bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What rules to frame the development of new vineyards plots in Bandol DOP?
Authors: Minvielle Paul , Villier Loïc , Daligaux Jacques , Angles Stéphane
Published: August 2018

The vineyard of Bandol is confronted with an important land pressure in a very urbanized and very touristic area. The new parcels that appear at the northern edge of the vineyard must comply with a certain number of rules in order to maintain the quality and typicality of the wines.
Una base de datos espacial integrada en un Sistema de Información Geográfica para la gestión del terroir: un nuevo sistema consistente e interactivo
Authors: Lázaro-López Alberto , González-SanJosé María L. , Gómez-Miguel Vicente D.
Published: August 2018

Methodology of the Integrated Zoning of the Terroir involve the generation and management of a high volume of big size data that are interrelated conceptually and spatially, of which its analysis and storage is necessary. These actions are critical in the investigation process and, therefore, there is a special interest in an effectively and efficiently data management. The databases are widely used because of their capabilities on integrity, consistency, redundancy and independence of data management as a method for optimizing resources, so the main goal is to develop a spatial database that facilitates the access, management and analysis of the data of the ZIT. The result is TEZISdb, an acronym for Terroir Zoning Information Service Database, a multilocal and multiscalar modeling that allows to collect thematic and spatial data of all environmental factors from terroir as well as functions for its analysis.
Modelling the Terroir of the Douro Demarcated Region, Portugal
Authors: Fraga Helder , Costa Ricardo , Santos João
Published: August 2018

The Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) is one of the main winemaking regions in Portugal. Viticulture is tied to the Douro region, having a strong impact on the local economy. This mountainous region, characterized by the slopes of the Douro Valley, provides a vast range of environmental characteristics for winegrapes. Different climatic conditions, soil characteristics, topography, varieties and practices comprise the Douro terroirs, resulting in the uniqueness of the wines produced. In the current study, an assessment of the homogeneous viticultural zones is proposed for the Douro, by integrating different terroir elements (thermal, hydric, soils, topography and vegetation), using state-of-the-art very-high resolution datasets (1-km) and a large number of variables. A multivariate zoning was carried out using a principal component analysis (PCA) and a subsequent clustering. A geospatial assessment of the terroir elements was also performed separately for each sub-region in the DDR. The connections of the different terroirs prevailing at a given location were also innovatively assessed. This zoning may promote a more appropriate selection of vineyard sites, the selection of more locally-adapted varieties and rootstocks and the adoption of appropriate viticultural practices. The present study may be a standard methodology that can be applied to other winemaking regions worldwide.
Scale effect of viticultural zoning under three contrasting vintages in Chianti Classico area (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Priori Simone , Valboa Giuseppe , Pellegrini Sergio , Perria Rita , Puccioni Sergio , Storchi Paolo , Costantini Edoardo A.C.
Published: August 2018

The present study, performed in one of the largest farm of “Chianti Classico” wine district (Tuscany, Italy), focused on the effect of terroir on the peculiarities of the wine at two different scale of zoning. At a broader scale, the experimental vineyards were selected on the basis of lithology, soil type, morphology and climate and these were called macro-terroir (MT). Each vineyard was subdivided into a couple of homogeneous zones (Unité Terroir de Base, UTB), differentiated on the basis of soil proximal sensing, and then, high-detailed soil mapping. The study was conducted during three consecutive vintages (2012, '13 and '14), on four different vineyards MT, which are representative of the Chianti Classico wine district. Grape harvest, wine-making and six-month ageing were carried out separately for each UTB, using the same methodology. This study demonstrates that characteristics of geopedological landscapes can be used for a wine district zoning, while a more detailed soil mapping, leading to UTB identification, is needed to highlight some wine peculiarities.
Un marco teórico para delimitar el concepto de enoturismo sostenible desde un enfoque multi-nivel
Authors: García-Casarejos Nieves , Gargallo Pilar , Cabanes Begoña
Published: August 2018

La relevancia del sector vitivinícola en España y su conexión con el desarrollo del entorno rural, así como la preocupación de la población por los aspectos medioambientales y sociales, justifican el creciente interés por incorporar prácticas verdes y sostenibles en el turismo del vino. Además, dentro de los enoturistas existe un segmento cada vez más creciente que demanda servicios y destinos turísticos responsables con el medio ambiente y la sociedad, en general. Teniendo en consideración esta demanda creciente, las bodegas deberían atender este segmento de consumidores que reclaman un turismo de vino sostenible. Para poder llevar a cabo una sólida iniciativa enoturista sostenible, este trabajo propone un marco teórico basado en un enfoque multinivel, que incluye además de las tradicionales perspectivas multi-stakeholders y multi-motivacional, una perspectiva multi-dimensional que recoge los aspectos claves del concepto de sostenibilidad, es decir, el económico, el social y el medioambiental.
Decomposing the notion of vine vigour with a proxydetection shoot sensor: Physiocap®
Authors: DEMESTIHAS Constance , DEBUISSON Sébastien , DESCOTES Arnaud
Published: August 2018

The vigour and the vegetative expression of grapevines are parameters of great interest in viticulture, as they describe a general state of growth capacity. Understanding the impacts of agricultural practices on vine vigour, under particular soil and climate conditions, is essential to give a more accurate technical advice, especially on what soil management and vine nutrition are concerned. A shoot sensor called Physiocap®, designed and developed by the CIVC (Comité interprofessionel du vin de Champagne), is used during dormancy season to measure the shoot section, the shoot number and an estimation of the aboveground biomass. The sensor maps vigour spatial variability within a plot, among plots and over years. Physiocap database in Champagne has been analysed since 2011 at different scales, in order to determine the factors impacting the vine vigour. The vintage appeared to be the most impacting factor. For example, climate variability or accidents like dry springs and early spring frosts reduce vine vigour. Champagne vine varieties did not significantly impact vine vigour according to the database. At the scale of the Champagne vineyard, the aboveground biomass estimation of Physiocap® was strongly correlated with the yield of the following year, leaving a promising basis for analysing the impact of different factors on vine vigour. At the scale of the plot, winegrowers are able to compare their plot vigour to a Champagne threshold, which is being refined every year as the Physiocap database is enriched. They can therefore manage their fertilization and soil tillage program more accurately according to their objectives. The Physiocap® sensor appears to be an interesting multidimensional tool binding vine physiology, agronomy and precision viticulture at different scales. When coupled with other data, especially the one describing soil characteristics, it could even be the baseline for creating a decision-aid tool in Champagne for fertilization, tillage and pruning practices.
Visual gene network analysis of aging-specific gene co-expression in human indicates overlaps with immuno-pathological regulations
Authors: Parida Bibhu Prasad , Misra Biswapriya Biswavas , Misra Amarendra Narayan
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Aging is a complex biological process that brings about a gradual decline of physiological and metabolic machineries as a result of maturity. Also, aging is irreversible and leads ultimately to death in biological organisms.

Methods: We intend to characterize aging at the gene expression level using publicly available human gene expression arrays obtained from gene expression omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress. Candidate genes were identified by rigorous screening using filtered data sets, i.e., GSE11882, GSE47881, and GSE32719. Using Aroma and Limma packages, we selected the top 200 genes showing up and down regulation (p < 0.05 and fold change >2.5) out of which 185 were chosen for further comparative analysis.

Results: This investigation enabled identification of candidate genes involved in aging that are associated with several signaling cascades demonstrating strong correlation with ATP binding and protease functions.

Conclusion: A majority of these gene encoded proteins function extracellularly, and also provide insights into the immunopathological basis of aging.
Rice husk as an alternative energy for cement production and its effect on the chemical properties of cement
Authors: Maryoto Agus , Heri Sudibyo Gathot
Published: August 2018

Production of rice husk in Central Java province is around 2,825,000 tonnes annually. It can be used as an alternative energy source to substitute coal in combustion during cement production. This study was conducted to determine the impact of rice husk as a substitute energy source in cement production. The observations of rice husk comprised calorimetric tests, physical and chemical tests, and percentage rice husk substitution for coal as firing energy. The chemical properties of the cement tested include the chemical content, MgO and SO3 contents, loss on ignition, insoluble residue, and total alkali. The results show that the chemical content of cement which is produced using rice husk as a substitute for coal in the combustion process still meets the Indonesian National Standard.
Slant shear strength of fibre reinforced polyvinyl acetate (PVA) modified mortar
Authors: Kristiawan Stefanus , Santosa Bambang , Purwanto Edy , Caesar Rachmad A.
Published: August 2018

Strengthening of reinforced concrete elements can be carried out using a variety of materials and techniques. One of such materials is textile reinforced concrete (TRC). This material consists of a matrix, usually made of mortar, and textile as reinforcement. This study aims to produce mortar that meets the characteristic of a TRC matrix with respect to an adequate bond strength. The type of mortar developed in this study was fibre reinforced polyvinyl acetate (PVA) modified mortar. The bond strength of this material to the parent concrete was tested by the slant shear method. The results indicate that the amount of PVA content affects the magnitude of the bond strength. The higher the PVA content, the higher the bond strength. The results also confirm that the relationship between the bond strengths and their corresponding compressive strengths tends to be linear.
A comparative analysis of the quality of concrete blocks produced from coconut fibre, oil palm empty fruit bunch, and rice husk as filler material
Authors: Lutfi Mohammad , Yamin Muh , Rahman Mujibu , Ginsel Popang Elisa
Published: August 2018

The accumulation of coconut fibre (CF), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), and rice husks (RH) every year can reduce the fertility of soil and water absorption, and causes water acidification. Waste utilization as a filler material of concrete blocks was discussed in this research. Experimental design was used by comparing the quality of concrete blocks based on 36 specimens with varied compositions of waste (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by dry weight of total sand) and 3 specimens (0%) as control specimens with 3 replications for each composition. The quality of paving blocks was determined based on the testing of water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and density. The results revealed that the quality of concrete blocks with the composition of CF (1% and 2%), OPEFB (1% and 2%), and RH (1%) meet the requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996 criteria in category B for parking paver and the maximum composition of each waste materials (3% and 4%) still comply SNI 15-2094-2000 in class 100 and 150 for the block walls. Statistical analysis revealed that the best treatments for compressive strength was RH (1%) and for water absorption it was RH (2%) and CF (4%).
Building evaluation using two components of acceleration time histories causes by shallow crustal fault earthquakes with maximum magnitude 7 Mw
Authors: Partono Windu , Irsyam Masyhur , Dwi Atmanto Indrastono , Retno Ari Setiaji Andi , Purnomo Sigit , Yanuar Setiawan Robby
Published: August 2018

Spectral acceleration and acceleration time histories are the two seismic loads generally used for dynamic analysis of a building. The structural design of buildings is implemented using spectral acceleration at the ground surface obtained from the national seismic code. However, acceleration time histories are developed from specific earthquake events and implemented for building evaluation. This paper presents building evaluations of three existing buildings located in Semarang with heights of at least 40 m. The buildings were built on three different soil types, that is, hard, medium and soft soils. The evaluation was performed by conducting two component north-south and east-west directions of acceleration time histories modified from Semarang fault earthquake scenarios having a magnitude of 7 Mw and maximum epicentre distance 15 Km. Due to incomplete data on Semarang fault earthquakes, the acceleration time histories incorporated herein were collected from worldwide earthquake data bases and modified using response spectral matching and seismic propagation analysis. Stability analyses in terms of structural deformation and drift ratio were carried out for the three buildings. The results show that all three buildings have the capability to resists earthquakes up to a maximum magnitude of 6.5 Mw with an epicentre distance of over 5 Km.
Effect of monotonic lateral load on the performance of reinforced graded concrete column, an experimental study
Authors: Pratama M. Mirza Abdillah , Umniati B. Sri , Prasiwi Gista , Han Ay Lie , Sthenly Gan Buntara , Risdanareni Puput , Zhabrinna Zhabrinna
Published: August 2018

A gradation pattern in the strength of concrete columns is unavoidable due to the presence of static and dynamic segregation. The effect of concrete uniformity on columns subjected to monotonic lateral load is investigated experimentally in this study. Reinforced concrete columns with cross-sectional dimensions of 150 x 150 mm and a height of 1000 mm are prepared as graded concrete column (GCC) specimens and controlling specimens. The columns are designed with a reinforcement ratio of 1%. Two concrete mixes with a strength of 20 MPa and 30 MPa are cast in moulds using the gradual compaction procedure to create a satisfactory strength transition throughout the specimens’ height. The resulting lateral deformation and resisting load are utilised for further analysis. The analyses show that the GCC exhibits a lower peak load and lateral deformation than the control specimen, and a distinct failure mode is observed. The GCC also shows more brittle behaviour in the post-peak region.
Quantification of root reinforcement in bio-slope stabilization: laboratory and field studies
Authors: Jotisankasa Apiniti , Taworn Danainut , Chumchey Nattasit , Sukolrat Jiraroth
Published: August 2018

Bio-slope stabilization is an environmentally friendly and sustainable technique for rehabilitation and maintenance of slope infrastructure. The processes in which these plants stabilize the slope, particularly root reinforcement, and evapotranspiration, mainly involved the unsaturated zone of the slope. Plants are also subjected to continuous change during the life time of bio-engineered slopes. This paper reports on recent studies on influence of roots on saturated and unsaturated soil properties, and suction effects on root reinforcement. These experimental results were then used to estimate the change in in-situ root reinforcement of biostabilized slope in the field. A new methodology based on the mini-rhizotron technique was proposed which linked the root-area ratio with root-reinforced strength and the factor of safety of the slope through laboratory-based relationships. This newly proposed method can be used to evaluate timebased performance of vegetated slope infrastructures in practice.
Improvement the california bearing ratio of expansive subgrade using SiCC column
Authors: Setyo Muntohar Agus , Diana Willis , Hartono Edi , Widianti Anita
Published: August 2018

In Indonesia, many main roads have been constructed on problematic soil. The chemical improvement is widely used to shallow soil modification and stabilization. This paper introduces the use of a SiCC column to strengthen the load-bearing capacity of the expansive soil. In the road pavement design, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a most useful parameter to define the pavement layers. Hence, this paper is aimed to investigate the effect of SiCC column on the CBR of compacted expansive soil. Two groups of specimens were prepared for CBR test under soaked condition. A set of specimens are prepared on the wet side (Specimen A), and a set of specimens are compacted on the dry side of optimum moisture content (Specimen B). The objective of this research is to determine the effect of moisture content and dry density on the CBR value. The experiment results show that the SiCC column significantly increases the CBR of expansive soil on both dry and wet side of optimum moisture content. The specimen compacted on the dry side exhibit a higher CBR than the specimen compacted on the wet side of optimum moisture content.
Contribution of suction on the stability of reinforced-soil retaining wall
Authors: Gofar Nurly , Hanafiah
Published: August 2018

Existing design methods of a reinforced-soil retaining wall were established for walls with cohesionless soil backfill. However, local soil has been used widely in the construction of such a wall for economic reasons. Laboratory and numerical studies have pointed out the merit of using cohesive backfill in association with geosynthetic reinforcement. Since the compacted soil was in an unsaturated condition during the construction of the reinforced wall, the apparent cohesion derived from both soil mineralogy and suction could contribute to the stability of the wall. This paper considers methods to include the suction contribution to the existing design guidelines based on slope stability analysis, i.e. simplified method and simplified stiffness method. The analyses were carried out on a case study of geosynthetics reinforced soil retaining wall. Results show that the contribution of suction as part of cohesion existing in the cohesive backfill could be considered for the stability analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls using the available design guidelines.
Ground settlement prediction of embankment treated with prefabricated vertical drains in soft soil
Authors: Saputro Siswoko Adi , Setyo Muntohar Agus , Jiun Liao Hung
Published: August 2018

Excessive settlement due to consolidation can cause damage to the structure’s rest on soft soil. The settlement takes place in relatively longer. The preloading and prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) is often applied to accelerate the primary settlement. The issue in this research is the estimation of the settlement. The Asaoka method and the finite element method using PLAXIS-2D are used to estimate the final settlement of a PVD treated embankment. For the former, a complete record of the settlement was required; for the latter, some ground parameters are needed for the PLAXIS-2D analysis, such as the permeability of the soil. Because the installation process of PVD tends to influence the permeability of the in-situ soil around the PVD, the soil permeability after the installation of PVD needs to be adjusted. The numerical results were compared with actual settlement data to find out the best-fit input parameters (i.e. soil permeability) of the actual data. It was found that the best-fit soil permeability (k) used in the numerical study was about one-half of the k value determined from the laboratory test. The Root Mean Square Deviation shows that the settlement predicted by the numerical analysis has approximately 30% of the actual settlement.
Assessment of the road based on PCI and IRI roadroid measurement
Authors: Putra Donny A. , Suprapto Mamok
Published: August 2018

There are two methods of road assessment, ie, visually and using tools. Visual assessment makes use of the PCI (Pavement Condition Index), while assessment with the Roadroid app can be used to obtain the value of IRI (International Roughness Index) with less cost. Functional assessment of roads in the field more use of visual methods. This method is influenced by the subjectivity of surveyors. Therefore, the assessment using the visual method should be correlated with the assessment method using tools, in order to reduce the subjectivity of road assessment. The research location used is Magetan District Road consisting of 5 road segments. The result shows that the r road assessment using the PCI method has a very good condition, and using IRI Roadroid has a Medium condition. There is a negative (r) correlation between PCI and IRI Roadroid, valued at -0.23. The negative correlation shows that both judgments reversed. Comparison of PCI assessment with IRI Roadroid has a low correlation value and with ttest, yields no comparison of correlation. This result is because the PCI and IRI equally assess the pavement, using different methods.
Analysis of air pollution caused by mass transportation design changes
Authors: Napitupulu Budiman , Ismiyati Ismiyati , Handajani Mudjiastuti
Published: August 2018

Traffic jams are a common phenomenon in Indonesia’s big cities due to the proliferation of private vehicles. The resulting air pollution directly threatens public health and urban quality of life. This research is to identify and analyze air pollution levels and forecast the potential to improve air quality by developing mass public transportation. This research employs the dust sampler method to measure the air pollution levels and calculate traffic volume, while the simulation method is used to analyze the data. The results show that the air pollution levels detected exceed the air quality thresholds established by regulations in the Decision by the Minister of Health and Environment. Traffic jam levels indicated by the Degree of Saturation (SD) were determined to be, on average, > 0.75. The simulation results show that by changing modes of transportation traffic jam levels decrease, ranging from 0.2201 to 0.291(DS), and air pollution decreases. Specifically, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are reduced by 48.19 %; sulfur dioxide (SO2) is reduced by 51.77 %; particulate matter (PM) is reduced by 29.86%; lead (Pb) is reduced by 52.22%; and carbon monoxide (CO) is reduced by 52.15%. This research suggests the mass public transportation planning should be implemented.
A study of CO2 emission reduction due to transportation activities in Brebes district through road repair
Authors: Mubarok Fajar , Handayani Dewi , Syafi’i
Published: August 2018

Global climate change has prompted the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to commit to an active role and participation in the attempt of reducing Greenhouse Gas (GRK) emission through a national action program. One of the biggest sectors contributing in the production of GRK is transportation. Meanwhile, the condition of roads also affect the speed of vehicles. This study analyzed the relationship between road condition and travel speed, and the resulting CO2 emission. This research was conducted by taking some class III roads in Brebes as samples. The stages of this study include assessing the road condition by using the PCI method, calculating the average speed of vehicle on each sample road, and from the data of travel speed, the value of CO2 emission was then calculated using IPCC method. The result of this study indicated that the road condition is the factor that affects the travel speed. Increasing the value of PCI by 10 points from the lowest value will reduce CO2 emissions by 3.36% for gasoline-fueled vehicles. This research suggests improving the road condition in Brebes district in order to support Local Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction.
Field performance of shallow recharge well
Authors: Susilo Edy , Suripin  , Suharyanto
Published: August 2018

The technical calculation of the need for recharge wells to reduce peak floods has not been fully supported yet the need for recharge wells in big cities especially in Indonesia is very urgent. Some recharge well methods are Horton, Sunjoto, HMTL-ITB, Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Forestry, Indonesian National Standard, Association for Rainwater Storage and Infiltration Technology, and California Storm-water Quality Association. The hypothetical test of recharge wells at the depth and texture of a particular soil is different from the observed infiltration recharge hence it needs to have a field test of recharge wells for different soil texture. With good diameter, soil permeability, and water depth variables, it is expected that the infiltration recharge equation in the well can be empirically better suited to the performance of the recharge wells.
The concept of Lomaya and Pilohayanga weir rehabilitation based on technical and economic aspects
Authors: Khorida Ninik , Suprapto Mamok , Syafi’i
Published: August 2018

Lomaya and Pilohayanga Weirs are located in Limboto-Bone- Bolango River, Bone Bolango District, and Gorontalo Province. Pilohayanga Weir is located at 1,500 meters downstream of Lomaya Weir, it has 1,045 hectares of irrigation services area while also serving as a supplier of raw water requirements. The damage that occurred in Pilohayanga Weir resulted in its decreasing function, and also resulted in unmet irrigation and raw water needs. Meanwhile, Lomaya Weir has 3,148 hectares of irrigation services area. The aim of this research is to find the optimal solution among several alternative design concepts to meet Pilohayanga Weir’s water needs by supplying water from Lomaya Weir, considering both the technical aspects of hydraulic and the cost of implementation which must be within the economical boundary. In conclusion, the exact solution required is by the addition of several designs, these include: a) creating a new intake area on the right side of Pilohayanga Weir; b) creating an additional channel, flushing out sediment from Lomaya Weir; c) creating sand trap; and d) creating a carrier which will be channelled to Pilohayanga Irrigation Area.
Priority development of smalldam in Wonogiri regency
Authors: Yudha Pramono Fisnu , Chandra Sari Yunitta , Suripin
Published: August 2018

The province of Central Java often experiences floods during the rainy season and drought in the dry season. To support the program, BBWS Bengawan Solo participated in building some small-dams in Solo basin watershed. For this plan to be realized there needs to be a preceded study to determine the locations of potential dams. The paper aims to identify potential small-dams in the Solo River Basin, particularly in the Wonogiri District, and to determine priorities for the sequence of development. The potential of the small-dams is roughly derived from public information, topographic maps, and ground surveys. Initially, based on public information and local government officials, 39 locations of small-dams were obtained. After analyzing the topographic map and ground checking, the potential locations were cut down to 13 sites. Five small-dams will be selected as the first priority. The priority is determined based on multiple criteria, which consisted of technical criteria (topography, geology, and hydrology) and non-technical criteria (drought, economy, social and environment). Assessment method was based on the scoring system on all criteria. The result found that the five most potential small-dams in Wonogiri District are Glimbung, Gompyong, Wungu, Weru, and Waru.
The implementation of sustainable concept in waste management through project life cycle process in Gold Coast
Authors: Zhabrinna  , Pratama M. Mirza Abdillah
Published: August 2018

The issue regarding sustainability has emerged significantly in the construction industry. The appealing concept and the future benefits of sustainability have enamoured people to implement this notion progressively. This situation resulted in a trend in the architectural and engineering world. The Gold Coast city, which is located in the southeast of the Australian state of Queensland, is one of the world leading examples in which a government has put a green legacy as the concern in its development. One of the implementations of its sustainability concept is described in its waste management. This study explores the waste management in Gold Coast city in three stages of the project life cycle (PLC): design, construction, and operation. The cost-benefit analysis in qualitative and quantitative approach will be employed to provide the explanation of cost reduction that is achieved by the implementation of specific actions. However, the result of this study shows that the implementation of waste management does not only benefit in cost, but also many other aspects such as energy, built-environment, diversity, carbon critical design, and community lifestyle. This exploration can be the reference to the best practice of sustainability concept implementation in waste management.
User cost estimation on flexible and rigid pavement
Authors: Sri Handayani Fajar , Imam Prabowo Rheza , Ramandika Kurnia Aria , Pungky Pramesti Florentina , Agung Wibowo Mochamad , Setyawan Ary
Published: August 2018

The unsatisfactory condition of Indonesia’s local roads needs to be improved to support the national transportation network. However, construction activities to improve it often have negative impacts, among other: an increase of user cost. This article aims to calculate user cost generated by flexible and rigid pavement construction. This study was carried out on a local road in Indonesia. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) method is used to analyse the user cost. The results show that user cost of flexible pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 734,290 and US$ 449,830 respectively, futhermore user cost of rigid pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 1,994,920 and US$ 1.203.640 respectively. These indicate that the longer the analysis period, the more economical the user cost.
Corporate entrepreneurship level: a case study of contractors in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Harijanto , Erdogan Bilge
Published: August 2018

Contractors need to assess their capability to implement corporate entrepreneurship (CE), in order to develop the proper corporate strategy based on CE. This study is aimed to assess the capability level of contractors to implement CE using corporate entrepreneurship capability model (CECM). CECM has been developed based on the concept of Capability Maturity Model (CMM). The capability level of contractors to implement CE is assessed using 21 indicators which are classified into five dimensions: autonomy, competitive aggressiveness, innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. CECM divides the capability of contractors to implement CE into four levels: initial, repeatable, managed and optimized. This study carried out a case study of 2 big contractors in Indonesia. The data was collected using a questionnaire and then an arithmetic mean of each indicator was calculated to determine the capability level of contractors to implement CE. The case study found the highest level of capability to implement CE is reached in two different indicators: innovativeness and proactiveness, meanwhile the lowest level for both contractors is risk-taking. This study also found the capability level of both contractors are at a level between managed and optimized.
Influence of TiC0.3N0.7 on viscosity of TiO2-containing slag
Authors: Xu Renze , Zhang Jianliang , Jiao Kexin , Liu Yanxiang
Published: August 2018

The influence of TiC0.3N0.7 on viscosities of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 slags was investigated by the rotating cylinder method in this work. From the viscosity experimental results, it was found that the viscosity of the two-phase suspension system increased with increasing the volume fraction of TiC0.3N0.7 particle and decreased with increasing the rotation speed. The viscosity increased with the temperature decreasing and the relationship between viscosity and temperature could be described by the Arrhenius equation. However, temperature has little influence on the relative viscosity which is the ratio of solid–liquid mixture viscosity to pure liquid viscosity. The modified Einstein–Roscoe equation based on the present experimental values could well estimate the viscosity of TiC0.3N0.7 containing melts. The apparent volume of TiC0.3N0.7 was calculated to be 5.0–6.0 times of its real volume.
Effects of oxygen content on microstructure and impact toughness of high heat input flux-cored wire weld metals
Authors: Song Fengyu , Li Yanmei , Wang Ping , Zhu Fuxian
Published: August 2018

Three weld metals with different oxygen contents were developed. The influence of oxygen contents on the microstructure and impact toughness of weld metal was investigated through high heat input welding tests. The results showed that a large number of fine inclusions were formed and distributed randomly in the weld metal with oxygen content of 500 ppm under the heat input condition of 341 kJ/cm. Substantial cross interlocked acicular ferritic grains were induced to generate in the vicinity of the inclusions, primarily leading to the high impact toughness at low temperature for the weld metal. With the increase of oxygen content, the number of fine inclusions distributed in the weld metal increased and the grain size of intragranular acicular ferrites decreased, which enhanced the impact toughness of the weld metal. Nevertheless, a further increase of oxygen content would contribute to a great diminution of the austenitic grain size. Following that the fraction of grain boundary and the start temperature of transformation increased, which facilitated the abundant formation of pro-eutectoid ferrites and resulted in a deteriorative impact toughness of the weld metal.
Investigation of the precipitation kinetics and microstructure evolution of martensitic AISI 4140 steel during tempering with high heating rates
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , de Graaff Bernhard , Dietrich Stefan , Schulze Volker
Published: August 2018

During modern surface heat treatments of steels such as laser or induction hardening and tempering, heating rates up to 5000 °C/s or even more can occur in the material. These high heating rates affect the development of the microstructure which in turn affects the material properties. This study presents the results of the investigation of the tempering process of martensitically hardened AISI 4140 at different heating rates up to 1200 K/s. The kinetics of the occurring precipitations were modeled using a modified JMAK equation. The influence on the final microstructure after tempering with different heating rates is investigated using SEM images. The hardness of the different samples was measured in order to show the influence of the heating rate on the mechanical properties. Finally, a comparison to conventional tempering is given.
Short time austenitizing effects on the hardenability of 0.55 wt. pct. Carbon steels
Authors: Cryderman Robert , Ballard Trevor
Published: August 2018

Three laboratory melted steels containing 0.55 wt. pct. C were preconditioned by austenitizing at 900 °C and oil quenching. The oil quenched specimens were induction heated at a rate of 50 °C/s to 850 °C and the hardenability was determined for austenitizing times of 2 and 10 s. Alloy compositions of the three steels in wt. pct. were 0.8 Mn, 0.2 Mn–2.1 Ni, and 0.8 Mn–0.5 W. The changes in transformation behavior were determined on a quenching dilatometer and are described by CCT diagrams, hardness, and metallographic examination. The progression of transformation to austenite on heating was determined by metallographic examination of specimens quenched from several peak-heating temperatures. Changes in austenite grain size with the induction heating time were also characterized. The quench rate required to attain fully martensitic microstructures increased as the austenitizing time was reduced from 10 to 2 s. Conventional hardenability calculation methods did not accurately forecast the hardness and microstructure under conditions of rapid induction hardening.
Thermal and kinetic analysis on the co-combustion behaviors of anthracite and PVC
Authors: Sun Minmin , Zhang Jianliang , Li Kejiang , Wang Guangwei , Wang Haiyang , Wang Qi
Published: August 2018

The co-combustion characteristics of anthracite and PVC were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis to study its application in BF. First, the combustion characteristics were investigated. It was found the initial combustion temperature (Ti) of blends decreased with the increase of PVC ratio, while its decreasing rate reached maximum when 10% PVC. Aiming for further characterizing the combustion kinetics, ten gas-solid reaction mechanism functions were adopted for different groups. Results showed that Dimensional Diffusion Model is the best model to describe the combustion kinetics of anthracite and PVC. With this model, combustion kinetic parameters were calculated at 5 °C/min, and theEadecreases with the addition of PVC. Kinetics compensation effect between theEaandAwas also observed. By Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, significant differences of elements and functional groups were observed. This study provides theoretical guidance for the utilization of PVC as alternative fuels for BF ironmaking.
Zur Notwendigkeit der Philosophie im Medizinstudium
Authors: Bohrer Thomas , Schmidt Michael , Königshausen Johann-Heinrich
Published: August 2018

Today, the study and practice of medicine are treated with a natural scientific approach. However, medical action has its foundations not only in the natural sciences and technology, but also in ethics, humanity and philosophy. The Wuerzburg Philosophicum teaches, apart from medical ethics, a systematic analysis of a theory of medicine in the context of other sciences, the theory of knowledge, anthropology and hermeneutics.
Die transaxilläre roboterassistierte Thyreoidektomie – Ergebnisse und Akzeptanz einer neuen Operationsmethode
Authors: Maurer Elisabeth , Wächter Sabine , Albers Max , Holzer Katharina , Bartsch Detlef
Published: August 2018

Hintergrund In der Schilddrüsenchirurgie sind in den letzten Jahren vermehrt alternative Zugänge evaluiert und teilweise etabliert worden, um dem vermeintlich zunehmenden kosmetischen Anspruch der Patienten mit Vermeidung einer sichtbaren Narbe am Hals zu entsprechen. Wir berichten hier über unsere Erfahrungen mit der transaxillären roboterassistierten Thyreoidektomie (TRAT).

Methoden Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurde die TRAT zunächst Patienten mit Indikation zur einseitigen Schilddrüsenoperation bei benigner Struma mit einem Lappenvolumen bis 40 ml nach ausführlicher Aufklärung angeboten. Die Akzeptanz der Methode und deren operativer Ergebnisse, insbesondere die Operationszeit, sowie intra- und postoperative Komplikationen wurden ausgewertet. Zudem wurde die Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit dem kosmetischen Ergebnis 8 – 12 Wochen nach der Operation erfragt.

Ergebnisse Von Januar 2013 bis Januar 2018 wurde 151 Patienten eine TRAT angeboten, wovon sich 65 (43,0%) für diese Operationsmethode entschieden. Bei diesen 65 Patienten erfolgten 51 Hemithyreoidektomien, 6 Isthmusresektionen und 8 Dunhill-Operationen. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit betrug 121,5 Minuten (Spannweite 83 – 221) für die Isthmusresektionen, 165,0 Minuten (Spannweite 100 – 300) für die Hemithyreoidektomien und 259 Minuten (Spannweite 197 – 320) für die Dunhill-Operationen. Die Rate an Recurrensparesen betrug 8,2% (6 von 73 „nerves at risk“), wovon diese bei 2 Patienten (2,7%) nach 6 Monaten persistierten. Ein postoperativer Hypoparathyreoidismus oder Nachblutungen kamen nicht vor, ebenso keine Tracheal-, Ösophagus- oder Gefäßverletzungen. Bei 9 Patienten (13,8%) kam es zu passageren Hautparästhesien über dem Zugangsweg, 2 der ersten 5 (3,1%) Patienten erlitten passagere Armplexusparesen. 93% der Patienten bewerteten das kosmetische Ergebnis als „gut“ oder „sehr gut“, die Weiterempfehlungsrate lag ebenfalls bei 93%.

Schlussfolgerung Die TRAT ist vor allem bei einseitigen Befunden sicher und in akzeptabler Zeit durchführbar. Die TRAT kommt in Deutschland aufgrund der geringen Akzeptanz durch die Patienten, der hohen Kosten der Methodik ohne Refinanzierung und die Limitationen bei großer Struma nur für ein sehr selektioniertes Patientengut infrage.
Muss der intraoperative Quick-Parathormonwert beim lokalisierten, sporadischen Hyperparathyreoidismus abgewartet werden?
Authors: Maurer Elisabeth , Wächter Sabine , Holzer Katharina , Bartsch Detlef
Published: August 2018

Hintergrund Die fokussierte Parathyreoidektomie hat sich in den letzten Jahren zum Eingriff der Wahl beim lokalisierten sporadischen primären Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) entwickelt. Als Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Operation wird die intraoperative Quick-Parathormonbestimmung (qPTH) angesehen. Allerdings verursacht die qPTH-Bestimmung eine Verlängerung der Operations- und Narkosezeit. Ziel der Studie war zu prüfen, welche Nachteile für den Patienten entstehen, wenn der intraoperative qPTH-Wert nicht generell abgewartet wird.

Methoden Zwischen März 2009 und September 2017 wurde bei 202 Patienten mit pHPT und konkordanter Lokalisationsdiagnostik (99mTc-Sestamibi-Szintigrafie, Halssonografie) eine fokussierte Parathyreoidektomie angeboten. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine Schnellschnittuntersuchung und ein qPTH-Test (Basalwert und 15-Minuten-post-Exzisions-Wert) durchgeführt. Im Falle eines für den Operateur makroskopisch überzeugenden Adenoms wurde der 15-Minuten-qPTH-Wert nicht abgewartet, sondern der Eingriff nach Vorliegen des bestätigenden Schnellschnittergebnisses beendet. Die Patienten waren informiert, dass für den Fall eines inadäquaten PTH-Abfalls ggf. am Folgetag eine Reexploration erfolgen würde.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 176 (87,1%) der 202 fokussierten Eingriffe beendet, ohne den qPTH-Wert abzuwarten. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit bei diesen Eingriffen betrug 60,4 ± 32,9 min. Bei all diesen Patienten wurde der 15-Minuten-qPTH erst nach Extubation durchgegeben und war adäquat um über 50% in den Normbereich abgefallen. Bei 26 (12,9%) Patienten wurde der qPTH-Wert abgewartet. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit war mit 112,0 ± 43,1 min signifikant länger (p = 0,0095) als bei den 176 Eingriffen ohne Abwarten des qPTH-Werts. Bei 8 der 26 Patienten wurde der Eingriff aufgrund eines inadäquaten PTH-Abfalls ausgeweitet. Bei 2 dieser Patienten, somit 2 von 202 (0,99%) Patienten, persistierte postoperativ der pHPT.

Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit sporadischem pHPT und einem präoperativ konkordant lokalisierten, singulären Adenom muss der intraoperative qPTH-Wert nicht generell abgewartet werden, wenn ein makroskopisch überzeugendes Adenom entfernt und im Schnellschnitt bestätigt wurde. Dieses Vorgehen ist für die Patienten sicher und reduziert Operationszeit und Kosten.
The Postoperative Meniscus: Anatomical, Operative, and Imaging Considerations
Authors: Cordle Andrew , Williams Don , Andrews Carol
Published: August 2018

Meniscal surgery is commonplace. Patients who have had prior surgery may return for additional imaging for continued or new pain, limited range of motion, or interval injury. Accurate interpretation of postoperative imaging requires a clear understanding of the normal meniscal anatomy and biomechanics. Surgical goals and current surgical techniques impact the imaging appearance. These techniques are reviewed in the context of the various meniscal tear patterns. Multiple imaging modalities may be used in patient assessment with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging providing key information regarding the integrity of the meniscal repair. Imagers need to be aware of the key findings for a normal versus pathologic appearance to the postoperative meniscus as well as other potential MR findings that may account for patient presentation.
How to Generate a More Accurate Laboratory-Based International Normalized Ratio: Solutions to Obtaining or Verifying the Mean Normal Prothrombin Time and International Sensitivity Index
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel
Published: August 2018

Although the landscape of anticoagulation therapy is evolving, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin remain an anticoagulant of choice for many clinicians and their patients. Nevertheless, management of VKA therapy remains challenging, largely because of patient variability and drug and food interactions; thus, VKA dosing has to be personalized. This is achieved by regular monitoring using a test called the prothrombin time (PT), mathematically converted to an international normalized ratio (INR). The INR system is meant to harmonize laboratory test results by taking into account reagent and instrumentation variability that is otherwise expected to give rise to variable PT values, but which should accordingly lead to less variable INR values. Of clinical importance, too low an INR is suggestive of increased thrombotic risk and typically means the VKA dose should be increased, whereas too high an INR is suggestive of increased bleeding risk and typically means the VKA dose should be temporarily withheld and/or decreased. However, evidence continues to show that variability in INR values between laboratories remains unacceptably high. Given that modern instrumentation provides for robust analytical values—meaning highly reproducible intralaboratory clotting times or PTs in this case—the most likely cause of high INR variability is inconsistency in the INR test components—meaning the MNPT (mean normal PT) and ISI (international sensitivity index) values used by laboratories to generate a given INR. In other words, there are doubts as to the accuracy of some INR values because there are corresponding doubts about the accuracy of MNPT and/or ISI values that have been assigned by some laboratories for their reagent/instrument combination. The current report is intended to provide some solutions around the problems of inaccurate INRs, ISIs, and MNPTs, thus aiming to drive laboratory INRs closer to “truth,” and thus promote better patient management. The novel strategies include a primary process of transference to obtain/verify MNPT and/or ISI values for a new reagent using an existing reagent as reference, and a secondary process whereby external quality assessment data can be used to correct bias or existing errors in assigned MNPT and/or ISI values.