bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen as Indicators of Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing VATS and Conventional Pulmonary Lobectomy
Authors: Silins Ints , Apsvalks Maris , Sirgeda Arta , Petersons Aigars , Krams Alvils
Published: November 2014

Introduction. There is still ongoing discussion about superiority of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or VATS approach for performing lobectomy over conventional pulmonary lobectomy performed by open thoracotomy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer at an early stage.

Aim of the study. This encouraged us to conduct a prospective study for evaluation and comparison of the systemic inflammatory response by using these two approaches.

Materials and methods. We have conducted a prospective study for evaluation of C-reactive protein and Fibrinogen as indicators of systemic inflammatory response during early postoperative course. Surgery was prospectively randomised in two groups: 15 patients underwent VATS lobectomy and 15 patients underwent conventional open lobectomy. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, 24 and 72 hours after operation, on the day of drain removal, and 1 and 9 days after the drain removal.

Results. Surgery caused systemic inflammatory response in both groups. The increase in CRP was notably higher in OL group in all measurements except preoperative (p<0,05). The increase in Fibrinogen concentrations was also higher in OL group but statistical significance (p<0,05) was reached only in day of drain removal.

Conclusions. VATS approach caused reduced systemic inflammatory response compared with conventional open thoracotomy approach and was also associated with lesser postoperative pain as duration of chest drains and total amount of drained effusion is significantly smaller.
The Role of Oxidative Stress Markers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Sarkele Marina , Sabelnikovs Olegs , Vanags Indulis , Ozolina Agnese , Skesters Andrejs , Silova Alise
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are likely to suffer from acute respiratory failure (ARF) with a risk of developing acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe condition, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with 30 - 50% mortality. Evidence shows, that important role in ARDS pathophysiology may play an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress is well established in adult critical illnesses characterized by systemic inflammatory response.

Aim of the study was to investigate the influence of oxidative stress species on developing of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients at risk.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital ICU during 6 months in 2013 and approved by ethics committee. There were included 15 ARDS risk patients over 18 years of age with mechanical lung ventilation (MLV) over 24 hours and massive blood component transfusions, acute severe pancreatitis, pneumonia or sepsis. Blood samples were taken three times during observational period- first sample were taken just exactly after inclusion, second sample- on 4th and the last sample- on 7th day after inclusion. The developing of ARDS were diagnosed using revised diagnostic criteria according to the Berlin definition. Reactive oxygen species were measured in plasma using manual or automatic spectrophotometry.

Results. Among included patients 82.4 % were males with the mean age 49.3 years, for female 67 years. The most popular diagnosis was acute severe pneumonia (n= 5; 33.3 %), followed by patients with sepsis (n= 4; 26.7%) and acute severe pancreatitis (n= 4; 26.7%). The most informative marker of oxidative stress among all ARDS risk patients is GPx, which correlates with PaO2/ FiO2 and oxidation index (R= -0.52; p= 0.045 and R= 0.57; p= 0.027) at the 1st day of observation. At the 4th day of observation GPx shows statistically significant relation with the level of PEEP (R= 0.57; p= 0.033). Among ARDS patients we have found correlation between PaO2/FiO2 ratio and MDA+ HNE plasma levels (R= 0.69; p= 0.026) at the 1st day of observation.

Conclusion. Reactive oxygen substances causing oxidative stress shows a dynamic changes in ARDS patients. The changes of some oxidative markers are related to the increased level of hypoxemia and PEEP used in treatment of ARDS patients.
Pre- and Postoperative Long-Term Assessment of Sinus Floor Augmentation Site Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Neimane Laura , Skagers Andrejs
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Sinus lift operations are planned in atrophic maxillary residual alveolar bone. There is little evidence how the quality and quantity of residual bone influence the dimension of sinus lifts.

Aim of the Study. To evaluate relationship between amount of residual alveolar bone and sinus lift dimension.

Materials and Methods. 73 sinuses of 54 patients were included in to the study. Preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography scan of sinus lift operation site was performed. The measurement of atrophic alveolar bone height, width and radiodensity in planned sinus lift area was done. Postoperatively sinus lift height, width and length were measured. The sinus volume difference from both scans was calculated. Amount of bone substitute materials used was registered.

Results. Residual alveolar bone mean height was 3.84 mm SD±2.28, width 7.15 mm SD±2.27, radiodensity 142.74 HU SD±155.38. Postoperatively mean sinus lift height was 15.81 mm SD±2.91, length 18.73 mm SD±5.21, width 12.70 mm SD±2.49. The mean sinus volume difference was 2422.70 mm3 SD± 3415.92. Mean amount of biomaterials used was 1.29 g SD±0.67.

Conclusions. The less bone radiodensity was found in alveolar bone with more dimensions. The less quantity of atrophic alveolar bone leads to increase size of sinus lift.
Open Heart Surgery Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Children
Authors: Krastins Jekabs , Straume Zane , Auzins Janis , Petersons Aigars , Petersons Aivars
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is commonly perceived as a risk factor for decline in renal function. Hypothermia, hypoxia, hypotension, non-pulsatile blood flow during CPB, use of ACE inhibitors, inotropic and (or) vasoactive support affects kidney and contributes to the acute kidney injury (AKI).

Aim of the study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, severity and outcome of CPB related AKI in children after open heart surgery.

Materials and methods. We conducted prospective, non-randomized observational study at the tertiary care University Children’s Hospital Pediatric ICU. We enrolled 30 patients, 12 boys and 18 girls with congenital heart disease (CHD). Their median body weight was 6,8 kg, (IQR 5,2<8,2 kg) and median age 7 months (IQR 5<10 months). SCr was determined and preoperative and postoperative creatinine clearance (ClCr) was estimated using Schwarz formula (eClCr). During surgical repair and till the end of the first 12 postoperative hours urine was collected to measure ClCr, using the difference in urine (UCr) and SCr concentrations (mClCr). Urine output, body temperature, duration of aortic cross clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass was recorded.

Results. Median intraoperative urine output was 2,4 ml/kg/h (IQR 1,29<3,15 ml/kg/h). Median CPB time was 147 min., (IQR 116,75<205 min.), median aortic cross-clamping time was 95 min., (IQR 70,5<133 min.), cooling during CPB to 29,75°C. Postoperative SCr increased to 35 μmol/l (IQR 27,5<50,5 μmol/l) vs. preoperative SCr 29 μmol/l (IQR 24<32,9 μmol/l), P<0,0001. GFR declined from preoperative 98,4 ml/min./1,73 m2 (IQR 89,6<123,04) to postoperative 80,98 ml/min./1,73 m2, (IQR 60,73<97,97 ml/min./1,73 m2), P<0,0001. We find statistically significant difference (P=0,042) in measured 39,88 ml/min./1,73 m2 (IQR 21,96<67,82 ml/min./1,73 m2) versus estimated ClCr (eClCr) 80,98 ml/min./1,73 m2, (IQR 60,73<97,97 ml/min./1,73 m2). Observed prevalence of AKI was 46,6% (14/30 patients met KDIGO criteria for AKI). Conclusions.Open heart surgery in children has severe, but transient effect on expression of renal biomarkers. There was a marked difference between measured and estimated ClCr in our patients. Observed incidence of AKI was 46,6% (14 patients met KDIGO criteria of AKI from 30 of our patients). Before discharge from the hospital both biomarkers returned to normal values.
Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Hospitalized Children with Sepsis and Pneumonia
Authors: Rautiainen Linda , Ince Svetlana , Pavare Jana , Grope Ilze , Tretjakovs Peteris , Gardovska Dace
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Pneumonia is a common childhood lower respiratory tract infection, which accounts for large number of hospitalization and death among children; its diagnosis is based mainly on clinical signs.

Aim of the study was to measure inflammatory cytokine panels in children with pneumonia, and their correlation with clinically used inflammatory markers. Materials and methods. We included 20 patients, hospitalized in Children’s Clinical University hospital, with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and radiologically confirmed pneumonia from October 2011 to January 2013. In all patients cytokine and chemokine panels and clinical inflammatory markers were measured at the time of admission, after 24 hours and on the time of discharge.

Results. 12 different inflammatory cytokines were measured. sFAS, sVCAM1, IL-8, IL-10, TNF alpha, Eotaxin, G-CSF, IL1ra, IP10 and MCP1 showed statistically significant changes between levels of inclusion in the study and levels after 24 hours. G-CSF, IL-8, IFN gamma, TNF alpha and IL-10 showed also medium strong correlation with clinically used inflammatory markers (PCT, CRO, and IL-6).

Conclusions. Inflammatory cytokines show statistically significant changes during course of treatment, thus they could be used in diagnostics in septic patients with pneumonia, and also could show patients response to therapy.
The General Overview and Molecular Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Simtniece Zane , Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze , Gardovskis Janis
Published: November 2014

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive tumours. It is characterized by poor prognosis and short survival after potentially radically surgical treatment. The problem of pancreatic cancer is aggravated by mostly delayed diagnostics and a high number of metastatic cases of pancreatic cancer. The solution could be to find target molecules for early diagnostics and treatment or to find convincing aetiological factors or the most important risk factors. In this study we summarize recently published data of pancreatic cancer development, morphological changes, the pre-neoplastic lesions and the molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, which can help to find specific molecules for tumour detection, tumour progression and treatment.
Thyroid Metastasis as the First Manifestation of Renal Clear Cell Cancer
Authors: Ozolins Arturs , Abolins Arnis , Strumfa Ilze , Vaganovs Peteris , Narbuts Zenons , Gardovskis Janis
Published: November 2014

Thyroid metastases from extra-thyroid primary tumours are reported to be rare, mostly originating from lung, breast or renal cancer. Renal clear cell cancer (RCCC) is a tumour with great metastatic potential, but solitary metastases, especially in the thyroid gland, are uncommon. Here we report an unusual clinical case. In our patient, metastatic thyroid lesion was diagnosed before the primary RCCC. Surgical treatment yielded cancer-free survival, at present lasting already for 1.5 years.
Delayed Pancreatic Metastasis of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Simtniece Zane , Kirsakmens Gatis , Strumfa Ilze , Vanags Andrejs , Pavars Maris , Gardovskis Janis
Published: November 2014

Here, we report surgical treatment of a patient presenting with pancreatic metastasis (MTS) of renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) 11 years after nephrectomy. RCC is one of few cancers that metastasise in pancreas. Jaundice, abdominal pain or gastrointestinal bleeding can develop; however, asymptomatic MTS can be discovered by follow-up after removal of the primary tumour. The patient, 67-year-old female was radiologically diagnosed with a clinically silent mass in the pancreatic body and underwent distal pancreatic resection. The postoperative period was smooth. Four months after the surgery, there were no signs of disease progression.
Low-Grade Rhabdoid Meningioma: Unusual Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Jakovlevs Arvids , Vanags Andrejs , Gardovskis Janis , Strumfa Ilze
Published: November 2014

Rhabdoid meningioma (RM) is a rare type of meningioma. It is classified as a grade III tumour (anaplastic meningioma) in the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we describe a unique case of RM lacking any features of malignancy. Few cases of low-grade RMs are described in the literature in contrast with the grading of this entity in WHO classification.
Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp – a Rare Cause of Significant Gastric Bleeding
Authors: Bogdanova Tatjana , Abolins Arnis , Vanags Andrejs , Vasko Ervins , Gardovskis Janis , Strumfa Ilze
Published: November 2014

Bleeding, including gastrointestinal bleeding, is one of the most frequently encountered problems in surgical practice. The spectrum of causes comprises also an uncommon gastrointestinal pathology - inflammatory fibroid polyp. In order to diagnose the disease correctly and to choose the appropriate treatment, greater awareness of this rare entity is necessary.
Trap Sequence and its Consequences
Authors: Vedmedovska Natalija , Rezeberga Dace
Published: November 2014

TRAP sequence-is a rare, serious malformation with reported incidence 0.3 in 10.000 pregnancies. The prognoses is lethal for the recipient, whereas perinatal mortality and malformation risks are up to 50 % and 10% in pumping twin. We present three cases of TRAP sequence diagnosed and followed at our institution from August to October 2011. Outcome of TRAP sequence depends on the time of diagnoses, treatment modality and timely delivery.
The European Union Training Mission in Mali: A case study
Authors: Dicke Rachel
Published: November 2014

For several years, the European Union (EU) has been increasing its international presence and moving into the role of a global security actor. To support the goal of greater crisis management capabilities, European security integration (ESI) has been deepening. This article therefore examines an Ell operation - the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM Mali) - with the aim of gauging the success of the EU's efforts at ESI. To determine the success of EUTM Mali and thus of ESI, three propositions are examined: if EUTM Mali is a security operation showing successful security integration, there will be evidence of (i) broad participation, (ii) financial burden-sharing and (iii) the successful incorporation of troops and equipment. The first and third propositions are supported whereas the second does not receive as much support. Overall, EUTM Mali shows considerable success and bodes well for further ESI.
Microbiological hazard in buildings based on the example of dwelling houses and public utility buildings in Warsaw
Authors: Wójcik Aleksandra
Published: November 2014

This paper contains preliminary results of mycological research in residential and public buildings in Warsaw and its surroundings. The study focuses on the qualitative survey of fungi in buildings of various categories. It includes research objects divided into six categories depending on the age of the buildings and their use: new buildings and the objects of about twenty years and older, as well as twenty-year single-family houses. Two houses that are in the registry of monuments (National Heritage Institute) were also in the scope of the analysis. There have also been attempts to classify the identified species of fungi into groups of BSL (Biological Safety Level), in order to identify their potential allergenic impact on buildings users. In more than half of the studied objects the most frequently isolated species was Alternaria alternata (55% of cases) and fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Aspergillus niger was identified in 33% of the objects, exclusively in the neglected buildings, including those abandoned for at least one year.
Moulds in biodeterioration of technical materials
Authors: Gutarowska Beata
Published: November 2014

Moulds are microorganisms which play the key role in biodeterioration of technical materials which results from their physiological features and metabolism. Technical materials constitute the source of carbon and energy (wood, paper, textiles, fuels, leather) or the surface for fungal growth (bricks, stone, metal, glass). Moulds characterized by a high biodeterioration activity – enzymatic and acidic, belong mainly to the following genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces and Chaetomium. Members of some taxa (besides the aforementioned also e.g. Stachybotrys, Alternaria, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Scopulariopsis, Trichophyton) growing on technical substances and producing allergens and mycotoxins cause health hazards. Therefore, basing on the knowledge about conditions for mould development and biodeterioration mechanisms, we should appropriately preserve materials against mould growth. Looking for new disinfection methods safe for technical substances in order to inhibit mould growth is also important. Protective applications of biocides should be limited only to materials most sensitive to biodeterioration (paper, textiles, fuels, paints). On the one hand we should take into consideration environmental protection, on the other production of durable, biodegradable materials ensuring the product life cycle.
Syntaxonomic And Nomenclatural Notes On The Scree Vegetation Of Caucas Us
Authors: Belonovskaya Elena A. , Mucina Ladislav , Theurillat Jean-Paul
Published: November 2014

We present description of a new class for the high-altitude screes of the Caucasus (the Lamio tomentosi-Chaerophylletea humilis) and two alliances such as the Scrophulario minimae-Symphyolomion graveolentis (Chaerophylletalia humilis, Lamio tomentosi-Chaerophylletea humilis) and the Scrophulario variegatae-Epilobion dodonaei (Epilobietalia fleischeri, Thlaspietea rotundifolii).
Manihot Esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), A New Alien Species In Italy
Authors: Stinca Adriano , D’Auria Giuseppe , Motti Riccardo
Published: November 2014

In the present work the presence of Manihot esculenta Crantz is reported for the first time for Italy and Europe, a neophyte native to South America: ecology and invasive status are presented.
Phytosociological Analysis Of Communities With Adiantum Capillusveneris In The Foothills Of The Julian Alps (Western Slovenia)
Authors: Dakskobler Igor , Martinčič Andrej , Rojšek Daniel
Published: November 2014

We conducted a phytosociological study of the communities hosting the rare and endangered fern Adiantum capillus-veneris in the foothills of the Julian Alps, in Karst and in Istria. Based on a comparison with similar communities elsewhere in the southern Alps (northern Italy) we classified most of the recorded stands into the syntaxa Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum and -cratoneuretosum commutati. Releves from the southern Julian Alps, located in comparatively slightly colder and moister local climate and the dolomite bedrock are classified into the new subassociation -hymenostylietosum recurvirostri subass. nova. Stands with the abundant occurrence of the liverwort Conocephalum conicum, are classified in to the new subassociation -conocephaletosum conici subass. nova. Stands in conglomerate rock shelters along the Soča at Solkan are classified into the new association Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum ass. nova, a community of transitional character between the classes Adiantetea capilli-veneris and Asplenietea trichomanis.
“The personal has become political”: A secondary teacher’s perceptions of her body in the classroom
Authors: Mallozzi Christine A.
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine how a secondary English teacher considered her body a personal and political matter within her professional settings. Discourse analysis of the participant’s narrative evidences that women teachers are pressured to present certain feminine and heterosexual bodies and present a similar personal life within their pedagogy. The risk in not following suit is being pushed out of the profession, a matter that can be problematic especially when a teacher undergoes personal changes counter to professional expectations. Teacher education responsibility in preparing teacher candidates for a variable professional trajectory is noted.
Loftier Doctrine: The use of Scripture in Justin Martyr’S Second Apology
Authors: Presley Stephen O.
Published: November 2014

Over the past century many scholars have questioned integrity and composition of Justin Martyr’s Second Apology. One frequent criticism is that Justin quotes from a variety of sources in Greco- Roman philosophy, but never once quotes scripture. As a result scholars assume that the Second Apology reveals Justin’s real indebtedness to philosophy that diverges from his broader theological and scriptural concerns expressed in his other works. This article challenges these notions by arguing that scripture is essential Justin’s Second Apology and that the lack of any extended quotations of scripture is no basis to disparage his theological perspective. Careful analysis of Justin’s Second Apology demonstrates that he regularly appeals to the authority of scripture and provides numerous echoes and allusions to scriptural passages. Furthermore, in terms of his theological framework, these echoes and allusions are actually more important than mere quotations. They demonstrate that Justin does not simply quote scripture, but absorbs the scriptural content and applies it to particular theological debates and particular issues of Christian practice.
Circumcision And Soteriology In Cyril Of Alexandria’S Old Testament Commentaries
Authors: Morgan Jonathan
Published: November 2014

Cyril of Alexandria was a prolific biblical commentator who underscored the meaning and relevance of the Old Testament for Christian theology by employing a typological method of interpretation. His exegetical concern was to demonstrate that everything associated with the old covenant- people, events, commandments, institutions-were types and shadows foretelling the ‘mystery of Christ’. The key to understanding the types of the Old Testament is to recognize their soteriological fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Throughout his exegetical writings, Cyril draws particular attention to the Jewish rite of circumcision, showing how the physical operation signifies the saving work of Christ through the Spirit. Cyril does not interpret circumcision in a monolithic sense, but derives multiple soteriological meanings from it. Insofar as circumcision represents a variety of saving realities for Cyril, it helps us understand his complex, multi-faceted doctrine of salvation.
Hepatic splenosis mimicking liver metastases in a patient with history of childhood immature teratoma
Authors: Jereb Sara , Trotovsek Blaz , Skrbinc Breda
Published: November 2014

Background

Hepatic splenosis is rare condition, preceded by splenectomy or spleen trauma, the term refers to nodular implantation of normal splenic tissue in the liver. In patients with history of malignancy in particular, it can be mistaken for metastases and can lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures or inappropriate treatment.

Case report

Twenty-two-year old male was treated for immature teratoma linked to undescended right testicle after birth. On regular follow-up examinations no signs of disease relapse or long-term consequences were observed. He was presented with incidental finding of mature cystic teratoma after elective surgery for what appeared to be left-sided inguinal hernia. The tumour was most likely a metastasis of childhood teratoma. Origin within remaining left testicle was not found. Upon further imaging diagnostics, several intrahepatic lesions were revealed. Based on radiologic appearance they were suspicious to be metastases. The patient underwent two ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Cytologic diagnosis was inconclusive. Histology of laparoscopically obtained tissue disclosed presence of normal splenic tissue and led to diagnosis of hepatic splenosis.

Conclusions

Though hepatic splenosis is rare, it needs to be included in differential diagnosis of nodular hepatic lesions. Accurate interpretation of those lesions is crucial for appropriate management of the patient. If diagnosis eludes after cytologic diagnostics alone, laparoscopic excision of nodular lesion is warranted before considering more extensive liver resection.
The “Man-Labour” System as the Basis for Interdisciplinarity of Pedagogical Science
Authors: Nychkalo Nellya
Published: November 2014

We consider the philosophical and pedagogical aspects of “man-labour” system and justify its interdisciplinarity. On the basis of results of scientific researches the need for an objective systematization and specialization in pedagogy is emphasized. Four areas of education sciences systematization, proposed by Z. Vyatrovsky are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the problems of the dialectical relationship of labour pedagogy, labour psychology and vocational pedagogy in globalization and integration processes. In this context prognostic significance of research aimed at dynamic development of "man-labour" system in the information and technology community is revealed.
Peculiarities of Formation the Informative Competence of Future Translators in Eu Universities
Authors: Dolynskyi Yevhen
Published: November 2014

Over the past decade in the world there has significantly increased the process of globalization, which resulted in high demand for the profession of a translator. For future interpreters it is important to be well informed, to know innovations of the sector, which they have chosen as the major. Therefore, the translator should be able to search for information, and critically evaluate it.

The article deals with the analysis of the application of modern information technology in the future translators training at the universities of the EU countries. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature that investigated aspects of information technology training of future translators at the universities has been made. The most widespread of information technologies that are applied during the translators’ training process have been defined, the possibilities of their application have been grounded. Countries, cities, universities of European Union where such training is carried out have been pointed out.

Also it should be mentioned that the characteristic feature of interpreters' higher education in Europe is that the training program tend to a specialization profile. Their main types are: full program of higher education and independent graduate programs of specialized nature. The skills development of using computer technology makes an important contribution towards improving the quality of education during the professional activity. The change and correction of programs in accordance with the development of information technologies, informatization process, professional translators' interests are carried out in education systems.

In the process of professional training there are used the methods that are aimed at the intensification of the processes of self-education and self-development. An important provision of the Bologna process is the focus of higher education establishments on educational results: knowledge and skills of the graduates should be applied and practically used.
Organizational and Pedagogical Fundamentals of Professional Training of Engineers in the Field of Nanoelectronics in Uk Universities
Authors: Mykhailiuk Maryna
Published: November 2014

The article deals with the organizational and pedagogical principles of the professional training of future nanoelectronics engineers in UK universities. There has been substantiated a number of general didactic and specific principles of the professional training of future nanoelectronics engineers, which facilitate the concretization of content, goals, and tasks of professional training; enhancing the efficiency of the forms and methods of organizing academic activity and its effectiveness; the development of general theoretical and methodological bases of the effective forming in the future engineers of the system of professional knowledge, the skills to use it in their professional activity and deepen it throughout life; skills to masterly use the full arsenal of means and techniques in the process of solving any professional and technical issues. There has been characterized the structure of engineers' training curricula, which envisages the study of core, elective and optional subjects and writing a Master's dissertation. There have been examined the stages of the study organization at the Masters' schools: the practical ones (lectures and seminars) and the theoretical (research) ones. There have been defined the peculiarities of the nanoelectronics specialists' practical training.
Interdisciplinary Concepts for Design and Implementation of Mixed Reality Interactive Neurorehabilitation Systems for Stroke
Authors: Baran Michael , Lehrer Nicole , Duff Margaret , Venkataraman Vinay , Turaga Pavan , Ingalls Todd , Rymer W. Zev , Wolf Steven L. , Rikakis Thanassis
Published: November 2014

Interactive neurorehabilitation (INR) systems provide therapy that can evaluate and deliver feedback on a patient's movement computationally. There are currently many approaches to INR design and implementation, without a clear indication of which methods to utilize best. This article presents key interactive computing, motor learning, and media arts concepts utilized by an interdisciplinary group to develop adaptive, mixed reality INR systems for upper extremity therapy of patients with stroke. Two INR systems are used as examples to show how the concepts can be applied within: (1) a small-scale INR clinical study that achieved integrated improvement of movement quality and functionality through continuously supervised therapy and (2) a pilot study that achieved improvement of clinical scores with minimal supervision. The notion is proposed that some of the successful approaches developed and tested within these systems can form the basis of a scalable design methodology for other INR systems. A coherent approach to INR design is needed to facilitate the use of the systems by physical therapists, increase the number of successful INR studies, and generate rich clinical data that can inform the development of best practices for use of INR in physical therapy.
Christian Polemic and the Nature of the Sensual: Depicting Islam in Arabic Christian Theology
Authors: Dorroll Philip
Published: November 2014

This paper analyses major examples of some of the earliest Christian theological texts written in Arabic, authored within two centuries of the first Christian contact with Islam. These texts also comprise the first systematic Christian theological critiques of Islam written in Arabic. As with many later Christian polemical engagements with Islam, these texts attempt to associate Islam with violence and sensuality. This paper analyses this highly influential theological and rhetorical strategy and shows that it in fact reveals some of the key theological differences between Christian and Muslim theological paradigms. This analysis suggests that Christian and Muslim theological misunderstanding may be discursively located within differing theologies of the body and materiality.
China's ‘Christian General’ Feng Yuxiang, the Evangelist Jonathan Goforth and the Changde Revival of 1919
Authors: Mariani Paul P.
Published: November 2014

General Feng Yuxiang (1882–1948), China's ‘Christian General’, had already been a Christian for about six years before he decided systematically to evangelise his troops while they were stationed in northern Henan. He was convinced that Christianity would save his men and, in the process, would save China. To this end, Feng invited the Canadian missionary Jonathan Goforth (1859–1936) to hold a remarkable series of revivals in the late summer of 1919. During these revivals, which were modelled on the work of the evangelist Charles Finney, Feng himself broke into prayer in front of his men, and eventually 507 of Feng's troops were baptised. By the time of Goforth's second visit to Feng – a little over a year later – over 5,000 of the 9,000-man brigade had been baptised. This study will rely on Goforth's journal from 1919, Feng's own diaries, and other material to see how Goforth and Feng worked together to Christianise a significant segment of Feng's army. So did the ‘Christian General’ ultimately form a ‘Christian Army’ or even an indigenous church? Did Goforth's revivals in Feng's army have any long-term effect? Was Feng a convinced Christian, a Chinese patriot or simply an opportunist? This study seeks to answer these questions. 1
Homosexuality, Politics and Pentecostal Nationalism in Zambia
Authors: Klinken Adriaan van
Published: November 2014

Building upon debates about the politics of nationalism and sexuality in post-colonial Africa, this article highlights the role of religion in shaping nationalist ideologies that seek to regulate homosexuality. It specifically focuses on Pentecostal Christianity in Zambia, where the constitutional declaration of Zambia as a Christian nation has given rise to a form of ‘Pentecostal nationalism’ in which homosexuality is considered to be a threat to the purity of the nation and is associated with the Devil. The article offers an analysis of recent Zambian public debates about homosexuality, focusing on the ways in which the ‘Christian nation’ argument is deployed, primarily in a discourse of anti-homonationalism, but also by a few recent dissident voices. The latter prevent Zambia, and Christianity, from accruing a monolithic depiction as homophobic. Showing that the Zambian case presents a mobilisation against homosexuality that is profoundly shaped by the local configuration in which Christianity defines national identity – and in which Pentecostal-Christian moral concerns and theo-political imaginations shape public debates and politics – the article nuances arguments that explain African controversies regarding homosexuality in terms of exported American culture wars, proposing an alternative reading of these controversies as emerging from conflicting visions of modernity in Africa. 1
An Active Power Sharing Method among Distributed Energy Sources in an Islanded Series Micro-Grid
Authors: Yang Wei-Man , Wang Xing-Gui , Li Xiao-Ying , Liu Zheng-Ying
Published: November 2014

Active power-sharing among distributed energy sources (DESs) is not only an important way to realize optimal operation of micro-grids, but also the key to maintaining stability for islanded operation. Due to the unique configuration of series micro-grids (SMGs), the power-sharing method adopted in an ordinary AC, DC, and hybrid AC/DC system cannot be directly applied into SMGs. Power-sharing in one SMG with multiple DESs involves two aspects. On the one hand, capacitor voltage stability based on an energy storage system (ESS) in the DC link must be complemented. Actually, this is a problem of power allocation between the generating unit and the ESS in the DES; an extensively researched, similar problem has been grid-off distributed power generation, for which there are good solutions. On the other hand, power-sharing among DESs should be considered to optimize the operation of a series micro-grid. In this paper, a novel method combining master control with auxiliary control is proposed. Master action of a quasi-proportional resonant controller is responsible for stability of the islanded SMG; auxiliary action based on state of charge (SOC) realizes coordinated allocation of load power among the source. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the auxiliary control does not influence the master action.
Are Biophilic-Designed Site Office Buildings Linked to Health Benefits and High Performing Occupants?
Authors: Gray Tonia , Birrell Carol
Published: November 2014

This paper discusses the first phase of a longitudinal study underway in Australia to ascertain the broad health benefits of specific types of biophilic design for workers in a building site office. A bespoke site design was formulated to include open plan workspace, natural lighting, ventilation, significant plants, prospect and views, recycled materials and use of non-synthetic materials. Initial data in the first three months was gathered from a series of demographic questions and from interviews and observations of site workers. Preliminary data indicates a strong positive effect from incorporating aspects of biophilic design to boost productivity, ameliorate stress, enhance well-being, foster a collaborative work environment and promote workplace satisfaction, thus contributing towards a high performance workspace. The longitudinal study spanning over two years will track human-plant interactions in a biophilic influenced space, whilst also assessing the concomitant cognitive, social, psychological and physical health benefits for workers.
Photocatalytic H2 Evolution Using Different Commercial TiO2 Catalysts Deposited with Finely Size-Tailored Au Nanoparticles: Critical Dependence on Au Particle Size
Authors: Kmetykó Ákos , Mogyorósi Károly , Pusztai Péter , Radu Teodora , Kónya Zoltán , Dombi András , Hernádi Klára
Published: November 2014

One weight percent of differently sized Au nanoparticles were deposited on two commercially available TiO2 photocatalysts: Aeroxide P25 and Kronos Vlp7000. The primary objective was to investigate the influence of the noble metal particle size and the deposition method on the photocatalytic activity. The developed synthesis method involves a simple approach for the preparation of finely-tuned Au particles through variation of the concentration of the stabilizing agent. Au was deposited on the TiO2 surface by photo- or chemical reduction, using trisodium citrate as a size-tailoring agent. The Au-TiO2 composites were synthetized by in situ reduction or by mixing the titania suspension with a previously prepared gold sol. The H2 production activities of the samples were studied in aqueous TiO2 suspensions irradiated with near-UV light in the absence of dissolved O2, with oxalic acid or methanol as the sacrificial agent. The H2 evolution rates proved to be strongly dependent on Au particle size: the highest H2 production rate was achieved when the Au particles measured ~6 nm.
Alternative Methods for the Detection of Emerging Marine Toxins: Biosensors, Biochemical Assays and Cell-Based Assays
Authors: Reverté Laia , Soliño Lucía , Carnicer Olga , Diogène Jorge , Campàs Mònica
Published: November 2014

The emergence of marine toxins in water and seafood may have a considerable impact on public health. Although the tendency in Europe is to consolidate, when possible, official reference methods based on instrumental analysis, the development of alternative or complementary methods providing functional or toxicological information may provide advantages in terms of risk identification, but also low cost, simplicity, ease of use and high-throughput analysis. This article gives an overview of the immunoassays, cell-based assays, receptor-binding assays and biosensors that have been developed for the screening and quantification of emerging marine toxins: palytoxins, ciguatoxins, cyclic imines and tetrodotoxins. Their advantages and limitations are discussed, as well as their possible integration in research and monitoring programs.
Evaluation of the Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Wild and Cultivated Mushrooms of Ghana
Authors: Obodai Mary , Ferreira Isabel , Fernandes Ângela , Barros Lillian , Mensah Deborah , Dzomeku Matilda , Urben Arailde , Prempeh Juanita , Takli Richard
Published: November 2014

Knowledge of the chemical composition of both wild and cultivated edible mushrooms in Ghana is limited. This study reports their nutritional value, composition in lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules, minerals and antioxidant properties. The samples were found to be nutritionally rich in carbohydrates, ranging from 64.14 ± 0.93 g in Pleurotus ostreatus strain EM-1 to 80.17 ± 0.34 g in Lentinus squarrosulus strain LSF. The highest level of proteins (28.40 ± 0.86 g) was recorded in the mentioned P. ostreatus strain. Low fat contents were registered in the samples, with Auricularia auricula recording the lowest value. High levels of potassium were also observed with the following decreasing order of elements: K > P ~ Na > Mg > Ca. High levels of antioxidants were also observed, thus making mushrooms suitable to be used as functional foods or nutraceutical sources. Furthermore, this study provides new information regarding chemical properties of mushrooms from Ghana, which is very important for the biodiversity characterization of this country.
Influence of Post-Treatment Operations on Structural Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Octahedral Anatase Titania Particles Prepared by an Ultrasonication-Hydrothermal Reaction
Authors: Wei Zhishun , Kowalska Ewa , Ohtani Bunsho
Published: November 2014

The influence of changes in structural and physical properties on the photocatalytic activity of octahedral anatase particles (OAPs), exposing eight equivalent {101} facets, caused by calcination (2 h) in air or grinding (1 h) in an agate mortar was studied with samples prepared by ultrasonication (US; 1 h)–hydrothermal reaction (HT; 24 h, 433 K). Calcination in air at temperatures up to 1173 K induced particle shape changes, evaluated by aspect ratio (AR; d001/d101 = depth vertical to anatase {001} and {101} facets estimated by the Scherrer equation with data obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns) and content of OAP and semi-OAP particles, without transformation into rutile. AR and OAP content, as well as specific surface area (SSA), were almost unchanged by calcination at temperatures up to 673 K and were then decreased by elevating the calcination temperature, suggesting that calcination at a higher temperature caused dull-edging and particle sintering, the latter also being supported by the analysis of particle size using XRD patterns and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images. Time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) showed that the maximum signal intensity (Imax), corresponding to a product of charge-carrier density and mobility, and signal-decay rate, presumably corresponding to reactivity of charge carriers, were increased with increase in AR, suggesting higher photocatalytic activity of OAPs than that of dull-edged particles. Grinding also decreased the AR, indicating the formation of dull-edged particles. The original non-treated samples showed activities in the oxidative decomposition of acetic acid (CO2 system) and dehydrogenation of methanol (H2 system) comparable to and lower than those of a commercial anatase titania (Showa Denko Ceramics FP-6), respectively. The activities of calcined and ground samples for the CO2 system and H2 system showed almost linear relations with AR and Imax, respectively, suggesting that those activities may depend on different properties.
Recent Advances in the Chemical Composition of Propolis
Authors: Huang Shuai , Zhang Cui-Ping , Wang Kai , Li George , Hu Fu-Liang
Published: November 2014

Propolis is a honeybee product with broad clinical applications. Current literature describes that propolis is collected from plant resins. From a systematic database search, 241 compounds were identified in propolis for the first time between 2000 and 2012; and they belong to such diverse chemical classes as flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenenes, stilbenes, lignans, coumarins, and their prenylated derivatives, showing a pattern consistent with around 300 previously reported compounds. The chemical characteristics of propolis are linked to the diversity of geographical location, plant sources and bee species.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel 2H-Chromene Derivatives Bearing Phenylthiazolidinones and Their Biological Activity Assessment
Authors: El Azab Islam , Youssef Mohamed , Amin Mahmoud
Published: November 2014

6-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carbaldehyde (2), 6-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carbaldehyde (3) and 6-hydrazinyl-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (5) were prepared as single-pharmacophore motif key intermediates. Compounds 2, 3 and 5 were incorporated in a series of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), under microwave assistance as well as conventional chemical synthesis processes, to afford a series of three and/or four-pharmacophoric-motif conjugates 8a,b, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19 and 20 in good yields. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental analyses. Finally the synthesized compounds have been screened for their biological activity whereupon they exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity on different classes of bacteria and the fungus.
Reduced Anxiety in Forensic Inpatients after a Long-Term Intervention with Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Hansen Anita , Olson Gina , Dahl Lisbeth , Thornton David , Grung Bjørn , Graff Ingvild , Frøyland Livar , Thayer Julian
Published: November 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Atlantic salmon consumption on underlying biological mechanisms associated with anxiety such as heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) as well as a measure of self-reported anxiety. Moreover, these biological and self-reported outcome measures were investigated in relation to specific nutrients; vitamin D status, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Ninety-five male forensic inpatients were randomly assigned into a Fish (Atlantic salmon three times per week from September to February) or a Control group (alternative meal, e.g., chicken, pork, or beef three times per week during the same period). HRV measured as the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), HR, state- and trait-anxiety (STAI), were assessed before (pre-test) and at the end of the 23 weeks dietary intervention period (post-test). The Fish group showed significant improvements in both rMSSD and HR. The Fish group also showed significant decreases in state-anxiety. Finally, there was a positive relationship between rMSSD and vitamin D status. The findings suggest that Atlantic salmon consumption may have an impact on mental health related variables such as underlying mechanisms playing a key role in emotion-regulation and state-anxiety.