bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Polarization and Directing Effects of Unsymmetrical Alkynes Using Regioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Bromoallylation
Authors: Topolovčan Nikola , Hara Shuto , Císařová Ivana , Tošner Zdeněk , Kotora Martin
Published: November 2019

Herein is disclosed the first comprehensive study of factors that affect the regioselectivity of PdBr2(PhCN)2‐catalyzed bromoallylation of unsymmetrically substituted internal alkynes. The study was performed on a wide array of electronically and structurally diverse alkynes with aryl‐aryl, aryl‐ferrocenyl, and aryl‐alkyl substitutions. The regioselective formation of bromoallylation products was mostly driven by the polarization of the triple bond in aryl‐aryl and aryl‐ferrocenyl‐substituted ethynes. On the other hand, directing effect, which arises from the presence of a directing group in the side‐chain of aryl‐alkyl‐substituted alkynes, was the dominating factor that determined the regioselectivity of these reactions.
The implications of previous history of anorexia nervosa in patients with current bulimia nervosa: Alterations in daily functioning, decision‐making, and bone status
Authors: Strumila Robertas , Nobile Benedicte , Maimoun Laurent , Jaussent Isabelle , Seneque Maude , Thiebaut Sylvain , Iceta Sylvain , Dupuis‐Maurin Kathlyne , Lefebvre Patrick , Courtet Philippe , Renard Eric , Guillaume Sebastien
Published: November 2019

Objective

It is not yet clear what role previous history of anorexia nervosa (AN) plays in the clinical course of bulimia nervosa (BN). We aimed to investigate, using a comprehensive assessment, involving clinical characteristics, daily functioning, cognitive functions, and nutritional and physical markers in BN patients with a history of AN, and compare them with BN patients without a history of AN.

Methods

Eighty‐five patients with a current episode of BN (35 with a lifetime history of AN) were analysed. Diagnoses were established according to the DSM‐5 criteria. Patients completed neuropsychological tests and filled out validated psychiatric questionnaires. Sociodemographic data and nutritional and somatic illness markers were collected and investigated.

Results

BN patients with a history of previous lifetime AN had worse decision‐making ability, worse general and specific functioning, decreased bone density, more antecedent of lifetime suicide attempts, more dietary restraint, and more frequent use of laxatives. The multivariate model shows that the history of AN is closely associated with worse decision‐making ability, worse general function, and higher likelihood of lifetime suicide attempts.

Discussion

Prior history of AN is an important clinical question that should receive proper attention when treating BN patients, as this subgroup of patients may have specific care needs.
DL‐IDS: a deep learning–based intrusion detection framework for securing IoT
Authors: Otoum Yazan , Liu Dandan , Nayak Amiya
Published: November 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is comprised of numerous devices connected through wired or wireless networks, including sensors and actuators. Recently, the number of IoT applications has increased dramatically, including smart homes, vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs), health care, smart cities, and wearables. As reported in IHS Markit (see https://technology.ihs.com), the number of connected devices is projected to jump from approximately 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030, an average annual increment of 12%. Security is a critical issue in today's IoT field because of the nature of the architecture, the types of devices, different methods of communication (mainly wireless), and the volume of data being transmitted over the network. Security becomes even more important as the number of devices connected to the IoT increases. To overcome the challenges of securing IoT devices, we propose a new deep learning–based intrusion detection system (DL‐IDS) to detect security threats in IoT environments. There are many IDSs in the literature, but they lack optimal features learning and data set management, which are significant issues that affect the accuracy of attack detection. Our proposed module combines the spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm and the stacked‐deep polynomial network (SDPN) to achieve optimal detection recognition; SMO selects the optimal features in the data sets and SDPN classifies the data as normal or anomalies. The types of anomalies detected by DL‐IDS include denial of service (DoS), user‐to‐root (U2R) attack, probe attack, and remote‐to‐local (R2L) attack. Extensive analysis indicates that the proposed DL‐IDS achieves better performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐score.
HCAR: Human continuous activity recognition using latent structure features
Authors: Zhao Kun , Yang Xiaoxian , Xi Wei , Jiang Zhiping , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Zhi , Ji Xinyuan , Yang Zhao , Zhao Jizhong
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and the improvement of computing power, edge‐computing becomes an emergency computing paradigm that communicates between the terminal and cloud. One of the most representative works of edge‐computing is to achieve human‐activity recognition at the edge side, as it has lower latency and it could reduce transmission costs, compared with processing at the cloud side. However, existing approaches have many drawbacks: (1) they can merely recognize separated actions as it is incompetence for continuous activity recognition; and (2) they are not robust to action transformation and environmental noise due to the value‐feature‐based matching strategy. In this paper, we propose HCAR, a structure‐feature–based human continuous activity recognition system, which is insensitive to action transformation and environmental noise. Firstly, we leverage word2vec to embed the CSI sequences to CSI value space. Secondly, we select representative features from the embedded vectors and use HMM‐LDA to cluster them into different action categories. Lastly, for each new coming sequence, we calculate the Hellinger distance and bi‐modality coefficient to different categories and then identify the corresponding action(s). We implement HCAR by Intel 5300 NIC to evaluate the activity recognition precision in different cases. The experiments show that HCAR can recognize actions corresponding to the unsegmented CSI sequence with high accuracy, ie, >90%.
Healthy aging delays the neural processing of face features relevant for behavior by 40 ms
Authors: Jaworska Katarzyna , Yi Fei , Ince Robin A. A. , van Rijsbergen Nicola J. , Schyns Philippe G. , Rousselet Guillaume A.
Published: November 2019

Fast and accurate face processing is critical for everyday social interactions, but it declines and becomes delayed with age, as measured by both neural and behavioral responses. Here, we addressed the critical challenge of understanding how aging changes neural information processing mechanisms to delay behavior. Young (20–36 years) and older (60–86 years) adults performed the basic social interaction task of detecting a face versus noise while we recorded their electroencephalogram (EEG). In each participant, using a new information theoretic framework we reconstructed the features supporting face detection behavior, and also where, when and how EEG activity represents them. We found that occipital‐temporal pathway activity dynamically represents the eyes of the face images for behavior ~170 ms poststimulus, with a 40 ms delay in older adults that underlies their 200 ms behavioral deficit of slower reaction times. Our results therefore demonstrate how aging can change neural information processing mechanisms that underlie behavioral slow down.
Lipotoxic Hepatocyte‐Derived Exosomal MicroRNA 192‐5p Activates Macrophages Through Rictor/Akt/Forkhead Box Transcription Factor O1 Signaling in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Lin , Pan Qin , Cao Hai‐Xia , Xin Feng‐Zhi , Zhao Ze‐Hua , Yang Rui‐Xu , Zeng Jing , Zhou Huiping , Fan Jian‐Gao
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims

Hepatic macrophages can be activated by many factors such as gut‐derived bacterial components and factors released from damaged hepatocytes. Macrophage polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype (M1) represents an important event in the disease progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Exosomes have been identified as important mediators for cell–cell communication by transferring various biological components such as microRNAs (miRs), proteins, and lipids. The role of exosomes in crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages in disease progression of NAFLD is yet to be explored.

Approach and Results

In the present study, we reported that lipotoxic injury–induced release of hepatocyte exosomes enriched with miR‐192‐5p played a critical role in the activation of M1 macrophages and hepatic inflammation. Serum miR‐192‐5p levels in patients with NAFLD positively correlated with hepatic inflammatory activity score and disease progression. Similarly, the serum miR‐192‐5p level and the number of M1 macrophages, as well as the expression levels of the hepatic proinflammatory mediators, were correlated with disease progression in high‐fat high‐cholesterol diet–fed rat models. Lipotoxic hepatocytes released more miR‐192‐5p‐enriched exosomes than controls, which induced M1 macrophage (cluster of differentiation 11b–positive [CD11b+]/CD86+) activation and increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Furthermore, hepatocyte‐derived exosomal miR‐192‐5p inhibited the protein expression of the rapamycin‐insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor), which further inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Akt and forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) and resulted in activation of FoxO1 and subsequent induction of the inflammatory response.

Conclusions

Hepatocyte‐derived exosomal miR‐192‐5p plays a critical role in the activation of proinflammatory macrophages and disease progression of NAFLD through modulating Rictor/Akt/FoxO1 signaling. Serum exosomal miR‐192‐5p represents a potential noninvasive biomarker and therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
New responsibilities for aged kinases in B‐lymphomas
Authors: Piazza Francesco , Manni Sabrina , Arjomand Arash , Visentin Andrea , Trentin Livio , Semenzato Gianpietro
Published: November 2019

The knowledge accumulated over the last decade on B‐cell–derived non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) pathogenesis has led to the identification of several molecular abnormalities, opening new perspectives in the design of novel therapies. Indeed, drugs targeting specific biochemical pathways critical for B‐NHL cell survival, proliferation, and fitness within the malignant microenvironment are now available to the clinician: the B‐cell receptor signaling inhibitors of BTK, PI3Kδ, ζ, γ, and SYK or the pro‐apoptotic BH3‐mimetics are clear examples of it. Moreover, it is emerging that malignant B‐cell growth is sustained not only by mutations in oncogenes/tumor suppressors but also by the “addiction” to nononcogene (ie, nonstructurally altered) molecules. In this regard, a consistent body of data has established that the Ser/Thr kinases CK1, CK2, and GSK3 are involved in malignant lymphocyte biology and act as pro‐survival and signaling‐boosting molecules, both in precursor and mature B‐cell tumors. Currently, an experimental and clinical groundwork is available, upon which to design CK1‐, CK2‐, and GSK3‐directed antilymphoma/leukemia therapies. In this review, we have examined the main features of CK1, CK2, and GSK3 kinases, summarized the data in B‐NHL supporting them as suitable therapeutic targets, and proposed a perspective on potential future research development.
Virtuous circle: Human capital and human resource management in social enterprises
Authors: Roumpi Dorothea , Magrizos Solon , Nicolopoulou Katerina
Published: November 2019

The majority of the extant research on human resource management (HRM) draws conclusions based on evidence from for‐profit organizations. In response to calls for the exploration of HRM in different contexts, this study focuses on understanding HRM in the context of social enterprises. The unique context of social enterprises and their unique workforce raise questions about the direct applicability of frameworks developed from examining HRM in for‐profit organizations. The narratives provided by 20 CEOs, HR directors, and managers of social enterprises in the United Kingdom highlight the importance of “ethics of care” as the core of the HRM‐related decisions in the “third sector.” In addition, we identify five distinct workforce categories and propose a typology of differentiated HRM systems that enable social enterprises to achieve their dual mission. Finally, we propose a “virtuous circle” model, highlighting “ethics of care” as the main driver for organizational outcomes, using differentiated HRM systems that better serve their needs.
The relationship between political instability and financial inclusion: Evidence from Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Alhassan Abidin , Li Leon , Reddy Krishna , Duppati Geeta
Published: November 2019

What is the effect of political instability on financial inclusion (FI) in the Middle East and North Africa region? Using data for 2011, 2014, and 2017, from the Global Findex database, we test the asymmetry relationship between political instability and FI using the probit model with sample selection and a multiplicative interaction test of the asymmetric model. We also propose and test a political stability threshold model that may trigger FI. We find that (a) political instability positively correlates with lower degrees of FI with higher levels of persistence; (b) higher incomes and higher education are associated with higher degrees of FI; (c) a lack of documentation required by formal financial institutions proves to be a major barrier to FI; and (d) inefficient mechanisms to determine real interest rates, corruption, oil reliance, unemployment, and religious tensions also negatively affect FI. Further, we calculate the political stability threshold level that will trigger FI to be ‐0.960 for the Middle East and North Africa region. The policymakers could enhance and promote FI and economic well‐being by targeting the minimum threshold value of political stability.
Determinants of stock market development and price volatility in ASEAN plus three countries: The role of institutional quality
Authors: Shi Yongming , Ahmed Khalid , Paramati Sudharshan Reddy
Published: November 2019

The present study investigates the determinants of stock market development and price volatility in a sample of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus three countries. More specifically, the study explores the role of institutional quality indicators on stock market development and volatility. To achieve the objectives of the study, we use annual data from 1991 to 2014 and employ panel cointegration test, fully modified ordinary least square method, and heterogeneous noncausality test. Our empirical findings confirm the significant long‐run relationship among the variables. Similarly, our results of long‐run elasticities on stock market development and volatility indicate that the institutional freedom indicators such as regulation, size of the government, sound money, and trade freedom have significant positive effect on stock market development, and these indicators, along with legal system, have substantial negative impact on stock price volatility. We also find significant short‐run causalities of stock market development and price volatility with the macroeconomic variables. Given these results, our study suggests that the institutional freedom indicators not only promote stock market development, but they also effectively reduce stock price volatility in ASEAN plus three countries.
Author gender differences in psychology citation impact 1996–2018
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: November 2019

Academic psychology in the USA is a gender success story in terms of overturning its early male dominance but there are still relatively few senior female psychology researchers. To assess whether there are gender differences in citation impact that might help to explain either of these trends, this study investigates psychology articles since 1996. Seven out of eight Scopus psychology categories had a majority of female first‐authored journal articles by 2018. From regression analyses of first and last author gender and team size, female first authors associate with a slightly higher average citation impact, but extra authors have a 10 times stronger association with higher average citation impact. Last author gender has little association with citation impact. Female first authors are more likely to be in larger teams and if team size is attributed to the first author's work, then their apparent influence of female first authors on citation impact doubles. While gender differences in average citation impact are too small to account for gender‐related trends in academic psychology, they warn that male‐dominated citation‐based ranking lists of psychologists do not reflect the state of psychology research today.
A study on multiple array method of birdcage coils to improve the signal intensity and homogeneity in small‐animal whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T
Authors: Heo Phil , Kim Han‐Joong , Han Sang‐Doc , Kim Donghyuk , Im Geun Ho , Kim Soobum , Kim Kyoung‐Nam
Published: November 2019

Birdcage (BC) coils generate a homogeneous magnetic field (∣B1∣), whose strength depends on the length of the coils, the number of legs, the resonance frequency, the excitation method, and the length‐to‐diameter ratio. BC coils with a shorter distance between the end rings produce a more intense ∣B1∣ field with a higher level of homogeneity. Here, we propose a combination of overlapping and nonoverlapping radiofrequency volumetric BC coils for small‐animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) working at 7 T with a frequency of 300 MHz to improve the ∣B1∣‐field homogeneity and intensity along the main magnetic field (∣B0∣) direction. The first combination consisted of two overlapping BC (o‐BC) coils, in which each coil is half the length of the imaging object. A combination of two nonoverlapping BC coils separated by a small gap (nog‐BC) was also developed. In order to improve the performance of the nog‐BC coil, we attached a decoupling capacitor. In computational calculations, the proposed o‐BC coil configuration showed an increased homogeneity in the ∣B1∣ field along the ∣B0∣ direction compared with the other coils. The experimental bench tests of the o‐BC coil configuration showed a high decoupling coefficient between the BC coils, which allowed each of them to be used individually for transmission and reception. The o‐BC coil was able to maintain a high transmission efficiency without signal interference while exhibiting an increased ∣B1∣‐field homogeneity compared with other coils. In this study, the advantages of the o‐BC coils are demonstrated using electromagnetic simulations and MRI on a homogenous phantom and an in vivo mouse body.
Detection and segmentation of cancer regions in cervical images using fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system classification method
Authors: Ramasamy Raghupathy , Chinnasamy Chitra
Published: November 2019

Cervical cancer is one of the most severe death causing cancers in developing countries. The mortality rates of the cervical cancer are high in developing countries due to their unawareness about such cancer. This article proposes an efficient Fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classification method based cancer region detection and segmentation in cervical images. The thick and thin edges are detected using fuzzy logic and these detected edges are fused pixel level image fusion technique. In this article, fuzzy rules are constructed for detecting edges for cancer region detection. Then, Gabor transform is applied on the fused cervical image for the transformation of pixels. The texture features are extracted from the Gabor transformed image and these features are classified using ANFIS classification approach. Further, morphological operations are used to segment the cancer regions in classified abnormal cervical image. The average classification rate of the proposed cervical cancer detection system is about 98.8%. The proposed cervical cancer segmentation methodology stated in this article achieves 98.1% of sensitivity, 99.4% of specificity, and 99.3% of accuracy.
Comments on chemical properties reported for diphenyl disulfide and its derivatives: The merit of the phenyl groups
Authors: Lin Hung‐Sung , Wu Yan , Liu Yu‐Ju , Chen Shu‐Hui , Chen Wei‐Ting , Wang Shao‐Pin
Published: November 2019

The symmetrical 2,2′‐disubstitued derivatives of diphenyl disulfide showing widely spanning rates of electrophilic attack of the HIV‐1 nucleocapsid protein p7 zinc fingers have been rationalized, based on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)‐lowering approach, by the substituents' π‐effects and the hydrogen bond stabilization effects. In the 2,2′‐amide‐ and 4,4′‐N‐amide‐substituted derivatives, the extent of LUMO lowering has been reduced by the destabilization of lone‐pair bond orbital, lp(N), present on the nitrogen atom of N‐amide. From the natural bond orbital viewpoint, hydrogen bond stabilization of LUMO is mainly governed by stabilization of the σ*SS bond orbital.
AKIP1 expression in tumor tissue as a new biomarker for disease monitoring and prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer: Results of a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yingchao , Tian Jia , Qin Dongrui , Liu Jiaqi , Xie Yaozeng
Published: November 2019

Background

A‐kinase–interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) has been reported as an oncogenetic factor in multiple cancers; however, no study has reported its role in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) yet. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of AKIP1, and its correlation with tumor characteristics as well as prognosis in patients with NSCLC.

Methods

Four hundred and ninety patients with NSCLC who underwent resection were reviewed, and baseline clinical data were collected. AKIP1 expression in tumor tissue/paired adjacent tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated.

Results

A‐kinase–interacting protein 1 expression was elevated in tumor tissue compared with paired adjacent tissue (P < .001), and high AKIP1 tumor tissue expression was correlated with poor pathological differentiation (P < .001), tumor size >5 cm (P = .001), lymph node metastasis (P = .016), higher TNM stages (P < .001), and abnormal CEA level (>5 ng/mL) (P = .035). DFS was worse in patients with tumor tissue AKIP1 high expression compared with patients who had AKIP1 low expression in total patients (P < .001), TNM stage I (P < .001) and TNM stage III (P < .001) patients. And the OS was also decreased in patients with AKIP1 high expression in total patients (P < .001), TNM stage I patients (P = .001) and TNM stage III patients (P = .004). Moreover, multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed that AKIP1 high expression was an independent predictive factor for worse DFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .001).

Conclusion

Tumor tissue AKIP1 expression may have the potential to be a biomarker assisting in disease monitoring and prognosis in NSCLC.
From achievement to power: David C. McClelland, McBer & Company, and the business of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), 1962–1985
Authors: Hoffarth Matthew J.
Published: November 2019

During the 1960s, Harvard psychologist David McClelland focused his research and business endeavors on increasing the need for achievement in small businesspeople, with the goal of fostering economic success in the developing world. However, by the early 1970s, McClelland would focus almost entirely on developing executives’ need for power in the United States. In this paper, I argue that underlying this shift was McClelland's dedication to the project of behavioral engineering and a newfound belief that training individuals in the responsible exercise of leadership and managerial power had become the most effective path to achieving his liberal political aims.
Rapid and sensitive identification of ricin in environmental samples based on lactamyl agarose beads using LC‐MS/MS (MRM)
Authors: Feldberg Liron , Schuster Ofir , Elhanany Eytan , Laskar Orly , Yitzhaki Shmuel , Gura Sigalit
Published: November 2019

Ricin, a plant‐derived toxin extracted from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor bean plant), is one of the most toxic proteins known. Ricin's high toxicity, widespread availability, and ease of its extraction make it a potential agent for bioterrorist attacks. Most ricin detection methods are based on immunoassays. These methods may suffer from low efficiency in matrices containing interfering substances, or from false positive results due to antibody cross reactivity, with highly homologous proteins. In this study, we have developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective mass spectrometry assay, for the identification of ricin in complex environmental samples. This assay involves three main stages: (a) Ricin affinity capture by commercial lactamyl‐agarose (LA) beads. (b) Tryptic digestion. (c) LC‐MS/MS (MRM) analysis of tryptic fragments. The assay was validated using 60 diverse environmental samples such as soil, asphalt, and vegetation, taken from various geographic regions. The assay's selectivity was established in the presence of high concentrations of competing lectin interferences. Based on our findings, we have defined strict criteria for unambiguous identification of ricin. Our novel method, which combines affinity capture beads followed by MRM‐based analysis, enabled the identification of 1 ppb ricin spiked into complex environmental matrices. This methodology has the potential to be extended for the identification of ricin in body fluids from individuals exposed (deliberately or accidentally) to the toxin, contaminated food or for the detection of the entire family of RIP‐II toxins, by applying multiplex format.
Screening of Surfactant Foaming Properties Using the Gas‐Sparging Method: Design of an Optimal Protocol
Authors: Bois Rémy , van Hecke Elisabeth , Pezron Isabelle , Nesterenko Alla
Published: November 2019

Foaming properties of five model surfactants, namely, sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), polyoxyethylene 23 lauryl ether (Brij L23), polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), have been compared as a function of experimental conditions using the gas‐sparging method. The influence of surfactant concentration relative to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and three process parameters—frit porosity, gas flow rate, and preset volume of foam (or bubbling time)—was studied by means of a 24–1 factorial design. Three foaming properties were considered: foam capacity, foam stability, and maximal foam density. At the CMC, SLES, SDS, Tween 20, and Brij L23 were indistinguishable, all having very high foaming capacity and stability, regardless of process conditions. At 0.1 CMC, differences among them were highlighted especially at the lowest frit porosity coupled to the highest gas flow rate. Those conditions are thus recommended when a rapid screening of surfactant foaming performances is needed.
Automatic kinetic model generation and selection based on concentration versus time curves
Authors: Nagy Tibor , Tóth János , Ladics Tamás
Published: November 2019

The goal of the paper is to automatize the construction and parameterization of kinetic reaction mechanisms that can describe a set of experimentally measured concentration versus time curves. Using the framework and theorems of formal reaction kinetics, first, we build a set of possible mechanisms with a given number of measured and unmeasured (real or fictitious) species and reaction steps that fulfill some chemically reasonable requirements. Then we fit all the corresponding mass‐action kinetic models and offer the best one to the chemist to help explain the underlying chemical phenomenon or to use it for predictions. We demonstrate the use of the method via two simple examples: on an artificial, simulated set of data and on a small real‐life data set. The method can also be used to do a kind of lumping to generate a model that can reproduce the simulation results of a detailed mechanism with less species and thereby can largely accelerate spatially inhomogeneous simulations.
Intracapsular versus extracapsular dissection tonsillectomy for adults: A systematic review
Authors: Amin Nikul , Lakhani Raj
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Tonsillectomy is an extremely common ENT surgical procedure. There is a growing interest in the role of intracapsular dissection tonsillectomy (ICDT) due to reported reduced perioperative complications. We aim to compare the outcomes associated with ICDT versus traditional extracapsular dissection tonsillectomy (ECDT) in the adult population.

Methods

Systematic review of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ICDT and ECDT for all indications in the adult population. Electronic searches performed through CENTRAL, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP. Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 2014) was used to carry out the meta‐analysis.

Results

Nine RCTs were included with a total of 11 reports with mean age of 23.9 years including 181 patients who received ICDT compared to 176 patients receiving ECDT. We found statistically significant reduced postoperative pain and analgesia requirement as well as a reduced rate of secondary postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing ICDT versus ECDT. There appears to be no significant difference in controlling recurrent tonsillitis between the ICDT and ECDT groups.

Conclusion

Across the recorded outcomes we noted no clear benefit to performing ECDT over ICDT and evidence suggests high patient satisfaction with ICDT. Laryngoscope, 130:2325–2335, 2020
Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Proton Diffusivity in Hydrated Nafion Membranes Contaminated with Ferrous Ions
Authors: Kawai Kiyoto , Mabuchi Takuya , Tokumasu Takashi
Published: November 2019

A molecular dynamics simulation is performed to understand the effects of ferrous ion contaminations on the proton transport property and nanostructures of solvent molecules in hydrated Nafion membranes while considering the Grotthuss mechanism. At low hydration conditions, the proton diffusivity has a local maximum at a certain concentration of ferrous ions. In the case of low ferrous ion concentration (≈25% of total cation charge), proton diffusivity is similar to that in the pure membrane. Also, in the case of middle ferrous ion concentration (50%), proton diffusivity is enhanced because the water clusters are more connected compared with those in the pure membrane. In the case of high ferrous ion concentration (larger than 70%), proton diffusivity is inhibited because the water clusters are disintegrated by the ferrous ions. Moreover, the correlation between proton diffusivity and nanostructure of the Nafion membrane is different among low, middle, and high water content. The results imply that the proton diffusivity is affected by ferrous ion contaminations by different mechanisms according to water content.
Does glucose affect the de‐esterification of methyl ferulate by Lactobacillus buchneri?
Authors: Mogodiniyai Kasmaei Kamyar , Schlosser Dietmar , Sträuber Heike , Kleinsteuber Sabine
Published: November 2019

Silage, the fermented product from anaerobic storage of forage crops with high water contents (50%–70%), is normally used as animal feed but also for the production of biofuels and value‐added products. To improve the utilization of plant fibers during ensiling, previous attempts have aimed at breaking linkages between lignin and hemicellulose by use of Lactobacillus buchneri LN 4017 (ATCC PTA‐6138), a feruloyl esterase (FAE)‐producing strain, but results have been inconsistent. Normally, there are sufficient amounts of readily available substrates for bacterial growth in silage. We thus hypothesized that the inconsistent effect of L. buchneri LN 4017 on the digestibility of silage fibers is due to the catabolic repression of FAE activity by substrates present in silage (e.g., glucose). To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effect of glucose on the de‐esterification of methyl ferulate (MF), a model substrate used for FAE activity assays. At three glucose:MF ratios (0:1, 1:1, and 13:1), the bacteria continued hydrolyzing MF with increasing glucose:MF ratios, indicating that the de‐esterification reaction was not repressed by glucose. We therefore conclude that the de‐esterification activity of L. buchneri LN 4017 is not repressed by silage substrates during ensiling.
Exploring managerial intentionality
Authors: Hutzschenreuter Thomas , Han Un‐Seok , Kleindienst Ingo
Published: November 2019

To enable a better understanding of individual and, as a logical extension, organizational behavior, we set forth a theoretical framework of managerial intentionality. At its core are the concepts of desire and belief, which together form intentions. We argue that it is these intentions that may substantially affect strategic choices and, by that, organizational change. Exploring managerial intentionality, we acknowledge a central building block of cognitive science, which contrary to representations and computations has, by and large, been neglected in the management and organization literatures. We use the framework to explore the intrapersonal and interpersonal role of managerial intentionality as well as its effectiveness in an organizational context. We also clarify the differences to related concepts and discuss implications for future research. In doing so, we contribute to the overall objective of increasing our understanding of managerial action and organizational behavior.
A dominant RAD51C pathogenic splicing variant predisposes to breast and ovarian cancer in the Newfoundland population due to founder effect
Authors: Dawson Lesa M. , Smith Kerri N. , Werdyani Salem , Ndikumana Robyn , Penney Cindy , Wiede Louisa L. , Smith Kendra L. , Pater Justin A. , MacMillan Andrée , Green Jane , Drover Sheila , Young Terry‐Lynn , O’Rielly Darren D.
Published: November 2019

Background

RAD51C is important in DNA repair and individuals with pathogenic RAD51C variants have increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), an autosomal dominant genetic predisposition to early onset breast and/or ovarian cancer.

Methods

Five female HBOC probands sequenced negative for moderate‐ and high‐risk genes but shared a recurrent variant of uncertain significance in RAD51C (NM_058216.3: c.571 + 4A > G). Participant recruitment was followed by haplotype and case/control analyses, RNA splicing analysis, gene and protein expression assays, and Sanger sequencing of tumors.

Results

The RAD51C c.571 + 4A > G variant segregates with HBOC, with heterozygotes sharing a 5.07 Mbp haplotype. RAD51C c.571 + 4A > G is increased ~52‐fold in the Newfoundland population compared with the general Caucasian population and positive population controls share disease‐associated alleles, providing evidence of a founder effect. Splicing analysis confirmed in silico predictions that RAD51C c.571 + 4A > G causes exon 3 skipping, creating an immediate premature termination codon. Gene and protein expression were significantly reduced in a RAD51C c.571 + 4G > A heterozygote compared with a wild‐type relative. Sanger sequencing of tumors from two probands indicates loss‐of‐heterozygosity, suggesting loss of function.

Conclusion

The RAD51C c.571 + 4A > G variant affects mRNA splicing and should be re‐classified as pathogenic according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.
On the stability of proliferation of kertinocytes in psoriatic skin fractional model
Authors: Hassouna Meryeme , Ouhadan Abdelaziz , El Kinani El Hassan
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we introduce a fractional order into a psoriasis model. The system is composed of two fractional equations; we prove the local existence and uniqueness of the solution of the fractional psoriasis system; some stability conditions of the model equilibrium are given; finally, we further present some numerical results that confirm the stability.
Some singular third‐order boundary value problems
Authors: Uğurlu Ekin
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we consider some singular formally symmetric (self‐adjoint) boundary value problems generated by a singular third‐order differential expression and separated and coupled boundary conditions. In particular, we consider that the minimal symmetric operator generated by the third‐order differential expression has the deficiency indices (3,3). We investigate same spectral properties related with these problems, and we introduce a method to find the resolvent operator.
Psychological comorbidities and functional neurological disorders in women with idiopathic urinary retention: International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) 2019
Authors: Panicker Jalesh N. , Selai Caroline , Herve Francois , Rademakers Kevin , Dmochowski Roger , Tarcan Tufan , von Gontard Alexander , Vrijens Desiree
Published: November 2019

Aims

Chronic urinary retention occurring in young women is poorly understood and a cause may not be found in a majority of cases. Different psychological comorbidities and functional neurological symptom disorders (FNDs) have been reported; however, these have been poorly explored.

Methods

At the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society meeting in 2019, a panel of clinicians generated a proposal to explore the relationship between psychological comorbidities, FNDs, and urinary retention in women with chronic idiopathic urinary retention.

Results

Psychological comorbidities such as depression and anxiety, and FNDs such as leg weakness and loss of consciousness, have been reported in women with idiopathic urinary retention. Individuals react differently to physical and emotional stressors, and experimental models have demonstrated a relationship between the stress response and developing urinary retention. Trauma, particularly sexual trauma, may be a shared risk factor for developing psychological comorbidities and urinary retention. Children with voiding postponement often suffer from psychological comorbidities and behavioral disturbances; however, there is no evidence to suggest that this progresses to urinary retention in adulthood. “Psychogenic urinary retention” has been described in the urology and psychiatry literature in the past, and anecdotal cases of successful voiding following psychotherapy have been reported, though the true pathophysiology of this entity is uncertain.

Conclusion

Psychological and functional disorder comorbidities are reported in women with chronic urinary retention. The nature of the association between urinary retention and functional neurological disorder comorbidities needs to be further explored in terms of a disorder of bladder‐brain interaction.
NNT‐AS1 enhances bladder cancer cell growth by targeting miR‐1301‐3p/PODXL axis and activating Wnt pathway
Authors: Liu Yunxing , Wu Guanlin
Published: November 2019

As a tumor involved in the urinary system, bladder cancer (BC) seriously threatens human health. Emerging as crucial biomarkers, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of many cancers. lncRNA NNT‐AS1 has been studied in a series of cancers, whereas its role and potential molecular mechanism was poorly understood in BC. Here, we found that NNT‐AS1 was upregulated in BC cells. Functionally, the silencing of NNT‐AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and endothelial‐mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the apoptosis of BC cells was induced upon NNT‐AS1 knockdown. Later, miR‐1301‐3p, the downstream gene of NNT‐AS1, was found at a low level in BC cells. In addition, we found that miR‐1301‐3p targeted to PODXL. PODXL expression downregulated in NNT‐AS1‐silenced cells was restored by miR‐1301‐3p inhibition. Importantly, NNT‐AS1 was discovered to activate Wnt pathway, and the treatment of LiCl recovered the repressive role of NNT‐AS1 silencing in BC cell growth. Through restoration assays, we observed that PODXL overexpressing countervailed NNT‐AS1 depletion‐mediated suppression on BC cell growth and Wnt pathway. These data suggested that NNT‐AS1 enhances BC cell growth and activates Wnt pathway by targeting miR‐1301‐3p/PODXL axis.
Multiple pigmentations in Laugier‐Hunziker‐Baran syndrome
Authors: Yamamoto Jun‐Ichiro , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Higo Morihiro , Endo‐Sakamoto Yosuke , Ogawara Katsunori , Sunohara Masataka , Shiiba Masashi , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Tanzawa Hideki
Published: November 2019

Laugier‐Hunziker‐Baran (LHB) syndrome is an acquired, macular hyperpigmentation of the lips, and oral mucosa, often associated with pigmentation of the nails, palms, and fingertips. LHB syndrome is considered to be a benign disease with no systemic manifestation or malignant potential. Normally, no treatment is required for this condition, unless for esthetic reason, mainly due to pigmentation on the lip mucosa. Here we present a case of LHB syndrome, 32‐year‐old male, whose pigmentations on his tongue, buccal mucosa, palate, and ventral surface of fingertip, diagnosed by clinical and dermoscopic findings.
A study on loan approval and non‐performing asset—Segment identification
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Parasar Ambudheesh
Published: November 2019

Nonperforming assets (NPAs) are a huge challenge infront of the Indian economy. Accumulating NPA is forming a burden and obstacle for economic growth. Financial institutions are struggling with nonperforming loans, and their efficiency is getting tremendously impacted. The aims of this study are to find out the critical factors for granting mortgage loan and to develop a formula that can help financial institutions in identifying and differentiating a possible loan defaulter from a non‐defaulter. The formula developed and the identification of defaulters could help in reducing NPA of financial institutions. Managers and loan approvers can use this model to grant loans to verified borrowers and can also keep an eye on their existing customers.
AtIRE1C, an unconventional isoform of the UPR master regulator AtIRE1, is functionally associated with AtIRE1B in Arabidopsis gametogenesis
Authors: Pu Yunting , Ruberti Cristina , Angelos Evan R. , Brandizzi Federica
Published: November 2019

The unfolded protein response (UPR), a highly conserved set of eukaryotic intracellular signaling cascades, controls the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in normal physiological growth and situations causing accumulation of potentially toxic levels of misfolded proteins in the ER, a condition known as ER stress. During evolution, eukaryotic lineages have acquired multiple UPR effectors, which have increased the pliability of cytoprotective responses to physiological and environmental stresses. The ER‐associated protein kinase and ribonuclease IRE1 is a UPR effector that is conserved from yeast to metazoans and plants. IRE1 assumes dispensable roles in growth in yeast but it is essential in mammals and plants. The Arabidopsis genome encodes two isoforms of IRE1, IRE1A and IRE1B, whose protein functional domains are conserved across eukaryotes. Here, we describe the identification of a third Arabidopsis IRE1 isoform, IRE1C. This protein lacks the ER lumenal domain that has been implicated in sensing ER stress in the IRE1 isoforms known to date. Through functional analyses, we demonstrate that IRE1C is not essential in growth and stress responses when deleted from the genome singularly or in combination with an IRE1A knockout allele. However, we found that IRE1C exerts an essential role in gametogenesis when IRE1B is also depleted. Our results identify a novel, plant‐specific IRE1 isoform and highlight that at least the control of gametogenesis in Arabidopsis requires an unexpected functional coordination of IRE1C and IRE1B. More broadly, our findings support the existence of a functional form of IRE1 that is required for development despite the remarkable absence of a protein domain that is critical for the function of other known IRE1 isoforms.
Cystic fibrosis in Canadian Hutterites
Authors: Pasterkamp Hans , Menzies Kathryn J. , Bayomi Dennis J.
Published: November 2019

Background

The Hutterite Brethren are a communal group of Anabaptists who live in the Western regions of North America, predominantly in the Western Canadian provinces. Due to a founder effect, Hutterites have a high rate of cystic fibrosis (CF) with genotypes limited to only two CFTR mutations. One‐third of Hutterite patients with CF are pancreatic sufficient. Previously we found an unexplained younger age at death in Hutterites compared with nonHutterites homozygous for the common F508del mutation. The present study expanded the data collection and analysis for confirmation and further exploration.

Methods

Anonymized information, based on Hutterite surnames, was extracted from the Canadian CF Registry. Summary data on nonHutterite patients with CF homozygous for F508del served as control. Statistical analyses explored the effects of genotype within Hutterites and compared nutritional status, lung function, and microbiologic findings between the groups.

Results

The younger average age at death in Hutterites compared with controls was confirmed, but there was no suggestion of a generally shortened life expectancy. While the nutritional status in Hutterite children was better than that of controls, their lung function was slightly but significantly lower.Staphylococcus aureuswas more frequent in Hutterites while there was no difference between the groups regardingPseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusions

Despite less pancreatic insufficiency, better nutrition, communal life in socioeconomic stability, and without exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, the clinical course of CF appears to be more severe in a significant number of Hutterites. Investigations of gene‐environment interactions and of CF disease gene modifiers may help to explain this conundrum.
Process Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Foamed SF‐3 Double‐Base Propellant
Authors: Tan Daquan , Wei Xiaoan , Zhang Di , Chen Feiyun , He Weidong , Wang Zeshan
Published: November 2019

The supercritical CO2 foaming process is a preferable way to treat deserted SF‐3 propellants and solves problems of environmental pollution and waste of resources related to conventional treatment methods, and this process is an environmentally friendly method. In this paper, the effect of process conditions, including the immersion time of deserted SF‐3 propellants in the supercritical CO2 fluid, on the appearance of SF‐3 propellants and detonation performance of the perfusion explosive made from SF‐3 propellants are mainly studied. The results show that the diameter of foamed SF‐3 propellants increases with the immersion time when the immersion time is less than 60 min. When the immersion time is 60 min, the performance of the perfusion explosive made from foamed SF‐3 propellants is the best. The highest detonation velocity is 6683 m s−1, and the corresponding shock wave energy is 1.02 kJ g−1. When the immersion time is more than 60 min, the detonation velocity and the shock wave energy of the perfusion explosive made from foamed SF‐3 propellants decreases with the increase of the immersion time.