bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological Study of Active Galaxies based on SDSS Images. Preliminary Results
Authors: Mkrtchyan V. K. , Mickaelian A. M. , Abrahamyan H. V. , Mikayelyan G. A. , Paronyan G. M.
Published: January 2024

Activity in galaxies has mainly two major forms: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and Starburst (SB). Moreover, different types of AGN have different morphology. However, this question has not yet been properly investigated and due to old low-quality images, the morphology of many galaxies is not well described. SDSS images give a good possibility to homogeneously classify galaxies and investigate differences by the activity types. The concentration of the central part and the ratio between the central bulge and the total flux is a subject for detailed study. We use SDSS images to classify different types of active galaxies (both AGN and Starburst) and understand differences between QSOs, Seyferts 1 and 2, LINERS and Composites, as well as Starburst galaxies. The best expectation from our study will be the preliminary classification of active galaxies into activity types based on the images and before having their spectral types.
Study of grape microorganisms in Moldovan vineyards: influence of human and natural factors
Authors: Yao Meiling , Wang Fei , Arpentin Gheorghe
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity on the grape berries under different climate conditions. Sixteen samples from ten vineyards were taken from three PGI regions in Republic of Moldova Moldova during years 2018–2020. The year of harvest had a significant effect on the amount of yeasts, but the geographical location did not significantly influence this criterion. As natural factors, the influence of temperature and precipitation during both the growing season and the month of grape harvest was studied. The selected methods for vineyard plant protection were as follows: fungicides to control powdery mildew, fungicides to control mange and insecticides. The total yeast population per grape ranged from 3.8E+04 to 2.3E+07 CFU/berry and the culturable yeast population ranged from 1.7E+03 to 8.0E+06. The harvest month temperature affects the yeast population the most, fungicide use in mealybug control reduces the culturable yeast population but increases the total yeast population; insecticide treatment only increases the total yeast population but has no impact on culturable yeasts.In addition, six species yeast have been identified: A.pullulans, M.pulcherrima, H. uvarum, R. Glutinmis, R. graminis and S.cerevisiae. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain isolated from the 2020 crop is totally different from the 2018 and 2019 crops. The bacteria population is at a low level, except for a few samples, P. damnosus, L. brevis, L.fermentum, G. oxydants were isolated.
uso do blueprint como ferramenta de avaliação no curso de Medicina – PUC-SP
Authors: Pellegrini Peçanha Marcela , Senger Maria Helena , Cabulon Ana Lúcia , Rodrigueiro Débora Aparecida , Vieira Marta Wey
Published: January 2024

Para garantir que avaliações sejam consistentes com o conteúdo curricular e abordem resultados de aprendizagem válidos, é importante que sejam desenvolvidas de acordo com um plano bem estruturado. Neste relato de experiência é apresentada a utilização do blueprint como instrumento de orientação na elaboração de avaliações no curso de Medicina da PUC-SP. Para qualificação do processo de avaliação dos discentes o blueprint foi adotado como ferramenta para diagramar a elaboração de avaliações somativas, confrontando cada questão da avaliação aos objetivos de aprendizagem do módulo que seria avaliado. A partir desse instrumento, foi possível verificar se um conteúdo se apresentava super ou subestimado e, dependendo do resultado, a composição da prova pode ser retomada até ser obtida uma prova equilibrada. Essa dinâmica exigiu a participação ativa dos docentes, fortalecendo o trabalho colaborativo e resultando na melhor qualidade da documentação e registro mais organizado do processo de avaliação. Esses resultados, enfatizaram o atendimento aos objetivos de aprendizagem e influenciaram também outras atividades previstas no currículo. A riqueza da experiência proporcionada pela adoção do blueprint tem comprovado sua relevância e demonstrado que seu uso deverá ser mantido e refinado continuamente.
The effect of farming system on soil prokaryotic communities in Moldova
Authors: Indoitu Diana
Published: January 2024

The soil microbiome plays an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. The influence of farming systems on the soil prokaryotic communities has not been sufficiently studied. Using metagenomic analyzes (high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina platform), we studied the abundance, structure, and diversity of the prokaryotic community of the typical low-humus chernozem in two forage crops rotations (with and without inclusion of alfalfa) on the following variants: control without fertilizers (CON), mineral fertilizers (NPK) and organic fertilizers - manure (ORG). The research was carried out in the long-term field experiment on the “Biotron” Experimental Station of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Chisinau). The doses of fertilizers were calculated according to the crop in order to compensate for the quantitative content of NPK used, 100 tons of manure instead of N450P109K470. Soil samples were taken from the top soil layer (0-30 cm) in 2021. The metagenomic analysis of soil was done using equipment of the Core Centrum ‘Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell Biology’ in ARRIAM. This research was conducted as part of state projects of the Republic of Moldova 20.80009.5107 “Efficient use of soil resources and microbial diversity through the use of elements of biological (organic) farming”. Analysis of the soil prokaryotic communities in typical chernozem of the Central Zone of Moldova revealed the dominant presence of 5 phyla of bacteria in 2020 and 4 phyla of bacteria in 2021: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes and Acidobacteriota (in 2020) (table 1). Only one of identified phyla belongs to the archaea – Nitrososphaerota (Thaumarchaeota). Table 1. The dominant phyla, 2021 Crop rotation with alfalfa CON NPK ORG 1 Proteobacteria 14,67% Thaumarchaeota 15,32% Proteobacteria 11,64% 2 Actinobacteriota 14,04% Actinobacteriota 14,04% Thaumarchaeota 11,33% 3 Thaumarchaeota 10,39% Proteobacteria 10,81% Actinobacteriota 8,90% 5 Bacteroidota 6,84% Firmicutes 4,56% Bacteroidota 4,33% 6 Firmicutes 4,00% Bacteroidota 2,46% Firmicutes 3,05% Crop rotation without alfalfa 1 Proteobacteria 13,00% Actinobacteriota 14,62% Thaumarchaeota 16,23% 2 Thaumarchaeota 12,99% Thaumarchaeota 13,36% Actinobacteriota 10,14% 3 Actinobacteriota 11,92% Proteobacteria 12,02% Proteobacteria 7,08% 5 Bacteroidota 4,18% Firmicutes 4,10% Firmicutes 3,94% 6 Firmicutes 3,46% Bacteroidota 3,24% Neclasificat Bacteria 1,94% Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota dominated in all studied variants and in all studied years. The content of Actinobacteriota was slightly lower in the rotation with alfalfa in all studied variants. The content of Bacteroidota was higher in the crop rotation without alfalfa in all variants. The most numerous family in 2020 was Micrococcaceae family from the phylum Acidobacteriota, then Chitinophagaceae from the phylum Bacteroidota and Sphingomonadaceae from the phylum Proteobacteria
Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarına Ulaşılmasında Çevre Denetimlerinin Rolü
Authors: DİKMEN Süleyman
Published: January 2024

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları (SKA’lar), dünyanın karşı karşıya kaldığı çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlarla mücadele edilmesine yardımcı olmak üzere Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) tarafından 2015 yılında kabul edilen amaç ve hedeflerden oluşmaktadır. Yüksek denetim kurumları (YDK’lar), sürdürülebilir kalkınma için etkili, hesap verebilir, şeffaf, etkin ve kapsayıcı kurumların merkezinde yer almakta olup bireysel yetki ve görevleri çerçevesinde SKA’ları takip eder ve gözden geçirirler. Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın

öneminin artması ile YDK’lar, çevreye ve çevre politikasına karşı rol ve sorumluluklarının farkına varmış ve çevre denetimi, YDK’ların denetim faaliyetlerinin önemli bir parçası haline dönüşmüştür. Çalışma YDK’ların çevre denetimini SKA’lar çerçevesinde ele almayı amaçlamakta olup çevre denetiminin SKA’lara nasıl katkıda bulunabileceğini incelemektedir. Bu kapsamda sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve YDK’lar arasındaki ilişkiye ilişkin literatürden, Çevre Denetimi Çalışma Grubu (Working Group of Environmental Auditing - WGEA) tarafından yayımlanan anket bulgularından ve YDK’ların denetim raporlarından yararlanarak konuya ilişkin yeni değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmada çevre denetiminin SKA’lara ulaşılmasına olumlu katkı yapabileceği, YDK’ların gözetim işlevlerini kullanarak SKA’ların uygulanması konusunda mali kaynakların etkin, etkili ve şeffaf harcanmasını teşvik edebileceği ve bu anlamda hükümetleri sorumlu tutabileceği ve

bağımsız bilgiler sağlayabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Precision medicine in the community
Authors: Etchegary Holly , Kario Kazuomi , MacRae Calum , Schmidt Michael
Published: January 2024

Scope:
* Defining Precision Medicine across disciplines and industries
* Preventive Medicine
* Digital healthcare
* Public understanding and engagement
UPAYA PENINGKATAN YIELD PRODUK NH3 DI AMMONIA CONVERTER DENGAN PENGATURAN SUHU BED REAKTOR AMMONIA CONVERTER PADA PT X
Authors: Teurupun Andre , Annasit Annasit
Published: January 2024

Ammonia converter pada umumnya akan mengalami penurunan performa yang dapat menurunkan yield produk sehingga penelitian ini membahas mengenai upaya penigkatan yield produk NH3 di ammonia converter dengan pengaturan suhu bed raktor ammonia converter. Ammonia (NH3) adalah gas yang tidak berwarna dan memiiliki bau yang tajam, gas ammonia memiliki titik didih -33oC, titik lebur -77,73oC, diindustri ammonia terbentuk dari beberapa proses yaitu unit feed treating, Unit reforming, Unit purifikasi, Unit sintesa. Performa ammonia converter dipengaruhi oleh beberapa factor, suhu, tekanan, rasio H2/N2, inert. Berdasarkan kesetimbangan termodinamika, reaksi ammonia terjadi pada suhu rendah dan tekanan yang tinggi dengan katalis Promoted iron. Hasil perhitungan evaluasi awal, Performa ammonia converter mengalami penurunan dengan yield produk 14.16%, H2/N2 dengan menurunnya rasio aktual 2.7, bawah range rasio desain 2,8-3,2. suhu feed yang mengalami kenaikan 175oC, tekanan feed yang menurun 119 kg/cm2, dan inert yang masuk sebesar 13%. Dengan menggunakan hysys untuk membuat percobaan pada ammonia converter, yield produk yang dihasilkan adalah 18%. Ammonia converter mengalami kenaikan yield produk sebesar 4%, dengan mengatur suhu bed ammonia converter sebagai parameter operasi.
A TEM study of nanostructures and interfaces in the hot-press sintered ZrB2–SiC–Si3N4 composites
Authors: Bazhin Vladimir , Nikolaev Aleksander , Esthefania Quiroz Cabascango Valeria , Shao Changjin , Davletov Genrih , Gizatullina Tatyana , Fetisov Vadim
Published: January 2024

A fully dense ZrB2–30 vol% SiC composite containing 5 wt% Si3N4 and 4 wt% phenolic resin (1.6 wt% carbon) was sintered using the hot-pressing route under the external pressure of 10 MPa at 1900 ºC for 2 h. The microstructural evolution and interfacial phenomena were scrutinized using advanced microscopy facilities such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The FESEM images showed the ZrB2 and SiC grains without any evidence of Si3N4. The formation of the hexagonal BN (hBN) phase was proven in the sintered composite. The hBN nanosheets had a graphite-like morphology with an average thickness of 20 nm. This phase has a perpendicular orientation to the pressure direction and prevents abnormal ZrB2 grain growth. Two types of ZrB2/SiC interfaces were detected, which exhibited an amorphous phase along with the grain boundary and a clean/smooth interface, resulting from the Si3N4 addition. HRTEM and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) observations disclosed that the d-spacing value in the ZrB2 grain (0.335 nm) is higher than those reported in the literature. Furthermore, it was found that the exerted pressure during the sintering distorted atomic planes. The presence of numerous dislocations within the ZrB2 grains confirmed dislocation creep as the main densification mechanism.
架構個人CFC 2023年期初資產負債表之建議【月旦時論】
Authors: 林隆昌 林隆昌
Published: January 2024

為維護租稅公平、防杜企業主藉受控外國企業保留盈餘不分配規避我國稅負及接軌國際反避稅趨勢，我國乃分別於2016、2017年建立營利事業與個人之受控外國企業制度，並於2023年開始實施，但過去數十年來個人受控外國企業多未設帳記載，其中有關CFC轉投資股權成本之認定，直接影響將來CFC處分其投資股權之所得金額。CFC如何架構及編製112年度期初資產負債表相關金額供會計師查核簽證以作為112年度之報稅憑證、徵納雙方及簽證會計師對於無法查核的期初金額之稅務責任如何舉證等，本文提出相關建議。
後疫情時代營利事業分期繳稅規定【月旦時論】
Authors: 連毅昇 連毅昇
Published: January 2024

隨著嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎防治及紓困振興特別條例落日，原先營利事業因受疫情影響申請延期或分期繳稅的規定將不再適用，未來若營利事業仍想透過分期付款方式繳納稅捐，僅能依照稅捐稽徵法第26條之1規定辦理，故本文將就其兩法間之差異、適用條件及應注意事項加以說明。
How do the revised National Accounts affect the interpretation of how the Spanish economy has fared since the pandemic?
Authors: Fernández José Luis , González Mínguez José , Izquierdo Mario , Urtasun Alberto
Published: January 2024

Rationale

The revision to the Annual and Quarterly National Accounts figures by the National Statistics Institute in September was more extensive than in previous years and has altered the interpretation of some aspects of Spanish economic developments since the pandemic.

Takeaways

•The new figures entail upward revisions to GDP of 0.2 percentage points (pp) in 2020, 0.9 pp in 2021 and 0.3 pp in 2022. The Spanish economy therefore recovered its pre-pandemic level in 2022 Q3 (rather than in spring 2023, as per the previous information), one year later than the euro area overall. The main factors underlying these revisions are, on the demand side, the greater domestic demand momentum and, on the supply side, the greater strength of services.

•The new time series signal that productivity has fared somewhat better, tax revenues have been more consistent with macroeconomic developments, household expenditure has been more dynamic, in keeping with the improvement in real labour income, and unit labour costs have increased more than previously estimated, rising in Spain more than in the euro area overall since 2019, which could ultimately impact Spanish firms’ competitiveness.
Սիրիայի հայերի տեղաշարժը արտերկիր 2012-2018 թթ. (Լիբանան, Թուրքիա, Հորդանան, ԱՄՆ, Շվեդիա, Ավստրալիա)
Authors: Ավագյան Քնարիկ
Published: January 2024

2011 թ. մարտին ԱՄՆ-ի հովանավորությամբ և ՆԱՏՕ-ի անդամ մյուս երկրների գործակցությամբ իսլամիստ ահաբեկիչների ներխուժումը Սիրիա սպառնալիք է ստեղծել տեղի 2,2 մլն քրիստոնյաների, ներառյալ 80.000 հայերի համար՝ պատճառ դառնալով երկրից նրանց զանգվածաբար արտագաղթի սկզբնավորմանը։ Ավելի քան 22.000 սիրիահայ ներգաղթել է Հայաստան։ Այդուհանդերձ, շատերը նախընտրել են ժամանակավոր կամ մշտական կարգավիճակով մեկնել այլ երկրներ (Լի- բանան, Թուրքիա, Հորդանան, Միացյալ Արաբական Էմիրություններ, ԱՄՆ, Կանադա, Շվեդիա, Ավստրալիա և այլուր): Այդ հարցում նրանց օգնել է ՄԱԿ-ի կազմում գործող Ներգաղթի միջազգային գրասենյակը (ՆՄԳ) [Internatioanl Office of Migration - IOM], որը, ընդհանուր առմամբ, 2011-2020 թթ. հունիս ընկած ժամանակահատ- վածում կազմակերպել է 100.000 տեղահանված սիրիացիների, այդ թվում՝ սիրիա- հայերի վերաբնակեցումը աշխարհի 25 երկրներում, ներառյալ՝ Կանադա, Ավստրալիա, եվրոպական պետություններ և այլն։
В марте 2011 г. вторжение исламистских террористов в Сирию, под покрови- тельством США и при содействии других стран НАТО, стало серьезной угрозой для 2,2 млн местных христиан, в том числе 80.000 армян, что привело к их массовой эмиграции. Более 22.000 сирийских армян иммигрировали в Армению. Однако многие предпочли переехать в другие страны (Ливан, Турция, Иордания, Объединенные Арабские Эмираты, США, Канада, Швеция, Австралия и т.д.) на временной и постоянной основе. В этом вопросе им оказало содействие действующее в составе ООН Международное бюро иммиграции (МБИ) [International Office of Migration - IOM], с 2011 г. по июнь 2020 г. организовавшее переселение 100.000 перемещенных сирийцев, в том числе сирийских армян, в 25 стран мира, включая Канаду, Австралию, европейские государства и др.
In March 2011, the invasion of Islamic terrorists in Syria, under the patronage of the USA and with the cooperation of other NATO member countries, created a threat for 2.2 million local Christians, including 80,000 Armenians, causing their mass emigration. More than 22,000 Syrian-Armenians immigrated to Armenia. However, many chose to go to other countries (Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, USA, Canada, Sweden, Australia and elsewhere) on a temporary or permanent basis. In that matter, they receive the support of International Office of Migration (IOM), operating within UN, which in general, starting from 2011 to June 2020, has organized the resettlement of 100,000 displaced Syrians, also Syrian Armenians, in 25 countries of the world, including Canada, Australia, European states, etc.
Determinants of unmet needs for family planning in Indonesia: Secondary data analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Sumiati Luh Nyoman , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Ani Luh Seri
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Globally, the unmet need for family planning remains high. The proportion of unmet needs for family planning in Indonesia was found to have declined but was still higher than the set target. In the last 5 years there have been significant development in Indonesia including infrastructure, the national health insurance program and the increasing allocation of funds to all villages throughout Indonesia with a possible impact in decreasing the unmet need for family planning. This study aims to determine the factors associated with unmet needs for family planning in Indonesia.

Methods: This study uses secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) that was carried out in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The number of the analyzed samples was 26,479 of the total 2017 IDHS sample of 35,681 married women/living together with their partner aged between 15-49 years. The dependent variable is the unmet need for family planning, while the independent variables consist of four core variables namely individual, household, community and programmatic variables. Data analysis was performed with a binary logistic regression to obtain the adjusted odd ratio of each factor.

Results: The proportion of unmet needs in this analysis was 14.3% (95%CI: 13.9-14.7%). Factors associated with unmet needs are maternal age 25-34 years (AOR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.01-1.36), 35-44 years (AOR=1.47; 95%CI: 1.24-1.74), ≥45 years (AOR=2.20; 95%CI: 1.81-2.68), age of last child ≥10 years (AOR=1.30; 95%CI: 1.16-1.45), number of living children <2 (AOR=1.66; 95%CI: 1.49-1.85), ideal number of children >2 (AOR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.24-1.44), have >1 son (AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.00-1.25), husband not working (AOR=1.89; 95%CI: 1.44-2.48), lack of knowledge about family planning methods (AOR=1.42; 95%CI: 1.24-1.63), not discussing family planning with partners (AOR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.03-1.21), living in urban area (AOR=1.24; 95%CI: 1.14-1.34) and regions with TFR >2.4 (AOR=1.59; 95%CI: 1.43-1.78).

Conclusion: The proportion of unmet needs in Indonesia is still high and the dominant associated factor is the age of the mother ≥45 years. In order to decrease the family planning unmet needs, the intervention programs should be targeted to groups of women who are at risk of experiencing such unmet needs.
Husband’s behavior and early marriage as risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Surapathi I.N. Adnyana , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Indonesia is categorized as a country with moderate level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, where the majority of HBV transmissions occur from mother to child, horizontal transmission during childhood and adulthood, and transmission in health services. This study aims to determine factors associated with HBV infection among pregnant women. Methods: A case control study was conducted among 80 pregnant women with sero-positive HBsAg as cases and 80 pregnant women with sero-negative HBsAg as controls. The sources of cases and controls were the registers of pregnant women at 12 public health centers (PHCs) and Karangasem District Hospital from June 2017 to December 2018. Cases were selected by systematic random sampling from 129 pregnant women with sero-positive HBsAg and controls were selected through the same method from 1,408 pregnant women with sero-negative HBsAg. They were then matched based on village or residence. Data collected were including history of marriage, pregnancy, childbirth and abortion, history of health services relevant to HBV infection, use of contraception, mobility, permanent tattoos and history of injecting drug use. Data collection was carried out from June to August 2019 through face-to-face interviews with pregnant women as respondents in their respective homes using a pre-tested questionnaire. Bivariate data analysis was conducted with chi square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results: The case and control groups were similar in terms of age, number of pregnancy and parity. Risk factors which found to be significantly associated with HBV infection in pregnant women were age at first marriage <19 years with AOR=2.51 (95%CI: 1.13-5.60), history of husband’s mobility with AOR=3.07 (95%CI: 1.13-8.34), husband has a permanent tattoo with AOR=2.77 (95%CI: 1.04-7.44) and low level of maternal education with AOR=2.47 (95%CI: 1.06-5.73). Conclusion: Young marital age, low education, husband’s mobility and husband with permanent tattoos increase the likelihood of HBV infection among pregnant women. The coverage of HBV examination among pregnant women and early detection of HBV among husbands ought to be increased, especially among those with associated risk factors.
COVID-19 Pandemic: an opportunity to enhance tobacco control in Indonesia
Authors: Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi
Published: January 2024

Indonesia has been suffering huge burden from tobacco use with more than two million morbidities and US 45.9 billion macro-economic lost due to tobacco use in 2015.23 With the comorbidity of smoking and COVID-19 pandemic, this is the crucial time for the Indonesia government to improve coordinate responses between ministries and the community on tobacco control and COVID-19 recovery.
Evaluation of hypertension screening guidelines implementation at the public health centers in Tabanan District, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Ratnata Gede Agung , Duarsa Dyah Pradnyaparamita , Ani Luh Seri
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose:World Health Organization (WHO) reported the number of people with hypertension worldwide reached one billion in 2015. Hypertension screening is an effort to manage and control hypertension through hypertension management stages. This study aims to explore in-depth the implementation of hypertension screening guidelines performed by the public health centers (PHCs).
Methods: This is a qualitative exploration with an exploratory case study approach by adopting the Lawrence W. Green Theory. This study was conducted in two PHCs in Tabanan District, those with the highest and the lowest target achievement. The factors examined were the implementation of guidelines and factors affecting it. The data were collected using in-depth interviews with ten informants and data were analyzed using thematic methods.
Results: We found the predisposing factors of the implementation including the management of Health Operational Assistance (HOA) funds, the grouping of targets at risk of hypertension, hypertension screening guidelines, and the attitudes and beliefs of the officers and the community. The driving factors consisted of the lack of community participation. The inhibiting factors were indicated by the insufficient number of health workers and community support.
Conclusion: There are several obstacles for the implementation of hypertension screening guidelines both from the health services side including budget allocation and community participation. Therefore, more thorough planning and measures to improve participation is needed.
Maternal social determinants of stunting events in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Ayu Suci Musvita , Sofiana Liena , Wardani Yuniar , Haryanto Yus
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Kulon Progo District is one of the 100 priority districts in Indonesia for stunting program with a prevalence of 22.65%. The purpose of this research is to identify association between mother’s education, family income and exclusive breastfeeding history with stunting events in Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta.
Methods: This research used a cross sectional design which conducted in Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta. There were 729 children aged 0-59 months recorded in the integrated service post (posyandu) who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire for children and mothers’ characteristics, while stunting status was retrieved from the growth monitoring card. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-Square test.
Results: Children in the survey were 53.77% boys and around a quarter (24.69%) were at 25-36 months old. The majority of the mothers (72.98%) were between the ages of 26 and 35 years with high school education (67.35%) and most of them did not work (82.17%). Children with lower maternal education are less likely to experience stunting (PR=0.751; 95%CI: 0.593-0.952; p=0.013), and those from lower income family have almost five fold increased chance of stunting (PR=4.562; 95%CI: 2.643–7.874; p<0.001). Whilst for history of exclusive breastfeeding, the association was not statistically significant with stunting (PR=0.795; 95%CI: 0.529–1.196; p=0.239)
Conclusion:There is a relationship between maternal and family education with the probability of stunting, while there is 20% reduced chance of stunting if children were breast fed although it was not statistically significant. Improving maternal awareness on stunting is essential for stunting management programs.
Mothers’ acceptance towards Breastfeeding Support Group Program in Badung District, Bali
Authors: Siwi Luh Putu Anggyani Raka , Aryani Putu , Utami Ni Wayan Arya
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Badung District is lower than the Bali Provincial and national level. Breastfeeding Support Groups (BSG) have been proven effective to overcome breastfeeding barriers in several developing countries. This study aims to explore the acceptance of breastfeeding mothers toward the BSG Program in Badung District, Bali Province.
Methods: A qualitative study with an exploratory approach was conducted in Kekeran and Punggul Villages, two villages where BSG was first implemented in Badung District. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen breastfeeding mothers as the key informants and supporting informants, including two village officials, two village midwives and two cadres. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, analysed thematically, and presented in a narrative form.
Results: Breastfeeding mothers in Kekeran and Punggul Villages showed positive attitudes and thoughts by stating that BSG is essential. The acceptance was shown by their willingness to attend and participate fully and enthusiastically. Mother's good knowledge about BSG and the success of exclusive breastfeeding led to high motivation to participate in the program. Other supportive factors were positive experiences, mainly the direct practice of breastfeeding, and support from in-laws, husbands, midwives, and village officials, while the inhibitory factors were myths and social sanction.
Conclusion: BSG was well accepted by mothers with good knowledge and perception, positive experiences, high motivation, and positive social supports as supporting factors. It is recommended to develop activities according to mothers' needs adopted to local culture and customs, as well as to involve multi-stakeholders.
Exercise behaviour and the determinant factors among medical students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Griadhi Adiartha , Sundari Luh Putu Ratna , Sutarsa I Nyoman
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Students’ physical activity levels decreased significantly after college enrollment. Disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic also affects the students’ exercise level. The psychological aspect and the academic situation of medical students could interact with pandemic disruption differently compared to other students. This study compares exercise behaviour and its determinant factors among medical students before and during the pandemic.

Methods:  This study was conducted by collecting data in August 2021 and then comparing it to our data collected in July 2011. Participants were determined by a proportional random sampling based on gender and education year. There were 127 and 205 research participants in 2011 and 2021. The exercise behaviour and determinant factors were based on the Transtheory Model of behavioural change and grouped into five stages of exercise levels and four categories of factors. The data were analyzed descriptively and comparison tested for the two years.

Results: This study showed a significant increase in exercise behaviour among medical students during the pandemic (p<0.05). The number of students in the pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages has decreased, and those in action and maintenance stages doubled compared to the pre-pandemic period. The change in exercise behaviour showed that changes only occurred in female and clinical-year students (p<0.05). There was no significant change in male and pre-clinical medical students. Predisposing, enabling, and maintenance factors are determinants of exercise behaviour that increased significantly during the pandemic (p<0.05), and personal factors did not increase significantly.

Conclusion: Female and clinical-year medical students’ exercise activity increased significantly during the pandemic. Predisposing, enabling, and maintenance factors also increased substantially during the pandemic, while personal factors did not change significantly. Gender-related psychological and behavioural reactions to COVID-19 pandemic disruption explain these results.
Association between Body Mass Index and Vitamin D Serum in Asian Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suhartono Janice , Astiarani Yunisa , Regina
Published: January 2024

than other populations with the same body mass index (BMI). Fat accumulation is suspected of mediating the rise and fall of Vitamin D levels linked to BMI. However, the results of studies assessing the association between BMI and Vitamin D serum in Asian population still varied. This study is conducted to determine the association between BMI and vitamin D serum in the Asian population.     

Methods:  This study was conducted with a systematic review method to identify scientific articles reporting the association between BMI and Vitamin D serum in the Asian population. The data collected for this systematic review were from 5,477 studies filtered with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in eleven studies presenting 7,496 respondents.

Results: Nine studies concluded an association between increasing BMI from the normal range and decreasing Vitamin D serum (p<0,05). One study has concluded an association between decreasing BMI from the normal range and decreasing Vitamin D serum (p<0,05). Another has concluded there is no association between BMI and Vitamin D serum (p>0,05).

Conclusion:This systematic review study concludes an association between increasing and decreasing BMI with decreasing Vitamin D serum in the Asian population. Further study using clinical trial in obese people and control to compare the metabolism of Vitamin D should be conducted.
Relationship between cesarean section and early initiation of breastfeeding in Indonesia
Authors: Gayatri Maria
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Breastfeeding initiation is internationally recommended due to its benefits on maternal and child health. The study aims to determine the relationship between mode of delivery and early breastfeeding initiation among women who delivered in health facilities. 

Methods: The study was based on The Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. There were 5,369 women whose children were born in the last 24 months preceding the survey in health facilities in Indonesia. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. The complex sample design was performed for analyses.

Results: Of the women who had given birth to at least 24 months preceding the survey in health facilities, 57 percent of women were found to practice breastfeeding initiation. The likelihood of breastfeeding initiation among women who delivered in health facilities was associated with mode of delivery, which women with cesarean delivery (OR=0.33; 95%CI: 0.29-0.38) were less likely to practice breastfeeding initiation compared with those with normal vaginal delivery after adjusted by socio-economic factors. Moreover, women aged 35-49 years and non-working women were found to have higher probabilities to practice breastfeeding initiation.

Conclusion: Maternal age, working status, and type of delivery were significantly influencing the practice of early initiation of breastfeeding among women who delivered in health facilities.  Policy and intervention to encourage and support early initiation of breastfeeding should be taken into consideration by public health professionals and health providers. Comprehensive breastfeeding counseling should be a part of health care training to encourage moms to start nursing as soon as possible, especially for mothers who have caesarean deliveries. It is important to ensure the implementation of breastfeeding policy on the company’s worksite support policy.
Determinants of the intention to use National Insurance Mobile Application in Badung District based on Technology Acceptance Model Framework
Authors: Indrayathi Putu Ayu , Megayanti Ni Luh Komang , Ulandari Luh Putu Sinthya , Kolozsvari Laszlo Robert
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: National Insurance Mobile Application (JKN Mobile) developed by Health Insurance Institution (BPJS Kesehatan) to facilitate the administrative activities of the National Health Insurance (JKN) participants. However, in practice, it has yet to be widely used by JKN participants. This study aims to explore factors determine participants' intention to use the JKN Mobile application based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Framework.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in April-May 2021. The minimum required sample size was 99. Inclusion criteria were people 18 years of age or older, residing in Badung District, Bali Province and at least having used the JKN Mobile once. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A multivariable analysis was then conducted to determine the factors of intention to use the JKN Mobile application.

Results: The proportion of JKN participants interested in using the JKN Mobile was 50%. Perceived usefulness, ease of use, credibility, and amount of information were correlated with the intention to use the JKN Mobile. The linear regression analysis showed that perceived usefulness is significantly associated with the intention to use JKN Mobile (aOR=9.68; 95%CI: 3.33-28.14; p=0.001).

Conclusion: Participants' acceptability to use JKN Mobile is associated with the benefits of using such an application. It is thus imperative for BPJS Kesehatan to simultaneously update the design and features to be readily accepted and used by the public, which will later affect interest in using the application.
Teachers’ perception on COVID-19 vaccination and preventive behaviour in Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Sridyantari Luh Verra , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Putra I Wayan Artawan Eka
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Teachers as one of the public service providers are at risk of transmitting or contracting COVID-19, so they are prioritized to get COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to explore teachers’ willingness to vaccinate, their behaviour and perception after COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods:  We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 200 teachers from 20   primary and secondary schools in Denpasar, who were selected by stratified multistage random sampling. The variables collected are sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, religion, education, economic status), willingness to be vaccinated, behaviour after the vaccination, and the beliefs which include perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, and perceived benefits. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to describe the behaviour and perception of teachers after the vaccination.
Results: Most teachers were middle-aged (31-45 years) and female (74%), with undergraduate education (84%). Most of the respondents were willing to be vaccinated and had been vaccinated (97%). Respondents had a low vulnerability belief of 18%, a high seriousness belief of 8.5% and a low benefit belief of 3.5%. All teachers have intentions to continue implementing health protocols to prevent transmission of COVID-19.
Conclusion: Some school teachers have low perceived vulnerability, high seriousness, and belief of low benefits after vaccination. This shows that teachers are still unsure about the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in preventing the transmission of COVID-19, so further education effort is needed.
Ocular Manifestations in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at the Kerti Praja Foundation, Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Triningrat A A Mas Putrawati , Handayani Ariesanti Tri , Juliari I Gusti Ayu Made , Utari Ni Made Laksmi , Ratnasari Ni Luh Made Novi
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLWHA) could present various ocular manifestations according to the CD4+ lymphocyte count. This study aims to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and ocular manifestations of PLWHA.
Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling, involving a total of 118 samples, conducted in August 2021 at Kerti Praja Foundation Denpasar. Data were collected through history taking and ocular examinations, which included the variables of gender, age, occupation, residence, working status, level of education, duration of ARV treatment, treatment compliance, visual acuity, anterior segment manifestation, posterior segment manifestation, and CD4 T-cell count. Data analysis was performed with a statistical software.
Results:  A total of 118 samples were involved in this study, with 53 respondents (44.9%) experienced ocular manifestations and 55.1% did not experience ocular manifestations. The most frequent ocular manifestation identified was dry eye (68.5% found in right eye and 54.9% found in left eye), while only 2 patients have posterior-segment manifestation.
Conclusion: The most common ocular manifestation in HIV-infected people on anti-retroviral therapy was dry eye. Screening for dry eye is recommended in PLWHA.
Environmental risk factors for diarrhea Children under five years of age: A Cross-Sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Santri Ichtiarini Nurullita , Wardani Yuniar
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Diarrhea is an environmental-based disease that causes mortality and morbidity in children under five around the world. This study investigated the association between environmental factors with diarrhea in children under five in Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data derived from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS). Families with children under five who had complete data were included in this study. The diarrhea variable in children was self-reported by their mothers. The relationship of each predictor with diarrhea was analyzed using a logistic regression modeling and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: A total of 17,155 households with children under five were included. The prevalence of reported diarrhea among children under five was 14.22%. Families living in rural areas (OR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.78-0.97) and mothers of 25-34 years of age (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.24-1.64) and >35 years of age (OR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.29-1.89) had significant associations with diarrhea.
Conclusion: The discerned outcomes underscore the amplified likelihood of diarrhea incidents among children under five originating from rural residential settings in contrast to their urban counterparts. Additionally, the investigation underscored a correlative link between maternal age and occurrences of diarrhea in the children of this specific age group mothers.
Intention to use telemedicine based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model
Authors: Indrayathi Ayu , Julyari Dewa Ayu Vera , Pradnyani Putu Erma , Luh Putu Sinthya Ulandari  , Soukaina Hilal
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Due to COVID-19 pandemic, demand for technology in daily interaction has rapidly grown to ease communication while maintaining physical distance. This study examines the determinants of the intention to use telemedicine using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was an online survey using Google Form application conducted from March 11 to May 3, 2021. The inclusion criteria of samples were aged 18 years or older, residing in Bali during the data collection period and knowing telemedicine health services. Variables collected include intention to use telemedicine, demographic characteristics of respondents and UTAUT variables, namely performance expectancy, business expectancy, social influences, and facilitation conditions. The statistical test used is simple and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: Of 458 survey respondents, 287 were included for analysis due to incomplete data.  Almost half of the respondents (48.8%) was aged <25 years old, the majority were female (80.51%) and around two-thirds, were studying in university, being employed and earning income. We found most respondents (57.14%) were highly interested in telemedicine services. The logistic regression analysis showed that performance expectations, business expectations, social influence, and facilitating conditions were significantly associated with people's interest in telemedicine in Bali.
Conclusion: Telemedicine is relatively popular in Bali, Indonesia.  Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence are the predominant factors influencing the intention to use telemedicine. It shows the potential to employ telemedicine service to cover the inadequate distribution of health professionals and healthcare in Indonesia.
Implementation level indicators of public facilities in Surabaya to smoke-free area regulation
Authors: Christanto Daniel , Martini Santi , Dwi Artanti Kurnia , Indriani Diah
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: The regulation of smoke-free area in Surabaya was adopted since 2008 and amended in 2019. Hotel, restaurants, and cafes are smokefree dedicated area under the regulation. Therefore, it is very important to review the implementation level of smoke-free area regulations in public places such as hotels, restaurants and cafes. This study aims to analyze how strong the indicators that forms the implementation level of public facilities with smoke free area regulations in Surabaya.
Methods: This was a cross sectional survey carried out in 88 public facilities consisting of hotels and restaurants between June-August 2021. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out with the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Application to test the strength of each smoke-free area monitoring indicators that forms the implementation level of these public facilities. These indicators include: awareness of smoke-free area regulations, smoke-free area internal promotion, installation of smoke-free signs, no colaboration with tobacco industries, no violations and owning an internal policy related to smoke-free.
Results: There were three strong indicators that are strongest in shaping smoke-free area implementation level at public facilities in Surabaya, including awareness of smoke-free area regulations (CFA 4.681), smoke-free area internal promotion (CFA 2.609) and installing a smoke-free sign (CFA 1.000). Meanwhile, the other three indicators showed weak association.
Conclusion: Awareness of smoke-free area regulations, smoke-free area internal promotion and installation of smoke-free sign were the strong indicators for smokefree law (SFL) implementation. It is important to push for more internal dissemination involving cross sectors and improve other indicators.
Talking cigarette in cyberspace: Cyber community response to the implementation of smoke free area policy in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Karolina Cut Meutia , Zarkasi Irwa Rochimah
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: The policy of implementing and expanding smoke free area (kawasan tanpa rokok/KTR) in several locations in the City of Bandung has become a topic that is highlighted by the community. Community response is an essential component in succeeding policy implementation. This study examines how the culture of cyber society responds to the implementation and extension of the KTR in the city of Bandung
Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a netnographic strategy. Three posts were selected according to the criteria for the research objectives, including: @prfmnews posts, @infobandungraya, and @infobdg.com. Instagram is selected as the research data source because, according to the Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo), it is the most popular social media in Indonesia. Indeed, every post and information on it has the potential to attract various groups. Several concepts and theories in this study relate to the diffusion of innovation, information literacy, cognitive dissonance theory, and selective process theory.
Results: This study found some of the contra arguments were conducting tobacco control is false propaganda; other regulations are more urgent than KTR; the leading cause of dirty air is vehicles; local regulation on KTR is ambiguous, and smoking is part of individual rights. In the pro category, the communities are supportive, especially those who are passive smokers and feel discomfort with cigarette smoke conditions. Information and digital literacy related to cigarettes are factors that trigger individual responses to hoaxes and conspiratorial information about cigarettes. Denial to the reality of the dangers of smoking illustrates how the process of cognitive dissonance occurs in smokers who try to justify their actions for various reasons. The cyber community has experienced selective exposure to the KTR and the diffusion of innovations in the KTR should be considered.
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the researcher suggests that the government should pay attention to the stages of persuasion and promotion of KTR policies to achieve public obedience to the applicable local regulations.