bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias discursivas de las instituciones públicas en la web: nuevas formas de comunicar las políticas públicas
Authors: Martínez Romagosa Maite , Zukerfeld Gilda Lucía
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto UBACyT que se propone estudiar las transformaciones en los sistemas semióticos de las prácticas políticas en la Argentina pos 2001.Creemos que el uso de nuevas plataformas para la distribución de información y la interacción entre las instituciones públicas y los ciudadanos ha dado lugar a modificaciones que afectan tanto al funcionamiento de las mismas instituciones como a la constitución de la ciudadanía. Si bien estos cambios han sido estudiados desde otras ciencias sociales, no se ha focalizado en los cambios en el uso lingüístico desde una perspectiva discursiva. En particular, en este trabajo nos interesa indagar en las prácticas comunicacionales de las instituciones gubernamentales, que llamaremos, con algunos autores (Agar, 1985; Iedema, 1998; Wodak, 1997), discurso institucional.Sostenemos que el Análisis del Discurso nos permite acceder a los contenidos de las representaciones sociales (Raiter, 2016) y observar los cambios discursivos y la lucha por la acentuación de los signos (Voloshinov, 2009). Nos interesa en particular estudiar cómo los cambios en los textos y en las prácticas discursivas pueden anticipar cambios en la clasificación de sectores de la sociedad y en las prácticas sociales (Fairclough, 1992).Nuestro corpus de análisis está conformado por las páginas de inicio de dos sitios web que dependen del Gobierno de la Nación Argentina y del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, respectivamente, en los que se presentan lineamientos de políticas públicas que llaman a la “participación” de la ciudadanía mediante plataformas digitales
Juan Luis Carrellán (Editor). La Guerra Civil Española: Estudios y reflexiones desde Chile. Santiago, Bicentenario, 2018
Authors: Ramos Rodríguez Froilán J.
Published: March 2021

Reseña del Libro:Juan Luis Carrellán (Editor). La Guerra Civil Española: Estudios y reflexiones desde Chile. Santiago, Bicentenario, 2018.
Antropología de las Ruinas. Desestabilización y fragmento
Authors: Márquez Francisca , Bustamante Javiera , Pinochet Carla
Published: March 2021

Este artículo elabora, a modo de ensayo, algunos avances teóricos de un proyecto de investigación sobre ruinas urbanas en tres ciudades de América Latina, y analiza la noción de ruinas en tanto espacios de articulación de materialidades, temporalidades y agencias diversas. La hipótesis señala que, en tanto artefacto cultural, esto es, manifestación de la actividad humana creativa, la ruina molesta e incomoda porque desordena y desestabiliza los preceptos del progreso urbano, confrontándolo y tensionando a la ciudad en sus pretensiones de futuro. El texto se organiza en el análisis de tres dimensiones: a) las fuerzas de la naturaleza y la cultura; b) las latencias del pasado y las configuraciones del presente; c) y las agencias diferenciadas que relevan el carácter histórico y político de la ruina. Se sostiene que en el proceso de transformación, nunca acabado, del escombro a la ruina y de la ruina al escombro, los procesos de modernización, progreso y urbanización son resistidos y subvertidos. Finalmente, ofrecemos algunas reflexiones finales que ayudan a imaginar una “antropología de las ruinas”, que permita aproximarse a su complejidad desde una perspectiva relativista, crítica y comprensiva.
La Academia como Territorio: Reflexiones sobre Epistemologías Indígenas e Investigación
Authors: Llanes-Ortiz Genner
Published: March 2021

Mi contribución a este volumen tiene que ver con reflexiones que seguramente muchas y muchos investigadores indígenas hemos hecho antes. Sin embargo, espero nos inspire a seguir pensando y explorando juntos y juntas lo que significa hacer investigación desde Abiayala. Y más aún, lo que significa hacer investigación en colaboración, en diálogo y, hasta cierto punto, en complicidad con nuestros pueblos. Así que, de lo que quiero hablarles, es del acto de reivindicar a la academia también como un territorio del quehacer indígena.
Dialogando la dignidad y hacia otra academia: entrevista al profesor Felipe Gómez Isa de la Universidad de Deusto, País Vasco y profesor Ricardo Salas Astrain de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile
Authors: Sanchez De Jaegher Carolina
Published: March 2021

En esta entrevista los profesores Felipe Gómez Isa y Ricardo Salas Astraín reflexionan a través de un camino crítico que va floreciendo a través de propuestas enriquecedoras con respecto a los desafíos que la academia enfrenta en este siglo. Desde el marco del derecho internacional, la filosofía intercultural y el modelo universitario occidental desarrollado desde el siglo XVI, se emprende un diálogo que va al centro de los presupuestos científicos actuales y la manera en que éstos están siendo interpelados desde otras ecologías de saberes. De la entrevista se desprende la necesidad de una revisión completa del curriculum universitario para dar cuenta de una realidad holística que sea más coherente con el pluriverso humano, en todos sus ámbitos académicos, desde los derechos humanos e indígenas hasta la manera de hacer ciencia y orientar la praxis. En un momento de transiciones muy fuertes y de creciente deterioro de nuestra casa común, el planeta Tierra, esta entrevista a dos intelectuales ofrece un bálsamo dialogante y nos hace reflexionar sobre numerosos aspectos del trabajo en co-laboración y forjando una comunidad de saberes con los pueblos indígenas.
Dispositivo de evaluación educacional y gubernamentalidad en Chile: los orígenes (1844-1970)
Authors: Ramos Zincke Claudio , Falabella Ambrosio Alejandra
Published: March 2021

El dispositivo de evaluación es una tecnología clave para la gubernamentalidad o “conducción de la conducta” en el ámbito de la educación. Al respecto, los estudios de los últimos años enfatizan especialmente la asociación de los mecanismos de evaluación educacional con el mercado y los procesos político-institucionales iniciados en los años 1980. No obstante, existe un largo recorrido previo, que antecede la introducción del neoliberalismo en educación. Este artículo examina esa génesis desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta 1970. Exhibe los procedimientos de vigilancia y registro de la actividad educacional en el siglo XIX y el creciente uso de la calculabilidad estadística y los conocimientos científicos, que adquieren un rol crucial desde las primeras décadas del siglo XX, hasta llegar a una configuración integral del dispositivo a fines de los años 1960. En esta trayectoria hay luchas y cuestionamientos reiterados, pero finalmente se estabiliza un dispositivo marcado por la centralización estatal, una gran confianza en la ciencia, expresada particularmente en la psicometría y medición educacional, y un uso masificado de las evaluaciones estandarizadas. Cuando, en la década de los 1980, se instauran las políticas de mercado en la educación, este dispositivo ya se encontraba prefigurado en sus elementos fundamentales. Bajo el gobierno de Frei Montalva, en el marco de la planificación educacional, se había constituido un dispositivo que estaba listo para funcionar y guiar la intervención en el sistema educacional. Si no se puso en operaciones antes de los años ochenta, esto fue inicialmente por limitaciones tecnológicas y, después, por contingencias políticas, no por oposición al mecanismo.La investigación se basa en el examen de una extensa recopilación de documentos del período (leyes, documentos oficiales, discursos, estudios, prensa escrita, entre otros), sumado a entrevistas de informantes claves.
¿Un psicoanálisis con los y las trabajadoras? Sobre el libro de Wlosko y Ros (Eds.) El Trabajo entre el placer y el sufrimiento: aportes desde la Psicodinámica del Trabajo
Authors: Matamala Pizarro José
Published: March 2021

Se reseña el libro “El trabajo: entre el placer y el sufrimiento. Aportes desde la psicodinámica del trabajo” compilado y editado por las Doctoras Miriam Wlosko y Cecilia Ross de la Universidad de Lanús, Argentina. En la reseña, se exponen los aportes del libro, se discuten con algunas experiencias realizadas en Chile, se comentan los capítulos y conferencias incluidos y se termina por concluir que el libro viene a contribuir a los estudios del trabajo en Latinoamérica e invita a pensar una práctica clínica-investigativa en el trabajo con los y las trabajadoras.
FINANCIAL LITERACY OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF CONSUMPTION SECTOR IN PROBOLINGGO CITY
Authors: Utami Elok Sri , Aprilia Mega Rizky , Putra Ihrom Caesar Ananta
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe financial literacy, use of technology and financial behavior with the performance of MSMEs Consumption Sector in Probolinggo City, with 51 MSMEs that have been operating 3 years to become a research sample. Data obtained from questionnaire were used combination of dichotomus and Likert scale to know level of financial literacy among SMEs owner in Probolinggo City, use of technology and financial behavior. The result of this study indicate that a medium level of financial literacy among SMEs owner in Probolinggo City. The MSME owners have not used technology maximally to help business activities. The MSME owners have shown responsibility of financial behavior so it can improve the performance of  MSMEs.
Evacuation Safety and Time in Apartment using Egress Simulation
Authors: Lee Jaehoon , Yuan Tian-Feng , Choi Jin-Seok , Yoon Youngsoo
Published: March 2021

The special act for the management of disasters in super high-rise buildings and complex buildings with underground connections included the installation of a certain area of evacuation safety layer within 30 floors for high-rise buildings. However, for high-rise buildings with 30 stories or less, there is no separate regulation for evacuation safety floors. For high-rise apartments with less than 30 stories that do not have regulations for evacuation safety floors, an underground parking lot can be designated as a refuge shelter-in-place (SIP). This study aims to provide an optimal evacuation plan for evacuation simulations in high-rise apartments. This plan will ensure that the occupants are safely evacuated to the refuge SIP within a minimum timeframe. Evacuation simulations are conducted to establish an optimum evacuation plan. This is because there could be delays in the evacuation time as well as human casualties when evacuating to a SIP using stairs for the elderly and the disabled. Therefore, the elderly and the disabled use elevators to evacuate. The scenarios in this study were simulated on the basis of the number of occupants, the speed of the elevator, the number of evacuation stairs as SIP escape routes, and whether the elevator was used.
A Study on the Derivation Method of Damage Range to Determine Reaction in Trichlorosilane Leak Accidents
Authors: Jeon Byeonghan , Kim Hyunsub
Published: March 2021

In this study, we aimed to derive a formula for calculating the damage impact range using KORA, in the event of an accidental leakage of trichlorosilane (TCS), with simple information on the site to swiftly inform the decision to evacuate residents. TCS release rate, temperature, and dike height were selected as the variables, and an equation to calculate the damage impact range was derived through the regression analysis of the range using KORA. Based on the result it was seen that the damage range in the absence of dike has high correlation (p<0.05) in the order of TCS release rate and temperature, with an explanatory power of about 97%. The damage impact range in the presence of dike was found to have high correlation (p<0.05) to TCS release rate, dike height, and temperature, respectively, with an explanatory power of about 92~93%.
A Review of the Possibility of Assessment Indicators for Natural Disaster Risk Analysis through Expert Survey
Authors: Kim Keumji , Hwang Jeonggeun , Kim Gahui , Jung Dojoon
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather due to climate change has increased the possibility of potential danger across the world. Additionally, South Korea has been consistently exposed to disaster risk. Studies on the prediction of damage from natural disasters are critical for the government and local governments to formulate disaster recovery policies. However, the scope of risk analysis evaluation indicators currently utilized by the relevant organizations comprises limitations, as there are no consistent standards for indicator selection. From this viewpoint, this study selected 118 surrogate indicators, including indicators frequently used in previous studies, and conducted a survey with 52 experts in the disaster field to examine the possibility of use of these indicators. As a result of the expert survey, 37 indicators were analyzed as “very appropriate” and 54 indicators were analyzed as “appropriate” regarding their possibility of use. Finally, we suggested four natural disaster risk assessment methods, which can be used in policymaking by the government and local governments in the future.
Systematic Review of Outcomes and Patient Experience With Virtual Care in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Han Lily , Hazlewood Glen S. , Barnabe Cheryl , Barber Claire E. H.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To conduct a systematic review on patient outcomes of virtual care compared to conventional care in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including disease activity and patient experience.

Methods

A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed from database inception to March 19, 2020. Observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) describing the use of RA virtual care supplanting conventional visits and reporting on disease activity and/or patient experience were included. A narrative synthesis of results was conducted, as a meta‐analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity of study designs and outcome reporting.

Results

A total of 352 studies were identified, and 6 were selected for final inclusion: 3 RCTs and 3 observational studies. Disease activity and patient experience were comparable between virtual and conventional care models. In addition, 1 RCT found no difference in observed outcomes between virtual care delivered by a rheumatologist and by a rheumatology nurse. Virtual care was found to have additional benefits for improved treatment adherence, maintenance of functional status, and quality of life. The overall risk of bias was low in 2 of 3 RCTs, but high in the observational studies. Study quality was limited by incomplete data reporting, lack of sample size justification, and sufficient timeframe to assess objectives.

Conclusion

Limited evidence exists that virtual RA care is an acceptable alternative to conventional care, maintaining comparable patient outcomes and experience of care. Additional research into effective implementation strategies and long‐term health system and patient outcomes of virtual care are needed.
Al2O3–TiO2 Codoped Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings Resistant to Damage by Molten Calcium‐Magnesium‐Alumino‐Silicate (CMAS) Glass
Authors: Yuan Ke , Yang Li , Wang Qiang , Zhang Fan , Zhu Wang , Zhou Yichun
Published: March 2021

Calcium‐magnesium‐alumino‐silicate (CMAS) corrosion is one of the main challenges for thermal barrier coatings applications. The main purpose of the current work is to investigate the CMAS resistance of doping of Al2O3–TiO2 codoped yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Herein, the ceramic powders and pressed plates of YSZ doped with different Al2O3 and TiO2 (referred to as ATYSZ) are prepared to determine the optimum composition. The results show that the YSZ doped with 10 mol% Al2O3 and 5 mol% TiO2 (10A5TYSZ) can effectively resist the CMAS corrosion and has suitable thermal conductivity. Therefore, the coatings of 7YSZ and 10A5TYSZ are produced by using air plasma spraying (APS). The characteristics of 7YSZ and 10A5TYSZ coatings attacked by CMAS at 1250 °C are measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectra, which shows that the CMAS corrosion resistance of 10A5TYSZ coating is better than 7YSZ coating due to the formation of anorthite. The anorthite can increase the melting point of CMAS and block the penetration channel of CMAS, which can effectively prevent the further penetration of CMAS and alleviate the premature failure of TBCs. 10A5TYSZ is considered as a promising coating to improve the performance of CMAS resistance.
Stable and Bright Pyridine Manganese Halides for Efficient White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Guangcai , Xu Bin , Wang Aifei , Guo Yan , Wu Jiajing , Muhammad Faheem , Meng Wen , Wang Chuying , Sui Shiqi , Liu Yao , Li Yacong , Zhang Ye , Zhou Yugang , Deng Zhengtao
Published: March 2021

Highly efficient lead halide perovskites with tunable emission performance have become new candidate materials for light‐emitting devices and displays; however, the toxicity of lead and instability of halide perovskites greatly limits their application. Herein, rapid and large‐scale synthesis of highly emissive organic–inorganic manganese halide perovskites, (C5H6N)2MnBr4 and C5H6NMnCl3, are presented by a one‐pot solution‐based method, of which (C5H6N)2MnBr4 displays a high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (95%) in the solid‐state. The developed (C5H6N)2MnBr4 perovskite noticeably exhibits high stability. Therefore both as‐synthesized green and red emissive manganese‐based phosphors with superior optical properties are used to fabricate blue light pumped white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs), displaying excellent quality white light with a high color rendering index value of 91 and a correlated color temperature of 5331 K. This study not only presents the robust large‐scale production synthetic approach for organic–inorganic manganese halide perovskites, but also facilitates the development of high‐performance phosphors for future lighting and display technologies.
From Snapshots to Development: Identifying the Gaps in the Development of Stem Cell‐based Embryo Models along the Embryonic Timeline
Authors: Shankar Vinidhra , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Vrij Erik , Giselbrecht Stefan
Published: March 2021

In recent years, stem cell‐based models that reconstruct mouse and human embryogenesis have gained significant traction due to their near‐physiological similarity to natural embryos. Embryo models can be generated in large numbers, provide accessibility to a variety of experimental tools such as genetic and chemical manipulation, and confer compatibility with automated readouts, which permits exciting experimental avenues for exploring the genetic and molecular principles of self‐organization, development, and disease. However, the current embryo models recapitulate only snapshots within the continuum of embryonic development, allowing the progression of the embryonic tissues along a specific direction. Hence, to fully exploit the potential of stem cell‐based embryo models, multiple important gaps in the developmental landscape need to be covered. These include recapitulating the lesser‐explored interactions between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues such as the yolk sac, placenta, and the umbilical cord; spatial and temporal organization of tissues; and the anterior patterning of embryonic development. Here, it is detailed how combinations of stem cells and versatile bioengineering technologies can help in addressing these gaps and thereby extend the implications of embryo models in the fields of cell biology, development, and regenerative medicine.
E‐commerce's fast‐tracking diffusion and adaptation in developing countries
Authors: Reardon Thomas , Belton Ben , Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Lu Liang , Nuthalapati Chandra S. R. , Tasie Oyinkan , Zilberman David
Published: March 2021

E‐commerce is rapidly diffusing in developing regions of the world. Its share is still small even in modern retail, except in the frontrunner China, but it is developing quickly in Asia and Latin America and emerging in Africa. Patterns of diffusion over regions mirror the supermarket revolution but are lagged by several decades. E‐commerce firms employ strategies to “fast‐track” their spread, responding to challenges of high transaction costs, heterogeneous consumers, and persisting importance of retail small and medium enterprises. Over the past 10–15 years, e‐commerce firms in developing regions have fast‐tracked their adaptation to these challenges by bundling services as well as partnering with retail SMEs and delivery intermediaries.
Presacral neuroendocrine tumors associated with the Currarino syndrome
Authors: Scott Aaron T. , Tessmann Jonathon B. , Braun Terry , Brown Bartley , Breheny Patrick J. , Darbro Benjamin W. , Bellizzi Andrew M. , Dillon Joseph S. , O'Dorisio Thomas M. , Alderson Alice , Bennett Bonita , Bernat John A. , Metz David C. , Howe James R.
Published: March 2021

Currarino syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in MNX1 and characterized by anorectal abnormalities, partial sacral agenesis, and presacral masses. The presacral masses are typically benign; however, malignant degeneration can occur, and presacral neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have been reported in six cases. We report three individuals from two families affected by CS in which multiple individuals developed presacral NETs. The first family, 491, had six members with features of CS, including two siblings who presented with presacral, Grade 2 NETs, one of which had metastasized to bone and lymph nodes. A germline c.874C>T (p.Arg292Trp) mutation was found in a highly conserved region of MNX1 in three affected members who underwent sequencing. A second somatic variant/deletion in MNX1 was not detected in either patient's tumor. In the second family, 342, the proband presented with an incidentally discovered presacral NET. The proband's father had previously undergone resection of a presacral NET, and so genetic testing was performed, which did not reveal an MNX1 mutation or copy number variants. The lack of a second, somatic mutation in the tumors from family 491 argues against MNX1 acting as a tumor suppressor, and the absence of a germline MNX1 mutation in family 342 suggests that other genetic and anatomic factors contribute to the development of presacral NETs. These cases highlight the variable presentation of CS, and the potential for malignancy in these patients.
Fermented food consumption in wild nonhuman primates and its ecological drivers
Authors: Amato Katherine R. , Chaves Óscar M. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Eppley Timothy M. , Abreu Filipa , Baden Andrea L. , Barnett Adrian A. , Bicca‐Marques Julio Cesar , Boyle Sarah A. , Campbell Christina J. , Chapman Colin A. , De la Fuente María Fernanda , Fan Pengfei , Fashing Peter J. , Felton Annika , Fruth Barbara , Fortes Vanessa B. , Grueter Cyril C. , Hohmann Gottfried , Irwin Mitchell , Matthews Jaya K. , Mekonnen Addisu , Melin Amanda D. , Morgan David B. , Ostner Julia , Nguyen Nga , Piel Alex K. , Pinacho‐Guendulain Braulio , Quintino‐Arêdes Erika Patricia , Razanaparany Patrick Tojotanjona , Schiel Nicola , Sanz Crickette M. , Schülke Oliver , Shanee Sam , Souto Antonio , Souza‐Alves João Pedro , Stewart Fiona , Stewart Kathrine M. , Stone Anita , Sun Binghua , Tecot Stacey , Valenta Kim , Vogel Erin R. , Wich Serge , Zeng Yan
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Although fermented food use is ubiquitous in humans, the ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to its emergence are unclear. Here we investigated the ecological contexts surrounding the consumption of fruits in the late stages of fermentation by wild primates to provide insight into its adaptive function. We hypothesized that climate, socioecological traits, and habitat patch size would influence the occurrence of this behavior due to effects on the environmental prevalence of late‐stage fermented foods, the ability of primates to detect them, and potential nutritional benefits.

Materials and methods

We compiled data from field studies lasting at least 9 months to describe the contexts in which primates were observed consuming fruits in the late stages of fermentation. Using generalized linear mixed‐effects models, we assessed the effects of 18 predictor variables on the occurrence of fermented food use in primates.

Results

Late‐stage fermented foods were consumed by a wide taxonomic breadth of primates. However, they generally made up 0.01%–3% of the annual diet and were limited to a subset of fruit species, many of which are reported to have mechanical and chemical defenses against herbivores when not fermented. Additionally, late‐stage fermented food consumption was best predicted by climate and habitat patch size. It was more likely to occur in larger habitat patches with lower annual mean rainfall and higher annual mean maximum temperatures.

Discussion

We posit that primates capitalize on the natural fermentation of some fruits as part of a nutritional strategy to maximize periods of fruit exploitation and/or access a wider range of plant species. We speculate that these factors contributed to the evolutionary emergence of the human propensity for fermented foods.
Improving Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Prodrugs through Supramolecular Nanocarriers Based on Recombinant Proteins for Osteosarcoma Treatment
Authors: Wang Shidong , Li Bo , Zhang Hongliang , Chen Jiayin , Sun Xin , Xu Jie , Ren Tingting , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ma Chao , Guo Wei , Liu Kai
Published: March 2021

Supramolecular nanodrug assembly driven by supramolecular chemistry is becoming a powerful strategy for medication. The potential of engineered proteins as building blocks for nanoformulations is rarely investigated. Here, we developed a new generation of recombinant protein‐based nanodrug carriers, which is very efficient for loading and delivering the hydrophobic prodrug aldoxorubicin. Significantly enhanced anti‐tumor effects in osteosarcoma (OS) models were observed. The half‐life of the nanodrug reached almost two days and the corresponding bioavailability increased by 17‐fold. This is significantly superior to other drug counterparts, empowering long‐acting OS treatment scenarios. Importantly, off‐target side effects of the prodrug, including cardiotoxicity and lung‐metastasis, were greatly mitigated with our medication. Thus, our assembly strategy enables the customized design of advanced nanodelivery systems employing broader biomaterial building blocks for cancer therapy.
A Scoping Review of Effective Teaching Strategies in Surface Anatomy
Authors: Abu Bakar Yasrul Izad , Hassan Asma’ , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri , Kasim Fazlina , Abdul Manan @ Sulong Husnaida , Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim
Published: March 2021

To become skilled physicians, medical students must master surface anatomy. However, the study of surface anatomy is less emphasized in medical and allied health science curricula, and the time devoted to direct engagement with the human body is limited. This scoping review was designed to answer one research question: “What are the elements and strategies that are effective in teaching surface anatomy?” The review was performed using a five‐stage scoping review framework, including research question identification, relevant study identification, study selection, data charting, and result collating and reporting. Three databases were searched using two search terms combined with a Boolean operator: “teaching” and “surface anatomy.” The initial pool of 3,294 sources was assessed for duplication, and study eligibility was evaluated using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were abstracted from 26 original articles by one researcher and verified by two other researchers. A thematic analysis was performed, and several elements of effective teaching strategies for surface anatomy were identified, namely contextualized teaching, embracing experiential learning, and learning facilitation. This review revealed that a multimodal approach was most commonly used in surface anatomy instruction. Hence, future research should explore the effectiveness of multimodal teaching strategies that adopt the three aforementioned primary elements of effective teaching in an authentic learning environment. It is pertinent to clarify the effectiveness of these teaching strategies by evaluating their impact on student learning, organizational changes, and benefits to other stakeholders.
Benign monomelic amyotrophy of lower limb in a cohort of chinese patients
Authors: Wang Lulu , Wen Han , Chen Shuyun , Wang Huan , Zheng Yilei , Chen Ran , Li Jingjing , Jiang Kaiyan , Xiang Haijie , Zhu Min , Zhou Meihong , Yao Sheng , Hong Daojun
Published: March 2021

Background

Benign monomelic amyotrophy of lower limb (BMALL) is a neurogenic syndrome representing an unclear field. Further studies might be helpful to elucidate uncertainties regarding causation, outcome, and the risk of progression to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 patients with BMALL were retrospectively collected in three neuromuscular centers from January 2012 to October 2018. The detailed medical data were summarized. Multiple laboratory tests were examined. Routine electrophysiological examinations, muscle MRI of lower limbs, and muscle biopsy were conducted.

Results

The cohort included 24 male and 13 female cases with median age of onset 47 years. Muscle MRI revealed that the distribution of involved muscles matched with the extent of fat infiltration, so the pattern muscle atrophy can be divided into the following four types: six patients with thigh atrophy (type I), 14 patients with leg atrophy (type II); 10 patients with disproportionate atrophy in both thigh and leg (type III); and seven patients with well‐proportionate atrophy in both thigh and leg (type IV). Electrophysiological findings showed neurogenic pattern, spontaneous activity, and abnormal H reflex, which suggested a disorder of spinal anterior horn cell in the patients with types I‐III. However, no electrophysiological abnormalities were found in the patients with type IV. Muscle pathology varied from almost normal pattern to advanced neurogenic pattern in nine biopsied patients. Follow‐up showed that two patients with type II developed to ALS four years later, and all patients with type IV were in stable condition without any complaints.

Conclusion

Muscle MRI was useful to exactly localize the distribution of involved muscles in BMALL patients. The distribution of atrophic muscles can be roughly divided into four types based on the MRI features. The classification of distributing types might be as an indicator for the prognosis of BMALL.
Cellular and molecular mechanism in neurodegeneration: Possible role of neuroprotectants
Authors: Basha Fathima Hajee , Waseem Mohammad , Srinivasan Hemalatha
Published: March 2021

In recent years, neurodegeneration has been recognized as a clinical condition that is characterized by neuronal death, dementia, and gradual diminish of cognitive function, poor body coordination and motor disorders. Several studies deciphering cellular and molecular mechanisms show a promising insight for several kinds of damages including neurodegeneration in central nervous system. In addition, there has been an inflammatory key mechanism involved in neurodegenerative disorders. There is a paucity of literature in both cellular‐ and molecular‐mediated targets in damaged neurons at both in vitro and in vivo research models. It has been notified that CNS has a very restricted magnitude of regeneration. Numerous key factors have also been studied and considered as possible culprit of neurodegeneration. Autophagy is a well‐known degradation process wherein vesicular machinery as autophagosome transports cytoplasmic contents to the lysosomes. In earlier reports, a bridging connection between autophagy and its associated mechanism has been established. Natural compounds as a neuro‐therapeutics have been recognized in neurodegeneration. In our review, we discuss the mechanisms for the onset and progression in neurodegeneration, via inflammation and autophagic machine available in cellular compartments in CNS. This review also discusses about the neuroprotective efficacy of natural compounds against neurodegeneration episodes displays in neuronal platform.
Association of symptom status, myocardial viability, and clinical/anatomic risk on long‐term outcomes after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Song Lei , Qiao Shubin , Guan Changdong , Bai Yinxiao , Zou Tongqiang , Wu Fan , Shi Yanpu , Xie Lihua , Sun Zhongwei , Dou Kefei , Yang Weixian , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Yang Yuejin , Yeh Robert W. , Wu Yongjian , Kirtane Ajay J. , Xu Bo
Published: March 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the association of less‐certain indication of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO‐PCI) with subsequent clinical outcomes.

Background

The impact of patient symptoms, myocardial viability, and clinical and anatomic risk on long‐term outcomes is underdetermined.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing CTO‐PCI at a large‐volume single center between 2010 and 2013 were included. Central adjudication was used to assess the appropriateness of three prespecified indications. The primary outcome was the 5‐year composite endpoint of death or myocardial infarction (MI).

Results

Of 2,659 patients with 2,735 CTO lesions, the 348 (13.1%) asymptomatic patients, 164 (6.2%) patients without viable myocardium in the CTO territory, and 306 (11.5%) patients in whom the Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Score II favored coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) had higher 5‐year death or MI compared with the rest patients in each category (12.0% vs. 8.6%, p = .04; 16.3% vs. 8.5%, p < .0001; 12.2% vs. 8.6%, p = .03), respectively. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that without symptom (hazard ratio: 1.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.15; p = .02), non‐viable myocardium in CTO territory (hazard ratio: 1.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.16–2.72; p = .009), and deemed more favorable for CABG (hazard ratio:1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–2.28; p = .03), but not the technical success (hazard ratio:0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.62–1.18; p = .34), were independent predictors for the primary endpoint.

Conclusions

In this large cohort of CTO‐PCI, those who were asymptomatic, non‐viable myocardium in the CTO territory, or deemed more favorable for CABG were associated with higher risk of long‐term mortality or MI.
A peristomal plaque of sudden occurrence
Authors: La Placa Michelangelo , Abbenante Diego , Pazzaglia Massimiliano , Di Altobrando Ambra
Published: March 2021

Koebner phenomenon regards the formation of a psoriatic lesion after a trauma, including tattoo, insect bite or other injuries. Although this manifestation is not specific for psoriasis, physicians should be aware because early recognition may be helpful in making the diagnosis when present.
A deep neural network learning‐based speckle noise removal technique for enhancing the quality of synthetic‐aperture radar images
Authors: Mohan Ellappan , Rajesh Arunachalam , Sunitha Gurram , Konduru Reddy Madhavi , Avanija Janagaraj , Ganesh Babu Loganathan
Published: March 2021

The speckle noise present in synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) images is responsible for hindering the extraction of the exact information that needs to be utilized for potential remote sensing applications. Thus the quality of SAR images needs to be enhanced by removing speckle noise in an effective manner. In this paper, A Deep Neural Network‐based Speckle Noise Removal Technique (DNN‐SNRT) is proposed that utilizes the benefits of convolution and Long Short Term Memory‐based neural networks to enhance the quality of SAR images. The proposed DNN‐SNRT uses multiple radar intensity images that are archived from the specific area of interest to facilitate the self‐learning of the intensity features derived from the image patches. The proposed DNN‐SNRT incorporates a dual neural network to remove speckle noise and flexibly estimates the thresholds and weights to achieve an effective SAR image quality improvement. The proposed DNN‐SNRT is capable of automatically updating the intensity features of SAR images during the training process. Experimental investigation of the proposed DNN‐SNRT conducted based on TerraSAR‐X images confirmed the superior enhancement of image quality over comparable recent filters. The results of the DNN‐SNRT scheme were also proved that it is able to reduce noise and preserve edges during the image quality enhancement process.
The pollination of Habenaria rhodocheila (Orchidaceae) in South China: When butterflies take sides
Authors: Chen Xing‐Hui , Tan Shao‐Lin , Liang Yue‐Long , Huang Lang , Xiao Han‐Wen , Luo Huo‐Lin , Xiong Dong‐Jin , Yang Bo‐Yun , Ren Zong‐Xin
Published: March 2021

Habenaria is one of the largest terrestrial genera in the family Orchidaceae. Most field studies on Habenaria species with greenish–white and nocturnal scented flowers are pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths and settling moths. However, H. rhodocheila presents reddish flowers lacking a detectable scent and fails to fit the moth pollination syndrome. We investigated the pollinators, breeding system, and functional traits of H. rhodocheila in South China and found that two diurnal swallowtail butterflies Papilio helenus and Papilio nephelus (Papilionidae) were the effective pollinators. When butterflies foraged for nectar in the spur, the pollinia became attached between the palpi. A triangular projected median rostellar lobe was found at the entrance (sinus) of the spur of H. rhodocheila. This lobe divided the spur opening into two entrances forcing butterflies to enter their proboscides through the left or right side. When the projection of median rostellar lobe was removed, the site of pollinium attachment changed to the eyes of the butterflies, leading to a higher rate of pollinium removal but lower rate of pollinium deposition. Our quartz glass cylinder choice experiment suggested that visual rather than olfactory cues provided the major stimuli for butterflies to locate these flowers. Hand pollination experiments suggested this species was self‐compatible but pollinator‐dependent. However, the proportion of seeds with large embryos produced in self‐pollinated fruits was significantly lower than in cross‐pollinated fruits, indicating a significant inbreeding depression. Unlike many other orchid species, fruit set was higher than rates of pollinium removal, indicating a high level of pollination efficiency in a species with friable pollinia. Shifts from moth to butterfly pollination in the genus Habenaria parallel other orchid lineages providing insights into the potential for pollinator‐mediated floral trait selection.
Machine learning based on biomarker profiles identifies distinct subgroups of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Woolley Rebecca J. , Ceelen Daan , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Tromp Jasper , Figarska Sylwia M. , Anker Stefan D. , Dickstein Kenneth , Filippatos Gerasimos , Zannad Faiez , Metra Marco , Ng Leong , Samani Nilesh , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Lang Chim , Lam Carolyn S. , Voors Adriaan A.
Published: March 2021

Aims

The lack of effective therapies for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is often ascribed to the heterogeneity of patients with HFpEF. We aimed to identify distinct pathophysiologic clusters of HFpEF based on circulating biomarkers.

Methods and results

We performed an unsupervised cluster analysis using 363 biomarkers from 429 patients with HFpEF. Relative differences in expression profiles of the biomarkers between clusters were assessed and used for pathway over‐representation analyses. We identified four distinct patient subgroups based on their biomarker profiles: cluster 1 with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus and renal disease; cluster 2 with oldest age and frequent age‐related comorbidities; cluster 3 with youngest age, largest body size, least symptoms and lowest N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels; and cluster 4 with highest prevalence of ischaemic aetiology, smoking and chronic lung disease, most symptoms, as well as highest NT‐proBNP and troponin levels. Over a median follow‐up of 21 months, the occurrence of death or heart failure hospitalization was highest in clusters 1 and 4 (62.1% and 62.8%, respectively) and lowest in cluster 3 (25.6%). Pathway over‐representation analyses revealed that the biomarker profile of patients in cluster 1 was associated with activation of inflammatory pathways while the biomarker profile of patients in cluster 4 was specifically associated with pathways implicated in cell proliferation regulation and cell survival.

Conclusion

Unsupervised cluster analysis based on biomarker profiles identified mutually exclusive subgroups of patients with HFpEF with distinct biomarker profiles, clinical characteristics and outcomes, suggesting different underlying pathophysiological pathways.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation of Aryl Hydroxamates with CF3‐Containing α‐Propargyl α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Vorobyeva Daria V. , Petropavlovskikh Dmitry A. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: March 2021

A series of new orthogonally protected α‐CF3‐substituted α‐amino carboxylates, and α‐amino phosphonates decorated with pharmacophore isoquinolone core has been elaborated through the Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation/annulation of aryl hydroxamates with propargyl‐containing α‐amino acid derivatives and their phosphorus analogues.
Organic thin film transistors‐based biosensors
Authors: Sun Chenfang , Wang Xue , Auwalu Muhammad Aminu , Cheng Shanshan , Hu Wenping
Published: March 2021

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs)‐based biosensors are widely applied as advanced biosensing platforms by virtue of their inherent ability to transfer and amplify received biological signals into electrical signals. Nevertheless, the development of OTFTs‐based biosensors with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for specific biological processes remains a major challenge. This mini review focuses on recent achievements in OTFTs‐based biosensors since 2010. Specifically, three types of OTFTs, specifically organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), electrolyte‐gated OFETs (EGOFETs), and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are summarized in terms of the key strategies required for high‐performance bioelectronics. Additionally, various OTFTs‐based biosensors, such as ions, glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, and cells are described in terms of their working principles. This mini review highlights the uses of OTFTs for a broad range of research applications with a focus on designing novel OTFTs‐based biosensors.

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Spatial correlation modeling and ergodic capacity analysis of networks with overlapping conflict
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yu Junpeng , Zhang Hongtao
Published: March 2021

The fifth generation (5G) network development trends (e.g., more cells, larger and distributed antenna arrays, higher frequency spectrum) and new technologies are driving beyond 5G (B5G) and even sixth generation (6G) research together. In existing works, performance analysis is based on typical users, but no user is typical, because of spatial correlation in the scheduling of transmission points (TPs) caused by overlapping conflict between the different transmission point groups (TPGs). Using stochastic geometry, this article analyzes ergodic capacity of entire network by deriving the semiclosed form expression of area spectral efficiency (ASE), where Matérn‐like model is proposed to capture the spatial correlation of overlapping conflict. Specifically, the serving probability of TP is lower to avoid intense overlapping conflict in heavily overlapping region, thanks to Matérn‐like model requires that only one TP with best channel condition be in serving within the same TPG. In addition, considering different serving probabilities of TPs, user performance is nonindependent, thus ASE could more accurately characterize the overall level of user performance by traversing nonindependent user performance. Simulation and analytical results show that ASE considering spatial correlation can more accurately fit the overall performance of networks with overlapping conflict.
Artificial intelligence‐powered decentralized framework for Internet of Things in Healthcare 4.0
Authors: Puri Vikram , Kataria Aman , Sharma Vishal
Published: March 2021

Remote patient monitoring and data management have gained much popularity in recent years because of their enhanced access to low‐cost healthcare services. A cloud‐based healthcare system provides numerous solutions for collecting patient data and offers on‐demand well‐managed reports to patients and healthcare providers. However, it equally suffers from single‐point failure, security, privacy, and non‐transparency issues with the data, impacting the continuity of the system. To resolve such concerns, this article proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)‐enabled decentralized healthcare framework that accesses and authenticates Internet of Things (IoT) devices and create trust and transparency in patient healthcare records (PHR). The mechanism is based on the AI‐enabled smart contracts and the conceptualization of the public blockchain network. Alongside this, the framework identifies the malicious IoT nodes in the system. The experimental analyses are performed on the real‐time test environment, and significant improvements are suggested in terms of device energy consumption, data request time, throughput, average latency, and transaction fee.
Identification of risk factors for mortality and delayed oral dietary intake in patients with open drainage due to deep neck infections: Nationwide study using a Japanese inpatient database
Authors: Hidaka Hiroshi , Tarasawa Kunio , Fujimori Kenji , Obara Taku , Fushimi Kiyohide , Sakagami Tomofumi , Yagi Masao , Iwai Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Backgrounds

Data on risk factors for deep neck infection including descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) have been limited. Using a nationwide database, the aim was identifying the factors related to patient death and delay in recovering oral intake.

Methods

Data of 4949 patients were extracted from a Japanese inpatient database between 2012 and 2017. The main outcome was survival at discharge. In a subgroup analysis of the 4949 patients with survival, the second outcome was delay in the interval between admission and full recovery of oral intake.

Results

Only a few factors (advanced‐age, ventilation) were associated with both mortality and delayed oral dietary intake by logistic regression analyses. Conversely, several factors including DNM (adjusted‐odds ratio [OR] 1.41) and repeated surgery (adjusted‐OR 1.70) were significantly related only to delayed oral dietary intake.

Conclusions

Although DNM was not necessarily related to mortality, patients with DNM should receive careful attention to avoid delayed oral dietary intake.
The impact of COVID‐19 on head and neck cancer diagnosis and disease extent
Authors: Kiong Kimberley L. , Diaz Edward M. , Gross Neil D. , Diaz Eduardo M. , Hanna Ehab Y.
Published: March 2021

Background

Due to COVID‐19, diagnostic delays and a surge of advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is anticipated. We hereby evaluate patient and tumor characteristics before and during the early COVID‐19 period.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with HNC presented at a multidisciplinary tumor conference from May 14, 2020 to June 18, 2020 was performed and compared to a similar 6‐week period a year before. Demographics, time to diagnosis, and tumor characteristics were analyzed.

Results

There was a 25% reduction in newly diagnosed malignancies. Groups were similar in baseline characteristics, duration of symptoms, and time to diagnosis. However, median primary tumor size was significantly larger (p = 0.042) and T stage more advanced for mucosal subsites (p = 0.025) in the COVID‐19 group.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest increased tumor burden in patients with HNC presenting during the pandemic, despite a similar time to diagnosis. This may become more pronounced as the pandemic duration is extended.