bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Warehousing asylum seekers: The logistification of reception
Authors: Vianelli Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

This article employs the analytical perspective of logistics to explore a key, yet quite overlooked, aspect of the functioning of the EU border regime: the reception and associated territorial distribution of newly arrived asylum seekers. Drawing on qualitative data collected at the height of the ‘refugee reception crisis’ in multiple contexts in Italy and Sweden, the article shows how reception is undergoing a process of ‘logistification’ . In this process, organisational and logistical concerns prevail over the care for those who are assisted, and reception is turned into a logistical matter of moving and accommodating asylum seekers. Crucial to this process of ‘logistification’ is the warehousing of asylum seekers – an art of government that seeks to objectify asylum seekers through their depersonalisation, victimisation and (im)mobilisation. The article argues that the ‘logistification’ of reception not only has dehumanising effects on asylum seekers, but also exposes the attempt to make profit out their management and transfer. This creates the conditions for the development of a reception industry in which the very presence of asylum seekers is valorised for the profit of a whole range of actors who ensure the reproduction, transfer, knowledge and control of those hosted in reception facilities.
Beliefs as Mediators of Relations Between Exposure to Violence and Physical Aggression During Early Adolescence
Authors: Farrell Albert D. , Pittman Sarah , Bettencourt Amie F. , Mehari Krista R. , Dunn Courtney , Sullivan Terri N.
Published: November 2021

This study examined beliefs about aggression and self-efficacy for nonviolent responses as mediators of longitudinal relations between exposure to violence and physical aggression. Participants were a predominantly African American (79%) sample of 2705 early adolescents from three middle schools within urban neighborhoods with high rates of violence. Participants completed measures across four waves (fall, winter, spring, and summer) within a school year. Beliefs supporting proactive aggression, beliefs against fighting, and self-efficacy for nonviolence partially mediated relations between witnessing violence and physical aggression. Indirect effects for beliefs supporting proactive aggression and self-efficacy were maintained after controlling for victimization and negative life events. Beliefs supporting proactive aggression mediated the effects of violent victimization on physical aggression, but these effects were not significant after controlling for witnessing violence and negative life events. The findings underscore the importance of examining the unique pathways from witnessing community violence versus violent victimization to physical aggression.
Blended Learning in Principles of Marketing: The Effects of Student Differences on Student Performance
Authors: Cannon Joseph P. , Lohtia Ritu , Paulich Brianna JeeWon
Published: November 2021

Blended learning, which combines the benefits of both online learning and face-to-face instruction, is becoming popular in higher education. Despite its increase in application, there is limited research on the mechanisms to improve student performance in blended learning courses. This article aims to identify and empirically test individual factors influencing student performance in an introductory marketing course offered in a blended learning format. Through two surveys conducted during the semester at two large, public business schools, we find that metacognitive regulation, metacognitive knowledge, and student effort enhance student performance in blended learning courses. We also find that self-efficacy and course-specific attitudes affect metacognition and student effort. Based on the results, we provide practical strategies to design blended learning courses that improve student performance.
Chest radiography findings of COVID-19 pneumonia: a specific pattern for a confident differential diagnosis
Authors: Landini Nicholas , Colzani Giulia , Ciet Pierluigi , Tessarin Giovanni , Dorigo Alberto , Bertana Luca , Felice Carla , Scaldaferri Luca , Orlandi Martina , Nardi Cosimo , Romagnoli Micaela , Saba Luca , Rigoli Roberto , Morana Giovanni
Published: November 2021

Background

Chest radiography (CR) patterns for the diagnosis of COVID-19 have been established. However, they were not ideated comparing CR features with those of other pulmonary diseases.

Purpose

To create the most accurate COVID-19 pneumonia pattern comparing CR findings of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary diseases and to test the model against the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) criteria.

Material and Methods

CR of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary diseases, admitted to the emergency department, were evaluated. Assessed features were interstitial opacities, ground glass opacities, and/or consolidations and the predominant lung alteration. We also assessed uni-/bilaterality, location (upper/middle/lower), and distribution (peripheral/perihilar), as well as pleural effusion and perihilar vessels blurring. A binary logistic regression was adopted to obtain the most accurate CR COVID-19 pattern, and sensitivity and specificity were computed. The newly defined pattern was compared to BSTI criteria.

Results

CR of 274 patients were evaluated (146 COVID-19, 128 non-COVID-19). The most accurate COVID-19 pneumonia pattern consisted of four features: bilateral alterations (Expß=2.8, P=0.002), peripheral distribution of the predominant (Expß=2.3, P=0.013), no pleural effusion (Expß=0.4, P=0.009), and perihilar vessels’ contour not blurred (Expß=0.3, P=0.002). The pattern showed 49% sensitivity, 81% specificity, and 64% accuracy, while BSTI criteria showed 51%, 77%, and 63%, respectively.

Conclusion

Bilaterality, peripheral distribution of the predominant lung alteration, no pleural effusion, and perihilar vessels contour not blurred determine the most accurate COVID-19 pneumonia pattern. Lower field involvement, proposed by BSTI criteria, was not a distinctive finding. The BSTI criteria has lower specificity.
Impairment of motor skills in children with achondroplasia—usefulness of brain and cranio-cervical junction evaluation by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging: a case-control study
Authors: Calandrelli Rosalinda , Pilato Fabio , Massimi Luca , Onesimo Roberta , D’Apolito Gabriella , Tenore Lorenzo , Romeo Domenico , Leoni Chiara , Zampino Giuseppe , Colosimo Cesare
Published: November 2021

Background

Most infants and children with achondroplasia show delayed motor skill development; however, some patients may have clinical consequences related to cranio-cervical junction stenosis and compression.

Purpose

To assess, using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), quantitative variables linked to neuromotor impairment in achondroplasic children.

Material and Methods

In total, 24 achondroplasic children underwent pediatric neurological assessment and were grouped in two cohorts according to relevant motor skill impairment. Achondroplasic children with (n=12) and without (n=12) motor symptoms were identified, and brain MRI scans were quantitatively evaluated. 3D fast spoiled gradient echo T1-weighted images were used to assess: supratentorial intracranial volumes (SICV); supratentorial intracranial brain volume (SICBV); SICV/SICBV ratio; posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV); posterior cranial fossa brain volume (PCBFV); PCFV/PCFBV ratio; ventricular and extra-ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes; foramen magnum (FM) area; and jugular foramina (JF) areas.

Results

In both groups, SICV/SICBV ratio, supratentorial ventricular and extra-ventricular space volumes were increased while SICBV was increased only in the asymptomatic group ( P < 0.05). PCFV/PCFBV ratio, IV ventricle, infratentorial extra-ventricular spaces volumes were reduced ( P < 0.05) in the symptomatic group while PCFBV was increased only in the asymptomatic group ( P < 0.05). Foramen magnum (FM) area was more reduced in the symptomatic group than the asymptomatic group ( P < 0.05) but no correlation between FM area and ventriculomegaly was found ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Evaluation of the FM area together with infratentorial ventricular and extra-ventricular space volume reduction may be helpful in differentiating patients at risk of developing motor skill impairment. Further investigation is needed to better understand the temporal profile between imaging and motor function in order to propose possible personalized surgical treatment.
Cognitive behavioural therapy improves pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ya-qin , Shi Yun , Xu Chen , Zhou Hong
Published: November 2021

Objective

The study aim was to examine the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on the pregnancy outcomes of women receiving in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment.

Methods

A literature review was performed using the databases MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG. Eligible studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted and the quality of studies assessed. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were pooled to statistically analyse the difference between intervention and control groups.

Results

Ten studies were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings showed that CBT and cognitive-related therapy significantly improved the pregnancy rate of women undergoing IVF-ET treatment. Subgroup analysis showed that patients who received CBT, rather than complex psychological interventions, and those who received interventions delivered by professional psychologists, were more likely to become pregnant during IVF-ET treatment.

Conclusion

CBT and cognitive-related interventions had significant effects on the pregnancy outcomes of women receiving IVF-ET treatment. CBT treatment (rather than complex psychological interventions) provided by professional psychologists is strongly recommended.
Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma located in the adrenal gland: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hao Peng , Cao Liang , Li Yangming , Lin Dong , Hu Tinghui , Wu Tao
Published: November 2021

We report a case of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) originating from the adrenal gland. A 57-year-old middle-aged woman with no previous history of malignancy came to our hospital after color Doppler ultrasound revealed a right adrenal mass. An abdominal computed tomography scan also showed an adrenal mass. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of IDCS. After complete surgical removal of the adrenal tumor, the patient has been disease-free for 1 year. IDCS may have a good prognosis after surgical resection. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of IDCS in the adrenal region.
Profile of serum cytokine concentrations in patients with gouty arthritis
Authors: Zhang Tie , Wang Guozhen , Zheng Jing , Li Shirui , Xu Jing
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the changes in serum inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with gouty arthritis (GA).

Methods

The clinical data and serum samples in patients with gouty arthritis and those in healthy volunteers were collected in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2018 to January 2019. Serum cytokine concentrations in patients with GA and volunteers (controls) were determined by a chemiluminescence method. The differences in cytokine concentrations were compared between the two groups.

Results

Concentrations of serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-4 were significantly higher in patients with acute GA than in controls. Serum concentrations of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and immunoglobulin E in patients with remission of GA were significantly lower, whereas concentrations of IL-10 and interferon-γ were significantly higher, compared with those in patients with acute GA.

Conclusion

This study shows that serum concentrations of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-4 are significantly elevated in patients with GA, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of GA.
Effectiveness of a novel 1% glucose isotonic electrolyte solution for intraoperative fluid therapy in children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Zheng-Zheng , Wang Fang , Hua Lei , Cui Xiao-Huan , Xu Jie , Fu Wen-Ya , Chen Hui-Zi
Published: November 2021

Background

An appropriate electrolyte solution is important for safe intraoperative anesthesia management in children. This trial assessed the effectiveness of a novel 1% glucose isotonic electrolyte solution in intraoperative fluid therapy in children.

Methods

This trial analyzed data from 100 patients aged older than 1 month with an ASA score of I to II who received general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either the novel electrolyte solution (containing glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate) or lactated Ringer’s solution intraoperatively as a maintenance fluid. Patient demographics and the results of blood gas analysis at 1, 2, and 3 hours were documented, and changes in glucose and electrolyte concentrations and the acid–base status were analyzed.

Results

During infusion of the novel solution, the glucose and potassium concentrations were stable. Conversely, the solution was linked to increased sodium levels but decreased bicarbonate levels, although both changes were within the physiological ranges. In addition, pH remained stable during the intraoperative period. Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, or hypernatremia was not detected.

Conclusions

The novel 1% glucose isotonic electrolyte solution helped to maintain glucose and electrolyte concentrations and acid–base stability, and it may therefore improve children’s safety during the intraoperative period.
Impact of short-term storage of plasma samples on quantitation of ultra-low levels of interleukin-6
Authors: Yamaguchi Masaki , Koizumi Tomonobu , Sugano Mitsutoshi
Published: November 2021

Objective

To quantitate plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in healthy individuals and to clarify how these levels are affected by blood sample handling procedures during short-term storage.

Methods

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-treated plasma samples were simultaneously collected from 14 healthy individuals and stored on ice prior to analysis of the IL-6 levels. White blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells, and platelets were counted immediately after blood collection. IL-6 levels were analyzed every 30 minutes using a commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results

Correlation coefficients between plasma IL-6 levels and WBC counts ranged between 0.605 and 0.554, higher than those for other cell types. The lowest IL-6 value in healthy individuals was estimated at 0.04 pg/mL and the mean values remained under 2 pg/mL over time.

Conclusion

Analysis of IL-6 levels in EDTA-treated plasma samples centrifuged within 1 hour and stored on ice can be performed within 90 minutes of short-term storage if the analytical method has a sensitivity in the range of 10 fg/mL.
Validation of the Music Empathizing inventory in China
Authors: Zhao Qing , Lu Xuejing , Zhang Huijuan , Djekic Sandra , Wan Li , Hu Li
Published: November 2021

The current study aims to cross-culturally validate the Music Empathizing (ME) inventory in China. In total, 515 Chinese participants completed the Chinese version of ME in tandem with two supporting scales, namely, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Music USE (MUSE) questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses, correlation analyses, t-tests, and multiple regressions were conducted. The current results illustrated an innovative structural model for ME (i.e., the Agreement–Disagreement model), revealed significant predictors of ME (i.e., optional music training, interpersonal empathy, and the affective and social reasons for approaching music), and indicated a non-significant sex difference in ME with the Chinese participants. To conclude, the current study showed the validity of ME in evaluating music empathy in a Chinese setting. More importantly, since the previous studies of ME were restricted to Western populations, the current study presented the first observation of ME in Asian cultures.
Cardiac risk assessment with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index index before elective non-cardiac surgery: A retrospective audit from an Australian tertiary hospital
Authors: Yao Yao , Dharmalingam Ashok , Tang Cyril , Bell Harrison , DJ McKeown Andrew , McGee Michael , Davies Allan , Tay Tracey , Collins Nicholas
Published: November 2021

Clinicians assessing cardiac risk as part of a comprehensive consultation before surgery can use an expanding set of tools, including predictive risk calculators, cardiac stress tests and measuring serum natriuretic peptides. The optimal assessment strategy is unclear, with conflicting international guidelines. We investigated the prognostic accuracy of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index for risk stratification and cardiac outcomes in patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery in a contemporary Australian cohort.

We audited the records for 1465 consecutive patients 45 years and older presenting to the perioperative clinic for elective non-cardiac surgery in our tertiary hospital. We calculated individual Revised Cardiac Risk Index scores and documented any use of preoperative cardiac tests. The primary outcome was any major adverse cardiac events within 30 days of surgery, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary oedema, complete heart block or cardiac death.

Myocardial perfusion imaging was the most common preoperative stress test (4.2%, 61/1465). There was no routine investigation of natriuretic peptide levels for cardiac risk assessment before surgery. Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 1.3% (18/1366) of patients who had surgery. The Revised Cardiac Risk Index score had modest prognostic accuracy for major cardiac complications, area under receiver operator curve 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.86. Stratifying major adverse cardiac events by the Revised Cardiac Risk Index scores 0, 1, 2 and 3 or greater corresponded to event rates of 0.6% (4/683), 0.8% (4/488), 4.1% (6/145) and 8.0% (4/50), respectively.

The Revised Cardiac Risk Index had only modest predictive value in our single-centre experience. Patients with a revised cardiac risk index score of 2 or more had an elevated risk of early cardiac complications after elective non-cardiac surgery.
Long-term outcomes of adults with acute respiratory failure treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Gray Emma L , Forrest Paul , Southwood Timothy J , Totaro Richard J , Plunkett Brian T , Torzillo Paul J
Published: November 2021

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is increasingly used for severe but potentially reversible acute respiratory failure in adults; however, there are limited data regarding long-term morbidity. At our institution, most patients requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been followed up by a single physician. Our primary aim was to describe the serial long-term morbidity for respiratory, musculoskeletal and psychological functioning.

A retrospective audit of inpatient and outpatient medical records was conducted. A total of 125 patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary respiratory failure were included. The patients were young (mean (standard deviation) age 43.7 (4.1) years), obese (mean (standard deviation) body mass index 30.8 (10.4) kg/m2), and mostly were male (59%). Most patients (60%) had no comorbidities.

The survival rate to discharge was 70%, with body mass index and the number of comorbidities being independent predictors of survival on multiple logistic regression analysis. Over half (57%) of the Australian survivors had regular outpatient follow-up. They had a median of three reviews (range 1–9) over a median of 11.8 months (range 1.5-79) months. Breathlessness and weakness resolved in most within six months, with lung function abnormalities taking longer to resolve. Over half (60%) returned to employment within six months of discharge. Over a quarter (29%) displayed symptoms of anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder.
Crowd Evacuation Simulation Research Based on Improved Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles (RVO) Model with Path Planning and Emotion Contagion
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Haoxiang
Published: November 2021

Crowd evacuation simulation is an important research topic for designing reasonable building layout and effective evacuation routes. The reciprocal velocity obstacles (RVO) model is a pedestrian motion model which is used, but it does not work when complex and multiple obstacles are present in the scene. This paper proposes an improved RVO model with path planning and emotion contagion for crowd evacuation simulation. The model uses the vertices of the obstacles to construct pedestrian path nodes for planning pedestrian evacuation paths. To make the pedestrian evacuation paths simulation results more reasonable, the safety and congestion of the path nodes are considered, to plan the shortest evacuation path. Finally, a contagious disease model is introduced to study the impact of emotion contagion on the evacuation process. A crowd evacuation simulation system is developed, and simulations have been carried out in a variety of scenarios. Experiments show that the model can effectively simulate crowd evacuation, providing a powerful reference for building and layout design.
On short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics with high fiber orientation and the influence of surface roughness on mechanical parameters
Authors: van Roo Tamara , Kolling Stefan , Dillenberger Felix B , Amberg Joachim
Published: November 2021

Injection molding is a common process for manufacturing thermoplastic polymers. Preconnected to fabrication, mechanically loaded parts are examined in structural simulation. A crucial prerequisite for a valid structural simulation for any material is the underlying material data. To determine this data, different phenomena must be considered such as influences of load type, strain rate, environmental conditions and in case of fiber reinforced materials the fiber orientation (FO) in the considered area. Because of rheological effects, injection molded parts often possess a non-homogeneous FO distribution. This makes it challenging to create testing plates for specimen extraction with a well-defined FO over thickness and width in the considered area. In this paper, a novel testing part is introduced with an unidirectionally oriented testable area. It shows a FO degree of more than 0.75, which has been validated with μ-CT measurement and two thermoplastic materials: polyamide and polybutylene terephthalate, both reinforced with 30 weight percent of short glass fibers. In order to resolve influences of the already addressed FO distribution in injection molded parts, tensile test specimens need to be extracted out of specially designed plates via milling and cannot be injection molded directly. Experiments were carried out to study possible effects of preparation on the mechanical properties of specimens with both materials and two milling parameter sets. The first milling parameter set creates reproducible surface roughnesses, whereas the second parameter set shows a correlation between FO and roughness value: when milling perpendicularly to the main FO lower roughnesses are reached than milling in fiber direction. Uncertainties of the normalized rupture strain from orthogonally extracted specimens seem to be larger than the values from those extracted in fiber direction.
Challenges and Coping: Perspectives of Syrian and Iraqi Refugee Youth in Germany
Authors: Alhaddad Lina , Goodwin Robin , Kanngiesser Patricia
Published: November 2021

Refugee youth constitute around a third of the refugee population in Germany. We studied the experiences of newly arrived Syrian and Iraqi refugee youth, aged 14 to 18 years ( N = 20), in Germany. We utilized semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to investigate (a) the main challenges faced by youth and (b) their main coping resources to deal with these challenges. We grouped challenges into three levels: the individual level, the immediate social level, and the broader societal level. The most frequently mentioned challenges in our sample related to psychological wellbeing, school, friendship, accommodation, and discrimination. Youth reported relying on social support (friends, family, social services) and on themselves (through avoidance, persistence, activity seeking, active engagement) to cope with their challenges. Our findings provide insights into refugee youth’s experiences in Germany, encompassing the acculturative, developmental, and generational aspects of their lives and demonstrating their coping and resilience. We discuss our results in relation to the literature on refugee youth in high-income countries.
“We Support You … to an Extent”: Identities, Intersections, and Family Support Among First-Generation Students in a School of Social Work
Authors: Mosier Miranda
Published: November 2021

Family support is a critical part of college student retention. Given the strength of parental educational attainment in predicting access and persistence among college students (Choy, 2001), some have questioned the capacity for families to support first-generation college students. Family support may be especially critical for first-generation college students, who value interdependence more highly than continuing generation students (Stephens et al., 2012). This paper centers the perspectives of first-generation students in a school of social work and their experiences of family support. Focus group conversations were analyzed using the Listening Guide/Voice-centered relational data analysis (Brown & Gilligan, 1992). My interpretations were also guided by Black Feminist Thought (Crenshaw, 2000; Hill Collins, 1990) and Post-Modern Feminism (Campbell & Wasco, 2000), offering an intersectional, relationally-focused analysis of the nuances of family support. Findings highlight students’ perceptions of family support, and the role that cultural expectations related to gender, race, and class play in shaping contradictory messages of family support. I offer implications for educators in schools of social work, including troubling narratives of social mobility, as part of the larger project of enhancing social justice in academia (Saulnier & Swigonski, 2006).
The Mentor’s Role From the Perspective of Marginalized Young Women Becoming Mentors: Photovoice-Based Research
Authors: Malka Menny , Komem Michal , Eyal-Lubling Roni , Lerner-Ganor Ella
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the perspective of marginalized young women, training to become mentors for marginalized girls, with respect to the role of the mentor. Taking a critical feminist perspective, this article gives expression to the research participants’ unique knowledge, based on life experience as marginalized girls and their lived experiences. Based on a photovoice research project with 13 participants, all marginalized young women, the findings of this paper identify three main narratives regarding the mentoring role: (1) Mentoring as a relationship; (2) Mentoring as an action for the future; and (3) Organizational belongness—the organization hosting the participants serving as an ideological, value-based, and professional home, enabling the growth of the mentor in her role. The conclusions of the article argue that marginalized young women experience mentoring as a practice that expands beyond its rational aspects, embodying within it a corrective experience of relationships and an opportunity for social change.
Complex PTSD in Chinese Adolescents Exposed to Childhood Trauma: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Tian Yuxin , Li Wenqi , Wu Xinchun , Cheng Xiaochun
Published: November 2021

Although numerous studies have supported the idea that complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is a distinct disorder from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and demonstrated that childhood interpersonal trauma is an important risk factor for CPTSD, few studies have examined the validity of CPTSD in adolescents, especially in non-Western contexts. Moreover, the question of which form of child maltreatment plays the most important role in predicting CPTSD, and how CPTSD is associated with psychological health, physical health, and social function among adolescents, is not clear. The present study used a Chinese high school student sample with childhood trauma experiences ( N = 395) to address these questions. Latent profile analysis indicated that there were four subgroups in our sample: Low symptoms (54.43%), Disturbance of self-organization (DSO, 18.99%), PTSD (15.95%), and CPTSD (10.63%). Further analysis revealed that emotional abuse was an important risk factor for CPTSD. In addition, the CPTSD class showed the highest levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as the lowest levels of life satisfaction and physical health. This study revealed that CPTSD is a distinct disorder from PTSD in Chinese adolescents exposed to childhood trauma. It provides evidence that emotional abuse might be an important risk factor for CPTSD, and demonstrates that CPTSD is accompanied by serious psychological and physical consequences in adolescents. We suggest that parents and educators should focus more on adolescents’ emotional needs, avoid using negative ways such as verbal violence to express love, and pay more attention to adolescents’ DSO symptoms in parenting, teaching practices and clinical interventions.
Electromagnetic torque prediction and harmonic reduction of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles using an analytical method
Authors: Wu Zhipeng , Zuo Shuguang , Hu Shenglong , Hu Xiaorui , Chen Siyue , Liu Chang
Published: November 2021

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) have been widely used as drive machines in electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high torque density. However, the torque ripple of IPMSMs will result in severe noise and vibration. This paper proposes a new analytical method for electromagnetic torque prediction and harmonic reduction of IPMSM. On the basis of dq theory, an analytical model of electromagnetic torque is firstly established by taking the permanent magnet flux harmonics and the cross-coupling effect into consideration. And the specific sources and orders of torque harmonics are also determined. Then, the torque-angle characteristics are further studied. In particular, the permanent magnet (PM) torque and the reluctance torque are separated and quantitatively analyzed via the proposed analytical model. Finally, a theoretical method of reducing the specific order torque harmonic by PM shifting is derived and proposed from the perspective of avoiding resonance. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed analytical method are verified by finite-element analysis. The results show that the proposed analytical model is accurate enough to predict the electromagnetic torque performance of IPMSM. Moreover, the electromagnetic torque harmonics with specific orders can be effectively reduced by shifting the PM to an appropriate angle.
Collaborative optimization and energy management of hydraulic hybrid mining trucks
Authors: Li Hongliang , Zhu Denglin , Shang Lihua , Fan Ping
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the fuel economy optimization of a parallel hydraulic hybrid mining truck (HHMT). Considering the influences of various coupled factors, such as the transmission system, energy management strategy, and driving conditions, on the optimization goal, this article proposes the use of a double-layer optimization strategy with a collaborative optimization algorithm that combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a dynamic programming algorithm (DP) to eliminate the mutual effects of these coupled factors. A two-layer optimization model is developed, with powertrain parameters and energy management parameters as the optimization variables and the average fuel consumption under various driving conditions as the target. This model combines a variety of driving conditions to perform global optimization of the transmission system parameters while calculating the optimal energy distribution and analyzing the influences of various factors on the optimization goal. To achieve real-time and reliable control of energy management, the optimal energy management strategy rules obtained under various driving conditions are integrated and extracted, and an improved extraction method compared with the traditional extraction method is proposed. Finally, a rule-based energy management strategy is established. The strategy and optimized transmission system parameters are simulated and verified using a MATLAB and AMESIM joint simulation platform, and the effect of the rule strategy is evaluated. The obtained fuel consumption results are close to the results obtained by PSO-DP optimization, and the strategy is robust. The experiment verifies the effectiveness, feasibility and reliability of the optimization scheme, and extraction rule control strategy.
Stability control of steer by wire system based on improved ADRC
Authors: Zhao Lingfeng , Cao Qinxing , Hu Yanping , Xia Guang , Hu Jinfang , Wang Huiran , Tian Bo
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a stability control method based on active front steering control is proposed to steer by wire system (SBW). The proposed control system consists of an inner-loop angle tracking controller and an outer-loop controller. The inner-loop controller contributes to front steering angle tracking, and it is designed by PID control. The outer-loop controller restrains the effect of disturbance by feeding a compensation steering angle, and it is designed by using Improved Active Disturbances Rejection Control (IADRC) with less adjusted parameters than Active Disturbances Rejection Control (ADRC). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated via numerical simulation and vehicle test. The obtained results show that the proposed controller can improve the handling stability of the SBW system. To a certain extent, the study results promote the research and application of SBW system.
An experimental assessment of combustion and performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine fueled with co-fermentation biogas and gasoline dual fuel
Authors: Ağbulut Ümit , Aydin Mustafa , Karagöz Mustafa , Deniz Emrah , Çiftçi Burak
Published: November 2021

Natural gas, biogas and alcohols are alternative fuels for spark ignition engines which can be used for reducing exhaust emissions and improving performance metrics. At the first stage of the study, a pilot scale biogas system was built, and biogas was produced from a mixture of manure and water called slurry, consisting of 40% cattle manure, 35% water, 17% whey and 8% poultry manure by co-fermentation method. Scrubbing and desulfurization were applied to remove the harmful gasses (CO2, H2S) from the produced biogas in two stages. In the end of the purification process, biogas with a CH4 content of 51%, 57% and 87% was produced. In the second stage, these biogas fuels were used in an SI engine, and their impacts on performance and combustion characteristics were investigated experimentally. A 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, water cooled SI engine with an 11:1 compression ratio was used in the experiments. Tests were conducted at various loads and constant speed. Results showed that daily amount of mean biogas production has reached 1.6 m3/day and biogas methane content has reached 72%. In engine tests, as the methane ratio in biogas increases, cylinder pressure and exhaust temperature values increase and brake specific fuel consumption decreases.
Vibration transmissibility suppression for hydraulic excavators in working conditions via multi-objective optimization
Authors: Chen Yong , Jiang Mian , Wang Daoyong , He Kuanfang
Published: November 2021

The mass variances of materials in buckets and the movements of excavation arms greatly impact powertrain vibration transmissibility in hydraulic excavators under working conditions. If the influence of mass variation among bucket contents and excavation arm motions on vibration transmissibility is not considered, then only limited improvements can be made to vibration isolation performance. In this paper, vibration transmissibility suppression for hydraulic excavators operating under working conditions were studied via multi-objective optimization for stiffness coefficients of suspension elements (SEs). First, the rigid-flexible coupling model of a hydraulic excavator with a flexible base was built using ADAMS software. In the model, the stiffness coefficients of the SEs were the targeted variables with constrained conditions, while the multi-objectives for optimization were the vibration transmissibility and energy decoupling rates of the powertrain. Vibration isolation transmissibility (VIT) of the mounting system was compared between situations with non-optimized and optimized stiffness coefficients. Finally, the amplitude changes of the resultant SE support forces were used to illustrate the effects of powertrain vibration transmissibility suppression. We found that the average value of VITs increases significantly during the optimization process for the stiffness coefficients of SEs, which indicates that the mounting system has better vibration isolation performance. The smaller amplitudes of the resultant support force illustrate the improvements to the performance of vibration transmissibility suppression of the powertrain via the optimization process.
Order-reduced-model based integral sliding mode control of a heavy-duty hydraulic manipulator with disturbances estimation
Authors: Guo Xinping , Wang Hengsheng , He Xin , Sun Xiaoyu , Liu Hui
Published: November 2021

A sliding mode control method is adapted to the trajectory tracking and positioning control of a heavy-duty hydraulic manipulator in this article, which shows high performance with the drive of hydraulic proportional valve. The dynamic model of the system is established, the complexity of which is reduced based on the singular perturbation theory to simplify the analysis and the online calculation of the control variable. The extended state observer is developed in the control loop to estimate the real-time disturbances including the parameter uncertainties and load changes of the system. The integral sliding mode control law is designed combining the extended state observer, and the stability of the system is proved theoretically. The experimental results on a heavy-duty hydraulic manipulator show that the proposed control method has high dynamic tracking performance and positioning accuracy, and the proposed extended state observer can effectively resist disturbances.
Long non-coding RNA expression in silicosis and MRAK050699 function in epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Fa-Xuan , Gao Fang-Yu , Liu Xuan , Chen Xi-Yuan , Tian Di , Tian Xue-Yan , Jiao Zi-Ming , Hou Peng-Yi
Published: November 2021

Silicosis is a lung fibrotic disease caused by chronic silica exposure. Aberrations in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression are associated with fibrotic diseases, but the role of lncRNAs in silicosis pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of lncRNAs during silicosis and the role of MRAK050699 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Differentially expressed lncRNAs in the lung tissues of normal and silicosis rats were compared, and their biological effects were determined using the Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. There were 1077 differentially expressed lncRNAs (378 upregulated and 699 downregulated). MRAK052509, MRAK139674, AY539881, MRAK050699, XR_6113, and BC167061 were selected to verify expression in silicosis rats using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. MRAK050699 was knocked down in rat alveolar type II epithelial cells, and the molecular mechanism of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT in these cells was studied. All selected lncRNAs were upregulated in the silicosis rats, consistent with the sequencing results. MRAK050699 knockdown inhibited EMT of RLE-6TN cells by regulating the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, the differential expression of lncRNAs is related to silicosis development, and MRAK050699 plays an important role in EMT, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
The Emperor’s New Clothes: Head-to-Health Centres expand in the absence of evaluation of efficacy
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Bastiampillai Tarun , Allison Stephen , Kisely Stephen R
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To discuss concerns about the Australian federal government announcement of further funding expansion of the Adult Mental Health Centres (AMHCs), now known as Head-to-Health centres.

Conclusions:

The expansion of AMHCs prior to evaluation recapitulates the policy predicaments and perils of the headspace federal-infrastructure allied-health private-practice model. Comprehensive evidence-based mental healthcare planning and practice is needed, rather than stand-alone services of unclear efficacy. We describe the principles of such an approach based upon an evidence-based Health Needs Assessment.
Personal Agency and Community Resilience: Narratives of Women Navigating Health Care With Chronic Lyme Disease
Authors: Morrison Tessalyn , Madaras Sylvia , Larson Charlotte , Harrison Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Chronic Lyme disease can manifest as a debilitating illness with symptoms that change over time. With its varied presentation, timeline variation, diagnostic difficulty, and lack of definitive treatment, clinical recognition of chronic Lyme disease remains controversial. At the same time, patients face challenges in finding a provider who is supportive and knowledgeable about diagnosing and treating Lyme. We examined the ways the medical system may have affected the lived experiences of chronic Lyme patients. In this article, we communicate the personal, health care, and community illness experiences of 14 women navigating the medical system with chronic Lyme disease through a qualitative community-based participatory research study using interviews and narrative reflection in a rural community setting. The women were interviewed by a researcher living with chronic Lyme disease and the transcripts were analyzed for themes. All participants described navigating multiple allopathic and nonallopathic care modalities to find satisfactory care. They struggled with physical and emotional burdens of chronic, nonlinear illness, as well as disbelief and discrimination by medical providers. Their lives followed patterns of illness and wellness, trust and mistrust of medical treatment, and community connection and disengagement. They learned to become their own advocates to seek affirmative care. They are aware of the controversial nature of their illness, and many have channeled their frustrations into caring for one another through their Lyme community. Women living with controversial diagnoses like chronic Lyme disease experience increased challenges navigating the medical system to find satisfactory care and thus create communities with each other for mutual aid and support. In understanding these challenges, the medical community can improve care for people living with contested chronic illnesses.
Robert L. Smith: Visionary Leader, Extraordinary Mentor, & Beloved Colleague
Authors: Southern Stephen , Bradley Loretta
Published: November 2021

This remembrance of Dr. Robert L. Smith, 63rd President of the American Counseling Association, contains recollections, tributes, and anecdotes about the life career of a major contributor to the profession of counseling. Dr. Smith's roles as collaborator and mentor are evidenced in the words of students, colleagues, and leaders. He founded the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors and served as Executive Director of the organization. Personal qualities enabled Dr. Smith to share his gifts with those he mentored. His influence in counselor education will continue through the lives of those who knew and loved him.
The Impacts of Postdivorce Cohabitation and Relationship Duration on the Early Marital Climate of Remarriages
Authors: Crapo J. Scott , Turner Joshua J. , Bradford Kay , Higginbotham Brian J.
Published: November 2021

Postdivorce cohabitation has become increasingly common, but research on the influence of cohabitation on the marital climate of remarriages is limited. Research on first-order marriages suggests that the length (or duration) of the relationship may account for some of the influence of cohabitation. However, there remains a need to understand the influence of cohabitation on the unique experiences of remarriages. Using data from 1,889 newly remarried individuals, we fit mixed-effect models to test the effect of cohabitation and relationship duration on the marital climate indicators of marital quality, marital instability, and remarital problems. Relationship duration, but not cohabitation, was negatively associated with marital quality. Cohabitation, but not relationship duration, was positively associated with marital instability and negatively associated with remarital problems. Results indicate that cohabitation may both benefit and harm remarital climates. This may explain, in part, the inconsistent findings in the literature and highlights the importance of studying remarriages as a unique population.
Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle in Hallux Valgus Deformity. Fact or Fiction? A 3-Dimensional Weightbearing CT Assessment
Authors: Lalevée Matthieu , Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomao , Lee Hee Young , Maly Connor J. , Iehl Caleb J. , Nery Caio , Lintz François , de Cesar Netto Cesar
Published: November 2021

Background

The Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle (DMAA) was previously described as an increase in valgus deformity of the distal articular surface of the first metatarsal (M1) in hallux valgus (HV). Several studies have reported poor reliability of this measurement. Some authors have even called into question its existence and consider it to be the consequence of M1 pronation resulting in projection of the round-shaped lateral edge of M1 head. Our study aimed to compare the DMAA in HV and control populations, before and after computer correction of M1 pronation and plantarflexion with a dedicated weightbearing CT (WBCT) software. We hypothesized that after computerized correction, DMAA will not be increased in HV compared to controls.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective case-control study including 36 HV and 20 control feet. In both groups, DMAA was measured as initially described on conventional radiographs (XR-DMAA) and WBCT by measuring the angle between the distal articular surface and the longitudinal axis of M1. Then, the DMAA was measured after computerized correction of M1 plantarflexion and coronal plane rotation using the α angle (3d-DMAA).

Results:

The XR-DMAA and the 3d-DMAA showed higher significant mean values in HV group compared to controls (respectively 25.9 ± 7.3 vs 7.6 ± 4.2 degrees, P < .001, and 11.9 ± 4.9 vs 3.3 ± 2.9 degrees, P < .001). Comparing a small subset of precorrected juvenile HV (n=8) and nonjuvenile HV (n=28) demonstrated no significant difference in the measure DMAA values. On the other hand, the α angle was significantly higher in the juvenile HV group (21.6 ± 9.9 and 11.4 ± 3.7 degrees; P = .0046).

Conclusion:

Although the valgus deformity of M1 distal articular surface in HV is overestimated on conventional radiographs, comparing to controls showed that an 8.6 degrees increase remained after confounding factors’ correction.

Clinical Relevance:

After pronation computerized correction, an increase in valgus of M1 distal articular surface was still present in HV compared to controls.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective case-control study.