bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traveling sayings as carriers of philosophical debate: From the intertextuality of the *Yucong 語叢 to the dynamics of cultural memory and authorship in Early China
Authors: Krijgsman Rens
Published: February 2014

This article presents an analysis and a typology of traveling sayings commonly encountered in Early Chinese texts. Building on examples from both excavated and transmitted texts, and focusing on the Guodian *Yucong 1–3 in particular, it argues that some of these sayings travel from text to text because they were more likely to be remembered and transmitted than others. Much like the Wanderanekdote and lines from the Odes, these traveling sayings appear in alternated form across a variety of early texts. They were remembered because they provide a brief, highly structured and esthetically pleasing expression of an important philosophical problem. As a common resource in the cultural memory of Early China, traveling sayings were adapted to meet different argumentative agendas and tapped into a wide network of remembered, intertextual, associations to imbue them with meaning. I argue that the different ways in which these sayings were integrated into arguments, either through adaptation or by using definitions, reveal differences in interpretive strategy and changes in the mode in which early authors engaged with cultural memory. The paper concludes with implications for the study of early collections and the conceptualization of authorship and audience in Early China.
What is “rhetoric” anyway? Briared in words in Early China
Authors: Indraccolo Lisa
Published: February 2014

The present article explores the applicability of the term “rhetoric” in a non-Western context and, in particular, the legitimacy of such an attempt in the case of Early China, where the Warring States period is traditionally considered as the golden age of early Chinese “rhetoric”. The pre-imperial and early imperial received literature provides good evidence for the employment of a well-established and clearly defined set of argumentative techniques in everyday political practice in ancient China. No handbook on such techniques has been handed down, and a proper term to define them as part of a broader, more structured activity that could match Western “rhetoric” does not appear until the medieval period. The article argues, however, that by applying a more fluid concept of “rhetoric” and by extending its scope beyond and across cultural boundaries it is not only possible but also legitimate to a certain extent to talk about a rhetorical tradition in the case of ancient China as well.
The importance of iron in the biosynthesis and assembly of [NiFe]-hydrogenases
Authors: Pinske Constanze , Sawers R. Gary
Published: February 2014

[NiFe]-hydrogenases (Hyd) are redox-active metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen to protons and electrons. These enzymes are frequently heterodimeric and have a unique bimetallic active site in their catalytic large subunit and possess a complement of iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters for electron transfer in the small subunit. Depending on environmental and metabolic requirements, the Fe-S cluster relay shows considerable variation among the Hyd, even employing high potential [4Fe-3S] clusters for improved oxygen tolerance. The general iron sulfur cluster (Isc) machinery is required for small subunit maturation, possibly providing standard [4Fe-4S], which are then modified as required in situ. The [NiFe] cofactor in the active site also has an iron ion to which one CO and two CN- diatomic ligands are attached. Specific accessory proteins synthesize these ligands and insert the cofactor into the apo-hydrogenase large subunit. Carbamoyl phosphate is the precursor of the CN- ligands, and recent experimental evidence suggests that endogenously generated CO2 might be one precursor of CO. Recent advances also indicate how the machineries responsible for cofactor generation obtain iron. Several transport systems for iron into bacterial cells exist; however, in Escherichia coli, it is mainly the ferrous iron transporter Feo and the ferric-citrate siderphore system Fec that are involved in delivering the metal for Hyd biosynthesis. Genetic analyses have provided evidence for the existence of key checkpoints during cofactor biosynthesis and enzyme assembly that ensure correct spatiotemporal maturation of these modular oxidoreductases.
Fréchet algebraic deformation quantization
of the Poincaré disk
Authors: Beiser Svea , Waldmann Stefan
Published: February 2014

Starting from formal deformation quantization we use an explicit
formula for a star product on the Poincaré disk

𝔻
n

$\mathbb {D}_n$

to
introduce a Fréchet topology making the star product
continuous. To this end a general construction of locally convex
topologies on algebras with countable vector space basis is
introduced and applied. Several examples of independent interest
are investigated as, e.g., group algebras over finitely generated
groups and infinite matrices. In the case of the star product on

𝔻
n

$\mathbb {D}_n$

the resulting Fréchet algebra is shown to have many
nice features: it is a strongly nuclear Köthe space, the symmetry
group

SU
(
1
,
n
)

$\mathrm {SU}(1, n)$

acts smoothly by continuous
automorphisms with an inner infinitesimal action, and evaluation
functionals at all points of

𝔻
n

$\mathbb {D}_n$

are continuous
positive functionals.
Intrinsic signs and lower bounds in real algebraic geometry
Authors: Okonek Christian , Teleman Andrei
Published: February 2014

A classical result due to Segre states that on a real cubic surface in

ℙ
ℝ
3

$\mathbb {P}^3_\mathbb {R}$

there exist two kinds of real lines: elliptic and
hyperbolic lines. These two kinds of real lines are defined in an intrinsic
way, i.e., their definition does not depend on any choices of orientation data.
Segre's classification of smooth real cubic surfaces also shows that any such
surface contains at least 3 real lines. Starting from these remarks and
inspired by the classical problem mentioned above, our article has the
following goals: (a) We explain a general principle which leads to lower bounds in real
algebraic geometry. (b) We explain the reason for the appearance of intrinsic signs in the
classical problem treated by Segre, showing that the same phenomenon occurs in
a large class of enumerative problems in real algebraic geometry. (c) We illustrate these principles in the enumerative problem for real lines in
real hypersurfaces of degree

2
m
-
3

$2m-3$

in

ℙ
ℝ
m

$\mathbb {P}^m_\mathbb {R}$

.
Ideals of generalized invariants, local cohomology and Macaulay's double duality theorem
Authors: Smith Larry
Published: February 2014

We show how to compute a Macaulay dual class in local cohomology

H
𝔪
n

(
𝔽

[
V
]

)

$\hspace*{-0.56905pt}H^n_\mathfrak {m}(\mathbb {F}[V])\hspace*{-0.85358pt}$

for an given ideal

I
(
𝒮
)
⊂
𝔽
[
V
]

$I(\mathcal {S}) \subset \mathbb {F}[V]$

of generalized invariants
associated to a set of reflections

𝒮
⊂
GL
(
n
,
𝔽
)

$\mathcal {S} \subset \text{GL}(n, \mathbb {F})$

that generate a
finite subgroup

G
(
𝒮
)
≤
GL
(
n
,
𝔽
)

$G(\mathcal {S}) \le \text{GL}(n, \mathbb {F})$

. We then apply this in the case
that the coinvariant algebra

𝔽

[
V
]

G
(
𝒮
)

$\mathbb {F}[V]_{G(\mathcal {S})}$

is a
fixed point free Poincaré duality algebra to obtain a
Macaulay dual for the Hilbert ideal

𝔥
(
G
(
𝒮
)
)

$\mathfrak {h}(G(\mathcal {S}))$

of

G
(
𝒮
)

$G(\mathcal {S})$

.
Decomposition theorems for QK
spaces and applications
Authors: Wulan Hasi , Zhou Jizhen
Published: February 2014

Decomposition theorems for QK
spaces of analytic functions are
established. As an application, we give a characterization of
interpolation by functions in QK
spaces.
On the topology of spaces of partial and local maps
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Piotr , Nowak-Przygodzki Piotr
Published: February 2014

We prove the exponential law for partial and local maps.
A topological approach to the nilpotent multipliers of a free product
Authors: Mashayekhy Behrooz , Mirebrahimi Hanieh , Vasagh Zohreh
Published: February 2014

In this paper, using the topological interpretation of the Baer invariant

𝒱
M
(
G
)

$\mathcal {V}M(G)$

of a group G with respect to an arbitrary variety

𝒱

$\mathcal {V}$

, we extend a result of Burns and Ellis [Math. Z. 226 (1997), 405–428] on the second nilpotent multiplier of a free product of two groups to the c-nilpotent multipliers for all

c
≥
1

$c\ge 1$

. In particular, we show that

M

(
c
)

(
G
*
H
)

≅

M

(
c
)

(
G
)

⊕

M

(
c
)

(
H
)

$M^{(c)}(G\ast H)\cong M^{(c)}(G)\oplus M^{(c)}(H)$

when G and H are finite groups with some conditions or when G and H are two perfect groups.
On some real-valued step-functions with strange measurability properties
Authors: Kharazishvili Alexander B.
Published: February 2014

We analyze Sierpiński's example of a real-valued Lebesgue measurable
function on

ℝ

$\mathbb {R}$

which is not bounded from above by any
real-valued Borel function. In this context, some real-valued step-functions
with analogous properties are discussed.
Competency of Monte Carlo and Black–Scholes in pricing Nifty index options: A vis-à-vis study
Authors: Singh Vipul Kumar
Published: February 2014

This paper endeavors to evaluate the computational competency of Monte Carlo in option pricing.
The paper compares the price effectiveness of four variants of Monte Carlo, namely variance reduction, Antithetic, IQ, and the Quasi-Monte Carlo, with the classical Black–Scholes model, for the most recent disturbed phase of the economy.
To test the quality of variants of Monte Carlo and Black–Scholes this paper uses, as input to the model, three
well-known techniques of implied volatility, at-the-money (ATM), volatility index (VIX) and parametric implied volatility (IV).
This enables both objectives to be realized simultaneously, and sheds light on the forecasting capabilities of implied volatilities.
The research shows that Monte Carlo with parametric implied volatility gives the best performance.
Empirical tests show no significant difference between variants of Monte Carlo, nor any effect from the quality of the input parameters.
Synthesis of Bendable Plasticized Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte
Using Poly(Acrylonitrile)/Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Polymer Blends
Authors: Flora Xavier Helan , Ulaganathan Mani , Kesavan Karuppiah , Rajendran Somasundaram
Published: February 2014

A class of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPE) with high ionic
conductivity was prepared by blending of poly(acrylonitrile) and
poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers. Lithium
bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (LiN(CF3SO2)2), Ethylene
carbonate (EC), Barium titanate (BaTiO3) was used as ionic salt,
plasticizers and ceramic filler, respectively. Role of inorganic
ceramic filler on structural and ionic conductivity of the polymer
electrolyte was investigated for various concentrations of
BaTiO3 filler. The structural elucidation, complex formation of
the prepared electrolytes is ascertained from XRD, FTIR analysis. All
the samples were subjected to complex ac impedance analysis for
obtaining the bulk resistance of the composite electrolytes. It was
found that the sample containing 10 wt. % of filler showed
maximum ionic conductivity than the other samples. Thermal stability
and surface morphology of the composite polymer electrolytes were also
examined by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron
microscope, respectively.
Dissecting adipose tissue lipolysis: molecular regulation and implications for metabolic disease
Authors: Nielsen Thomas Svava , Jessen Niels , Jørgensen Jens Otto L , Møller Niels , Lund Sten
Published: February 2014

Lipolysis is the process by which triglycerides (TGs) are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol. In adipocytes, this is achieved by sequential action of adipose TG lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and monoglyceride lipase. The activity in the lipolytic pathway is tightly regulated by hormonal and nutritional factors. Under conditions of negative energy balance such as fasting and exercise, stimulation of lipolysis results in a profound increase in FFA release from adipose tissue (AT). This response is crucial in order to provide the organism with a sufficient supply of substrate for oxidative metabolism. However, failure to efficiently suppress lipolysis when FFA demands are low can have serious metabolic consequences and is believed to be a key mechanism in the development of type 2 diabetes in obesity. As the discovery of ATGL in 2004, substantial progress has been made in the delineation of the remarkable complexity of the regulatory network controlling adipocyte lipolysis. Notably, regulatory mechanisms have been identified on multiple levels of the lipolytic pathway, including gene transcription and translation, post-translational modifications, intracellular localization, protein–protein interactions, and protein stability/degradation. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the field of AT lipolysis with particular focus on the molecular regulation of the two main lipases, ATGL and HSL, and the intracellular and extracellular signals affecting their activity.
Diethylstilbestrol decreased adrenal cholesterol and corticosterone in rats
Authors: Haeno Satoko , Maeda Naoyuki , Yagi Takeshi , Tahata Sachi , Sato Michiko , Sakaguchi Kanako , Miyasho Taku , Ueda Hiromi , Yokota Hiroshi
Published: February 2014

The synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES), which is known to bind oestrogen receptors (ERs), has been reported to have adverse effects on endocrine homeostasis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. In this study, we treated rats with DES and found high levels of this compound in the liver, adrenal glands and pituitary gland, as compared with other tissues. We have also detected early adverse effects of DES in the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands of rats treated with DES (340 μg/kg body weight every 2 days) for 2 weeks showed increased weight and size and a decreased fat droplet size. Following 1 week of treatment with DES, the blood and adrenal corticosterone levels were substantially decreased without any histological alterations. The levels of the precursors for corticosteroid biosynthesis in the adrenal glands were also decreased, as determined using mass spectroscopy. Cholesterol, the principal material of corticosteroid biosynthesis, decreased substantially in the adrenal glands after only 1 week of treatment with DES. In conclusion, cholesterol insufficiency results in a reduction in adrenal corticosterone biosynthesis, which may lead to endocrine dysfunction, such as reproductive toxicity.
Sexual dimorphism and thyroid dysfunction: a matter of oxidative stress?
Authors: Fortunato Rodrigo S , Ferreira Andrea C F , Hecht Fabio , Dupuy Corinne , Carvalho Denise P
Published: February 2014

Thyroid diseases, such as autoimmune disease and benign and malignant nodules, are more prevalent in women than in men, but the mechanisms involved in this sex difference is still poorly defined. H2O2is produced at high levels in the thyroid gland and regulates parameters such as cell proliferation, migration, survival, and death; an imbalance in the cellular oxidant–antioxidant system in the thyroid may contribute to the greater incidence of thyroid disease among women. Recently, we demonstrated the existence of a sexual dimorphism in the thyrocyte redox balance, characterized by higher H2O2production, due to higher NOX4 and Poldip2 expression, and weakened enzymatic antioxidant defense in the thyroid of adult female rats compared with male rats. In addition, 17β-estradiol administration increasedNOX4mRNA expression and H2O2production in thyroid PCCL3 cells. In this review, we discuss the possible involvement of oxidative stress in estrogen-related thyroid pathophysiology. Our current hypothesis suggests that a redox imbalance elicited by estrogen could be involved in the sex differences found in the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions.
Signatures of Sex-Antagonistic Selection on Recombining Sex Chromosomes
Authors: Kirkpatrick Mark , Guerrero Rafael F
Published: February 2014

Sex-antagonistic (SA) selection has major evolutionary consequences: it can drive genomic change, constrain adaptation, and maintain genetic variation for fitness. The recombining (or pseudoautosomal) regions of sex chromosomes are a promising setting in which to study SA selection because they tend to accumulate SA polymorphisms and because recombination allows us to deploy the tools of molecular evolution to locate targets of SA selection and quantify evolutionary forces. Here we use coalescent models to characterize the patterns of polymorphism expected within and divergence between recombining X and Y (or Z and W) sex chromosomes. SA selection generates peaks of divergence between X and Y that can extend substantial distances away from the targets of selection. Linkage disequilibrium between neutral sites is also inflated. We show how the pattern of divergence is altered when the SA polymorphism or the sex-determining region was recently established. We use data from the flowering plant Silene latifolia to illustrate how the strength of SA selection might be quantified using molecular data from recombining sex chromosomes.
Patient Characteristics and Disposition After Pediatric Medical Emergency Team (MET) Activation: Disposition Depends on Who Activates the Team
Authors: Lobos Anna-Theresa , Fernandes Rachel , Ramsay Tim , McNally James Dayre
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

This study focused on health care staff (HCS) responsible for activating the medical emergency team (MET) at a pediatric tertiary hospital using a well-established rapid response system. Our goals were to report the patient characteristics, MET interventions, and disposition by activating HCS.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who received MET activation at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa, Canada. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained rapid response system database. The primary outcome was PICU admission, with the number and type of interventions performed as secondary outcomes.

Results:

The most common MET activators were physicians (410, 53.3%) with nurses generating a comparable number (367, 47.7%). Significant differences in PICU admission rates were observed between activator groups, with physicians having statistically higher PICU admission rates when compared with nurses (25.2% vs 15.0%, P = .001). Compared with physicians, nursing-led activations on surgical patients had significantly lower odds of PICU admission relative to medical patients (odds ratio 0.19 vs 0.67; P = .03). No significant difference was observed in the type or number of interventions between any subgroup based on patient (surgery vs medical) or activator type.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that when nurses activate MET, patients are less likely to be transferred to the PICU despite receiving similar type and number of interventions. Our study results may help direct education initiatives aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the afferent limb through informing specific HCS as to the importance of their role in using the MET.
Inpatient Hospitalizations for Croup
Authors: Narayanan Sridaran , Funkhouser Ellen
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

Croup is a common childhood respiratory illness that can result in hospitalization and significant morbidity. This study reviewed records of patients hospitalized with croup to determine characteristics associated with increased inpatient treatment and length of stay (LOS).

Methods:

Eligible patients were admitted between January 2006 and December 2010 and had discharge diagnosis of croup. Patients were included if they received either racemic epinephrine or systemic corticosteroids during their emergency department or hospital treatment. Patients were excluded for incomplete data on medication or vital signs timing. Hospitalization and treatment decisions were at the discretion of the treating physician.

Results:

The study analyzed 365 hospitalizations involving 327 patients, 72% male, 62% white, with median age of 16.7 months. Median LOS was 31.7 hours. Patients required racemic epinephrine treatments after hospitalization in 179 cases (49%; mean, 1.33 treatments; range, 0–13; median, 0), and 176 patients (48%) received a dose of systemic corticosteroids after hospital admission. Patients who required racemic epinephrine treatments after hospitalization were indistinguishable from those who did not, based on demographics, past history, or presenting vital signs. Patients with history of croup, history of intubation, or with oxygen saturation <95% on presentation all had increased LOS compared with those without these findings (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Fifty-one percent of patients hospitalized with croup did not require inpatient racemic epinephrine treatments. Those with lower oxygen saturations on presentation or past history of croup or intubation were more likely to have prolonged or complicated hospital course.
Electromagnetic interaction between a laser beam and semiconductor nanowires deposited on different substrates: Raman enhancement in Si Nanowires
Authors: Anaya J. , Jimenez J. , Rodriguez A. , Rodríguez T.
Published: February 2014

Raman scattering of Si nanowires (NWs) presents antenna effects. The electromagnetic resonance depends on the electromagnetic coupling of the system laser/NW/substrate. The antenna effect of the Raman signal was measured in individual NWs deposited on different substrates, and also free standing NWs in air. The one phonon Raman band in NWs can reach high intensities depending on the system configuration; values of Raman intensity per unit volume more than a few hundred times with respect to bulk substrate can be obtained.
Solution Processed Resistive Random Access Memory Devices for Transparent Solid-State Circuit Systems
Authors: Wang Yiran , Chen Bing , Liu Dong , Gao Bin , Liu Lifeng , Liu Xiaoyan , Kang Jinfeng
Published: February 2014

A solution-processed method is developed to fabricate fully transparent resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices with a configuration of FTO/ZrO2/ITO, where the zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) layer was firstly deposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate by sol-gel and then indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on ZrO2 layer by sol-gel as the top electrodes.The solution processed FTO/ZrO2/ITO based RRAM devices show the fully transparency and excellent bipolar resistance switching behaviors. The resistance ratio between high and low resistance states was more than 10, and more than 100 switching cycles and good data retention and multilevel resistive switching have been demonstrated.
Opinião de alunos de psicologia sobre o ensino em avaliação psicológica
Authors: Paula Alessandro Vinicius de , Pereira Arlete Santana , Nascimento Elizabeth do
Published: February 2014

Entre as práticas do psicólogo há a realização de avaliação psicológica. Inadequações em avaliações psicológicas podem refletir problemas na formação do psicólogo. Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que investigou, por meio de um questionário, opiniões sobre avaliação psicológica, enfatizando o uso de testes psicológicos, de 358 alunos que concluíam a graduação em psicologia de quatro faculdades de Belo Horizonte, MG. Os resultados evidenciam que os alunos receberam formação na área de avaliação psicológica, porém muitos a consideraram insuficiente. Eles conhecem testes psicológicos e reconheceram que estes apresentam problemas nos parâmetros psicométricos, sendo necessária a sua melhoria. A Resolução n.º 2/2003 do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que define critérios relacionados à produção e comercialização de instrumentos psicológicos no Brasil, é desconhecida por muitos alunos. Conclui-se pela necessidade de aperfeiçoamento da formação acadêmica do psicólogo visando à aquisição de habilidades suficientes para capacitá-lo ao exercício profissional de melhor qualidade na área em questão.
Measurement of contact soil pressure in physical modelling of soil–structure interaction
Authors: Talesnick Mark L. , Ringel Moti , Avraham Rachel
Published: February 2014

Meaningful measurement of contact soil pressure at the interface of a structural boundary has been a cause of frustration to experimentalists in the field of soil mechanics and soil–structure interaction. The difficulty stems from the fact that most sensing systems involve compliance, which induces a local redistribution of pressure in the soil mass. In effect, the attempt to monitor soil pressure ruins the measurement. The paper uses a concept called the ‘null soil pressure system’, which is an active sensing system requiring that the sensing element be continuously and stringently maintained in an un-deflected state. Results illustrate that the nulling pressure required to maintain the membrane in the un-deflected state is in a 1:1 ratio with the applied soil pressure, and is independent of soil type, particle size and particle arrangement. No hysteresis is noted between loading and unloading, and additional loading cycles align with that of the first loading cycle. Relevance of the system within the realm of physical modelling with/of granular soils is illustrated by considering: limitations on membrane deflection; limitations on sensor diameter relative to particle size; measurement of soil pressure on a structural interface while subjected to shear stress and relative shear displacement.
Climate change effects on northern Great Lake (USA) forests: A case for preserving diversity
Authors: Duveneck Matthew J , Scheller Robert M , White Mark A , Handler Stephen D , Ravenscroft Catherine
Published: February 2014

Under business as usual (BAU) management, stresses posed by climate change may exceed the ability of Great Lake forests to adapt. Temperature and precipitation projections in the Great Lakes region are expected to change forest tree species composition and productivity. It is unknown how a change in productivity and/or tree species diversity due to climate change will affect the relationship between diversity and productivity. We assessed how forests in two landscapes (i.e., northern lower Michigan and northeastern Minnesota, USA) would respond to climate change and explored the diversity‐productivity relationship under climate change. In addition, we explored how tree species diversity varied across landscapes by soil type, climate, and management. We used a spatially dynamic forest ecosystem model, LANDIS‐II, to simulate BAU forest management under three climate scenarios (current climate, low emissions, and high emissions) in each landscape. We found a positive relationship between diversity and productivity only under a high emissions future as productivity declined. Within landscapes, climate change simulations resulted in the highest diversity in the coolest climate regions and lowest diversity in the warmest climate region in Minnesota and Michigan, respectively. Simulated productivity declined in both landscapes under the high emissions climate scenario as species such as balsam fir (Abies balsamea) declined in abundance. In the Great Lakes region, a high emissions future may decrease forest productivity creating a more positive relationship between diversity and productivity. Maintaining a diversity of tree species may become increasingly important to maintain the adaptive capacity of forests.
A Survey: How Periodontists and Other Dental Professionals View the Scope of Periodontics
Authors: Chang Peter K. , Hall Joshua , Finkelman Matthew , Park Angel , Levi Paul A.
Published: February 2014

Background: How do periodontists think of themselves when they define their practices? How do other dental professionals view the scope of the specialty of periodontology? A strong component of periodontal residency programs is extracting teeth and preserving or building bony ridges for the eventual placement of implants. Has the discipline of periodontology moved away from retaining and treating the natural dentition? By the use of a rank‐order survey, the practice of periodontology was defined by periodontists and other dental professionals.

Methods: In a pilot study, respondents were asked to list the answers to the question, “What is a periodontist?” The results were consolidated into eight statements. The eight statements were placed into an anonymous rank‐order survey, and more than 1,200 responses were returned. The responses primarily came from periodontists, hygienists, general practitioners, dental students, and dental hygiene students.

Results: “Periodontists surgically treat advanced gum and bone infection problems” was considered the most important statement in all of the cohorts. The least important statement considered by all was, “Periodontists are educators promoting health.” Non‐periodontist dentists (NPDs) ranked the statement, “Periodontists perform dental implants and related procedures” less importantly (P <0.001) than the periodontists. The non‐periodontist cohort (NPC), which includes NPDs and dental hygienists, ranked the statement, “Periodontists’ treatments help general dentists and other specialists increase successful therapeutic outcomes” as second most important.

Conclusions: The results of this survey indicate that periodontists ranked the placement of implants and their related procedures higher than the NPC. NPDs appear to value periodontists in treating the natural dentition for their patients. The NPC appreciates that periodontal therapy done by periodontists increases their therapeutic success for their patients.
Mobile Sociologies of Education
Authors: Landri Paolo , Neumann Eszter
Published: February 2014

This special issue of the European Educational Research Journal collects articles from the sessions organised by the newly launched sociologies of education network (network 28) of the European Education Research Association (EERA) at the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) held in 2012. Scholars who contributed to the sessions as presenters or commenters from the audience argued that there is a need to reconsider the methodologies, missions and the traditional themes of the sociology of education in an era when the institutions of education and learning practices are being profoundly re-shaped by the processes of globalisation. A core part of this reflection is to expand sociological imagination and to think beyond fixed and nation-state bound categories in which sociology of education had traditionally understood education, policy and society. This issue collects articles that have, to lesser or greater extent, gained inspiration from the Latourian version of actor-network theory (ANT) and experiment with socio-material understanding of educational processes because they all argue that many newly emergent education policy and practice phenomena can be better grasped as a genuinely fluid, networked and mobile process. While the articles all engage with the idea of developing a mobile sociology of education, they altogether do not attempt to offer a homogeneous programme but rather invite the readers for discussion about renewing the sociological vocabulary and for reflection on the potentials of a new perspective sensitive of mobilities and assemblages.
A Situated Model of Creative Learning
Authors: Tanggaard Lene
Published: February 2014

This article puts forward a situated model of creative learning. Most educational studies on creativity tend to concentrate on explaining the relation between teaching and creativity while keeping learning as a secondary concept. However, it has been stated that it is likely that teaching creatively leads to creative learning, suggesting that there is a need to describe the concept of creative learning and to analyse its possible constituents. Accordingly, this presentation introduces an empirically based and theoretically informed model of a creative learning community. The model is based on three key concepts or learning principles which can take different forms in particular settings and social practices. These are respectively: (1) Immersion in the topic of interest, in traditions and in the subject matter, (2) Experimentation and inquiry learning and (3) Resistance from the material of interest. As a theoretical point of departure, this presentation will outline a situated model of creativity and learning, and following this, will introduce a model of creative learning. This presentation will include several empirical examples. In the final part, the model will be discussed in relation to the concept of creative teaching.
Distal and Proximal Vision: A Multi-Perspective Research in Sociology of Education
Authors: Giancola Orazio , Viteritti Assunta
Published: February 2014

Drawing inspiration from the research conducted in Italian schools involved in the reform process, the article proposes to investigate two visions in the research on Sociology of Education: one distal and the other proximal. The distal vision is offered by quantitative research nowadays supported by extensive public funding and framed as comparative international programmes, while the proximal one concerns mainly qualitative methodological and epistemology perspectives. In an attempt to bring the strengths of each into focus, the article approaches these two visions.
On the Composition of Academic Work in Digital Times
Authors: Decuypere Mathias , Simons Maarten
Published: February 2014

Over the last two decades, a sense of awareness has arisen that universities are facing important challenges. This article focuses on the challenge that could be broadly termed as ‘the digitisation of academic work’, yet without assuming that this digitisation would be an explanatory factor clarifying the precise nature of contemporary academic work. On the contrary, and adopting a relational actor-network theory (ANT) approach, this article stresses the concrete composition of academic work without making any general presumptions regarding how the university looks at present. Furthermore, by introducing a specific interview technique as methodological approach and different visualisations as (qualitative) analytical approach, this article offers a threefold exploratory textual and visual analysis of academic practice in the making. The article concludes, firstly, that it makes not much sense any more to talk about academic practice in terms of humans or non-humans, material or digital, etc. Instead, perhaps it makes more sense to speak of actors in academic practice as being humandigital. Secondly, the article concludes that sociomaterial approaches might constitute a fruitful addition to more traditional research about the university that is inclined to focus on epochal changes that are suggested or expected to alter the position of academics and the university.
Renewing Sociology of Education? Knowledge Spaces, Situated Enactments, and Sociological Practice in a World on the Move
Authors: Seddon Terri
Published: February 2014

Sociology of education is caught in a dilemma. The study of education and society that unfolded through the twentieth century produced educational vocabularies that spoke into education policy and practice about inequality and social justice. Now that sociologically informed educational discourse is marginalised by individualistic economic-psychological vocabularies that read inequality as individual deficits and aspirations. The question is, how can sociology of education speak into contemporary educational knowledge and construct vocabularies that re-open dialogue about social justice? In this article, the concept of ‘knowledge space’ is used to understand the situated enactment of sociological practice that disciplines sociological knowledge about education. A mobile methodology is used to report on three knowledge spaces that locate sociological practice and frame sociological knowledge. The article argues that global transitions have re-scaled and re-ordered the relation between the sovereign and governmental spatial powers that previously centred education. These shifts trouble education and its perceived applications, and also divide national from supra-national sociologies of education. Reconciling these sociologies requires studies of intersecting spaces, scales and the mobilities that fabricate educations and societies. It demands explicit attention to methodological choices, but also offers spaces of possibilities for renewing sociology of education as a powerful discourse.
The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Vascular Complications and Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Blomster Juuso I. , Zoungas Sophia , Chalmers John , Li Qiang , Chow Clara K. , Woodward Mark , Mancia Giuseppe , Poulter Neil , Williams Bryan , Harrap Stephen , Neal Bruce , Patel Anushka , Hillis Graham S.
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of mortality and coronary artery disease. The relationship between cardiovascular health and alcohol use in type 2 diabetes is less clear. The current study assesses the effects of alcohol use among participants in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The effects of alcohol use were explored using Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. The study end points were cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke), microvascular complications (new or worsening nephropathy or retinopathy), and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

During a median of 5 years of follow-up, 1,031 (9%) patients died, 1,147 (10%) experienced a cardiovascular event, and 1,136 (10%) experienced a microvascular complication. Compared with patients who reported no alcohol consumption, those who reported moderate consumption had fewer cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.83; 95% CI 0.72–0.95; P = 0.008), less microvascular complications (aHR 0.85; 95% CI 0.73–0.99; P = 0.03), and lower all-cause mortality (aHR 0.87; 96% CI 0.75–1.00; P = 0.05). The benefits were particularly evident in participants who drank predominantly wine (cardiovascular events aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63–0.95, P = 0.01; all-cause mortality aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.95, P = 0.02). Compared with patients who reported no alcohol consumption, those who reported heavy consumption had dose-dependent higher risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with type 2 diabetes, moderate alcohol use, particularly wine consumption, is associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
Evaluations of the Psychometric Properties of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes among a Sample of Young French Table Tennis Players
Authors: Martinent Guillaume , Decret Jean-Claude , Filaire Edith , Isoard-Gautheur Sandrine , Ferrand Claude
Published: February 2014

This study used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) among a sample of young French table tennis players to test: (a) original 19-factor structure, (b) 14-factor structure recently suggested in literature, and (c) hierarchical factor structure of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ–Sport). 148 table tennis players completed the RESTQ–Sport and other self-report questionnaires between one to five occasions with a delay of 1 mo. between each completion. Results of CFAs showed: (a) evidence for relative superiority of the original model in comparison to an alternative model recently proposed in literature, (b) a good fit of the data for the 67-item 17-factor model of the RESTQ–Sport, and (c) an acceptable fit of the data for the hierarchical model of the RESTQ–Sport. Correlations between RESTQ–Sport subscales and burnout and motivation subscales also provided evidence for criterion-related validity of the RESTQ–Sport. This study provided support for reliability and validity of the RESTQ–Sport.
Facilitating Role of 3D Multimodal Visualization and Learning Rehearsal in Memory Recall
Authors: Do Phuong T. , Moreland John R.
Published: February 2014

The present study investigated the influence of 3D multimodal visualization and learning rehearsal on memory recall. Participants ( N = 175 college students ranging from 21 to 25 years) were assigned to different training conditions and rehearsal processes to learn a list of 14 terms associated with construction of a wood-frame house. They then completed a memory test determining their cognitive ability to free recall the definitions of the 14 studied terms immediately after training and rehearsal. The audiovisual modality training condition was associated with the highest accuracy, and the visual- and auditory-modality conditions with lower accuracy rates. The no-training condition indicated little learning acquisition. A statistically significant increase in performance accuracy for the audiovisual condition as a function of rehearsal suggested the relative importance of rehearsal strategies in 3D observational learning. Findings revealed the potential application of integrating virtual reality and cognitive sciences to enhance learning and teaching effectiveness.
Sport Fans: Evaluating the Consistency between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Favorite and Rival Teams
Authors: Wenger Jay L. , Brown Roderick O.
Published: February 2014

Sport fans often foster very positive attitudes for their favorite teams and less favorable attitudes for opponents. The current research was designed to evaluate the consistency that might exist between implicit and explicit measures of those attitudes. College students (24 women, 16 men) performed a version of the Implicit Association Test related to their favorite and rival teams. Participants also reported their attitudes for these teams explicitly, via self-report instruments. When responding to the IAT, participants' responses were faster when they paired positive words with concepts related to favorite teams and negative words with rival teams, indicating implicit favorability for favorite teams and implicit negativity for rival teams. This pattern of implicit favorability and negativity was consistent with what participants reported explicitly via self-report. The importance of evaluating implicit attitudes and the corresponding consistency with explicit attitudes are discussed.
Fast signal analysis in Rotating-Polarization CARS microscopy
Authors: de Vito Giuseppe , Piazza Vincenzo
Published: February 2014

Rotating Polarization Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (RP-CARS) is a novel approach to CARS microscopy that takes advantage of polarizationdependent selection rules in order to gain information about molecule orientation anisotropy and direction within the optical point spread function. However, in the original implementation of this technique, the lockin amplifier-based acquisition was quite time demanding. Here we present a new software-based approach that permits a great speed-up in the RP-CARS images acquisition process.
2013 JOSPT Award Recipients Highlight the Need to Leverage Patient Expectations and Prevent Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Simoneau Guy G.
Published: February 2014

During the American Physical Therapy Association's Combined Sections Meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada in February 2014, JOSPT recognized the authors of the most outstanding research and clinical practice manuscripts published in JOSPT during the 2013 calendar year. The 2013 JOSPT Excellence in Research Award was presented to Mark D. Bishop, Joel E. Bialosky, Paul Mintken, PT, DPT, and Joshua A. Cleland, PT, PhD for their paper titled “Patient Expectations of Benefit From Interventions for Neck Pain and Resulting Influence on Outcomes.” The 2013 George J. Davies—James A. Gould Excellence in Clinical Inquiry Award was presented to Stephanie Di Stasi, Gregory D. Myer, and Timothy E. Hewett for their work titled “Neuromuscular Training to Target Deficits Associated With Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.”

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(3):138–139. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0104
Changes to JOSPT's Board and a Special Report
Authors: Simoneau Guy G. , Holmes Edith
Published: February 2014

With this issue, JOSPT announces changes to its Board of Directors and publishes a special report titled “It Takes a Team: The 2013 Boston Marathon: Preparing for and Recovering From a Mass-Casualty Event.” J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(3):140. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0105
Safe Patient Handling Perceptions and Practices: A Survey of Acute Care Physical Therapists
Authors: Olkowski Brian F. , Stolfi Angela M.
Published: February 2014

Background

Acute care physical therapists are at risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to manual patient handling. Safe patient handling (SPH) reduces WMSDs caused by manual handling.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe the patient handling practices of acute care physical therapists and their perceptions regarding SPH. Additionally, this study determined whether an SPH program influences the patient handling practices and perceptions regarding SPH of acute care physical therapists.

Methods

Subscribers to the electronic discussion board of American Physical Therapy Association's Acute Care Section were invited to complete a survey questionnaire.

Results

The majority of respondents used SPH equipment and practices (91.1%), were confident using SPH equipment and practices (93.8%), agreed that evidence supports the use of SPH equipment and practices (87.0%), and reported the use of SPH equipment and practices is feasible (92.2%). Respondents at a facility with an SPH program were more likely to use SPH equipment and practices, have received training in the use of SPH equipment and practices, agree that the use of SPH equipment and practices is feasible, and feel confident using SPH equipment and practices.

Limitations

The study might not reflect the perceptions and practices of the population of acute care physical therapists.

Conclusion

Acute care physical therapists are trained to use SPH equipment and practices, use SPH equipment and practices, and have positive perceptions regarding SPH. Acute care physical therapists in a facility with an SPH program are more likely to use SPH equipment and practices, receive training in SPH equipment and practices, and have positive perceptions regarding SPH. Quasi-regulatory organizations should incorporate SPH programs into their evaluative standards.
Fertilizer use among cocoa farmers in Ghana: the case of Sefwi Wiawso District
Authors: Nunoo Isaac , Frimpong Benedicta Nsiah , Frimpong Frederick Kwabena
Published: February 2014

This study analyses factors that influence fertilizer use among cocoa farmers in the Sefwi Wiawso District in the Western Region, Ghana. Primary data were obtained from 200 cocoa farmers in the district. Descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression analysis were used to analyse data collected. The results revealed that majority of the cocoa farmers were males and are getting old. Also farm size and price of fertilizer were significant factors affecting fertilizer use among cocoa farmers in the Sefwi Wiawso District in the Western Region. Moreover 74.5 percent farmers do not use fertilizer whereas 25.5 percent use fertilizer on their cocoa farms. The study recommends that Ghana government should further subsidise the price of fertilizer to make fertilizer more affordable to small holder cocoa farmers and also adopt strategies that hedge against price risk. In addition, illiterate farmers should be encouraged to undergo adult literacy programmes. Rural development policies should think about the importance of improving small-scale farmers? access to credit market. Furthermore, the extension unit of the Ghana Cocoa board and Ministry of Agriculture should be strengthened to educate cocoa farmers more on fertilizer usage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9939 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 22-31