bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the competitive advantage of a native plant relative to a congeneric invasive plant in growth and nutrition
Authors: Shen Kaiping , He Yuejun , Xia Tingting , Guo Yun , Wu Bangli , Han Xu , Chen Hongchun , Zhao Yan , Wu Pan , Liu Yuan
Published: May 2024

Plant invasions severely threaten natural ecosystems, and invasive plants often outcompete native plants across various ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, serving as beneficial microorganisms for host plants, can greatly influence the competitive outcomes of invasive plants against native plants. However, it remains unclear how AM fungi alter the competitive balance between native and invasive species. A competitive experiment was conducted using an invasive Eupatorium adenophorum paired with a native congener Eupatorium lindleyanum. Specifically, both species were inoculated with (M+) or without (M−) the fungus Glomus etunicatum under intraspecific (Intra‐) and interspecific (Inter‐) competition. Plant traits were measured and analyzed regarding the growth and nutrition of both species. The results exhibited that the AM fungus significantly increased the height, diameter, biomass, C, N, and P acquisition of both the invasive E. adenophorum and the native E. lindleyanum. The root mycorrhizal colonization and the mycorrhizal dependency of native E. lindleyanum were greater than those of invasive E. adenophorum. Under M+, the Inter‐competition inhibited the growth and nutrition of invasive E. adenophorum compared to the Intra‐ competition. Further, native E. lindleyanum exhibited higher competitiveness than invasive E. adenophorum in growth and nutrition. Meanwhile, the AM fungus significantly improved the competitiveness of native E. lindleyanum over invasive E. adenophorum. In conclusion, AM fungus improved the competitive advantage of native E. lindleyanum over invasive E. adenophorum in growth and nutrition, potentially contributing to native species competitively resisting the invasion of exotic species. These findings emphasize the importance of AM fungi in helping native plants resist the invasion of exotic plants and further contribute to understanding plant invasion prevention mechanisms.
2‐ and 3‐Fluorocyclobutane Building Blocks for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Malashchuk Andrii , Demchuk Oleksandr P. , Razhyk Bohdan V. , Holumbievskyi Vitalii O. , Kudryk Oleksandr V. , Chernykh Anton V. , Hryshchuk Oleksandr V. , Sosunovych Bohdan S. , Volochnyuk Dmytro M. , Vashchenko Bohdan V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: May 2024

Multigram synthesis of 3‐fluorinated cyclobutane building blocks has been disclosed. The proposed synthetic schemes were based on nucleophilic fluorination and eventually led to 3‐fluorocyclocutanecarboxylic acid as a key target compound and intermediate. Further functional group transformations provided monofluorinated cyclobutane‐derived alcohols, amines, bromides, thiols, sulfonyl chlorides, etc. Furthermore, the synthesis of diastereopure cis‐ and trans‐isomeric 2‐ and 3‐fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acids and amines was also performed. In both cases, diastereomer separation was used to obtain pure stereoisomers. The effect of the fluorine position and relative spatial orientation on the physicochemical properties of the corresponding monoflurinated derivatives was studied by measurements of pKa and logP values.
Characterization of the transcriptional effects of the plastic additive dibutyl phthalate alone and in combination with microplastic on the green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus
Authors: Baettig Camille G. , Laroche Olivier , Ockenden Amy , Smith Kirsty F. , Lear Gavin , Tremblay Louis A.
Published: May 2024

The presence and persistence of microplastics (MPs) in diverse aquatic environments are of global concern. Microplastics can impact marine organisms via direct physical interaction and the release of potentially harmful chemical additives incorporated into the plastic. These chemicals are physically bound to the plastic matrix and can leach out. The hazards associated with chemical additives to exposed organisms is not well characterized. We investigated the hazards of plastic additives leaching from plastic. We used the common plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a chemical additive proxy and the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) as a model. We used early-adult P. canaliculus exposed to combinations of virgin and DBP-spiked polyvinyl chloride (PVC), MPs, and DBP alone for 7 days. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to assess whether leaching of DBP from MPs poses a hazard. The differences between groups were evaluated using pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and all treatments were significantly different from controls. In addition, a significant difference was seen between DBP and PVC MP treatment. Transcriptome analysis revealed that mussels exposed to DBP alone had the most differentially expressed genes (914), followed by PVC MP + DBP (448), and PVC MP (250). Gene ontology functional analysis revealed that the most enriched pathway types were in cellular metabolism, immune response, and endocrine disruption. Microplastic treatments enriched numerous pathways related to cellular metabolism and immune response. The combined exposure of PVC MP + DBP appears to cause combined effects, suggesting that DBP is bioavailable to the exposed mussels in the PVC MP + DBP treatment. Our results support the hypothesis that chemical additives are potentially an important driver of MP toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1604–1614. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Synergies of storing hydrogen at the crest of CO2${\rm CO}_{2}$ or other gas storage
Authors: Rhouma Sabrine Ben , Chabab Salaheddine , Broseta Daniel
Published: May 2024

There are mutual benefits in storing in sedimentary reservoirs jointly with another gas serving as a cushion gas, such as the of a carbon capture and storage (CCS) operation or the natural gas of seasonal storage or left in a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir. When occupies the crest of the reservoir, the presence of either gas is beneficial to the other. reinforces the sealing efficiency of the caprock due to its very favorable interfacial properties with respect to brine and rock‐forming minerals. storage safety and capacity are also increased with cushion gases such as , which alleviate the buoyancy pressure at the top of the gas column. The potential drawback of this storage scheme is gas/gas mixing, which can, however, be strongly reduced if, by an appropriate choice of well completion and placement, is positioned in the upper zones of the reservoir, and its injection rate is kept below a critical value corresponding to the incipient fingering instability of the gas mixing zone. This value, which depends on reservoir permeability, the dip angle of the mixing front, and how density varies with viscosity in the mixing front, turns out to be well above practical injection rates. Therefore, dispersive mixing is the only cause of front spreading, which is acceptable for not‐too‐heterogeneous reservoirs. The mutual benefits identified in this study are the strongest when the cushion is made up of dense , which suggests that the crest of offshore storage reservoirs is a good candidate for  storage. © 2024 The Authors.Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technologypublished by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Outcomes of internal mammary artery perforator flap in head and neck reconstruction: A systematic review
Authors: Vasudevan Srivatsa Surya , Rogers Brianna , Adilbay Dauren , Olinde Lindsay , Pang John , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. , Asarkar Ameya A.
Published: May 2024

This study aims to evaluate the functional and prognostic outcomes associated with the internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap in various head and neck defect repairs, given the current lack of clarity on its effectiveness. We performed a systematic review of various databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect using keywords such as “Internal mammary artery perforator flap” and “IMAP.” Screening and data extractions were performed by two individual reviewers. Articles were considered eligible if they included sufficient information on IMAP flap features, their applications in the head and neck, and outcomes. From 264 articles analyzed, 24 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Out of which, 125 patients who received internal mammary artery perforator flaps were included. Most of the patients, 103 (88%), received pedicled IMAP flaps, and 22 (12%) received IMAP free flaps. The second internal mammary artery (IMA) was favored as the single perforator (81.5%), with the combination of the first and second IMA being the primary choice for dual perforators (92.5%). IMAP flaps were predominantly single perforator flaps (65%), with 35% being dual perforator flaps. Among various applications, IMAP flaps are commonly employed in the reconstruction of neck defects (25.5%), pharyngocutaneous fistula repair (20.8%), and burn scar contracture restoration (8%). Only seven (5.6%) patients had flap complications, including venous congestion (1.6%), partial necrosis (1.6%), complete necrosis (1.6%), and incision dehiscence (0.8%). Donor sites were predominantly closed by the primary closure (92%). 3.2% of donor sites had minor complications. The average follow‐up was 12.6 (IQR: 6–18) months. This systematic review highlights the effectiveness and safety of IMAP flaps in head and neck reconstruction, with positive outcomes and minimal complications.
An integrated classification of tumor suppressor IKZF1 inactivation and oncogenic activation in Philadelphia chromosome‐like acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Huang Zicong , Zhang Ling , Gong Xiaoyuan , Li Jia , Deng Shiyu , Cai Zihong , Tang Bingqing , Huang Kangyu , Li Xin , Zhao Weihua , Xu Yang , Xuan Li , Liu Qifa , Wang Ying , Chen Suning , Zhou Hongsheng
Published: May 2024

Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is recognized for its genetic and clinical diversity. In this study, we identified a novel high‐risk subset of Ph‐like ALL, characterized by the activation of oncogenic signaling and the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene IKZF1, resulting in a dismal outcome. The association between cytogenetic aberrations and clinical features was assessed on a cohort of 191 patients with Ph‐like ALL. Our findings revealed that patients with inactivation of IKZF1 combined with activation of oncogenic signaling (CRLF2/EPOR/JAK2 rearrangements or p‐CRKL/p‐STAT5 high expression) had the worst outcome (3‐year overall survival [OS] of 28.8% vs. 80.1% for others, p < 0.001; 2‐year event‐free survival [EFS] of 6.5% vs. 57.0% for others, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that this high‐risk feature was an independent inferior prognostic factor (adjusted hazard ratio for OS = 4.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.35–8.81, p < 0.001; adjusted hazard ratio for EFS = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.99–5.39, p < 0.001). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with improved prognoses in patients within the high‐risk subgroup. In conclusion, this study identified a clinically distinct entity that possesses effective prognostic features and provides potential guidance for refining risk stratification in Ph‐like ALL.
Free convective heat transfer induced inside a vented duct having two aligned hot and cold cylinders: An experimental study
Authors: Alomar Omar Rafae , Ali Omar Mohammed , Al‐Omar Shaswar Omar Osman
Published: May 2024

Free convective heat transfer created from two aligned cylinders immersed inside a vented air duct is experimentally investigated. The experiments include the measurements of cylinders temperature and the air temperature inside the enclosure under steady, turbulent, and incompressible flow properties by using steady‐state heat equations. The studied parameters include Rayleigh number (), opening sizes at lower and upper enclosure surfaces (), and space size between cylinders () with the constant ratio of enclosure width to cylinder diameter equal to 6. The findings displayed that the average air temperature inside the enclosure for the low values of S and O is low, and it rises as S is raised. The behaviors of Nu differ with changing Ra values. An interaction between hot cylinder and cold cylinder inside the enclosure is observed that depends on O and S values, and hence, they have a large impact on fluid temperature. The data indicated that rises with the for all and values. The value of for each cylinder depends on the values of and . The maximum value has been obtained when and with maximum enhancement between 30% and 50% depending on Ra values as compared with and , whereas the minimum average has been indicated when and . The profiles of reveal that , , and have a considerable influence on heat transfer.
Seminoma in a 46, XY patient with 17α‐hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Maekawa Ken , Shimizu Yousuke , Hayashi Koken , Hatano Shotaro , Miyauchi Yasuyuki , Sakurai Takaki , Mitsumori Kenji , Onishi Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Introduction

17α‐Hydroxylase deficiency is a very rare disease reported to be associated with a risk of gonadal malignancy. We herein report a rare case of seminoma in a 46, XY patient with 17α‐hydroxylase deficiency.

Case presentation

A 52‐year‐old woman presented with a 9‐cm pelvic tumor. At age 14, she had been identified as having the XY karyotype and 17α‐hydroxylase deficiency. However, she was not informed and did not consult the urology department. Laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed at the latest consultation, and seminoma was diagnosed.

Conclusion

This is the third reported case of testicular tumor and the first of germ cell tumor in a 46, XY patient with 17α‐hydroxylase deficiency. Given the rarity and the risk of gonadal malignancy associated with 17α‐hydroxylase deficiency, the involvement of multidisciplinary specialists and prophylactic gonadectomy is considered crucial in its management.
Longitudinal effects of sexual minority stigma on depressive symptoms among young men who have sex with men: Distinguish between and within person effects
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhai Mengxi , Li Jiayu , Liu Dan , Yuan Liang , Wang Huihao , Yu Bin , Yan Hong
Published: May 2024

Background

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) may experience high levels of sexual minority stigma (SMS) and depressive symptoms (DS) over the world and in China. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the longitudinal effects of SMS on DS of YMSM, especially focusing on YMSM and separating the between‐person and within‐person effects. This study aimed to fill the said gaps.

Methods

Study data were derived from a prospective cohort of 349 YMSM from central China (Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang), the baseline survey was started in 2017 with one follow‐up visit every year. SMS and DS were measured three times using valid and reliable instruments. The cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM) and the random intercept CLPM (RI‐CLPM) were used to examine the between‐person and within‐person concurrent and lagged effects, respectively.

Results

Findings of CLPM revealed bidirectional associations between SMS and DS over time. RI‐CLPM suggested that at the between‐person level, SMS was significantly associated with DS, echoing the results of CLPM. However, this reciprocal relationship has not been found at the within‐person level.

Conclusion

The associations between SMS and DS among YMSM at the population level is more significant than that at the individual level. We suggest that interventions should be against the adverse effects of cultural marginalization and systemic change the social concepts to reduce the amount of SMS in society.
SOAT1 in gallbladder cancer: Clinicopathological significance and avasimibe therapeutics
Authors: Hong Yuqun , Abudukeremu Xiahenazi , She Feifei , Chen Yanling
Published: May 2024

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the differential expression of the sterol O‐acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) protein in gallbladder cancer tissues and cells, investigate the impact of Avastin on the proliferation, migration, invasion capabilities of gallbladder cancer cells, and its potential to induce cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of samples from 145 gallbladder cancer patients was conducted, along with analysis of SOAT1 protein, mRNA expression levels, and cholesterol content in gallbladder cancer cell lines SGC‐996, NOZ, and gallbladder cancer (GBC)‐SD using Western blot and q‐PCR techniques. Furthermore, the effects of Avastin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of these gallbladder cancer cell lines were studied, and its ability to induce cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemical methods. Additionally, gene expression and pathway analysis were performed, and the synergistic therapeutic effects of Avastin combined with gemcitabine were tested in a gallbladder cancer xenograft model. The study found that SOAT1 expression was significantly upregulated in GBC tissues and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Avastin significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of SGC‐996 and GBC‐SD cell lines and induced apoptosis. RNA sequencing analysis revealed multiple differentially expressed genes in cells treated with Avastin, primarily enriched in biological pathways such as signaling transduction, malignant tumors, and the immune system. In vivo, experiments confirmed that Avastin could effectively suppress tumor growth in a gallbladder cancer xenograft model and enhanced the treatment efficacy when used in combination with gemcitabine. Overall, these findings provide new insights and strategies for targeted therapy in gallbladder cancer.
Tumor formation at ileocecal junction associated with interleukin‐1β upregulation in aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐deficient mouse
Authors: Ikuta Togo , Kanda Hiroaki
Published: May 2024

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐dependent transcription factor. We previously reported spontaneous ileocecal tumorigenesis in AhR‐deficient mice after the age of 10 weeks, which originated in the confined area between ileum and cecum. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism that causes tumor development at this particular location. To observe mucosal architecture in detail, tissues of ileocecal region were stained with methylene blue. Gene expression profile in the ileocecal tissue was compared with cecum. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with ileocecal tissues using antibodies against ileum‐specific Reg3β or cecum‐specific Pitx2. In AhR+/+ mice and AhR+/− mice, that do not develop lesions, methylene blue staining revealed the gradually changing shape and arrangement of villi from ileum to cecum. It was also observed in AhR‐deficient mice before developing lesions. Microarray‐based analysis revealed abundant antimicrobial genes, such as Reg3, in the ileocecal tissue while FGFR2 and Pitx2 were specific to cecum. Immunohistochemical analysis of AhR‐deficient mice indicated that lesions originated from the ileocecal junction, a boundary area between different epithelial types. Site‐specific gene expression analysis revealed higher expression of IL‐1β at the ileocecal junction compared with the ileum or cecum of 9–11‐week‐old AhR‐deficient mice. These findings indicate that AhR plays a vital function in the ileocecal junction. Regulating AhR activity can potentially manage the stability of ileocecal tissue possessing cancer‐prone characteristics. This investigation contributes to understanding homeostasis in different epithelial transitional tissues, frequently associated with pathological states.
Multifold 1‐perfect codes
Authors: Krotov Denis S.
Published: May 2024

A multifold 1‐perfect code (1‐perfect code for list decoding) in any graph is a set of vertices such that every vertex of the graph is at distance not more than 1 from exactly elements of . In ‐ary Hamming graphs, where is a prime power, we characterize all parameters of multifold 1‐perfect codes and all parameters of additive multifold 1‐perfect codes. In particular, we show that additive multifold 1‐perfect codes are related to special multiset generalizations of spreads, multispreads, and that multispreads of parameters corresponding to multifold 1‐perfect codes always exist.
Gprc5a is a novel parathyroid hormone‐inducible gene and negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Sampei Chisato , Kato Kosuke , Arasaki Yasuhiro , Kimura Yuta , Konno Takuto , Otsuka Kanon , Kohara Yukihiro , Noda Masaki , Ezura Yoichi , Hayata Tadayoshi
Published: May 2024

Teriparatide is a peptide derived from a parathyroid hormone (PTH) and an osteoporosis therapeutic drug with potent bone formation‐promoting activity. To identify novel druggable genes that act downstream of PTH signaling and are potentially involved in bone formation, we screened PTH target genes in mouse osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells. Here we show that Gprc5a, encoding an orphan G protein‐coupled receptor, is a novel PTH‐inducible gene and negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. PTH treatment induced Gprc5a expression in MC3T3‐E1 cells, rat osteosarcoma ROS17/2.8 cells, and mouse femurs. Induction of Gprc5a expression by PTH occurred in the absence of protein synthesis and was mediated primarily via the cAMP pathway, suggesting that Gprc5a is a direct target of PTH signaling. Interestingly, Gprc5a expression was induced additively by co‐treatment with PTH and 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), or retinoic acid in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Reporter analysis of a 1 kb fragment of human GPRC5A promoter revealed that the promoter fragment showed responsiveness to PTH via the cAMP response element, suggesting that GPRC5A is also a PTH‐inducible gene in humans. Gprc5a knockdown promoted cell viability and proliferation, as demonstrated by MTT and BrdU assays. Gprc5a knockdown also promoted osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by gene expression analysis and mineralization assay. Mechanistic studies showed that Gprc5a interacted with BMPR1A and suppressed BMP signaling induced by BMP‐2 and constitutively active BMP receptors, ALK2 (ACVR1) Q207D and ALK3 (BMPR1A) Q233D. Thus, our results suggest that Gprc5a is a novel gene induced by PTH that acts in an inhibitory manner on both cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation and is a candidate for drug targets for osteoporosis.
Peer evaluation as an alternative assessment method for case presentations: A cross‐sectional study of dental students' perception
Authors: Madi Marwa , Sadaf Shazia , Dawood Zahra Al , Asiri Amal , Farooqi Faraz Ahmed , Abdelsalam Maha , AlHumaid Jehan
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Peer assessment in dental and medical education is a key tool for evaluating attitudes and communication skills, serving as an effective formative learning method. It not only boosts academic performance and encourages lifelong learning and reflective practice but also fosters collaboration, effective communication, and constructive feedback among peers.

Objective

This study aimed to assess dental students’ satisfaction and perceptions regarding implementing peer assessment in case presentations, including contribution to their learning.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved third (n = 26), fourth (n = 54), and sixth (n = 71) dental students divided into five groups. Each student received peer assessments (n = 8) from the students of the other groups regarding their clinical presentation.

At the end of the process, students were invited to complete an anonymous 9‐item questionnaire to assess student perceptions of the peer‐assessment process. Data were analyzed to evaluate students’ perception and satisfaction with the peer assessment task. The bivariate analysis explored associations among questionnaire items.

Results

A total of 151 students participated in the current study. Results showed a high level of agreement for most of the students regarding their preparedness for peer and self‐assessment. More than 75% of the students at all academic levels found it challenging to evaluate their peers. Student satisfaction scores increased with the level of education, (4.076, 4.214, and 4.246 out of five, respectively) with moderate correlations between peer evaluation characteristics.

Conclusion

Peer assessment appears to enhance learning and professional development in dental students. Students’ satisfaction with peer assessment grows with education level, reflecting its role in fostering critical evaluation skills and feedback.
Pulsed lavage is associated with better quality of bone–cement–implant interface in knee arthroplasties (TKA/UKA) compared to syringe lavage in vitro; however, clinical data are missing: A systematic review
Authors: Di Maria Fabrizio , Das Saubhik , Abermann Elisabeth , Hoser Christian , Fink Christian
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse the available literature to ascertain the optimal method of bone preparation to improve the quality of bone–cement–implant interface with either pulsed lavage or syringe lavage in both total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase databases until July 2023. Both inclusion and exclusion criteria were clearly stated and used to identify all the published studies. Subsequent screening throughout the title, abstract and full text was made, followed by complete critical appraisal and data extraction. This sequential process was performed by two reviewers independently and summarised following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines). A quality assessment of the systematic review was performed according to the Quality Appraisal for Cadaveric Studies scale (QUACS), reaching a quality level ranging from 69% to 85%.

Results

A total of 10 articles, out of 47, nine biomechanical cadaveric studies and one human clinical study were analysed. A total of 196 UKA tibial components, 74 patellar components, 36 TKA tibial components and 24 UKA femoral components were retrieved, and a high level of heterogeneity resulted overall. The pulsed lavage group showed better cement penetration and higher pull‐out force than the syringe lavage group; a higher interface temperature was also found in the pulsed lavage group. No differences were found regarding tension ligament forces between the groups.

Conclusion

Our systematic review suggests that pulsed lavage is superior to syringe lavage in terms of the quality of bone–cement–implant interface in knee arthroplasties (TKA/UKA). However, translation of these results from cadaveric studies to individual clinical settings may be hazardous; therefore, clinical in vivo prospective studies are highly needed.

PROSPERO CRD

PROSPERO CRD number CRD42023432399

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Promising results following derotational femoral osteotomy in patellofemoral instability with increased femoral anteversion: A systematic review on current indications, outcomes and complication rate
Authors: Klasan Antonio , Compagnoni Riccardo , Grassi Alberto , Menetrey Jacques
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Patellofemoral joint instability (PFJI) can surgically be treated with a multitude of approaches, depending on the underlying pathology. In the presence of increased femoral anteversion, some authors have reported good results with a derotational distal femoral osteotomy (DeDFO). The purpose of the study was to investigate the indications, outcomes and complication rate of DeDFO for PFJI.

Methods

A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) by searching Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases through 1 December 2023. Included were levels 1–4 clinical studies of skeletally mature patients undergoing a DeDFO for PFJI irrespective of concomitant procedures. Study characteristics, indications, radiological and clinical outcomes, surgical technique and concomitant procedures, re‐dislocation and complication rate were all analysed, as was methodological quality.

Results

A total of 12 studies including 310 patients (325 knees) were included. Three studies were cohort studies, all others were case series. The mean patient age across the studies was 22 years, and the mean follow‐up was 29.4 months. Femoral anteversion cut‐off was between 20° and 30°. Every study included at least one concurrent soft tissue, bony or combined procedure. Across all studies, one case of re‐dislocation was reported (0.3%) and four implant or osteotomy‐related complications (1.2%) were reported. All studies reported a statistically significant increase in clinical scores.

Conclusion

This systematic review of DeDFO for patellofemoral instability in the presence of increased femoral anteversion demonstrates promising clinical results and an extremely low dislocation and complication rate. The heterogeneity of the cut‐off in anteversion and concomitant procedures, especially tibial tubercle osteotomy with seemingly identical results, indicates the need for high‐quality evidence for treating patellofemoral instability. Based upon this systematic review, we strongly recommend that DeDFO be added to the ‘menu à la carte’ of PFJI.

Level of Evidence

Level III Systematic Review.
A review on pyrimidine‐based derivatives: Synthesis and their biological application
Authors: Islam Md. Wahidul , Islam Md. Monarul , Akter Rabeya , Limon Tayebur Rahman , Vasquez Erick S. , Shaikh Md. Aftab Ali , Habib Ahsan
Published: May 2024

Pyrimidine‐based derivatives have attracted a lot of interest in heterocyclic chemistry due to its versatile structure and diverse biological activities. This study provides a comprehensive overview of synthetic strategy of different pyrimidine ring and highlights their biological importance. In this article, we start off by going through the fundamental procedures for the synthesis of pyrimidine scaffolds, including both conventional and contemporary synthetic techniques. These works cover a range of therapeutic domains, such as effects that are anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antimalarial, and so on. Moreover, we have summarized with a discussion of future prospects and challenges in the field of pyrimidine heterocyclic chemistry. This thorough review is a significant resource for researchers in medicinal chemistry and related fields since it offers insightful information about the synthetic methods and biological applications of pyrimidine‐based derivatives.
Phytochemical inhibitors from Leucas aspera against the target proteins induced by Trichophyton mentagrophytes using computational techniques
Authors: Giri Monalisha , Parida Sagarika
Published: May 2024

Dermatophytosis is a cutaneous infection that is able to degrade the keratinized tissues of the animal/human body, like skin, nails, and hair, causing chronic or subacute infection with the contact of some specific fungal strains. Trichophyton mentagrophytes are the most potential fungal pathogen causing dermatophytoses. The present study focuses on computationally based in silico antifungal activity of selected phytocompounds of Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link. against dermatophytic fungus, T. mentagrophytes. Validation and screening of derived phytocompounds is performed using Lipinski rule of five and toxicity test through Protox‐II. Five target genes involved in dermatophytosis, induced by T. mentagrophytes are retrieved from the UniProt Database, and the corresponding proteins such as glucan 1,3‐beta‐glucosidase ARB_02797, Probable class II chitinase ARB_00204, squalene monooxygenase, actin, and ubiquitin are selected for in silico study. Three‐dimensional structures of the target protein were computationally determined and validated through modeling tools and techniques due to the lack of validated protein structures in the database. Then, these proteins are used for in silico molecular docking through the AutoDock Vina tool to find out the promising phytocompounds. This study could be utilized in designing more effective drugs against T. mentagrophytes. Based on this work, a plant‐based natural alternative can be added to the treatment of dermatophytosis rather than synthetic supplements.
The impact of project‐based interorganizational networks: Evidence from the Chinese movie industry
Authors: Li Lingjia , Shou Yongyi
Published: May 2024

Project‐based interorganizational networks are temporary and dynamic, and significantly different from stable networks for mass production. However, empirical studies on project‐based interorganizational networks are scant. Drawing upon the network literature and distinguishing between production and distribution networks, we investigate how the centrality of a project in industry networks and tie strength of the project's member firms affect project performance in terms of product quality and sales. Using data of 821 Chinese movie projects during 2015–2018, we find empirical evidence that a project's centrality in the production network enhances product quality and that in the distribution network elevates product sales. Interestingly, weak ties in the production team contribute to product quality while strong ties in the distribution team improve product sales. This study advances the literature on project‐based industries and interorganizational networks. It highlights the distinction between production and distribution networks in project‐based industries and sheds light on the differential roles of a project's centrality and tie strength in both networks. These findings also offer novel insights to managers in project‐based industries.
Effects of bamboo leaf flavonoids on growth performance, antioxidants, immune function, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota in broilers
Authors: Wu Chao , Ma Hui , Lu Shuwan , Shi Xueyan , Liu Jinsong , Yang Caimei , Zhang Ruiqiang
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) are the main bioactive ingredients in bamboo leaves. They have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and other effects. In this study, the effects of dietary BLF on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of broilers were investigated. A total of 288 broilers were divided into three groups with eight replicates and 12 birds in each replicate. Broilers were fed a basic diet or the basic diet supplemented with 1000 or 2000 mg kg−1 BLF for 56 days.

RESULTS

The results showed that supplementation of BLF increased body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG), and reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) content of broilers in the BLF1000 group was increased and the interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) content was decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of IgM and IL‐10 in jejunum mucosa were found to be enhanced by BLF (P < 0.05). The BLF1000 group exhibited a significant reduction in the concentration of TNF‐α (P < 0.05). Serum and jejunum mucosa total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) levels in the BLF1000 group were increased (P < 0.05). The serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) effects of the BLF1000 group and serum CAT effects of BLF2000 group were increased (P < 0.05). The CON group demonstrated a lower relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R‐7_group and Oscillibacter than the BLF group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Dietary BLF inclusion enhanced the growth performance, immune, and antioxidant functions, improved the intestinal morphology, and ameliorated the intestinal microflora structure in broiler. Adding 1000 mg kg−1 BLF to the broiler diet can be considered as an effective growth promoter. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
On non‐hydrogen‐atom products of thermal decomposition of benzyl radical: A theoretical investigation by the transition state theory/multi‐well master equation approach
Authors: Meng Qinghui , Chi Yicheng , Zhang Lidong , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2024

Benzyl radical (C7H7), one of the resonantly stabilized hydrocarbon radicals, is one of the significant precursors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in interstellar media and combustion engines. The unimolecular decomposition of benzyl radical is still incompletely understood despite of its importance and relatively small molecular size. The decomposition reactions of benzyl radical were investigated in the present study by using the ab initio transition state theory (TST) and the multi‐well master equation theory. Specifically, all reaction pathways on the potential energy surface of C7H7 was calculated at the level of QCISD(T)/CBS. For the reactions with multireference characters, the CASPT2(9e,7o)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ method was used to calculate the vibrational frequencies and energies of structures along the one‐dimensional reaction coordinate of the breaking bond. The high‐pressure limits of rate constants for all the reactions were obtained by using the TST except those for C7H6 + H and C6H4 + CH3 by the variational TST. The pressure‐dependent rate constants were obtained by using the multi‐well master equation simulations. The calculated rate constants agree well with available experimental and theoretical data in the literature. Moreover, the present results identify the composition of the non‐hydrogen‐atom production observed in previous experiments, which provide new insights into the reactions of aromatic compounds.
Assessment of eco‐environmental changes along roads in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau based on remote sensing data: A case study of the Sino‐Nepalese Transport Corridor
Authors: Sun Yaohang , Jin Gang , Zhao Liangsheng , Guo Jianjun , Yue Dongxia
Published: May 2024

Understanding the evolutionary patterns of ecological quality in transport corridor areas and their driving mechanisms is essential for maintaining regional sustainable development. However, an integrated assessment of the ecology of plateau transport corridors is still lacking. This study focuses on the Sino‐Nepalese Transport Corridor (SNTC) and comprehensively evaluates the spatio‐temporal patterns and evolution of eco‐environmental quality from 2000 to 2021 based on remote sensing data and quantifies and explores the potential driving factors. The results indicate significant spatial heterogeneity in the eco‐environmental quality of the SNTC, with an overall bipolar “northeast‐southwest” distribution pattern. The area of poor and worse quality is the largest (32,471.75 km2), accounting for about 47.20% of the total area of the SNTC, distributed in the plateau bare land and the Yarlung Tsangpo River valley. From 2000 to 2021, the eco‐environmental quality showed an initial decline and then an increase, with a relatively gentle overall trend. The increase in the remote sensing ecological index in Region (I) from 0.314 in the first 10 years to 0.334 in the second 10 years, an increase of 6.37%, was mainly attributed to afforestation projects in the “One River and two tributaries Nature Reserve” region. The eco‐environmental quality of the SNTC is influenced by multiple factors including human activities, climate, and topography. Grazing intensity, population density, and digital elevation model are the main negative disturbance factors, while temperature, precipitation, gross domestic product, and afforestation areas promote eco‐environmental quality. In particular, afforestation projects partially offset the negative impact of human activities. These results will provide useful information for understanding the complex effects of human activities and natural factors on the eco‐environmental quality in the plateau transport corridor region and for formulating ecological conservation policies.
Effects of different lipid sources with or without a probiotic on gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of chickens: An animal model
Authors: Poorghasemi Mohammadreza , Chamani Mohammad , Mirhosseini Seyed Ziaeddin , Saravy Ali , Sadeghi Ali‐Asghar , Seidavi Alireza , D'Avila Lima Heder José
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different lipid sources, with or without a probiotic, on the gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of Ross 308 male chickens. In this study, 360 one‐day‐old chickens were randomly allotted to six treatments with six replicates. Experimental diets were: (1) control (CTL); (2) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from tallow (CTL+TLW); (3) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from soybean oil (CTL+SO); (4) the basal diet plus a probiotic (CTL+PRO), (5) a diet containing 30 g/kg tallow plus probiotic (TLW+PRO); and (6) a diet containing 30 g/kg soybean oil plus probiotic (SO+PRO). The percentage of liver and jejunum in the treatments that used tallow alone or tallow with probiotics had a significant increase as compared to the control. The villus height and crypt depth of the ileum and villus height/crypt depth in the treatments that used soybean oil and probiotic alone had a significant increase compared to the control. The weight of the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus in the treatments that used probiotics had a significant increase compared to the control. The amount of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase as well as triacylglycerol in the treatment containing probiotic and its mixture with soybean oil had the least significant difference with the control. The results showed that the use of soybean oil, probiotics, and their mixture can improve intestinal morphology, strengthen the immune system, and reduce liver enzymes in chickens.
A platinum(IV)–artesunate complex triggers ferroptosis by boosting cytoplasmic and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation to enhance tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Fan Renming , Deng Aohua , Lin Ruizhuo , Zhang Shuo , Cheng Caiyan , Zhuang Junyan , Hai Yongrui , Zhao Minggao , Yang Le , Wei Gaofei
Published: May 2024

Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent cell death form that initiates lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tumors. In recent years, there has been growing interest on ferroptosis, but how to propel it forward translational medicine remains in mist. Although experimental ferroptosis inducers such as RSL3 and erastin have demonstrated bioactivity in vitro, the poor antitumor outcome in animal model limits their development. In this study, we reveal a novel ferroptosis inducer, oxaliplatin–artesunate (OART), which exhibits substantial bioactivity in vitro and vivo, and we verify its feasibility in cancer immunotherapy. For mechanism, OART induces cytoplasmic and mitochondrial LPO to promote tumor ferroptosis, via inhibiting glutathione‐mediated ferroptosis defense system, enhancing iron‐dependent Fenton reaction, and initiating mitochondrial LPO. The destroyed mitochondrial membrane potential, disturbed mitochondrial fusion and fission, as well as downregulation of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase mutually contribute to mitochondrial LPO. Consequently, OART enhances tumor immunogenicity by releasing damage associated molecular patterns and promoting antigen presenting cells maturation, thereby transforming tumor environment from immunosuppressive to immunosensitive. By establishing in vivo model of tumorigenesis and lung metastasis, we verified that OART improves the systematic immune response. In summary, OART has enormous clinical potential for ferroptosis‐based cancer therapy in translational medicine.
Association of Gene Expression and Tremor Network Structure
Authors: Welton Thomas , Chew Gabriel , Mai Aaron Shengting , Ng Jing Han , Chan Ling Ling , Tan Eng‐King
Published: May 2024

Background

Transcriptomic changes in the essential tremor (ET)–associated cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical “tremor network” and their association to brain structure have not been investigated.

Objective

The aim was to characterize molecular changes associated with network‐level imaging‐derived phenotypes (IDP) found in ET.

Methods

We performed an imaging‐transcriptomic study in British adults using imaging‐genome‐wide association study summary statistics (UK Biobank “BIG40” cohort; n = 33,224, aged 40–69 years). We imputed imaging‐transcriptomic associations for 184 IDPs and analyzed functional enrichment of gene modules and aggregate network‐level phenotypes. Validation was performed in cerebellar‐tissue RNA‐sequencing data from ET patients and controls (n = 55).

Results

Among 237,896 individual predicted gene expression levels for 6063 unique genes/transcripts, we detected 2269 genome‐wide significant associations (Bonferroni P < 2.102e‐7, 0.95%). These were concentrated in intracellular volume fraction measures of white matter pathways and in genes with putative links to tremor (MAPT, ARL17A, KANSL1, SPPL2C, LRRC37A4P, PLEKHM1, and FMNL1). Whole‐tremor‐network cortical thickness was associated with a gene module linked to mitochondrial organization and protein quality control (r = 0.91, P = 2e‐70), whereas white‐gray T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast in the tremor network was associated with a gene module linked to sphingolipid synthesis and ethanolamine metabolism (r = −0.90, P = 2e‐68). Imputed association effect sizes and RNA‐sequencing log‐fold change in the validation dataset were significantly correlated for cerebellar peduncular diffusion MRI phenotypes, and there was a close overlap of significant associations between both datasets for gray matter phenotypes (χ2 = 6.40, P = 0.006).

Conclusions

The identified genes and processes are potential treatment targets for ET, and our results help characterize molecular changes that could in future be used for patient treatment selection or prognosis prediction. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Rethinking therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs: An update on pharmacological small‐molecule compounds in cancer
Authors: Yang Yiren , Mou Yi , Wan Lin‐Xi , Zhu Shiou , Wang Guan , Gao Huiyuan , Liu Bo
Published: May 2024

Oncogenes and tumor suppressors are well‐known to orchestrate several signaling cascades, regulate extracellular and intracellular stimuli, and ultimately control the fate of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that perturbation of these key modulators by mutations or abnormal protein expressions are closely associated with drug resistance in cancer therapy; however, the inherent drug resistance or compensatory mechanism remains to be clarified for targeted drug discovery. Thus, dual‐target drug development has been widely reported to be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving drug efficiency or overcoming resistance mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs, especially focusing on pharmacological small‐molecule compounds in cancer, including small molecules targeting mutation resistance, compensatory mechanisms, synthetic lethality, synergistic effects, and other new emerging strategies. Together, these therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs would shed light on discovering more novel candidate small‐molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment.