bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hand Carriage of Yeast in Student of Medicine, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory Science: Impact of Infection Control Measures
Authors: Silva Víctor , Silva Ceidy , Silva Coral , Gacitúa Rodrigo , Salas Hernán , Guzmán Neftalí , Alburquenque Claudio , Silva-Abello Viviana
Published: September 2024

We studied yeast hand carriage of 260 healthcare students. We isolated yeasts in 27 students (10.4%), without differences between medicine, nursing, and medical laboratory science programs and gender. A significant lower prevalence of carriage was shown in the clinical cycle (2.7%) compared to the basic cycle (13.5%) (p = 0.022) and the preclinical cycle (13.5%) (p = 0.014). Increased handwashing frequency and the use of alcohol gel and antiseptic soap decreased yeast carriage. Students who applied moisturizing hand cream two or more times a day had a lower frequency of yeast carriage (3.4%) than those who did not use it or used it once a day (16.5%), showing a significant difference (p = 0.016). The most prevalent species was C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (81.5%), followed by Meyerozyma guilliermondii (C. guillermondii) (7.4%), Trichosporon mucoides (7.4%), and R. mucilagenosa (3.7%). One case showed mixed carriage of C. parapsilosis and C. albicans. All strains were sensitive to voriconazole, caspofungin, and anidulafungin. This study shows hand carriage of yeast in health students, mainly by C. parapsilosis, and the frequency of infection control measures and moisturizing hand cream is associated with colonization control.
Paleoenvironmental Transition during the Rhuddanian–Aeronian and Its Implications for Lithofacies Evolution and Shale Gas Exploration: Insights from the Changning Area, Southern Sichuan Basin, South-West China
Authors: Zhu Hangyi
Published: September 2024

During the Rhuddanian–Aeronian interglacial period, global geological events such as glacial melting, synsedimentary volcanic activity, biological resurgence, and large-scale marine transgressions caused frequent fluctuations in paleoproductivity, climate changes, and sea level variations. These paleoenvironmental transitions directly influenced the development characteristics of shale lithofacies. This study investigates the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Changning area in the Southern Sichuan basin, focusing on 28 core samples from Well N1. Using scanning electron microscopy, QEMSCAN, TOC, XRD, and major and trace element analyses, we reconstructed the paleoenvironmental transitions of this period and explored their control over shale lithofacies types and mineral compositions. Four shale lithofacies were identified: carbonate rich lithofacies (CRF), biogenic quartz-rich lithofacies (BQRF), detrital clay-rich lithofacies (CRDF), and detrital quartz-rich lithofacies (DQRF). During the Rhuddanian period, rising global temperatures caused glacial melting and rapid marine transgressions. The low oxygen levels in bottom waters, combined with upwelling and abundant volcanic material, led to high paleoproductivity. This period primarily developed BQRF and CRF. Rich nutrients and abundant siliceous organisms, along with anoxic to anaerobic conditions, provided the material basis and preservation conditions for high biogenic quartz and organic matter content. High paleoproductivity and anoxic conditions also facilitated the precipitation of synsedimentary calcite and supplied Mg2+ and SO42− for the formation of iron-poor dolomite via sulfate reduction. From the Late Rhuddanian to the Mid-Aeronian, the Guangxi orogeny caused sea levels to fall, increasing water oxidation and reducing upwelling and volcanic activity, which lowered paleoproductivity. Rapid sedimentation rates, stepwise global temperature increases, and the intermittent intensification of weathering affected terrigenous clastic input, resulting in the alternating deposition of CRF, CRDF, and DQRF. Two favorable shale gas reservoirs were identified from the Rhuddanian–Aeronian period: Type I (BQRF) in the L1–L3 Layers, characterized by high TOC and brittleness, and Type II (DQRF) in the L4 Layer, with significant detrital quartz content. The Type I-favorable reservoir supports ongoing gas production, and the Type II-favorable reservoir offers potential as a future exploration target.
Fast Elemental Analysis of Heavy Mineral Suites by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-Unity BEX)
Authors: Buckman Jim , Gough Amy , Webb Max
Published: September 2024

Developments in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have introduced instant live coloured SEM images based on elemental composition. Here, we use a technique utilising a Unity BEX detector system, with collection speeds up to 100 times faster than typical standard energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis systems, to obtain large area backscattered and elemental composition maps of heavy mineral (HM) suites from a sample from an Oligocene fluvio-deltaic system in the Central Myanmar Basin. The fast X-ray collection rate and a high-resolution backscattered (BSE) detector allow for rapid imaging of polished blocks, thin sections, and stubs. Individual HM species can be rapidly classified, allowing for the subsequent collection of compositional and morphological metrics. In addition, the identification of grains such as zircon and apatite allow for further analysis by cathodoluminescence (CL) to identify and record the presence of growth zonation, which is critical for further U-Pb geochronology and thermochronology, using fission track analysis of apatite, zircon, and titanite. The sample used in this study contains a diverse heavy mineral suite due to the complex tectonic history of Myanmar, juxtaposing multiple metamorphic basement terranes alongside volcanic arcs and obducted ophiolites. This, along with the textural and mineralogical immaturity of the sediments themselves (governed by short transport systems and the rapid weathering of the sources), means that a wide variety of heavy mineral species can be identified and tested using this new technique, which provides a time-efficient method in comparison to traditional optical techniques. As the Unity BEX detector is located at the polepiece, it is relatively insensitive to working distance; in addition, the geometry of paired X-ray detectors on either side of the polepiece (at 180°) means that the system is also capable of fully characterising individual particles, on uncut and unpolished grain mounts, without artefacts such as particle shadowing. The development of a more comprehensive heavy mineral EDX database (library) will improve the accuracy of this new technique, as will the correlation with other techniques such as Raman spectroscopy.
Impact of Silver Incorporation and Flash-Lamp-Annealing on the Photocatalytic Response of Sputtered ZnO Films
Authors: Álvarez-Fraga Leo , Gago Raúl , Calatayud David G. , Prucnal Slawomir , Sánchez Olga
Published: September 2024

Thin films of silver-doped zinc oxide (SZO) were deposited at room temperature using a DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique using two independent Zn and Ag targets. The crystallographic structure, chemical composition and surface morphology of SZO films with different silver concentrations were correlated with the photocatalytic (PC) properties. The crystallization of the SZO films was made using millisecond range flash-lamp-annealing (FLA) treatments. FLA induces significant structural ordering of the wurtzite structure and an in-depth redistribution of silver, resulting in the formation of silver agglomerates. The wurtzite ZnO structure is observed for silver contents below 10 at.% where Ag is partially incorporated into the oxide matrix, inducing a decrease in the optical band-gap. Regardless of the silver content, all the as-grown SZO films do not exhibit any significant PC activity. The best PC response is achieved for samples with a relatively low Ag content (2–5 at.%) after FLA treatment. The enhanced PC activity of SZO upon FLA can be attributed to structural ordering and the effective band-gap narrowing through the combination of silver doping and the plasmonic effect caused by the formation of Ag clusters.
Microfluidics and Nanofluidics in Strong Light–Matter Coupling Systems
Authors: Granizo Evelyn , Kriukova Irina , Escudero-Villa Pedro , Samokhvalov Pavel , Nabiev Igor
Published: September 2024

The combination of micro- or nanofluidics and strong light–matter coupling has gained much interest in the past decade, which has led to the development of advanced systems and devices with numerous potential applications in different fields, such as chemistry, biosensing, and material science. Strong light–matter coupling is achieved by placing a dipole (e.g., an atom or a molecule) into a confined electromagnetic field, with molecular transitions being in resonance with the field and the coupling strength exceeding the average dissipation rate. Despite intense research and encouraging results in this field, some challenges still need to be overcome, related to the fabrication of nano- and microscale optical cavities, stability, scaling up and production, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and real-time control and monitoring. The goal of this paper is to summarize recent developments in micro- and nanofluidic systems employing strong light–matter coupling. An overview of various methods and techniques used to achieve strong light–matter coupling in micro- or nanofluidic systems is presented, preceded by a brief outline of the fundamentals of strong light–matter coupling and optofluidics operating in the strong coupling regime. The potential applications of these integrated systems in sensing, optofluidics, and quantum technologies are explored. The challenges and prospects in this rapidly developing field are discussed.
Fueling the Heart: What Are the Optimal Dietary Strategies in Heart Failure?
Authors: Ataran Anahita , Pompian Alexander , Hajirezaei Hamidreza , Lodhi Rehman , Javaheri Ali
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is a global health concern with rising incidence and poor prognosis. While the essential role of nutritional and dietary strategies in HF patients is acknowledged in the existing scientific guidelines and clinical practice, there are no comprehensive nutritional recommendations for optimal dietary management of HF. Methods: In this review, we discuss results from recent studies on the obesity paradox and the effects of calorie restriction and weight loss, intermittent fasting, the Western diet, the Mediterranean diet, the ketogenic diet, and the DASH diet on HF progression. Results: Many of these strategies remain under clinical and basic investigation for their safety and efficacy, and there is considerable heterogeneity in the observed response, presumably because of heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of different types of HF. In addition, while specific aspects of cardiac metabolism, such as changes in ketone body utilization, might underlie the effects of certain dietary strategies on the heart, there is a critical divide between supplement strategies (i.e., with ketones) and dietary strategies that impact ketogenesis. Conclusion: This review aims to highlight this gap by exploring emerging evidence supporting the importance of personalized dietary strategies in preventing progression and improving outcomes in the context of HF.
Dietary Shifts since COVID-19: A Study of Racial Differences
Authors: Monroe-Lord Lillie , Ardakani Azam , Jackson Phronie , Asongwed Elmira , Duan Xuejing , Schweitzer Amy , Jeffery Tia , Johnson-Largent Tiffany , Harrison Elgloria
Published: September 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the quality and quantity of people’s food consumption. Objective: This study aimed to explore the dietary shifts among different racial groups resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on changes in consumption across various food categories. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 10,050 urban residents aged 40–100 years across the United States. Dietary patterns among African American, Asian, Hispanic, and White populations were assessed before and since the pandemic (retrospective condition) using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). The DST investigates consumption trends in food groups aligned with the MyPlate guidelines, plus fat, sugar, and sweet (FSS) intake and processed meats. Results: This study found significant shifts in food consumption patterns among racial groups since COVID-19. The data indicate that African American individuals largely reduced their consumption of several food groups compared to White individuals, with a 43% decrease in processed meats, 42% in dairy, 36% in lean protein, 21% in fruit, 17% in grains, and 15% in FSS, although their vegetable consumption did not significantly decrease. African American individuals also consumed 66% less processed meat, 57% less dairy, and 30% less lean protein in comparison to Asian individuals. Hispanic individuals also showed a tendency to reduce their consumption more than White individuals, with a 34% decrease in dairy, 28% in vegetables, and 24% in fruit. In contrast, Asian individuals consumed 37% less FSS and 34% less grains than White individuals. Additionally, when compared to Asian individuals, Hispanic individuals consumed 49% less dairy and 47% less processed meat. The findings also revealed that African American individuals were the most nutritionally vulnerable group since the pandemic. Specifically, they were 38% and 35% more likely to be considered at nutritional risk than Asians and White participants, respectively. Conclusions: These findings illuminate the considerable dietary shifts induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasize the critical need to address the racial disparities in nutritional vulnerability and public health policy.
Changes in Digestive Health, Satiety and Overall Well-Being after 14 Days of a Multi-Functional GI Primer Supplement
Authors: Nekrasov Elena , Vita Alexandra Adorno , Bradley Ryan , Contractor Nikhat , Gunaratne Nadeesha M. , Kuehn Marissa , Kitisin Rick , Patel Deval , Woods Erin , Zhou Bo
Published: September 2024

A recent review proposed a role for multi-functional food or supplement products in priming the gut to support both digestive and systemic health. Accordingly, we designed and eva-luated the effect of a multi-functional gastrointestinal (GI) primer supplement on participant-reported measures for digestive health, quality-of-life (e.g., energy/vitality and general health), and reasons for satiation (e.g., attitudes towards food and eating). In this single-arm clinical trial, 68 participants with mild digestive symptoms consumed the GI primer supplement daily for 14 days. Digestive symptoms were evaluated daily from baseline (Day 0) through Day 14. At baseline and Day 14, participants reported their stool consistency, reasons for satiation, and quality-of-life measures using validated questionnaires. At Day 14, participants reported significant improvements in all (13/13) digestive symptom parameters (p-values < 0.05) and an increase in % of stools with normal consistencies. There were significant improvements (p-values < 0.05) in energy/vitality and general health, and in specific attitudes towards food and eating (e.g., physical satisfaction, planned amount, decreased eating priority, decreased food appeal, and self-consciousness). Results suggest the GI primer supplement promotes digestive health, improves quality of life, and impacts attitudes towards food/eating. This study provides preliminary support for the gut priming hypothesis through which multi-functional digestive products may improve GI health.
Mechanisms of NMDA Receptor Inhibition by Biguanide Compounds
Authors: Zhigulin Arseniy S. , Novikova Anastasiya O. , Barygin Oleg I.
Published: September 2024

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are inhibited by many medicinal drugs. The recent successful repurposing of NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and dextromethorphan for the treatment of major depressive disorder further enhanced the interest in this field. In this work, we performed a screening for the activity against native NMDA receptors of rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons among biguanide compounds using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. Antimalarial biguanides proguanil and cycloguanil, as well as hypoglycemic biguanide phenformin, inhibited them in micromolar concentrations, while another hypoglycemic biguanide metformin and antiviral biguanide moroxydine were practically ineffective. IC50 values at −80 mV holding voltage were 3.4 ± 0.6 µM for cycloguanil, 9.0 ± 2.2 µM for proguanil and 13 ± 1 µM for phenformin. The inhibition by all three compounds was not competitive. Cycloguanil acted as an NMDA receptor voltage-dependent trapping channel blocker, while proguanil and phenformin acted as allosteric inhibitors. Our results support the potential clinical repurposing of biguanide compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders linked to glutamatergic excitotoxicity while also providing a better understanding of structural determinants of NMDA receptor antagonism by biguanides.
Multitarget-Directed Ligands Hitting Serotonin Receptors: A Medicinal Chemistry Survey
Authors: Ghafir El Idrissi Imane , Santo Angela , Lacivita Enza , Leopoldo Marcello
Published: September 2024

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a ubiquitous neurotransmitter in the human body. In the central nervous system, 5-HT affects sleep, pain, mood, appetite, and attention, while in the peripheral nervous system, 5-HT modulates peristalsis, mucus production, and blood vessel dilation. Fourteen membrane receptors mediate 5-HT activity. In agreement with the crucial roles played by 5-HT, many drugs target 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs). Therefore, it is unsurprising that many efforts have been devoted to discovering multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) capable of engaging one or more 5-HTRs plus another target phenotypically linked to a particular disease. In this review, we will describe medicinal chemistry efforts in designing MTDLs encompassing activity for one or more 5-HTRs, starting with atypical antipsychotics and moving to dual 5-HT1AR/serotonin transporter ligands, 5-HT6R antagonists/acetyl cholinesterases inhibitors, and 5-HT4R agonists/acetyl cholinesterases inhibitors. We will also provide an outlook on the most recent efforts made in the field.
Aerosol of Enoximone/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex, Biopharmaceutical Evidence for ARDS Applicability
Authors: Migone Chiara , Grassiri Brunella , Vizzoni Lucia , Fabiano Angela , Ferro Baldassare , Zambito Ylenia , Piras Anna Maria
Published: September 2024

Background: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are gaining interest in the context of pulmonary pathologies. In particular, the PDE3 inhibitor enoximone (ENXM) has shown potential relative to the cure of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite its administration via inhalation being planned for use against COVID-19 related ARDS (C-ARDS), presently, no inhalable medicine containing ENXM is available. Objectives: This study aims to develop a new formulation suitable for pulmonary administration of ENXM. Methods: A solution for nebulization, based on the complex between ENXM and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) (ENXM/HPβCD) is developed. The obtained solution is characterized in terms of aerodynamic distributions and biopharmaceutical features. Results: The evaluation of the aerosol droplets indicates a good bronchi–lung distribution of the drug. Biological evaluations of the air–liquid interface (ALI) in an in vitro lung cell model demonstrates that ENXM/HPβCD is capable of a local direct effect, increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and protecting from oxidative stress. Conclusions: This study offers a promising advance in the optimization of enoximone delivery to the lungs.
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer with a Neurotensin–Bombesin Radioligand Combination—First Preclinical Results
Authors: Bibika Maria , Kanellopoulos Panagiotis , Rouchota Maritina , Loudos George , Nock Berthold A. , Krenning Eric P. , Maina Theodosia
Published: September 2024

Background: The concept of radiotheranostics relies on the overexpression of a biomolecular target on malignant cells to direct diagnostic/therapeutic radionuclide-carriers specifically to cancer lesions. The concomitant expression of more than one target in pathological lesions may be elegantly exploited to improve diagnostic sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy. Toward this goal, we explored a first example of a combined application of [99mTc]Tc-DT11 (DT11, N4-Lys(MPBA-PEG4)-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu-OH; NTS1R-specific) and [99mTc]Tc-DB7(DB7, N4-PEG2-DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHEt; GRPR-specific) in prostate cancer models. Methods: Accordingly, the behavior of [99mTc]Tc-DT11 was compared with that of the [99mTc]Tc-DT11+[99mTc]Tc-DB7 mixture in prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells and xenografts in mice. The impact of stabilizing both radiotracers by Entresto®, as a source of the potent neprilysin inhibitor sacubitrilat, was also investigated. Results: The PC-3 cell binding of the [99mTc]Tc-DT11+[99mTc]Tc-DB7 mixture surpassed that of [99mTc]Tc-DT11. Likewise, the PC-3 tumor uptake of the [99mTc]Tc-DT11+[99mTc]Tc-DB7 mixture at 4 h post-injection was superior (7.70 ± 0.89%IA/g) compared with [99mTc]Tc-DT11 (4.23 ± 0.58%IA/g; p < 0.0001). Treatment with Entresto® led to further enhancement of the tumor uptake (to 11.57 ± 1.92%IA/g; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, this first preclinical study on prostate cancer models revealed clear advantages of dual NTS1R/GRPR targeting, justifying further assessment of this promising concept in other cancer models.
Development of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI)-Based Double-Stranded RNA Detection Method with Application in mRNA-Based Therapeutics and Vaccines
Authors: Silas Dharia Sara , Juneja Bindiya , Kaur Keerat , Narayanareddy Gari Muralikrishna , You Yingjian , Moon Youmi , Chen Yizhuo , Arora Srishti , Hansen Johanna , Muthusamy Kathir , Fu Yue , Palackal Nisha , Pyles Erica A.
Published: September 2024

Background: In vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA has been established as a promising platform for therapeutics and vaccine development. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a major impurity of IVT mRNA and can trigger unfavored immune responses, potentially causing adverse events in patients. Existing dsRNA detection and quantitation methods, such as gel electrophoresis, ELISA, or homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF), have low sensitivity or are time-consuming. A recently published lateral flow immunoassay (LFSA) was shown to be fast, but it lacks the sensitivity for dsRNA with uridine modifications. Methods: In this study, we provided a possible explanation for the reduced sensitivity of existing quantitation methods for dsRNA with modified uridines by characterizing the binding affinities of commonly used anti-dsRNA antibodies. Then, a rapid and sensitive biolayer interferometry (BLI) dsRNA detection assay utilizing Flock House Virus (FHV) B2 protein was developed to overcome the challenges in dsRNA detection and the reduced sensitivity. Results: This assay allows the detection of dsRNA with different uridine modifications (ψ, m1ψ, 5 moU) with similar sensitivity as dsRNA without modification. Furthermore, we demonstrated this method can be used to quantify both short and long dsRNA, as well as hairpin-structured dsRNA, providing a more comprehensive detection for dsRNA impurities. Moreover, we applied this assay to monitor dsRNA removal through a purification process. Conclusions: Taken together, this BLI method could enable real-time monitoring of impurities in IVT mRNA production to prevent immunogenicity stemming from dsRNA.
Kilowatt-Level High-Efficiency Narrow-Linewidth All-Fiber Tm3+-Doped Laser
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Zhao Qilai , Liu Hang , Sun Yuxin , Li Jialong , Zheng Junjie , Yuan Ye , Zhang Qianwen , Yang Changsheng , Feng Yujun , Sun Yinhong , Yang Zhongmin , Xu Shanhui
Published: September 2024

In this study, a kilowatt-level high-efficiency narrow-linewidth all-fiber Tm3+-doped continuous-wave laser operating at 1.95 μm is demonstrated. Benefitting from an advanced boost design of a two-stage main amplifier, it not only effectively manages heat dissipation resulting from the high pump-induced quantum defect but also realizes the controlled extraction of optical gain and improves the optical conversion efficiency. Finally, this laser system has realized an output power of 1018 W, a linewidth of 3.8 GHz, and a slope efficiency of 60.0% simultaneously. Moreover, a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of over 45 dB and excellent beam quality of M2 factors 1.19 are obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the narrowest linewidth and highest slope efficiency achieved in a kilowatt-level Tm³⁺-doped fiber laser. Such a high-performance laser is ideally suited for mid-infrared generation and remote sensing applications.
Quality Assessment of Perovskite Solar Cells: An Industrial Point of View
Authors: Lago Nicolò , Moretti Francesco , Tormena Noah , Caria Alessandro , Buffolo Matteo , De Santi Carlo , Trivellin Nicola , Cester Andrea , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo , Matteocci Fabio , Barichello Jessica , Vesce Luigi , Di Carlo Aldo , Quartiani Federico
Published: September 2024

The mass production of photovoltaic (PV) devices requires fast and reliable characterization methods and equipment. PV manufacturers produce a complete module roughly every 20 s, and the electrical performance assessment is typically completed in less than 1 s. Times are even more stringent during cell manufacturing. To be competitive in the PV market, perovskite solar cells and modules aim to the same target, i.e., fast and reliable quality assessment. This communication report discusses the limit of characterizing the current perovskite technology. Standard current vs voltage measurements are compared to maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and a fast MPPT procedure is developed to meet the highly demand standard for quality control in the industry of PV production.
Bioinformatic and Phenotypic Analysis of AtPCP-Ba Crucial for Silique Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Guangxia , Wu Xiaobin , Zhu Ziguo , Li Tinggang , Tang Guiying , Liu Li , Wu Yusen , Ma Yujiao , Han Yan , Liu Kai , Han Zhen , Li Xiujie , Yang Guowei , Li Bo
Published: September 2024

Silique development exerts significant impacts on crop yield. CRPs (Cysteine-rich peptides) can mediate cell–cell communication during plant reproduction and development. However, the functional characterization and regulatory mechanisms of CRPs in silique development remain unclear. In this study, we identified many CRP genes downstream of the CRP gene TPD1 (TAPETUM DETERMINANT1) during silique development using a microarray assay. The novel Arabidopsis thaliana pollen-borne CRPs, the PCP-Bs (for pollen coat protein B-class) gene AtPCP-Ba, along with TPD1, are essential for silique development. The AtPCP-Ba was significantly down-regulated in tpd1 flower buds but up-regulated in OE-TPD1 flower buds and siliques. The silencing of AtPCP-Ba compromised the wider silique of OE-TPD1 plants and inhibited the morphology of OE-TPD1 siliques to the size observed in the wild type. A total of 258 CRPs were identified with the bioinformatic analysis in Arabidopsis, Brassica napus, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, and Zea mays. Based on the evolutionary tree classification, all CRP members can be categorized into five subgroups. Notably, 107 CRP genes were predicted to exhibit abundant expression in flowers and fruits. Most cysteine-rich peptides exhibited high expression levels in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus. These findings suggested the involvement of the CRP AtPCP-Ba in the TPD1 signaling pathway, thereby regulating silique development in Arabidopsis.
Performance Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Fabric-Reinforced Formaldehyde-Free High-Strength Plywood
Authors: Wang Yuanwu , Tang Qiheng , Chen Xueqi , Luo Xiaoxi , Zhang Fenghao , Zhou Guanwu , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lei , Meng Yuan , Ren Yiping , Chang Liang , Guo Wenjing
Published: September 2024

Plywood is lightweight, strong, and durable, making it a widely used material in building decoration and furniture areas. In this study, formaldehyde-free, high-strength plywood was prepared through the incorporation of carbon fiber fabrics (CFFs) as reinforcement layers and their bonding with maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) films. Various tests were performed to assess the impact of the carbon fiber fabric positioning on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood, including tensile shear strength, flexural strength, water absorption, thickness swelling, and electro-thermal properties. The results revealed that the plywood with CFFs exhibited significantly higher mechanical properties than plywood without CFFs. Particularly, the addition of CFFs increased the tensile strength of the plywood by nearly 54.43%, regardless of the CFFs’ position. The symmetric placement of CFFs near the bottom and upper layers of the plywood resulted in a maximum modulus of rupture of 85.6 MPa. These findings were validated by numerical simulations. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the plywood microstructures revealed that MAPE penetrated both the vessels and xylem of the wood veneers and the pores of the CFFs, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the plywood. Plywood reinforced with CFFs exhibited increased water absorption and thickness swelling after immersion. Additionally, the placement of CFFs influenced the electro-thermal properties of the plywood. Plywood with CFFs positioned near the bottom and upper surfaces exhibited superior thermal conductivity. Overall, this study presents a feasible method for developing high-performance, formaldehyde-free plywood and sustainable wood-based structural materials with potential applications in geothermal flooring.
Study of the Effect of Phosvitin as a Potential Carrier on the Permeation Process of Somatotropin (STH) and Corticotropin (ACTH) from Biodegradable Polymers Used as Vehicles for STH and ACTH in Semi-Solid Formulations for Skin Application
Authors: Siemiradzka Wioletta , Kędzierska Karolina , Rynk Wojciech , Dolińska Barbara
Published: September 2024

Phosvitin shows chelating abilities, an affinity for ACTH (corticotropin), growth factors, antioxidant properties, and acidic nature. An attempt was made to use this protein in hydrogels as a transporter of other protein substances: somatotropin (STH) and (ACTH). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of phosvitin on the permeation of ACTH and STH from semi-solid forms of the drug applied to the skin. Four hydrogel substrates were prepared using natural polymers: sodium alginate, methylcellulose, and starch. Based on the evaluation of physicochemical parameters, the hydrogel with the most favorable properties was selected and loaded with the active substances STH and ACTH, followed by the addition of phosvitin. A study of the permeation of STH and ACTH through the artificial cellulose membrane and through porcine skin was carried out without and with the addition of phosvitin. The effect of protein substances on rheological and textural parameters was studied. The evaluation of physicochemical parameters showed a favorable effect of STH and Phosvitin on the stability of the hydrogel with 4% methylcellulose and no effect of ACTH. All prepared formulations showed a reaction close to the natural pH of human skin. In the porcine skin permeation study, the addition of Phosvitin to the hydrogel with STH caused a slight increase in the amount of STH permeated and an increase in the time for STH to permeate porcine skin by 30 min. Phosvitin caused an increase in the amount of ACTH permeated through porcine skin almost twofold. Phosvitin may prove to be a promising permeation promoter for model protein-peptide substances when applied to the skin surface.
Updated Static Influential Factor Analysis for Unidirectional Carbon-Based Composites
Authors: Kwon Bae Jun , Kim Chan-Jung
Published: September 2024

The orientation of carbon fibers significantly affects the dynamic properties of unidirectional carbon-based composites (UCBCs), with variations under different static loads. A previous study analyzed changes in the modal parameters of UCBC structures by using the static load influential factor (SLIF). This study introduces a revised SLIF, derived from a simplified formulation that accounts for shifts in resonance frequency and the in-phase relationship between static load and modal response. The revised SLIF is theoretically linked to the modal participation factor in UCBC structures. The dynamic behavior of UCBCs was studied across six modes—four bending and two torsional—using specimens with five carbon fiber orientations, from 0 to 90 degrees. The revised SLIF showed significant effects in two robust specimens, #1 and #2, and an isotropic SUS304 specimen subjected to uniaxial pre-static load, with resonance frequency variations under 0.16%. In contrast, the original SLIF gave negligible results in the fifth mode due to a damping term, which, when multiplied by the resonance frequency, led to an undetectable indicator. Therefore, the revised SLIF more effectively captures the static load’s impact on UCBC dynamic behavior compared with the original method.
Development and Evaluation of Oromucosal Spray Formulation Containing Plant-Derived Compounds for the Treatment of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Maslii Yuliia , Herbina Nataliia , Dene Lina , Ivanauskas Liudas , Bernatoniene Jurga
Published: September 2024

According to data in the literature, natural products and essential oils are often used in dental practice. To develop a new oromucosal spray for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, clove CO2 extract and essential oils of lavender and grapefruit were used as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Clove extract was obtained by the method of subcritical extraction from various raw materials, the choice of which was based on the yield of the CO2 extract and the study of its phytochemical and microbiological properties. Based on the results of microscopic and diffraction analyses, the rational time of ultrasonic exposure for the emulsion of active pharmaceutical ingredients was established. Mucoadhesive polymers were used as stabilizers of the two-phase system and prolongators. This article discusses the impact of the type and concentration of mucoadhesive polymers on the stability of the emulsion system; the viscous, textural, adhesive, and film characteristics of oromucosal spray; and the parameters determining sprayability.
Research on Strength of Bilateral Support Bearing of PDC–Cone Hybrid Bit
Authors: Liu Baxian , Yang Liyuan , Pian Xiaoxuan , Xie Rui , Chen Ting , Huang Kuilin
Published: September 2024

The existing PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact)–cone hybrid bit bearing adopts a unilateral support structure, which is prone to stress concentration in the journal area, resulting in fracture and wear failure of the bearing, thus reducing the service life of the hybrid bit. In this paper, a new type of double supported bearing hybrid bit is proposed. The static strength analysis of unilateral and bilateral support bearing structures is carried out by finite element simulation, and the stress and strain distribution of the two structures under loads of 20–100 kN is obtained. Experimental devices for unilateral and bilateral support bearing structures are designed and manufactured to complete 50–100 kN static pressure loading experiments. The results show that the stress and strain of unilateral and bilateral support bearing increased linearly with the increase of load. Compared with unilateral bearing, when the load was 100 kN, the maximum Mises stress of bilateral bearing decreased from 358.80 MPa to 211.10 MPa, with a decrease of 41.16%. The maximum contact stress decreased from 415.20 MPa to 378.10 MPa, a decreased of 8.94%, and the maximum principal strain decreased from 1.101 × 10−3 to 9.71 × 10−4, a decrease of 11.81%. The axial strain in the danger zone was reduced by 14.68% and 17.35%, respectively. It is found that the contact stress of the simulation data is highly correlated with the bearing life, and the service life of the bilateral bearing bit is increased by 8.94%. The simulation data and experimental results provide data support for the production of hybrid bits with bilateral bearing support.
Design and Analysis of Small Fallen Leaf Collection, Crushing, and Recycling Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Liu Haibin , Liu Chang , Zhao Zhengyu , Han Wenchao , Yin Lvfa , Guo Anfu
Published: September 2024

Leaf recycling, a crucial component of urban environmental protection, aims to systematically collect and reuse fallen leaves on streets. At present, fallen leaves are usually cleaned manually by sanitation workers, and environmental protection departments then use special cars to transport fallen leaves to treatment stations for incineration. This not only requires a significant amount of labor and material resources but also causes air pollution and wastes fallen leaves. In this study, a collecting, crushing, and recycling vehicle was designed to solve this problem. The proposed device significantly improves the efficiency of collecting fallen leaves and facilitates their secondary utilization. The design process is described in detail, including the working design of the entire device, static analysis, and transmission system design. The entire vehicle model was 3D printed to verify that the initial design concept satisfies the assembly and production requirements of the device.
Catalytic Potential-Guided Design of Multi-Enzymatic System for DHA Production from Glycerol
Authors: Fernández-Pizarro Carolina , Wilson Lorena , Romero Oscar
Published: September 2024

The growing demand for sustainable chemical production has spurred significant interest in biocatalysis. This study is framed within the biocatalytic production of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) from glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel manufacturing. The main goal of this study is to address the challenge of identifying the optimal operating conditions. To achieve this, catalytic potential, a lumped parameter that considers both the activity and stability of immobilized biocatalysts, was used to guide the design of a multi-enzymatic system. The multi-enzymatic system comprises glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) and NADH oxidase (NOX). The enzymatic oxidation of glycerol to DHA catalyzed by GlyDH requires the cofactor NAD+. The integration of NOX into a one-pot reactor allows for the in situ regeneration of NAD+, enhancing the overall efficiency of the process. Furthermore, immobilization on Ni+2 agarose chelated supports, combined with post-immobilization modifications (glutaraldehyde crosslinking for GlyDH), significantly improved the stability and activity of both enzymes. The catalytic potential enabled the identification of the optimal operating conditions, which were 30 °C and pH 7.5, favoring NOX stability. This work establishes a framework for the rational design and optimization of multi-enzymatic systems. It highlights the crucial interplay between individual enzyme properties and process conditions to achieve efficient and sustainable biocatalytic transformations.
Effect of Drying Methods on the Antioxidant Capacity and Bioactive and Phenolic Constituents in the Aerial Parts of Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) Grown Naturally in the Taurus Mountains in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: AlJuhaimi Fahad , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Karrar Emad
Published: September 2024

This research revealed the effect of drying processes on the bioactive properties of marjoram leaves. The total carotenoid content in marjoram leaves ranged between 60.96 µg/g (fresh) and 189.78 µg/g (oven-dried), whereas the total flavonoid content ranged between 949.33 mg CE/100 g (control) and 16,958.59 mg CE/100 g (oven-dried). The total phenolic amounts in marjoram leaves were between 259.17 mg GAE/100 g (fresh) and 1264.17 mg GAE/100 g (oven-dried), while the antioxidant activity values were between 45.23% (fresh) and 77.29% (oven-dried). The 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and (+)-catechin amounts in marjoram leaves were between 19.54 (microwave-dried) and 165.26 (oven-dried) to 20.97 (fresh) and 46.99 mg/100 g (oven-dried), respectively. The kaempferol content in the marjoram plant was specified between 11.45 mg/100 g (fresh) and 43.05 mg/100 g (oven-dried). In general, the quantities of phenolic constituents in the marjoram leaves dried in both drying systems increased compared with fresh samples (except 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, p-coumaric acid, and resveratrol in the microwave-dried samples).
Study on the Equivalent Density Tool and Depressurisation Mechanism of Suction-Type Depressurisation Cycle
Authors: Ren Meipeng , Zhang Xingquan , Xie Renjun , Wang Junyan , Zhu Zhaopeng , Cheng Xuebin , Dou Liangbin
Published: September 2024

In order to further regulate equivalent circulating density (ECD), a novel downhole apparatus for reducing circulating pressure in high-temperature and high-pressure wells, the suction-type ECD reduction tool, was devised. The utilisation of this tool enables the bottomhole pressure of the equivalent circulating density to be attained in close proximity to its hydrostatic pressure, thereby facilitating the attainment of deeper drilling depths. The tool is composed primarily of a screw motor, scroll blades, annular seals, universal joints, and drilling columns. The tool operates by utilising the suction effect and hydraulic energy extracted from the circulating fluid by the screw motor, which is then converted into mechanical energy to create suction and enhance the flow energy of the drilling fluid within the annulus at the bottom of the well, thereby reducing the equivalent circulating density. Furthermore, based on ANSYS-FLUENT analysis simulations, the alteration of pressure drop characteristics in response to varying drilling fluid densities, displacements, and tool sizes was modelled. The simulation results demonstrate that the pressure drop effect is 1.0 MPa when the drilling fluid density is 1.2 g/cm3, 1.7 MPa when the drilling fluid density is 1.5 g/cm3, and 1.9 MPa when the drilling fluid density is 1.8 g/cm3. A pressure drop of approximately 2.3 MPa was observed when the drilling fluid density was 2.0 g/cm3. The maximum pressure drop is achievable with a flow rate ranging from 1500 to 2500 L/min. A maximum pressure drop of 2.3 MPa is observed when the flow rate is within the range of 1500 to 2500 L/min. Two distinct viscosity values (0.02 and 0.06 kg/(m·s)) were employed to assess the impact of viscosity on pressure drop characteristics in a suction-type ECD tool. The results demonstrated that the pressure drop remained largely unaltered, indicating that viscosity had minimal influence on this parameter. The flow rate emerged as the primary factor affecting pressure drop, with viscosity exerting a relatively minor effect.
Tailoring the Surface of Sintered Magnesia–Chromia Catalyst with a Sol–Gel Auto-Combustion Technique
Authors: Periyasamy Thirukumaran , Asrafali Shakila Parveen , Lee Jaewoong
Published: September 2024

The research presented in this work explores two methods for synthesizing supported metal catalysts: wet impregnation method (IM) and sol–gel auto-combustion method (AC). These techniques were used to create a series of magnesium oxide (MgO)-based materials, including pure MgO and MgO-supported chromia catalysts, CrMgX, varying the weight percentage of chromium. The specific materials synthesized are unmodified MgO; MgO loaded with 1, 3, and 5 wt% CrO3 via impregnation; and counterparts prepared with the same loadings using Cr (NO3)3 via sol–gel auto-combustion method. After synthesis, various characterization techniques were utilized to analyze the samples comprehensively. These methods encompass FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and BET surface area analysis. The investigation revealed a clear distinction between the two synthesis methods. While the impregnation method resulted in a greater degree of interaction between the metal oxides, the sol–gel auto-combustion approach yielded materials with superior textural and morphological properties. Significantly, the BET analysis demonstrated that all the MgO and CrMgX catalysts possessed high surface areas. In particular, the CrMg 3 (AC) catalysts synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion exhibited an exceptional surface area of 72 m2 g−1, which is the highest value reported for such materials in the existing literature. This remarkable surface area directly translates to enhanced catalytic activity, making these materials strong contenders for various industrial applications. The research effectively highlights the potential of sol–gel auto-combustion as a method for producing catalysts with outstanding textural properties, a crucial factor for developing high-performance catalysts for industrial processes.
Research on Multi-Parameter Optimization of Conical Roller Line Processing Technology Based on Satisfaction Function
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Xi Yecheng , Xiao Xinhua
Published: September 2024

In the process of conical roller line processing, there will be problems such as low precision of processing parameters, long processing time, low utilization rate of machine tools, high rejection rate, and high processing cost, which will lead to low production efficiency. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to iteratively optimize the size parameters, including inner diameter, ovality, and taper. By obtaining the optimal parameter combination, the size parameters in the production process are kept consistent, that is, the accuracy and performance of the workpiece during the processing are guaranteed so as to avoid the problem of quality difference, improve the production efficiency and reduce the processing cost. In view of the fact that there are often some constraints on the accuracy and efficiency in the machining process of tapered roller lines, how to optimize the parameters affecting the accuracy and the parameters affecting the efficiency to achieve balance between accuracy and efficiency in order to better meet the needs of customers for multi-objective optimization of the machining process has become the focus of research. Based on the existing research, this paper explores the multi-parameter optimization modeling and application in the machining process of tapered roller lines by constructing a satisfaction function, and then uses a genetic algorithm to iteratively search for the optimal solution by simulating natural selection and the genetic mechanism. Based on Python software v3.12, the production process of tapered roller bearings is simulated. The AHP analytic hierarchy process and CRITIC weight method are used to redistribute the parameter weights respectively. After eight iterations, it is concluded that the weight value assigned by the AHP analytic hierarchy process makes the satisfaction function value reach the best value of 0.99795 and tend to converge stably. The optimized parameter configuration significantly improves the machining accuracy and production efficiency of the tapered roller line. The optimal parameter combination is obtained: inner diameter: 9.9982 mm, ovality: 0.7 mm, taper: 0.5 degrees, production efficiency: 101.0.97 piece/h. In order to verify the optimization effect, the single value (X) and moving extreme difference (Rs) control charts in the measurement value control chart are used to analyze and verify the tolerance values of important parameters in the processing technology of the tapered roller line. The results show that the data points are all within the control limit, indicating that the processing process is in a statistical control state.