bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shared Perceptions of Personal Moral Development: An Inquiry in Social Research
Authors: Maldonado, Nancy , Efinger, Joan , Lacey, Candace H.
Published: September 2018

This qualitative study investigated perceptions of 14 contemporary moral leaders regarding primary influences on their moral development. Findings indicated a number of important factors influenced the participants’ moral development, including parents, spirituality, education/mentors/friends, and peak experiences. This study has implications for those in the caring professions for their own moral leadership development and their support of others. Awareness of the factors that influenced the 14 participants, recognized for their moral leadership, can promote a keen awareness of moral formation factors. Transformational therapeutic approaches may be used to support positive moral leadership development during stressful life shifts and experiences.
Abortion in the Web of Relationship: Negotiating the Abortion Decision Through a Lens of Care
Authors: Avalos Lisa R.
Published: September 2018

Does the public abortion debate in the United States bear any relation to women’s private discourse about their abortion experiences? In this work—a qualitative study of the abortion narratives of 20 women—I argue that the familiar pro-choice and pro-life frameworks that have dominated public abortion discourse do not begin to provide a suitable forum for the collective expression and understanding of women’s personal abortion stories. By focusing on the conflicting rights of the parties involved, these frameworks leave us poorly equipped to understand how women experience abortion as members of social networks where interdependence and connection are important. While the debate emphasizes conflicting rights, women articulate their experiences with abortion in ways that emphasize relationship, care, and connection to others. By drawing on the work of theorists such as Dorothy Smith, Jean Baker Miller, Carol Gilligan, and Georg Simmel, I illuminate the misappropriation of women’s abortion experience in the public debate, relating this phenomenon to the social-structural context in which it and other exclusions of subordinate groups occur.
Bladder Cancer as a Chronic Condition: A Phenomenological Case Study
Authors: Hilton Edith L. , Henderson, Lesley J.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this phenomenological case study was to disclose the lived experiences of a woman survivor of invasive bladder cancer who underwent reconstructive surgery resulting in re-established urinary continence. Post-operatively she experienced pain, loss of urinary continence, body image alterations, and fear of recurrent malignancy. Data revealed the chronic nature of managing re-established urinary continence after bladder cancer, the uncertainty of long-term survival, and the complexity of the sudden loss of urinary continence.

Findings revealed transformation with additional themes including: unknowing, awareness overlaid with suffering, loss of self, the insider’s view, metamorphosis, restoration, and the unfolding path.
Two Art Forms Illuminating the Lived Experience of People “Waiting to Know”
Authors: Locsin, Rozzano C.
Published: September 2018

“Waiting to know” is a phenomenon uniquely experienced by contact persons—individuals exposed to persons with life-threatening illnesses, such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola) but yet to exhibit signs and symptoms of the disease. Art forms representing these experiences can illuminate and enhance the appreciation of this phenomenon. Using thematic statements derived from written descriptions of experiences, selected art works such as painting and music, illustrate the experience of “waiting to know.” Through the art works’ describing thematic statements, encounters are appreciated anew, facilitating the understanding of the uncertainty of the moment. Understanding the meaningful expression of living the experience through these arts acknowledge the process of nursing as knowing persons as whole and complete in the moment, living their lives fully with hopes, dreams, and aspirations.
Faculty Stories of Facilitating Caring Groups
Authors: Kosowski, Margaret , Wilson, Carol B. , Grams, Kathryn
Published: September 2018

Previous research findings from the student’s experience support caring groups as an experiential strategy for teaching and learning caring in a BSN program focusing on a caring philosophy. This study explores the caring group experience from the perspective of nine faculty members who served as faculty facilitators for caring groups. Data regarding faculty stories was essential to complete the understanding of the experience of student and teacher. Findings from this study include the belief that faculty viewed the caring group experience as essential in providing opportunities for students to learn and practice the art and science of caring. Through participation in caring groups as facilitators, faculty experienced increased self-awareness, personal growth, and opportunities to reexamine pedagogical practices. Faculty also identified inherent burdens in facilitating a caring group.
Proficiency with Technology and the Expression of Caring: Can We Reconcile these Polarized Views?
Authors: Musk Alison
Published: September 2018

This article examines the apparent role conflict created by the need for nurses to be technically competent while remaining caring. It questions whether this conflict is a true reflection of modern day nursing practice. The impact of technology on the role of the nurse in healthcare environments is explored and contrasted with everyday nursing practices that are patient-centered. The contributions and risks of nursing science are discussed, as is the conflict of science and art. Nurses’ role in humanizing the dehumanizing effect of healthcare technology is emphasized; the importance of the patient as the focus of nursing practice is asserted.
Relationship-Centered Care: The Expanding Cup Model
Authors: Manning-Walsh Juanita
Published: September 2018

Relationships are at the core of human needs. However, despite nursing’s long history of emphasizing caring in relationships, the focus of healthcare delivery and education, defined largely by the biomedical model, has been on illness, curing, and healthcare financing. This conceptual framework is an interdisciplinary model developed to provide a guide for healthcare practitioners and educators in both practice and curricular development. It will appeal to those of many disciplines who want to infuse curricula or organizations with a new sense of meaning and spirit. RCC: the expanding cup model provides new insights and opportunities for intervention and research within the context of relationships.
Hope and Hopelessness – Nourishment for the Patient’s Vitality
Authors: Lindholm, Lisbet , Holmberg, Maria , Mäkelä, Carita
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this inquiry was to increase the understanding of the significance of hope and hopelessness for patients’ vitality. Fifty women suffering from breast cancer have contributed their stories. The stories were submitted to an analysis of content and were interpreted within the framework of Eriksson’s theory. The findings show that hope and hopelessness succeed each other in a borderland situation of threatening death. The threat of death opens up the possibility of receiving hope. Communion with others and meaning in life are the sources of hope that provide strength to live and to endure hopelessness. Hope and hopelessness presuppose each other and stimulate vitality, the core substance of health.
“Discovery of Connections — Societal Needs, Nursing Practice, and Caring-Healing Theory: My Story”
Authors: McClendon Pat
Published: September 2018

My story reflects not an uncommon journey through nursing education and practice. It reflects the hope inspired by the theory of caring and the healing of a wounded healer. Nursing practice is caught between the science of nursing and the overarching medicalization of healthcare creating tensions within nursing’s discipline, science, and practice. Society’s current health needs and demands are rapidly changing. Understanding these contextual forces brings nursing to a new territory for the sake of society’s health and for the preservation of nursing’s domain. Watson’s caring-healing theory responds to society’s healing needs, reflects nursing’s core simplicity, and gives us hope.
El yogur y recomendaciones dietéticas en la intolerancia a la lactosa
Authors: Saborido Rebeca , Leis Rosaura
Published: September 2018

--
Compuestos bioactivos de alimentos como coadyuvantes a los tratamientos de cáncer de mama: vitamina D y omega-3
Authors: Bermejo Laura M.ª , Gómez-Candela Carmen , Dahdouh Sergio , López Plaza Bricia
Published: September 2018

--
Studi Analisis Motivasi Lulusan Pendidikan Vokasional Konstruksi Bangunan Universitas Negeri Jakarta Terhadap Bidang Kerja Non-Kependidikan (Konstruksi)
Authors: Kurniawan Fikri , Saleh Rosmawita , Murtinugraha R. Eka
Published: September 2018

Abstract

This study aims to obtain conception of motivation from graduates of Vocational Education of Building Construction in Faculty of Engineering, State University of Jakarta, to the non-educational work field (construction). It was conducted since Juni to July 2018.

This study was conducted on graduates of bachelor degree of Vocational Education of Building Construction, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Jakarta. It uses descriptive method that is qualitative, the data retrieval technique is done by spreading the quistionnaire via google form to make it easier to get the quistionnaire answer.

The result obtained from this study is that graduates of Vocational Education of Building Construction have high motivation to the non-educational work field (construction), they are motivatied by desires and ambitions (84%), impulses and needs (83%), hopes and aspirations (85%), exciting activities (84%), awards (80%), environmental influences that affect graduates to work in the non-educational work field (73%). It becomes the result that graduates of Vocational Education of Building Construction, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Jakarta, have a very high motivation to the non-educational work field (construction).

 

Keywords: Graduates Motivation, Non-educational work field
Taiwan’s Annual Seasonal Influenza Mass Vaccination Program—Lessons for Pandemic Planning
Authors: Meyer Diane , Shearer Matthew P. , Chih Yi-Chien , Hsu Yu-Chen , Lin Yung-Ching , Nuzzo Jennifer B.
Published: September 2018

Rapid medical countermeasure (MCM) dispensing is an important intervention during a public health emergency. In the United States, MCM planning and exercising efforts have largely focused on dispensing therapeutics, with less emphasis on mass vaccination operations that would require additional specialized staff and infrastructure. Difficulties in distributing vaccines during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic highlighted the need for enhanced planning and exercising of plans for conducting mass vaccination campaigns.

In Taiwan, seasonal influenza mass vaccination campaigns are conducted annually, which both mitigate the effects of seasonal influenza and serve as functional exercises for mass vaccination operations during a pandemic. To identify lessons that can be applied to mass vaccination planning in the United States and elsewhere, we conducted an in-person observation and data review of Taiwan’s annual seasonal influenza mass vaccination efforts in October 2017.

We offer findings and recommendations for enhancing preparedness for seasonal and pandemic influenza and other public health emergencies that would require mass vaccination.
The mechanism of higher education funding in Ukraine: nationwide and local perspective
Authors: Degtyarova Iryna , Hryhorash Olha , Chentsov Victor
Published: September 2018

Despite positive transformations in higher education in Ukraine since 2014 when a new Law was introduced, the system of public funding still remains a highly centralized and strongly budgetary dependent based on the state planning methods, which in the situation of lack of resources becomes more imbalanced and inefficient.The current system of allocation of the “state order for training the specialists with higher education” does not ensure an equal and fair competition among top 10 universities and the rest, especially regional, and the system cannot guarantee state-funded places to all applicants with high results of the External Independent Testing exams. At the same time, only a small share of graduates work on the specialty they acquired. The situation on the labor market does not encourage graduates to be employed in public institutions, which is harmful for the public sector of economy, especially in the regions. It proves that the system of distribution and allocation of government funding between higher education institutions in Ukraine needs urgent reforming.The objective is to analyze the current system of higher education funding in Ukraine in its national dimension and local perspective, and to develop proposals for its improvement, considering the selected good practices and using the following methods: literature analysis, method of retrospective analysis to research budgetary expenditures, determining the Net Present Value for calculating the government cost. Finally, a feasible proposal to reform the mechanism of public higher education funding was developed.
South Africa University students’ perceptions of key education service quality determinants
Authors: Sanjay Soni , Govender Krishna
Published: September 2018

Understanding higher education (HE) service quality is critical for success in a highly competitive environment, since through a better understanding of the determinants of HE service quality, HE managers and leaders could better manage HE service quality better. A survey was conducted among a purposive judgmental sample of 400 students, from two HE institution campuses in SA, to identify their perceptions of key service quality determinants (KSQDs), and the importance of the KSQDs, by using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was ascertained that students ranked KSQDs as follows: Responsiveness, Assurance, Reliability, Tangibles, and Empathy (RARTE), and in terms of their importance, the KSQDs were ranked as follows: Responsiveness, Reliability, Assurance, Empathy and Tangibles (RRAET). Higher education leadership should take note of the KSQDs and focus their resources on these in order to create an organization that is student-centric.
Hospital Engineering of Medical Devices in France
Authors: Moumaris Mohamed , Bretagne Jean-Michel , Abuaf Nisen
Published: September 2018

Biomedical engineering handles the organization and functioning of medical devices in the hospital. This is a strategic function of the hospital for its balance, development, and growth. This is a major focus in internal and external reports of the hospital. It's based on piloting of medical devices needs and the procedures of biomedical teams’ intervention. Multi-year projects of capital and operating expenditure in medical devices are planned as coherently as possible with the hospital's financial budgets. An information system is an essential tool for monitoring medical devices engineering and relationship with medical services.
Effectiveness of Low Glycemic Index Diet Consultations Through a Diet Glycemic Assessment App Tool on Maternal and Neonatal Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Liping , Yang Wenhong , Niu Dayan , Li Chunying , Wang Liling , Gu Ping , Xia Yingqian , Shen Ying , Yan Juhua , Zhao Qian , Mu Kai , Yan Weili
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Low glycemic index (LGI) diet has shown to be effective in reducing maternal and neonatal complications in high-risk pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE

This trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of individualized LGI diet consultations based on the accurate diet glycemic load (GL) assessment tool on maternal and neonatal insulin resistance levels and diet behavior changes in overweight and obese pregnant women.

METHODS

Overweight and obese pregnant women were recruited before 16 weeks of gestation and randomized to the LGI diet arm or the control arm. All participants received standard dietary education according to the Chinese Dietary Guide for Pregnant Women. In the intervention arm, additional individualized dietary GL assessments were performed using an app and instructions of lowering diet glycemic index (GI) to achieve LGI diet were provided by a clinical dietitian at early, middle, and late gestation. Primary outcomes were serum insulin at late gestation, incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for mothers, and cord blood C-peptide level of neonates.

RESULTS

In total, 400 subjects were randomized and received different interventions. There were no significant differences in maternal serum insulin levels (13.2 [9.3−13.2] uU/mL vs 12.4 [10.5−12.4] uU/mL), incidence of GDM (45 [22.5%] vs 43 [21.5%]), or cord blood C-peptide levels (mean 0.9ng/mL [SD 0.7] vs mean 0.8ng/mL [SD 0.6]) in the intervention group compared with the controls. The diet GI at late gestation was similar (mean 63.2 [SD 10.4] vs mean 64.3 [SD 10.4]), whereas greater diet fiber intake was observed in the intervention group (mean 11.6 grams [SD 8.0] vs mean 9.0 grams [SD 5.6]; P=.006). Adherence measurements did not significantly differ between 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Individualized LGI diet consultations for overweight and obese pregnant women failed to make a significant difference in maternal or neonatal insulin resistance compared with the standard gestational diet consultation.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01628835; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01628835 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77LHgWP0k)
DRUG-INDUCED EOSINOPHILIA SECONDARY TO THE COTRIMOXAZOLE ADMINISTRATION IN ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS
Authors: Moshari Jalil , Niazkar Hamid Reza , Shahri Mehdi Karimi , Ghorbani Mohammad , Darafshi Raheleh
Published: September 2018

Peripheral blood eosinophilia is a common finding in the daily clinical practice. Drug-induced eosinophilia is usually benign but sometimes can be accompanied by tissue damage. In most cases, the eosinophilia resolves once the drug is withdrawn. However, the disease in some cases can persist in spite of the drug withdrawal. In this study, a case of drug-induced eosinophilia secondary to the cotrimoxazole intake is presented.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES EXTRACT OF BOEHMERIA RUGULOSA
Authors: Shukla Abha , Choudhary Anchal
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate in vitro antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of leaves of Boehmeria rugulosa by different methods.Methods: In vitro α-glucose and α-amylase were used for antidiabetic activity and lipoxygenase, and protein denaturation method of inhibition assays was used to measure anti-inflammatory activity. Successive extraction of leaves petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CH), ethyl acetate (EA), acetone (AC), and ethanol (ETH) was performed, and extracts obtained from the extraction were applicable to these activities.Results: The AC extract of leaves shows significantly in vitro antidiabetic activity, and AC has offered significant result 470.07±0.65 μg/mL in the inhibition of α-glucosidase and also for α-amylase assay 698.15±1.71 μg/mL. Acarbose was used as standard. In lipoxidase method, AC had shown better results and in protein denaturation method EA shown the higher inhibition (78.06±0.5 μg/ml) than the other extracts. The standard drug diclofenac sodium also offered significant inhibition against lipoxidase enzyme method with IC50 value 21.76±1.29 μg/mL.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the AC and EA possess potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro conditions.
A BRIEF REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CARISSA SPINARUM L.
Authors: Ansari Imtiyaz , Patil Diptesh T
Published: September 2018

Carissa spinarum L. belongs the Apocynaceae family, which officially itself has 94 synonyms and misspelled, misapplied, invalid, and illegitimate names. The plant is known as “Magic Shrub” in some of the African countries, as it is a source of treatment for various diseases and disorders. The plant contains certain major bioactive constituents such as acids, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins which are responsible for medicinal value. Traditionally, the plant is used for treatment of malaria, chest complaints, stomach-ache, diarrhea, worms, a cough remedy, eye cataracts, gastric ulcers, polio, cancer, hypertension, kidney complication and for treating herpes, infertility, diabetes, asthma, rheumatism, and infections such as gonorrhea, syphilis, sickle-cell anemia, hernia, rabies, typhoid fever, jaundice, sexual asthenia in males, measles, and as a cough expectorant. Apart from this, the plant is evaluated for various pharmacological activities by employing the animal models. The review has been written with the aim to provide a direction for further clinical research to promote safe and effective herbal treatments to cure a number of diseases.
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF GREATER NOIDA NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION OF INDIA
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Pandey Sonali , Nagtilak Suryakant
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to define its predictors in urban and rural patients presenting to tertiary care hospitals located in Greater Noida district Gautam Budh Nagar, India.Methods: A total of 367 participants recruited in the study, aged 20–55 years, comprising, 290 patients (149 rural and 141 urban) and 77 healthy age, sex-matched controls from the study area. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory examination information was obtained. MetS was defined as per the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP, ATP III) report.Results: There were significant differences in biochemical and anthropometric measurements between control and patient population (p<0.05). There was a substantial difference in the prevalence of MetS among male and female patient population of urban as well as rural areas. As per NCEP, ATP III criteria, the prevalence of MetS in urban patient population was 21.7% in male and 27.8% in female whereas rural male and female exhibited 13.8% and 18.8% of MetS, respectively. Waist circumference was found as the strongest predictor of MetS among the patient population.Conclusion: Rapid urbanization of the cities is affecting the village life and indicating toward a major burden of diseases associated with MetS. A higher prevalence of MetS in female irrespective of the area of residence needs major health-care policy change. There is an urgent need to address this issue by adopting healthy eating, physical exercise, and weight reduction.
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING IN GENERAL HOSPITAL DR. PIRNGADI MEDAN
Authors: Naldi Jefri , Rosidah Rosidah , Loesnihari Ricke
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish cases of bacteria associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan with the view to identify the bacteria well as to assess their antibiotics susceptibility.Methods: An observation and prospective study were analyzed to patients with lower respiratory tract infection in respiratory and internal wards Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. For the identification method of bacteria was using optochin test, catalase test, Mannitol salt agar, coagulase, indole, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer test, citrate, urease, and Triple Sugar Iron test.Results: The bacteria that cause lower respiratory tract infection were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.53%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.02%), Proteus sp. (14.89%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.77%), Escherichia coli (10.64%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.64%), and Haemophilus influenzae (8.51%). The result of sensitivity testing showed that gentamicin is more sensitive and the resistant antibiotic is chloramphenicol among all the tested antibiotics.Conclusion: P. aeruginosa was the most common isolated from LRTIs patients with gentamicin is the most sensitive antibiotics while chloramphenicol is the most resistant antibiotics among all the tested antibiotics.
ASSESSMENT OF INFLAMMATORY STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: S Priyadharshini , G Savitha Basker , V Vishnupriya
Published: September 2018

Objective: The metabolic disorder, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a major health problem which is the risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure, and other macrovascular diseases. Inflammation is the major pathogenesis of all the above conditions. Therefore, there is a need to assess the inflammatory status using simple and reliable marker which would help to diagnose the disease and assess the prognosis of the disease. Hence, the aim of the current study is to estimate the level of simple inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) in Type 2 diabetes individual.Materials and Method: Fifty patients, reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, were enrolled in the study which includes 25 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy individuals. 5 ml of venous blood was collected and centrifuged. Then, it is analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and CRP using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software.Results: The mean FBS, HbA1c, and CRP levels were higher in T2DM patients in comparison to healthy individuals. The serum FBS, HbA1c, and CRP levels in the control group and T2DM group were 85.08±8.47, 4.27±0.63, and 6.51±0.83 and 168, 7.38±0.9, and 27.23±19.06, respectively. There was a significant (p=0.000) difference in the mean CRP levels of the above groups.Conclusion: CRP level were consistently higher in T2DM individuals; hence, it could be a simple and reliable marker to assess the inflammatory status of the diabetic individuals.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOLUBILITY AND THE DISSOLUTION RATE OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL USING MICROSPONGE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Abd Alhammid Shaimaa Nazar
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study is to enhance the dissolution rate of candesartan cilexetil (CC) using microsponges. Candesartan is therapeutically a potent antihypertensive agent, but it suffers a major drawback of poor oral bioavailability, which is estimated to be 15% due to its low solubility in the gastrointestinal fluids and hepatic first-pass metabolism.Methods: Eudragit-based microsponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method using different drug–polymer ratios (1:1 to 1:6), stirring speeds (250–750 rpm), and emulsifier concentrations (polyvinyl alcohol) (0.05%–0.083% w/v). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study for CC, physical mixtures of drug–polymer, and selected formula were investigated to estimate compatibility of CC with other used ingredients. All formulations were evaluated for particle size, production yield, and loading efficiency. The in vitro drug release study of optimized formulation was performed in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.Results: The obtained results indicated that formula F3 which contains eudragit RS100 at drug:polymer ratio (6:1) was showed the smallest particle size with higher production yield and loading efficiency. DSC and FTIR study of the physical mixtures of drug and polymer revealed no drug–polymer interaction. The results clearly confirm that the percentage of CC released at 30 min from F3, CC powder, and self-made tablet was 54%, 20.325, and 38.9%, respectively.Conclusion: Microsponges technique was considered as a promising system to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poor-water soluble CC.
SODIUM FLUORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF SWISS ALBINO MICE AND AMELIORATION BY OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN.
Authors: Prakash Bhagwendra , Sabal Suresh Kumar , Verma Rajbala , Pj John , Soni Inderpal
Published: September 2018

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in Swiss albino mice and amelioration by Ocimum sanctum Linn.Methods: Mice were divided into six groups, Group I received tap water, Group II received low dose of NaF (8 mg/L), Group III high dose of NaF (80 mg/L) in drinking water, Group IV tap water along with 250 mg/kg body weight/day leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., Group V 8 mg/L NaF in drinking water and 250 mg/kg body weight leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., and Group VI 80 mg/L NaF in drinking water along with leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. 250 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. On the 91st day, the animals were autopsied and liver tissue samples were taken to assess histopathological changes and oxidative stress by estimating glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.Results: A highly significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred with the high dose (Group III). Hepatic histopathological architecture exhibited deformities, namely, ballooning, hypertrophy, hepatocellular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells, deformed central vein, sinusoidal dilation, and binucleated cells. Low-dose group (Group II) showed a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels as compared to control group, and histological sections of liver showed dilated sinusoids, infiltration of mononuclear cells, ballooning, and hypertrophy of hepatocytes. Groups IV and V showed no pathological features. Group VI showed less damage to the liver as compared to Group III.Conclusion: The results revealed that the administration of leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. elicited protection against NaF-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. It may, therefore, be inferred that fluoride caused hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice at the tested dose levels can be ameliorated by O. sanctum Linn.
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING FILMS OF ACYCLOVIR
Authors: Pandey Bikash , Khan Arshad Bashir
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this work was to prepare and optimize orally disintegrating films of acyclovir (ACV), which is a known antiviral agent. To enhance the solubility of ACV, solid dispersions of ACV were made.Methods: The films were prepared using a solvent casting technique. Full factorial design was utilized for the optimization of the effect of independent variables such as the amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 5 cps, sodium starch glycolate, and propylene glycol on the disintegration time. Other evaluation tests such as drug release, drug content, thickness, and folding endurance of film were also conducted.Results: Compatibility studies by Fourier transform infrared showed that there was no significant interaction between the drug and excipients used. Disintegration time was found to be 43 s for the optimized batch. The in vitro release profile of formulation response disintegrating time in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 revealed that there was a significant increment in drug release of the optimized batch in comparison to the screening batches. Further, short-term accelerated stability studies carried out for 4 weeks for the optimized formulation which proved that the formulated films were stable at the accelerated conditions of temperature and humidity (40±2°C/75±5% RH).Conclusions: It was concluded that such ACV solid dispersion films could be beneficial in enhancement of dissolution and consequently the oral bioavailability of ACV.
ANTIPSORIASIS, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF AERIAL PARTS OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA
Authors: Jeba R Caroline , A Ilakiya , R Deepika , M Sujatha , C Sivaraji
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The aim of the study was curing antipsoriasis through Euphorbia hirta. The antipsoriasis activity was done by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method.Methods: Aerial parts were shade, dry for 2 days, make into coarse powder and soaked in methanol for 72 h. The supernatant liquid was filtered by Whatman filter paper and condensed in a hot plate at 50°C. Dark gummy mass obtained. The study identified the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antipsoriasis activities of methanol extract of aerial parts of E. hirta.Results: The IC50 value of methanol extract of aerial parts was found to be 72.20 μg/mL, 97.88 μg/mL, 55.88 μg/mL, and 36.31 μg/mL by 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum reduction assay, and ferric (Fe3+) reducing power assay. The antipsoriasis activity was done by the MTT assay method. The maximum cell death was 88.37% observed at 0.781 μg/mL concentration and IC50 was 12.20 μg/mL concentrated.Conclusion: The results of the present investigation reveal the antipsoriasis activity of the extracts of E. hirta against bacteria and viruses, the psoriasis causing organisms. The methanol extract of E. hirta shows antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antipsoriasis activity and can be used to formulate a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis.
THE WOUND HEALING PROPERTY OF THYME OLEORESIN FROM THYMUS VULGARIS L. ON HACAT KERATINOCYTES
Authors: Vs Subeeksha , Roy Anitha , T Lakshmi
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing property of thyme oleoresin using HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods: The effect of thyme oleoresin on cell migratory activity of HaCaT keratinocytes was investigated and analyzed using scratch assay. The HaCaT cell line was obtained from NCCS Pune and maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Media for the study. The keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) were trypsinized for 30 s and passaged to T25 flasks in complete aseptic environment. The effect of thyme oleoresin on wound closure was determined using a 12-well plate. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium with dimethyl sulfoxide was used as control. The effect of thyme oleoresin on wound closure was determined microscopically at 20× magnification using Nikon microscope. The experiment was performed in triplicate. The wound area was photographed and analyzed.Results: Thyme oleoresin at 25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml has significantly promoted the migration of HaCaT cells, thereby leading to wound closure.Conclusion: The study has proved the wound healing property of thyme oleoresin, and hence, it may be used for wound healing purpose in a natural way.
SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL METHOXY SUBSTITUTED BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Gupta Akhilesh
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative rod (bacillus) in the family Enterobacteriaceae. In general, it is harmless, but some special species could cause harmful infection. In the recent era, the number of antibiotics is available to combat infection caused by E. coli but because of resistance developed against available antibiotics research is continuously going on to synthesize newer antibiotic to overcome this problem. Synthesis and screening of benzothiazole derivatives have great importance in heterocyclic chemistry because of its potent and significant biological activities against E. coli especially methoxy substitution at benzothiazole.Methods: Methoxy substituted benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized by reaction of 3- chloro-4-methoxy-aniline with potassium thiocyanate under temperature control and presence of bromine in glacial acetic acid and ammonia. Substituted nitrobenzamides then synthesized by condensation of 2-amino-4-chloro-5-methoxy-benzothiazole with 2 (3 or 4)-nitrobenzoyl chloride acid in the presence of dry pyridine and acetone. Finally, newly synthesized derivatives (K-01 to K-09) were synthesized through replacing of chlorine of nitrobenzamide by reaction with 2-nitroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, and 4-nitroaniline in the presence of dimethoxy formamide. Analytical characterization was performed by thin-layer chromatography, melting point, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Antibacterial activity was performed against E. coli by cup plate method (diffusion technique) using streptomycin as standard. Compound K-03 showed potent antibacterial activity against E. coli at both concentrations 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL as compared to standard.Results: Compound D-03 exhibited excellent activity among all synthesized compounds.Conclusion: In the present work, efforts have been made to synthesized methoxy substituted benzothiazole derivatives and screened for antibacterial activity. Compound K-03 found as most active against E. coli.
LYCOPENE PRODUCTION IN MYCOBACTERIUM SMEGMATIS BY EXPRESSION OF CRT GENES FROM MYCOBACTERIUM AURUM AND PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LYCOPENE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO AGAINST UV RADIATION
Authors: Elamin Oumaima , Chraibi Marwa , Ibnsouda Saad Koraichi , Iraqui Mohammed Houssaini
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to express in Mycobacterium smegmatis the clustered mycobacterial genes coding for lycopene synthesis and to investigate the protective properties of lycopene against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.Methods: The genes, which encode the biogenesis of lycopene in Mycobacterium aurum A+, were introduced into Mycobacterium smegmatis by electroporation. The pigments produced were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, and the absorption spectra were determined. A survival test using UV irradiations was also performed.Results: The transformed Mycobacterium smegmatis were found to synthesize lycopene with important yield (1.41± 3.09 mg/g) and was more resistant to ultraviolet irradiation than non-pigmented strain (p<0.01). Furthermore, cells of M. smegmatis not transformed but coated with lycopene are more resistant to UV than those uncoated (p<0.01).Conclusion: M. smegmatis can form orange colonies on agar plates when it is transformed with the lycopene genes, and the transformants produces 1.41 mg/g (dry weight) of this carotene. Our findings strongly suggest that lycopene has antioxidant activities and prevent the lethal action of UV irradiation on bacterial cells in vivo and in vitro, and deserves further studies considering the amelioration of the production.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CRATEVA ADANSONII EXTRACTS
Authors: Nounagnon Martial S. , Dah-nouvlessounon Durand , N’tcha Christine , Legba Boris , Baba-moussa Farid , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Baba-moussa Lamine
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study aims to search the secondary metabolites of Crateva adansonii (leaves and bark) and evaluate some biological activities (antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity’s property) of these extracts.Methods: The phytochemical screening was made with standard method. Agar diffusion method was used for antibacterial activity coupled with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Bactericidal (MBC) determination. The antifungal test was performed by the mycelial development reduction method. DPPH method was used to evaluate the extracts antioxidant activity. Artemia salina larvae were use as support to evaluate the toxicity of the extracts.Results: The results of the phytochemical screening reveal the presence of polyphenols, triterpenoids, and glycosides in the both organs (leaves and bark) of C. adansonii. All the extracts have low activity on the reference strains with a larger diameter of 17±00 mm (S. oralis). Only the ethanolic and hydroethanolic leaf’s extracts inhibited respectively 20% and 10%, of the clinical strain S. aureus. The ethyl acetate leaf’s extract shows the best antifungal activity (89,19%) with A. clavatus. All extracts present dose-dependent antiradical properties and are non-toxic for the cells of Artemia salina. C. adansonii bark extracts had the best reducing power (23,80±0, 137 mmol/g EqAA EAA) of the DPPH radical.Conclusion: C. adansonii is therefore an active principle source for the development of drugs to antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
Costs associated with adverse events for systemic therapies in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Fu Alex Z , Li Zhiyi , Tang Jackson , Mahmood Syed , Whisman Tyler , Qiu Ying
Published: September 2018

Aim:
To determine the costs of adverse events (AEs) associated with current metastatic melanoma (MM) therapies.
Materials & methods:
Two retrospective cohort studies were independently conducted using the PharMetrics and MarketScan databases. Included patients were aged ≥18 years, and had ≥1 MM diagnosis and ≥1 claim for systemic therapy from 2004 to 2015.
Results:
A total of 1654 and 1329 patients were identified in PharMetrics and MarketScan, respectively. The corresponding adjusted 30-day incremental costs of AEs by category were highest for CNS/psychiatric (US$21,277 and $18,739), gastrointestinal ($18,534 and $15,648), respiratory ($17,338 and $17,064), cardiovascular ($16,083 and $15,430), hematological/lymphatic ($14,997 and $15,538) and metabolic/nutritional AEs ($12,340 and $17,251).
Conclusion:
The costs of AEs associated with systemic therapies for MM are substantial.
Study of Self-Compatibility Character Related to Seed Characteristics and Seedling Performance on Cocoa
Authors: Anita-Sari Indah , . Sobir , Wahyu Susilo Agung
Published: September 2018

Self-incompatibility is an important factor in limiting the yield of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). The research aimed to study the effect of self-compatibility on cocoa related to pod and bean characteristics and seedling performance. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Research Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember and Bogor Agriculture University in Bogor. The research used completely randomized design with three clones as treatment and each treatment repeated three times. The three clones used had a different self-compatibility characteristics; NA 32 (self-incompatible), DR 2 and Sulawesi 2 (self-compatible). Fruit set, pod characteristics, bean characteristics and seedling performance were observed. The results showed that self compatible cocoa clones had higher of fruit set per cushion (4,7-7,9 fruit set per tree) than selfincompatible (1,9 fruit set per cushion). Sulawesi 2 as a self compatible cocoa clone showed the lowest of fallen fruit set per cushion after two and four weeks. Self compatible cocoa clones (Sulawesi 2 and DR 2) had greater pod and better bean quality than self incompatible (NA 32) included pod length, pod weight, pod girth, weight of wet beans per pod, number of beans per pod, volume per wet bean, weight of dry bean and weight of nib. While number of poorly beans per pod in self incompatible showed higher than self compatible clones. Seedling performance of self compatible showed better than self incompatible for plant height and stem diameter. Visually the seedling of self compatible showed homogeny than self incompatible and variant analysis of plant height showed that self compatible were lower than self incompatible.
Selection of Prospective Drought-Tolerant Cocoa Hybrids Based on Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction Analyses
Authors: Setyawan Bayu , Wahyu Susilo Agung
Published: September 2018

Global warming impact in increasing temperature and becomes threat for cocoa production because growth of cocoa depends on the amount of water available in the environment. The objective of this study was to describe cocoa hybrid that may potentially be developed as drought-resistant cocoa hybrid. The study used 14 types of cocoa hybrids and ICCRI 06H as control. Those plants were approximately 4 years old and the hybrids were planted in Sumber Asin Experimental Station and Kendeng Lembu Plantation. The variables being observed to evaluate 2015 El-Nino effect were percentage of growing plants, tree diameter, jorquette height, flush and flower intensity in 2016. Analysis of variance, correlation and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot were used to find out which hybrids were potentially drought-resistant. The finding showed that there was significant interaction between the genotypes (hybrids) and environment towards the percentage of growing plants, tree diameter, flush and flower intensity. The correlation between the variables showed that there was significant, negative correlation between the percentage of growing plants and height; even though there was significant correlation between the two, it was quite low. There was significant correlation between the tree diameter and the jourquette height while there was not any between the tree diameter and the percentage of growing plants. The AMMI analysis classified the drought tolerant hybrids into two groups, (1) cocoa hybrids adaptive to both normal as well as the temperature and water scarcity (drought), was ICCRI 03 x KW 617, and (2) drought tolerance cocoa hybrids, was KW 516 x KW 617.
Effectiveness of Humic Acid Application on Growth of Coffee Seedings
Authors: Puspita Sari Niken , Abdoellah Soetanto
Published: September 2018

Soil fertility is an important aspect to consider in a plantation because it can affect plantation productivity. Furthermore, degradation of soil fertility issue is increasing therefore it needs innovation to improve soil fertility. Humic acid is an alternative material which can be used for improving soil fertility and supporting plantation production. This research objective was to investigate the effectivenes of humic acid for growth of coffee seedlings. This research was done in Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute green house. Experi-ment used completely randomized design trial with two factors. First factor was the materials used humic acid, coffee pulp compost, and manure. Second factor was doses of materials: 0 g, 10 g, and 30 g per 2 kg dry soil. Research parameters used plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, wet weight, soil carbon, N, Pavailable, K available, and pH analysis. The results showed that humic acid 30 g significant increasing plant height and K available. Furthermore, humic acid dose 10 g and 30 g resulted root, stem diameter, and leaves weight were better than compost from coffee pulp and manure. Soil carbon was increase after humic acid, compost from coffee pulp, and manure application. Humic acid, compost from coffee pulp, and manure made soil pH were stabile.
Yield Performance of the Promising Cocoa Hybrids (Theobroma cacaoL.) at Dry Climate Condition
Authors: Wahyu Susilo Agung
Published: September 2018

Global climate change is impacting cocoa cultivation that cocoa trees must be adaptive in dry climate and higher temperature of environmental condition. This research had objective to observe adaptability performance of the promising hybrids of cocoa  ofthe selecting high yielding hybrid swhichare  tolerantto dry condition. Treatments were 14 hybrids of bi-clonal crosses betweenselected clones in factorial design in which KEE 2 was selected based on its resistance to vascular-streak dieback (VSD) and drought condition. Multilocation trials were established in Kaliwining Experimental Station in Jember (low land) and Sumber Asin Experimental Station in Malang (medium land) both of which were classified to dry land area. Yield per tree were assessed in monthly basis during 9 consecutive years of yield period. Data were performed to the combinedanalysis of variance followed by AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction). The results showed thatthe factor of hybrid, location, and interactionof hybrid and location to year contributed higher value of variance for the yield. Analysis of AMMI indicated that the hybrids of KEE 2 x Sulawesi 1 (F 1 and reciprocal) had highest yield potency and adaptive to low land (Kaliwining) on the other hand the hybrids of TSH 858 x KEE 2 (F 1 and reciprocal) were adaptive to medium land (Sumber Asin). Refer to yield adaptability to dry condition and other potential traits reported thus the hybrid of KEE 2 x Sulawesi 1 (F 1 and reciprocal) was released as cocoa planting material for addressing dry condition. The result also identified those hybrids inherited using KEE 2 performed more adaptive to dry condition. Further-more, the clone was suggested to be used as parental clone on breeding for drought tolerance.