bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A TL_FLAT Model for Chinese Text Datasets of UAV Power Systems: Optimization and Performance
Authors: Shen Mingming , Li Shaobo , Yang Jing , Zhang Ansi , He Qiuchen , Pu Ruiqiang
Published: February 2023

The manufacturing processes of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) power systems generate large amounts of data and knowledge. The extraction of useful information or patterns from redundant data and knowledge texts has become a challenge in intelligent manufacturing. Unfortunately, graphics processing unit (GPU)‐based parallel computing is limited, and the inference speeds of the available named entity recognition (NER) models for Chinese text datasets are low because they are mainly based on the long short‐term memory (LSTM) algorithm. Herein, first, the flat‐lattice transformer (FLAT) model was optimized by using a stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) optimizer and adjusting the model hyperparameters. Compared with the existing NER methods, the proposed optimization algorithm achieved better performance on the available dataset. Then, an NER method named the TL_FLAT model based on transfer learning and the abovementioned optimization model was introduced. Finally, a Chinese text dataset from a UAV power system created by the authors was used to validate the proposed method. The F1 score was 76.26%, the precision value was 76.98%, and the recall value was 75.56%, indicating that the TL_FLAT model was suitable for Chinese text entity recognition for UAV power systems.
Predictive Abilities of Curiosity, Creativity, and Motivation on Academic Performance of High School Students in Ghana
Authors: Mahama Inuusah , Yusuf Dramanu Bakari , Asamoah-Gyimah Kenneth
Published: February 2023

The study looked at how learners innate possessions (motivation, curiosity, curiosity) affect their performance (science and mathematics). A total of 568 high school students were surveyed through a quantitative-correlational research design. Data for the study were gathered using an adapted curiosity measure, an adapted creativity measure, an adapted motivation measure, and an expert-developed academic performance measure. Multiple multivariate was used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that students’ motivated behaviors, curious abilities, creative potentials jointly explained 15.5% change or variance in science score and 33.1% change or variance in mathematics score. In this sense, it is evident that students’ who become curious, creative, and motivated in their learning situation could improve upon their academic performance and achieve their academic goals. Therefore, school managers of high schools should call for intersubject workshops, as it is evident that science and mathematics are related. Furthermore, the Ghana Education Service should revise the way and manner in which it organizes professional development programs for practitioners in order to make them cross-curricular.
Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction Affects Seminal Vesicle Contractile Efficacy and Smooth Muscle Ultrastructure in a Rat Model
Authors: Ren Jianchao , Xing Zhenya , Ji Yuan , Yang Ke , Gao Yu , Wang Wei , Fan Shuaishuai , Wang Zheng , Wang Jingqi
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO) on contractile efficacy, smooth muscle ultrastructure, and α1A and M3 receptors of rat seminal vesicles (SVs). A total of 48 male rats, aged 14-15 weeks, were randomly divided into three groups, namely, the control, complete EDO, and partial EDO. SV tissues were collected at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively for further experiments. Results revealed a marked reduction in SV contractile efficacy over time following obstruction in the complete EDO group. The contractile force and frequency decreased and increased in the partial EDO group at week 4, respectively, whereas contractile efficacy significantly reduced at week 8. Moreover, obstruction resulted in significant downregulation in expression of α1A and M3 proteins and mRNAs in rats from the complete EDO group over time. Rats in the partial EDO group initially exhibited an increase followed by a decrease. Analysis of the ultrastructure of SV smooth muscles confirmed the above changes. In conclusion, complete EDO can lead to a progressive decrease in contractile efficiency of SVs. On the other hand, partial EDO can first compensate for the contraction of SVs and gradually decompensate afterwards.
Novel Design of a Personal Liquid Cooling Vest for Improving the Thermal Comfort of Pilots Working in Hot Environments
Authors: Xu Jingxian , Chen Guilin , Wang Xinxin , Chen Zhong , Wang Jinjin , Lu Yehu
Published: February 2023

Wearing a liquid cooling garment (LCG) that offers near-zone cooling improves the thermal comfort of pilots working in hot environments. Four LCG samples with different arrangements of tubes for distributing liquid were developed. Based on the analysis of the overall and local cooling efficiency of the four LCG samples using manikin tests, another novel LCG with a horizontal-vertical combined tube was proposed to achieve optimal cooling performance. Human trials were conducted to check the novel LCG for improving the thermal comfort of pilots in a hot indoor environment (40°C, 40% RH). The mean skin temperature of the subjects wearing the novel LCG was reduced by 1.9°C in the 120-minute-duration flying simulation work compared to the no-cooling scenario, and the greatest decrease in skin temperature (i.e., 5.7°C) was exhibited at the back waist. The thermal sensation at the upper body was improved to nearly neutral, and the heat stress level was reduced from moderate to slightly. The findings provide a guideline for designing personal LCG, thus benefiting the comfort and safety of pilots in hot cockpits.
[Retracted] Perioperative Effect of Single‐Port Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy and Three‐Port Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy in the Treatment of Early Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Cong , Jiang Dexiong , Luo Cuilian , Yuan Dongdong , Shang Guansheng
Published: February 2023

Background. Clinically, there were few reports on single‐hole thoracoscopic segmental resection in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and no report on the comparison of single‐hole and three‐hole thoracoscopic segmental resection. Hence, the purpose of the study was to explore the perioperative role of single‐port thoracoscopic segmentectomy and three‐port thoracoscopic segmentectomy for early‐stage NSCLC. Methods. The clinical data of 80 patients with early‐stage NSCLC who were treated in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the retrospective research subjects and divided into a comparison/research group with 40 cases in each group according to different surgical methods. Among them, the comparison group was received three‐port thoracoscopic segmentectomy, and the research group was received single‐port thoracoscopic segmentectomy. The surgical indicators, immune and tumor marker levels, as well as prognostic complications between two groups were compared. Results. There was no remarkable diversity between the two groups in terms of operation time and the number of lymph nodes dissected during the operation (P > 0.05). The surgical blood loss in research group was lower than comparison group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CYFRA21‐1, CA125, as well as VGEF in the research group were markedly lower than comparison group (P < 0.05). The differences in CD4+, CD3+, and CD4+/CD8+ after treatment were prominent, and the research group was higher than comparison group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Single‐hole thoracoscopic lobectomy has obvious advantages in the treatment of NSCLC, which can reduce intraoperative bleeding, enhance the recovery of patients’ immune function, and promote postoperative recovery.
Content-Based Approach in Developing Listening Comprehension in English Language: Basis for Proposed Listening Activities
Authors: Salape Rodora L. , Maming Jimmy Bernabe , Maravilla Wes Harven G.
Published: February 2023

This study was based on the teacher's observations of the students' comprehension of questions, passages, and literary works during the listening session. One of the numerous reasons why listening comprehension is underestimated among the four macro skills is the lack of exposure to real-world content. Numerous listening resources also conflict with the students' real-world circumstances and past knowledge, making it difficult for them to stay involved in the course. This is the justification for the study's execution. In that situation, the researcher searched for strategies and listening practice materials to aid the students in developing their English listening comprehension abilities by turning to the content-based method for support and developed listening exercise materials that would aid in the English language learning of grade 8 children. Pre-experimental design with a single group pretest-posttest was the methodology employed in this study. Based on the pretest they took prior to the treatment, 100 eighth-grade students' listening comprehension abilities were evaluated. After that, a post-test was administered to gauge how well the treatment and content-based approach had worked. The researcher also used the following statistical software or formulas: Probability and percentage distribution, standard deviation, t-test, and weighted mean: Assuming Equal Variances for Two Samples.
Trend Analysis of Admission, Enrollment and Completion in SNSU Gradu-ate Programs
Authors: Patulin Elvis P.
Published: February 2023

For teachers, obtaining a bachelor's degree represents an important turning point in their academic careers and is unquestionably a positive step forward. Even while earning a bachelor's degree is an impressive accomplishment, it frequently is not enough to make the most impact on student's lives. Thus, upgrading themselves through enrollment in graduate programs equips them with an advanced technical understanding of their subject matter. The study focused on the trend analysis of admission, enrollment, and completion in the graduate programs of Surigao del Norte State University from SY 2010-2011 to SY 2021-2022. Data were taken from the Registrar's Office. At the same time, the factors contributing to the late and low completion rate in the programs were obtained purposively from sixty (60) respondents; most of them were graduate students who were identified to stop schooling in the semester where they were supposed to write their thesis and dissertation due to lack of funds needed to spend during the writing period of their research. The study revealed a growing trend in the admission, enrollment, and completion rates from SY 2010-2011 to SY 2021-2022. The growing trend is because adequate knowledge and skills can be obtained from enrolling in the graduate program, which could be primarily used in maximizing the teaching-learning process in the classroom by having the students as the recipient of learning. However, there is a low rate in terms of completion, which encouraged the author to recommend to the management to review the existing policies on writing research and improve its learning environment.
Development, Validation and Effectiveness of Instructor- made Learning Course Material (LCM)
Authors: Camuyong Christian Sam F.
Published: February 2023

The study sought to develop and validate a learning course material and to determine its effectiveness of the instructor- made learning course material. Developmental educational research approach was utilized in attaining the research objectives. Specifically, focus group discussion protocol, adapted standardized validation instrument and instructors- made learning task was used in the development, validation and test of effectiveness of the instructor made learning course material. The study revealed that the developed learning course material is accurate, coherent, appropriate and useful, hence, considered valid based on the evaluation of subject matter experts. In addition, the learning course material is effective based on the results of the pre and posttest of the student takers.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Nursing Students' Level of Confidence in Their Knowledge of Basic Science Concepts
Authors: RECEDE REYNALD ALFRED , Ferrer Kristel Joy , Lanot Bernadette , Gica Icy Jane , Andrade Rhezia Antoinette , Isoli Khim Nathaniel , Vitalicio Kristine Heart , Quejado Ma. Rosario , Jadaone Aldrin , Carnecer Rosario
Published: February 2023

The study aims to determine the first-year nursing students’ level of confidence with their knowledge in basic science concepts.  A total of fifty nursing students enrolled in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina for the academic year 2021-2022 were involved in the research. Among the participant

The study aims to determine the first-year nursing students’ level of confidence with their knowledge in basic science concepts.  A total of fifty nursing students enrolled in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina for the academic year 2021-2022 were involved in the research. Among the participants, 52% (n=26) took a STEM program in Senior High School. Results revealed that the respondents are confident with their knowledge in basic science and agreed with the information associated with self-confidence. The students' confidence was influenced by the strand they took in senior high school, followed by the method of teaching used in the subject, and the experience in laboratory. Meanwhile, their monthly family income is the least important factor influencing their confidence. Therefore, nursing students, regardless of the strand they took in senior high, need more engagement in basic science concepts because it significantly contributes to their level of confidence and knowledge in nursing field.

s, 52% (n=26) took a STEM program in Senior High School. Results revealed that the respondents are confident with their knowledge in basic science and agreed with the information associated with self-confidence. The students' confidence was influenced by the strand they took in senior high school, followed by the method of teaching used in the subject, and the experience in laboratory. Meanwhile, their monthly family income is the least important factor influencing their confidence. Therefore, nursing students, regardless of the strand they took in senior high, need more engagement in basic science concepts because it significantly contributes to their level of confidence and knowledge in nursing field.
Implementation of the Infrastructure Development Program in the City of Maasin, Southern Leyte: a Case Study
Authors: Samaco Jr. Magdaleno T. , Villares Ofelia A. , Medilo, Jr. Constantino G.
Published: February 2023

SDG No. 9 envisions building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and fostering innovation. It is congruent with AmBisyon Natin 2040 and Philippine Development Plan which provides a roadmap towards unlocking sustained and inclusive growth for the Philippine economy by accelerating strategic infrastructure development. Hence, this case study was conducted to explore the experiences of the key informants on the Implementation of the Infrastructure Development Program in Maasin City, Southern Leyte as the basis for policy recommendation and theory generation. Utilizing a descriptive-qualitative research design, the data were gathered through an interview with the fourteen key informants and were analyzed following Creswell's six steps in data analysis. The study found that the LGU was able to implement a comprehensive infrastructure development program that fostered economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Generally, the projects were properly implemented by the local officials through the observance of transparency, accountability, and citizen participation. Furthermore, the LGU officials were found to be compliant concerning their financial, managerial, compliance, and result from accountabilities. Although, there were some slight constraints encountered such as non-involvement of private sectors, bureaucratic processes, unprecedented pandemic, and destructive weather conditions, lack of technical skills and qualified manpower, few competent bidders, conflict of interest, political biases, and insufficient resources. Henceforth, the study concludes that the infrastructure development program of Maasin City, Southern Leyte was well implemented and has complied with the basic requirements of RA 9184. A policy recommendation and theory generation were forwarded as the major outputs of the study.
It’s All Because of the Classics: Yesterday’s Today’s Inspiration Cinderella Wore A Modern Dress
Authors: Ignacio Lourdes D.
Published: February 2023

The Classics remain to be an inspiration for modern works of art. One typical example is the Classic fairy tale Cinderella which has been retold and reimagined in various ways but has maintained its Classic flavor that blends well with its modern recipes. In our highly digitized world, the Classics are depicted in a modern format called the visual novel. This study tackled Victor Shklovsky’s defamiliarization to show the familiar and unfamiliar in a modern recommunicated version of Cinderella known as Cinders, a visual novel digital platform demonstrating how this contemporary work of art is inspired by the Classics.  Likewise, this paper is hinged on Stephen Jay Greenblatt’s New Historicism framework to investigate the historical developments of a Classic tale like Cinderella evolving into its eponym Cinders who wears the modern dress of a visual novel in conformity with the Millennial fashion of digitized fairy tale writing’s format, platform, and presentation. The use of Karl Marx’s and Friedrich Engel’s Cultural Materialism in this study proves how perspectives about material wealth are being differently viewed by key characters as they vigorously pursue their personal goals. Melding with these literary frameworks is the researcher’s improvisation of three (3) guiding stars as the compass that helped uncover Cinders’s Classic spark, Classic vestiges, and Millennial or Contemporary Differences from its Classic inspirer Cinderella. Finally, this undertaking discussed the contrasts between book reading of a Classic work including the digital reading and playing of a Classic reincarnated version to cap this researcher’s scholarly journey.
Os refugiados e os jogos olímpicos: a representação midiática da iniciativa de inclusão do COI nos Jogos de Tóquio 2020
Authors: Paraguassu Fernanda , ElHajji Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Desde os Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016, uma equipe de atletas refugiados lembra o mundo do desafio humanitário contemporâneo e compete sem carregar a bandeira do próprio país. A proposta do artigo é refletir sobre a iniciativa do Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI) de contribuir com a inclusão e facilitar o processo de integração dos refugiados nas comunidades acolhedoras, a partir da representação midiática da participação da equipe olímpica de refugiados nos Jogos Olímpicos Tóquio 2020. Os cadernos especiais dos jornais O Globo e Folha de S.Paulo publicados durante o megaevento esportivo realizado em 2021 serão analisados qualitativamente para identificar de que forma o “Outro” é representado ou até mesmo “esquecido”. Afinal, por que incluir refugiados nos Jogos Olímpicos? Qual é o sentido dessa inclusão? Em que medida narrativas de direitos humanos incluem para excluir, mantêm preconceitos e reproduzem estereótipos?
Egypt and Egyptology in the pan-African discourse of Amy Jacques Garvey and Marcus Garvey
Authors: Davies Vanessa
Published: February 2023

Amy Jacques Garvey and Marcus Garvey argued for the Africanity of ancient Nile Valley cultures, in direct opposition to some academics. In early 20th-century United States, incorrect narratives alleged that Africa had no history. The Garveys, and other Black intellectuals, looked to the Nile Valley to show the absurdity of that claim. The pan-Africanism of Garveyism instilled pride in African descended communities and united them against colonial structures. Pan-Africanism factored strongly in President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s conception of the modern nation-state of Egypt. Egyptian scholars from a variety of fields, including Nile Valley studies, continue to understand ancient Egypt as part of a network of African cultures.

Keywords: Amy Jacques Garvey, Marcus Garvey, Gamal Abdel Nasser, pan-Africanism, Egyptology, Egypt
Egipto, Africa Nororiental y Oriente Medio durante la Edad del Bronce Temprano: Geopolítica e Intercambios
Authors: Moreno García Juan Carlos
Published: February 2023

Egipto formaba parte de una tupida red de intercambios que conectaba Africa nororiental con Eurasia y el norte del Océano Índico durante la Edad del Bronce Temprano. Tradicionalmente se había supuesto que la monarquía egipcia había sido el motor fundamental de tales contactos mediante la organización de expediciones enviadas hacia los territorios vecinos, en busca de productos exóticos y preciosos. Sin embargo, las investigaciones más recientes revelan la importancia del tráfico de bienes modestos y la participación de actores privados, no institucionales. De ahí que tales intercambios no sólo no disminuyan tras la crisis de la monarquía a partir de 2160 antes de Cristo sino que incluso florezcan y fomenten tanto el aumento del tamaño de las ciudades como la intervención de poderes extranjeros en calidad de intermediarios y socios comerciales.
White Matter Hyperintensities of the Corpus Callosum Are Associated With Clinical Severity in CADASIL
Authors: Ouin Elisa , Dimitrovic Ana , Grosset Lina , Lebenberg Jessica , Guillonnet Antoine , Guichard Jean-Pierre , Hervé Dominique , Chabriat Hugues , Jouvent Eric
Published: February 2023

Background:

In CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy), clinical severity is not related to the total burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), presumably because of heterogeneous underlying tissue alterations. We aimed to investigate whether WMHs in the corpus callosum (WMH
CC
) are due to secondary degeneration and related to clinical severity.

Methods:

We evaluated data from 228 CADASIL patients included in an ongoing prospective cohort with available 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging sequences. We analyzed in a blind manner WMH
CC
and lacunes in presumably connected areas to determine whether WMH
CC
are related to secondary degeneration. We evaluated the links between WMH
CC
and the Mattis dementia rating scale and the modified Rankin Scale—widely used measures of global cognitive performances and disability, respectively. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, level of education, brain volume, number of lacunes, and volume of WMH.

Results:

Among 228 patients, only 105 (46%) had WMH
CC
while all had WMH in the rest of the white matter. In 74% of cases, WMH
CC
crossed a presumably connected nearby lacune, which was significantly higher than the expected value if the spatial distributions of WMH
CC
and nearby lacunes were unrelated (11%;
P
<0.001). Patients with WMH
CC
had worse Mattis dementia rating scale (median [P25–P75], 138 [122–142] versus 143 [140–143];
P
<0.001) and worse modified Rankin Scale (2 [1–3] versus 1 [0–1];
P
<0.001). In adjusted models, Mattis dementia rating scale was significantly associated with WMH
CC
(estimate, −6.2 [95% CI, −11.8 to −0.1]).

Conclusions:

In CADASIL, WMH
CC
are likely related to secondary degeneration and are independently related to clinical severity, in contrast to the total burden of WMH.
Distinct Impacts of Two Types of Summer ENSO with Different Temporal Evolutions on the Asian Summer Monsoon: Role of the Tropical Indo-Western Pacific
Authors: Yang Xianke , Huang Ping , Hu Peng , Wang Zhibiao
Published: February 2023

ENSO shows great diversity in temporal evolution, exerting different climatic impacts on the global scale. Previous studies suggest that summer ENSOs can be classified into two types with different evolutions: “continuing ENSOs” persist from the previous winter and “emerging ENSOs” newly develop from late spring. In this study, we define two indices for continuing and emerging ENSOs via the linear combination of the two leading modes of the evolutionary anomalies of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) from the prior September to August, which reflects the distinct characteristics of the two types of ENSO well. The two types of ENSO dominate the two leading modes of the SST variability in the tropical Indo–western Pacific (TIWP) and the related Asian summer monsoon anomalies. During continuing ENSOs, the related TIWP SST anomalies show positive anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean and northwest Pacific and negative ones in the New Guinea region. The warm Kelvin wave forced by the tropical Indian Ocean warming propagates into the tropical western Pacific, exciting the meridional East Asia–Pacific/Pacific–Japan pattern and causing a dipole precipitation pattern in East Asia. During emerging ENSOs, the related TIWP SST anomalies show negative anomalies in the warm pool and positive ones in the western Indian Ocean. The negative SST anomalies in the warm pool induce a westward equatorial Rossby wave conducive to the suppression of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, whereas the Matsuno–Gill response to the warm pool cooling leads to negative anomalies in East Asian summer rainfall. This mechanism can be simulated well in the CMIP6 and Pacific Ocean–Global Atmosphere experiments.

Significance Statement

ENSO displays diversity in its amplitude, spatial pattern, temporal evolution, and impact. Although previous studies have systematically investigated the diversity of ENSO spatial locations, there are few studies on the diversity of ENSO evolution and the impacts on the Asian summer monsoon. Here, we define two indices for so-called continuing and emerging ENSOs via the linear combination of the two leading modes of the evolutionary anomalies of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) from the prior September to August. Then, we reveal that the two leading modes of the tropical Indo–western Pacific SST variability are dominated by the two types of ENSO, respectively, and act as a bridge via which the two types of ENSO can exert different impacts on the Asian summer monsoon.
Management of Penetrating Cardiac Injuries With Pericardial Window and Drainage in Select Patients
Authors: Czarkowski Brian R. , Byerly Saskya E. , Lenart Emily K. , Kerwin Andrew J. , Filiberto Dina M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Management of penetrating chest injuries with a positive pericardial window (PW) are presumed cardiac injuries and traditionally result in sternotomy. However, there is some evidence in the literature that select patients can be managed with PW, lavage, and drainage (PWLD).

Methods

All patients with penetrating chest trauma who underwent PW and/or sternotomy over a 5-year period were identified. Patients were stratified by operative intervention [PW + sternotomy vs PWLD] and compared. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of therapeutic sternotomy.

Results

Of the 146 patients who underwent PW and/or sternotomy included in the study, 126 patients underwent PW, 39 underwent sternotomy, and 10 underwent PWLD. There was no difference in demographics, LOS, ICU LOS, vent days, or mortality in patients who underwent PW + sternotomy, compared to patients who underwent PWLD. In the PWLD group, one patient returned to the OR for recurrent pericardial effusion and no patients required sternotomy. Multivariable logistic regression identified ISS as an independent predictor of therapeutic sternotomy (OR 1.160; 95% CI 1.006-1.338, P = .0616). Interestingly, positive FAST, significant CT findings, and trajectory were not predictors of therapeutic sternotomy. There were 7 patients with a left hemothorax and negative FAST found to have a positive PW and cardiac injury mandating sternotomy and repair.

Conclusion

Penetrating cardiac injury can be managed with PWLD in select patients. Positive FAST, significant findings on CT, and trajectory do not mandate sternotomy. A negative FAST in the setting of a hemothorax does not rule out a cardiac injury.
Situational Moral Evaluations: The Role of Rationalizations & Moral Identity
Authors: Herman Shaina , Pogarsky Greg
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Criminological research increasingly aims to better understand criminal behavior in context. Recent advancements demonstrate how perceptions of legal sanction risk are anchored in reality and influence offending decisions. Yet research on extralegal considerations involving morality has not kept pace. Such research has downplayed situational moral dynamics in offending decisions. This study presents and tests a conceptual framework on personal and situational morality that features situational rather than decontextualized moral evaluations of crime opportunities. Enduring personal morality is captured with the concept of moral identity. Findings are presented on the interrelationship between situational inputs, moral evaluations, and moral identity.

Methods

Data are collected with a survey containing randomized experiments to a nationwide sample of respondents ( n = 502).

Findings

Situational moral evaluations of specific crime opportunities vary positively with the presence of circumstances conducive to rationalizing the misconduct. There is also some indication that rationalization processes are more pronounced for individuals with stronger moral identities.

Conclusions

Criminological research should more closely target situational moral dynamics to better understand crime decision-making.
Threatening mobility: Cycling during World War II from a Ukrainian perspective
Authors: Martynyuk Olha
Published: February 2023

Although bicycles hardly figure in studies of World War II, their use was often a life-and-death matter. This article explores cycling in Ukraine as part of survival strategies and as an object of mobility policies under the Soviet and Nazi regimes. By analysing newspapers, interviews, diaries and rare archival documents, the article concludes that using a bicycle marked a privilege and at the same time put the rider under suspicion of collaboration with an enemy. During the Nazi occupation, the authorities used bicycles to maintain power over subjugated populations. Later, as the Soviet Army proceeded westwards, many civilians and military persons acquired bicycles, first as war trophies and then from the development of the Soviet bicycle industry in response to wartime experiences. The article proposes understanding World War II as a radical exercise in forcing and limiting mobility. In this context, survival implied an ability to transgress established borders.
Fabric defect detection based on low-rank decomposition with factor group-sparse regularizer
Authors: Cao Qinbao , Han Yanfeng , Xiao Ke
Published: February 2023

Recently, many low-rank-based methods in terms of detecting defects in fabric images have been proposed. However, there are two disadvantages of these methods. First, current low-rank based methods use the nuclear norm as the surrogate of rank, which causes inefficient optimization process and sub-optimal performance. Second, low-rank defective regions cannot be detected by low-rank based models. Thus, we propose a factor group-sparse regularized low-rank decomposition model (FGSRLRD) to solve these problems. This method takes the factor group-sparse regularizer as the surrogate of rank, which is more efficient as singular value decomposition (SVD) is not applied in the optimization process. Better performance is achieved as the factor group-sparse regularizer is a more accurate approximation of the rank. In addition, the weight matrix generated by the lightweight autoencoder is incorporated into the object function of FGSRLRD to guide locating defective regions. Besides, as low-rank defective regions cannot be segmented by low-rank models, this method constructs a fusion image of the prior image and the sparse image to highlight the defective regions. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on two standard datasets, and the results indicate that the suggested method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods in locating the defective regions on fabric images.
Supplication as violence: The provision of institutionalized care and the essence of giving
Authors: Ranasinghe Prashan
Published: February 2023

This article casts its attention on acts of supplication in institutional settings. The article focuses upon institutions geared towards the provision of care, that is, sites that are designed to provide services to those in need. The article claims that every act of supplication is an act of violence deployed upon the supplicant by his/her interlocutor and the institution more broadly. This is not violence of an overt type; it is tacit and subtle and takes root at the very essence of the supplicant, that is, his/her being. The article draws on Jacques Derrida’s provocative reading of the impossibility of the gift, an analysis that is indebted to Marcel Mauss’ exposition of the gift as obligatory and, thus, an existential nullity. Drawing upon both theorists, the article theorizes the violence of the gift and proceeds to read the violence in/of care/caring. The article explicates the grounding of this violence and how it is written into each request for care.
History, critique, experience: On the dialectical relationship between art and philosophy in Adorno’s aesthetic theory
Authors: Kaushall Justin Neville
Published: February 2023

In Aesthetic Theory, Adorno argues that, in modernity, art and philosophy are reciprocally dependent upon each other for legitimation and critical force. This claim has puzzled scholars and provoked controversy. I argue that Adorno’s thesis may be comprehended in the following manner: art requires philosophy because, without the latter, art would lack the power to critique social and historical reality (in particular, the ideological elements that often remain invisible as second nature), and to rationally interpret the material particularity expressed by such reality; and, conversely, philosophy requires art because the latter expresses historical experience to reason. Such material historical experience is necessary in order to prevent philosophy from falling into ideological convention; idle speculation; or abstract and reified instrumentality. Thus, the constellation of history, art, and philosophy is essential to Adorno’s aesthetics.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene expression positivity determined by silver in situ hybridization/immunohistochemistry methods and associated factors in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: a prospective study
Authors: Subasinghe Duminda , Acott Nathan , Mahesh Pasyodun Koralage Buddhika , Sivaganesh Sivasuriya , Munasinghe Sithum , Kumarasinghe Mariyan Priyanthi , Samarasekera Dharmabandu Nandaveva , Lokuhetty Menaka Dilani Samarawickrema
Published: February 2023

Objective

Positive human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression and its predictive clinicopathological features remain unclear in Sri Lankan gastric cancer (GC) patients. Here, we aimed to determine GC HER2 status predictors by analyzing associations between clinicopathological features and HER2 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and silver in situ hybridization (SISH).

Methods

During this 4-year prospective study, clinicopathological data were collected from participants in the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. HER2 IHC and SISH were performed using commercial reagents. Using chi-square tests, associations of HER2-IHC/SISH with clinicopathological features were analyzed.

Results

Overall, 145 GC patients were included, 69 had gastrectomies and 76 had biopsies. Positive HER2 expression by IHC was associated with age <60 years, high T stage (assessed pathologically in resections and radiologically in biopsies), high nuclear grade, tumor necrosis, mitosis >5/high-power field, with additional perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion in resections. These features, excluding lymphovascular invasion but including male sex, were associated with HER2 expression by SISH.

Conclusions

Age <60 years, high nuclear grade, tumor necrosis, and perineural invasion are associated factors of HER2 status. These could be used to triage GC patients for HER2 status testing in limited resource settings where IHC/SISH analysis is costly.
Economic Analysis of the Tailored Activity Program: A Nonpharmacological Approach to Improve Quality of Life in People Living With Dementia and their Caregivers
Authors: Pizzi Laura T. , Prioli Katherine M. , Jutkowitz Eric , Piersol Catherine V. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Abersone Ilze , Marx Katherine A. , Gitlin Laura N.
Published: February 2023

We investigated costs of delivering the Tailored Activity Program (TAP) and cost savings from two perspectives (health sector and societal) for people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers (dyads) compared to attention control (AC) using data from a randomized controlled trial. The evaluation assessed intervention delivery costs and caregiver reported health care utilization. The total intervention cost of TAP was $1707/dyad versus $864/dyad for AC, and total costs over 6 months for TAP dyads as compared to AC were $1299 (CI: -$10,496, $7898) less from the healthcare perspective, and $761 (CI: -$10,133, $8611) less from the societal perspective. TAP cost savings are driven by lower use of healthcare services among participating dyads, but further analyses with larger samples is warranted to confirm its financial impact.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the WJ IV Cognitive: What Does the Standard Battery Measure at School Age?
Authors: McGill Ryan J.
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the tenability of the proposed scoring/interpretive structure for the Woodcock-Johnson IV Test of Cognitive Abilities (WJ IV COG) Standard Battery configuration of subtests using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) at school age. Results indicated that a three-factor hierarchical model, consistent with the CHC theory (Crystallized Ability, Fluid Reasoning, Short-Term Memory/Working Memory), provided the best fit to the WJ IV COG normative data. Whereas the preferred CHC interpretive structure was largely replicated, indices of interpretive relevance indicated that, among the Stratum II/III attributes that were located, only the omnibus general intelligence dimension should be interpreted with confidence. Nevertheless, several subtests contained adequate specificity to be interpreted in isolation apart from broad abilities. Implications for clinical interpretation are discussed.
A Balkan Neofunctional Success Story or the Curious Case of Bosnia’s Central Bank
Authors: Power Eoin Lazaridis , Branch John
Published: February 2023

Bosnians show little faith in their state-level institutions, and with good reason, as the country ranks poorly on measures of corruption, regulatory quality, and government efficacy. However, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CBBH) is a notable exception. In a country where the state is still often paralyzed by ethnically aligned obstructionism, the Central Bank is widely lauded as an effective state-level institution, and it backstops, and oversees, a stable, trusted, pan-Bosnian banking system. To explain the Bank’s success, we draw on rational choice and institutionalist literature to propose and test a theory of the “CBBH as referee” in its three main functional areas: currency board maintenance, payment system operation, and the coordination of banking supervision. We find evidence for this mechanism in the context of currency board operations, and we also document a Haas-ian neofunctional process, in which the Bank has interacted cyclically with foreign banks to unintentionally de-ethnicize the Bosnian financial sector. Initial Bank reforms facilitated foreign banks’ market entry, and their subsequent lack of interest in hewing to prior ethnic divisions served to cement a unified Bosnian financial space. We substantiate this argument with data drawn from interactive interviews with Bosnian policymakers, financial sector experts, and banking sector participants, and in so doing, also show how the commercial behavior of transnational actors can have unexpected policy impacts.
Research of cooling performance in combined jet flow channels using different nanofluids
Authors: Alnak Doğan Engin
Published: February 2023

In this work, heat transfer from the cube and circular hollow-shaped copper plate surfaces with a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m2 was numerically investigated by using a combination of the cross-flow-impinging jet. Numerical research was performed by solving the energy and Navier-Stokes equations as three-dimensional and steady, using the Ansys-Fluent computer program with the k-ε turbulence model. In order to direct the combined jet flow in the channel to the heated surfaces, the fins with 30o and 60o angles were placed in the channel horizontally with the impinging jet surface. While the channel height ( H) is 4D, the distance of the fin from the jet inlet ( N) is 2D. Fluids used in the channels are water, 0.02% GO-water and 2% diamond-water. The upper and lower surfaces of the channel and the fin are adiabatic and the flow Reynolds number range is 5000–15,000. The results of the work were compared with the experimental results of the studies in the literature and they were found to be consistent with each other. The results were presented as the mean Nu number and mean surface temperature variations for each model surface. Besides, the velocity and temperature contour distributions of the combined jet flow along the channel for diamond-water nanofluid were evaluated. Also, performance evaluation coefficient and average Nu number (Num), and surface temperature values (Tm) were evaluated at different Reynolds numbers for all three patterned surfaces in the channels. At Re = 15,000, there are 18.42% and 17.08% increments in Num value for cube and circular hollow model surfaces in the channel with 60o fin and GO-water nanofluid compared to the channel with water flow and without fin.
The new World Mental Health Report: Believing impossible things
Authors: Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Looi Jeffrey CL , Kisely Stephen R , Lakra Vinay
Published: February 2023

Objective

We examine whether the recent World Health Organization (WHO) report on global mental health uses severity of illness as a criterion in priority setting for resource allocation.

Conclusions

The WHO does not prioritise severity in the recent landmark World Mental Health Report. It recommends instead the insuperable task of scaling-up interventions for broadly defined mental health conditions, including milder distress, amongst over a billion people, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. Schizophrenia, the most severe and disabling of all psychiatric illnesses, is relatively neglected in the WHO report, and the disability associated with bipolar disorder is underestimated. This is inconsistent with the ethical principle of vertical equity, where the most severe illnesses should receive the greatest priority. The global mental health movement must refocus on deinstitutionalisation, and ensure adequate community and general hospital treatment for severe illnesses, especially the 24 million people with schizophrenia.
Adapting the Marriage Checkup for Gender, Romantic, and Sexual Minority Relationships: Responses From 18 LGBTQ Partners Completing a Pilot Program
Authors: Minten Mary J.
Published: February 2023

Eighteen lesbian, gay, and transgender partners (gender, romantic, and sexual minority, acronym GRSM, for this article) responded to two questions about their experience with the Marriage Checkup (MC): (1) the helpfulness of the checkup and (2) what they would like added to the checkup. Participants included six lesbians, six gay males, and six individuals in relationships where at least one partner identified as gender diverse. On the helpfulness of the checkup, the Likert scale offered three choices: helpful, a mix of helpful and not helpful, and not helpful. Of 18 participants, 17 chose “helpful.” One participant chose “a mix of helpful and not helpful.” Regarding what to add to the MC topics, top responses were “defining and managing roles,” “coping with discrimination and prejudice,” and “handling relationship disclosures.” In responses to open-ended questions, participants explored both topics in more depth. Two topics emerged to add to the MC: aging and adding additional time.
Survival Outcomes of Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IV Ovarian Cancer: Cytoreduction Still Matters
Authors: Xiao Yao , Linghu Hua
Published: February 2023

Purpose

There is still no consensus on the therapeutic strategies for patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV ovarian cancer (OC). We aim to outline the clinical characteristics and optimal therapeutic strategies of patients with FIGO stage IV OC.

Methods

This single center retrospective study analyzed the clinical features and survival of patients with FIGO stage IV OC that underwent cytoreduction or received at least one course of chemotherapy between January 2014 and December 2020.

Results

One hundred and twenty patients were included. Surgery, especially optimal cytoreduction without residual mass improved the overall survival of patients in surgery group ( P = .047, HR .432, 95% CI .181-.987). Secondly, the completion of chemotherapy improved median overall survival of patients either with (53.0 months vs 25.0 months, P < .001, HR 7.015, 95% CI 1.372-35.881) or without cytoreduction (43.0 months vs 6.0 months, P = .006, HR 5.969, 95% CI 1.115-31.952). In patients with FIGO stage IVB, those with only extra-abdominal lymph node metastases had better survival.

Conclusions

In patients with FIGO stage IV, complete resection of intra-abdominal tumor foci and completion of chemotherapy provided considerable survival benefits to patients with FIGO stage IV OC. Among patients with FIGO stage IVB, those with only extra-abdominal lymph node metastases had a better prognosis.