bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Stabilize the Photoinduced Supramolecular Chirality in Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Royes Jorge , Oriol Luis , Tejedor Rosa M. , Piñol Milagros
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the synthesis, thermal characterization and optical properties of liquid crystalline homopolymers and block copolymers with a repeating unit consisting of two functional units, with at least one of them being an azobenzene. Films of these polymers have been irradiated with circularly polarized light at room temperature, evaluating the intensity of the photoinduced chiral signal and its temporal stability upon storage. The paper also explores two different strategies to restrict the relaxation of the photoinduced order. Firstly, block copolymers have been prepared to confine the photoaddressable segments into nanoscopic domains where relaxation should be restricted. Secondly, an alternative homopolymer has been synthesized where the repeating unit combines two chromophores that can be separately photoaddressed, an azobenzene unit to efficiently photoinduce chirality and a cinnamate to fix the chiral signal by photocrosslinking.
Development of a High-Performance Adhesive with a Microphase, Separation Crosslinking Structure Using Wheat Flour and a Hydroxymethyl Melamine Prepolymer
Authors: Zhang Jieyu , Zhang Yi , Li Jianzhang , Gao Qiang
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study is to use wheat flour (WF) and hydroxymethyl melamine prepolymer (HMP) to develop a low cost, highly water-resistant, starch-based bio-adhesive for plywood fabrication. Three-layer plywood was fabricated using the resultant adhesive, and the wet shear strength of the plywood samples was measured under various conditions. After determining that water resistance was significantly improved with the addition of HMP, we evaluated the physical characteristics of the starch-based adhesive and functional groups and analyzed the thermal stability and fracture surface of the cured adhesive samples. Results showed that by adding 20 wt.% HMP into WF adhesive, the sedimentation volume in the resultant adhesive decreased by 11.3%, indicating that the increase of crosslinking in the structure of the adhesives increased the bond strength, and the wet shear strength of the resultant plywood in 63 °C water improved by 375% when compared with the WF adhesive. After increasing the addition of HMP to 40 wt.%, the wet shear strength of the resultant plywood in 100 °C water changed from 0 MPa to 0.71 MPa, which meets the exterior use plywood requirement. This water resistance and bond strength improvement resulted from (1) HMP reacting with functions in WF and forming a crosslinking structure to prevent moisture intrusion; and (2) HMP self-crosslinking and combining with crosslinked WF to form a microphase separation crosslinking structure, which improved both the crosslinking density and the toughness of the adhesive, and subsequently, the adhesive’s bond performance. In addition, the microphase separation crosslinking structure had better thermostability and created a compact ductile fracture surface, which further improved the bond performance of the adhesive. Thus, using a prepolymer to form a microphase separation crosslinking structure within the adhesive improves the rigidity, toughness, and water resistance of the material in a practical and cost-effective manner.
Effect of Mold Temperature on the Impact Behavior and Morphology of Injection Molded Foams Based on Polypropylene Polyethylene–Octene Copolymer Blends
Authors: Muñoz-Pascual Santiago , Lopez-Gonzalez Eduardo , Saiz-Arroyo Cristina , Rodriguez-Perez Miguel Angel
Published: May 2019

In this work, an isotactic polypropylene (PP) and a polyethylene–octene copolymer (POE) have been blended and injection-molded, obtaining solids and foamed samples with a relative density of 0.76. Different mold temperature and injection temperature were used. The Izod impact strength was measured. For solids, higher mold temperature increased the impact resistance, whereas in foams, the opposite trend was observed. In order to understand the reasons of this behavior, the morphology of the elastomeric phase, the crystalline morphology and the cellular structure have been studied. The presence of the elastomer near the skin in the case of high mold temperature can explain the improvement produced with a high mold temperature in solids. For foams, aspects as the elastomer coarsening in the core of the sample or the presence of a thicker solid skin are the critical parameters that justify the improved behavior of the materials produced with a lower mold temperature.
Fig Plant Segmentation from Aerial Images Using a Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network
Authors: Fuentes-Pacheco Jorge , Torres-Olivares Juan , Roman-Rangel Edgar , Cervantes Salvador , Juarez-Lopez Porfirio , Hermosillo-Valadez Jorge , Rendón-Mancha Juan Manuel
Published: May 2019

Crop segmentation is an important task in Precision Agriculture, where the use of aerial robots with an on-board camera has contributed to the development of new solution alternatives. We address the problem of fig plant segmentation in top-view RGB (Red-Green-Blue) images of a crop grown under open-field difficult circumstances of complex lighting conditions and non-ideal crop maintenance practices defined by local farmers. We present a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with an encoder-decoder architecture that classifies each pixel as crop or non-crop using only raw colour images as input. Our approach achieves a mean accuracy of 93.85% despite the complexity of the background and a highly variable visual appearance of the leaves. We make available our CNN code to the research community, as well as the aerial image data set and a hand-made ground truth segmentation with pixel precision to facilitate the comparison among different algorithms.
Estimation of Winter Wheat Residue Coverage Using Optical and SAR Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Cai Wenting , Zhao Shuhe , Wang Yamei , Peng Fanchen , Heo Joon , Duan Zheng
Published: May 2019

As an important part of the farmland ecosystem, crop residues provide a barrier against water erosion, and improve soil quality. Timely and accurate estimation of crop residue coverage (CRC) on a regional scale is essential for understanding the condition of ecosystems and the interactions with the surrounding environment. Satellite remote sensing is an effective way of regional CRC estimation. Both optical remote sensing and microwave remote sensing are common means of CRC estimation. However, CRC estimation based on optical imagery has the shortcomings of signal saturation in high coverage areas and susceptibility to weather conditions, while CRC estimation using microwave imagery is easily influenced by soil moisture and crop types. Synergistic use of optical and microwave remote sensing information may have the potential to improve estimation accuracy. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (i) Analyze the correlation between field measured CRC and satellite derived variables based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, (ii) investigate the relationship of CRC with new indices (OCRI-RPs) which combine optical crop residues indices (OCRIs) and radar parameters (RPs), and (iii) to estimate CRC in Yucheng County based on OCRI-RPs by optimal subset regression. The correlations between field measured CRC and satellite derived variables were evaluated by coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The results showed that the normalized difference tillage index (NDTI) and radar indices 2 (RI2) had relatively higher correlations with field measured CRC in OCRIs and RPs (R2 = 0.570, RMSE = 6.560% and R2 = 0.430, RMSE = 7.052%, respectively). Combining OCRIs with RPs by multiplying each OCRI with each RP could significantly improve the ability of indices to estimate CRC, as NDTI × RI2 had the highest R2 value of 0.738 and lowest RMSE value of 5.140%. The optimal model for CRC estimation by optimal subset regression was constructed by NDI71 × σ V V 0 and NDTI × σ V H 0 , with a R2 value of 0.770 and a RMSE value of 4.846%, which had a great improvement when compared with the best results in OCRIs and RPs. The results demonstrated that the combination of optical remote sensing information and microwave remote sensing information could improve the accuracy of CRC estimation.
Estimating Dynamics of Terminal Lakes in the Second Largest Endorheic River Basin of Northwestern China from 2000 to 2017 with Landsat Imagery
Authors: Li Bei , Zhang Yi-Chi , Wang Ping , Du Chao-Yang , Yu Jing-Jie
Published: May 2019

Quantifying terminal-lake dynamics is crucial for understanding water-ecosystem-economy relationship across endorheic river basins in arid environments. In this study, the spatio-temporal variations in terminal lakes of the lower Heihe River Basin were investigated for the first time since the Ecological Water Diversion Project commenced in 2000. The lake area and corresponding water consumption were determined with 248 Landsat images. Vital recovery of lakes occurred two years after the implementation of the project, and the total lake area increased by 382.6%, from 30.7 to 148.2 km2, during 2002–2017. East Juyan Lake (EJL) was first restored as a project target and subsequently reached a maximum area of 70.1 km2. Water dispersion was initiated in 2003, with the East river prioritized for restoration. Swan Lake in the East river enlarged to 67.7 km2 by 2017, while the other four lakes temporarily existed or maintained an area < 7 km2, such as West Juyan Lake. Water consumed by lakes increased synchronously with lake area. The average water consumption of the six lakes was 1.03 × 108 m3/year, with 63% from EJL. The increasing terminal lakes; however, highlight the seasonal competition for water use between riparian vegetation and lake ecosystems in water-limited areas.
Resource Provisioning in Fog Computing: From Theory to Practice †
Authors: Santos José , Wauters Tim , Volckaert Bruno , De Turck Filip
Published: May 2019

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Smart Cities continue to expand at enormous rates. Centralized Cloud architectures cannot sustain the requirements imposed by IoT services. Enormous traffic demands and low latency constraints are among the strictest requirements, making cloud solutions impractical. As an answer, Fog Computing has been introduced to tackle this trend. However, only theoretical foundations have been established and the acceptance of its concepts is still in its early stages. Intelligent allocation decisions would provide proper resource provisioning in Fog environments. In this article, a Fog architecture based on Kubernetes, an open source container orchestration platform, is proposed to solve this challenge. Additionally, a network-aware scheduling approach for container-based applications in Smart City deployments has been implemented as an extension to the default scheduling mechanism available in Kubernetes. Last but not least, an optimization formulation for the IoT service problem has been validated as a container-based application in Kubernetes showing the full applicability of theoretical approaches in practical service deployments. Evaluations have been performed to compare the proposed approaches with the Kubernetes standard scheduling feature. Results show that the proposed approaches achieve reductions of 70% in terms of network latency when compared to the default scheduling mechanism.
A New Angular Light Scattering Measurement of Particulate Matter Mass Concentration for Homogeneous Spherical Particles
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Xiaowei , Han Jinke , Jiang Meng , Wang Zhaofeng , Qi Jiuxin
Published: May 2019

Under the condition of ultra-low emission for power plants, the particulate matter concentration is significantly lower than that of typical power plants a decade ago, which posed new challenges for the particulate matter monitoring of stationary emission. The monitoring of particulate matter mass concentration based on ensemble light scattering has been found affected by particle size. Thus, this study develops a method of using the scattering angular distribution to obtain the real-time particle size, and then correct the particulate matter concentration with the real-time measured particle size. In this study, a real-time aerosol concentration and particle size measurement setup is constructed with a fixed detector at the forward direction and a rotating detector. The mass concentration is measured by the fixed detector, and the particle size is measured from the intensity ratio of the two detectors. The simulations show that the particle size has power law functionality with the angular spacing of the ripple structure according to Mie theory. Four quartz aerosols with different particle size are tested during the experiment, and the particle size measured from the ripple width is compared with the mass median size measured by an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI). Both techniques have the same measurement tendency, and the measurement deviation by the ripple width method compared with ELPI is less than 15%. Finally, the measurement error of the real-time mass concentration is reduced from 38% to 18% with correction of the simultaneously measured particle size when particle size has changed.
Electromyographic Evaluation of the Impacts of Different Insoles in the Activity Patterns of the Lower Limb Muscles during Sport Motorcycling: A Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Casado-Hernández Israel , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , López-López Daniel , Rodríguez-Sanz David , Martínez-Jiménez Eva María , Calvo-Lobo César
Published: May 2019

Customized foot insoles (CFI) have been recognized to reduce the prevalence of foot disorders in sport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four types of CFI on the activity patterns of the lower limb muscles (LLM) in healthy people during sport motorcycling. Methods: This was a cross-over trial (NCT03734133. Participants were recruited from an outpatient foot specialist clinic. Their mean age was 33 ± 5.14 years. While participants were sport motorcycling in a simulator, the electromyography (EMG) function was registered for LLM via surface electrodes. Participants completed separate tests while wearing one of four types of CFI: (1) only polypropylene (58° Shore D), (2) selective aluminum (60 HB Brinell hardness) in metatarsal and first hallux areas and polypropylene elsewhere (58° Shore D), (3) ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (52° Shore A), and (4) standard EVA (25° Shore A) as the control. Results: The activity patterns of the LLM while sport motorcycling showed significantly lower peak amplitude for the selective aluminum CFI than the other types of CFI. Conclusion: EMG amplitude peaks for several LLM were smaller for the hardest CFI (selective aluminum 60 HB Brinell hardness) than the other CFIs (polypropylene 58° Shore D, EVA 52° Shore A, and standard EVA 25° Shore A), except for the fibularis longus in right curves that is increased when the knee touches the road increasing the stability.
Improving Discrimination in Color Vision Deficiency by Image Re-Coloring
Authors: Lin Huei-Yung , Chen Li-Qi , Wang Min-Liang
Published: May 2019

People with color vision deficiency (CVD) cannot observe the colorful world due to the damage of color reception nerves. In this work, we present an image enhancement approach to assist colorblind people to identify the colors they are not able to distinguish naturally. An image re-coloring algorithm based on eigenvector processing is proposed for robust color separation under color deficiency transformation. It is shown that the eigenvector of color vision deficiency is distorted by an angle in the λ , Y-B, R-G color space. The experimental results show that our approach is useful for the recognition and separation of the CVD confusing colors in natural scene images. Compared to the existing techniques, our results of natural images with CVD simulation work very well in terms of RMS, HDR-VDP-2 and an IRB-approved human test. Both the objective comparison with previous works and the subjective evaluation on human tests validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
RGBD-Inertial Trajectory Estimation and Mapping for Ground Robots
Authors: Shan Zeyong , Li Ruijian , Schwertfeger Sören
Published: May 2019

Using camera sensors for ground robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has many benefits over laser-based approaches, such as the low cost and higher robustness. RGBD sensors promise the best of both worlds: dense data from cameras with depth information. This paper proposes to fuse RGBD and IMU data for a visual SLAM system, called VINS-RGBD, that is built upon the open source VINS-Mono software. The paper analyses the VINS approach and highlights the observability problems. Then, we extend the VINS-Mono system to make use of the depth data during the initialization process as well as during the VIO (Visual Inertial Odometry) phase. Furthermore, we integrate a mapping system based on subsampled depth data and octree filtering to achieve real-time mapping, including loop closing. We provide the software as well as datasets for evaluation. Our extensive experiments are performed with hand-held, wheeled and tracked robots in different environments. We show that ORB-SLAM2 fails for our application and see that our VINS-RGBD approach is superior to VINS-Mono.
Synthesis and Regularities of the Structure–Activity Relationship in a Series of N-Pyridyl-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides
Authors: Ukrainets Igor V. , Burian Anna A. , Hamza Ganna M. , Voloshchuk Natali I. , Malchenko Oxana V. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Sidorenko Lyudmila V. , Burian Kateryna O. , Sim Galina
Published: May 2019

According to our quantum and chemical calculations 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid imidazolide is theoretically almost as reactive as its 2-carbonyl analog, and it forms the corresponding N-pyridyl-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides with many aminopyridines. However, in practice, the sulfo group introduces significant changes at times and prevents the acylation of sterically hindered amines. One of these products was 2-amino-6-methylpyridine. Thus, it has been concluded that aminopyridines interact with imidazolide in aromatic form where the target for the initial electrophilic attack is the ring nitrogen. To confirm the structure of all substances synthesized, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were used. From X-ray diffraction data it follows that in the crystalline phase the carbonyl and sulfo group may occupy different positions with respect to the plane of the benzothiazine bicycle: this position may be unilateral, typical for 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides, versatile, and not yet encountered in compounds of this type. A comparison of these data with the results of the pharmacological screening conducted on the standard model of carrageenan inflammation showed that the N-pyridylamides of the first group demonstrated a direct dependence of their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity on the mutual arrangement of the planes of the benzothiazine and pyridine fragments. The new molecular conformation of the benzothiazine nucleus provides a sufficiently high level of analgesic (but not anti-inflammatory) properties in all N-pyridylamides of the second group with an extremely weak dependence on the spatial arrangement of the pyridine cycle. All substances presented this article proved themselves in varying degrees as analgesics and antiphlogistics. Moreover, two of them—N-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)- and N-(pyridin-3-yl)-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides—exceeded the most effective drug of oxicam type Lornoxicam by these indicators.
Firm Size and Sustainable Innovation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Aldieri Luigi , Vinci Concetto Paolo
Published: May 2019

This paper explores the relationship between firm size and sustainable innovation in large international firms. To this end, we develop a labor demand framework. The contribution to the literature is to explore external knowledge in determining the employment impact of sustainable innovation. Our investigation is based on firms in three economic areas: Europe, Japan, and the United States. In this way, we will appreciate the extent to which the technological spillovers are important from a geographical perspective. The findings provide evidence of the significance of spillover effects on a firm’s size; however, these effects depend on the spillover stock type.
Performance Management Assessment Model for Sustainable Development
Authors: Fechete Flavia , Nedelcu Anisor
Published: May 2019

Achieving performance is the premise of an organization’s existence on the market. Performance may be achieved by optimal administration of resources, in order to ensure not only short-term but also long-term efficacy. In this sense, performance and sustainability have common support. A sustainable enterprise is, implicitly, a performing enterprise. To be performing or to be able to support sustainable development implies the concern for simultaneous achievement of three categories of objectives: Economic-financial, social and environmental. Therefore, performance measurement requires a global vision of what the entity’s performance means. Thus, the present paper has the major objective of determining the global performance within industrial systems, by indicators that are mainly used to assess the sustainability aspects of the manufacturing systems. Indicators, such as manufacturing costs, quality of manufacturing, energy consumption, personal motivation, and safety, were correlated by an advanced multicriterial analysis. The created model presents the novelty that it provides a total score for performance, allowing to highlight risk areas and to set up improvement measures. The model is an important tool for optimizing the planning processes in order to reduce the consumption of energy, materials or water.
Effect of the Addition of Natural Rice Bran Oil on the Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological and Viscoelastic Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)
Authors: Righetti Maria Cristina , Cinelli Patrizia , Mallegni Norma , Massa Carlo Andrea , Irakli Maria , Lazzeri Andrea
Published: May 2019

For the first time in this study, the utilization of rice bran oil (RBO) as possible totally eco-friendly plasticizer for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been investigated. For comparison, the behavior of soybean oil (SO) has also been analyzed. Both oils are not completely miscible with PLA. However, certain compatibility exists between PLA and (i) RBO and (ii) SO, because demixing is not complete. Although not totally miscible, RBO and SO are able to reduce the viscosity of the PLA+RBO and PLA+SO mixtures, which attests that a small amount of RBO or SO can be successfully added to PLA to improve its processability. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the PLA+RBO and PLA+SO mixtures exhibit trends typical of plasticizer-polymer systems. More interestingly, RBO was found to accelerate the growth of PLA α’-crystals at a low crystallization temperature. This feature is appealing, because the α’-phase presents lower elastic modulus and higher permeability to water vapor in comparison to the α-phase, which grows at high temperatures. Thus, this study demonstrates that the addition of RBO to PLA in small percentages is a useful solution for a faster preparation of PLA materials containing mainly the α’-phase.
Assessing Polycentric Urban Development in Mountainous Cities: The Case of Chongqing Metropolitan Area, China
Authors: Liu Yong , Fan Peilei , Yue Wenze , Huang Jingnan , Li Dong , Tian Zongshun
Published: May 2019

Mountainous settlements accommodate nearly one tenth of the world’s population. Most mountainous cities have adopted the strategy of polycentric urban development due to an asymmetric geography, which has received little attention from mainstream research. To fill the research gap, we proposed an analytical framework and conducted a multi-dimensional measurement of polycentricity. Taking Chongqing for the case study, this work confirmed that polycentricity is morphological and functional in mountainous cities. Polycentricity is believed to be particularly applicable to mountainous and water-rich landscapes, leading to an appropriate, balanced distribution and the strong multi-directional connectivity of urban nodes. This characteristic may partly result from natural determinism and long-term planning adaptation, complementary to market forces. Policy implications for planning such as avoiding excessive encroachment on natural barriers and increasing functional linkage in newly established subcenters were also proposed.
Permission-Based Separation of Duty in Dynamic Role-Based Access Control Model
Authors: Aftab Muhammad Umar , Qin Zhiguang , Hundera Negalign Wake , Ariyo Oluwasanmi , Zakria  , Son Ngo Tung , Dinh Tran Van
Published: May 2019

A major development in the field of access control is the dominant role-based access control (RBAC) scheme. The fascination of RBAC lies in its enhanced security along with the concept of roles. In addition, attribute-based access control (ABAC) is added to the access control models, which is famous for its dynamic behavior. Separation of duty (SOD) is used for enforcing least privilege concept in RBAC and ABAC. Moreover, SOD is a powerful tool that is used to protect an organization from internal security attacks and threats. Different problems have been found in the implementation of SOD at the role level. This paper discusses that the implementation of SOD on the level of roles is not a good option. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid access control model to implement SOD on the basis of permissions. The first part of the proposed model is based on the addition of attributes with dynamic characteristics in the RBAC model, whereas the second part of the model implements the permission-based SOD in dynamic RBAC model. Moreover, in comparison with previous models, performance and feature analysis are performed to show the strength of dynamic RBAC model. This model improves the performance of the RBAC model in terms of time, dynamicity, and automatic permissions and roles assignment. At the same time, this model also reduces the administrator’s load and provides a flexible, dynamic, and secure access control model.
A Multiobjective Integer Linear Programming Model for the Cross-Track Line Planning Problem in the Chinese High-Speed Railway Network
Authors: Han Peiwen , Nie Lei , Fu Huiling , Gong Yantao , Wang Gang
Published: May 2019

In China, cross-track high-speed trains (CTHSTs) play an important role in railway passenger transportation, with an increasing number of cross-track passengers sourced from the expansion of high-speed railway (HSR) network. The CTHST generally has long travel times, so running CTHSTs is not beneficial for train rescheduling work and plan’s periodicity in the periodic operation context. Thus, the main challenge in cross-track line planning is looking for a symmetry point between passenger transportation and disadvantages of running CTHSTs, which are two conflicting aspects. In this study, we developed a multiobjective integer programming model to produce a balanced cross-track line plan by combining individual-track high-speed trains (ITHSTs) into CTHSTs, which is a discrete optimization problem. This strikes a balance among four goals: the periodicity of the line plan, CTHST quantity, CTHST mileage, and CTHST stops in the context of periodic operation, while satisfying the constraints of passenger demand and the number of available ITHSTs. Numerical experiments are conducted based on a real-world network and optimal solutions were quickly obtained. We analyzed impacts of each goal and parameter on the result and influencing factors of computation. Comparisons with existing methods and real-life plans were also presented to show improvements made by proposed model.
Performance Simulation and Assessment of an Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Technology in a Densely Populated Growing City in a Developing Country: A Case Study in Vientiane, Laos
Authors: Khattiyavong Chanthephar , Lee Han Soo
Published: May 2019

The fast-growing population in Vientiane, the capital of Laos, has resulted in increasing domestic wastewater generation, which directly impacts the urban water environment due to the lack of a suitable wastewater treatment system. This study aims to assess six wastewater treatment alternatives based on two technologies—trickling filter and activated sludge—used for on-site, decentralized, and centralized wastewater treatment systems to support decision-making for selecting the most suitable and practical alternative for wastewater treatment in Vientiane. To determine the most appropriate treatment system, the wastewater treatment process simulation with BioWin and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method are applied to assess the removal efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS), as well as to rank the six wastewater treatment technologies based on the following four environmental criteria: (1) land requirement, (2) electricity use, (3) sludge production, and (4) CO2 emissions. The BioWin results illustrate that the capacity of each alternative is similar in terms of domestic wastewater treatment efficiency, while differing in terms of environmental impacts. In addition, the alternative ranking shows that a centralized wastewater treatment system with a trickling-filter process is more suitable than on-site and decentralized wastewater treatment systems based on their environmental impacts. This finding provides evidence for decision-makers to select a suitable alternative for wastewater treatment in order to promote access to safe sanitation and sustainable urban wastewater management in Vientiane, Laos.
Flood Hazard Scenarios of the Sirba River (Niger): Evaluation of the Hazard Thresholds and Flooding Areas
Authors: Massazza Giovanni , Tamagnone Paolo , Wilcox Catherine , Belcore Elena , Pezzoli Alessandro , Vischel Theo , Panthou Gérémy , Housseini Ibrahim Mohamed , Tiepolo Maurizio , Tarchiani Vieri , Rosso Maurizio
Published: May 2019

In Sahelian countries, a vast number of people are still affected every year by flood despite the efforts to prevent or mitigate these catastrophic events. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the incessant population growth and the increase of extreme natural events. Hence, the development of flood management strategies such as flood hazard mapping and Early Warning Systems has become a crucial objective for the affected nations. This study presents a comprehensive hazard assessment of the Nigerien reach of the Sirba River, the main tributary Middle Niger River. Hazard thresholds were defined both on hydrological analysis and field effects, according to national guidelines. Non-stationary analyses were carried out to consider changes in the hydrological behavior of the Sirba basin over time. Data from topographical land surveys and discharge gauges collected during the 2018 dry and wet seasons were used to implement the hydraulic numerical model of the analyzed reach. The use of the proposed hydraulic model allowed the delineation of flood hazard maps as well the calculation of the flood propagation time from the upstream hydrometric station and the validation of the rating curves of the two gauging sites. These significative outcomes will allow the implementation of the Early Warning System for the river flood hazard and risk reduction plans preparation for each settlement.
Kekerasan Terhadap Istri dalam Lingkup Domestik
Authors: Panjaitan Firman
Published: May 2019

Domestic violence becomes the actual discussion, and generally the victim is the wife. Many things need to be done in efforts to minimize domestic violence, and one of them is to develop a Christian ethical attitude to answer this crucial problem. This paper talks about how Christian ethics in response to the phenomenon of violence against wives at the same time offers a way out for the problem.Key Words: Domestic violence, victim, Christian Ethic AbstrakKekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) menjadi diskusi aktual, dan umumnya korban adalah istri. Banyak hal yang perlu dilakukan dalam upaya meminimalkan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, dan salah satunya adalah dengan mengembangkan sikap Etis Kristen untuk menjawab masalah krusial ini. Makalah ini berbicara tentang bagaimana sikap Etika Kristen dalam menanggapi fenomena kekerasan terhadap istri, dan pada saat yang sama menawarkan jalan keluar untuk masalah ini.Kata kunci: Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, Korban, Etika Kristen
Peranan Pendidikan Keluarga Tentang Kekudusan Hidup Menurut Roma 12:1-2
Authors: Nugroho Widhi Arief
Published: May 2019

The active role of family and parents is a effort that directly provides socialization to children and also creates a home and church environment as the first social environment for children. Children become the most important thing that must be considered by the family, in their lives the child needs special attention from parents, both father and mother, because family is the first place to receive children born in the world. Not only is the family a place where children learn to live, namely from the beginning of the way to eat until the child learns to live in the community. In reality researchers observe a lot of free sex among teenagers. They assume that sex is not a taboo and holy thing.Keywords: Family education, life holiness, Romans
«Беспилотник» в фугоидном полете
Authors: Silkov V. , Zhevtiuk A. , Vorobiev N.
Published: May 2019

В статье рассмотрены особенности устойчивости полета беспилотного летательного апарата (БпЛА) по скорости, обоснованы критерии и границы устойчивого полета, приведены показатели фугоидного движения БпЛА. Устойчивость рассматривалась в двух практически важных режимах полета: в крейсерском полете по заданному маршруту и в свободном движении при невмешательстве оператора в управление. Показаны особенности полета на первых и вторых режимах, обоснованы причины потери устойчивости, разработаны рекомендации по выводу летательного аппарата из критической ситуации на безопасные скорости.
Consistency and certainty of the road marking system as a subject of protection based on the offence law. Analysis of the characteristics of the offence from article 85 § 1 of offence code.
Authors: Kozłowska Małgorzata Klaudia
Published: May 2019

Nowadays when the road infrastructure rapidly expands as well as the traffic, the correct road markings are of a vital importance in ensuring safety and efficiency of this traffic. Negligible number of road incidents caused by incorrect road markings results in treating quality and certainty of those markings as being of less importance. Thus, such an important issue is to ensure effective, criminal law protection of the legal interests which is a stable and reliable system of road markings. Polish legislator adopted as a subject of individual protection on the basis of code of offence inviolability of road signs and signals, and what stands behind it - stability and certainty of the road markings system.
Road markings; Inviolability of road marks and signals; Road infrastructure
The Analysis of Threats Arising from the Relations of Dangerous Cargoes and the Rail-Road Infrastructure Illustrated by the Case of Selected Regions of Poland
Authors: Matuszak Zbigniew , Michaluk Agnieszka , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Stokłosa Józef , Zielonka Karol
Published: May 2019

On the example of south-eastern region of Poland (Zamość district), the study characterized the transportation of dangerous cargos via rail-road infrastructure in this area. It presented a general road and rail infrastructure in this region. In selected period of time, it shows the amount of transported dangerous cargos. Moreover, it characterized type of transported loads and directions (relations) of these cargos. It presents the amount of cargos transported via road and rail means of transport. It indicated places of transshipment / unloading of dangerous goods, such workplaces as in the Zamość district with accumulated goods.
Youth and transport on the periphery – the image and using of local passengers transport of young people journey in Wschowa county (Lubuskie Voivodeship)
Authors: Suszczewicz Michał
Published: May 2019

The article is a view of transport from young people point from peripheral area, located out of reach the agglomeration communication system. The research analysis based on survey shows what elements of passengers carriers are the most important in young’s people journey from main city or other localities preferences. The conclusions indicate that the intensity of this group journeys is based on transportation net and frequency of bus courses relate with settlement network (near big towns), not with recently administrative division. The article shows the inequality of journeys from main city and other locations, the process of deregulation in local passengers transport market and progressive disproportion in transport accessibility in that peripheral region.
The role of car in urban travels of residents of Gdynia in 2015 in the light of the results of marketing research
Authors: Hebel Katarzyna , Wołek Marcin , Wyszomirski Olgierd
Published: May 2019

The article describes the methodology of the research studies on the preferences and travel behavior carried out in Gdynia in 2015. The results of these studies are presented in ranges of the declared and actual way of travel, the reasons of choosing a car and public transport in urban travel and travel time. These results were the basis for identifying the role of car in urban travel of residents of Gdynia.
Dampak Keberadaan Obyek Wisata Lok Laga Ria Terhadap Perekonomian Keluarga Di Sekitar Obyek Wisata Kecamatan Haruyan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah (Studi Pada Pedagang Sektor Informal)
Authors: Marliani Gusti , Adi Saputra Rifky Gunawan
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris mengenai dampak keberadaan obyek wisata Lok Laga Ria terhadap perekonomian keluarga pedagang kecil di sekitar obyek wisata di Kecamatan Haruyan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pedagang kecil di sekitar obyek wisata Lok Laga Ria Kecamatan Haruyan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 76 orang dan yang dijadikan sampel penelitiannya dengan jumlah 64 orang. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel terikat (dependent variable) yang disimbol kan dengan (Y), yaitu perekonomian keluarga pedagang kecil yang indikatornya meliputi: peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga (Y1.1), peluang usaha dan kerja (Y1.2), dan perubahan mata pencaharian (Y1.3) dan variabel bebas (independent variable) yang disimbolkan dengan (X) , yaitu pengaruh obyek wisata Lok Laga Ria yang indikatornya meliputi: pelayanan wisata (X1.1), sarana transportasi (X1.2) dan keamanan (X1.3). Untuk menentukan ada tidaknya pengaruh dari variabel independen (X) terhadap variabel dependen (Y) digunakan model analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa variabel Obyek Wisata Lok Laga Ria (X) pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Perekonomian Keluarga Pedagang Kecil disekitar Obyek Wisata di Kecamatan Haruyan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah (Y). Koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 0,912 yang berarti bahwa variabel independen : variabel pengaruh obyek wisata Lok Laga Ria (X) mempunyai kontribusi sebesar 91.2% terhadap variabel dependen : variabel perekonomian keluarga pedagang kecil di sekitar obyek wisata (Y), sedangkan sisanya adalah 8,8% diberikan oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Hasil persamaan regresi yang didapat adalah Y = 2,787 + 0,951X. Kata Kunci : obyek wisata, perekonomian keluarga, pedagang kecil
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Tahun Anggaran 2014-2016
Authors: Yasrie Arfie
Published: May 2019

The study was conducted to analyze the financial performance of the local government of Kalimantan Selatan Province in last three years (2014-2016) with a ratio analysis of financial independence, effectiveness and efficiency of the PAD, the ratio of routine expenditure to total expenditure, the ratio of development expenditure to total expenditure, growth ratios, as well as aspects of the analysis financing. Keywords : Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, APBD, Income, Spending, Financial
ALTERAÇÕES POSTURAIS EM ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Ferreira Scotti Ana , France Nunes dos Santos Ingrid , Duarte Corrêa Soares Priscilla , Almeida Duarte de Sousa Árlen , Danilo Soares Wellington
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as possíveis alterações posturais em estudantes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Montes Claros – MG. Método: Trata de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, quantitativo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por escolares com idade entre12 a 14 anos, ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculados na rede municipal de ensino. Participarão da pesquisa 2 turmas, sendo 35 alunos do 6 º ano e 35 alunos do 7º anos do ensino fundamental, totalizado 70 alunos. Resultados: A alteração mais frequente avaliando membros superiores foi a clavícula 28,6% aumentada à direita. E de membros inferiores à alteração mais frequente foi na altura das mãos que foi de 71,4% que ressaltou como esquerdo mais alto. Pode ter como causa escoliose ou hiperlordose. Conclusão: Apesar de ser difícil prever qual alteração postural irá progredir, a avaliação do estudante durante o período de crescimento, demonstrou ser essencial para o diagnóstico precoce e prevenção.
FATORES QUE MOTIVAM A DESISTÊNCIA DA PRÁTICA COMPETITIVA DO TÊNIS DE CAMPO
Authors: Barbosa Anversa Ana Luiza , Cristina Arantes da Costa Luciane , Solera Bruna , Henrique da Silva Paulo , Vicentini de Oliveira Daniel
Published: May 2019

O esporte competitivo tem se consolidado como sendo uma possibilidade de superar os limites corporais, promover ascensão social e econômica dos praticantes. Nesse cenário as modalidades competitivas tem se evidenciado de forma crescente na atualidade, a exemplo pode-se citar o tênis de campo, considerado um esporte cuja prática está atrelada ao ambiente social, a fatores socioeconômicos e a diversidade e complexidade motora para a execução dos seus movimentos uma vez que exige a integração de diferentes características fisiológicas e psicológicas, entretanto, esse contexto distância os jovens dessa prática, levando ao abandono  precoce da prática competitiva da modalidade. Tendo esse conhecimento pesquisa realizada objetivou analisar os fatores que motivam jovens atletas de tênis de campo a desistirem da prática competitiva da modalidade. Para tanto, adotou-se a metodologia quantitativa do tipo descritiva. Participaram 20 atletas, com média de idade de 19,6 3,24 anos. Utilizou-se o Inventário dos Fatores de Abandono, adaptado para o contexto da modalidade. Para análise foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Os resultados encontrados indicam que as principais causas que levam ao abandono daprática competitiva do tênis de campo estão ligadas aos fatores econômicos, tendo interferência direta na falta de patrocínio além desses fatores, destacaram-se os prejuízos nos estudos, níveis elevados de estresse, auto cobrança excessiva com relação ao desempenho, intensidade nos treinamentos, necessidades individual de conhecer e praticar outras modalidades, espaço físico de treinamento inadequado e por fim, frustração com os resultados tidos como não-sucesso. Como fatores com menor influencia nesse processo de desistência destacaram-se dificuldades sociais e de trabalho coletivo, dificuldades   elacionamento com técnico, preferência por outros esportes, falta de apoio dos pais e poucas competições. Nota-se que dos diversos fatores que levam aa desistência da prática competitiva, estão em geral atrelados a fatores extrínsecos a sua prática.
PROFISSIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Revista Eletrônica Nacional de Educação Física  , Adriano Goulart Santana Rodolfo , Dias Antunes Mateus , Roberto Antunes José , Vicentini de Oliveira Daniel
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar o papel do profissional de educação física no Sistema único de saúde (SUS) brasileiro. No Brasil, os esforçospara se criar e executar um sistema de saúde universal, que seja acessível e de qualidade para todos, vem sendo debatido e reformulado ao longo dos anos. As manifestações corporais e esportivas distribuídas entre atividades e exercícios físicos sistematizados dentro do SUS, são de suma importância para a melhora nos aspectos que envolvem a qualidade de vida da população, visto que devido ao aumento da demanda de doenças crônicas, os serviços básicos de saúde precisaram se adequar alterando algumas estratégias intervencionais visando ações objetivas com resultados positivos em relação a saúde da população. Diante disso, o SUS por meio de ações e estratégias, tem procurado ampliar e desenvolver intervenções relacionadas à Educação Física como tratamento preventivo de algumas doenças crônicas, evidenciando um papel de grande importância do profissional de Educação Física. Contudo, apesar da imensurável importância da educação física na contribuição para a manutenção da saúde da população, é preciso mencionar as dificuldades que o profissional encontra para se qualificar e entrar nesse mercado de trabalho, muitas vezes desenvolvendo seus conhecimentos e sistematizando  seus métodos com escassez de matérias e espaços e pouquíssimos recursos financeiros que poderiam ser investidos a fim de melhorar a intervenção do profissional de educação física no SUS.
FATORES DETERMINANTES DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS E O PAPEL DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO COMO FORMA DE PREVENÇÃO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Geamonond Nunes Leonardo
Published: May 2019

A queda é definida como um acontecimento não intencional, tendo como consequência a mudança de posição do indivíduo a um nível mais baixo, proporcionando um alto impacto na saúde dos idosos. Para produção da seleção desta revisão, foram realizadas buscas em bibliotecas da área de ciências biológicas como Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Foram utilizados os descritores em português: “Acidentes por quedas”, “Exercício” e “Idosos”. Durante a busca, houve o cruzamento combinado dessas palavras, fazendo usos do operador boleano “AND”. Foram aplicados filtros como: amostra composta por idosos, idioma somente em português e somente artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2017. Foram selecionados sete artigos para a leitura final e destes 42,86% (n=3) foram publicados em 2012. Com relação aos fatores determinantes para quedas, o baixo equilíbrio com 23,08% (n=3) foi o mais presente. Baixa mobilidade e baixa força de membros inferiores foram relatados duas vezes nos artigos (15,39%). Fatores extrínsecos como tropeço e escorregão foram mencionados uma vez nos estudos (7,69%). Sobre o papel do exercício físico, os principais benefícios relatados foram aumento da força, citado quatro vezes (33,3%) e favorecimento no equilíbrio foi citado duas vezes (16,7%). Segundo os tipos de atividades aplicadas nos estudos, três tipos de treinamentos foram mencionados, o treinamento de força foi o mais mencionado, cinco vezes (35,71%) seguido de atividades de alongamentos e equilíbrio que foram relatadas três vezes (14,28%). As quedas ocorrem por diversas causas e ter conhecimento sobre seus fatores e possíveis intervenções realizadas de forma adequada, pode ser uma boa estratégia na redução de quedas em idosos.