bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Direction of Plastic Strain Increment in Sand
Authors: Guo Yun Peng , Qi Cheng Zhi , Ma Chao , Lu Zhen Hui , Sun You Jie
Published: December 2019

Taking the standard sand of Fujian as the test material, this paper concentrates on studying the influence of different stress increment directions on the direction of plastic strain increment of sand materials under different stress states and the underlying mechanism. The test results show that the plastic strain increment angle rotates counterclockwise with the increase of stress increment direction angle, but the two angles do not coincide; the higher the stress state parameters is, the larger the stress increment direction angle range corresponding to sand dilatation is, the smaller the plastic strain increment direction angle range is, and the plastic volumetric strain still increases in critical state.The plastic flow mechanism of sand is explained from the average stress increment, generalized shear stress increment and stress state, which may provide theoretical reference and numerical support for the related research of plastic strain increment direction of sand.
Nonlinear Deformations of Stiffened Reinforced Concrete Shells
Authors: Panin Alexander , Semenov Alexey
Published: December 2019

The paper discusses the process of non-linear deformation of shell structures made of reinforced concrete. A mathematical model of deformation in the form of the functional of full potential deformation energy is provided. The model is based on the Kirchhoff–Love hypotheses, and allows accounting for structure reinforcement with stiffeners. An orthogonal network of stiffeners, located from the concave side, is considered as the structure support. Type of load — external, uniformly distributed. The Ritz method is applied to the functional to reduce the variational problem of the functional minimum to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Then, for each load value, the problem is solved using iterative methods. Analysis of strength and stability of shallow shells of double curvature and rectangular planform is performed. Values of critical loads, deflection and stress fields are obtained. Curves of deflection depending on load are provided. All results are given in dimensionless parameters. The Mohr–Coulomb criterion was used to analyze concrete strength, and the Lyapunov criterion was used for stability analysis. Influence of the number of stiffeners reinforcing the shell on the resulting stress values is shown. It has been revealed that with account for physical non-linearity of concrete, when the dependence of stresses and deformations is curvilinear, deformations (and deflections as well) of shells increase in comparison with the linear-elastic solution. It has been also found that when nonlinearity is taken into account, redistribution of stresses over the shell field occurs (the maximum stresses shift towards the shell contour).
On the Interaction of Cracks and Stringers with a Heterogeneous Wedge-Shaped Body, Manufactured from Different Materials at an Antiplane Deformation
Authors: Grigoryan Marine , Yedoyan Vardges
Published: December 2019

The problem of stress state of an elastic piecewise-homogeneous wedge-shaped body at an antiplane deformation, consisting of heterogeneous wedges with different shear modules and opening of apex angles is considered, when a system of arbitrary finite number of collinear cracks is located on the interface line of the heterogeneous materials and the boundary faces of the compound wedge are reinforced with stringers of finite lengths. The solution of the problem is reduced to solving a system of three singular integral equations (SIE) using the Mellin integral transform, which based on quadrature formulas Gauss for calculating SIE with Cauchy kernel and ordinary integrals reduces to a system of systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE). As a result, the characteristics of the problem are expressed by explicit simple structures algebraic formulas.
Full-Scale Experimental Investigations on Seismic Performance of Square RC Frame Columns with Hollow Sections
Authors: Yang Can Tian , Li Ai Qun , Chen Yue , Xie Lin Lin
Published: December 2019

A new type of square reinforced concrete frame column with a hollow section and spiral stirrups at the section corners is proposed. To investigate its seismic performance, three full-scale columns of this type and one full-scale conventional solid column were designed and tested under a quasi-static load. The failure mode, load-bearing, deformation, and energy-dissipation capacities of the proposed column were evaluated and compared with those of the solid column. The effects of the cavity ratio and axial load on the seismic performance were investigated.
Reinforcement of the Steel Connection between Column and Binding Joist
Authors: Major Maciej , Nawrot Jacek , Major Izabela
Published: December 2019

The paper presents a numerical analysis for the end-plate bolted connection of beams to the column. Three models of the node were considered (with a non-reinforced column web and with reinforcement in the form of stiffening and reinforcement by welding an overlay on one side of the web. The values of strains and stresses for the analysed solutions were compared. It was shown that for the adopted load, it is necessary to increase the load-carrying capacity and stiffness of the web panel in order to ensure safe operation of the joint. The results of the analysis indicated that both solutions for web panel reinforcement are correct: strains and stresses in the node do not exceed the permissible values.
The role of disgust propensity and sensitivity on sexual excitation and inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Angelo Nicole L. , Prestia Davide , Dèttore Davide
Published: December 2019

Sexuality is understudied in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). According to the Dual Control Model, low sexual excitation (SE) and high sexual inhibition (SI) are indicative of a higher probability of experiencing a sexual dysfunction. The present study investigated SE and SI in OCD patients compared with controls. It was hypothesized that OCD patients report lower SE and higher SI than controls. Given their potential role as inhibitors of sexual response, it was hypothesized that in the OCD group higher disgust propensity/sensitivity, contamination/washing symptoms, unacceptable thoughts, and obsessive beliefs predicted lower SE, higher SI due to Threat of Performance Failure, and higher SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences. Seventy-two OCD patients and 72 controls matched on gender/age completed the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-46, Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised, and Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales. OCD patients had higher SE, SI due to Threat of Performance Failure, and SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences than controls. In the OCD group, higher disgust sensitivity, SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences, and perfectionism predicted higher SI due to Threat of Performance Failure. Higher SI due to Threat of Performance Failure and contamination/washing symptoms predicted higher SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences. These findings highlight the presence of sexual difficulties in OCD patients, particularly a higher SE and SI. The latter is especially relevant in those patients with higher disgust sensitivity, contamination/washing symptoms and perfectionism. Psychotherapists should assess and target sexuality during clinicalpractice with OCD patients.
Ignition of Individual Droplets in a Reactive Fuel/Air Mixture behind Reflected Shock Waves
Authors: Niegemann P. , Fikri M. , Kaiser S. A. , Schulz C.
Published: December 2019

Multiphase-induced ignition is frequently discussed as a trigger for early ignition in internal combustion engines. In this context, we investigated the ignition process of single lubricant-oil droplets and their interaction with the bulk air/fuel mixture in a high-pressure shock tube, mimicking oil-fuel interaction in turbocharged internal combustion engines at the end of the compression stroke. A fast micro-dispensing injector released single fuel or lubricant oil droplets with a diameter of 200±50 µm into shock-heated fuel/air mixtures consisting of PRF95 and synthetic air. The injector was flush-mounted in the sidewall of the shock tube. The droplets were released into the gas after the passage of the reflected shock waves at post-shock conditions of 2 MPa and 750-950 K. With a high-frame-rate color camera, the entire evolution of droplet injection and ignition was traced in space and time through a large sapphire window in the endwall of the shock tube. A high-repetition-rate laser at 532 nm was used to illuminate the droplets. The light scattered by the droplets was detected in the green channel of the camera, whereas ignition and soot luminosity were detected in the blue and red channel, respectively. From the camera images the time for the appearance of first detected kernel related to local ignition (originating from either droplet or gaseous ignition) was determined. Additionally, the volume ignition that proceeds after an ignition delay time was determined from the OH* emission time-trace from a photomultiplier tube. It was found that the oil-droplet injection had an influence on the local ignition whereas the ignition delay time was reduced in the low temperature range only.
Engine Oil Fuel Economy: Benefits and Potential Debits of Low Viscosity Engine Oil
Authors: Anderson William B. , Guinther Greg H.
Published: December 2019

There has been a trend in the automotive industry toward the use of lower viscosity engine oils as fuel economy requirements become more demanding across the globe. Lower viscosity fluids may improve fuel economy due to their improved pumpability, lower churning losses, and thinner lubricating films. However, there is one important caveat related to the use of these fluids: the amount of improvement, if any, is hardware design and application dependent. Standard industry fuel economy tests and engines with differing designs may show divergent responses when using lower viscosity engine oils, not always showing an improved fuel economy response. This paper summarizes the work conducted by the authors to demonstrate how and why the inconsistent results in fuel economy can occur with low viscosity oils.
Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Engine with Stratified Charge Combustion and Ozone Addition
Authors: Biswas Sayan , Ekoto Isaac
Published: December 2019

Performance and emissions characteristics for stratified charge spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) with 30 ppm of added ozone (O3) were explored in a single-cylinder, optically accessible, spray-guided, research engine. For the present study, intake pressure and temperature were fixed at 1.0 bar and 42°C respectively, with a range of engine loads (1.5 – 5.5 bar indicated mean effective pressure) and speeds (800 – 1600 revolutions per minute) explored. Fuel stratification achieved by a late-cycle injection of ~ 10–25% of the total fuel was used to maintain stable operation at lower engine loads. For each condition spark timing, second injection SOI, and fuel split ratio between the main and second injection were optimized to maximize engine performance while maintaining nitrogen oxide emissions (NOx) below 5 g/kg-fuel.

Ozone addition was found to decrease specific fuel consumption by up to 9%, with across the board improvement in combustion stability relative to similar conditions without O3. The effect of O3 addition was most substantial for the lowest loads. Moreover, because a higher fraction of the fuel burned was due to end-gas auto-ignition, specific NOx emissions likewise decreased by up to 30%. From complementary measurements of in-cylinder O3 decomposition acquired via an ultraviolet light absorption diagnostic, it was observed that rapid decomposition of O3 into molecular and atomic oxygen coincided with the onset of end-gas auto-ignition. The burst of resultant atomic oxygen was thought to accelerate low-temperature heat release (LTHR) reactions in the end gas. Optimal end-gas auto-ignition started between 20 and 30 crank angles before top dead center with temperatures at LTHR onset estimated to be between 575 and 700 K. An included analysis indicates that the spark deflagration was needed to add between 10 and 40 J of additional thermal energy to the end gas to achieve optimal auto-ignition.
Development of Voltage Control Unit Using a Coupled Inductor with a New Structure for Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Komatsuzaki Akitomo , Choji Tatsuya , Hashino Satoshi
Published: December 2019

Honda has developed an electric powertrain for the new model plug-in hybrid vehicle. In order to realize the EV performance, it was necessary to increase the power output of the high-voltage DC-DC converter to boost the battery voltage (referred to as a “Voltage Control Unit (VCU)” below). An interleaved circuit using the newly developed coupled inductor was employed to reduce the magnetic flux leakage to the exterior as the method of increasing the power density of the VCU. The application of the inductor has increased the continuous power density of the VCU approximately 2.8-fold in comparison with the conventional unit employed in previous Honda hybrids.
Development of Motor Cooling Technology in Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Kato Hiroki , Takizawa Keiji , Yashiro Takahisa , Okazaki Sho , Tabuchi Kenta
Published: December 2019

1
In order to reduce the size and weight of the hybrid motor, improving motor cooling performance is essential. Therefore, we have been working on the development.

This paper will explain the development of cooling technology TOYOTA has been working on, specifically the evolution of the hybrid motor cooling system and structure from the 1st generation Prius to the current model.
A insustentabilidade social violadora de direitos humanos no modelo de controle penal e a privação das capacitações (capabilities)
Authors: Dias Felipe da Veiga , Zambam Neuro José , Silveira Alexandre Marques
Published: December 2019

Considerando a insustentabilidade do controle penal contemporâneo e a banalização do sistema punitivo, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as contribuições de Amartya Sen para a sua avaliação crítica e superação, visando a efetivação dos direitos e garantias básicas dos seres humanos, ou seja, a promoção das capacitações (capabilities). O método de investigação é o dedutivo, juntamente ao procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa da documentação indireta. Concluiu-se, conforme Sen que as soluções para os problemas dependem de opções políticas e investimentos nas necessidades básicas da população, especificamente saúde, educação e projetos habitacionais, diminuindo, assim, as desigualdades, a violência e os preconceitos, alternativas ao insustentável sistema punitivo e seletivo em vigor.
Detection of tar brown carbon with a single particle soot photometer (SP2)
Authors: Corbin Joel C. , Gysel-Beer Martin
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We investigate the possibility that the refractory, infrared-light-absorbing carbon particulate material known as “tarballs” or tar brown carbon (tar brC) generates a unique signal in the scattering and incandescent detectors of a single particle soot photometer (SP2).
As recent studies have defined tar brC in different ways, we begin by reviewing the literature and proposing a material-based definition of tar.
We then show that tar brC results in unique SP2 signals due to a combination of complete or partial evaporation, with no or very little incandescence.
Only a subset of tar brC particles exhibited detectable incandescence (70 % by number); for these particles the ratio of incandescence to light scattering was much lower than that of soot black carbon (BC).
At the time of incandescence the ratio of light scattering to incandescence from these particles was up to 2-fold greater than from soot (BC).
In our sample, where the mass of tar was 3-fold greater than the mass of soot, this led to a bias of <5 % in SP2-measured soot mass, which is negligible relative to calibration uncertainties.
The enhanced light scattering of tar is interpreted as being caused by tar being more amorphous and less graphitic than soot BC.
The fraction of the tar particle which does incandesce was likely formed by thermal annealing during laser heating. These results indicate that laser-induced incandescence, as implemented in the SP2, is the only BC measurement technique which can quantify soot BC concentrations separately from tar while also potentially providing real-time evidence for the presence of tar.
In contrast, BC measurement techniques based on thermal–optical (EC: elemental carbon) and absorption (eBC: equivalent BC) measurements cannot provide such distinctions.
The optical properties of our tar particles indicate a material similarity to the tar particles previously reported in the literature.
However, more- and less-graphitized tar samples have also been reported, which may show stronger and weaker SP2 responses, respectively.
A three-dimensional lithospheric-scale thermal model of Germany
Authors: Anikiev Denis , Lechel Adrian , Gomez Dacal Maria Laura , Bott Judith , Cacace Mauro , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We present a 3-D lithospheric-scale model covering the
area of Germany that images the regional characteristics of the structural
configuration and of the thermal field. The structural model resolves major
sedimentary, crustal and lithospheric mantle units integrated from previous
studies of the Central European Basin System, the Upper Rhine Graben and the
Molasse Basin, together with published geological and geophysical data. A
combined workflow consisting of 3-D structural, gravity and thermal modelling
is applied to derive the 3-D thermal configuration. The modelled temperature
distribution is highly variable in response to an imposed heterogeneous
distribution of thermal properties assigned to the different units. First
order variations in the temperature field are mainly attributed to the
thermal blanketing effect from the sedimentary cover, the variability in the
amount of radiogenic heat produced within the different crystalline crust
compartments and the implemented topology of the thermal
Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary.
An improved post-processing technique for automatic precipitation gauge time series
Authors: Ross Amber , Smith Craig D. , Barr Alan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The unconditioned data retrieved from automated accumulating precipitation gauges is inherently noisy due to the sensitivity of the instruments to mechanical and electrical interference. This noise, combined with diurnal oscillations and signal drift from evaporation of the bucket contents, can make accurate precipitation estimates challenging. Relative to rainfall, errors in the measurement of solid precipitation are exacerbated because the lower accumulation rates are more impacted by measurement noise. Precipitation gauge measurement post-processing techniques are used by Environment and Climate Change Canada in research and operational monitoring to filter cumulative precipitation time series derived from high-frequency, bucket-weight measurements. Four techniques are described and tested here: 1) the operational 15-minute filter (O15), 2) the Neutral Aggregating Filter (NAF), 3) the Supervised Neutral Aggregating Filter (NAF-S), and 4) the Segmented Neutral Aggregating Filter (NAF-SEG). Inherent biases and errors in the first two post-processing techniques have revealed the need for a robust automated method to derive an accurate noise-free precipitation time series from the raw bucket-weight measurements. The method must be capable of removing random noise, diurnal oscillations, and evaporative (negative) drift from the raw data. This evaluation focuses on cold-season (October to April) accumulating-precipitation-gauge data at 1-min resolution from two sources: a control (pre-processed time series) with added synthetic noise and drift; and raw (minimally-processed) data from several WMO Solid Precipitation Inter-Comparison Experiment (SPICE) sites. Evaluation against the control with synthetic noise shows the effectiveness of the NAF-SEG technique, recovering 99%, 100%, and 102% of the control total precipitation for low, medium, and high noise scenarios respectively. Among the filters, the fully-automated NAF-SEG produced the highest correlation coefficients and lowest RMSE for all synthetic noise levels, with comparable performance to the supervised and manually-intensive NAF-S method. Compared to the operational O15 method, NAF-SEG shows a lower bias in 37 of 44 real-world test cases, a similar bias in 5 cases, and a higher bias in 2 cases. The results indicate that the NAF-SEG post-processing technique provides substantial improvement over current automated techniques, reducing both uncertainty and bias in accumulating-gauge measurements of precipitation, with a 24-hour latency. Because it cannot be implemented in real time, we recommend that NAF-SEG be used in consort with a simple real-time filter, such as the operational O15 or similar filter.
An automated fracture trace detection technique using the complex shearlet transform
Authors: Prabhakaran Rahul , Bruna Pierre-Olivier , Bertotti Giovanni , Smeulders David
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Representing fractures explicitly using a discrete fracture network (DFN) approach is often necessary to model the complex physics that govern thermo-hydro-mechanical–chemical processes (THMC) in porous media. DFNs find applications in modelling geothermal heat recovery, hydrocarbon exploitation, and groundwater flow. It is advantageous to construct DFNs from the photogrammetry of fractured outcrop analogues as the DFNs would capture realistic, fracture network properties. Recent advances in drone photogrammetry have greatly simplified the process of acquiring outcrop images, and there is a remarkable increase in the volume of image data that can be routinely generated. However, manually digitizing fracture traces is time-consuming and inevitably subject to interpreter bias. Additionally, variations in interpretation style can result in different fracture network geometries, which, may then influence modelling results depending on the use case of the fracture study. In this paper, an automated fracture trace detection technique is introduced. The method consists of ridge detection using the complex shearlet transform coupled with post-processing algorithms that threshold, skeletonize, and vectorize fracture traces. The technique is applied to the task of automatic trace extraction at varying scales of rock discontinuities, ranging from 100 to 102 m. We present automatic trace extraction results from three different fractured outcrop settings. The results indicate that the automated approach enables the extraction of fracture patterns at a volume beyond what is manually feasible. Comparative analysis of automatically extracted results with manual interpretations demonstrates that the method can eliminate the subjectivity that is typically associated with manual interpretation. The proposed method augments the process of characterizing rock fractures from outcrops.
Colombia, aroma a cielo recién molido: el Eje Cafetero desde el ámbito del medio ambiente
Authors: Maya Vélez Alejandra
Published: December 2019

El siguiente estudio tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el Eje Cafetero, un recurso natural colombiano. En él se recoge información general sobre el país, y de manera concreta sobre los departamentos principales que componen el Eje Cafetero: Caldas, Risaralda y Quindío. Se hace un análisis sobre el medio físico y humano del territorio de estudio, además del entorno y las condiciones en las que se encuentra, siempre que sean de interés para el objeto de estudio. Así mismo se aporta información histórica, cultural y sobre todo de carácter turístico sobre la zona, las figuras de protección que se utiliza para la conservación de estos recursos naturales y las propuestas que se realiza en visión al futuro y a la rentabilidad y sostenibilidad del turismo en la zona. Para completar el estudio, se relaciona la industria cafetera con el turismo en la zona cafetera, poniendo en conocimiento las dificultades de cada sector y las estrategias de actuación que se están realizando para mantener una industria cada vez menos rentable y poner en valor un recurso que cada vez atrae más turistas y puede ser más rentable en este sector. Por último, se habla también de la importancia del café como producto y la relevancia que tiene en la historia y la cultura que se ha generado entorno a dicho producto.
Clustered Social Representation of Active Methodologies in Engineering Courses a case study at Goiás State, Brazil
Authors: Guedes Leonardo Guerra de Rezende , Dos Santos João Pedro Aguiar
Published: December 2019

This work aims to identify changes and trends that favor the students' learning style and autonomy, through a qualitative evaluation of the social representation of students in the development of individual and group activities. Questionnaire application and interviews were carried out at both the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC Goiás) and the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). The questionnaire is based on a 7-point Likert scale, which evaluates 13 items in four dimensions. After answering, each item is analyzed by the k-means clustering method, which groups the data unsupervised according to the levels of similarity of each item. With the result, we can point out what are the aspects that determine the skills and psychosocial profile of students, from this, it will be possible to make changes in the methodology applied to benefit the learning process of students, favoring multidisciplinary skills, the courage to face the students. challenges creatively, the ease of adapting to change, working as a team, valuing and understanding one's point of view - with commitment and ethics.
Estudo longitudinal da halitose por meio da cromatografia gasosa
Authors: Kraether Neto Leo , Schmidt Maas Jorge Ricardo , Pellicioli Fernanda
Published: December 2019

Objetivos: correlacionar os exames organolépticos (método subjetivo) e a cromatografia gasosa (método objetivo) para diagnóstico conclusivo da halitose e avaliar o comportamento dos compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSVs) durante o manuseio clínico desta patologia. Metodologia: estudo longitudinal com 19 pacientes submetidos ao diagnóstico de halitose, com exames organolépticos (EOt1) e cromatografia gasosa (ECGt1) realizados durante a consulta inicial, com todos os pacientes oriundos do município de Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul. Todos os 38 exames complementares foram confrontados entre si, por meio do teste estatístico Qui-Quadrado de independência. Para acompanhamento clínico da efetividade do tratamento da halitose e, consequentemente, análise do comportamento dos CSVs, outros quatro exames de cromatografia gasosa (ECGt2, ECGt3, ECGt4 e ECGt5) foram realizados para cada paciente, e todos (95) comparados entre si, pelo teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: a correlação entre EOt1 e ECGt1 obteve concordância em 78,9% dos casos, indicando forte associação (p = 0,002) entre ambos. Ao avaliar a monitorização dos compostos sulfurados H2S, CH3SH e (CH3)2S, todos envolvidos em alguma fase da gênese da halitose, houve significativa redução de todos os compostos. Conclusões: os exames de cromatografia gasosa (objetivo) e organoléptico (subjetivo) são equivalentes para diagnóstico inicial da halitose, pois apresentaram correlação estatística significante. Em relação à monitorização do tratamento da halitose, a cromatografia gasosa se mostrou eficiente, apresentando altos índices de redução de todos os CSVs.
Conhecimento de professores e estudantes de educação física da Unisul acerca dos protetores bucais na prática de atividades esportivas
Authors: Zorzo Barros Julia , Sartori de Oliveira Andres Guilhermo Enrico , Vieira Martins Marceli , Rausch Pereira Keila Cristina , Xavier Silva Costa Simone
Published: December 2019

A literatura não deixa dúvidas da importância do uso dos protetores bucais (PBs) na prática de esportes de impacto para a prevenção de traumas orofaciais. Objetivo: avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos professores e alunos do Curso de Educação Física da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Unidade Pedra Branca, campus Grande Florianópolis, com relação ao uso dos PBs na prevenção de traumas. Materiais e método: este é um estudo exploratório descritivo, no qual foi aplicado um questionário com questões que avaliaram o conhecimento dos entrevistados. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em uma planilha do Microsoft Excel e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva no software SPSS 20.0. Resultados: foi demonstrado que 93,9% dos entrevistados conheciam os PBs. Com relação ao seu uso, apenas 30,5% dos entrevistados já utilizaram ou utilizam os PBs, sendo que apenas 2,3% utilizam PBs personalizados. Conclusão: pode-se concluir que ainda há pouca informação acerca dos PBs pelos profissionais e alunos do curso de Educação Física, especialmente com relação aos PBs personalizados, que são os mais indicados.
Análise eletromiográfica do efeito da fisioterapia no músculo masseter em pós-operatório de politrauma de face
Authors: De Paiva Natália Francine , Bernardino Júnior Roberto , França Borges Lucas Gabriel , Barbosa Ribeiro dos Santos Edilene , Soares Rocha Flaviana
Published: December 2019

Em situações de acidente, os traumas faciais têm ocupado lugar de destaque, e as fraturas mandibulares compreendem o maior percentual de injúrias tratadas pelos cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais. Intervenções fisioterapêuticas vêm sendo somadas à reabilitação pós-operatória, otimizando a atividade muscular pós-trauma, colaborando na recuperação das funções mastigatórias, de fonação, deglutição e posturais. Objetivo: o presente estudo objetivou comparar a evolução longitudinal da atividade elétrica do músculo masseter por meio de exame eletromiográfico em um indivíduo politraumatizado submetido à fisioterapia e outro com fratura de mandíbula sem tratamento fisioterapêutico. Sujeitos e método: para tal pesquisa, analisou-se um voluntário politraumatizado submetido a tratamento fisioterapêutico, um voluntário com fratura de mandíbula sem tratamento fisioterapêutico e três voluntários sem fraturas como grupo controle. Foi realizada uma primeira coleta de dados eletromiográficos nos primeiros dias após alta do serviço de cirurgia responsável pelo tratamento das fraturas e uma segunda coleta 60 dias após. No indivíduo submetido ao tratamento fisioterápico, realizou-se ainda uma terceira coleta após 90 dias. Resultados: o voluntário politraumatizado submetido ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, em 90 dias, obteve atividade elétrica do músculo masseter, semelhante ao grupo controle. Já o voluntário com fretura mandibular não submetido ao tratamento fisioterapêutico apresentou resultados semelhantes ao grupo controle após 60 dias de alta hospitalar. Considerações finais: conclui-se que a intervenção fisioterapêutica em pacientes politraumatizados é de grande relevância, devolvendo a condição muscular fisiológica de mastigação, no que tange à atividade elétrica, num prazo de até 90 dias, apresentando, além disso, vantagens na redução da sintomatologia desarmonizadora da função.
Transplante dentário autógeno: revisão de literatura e relato de caso clínico
Authors: Warmeling Matheus , Steinner Estivalet Victória , Cristina Conte Paula , Tessinari Jardim Larissa , Genehr Fritscher Guilherme , Miranda Pagnoncelli Rogério
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: o transplante dentário é uma técnica cirúrgica que consiste na movimentação cirúrgica de um dente, podendo ser vital ou tratado endodonticamente, o qual é submetido a uma avulsão do seu local de origem e implantado em outro alvéolo. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, 18 anos, normossistêmico, buscou atendimento no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial da Pontífica Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) apresentando cárie no dente 26. O plano de tratamento consistiu em realizar um autotransplante do dente 28 para o alvéolo do dente 26. Após 8 meses do transplante, o dente apresentava em boas condições periodontais avaliadas clinicamente e em exame radiográfico. Considerações finais: o transplante dentário autógeno pode ser uma opção viável para a substituição de molares ausentes ou com cáries extensas, como mostrado no presente caso clínico.
Yogurt natural a partir de leche con suero lácteo a escala de laboratorio, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Sede Regional del Norte, Estelí Nicaragua
Authors: Videa Bustillo Mariliana , Videa Zelaya Mabel Vanessa
Published: December 2019

La investigación tuvo como finalidad la elaboración de una bebida fermentada (yogurt) resultante de una mezcla entre suero lácteo y leche entera, utilizando tres formulaciones con diferentes proporciones de suero y leche entera 30/70, 50/50 y 70/30, respectivamente. Cumpliendo con las propiedades organolépticas óptimas, buscando la reducción en los costos de producción y a la vez la reutilización del suero lácteo por ser un agente contaminante del ambiente. Para iniciar la elaboración del yogurt, se caracterizó la materia prima utilizando leche fresca entera de vaca y suero fresco del procesamiento de queso, ambas sustancias (leche y suero) se sometieron a análisis físico químico (temperatura, densidad y acidez titulable). Se prepararon los tres tipos de formulaciones de yogurt y se determinó por análisis sensorial que la fórmula que contenía 70% leche y 30% suero, presentó mejores características organolépticas. Con la formulación seleccionada, se realizaron los cálculos de rendimiento productivo y los balances de masa, encontrando que el rendimiento en relación a 3.68 kg de mezcla leche-suero, equivalente al 100% fue de 2.11 kg de yogurt, es decir 54%, siendo este el rendimiento de la producción. A la vez, se calcularon los costos generales para producir 100 envases de yogurt de 250 ml cada uno y se encontró que el costo de producir los 100 envases fue de C$ 1,777.27, dando un costo por unidad de C$ 17.77.
Replanteamiento del presidencialismo en Honduras: Desafíos para el buen ejercicio del poder estatal y la estabilidad democrática
Authors: Matamoros Pineda Anny Lineth
Published: December 2019

La forma de gobierno que un Estado adopta determina el ejercicio y control del poder estatal. Honduras, al igual que la mayoría de países de Latinoamerica cuenta con un sistema presidencialista, el que es objeto de multiples críticas. Entre sus principales cuestionamientos se encuentra, la concentración del poder en el Ejecutivo en detrimento del resto de funciones básicas del Estado. En ese sentido, este artículo tiene por objeto el estudio doctrinal del presidencialismo, con el propósito de determinar si esta forma de gobierno es la más adecuada para Honduras. Para ello, se comparan los controles interorgánicos entre el presidencialismo y el parlamentarismo, este último, al ser una opción para el control del Ejecutivo y consecuentemente para la estabilidad democrática. Finalmente, se presenta el replanteamiento de la forma de gobierno en Honduras, a partir del análisis de su concepción y sus repercusiones en la interrelación entre las funciones básicas del Estado y los controles entre ellas.
La implementación de los Principios Rectores sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos en Honduras. Un análisis de los elementos clave para su puesta en marcha
Authors: López Vásquez Alejandra Paola
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo presenta los resultados alcanzados por el proyecto de investigación científica, no publicado, titulado “La implementación de los Principios Rectores sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos en Honduras. Un análisis de los elementos clave para su puesta en marcha”. Dicha investigación tiene comoobjetivo principal examinar la importancia y utilidad de los Principios Rectores sobre Empresas y DDHH, y las iniciativas desarrolladas en el contexto internacional para su implementación, e identificar los elementos que de acuerdo a la presente investigación deberán ser tomados en cuenta, al construir una propuesta que permita facilitar la implementación de los Principios Rectores sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, que regulan la relación entre la actividad de las empresas trasnacionales y los derechos humanos.
Desarrollo de la antropología física, un aporte a la descolonización cultural en Nicaragua
Authors: García Vásquez Ramiro
Published: December 2019

El desarrollo de la Antropología Física en Nicaragua tiene aproximadamente 30 años, sus orígenes están en las investigaciones del Departamento de Antropología del Museo Nacional de Nicaragua, cuando la Sra. Leonor Martínez de Rocha entonces directora del Museo, decidió contratar un profesionista en Biología para que se hiciera cargo de los análisis de restos etnozoológicos y etnobotánicos que se encontraban en los depósitos arqueológicos. Doña Leonor había trabajado desde muy joven con Don Diocleciano Chávez, Fundador de la Colección del Museo Nacional y él había hecho un reporte periodístico el 23 de enero de 1920 donde informa del hallazgo de restos humanos momificados encontrados en Punta La Cimarrona, Península de Chiltepe-Managua. Este es uno de los primeros hallazgos vinculados a la Paleoantropología en Nicaragua. A partir de la década del 90 fue posible aplicar las técnicas de la Antropología Física para el estudio y caracterización de las poblaciones originarias que se emplazaron en nuestro territorio, se ha podido estudiar una muestra osteológica que data desde el Periodo Holoceno hasta 1856, reconstruyendo sus patrones de asentamientos, alimenticios, el sistema de creencias, características físicas -biológicas y sus sistemas de organización social. Los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de estos 30 años han estructurado esta ponencia en la que se transmitirán elementos de la verdadera historia de nuestros antepasados, la historia que nos han negado, la reconstrucción descolonizada de nuestras raíces culturales ancestrales.
Reflexión crítica sobre la medicina ancestral en la salud pública desde la práctica, dinámica, ámbito y protagonistas
Authors: Duriettz Marenco Marlon A.
Published: December 2019

En el presente trabajo reflexiono críticamente sobre cómo las personas protagonistas concilian las prácticas de la medicina ancestral y medicina occidental en la dinámica de servicio público, en el ámbito del Centro de Salud del Municipio de Nagarote en León – Nicaragua. Para reflexionar, acudo a las categorías de análisis sustentadas en los trabajos sobre dinámicas comunitarias del docente e investigador Luis Felipe Ulloa, en particular las categorías: PRÁCTICA, DINÁMICA, AMBITO Y PROTAGONISTAS. Con relación a lo teórico y metodológico, estoy situado desde constructivismo y la fenomenología como ruta teórica en este trabajo de carácter antropológico, apoyándome en la perspectiva sobre estudios de casos de Gilberto Giménez y Catherine Heau Lambert. Quiero adelantar, que las primeras zambullidas en el contexto me provocaron rápidas conclusiones sobre una promisoria conciliación entre las prácticas de la medicina, tanto ancestral como occidental, dentro de las dinámicas de intervención de servicio públicos, de vida saludable y jurídica política; sin embargo, las posteriores incursiones, diálogos, tertulias, me mostraron valores, creencias y prácticas ancestrales contrapuestas, con el potencial para la aparición de conflictos que ahora se encuentran en el subterráneo, y que son de tipo cultural, abriendo al mismo tiempo la reflexión sobre los liderazgo presentes y emergentes como fuerza de resistencia o transformadora de una realidad más bonita.
A cuatro años de la fundación de la Revista de Ciencias Forenses de Honduras: Logros y retos
Authors: Sabillón Nicolas
Published: December 2019

La Revista de Ciencias Forense de Honduras fue fundada en el año 2015 a fin de llenar un vacío en las Ciencias Forenses Hondureñas, por lo que su creación representa un importante avance en el tema de divulgación de estas disciplinas, a pesar de su tímido inicio, la misma ha venido creciendo saludablemente, no sin enfrentar importantes desafíos que deben ser superados , si es que se espera la misma continúe creciendo y se convierta en un verdadero medio de difusión científica.
Caracterización de casos de Maltrato Infantil, Dirección de Medicina Forense de Tegucigalpa
Authors: Castillo Godoy Norma Dilenia , Matamoros Zelaya Mireya , Pacheco Gustavo Roque , Villanueva Semma Julissa
Published: December 2019

El maltrato infantil es un importante problema de salud pública que afecta la salud y vida de las víctimas, que está presente en todas las culturas y estratos socio económicos y que tiene graves consecuencias de salud para las víctimas. Este estudio caracterizó al niño maltratado evaluado en la Clínica Forense deTegucigalpa, el período 2010 al 2015. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo; se analizaron 267 casos de maltrato infantil. El 95.5% presentó maltrato físico por transgresión. Las características relevantes de las víctimas de maltrato infantil fueron: En su mayoría niñas (57,3%) (t=2,408, df=266, pvalor=0,016), escolares, con 8.6 años de edad promedio, el 46% convivían en el seno de su familia nuclear, el 84,3% fueron agredidas en su vivienda, la madre fue la principal agresora. El maltrato físico por transgresión fue el más reportado, y el cinturón el principal objeto de agresión.
Las pruebas de ADN en el contexto forense parte II. Interpretación estadística
Authors: Villalobos Rangel Héctor
Published: December 2019

Este artículo expone los conceptos básicos de las pruebas de ADN en el contexto forense. Describe como se establece la coincidencia entre el perfil genético de la muestra biológica encontrado en la escena del crimen con el perfil de un sospechoso o imputado; como se estima la probabilidad de que la coincidencia haya sido por azar evaluando la frecuencia del perfil genético en la población, es decir, la probabilidad de que el sospechoso en realidad no haya sido la fuente de la evidencia; y otros parámetros estadísticos importantes al momento de evaluar un análisis de ADN
Frecuencia de heteroplasmia en las regiones hipervariables HVI y HVII del ADN Mitocondrial en una muestra de la población de Maracaibo, Venezuela
Authors: Quintero Ferrer José Miguel , Pardo Govea Tatiana Carolina , Borjas Fuentes Lisbeth Beatriz
Published: December 2019

Justificación: El estudio de los polimorfismos de las regiones hipervariables I y II (HVI y HVII) del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) se ha convertido en una herramienta invaluable para la ciencia forense, ya que en algunas ocasiones un determinado individuo puede presentar más de un tipo de ADN mitocondrial este fenómeno es conocido como Heteroplasmia. Esta coexistencia de dos o más poblaciones de ADNmt puede ocurrir en una sola mitocondria, célula o individuo, lo que puede aumentar la complejidad en la interpretación de los resultados de las experticias forenses. Objetivos: Analizar la frecuencia de la heteroplasmia en las regiones HVI y HVII del genoma mitocondrial en una muestra de la población de Maracaibo. Metodología: Se seleccionaron al azar 50 muestras de ADN de la población de Maracaibo, las regiones hipervariables se amplificaron mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, posteriormente se secuenciaron mediante método de Sanger y los fragmentos se separaron por electroforesis capilar, se reportaron las diferencias con respecto a la secuencia de referencia de Cambridge. Resultados: El 26% de las muestras presentaron heteroplasmia en la región HVI, el 52% en la región HVII. Conclusiones: El hecho de aparecer la heteroplasmia en una determinada secuencia no inválida el uso del análisis del ADN mitocondrial con fines forenses, dependiendo de la complejidad del caso a peritar la heteroplasmia puede ser de gran ayuda.
Aspecto macroscópico del infarto de miocardio secundario a hipotensión arterial
Authors: Durán López César Augusto
Published: December 2019

El patrón circunferencial del infarto de miocardio es producto de la hipotensión al disminuir la perfusión global del corazón.
Percepción de la Seguridad Alimentaria de los Hogares del municipio San Francisco Libre, Managua 2014-2016
Authors: Flores Machado Carmen María
Published: December 2019

El estudio sobre la percepción de la seguridad alimentaria es una contribución al análisis de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional desde el ámbito local para identificar a los grupos de riesgo y de mayor vulnerabilidad. La investigación fue descriptiva y observacional donde se examinaron las características socio demográficas de los jefes de hogar, el acceso y consumo de los alimentos en el hogar, y la suficiencia alimentaria de los hogares de las comunidades: Las Delicias, San Roque y La Huertas y del casco urbano de la cabecera departamental del municipio. Entre los principales resultados se destacan que el 78% de los jefes del hogar son hombres, de estos, agricultores el  52% y su núcleo familiar integrado por 4,2 miembros. El 86% de los hogares sufren inseguridad alimentaria por la falta de acceso a los alimentos en cantidad y calidad adecuada para tener una vida sana en el periodo estudiado. Con mayor grado de severidad en los niveles (inseguros leve y moderado) con un tercio respectivamente de los hogares urbanos y rurales. Lo que evidencia que los hogares han experimentado incertidumbre y preocupación por la falta de alimentos inclusive hambre por la falta de dinero y recursos para acceder a los alimentos en cantidad suficiente y calidad adecuada para gozar de una alimentación saludable. El nivel de suficiencia energético es crítico para el 40% de los hogares y nivel de suficiencia alimentaria deficiente para el 20% de los hogares rurales y urbanos del municipio.
Modelo de pronóstico de precipitación para la ciudad de Managua utilizando redes neuronales artificiales en el contexto de la gestión ambiental
Authors: Ortíz Alina María
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo se propone un modelo numérico de pronóstico de precipitación para la ciudad de Managua, a partir de datos obtenidos por las estaciones meteorológicas: Managua, La Primavera y Casa Colorada (El Crucero), información proporcionada  por el Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER), del período correspondiente a 1950-2014 y otras variables climatológicas como  la Oscilación Ártica (AO), Oscilación del Atlántico Norte (NAO), Índice de Oscilación del Sur (SOI), Índice de Anomalía de la Media Mensual de la Temperatura de la Superficie del Mar (TSM) en el Atlántico tropical Norte, región 5.5º N - 23.5º N y 57.5º W - 15º W (TNA) y el índice oceánico del NIÑO (ONI), a través de teleconexiones. Para la elaboración del modelo se realizó la selección y correlación de variables a través de métodos estadísticos y para encontrar la relación entre estas variables se seleccionó un perceptrón multicapa que es una Red Neuronal Artificial, cuya arquitectura en este caso está compuesta por; una capa de entrada, una capa oculta y una capa de salida. Esta red ha sido entrenada mediante aprendizaje supervisado a través del algoritmo de backpropagation. Dicha red se utilizará para predecir condiciones climáticas en la ciudad, lo cual permitirá contribuir con la toma decisiones acerca del manejo y planificación de las actividades sensibles al clima para hacer frente a posibles desastres naturales.
La perversión de la educación imperialista
Authors: Velloso Santisteban Agustín
Published: December 2019

El imperialismo sigue vivo hoy como hace siglos, aunque con mayor fuerza. Esto se manifiesta en el aumento de su control sobre las poblaciones sometidas y su ingente acaparamiento de los recursos mundiales. Para mantener esta posición emplea, también hogaño como antaño, la cañonera, la religión y la educación. Dentro de la educación formal, mayoritariamente estatal, los gobiernos emplean el sistema educativo como una herramienta más para promover el imperialismo. Su éxito principal es haber logrado que las poblaciones sometidas se resignen a su destino.