bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black-body radiation in an accelerated frame
Authors: Ariwahjoedi Seramika , Salim Adam Apriadi , Prihadi Hadyan Luthfan , Zen Freddy Permana
Published: September 2024

We derive Planck’s radiation law in a uniformly accelerated frame expressed in Rindler coordinates. The black-body spectrum is time-dependent in its temperature and Planckian at each instantaneous time, but it is scaled by an emissivity factor that depends on the Rindler spatial coordinate and the acceleration magnitude. An observer in an accelerated frame will perceive the black-body as black, hyperblack, or grey, depending on their position relative to the source (moving away or toward it), the acceleration magnitude, and whether they are accelerating or decelerating. For an observer accelerating away from the source, there exists a threshold on the acceleration magnitude beyond which they no longer receive radiation from the black-body. Since the frequency and the number of modes in Planck’s law evolve over time, the spectrum is continuously red- or blue-shifted towards lower or higher frequencies as time progresses, and the radiation modes (photons) may be created or annihilated, depending on the observer’s position and their acceleration or deceleration relative to the source of radiation.
Density waves of vortex fluids on a sphere
Authors: Xiong Yanqi , Zou Zhijun , Luo Liang
Published: September 2024

We aim to find one highly nontrivial example of the solutions to the vortex fluid dynamical equation on the unit sphere (S
2) and compare it with the numerical simulation. Since the rigid rotating steady solution for vortex fluids on S
2 is already known to us, we consider the perturbations above it. After decomposing the perturbation of the vortex number density and vortex charge density into spherical harmonics, we find that the perturbations are propagating waves. To be precise, the velocities for different single-mode vortex number density waves are all the same, while the velocities for single-mode vortex charge density waves depend on the degree of the spherical harmonics l, which is a signal of the existence of dispersion. Meanwhile, we find that there is a beat phenomenon for the positive (or negative) vortex density wave. Numerical simulation based on the canonical equations for the point vortex model agrees perfectly with our theoretical calculations.
Finite-time decentralized event-triggered state estimation for coupled neural networks under unreliable Markovian network against mixed cyberattacks
Authors: Wang 汪 Xiulin 修林 , Cai 蔡 Youzhi 有志 , Li 李 Feng 峰
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the issue of finite-time state estimation in coupled neural networks under random mixed cyberattacks, in which the Markov process is used to model the mixed cyberattacks. To optimize the utilization of channel resources, a decentralized event-triggered mechanism is adopted during the information transmission. By establishing the augmentation system and constructing the Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are obtained for the system to be finite-time bounded and satisfy the H
∞ performance index. Then, under these conditions, a suitable state estimator gain is obtained. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by a given illustrative example.
Light emission from multiple self-trapped excitons in one-dimensional Ag-based ternary halides
Authors: Xie 颉 Jiahao 家豪 , Li 李 Zewei 泽唯 , Wang 王 Shengqiao 晟侨 , Zhang 张 Lijun 立军
Published: September 2024

Ternary metal halides based on Cu(I) and Ag(I) have attracted intensive attention in optoelectronic applications due to their excellent luminescent properties, low toxicity, and robust stability. While the self-trapped excitons (STEs) emission mechanisms of Cu(I) halides are well understood, the STEs in Ag(I) halides remain less thoroughly explored. This study explores the STE emission efficiency within the A
2AgX
3 (A = Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br, I) system by identifying three distinct STE states in each material and calculating their configuration coordinate diagrams. We find that the STE emission efficiency in this system is mainly determined by STE stability and influenced by self-trapping and quenching barriers. Moreover, we investigate the impact of structural compactness on emission efficiency and find that the excessive electron–phonon coupling in this system can be reduced by increasing the structural compactness. The atomic packing factor is identified as a low-cost and effective descriptor for predicting STE emission efficiency in both Cs2AgX
3 and Rb2AgX
3 systems. These findings can deepen our understanding of STE behavior in metal halide materials and offer valuable insights for the design of efficient STE luminescent materials. The datasets presented in this paper are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.12094.
Impurity convection reversal caused by edge localized turbulence for generating a stationary edge radiative layer in the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Xue G.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Wang Z.X. , Zou X.L. , Gao J.M. , Ke R. , Zheng S. , Zhang X.R. , Fan D.M. , Guo W.P. , Han M.K. , He X.X. , Jiang M. , Li J.C. , Li Y.G. , Liang A.S. , Liu L. , Wang S.Q. , Wang T.B. , Wen J. , Xiao G.L. , Xu J.Q. , Yang Z.C. , Yin J. , Yu X. , Zhu Y.R. , Shi Z.B. , Xu M. ,   HL-2A team
Published: September 2024

The effect of impurity on edge turbulence was investigated on the HL-2A tokamak using neon supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI). For the first time, a stationary radiative layer accompanied by edge localized turbulence (ELT) lasting more than 100 ms is observed at the edge region

ρ
=
0.7
∼
0.9

. This duration is much longer than the SMBI pulse length (1.2 ms), indicating that the impurity diffusion is on the whole canceled out by the impurity convection without spreading of the localized turbulence during this period. This implies that the impurity convection is reversed from the positive to the negative impurity density gradient region. This reversal could be explained by the parallel impurity compression mechanism. The observed turbulence is a broadband electrostatic turbulence (25–70 kHz) propagating in the electron diamagnetic drift direction with a normalized poloidal wavenumber of

0.1
⩽

k
θ

ρ

s

⩽
0.4

. It has been found that the excitation of the ELT strongly depends on the local collisionality

ν
∗

. This feature is qualitatively predicted by the spectral multiscale gyrokinetic turbulence simulation, which suggests that the turbulence could be a dissipative trapped electron mode. This experiment demonstrates that mutual interaction between externally injected impurity ions and edge turbulence can generate a stationary edge radiative layer and avoid impurity core accumulation. These results could provide a potential approach for the formation of a stable impurity radiative layer by impurity injection in tokamaks.
CEEMD-FFT-BiLSTM based model for power line loss prediction
Authors: Zhao Jianwen , Liu Ning , Ye Jun , Liu Cikui , Sun Fenggang , Lv Lili
Published: September 2024

Line loss rate in transmission lines is an important and inevitable metric to directly affects the economy and efficiency of power supply, which exhibits characteristics of nonlinearity, non-stationary and randomness. To improve the prediction performance of line loss rate, in this paper, a prediction model for line loss based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) is proposed, denoted as CEEMD-FFT-BiLSTM. The model first performs CEEMD to decompose raw signals into various intrinsic mode functions. FFT then transforms them from the time domain to the frequency domain. BiLSTM is used to learn the long-term dependence, extract features from the frequency domain, and finally achieve a prediction. Experimental results are provided to show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed prediction method is substantially improved, as compared to other methods such as BiLSTM and FFT-BiLSTM. Therefore, the proposed prediction model has a good predictive ability and can effectively improve the prediction accuracy.
Voltage quality improvement method based on adaptive power control of photovoltaic inverter
Authors: Yang Yan , Bo Wang , Wei Dai , Zhanpeng Xia
Published: September 2024

With the increasing penetration rate of distributed photovoltaics in the distribution network in China, the energy pressure has been effectively alleviated. However, the voltage over-limit problem of its parallel outlets cannot be ignored. Therefore, this paper put forward a power control method with photovoltaic inverters which is adaptive. First, the principle of photovoltaic voltage overstepping the limit is analyzed, and second, an adaptive control tactic is brought up for the disturbance of the volatile load of photovoltaic output. Finally, combined with the analysis and verification of simulation examples, the results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the voltage quality of the grid and prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
A reconstruction method for harmonic measurement in distribution networks based on equivalent harmonic source approach
Authors: Guo Yufeng , Yu Lei , Li Yiqing , Duan Shuyin , Li Chunjian , Liu Yinliang , He Zhiqiang , Liu Tong , Chen Huihuan , Chen Qianyi
Published: September 2024

In recent years, with a large number of nonlinear devices connected to the distribution network, harmonic problems have been inevitably generated during operation, which makes harmonic problems more complex in the distribution network. However, it is important to master the real-time harmonic level of the distribution network for the analysis and management of the harmonic problems in the grid. However, because of economic reasons and decentralized nodes, it is impractical to install a harmonic measurement device at each node in engineering. Moreover, it is important to know how to measure harmonics at important nodes in a distribution network using a limited number of measurement devices. Therefore, a harmonic measurement reconstruction method for distribution networks is proposed based on the equivalent harmonic source method. This method aims to obtain more harmonic source state information with a minimum economic cost. First, a mathematical model of the harmonic currents is established. Subsequently, an equivalent harmonic source method is proposed, and a harmonic reconstruction model based on the equivalent harmonic source method is presented. Finally, an example of an IEEE 14-node distribution network is used to verify the effectiveness of the equivalent harmonic source method.
Health assessment of wind turbine gearbox based on stacked auto-encoder
Authors: Wang Suo , Lu Nana , Lu Xingyi , Sun Qitao
Published: September 2024

Considering the intricate structure, challenging maintenance requirements, and the interdependent nature of the detection parameters within a wind turbine gearbox, this study employs a stacked auto-encoder model for the offline analysis and modeling of standard operational data from the gearbox. The deviation in health factors post-model reconstruction serves as a metric for monitoring the gearbox’s operational status, with the unit’s health score being derived from an enhanced encoder architecture.
Construction and application of static stability intelligent evaluator for large power grid from the perspective of knowledge graph
Authors: Yang Hongying , Zhao Gaoshang , Xianjin Lv , Li Zhang , Liu Daowei
Published: September 2024

Relying on information technology such as artificial intelligence, knowledge analysis on a large amount of high-dimensional real-time measurement and simulation information, and deep excavation of stable operation situations in the power grid are the core of real time intelligent security defense of large power grid. In this paper, from the perspective of the knowledge graph, considering the stability state evaluation index and optimizing control strategy information of different operation scenarios of power grid comprehensively, using the integration mechanism of information system and knowledge graph, the functional framework of intelligent evaluator for static stability in power grid is proposed, and an evaluator including static evaluation and decision-making, and general intelligent algorithm is designed. Introducing knowledge graph automation engine technology, visual display of intelligent evaluator for large power grid static stability is realized. An application case in a real power grid is given to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research work is helpful to regulate and control operators to grasp the operation situation and improve the efficiency of evaluation and decision-making of the power grid. It has positive exploration application value to improve the construction of intelligent active security defense systems online in large power grids.
Dynamic compensation study of distribution network harmonic reconstruction based on equivalent harmonic source method
Authors: Duan Shuyin , Zhang Fanbi , Yu Lei , Zheng Chao , Lin Xinhao , Cai Kunlun , Jin Qingren , Wang Wenhui , Wang Huiwen , Yang Yuantong
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of the power electronics industry, a number of nonlinear devices are connected to the power grid, and the grid voltage suffers from severe harmonic pollution. For the treatment of harmonic voltage, it is necessary to master the real-time harmonic level of the distribution network, which brings a huge challenge to the cost and maintenance of harmonic measurement devices. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a dynamic compensation method of distribution network harmonic reconstruction based on the equivalent harmonic source method. Firstly, an equivalent harmonic source method is proposed, which can be used to reconstruct the harmonic voltages and harmonic currents of important nodes in the distribution network in real time to provide data support for network-wide harmonic compensation. Also, an optimization method is proposed for the selection of measurement nodes. Moreover, based on the harmonic reconfiguration of the distribution network, the harmonic voltage in the distribution network is managed so that the harmonic distortion rate of the grid is reduced below the standard.
Optimizing Sample Preparation for Destructive Testing in Resistance Spot Welding
Authors: Alden Abd al al Sahm , Fodorné Cserépi Mariann , Gáspár Marcell , Meilinger Ákos
Published: September 2024

The integrity and reliability of resistance spot welding, a crucial process in various manufacturing industries, are significantly influenced by the quality of sample preparation. This study focuses on advancing the methodologies and practices in the preparation of samples for resistance spot welding destructive tests, aiming to improve the precision and repeatability of the results. We discuss comprehensive approaches encompassing material selection, surface treatment, dimensional accuracy, and alignment procedures, emphasizing the importance of meticulous handling and preparation techniques, A significant focus is placed on the utilization of sophisticated alignment and measurement tools to enhance the consistency of the welding area subjected to destructive testing. our study demonstrates a significant improvement in the reliability and accuracy of welding machine calibration, ultimately contributing to the overall quality of the welding process. By integrating these refined processes, the study highlights a significant improvement in the reliability of welding tests, contributing to enhanced welding quality and performance in practical applications. Our findings underscore the critical role of detailed and standardized sample preparation in achieving accurate and reliable resistance spot welding destructive test outcomes, providing valuable insights for both industrial applications and further research in welding technology.
Comparative CFD Analysis of Angles of attack to increase aerodynamics properties
Authors: Cabral Scheffer Wellinton , Szakács Tamás
Published: September 2024

In the contemporary landscape, discussions of turbulence often lead to thoughts of incompressible fluids and their behaviour in nature. However, as the pursuit of energy efficiency and performance takes precedence in major aviation and automotive industries, safety and comfort remain achievable. Spoilers on sedan cars, designed to counteract lift and enhance grip, also increase drag. Aerofoils play a vital role in reducing drag while increasing lift force. This study compares three different angles of attack to identify the one that generates the best performance, based on its aerodynamic coefficients. In a world focused on ecological preservation and fuel efficiency, these studies become essential.
Neutron and photon calculations of beam shaping assembly for BNCT based on Monte Carlo-discrete ordinates coupled method
Authors: Rong B. , Wang B. , Li Z.F. , Wang J. , Shan D.Y. , Song H.B. , Peng W.T. , Zheng Q. , Liu R.R. , Wang S. , Yang H.X.
Published: September 2024

The radiation field parameters at the beam shaping assembly (BSA) exit port are the key to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) treatment. However, obtaining calculation results with high efficiency and accuracy using only Monte Carlo (MC) method or discrete ordinates (SN) method is difficult. Based on NECP-MCX code and Marvin code, this paper implemented the Monte Carlo-discrete ordinates coupled method and applied this method to the calculation of the radiation field at the BSA exit port. The effect of mesh grid division, the order of quadrature set, and the bias of quadrature set on the results of the coupled calculation was studied. It was concluded that the order and bias of the quadrature set have not improved the coupled calculation results. It was found that the data library used in the SN calculation is the main cause. Therefore, the Monte Carlo-discrete ordinates coupled method can be quickly and accurately applied to the calculation of the radiation field at the BSA exit port by dividing the energy and coordinate intervals rationally and using a more suitable cross section library.
Influence of livelihood assets on biodiversity and household food security in tropical homegardens along urbanisation gradients
Authors: George Mary Ann , Eppinga Maarten Boudewijn , Ghazoul Jaboury , Biju Arathi , VC Fashid , AS Haris , Rejith Krishnadas , Fernandes Saniya Liz , Rajan Vandana , Santos Maria João
Published: September 2024

By 2050, 70% of the global population will reside in urban areas, raising concerns about food security and biodiversity loss. Tropical homegardens, a form of agroforestry, may have the potential to align concurrent demands for biodiversity conservation and food security in urban environments. Nevertheless, this depends on land-use decision-making strategies that are enabled by household livelihood assets. We examined which livelihood assets are associated with homegarden agrobiodiversity and food availability and accessibility in Kerala, India, the nature of these associations, and whether they vary along urbanisation gradients using data from 304 homegardens. We observed higher plant species richness closer to the urban centre and in smaller homegardens. Meanwhile, yields and share of household food consumption from homegardens tend to be higher farther away from urban centres. Assets like fertilizer use, irrigation and kinship affiliation are positively associated with both homegarden agrobiodiversity and food outcomes. Conversely, homegarden size is negatively associated with biodiversity outcomes across urbanisation gradients and positively associated with yield outcomes furthest away from urban centre. Some assets like family labour and farming association membership were only positively associated with food outcomes, while others like external labour availability were positively associated only with plant diversity in the urban centre. Overall, synergies between homegarden agrobiodiversity and household food security requires inputs to natural processes, such as irrigation and soil fertility, and social processes like knowledge sharing and social cohesion, especially in urban peripheries. We emphasize the relevance of homegardens and enhancing livelihood assets for food-secure households in biodiverse urban environments.
A bottom–up regional potential assessment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in Germany
Authors: Sadr Mohammad , Esmaeili Aliabadi Danial , Jordan Matthias , Thrän Daniela
Published: September 2024

Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is a bio-based Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology (CDR) undergoing detailed and comprehensive screening in many countries. The latest scientific reports emphasized that net-zero targets can not be achieved globally or nationally without deploying such technologies. Germany aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045, and negative emissions thereafter, which means a higher demand for CDRs. Despite BECCS being the building block of net-zero policies, its implementation on a national and regional scale presents serious challenges. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the role of BECCS in the German bioenergy system with a spatially detailed bottom–up optimization model that accounts for techno-economics and political aspects of BECCS (e.g. availability of biomass and investment costs). Our analysis demonstrates that BECCS can remove almost 61 Mt CO2 in 2050; however, the outcomes demonstrate sensitivity toward CO2 credit and CO2 prices, which can raise the removal as high as 69 Mt CO2. Additionally, results suggest that removing enough CO2 to achieve carbon neutrality in Germany by 2045 solely through BECCS seems extremely challenging; thus, a portfolio of negative emission technologies will be necessary to contribute. Our findings provide a better understanding of BECCS feasibility and its potential to assist us in achieving climate targets in Germany. Although we apply our model to Germany, the developed tool and insights are generic and can be applied to other countries.
Rapid detection of depression by volatile organic compounds from exhalation
Authors: Chen Tao , Jin Mengqi , Chen Liqing , Cai Xi Xuan , Huang Yilin , Shen Keqing , Li Yi , Chen Xing , Chen Liying
Published: September 2024

Depression is a pervasive and often undetected mental health condition, which poses significant challenges for early diagnosis due to its silent and subtle nature. To evaluate exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of depression using a virtual surface acoustic wave sensors array (VSAW-SA). A total of 245 participants were recruited from the Hangzhou Community Health Service Center, including 38 individuals diagnosed with depression and 207 control subjects. Breath samples were collected from all participants and subjected to analysis using VSAW-SA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship between VOCs and depression. The findings revealed that the responses of virtual sensor ID 14, 44, 59, and 176, which corresponded respectively to ethanol, trichloroethylene or isoleucine, octanoic acid or lysine, and an unidentified compound, were sensitive to depression. Taking into account potential confounders, these sensor responses were utilized to calculate a depression detection indicator. It has a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 81.6%, with an area under the curve of 0.870 (95% CI = 0.816–0.923). Conclusions: exhaled VOCs as non-invasive biomarkers of depression could be detected by a VSAW-SA. Large-scale cohort studies should be conducted to confirm the potential ability of the VSAW-SA to diagnose depression.
Chemical vapor deposition of large-area ultrathin Cr3Te4 nanosheets with robust ferromagnetism
Authors: Yang Jiefu , Ng Jun Wen , Zhu Chao , Wu Yao , Shi Jiayu , Sun Ruijia , Tang Bijun
Published: September 2024

Chromium tellurides represent a novel class of two-dimensional ferromagnets with significant potential for advanced electronic applications, including spintronics and magnonics. Despite their promise, the fabrication of large-area samples remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we report a facile modification to the common ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition setup that enables the synthesis of ultrathin Cr3Te4 nanosheets (6.4 nm thick) with lateral dimensions exceeding 100 μm. Our findings reveal that by tuning both the growth temperature and the distance between the precursor and substrate, the size and morphology of the synthesized Cr
x
Te
y
nanosheets were significantly impacted. The resulting large-size Cr3Te4, synthesized under 800 °C, exhibits robust ferromagnetism, with a Curie temperature reaching 178 K. This advancement in the preparation of large-area Cr3Te4 nanosheets opens new avenues for their integration into next-generation electronic devices.
Challenges and opportunities in upscaling inkjet-printing of OPV
Authors: Steinberger Marc , Xie Qingguang , Ronsin Olivier J J , Maisch Philipp , Tam Kai Cheong , Distler Andreas , Harting Jens , Brabec Christoph J , Egelhaaf Hans-Joachim
Published: September 2024

The power conversion efficiency and long-term stability of organic solar cells have increased tremendously over the past years, reaching up to 19.2% on research cells and 14.5% on large modules. To take the final step towards industrialization, fabrication methods that can be upscaled and directly implemented in industrial processes need to be developed. In recent years, well-known industrial techniques, like drop-on-demand inkjet printing, have been further developed within the organic photovoltaics (OPV) community, as it enables versatile printing of arbitrary, free-form organic solar modules with different colors-a key feature for modern building-integrated photovoltaics and several niche applications of OPV printed on any kind object. In this review, aside a brief summary of recent developments, we provide an overview of the biggest challenges in OPV inkjet-printing and define design rules to overcome these issues. Further perspectives of OPV inkjet-printing conclude the review.
The changing characteristics of torrential rainfall in the Huaihe River Basin from 1961 to 2020
Authors: Li Chang , Zhao Liang , Li Qingquan , Shen Xinyong , Xiao Ziniu , Duan Chunfeng
Published: September 2024

The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) is one of the most severely affected regions by torrential rain disasters in China. However, with climate warming, it is unclear what new features torrential rain exhibits and how the main modes of torrential rain change in this region. This study analyzes the first two modes of torrential rain in the HRB from 1961 to 2020 and their driving factors. Results show that in the last 30 years, the frequency of torrential rain events in the HRB has clearly increased, especially in southern HRB region during the flood season. The first mode of torrential rain is an entire basin-wide mode, with a period of 2–3 years. The mode is primarily influenced by the low-level westerly jet stream and Jianghuai cyclones, which are closely linked to the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) through influencing planetary wave propagation and convective activity under different phases of QBO. The second mode is a north-south distribution mode, with a period of 4–6 years. The leading circulation system is the frontal systems. Both the East Asia/Pacific (EAP) teleconnection wave train and ENSO drive the second torrential rain mode. During El Niño years, anomalous subsidence and anticyclone in the western tropical Pacific, induced by sea surface temperature warming in the eastern tropical Pacific through the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection, can trigger the EAP wave train poleward in the East Asian region. This wave train leads to the cold-warm confrontation conducive to the second torrential rain mode.
Experimental generation of scalar and vector vortex Pearcey–Gauss beams
Authors: Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Flores-Cova Gabriela , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Perez-Garcia Benjamin
Published: September 2024

In this manuscript, we put forward two new types of structured light beams, the vortex Pearcey–Gauss (VPeG) beam, with a homogeneous polarisation distribution, and the vector VPeG (VVPeG) beam, with a non-homogeneous polarisation distribution. The latter is generated as a non-separable superposition of the spatial and polarisation degrees of freedom of light. We achieve their experimental realization through the combination of a spatial light modulator, which creates a scalar Pearcey–Gauss beam, and a q-plate which transforms it into a vortex or a vortex vector beam, depending on its input polarisation state. Their intensity and polarisation distributions along the propagation direction were determined through Stokes polarimetry, which was compared with numerical simulations. As demonstrated, the VVPeG beam evolves from an all-linear polarisation distribution to an approximately full Poincaré beam. The proposed vector beams add to the extensive family of non-separable states of light. We anticipate that both types of beams will find applications in fields as diverse as optical metrology and tweezers, amongst others.
Decision tree insights analytics (DTIA) tool: an analytic framework to identify insights from large data records across fields of science
Authors: Hossny Karim , Hossny Mohammed , Cougnoux Antony , Mahmoud Loay , Villanueva Walter
Published: September 2024

Supervised machine learning (SML) techniques have been developed since the 1960s. Most of their applications were oriented towards developing models capable of predicting numerical values or categorical output based on a set of input variables (input features). Recently, SML models’ interpretability and explainability were extensively studied to have confidence in the models’ decisions. In this work, we propose a new deployment method named Decision Tree Insights Analytics (DTIA) that shifts the purpose of using decision tree classification from having a model capable of differentiating the different categorical outputs based on the input features to systematically finding the associations between inputs and outputs. DTIA can reveal interesting areas in the feature space, leading to the development of research questions and the discovery of new associations that might have been overlooked earlier. We applied the method to three case studies: (1) nuclear reactor accident propagation, (2) single-cell RNA sequencing of Niemann-Pick disease type C1 in mice, and (3) bulk RNA sequencing for breast cancer staging in humans. The developed method provided insights into the first two. On the other hand, it showed some of the method’s limitations in the third case study. Finally, we presented how the DTIA’s insights are more agreeable with the abstract information gain calculations and provide more in-depth information that can help derive more profound physical meaning compared to the random forest’s feature importance attribute and K-means clustering for feature ranking.
Advancements in prostate zone segmentation: integrating attention mechanisms into the nnU-Net framework
Authors: Vaitulevičius Aleksas , Bernatavičienė Jolita , Markevičiutė Jurgita , Naruševičiūtė Ieva , Trakymas Mantas , Treigys Povilas
Published: September 2024

Prostate cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in the world. Early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment of prostate cancer. Segmentation of prostate zones in magnetic resonance images is an important task in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Currently, the state-of-the-art method for this task is no-new U-Net. In this paper, a method to incorporate the attention U-Net architecture into no-new U-Net is proposed and compared with a classical U-net architecture as research. The experimental results indicate that there is no significant statistical difference between the proposed modification of no-new U-Net with the generalizability of the attention mechanism or the ability to achieve more accurate results. Moreover, two novel workflows are proposed for prostate segmentation, transitional zone segmentation and peripheral zone calculation workflow, and separate models for peripheral zone and transitional zone segmentation workflow. These workflows are compared with a baseline single peripheral zone and transitional zone segmentation model workflow. The experimental results indicate that separate models for peripheral zone and transitional zone segmentation workflow generalizes better than the baseline between data sets of different sources. In peripheral zone segmentation separate models for peripheral zone and transitional zone segmentation workflow achieves 1.9% higher median Dice score coefficient than the baseline workflow when using the attention U-Net architecture and 5.6% higher median Dice score coefficient when using U-Net architecture. Moreover, in transitional zone segmentation separate models for peripheral zone and transitional zone segmentation workflow achieves 0.4% higher median Dice score coefficient than the baseline workflow when using the attention U-Net architecture and 0.7% higher median Dice score coefficient when using U-Net architecture. Meanwhile, prostate segmentation, transitional zone segmentation and peripheral zone calculation workflow generalizes worse than the baseline. In peripheral zone segmentation prostate segmentation, transitional zone segmentation and peripheral zone calculation workflow achieves 4.6% lower median Dice score coefficient than the baseline workflow when using the attention U-Net architecture and 3.6% lower median Dice score coefficient when using U-Net architecture. In transitional zone segmentation prostate segmentation, transitional zone segmentation and peripheral zone calculation workflow achieves a similar median Dice score coefficient to the baseline workflow.
A census of cubic fourfolds over 𝔽₂
Authors: Auel Asher , Kulkarni Avinash , Petok Jack , Weinbaum Jonah
Published: September 2024

We compute a complete set of isomorphism classes of cubic fourfolds overF2\mathbb {F}_2. Using this, we are able to compile statistics about various invariants of cubic fourfolds, including their counts of points, lines, and planes; all zeta functions of the smooth cubic fourfolds overF2\mathbb {F}_2; and their Newton polygons. One particular outcome is the number of smooth cubic fourfolds overF2\mathbb {F}_2, which we fit into the asymptotic framework of discriminant complements. Another motivation is the realization problem for zeta functions ofK3K3surfaces. We present a refinement to the standard method of orbit enumeration that leverages filtrations and gives a significant speedup. In the case of cubic fourfolds, the relevant filtration is determined by Waring representation and the method brings the problem into the computationally tractable range.
Precarious Lives, Unstable Identities
Authors: McClure Laura
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the challenges of recovering the historical presence of hetaeras like Phryne in fourth-century Athens from the literary, artistic, and historical remains, and of differentiating them from other types of sexual laborers, and even from citizen wives. Their unstable identities and precarious lives are at the heart of three ongoing scholarly debates about Athenian prostitution arising, first, from the meanings of the terms used to refer to hetaeras, their ambiguous representation in art (namely Attic red-figure vase painting), and the diversity of personal names applied to them. As will be evident from this discussion, the signification of marginalized women was inextricably bound up with how Athenians defined and defended legitimate marriage and legal offspring from the earliest period of polis development, while the mobility of female social identity left many women, even legitimate female citizens, vulnerable to charges of sex work and fraud.
Bile acids acting as a feeding signal and functional foods mimicking bile acid function
Authors: Sato Ryuichiro
Published: September 2024

To elucidate the function of the bile acid-binding receptor TGR5 in skeletal muscle, we developed transgenic mice expressing human TGR5 in the skeletal muscle tissue. A significant increase in muscle mass was observed in these transgenic mice, whereas a decrease in muscle mass was observed in the TGR5-deficient mice. Following treadmill exercise, TGR5 gene expression increased in response to ER stress induced in skeletal muscle via an ER stress response motif present in its promoter region. Exercise and rapid postprandial elevation in blood bile acid concentrations can be considered the primary stimuli for the TGR5-mediated increase in skeletal muscle mass. We developed a scoring system to identify food ingredients with TGR5 agonist activity, and identified the citrus limonoid nomilin. Similar effects were observed for other triterpenoids in addition to nomilin. Cell culture and in vivo experiments demonstrated that these food factors increase protein synthesis and muscle mass.
Family perpetrated and condoned violence in the education of male Greco-Roman children
Authors: McWilliam Janette
Published: September 2024

It is widely recognized that physical corporal punishment was experienced by many Greco-Roman children and youths when they attended schools. However, relatively little attention has been paid to family perpetrated or condoned violence that was directed at children with learning impairments. This study examines the role of physical, emotional, and verbal family abuse perpetrated by parents, relatives, and other members of the household, such as slaves and freedmen, in the education of males with learning impairments. It examines in detail the family abuse suffered by Kottalos, the son of Mētrotimē, Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus, who at the age of 50 would become ruler of the Roman Empire, and Atticus Bradua, the son of the famous Athenian sophist Herodes Atticus and his Roman wife Regilla. All three were subjected to physical, emotional, and verbal family abuse because they were identified as individuals with learning impairments.
MGRN: toward robust drug recommendation via multi-view gating retrieval network
Authors: Meng Fanjun , Li Xiaobo , Hou Xiaodi , Lu Mingyu , Zhang Yijia
Published: September 2024

Motivation

Drug recommendation aims to allocate safe and effective drug combinations based on the patient’s health status from electronic health records, which is crucial to assist clinical physicians in making decisions. However, the existing drug recommendation works face two key challenges: (i) difficulty in fully representing the patient’s health status leads to biased drug representation; (ii) only focusing on diagnostic representations of multiple visits, neglecting the modeling of patient drug history.

Results

To address the above limitations, we propose a multi-view gating retrieval network (MGRN) for robust drug recommendation. We design visit-, sequence-, and token-level views to provide different perspectives on the interaction between patients and drugs, obtaining a more comprehensive representation of drugs. Moreover, we develop a gating drug retrieval module to capture critical drug information from multiple visits, which can assist in recommending more reasonable drug combinations for the current visit. When evaluated on publicly real-world MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV datasets, the proposed MGRN establishes a new benchmark performance, particularly achieving improvements of 1.36%, 1.71%, 1.21% and 2.12%, 2.36%, 1.81% in Jaccard, PRAUC, and F1-score, respectively, compared to state-of-the-art models.

Availability and implementation

The code is available at: https://github.com/kyosen258/MGRN.git.
Nurse understaffing associated with adverse outcomes for surgical admissions
Authors: Meredith Paul , Turner Lesley , Saville Christina , Griffiths Peter
Published: September 2024

Background

Nurses play a crucial role in maintaining the safety of surgical patients. Few nurse staffing studies have looked specifically at surgical patients to examine the impact of exposure to low staffing on patient outcomes.

Methods

A longitudinal patient analysis was conducted in four organizations in England using routine data from 213 910 admissions to all surgical specialties. Patients’ staffing exposures were modelled as counts of understaffed registered nurse and nurse assistant days in the first 5 inpatient days. Understaffing was identified when staffing per patient-day was below the mean for the ward. Cox models were used to examine mortality within 30 days of admission and readmission within 30 days of discharge. Generalized linear models were used to investigate duration of hospital stay and occurrence of hospital-acquired conditions.

Results

Increased exposure to registered nurse understaffing was associated with longer hospital stay and increased risk of deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and pressure ulcers. This was also true for nurse assistant understaffing, but the effect sizes tended to be smaller. In the Cox models, there were similarly increased hazards of death for registered nurse understaffing (HR 1.09, 95% c.i. 1.07 to 1.12) and nurse assistant understaffing (HR 1.10, 1.08 to 1.13), whereas the effect size of registered nurse understaffing for readmission (HR 1.02, 1.02 to 1.03) was greater than that seen with nurse assistants (HR 1.01, 1.01 to 1.02).

Conclusion

Understaffing by both registered nurses and nursing assistants is associated with increased risks of a range of adverse events, and generally larger effects are seen with registered nurse understaffing.
Timing and type of breast reconstruction in SweBRO 3: long-term outcomes
Authors: Gümüscü Rojda , Wärnberg Fredrik , de Boniface Jana , Sund Malin , Åhsberg Kristina , Hansson Emma , Folkvaljon Folke , Unukovych Dmytro , Mani Maria
Published: September 2024

Background

Breast reconstruction after mastectomy helps women with breast cancer feel better about their bodies and lives. There is debate about the best time and type of reconstruction (immediate versus delayed, and using own tissue versus implants). Long-term studies are rare.

Aim

This study looked at long-term results of different breast reconstruction methods and timings in Swedish women who had mastectomies in 2000, 2005 or 2010. It focused on how satisfied the women were with their surgeries and their quality of life.

Method

The study included 5853 women from the Swedish National Breast Cancer Registry who had mastectomies in 2000, 2005 or 2010. Of these, 2904 women answered the survey, and 895 had breast reconstruction. Satisfaction and quality of life were measured using two surveys: EORTC QLQ-BRECON23 and BREAST-Q.

Results

Of the women who answered the survey, 895 (31%) had breast reconstruction. Of these, 176 (20%) had immediate reconstruction, and 719 (80%) had delayed reconstruction; 58% had implant-based reconstructions, 31% had reconstructions using their own tissue, 2% had both types and 9% did not report the type of reconstruction. There were no major differences in satisfaction between immediate and delayed reconstruction. Women who used their own tissue were more satisfied with their results and breast appearance than those with implants.

Conclusion

Autologous reconstruction leads to better satisfaction and outcomes than implants. The timing of reconstruction (immediate versus delayed) was less of an influence on quality of life.
Outcome of the novel description of arterial position changes after major liver resections: retrospective study
Authors: Abbasi Dezfouli Sepehr , Dooghaie Moghadam Arash , Mayer Philipp , Klauss Miriam , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Chang De-Hua , Golriz Mohammad , Mehrabi Arianeb , Hellbach Katharina
Published: September 2024

Background

After major liver resections, anatomical shifts due to liver parenchymal hypertrophy and organ displacement can happen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these anatomical changes on the main abdominal arteries (coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery) and on patient outcomes.

Methods

All patients who underwent major liver resections (between January 2010 and July 2021) and who underwent preoperative and postoperative arterial-phase contrast-enhanced abdominal CT imaging were studied. Observed arterial position changes were classified into three groups: no position changes; class I position changes (vessel displacement with or without kinking with a vessel angle greater than 105°); and class II position changes (kinking less than or equal to 105°). The Mann–Whitney test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare continuous variables and the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare categorical variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for morbidity and mortality.

Results

A total of 265 patients (149 men and median age of 59 years) were enrolled. Arterial position changes were detected in a total of 145 patients (54.7%) (99 patients (37%) with class I position changes and 46 patients (18%) with class II position changes) and were observed more often after extended resection and right-sided resection (P < 0.001). Major complications were seen in 94 patients (35%) and the rate of mortality was 15% (40 patients died). Post-hepatectomy liver failure (P = 0.030), major complications (P < 0.001), and mortality (P = 0.004) occurred more frequently in patients with class II position changes. In multivariable analysis, arterial position change was an independent risk factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure (OR 2.86 (95% c.i. 1.06 to 7.72); P = 0.038), major complications (OR 2.10 (95% c.i. 1.12 to 3.93); P = 0.020), and mortality (OR 2.39 (95% c.i. 1.03 to 5.56); P = 0.042).

Conclusion

Arterial position changes post-hepatectomy are observed in the majority of patients and are significantly related to postoperative morbidities and mortality.
Operative versus conservative management for inguinal hernia: a methodology scoping review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Picciochi Maria , Lee Matthew J , Pathak Samir , Banks Jessica , Helliwell Jack A , Chapman Stephen J , Smart Neil , Chalmers Katy , Cousins Sian , Blencowe Natalie
Published: September 2024

Introduction

There is a lack of consensus on the management of inguinal hernia with limited symptoms. To address this issue a systematic review of existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed to critically appraise all existing data on asymptomatic hernia management, focusing on generalizability.

Methods

A scoping review to identify all RCTs comparing surgical and conservative management of patients with inguinal hernias was undertaken. Medline, Embase, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. Data collected included study characteristics and definitions of population, intervention/comparator, and outcomes; and limitations of each study were also extracted. The quality and generalizability of included RCTs were evaluated using Cochrane’s ROB-2 and the PRECIS-2 tool, respectively.

Results

Searches returned 661 papers; 14 full-text papers were assessed and three RCTs were identified. All RCTs included only male patients with a mean age above 55 years. All RCTs included asymptomatic patients and two included those with minimal symptoms. Different definitions for ‘minimally symptomatic’ were used in RCTs and none provided details of what was meant by conservative treatment. Follow-up periods varied between studies (1, 2, 3 years). All RCTs had an overall high risk of bias. According to PRECIS-2, two RCTs were classified as pragmatic, and one was equally pragmatic and explanatory.

Discussion

This systematic review highlights a high risk of bias but a good generalizability of the findings from the RCTs conducted on minimally symptomatic inguinal hernia patients. To improve the guidelines for the management of this group of patients, more generalizable data are needed.