bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stress birefringence of optical plates
Authors: Liu Tiecheng , Hu Jingpei , Zhu Linglin , Zhou Ruyi , Zhang Chong , Gu Liyuan , Sun Xiaodong , Yu Jianfei , Zeng Aijun , Huang Huijie
Published: July 2020

Modeling the mechanical stress birefringence and slow-axis distributions of optical plates is critical for optical lithography systems. In this paper, the distributions of mechanical stress birefringence and the slow axes of optical plates were modeled by the finite element (FE) model, stress optic relations, and the ray-traced Jones matrices method. To validate this model, the load incremental approach was utilized to reduce the disturbance of residual birefringence in mechanical stress birefringence measurement. The measured distributions of birefringence and the slow axis of the optical plate show a good agreement with our numerical simulation results. This model provides a better understanding of simulation of mechanical stress birefringence and provides a reference for optical design and polarization analysis of other optical elements.
Velocity and size measurement of droplets from an ultrasonic spray coater using photon correlation spectroscopy and turbidimetry
Authors: Verding Pieter , Deferme Wim , Steffen Werner
Published: July 2020

We have developed a combination of light scattering techniques to study and characterize droplets of an ultrasonic spray coater in flight. For this economically relevant spray coater, there is so far no reliable technique to systematically adjust the experimental parameters. We have combined photon correlation spectroscopy and turbidimetry to determine the size and speed of the droplets depending on parameters of the printing process as shroud gas pressure, flow rate, and atomizing power. Our method will allow us to predetermine these parameters to control the properties of the coated films as, e.g., thickness from tens of nanometers to micrometers.
3D display by binary computer-generated holograms with localized random down-sampling and adaptive intensity accumulation
Authors: Liu Jung-Ping , Wu Ming-Hsuan , Tsang Peter W. M.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we proposed a new technique to realize a high-quality three-dimensional (3D) display by using binary holograms. First, we applied a localized random down-sampling (LRDS) mask to down-sample the object function and generated a binary CGH by direct sign-thresholding. Subsequently, we devised the display by adaptive intensity accumulation (AIA). In AIA, multiple CGHs of the same object are generated. However, selective sampling points of the same scene are removed according to the reconstructed image of previous binary CGHs as the second and more binary CGHs are generated. Finally, these holograms are sequentially displayed on a fast spatial light modulator, a digital micromirror device (DMD). Thus, a high-quality 3D image is reconstructed without artifacts and speckle noise.
Depolarization effect in light scattering of a single gold nanosphere
Authors: Xu Ya , Wang Zhong , Zhang Weihua
Published: July 2020

It is generally believed that the depolarization effect in light scattering of a nanostructure is mainly caused by its anisotropy, and in the case of an isotropic structure, e.g. a nanosphere, the depolarized signal will be too weak to be detected. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that even a totally symmetric Au nanosphere exhibits sophisticated depolarization effects. The scattering image is not only dependent on the detailed excitation-observation polarization configuration but also related to the numerical aperture of the observation system. The depolarization effect of a single gold nanosphere was also confirmed with a reflective polarized light microscope. This is contrary to the commonly used image interpretation theory in polarized light microscopy that the image contrast is solely caused by the anisotropy of the sample.
Design of ultra-small mode area all-dielectric waveguides exploiting the vectorial nature of light
Authors: Sakib Nazmus , Ryckman Judson D.
Published: July 2020

The wave nature and diffraction of light pose a significant bottleneck to the continued performance and efficiency scaling of a wide variety of integrated photonic devices, often necessitating solutions based on resonance, slow-light, or plasmonics to derive enhanced light-matter interaction. Here, we introduce all-dielectric waveguides that exploit the vectorial nature of light to achieve strong subdiffraction confinement in high index dielectrics, enabling characteristic mode dimensions below

λ
0
2

/

1000

without metals or plasmonics. We further show how these ultra-small mode areas may coincide or diverge from the nonlinear effective mode area. The work opens the door to new types of waveguide-based devices featuring strong near-field confinement, Purcell factors, and nonlinear effects, with broad applications spanning classical and quantum optics.
Linear-in-wavenumber actively-mode-locked wavelength-swept laser
Authors: Lee Hwidon , Kim Gyeong Hun , Villiger Martin , Jang Hansol , Bouma Brett E. , Kim Chang-Seok
Published: July 2020

We report on an akinetic actively-mode-locked wavelength-swept laser (ASL) with a sweep that is highly linear in wavenumber. By tailoring the drive waveform of the intracavity modulator, the wavenumber sweep was further linearized to enable high fidelity frequency-domain interferometric ranging without resampling of the acquired data. Used for catheter-based optical coherence tomography, the ASL showed comparable imaging performance to a state-of-the-art polygon-based wavelength-swept source at a matching sweep rate of 103.6 kHz, a duty cycle of 95%, and a bandwidth of 100 nm, centered at 1330 nm.
Vertical multilayer structures based on porous silicon layers for mid-infrared applications
Authors: Duris Maxime , Guendouz Mohammed , Lorrain Nathalie , Pirasteh Parastesh , Bodiou Loïc , Raiah Warda , Coffinier Yannick , Thomy Vincent , Charrier Joël
Published: July 2020

In this work, the fabrication of a porous silicon Bragg reflector and vertical cavity on P+ silicon substrate is investigated for applications in spectroscopic sensing in the mid-infrared (Mid-IR) wavelength range. The complex refractive index of porous silicon layers is measured. Optical vertical devices are then fabricated and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. This work demonstrates the use of electrochemically prepared Bragg reflectors with reflectance as high as 99% and vertical cavity based on porous silicon layers operating in the mid-IR spectral region (up to 8 µm). Experimental reflectance spectra of the vertical cavity structures are recorded as a function of air exposure duration after thermal annealing under nitrogen flux (N2) and results demonstrate that these structures could be used for spectroscopic sensing applications in the mid-IR (2-8 µm) by grafting specific biomolecules on the porous silicon internal surface.
What kind of नागरिक (citizen)? Civic orientations in Indian education policy
Authors: Nichols Joseph R.
Published: July 2020

This article examines the civic mission of Indian schools by applying four civic orientations for Indian citizenship – liberalism, republicanism, ethno-nationalism and non-statism – to Indian education policy. The findings indicate that no one civic orientation dominates; therefore, Indian schools – at least at the policy level – must take up some version of each orientation. This political landscape raises several open questions about how Indian schools can cultivate democratic people – an important prerequisite to fulfilling the promise of Indian democracy.
Living with Myths in Singapore, Loh Kah Seng, Thum Ping Tjin and Jack Meng-Tat Chia (eds) (2017)
Authors: Wong Yew-Leong
Published: July 2020

Review of: Living with Myths in Singapore, Loh Kah Seng, Thum Ping Tjin and Jack Meng-Tat Chia (eds) (2017)

Singapore: Ethos Books, 340 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-81113-281-0, p/bk, SGD 30
Lowering the Voting Age to 16: Learning from Real Experiences Worldwide, Jan Eichorn and Johannes Bergh (eds) (2019)
Authors: Davies Ian
Published: July 2020

Review of: Lowering the Voting Age to 16: Learning from Real Experiences Worldwide, Jan Eichorn and Johannes Bergh (eds) (2019)

Switzerland: Springer, 245 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-03032-541-1, e-book, €103.99
Iraqi media entrepreneurs across social media: Factors and challenges
Authors: Omar Bali Ahmed , Jabar Sherko , Jalal Hazhar , Sofi-Karim Mahdi
Published: July 2020

Influenced by digital technologies, the cost of media production has considerably decreased, and the traditional media is faced with new agile, flexible and low-cost media entrepreneurs. This article examines the dynamics of the Iraqi media market transformation with an emphasis on factors that help to merge media entrepreneurs and digital media firms that target an audience on social media. A qualitative method was adopted in this study using open, in-depth interviews with nineteen media entrepreneurs and three managers of media firms. The study revealed that relative freedom and advanced communication technologies have encouraged media entrepreneurs to drive the new media on producing short videos and broadcast them on social media, which has become popular among media consumers. This new era in Iraqi media entrepreneurship has created an abstract space in which media entrepreneurs get involved in the media market, collaborate with international media and deliver values through the use of user-generated content and flexible journalism. This opportunity is shaped by three key interrelated factors: first, the relative freedom of journalism that resulted from the political environment, current regulations and advanced communication technologies that provide more space of freedom; second, the development of communication technologies that allow journalists and media entrepreneurs to employ the media market effectively; third, the emergence of media entrepreneurs themselves who are convinced to seize the opportunities presented by the two previous factors.
Creativity and the unconscious in the screenwriting classroom: A review of the literature
Authors: Greenwood Nell , Gibson Robyn
Published: July 2020

Screenwriting pedagogy is a small but growing field of scholarly enquiry grappling with the challenges of a writing mode that demands a high level of creativity in order to render complex human experiences in a visual form bound by industrialized structures. Prominent screenwriters argue that engagement with unconscious thought is critical to achieving the high level of creativity required for this kind of writing. However, the unconscious remains a neglected area of enquiry in the fields of creativity and screenwriting research. This review of literature corrals existing research in both fields to synthesize insights for screenwriting and creative writing teachers on the engagement of unconscious thought as a means to enhance students’ creativity.
The post-9/11 American political thriller film: Hollywood’s dissident screenplays
Authors: Castrillo Pablo
Published: July 2020

The American political thriller, from its cinematic beginnings in the 1960s until its most recent period of popularity in the late 2000s and the early 2010s, has consistently displayed two salient characteristics: on an extra-textual level, it tends to keep a close relationship with the (geo)political environment at the time of production, with themes that resonate with the cultural moment, sometimes even referencing current events, and frequently challenging traditionally upheld American values with mistrustful attitudes towards the State, its institutions, the military and a suspect corporate establishment. On the other hand, the textual configuration of these films reveals a certain nonconformity with the traditionally dominant narrative-aesthetic norms of Hollywood cinema, featuring reactive agency in its protagonists, an unusual degree of subjectivity in its narration and a remarkable degree of ambiguity in the dramatic resolutions of some storylines. These formal features enhance the thematic concerns and cinematic worldview of the political thriller genre, both creating and exploiting perplexity and paranoia in the audience, through highly demanding narratives that remove the feeling of control from the viewer, and with a specific political intent that becomes exceptionally effective thanks to its entertainment value. The works analysed to illustrate this trend covers theatrically released Hollywood films of the genre from 2001 until the present day, with special attention on the impact of 9/11 and the War on Terror in their narrative premises and themes.
Prewriting your Screenplay: A Step-by-Step Guide to Generating Stories, Michael Tabb (2019)
Authors: Kirk Laura
Published: July 2020

Review of: Prewriting your Screenplay: A Step-by-Step Guide to Generating Stories, Michael Tabb (2019)

Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 212 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13848-228-9, h/bk, $151.91, p/bk, $39.95, digital, $37.95
Fade in, Crossroads: A History of the Southern Cinema, Robert Jackson (2017)
Authors: Dyson Kris
Published: July 2020

Review of: Fade in, Crossroads: A History of the Southern Cinema, Robert Jackson (2017)

New York: Oxford University Press, 344 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19066-018-5, p/bk, $34.95,

ISBN 978-0-19066-017-8, h/bk, $99.00,

ISBN 978-0-19066-020-8, epub, $34.95
The Art of Dramatic Writing: Its Basis in the Creative Interpretation of Human Motives, Lajos Egri (1972)
Authors: Rawls Rene
Published: July 2020

Review of: The Art of Dramatic Writing: Its Basis in the Creative Interpretation of Human Motives, Lajos Egri (1972)

Originally published by Simon&Schuster in 1942 as How to Write a Play

New York: Touchstone, 320 pp.,

ISBN-13 978-0-67121-332-9, p/bk, $18.00
Isabel, Rainha e Santa. Pervivência de um culto centenário
Authors: Rebelo António Manuel Ribeiro , Urbano Carlota Miranda
Published: July 2020

O culto da santidade e das relíquias constitui um fenómeno de notável fecundidade, não só no domínio religioso, mas no domínio artístico e literário, social e político. D. Isabel de Aragão foi uma figura notável no seu tempo e o culto que nasceu em torno da sua figura e das suas relíquias conheceria um progresso sem retorno. Mesmo antes do reconhecimento canónico da sua santidade, foi assumida post mortem como grande intercessora dos fiéis cristãos, especialmente em Coimbra. Nesta cidade vivera os últimos anos de vida, e aqui repousam as suas relíquias, sinal mais tangível da presença da Rainha Santa, transformando-se o seu túmulo em lugar sagrado de peregrinação. Este livro estuda diferentes manifestações do fenómeno desde a morte da Rainha até à modernidade, nas implicações teológico-espirituais do culto das relíquias, no estudo da espiritualidade mendicante que inspirou D. Isabel, no de obras de arte, como o primeiro túmulo da Rainha, ou da literatura celebrativa do seu heroísmo, passando pela leitura de fontes documentais reveladoras das circunstâncias históricas, sociais e políticas da evolução do culto da Rainha Santa no Mosteiro de Santa Clara, no Colégio das Artes, na Universidade e na cidade de Coimbra.
Artemisia vulgaris efficacies against various stages of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Ninditya Vika Ichsania , Purwati Endah , Utami Ajeng Tyas , Marwaningtyaz Aprillyani Sofa , Fairuz Nadia Khairunnisa , Widayanti Rini , Hamid Penny Humaidah
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, chikungunya, and, most recently, Zika. Dengue fever is one of Indonesia's endemic diseases. The principal tool for preventing dengue is controlling Ae. aegypti by chemical insecticides since vaccine against dengue is still under research. However, Ae. aegypti developed resistance to various chemical insecticides worldwide. Therefore, research on alternate compounds as mosquito insecticides is urgently needed. This study demonstrated the efficacy of Artemisia vulgaris extract as larvicidal, ovicidal, adulticidal, repellency, and oviposition deterrent activity against Ae. aegypti.

Materials and Methods: A. vulgaris was obtained from Temanggung, Indonesia, while the eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected from Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and were hatched in Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Larvicidal activity was evaluated according to the WHO protocol; adulticidal activity was performed using the Centers for Disease Control protocol. Oviposition activity was evaluated using ovitraps added with A. vulgaris extract, complete protection time in the repellent assay was defined as the number of minutes elapsed between compound application and the landing of the first mosquito.

Results: A test of the larvicidal activity of A. vulgaris extract returned an LC50 of 65.8 ppm (r2=0.9014) in 1 h and 18.6 ppm (r2=0.575) in 24 h. A. vulgaris was effective as an adulticidal, demonstrating LC50 values of 11.35 mg (r2=0.875) in 90 min, 9.63 mg (r2=0.924) in 105 min, and 6.46 mg (r2=0.925) in 120 min. A. vulgaris at a concentration of 1000 ppm was able to reach 96% of oviposition deterrent effect. The ovicidal assay, a concentration of 1000 ppm resulted in 82.67% of eggs remaining unhatched. An extract concentration of 80 mg/ml achieved 63.3±3.5% biting repellency in adults.

Conclusion: This study gives a clear indication that A. vulgaris extract acts on Ae. aegypti at various developmental stages and is a potential alternative bioinsecticide for controlling this disease vector.
Gli intellettuali e la transizione dalla neutralità all'intervento
Authors: Lorenzo Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

Jelen tanulmány az Első Világháború idején néhány kulturális folyóirat hasábjain kibontakozott vita leírására és elemzésére vállalkozik, elsősorban Olaszországnak a konfliktusban játszott viszontagságos szerepére összpontosítva. A kutatás bemutatja, hogyan látta az olasz és osztrák-magyar értelmiségi réteg a világkatasztrófát az 1914 június 28-i sorsdöntő szarajevói merénylettől, az Első Világháború első tíz hónapja során az 1915 május 24-i olasz beavatkozásig.
Movimentos feministas e LGBTS no Brasil e o enfrentamento da repressão e do obscurantismo em dois tempos: uma luta “menor”?
Authors: Silva Daniel Henrique de Oliveira , Carneiro Maria Elizabeth Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

No Brasil, os movimentos LGBTs e feministas foram considerados “lutas menores” em discursos das esquerdas no período da ditadura militar (1964- 1985) e também nos dia atuais? Tal questionamento movimenta esta análise em que se busca pensar uma relação entre discursos que se reiteram em torno da crítica às bandeiras identitárias dos movimentos sociais, em diferentes momentos da história recente, porém ambos marcados pela repressão a populações marginalizadas e pela retirada de direitos sociais.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ditadura Militar. LGBTs. Feminismos. Movimentos de Esquerda.
“Olha que coisa mais linda, mais cheia de graça”
Authors: Jesus Diego Santos Vieira de , Kamlot Daniel , Dubeux Veranise Jacubowski Correia , Reis Patricia Cerqueira , Robaina Diogo Tavares
Published: July 2020

Com base predominantemente na obra de Reis (2018) acerca da construção de marcas de cidades e na teoria performativa de gênero desenvolvida por Butler (1990), o objetivo é examinar a performatividade da mulher na identidade, na imagem e na reputação da Marca Rio entre 2016 e 2018. O argumento central aponta que, nas manifestações das evidências físicas e simbólicas da identidade da Marca Rio, a mulher é objetificada em face do agravamento da violência contra o gênero feminino na cidade no período em foco. A violência física fica clara no aumento de casos de feminicídio e de violência doméstica contra a mulher, enquanto a violência simbólica evidencia-se na participação marginal das mulheres no mercado de trabalho – no qual permanecem mal remuneradas e concentradas em funções menos valorizadas –; na sub-representação na formulação de políticas públicas no Rio de Janeiro e nas representações culturais sexualizadas da cidade, apesar da maior participação feminina na dimensão sociocultural da identidade carioca. Na imagem da cidade – formada pelos esforços de comunicação da e sobre a marca Rio –, ainda que se tenha uma maior atenção ao gênero feminino nas comunicações de serviços públicos e de engajamento, perpetua-se a quase invisibilidade da mulher nas comunicações de negócios. Os estereótipos generificados e objetificantes que situam a mulher em posições subalternas são gradualmente questionados nas comunicações de visibilidade internacional e de opinião pública, mas tais comunicações ainda se mostram incapazes de contribuir para uma efetiva eliminação de estruturas patriarcais e misóginas vigentes na cidade. Diante do desempenho insatisfatório do Rio de Janeiro no que diz respeito à igualdade de gênero, a reputação da cidade acaba sendo prejudicada quando comparada às avaliações internacionais de outras marcas de cidades. Neste recorte, verifica-se que a construção da identidade e da imagem da Marca Rio, em vários aspectos, é um processo generificado que associa o Rio de Janeiro a um status quo de manutenção e reprodução da desigualdade de gênero na cidade..

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Marca de cidade. Rio de Janeiro. Gênero.
Maria Lacerda de Moura e a luta antifascista (1928-1937)
Authors: Maia Claudia , Lessa Patrícia
Published: July 2020

A educadora mineira Maria Lacerda de Moura foi uma anarquista individualista que escreveu sobre o fascismo e as suas consequências mundiais. Questionamos se a sua vivência na comunidade libertária de Guararema (1928-1937) alavancou uma segunda fase de sua obra. Utilizamos, como fonte, os escritos dela no período em que viveu entre libertários.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Antifascismo. Anarquismo. Maria Lacerda de Moura.
Como se dá a tomada de decisão das mulheres no cenário político em Sant’ana do Livramento
Authors: Madrid Rosemeri da S. , Cequeira-Adão Sebastião Ailton
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho se propõe a entender como se dá na tomada de decisão das mulheres que ocupam espaço na Câmara Municipal de Sant’Ana do Livramento e no Gabinete de Vice-Prefeita da mesma cidade, considerando a necessidade de entender elas decidem a partir da sua representatividade política.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mulher. Representatividade. Política. Tomada de Decisão.
Negra e Acadêmica
Authors: Borba Carolina dos Anjos , Silva Fabiane Moreira da , Rosa Sanciaray Yarha Silva da
Published: July 2020

A vida acadêmica nos revela diferentes desafios, que se intensificam com as sobreposições de opressões sociais como racismo, machismo, homofobia e desigualdade econômica. O artigo visa refletir sobre os impasses que mulheres negras encontram ao ocupar esse espaço de poder. Sabemos que o ingresso das estudantes negras na universidade, mesmo com políticas afirmativas, ainda não atingiu um nível igualitário de oportunidades, e quando se trata de permanência nesses espaços a dificuldade para alunas negras se agrava. Buscamos refletir sobre os problemas enfrentados no percurso da graduação com diferentes relatos de estudantes negras, abordando casos de racismo institucional e discriminação racial. A escolha dos autores que embasam nossa discussão também tem uma afinidade com a discussão decolonial e de interculturalidade dos saberes, buscando um olhar diferenciado sobre a solidão que esse espaço de poder, ocupado muito recentemente por mulheres negras, produz no seu processo de individualização e exclusão dos diferentes. Apresentamos uma provocação sobre estratégias de sobrevivência e de coletividade num espaço que não é convidativo e individualiza os corpos, e estratégias de resistência e construção de pensamentos insubmissos sobre o ensino superior.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Feminismo Negro, Racismo, Relações Etnicorraciais, Educação.
Una economía política para la "república verdadera". La Revista de Economía Argentina en los años 1930
Authors: Bacolla Natacha Cecilia
Published: July 2020

Parte del activo mundo editorial de inicios del siglo XX, la Revista de Economía Argentina constituyó un longevo proyecto con una múltiple vocación de intervención en el espacio público que se extendería entre 1918 y 1952. Este artículo se detiene en la primera década de la publicación, momento coincidente con el escenario global de cambios desencadenado por la primera posguerra y en el plano nacional con la experiencia de los gobiernos radicales posibilitada por la reforma electoral. Por una parte, el texto analiza los actores, redes y mecanismos de legitimación que sustentaron los inicios de la publicación. Por otra parte, examina las construcciones conceptuales que difundió en esos primeros años. Postulando que en el plano del conocimiento social y su traducción en herramientas políticas, más que identificarse con una «revolución copernicana» en cuanto a nociones respecto del intervencionismo estatal, el nacionalismo económico, las políticas monetarias, sectoriales y el grado de apertura de la economía argentina; formó parte de un proceso más complejo de persistencias y lentos cambios conceptuales y de prácticas, aún en los marcos de la economía política liberal.
Las controversias políticas y sus fronteras
Authors: Rennes Juliette
Published: July 2020

Traducción del francés
Integration of Company Development Management Practices Based on Project Management
Authors: BOLATZHANULY Talgat , RAKHIMZHANOVA Gaukhar M. , BEISENBAYEVA Azhar K. , ABDIMOLDAYEVA Ainur U. , SHAIMANOV Omirzhan K.
Published: July 2020

Project management as a management system at the enterprise allows to provide strategic development within the framework of approved documents that determine the possibility of increasing entrepreneurial activity at an enterprise. This provision is based on the development of an operational management system, a balanced scorecard, and a vision of industry prospects. In this regard, it becomes relevant to search for possible ways to develop a company and build a system of relationships with contractors. The novelty of the study is determined by the provision that the development of a company should be focused on building long-term relationships with contractors. The authors show that relations should be built on the basis of the project form of cooperation. The article reveals a model for building project management within an organization that seeks to create an innovative environment. The parametric characteristics of the model, its expression in the operating activities of the company and the possibilities of its scaling are presented. The practical significance of the study is determined by the necessity to introduce indicators into the management process that can not only model development over a long period, but also those that can mitigate the negative consequences of crisis phenomena. The use of the model for the formation of an equilibrium forecasting system at the enterprise is proposed.
Formation of the Philosophy of Law of Ukraine and the USA under the Influence of Individualist Views: A Consideration through History Aspect
Authors: HRYSHCHUK Oksana V. , PYLYPYSHYN Pavlo B. , ROMANYNETS Marta R. , HORETSKA Khrystyna V.
Published: July 2020

The relevance of such a study is that when considering modern Ukraine there is an active interest of philosophers, scientists, lawyers in the study, definition and reconstruction of philosophical and legal studies of the legal system of Ukraine, due to the previous loss of uniqueness because of the totalitarian Soviet regime. The concept of individualism and its impact on the legal system plays an important role in many modern states, including the United States. Individualism, first of all, substantiates personal freedoms, emphasizes the value of an individual. This approach creates a human rights institution that is defined in each state and is protected from interference as a matter of priority. The aim is to study and reveal the concept and nature of the concept of individualism in the philosophy of law, determine its role in shaping the legal system of modern Ukraine and compare the impact of the concept of individualism on the legal system of Ukraine and the United States. This study used the dialectical method, historical and legal method, comparison, analysis and synthesis. The result of this article is a comparison that will allow to understand the influence of individualism on the formation of the system of Ukrainian social consciousness in contrast to the assertion of the consciousness of society under the influence of individualism in the United States.
System of Guarantees of Civil Rights: Constitutional and Branch Specifics
Authors: METSGER Andrey A.
Published: July 2020

Relevance. The study is relevant since the meaning and purpose of special (legal or juridical) guarantees is to establish such legal institutes that would provide legal means for the implementation of rights and duties, as well as protect the rights of citizens from violations by officials, government bodies and other citizens. Adhering to the traditional scientific classification of legal guarantees, the authors of the article distinguish between guarantees of implementing and guarantees of protecting personal security based on their functions.

Objective. The article aims at studying the system of guarantees of civil rights with due regard to their constitutional and branch specifics. Special attention is paid to general guarantees of civil rights embracing ideological, economic, social and political factors that create the best conditions and prerequisites for the realization of civil rights and freedoms at the current development of society and state.

Methods. The main research method was deduction used for studying the legal nature and specifics of the system of guarantees of civil rights with due regard to their constitutional and branch aspects. The authors of the article also used the inductive, comparative-legal and historical methods, as well as the method of systematic scientific analysis. To solve the task, it is necessary to consider the legal foundations and features of implementing guarantees of civil rights as exemplified by modern Russia.

Results. The article proves that the structure of guarantees of personal rights in the Russian Federation still has not been resolved from the theoretical viewpoint. The authors of the article claim that it is necessary to highlight such a type as organizational guarantees. While studying guarantees of personal security, scholars also need to consider that this right belongs to the system of personal rights, whose full list is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. At the same time, ensuring personal rights and civil freedoms is a significant task of many state structures, including internal affairs bodies.
Improving the Economic Mechanism for Increasing Labor Productivity in Agriculture
Authors: MYRZALIYEV Borash S. , KOKENOVA Aiganym T. , ALIMKULOVA Elvira S. , ZHETIBAYEV Zhanture K. , BIMENDEYEV Bauyrzhan B.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of increasing labor productivity in agriculture in Kazakhstan. It explores the growth trends in labor productivity in the agricultural sector and presents a comparative analysis of individual factors that directly affect labor productivity indicators. The article considers the reasons for the lag of Kazakhstan in terms of labor productivity from developed countries, provides a detailed analysis of the level and dynamics of labor productivity in agriculture in Kazakhstan. The authors of the article calculated indicators of the dynamics of labor productivity and indices of the physical volume of gross agricultural output. Comparative indices of labor productivity in the economy, production of goods and agriculture are presented, an algorithm for analysing the efficiency of labor use of workers in the industry and assessing the reserves of growth in labor productivity were given. The aim of the work is to study the prevailing level of labor productivity and determine ways to increase it and the production efficiency of the agricultural sector. The differentiation of the use of the concepts of labor productivity and the productivity of the economic system was substantiated. The productivity of the economic system in accordance has a broader interpretation and includes the whole set of economic processes, such as labor productivity, marketing, managerial productivity and the creation of new products with high consumer qualities. The goals and objectives of labor productivity at the enterprise level was carried out, areas of responsibility at different managerial levels were decomposed.
Agro-Financing and Agricultural Output in Nigeria
Authors: OSABOHIEN Romanus , OLURINOLA Isaiah O. , MATTHEW Oluwatoyin A.
Published: July 2020

This study examined the impact of agro-financing on agricultural output in Nigeria. The data for the study was sourced from the Central of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank for the period between 1990 and 2019. The study applied the Canonical Cointegration approach to achieve its objectives. Findings showed that agro-financing significantly affect the level of agricultural output in Nigeria. The result of the econometric models estimated in this study showed that, on average, a 1% increase in agro-financing may increase agricultural output by between 0.12%. Therefore, the study recommended that more agro-funding at low-interest rates will motivate farmers to invest in high-yield seedlings, farm implements, organic inputs that are capable of positively impacting total yield leading to more output.
Economic Problems of Quarantine Infections
Authors: OSADCHUK Mikhail A. , TRUSHIN Maxim V. , OSADCHUK Alexey M. , BARABANOVA Elena A.
Published: July 2020

Predictably, the fall in world gross domestic product (GDP) will be at least 4.2% due to restrictive measures in connection with the COVID-19 spread. The global economic crisis has not yet been overcome, and if the second pandemic wave occurs, its consequences can be even more disastrous. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all countries will suffer, though the GDP reduction will be different, depending on the individual states’ previous economic situation. It seems important to compare different countries` economic losses depending on their economic model. Germany will be considered as a country with a developed economy, Russia and China – as transition economy countries and India – as a developing one. The results of studying such pandemics impact on various countries’ economies can be used in choosing the optimal answer to possible pandemics in the future.
Combating Illegal Drugs Trafficking Using the Internet by Means of the Profiling Method
Authors: OVCHARENKO Mykola O. , TAVOLZHANSKYI Oleksii V. , RADCHENKO Tetiana M. , KULYK Kateryna D. , SMETANINA Nataliia V.
Published: July 2020

The paper actualizes the issues of combating drug trafficking using the Internet on the example of Ukraine. Given the significant difference in the approach to this issue among Ukrainian and foreign scientists, this allowed to carry out a multifaceted analysis. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive study (criminological and forensic) on the use of the Internet in the commission of crimes related to drug trafficking, on the example of Ukraine. Profiling was used as the main method. The novelty of this work is the extrapolation of the method of profiling cybercriminals to persons who commit illicit drug distribution using the Internet in Ukraine as a special category of cybercriminals. The specific objectives of the study are: to study the characteristics of an offender who commits crimes related to drug trafficking via the Internet using the method of profiling; study of typical investigative situations that arise when committing crimes related to drug trafficking on the Internet; development of comprehensive recommendations for combating this group of crimes, taking into account both the identity of an offender and investigative situations that most often arise in practice. Based on the study, the article conducted (using secondary data) profiling of people who distribute drugs using the Internet in Ukraine. The profiling also includes a comprehensive portrait of such a criminal, which includes both socio-demographic and psychological characteristics of this category of criminals, studied their motivation, conducted a study of the victimological aspect and features of the study of evidence in this category of crimes.
Factor Analysis of the Income of the Trade Service Company Based on its Sensitivity Evaluation
Authors: PETRUCHENYA I.V. , BATRAEVA E.A. , SUSLOVA J.J. , VOLOSHIN A.V. , BATRAEV M.D.
Published: July 2020

The issues of improving the methods for analyzing the income of the service company by the example of trade are discussed in the article. The main emphasis in the study is made on the factor analysis of gross income: a classification of factors into overt and latent is proposed for calculating the coefficients of its sensitivity to changes in factors by various methods, for ranking them by significance, and estimating the impact of changes in resource potential on income. The proposed additional areas of revenue analysis will improve the quality of analytical work and allow to take a more informed approach to the development of areas for their growth.
Prospective Directions of e-Commerce Development
Authors: POPENKOVA Daria Konstantinovna , NIKISHIN Alexander Fedorovich
Published: July 2020

Despite the experience of the e-commerce development for several decades, this form of trade organization is still prospective and has high potential for its further development. E-commerce is undergoing some changes in the modern conditions, the most important of them being an increase in the share of orders with a decrease in the average check and the development of new forms of e-commerce. A comprehensive analysis of the development of e-commerce in the modern conditions is provided in the article, the main trends are identified, and the important role of integrated forms in the field of business organization in the digital environment, in particular, marketplaces, is demonstrated. The obtained results allowed to identify the main directions of the development of distance selling using digital technologies in the modern conditions.
Public-Private Partnership in Conditions of Innovative Development of Kazakhstan
Authors: SADYKOVA Zarina B.
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the fact that the innovative development of Kazakhstan, which is based on the introduction of technological advance, the use of computer and resource-saving technologies, industrial and innovative achievements, is currently of great importance for the country's economy. Without the growth of innovative potential in the country, it is impossible to ensure the competitiveness of the economy. In this connection, further reform of the innovation development management system both of public and private sectors is necessary, and the current means of increasing their effective functioning is the development of partnerships between the state and business, which will allow to attract additional resources to the public sector of the economy, primarily investment. In such a system of relations, the resources and potentials of the state and business are combined, which helps to increase the efficiency of the use of available resources, the distribution of risks between the public and private sectors and their minimisation. The purpose of the study: The purpose of the paper is to prepare recommendations for the development of public-private partnerships in the conditions of innovative development of Kazakhstan. Leading approach to the study of the subject matter. The leading methods of researching the issues of the paper include the analysis of theoretical sources, analysis of statistics, and comparison. The analysis of statistical indicators plays a crucial role in the study, since data on the innovation level, on the development of public-private partnerships can be directly obtained from statistical databases. The results of the study. The paper discusses the concept of public-private partnerships, methods, mechanisms, stages of development of public-private partnerships in Kazakhstan, analyses the innovative development of Kazakhstan, the development of public-private partnerships, identifies issues of public-private partnerships and develops solutions to them. Prospects for further research. For the development of projects that are carried out on an innovative basis, cooperation between the state and business is necessary. Certain risks and consequences are inherent in innovative projects; therefore, such projects require private partners who agree to public-private partnerships even under unstable political, economic and social conditions, and also have corresponding production and innovative potential. Given the improvement of the regulatory framework at the national level and in the regions, increasing the attractiveness of such cooperation, and providing comprehensive support for such projects, a partnership between the state and business in the innovation sector will develop. The materials of the paper are of practical value for the development of public-private partnership in the conditions of innovative development of Kazakhstan.
Legal Aspects of Corporate Management in the Context of International Law Rules
Authors: SHEMSHUCHENKO Yurii S. , KOSTRUBA Anatoliy V.
Published: July 2020

This study sets the task of studying the legal aspects of corporate governance in the context of existing international law. Consideration of issues related to the legal aspects of corporate governance is of great importance for the development of common criteria for evaluating their activities from the point of view of existing legal norms. The development of ever new forms of public organizations and the need to develop legislative norms to regulate their activities only emphasizes the importance of the issue under study. The relevance of this problem is of particular importance in light of the fact that to date, the laws of most countries have not yet developed clear criteria governing the corporate activity. This fact leads to difficulties in studying this issue and the high probability of misunderstanding in matters of corporate activity and corporate governance features, not to mention giving this activity a proper assessment from the standpoint of the norms of current legislation. This study sets the task of studying the fundamental legal rules regulating the corporate governance of Ukraine and foreign countries with the identification of the similarities and differences of existing legal standards. The method of comparative analysis of works of domestic and foreign researchers in the framework of the subject under consideration was selected. The applied value of this material is to identify the main criteria for the compliance of the current aspects of corporate governance with international law with a view to the subsequent application of the results in practice. The research prospects in this direction from a legal point of view consist in comparing the current legislative acts regulating international law with regard to corporate governance issues, which opens up great opportunities for analysis of all the provisions of corporate governance and bringing them into line with the norms of existing international law.
Determinants of Fraud Tendency in the Management of Village Funds
Authors: WIDHIASTUTI Ratieh , UTAMININGTYAS Tri Hesti , WAHYUNINGSIH Ismi
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of internal control system, rationalization and information asymmetry on fraud tendency in the management of village funds with the organizational ethical culture as a moderating variable. The population in this study was 61 village officials in Kejajar Sub-district, all members of the population were sampled. Data collection technique used a questionnaire. The data analysis method used descriptive analysis and moderation regression analysis with test of absolute difference value. The results showed that the internal control system had a significant negative effect and rationalization had a positive and significant effect, while the information asymmetry did not affect the fraud tendency in the management of village funds. The organizational ethical culture failed to moderate the relationship between the internal control system and the rationalization of the fraud tendency in the management of village funds, but was able to weaken the relationship of information asymmetry on the fraud tendency in the management of village funds. Suggestions in this study are for village officials / PPKD to minimize fraud by improving internal control systems through the implementation of SOPs, good management, developing ‘village partner’ applications, and not justifying any form of fraud.
„Wszystko jest warte opisania”. Przypadek Jacka Baczaka
Authors: Szczęsna Justyna
Published: July 2020

Zapiski z nocnych dyżurów Jacka Baczaka to rzecz o nieobecnym w kulturze, przemilczanym hospicyjnym świecie będącym przestrzenią spotęgowanej obcości. Baczak podejmuje próbę jego opisania, wysłowienia nagromadzonego tam cierpienia, powolnego odchodzenia i śmierci. Jego opis nie może odwoływać się do gotowych matryc, schematów czy wypróbowanych i oswojonych języków. Opis powstaje więc z elementów najprostszych, najbardziej przezroczystych, ascetycznych. Staje się dzięki temu dojmująco wiarygodny, służebny. Zachowując dalece idącą powściągliwość wobec spraw ostatecznych, boleśnie dotyka.
Opisać świat wspomnieniem. Antecedencje w najnowszych fabularyzowanych grach cyfrowych
Authors: Kochanowicz Rafał
Published: July 2020

Rozwój fabularyzowanych gier cyfrowych niesie z sobą nie tylko przeobrażenia jakościowe, ale także związane z wyborem tematyki. Przykładem tych ostatnich jest „zwrot obyczajowy”– twórcy gier coraz częściej odwołują się do problematyki rodzinnej. Konsekwencją są zmiany w sposobie tworzenia ujętej w grze opowieści. Coraz większą rolę zaczynają odgrywać w różnorodny sposób konkretyzowane retrospekcje. Przypisane im funkcje wiążą się zarówno z wprowadzaniem do gier wątków obyczajowych, jak też ze światotwórstwem, bowiem ujęte w retrospektywnej perspektywie opisy świata stają się podstawowym źródłem informacjio jego granicach i specyfice.
Gdy sługa staje się panem. Czeskie próby uporządkowania problematyki deskryptywności
Authors: Gawarecka Anna
Published: July 2020

W 2017 roku zakończyła się realizacja projektu grantowego Poetika deskripce. Průzkum reprezentačního materiálu v intermediální perspektivě („Poetyka deskrypcji. Badanie reprezentacji literackiej w perspektywie intermedialnej”) zawnioskowanego przez pracowników Ústavu pro českou literaturu AVČR (Instytutu Literatury Czeskiej Akademii Nauk Republiki Czeskiej). Opublikowane jako pokłosie prac nad tym projektem książki, a mianowicie monografia StanislavyFedrovej i Alice Jedličkovej Viditelné popisy. Vizualita, sugestivita a intermedialita literární deskripce („Widzialne opisy. Wizualność, sugestywność i intermedialność deskrypcji literackiej”) oraz tom zbiorowy O popisu („O opisie”), uzupełniając się nawzajem, stanowią udaną próbę wieloaspektowego, diachronicznego i synchronicznego rozpoznania skomplikowanej problematyki literackiej deskryptywności.
ASPECT AND PERFORMATIVITY IN SORBIAN
Authors: WERNER EDUARD
Published: July 2020

In all Upper and Lower Sorbian grammars, aspect is a grammatical category, regarded a typical “Slavic” traitin spite of the fact that since Bermel 1994, aspect can be safely said to have evolved separately in the individual Slavic languages. The character of aspect in Sorbian, especially in Upper Sorbian, is highly disputable (and has been disputed since the beginning of the 20th century (cf. Werner 2003). An exception to one of the rules of Slavic aspect (namely that something happening at the time of talking must be expressed by means of an imperfective verb) are the so-called perfomative verbs. This acceptance and the termAktverben go back to Koschmieder 1929 but have never been thoroughly verified for individual verbs in the Sorbian languages. In this paper, the author makes an attempt at shedding some light on the aspect usage of performative verbs in Upper Sorbian.