bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biostimulation of tomato growth and biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease using certain endophytic fungi
Authors: Abdelaziz Amer M. , Kalaba Mohamed H. , Hashem Amr H. , Sharaf Mohamed H. , Attia Mohamed S.
Published: December 2022

Background

Tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) suffers from numerous fungal pathogens that cause damage to yeild production qualitatively and quantitatively. One of the most destructive disease of tomato is Fusarium wilt that caused by soil borne fungus called F. oxysporum.

Methods

In this study, the anti-Fusarium capabilities of the foliar application of fungal endophytes extracts have been investigated on tomato under Fusarium challenges. Antifungal assay, inhibition of conidial germination, disease severity, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, oxidative stress, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidases (PPO) isozymes were tested for potential resistance of tomato growing under Fusarium infection.

Results

Ethyl acetate extracts of A. flavus MZ045563, A. fumigatus MZ045562 and A. nidulans MZ045561 exhibited antifungal activity toward F. oxysporum where inhibition zone diameters were 15, 12 and 20 mm, respectively. Moreover, extracts of all fungal isolates at concentration 7.5 mg/mL reduced conidia germination from 94.4 to 100%. Fusarium infection caused a destructive effects on tomato plant, high severity desiese index 84.37%, reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble protein. However, contents of proline, total phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidant enzymes activity were increased in tomato plants grown under Fusarium wilt. Treatment of healthy or infected tomato plants by ethyl acetate fungal extracts showed improvements in morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activity. Besides, the harmful impacts of Fusarium wilt disease on tomato plants have also been reduced by lowering MDA and H2O2 levels. Also, treated tomato plants showed different responses in number and density of POD and PPO isozymes.

Conclusion

It could be suggested that application of ethyl acetate extracts of tested fungal endophytes especially combination of A. flavus, A. nidulans and A. fumigatus could be commercially used as safe biostimulation of tomato plants as well as biofungicide against tomato Fusarium wilt disease.
On the detectability of the magnetic fields induced by ocean circulation in geomagnetic satellite observations
Authors: Hornschild Aaron , Baerenzung Julien , Saynisch-Wagner Jan , Irrgang Christopher , Thomas Maik
Published: December 2022

Due to their sensitivity to conductivity and oceanic transport, magnetic signals caused by the movement of the ocean are a beneficial source of information. Satellite observed tidal-induced magnetic fields have already proven to be helpful to derive Earth’s conductivity or ocean heat content. However, magnetic signals caused by ocean circulation are still unobserved in satellite magnetometer data. We present a novel method to detect these magnetic signals from ocean circulation using an observing system simulation experiment. The introduced approach relies on the assimilation of satellite magnetometer data based on a Kalman filter algorithm. The separation from other magnetic contributions is attained by predicting the temporal behavior of the ocean-induced magnetic field through presumed proxies. We evaluate the proposed method in different test case scenarios. The results demonstrate a possible detectability of the magnetic signal in large parts of the ocean. Furthermore, we point out the crucial dependence on the magnetic signal’s variability and show that our approach is robust to slight spatial and temporal deviations of the presumed proxies. Additionally, we showed that including simple prior spatial constraints could further improve the assimilation results. Our findings indicate an appropriate sensitivity of the detection method for an application outside the presented observing system simulation experiment. Therefore, we finally discussed potential issues and required advances toward the method’s application on original geomagnetic satellite observations.

Graphical Abstract
Error-related brain state analysis using electroencephalography in conjunction with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during a complex surgical motor task
Authors: Walia Pushpinder , Fu Yaoyu , Norfleet Jack , Schwaitzberg Steven D. , Intes Xavier , De Suvranu , Cavuoto Lora , Dutta Anirban
Published: December 2022

Error-based learning is one of the basic skill acquisition mechanisms that can be modeled as a perception–action system and investigated based on brain–behavior analysis during skill training. Here, the error-related chain of mental processes is postulated to depend on the skill level leading to a difference in the contextual switching of the brain states on error commission. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to compare error-related brain states, measured with multi-modal portable brain imaging, between experts and novices during the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) “suturing and intracorporeal knot-tying” task (FLS complex task)—the most difficult among the five psychomotor FLS tasks. The multi-modal portable brain imaging combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) for brain–behavior analysis in thirteen right-handed novice medical students and nine expert surgeons. The brain state changes were defined by quasi-stable EEG scalp topography (called microstates) changes using 32-channel EEG data acquired at 250 Hz. Six microstate prototypes were identified from the combined EEG data from experts and novices during the FLS complex task that explained 77.14% of the global variance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that the proportion of the total time spent in different microstates during the 10-s error epoch was significantly affected by the skill level (p < 0.01), the microstate type (p < 0.01), and the interaction between the skill level and the microstate type (p < 0.01). Brain activation based on the slower oxyhemoglobin (HbO) changes corresponding to the EEG band power (1–40 Hz) changes were found using the regularized temporally embedded Canonical Correlation Analysis of the simultaneously acquired fNIRS–EEG signals. The HbO signal from the overlying the left inferior frontal gyrus—opercular part, left superior frontal gyrus—medial orbital, left postcentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus—medial orbital cortical areas showed significant (p < 0.05) difference between experts and novices in the 10-s error epoch. We conclude that the difference in the error-related chain of mental processes was the activation of cognitive top-down attention-related brain areas, including left dorsolateral prefrontal/frontal eye field and left frontopolar brain regions, along with a ‘focusing’ effect of global suppression of hemodynamic activation in the experts, while the novices had a widespread stimulus(error)-driven hemodynamic activation without the ‘focusing’ effect.
The performance of two-implant overdentures in the atrophic maxilla: a case series with 1-year follow-up
Authors: Onclin Pieter , Speksnijder Caroline M. , Meijer Henny J. A. , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To assess the implant and prosthesis survival rates, the clinical, radiographical and patient-related outcome measures, and the masticatory performance of maxillary overdentures supported by two implants in patients with an atrophic maxilla.

Methods

In this case series, 15 consecutive patients who were eligible for maxillary implant overdenture therapy, but who had insufficient bone volume to place at least four implants and were unwilling to be treated with reconstructive surgery were asked to participate. After giving consent, participants received two implants in the maxilla under local anaesthesia. After 3 months of osseointegration, a maxillary overdenture with palatal coverage and solitary attachments was fabricated. Implant and overdenture survival, marginal bone level change, clinical outcome measures, masticatory performance and patient-related outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 1 year after overdenture placement.

Results

Fourteen out of 15 participants completed the follow-up period of 12 months. Implant and overdenture survival rate were 89.3% and 85.7%, respectively. Change in marginal bone level (− 0.5 ± 0.7 mm), change in probing depth (0.0 ± 1.0 mm), and clinical outcomes were favourable. Masticatory performance and patient-related outcomes improved significantly compared to baseline. Complications were minimal.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that patients with extreme resorption of the maxilla that are unwilling to be treated with reconstructive surgery, benefit from two-implant maxillary overdentures retained by solitary attachments in terms of improved masticatory functioning and denture satisfaction. However, they have relatively high risk of implant loss.

Trial registration: UMCG Trial Register (RR201900060), registered 22 January 2019.

Graphical Abstract

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Laparoscopic resection of an intra-abdominal esophageal duplication cyst in the ileum: a case report
Authors: Oyama Shosaburo , Tanaka Kenji , Moriyama Masaaki , Nonaka Takashi , Tominaga Tetsuro , Sawai Terumitsu , Kinoshita Naoe , Nagayasu Takeshi
Published: December 2022

Background

Esophageal duplication cyst (EDC) is a type of gastrointestinal duplication cyst that involves congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. EDCs are frequently found in the mediastinum and thoracoabdominal region, but rarely occur in the abdominal cavity. However, intra-abdominal EDCs are frequently found in the upper abdomen near the abdominal esophagus. Here, we report, for the first time, a case of intra-abdominal EDC that occurred in the ileum.

Case presentation

A 14-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with complaints of epigastric pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic tumor in the pelvis, suspected of ovarian origin. She was admitted to our gynecology department and underwent emergency surgery. The laparoscopic examination revealed that both ovaries were intact and that a primary tumor had developed from the ileal mesentery. Since the patient’s condition was not urgent at the time of the gynecological surgery, the procedure was completed by only performing exploratory laparotomy; the patient was admitted to our department after the surgery. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging performed on the next day revealed a cystic mass measuring 90 × 65 mm with a smooth margin and homogeneous signal intensity, arising posterior to the uterus. The mass was suspected as an intestinal duplication cyst. On another day, after the examinations were completed, we resected the portion of the small intestine containing the tumor by laparoscopy. The patient had a successful postoperative course and was discharged on the 5th postoperative day. Histological examination showed that the cyst was lined by stratified squamous epithelium, contained esophageal glands, and had a two-layer muscularis propria. Therefore, a diagnosis of intra-abdominal EDC was performed.

Conclusions

An intra-abdominal EDC cyst is relatively rare; this is the first case reported at the distal ileum.
Ecological analysis of demographic-, nutritional- and housing-related factors associated with anaemia among women of reproductive age group in Nigeria
Authors: Kareem Yusuf Olushola , Ameyaw Edward K. , Bello Oluwasomidoyin O. , Abdus-Salam Rukiyat A. , Lawal Olatunji O. , Obajimi Gbolahan , Alade Yussuf Kofoworola , Morhason-Bello Imran O.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Anaemia remains a major public health concern, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it is one of the causes of maternal death. The most common cause of maternal anaemia is iron deficiency or malnutrition. This study examined the prevalence of and risk factors for anaemia among women that participated in the Nigerian Demographic Health Survey.

Method

We used data of 14,454 women that participated in the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). We extracted information such as demographic, social and housing, dietary characteristics and haemoglobin concentration. The descriptive statistic results, prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CIs) of anaemia with the selected respondents background characteristics were presented. The Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the risk of anaemia among women of reproductive age. All analyses were weighted and adjusted for the complex survey design. Statistical significance was interpreted at p value < 0.05.

Results

Maternal status, body mass index, education, residence, religion, ethnicity, region and type of cooking fuel were all important determinants of anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was high among pregnant women (61.8%; 95% CI: 58.5–65.0), adolescents (60.4%; 95% CI: 58.1–62.6), underweight women (62.6%; 95% CI: 59.5–65.5), women who had no formal education (64.1%; 95% CI: 62.2–66.0) and those who belonged to the poorest wealth quintile (65.8%; 95% CI: 63.1–68.4). Similarly, anaemia was high among women residing in rural areas (61.5%; 95% CI: 60.0–63.0), Muslims (59.9%; 95% CI: 58.1–61.6) and women with six or more children (62.1%; 95% CI: 60.0–64.1). The risk of anaemia were 2% less likely among women who took minimum adequate diet compared to those who do not.

Conclusion

To date, this is the largest data on maternal anaemia in Nigeria. The study highlighted the high burden of maternal anaemia in the country and different risk factors (medical and social) that are associated with this medical condition among women of reproductive age. We recommend future longitudinal studies to test hypothesis in order to assess whether there is any causal relationship between identified risk factors and anaemia in this group of women.
State-of-the-art liver disease research using liver-on-a-chip
Authors: Deguchi Sayaka , Takayama Kazuo
Published: December 2022

To understand disease pathophysiologies, models that recapitulate human functions are necessary. In vitro models that consist of human cells are preferred to ones using animal cells, because organ functions can vary from species to species. However, conventional in vitro models do not recapitulate human organ functions well. Organ-on-a-chip technology provides a reliable in vitro model of the functional units of human organs. Organ-on-a-chip technology uses microfluidic devices and their accessories to impart organ functions to human cells. Using microfluidic devices, we can co-culture multiple cell types that compose human organs. Moreover, we can culture human cells under physiologically relevant stresses, such as mechanical and shear stresses. Current organ-on-a-chip technology can reproduce the functions of several organs including the liver. Because it is difficult to maintain the function of human hepatocytes, which are the gold standard of in vitro liver models, under conventional culture conditions, the application of liver-on-a-chips to liver disease research is expected. This review introduces the current status and future prospects of liver-on-a-chips in liver disease research.
Development of a set of patient reported outcome measures for patients with benign liver tumours and cysts: patient focus groups and systematic review
Authors: Furumaya Alicia , Nooijen Lynn E. , Haring Martijn P. D. , van Oers Hedy A. , van Beneden Marlou , van Rosmalen Belle V. , Takkenberg R. Bart , Kazemier Geert , Besselink Marc G. , de Meijer Vincent E. , Erdmann Joris I. ,   the Dutch Benign Liver Tumor Group
Published: December 2022

Background

Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) may be useful for patients with benign liver tumours and cysts (BLTC) to evaluate the impact of treatment and/or guide shared decision making. Yet, a set of PROMs relevant to patients with BLTC is currently unavailable. In this study, we selected a PROMs set for patients with BLTC.

Methods

Potentially relevant patient reported outcomes (PROs) were selected by psychologist-researchers based on keywords used or suggested by participants of two virtual focus groups meetings consisting of thirteen female BLTC patients with a median age of 50 years. Subsequently, patients were asked to report their most relevant PROs. PROMs identified by systematic literature review and computerized adaptive tests (CATs) in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) were considered in selecting the final PROMs set to assess relevant outcomes.

Results

The most important PROs were: insecurity/anxiety (11/12 patients), pain (9/12 patients), fatigue (8/12 patients), and limitations in daily life (5/12 patients). The literature review included 23 studies, which used various generic and disease-specific PROMs, often not measuring (all) relevant PROs. The final selected PROMs set included numerical rating scales for pain, two questions on overall health and quality of life and four PROMIS CATs.

Conclusions

A PROMs set generically and efficiently measuring outcomes relevant for patients with BLTC was developed and may be used in future research and clinical practice.
A systematic comparison of different composite measures (DAS 28, CDAI, SDAI, and Boolean approach) for determining treatment effects on low disease activity and remission in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Janke Kirsten , Kiefer Corinna , McGauran Natalie , Richter Bernd , Krause Dietmar , Wieseler Beate
Published: December 2022

Background

Some composite measures for determining the treatment effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on remission and low disease activity (LDA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may produce misleading results if they include an acute phase reactant (APR). To inform the choice of appropriate measure, we performed a systematic comparison of treatment effects using different composite measures.

Methods

We used data generated for a systematic review of biologics in RA conducted by the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care and data from systematic reviews of newer biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors provided by sponsors. The studies included had been conducted up to 2020 and investigated comparisons of biologics with placebo and head-to-head comparisons of biologics. Treatment effects on LDA and remission in studies investigating biologics or JAK inhibitors in RA were compared among 4 composite measures: the disease activity score 28 (DAS 28), the simplified disease activity index (SDAI), the Boolean approach (remission only), and the clinical disease activity index (CDAI)—only the latter does not include an APR.

Results

49 placebo-controlled studies included 9 different biologics; 48 studies (16,233 patients) investigated LDA and 49 (16,338 patients) investigated remission. 11 active-controlled studies (5996 patients) investigated both LDA and remission and included 5 different head-to-head comparisons of biologics and 5 different comparisons (6 studies) of biologics with JAK inhibitors.

Statistically significantly larger treatment effects were found for biologics or JAK inhibitors versus placebo or active control in 16% of pairwise comparisons of composite measures (27 of 168). Most of these larger effects were observed for composite measures with an APR, i.e. the DAS 28 (19 comparisons) followed by the SDAI (n = 7). Larger effects were most frequently detected in favour of interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors and to a lesser extent for JAK inhibitors versus treatments with different modes of action.

Conclusions

The use of the DAS 28 and SDAI in clinical studies may generate results favouring certain treatments based on their mode of action (e.g. IL-6 inhibitors versus other biologics). To enable unbiased comparative effectiveness research, a composite measure without an APR (i.e. the CDAI) should thus be the measure of choice.
Cardiac CT blooming artifacts: clinical significance, root causes and potential solutions
Authors: Pack Jed D. , Xu Mufeng , Wang Ge , Baskaran Lohendran , Min James , De Man Bruno
Published: December 2022

This review paper aims to summarize cardiac CT blooming artifacts, how they present clinically and what their root causes and potential solutions are. A literature survey was performed covering any publications with a specific interest in calcium blooming and stent blooming in cardiac CT. The claims from literature are compared and interpreted, aiming at narrowing down the root causes and most promising solutions for blooming artifacts. More than 30 journal publications were identified with specific relevance to blooming artifacts. The main reported causes of blooming artifacts are the partial volume effect, motion artifacts and beam hardening. The proposed solutions are classified as high-resolution CT hardware, high-resolution CT reconstruction, subtraction techniques and post-processing techniques, with a special emphasis on deep learning (DL) techniques. The partial volume effect is the leading cause of blooming artifacts. The partial volume effect can be minimized by increasing the CT spatial resolution through higher-resolution CT hardware or advanced high-resolution CT reconstruction. In addition, DL techniques have shown great promise to correct for blooming artifacts. A combination of these techniques could avoid repeat scans for subtraction techniques.
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Premenopausal Breast Cancer: 12-Year Results From SOFT
Authors: Francis Prudence A. , Fleming Gini F. , Láng István , Ciruelos Eva M. , Bonnefoi Hervé R. , Bellet Meritxell , Bernardo Antonio , Climent Miguel A. , Martino Silvana , Bermejo Begoña , Burstein Harold J. , Davidson Nancy E. , Geyer Charles E. , Walley Barbara A. , Ingle James N. , Coleman Robert E. , Müller Bettina , Le Du Fanny , Loibl Sibylle , Winer Eric P. , Ruepp Barbara , Loi Sherene , Colleoni Marco , Coates Alan S. , Gelber Richard D. , Goldhirsch Aron , Regan Meredith M. ,   for the SOFT Investigators and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (a division of ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation)
Published: December 2022

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

The Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00066690 ) randomly assigned premenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer to 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression (OFS), or exemestane plus OFS. The primary analysis compared disease-free survival (DFS) between tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen alone; exemestane plus OFS versus tamoxifen was a secondary objective. After 8 years, SOFT reported a significant reduction in recurrence and improved overall survival (OS) with adjuvant tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen alone. Here, we report outcomes after median follow-up of 12 years. DFS remained significantly improved with tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98) with a 12-year DFS of 71.9% with tamoxifen, 76.1% with tamoxifen plus OFS, and 79.0% with exemestane plus OFS. OS was improved with tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.01) and was 86.8% with tamoxifen, 89.0% with tamoxifen plus OFS, and 89.4% with exemestane plus OFS at 12 years. Among those who received prior chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–negative tumors, OS was 78.8% with tamoxifen, 81.1% with tamoxifen plus OFS, and 84.4% with exemestane plus OFS. In conclusion, after 12 years, there remains a benefit from including OFS in adjuvant endocrine therapy, with an absolute improvement in OS more apparent with higher baseline risk of recurrence.

[Media: see text]
Approach to the Patient With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Endocrine Dysfunction
Authors: Wright Jordan J , Johnson Douglas B
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are cancer therapies that are approved for use in at least 19 different cancers. They function by stimulating immune cell responses against cancer, and their toxicities comprise a host of autoinflammatory syndromes that may impact any organ system. Endocrine toxicities occur in as high as 25% to 50% of ICI recipients, depending on the treatment regimen used. These toxicities vary in severity from mild, asymptomatic cases of subclinical hypothyroidism to severe, fatal cases of adrenal crisis, thyroid dysfunction, or diabetic ketoacidosis. Thus, timely recognition and treatment is critical. Herein, we present clinical cases of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We use these cases to discuss the screening, diagnosis, and management of ICI-associated endocrine dysfunction.
Breast MRI: an illustration of benign findings
Authors: Jones Lyn Isobel , Klimczak Katherine , Geach Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Despite its unparalleled sensitivity for aggressive breast cancer, breast MRI continually excites criticism for a specificity that lags behind that of modern mammographic techniques. Radiologists reporting breast MRI need to recognise the range of benign appearances on breast MRI to avoid unnecessary biopsy. This review summarises the reported diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI with particular attention to the technique’s specificity, provides a referenced reporting strategy and discusses factors that compromise diagnostic confidence. We then present a pictorial review of benign findings on breast MRI. Enhancing radiological skills to discriminate malignant from benign findings will minimise false positive biopsies, enabling optimal use of multiparametric breast MRI for the benefit of screening clients and breast cancer patients.
Artist Development and Collective Therapy in the Repertory: The Case of After Edward
Authors: Kirwan Peter
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the exploration of the repertory model in Tom Stuart’s 2019 play After Edward, produced at Shakespeare’s Globe. Performed in repertory with a production of Edward II, After Edward dramatizes Diana Taylor’s sense of repertoire; the embodied skills of the actor and the heterochronic site of the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse allow Stuart as actor and writer to reconcile his lived experience as a gay man with his work as an actor. Based on this case study, this article argues that After Edward enacts a praxis of ensemble as artist development.
Birth of a Tragedy Queen: Richard Robinson and the Repertory of the King's Men, 1610-11
Authors: Barker Roberta
Published: December 2022

In his 2004 essay, ‘The Sharer and His Boy’, Scott McMillin hypothesized that what he called ‘restricted roles’ in early modern English drama, roles in which female characters take cue lines only from a small group of other characters, resulted from moments when new leading boy actors were being trained by their masters. This essay applies McMillin's hypothesis to two new plays that entered the King’s Men’s repertory around 1610, Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale and Beaumont and Fletcher’s The Maid’s Tragedy, asking how they might have interacted with earlier plays within the company’s repertory to shape the training of Richard Robinson as its new leading tragic boy.
Envy, Leanness, and Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar
Authors: Irish Bradley
Published: December 2022

One of the most famous lines in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is Caesar’s ominous claim that ‘Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look’ (1.2.193). Understanding the implications of this line requires appreciating the extent it activates the early modern discourse of envy. Because Shakespeare makes his Cassius dispositionally envious — an invention not found in Plutarch — comprehending the full import of the enviousness his ‘lean and hungry look’ entails is vital to grasping the playwright’s characterization. Unpacking the association between leanness and envy in Renaissance literary culture reveals how Shakespeare’s handling of his source had immediate thematic resonance for his audience.
Alcaics on Restoration Actresses by the Cambridge Classical Scholar James Duport
Authors: Vozar Thomas Matthew
Published: December 2022

This note brings attention to a neo-Latin ode in Alcaic stanzas entitled ‘In Roscias nostras, seu Histriones Feminas’ (‘On Our Roscias, or Female Actors’), which was written by the Cambridge classical scholar James Duport before 1676. A translation and commentary on the poem provide access for the first time to this learned reaction to the new cultural phenomenon in the Restoration of the professional actress.
Editorial
Authors: Gough Melinda J. , Kelly Erin
Published: December 2022

Marking Early Theatre's twenty-fifth year, this editorial announces new board members and shares ways readers and contributors can help shape the journal in future.
Psychological training in sports
Authors: Ramesberger Reinhold
Published: December 2022

The primary task of a coach in competitive sports is the support and guidance of athletes in their development to achieve the individual top level of performance. Therefore, coaches should acquire a working knowledge of all areas affiliated with performance enhancement. Psychological training is one pillar a today´s coach should be familiar with. This article illustrates some components with psychological background knowledge for consideration when applying psychological training. It is imperative for coaches to gain a familiarity with this often neglected facet of training in order to provide support and guidance for athletes on their way to achieve peak performance in competitions along their sports career. With this article science meets real life experience and thus it enhances the body of knowledge for coaches for new thoughts to train elite athletes.
Information Security and Mechanisms Used by the Russian Federation to Shape Polish Public Opinion
Authors: Marek Michał
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of research on the determinants of information security and the disinformation activity of the Russian side – which relates to the implementation of the objectives of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation concerning Poland, but also other countries in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. The article presents trends, methods of operation and techniques used by the Russians that have been implemented in recent years and the recent period. The text also outlines the general features of disinformation activities and propaganda, the main narratives and the trends in Russian communications.
The Impact of Social Nudges on User-Generated Content for Social Network Platforms
Authors: Zeng Zhiyu , Dai Hengchen , Zhang Dennis J. , Zhang Heng , Zhang Renyu , Xu Zhiwei , Shen Zuo-Jun Max
Published: December 2022

Content-sharing social network platforms rely heavily on user-generated content to attract users and advertisers, but they have limited authority over content provision. We develop an intervention that leverages social interactions between users to stimulate content production. We study social nudges, whereby users connected with a content provider on a platform encourage that provider to supply more content. We conducted a randomized field experiment (N [Formula: see text]) on a video-sharing social network platform where treatment providers could receive messages from other users encouraging them to produce more, but control providers could not. We find that social nudges not only immediately boosted video supply by 13.21% without changing video quality but also, increased the number of nudges providers sent to others by 15.57%. Such production-boosting and diffusion effects, although declining over time, lasted beyond the day of receiving nudges and were amplified when nudge senders and recipients had stronger ties. We replicate these results in a second experiment. To estimate the overall production boost over the entire network and guide platforms to utilize social nudges, we combine the experimental data with a social network model that captures the diffusion and over-time effects of social nudges. We showcase the importance of considering the network effects when estimating the impact of social nudges and optimizing platform operations regarding social nudges. Our research highlights the value of leveraging co-user influence for platforms and provides guidance for future research to incorporate the diffusion of an intervention into the estimation of its impacts within a social network.

This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.

Funding: H. Dai thanks the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) [Hellman Fellowship and Faculty Development Award] for funding support. R. Zhang is grateful for financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grant 16505418].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4622 .
SİVAS İLİ İLBEYLİ TÜRKMEN AVAZLARI ÜZERİNE YAPISAL VE KÜLTÜREL ANALİZ
Authors: DAĞDEVİREN Mustafa
Published: December 2022

Bayat, Alkırevli (Alka-evli) ve Afşa boyuna bağlı olabilecekleri düşünülen İlbeyli aşiretinin bir kolu olan Sivas İlbeyli Türkmenleri; Sivas Şarkışla arasında, Sivas’ın güneybatısında yer alan 42 köyde ve Sivas merkezde yaşamlarını sürdürmektedirler. Sivas İlbeyli Türkmenlerinin yaşadığı İlbeyli yöresi diye adlandırılan bölge, resmi bir statüde olmayıp kültürel ve demografik yapı ile sınırları belirlenmiş bir coğrafyadır. “Üst başı Kavlak, alt başı Yanalak” şeklindeki söylemlerle sınırı çizilen bu coğrafyayı vatan yapan İlbeyi Türkmenleri bütün kültürel olgularında olduğu gibi müzik kültürlerini de otantizm perspektifinde sürdürmeye devam etmektedirler.

Sivas İlbeyli Türkmenlerinde müziğin ifadelendirilmesinde “avaz” kelimesi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yörede kullanılan “avaz” kavramı açıklanmış, yörede avazı kaynak kişiler tarafından bilinen ezgiler derlenerek notaya alınmıştır. Yöre müzik kültürü içerisinde başat konumda olan ağıtlar ve halayların diğer formlara oranla daha fazla yer aldığı görülmüş olup çalışmanın hacmi makale sınırlarını aşacağından dolayı verilen örneklerde kısıtlamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma alan araştırmasıyla yöre müziği üzerine yapısal ve kültürel bir analiz yapabilmek adına gerçekleştirilmiştir.

İlbeyli yöresi kolektif belleğinin müziksel bir temsili olan müziklerin kültürel ve biçimsel olarak incelenmesi ve analiz edilmesi, bilimsel kaynak oluşturulması toplumsal ve kültürel görüşlülük ortaya koyulması amacıyla yapılan çalışma Etnomüzikoloji disiplini perspektifinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile İlbeyli müziği araştırılırken, İlbeyli müzik kültürüne sahip Sivas İlbeyli coğrafyasındaki topluluklar incelenmiş, kültürel yaklaşım perspektifinde müzikal kimlikleri ortaya çıkarılmaya, kavramsallaştırılmaya ve bu müzikler üzerine söylem kurmaya çalışılmıştır.

Yapılan bu araştırmada nitel yöntemler içerisinde bulunan “etnografik araştırma” içerisindeki veri toplama teknikleri (gözlem, görüşme, kayıt alma, analiz etme derleme) kullanılmış, bunun yanı sıra literatür tarama ve tarihsel araştırma teknikleriyle İlbeyli müzik kültürünün derinlemesine araştırılması için ilgili literatür taranmıştır.
Refractive Index Sensor based on Multilayered Au-SiO2-Al Structure
Authors: Bijalwan Ashish , Rastogi Vipul
Published: December 2022

The phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used for detection of biomolecules, medical diagnostics and gas analysis [1]. SPR is an optical phenomenon in which TM polarized light beam excites the surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) at metal-dielectric interface. These polaritons could be excited by grating coupling. Generally, gold (Au), aluminum (Al), and silver (Ag) are used as SPR active material. For a good sensor, very narrow SPR reflection spectrum is required. Al grating offers narrower SPR spectrum but it is chemically less stable. While Au grating is chemically more stable but does not provide narrow SPR spectrum.
Optimization Strategy for Designing Computer-Generated Holograms and Diffractive Optical Elements
Authors: Hsu Wei-Feng
Published: December 2022

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) or diffractive optical element (DOE) is adapted in a free-space optical system to modulate the incident wavefront and then generate a diffractive pattern in a specified output plane [1]. The optical field function of the diffractive pattern is related to the modulated function of CGH/DOE through an operation based on the Fourier transform [2]. For simplicity, I assume the output function is the Fourier transform of the input function. Because of constraints (conditions) imposed on the input and the output functions, there is in general no solutions to exactly fulfill the constraints [3]. A good approximation to the solution is determined when the difference between the approximation and the solution is reduced as much as possible. To find an approximation with mini-mum difference or error, one needs to decide an optimization algorithm and a merit function of CGH performance which will be introduced in details in this presentation.
Simulation of 360-degree Semi-mechanical Table Top Electronic Holographic Display System
Authors: Kim Soobin , Park Sungjae , Choi Jeongbeom , Kim Taeone , Kim Hwi
Published: December 2022

Although 3D (3D) holographic displays are considered the ultimate display, the realization of a 3D holographic display is a practical challenge. The table top holographic display system is one of the next generation 3D holographic display systems. Recently, a prototype of the 360-degree holographic table-top display was introduced. This system consists of three digital micromirror device (DMD) for R/G/B colors, 4-f Fourier off axis filtering systems, a parabolic mirror for 3D object and a mechanical motor for time-sequentially displaying 360-degree images on the viewing circumference [1]. The prototype needs to replace the mechanical rotation part with the non-mechanical but equivalent part, which is one of challenges.
Light Propagation Analysis in Holographic Data Storage Using a Refractive Parameter
Authors: Tagami Satoshi , Barada Daisuke , Yatagai Toyohiko
Published: December 2022

In order to analize the noise generated from a holographic data storage, light propagation analysis in the volume hologram is required. The volume hologram consists of refractive index distribution. Conventional light propagation analysis methods in a medium with refractive index distribution are based on numerical analysis such as RCWA and FDTD. However, the calculation volume is limited to a small volume in the numerical methods. In this study, an analytical function based method is proposed.
Nonreciprocal Scattering of Si nanoparticles with gold films
Authors: Lin Kuan-Ting , Kuo Yu-Lun , Chen Kuo-Ping
Published: December 2022

The nonreciprocal scattering of silicon nanoparticle on gold film is studied. The scattering cross section is simulated. When light oblique incidents from the air, it shows different spectra due to the different polarization of light. When light incidents from the gold film, the spectrum change less with the different polarization of light. In addition, a new peak appears because of the interference of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole.
Metallic tips for efficient plasmon nanofocusing and advanced optical nano-imaging
Authors: Umakoshi Takayuki , Saito Yuika , Verma Prabhat
Published: December 2022

Plasmon nanofocusing, energy compression of propagating plasmons on a tapered metallic tip, is a promising tool for near-field scanning optical microscopy due to its unique properties such as background suppression and broadband property[1]. Although applications of plasmon nanofocusing has been still limited so far, it would make the plasmon-nanofocusing-based techniques more reliable and practical if an efficient fabrication method of metallic tips is established.
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering microscope using quartz-tuning-fork AFM probe
Authors: Saitoh Kohta , Taguchi Atsushi , Kawata Satoshi
Published: December 2022

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) microscopy is one of the powerful scanning probe microscopy, which enables Raman analysis at nanoscale beyond the diffraction limit of light [1]. Applications by using TERS microscopy to a variety of samples, such as carbon materials, semiconductors and bio-molecules, have been reported. Typically, the distance between the metal tip and samples are con-trolled by contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) to obtain the sufficient Raman enhancement in a moderate exposure time. However, the contact-mode AFM can limit the range of applications. It is difficult to measure samples which are soft or unfixed on a glass substrate, because the tip can damage or drag the sample. Moreover, a laser beam which is used to detect a cantilever deflection can interfere with Raman measurements in visible wavelengths. We believe that the introduction of advanced AFMs can expand the applications and contribute to commercialization.
Diffusivity of single fluorescent probes embedded in thin polymer films
Authors: Sibanda Charmaine , Bosman Gurthwin , Rohwer Erich
Published: December 2022

Photophysics and photochemistry in polymer science has been central areas of interest in understanding the structure and dynamics of polymers. The physical properties of polymers especially the dynamical properties close to the phase transition from rubbery to the glassy state are complex and have not been completely understood despite experimental and theoretical studies over the past decades [1]. Understanding the dynamics of polymer nano environments is highly crucial for numerous technological applications in various industrial and biomedical sectors related to protective and functional coatings and biocompatibility of medical implants [2]. The diffusivity of single probes embedded in thin polymer films can exhibit unusual physical properties due to geometric constraints imposed by the presence of surfaces and interfaces and using single molecule fluorescence microscopy as an imaging technique, allows one to look at the microscopic processes on the nanometer scale [3]. For this research single nanoparticles were embedded in thin polystyrene (PS) and poly (isobutyl methacrylate) (PIMA) films, some of these polymeric films were relaxed and the others were non-relaxed in order to study nano scale polymer dynamics that affect the diffusivity of the single nanoparticles. The diffusivity of the single nanoparticles helps to study the molecular dynamics in thin polymeric films and how these molecular dynamics are related to the glass transition of the thin polymer films. The molecular dynamics include the relaxation processes in polymers such as the α-relaxation, which is believed to contribute to the heterogeneity motion of the single nanoparticles as the temperature of the polymer film is increased towards the glass transition temperature.
Semiconductor core fibers for optoelectronics
Authors: Gibson Ursula , Fokine Michael , Healy Noel , Song Seunghan , Svendson Silje , Osterberg Ulf , Peacock Anna C. , Ballato John
Published: December 2022

Recent improvements in semiconductor core fiber processing technologies have resulted in the development of new and improved materials. Owing to its simple unary structure, silicon has been the most intensively studied core material [1], however emerging opportunities exist in fibers with III-V semiconductor cores for potential optoelectronic applications. This talk will address the general topic of semiconductor-core fibers as well as some recent work on III-V core materials
Interlayer excitons in CVD-grown WS2/MoS2 vertical heterostructures
Authors: Saito Tetsuki , Kobayashi Yu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Maniwa Yutaka , Miyata Yasumitsu
Published: December 2022

Heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted attention because of their emergent optical and electronic properties. As a representative example, the presence of interlayer excitons has been reported for TMDC-based vertical heterostructures [1,2]. However, in previous studies, an observed photoluminescence (PL) peak relating to the interlayer excitons has relatively-large linewidth probably due to the presence of inhomogeneous broadening. To solve this issues, we have developed the CVD process of TMDCs with highly-uniform optical spectra and their heterostructures [3,4]. Here, we report on the observation of sharp PL peaks in high-quality WS2/MoS2 vertical heterostructures.
Optical manipulation of nanoparticles in a tapered glass capillary
Authors: Pin Christophe , Hideki Fujiwara , Sasaki Keiji
Published: December 2022

Light can provide an efficient and contactless way to detect and separate micro- and nano-objects in liquid colloidal solution with different optical properties.
[Fellow International 2017 Special Lecture] Strong Light-Matter Interactions in a Material Science Perspective
Authors: Ebbesen Thomas
Published: December 2022

Strong coupling of light and matter can give rise to a multitude of exciting physical effects through the formation of hybrid light-matter states.
Nanofabrication technology for single-crystalline metal nanoparticle ensembles using nanotemplate-guided thermal dewetting
Authors: Okubo Kyohei , Niimura Yusuke , Oonishi Naoto , Le Thi Ngoc Loan , Carlen Edwin T.
Published: December 2022

Metal nanoparticle (NP) research has made significant progress over the past few decades, and now a wide range of materials with well-controlled size and dispersity are available [1].
[INVITED] Photonic Topological Insulator and Novel Electromagnetic Properties
Authors: Hu Xiao
Published: December 2022

To harness at will propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves is important for valuable applications.
Biomedical Applications of Terahertz - applications, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Wallace Vincent P.
Published: December 2022

It was over 20 years ago that the first papers appeared proposing that terahertz time domain spectroscopy and imaging could be used in the medical arena due to the sensitivity of terahertz absorption to water content; and that the degree of hydration of tissue could be used as a measure of disease state [1].
Trade-off Study between Cutoff Frequency and Responsivity of SOI CMOS-based Terahertz Antenna-Coupled Bolometers with Different Temperature Sensors: MOSFET, PN-Junction Diode, Resistor and Thermocouple
Authors: Elamaran Durgadevi , Ueta Takeo , Satoh Hiroaki , Hiromoto Norihisa , Inokawa Hiroshi
Published: December 2022

An antenna-coupled bolometer is a viable approach to detect terahertz (THz) waves since it can operate at room temperature unlike photon detectors and its performance can be maintained in higher THz range where ordinary electron devices get degraded [1].
Polarization-tunable THz emitters composed of ferromagnetic heterostructures and liquid crystals
Authors: Qiu Hongsong , Wang Lei , Shen Zhixiong , Kato Kosaku , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Yoshimura Masashi , Hu Wei , Lu Yanqing , Nakajima Makoto
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate a magnetically and electrically polarization-tunable terahertz emitter that integrates a ferromagnetic heterostructure and large birefringence liquid crystals.
High-speed Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy
Authors: Umakoshi Takayuki , Fukuda Shingo , Uchihashi Takayuki , Verma Prabhat , Ando Toshio
Published: December 2022

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has been recognized as a powerful technique for super-resolution optical imaging [1]. It has been even more unique compared with other super-resolution fluorescent imaging techniques because it utilizes near-field light at a metallic tip as a nanolight-source, which realizes super-resolution not only in fluorescence but also in any other optical signals such as Raman scattering, infrared absorption and photoluminescence.