bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Fomitellic Acid B.
Authors: Yamaoka Makoto , Nakazaki Atsuo , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antihuman Immunodeficiency Virus‐1. Protease Activity of New Lanostane‐Type Triterpenoids from Ganoderma sinense.
Authors: Sato Naoto , Zhang Qun , Ma Chao‐Mei , Hattori Masao
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cholesterol Analogues Labeled with Novel Silylated Fluorescent Compounds
Authors: Moriguchi Tomohisa , Hosaka Masahiro , Yoshinari Akihito , Ozaki Akiko , Takeuchi Toshiyuki , Shinozuka Kazuo
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of the N‐tert‐Butylsulfonyl (Bus) Protecting Group in Amino Acid and Peptide Chemistry.
Authors: Hanessian Stephen , Wang Xiaotian
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Permethacrylated Carbohydrates: Synthesis and Reactivity in Glycosidation Reaction.
Authors: Zandanel Christelle , Mioskowski Charles , Baati Rachid , Wagner Alain
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Access to Disubstituted exo‐Glycals. Application to the Preparation of C‐Glycosyl Compounds.
Authors: Novoa Alexandre , Pellegrini‐Moise Nadia , Lamande‐Langle Sandrine , Chapleur Yves
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calycinumines A (I) and B (II), Two Novel Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum calycinum.
Authors: Zhang Chuan‐Rui , Liu Hong‐Bing , Dong Shi‐Hui , Zhu Jian‐Yong , Wu Yan , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Melohenines A (I) and B (II), Two Unprecedented Alkaloids from Melodinus henryi.
Authors: Feng Tao , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Li Yan , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Ya‐Ping , Xie Ming‐Jin , Luo Xiao‐Dong
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzosceptrins A (Ia) and B (Ib) with a Unique Benzocyclobutane Skeleton and Nagelamide S (II) and T (III) from Pacific Sponges.
Authors: Appenzeller Jerome , Tilvi Supriya , Martin Marie‐Therese , Gallard Jean‐Francois , El‐bitar Hoda , Dau Elise Tran Huu , Debitus Cecile , Laurent Dominique , Moriou Celine , Al‐Mourabit Ali
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Isoroquefortine E (I) and Phenylahistin (II).
Authors: Shangguan Ning , Joullie Madeleine M.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Synthesis and Structural Determination of Benzopyrenomycin.
Authors: Hosokawa Seijiro , Mukaeda Yuki , Kawahara Ryo , Tatsuta Kuniaki
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis and Determination of Absolute Configuration of Vittatalactone.
Authors: Schmidt Yvonne , Breit Bernhard
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Cross‐Metathesis Approach to Trisporins.
Authors: Lopez‐Sanchez Cristobal , Hernandez‐Cervantes Carmen , Rosales Antonio , Alvarez‐Corral Miriam , Munoz‐Dorado Manuel , Rodriguez‐Garcia Ignacio
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermo‐physical Properties of Oxide Catalysts Probed by Temperature Programmed Desorption/Reduction/Oxidation/ (TPDRO) Techniques
Authors: Pai M. R.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Preparation of High Surface Area Metal Fluorides
Authors: Skapin Tomaz , Tavcar Gasper , Bencan Andreja , Mazej Zoran
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in f Element Reductive Reactivity as a paradigm for Expanding Lanthanide and Actinide Science and Technology
Authors: Evans William J.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Wire‐Like Diruthenium — σ‐Alkynyl Compounds and Charge Mobility Therein
Authors: Xi Bin , Ren Tong
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermomorphic Fluorous Palladacycles
Authors: Gladysz John A.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Crystalline ortho‐Palladated Complexes
Authors: Donnio Bertrand , Bruce Duncan W.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pd—C Building Block of Palladacycles: A Cornerstone for Stoichiometric C—C and C—X Bond Assemblage
Authors: Vila Jose M. , Pereira M. Teresa
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Activation
Authors: Albrecht Martin
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organosilicon Compounds as Water Scavengers in Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Volochnyuk Dmitry M. , Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Plaskon Andrey S. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes of Amino Acids and Amino Acid Side Chain Groups: Structures and Properties
Authors: Shimazaki Yuichi , Takani Masako , Yamauchi Osamu
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 2‐Deoxyglycosides
Authors: Hou Dianjie , Lowary Todd L.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stannenes, Distannenes, and Stannynes
Authors: Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: meso‐Substituted Porphyrin Synthesis from Monopyrrole
Authors: Pereira Mariette M. , Monteiro Carlos J. P. , Peixoto Andreia F.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Lee Ai‐Lan
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Containing Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Bantreil Xavier , Broggi Julie , Nolan Steven P.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Use of Osmium‐DNA Complexes
Authors: Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 1‐Benzotelluropyrylium Salts: Synthesis, Structure and Reactions
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Minoura Mao
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Aromatic Compounds Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Imamoto Tsuneo , Yanagisawa Akira
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Methodology for Bond Activation by Transition Metal Complexes and Their Application Toward Functional Molecule Synthesis
Authors: Nishihara Yasushi
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Otteliones Possessing Powerful Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Araki Hiroshi , Katoh Tadashi
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectrum of Histologic Changes in Colonic Biopsies in Patients Treated with Mycophenolate Mofetil
Authors: Selbst Megan K. , Ahrens William A. , Robert Marie E. , Friedman Amy , Proctor Deborah D. , Jain Dhanpat
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Animal Silks: Their Structures, Properties and Artificial Production
Authors: Fu Chengjie , Shao Zhengzhong , Fritz Vollrath
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromaticity and Tautomerism in Porphyrins and Porphyrinoids
Authors: Stepien M. , Latos‐Grazynski L.
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroelectrochemistry: The Best of Two Worlds
Authors: Kaim Wolfgang , Fiedler Jan
Published: February 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Route of intracerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy administration and efficacy of therapy in neoplastic meningitis
Authors: Glantz Michael J. , Van Horn Alixis , Fisher Rebecca , Chamberlain Marc C.
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND:

A study was undertaken to determine whether route (intraventricular vs intralumbar) of intracerebrospinal fluid (intra‐CSF) drug administration influences progression‐free survival in the treatment of patients with neoplastic meningitis, which occurs in 1% to 5% of patients with known cancer. Currently available treatment options result in modest responses, which is in part a reflection of obstacles to drug delivery into the leptomeningeal space.

METHODS:

One hundred patients with clinically and cytologically or radiographically documented neoplastic meningitis because of solid cancers received intra‐CSF liposomal cytarabine or methotrexate as specified in a randomized phase 4 trial. The 2 treatment arms were well balanced for demographic and tumor‐related characteristics of known prognostic importance, including age, performance status, tumor type, extent of systemic and other central nervous system (CNS) disease, prior CNS therapy, and concurrent systemic chemotherapy.

RESULTS:

One hundred patients were randomized and treated (52 with sustained‐release cytarabine, and 48 with methotrexate). Progression‐free survival (the primary study endpoint) was identical between the sustained‐release cytarabine and methotrexate treatment arms for all 100 patients (35 vs 37.5 days, P = .79). When progression‐free survival was examined as a function of route of chemotherapy administration (lumbar vs ventricular), there was no difference for patients treated with sustained‐release cytarabine (29 vs 43 days, P = .35). For patients treated with methotrexate, however, there was a statistically significant difference favoring patients receiving intraventricular therapy (19 vs 43 days, P = .048).

CONCLUSIONS:

Site of intra‐CSF chemotherapy drug administration is clinically relevant with short half‐life drugs such as methotrexate. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Analysis of prognostic factors in Ewing sarcoma using a population‐based cancer registry
Authors: Lee Joe , Hoang Bang H. , Ziogas Argyrios , Zell Jason A.
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND:

Ewing sarcoma is a high‐grade malignancy that most often occurs in children. Because its occurrence in adults has been historically low, few studies have been published on the epidemiology of Ewing sarcoma in this group of patients. By using data from a large, population‐based cancer registry, the authors designed the present study to examine the outcome of children and adult patients with Ewing sarcoma and relevant prognostic factors.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of Ewing sarcoma patient cases in the California Cancer Registry database was performed to identify incident patient cases diagnosed between 1989‐2007. Comparisons were made to examine differences in demographics, disease characteristics, treatment, and survival. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan‐Meier method with log‐rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:

Seven hundred and twenty‐five incident patient cases of Ewing sarcoma were identified, including 372 (51.3%) children and 353 (48.7%) adults. Hispanic race was associated with young age (P = .001) and lower socioeconomic status (SES; P = .0001). Pelvic involvement was associated with large tumor size (>8 cm; P < .0001), an increased incidence of metastasis (P < .0002), and poorer survival (P < .0001). After adjusting for clinically relevant factors, statistically significant decreased overall survival was seen with adults (hazard ratio [HR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35‐2.17), Hispanics (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.75), metastatic disease (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.14‐3.49), large tumor size (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.34), no surgical treatment, and low SES.

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors determined that adult age, Hispanic race, metastatic disease, large tumor size, and low SES are poor prognostic factors for overall survival among Ewing sarcoma patient cases. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Nuclear grading of primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas
Authors: Nakazato Yoshimasa , Minami Yuko , Kobayashi Hiromi , Satomi Kaishi , Anami Yoichi , Tsuta Koji , Tanaka Ryota , Okada Masafumi , Goya Tomoyuki , Noguchi Masayuki
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND:

According to the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors, the prognostic value of morphometric cytologic atypia has not been assessed in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

METHODS:

Primary tumors of 133 pulmonary adenocarcinomas ≤2 cm were analyzed using an image processor for analytical pathology. The results were evaluated using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, and survival curves were drawn by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Furthermore, the results were applied to routine histological diagnosis. Four pathologists evaluated the nuclear factors relative to the size of small lymphocytes as a standard.

RESULTS:

By using the nuclear area and nuclear major axis dimension, lung adenocarcinomas were divisible into 2 groups showing extremely favorable prognosis and fairly favorable prognosis, without considering histological features or classification. A nuclear area level of <67 μm2 was correlated with longer survival (P < .0001), and the 5‐year survival rate was 90.4%. Similarly, a nuclear diameter level of <0.7 μm was correlated with longer survival (P = .0002), and the 5‐year survival rate was 88.6%. The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) value of the kappa statistic for the 4 pathologists who evaluated the cases using the size of small lymphocytes as a standard was 0.58 ± 0.10, and the mean (±SD) value of the accuracy metric was 0.66 ± 0.10.

CONCLUSIONS:

Nuclear area and nuclear major dimension are 2 useful independent markers for evaluating the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Increasing cytotechnologist workload above 100 slides per day using the ThinPrep imaging system leads to significant reductions in screening accuracy
Authors: Elsheikh Tarik M. , Kirkpatrick Joseph L. , Cooper Mackenzie K. , Johnson Mary L. , Hawkins Allison P. , Renshaw Andrew A.
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND:

With the current and projected shortage of a cytotechnologist (CT) workforce and the desire to reduce laboratory costs, increased productivity with automated assisted primary screening has become an attractive option for many laboratories. To the best of the authors' knowledge, longitudinal studies examining the effect of increasing workload on the performance of individual CTs have not been performed previously.

METHODS:

Using the ThinPrep imaging system (TIS), the performance of 3 CTs with variable levels of experience were evaluated. Their productivity was noted to increase from an average of 87 to 118 slides per day. The analysis included comparisons of error rates, screening rates, and screening times, including a review of 22 fields of view (FOV). Poststudy interviews of the CTs were also performed.

RESULTS:

Increased workload was found to be proportional to the decreased percentage of cases that underwent full manual review (25.2% to 20.1%; P < .001), and decreased actual screening times (7.3 hours/day to 6.7 hours/day, and 5.0 minutes/slideto 3.7 minutes/slide). This resulted in a lower detection of total abnormal findings (10.4% to 8.3%; P < .001), atypical squamous cells (6.7% to 4.9%; P < .001), and high‒grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (0.9 %to 0.7%; P = .37), as well as an increased false‐negative fraction rate (3.8% to 7.0%; P = .08).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of the current study indicate that an increased average CT workload >100 slides per day with the TIS appears to have been accomplished mostly through a reduction in the amount of time spent reviewing the 22 FOV and the percentage of cases that underwent full manual review, which resulted in a significantly reduced screening performance. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Development of nitrergic neurons in the nervous system of the locust embryo
Authors: Stern Michael , Böger Nicole , Eickhoff René , Lorbeer Christina , Kerssen Ulrike , Ziegler Maren , Martinelli Giorgio P. , Holstein Gay R. , Bicker Gerd
Published: February 2010

We followed the development of the nitric oxide‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO‐cGMP) system during locust embryogenesis in whole mount nervous systems and brain sections by using various cytochemical techniques. We visualized NO‐sensitive neurons by cGMP immunofluorescence after incubation with an NO donor in the presence of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator YC‐1 and the phosphodiesterase‐inhibitor isobutyl‐methyl‐xanthine (IBMX). Central nervous system (CNS) cells respond to NO as early as 38% embryogenesis. By using the NADPH‐diaphorase technique, we identified somata and neurites of possible NO‐synthesizing cells in the CNS. The first NADPH‐diaphorase‐positive cell bodies appear around 40% embryogenesis in the brain and at 47% in the ventral nerve cord. The number of positive cells reaches the full complement of adult cells at 80%. In the brain, some structures, e.g., the mushroom bodies acquire NADPH‐diaphorase staining only postembryonically. Immunolocalization of L‐citrulline confirmed the presence of NOS in NADPH‐diaphorase‐stained neurons and, in addition, indicated enzymatic activity in vivo. In whole mount ventral nerve cords, citrulline immunolabeling was present in varying subsets of NADPH‐diaphorase‐positive cells, but staining was very variable and often weak. However, in a regeneration paradigm in which one of the two connectives between ganglia had been crushed, strong, reliable staining was observed as early as 60% embryogenesis. Thus, citrulline immunolabeling appears to reflect specific activity of NOS. However, in younger embryos, NOS may not always be constitutively active or may be so at a very low level, below the citrulline antibody detection threshold. For the CNS, histochemical markers for NOS do not provide conclusive evidence for a developmental role of this enzyme. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1157–1175, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of sperm αvβ3 integrin in mouse fertilization
Authors: Boissonnas Céline Chalas , Montjean Debbie , Lesaffre Corinne , Auer Jana , Vaiman Daniel , Wolf Jean‐Philippe , Ziyyat Ahmed
Published: February 2010

Oocyte integrins have been described as essential for fertilization. But this concept has been challenged by deletion experiments. Recently, we have shown that sperm integrin α6β1 plays a determinant role in mouse gamete interaction. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of αvβ3 integrin by Western blot and immunofluorescence on the sperm membrane. Oocytes and/or sperm preincubations with anti‐αv or anti‐β3 antibodies were performed before in vitro fertilization on cumulus‐intact and zona‐free egg assays. We observed inhibitory effects on the fusion process mostly by means of sperm function. An antibody directed against vitronectin inhibited gametes fusion, whereas the presence of exogenous vitronectin increased its efficiency. We suggest that vitronectin (on multimeric forms) can play a first nonspecific link corresponding to loosely bound spermatozoa to oocyte and that this link could be mediated by means of oocyte proteoglycans or integrins, and sperm αvβ3 integrin. Developmental Dynamics 239:773–783, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels
Authors: Fleming Paul A. , Argraves W. Scott , Gentile Carmine , Neagu Adrian , Forgacs Gabor , Drake Christopher J.
Published: February 2010

Blood vessel formation via vascular fusion. When placed into hanging drop culture, five uniluminal vascular spheroids fuse to form a single, larger diameter spheroid with an outer layer of smooth muscle alpha actin positive cells (red) and an inner PECAM‐1 positive endothelium (green) surrounding a large central lumen. From Fleming et al., Developmental Dynamics 239:398–406, 2010.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Protonation Reactions of Ar‐BIAN and Ar‐BICAT Diimine Platinum Diphenyl Complexes
Authors: Parmene Jerome , Krivokapic Alexander , Tilset Mats
Published: February 2010

PtII diphenyl complexes (N–N)PtPh2 [N–N = diimines Ar–N=C(An)C=N–Ar with Ar = substituted aryl groups] have been prepared and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. The 195Pt NMR spectroscopic data establish the electronic influence exerted by substituents at the backbone of the diimine ligand system to the metal center. When compared to diimines Ar–N=CMe–CMe=N–Ar, the electron‐withdrawing ability of the Ar‐BIAN ligand and the electron‐donating ability of the O,O‐heterocyclic Ar‐BICAT systems are demonstrated. Trends in 195Pt NMR chemical shifts suggest that electronic tuning of the metal center is better achieved through variations of the diimine backbone substituents rather than variation of the substituents at the N‐Aryl groups. Protonation of (N–N)PtPh2 in dichloromethane/acetonitrile at –78 °C furnishes the corresponding PtIV hydrides (N–N)PtPh2H(NCMe)+. The PtIV hydrides liberate benzene with the formation of (N–N)PtPh(NCMe)+ when the temperature is raised. A second protonation and rapid benzene elimination produces the dicationic PtII species (N–N)Pt(NCMe)22+ at approximately 50 °C. Protonation of (N–N)PtPh2 in the absence of acetonitrile results in the clean formation of (N–N)PtPh(η2‐C6H6)+ at temperatures that depend on the steric hindrance provided by the alkyl substituents at the diimine N‐aryl groups. These findings support the notion that the metal is the kinetically preferred site of protonation. The results qualitatively agree with a recent mechanistic study of protonation‐induced reactions of (diimine)PtPh2 complexes that bear simple methyl substituents at the diimine backbone. Several compounds have been crystallographically characterized. All complexes have the expected square planar environment at the metal. Modest variations in the metric parameters suggest that the Ar‐BICAT system has a weaker trans influence than the Ar‐BIAN and Ar‐DAB systems.
Acridone‐Benzimidazole Ring‐Fused Ligands: A New Class of Sensitizers of Lanthanide Luminescence via Low‐Energy Excitation
Authors: Deiters Emmanuel , Gumy Frédéric , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G.
Published: February 2010

Two monotopic tridentate ligands, namely HLAB1 and HLAB2 have been synthesized which feature an acridone chromophore fused on a benzimidazolepyridine framework. They differ from each other by their connection points between a N‐methylacridone and a N‐methylbenzimidazole chromophoric moieties. Both ligands self‐assemble with LnIII ions in neat acetonitrile to form thermodynamically stable neutral complexes of general formula [Ln(LABX)3] (log β13 in the range 22–25). Subsequent photophysical investigations conducted in the same solvent demonstrate that ligand HLAB1 sensitizes europium luminescence (QLEu = 10 % and τEu = 0.93 ms) whereas ligand HLAB2 sensitizes the luminescence of NIR‐emitting LnIII ions, in particular YbIII (QLYb = 0.86 % and τYb = 29.3 μs). The sensitization efficiencies ηsens of both ligands have been determined for these two complexes and found to be around 50–60 %. The main advantage of these ligands is their excitation wavelength which lies in the visible range (410–430 nm).
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Pyrrolidine‐Containing Iminosugars
Authors: Stocker Bridget L. , Dangerfield Emma M. , Win‐Mason Anna L. , Haslett Gregory W. , Timmer Mattie S. M.
Published: February 2010

As noted inhibitors of glycosidases, iminosugars have enormous therapeutic potential in the treatment of a number of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and lysosomal storage disorders. Accordingly, much effort has been expended over the past decades in developing novel and efficient methodologies for the synthesis of iminosugars. This microreview highlights recent (post 2005) developments in the synthesis of pyrrolidine‐containing iminosugars and includes discussions of methodologies such as ring‐closing metathesis, aldol and pericyclic reactions, and protecting‐group free strategies.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Rearrangement–Nucleophilic Substitution of α‐Acetoxy Alkynyl Oxiranes or Aziridines: Efficient Approach to Furans and Pyrroles
Authors: Blanc Aurélien , Alix Aurélien , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick
Published: February 2010

Highly substituted furans and pyrroles were efficiently formed by a new gold(I)‐catalyzed tandem rearrangement–nucleophilic substitution of acetoxylated alkynyl oxiranes and aziridines in the presence of various nucleophiles.
Differential characterization of biogenic amine‐producing bacteria involved in food poisoning using MALDI‐TOF mass fingerprinting
Authors: Fernández‐No Inmaculada C. , Böhme Karola , Gallardo José M. , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Cañas Benito , Calo‐Mata Pilar
Published: February 2010

Histamine poisoning is caused by the consumption of fish and other foods that harbor bacteria possessing histidine decarboxylase activity. With the aim of preventing histamine formation, highly specific mass spectral fingerprints were obtained from the 16 major biogenic amine‐producing enteric and marine bacteria by means of MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. All bacterial strains analyzed exhibited specific spectral fingerprints that enabled its unambiguous differentiation. This technique also identified peaks common to certain bacterial groups. Thus, two protein peaks at m/z 4182±1 and 8363±6 were found to be present in all Enterobacteriaceae species analyzed except for Morganella morganii. Peaks at m/z 3635±1 and 7267±2 were specific to both M. morganii and Proteus spp. Biogenic amine‐forming Proteus spp. exhibited three genus‐specific peaks at m/z 3980, 7960±1 and 9584±2. The genus Photobacterium also showed three genus‐specific peaks at m/z 2980±1, 4275±1 and 6578±1. The two histamine‐producing Gram‐positive bacteria Lactobacillus sp. 30A and Staphylococcus xylosus exhibited a few protein peaks in the 2000–7000 m/z range and could be easily distinguished from biogenic amine‐forming Gram‐negative bacteria. Clustering based on MALDI‐TOF MS also exhibited a good correlation with phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, validating the ability of the MALDI‐TOF technique to establish relationships between microbial strains and species. The approach described in this study leads the way toward the rapid and specific identification of major biogenic amine‐forming bacteria based on molecular protein markers with a goal to the timely prevention of histamine food poisoning.
Classification of eating disturbance in children and adolescents: Proposed changes for the DSM‐V
Authors: Bravender T. , Bryant‐Waugh R. , Herzog D. , Katzman D. , Kriepe R. D. , Lask B. , Le Grange D. , Lock J. , Loeb K. L. , Marcus M. D. , Madden S. , Nicholls D. , O'Toole J. , Pinhas L. , Rome E. , Sokol‐Burger M. , Wallin U. , Zucker N.
Published: February 2010

Childhood and adolescence are critical periods of neural development and physical growth. The malnutrition and related medical complications resulting from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified may have more severe and potentially more protracted consequences during youth than during other age periods. The consensus opinion of an international workgroup of experts on the diagnosis and treatment of child and adolescent eating disorders is that (a) lower and more developmentally sensitive thresholds of symptom severity (e.g. lower frequency of purging behaviours, significant deviations from growth curves as indicators of clinical severity) be used as diagnostic boundaries for children and adolescents, (b) behavioural indicators of psychological features of eating disorders be considered even in the absence of direct self‐report of such symptoms and (c) multiple informants (e.g. parents) be used to ascertain symptom profiles. Collectively, these recommendations will permit earlier identification and intervention to prevent the exacerbation of eating disorder symptoms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
On iterative methods for the incompressible Stokes problem
Authors: ur Rehman M. , Geenen T. , Vuik C. , Segal G. , MacLachlan S. P.
Published: February 2010

In this paper, we discuss various techniques for solving the system of linear equations that arise from the discretization of the incompressible Stokes equations by the finite‐element method. The proposed solution methods, based on a suitable approximation of the Schur‐complement matrix, are shown to be very effective for a variety of problems. In this paper, we discuss three types of iterative methods. Two of these approaches use the pressure mass matrix as preconditioner (or an approximation) to the Schur complement, whereas the third uses an approximation based on the ideas of least‐squares commutators (LSC). We observe that the approximation based on the pressure mass matrix gives h‐independent convergence, for both constant and variable viscosity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homotopy solution for flow of a micropolar fluid on a continuous moving surface
Authors: Alomari A. K. , Noorani M. S. M. , Nazar R.
Published: February 2010

In this paper, the steady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a micropolar fluid on an isothermal continuously moving plane surface is studied analytically. It is assumed that the microinertia density is variable and the viscous dissipation effect is taken into account. The system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is solved analytically using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and the results are obtained for various flow and heat transfer characteristics. By using HAM, accurate analytic series solutions are obtained in the whole spatial region. Also, a new suggestion for choosing the proper value of the auxiliary parameter ℏ in the convergence region is proposed. It is observed that the present solutions have higher accuracy when the residual error is obtained. The present results show that this algorithm is effective and can be similarly applied to other nonlinear equations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary chemical and micromorphological observations on Urartu (800–600 B.C.) ceramics, eastern Turkey
Authors: Akça Erhan , Arocena Joselito , Kiliç Sinan , Dingil Mahmut , Kapur Selim
Published: February 2010

Anatolia has long been a major pottery production center of the ancient world, dating back 7000 cal yr B.P. The Early Iron Age Urartu Kingdom (800–600 B.C.) of eastern Anatolia is known for the production of high‐quality pottery, but little is known regarding firing technology and manufacture of these ceramics. Here we present a preliminary study of Urartu ceramic micromorphology and chemistry and suggest that the Urartus had good knowledge of local geology and intentionally used chemical fluxes (Pb, Rb, and Li) to attain desired firing temperatures. The sophisticated production of Urartu ceramics is comparable to later high‐quality Roman pottery (terra sigillata) procured from the same area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entropy‐supported marker selection and Mantel statistics for haplotype sharing analysis
Authors: Schulz Anke , Fischer Christine , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Beckmann Lars
Published: February 2010

Haplotype sharing analysis is a well‐established option for the investigation of the etiology of complex diseases. The statistical power of haplotype association methods depends strongly on how the information of unobserved haplotypes can be captured by multilocus genotypes. In this study we combine an entropy‐based marker selection algorithm (EMS), with a haplotype sharing‐based Mantel statistics into a new algorithm. Genetic markers are iteratively selected by their multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD), which is assessed by a normalized entropy difference. The initial marker set is gradually enlarged to increase the available information on the amount of sharing around a potential susceptibility marker. Markers are rejected from joint phasing if they do not increase the multilocus LD. In simulated candidate gene studies, the Mantel statistics combined with the new EMS performs as well or better at detecting the disease single nucleotide polymorphism—or in indirect association analysis its flanking markers—than the Mantel statistics without selection of markers prior to haplotype estimation and the Mantel statistics using sliding windows of size five. It is therefore appealing to apply our selection approach for haplotype‐based association analysis, since marker selection driven by the observed data avoids both the arbitrary choice of markers when using a fixed window size, as well as the estimation of haplotype block structure. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 354–363, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cryptocaryalactone and of a Diastereoisomer of (+)‐Strictifolione via Ring‐Closing Metathesis (RCM) and Olefin Cross‐Metathesis (CM)
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Vangala Bhaskar , Reddy S. Siva Sankara , Yadav Jhillu S.
Published: February 2010

Ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) and olefin cross‐metathesis (CM) reactions were used as the key steps for the synthesis of (+)‐cryptocaryalactone (1) and the first synthesis of the diastereoisomer 3 of (+)‐strictifolione, starting from the commercially available L‐malic acid (=(2S)‐2‐hydroxybutanedioic acid).
Synthesis of New Tacrine Analogues from 4‐Amino‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile
Authors: Salaheldin Abdellatif M. , Oliveira‐Campos Ana M. F. , Parpot Pier , Rodrigues Lígia M. , Oliveira M. Manuel , Feixoto Francisco P.
Published: February 2010

An easy preparation of 4‐amino‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives and their transformation into new substituted pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyridines is described. The one‐step transformation was carried out via Friedländer reaction under microwave irradiation and by classical heating methods. The use of microwave irradiation led to high conversion and shorter reaction times.
Catunaregin and Epicatunaregin, Two Norneolignans Possessing an Unprecedented Skeleton from Catunaregam spinosa
Authors: Gao Guang‐Chun , Luo Xiong‐Ming , Wei Xiao‐Yi , Qi Shu‐Hua , Yin Hao , Xiao Zhi‐Hui , Zhang Si
Published: February 2010

Catunaregin (1) and epicatunaregin (2), two novel norneolignans with a unique O‐bridged furopyran ring, together with three known neolignans, ficusal, balanophonin, and 5″‐methoxy‐4″‐O‐(8‐guaiacylglycerol)buddlenol A, were isolated from the stem bark of Catunaregam spinosa, a Chinese mangrove associate. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means, including two‐dimensional NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate inhibition against the mammary cancer F10 cell line.
Verticillane‐Type Diterpenoids and an Eudesmanolide‐Type Sesquiterpene from the Formosan Soft Coral Cespitularia hypotentaculata
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chi , Abd El‐Razek Mohamed H. , Shen Ya‐Ching
Published: February 2010

Four new diterpenes, cespihypotins W–Z (1–4), having the verticillane skeleton and characterized by an α,β‐unsaturated γ‐hydroxycyclopentanone moiety, and a new eudesmanolide‐type sesquiterpene, cespilactam A (5), containing an α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactam residue, were isolated from the AcOEt‐soluble fraction of the Taiwanese soft coral Cespitularia hypotentaculata. The structure and relative configuration of these metabolites was elucidated through extensive interpretation of MS, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments and by comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds.
Sesquiterpene and Aristolochic Acid Derivatives from Thottea hainanensis
Authors: Dong Shi‐Wen , Wang Xuan , Shang Ming‐Ying , Ma Chao‐Mei , Zhang Shu‐Xiang , Li Xiao‐Wei , Xu Min‐Juan , Cai Shao‐Qing , Namba Tsuneo
Published: February 2010

One new sesquiterpene named thotteodiol (1) with a novel skeleton and one new derivative of aristolochic acid named 7‐hydroxyaristolochic acid III methyl ester (2), together with 20 known compounds, were isolated from the stems and roots of Thottea hainanensis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods.
Three New Glycosides from Viburnum plicatumThunb. var. tomentosumMiq.
Authors: Machida Koichi , Sagawa Hitomi , Onoguchi Rie , Kikuchi Masao
Published: February 2010

Three new glycosides, 7‐O‐tigloylsecologanol (1), 7‐O‐tigloylsecologanolic acid (2), and 3′‐O‐[(2S)‐2‐methylbutanoyl]henryoside (3), together with seven known ones, were isolated from the leaves of Viburnum plicatum Thunb. var. tomentosum Miq. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical data.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized 3‐Aryl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles from Hydrazonoyl Chlorides and Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of Ph3P
Authors: Yavari Issa , Khalili Gholamhossein , Mirzaei Anvar
Published: February 2010

The zwitterionic 1 : 1 intermediates generated by addition of Ph3P to acetylenic esters is trapped by 1‐[(aryl)chloromethylene]‐2‐phenylhydrazines (=N‐phenylarenecarbohydrazonoyl chlorides) to yield functionalized 3‐aryl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles in good yields.
Benzyl N‐[(Benzyloxy)methyl]carbamate: An Improved Aminomethylation Electrophile for the Synthesis of (Benzyloxy)carbonyl (Cbz)‐Protected Chiral β2‐Amino Acids
Authors: Brocklehurst Cara E. , Furegati Markus , Müller‐Hartwieg J. Constanze D. , Ossola Flavio , La Vecchia Luigi
Published: February 2010

α‐Aminomethylation of (R)‐DIOZ‐alkylated (DIOZ=4‐isopropyl‐5,5‐diphenyloxazolidin‐2‐one) substrates is a key step in the asymmetric synthesis of β2‐amino acids, but it is unfortunately often accompanied by formation of transcarbamation by‐products. Aminomethylation was tested using a range of electrophiles, and the amount of by‐product formation was assessed in each case. Benzyl N‐[(benzyloxy)methyl]carbamate electrophile 3d is unable to form this by‐product due to its inherent benzyl substitution. Use of electrophile 3d showed an improved impurity profile in aminomethylation, thus leading to easier intermediate purification.