bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Logotherapy to Increase Self-Esteem and Resilience of Adolescents in Orphanage
Authors:   Faculty of Psychology, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia, Putriana Harir , Noviekayati IGAA ,   Faculty of Psychology, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia, Santi Dyan Evita ,   Faculty of Psychology, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of logotherapy to increase self-esteem and resilience of adolescents in orphanages. This research uses a quantitative experimental model method with a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 10 subjects consisting of 4 males and 6 females. The sample was selected based on a purposive sampling technique with the criteria for adolescents who had self-esteem and resilience scores in the low and medium categories. The data collection method used a self-esteem scale and a resilience scale. The measuring instrument used was reconstructed by the researcher himself based on Rosenberg's self-esteem theory (1965) and Connor & Davidson's (2003) resilience theory. Data analysis in this study used non-parametric statistics with Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. The results of the research on first hypothesis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed that there were differences in pretest and posttest results between before and after being given treatment, which proves that logotherapy is effective in increasing the self-esteem of teenagers in orphanages. The second hypothesis using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test shows that there is a difference in the pretest and posttest results between before and after being given treatment, which proves that logotherapy is effective in increasing the resilience of teenagers in orphanages.
IDENTIFIKASI PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN BISPHENOL-A DALAM SAMPEL AIR GALON POLIKARBONAT SERTA VALIDASI METODE PENGUKURANNYA DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors:   Ibrahimy University, farid febriyantika cindy , lailatul qodri udrika ,   Ibrahimy University, naffiah choirunniza aqidatun ,   Ibrahimy University
Published: June 2024

Temuan BPOM menunjukkan adanya kontaminasi Bisphenol-A (BPA) yang signifikan pada air yang disimpan dalam wadah galon polikarbonat yang biasa digunakan masyarakat Indonesia. Adanya cemaran ini dikarenakan kestabilan dari BPA yang terpengaruh oleh faktor penyimpanan seperti suhu dimana galon disimpan dan lama minuman atau makanan berkontak dengan plastik polikarbonat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dampak suhu dan waktu penyimpanan terhadap kandungan BPA dalam kemasan polikarbonat, mengingat meluasnya praktik penyimpanan galon yang kurang tepat yakni diletakkan di luar ruangan. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi optimasi pelarut, penentuan panjang gelombang maksimum, preparasi sampel, dan analisis data menggunakan uji independent sample t-test dan paired sample t-test menggunakan SPSS ver 25. Validasi metode dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometri Thermo Genesys 150 UV-Vis, meliputi parameter linearitas, LOD, LOQ, akurasi, dan presisi. Pelarut paling optimal adalah kombinasi etanol:akuades (3:1) dengan panjang gelombang maksimum absorbansi pada 230 nm. Linearitas memenuhi syarat (R2 = 0,9999), dengan LOD sebesar 2,44526 ppm dan LOQ sebesar 8,15086 ppm. Akurasi (%Recovery: 80-110%) dan presisi (%RSD <2%) terbilang memuaskan. Hasil kadar BPA pada air galon “X” melampaui batas yang ditetapkan BPOM yaitu 0,6 ppm. Uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh suhu penyimpanan dengan membandingkan kadar BPA antara luar ruangan (32oC) dan suhu ruangan (20oC). Namun, perbedaan kadar BPA signifikan didapatkan pada perbandingan lama penyimpanan air pada kemasan galon selama 8 hari dan 16 hari. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menggarisbawahi perlunya praktik penyimpanan yang tepat yakni pada suhu ruangan dan menyoroti waktu penyimpanan air dalam galon tidak lebih dari satu minggu.
Perfil do aluno ingressante do curso de Engenharia Agronômica do IFTO - Campus Palmas
Authors: Vieira de Sousa Dára Beatriz , Ribeiro da Cruz Karolaynne Bevane , Coelho Barbosa da Silva Mayda , Rosanova Clauber
Published: June 2024

A escolha do curso superior apresenta diversos desafios, que vão desde as expectativas da própria família e do futuro graduando com relação ao curso escolhido, até o custo dessa formação. Dentro disso, deve-se levar em conta vários fatores, como por exemplo a carga horária do curso, a necessidade de trabalhar, os custos gerados ao se frequentar uma instituição de ensino, seja ela pública ou particular, entre outros. O curso de Engenharia Agronômica é uma alternativa entre os diversos cursos superiores existentes no país, mostrando-se como uma possibilidade de realização profissional. O presente estudo foi realizado no Instituto Federal do Tocantins (IFTO), Campus Palmas. A metodologia foi executada através da técnica de coleta de dados, por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, tendo como grupo-alvo os alunos ingressantes do curso de Engenharia Agronômica do ano de 2023.1. Dessa forma o presente estudo foi elaborado a fim de traçar o perfil do aluno ingresso no primeiro ano do curso, visando compreender sua escolha quanto ao curso, à instituição e aos motivos que possam levar o estudante a se evadir da graduação.
Mapeamento dos solos plínticos e latossolos no estado do Tocantins e seus potenciais agricultáveis
Authors: Leite Olavo Da Costa , Ribeiro Evandro Alves , Silva Allan Deyvid Pereira da , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de , Machado Igor Eloi Silva
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar o mapeamento dos solos plínticos e latossolos no estado do Tocantins e compreender os fatores e os potenciais agricultáveis para esses tipos de solos, retratando também o uso e a ocupação do solo. Vale destacar que o Tocantins pertence à região do MATOPIBA (Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia) e representa grande potencial nacional em relação à produção de grãos no Brasil. Nota-se que há poucos trabalhos científicos que buscam estudar os solos plínticos no Tocantins, associando as limitações com as características químicas e físicas do solo, em especial em ambiente instável como em solo em área de várzea. O desenvolvimento do trabalho ocorreu em três etapas: a primeira corresponde ao levantamento de dados da área em estudo por meio do uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento, com intuito de fornecer informações acerca da distribuição da área citada acima; a segunda etapa registra a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a potencialidade dos solos, bem como seu uso e ocupação; a terceira etapa relata a discussão sobre os dados coletados e possíveis fatores para o manejo do uso do solo. Os plintossoloss ocupam 98.209 km², representando aproximadamente 35,3%, e os latossolos correspondem a 53.869 km², concebendo aproximadamente 19,4%. Os dois solos correspondem a 54,7% e representam 152.078 km². Assim, os plintossolos no Tocantins têm uma grande predominância nas planícies do Rio Araguaia, que é chamada de Vale do Araguaia no estado. Os latossolos são encontrados mais em área de terras firmes, ou seja, são solos com melhor drenagem em relação aos plintossolos.
A Review on The Future of Technology: How Cloud Computing is Changing the Game
Authors: Ridhi R Hegde  , Devadiga Roshni Narayan  , Sandhya Moolya  , Chethan  , Dr. Pushparani M K
Published: June 2024

Cloud Computing is situated to industrialize the IT conveyance of the future. It is a common advancement of the broad selection of numerous specialized progresses in the conveyed computing range counting virtualization, lattice computing, autonomic computing, utility computing and software-as-a-service[2]. In addition, it explores the obstacles and concerns that influence increasing adoption and usage of the technology by clients. Findings illuminate present and future trends in cloud computing while exposing readers to associated challenges and issues. Reviewed literature indicates the technology's potential and expected growth in the coming years. Researchers have proposed various approaches to tackle cloud computing challenges, including security risks, through adaptive cloud computing and management of cloud computing [3].
Beef Marketing Channels and Efficiency in Banyumas Regency Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Widiyanti Rahayu , Hidayat Nunung Noor , Mastuti Sri
Published: June 2024

The research was conducted in Banyumas Regency, with the objectives of studying 1) beef marketing channels, 2) beef marketing margins, and 3) beef marketing efficiency. To achieve this goal, a survey research method was used, with the research targets being beef cattle wholesellers, beef marketing institutions, and beef consumers. Slaughterhouses (RPH) were selected using a purposive sampling method; they were RPH Purwokerto and RPH Ajibarang. From each RPH, eight beef cattle whole sellers were selected as respondents, from which five retailers were selected. By using the accidental sampling method, two buyers were selected from each retailer. Therefore, there were 96 respondents from each RPH, or 192 in total. The data analysis used included descriptive analysis and marketing analysis, including costs, profits, and marketing margins. The results obtained were that there were two marketing channels, namely: (1) RPH/butcher à wholesalers à stall tradersà consumers; (2) RPH/butcher à wholesalers à consumers.   The marketing margins were IDR 34,346 and IDR 26,845, and the marketing efficiency was 4.04% and 2.86% in marketing channel 1 and marketing channel 2, respectively. It can be concluded that the beef marketing channel is simple, with quite high marketing efficiency.
Well-Being As a Component Of Subjective Health Assessment In Students
Authors: Polyakova Olga , Bonkalo Tatyana
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The effectiveness of professional education in students largely depends on subjective health assessments such as well-being, which affects psychological resistance in stressful situations and unusual conditions; prevention of maladjustment, neurotic disorders, and abnormal stress responses, and adaptability. Identification of aspects indicating decline in well-being (sleep-wake disorders, weakness of volition; autonomic dysfunction, and emotional dysregulation; signs of addiction; physical fatigue and mental exhaustion; psychological fatigue and lack of energy; fears and anxiety) is aimed at being the basis for a new program on mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention.
Purpose. The goal was to determine the main aspects of well-being as a component of subjective health assessment in students.
Methods and materials. A total of 712 adult students from Moscow universities participated in the study on a voluntary basis. In order to identify sleep-wake disorders, autonomic dysfunction and emotional dysregulation, signs of addiction, psychological fatigue and lack of energy, anxiety, and fears, the participants were provided with two questionnaires: “Mood is health,” elaborated by G. S. Odinokov, and “Symptomatic questionnaire of well-being,” developed by A. Volkov and N. E. Vodopyanova. Then, the data were processed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Chaddock–Snedecor scale.
Results. It was revealed that the level of well-being as a component of subjective health assessment in students was above-average. There was an average level of sleep-wake disorders, emotional dysregulation, psychological fatigue and lack of energy, anxiety and fears, as well as a below-average level of weakness of volition, autonomic dysfunction and signs of addiction. A strong correlation between the total and final results of well-being aspects and sleep-wake disorders, weakness of volition, autonomic dysfunction and emotional dysregulation, signs of addiction, psychological fatigue and lack of energy, fears and anxiety indicates that the lower these components, the higher the well-being.
Experience of Introducing Mixed and Hybrid Training for Health Professionals into Continuing Professional Education System
Authors: Sviridova Tatyana , Makiev Ruslan , Polovinka Vyacheslav , Kamynina Natalya
Published: June 2024

Introduction. One of the most relevant topics in the development of a modern training model in the system of continuing professional education for health professionals is the implementation of mixed and hybrid education. This approach combines the advantages of in-person interaction with the lecturer and the convenience of distance learning.
The purpose of this article was to describe the experience of introducing mixed and hybrid training for medical specialists into additional professional education programs as well as to find out their satisfaction with new education formats.
Materials and methods. In order to assess the satisfaction degree with mixed and hybrid education of students attending continuing professional education and advanced training courses, a sociological study based on questionnaire data was carried out.
The results show that the majority of students prefer mixed and hybrid forms of education. It may indicate the relevance of integrating traditional and modern approaches into the educational process in order to comply with the preferences of students and provide them with conditions, which enable successful learning.
Análisis de la inclinación solar mediante el uso de un heliodón para el diseño de la sombra de elementos arquitectónicos
Authors: Montoya Torres Vladimir Simón
Published: June 2024

La investigación se enfocó en analizar el recorrido del sol alrededor de los elementos arquitectónicos en base a los alineamientos que se experimentaron en el antiguo Perú. Esto motivó el desarrollo de un heliodón de piezas desmontables y que mediante fabricación digital se puede replicar en cualquier FAB LAB. Esta herramienta permite analizar los trazos que se generan por la sombra de sólidos arquitectónicos bajo la presencia del sol. Estos análisis se pueden desarrollar en las aulas y talleres de diseño. Permite que el estudiante comprenda mejor los cambios de inclinación del sol en su recorrido anual teniendo en cuenta que estas inclinaciones cambian según la latitud, longitud y la geometría solar. Como conclusión de esta investigación, se logró patentar el heliodon el año 2021 ante INDECOPI, y su aplicación en el análisis de la sombra arrojada se pudo demostrarse mediante el diseño y construcción de paneles urbanos el año 2022, los cuales proyectaron una sombra favorable en horarios de mucha presencia solar. Actualmente, se busca mejorar las condiciones de diseño arquitectónico en relación a los sólidos arquitectónicos y su sombra, como en zonas de friaje donde se busca mejorar las condiciones de mayor presencia solar.
Analysis of the Forms and Functions of Conversational Implicature in Dowry Negotiations among the Maragoli of Western Kenya
Authors: Nandiemo Vivere Sailas , Githiora John Chege
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the Conversational Implicature (CI) evident in dowry negotiations among the Maragoli people of Western Kenya. The Maragoli is one of the sixteen Luhya subtribes in the Western Part of Kenya. The Maragoli, who speak Lulogooli language, form the dominant inhabitants of Vihiga County. The Maragoli community is steeped in traditional practices which control human relations and ways of life. One of the societal institutions that is controlled by tradition is marriage. The process of marriage among the Maragoli has several stages key among them is dowry negotiation which is the penultimate stage to a bride leaving her family to join another family through marriage. Dowry negotiation is a rigorous and often a delicate exercise that seeks to bind two families hence it is conducted in language that is meant to foster unity and understanding besides achieving the goal of a dowry settlement. Towards this end, participants in Maragoli dowry negotiations have mastered the art of indirectness in the use of Lulogooli language to achieve their purpose; the lexical items used and utterances made on this occasion have a hidden meaning. This study delves into this with specific focus on dowry negotiations in Sabatia Sub County in Vihiga County. The paper will analyze how CI manifested in Lulogooli, the forms of the CI and linguistic functions of performed by the CI.
Anadolu Türk Mimarisi Taç Kapılarında Yan Nişler
Authors: Fidan Mevlüt Anıl
Published: June 2024

Bir yapının ön cephe kuruluşlarını taç kapılar, pencereler, nişler, silmeler, payandalar, köşe kuleleri, çörtenler ve minareler gibi unsurlar oluşturmaktadır. Diğer cephelere göre daha fazla önem verilerek yapılan ön cephelerde en önemli yapı elemanı taç kapılarıdır. Taç kapılar yapıdan bağımsız olarak kendilerine has birtakım teknik ve süsleme programlarına sahiptir. Bu farklılıklar taç kapıları diğer yapı elemanlarından ayırmaktadır. Taç kapıların kendine özgü yapım programı içerisinde belirgin bir unsur olarak yan nişler de önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Form özellikleri bakımında taç kapılara ve mihraplara benzeyen yan nişler taç kapıların geçit kısmında derinlik etkisi yaratan unsurlardır. Son zamanlarda Sanat Tarihi bilim dalı içerisinde genel yapısal konuların dışında özel ögesel konular üzerine yapılan çalışmalar Türk-İslam mimarisinin sanatsal zenginliklerini de gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız Anadolu coğrafyası genelinde Türk Mimarisinde görülen yan nişlerin kısa bir değerlendirmesini içermektedir.
Changes in morphology of the lateral abdominal wall muscles during sagittal tilting in young healthy subjects
Authors: Białach Małgorzata , Bugdol Monika , Bibrowicz Karol , Myśliwiec Andrzej
Published: June 2024

Objective

The lateral abdominal wall muscles and their recruitment are the subjects of common interest for researchers due to their clinical importance and practical application in athletes and non-athletes. So far, no repeatable method aimed at activating specific muscles by passive tilting has been discovered. In this paper, changes in the morphology of muscles of the lateral abdominal wall during passive body inclinations in the sagittal plane in a standing position were assessed. The objective was to determine whether a device with the mentioned function would be able to induce reflex activation of the trunk stabilisers and can be used in an initial stage of postural rehabilitation and re-education.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 179 healthy subjects aged 18–30 (96 women and 83 men) participated in the study. They were divided into groups according to the body mass index and the value of the pelvic tilt in the sagittal plane. The subject’s body (in a standing, habitual position in a specially developed device) was tilted in steps, every 1 angular degree, each time taking ultrasound measurements of the muscle thickness on the right side, starting from the vertical to a maximum value of 7 degrees. The cross-section of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscles was measured.

Results

Each of the three muscles changed its thickness in a statistically significant way accidentally at different degrees of inclination, thus not showing a homogeneous contraction pattern.

Conclusions

There are no indications for clinical application of the forward sagittal inclination in accordance with the implemented procedure in therapeutic practice.
Usability of calcite mineral, which develops in the crack fillings of carbonate rocks, as ornamental stone
Authors: Camuzcuoğlu Murat
Published: June 2024

Turkey has a significant amount of mineral content from a geological perspective, offering essential resources, especially in mining (ornamental stone production). In this study, methods are being developed for the extraction, processing, and usability of calcite minerals, which develop as vein fillings (secondary formations) among fragmented limestone along the Bayburt-Erzurum highway for ornamental stone use. The chemical and crystallographic properties of the mineral were determined through XRD and FTIR analyses, and its suitability for ornamental stone use was evaluated. (durable, clean, and transparent) epoxy was used as a binding material for ornamental stone production, and the use of calcite minerals in jewelry production was examined, revealing its potential economic value in terms of durability, aesthetics, and rarity. Generally, while calcite minerals are widely used in various industrial fields, their use as ornamental stones remains limited. This study presents a new perspective on evaluating calcite minerals as ornamental stones, demonstrating the possibility of processing a low-hardness mineral as an ornamental stone using binding materials and its potential economic value. These findings significantly evaluate natural minerals in different applications and enhance their financial potential.
Dengue fever: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Namirimu Teddy , Kim Sunjoo
Published: June 2024

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection, is rapidly increasing worldwide and affects over half of the world’s population in at-risk areas. Factors such as globalization, urbanization, and climate change have fueled its rapid geographical expansion. Although no indigenous dengue cases have been identified in Korea, the number of imported dengue cases has increased from travel to endemic regions. In Korea, dengue diagnosis relies mainly on detecting antidengue antibodies or viral nucleic acids using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Although specific antiviral treatments for dengue are currently unavailable, promising progress has been made in developing antiviral agents that target viral replication. Single-dose tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine candidates are currently being evaluated for their safety and efficacy. Innovative vector control methods, including Wolbachia-infected and genetically modified species of Aedes mosquitos, have demonstrated promising results. Owing to the limited therapeutic options, vector control strategies remain a primary focus for preventing transmission, alongside ongoing research on antiviral drugs and vaccine development. This review provides insight into dengue fever transmission, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. Additionally, it covers current global control measures, emerging treatment options, and the status of vaccines in development.
Mondialisation et dynamiques de la production urbaine
Authors: Aveline-Dubach Natacha
Published: June 2024

Au cours des vingt dernières années, les processus d’urbanisation ont subi de profondes transformations sous l’influence croissante d’acteurs privés, tout particulièrement financiers, exposant le cadre physique des villes aux flux de capitaux mondiaux. Cela a généré une hausse généralisée des valeurs immobilières à l’échelle planétaire, le plus souvent déconnectée des capacités financières des acteurs locaux – en premier lieu les ménages – qui creuse les inégalités et accroît la vulnérabilité des sociétés aux risques financiers et environnementaux.Mondialisation et dynamiques de la production urbaine offre des clés de lecture pour appréhender ces dynamiques d’accumulation du capital dans le cadre bâti des villes, en rendant compte de la diversité de leurs configurations, de leur intensité et de leurs effets urbains selon les contextes nationaux. Au-delà du cas des grands pays occidentaux, foyers initiaux de l’industrie financière et des théorisations sur l’urbain, cet ouvrage aborde les contextes particuliers de la production immobilière dans quatre grandes régions : Asie du Nord-Est, Asie du Sud-Est, Moyen-Orient et Afrique de l’Ouest.
The nutritional value of beef from Polish Red and Limousin cattle breeds maintained by an extensive production system
Authors: Wiśniewski Konrad , Świątek Marcin , Król Jolanta , Kuczyńska Beata
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare the quality of beef in three separate types of muscles – musculus longissimus thoracis, musculus infraspinatus, and musculus longissimus lumborum – obtained from the carcasses of bulls of a local breed of Polish Red and of two lines of Limousin maintained by an extensive production system using year-round pasture and bale grazing. Studies of the lumbar longissimus muscle showed that the Limousin breed (LM FR) was characterised by a higher protein content and the lowest intramuscular fat content. The carnosine content showed significant differences between the types of muscles and breeds; however, the anserine content showed minimal differences. The research showed separate characteristics in terms of the meat composition parameters of Limousin and Polish Red bulls. The beef of the Limousin breed had favourable nutritional value, higher protein content, and reduced fat content, potentially contributing to increased tenderness. The beef of local-breed cattle – although, in every respect, not equal to specialised meat breeds – showed features suitable for the production of meat with unique nutritional value, including a favourable essential fatty acid profile, especially with a higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content.
Microphysical characteristics of precipitation within convective overshooting over East China observed by GPM DPR and ERA5
Authors: Sun Nan , Lu Gaopeng , Fu Yunfei
Published: June 2024

Abstract. We examine the geographical distribution and microphysical three-dimensional structure of convective overshooting over East China by matching the Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM DPR) instrument with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Fifth-Generation Reanalysis (ERA5). Convective overshooting mainly occurs over Northeast China (NC) and northern Middle and East China (MEC), and its frequency varies from 4×10-4 to 5.4×10-3. Radar reflectivity of convective overshooting over NC accounts for a higher proportion below the freezing level, while MEC and South China (SC) account for a higher proportion above the freezing level, indicating stronger upward motion and more ice crystal particles. The microphysical processes within convective overshooting are unique, leading to various properties of the droplets in precipitation. Droplets of convective overshooting are large but sparse, with an effective droplet radius of nearly 2.5 mm below 10 km, which is about twice that of non-overshooting precipitation. The findings of this study may have important implications for the microphysical evolution associated with convective overshooting and provide more accurate precipitation microphysical parameters as input for model simulations.
On the uncertainty of anthropogenic aromatic volatile organic compound emissions: model evaluation and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Oliveira Kevin , Guevara Marc , Jorba Oriol , Petetin Hervé , Bowdalo Dene , Tena Carles , Montané Pinto Gilbert , López Franco , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly impact air quality and atmospheric chemistry, influencing ozone formation and secondary organic aerosol production. Despite their importance, the uncertainties associated with representing VOCs in atmospheric emission inventories are considerable. This work presents a spatiotemporal assessment and evaluation of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) emissions and concentrations in Spain by combining bottom-up emissions, air quality modelling techniques, and ground-based observations. The emissions produced by High-Elective Resolution Modelling Emission System (HERMESv3) were used as input to the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry (MONARCH) chemical transport model to simulate surface concentrations across Spain. Comparing modelled and observed levels revealed uncertainty in the anthropogenic emissions, which were further explored through sensitivity tests. The largest levels of observed benzene and xylene were found in industrial sites near coke ovens, refineries, and car manufacturing facilities, where the modelling results show large underestimations. Official emissions reported for these facilities were replaced by alternative estimates, resulting in varied improvements in the model's performance across different stations. However, uncertainties associated with industrial emission processes persist, emphasising the need for further refinement. For toluene, consistent overestimations in background stations were mainly related to uncertainties in the spatial disaggregation of emissions from industrial-use solvent activities, mainly wood paint applications. Observed benzene levels in Barcelona's urban traffic areas were 5 times larger than the ones observed in Madrid. MONARCH failed to reproduce the observed gradient between the two cities due to uncertainties arising from estimating emissions from motorcycles and mopeds, as well as from different measurement methods and the model's capacity to accurately simulate meteorological conditions. Our results are constrained by the spatial and temporal coverage of available BTX observations, posing a key challenge in evaluating the spatial distribution of modelled levels and associated emissions.
Monitoring snow wetness evolution from satellite with Sentinel-1 multi-track composites
Authors: Dasser Gwendolyn , Bickel Valentin T. , Rüetschi Marius , Jacquemart Mylène , Bavay Mathias , Hafner Elisabeth D. , van Herwijnen Alec , Manconi Andrea
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Information about snowpack wetness at high temporal and spatial resolutions is important for timely identification of pre-disposing conditions for avalanche release. However, such information is often available only for specific, instrumented locations. Space-borne techniques such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) allow us acquiring information over large areas and in remote and challenging terrain. Here, we show how Sentinel-1 SAR multi-track composites can be used to monitor snow wetness evolution over multiple seasons for a 5 study site of 400 km2 around Davos in the eastern Swiss Alps. We validate the performance of our method using both in-situ measurements and modelled snowpack data. Moreover, we compared snow wetness maps and time series with wet avalanches records. We found correlations between SAR backscatter and modelled liquid water content between -0.25 and -0.59 for Spearman’s rank coefficient and -0.25 and -0.64 for Pearson’s correlation coefficient. By calculating the percentage of detected wet snow to dry/no snow per elevation, the season-elevation related 10 melting can be tracked. Moreover, we show that a rise of wet snow ratio above 40 % coincides with an increase in wet snow avalanches releases in corresponding elevation bands. Our results suggest that wet snow products derived from Sentinel-1 SAR data may assist in identifying regions featuring a potential increase of wet snow avalanche activity. However, we could not find evidence of precursors of wet avalanche initiation with the accuracy required for operative monitoring applications.
Process-based Modeling of Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence with VISIT-SIF version 1.0
Authors: Miyauchi Tatsuya , Saito Makoto , Noda Hibiki M. , Ito Akihiko , Kato Tomomichi , Matsunaga Tsuneo
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can provide opportunities to improve our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics and the carbon cycle at the global scale. Here, we present a new biogeochemical process-based carbon and nitrogen cycle model for representing SIF retrievals (VISIT-SIF version 1.0) acquired by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) with an hourly time step and a spatial resolution of approximately 0.31 × 0.31 degrees. VISIT-SIF is characterized by its ease of implementation for the representation of radiation transfer processes between surface canopy and satellite measurements. With an initial seven years of data (2009–2015), our model simulations showed a consistent global mean value of 0.51±0.39, with GOSAT SIF retrievals of 0.46±0.42 mW m-2 sr-1 nm-1; the root-mean-square error was 0.29 mW m-2 sr-1 nm-1. We also found that the mean seasonal variability in the simulated SIFs mostly consisted of the GOSAT SIF retrievals at the subcontinental scale. However, the simulated results indicated less sensitivity to water stress in the late dry season in arid and semiarid regions relative to that of the GOSAT SIF retrievals, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies using multiple biogeochemical process-based models. This comparison suggested that there is a critical need to improve our knowledge of SIF variability and biophysical processes in such regions.
Inter-model differences in 21st Century Glacier Runoff for the World’s Major River Basins
Authors: Wimberly Finn , Ultee Lizz , Schuster Lilian , Huss Matthias , Rounce David R. , Maussion Fabien , Coats Sloan , Mackay Jonathan , Holmgren Erik
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Projected glacier change has important downstream consequences, including sea level rise, changing freshwater supply, and loss of important cultural sites. While the glacier contribution to global sea level rise and associated uncertainties have been quantified in model intercomparison studies, comparatively less focus has been directed towards the inter-annual changes in runoff caused by glacier recession. The observed effect of glacier runoff on basin-level water availability makes simulated future runoff a particularly consequential target for analysis. In this study, we compare century-scale runoff simulated by three global glacier evolution models. Aggregating annual glacier runoff contributions to 75 globally-distributed major river basins, we find that the three models agree closely in some basins but differ dramatically (up to a factor of 3.8) in others. However, when we analyze century-scale runoff changes relative to a glacier model's historical runoff baseline, annual runoff projections are much more consistent across glacier models. Glacier models project broadly consistent relative changes in seasonal runoff supply, with some differences across climatic regions. Estimates of the year of peak water are more consistent across glacier models (when driven by a climate model ensemble) than across individual climate forcings within a single glacier model. We identify the glacier models' different approaches to modifying precipitation forcing as the dominant source of inter-model differences in projected runoff. Our findings highlight the comparative roles of glacier evolution model, global climate model forcing, and emissions scenario as important sources of uncertainty across different metrics of projected glacier runoff. We recommend steps to account for glacier model uncertainties in glacio-hydrological modelling efforts.
Development of a high-resolution integrated emission inventory of air pollutants for China
Authors: Wu Nana , Geng Guannan , Xu Ruochong , Liu Shigan , Liu Xiaodong , Shi Qinren , Zhou Ying , Zhao Yu , Liu Huan , Song Yu , Zheng Junyu , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Constructing a highly resolved comprehensive emission dataset for China is challenging due to limited availability of refined information for parameters in a unified bottom-up framework. Here, by developing an integrated modeling framework, we harmonized multi-source heterogeneous data, including several up-to-date emission inventories at national and regional scales and for key species and sources in China to generate a 0.1° resolution inventory for 2017. By source mapping, species mapping, temporal disaggregation, spatial allocation, and spatial–temporal coupling, different emission inventories are normalized in terms of source categories, chemical species, and spatiotemporal resolutions. This achieves the coupling of multi-scale, high-resolution emission inventories with the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), forming the high-resolution INTegrated emission inventory of Air pollutants for China (INTAC). We find that INTAC provides more accurate representations for emission magnitudes and spatiotemporal patterns. In 2017, China's emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH3), PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) were 12.3, 24.5, 141.0, 27.9, 9.2, 11.1, 8.4, 1.3, and 2.2 Tg, respectively. The proportion of point source emissions for SO2, PM10, NOx, and PM2.5 increases from 7 %–19 % in MEIC to 48 %–66 % in INTAC, resulting in improved spatial accuracy, especially mitigating overestimations in densely populated areas. Compared with MEIC, INTAC reduces mean biases in simulated concentrations of major air pollutants by 2–14 µg m−3 across 74 cities, compared against ground observations. The enhanced model performance by INTAC is particularly evident at finer-grid resolutions. Our new dataset is accessible at http://meicmodel.org.cn/intac (last access: 15 April 2024) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10459198 (Wu et al., 2024), and it will provide a solid data foundation for fine-scale atmospheric research and air-quality improvement.
A parameterization scheme for the floating wind farm in a coupled atmosphere–wave model (COAWST v3.7)
Authors: Deng Shaokun , Yang Shengmu , Chen Shengli , Chen Daoyi , Yang Xuefeng , Cui Shanshan
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Coupling the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with wind farm parameterization can be effective in examining the performance of large-scale wind farms. However, the current scheme is not suitable for floating wind turbines. In this study, a new scheme is developed for floating wind farm parameterization (FWFP) in the WRF model. The impacts of the side columns of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine on waves are first parameterized in the spectral wave model (SWAN) where the key idea is to consider both inertial and drag forces on side columns. A machine learning model is trained using results from idealized high-resolution SWAN simulations and then implemented in the WRF to form the FWFP. The difference between our new scheme and the original scheme in a realistic case is investigated using a coupled atmosphere–wave model. The results show that the original scheme has a lower power output in most of the grids with an average of 12 % compared to the FWFP scheme. The upstream wind speed is increased slightly compared to the original scheme (<0.4 m s−1), while the downstream wind speed is decreased but by a much larger magnitude (<1.8 m s−1). The distribution of the difference in turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) corresponds well to that of the wind speed, and the TKE budget reveals that the difference in TKE in the rotor region between the two schemes is mainly due to vertical wind shear. This demonstrates that the FWFP is necessary for both predicting the wind power and evaluating the impact of floating wind farms on the surrounding environment.
Implementing detailed nucleation predictions in the Earth system model EC-Earth3.3.4: sulfuric acid–ammonia nucleation
Authors: Svenhag Carl , Sporre Moa K. , Olenius Tinja , Yazgi Daniel , Blichner Sara M. , Nieradzik Lars P. , Roldin Pontus
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Representing detailed atmospheric aerosol processes in global Earth system models (ESMs) has proven to be challenging from both a computational and a parameterization perspective. The representation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and new particle formation (NPF) in large ESMs is generally constructed with low detail to save computational costs. The simplification could result in losing the representation of some processes. In this study, we test and evaluate a new approach for improving the description of NPF processes in the ESM EC-Earth3 (ECE3) without significant additional computational burden. The current NPF scheme in EC-Earth3.3.4 is derived from the nucleation of low-volatility organic vapors and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) together with a homogeneous water–H2SO4 nucleation scheme. We expand the existing schemes and introduce a new lookup table approach that incorporates detailed formation rate predictions through molecular modeling of sulfuric acid–ammonia nucleation (H2SO2–NH3). We apply tables of particle formation rates for H2SO2–NH3 nucleation, including dependence on temperature, atmospheric ion production rate, and molecular cluster scavenging sink. The resulting differences between using the H2SO4–NH3 nucleation in ECE3 and the original default ECE3 scheme are evaluated and compared with a focus on changes in the aerosol composition, cloud properties, and radiation balance. From this new nucleation scheme, EC-Earth3's global average aerosol concentrations in the sub-100 nm sizes increased by 12 %–28 %. Aerosol concentrations above 100 nm and the direct radiative effect (in W m−2) showed only minor differences upon changing of the nucleation scheme. However, the radiative effect from clouds affected by aerosols from the new nucleation scheme resulted in a global decrease (cooling effect) by 0.28–1 W m−2. The modeled aerosol concentrations were compared to observed measurements at various stations. In most cases, the new NPF predictions (H2SO2–NH3) performed better at stations where previous underestimations for aerosol concentrations occurred.
The development of an operational system for estimating irrigation water use reveals socio-political dynamics in Ukraine
Authors: Dari Jacopo , Filippucci Paolo , Brocca Luca
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Irrigation is the main driver of crop production in many agricultural regions across the world. The estimation of irrigation water has the potential to enhance our comprehension of the Earth system, thus providing crucial data for food production. In this study, we have created a unique operational system for estimating irrigation water using data from satellite soil moisture, reanalysis precipitation, and potential evaporation. As a proof of concept, we implemented the method at a high resolution (1 km) during the period of 2015–2023 over the area south of the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine, which collapsed on 6 June 2023. The selected study area enabled us to showcase that our operational system is able to track the effect of the pandemic and conflict on the irrigation water supply. Significant decreases of 63 % and 44 % in irrigation water compared to the mean irrigation water between 2015 and 2023 have been identified as being linked to the collapse of the dam and, potentially, to the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal network complexity determines soil multi-enzymatic activity
Authors: Prieto-Rubio Jorge , Garrido José L. , Alcántara Julio M. , Azcón-Aguilar Concepción , Rincón Ana , López-García Álvaro
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Soil functioning is intrinsically related to the structure of associated biological communities. This link is barely understood in the multispecies context of soil microbial communities, which often requires complex analytical approaches to discern structural and functional roles of microbial taxa inhabiting the soil. To investigate these ecological properties, we characterized the assembly and soil functioning contribution of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities through co-occurrence network analysis. Co-occurrence networks were inferred from ECM root tips of Cistus albidus, Quercus faginea and Q. ilex on a regional scale, in Mediterranean mixed forests. Soil enzymatic activities related to carbon and nutrient cycling were also measured, and soil functionality outcomes related to ECM fungal network structure were evaluated on the community to taxon levels. Network complexity relied on habitat characteristics and seasonality, and it was linked to different dominant ECM fungal lineages across habitats. Soil enzymatic activities were habitat-dependent, driven by host plant identity and fungi with reduced structuring roles in the co-occurrence network (mainly within Thelephorales, Sebacinales and Pezizales). ECM fungal co-occurrence network structure and functioning were highly context-dependent, pointing to divergent regional fungal species pools according to their niche preferences. As increased network complexity was not related to greater soil functionality, functional redundancy might be operating in Mediterranean forest soils. The revealed differentiation between structural and functional roles of ECM fungi adds new insights into the understanding of soil fungal community assembly and its functionality in ecosystems.
Exploring non-Gaussian sea ice characteristics via observing system simulation experiments
Authors: Riedel Christopher , Anderson Jeffrey
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The Arctic is warming at a faster rate compared to the globe on average, a phenomenon commonly referred to as Arctic amplification. Sea ice has been linked to Arctic amplification and has gathered attention recently due to the decline in summer sea ice extent. Data assimilation (DA) is the act of combining observations with prior forecasts to obtain a more accurate model state. Sea ice poses a unique challenge for DA because sea ice variables have bounded distributions, leading to non-Gaussian distributions. The non-Gaussian nature violates the Gaussian assumptions built into DA algorithms. This study presents different observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs), which will provide a data assimilating testing framework through experimental observation networks and synthetic observations. The OSSE framework will help determine the best data assimilation configuration for assimilating sea ice and snow observations. Findings indicate that assimilating both sea ice thickness and snow depth observations while omitting sea ice concentration observations produced the best sea ice and snow forecasts in our idealized experimental setup. A simplified DA experiment helped demonstrate that the DA solution is biased when assimilating sea ice concentration observations. The biased DA solution is related to the observation error distribution being a truncated normal distribution, and the assumed observation likelihood is normal for the DA method. Additional OSSEs show that using a non-Gaussian DA method does not alleviate the non-Gaussian effects of sea ice concentration observations, and assimilating sea ice surface temperatures has a positive impact on snow updates. Finally, it is shown that the perturbed sea ice model parameters used to create additional ensemble spread in the free forecasts lead to a year-long negative snow volume bias.
The importance of cloud properties when assessing surface melting in an offline-coupled firn model over Ross Ice shelf, West Antarctica
Authors: Hansen Nicolaj , Orr Andrew , Zou Xun , Boberg Fredrik , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Gilbert Ella , Langen Peter L. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Mottram Ruth , Phillips Tony , Price Ruth , Simonsen Sebastian B. , Webster Stuart
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, experienced an extensive melt event in January 2016. We examine the representation of this event by the HIRHAM5 and MetUM high-resolution regional atmospheric models, as well as a sophisticated offline-coupled firn model forced with their outputs. The model results are compared with satellite-based estimates of melt days. The firn model estimates of the number of melt days are in good agreement with the observations over the eastern and central sectors of the ice shelf, while the HIRHAM5 and MetUM estimates based on their own surface schemes are considerably underestimated, possibly due to deficiencies in these schemes and an absence of spin-up. However, the firn model simulates sustained melting over the western sector of the ice shelf, in disagreement with the observations that show this region as being a melt-free area. This is attributed to deficiencies in the HIRHAM5 and MetUM output and particularly a likely overestimation of night-time net surface radiative flux. This occurs in response to an increase in night-time downwelling longwave flux from around 180–200 to 280 W m−2 over the course of a few days, leading to an excessive amount of energy at the surface available for melt. Satellite-based observations show that this change coincides with a transition from clear-sky to cloudy conditions, with clouds containing both liquid water and ice water. The models capture the initial clear-sky conditions but seemingly struggle to correctly represent cloud properties associated with the cloudy conditions, which we suggest is responsible for the radiative flux errors.