bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxygen and steroids affect the regulatory role of natriuretic peptide receptor-C on surfactant secretion by type II cells
Authors: Ryan Rita M. , Paintlia Manjeet K. , Newton Danforth A. , Spyropoulos Demetri D. , Kemp Matthew , Jobe Alan H. , Baatz John E.
Published: October 2021

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its receptors natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A and NPR-C are all highly expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s) in the late-gestation ovine fetal lung and are dramatically decreased postnatally. However, of all the components, NPR-C stimulation inhibits ANP-mediated surfactant secretion. Since alveolar oxygen increases dramatically after birth, and steroids are administered to mothers antenatally to enhance surfactant lung maturity, we investigated the effects of O2 concentration and steroids on NPR-C-mediated surfactant secretion in AEC2s. NPR-C expression was highest at 5% O2 while being suppressed by 21% O2, in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-15s) and/or human primary AEC2s. Surfactant protein-B (SP-B) was significantly elevated in media from both in vitro and ex vivo culture at 13% O2 versus 21% O2 in the presence of ANP or terbutaline (TER). Both ANP and C-ANP (an NPR-C agonist) attenuated TER-induced SP-B secretion; this effect was reversed by dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment in AEC2s and by transfection with NPR-C siRNA in MLE-15 cells. DEX markedly reduced AEC2 NPR-C expression, and pregnant ewes treated with betamethasone showed reduced ANP in fetal sheep lung fluid. These data suggest that elevated O2 downregulates AEC2 NPR-C and that steroid-mediated NPR-C downregulation in neonatal lungs may provide a novel mechanism for their effect on perinatal surfactant production.
Exogenous ketosis increases blood and muscle oxygenation but not performance during exercise in hypoxia
Authors: Poffé Chiel , Robberechts Ruben , Podlogar Tim , Kusters Martijn , Debevec Tadej , Hespel Peter
Published: October 2021

Available evidence indicates that elevated blood ketones are associated with improved hypoxic tolerance in rodents. From this perspective, we hypothesized that exogenous ketosis by oral intake of the ketone ester ( R)-3-hydroxybutyl ( R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (KE) may induce beneficial physiological effects during prolonged exercise in acute hypoxia. As we recently demonstrated KE to deplete blood bicarbonate, which per se may alter the physiological response to hypoxia, we evaluated the effect of KE both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate intake (BIC). Fourteen highly trained male cyclists performed a simulated cycling race (RACE) consisting of 3-h intermittent cycling (IMT180′) followed by a 15-min time-trial (TT15′) and an all-out sprint at 175% of lactate threshold (SPRINT). During RACE, fraction of inspired oxygen ([Formula: see text]) was gradually decreased from 18.6% to 14.5%. Before and during RACE, participants received either 1) 75 g of ketone ester (KE), 2) 300 mg/kg body mass bicarbonate (BIC), 3) KE + BIC, or 4) a control drink in addition to 60 g of carbohydrates/h in a randomized, crossover design. KE counteracted the hypoxia-induced drop in blood ([Formula: see text]) and muscle oxygenation by ∼3%. In contrast, BIC decreased [Formula: see text] by ∼2% without impacting muscle oxygenation. Performance during TT15′ and SPRINT were similar between all conditions. In conclusion, KE slightly elevated the degree of blood and muscle oxygenation during prolonged exercise in moderate hypoxia without impacting exercise performance. Our data warrant to further investigate the potential of exogenous ketosis to improve muscular and cerebral oxygenation status, and exercise tolerance in extreme hypoxia.
ACE2: a key modulator of the renin-angiotensin system and pregnancy
Authors: Tamanna Sonia , Lumbers Eugenie R. , Morosin Saije K. , Delforce Sarah J. , Pringle Kirsty G.
Published: October 2021

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a membrane-bound protein containing 805 amino acids. ACE2 shows approximately 42% sequence similarity to somatic ACE but has different biochemical activities. The key role of ACE2 is to catalyze the vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin (ANG) II to Ang-(1–7), thus regulating the two major counterbalancing pathways of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In this way, ACE2 plays a protective role in end-organ damage by protecting tissues from the proinflammatory actions of ANG II. The circulating RAS is activated in normal pregnancy and is essential for maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure. Renin-angiotensin systems are also found in the conceptus. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation and function of circulating and uteroplacental ACE2 in uncomplicated and complicated pregnancies, including those affected by preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Since ACE2 is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with more severe disease and increased risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes, we also discuss the role of ACE2 in mediating some of these adverse consequences. We propose that dysregulation of ACE2 plays a critical role in the development of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and COVID-19-associated pregnancy pathologies and suggest that human recombinant soluble ACE2 could be a novel therapeutic to treat and/or prevent these pregnancy complications.
Effect of background clutter on neural discrimination in the bat auditory midbrain
Authors: Allen Kathryne M. , Salles Angeles , Park Sangwook , Elhilali Mounya , Moss Cynthia F.
Published: October 2021

Bats are powerful animal models for investigating the encoding of auditory objects under acoustically challenging conditions. Although past work has considered the effect of acoustic clutter on sonar target detection, less is known about target discrimination in clutter. Our work shows that the neural encoding of auditory objects was affected by clutter in a distance-dependent manner. These findings advance the knowledge on auditory object detection and discrimination and noise-dependent stimulus enhancement.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Compliance with Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Correlation with the Severity of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhu Li , Zhang Xiaodan , Yang Jing
Published: October 2021

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and thrombus, and anticoagulant therapy is a key link in the prevention of stroke. At present, the anticoagulation rate of atrial fibrillation in China is low, and there are many factors affecting the adherence of patients with atrial fibrillation to anticoagulation. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are anticoagulant with high application value due to their high safety and low risk of intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, and death. However, the compliance of NOACs is poor, and the current situation of anticoagulants in China is not optimistic. In this study, a total of 156 patients with NVAF who received NOAC anticoagulation therapy in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that education background, place of residence, number of complications, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and HAS-BLED score were independent influencing factors for NOACS compliance of NVAF patients. Also, the Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation (r = −0.465,

P
<
0.001

) between NOAC compliance and severity of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF. Therefore, clinical supervision and management of patients with NVAF after NOACs should be strengthened to improve the compliance of patients with NVAF after NOACs, reduce the damage of ischemic stroke, and improve their prognosis.
Steady‐State Response Analysis of the Incompressible Nonlocal Saturated Poroelastic Beam under a Vertical Harmonic Load
Authors: Zhang Zongling
Published: October 2021

Based on the nonlocal theory and the theory of saturated porous media, the mathematical and physical model and governing equations of the steady‐state response of the incompressible nonlocal saturated poroelastic beam under vertical harmonic loading are established with assumption of the movement of the liquid‐phase fluid only in the axial direction of the beam and considering the nonlocal effects such as particle size, pore size, and pore dynamic stress. The dynamic response of a saturated poroelastic cantilever beam with permeability at both ends under a vertical harmonic concentrated force at the free end is studied. In the frequency domain, the analytical expressions of deflection amplification factor and equivalent couple amplification factor of liquid fluid pressure are given. The effects of nonlocal coefficient τ, mechanical parameter α, and geometric parameter β on the deflection amplification factor and equivalent couple amplification factor at the midpoint of the nonlocal saturated poroelastic cantilever beam are studied. The results show that the steady‐state vibration of the incompressible nonlocal saturated poroelastic cantilever beam has resonance. When the nonlocal effect is considered, the deflection amplification factor and the equivalent couple amplification factor are larger, so the influence of the nonlocal effect on the steady‐state response of the beam should not be ignored. The geometric parameter β has significant effect on the peak positions of the curves of the deflection amplification factor and the equivalent couple amplification factor varying with frequency.
Classification of Arrhythmia in Heartbeat Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ullah Wusat , Siddique Imran , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Ahmad Irfan , Raza Usman Ahmad
Published: October 2021

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most widely used diagnostic instruments in medicine and healthcare. Deep learning methods have shown promise in healthcare prediction challenges involving ECG data. This paper aims to apply deep learning techniques on the publicly available dataset to classify arrhythmia. We have used two kinds of the dataset in our research paper. One dataset is the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia database, with a sampling frequency of 125 Hz with 1,09,446 ECG beats. The classes included in this first dataset are N, S, V, F, and Q. The second database is PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. The second database has two classes. The techniques used in these two datasets are the CNN model, CNN + LSTM, and CNN + LSTM + Attention Model. 80% of the data is used for the training, and the remaining 20% is used for testing. The result achieved by using these three techniques shows the accuracy of 99.12% for the CNN model, 99.3% for CNN + LSTM, and 99.29% for CNN + LSTM + Attention Model.
Simultaneous Jamming‐and‐Transmitting Scheme for Spectrum‐Sharing Relaying Networks with Nonlinear Energy Scavenging
Authors: Pham-Minh Triet , Ho-Van Khuong , Nghi-Vinh Khanh
Published: October 2021

This paper recommends a simultaneous jamming‐and‐transmitting scheme for spectrum‐sharing relaying networks with nonlinear energy scavenging. More specifically, spectrum‐sharing relaying networks include a secondary source which expects to communicate with a secondary destination but impossible due to communication blockage between them, a secondary relay which helps the source overcome this blockage, a primary receiver, and a wiretapper which steals secret messages from both source and relay. To motivate assistance, the relay scavenges radio frequency energy from the source with practical nonlinear energy scavenger (NL‐ES) instead of linear energy scavenger (L‐ES) as in previous publications. Additionally, both source and relay perform simultaneous jamming‐and‐transmitting to secure their communication. The intercept and outage probabilities of the recommended scheme are evaluated through exact closed‐form formulas, which are corroborated by Monte‐Carlo simulations. Illustrative results show that the proposed scheme offers the reliability‐security trade‐off yet suffers error floor at large maximum transmit/interference power. Moreover, its performance can be optimally set with appropriate system parameters. Notably, the proposed scheme can guarantee absolute security with proper parameter setting. Furthermore, the NL‐ES is practical but performs significantly worse than the L‐ES.
Retinal Neuropathy in IGT Stage of OLETF Rats: Another Characteristic Change of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Guo Zhenhong , Sun Xiaoyue , Yang Juhong , Xie Jinlan , Zhong Feifei , Li Xinran , Zhang Yi , Han Fei , Yang Xiaoyun , Yang Shaohua , Zhou Wei , Chang Baocheng
Published: October 2021

Aims. We investigated the changes of retinal structure in normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) stages in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Methods. We assigned OLETF rats to four groups based on their OGTT results and 24 h urinary microalbumin (24 h UMA) levels: NGT, IGT, DM, and DKD groups. We observed the structural and the corresponding pathological changes and quantified the expression of HIF-1α, iNOS, NF-κB, VEGF, ICAM-1, and occludin in the retina. Results. Significant damage to the retinal structure, especially in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), was observed in the IGT stage. The expression of HIF-1α, iNOS, NF-κB, VEGF, and ICAM-1 was significantly upregulated, while that of occludin was downregulated. Conclusion. Significant retinal neuropathy occurs in the IGT stage. Inflammation and hypoxia may damage the blood retina barrier (BRB), leading to diabetic retinopathy.
Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Multiattribute Decision-Making Method Based on Three-Parameter Heronian Mean Operators
Authors: Juan Wang , Qiang Li
Published: October 2021

Numerous variants have been proposed for sets of linguistic terms and the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy set (IVHFS). In particular, the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy linguistic set (IVHFLS) is more suitable for defining the hesitancy and inconsistency inherent in the human cognitive processes of decision making. A key aggregation operator is Heronian mean (HM), based on which the correlation among aggregated arguments can be captured. However, the existing HM operators partially overlook the correlation among more than two arguments and lack the properties of idempotency and reducibility. In this work, the limitations of HM operators are first analyzed. Then, two new HM variants are introduced: three-parameter weighted Heronian mean (TPWHM) and three-parameter weighted geometric Heronian mean (TPWGHM). Thus, the reducibility, idempotency, monotonicity, and boundedness properties are proven for the two computational procedures, and unique situations are mentioned. Furthermore, two more elaborate operators are also introduced which are called the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy linguistic TPWHM (IVHFLTPWHM) and the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy linguistic TPWGHM (IVHFLTPWGHM). The main properties, as well as unique situations of these two computational procedures, are discussed. Finally, the introduced methods are clarified by illustrative examples. In addition, the parameter effects on the decision-making outcomes are discussed and comparisons with other reference methods are made.
Semisupervised Association Learning Based on Partial Differential Equations for Sparse Representation of Image Class Attributes
Authors: Song Wei , Hu Guang , OuYang Liuqing , Zhu Zhenjie
Published: October 2021

Semisupervised learning is an idea that addresses how to use a large number of unlabeled samples and a limited number of labeled samples to learn decision knowledge together. In this paper, we propose a multitask multiview semisupervised learning model based on partial differential equation random field and Hilbert independent standard probability image genus attribute model, i.e., shared semantics. In the framework of the image-like genus attribute model, data from different data sources are generated by their shared hidden space representation. Different from the traditional model, this paper uses the Hilbert independence criterion to inscribe the shared relationship of hidden expressions. Meanwhile, to exploit the correlations between labels in the label space as well, this paper uses the partial differential equation random field to inscribe the correlations between different kinds of labels in the label space and the correlations between hidden features and labels. Using the variational expectation-maximization algorithm, the whole generative process model can be inferred. To verify the effectiveness of the model, two artificial datasets and three real datasets are tested in this paper, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in the paper. On the one hand, it not only improves the classification accuracy of the multiclassification problem and the multilabel problem; it also outputs the association structure between different kinds of labels and between hidden features and labels.
DCA Protects against Oxidation Injury Attributed to Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion by Regulating Glycolysis through PDK2‐PDH‐Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyong , Li Shan , Mo Yunchang , Li Ruru , Huang Shaoyi , Zhang Anqi , Ni Xuqing , Dai Qinxue , Wang Junlu
Published: October 2021

Cerebral ischemic stroke (IS) is still a difficult problem to be solved; energy metabolism failure is one of the main factors causing mitochondrion dysfunction and oxidation stress damage within the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, which produces considerable reactive oxygen species (ROS) and opens the blood‐brain barrier. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) can inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Moreover, DCA has been indicated with the capability of increasing mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and promoting oxidation of glucose in the course of glycolysis, thereby improving the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). As a result, pyruvate flow is promoted into the tricarboxylic acid cycle to expedite ATP production. DCA has a protective effect on IS and brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study adopted a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model for simulating IS and I/R injury in mice. We investigated the mechanism by which DCA regulates glycolysis and protects the oxidative damage induced by I/R injury through the PDK2‐PDH‐Nrf2 axis. As indicated from the results of this study, DCA may improve glycolysis, reduce oxidative stress and neuronal death, damage the blood‐brain barrier, and promote the recovery of oxidative metabolism through inhibiting PDK2 and activating PDH. Additionally, DCA noticeably elevated the neurological score and reduced the infarct volume, brain water content, and necrotic neurons. Moreover, as suggested from the results, DCA elevated the content of Nrf2 as well as HO‐1, i.e., the downstream antioxidant proteins pertaining to Nrf2, while decreasing the damage of BBB and the degradation of tight junction proteins. To simulate the condition of hypoxia and ischemia in vitro, HBMEC cells received exposure to transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). The DCA treatment is capable of reducing the oxidative stress and blood‐brain barrier of HBMEC cells after in vitro hypoxia and reperfusion (H/R). Furthermore, this study evidenced that HBMEC cells could exhibit higher susceptibility to H/R‐induced oxidative stress after ML385 application, the specific inhibitor of Nrf2. Besides, the protection mediated by DCA disappeared after ML385 application. To sum up, as revealed from the mentioned results, DCA could exert the neuroprotective effect on oxidative stress and blood‐brain barrier after brain I/R injury via PDK2‐PDH‐Nrf2 pathway activation. Accordingly, the PDK2‐PDH‐Nrf2 pathway may play a key role and provide a new pharmacology target in cerebral IS and I/R protection by DCA.
On the Algebraic Characteristics of Fuzzy Sub e-Groups
Authors: Bhunia Supriya , Ghorai Ganesh , Kutbi Marwan Amin , Gulzar Muhammad , Alam Md Ashraful
Published: October 2021

Fuzzy set is a modern tool for depicting uncertainty. This paper introduces the concept of fuzzy sub e-group as an extension of fuzzy subgroup. The concepts of identity and inverse are generalized in fuzzy sub e-groups. Every fuzzy subgroup is proven to be a fuzzy sub e-group, but the converse is not true. Various properties of fuzzy sub e-groups are established. Moreover, the concepts of proper fuzzy sub e-group and super fuzzy sub e-group are discussed. Further, the concepts of fuzzy e-coset and normal fuzzy sub e-group are presented. Finally, we describe the effect of e-group homomorphism on normal fuzzy sub e-groups.
Hepatoprotective Effect and Potential Mechanism of Aqueous Extract from Phyllanthus emblica on Carbon-Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Yin Kehuan , Li Xuedong , Luo Xiaomin , Sha Yuru , Gong Puyang , Gu Jian , Tan Rui
Published: October 2021

Liver fibrosis is a pathological variation caused by almost all chronic liver injuries. As an edible and medicinal natural resource, Phyllanthus emblica (PE) has been reported to possess hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and may have an ameliorating effect on hepatic fibrosis. To investigate the protective effect of the aqueous extract of PE (AEPE) against liver fibrosis and to uncover its related mechanisms, the chemical profile of AEPE was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sulfuric acid-phenol method. Ameliorative effects of different doses of AEPE were investigated in carbon-tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver fibrosis rats by analyzing biochemical markers, morphologic pathology, and related proteins expression in liver tissue. The results indicated that AEPE (1.8, 3.6 g/kg) could significantly reduce levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), collagen IV (Col IV), type III precollagen (PCIII), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) and increase the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Sirius red, and Masson staining showed AEPE-treated improved fibrotic lesions and inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, AEPE treatment also significantly downregulates the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the liver tissue and serum, respectively. In conclusion, AEPE possesses curative efficacy against liver fibrosis through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects.
On Jaggi-Suzuki-Type Hybrid Contraction Mappings
Authors: Noorwali Maha , Yeşilkaya Seher Sultan
Published: October 2021

The aim of the paper is to introduce the concept of new hybrid contractions that combine Jaggi hybrid type contractions and Suzuki type contractions with

w

-orbital admissible. We investigate the existence and uniqueness of such new hybrid contractions in theorems and results. Further, an illustrated example is given. With the results of this study, we generalize several well-known results in the recent fixed point literature.
Total Saponin of Dioscorea collettii Attenuates MSU Crystal-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting the Activation of the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Guoying Li , Li Li , Siyue Yang , Lei Lv , Guangliang Chen
Published: October 2021

Background. Rhizomes from Dioscorea collettii are extensively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of arthritic diseases, particularly gouty arthritis (GA). This study aims to investigate whether the total saponin of Dioscorea collettii (TSD) can attenuate monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced inflammatory effects by suppressing the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Methods. Seventy-two male Wistar rats and THP-1 cells were used in this study. Pathological examination was used to examine the ankle joints of rats. The expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, MyD88, and IL-1β were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, or immunofluorescence. Results. Compared with those in the normal group, the ankle joints of rats in the model group exhibited significant swelling, synovial tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased expression of IL-1β protein. The joint swelling degree of rats in the TSD high- and medium-dose groups and the colchicine group was significantly decreased, and the histopathology was obviously improved. TSD and colchicine reduced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial fluid. They also decreased the mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB, and IL-1β in rat joint synovial tissue and the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. NF-κB protein expression in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of THP-1 cells showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed that TSD reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 in the model group. Conclusion. TSD exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect in the MSU-induced inflammation model, and the mechanism may be to reduce the production of cytokines by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
A Strong Convergence Theorem for a Finite Family of Bregman Demimetric Mappings in a Banach Space under a New Shrinking Projection Method
Authors: Orouji Bijan , Soori Ebrahim , O’Regan Donal , Agarwal Ravi P.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, using a new shrinking projection method and new generalizedk-demimetric mappings, we consider the strong convergence for finding a common point of the sets of zero points of maximal monotone mappings, common fixed points of a finite family of Bregmank-demimetric mappings, and common zero points of a finite family of Bregman inverse strongly monotone mappings in a reflexive Banach space. To the best of our knowledge, such a theorem for Bregmank-demimetric mapping is the first of its kind in a Banach space. This manuscript is online on arXiv by the link http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13254.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Lippia origanoides Kunth Essential Oil from the Carajás National Forest, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Fabiana Paiva , Santana de Oliveira Mozaniel , de Oliveira Feitosa André , Santana Barbosa Marinho Patricia , Moacir do Rosario Marinho Andrey , de Aguiar Andrade Eloisa Helena , Favacho Ribeiro Alcy
Published: October 2021

Species of the genus Lippia are rich in essential oils and have shown antibacterial properties, which may be related to oils’ chemical composition. The present work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Lippia origanoides Kunth against two bacteria strains: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Leaf essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus, and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and flame ionization detection (GC/FID). We identified 28 compounds, representing 98.87% of the total concentration of the essential oil. The compounds identified at the highest concentrations were 1,8-cineole (35.04%), carvacrol (11.32%), p-cymene (8.53%), α-pinene (7.17%), and γ-terpinene (7.16%). The leaf essential oil of L. origanoides showed antibacterial action on biological isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. For Escherichia coli, the oil presented bactericidal action at concentrations of 5–20 μL/mL. Regarding Staphylococcus aureus, the bactericidal effect was noted at 20 μL/mL and the bacteriostatic action was noted around 2.5–10 μL/mL. Given the results obtained, L. origanoides essential oil showed promising biological potential against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, thus encouraging further studies on substances isolated from this species to contribute to the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
Blockchain-Based Authentication with Optional Privacy Preservation for Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Wu Meng
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of the mobile internet and intelligent technology of in-vehicle equipment, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), centered on intelligent connected cars, has gradually entered people’s lives. However, these technologies also bring serious privacy risks and security issues in terms of data transmission and storage. In this article, we propose a blockchain-based authentication system to provide vehicle safety management. The privacy and security attributes of various vehicle authentication transactions are based on high-level cryptographic primitives, realizing temporary and formal authentication methods. At the same time, a fair blockchain consensus mechanism Auction of block generation Rights (AoR) is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility and scalability of the proposed scheme, security and performance analyses are presented. The relevant experimental results show that the scheme can provide superior decentralized management for IoV.
Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Hormones, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Sex Steroid Hormones
Authors: Swain Christopher T.V. , Drummond Ann E. , Boing Leonessa , Milne Roger L. , English Dallas R. , Brown Kristy A. , van Roekel Eline H. , Dixon-Suen Suzanne C. , Lynch Michael J. , Moore Melissa M. , Gaunt Tom R. , Martin Richard M. , Lewis Sarah J. , Lynch Brigid M.
Published: October 2021

The effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk may be partly mediated by sex steroid hormones. This review synthesized and appraised the evidence for an effect of physical activity on sex steroid hormones. Systematic searches were performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and SPORTDiscus to identify experimental studies and prospective cohort studies that examined physical activity and estrogens, progestins, and/or androgens, as well as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and glucocorticoids in pre- and postmenopausal women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE system was used to appraise quality of the evidence. Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials (RCT), 81 nonrandomized interventions, and six observational studies were included. Estrogens, progesterone, and androgens mostly decreased, and SHBG increased, in response to physical activity. Effect sizes were small, and evidence quality was graded moderate or high for each outcome. Reductions in select sex steroid hormones following exercise supports the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity–sex hormone–breast cancer pathway. The confirmed effect of physical activity on decreasing circulating sex steroid hormones supports its causal role in preventing breast cancer.

See related reviews by Lynch et al., p. 11 and Drummond et al., p. 28
Aspectos da tradução de Diário de um homem supérfluo
Authors: Antoniasse Samuel Junqueira
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo serão abordados os problemas encontrados e as soluções adotadas durante o processo de tradução da novela Diário de um homem supérfluo, de Ivan Turguêniev. Estilo do narrador de primeira pessoa, modo como ele procura transcrever a fala das personagens com quem interage, formas de tratamento e expressões idiomáticas presentes no texto são alguns dos aspectos aqui analisados.
Contos de ferrovias de Dmítri Bykov: tradução e intertexto
Authors: Pereira Eloah Pina , Vássina Elena
Published: October 2021

Ao falarmos de literatura russa contemporânea adentramos em um universo ainda pouco explorado no Brasil. Em relação aos autores mais recentes, pouquíssimos foram traduzidos, publicados ou comentados em português. Dmítri Bykov é um desses autores russos contemporâneos inéditos nas pesquisas brasileiras. Bastante múltiplo, é considerado por críticos como pós-modernista mainstream. Este artigo busca, então, ao apresentá-lo e expor algumas características da obra Contos de ferrovias (ЖД-Рассказы, 2007), investigar quais mecanismos e teorias de tradução podem levar o leitor brasileiro à compreensão não só do texto literário em si, mas do intertexto imanente e contexto da Rússia atual.
As resenhas teatrais de L. S. Vygótski: aspectos da tradução
Authors: Marques Priscila Nascimento
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo pretende abordar aspectos da tradução de um conjunto de resenhas de espetáculos teatrais escritas por L. S. Vygótski e publicadas em 1922 no periódico Nach Ponediénik (veículo de circulação local da cidade de Gomel). As resenhas comentam as montagens apresentadas pela companhia teatral Solovtsóv e têm caráter jornalístico e publicístico. As características da linguagem abordadas no artigo revelam o estilo específico do autor e sua missão como crítico.
O "padrão" poundiano
Authors: Franca Neto Alípio Correia de
Published: October 2021

Este artigo examina aspectos da abordagem poundiana de tradução poética como apresentada em suas famosas traduções de “The Seaferer”, “Homage to Sextus Propertius” e Cathay. A tentativa aqui é a de rastrear a evidência das ideias de Pound sobre seus experimentos com reescrita e reinterpretação de textos antigos como personae, ou extensões de seu próprio trabalho poético. Também se examina neste trabalho as estratégias tradutórias do autor nos termos de suas visões peculiares a respeito da relação entre mito e tradução.
Traduzir o Brasil literário: história e crítica, de Marie-Hélène Catherine Torres
Authors: Simoni Karine , Pappen Paulo Henrique
Published: October 2021

TORRES, Marie-Hélène Catherine. Traduzir o Brasil literário: história e crítica. V. 2. Supervisão de tradução de Germana Henriques Pereira de Sousa; Tradução de Clarissa Prado Marini, Sônia Fernandes e Aída Carla Rangel de Souza. Tubarão: Copiart. Florianópolis: PGET/UFSC, 2014. 397 pg.
Re‐CHARGE‐AF: Recalibration of the CHARGE‐AF Model for Atrial Fibrillation Risk Prediction in Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Ashburner Jeffrey M. , Wang Xin , Li Xinye , Khurshid Shaan , Ko Darae , Trisini Lipsanopoulos Ana , Lee Priscilla R. , Carmichael Taylor , Turner Ashby C. , Jackson Corban , Ellinor Patrick T. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Atlas Steven J. , Singer Daniel E. , Trinquart Ludovic , Lubitz Steven A. , Anderson Christopher D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Performance of existing atrial fibrillation (AF) risk prediction models in poststroke populations is unclear. We evaluated predictive utility of an AF risk model in patients with acute stroke and assessed performance of a fully refitted model.

Methods and Results

Within an academic hospital, we included patients aged 46 to 94 years discharged for acute ischemic stroke between 2003 and 2018. We estimated 5‐year predicted probabilities of AF using the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology for Atrial Fibrillation (CHARGE‐AF) model, by recalibrating CHARGE‐AF to the baseline risk of the sample, and by fully refitting a Cox proportional hazards model to the stroke sample (Re‐CHARGE‐AF) model. We compared discrimination and calibration between models and used 200 bootstrap samples for optimism‐adjusted measures. Among 551 patients with acute stroke, there were 70 incident AF events over 5 years (cumulative incidence, 15.2%; 95% CI, 10.6%–19.5%). Median predicted 5‐year risk from CHARGE‐AF was 4.8% (quartile 1–quartile 3, 2.0–12.6) and from Re‐CHARGE‐AF was 16.1% (quartile 1–quartile 3, 8.0–26.2). For CHARGE‐AF, discrimination was moderate (C statistic, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.57–0.70) and calibration was poor, underestimating AF risk (Greenwood‐Nam D’Agostino chi‐square,
P
<0.001). Calibration with recalibrated baseline risk was also poor (Greenwood‐Nam D’Agostino chi‐square,
P
<0.001). Re‐CHARGE‐AF improved discrimination (
P
=0.001) compared with CHARGE‐AF (C statistic, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68–0.79]; optimism‐adjusted, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65–0.75]) and was well calibrated (Greenwood‐Nam D’Agostino chi‐square,
P
=0.97).

Conclusions

Covariates from an established AF risk model enable accurate estimation of AF risk in a poststroke population after recalibration. A fully refitted model was required to account for varying baseline AF hazard and strength of associations between covariates and incident AF.
Tornado Formation and Intensity Prediction Using Polarimetric Radar Estimates of Updraft Area
Authors: French Michael M. , Kingfield Darrel M.
Published: October 2021

A sample of 198 supercells are investigated to determine if a radar proxy for the area of the storm midlevel updraft may be a skillful predictor of imminent tornado formation and/or peak tornado intensity. A novel algorithm, a modified version of the Thunderstorm Risk Estimation from Nowcasting Development via Size Sorting (TRENDSS) algorithm is used to estimate the area of the enhanced differential radar reflectivity factor (ZDR) column in Weather Surveillance Radar – 1988 Doppler data; the ZDR column area is used as a proxy for the area of the midlevel updraft. The areas of ZDR columns are compared for 154 tornadic supercells and 44 non-tornadic supercells, including 30+ supercells with tornadoes rated EF1, EF2, and EF3; nine supercells with EF4+ tornadoes also are analyzed. It is found that (i) at the time of their peak 0-1 km azimuthal shear, non-tornadic supercells have consistently small (< 20 km2) ZDR column areas while tornadic cases exhibit much greater variability in areas, and (ii) at the time of tornadogenesis, EF3+ tornadic cases have larger ZDR column areas than tornadic cases rated EF1/2. In addition, all nine violent tornadoes sampled have ZDR column areas > 30 km2 at the time of tornadogenesis. However, only weak positive correlation is found between ZDR column area and both radar-estimated peak tornado intensity and maximum tornado path width. Planned future work focused on mechanisms linking updraft size and tornado formation and intensity is summarized and the use of the modified TRENDSS algorithm, which is immune to ZDR bias and thus ideal for real-time operational use, is emphasized.
KAT2A complexes ATAC and SAGA play unique roles in cell maintenance and identity in hematopoiesis and leukemia
Authors: Arede Liliana , Foerner Elena , Wind Selinde , Kulkarni Rashmi , Domingues Ana Filipa , Giotopoulos George , Kleinwaechter Svenja , Mollenhauer-Starkl Maximilian , Davison Holly , Chandru Aditya , Asby Ryan , Samarista Ralph , Gupta Shikha , Forte Dorian , Curti Antonio , Scheer Elisabeth , Huntly Brian J. P. , Tora Laszlo , Pina Cristina
Published: October 2021

Epigenetic histone modifiers are key regulators of cell fate decisions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Their enzymatic activities are of particular significance as putative therapeutic targets in leukemia. In contrast, less is known about the contextual role in which those enzymatic activities are exercised and specifically how different macromolecular complexes configure the same enzymatic activity with distinct molecular and cellular consequences. We focus on KAT2A, a lysine acetyltransferase responsible for histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation, which we recently identified as a dependence in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells and that participates in 2 distinct macromolecular complexes: Ada two-A-containing (ATAC) and Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase (SAGA). Through analysis of human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, and of myeloid leukemia cells, we identify unique respective contributions of the ATAC complex to regulation of biosynthetic activity in undifferentiated self-renewing cells and of the SAGA complex to stabilization or correct progression of cell type–specific programs with putative preservation of cell identity. Cell type and stage-specific dependencies on ATAC and SAGA-regulated programs explain multilevel KAT2A requirements in leukemia and in erythroid lineage specification and development. Importantly, they set a paradigm against which lineage specification and identity can be explored across developmental stem cell systems.
INCB84344-201: Ponatinib and steroids in frontline therapy for unfit patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Martinelli Giovanni , Papayannidis Cristina , Piciocchi Alfonso , Robustelli Valentina , Soverini Simona , Terragna Carolina , Marconi Giovanni , Lemoli Roberto M. , Guolo Fabio , Fornaro Antonella , Lunghi Monia , de Fabritiis Paolo , Candoni Anna , Selleri Carmine , Simonetti Federico , Bocchia Monica , Vitale Antonella , Frison Luca , Tedeschi Alessandra , Cuneo Antonio , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Martelli Maria Paola , D’Ardia Stefano , Trappolini Silvia , Tosi Patrizia , Galieni Piero , Fabbiano Francesco , Abbenante Maria Chiara , Granier Muriel , Zhu Zhaoyin , Wang Mingyue , Sartor Chiara , Paolini Stefania , Cavo Michele , Foà Robin , Fazi Paola , Vignetti Marco , Baccarani Michele
Published: October 2021

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have improved survival for patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, prognosis for old or unfit patients remains poor. In the INCB84344-201 (formerly GIMEMA LAL 1811) prospective, multicenter, phase 2 trial, we tested the efficacy and safety of ponatinib plus prednisone in newly diagnosed patients with Ph+ ALL ≥60 years, or unfit for intensive chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Forty-four patients received oral ponatinib 45 mg/d for 48 weeks (core phase), with prednisone tapered to 60 mg/m2/d from days-14-29. Prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy was administered monthly. Median age was 66.5 years (range, 26-85). The primary endpoint (complete hematologic response [CHR] at 24 weeks) was reached in 38/44 patients (86.4%); complete molecular response (CMR) in 18/44 patients (40.9%) at 24 weeks. 61.4% of patients completed the core phase. As of 24 April 2020, median event-free survival was 14.31 months (95% CI 9.30-22.31). Median overall survival and duration of CHR were not reached; median duration of CMR was 11.6 months. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were rash (36.4%), asthenia (22.7%), alanine transaminase increase (15.9%), erythema (15.9%), and γ-glutamyltransferase increase (15.9%). Cardiac and vascular TEAEs occurred in 29.5% (grade ≥3, 18.2%) and 27.3% (grade ≥3, 15.9%), respectively. Dose reductions, interruptions, and discontinuations due to TEAEs occurred in 43.2%, 43.2%, and 27.3% of patients, respectively; 5 patients had fatal TEAEs. Ponatinib and prednisone showed efficacy in unfit patients with Ph+ ALL; however, a lower ponatinib dose may be more appropriate in this population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01641107.
Impact of Surface States and Aluminum Mole Fraction on Surface Potential and 2DEG in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Kaushik Pragyey Kumar , Singh Sankalp Kumar , Gupta Ankur , Basu Ananjan , Chang Edward Yi
Published: October 2021

The presence of surface traps is an important phenomenon in AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The electrical and physical properties of these surface traps have been analyzed through the study of 2DEG electron concentration along with the variation of aluminum percentage in the barrier layer of HEMT. This analysis shows that from deep to shallow donors, the percentage change in electron density in 2DEG gets saturated (near 8%) with change in aluminum concentration. The depth of the quantum potential well below the Fermi level is also analyzed and is found to get saturated (near 2%) with aluminum percentage when surface donor states energy changes to deep from shallow. The physics behind this collective effect is also analyzed through band diagram too. The effect of surface donor traps on the surface potential also has been discussed in detail. These surface states are modeled as donor states. Deep donor (EC − ED = 1.4 eV) to shallow donor (EC − ED = 0.2 eV) surface traps are thoroughly studied for the donor concentration of 1011 to 1016 cm−2. This study involves an aluminum concentration variation from 5 to 50%. This paper for the first time presents the comprehensive TCAD study of surface donor and analysis of electron concentration in the channel and 2DEG formation at AlGaN–GaN interface.
Direct evidence for increased disease resistance in polyandrous broods exists only in eusocial Hymenoptera
Authors: Soper D. M. , Ekroth A. K. E. , Martins M. J. F.
Published: October 2021

Background

The ‘genetic diversity’ hypothesis posits that polyandry evolved as a mechanism to increase genetic diversity within broods. One extension of this hypothesis is the ‘genetic diversity for disease resistance’ hypothesis (GDDRH). Originally designed for eusocial Hymenoptera, GDDRH states that polyandry will evolve as an effect of lower parasite prevalence in genetically variable broods. However, this hypothesis has been broadly applied to several other taxa. It is unclear how much empirical evidence supports GDDRH specifically, especially outside eusocial Hymenoptera.

Results

This question was addressed by conducting a literature review and posteriorly conducting meta-analyses on the data available using Hedges’s g. The literature review found 10 direct and 32 indirect studies with both having a strong publication bias towards Hymenoptera. Two meta-analyses were conducted and both found increased polyandry (direct tests; n = 8, g = 0.2283, p =  < 0.0001) and genetic diversity generated by other mechanisms (indirect tests; n = 10, g = 0.21, p =  < 0.0001) reduced parasite load. A subsequent moderator analysis revealed that there were no differences among Orders, indicating there may be applicability outside of Hymenoptera. However, due to publication bias and low sample size we must exercise caution with these results.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that the GDDRH was developed for Hymenoptera, it is frequently applied to other taxa. This study highlights the low amount of direct evidence supporting GDDRH, particularly outside of eusocial Hymenoptera. It calls for future research to address species that have high dispersal rates and contain mixes of solitary and communal nesting.
Molecular signatures of Janthinobacterium lividum from Trinidad support high potential for crude oil metabolism
Authors: Ramdass Amanda C. , Rampersad Sephra N.
Published: October 2021

Background

Janthinobacterium lividum is considered to be a psychrotrophic bacterial species. For the first time in the literature, J. lividum strains were isolated from Trinidad presenting with atypical features - hydrocarbonoclastic and able to survive in a tropical environment.

Methods

Identification of the Trinidad strains was carried out through 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Gene-specific primers were designed to target the VioA which encodes violacein pigment and the EstA/B gene which encodes secreted extracellular lipase. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out on the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of VioA and EstA/B genes of the Trinidad Janthinobacterium strains to assess functionality and phylogenetic relatedness to other Janthinobacterium sequences specifically and more broadly, to other members of the Oxalobacteraceae family of betaproteobacteria.

Results

16S rRNA confirmed the identity of the Trinidad strains as J. lividum and resolved three of the Trinidad strains at the intra-specific level. Typical motility patterns of this species were recorded. VioAp sequences were highly conserved, however, synonymous substitutions located outside of the critical sites for enzyme function were detected for the Trinidad strains. Comparisons with PDB 6g2p model from aa231 to aa406 further indicated no functional disruption of the VioA gene of the Trinidad strains. Phylogeny of the VioA protein sequences inferred placement of all J. lividum taxa into a highly supported species-specific clade (bs = 98%). EstA/Bp sequences were highly conserved, however, synonymous substitutions were detected that were unique to the Trinidad strains. Phylogenetic inference positioned the Trinidad consensus VioA and EstA protein sequences in a clearly distinct branch.

Conclusions

The findings showed that the primary sequence of VioAp and EstA/Bp were unique to the Trinidad strains and these molecular signatures were reflected in phylogenetic inference. Our results supported chemotaxis, possible elective inactivation of VioA gene expression and secreted lipase activity as survival mechanisms of the Trinidad strains in petrogenic conditions.