bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultivo da tilápia do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus em sistema de bioflocos com diferentes densidades de estocagem
Authors: LIMA Eduardo Cesar Rodrigues de , SOUZA Rafael Liano de , WAMBACH Xélen Faria , SILVA Ugo Lima , CORREIA Eudes de Souza
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade da água e o desempenho zootécnico da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivada em sistema de bioflocos sob diferentes densidades de estocagem. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação de Aquicultura da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil, durante 128 dias. Peixes de 123,0±0,6g foram estocados em 12 tanques circulares (800 L) em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (D15, D30 e D45, correspondendo as densidades de 15, 30 e 45 peixes.m-3) e quatro repetições. Entre as variáveis de qualidade de água, o oxigênio dissolvido teve efeito significativo (P≤0,05) entre as densidades, com a menor concentração (3,97 mg O2.L-1) na maior densidade testada (45 peixes.m-3). A amônia total apresentou diferença estatística (P≤0,05) entre o tratamento D15 e os demais; e o nitrito, entre a densidade de 15 e 45 peixes.m-3, porém ambos numa relação diretamente proporcional com o aumento da densidade de estocagem, apresentando maiores concentrações médias de 2,56 e 3,26 mg.L-1 de amônia e nitrito, respectivamente, na densidade de 45 peixes.m-3. O desempenho zootécnico, no tratamento D45 apresentou melhor resultado, com produtividade de 16,6 Kg.m-3, com diferença significativa entre os tratamentos (P≤0,05). A sobrevivência foi superior a 90% nas três densidades testadas. A tecnologia de bioflocos pode ser empregada no cultivo intensivo da tilápia do Nilo O. niloticus na fase de engorda, utilizando-se densidades de estocagem de 45 peixes.m-3.
Comparação de dois ésteres de estradiol como indutores da ovulação sobre o diâmetro folicular e a taxa de gestação de bovinos leiteiros submetidos a programa de Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo
Authors: FRANÇA Lidomar Marton , RODRIGUES Alexandra Soares , BRANDÃO Luiz Gustavo Neves , LOIOLA Marcus Vinícius Galvão , CHALHOUB Marcos , FERRAZ Priscila Assis , BITTENCOURT Rodrigo Freitas , JESUS Edivânia Oliveira de , RIBEIRO FILHO Antonio de Lisboa
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da utilização de dois ésteres de estradiol, sobre o Diâmetro do Folículo Ovulatório (DFOL) e taxa de gestação de fêmeas bovinas leiteiras submetidas a um programa de Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo (IATF). Para tanto, 94 fêmeas mestiças Holandês-Gir foram submetidas ao seguinte protocolo hormonal, iniciado em um dia aleatório, D0, por meio da inserção de um dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (P4) associado à 2mg de Benzoato de Estradiol (BE) via intramuscular (i.m.). No D8, os dispositivos foram removidos e administrados 500 µg de Cloprostenol sódico – prostaglandina – F2α e 300 UI de Gonadotrofina Coriônica equina (eCG) i.m. Neste momento, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: 50 vacas foram alocadas no grupo Cipionato de Estradiol (CE) e receberam 1mg dessa substância via i.m., enquanto outras 44 receberam 1mg de BE i.m., 24 horas após a retirada dos dispositivos (D9), sendo chamadas grupo BE. No D10, foram realizadas as inseminações e, previamente a cada procedimento de IA, foi executada a mensuração do DFOL por meio de ultrassonografia transretal. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado 55 dias após as IATFs. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias de DFOL encontradas para os grupos BE e CE sendo, respectivamente, 11,45 ± 2,34 e 10,71 ± 2,43mm. O grupo BE também apresentou um índice de gestação de 34,10%, semelhante ao grupo CE que foi de 40,00%. Conclui-se que o CE pode substituir o BE em protocolo de IATF em vacas leiteiras, representando uma alternativa para simplificar o protocolo de IATF.
Uma nova luz sobre o conceito de fóton: Para além de imagens esquizofrênicas
Authors: Silva Indianara
Published: December 2015

Nesse artigo celebraremos o Ano Internacional da Luz contando uma história sobre o conceito de fóton ao longo do Século XX. Pode-se pensar que o conceito de fóton tornou-se bem estabelecido na física logo após da década de 1930. Contudo, destacaremos que desenvolvimentos teóricos e experimentais culminaram, após a década de 1950, na revisão do conceito canônico de fóton da velha teoria quântica. Na óptica quântica, o fóton não é mais representado pela imagem de partícula individual, mas por uma ferramenta matemática que descreve uma excitação de um estado quântico. Esse artigo dedica-se a revelar os caminhos que levaram a um conceito de fóton mais sofisticado, passando pelo efeito HBT, os estados coerentes de Glauber, e os experimentos que trouxeram à tona a natureza quântica da luz.
Uma representação do fluxo sanguíneo pulsátil em artérias ou veias usando lattice Boltzmann
Authors: Vargas Marina , Argenta Marco André
Published: December 2015

O método lattice Boltzmann (LBM) foi proposto na década de 1980, fundamentado num modelo de lattice gas com a discretização da equação de transporte de Boltzmann. Esse método tem sido utilizado para retratar o fluxo sanguíneo pela possibilidade de simular computacionalmente a dinâmica de fluidos regida pelas equações de Navier-Stokes, conseguindo representar desde geometrias complexas até fluxos turbulentos e multifásicos. Com a necessidade de criar bons modelos físicos e matemáticos para representar o sistema cardiovascular humano (HCVS) é preciso utilizar teorias que analisem as leis físicas que regem o fluxo sanguíneo através de veias ou artérias do corpo humano. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar todo o processo de construção de um modelo idealizado para representar o fluxo sanguíneo em artérias, considerando um fluído newtoniano, viscoso, em regime laminar e pulsátil. A pulsação é definida conforme disposto por Womersley em seu artigo publicado em 1955 e posteriormente reproduzido com a utilização de diversos métodos numéricos por outros autores. Uma aplicação representativa de um trecho da artéria femoral ilustra o procedimento e os resultados são comparados com a literatura médica. Julgou-se que o modelo proposto para o fluxo pulsátil de um escoamento sanguíneo idealizado gerou resultados satisfatórios sob o ponto de vista qualitativo.
Introduzindo problemas e curvas de perseguição no Ensino Médio e universitário
Authors: Oliveira Jr. Reynaldo Lopes de
Published: December 2015

Neste trabalho, procuramos mostrar ao professor do ensino superior básico e do ensino médio como é possível tornar as aulas de cinemática mais interessantes com a introdução de um problema de perseguição típico e sua simulação por meio do software gratuito Modellus que permite a discussão de problemas mais elaborados. Podemos aplicar este tipo de abordagem a várias situações, desde as que envolvem a simulação de conflitos bélicos até aquelas que envolvem o design de jogos eletrônicos. Como exemplo de problema de perseguição escolhemos o caso de um navio mercante que é perseguido por um navio pirata que discutimos com detalhes para que o professor tenha a oportunidade familiarizar-se com este tipo de problema e tentar suas próprias simulações.
Sensores digitais de temperatura com tecnologia one-wire: Um exemplo de aplicação didática na área de condução térmica
Authors: Amorim Helio Salim do , Dias Marco Adriano , Soares Vitorvani
Published: December 2015

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma experiência simples de condução térmica usando sensores de temperatura digitais com tecnologia one-wire(um-fio) associados a uma placa Arduino para controle e aquisição de dados. Os sensores utilizados são acessóveis e podem ser facilmente encontrados no mercado nacional. O modelo experimental reproduz uma experiência clássica de condução térmica usada comumente em livros didáticos de física para apresentar e discutir a lei de Fourier da condução térmica. Os resultados se mostraram suficientemente sensíveis para revelar uma distribuição não linear de temperaturas numa situação em que condições de contorno pouco realistas, e comumente aplicadas à lei de Fourier nos livros didáticos, resulta num comportamento linear.
Energia e Matéria: Da Fundamentação Conceitual às Aplicações Tecnológicas
Authors: Oliveira Paulo M.C.
Published: December 2015

Resenha do livro Energia e Matéria: Da Fundamentação Conceitual às Aplicações Tecnológicas , organizado por Carlos Alberto dos Santos, editora da Livraria da Física, São Paulo, 2015.
Analytic solution to the motion of mass-spring oscillator subjected to external force
Authors: Zhang Youtian
Published: December 2015

The simple harmonic vibration, damping vibration and forced vibration of an oscillator attached to the massless spring are always discussed in general mechanics courses. In this article, we focus on the heavy-spring conditions. We first investigate the general situation where both viscous resistance and applied force are considered under the perspective of the renormalization group theory. Then we use analytic method to study the damped oscillation of an oscillator attached to the heavy spring, where renormalization method fails to work.
ASSESSMENT OF SCORES IN DECISION MAKING IN METASTASES OF THE SPINE
Authors: Ferreira Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira , Ueta Renato Hiroshi Salvioni , Curto David Del , Puertas Eduardo Barros
Published: December 2015

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the intra- and interobserver concordance of SINS, Harrington, Tokuhashi and Tomita scores among general orthopedic surgeons and spine surgeons with experience above 5 and 10 years in the evaluation of patients with spinal metastasis. Methods : Twenty cases of patients with metastatic lesion of the spine were presented to 10 examiners and the scores aforementioned have been applied. After six weeks, the cases were reintroduced in a different order and data were analyzed. Results : The intraobserver reliability showed better agreement in SINS score among examiners with less experience and Harrington and Tomita scores among those who had more than 10-year experience. The interobserver reliability of the examiners of the group with over 10-year experience showed higher precision when using these scores, especially Harrington and Tomita. The SINS score was the choice for daily practice and was able to modify the management more often. Conclusions : This study demonstrated that the use of predictive scores of instability, Harrington, and prognosis, Tomita, had a higher intra- and interobserver reliability particularly among spine surgeons with experience above 10 years.
PROXIMAL DISABILITY AND SPINAL DEFORMITY INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH PROXIMAL FEMUR FRACTURES
Authors: Mistro Neto Sylvio , Risso Neto Marcelo Italo , Zuiani Guilherme Rebechi , Rossanez Roberto , Castro Gabriel Gomes Freitas de , Veiga Ivan Guidolin , Pasqualini Wagner , Tebet Marcos Antônio , Landim Élcio , Belangero William Dias , Cavali Paulo Tadeu Maia
Published: December 2015

Objective : To evaluate the quality of life related to the spine in patients with proximal femoral fractures. Methods : Study conducted in a tertiary public hospital in patients with proximal femoral fractures caused by low-energy trauma, through the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire to asses complaints related to the spine at the time of life prior to the femoral fracture. The thoracic and lumbar spine of patients were also evaluated applying the radiographic index described by Gennant (Spinal Deformity Index), which assesses the number and severity of fractures. Results : Seventeen subjects completed the study. All had some degree of vertebral fracture. Patients were classified in the categories of severe and very severe disability in the questionnaire about quality of life. It was found that the higher SDI, the better the quality of life. Conclusion : There is a strong association of disability related to the spine in patients with proximal femoral fracture, and this complaint must be systematically evaluated in patients with appendicular fracture.
ANALYSIS OF THE SECONDARY CURVES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SELECTIVE ARTHRODESIS LENKE I
Authors: DEBOM TADEU GERVAZONI , Jacob Júnior Charbel , Machado Igor Cardoso , Batista Júnior José Lucas , Brazolino Marcos Alexandre Novo , Maia Thiago Cardoso , Nascimento Lucas Siegle do , Vieira Tiago Costa
Published: December 2015

Objective : To radiographically evaluate the behavior of the secondary curves in the coronal and sagittal planes in patients with AIS classified as Lenke I, who underwent surgical treatment of selective arthrodesis by posterior approach. Methods : Retrospective study which analyzed 40 patients with AIS, being 33 female. The measurement of the radiographic parameters used followed the recommendations by Cobb. Results : The average correction of the thoracic proximal, primary and lumbar curves was 34.73%, 75.06% and 64.64%, respectively. Conclusion : Surgical treatment by selective arthrodesis in cases of AIS Lenke type I provide correction of compensatory curves in the coronal and maintenance in the sagittal plane.
Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) outbreaks: current situation and future outlook with emphasis on Brazil
Authors: Dominghetti Taciany Ferreira de Souza , Barros Antonio Thadeu Medeiros de , Soares Cleber Oliveira , Cançado Paulo Henrique Duarte
Published: December 2015

Abstract The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) has historically been a pest of dairy cattle and feedlots due to the availability of decaying plant matter mixed with animal excrements in such production systems. In the last few decades, stable fly outbreaks have also been reported in pasture-raised beef cattle, usually associated with wastes accumulated from animal feeding during winter, the introduction of large-scale crop operations near cattle ranches, and/or the inadvertent use of organic fertilizers. Population explosions of Stomoxys flies may also have natural causes, affecting not only domestic and/or wild animals but also humans. This article compiles information on stable fly outbreaks in Brazil and abroad and discusses their causes and consequences.
MicroRNA-21 Aggravates Cyst Growth in a Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lakhia Ronak , Hajarnis Sachin , Williams Darren , Aboudehen Karam , Yheskel Matanel , Xing Chao , Hatley Mark E. , Torres Vicente E. , Wallace Darren P. , Patel Vishal
Published: December 2015

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common monogenetic disorders, is characterized by kidney failure caused by bilateral renal cyst growth. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in numerous diseases, but the role of these noncoding RNAs in ADPKD pathogenesis is still poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of miR-21, an oncogenic miR, in kidney cyst growth. We found that transcriptional activation of miR-21 is a common feature of murine PKD. Furthermore, compared with renal tubules from kidney samples of normal controls, cysts in kidney samples from patients with ADPKD had increased levels of miR-21. cAMP signaling, a key pathogenic pathway in PKD, transactivated miR-21 promoter in kidney cells and promoted miR-21 expression in cystic kidneys of mice. Genetic deletion of miR-21 attenuated cyst burden, reduced kidney injury, and improved survival of an orthologous model of ADPKD. RNA sequencing analysis and additional in vivo assays showed that miR-21 inhibits apoptosis of cyst epithelial cells, likely through direct repression of its target gene programmed cell death 4. Thus, miR-21 functions downstream of the cAMP pathway and promotes disease progression in experimental PKD. Our results suggest that inhibiting miR-21 is a potential new therapeutic approach to slow cyst growth in PKD.
EFEITO DO TREINAMENTO MUSCULAR INSPIRATÓRIO NA FUNÇÃO PULMONAR E ESTADO FUNCIONAL DE UM PACIENTE COM ANEMIA FALCIFORME: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Rodrigues Érica Mirales , Cardoso Leilane Rebouças , Oliva Mila Vaz C. S. , Martinez Bruno Prata , Pires Thiago Queiroz
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: Este artigo relata o caso de um indivíduo adulto com diagnóstico de anemia falciforme (AF) desde a adolescência, com histórico de várias internações hospitalares ao longo dos anos e com relato de dispnéia durante algumas atividades de vida diária. Descrição do caso: Na avaliação inicial foram obtidos os valores de pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e da capacidade vital (CV) através do aparelho POWERbreathe® digital modelo K5 (POWERbreathe International Limited, Londres, Inglaterra), e do índice basal de dispnéia (BDI) durante as atividades de vida diária. Após a identificação da fraqueza muscular inspiratória (PImáx ≤60% do predito), foi sugerido a realização do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) com um dispositivo resistor inspiratório de carga linear. O ajuste inicial foi com uma carga de 65% da PImáx, durante 6 semanas, de forma diária, com 30 incursões realizadas duas vezes ao dia. No 21º e 42º dia foram realizadas novas avaliações da PImáx e CV, sendo reavaliado o BDI no 42º dia. No 21º dia do programa foi verificado uma elevação de 13,8% na PImáx e 82,3% na CV. Já no 42º dia, foi observado mais um ganho na PImáx sem alteração dos valores da CV.Na análise do BDI foi verificado um incremento de 7 para 12 pontos (71,4%), o que caracteriza umpaciente sem dispnéia ao realizar as atividades propostas pelo instrumento. Conclusão: Identificou-seuma melhora da força muscular inspiratória e da dispnéia nas atividades diárias após o programa deTMI no presente relato de caso.
PERFIL DO DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR DE ALUNOS DE OITO ANOS DE ESCOLA PUBLICAS ESTADUAIS DE SÃO BENTO DO SUL - SC
Authors: Souza Angelita de , Souza William Cordeiro de , Reiser Fernando Carvalheiro , Rusenhack Marcio Cascante , Moncada-Jiménez José , Mascarenhas Luis Paulo Gomes
Published: December 2015

Introdução: O desenvolvimento motor classifica-se como um processo de mudança sequencial no nível de funcionamento do indivíduo que engloba uma série de transformações em seu comportamento motor. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil de desenvolvimento motor de alunos de oito anos das escolas públicas estaduais da cidade de São Bento do Sul – SC. Métodos: A amostra constituiu-se de 50 alunos de ambos os gêneros; para a pesquisa foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor (EMD), desenvolvida por Rosa Neto (2002), a qual avalia o desenvolvimento motor do indivíduo, testando os parâmetros de motricidade fina, motricidade global, equilíbrio, organização espacial e temporal e esquema corporal. A análise descritiva dos dados foi feita através da média, desvio padrão, valor mínimo, valor máximo. Resultados e Conclusão: Considerando os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, pode-se concluir que os alunos apresentaram um perfil de desenvolvimento motor dentro da normalidade, ou seja, compatíveis com a idade cronológica em que se encontravam.
Superando a liability of outsidership na China: A experiência das empresas brasileiras no desenvolvimento do guanxi
Authors: Schiavini Janaina Mortari , Scherer Flavia Luciane
Published: December 2015

À luz das discussões sobre internacionalização de empresas, uma abordagem teórica defende que as principais barreiras no processo de internacionalização estão relacionadas ao ônus de estar fora das redes de relacionamento internacionais, ou seja, enfrentam a chamada liability of outsidership. Considerando a relevância da China para o Brasil e a complexidade das relações de negócios no país (guanxi), este estudo se propôs a investigar como empresas brasileiras que operam na China desenvolvem guanxi como meio de superar a liability of outsidership, com base no modelo teórico de Chen e Chen (2004). Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, sendo realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos em quatro empresas brasileiras do setor de serviços que possuem filial na China. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Para o tratamento dos dados, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software NVivo 8.0. Os resultados identificaram as motivações na internacionalização para a China, as dificuldades enfrentadas decorrentes da liability of outsidership, a importância e os benefícios do guanxi, e as atividades realizadas para o seu desenvolvimento. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para geração de conhecimento sobre a internacionalização das empresas brasileiras para a China.
EFICÁCIA DA ESCOLA E CONDICIONANTES DO DESEMPENHO ESCOLAR DOS ALUNOS: DO MODELO UNIDIMENSIONAL DE ANÁLISE AO MULTIDIMENSIONAL/SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS AND DETERMINANTS OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE: FROM THE UNIDIMENSIONAL TO THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF ANALYSIS
Authors: Dos Santos Filho José Camilo
Published: December 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um breve relato sobre a progressiva abrangência dos modelos de relacionamento entre condicionantes externos e internos à escola e o desempenho dos alunos. Até os anos 1970, foram realizadas pesquisas na abordagem positivista para explicar o desempenho escolar dos alunos a partir da análise de variáveis de entrada. A partir dos anos 1970, a introdução da pesquisa qualitativa no estudo do processo escolar levou ao entendimento ampliado dos fatores internos do desempenho dos alunos. A partir dos anos 1980, o renovado reconhecimento da importância da pesquisa quantitativa no contexto externo e interno da escola, para determinar seu efeito no desempenho dos alunos e o efeito específico da escola nesse resultado, adquiriu nova relevância.

Palavras-chave: Desempenho escolar. Desempenho do aluno. Condicionantes do desempenho do aluno. Escola eficaz. Eficácia da escola.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Pinto Almeida Maria De Lourdes , Schneider Marilda Pasqual
Published: December 2015

Apresentação
PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOMASA A PARTIR DE Aspergillus oryzae EN CULTIVO SUMERGIDO
Authors: Cortés-Sánchez Alejandro De Jesús , Guadarrama Luis Manuel , Díaz-Ramírez Mayra
Published: December 2015

La producción de biomasa a partir de microorganismos probióticos, como Aspergillus oryzae, puede ser una alternativa para satisfacer la demanda creciente de alimentos. Además de ser considerado como probiótico, este microorganismo es muy utilizado en la elaboración de alimentos tradicionales fermentados en países del continente Asiático. En el presente estudio se evaluó la producción biomasa, consumo de sustrato, contenido de proteína, rendimiento y cambios de pH generados por A. oryzae en cultivo sumergido, a partir de dos diferentes sustratos no convencionales (leche de vaca en polvo sin grasa Svelty Nestle® y medio Litmus Milk Sigma-Aldrich®) y dos condiciones de proceso (35°C/160 rpm/96 h y 30°C/180 rpm/96 h). Los resultados muestran como Aspergillus oryzae cumplió su carácter de aerobio mostrando mejores niveles de crecimiento y generación de biomasa en condiciones de mayor agitación y menor temperatura, siendo la mejor condición de proceso a 180 rpm/30°C con un mayor rendimiento de 12.25g biomasa/g sustrato, utilizando como sustrato leche de vaca en polvo sin grasa Svelty Nestle®. Los cambios en pH no tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la producción de biomasa, consumo de sustrato y proteína.
IDENTIFICACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA Y POR PCR DE Rhizoctonia solani KÜHN A PARTIR DE FRUTOS DE CALABAZA PIPIANA Y SU MANEJO EN INVERNADERO
Authors: Díaz-Nájera José Francisco , Vargas-Hernández Mateo , Ayvar-Serna Sergio , Alvarado-Gómez Omar Guadalupe , Solís-Aguilar Juan Fernando , Durán-Ramírez José Aurelio , Díaz-Ceniceros Huizar Leonardo , Hernández-Aguilar Adrián
Published: December 2015

Cucurbita argyrosperma (calabaza pipiana), es un cultivo importante en el estado de Guerrero. El precio de venta por tonelada de semilla se ha incrementado de $ 15, 500 en el año 2005 a $ 35, 000 en 2011, lo que ha propiciado que se incremente la superficie sembrada. Los hongos del suelo causan pudrición en frutos reduciendo los rendimientos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar al agente causal involucrado en la pudrición de frutos de calabaza pipiana y evaluar alternativas de control químico y biológico en invernadero. Durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2012, se recolectaron frutos, con diferentes síntomas y niveles de pudrición en la zona norte del Estado de Guerrero. Después de identificar morfológicamente se analizó molecularmente mediante el ADN del patógeno, las muestras se analizaron con la técnica de PCR, con los oligonucleótidos ITS-1/ ITS-4, los cuales amplifican un espaciador intergénico interno (ITS). Se identificó a Rhizoctonia solani en los frutos analizados. Los productos de amplificación fueron secuenciados presentando un 99 % de similitud con secuencias de Estados Unidos de acuerdo con el GenBank. La secuencia consenso fue depositada en GenBank con el número de acceso KJ652221. Trichoderma asperellum y los ingredientes activos iodo libre y quintozeno: PCNB, ejercieron el mejor control al retrasar la presencia del patógeno en frutos de calabaza pipiana
CONTENIDO CALÓRICO DE ALIMENTOS NO-INDUSTRIALIZADOS EXPENDIDOS EN ESCUELAS PRIMARIAS EN HERMOSILLO, SONORA
Authors: Rentería-Gutiérrez Tito Ramón , Ayala-Mendívil Amanda , Mártin-García Abraham Rogelio , Valdez-Melchor Ramón Gertrudis , Valenzuela-Avendaño Juan Pablo
Published: December 2015

Es importante determinar el contenido calórico de alimentos no-industrializados (ANI) expendidos en tiendas escolares, con la finalidad de fortalecer los programas en la lucha contra el sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes, por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación se centró en la cuantificación del contenido calórico total de los ANI de mayor consumo, siendo los molletes y sándwich los alimentos preferidos por los estudiantes, de acuerdo a un estudio realizado en nueve planteles de educación primaria, ubicados en tres diferentes zonas geográficas (sur, centro y noroeste) de Hermosillo, Sonora.

Se determinó el contenido calórico en molletes y sándwich por medio de calorimetría en bomba. Ambos alimentos sobrepasaron el aporte calórico recomendado por el Acuerdo Nacional para la Salud Alimentaria (ANSA, 2010). También se encontraron diferencias tanto en el contenido calórico como en el tamaño de los ANI, siendo la zona centro de la ciudad la que sobrepasó el estándar de calorías recomendadas (arriba de 300%). Los resultados revelan la necesidad de regular la preparación y el tamaño de las porciones en los alimentos no industrializados, ya que aportan un elevado contenido calórico, debiendo implementar mecanismos que garanticen el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones, permitiendo una fácil y confiable evaluación periódica de los mismos.
PRINCIPIOS DE ENTRENAMIENTO DEPORTIVO PARA LA MEJORA DE LAS CAPACIDADES FÍSICAS
Authors: Bernal-Reyes Fernando , Peralta-Mendívil Alejandro , Gavotto-Nogales Hugo Helio , Placencia-Camacho Lucía
Published: December 2015

El entrenamiento deportivo es un proceso complejo a través del cual un deportista puede, partiendo de su potencial genético, conseguir un determinado nivel de rendimiento, mediante los procesos de adaptación del organismo. El entrenamiento de todo deportista está sometido a una serie de principios que deben ser tomados en cuenta al momento de planificar tanto el año competitivo como la sesión del día. Tan importante son estos principios que no hace falta más que olvidarse de uno solo para que todo se derrumbe. De hecho, si a la hora de realizar un análisis del trabajo de entrenamiento a fin de año vemos algunos inconvenientes, es muy probable que el motivo se encuentre en una falla en los principios del entrenamiento deportivo. El éxito o fracaso del entrenador radica en la práctica acertada de estos principios. El presente artículo tiene como propósito central de adentrar al lector en el conocimiento y análisis de los principios generales más importantes del entrenamiento deportivo para la mejora de las capacidades físicas que posibiliten desarrollar potencialidades para el conocimiento de procesos y prácticas desde las dimensiones teóricas y metodológicas del entrenamiento.
Stress Testing of Retail and Corporate Segments of Russian Credit Market
Authors: M. Karminsky Alexander , S. Kozlov Oleg
Published: December 2015

The objective of the paper is to investigate and compare risk patterns in retail and corporate segments and assess the potential impact of macroeconomic shocks on loan quality. Banks’ monthly financial statements data for the period 2004 – 2012 are used. Firstly, we develop an indicator to measure institution’s credit risk that reflects variance and average value of NPL corrected for loan loss reserves. It is used to compare the risk-return patterns of largest state-owned banks, and under our framework we identify how the strategies of various banks differ in retail and corporate loans, identifying ‘safest’ and ‘riskiest’ institutions. Secondly, loan growth and credit risk sensitivity to macroeconomic shocks is analyzed using vector auto-regression. Macroeconomic shocks do not significantly increase NPL growth in the corporate segment. However, inflation and investment growth have a considerable impact on NPL growth in the retail segment (which is however almost three times less than the corporate). Based on these findings we conclude that there is no reason to expect rampant rise in corporate loan defaults in response to sudden changes in macroeconomic environment of Russia, though further growth of corporate loan segment increases credit risk, while the opposite is true about the retail sector.
Impact of microfinance institutions on economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs in developing countries
Authors: Rashid Fwamba , John Matete , Consolatta Nasimiyu , Stephen Sungwacha
Published: December 2015

This study mirrored out the effects of Microfinance on economic empowerment of Women Entrepreneurs in developing economies. Descriptive research design was used to assess the extent to which Women economic empowerment co-relates with Microfinance Institutions services. The target population was women entrepreneurs in Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) within Kakamega C.B.D. Simple random probability sampling was applied to select ten (10) MFIs where four (4) active women entrepreneurs from each MFI was taken, adding to forty (40) respondents. Both primary and secondary data was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Data collected was presented by descriptive statistics like pie charts and graphs. From the analysis, the results showed that microfinance services act as a key fulcrum to women entrepreneurs’ economic empowerment. The results were re-affirmed by a linear regression analysis (SPSS version 22). The findings will be used to make policy proposals that will see MFIs meet the economic empowerment needs of women Entrepreneurs to make developing countries progress as Kenya prepares to achieve vision 2030.
Innovation in the Enterprise: Market Orientation as an Important Factor towards Product Innovation
Authors: Nelson Villaverde Chavez Fernando ,   School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
Published: December 2015

The paper reviews the state of the aspects relating to business innovation in product and the process of measurement of success or failure in their performance, key elements of strategic reflection. It analyzes various theoretical conceptualizations of market orientation, the determinant factors of different market orientation level exhibited by companies and the positive consequences derived from an optic of this nature. There is also a brief consideration of the knowledge economy. We learned those factors that have led to the development of the knowledge economy and the effects that the usage of intangible knowledge company obtains. Marketing and innovation are the cornerstones of the business strategy of market-oriented organizations.
Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Practices at Bank Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Sangeetha Jaya
Published: December 2015

Integrity related practices are assuming great significance in the corporate governance of any financial institution today. This case looks at the Anti-money laundering (AML) practices at Bank Sohar, Sultanate of Oman. After a brief description of the company, the policy related to AML at Bank Sohar is described followed by the discussion of the process for embedding the policy within the organization. The mechanism for identifying and reporting the issues pertaining to the practice within the organization is explored and the mechanism for enforcing the practice is studied. Findings of the study suggest that the entire organization has to work together in order to create fool-proof policies leading to better acceptance and implementation. The practices follow the recommendations of Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) and other international studies in an effort to keep Bank Sohar free from any AML concerned potential threats.
Regional Approach to Luxury Market Segmentation: The Case Of Western Balkans
Authors: Husic-Mehmedovic Melika , Agic Emir
Published: December 2015

Nature of the luxury brand requires limited market in order to maintain exclusivity. Individual countries in the Western Balkans are not lucrative per se, therefore, regional segmentation is needed in the case of luxury brands. Countries of Western Balkan, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia are all post-socialist, post-war countries currently going through major transitions. Rather small markets are yet to be established in its final form politically, economically, socially and culturally and individually. Foreign investors and world’s leading companies are concerned mainly about the size of the potential individual market. The main idea of this paper is to analyze luxury consumption in the Western Balkans region in order to identify some consumption patterns and to describe the regional luxury consumer. Broad study among 800 respondents in four countries defines demographics and buying intent of the luxury consumers. Moreover, this study identified luxury consumer region-wide and helps luxury brand managers to target those small countries together as a rather significant market segment of approximately 20.000 consumers. The region that has shared similar historical and cultural facts proved to have similar or the same luxury consumption patterns. This paper has significant practical value for the luxury brand managers and their segmentation of the Western Balkan countries. They will decide much easier to target this region knowing that consumers are sharing the same lifestyle and preferences regarding the luxury consumption. Main limitation of the research is the average income of the sample. However, the top market segment is always difficult to reach with surveys, therefore, qualitative approach might be used in the further studies in this regard.
Effectiveness of Digital Marketing in the Challenging Age: An Empirical Study
Authors: Yasmin Afrina , Tasneem Sadia , Fatema Kaniz
Published: December 2015

Marketers are faced with new challenges and opportunities within this digital age. Digital marketing is the utilization of electronic media by the marketers to promote the products or services into the market. The main objective of digital marketing is attracting customers and allowing them to interact with the brand through digital media. This article focuses on the importance of digital marketing for both marketers and consumers. We examine the effect of digital marketing on the firms’ sales. Additionally the differences between traditional marketing and digital marketing in this paper are presented. This study has described various forms of digital marketing, effectiveness of it and the impact it has on firm’s sales. The examined sample consists of one hundred fifty firms and fifty executives which have been randomly selected to prove the effectiveness of digital marketing. Collected data has been analyzed with the help of various statistical tools and techniques.
An Assessment of Energy Consumption and Price Responsiveness: Evidence from Dominican Republic
Authors: Hernandez Jose Antonio , Koch Camilo
Published: December 2015

Electricity has a high impact in the activities and sectors of any economy. A considerable amount of studies relates the importance of electricity to economic growth of nations. Dominican Republic, though, has been in a process of energy reform, has not yet developed a stable electric delivering. This study is firstly conducted to ensure an overview of the electricity sector of Dominican Republic, describing the energy mix, national electricity situation, and main concerns on the sector reform that have been in process including other Latin American countries. Secondly, the paper aims to determine the elasticity of demand on energy generation sector through log linear regression method; analyzing the variation of price and quantity of demand interaction. Related researches concerning elasticity of demand in other countries such as Australia, Israel, China and United States, shows close similarity to our result, where elasticity tends to be inelastic (0.57) but not perfectly inelastic to variation on price. While the energy market structures by sectors may be complex, customers’ response to pricing signals can promote efficient investment in the long-run term, help mitigate short-run market power by generators and transmission owners, reduce price spikes, low price volatility, and consequently support price mechanism.
Scientists Collaborating with Industry: An Exploration of Industry Engagement Types
Authors: Nahar Munny Kamrun , Ahamed Galib Mostak , Lin Ding
Published: December 2015

Involvement of researchers in industry is undeniably beneficial for companies. It drives innovations, patents, licenses and ultimately profits. However, participation of scientists in industry is still scarce. With the aim of emphasizing the benefits of scientific involvement in industry, we conducted a comprehensive exploration of various types of involvement. Contributions of scientists to industry sector comes through 5 types of collaboration encompassing: licensing, collaborative research, academic entrepreneurship, contract research and consulting. This kind of typology enables practitioners to see what collaboration type they may engage in and is optimal for their business needs.
СASE OF NONPERFORATING NONLETHAL WOUND OF THE HEAD, CAUSED BY CHILD’S OWN HANDS
Authors: Kononov R. V. , Mezentsev A. A.
Published: December 2015

Case of gunshot wound in head of 3 years old boy caused by nonlethal pistol PB–4 “Wasp” described in this article. Bullet retained in skull cavity and doctors decided not to disturb it for avoiding sever complications. There are no serious dysfunction’s in general, neurological and mental status 9 months later after the incident.
THE INVISIBILITY OF THE HEAVY HEALTH HARM IN THEMORPHOLOGY OF FRACTUREDISLOCATION OF THE FOREARM’S BONES. CONFRONTATION IS GOING ON
Authors: Kulikov S. N.
Published: December 2015

The article deals with the expert interpretation of the weight and the mechanism of the formation of the casus of fracture-dislocation of the forearm’s bones composing elbow joint. The author touches upon the interpretation in the regime of remaining collegiate confrontation in the epic of the prolonged forensic process. The main subject of the confrontation was the opposite evaluation of the trauma weight (harm to the health grave or medium-gravity). The principle difference of the expert judgements on the fact of the discussed trauma is in the use of the definitions p. 6.11., p. 6.11.3., p. 6.11.11., p. 7.1. of the Medical criteria of the severity determination of the harm caused to the human’s health approved by the Order № 194n by the health Ministry of Russia the 24th of April 2008.The author shows the importance for the expert process of appropriate but not spontaneous visualization of the initial trauma morphology recorded by the X-ray picture in case of the first patient’s call for medical aid. The author stated the insistency of the opposing experts in the invisibility of the evident morphology of fracture-dislocation of the forearm’s bones composing elbow joint.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF EXAMINATION OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY DEFECTS
Authors: Timerzyanov M. I. , Oladoshkina O. Y. , Selivanova D. R. , Dementyeva M. V.
Published: December 2015

The article is devoted to the question of appointment and carrying out the examinations of health care delivery defects. The analysis of the current legislation is carried out. The option of carrying out complex examinations with involvement of experts of quality is offered.
“Student assessment in the clinical environment – what can we learn from the US experience?”
Authors: Hyams Ross
Published: December 2015

Clinical legal education has a relatively short history in Australia of some thirty years. By contrast, the US has a much longer and diverse history of clinical pedagogy and has been successfully teaching and assessing students in University legal clinics for over half a century. Traditional law school teaching methodology relies heavily on the Langdellian style of lectures, tutorials and then a form of summative evaluation. Clinical pedagogy is a radical departure from this style and as such assessment of clinical students necessitates a different approach. Clinicians have a duty to offer assessment regimes which complement the clinical technique of law teaching.

This paper proceeds from the fundamental premise that there is a distinct purpose in assessing clinical students. As clinic is often only offered in the latter years of a law degree, it is the culmination of a student’s law school experience and thus seen by many students as the “testing ground” as to whether they can actually be a lawyer and what sort of lawyer they might be. The underlying objective of assessment in a clinical environment is to measure the development and progress of individual legal skills in each student enrolled in the clinic. This is not a normative measure and thus clinical assessment cannot be based upon objective standards. In this author’s view, assessment in clinic is about the development of legal, personal and ethical skills which is distinctive to the individual student – progressing students in their own personal development track.

This paper investigates the issue of student assessment in the clinical environment and provides a comparative analysis of the US and Australian clinical assessment experience and the different assessment regimes currently being utilized in the clinical environment. It investigates whether the “younger” clinical programs in Australia can learn from the US experience. It considers what, if anything, might be adapted from that jurisdiction that would be relevant and appropriate for the Australian clinical environment.
Clinical Legal Education in the Law University: Goals and Challenges
Authors: Barry Margaret
Published: December 2015

Calls for reform of legal education in India have focused on preparation and relevance. The route to achieving both has consistently been linked to clinical legal education. In 1999, I heard one of the leaders of legal education in India, Dr. Madhava Menon, discuss his goals for clinical legal education in at the first Global Alliance for Justice Education Conference in Trivandrum. I learned at the time that he had been invited to lead a new law school in the country, and he made it clear that clinical legal education would be central to the new law school model that he intended to pursue, a model based on recommendations that grew out of prior assessments of legal education in India. Under this model, law students would be trained to be productive members of a community of lawyers that had refined the skills needed to develop and implement creative  strategies for addressing the pressing demand for social justice in the country. The approach reflected a connection between responsibility for the underserved and goals for clinical legal education in India that dates back to collaboration with academics from the United States in the late 1960’s.
“No me des el pescado, enséñame a pescar” “Do not hand me fish, teach me how to fish” Community Lawyering in Puerto Rico: Promoting empowerment and self-help
Authors: Morales-Cruz Myrta
Published: December 2015

Law 232 of August 27, 2004 has a special meaning to the people residing in some of Puerto Rico's poorest communities. It was the result of the hard work, during a period of a year and a half, of leaders from some of these communities and my students, the students of the community development section of the Legal Aid Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico’s School of Law. The story of Law 232 can provide insight into what the role of a lawyer can be in the battle against poverty. To understand the story of this Puerto Rican law, one has to go back to August of 2002. During that month the University of Puerto Rico's School of Law Legal Aid Clinic inaugurated its community development section.
Deconstructing Innocence: Reflections from a Public Defender: Can student attorneys accept the paradigm of guilt and continue zealous representation?
Authors: Brown Geneva
Published: December 2015

I am a true believer. I was a public defender for nine years and represented thousands of guilty defendants without guilt or emotional angst. The public defender credo is to give zealous representation without consideration for the innocence or guilt of the client. As a clinical instructor I must impart ethical and diligent representation to my students.3 I found, however, when discussing cases during our weekly case rounds the paradigm of innocence would inevitably become a question for the student attorney. The students imputed guilt and innocence to be mutually exclusive. 

Imparting the ethical component of criminal defense – to be competent in having legal knowledge, skill and thoroughness of preparation – to the students was a job I was thoroughly prepared to teach. I found, however, that beyond ethical considerations of representing clients, I needed to deconstruct innocence. I wanted to present to students a paradigm that guilt or innocence is secondary to servicing the needs of the client and protecting the client’s rights through the maze of a convoluted and dispassionate court system. Creating a dialogue that evolved from loaded terms such as guilt, truth or innocence and creating representation where the focal point became servicing the needs of the client became my goal. 

This article examines the impact and the importance of the innocence movement and the unintended effects on criminal defense representation. Part I examines the impact of innocence in my juvenile clinic. Part II proceeds to examine the paradigm of the innocence movement and its impact on the criminal justice system. Part III examines the rise of Innocence Projects and the effect on clinical legal education. Part IV deconstructs the importance of innocence and the substantive and procedural problems with innocence. Part V concludes the article with an assertion of the importance of zealous representation regardless of innocence or guilt. 
“The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”: The Response of the Clinic
Authors: Gibson Frances
Published: December 2015

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) which entered into force on 3 May 2008 offers the opportunity to people with a disability to press governments for change on the basis of rights accorded to them under the treaty. Article 13 of the Convention requires States to ensure effective access to justice for persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others. This article draws on the Australian experience. The Convention is particularly relevant in all States that have ratified it but can be used as an indicator of best practice by all States and organisations. Up to twenty per cent of all people have a disability and all clinics may have clients, staff and students with a disability. This paper examines the parameters of the right to access to justice as it relates to the clinic and proposes a set of guidelines drawn from the literature that enable clinics to assess their current practices.