bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective study on role of E-FAST in evaluation of abdominal trauma
Authors: Bhardava Vishalkumar , Panchal Ami , Jain Pranay , Shah Shaishavi
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Diagnosis of abdominal trauma is a real challenge that helps the treating doctor in optimum management of abdominal trauma which include Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), Extended-Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) and CT scan. Objectives: The aim of this study is to define the recent role of E-FAST in the diagnosis of abdominal trauma. Material and methods: Aim of the study is to evaluate patients coming to the department of Radiodiagnosis of Dhiraj General hospital with USG. Total number of patients are 50. Results: Out of 50 patients of abdominal trauma, 9 patients (22%) were in age group 21-30 years the commonest mode of trauma was road accident according for 54% of total cases. In this study, more commonly injured organs are liver, spleen and kidney. USG showed overall sensitivity 57.48% and specificity 97.77%. Conclusion: E-FAST is useful as the initial diagnostic tool for abdominal trauma. With proper training and understanding limitations of ultrasound, the results of E-FAST can be optimized.
Evaluation of bronchial inflammatory response via expression of NF-κB & IL-1β in mice airways by TAK-242 and LPS administration: Targeting TLR4/MD2 signalling pathway
Authors: Arora Swamita , Alam Sanjar , Naved Tanveer , Akram Wasim , Kalonia Harikesh , Gupta Sangeetha
Published: May 2022

Optimization of animal model of asthma via toll like receptors-4 (TLR4) activation for bacterial exacerbation of asthma. LPS contributes to asthma exacerbations. Ovalbumin protein sensitization & challenge were examined after LPS exposure. Present research aimed, TLR4 stimulation mediated TLR4/MD2 complex formation is inhibited by TAK-242, a newer compound, for bacterial asthma management in a mouse model. Swiss Albino mice were induced with OVA (10µg, i.p. and 50 µg, i.n.) and LPS (20 µg, i.p. and 4 µg, i.n.), stimulates TLR4 receptor mediated TLR4-MD2 complex formation in toxic groups. Animals were sensitized (i.p.) on 0, 7th and 14th day and challenged (i.n.) followed by TAK-242 treatment (0.1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg &10 mg/kg i.p.) given on 21st and 22nd days, followed by euthanasia and samples; BALF and lung tissue were collected on 23rd day. Further analysis such as total leukocyte count & differential leukocyte cell count, lung histopathology & immunohistochemistry of NF-κB, proteins like Interleukin-1β in BALF and lungs in toxic, treatment groups in comparison with control group were carried out. TAK-242 reduced TLC/DLC values in BALF, including eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, macrophage counts, lung histological alterations and immunohistochemical positivity of NF-κB and IL-1β proteins expression.
Extraction and characterization of cellulase from forest and compost soil fungal isolates for the application of straw degradation
Authors: Aweke Yidnekachew Kifle , Tasisa Buli Yohannis , Garoma Worku Dereje , Denbi Wasihun Berta
Published: May 2022

Cellulases are complex hydrolytic enzymes working synergistically on the hydrolysis of cellulolytic materials for the production of simple sugars. These enzymes have tremendous environmental, industrial and agricultural applications including enhancement of the degradability of lignocellulosic materials for cattle’s feed.  The aim of this study was to isolate fungus and extract cellulose enzyme from forest and compost soil samples and examine the extent to which these enzymes enhance the degradability of finger millet and oat straw for making palatable cattle’s feed.  Accordingly, a total of 53 fungal isolates were isolated from forest and compost soil. On 1% CMC media resulted 40% were cellulolytic fungal species. Six were selected based on their clear zone. These isolates belonged to the genera Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Penicillium based on their morphological characteristics. Cultivation of fungal isolates for cellulase production using submerged fermentation and Solid-state fermentation was undertaken through make the variation on their levels of different growth conditions such as temperature, pH, minerals and substrates. The results showed that the highest cellulase production i.e CMCase 83.12 ± 3.18 U/dL and FPase 44.51± 0.391FPU/dL were obtained from FSI6 in FMS supplemented SSF at 280C and a pH of 6.
Naive bayes machine learning framework for auto detection of spam mails
Authors: Soms Nisha , Hariharan S. , Jeeva K. , Karthick C.
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, Email spam is a major problem, with the increase usage of internet for product promotions, e-banking, e-loans, health related articles, movie news etc to users. Besides the people are practicing unwanted and unethical conduct as in phishing and mailing fraudulent information. Sending suspicious links through spam emails can harm our system and can also be sought after our system. Creating a fake user identity and email account is such easy for spammers. They pretend like a genuine entity in their spam emails and target those people who are not aware of these frauds. So, it is essential to identify those spam emails which are fraud. In this proposed work, we have applied machine learning algorithm to identify whether the incoming mail is spam or ham. This project will discuss how the Naive Bayes machine learning algorithm is applied on our data sets and how it has been selected for the email spam detection with the best precision and accuracy
causal relationship model of green logistics management and lean management affecting food and beverage industrial performance in Thailand
Authors: Chaitongrat Sarawut , Areerakulkan Natapat
Published: May 2022

This research aims to study the effect of green logistics management and lean management on environmental performance and industrial performance of food and beverage industry in Thailand. The research was designed as quantitative. The sample consisted of 430 food and beverage enterprises in Thailand. Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The findings revealed that green logistics management and lean management influence environmental performance and industrial performance of the food and beverage industry in Thailand at a statistical significance level of 0.05 with the statistical values of c2= 99.472, df = 83, p-value = 0.105, c2/df = 1.198, RMSEA = 0.022, RMR = 0.009, GFI = 0.976, AGFI = 0.945, CFI = 0.998, which can predict 77.80% of industrial performance. This indicates that that green logistics management and lean management can help improve performance of organizations and industries, enabling them to compete and survive in a dynamic business environment.  Not only do green logistics management and lean management help improve financial performance, but they also help protect the environment, leading organizations to develop sustainable growth.
Exploring Remote English Language Instruction Using the Communities of Inquiry Framework
Authors: Spitzer Linnea , Mulder Monika , Potts Bethany
Published: May 2022

Emergency remote instruction brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has required a substantial shift in teaching practice within American English programs. Although online learning in higher education has been widely researched, little is known about how to create a sustainable community of engaged learners in a remote language learning context. Using the Community of Inquiry (COI) framework, this case study investigated how one intensive English program adjusted to remote instruction, including whether teachers made substantive adaptions to support COIs in their courses. Results show that teachers changed their courses to include more structure and multimodal means of communication but struggled to facilitate social interaction and assess cognitive engagement of their students.
Geodorum Recurvum (Roxb.) Alston, a new distributional record for Southern Eastern Ghats of India
Authors: Prasad Kothareddy , Rao Boyina
Published: May 2022

The present communication reports Geodorum recurvum (Roxb.) Alston as a new distributional record for the Southern Eastern Ghats of India. Technical description, distribution and photographs are provided for the species.
Geodorum Attenuatum Griff. (Orchidaceae), a new record to the flora of India
Authors: Misra Sarat , Panda Sitaram , Nayak P. , Sahu D.
Published: May 2022

Geodorum attenuatum Griff., collected from the Niyamgiri Hills of Orissa, is described here as new record to the flora of India.
Neanotis Indica (DC.) Lewis Var. Deltoidea (Wall. Ex Wight and Arn.) Lewis (Rubiaceae - Hedyotideae): A new record for Kerala
Authors: Kumar N. , Antony V. , Krishnaraj M.
Published: May 2022

Neanotis indica (DC.) Lewis var. deltoidea (Wall.ex Wight & Arn.) Lewis, so far known from Tamil Nadu is now recorded to Kerala state. Detailed description with illustration is provided.
Message from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Harrington Ingrid
Published: May 2022

Message from the Editor-in-Chief
On some energy aspects of the monsoon depressions during its life cycle
Authors: RAJAMANI S , KULKARNI JR
Published: May 2022

Relative vorticity, energy terms, energy conversion terms and the transports of momentum and heat were computed for the period from 1. to 1.0 July 1.973, which covered the life cycle of a monsoon depression in older to study the energy exchange between the different components of the monsoon circulation and the transports of momentum and heat during strengthening and decaying period of the depression.

 

Interestingly, there were two depressions, one over the Bay of Bengal and the other over the Arabian Sea co-existing during this period. From this computational study it is inferred that whereas the system over the Bay of Bengal apparently formed simultaneously at all levels in the lower troposphere, the second system formed first at a higher level around 700 mb and then descended to the surface. Both zonal and eddy kinetic energy as well as the zonal available potential energy increased with the strengthening of the systems but there is no systematic change in the eddy available potential energy. Also, during this period the northward transport of the momentum in the entire troposphere and the southward transport of heat in the lower troposphere increased. In general, the eddies gained available potential energy from the zonal current whereas the zonal current gained kinetic energy in the lower levels and lost it in the higher levels.
Agroclimatic classification for assessment of crop potential And its application to dry farming tract of India
Authors: SARKER RP , BISWAS BC
Published: May 2022

To find out agroclimatic potential of a region, it is necessary to classify it into different agroclimatic zones. In this paper, a theory has been developed for agroclimatic classification on the basis of an index called 'Moisture Availability Index (MAI)’, which is defined as the ratio of assured rainfall to potential evapotranspiration. Three improvements have been made on earlier classifications. First, moisture availability index has been taken on weekly basis; second, minimum assured rainfall has been considered at different probability levels, and third, the different values of MAI and their duration have been taken as appropriate to various crop phases. The classification, however, has been recommended on the basis of moisture availability index at 50% probability level, which is considered to be an optimum value. The main classification has been further sub-divided depending upon the  length of water stress period.

The theory so developed has been applied first to the dry farming tract of India and then to Maharashtra.
An application of finite element technique or solving B.P.L equations
Authors: RAMANATHAN N , NATARAJAN R
Published: May 2022

In order to solve the differential equations of meteorological parameters finite difference method is used and fed to computers. In this paper finite element technique is used for the present result the solution of atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) equations. The results obtained by this solution, such a technique are comparable in accuracy with those obtained by finite difference method.
An urban diffusion model for Delhi using computer techniques
Authors: PADMANABHAMURTY B , GUPTA RN
Published: May 2022

A source oriented urban diffusion model for Delhi with area, elevated point and moving sources, based on the model developed by Hanna is utilised in obtaining spatial and temporal variations of SO2 concentrations, Average and maximum concentrations computed by the model fairly agreed with the monitored values.
Models for studying rice crop-weather relationship
Authors: AGRAWAL RANJANA , JAIN RC , JHA MP
Published: May 2022

Various models to study the effects of weather variables on rice yield at different

stages of crop growth and to forecast its yield for Puri district have been attempted.

 The results indicated that above average maximum daily temperature had beneficial effects during ripening stage; detrimental effects during reproductive stage of the crop while in the initial growth, active and lag vegetative phase effects were fluctuating. The effect of increase in minimum temperature, was beneficial during initial, lag vegetative and reproductive stages, detrimental during ripening stage and fluctuating during active vegetative stage. Above average relative humidity and rainfall had beneficial effects throughout the growth and detrimental effects during ripening phase of the crop in general. The effects of rainfall and increase in number of rainy days were fluctuating up to lag vegetative, beneficial during reproductive and detrimental during ripening stage of the crop. Effects of increase in sunshine hours were detrimental during initial growth, active vegetative and reproductive stages, fluctuating during lag vegetative and beneficial during ripening stage of the crop.
Distribution of Bowen ratio over the north Indian Ocean
Authors: RAO GRL , RAO MV , PRASAD PH , REDDY KG
Published: May 2022

The monthly averages of Bowen ratio over the North Indian Ocean have been computed. Three typical situations in the months of January, May and September are taken for the present study. Month to month differences in the Bowen ratio over the study region are found significant and discussed in relation to the monsoonal behaviour of summer as well as winter.
Probabilities of moisture adequacy index (Ima) for crop planning in Maharashtra
Authors: SAMBASIVARAO A , SUBRAMANIAM AR
Published: May 2022

For crop planning, the soil moisture availability in different agroclimatic lacations of Maharashtra is assessed from the computed probabilities of moisture adequacy index (Ima). The probabilities of .7 ma are obtained by adopting Beta function to the distribution of I. ma. The Ima probabilities thus obtained are examined for the moisture adequacy of crops in the region and the periods which need supplemental irrigation are identified.
The role of meteorological factors on the infestation of spotted bollworm of cotton
Authors: MASKE SJ , DUBEY RC , RONGHE JA
Published: May 2022

A statistical analysis of weekly mean meteorological factors like minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidities, sunshine hours, rainfall and seasonal index of the yearly   percentage infestation of spotted bollworm (earias spp.) in cotton crop grown at Surat in Gujarat State during 1962-80 is done by applying simple and multi-correlation regression techniques. Sunshine hours during squaring period, relative humidity and rainfall during flowering period, minimum and maximum temperatures at the time of boll formation play an important role in the infestation. Flower buds and bolls are most vulnerable parts of the crop. Heavy incidences occur in parts of west Uttar Pradesh, Vidarbha, Gujarat, north Interior Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh during months of September to November which is mostly boll-formation stage period lor the crop growth.
Daylight illumination from radiometric studies made at Pune
Authors: AGNIHOTRI RD
Published: May 2022

Actual measurements of daylight illumination- the radiant energy in the visible part of electromagnetic spectrum causing the sensation of sight are not being made in the network of radiation stations in India. Following the method discussed by Drummond and Angstrom, daylight illuminations have been derived from the global radiation measurements made at Pune during 1974 in the spectral ranges 300-400 nm and 710-2700 nm and the data presented. The importf!nt factor, luminous efficiency has also been worked out for Pune. The results are discussed.
Some synoptic aspects of the low level inversion over Arabian Sea during MONEX'79
Authors: SEN PN , DAS HP
Published: May 2022

Aerological observations over the Arabian Sea during the Summer Monsoon Experiment in 1979 show the presence of low level thermal inversion over the oceanic region prior to the onset, at the time of onset and at the established phase of the southwest monsoon. The thermal and moisture stratifications in the sub-inversion layer have been presented on the basis of thermodynamic chart. The spatial and temporal variations of the inversion layers as found from the dropsonde data coflected from the United States aircraft Convair 990, Electra and P-J, have been presented in the form of charts. The formation of inversion may be attributed mainly to the confluence of the cool moist air of oceanic origin and the dry warm air of continental origin.

When a synoptic disturbance approached the area, a moist tongue was seen to form in the sub-inversion layer. The formation of this sharp moisture gradient may be related to the vertical upward motion below the inversion. The profiles of static stability during this period show that the height of the base of inversion becomes higher with the increase of static stability parameter in the sub-inversion layer.

Vertical p-velocities have been calculated at different locations using the dropsonde data. The impact of the vertical p-velocity on the inversion layer at different phases of monsoon has been discussed.
The observed variability of the cooling and deepening of the mixed layer in the central Arabian Sea during Monsoon-77
Authors: RAO RR
Published: May 2022

Heat budget analysis of the mixed layer indicated that the surface cooling of 2.3 ° C in the central Arabian Sea with the onset and sway of the summer monsoon over five weeks during MONSOON- 77 was mostly due to the net ocean surface losses as compared with the contributions of entrainment and advection of colder waters. A major portion of the corresponding mixed layer deepening of 55 m is explained by the one dimensional forcing of surface cooling leading to convective turnover. Under the only forcing of surface net heat loss, simple prognostic calculations simulated the observed cooling with a r.m.s error of 0.1 °C in both the phases and deepening with the corresponding error of 2.8 m and 6.3 m in phases I and II respectively.
On development of a monsoon low over northwest India
Authors: GHOSH SK , PRASAD K , SARA SK
Published: May 2022

A case of an unusual formation of a monsoon low pressure area over Rajasthan and neigh-bourhood during its vertical structure and the associated rainfall resemble a typical monsoon depression. Development took place when a mid-tropospheric vortex moved in a southerly direction from the Jammu & Kashmir region and was superposed on the monsoon trough which had moved into Rajasthan due to movement of a Bay depression. The low developed as a downward propagaton of the mid-tropospheric vortex in a manner resembling the formation of a typical monsoon depression over the head Bay of Bengal. The low pressure area caused excessive rainfall over Rajasthan. The low showed an unusual movement initially in an easterly direction giving the impression of being a western disturbance, then in a westerly direction and finally in a southwesterly direction. The movement is examined with reference to the 200 mb flow over the area.
The estimation of surface fluxes from heat balance equation for the city of Delhi
Authors: KUMARI MANJU , SHARMA OP
Published: May 2022

Simplified empirical formulae have been used to compute radiative, soil heat, latent heat and sensible surface heat fluxes based on routine meteorological surface observations. These empirical formulae enable us to compute these fluxes without involving too many complicated input parameters. Computations have been performed for the four representative months of the season of a year for the city of Delhi. On comparison, net radiation and latent heat flux show good agreement with their observed values. Furthermore, a sensitivity test performed by varying turbidity the atmosphere shows that a two-fold increase in turbidity may cause a  change of 15-50 change of the net radiation at various times of the day.
Precipitation network design for mountainous catchment
Authors: KAUR SURINDER , UPADHYAY DS
Published: May 2022

The precipitation in mountainous region has higher spatial variability and the correlation r(s) between precipitation series recorded at two stations distant 's’ apart decreases with s at faster rate than in plain region. As such, a denser network would be desirable in mountains for the estimation of areal precipitation.

In this paper, the correlation approach to derive the variance of areal precipitation has been discussed and a procedure is outlined for evaluation of network density m respect of (a) flood forecasting events, (b) long term climatological purposes.

The scheme suggested has been illustrated for Beas catchment (area: 12509 km2) in Western Himalayas.
Rainfall intensity for local drainage design in Lucknow and its neighbouring area
Authors: KATHURIA SN , KAUR SURINDER , MEHRA AK
Published: May 2022

The primary object of this study is to analyse rainfall data for working out design storm estimates for the design of urban drainage system. The probable rainfall has been statistically estimated by analysing the rainfall data recorded by 24 ordinary raingauge (ORG) stations and 3 self recording rain gauge (SRRG) stationi1 falling in and around the area enclosed by 0.50 latitude and 0.50 longitude around Lucknow. The various aspects studied are :

(a) Temporal distribution of rainstorms over the said area and

(b) Depth duration frequency analysis of rain storms for durations upto (6 hours anti for 2 and 5 years return periods.
The effect of diabatic heating on the change of surface pressure
Authors: ABDELWAHAB MM
Published: May 2022

The equation of pressure tendency has been modified to consider the effect of atmospheric diabatic heating. The inclusion of heating shows a marked difference in estimated pressure for different altitudes. Thirtytwo cases of partially clear sky Conditions were examined. The layer 300/100mb seems to have the greatest effect on pressure variation.
Behavior of kinetic energy generation function ring a western disturbance in May 1982
Authors: GUPTA SC , MANDAL GS
Published: May 2022

The cross isobaric generation of kinetic energy which is define by the term is know as kinetic energy generation function. The zonal and meridian components of this faction were computed for the case of a western disturbance that caused widespread thunder activity over north India. The behavior of each component is studied in the horizontal and vertical direction over a fixed volume of the system. The results show that the increase (decrease) in the kinetic energy content of the system cannot be related to the positive (negative) contribution of the kinetic energy generation function.
A method to calculate evaporation and evapo- transpiration in Iraq
Authors: HASSAN HASSANA , AZAKI NATIQ , ISSA HALA
Published: May 2022

A method is presented to calculate potential evapotranspiration (PE), free surface water evaporation (E0) and pan evaporation (EPAN). The values of these parameters obtained show highly significant correlation and good agreement with the available actual measurements, The values obtained for these parameters by other different empirical formulae are found to be higher than the actual measurements.
Wave pattern observed in cellular clouds over the Arabian Sea
Authors: MISHRA DK , BASU BK
Published: May 2022

An unusual wave pattern was observed on 8 August 1985 in the western Arabian Sea within the field of closed cellular clouds. The individual bands in the wave pattern were 266 km to 345 km in length and were aligned normal to the lower tropospheric flow. The wave pattern had a wave length of 103.3 km and propagated eastward at a speed of 28.3 ms-1. The pattern appears to have formed due to shallow secondary circulation in the field of lateral and vertical wind shears within the low level jet.
The incidence of sugarcane stemborer at Anakapalle in relation to some meteorological elements
Authors: DUBEY RC , MASKE SJ , CHAVAN SP
Published: May 2022

The dependence of stemborer incidences on sugarcane crop upon the meteorological factors is well recognized. Therefore to explore the feasibility of meteorological forewarning of its attack, the statistical analysis of entomological and meteorological data for the years 1967-1980 from Anakapalle has been done and discussed in this paper. The simple and multiple linear regression techniques were used. An attempt is also made to delineate the approximate risky zone for stemborer attacks in India on the basis of qualitative pest data for the years 1954-1980 received from nearly 50 agrometeorological stations in India.
An evaluation of cyclone genesis parameter over the Bay of Bengal using model analysis
Authors: BHOWMIK S. K.ROY
Published: May 2022

The thermodynamical condition necessary for tropical cyclogenesis are commonly satisfied over most of the oceans while the dynamical conditions have large day to day variations. Zehr (1992) designed a parameter known as Genesis Parameter (GP) which involves three dynamical conditions of the environment. In this paper an intercomparison of Genesis Parameter associated with some recent developing and non-developing low pressure systems is made with a view to get an idea of its threshold value for the Bay of Bengal. Model analysis field at the resolution      1°  ´ 1° lat./long. is used for derivation of GP.  The study reveals that GP value around 20 ´ 10 –12 sec-2 against T. No. 1.5 has the potential to develop into a severe cyclonic storm.  Both for the Orissa super cyclone of October 1999 and the Bangladesh very severe cyclonic storm with core of hurricane winds of May 1997, GP attained its peak intensity at        T. No. 3.5.  There was a time lag of about  24-36 hours between GP max. and highest intensity of the system. It appears to provide useful predictive signals for the operational cyclone warning work.
Decaying nature of super cyclone of Orissa after landfall
Authors: KALSI S. R. , KOTAL S. D. , ROY BHOWMIK S. K.
Published: May 2022

An attempt has been made in this paper to study the nature of decay of maximum wind speed of Orissa Super Cyclone (October 1999) after landfall. From the scanty observations that became available in respect of this cyclone, it is found that the maximum wind speed decreased exponentially after landfall. The decay curve indicates that the maximum wind speed got reduced to a small but non zero value.  An empirical equation relating wind speed with time after landfall has been developed. The value of decay constant (per hour) is found to be 0.0991. The technique is also tested to predict the wind speed after landfall for the very severe cyclonic storm of October 1999 which made landfall near Gopalpur in Orissa in the mid night of 17 October 1999.  The wind speed estimated applying this technique is found to be consistent with the observations.
A study on north-east monsoon rainfall over India
Authors: KHOLE MEDHA , DE U. S.
Published: May 2022

The North-East (NE) monsoon is one of the important components of Indian climate system. The aerial extent of NE monsoon generally extends over south-eastern peninsular India. The following five meteorological sub-divisions of India viz. coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema, south interior Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu receive significant amount of rainfall during the NE monsoon. In the present study, using  a long period data series 1875-1997, the variability of NE monsoon rainfall over south-eastern peninsula and whole India, is studied. The association of NE monsoon rainfall with El-Nino and La-Nina years is also analysed. It is observed that, the NE monsoon rainfall, over the south-eastern peninsular India is higher (lower) than normal, during El-Nino (La-Nina) years. Also, the probability of NE monsoon rainfall over this region being excess or normal during El-Nino years is very high, 0.93.
Correlation structure of daily rainfall over Teesta catchment
Authors: SEETHARAM K.
Published: May 2022

In many scientific studies, the r-estimates were widely used to know the spatial distribution of daily rainfall in various weather situations.  In this present paper, the  cross - correlation analysis has been performed to understand the  variability of daily rainfall during monsoon months over Teesta catchment. For the purpose of study, ten station's daily rainfall data for the period 1995-2000 has been utilized. The analysis of estimated cross-correlation field entirely for four months of monsoon suggested that the rainfall area during the monsoon months extends up to 60-80 km distance in north-south, northnortheast-southsouthwest and 50 km in the remaining directions. The pattern of daily rainfall can best be represented as intersection of two ellipses, one with major axis in the direction of northnortheast-southsouthwest (75° N-80° N/115° S-100° S) and another with major axis in northnorthwest-southsoutheast (110° N-120° N/70° S-60° S) direction and are  seen traversing in the directions of major uplands. It is also found that the estimated correlation coefficients decreased with distance in all the directions other than in the directions major axes of elliptical patterns of spatial distribution of correlation coefficients and became insignificant beyond 50 km. It is also seen that in hilly regions of the catchment, the moisture feed is blocked further in northnortheast direction (65° N) due to presence of uplands southsouthwest of it.
Pattern of rainfall variability over dry farming zone of India and its agricultural implications
Authors: DAS H. P. , KORE P. A.
Published: May 2022

Using suitable rainfall criteria, beginning of monsoon rains suitable for crop sowing, cessation of rainy season from agricultural point of view and the peak values of the rainfall, have been determined and their spatial distribution studied.  Correlations of each of these parameters with time were computed to examine the possible trends. Association between number of rainy days and seasonal (monsoon)  rainfall with  time have also been attempted and discussed.  With a view to determine coherence in rainfall pattern in the dry farming region (DFR), an index has been devised from its  different sub-regions of the zone. Decadal analysis has also been done to see whether mean rainfall in a decade statistically differed from those in other decades.
A simple approach in assessing the impact of weather on rice yield in two rice growing seasons at Pattambi, Kerala
Authors: SAMUI R. P. , JOHN GRACY
Published: May 2022

A study was conducted with high yielding Jaya variety of rice grown during kharif and rabi seasons in sandy loam soil under rainfed and irrigated condition respectively at Pattambi. The analysis was based on a simple multiple regression technique for developing, the equation and then considering one element at a time as variable when other elements were considered constant. The study enables determination of response of Jaya variety yield to different ranges of weather parameters in kharif and rabi seasons.

 

Rainfall was found to be negatively correlated with yield in both the rice growing seasons when water requirement is fully met from rainfall or when it is grown under irrigated condition in rabi season. Very high rainfall in kharif or relatively high rainfall in rabi season were found detrimental causing reduction in rice yield in both\ the seasons. For both the seasons mean maximum and minimum temperature of 29° C and about 22° C appear ideal for optimum yield. More hours of bright Sunshine (³700 hours) during rabi season favoured higher rice yield where as yield remained more or less constant when the kharif rice experienced bright sunshine in the range of  300 to 500 hours.
Measurement of total ozone, D-UV radiation, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide with Brewer spectrophotometer at Maitri, Antarctica during 2000
Authors: KULANDAIVELU E. , PESHIN S. K.
Published: May 2022

The latest state-of-art equipment called Brewer Ozone  Spectrophotometer has been installed at Maitri, the permanent Indian Scientific Research Station, Antarctica in July 1999 to monitor total ozone, damaging part of ultra-violet radiation (D-UV), sulphur dioxide (SO­­­2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO­­­2). The  depletion of ozone and its fluctuation were monitored day by day during Antarctic spring season (August-October). The data collected during the year 2000 are analysed in this paper. The values of total ozone and D-UV are compared in each month. The sudden increase or decrease of D-UV confirms further depletion or recovery of ozone in the successive days during the spring season. The measurements confirm the existence of 'Ozone Hole' over Antarctica 2000. The measurements of SO­­­2 and NO­­­2 at Maitri show very low values.
Taxa de rotatividade e a nova regra para o aviso prévio
Authors: Triches Divanildo
Published: May 2022

O artigo tem o objetivo é avaliar o mercado formal das indústrias do segmento metal-mecânico os custos adicionais provocados pela nova regra para o aviso prévio. Os resultados mostraram que o mercado do emprego formal do segmento metal-mecânico brasileiro registrou um significativo crescimento na geração de postos de trabalho com uma taxa média anual superior 6,0% nos últimos seis anos. O mercado de trabalho caxiense detém 2,4% do total do país e 23,0% do estado, sendo o material de transportes tem liderado na demanda por trabalhadores dentre os segmentos. O nível mais elevado da taxa de rotatividade foi registrado no Rio Grande do Sul e em Caxias do Sul que se situou cerca de 35,0%, enquanto para o país foi de. 28,0%. O alimentador de linha de produção é que aparece com maior número de demissões, após é seguido pelo soldador. A maior parte das demissões que ocorreu nas empresas do setor foi pelo motivo de sem justa causa, quase um terço são por iniciativa própria dos empregados. Os custos adicionais ponderados pelo tempo de serviço do novo aviso prévio para empresas variam na faixa entre 31,40% a 59,43% se forem consideradas apenas as participações dos trabalhadores com custos adicionais.
Editorial
Authors: Camara Marcia Regina Gabardo da
Published: May 2022

No segundo volume de 2014 tivemos a colaboração de diversos autores que abordam a questão regional  no âmbito  econômico: exportações, emissões de dióxido de carbono, consumo de alimentos, política de preços mínimos,mercado de trabalho, consumo de bens culturais, importância do setor de etanol e petróleo e avaliação do Programa Bom Negócio no Paraná.
Analysis of Formalin Content in Fish Meatballs Traded in Lembang Market, West Bandung Regency
Authors: Haerani Ani
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Bakso adalah jenis makanan yang pada umunya berbentuk bulat berbahan mengandung protein yang dicampur dengan tepung tapioka yang dijumpai pada masakan Indonesia. Bakso ikan mudah mengalami pembusukan, oleh karena itu dilakukan pengawetan dengan zat kimia yaitu Formalin.

Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui kadar formalin pada bakso ikan yang diperjualbelikan di Pasar Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat.

Metode Penelitian: Penelitian menggunakan rancangan desktiptif. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 20 sampel bakso ikan dan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Uji yang digunakan adalah uji kualitatif dan uji kuantitatif.

Hasil: Sebanyak 1 sampel positif menggunakan formalin, dengan kadar rata-rata 1.4592 ppm dan sebanyak 19 sampel negatif tidak menggunakan formalin.

Kesimpulan: Masih terdapat bakso ikan di Pasar Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat yang mengandung formalin.
An agroclimatological approach of predicting kharif rice yield using daily rainfall data: A case study for Purulia district of West Bengal
Authors: ABHIJIT SAHA  , SIBAMOY DE
Published: May 2022

Total seasonal rainfall being mostly sufficient during the rainfed kharif rice- growing period in the Purulia district of West Bengal, the crop is subjected to frequent water stress due to its uneven distribution. To assess the effective part of the total rainfall for kharif rice a daily rainwater balance approach has been followed to estimate effective rainfall (ER) against a given total rainfall (TR) during July, August and September and its contribution to rice yield in the Purulia district Twenty years of historical rainfall database across 8 different locations along with 13 years of historical rice yield data were analysed. ER for rice varied from 63-66% during these three rice- growing months. Coefficient of variability of monthly TR was much higher than the ER for the same period. ER during August showed maximum degree of association with rice yield (r = 0.78*). Degree of association between ER and yield has been higher than that with TR and thus ER is a better predictor of rice yield than TR. Three different multiple regression equations were tried using components of this rainwater balance to predict rice yield; one equation involving ER corresponding to July, August and September is recommended for its maximum goodness of fit.
Planning, designing and construction of series of check dams for soil and water conservation in micro-watershed
Authors: D. T. MESHRAM  , V. V. APPA RAO  , A. K. SINGH  , B. G. BAGLE  , D. G. DHANDHAR
Published: May 2022

Planning, design and construction parameters of series of water harvesting structures were presented for 66.75 hectares in micro-watershed. Thematic maps were prepared for planning, design of various types of water harvesting structures in 1:5,000 scale on land use/land cover, soil with drainage status. The slope of the land varies from 0-5 per cent and slight, moderate and serve erosion classeswere observed.The total volume of water storage is 61,200 m3 at cost of 6.75/1000 liters, which also be estimated to protect 1607 m3 of productive soil from flowing out of the area. The series of check dam is found suitable for retaining productive soil and also to help in conservation of moisture for horticulture land.
Effect of temperature and rainfall on wheat yield in south western region of Punjab
Authors: HARPREET SINGH  , S. S. HUNDAL  , PRABHJYOT KAUR
Published: May 2022

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and rainfall on historical wheat yields in south western region of Punjab. The technology trend at Bathinda indicated that over the past 25 years wheat yields have increased at the rate of 82.1 kg ha-1 year-1. Maximum, minimum temperature and rainfall from December to March for each pentad years 1977-81 to 1997-2001 were analyzed.Temperatures during February and March revealed significant effects on wheat yield. The maximum temperature of 25.6 OC and minimum temperature of 10.8 OC during grain filling period resulted in highest yield of wheat. Compared to first pentad, the percent increase in average yield during second, third, fourth and fifth pentad was 9.7, 20.3, 49.4 and 60.3 percent, respectively. The grain yield revealed positive correlation with minimum temperature but no trends were observed for other parameters. The regression models are in good agreement between the observed and predicted values of wheat yield.
Weather based monitoring of male moths in pheromone trap and oviposition of Spodoptera litura on cotton in Gujarat
Authors: M. V. GEDIA  , H. J. VYAS  , M. F. ACHARYA
Published: May 2022

Field trials were conducted to study the effect of various weather factors on Spodoptera litura male moth catches in pheromone trap and their oviposition on cotton foliage during rainy and post rainy seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05. The male moths were active from July to January and attained five peak levels with three oviposition peak with highest moth catch and oviposition in 44th standard week.Maximum temperature and bright sunshine hour had significant positive while wind speed and rainfall had significant negative association with male moth catches in pheromone trap and oviposition on cotton foliage during both the years. The values of coefficient of determination (R2) indicated that various weather parameters caused significant variation (45.22 and 47.15 per cent) in S. litura male moth catches and oviposition, respectively.
Physiological response of wheat (Triticum durum L.) to limited irrigation
Authors: K. D. SHARMA  , R. K. PANNU
Published: May 2022

A field study was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2002-03 and 2003-04 on wheat genotypes. The main plots treatment consisted of three irrigation schedules viz., normal irrigation (Control), two irrigations at 45 and 85 DAS (limited irrigation) and no post sowing irrigation (rainfed) and in sub-plots five genotypes were grown namely WH 896, WH 912, WHD 935, WHD 936, PDW 233, Raj 1555. The restricted irrigation decreased the leaf water potential (LWP), canopy temperature depression (CTD), transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis significantly over irrigated control, while, significant increase was observed in plant water retention. Reduction in grain yield under rainfed condition was 23.4 per cent. Reduced irrigation application decreased the yield attributes with maximum reduction in number of grains per spike. Genotype PDW 233 yielded significantly higher than all other tested genotypes. It maintained higher plant water status and higher rate of photosynthesis than other genotypes.
Assessment of moisture stress using water requirement satisfaction index in kharif maize
Authors: G. JAYASREE  , D. LINGAIAH  , D. RAJI REDDY  , S.B.S. NARASIMHA RAO
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of moisture stress at different growth phases in maize using Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) during kharif 2004 at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) farm, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar. The experiment was laid out in RBD (Factorial) with four dates of sowing starting from onset of monsoon at 15 days interval and four “irrigation schedules” viz. irrigation as per water requirement, skipping of irrigation at vegetative, flowering stages and rainfed. Reduced yields were recorded when irrigation was withdrawn during reproductive phase. A significant positive correlation between WRSI and yield was observed (r = 0.79). Higher WUE was observed with skipping of irrigation at vegetative stage and in rainfed treatments.
Trends and variability in northeast monsoon rainfall over Kerala
Authors: K. N. KRISHNAKUMAR  , G.S.L.H.V. PRASADA RAO
Published: May 2022

Monthly rainfall over Kerala state showed an increasing tendency during October and November with a decrease in December. Such trend was more evident since 1961 onwards. Overall, over Kerala State, there was an increase of 96.7 mm in northeast monsoon rainfall over a period of time, indicating an increase of 20.1 per cent against the normal rainfall of 481.5 mm and significant at 5 per cent level. Rainfall during December was highly variable and undependable, which is of great concern in plantation crop production of the State of Kerala. As a whole, 34.0 per cent (46 years out of 135) of the years recorded either excess or deficit rainfall. The monthly rainfall range as well as its variability was less during excess rainfall years when compared to that of deficit rainfall years. The study also revealed that El Nino/La Nina events had weak teleconnection with excess/deficit northeast monsoon rainfall over Kerala.
Testing homogeneity, stationarity and trend in climatic series at Udaipur – a case study
Authors: DEEPESH MACHIWAL  , ARUN SHARMA
Published: May 2022

Three seasonal climatological time series, i.e., rainfall, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature of Udaipur in three seasons, i.e. summer, rainy and winter were tested for the presence of homogeneity, stationarity, and trend components. Box plot indicated normality in the rainy season rainfall. Minimum temperature series of rainy season was more uniform and normal than summer and winter season time series. Maximum temperatures during rainy season follow normal distribution. Homogeneity of seasonal time series was tested by using von-Neumann, Cumulative Deviations and Bayesian tests, which indicated that all seasonal rainfall and maximum temperature time series were homogenous. Homogeneity was present only in summer and rainy season minimum temperature time series. Stationarity and trends in the time series were detected by using Mann-Whitney test and Mann-Kendall test, respectively, which suggested that stationarity was present in all seasonal maximum and minimum temperature, and winter season rainfall time series and absent in summer and rainy season rainfall time series. Based on the results of Mann-Kendall tests, all the time series under study were free from any kind of trend.
Micro-meteorological variations and Rain water-use efficiency of a Silvi-pastoral system
Authors: A. S. RAO
Published: May 2022

The solar radiation disposition, soil moisture depletion pattern and rain water-use efficiency of a silvi-pastoral system at Jodhpur were studied during 2000 to 2003. Factorial combination of a pasture viz., Cenchrus ciliaris and a fodder shrub viz., Colophospermum mopane and with two trees viz., Hardwickia binata and Prosopis cineraria at two levels of nitrogen (No and N20) were tried. The intercepted insolation varied from 54 to 80% depending upon the leaf area index (0.65-1.40). The albedo varied from 20.3 to 24.4%. Soil moisture depletion was more in all fertilized than unfertilized plots of legume, grass and tree combination treatments. The rain water-use efficiency (WUE) was higher in fertilized plots of C. ciliaris (3.37-14.05 kg DM ha-1 mm-1) compared to unfertilized plots (2.65-9.71 kg DM ha-1 mm- 1) and it was highest in combination of grass and legume compared to sole components.
Assessment of production potential of rice with and without moisture stress in clayey soil using CERES-Rice model
Authors: SOMNATH CHOUDHURY  , ASRAS SASTRI  , R. SINGH  , S. R. PATEL  , DIWAKAR NAIDU
Published: May 2022

CERES-Rice model incorporated in DSSAT ver 3.5 was used to simulate the rice (var: IR 36) yields for the period 1973-2002. The input data required for running the model viz., soil and weather data were collected from the Departments of Soil Science and Agrometeorology of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur, respectively.

The results revealed that the potential yields of rice varied from 81.97 to 105.50 q ha-1 and 39.74 to 89.49 q ha-1 under irrigated and rainfed conditions respectively during the study period. If years of different rainfall situations were considered the yield reduction due to water stress under rainfed conditions ranged from 3.87 to 61.44 q ha-1 as compared to irrigated conditions indicating that under good rainfall conditions the rainfed rice yields are as good as irrigated rice yields.
Heat and radiation use of chickpea(Cicer arietinum L) cultivars under varying sowing dates
Authors: A. K. SINGH  , P. TRIPATHI  , SHABD ADHAR  , SHEO BARDAN
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rabi (winter) season of 2004-05 and 2005-06 to study the heat and radiation use of chickpea cultivar in sandy loam soil at Faizabad,(Uttar Pradesh, India). The experiment consisted of three sowing dates viz sowing on Oct 20, Nov 05 and November 20 with four varieties viz. K-850, Awarodhi, Uday and Radhey. Results revealed that sowing on Nov 05 produced significantly higher yield attributes as well as related higher heat and radiation use efficiencies. The dry matter accumulation and number of branches/plant were higher in K-850 followed by Radhey while their lower values were obtained in Uday variety of Chickpea. Day temperature was highly correlated (R2=0.79) with dry matter than night temp. (R2=0.68). Highest dry matter was recorded at day temperature 29.4 oC, night temp. 22.4 oC and average temp. 25.9 oC.