bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSCR impact assessment :
Authors: Bochert Monika
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this impact assessment is to provide stakeholders with
relevant information about how the PSCR program spent Public Safety Trust Funds and
the results of that funding. This report seeks to demonstrate the value and positive
outcomes of a one-time injection of funds into a topic area and the extent to which
this model can be repeated in other areas of significant impact, such as
semiconductor research and manufacturing programs or incentivizing research in the
cause and effects of climate change.
Strategic Capabilities and Performance of Insurance Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Zawadi Anne  Ngundi , Omwenga Dr. Jane Queen
Published: August 2023

The insurance sector has witnessed growth in both the corporate and private sectors driven by increased insurance uptake among corporations and individuals. However, despite the dynamic nature of the sector, some insurance firms face significant challenges in keeping up with their counterparts. To address the performance variations in the insurance sector, it is crucial to examine strategic capabilities such as technical knowledge, innovation, learning culture and service quality and their impact on performance of NSE listed firms in Kenya. This study aims to investigate how strategic capabilities influence the performance of these firms. The specific objectives of the study were: to examine the effect of innovation capability on the performance of NSE-listed insurance companies in Kenya; to determine the effect of service quality capability on the performance of NSE-listed insurance companies in Kenya; to investigate the effect of technical knowledge capability on the performance of NSE-listed insurance companies in Kenya and to examine the effect of learning culture  capability on the performance of NSE-listed insurance companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Resource based view theory, Knowledge based view and Dynamic capabilities theories.  A descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was adopted targeting 258 senior staff members of six listed insurance firms on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. A sample size of 156 respondents was determined by Yamane formula and stratified random sampling technique used for sample selection. Structured questionnaire was used for primary data collection with a pilot test involving 16 respondents to ensure the validity and reliability of the research instrument. Data analysis was performed with an aid of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) software employing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression models.  The findings revealed that innovation strategic capability, service quality strategic capability, technical knowledge strategic capability and learning culture strategic capability all had a positive significant relationship with performance of NSE-listed insurance companies in Kenya. The study therefore recommended that insurance firms listed at the NSE should invest in innovation, service quality, technical knowledge and learning culture to enhance their performance.
Transcriptomic profiling of tissue environments critical for post-embryonic patterning and morphogenesis of zebrafish skin
Authors: Aman Andrew J. , Saunders Lauren M. , Carr August A. , Srivatsan Sanjay R. , Eberhard Colten D. , Carrington Blake , Watkins-Chow Dawn , Pavan William J. , Trapnell Cole , Parichy David M.
Published: August 2023

Pigment patterns and skin appendages are prominent features of vertebrate skin. In zebrafish, regularly patterned pigment stripes and an array of calcified scales form simultaneously in the skin during post-embryonic development. Understanding mechanisms that regulate stripe patterning and scale morphogenesis may lead to discovery of fundamental mechanisms that govern development of animal form. To learn about cell types and signaling interactions that govern skin patterning and morphogenesis we generated and analyzed single cell transcriptomes of skin from wild-type fish as well as fish having genetic or transgenically induced defects in squamation or pigmentation. These data reveal a previously undescribed population of epidermal cells that express transcripts encoding enamel matrix proteins, suggest hormonal control of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling, clarify the signaling network that governs scale papillae development, and identify a critical role for the hypodermis in supporting pigment cell development. Additionally, these comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic data representing skin phenotypes of biomedical relevance should provide a useful resource for accelerating discovery of mechanisms that govern skin development and homeostasis.
Graded Epidural Anaesthesia with Low-Dose Phenylephrine Infusion for Management of Caesarean Section Complicated with Severe Mitral Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Kritika , Kumar Bonchanpalli Mohan , Parveen Shirin
Published: August 2023

A pregnant patient with a heart condition poses a unique challenge for the obstetrician and anaesthesiologist. Understanding the physiology of pregnancy and the pathophysiology of primary heart disease is important when providing anaesthesia for these highrisk patients during childbirth. A 32-year-old primigravida at 35 weeks and two days of gestation was diagnosed with Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), severe Mitral Stenosis (MS), moderate Mitral Regurgitation (MR), mild Atrial Regurgitation (AR), moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR), Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), Atrial Fibrillation (AF), and Grade-II New York Heart Association (NYHA). The patient underwent an Elective Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS) performed under epidural anaesthesia, and complications were satisfactorily managed.
Optimized Adsorption of Pb(II) ION from Aqueous Solution Using Sharp Sand: Ann and RSM Modelling
Authors: Egwuatu C. I. , Okafor P. C. , Ndubuisi J. O. , Ezeagwu P. C.
Published: August 2023

Aim: This study was aimed at using sharp sand as an adsorbent to optimize the removal of Pb ionsfrom simulated water and water obtained from Enyigba River.

Study Design: Adsorption experiment was designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was also used to predict % Pb(II)removal.

Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, June 2012 to June 2023.

Methodology: Sharp sand was modified with salicylic acid, noted as SSM and then characterized. Experiments were carried out by varying four adsorption factors: concentration, time, pH and temperature. Adsorption experiments were also done for equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies.

Results: The modified sharp sand showed a high percentage of silicon. RSM and ANN predicted the sorption of Pb(II) well with R2 values > 0.9. The optimal values for concentration, time, pH and temperature are 0.0125mg/l, 100sec, 2, 20oC respectively. Langmuir isotherm gave the better fit and adsorption was endothermic with positive ∆H. Adsorption followed second-order kinetics. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups that were responsible for adsorption. Enyigba River water is slightly polluted with lead ions with concentrations higher than WHO standard.

Conclusion: The adsorbent was able to remove over 70% of the metal ions from both the simulated and Enyigba River water.
The Study of Freshwater Indigenous Ornamental Fishes Available in Selected Sites of Southern Bengal and Their Present Status in Natural Habitats
Authors: Mukherjee R. , Maity J.
Published: August 2023

Aims: To study the diversity of Ornamental fishes as native species by origin from certain parts of Southern Bengal, have importance in export world of ornamental trading in and across India along with their status in natural habitats.

Study Design: An intricate survey was performed along with formal-informal interviews

Place and Duration of Study: Survey sites included Howrah, North 24 Paraganas and South 24 Paraganas, Fish Markets, Pet Markets, and Several Fish Farms.

Methodology: Live specimens after collecting from natural water bodies like ponds, canals, rivers with the help of fishing nets and gears, are immediately preserved in 5% formalin. Later identification and further investigations are completed in the laboratory.

Results: 70 native species from 9 orders were enlisted to for their potentiality but few are exporting from Kolkata market and have gained popularity. 23 indigenous varieties are regularly exporting from Southern Bengal. Some of those species can be kept commercially in aquarium without hurting their biology.

Conclusion: This entire practice of export and domestic supply rely upon mostly wild capture which is unorganised and sometimes unauthorised, ultimately impacts on declination of population and downward indication of biodiversity. Additionally, environmental issues and also anthropogenic activities such as habitat destruction, fragmentation, alteration of water quality due to water pollution, agri-based effluents etc. confirm their loss in nature.  Finally, this study recommends that appropriate managements on breeding and culture, quality feed development, consciousness about the species, awareness on the role of species in ecological terms, proper training can only forbid these native wealth from extinction in near future.
Correlation between Increased Leukocyte Counts in Patients with Acute Phase Hemorrhagic Stroke with Early Neurological Deterioration Events
Authors: Sahetapi Chyntia Monalisa , Aritonang Christina Roseville Lasma
Published: August 2023

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs in 15% of stroke cases. Increased leukocyte counts in the acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke are believed to be related to the incidence of early neurological deterioration. This study aims to determine the relationship between increased leukocyte count and early neurological deterioration in hemorrhagic stroke patients while being treated at UKI General Hospital. This research is analytic research with a cross-sectional design. There were 38 research subjects. The sample was selected using total sampling with specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study subjects were grouped into leukocytosis with leukocyte values > 11,000/µL blood and normoleukocytes with leukocyte ranges ranging from 4000-11000/µL blood. The data used is secondary data. The results of the study were processed using the SPSS computer program. It was found that early neurological deterioration in patients with leukocytosis was significantly higher than in patients with normoleucosis, with a Relative Risk of early neurological deterioration in patients with leukocytosis of 3.003 (CI 95%); p=0.031). A significant relationship exists between increased leukocyte count (leukocytosis) upon admission and early neurological deterioration while being treated for hemorrhagic stroke patients at the UKI General Hospital.
Prescribed performance control for uncertain underactuated systems via constraint‐following with application to a PVTOL aircraft
Authors: Liu Yifan , Chen Ye‐Hwa , Yu Dejie , Yin Hui
Published: August 2023

Guaranteeing prescribed transient and steady state performance (TSSP) for mechanical systems is of great significance to their motion control, motivating the prescribed performance control (PPC). This study investigates the PPC for uncertain underactuated systems. We consider time‐varying (possibly fast), bounded uncertainty including large mismatched portions, however the bound is unknown. The control design is implemented via constraint‐following, that is, rendering the system to follow a series of servo constraints. We hence impose the prescribed TSSP on the constraint‐following error. An approximation‐free adaptive robust PPC based on a state transformation technique is designed, achieving approximate constraint‐following and guaranteeing the prescribed TSSP to be satisfied. It employs an adaptive law to online estimate the unknown bounds for uncertainty compensation. It does not assume sufficiently small mismatched uncertainties, hence admitting large mismatched uncertainties. The stability of the controlled underactuated systems is sustained by rigorous proofs. By the proposed approach, the PPC of a planar vertical take‐off and landing aircraft is explored, which also illustrates the effectiveness of the approach.
Mutual Reinforcement of Evaporation and Catalysis for Efficient Freshwater–Salt–Chemical Production
Authors: Li Dan , Liang Zhiqiang , Yang He , Zhang Mingjia , Cao Kunli , Zhao Bo , Wang Yawen , Peng Meiwen , Sun Yinghui , Jiang Lin
Published: August 2023

The development of mutually reinforcing solar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) and integrated functional materials/systems to achieve efficient production of freshwater and energy/matters simultaneously under extremely high solar utilization is in high demand. Herein, an integrated SDIE reaction system (reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐palladium (Pd) catalytic evaporator, rGO‐Pd) is first reported, where SDIE and the integrated catalytic reaction are mutually reinforced. The apparent utilization of solar to thermal energy by the integrated SDIE reaction system is a combination of evaporative utilization and catalytic utilization. The reaction heat released by the rGO‐Pd catalytic evaporator enhances its anti‐salt water production performance to a record of 12.7 L m−2 h−1, surpassing the reported performance of other integrated SDIE reaction systems. In the rGO‐Pd catalytic evaporator, the synergetic effect of photothermal and rapid mass transfer significantly increases the catalytic activity (turnover frequency) of Pd catalysts up to a record 125.07 min−1, which is about 3.75 times of the condition without light. This integrated SDIE reaction system can effectively and simultaneously produce freshwater, salt, and catalyzed chemicals after evaporating water to dryness. This study paves the way for SDIE's high‐performance applications in future integrated water, energy, and environmental systems.
Flexible MXene‐Based Hydrogel Enables Wearable Human–Computer Interaction for Intelligent Underwater Communication and Sensing Rescue
Authors: Ni Yimeng , Zang Xuerui , Chen Jiajun , Zhu Tianxue , Yang Yue , Huang Jianying , Cai Weilong , Lai Yuekun
Published: August 2023

Conductive hydrogels have recently attracted extensive attention in the field of smart wearable electronics. Despite the current versatility of conductive hydrogels, the balance between mechanical properties (tensile properties, strength, and toughness) and electrical properties (electrical conductivity, sensitivity, and stability) still faces great challenges. Herein, a simplified method for constructing hydrophobic association hydrogels with excellent mechanical and electrical properties is proposed. The prepared conductive hydrogels exhibit high tensile properties (≈1224%), high linearity in the whole‐strain–range (R2 = 0.999), and a wide strain sensing range (2700%). The conductive hydrogel can realize more than 1000 cycles of sensing under 500% tensile strain. As an application demonstration, an underwater communication device is assembled in combination with polydimethylsiloxane/Triton X‐100 film coating, which successfully transmits underwater signals and provides warning of potential hazards. This study provides a new research method for developing underwater equipment with excellent mechanical properties and sensing properties.
Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technologies for the Construction of Artificial Cells
Authors: Tan Siyuan , Ai Yongjian , Yin Xinchi , Xue Zhichao , Fang Xiang , Liang Qionglin , Gong Xiaoyun , Dai Xinhua
Published: August 2023

Artificial cells are synthetic constructs that emulate natural cells, with potential applications in areas of energy science, environmental treatment, and the study of life's origins. Nevertheless, the construction of artificial cells is a formidable undertaking, given the intricate nature of natural cells in structures, functions, and working mechanisms. With precise control, high automation, and excellent uniformity, microfluidics has emerged as a promising approach for the construction of artificial cells. This review summarizes the latest microfluidic techniques utilized to construct artificial cells, ranging from simple droplets to sophisticated cell‐inspired systems. These include the generation of droplets, the production of vesicles (lipid‐based and polymer‐based vesicles), the fabrication of polymeric microparticles with various compartments, shapes, and microstructures, as well as the manufacture of sophisticated cell‐inspired systems. The characteristics of different methods for the construction of artificial cells are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the wide‐ranging applications of artificial cells are also showcased. Finally, contemporary obstacles and forthcoming advancements are discussed in the field of microfluidic‐based artificial cells. This review is supposed to stimulate research in the construction of more functional and natural‐like artificial cells, as well as works in the fields of material, biology, environment, medicine, and energy.
Ultrafine PtMo Nanocrystals Confined on N‐Doped Carbon Toward Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wan Fei , Li Xiaogang , Chen Xiaohui , Xiong Shenglin , Xi Baojuan
Published: August 2023

Pt‐based nanocrystals with tunable electronic structure and optimized atom efficiency are essential for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance and further industrial application. However, the synthesis of uniform and ordered nanocrystals is still a challenge due to the uncontrollable size growth of metal particles, restricting the active sites toward the desired catalytic activity. Herein, the synthesis of ultrafine bimetal PtMo nanocrystals on N‐doped carbon (PtMo‐NC) through an anchoring‐sites engineering strategy is reported, in which the N‐rich carbon can provide abundant sites to anchor the metal atoms and suppress the over aggregation. The PtMo‐NC catalyst exhibits superior HER performance in both alkaline and acidic conditions, delivering a smaller overpotential (80 mV and 63 mV) at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline and acidic media. Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of Mo atom into Pt can reduce the energy barrier of water molecule dissociation and optimize the H intermediate absorption strength on Pt sites, thus boosting the catalytic HER performance. This study offers a universal strategy to design ultrafine nanocatalysts to achieve high‐efficiency electrocatalysis.
Space and Bond Synergistic Conjugation Controlling Multiple‐Aniline NIR‐II Absorption for Photoacoustic Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Longcai , Pan Yi , Ye Luyi , Zhang Tian , Chen Yang , Liang Chen , Chen Dapeng , Mou Xiaozhou , Dong Xiaochen , Cai Yu
Published: August 2023

Currently, clinical photothermal therapy (PTT) is greatly limited by the poor tissue penetration of the excitation light sources in visible (390–780 nm) and first near‐infrared (NIR‐I, 780–900 nm) window. Herein, based on space and bond synergistic conjugation, a multiple‐aniline organic small molecule (TPD), is synthesized for high‐efficiency second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 900–1700 nm) photoacoustic imaging guided PTT. With the heterogeneity of six nitrogen atoms in TPD, the lone electrons on the nitrogen atom and the π bond orbital on the benzene ring form multielectron conjugations with highly delocalized state, which endowed TPD with strong NIR‐II absorption (maximum peak at 925 nm). Besides, according to the single molecular reorganization, the alkyl side chains on TPD make more free space for intramolecular motion to enhance the photothermal conversion ability. Forming TPD nanoparticles (NPs) in J‐aggregation, they show a further bathochromic‐shifted absorbance (maximum peak at 976 nm) as well as a high photothermal conversion efficiency (66.7%) under NIR‐II laser irradiation. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that TPD NPs can effectively inhibit the growth of tumors without palpable side effects. The study provides a novel NIR‐II multiple‐aniline structure based on multielectron hyperconjugation, and opens a new design thought for photothermal agents.
Conformation Dependent Architectures of Assembled Antimicrobial Peptides with Enhanced Antimicrobial Ability
Authors: Lan Xinmiao , Zhong Jie , Huang Regina , Liu Yuhan , Ma Xiaowei , Li Xuan , Zhao Dan , Qing Guangchao , Zhang Yuxuan , Liu Lu , Wang Jinjin , Ma Xu , Luo Ting , Guo Weisheng , Wang Yuji , Li Li‐Li , Su Yu‐Xiong , Liang Xing‐Jie
Published: August 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a developing class of natural and synthetic oligopeptides with host defense mechanisms against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. With in‐depth research on the structural conformations of AMPs, synthesis or modification of peptides has shown great potential in effectively obtaining new therapeutic agents with improved physicochemical and biological properties. Notably, AMPs with self‐assembled properties have gradually become a hot research topic for various biomedical applications. Compared to monomeric peptides, these peptides can exist in diverse forms (e.g., nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanofibers) and possess several advantages, such as high stability, good biocompatibility, and potent biological functions, after forming aggregates under specific conditions. In particular, the stability and antibacterial property of these AMPs can be modulated by rationally regulating the peptide sequences to promote self‐assembly, leading to the reconstruction of molecular structure and spatial orientation while introducing some peptide fragments into the scaffolds. In this work, four self‐assembled AMPs are developed, and the relationship between their chemical structures and antibacterial activity is explored extensively through different experiments. Importantly, the evaluation of antibacterial performance in both in vitro and in vivo studies has provided a general guide for using self‐assembled AMPs in subsequent treatments for combating bacterial infections.
Spiral‐Structured Dielectric Polymers Exhibiting Ultrahigh Energy Density and Charge–Discharge Efficiency at High Temperatures
Authors: Ran Zhaoyu , Wang Rui , Fu Jing , Yang Mingcong , Li Manxi , Hu Jun , He Jinliang , Li Qi
Published: August 2023

The growing need for high‐power and compact‐size energy storage in modern electronic and electrical systems demands polymer film capacitors with excellent temperature capability. However, conventional polymer dielectrics feature dramatic deterioration in capacitive performance under concurrent high temperature and electric field because the high thermal stability traditionally relies on the conjugated, planar molecular segments in the polymer chains. Herein, inspired by the stable double helix structures of deoxyribonucleic acid, spiral‐structured dielectric polymers that exhibit simultaneous high thermal stability and great capacitive performance are demonstrated. Both the experimental results and computational simulations confirm that the spiral groups serve to weaken the electrostatic molecular interaction, induce proper molecular chain stacking structure, and regulate the charge transfer process by breaking the conjugated planes and introducing deep trap sites. The resultant polymer exhibits the maximum discharged energy densities of 7.29 and 6.13 J cm−3 with the charge–discharge efficiency above 90% at 150 and 200 °C, respectively, more than ten times those of the original dielectric at the same conditions. Here a completely new dimension is offered for the molecular design of polymers, giving rise to well‐balanced thermal and dielectric properties, and ultimately the desired capacitive energy storage performance at high temperatures.
AIEgen‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Preventing Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias Via Local Hyperthermia Therapy
Authors: Zhang Liang , Guo Fuding , Xu Saiting , Deng Qiang , Xie Mengjie , Sun Jianwei , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Deng Hexiang , Jiang Hong , Yu Lilei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2023

The engineering of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgen) based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), TDTA‐COF, BTDTA‐COF, and BTDBETA‐COF are reported, as hyperthermia agents for inhibiting the occurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). These AIE COFs exhibit dual functionality, as they not only directly modulate the function and neural activity of stellate ganglion (SG) through local hyperthermia therapy (LHT) but also induce the browning of white fat and improve the neuroinflammation peri‐SG microenvironment, which is favorable for inhibiting ischemia‐induced VAs. In vivo studies have confirmed that BTDBETA‐COF‐mediated LHT enhances thermogenesis and browning‐related gene expression, thereby serving a synergistic role in combating VAs. Transcriptome analysis of peri‐SG adipose tissue reveals a substantial downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, highlighting the potency of BTDBETA‐COF‐mediated LHT in ameliorating the neuroinflammation peri‐SG microenvironment and offering myocardial and arrhythmia protection. The work on AIE COF‐based hyperthermia agent for VAs inhibition provides a new avenue for mitigating cardiac sympathetic nerve hyperactivity.
Regulating Phase Separation Kinetics for High‐Efficiency and Mechanically Robust All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jianqiu , Wang Yafei , Xian Kaihu , Qiao Jiawei , Chen Zhihao , Bi Pengqing , Zhang Tao , Zheng Zhong , Hao Xiaotao , Ye Long , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: August 2023

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) possess excellent operation stability and mechanical robustness than other types of organic solar cells, thereby attracting considerable attention for wearable flexible electron devices. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐PSCs are still lagging behind those of small‐molecule‐acceptor‐based systems owing to the limitation of photoactive materials and unsatisfactory blend morphology. In this work, a novel terpolymer, denoted as PBDB‐TFCl (poly4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4‐fluorothiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b″]dithiophene‐1,3‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐5,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4H,8H‐benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c″]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione‐4,8‐bis(4‐chloro‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene), is used as an electron donor coupled with a ternary strategy to optimize the performance of all‐PSCs. The addition of PBDB‐TCl unit deepens the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, reducing voltage losses. Moreover, the introduction of the guest donor (D18‐Cl) effectively regulates the phase‐transition kinetics of PBDB‐TFCl:D18‐Cl:PY‐IT during the film formation, leading to ideal size of aggregations and enhanced crystallinity. PBDB‐TFCl:D18‐Cl:PY‐IT devices exhibit a PCE of 18.6% (certified as 18.3%), judged as the highest value so far obtained with all‐PSCs. Besides, based on the ternary active layer, the manufactured 36 cm2 flexible modules exhibit a PCE of 15.1%. Meanwhile, the ternary PSCs exhibit superior photostability and mechanical stability. In summary, the proposed strategy, based on molecular design and the ternary strategy, allows optimization of the all‐polymer blend morphology and improvement of the photovoltaic performance for stable large‐scale flexible PSCs.
Sprayable Thermoset Nanocomposite Coatings Based on Silanized‐PEG/ZnO to Prevent Microbial Infections of Titanium Implants
Authors: Morselli Davide , Iseppi Ramona , Papadopoulou Evie L. , Bolelli Giovanni , Sabia Carla , Degli Esposti Micaela , Fabbri Paola
Published: August 2023

Post‐surgery microbial infections are still one of the main reasons for implant failure, which results in very high physical and psychological pain for the patient and an increased cost for the healthcare system. A polymer nanocomposite antibacterial coating on titanium implants represents a valuable alternative to the more expensive and energy‐consuming technological solutions nowadays used. In this regard, a sprayable thermoset nanocomposite composed of silanized‐terminals polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ZnO nanoparticle is herein proposed. Initially, PEG's terminals' solvent‐free silanization and curing are studied by Fourier Transform Infrared and µRaman spectroscopies. Scanning Electron Microscope investigations and scratch tests have shown that the spraying procedure optimization and the oxidation treatment of the titanium substrate lead to a homogeneous coverage and improved adhesion of the coatings. The antibacterial activity is tested against not only both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial American Type Culture Collection strains, but also using very aggressive antibiotic‐resistant clinical strains. Interestingly, antibacterial activity, evaluated by time‐killing tests, is observed for all tested bacterial strains. Live/dead tests further confirm that 5 wt% of ZnO allows obtaining a bacteriostatic activity within 24 h, whereas a complete growth inhibition (bactericidal activity) of both tested strains is observed for coatings with 20 wt% of ZnO nanoparticles.
Tunable Excitation Polarized Upconversion Luminescence and Reconfigurable Double Anti‐Counterfeiting from Er3+ Doped Single Nanorods
Authors: Wen Dongping , Zuo Shanling , Huang Chunfeng , Tan Zongqian , Lu Fuxi , Liang Yi , Mo Xiaoming , Lin Tao , Cao Sheng , Qiu Jianrong , Zhao Jialong , Chen Ping
Published: August 2023

Excitation polarized upconversion luminescence (EPUL) from lanthanide ions has attracted considerable attention due to its wide applications in microfluidics, single particle tracking, security inks, and cell internal viscosity testing. However, controlling the degree of excitation polarization (DOEP) of the EPUL remains a significant challenge. Here, the modulation of the DOEP (from 0 to 0.5) of the EPUL from Er3+ doped single nanorods by changing the concentration of doped Er3+, Yb3+, or Mn2+ is systematically studied. By analyzing the lifetimes and disproportionate changes in luminescence intensities, it is found that optimizing Er3+, Yb3+, or Mn2+ concentration can reduce non‐radiative transition and population density in excited states, leading to the enhancement of the DOEP under a good alignment of transition dipoles. Furthermore, the possibility of anti‐counterfeiting based on such tunable EPUL is illustrated. Three kinds of fine patterns with a small size of 10 µm are realized by assembling the single nanorods accurately via optical tweezers. The patterns and their EPUL guarantee double protection for the feasibility of anti‐counterfeiting. The findings of this study offer insights into the EPUL from lanthanide ions and provide a microscale platform via the EPUL for the application of multidimensional information encoding and reconfigurable double anti‐counterfeiting.
Bioactive Magnetic Materials in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review of Recent Findings in CaP‐Based Particles and 3D‐Printed Scaffolds
Authors: Carvalho Tania S. S. , Torres Paula M. C. , Belo João H. , Mano João , Olhero Susana M.
Published: August 2023

Diverse applications of nanoparticles (NP) have been revolutionary for various industrial sectors worldwide. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have gained great interest because of their applications in specialized medical areas. This review starts with a brief overview of the magnetic behavior of MNP and a short description of their most used synthesis methods. The second part is dedicated to the MNP applications in tissue engineering, emphasizing the calcium phosphate‐based NP with intrinsic magnetic properties, recently highlighted in the literature as alternative and viable solutions for bone regeneration. The challenges associated with the controversial long‐term toxicity effects of MNP can be overcome using this new generation of multifunctional bone‐like magnetic materials. Furthermore, the influence of magnetic field parameters, such as modality of application, intensity, and spatial distribution, on the biological behavior of magnetic materials, especially for bone repair, is shown. The last part of the review presents the current state of the art regarding the development of magnetic biomaterials for additive manufacturing (AM), aiming to fabricate scaffolds by AM technologies, focusing on bone tissue engineering applications.
Cation‐Radius‐Controlled Sn−O Bond Length Boosting CO2 Electroreduction over Sn‐Based Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Chen Mingfa , Chang Kuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zhenbao , Dong Yuming , Qiu Xiaoyu , Jiang Heqing , Zhu Yongfa , Zhu Jiawei
Published: August 2023

Despite the intriguing potential shown by Sn‐based perovskite oxides in CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR), the rational optimization of their CO2RR properties is still lacking. Here we report an effective strategy to promote CO2‐to‐HCOOH conversion of Sn‐based perovskite oxides by A‐site‐radius‐controlled Sn−O bond lengths. For the proof‐of‐concept examples of Ba1−xSrxSnO3, as the A‐site cation average radii decrease from 1.61 to 1.44 Å, their Sn−O bonds are precisely shortened from 2.06 to 2.02 Å. Our CO2RR measurements show that the activity and selectivity of these samples for HCOOH production exhibit volcano‐type trends with the Sn−O bond lengths. Among these samples, the Ba0.5Sr0.5SnO3 features the optimal activity (753.6 mA ⋅ cm−2) and selectivity (90.9 %) for HCOOH, better than those of the reported Sn‐based oxides. Such optimized CO2RR properties could be attributed to favorable merits conferred by the precisely controlled Sn−O bond lengths, e.g., the regulated band center, modulated adsorption/activation of intermediates, and reduced energy barrier for *OCHO formation. This work brings a new avenue for rational design of advanced Sn‐based perovskite oxides toward CO2RR.
Die Elektrokatalyse der Wasserstoffentwicklung im Sauren an Hochentropielegierungen korreliert mit dem von der Zusammensetzung abhängigen Nullladungspotential
Authors: Kim Moonjoo , Batsa Tetteh Emmanuel , Krysiak Olga A. , Savan Alan , Xiao Bin , Piotrowiak Tobias Horst , Andronescu Corina , Ludwig Alfred , Dong Chung Taek , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: August 2023

Aufgrund der enormen Variation möglicher Elementkombinationen von Hochentropielegierungen (HEAs) ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, Aktivitätsdeskriptoren zu finden, um rationale Prinzipien für die Entwicklung von Elektrokatalysatoren zu entwickeln. Trotz der zunehmenden Beachtung des Nullladungspotentials (PZC) bei Elektrokatalysatoren für die Wasserstoffevolutionsreaktion (HER), wurden weder das PZC von HEAs noch die Auswirkungen des PZC auf die HER‐Aktivität bei HEAs beschrieben. Hier verwenden wir die rasterelektrochemische Zellmikroskopie (SECCM), um das PZC und die HER‐Aktivitäten verschiedener Elementzusammensetzungen einer Pt−Pd−Ru−Ir−Ag‐Dünnfilm‐HEA‐Materialbibliothek (HEA‐ML) mit hoher statistischer Zuverlässigkeit zu bestimmen. Interessanterweise ist das PZC von Pt−Pd−Ru−Ir−Ag linear mit seiner zusammensetzungsgewichteten durchschnittlichen Austrittsarbeit korreliert. Die HER‐Stromdichte in sauren Medien korreliert positiv mit dem PZC, was durch die Anreicherung von H+ in der elektrochemischen Doppelschicht bei negativen Potentialen relativ zum PZC erklärt werden kann.
Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Shimeng , Chen Dandan , Yang Yang , Zhu Lina , Xiong Xuan , Chen Aiguo
Published: August 2023

In this paper, systematic review and meta‐analysis were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of physical activity intervention on core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Physical activity intervention for core symptoms of ASD were retrieved by computer from the PubMed Cochrane Library, Web of Science, APA PsycNet, and CNKI database during December 1, 2022. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the included literature and extracted the data. Sixteen studies were eventually included, with a total of 587 patients with ASD. Meta‐analysis showed that the core symptoms of ASD patients decreased after physical activity intervention, ES(g) = 0.681(95% CI: 0.380–0.982, p = 0.000), specifically, physical activity improved the reduction of social disorder ES(g) = 0.749(95% CI: 0.524–0.973) and repeated rigid behavior ES(g) = 0.553 (95% CI: −0.079 to 1.186). Subgroup analysis showed that preschool children with ASD who were 3–6 years old, exercised for more than 12 weeks, more than 3 times a week, and exercised for more than 90 min per session had better improvement in core symptoms after participating in physical activity. The conclusion of this paper is that physical activity intervention can improve the core symptoms of ASD, especially the reduction of social disorders and repetitive behaviors.
Carbon‐Coated NaVPO4F as a High‐Capacity Cathode for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Bin Duan , Wang Caixing , Cao Yongjie , Xia Yongyao
Published: August 2023

NaVPO4F has garnered significant attention as a promising cathode material for non‐aqueous sodium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and appropriate potential. However, the dissolution of vanadium component of NaVPO4F in aqueous electrolytes has restricted its application in aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs). Herein, we report the use of carbon‐coated NaVPO4F as a cathode material in ASIBs. This cathode material exhibited a discharge capacity of 111 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in a concentrated 17 m NaClO4 aqueous solution and demonstrated capacity retention of 74.4 % over 100 cycles. The experimental results confirmed that the carbon coating on NaVPO4F and high‐concentration NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte exhibited positive effects in restraining vanadium dissolution. Additionally, when configuration with NaTi2(PO4)3@C as anode, the full cell exhibited a capacity of 43.9 mAh g−1 with an average operating voltage of 1.2 V at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 in a concentrated 17 m NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte. These outcomes underscore the potential of NaVPO4F@C as a promising cathode material for ASIBs.
Dose–response analysis after administration of a human platelet‐derived exosome product on neurite outgrowth in vitro
Authors: Saffari Sara , Rademakers Daan J. , Pulos Nicholas , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: August 2023

Modulating the nerve's local microenvironment using exosomes is proposed to enhance nerve regeneration. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of purified exosome product (PEP) required to exert maximal neurite extension. An in vitro dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite outgrowth assay was used to evaluate the effect of treatment with (i) 5% PEP, (ii) 10% PEP, (iii) 15% PEP, or (iv) 20% PEP on neurite extension (N = 9/group), compared to untreated controls. After 72 h, neurite extension was measured to quantify nerve regeneration. Live cell imaging was used to visualize neurite outgrowth during incubation. Treatment with 5% PEP resulted in the longest neurite extension and was superior to the untreated DRG (p = 0.003). Treatment with 10% PEP, 15% PEP, and 20% PEP was found to be comparable to controls (p = 0.12, p = 0.06, and p = 0.41, respectively) and each other. Live cell imaging suggested that PEP migrated towards the DRG neural regeneration site, compared to the persistent homogenous distribution of PEP in culture media alone. 5% PEP was found to be the optimal concentration for nerve regeneration based on this in vitro dose–response analysis.
Do the fasciae of the soleus have a role in plantar fasciitis?
Authors: Ryskalin Larisa , Morucci Gabriele , Soldani Paola , Gesi Marco
Published: August 2023

Plantar fasciitis is a chronic, self‐limiting, and painful disabling condition affecting the inferomedial aspect of the heel, usually extending toward the metatarsophalangeal joints. There is compelling evidence for a strong correlation between Achilles tendon (AT) loading and plantar aponeurosis (PA) tension. In line with this, tightness of the AT is found in almost 80% of patients affected by plantar fasciitis. A positive correlation has also been reported between gastrocnemius‐soleus tightness and heel pain severity in this condition. Despite its high prevalence, the exact etiology and pathological mechanisms underlying plantar heel pain remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to discuss the anatomical and biomechanical substrates of plantar fasciitis with special emphasis on the emerging, though largely neglected, fascial system. In particular, the relationship between the fascia, triceps surae muscle, AT, and PA will be analyzed. We then proceed to discuss how structural and biomechanical alterations of the muscle‐tendon‐fascia complex due to muscle overuse or injury can create the conditions for the onset of PA pathology. A deeper knowledge of the possible molecular mechanisms underpinning changes in the mechanical properties of the fascial system in response to altered loading and/or muscle contraction could help healthcare professionals and clinicians refine nonoperative treatment strategies and rehabilitation protocols for plantar fasciitis.
Comprehensive analysis of predictive factors for upstaging in intraprostatic cancer after radical prostatectomy: Different patterns of spread exist in lesions at different locations
Authors: Wu Shangrong , Jiang Yuchen , Liang Zhengxin , Chen Shuaiqi , Sun Guangyu , Ma Shenfei , Chen Kaifei , Liu Ranlu
Published: August 2023

Background

Accurate assessment of the clinical staging is crucial for determining the need for radical prostatectomy (RP) in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the current methods for PCa staging may yield incorrect results. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze independent predictors of postoperative upstaging of intraprostatic cancer.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from intraprostatic cancer patients who underwent radical surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. Intraprostatic cancer was defined as a lesion confined to the prostate, excluding cases where multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) showed the lesion in contact with the prostatic capsule. We assessed independent predictors of extraprostatic extension (EPE) and analyzed their association with positive surgical margin (PSM) status. In addition, based on the distance of the lesion from the capsule on mpMRI, we divided the patients into non‐transition zone and transition zone groups for further analysis.

Results

A total of 500 patients were included in our study. Logistic regression analysis revealed that biopsy Gleason grade group (GG) (odds ratio, OR: 1.370, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.093–1.718) and perineural invasion (PNI) (OR: 2.746, 95% CI: 1.420–5.309) were predictive factors for postoperative EPE. Both biopsy GG and PNI were associated with lateral (GG: OR: 1.270, 95% CI: 1.074–1.501; PNI: OR: 2.733, 95% CI: 1.521–4.911) and basal (GG: OR: 1.491, 95% CI: 1.194–1.862; PNI: OR: 3.730, 95% CI: 1.929–7.214) PSM but not with apex PSM (GG: OR: 1.176, 95% CI: 0.989–1.399; PNI: OR: 1.204, 95% CI: 0.609–2.381) after RP. Finally, PNI was an independent predictor of EPE in the transition zone (OR: 11.235, 95% CI: 2.779–45.428) but not in the non‐transition zone (OR: 1.942, 95% CI: 0.920–4.098).

Conclusion

PNI and higher GG may indicate upstaging of tumors in patients with intraprostatic carcinoma. These two factors are associated with PSM in locations other than the apex of the prostate. Importantly, cancer in the transition zone of the prostate is more likely to spread externally through nerve invasion than cancer in the non‐transition zone.
Three New Labdane‐Type Diterpenoids from the Fruits of Amomum villosum and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Qing , Liu Ke‐Xin , Li Yu‐Xia , Sun De‐Juan , Li Hua , Chen Li‐Xia
Published: August 2023

Three new labdane‐type diterpenoids, calcaratarin E, villosumtriol, and 12‐epi‐villosumtriol (1–3) were isolated from the fruits of Amomum villosum, along with seven known diterpenoids (4–10). Through comprehensive analysis of chemical evidence and spectral data including UV, 1D and 2D NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, IR, and X‐ray crystallography, the structures of these novel compounds were successfully determined. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of compounds 2–10 on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. Notably, compound 6 exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 1.74±0.69 μM.
Enantioselective Ni‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Dong Zhan , Song Liangliang , Chen Liang‐An
Published: August 2023

Asymmetric multicomponent reactions are considered as efficient protocols for constructing complex chiral molecules because of their step‐ and atom‐economy. Nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric three‐component dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes has been well developed in recent years, which is used in the area of total synthesis of natural products and late‐stage modification of drugs because of the rapid incorporation of chiral sp3‐enriched carbon centers. In this concept, the significant breakthroughs of this field are summarized, together with the related mechanisms. Moreover, the remaining challenges and potential opportunities of multicomponent dicarbofunctionalization are also highlighted.
Organotin(IV)‐Decorated Graphene Quantum Dots as Dual Platform for Molecular Imaging and Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Gómez I. Jénnifer , Ovejero‐Paredes Karina , Méndez‐Arriaga José Manuel , Pizúrová Naděžda , Filice Marco , Zajíčková Lenka , Prashar Sanjiv , Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago
Published: August 2023

The pharmacological activity of organotin(IV) complexes in cancer therapy is well recognized but their large applicability is hampered by their poor water solubility. Hence, carbon dots, in particular nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), may be a promising alternative for the efficient delivery of organotin(IV) compounds as they have a substantial aqueous solubility, a good chemical stability, and non‐toxicity as well as a bright photoluminescence that make them ideal for theranostic applications against cancer. Two different multifunctional nanosystems have been synthesized and fully characterized based on two fragments of organotin‐based cytotoxic compounds and 4‐formylbenzoic acid (FBA), covalently grafted onto the NGQDs surface. Subsequently, an in vitro determination of the therapeutic and theranostic potential of the achieved multifunctional systems was carried out. The results showed a high cytotoxic potential of the NGQDs‐FBA‐Sn materials against breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231) and a lower effect on a non‐cancer cell line (kidney cells, HEK293T). Besides, thanks to their optical properties, the dots enabled their fluorescence molecular imaging in the cytoplasmatic region of the cells pointing towards a successful cellular uptake and a release of the metallodrug inside cancer cells (NGQDs‐FBA‐Sn).
Sparse matrix‐vector and matrix‐multivector products for the truncated SVD on graphics processors
Authors: Aliaga José I. , Anzt Hartwig , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. , Tomás Andrés E.
Published: August 2023

Many practical algorithms for numerical rank computations implement an iterative procedure that involves repeated multiplications of a vector, or a collection of vectors, with both a sparse matrix and its transpose. Unfortunately, the realization of these sparse products on current high performance libraries often deliver much lower arithmetic throughput when the matrix involved in the product is transposed. In this work, we propose a hybrid sparse matrix layout, named CSRC, that combines the flexibility of some well‐known sparse formats to offer a number of appealing properties: (1) CSRC can be obtained at low cost from the popular CSR (compressed sparse row) format; (2) CSRC has similar storage requirements as CSR; and especially, (3) the implementation of the sparse product kernels delivers high performance for both the direct product and its transposed variant on modern graphics accelerators thanks to a significant reduction of atomic operations compared to a conventional implementation based on CSR. This solution thus renders considerably higher performance when integrated into an iterative algorithm for the truncated singular value decomposition (SVD), such as the randomized SVD or, as demonstrated in the experimental results, the block Golub–Kahan–Lanczos algorithm.