bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining prostate cancer care: innovations and future directions in active surveillance
Authors: Koett Magdalena , Melchior Felix , Artamonova Nastasiia , Bektic Jasmin , Heidegger Isabel
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

This review provides a critical analysis of recent advancements in active surveillance (AS), emphasizing updates from major international guidelines and their implications for clinical practice.

Recent findings

Recent revisions to international guidelines have broadened the eligibility criteria for AS to include selected patients with ISUP grade group 2 prostate cancer. This adjustment acknowledges that certain intermediate-risk cancers may be appropriate for AS, reflecting a heightened focus on achieving a balance between oncologic control and maintaining quality of life by minimizing the risk of overtreatment.

This review explores key innovations in AS for prostate cancer, including multi parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), genomic biomarkers, and risk calculators, which enhance patient selection and monitoring. While promising, their routine use remains debated due to guideline inconsistencies, cost, and accessibility. Special focus is given to biomarkers for identifying ISUP grade group 2 cancers suitable for AS. Additionally, the potential of artificial intelligence to improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification is examined. By integrating these advancements, this review provides a critical perspective on optimizing AS for more personalized and effective prostate cancer management.
The stroke seesaw: unveiling the enigma of stuttering acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ekpendu Abuoma C. , Prakash Puneet , Brands Chad K.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Beyond the familiar face of the acute ischemic stroke, lies the unexpected display of symptoms challenging our preconceptions and beckoning us to explore the intriguing nuances that lie beneath the surface.

Presentation of case:

We introduce an unusual case of an older adult who presented to our institution with repetitive focal neurologic deficits (FND). Initial investigation was negative for any brain hemorrhage or infarcts. Repeat investigation during readmission showed findings of brain infarct for which appropriate treatment was provided. The fluctuating pattern of FND is what we refer to as a stuttering presentation of stroke.

Discussion:

Our case brings attention to stuttering, an atypical presentation of ischemic stroke, not previously well described in medical literature. Our case demonstrates that stuttering stroke presentations may imitate more short-lived neurologic events such as transient ischemic attacks.

Conclusion:

All the patient events throughout the entirety of their time course should be thoroughly reviewed so that thrombolytics can then be considered in the earliest window of opportunity for patients with stuttering stroke presentations to prevent disability due to ischemic stroke.
Assessing the Effects of Yoga on Cognition and Immune Function in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Visovatti Moira A. , Jung Mi Sook , Von Ah Diane
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer-related cognitive impairment can interfere with daily functioning and negatively affect quality of life. To date, there are no validated treatments. Yoga may be a promising intervention that combines physical activity and meditation to improve cognition.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial with yoga, physical activity, and waitlist control arms in colorectal cancer survivors, determine effect sizes, and explore differences among groups.

Methods

Interventions included 2 weekly 90-minute sessions over 12 weeks. Participants were assessed before, after, and 3 months after completion of the intervention. Measures included feasibility and acceptability, attention (Attentional Function Index, Attention Network Test, Digit Span, Digit Substitution Test, Trail Making Test), and circulating immune markers (interleukin [IL] 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor receptor II, C-reactive protein, and neopterin). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, Cohen d statistics, and reliable improvement percentages.

Results

Enrollment, retention, and intervention fidelity rates were 39%, 74%, and >75%, respectively. Exploratory analyses showed the yoga group improved performance in alertness at 3 months postintervention at time 3, with 60% of the group demonstrating reliable improvement, and improved cognitive control at time 3, with 30% of the group demonstrating reliable improvement (P < .05).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that this randomized controlled trial study is feasible, and yoga may have a positive benefit on cognition.

Implication for Practice

Yoga is a possible intervention, but to optimize function in colorectal cancer survivors, further validation is needed.
Roles, Training, and Qualifications of Case Managers at Community Integrated Service Centers in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Ya-Wen , Hou Wen-Li , Lee Jiann-Der , Chen Ching-Min
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Study:

This study explored the roles, training, and qualifications of case managers in level A of Taiwan’s long-term care (LTC) system, established within the Ten-Year LTC Plan 2.0, to identify their challenges and provide recommendations for enhancing their performance.

Primary Practice Setting:

This study focuses on community integrated service centers in Taiwan, which serve as key hubs for delivering LTC services to Taiwan’s aging population.

Methodology and Sample:

A narrative review approach was implemented, with an extensive analysis of the literature in terms of the functions and training requirements of and the professional challenges faced by case managers in the LTC sector. This review included articles published between 2016 and 2024 in both English and Chinese.

Results:

Case managers play a key role in linking LTC resources and coordinating care for older clients. However, they often face major challenges, including a high caseload, inadequate training opportunities, and a desire to quit, which adversely affect service quality and outcomes.
Predictors of Adherence to a COVID-19 Serial Testing Program Among University Affiliates in the Deep South
Authors: Ratnayake Aneeka , Hassig Susan , He Hua , Lederer Alyssa , Kissinger Patricia J.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Serial testing programs were used at many US universities during the earlier stages of the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among affiliates, though the effectiveness of such programs was contingent on adherence. In this study, researchers sought to determine factors associated with testing adherence.

Design:

Cross-sectional analyses were done in Spring and Fall of 2021.

Setting:

This study took place at a medium size, private university in the Deep South.

Participants:

Participants included university affiliates, including faculty/staff and students.

Main Outcome Measures:

Adherence to a mandated but unenforced serial testing program was assessed. All variables were ascertained through university records. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with testing during both semesters.

Results:

In the Spring 2021 semester, staff and faculty had 23% greater odds of being tested compared to students. Paradoxically, the odds of adherence to testing decreased by 4% per year of age. In the Fall 2021 semester, the odds of being tested was 82% greater for staff and faculty compared to students and 27% higher for those who had a previous positive test compared to those who did not. Men had a 13% lower odds of testing than women. In both semesters, those who were unvaccinated had a significantly lower odds of testing compared to those who were vaccinated (86% and 92%, respectively), P < .001.

Conclusions:

Testing adherence was associated with vaccination status, suggesting that offering serial testing for those who are not vaccinated may not be an effective strategy in mitigating infection, in the absence of any enforcement. Additional factors such as age, sex, and affiliation status and testing adherence changed over the course of the pandemic suggesting the complexity of testing behaviors.
Development of a Survival Predictive Model After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A Single-center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Yuan , Pan Qi , Wang Bingran , Zhou Aiwei , Zhou Tao , Liu Yongbo , Luo Yi , Xia Qiang
Published: February 2025

Background.

Current prognostic models for liver transplantation (LT) recipients are not applicable for long-term survival prediction, especially for pediatric living donor LT recipients. In this retrospective prognostic study, we aimed to develop and validate a survival predictive model for pediatric LT recipients, the Survival Predictive Model After Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPPLT) model.

Methods.

A total of 2964 pediatric recipients from Renji Hospital were enrolled and randomly assigned to the training and validation cohort by a ratio of 1:1. Logistic analysis was performed to identify risk factors for posttransplant mortality and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression was used to establish the SPPLT model.

Results.

Univariate analysis identified 19 risk factors that were associated with post-LT mortality, including graft-recipient compatibility, pre-LT hepatorenal function, blood loss and transfusion during the operation, post-LT infection and surgical complications. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator multivariable Cox regression, we established the prognostic SPPLT model which included 7 clinical easily approached factors (pre-LT creatinine level, blood loss during operation, days of intensive care unit and hospital stay after transplantation, sputum culture positivity, post-LT abdominal hemorrhage, and intestinal perforation). The accuracy of predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-y post-LT survival rates in the training and validation cohort reached 0.802, 0.828, 0.811, and 0.803, 0.784, 0.778, respectively. Furthermore, the SPPLT model efficiently stratified all pediatric LT recipients into high-risk and low-risk groups, which were associated with totally different long-term outcomes (hazard ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (0.120–0.620), P < 0.01).

Conclusions.

SPPLT is the first prognostic model to accurately predict long-term survival rate after pediatric LT. Recipients with high mortality risk should receive intense monitoring after transplantation.
Subclinical Epileptiform Discharge in Patients With Alzheimer Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yeh Wei-Chih , Yang Yuan-Han , Li Ying-Sheng , Hsu Chung-Yao
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) who do not have a history of epilepsy have a higher frequency of subclinical epileptiform discharge (SED) than healthy individuals. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the frequency of SED in patients with AD using different EEG protocols and to compare SED rates between early- and late-onset AD.

Methods:

This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. We searched various databases until January 2024 for studies reporting the frequency of SED in patients with AD who did not have a history of epilepsy. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.

Results:

Thirteen studies involving 1,373 patients with AD were analyzed. The patients had a mean age of 71.2 years, and 59.3% were women. The pooled SED rate was found to be 18.3%. The SED rate was higher with extended EEG protocols (26.7%) than with routine EEG protocols (12.1%). It was also observed that patients with early-onset AD had higher SED rates with routine EEG protocols (14.4%) and extended EEG protocols (43.9%) than those with late-onset AD (10.5 and 21.3%, respectively). Furthermore, patients with AD had a 3.55 relative risk (P < 0.001) of SED compared with healthy controls. Specifically, patients with early-onset AD showed a significantly higher risk of developing SED than those with late-onset AD (relative risk, 4.48; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Subclinical epileptiform discharge frequency was high in patients with AD, particularly in those with early onset AD.
GENOMIC SURVEILLANCE OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT E. COLI AND KLEBSIELLA IN CLINICAL AND WASTEWATER ISOLATES FROM A PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL IN LIMA, PERU
Authors: Ayzanoa Brenda , Castillo-Vilcahuaman Camila , Salvatierra Guillermo , Dávila-Barclay Alejandra , Huancachoque Janet , Calderón Maritza , Rizo-Patrón Emiliana , Santillán-Salas Carlos , Gilman Robert H. , Tsukayama Pablo
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a major global public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where inadequate wastewater treatment may contribute to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. are among the most clinically significant MDR pathogens, frequently implicated in nosocomial infections and capable of harboring diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the genomic diversity and resistance profiles of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from hospital wastewater and clinical samples in Lima, Peru. A total of 157 isolates (E. coli, n=113; Klebsiella spp., n=44) were collected from hospital wastewater and pediatric patient samples between 2017 and 2019. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify ARGs and assess phylogenetic relationships. MDR E. coli phenotypes were significantly more common in wastewater isolates (73.5%) compared to clinical isolates (56.8%, p=0.014), while extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was more frequent in clinical isolates (52.9% vs. 13.9%, p<0.001). Carbapenemase production was detected exclusively in wastewater isolates, whereas colistin resistance was found only in clinical urine isolates. Genomic analysis revealed a higher diversity of sequence types (STs) in wastewater isolates, with ST-10, ST-131, and ST-405 frequently detected. ARG analysis identified 1,302 resistance gene hits, with clinical E. coli and Klebsiella isolates carrying significantly more resistance genes than wastewater isolates. The presence of shared STs between clinical and wastewater isolates suggests a potential link between hospital settings and wastewater as reservoirs of resistance. These findings underscore the role of hospital wastewater in disseminating MDR bacteria and ARGs, emphasizing the need for genomic surveillance to monitor emerging resistance threats. Implementing wastewater-based monitoring programs could inform infection control strategies and targeted interventions to mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals and surrounding communities, highlighting the urgent need for wastewater-based AMR surveillance, particularly in LMICs with limited treatment infrastructure.
Patient-Specific Pharmacogenomics unveils xCT as a Key Regulator for Druggable Metabolic and Proliferation Pathways in Colon Cancer
Authors: Strecker Marco , Zohar Keren , Böttcher Martin , Wartmann Thomas , Freudenstein Henry , Doelling Maximilian , Andric Mihailo , Shi Wenjie , Kakhlon Or , Hippe Katrin , Jahnke Beatrix , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Baenke Franziska , Stange Daniel , Croner Roland S , Linial Michal , Kahlert Ulf D
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Knowledge covering diverse cellular and molecular data from individual patients has become valuable for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection. Here, we present an in-depth comparative mRNA-seq and microRNA-seq analysis of tissue samples from 32 CRC, pairing tumors with adjacent healthy tissues. The differential expression gene (DEG) analysis revealed an interconnection between nutrients, metabolic programs, and cell cycle pathways. We focused on the impact of overexpressed SLC7A11 (xCT) and SLC3A2 genes which compose the cystine/glutamate transporter (Xc-) system. To assess the oncogenic potency of the Xc-system in a cellular setting, we applied a knowledge-based approach for analyzing gene perturbations from CRISPR screens across various cell types as well as using a variety of functional assays in five primary patient-derived organoid cell models to functionally verify our hypothesis. We identified a previously undescribed cell surface protein signature predicting chemotherapy resistance and further highlighted the causality and potential of pharmacological blockage of ferroptosis as promising avenue for cancer therapy. Biological processes such as redox homeostasis, ion/amino acid transporters and de novo nucleotide synthesis were associated with these co-dependent genes in patient specimens. This study highlighted a number of overlooked genes as potential clinical targets for CRC and promotes stem cell-based, patient-individualin vitromodel systems as a versatile partner platform to functionally validate in silico predictions, with focus on SLC7A11 and its associated genes in tumorigenesis.
DynamoSort: Using machine learning approaches for the automatic classification of seizure dynamotypes
Authors: Wooley Josh , Zachery-Savella Ashley , Le Michelle , Scofield Sally , Jay Kishore , Mosse-Robinson Josh , West Peter J. , Wilcox Karen S. , Anderson Daria Nesterovich
Published: February 2025

Objective

Epilepsy is characterised by unprovoked and recurring seizures, which can be electrically measured using electroencephalograms (EEG). To better understand the underlying mechanisms of seizures, researchers are exploring their temporal dynamics through the lens of dynamical systems modelling. Seizure initiation and termination patterns of spiking amplitude and frequency can be sorted into “dynamotypes”, which may be able to serve as biomarkers for intervention. However, manual classification of these dynamotypes requires trained raters and is prone to variability. To address this, we developed DynamoSort, a machine-learning algorithm for automatic seizure onset and offset classification.

Methods

We used approximately 2100 seizures from an intra-amygdala kainic acid (IAK) mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, categorized by five trained raters. MATLAB’s classification learner application was used to create an ensemble model to score and label dynamotypes of individual seizures based on spiking and frequency features.

Results

Dynamotype classification of real EEG data lacks a definitive ground truth, with mean inter-rater agreement at 73.4% for onset and 64.2% for offset types. Despite this, DynamoSort achieved a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 for onset and a mean AUC of 0.75 for offset types. Machine-human agreement was not significantly different from human-to-human agreement. To address the lack of ground truth in ratings, DynamoSort assigns probabilistic scores (-20 to 20), to indicate similarity to each seizure dynamotype based on spiking features, allowing for a characterization of seizure dynamics on a spectrum rather than the traditional qualitative taxonomy.

Significance

Automating the classification of dynamotypes is a critical step for their inclusion as a biomarker in clinical and research applications. DynamoSort is a straightforward, open-access tool that uses automatic labelling and probabilistic scoring to quantify subtle changes in seizure onset and offset dynamics.

Key Points

Dynamotypes are a promising seizure categorization system, but is prone to interrater variability and lacks a ground truth.

Machine learning can be used to automatically classify seizure onsets and offsets into appropriate dynamotypes based on spike features.

Agreement between DynamoSort and human raters rivals typical agreement rates in trained human raters.

DynamoSort uses probabilistic scoring to quantify subtle changes in seizure onset and offset, allowing for a quantitative characterisation.
Key residue Unlocks Dual PIP2-Dependent and Independent Gating in G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Mount Jonathan , Hutchinson Keino , Zhao Yihan , Zhao Yulin , Glaaser Ian W , Yuan Peng , Schlessinger Avner , Slesinger Paul A
Published: February 2025

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels mediate membrane hyperpolarization in response to G protein-coupled receptor activation and are critical for regulating neuronal excitability. The membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is essential for regulating a large family of ion channels, and disruptions in PIP2interactions contribute to some neurological diseases. Structural analyses have identified key residues in PIP2-mediated gating of the GIRK2 channel. Notably, Arginine-92 (R92), a highly conserved basic residue at the membrane interface in GIRK2, interacts with PIP2as well as cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS), a potentiator of GIRK2. Here, we used a combination of electrophysiological assays, fluorescent K+flux measurements, cryo-electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, and find that mutations at R92 (Y, F, and Q) not only alter PIP2sensitivity but can also reveal a novel gating mechanism that is independent of PIP2. These findings indicate that R92 plays a crucial role in modulating GIRK2 channel gating, offering new insights into developing potential therapeutic targets for treating neurological disorders linked to GIRK channel dysfunction.
A Physiologically-based Model of Localized Mucociliary Clearance in the Airways
Authors: Shapiro Monica E. , Corcoran Timothy E. , Bertrand Carol A. , Parker Robert S.
Published: February 2025

The mucociliary clearance (MC) system clears mucus, pathogens, and toxins from the airways. Whole lung MC rate can be measured using gamma camera imaging after the inhalation of radiolabeled particulate. We sought a means to evaluate the therapeutic effect of clearance enhancing therapies in different airway size groups. We developed a mathematical model of mucus transport in the lung that, when informed by imaging data, estimates MC rate and unclearable activity at points across the airway tree. We fit the model to imaging studies from 11 healthy controls (HC), resulting in a per-point mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.085 ± 0.016% of the total particulate deposition. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, we reduced the number of fitted clearance rate coefficients from 114 to 5 with only an 8.7% increase in MAE. These 5 cluster groups were closely associated with specific regions of the lung and likely with specific airway size groups. Comparing the HC group to a cystic fibrosis (CF) group we found only one cluster with significantly depressed MC rates in CF corresponding to the lower lobe. The inhalation of 7% hypertonic saline (HS) by the CF group increased MC rate in all clusters and decreased unclearable activity in 4/5 clusters. The computational model described provides detailed regional estimates of MC rate when applied to clearance imaging studies. If further informed, this model may provide a valuable tool for studying small airways obstructive disease and evaluating mucus clearance-enhancing therapies in the lung.
Targeting Non-catalytic Sites of SRC Sensitizes the Efficacy of SRC Kinase Inhibitors in Solid Tumors
Authors: Yu Jinmei , Wang Xusheng , Liu Pengyue , Wang Zhenhe , Liu Jianli , Gan Tian , Xu Ning , Zhou Jichao , Yu Jiaojiao , Yuan Hongyu , Ban Xinchao , Liu Yuanzhen , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Pingping , Cui Bing
Published: February 2025

The non-catalytic functions of kinases have provided novel and crucial mechanisms underlying kinase inhibitor resistance, thereby presenting new opportunities for discovery of kinase-targeted drugs. Nevertheless, only a very limited modulators targeting non-catalytic functions have been reported. As the first discovered proto-oncogene, the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC promotes the progression of hematologic malignancies and numerous solid tumors via complex pathways. Several SRC kinase inhibitors were approved for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, yet not for solid tumors. The rapid development of resistance, attributed to the complexity of the signaling pathway, is a key factor restricting the application of SRC kinase inhibitors. The non-kinase function of SRC is one of the primary reasons, but the non-kinase function of SRC remains unclear. In this study, it was discovered that upon abrogation of phosphorylation by SRC kinase inhibitors, non-catalytic SRC promotes the transcription of the oncogenesTRIB3andSPC24transcription by binding to their promoter sequence. Simultaneously, it interacts with TRIB3 and mutually prevents the proteasome-mediated degradation by the E3 ligase CHIP, ultimately inducing resistance to SRC kinase inhibitors. The peptide TS1-2 inhibits the tumor progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), and enhances the efficacy of SRC kinase inhibitors in solid tumors. This study elucidates the mechanism of non-catalytic functions of SRC, validates the tumor-promoting function and mechanism of nuclear accumulation of SRC/TRIB3 following SRC kinase inhibitor treatment, identifies a potential target SRC/TRIB3, and offers the candidate peptide TS1-2 as a new strategy for SRC kinase inhibitor resistance.

Abstract Figure
Multiple pathways to the evolution of positive assortment in aggregative multicellularity
Authors: Stoy Kayla S. , MacGillivray Kathryn A. , Burnetti Anthony J. , Barrett Cornelia , Ratcliff William C.
Published: February 2025

The evolutionary transition to multicellularity requires shifting the primary unit of selection from cells to multicellular collectives. How this occurs in aggregative organisms remains poorly understood. Clonal development provides a direct path to multicellular adaptation through genetic identity between cells, but aggregative organisms face a constraint: selection on collective-level traits cannot drive adaptation without positive genetic assortment. We leveraged experimental evolution of flocculatingSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto examine the evolution and role of genetic assortment in multicellular adaptation. After 840 generations of selection for rapid settling, 13 of 19 lineages evolved increased positive assortment relative to their ancestor. However, assortment provided no competitive advantage during settling selection, suggesting it arose as an indirect effect of selection on cell-level traits rather than through direct selection on collective-level properties. Genetic reconstruction experiments and protein structure modeling revealed two distinct pathways to assortment: kin recognition mediated by mutations in theFLO1adhesion gene and generally enhanced cellular adhesion that improved flocculation efficiency independent of partner genotype. The evolution of assortment without immediate adaptive benefit suggests that key innovations enabling multicellular adaptation may arise indirectly through cell-level selection. Our results demonstrate fundamental constraints on aggregative multicellularity and help explain why aggregative lineages have remained simple.
Current noise in quantum dot thermoelectric engines
Authors: Wozny Simon , Leijnse Martin
Published: February 2025

We theoretically investigate a thermoelectric heat engine based on a single-level quantum dot, calculating average quantities such as current, heat current, output power, and efficiency, as well as fluctuations (noise). Our theory is based on a diagrammatic expansion of the memory kernel together with counting statistics, and we investigate the effects of strong interactions and next-to-leading order tunneling. Accounting for next-to-leading order tunneling is crucial for a correct description when operating at high power and high efficiency, and in particular affect the qualitative behavior of the Fano factor and efficiency. We compare our results with the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relations, which provide a lower bound on the fluctuations for a given efficiency. In principle, the conventional thermodynamic uncertainty relations can be violated by the non-Markovian quantum effects originating from next-to-leading order tunneling, providing a type of quantum advantage. However, for the specific heat engine realization we consider here, we find that next-to-leading order tunneling does not lead to such violations, but in fact always pushes the results further away from the bound set by the thermodynamic uncertainty relations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Transport signatures of Fermi arcs at twin boundaries in Weyl materials
Authors: Kaushik Sahal , Robredo Iñigo , Mathur Nitish , Schoop Leslie M. , Jin Song , Vergniory Maia G. , Cano Jennifer
Published: February 2025

One of the most striking signatures of Weyl fermions in solid-state systems is their surface Fermi arcs. Fermi arcs can also be localized at internal twin boundaries where two Weyl materials of opposite chirality meet. In this work, we derive constraints on the topology and connectivity of these “internal Fermi arcs.” We show that internal Fermi arcs can exhibit transport signatures, and we propose two probes: quantum oscillations and a quantized chiral magnetic current. We propose merohedrally twinned B20 materials as candidates to host internal Fermi arcs, verified through both model and calculations. Our theoretical investigation sheds light on the topological features and motivates experimental studies on the intriguing physics of internal Fermi arcs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
First simultaneous measurement of the γ-ray and neutron emission probabilities in inverse kinematics at a heavy-ion storage ring
Authors: Sguazzin M. , Jurado B. , Pibernat J. , Swartz J. A. , Grieser M. , Glorius J. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Berthelot C. , Włoch B. , Adamczewski-Musch J. , Alfaurt P. , Ascher P. , Audouin L. , Blank B. , Blaum K. , Brückner B. , Dellmann S. , Dillmann I. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dupuis M. , Erbacher P. , Flayol M. , Forstner O. , Freire-Fernández D. , Gerbaux M. , Giovinazzo J. , Grévy S. , Griffin C. J. , Gumberidze A. , Heil S. , Heinz A. , Hess R. , Kurtulgil D. , Kurz N. , Leckenby G. , Litvinov S. , Lorentz B. , Méot V. , Michaud J. , Pérard S. , Petridis N. , Popp U. , Ramos D. , Reifarth R. , Roche M. , Sanjari M. S. , Sidhu R. S. , Spillmann U. , Steck M. , Stöhlker Th. , Thomas B. , Thulliez L. , Versteegen M.
Published: February 2025

The probabilities for γ-ray and particle emission as a function of the excitation energy of a decaying nucleus are valuable observables for constraining the ingredients of the models that describe the deexcitation of nuclei near the particle emission threshold. These models are essential in nuclear astrophysics and applications. In this paper, we have for the first time simultaneously measured the γ-ray and neutron emission probabilities of Pb208. The measurement was performed in inverse kinematics at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) of the GSI/FAIR facility, where a Pb208 beam interacted through the Pb208(p,p′) reaction with a hydrogen gas jet target. Instead of detecting the γ rays and neutrons emitted by Pb208, we detected the heavy beamlike residues produced after γ and neutron emission. These heavy residues were fully separated by a dipole magnet of the ESR and were detected with outstanding efficiencies. The comparison of the measured probabilities with model calculations has allowed us to test and select different descriptions of the γ-ray strength function and the nuclear level density available in the literature.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Study of electron-positron annihilation into
KK¯π
within resonance chiral theory
Authors: Qin Bing-Hai , Qin Wen , Dai Ling-Yun
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a coherent study of the e+e− annihilation into K+K−π0, KS0KL0π0, and KS0K±π∓ is carried out within the framework of resonance chiral theory. The amplitudes are fixed by fitting to the experimental cross section and invariant mass spectrum. With these amplitudes, one can calculate the hadronic vacuum polarization form factors of these processes. The leading order contributions of σ(e+e−→KK¯π) to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon,

(

g

−

2

)

μ

, is obtained as aμHVP,LO(e+e−→KK¯π)=(3.178±0.071)×10−10 up to Ecm=2.3  GeV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Quasiclassical evaluation of gluon saturation induced helicity effects
Authors: Li Ming
Published: February 2025

At sub-eikonal order in the high-energy limit, helicity dependences are generally contained in the transverse components of the gluon field. In the gluon saturation regime, novel helicity effects arise from the nonlinear interaction between the eikonal-order longitudinal gluon field and the sub-eikonal-order transverse gluon field. We derive this saturation induced helicity-dependent field both by solving the classical Yang-Mills equations and through direct diagrammatic calculations. Our analysis shows that the saturation induced helicity effect is intrinsically a two-particle (or multiparticle) correlation effect, rather than a single-particle distribution effect. Furthermore, we evaluate this effect in the context of double-spin asymmetry for incoherent diffractive dijet production in longitudinally polarized electron-nucleus collisions, using a simplified helicity-extended McLerran-Venugopalan model. We find that the saturation induced helicity effect further suppresses the back-to-back peak in the dijet azimuthal angle correlation, with a magnitude comparable to that of the direct helicity effect. This gluon saturation induced helicity effect may offer a novel avenue to probe gluon saturation in polarized collisions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Pion condensation at rotation in magnetic field, electric, and scalar potential wells
Authors: Voskresensky D. N.
Published: February 2025

Instability of the charged pion vacuum resulting in the pion condensation is studied within the λ|ϕ|4 model at the rapid rotation of the system in presence of external fields. Case of the static external scalar and electric square potential wells and the uniform magnetic field is studied in detail. The Meissner and Aharonov-Bohm effects and the London moment are taken into account. Analogies and differences with the behavior of metallic superconductors under the action of the rotation and the external magnetic field are analyzed.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Functional renormalization group analysis of the
O(3)
nonlinear sigma model and non-Abelian bosonization duality
Authors: Haruna Junichi , Shimizu Keito , Yamada Masatoshi
Published: February 2025

It is known that the U(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model is dual to the free fermion theory in two dimensions via non-Abelian bosonization. While it is decomposed into the SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model and a free compact boson, the former is believed to be equivalent to the O(3) nonlinear sigma model with the theta term at θ=π. In this work, we reexamine this duality through the lens of nonperturbative renormalization group (RG) flow. We analyze the RG flow structure of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model with the theta term in two dimensions using the functional renormalization group. Our results reveal a nontrivial fixed point with a nonzero value of the topological coupling. The scaling dimensions (critical exponents) at this fixed point suggest the realization of a duality between the O(3) nonlinear sigma model with the theta term and the free fermion theory, indicating that these models belong to the same universality class.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
All actions for free massive higher-spin fields
Authors: Delplanque William
Published: February 2025

Massive higher-spin states/fields appear in the effective description of various systems from hadrons and nuclei to black holes, whenever the point-particle approximation is justified, as well as in the bottom-up approaches to the quantum gravity problem. In four dimensions the actions for massive higher-spin fields utilize either the Singh-Hagen/Zinoviev set of auxiliary fields or a single chiral field, which is an sl(2,C) spin-tensor of type (2s,0), generalizing the Chalmers-Siegel approach. We show that these two actions are on the opposite ends of a discrete family of actions where the physical field is a spin-tensor of type (s+k,s−k). The (2s−1,1)- and (2s−2,2)-cases generalize the Proca and the Fierz-Pauli actions, respectively, to all spins. A similar family of second-order actions exists for fermionic higher-spin fields.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Weakly nonlinear analysis of Turing pattern dynamics on curved surfaces
Authors: Nishide Ryosuke , Ishihara Shuji
Published: February 2025

Pattern dynamics on curved surfaces are ubiquitous. Although the effect of surface topography on pattern dynamics has gained much interest, there is a limited understanding of the roles of surface geometry and topology in pattern dynamics. Recently, we reported that a static pattern on a flat plane can become a propagating pattern on a curved surface []. By examining reaction-diffusion equations on axisymmetric surfaces, certain conditions for the onset of pattern propagation were determined. However, this analysis was limited by the assumption that the pattern propagates at a constant speed. Here, we investigate the pattern propagation driven by surface curvature using weakly nonlinear analysis, which enables a more comprehensive approach to the aforementioned problem. The analysis reveals consistent conditions of the pattern propagation similar to our previous results, and further predicts that rich dynamics other than pattern propagation, such as periodic and chaotic behaviors, can arise depending on the surface geometry. This study provides a perspective on the relationship between surfaces and pattern dynamics and a basis for controlling pattern dynamics on surfaces.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Local topology and perestroikas in protein structure and folding dynamics
Authors: Begun Alexander , Chernodub Maxim N. , Molochkov Alexander , Niemi Antti J.
Published: February 2025

Methods of local topology are introduced to the field of protein physics. This is done by interpreting the folding and unfolding processes of a globular protein in terms of conformational bifurcations that alter the local topology of the proteins Cα backbone. The mathematical formulation extends Arnold's perestroikas to piecewise linear chains using the discrete Frenet frame formalism. In the low-temperature folded phase, the backbone geometry generalizes the concept of a Peano curve, with its modular building blocks modeled by soliton solutions of a discretized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The onset of thermal unfolding begins when perestroikas change the flattening and branch points that determine the centers of solitons. When temperature increases, the perestroikas cascade, which leads to a progressive disintegration of the modular structures. The folding and unfolding processes are quantitatively characterized by a correlation function that describes the evolution of perestroikas under temperature changes. The approach provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the Physics of protein folding and unfolding transitions, contributing to the broader field of protein structure and dynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Sensitivity of JWST to eV-Scale Decaying Axion Dark Matter
Authors: Roy Sandip , Blanco Carlos , Dessert Christopher , Prabhu Anirudh , Temim Tea
Published: February 2025

The recently launched James Webb Space Telescope can resolve eV-scale emission lines arising from dark matter decay. We forecast the end-of-mission sensitivity to the decay of axions, a leading dark matter candidate, in the Milky Way using the blank-sky observations expected during standard operations. Searching for unassociated emission lines will constrain axions in the mass range 0.18 to 2.6 eV with axion-photon couplings gaγγ≳5.5×10−12  GeV−1. In particular, these results will constrain nucleophobic QCD axions to masses ≲0.2  eV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
N=8
Supergravity from Positivity
Authors: Carrasco John Joseph M. , Edison Alex , Robles Del Pino Nia , Zekioğlu Suna
Published: February 2025

The duality between color and kinematics brings many simplifications to the construction of scattering amplitudes. Here, we show that satisfaction of the tree-level Bern-Carrasco-Johansson relations can dramatically simplify loop computations even when the loop-level relations are not explicitly satisfied. We introduce an agglomerative algorithm, color-dual cut tiling, that builds the entire integrand from the simplest on-shell conditions applied to a seed of off-shell integrand information. Specifically, we demonstrate that for two-to-two scattering at three loops in the maximally supersymmetric gauge theory there is sufficient information contained in planar cuts—completely determined by positivity constraints—to generate all of the nonplanar sector. We further make use of the generalized double copy to generate a representation of maximally supersymmetric gravity as a functional of the planar SYM input. We close with comments on generalizations and possible applications of the approach.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Rotational superradiance in a time-reversal symmetry-broken quantum gas inside an optical cavity
Authors: Masalaeva Natalia , Mivehvar Farokh
Published: February 2025

The appearance of quantized vortices in a superfluid and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) stems from their nontrivial response to time-reversal symmetry (TRS). Here, we show that breaking of the TRS by, for example, rotation or an external synthetic magnetic field in a transversely driven BEC coupled to a single mode of an optical cavity modifies drastically Dicke superradiance and self-ordering phenomena in this system. In particular, photon scattering from the pump laser into the cavity is amplified by rotational motion of the BEC, leading to so-called “rotational superradiance”—in a loose analogy to black-hole physics—with distinct critical scaling properties. In turn, cavity photons mediate long-range, periodic attractive interactions among the vortices, which compete with pairwise logarithmic repulsive vortex interactions and deform the Abrikosov triangular vortex lattice favoring a stripe-like pattern. Remarkably, the rotation of the BEC and the topological properties of the vortex lattice can be monitored nondestructively through the cavity output field.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Topological properties, exact solutions and chaotic behaviors for coupled Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson equation with conformal derivative
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Xiao Xiang
Published: February 2025

Purpose

In this paper, the dynamical properties and analytic solutions of the coupled Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson equation with a conformal derivative are studied by the complete discrimination system for the polynomial method. Not only are the Hamiltonian and topological properties of this equation are presented, but also all exact traveling wave solutions are found.

Design/methodology/approach

The complete discrimination system for the polynomial method serves as the cornerstone of the analytical approach, facilitating both the analysis of dynamic properties and the derivation of exact solutions for the equation under study.

Findings

The study shows that by adjusting specific parameters, various classified solutions such as rational function solutions, solitary wave solutions and periodic function solutions can be realized in practical applications. Furthermore, numerical analysis shows that the introduction of different external perturbation terms in the coupled Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson equations with conformal derivative can confirm the presence of chaotic behaviors.

Originality/value

The coupled Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson equation is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the same method. Firstly, the dynamical system is analyzed qualitatively using a third-order discriminant system to predict the type of solutions. Then, use a fourth-order discriminant system to solve the exact solutions and maintain parameter consistency. This method ensures that the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis are achieved under the same set of parameters, thereby improving the coherence and reliability of the research.
Cooking unforgettable experiences: sensory marketing in slow food restaurants
Authors: Santos Mariana Alves , Dopico-Parada Ana , Cabanelas Pablo
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of gastronomic sensory experiences on customer intention to revisit. The paper analyses if sensory perception is positively related to experiential value and attempts to verify if customer satisfaction is positively related to post-purchase behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts a quantitative approach through structural equation modelling for analysing the data collected from 416 respondents in Portugal, a country well-known for its gastronomy.

Findings

Sensory perception positively impacts the experiential value in its functional and emotional dimensions. Furthermore, immediate customer satisfaction induces positive post-purchase behaviour regarding slow food restaurants.

Practical implications

This study provides practical guidelines for managers to monitor customer satisfaction by applying sensory marketing techniques. Furthermore, slow food advocates for environmentally sustainable practices, social welfare and the preservation of biodiversity and local culinary traditions.

Originality/value

Slow Food restaurants must remain authentic and sustainable to develop a traditional gastronomic experience. Sensory marketing is a marketing practice that uses senses to improve customers’ emotions and dining experiences. Although there are studies applied to the restaurant sector, there are hardly any applied to slow food.