bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Succession Planning Activities at a Rural Public Health Department
Authors: Cole Sandra , Harbour Clifford
Published: March 2021

This qualitative case study utilized interviews and evaluation of publicallyavailable documents to investigate the process of succession planning in a moderately-sized public health office located in a metropolitan community in a frontier-rural state. Following analysis of the data, the results were compared to literature findings. Four public health directors, the County Health Officer and the Board of Health chairperson participated in the private, face-to-face interviews. These individuals were asked to participate because they have the ability to direct staff leadership development activities. A formal succession planning program did not exist at this agency; however, on an informal basis, leadership development was evident. Successes in promotion of leadership development included establishment of a cooperative and collegial work atmosphere. Barriers to the process of succession planning included a lack of stable funding, lack of understanding about the role of public health by the public, erosion of public health authority, inability to recruit trained personnel, low pay scales, and aging of the current workforce. The results of this study indicate that although formal succession planning programs may not exist within an agency, leadership development is still possible through proven adult education methods.
“Worried About Them When We Left”: A Mixed-Methods Essay
Authors: Lehna Carlee , Twyman Stephanie , Fahey Erin , Coty Mary-Beth , Williams Joseph , Scrivener Drane , Wishnia Gracie
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this visual inquiry using ethnographic photographic research was to examine fire safety in homes of 42 urban older adults. Photographs were taken to document home fire safety (HFS) practices and grouped according to Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Home Safety Checklist categories. Participants had a mean age of 74 years, and were mostly African American (n=21, 57%), and female (n=32, 78%). Major findings from the photographs demonstrated unsafe electrical, cooking, and heating practices. Other HFS hazards related to installation and maintenance of carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke alarms, smoking safety, and identification and practice of home fire escape plans. The findings will provide future direction for community education and fire prevention advocacy for older adults.
Metacognition and Self-Scaffolding in MMORPGs: Case Study of an Adolescent Male Gamer
Authors: Monem Ruba
Published: March 2021

The genre of massively multiplayer online role-playing games has become increasingly popular with adolescent males. While researchers have studied the social aspect of online role-playing games, there is little known about the metacognitive and self-scaffolding processes that players engage in as they navigate these digital immersive environments. This case study focuses on the experience of an adolescent male gamer as he develops his knowledge, selfawareness and virtual identity.
SYSADOAs: su origen y calidad hacen la diferencia en eficacia y seguridad?
Authors: Vitaloni Marianna , Möller Ingrid , Verges Josep
Published: March 2021

En esta nueva entrevista con la historia avanzamos a finales del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX para revisar los aportes de William Osler el padre de la medicina moderna occidental y un pionero de la reumatología.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI DALAM BELAJAR IPA DI SMPN 3 LAWANG KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Kurniawati Rovia
Published: March 2021

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan agar kita dapat mengetahui hasil peningkatan belajar peserta didik SMPN 3 Lawang terutama pada kelas VIII-G   pada bulan Pebruari - Maret 2019   tahun pelajaran 2018 - 2019, terdiri dari 30 peserta didik. Secara umum, penerapan siklus II yang berjalan dengan cukup baik, meskipun masih belum mencapai ketuntasan dalam belajar klasikal tetapi, sudah terjadi peningkatan mulai dari 53% pada siklus I hingga menjadi 78% pada siklus II. Dari seluruh langkah yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi pada metode pembelajaran Thinks Pair and Share ini dapat mengembangkan atau meningkatkan hasil belajar dan peserta didik yang terlibat secara aktif didalam proses pembelajaran sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar.
GÖRSEL SANATLAR ÖĞRETİMİNDE YENİ YAKLAŞIMLAR: AÇIK HAVADA EĞİTİM
Authors: SEBİK GÜNDÜZ Ceylan , KIRATLI Ayşe Dilek
Published: March 2021

Görsel sanatlar öğretiminde yeni yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde ele alınan bu araştırmada Açık Havada Eğitim (AHE) modeli nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Açık Havada Eğitim Etkinliklerinde (AHEE); açık alanların programlanmış bir eğitim dizgesinde kullanımı ile bireyin bilişsel, duyuşsal ve edimsel düzeyini yükseltilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. AHEE ile yapılandırılmış bir Görsel Sanatlar Dersi’nde öğrencilerin; aktif liderlik, takım çalışması, akran ilişkileri, çevresel farkındalık gibi özellikleri geliştirmeye teşvik edilebileceği öngörülmektedir. Açık havada eğitim etkinliği, tematik olması ve farklı konu alanlarının kesiştirebilmesi sayesinde hemen hemen her alan için kullanılabilirdir. Sınıfın dışında, doğal ortamlarda gerçekleştirilen AHEE birçok disiplinde olduğu gibi sanat eğitimi için de farklı bir alternatif bir model oluşturabileceği düşünülmektedir. Sanat eğitimi duyuların duygularla iletişimi aracığıyla ortaya çıkan yaratıcı ifade gücünü besler niteliktedir. Bu bağlamda öğrenciler ancak yaparak, yaşayarak öğrenme paradigması doğrultusunda duyular yardımıyla aktif bir şekilde aldıkları bilgiyi yapılandırır ve bütünleştirebilirler. AHE yaklaşımı rastlantısal deneyimlere açık bir öğrenme ve öğretme süreci içermektedir. Bu durumda AHEE’nin Görsel Sanatlar Dersi için sunacağı rastlantısal deneyimlerin, öğrenme sürecine yansıması olumlu ve olumsuz yönleriyle tartışılması faydalı olacağı öngörülmektedir.
GOYA’NIN KARA RESİMLERİ VE "KÖPEK" ADLI RESMİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: KAÇMAZ ATEŞ Özlem
Published: March 2021

Francisco Goya (1746-1828), 18. yüzyılın ikinci ve 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yaşamış bir sanatçı olarak, İspanya’nın sancılı bir dönemine tanıklık etmiştir. Sanatçı, iç savaşın ve Fransız işgalinin yaşandığı bu dönemden çok etkilenmiş ve yaşadıkları sanatına doğrudan yansımıştır. Çarpıcı ve sanatsal değeri yüksek olan resimleri bu nedenle belge niteliği taşımaktadır. Goya’nın resimleri, savaş ve şiddet konusunda toplumsal hafızayı uyarıcı ve tetikte olmayı gerektiren bir işlev üstlenmişlerdir.

Neoklasizm’den Romantizm’e geçiş sürecinde yaşamış olan Goya, geleneksel yaklaşımdan uzaklaşarak; içselliğini, heyecan ve duygularını resimlerine yansıtmış olan ilk sanatçılardan birisidir. Sanatçı Aydınlanma Felsefe’sinin etkisiyle Avrupa’da sosyal ve politik değişimlerin hız kazandığı bir dönemde yaşamış; özgürlükçü ve eleştirel tutumunu resimlerine taşımıştır.

Bu makalede, Goya’nın 1819-1823 yılları arasında yaşadığı evin duvarlarına yaptığı Kara Resimler ve bu resimler içerisinde belirgin bir şekilde öne çıkan Köpek adlı resmi incelenmiştir. Sanatçının yaşamı ve yaşadığı dönemin öne çıkan olayları, resimlerine etkisi bağlamında genel hatlarıyla ele alınmış ve Köpek adlı resmin ayrıntılı analizi yapılmıştır. Resimde yer alan imgelerin metaforik açılımları ve köpek imgesi ekseninde gelişenler incelenmiştir.
Public Broadcasting in Africa Series: Nigeria
Authors: Akingbulu Akin
Published: March 2021

This report on the broadcast media in Nigeria finds that liberalisation efforts in the broadcasting sector have only been partially achieved. More than a decade after military rule, the nation still has not managed to enact media legislation that is in line with continental standards, particularly the Declaration on Freedom of Expression in Africa. The report, part of an 11-country survey of broadcast media in Africa, strongly recommends the transformation of the two state broadcasters into a genuine public broadcaster as an independent legal entity with editorial independence and strong safeguards against any interference from the federal government, state governments and other interests.
The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment of Pakistani University Librarians
Authors: Khan Asad , Masrek Mohamad Noorman , Nadzar Fuziah Mohd
Published: March 2021

Despite the growing literature advocating the significance and importance of emotional intelligence, empirical studies on the topic about Pakistani university librarians are unavailable. Drawing upon this gap, the article reports the findings of a study investigating emotional intelligence and organizational commitment among Pakistani university librarians. It used survey research method involving 225 randomly selected librarians from a population of 670 university librarians in Pakistan. The survey response rate was 82%. The results suggest that three dimensions of emotional intelligence, namely self-assessment, optimism and service orientation significantly predict organizational commitment. However, teamwork and collaboration, despite being correlated significantly with organizational commitment, was not a predictor of organizational commitment among Pakistani university librarians. The findings showed the importance and contributions of emotional intelligence towards organizational commitment.
Job Satisfaction Among LIS Professionals of Universities in the Punjab Province
Authors: Fatima Hafiza Zaheer , Bhatti Rubina
Published: March 2021

Job satisfaction is one of the most important factors for establishing a healthy structure and environment in an organization. Job satisfaction among employees has been a significant issue for researchers throughout the world. In Pakistan, it is an emerging area. The present study aimed to understand the job satisfaction of LIS professionals through six major factors of job satisfaction, i.e.: Salary, Promotion, Management Policy/Facilities, Working Conditions, Leadership/Supervision and Social Relations. A survey questionnaire (pilot-tested) was used for data collection. Total 90 questionnaires were distributed among LIS professionals in 33 university libraries of the Punjab province (both public & private sectors). The study revealed that LIS professionals working in both public and private sectors’ university libraries were generally satisfied with many aspects of their jobs. The professionals from private sector were less satisfied with their salary packages, job security, rewards, working environment and leaves, and medical facilities as compare to public sector professionals. It is concluded that university administration of both the sectors need to improve the level of job satisfaction of LIS professionals by providing adequate benefits and facilities. The findings will be helpful for concerned authorities and university and library management in reorganizing job structure and policies for LIS professionals in Pakistan.
Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Research and Development: A Case of University of the Punjab-Pakistan
Authors: Warriach Nosheen Fatima , Tahira Muzamil
Published: March 2021

This study explores the research trends at Pakistani universities by highlighting the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the research process and its productivity. It also investigates the impact of Higher Education Commission (HEC) initiatives for research output in Pakistani universities in general and PU, in particular. It explores the essential ICT skills to increase research productivity as perceived by researchers from the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences through structured interviews. An analysis of HEC of Pakistan and PU websites is carried out. The statistics of these websites shows that there is an increase in the number of research articles and PhDs produced every year. Data show that the respondents are not fully utilizing the pricey electronic sources provided by the HEC, yet there is a yearly increase in a number of PhDs produced and published research. The relative growth rate of research productivity and doubling time were not constant. It is also observed that doubling time has increased while the relative growth rate is going to decrease.
Cardiovascular rehabilitation in Romania
Authors: Mitu Magda , Suceveanu Mihaela , Mitu Florin
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is part of cardiovascular prevention and the objectives are the improvement of functional capacity, control of cardiovascular risk factors, adoption of a healthy lifestyle, education and adherence to the recommended therapies, aiming the reduction of the risk of adverse events, disability, cardiovascular mortality and the increase in quality of life. In Romania, CR is delivered only in a in hospital basis, at 2nd phase of rehabilitation in patients, in five dedicated centers that have the necessary equipment and a multidisciplinary team, but an insufficient number of beds compared to a great number of patients with an indication for rehabilitation. Issues related to addressability, adherence, incomplete legislation regarding ambulatory rehabilitation, and lack of recognition of CR as a part of cardiology or internal medicine are still unsolved.
International Sustainability Stories: Enhancing Good Practices
Authors: Velázquez Contreras Luis Eduardo , Munguía Vega Nora Elba , Esquer Peralta Javier , Zepeda Quintana David Slim , Baas Leenard , Moure-Eraso Rafael , Bello Anila , Bello Dhimiter , McCarthy Alicia , Roosevelt Agostinho Feni Dalano , Vilas Boas Almeida Cecilia Maria , Faro José Fernando , Giannetti Biagio Fernando , Sevegnani Fabio , Platje Johaness , Schuette Tino , Rieckmann Marco , Will Markus , Remmen Arne
Published: March 2021

International Sustainability Stories: Enhancing Good Practices
Uso de una hoja de signos como “memoria externa” en clases de Álgebra y Geometría Analítica
Authors: D’Andrea Leonardo Javier
Published: March 2021

En línea con lo que plantea el Consejo Federal de Decanos de Ingeniería (CONFEDI) acerca de la enseñanza centrada en el desarrollo de competencias, se propone reflexionar acerca de los alcances y limitaciones de una experiencia compartida entre docentes y estudiantes en la elaboración y la implementación de una hoja de fórmulas como “memoria externa” en las clases de Álgebra y Geometría Analítica de la Facultad Regional Avellaneda, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina.

Posteriormente, posicionados en una concepción dialéctica entre enseñanza y aprendizaje como labor conjunta, inmersos en una práctica reflexiva y centrados en las competencias de egreso definidas por el CONFEDI para las diferentes Ingenierías; se describen los resultados obtenidos a partir de un análisis objetivo y subjetivo del diseño y uso del artefacto semiótico, y se mencionan acciones para mejorar la propuesta.
Servicing the Confederation: editorials of El Nacional Argentino newspaper from Paraná, during 1854
Authors: Schenfeld María Julieta
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the editorial position of El Nacional Argentino newspaper from Paraná, Entre Ríos in relation to the economic policy of the confederated provinces in the complex juncture of an Argentina divided into two States: Argentine Confederation and State of Buenos Aires. The aforementioned journalist entity, during 1854, undertook the task of making the benefits of Plan Fragueiro, the realities of the provinces and the mining, craft and commercial wealth of the Confederation known, with the aim of attracting people and capitals that ensure the grown of the financial resources which allowed paying the public expenditures.

 In relation to the value and conception of a newspaper, a perspective that goes beyond its nature of source that provides irreplaceable scientific information is assumed, especially for Social Sciences and Arts. Indeed, it is considered a political actor, a subject inside the public sphere of the Confederation and, particularly, of Paraná.
El modelo social de discapacidad en el nivel universitario: supuestos, implicancias, avances y desafíos
Authors: Luzuriaga Mariana
Published: March 2021

En las últimas décadas el Modelo Social de discapacidad cobró relevancia en la orientación de políticas de inclusión educativa en el nivel universitario argentino. Bajo el supuesto de que las causas de la discapacidad son fundamentalmente sociales, pone el foco en las acciones necesarias para superar las barreras que obturan garantizar el derecho a la educación de las personas discapacitadas “en igualdad de condiciones” que las demás. Pero la significación de esta proclama, cuya concreción está lejos de ser alcanzada, exige analizar detenidamente sus supuestos e implicancias desde una perspectiva filosófico-política. Entendiendo que la discapacidad constituye una “comunidad bivalente” (Fraser, 2000), en el presente trabajo argumentaremos que solo en la medida en que se traduzca en políticas que se sustenten mancomunadamente en la redistribución y el reconocimiento el Modelo Social presenta una orientación fértil para la justicia educativa. Para ello se examinará la naturaleza de los factores de exclusión históricamente heredados y de algunas políticas implementadas en respuesta a nivel institucional, tomando como ejes de análisis la “accesibilidad formal”, la “accesibilidad académica” y la “accesibilidad psico-socio-cultural”. Concluimos señalando algunos desafíos pendientes y posibles implicancias de trabajos como este.
Líneas de acción para el diseño de herramientas de política pública contra la creciente demanda de energía para el enfriamiento de espacios en edificios
Authors: Darhanpé Hernán Baulo
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo aborda la problemática derivada del incremento en la demanda de energía para enfriamiento de espacios en edificios, tendencia que se verifica a escala mundial. La ciudad de Buenos Aires y sus alrededores densamente poblados (AMBA) no escapan a los impactos negativos de esta tendencia, que se desplaza dentro de un círculo vicioso de demanda energética de una matriz mayormente dependiente de fuentes fósiles, por un lado, y eventos cada vez más frecuentes de calor extremo, por el otro. Ante esta problemática, que se da en el marco de complejos cambios en las pautas de consumo y producción a nivel global, este artículo propone lineamientos de acción para abordar de un modo sistémico los impactos ambientales derivados del creciente uso de energía en edificios: posibles intervenciones sobre el mercado de sistemas activos para acondicionamiento térmico; metodologías que permitan actuar en términos normativos sobre aspectos pasivos de las edificaciones; y la transición hacia una mayor incorporación de fuentes energéticas renovables.
Role of Museums in Education
Authors: . Jahangeer , K Abduraheem , Ansari Mohammad Nooruddin
Published: March 2021

Museums play very important role in the education, because every museum contains the collection in the form of tangible and intangible heritage. If we talk about tangible heritage then we can include coins, pottery, metal, wooden material etc. and in intangible heritage we can consider craftsmanship, skill demonstration, folk theatre etc., but museums not only preserve the cultural objects but also exhibit to them and museums provide the facilities to the students, and researcher so that these user can use the museum's collection for education purpose. If we teach to the student through object then student can understand easily and he can perceive the concept of object therefore we should visit the museum to students or researchers so that they can research on the original object and there are many more methods of education which can be adopted by the museum for providing the learning opportunities to user. In this paper we will describe some tools and techniques used in the museum that help in giving education.
Analysis of European land transport network, MEGAs and socio-economic setting through Territorial Frames model
Authors: Di Ludovico Donato
Published: March 2021

The paper illustrates an innovative method, Territorial Frames (TFs) model based, to analyse in the European context the relation among the spatial distribution of the main urban and productive agglomerations (MEGA), the territorial socio-economic setting and the endowment and performance features of the land transport network. The proposed model allows the spatial context to be divided into a multi-scalar sum of TFs, conceived and designed as parts of the territory, with homogeneous spatial and socio-economic characteristics, delimited by multimodal transportation corridors. The assumptions for model construction is illustrated and the final European TFs (ETFs) spatial outline is proposed. In addition, through the introduction of appropriate indices, for each ETF several analyses of correlation between the socio-economic and transport network endowment/features aspects have been carried out. The results, illustrated and discussed both in numerical and spatial terms, show a close correlation between the above aspects.
Review of the Adequacy of the Fund’s Precautionary Balances
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Published: March 2021

On October 30, 2020, the IMF’s Executive Board reviewed the adequacy of the Fund’s precautionary balances. Precautionary balances, comprising the Fund’s general and special reserves and the Special Contingent Account (SCA-1), are one element of the IMF’s multi-layered framework for managing financial risks. These balances provide a buffer to protect the Fund against potential losses, resulting from credit, income, and other financial risks. This review of the adequacy of the Fund’s precautionary balances took place on the standard two-year cycle, although it was delayed by a few months to allow for an assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Fund financial risks. In conducting the review, the Executive Board applied the rules-based framework agreed in 2010.
Experience of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Pharmacy Students in the University of Kerbala
Authors: Sahib Ahmed , Abbas Saif , Hasson Karar , Mahmoud Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. Antibiotics dispensing without prescription, misuse of antibiotics are considered as a major cause of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance causes extra health care cost and leads to loss of productivity; also patients with resistant infections are more expensive and difficult to treat. Many strategies and steps can be taken at all levels of society to reduce the impact and limit the spread of resistance. The pharmacist has effective role in averting antibiotic resistance. Methodology: A questioner form was designed to assess student’s knowledge, attitude and perception about antibiotic use and resistance, 146 pharmacy students from the fourth stage and fifth stage in the University of Kerbala, were selected randomly. Result: A total number of 146 students, (70 from the fourth stage and 76 from the fifth stage) were participated in this study of both sexes (30 male: 116 female). About 82% of students understand what the antibiotic resistance term mean. 87% of students knew that antibiotics shouldn’t be used for common cold. 84% of students did not stop taking antibiotics until taken all of the antibiotics as directed. 34% of students usually consult a doctor before starting an antibiotic. Less than 23% of students did not stop taking antibiotic when any side effect appears. Conclusion: Based on results obtained in this study that done in Kerbala University / College of Pharmacy it has been concluded that students were of high level in knowledge and perception about antibiotics use and resistance, but the students were of lower level in attitudes, lower percent of student have good attitude toward antibiotics use.
Effect of Copper Chemical Form on The Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burned Patients and on Its Cu Uptake
Authors: Al Tarawneh Amjad , Qaralleh Haitham , Al-limoun Muhamad , Khleifat Khaled
Published: March 2021

The main object of this investigation was to shed light on the information on the level of Cu uptake by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has been previously isolated from patients using Gram-negative E. aerogenes ans a Gram-positive Bacillus thuringiensis as a control for Cu uptake measurements. Cu uptake data showed that maximum Cu uptake was obtained by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The metal uptake was dependent on the type of biosorbent with different accumulation affinities toward the tested chemical form of the copper. Cells harvested at exponential growth phase showed slightly higher Cu uptake than at stationary phase, which reflect that the Cu uptake is metabolism dependent-process. The increasing order of affinity of the cupric chloride and cupric sulphate towards the three genera were almost constant. However, where cupric nitrate was used, the copper uptake behavior in Pseudomonas aeroginosa was not changed from those results with the other two chemical forms, whereas with E.  aerogenes & B. thuringiensis, different Cu uptake behaviors were observed. In B. thuengenesis, the copper uptake rate as a function of initial Cu concentration were shown to increase with increasing the initial concentration of Cu, constantly above 320 ppm as compared with others. In Enterobacter with cupric nitrate, different bahavior was also shown in which the copper uptake decline sharply beyond the 320 ppm. These results reflect that the Cu uptake in P. aeruginosa is with different mechanisms as compared with other tested bacteria
3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid biodegradation by the Edwardsiella tarda: Effect of Some Growth Conditions
Authors: Alqudah Ali , Jaa`freh Waleed
Published: March 2021

The biodegradation of 3,4-DiChlorobenzoic acid was investigated by using Edwardsiella tarda and it used 3,4-DCBA as sole carbon and energy source. Several concentrations of 3,4-D CBAs (1mM, 2mM ,3mM ,4mM and 5mM) were used. The highest rate of degradation of 3,4-D CBAs was obtained at a concentration (2mM). The experiments were included substrate concentration, temperature, pH, starvation, adaptation, carbon and nitrogen sources. The degradation ability was monitored through the release of chloride disappearance of the substrate and finally the growth of bacterial cells on that substrate. The optimal temperature and pH for the bacteria were 42ºC and 7.5, respectively. Adaptation of the cells on 3,4-DCBA for 48 hours and cells starvation for 24 hours and 48 hours increasing the initial degradation rate. The carbon sources affected the 3,4 –DCBA degradation differently from that on chloride and cell mass production. Nitrogen sources supplied (yeast extract, L-proline, casein, NH4, K-Nitrate, arginine, urea and glycine). Urea and casine caused a repression in 3,4-DCBA degradation. Catechol 1,2 dioxygenase activity was found to be present in cell free extracts suggesting that 3,4-DCBA is catabolized by ortho-ring cleavage pathway.
Impact of Covid-19 on Ginger Export, a Root Crop as Traditional Remedy for Covid-19
Authors: Ayipey Patricia
Published: March 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) since its foundation in 1946 has worked for the improvement of global health and the fight against infectious diseases by bringing out preventive measures to curb the spread of viruses whiles working on approved medicines and vaccines to help heal infected people. The novel Covid-19 pandemic has currently affected almost every country in the world, and it has greatly caused an effect on the global economy at large. Whiles the World Health Organization is bringing out the specific initiative to address this targeted global health problem, many individuals are also relying on traditional methods to immune their systems as well as protect themselves from contracting the Covid-19 virus. Although, the WHO has declared that these traditional remedies are not certified and approved by the organization, the uncertainties and spontaneous reaction of people not to become victims of the Covid-19 virus employs these traditional remedies, although they are not certain about its effectiveness. This study explores the increase demands for ginger as a root crop to help boost the immunity of the body against the Covid-19 virus, as well as reveal the impact of the Covid-19 on the global economic export of ginger in the global market. The increase in the prices and demand of ginger in some countries in the world can fundamentally be credited to two fundamental factors. The first being the effect of the novel Covid-19 pandemic on international ginger trade, whereby there was an increase in the logistics costs since most borders and countries were under lockdown, and workers were self-isolating themselves from contracting the virus which in the long term resulted to the limited supply of goods for export. The second factor is attributed to the hearsay and tittle-tattle in some countries that ginger can be used as a therapeutic for the novel Covid-19 virus. This article has revealed that the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the export of ginger from China. China which happens to the largest international export country to export ginger globally experienced a decrease in the quantity of ginger exportation during the first quarter of 2020. However, the inability of China to export enough ginger has paved way for other countries such as Peru, Indonesia and Germany, Spain, and Turkey to increase in the export of their ginger to other countries. The increase in demand of ginger in this Covid-19 season is attributed to the ideology of consuming such root crop to boost the immune system of people. This paper argues that irrespective of the WHO unapproved use of ginger as a traditional remedy to cure the virus, people are still using this indigenous skill of herbal healing to boost their immune system. This provides reassurance and safety to people’s health. This assurance of the benefits derived from ginger consumption has led to an increase in demand for it, which has also increased in the global economic impact on ginger export.
The Powerful Healing Effect of Traditional Medicine for The Treatment of Certain Chronic Diseases: One of The Means To Better Defeat Covid-19
Authors: Rahal-Bouziane Hafida
Published: March 2021

Health is one of the greatest blessings a person can have, and it is priceless. Traditional medicine has always been and remains an important practice for human health. In all regions of the world, popular knowledge has acquired its own experiences in traditional medicine which are passed on from generation to generation and which have generated wonders in terms of innovation of effective traditional remedies which bear the fruit of the healing. After the release of the novel Covid-19 virus, several research studies have focused on the study of medicinal plants that fall under traditional Chinese or Indian medicine or others around the world, to try to put in place remedies against this virus. Chronic Diseases kill millions of people around the world every year. These diseases cause a weakening of the immune system in people who have them. As a result, health experts have classified those affected by these diseases as being among the most at risk in the event of contracting Covid-19. It is therefore obvious that preventing and combating chronic diseases helps to better cope with this Virus or others that may arise in the future. In this humble work, we have tried to make a small contribution that could help fight Covid-19. In the light of actual practices supported by bibliographic research, we try to recall some orientations of natural treatments against certain widespread chronic diseases namely: type 2 diabetes; arthritis and weak immune system (particular case of a low white blood cell count). The results of these treatments are very promising for healing and recovery; which opens doors of hope for those who are affected. Moreover, this subject deserves serious investigations through Research for a better consolidation of these therapies.
Health insurance policies for magnetic resonance imaging tests in Korea
Authors: Shin Dong Ah
Published: March 2021

On August 9, 2017, the government announced a policy to strengthen health insurance coverage. The main goal is to increase the health insurance coverage rate and lower the national medical expense burden by an average of 18% by 2022. This policy was proposed without consulting doctors, a major medical care provider, and raised the impression of populism. It is a concern that this policy may place an additional financial burden on the medical clinics, which are already suffering due to poor financial circumstances. Although the policy is already in progress, it is necessary to carefully review whether the government and the medical community can afford it in terms of the national healthcare financial burden and the implementation possibility of this policy. There is no disagreement on the efficient supply of qualified medical care. However, it must be a sustainable system in Korea. Simply increasing the coverage rate does not increase the quality of healthcare. This study aims to analyze the government's health insurance policy for magnetic resonance imaging tests and suggest proper countermeasures.
Conservative treatment of senile spinal diseases: drug therapy and nerve block
Authors: Hur Junseok W
Published: March 2021

As we get closer to super-aged society, the prevalence of senile spinal diseases is constantly increasing and the burden on individuals and society grows high. Senile spinal disease is basically degenerative in nature. Pain and physical dysfunction occur due to various complex pathologic causes. For the diagnosis and treatment of such complex diseases, it is essential to understand common senile spinal diseases such as intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Degenerative changes in intervertebral discs are caused by a combination of aging and excessive physical load, which results in structural damages and molecular biological changes in the intervertebral discs. Spinal stenosis is a disease in which nerves and blood vessels are compressed by hypertrophied ligamentum flavum, bulged disc, and a hypertrophied facet. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, which is the most important etiology in spinal stenosis, occurs due to mechanical stress and a cascade of inflammation and fibrosis reactions. Drug therapy targeting these pathologic mechanisms includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and agents that improve blood circulation. Nerve blocks, which prevent these pathophysiologic conditions, are also a good treatment modality. Typical nerve block techniques include medial nerve block and epidural block. It is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of senile spinal diseases and establish an appropriate treatment strategy that suit the patient's condition.
The Importance of Strategic Agility to Business Survival During Corona Crisis and Beyond
Authors: Elali Wajeeh
Published: March 2021

Strategic Agility is seen by many researchers and analysts as an innovative newly developed management paradigm adopted by contemporary organizations to achieve distinction and outperform competitors under conditions of environmental instability and uncertainty. This article is an attempt to introduce the concept of Strategic Agility and to demonstrate its basic characteristics and the importance of adopting it by various organizations to achieve excellence and sustainability. In a competitive environment, characterized by acute turbulence and continual shocks, as in the current environment of COVID-19, strategic agility offers a viable means to harness non-linear scientific and technological breakthroughs with a view to profiting from both the dislocation in the consumer sentiment and behavior and the breakdown in supply chains. Moreover, the article highlights the interaction between strategic agility and firm performance and emphasizes the need to create agile organizations that will thrive in a volatile and uncertain world.
The spatiotemporal relationship between PM2.5 and AOD in China: Influencing factors and Implications for satellite PM2.5 estimations
by MAIAC AOD
Authors: He Qingqing , Wang Mengya , Yim Steve Hung Lam
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Satellite aerosol retrievals have been a popular alternative to monitoring surface PM2.5 concentration due to its extensive spatial and temporal coverage. Satellite-derived PM2.5 estimation strongly relies on an accurate representation of the relationship between ground PM2.5 and satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD). Due to the limitation of satellite AOD data, most studies examined the relationship at a coarse-resolution (i.e., ≥ 10 km) scale; more effort is still needed to better understand the relationship between in-situ PM2.5 and AOD at finer spatial scales. While PM2.5 and AOD could have obvious temporal variations, few studies have examined the diurnal variation in their relationship. Considerable uncertainty therefore still exists in satellite-derived PM2.5 estimation due to these research gaps. Taking advantage of the newly released fine-spatial-resolution satellite AOD data derived by the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm and real-time ground aerosol and PM2.5 measurements, this study explicitly explored the relationship between PM2.5 and AOD and its plausible impact factors including meteorological parameters and topography in mainland China during 2019, at various spatial and temporal scales. Coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient and slope of linear regression model were used. Spatially, stronger correlations mainly occurred in northern and eastern China and linear slope in northern inland regions was on average larger than those in other areas. Temporally, the PM2.5-AOD correlation peaked in the noon and afternoon and reached the maximum in winter. Simultaneously considering relative humidity (RH) and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) in the relationship can improve the correlation but the effect of RH and PBLH on the correlation varied spatially and temporally, both in strength and direction. In addition, the largest correlation occurred at 400–600 m primarily in basin terrain such as Sichuan Basin, Shanxi-Shaanxi Basins and Junggar Basin. MAIAC 1-km AOD can better represent the ground-level fine particulate matter in most domains with exceptions such as in very high terrain i.e. Tibetan Plateau and north-central China i.e. Qinghai and Gansu. Findings in this study have useful implications for satellite-based PM2.5 monitoring and will further inform the understanding of the aerosol variation and PM2.5 pollution status in mainland China.
Can a regional-scale reduction of atmospheric CO2 during the COVID-19 pandemic be detected from space? A case study for East China using satellite XCO2 retrievals
Authors: Buchwitz Michael , Reuter Maximilian , Noël Stefan , Bramstedt Klaus , Schneising Oliver , Hilker Michael , Fuentes Andrade Blanca , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P. , Di Noia Antonio , Boesch Hartmut , Wu Lianghai , Landgraf Jochen , Aben Ilse , Retscher Christian , O'Dell Christopher W. , Crisp David
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced anthropogenic
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during 2020 in large parts of the world.
To investigate whether a regional-scale reduction of anthropogenic CO2
emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic can be detected using space-based
observations of atmospheric CO2, we have analysed a small ensemble of
OCO-2 and GOSAT satellite retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole
fractions of CO2, i.e. XCO2. We focus on East China and use a
simple data-driven analysis method. We present estimates of the relative
change of East China monthly emissions in 2020 relative to previous periods,
limiting the analysis to October-to-May periods to minimize the impact of
biogenic CO2 fluxes. The ensemble mean indicates an emission reduction
by approximately 10 % ± 10 % in March and April 2020. However, our
results show considerable month-to-month variability and significant
differences across the ensemble of satellite data products analysed. For
example, OCO-2 suggests a much smaller reduction (∼ 1 %–2 % ± 2 %). This indicates that it is challenging to reliably detect and
to accurately quantify the emission reduction with current satellite data
sets. There are several reasons for this, including the sparseness of the
satellite data but also the weak signal; the expected regional XCO2
reduction is only on the order of 0.1–0.2 ppm. Inferring COVID-19-related
information on regional-scale CO2 emissions using current satellite
XCO2 retrievals likely requires, if at all possible, a more
sophisticated analysis method including detailed transport modelling and
considering a priori information on anthropogenic and natural CO2 surface
fluxes.
LamaH | Large-Sample Data for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe
Authors: Klingler Christoph , Schulz Karsten , Herrnegger Mathew
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Very large and comprehensive datasets are increasingly used in the field of hydrology. Large-sample studies provide insights into the hydrological cycle that might not be available with small-scale studies. LamaH (Large-Sample Data for Hydrology) is a new dataset for large-sample studies and comparative hydrology in Central Europe. It covers the entire upper Danube to the state border Austria/Slovakia, as well as all other Austrian catchments including their foreign upstream areas. LamaH covers an area of 170 000 km2 in 9 different countries, ranging from lowland regions characterized by a continental climate to high alpine zones dominated by snow and ice. Consequently, a wide diversity of properties is present in the individual catchments. We represent this variability in 859 observed catchments with over 60 catchment attributes, covering topography, climatology, hydrology, land cover, vegetation, soil and geological properties. LamaH further contains a collection of runoff time series as well as meteorological time series. These time series are provided with daily and also hourly resolution. All meteorological and the majority of runoff time series cover a span of over 35 years, which enables long-term analyses, also with a high temporal resolution. The runoff time series are classified by over 20 different attributes including information about human impacts and indicators for data quality and completeness. The structure of LamaH is based on the well-known CAMELS datasets. In contrast, however, LamaH does not only consider headwater basins. Intermediate catchments are also covered, allowing, for the first time within a hydrological large sample dataset, to consider the hydrological network and river topology in applications. We discuss not only the data basis and the methodology of data preparation, but also focus on possible limitations and uncertainties. Potential applications of LamaH are also outlined, since it is intended to serve as a uniform basis for further research. LamaH is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525244 (Klingler et al., 2021).
Method for fast determination of the angle of ionizing radiation incidence from data measured by a Timepix3 detector
Authors: Lehner Felix , Roth Jürgen , Hupe Oliver , Kassubeck Marc , Bergmann Benedikt , Mánek Petr , Magnor Marcus
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a method of how to determine spatial angles of ionizing radiation incidence quickly, using a Timepix3 detector. This work focuses on the dosimetric applications where detectors and measured quantities show significant angle dependencies. A determined angle of incidence can be used to correct for the angle dependence of a planar Timepix3 detector. Up until now, only passive dosemeters have been able to provide a correct dose and preserve the corresponding incidence angle of the radiation. Unfortunately, passive dosemeters cannot provide this information in “real” time. In our special setup we were able to retrieve the spatial angles with a runtime of less than 600 ms. Employing the new Timepix3 detector enables the use of effective data analysis where the direction of incident radiation is computed from a simple photon event map. In order to obtain this angle, we combine the information extracted from the map with known 3D geometry surrounding the detector. Moreover, we analyze the computation time behavior, conditions and optimizations of the developed spatial angle calculation algorithm.
DebrisFlow Predictor: an agent-based runout program for shallow landslides
Authors: Guthrie Richard , Befus Andrew
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Credible models of landslide runout are a critical component of hazard and risk analysis in the mountainous regions worldwide. Hazard analysis benefits enormously from the number of available landslide runout models that can recreate events and provide key insights into the nature of landsliding phenomena. Regional models that are easily employed, however, remain a rarity. For debris flows and debris avalanches, where the impacts may occur some distance from the source, there remains a need for a practical, predictive model that can be applied at the regional scale. We present, herein, an agent-based simulation for debris flows and debris avalanches called DebrisFlow Predictor. A fully predictive model, DebrisFlow Predictor employs autonomous subroutines, or agents, that act on an underlying digital elevation model (DEM) using a set of probabilistic rules for scour, deposition, path selection, and spreading behavior. Relying on observations of aggregate debris flow behavior, DebrisFlow Predictor predicts landslide runout, area, volume, and depth along the landslide path. The results can be analyzed within the program or exported in a variety of useful formats for further analysis. A key feature of DebrisFlow Predictor is that it requires minimal input data, relying primarily on a 5 m DEM and user-defined initiation zones, and yet appears to produce realistic results. We demonstrate the applicability of DebrisFlow Predictor using two very different case studies from distinct geologic, geomorphic, and climatic settings. The first case study considers sediment production from the steep slopes of Papua, the island province of Indonesia; the second considers landslide runout as it affects a community on Vancouver Island off the west coast of Canada. We show how DebrisFlow Predictor works, how it performs compared to real world examples, what kinds of problems it can solve, and how the outputs compare to historical studies. Finally, we discuss its limitations and its intended use as a predictive regional landslide runout tool. DebrisFlow Predictor is freely available for non-commercial use.