bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precipitation variability within an urban monitoring network in terms of microcanonical cascade generators
Authors: Licznar P. , De Michele C. , Adamowski W.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Understanding the variability of precipitation at small scales is fundamental in urban hydrology. Stochastic models of precipitation are required to feed hydrodynamic models with high resolution data, in order to obtain a probabilistic assessment of urban drainage networks. Microcanonical random cascades are considered here to represent precipitation time series collected in 25 gauges of a monitoring network in Warsaw, Poland. Breakdown coefficients (BDCs) are calculated separately for a hierarchy of subdaily timescales from 5 min (time resolution) to 1280 min, for all gauges. Strong deformations of BDC histograms in form of sharp peaks at small timescales are observed due to the truncation of precipitation depths recorded by gauges. Satisfactory smoothing of empirical BDC histograms is obtained statistically by a slight randomization of nonzero precipitation amounts. The scarce representation of BDCs at large timescales, due to the short period of observation, is solved by the introduction of an algorithm based on overlapping moving windows. BDC histograms are modeled by a 2N-B distribution, which combines two Normal (N) and one Beta (B) distribution. A clear evolution of the distribution from 2N-B at small timescales, to N-B at intermediate timescales, and finally to Beta distribution for large timescales is observed in all gauges. The performance of the microcanonical cascades is evaluated for the considered gauges. Synthetic time series are analyzed with respect to their intermittency and variability of intensity, and compared to observed series. BDC histograms, for each timescale, are compared among the 25 gauges in Warsaw, and with other gauges located in Poland and Germany. The cluster analysis is used to identify patterns of BDC histograms among analyzed set of gauges and timescales, as well as to detect outlier gauges.
Mesoscale numerical simulations of heavy nocturnal rainbands associated with coastal fronts in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Mazon J. , Pino D.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Three offshore rainbands associated with nocturnal coastal fronts formed near the Israeli coastline, the Gulf of Genoa and on the northeastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, are simulated using version 3.3 of the WRF-ARW mesoscale model in order to study the dynamics of the atmosphere in each case. The simulations show coastal fronts producing relatively high (in comparison with some other similar rainbands) 1 and 10 h accumulated precipitations that formed in the Mediterranean Basin. According to these simulations, the coastal fronts that formed near the Israeli coastline and over the Gulf of Genoa are quasi-stationary, while the one that formed on the northeastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula moves away from the coast. For the three events, we evaluate and intercompare some parameters related to convective triggering, deceleration induced by the cold pool in the upstream flow, and the blockage that the cold coastal front offers to the warmer maritime air mass.
Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores
Authors: Gfeller G. , Fischer H. , Bigler M. , Schüpbach S. , Leuenberger D. , Mini O.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The seasonal and annual representativeness of ionic aerosol proxies (among others, calcium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate) in various firn cores in the vicinity of the NEEM drill site in north-west Greenland have been assessed. Seasonal representativeness is very high as one core explains more than 60% of the variability within the area. The inter-annual representativeness, however, can be substantially lower (depending on the species) making replicate coring indispensable to derive the atmospheric variability of aerosol species. A single core at the NEEM site records only 30% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in some species, while five replicate cores are already needed to cover approximately 70% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in all species. The spatial representativeness is very high within 60 cm, rapidly decorrelates within 10 m but does not diminish further within 3 km. We attribute this to wind reworking of the snow pack leading to sastrugi formation. Due to the high resolution and seasonal representativeness of the records we can derive accurate seasonalities of the measured species for modern times as well as for pre-industrial times. Sodium and calcium show similar seasonality (peaking in February and March respectively) for modern and pre-industrial times, whereas ammonium and nitrate are influenced by anthropogenic activities. Nitrate and ammonium both peak in May during modern times, whereas during pre-industrial times ammonium peaked during July–August and nitrate during June–July.
The Rat Model in Microsurgery Education: Classical Exercises and New Horizons
Authors: Shurey Sandra , Akelina Yelena , Legagneux Josette , Malzone Gerardo , Jiga Lucian , Ghanem Ali Mahmoud
Published: May 2014

Microsurgery is a precise surgical skill that requires an extensive training period and the supervision of expert instructors. The classical training schemes in microsurgery have started with multiday experimental courses on the rat model. These courses have offered a low threat supervised high fidelity laboratory setting in which students can steadily and rapidly progress. This simulated environment allows students to make and recognise mistakes in microsurgery techniques and thus shifts any related risks of the early training period from the operating room to the lab. To achieve a high level of skill acquisition before beginning clinical practice, students are trained on a comprehensive set of exercises the rat model can uniquely provide, with progressive complexity as competency improves. This paper presents the utility of the classical rat model in three of the earliest microsurgery training centres and the new prospects that this versatile and expansive training model offers.
Research Priorities in Light of Current Trends in Microsurgical Training: Revalidation, Simulation, Cross-Training, and Standardisation
Authors: Nicholas Rebecca Spenser , Madada-Nyakauru Rudo N , Irri Renu Anita , Myers Simon Richard , Ghanem Ali Mahmoud
Published: May 2014

Plastic surgery training worldwide has seen a thorough restructuring over the past decade, with the introduction of formal training curricula and work-based assessment tools. Part of this process has been the introduction of revalidation and a greater use of simulation in training delivery. Simulation is an increasingly important tool for educators because it provides a way to reduce risks to both trainees and patients, whilst facilitating improved technical proficiency. Current microsurgery training interventions are often predicated on theories of skill acquisition and development that follow a 'practice makes perfect' model. Given the changing landscape of surgical training and advances in educational theories related to skill development, research is needed to assess the potential benefits of alternative models, particularly cross-training, a model now widely used in non-medical areas with significant benefits. Furthermore, with the proliferation of microsurgery training interventions and therefore diversity in length, cost, content and models used, appropriate standardisation will be an important factor to ensure that courses deliver consistent and effective training that achieves appropriate levels of competency. Key research requirements should be gathered and used in directing further research in these areas to achieve on-going improvement of microsurgery training.
Overexpression of KAI1 Protein in Diabetic Skin Tissues
Authors: Cho Moon Kyun , Kwon Sun Bum , Kim Chul Han , Lee Yoon-Jin , Nam Hae-Seon , Lee Sang-Han
Published: May 2014

Background Patients with diabetes mellitus often have a difficult life, suffering from foot ulceration or amputation. Diabetes is characterized by chronic inflammation, and one of the features of inflammation is hypoxia. Recently, it has been reported that KAI1 is a hypoxia target gene. There is no published research on hypoxia-related KAI1 protein levels in human diabetic skin. Therefore, we have investigated the expression of KAI1 protein in diabetic skin tissue in vivo.

Methods The expression of KAI1 protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 diabetic skin tissue samples and 6 normal skin samples. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to identify KAI1 expression.

Results The western blotting revealed significantly increased expression of the KAI1 protein in diabetic skin tissues as compared to normal skin tissues. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that KAI1 was expressed in all diabetic skin tissues with moderate-to-strong positivity and weakly expressed in normal skin tissues.

Conclusions Our data suggest that a high expression of the KAI1 protein can be observed in diabetic skin tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that KAI1 protein expression in diabetic skin tissues may be associated with chronic inflammatory states and hypoxia.
Delayed versus Delayed-Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Blinded Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcomes
Authors: Albino Frank P , Patel Ketan M , Smith Jesse R , Nahabedian Maurice Y
Published: May 2014

Background The technique of delayed-immediate breast reconstruction includes immediate insertion of a tissue expander, post-mastectomy radiation, followed by reconstruction. The aesthetic benefits of delayed-immediate reconstruction compared to delayed reconstruction are postulated but remain unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare aesthetic outcomes in patients following delayed and delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction.

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who underwent delayed or delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction by the senior author from 2005 to 2011. Postoperative photographs were used to evaluate aesthetic outcomes: skin quality, scar formation, superior pole contour, inferior pole contour, and overall aesthetic outcome. Ten non-biased reviewers assessed outcomes using a 5-point Likert scale. Fisher's Exact and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparative analysis.

Results Patient age and body mass index were similar between delayed (n=20) and delayed-immediate (n=20) cohorts (P>0.05). Skin and scar quality was rated significantly higher in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.74 vs. 3.05, P<0.001 and 3.41 vs. 2.79, P<0.001; respectively). Assessment of contour-related parameters, superior pole and inferior pole, found significantly improved outcomes in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.67 vs. 2.96, P<0.001 and 3.84 vs. 3.06, P<0.001; respectively). Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction had a significantly higher overall score compared to delayed breast reconstructions (3.84 vs. 2.94, P<0.001). Smoking and the time interval from radiation to reconstruction were found to affect aesthetic outcomes (P<0.05).

Conclusions Preservation of native mastectomy skin may allow for improved skin/scar quality, breast contour, and overall aesthetic outcomes following a delayed-immediate reconstructive algorithm as compared to delayed breast reconstruction.
Functional Reconstruction of a Combined Tendocutaneous Defect of the Achilles Using a Segmental Rectus Femoris Myofascial Construct: A Viable Alternative
Authors: DeFazio Michael Vincent , Han Kevin Dong , Evans Karen Kim
Published: May 2014

The composite anterolateral thigh flap with vascularized fascia lata has emerged as a workhorse at our institution for complex Achilles defects requiring both tendon and soft tissue reconstruction. Safe elevation of this flap, however, is occasionally challenged by absent or inadequate perforators supplying the anterolateral thigh. When discovered intraoperatively, alternative options derived from the same vascular network can be pursued. We present the case of a 74-year-old male who underwent composite Achilles defect reconstruction using a segmental rectus femoris myofascial free flap. Following graduated rehabilitation, postoperatively, the patient resumed full activity and was able to ambulate on his tip-toes. At 1-year follow-up, active total range of motion of the reconstructed ankle exceeded 85% of the unaffected side, and donor site morbidity was negligible. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and Short Form-36 scores improved by 78.8% and 28.8%, respectively, compared to preoperative baseline assessments. Based on our findings, we advocate for use of the combined rectus femoris myofascial free flap as a rescue option for reconstructing composite Achilles tendon/posterior leg defects in the setting of inadequate anterolateral thigh perforators. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe use of this flap for such an indication.
Organic Flexible Electronics for Innovative Applications in Electronic Skin
Authors: Liu Xukai , Li Haojie , Tao Minqin , Yu Yingying , Zhu Zijia , Wu Dongdong , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: July 2024

The emergence of cutting‐edge cross‐disciplines has motivated the rapid development of wearable technology and flexible electronics. The flexibility and tunable properties of organic materials enable organic flexible electronics to adapt to complex surface deformations and achieve sensitive detection of physiological signals. The cost‐effectiveness of organic materials in mass production offers additional possibilities for the practical and commercialization of e‐skin technology. However, how to ensure stability and long‐term reliability while maintaining a highly sensitive, flexible, and stretchable is a challenge for e‐skins. In this review, the research progress and development trend of e‐skin is systematically summarized, especially the latest breakthroughs and innovations in the frontier of organic flexible electronics, and systematically review the applications of e‐skin in sensors, physiological monitoring, and energy supply. In addition, the review further discusses the prospects and current challenges for the application of organic flexible electronics in e‐skin, which provides a one‐stop reference for the development of e‐skin.
Bionic Microstructure‐Inspired Dual‐Mode Flexible Sensor with Photothermal Effect for Ultrasensitive Temperature and Strain Monitoring
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Niu Yongzheng , Yin Zhihao , Wang Di , Liu Long , Tang Yongming , Li Xianghui , Zhang Yifang , Li Yu , Zhang Tianxu , Zhu Xiaowen , Xu Yiman , Zhang Ziwen , Ding Siwen , Wang Dandan , Yang Bing , Mai Zhihong , Hong Weiqiang , Xu Wenrui , Hong Qi , Zhao Yunong , Yan Feng , Wang Ming , Xing Guozhong
Published: July 2024

Flexible dual‐mode sensors play a pivotal role in information exchange between humans and the environment. However, achieving dual‐mode sensing encompassing both flexibility and stretchability, while accurately quantifying stimulus signals such as temperature, remains a significant challenge. This paper presents a novel flexible dual‐mode strain/temperature sensor (DMSTS) that utilizes graphite powder (GR)/polyaniline (PANI)/silicone rubber composites, inspired by the bionic microstructure of a centipede's foot. The DMSTS exhibits an exceptional strain detection range (≈177%), and a low limit of detection (0.5% strain). Regarding temperature sensing, the DMSTS demonstrates a positive temperature coefficient effect within the range of 25–90 °C, with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 10.3 within the 75–90 °C range. Leveraging the photothermal characteristics of GR and PANI, the DMSTS holds significant promise for applications in human motion detection, infrared imaging, and photothermal effects. When integrated into an intelligent sensing system, it enables dynamic noncontact temperature measurement, human micro‐expression detection, and motion joint monitoring. Additionally, by incorporating a flexible thermochromic film with color‐changing ink, the DMSTS transforms temperature detection into a visually intuitive operation. With its versatile dual‐mode sensing capabilities, the DMSTS exhibits substantial potential in the fields of wearable electronics and healthcare.
Ligand‐Tailored Divergence of Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclopropanols. Application to the Practical Synthesis of β‐Aminoketones and β‐Enaminones
Authors: Zavalinich Viktoryia A. , Elek Gábor Zoltán , Vailhé Pauline , Novikau Ilya , Syakhovich Vitaly , Kirillov Alexander M. , Lopp Margus , Masiuk Uladzimir S. , Kananovich Dzmitry G.
Published: July 2024

The aerobic ring‐opening oxidation of cyclopropanols catalyzed by copper complexes was systematically investigated, with a focus on the effect of nitrogen ligands on the distribution of oxidation products. This study led to the development of a new synthesis of β‐aminoketones and β‐enaminones from cyclopropanols, where product specificity is tuned through ligand and solvent selection. β‐Aminoketones were prepared in 34–99% yields by copper(II) acetate‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of cyclopropanols in the presence of nucleophilic secondary aliphatic amines. In contrast, bipyridine‐ligated copper catalysts resulted in the generation of β‐enaminones in 36–86% yields, presumably via the Kornblum‐DeLaMare rearrangement of intermediate 1,2‐dioxolanes.
The Thermodynamic‐Analysis‐Derived Structure Optimization on the Solar Thermal Localized Desalination and Water‐Treatments
Authors: Huang Yongchao , Li Heyu , Cao Yan
Published: July 2024

The solar thermal localization (STL) technology is promising and cost‐effective for desalination or wastewater treatments, but currently in an insufficient status on its structure optimization. This study emphasized the water‐cooled STL (WSTL) system and its step‐forward modifications, involving the air‐insulated WSTL (AWSTL) system and the vacuum WSTL (VWSTL) system, together with their thermodynamic modeling analysis on energy‐water conversions, heat‐mass transfers, and energy losses. Results indicated the best‐performing VWSTL mode can achieve a freshwater yield as high as 1.503 kg·m−2·h−1 at energy efficiency of 68.0% (the light intensity at 1500 W·m−2 indoor), and that of 4.31 kg·m−2·day−1 at energy efficiency of 47.5% (the 8‐h averaged solar light intensity at 769.7 W·m−2 outdoor per‐day) whose energy efficiency is exceeded all competitors in open literature. There likely is an improvement space in applying better evaporation materials.
Local Electric Field Accelerates Zn2+ Diffusion Kinetics for Zn‐V Battery
Authors: Liu Huibin , Hou Xiaohan , Fan Shiyuan , Cen Mingjun , Chen Zhuo , Chen Bin , Yuan Chen , Peng Wenchao , Li Yang , Fan Xiaobin
Published: July 2024

Vanadium‐based aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) exhibit significant potential for large‐scale energy storage applications, attributed to their inherent safety characteristics. Addressing the slow transport kinetics of divalent Zn2+ within the cathode lattice, thereby enhancing the rate capability and stability, is essential for the Zn‐V battery system. In this study, a local electric field (LEF) strategy is introduced to accelerate the Zn2+ diffusion by creating abundant oxygen vacancies (Ov) in V2O5. Comprehensive characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the formation of the Ov induced atomic‐level donor‐acceptor couple configuration, verify and visualize the LEF. The fabricated LEF‐enhanced vanadium oxide (LEF‐VO) exhibits exceptional rate capability, achieving 338.3 mA h g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1, and maintaining 66.4% of its capacity over a range from 0.2 to 20 A g−1. Furthermore, the influence of the LEF on expediting Zn2+ diffusion kinetics is elucidated, correlating to the electrical force. This novel LEF approach offers valuable insights for advancing high‐rate cathode materials.
Chinese consumers' preferences for imported beef products
Authors: Kang Qi , Carpio Carlos E. , Garcia Manuel , Wang Chenggang , Boonsaeng Tullaya , Hudson Darren
Published: July 2024

China's rapidly growing food market offers opportunities for foreign beef producers, thanks to its sizable population and increasing income levels. This study examined Chinese consumers' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for credence attributes of beef from the domestic market and other large exporting countries. Three beef cuts were considered: steak, brisket, and tongue. Data were collected from an online survey incorporating choice experiments (CEs) of 2016 consumers from China in 2021. Each respondent was presented with three beef alternatives that differed in price, country of origin, food safety, and production certifications, and also included a “no purchase” option. Chinese consumers' beef selections in the CEs were analyzed using a mixed logit model in WTP space. Results indicate that the type of cut does not influence Chinese consumers' evaluation of country of origin and credence attributes. Moreover, results show that Chinese consumers strongly prefer and are willing to pay more for domestic beef than imported beef. Beef from New Zealand had the highest WTP value among all the exporting countries, followed by Argentina, Australia, Canada, Uruguay, Brazil, and the United States. Also, enhanced food safety, Organic, and Green Food certifications had positive WTP values. The findings of this study offer evidence that Chinese consumers prefer safe and quality‐assured beef products. This information can be used by beef producers targeting the Chinese market to design production and marketing strategies.
Efficient Cu‐Based Mixed Oxides Catalyst for α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Lina , Yao Denghong , Wang Xue , Zhang Dong
Published: July 2024

A series of Cu‐based mixed oxides were prepared by calcinations of corresponding CuMgAl‐layered double hydroxides precursors at different temperatures with nominal Cu/Mg/Al ratios of 1 : 1 : 2(Cu‐LDH‐1), 1 : 2 : 1(Cu‐LDH‐2),1 : 1 : 1(Cu‐LDH‐3), and 2 : 1 : 1(Cu‐LDH‐4). The synthesized catalysts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), and N2 physisorption analysis techniques. All as‐obtained catalysts showed adequate catalytic performance for the α‐alkylation of ketones with alcohols through a hydrogen autotransfer mechanism. The catalyst CuMgAl‐I‐650 (obtained by calcining Cu‐LDH‐1 at 650 °C) displayed the highest activity and selectivity. Using this catalyst system, a wide range of branched ketones were synthesized in good to excellent isolated yields. Moreover, the catalyst CuMgAl‐I‐650 could be recycled and reutilized for four cycles without any significant loss of activity and selectivity. This study provides a very simple and inexpensive catalysis based on transition metals, which are in abundance on earth.
Multimorbidity measures associated with cognitive function among community‐dwelling older Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Shuojia , Chen Yilin , Xiong Lijiao , Jin Nana , Zhao Pengfei , Liang Zhen , Cheng Lixin , Kang Lin
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Older adults with multimorbidity are at high risk of cognitive impairment development. There is a lack of research on the associations between different multimorbidity measures and cognitive function among older Chinese adults living in the community.

METHODS

We used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2002 to 2018 and included data on dementia‐free participants aged ≥65 years. Multimorbidity measures included condition counts, multimorbidity patterns, and trajectories. The association of multimorbidity measures with cognitive function was examined by generalized estimating equation and linear and logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Among 14,093 participants at baseline, 43.2% had multimorbidity. Multimorbidity patterns were grouped into cancer‐inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and sensory patterns. Multimorbidity trajectories were classified as “onset‐condition,” “newly developing,” and “severe condition.” The Mini‐Mental State Examination scores were significantly lower for participants with more chronic conditions, with cancer‐inflammatory/cardiometabolic/sensory patterns, and with developing multimorbidity trajectories.

DISCUSSION

Condition counts, sensory pattern, cardiometabolic pattern, cancer‐inflammatory pattern, and multimorbidity developmental trajectories were prospectively associated with cognitive function.

Highlights

Elderly individuals with a higher number of chronic conditions were associated with lower MMSE scores in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data.

MMSE scores were significantly lower for participants with specific multimorbidity patterns.

Individuals with developing trajectories of multimorbidity were associated with lower MMSE scores and a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment.
Primary lateral sclerosis associated with PSEN1 Pro284Leu variant in a Colombian family: Clinical and neuropathological features
Authors: Acosta‐Uribe Juliana , Villegas‐Lanau Andrés , Vallejo Dionis , Ramírez‐Aguilar Laura , Solano Juan M. , Mejía‐Cupajita Bárbara , Aguillón David , Moreno Sonia , Méndez Luis G. , Baena Ana , Madrigal Lucía , Bocanegra Yamile , Quiroz Yakeel T. , García Gloria P. , Vasquez Daniel , Arbeláez Andrés , Lopera Francisco , Beach Thomas G. , Kosik Kenneth S. , White Charles L. , Giraldo‐Chica Margarita
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

This study investigates primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) as a rare manifestation of the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) NM_000021 c.851C > T p.Pro284Leu variant in three siblings of a Colombian family, outlining its clinical and neuropathological features and their relationship to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS

Data were gathered using clinical evaluations, next‐generation genetic sequencing, magnetic resonance imaging, biomarker analysis, and neuropathological examination.

RESULTS

Carriers of the PSEN1 Pro284Leu variant exhibited classic PLS symptoms, including unilateral onset and bulbar syndromes, along with cognitive decline. Neuropathology showed corticospinal tract degeneration without amyloid beta deposition in spinal white matter.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest an overlap between PLS and AD pathology in PSEN1 variant carriers. Results support considering PLS when diagnosing AD‐related motor syndromes and including PSEN1 evaluation when performing genetic testing for PLS. The study highlights the need for further research to clarify the PLS–AD relationship, informing future treatments and clinical trials.

Highlights

Pathogenic variants in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) can manifest as hereditary primary lateral sclerosis

PSEN1 Pro284Leu carriers present motor, cognitive, and behavioral alterations 

Cases had corticospinal tract microgliosis and severe Aβ pathology in motor cortex 

There was no evidence of amyloid deposition in the spinal cord white matter 

All the neuropathology images are available for online visualization 

Myelin pallor in the spinal cord is confined to the lateral corticospinal tracts
The utility of recruitment incentives in early Alzheimer's disease trials
Authors: Ritchie Marina , Witbracht Megan , Russ Eunji , Sajjadi S. Ahmad , Thai Gaby T. , Tam Steven , Gillen Daniel L. , Grill Joshua D.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Amid recent approvals, early Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains an active area of treatment development.

METHODS

We performed a conjoint experiment to compare preferences among 26 patients with mild cognitive impairment for four trial features including designs incorporating active aducanumab‐control (vs. placebo), returning tau positron emission tomography (PET) results (vs. no disclosure), remote study partner participation (vs. in person), and increased risk of brain swelling (vs. lower risk). We used a generalized estimating equation to model the utility of factor levels.

RESULTS

Returning tau PET results had the highest utility (est: 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13, 0.81; P = 0.007); remote study partner participation showed a similar trend (est: 0.29; 95% CI: −0.05, 0.63; P = 0.097). Trials with active‐controlled design (est: 0.01; 95% CI: −0.33, 0.35; P = 0.956) did not demonstrate utility and higher risk of brain swelling had negative utility (est: −0.64; 95% CI: −0.99, −0.30; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION

Returning additional biomarker results may increase willingness to enroll in early AD trials.

Highlights

We compared mild cognitive impairment participant preferences for four trial design features.

Returning tau positron emission tomography results had the highest utility.

Remote study partner participation showed a positive, albeit non‐significant, trend.

No utility was observed for an active aducanumab‐control design.
Strengthening an Intramolecular Non‐Classical Hydrogen Bond to Get in Shape for Binding
Authors: Varga Norbert , Smieško Martin , Jiang Xiaohua , Jakob Roman P. , Wagner Beatrice , Mühlethaler Tobias , Dätwyler Philipp , Zihlmann Pascal , Rabbani Said , Maier Timm , Schwardt Oliver , Ernst Beat
Published: July 2024

In this research article, we report on the strengthening of a non‐classical hydrogen bond (C−H⋅⋅⋅O) by introducing electron withdrawing groups at the carbon atom. The approach is demonstrated on the example of derivatives of the physiological E‐selectin ligand sialyl Lewisx (1, sLex). Its affinity is mainly due to a beneficial entropy term, which is predominantly caused by the pre‐organization of sLex in its binding conformation. We have shown, that among the elements responsible for the pre‐organization, the stabilization by a non‐classical hydrogen bond between the H−C5 of l‐fucose and the ring oxygen O5 of the neighboring d‐galactose moiety is essential and yields 7.4 kJ mol−1. This effect could be further strengthened by replacing l‐fucose by 6,6,6‐trifluoro‐l‐fucose leading to an improved non‐classical H‐bond of 14.9 kJ mol−1, i.e., an improved pre‐organization in the bioactive conformation. For a series of glycomimetics of sLex (1), this outcome could be confirmed by high field NMR‐shifts of the H−C5Fuc, by X‐ray diffraction analysis of glycomimetics co‐crystallized with E‐selectin as well as by isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, the electron‐withdrawing character of the CF3‐group beneficially influences the pharmacokinetic properties of sLex mimetics. Thus, acid‐stability, a prerequisite for gastrointestinal stability, could be substantially improved.
Photocatalytic Direct Para‐Selective C−H Amination of Benzyl Alcohols: Selectivity Independent of Side Substituents
Authors: Liu Donghan , Tu Ting , Zhang Tinglei , Nie Guihua , Liao Tianhui , Ren Shi‐Chao , Zhang Xinglong , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: July 2024

Aminoarenes are important molecules for broad applications in nearly all modern industries that involve chemicals. Direct and site‐selective C−H bond amination of arenes provides the most efficient and convenient method to prepare aminoarenes. A main challenge is to selectively install the amino group (or other functional groups) to the distal para‐carbon of arenes (especially multi‐substituted arenes) during the C−H bond functionalization events. Herein, we address this problem by designing a new strategy via a sequential radical dearomatization/radical amination/rearomatization process for para‐selective amination of benzyl alcohols. The para‐selectivity of our reaction is completely independent of the electronic and steric properties of the other substituents of the arene substrates. Aminoarenes with many substituents (up to full substitution) and diverse substitution patterns, including those difficult to synthesize previously, could be readily prepared using our protocols. Further exploration of the current strategy shall lead to other challenging C−H functionalization of arenes.
Matched Electron‐Transport Materials Enabling Efficient and Stable Perovskite Quantum‐Dot‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Jindi , Li Mingyang , Cai Bo , Ren Hongdan , Fan Wenxuan , Xu Leimeng , Yao Jisong , Wang Shalong , Song Jizhong
Published: July 2024

Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite quantum dots (QDs), abbreviated as P‐QLEDs have been regarded as significantly crucial emitters for lighting and displays. Efficient and stable P‐QLEDs still lack ideal electron transport materials (ETM), which could efficiently block hole, transport electron, reduce interface non‐radiative recombination and possess high thermal stability. Here, we report 2,4,6‐Tris(3′‐(pyridine‐3‐yl) biphenyl‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TmPPPyTz, 3P) with strong electron‐withdrawing moieties of pyridine and triazine to modulate the performance of P‐QLEDs. Compared with commonly used 1,3,5‐Tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBi), the pyridine in 3P have a strong interaction with perovskites, which can effectively suppress the interface non‐radiative recombination caused by the Pb2+ defects on the surface of QDs. In addition, 3P have deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) (enhancing hole‐blocking properties), matched lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and excellent electron mobility (enhancing electron transport properties), realizing the carrier balance and maximizing the exciton recombination. Furthermore, high thermal resistance of 3P obviously improves the stability of QDs under variable temperature, continuous UV illumination, and electric field excitation. Resultantly, the P‐QLEDs using the 3P as ETM achieved an outstanding performance with a champion EQE of 30.2 % and an operational lifetime T50 of 3220 hours at an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2, which is 151 % and about 11‐fold improvement compared to control devices (EQE=20 %, T50=297 hours), respectively. These results provide a new concept for constructing the efficient and stable P‐QLEDs from the perspective of selective ETM.
A General Copper‐Box System for the Asymmetric Arylative Functionalization of Benzylic, Propargylic or Allenylic Radicals
Authors: Wang Peng‐Zi , Zhang Zhihan , Jiang Min , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: July 2024

Radical‐involved arylative cross‐coupling reactions have recently emerged as an attractive strategy to access valuable aryl‐substituted motifs. However, there still exist several challenges such as limited scope of radical precursors/acceptors, and lack of general asymmetric catalytic systems, especially regarding the multicomponent variants. Herein, we reported a general copper‐Box system for asymmetric three‐component arylative radical cross‐coupling of vinylarenes and 1,3‐enynes, with oxime carbonates and aryl boronic acids. The reactions proceed under practical conditions in the absence or presence of visible‐light irradiation, affording chiral 1,1‐diarylalkanes, benzylic alkynes and allenes with good enantioselectivities. Mechanistic studies imply that the copper/Box complexes play a dual role in both radical generation and ensuing asymmetric cross‐coupling. In the cases of 1,3‐enynes, visible‐light irradiation could improve the activity of copper/Box complex toward the initial radical generation, enabling better efficiency match between radical formation and cross‐coupling.
Redox‐Triggered Debonding of Mussel‐Inspired Pressure Sensitive Adhesives: Improving Efficiency Through Functional Design
Authors: Neubert Tilmann J. , Walter Keven , Schröter Carolin , Guglielmotti Victoria , Hinrichs Karsten , Reinicke Stefan , Taden Andreas , Balasubramanian Kannan , Börner Hans G.
Published: July 2024

Debondable pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) promise access to recyclability in microelectronics in the transition toward a circular economy. Two PSAs were synthesized from a tetravalent thiol star‐polyester forming thiol‐catechol‐connectivities (TCC) with either the biorelated DiDopa‐bisquinone (BY*Q) or the fossil‐based bisquinone A (BQA). The PSAs enable debonding by oxidation of TCC‐catechols to quinones. The extent of debonding efficiency depends on the interaction modes, which are determined by the chemical structure differences of both TCC‐motifs. BY*Q‐TCC‐PSA debonds with exceptional loss of 99 % of its approx. 2 MPa shear strength in glass‐on‐glass junctions. For BQA‐TCC‐PSA, a debonding efficiency of only approx. 60 % was found, irrespective of its initial shear strength, which could be tuned up to approx. 7 MPa. The efficiency of debonding for BY*Q‐TCC‐PSA after TCC‐oxidation is linked to the loss of synergistic interactions without strongly affecting the bulk glue properties, outperforming the purely catechol‐based BQA‐analogue.
DNA cleaver with improved phosphatase and cytotoxic activity of a series of N2O‐based zinc(II) complexes
Authors: Mukherjee Deboshmita , Sarkar Kaushik , Bakibillah Md. , Reja Sahin , Ghosh Amlan Jyoti , Saha Tilak , Sanphui Palash , Das Rajesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Three new Zn(II) Schiff base complexes, [ZnLCl2] (1), [ZnLBr2] (2) and [ZnL(SCN)2] (3), have been synthesized by adding Zn(II) salts of chloride and bromide to a compartmental ligand with NNO donor prepared through the simple condensation of pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and a substituted aniline. The complexes have been identified using standard physicochemical methods, and their solid‐state structures have been determined through single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The phosphatase‐like activity of all three complexes has been investigated using 4‐NPP as the model substrate in a DMSO/water medium. Complex 1 exhibits the highest level of phosphatase activity. The reactivity trend shows that complex 1 > complex 2 > complex 3. A plausible mechanism and the causes underlying the activity trend have been explored through DFT study, ESI‐mass spectra and 31P experiments. Complex 1 shows promising potential for use in gene‐targeted therapeutics due to its remarkable performance in DNA digestion. The excellent DNA cleavage result of complex 1 has led to the investigation of its molecular docking interaction with the liver cancer 2 receptor to study its anti‐liver cancer activity. Furthermore, in vitro anticancer activity of complex 1 also shows excellent antiproliferative activity against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Firm commitments on climate change: Effects of science‐based targets on financial outcomes during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Ben‐Amar Walid , Comyns Breeda , Martinez Isabelle
Published: July 2024

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can offer a protective buffer helping firms avoid the worst economic effects in times of crisis. We extend the extant literature by considering whether firm substantive climate commitments are effective at protecting the firm from financial losses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We assess firm financial outcomes through (1) crash and post‐crash stock performance and (2) the severity of loss in the COVID‐19 stock market crash period. We identify substantive climate commitments as those carbon emission targets aligned with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), which links firm's carbon targets to commitments made under the Paris Agreement. Using a sample of 336 US‐based companies, our findings show that science‐based targets are positively related to crash‐period returns and negatively related to severity of loss. Among firms with science‐based targets, only those externally verified and approved by the SBTi are influential in buffering financial losses during a crisis.
Towards sustainability in the services industry: Does green top management support stimulate an organization's green operational performance? A moderated mediation model
Authors: Bourini Islam , Khassawneh Osama , Mohammad Tamara
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of green strategic alignment (GSA) and top management green support (TMGS) on green operational performance (GOP) within the UAE's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, focusing on the mediating role of proactive environmental strategy (PES) and the moderating effect of green psychological perception (GPP). Employing a quantitative approach through surveys, data were collected from employees at various ICT companies within the UAE who are directly involved in operations that pertain to environmental strategies. This method ensures a comprehensive understanding from those who engage daily with the company's green policies. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, the research provides empirical evidence on how strategic orientations and management support contribute to environmental sustainability. The findings reveal that both GSA and TMGS positively influence PES, which in turn enhances GOP. Furthermore, GPP significantly strengthens the relationship between PES and GOP, offering deeper insights into the dynamics of strategic management and sustainability in the services industry. This research is pioneering within the region, introducing empirical data on the synergy between management support and PESs, and it highlights the significant enhancement of operational performance through these combined efforts. This not only supports the theoretical frameworks but also provides actionable insights for firms aiming to enhance their green initiatives.
Dual enrollment and multilingual English learners: From equity gaps toward solutions
Authors: Andrews Owen Silverman , Linares Jessenia McCrary , Encarnación Tema , Butler Audra
Published: July 2024

Multilingual English learners (MELs) represent 10.4% of P‐12 students and are the fastest‐growing group of students in the United States. Another quickly growing student population are those dual enrolled (DE) in high schools and community colleges. DE increased 7% annually between 2002 and 2011, and increased by 11.5% from fall 2021 to fall 2022 to 1.4 million. However, MELs are less likely to participate in DE. Furthermore, there is scant research on the causes and impacts of this disparity. This lack of participation presents a problem of equity, systemic/strategic enrollment management, and socio‐economic outcomes of education. The authors review gaps, discuss a recent high school‐community college partnership that welcomes MELs into DE, and make recommendations for research, policy, and practice
From the field to the classroom: Exploring instructors’ motivation and the teacher identity in dual credit career and technical education programs
Authors: Davis Kimberly R. , Chen Yu April , Aviles Diana G.
Published: July 2024

Compared to other educators, career and technical education (CTE) instructors often possess significant industry knowledge but limited pedagogical skills. Some may define their jobs as role models or trainers for the next generation of professionals, rather than teachers. In this case study, we interviewed 12 CTE dual credit instructors at a CTE center offering CTE dual credit programs to all eligible high school students within an urban public school district located in the southeastern United States. Specifically, this study explored CTE instructors’ educational and professional trajectories, motivations to teach, and identification as teachers. We sought to understand how previous work experiences and other social contexts influenced the teacher identity of CTE dual credit instructors at The Center. Findings about teacher preparation and teacher identity can generate practical recommendations for recruiting and retaining highly competent instructors for CTE dual credit programs.
Benzofuran and Benzo[b]thiophene‐2‐Carboxamide Derivatives as Modulators of Amyloid Beta (Aβ42) Aggregation
Authors: Zhao Yusheng , Singh Kartar , Chowdary Karuturi Rahul , Hefny Ahmed A. , Shakeri Arash , Beazely Mike A. , Rao Praveen P. N.
Published: July 2024

A group of N‐phenylbenzofuran‐2‐carboxamide and N‐phenylbenzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as a novel class of Aβ42 aggregation modulators. In the thioflavin‐T based fluorescence aggregation kinetics study, compounds 4 a, 4 b, 5 a and 5 b possessing a methoxyphenol pharmacophore were able to demonstrate concentration dependent inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation with maximum inhibition of 54 % observed for compound 4 b. In contrast, incorporation of a 4‐methoxyphenyl ring in compounds 4 d and 5 d led to a significant increase in Aβ42 fibrillogenesis demonstrating their ability to accelerate Aβ42 aggregation. Compound 4 d exhibited 2.7‐fold increase in Aβ42 fibrillogenesis when tested at the maximum concentration of 25 μM. These results were further confirmed by electron microscopy studies which demonstrates the ability of compounds 4 a, 4 b, 4 d, 5 a, 5 b and 5 d to modulate Aβ42 fibrillogenesis. Compounds 5 a and 5 b provided significant neuroprotection to mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells against Aβ42‐induced cytotoxicity. Molecular docking studies suggest that the orientation of the bicyclic aromatic rings (either benzofuran or benzo[b]thiophene) plays a major role in moderating their ability to either inhibit or accelerate Aβ42 aggregation. Our findings support the application of these novel derivatives as pharmacological tools to study the mechanisms of Aβ42 aggregation.
Optimizing assessments of quality of life in contemporary prostate cancer clinical trials
Authors: Morgans Alicia K.
Published: July 2024

This editorial reviews the associations between quality of life (QOL) and prognosis in cancer clinical trials, and considers whether they may be different in the era of radioligand therapy. It also outlines novel approaches to QOL analysis that may enhance our ability to use patient‐reported outcomes in treatment decisions more effectively in the future.
Classification and Summary of Photocatalytic Chemical Reactions Driven by Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Authors: Yao Wen , Song Xiaojuan , Xue Lin , Liu Shanshan , Tang Linglong , Chen Yanli , Liu Heyuan , Li Xiyou
Published: July 2024

Triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) technology could convert low‐energy light into high‐energy light, and it is a very promising one of the upconversion technologies due to its non‐coherent excitation light, low required excitation optical power density and sensitizer/annihilator flexible adjustability. The application of TTA‐UC into photocatalysis could not only broaden the range of solar energy spectrum utilization, but also bring mild reaction conditions and higher product yields via avoiding the side reaction. However, the detailed catalytic mechanism of TTA‐UC is unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summarized and classified TTA‐UC photocatalytic chemical reactions in terms of mechanism.
An incoherent state‐identity approach to African regional disorder
Authors: Alexandre G. Teixeira Victor
Published: July 2024

In contrast to the conventional literature, which suggests that African disorder underlies religious factors, strategic resources, and ethnic conflicts, this paper offers an analytical account of structural patterns in “State identity.” A new concept model of state identity is proposed through a designed framework for the identity‐building process and is justified by social theories and psychoanalysis. This study argues that historical and traumatic social parameters formed an incoherent state identity due to an interruption in the group‐nation state evolutionary process. No existing study articulates the construction of a self‐identity within the state's integrative process, its development (or interruption thereof) in a sub‐categorical identity, and its causal relation to conflicts; hence, the current study fills that gap.