bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Implications of Smallholders’ Collaborative Groupings on Household Income and Adaptability to Climate Change in Nigeria
Authors: Ikuemonisan Edamisan Stephen , Ajibefun Igbekele Amos
Published: December 2021

This study assessed the impact of smallholders’ collaborative groupings on farm household income and their decision to adapt management strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change within their farming areas. A sample of 225 households’ farms from the participating 15 LGAs in Ondo State were randomly selected. However, only 200 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. The study deployed both descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and regression models) to achieve its objectives. The study found that only 20% of the households have strategies to ensure a smooth succession of the management in the family farm. The results of the probit regression analysis showed that the membership of collaborative groupings significantly and positively influenced the per capita household farm income and households’ decision to adapt management strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change. In addition, findings from the study also empirically validated that farmers who adapted to the climate earned a higher farm income than non-adapters. On the strength of these findings, the study recommends that more farmers should be encouraged to form collaborative groupings where they can also share in the numerous benefits of being in such a network, including the access to more information on adaptation to climate change.
Simulation Modeling of Aerial Work Completed by Helicopters in the Construction Industry Focused on Weather Conditions
Authors: Bisták Andrej , Hulínová Zdenka , Neštiak Michal , Chamulová Barbara
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to develop a simulation model of the works carried out by helicopters, which are used in the construction of buildings under harsh natural conditions. This work identified that even technologies that we do not normally encounter, such as aerial work using helicopters, can have a major impact on ensuring the requirement of sustainability within the overall environmental and economic context. In the environment of protected landscape areas and national parks, in particular, where all sites are sensitive to human intervention, the use of helicopters in construction functions is an irreplaceable aid. Preparations for aerial work are very demanding and require the use of more sophisticated tools to achieve optimal results consistent within the paradigm of long-term sustainability. Simulation modeling is one such option, thanks to the considerable advancements made in information technology. A simulation model of aerial work was compiled within the presented work, and its functionality was verified using specific examples that confirmed in full the suitability of using simulations in the preparation of aerial work within construction. A detailed analysis of helicopter operations showed that an algorithm that accounts for future weather conditions at the construction site, and specifically focused on the conditions at the given altitude above the ground, should be a dominant feature of simulation models. It is exceptionally important that such data be known within the preparations for aerial work as accurately as possible, and, as such, this article describes the process of obtaining meteorological information for simulation models in detail using a numerical weather forecast and the reliability of data obtained in this manner. Based on the results obtained during this research, the proposed simulation model can be recommended as a suitable tool in the preparation of buildings. Its use is especially important if construction takes place under difficult natural conditions, where work cannot be carried out without the use of helicopters. We perceive the simulation model as a potential tool for digitizing construction preparations in the age of Industry 4.0.
Principles of Imitation for the Loading of the Test Bench for Gas Turbines of Gas Pumping Units, Adequate to Real Conditions
Authors: Petrochenkov Anton , Romodin Aleksandr , Kazantsev Vladimir , Sal’nikov Aleksey , Bochkarev Sergey , Gagarin Yuri , Shapranov Ruslan , Brusnitcin Pavel
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of loading methods for gas turbines as well as to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes the real operating conditions of the loading system at various loads and rotation speeds. A comparative analysis of the most common methods and technical means of loading the shafts of a free turbine at gas turbine plants intended for operation as part of gas pumping units is presented. Based on the results of the analysis, the expediency of using the loading model “Free Power Turbine Rotor–Hydraulic Brake” as a load simulation is shown. Recommendations for the creation of an automation system for the load testing of power plants have been developed. Mathematical models and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation models of power plants have been developed and tested. One of the most important factors that predetermine the effectiveness of the loading principle is the possibility of software implementation of the loading means using software control systems that provide the specified loading parameters of the gas turbine.
The Green Competitiveness of Enterprises: Justifying the Quality Criteria of Digital Marketing Communication Channels
Authors: Chen Yang , Kwilinski Aleksy , Chygryn Olena , Lyulyov Oleksii , Pimonenko Tetyana
Published: December 2021

The omnichannel approach to forming marketing strategies for the development of the green competitiveness of enterprises is seen as a process for the inseparable interaction of marketing-mix elements that are aimed at promoting green competitiveness. This approach integrates traditional and digital marketing communication channels and provides consideration for stakeholder interests. The effectiveness of applying the omnichannel approach to the formation of marketing strategies to develop the green competitiveness of enterprises depends on a set of marketing communication channels, which, in various combinations, can increase or decrease the level of companies’ green competitiveness. For that purpose, this paper proposes a scientific approach to identifying the quality parameters of marketing communication channels, which involves testing the hypothesis that statistically significant relationships exist between their quality parameters and the levels of green competitiveness. The objects analyzed in the paper comprise large Ukrainian production companies that are part of the agro-industrial, mechanical engineering, and food industries, and that work in both the local and international markets. According to the results of the calculations, four relevant parameters were identified for determining the quality of the marketing communication channels: the speed of loading pages, the failure rate, image, and remarketing activities.
Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm: An Update on Clinical Studies
Authors: Tambasco Nicola , Filidei Marta , Nigro Pasquale , Parnetti Lucilla , Simoni Simone
Published: December 2021

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of the facial muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Generally, it is associated with a poor quality of life due to social embarrassment and can lead to functional blindness. Moreover, it is a chronic condition, and spontaneous recovery is rare. Intramuscular injections of Botulinum Toxin (BoNT) are routinely used as HFS treatment. Methods: We reviewed published articles between 1991 and 2021 regarding the effectiveness and safety of BoNT in HFS as well as any reported differences among BoNT formulations. Results: The efficacy of BoNT for HFS treatment ranged from 73% to 98.4%. The mean duration of the effect was around 12 weeks. Effectiveness did not decrease over time. Adverse effects were usually mild and transient. The efficacy and tolerability of the different preparations appeared to be similar. Among the studies, dosage, injected muscles, intervals of treatment, and rating scales were variable, thus leading to challenges in comparing the results. Conclusions: BoNT was the treatment of choice for HFS due to its efficacy and safety profile. Further studies are needed to investigate the factors that influence the outcome, including the optimal timing of treatment, injection techniques, dosage, and the best selection criteria for formulations.
Comparison of Ameliorative Effects between Probiotic and Biodegradable Bacillus subtilis on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Gilts
Authors: Shen Wenqiang , Liu Yaojun , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Xiong , Rong Xiaoping , Zhao Lihong , Ji Cheng , Lei Yuanpei , Li Fengjuan , Chen Jing , Ma Qiugang
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to compare the potential ameliorative effects between probiotic Bacillus subtilis and biodegradable Bacillus subtilis on zearalenone (ZEN) toxicosis in gilts. Thirty-six Landrace×Yorkshire gilts (average BW = 64 kg) were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Normal control diet group (NC) fed the basal diet containing few ZEN (17.5 μg/kg); (2) ZEN contaminated group (ZC) fed the contaminated diet containing an exceeded limit dose of ZEN (about 300 μg/kg); (3) Probiotic agent group (PB) fed the ZC diet with added 5 × 109 CFU/kg of probiotic Bacillus subtilis ANSB010; (4) Biodegradable agent group (DA) fed the ZC diet with added 5 × 109 CFU/kg of biodegradable Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G. Results showed that Bacillus subtilis ANSB010 and ANSB01G isolated from broiler intestinal chyme had similar inhibitory activities against common pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the feed conversion ratio and the vulva size in DA group were significantly lower than ZC group (p < 0.05). The levels of IgG, IgM, IL-2 and TNFα in the ZC group were significantly higher than PB and DA groups (p < 0.05). The levels of estradiol and prolactin in the ZC group was significantly higher than those of the NC and DA groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the residual ZEN in the feces of the ZC and PB groups were higher than those of the NC and DA groups (p < 0.05). In summary, the ZEN-contaminated diet had a damaging impact on growth performance, plasma immune function and hormone secretion of gilts. Although probiotic and biodegradable Bacillus subtilis have similar antimicrobial capacities, only biodegradable Bacillus subtilis could eliminate these negative effects through its biodegradable property to ZEN.
R-Process with Magnetized Nuclei at Dynamo-Explosive Supernovae and Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Kondratyev Vladimir N.
Published: December 2021

Nucleosynthesis at latge magnetic induction levels relevant to core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers is considered. For respective magnetic fields of a strength up to ten teratesla, atomic nuclei exhibit a linear magnetic response due to the Zeeman effect. Such nuclear reactivity can be described in terms of magnetic susceptibility. Susceptibility maxima correspond to half-filled shells. The neutron component rises linearly with increasing shell angular momentum, while the contribution of protons grows quadratically due to considerable income from orbital magnetization. For a case j = l + 1/2, the proton contribution makes tens of nuclear magnetons and significantly exceeds the neutron values which give several units. In a case j = l − 1/2, the proton component is almost zero up to the g shell. A noticeable increase in the generation of corresponding explosive nucleosynthetic products with antimagic numbers is predicted for nuclei at charge freezing conditions. In the iron group region, new seeds are also created for the r-process. In particular, the magnetic enhancement of the volume of 44Ti isotopes is consistent with results from observations and indicates the substantial increase in the abundance of the main titanium isotope (48Ti) in the Galaxy’s chemical composition. Magnetic effects are proven to result in a shift of the r-process path towards smaller mass numbers, as well as an increase in the volume of low-mass nuclides in peaks of the r-process nuclei.
Sendai Virus and a Unified Model of Mononegavirus RNA Synthesis
Authors: Kolakofsky Daniel , Le Mercier Philippe , Nishio Machiko , Blackledge Martin , Crépin Thibaut , Ruigrok Rob W. H.
Published: December 2021

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the founding member of the mononegavirus order (Mononegavirales), was found to be a negative strand RNA virus in the 1960s, and since then the number of such viruses has continually increased with no end in sight. Sendai virus (SeV) was noted soon afterwards due to an outbreak of newborn pneumonitis in Japan whose putative agent was passed in mice, and nowadays this mouse virus is mainly the bane of animal houses and immunologists. However, SeV was important in the study of this class of viruses because, like flu, it grows to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs, facilitating the biochemical characterization of its infection and that of its nucleocapsid, which is very close to that of measles virus (MeV). This review and opinion piece follow SeV as more is known about how various mononegaviruses express their genetic information and carry out their RNA synthesis, and proposes a unified model based on what all MNV have in common.
Establishment of Outbreak Thresholds for Hepatitis A in South Africa Using Laboratory Surveillance, 2017–2020
Authors: Prabdial-Sing Nishi , Motaze Villyen , Manamela Jack , McCarthy Kerrigan , Suchard Melinda
Published: December 2021

As South Africa transitions from endemic to intermediate endemicity, hepatitis A surveillance needs strengthening to monitor trends in disease incidence and to identify outbreaks. We used passive laboratory-based surveillance data from the National Health Laboratory Services to calculate national hepatitis A incidence and to establish thresholds for outbreaks. Incidence was calculated by age and geographic location. The static threshold used two or three standard deviations (SDs) above the mean hepatitis A incidence in 2017–2019, and a cumulative summation (CuSum2) threshold used three SDs above the mean of the preceding seven months. These thresholds were applied to hepatitis A data for 2020. From 2017 to 2020, the mean incidence of hepatitis A IgM was 4.06/100,000 and ranged from 4.23 to 4.85/100,000 per year. Hepatitis A incidence was highest in the Western Cape province (WCP) (7.00–10.92/100,000 per year). The highest incidence was in the 1–9-year-olds. The incidence of hepatitis A in 2020 exceeded the static threshold in two districts of the WCP: Cape Winelands in January and Overberg district in August. The provincial incidence did not exceed the static and CuSum2 thresholds. District-level analysis using either threshold was sensitive enough to monitor trends and to alert district health authorities, allowing early outbreak responses.
Molecular Epidemiology of Rabies in Wild Canidae in Tunisia
Authors: Bouslama Zied , Kharmachi Habib , Basdouri Nourhene , Ben Salem Jihen , Ben Maiez Samia , Handous Mariem , Saadi Mohamed , Ghram Abdeljalil , Turki Imed
Published: December 2021

Rabies is a viral zoonosis that is transmissible to humans via domestic and wild animals. There are two epidemiological cycles for rabies, the urban and the sylvatic cycles. In an attempt to study the epidemiological role of wild canidae in rabies transmission, the present study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics of virus isolates and confirm prior suggestions that rabies is maintained through a dog reservoir in Tunisia. Virus strains isolated from wild canidae were subject to viral sequencing, and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using Beast2 software. Essentially, the virus strains isolated from wild canidae belonged to the Africa-1 clade, which clearly diverges from fox-related strains. Our study also demonstrated that genetic characteristics of the virus isolates were not as distinct as could be expected if a wild reservoir had already existed. On the contrary, the geographic landscape is responsible for the genetic diversity of the virus. The landscape itself could have also acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the virus.
Comparison of the Applicability of Different Soil Erosion Models to Predict Soil Erodibility Factor and Event Soil Losses on Loess Slopes in Hungary
Authors: Keller Boglárka , Centeri Csaba , Szabó Judit Alexandra , Szalai Zoltán , Jakab Gergely
Published: December 2021

Climate change induces more extreme precipitation events, which increase the amount of soil loss. There are continuous requests from the decision-makers in the European Union to provide data on soil loss; the question is, which ones should we use? The paper presents the results of USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation), RUSLE (Revised USLE), USLE-M (USLE-Modified) and EPIC (Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator) modelling, based on rainfall simulations performed in the Koppány Valley, Hungary. Soil losses were measured during low-, moderate- and high-intensity rainfalls on cultivated soils formed on loess. The soil erodibility values were calculated by the equations of the applied soil erosion models and ranged from 0.0028 to 0.0087 t ha h ha−1 MJ−1 mm−1 for the USLE-related models. EPIC produced larger values. The coefficient of determination resulted in an acceptable correlation between the measured and calculated values only in the case of USLE-M. Based on other statistical indicators (e.g., NSEI, RMSE, PBIAS and relative error), RUSLE, USLE and USLE-M resulted in the best performance. Overall, regardless of being non-physically based models, USLE-type models seem to produce accurate soil erodibility values, thus modelling outputs.
Bacterial Microbiomes in the Sediments of Lotic Systems Ecologic Drivers and Role: A Case Study from the Mureş River, Transylvania, Romania
Authors: Boeraş Ioana , Burcea Alexandru , Coman Cristian , Bănăduc Doru , Curtean-Bănăduc Angela
Published: December 2021

Numerous sections of the Mureş River vary in terms of the abundance of nitrates, ammonia, and orthophosphates; and of correlated lotic sediment bacterial microbiome structures in terms of both diversity and abundance. This highlights the great versatility of microbiomes in being influenced by the physical-chemical characteristics of environments and their spatial changes. Bacteria microbiomes exhibit dynamic and shifting potential and significant tendencies toward self-organization and self-adaptation. These typical features represent an essential ecologic basis for lotic systems having to do with the use and reuse of various kinds of environmental resource as chemical substances. In this respect, trophic processes assure the river ecosystem optimum health ecologic status dynamic and trend, to be reached. The flexibility of shifting bacterial microbiomes is crucial in maintaining this ecological context’s vital role in biogeochemically sustaining other taxonomic groups, which are spatially and temporally continuous. This is especially important for nutrient cycle processes, even for rivers with high levels of negative human impact, in promoting a functional lotic system.
Assessing Surface Water Flood Risks in Urban Areas Using Machine Learning
Authors: Li Zhufeng , Liu Haixing , Luo Chunbo , Fu Guangtao
Published: December 2021

Urban flooding is a devastating natural hazard for cities around the world. Flood risk mapping is a key tool in flood management. However, it is computationally expensive to produce flood risk maps using hydrodynamic models. To this end, this paper investigates the use of machine learning for the assessment of surface water flood risks in urban areas. The factors that are considered in machine learning models include coordinates, elevation, slope gradient, imperviousness, land use, land cover, soil type, substrate, distance to river, distance to road, and normalized difference vegetation index. The machine learning models are tested using the case study of Exeter, UK. The performance of machine learning algorithms, including naïve Bayes, perceptron, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), is compared based on a spectrum of indicators, e.g., accuracy, F-beta score, and receiver operating characteristic curve. The results obtained from the case study show that the flood risk maps can be accurately generated by the machine learning models. The performance of models on the 30-year flood event is better than 100-year and 1000-year flood events. The CNNs and ANNs outperform the other machine learning algorithms tested. This study shows that machine learning can help provide rapid flood mapping, and contribute to urban flood risk assessment and management.
Analysis of Long-Term Shoreline Observations in the Vicinity of Coastal Structures: A Case Study of South Bali Beaches
Authors: Rahmawati Ria Rista , Putro Anthony Harlly Sasono , Lee Jung Lyul
Published: December 2021

Recently, many rigid structures have been installed to cope with and efficiently manage coastal erosion. However, the changes in the coastline or isocenter and the movements of coastal sediment are poorly understood. This study examined the equilibrium shoreline and isocenter lines by applying a Model of Estimating Equilibrium Parabolic-type Shoreline (MeEPASoL) as an equilibrium shoreline prediction model. In addition, the inverse method was used to estimate littoral drift sediment transport from long-term beach profile observations. The movement of coastal sediments was analyzed using long-term beach profile observation data for three Indonesian beaches, namely, Kuta Beach for 13 years, Karang Beach in Sanur for 15 years, and Samuh Beach in Nusa Dua for 18 years. The littoral drift at every site was dynamically controlled by seasonal changes in the monsoon, the erosion and deposition patterns coupled with the presence of coastal structures, and limited sediment movement. Shoreline deformation in Kuta is generally backward deformed, with a littoral drift from south to north. In Sanur, the littoral drift vector carries sediment from the right and left sides and forms a salient behind the offshore breakwater. The littoral drift at Nusa Dua is dominantly from south to north, but the force of sediment transport decreases near the breakwater towards the north. Furthermore, the methods applied herein could aid the development of strategic coastal management plans to control erosion in subcells of coastal areas.
New opportunities of halotherapy in the prevention and medical rehabilitation of children
Authors: Chervinskaya Alina Vyacheslavovna , Pogonchenkova Irena Vladimirovna , Khan Maya Alekseevna , Mikitchenko Natalya Anatolievna , Lyan Natalya Anatolievna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to new possibilities of using halotherapy in the prevention, treatment and medical rehabilitation of children. In recent years, active work has been carried out to develop new effective methods of reproducing the aerodispersed medium in the form of haloingalation therapy or by group method — in the conditions of a halochamber. The therapeutic effect of halotherapy is determined by the biophysical properties of a dry highly dispersed aerosol of sodium chloride. The paper presents the biophysical properties of the main active factor of halotherapy, i.e. a dry highly dispersed aerosol of sodium chloride, and reveals some aspects of the formation of the mechanism of therapeutic action. The anti-inflammatory, draining, mucolytic, immunomodulatory, sanogenetic effect of haloaerosol is shown. In pediatric practice, haloaerosol therapy is used for medical rehabilitation of children with respiratory diseases (bronchial asthma, bronchitis), ENT pathology (rhinosinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis), skin diseases. Halotherapy is the method of choice in the prevention of acute respiratory diseases and improving the health of children in general education institutions. The high efficiency of the complex application of halotherapy in various diseases in children has been established. A promising direction for the development of halotherapy is the development of combined exposure technologies. The high efficiency of the use of haloingalation therapy in combination with magnetic therapy in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in children has been proven. Based on the conducted studies, a favorable effect of the use of halotherapy and flutter therapy on clinical and functional parameters in children with bronchial asthma was revealed. The data on the possibility of combined use of halotherapy with a pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field in the medical rehabilitation of children suffering from bronchial asthma are presented. Simplicity, safety, the possibility of personalization of exposure and good tolerability by children expands the possibilities for using halotherapy in pediatric practice.
Application of phytocomplex and nordic walking in dyslipidemia
Authors: Gilmutdinova Lira Talgatovna , Kudayarova Rushaniya Ravilievna , Ivanov Aleksander Mikhailovich , Garaev Ruslan Ralifovich , Gilmutdinov Bulat Rashitovich , Marakaeva Ekaterina Alekseevna , Kamilyanova Liana Mudarisovna
Published: December 2021

The results of assessing the effectiveness of using the original phytocomplex in combination with physical training in the form of Nordic walking in 78 men with dyslipidemia are presented. It was found that in the main group (n=39), against the background of the use of phytocomplex and physical training, there is a decrease in the content of atherogenic lipid fractions and the atherogenic coefficient, an increase in physical performance, and an improvement in the indicators of the adaptive reserve of the cardiovascular system. In the control group (n=39), against the background of a hypolipidemic diet and climatotherapy, less significant dynamics of the parameters is noted.
Analysis of the mechanisms of synergistic effect in the combined use of physiotherapy factors
Authors: Benkov A. A. , Nagornev S. N. , Frolkov V. K. , Gusakova E. V. , Nagorneva M. S.
Published: December 2021

The study is devoted to the analysis of the internal mechanisms of the realization of biological effects of the combined use of a low-frequency alternating electrostatic field and transcranial magnetic stimulation with a running magnetic field in patients with metabolic syndrome. The results obtained allow concluding that the simultaneous course effect of these physiotherapeutic factors is accompanied by the development of a synergistic effect, objectively assessed by a set of parameters characterizing the state of the microcirculatory-tissue system, metabolic processes and peroxide metabolism. The quantitative assessment carried out using the synergy factor allowed classifying the type of interaction of physical factors as potentiation. The analysis of the internal mechanisms of supraadditive interaction made it possible to establish that this phenomenon can be most accurately explained from the standpoint of epigenetic regulation, which is a change in gene expression with the preservation of the DNA sequence and which determines the phenomenon of functional cumulation during the course of physiotherapeutic factors. The epigenetic model of the realization of synergy acts as a molecular evidence base for the sanogenetic effects observed in patients with metabolic syndrome under the systemotropic effect of physiotherapeutic factors.
La encrucijada del Lawfare: entre la judicialización y mediatización de la política
Authors: León Castro Edizon
Published: December 2021

Este artículo busca entender el Lawfare como término que define las implicaciones jurídicas y en los derechos de las personas que administran un Estado y que en la experiencia de América Latina fueron puestas en evidencia tras los llamados gobiernos del Socialismo del Siglo XXI. El ethos de dicha estrategia es el aprovechamiento mediático y la institucionalidad del Estado. Se exploran efectos de un Lawfare latinoamericano, que arranca en la mediatización de los procesos judiciales a través de medios de comunicación (tradicionales y digitales), y que concluye en la supuesta materialización de una ideología ligada al modelo económico, dentro del cual se plantea “recuperar el ejercicio del poder desde el Estado”. Se reflexiona sobre el maridaje entre lo judicial y lo mediático, a partir de este objetivo común.  

 

Palabras clave: Lawfare, mediatización, poder público y privado.
BUEN VIVIR, VIVIR BIEN O UBUNTU VS. MAL VIVIR DESDE UNA VISIÓN AFRODESCENDIENTE EN ECUADOR
Authors: Antón Sánchez John
Published: December 2021

La Constitución ecuatoriana del 2008, define que el desarrollo del país deberá ser orientado por el Buen Vivir o del Sumak Kawsay (art. 257). Esta es una idea movilizadora que ofrece alternativas a los problemas del desarrollo tanto del país como de la humanidad. El Buen Vivir es un modelo distinto al desarrollo occidental. Está basado en los planteamientos de los pueblos andinos y amazónicos, y es tomado como objetivo central de la política pública del Estado. Este artículo propone una introducción a la comprensión del concepto de buen vivir desde la visión del pueblo afroecuatoriano, que bien pudiera llamarse Ubuntu.
Módulo didáctico para controlar nivel y caudal de agua, mediante sistema SCADA, PLC y algoritmo PID
Authors: Cedeño Rogger Andrade
Published: December 2021

In this project, design and construction of an educational module has been carry out, allowing understand in a practical way, the concepts related to: control system, instrumentation, actuator, programmable logic controller, SCADA system and control algorithm. Module’s principal components are main tank, reserve tank, piping system, fittings, differential pressure transducer, turbine flowmeter, rotameter, control valve, solenoid valves, servovalve, centrifugal pump, PLC and a personal computer (PC). With this, automatic flow and water level control were achieve, through the implementation of a PID control algorithm. In the end, operation tests have been perform, generating changes in set point, and generating disturbances, to observe the response of the process and assess the control system.

 

Keywords — control system, instrumentation, flow control, level control, PLC, SCADA, PID controller
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMART HOME HEATING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Polyakov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the issues of modeling and management of residential building heating systems. A heating system stand has been created for testing the proposed automation systems. The description of the hydraulic, electrical and software parts of the stand is given. To control the work of the stand, a controller implemented on the Arduino platform is proposed. The results of experi-mental studies are presented.
EFFECT OF SPACE SPACE FACTORS ON CMOS TECHNOLOGY CHIP
Authors: Zhuravleva I.
Published: December 2021

The resistance of the IC to all kinds of radiation is established by various types of integrated circuits with a characteristic structure, the criteria of which are allowed to record single or multiple transformations. The article considers that a significant influence on the suitability of microcircuits in the situation of exposure to ionizing radiation is manifested not by spatial phenomena in silicon, but by surface effects related to the silicon-dielectric distribution line.
RADIATION EFFECTS IN INTEGRATED CHIPS WHEN EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: Zhuravleva I.
Published: December 2021

In the onboard equipment, components of electronics, which have increased sensitivity to the effects of ionizing radiation are widely used. The transient processes in electronic products are particularly dangerous, associated with an absorbed dose of radiation, leading to functional or irre-versible failures in the operation of onboard systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CIRCUITRY AND CONSTRUCTIVE-TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS FOR COSMIC CHIPS
Authors: Zolnikov V. , Antsiferova V. , Kozyukov Aleksandr , Protopopov G. , Strukov I. , Chubur K. , Zhuravleva I.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the development of adaptive communication and control systems for space and civil purposes to ensure the reliability of operation and increase the accuracy of control. To ensure the resistance of CMOS BIS to ionizing radiation, methods of implementing the isolation unit, the design and technology of working transistors that ensure high stability of their characteris-tics are used.
SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN MICROCIRCUITS IN SPACE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Zolnikov Konstantin , Gromov Yu. , Evdokimova Svetlana , Skvortsova Tatyana , Oksyuta O. , Vikhrova O.
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the circuit engineering and structural-technological basis of new devel-opments of special-purpose microcircuits, the prospects for its development are determined. The complexity of solving the problem is established, which consists in a complex combination and elimination of contradictions of various principles of creating equipment. It is assumed that the particle enters the circuit at a time equal to the beginning of switching. The frequency of the chip is 30 MHz, which corresponds to most of the frequencies that are used in spacecraft.
METHOD OF RECORDING A SIGNAL BY AN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
Authors: Yagodkin A. , Lavlinskiy V. , Antsiferova V. , Tuinov V.
Published: December 2021

The principles of operation of the encephalograph and pulse conversion, as well as the transmission and processing of the signal and the construction of algorithms are considered.
ON THE QUESTION OF EVALUATING THE RELIABILITY OF MICROPROCESSORS
Authors: Evdokimova Svetlana , Wu Yunlong
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the trends in the development of foreign microprocessors for comput-ers. Special attention is paid to a series of high-performance Loongson processors manufactured in China. The reliability indicators of processors and models for calculating the operational failure rate are given.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING TIPPING STABILITY OF A LARGE-LOADED VEHICLE IN CURVED MOVEMENT
Authors: Lisickaya M. , Antsiferova V.
Published: December 2021

The overturning of the vehicle corresponds to such a rise of the propeller above the support-ing surface, at which the roll angle of the frame reaches a limiting value and its further movement in the direction of roll under the action of gravity and inertia becomes irreversible. The main criteria for the stability of vehicles (V) against overturning are the characteristics of its geometric parame-ters and the location of the center of mass, relative to the propeller, which determine the boundaries of its static stability.
Wiedza i światło u Jana Amosa Komeńskiego w "Labiryncie świata i raju serca" i w twórczości Fiodora Dostojewskiego – podobieństwa i różnice
Authors: Wąsowski Mateusz
Published: December 2021

In the works by John Amos Comenius (1592-1670), light often plays a key role in the interpretation of the text. This is related to the philosophy of the Baroque, according to which a person wanders through the metaphorical labyrinth of life and only later, passing through the darkness, can reach the truth. Light in Comenius' works is particularly important for cognition, to which John Amos Comenius devoted a large part of his work, both artistic and pedagogical. Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) in his reflections on the nature of man and God also refers to the biblical interpretation according to which light is closely related to the presence of Christ. Man is faced with a choice between the light and the dark, he is lost in the choice, as if in a baroque world-maze and darkness.
Presentación
Authors: Barrios Alvarado Elvia
Published: December 2021

Es sumamente grato presentar este volumen de la Revista Oficial del Poder Judicial. Órgano de Investigación de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República del Perú, documento que no solo es un registro de datos fácticos y divulgación de reflexiones jurídicas, sino que es la expresión de ideales humanos como la insaciable búsqueda de justicia, libertad, democracia y verdad, con la finalidad de contribuir a la búsqueda de la respuesta más apropiada ante los conflictos puestos bajo la tutela jurisdiccional, y así mantener o restablecer la paz social en armonía con el bien común.
Una tradición de Ricardo Palma o cómo Satanás pierde pleitos por desconocer las reglas de interpretación de los contratos
Authors: Calderón Puertas Carlos
Published: December 2021

El autor —valiéndose de una tradición de Ricardo Palma— examina el vínculo contractual surgido entre un viejo escribano de Lima y el diablo. Explora, previamente, la importancia de Palma en la literatura nacional y recoge otras tradiciones posibles de utilizar, para introducir al lector al mundo del derecho. Luego, dentro de un plano característico del derecho en la literatura, utiliza el texto de Palma para abordar de manera específica el tema de la interpretación contractual, enlazando los acuerdos que surgen de la tradición «Don Dimas de la Tijereta» con el Código Civil peruano.
СУСПІЛЬНА СВІДОМІСТЬ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ МАНІПУЛЯТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Требін М.
Published: December 2021

У статті проаналізовано вплив маніпулятивних технологій на суспільну свідомість. Визначено особливості маніпулятивних технологій: наявність суб’єкта, зацікавленого в маніпулюванні; спрямованість на духовну, психологічну складові людської особистості, суспільну свідомість у цілому; приховування справжніх цілей маніпулятора; наявність широкого арсеналу методів і технологій маніпулювання; вплив не тільки на сферу свідомого, але й на сферу несвідомого; управління ставленням об’єкта маніпуляції до предметів і явищ навколишнього світу в заданому руслі; встановлення контролю над думками, почуттями, поведінкою, стосунками й життєвими установками об’єкта маніпуляції; навмисне спотворення фактів дійсності; деструктивність.

Доведено, що феномен маніпулювання ‑ векторний процес, що здійснюється або безпосередньо, або через ЗМІ. Проаналізовано технології маніпулятивного впливу, їх стратегії, тактики та правила. Виокремлено деякі прийоми маніпулювання суспільною свідомістю: використання стереотипів, які формують уявлення соціального об’єкта у спрощеному схематичному вигляді; підміна імен, назв, насадження штампів і «наклеювання» ярликів; обмін повідомленнями напівправдивого характеру; посилання на чийсь анонімний авторитет, на чиюсь фахову думку; "спіраль замовчування", або маніпуляції з опитуванням громадськості; відволікання уваги на щось незначне; принцип застосування контрастів; створення асоціацій; інформаційна блокада "невигідної" інформації тощо.

Як механізм, що захищає суспільство від деструктивного впливу маніпулятивних технологій, запропоновано метод формування в масовій свідомості своєрідних "фільтрів", що дозволяють розпізнавати маніпуляцію. Цей метод ґрунтується на просвітницько-освітній діяльності: доведення до населення інформації про стратегії, тактики, методи, форми, можливі наслідки як явних, так і прихованих впливів на масову свідомість.
ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ РОЗДУМИ ПРО ПРИРОДУ КОМІЧНОГО
Authors: Рабокоровка Г.
Published: December 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню філософських засад природи комічного. Відправним пунктом аналізу є думка Арістотеля про те, що комічне – це абсолютно необразливий спосіб наслідування "найгірших людей", яке виникло у результаті певної помилки або каліцтва. Автор статті ставить перед собою мету віднайти певну силу (здатність, можливість), яка спроможна породжувати комічне, а також визначити роль суб’єкта та об’єкта у виникненні комічного ефекту. У статі уперше комічне постає не просто як об’єкт філософської рефлексії (у якості загальної категорії естетики або певного елементу сміхової культури), а досліджується у рамках трансцендентальної філософії І. Канта, а саме – розглядається як результат дії трансцендентальної схеми, в основу якої покладено дію продуктивної сили уяви. Доведено, що комічне представляє собою результат певної невідповідності (навмисної або ненавмисної) помилки, яка виникла завдяки порушенню природних умов існування будь-якого предмета або явища. При цьому з необхідністю відбувається розрив між зовнішньою формою предмета та його внутрішнім змістом або сенсом. Тому проблема комічного розглядається, перш за все, як проблема форми, проблема структурування людського досвіду, за допомогою певних механізмів та засобів. Провідну роль тут відіграє робота творчої уяви суб’єкта (трансцендентальна схема, за Кантом), головною функцією якої є довільна регуляція пізнавальних процесів і станів людини, а також створення нового у формі образу, уявлення або ідеї. Аргументовано, що велику роль у створенні комічного ефекту відіграють такі інтелектуальні процедури як дисоціація та асоціація. Констатовано, що перетворення дійсності з метою отримання комічного ефекту, має свої встановленні правила та закономірності, які, зокрема, можуть бути описані завдяки дії таких способів створення комічного як аглютинація та гіперболізація.
ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ ЗАСАДИ НАУКОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ДОСЛІДНОГО ПІДХОДУ
Authors: Свириденко Д. , Ревін Ф.
Published: December 2021

Потяг до розв’язання проблемного положення речей - це природна риса людської пізнавальної складової. Як наслідок, більшість філософських систем і шкіл, бачать власне завдання як у формулюванні особливо складних питань, так і в тому, щоб надати розв'язання (відповіді) таких наріжних загадок як характер реальності, які способи її сприйняття існують і, як наша діяльність взаємопов'язана в рамках цієї реальності. Відповідно, автори даної статті розглядають мету поточного досліду в роз'ясненні ряду взаємозалежних (філософських та інших) аспектів методології викладання заснованої на проблемному підході, що слугує альтернативою більш традиційним, дидактичним способам отримання інформації та формування знань. Останні, на нашу думку, часто виявляються контрпродуктивними щодо дійсно Сократичного методу, що лежить в основі як конвенційних, так і прогресивних освітніх підходів. Зокрема, на відміну від переважно механічного накопичення та поширення, що переважають у методології консервативної освіти, навчання, засноване на дослідженні, забезпечує необхідні засоби для досягнення плідної функціональної педагогічної діалектики, що дозволяє учням об'єднати кваліфікований інструктаж викладача з поглибленою самореалізацією. Таким чином, при правильному підході метод навчання шляхом відкриття допомагає педагогу домогтися вироблення навчального плану, який містить комплекс завдань, що базуються на реальних проблемних ситуаціях, культивує підхід до активного нарощування знань, коли від студентів вимагається проаналізувавши актуальну проблему розробити ефективні шляхи її вирішення, як самостійно, так і взаємодіючи спільно в групі. Автори глибоко переконані, що впровадження і цільове використання подібних і інших схожих стратегій в рамках освітнього процесу, має ряд виражених переваг в порівнянні з більш консервативними методиками навчання. Зокрема, в рамках критично-дослідної парадигми учні здатні збагатити не тільки тематичні (предметні) знання, але, (що і є відмінною рисоюз прагматичної точки зору) укоренити пізнавальні навички та прагнення до нарощування постійно удосконалюючихся навчальних компетенцій.
Operatoria dental y endodoncia: técnicas y materiales. Anestesia.
Authors: Bonilla Represa María Victoria , Herrera Martínez Manuela , Barrera Mora José María , Cordero Bulnes María del Águila , Ábalos Labruzzi Camilo Manuel
Published: December 2021

En este vídeo se hace un repaso de todas las técnicas de anestesia que se pueden emplear en los tratamientos de operatoria dental y endodoncia, así como de las maniobras previas a tener en cuenta a la hora de la colocación de una anestesia local infiltrativa para que resulte eficaz, segura y lo menos dolorosa posible.

La inyección de anestesia es un paso previo fundamental a la hora de abordar cualquier tipo de tratamiento dental. Por este motivo es necesario tener un claro conocimiento de dónde, cuándo y cómo debemos de realizar las diferentes técnicas de anestesias.
Operatoria dental y endodoncia: técnicas y materiales. Amalgama de plata. Cavidad de clase II.
Authors: Bonilla Represa María Victoria , Ábalos Labruzzi Camilo Manuel , Guerrero Belizón Elena , Herrera Martínez Manuela
Published: December 2021

En este vídeo se describen los pasos a seguir para el tallado de una cavidad de clase II situada en la superficie proximal de un molar y su posterior obturación con amalgama de plata, haciendo hincapié en los requisitos planimétrico que debe tener la cavidad para conseguir un obturación resistente y duradera, evitando tanto el debilitamiento excesivo del diente así como el del material. Se describirá también el empleo de matrices y cuñas apropiadas para la reproducción de un correcto punto de contacto es como de un reborde marginal funcional.

La amalgama de plata es un material con unas grandes propiedades mecánicas y un excelente comportamiento clínico. A pesar de su bajo nivel de estética y su potencial toxicidad medioambiental, sigue siendo un material versátil y con aplicaciones clínicas claras que pueden ser necesarias en ciertas circunstancias clínicas. Por este motivo es importante conocer su comportamiento, indicaciones, manejo, y técnicas de utilización.
DE LA VENERACIÓN DE LOS RESTOS AL CULTO DE LA NACIÓN:LA CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE LA NOCIÓN DE “RELIQUIA HISTÓRICA” EN LA ARGENTINA DEL SIGLO XIX.
Authors: Blasco Maria Elida
Published: December 2021

El artículo reconstruye los contextos en los cuales el imaginario colectivo comenzó a asociar una serie de objetos relacionados con los llamados “héroes de la Independencia” con la noción de “reliquia” forjando un nuevo uso de ella. Retomando y adaptando la tradición cristiana de venerar “restos” que se consideraba que habían  tenido contacto con el cuerpo o la sangre de Cristo o de los santos, durante el siglo XIX argentino y latinoamericano los de algunas figuras políticas pasaron a ser consideradas “reliquias históricas” y por lo tanto objetos de exaltación por haber pertenecido a los “héroes” y “mártires” de la Nación. A partir de ellos conjeturamos que la dirigencia liberal instituyó el culto cívico a la nación yuxtaponiendo el valor histórico con repertorios del martirio cristiano, el culto a los muertos y la devoción a sus reliquias.
OSTENTACIÓN MATERIAL DE LA ÉLITE MERCANTIL DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE. MECANISMOS DE CONSOLIDACIÓN Y COHESIÓN DE UN GRUPO PRIVILEGIADO. 1716-1800.
Authors: Murillo Gordon Ara Inmaculada
Published: December 2021

Formar parte de la élite en el Antiguo Régimen implicaba demostrar la posesión de capital económico, además de que sus iguales y el resto de la sociedad los reconociera como tales, siendo por tanto acreedores de capital simbólico, lo que se manifestaba mediante la ostentación. En este artículo nos centraremos en las expresiones materiales de la élite mercantil santiaguina a lo largo del siglo XVIII a través del análisis de los documentos que reflejaban los hitos de una vida, tales como dotes matrimoniales, testamentos, inventarios … observaremos con ello su acceso a bienes de consumo de lujo, lo que nos muestra la posición privilegiada en la sociedad y sus conexiones en los circuitos comerciales globales.