bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En sti er en sti – eller? Udvalgte resultater fra projektet Rum og rammer for aktivt udeliv
Authors: Arvidsen Jan , Dalgaard Karen , Andkjær Søren
Published: February 2018

Research indicates that physical surroundings and outdoor facilities have an impact on peoples active outdoor recreation. Most research however has a quantitative approach, and there seems to be a lack of research and knowledge regarding people’s preferences and experiences of places related to their activity and their motives for being active in the outdoors. The study Rum og rammer for aktivt udeliv [Spaces for Active Outdoor Recreation]intends to study specific places and analyse how and why these places correspond to motives and needs from selected groups of users. Methods are case studies using observation and qualitative interviews. In this article we present selected results regarding motives for outdoor recreation and meanings and implications of paths to mountain bikers and runners. Results show both important differences and similarities with regard to motives and to meanings and implications of paths between mountain bikers and runners. The study underlines the importance of taking a qualitative approach looking at specific places and specific groups. It gives valuable knowledge to be used in planning and designing for active outdoor recreation with perspectives to improving people’s health and quality of life.
En god (om)vej til mere rekreativ fysisk aktivitet i hverdagen
Authors: Troelsen Jens , Pawlowski Charlotte Skau
Published: February 2018

A circuitous way to more recreational physical activityBackground: The scientific evidence available supports the overall conclusion that sedentary behavior is a threat to public health. The population in the western societies is far from meeting the global guidelines for physical activity (PA). However, supportive built environment for PA has proven to be way to prevent the incidence of physical inactivity. The Danish intervention study “En God Omvej” was initiated to investigate how the construction of different types of activating facilities influences PA behavior in a local arena. The knowledge gained will help understand how to optimize development of physical interventions to promote recreational PA. Levels of recreational PA are primarily associated with motivation, timing, and physical, mental and social resources. The built environment has a vital part to play in encouraging and supporting healthy active living. The “En God Omvej” study has shown the importance of accessible locations, simple functionality and maintenance. These aspects must be prioritized in planning, especially with the ambition to attract and sustain a regular, everyday use. For more in-depth knowledge studies identifying facilitators and barriers related to recreational PA are important in the effort to develop activating facilities in interaction with the specific location and the local residents.
Driftsformer og idrætsfaciliteter – hvordan åbnes den “sorte boks”?
Authors: Iversen Evald Bundgaard
Published: February 2018

Organizational behavioural patterns of Sport FacilitiesThis article develops hypotheses on how different steering methods influence patterns of action in Sport Facilities. It is firstly argued that the sport facility run by the City Council seen from a normative institutional perspective will focus on other user groups than those who use the facility today. This is due to an increased focus from the City Council on Sport for All. Secondly, from a rational institutional perspective, the sport facility run by the City Council will keep focus on existing users and public welfare institutions due the transaction costs of focusing on new users. Thirdly, private nonprofit sport facilities seen from a normative institutional approach might focus on existing users due to a ‘logic of appropriateness’ established between the users and the sport facility. Finally, seen from a rational institutional perspective on non-profit private sport facilities, the hypothesis is that they will have an increased focus on attracting more activity to the sport facility as they will benefit economically. Which of these hypotheses that is most valid is an empirical question that needs to be tested in additional studies.
Analyse af adfærd i idrætsfaciliteter
Authors: Gade Rikke , Christensen Cecilie Breinholm , Krogh Rasmus , Moeslund Thomas B. , Harder Henrik
Published: February 2018

Analysis of Behaviour in Sports FacilitiesThis article builds upon existing research at Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University. It deals with research based methods and technologies for analysing behaviour in sports facilities. There is a need to study how existing and new sports facilities can be optimised in accordance with the more individualised and varied practice of sports today. Tracking technologies, such as RFID-technology and thermal video analysis, give the possibility to gain knowledge on the use of indoor sports facilities by tracking movements and positions of people in time and space. In combination with more qualitative methods and existing theory it is possible to gain an understanding of the relation between social and spatial aspects of sports facilities, and thereby to analyse actual behaviour in sports facilities. On a practical level, such analyses can be used as input for improvements in terms of administration and design of sports facilities, as well as in sports training and coaching. On a research level, such analyses can be applied in further development of the methods and technologies presented here, as well as in further research of both the spatial and social aspects of sports and sports facilities.
Heroisme i sten? Arkitektur, ny kunst og ideologi på Gymnastikhøjskolen i Ollerup
Authors: Bonde Hans
Published: February 2018

Heroism in Stone? Architecture, New Art and Ideology at the Gymnastics Academy in OllerupIn the period from 1920 to 1926 the internationally renowned gymnastics pedagogue, Niels Bukh, created a huge neoclassical inspired sports complex that completely broke with the dimensions of the small South Funen village of Ollerup. In 2007, a donation from the New Carlsberg Foundation opened up for the introduction of new artworks on the gymnastics school. The artists argued that Bukh’s “heroism” demanded an aesthetic counterpart. The article follows two main tracks: 1) Do the original art and architecture of Bukh’s gymnastics high school express authoritarian-heroic traits? 2) Can the new art on Ollerup be said to create a response to such alleged heroic aspects? The conclusion is that the traditional architecture and art at Ollerup contain only vague and tentative signs of “heroism.” The new artists that attempt to create a counterweight to Bukh heroism lands in the paradox that they themselves have built a much more faceless and soaring art than Bukh and his democratically oriented architect, Ejnar Mindedal, had originally established. At the same time, the new artists have moved around with statues and sculptures in such a way that the school’s fine sexual-aesthetic axis opposing feminine and masculine, heterosexual and homosexual, and internal and external, have been lost.
En fabel om idrætten i Aalborg
Authors: Topholm Jens
Published: February 2018

Anmeldelse af „Idræt i Aalborg gennem hundrede år".Forfatter, Eivind SamuelsenUdgivet af Samvirkende Idræts-Foreninger i Aalborg (SIFA)
Mål eller kaos? - Muligheder og begrænsning i at indføre "performance management" i danske idrætsfaciliteter
Authors: Iversen Evald Bundgaard , Forsberg Peter
Published: February 2018

Mål eller kaos? Muligheder og begrænsninger i at indføre ‘performance management’ i danske idrætsfaciliteter (Pros and cons of implementing performance management in Danish sport facilities)Many sport facilities in Denmark are heavily subsidised by city councils. But even though they drain the public purse, there has been little focus on performance management within this policy area. This article discusses the drawbacks and advantages of using different output indicators to measure how much sport facilities are used and how active the different user groups are. The analysis is primarily based on data collected in 56 multifunctional sport halls (800m2) in five Danish City Councils in the period from 2012-2014. The data indicates that different sports utilise the sport hall differently. For example, tennis has fewer users than dance and on average soccer use more of the ‘field of play’ than badminton. How such performance information is used depend on what the political aim of the sport facility is. On one side it makes it possible to prioritise between different user groups in order to increase how much of the facility is used and by how many. However, perverse effects are a risk and increased focus on for example number of users might decrease the level of physical activity. The analysis of this data is a first example of how indicators can be used to discuss the consequences of introducing performance management in the policy area of sport facilities.
Planlægning af motion- og idrætsanlæg med brug af evidens
Authors: Hjort Mikkel
Published: February 2018

Planlægning af motion- og idrætsanlæg med brug af evidens (Planning of sport and recreational schemes with implementation of evidence)The general health of the Danish population has over the last decades been an important topic in Denmark, and the subject is not getting less important, as the development of lifestyle diseases continues to increase. This increasing public emphasis on general health is reflected also in contemporary architecture, where new projects and construction plans within cultural and sport schemes often have great visions to improve the general health conditions in the population today. Traditional methods are often used in the process of development, and therefore the question is if the visions can be accomplished in new schemes? Evidence is described as the missing tool before architecture can evolve in response to the present conditions. There are many ways to assemble evidence. Some examples include evaluation of projects, data collection or research in other disciplines, such as sociology, health sciences and natural sciences. Scientists have put focus to the lack of connection between the operating architects and the academic environment at the university, and the book Design Informed points out that there is no use of evidence in the process of planning today. Therefore the newest research does not reach the operating architects and new projects are designed using traditional methods. The purpose of this article is to discuss different methods to secure that the newest evidence; research and knowledge from other sciences are transferred and used in the planning of new projects involving sport and recreation.
Talentudvikling: Erfaringer fra et talentudviklingsmiljø med fokus på skolegang og sportslig udvikling
Authors: Sørensen Jesper , Hauge Jesper , Wienecke Jacob
Published: February 2018

50 timers ugentligt skolearbejde, er hvad gymnasierne forventer af deres elever, når både den skemalagte undervisning og hjemmearbejdet regnes med. For mange unge elite-atleter kan denne arbejdsbelastning være svær at få til at gå op med en træningsuge, der ofte beslaglægger mere end 20 timer, når alle typer af træning tælles med. At mange af talenterne tilmed må transportere sig langt mellem hjem, skole og træning gør bare ondt værre, og de unge eliteudøvere stilles derfor ofte overfor valget: Skal jeg passe min skole eller min træning?For at imødegå denne problematik etableredes for mere end tyve år siden Team Danmark-ordningen, der på udvalgte gymnasier, giver idrætstalentfulde gymnasielever mulighed for at strække uddannelsen over fire år i stedet for tre. Men er det ekstra år nødvendigt, eller kan det have utilsigtede konsekvenser for eleverne at forlænge skoletiden? Er der alternativer til den fireårige TD-ordning? Denne artikel beskriver oprettelsen og udviklingen af talentudviklingsmiljøet på Stenhus Gymnasium i Holbæk og belyser, hvordan spillerne på Stenhus Basketball College udvikler deres talent uden at gå på kompromis i deres valg af ungdomsuddannelse.
Arbejdshukommelsens indvirkning på motorisk læring
Authors: Wienecke Jacob
Published: February 2018

Enhver idrætsunderviser kan forevise og beskrive et volleyballfingerslag, og mange kan begrunde, hvorfor bevægelsen er, som den er. Men kan lige så mange undervisere forklare, hvordan arbejdshukommelsen bidrager i indlæringsfasen af den motoriske færdighed?
Underviserens evner bygger ofte på erfaringen - hvilket er godt. Udfordringen er, at det tager lang tid at oparbejde erfaringen. Måske kan man tage nogle kvantespring på ”forbedringsstigen” ved at have lidt mere teoretisk-praktisk viden om nogle af de bagvedliggende mekanismer.
Denne artikel vil derfor fokusere på arbejdshukommelsens indvirkning på motorisk indlæring. Yderligere læsning kan findes i den nye undervisningsbog Boldspil og motorisk indlæring (Wienecke, 2015).
Instruktør eller underviser? En analyse af kompetencemålsprøven i undervisningsfaget ”Idræt” på Læreruddannelsen i Danmark
Authors: Bertelsen Katrine , Knudsen Martin Elmbæk
Published: February 2018

En evaluering af læreruddannelsen dokumenterer, at uddannelsens kompetencemålsprøver bør videreudvikles for bedre at kunne ”vurdere om den studerende demonstrerer undervisningskompetence i det pågældende fag i folkeskolen”.

Forskning har vist, at idrætslæreruddannelse i vesten handler om atblive en kompetent atlet, hvilket bringer den studerendes egne bevægelsesfærdigheder i fokus. Derfor analyserer dette studie, om kompetencemålsprøven i idræt vurderer de studerendes undervisningskompetence, eller om det, som i andre lande, er den studerendes bevægelsesfærdigheder, som er i fokus.
Gymnastikminder
Authors: Olsen Helge
Published: February 2018

En beretning om gymnastikken i sognet.
Fra Crystal Palace til Athen. OL og verdensudstillingerne
Authors: Hansen Jørn
Published: February 2018

Behandling af de olympiske lege som et tidstypisk fænomen som en del af det 19. århundredes idrætsbevægelse.
Sport, frihed og lighed. Pierre de Coubertin og olympismen
Authors: Jespersen Ejgil
Published: February 2018

Artiklen portrætterer de moderne olympiske leges grundlægger Pierre de Coubertin.
Olympiske Lege - et forhindringsløb for kvinder
Authors: Trangbæk Else
Published: February 2018

Artiklen belyser kvinders udfordringer og forhindringer ved at deltage i de olympiske lege fra år 1900 og opefter og diskutere blandt andet brug af kønstest; den såkaldte sex-chromantin test.
De danske Gymnastik- og idrætshøjskoler
Authors: Worm Ole
Published: February 2018

Artiklen anskuer de danske højskolers private organisering, fælles idégrundlag og interessekonflikter og ser på forholdet mellem gymnastik, idræt, sport og aktivitet.
Jubilæer, »folkelighed« og teorier. Litteraturorientering og bibliografi
Authors: Hansen Jørn , Nielsen Niels Kayser
Published: February 2018

Litteraturorientering.
Fatter Bukh og den primitive! Studier i Niels Bukh og hans gymnastik
Authors: Jeppesen Paw Stylsvig
Published: February 2018

Redegørelse af Bukhs gymnastiske principper, deres virken på legemet og hans syn på lederroller, som det kom til udtryk i årene 1912-1950.
Erna Juel-Hansen. En skitse til forståelse af den fysiologiske identitets betydning for det hele menneske.
Authors: Trangbæk Else
Published: February 2018

En kort biografi om Erna Juel-Hansen (1845-1922) med særligt fokus på hendes tilgang til (kvinde)kroppen og dens betydning for menneskets liv og velvære.
Steder med appel
Authors: Bale John , Nagbøl Søren
Published: February 2018

Artiklen beskriver forfatternes rejse i England i billeder og tekst.
Rum, sted, landskab og sport - Anglo-nordisk seminar i Keele om nye retninger i sportsgeografien
Authors: Eichberg Henning
Published: February 2018

Beretning fra Anglo-nordisk seminar i Keele om nye retninger i sportsgeografien.
Kvalificer din ergoterapi - Udvikling af terapeutisk stil og relation ved hjælp af "Intentional Relationship Model"
Authors: Decker Lone , Hansen Henrik
Published: February 2018

Intentional Relationship Model (IRM) er en begrebsmæssig model, som redegør for terapeutisk anvendelse af selvet i en ergoterapeutisk intervention. Som ergoterapeut får man via modellen anvisninger på, hvilke handlemuligheder og konkrete interpersonelle færdigheder, der kan anvendes til at fremme klienters aktivitetsengagement. I artiklen bliver modellens elementer gennemgået, og forfatterne af artiklen har suppleret med forslag til psykologisk litteratur, som kan understøtte de enkelte dele i modellen.
Eskatologien i tidlig romersk kejsertid
Authors: Mathiassen Svend Erik
Published: February 2018

The so-called Messianic thought in Virgil has often been a matter of discussion. This article stresses certain aspects of this thought, namely its eschatological and soteriological implications: The primitivistic conception of the remote past as a Golden Age, exhibited in a majority of writers in classical antiquity since Hesiod, runs forth to the time of early imperial Rome. By the Augustan poets, however, especially Virgil and Horace, the idea of world-ages is presented in a new version. Virgil claims the reappearance of the Golden Age and Augustus, whose reign in the Aeneid is closely connected with the myth of Saturn as a culture-hero, is regarded as a savior, who rescued the Roman citizens from the plague of civil wars. Moreover, as asserted by Virgil, the cyclic recurrence of world-ages has come to an end. This idea must be considered as the fulfillment of an eschatology and thus, from a typological point of view, as fundamentally identical with the corresponding Christian conception of the eschatology as a present state.
Kierkegaard om tiden og det timelige
Authors: Wegener Mogens
Published: February 2018

This paper offers a discussion of the notions of time and temporality in Kierkegaard based on two of his major works, “Philosophical Fragments” and “The Concept of Dread”. After a general introduction to the status of the two notions within the pseudonymous authorship as a whole, two interesting theses are made the object of further inquiry: (1) the thesis of the mind-dependency of temporality proper and (2) the thesis of the revocability of the past as a precondition of the possibility of repentance. As regards the first thesis it is argued that it should be understood within the context of the distinction between natural time which is infinite succession and human temporality which is characterized by the triad of past, present & future: whereas natural time is objective, human temporality is subjective. But to Kierkegaard, subjectivity is truth; and the ultimate aim & goal of spirit (which is a synthesis of body & soul) is to transcend nature in the unique moment of decision = devotion (that moment which is in itself a synthesis of temporality & eternity). Therefore, from the point of view of the existing thinker, it is subjective time which is real whereas objective time is an illusion. As regards the second thesis it is argued that although Kierkegaard opposes the Hegelian view that the contingent becomes necessary by its receding into the past, he does not thereby deny that the past is, in a certain sense, unchangeable (for if it was not, either there would be nothing to repent, or the subjective truth of repenting & forgiving might also be an illusion; but that is truly absurd). In fact, my main point is that although Kierkegaard denies the possibility of imposing motion onto logic, his very own reflections concerning the dialectics of being and existence make an important contribution to a new logic of time and motion in time.
Høygud og kulturbringer - til Werner Müllers forståelse av de sentrale skogindianeres religioner
Authors: Breivik Nils Olav
Published: February 2018

Werner Müller is one of the leading European scholars on North American Indian religions, with numerous, albeit somewhat controversial, works, primarily in German. According to Müller, the Indian Supreme God and Culture Hero, which is the topic of this paper, both have a cosmic structure. The Supreme God simply is the cosmos itself, integrating man and cosmos in total unity. In the figure of the Culture Hero, the focus in on man’s individuality within cosmos, but also transcending it. Consequently, Müller finds that the Supreme God and the Culture Hero represent different types of religiosity in Indian life. This is clearly seen in the Central Woodland area. This area brings to the fore primary creative forces in North American Indian religions, thereby also illustrating the underlying structures of Indian mentality. Müller’s strong focus on the irrational and pictorial character of Indian mentality brings him in opposition to dominant anthropological theories, but nevertheless deserves reconsideration for further development of research.
Genese og diegese - et problem i den almene narratologi
Authors: Brandt Per Aage
Published: February 2018

The author proposes a structural distinction between the petits récits and the grands récits (according to Lyotard), between binary and trivial narrativity, on one hand, and bifurcational and fatal narrativity, on the other: reversibility vs. irreversibility. The ontological implications of the two types are distinct, and philosophy should be aware of this categorical difference; narrative theology and “theo-semiotics” in general must do it, if the analysis is correct, as this development of actantial schematism makes it possible to represent, for the first time, a dynamic structure which could be called the geometry of religious meaning.
Ægishiálmr - den islandske 1600-tals magi mellem tegn og blik
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik
Published: February 2018

The first part of the article presents a line of evolution in recent theory of magic. Marcel Mauss criticizes the earlier theories of J. G. Frazer and A. Lehmann for psychologization and for not viewing magic as an autonomous sociological fact. He consequently poses his own theory that magic is every rite which is coded as abnormal. The magic rite needs a pre-classified universe, from which it can select the single features within the objects in the rite: the rite is hence a linguistic act whose predominant trait is the magic purpose, which determines the other magic elements – that is, the magician, t he magic objects and the magic representations. Finally, he states, the efficacy of magic relies on its status as a sociological fact – the magician fools himself, because the very a priori of magic is that his audience believes it and demands results. Claude Lévi-Strauss – the founding father of structural anthropology – uses these Maussian descriptions as a central prerequisite for his own linguistically inspired interpretation of magic. To Lévi-Strauss, magic has a certain function on primitive and other societies, its role is to heal the weaknesses in the symbolic system of the society. While curing a patient with a strange symptom, the shaman at the same time cures a lack in the social system of understanding. Whilst the understanding of the universe in a given system of symbols is always too small, the various stock of materials of expression in magic are always legio. Thus magic is a central sociological act giving significant to the places of lacking signifiés in the symbolic systems. And the central feature becomes the analogy to what phonology calls the zero phoneme – the symbolic representation of this very magic transport of meaning, as in the Melanese mana meaning simply meaning with no further specification.The second part of the article localizes an Icelandic Sorcery Book dating from ca. 1600 in its historical context and then sets out to analyze it within the tradition sketched above. It contains two main trends of magic one – very often with a Christian background – protecting against the assaults of illness, wrath, and previous magic; and another, more active trend, supporting various egoistic purposes of the user: causing the diseases mentioned above, seducing women, etc. – very often with a more mixed and heathen background. While the former are often imperfective – one must always do this and that – the letter are perfective – one must all of a sudden act. These second forms of magic are often connected with the gaze as the main medium of active sorcery, and some of the ægishiálmr “helmets of fear”, in the book are analyzed as takers of this magic gaze. Other magic signs in the book are composed of runes, and some of these could also be read in this context, using the medieval names of the runes. The article concludes that the gaze could be the specific representation of the mana of the Mauss - Lévi-Strauss tradition in medieval Icelandic magic.
Hellenismen i Ægypten
Authors: Giversen Søren
Published: February 2018

The strong Greek influence on cultural development in Ptolemaic Egypt during the reign of the first kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty was later partly substituted by a stronger Egyptian influence. This is hown with examples from selected areas such as language, calendar, law, administration, communication and religious matters.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Davidsen Ole , Jensen Hans J. Lundager , Larsen Bent , Steensgaard Peter P. , Wind H. C.
Published: February 2018

n/a
Islam på dansk
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding
Published: February 2018

Review-artikel om udgivelser på dansk 1989-1991 omhandlende islam på den ene eller den anden måde.
Manikæerne i Ægypten
Authors: Pedersen Nils Arne
Published: February 2018

The first part of this article contains a short overview of Manichean doctrine, ethics, history and literature in Egypt. The second part of the article deals with relations between Manichaeism and other religions in Egypt. The fundamental Manichaeism concept of other religions was that they were false, although they originally contained revelations of partial truth; their cores of truth have, however, been absorbed by Manichaeism. Furthermore, non-Manichaean religions were geographically and linguistically restricted, while Manichaeism was a universalist religion, being the final revelation of history. Consequently, the Manichees in Egypt tried to absorb previous traditions. The anti-Manichaean writing of the Neo-Platonist philosopher Alexander of Lycopolis testifies that Manichees tried to absorb pagan Hellenistic traditions in order to convert educated Greek-speaking Egyptians. The most important Manichaean mission was, however, directed towards the members of the Christian Church, and several anti-Manichaean Christians´writings from Egypt are preserved. If Ludwig Koenen's hypothesis that the "coenobitic" Christian monastery was inspired by Manichaean monasteries is accepted, the Manichees were even able to inspire their Christian competitors.
Religionsantropologi: spørgsmålet om tro og viden
Authors: Overing Joanna
Published: February 2018

The discussion focuses upon a debate in anthropology over the use of the labels "belief" and "knowledge" in the translation of indigenous (religious) propositions about the cosmos. It is suggested that the words we choose in describing indigenous meaning have political implications about which we today cannot be naïve. Besides the issue of "the politics of semantics" which the use of these constructs raise, they can also imply judgments that are specific to Modernist Western concerns. without Awareness of the particularity of such valuations, about for instance judgments of Truth and the Real, their use can lead to distorted translations of idigenous meaning. It is suggested that Nelson Goodman's work, Ways of Worldmaking, is an excellent antidote to the fallacy of understanding the contrast between indigenous and (scientific) Western thought as that of belief and knowledge. The Piaroas in the Amazon, and especially the healing songs of their shamans, are used as a case study in the discussion.
Den samfundsskabte verdensundergang
Authors: Geertz Armin W.
Published: February 2018

Svar på en kritik
Religion og historie på Balkan
Authors: Riis Carsten
Published: February 2018

The article gives a survey of selections from recent literature and a few older, classic works on the history of the religions, i.e. Christianity, Islam and Judaism in the Balkans (except Turkey). the article puts a special emphasis on literature dealing with the connection between the religions and the political and social history. This is followed by a comment on national mythologies in the Balkans and an interoduction to the literature on the history of this region. the conclusion evaluates the role of the religions in the present Balkan conflicts; t he religions are not curcial and the conflicts are not religious wars but because of the importance of religion in ethnic classification, the religions become parts of the nationalist power game.
Fryd og hverdag
Authors: Tybjerg Tove
Published: February 2018

In the article, the Danish historian of religion, Velhelm Grønbech, is compared and contrasted with his elder contemporary, the German sociologist of religion Max Weber. They both took a critical view of the developments of Western culture; they both emphasized the vital importance of religion to tthese developments, and they both took a hermeneutical approach to the study of religion. However, they were very different in their methodological attitudes. Unlike Grønbech, Weber devoted considerable effort to reflections on method, and this article is intended as an introduction to these reflections.
Og Gud sagde til Abraham
Authors: Davidsen Ole
Published: February 2018

Covenant, circumcision and sacrifice in the Abraham story are analysed, especially as articulated in the raltionship between God, Abraham and Isaac. Two texts are particularly in focus, Gen  and17 Gen 22:1-19, concerning the initiation of Abraham as covenantal servant, the covenant as a series of events related to a reciprocal structure of exchange, and the connection between initiation, circumcision and sacrifice. The stories of P and JE about the miraculous birth of Isaac are almost the same, but differ on a certain point. Where P recounts the circumcision of Isaac, JE tells the story about his sacrifice, and it is shown how the sacrificial narrative functions as the basic myth for an understanding of circumcision. Introducing the jewish Aqedah-tradition and tis connections with the understanding of the death of Jesus in New Testament, it is demonstrated how the relationship between sacrifice and circumcision in the Abraham story in a displaced manner is repeated in the relationship between sacrifice and baptism in the Jesus story.
Renhed og urenhed i singhalesisk folkereligion
Authors: Andersen Grethe Schmidt
Published: February 2018

The article introduces notions of ritual impurity in Sinhalese culture and examines why conditions of impurity specially influence certain lower local gods and demons. The Sinhalese pantheon is based on a principle of hierarchy, with an opposition of high and low that corresponds to notions of purity and impurity determined by the ultimate Buddhist goal - the attainment of Nirvana. Two ritually important concepts of impurity and pollution are introduced: pilikul and killa, which are connected with special items of food and phases (menstruation, birth and death). These concepts of impurity have importance in the ritual meeting between man, gods and demons, but they are not corresponding to the moral concepts of purity in the pantheon, and it seems that the lower gods are more influenced by impurity than the higher gods. Impurity is connected with the exchange between nature and culture and articulates the danger of potential disorder between the two areas. The local  gods, who are responsible for fertility, are situated in a vulnerable but dynamic position in the panthon, where the exchange between high and low, pure and impure takes place, and where divine power may change into the demonic and vice versa. The local gods are both dangerous and necessary: dangerous because they represent potential disorder and necessary because they are the dynamics of the exchange.The ritual handling of impurity articulates the borderline of purity/fertility and impurity/fertility and maintains dynamics of transformation and order.
Renhed og urenhed i zarathustrismen
Authors: Sand Erik Reenberg
Published: February 2018

This paper deals with the relation between the pure and the impure in the late Avestan text Vendīdād. It is shown how, in this religion, there is an almost exact correlation between the cosmic dualism between the good creation of Ahura Mazdā and the evil creation of Angra Mainyu and the pure and the impure. The world is thus split up between the good and the pure beings on the one hand and the evil and the impure on the other. Between these stands man, on the one side good by origin, but on the other struck by evil in the form of death, his main task being to fight impurity and evil in order to make possible the renewal of the original good creation. Finally, the Zoroastrian cosmology and pollution concepts are compared with the typologies presented by Mary Douglás, and it is concluded that, in spite of some drawbacks of her theory, the Zoroastrian material seems to point to her "small group" typology.
New Age og det senmodernes samfundsstruktur
Authors: Bjerre Jørn
Published: February 2018

The Article confronts the problem of the New Age movement from the angle of Niklas Luhmann's theory of society; it proposes a correlation between the development of late-modern society and the popularity of the New Age type of knowledge. The understanding of late modern functionally differentiated societies' production of risk, contingency and complexity could be an important factor in grasping the reason for the rise of the New Age movement in a secular era.
Om historiefagets videnskabelighed
Authors: Busck Steen
Published: February 2018

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Disputats om det Osmanniske herredømme på Balkan
Authors: Bilde Per , Riis Carsten , Svane Gunnar
Published: February 2018

Oppositioner og svar fra forsvarshandling.
Det religiøse nulpunkt
Authors: Sørensen Jørgen Podemann
Published: February 2018

Taking its point of departure in Frits Staal’s theory of ritual as a pure, meaningless activity, this paper identifies and further develops a somewhat similar, but more sophisticated Andamanese theory of ritual as an activity formally situated in point zero and, with a classical Daoist expression, “dealing with things in their state of not yet being.” This theory unites the formal aspects of existing theories of myth and ritual and rites of passage and permits an analytically important distinction between the situating and productive elements of ritual.
Synkretisme: En analyse af illegitime blandinger og tredje-identiteter
Authors: Leopold Anita Maria
Published: February 2018

On the basis of the notion of syncretism this article discusses the issues of constructing new religious identities in the history of Christian mission. ‘Syncretism’ represents one of the more controversial categories in the study of religion that have been exposed to solid scholarly critic, partly because of the notion’s problematic situation in the history of Christian mission. In spite of the problems of definition ‘syncretism’ may function as a ‘composite notion’ to analyse 1) the scholarly discourses of the notion 2) the issues of the phenomenon concerning the formation of new religious identities that emerge from ‘the blending of religion’ in the encounters of cultures. But to approach or rethink the issues of the notion anew we must look for new theoretical groundings. This article suggests Harvey Whitehouse’s theory of distinct modes of religiosity, an ‘imagistic’ and a ‘doctrinal,’ based on Melanesian ethnography, which combines theories on memory from the field of cognitive science with theories on the organisation of social and political systems in religion. By application of the theory to ‘syncretism’ identified as a type of innovation of identity, and to examples from Christian mission-history, it is suggested that the different modes of religiosity have influenced both the different forms of codification and the innovation of religious identities inside Christian communities.
Hvem er Abrahams barn?
Authors: Seim Turid Karlsen
Published: February 2018

The article, “Who are the Children of Abraham? Reflections on Identity and Hybridisation in Hellenistic Judaism”, explores how a core set of terms in the discourse about Jewishness in Antiquity is being renegotiated in various ways by Jews as well as Christians. This happens in a Diaspora context where the redefining of boundaries and identity markers was especially urgent not only in situations of conflict but also in everyday life. Special attention is given to 4 Maccabees, a 1 century CE Jewish martyrology.
Identitetsdannelse i de første kristne menigheder
Authors: Hjort Birgitte Graakjær
Published: February 2018

The forming of social identity is a process by which the common identifications of an ingroup, which provide members with a sense of belongingness, are being compared with and differentiated from relevant outgroups. Theories within social anthropology and group psychology contribute to explain this process and the functions of its complex interplay between similarities and differences. The making of comparisons  becomes a competitive act of differentiation, the purpose of which is to achieve or maintain values of the ingroup that are held superior to those of the relevant outgroups. The dispute of the letter to the Galatians is an example of the process and its social competition strategy.
Kulturmøder i cyberspace
Authors: Højsgaard Morten Thomsen
Published: February 2018

This article deals with cultural encounters in cyberspace from a theoretical as well as an empirical point of view. It is argued that cultural encounters can be seen as (i) relations of varying intensity, (ii) encounters between individuals situated in diverse structural contexts, (iii) communicative actions that are influenced by the complex media genres of modern society, and (iv) expressions of everyday life. Moreover, it is argued that the notion of cyberspace can be profitably defined as the semi-imaginative experience of place that people have when they take part in conversational communication on the Internet. Based on an analysis of a number of intercultural conversations that have taken place within the newsgroup dk.livssyn from 1 September 2000 to 1 March 2001, the article concludes that, in general, the cultural encounters within this online context seem to be fluctuating, dynamic, and highly individually constructed.
'Kult' i religionsvidenskab og arkæologi
Authors: Christensen Lisbeth Bredholt
Published: February 2018

The word 'cult' is only rarely used in the Study of Religion today, whereas, instead, 'religion', 'ritual' and 'religious practice' are used. in Prehistoric and Classical Archaeology, as well as in Ancient History, however, 'cult' is a common term. The connotations of the word 'cult' differ among various disciplines. In Prehistoric Archaeology, 'cult' denotes 'religious retual' or the practical aspect os 'religion, i.e. the use of 'cult' (unjustifiably, according to the present author) appears to make it possible for prehistorians to speak about religion without takin into consideration 'belief' (not visible in the aarchaeological material). In Classical Archaeology and Ancient History 'cult' is not in the same way a terminus techicus because it is found in the texts. In these disciplines 'cult' is used as a synonym for 'religion', emphasizing that in Greek and Roman societies 'religion' is based on worshipping gods and heroes, but not necessarily involving belief. in Socioloy, 'cult' has been assigned a completely independent measning, possibly deriving from 'mystery-cult'. In the Study of Religion the attempts at defining and discussing 'cult' are limited to studies of ancient Israel, early Christianity, ancient Near East and the classical world. Various attempts have been made to use 'cult' as an abstract, universally applicable concepts in the same fashion as 'ritual' and 'religion'. However, these attempts seem to have been ony partially successful. Ultimately, 'cult' is a very vague word lingering between the abstract and theoretical on the one hand and, on the other hand, remaining fixed in the regional and chronological context of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East worlds.
Forestilling og handling
Authors: Pyysiäinen Ilkka
Published: February 2018

In this paper I outline the hypothesis that counterintuitive religious beliefs partly acquire their plausibility for the believer from the fact that they guide motor action in rituals. The hypothesis is based on connecting theories of a ‘theory of mind’ with findings about the so-called ‘mirror neurons’ that are activated in certain kinds of motor actions as well as in watching and imitating other people’s similar action.
Religion som strømme i en flydende bevidsthed
Authors: Schjødt Uffe
Published: February 2018

Archaeologist Steven Mithen claims to show how and why the human mind developed into a culturally capable entity. By adopting the notion of the ontogenetic recapitulation of phylogeny, Mithen integrates several different perspectives on developmental psychology with the state of the art of archaeological data. According to Mithen the mind has undergone some important changes during the last couple of million years ending with what Mithen calls Cognitive Fluidity. A cognitively fluid mind is the only architecture that allows abstract thinking and use of symbols. This article, however, argues that Mithen’s cognitive approach suffers from important theoretical inconsistencies, since much of the research involved seem to contradict each other. Thus psychologist Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory does not fit well into philosopher Jerry Fodor’s theory of mind, while developmental psychologist Karmiloff-Smith’s developmental theory is interesting to Mithen only if recapitulation is accepted as a framework, and even then problems seem to exist between Mithen’s abrupt jump into a cognitively fluid mind about 40,000 years ago and Karmiloff-Smith’s domain specific developmental stages. In my view, Steven Mithen’s Book, The Prehistory of the Mind does not offer a satisfying account of how the mind finally went fluid and became able to perform complex artifacts and religious behaviour.
Forord
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: February 2018

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Mystik - et komparativt, kognitionsvidenskabeligt perspektiv
Authors: Christensen Torben Hammersholt
Published: February 2018

Denne artikel er intenderet som et bidrag til den religionsvidenskabelige kognitionsforskning. Den analyserer strukturelle ligheder i den beskrevne mystiske udvikling hos theravādabuddhisten Buddhaghosa (5. årh. e.v.t.) og den kristne spanske mystiker Juan de la Cruz (1542-1591). Analysen viser, at begge beskrivelser kulminerer i en særlig type mystisk erfaring, som jeg definerer som: En vågen, men ikke-bevidst og objektløs erfaring, der af mystikeren retrospektivt fortolkes i overensstemmelse med det partikulære religiøse klassifikationssystems metafysiske centrum. Definitionen får rygdækning fra Antonio Damasios kognitive og neurovidenskabelige bevidsthedsteori, og jeg argumenterer for, at Damasio kan være med til at forklare, hvorfor den mystiske udvikling kulminerer i den definerede mystiske erfaring. Artiklen er hermed et eksempel på, at kognitive teorier kan være med til at reaktualisere den komparative religionsvidenskab i en post-Eliade’sk æra ved at give tværkulturelle ligheder et solidt teoretisk fundament.
Anmeldelse af "De religiøse ideers historie" af Mircea Eliade
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding
Published: February 2018

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Konstruktion, rekonstruktion og strategiske essentialismer
Authors: Borup Jørn
Published: February 2018

Essentialisme og dennes misrepræsentation, etnocentrisme og hegemoni (som afsløret af eksempelvis postkoloniale studier) er et af de vigtigste kritikpunkter mod før-postmoderne religions- og kulturstudier. Denne artikel hævder, at konstruktioner (“opfindelser”) og essentialismer er naturlige og universelt udbredte også i de andres kulturelle og religiøse verdener, og at “strategisk essentialisme” er et vigtigt fænomen, der bør studeres, men i videnskabelige og politiske debatter om repræsentation ikke bør tages på ordet.
Gammel Testamente ved Det Teologiske Fakultet ved Aarhus Universitet
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

Tiltrædelsesforelæsning ved Aarhus Universitet d. 26. februar 2009.
Mindfulness i svenska kontexter
Authors: Plank Katarina
Published: February 2018

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mindfulness can be found in three distinctly different settings in Sweden: therapeutic, commercial and religious. Its greatest expansion can be found within in the Swedish health care system, where mindfulness-based therapies and interventions can be used, and among private operators selling mindfulness courses to both public and private sectors. Here, mindfulness is decontextualised and detraditionalised and presented as a universal life-skill without any religious belonging. Although with a difference: the therapeutic use of mindfulness encourages the individual to delevop metacognition and the ability of decentering, while the commercial use of mindfulness puts greater emphasis to sensory experiences. In the religious context, sati (the Pali term translated into mindfulness) is an integral part of a Buddhist soteriologiskt system aiming at freeing the individual from worldly bonds. This shift in conceptualising mindfulness reflects a general trend in Western countries where spirituality replaces religion.SVENSK RESUMÉ: Mindfulness återfinns i tre distinkt olika sammanhang i Sverige: terapeutiska, kommersiella och religiösa. Sin största spridning har mindfulness fått i sekulära och nyreligiösa former som återfinns inom svensk sjukvård där mindfulnessbaserade terapier integrerats i behandlingar och hos privata aktörer som säljer mindfulnesskurser till både offentlig och privat sektor. Här har mindfulness avkontextualiserats och presenteras som en allmänmänsklig färdighet utan kopplingar till religion, dock med skillnaden att det terapeutiska användandet tycks syfta till att individen utvecklar decentrering och metakognition, medan det kommersiella användandet i större grad betonar sinnesupplevelser. I religiösa sammanhang utgör sati (palitermen som kommit att översättas med engelskans mindfulness) en integrerad del i ett soteriologiskt system som syftar till att individen frigör sig från världsliga bindningar. Begreppsglidningen reflekterar en generell utveckling i västerländska länder där andlighet ersätter religion.
Mindfulness – en religionssociologisk analyse af et moderne fænomen
Authors: Gottfredsen Rikke
Published: February 2018

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mindfulness is a phenomenon increasingly attracting interest in Denmark. It is offered by many different types of providers. This research categorizes in a complete sample of mindfulness providers in Aarhus the way in which these providers communicate their affiliation with mindfulness as respectively Buddhism, spirituality or a-religious technique. This is done using the criteria’s authorization, text reference and visual reference. The article's research shows that mindfulness is offered as a-religious technique, but claims simultaneously, based on Hornborg and Durkheim, that even this alleged a-religiosity can be considered religious.DANSK RESUMÉ: Mindfulness er et fænomen i vækst. Den udbydes af mange forskellige typer af udbydere. Denne undersøgelse kategoriserer i et komplet sample af mindfulness-udbydere i Aarhus måden hvorpå disse udbydere kommunikerer deres tilhørsforhold til mindfulness som henholdsvis buddhisme, spiritualitet eller a-religiøs teknik. Dette gøres ved hjælp af kriterier inden for autorisation, tekst- og visuelle referencer. Artiklens undersøgelse viser, at mindfulness udbydes som a-religiøs teknik, men hævder samtidigt med udgangspunkt i Hornborg og Durkheim, at selv denne påståede a-religiøsitet kan kaldes religiøs.