bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress of Fluxgate Magnetic Sensors: Basic Research and Application
Authors: Wei Songrui , Liao Xiaoqi , Zhang Han , Pang Jianhua , Zhou Yan
Published: February 2021

Fluxgate magnetic sensors are especially important in detecting weak magnetic fields. The mechanism of a fluxgate magnetic sensor is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. The structure of a fluxgate magnetic sensor mainly consists of excitation windings, core and sensing windings, similar to the structure of a transformer. To date, they have been applied to many fields such as geophysics and astro-observations, wearable electronic devices and non-destructive testing. In this review, we report the recent progress in both the basic research and applications of fluxgate magnetic sensors, especially in the past two years. Regarding the basic research, we focus on the progress in lowering the noise, better calibration methods and increasing the sensitivity. Concerning applications, we introduce recent work about fluxgate magnetometers on spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, wearable electronic devices and defect detection in coiled tubing. Based on the above work, we hope that we can have a clearer prospect about the future research direction of fluxgate magnetic sensor.
A Machine Learning Processing Pipeline for Reliable Hand Gesture Classification of FMG Signals with Stochastic Variance
Authors: Asfour Mohammed , Menon Carlo , Jiang Xianta
Published: February 2021

ForceMyography (FMG) is an emerging competitor to surface ElectroMyography (sEMG) for hand gesture recognition. Most of the state-of-the-art research in this area explores different machine learning algorithms or feature engineering to improve hand gesture recognition performance. This paper proposes a novel signal processing pipeline employing a manifold learning method to produce a robust signal representation to boost hand gesture classifiers’ performance. We tested this approach on an FMG dataset collected from nine participants in 3 different data collection sessions with short delays between each. For each participant’s data, the proposed pipeline was applied, and then different classification algorithms were used to evaluate the effect of the pipeline compared to raw FMG signals in hand gesture classification. The results show that incorporating the proposed pipeline reduced variance within the same gesture data and notably maximized variance between different gestures, allowing improved robustness of hand gestures classification performance and consistency across time. On top of that, the pipeline improved the classification accuracy consistently regardless of different classifiers, gaining an average of 5% accuracy improvement.
Cooperative Localization Using Distance Measurements for Mobile Nodes
Authors: Li Wenchao , Jelfs Beth , Kealy Allison , Wang Xuezhi , Moran Bill
Published: February 2021

This paper considers the two-dimensional (2D) anchorless localization problem for sensor networks in global positioning system (GPS)-denied environments. We present an efficient method, based on the multidimensional scaling (MDS) algorithm, in order to estimate the positions of the nodes in the network using measurements of the inter-node distances. The proposed method takes advantage of the mobility of the nodes to address the location ambiguity problem, i.e., rotation and flip ambiguity, which arises in the anchorless MDS algorithm. Knowledge of the displacement of the moving node is used to produce an analytical solution for the noise-free case. Subsequently, a least squares estimator is presented for the noisy scenario and the associated closed-form solution derived. The simulations show that the proposed algorithm accurately and efficiently estimates the locations of nodes, outperforming alternative methods.
Physical Education in the Colonial Gold Coast: From a Civilizing Mission to “Useful Citizens”
Authors: Nicolas Claire
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses the transfer of Physical Education to the Gold Coast, focusing on its shifting role in producing ideal subjects and its relationship to the imperial politics of the mid-20th century. It explores the contradictory ways in which, in the Gold Coast (now Ghana), the training of young teachers in higher education institutions allowed for the transfer of British citizenship training codes into a colonial setting during the first half of the 20th century. It is focused on the conversation engaged between the Education Department of the Gold Coast and specialists in higher education institutions. The paper is based on archive material collected in the United Kingdom and Ghana.
Loading Recommendations for Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Local Endurance: A Re-Examination of the Repetition Continuum
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad J. , Grgic Jozo , Van Every Derrick W. , Plotkin Daniel L.
Published: February 2021

Loading recommendations for resistance training are typically prescribed along what has come to be known as the “repetition continuum”, which proposes that the number of repetitions performed at a given magnitude of load will result in specific adaptations. Specifically, the theory postulates that heavy load training optimizes increases maximal strength, moderate load training optimizes increases muscle hypertrophy, and low-load training optimizes increases local muscular endurance. However, despite the widespread acceptance of this theory, current research fails to support some of its underlying presumptions. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose a new paradigm whereby muscular adaptations can be obtained, and in some cases optimized, across a wide spectrum of loading zones. The nuances and implications of this paradigm are discussed herein.
Forever Young! Tintin’s Adventures as an Example of Physical Activity and Sport
Authors: García-Mas Alejandro , Olmedilla Aurelio , Laffage-Cosnier Sébastien , Cruz Jaume , Descamps Yann , Vivier Christian
Published: February 2021

Created by Hergé in 1929, Tintin is a truly successful publication, since these comic books have been translated into about a hundred languages and published throughout the world during the 20th century. Several studies have already been conducted on Tintin. However, the place and role of physical and sports activities practiced by this tireless journalist in the promotion of these highly sustainable activities have never been analyzed. Through both quantitative and qualitative analyses (descriptions, counts, frequencies and percentages), this work studies all the panels of the 23 albums of Tintin’s adventures dealing with any form of physical exercise or sport. The results indicate that the representation of physical and sporting activity in Tintin’s adventures remains steady and consistent from the first (1931) to the last book (1976). Thus, Hergé had never ceased to believe in the beneficial, physiological, psychological, moral and social effects of physical activity on his young, tireless hero. To summarize, the eternally youthful and perfectly fit, Tintin leads both his core band and occasional characters and may serve as a role model influencing young 20th century readers toward the benefits of an active lifestyle.
An Efficient and Robust Current Control for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Power System
Authors: Silaa Mohammed Yousri , Derbeli Mohamed , Barambones Oscar , Napole Cristian , Cheknane Ali , Gonzalez De Durana José María
Published: February 2021

Taking into account the restricted ability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to generate energy, it is compulsory to present techniques, in which an efficient operating power can be achieved. In many applications, the PEMFC is usually coupled with a high step-up DC-DC power converter which not only provides efficient power conversion, but also offers highly regulated output voltage. Due to the no-linearity of the PEMFC power systems, the application of conventional linear controllers such as proportional-integral (PI) did not succeed to drive the system to operate precisely in an adequate power point. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust non-linear integral fast terminal sliding mode control (IFTSMC) aiming to improve the power quality generated by the PEMFC; besides, a digital filter is designed and implemented to smooth the signals from the chattering effect of the IFTSMC. The stability proof of the IFTSMC is demonstrated via Lyapunov analysis. The proposed control scheme is designed for an experimental closed-loop system which consisted of a Heliocentric hy-Expert™ FC-50W, MicroLabBox dSPACE DS1202, step-up DC-DC power converter and programmable DC power supplies. Comparative results with the PI controller indicate that a reduction of 96% in the response time could be achieved using the suggested algorithm; where, up to more than 91% of the chattering phenomenon could be eliminated via the application of the digital filter.
Environmental Policy Making in Supply Chains under Ambiguity and Competition: A Fuzzy Stackelberg Game Approach
Authors: Rahimi Mina , Hafezalkotob Ashkan , Asian Sobhan , Martínez Luis
Published: February 2021

Despite the substantial efforts of governments in promoting sustainable development, there exists considerable debate regarding the environmental policy making approach under information ambiguity and competition. This study investigates market competition between a green and a non-green supply chain (SC) under two government regulation policies, namely, selling price and production quantities. To tackle the policy making challenges, a fuzzy game theoretical model was employed in a centralized and decentralized SC setting. The results revealed that SCs always achieve a higher expected profit under a decentralized structure, regardless of the type of the governments intervention policy. Also, the government’s policy making success was found to be highly dependent on the channel leadership, market competition, and the SC structure. Our findings suggest that the policy makers’ objectives in reducing environmental pollution and increasing revenue are highly achievable, without risk of losing channel coordination and maximum level of efficiency.
A Multi-Criteria Approach for Assessing the Economic Resilience of Agriculture: The Case of Lithuania
Authors: Volkov Artiom , Žičkienė Agnė , Morkunas Mangirdas , Baležentis Tomas , Ribašauskienė Erika , Streimikiene Dalia
Published: February 2021

This study presents an innovative approach to measuring economic resilience at a sectoral level. The notion of economic resilience is explored through the lens of levels of resilience of the main functions of a researched economic sector. The overall level of sectoral economic resilience is seen as a weighted sum of resilience indexes related to its main economic functions. Such a comprehensive approach is universal, as it allows to measure economic resilience of various economic sectors. For the empirical application, the agricultural sector of Lithuania was selected for analysis of resilience. The results revealed that the overall level of resilience declined in Lithuanian agricultural sector during 2012–2019. Such a persistent trend may pose an increasing risk for food security in Lithuania in the future. The most evident negative changes in the economic resilience levels are observed in terms of economic viability of farms. The most robust levels of economic resilience are indicated in the sense of ability to provide local food at affordable prices.
Seafood Waste Management Status in Bangladesh and Potential for Silage Production
Authors: Islam Md Jakiul , Peñarubia Omar Riego
Published: February 2021

Frozen shrimp and fish are the second most valuable export items from Bangladesh. Thus, in processing industries, a considerable amount of seafood waste is produced every year. Neglecting seafood waste leads to serious forms of wastage. The purpose of this survey-based study was to estimate the amount of seafood waste produced and understand the existing waste management practices in Bangladesh. Potential for seafood waste-based silage production and its utilization were also studied. Across the seafood industry, around 43,321 tons of seafood waste are produced every year. The highest amount of seafood waste is produced in Khulna, followed by Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Dhaka, and Sylhet. Local people consume a portion of fresh shrimp carapace and heads and gills of large fish. A portion of seafood waste is also used to feed aquaculture species. Moreover, parts of dried shrimp shells, appendages, and fish scales, air bladders, and fins are exported to some Asian countries. The prospect of fish silage production constitutes a promising new development for animal feed production in Bangladesh. The availability of waste materials from seafood processors and the demand from feed millers favor the conditions for silage production. However, in order for the seafood waste-based silage industry to flourish, the establishment of supply chains for seafood waste and end products (silage) is required. Studies on growth performance, muscle quality, and digestibility of animal feed with silage-based diets are required for farmed species.
Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Sources, Fates, Impacts and Microbial Degradation
Authors: Yang Huirong , Chen Guanglong , Wang Jun
Published: February 2021

The serious global microplastic pollution has attracted public concern in recent years. Microplastics are widely distributed in various environments and their pollution is already ubiquitous in the ocean system, which contributes to exponential concern in the past decade and different research areas. Due to their tiny size coupled with the various microbial communities in aquatic habitats capable of accumulating organic pollutants, abundant literature is available for assessing the negative impact of MPs on the physiology of marine organisms and eventually on the human health. This study summarizes the current literature on MPs in the marine environment to obtain a better knowledge about MP contamination. This review contains three sections: (1) sources and fates of MPs in the marine environment, (2) impacts of MPs on marine organisms, and (3) bacteria for the degradation of marine MPs. Some measures and efforts must be taken to solve the environmental problems caused by microplastics. The knowledge in this review will provide background information for marine microplastics studies and management strategies in future.
Applicability of a Three-Layer Model for the Dynamic Analysis of Ballasted Railway Tracks
Authors: Rodrigues André F. S. , Dimitrovová Zuzana
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the three-layer model of ballasted railway track with discrete supports is analyzed to access its applicability. The model is referred as the discrete support model and abbreviated by DSM. For calibration, a 3D finite element (FE) model is created and validated by experiments. Formulas available in the literature are analyzed and new formulas for identifying parameters of the DSM are derived and validated over the range of typical track properties. These formulas are determined by fitting the results of the DSM to the 3D FE model using metaheuristic optimization. In addition, the range of applicability of the DSM is established. The new formulas are presented as a simple computational engineering tool, allowing one to calculate all the data needed for the DSM by adopting the geometrical and basic mechanical properties of the track. It is demonstrated that the currently available formulas have to be adapted to include inertial effects of the dynamically activated part of the foundation and that the contribution of the shear stiffness, being determined by ballast and foundation properties, is essential. Based on this conclusion, all similar models that neglect the shear resistance of the model and inertial properties of the foundation are unable to reproduce the deflection shape of the rail in a general way.
EL VALOR DEL MUNICIPIO EN LA HISTORIA DE MÉXICO
Authors: Del Rivero-del Rivero José Alberto
Published: February 2021

Este articulo tiene como objetivo demostrar que la esfera municipal representa la base del federalismo mexicano y que, por ende, debe ser incluida normativamente como tal en el texto fundamental de México. Para dicha comprobación, fue necesario realizar un estudio cualitativo de la normatividad actual bajo la hermenéutica de las fuentes del Derecho (formales, reales e históricas) en relación a este tema, como parte del método de las ciencias jurídicas. Como resultado principal se obtuvo que es necesario realizar una reforma a la constitución mexicana a fin de incluir la esfera municipal dentro del federalismo. Esto sería congruente con el contexto en el que se originó el federalismo mexicano al ser el municipio (como organización territorial) y su ayuntamiento (como estructura de gobierno) entes previos a la transición posterior de las provincias españolas a los actuales estados y de su integración en una federación después de la Independencia de México.
Les enjeux des états modifiés de la conscience et de la cognition : limites passées et émergence de nouveaux paradigmes. Introduction au dossier
Authors: Dumas Guillaume , Fortier Martin , González Juan C.
Published: February 2021

Les auteurs présentent dans cet article les axes principaux d’un renouvellement et d’une redéfinition du paradigme classique des états modifiés de conscience (EMC). Après une brève introduction expliquant la genèse de ce numéro thématique, l’attention est portée sur quelques clarifications conceptuelles préalables à l’étude des EMC. Les auteurs suggèrent que l’altération de la conscience peut s’entendre en quatre sens distincts : altération du contenu, de la qualité, de la modalité et du niveau de la conscience. Plusieurs problèmes et défis méthodologiques qui se posent à l’étude scientifique et naturaliste des EMC sont ensuite examinés. Eu égard à la complexité de l’objet d’étude constitué par les EMC, les auteurs soulignent l’importance des approches intégratives – transdisciplinaires – et multidimensionnelles. Les articles du numéro thématique sont enfin introduits et mis en perspective.
Les altérations de la conscience dans l’hypnose : le cas du sentiment d’agentivité
Authors: Martin Jean-Rémy
Published: February 2021

Consciousness Modulations in Hypnosis : the Case of the Sense of Agency. The present work proposes an explanation of agency modulations in the context of hypnotic suggestions referred to as “ motor suggestions”. During motor suggestions, individuals are asked to imagine that a specific movement (e. g. raising the arm) will execute by itself. A feeling of passivity usually accompanies these suggested movements. The explanation we are proposing postulates two things. First, it assumes that motor suggestions generate a prior of passivity in the subject, which, in turn, produces specific sensory predictions. In particular, it predicts that sensory feedback (e. g. proprioceptive feedback) linked to the suggested movement should be associated with high precision (the inverse of variance), as in the case of a truly passive action. Second, it hypothesises that actual sensory feedback is associated with high precision owing to attentional modulations. Therefore, the matching between predicted and actual sensory signals leads to the feeling of passivity accompanying suggested movements.
Que vit le méditant ? Méthodes et enjeux d'une description micro-phénoménologique de l'expérience méditative
Authors: Petitmengin Claire , Beek Martijn van , Bitbol Michel , Nissou Jean-Michel , Roepstorff Andreas
Published: February 2021

Dans notre société où l'intérêt pour la méditation Bouddhiste connaît un engouement considérable, de nombreuses études sont maintenant menées sur les effets neurophysiologiques de la pratique méditative, et sur les corrélats neurophysiologiques des états méditatifs. Mais très peu d'études ont été conduites sur l'expérience de la pratique contemplative : ce que vit le méditant, instant après instant, aux différents stades de sa pratique, demeure presque invisible dans les sciences contemplatives contemporaines. Récemment, des méthodes d'entretien « micro-phénoménologiques » ont été développées pour nous aider à prendre conscience de notre expérience et à la décrire avec rigueur et précision. Cet article présente les résultats d''une étude pilote visant à appliquer ces méthodes à la description de l''expérience méditative. La première partie de l''article décrit ces méthodes et leur adaptation à l'étude de l'expérience méditative. La seconde partie fournit des descriptions microphénoménologiques de deux processus dont la pratique permet au méditant de prendre conscience : le processus de perte de contact avec la situation présente et de génération d'une scène virtuelle dans les épisodes de «dérive attentionnelle », et le processus d'émergence d'une pensée. La troisième partie met en évidence l'intérêt de telles descriptions pour les pratiquants et pour les instructeurs de méditation, définit le statut de ces résultats, et propose des pistes de recherche. Cet article ne décrit pas un état de conscience extraordinaire qui pourrait être induit par la pratique méditative, mais l'état de conscience modifié très ordinaire consistant à s'absenter de la situation présente pour s'absorber dans une situation virtuelle. Il propose une méthode permettant de produire une description « micro-phénoménologique » de la dynamique d'émergence et de résorption d'un état de conscience modifié.
« Le cours d’action : l’enaction et l’expérience ». Compte-rendu de l’ouvrage de Jacques Theureau, Toulouse, Octarès, 2015]
Authors: Azéma Guillaume
Published: February 2021

Décrire, comprendre, expliquer l’activité humaine reste une gageure. Animé par une passion de la connaissance et en défendant une interprétation particulière du paradigme enactif, l’auteur précise et enrichit ses pistes d’action. Il poursuit la construction d’une épistémologique et d’un existentialisme unifiés, mais non refermés sur eux-mêmes. Pas d’aboutissement ultime donc, mais valeur de l’inachèvement, de l’activité incessante d’un chemin s’inventant. Au fond, avec l’écriture de cet ouvrage encyclopédique et baroque, Jacques Theureau nous invite à participer à un dialogue, à une aventure périlleuse et jubilatoire, qui participe de ces antidotes à toute forme de sclérose de la recherche et, plus généralement, à toute forme de désespoir humain.
Prosodie, expérienciation, énaction
Authors: Auchlin Antoine
Published: February 2021

Dans cet article, je souhaite discuter la mesure dans laquelle la prosodie, ou mieux, les prosodies (suivant Firth 1948) contribuent de façon singulière et spécifique à l’énaction, à différents niveaux de clôture opérationnelle. D'un côté, les prosodies (accentuations et leurs localisations, mélodie et ses variations, débit, ...) sont liées à la parole dans l''échange de façon non-éliminable, contrairement à la gestuelle, par exemple. Entendre de la parole implique d'entendre des syllabes, leur hauteur, leur intensité, et leurs variations ; cela n''implique pas de voir un visage ou des gestes (la dépendance langagière des appariements prosodies-gestes n''est pas en cause). Dans Simon & Auchlin (2004) nous décrivions les timings, indépendants les uns des autres, de paramètres prosodiques comme l'amplitude mélodique, la hauteur, l'intensité, le débit : les deux ou trois premières syllabes d''un tour de parole informent sur le genre du locuteur -de la locutrice, son âge, son engagement dans ce qu'elle dit, l'importance pour elle de son propos ou son intention. Le sens de l'énoncé complet n'est obtenu que bien plus tard. Le premier flux d'informations (prosodiques) encadre en quelque sorte le second (linguistique), qui peut, à sa complétion, intégrer ou non les informations prosodiques présentées. D'un autre côté, il faut noter que l'une des dimensions prosodiques de base, le débit de parole (i. e. parole articulée et pauses) est à proprement parler une dimension partagée par le locuteur et son auditeur : on ne peut pas entendre plus lentement, ou plus rapidement ce que le locuteur articule. Certes, interpréter consiste entre autres à poser des hypothèses anticipatoires, mais leur déclenchement n’en repose pas moins sur le déploiement temporel de la chaîne syllabique. Ceci est vrai également de tout observateur – analyste de discours, pour autant qu''il énacte ce discours (qu'il « entre dedans »), se transposant en participant virtuel de l'interaction à décrire. S'inscrire dans le maillage temporel de la parole en est une condition nécessaire. Cela peut sembler d''une évidence triviale. De fait, cela n''a guère attiré l'attention des chercheurs jusqu'ici, à l'exception sans doute des interactionnistes (P. Auer, E. Couper-Kuhlen, F. Müller ; M. Selting ; J. Local, i. a.) qui décrivent avec minutie le jeu temporel des interactions verbales. Mais la posture théorique résolument descriptive de leur approche rejette toute conclusion théorique ou généralisation. Cette attitude leur demandant de décrire « objectivement » les événements de communication est contraire au positionnement phénoménologique d'une approche énactive, et à son inscription dans le paradigme du tournant épistémologique expérientialiste, tel qu''initié par Lakoff & Johnson (1980). Je présente quelques cas remarquables d’énaction prosodique de l'expérience de sens en cours. Je vise par-là à faire apparaître les contributions des prosodies aux processus dont ils alimentent la clôture opérationnelle
Origines du langage et hominisation dans la perspective du languaging
Authors: Raimondi Vincenzo
Published: February 2021

The Origins of Language : Hominization and Languaging. By laying the foundations of the conception of language in terms of languaging, the enactive and autopoietic approaches open a new framework to understand the emergence of the linguistic phenomenon in relation with hominization. However, this approach has not been sufficiently explored in the research field addressing the "origins of language", with a few exceptions (Andresen, 2014). The Theory of Natural Drift (Maturana & Varela, 1994 ; Varela et al., 1993 ; Maturana & Mpdozis, 2000) and the Theory of Developmental Systems (Oyama et al., 2001) can provide the ideal background to rethink the ecological conditions of the phylogenetic trajectory, as well as the role of conduct in the conservation of coordination through languaging as the privileged domain of interactions. In order to show its innovative contributions, I will first address the most controversial aspects of current Neo-Darwinian models (genetic determinism and adaptationism) that feed many hypotheses within this field. I will then introduce some lines of thought about the phylogenetic process. In particular, I will address some aspects of the anatomical and neurobiological evolution (encephalization, speech and brachiomanual articulation) on one hand, and the relational and social factor of human living on the other hand.
Entre je, jeu et jeux : écoute polysensorielle des langues pour une pédagogie énactive
Authors: Aden Joëlle , Aden Samuel
Published: February 2021

All Ears : Listening from Within and Without. A Polysensory Ëxperience of Language Perception for an Enactive Pedagogy. This article presents the design and analysis of a polysensory listening experience of different languages. Combining sensory design, phenomenology and language education, this research draws on the enaction paradigm. The objective of the authors is twofold : to understand the nature and structures of transmodal perception of unknown languages and to prepare a novel educational approach to sensory awareness to foreign languages. The article will explain the origin of the project as well as its theoretical framework and the foundations that dictated the aesthetic and didactic choices for the video used as a primer within the experiment. Finally, the authors share findings that suggest that inhabitual ways of listening to familiar and unfamiliar languages result in emotional filters as well as cognitive and attentional oscillations.
L’exaltation de la mémoire : une approche bergsonienne des expériences de mort imminente
Authors: Evrard Renaud
Published: February 2021

En 1896, dans son essai sur la relation du corps et de l’esprit, répondant au titre de Matière et mémoire, Bergson utilise l’étrange phénomène de la vision panoramique de la vie à l’appui de sa théorie des deux mémoires. Il développe à nouveau cet exemple dans son discours de président de la Society for Psychical Research en 1913 où il situe le déclencheur de cette exaltation de la mémoire non pas dans un simple déséquilibre sensori-moteur, mais dans une brusque démobilisation de «l’attention de l’espèce » . L’intérêt de Bergson pour ce phénomène est replacé, d’une part, dans le contexte scientifique de son époque et, d’autre part, dans sa théorie des deux mémoires. Puis nous prolongeons l’analyse bergsonienne à partir de données anciennes ou récentes portant plus largement sur les expériences de mort imminente. La vision panoramique de la vie et d’autres phénomènes associés sont intégrés dans une «expérience de la mémoire pure » ou «conscience désincorporée » , dans laquelle est observée une distanciation des relations entre l’esprit et le corps. Les phénomènes d’automatismes intelligents et les performances physiques et intellectuelles favorisant la survie – des aspects des EMI méconnus de Bergson – montrent que la conscience désincorporée se complète d’une «expérience de la perception pure » ou «conscience hyperincorporée » . Celle-ci rend compte d’un rapprochement ou focalisation dans les relations entre l’esprit et le corps, dans le but pratique de survivre lors d’une confrontation à une menace perçue comme mortelle. La combinaison des deux consciences procède donc d’une disjonction de processus habituellement intriqués, suivie d’une nouvelle jonction souvent problématique lorsque prend fin la perception de la menace vitale.
Significant Reduction of Interfacial Thermal Resistance and Phonon Scattering in Graphene/Polyimide Thermally Conductive Composite Films for Thermal Management
Authors: Ruan Kunpeng , Guo Yongqiang , Lu Chuyao , Shi Xuetao , Ma Tengbo , Zhang Yali , Kong Jie , Gu Junwei
Published: February 2021

The developing flexible electronic equipment are greatly affected by the rapid accumulation of heat, which is urgent to be solved by thermally conductive polymer composite films. However, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) and the phonon scattering at the interfaces are the main bottlenecks limiting the rapid and efficient improvement of thermal conductivity coefficients (

λ

) of the polymer composite films. Moreover, few researches were focused on characterizing ITR and phonon scattering in thermally conductive polymer composite films. In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was aminated (NH
2
-GO) and reduced (NH
2
-rGO), then NH
2
-rGO/polyimide (NH
2
-rGO/PI) thermally conductive composite films were fabricated. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to innovatively characterize phonon scattering and ITR at the interfaces in NH
2
-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films, revealing the interfacial thermal conduction mechanism, proving that the amination optimized the interfaces between NH
2
-rGO and PI, reduced phonon scattering and ITR, and ultimately improved the interfacial thermal conduction. The in-plane

λ

(

λ

∥

) and through-plane

λ

(

λ

⊥

) of 15 wt% NH
2
-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films at room temperature were, respectively, 7.13 W/mK and 0.74 W/mK, 8.2 times

λ

∥

(0.87 W/mK) and 3.5 times

λ

⊥

(0.21 W/mK) of pure PI film, also significantly higher than

λ

∥

(5.50 W/mK) and

λ

⊥

(0.62 W/mK) of 15 wt% rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films. Calculation based on the effective medium theory model proved that ITR was reduced via the amination of rGO. Infrared thermal imaging and finite element simulation showed that NH
2
-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films obtained excellent heat dissipation and efficient thermal management capabilities on the light-emitting diodes bulbs, 5G high-power chips, and other electronic equipment, which are easy to generate heat severely.
Policy Action Within Urban African Food Systems to Promote Healthy Food Consumption: A Realist Synthesis in Ghana and Kenya
Authors: Booth Andrew , Barnes Amy , Laar Amos , Akparibo Robert , Graham Fiona , Bash Kristin , Asiki Gershim , Holdsworth Michelle
Published: February 2021

Background: Obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs) are increasing throughout Africa, driven by urbanisation and changing food environments. Policy action has been limited - and influenced by high income countries. Socio-economic/political environments of African food systems must be considered in order to understand what policy might work to prevent NR-NCDs, for whom, and under what circumstances. Methods: A realist synthesis of five policy areas to support healthier food consumption in urban Africa: regulating trade/foreign investment; regulating health/nutrition claims/labels; setting composition standards for processed foods; restricting unhealthy food marketing; and school food policy. We drew upon Ghana and Kenya to contextualise the evidence base. Programme theories were generated by stakeholders in Ghana/Kenya. A two-stage search interrogated MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. Programme theories were tested and refined to produce a synthesised model. Results: The five policies operate through complex, inter-connected pathways moderated by global-, national- and local contexts. Consumers and the food environment interact to enable/disable food accessibility, affordability and availability. Consumer relationships with each other and retailers are important contextual influences, along with political/ economic interests, stakeholder alliances and globalized trade. Coherent laws/regulatory frameworks and government capacities are fundamental across all policies. The increasing importance of convenience is shaped by demographic and sociocultural drivers. Awareness of healthy diets mediates food consumption through comprehension, education, literacy and beliefs. Contextualised data (especially food composition data) and inter-sectoral collaboration are critical to policy implementation. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that coherent action across the five policy areas could positively influence the healthiness of food environments and consumption in urban Africa. However, drivers of (un)healthy food environments and consumption reflect the complex interplay of socio-economic and political drivers acting at diverse geographical levels. Stakeholders at local, national, and global levels have important, yet differing, roles to play in ensuring healthy food environments and consumption in urban Africa.
Major Thalassemia, Screening or Treatment: An Economic Evaluation Study in Iran
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Firooz , Ahmadi Batoul , Vahedi Sajad , Barzegari Saeed , Rajabi Abdolhalim
Published: February 2021

Background: Beta-thalassemia minor and thalassemia major are an autosomal recessive disease with hypochromic, microcytic anemia, and morbidities, Today, therapeutic advances have significantly improved the life expectancy of thalassemia major patients, but at the cost of financial toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the possibility of increasing the funding for thalassemia screening programs and comparing the cost-effectiveness of screening for thalassemia in the treatment of the patients. Methods: In this study, screening for thalassemia minor was compared with the treatment of thalassemia major patients. A decision tree model was used for analysis. A hospital database, supplemented with a review of published literature, was used to derive input parameters for the model. A lifetime study horizon was used and future costs and consequences were discounted at 3%. The approach of purchases of services was used to evaluate the screening test costs for patients with thalassemia major. Also, a bottom-up method was applied to estimate other screening and treatment costs. All the costs were calculated over one year. The number of gained quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was calculated using the EQ-5D questionnaire in the evaluated patients. Results: In this study, 26.97 births of patients with thalassemia major were prevented by screening techniques. On the other hand, total screening costs for patients with thalassemia major were estimated equal to US$ 879879, while the costs of preventing the birth of each thalassaemia major patient was US$ 32 624 by screening techniques. In comparison, the cost of managing a patient with thalassemia major is about US$ 136 532 per year. The life time QALYs for this is 11.8 QALYs. Results are presented using a societal perspective. Incremental cost per QALY gained with screening as compared with managing thalassaemia major was US$ 11 571. Conclusion: Screening is a long-term value for money intervention that is highly cost effective and its long-term clinical and economic benefits outweigh those of managing thalassaemia major patients.
Smart Waste Segregation and Monitoring System using IoT
Authors: V Sowndharya , P Savitha , S Hebziba Jeba Rani
Published: February 2021

The amount of waste has been increasing due to the increase in human population and urbanization. In cities, the overflowed bin creates an unhygienic environment. Thus degrades the environment, to overcome this situation “Automatic Waste Segregator” is developed to reduce to work for the ragpickers the wastes are segregated by the human beings which leads to health problems to the workers. The proposed system separates the waste into three categories namely wet, dry and metallic waste. This developed system is not only cost efficient also makes the waste management productive one. Each of the wastes are detected by the respective sensors and gets segregated inside the bins which is assigned to them the details of amount of waste disposal is updated in the server regularly.
Payment Tracking System
Authors: T Sakthi Sree , T.K.P. Rajagopal , S Ananthi Priya , M Ganesh , V Venkatesh , M Yogeshwaran
Published: February 2021

Payment Tracking System is a web-based application for tracking and managing the payments for various vendors. It provides a single point of contact that consolidates payment requests from the accounts department to the top management to deliver the supplier payments on time, using integrated best practices to manage operations and services. It offers integrated Transaction Management capabilities like Ledger view and Hold/Release Payments. It ensures visibility, insight, isolation and faster resolution of Payment related issues for any type of organization by providing the right information at the right time as required by the user. For both models, we design incentive resource allocation mechanisms to maximize the social welfare. Theoretically analysis shows that the proposed mechanisms are truthful for general monotonic pro?t functions and the worst-case performance on the social welfare are well-bounded within a constant factor of the optimal solution for linear pro?t functions. Simulation results also demonstrate that the performances of the proposed mechanisms are very close to the optimal solution, in terms of maximizing the social welfare.
An Affirmative Learning Techniques to Analyse the Crime Scene in Jewel Theft Murder
Authors: V Srinidhi , P Saranya , M Ashok
Published: February 2021

Jewel Theft murder has become a serious issue in today’s society as crime rates are increasing rapidly. Police Officials find it difficult to identify things that can accurately and efficiently analyze the growing volume of data due to longer duration of investigation process. Our main aim is to analyze the jewel theft murder occurred over the years 2014-2019 and find crime patterns to reduce the further occurrences. The outcome of our project is to predict the jewel theft murder at a much faster rate and thus reduces the crime rate.
IoT Based Cloud Agent System for Adult Health Care Monitoring
Authors: V Prasanna kumari , C Amutha
Published: February 2021

A continuous health monitoring system for patients with long term sickness and older age people in bed rest in-home or hospital. The system is developed to provide a solution for the problem by continuously monitor the patient's health using wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Machine learning. The system provides visual monitoring service through live video. The vital signs of the patient can be monitored such as temperature, humidity, pulse, breathing rate, etc. and provides the live monitoring using an MQTT mobile application and losant dashboard cloud server. From the collected data by using a machine learning algorithm like a random forest we can able to target the risk causing factors and rescues the patient immediately.
Plant derived secondary metabolites in cancer therapy: actions, applications, and future prospective of dietaryflavonol (quercetin)
Authors: Saravanan Krishnagowdu , Halka Jayachandran , Kowsalya Kumaresan , Arun Muthukrishnan
Published: February 2021

Higher plants are prominent sources for several bioactive chemical constituents (secondary metabolites) who include photochemical, flavoring agents, fragrant molecules, and food additives. According to WHO estimates, it has been reported that more than 80% of population in developing countries prefer these natural bioactive active compounds for their primary health requirement. At present, conventional chemotherapy is constrained due to the nonselective toxicity to human organs and their usage is limited now a days. In a recent survey, more than 60% of cancer patients have been preferring adjuvant phototherapy along with chemotherapy. Thus, photochemical are being widely used as anticancer agents to target specific pathological pathways underlying cancer with low toxic profiles and side effects. These photochemical are cost-effective and easily accessible to the public to treat cancer diseases. These bioactive photochemical are meticulously belongs to secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols.Among them, the flavonoids are polyphenolic substances, which are found in all parts of the plant such as flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, and bark. They possess high medicinal properties like being anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-malarial, antioxidant agents. Quercetin is major flavones associated with a profound antioxidant and medicinal property to prevent the oxidation of lipids in vitro and in vivo, and also exhibits direct proapoptotic effects on tumor cells. This compound has proven efficacy in targeting several cancer cells of breast, colon, prostate, ovarian, and lung tumor in vitro. The present review focuses on the effect of quercetin in cancer therapy.
A Study of Strength parameters of Structural Concrete Elements Using Foundry Sand
Authors: A Deiveegan , P.R Dhevasenaa
Published: February 2021

The over exploitation of non-renewable materials is becoming a threat and therefore it is necessary to seek the possibility of recycling them, once their durability is expired. The recycled materials can be used effectively in architectural and civil engineering fields. They can stand close to the concept of green concrete which is in compatible with the environment. Foundry sand from casting industries is a waste material which is dumped extensively and in this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the usage of this waste material in concrete. The constant depletion of sand beds at all major sources of availability is a major concern and thus efforts are taken in order to replace sand in construction activities. In this study, effect of foundry sand as fine aggregate replacement on the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of concrete with a mix proportion of 1: 1.28: 2.56: 0.45 was investigated at different limited curing periods (7 days and 28 days). The percentage of foundry sand used for replacement were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100% by weight of fine aggregate. Test showed impressive results, showing capability of foundry sand for being a component in concrete for imparting strength. Making concrete from recycled materials saves energy and conserves resources which lead to a safe sustainable environment.
Comparative Study on Mechanical Strength Properties of Concrete by Using Demolished Concrete Waste
Authors: K Sabarinathan , R Ashwathi
Published: February 2021

The growing environmental awareness and Construction waste, is increasing day by day which in turn makes the world in seeking for examining the characteristics of Construction waste and obtaining a solution by using its reliable segments such that it can be used as a raw material and Conservation the natural recourses like Coarse aggregate
IoT, an Emerging Technology for Next Generation Medical Devices in Support of Cardiac Health Care – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: K Pavithr , G Saravanan
Published: February 2021

Cardiac diseases are the major causes of death in both developed and developing nations. As per WHO, it is estimated around 17.9 million people died due to cardiovascular diseases which accounts for 31% of all global deaths every year. More than 75% deaths occur in middle and low income countries. Globally, the main reason for the fatality of cardiac patients is Stroke and Heart attack, secondly the unavailability of doctors and insufficiency of hospitals with proper infrastructure in remote areas. Around the world, only few cardiologists are available, especially in developing countries like India; around 64 million peoples are suffering from different types of cardiac diseases with just about 4000 cardiologist. The ratio between the availability of cardiologist and cardiac patients varies significantly, which leads to alternative measures to monitor the patients from their respective places to prevent the death. In recent days Internet of Things (IoT) is the most innovative technologies that revolutionize the health care sector by providing modern medical devices for diagnosing, monitoring and treating patients with several diseases. IoT help the people who are at higher risk of getting diseases and make them to live a healthy life. This review paper is aimed to explore the benefits, applications and challenges of IoT based medical devices which are designed to diagnose and monitor the cardiovascular diseases and also give an insight about the overwhelming superiority of IoT in solving the problems arising due to heart diseases by expanding the medical resources and its availability.
IOT Based Health Care System
Authors: D Kumar , S Ramkumar , R Rubini
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to design an IOT based architecture for health related issues such as Diabetics, Heart Monitoring system, to check body temperature, Pulse rate and kidney functioning. we are analyzing different methods and techniques used for healthcare monitoring system where doctor can continuously monitor the patient's condition. The Data obtained through sensors are uploaded to the Ethernet module which is an IOT connected device to cloud and collected data is accessed by Authorized person through internet. Also the patient history will be stored in the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from any corner of the world. If there is any sudden change in the health condition of the person who are using this health care system module, automatically the data of the patient will be uploaded to the concerned doctor, within few minutes user will get a prescription for his current situation. This will connect us with the doctors who are very far from us, and the immediate action will increase the health rate of people. This health care system will be most useful in rural and remote areas.