bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pourquoi continuer Politique européenne ?
Authors: Belot Céline , Mégie Antoine , Saurugger Sabine
Published: March 2016

Pourquoi continuer à publier une revue d’études européennes ? Pourquoi continuer à publier en français ? Comment allier la croyance au nécessaire libre accès des résultats de la recherche publique et la quête d’un modèle économique permettant la production des revues qui rendent visibles et accessibles cette recherche ? Comment répondre à l’objectif nécessaire de professionnalisation du monde de l’édition scientifique dans un secteur où les ressources humaines d’aide à l’éditing sont de plus en plus rares au sein des établissements de recherche ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles les trois directeurs successifs de la revue répondent dans cette introduction du 50 ème numéro de Politique européenne , l’occasion également d’un retour à grands traits sur leur histoire et leurs pratiques éditoriales.
Rich, vivid, and ignored
Authors: Mourlon-Druol Emmanuel
Published: March 2016

Cet article analyse la place de l’histoire en tant que discipline au sein du champ des études européennes en 2015. Il observe d’abord que l’histoire est largement marginalisée dans les débats aussi bien publics qu’universitaires à propos de la situation actuelle de l’Europe, et explore les raisons qui peuvent expliquer cette situation. Il rappelle ensuite l’émergence, au cours des dernières années, d’une historiographie riche et vivante, et soutient que ceci ne laisse aucune excuse aux autres disciplines pour ne pas s’intéresser aux travaux des historiens qui sont d’une pertinence intellectuelle immédiate à leur champ d’enquête.
The Lessons of the Crisis for EU Policy Making
Authors: Saraceno Francesco
Published: March 2016

L’article examine la vision dominante de la crise de l’UEM, souvent attribuée à Berlin, et exprimant un consensus macroéconomique qui émergea dans les années 1990. Ce consensus se fonde sur le refus des politiques discrétionnaires, particulièrement en matière fiscale, laissant au jeu du marché le soin de répondre aux choses macroéconomiques. Ce consensus constitua non seulement la réponse à la crise mais il fut à la base de la fondation de certaines institutions par le traité de Maastricht (mandat de la BCE et règles fiscales). Le papier met en avant les limites de cette approche. Des institutions s’inspirant du fonctionnement d’une fédération seraient nécessaires pour réduire les disparités et répondre aux crises économiques à venir.
Normalisation ou dilution de l’analyse des politiques publiques européennes ?
Authors: Hassenteufel Patrick , Surel Yves
Published: March 2016

Dans cet article nous pointons deux types de tensions qui conduisent à une forme de dilution de l’analyse de l’action publique européenne : dans la littérature anglo-saxonne on peut constater un décalage entre des travaux empiriques renvoyant aux préoccupations et aux découpages institutionnels existants et ceux cherchant à appliquer des cadres théoriques généraux dans une logique de normalisation ; dans les travaux français la place prise par des travaux de sociologie politique permettant une meilleure connaissance des acteurs présent dans les arènes européennes a conduit à faire passer au second plan la question de leur action sur les enjeux de politiques publiques. C’est pourquoi nous plaidons ici pour un double décloisonnement : d’une part, entre différents modèles théoriques, d’autre part entre les perspectives dominantes de la littérature internationale (meso et macro) et celles des recherches françaises (plus micro).
La mesure du bien-être territorial
Authors: Jany-Catrice Florence
Published: March 2016

Cet article revient sur la multiplication des indicateurs de bien-être territorial tant en France qu’au niveau international. Un flou inhérent aux concepts subsiste dans la sémantique mobilisée (s’agit-il de qualité de vie, de bien-être, individuel ou collectif ?), et se traduit par une grande hétérogénéité des méthodes déployées pour en fournir des mesures. La portée des indicateurs retenus dépend du fait que les acteurs qui les élaborent travaillent sur les territoires ou avec eux. Dans ce dernier cas, le territoire devient un acteur central dans l’élaboration d’une vision partagée des richesses.
Vers une économie authentiquement circulaire
Authors: Arnsperger Christian , Bourg Dominique
Published: March 2016

À quelle aune mesurer les progrès d’une économie, voire de l’humanité tout entière, en direction d’une économie plus circulaire ? À quels aspects, quels enjeux, quelles problématiques nos indicateurs devraient-ils être sensibles afin de saisir les tendances de circularisation à l’œuvre dans nos économies et également afin de pouvoir critiquer d’éventuelles incomplétudes, voire certaines hypocrisies, dans la façon qu’ont certains de vouloir mesurer la circularité au seul niveau micro d’entreprises ou de secteurs ? L’objectif du présent article n’est pas de construire un indicateur ou un « tableau de bord » d’indicateurs. Nous entendons nous situer à un plus grand niveau d’abstraction et de généralité afin de mettre en évidence certains des principaux aspects, enjeux et questionnements que les concepteurs d’un tel indicateur, s’il devait un jour être bâti au plan formel et technique, devraient, selon nous, prendre en compte.
Tontine et rentes viagères en 1693 en Angleterre
Authors: Gallais-Hamonno Georges , Rietsch Christian
Published: March 2016

En 1693, pour financer l’effort de guerre contre la France, un expédient sous forme d’un emprunt tontinier est émis. Cette première tontine anglaise constitue un échec, puisque 10 % seulement de la somme attendue sont souscrits ; une opération, subsidiaire, en rentes viagères, permet de lever les fonds nécessaires. Outre les maladresses de conception de cet emprunt tontinier, des fraudes à la survie ont peut-être joué ; mais le plus grave est d’avoir émis en parallèle un emprunt en rentes viagères particulièrement rentable, sans tarification par âge.
L’étalon de change-or a-t-il été à l’origine de la Grande dépression ?
Authors: Maveyraud Samuel , Parent Antoine
Published: March 2016

Le but de cet article est d’identifier les mécanismes de contagion de taux d’intérêt à trois mois à l’œuvre entre la France, la Grande-Bretagne et les Etats-Unis, les trois principaux pays créditeurs durant l’entre-deux-guerres. Afin de décrire ces mécanismes en détail, un modèle BEKK dans lequel est introduite une rupture structurelle est adopté. Notre analyse éclaire sous un jour nouveau trois questions historiques fondamentales : la crise de 1929 a-t-elle été importée aux Etats-Unis ? La France a-t-elle exporté ses volatilités de taux dans le reste du monde ? Le processus de propagation de volatilité des taux accrédite-t-il ou non la thèse des « golden fetters » ?
Prévisions d’experts et politique monétaire de la BCE
Authors: Albulescu Claudiu T. , Aubin Christian , Duport Noëlle , Goyeau Daniel
Published: March 2016

Cet article s’interroge sur l’intérêt et la cohérence des informations contenues dans l’enquête trimestrielle effectuée par la BCE auprès de prévisionnistes professionnels. Il confirme tout d’abord que la politique monétaire réagit davantage aux perspectives d’inflation et de chômage qu’à leur réalisation. Il montre ensuite que, d’une part, les prévisions d’experts prennent en compte une efficacité de la politique monétaire sur l’inflation et la croissance et que, d’autre part, les prévisionnistes attendent une réaction significative de la politique monétaire aux mouvements anticipés de l’inflation et du chômage. L’ensemble de ces conclusions conforte l’idée d’une cohérence globale des prévisions des experts interrogés et atteste d’une transparence, en termes de prévisibilité des choix de la BCE.
France et Russie à l’heure de l’Exposition universelle de 1867
Authors: Lebrun Estelle
Published: March 2016

En 1867, la France accueille une section russe pour la première fois dans une Exposition universelle parisienne. Cette apparition est loin d’être anodine. En effet, cette Exposition s’inscrit dans un moment crucial des relations franco-russes, après le déchirement de la guerre de Crimée et avant le grand rapprochement de la fin du siècle. Le Tsar est convié par Napoléon III à visiter l’Exposition universelle de Paris, dans le but de nouer une alliance entre les deux États. Néanmoins, les sujets de discorde sont nombreux et l’Exposition universelle cristallise ces tensions : les discussions piétinent et le 6 juin 1867, le tsar Alexandre II est même victime, au cours d’une promenade avec son hôte, d’une tentative d’assassinat perpétrée par un exilé polonais. Alors qu’Alexandre II s’était imaginé que le criminel serait condamné à la peine de mort, ce dernier, grâce à une brillante plaidoirie de son avocat, ne fut condamné qu’au bagne. L’échec de cette dernière rencontre entre Napoléon III et Alexandre II marque le coup d’arrêt des négociations entre les deux empires et le Tsar laisse se détruire le Second Empire en 1870 sans état d’âme.
L’autopromotion des femmes à la Foire internationale de Chicago (1893) : identités, représentations et structuration politique
Authors: Boussahba-Bravard Myriam
Published: March 2016

Pour aller à Chicago, les Anglaises suivirent les consignes données par les Américaines du Comité exécutif des femmes managers, responsable du Pavillon des femmes, et celles des suffragistes, organisatrices du Congrès mondial des femmes. Les tensions existant entre ces deux groupes illustrent aussi l’histoire du mouvement des femmes dans bien des pays s’organisant pour l’événement. La représentation des femmes à l’exposition peut donc se lire comme une typologie à la fois des histoires nationales et du nouvel internationalisme féminin. Notre thèse est que leur rencontre a finalisé la construction d’un modèle international d’émancipation qui n’était pas spécifique aux Anglaises et aux Américaines. En redéfinissant les qualifications de « modérées » et de « suffragistes » avant 1914, les femmes ont créé leurs communautés internationales.
De l’exposition universelle à la foire nationale. Éléments pour une histoire élargie des expositions durant la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Debluë Claire-Lise
Published: March 2016

Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, les foires commerciales se multiplient et s’imposent au détriment des expositions universelles. Dans les grands centres urbains, les chambres de commerce s’emparent de ces nouvelles institutions commerciales qui consacrent le rôle des acteurs privés dans le domaine des expositions. En considérant les foires comme un phénomène transnational, cet article propose d’en resituer l’émergence vis-à-vis des enjeux de l’économie de guerre et de ses conséquences sur la politique d’exposition. Si nous reviendrons dans un premier temps sur les conditions du déclin de l’Exposition universelle, il s’agira également de montrer combien les foires contribuèrent, en tant qu’élément clé de la « rationalisation » des méthodes commerciales, à redéfinir les missions de l’exposition et à en professionnaliser les pratiques.
L’exposition de la télévision dans l’entre-deux-guerres : entre appropriations nationales et échanges transnationaux
Authors: Weber Anne-Katrin
Published: March 2016

Situé au croisement de l’histoire de la télévision et de celles des expositions, cet article vise à étudier la construction politique et symbolique de la télévision dans l’entre-deux-guerres en Allemagne, en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis. À travers l’étude des présentations organisées en lien avec l’ouverture des services publics à Berlin en 1935, à Londres en 1936 et à New York en 1939, il examine comment exposer la télévision participe à la définition nationale du média dans un contexte de compétitions et d’échanges transnationaux.
Indicator mineral abundance data for till samples from the south Core Zone, Quebec and Labrador (NTS 23-P and 23-I): samples collected in 2014
Authors: McClenaghan M B , Paulen R C , Rice J
M
Published: March 2016

This open file reports results for the first of three field seasons of reconnaissance-scale till sampling in the south part of the Core Zone in NTS sheets 23I and 23P in the summer of 2014 and for till and sand samples collected 10 to 200 km to the north in
support of focussed bedrock mapping activities in the north Core Zone. This sampling was carried out as part of the Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals 2 (GEM 2) Program, as part of the Core Zone Project (2014-2017).
The report contains unedited indicator mineral weight and abundance data for sediment samples collected in 2014. Samples were processed by the commercial laboratory Overburden Drilling Management Limited, Ottawa, using a combination of tabling, panning, heavy liquids and magnetic separation to
recover potential indicator minerals. Sample locations, weights of various fractions produced during sample processing, and indicator mineral grains identified are reported in this open file.
Report of activities for the Core Zone: investigations of the mafic and ultramafic intrusive rocks of the Montagnais Sills, northern Labrador Trough, Nunavik, Quebec
Authors: Houlé M G , Bédard M -P , McNicoll V J , Corrigan D , Huot F
Published: March 2016

Foreword
The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program is laying the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North. The program provides modern public geoscience that will set the stage for long-term decision making related to investment in responsible resource development. Geoscience
knowledge produced by GEM supports exploration for new energy and mineral resources and enables northern communities to make informed decisions about their land, economy and society. Building upon the success of its first five-years, GEM has been renewed until 2020 to continue producing new,
publically available, regional-scale geoscience knowledge in Canada's North.
During the summer of 2015, 14 research activities focused on geological, geochemical and geophysical surveying were successfully carried out under the GEM program including the Core Zone - Labrador Trough activity of the Hudson-Ungava project (Fig. 1). These activities have been undertaken in
collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia and the private sector. GEM will continue to work with these key collaborators as the program advances.
Bovine dermatophilosis: Awareness, perceptions and attitudes in the small-holder sector of north-west Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndhlovu Daud N. , Masika Patrick J.
Published: March 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess cattle owners’ awareness, perceptions, attitudes and drug-usage practices with regard to bovine dermatophilosis. Knowledge of these farmers’ attributes is important for animal health policy makers in their endeavours to provide optimum disease control strategies that are acceptable to the communities. Data on cattle owner awareness of bovine dermatophilosis, causes, treatment practices, perceptions about its importance and potential dangers to humans were collected using an intervieweradministered questionnaire. A total of 185 stockowners and cattle herds were involved in the study, with bovine dermatophilosis determined clinically by veterinarians. The results showed that 45.4% of the herds were clinically positive for dermatophilosis, and most farmers (79.5%) were generally aware that dermatophilosis was a cattle disease. In the event of a dermatophilosis outbreak in a herd, 74.1% of the farmers treated their cattle using antibiotics; the proportion of farmers treating cattle did not differ (p > 0.05) across the diptanks. Fifty-two farmers (52/63) indicated that drugs had to be administered four to seven times before an animal recovered from infection. Tetracyclines were the antibiotics used by most farmers (79.3%) to treat dermatophilosis, with 19.1% using penicillins. Concerns were raised by farmers about the effectiveness of these drugs against bovine dermatophilosis. Across the study sites, 48.6% and 27.6% of the farmers perceived bovine dermatophilosis to be an important disease at the herd and area level, respectively. A small proportion (12.4%) of the farmers regarded bovine dermatophilosis as a potentially zoonotic disease. The high level of stockowners’ general awareness, with regards to bovine dermatophilosis, sets ideal conditions for the mobilisation of farmers by animal health authorities in the control of the disease. However, further research needs to be undertaken to investigate effective antibiotic delivery protocols and the potential zoonotic impact of bovine dermatophilosis in a situation of high disease prevalence.
Magnetic resonance cholangiographic evaluation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct variations
Authors: Sureka Binit , Bansal Kalpana , Patidar Yashwant , Arora Ankur
Published: March 2016

Biliary anatomy and its common and uncommon variations are of considerable clinical significance when performing living donor transplantation, radiological interventions in hepatobiliary system, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and liver resection (hepatectomy, segmentectomy). Because of increasing trend found in the number of liver transplant surgeries being performed, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has become the modality of choice for noninvasive evaluation of abnormalities of the biliary tract. The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomic variations of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree.
Fetal MRI: A pictorial essay
Authors: Rathee Sapna , Joshi Priscilla , Kelkar Abhimanyu , Seth Nagesh
Published: March 2016

Ultrasonography (USG) is the primary method for antenatal fetal evaluation. However, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now become a valuable adjunct to USG in confirming/excluding suspected abnormalities and in the detection of additional abnormalities, thus changing the outcome of pregnancy and optimizing perinatal management. With the development of ultrafast sequences, fetal MRI has made remarkable progress in recent times. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate a spectrum of structural abnormalities affecting the central nervous system, thorax, genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, as well as miscellaneous anomalies. Anomalies in twin gestations and placental abnormalities have also been included.
Prenatal detection of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome with encephalocele
Authors: Padmanabhan Laxmi Devi , Nampoothiri Sheela
Published: March 2016

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) causes secondary morphological changes which can be detected on ultrasound. Here we report a case of congenital high airway obstruction with an occipital encephalocele detected at 23 weeks of gestation.
Outcomes of catheter-directed treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis of patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sundar Gaurav , Keshava Shyamkumar N , Moses Vinu , Chiramel George K , Ahmed Munawwar , Mammen Suraj , Aggarwal Sunil , Stephen Edwin
Published: March 2016

Background: Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common illness with an annual incidence of 1 per 1000 adults. The major long-term complication of DVT is post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) which occurs in up to 60% of patients within 2 years of an episode of DVT. Aims: We aim to evaluate the outcomes of catheter-directed treatment (CDT) for symptomatic acute or subacute lower extremity DVT. Materials and Methods: A retrospective 12-year study was conducted on the outcomes of CDT on 54 consecutive patients who presented with acute or subacute lower extremity DVT to our hospital. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive summary statistics and the Chi-square test were used to measure the outcomes of CDT. Results: Grade 3 thrombolysis was achieved in 25 (46.3%) patients, grade 2 thrombolysis in 25 (46.3%) patients, and grade 1 thrombolysis in 4 (7.4%) patients. Significant recanalization (grade 2 or 3 thrombolysis) was possible in 50 (92.6%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of significant recanalization that could be achieved between patients who underwent CDT before and after 10 days. There was no significant difference between the thrombolysis achieved between urokinase and r-tPA. PTS was seen in 33% of the patients. Major complications were seen in 5.5% of the patients. Conclusion: CDT is a safe and effective therapeutic technique in patients with acute and subacute lower extremity DVT, if appropriate patient selection is made.
Transcatheter embolization of pancreatic arteriovenous malformation associated with recurrent acute pancreatitis
Authors: Rajesh S , Mukund Amar , Bhatia Vikram , Arora Ankur
Published: March 2016

Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is extremely rare; even rarer is its association with pancreatitis. The authors report a case of PAVM causing recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis in a 46-year-old male. Patient refused surgery and was treated with transcatheter arterial embolization using liquid embolic agent (mixture of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue and lipiodol), which resulted in a significant decrease in the size of the PAVM.
CT and MR imaging of odontoid abnormalities: A pictorial review
Authors: Jain Nishchint , Verma Ritu , Garga Umesh Neuro , Baruah Barinder P , Jain Sachin K , Bhaskar Surya N
Published: March 2016

Odontoid process is the central pillar of the craniovertebral junction. Imaging of this small structure continues to be a challenge for the radiologists due to complex bony and ligamentous anatomy. A wide range of developmental and acquired abnormalities of odontoid have been identified. Their accurate radiologic evaluation is important as different lesions have markedly different clinical course, patient management, and prognosis. This article seeks to provide knowledge for interpreting appearances of odontoid on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with respect to various disease processes, along with providing a quick review of the embryology and relevant anatomy.
Effect of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin
Authors: da Rosa Gabriela Migliorin , da Silva Luciana Mendonça , de Menezes Márcio , do Vale Hugo Felipe , Regalado Diego Ferreira , Pontes Danielson Guedes
Published: March 2016

Objectives: The present study verified the influence of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two specimens were prepared with Filtek™ Z350 XT (3M/ESPE) and randomly divided into four groups (n = 08) that were subjected to brushing simulation equivalent to the period of 1 month. The groups assessed were a control group with distilled water (G1), Colgate Total 12 Professional Clean (G2), Sensodyne Extra Whitener Extra Fresh (G3), and Colgate Luminous White (G4). A sequence of 90 cycles was performed for all the samples. The initial roughness of each group was analyzed by the Surface Roughness Tester (TR 200-TIME Group Inc., CA, USA). After the brushing period, the final roughness was measured, and the results were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests for intergroup roughness comparison in the time factor. For intragroup and “Δ Final − Initial” comparisons, the Wilcoxon test and (one-way) ANOVA were, respectively, performed (α = 0.05). Results: The roughness mean values before and after brushing showed no statistically significant difference when the different dentifrices were used. None of the dentifrices analyzed increased significantly the nanohybrid composite resin surface roughness in a 1 month of tooth brushing simulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that no hazardous effect on the roughness of nanohybrid composite resin can be expected when whitening dentifrices are used for a short period. Similar studies should be conducted to analyze other esthetic composite materials.
Impact of different file systems on the amount of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment
Authors: Uzunoglu Emel , Turker Sevinc Aktemur
Published: March 2016

Objective: The goal of present study was to determine the effect of different nickel–titanium file systems on the amount of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment: D-RaCe retreatment systems, EdgeFile XR retreatment rotary files, and Reciproc R40. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six single-rooted prepared mandibular premolar teeth were filled with Gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The teeth were then randomly assigned into three groups (n = 12) for retreatment. The endodontic retreatment was performed as follows: D-RaCe, EdgeFile XR, Reciproc 40. Debris extruded apically during the retreatment was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. An incubator was used to store tubes at 70°C for 5 days. The initial weight was subtracted from final weight of the Eppendorf tubes to calculate the weight of the dry extruded debris for each group. The data obtained were evaluated using Welch analysis of variance and Games-Howell post-hoc tests (P < 0.05). Results: All files resulted in apical extrusion of debris. Reciproc caused significantly less debris extrusion compared to D-RaCe and EdgeFile XR (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings revealed that during endodontic retreatment, number, and taper of files might have an influence on the amount of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment.
An unusually large aggressive adenomatoid odontogenic tumor of maxilla involving the third molar: A clinical case report
Authors: Dhupar Vikas , Akkara Francis , Khandelwal Pulkit
Published: March 2016

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare tumor comprising only 3% of all odontogenic tumors. It is a benign, encapsulated, noninvasive, nonaggressive, slowly growing odontogenic lesion associated with an impacted tooth. These lesions may go unnoticed for years. The usual treatment is enucleation and curettage, and the lesion does not recur. Here, we present a rare case of an unusually large aggressive AOT of maxilla associated with impacted third molar. The authors also discuss clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and therapeutic features of the case. Subtotal maxillectomy with simultaneous reconstruction of the surgical defect with temporalis myofascial flap was planned and carried out.
Quantitative Study of the Characteristics of Effective Internal Medicine Noon Conference Presentations
Authors: Fraser Traci , Sargsyan Zaven , Baggett Travis P , Baggett Meridale
Published: March 2016

Increasing demands on residents' time have made it critically important to maximize the effectiveness of didactic activities and motivate independent study.Background

 Our aim was to correlate characteristics of noon conferences with internal medicine (IM) residents' ratings of perceived effectiveness and intent to pursue independent reading.Objective

 We assessed characteristics of each noon conference by direct observation using predetermined metrics. We surveyed IM residents to assess their perception of the conference's effectiveness and their intention to pursue additional reading. A variety of modeling techniques were used to discern meaningful correlations of effectiveness and motivation.Methods

 A total of 649 evaluations of 29 conferences were submitted by 153 of 185 (83%) residents in the program. Median effectiveness score was 6 (on a scale of 1 to 7). Clinicopathological conferences had 0.55-point higher effectiveness scores than traditional conferences (P = .011). In multivariable analyses focusing on traditional conferences, summary statement inclusion was significantly associated with 0.43-point higher effectiveness scores (P = .016), and having resident speakers was associated with 0.50-point higher effectiveness scores than unfamiliar faculty (P = .045). Conferences with higher effectiveness scores had significantly higher proportions of respondents indicating intention to read.Results

 This is the first study to quantitatively assess correlations of high effectiveness ratings of noon conferences in a residency program. Intention to read improved with increasing effectiveness scores of conferences, suggesting residents are more inclined to pursue self-directed learning when topics are well presented. Considering these attributes in designs of didactic sessions may enhance their educational value.Conclusions
Characteristics and Core Curricular Elements of Medical Simulation Fellowships in North America
Authors: Ahmed Rami A. , Frey Jennifer , Gardner Aimee K. , Gordon James A. , Yudkowsky Rachel , Tekian Ara
Published: March 2016

In the past few years, there has been rapid growth in the number of simulation fellowships for physicians in the United States and Canada, with the objective of producing faculty with expertise and leadership training in medical simulation. Relatively little is known about the collective content and structure of these new fellowship opportunities.Background

 We sought to identify a common set of core curricular elements among existing simulation fellowships and to obtain demographic background information on participants and leadership.Objective

 We designed a web-based survey and circulated it to simulation fellowship directors in the United States and Canada. The questions explored aspects of the fellowship curriculum. A grounded theory approach was used to qualitatively analyze fellowship goals and objectives.Methods

 Of the 29 program directors surveyed, 23 responded (79%). The most commonly listed goals and objectives were to increase skills in simulation curriculum development, simulation operations and training environment setup, research, educational theory, administration, and debriefing. The majority of the responding fellowship directors (17 of 22, 77%) indicated that a set of consensus national guidelines would benefit their fellowship program.Results

 Simulation fellowships are experiencing a period of rapid growth. Development of a common set of program guidelines is a widely shared objective among fellowship directors.Conclusions
Insights of project managers into the problems in project management
Authors: Livesey Peter Vincent
Published: March 2016

A Delphi study using project managers who had managed projects in excess of $500 million was used to confirm the significance and frequency of problems resulting from the nature of projects. Using the results obtained from the Delphi study a ranking of the problems experienced in these projects was obtained by calculating a Relative Importance Index. Additionally, the Delphi panel members were asked their views concerning the need for traditional project management skills (hard skills) and team management skills (soft skills) as project size increased from below $50 million to over $500 million. A substantial increase in the need for both skills was indicated with the increase in the need for soft skills being the most significant.
Organisational life cycle, business orientation and performances of architectural firms in Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatayo Adedapo Adewunmi , Amole Dolapo , Uwakonye Obioha
Published: March 2016

This study sets out to investigate the relationships between the organisational life cycles, business orientation and performances of architectural firms, which often start with just the principal and little capital. In the study, the organisational life cycles stages of the firms were identified, and the way that business orientation emphasis changes with the firms’ life cycles were investigated. In addition, the business orientation dimensions that predict the architectural firms’ performance at each life cycle stage were identified. The study was carried out using data collected through self-administered questionnaires from architectural firms in Nigeria. The organisational life cycle stages of the firms were identified using cluster analysis, and the predictors of performances were identified using regression analysis. The results of the study show that only focus on prominence varied significantly with the organisational life cycles of the firms. Another important finding of the study is that market orientation led to better performance at some organisational life-cycle stages, while profit orientation led to better performance at some other stages. It was recommended that firms should choose business strategies that take into consideration their organisational life cycle stages to enhance their performances.
On the external validity of construction bidding experiment
Authors: Oo Bee Lan
Published: March 2016

The external validity of experimental studies and in particular, the subject pool effects have been much debated among researchers. The common objections are that the use of student as experimental subjects is invalid as they are likely to be unrepresentative. This paper addresses this methodological aspect in building economics research. It compares the bidding behavioural patterns of experienced construction executives (professionals) and student subjects through replication of a bidding experiment that aimed at testing theories. The results show that the student subjects’ bidding behavourial patterns, in terms of decision to bid and mark-up decision, are sufficiently similar to that of the professionals. This suggests that the subject pool per se is not a threat to the external validity of the bidding experiment. In addition, the demonstrated practicality of an experimental approach in testing theories should lead to more use of experimental studies with student subjects in building economics research. It is suggested that experimental and field findings should be seen as complementary in building economics research, as advocated in social sciences.
Impact of crop field burning and mountains on heavy haze in the North China Plain: A case study
Authors: Long X. , Tie X. X. , Cao J. J. , Huang R. J. , Feng T. , Li N. , Zhao S. Y. , Tian J. , Li G. H. , Zhang Q.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Crop field burning (CFB) has important effects on air pollution in China, but it is seldom quantified and reported in a regional scale, which is of great importance for the control strategies of CFB in China, especially in the North China Plain (NCP). With the provincial statistical data and open crop fires captured by satellite (MODIS), we extracted a detailed emission inventory of CFB during a heavy haze event from 6th to 12th October 2014. A regional dynamical and chemical model (WRF-Chem) was applied to investigate the impact of CFB on air pollution in NCP. The model simulations were compared with the in situ measurements of PM2.5 (particular matter with radius less than 2.5 μm) concentrations. The model evaluation shows that the correlation coefficients (R) between measured and calculated values exceeds 0.80 and absolute normalized mean bias (NMB) is no more than 14 %. In addition, the simulated meteorological parameters such as winds and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) are also in good agreement with observations. The model was intensive used to study (1) the impacts of CFB and (2) the effect of mountains on regional air quality. The results show that the CFB occurred in southern NCP (SNCP) had significant effect on PM2.5 concentrations locally, causing a maximum of 35 % PM2.5 increase in SNCP. Because of south wind condition, the CFB pollution plume is subjective a long transport to northern NCP (NNCP-with several mega cities, including Beijing of the capital city in China), where there are no significant CFB occurrences, causing a maximum of 32 % PM2.5 increase in NNCP. As a result, the heavy haze in Beijing is enhanced by the CFB occurred in SNCP. Further more, there are two major mountains located in the western and northern NCP. Under the south wind condition, these mountains play important roles in enhancing the PM2.5 pollution in NNCP through the blocking and guiding effects. This study suggests that the PM2.5 emissions in SNCP region should be significantly limited in order to reduce the occurrences of heavy haze events in NNCP region, including the Beijing City.
Feeding the world with soil science: embracing sustainability, complexity and uncertainty
Authors: Tittonell P.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Feeding a growing and wealthier population while providing other ecosystem services and meeting social and environmental goals poses serious challenges to soil scientists of the 21st Century. In particular, three dimensions inherent to agricultural systems shape the current paradigm under which science has to contribute knowledge and innovations: sustainability, complexity and uncertainty. The current model of agricultural production, which is also often the source of inspiration to propose solutions for future challenges, fails at internalizing these dimensions. It simply does not provide the necessary means to address sustainability, complexity or uncertainties. Part of the problem is that these are soft concepts, as opposed to hard goals, and so their definition and their translation into concrete actions is always subjective. They have to be sufficiently defined for soil science to embrace them in order to propose viable solutions to (i) produce food where it is most needed, (ii) decouple agricultural production from its dependence on non-renewable resources, (iii) recycle and make efficient use of available resources, (iv) reduce the risks associated with global change, and (v) restore the capacity of degraded soils to provide ecosystem services. This paper examines what the concepts of sustainability, complexity and uncertainty mean and imply for soil science, focusing on the five priorities enunciated above. It also summarizes and proposes new research challenges for soil scientists of the 21st Century.
Greening offshore wind with the Smart Wind Chart evaluation tool
Authors: Soukissian Takvor , Reizopoulou Sofia , Drakopoulou Paraskevi , Axaopoulos Panagiotis , Karathanasi Flora , Fraschetti Simona , Bray Laura , Foglini Federica , Papadopoulos Anastasios , De Leo Francesco , Kyriakidou Chara , Voukouvalas Evangelos , Papathanassiou Evangelos , Boero Ferdinando
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) and the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) comprise two main elements for the production of clean energy, and the simultaneous maintenance and protection of biodiversity in the Mediterranean and Black seas. Successful, efficient, and sustainable coupling of these two aspects presumes that the criteria for selecting suitable locations for the deployment of OWFs should not only include technical-engineering terms (e.g. high wind energy efficiency, bottom suitability, inland infrastructures) but also ecological–environmental considerations (e.g. the least possible impact on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning) and socio-economic aspects (e.g. effects on coastal and marine activities, development of marine spatial planning). In the context of the FP7 CoCoNet project, the integration between OWFs and MPAs is based on four main steps: (i) the identification of existing (networks of) MPAs focusing on the biodiversity distribution patterns and current legislation, (ii) the coupling of offshore wind potential within networks of MPAs, (iii) the evaluation of the knowledge gained up to date and the theoretical approaches at the two pilot sites of the Mediterranean and Black sea basins, and (iv) the development of the "Smart Wind Chart", a convenient and rational tool addressed to scientists and policy makers for the evaluation of maritime policy management schemes. The latter step comprises the core of this work.
Expanding the nationalist echo-chamber into the mainstream: Swedish anti-immigration activity on Twitter, 2010-2013
Authors: Urniaz Piotr
Published: March 2016

Blogs, social media, and search engines have democratized information seekers and providers. However, the same affordances of the Internet have also contributed to resurgence and transformation of far-right and racist communities. Despite a growing number of studies of far-right communities, little attention has so far been paid to the mechanisms through which far-right and racist ideologies are presented to the wider public. This paper contributes to this field of research with a longitudinal study of Swedish anti-immigration activity on Twitter between 2010 and 2013. Results are placed in a larger context provided by additional data from blogs and related studies.
#DearCongress: A public letter
Authors: Montemurro Elisabeth , Kamerer David
Published: March 2016

#DearCongress was prevalent within Twitter discourse during the 2013 U.S. government shutdown. The hashtag allowed a community to form by assembling around a common topic. What a group communicates through social networks cannot be separated from its context. This micro-analysis of #DearCongress utilizes discourse tracing through word clouds, guided by Bruns & Burgess’ concept of an ad hoc public. By looking at the commentary during a political and time stamped event, we can better understand the role discourse plays in group formation, evolution, and impact.
Attachment to Facebook and the civic lives of minority college students in the United States
Authors: Dalisay Francis , Kushin Matthew , Yamamoto Masahiro , Liu Yung-I , Buente Wayne
Published: March 2016

A survey of minority college students attending an urban university in the U.S. Midwest was conducted to examine the links between emotional attachment to Facebook and levels along key civic indicators. Results suggested that minority college students’ emotional attachment to Facebook is positively associated with their off-line and online political participation, social trust, and neighborliness, but not with their off-line and online civic engagement. Also, the findings indicate moderate levels of emotional attachment to Facebook, off-line civic engagement, off-line political participation, and social trust, and low levels of online civic engagement and online political participation among minority college students.
The metaphors we stream by: Making sense of music streaming
Authors: Hagen Anja Nylund
Published: March 2016

In Norway music-streaming services have become mainstream in everyday music listening. This paper examines how 12 heavy streaming users make sense of their experiences with Spotify and WiMP Music (now Tidal). The analysis relies on a mixed-method qualitative study, combining music-diary self-reports, online observation of streaming accounts, Facebook and last.fm scrobble-logs, and in-depth interviews. By drawing on existing metaphors of Internet experiences we demonstrate that music-streaming services can make sense as tools, places, and ways of being. Music streaming as lifeworld mediation is discussed as a fourth framework for understanding online music experiences, particularly those arising from mobile and ubiquitous characteristics of contemporary Internet technology.
Do boato à lenda. Comunicação informal e fronteiras identitárias nas origens da controvérsia donatista
Authors: Oliveira Julio Cesar Magalhães de
Published: March 2016

Muito já se escreveu sobre as origens da controvérsia donatista como uma memória reconstruída em contextos posteriores ou, ao contrário, como um conjunto de fatos, que embora obscuros, poderiam ser reconstituídos pela crítica documental. Pouco se considera, porém, as ambiguidades que já estavam presentes desde o início nas percepções dos cristãos africanos e que contribuíram para a construção dessas memórias divergentes. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os diferentes usos que os rumores, os boatos e as conversas informais tiveram na eclosão da controvérsia donatista e entender o processo que elevou essas histórias de estatuto ainda incerto à condição de crenças que justificavam e delimitavam as fronteiras identitárias entre os cristãos africanos.
Os limites da basileia segundo João Crisóstomo: reflexões sobre o tratado ´Uma comparação entre o rei e o monge´
Authors: Silva Gilvan Ventura da
Published: March 2016

Vivendo numa sociedade confrontada amiúde pela ameaça dos persas e dos germanos, João Crisóstomo, ao contrário de seus antecessores, como Eusébio de Cesareia, não concebia o governo do basileus como dotado de qualquer significado religioso especial. O Império Romano, para João, constituía apenas um governo de homens sobre homens resultante de uma eleição. Um governo que, portanto, não se encontrava inscrito na ordem da natureza e nem tampouco comportava elementos místicos, sobrenaturais, visto estar sujeito à corrupção e à degenerescência. Em suas obras, João raramente se refere ao Imperium Christianum e é bastante lacônico ao mencionar os soberanos de seu tempo, o que sugere certo desinteresse pelo tema. Na realidade, o basileus não representava, segundo o autor, o modelo de cristão a ser imitado, distinção que caberia ao monge. Tendo em vista estas considerações, temos por finalidade discutir as características do ofício régio na Antiguidade Tardia, período de consolidação do movimento monástico, à luz do pensamento de João Crisóstomo. Para tanto, exploraremos uma das suas primeiras obras: o tratado Uma comparação entre o rei e o monge, composto no início da década de 370, em Antioquia.
Revisitando a história da imigração e da colonização no Paraná provincial
Authors: Mendonça Joseli Maria Nunes
Published: March 2016

Este artigo objetiva revisitar dois temas consagrados na historiografia sobre o Paraná - a colonização e a imigração. Os estudos que se dedicaram a tais temáticas tenderam, no geral, a enfatizar a estreita relação entre estas duas experiências históricas, registrando que, no Paraná, a colonização se efetivou por meio da imigração e esta foi implementada no sentido de colonizar a região, o que se fez por meio de pequenos proprietários de origem estrangeira (os colonos) que se dedicavam à agricultura de abastecimento. Utilizando fontes também já bastante exploradas por pesquisadores da história regional – relatórios de presidentes de província e legislação – mas priorizando um período pouco estudado – os anos 1850 e 1860 – e elencando questões relacionadas à definição de políticas públicas para a província recém-constituída, a pesquisa evidenciou que a proletarização foi uma experiência comum para os imigrantes naquele período e que os chamados “nacionais” foram agentes fundamentais nos projetos de colonização então implementados. O artigo, portanto, problematiza a sinonímia constituída pela historiografia entre os termos imigração e colonização, evidenciando um contexto de rupturas, indeterminações e expectativas múltiplas.
A tradição em dois escopos: patrimônio cultural e sambas de roda
Authors: Silveira Marcus Bernardes de Oliveira
Published: March 2016

O Samba de Roda passou por um processo de patrimonialização nos anos de 2004 e 2005, sendo considerado consecutivamente Patrimônio Imaterial Nacional pelo IPHAN e Patrimônio Oral da Humanidade pela UNESCO. Em função do crescente aumento de políticas públicas no campo cultural, nota-se a intersecção da tradição que deve ser reconhecida e ajudada pelo Estado (representante burocrático da modernidade). Neste ínterim, ocorre um processo de valorização da música (o Samba de Roda) em detrimento dos atores envolvidos no processo. Este artigo, a partir do estudo etnográfico do Samba de Roda na cidade de Conceição do Jacuípe – BA problematiza tanto as dinâmicas de socialização promovidas pelo samba quanto a história da cidade, buscando compreender o processo de construção social da música; apresentando também as relações entre os discursos e práticas de tradição dos grupos pesquisados com a dimensão política do processo de patrimonialização.