bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SOLAR ENERGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN LIBYA
Authors: Hewedy Ismaeel H. , Mansor Nabil , Ben Sauod Khalid
Published: February 2020

This study presents the solar energy used in Libya consists of solar electric (PV) and solar thermal applications. The solar energy of source can contribute in generating renewable electricity these study objectives, so that it potential in Libya and Evaluation of solar Energy application in Libya. The methodology of this study carried out in three stages as follows: The first stage involves a literature review on the status study of the assessment of the Libyan experimental with solar energy and applications in heating and cooling, and electric power generation from solar energy. The second Stage Identification Survey Based on the finding of stage 1, an identification survey will be carried out from the range of selected articles and papers. The selected articles, journals and proceedings papers are now focused on the assessment of the Libyan experimental with solar energy. The literature review covered about 42 selected journals that will be taken into consideration. The third Stage the Data Compilation and Interpretation. The data are compiled and interpreted into four subtopics; all two subtopics are discussed in details and analyzed. So the total energy received on horizontal plan reach up to 7.1 KWh/m2 per day, the PV system has utility as a strategic source of electrical energy generation in the Southern region of Libya. It is because of the failure which occurred during its performance caused by the increase of its surface temperature during the operation. Libya has a good potential of solar energy which can be used in different applications.
Effect of media type, hormone treatments and incubation periods on the in vitro shoot formation and growth of pineapple (Ananas comosus L Merr) cv. Smooth cayenne.
Authors: Hamad Dr. Abdelhamid
Published: February 2020

Combination of six different media (CH, DP, LS, MS, MT and N) and two hormone treatments (BAP alone at 2.25 mg.l-1 and combination of BAP at 3.25 plus IAA at 1.75 mg.l-1) were tested for its effect on the shoot formation and shoot length and weight of Smooth cayenne pineapple over three different incubation periods (30, 60 and 75 days). The optimum media varied according to the parameter used for assessment and hormone treatment. After 30 days of incubation, the highest shoot formation (7 shoots) obtained in MT enriched with BAP alone and LS enriched with combination of BAP and IAA while after 60 days the highest shoot formation (9 shoots) obtained in CH, MS and MT media enriched with BAP alone. After 75 days, CH medium enriched with combination of BAP and IAA resulted in the highest shoot formation (14 shoots). For production of tallest and heaviest shoots shorter incubation of 30 days and MT medium enriched with combination of BAP and IAA was the best choice (11mm, 0.36 g). MS which is the most commonly used medium was at all parameters and irrespective of the hormone treatments and incubation periods inferior than the other media. Recommendation of certain medium type for pineapple should be restricted to the intended length of incubation period and the growth parameter of major interest.
TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR TO LIBYAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: CURRENT SITUATION AND SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE
Authors: ELREMALI ALSEDIEG
Published: February 2020

In Libya students start learning English as one of the main subjects from the age of 12 until the university stage. Libyan teachers followed the old traditional system, which was the grammar translation method. This method was based on analysing the grammar rules followed by translating of sentences and texts into the students‟ target language and memorizing large amount of vocabulary. For that reason, teachers tended to use the grammar translation method by focusing on these features. In Libya, the teaching was by using a translation method, which emphasized the acquisition of vocabulary through reading. As a result, teachers ignored all the communicative approach and techniques inside the class, for instance using different interaction activities such as games to attract learners‟ attention and keep them interested in the topic. I suggest authentic texts for the reason that they have been written for a communicative purpose and they are more interesting than texts which have been invented to illustrate the usage of some features of the target language; learners are thus likely to find them more motivating than invented texts.
الجذور المعرفية والفكرية للتسامح الديني في الحضارة
Authors: العوامي د. مقبولة مسعود على
Published: February 2020

The religious tolerance topicis so important, and especially these days where plague has multiplied in the Islamic religion, and attempts to falsify its bright reality have increased.In this research, we clarifiedthe extent of space provided in the verses of the Holy Koranand the purified Sunna, and the writings of Islamic Scholars of the meaning of Mercy and Pardon, which meanings are the principles of tolerance that was enrooted in the history of Humanity before the appearance of Islam and after it and were the manifestation and the fruits of it. In this research we clarified the positive roots of the meaning of Tolerance, and which is a part of the nature of Islam and its essence, where Tolerance characterized the behavior of Muslims in the measure of their compliance with the teaching of Islam in all ages and countries, and relation between Tolerance and Islam, in abolishing racial segregation, and the acceptance of diversity and co-existing with others in a way that was so rare in thehistory of other different civilizations
THE DESIGN OF DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR THE PROMOTION OF TRADITIONAL LEATHER-MADE CRAFTS IN WESTERN SUDAN
Authors: Abdal Rahman. Dr. Abdal Mageed Ahmad
Published: February 2020

In an attempt to advance developmental approach for the promotion of traditional leather-made craft, this paper seeks to attain the intended goals through promoting production tools and equipment (appropriate technology) upgrading and qualifying the target group and promoting marketing systems. Technical and managerial skills can be attained, not only by the traditional on-the-job training of apprentices, but most effective and important through schooling, vocational and training centres. Promotion and modernization of production tools and equipments has to begin by eliminating factors impeding the process. Successful approaches for upgrading and qualifying the target group should start from the point where the development of this craftsmanship begins, that is, to consider technical capabilities of these artisans (i.e. to adopt development from below paradigm). In this regard three approaches are proposed for tackling the development of this sector in western Sudan. It turns out, therefore, that the process of development necessitates intervention of governments and other donor agencies (i.e. outsiders). As this sector of these craftsmen is financially and organizationally weak, the stud proposed guidelines to modernize them, in addition to the development of marketing systems.
مصدر الضبط وعلاقته بالتفاؤل والتشاؤم لدى عينة من طلبة جامعة طبرق
Authors: ابساط د. ابراهيم ابوبكر محمد
Published: February 2020

هدفت الدراسة الى فحص العلاقة بين مصدر الضبط وكل من التفاؤل والتشاؤم، وذلك على عينة من طلبة وطالبات كليتي الآداب والعلوم جامعة طبرق، وذلك بواقع 17 طالب وطالبة يتوزعون بين الاقسام العلمية والادبية ومن المرحلتين الثانية والرابعة وقد استخدم الباحث مقياس الضبط الداخلي والخارجي من اعداد علاء الدين كفافي والقائمة العربية للتفاؤل والتشاؤم اعداد احمد عبدالخالق، وقد اسفرت النتائج على عدم وجود فروق جوهرية بين عينات الدراسة الحالية في استفتاء التشاؤم واستفتاء التفاؤل والضبط الخارجي، فضلا عن عدم وجود علاقة بين مصدر الضبط الداخلي والتفاؤل، وكذلك عدم وجود علاقة بين مصدر الضبط الخارجي والتشاؤم، وتبين ايضا وجود فروق جوهرية في مصدر الضبط وفق متغير التخصص علمي / ادبى، كما اوضحت الدراسة عدم وجود فروق في التفاؤل والتشاؤم وفق متغير التخصص علمي / ادبى.
Peers observation
Authors: Masaud Dr. Mohamed Mabrouk
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to suggest new approaches to formal classroom observation as a tool forteacher self-improvement. It is felt that the present system of formal observation in Libya is tooauthoritarian for real self-development. To further help in the process, peer observation is suggestedas a means of building up teacher self-confidence. As "reflective practitioners", teachers can learnfrom their own experience. Peer observation can act as a support to formal observation. Both formaland informal classroom observations occur within the context of a whole teacher training philosophy.Thus, the teacher-training model is very important as the starting point for teacher development.Before turning to our discussion of observation, therefore, it is important to outline briefly the mainmodels of teacher training.
الاغتراب الذاتي والقلق العصابي وعلاقتهما بتأخر سن الزواج لدى الإناث العاملات وغيرٌ العاملات، بمدينة القبة دراسة ميدانيةٌ
Authors: نور الدين د. محمد ثابت محمد
Published: February 2020

The marriage of the most important social systems and who is on the way realized the safety of social conditions, and the survival genre, due to the delayed age of marriage for female workers and non-workers in the Libyan society, for many reasons, and because of the fear of parents on the fate of their daughter and society's perception of her as a spinster problem, hence the show due to increased Their numbers and reluctance of young people to marry, there is no difference between an educated girl working and non-working. "The US University of Michigan has found that" young people who belong to the families of high prestige and riches prefer girls from the same level. It had reached "the pride of Islam" (1999) in his study titled psychological neurosis and its relationship to delay the age of marriage that patients hysteria increase the proportion of those unmarried individuals. And achieve "Otaaj" (2001) that the female unmarried less in social participation and less sense of happiness. The researcher concluded:1. There were statistically significant differences between female workers and non-workers in the following dimensions (discontent, anxiety and social isolation and centralized self) female workers in favor.2. There are no statistically significant differences Ben female workers and non-workers only after the (lack of affiliation).3. There are significant differences between the study sample for the benefit of workers in the group after social isolation - a central Allambalah- self - the loss of meaning.
علاقة الرسول مع أهل الذمة
Authors: بدر د.هاشم
Published: February 2020

The study endeavor to knowing how Prophet Muhammad laborer owners of of other monotheistic religions, I started the definition Dhimmis, and then I talked about poll tax ration And why I took then so I studied relationship of the Apostle to the Jews sought the Apostle to the annexation of the Jews the state Islamic and the treaties Signed the Apostle in Yathri and how repeal Jewish conventions and their attempts to kill the Prophet, which have resulted evacuate them of Yathrib also I studied the Apostle relationship with Christians, the Apostles sent to Kings and the relation the Prophet Najashi and Immigration companions of the Prophet to Abyssinia,so have adopted to a large of a number of books Related the auctioneer.
تأثيرات السمية الوراثية لمبيد الحشائش Goal ) )على نبات ( Allium cepa L )
Authors: على د. عزالدين , ارحومه د. مفتاح
Published: February 2020

The genotoxicity effects of herbicide Goal was evaluated in the root meristem cells of onion plant (Allium cepa L.; 2n=16). The effective concentration (EC50) value was determined for herbicide Goal. The bulbs of homogeneously rooted transferred to the control and different treatments for tested herbicide. The results showed that, all concentration and treatment periods were induced a number of chromosomal aberrations in root tips cells of Allium cepa L. Five types of aberrations were recorded: stickiness, bridges, laggards C-mitosis and fragments. The results of present study clearly indicate the utility of root meristem cells of Allium cepa L. in bio-monitoring environmental pollutants such as herbicides.
The Impact of Women's Work on Family and Social Relations
Authors: Alzarani. Dr. Abdul Salam
Published: February 2020

This research deals with the subject of the influence of women going out to work on the family and social relationships. The phenomenon of the functioning of women, especially the mother, is no longer considered as related to women themselves, but beyond that to the family and society as a whole as their exit to work will leave behind a big and serious responsibilities in the upbringing of children and preparing them to be normal individuals psychologically and socially, and care for the pair also meet his needs, reflected on family life, and has had a deep impact in changing and developing the social status of working women, as well as the roles and functions in society. There is no doubt that the change in roles will be accompanied by a change in relations. The studies on the results or effects of women's work were conflicting on marital relations, raising children, and their results, and even on the overall community through its institutions. There are those who emphasize the negative effects of women's work on family life, especially if she has children, while others prove that the psychological satisfaction that women get on exercising their work reflect positively on marital and family relations, as we will show in the next study the causes and motives of women who out to the fields of employment, and how it reflects both positive and negative effects on family life on the one hand, and the families of the community.
المــدن الأيونية من الحكم الليدي إلى الحكم الفارســــي
Authors: أحميدة أ. خالد
Published: February 2020

Originated Ionian cities in Asia Minor coast a natural result of the movement of the major colonial Greek during the eighteenth and sixteenth BC, has this movement occurred as a result of several factors, including repellents for the country's poor Greeks in terms of water and agricultural land of nature, it has been overtaken by the mountainous highlands that have prevented the country's unity which was the primary reason for the emergence of what is known as the city state, and among the reasons that led to these migrations invasion league that has swept the country Greeks prompting indigenous Populations to migrate outside their country, and which helped to ease the movement, the weakness of the ancient Near East countries, the state has fallen recital that was in control of Asia Minor, and shrank Egyptian influence as a result of the Assyrian threat, which also dominated the Phoenician coast that reduced the influence of the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean, as a result of the movement of many cities founded and was mostly on the Ionian Coast, and this was an independent city completely from enterprise cities have , but she did not enjoy their freedom as it fell under the Lady influence that could subject them by force and sometimes by deception at other times, and after the growing influence of the Median state, are turning their sights to the State of Lydia, which Malbutt that has been studied, along with the cities of the Ionian coast, after the control of the Persian Achaemenids the brothers Almaidin Ionian cities moved to the control of the Persian King Cyrus the result of the policy of the alliance with Babylon before they dominated in 539 BC, who controlled the Cyprus became threatening Ionian cities Malbutt be entered under his rule
النمذجة الآلية لتعميم خرائط استعمالات الأرض الحضرية لمدينة بلد في العراق
Authors: الكبيسي د. أحمد , الزيدي أ.د. نجيب
Published: February 2020

The phenomenon of land use is one of the spatial phenomena that ran a lot of researchers as representing the events and activities of human, and its interactions with the human variables, nature and organize resources and land use within the city and studied for the purpose of employment of the possibilities available to the best use, research deals with the practical side of modeling applications cartographic for the dissemination of land use in the city of Balad, using a program (ARC GIS-10) through the circular tool box (TOOL bOX), where he was preparing generalized maps to four gauges adoption fee issuers scale (1: 25,000) and circulate maps to scales (1: 50000-1: 100000-1: 250000).
 The importance of research in the field of circular cartographic geographical phenomena (raster and linear and areal) of the uses of urban land in the city, and offer technical and applied problems and stages of generalization for multiple standards and differences and diversity in the sizes and levels of generalization and its impact on cognitive cartographic .otousel search new maps generalized enhanced schedules data circular, in order to give an idea of the mechanism of cartographic modeling when circular in land use, especially for the applied side. Keywords: modeling mechanism, land use, circulation of cartographic, geographic information systems
القلق في شعر علي الفزاني
Authors: الرحيبي د.سوف
Published: February 2020

We show in this study of the phenomenon of anxiety in the poetry of the poet Libby, enabled his talent to reach the world, and even become poets who had their hair witness to an important stage of the Libyan and Arab history, we have offered to the manifestations of anxiety according to a scientific vision logical benefited in which the arguments of psychology, sociology, philosophy scholars , to come out search result that Toukanha since the beginning, is the presence of a large gap between Aelovesana society, though pretended revolutionary rebellion, Vtmrdh was only express myself clear on the non-acceptance of the reality he sees is only in the sense that the poetic vision of Fsana made him look lens and another seen from the angle different.
 We do not want here dragging in the analysis, it is not here him, but wanted clarification of what was interpreted restless life that we read in the poetry of Ali Aelovesana, and in this paper we address the definition of anxiety as a painful personal experienced poet experience, as a result he felt no attention from those around him individuals, as well as his sense of the inability to establish a social relationship, reflected in the overall hair.
أثـر تكنولوجيـا المعلومـات على تحقيـق أهـداف أصحـاب المنافـع - دراسـة ميدانيـة بالتطبيـق على البنـوك التجاريـة الليبيـة بمدينة طرابلس
Authors: عوض د. رجعة
Published: February 2020

The problem of this study lies in the weakness of the optimal use of information technology in Libyan commercial banks - leading to negative effect on achieving the objectives of stakeholders in these banks. Accordingly, this study aimed to verify the impact of use of information technology on achieving the objectives of stakeholders in Libyan public commercial banks. The main findings of the study showed that there is a significant impact of information technology on achieving the objectives of stakeholders in the banks under study. In addition, the study confirmed that it is necessary to pay attention to the technological infrastructure and financial support in order to increase the efficiency of the talent, experience and knowledge of administrative and technical work - related banking.
Infant mortality by congenital malformations
Authors: El-Saiti Asma , EL-Figih Yasmina
Published: February 2020

The infant mortality by congenital malformation is considered as one of the most important causes of death, it has many complications on both the infant and the mother. The main objectives of this study are: (I) to identify the demographic and maternal-infant factors which influencing the congenital malformation (II) to compare the factors which affected congenital malformation in the two groups (Benghazi, its suburbs, and Eastern area). To achieve these objectives, a simple random sample of size 449 of infant mortality for the period (2000-2005) , 299 of them from Benghazi pediatric hospital )new born baby section) of Benghazi, and its suburbs, and the other (150 ( from El-Marj central hospital of Eastern area. Multiple logistic regression, comparison of proportions are used to achieve the above objectives. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis for the type of malformation revealed that the mortality by congenital malformation increases as age of infant increases, and death by congenital malformation increase in the case of big size baby, deaths by congenital malformation increased in the case of identification of the blood groups of mother and the child, and increased in Eastern area, also type of delivery has negative effect on heart, and brain malformation. That is it increases in normal delivery, and the probability of death by congenital malformation increases as the weight of the child increases, also mother frequently delivery increase the chance of heart and brain malformation occurrence. The results of comparison of the two group's proportions, the congenital malformation seems to be associated with the residence factors, also it associated type of delivery, and frequently in normal delivery, parent's kinship is correlated with infant mortality by congenital malformation; also the age of mother is correlated with infant mortality.
المنهج العلمي عند الأطباء العرب والمسلمين
Authors: الفيتورى د. دلال
Published: February 2020

The progress of all medical branches that the arab muslim doctors had reached was not just a coincidence . lt was their bermanent succeed in every medical information , whether they gain it by the beobles that preceded them in this scope, or in a way that they could observe in specific symptoms may inflect human . and they could configure their own curriculum that was useful for the future generation .this curriculum debends on observation , experience and conclusion . so l tried to highlight the importance of this topic , that must be a scientific curriculum for every researcher. to achieve what he could reached , whether in the way to clarify curriculum, or by learning muslim,s medicine and clarify their methodological opinions for instruct it . and l have chosen this topic, because l am so interested in studying the medicine history, which filled with precious treasures that must be useful and prominent . My purpose of this study, is to clarify to the new generations and make them know about our arab muslim doctors, and what they have reached of scientific theories, that help them to establish a scientific represent which was useful for many lionizers.
دور ممارسات القيادة الاستراتيجية في تعزيز درجة الثقة التنظيمية للعاملين بالمنظمات الصناعية الليبية - دراسة ميدانية
Authors: الخفيفي د. مبروكة
Published: February 2020

The problem with the study in the lack of awareness among managers of organizations industrial Libyan in understanding the role and importance of the practices of strategic leadership in promoting the degree of organizational trust, and thus study aimed to identify the role of the practices of strategic leadership in the degree of organizational trust for workers, has the study concluded that the presence of significant relationship differences between the practices of strategic leadership and the degree of confidence in the regulatory and came the most important recommendations that senior management should be given more attention to these practices because of its effect on the degree of organizational trust for two years, these organizations so that they are part of their policies and programs
فقه النوازل أسبابه وضوابطه
Authors: الحامدي د.سعد
Published: February 2020

يتناول هذا البحث بيان أهم مزالق بعض المفتين في فقه النوازل، ودراسة الأسباب التي أدت إليه، في أثناء محاولتهم إيجاد حلول ومخارج شرعية للوقائع والمستجدات التي طرأت على أمتنا، فهذه المزالق متعددة ومتنوعة في آن واحد، وعلى من يتصدى للفتوى فيها أن يكون على حذر من هذه المزالق، وأن يتفطن إليها لتكون فتواه صحيحة موافقة لأحكام شريعتنا، مع إعطاء لمحة موجزة عن التعريف بفقه النازلة وأهميتها، والألفاظ ذات الصلة بها، وضوابط الاجتهاد فيها.
العقوبة بالتشهير في الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: العبار د. سعد
Published: February 2020

The penalties in the criminal system vary depending on the crimes, criminals, their circumstances, and the extent necessary to deter them. Most importantly, the effectiveness of the punishment in preventing others from being a victim of this criminal. This is achieved through defamation against all. Defamation is a sanction sanctioned by the Islamic Shari'a, if it takes into account the legal controls. In this paper we present the statement of the concept of punishment by defamation, the legitimate rule of defamation in general, and then show the legitimacy of the penalty defamation, the nature of this penalty, its conditions and legal controls.
التفكك الأسري ودوره في انحراف الأحداث - دراسة ميدانية لمؤسسات رعاية وتوجيه الأحداث المنحرفين بمدينة بنغازي
Authors: حسين د. أحمد
Published: February 2020

The porpoise of this research was to seell understanding of the types of family disintegration and their effects on the children , who may become oblique's also was to take concern of the family , and to put limits to the study was based on cerl pint theory on juvenile delinquency and on social survey. The research contents of five chapter ; The first chapter about The problem importance proposes and queries of the study and to determine scientific terminology. The second Chapter is about exploring delinquency phenomenon and the reasons , also about the family and its relation to delinquency behavior and the importune of the family in religions. The third Chapter is about demonstrative analysis of the family. The fourrth Chapter is about systematic procedures of the study finally the fifth Chapter procedures the results of the cutely. The study found out that there is a close relation between family disintegration and juvenile delinquency.
التجارة الخارجية في ميناء بنغازي
Authors: المغربي أ. هويدا
Published: February 2020

يعد ميناء بنغازي ظاهرة جغرافية مميزة على الساحل الشرقي من ليبيا، فهو مركز الحركة لتطويره وتنمية باعتباره مظهر التجارية للمدينة والمناطق المجاورة لها، ولذلك فالدولة توجه اهتماماً كبيراً لتعريف بالتقدم الاقتصادي والاجتماعي في مدينة بنغازي.
وحول الميناء تنمو اكبر مدن شمال شرق ليبيا وهي (مدينة بنغازي) التي تمثل اكبر تجمع سكاني في المنطقة الشرقية ومركز جذب للعمل ، فهي تمثل بؤرة مكانية تتمركز حولها وظائف تجارية وإدارية لمدن متعددة.
The moral dimension in the organization of Islamic market
Authors: انقيدي د. محمود
Published: February 2020

In this research, the researcher sought to explain the view of Islam to the market as a forum for individuals to share the benefits and whether the moral side was present at the materialdisposition to the Muslim, or had he been given the freedom to bring his material benefit in any way to his individual benefit away from the ordained duties? The subject was addressed in three basic points:

Market as a concept and its evolution.
Market regulation and its ethics.

 •Market Judicial authority in the Islamic market
التطرف والتعصب الديني ؛ أسبابه والعوامل المؤديه اليه
Authors: عثمان د. إسماعيل
Published: February 2020

الإسلام كغيره من الأٌديان السماوية يحظر الاعتداء على النفس البشرية - بل هو أكثرها حرصا على ذلك - ، دون نظر إلى دينها أو معتقدها أو عرقها، ولا يخفى على أحد أ ّن بعض مجتمعاتنا العربية تعاني ِمن انتشار موجات التطرق خصوصا بعد ان سمي بثورات الربيع العربي. وبالتالي فإن الكشف عن جذوره، ومعرفة أسبابه هو موضوع الساعة. وتتنوع الأسباب المؤدية إلى العنف والإرهاب والتطرف، ولد تتضافر كلها أو اغلبها في الظهور لدى الشخص، وتتعاظم آثارها التي تؤدي إلى زعزعة النظام المجتمعي وما تعانيه بعض البلاد العربية اليوم لأوضح دليل على ذلك، والمعلوم أن الأمان النفسي يعد من أهم الضرورات الإنسانية لدى البشرية جمعاء.
بعض متغيرات الوجدان السالب لدى عينة من طلبة جامعة بنغازي في ظل الأحداث الراهنة
Authors: امتوبل د. عائشة
Published: February 2020

The current research aims to discover the interconnections between negative affect factors (i.e. anger, hostility and pessimism) as well as finding out the levels of negative affect factors in research sample as a whole, the difference in these factors between the genders. The research sample included 260 students at Benghazi University.
The students were 7th and 8th semester students from a variety of faculties (arts and education, science, economics and engineering).
The research tools used were the anger and hostility measurements which are branches of the aggressive Behavior Measurement for teenagers and adults prepared, by Batha (2003) as well as the pessimism measurement taken from the Arabic optimism and pessimism Index by Abdel Khaliq (1996).
تأثير السياحة على موقع التراث العالمي قوريني
Authors: عبدالكريم د. احمد
Published: February 2020

هذه الورقة يتناول موضوع تاثير السياحة علي احد مواقع التراث الثقافي في ليبيا )قوريني( عبر تقديم حول قوريني كوجهة سياحية، ثم توضيح انواع السياحة في المدينة واظهار تاثيراتها علي الموقع
الإعلان الدستوري الليبي الصادر في 8 أغسطس 1122 م - دراسة تأصيلية تحليلية في ضوء مفهوم الإعلانات الدستورية
Authors: الدغيلي د. سلوى
Published: February 2020

When the Libyan constitutional declaration was issued in August 2011, like any rules that carry provisions that regulate the citizen's political, economic and social life. On the other hand, About its legal value and the status it occupies between the rules governing the legislative pyramid in Libya and its relationship with these rules.Everyone knows that since Libya's constitutional declaration in 1969 following its coup against the regime, and until 2011, Gaddafi has not ruled Libya through a clear constitution, in which the three authorities determine their relationship with each other, as in traditional regimes through some documents that Issued on the dates spaced and recognized by the Libyan judiciary value and constitutional nature. Hence, our choice was to examine the legal value of this constitutional declaration and to consolidate it in the light of the concept of constitutional declarations in the comparative constitutional jurisprudence, because there is controversy over its legal value and ranking among the legislative rules in the country, with the consequences of this result
Religious Dimension of the First Jewish Revolt (66-70 A.D)
Authors: Hazawi Dr. Intisar
Published: February 2020

According to the Romano-Jewish historian Josephus (c. 37/38-100 A.D.), the First Jewish Revolt began in Jerusalem in 66 A.D., and its effects were soon felt in Cyrenaica after Alexandria and Antioch. A group known as the Sicari (murderers) made its way to Cyrene.1 This group was led by a man named Jonathan, who recruited additional followers from the poor Jewish community of Cyrene. He led them out to attack the area around Cyrene, then they escaped to the desert, after they caused in the deaths of a large number of the inhabitants. They were eventually martyred at the hands of the Roman governor. This paper analyses Josephus’ accounts to offer a better understanding of the first Jewish riot in Cyrenaica, and the possible religious factor leading to this revolt
الحوادث المرورية على الطرقات بمنطقة الجبل الأخضر (شعبية البيضاء سابقا) أسبابها وسبل معالجتها
Authors: حمد أ. فضل
Published: February 2020

تعتبر الحوادث المرورية من أهم المشكلات التي تعاني منها المجتمعات المعاصرة ولاسيما المجتمع الليبي - ولا ريب في هذا - فليبيا تعد من دول العالم الأولى التي لوحظ ازدياد معدل الحوادثالمرورية بها، إضافة الى الخسائر الاقتصادية التي تتكبدها الدولة نتيجة هذه الحوادث. تهدف هذه الورقة لإلقاء الضوء على الحوادث المرورية بمنطقة الجبل الأخضر )شعبية البيضاء سابقا( فالتدهور الأمني وضعف أجهزة الشرطة والمرور في ليبيا بشكل عام وبمنطقة الجبل الأخضر بشكل خاص وعدم وجود رقابة على استيراد المركبات مع بقاء الطرق كما هي عليه دون صيانة أو توسعة زاد من تفاقم وازدياد أعداد الوفيات والجرحى والاصابات البليغة ذات الإعاقة جراء هذه المشكلة مما نتج عنها تدني ملحوظ في السلامة المرورية، كما تناقش هذه الورقة أيضا أهم الأسباب التي أدت لإزدياد مشكلة الحوادث والمتمثلة في العنصر البشري وسلوكياته، ووسائل النقل، وعنصر الطريق وضعف التصميم الهندسي والإنشائي به وعدم وجود صيانة دورية لجسم الطريق، وأخيرا عنصر البيئة. كما تم اقتراح عدة توصيات بنهاية هذه الورقة وذلك للحد من الحوادث على الطرقات ورفع مستوى السلامة المرورية بمنطقة الدراسة، كما شملت هذه التوصيات عدة عوامل لرفع كفاءة أجهزة المرور من إنشاء مراكز بحوث تواكب التقدمبهذا المجال والاستفادة منها وإجراء منظومات متكاملة مرتبطة بكافة مدن الدولة الليبية.
THE INCIDANCE OF KERATOCONUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ATOPY
Authors: EL ZLITNI DR. NAEIMA
Published: February 2020

Keratoconus is progressive eye disease in which normally round cornea bulge into a cone like shape.While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed that occur due to combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors.The aim of this study was to find the increase incidence of keratoconus among atopic patients with acute, chronic or past history of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.This study was retrospective analysis of 97 atopic patients (194 eyes) where all attend to DAR ELTAMUZ private ophthalmology clinic in Benghazi Libya from (15-12-2016) to (15-06-2017) 6 month duration 53 of them diagnosed by history and ophthalmological examination (Slit Lamp) as a case of acute or chronic vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 7 of the 53 patients diagnosed by slit lamp, auto refract meter, topography, pentacam as keratoconus cases.From this study we find that there was a great significant relation between increases incidence of keratoconus among atopic patients with vernal keratoconjunctivities comparing with normal population.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution in roadside soils of Benghazi city in Libya
Authors: Alwrfaly, Rehab , Bader Nabil , Rahuma Mohamed
Published: February 2020

Assessment of heavy metal pollutants, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Pb was conducted in roadside soil in Benghazi city in Libya using contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) methods. The metals have been detected by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The city has been divided to four regions and the metal contamination levels have been calculated and compared
Sperm abnormality toxicity due to Methotrex in male rat rats
Authors: Gazi Zeinab
Published: February 2020

Methotrexate commonly used to treat cancer and caused reproductive damage in mice , . In this study, the effects of methotrexate on some parameters of sperms on mice testis after 35 days of MTX administration intraperitoneally (ip). twelve adult male mice were divided into control and treated groups composed of 6 mice in each group. Treated group received methotrexate in dose i.e 20mglkg, whereas control one received normal saline intraperitoneally, the results showed significant (P<0.05) increased percentage of abnormalities of sperms in mice treated with MTX compared to control, these data suggested that MTX administration induced sperm shape abnormalities.
تأثير بعض المعاملات لتقليل ضرر البرودة في ثمار الفلفل الحلو (.Capsicum annum L ) صنف California big max
Authors: العجيلي فاطمة
Published: February 2020

اجريت هذه الد ا رسة بهدف تقييم تأثير نظام تبادل الح ا ررة وتهيئة االثمار وتغليفها بمغلف Cling film على ثمار الفلفلالحلو، صنف California big max ، وذلك بتخزين الثمار لمدة 3 و 5 ايام في درجة ح ا ررة 4 م ويوم واحد في درجة ºم لمدة 83 ساعة ، وكذلك تغليف الثمار بمغلف º ح ا ررة الغرفة ، بالاضافة الى تهيئة الثمار بتع ريضها لدرجة ح ا ررة 33Cling film وتغليف الثمار بعد التهيئة في تقليل حدة ونسبة الإصابة بضرر البرودة والفقد في الوزن وانتشار الأم ا رضبعد التخزين عند درجة ح ا ررة 4 م لمدة 02 يوما. ºاشارت النتائج إلى أن قطع درجات الح ا ررة المنخفضة ) 4 م( كل 3 ايام لمدة يوم واحد عند درجة ح ا ررة الغرفة ) 05 م° º0± ( وتغليف الثمار بالمغلف البلاستيكي Cling film كان لهما تأثير كبير في تقليل حدة ونسبة الإصابة بضررالبرودة. كما أن التغليف، كمعاملة اضافية، بعد التهئية ا زد من تأثير التهيئة في خفض أع ا رض ونسبة ضرر البرودة.م، وأقل نسبة فقد في º بشكل عام، التخزين في درجات ح ا ررة منخفضة قلل من الفقد في الوزن مقارنة بدرجة ح ا ررة 32الوزن سجلت لمعاملة التغليف بعد التهيئة وكانت 3.70 %. هذا ولم تؤثر المعاملات المستخدمة بشكل واضح علىالإصابة بالأم ا رض.
(العلاقات الليبيَّة المصريَّة زمن الرعامسة(من عصر رعمسيس الثاني وحتى نهاية عصر رعمسيس الحادي عشر
Authors: الحربي د. الناجي
Published: February 2020

The Ramaise is a name for a period of ancient Egypt, specifically in the era of the modern state, which includes the era of the 19th and 20th centuries. It was named after the Ramesses, in comparison to those who carried the name Ramesses. First year 1292 BC. And until Ramses XI, which by the end of his rule ended with the era of Ramses in 1077 BC. Since the Egyptian-Libyan relations have long been restored, since before the Egyptian families, the ancient Egyptian sources referred to the Libyan tribes in different places and in different names such as tinkering, disobedience, confusion and repo. Where the word wiping in many sources since the era of the old state, referring to the Libyans in different forms. The land of the Libyans, however, is one of the Libyan tribes that belongs to the white-skinned groups. Hence, they can be distinguished from dark-skinned people. It is in this context that we must study the relations that prevailed with the Libyans during the time of the Ramesses.
(2010-1954)النمو السكاني في إقليم بنغازي خلال الفترة من
Authors: الخفيفي محمد
Published: February 2020

Through the study of population growth census for the territory of Benghazi that in the period 1954-1964, the rate of population growth was (4.4%) and then declined to (3.7%) during the period 1984-1995. Then it rose slightly to record (2.2%) during the period 2006-2010. Said that the rise in the rate of population growth did not reach the level it was in the 1980s of the last century, this study seeks to answer the following question: what is reason behind the decline in population growth rates in the territory of the Benghazi?The study aimed to clarify the difference in the rate of increase in the size of the population of the territory. As well as highlighting the role played by natural increase and other natural resources. Also, it exhibits the importance of the study of population growth in the affected by economic, social and political factors, which lead to high rates of growth or decline, and this is reflected on the composition and distribution of the population.The descriptive approach of analytical work, based on data collection, compilation and interpretation. As well as the evolutionary historical approach, and the reliance on the comparative approach. The researcher adopted general censuses of population and vital statistics data conversion to tables and forms. The researcher in this study has depended on a set of standards such as the Exponential equation, and the equation of the expected number of years to double the population, the rate of birth and crude. Finally, the study showed that the size of the population of the territory has doubled twice throughout the period of study. It also shows that the crude birth had risen evenly reached their peak in 1984 recorded (52.9 per thousand), and then fell to record in 2009 (27.7 per 1,000)
دور المقدسي في تطور علم الجغرافيا دراسة نظرية في تاريخ تطور - الفكر الجغرافي
Authors: عبد الشفيع د. موسى , عبد القادر د. أبو عبيدة
Published: February 2020

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى الدراسة الى تسليط الضوء على ابرز إسهامات المقدسي في تطور الفكر الجغرافي والجغرافيا الإقليمية وعلم الخرائط، من خلال معرفة الأسس التي تم انتهجها المقدسي فيتقسيم الأقاليم الجغرافية، وشرحت هذه الدراسة الوحدات القياسية الواردة في كتاباته. كما خلصت هذه الدراسة الى نتائج أهمها المكانة العلمية اللمقدسي بين علماء عصره، حيث قام بتقسيم العالم المعروفلديه إلى 41 إقليم وقد برع في توضيح الطرق والمسالك، وتوصيف المدن، كما قام بإدخال الألوان على الخريطة وكان بارعاً في رسم وتوضيح الظواهر الطبيعية على الخرائط.
حركات لا توصف بعلامة إعراب ولا علامة بناء من الإتباع الحركي الإعرابي وغيره
Authors: بن عمور د. سميرة محمد ادريس
Published: February 2020

الظواهر اللغويةٌ في اللغة العربيةٌ كثيرٌة ومتنوعة، فهناك كلمات ضٌبط آخرها بعلامة لا توصف بأنها علامة إعراب و لا علامة بناء، وإنما هو ضبط صوري ظاهري قصد به مجاراة الكلمة لكلمة قبلهاأو بعدها في نوع العلامة مجاراة ظاهريةٌ، جاءت لمجرد المماثلة والمشابهة بينٌ ضبط هذه الكلمة وضبط كلمة أخرى قبلها أو بعدها، وهو ما يعٌُرف عند النحويينٌ ب ( الإتباع الحركي ) أو الحركةالناجمة عن ما يعٌُرف بالمناسبة، وهذا التنوع في الحركات من خصابص اللغة العربيةٌ، والمتتبع لهذه الحركات جٌدها متناثرة في كتب النحاة بينٌ موضحٍ لها ومؤيدٌ ومعارض، ومن هذه الحركات: حركةالمنادى المفرد العلم الموصوف ب ( ابن ) المضاف إلى علم، وحركة نعت المنادى المفرد سواء كان - أي النعت - ب( أل) أو المضاف إضافة غيرٌ محضة، والتابع المنسوق ، وحركة المنادى المفرد إذا كُرِّر وأضيفٌ اللفظ الثاني ،ً بالإضافة إلى حركة المنادى والمخصوص المحلّى ب ( أل ) بعد لفظة ( أيُّ - أيةٌُّ ) وحركة المنادى المرخم على لغة مَن نٌتظر، ومن الحركات التي لا توصف بإعراب ولا بناء حركة ( الأتباع ) بفتح الهمزة ، وحركة المجاورة ، وحركة المناسبة في المضاف إلى ياٌء المتكلم ، وفي الاستغاثة عند حذف لام المستغاث ، والفتحة التي تلحق آخر المنادى المندوب.
Used Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors to Compress the Image
Authors: Elmabrouk Tarig S. , Abdlrazg Bassma , Abushammala Samah S. Abushammala
Published: February 2020

هذا البحث هو استعراض مفصل وشرح مجال الجبر الخطي الذي جميع المفاهيم والهياكل الرياضية المعنية بالجبر الخطي. والهدف الرئيسي من هذه الورقة هو تسليط الضوء على تطبيقات كبيرة من الجبر الخطي في مجال الهندسة الطبية. تحليل المكونات الرئيسية هي واحدة من أهم خوارزميات الانضغاط وميزة استخراج المستخدمة في الهندسة. وهو يعتمد أساسا على حساب واستخراج القيم الذاتية التي يتم استخدامها بعد ذلك لتمثيل المدخلات التي تكون صورة أو مصفوفة بسيطة واستخدام تحليل المكون الرئيسي للضغط الصورة الطبية هو تطبيق مهم وخاصية من الجبر الخطي.
عزوف الطلاب عن الالتحاق بقسم الرياضيات بكلية التربية بالقبة (الأسباب – العلاج)
Authors: الفضيل أ. عجائب موسى عبد الحميد
Published: February 2020

تتناول هذه الدراسة مسألة عزوف الطلبة عن الالتحاق بقسم الرياضيات بكلية التربية / القبة و تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أهم الأسباب الي أدت إلى طهور هذه المشكلة والتي ترتب عليها حدوث نقص في معلمين الرياضيات في مختلف المؤسسات التعليمية في مدينة القبة بعكس باقي التخصصات.كما تعرض هذه الدراسة ابرز وجهات النظر المتداولة حول هذه المسألة وقد توصلت الدراسة الحالية إلى النتائج التالية:1- أسباب تتعلق بالطالب وقد قامت الباحثة باستنتاج هذه الأسباب ومنها ( انشغال اغلب الطلبة بعمل وظيفي- الطالب ليس لديه طموح- ضعف مستوى خريجي الثانوية- تكرار مرات الرسوب بالرياضيات في المراحل الدراسية السابقة).2- أسبا تتعلق بالمعلم وقد قامت الباحثة باستنتاج هذه الأسباب  و منها ( ضع إعداد مدرسي المرحلة الثانوية الإعداد الجيد- يحتاج معظم المعلمين لدخرل دورات متطررة لتدريس الرياضيات- بعض المعلمين يستخدم طرائق تدريس تقليدية).بالرغم من أن المناهج معدة إعدادا جيدا كما هر موضح في الإطار النظري و كذلك طرائق التدريس.
The relationship between economic relative deprivation and delinquency in Libya
Authors: ALDABIB Saleh . M.
Published: February 2020

أجريت الدراسة علي عينة من الاحداث الجانحين في ليبيا, وقد اختبرت العلاقة بين الحرمان النسبي والجنوح, في ضوء نظرية الضغط لمعرفة علاقة عدة متغيرات ( السكن, التعليم, الوضع المادي, عدم تساوي الفرص, وغيرها) بالجريمة.اقتصرت العينة علي الذكور من الاجداث بمؤسسة الاصلاح والتأهيل وقت اجراء الدراسة.استخدم التعدد المنهجي في هذة الدراسة للجمع بين مزايا كل من المنهج الكيفي والكمي, فجمع بين استمارة الاستبيان مع المقابلة المقننة في جمع البيانات, وذلك عام 0202 (هنا سيتم الاقتصار علي عرض الجانب الكمي فقط من الدراسة).توصلت الدراسة الي جملة من النتائج لعل ابرزها: هناك علاقة ذات ذلالة احصائية عالية في الاختلافات فيما يتعلق بنظرية الضغط بخصوص السكن والتعليم, والضغوط الاقتصادية. بناء علي نتائج اختبار LSD ,جرائم كتعاطي المخدرات, العنف, والسرقة لم تظهر اية اختلافات ذات دلالة احصائية, في حين اضهر ان نوع الجريمة اضهر دلالة احصائية مع الضغوط الناجمة عن الوضع العائلي. في حين اختبار ANOVA اضهر دلالة احصائية مع بقية المتغيرات.
رؤية تربوية عصرية لكليات التربية الليبية وفق التنمية المستدامة " فى الألفية الثالثة"
Authors: فهيم د. فتوح محمود محمد
Published: February 2020

هدفت الدراسة. لوضع بناء فلسفى للتنمية المستدامة لخريجى كلية التربية " رؤية تربوية عصرية وفق التنمية المستدامة " فى الألفية الثالثة: ترتكز إلى فلسفة التربية العملية المنشودة وسياسة تدريب المعلمين أثناء الخدمة المأمولة فى ظل رؤية تطوير عصرية لهيئة التدريس المنتظرة كما تساهم في تقديم رؤية مستقبلية تمكن المسئولين التربويين من التطويرالمهنى المستمر فى تدريب المعلم ضمن تكامل منهجى كالاستنباط والاستقراء والوصف التحليلي الذي أعتمد على رصد واستقراء الواقع، وكشف العلاقات وأوجه القصور، كآلية للمنهج النقدى الذى يكشف شبكة العلاقات التى تربط المشكلة بما يحيط بها، وتوصلت لنتائج أهمها إستراتيجية التنمية المستدامة للمعلمين من الاستراتيجيات المطلوبة، نظر ا للارتباط بين التعليم وحركة الإنتاج في المجتمع من جهة، وبين التعليم والتقدم العلمي والتقني من جهة أخرى ، ما طبق من مفردات التربية الحديثة في البلاد المتقدمة في مجال تدريب المعلم والاستفادة منها بما يتناسب مع ظروف إمكانيات نظام التعليم في كلية التربية ، فضلا عن دورات تدريبيه للمعلمين والمدراء والمشرفين التربويين أثناء الخدمة حول الأفكار التربوية الحديثة وكيفية تطبيقها في الميدان التربوي .
Effect of Phthalates residues in plastic bottled waters on reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress in male rabbits
Authors: Khaled Fayrouz. A. , Ali Marfoua. S.
Published: February 2020

Phthalates are a genealogy of man-made chemical compounds improved in the last hundred to be employment in the devise of plastics, solvents, and personal care products. They are colorless, odorless, oily liquids that do not evaporate easily and do not. Phthalate esters are widely used as plasticizer. They can migrate from plastic materials to the environment. Exposure to some of these compounds may increase the risk of getting cancer. The experiment was designed to study toxic effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on semen characteristics, testosterone levels, testicular lipid peroxidation and testicular antioxidants in male New-Zealand white rabbits for 12 weeks. Results obtained showed that DEHP significantly (P<0.05) decreased libido (by increasing the reaction time), ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm output, sperm motility (%), total motile sperm per ejaculate (TMS), packed sperm volume (PSV), total functional sperm fraction (TFSF), normal and live sperm and semen initial fructose. Also, testosterone levels, body weight (BW), relative weights of the testes (RWT) and epididymis (RWE) were decreased. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and lactate dehydrogenase were increased, while glutathione S-transferase, transaminases and phosphatases were decreased in seminal plasma of rabbits treated with DEHP compared to control. Chemically bind to the material they are added to quality assurance scheme for residue monitoring in water is quite important. Although, one cannot avoid phthalate contamination in bottled waters due to the manufacturing process, but at least special care should be taken regarding their storage conditions.
حصر فصيلة الخنافس الرواغة في حقول الخضر لعدة مواقع بمنطقة الجبل الاخضر
Authors: الفيتوري نجاح يوسف
Published: February 2020

استهدفت هذه الدراسة حساب تواجد فصيلة الخنافس الرواغة على محصول الخضر، وتم أجراء التجارب الحقلية لهذه الدراسة، حيث جمعت العينات من ثلاث مواقع متباينة الارتفاع عن سطح البحر واقعة بمنطقة الجبل الأخضر بمعدل ثلاثة حقول مزروعة بمحاصيل الخضر للموقع خلال الفترة الممتدة بين 2007.50 الي  2008.04 وشملت كل من: سوسه و الابرق و اسلنطة، ، تشير النتائج الى وجود تباين وجود فصيلة الخنافس الرواغة ما بين مواقع الدراسة فقد سجل اعلى تواجد لها فى ابريل 2008 فى كل من سوسة والابرق، فى حين بلغت ذورتها فى اسلنطة والابرق خلال شهر يونيو 2007 ، وكان اعلى تواجد فصيلة الخنافس الرواغة على محصول الخضر لمناطق الدراسة منطقة الابرق يليها سلطنة ثم سوسه حيث بلغ متوسط عدد الافراد المجموعة اسبوعيا ( 5.17 ، 3.25 و 1.1)على التوالى.
(Anatomical study of the Cerebrum of the laughing dove (Stigmatopelia senegalensis
Authors: Mohammed Ezaldin A. M. , Jala Hamed A. N. , Abd-Alhafid Youssef K. A
Published: February 2020

This species of bird distribution in Northern Libya AL-beda from Jebel Akhdar, scanty documentation exist on the neuroanatomy of this species of wild bird. So Morphological and histological study was conducted to examine the structure of prosencephalon (Cerebrum). five animals in the present study. Measurement of weight, length, width, height and volume of the intact cerebrum. from this study were observed to be The mean brain weight obtained for about 2.97g. The mean Cerebrum weight was 1.13 g. The mean Cerebrum length was 10.93mm, The mean Cerebrum width was observed to be 11.85mm, The mean Cerebrum height was 6.65mm, The mean Cerebrum volume was 0.78ml.The histological results revealed that the cerebral cortex constituted the gray matter which has six layers namely molecular layer, external granular layer, pyramidal or external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer and multiform layer.