bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of cystatin SN promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and predicts a poor prognosis
Authors: Cui Yifeng , Sun Dan , Song Ruipeng , Zhang Shugeng , Liu Xirui , Wang Yan , Meng Fanzheng , Lan Yaliang , Han Jihua , Pan Shangha , Liang Shuhang , Zhang Bo , Guo Hongrui , Liu Yufeng , Lu Zhaoyang , Liu Lianxin
Published: May 2019

Cystatin SN, a specific cysteine protease inhibitor, is thought to be involved in various malignant tumors. Therefore, we evaluated the role of cystatin SN in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notably, cystatin SN was elevated in tumorous samples and cells. Moreover, overexpression of cystatin SN was correlated with tumor diameter and TNM stage. Cox multivariate analysis displayed that cystatin SN was an independent prognosis indicator and that high cystatin SN level was associated with a dismal prognosis. Moreover, cystatin SN enhancement facilitated the proliferation, migratory, and invasive potential of Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells, whereas cystatin SN knockdown caused the opposite effect. Cystatin SN also modulated the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition progression through the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo cystatin SN promoted HCCLM3 cell growth and metastasis in xenograft mice model. Thus, cystatin SN was involved in HCC progression and could be a latent target for HCC treatment.
Quantitative Comparison of the Efficacies of 5 First‐Line Drugs for Primary Restless Leg Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Ningyuan , Li Yunfei , Lv Yinghua , Xu Ling , Chen Junchao , Liu Hongxia , Li Lujin , Zheng Qingshan
Published: May 2019

Comparative analyses of the efficacies of dopaminergic agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotine patch) and α‐2‐δ ligands (gabapentin enacarbil and pregabalin) for treatment of primary restless leg syndrome (RLS) are lacking because of the few head‐to‐head clinical trials. A model‐based meta‐analysis approach was employed to quantitatively compare the efficacies of these 5 first‐line RLS drugs. Longitudinal efficacy data of RLS drugs were collected from published eligible literature. Mean changes in both the International Restless Leg Syndrome Study Group (IRLS) rating scale and Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI‐I) scale response rate were analyzed. A study‐level population pharmacodynamic model was used to fit the dose‐effect relationship and to describe the therapeutic effect over time for RLS drugs and placebo, and the typical efficacies of these drugs were compared. The onset of action was rapid for RLS drugs. In the placebo group, typical maximum IRLS reduction (Emax,IRLS) and CGI‐I response rate (Emax,CGI‐I) were –9.34 points and 48.2%, respectively. After deducting placebo effects, we found that the baseline IRLS score was significantly correlated with the Emax,IRLS of dopaminergic agonists. Typical Emax,IRLS of dopaminergic agonists was expressed as points. Typical Emax,IRLS values of pregabalin and gabapentin enacarbil were –5.95 points and –4.00 points, respectively. The therapeutic effect of dopaminergic agonists was found to be associated with baseline symptom severity. In RLS patients with more severe symptoms, the therapeutic effect of dopaminergic agonists tended to be better than that of α‐2‐δ ligands.
Palynological investigation of lactiferous flora (Apocynaceae) of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan, using light and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Naz Saeeda , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Memon Rabia A. , Sultana Shazia , Bahadur Saraj , Ozdemir Fethi A. , Siddiq Zafar , Shah Muhammad A.
Published: May 2019

This was the first comprehensive pollen micromorphological investigation of lactiferous flora (Apocynaceae) of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The pollen morphology of 10 species of the family Apocynaceae was observed and documented using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen was found subspheroidal in shape in most of the species, however peroblate shape was noted in Vinca major. Exine sculpturing patterns (psilate, rugulate, scabrate, and microreticulate) were observed. The result indicated that exine ornamentation of Apocynaceae taxa is systematically informative at generic and species levels. Most of the species have tricolporate type pollen but tetraporate pollen was also observed in Trachelospermum jasminoides and tetracolpate in V. major. Minimum equatorial diameter was noted in Carissa edulis (27.13 μm) and maximum in V. major (108.25 μm). Similarly, maximum exine thickness was found in Cascabela thevetia (9.5 μm). In the present findings, the pollen morphological data are compared with available other pollen studies to evaluate the taxonomic value of pollen traits in Apocynaceae taxa by using multiple microscopic techniques. Furthermore, molecular and phylogenetic studies were recommended to strengthen the systematics of Apocynaceae taxa.
Mechanisms of natural killer cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Prager Isabel , Watzl Carsten
Published: May 2019

Cellular cytotoxicity, the ability to kill other cells, is an important effector mechanism of the immune system to combat viral infections and cancer. Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are the major mediators of this activity. Here, we summarize the cytotoxic mechanisms of NK cells. NK cells can kill virally infected of transformed cells via the directed release of lytic granules or by inducing death receptor-mediated apoptosis via the expression of Fas ligand or TRAIL. The biogenesis of perforin and granzymes, the major components of lytic granules, is a highly regulated process to prevent damage during the synthesis of these cytotoxic molecules. Additionally, NK cells have developed several strategies to protect themselves from the cytotoxic activity of granular content upon degranulation. While granule-mediated apoptosis is a fast process, death receptor-mediated cytotoxicity requires more time. Current data suggest that these 2 cytotoxic mechanisms are regulated during the serial killing activity of NK cells. As many modern approaches of cancer immunotherapy rely on cellular cytotoxicity for their effectiveness, unraveling these pathways will be important to further progress these therapeutic strategies.
Effects of Intradiscal Injection of Local Anesthetics on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Rabbit Degenerated Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Ura Katsuro , Sudo Hideki , Iwasaki Koji , Tsujimoto Takeru , Ukeba Daisuke , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: May 2019

Analgesic discoblock is widely used for the diagnosis or treatment of discogenic low back pain by injecting local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the deleterious effects of local anesthetics on degenerated rabbit intervertebral disks (IVDs) using an organotypic culture model and in vivo long‐term follow‐up model. To induce IVD degeneration, a rabbit annular puncture model was used. For the organotypic culture model, degenerated IVDs were harvested 1 month after the initial annular puncture and cultured for 3 or 7 days after intradiscal injection of local anesthetics (1% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine). To perform in vivo analysis, local anesthetics were injected into degenerated IVDs, and IVDs were prepared for histological analysis after 6 or 12 months. In the organotypic model, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling‐positive nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were significantly increased in the bupivacaine group compared with the other groups. In the in vivo study, the number of NP cells was significantly decreased in the saline and local anesthetics groups compared with the untreated control and puncture‐only groups. However, there was no significant difference among the saline, lidocaine, and bupivacaine groups. In addition, histological analysis showed no significant difference of IVD degeneration among the puncture‐only, saline, lidocaine, and bupivacaine groups. Although bupivacaine induced apoptotic NP cell death in the organotypic culture model, in vivo observations did not show any definitive proof to suggest that local anesthetics were capable of promoting degeneration in the degenerated IVD, except for pressurized injection‐induced damage. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1963–1971, 2019
No Evidence of Systemic Inflammation in Symptomatic Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Talks Benjamin J. , Fernquest Scott , Palmer Antony , Broomfield John , Pattinson Kyle , Bradwell Arthur , Glyn‐Jones Siôn
Published: May 2019

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain and represents a major cause of early osteoarthritis. The role of systemic inflammation in pre‐arthritic hip conditions remains largely unknown and uninvestigated. Serum‐free light chains (sFLCs) are inflammatory markers produced by B cells. This study aimed to determine whether there was evidence of systemic inflammation in patients with FAI, defined by sFLCs, and whether this correlated with markers of disease severity. Participants for this study were recruited from a single center (Nuffield Orthopedic Center, Oxford) and were taking part in the Femoroacetabular Impingement Trial. The cohort comprised 115 individuals (38 male, 77 female, mean age 37 years): 57 individuals received surgical intervention and 58 received physiotherapy. All individuals provided patient‐reported outcome measures and serum samples at baseline and follow‐up 8 months post‐randomization. sFLC concentrations were measured in serum samples by immunoturbidimetry. At baseline, for all individuals, mean polyclonal sFLC concentrations were 30.36 mg/l (standard deviation [SD] 9.23). At follow‐up, the mean polyclonal sFLC concentrations were 31.68 mg/l (SD 9.61) in the surgical intervention cohort, and 29.48 mg/l (SD 7.85) in the physiotherapy intervention cohort. There was no significant correlation between sFLC concentrations and any of the patient reported outcome measures, or radiographic measures: average or maximum alpha angle, or center edge angle. In conclusion, in patients with symptomatic FAI there was no systemic inflammation, as defined by sFLC concentrations, and no correlation between sFLC concentrations and measures of disease severity. The lack of inflammation suggests FAI is a mechanical phenomenon. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2189–2196, 2019
A robust LC–MS/MS assay with online cleanup for measurement of serum testosterone
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wang Sihe
Published: May 2019

Accurate measurement of low levels of testosterone is critical for diagnosis and treatment of androgen disorders. The very low concentrations of testosterone in children, females, and males with androgen suppression therapies necessitate the use of mass spectrometry‐based methods. We aimed to develop a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method with simplified sample preparation and online solid‐phase extraction cleanup to achieve enhanced precision, accuracy, robustness, and cost‐effectiveness. The assay was linear from 10 to 20 000 pg/mL with an analytical recovery of 93–104%. The total coefficient of variation was 2.5, 1.9, and 1.7% at concentration levels of 348, 5432, and 10 848 pg/mL, respectively. No significant carryover was observed from samples with concentrations up to 20 000 pg/mL. No significant interference was observed from androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, epi‐testosterone, and estriol. Comparison with CDC Hormone Standardization program (HoSt) reference samples with defined values (n = 40) showed a Deming regression slope of 0.963, intercept of 28.06 pg/mL, standard error of estimate was 66.9, a correlation coefficient of 0.9996, and a mean bias of −0.6%. The method met the accuracy criteria by the CDC HoSt program. In addition, we achieved >12 000 injections on a single analytical column without significant performance deterioration due to the specific online solid‐phase extraction settings.
Application of high‐surface‐area graphitized carbon black with primary secondary amine as an alternative quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe cleanup material for pesticide multi‐residue analysis in spinach
Authors: Islam Abul Kasem Mohammad Mydul , Lee Hyo‐Sub , Ro Jin‐Ho , Kim Danbi , Kwon Hyeyoung
Published: May 2019

A multi‐residue method has been developed and validated to determine 46 pesticides in spinach using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method is based on modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation, where high‐surface‐area graphitized carbon black was used first as sorbent material in the dispersive solid‐phase extraction. The method was compared with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. The morphology, surface area, pore size, and pore volume of the sorbent was determined. The results obtained show that the sorbent consists of high surface area (233 m2/g) and large pore volume (1.5 cm3/g). The calibration curve correlation coefficient (R2) of the method was at least 0.99. The average recoveries ranged from 74 to 116%, and limits of detection and quantification from 0.0001 to 0.002 mg/kg and from 0.0002 to 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. Using the method, the pesticides exhibited low matrix effect (< 20%), except for nicosulfuron (29.86%), methomyl (26.77%), and flufenoxuron (24.65%). The method showed better potential to remove pigments than the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. It is demonstrated that the proposed method could be useful alternative for sample preparation of spinach and other matrices in future.
Very High‐ and High‐Frequency Ultrasound Features of Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Authors: Ogueta Isabel , Navajas‐Galimany Lucas , Concha‐Rogazy Marcela , Álvarez‐Véliz Sergio , Vera‐Kellet Cristián , Gonzalez‐Bombardiere Sergio , Wortsman Ximena
Published: May 2019

Cutaneous larva migrans is a common infestation among travelers. Although the diagnosis may be suspected clinically, cases can show atypical presentations. We present the ultrasound features of 4 cases at 18 and 70 MHz. Small linear hyperechoic and hyper‐refringent subepidermal and intrafollicular structures suggestive of fragments of larvae, hypoechoic dermal and hypodermal tunnels that match with dilatation of lymphatic ducts, and inflammatory dermal and hypodermal ultrasound signs can support the diagnosis. This work suggests that larvae can penetrate the cutaneous basement membrane through the ostia of the hair follicles and potentially disseminate through the dermal and hypodermal lymphatic network.
Managing campus entrepreneurship: Dynamic capabilities and university leadership
Authors: Heaton Sohvi , Lewin David , Teece David J.
Published: May 2019

Much has been written about university–industry partnerships, but relatively little research has focused on the effects of such collaboration on conflict among university departments or on broader types of entrepreneurial behavior involving local, regional, and even global initiatives. This broader perspective, which we call “campus entrepreneurship,” offers more avenues for universities to establish a foundation for long‐term success at a time when public support for higher education appears to be in decline. The dynamic capabilities framework and leadership theory developed in the fields of strategic management and organizational behavior, respectively, are applied herein to provide guidance to university leaders seeking to embrace a comprehensive multifaceted entrepreneurial approach to campus priorities and activities.
Diagnostic performance of circular RNAs in human cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Juan , Li Hang , Lv Xiaoting , Yang Zitai , Gao Min , Bi Yanhong , Zhang Ziwei , Wang Shengli , Cui Zhigang , Zhou Baosen , Yin Zhihua
Published: May 2019

Background

Recently, accumulating evidence have revealed that circular RNA (circRNA) was deregulated in multiple types of cancer, suggesting that circRNA might serve as a novel candidate biomarker of cancer diagnosis. However, inconsistent results have become an obstacle in applying circRNAs to clinical practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate diagnostic value of circRNAs among cancers.

Methods

A literature search was systematically performed among PubMed, Sciencedirect, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to February 15, 2019. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the SROC curve (AUC) were applied to evaluate diagnostic performance of circRNAs.

Results

In total, the study included 64 studies with single circRNA and 13 studies with combined circRNAs. Overall, the study presented that a single circRNA had moderate diagnostic value, with a SEN of 0.75, a SPE of 0.76, and an AUC of 0.82. The plasma circRNAs had higher diagnostic accuracy than tissue (AUC: 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.89 for plasma/serum subgroup; AUC: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.75–0.82 for tissue subgroup). Furthermore, the combined circRNAs had good diagnostic efficacy for GC, with a SEN of 0.89, a SPE of 0.94, and an AUC of 0.97, respectively.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that circRNAs may be candidate biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. In particular, diagnosis of combined circRNAs will be a new alternative applied to clinical research and practice for cancer.
A depth encoding PET detector using four‐crystals‐to‐one‐SiPM coupling and light‐sharing window method
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xie Siwei , Yang Jingwu , Weng Fenghua , Xu Jianfeng , Huang Qiu , Peng Qiyu
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Depth of interaction (DOI) decoding capability is of great importance for positron emission tomography (PET) requiring high resolution. In this study, we presented a novel low‐cost DOI detector design with four crystals coupling to one SiPM, based on the method of rectangular light‐sharing window (RLSW). A prototype detector was constructed, calibrated, and assessed using the methods of homogeneous radiation and flood map analysis.

Methods

The DOI detector was constructed with a 4 × 4 array of lutetium‐yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals (2.95 mm × 2.95 mm × 20 mm3), barium sulfate (BaSO4) reflectors, and optical glues. A RLSW 7 mm in height was deployed in the BaSO4 reflectors. A non‐DOI detector with identical dimensions and without RLSW was also constructed for comparison. The light‐output surface of the detector was air‐coupled with a 4 × 4 array of SiPMs (3 mm × 3 mm2). The signals generated from the 16 SiPMs were read out by a custom‐designed electronic system, and the signals from four adjacent 3 mm SiPMs were summed into one signal to emulate a 2 × 2 array of 6 mm SiPMs. The RLSW caused the DOI‐related position shifts of the crystal spots in the flood map. A homogeneous radiation method was used to establish the transfer functions to convert the spot shifts measured from the flood map into DOI measurements. The accuracy of the DOI measurements was assessed with data acquired using the conventional collimated radiation method.

Results

All 16 crystals are distinctly separated from each other in the flood map. Twelve crystals, including four central crystals and eight edge crystals, have the DOI capability. The full width half maximum (FWHM) of the DOI measurements of the central crystals and the edge crystals are 3.06 ± 0.08 and 3.79 ± 0.15 mm, respectively, for the configuration with four crystals coupling to one SiPM. By contrast, the FWHMs (3.98 ± 0.16 and 5.12 ± 0.38 mm, respectively) are slightly worse for the configuration with one crystal coupling to one SiPM. The average and standard deviation (STD) of the FWHM energy resolutions of the DOI detector and non‐DOI detector were 10.2% ± 0.7% and 10.7% ± 1.7%, respectively. Their FWHM coincidence timing resolutions were 197.0 ± 9.6 and 206.4 ± 13.3 ps, respectively. The RLSW had no significant impact on the energy resolutions and timing resolutions of the DOI detector.

Conclusions

The novel four‐crystals‐to‐one‐SiPM coupling technology is a cost‐efficient approach to construct high‐performance detector modules with DOI capability. The methods of homogeneous radiation and flood map analysis are easy to perform and of good performance. Those methods can be adapted in the clinic PET scanners to enable the capability of DOI measurements.
Assessing the modulation of cutaneous sensory fiber excitability using a fast perception threshold tracking technique
Authors: Nielson Hoberg Tatiana , Frahm Steffen , Hennings Kristian , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Dahl Mørch Carsten
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Topical application of lidocaine‐and‐prilocaine (LP) cream attenuates the functionality of small cutaneous nerve fibers. The aim of this human study was to measure the underlying excitability modulation of small cutaneous nerve fibers using a novel and fast perception threshold tracking (PTT) technique.

Methods

Small sensory fibers were selectively blocked by 120‐minute topical application of LP and confirmed by quantitative sensory testing. Excitability changes of small (activated by a specially designed pin electrode) and large (patch electrode) nerve fibers were assessed as the strength–duration relation and threshold electrotonus.

Results

The excitability assessed by the strength–duration relation and threshold electrotonus was significantly modulated for the small afferents (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon's test) but not the large afferents.

Discussion

This novel PTT technique was able to assess inhibition of membrane properties of small cutaneous fibers, suggesting the usefulness of the technique as a diagnostic method for assessing impairment of small fibers, as seen in many types of polyneuropathies.
Investigation of the psychometric properties of the inclusion body myositis functional rating scale with rasch analysis
Authors: Ramdharry Gita , Morrow Jasper , Hudgens Stacie , Skorupinska Iwona , Gwathmey Kelly , Currence Melissa , Herbelin Laura , Jawdat Omar , Pasnoor Mamatha , Mcvey April , Barohn Richard J. , Burns Ted M. , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Amato Anthony A. , Hanna Michael G. , Machado Pedro M.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

The Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale (IBMRFS) is a 10‐item clinician‐rated ordinal scale developed for people with inclusion body myositis.

Methods

Single observations of the IBMFRS were collected from 132 patients. After Rasch analysis, modifications were made to the scale to optimize fit to the Rasch model while maintaining clinical validity and utility.

Results

The original IBMFRS did not fit the assumptions of the Rasch model because of multidimensionality of the scale. Items assessed local dependence, disordered step thresholds, and differential item functioning. Deconstructing the scale into upper limb (IBMFRS‐UL) and lower limb (IBMFRS‐LL) scales improved fit to the Rasch model. A 9‐item scale with the swallowing item removed (IBMFRS‐9) remained multidimensional but demonstrated the ability to discriminate patients along the severity continuum. IBMFRS‐UL, IBMFRS‐LL, and IBMFRS‐9 scores were transformed to a 0–100 scale for comparability.

Discussion

This analysis has led to the development of 3 optimized versions of the IBMFRS. Muscle Nerve 60: 161–168, 2019
First‐in‐human implantation of a mid‐field powered neurostimulator at the sacral nerve: Results from an acute study
Authors: van Kerrebroeck Philip E. V. A. , Reekmans Mathias , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Yeh Alexander J. , Fayram Timothy A. , Sharan Ashwini D. , Comiter Craig V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Commercially approved implantable systems for sacral neuromodulation require the implantation of a multipolar lead subcutaneously connected to an implantable pulse generator (IPG). Eliminating the need for an IPG would eliminate the need for tunneling of the lead, reduce procedure time, infection risk, and the need for IPG replacement. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of implanting the AHLeveeS System in the S3 Foramen to stimulate the S3 sacral nerve.

Materials and Methods

A first‐in‐human, prospective, single center, nonrandomized, acute feasibility clinical investigation at the Maastricht University Medical Center+. Patients with refractory overactive bladder underwent acute implantation of the AHLeveeS neurostimulator before the InterStim procedure. Outcome measurements included motor responses, procedural time and a scoring of the difficulty of the implant and explant procedure. Retrospectively, qualitative responses to the stimulation protocol were assessed by video motion analyses. Only descriptive statistics were used.

Results

During the stimulation a motor response to stimulation was seen in four of the five subjects. In all implantations the AHLeveeS was correctly placed. The median time for complete procedure was 24 minutes. The implant and explant procedures were successfully performed and no device or procedure related adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

The results from this acute first‐in‐human study demonstrate the feasibility of implantation and acute stimulation of the sacral nerve with this mid‐field powered system. Future clinical studies will focus on safety and efficacy of a chronically implanted device.
Development of an online personalized self‐management intervention for men with uncomplicated LUTS
Authors: Blanker Marco H. , Brandenbarg Pim , Slijkhuis Bart G.C. , Steffens Martijn G. , van Balken Michael R. , Jellema Petra
Published: May 2019

Aims

To develop an online platform to facilitate evidence‐based self‐management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men.

Methods

Using the PubMed database (search until January 2017) and relevant guidelines, we reviewed evidence for the self‐management of LUTS and identified suitable components for the intervention. Next, we built an algorithm that provided individualized advice based on patient characteristics and symptoms for use on an online platform. Men with LUTS tested the usability of the intervention and provided feedback. Finally, we surveyed urologists and general practitioners to identify potential areas for improvement of the intervention.

Results

We identified nine self‐help interventions from 48 eligible publications. These were as follows: information and education about LUTS, pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, urethral milking, double voiding, caffeine management, alcohol management, fluid management, and exercise advice. The level of evidence for each item was low due to the paucity of research available. Six men with LUTS reported difficulties understanding and completing the frequency‐volume chart online. The 158 surveyed physicians agreed (≥50% positive ratings) on the inclusion of seven advice items, but not for double voiding and fluid management. Respondents noted that some advice should be provided to all men with LUTS, while other advice should only be presented to certain groups. Some recommendations for additions were offered.

Conclusions

Despite a lack of evidence for the self‐management advice, physicians agreed with most of the included advice. The online platform needs further development. Therefore, adjustments will be made and we will assess its impact in future studies.
Assessment of hormonal alterations in major depressive disorder: A clinical study
Authors: Asadikaram Gholamreza , Khaleghi Ezetollah , Sayadi Ahmadreza , Foulady Shahnaz , Ghasemi Mohammadreza Seyed , Abolhassani Moslem , Garrusi Behshid , Nematollahi Mohammad Hadi
Published: May 2019

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mood disorder that may lead to use of drugs, alcohol, and even suicide in acute cases. It has been shown that neurotransmitters and hormones have the same receptors and pathways in the mood area of the brain. Therefore, metabolic and biochemical changes are expected in MDD and, in such diseases, understanding the hormonal alterations would be extremely helpful in the management or treatment with hormone replacement therapy. We evaluated levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), testosterone, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine index (FT4I), T3 resin uptake (T3RU), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S) in 79 patients suffering from MDD and 71 healthy controls. The existence of MDD was confirmed by a face‐to‐face structured clinical interview. We started the investigation by taking a blood sample from the study population. Then, hormone levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Significant differences were found between TSH, FT4I, DHEA‐S, ACTH, testosterone, and cortisol/DHEA‐S ratio in MDD patients compared to the healthy controls. We also demonstrated a correlation between MDD recurrence and FT4I index and TSH, respectively. Regarding some hormonal changes in patients with MDD, hormonal shifts should be considered in the treatment or management of MDD patients.
Improved photovoltaic performance of monocrystalline silicon solar cell through luminescent down‐converting Gd2O2S:Tb3+ phosphor
Authors: Meng Fanchao , Dehouche Zahir , Ireland Terry G. , Fern George R.
Published: May 2019

This work reports on efforts to enhance the photovoltaic performance of standard p‐type monocrystalline silicon solar cell (mono‐Si) through the application of ultraviolet spectral down‐converting phosphors. Terbium‐doped gadolinium oxysulfide phosphor and undoped‐gadolinium oxysulfide precursor powders were prepared by a controlled hydrothermal decomposition of a urea homogeneous precipitation method. The resulting rare‐earth element hydroxycarbonate precursor powders were then converted to the oxysulfide by annealing at 900°C in a sulfur atmosphere. The as‐prepared phosphors were encapsulated in ethylene vinyl acetate co‐polymer resin and applied on the textured surface of solar cell using rotary screen printing. Comparative results from X‐ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy studies on the microstructure and luminescent properties of the materials are reported. We also compared the optical reflectance and external quantum efficiency response of the cells with and without a luminescent phosphor layer. The results obtained on the terbium‐doped gadolinium oxysulfide phosphor show clearly that the down‐conversion effect induced by the terbium dopant play a crucial role in enhancing the photovoltaic cells' performance. Under an empirical one‐sun illumination, the modified cells showed an optimum enhancement of 3.6% (from 16.43% to 17.02%) in conversion efficiency relative to bare cells. In the concentration range of 1 to 2.5 mg/mL, EVA/Gd2O2S (blank) composites also improve electrical efficiency, but not as much as EVA/Gd2O2S:Tb3+ composites.
The influence of data on teachers' judgments of students' early reading and math skills
Authors: McKevett Nicole M. , Kiss Allyson J.
Published: May 2019

Teachers' judgments of student achievement are a crucial aspect of instruction and intervention. Previous research examining teachers' judgments has primarily focused on oral reading fluency and results are mixed with respect to how accurate teachers are. The purpose of the current study was to examine the accuracy of kindergarten and first‐grade teachers' judgments of students' instructional level in early reading and early math and, using a pre‐post quasi‐experimental design, determine the extent to which the use of data altered teachers' judgments. Teachers were least accurate when rating students whose skills were in the frustrational range and they tended to overestimate students' skills. The use of data did not improve accuracy overall, but there were slight (albeit not significant) changes at the frustrational and instructional levels. Results suggest that teachers' low accuracy, when compared with screening data, combined with overestimation, may result in students who most need intervention being missed.
Clinician‐patient‐family decision‐making and health literacy in adolescents and young adults with cancer and their families: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Gessler Danielle , Juraskova Ilona , Sansom‐Daly Ursula M. , Shepherd Heather L. , Patterson Pandora , Muscat Danielle Marie
Published: May 2019

Objective

Engaging in shared decision‐making may be particularly difficult for adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs), possibly because of lower levels of health literacy. Family members of AYAs are likely to support decision‐making about their healthcare by contributing to health literacy skills/practices; however, the nature of this process is unclear. This systematic review synthesized qualitative studies that explored the process of decision‐making and characterized how AYA healthcare information is shared, from the perspective of the AYA and their family members.

Methods

Electronic searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were conducted in May 2018. Peer‐reviewed studies discussing the decision‐making process in AYAs and/or their families were eligible for inclusion. Findings were analyzed thematically using Framework analysis.

Results

Seven thousand two hundred seventy‐three studies were screened, and 14 eligible studies were included. The synthesized themes aligned with the Supported Health Literacy Pathway model3 in that AYAs draw on their family members' knowledge, skills, and practices to generate informed options and make shared decisions. Families of AYAs were found to be involved throughout all stages of decision‐making. The use of health literacy skills was also found to be distributed in families, such that family members of AYAs mediate access to knowledge and use of health information in the decision‐making process.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that health literacy is a dynamic and transactional process and provide clinicians, researchers, and other stakeholders with a framework to foster AYA engagement in decision‐making.
Ion impingement effect on the structure and optical properties of TixSi1−xO2 films deposited by ICP‐PECVD
Authors: Li Dayu , Dai Shuyu , Goullet Antoine , Granier Agnès
Published: May 2019

TixSi1−xO2 films are grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition from oxygen‐rich O2/titanium tetraisopropoxide/hexamethyldisiloxane radiofrequency inductively coupled plasmas at low pressure. By applying a substrate bias of −50 V, the ion energy is increased from 15 to 75 eV, which has almost no effect on the by‐products, whereas the deposition rate is decreased and the Ti/Si atomic ratio in the film is increased. For the lowest hexamethyldisiloxane fraction in precursor, applying a −50 V bias leads to the formation of TiO2 in rutile phase in the film. The film optical properties (optical index and band gap) are shown to be mainly governed by the film chemical composition.
Cystic fibrosis year in review 2018, part 1
Authors: Savant Adrienne P. , McColley Susanna A.
Published: May 2019

Cystic fibrosis research and case reports were robust in the year 2018. This report summarizes research and cases related to Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies, inflammation and infection, epidemiology and the physiologic, and imaging assessment of disease.
Origin of Ferromagnetism in Pure and Ion Doped Pyrite FeS2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Apostolov Angel T. , Apostolova Iliana N. , Trimper Steffen , Wesselinowa Julia M.
Published: May 2019

It is demonstrated theoretically that the magnetization of FeS2 nanoparticles is originated by the appearance of sulfur vacancies at the surface, where FeS2 undergoes a reduction to FeS. This change is accompanied by a transition from the zero spin configuration of Fe2+ ions to a spin S = 2 state. Additionally there are uncompensated Fe spins on the surface. As result one observes ferromagnetism which is described using the Heisenberg model. The applied Green's function method allows calculating the magnetization of FeS2 nanoparticles versus the FeS concentration on the surface at finite temperature and for different particles sizes as well as the increase of the magnetization of FeS2 nanoparticles with decreasing particle size. It is shown that Co ion doping can induce ferromagnetism in bulk FeS2 and enhance it in FeS2 nanoparticles.
The Shannon entropy of high‐dimensional hydrogenic and harmonic systems
Authors: Dehesa Jesús S. , Belega Elena D. , Toranzo Irene V. , Aptekarev Alexander I.
Published: May 2019

There exists an increasing interest on the dimensionality dependence of the entropic properties for the stationary states of the multidimensional quantum systems in order to contribute to its emergent informational representation, which extends and complements the standard energetic representation. Nowadays, this is specially so for high‐dimensional systems as they have been recently shown to be very useful in both scientific and technological fields. In this work, the Shannon entropy of the discrete stationary states of the high‐dimensional harmonic (ie, oscillator‐like) and hydrogenic systems is analytically determined in terms of the dimensionality, the potential strength, and the state's hyperquantum numbers. We have used an information‐theoretic methodology based on the asymptotics of some entropy‐like integral functionals of the orthogonal polynomials and hyperspherical harmonics which control the wave functions of the quantum states, when the polynomial parameter is very large; this is basically because such a parameter is a linear function of the system's dimensionality. Finally, it is shown that the Shannon entropy of the D‐dimensional harmonic and hydrogenic systems has a logarithmic growth rate of the type D log D when D → ∞.
Quantum Micro–Nano Devices Fabricated in Diamond by Femtosecond Laser and Ion Irradiation
Authors: Eaton Shane M. , Hadden John P. , Bharadwaj Vibhav , Forneris Jacopo , Picollo Federico , Bosia Federico , Sotillo Belen , Giakoumaki Argyro N. , Jedrkiewicz Ottavia , Chiappini Andrea , Ferrari Maurizio , Osellame Roberto , Barclay Paul E. , Olivero Paolo , Ramponi Roberta
Published: May 2019

Diamond has attracted great interest as a quantum technology platform thanks to its optically active nitrogen vacancy (NV) center. The NV's ground state spin can be read out optically, exhibiting long spin coherence times of ≈1 ms even at ambient temperatures. In addition, the energy levels of the NV are sensitive to external fields. These properties make NVs attractive as a scalable platform for efficient nanoscale resolution sensing based on electron spins and for quantum information systems. Diamond photonics enhance optical interactions with NVs, beneficial for both quantum sensing and information. Diamond is also compelling for microfluidic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, with sensing functionality provided by NVs. However, it remains a significant challenge to fabricate photonics, NVs, and microfluidics in diamond. In this Progress Report, an overview is provided of ion irradiation and femtosecond laser writing, two promising fabrication methods for diamond‐based quantum technological devices. The unique capabilities of both techniques are described, and the most important fabrication results of color center, optical waveguide, and microfluidics in diamond are reported, with an emphasis on integrated devices aiming toward high performance quantum sensors and quantum information systems of tomorrow.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea and aspiration pneumonitis following initiation of continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Wasgewatta Sanjiwika Lalanjani , Manning Nathan , Redmond Michael , Howard Diane , Heraganahally Subash Shanthakumar
Published: May 2019

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is very often the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The association between intracranial hypertension and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is being increasingly recognized among patients with OSA. However, spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea following initiation of CPAP therapy for OSA is very rarely documented in the literature. In this report, we describe a 53‐year‐old woman with severe OSA who, while being evaluated for possible intracranial hypertension, developed spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea and CSF aspiration pneumonitis as a complication of CPAP therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed fluid tracks at the skull base, and a nasal swab demonstrated positive β2‐transferrin. Computer tomography (CT) chest showed findings consistent with CSF aspiration pneumonitis. Resolution of both CSF leak and pneumonitis were noted following treatment with azetozolamide and curative endoscopic trans‐nasal surgery along with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
High‐Yielding Synthesis of 5‐(alkoxymethyl)furfurals from Biomass‐Derived 5‐(halomethyl)furfural (X=Cl, Br)
Authors: Onkarappa Sharath Bandibairanahalli , Dutta Saikat
Published: May 2019

A series of 5‐(alkoxymethyl)furfurals (AMFs) have been synthesized in excellent isolated yields (>90%) by reacting biomass‐derived 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) or 5‐(bromomethyl)furfural (BMF) with monohydric alkyl alcohols (methanol to 1‐butanol) at slightly elevated temperatures (RT‐50 °C) and short reaction time (3 h). The modified work‐up procedure minimizes side reactions while simplifying the isolation and purification of AMFs. Although higher primary alcohols like 1‐pentanol and 1‐hexanol and secondary alcohol like 2‐propanol were found to be less reactive, use of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as a base additive afforded AMFs in excellent yields within 6 h at 65 °C using only slight excess of the alcohol (1.2 eq.) reagent.
Synthesis of Rice Husk Derived Activated Mesoporous Carbon Immobilized Palladium Hybrid Nano‐Catalyst for Ligand‐Free Mizoroki‐Heck/Suzuki/Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Patel Ashok Raj , Asatkar Archana , Patel Geetika , Banerjee Subhash
Published: May 2019

Chemically activated graphitic mesoporous carbon was synthesized from rice husk biomass and subsequently immobilized with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The physiochemical characteristics like composition, morphology, structure and textural properties of the rice husk derived activated carbon supported Pd NPs (nano‐Pd@RAGC) were analyzed by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Finally, the applications of hybrid nano‐Pd@RAGC material were investigated in useful carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions via Mizoroki‐Heck/Suzuki/Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions under ligand‐free, microwave conditions. The RAGC provides excellent stability to Pd NPs in cross coupling reactions. The catalyst was recovered simply by filtration and recycled for at least ten times.
Dexterous Route for Synthesis of Hollow Spherical ZnO and ZnO‐Ag Nanocomposite with Superior Photocatalytic Ability
Authors: Maity Jayeta , Bhattacharjee Gourab , Satpati Biswarup , Sardar Debasmita , Ghosalya Manoj Kumar , Bala Tanushree
Published: May 2019

Hollow spherical ZnO and hollow ZnO−Ag nanocomposites with variable percentage of loading of Ag content were successfully fabricated through a novel, template free and easily reproducible route. Extensive characterizations were carried out using FTIR, XRD, XPS, BET, TEM and SEM. The hollow morphology of the particle and the composite encouraged a detailed photocatalysis study in comparison to solid commercial ZnO and the corresponding ZnO−Ag composite. The photocatalytic activity of the hollow particle and the composite was assessed monitoring the decolouration of methylene blue dye using UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopic technique. An increased surface area for hollow morphology as compared to solid particles established a conspicuous boost in photocatalytic activity.
2‐hydroxyethyl‐substituted (NHC)PdI2(pyridine) (Pd‐PEPPSI) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and the Catalytic Activity in the Sonogashira Cross‐coupling Reaction
Authors: Erdemir Fatoş , Barut Celepci Duygu , Aktaş Aydın , Gök Yetkin
Published: May 2019

Here, new series of the 2‐hydroxyethyl‐substituted (NHC)PdI2(pyridine) (Pd‐PEPPSI) complexes have been synthesized. These complexes have been prepared from the 2‐hydroxyethyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, palladium chloride and pyridine. The synthesized Pd‐PEPPSI complexes have been characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. The catalytic activity of the 2‐hydroxyethyl‐substituted Pd‐PEPPSI complexes has been examined in the Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction by using phenylacetylene and aryl bromide. The Pd‐PEPPSI complexes have demonstrated great activity in the Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction. The molecular and crystal structures of the three of the Pd‐PEPPSI complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. X‐ray studies show that all the molecular structures adopt slightly distorted square‐planar geometry around the palladium (II) center.
Controlling the Reduction Extent for Metal Catalysts
Authors: Li Ming , Cheng Kai , Ren Jiazheng , Chen Yongsheng
Published: May 2019

Metal catalysts have been used extensively in addressing energy and environmental issues. A reduction process is often needed to activate these catalysts. However, there is a lack of techniques to accurately control this process, thus the chemical composition of the catalysts is usually unclear. Ni‐based catalysts are among the most commonly used due to their effectiveness and low costs. In this work, we use the reduction of a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst used in dry reforming of methane to demonstrate a novel technique that well controls the reduction extent of metal catalysts. We achieve this goal by using IR spectroscopy to monitor and quantify the reduction product, H2O, in the process. Specifically, we measure a full and a partial H2O production kinetics, and subsequently develop an algorithm to control the reduction extent of the Ni catalyst in a wide range. This algorithm is proved effective. The technique can be applied generally to any pretreatment process that involves IR measurable gases and its wide application would greatly promote the fundamental catalyst structure‐performance investigation.
Au@gap@AuAg Nanorod Side‐by‐Side Assemblies for Ultrasensitive SERS Detection of Mercury and its Transformation
Authors: Yuan Aimeng , Wu Xiaoling , Li Xiu , Hao Changlong , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua
Published: May 2019

As one of the most toxic heavy metal elements, mercury ion (Hg2+) and its methylated product, methylmercury (MeHg) can pose a threat to human health and the environment. Herein, a novel Raman biosensor with cascade sensitivity is developed for Hg2+ detection through Au@gap@AuAg nanorod side‐by‐side assemblies. Due to the strong electromagnetic coupling from the assemblies and core–shell structure, the Raman sensor possesses high sensitivity with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.001 ng mL‐1, which is about one order lower than traditional atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS) methods. Moreover, the fabricated biosensor is used to measure residual mercury levels in tissues and eggs of hens fed high‐mercury diets, and the results show total mercury in collected egg yolks is 20 times higher than whites. Furthermore, the form of mercury in the eggs is also analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with AFS, and, unexpectedly, the methylated product MeHg tends to only be found in egg whites. These interesting differences may indicate a new research direction for the toxicity of mercury in living organisms, and the developed ultrasensitive Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) method could pave a broad way for the application of biosensors in Hg detection.