bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early‐life malnutrition causes gastrointestinal dysmotility that is sexually dimorphic
Authors: Soni Krishnakant G. , Dike Peace N. , Suh Ji Ho , Halder Tripti , Edwards Price T. , Foong Jaime P. P. , Conner Margaret E. , Preidis Geoffrey A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Slow gastrointestinal (GI) transit occurs in moderate‐to‐severe malnutrition. Mechanisms underlying malnutrition‐associated dysmotility remain unknown, partially due to lack of animal models. This study sought to characterize GI dysmotility in mouse models of malnutrition.

Methods

Neonatal mice were malnourished by timed maternal separation. Alternatively, low‐protein, low‐fat diet was administered to dams, with malnourished neonates tested at two weeks or weaned to the same chow and tested as young adults. We determined total GI transit time by carmine red gavage, colonic motility by rectal bead latency, and both gastric emptying and small bowel motility with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated dextran. We assessed histology with light microscopy, ex vivo contractility and permeability with force‐transduction and Ussing chamber studies, and gut microbiota composition by 16S rDNA sequencing.

Key Results

Both models of neonatal malnutrition and young adult malnourished males but not females exhibited moderate growth faltering, stunting, and grossly abnormal stomachs. Progression of fluorescent dye was impaired in both neonatal models of malnutrition, whereas gastric emptying was delayed only in maternally separated pups and malnourished young adult females. Malnourished young adult males but not females had atrophic GI mucosa, exaggerated intestinal contractile responses, and increased gut barrier permeability. These sex‐specific abnormalities were associated with altered gut microbial communities.

Conclusions & Inferences

Multiple models of early‐life malnutrition exhibit delayed upper GI transit. Malnutrition affects young adult males more profoundly than females. These models will facilitate future studies to identify mechanisms underlying malnutrition‐induced pathophysiology and sex‐specific regulatory effects.
Minimalistic strategy for coronary sinus lead implant: A single tool capable of electrophysiological mapping, pressure measurement, and angiography
Authors: Samanta Rahul , Ng Ben , Ha Andrew , Bhaskaran Abhishek , Bokhari Mahmoud , Nair Krishnakumar , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy
Published: July 2020

Background

Left ventricular (LV) lead implantation for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be confounded by contrast load during attempted cannulation and lead dislodgement during guiding catheter splitting. An LV lead implant system with a steerable single catheter that completely avoids the use of guiding catheters when needed, acquires atrioventricular electrograms, measures intracardiac pressures, permits CS angiography, and has the ability to direct a coronary angioplasty wire that will lead the final delivery of LV lead into a CS tributary, may help limit contrast use and avoid lead dislodgement at CS guide sheath removal.

Methods and Results

In this article as a proof of concept, we describe the use of this minimalist technique as a first line approach in six patients who had standard indications for CRT. The LV lead was successfully implanted in a target vein in all patients without acute complications. Contrast was not used in half the group and the LV lead was successfully implanted without guiding catheter in four patients. The implantation technique evolved through the series and in the final patient, no guiding sheath or contrast was used. Postimplant lead positions on chest X‐ray and lead parameters were stable in all patients at follow‐up.

Conclusion

In proof of concept paper, we describe a technique of LV lead implantation potentially without the use of contrast and standard CS guiding catheters. Once familiar, this approach may provide a less complicated strategy.
Photosynthetically active radiation impacts significantly on root and cell hydraulics in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Saini Gurvin , Fricke Wieland
Published: July 2020

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) affects transpirational water loss, yet we do not know through which mechanisms root water uptake is adjusted in parallel. Here, we exposed hydroponically grown barley plants to three levels of PAR [Normal (control), Low, High] and focused on the role which aquaporins (AQPs), apoplastic barriers (Casparian bands, suberin lamellae) and root morphology play in the adjustment of root hydraulic conductivity (Lp). Plants were analyzed when they were 14–18 days (d) old. Root and cell Lp, which involves AQP activity, was determined through exudation and cell pressure probe measurements, respectively. Gene expression of AQPs was analyzed through qPCR. The formation of apoplastic barriers was studied through staining of cross‐sections. The rate of transpirational water loss per plant and unit leaf area increased in response to high‐PAR and decreased in response to low‐PAR treatments, both during day and night. Hydraulic conductivity in roots decreased significantly at organ and cell level in response to Low‐PAR, and increased (organ) or did not change (cell level) in response to High‐PAR. The formation of apoplastic barriers was little affected by PAR. Gene expression of AQPs tended to be highest in the Low‐PAR treatment. Lateral roots, showing few apoplastic barriers, contributed the least in Low‐ and the most to root surface area in High‐PAR plants. It is concluded that barley plants which experience changes in shoot transpirational water loss in response to PAR adjust root water uptake through changes in root Lp, and that these changes are mediated through altered AQP activity and root morphology.
R &D investments and profitability during the crisis: evidence from Greece
Authors: Dimitropoulos Panagiotis E.
Published: July 2020

Innovation and Research and Development (R&D) investments have been considered in the literature as a significant determinant of corporate development and sustainability. Previous studies have examined the impact of intangibles on financial performance but not extensively within economic environments of intense financial turmoil. The scope of this study is to shed further light on this issue and examine whether R&D investments had an impact on the profitability of Greek firms especially during the sovereign debt crisis. We collected a sample of Greek corporations that have capitalized their R&D investments and paid significant amounts on R&D expenses during the period 2003–2016. Panel regression results indicated that R&D investments and R&D expenses had a negative impact on the profitability of sample firms before the crisis, but during the crisis (2011–2016) firms which managed to sustain or enhance their level of R&D investments achieved to improve their profitability. These findings corroborate our hypotheses that during a period of limited lending and hearse financial turmoil, R&D investments could be a vital tool for sustaining firms' financial performance. The study offers useful implications for managers and regulators, and contributes to the ongoing debate about the impact of R&D investments on corporate performance.
Detection and integrated analysis of lncRNA and mRNA relevant to plateau adaptation of Yak
Authors: Wang Jiabo , Chai Zhixin , Deng Lei , Wang Jikun , Wang Hui , Tang You , Zhong Jincheng , Ji Qiumei
Published: July 2020

Known as the ‘ship of the plateau’, through thousands of years evolution and cruelty environments selection containing low oxygen and strong ultraviolet radiation, yaks have adapted plateau environments and supplied important goods and materials for the people in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes and novel long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of yaks for the Plateau adaptation and their underlying co‐expression and regulatory network. We carried out RNA‐seq analysis for cerebral and cerebellar tissue specimens of Bos taurus, Bos grunniens × Bos Taurus and B. grunniens. Furthermore, 12,072 pseudo lncRNAs were predicted using three software. In total, 4,257 significant DE transcripts were identified using the Ballgown R package (p < .01), of which 1,021 were protein‐coding genes, 14 were known lncRNAs, and 661 were novel lncRNAs. Using WGCNA, a co‐expression network of DE mRNAs and lncRNAs comprising 5 modules was generated to determine functional associations clusters. This study reveals a valuable sub‐network comprising 8 hub genes, one known lncRNA and 5 novel lncRNAs in the major module. These hub genes are associated with blood pressure regulation, generation of reactive oxygen species and metabolism. The analysis of co‐expressed genes thus provides a basis for the regulatory mechanisms in PA in Yaks and for the detection of additional genes between cross‐breed and parent populations.
B cell signalling pathways—New targets for precision medicine in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Skånland Sigrid S. , Karlsen Linda , Taskén Kjetil
Published: July 2020

The B cell receptor (BCR) is a master regulator of B cells, controlling cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and survival. Cell signalling downstream of the BCR is aberrantly activated in the B cell malignancy chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), supporting the pathophysiology of the disease. This insight has led to development and approval of small molecule inhibitors that target components of the BCR pathway. These advances have greatly improved the management of CLL, but the disease remains incurable. This may partly be explained by the inter‐patient heterogeneity of the disease, also when it comes to treatment responses. Precision medicine is therefore required to optimize treatment and move towards a cure. Here, we discuss how the introduction of BCR signalling inhibitors has facilitated the development of functional in vitro assays to guide clinical treatment decisions on use of the same therapeutic agents in individual patients. The cellular responses to these agents can be analysed in high‐throughput assays such as dynamic BH3 profiling, phospho flow experiments and drug sensitivity screens to identify predictive biomarkers. This progress exemplifies the positive synergy between basal and translational research needed to optimize patient care.
Underrepresenting Reality? Media Coverage of Women in Politics and Sport
Authors: Courtney Michael , Breen Michael , McGing Claire , McMenamin Iain , O'Malley Eoin , Rafter Kevin
Published: July 2020

Objectives

How do surges in female representation in public life affect media coverage? Can the media underrepresent the reality of women's progress? If so, is the source of underrepresentation the media itself or social elites that interact with the media?

Methods

Using automatic content analysis, we study two remarkable step changes in women's role in public life in Ireland: the 2016 elections and 2012 Olympics.

Results

The increase in female participation was associated with a new and substantial gender gap in coverage, which we attribute to the media, not other elites.

Conclusions

We cannot assume that media coverage will increase proportionally as women advance in public life. The reemergence of bias when female representation jumps may also exist outside the media in any context where there are large numbers of decisions about whether to favor males or females.
Three Roads to Populism? An Italian Field Study on the 2019 European Election
Authors: Roccato Michele , Cavazza Nicoletta , Colloca Pasquale , Russo Silvia
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We predicted populist orientation and vote for two populist parties, the Five Star Movement (FSM) and the League, in the 2019 European election by focusing on perceived economic threat, perceived cultural threat, dissatisfaction with representative democracy, and on first‐order interactions.

Method

We surveyed a quota sample of the Italian adult general population (N = 1,504) and tested a latent moderated structural equations model aimed at predicting participants’ populist vote and populist orientation.

Results

Perceived cultural threat and dissatisfaction with democracy were positively associated with populist orientation. Dissatisfaction with democracy was positively associated with votes for the FSM, while perceived cultural threat was positively associated with votes for the League. Perceived economic threat was negatively associated with votes for the League.

Conclusion

Populist orientation and populist vote share just some predictors, and are associated with main effects only, but not with interactions between perceived cultural, economic, and political variables.
Validation of the photomechanical spalling test in the case of non‐linear dynamic response: Application to a granite rock
Authors: Lukić Bratislav , Saletti Dominique , Forquin Pascal
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the use of the virtual fields method for the identification of a strongly asymmetric compression–tension response of rock‐like materials under dynamic tensile loading is investigated. The photomechanical spalling set‐up is used, which induces an indirect tensile load in a non‐balanced sample, and the inertial component of the test is directly related to the measured dynamic stress with no previous assumption on the material behaviour. This experimental method provides a direct route to identifying the material asymmetric constitutive response in compression and tension under a uniaxial stress state as well as the material non‐linear response after tensile strength is reached. To validate this approach, the entire measurement chain for the case of a post‐peak response is investigated through simulated experiments that incorporate a damage model and synthetic grid images. Finally, the method is applied to the case of granite rock, namely, a Bohus granite, as to directly measure the material asymmetric compression–tension and the softening response after peak tensile stress.
Aquaporin‐2 and NKCC2 expression pattern in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
Authors: Duarte Daniella Bezerra , Meneses Gdayllon Cavalcante , Lima Dânya Bandeira , Martins Alice Maria Costa , da Silva Júnior Geraldo Bezerra , Daher Elizabeth De Francesco
Published: July 2020

Objective

Schistosoma mansoni infection is considered a public health problem. Glomerular involvement in schistosomiasis is a well‐documented complication, especially in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS). However, renal tubular function is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate, through urinary exosomes, tubular transporters functionally in HSS patients.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study of 20 HSS patients who had isolated exosomes from urine samples. Protease inhibitor was added in the urine samples who were immediately frozen at −80 °C for further exosomes isolation. After urine had thawed, urinary exosomes were obtained using extensive vortexing, centrifugation and ultracentrifugation steps of urine. Urinary transporters expression from exosomes was evaluated by western blot, including NHE3, AQP2 and NKCC2. Charge amounts for gel electrophoresis were adjusted by urinary creatinine concentration of each patient to avoid urinary concentration bias. All protein expression of HSS patients was relative to healthy controls.

Results

The expression of aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) was lower in HSS patients than in controls (46.8 ± 40.7 vs. 100 ± 70.2%, P = 0.03) and the expression of the NKCC2 co‐transporter was higher (191.7 ± 248.6 vs. 100 ± 43.6%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

The decrease of AQP2 and the increase of NKCC2 expression in HSS patients seem to be involved with the inability of urinary concentration in these patients. These data show renal tubular abnormalities in HSS patients without manifest clinical disease.
Arthroscopic approach and intra‐articular anatomy of the equine discomandibular joint compartment of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Carmalt James L. , Tucker Michelle L.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To develop an arthroscopic approach to the discomandibular joint (DMJ), the ventral compartment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the horse.

Study design

Experimental study.

Sample population

Nine cadaveric equine heads and two live horses.

Methods

A 2.5‐mm 30° arthroscope was used to explore the DMJ after joint distension. The first portal was created caudally, allowing placement of a rostral portal under visual guidance. Nasotracheal intubation of the live horses allowed mandibular manipulation, which is required for complete visualization of the joint.

Results

A novel injection technique allowed consistent arthrocentesis of the DMJ. The joint could be completely explored by using both portals and manipulation of the mandible. Variations in the medial joint capsule were observed between horses along with a cyst of the mandibular condyle in one horse. The only complication consisted of damage to the parotid salivary gland, which occurred in three cadaver heads. No communication was found between the joint compartments of the TMJ.

Conclusion

Correct portal placement and intraoperative manipulation of the mandible were critical and allowed complete exploration and debridement of the DMJ.

Clinical significance

Determining the independence of the TMJ joint compartments has clinical ramifications for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical disorders. Most TMJ pathology, notwithstanding sepsis, is identified within the DMJ. Arthroscopic exploration of the DMJ is possible and may help manage these conditions.
Noncontact Displacement Measurement of Nuclear Waste Canisters in a Geological Disposal by Using an Electromagnetic-Wave Approach
Authors: Cappelli Mauro , Surrenti Vincenzo
Published: July 2020

The aim of this work is to show a preliminary investigation of possible noncontact techniques for displacement measurement of radioactive waste in a geological disposal. Since a nuclear waste repository can be considered as a harsh environment, the possibility to study alternative methods for measurement, for example, not using cables or buses for detecting relevant data, should be considered as a priority. A straightforward approach could be the substitution of cables with wireless sensors. But if cables cannot be used and the use of wireless techniques is required, new sensors must assure a reliable transmission without affecting the engineered barriers performance and the reliable use of energy supply for the measuring equipment over long periods. This work shows the results of a study of feasibility on using an electromagnetic (EM) approach for the contactless displacement measurement of a canister immersed and suspended in bentonite, a material with a high degree of water retention.
Modeling, design, and machine learning-based framework for optimal injectability of microparticle-based drug formulations
Authors: Sarmadi Morteza , Behrens Adam M. , McHugh Kevin J. , Contreras Hannah T. M. , Tochka Zachary L. , Lu Xueguang , Langer Robert , Jaklenec Ana
Published: July 2020

We investigate particle injectability as an essential parameter for design of microparticle-based drug delivery systems.
BMP-1 disrupts cell adhesion and enhances TGF-β activation through cleavage of the matricellular protein thrombospondin-1
Authors: Anastasi Cyril , Rousselle Patricia , Talantikite Maya , Tessier Agnès , Cluzel Caroline , Bachmann Alice , Mariano Natacha , Dussoyer Mélissa , Alcaraz Lindsay B. , Fortin Laëtitia , Aubert Alexandre , Delolme Frédéric , El Kholti Naïma , Armengaud Jean , Fournié Pierre , Auxenfans Céline , Valcourt Ulrich , Goff Sandrine Vadon-Le , Moali Catherine
Published: July 2020

BMP-1–mediated cleavage of TSP-1 reduces cell adhesion and promotes TGF-β signaling.
In VitroActivity of Tedizolid Compared to Linezolid and Five Other Antimicrobial Agents against 332 Anaerobic Isolates, Including Bacteroides fragilis Group,Prevotella,Porphyromonas, andVeillonellaSpecies
Authors: Goldstein Ellie J. C. , Merriam C. Vreni , Citron Diane M.
Published: July 2020

Tedizolid’s anaerobic activity is unappreciated. In this study, it was active against all 332 anaerobic isolates tested at ≤2 μg/ml exceptBilophila wadsworthiaand was more active than linezolid againstBacteroides fragilisgroup species (MIC90, 1 μg/ml versus 2 to 4 μg/ml). Tedizolid was active against Gram-positive anaerobes (MIC90for clostridia, 0.25 to 1 μg/ml; MIC90for anaerobic cocci, ≤0.
“Asymmetry Is the Rhythmic Expression of Functional Design,” a Quotation from Jan Tschichold
Authors: Lutkenhaus Joe
Published: July 2020

The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria provide a permeability barrier to antibiotics and other harmful chemicals. The integrity of this barrier relies on the maintenance of the lipid asymmetry of the outer membrane, and studies of suppressors of a decades-old mutant reveal that YejM plays a key regulatory role and provide a model for the maintenance of this asymmetry.
Murine Leukemia Virus P50 Protein Counteracts APOBEC3 by Blocking Its Packaging
Authors: Zhao Wenming , Akkawi Charbel , Mougel Marylène , Ross Susan R.
Published: July 2020

MLV has existed in mice for at least a million years, in spite of the existence of host restriction factors that block infection. Although MLV is considered a simple retrovirus compared to lentiviruses, it does encode proteins generated from alternatively spliced RNAs. Here, we show that P50, generated from an alternatively spliced RNA encoded in
gag
, counteracts APOBEC3 by blocking its packaging. MLV also encodes a protein, glycoGag, that increases capsid stability and limits APOBEC3 access to the reverse transcription complex (RTC). Thus, MLV has evolved multiple means of preventing APOBEC3 from blocking infection, explaining its survival as an infectious pathogen in mice.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Marine Biofilm Isolates,
Leisingera
sp. nov. Strains 201A and 204H, Novel Representatives of the
Roseobacter
Group
Authors: Cavalcanti Giselle S. , Wasserscheid Jessica , Dewar Ken , Shikuma Nicholas J.
Published: July 2020

Here, we report the complete-genome assemblies of biofilm isolates 201A and 204H. They possess six and seven plasmids, respectively, with a size ranging from 44 kb to 159 kb. Genomic comparisons place the two strains into one new species belonging to the genus
Leisingera
as novel representatives of the
Roseobacter
group.
Supplemental Material: Early–Middle Devonian brachiopod provincialism and bioregionalization at high latitudes: A case study from southwestern Gondwana
Authors: Penn-Clarke C.R. , Harper D.A.T.
Published: July 2020

Two-way Jaccard cluster analysis of the dataset comparing the relational grouping among brachiopod genera to their respective depobasins and bioregions.
Sepsis and thyroid storm in a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis
Authors: Nagarajan Vaishnavi Divya , Morales Alba , Pleasant Lawtanya , Shenoi Asha
Published: July 2020

Paediatric hyperthyroidism cases are mostly caused by Grave’s disease. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition seen rarely, in severe thyrotoxicosis, occurring in about 1%–2% of patients with hyperthyroidism. Antithyroid medications and beta-blockers are typically the first-line management of thyroid storm. We report a challenging case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with thyroid storm in the setting of septic shock and methimazole-induced agranulocytosis. Since the first-line agents were contraindicated, plasmapheresis was used to control the thyroid storm and as a bridging therapy to the definitive therapy of early thyroidectomy. This is the first paediatric case report that outlines the use of plasmapheresis in the management of complicated thyrotoxicosis in a setting of septic shock.
Food & mood: a review of supplementary prebiotic and probiotic interventions in the treatment of anxiety and depression in adults
Authors: Noonan Sanjay , Zaveri Meena , Macaninch Elaine , Martyn Kathy
Published: July 2020

Background

A bidirectional relationship exists between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Foods containing bacteria that positively influence the gastrointestinal microbiome are termed, probiotics; compounds that promote the flourishing of these bacteria are termed, prebiotics. Whether microbiome influencing therapies could treat psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, is an area of interest. Presently, no established consensus for such treatment exists.

Methods

This systematic review analyses databases and grey literature sites to investigate pre and/or probiotics as treatments for depression and/or anxiety disorders. Articles included are from within 15 years. Pre-determined inclusion exclusion criteria were applied, and articles were appraised for their quality using a modified-CASP checklist. This review focuses specifically on quantitative measures from patients with clinical diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety disorders.

Results

7 studies were identified. All demonstrated significant improvements in one or more of the outcomes measuring the of effect taking pre/probiotics compared with no treatment/placebo, or when compared to baseline measurements.

Discussion

Our review suggests utilising pre/probiotic may be a potentially useful adjunctive treatment. Furthermore, patients with certain co-morbidities, such as IBS, might experience greater benefits from such treatments, given that pre/probiotic are useful treatments for other conditions that were not the primary focus of this discourse. Our results are limited by several factors: sample sizes (adequate, though not robust); short study durations, long-term effects and propensity for remission undetermined.

Conclusion

Our results affirm that pre/probiotic therapy warrants further investigation. Efforts should aim to elucidate whether the perceived efficacy of pre/probiotic therapy in depression and/or anxiety disorders can be replicated in larger test populations, and whether such effects are maintained through continued treatment, or post cessation. Interventions should also be investigated in isolation, not combination, to ascertain where the observed effects are attributable to. Efforts to produce mechanistic explanations for such effect should be a priority.
Use of simulation training to teach the ABCDE primary assessment: an observational study in a Dutch University Hospital with a 3–4 months follow-up
Authors: Drost-de Klerck Amanda M , Olgers Tycho J , van de Meeberg Evelien K , Schonrock-Adema Johanna , ter Maaten Jan C
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To investigate short-term and long-term effectiveness of simulation training to acquire a structured Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) approach for medical emergencies; and to examine which skills were learnt and maintained best.

Design

An observational study with a 3–4 months follow-up.

Setting

Skills center of the University Medical Center Groningen.

Participants

Thirty voluntary participants (21 females and 9 males; 27±2.77 years) of a simulation-based course.

Intervention

A 2-day ABCDE-teaching course for residents and non-residents. The course encompasses 24 simulations in which participants perform primary assessments of acute ill patients. Video recordings were taken of each participant performing a primary assessment, before (T1), directly after (T2) and 3–4 months after the intervention (T3).

Main outcome measures

Physicians’ performance in the ABCDE primary assessment at T1, T2 and T3. Two observers scored the primary assessments, blinded to measurement moment, using an assessment form to evaluate the performance with regard to skills essential for a structured ABCDE approach. The Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare physicians’ performances on the subsequent measurement moments.

Results

The mean ranks on the total primary assessment at T1, T2 and T3 were 1.14, 2.62 and 2.24, respectively, and were significantly different, (p<0.001).

The mean ranks on the total primary assessment directly after the course (T2 vs T1 p<0.001) and 3–4 months after the course (T3 vs T1 p<0.001) were significantly better than before the course. Certain skills deteriorated during the follow-up. Strikingly, most skills that decrease over time are Crew Resources Management (CRM) skills.

Conclusion

A course using simulation training is an effective educational tool to teach physicians the ABCDE primary assessment. Certain CRM skills decrease over time, so we recommend organising refresher courses, simulation team training or another kind of simulation training with a focus on CRM skills.
Development of an occupational advice intervention for patients undergoing elective hip and knee replacement: a Delphi study
Authors: Baker Paul , Kottam Lucksy , Coole Carol , Drummond Avril , McDaid Catriona , Rangan Amar
Published: July 2020

Objective

To obtain consensus on the content and delivery of an occupational advice intervention for patients undergoing primary hip and knee replacement surgery. The primary targets for the intervention were (1) patients, carers and employers through the provision of individualised support and information about returning to work and (2) hospital orthopaedic teams through the development of a framework and materials to enable this support and information to be delivered.

Design

Modified Delphi study as part of a wider intervention development study (The Occupational advice for Patients undergoing Arthroplasty of the Lower limb (OPAL) study: Health Technology Assessment Reference 15/28/02) (ISRCTN27426982).

Setting

Five stakeholder groups (patients, employers, orthopaedic surgeons, general practitioners, allied health professionals and nurses) recruited from across the UK.

Participants

Sixty-six participants.

Methods

Statements for the Delphi process were developed relating to the content, format, delivery, timing and measurement of an occupational advice intervention. The statements were based on evidence gathered through the OPAL study that was processed using an intervention mapping framework. Intervention content was examined in round 1 and intervention format, delivery, timing and measurement were examined in round 2. In round 3, the developed intervention was presented to the stakeholder groups for comment.

Consensus

For rounds 1 and 2, consensus was defined as 70% agreement or disagreement on a 4-point scale. Statements reaching consensus were ranked according to the distribution of responses to create a hierarchy of agreement. Round 3 comments were used to revise the final version of the developed occupational advice intervention.

Results

Consensus was reached for 36 of 64 round 1 content statements (all agreement). In round 2, 13 questions were carried forward and an additional 81 statements were presented. Of these, 49 reached consensus (44 agreement/5 disagreement). Eleven respondents provided an appraisal of the intervention in round 3.

Conclusions

The Delphi process informed the development of an occupational advice intervention as part of a wider intervention development study. Stakeholder agreement was achieved for a large number of intervention elements encompassing the content, format, delivery and timing of the intervention. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the developed intervention will require evaluation in a randomised controlled trial.

Trial registration number

International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number Trial ID: ISRCTN27426982
End-of-life care preferences of older patients with multimorbidity: protocol of a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Gonzalez-Gonzalez Ana Isabel , Schmucker Christine , Nothacker Julia , Nguyen Truc Sophia , Brueckle Maria-Sophie , Blom Jeanet , van den Akker Marjan , Röttger Kristian , Wegwarth Odette , Hoffmann Tammy , Gerlach Ferdinand M , Straus Sharon E , Meerpohl Joerg J , Muth Christiane
Published: July 2020

Introduction

End-of-life care is an essential task performed by most healthcare providers and often involves decision-making about how and where patients want to receive care. To provide decision support to healthcare professionals and patients in this difficult situation, we will systematically review a knowledge cluster of the end-of-life care preferences of older patients with multimorbidity that we previously identified using an evidence map.

Methods and analysis

We will systematically search for studies reporting end-of-life care preferences of older patients (mean age ≥60) with multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded, PSYNDEX and The Cochrane Library from inception to September 2019. We will include all primary studies that use quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies, irrespective of publication date and language.

Two independent reviewers will assess eligibility, extract data and describe evidence in terms of study/population characteristics, preference assessment method and end-of-life care elements that matter to patients (eg, life-sustaining treatments). Risk of bias/applicability of results will be independently assessed by two reviewers using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Using a convergent integrated approach on qualitative/quantitative studies, we will synthesise information narratively and, wherever possible, quantitatively.

Ethics and dissemination

Due to the nature of the proposed systematic review, ethics approval is not required. Results from our research will be disseminated at relevant (inter-)national conferences and via publication in peer-reviewed journals. Synthesising evidence on end-of-life care preferences of older patients with multimorbidity will improve shared decision-making and satisfaction in this final period of life.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020151862.
ARIPOR2in-frame deletion is a frequent and highly penetrant cause of adult-onset hearing loss
Authors: de Bruijn Suzanne E , Smits Jeroen J , Liu Chang , Lanting Cornelis P , Beynon Andy J , Blankevoort Joëlle , Oostrik Jaap , Koole Wouter , de Vrieze Erik , Cremers Cor W R J , Cremers Frans P M , Roosing Susanne , Yntema Helger G , Kunst Henricus P M , Zhao Bo , Pennings Ronald J E , Kremer Hannie
Published: July 2020

Background

Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent disabilities worldwide, and has a significant impact on quality of life. The adult-onset type of the condition is highly heritable but the genetic causes are largely unknown, which is in contrast to childhood-onset hearing loss.

Methods

Family and cohort studies included exome sequencing and characterisation of the hearing phenotype. Ex vivo protein expression addressed the functional effect of a DNA variant.

Results

An in-frame deletion of 12 nucleotides inRIPOR2was identified as a highly penetrant cause of adult-onset progressive hearing loss that segregated as an autosomal dominant trait in 12 families from the Netherlands. Hearing loss associated with the deletion in 63 subjects displayed variable audiometric characteristics and an average (SD) age of onset of 30.6 (14.9) years (range 0–70 years). A functional effect of theRIPOR2variant was demonstrated by aberrant localisation of the mutant RIPOR2 in the stereocilia of cochlear hair cells and failure to rescue morphological defects in RIPOR2-deficient hair cells, in contrast to the wild-type protein. Strikingly, theRIPOR2variant is present in 18 of 22 952 individuals not selected for hearing loss in the Southeast Netherlands.

Conclusion

Collectively, the presented data demonstrate that an inherited form of adult-onset hearing loss is relatively common, with potentially thousands of individuals at risk in the Netherlands and beyond, which makes it an attractive target for developing a (genetic) therapy.
Mesial bifrontal stroke presenting as isolated spontaneous confabulations
Authors: Nersesjan Vardan , Bogwardt Henrik Gutte , Kondziella Daniel
Published: July 2020

A 52-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presented with spontaneous confabulation, working memory deficits, and frontal release signs. MR scan of brain showed bifrontal mesial ischaemic strokes and angiography demonstrated that both anterior cerebral arteries were supplied by the left internal carotid artery. Isolated spontaneous confabulation is a rare presentation of stroke and may be associated with orbitofrontal cortex lesions. Interestingly, functional imaging during rapid-eye-movement sleep may show bilateral medial frontal lobe hypometabolism, suggesting anatomical overlap between dreaming and the bizarre content of this patient’s spontaneous confabulation.
Strategies for the assessment of competences during rheumatology training across Europe: results of a qualitative study
Authors: Najm Aurélie , Alunno Alessia , Sivera Francisca , Ramiro Sofia , Haines Catherine
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To gain insight into current methods and practices for the assessment of competences during rheumatology training, and to explore the underlying priorities and rationales for competence assessment.

Methods

We used a qualitative approach through online focus groups (FGs) of rheumatology trainers and trainees, separately. The study included five countries—Denmark, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom. A summary of current practices of assessment of competences was developed, modified and validated by the FGs based on an independent response to a questionnaire. A prioritising method (9 Diamond technique) was then used to identify and justify key assessment priorities.

Results

Overall, 26 participants (12 trainers, 14 trainees) participated in nine online FGs (2 per country, Slovenia 1 joint), totalling 12 hours of online discussion. Strong nationally (the Netherlands, UK) or institutionally (Spain, Slovenia, Denmark) standardised approaches were described. Most groups identified providing frequent formative feedback to trainees for developmental purposes as the highest priority. Most discussions identified a need for improvement, particularly in developing streamlined approaches to portfolios that remain close to clinical practice, protecting time for quality observation and feedback, and adopting systematic approaches to incorporating teamwork and professionalism into assessment systems.

Conclusion

This paper presents a clearer picture of the current practice on the assessment of competences in rheumatology in five European countries and the underlying rationale of trainers’ and trainees’ priorities. This work will inform EULAR Points-to-Consider for the assessment of competences in rheumatology training across Europe.
The utilization of Ricinus communis in the phytomanagement of heavy metal contaminated soils
Authors: Yeboah Akwasi , Lu Jiannong , Gu Shuailei , Shi Yuzhen , Amoanimaa-Dede Hanna , Agyenim-Boateng Kwadwo Gyapong , Yin Xuegui
Published: July 2020

Soil contamination with toxic metals is a major global concern due to their effects on plants and the ecosystem. In contaminated soils, some plant species have the ability to remediate heavy metals. Ricinus communis L., is an industrial crop plant gaining popularity in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils owing to its strong and deep penetrating roots aiding high metal accumulation and large biomass level. Ricinus communis can tolerate high amounts of metals by adopting different strategies, which include the production of antioxidant enzymes, subcellular localization, and exudation of organic acid. At the molecular level, R. communis can tolerate metal stress by activating stress-responsive genes. Proper selection of metal-tolerant R. communis cultivars is effective in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, owing to their high capacity for metal tolerance. Exogenous application of mineral fertilization and the use of microbes and chelating agents increase metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soil. Also, good agronomic practices such as co-planting of R. communis with other leguminous crops enhance R. communis growth and metal tolerance, thereby improving remediation of metal-contaminated soils. This review, therefore, critically discusses the recent approaches in using R. communis to remediate metal-contaminated soils.
Ancient solutions of superlinear heat equations on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Castorina Daniele , Mantegazza Carlo
Published: July 2020

We study some qualitative properties of ancient solutions of superlinear heat equations on a Riemannian manifold, with particular interest in positivity and constancy in space.
Existence of pseudoheavy fibers of moment maps
Authors: Kawasaki Morimichi , Orita Ryuma
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we introduce the notion of pseudoheaviness of closed subsets of closed symplectic manifolds and prove the existence of pseudoheavy fibers of moment maps. In particular, we generalize Entov and Polterovich’s theorem, which ensures the existence of non-displaceable fibers. As its application, we provide a partial answer to a problem posed by them, which asks the existence of heavy fibers. Moreover, we obtain a family of singular Lagrangian submanifolds in [Formula: see text] with various rigidities.
On the representation theory of the infinite Temperley–Lieb algebra
Authors: Moore Stephen T.
Published: July 2020

We begin the study of the representation theory of the infinite Temperley–Lieb algebra. We fully classify its finite-dimensional representations, then introduce infinite link state representations and classify when they are irreducible or indecomposable. We also define a construction of projective indecomposable representations for TL[Formula: see text] that generalizes to give extensions of TL[Formula: see text] representations. Finally, we define a generalization of the spin chain representation and conjecture a generalization of Schur–Weyl duality.
The influence of ℳ-supplemented subgroups on the structure of chief factors of finite groups
Authors: Yu Haoran
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly [Formula: see text]-hypercyclically embedded subgroups, and investigate the influence of [Formula: see text]-supplemented subgroups on the structure of chief factors of finite groups. First, we find a connection between [Formula: see text]-supplemented subgroups and normally embedded subgroups. With the help of this connection, we give some criteria for (weakly) [Formula: see text]-hypercyclically embeddability of normal subgroups of finite groups by using fewer [Formula: see text]-supplemented [Formula: see text]-subgroups with given order. In particular, we not only simplify, but also improve the Main Theorem of [L. Miao and J. Zhang, On a class of non-solvable groups, J. Algebra 496 (2018) 1–10]. Finally, we point out that for a [Formula: see text]-subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], the concept of [Formula: see text]-embedded subgroups coincides with the concept of [Formula: see text]-supplemented subgroups.
Navigational Analysis of Multiple Humanoids Using a Hybridized Rule Base-Sugeno Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Muni Manoj Kumar , Parhi Dayal R. , Kumar Priyadarshi Biplab , Rath Asita Kumar
Published: July 2020

This paper describes a rule base-Sugeno fuzzy hybrid controller for path planning of single as well as multiple humanoid robots in cluttered environments. Initially, sensor outputs regarding the obstacle distances are used as inputs to the rule base model, and turning angle is obtained as the output. The rule-based analysis is used for training the fuzzy controller with membership functions. The output from the rule base model along with other regular inputs is supplied to a Sugeno fuzzy model, and effective turning angle is obtained as the final output to avoid the obstacles present in the environment and navigate the humanoids safely to their target points. The proposed hybrid controller is tested on a V-REP simulation platform, and the simulation results are validated in an experimental set-up. To avoid the possibility of any inter-collision during navigation of multiple humanoids on a common platform, a Petri-net scheme is integrated along with the proposed hybrid model. Finally, the results obtained from simulation and experimental platforms are compared against each other with proper agreement and minimal percentage of deviations. To validate the proposed controller, it has also been tested against another existing navigational approach, and satisfactory performance enhancement has been observed.
On generalized gamma-Bazilevic functions
Authors: Noor Khalida Inayat , Shah Shujaat Ali , Saliu Afis
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we define and study the class [Formula: see text] of generalized gamma-Bazilevic functions. Our main focus is to discuss certain problems such as inclusion results, covering theorem and radius problem.
On difference sequence spaces of fractional-order involving Padovan numbers
Authors: Yaying Taja , Hazarika Bipan , Mohiuddine Syed Abdul
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we introduce Padovan difference sequence spaces of fractional-order [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] by the composition of the fractional-order difference operator [Formula: see text] and the Padovan matrix [Formula: see text] defined by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]

respectively, where the sequence [Formula: see text] is the Padovan sequence. We give some topological properties, Schauder basis and [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-duals of the newly defined spaces. We characterize certain matrix classes related to the [Formula: see text] space. Finally, we characterize certain classes of compact operators on [Formula: see text] using Hausdorff measure of noncompactness.
Investigations of Al2O3–Nb2O5 bi-layer Bragg reflector investigations for blue and green lights
Authors: You Shu-Min , You Cheng-Yang , Lin Jing-Jenn , Yang Cheng-Fu
Published: July 2020

At first, the single-layer Al2O3 and Nb2O5 films were deposited to find their refractive indices. After the indices of the single-layer Al2O3 and Nb2O5 films were measured, the thickness of 1/4 wavelength ([Formula: see text] for each layer of the Al2O3–Nb2O5 bi-layer Bragg reflectors of blue (450-nm) and green (550-nm) lights could be obtained. E-beam was used to deposit the bi-layer Al2O3–Nb2O films (called as one period) with two, four, and six periods on glass substrates to fabricate the Bragg reflectors of blue and green lights. The measured results had proven that the reflectance ratio increased and the bandwidth and full-width at half-depth (FWHD) decreased with the increase of number of periods. The measured results had also proven that as the designed central wavelength increased (changed from blue to green light) and same periods were deposited, the reflectance ratio decreased and the bandwidth and FWHD values increased.
Hong Kong’s Tumultuous Year: The Challenges of Democratisation and Localist Nationalism to China’s “One Country, Two System” Principle
Authors: TEO Victor
Published: July 2020

This article surveys the challenge to China’s “one country, two systems” principle that has underpinned Hong Kong existence and prosperity since 1997. Domestic dissatisfaction with structural inequalities, disillusionment with power-sharing and governance issues along with external geopolitical factors exacerbated a strong anti-Chinese Hong Kong nationalism to ignite the 2019 crisis. This article provides an analysis of the issues at stake, and maps out the dilemmas and challenges facing China and Hong Kong for the foreseeable future.
Techno-nationalism in China–US Relations: Implications for Universities
Authors: EVANS Paul
Published: July 2020

The deepening strategic rivalry between China and the United States has military, diplomatic, ideological, trade, financial and commercial dimensions. One is in the area of emerging and transformative technologies in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that has spawned a techno-nationalist competition with global implications including for universities. This article outlines the American government’s efforts in managing research and training interactions with China and their implications for other countries, Canada and Singapore in particular.