feeding hi-pro-vite 780N-1 were: water temperature, water oxygen, sin water, and total dissolved solids (TDS) of 42.4 ppm, and the results of water quality measurements once a week in the morning (08.00 WIB), on average (20.00 htl) and in the afternoon (05.00) for 8 weeks (58 days). The results obtained during the research week (65 days) fresh at water temperature with a value of 20.2 oC with water oxygen 2.89 pmm, water content 8.3 pmm and TDS 42.4 pmm are indeed a good tolerance for the growth of carp fry (Cyprinus caprio). The behavioral impact of feeding frequency on carp growth and health is explored to refine feeding practices that promote well-being alongside growth. The findings could benefit feed manufacturers and aquaculture stakeholders by informing product development and feeding strategies tailored to maximize growth in carp, contributing to sustainable aquaculture practices. This study offers practical guidance for optimizing feeding practices to enhance growth efficiency, which is crucial for improving fish yield and farm productivity.
A Green Economy Model for India: Technical Summary of Methods and Data Used
Authors: Golechha Arpan , Raman Anisha , Srivastava Aman , Bassi Andrea M. , Pallaske Georg
Published: November 2024

The green economy model for India is a system dynamics model that has been customized to the national context in the structure of the model and input data. It also takes into account the key priorities for the country, incorporating primary and allied sectors affecting climate change at the national level. The model has been developed jointly by World Resources Institute India and KnowlEdge Srl (Switzerland); it is based on a Green Economy Model (GEM) published by Andrea M. Bassi (Bassi 2015). The GEM has also been used in other countries to explore low-carbon development pathways; the model is customized to the context in which it is applied. The model is intended to provide tools for making informed policy decisions that would take India to a low-carbon development pathway. This technical note focuses on the structure of the model, the motivation behind developing it, and the data and assumptions accompanying it.
Tarihte Pers-Makedon Mücadelesi: Granikos, İssos ve Gaugamela Savaşları
Authors: serhad sezer deniz
Published: November 2024

Pers-Makedon savaşları tarihsel açıdan özellikle Küçük Asya’nın ve Yakın Doğu’nun yaklaşık iki yüzyıldır devam eden yönetimin el değiştirdiği ve yeni kaderinin belirlendiği savaşlar olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Granikos Savaşı, Büyük İskender’e Küçük Asya’yı kazandıran; İssos Savaşı Yakın Doğu’nun kapısını açan; Gaugamela Savaşı ise Pers İmparatorluğunu fiilen bitirmesine neden olan gelişmelerdir. Bu savaşlarda; Persler, yapılan muharebelerde donanım ve disiplin açısından çok zayıf kalmış ve bu nedenle de büyük mağlubiyetler gelmiştir. Standart Pers askeri donanımında yakın dövüş için geliştirilmiş bir zırh olmayınca kol, boyun ve yüz yaralanmaları ölümcül seviyelerde oluşmuştur. Yine benzer şekilde hasırdan meydana gelen kalkanlar, Makedonların uzun mızraklarına karşı çok yetersiz kalarak bütün darbeyi piyadenin almasına yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle, rakipler arasında kıyaslanınca teçhizatlarda meydana gelen bu dengesizlik sonucunda da yenilgi kaçınılmaz son olmuştur. Bu makalede, Persler ve Makedonlar arasında yapılmış Granikos, İssos ve Gaugamela Savaşları’nın nedenleri, gelişim süreçleri ve sonuçları üzerinde durulmakla birlikte; Perslerin çöküş sürecini etkileyen askeri faktörler üzerinde bu savaşlar kapsamında analizler yapılmıştır.