bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disseminated Peritoneal Tuberculosis Initially Misdiagnosed as Nephrogenic Ascites
Authors: Crossman Lauren , Ronald Funk Christopher , Kandiah Sheetal , Hemrajani Reena
Published: April 2023

A middle-aged immigrant male from a region with endemic tuberculosis who had a history of end-stage kidney disease presented to the emergency room for routine hemodialysis and abdominal swelling. He was admitted to the medicine service for suggested daily dialysis to improve his volume overload, which was attributed to nephrogenic ascites. He was found to have several findings concerning for systemic illness, including fevers, night sweats, hypercalcemia, lymphadenopathy, omental thickening, ascitic fluid with a serum ascites albumin gradient of less than 1.1 gm/dL, and exudative pleural effusions. Our suspicion for hematologic malignancy versus disseminated infection was high. During admission, there were many diagnostic challenges in obtaining histologic and bacteriologic confirmation of our leading suspected diagnosis, disseminated tuberculosis. Ultimately, tuberculosis infection was confirmed with histologic evidence of granulomatous inflammation of cervical lymph node and sputum culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case highlights the necessity for every patient presenting with new ascites to undergo diagnostic paracentesis. Nephrogenic ascites is a rare syndrome that is possible in volume overloaded states but is a diagnosis of exclusion that should be supported by an exudative serum ascites albumin gradient and no evidence of an alternate etiology.
Multilayer Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Static Safety and Stability Analysis of Novel Power Systems
Authors: Long Yun , Lu Youfei , Zhao Hongwei , Wu Renbo , Bao Tao , Liu Jun
Published: April 2023

More and more renewable energy sources are integrated into novel power systems. The randomness and fluctuation of such renewable energy sources bring challenges to the static stability and safety analysis of novel power systems. In this work, a multilayer deep deterministic policy gradient is proposed to address the fluctuation of renewable energy sources. The proposed method is stacked with multilayer deep reinforcement learning methods that can be continuously updated online. The proposed multilayer deep deterministic policy gradient is compared with other deep learning algorithms. The feasibility, effectiveness, and superiority of the proposed method are verified by numerical simulations.
Investigation of Mechanical Behavior and Surface Characteristics of Cold Spray Metallized B4C/AA7075 Composites Coated by AZ64 Alloy through Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Thunaipragasam Selvakumaran , Kolekar Aniket Bhanudas , Chandrashekhar Koli Gajanan , Pandey Rohit , Shahid Mohammad , Rajesh K. , Ragupathi P. , Kumar Asheesh , Singh Balkeshwar
Published: April 2023

Metallized cold-spray coatings were employed to make B4C/AA7075 and aluminum + plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) duplex coatings on AZ64. In addition, the phase structure, mechanical characteristics, wear, and PEO ceramic coatings examine the corrosion resistance. According to the findings, the PEO ceramic coating comprises α-aluminum oxide and γ-aluminum oxide, with some remnants of B4C still being preserved. PEO ceramic coatings outperformed their corresponding CS counterparts regarding mechanical characteristics and wear resistance. For example, the PEO-B4C coating achieved a hardness of 13.8 GPa and an elastic modulus of 185.5 GPa, which were 21.0% and 23.5%, respectively, more significant than the comparable values for the coating with CS. The PEO-B4C coating was 58% and 15.7% less abrasive than the equivalent CS coating due to its lower wear rate of 4.84 × 10−5 mm3/Nm and relatively lower of 0.64. The density of corrosion current in the PEO-treated B4C-AA7075 coating (3.735 × 106 A/cm2) is similar to the corrosion current density in the untreated CS coatings. Finally, compared to untreated CS B4C-AA7075, the coating’s mechanical characteristics and wear resistance are considerably enhanced by the PEO treatment.
[Retracted] Utilization of Bioinorganic Nanodrugs and Nanomaterials for the Control of Infectious Diseases Using Deep Learning
Authors: Priyadarshini R. , Abdullah A. Sheik , Karthikeyan K. V. , Vinoth M. , Martin Betty , Geerthik S. , Wilfred Florin , Alyami Nour M. , Sundaram R. S.
Published: April 2023

As one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, viral infections have a major impact on the well‐being and economics of every nation in the globe. The ability to predictably diagnose viral infections improves the provision of good healthcare as well as the control and prevention of these conditions. Nanomaterials have gained widespread usage in the medical industry recently due to the rapid advancement of nanotechnology and their exceptional chemical and physical qualities, such as their small size and synthesized surface properties. The utilization of nanoparticles for illness detection, surveillance, control, preventive, and therapy, such as the treatment of bacterial infections, is referred to as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is a comprehensive discipline that is founded on the usage of nanotechnology for clinical objectives. Nanoparticles, which have a nanoscale dimension and exhibit highly controllable optical and physical characteristics as well as the ability to bind to a large variety of chemicals, are among the most popular nanomaterials in nanomedicine. A deep learning framework of autoencoder for categorization study on viral infections is built based on actual hospital patient history of viral infections from August 2015 to August 2020. The information comprises of 10,950 cases, comprising outpatients and inpatients, encompassing the infectious diseases. Of such 10,950 instances, training set made up 70% or 7665 instances, and testing data made up 30% or 3285 instances. The data processing was done using the presented recurrent neural network‐artificial bee colony (RNN‐ABC) method. Sparse data densifying processes are done through the autoencoder to enhance the system learning outcome. The suggested autoencoder system was also evaluated to other widely used models, including support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and Naïve Bayes. In comparison to other approaches, the study’s findings demonstrate how well the suggested autoencoder model can predict viral diseases. The methods used for this research can aid in removing reported lags in current monitoring systems, hence reducing society’s expenses.
Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of Stir-Casted AA6351 Alloy and Reinforced with Nanosilicon Carbide Particles
Authors: Thirugnanam S. , Ananth G. , Muthu Krishnan T. , Tariku Olkeba Tewedaj
Published: April 2023

The main aim of this research is to analyze the mechanical performances of the influence of silicon carbide (SiC) particles with AA6351 aluminum alloy. The aluminum metal matrix composites were prepared with liquefying stir casting to produce the metal matrix composites (MMCs). The following weight fractions are AA6351-0% SiC, AA6351-2.5% SiC, AA6351-5% SiC, and AA6351-7.5% SiC utilized to compose the MMCs. The mechanical performances like hardness, flexural, impact, compressive, and tensile studies were investigated on the processed MMCs. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to examine the strengthened particle of SiC. During the SEM examinations, uniformly dispersed SiC-strengthened particles were analyzed. The entire MMCs specimens achieve greater mechanical characteristics; the specimen fabricated with a maximum volume fraction of 7.5 wt% of SiC accumulates higher strength than the other volume fractions samples. The SiC plays a very tedious role in improving mechanical attributes. The fabricated MMCs were highly utilized in the applications of automotive and aerospace usages. This application is fully employed with lesser weight and maximum strength conditions to fulfill the mechanical performances. The stir-casting process was a highly efficient technique to compose better MMCs to achieve greater strength.
Efficient (Masked) Hardware Implementation of Grain-128AEADv2
Authors: Li Bohan , Zhang Hailong , Lin Dongdai
Published: April 2023

We consider the efficient hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2, which is the second version of Grain-128AEAD (one of the lightweight cryptography finalist candidates). In order to counteract side-channel attacks, the efficient masked hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is also considered under the idea of domain-oriented masking. In detail, the so-called pipeline-like pre-computation technique is applied to increase the throughput-area ratio of the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2. The performance of the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is evaluated on ASIC and FPGA. For the unmasked version, the highest throughput-area ratio can be

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on FPGA. Then, the security of the masked hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is verified with the simulated T-Test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published work about the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2. In light of this, this contribution may help researchers and practitioners to accurately compare the efficiency and the security of the hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 with those of other lightweight cryptography algorithms.
Mitigation of Heat Stress in Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) by Dietary Allicin: Exploring the Growth Performance, Stress Biomarkers, Antioxidative, and Immune Responses
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed A. , Kassab Manal S. , Zaineldin Amr I. , Amer Asem A. , Gewaily Mahmoud S. , Darwish Shawky , Dawood Mahmoud A. O.
Published: April 2023

Global warming is a challenge facing the aquaculture industry, and mitigating its effects on aquatic animals’ productivity is mandatory. Hence, the present study investigated the alleviation of heat stress impacts on the performances of striped catfish by dietary allicin. For 60 days, striped catfish were fed dietary allicin at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%, and then the fish were exposed to 35°C. The results indicated that dietary allicin remarkably enhanced the growth performance (FBW, WG, and SGR) and feed utilization (FCR and PER) in striped catfish in a dose-dependent manner. Further, striped catfish fed allicin at 1 and 2% before heat stress, and those fed on 1% after heat stress had the highest lipase, amylase, and protease activities. The intestinal villi of allicin-treated fish showed increased length and branching. Before heat stress, the AST value was not affected by dietary allicin, but after heat stress, the AST was markedly reduced in fish fed on allicin at 1, 2, and 4%. Significantly, T-CHO and triglycerides were higher after heat stress than before with or without allicin. The blood proteins, albumin, and globulin were markedly lower after heat stress than before heat stress. The glucose and cortisol levels were increased after heat stress, either with or without dietary allicin. Heat stress reduced lysozyme activity, and the best activity was seen in fish fed 2% allicin. In addition, the phagocytic activity before and after heat stress was increased by dietary 1, 2, and 4% allicin. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were increased by dietary allicin before and after heat stress. The regression analysis illustrated that the best performances of striped catfish could be achieved by using 1.89–2.28% dietary allicin, leading to high resistance to heat stress.
Q‐Rung Interval‐Valued Probabilistic Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Sets: A New Tool for Multiattribute Group Decision‐Making
Authors: Zhang Xun , Wang Jun
Published: April 2023

This paper aims at proposing a novel multiattribute group decision‐making (MAGDM) method in complex decision‐making environments. To this end, we first introduce a tool, called q‐rung interval‐valued probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy sets (q‐RIVPDHFSs), for decision makers to express their evaluation information over a set of finite alternatives in MAGDM procedures. The q‐RIVPDHFS consists of some possible membership and nonmembership degrees, along with their interval‐valued probabilistic information. Due to this structure, q‐RIVPDHFSs are more powerful and flexible than the traditional q‐rung probabilistic q‐rung dual hesitant fuzzy sets, in which probabilistic information of membership and nonmembership degree is denoted by crisp numbers. Second, some other related concepts of q‐RIVPDHFSs, such as operational laws, comparison method, distance measure, and aggregation operators, are introduced. Third, based on these novel concepts, two MAGDM methods (Algorithms 1 and 2) are put forward. Last but not least, a practical decision‐making example is provided to show the effectiveness of our proposed MAGDM method. We also compare our Algorithms 1 and 2 with some existing decision‐making methods to explain why our methods are more powerful and useful.
Research on a Target Detection Method for Alternanthera Philoxeroides in the Rice Seedling Stage Based on Single-Shot Multibox Detector
Authors: Deng Xiangwu , Liu Zhuwen , Gong Kunsong , Liang Song , Qiu Guangjun , Qi Long
Published: April 2023

Alternanthera philoxeroides, an invasive alien malignant weed, competes with rice for water, fertilizer, light, and growth space before seedling closure stages, which commonly stresses the growth of rice. Chemical herbicides are mainly used to control weeds. However, excessive use of chemical herbicides could lead to serious environmental pollution. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and deep-learning techniques, it is possible to reduce the use of chemical herbicides by spraying herbicides on only precise regions of weeds in rice fields. To improve the accuracy of the model in identifying weed regions, in this study the performance among the you only look once (YOLO) series and single-shot multibox detector (SSD) one-stage target detection models, i.e., YOLOv3, YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv5-s, and SSD target detection networks, is discussed. The experimental results showed that the SSD-based target detection model for Alternanthera philoxeroides was better than the YOLO series due to its higher recall, mAP (mean average precision), and F1 values, which reached 0.874, 0.942, and 0.881, respectively. Meanwhile, the target detection model based on SSD performed better than the YOLO series when dealing with mutual occlusion images between seedlings and Alternanthera philoxeroides. In conclusion, in this study a high-accuracy method is provided for detecting precise regions of Alternanthera philoxeroides by constructing a model based on SSD, contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution.
Data from Novel arginase inhibitor, AZD0011, demonstrates immune cell stimulation and anti-tumor efficacy with diverse combination partners
Authors: Doshi Aatman S. , Cantin Susan , Hernandez Marylens , Srinivasan Srimathi , Tentarelli Sharon , Griffin Matthew , Wang Yanjun , Pop-Damkov Petar , Prickett Laura B. , Kankkonen Cecilia , Shen Minhui , San Martin Maryann , Wu Song , Castaldi M Paola , Ghadially Hormas , Varnes Jeffrey , Gales Sonya , Henry David , Hoover Clare , Mele Deanna A. , Simpson Iain , Gangl Eric T. , Mlynarski Scott N. , Finlay M. Raymond V. , Drew Lisa , Fawell Stephen E. , Shao Wenlin , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Anti-tumor immunity can be hampered by immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment including recruitment of arginase (ARG) expressing myeloid cells which deplete L-arginine essential for optimal T cell and natural killer cell function. Hence, ARG inhibition can reverse immunosuppression enhancing anti-tumor immunity. We describe AZD0011, a novel peptidic boronic acid prodrug to deliver an orally available, highly potent, ARG inhibitor payload (AZD0011-PL). We demonstrate that AZD0011-PL is unable to permeate cells, suggesting this compound will only inhibit extracellular ARG. In vivo, AZD0011 monotherapy leads to arginine increases, immune cell activation, and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) in various syngeneic models. Anti-tumor responses increase when AZD0011 is combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment, correlating with increases in multiple tumor immune cell populations. We demonstrate a novel triple combination of AZD0011, anti-PD-L1 and anti-NKG2A, and combination benefits with type I interferon (IFN) inducers including polyI:C and radiation. Our pre-clinical data demonstrates AZD0011’s ability to reverse tumor immunosuppression and enhance immune stimulation and anti-tumor responses with diverse combination partners providing potential strategies to increase immuno-oncology therapies clinically.
Data from Abatacept/Ruxolitinib and Screening for Concomitant Respiratory Muscle Failure to Mitigate Fatality of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Salem Joe-Elie , Bretagne Marie , Abbar Baptiste , Leonard-Louis Sarah , Ederhy Stéphane , Redheuil Alban , Boussouar Samia , Nguyen Lee S. , Procureur Adrien , Stein Frederic , Fenioux Charlotte , Devos Perrine , Gougis Paul , Dres Martin , Demoule Alexandre , Psimaras Dimitri , Lenglet Timothee , Maisonobe Thierry , De Chambrun Marc Pineton , Hekimian Guillaume , Straus Christian , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jesus , Klatzmann David , Rigolet Aude , Guillaume-Jugnot Perrine , Champtiaux Nicolas , Benveniste Olivier , Weiss Nicolas , Saheb Samir , Rouvier Philippe , Plu Isabelle , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Kerneis Mathieu , Hammoudi Nadjib , Zahr Noel , Llontop Claudia , Morelot-Panzini Capucine , Lehmann Lorenz , Qin Juan , Moslehi Javid J. , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Similowski Thomas , Allenbach Yves
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI)–associated myotoxicity involves the heart (myocarditis) and skeletal muscles (myositis), which frequently occur concurrently and are highly fatal. We report the results of a strategy that included identification of individuals with severe ICI myocarditis by also screening for and managing concomitant respiratory muscle involvement with mechanical ventilation, as well as treatment with the CTLA4 fusion protein abatacept and the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib. Forty cases with definite ICI myocarditis were included with pathologic confirmation of concomitant myositis in the majority of patients. In the first 10 patients, using recommended guidelines, myotoxicity-related fatality occurred in 60%, consistent with historical controls. In the subsequent 30 cases, we instituted systematic screening for respiratory muscle involvement coupled with active ventilation and treatment using ruxolitinib and abatacept. The abatacept dose was adjusted using CD86 receptor occupancy on circulating monocytes. The myotoxicity-related fatality rate was 3.4% (1/30) in these 30 patients versus 60% in the first quartile (P < 0.0001). These clinical results are hypothesis-generating and need further evaluation.
Significance:
Early management of respiratory muscle failure using mechanical ventilation and high-dose abatacept with CD86 receptor occupancy monitoring combined with ruxolitinib may be promising to mitigate high fatality rates in severe ICI myocarditis.
Association between the Ile164 β2 Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism and Fatigue in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Philipp Julian , Baerwald Christoph G. , Seifert Olga
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In the present work, the frequency of inherited polymorphisms of the beta 2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) gene and their association with fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was examined. Methods: An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the common variants of the β2AR at position 16, 27, and 164 in 92 German RA outpatients. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ-DI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-30), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) were utilized. Results: 34.7% of German RA patients were diagnosed with associated fatigue. Fatigued patients were more likely to carry the Ile allele at position 164 (OR 7.33, 95% CI 1.09–59.8, p = 0.049). Comparing these risk factors’ contribution to different fatigue dimensions revealed that Ile164 carriers only had significantly higher MFI-20 mean values for general fatigue (p = 0.014) while the clinical difference among other MFI subscales was the largest for mental fatigue (carrier: 8.23, SD: 4.22, noncarrier: 5.67, SD: 1.56, p = 0.089, Cohen’s d = 0.629). Disease activity, perceived stress, and depression were also associated with fatigue with higher mean values for DAS28CRP (p = 0.038), PSQ (p < 0.001), and BDI-II (p < 0.001) in fatigued patients. Physical fatigue was correlated with disease activity (p = 0.009) and depression (p = 0.001) while mental fatigue showed associations with depression (p = 0.001) and perceived stress (p = 0.028). Conclusion: The discovery study indicates that the Ile164 polymorphism might in contrast to other β2AR polymorphisms affect fatigue levels in RA patients. This association was observed especially with mental fatigue. Further replication studies are warranted to determine further role of β2AR polymorphisms in RA patients.
Red Cell Distribution Width-to-Platelet Count Ratio: A Promising Predictor of In-Hospital All-Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: He Keli , Xie Xiaorui , Duan Xiangjie , Zhou Quan , Wu Jianhua
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR), a novel inflammatory index, has already been proven as a prognostic factor in some other diseases, but its prognostic effect on critically ill patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been rarely investigated. This study aimed to investigate the association between RPR and in-hospital mortality in these patients. Methods: We extracted clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 1.0 database. The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality of patients with critical AIS. The main independent variable was RPR. To investigate the association between RPR and in-hospital all-cause mortality in patients with critical AIS, multivariable logistic analyses, smooth curve fitting, and stratified analyses were conducted. Results: In total, 2,673 patients with AIS who were admitted to the intensive care unit were included in the study. In the multivariable analysis, in-hospital mortality was positively related to RPR (odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.59). According to the two-piecewise logistic regression model, we found that the inflection point of RPR was 1.89%. To the left of the inflection point (RPR ≤1.89%), we did not detect any relationship between RPR and in-hospital all-cause mortality (OR [95% CI]: 0.73 [0.41, 1.31], p = 0.2884). In contrast, to the right of the inflection point (RPR >1.89%), RPR was positively related to in-hospital all-cause mortality (OR [95% CI]: 1.61 [1.18, 2.19], p = 0.0027). Conclusions: RPR showed a nonlinear relationship with in-hospital all-cause mortality in patients with critical AIS.
Novel Approaches for the Diagnosis of Concealed Nodo-Ventricular and His-Ventricular Pathways
Authors: Higuchi Satoshi , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Hsia Henry H. , Wong Christopher X. , Ho Reginald T. , Tchou Patrick J. , Nissan Batel , Shauer Ayelet , Belhassen Bernard , Scheinman Melvin M.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Confirming the presence and participation of concealed nodo-ventricular (cNV) or concealed His-ventricular (cHV) pathways in tachyarrhythmias is challenging. We describe novel observations to aid in diagnosing cNV or cHV pathways.

Methods:

We present 7 cases of cNV and cHV pathway-mediated arrhythmias and focus on several laboratory observations: (1) differential ventricular overdrive pacing (VOD) from the base versus apex, (2) response to His refractory premature ventricular complexes, (3) paradoxical atriohisian response (shorter atriohisian interval during tachycardia than that during sinus rhythm) in long RP tachycardia, and (4) the role of adenosine to aid in the diagnosis.

Results:

Three cases underwent differential VOD during tachycardia. All demonstrated a shorter postpacing interval minus tachycardia cycle length during basal pacing than apical pacing with one case exhibiting apical VOD results compatible with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Basal VOD was useful for localizing the ventricular connection in a case with cHV pathway. In 3 cases, His refractory premature ventricular complexes reset the tachycardia without conduction to the atrium, which excluded the involvement of an atrioventricular pathway or atrial tachycardia, or atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia alone. One case had His refractory premature ventricular complexes followed by subsequent constant AA interval and then tachycardia termination, suggesting a bystander cNV pathway involvement. Two cNV pathway cases presented with long RP tachycardia had paradoxical atriohisian shortening of >15 ms, suggesting parallel activation of the atrium and the atrioventricular node. Adenosine terminated the tachycardia with retrograde block in 2 cases with cNV pathways but had no response on a cHV pathway.

Conclusions:

cNV and cHV pathways mediated tachyarrhythmias can present with variable clinical presentations. We emphasize the important role of differential VOD sites, His refractory premature ventricular complexes that reset or terminate the tachycardia without conduction to the atrium, paradoxical atriohisian response in long RP tachycardia, and the use of adenosine for diagnosing cNV and cHV pathways.
Stopping a Continuous Movement: A Novel Approach to Investigating Inhibitory Control
Authors: Schultz Kelsey E. , Denning Dominique , Hufnagel Vanessa , Swann Nicole
Published: April 2023

Flexible, adaptive behavior is critically dependent on inhibitory control. For example, if you suddenly notice you are about to step on a tack and would prefer not to, the ability to halt your ongoing movement is critical. However, this behavior is usually not probed by current inhibitory control tasks, which often focus instead on inhibiting a movement before its initiation. To address limitations in existing approaches for studying termination of an ongoing movement, we developed a novel stop task with which we can directly observe and compare prepared and reactive termination of a continuous movement. Here, we present and evaluate our novel continuous movement stop task (CMST) and compare task performance to performance on the traditional stop signal task. Our data reveal that the CMST effectively dissociates planned and unplanned stopping behaviors. We found that participants initiated and completed stopping significantly earlier on planned compared with unplanned stop trials and that the variability for each measure was greater for planned compared with unplanned stop trials. In addition, we found that the time at which participants initiated the stopping process was more variable than the time it took participants to complete the stopping process. We also found that participants slowed before stopping significantly more on planned than unplanned stop trials. Finally, our data suggest that preparatory mechanisms may be similar between the CMST and the traditional stop signal tasks, but that the tasks were not related by any other measure. The unambiguous quantification of prepared and reactive stopping behavior provided by the CMST will help support future investigation of different kinds of stopping behavior.
The Tactical Role of Rivers in Early Chinese Warfare
Authors: Tse Wicky W.K.
Published: April 2023

This article aims to study the tactical role of rivers in early Chinese warfare. Rivers or, broadly speaking, waterways served not only as defensive barriers and offensive weapons but also for logistical purposes, which was particularly crucial for military campaigns in the regions of Central and South China with their abundant river networks. Furthermore, this article also analyzes a few early Chinese cases of shore-based river-crossing campaigns, in which rivers functioned as barriers in land warfare. Some tactics were thus developed to overcome and even make use of the landscape to achieve victory in battles.
Isoperla riverae, a new stonefly species from the southeast Nearctic, with notes on sympatric species including the larval description of Isoperla lenati Szczytko & Kondratieff, 2015 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)
Authors: VERDONE CHRIS J. , BEATY STEVEN R. , HOLLAND VICTOR B. , WILLIAMS BRONWYN W.
Published: April 2023

Isoperla riverae sp. n. is described from the southeastern USA. The new species is proposed based on details of the adult habitus, male aedeagus, vesicle, female subgenital plate, ovum chorion, and larval habitus. Supporting data includes color images, scanning electron micrographs, genetic analysis of DNA barcodes, and comparative morphology of cognate species. The larva of Isoperla lenati Szczytko & Kondratieff, 2015 is also described supported by color images.
First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters
Authors: TAUHYL LUÍS GUSTAVO MORELI , MARINHO MARCO ANTONIO TONUS , URSO-GUIMARÃES MARIA VIRGINIA
Published: April 2023

Toxotarsinae is a subfamily of Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) with 11 species currently distributed in three genera: Neta Shannon, 1926, Sarconesia Bigot, 1857, and Toxotarsus Macquart, 1851. All known species are endemic to South America, mostly restricted to areas with cooler temperatures—like high elevation areas of the Andean Cordillera—and lowlands and coastal regions in the subtropical and temperate parts of the continent. The classification of the subfamily has been somewhat controversial, with eleven, mostly monotypic nominal genera established to accommodate its species, mostly due to distinct interpretations of certain controversial characters by different authors. To provide a sound basis for a generic classification, we performed the first study aimed to understand the transformation series of those controversial characters and character states under a phylogenetic framework. Our maximum parsimony analyses, under both equal and implied weighting of characters and including all currently known species in the subfamily, retrieved two main clades of Toxotarsinae: the roraima group, composed of Sarconesia roraima (Townsend, 1935), Neta chilensis (Walker, 1836), and S. magellanica (Le Guillou, 1842), and the splendida group, composed of the remaining species of the subfamily. The position of S. magellanica varied, but the species was mostly recovered within the roraima group except in the analyses under implied weighting with k values between 1 and 6. Our results, which include an explicit interpretation of the transformation series associated with some characters and character states commonly used in Toxotarsinae systematics, suggest that both Sarconesia and Neta, along with other genera proposed in the past for species of the subfamily such as Sarconesiomima Lopes & Albuquerque, 1955, Chlorobrachycoma Townsend, 1918, Sarconesiopsis Townsend, 1918, and Roraimomusca Townsend, 1935, previously suggested to be synonyms of Sarconesia, do not properly reflect the evolution of lineages in the subfamily and should not be considered as valid nominal genera. Toxotarsus was the only genus consistently recovered as monophyletic and, based on the phylogenetic relationships recovered herein, we suggest including all known Toxotarsinae within this genus, with the roraima and splendida clades treated as species-groups. Finally, we discuss the characters commonly used to delimit the taxa subordinated to Toxotarsinae, such as the length of the first flagellomere, the position of the rays of the arista relative to the pedicel, the extension of the plumosity of the arista, and the number of postsutural acrostichal setae.
A new species of the mud shrimp genus Naushonia Kingsley, 1897 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Laomediidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, inhabiting burrows of an axiidean shrimp
Authors: SATO TAIGI , KOMAI TOMOYUKI
Published: April 2023

A new species of the laomediid mud shrimp genus Naushonia Kingsley, 1897 is described and illustrated based on seven specimens collected from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. All specimens of Naushonia karashimai n. sp. were collected from burrows of a large axiidean shrimp, Neaxius acanthus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879), which inhabits seagrass beds in inner reef lagoons. The new species is easily distinguished from all 16 known congeners by its tridentate rostrum and relatively narrow pereopod 1 palm with a proximally located pollex. Sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes were newly generated for five species and two species of Naushonia, including the new species, respectively. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis using sequences of the 16S rRNA gene was performed.
Morphology of the last instar larva and pupa of Paranthrene diaphana (Dalla Torre & Strand 1925) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a serious pest of the babylon weeping willow trees in Iran
Authors: BĄKOWSKI MAREK , ASKARIANZADEH ALIREZA
Published: April 2023

This work presents the first description of the morphology of the last larval instar and pupa of the clearwing moth species Paranthrene diaphana (Dalla Torre & Strand, 1925). All diagnostic morphological features are described in detail, compared with the closely related species Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775) and P. insolitus Le Cerf 1914, and the features are illustrated with photographs and line drawings. The research on clearwing moths in Tehran Province (central Iran) has revealed that P. diaphana is a serious new pest that causes significant damage to babylon weeping willow trees Salix babylonica L. (Salicaceae).
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change: Global Landfall Frequency Projections Derived from Knutson et al.
Authors: Jewson Stephen
Published: April 2023

Projections of changes in tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics under climate change are of great interest to those affected by TCs. In a recent paper, Knutson et al. combined a large number of previous results to produce projections consisting of distributions of possible future TC frequencies, intensities, and rainfall rates. These distributions provide a great resource for users of TC information. However, to apply the distributions to impacts models may require the user to solve a number of technical challenges including modeling correlations, fitting distributions, interpolation, and converting the projections to properties at landfall. I consider the frequency and intensity changes, and implement solutions for each of these challenges using a combination of recently published research and a new methodology. This allows me to produce a dataset of TC projections that give frequency changes as a function of landfall region and intensity. Mean intensity changes can then be derived from frequency changes. The projections are presented in a format that allows them to be used in impacts models without further processing. The interpolation and landfall adjustments tend to increase the frequency changes. As a result, my projections give increasing mean frequencies of hurricane-strength landfalling TCs in four out of six global basins, with mean frequencies increasing by up to 16% for a 2°C increase in global mean surface temperature. My projections are highly uncertain, but include uncertainty estimates. They are designed to be a useful resource for anyone interested in possible future TC frequencies and intensities.
News Sources, Partisanship, and Political Knowledge in COVID-19 Beliefs
Authors: Meirick Patrick
Published: April 2023

This study analyzed data from a Pew survey ( N = 5,681) to see how party identification, political knowledge, and use of different news sources related to two beliefs about COVID-19 promoted on the right early in the pandemic: that the virus was created in a laboratory and that a vaccine for it would be available within a few months. Republicans were more likely to hold these beliefs. The more that people used news outlets with right-leaning audiences, the more likely they were to hold those two beliefs. The more they used news with left-leaning audiences, the less likely they were to believe the virus was laboratory made, a relationship stronger among Democrats. Political knowledge appeared to discourage believing the virus was laboratory-made, again more so among Democrats. However, the more that Democrats (but not Republicans) used news with bipartisan audiences, the more likely they were to believe the virus was laboratory made. Similarly, the more that Democrats (but not Republicans) used social media for news, the more they believed a vaccine would be available soon, and right-leaning news use had a stronger relationship with the early vaccine belief among Democrats.
Applying the Rasch Growth Model for the Evaluation of Achievement Trajectories
Authors: Patterson Leigh Cameron
Published: April 2023

Considerable interest lies in the growth in educational achievement that occurs over the course of a child’s schooling. This paper demonstrates a simple but effective approach for the comparison of growth rates, drawing on a method first proposed some 80 years ago and applying it to data from the Australian National Assessment Program. The methodology involves the derivation of a ‘meta-metre’ – a quantitative mode of variation in growth – which permits comparison between groups defined by time-invariant characteristics. Emphasis is placed upon the novel characteristics of the method and the valuable information it can provide. Unlike complex modelling procedures, the approach provides a parsimonious model of growth suited to comparisons between groups.
Characterization and comparison of thin ply IM7/8552 composites processed by automated tape placement and hand layup
Authors: Balaga Uday Kiran , Gargitter Verena , Crane Roger , Tierney John , Yarlagadda Shridhar , Heider Dirk , Advani Suresh G.
Published: April 2023

Manufacturing of large composite structures is labor-intensive and challenging. Traditional processing methods can be replaced by automated approaches such as Automated Tape Placement (ATP). The focal point of this effort is on thin-ply thermoset prepreg materials which have shown better resistance to damage tolerance under applied stress when compared to standard ply-thickness materials in recent times. However, composites processed by thin-ply materials require more placement iterations to achieve the same net volume of coverage as the standard ply-thickness materials. This can increase the probability of placement defects such as gaps and overlaps, which may degrade the mechanical performance of the composite. Modifications to the existing ATP system are made to address the issues of placement defects, which resulted in improved accuracy for thin ply placement. Unidirectional and quasi-isotropic panels are fabricated from 12’’ wide unidirectional prepreg sheet with the conventional hand layup (CHL) method for the baseline property comparison with panels fabricated by the ATP process using a ¼’’ wide slit tape. This paper investigates the effects of processing defects and material variability on the mechanical properties such as tensile, Open hole tension and Bearing tests of thin ply composites. In addition, the microstructure of the fabricated thin-ply composite panels is analysed using ultrasonic C-scans and confocal microscopy to examine the processing and material quality.
Mapping internal strain fields of fused filament fabrication metal filled polylactic acid structure using digital volume correlation
Authors: Goyal Abhinav , Timpano Cristofaro S , Melenka Garrett W
Published: April 2023

With the advancement in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), its application is increasing widely across different industries such as aeronautical, biomedical, robotics, etc. The internal structure is becoming more complex and intricate with varying materials of reinforcement which are used to improve mechanical properties. Current measurement techniques like Digital Image Correlation (DIC) are non-destructive testing methods that do not provide enough information on the behaviour of internal microstructure for anisotropic FFF materials. Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) is non-destructive testing technique which provides full field internal 3D deformation and strain fields. Copper particle filled PLA samples manufactured using FFF method with 20, 40, 60 and 80 infill percentages were loaded in tension inside Micro-CT. X-rays were passed through the sample to get a volumetric dataset for different loadings. Using DVC method on the dataset, internal displacement and strain fields were generated for 20, 40, 60 and 80 infill percentage FFF sample.
The Long-Term Economic Legacies of Rebel Rule in Civil War: Micro Evidence From Colombia
Authors: Ibáñez Ana María , Arjona Ana , Arteaga Julián , Cárdenas Juan C. , Justino Patricia
Published: April 2023

A growing literature has documented widespread variation in the extent to which insurgents provide public goods, collect taxes, and regulate civilian conduct. This paper offers what is, to our knowledge, the first study of the long-term economic legacies of rebel governance. This effect is theoretically unclear. Rebel governance may generate incentives for households to expand production and accumulate resources. However, rebel rule may be too unstable to maintain such incentives. We explore empirically the effect of rebel rule on households’ economic resilience using a longitudinal dataset for Colombia. Results show a positive relation between wartime rebel rule and the ability of households to cope with weather shocks in the post-war period. Households in regions where armed groups were present but exercised limited or no intervention fare worse. This effect is associated with infrastructure improvement led by armed groups, their intervention in dispute adjudication, and their close interactions with local populations.
B-Cell–Derived TGF-β1 Inhibits Osteogenesis and Contributes to Bone Loss in Periodontitis
Authors: Chen Y. , Wang H. , Ni Q. , Wang T. , Bao C. , Geng Y. , Lu Y. , Cao Y. , Li Y. , Li L. , Xu Y. , Sun W.
Published: April 2023

B cells play a vital role in the elimination of periodontal pathogens, the regulation of the immune response, and the induction of tissue destruction. However, the role of B cells in the dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation to osteoblasts in periodontitis (PD) has been poorly studied. Here we show that the frequency of CD45−CD105+CD73+ MSCs in inflamed periodontal tissues is significantly decreased in patients with PD compared with that of healthy controls. CD19+ B cells dominate the infiltrated immune cells in periodontal tissues of patients with PD. Besides, B-cell depletion therapy reduces the alveolar bone loss in a ligature-induced murine PD model. B cells from PD mice express a high level of TGF-β1 and inhibit osteoblast differentiation by upregulating p-Smad2/3 expression and downregulating Runx2 expression. The inhibitory effect of PD B cells on osteoblast differentiation is reduced by TGF-β1 neutralization or Smad2/3 inhibitor. Importantly, B-cell–specific knockout of TGF-β1 in PD mice significantly increases the number of CD45−CD105+Sca1+ MSCs, ALP-positive osteoblast activity, and alveolar bone volume but decreases TRAP-positive osteoclast activity compared with that from control littermates. Lastly, CD19+CD27+CD38− memory B cells dominate the B-cell infiltrates in periodontal tissues from both patients with PD and patients with PD after initial periodontal therapy. Memory B cells in periodontal tissues of patients with PD express a high level of TGF-β1 and inhibit MSC differentiation to osteoblasts. Thus, TGF-β1 produced by B cells may contribute to alveolar bone loss in periodontitis, in part, by suppressing osteoblast activity.
School Transitions, Peer Processes, and Delinquency: A Social Network Approach to Turning Points in Adolescence
Authors: McMillan Cassie , Freelin Brittany N.
Published: April 2023

Objectives: We examine how normative school transitions (e.g., moves from elementary to middle school) shape adolescents’ experiences with three network processes that inform delinquency: delinquent popularity, delinquent sociability, and friend selection on shared delinquency participation. Methods: By applying stochastic actor-oriented models to a sample of panel data on 13,752 students from 26 school districts in the PROSPER study, we compare outcomes for students who change schools between 6th and 7th grade to those who remain in the same building. Results: We find that adolescents who transition schools between these grades have significantly different experiences with delinquency-related network processes when compared to their peers who do not make this change. For instance, in schools that merge students from multiple elementary schools to a single middle school, delinquent youth experience a reduction in their popularity and sociability following the school transition. These declines do not characterize the social experiences of delinquent adolescents who do not change schools during this period. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that school districts can organize transition patterns to provide youth a chance to sever harmful connections, start anew, and reduce their participation in delinquency.
A yarn hanging model for estimating the applied initial warp tension in the multi-layer weaving process
Authors: Xu Yonghao , Ma Wensuo , Jia Chenhui , Lei Xianqing , Zhang Zhuangya , Zhenyu Ma , Ruidong Man , Zhenhao Ma , Liguang Yang
Published: April 2023

Carbon fiber warp yarns tend to hang due to the gravity in the multi-layer weaving process, which leads to chaotic shedding and impairs fabric quality. The hanging shape of carbon fiber warp yarns is mainly determined by the applied initial warp tension in the weaving process, and excessive warp tension increases the friction between the yarn and the heald frame, resulting in yarn wear. A yarn hanging model based on catenary theory was established to estimate the applied minimum initial warp tension that could ensure clear shedding in the multi-layer weaving process. The relationship between the warp hanging shape and various weaving process parameters (warp tension, yarn specifications and the size of shedding) was obtained. According to the weaving conditions, the applied initial yarn tension could be estimated using the model before manufacturing. Multi-layer yarn hanging experiments were conducted using different specification carbon fibers and yarn tension, and the theoretical predictions and experimental results were compared. The results showed that the yarn hanging model could well simulate the actual hanging characteristics of carbon fiber warp yarn under different tension. The research results provide a tool for estimating the applied initial warp tension in the multi-layer weaving process.
Employment of highly-skilled migrants during the pandemic: Focus on internal migration in Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Evi Nurvidya , Ananta Aris
Published: April 2023

This article examines whether highly-skilled migrants (HSMs) have better employment prospects compared to low-skilled migrants (LSMs), highly-skilled non-migrants (HSNMs) and low-skilled non-migrants (LSNMs) during the unsettling time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This question was explored by focusing on internal migration in Indonesia utilizing the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey, which includes several pandemic-related information. The study examined employment in terms of working status, change in hours worked and change in income. The results indicate that having high skills was very important in coping with the disruptions in the labor market, regardless of the migration status. The highly-skilled migrants were the second best (after the highly-skilled non-migrants) in coping with the crisis. As this study focused on migration, future research should focus more on short-term mobility, such as commuters, who were likely to have been more disadvantaged by mobility restrictions during the pandemic.