bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pair lines of sight observations of multiphase gas bearing O vi in a galaxy environment
Authors: Anshul Pratyush , Narayanan Anand , Muzahid Sowgat , Beckett Alexander , Morris Simon L
Published: February 2021

Using HST/COS spectra of the twin quasar lines of sight Q 0107–025A & Q 0107–025B, we report on the physical properties, chemical abundances, and transverse sizes of a multiphase medium in a galaxy field at z = 0.399. The angular separation between the quasars corresponds to a physical separation of 520 kpc at the absorber redshift. The absorber towards Q 0107–025B is a partial Lyman limit system (pLLS) with $\log N({\mathrm{H}}{\small I})/\hbox{cm$^{-2}$}\approx 16.8$. The H i column density in the absorber along the other sightline is ≈ 2 orders of magnitude lower. The O vi along both sightlines have comparable column densities and broad b-values (b > 30 km s−1) whereas the low ionization lines are considerably narrower. The low ionization gas is inconsistent with the O vi when modelled assuming photoionization from the same phase. In both lines of sight, O vi and the broad H i coinciding, are best explained through collisional ionization in a cooling plasma with solar metallicity. Ionization models infer 1/10th solar metallicity for the pLLS and solar metallicity for the lower column density absorber along the other sightline. Within ± 250 km s−1 and 2 Mpc of projected distance from the sightlines 12 galaxies are identified, of which five are within 500 kpc. The twin sightlines are at normalized impact parameters of ρ ∼ 1.1Rvir, and ρ ∼ 0.8Rvir from a M* ∼ 1010.7 M⊙, L ∼ 0.07L*, and star formation rate (SFR) < 0.1 M⊙ yr−1 galaxy, potentially probing its CGM (circumgalactic medium). The next closest in normalized separation are a dwarf galaxy with M* ∼ 108.7 M⊙, and SFR ∼ 0.06 M⊙ yr−1, and an intermediate mass galaxy with M* ∼ 1010.0 M⊙, and SFR ∼ 3 M⊙ yr−1. Along both sightlines, O vi could be either tracing narrow transition temperature zones at the interface of low ionization gas and the hot halo of nearest galaxy, or a more spread-out warm component that could be gas bound to the circumgalactic halo or the intragroup medium. The latter scenarios lead to a warm gas mass limit of M ≳ 4.5 × 109 M⊙.
Water ortho–para conversion by microwave background radiation in space
Authors: Chapovsky Pavel L
Published: February 2021

A theoretical model of water ortho–para conversion induced by blackbody radiation in space is developed. The model is based on two main ingredients: the mixing of water ortho and para states by a hyperfine spin-rotation interaction in the molecule and the interruption of this mixing by surrounding blackbody radiation. The model predicts the lifetime of water spin isomers τ = 2.7 Myr for radiation with a temperature of 100 K and τ = 1.3 Gyr for microwave background radiation. The time dependence of the ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) of water molecules interacting with microwave background radiation is determined. The temperature dependence of the stationary OPR predicted by the model is found to be different from the usually accepted OPR for water spin isomers.
Stability and pulsation of the first dark stars
Authors: Rindler-Daller Tanja , Freese Katherine , Townsend Richard H D , Visinelli Luca
Published: February 2021

The first bright objects to form in the Universe might not have been ‘ordinary’ fusion-powered stars, but ‘dark stars’ (DSs) powered by the annihilation of dark matter (DM) in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). If discovered, DSs can provide a unique laboratory to test DM models. DSs are born with a mass of the order of M⊙ and may grow to a few million solar masses; in this work we investigate the properties of early DSs with masses up to $\sim \! 1000 \, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$, fueled by WIMPS weighing 100 GeV. We improve the previous implementation of the DM energy source into the stellar evolution code mesa. We show that the growth of DSs is not limited by astrophysical effects: DSs up to $\sim \!1000 \, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ exhibit no dynamical instabilities; DSs are not subject to mass-loss driven by super-Eddington winds. We test the assumption of previous work that the injected energy per WIMP annihilation is constant throughout the star; relaxing this assumption does not change the properties of the DSs. Furthermore, we study DS pulsations, for the first time investigating non-adiabatic pulsation modes, using the linear pulsation code gyre. We find that acoustic modes in DSs of masses smaller than $\sim \! 200 \, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ are excited by the κ − γ and γ mechanism in layers where hydrogen or helium is (partially) ionized. Moreover, we show that the mass-loss rates potentially induced by pulsations are negligible compared to the accretion rates.
Quantifying ionospheric effects on global 21-cm observations
Authors: Shen Emma , Anstey Dominic , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Fialkov Anastasia , Handley Will
Published: February 2021

We modelled the two major layer of Earth’s ionosphere, the F-layer and the D-layer, by a simplified spatial model with temporal variance to study the chromatic ionospheric effects on global 21-cm observations. From the analyses, we found that the magnitude of the ionospheric disruptions due to ionospheric refraction and absorption can be greater than the expected global 21-cm signal, and the variation of its magnitude can differ, depending on the ionospheric conditions. Within the parameter space adopted in the model, the shape of the global 21-cm signal is distorted after propagating through the ionosphere, while its amplitude is weakened. It is observed that the ionospheric effects do not cancel out over time, and thus should be accounted for in the foreground calibration at each timestep to account for the chromaticity introduced by the ionosphere.
Effects of ketamine on brain function during metacognition of episodic memory
Authors: Lehmann Mirko , Neumann Claudia , Wasserthal Sven , Schultz Johannes , Delis Achilles , Trautner Peter , Hurlemann René , Ettinger Ulrich
Published: February 2021

Only little research has been conducted on the pharmacological underpinnings of metacognition. Here, we tested the modulatory effects of a single intravenous dose (100 ng/ml) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-glutamate-receptor antagonist ketamine, a compound known to induce altered states of consciousness, on metacognition and its neural correlates. Fifty-three young, healthy adults completed two study phases of an episodic memory task involving both encoding and retrieval in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fMRI study. Trial-by-trial confidence ratings were collected during retrieval. Effects on the subjective state of consciousness were assessed using the 5D-ASC questionnaire. Confirming that the drug elicited a psychedelic state, there were effects of ketamine on all 5D-ASC scales. Acute ketamine administration during retrieval had deleterious effects on metacognitive sensitivity (meta-d′) and led to larger metacognitive bias, with retrieval performance (d′) and reaction times remaining unaffected. However, there was no ketamine effect on metacognitive efficiency (meta-d′/d′). Measures of the BOLD signal revealed that ketamine compared to placebo elicited higher activation of posterior cortical brain areas, including superior and inferior parietal lobe, calcarine gyrus, and lingual gyrus, albeit not specific to metacognitive confidence ratings. Ketamine administered during encoding did not significantly affect performance or brain activation. Overall, our findings suggest that ketamine impacts metacognition, leading to significantly larger metacognitive bias and deterioration of metacognitive sensitivity as well as unspecific activation increases in posterior hot zone areas of the neural correlates of consciousness.
The Response of Smokers to Health Warnings on Packs in the United Kingdom and Norway Following the Introduction of Standardized Packaging
Authors: Moodie Crawford , Best Catherine , Lund Ingeborg , Scheffels Janne , Critchlow Nathan , Stead Martine , McNeill Ann , Hitchman Sara , Mackintosh Anne Marie
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Standardized packaging was phased in between May 2016 and May 2017 in the United Kingdom and July 2017 and July 2018 in Norway. In both countries, the health warnings on packs prior to standardized packaging being implemented were from the former Tobacco Products Directive library of warnings (text warnings covering 43% of the pack front and pictorial warnings covering 53% of the pack reverse). The warnings on packs, postimplementation, were from the current Tobacco Products Directive library of warnings (novel pictorial warnings covering 65% of the pack front and reverse) for the United Kingdom but unchanged in Norway.

Aims and Methods

Longitudinal online surveys were conducted prior to standardized packaging (United Kingdom: April–May 2016; Norway: May–June 2017) and postimplementation (United Kingdom: September–November 2017 and May–July 2019; Norway: August–September 2018). We explored smokers’ response to the on-pack warnings (salience, cognitive reactions, and behavioral reactions).

Results

In the United Kingdom, noticing warnings on packs, reading or looking closely at them, thinking about them, thinking about the health risks, avoidant behaviors, forgoing cigarettes, and being more likely to quit due to the warnings significantly increased from waves 1 to 2, and then decreased from waves 2 to 3, but remained higher than at wave 1. In Norway, noticing warnings, reading or looking closely at them, thinking about them, thinking about the health risks, and being more likely to quit due to the warnings significantly decreased from waves 1 to 2; avoidant behaviors and forgoing cigarettes remained unchanged.

Conclusions

The inclusion of large novel pictorial warnings on standardized packs increases warning salience and effectiveness.

Implications

Two longitudinal online surveys in the United Kingdom and Norway explored the impact of standardized packaging on warning salience and effectiveness. That warning salience and effectiveness only increased in the UK postimplementation, where standardized packaging was implemented alongside new larger pictorial warnings on the pack front and reverse, and not in Norway, where standardized packaging was introduced but older smaller text warnings (pack front) and pictorial warnings (pack reverse) were retained, highlights the importance of removing full branding and introducing stronger warnings simultaneously.
What can neuroimmunology teach us about the symptoms of long-COVID?
Authors: Mondelli Valeria , Pariante Carmine M
Published: February 2021

Long-Coronavirus Disease (Long-COVID) is becoming increasingly recognized due to the persistence of symptoms such as profound fatigue, neurocognitive difficulties, muscle pains and weaknesses and depression, which would last beyond 3–12 weeks following infection with SARS-CoV-2. These particular symptoms have been extensively observed and studied in the context of previous psychoneuroimmunology research. In this short commentary, we discuss how previous neuroimmunology studies could help us to better understand pathways behind the development of these prolonged symptoms. Various mechanisms, including viral neuroinvasion, glial cells activation, neurogenesis, oxidative stress have been shown to explain these symptoms in the context of other disorders. Previous neuroimmunology findings could represent helpful pointers for future research on long-COVID symptoms and suggest potential management strategies for patients suffering with long-COVID.
Biographic Resonance Theory of Eudaimonic Media Entertainment
Authors: Klimmt Christoph , Rieger Diana
Published: February 2021

If media audiences experience a message as meaningful, they display eudaimonic responses such as mixed affect and self-transcendence. The current contribution elaborates on the causes and manifestations of meaningfulness and argues that resonances between entertainment content (characters, situations, decisions, or metaphors) and audience members’ biographic memories—particular recollections of critical life incidents or life crisis—generate experiences of meaning. Such biographic resonance is suggested to cause eudaimonic entertainment, specifically mixed-affect experiences that combine negative feelings associated with the audience member’s past or current life crisis with hope and other-praising emotions that emerge from the inspiration and advice obtained from the entertainment message. This chapter formalizes biographic resonance theory as postulated interaction of message attributes and audience members’ biographies and develop programmatic perspectives on theory extensions and testing as well as implications for entertainment effects on human well-being at the population level.
Kama Muta as a Eudaimonic Entertainment Experience
Authors: Janicke-Bowles Sophie H. , Schubert Thomas , Blomster Johanna K.
Published: February 2021

This chapter expands on commonly defined emotional eudaimonic entertainment experiences by introducing the universal emotion of kama muta, which is a Sanskrit term for feeling “moved by love.” The chapter situates kama muta within the larger context of eudaimonic entertainment and explores its antecedents, processes, and effects based on the relational models theory. Theoretical comparisons between the relational models theory and Haidt’s moral emotions model are made with respect to kama muta. Conclusions about the study of kama muta as a self-transcendent entertainment experience within different media contexts (social media, film, news), and its effects for society (connectedness, outgroup humanization) are drawn.
A Synergistic Multiprocess Model of Video Game Entertainment
Authors: Klimmt Christoph , Possler Daniel
Published: February 2021

Video games have inspired substantial activity in past entertainment research. Based on an analysis of the core characteristics of this highly popular medium (agency, narrative, aesthetics, and sociality) that are all uniquely shaped by interactivity, we propose a multiprocess model that can explain the great majority of gamers’ hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences. These key processes are (1) agentic experience of effectance and competence, (2) cycles of suspense and performance-driven relief, (3) escapist and meaningful self-transformation, (4) connectedness with virtual and real others, and (5) other-praising emotions from narrative-aesthetic appeal. Temporal shifts of salience and importance for the overall experience and synergistic interactions among processes are suggested to explain both the enduring motivation of many gamers and the strong, robust, and reliable capacity of games to facilitate “some” or even “great” entertainment.
Haggai
Authors: Barker John R.
Published: February 2021

This essay offers an overview of the content and major critical issues related to the book of Haggai. In a series of dated oracles, the book reveals an ongoing internal dispute within the Yahwistic community in Judah concerning divine permission to rebuild the Jerusalem temple under Zerubbabel in the early Persian period. The prophetic oracles suggest that the basis for the dispute lay in differing interpretations of the poor socioeconomic circumstances the community faced at the time. Major themes of the book include the difficulty of determining the divine will, the role of the temple as mediator of divine presence, and the effects of divine presence on the community. A major area of critical interest in the book is its compositional history, particularly as it relates to the development of the “Book of the Twelve.”
The Dating of Prophetic Books and the Persian-Period “Turn”
Authors: Radine Jason
Published: February 2021

This article identifies the most useful approaches for determining the historical date of composition or redaction of a text from the Minor Prophets as being its historical references, social levels of literacy and linguistic development, the text’s theology, intertextual dependence, and participation in otherwise datable literary strata. This article examines the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Further, this article explores the “Persian turn” in somewhat recent scholarship in which Minor Prophets set in the pre-exilic period are instead dated to the Persian period (late sixth to late fourth centuries bce). While acknowledging that Persian dating of previously thought older works has been productive, this article warns that taking this process to extremes can compress the lengthy histories of biblical prophetic books that probably do have pre-exilic origins into too short a time frame and too limited a cultural range.
The Minor Prophets and the Book of the Twelve in Late Eighteenth-Century through Early Twenty-First-Century Research
Authors: Sweeney Marvin A.
Published: February 2021

This essay traces and analyzes modern-critical scholarship on the Minor Prophets or Book of the Twelve Prophets from the late eighteenth century through the early twenty-first century. It differentiates between the Christian practice from the time of Jerome and Theodore of Mopsuestia that treated the Twelve as twelve individual Minor Prophets that were collected together and the Jewish practice of reading the Twelve as the Book of the Twelve Prophets. Early treatment of the Minor Prophets focuses especially on the early work of J. G. Eichhorn (1780–1783), W. M. L. de Wette (1817), F. Hitzig (1838), H. Ewald (1840–1841), and B. Duhm (1875, 1922). More modern treatment of the Book of the Twelve Prophets focuses especially on the work of K. Budde (1922), R. E. Wolfe (1935), D. Schneider (1979), O. H. Steck (1991, 1999), James D. Nogalski (1993, 2011), Jakob Wöhrle (2006, 2008), and the author (Sweeney 2000).
The Nations in the Minor Prophets
Authors: Timmer Daniel C.
Published: February 2021

This essay traces the theme of the non-Israelite nations across the Book of the Twelve with an eye toward appreciating both its diversity and its coherence. Eschewing an exclusively diachronic (compositional) or synchronic (holistic) approach, it draws attention to the different chronological frames in which the nations are presented and the different ways that they are characterized. The diversity evident in the nations’ varying identities and destinies coheres when those characteristics are seen within their respective past, present, and future timeframes and in the light of the Minor Prophets’ strong theological orientation. This perspective correlates both identity and destiny with Israel’s God and makes a reconciled relationship to YHWH the determinative factor for the nations no less than for Israel and Judah.
Hosea
Authors: Irvine Stuart A.
Published: February 2021

This essay begins by examining structure and cohesion in Hosea. It then reviews major themes and ideas in the book, including the marriage metaphor, the parent–child image, and the themes of the Exodus, wilderness, and “knowledge of God.” The essay concludes with a look at three contested issues: redaction in Hosea, the book as a product of Persian Yehud, and the Baal cult as an object of the prophet’s criticism. Challenging common views that the book addresses religious apostasy or syncretism, it suggests that some of Hosea’s criticisms of the cult may be essentially denunciations of foreign alliances which were ratified by ritual measures.
The Relationship of the Minor Prophets to the Major Prophets
Authors: Davidson Steed Vernyl
Published: February 2021

This essay explores the relationship between the Minor Prophets and the Major Prophets. It covers three pathways that connect these two sections of the prophetic corpus. The historical pathway traces how the two sections reflect upon a selected set of historical issues and events. The textual pathway examines the exchanges that appear between the Major and Minor Prophets. In the third section, the thematic pathway, the essay provides a look at the way the two sections treat gender and ecology. The essay demonstrates that despite the perception of smallness, the Minor Prophets make significant contributions to the understanding and shape of prophetic literature.
Zechariah
Authors: Redditt Paul L.
Published: February 2021

This essay discusses the origin of the book of Zechariah, its location near the end of the Minor Prophets, and the significance of that location. Zechariah depicts an upturn in the fortunes of postexilic Jerusalem, first with returnees from Babylon ca. 520 bce (chaps. 1–8). Chapters 9–14 were added incrementally: chapter 10 in the early fifth century, and chapters 11–14 throughout the rest of the fifth century. Zechariah 2–8 unpacks the cosmological significance of the rebuilding of the temple. Chapters 9–11 threaten surrounding little nations that might harm the temple, and chapters 12–13 predict an upturn of fortunes for Jerusalem. Finally, chapter 14 portrays God as the protector of the returnees against all peoples who did not come to Jerusalem to worship God. In summary, Zechariah announces the need for Judah to repent from its sins, anticipates Jerusalem’s restitution, and counsels complete dependence on God instead of an army.
The Minor Prophets in the Judean Desert Manuscripts
Authors: Pajunen Mika S.
Published: February 2021

The Judean Desert manuscripts are the earliest extant witnesses for the prophetic compositions that are part of the Book of the Twelve. This essay offers an assessment of the original extent of these manuscripts in light of material aspects and scribal practices as well as a brief discussion of their importance for the textual history of the Minor Prophets. It is argued that some of the manuscripts contained only individual compositions, whereas others represent collections of different sizes. The manuscript witnesses and the use of these prophetic compositions in other writings further demonstrate that they were perceived both as individual compositions and as distinct collections. This conclusion has consequences for evaluating the textual history and textual affiliation of the individual books and the Book of the Twelve as a collection that should be taken into account in future studies.
One Book or Twelve Books?
Authors: Sieges Anna
Published: February 2021

This essay explains debates about whether the Minor Prophets are twelve separate books or a unified collection. Throughout much of Jewish and Christian history, the twelve “books” of the Minor Prophets have been studied as discrete entities. Some ancient traditions treat the Minor Prophets or the Book of the Twelve as one literary unit, causing modern scholars to consider their unity. In the 1990s, scholars began to notice editorial activity and larger themes in the Minor Prophets, suggesting that the writings within should be read, heard, and studied as one large book. There is still merit in studying each individual book because each book offers unique material. There is also merit in studying the Book of the Twelve as a unity because each of the books helps to interpret the others in the collection.
“Have You Played Atari Today?”
Authors: Gibbons William
Published: February 2021

Around 1980, home video game consoles began to transition from a luxury product for affluent technophiles into a mass-market entertainment product. Television advertisements were central to that transition, not least in that they helped shape a popular image of who plays video games. This chapter examines the prominent role of music in an influential early television advertising campaign for Atari, the leading maker of home consoles at the time. The music of the “Have You Played Atari Today?” campaign reached across gender and age demographics, positioning Atari’s products as fun for every member of the family. Although most ads of the series were unified musically through the use of the same extended jingle, each featured lyrics tailored to demonstrate the product’s appeal to various members of an extended family. Furthermore, the jingle’s musical hook eventually became a standalone sonic signifier for the Atari brand that endured for years beyond the initial campaign.
The Sounds of Coca-Cola
Authors: Graakjær Nicolai Jørgensgaard
Published: February 2021

Based on an examination of the Coca-Cola commercial “Taste” (distributed the first time in 2015 as part of the “Open Happiness” campaign), this chapter explores how a commercial can “colonize” and “cultivate” generic territories of music, sound, and brand image. The chapter also examines how music and sound accomplish this in a brand’s pursuit of this emotional territory, whether or not this pursuit is successful or not, through a process of signification. The examination focuses on the textual organization of the commercial, including both transtextual and cotextual perspectives. The analysis also examines the relationship of music and other sound effects to the visual image in the commercial.
Medievalism Goes Commercial
Authors: Clem David
Published: February 2021

Many of the extant analytical models for music in advertising used in academia build off of the work of David Huron and Nicholas Cook. Their work, along with many other studies, have laid a solid framework for examining music in a single advertisement. This chapter explores the usefulness of register theory as a methodology for meta-analysis, exploring conceptual relationships between multiple advertisements using the same music. To that end, the chapter postulates the register of “epic” as a conceptual space to draw connections between recent uses of “O Fortuna” from Carl Orff’s Carmina Burana and “Sunrise” from Richard Strauss’s Also Sprach Zarathustra in contemporary multimedia. Building on the application of cognitive pragmatics to music laid out in works by Lawrence Zbikowski and register theory of Michael Long, the chapter offers analyses of advertisements for a variety of companies, including Hershey’s, Domino’s, and Walgreens, among others. In each case the chapter explores how these various advertisements use existing music to tap into cultural myths of romanticized pasts and idealized futures, related to each other through the idea of epic, and in the process aims to show how register theory can offer a meta-conceptual space for analyzing multimedia objects that are inherently intertextual.
Audiovisual Advertising
Authors: Strick Madelijn
Published: February 2021

Narrative advertisements (i.e. ads that resemble short films that include characters, drama, and plot structure) are increasingly popular on TV and on the Internet. As in almost any film, music can play a vital role in the experience and impact of narrative ads. This chapter identifies psychological transportation as an important mediator between music and persuasion by narrative ads. Transportation refers to a strong emotional and cognitive involvement in the ad, a sense of being “lost” in the narrative. Previous studies show that transportation plays a mediating role in various aspects of persuasion, such as changing viewers’ beliefs, attitudes, and even behavior. This chapter begins with an overview of the literature on psychological transportation, focusing on its essential elements, moderating factors, and consequences for persuasion. The author then discusses the intriguing possibility that music plays an important role in promoting psychological transportation into narrative ads and reviews initial experimental evidence supporting this idea. Special attention will be paid to the role of “moving” (i.e. intensely emotional and chills-evoking) music, as it appears to be particularly effective in eliciting psychological transportation. Finally, the chapter closes with some enduring questions to be addressed in future studies.
“Everything Is Not Awesome”
Authors: Galloway Kate
Published: February 2021

In 2014, Greenpeace released a new installment of their “Save the Arctic” campaign, which promotes environmental stewardship and advertises the international nongovernmental organization. The music video “LEGO: Everything Is Not Awesome” reinterprets Tegan and Sara/The Lonely Island’s exuberant anthem “Everything Is Awesome” from The LEGO Movie (2014) as a melancholy lament, using musical parody to pressure the LEGO corporation to end its marketing link with Royal Dutch Shell in response to Shell’s plans to drill in the Arctic. The video features an Arctic entirely made of LEGO with cameo appearances by characters from The LEGO Movie, depicting the slow violence of an oil spill decimating the Arctic ecosystem. This advertisement, among others, was released in the context of public protest and political controversy over the environmental and social risks associated with the oil industry. It is one of many examples of Greenpeace’s use of audiovisual communication strategies to sell environmental issues and brand the organization as a leader in the environmental movement. This chapter analyzes a collection of Greenpeace advertisement videos from their “Save the Arctic” campaign, sketching the sonic choices and processes of musical adaptation used to communicate environmental risk and progressive environmental policy.
“All Those Homes Beyond the Microphone”
Authors: VanderHamm David
Published: February 2021

Radio programs called barn dances employed music and friendly address to insert advertising into rural forms of sociality. Rather than merely trying to cultivate goodwill or engage in hard-sell tactics, these variety programs sought to cultivate a mediated friendship that made advertisements helpful suggestions rather than rude interruptions. Barn dance radio was so intertwined with broadcast advertising that early country music during the 1930s can be understood as a subset of the advertising industry rather than the music industry. Although they could not personalize each message, the friendly environment created through music, advertising copy, and on-air patter encouraged listeners to imagine broadcasters as “radio friends,” and thus personalize broadcast messages to themselves.
Introduction
Authors: Tan Siu-Lan , Rodman Ron , Deaville James
Published: February 2021

In the introductory chapter, the editors for The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising provide the foundation for the three main sections of the volume, in accordance with three stages of communicating the advertising message established by Wharton (2015): “Production,” “Text,” and “Reception.” The discussion of “Production” considers the contexts for the creation of audiovisual advertising, first as studied in the scholarly literature, and then according to practices and producers. Also under examination is the cultural work music performs for advertising, with special emphasis on branding. The section on “Text” focuses on the various forms and functions of music in advertising media. Text analysis in multimedia formats include discussions of how music combines with visual images and speech to convey an emotion, meaning, or ethos to an ad. Also under discussion in this part of the chapter is how music functions in commercials, both as foregrounded text and as background. Finally, the section addressing “Reception” discusses specific challenges facing researchers undertaking empirical studies on music and advertising, explores the psychological underpinnings of theory and research in this area, and points to the opportunity for more cross-fertilization of ideas between fields and greater interdisciplinary collaboration.
Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda
Authors: Armstrong-Roche Michael
Published: February 2021

Published posthumously, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda: Historia setentrional (1617) was the triumphant capstone to a remarkable run of works written, revised, or concluded in the wake of the first part of Don Quixote (1605). Cervantes would leave his inventive stamp on every major genre of literary entertainment then fashionable: myriad verse forms, drama, pastoral and chivalric novels, the novella, the Menippean satirical dream, and the Heliodoran adventure novel, along with others as interpolated tale, incident, or passing characterization. The last four years of his life, which saw a rapid succession of publications, suggest a veteran writer used to taking his time but now acutely aware it was running out. Proud of the 1605 Quixote’s wild popularity, Cervantes was also anxious to shape his literary legacy so that it would not be swallowed up by its run-away success.
Cervantes and Madness
Authors: Bauer Rachel N.
Published: February 2021

Cervantes experimented with different writing styles and did not recycle personality traits amongst his characters, including those considered mad. Unlike the stereotype of the madman that often figured in early modern theatre, no Cervantine character is consistently mad throughout the entire work in which he or she appears. Characters become mad, fluctuate in degrees of mental imbalance, may temporarily express manic rage, and usually regain sanity at some point in the text. Cervantes allows his characters to evolve beyond their character types, and this includes for some of them transitioning through different degrees of insanity. This chapter aims to serve as a guide for those interested in reviewing the theme of madness in Cervantine literature, along with possible sources of influence contemporary to Cervantes in literature and medicine. It also explores twentieth and twenty-first century research focusing on madness in Don Quixote as well as in Cervantes’s other literary creations.
Cervantes’s Life
Authors: Canavaggio Jean
Published: February 2021

Chapter 1 provides a detailed account of Cervantes’s life story addressing his humble beginnings, his travels, his military service—notably his participation in the battle of Lepanto, his captivity, his forays into writing for the stage, his various professions, and finally his stint as a professional writer. Special attention is given to Cervantes’s creation of Don Quixote, Parts I and II, and to the false second part of his great work, published under the pseudonym Avellaneda. Finally, the chapter follows Cervantes through his last days and his death in 1616. Relying on decades of research and internationally acclaimed biographies of the author of Don Quixote, Canavaggio contributes an excellent building block for the volume.
Cervantes in/on the Americas
Authors: de Armas Wilson Diana
Published: February 2021

Just as in other parts of the world, Cervantes’s fame swept through the Americas with the publication of Don Quixote, which reached Lima and even up into the Andes mountains by the end of 1606. A wide range of writers, politicians, jurists, artists, and philosophers can claim Cervantes as an influence. After discussing Cervantes’s frustrated attempts to emigrate to the Indies and Don Quixote’s successful arrival there, this chapter provides a representative discussion of what Cervantes had to say about the Americas and what they have said about him and his creations.
Captivity in Cervantes
Authors: Garcés María Antonia
Published: February 2021

Cervantes’s obsession with freedom and captivity evokes his long incarceration in Algiers (1575–80). In effect, his capture by Barbary corsairs in 1575 and the five years he spent in Algiers left an indelible impression on his fiction. From the first works written after his liberation, such as his play El trato de Argel (c. 1581–3) and his novel La Galatea (1585), to his posthumous book Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (1617), the story of this traumatic experience continuously resonates throughout his work. The motif of captivity characterizes Cervantes’s autobiographical narrative, La historia del cautivo, interpolated in Don Quixote I.39–41, as well as two of his novellas. Concurrently, his Barbary plays turn around the theme of captivity suffered by Christians in Ottoman territories during the early modern period.
Quixote and Counter-Quixote
Authors: Iffland James
Published: February 2021

With much of Part II of Don Quixote already written, Cervantes discovered that someone writing under the pseudonym of Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda had just published his own continuation of our hero’s adventures. To this very day, the precise identity of Avellaneda remains unknown. This chapter focuses on the significance of this work in Cervantine studies as well as addressing possible authorship. Cervantes engages in an aesthetic and ideological dual with the apocryphal Quixote and its writer, highlighting the cultural impact of the novel at the time of its composition.
Creation and Predestination
Authors: Hussey Phillip , McClymond Michael
Published: February 2021

In Edwards’s theology, the doctrines of creation and predestination exemplify the ‘contemplation of supreme things,’ often pressing the boundaries of Reformed and catholic orthodoxy. Edwards makes a link between the election and predestination of Jesus Christ and the act of creation. Edwards’s views on creation and predestination are rooted in a robust, trinitarian conception of God. Although Sang Hyun Lee and Oliver Crisp have both made substantial contributions to the contemporary discussion of Edwards’s view of God, we have found cause to qualify their claims at certain points. Contesting Lee’s account, we will argue that the Son’s disposition to communicate his glory and goodness is not purely the result of a reconceptualization of God’s essence as a dynamic disposition toward actuality, but instead follows from the differentiation of Father and Son in the act of creation. An explicitly trinitarian account of God is needed to grasp the full dimensions of Edwards’s account of creation. Regarding Crisp’s views, we take issue with the unqualified assertion that the creating of the world (or of any world) by Edwards’s God is ‘necessary.’ Rather than calling God’s act of creation ‘necessary,’ it might be better to call it ‘fitting.’
Politics and Economics
Authors: Valeri Mark
Published: February 2021

Despite the fact that Edwards never authored an extended or thorough commentary on political and economic matters, we can detect his assumptions and the general shape of his political and economic commentary scattered throughout his moral treatises, biblical commentary, miscellaneous observations, and sermons. A devoted subject of the Hanoverian monarchy, he presumed that Britain’s empire was the most laudable political system in the Atlantic world. Among other virtues, it served as a hedge against French Catholicism. He interpreted the meaning of that empire through Whig political agendas, which included a robust endorsement of Britain’s transatlantic commercial empire. Yet Edwards’s theological agendas often devalued political and commercial loyalties into contingent goods, subject to critique. He held that theological virtues had the power to minimize national identities in favour of worldwide Christian communion and universal benevolence.
Edwards’s Place and Importance in Anglo-American Literature
Authors: Gustafson Sandra M.
Published: February 2021

Long recognized as foundational contributions to British American belles lettres, the works of Jonathan Edwards influenced later writers and shaped narratives of American literary history. Edwards appears in the first descriptions of early American literature, and he continues to figure prominently in anthologies and histories of American writing today. This essay emphasizes major authors—from Harriet Beecher Stowe and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., to Robert Lowell, to Marilynne Robinson—who have acknowledged his influence. The nature of that influence varies, for every generation creates a distinctive version of Edwards. Advancing a liberal vision of Christianity, Stowe and Holmes reacted against Edwards’s alleged theological rigidity and spiritual cruelty. Lowell wrote poems reflecting the Edwardsean revival of the mid-twentieth century and bearing the imprint of the New Criticism. And in recent years, Robinson has staked a claim as a latter-day Edwardsean, embracing his intellectual legacy as an inspiration and resource for her celebrated novels.
Creativity and the Ontology of Not-Yet Being
Authors: Siebers Johan
Published: February 2021

This chapter interprets and evaluates the ontology of not-yet being as it is developed in the philosophy of Ernst Bloch and extends this account with a reflection on creativity and the issues involved in conceptualizing creativity. In this way the ontology of not-yet being is related to the sphere of culture and cultural production. Its potential as an account of the ways in which we know and not-know the future is explored. The chapter investigates the significance of futurity, not-yet being, and creativity for our understanding of subjectivity and it concludes with a new conception of the humanities, including philosophy, as centrally concerned with the open future and its place in human existence, awareness, and culture. Throughout, the chapter sensitizes the reader to the particular requirements the articulation of futurity places on our language and our understanding of the nature of concepts, ideas, and theories
Future Weather
Authors: Endfield Georgina
Published: February 2021

This chapter draws on empirical research from an AHRC-funded project entitled Spaces of Experience and Horizons of Expectation: Extreme Weather in the UK, Past, Present and Future, to illustrate the complex historical geographies and politics of ‘weather wising’ and different forms of weather prognostications. Endfield considers the different ways in which particular historical subjects imagined and articulated knowledge about weather futures and examines the different temporalities implicated within such practices: from anxieties over immediate weather futures expressed in daily agricultural diaries to longer-term annual forecasting associated with annual almanacs. Uncovering a range of tools and technologies involved in weather forecasting—including both human and non-human methods of forecasting, phenological observations, and prognostications associated with animal behaviours—Endfield explores questions of credibility, authority, and status in terms of knowing and articulating understanding of future weather.
A Space for Time
Authors: Kemp Sandra
Published: February 2021

This essay analyses the role of museums in the creation of futures imaginaries and the ways in which these are embedded in socio-political narratives over time (narratives of nation, empire, power, consumption, and home). The essay tests its hypotheses through charting the evolution of the nineteenth-century phenomenon of the soirée—exhibitions and events showcasing technological, scientific, and cultural innovations of the future—from their heyday in the mid nineteenth century to their demise in the early twentieth century. In particular, the essay explores the social, spatial, and temporal organization of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century soirée display spaces as carriers of future worlds. It argues that the creation of futures imaginaries depends on interrelationships between people and objects across space and time, and that the complex web of relations established between words, objects, spaces, and people in exhibitions provides catalysts for ideas, ideologies, and narratives of the future.
The Global Futures Lab
Authors: Cardini Paolo
Published: February 2021

This chapter critiques the politics behind the representations of the future conjectured by contemporary creative industries and offers a counter-model based in specific forms of ‘cultural determinism’. It argues that the vast majority of creative speculations were and still are a mere representation of the fears and dreams of a restricted part of the global community, and are defined by a distinguishable style of Hollywoodesque sci-fi imaginary or the taste of the dominating design establishment. Drawing on the empirical experiential research undertaken by the Global Futures Lab—which invites international students to reflect upon their personal idea of future—this chapter advocates the need for more pluralist perspectives and localized visions in which traditions and belief shape alternative and hyper-contextual future realities.
Introduction
Authors: Andersson Jenny , Kemp Sandra
Published: February 2021

The concept of futurity requires critical perspectives that go beyond the literary. This introduction sets the context for the cross-disciplinary conversations between the arts and humanities, social sciences, and STEM disciplines on futures-thinking that are the subject of this volume, The introduction identifies the core themes of power, action, and shifting temporal modalities that underpin constructions of futurity and practices of futures-making, It outlines current debates over the extent of human agency within these larger processes. The second half of the introduction contextualizes the essays in the book within five thematic sections and demonstrates the increasing centrality of futures-thinking in all disciplines.
Paul Tillich
Authors: Pryor Adam
Published: February 2021

This chapter examines how critical insights about the nature of sin, finite freedom, and a critique of progress in the works of Reinhold Niebuhr and Paul Tillich reveal deep resonances between their respective characterizations of the human condition. This resonance stems from their common reliance on Søren Kierkegaard’s account of anxiety. However, there are slight but significant differences in Niebuhr’s and Tillich’s respective use of this account of anxiety as well. This is especially evident when one considers their account of a related theological concern: the capacity for human self-transcendence. Accounting for these differences in their view on human self-transcendence illustrates how and why more pronounced differences exist in their respective accounts of the relationship of love and justice tempered by hope, as found in Christian Realism (for Niebuhr) and the fulfilment of time as kairos in Faithful Realism (for Tillich).
John Courtney Murray
Authors: Cadeddu Francesca
Published: February 2021

This chapter offers an insight on the intellectual relationship between Reinhold Niebuhr and John Courtney Murray, SJ. Newly discovered archival documents highlight their roles as consultants to the Basic Issues Program of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (CSDI), established in 1957. The activities of the programme were based on debates pertaining to topics including religious pluralism, civic unity, and natural law. Niebuhr and Murray had the opportunity to present their perspectives on the United States religious landscape and the issues raised by ecumenical and social relations between the Protestant majority and the Catholic minority. What emerges from their confrontation is not a search for conciliation, but rather a representation of Reinhold Niebuhr’s understanding of pre-conciliar Catholic theology and John Courtney Murray’s effort to contribute to the acknowledgement of Catholics within American history and society.
Justice
Authors: Lovin Robin
Published: February 2021

For Reinhold Niebuhr, ideas of justice emerge from the interaction of human nature and historical forces. While biblical ideals do not provide a blueprint for solving modern social problems, the prophetic tradition provides us with an example for criticism of existing distributions of wealth and power. These impossible ideals enable Christian ethics to engage responsibly in the politics of modern democracy while maintaining a critical perspective on its political achievements. A realistic, flexible, and relevant idea of justice allows the correction of injustices without succumbing to the illusion that perfect justice is possible. Like democracy, justice provides ‘proximate solutions to insoluble problems’. Faith finds meaning in impossible ideals while seeking the proximate solutions.