bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in gross oxygen production, net oxygen production, and air-water gas exchange during seasonal ice melt in Whycocomagh Bay, a Canadian estuary in the Bras d'Or Lake system
Authors: Manning Cara C. , Stanley Rachel H. R. , Nicholson David P. , Loose Brice , Lovely Ann , Schlosser Peter , Hatcher Bruce G.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Sea ice is an important control on gas exchange and primary production in polar regions. We measured net oxygen production (NOP) and gross oxygen production (GOP) using near-continuous measurements of the O2∕Ar gas ratio and discrete measurements of the triple isotopic composition of O2, during the transition from ice-covered to ice-free conditions, in Whycocomagh Bay, an estuary in the Bras d'Or Lake system in Nova Scotia, Canada. The volumetric gross oxygen production was 5.4+2.8-1.6 mmol O2 m−3 d−1, similar at the beginning and end of the time series, and likely peaked at the end of the ice melt period. Net oxygen production displayed more temporal variability and the system was on average net autotrophic during ice melt and net heterotrophic following the ice melt. We performed the first field-based dual tracer release experiment in ice-covered water to quantify air–water gas exchange. The gas transfer velocity at >90 % ice cover was 6 % of the rate for nearly ice-free conditions. Published studies have shown a wide range of results for gas transfer velocity in the presence of ice, and this study indicates that gas transfer through ice is much slower than the rate of gas transfer through open water. The results also indicate that both primary producers and heterotrophs are active in Whycocomagh Bay during spring while it is covered in ice.
Characterizing photosymbiosis in modern planktonic foraminifera
Authors: Takagi Haruka , Kimoto Katsunori , Fujiki Tetsuichi , Saito Hiroaki , Schmidt Christiane , Kucera Michal , Moriya Kazuyoshi
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Photosymbiosis has played a key role in the
diversification of foraminifera and their carbonate production throughout
geologic history. However, identification of photosymbiosis in extinct taxa
remains challenging, and even among the extant species the occurrence and
functional relevance of photosymbiosis remain poorly constrained. Here, we
investigate photosymbiosis in living planktonic foraminifera by measuring
active chlorophyll fluorescence with fast repetition rate fluorometry. This
method provides unequivocal evidence for the presence of photosynthetic
capacity in individual foraminifera, and it allows us to characterize
multiple features of symbiont photosynthesis including chlorophyll a (Chl a) content, potential photosynthetic activity (Fv∕Fm), and light-absorption efficiency (σPSII). To obtain robust evidence for
the occurrence and importance of photosymbiosis in modern planktonic
foraminifera, we conducted measurements on 1266 individuals from 30 species
of the families Globigerinidae, Hastigerinidae, Globorotaliidae, and
Candeinidae. Among the studied species, 19 were recognized as symbiotic and
11 as non-symbiotic. Of these, six species were newly confirmed as symbiotic
and five as non-symbiotic. Photosymbiotic species have been identified in
all families except the Hastigerinidae. A significant positive correlation
between test size and Chl a content, found in 16 species, is interpreted as
symbiont abundance scaled to the growth of the host and is consistent with
persistent possession of symbionts through the lifetime of the foraminifera.
The remaining three symbiont-bearing species did not show such a
relationship, and their Fv∕Fm values were comparatively low,
indicating that their symbionts do not grow once acquired from the
environment. The objectively quantified photosymbiotic characteristics have
been used to design a metric of photosymbiosis, which allows the studied
species to be classified along a gradient of photosynthetic activity,
providing a framework for future ecological and physiological investigations
of planktonic foraminifera.
Significant spatial patterns from the GCM seasonal forecasts of global precipitation
Authors: Zhao Tongtiegang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yongyong , Chen Xiaohong
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Fully-coupled global climate models (GCMs) generate a vast amount of high-dimensional forecast data of the global climate; therefore, interpreting and understanding the predictive performance is a critical issue in applying GCM forecasts. Spatial plotting is a powerful tool to identify where forecasts perform well and where forecasts are not satisfactory. Here we build upon the spatial plotting of anomaly correlation between forecast ensemble mean and observations and derive significant spatial patterns to illustrate the predictive performance. For the anomaly correlation derived from the ten sets of forecasts archived in the North America Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) experiment, the global and local Moran's I are calculated to associate anomaly correlation at neighbouring grid cells to one another. The global Moran's I indicates that at the global scale anomaly correlation at one grid cell relates significantly and positively to anomaly correlation at surrounding grid cells, while the local Moran's I reveals clusters of grid cells with high, neutral, and low anomaly correlation. Overall, the forecasts produced by GCMs of similar settings and at the same climate center exhibit similar clustering of anomaly correlation. In the meantime, the forecasts in NMME show complementary performances. About 80 % of grid cells across the globe fall into the cluster of high anomaly correlation under at least one of the ten sets of forecasts. While anomaly correlation exhibits substantial spatial variability, the clustering approach serves as a filter of noise to identify spatial patterns and yields insights into the predictive performance of GCM seasonal forecasts of global precipitation.
Pragmatics of Japanese: Perspectives on Grammar, Interaction, and Culture
Authors: Luft Stephen D.
Published: September 2019

-
Perfumed Sleeves and Tangled Hair: Body, Woman, and Desire in Medieval Japanese Narratives
Authors: Mc Nelly Kim
Published: September 2019

-
Translation, Human Emotion, and the Bildungsroman in Meiji Japan: Narrating Passion and Spiritual Love in the Novel Karyū shunwa
Authors: Poch Daniel
Published: September 2019

-
Back matter
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

-
Contributors
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

-
No caminho da poética geográfica: experiência e imaginação do patrimônio
Authors: Teixeira-da-Silva Rafael Henrique
Published: September 2019

No presente artigo pretendemos, a partir da experiência enquanto escala epistemológica, caminhar no sentido da busca pelas manifestações do patrimônio no espaço geográfico de São Cristóvão-SE. Fomos à procura do patrimônio revelado nas geograficidades, na cumplicidade do homem com a Terra, nessa relação intrínseca que aflora no correr mundo adentro. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo é buscar apreender o patrimônio de São Cristóvão por meio de itinerários geográficos e poéticos resultados de diversas caminhadas e trajetos realizados pela cidade. A partir da fenomenologia poética bachelardiana e da realização e descrição de experiências pessoais e coletivas, almeja-se vislumbrar novas possibilidades epistemológicas e metodológicas na geografia. A composição das experiências consideradas no presente artigo constitui-se de nossas vivências, de relatos da população local e de imersões na literatura e outras expressões artísticas de São Cristóvão. Nesse sentido, visamos as ações individuais ou coletivas do ser humano – sobre si e sobre o mundo – nas quais o mesmo adquire consciência de sua existência.
Palavras-chave: Geograficidade; Itinerário Geográfico; Fenomenologia.
Produção agrícola no estado do Mato Grosso e a relação entre o agronegócio e as cidades: o caso de Lucas do Rio Verde e Sorriso
Authors: Von Dentz Eduardo
Published: September 2019

Nas últimas duas décadas, principalmente, a produção agrícola do estado do Mato Grosso teve uma grande evolução, tendo transformado o estado no maior produtor nacional de grãos, com destaque para as culturas de soja, milho, algodão e girassol. Ao passo que a produção agrícola cresceu, foi se percebendo uma estreita relação entre o agronegócio e as cidades. Por essas questões, o objetivo desse artigo é demonstrar a dinâmica recente da produção agrícola do estado do Mato Grosso e a relação do agronegócio com as cidades. Metodologicamente o artigo foi construído através da revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de dados e trabalhos de campo. Como resultados principais, pode-se dizer que o potencial agrícola do Mato Grosso cresceu muito em função dos incentivos das políticas de Estado e do favorecimento das condições edafoclimáticas que as terras do Mato Grosso oferecem. Na relação entre o agronegócio e as cidades, é possível afirmar que a antiga sobreposição ou submissão de um em relação ao outro não pode ser aplicada a este cenário, haja vista que identificamos uma relação de complementariedade entre o agronegócio e as cidades.

Palavras chave: Produção agrícola; Agronegócio; Cidade; Mato Grosso.
Do anime para o jogo: espaços evocativos de Os Cavaleiros do Zodíaco
Authors: Drummond Washington
Published: September 2019

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar os espaços evocativos dos jogos Cavaleiros do Zodíaco: Alma dos Soldados e Os Cavaleiros do Zodíaco: Batalha do Santuário, e compreender o papel que a paisagem exerce em ambos. Como método realizou-se revisão bibliográfica dos estudos sobre os videogames, com destaque àqueles concernentes ao escopo da Geografia, assim como o contato mais íntimo com os espaços do anime, reassistindo as temporadas, e com os espaços evocativos dos jogos, jogando-os e observando considerações de outros jogadores. Verificou-se que os espaços evocativos dos jogos amplificam o senso de imersão dos jogadores no mundo ficcional de Os Cavaleiros do Zodíaco, assim como comunicam novas perspectivas da história e da espacialidade desse universo.

Palavras-chave: Representação. Videogames. Espaço do jogo. Espaços evocativos.
Gênero discursivo biografia: uma proposta de sequência didática para o ensino de Espanhol
Authors: Ferraça Mirielly , Lacowicz Stanis David
Published: September 2019

A partir de uma perspectiva de ensino-aprendizagem pautada nos gêneros discursivos (BAHKTIN, 2011) e na proposta modular de trabalho apresentada e desenvolvida por Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004), este artigo apresenta uma sequência didática para o ensino de língua espanhola a partir do gênero discursivo biografia. Destacamos que o trabalho com os gêneros discursivos possibilita ao aluno a) o conhecimento, reconhecimento e reprodução do gênero biografia, tendo em vista uma situação real de comunicação e como consequência do trabalho realizado em sala, a circulação efetiva da produção textual; b) a leitura de textos originais de língua espanhola, o trabalho com a língua, incluindo a gramática, mecanismos de linguagem e léxico; c) e o aprofundamento do conhecimento cultural. Ao longo do texto, desenvolvemos atividades de análise linguística e escritura, permitindo que os alunos possam compreender o gênero trabalhado de modo gradual, tendo em vista a perspectiva discursiva da linguagem.
As dificuldades do ensino de Inglês na Educação de Jovens e Adultos na perspectiva de professores que atuam na área
Authors: Medeiros Letícia Miranda , Fontoura Helena Amaral da
Published: September 2019

Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar, de forma geral, a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), o ensino de inglês para essa modalidade de ensino e, principalmente, refletir sobre os desafios de ensinar inglês em turmas da EJA. Foram ouvidos seis professores de Língua Inglesa da EJA, egressos da Faculdade de Formação de Professores, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FFP/UERJ), com o intuito de clarificar os principais dilemas que esses docentes enfrentam no cotidiano da sala de aula da EJA. Ficou evidente entre os professores participantes da pesquisa que, entre os dilemas da profissão, está o trabalho incessante na conscientização dos alunos sobre a importância do estudo dessa língua estrangeira. A docência nessa modalidade tem a função de fazer os estudantes perceberem e compreenderem o outro, as outras visões de mundo e as outras culturas, a fim de construir neles autoconfiança para tentar mudar sua própria realidade.
Levantamento das orientações de ensino da habilidade da Compreensão Oral em Língua Inglesa: olhar nos documentos Oficiais de ensino
Authors: Camargo Clarita Gonçalves
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho busca analisar como é orientado o ensino da compreensão oral em língua inglesa pelos principais documentos oficiais de ensino (PCNs), (PCN+), (BNCC), entre outros, para que se possa verificar quais encaminhamentos pedagógicos são dados no tratamento dessa habilidade. É importante salientar que o ensino da oralidade assume papel importante na aprendizagem e autores como Flowerdew e Miller (2005); Field (2008) e Rost (1990) orientam que esse ensino exige do ouvinte um papel ativo. Nesta pesquisa, um levantamento desses três importantes documentos de ensino foi realizado sobre os aspectos pedagógicos no direcionamento da compreensão oral. Uma das considerações observada foi que a oralidade ainda necessita de atenção, no que se refere às características do discurso, não sabendo ao certo como o professor deve encaminhar suas práticas pedagógicas. Por outro lado, a oralidade vem assumindo uma dimensão sociocultural importante nos discursos desses documentos.
20 anos do curso de Letras/Espanhol da UFG: um sonho do Prof. Fernando Plaza
Authors: Mendonça e Silva Cleidimar Aparecida
Published: September 2019

Este artigo presta uma homenagem ao professor chileno, Fernando Plaza Mallea, idealizador da licenciatura em Letras: Espanhol da Universidade Federal de Goiás, por ocasião dos 20 anos de colação de grau da primeira turmaa graduar-se nessa modalidade. O referido docente ministrou as disciplinas de latim e espanhol tanto no antigo ICHL (Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Letras) quanto na atual Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal de Goiás. O Prof. Plaza vislumbrou a possibilidade de uma licenciatura em Espanhol em Goiás a partir da criação do Mercosul, Mercado Comum do Sul, em 1991 (acordo de livre comércio e união aduaneira) entre Brasil, Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai e também pelo fato de o Brasil estar rodeado de países de língua espanhola no continente sul-americano. Em 1996, quando o nosso mestre se aposentou, já tinha visto seu sonho, mesmo que parcialmente, transformar-se em realidade. A graduação em Letras: Espanhol habilitou, de 1998 a 2018, 268 profissionais docentes, segundo informação da Coordenadoria de Expedição e Registro de Diplomas da UFG. Esses egressos tiveram acesso a processos seletivos e concursos públicos, podendo exercer sua profissão em instituições de ensino infantil, básico, técnico, tecnológico e em faculdades. Em 2004, o Prof. Plaza faleceu e não pôde acompanhar o retorno à própria UFG de muitos ex-alunos que passaram a atuar como professores efetivos no curso de licenciatura em Espanhol no qual se formaram.
Idealism and Anti-idealism in Modern European Thought
Authors: Pippin Robert
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the long tradition of anti-Hegelianism in modern European thought, especially in the work of Schelling and Heidegger, and argues that once the nature of Hegel's idealism is properly understood, the criticisms do not apply.
Sense Experience and Poly-intentionality in Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception
Authors: Montani John
Published: September 2019

This essay argues for a conception of poly-intentionality based on Merleau-Ponty's analysis of sense experience in his Phenomenology of Perception. I start by reviewing the tenuous status of sensation in Husserl's early work in order to prepare for a renewed conception of intentionality inspired by Merleau-Ponty—one that is grounded in the body's sense organs. I show how sensations accomplish a form of pre-reflective communication between the body and the world. Then, I explore how affect and the notion of a material a priori help resolve certain problems regarding sensation's alleged vagueness and unintelligibility. I conclude by advocating for Merleau-Ponty's notion of radical reflection and supplement it with insights gleaned from the analysis of poly-intentionality.
The Meaning of Ability and Disability
Authors: Reynolds Joel Michael
Published: September 2019

I argue that the foundational question of continental philosophy of disability is the question of the meaning of ability. Engaging a range of canonical texts across the Western intellectual tradition, I explore three hermeneutic pathways toward this question, concluding with a discussion of its larger sociopolitical and philosophical stakes.
Information as the Image of Thought: A Deleuzian Analysis
Authors: Adkins Brent
Published: September 2019

In this essay I take up the scope and nature of information in its relation to thought. To be precise, I argue that information constitutes the contemporary image of thought and, although information has become ubiquitous, we can date its arrival to Hayek's 1945 essay “The Use of Knowledge in Society.” Information is no longer merely a metaphor for thinking about or describing thought, I suggest; rather, information is, at bottom, the sole content of thought and thinking is nothing other than the processing of information.
Structural fuses and concrete-filled steel shapes for seismic and multi-hazard resistant design
Authors: Bruneau Michel , El-Bahey Samer , Fujikura Shuichi , Keller David
Published: September 2019

Bridges are built in a variety of locations, many of which are susceptible to multiple extreme hazards (earthquakes, vehicle collisions, tsunamis or storm surges, and blasts as a minimum for some locations). In addition, they must be built to achieve the objectives of both accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and rapid return to service following a disaster. Meeting some or all of these demands/objectives drives the development of innovative multi-hazard design concepts. This paper presents recent research on structural fuses and concrete-filled steel shapes strategies developed for this purpose. The structural fuse concept considered here for seismic resistance was developed and experimentally validated for implementation in a composite multi-column pier using double composite rectangular columns of Bi-Steel panels. Experimental results from another series of tests on the blast resistance of concrete-filled-steel-tubes support the blast resistance of the concept. In parallel, the development and design of a conceptual multi-hazard resistant steel plate shear wall box pier concept considered each of the four aforementioned hazards by use of simplified analyses for design, and of advanced nonlinear finite element analyses to confirm that the proposed steel plate shear wall box system provides adequate ductile performance and strength for each of the hazards.
The Impact of the Structural Characteristics of Poker on Market Evolution and Competitive Dynamics in the Internet Poker Industry in Italy
Authors: Calvosa Paolo
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact that the specific nature and characteristics of the game of poker have had on the development of the Internet poker industry in Italy and on the competitive strategies of on line gambling operators. It facilitates the overall understanding of the different effects that the legalization of Internet gambling in Italy has had on the evolution of the poker industry, in respect to other gambling sectors. Based of existing literature, the study has shown that two distinctive features define the game of Internet poker. The first is connected to the nature of games of skill that distinguishes poker; the second, instead, is linked to the fact that Internet poker is a ‘player-versus-player game’, i.e. it requires the simultaneous presence at gaming tables by multiple players. In order to analyze the market dynamics of the Internet poker industry, from a methodological viewpoint the study is supported by an empirical investigation that concerned all the ‘on line poker rooms’ in Italy that were remote gambling licenses or sub-licensees in 2018. The results of the empirical analysis have highlighted that the progress of market sales and competitive strategies that have typified the evolution of the on line poker market in Italy seem to be strongly influenced by the specific characteristics of the game of poker. This has led to the affirmation of a distinctive structure of competition in this market, that differs from that of other categories of on line games. The empirical analysis carried out has also made it possible to show that the legalization of on line gambling, that started in 2008, has opened the Italian regulated gambling industry to competition from foreign ‘Internet pure players’, who have acquired a strong market position in the on line poker sector. The results of the research provide interesting indications to policy makers in the field of the regulation of on line gambling and also bring out interesting implications of a managerial nature that help to devise competitive strategies more consistent with the specific characteristics of the game of poker.
Recent advances in computational chemistry for identification of ligands for biological receptors: interdisciplinary aspects
Authors: Todorov Milen
Published: September 2019

Background: Computational (in silico) methods, such as quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs)
are already well recognized and used in many screening programs related to environmental, industrial and medical
chemistry. The main idea of the QSAR is that there is a relationship between molecular structure and ultimate
biological effect caused by a chemical compound. In this respect the approach could be used successfully for
prediction of various biological endpoints caused by chemical compounds including receptor binding affinity.
Aim of the study: In the current study the capabilities for structure-activity modelling incorporated in noncommercial
software tool have been employed for investigating the binding effect of xenobiotics toward estrogen
and human pregnane X receptor.
Material and methods: The analysis was performed by making use of the non-commercial software platform
QSAR Toolbox. This system allows application of a set of built-in models for different biological effects, and also
allows incorporation of new models for other endpoints.
Results: Two models have been applied for predicting the binding effect toward estrogen and human pregnane
X receptors of a large number of chemicals collected in a single database of high practical concern. The results
show that there are many chemicals which are able to bind the investigated receptors. Since those chemicals are
encountered in the environment, they could be considered as potential threat for society.
Conclusions: The obtained results could be used as initial step for further experimental testing of those chemicals
in order to confirm their potential to harm biological systems in the body.
Are dietary supplements dangerous? Assessing how society perceives the usage of dietary supplements – results of the preliminary analysis of nationwide survey data
Authors: Kardas Przemysław , Dorożyński Jakub , Zdanowicz Paula , Tyrna Dawid , Lis Paulina , Mroczka Marek , Lewek Paweł
Published: September 2019

Background: Dietary supplements (DSs) are concentrated sources of nutrients and/or other substances, whose purpose is to supplement the normal diet. Their consumption in Poland has been on the rise, leading to numerous concerns. However, current legislation does not provide any background for a relevant pharmacovigilance system. Therefore, little is known about their adverse effects (AEs) or patterns of use in Poland. To shed some light on this, we conducted a nationwide survey. Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence of, and the reasons for, the use of dietary supplements in Poland via national survey with a collection and an analyse of supposed adverse effects of dietary supplements. Material and methods: The study was conducted using an online survey based on the original questionnaire. In this report, we present the results of the analysis of the first 200 responses. Results: As many as 55.5% (111) of respondents were ‘definitely sure’ or ‘rather sure’ about DSs safety. However, 70.5% (141) believed that they could have negative effects. Over 3/4 (153) of respondents used DSs themselves, and 61.0% (122) used them within last 12 months. Of those using DSs, 11.1% (17) reported diverse AEs, with GI tract irritation and mental disturbances being the most common (experienced by 35.3% (6), and 17.6% (3) of those reporting AE s, respectively). Conclusions: Respondents had mixed feelings about DS safety. Despite that, they used these products frequently. Of a note is high incidence of adverse effects experienced by DS users. This undoubtedly points to the need for a relevant pharmacovigilance system.
Examination of fundamental movement patterns and likelihood of injury in amateur runners from Opole region in Poland
Authors: Sobota Dominika , Kaczorowska Antonina , Mroczek Agata , Polański Adam
Published: September 2019

Background: The most common risk factors for running-related injuries are mistakes, such as insufficient warm-up and stretching exercises, during training. Good preparation and proper training reduces the risk of sport-related injuries. Aim of the study: To examine fundamental movement patterns and likelihood of injury in amateur runners. Material and methods: Twenty-four amateur long-distance runners from Opole region (Poland) were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 12 runners from the club “Kotwica Brzeg”, who did a proper warmup before training and stretching exercises after training. The second group comprised 12 runners from other clubs who did not undertake any warm-up or stretching exercises (control group). Fundamental movement patterns were tested by the Functional Movement Screen test (FMS). Results: The mean FMS test score was higher in “Kotwica Brzeg” runners (17.08 points) than in the control group (15.50 points), but this was not statistically significant. The “Kotwica Brzeg” runners performed better in five of the FMS tests, but this was only significant for the rotational stability test. Conclusions: Runners who did a proper warm-up and stretching exercises achieved better results in the FMS test, which may reduce the risk of running-related injuries.
Assessment of the influence of ischemic compression and clavitherapy on compression pain threshold measured on the lumbar spine rectifier muscle
Authors: Wyszyński Szymon , Stiler Sylwia
Published: September 2019

Background. The British physician, Balfour, at the beginning of the nineteenth century was one of the first to describe thickened nodules and bumps in tissue, which could be painful under pressure. This pressure often also caused pain in other distant parts of the body. The above characteristics perfectly reflected what is now referred to as the trigger point. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ischemic compression using clavitherapy on the level of compression pain threshold measured with an algometer on the muscle of the lumbar region spine extender. The following research questions were posed: Materials and methods. The research involved 40 patients with pain in the paraspinal muscles who were attending the Physio-Wysz Rehabilitation Center. In each subject, pain threshold was assessed using an algometer, 5 points before and after therapy. Each subject was then subjected to ischemic compression for each of the 5 points. The obtained results were entered into an Excel™ database and then analyzed using the Statistica program. Results. The mean value of the pain threshold for the L1 point before therapy was 114.4 ±17.22 N/cm2 and for P1 was 113.24±18.85 N/cm2. Immediately after therapy, the compression pain threshold decreased to 84.15±10.79 N/cm2 and 84.89 ±10.11 N/cm2 for the L1 and P1 points, respectively. Conclusions. There was a reduction in the mean compression pain threshold immediately after clavicle therapy. There were no significant differences when measuring the pressure pain threshold after therapy.
Content of selected vitamins in menus from a social welfare home
Authors: Zołoteńka-Synowiec Marzena , Całyniuk Beata , Malczyk Ewa , Zgraja Aleksandra , Misiarz Marta
Published: September 2019

Background: Psychological old age is considered a developmental process in which there is a juxtaposition of profit and loss. Developmental changes are multi-faceted and include biological, psychological and social spheres. The quality of human life diminishes as mobility lessens, and this compromises self-perception. The biological changes of old age are retroactive. Poor nutritional status and other negative behaviors like addictions contribute to the physiological regression of aging. Interest in nutrition amongst the elderly is heightened because of the aging population in Poland and internationally. There is also interest in the application of proper nutrition to prevent diseases in this age group. Proper nutrition is one of the main factors determining ideal human function and positively affects the natural processes within it. Analysis of food composition gives the opportunity to eliminate nutritional errors, which in turn contributes to improving the quality of life and delaying the aging process in the examined age group. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of selected vitamins in 10 seasonal menus applied at a Social Welfare Home. Material and methods: This study included 40 decade menus, prepared over four seasons of a year for the residents of a Social Welfare Home. The vitamin content of the meals was assessed quantitatively using the computer program, Diet 5. The selected vitamins were those considered most essential to the elderly diet because of the common appearance of their deficiencies. Taking into consideration physical activity of the elderly (1,4 physical activity level ) and utilizing the norms developed by the Food and Nutrition Institute, the average norms of the analyzed nutrients were calculated for people over 60 years of age. For this purpose the formula (K+M)/2 was used, where K is the norm for women and M is the norm for men. The results obtained were compared with the calculated mean values of the norm for elderly at the level of the estimated average requirements (EAR). The results were analyzed statistically giving the mean value (X) and the median. The calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Deficiencies in vitamin D were found. The menu content of vitamins E and C was correct in all seasons. The amount of vitamins A, B2, B12 and PP was excessive in all the seasons. Conclusions: The evaluated menus showed errors in the supply of the assessed vitamins.
Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium health problems in women after 35 year of age: A systematic literature review
Authors: Kiersnowska Iwona , Baranowska Barbara , Bączek Grażyna , Węgrzyn Piotr
Published: September 2019

Advancing medical knowledge, improving quality of life and increasing life expectancy have resulted in increased numbers of women deciding to deliver a child over 35 years of age. Infertility in delayed motherhood is associated not only with medical but also with psychological problems. The question of delayed motherhood concerns the whole world, and is of interest not only to obstetricians, but also economists and demographers. The purpose of our study was to identify and review studies into the health problems of women over 35 years of age in pregnancy (Advanced Maternal Age), delivery and the puerperium. Original papers investigating health problems in women over 35 years of age related to pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium published between August 2017, and January 2018 were identified. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest Central, and Elsevier Clinical Key Journals were utilised. After removing duplicates and those not meeting inclusion criteria, 15 studies were reviewed. Findings are discussed according to three time periods; before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and during childbirth and the puerperium. AMA mothers, especially primiparous women, were more likely to suffer with underlying chronic diseases and were more likely to have been treated for infertility. Increased use ART (Assisted Reproduction Techniques) can explain an increased rate of multiple pregnancies and the resultant rise in both caesarean section deliveries and premature births. Study groups subclassified according to maternal age allowed outcomes which are progressive with age to be identified. All the studies we reviewed have reported similar health problems in women over 35 years of age. The most common health problems in pregnancy, during childbirth and the puerperium in women over 35 years of age are diabetes mellitus type one and two, hypertension, preeclampsia, and cholestasis
Building bridges between basic science and clinical medicine: a liberal arts perspective
Authors: Edwalds-Gilbert Gretchen
Published: September 2019

A critical issue for improving global health care is to better integrate basic science and clinical practice, as such integration will lead to innovative solutions. In this article, I will present models for how to prepare students to participate effectively on multidisciplinary teams that foster cooperation between scientists, medical centers, biotechnology businesses, and governmental bodies. I will provide examples of training programs in the United States (USA) designed to increase the number of and diversity of scientists and clinicians engaged in bridging basic science and clinical medicine, also called translational research. The training programs target different stages in career development, from pre-medical students through early career faculty, and have varied organisational structures. Many of the programs have existed long enough for institutions to be able to evaluate their effectiveness, and despite the different program contexts, there are key characteristics common to all of the programs that correlate with successful outcomes. Many of these characteristics can be adapted to other career stages and settings. I will summarize these and describe an example of an interdisciplinary, integrated science course for undergraduates that introduces students at the earliest stage of their careers to addressing complex problems through teamwork. Finally, I will provide suggestions for how other institutions can implement training programs that will build bridges between basic science and clinical medicine.
Digital technologies for art therapy practices used in healthcare
Authors: Avramova-Todorova Gergana , Todorov Milen
Published: September 2019

The use of digital technologies influences practically almost all aspects of our daily life. In the field of healthcare, in particular, technology plays a very important in activities related to data collection, data storing, and data analysis. The aim of technology in healthcare is to provide a range of healthcare professionals with access to information that will help increase the cost-effectiveness of care delivery and improve the efficacy of care. Psychology counseling is an area where specific elements, such as evaluation of emotional health, could be supported by the use of appropriate technologies. Such technology could increase accessibility to this type of assistance by reducing lengthy and costly travel to specialized centers. In addition, technology may enable overburdened professionals to increase the reach of their services, and help people with physical limitations who have restricted ability to travel to receive care. So-called ‘virtual assistants’ (also known as ‘chatbots’) could help patients to identify emotional imbalance. In general, the evaluation process could include a series of questions that aim to find the emotional problem, and ultimately to propose a suitable program of art therapy. The current study aims to outline the steps needed to develop a chatbot that is capable of identifying emotional imbalance and selecting a suitable program of art therapy. We also consider the addition of virtual and augmented reality as a further possibility for improving the therapeutic process.
The use of combination therapy with 20% glycolic acid and fractional mesotherapy to reduce acne scars: a case report
Authors: Chilicka Karolina , Pagacz Karolina
Published: September 2019

Background: Acne scars are a common problem for those suffering from acne vulgaris. They may result in low self-esteem, especially if located in visible places such as the face. They may even impede normal societal functioning and withdrawal from the environment. Aim of the study: To investigate the effects of 20% glycol acid and fractional mesotherapy on the reduction of acne scars. Material and methods: We used interviews, case analysis and assessment of the effects of glycolic acid treatment and fractional mesotherapy on a 33-year-old female patient who experienced severe phlegmonosa acne. Case report: This 33-year-old female patient was struggling with acne at age 29. Purulent cysts were located on the cheeks and jaws on both sides of her face, leaving deep scars that disturbed everyday functioning. She was alternately given four 20% glycolic acid treatments and four fractional mesotherapy treatments. Conclusions: The combination of fractional mesotherapy treatments and exfoliation with 20% glycolic acid resulted in significant improvement. Reduced inflammation contributed to decreased acne scars as well as improvement in life quality.
Influence of the fear of death on body image evaluation.
Authors: Głębocka Alicja , Rudlicka Magdalena , Kulik Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

Background: Research on the consequences of fear of death often consists of classical investigations within the sphere of social psychology. However, the aspect of body image regarding this issue remains largely unexplored. Aim of the study: The goal of the conducted experiment was to examine the mechanisms reducing the fear of death. The respondents had two options to choose from: (1) increasing self-esteem in terms of physical attractiveness, or (2) lowering the rating of the body image presented in the photographs. Material and methods: The study was conducted using the following tests: (1) the Memory Test, developed by Łukaszewski and Buczny; (2) the Body-Esteem Scale (BE S), developed by Franzoi and Shields; (3) the UMACL Mood Adjective Checklist, developed by Mathews, Chamberlain, and Jones; and (4) the Body Shape Attractiveness Questionnaire. In this report, we present results of an analysis of 221 respondents (108 women and 113 men). Results: Death-related thoughts influence the perception of female body attractiveness. Respondents with awareness of mortality salience rated the attractiveness of body shape as lower than respondents from the control group. Conclusions: The present experiment confirmed the influence of fear of death on the evaluation of cultural and biological standards of female physical attractiveness, as well as, the hesitation of participants’ self-esteem and mood related to sex. The lack of critical evaluation of others and a positive self-evaluation effectively protects an individual against mood deterioration, and these effects were observed among men. However, these mechanisms do not apply to women, since women reacted critically to both body shapes in the photographs and their own bodies.
Diagnosis of the Optimum Location of the Police Vehicle Central Console — Oculometric Tests
Authors: Łuka Piotr , Urban Andrzej
Published: September 2019

In the publication, the authors refer to the study carried out as a part of the research project: “Classification of the Police vehicles according to their destination, taking into account their purpose and standardization of the vehicle central console, in the field of arrangement and installation of ICT systems and the devices controlling special purpose signals”, implemented by a scientific consortium, funded by the National Centre for Research and Development. The described research involved the determination of the optimal location for the central console of the Police service vehicle. The first part of the publication contains partial results of the questionnaire surveys that were carried out among the users of Police vehicles. The second part discusses the research carried out with the
participation of the Police officers driving the vehicles. The simulator was used to test vehicles in typical and extreme conditions, located at the Police Academy in Szczytno. The research consisted in the use of an oculometer, installed in the simulator. Conclusions from the conducted research allowed to propose an optimal location of the vehicle central console. The indicated location in the assessment of the research team allows to minimize the risk of the occurrence of hazards, related to the need to take the business vehicle away from the road, and is therefore appropriate to ensure the optimal level of safety for the driver and other road users. The results of the research carried out, after their confrontation with the results of the study conducted by other participants of the research consortium, will allow to propose a solution that can significantly improve safety, ergonomics and comfort of official duties performed by the drivers of the serivice vehicles.
Fighting Against Organized Crime With the Use of Agent Provocateur. The Experience of Slovak Republic. Outline of Issues
Authors: Dworzecki Jacek , KOČAN Štefan
Published: September 2019

In subject literature devoted to police formations in various countries, we can find a lot of terms describing essentially the same institution concerning the police officer’s secret actions — “undercover”, the so called “police agent”. In the legal and penal order of many countries the terminology concerning the police agent’s institution has not been standardized until now, no single term covering this issue has been elaborated so far. The most frequent terms that may be encountered are: “secret investigative agent“, “secret police officer“, “undercover agent“, “covert“ or “secret agent“. Not only are we dealing with a situation in which
in practice there is no one international and universal term describing this issue, but also in majority of European countries there are various determinants and criteria enabling the practical use of this “tool, designated for the fight against criminality. The factors that affect it include, for example: the implications provided to law enforcement authorities by domestic and international activities of organized crimes which, in turn, forces us to identify and define emerging threats and to modify and adjust practical actions concerning the police, prosecutor’s office and courts in their fight with this specific kind of criminal activity. For this reason, we may be able to find various doctrines concerning the procedure of using the institution of the police agent’ in the fight against criminality all over the world. The article has been prepared as part of theresearch project called “Understand the Dimensions of Organized Crime and Terrorist Networks for Developing Effective and Efficient Security Solutions for First-line-practitioners and Professionals” (Project: TAKEDOWN, H2020-FCT-2015, No.: 700688).
Suicide Death and the Action of Psychoactive Substances on the Body
Authors: Włodarczyk Renata
Published: September 2019

This report deals with the possible causes of suicidal death, which is often caused by psychoactive substances. It is not
about the impact that damages individual human organs, but about the action that causes changes in an individual’s psyche. Drugs
that are taken for various reasons for a long time can cause dependence on them, and sometimes they also lead to the appearance
of suicidal thoughts. The author, concerned about the situation of the increasing number of suicides in our country within the last
two years, decided to write an article. Mainly, it is targeted at people who often do not realize the possibility of addiction to drugs,
the so-called afterburners, alcohol or other psychological means of self-destruction. The case described in the article is aimed
at making people aware that addictions take place in different environments, and that individuals with well-being can take their
own lives for reasons only known to them. In order to prevent, or at least significantly reduce the number of cases associated with
the intake of psychoactive substances, which may also contribute to taking one’s own life, preventive measures are necessary. One
should make adults (mainly parents) aware of their unconscious impact on the emergence of addictions to toxic agents on both the
physical and mental health of emotionally immature juveniles. The young generation may not see alternatives to a distant future,
and it is the duty of those who are responsible for them to show them the sense in continuing their existence.
Cybersecurity and the Handling of Cyber Incidents
Authors: Kosiński Jerzy , Gontarz Tomasz , Kośla Robert
Published: September 2019

The article presents interpretations of the concepts of cybersecurity and cybercrime as well as the abuse of the term cybernetic. The author refers to information as a new “centre of gravity” of the nation’s power and special attention is paid to activities aimed at ensuring a high level of information security in Poland. The assumptions of the draft Act on the national cybersecurity system are described and particular emphasis is placed on the issues of technical and organisational reporting and the handling of ICT security incidents. The author points out that handling incidents violating cyber security at a strategic level for
a country ought to be considered as an intentional action of a definite and repeatable character. Here the reference to the ISO/IEC standards and recommendations can be found. Moreover, behaviours related to securing digital evidence after an incident, including the so-called good practice in relation to the reaction in the event of an incident, are presented. A simplified procedure for securing computer hardware, as a recommended method of action in case of the triage and live data forensics, are suggested in the article. The recommendations of the FORZA methodology and frameworks are also discussed. When summarising, the author underlines that it is essential to prepare appropriate procedures and personnel for the broadly understood handling of incidents violating cybersecurity. This includes protection of digital evidence according to the procedures, good practice and suggestions contained
in normative documents, as well as implementing cybersecurity policy, bringing legislation into line with international standards and educating users and the judiciary.
Protection of Cultural Heritage During Crisis Situations
Authors: Pietrek Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

Crisis situations such as catastrophes, natural disasters, armed conflicts and others pose a threat to different values. The author presents various definitions of a crisis situation found in the literature and concentrates on crisis management which might be treated as an interdisciplinary field of science. In order to achieve efficiency in crisis management one needs to apply a remarkable skill of working under pressure. In crisis situations mainly human life and health, natural environment, economy, spiritual and material values of the state or the region and its inhabitants are threatened and the functioning of state administration institutions may be also impaired. Among the protected values cultural assets seem to be neglected and legal documents in this sphere aren’t being updated. Therefore the author has presented his attempts at providing an analysis of available expert literature and legal acts, and using different research methods (such as comparison, synthesis or reasoning) he has presented the current condition of the
discussed problem, indicating some potential shortcomings of the system. The plans for the protection of historical monuments are an integral part of the civil defence plans and they undergo annual updating. The author also discusses the theoretical problems in crisis management in Poland, which can be analysed in the context of strategic, tactical and operational management.