bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dramatic response of aneurysmal bone cyst to denosumab: Case report and literature review
Authors: Fadavi Pedram , Arefpour Amir Mohammad , Hariri Ramyar , Vasheghani Maryam , Garousi Maryam , Taghizadeh‐Hesary Farzad
Published: October 2021

Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL), is a potentially viable option in resistant aneurysmal bone cysts.
Immediate postoperative non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation following midface microvascular free flap reconstruction
Authors: Larson Andrew R. , Chen Jenny X. , Holman Allison , Sullivan Stacey , Williams Purris , Nicholson Katharine , Lin Derrick T. , Kiyota Yuka , Richmon Jeremy D.
Published: October 2021

Background

There is a rare need for postoperative non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) following microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck. In midface reconstruction, the free flap vascular pedicle is especially vulnerable to the compressive forces of positive pressure delivery.

Case

A 60 year old female with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior maxilla, for which she underwent infrastructure maxillectomy and fibula free flap reconstruction. To avoid tracheotomy, the patient was extubated postoperatively and transitioned to NIPPV immediately utilizing a full‐face positive pressure mask with a soft and flexible sealing layer. The patient was successfully transitioned to NIPPV immediately after extubation. The free flap exhibited no signs of vascular compromise postoperatively, and healed very well.

Conclusion

Postoperative non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation can be successfully applied following complex microvascular midface reconstruction to avoid tracheotomy in select patients without vascular compromise of the free flap.
The assessment of adverse childhood experiences in clinical settings: Practitioner competencies and perceptions
Authors: McFarlane Lindsay R. , Hawes David J.
Published: October 2021

Issues concerning the screening and assessment of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in healthcare settings have been subject to growing scrutiny in recent years, yet relatively little is known about practitioner perceptions and competencies related to such practices. This study examined practitioner knowledge, ability and concerns about the assessment of ACEs among parents and children in clinical settings and the acceptability of a newly validated measure (The Adverse Life Experiences Scale, ALES) for this purpose. Participants were (N = 144) healthcare practitioners (predominantly psychologists, nurses, social workers and psychiatrists). Measures were completed online, and the effects of family characteristics on practitioner perceptions were tested experimentally using case vignettes. Participants indicated moderate‐to‐high levels of knowledge and ability regarding the assessment of ACEs, and the ALES demonstrated high levels of acceptability across hypothetical cases involving various levels of risk. Practitioner concerns about such assessment were also found to be influenced by the level of risk indicated by case referral information. Specifically, concerns that assessment would be too upsetting or time‐consuming were greater in response to a case with a high level of ACEs, compared to one with low‐to‐moderate ACEs (p < .05; large effect size). Practitioners demonstrated relatively high competencies regarding the assessment of ACEs and supported the use of the ALES for this purpose. Those families with the highest levels of ACEs may nonetheless be the least likely to receive such assessment in clinical settings.
Intratumoral T‐cell receptor repertoire is predictive of interim PET scan results in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with rituximab/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/prednisolone/vincristine (R‐CHOP) chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Shanavas Mohamed , Law Soi‐Cheng , Hertzberg Mark , Hicks Rodney J , Seymour John F , Li Zhixiu , Merida de Long Lilia , Nath Karthik , Sabdia Muhammed B , Gunawardana Jay , Gandhi Maher K , Keane Colm
Published: October 2021

Objectives

A diverse intratumoral T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is associated with improved survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/prednisolone/vincristine (R‐CHOP) chemoimmunotherapy. We explored the impact of intratumoral TCR repertoire on interim PET (iPET) done after four cycles of R‐CHOP, the relationships between intratumoral and circulating repertoire, and the phenotypes of expanded clonotypes.

Methods

We sequenced the third complementarity‐determining region of TCRβ in tumor samples, blood at pre‐therapy and after four cycles of R‐CHOP in 35 patients enrolled in ALLGNHL21 trial in high‐risk DLBCL. We correlated the TCR diversity metrics with iPET status, gene expression profiles and HLA‐class I genotypes. We then sequenced the FACS‐sorted peripheral blood T cells in six patients, and pentamer‐sorted EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells in one patient from this cohort.

Results

Compared with iPET− patients, the intratumoral TCR repertoire in iPET+ patients was characterised by higher cumulative frequency of abundant clonotypes and higher productive clonality. There was a variable overlap between circulating and intratumoral repertoires, with the dominant intratumoral clonotypes more likely to be detected in the blood. The majority of shared clonotypes were CD8+ PD‐1HI T cells, and CD8+ T cells had the largest clonal expansions in tumor and blood. In a patient with EBV+ DLBCL, EBV‐specific intratumoral clonotypes were trackable in the blood.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that clonally expanded intratumoral TCR repertoires are associated with iPET+ and that the blood can be used to track tumor‐associated antigen‐specific clonotypes. These findings assist the rationale design and therapeutic monitoring of immunotherapeutic strategies in DLBCL.
Development of planning method using mathematical programming for optimization of generation deployment and grid reinforcement matching the energy portfolio of the decarbonized society
Authors: Kibata Hideki , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Ohyoshi Wataru , Mashiko Takahisa , Anai Tokunari
Published: October 2021

Considering the long‐term goal of the “Paris Agreement,” drastically reducing the CO2 emission of the energy sector as a whole is essential. Existing study showed an example of the energy portfolio (PF) in 2050 achieving the greenhouse gas emission reduction target (80% reduction compared to FY2013) by the transition of primary energy consumption to electricity by increased electrification due to reduction of cost and high energy efficiency of electricity.

The study also pointed out that further study is required since it did not consider the cost of network developments due to the geographical distance between areas with large demand and where suitable for renewable integration. This paper explains the mathematical optimization model to derive the cost optimal deployment of renewables and the corresponding required development of the interconnection, and, by showing a preliminary calculation result, verified that it should be effective to use this model in the study to seek the future of the energy sector.
Fast 3D microwave imaging inside cavity with minimum number of antennas and modified inverse algorithm
Authors: Babazadeh Omid
Published: October 2021

This article proposes an optimized method for 3D microwave imaging of various unknown objects inside a perfect electric conductor cavity. The total field scattered field technique uses the finite difference time domain method to obtain scattered fields inside a cavity in the forward scattering problem. However, the conjugate gradient method is optimized and used alongside a combined regularization term in the inverse scattering problem, which is essential for the reconstruction process. A dipole antenna is located as an incident wave from the transmitting antenna. Besides, one antenna acts as the receiver. Identifying the unknown objects with different shapes, sizes, materials, and locations using the minimum number of transmitting and receiving antennas, and the newly developed algorithm with less computation time, are the main advantages of this article. Also, the implemented method can be used in the 3D microwave imaging of multi‐scattering problems.
Effects of structural fracture and in situ stress combination characteristics on the production of coalbed methane wells: A case in the Mabidong block, China
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Zhou Min , Yang Jin , Zhou Pengbo , Zhao Lifang , Xian Baoan
Published: October 2021

Similar drilling, fracturing, and drainage techniques were adopted in the early stage of developing coalbed methane (CBM) in the Mabidong block, but the production of adjacent CBM wells was significantly different. The effects of coal seam depth, thickness, reservoir pressure, the ratio of desorption pressure and reservoir pressure, and gas content on the production of CBM wells are systematically studied. It is found that these parameters are not the critical control factors. The data of 107 observation points were obtained by using high‐precision structural fracture mapping technology, and four structural fracture development zones were delineated in the Mabidong block. Simultaneously, according to the in situ stress state, the Mabidong area is divided into an in situ stress tension state, and in situ stress compression state, and an in situ stress transition state. Based on structural fracture development and in situ stress state characteristics, four kinds of matching relationships are found: ① Structural fracture development and in situ stress state are tension or transition state. ② The structural fractures are developed, but the in situ stress state is in the compression state. ③ The structural fracture is not developed, and the in situ stress state is tension or transition state. ④ The structural fractures are not developed, and the in situ stress is in the compression state. The comprehensive analysis of the 19 CBM well production shows that the CBM well production is high when the structural fracture dense area and the in situ stress tension and transition area coincide, while the CBM well production is low when other matching relationships. The matching relationship's accuracy in controlling the CBM well production is 89%. The characteristics of structural fracture development and in situ stress state are the combined control factors of CBM well production in the Mabidong block.
Directionality matters: Board interlocks and firm internationalization
Authors: Yildiz Harun Emre , Morgulis‐Yakushev Sergey , Holm Ulf , Eriksson Mikael
Published: October 2021

Research Summary

This paper examines an understudied aspect of network relationships—that is, direction of relational ties. Tie direction is important since it can shape when and how firms can benefit from the international experience of other firms. We focus on a specific type of network relationship—that is, interlocking directorates, which provides a clinical context to study directionality. We show that, due to their higher familiarity, identification, and executive power, focal firm directors serving in other firms' boards (i.e., outgoing ties) are more beneficial for utilizing partners' international experience. However, outside directors sitting on the boards of focal firms (i.e., incoming ties) can bring more useful first‐hand experience and facilitate international expansion once these ties get stronger. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Managerial Summary

As they grow internationally, firms need to manage risks and uncertainties of doing business abroad. In this regard, they can potentially benefit from the international experience of other firms in their network. We show how firms can realize these benefits by means of interlocking ties (i.e., shared board memberships). To that end, we examine the directionality of interlocking ties. Specifically, we argue that a firm's ability to utilize partners' experience for its own international expansion is greater when its directors sit on the boards of other firms (so‐called outgoing ties) compared to when other firms' directors sit on its own board (so‐called incoming ties). However, experience coming through incoming ties is more effective for a firm's international expansion once these ties get stronger.
A prevention science approach to promoting health and quality of life for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Riggs Nathaniel R. , Hepburn Susan L. , Pinks Miranda E. , Fidler Deborah J.
Published: October 2021

Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) involve challenges with both cognitive functioning and activities of daily living. The field of IDD science and practice has often applied a Quality of Life framework to promoting well‐being for those with IDD, however health disparities persist. Taking a prevention science approach to promoting health and quality of life may be a particularly effective way to decrease health disparities among individuals with IDD by addressing the challenging biopsychosocial risks that individuals with IDD experience during early childhood. This commentary discusses the promise of applying prevention science theory, research, and practice to promoting the quality of life of individuals with IDD, while recognizing the historical, methodological, and ethical challenges to doing so. Several opportunities for research partnerships between prevention scientists and applied IDD researchers are proposed for basic science research, community‐based participatory research, Type 1 translational research, and Type 2 translational research.
Incidental finding of meconium‐stained amniotic fluid in elective cesarean deliveries: Features and perils
Authors: Itzhaki‐Bachar Liora , Meyer Raanan , Levin Gabriel , Weissmann‐Brenner Alina
Published: October 2021

Objective

To characterize pregnancies in which meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) was incidentally discovered during elective caesarean delivery (CD), and to evaluate the association with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on all patients who underwent elective CD with singleton pregnancies between March 2011 and June 2020. Data analyzed included maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal characteristics. A comparison was made between pregnancies with clear amniotic fluid, MSAF, and thick MSAF.

Results

During the study period, 10 445 patients with singleton pregnancies underwent elective CD. Of them, 368 (3.5%) had MSAF and 31 (0.3%) had thick MSAF. Patients with MSAF gained more weight during pregnancy and suffered more from diabetes compared with patients with clear fluid. Significantly more pregnancies with MSAF had either oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios. Pregnancies in the thick‐MSAF group had more intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. No differences were found between the groups in the composite adverse neonatal outcome, including 5‐min Apgar score, need for mechanical ventilation, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Conclusion

The incidental finding of MSAF during elective CD is not associated with increased risks of adverse neonatal outcomes.
Enhanced landfill leachate treatment in sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) amended with zeolite and biochar
Authors: Gao Bisheng , Yang Xia , Dasi Erica A , Lam Thanh , Arias Mauricio E , Ergas Sarina J
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Biological treatment of landfill leachate is inhibited by high concentrations of ammonia and recalcitrant organic matter. This study investigated the addition of natural adsorbent materials, zeolite (clinoptilolite) and biochar, to enhance biological treatment of landfill leachate in sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs). Three bench‐scale SBBRs were set up with varying types of biofilm support media: (i) lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as a control (C‐SBBR); (ii) LECA + zeolite (CZ‐SBBR); and (iii) LECA + zeolite + biochar (CZB‐SBBR). SBBRs were operated with alternating anoxic and aerobic stages to promote total nitrogen (TN) removal via nitrification/denitrification.

RESULTS

Excellent TAN removal (>99%) was achieved in all three SBBRs throughout the study, most likely as a result of the favorable environmental conditions and long hydraulic retention time (HRTs) applied (nine or more days). Biochar addition in CZB‐SBBR resulted in significantly higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) (61–83%) and color (82–95% as UV456) removals compared with C‐SBBR (42–44% for COD and 28–33% for color) and CZ‐SBBR (34–45% for COD and 20–35% for color). High effluent nitrate (NO3−) concentrations initially were observed in CZB‐SBBR, most likely due to limited organic carbon availability for denitrification. However, after >1 year of operation, NO3− accumulation declined and TN removal of 81% was achieved, indicating that the main nitrogen removal pathway shifted from simultaneous nitrification/denitrification to partial nitritation/anammox.

CONCLUSIONS

Zeolite/biochar amended SBBRs are a promising approach for enhanced landfill leachate treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
From waste to wealth: upcycling of plastic and lignocellulosic wastes to PHAs
Authors: Abu‐Thabit Nedal Y , Pérez‐Rivero Cristina , Uwaezuoke Onyinye J , Ngwuluka Ndidi C
Published: October 2021

Over the past fifty years, environmental pollution from non‐biodegradable petroleum‐based plastics has worsened and become a real threat to marine life and human health. Thus, solutions to plastic pollution are urgently needed for reducing the contamination of soil and water resources. Developing alternative biodegradable plastics derived from renewable resources is an emerging research focus that can alleviate the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable biopolymers for replacing plastics derived from fossil fuel resources. The large scale commercialization of PHAs is not yet feasible due to their high production cost, which is largely associated with the feedstock cost. Using readily available carbon sources from underutilized lignocellulosic biomass and non‐recyclable plastic wastes allows for feedstock cost reduction and for the production of value‐added PHA bioplastics, and this significantly contributes to the solution of plastic pollution in a circular economy approach. This review highlights the recent efforts for valorizing plastic and lignocellulosic wastes to produce PHAs through a biotechnological approach using a two‐step methodology. In the first step, plastic (PE, PP, PS, PET) and lignocellulosic (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) macromolecules are depolymerized and converted to smaller fragments/monomers, which will be utilized for the subsequent bio‐upcycling step via fermentation process to produce PHAs. Pyrolyzed plastic wastes and hydrolysates from lignocellulosic waste biomass will facilitate the transition from linear to circular economy, lower the production cost of PHAs, and contribute to the solution of plastic pollution in a practical, economical, and sustainable approach. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Quantifying epifaunal secondary production within tropical macroalgal meadows: Seasonality and sensitivity to canopy structure
Authors: Chen Yi‐Yang , Cooper Paul , Fulton Christopher J. , Fox Rebecca J.
Published: October 2021

Secondary production connects primary producers with higher‐order consumers. The response of secondary production to seasonal variation in primary producers can influence trophic flows that underpin key ecosystem functions and services. Within the canopy‐forming macroalgal meadows of Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, we quantified the secondary production generated by Sargassum‐associated epifauna across seasons and seascapes. We found a strong positive correlation between overall epifaunal production and Sargassum canopy size. Variation in epifaunal production was predominantly driven by seasonal changes in Sargassum canopy size. However, these seasonal effects were not uniform across the seascape. Key predictors of spatial and temporal variation in epifaunal production were the presence of invertivorous fish families, as well as daily and monthly fluctuations in sea temperature. Areal estimates of epifaunal productivity were much higher in summer than in winter, due to higher Sargassum canopy size and percent cover in summer. Epifaunal production was estimated to be more sensitive to Sargassum percentage cover than to canopy height. Modeling a 45% reduction in canopy height and percent cover of Sargassum associated with a marine heatwave event revealed a potential 81% drop in the areal rate of secondary production by Sargassum epifauna in this tropical fringing reef ecosystem. Disturbances to Sargassum canopy structure driven by global change can therefore significantly alter the productivity of these tropical macroalgal meadows and their ability to support higher level consumers within the food web, including important fisheries species. Our results highlight the importance of including epifaunal production estimates in predictive modeling when managing macroalgal‐dominated marine ecosystems.
The Cauchy problem for Choquard equation with an inverse‐square potential
Authors: Liu Jinxing , Wang Xiongrui , Zhou Jun , Deng Xiumei
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with the Cauchy problem for Choquard equation with an inverse‐square potential, and the infinite conditions for solutions existing globally and blowing up in finite time are given, which generalize the recent results about this model.
Maxillary abnormality in the medieval Blessed friar Egidio from Laurenzana (Basilicata, southern Italy)
Authors: D'Anastasio Ruggero , Cilli Jacopo , Viciano Joan , Capasso Luigi
Published: October 2021

Blessed Egidio was a revered Catholic friar who lived in Basilicata (southern Italy) between the 15th and 16th centuries A.D. His natural mummy is preserved in the Mother Church of Laurenzana, the village where he lived. During the recent restoration and conservation of the relic, palaeopathological analysis was carried out. This revealed osteolytic lesions that affected the maxillary bones, as two injuries that were different in morphology and size that distinctly afflicted the right and left maxillae. The macroscopic and radiographic appearance of the lesion on the right maxilla and its proximity to the right premolar tooth that showed periapical granuloma suggest a diagnosis of an inflammatory odontogenic cyst (radicular cyst). The second lesion, of the left maxilla, was non‐specific and might have been the consequence of an inflammatory process. Odontogenic cysts are common in modern human populations but have been poorly described to date in ancient populations. The case of Blessed Egidio represents a new and rare case diagnosed in the field of palaeopathology.
Mental imagery rotation and graph comprehension of IS‐LM macroeconomic models
Authors: González María Ángeles , Dopico Jesús A. , Campos Alfredo
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine if the ability to rotate mental imagery influenced the comprehension of graphs in economics. A sample of 140 Business Administration undergraduates familiar with economic analysis using graphs were administered the Measure of the Ability to Rotate Mental Images (MARMI). Moreover, participants completed an ad hoc graph comprehension test consisting of six exercises of increasing difficulty with graphs developing the IS‐LM model described in conventional macroeconomic textbooks. Both the ability to rotate mental imagery and graph complexity (the number of quadrants in each graph) were found to significantly influence the number of correct graph comprehension responses.
Spatial distinction and temporal stability of water microelements in the North Platte River and Lake McConaughy, Nebraska
Authors: Rowles Garrett , Wuellner Melissa R. , Koupal Keith D.
Published: October 2021

Water chemistry can vary spatially and temporally within a riverscape (i.e., reservoir, rivers, and tributaries) due to different surficial geologies, groundwater influences, surrounding land use, habitat type (i.e., reservoir or river), and water residence time. Microelemental signatures may be absorbed by calcified structures of fish and have been used to describe their environmental history. The ability to identify this history depends in part on spatial distinction and temporal stability of those water signatures. The objective of this study was to compare trace concentrations of four elements in water collected at nine locations within the North Platte River (n = 4 sites), one tributary of the river (n = 1 site), and Lake McConaughy (n = 4 sites) in July 2017 and from April to September in 2018 to assess spatial distinction and temporal stability of these microelements. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to analyze concentrations of Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Sr:Ca in each water sample. Spatial distinction and temporal stability of microelements were assessed using a Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenzel test. A Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple comparisons per element. No significant spatial distinction was detected among the nine individual sites (df = 3, p = .05–.72) and plots of elements displayed temporal variability at the tributary site and the North Platte River site below the tributary site. However, when individual sites were classified to habitat type (i.e., “river,” “tributary,” or “reservoir”), all four microelements were found to be spatially distinct (df = 3, p < .01). All elemental ratios except Mg:Ca were found to be temporally stable (df = 3, p = .02–.08). This study identified microelements that were spatially distinct between a river, tributary, and reservoir and temporally stable which will allow for accurate assessment of environmental history of fish using hard‐part microchemistry.
Investigation of Co3O4 Activity and Stability in Amidation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Authors: Shirshin Konstantin K. , Esipovich Anton L. , Kanakov Evgeny , Rogozhin Anton E.
Published: October 2021

Co3O4 activity in amidation reaction between fatty acid methyl esters and 3‐(Dimethylamino)‐1‐propylamine was investigated for the first time. The catalytic effect was approved by comparison of non‐catalyzed and catalyzed reactions activation energies and connected with the unique structure of Co3O4. Using of Co3O4 allows decreasing of activation energy of amidation reaction up to 1.5 times (from 90 to 59 kJ/mol). During the recycling test no significant decrease in reaction rate and product yield was detected even after 5 cycles. Using various analysis methods (XRD, FTIR, EDS‐SEM) of fresh and spent catalyst it was fixed that Co3O4 has no transformation throughout the synthesis.
Calcium Channel Blockers: The Effect of Glutathione S‐Transferase Enzyme Activity and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Türkeş Cüneyt , Kesebir Arzu Öztürk , Demir Yeliz , Küfrevioğlu Ömer İrfan , Beydemir Şükrü
Published: October 2021

Recently, as a drug target in cancer treatment, the superfamily of glutathione S‐transferase (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18) have been invited considerable interest by scientists. In particular, as they are overexpressed in many human cancer cell lines, GSTs can catalyze the conjugation of the cellular nucleophile glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of electrophilic carcinogens toxins and drugs, meanwhile producing oxidative stress. For this purpose, the GST was purified by GSH‐agarose affinity chromatography, and some calcium channel blockers (CCBs), such as amlodipine, cinnarizine, isradipine, nifedipine, and nilvadipine, were assessed for their inhibitory actions against GST. The CCBs demonstrated micromolar levels inhibitory activity towards GST (KIs spanning within the 98.84±0.53 μM–502.70±2.53 μM range). The best GST inhibitory activity was observed for the isradipine. Additionally, molecular docking study was performed for competitive inhibitor nilvadipine on GST to describe the possible interaction with the active site to confirm the inhibitory activity.
A cubic analogue of the Friedlander–Iwaniec spin over primes
Authors: Merikoski Jori
Published: October 2021

In 1998 Friedlander and Iwaniec proved that there are infinitely many primes of the form $$a^2+b^4$$

a
2

+

b
4

. To show this they used the Jacobi symbol to define the spin of Gaussian integers, and one of the key ingredients in the proof was to show that the spin becomes equidistributed along Gaussian primes. To generalize this we define the cubic spin of ideals of $${\mathbb {Z}}[\zeta _{12}]={\mathbb {Z}}[\zeta _3,i]$$

Z

[

ζ
12

]

=
Z

[

ζ
3

,
i
]

by using the cubic residue character on the Eisenstein integers $${\mathbb {Z}}[\zeta _3]$$

Z
[

ζ
3

]

. Our main theorem says that the cubic spin is equidistributed along prime ideals of $${\mathbb {Z}}[\zeta _{12}]$$

Z
[

ζ
12

]

. The proof of this follows closely along the lines of Friedlander and Iwaniec. The main new feature in our case is the infinite unit group, which means that we need to show that the definition of the cubic spin on the ring of integers lifts to a well-defined function on the ideals. We also explain how the cubic spin arises if we consider primes of the form $$a^2+b^6$$

a
2

+

b
6

on the Eisenstein integers.
Forging just dietary futures: bringing mainstream and critical nutrition into conversation
Authors: Nichols Carly , Kampman Halie , van den Bold Mara
Published: October 2021

Despite decades of action to reduce global malnutrition, rates of undernutrition remain stubbornly high and rates of overweight, obesity and chronic disease are simultaneously on the rise. Moreover, while volumes of robust research on causes and solutions to malnutrition have been published, and calls for interdisciplinarity are on the rise, researchers taking different epistemological and methodological choices have largely remained disciplinarily siloed. This paper works to open a scholarly conversation between “mainstream” public health nutrition and “critical” nutrition studies. While critical nutrition scholars collectively question aspects of mainstream nutrition approaches, they also chart a different way to approach malnutrition research by focusing on politics, structural conditions, and the diverse ways people make sense of food and malnutrition. In this paper, we highlight the key research agendas and insights within both mainstream and critical nutrition in order to suggest spaces for their potential conversation. We ultimately argue that global public health nutrition interventions might achieve greater success in more equitable ways if they are informed by critical nutrition research. We aim for this intervention to facilitate more substantial crossing of disciplinary boundaries, critical to forging more socially and environmentally just dietary futures in the global South and beyond.
On the consistency of two-phase local/nonlocal piezoelectric integral model
Authors: Ren Yanming , Qing Hai
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose general strain- and stress-driven two-phase local/nonlocal piezoelectric integral models, which can distinguish the difference of nonlocal effects on the elastic and piezoelectric behaviors of nanostructures. The nonlocal piezoelectric model is transformed from integral to an equivalent differential form with four constitutive boundary conditions due to the difficulty in solving intergro-differential equations directly. The nonlocal piezoelectric integral models are used to model the static bending of the Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam on the assumption that the nonlocal elastic and piezoelectric parameters are coincident with each other. The governing differential equations as well as constitutive and standard boundary conditions are deduced. It is found that purely strain- and stress-driven nonlocal piezoelectric integral models are ill-posed, because the total number of differential orders for governing equations is less than that of boundary conditions. Meanwhile, the traditional nonlocal piezoelectric differential model would lead to inconsistent bending response for Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam under different boundary and loading conditions. Several nominal variables are introduced to normalize the governing equations and boundary conditions, and the general differential quadrature method (GDQM) is used to obtain the numerical solutions. The results from current models are validated against results in the literature. It is clearly established that a consistent softening and toughening effects can be obtained for static bending of the Euler-Bernoulli beam based on the general strain- and stress-driven local/nonlocal piezoelectric integral models, respectively.
A revision of the rectangular algorithm for a class of DC optimization problems
Authors: Kuno Takahito
Published: October 2021

Every continuously differentiable function can be represented as a difference between a convex function and an additively separable convex function. We show that a DC function with this structure can be optimized using the rectangular algorithm for separable nonconvex optimization, and develop a revision to this algorithm for practical use. We also report some numerical results which indicate the effectiveness of the revision.
Localised Pair Formation in Bosonic Flat-Band Hubbard Models
Authors: Fronk Jacob , Mielke Andreas
Published: October 2021

Flat-band systems are ideal model systems to study strong correlations. In a large class of one or two dimensional bosonic systems with a lowest flat-band it has been shown that at a critical density the ground states are Wigner crystals. Under very special conditions it has been shown that pair formation occurs if one adds another particle to the system. The present paper extends this result to a much larger class of lattices and to a much broader region in the parameter space. Further, a lower bound for the energy gap between these pair states and the rest of the spectrum is established. The pair states are dominated by a subspace spanned by states containing a compactly localised pair. Overall, this strongly suggests localised pair formation in the ground states of the broad class of flat-band systems and rigorously proves it for some of the graphs in it, including the inhomogeneous chequerboard chain as well as two novel examples of regular two dimensional graphs. Physically, this means that the Wigner crystal remains intact if one adds a particle to it.
Effortful Bayesian updating: A pupil-dilation study
Authors: Alós-Ferrer Carlos , Jaudas Alexander , Ritschel Alexander
Published: October 2021

When confronted with new information, rational decision makers should update their beliefs through Bayes’ rule. In economics, however, new information often includes win-loss feedback (profits vs. losses, success vs. failure, upticks vs. downticks). Previous research using a well-established belief-updating paradigm shows that, in this case, reinforcement learning (focusing on past performance) creates high error rates, and increasing monetary incentives fails to elicit higher performance. But do incentives fail to increase effort, or rather does effort fail to increase performance? We use pupil dilation to show that higher incentives do result in increased cognitive effort, but the latter fails to translate into increased performance in this paradigm. The failure amounts to a “reinforcement paradox:” increasing incentives makes win-loss cues more salient, and hence effort is often misallocated in the form of an increased reliance on reinforcement processes. Our study also serves as an example of how pupil-dilation measurements can inform economics.
When scale is surplus
Authors: Gryb Sean , Sloan David
Published: October 2021

We study a long-recognised but under-appreciated symmetry calleddynamical similarityand illustrate its relevance to many important conceptual problems in fundamental physics. Dynamical similarities are general transformations of a system where the unit of Hamilton’s principal function is rescaled, and therefore represent a kind of dynamical scaling symmetry with formal properties that differ from many standard symmetries. To study this symmetry, we develop a general framework for symmetries that distinguishes the observable and surplus structures of a theory by using the minimal freely specifiable initial data for the theory that is necessary to achieve empirical adequacy. This framework is then applied to well-studied examples including Galilean invariance and the symmetries of the Kepler problem. We find that our framework gives a precise dynamical criterion for identifying the observables of those systems, and that those observables agree with epistemic expectations. We then apply our framework to dynamical similarity. First we give a general definition of dynamical similarity. Then we show, with the help of some previous results, how the dynamics of our observables leads to singularity resolution and the emergence of an arrow of time in cosmology.
Analysis of pathogens and antimicrobial treatment in different groups of patients with chronic otitis media
Authors: Kaźmierczak W , Janiak-Kiszka J , Budzyńska A , Nowaczewska M , Kaźmierczak H , Gospodarek-Komkowska E
Published: October 2021

Objective

Microbial infection plays an important role in exacerbation of chronic otitis media. The aim of this study was to analyse the microbiota in chronic otitis media in the context of local treatment.

Method

In this prospective study, samples for microbiological examination were taken from 119 patients who underwent operation because of chronic otitis media.

Results

The results were compared between groups depending on the type of operation (none, tympanoplasty or radical), the presence of cholesteatoma or granulomatous tissue or discharge from the ear as a symptom of exacerbation. Antibiotic susceptibility of germs was analysed to define the strategy of treatment. A total of 209 samples were collected from 119 patients with chronic otitis media.

Conclusion

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were pathogens most frequently identified from the ear in the course of chronic otitis media. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was concerned with major pathology of the middle ear (radical surgery, cholesteatoma or granulomatous tissue, persisting discharge after treatment), whereas Staphylococcus aureus was obtained in dry perforations without other pathology in the middle-ear cavity. Ciprofloxacin was effective against Staphylococcus aureus, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were ciprofloxacin resistant.
Asymptomatic superior semicircular canal dehiscence
Authors: Verrecchia L , Edholm K , Pekkari M
Published: October 2021

Objective

To describe a case of asymptomatic superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

Method

Clinical case report.

Results

A 50-year-old man presenting with right-sided Ménière´s disease also showed an enhanced response on vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing for the left ear. Unilateral left-sided superior semicircular canal bone dehiscence was clearly visualised on a subsequent temporal bone computed tomography scan. These findings were consistent with superior canal dehiscence syndrome. However, the patient did not complain of any specific superior canal dehiscence syndrome symptoms. Given that vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing may detect asymptomatic forms of superior canal dehiscence, as noted in this case, such testing seems to exhibit reduced specificity for superior canal dehiscence syndrome.

Conclusion

An enhanced response on vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing in isolation appears to be a weaker indicator of superior canal dehiscence syndrome, and rather a marker of superior semicircular canal dehiscence.
Some Methodological Issues in Neuroethics: The Case of Responsibility and Psychopathy
Authors: Malatesti Luca , McMillan John
Published: October 2021

There are some distinct methodological challenges, and possible pitfalls, for neuroethics when it evaluates neuroscientific results and links them to issues such as moral or legal responsibility. Some problems emerge in determining the requirements for responsibility. We will show how philosophical proposals in this area need to interact with legal doctrine and practice. Problems can occur when inferring normative implications from neuroscientific results. Other problems arise when it is not recognized that data about brain anatomy or physiology are relevant to the ascription of responsibility only when they are significantly correlated with the psychological capacities contemplated by the legal formulations of responsibility. We will demonstrate this by considering two significant cases concerning psychopathy. Some paradigms that aim at measuring higher-order capacities, such as moral understanding, have limited validity. More robust paradigms for the study of learning in restricted controlled conditions, on the other hand, have limited ecological validity across individuals and context to be of any use for the law.
Comparison of the effects of ammonium nonanoate and an essential oil herbicide on weed control efficacy and water use efficiency of pumpkin
Authors: Parkash Ved , Saini Rupinder , Singh Manpreet , Singh Sukhbir
Published: October 2021

Weed management is one of the major challenges responsible for growers’ reluctance to switch from conventional to organic vegetable production. Competition from uncontrolled weeds can significantly reduce the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of vegetable crops. A field study was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 at the Quaker Research Farm of Texas Tech University, in Lubbock, TX, to determine physiology, plant growth, yield, soil water depletion pattern, and WUE of pumpkin as affected by five weed control treatments: 1) ammonium nonanoate 5% ai, 2) ammonium nonanoate 6% ai, 3) clove oil + cinnamon oil 4.5% ai, 4) clove oil + cinnamon oil 9% ai, and 5) an untreated control. Each plot received the same herbicide treatment at 20 and 30 d after planting (DAP). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of each treatment. Both herbicides resulted in significant weed suppression compared to the untreated control and weed control was 88% to 98% with ammonium nonanoate and 39% to 69% with clove oil + cinnamon oil. Photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, shoot dry biomass, average fruit weight, total fruit yield, and WUE of pumpkin were significantly higher in plants that were treated with ammonium nonanoate compared to the untreated control. All the aforementioned parameters were not significantly different between clove oil + cinnamon oil and the untreated control. Use of higher active ingredient concentration did not improve the performance of either herbicide. Soil water depletion and evapotranspiration were comparable among all the treatments. Based on the results, ammonium nonanoate at its lower concentration could be an option for effective weed control, and for improving fruit yield and WUE of pumpkin.
Extending the critical period for weed control model to better include weed succession using common sunflower as a mimic weed in high-yielding cotton
Authors: Charles Graham W. , Taylor Ian N.
Published: October 2021

The critical period for weed control (CPWC) adds value to integrated weed management by identifying the period during which weeds need to be controlled to avoid yield losses exceeding a defined threshold. However, the traditional application of the CPWC does not identify the timing of control needed for weeds that emerge late in the critical period. In this study, CPWC models were developed from field data in high-yielding cotton crops during three summer seasons from 2005 to 2008, using the mimic weed, common sunflower, at densities of two to 20 plants per square meter. Common sunflower plants were introduced at up to 450 growing degree days (GDD) after crop planting and removed at successive 200 GDD intervals after introduction. The CPWC models were described using extended Gompertz and logistic functions that included weed density, time of weed introduction, and time of weed removal (logistic function only) in the relationships. The resulting models defined the CPWC for late-emerging weeds, identifying a period after weed emergence before weed control was required to prevent yield loss exceeding the yield-loss threshold. When weeds emerged in sufficient numbers toward the end of the critical period, the model predicted that crop yield loss resulting from competition by these weeds would not exceed the yield-loss threshold until well after the end of the CPWC. These findings support the traditional practice of ensuring weeds are controlled before crop canopy closure, with later weed control inputs used as required.
Analekzem
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Hoch Franz
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Artikel werden anhand von Bildbeispielen und den zugehörigen anamnestischen Angaben das allergische Kontaktekzem atopische Hautveränderungen, irritativ-toxische und vulgäre Ekzeme sowie die Psoriasis inversa beschrieben. Des Weiteren die erregerbedingten perianale Streptokokkendermatitis (PSD) und die perianale Kandidose.
CME-Rheumatologie 24: DISH der Hand und undifferenzierte Polyarthritis CME-Fragen
Authors: Tamborrini Giorgio , Kyburz Diego , Studler Ueli
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung. Wir stellen einen Fall mit undifferenzierter, bzw. nicht klassifizierter Polyarthritis und mit peripherer diffuser idiopathischer skelettaler Hyperostose (DISH) vor. Hierbei diskutieren wir die Differenzialdiagnosen der «seronegativen» Polyarthritis und erläutern die konventionelle Bildgebung der wenig bekannten peripheren Manifestation der DISH.
Physics of Viscous Bridges in Soil Biological Hotspots
Authors: Benard P. , Schepers J. R. , Crosta M. , Zarebanadkouki M. , Carminati A.
Published: October 2021

Plant roots and bacteria alter the soil physical properties by releasing polymeric blends into the soil pore space (e.g., extracellular polymeric substances and mucilage). The physical mechanisms by which these substances interact with the soil matrix and alter the spatial configuration of the liquid phase and the related hydraulic properties remain unclear. Here, we propose a theory to explain how polymer solutions form one‐dimensional filaments and two‐dimensional interconnected structures spanning across multiple pores. Unlike water, primarily shaped by surface tension, these polymeric structures remain connected during drying due to their high viscosity. The integrity of one‐dimensional structures is explained by the interplay of viscosity and surface tension forces (elegantly characterized by the Ohnesorge number), while the formation of two‐dimensional structures requires consideration of the interaction of the polymer solution with the solid surfaces and external drivers (e.g., drying rate). During drying, the viscosity of the liquid phase increases and at a critical point, when the friction between polymers and solid surfaces overcomes the water absorption of the polymers, the concentration of the polymer solution at the gas‐liquid interface increases asymptotically. At this critical point, polymers are deposited as two‐dimensional surfaces, such as hollow cylinders or interconnected surfaces. A model is introduced to predict the formation of such structures. Viscosity of the soil solution, specific soil surface, and drying rate are the key parameters determining the transition from one‐to two‐dimensional structures. Model results are in good agreement with observed structures formed in porous media during drying.