bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DAS PAREDES DE VEDAÇÃO NA ESTABILIDADE GLOBAL DE EDIFÍCIOS DE CONCRETO ARMADO
Authors: Guerra Mauricio , Bordin Mateus Flores , Pilz Silvio Edmundo , Costella Marcelo Fabiano
Published: May 2019

Nos últimos anos, a concepção de estruturas mais limpas, mais esbeltas e com o menor consumo de materiais tornou-se fundamental nas construções. Diante dessa necessidade, surge a análise da estabilidade global dos edifícios. As pesquisas já existentes demonstram que as paredes geram uma diminuição nos deslocamentos da estrutura e, consequentemente, melhoram a estabilidade global das mesmas. Assim, o presente trabalho visa a análise do comportamento de estruturas em concreto armado em um edifício de 12 pavimentos constituído por pórticos preenchidos com painéis de alvenaria por meio de modelagens numéricas e análises teóricas. Os resultados obtidos pelas análises de deformação e deslocamentos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento de rigidez estrutural e estabilidade global do edifício, quando comparado à análise e dimensionamento dos elementos que desconsideram a participação dos painéis.
PRODUÇÃO MINERAL NO BRASIL: ENSAIO TEÓRICO SOBRE A EPIDEMIOLOGIA DA SILICOSE
Authors: Souza Tamires Patrícia , Monteiro Inês
Published: May 2019

A silicose corresponde a um dos principais danos à saúde provenientes da exposição à sílica cristalina, em especial nos locais de trabalho nos quais o contato com este mineral é intenso. No Brasil, a silicose é considerada a doença pulmonar proveniente do trabalho, com maior prevalência. Objetivo: Este ensaio tem por objetivo discutir dados epidmiológicos deste setor, avaliando a exposição ocupacional à sílica e as maneiras de contribuir na prevenção de novos casos, bem como na progressão de seus agravos. Material e Método: Ensaio teórico com ênfase nos dados epidemiológicos dos trabalhadores de mineração, em especial aqueles expostos à sílica cristalina. Além disso, neste ensaio são discutidos aspectos relacionados aos órgãos reguladores da extração mineral e da área da saúde do trabalhador, refletindo sobre estratégias para prevenção do adoecimento ou evolução dos agravos relacionados à silicose. Resultados e Discussão: A exposição à sílica pode ser verificada em diversos ramos de atividade. A importância econômica da produção mineral no Brasil é indiscutível, e seu crescimento gera impactos positivos na geração de emprego e renda. Contudo, esta atividade, nos diferentes ramos, não pode ser responsável pelo adoecimento dos trabalhadores e comunidade envolvida. Conclusão: Apesar de o setor mineral representar parcela importante da economia brasileira, as iniciativas tanto do setor público quanto do privado para manter a saúde e prevenir o adoecimento decorrente desta atividade parecem ainda não ser efetivas.
ADSORÇÃO DE RODAMINA B EM CARVÃO ATIVADO COMERCIAL
Authors: Machado André Azevedo , Da Rosa Ana Lúcia Denardin , Carissimi Elvis
Published: May 2019

O corante rodamina B tem sido amplamente utilizado no tingimento de pedras semipreciosas (ágata), que são exportadas para vários países do mundo todo e, nesse processo de tingimento, são gerados efluentes coloridos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi utilizar carvão ativo comercial para remoção do corante rodamina B. Estudos de adsorção foram realizados, para avaliar os efeitos da massa de carvão, do pH da solução de corante e a cinética  de adsorção. Os resultados mostraram que para a concentração inicial de corante de 100 mg.L-1 a massa de carvão que apresentou a maior capacidade de adsorção (73,72 ± 1,35 mg.g-1) foi de 0,1g, quando a solução de corante apresentou pH 8 verificou-se a maior capacidade de adsorção (79,38 ± 0,33  mg.g-1). Também observou-se que após 75 minutos foi atingido o equilíbrio sendo o modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem, que melhor representou os dados experimentais, em que R² e R²ajst ficaram acima de 0,97 e EMR ficaram abaixo 3,9%. Assim o carvão ativado testado apresentou um bom adsorvente para remoção do corante rodamina empresas de tingimento de ágata
Individualismo, autorreconhecimento e convívio
Authors: Cassol Claudionei Vicente
Published: May 2019

Resenha
Automated Core Logging Technology for Geotechnical Assessment: A Study on Core from the Cadia East Porphyry Deposit
Authors: Harraden Cassady L. , Cracknell Matthew J. , Lett James , Berry Ron F. , Carey Ronell , Harris Anthony C.
Published: May 2019

The Cadia East porphyry deposit, located approximately 20 km south of Orange, New South Wales, Australia, contains a significant resource of copper and gold. This resource is hosted within the Forest Reefs Volcanics and is spatially and temporally associated with the Cadia Intrusive Complex. To extract ore, the underground mine currently uses the block cave mining method. The Cadia East geotechnical model provides data inputs into a range of numerical and empirical analysis methods that make up the foundation for mine design. These data provide input into the construction of stress models, caveability models, ground support design, and fragmentation analysis. This geotechnical model encompasses two commonly used rock classification systems that quantify ground conditions: (1) rock mass rating (RMR) and (2) rock tunneling quality index (Q index). The RMR and Q index are calculated from estimates of rock quality designation (RQD), number of fracture sets, fracture roughness, fracture alteration, and fracture spacing. Geologists and geotechnical engineers collect information used to produce these estimates by manually logging sections of drill core, a time-consuming task that can result in inconsistent data.

Modern automated core scanning technologies offer opportunities to rapidly collect data from larger samples of drill core. These automated core logging systems generate large volumes of spatially and spectrally consistent data, including a model of the drill core surface from a laser profiling system. Core surface models are used to extract detailed measurements of fracture location, orientation, and roughness from oriented drill core. These data are combined with other morphological and mineralogical outputs from automated hyperspectral core logging systems to estimate RMR and the Q index systematically over contiguous drill core intervals. The goal of this study was to develop a proof-of-concept methodology that extracts geotechnical index parameters from hyperspectral and laser topographic data collected from oriented drill core.

Hyperspectral data from the Cadia East mine were used in this case study to assess the methods. The results show that both morphological and mineralogical parameters that contribute to the RMR and Q index can be extracted from the automated core logging data. This approach provides an opportunity to capture consistent geologic, mineralogical, and geotechnical data at a scale that is too time-consuming to achieve via manual data collection.
Comparative Study of Functional Food Regulations in Japan and Globally
Authors: Farid Mohamed , Kodama Kota , Arato Teruyo , Okazaki Takashi , Oda Tetsuaki , Ikeda Hideko , Sengoku Shintaro
Published: May 2019

Since its inception in Japan, functional food has continued to deliver a true added value to a wide spectrum of customers, especially in aging subpopulations. Japanese companies have strong "R&D" capabilities and strong know-how in the field of functional foods. They have the opportunity to grow overseas by promoting and marketing their products. The main challenge is to understand the foreign markets and their regulations to be able to promote Japanese products overseas. To achieve this goal, the study reports a scientific review of the relevant literature and official legislative reports published by the authorized entities in several countries to create a comparison between the rules and regulations in different countries such as China, the European Union, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. The study results provide suggestions for entry strategies to recommended foreign markets based on regulatory situations. The study also provides a comparison for the different functional food regulations in Japan (FOSHU, FNFC, FFC), along with an introduction for the new local government certification system.
Horizontal and Vertical Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane from a Tropical Peat Soil Cultivated with Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Jeffary Alicia Vanessa , Haruna Ahmed Osumanu , Heng Roland Kueh Jui , Choo Liza Nuriati Lim Kim , Omar Latifah
Published: May 2019

Peat soils have been developed for large scale plantations such as oil palm due to their positive contribution to Malaysia’s economic growth in agriculture sector. However, these developments contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) mainly carbon (CO2) and methane (CH4). To date, there were limited information of GHGs emissions from pineapple cultivation and also inadequate data on horizontally and vertically soil GHGs emissions in peat soil profile. Thus, this study was carried out to determine carbon CO2 and CH4 emissions horizontally and vertically from a drained tropical peat soils from a drained tropical peat soils cultivated with pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Horizontal and vertical movements of CO2 and CH4 were measured from a drained tropical peatland with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Tropical peat soils cultivated with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. contributed to 79.7 % of CO2, and 0.2 % of CH4 based on the yearly basis regardless of the differences in diurnal transportation; horizontal and vertical emission. Soil CO2 and CH4 were emitted the most through horizontal transportation with 70.84 % CO2, and 0.19 % CH4 compared to 8.85 % CO2, and 0.02 % CH4 in vertical transportation. The emission of CO2 was influenced by depth of water table and temperature. It is generally believed that lowering of peats water table leads to emission of higher CO2 emission because this process leads to exposure of peat soils to oxidation. Seasonal variation in CH4 flux was higher in the wet seasons due to rainfall; this might have increased the water table of the peat soil. The results suggest that CO2 and CH4 emissions occur both horizontally and vertically regardless of season. Therefore in order not to underestimate CO2 and CH4 emissions from peat soil, it is important to measure the emissions of this greenhouse gas which has been implicated in environmental pollution horizontally and vertically.
Pluralism of pedagogy in Poland
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: May 2019

The author tackles the problem of the new quality of pedagogy in postmodern Poland. It is expressed in the absence of “one” theory, one meta-language which is used to describe and explain basic concepts and processes. Moreover, it creates theoretical foundations for the development of detailed pedagogical sciences. Each attempt to set up a universal project or meta-narration becomes an unreasonable interpretation of phenomena or theories and the will to gain power. None of individual interpretations can be superior to any others. There are not any “better” or “worse” theories. I reveal new approaches to pedagogy as: – science of pedagogical sciences (metapedagogy); – comparative pedagogical thoughts; – meta-science, or the science of all sciences about upbringing and education.
Cyberparki jako hybrydowe przestrzenie uczenia się: rozważania na marginesie projektu COST
Authors: Kruszwicka Agnieszka , Klichowski Michał
Published: May 2019

CyberParks will be hybrid spaces of future cities. Learning in CyberParks will take the form of technology-enhanced outdoor learning and will become an important concept that can be used in practice in order to provide an answer to numerous problems of educational institutions, related to students’ lack of contact with nature and consolidation of their sedentary lifestyle. In this paper we discuss evidences from the CyberParks COST project and we present recommendations regarding the constructions of CyberParks. We point out, for example, that when designing CyberParks one has to think not only about the technological infrastructure, but also about making sitting spots for using learning technology. We also present the original project of such an object.
Adhesion of PVD and CVD hard
coatings as an essential parameter that
determines the durability of coated tools
Authors: Pancielejko M.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The work is connected with the current trend related to the modification of
tool surfaces with PVD and CVD methods through the deposition of coatings to increase
their durability. The research results of coated tools tests that are carried out in industrial
conditions are presented in details.
Design/methodology/approach: Structure, chemical and phase composition
investigations related to the mechanical and tribological properties of coatings produced on
tool substrates and analysis of the results are included. Investigations of the properties of
deposited coatings on the following tool materials were made: high speed steels, hot work
tool steel, sintered carbides and SiAlON tool ceramics.
Findings: Interpretation of production tests results of coated tools and an analysis of the
wear mechanisms of tool blades in relation to the properties of coatings and their adhesion,
in particular characterized in the scratch test, were described.
Research limitations/implications: Adhesion scratch test cannot be the only and final
method of such evaluation. For example a direct comparison of the results of the scratch
tests of coatings is possible when adhesion is being examined of different coatings yet on
the same type of the substrate.
Practical implications: Based on the adhesion test results using the scratch test, the
suitability of the coatings produced on the cutting tools can be quickly assessed.
Originality/value: It was sought those parameters which characterize the properties of
coatings, ones which would permit to effectively/practically assess the performance of tools
with coatings produced, with an exclusion or limitation of long-term and expensive durability
tests of tools that are carried out in industrial conditions.
The experimental study of glass multilayer
columns using digital image correlation
Authors: Demchyna B. , Surmai M. , Tkach R.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to study the deformability of glass multilayer
columns at the central compression using digital image correlation. It becomes possible
to use the method of digital image correlation for the experimental study of load bearing
building structures of glass.
Design/methodology/approach: The approach which has been used to solve the above
problems is to conduct an experimental study of glass columns on central compression, in
which deformations were measured using digital image correlation.
Findings: The possibility of using load bearing building structures of glass triplex has been
discovered. A program of experimental studies was developed. It included the testing of
prototype samples on central compression with rigid fastening. On the basis of the obtained
results, a graph of dependence of relative deformations on normal tension, graphs of the
dependence of the bending of columns on load in different planes, and a modulus of
elasticity of triplex glass have been determined.
Research limitations/implications: The lack of a calculation methodology and
regulatory documents for designing load bearing building structures of triplex glass
increases their cost, since each project is individual and requires the experimental research.
Practical implications: Using the approaches developed in the paper, the method of
digital image correlation, which is to measure deformations when testing glass structures on
central compression can be applied.
Originality/value: The experimental study is probably the first one in which deformations
of glass columns are determined using the method of digital image correlation, so it is new
and original. The lack of a calculation methodology and regulatory documents for designing
load bearing building structures of triplex glass, increases their cost, since each project is
individual and requires the experimental research.
Do wastewater treatment plants increase antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the environment? Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Rodríguez-Molina Daloha , Mang Petra , Schmitt Heike , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Radon Katja , Wengenroth Laura
Published: May 2019

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Water from human activities is collected at wastewater treatment plants where processes often do not sufficiently neutralize antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes, which are further shed into the local environment. This protocol outlines the steps to conduct a systematic review based on the Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome (PECO) framework, aiming at answering the question Are antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae and antimicrobial resistance genes present (O) in air and water samples (P) taken either near or downstream or downwind or down-gradient from wastewater treatment plants (E), as compared to air and water samples taken either further away or upstream or upwind or up-gradient from such wastewater treatment plant (C)? Presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes will be quantitatively measured by extracting their prevalence or concentration, depending on the reviewed study.

Methods. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane database and Web of Science for original articles published from 01-Jan-2000 to 03-Sep-2018 with language restriction. Articles will undergo a relevance and a design screening process. Data from eligible articles will be extracted by two independent reviewers. Further, we will perform a risk of bias assessment using a decision matrix. We will synthesize and present results in narrative and tabular form and will perform a meta-analysis if heterogeneity of results allows it.

Discussion. Antibiotic resistance in environmental samples around wastewater treatment plants may pose a risk of exposure to workers and nearby residents. Results from the systematic review outlined in this protocol will allow to estimate the extend of exposure, to inform policy making and help to design future studies.
Albumin promotes proliferation of G1 arrested serum starved hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Ibrahim Badr , Stange Jan , Dominik Adrian , Sauer Martin , Doß Sandra , Eggert Martin
Published: May 2019

Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and functions as a transport molecule that continuously interacts with various cell types. Because of these properties, albumin has been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery to target cells. Understanding the immediate effects of albumin on cells is however limited. The cell interacting properties and pharmaceutical applications of albumin incentivises continual research into the immediate effects of albumin on cells. The HepG2/C3A hepatocellular carcinoma cell line is used as a model for studying cancer pathology as well as liver biosynthesis and cellular responses to drugs. Here we investigated the direct effect of purified albumin on HepG2/C3A cell proliferation in the absence of serum, growth factors and other serum originating albumin bound molecules. We demonstrated that serum starvation causes HepG2/C3A cell numbers to stagnate, whereas inclusion of albumin allows an increase in cell numbers. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the percentage of cells in G1 phase during serum starvation was reduced by the inclusion of albumin whereas percentage of cells in S phase was increased. We have also observed that the levels of dead cells determined by DNA fragmentation and membrane permeabilization caused by serum starvation were not significantly altered by the inclusion of albumin. Therefore, the increase in cell number was mainly caused by albumin promoting proliferation rather than protection against cell death. These primary findings demonstrate that albumin has immediate effects on HepG2/C3A hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These effects should be taken into consideration when studying the effects of albumin bound drugs or pathological ligands bound to albumin on HepG2/C3A cells.
Influenza A virus surface proteins are organized to help penetrate host mucus
Authors: Vahey Michael D , Fletcher Daniel A
Published: May 2019

Influenza A virus (IAV) enters cells by binding to sialic acid on the cell surface. To accomplish this while avoiding immobilization by sialic acid in host mucus, viruses rely on a balance between the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin (HA) and the receptor-cleaving protein neuraminidase (NA). Although genetic aspects of this balance are well-characterized, little is known about how the spatial organization of these proteins in the viral envelope may contribute. Using site-specific fluorescent labeling and super-resolution microscopy, we show that HA and NA are asymmetrically distributed on the surface of filamentous viruses, creating a spatial organization of binding and cleaving activities that causes viruses to step consistently away from their NA-rich pole. This Brownian ratchet-like diffusion produces persistent directional mobility that resolves the virus’s conflicting needs to both penetrate mucus and stably attach to the underlying cells, potentially contributing to the prevalence of the filamentous phenotype in clinical isolates of IAV.
Plant–necrotroph co-transcriptome networks illuminate a metabolic battlefield
Authors: Zhang Wei , Corwin Jason A , Copeland Daniel Harrison , Feusier Julie , Eshbaugh Robert , Cook David E , Atwell Suzi , Kliebenstein Daniel J
Published: May 2019

A central goal of studying host-pathogen interaction is to understand how host and pathogen manipulate each other to promote their own fitness in a pathosystem. Co-transcriptomic approaches can simultaneously analyze dual transcriptomes during infection and provide a systematic map of the cross-kingdom communication between two species. Here we used the Arabidopsis-B. cinerea pathosystem to test how plant host and fungal pathogen interact at the transcriptomic level. We assessed the impact of genetic diversity in pathogen and host by utilization of a collection of 96 isolates infection on Arabidopsis wild-type and two mutants with jasmonate or salicylic acid compromised immunities. We identified ten B. cinereagene co-expression networks (GCNs) that encode known or novel virulence mechanisms. Construction of a dual interaction network by combining four host- and ten pathogen-GCNs revealed potential connections between the fungal and plant GCNs. These co-transcriptome data shed lights on the potential mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interaction.
Otwartość i funkcja dydaktyczna słownika języka specjalistycznego
Authors: Konieczna-Serafin Joanna
Published: May 2019

Artykuł dotyczy otwartości opisu leksykograficznego w dwóch niemiecko-polskich i polsko-niemieckich słownikach języka specjalistycznego z zakresu gospodarki. W ramach zagadnienia otwartości badaniu poddano funkcję dydaktyczną słownika. W analizie obrana została perspektywa użytkownika filologa, a za kontekst użycia słownika dwujęzycznego przyjęto komunikację w języku niemieckim jako języku obcym. Badanie otwartości słownika przeprowadzono na trzech płaszczyznach: makro-, mikro- i mediostruktury, nawiązując przy tym do kontrastywnych badań w zakresie słowników języka ogólnego i specjalistycznego prowadzonych w Polsce (np. Frączek/ Lipczuk 2004) oraz do badań międzynarodowych, szczególnie germanistycznych (np. Bergenholtz/ Tarp/ Wiegand 1999, Wiegand 1998a, Wiegand 2005, Wiegand 2013). Na wybranych przykładach ukazano, w jakim zakresie typ makrostruktury, dyrekcjonalność i poliakcesywność danych leksykograficznych sprzyjają realizacji funkcji dydaktycznej słownika. Analiza przeprowadzona na płaszczyźnie makrostrukturalnej ukazała, że typem makrostruktury ukierunkowanej na dydaktykę języka obcego jest układ haseł gniazdowo-alfabetyczny. Analiza mikrostrukturalna naświetliła słabe strony opisu leksykograficznego, np. niewystarczające ukazanie relacji paradygmatycznych w obrębie artykułu hasłowego. W badanych słownikach stwierdzono dominację cechy monodyrekcjonalności nad bidyrekcjonalnością.
Użycie form adresatywnych w tekstach literackich jako odzwierciedlenie otwartości na doświadczenia Carla Rogersa
Authors: Teterya Dmytro
Published: May 2019

W artykule podjęta została próba zastosowania koncepcji dystansów interpersonalnych, wyrażanych w tekstach literackich poprzez formy adresatywne, do pomiaru stopnia otwartości na doświadczenia (zgodnie z teorią Carla R. Rogersa) u wybranych bohaterów tekstów literackich. Zdaniem C. Rogersa, otwartość na doświadczenie jest kluczem do sukcesu, gdyż organizm człowieka – pod wpływem przyswajanych nowych doświadczeń – jest w stanie szybko i elastycznie się zmieniać. W efekcie osoby o wysokim stopniu otwartości na doświadczenia wybierają sytuacje i zdarzenia pozytywnie wpływające na ich ogólny rozwój. Punkt wyjścia dla proponowanych rozważań stanowi teoria dystansów personalnych, dystansu psychofizycznego oraz koncepcja Carla Rogersa. Celem podrzędnym artykułu jest ocena skuteczności konstruktu badawczego i odpowiedź na pytanie, czy prezentowana w niniejszym artukule koncepcja dystansów interpersonalnych może być realnie wykorzystywana w stosunku do jednostek ludzkich, jak również odpowiedź na pytanie, czy istnieje zależność pomiędzy dążeniem do zmniejszenia dystansu interpersonalnego między nadawcą i odbiorcą komunikatu a stopniem otwartości na doświadczenia C. Rogersa.
RobOMP: Robust variants of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for sparse representations
Authors: Loza Carlos A.
Published: May 2019

Sparse coding aims to find a parsimonious representation of an example given an observation matrix or dictionary. In this regard, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) provides an intuitive, simple and fast approximation of the optimal solution. However, its main building block is anchored on the minimization of the Mean Squared Error cost function (MSE). This approach is only optimal if the errors are distributed according to a Gaussian distribution without samples that strongly deviate from the main mode, i.e. outliers. If such assumption is violated, the sparse code will likely be biased and performance will degrade accordingly. In this paper, we introduce five robust variants of OMP (RobOMP) fully based on the theory of M-Estimators under a linear model. The proposed framework exploits efficient Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) techniques to mitigate the effect of outliers and emphasize the samples corresponding to the main mode of the data. This is done adaptively via a learned weight vector that models the distribution of the data in a robust manner. Experiments on synthetic data under several noise distributions and image recognition under different combinations of occlusion and missing pixels thoroughly detail the superiority of RobOMP over MSE-based approaches and similar robust alternatives. We also introduce a denoising framework based on robust, sparse and redundant representations that open the door to potential further applications of the proposed techniques. The five different variants of RobOMP do not require parameter tuning from the user and, hence, constitute principled alternatives to OMP.
The highly toxic and cryptogenic clinging jellyfish Gonionemus sp. (Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae) on the Swedish west coast
Authors: Govindarajan Annette F. , Källström Björn , Selander Erik , Östman Carina , Dahlgren Thomas G.
Published: May 2019

The clinging jellyfish Gonionemus sp. is a small hydromedusa species known historically from the Swedish west coast but not reported in recent times. This species is thought to be native to the northwest Pacific where it is notorious for causing severe stings in humans and is considered invasive or cryptogenic elsewhere. This year, unlike in the past, severe stings in swimmers making contact with Gonionemus sp. medusae occurred in Swedish waters from a sheltered eelgrass bed in the inner Skagerrak archipelago. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second sting record of Gonionemus sp. from the Northeast Atlantic—with the first record occurring off the Belgian coast in the 1970s. Stinging Gonionemus sp. medusae have also been recently reported from the northwestern Atlantic coast, where, like on the Swedish coast, stings were not reported in the past. We analyzed sea surface temperature data from the past 30 years and show that 2018 had an exceptionally cold spring followed by an exceptionally hot summer. It is suggested that the 2018 temperature anomalies contributed to the Swedish outbreak. An analysis of mitochondrial COI sequences showed that Swedish medusae belong to the same clade as those from toxic populations in the Sea of Japan and northwest Atlantic. Gonionemus sp. is particularly prone to human-mediated dispersal and we suggest that it is possible that this year’s outbreak is the result of anthropogenic factors either through a climate-driven northward range shift or an introduction via shipping activity. We examined medusa growth rates and details of medusa morphology including nematocysts. Two types of penetrating nematocysts: euryteles and b-mastigophores were observed, suggesting that Gonionemus sp. medusae are able to feed on hard-bodied organisms like copepods and cladocerans. Given the now-regular occurrence and regional spread of Gonionemus sp. in the northwest Atlantic, it seems likely that outbreaks in Sweden will continue. More information on its life cycle, dispersal mechanisms, and ecology are thus desirable.
Brisk Method for Fractionating and Separating Bio-Crude Oil
Authors: Azeez Mayowa A.
Published: May 2019

A new approach for the analysis of bio-crude oils (BCOs) has been qualitatively explored. The analytical scheme is based on the fractionation of BCO through precipitation in water, freeze-drying, solid phase extraction (SPE) and combinations of analytical techniques for the analysis of fractions. Monomeric components in BCO were characterised using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer and flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID). The molecular mass distribution of oligomers was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The fractionation procedure appeared to have succeeded to a large extent as evident in the detection of various components along their expected fraction in the GC-MS/FID analysis. However, a quantitative analysis of the multiple components in different fractions appeared difficult owing to the loss of many volatile fractions through the fractionation procedure. And less than 7 wt. % of the sugar-related components in the acetylated polar SPE fraction were identified.
Perception and Farmer Know-How on Conservation Techniques for Cereals and Pulses in the Far North of Cameroon
Authors: Carine Mala , Sévilor Kekeunou , Venasius Lendzemo , Elias Nukenine
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The storage and preservation of agricultural products remain the only conditions ensuring the almost permanent availability of foodstuffs. However, infestations due to insects and microorganisms are very often noted.

Objective: This present work aimed at understanding farmers' constraints, perceptions, and know-how on the post-harvest conservation of cereals and pulses.

Place and Duration of Study: A survey was conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 among 320 producers in the Far North region (Cameroon).

Methodology: The questionnaire consisted of closed and open questions which mainly related to the principal stored grains, the main constraints, and the usual means of control of stocks. The interview was conducted in a local language (Fulfulde), Arabic and/or French during 25 minutes for each participant. Insect stock photos were also presented to the participants for confirmation of the information given.

Results: The results show that producers in our study area are aware of the post-harvest damage and adopt stock control techniques according to the nature of the products, the fate of the grain and the storage structure. The main food crops grown are sorghum (44.4%), cowpea (24.1%) and maize (15.60%). Six main types of storage structure; three methods of storing foodstuffs, five modes of packaging and, six usual methods of control were identified but store maintenance and warehouse monitoring (56.25%) was the most used. According to respondents, insects are the main causes of post-harvest losses. 11 species belonging to four orders were recorded.

Conclusion: The producers in our study area are aware of the post-harvest damage and adopt stock control techniques according to the nature of the products, the fate of the grain and the storage structure. But this control would be more efficient if all producers had access to training on storage techniques, isothermal bags or the use of resistant varietal genotypes.
Effects of Fertilization on Biomass and Macronutrient Content of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake in Arenized Soil of Pampa Biome
Authors: Souza Huan Pablo de , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Ludvichak Aline Aparecida , Momolli Dione Richer , Guimarães Claudiney Do Couto , Malheiros Angélica Costa
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass and the macronutrient stock in an experiment of fertilization with Eucalyptus urophylla, planted in arenized soil at 12 months-old, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment had a completely randomized design with five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) with three replications. The treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, received increasing doses of triple superphosphate. On the other hand, the T1 treatment was the only one to receive natural phosphate in planting. For the determination of the biomass, fifteen trees were felled and separated in the following components: leaves, branches, stem bark, stem wood and roots. Samples of the components were collected and transported to the laboratory for biomass determination and chemical analysis. The total biomass varied between the treatments, with highest biomass accumulation of 6.83 Mg ha-1 occurring in T5. The T1 presented the highest biomass for roots representing 33.4% of the total biomass. The biomass distribution among the different components in the decreasing order was: roots > stem wood > leaves > branches > stem bark, for all the treatments. The treatment with higher doses of fertilizers (T5) presented the highest amount of nutrient accumulation in the total biomass (131.26 kg ha-1). The concentration and accumulation of nutrients presented the following trend K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. Analyzing the different components of biomass, the highest amounts of nutrients followed the order: leaves > roots > stem wood > branches > stem bark. Fertilization influenced the biomass production of E. urophylla in arenized soil in the Pampa biome, but without significant differences to date (12 months). The leaves had the highest concentration of macronutrients, with the exception of Ca, which was higher in the bark. The K was the element that presented highest accumulation in whole tree. The plantation of eucalyptus with fertilization management may be an alternative for the economic use of arenized soil.
Mycorrhizal Colonization in Atriplex nummularia Lind. Subjected to Desalinizador Reject
Authors: Melo C. F. De , Gomes E. W. F. , Messias A. S.
Published: May 2019

This work has the objective of evaluating the mycorrhizal colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus - AMF Claroideoglomus etunicatum in Atriplex nummularia Lind. subjected to desalinator reject. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the headquarters of Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with the treatments constituted in a factorial scheme of five levels of salinity in AC= 2.86 mS/cm; T1= 11.54 mS/cm; T2= 12.04 mS/cm; T3= 13.13 mS/cm and T4= 14.16 mS/cm, associated with the presence and absence of fungus, presence and absence of nutrient solution, and autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil. 8.0 g of Hoagland & Arnon complete nutrient solution was added every fortnight. After five months, the roots of the treatments were collected and the root colonization was evaluated. It was found that in all treatments the association between Claroiodeoglomus etunicatum and Atriplex nummularia was beneficial. The correlation was positive for the treatment T4 (Reject + 14 gNaCl) + AMF. Thus, it was observed that salinity had no negative effect on the association as well as on the growth of the vegetable.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Associated With a High Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients Leading to Poor Outcomes and a Higher Cost: Results From Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database 2003‐2011
Authors: Kishore Shweta , Jatwani Shraddha , Malhotra Bharat , Lirette Seth T. , Mittal Varun , Majithia Vikas
Published: May 2019

Objective

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients, particularly those with autoimmune disorders. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was analyzed to determine trends in the rate of hospitalization, mortality from VTE, epidemiology, and outcomes in hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to assess its impact.

Methods

The 2003‐2011 NIS database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project was queried to identify all adults (age 18 years and older) hospitalized with SLE and VTE. Demographic characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes of this population were compared with those of patients with SLE without a VTE diagnosis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the adjusted odds ratio (OR).

Results

The total number of hospitalized patients with SLE was 299 595, of whom 9175 (3.06%) had VTE. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with those without VTE, patients with SLE and VTE had significantly higher inpatient mortality (5% vs. 2.0%; OR 2.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10‐2.62]; P < 0.001), greater disability at discharge (34% vs. 26%; OR 1.53 [95% CI 1.46‐1.62]; P < 0.001), a longer length of stay (LOS) by 3.57 days, and higher cost of hospitalization by $25 400. In this database, patients with SLE and VTE were younger and of male sex. Also, African American race and a higher number of comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of VTE in patients with SLE.

Conclusion

VTE in hospitalized patients with SLE is associated with significantly higher inpatient mortality, greater disability at discharge, an increased LOS, and higher cost of hospitalization. This cross‐sectional study helps with quantifying the risk of VTE in hospitalized patients with SLE and provides information on the immense human and material cost this complication leads to. These data can be very useful in the development and implementation of appropriate prophylactic strategies in the high‐risk population with SLE.
Lateral and Vertical Flow Assays for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
Authors: Jiang Nan , Ahmed Rajib , Damayantharan Mylon , Ünal Barış , Butt Haider , Yetisen Ali K.
Published: May 2019

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been the pillar of rapid point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics due to their simplicity, rapid process, and low cost. Recent advances in sensitivity, selectivity, and chemical stability enhancement have ensured the foothold of LFAs in commercial POC diagnostics. This paper reviews recent developments in labeling strategies and detection methods of LFAs. Moreover, vertical flow assays (VFAs) have emerged as an alternate paper‐based assay due to faster detection time and unique multiplexing capabilities. Smartphones as LFA readers have been transformed into a universal integrated platform for imaging, data processing, and storage, providing quantitative results in low‐resource settings. Commercial LFAs and VFAs products are evaluated with regards to their performance, market trends, and regulatory issues. The future outlook of the flow‐based assays for POC diagnostics is also discussed.
Caloric Effects in Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Barman Abhisikta , Kar‐Narayan Sohini , Mukherjee Devajyoti
Published: May 2019

Perovskite oxides show an amazing diversity of electronic and magnetic properties along with a myriad of structural variants and phase transitions. Large thermal changes may be driven near the ferroic phase transitions in perovskite oxides using magnetic, electric, and stress fields to manipulate conjugate order parameters. The ensuing magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, and mechanocaloric effects can be utilized for environment‐friendly and high‐efficiency solid‐state cooling applications. In this review the details of these caloric effects in perovskite oxides both from a chronological perspective and from the viewpoint of the recent advances in multiple caloric phenomena are described. The authors highlight the role of interfaces in oxide thin films for the different caloric effects and address some of the outstanding challenges for the fundamental understanding and practical implementation of perovskite oxides in solid state refrigeration.
Indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐Based [2,2]Cyclophanes with 4n/4n and 4n/[4n+2] π Electrons: Syntheses, Structural Analyses, and Excitonic Coupling Properties
Authors: Wang Chi‐Shin , Wei Yu‐Chen , Chang Kai‐Hsin , Chou Pi‐Tai , Wu Yao‐Ting
Published: May 2019

Indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐based [2,2]cyclophanes with 4n/4n and 4n/[4n+2] π‐electron systems were prepared, and their structures were identified by X‐ray crystallography. With short π–π distances around 3.0 Å, [2.2](5,11)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorenophane and its precursor [2.2](5,11)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐dionophane exhibit remarkable transannular interactions, leading to their unusual electrochemical and photophysical properties. With the aid of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, the transition from the monomeric excited state to the redshifted H‐type dimeric state was first observed, correlating to the calculated excitonic energy splitting and the steady‐state absorption spectra induced by charge‐transfer‐mediated superexchange interaction.
Unexpected Macrocyclic Multinuclear Zinc and Nickel Complexes that Function as Multitasking Catalysts for CO2 Fixations
Authors: Takaishi Kazuto , Nath Bikash Dev , Yamada Yuya , Kosugi Hiroyasu , Ema Tadashi
Published: May 2019

Unique self‐assembled macrocyclic multinuclear ZnII and NiII complexes with binaphthyl‐bipyridyl ligands (L) were synthesized. X‐ray analysis revealed that these complexes consisted of an outer ring (Zn3L3 or Ni3L3) and an inner core (Zn2 or Ni). In the ZnII complex, the inner Zn2 part rotated rapidly inside the outer ring in solution on an NMR timescale. These complexes exhibited dual catalytic activities for CO2 fixations: synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 and temperature‐switched N‐formylation/N‐methylation of amines with CO2 and hydrosilane.
Bioinspired Oxidative Cyclization of the Geissoschizine Skeleton for Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Mavacuran Alkaloids
Authors: Jarret Maxime , Turpin Victor , Tap Aurélien , Gallard Jean‐François , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Poupon Erwan , Vincent Guillaume , Evanno Laurent
Published: May 2019

Reported is the enantioselective total syntheses of mavacuran alkaloids, (+)‐taberdivarine H, (+)‐16‐hydroxymethyl‐pleiocarpamine, and (+)‐16‐epi‐pleiocarpamine, and their postulated biosynthetic precursor 16‐formyl‐pleiocarpamine. This family of monoterpene indole alkaloids is a target of choice since some of its members are subunits of intricate bisindole alkaloids such as bipleiophylline. Inspired by the biosynthetic hypothesis, an oxidative coupling approach from the geissoschizine framework to form the N1−C16 bond was explored. Quaternization of the aliphatic nitrogen center was key to achieving the oxidative coupling induced by KHMDS/I2 as it masks the nucleophilicity of the aliphatic nitrogen center and locks in the required cis conformation.
Nature‐derived fibrous nanomaterial toward biomedicine and environmental remediation: Today's state and future prospects
Authors: Ngwabebhoh Fahanwi Asabuwa , Yildiz Ufuk
Published: May 2019

Nanocellulose (NC) among all renewable biopolymers has proven to be one of the most applicable existing nanomaterials, attributed to its fascinating diverse range of physicochemical properties. Herein, this review presents elaborately updates on current research activities focused on developed materials with NC as bycomponent for application particularly in the field of biomedicine and wastewater remediation. A brief introduction on structural properties, production as well as surface features of NC is elucidated. Next, are highlights on usage of nanocellulosic polymeric materials in biomedicine including drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, wound dressing, medical implants and in addition, applications of NC as adsorbent in the field of environmental remediation are also outlined. This section will mainly focus on the consolidation of NC with other additives to develop flexible substrates via incorporation of new functional moieties. Finally, future perspectives as well as main challenges and impediments on working with nanocellulosic‐based materials are explored in an effort to ameliorate the development and effective usage of this nanomaterial in biomedicine and water remediation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47878.
Synthesis and antiageing properties of antioxidant pseudopeptides designed based on the bioisostere principle
Authors: Li Yanbing , Zhang Chao , Wang Huailing , Zhou Fan , Liu Jie , Tang Yinying , Jiang Zhenlei , Liu Zhijun , Chen Heru
Published: May 2019

Nineteen antioxidant pseudopeptides were designed and synthesized. They were confirmed as mild antioxidants, in which L1‐11 was the most active antioxidant with a cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) value of 5.65 ± 0.64 μmol QE/g, and L1‐12 was the second most active one (5.58 ± 0.66 μmol QE/g). The existence of nonnatural amino acids in L1‐12 increased its stability. Pretreatment with L1‐12 dose‐dependently extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. L1‐12 improved resistance against UVB irradiation, oxidative stress induced by paraquat, and thermal shock. It decreased the reactive oxygen species level and upregulated the superoxide dismutase activity inside C. elegans. This pseudopeptide sensitively enhanced the expressions of the Cat‐1 and Nhr‐8 genes to reduce oxidative damage, leading to an extension of the lifespan. All the evidence support that L1‐12 may probably be a potential antiageing agent.
Rational Design and Identification of Small‐Molecule Allosteric Inhibitors of CD38
Authors: Yang Lixin , Li Ting , Li Songlu , Wu Yang , Shi Xiaomeng , Jin Hongwei , Liu Zhenming , Zhao Yongjuan , Zhang Liangren , Lee Hon Cheung , Zhang Lihe
Published: May 2019

CD38 is a multi‐functional signaling enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of two calcium‐mobilizing second messengers: cyclic ADP‐ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate. It also regulates intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contents, associated with multiple pathophysiological processes such as aging and cancer. As such, enzymatic inhibitors of CD38 offer great potential in drug development. Here, through virtual screening and enzymatic assays, we discovered compound LX‐102, which targets CD38 on the side opposite its enzymatic pocket with a binding affinity of 7.7 μm. It inhibits the NADase activity of CD38 with an IC50 of 14.9 μm. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry experiments verified that LX‐102 competitively binds to the epitope of the therapeutic SAR 650984 antibody in an allosteric manner. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to demonstrate the binding dynamics of CD38 with the allosteric ligand. In summary, we established that the cavity to which SAR 650984 binds was an allosteric site and was accessible for the rational design of small chemical modulators of CD38. The lead compound LX‐102 that we identified in this study could also be a useful tool for probing CD38 functions and promoting drug discovery.