bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the transformation potential of urbanised landscape (Vilnius case).
Authors: Dijokiene Dalia
Published: January 2019

The article analyzes the evaluation of the transformation potential of valuable urbanised landscape. Many of the old towns formed as valuable urbanised landscapes. However, the transformation of urban structures of viable cities, which also entails transformation of urbanised landscapes, is inevitable. Basically, there are only two ways of transformation – either it happens in its own way or it can be professionally controlled. In this article
the problem of urbanised landscape transformation is illustrated by the analytical work carried out for the eastern part of the Old Town of Vilnius (UNESCO heritage site). In the eastern part of the Old Town of Vilnius there are two architectural ensembles that form the characteristic panoramas and silhouettes of the Old Town. In this part of the city, various new built-up initiatives have been active since 2007. The article discusses the urban
research, the purpose of which was to answer the question about the potential height of the newly designed built up in a former historic suburb of Vilnius. The potential impact of new buildings on the panoramas, silhouettes, dominant elements, and perspectives as well as nominal spaces of that concrete street of the historical suburb is assessed based on the analysis of the towns cape seen from typical external and internal viewing points of the Old
Town. The article describes an integrated method of assessing visual effect on the urbanised landscape.
Analiza porównawcza parametrów fizykalnych wybranych złączy typu ściana zewnętrzna–okno po dociepleniu
Authors: Pawłowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

In the article there is presented a comparative analysis of physical parameters for selected joints of external partitions after insulation from internal and external sides using the TRISCO computer program. Based on calculation results and parameters of internal and external air, and variants of material sets for external partitions the thermal and humidity evaluation of joints was performer in view of binding legal regulations. The choice of material layers systems and their joints after insulation should be based on detailed calculations and analyses with taking into account exploitation conditions and changing parameters of external air.
Determination of stress-strain state of reinforced slabs from non-linear material taking into account the influence of aggressive environment
Authors: Anatolyevich Treschev Alexandr , Anatolyevich Bobryshev Alexander , Grigoryevich Telichko Victor , Nurgaleevich Shafigullin Lenar , Valeryevich Bashkatov Alexander
Published: January 2019

In this article, the construction of finite-elemental model of definition of stress-strain state of reinforced concrete plates in conditions of active deformation and simple loading in combination with long-term influence of chloride-containing operating environment. Non-linear behavior of concrete is simulated based on the determining relations proposed by Treschev, cracking and plastic deformations in armature are taken into account. The impact of the aggressive environment is taken into account in accordance with the model proposed by Petrov and Penina. In the article all basic correlations of finite elements method in convenient for software realization on a computer are given. As the object of research for this article is a concrete plate reinforced with steel reinforcement in a stretched area, which is under the joint influence of mechanical load and aggressive chloride-containing environment on the protective polymer–concrete layer. The load was taken evenly distributed across the entire slab area. At the solution of this problem the non-linear sensitivity of the basic material (concrete) to the type of the tense condition, plastic deformations in armature, degradation of a protective concrete at influence of external aggressive environment are taken into account. In the article some especially characteristic results of mathematical modeling of the specified model problem are given. The obtained results of joint influence on the plate of mechanical load and aggressive environment are analyzed.
BOKASHI JERAMI PADI MENINGKATKAN PRODUSI UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PEMBLAJARAN HORTIKULTURA
Authors: Nyoman  Oka Dewa
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) apakah pemberian bokasi jeramiÂ  padi berpengaruh terhadap produksi ubi jalar?; (2) apakah model ekperimerin ini dapat diimplementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran hortikultura?. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental, dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Jumlah perlakuan adalah 5 yaitu: kelompok P0 sebagai kontrol tidak diberi bokasi jerami dan kelompok P1, P2, P3, P4 Â diberi bokasi jerami padi masing-masing (50,100, 150, dan 200) gram. Jumlah ulangan 4 kali dan jumlah sampel tiap perlakuan sebanyak 5 buah. Sehingga jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalahÂ  5 X 4 X 5 buah stek ubi jalar = 100 buah stek. Data yang diperoleh berupa berat basah umbi ubi jalar diuji normalitas dan homogenitasnya dengan menggunakan statistik Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji Levene. Jika persyaratan normalitas dan homogenitas terpenuhi baru diadakan analisis parametrik dengan uji anova. Jika berbeda signifikan, akan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji LSD. Berdasarkan hasil uji lanjut LSD, dapat diketahui bahawa pada pemberian bokashi jerami padi (100, 150, 200) gramÂ  produksi ubi jalar meningkat secara linier dan berbeda nyata, dan yang paling tinggi peningkatan produksinya adalah tanaman yang diberi bokashi jerami padi sebanyakÂ  200 gram. Eksperimen ini sangat relevan untuk diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran hortikultura, mengingat eksperimen ini selain mampu meningkatkan kreativitas peserta didik, biayanya relatifÂ  murah.
Linear-logical decision-making algorithm for signal processing
Authors: Plaksienko V. S.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Heuristic synthesis is used to improve the efficiency of reception and processing of discrete signals under aprior information pressure. The analysis of the decisionmaking algorithm for the linear-logical processing of discrete signals in case of the incomplete aprior data on their parameters is presented. The work objective is to develop and analyze the efficiency of the linear-logical algorithms.

Materials and Methods. New mathematical algorithms for the signal reception and processing, effective under conditions of a priori uncertainty, are proposed. They are based on the consideration of the structure of emissions and process exceedance in the signal processing channels.

Research Results. Linear-logical algorithms for processing discrete signals are developed. They are based on the consideration of one, two and more detailed characteristics of emissions or exceedance of random processes.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained can be useful in the synthesis of algorithms and devices for the signal reception and processing. Algorithms and devices are implemented both in an analog form and in the form of algorithms for computers. The simulation programs for the signal processing under conditions of the considerable uncertainty of aprior information on the signals and the channels of their distribution are developed.
Reliability of parts and unrestorable components in the machine design
Authors: Manshin Yu. P. , Manshina E. Yu.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. The issues on standardization of reliability indices in the early stages of machine design are considered. This approach maintains thetarget level of reliability when developing parts that are critical in view of stable operation. The work objective is to study design problems in this area. The analysis of the reliability regulation methods suggests that they are insufficient to design. Besides, there are some contradictions associated with the use of the exponential failure law in design.

Materials and Methods. At the stage of the task order, the numerical values of the operation time and reliability of the machine are determined. Then the values of the reliability probabilities or failures of the system and its elements are shown by exponential expressions. In them, degrees are the ranking parameters of the system reliability indices.

Research Results. The alternative approach to normalization is synthesized; it enables to complete a full structural analysis. Thus, the reliability indices of the entire system or parts, whose operational safety determines the machine reliability, can be assessed. Parts and other components, whose failures are not sudden, are considered without using the exponential law. This preserves the inherent simplicity of mathematical operations.

Discussion and Conclusions. The numerical value of the reliability probability (RP) of the machine as a whole, taken at the stage of the task order, is insufficient for the reliability target design. The specified RP and running time of the system elements, which are sources of failures developing according to different laws, are required. The results obtained can be used both in designing new mechanical systems with the reliability target, and in the modernization of machines.
PERCEPATAN INOVASI LIMBAH COKLAT SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK KAMBING ETTAWA DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG BARU
Authors: Anas Amrizal , Ediset Ediset , Yanti Rahma
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis research aims to determine: a) the acceleration of innovation adoption cocoa waste as animal feed of Ettawa Cross Breed in the district of Tanjung Baru Tanah Datar, b) problems encountered in the implementation of the waste cocoa breeders as animal feed of Ettawa Cross Breed in the district of Tanjung Baru Tanah Datar. This research used survey, where respondents in the sample in this research is the goat breeders in the district of Tanjung Baru as many as 30 people. The data collected are primary data with the aid of questionnaires and secondary data with study of literature and related agencies. The results of this research indicate that the size of the adoption of the innovation seen on the velocity or the time interval between the receipt of the information and the application is done in the district of Tanjung Baru classified as fast (less than 1 week) 66.67%, broad application of innovation or the proportion of the number of animals that have been given the new innovations in the district of Tanjung Baru is applied by 76.67%, and intensification quality by comparing with recommended application submitted by extension in the district of Tanjung Baru is good at 73.33%.
Influence of Acetylene on Ripening Process of Avocado Pear and Orange Fruits
Authors: Abdulwahab Ismail Durojaiye , Abubakar Lawan Garba , Mohammed Aminu , Abdulrahman A. H. , Nwachukwu Ndidiamaka Gladys , Usman Danladi D.
Published: January 2019

Postharvest handling on ripening process of avocado and orange fruits was conducted in this study. Ripening systems which include application of acetylene gas generated from overripe banana (T1), storage in airtight drum (T2) and use of smoke (T3) were adopted while fresh samples without any treatment were used as control (C) measure. The results obtained revealed a general trend indicating that both treated climacteric fruits begun to ripen on the third day with scoring values of 3.33±0.33 and 2.67±0.33 for avocado and orange fruits respectively except for control which showed ripening symptom on day five with scoring values of 3.33±0.33 and 3.00±0.00 for the fruits respectively. T1 and C maintain fully ripen state on the fruits as other systems begun to rotten samples on the 8th day of storage duration. Sensory evaluations for both samples under acetylene treatment were very good and pleasantly good throughout the period of observation in term of texture, appearance and flavour as compared to other treatments except that the flavour were fairly bad and fairly good at the initial stage and on day 2 respectively. Acetylene treatment on both sample has demonstrated high tendency to sustain textural feel on fruits under this postharvest handling process without any noticeable deteriorative changes and can be recommended for application in food processing industries.
Monopoli dalam Perspektif Jarimah Ta'zir (Studi Putusan di Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha)
Authors: Makmun Moh.
Published: January 2019

This study is motivated by many cases of monopoly that cause consumer losses, and the absence of clear rules related to monopoly in the perspective of Islamic criminal law. The type of this research is field research using a comparative approach and the maqÄá¹£id al-syarÄ«â€˜ah approach (the purpose of Islamic law). The results of the study concluded that first, monopoly is contrary to Law No. 5 of 1999. Second, monopoly is contrary to the purpose of Islamic Shari'ah in the form of safeguarding property. Third, the monopoly in Islamic criminal law is a form of criminal offense because it violates the provisions of Islamic law, due to elements of fraud, engineering requests (offers), hoarding, cooperating in criminal acts, and inhibiting other business actors. In addition to the sanctions of monopoly actors according to Law No. 5 of 1999 in the perspective of Islamic criminal law are as follows: (1) administrative sanctions are in accordance with muamalah fiqh rules and basic legal rules; (2) the main criminal sanctions are in accordance with Islamic sharia provisions, but the sanctions need to be added by paying CSR as a return on profits; (3) additional criminal sanctions are also in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law; and (4) prisons are additional sanctions, not sanctions of choice.
Rekonstruksi Metodologi Fikih Kontemporer
Authors: Ansori Ansori
Published: January 2019

One of the causes of underdevelopment of Muslims is when fiqh is positioned equivalent to naá¹£á¹£ (Holy Scripture). When fiqh is equated with naá¹£á¹£, fiqh becomes sacred, there is no courage for people to criticize it, let alone make changes to existing fiqh provisions. As a product of reason (ijtihÄd), fiqh is not intended as a final legal provision. The ijtihÄd carried out by the generation after the death of the Prophet Muhammad must be made an important lesson for the need for the development of Islamic law (fiqh) to keep abreast of the times. Another important thing is that applying fiqh law must not only follow fiqh products, but also must understand the process. This means that knowing the methods used by jurists (fuqahÄâ€™) to process fiqh births should not be ruled out. Understanding the methods used by jurists (fuqahÄâ€™) will open the development of fiqh in the global era, so that fiqh products as a guideline for Muslims will remain relevant and responsive and able to solve contemporary problems.
The Authority of Majelis Tafsir Al-Qur'an (MTA) Fatwa: Critical Review of the MTA's Sunday Morning Brochure
Authors: Nashirudin Muh , Mudofir Mudofir
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses the authority behind the Sunday Morning Brochure by Majelis Tafsir Al-Qurâ€™an (MTA). The Sunday Morning Brochure is a study material given on Sunday morning and distributed to MTA members, and they can be regarded as a fatwa or the result of the MTAâ€™s ijtihÄd in understanding the sources of Islamic law. From the documentations and interviews, this research finds that the study materials on the MTAâ€™s Sunday morning brochures have been designed by a team of experts under the supervision of Ahmad Sukina. However, the brochures are, in fact, only prepared individually by the chairman of the team, i.e. Masduki who cannot be said to be authoritative in the istinbÄá¹­ or ijtihÄd of Islamic law because he does not meet the criteria as an individual mujtahid in establishing the Islamic law. While using the jargon back to the Qur'an and Sunnah, MTA still uses ijmÄ' and qiyÄs as a proposition though in a very limited case. Other sources than those four, such as istiá¸¥sÄn, maá¹£laá¸¥ah, and istiá¹£á¸¥Äb will not be used by the MTA.
Diskursus 'Iddah Berpersepktif Gender: Membaca Ulang 'Iddah dengan Metode Dalalah al-Nass
Authors: Nuroniyah Wardah
Published: January 2019

Generally â€˜iddah only applies to women (wives), with the ultimate goal of knowing the emptiness of wifeâ€™s womb. But if indeed the sole purpose of â€˜iddah is to know the vacuum of the womb, then it is appropriate that â€˜iddah is only for women, for only women have wombs. In this case, it means that â€˜iddah only relates to sex (gender) and it is natural. However, the function of â€˜iddah is not only to know the cleanliness of a wifeâ€™s womb, but from some other wisdom such as the prevention of infectious diseases, the period of reconciliation, upholding marital problems, and also serving a period of mourning when oneâ€™s partner dies. The wisdom and purpose of â€˜iddah is actually an implementation of the concept of general benefits (al-kulliyat al-khams) namely hifáº“ al-dÄ«n (for religion), hifáº“ al-nafs (for souls), hifáº“ al-â€˜aql (for minds), hifáº“ al-nasl aw al-â€˜ird (for esteems) dan hifáº“ mÄl (for properties/wealth). By using the method of dalÄlah al-dalÄlah, and by taking into account the legal reasoning (â€˜illah al-á¸¥ukm), it is very logically and legally acceptable that the implementation of â€˜iddah is not only for women. The enactment of â€˜iddah for women (wives) and men (husbands) is at least more upholding the human dignity and human rights â€‹â€‹when marriage is concerned. This study uses a philosophical approach, with the aim of trying to find benefit values â€‹â€‹in syariah law from the concept of â€˜iddah, which is based on gender equality.
Rekonstruksi Hukum Wad'iy: Pembaharuan Usul Fikih dan Respon terhadap Kajian Fikih
Authors: Siregar Ahmad Sholihin
Published: January 2019

This study aims to reconstruct the waá¸â€™Ä« law in uá¹£Å«l fiqh. This reconstruction is important considering the facts: mubá¹­il which is always cited in fiqh, has no referrence to uá¹£Å«l fiqh, the ambiguity of waá¸â€™Ä«â€™s definition and its unsystematic function as explained in uá¹£Å«l fiqh. The reconstruction of waá¸â€™Ä« law in this article consisted of: 1) adding mubá¹­il to waá¸â€™Ä« law. Mubá¹­il, as a decree of Allah (khiá¹­ÄbullÄh) which stipulates something as the cause of the cancellation of acts, is required in law because it is needed in explaining the law of acts, it is not the opposite of conditions (syará¹­), and the decree (khiá¹­Äb) about mubá¹­il is found in the Qurâ€™an; 2) â€˜azÄ«mah should also be determened as khiá¹­ÄbullÄh, which stipulates something as a special reason for the enactment of general law from special law, in addition to the initial definition. 3) the waá¸â€™Ä« law should be defined implicitly and exclusively as khiá¹­ÄbullÄh, assigned something as determinant factor or measurement for mukallafâ€™s (legal subjects) deeds. 4) Restructuring of waá¸â€™Ä« law according to its function, i.e. by measuring taklÄ«fÄ« law, it must be divided into three parts systematically, namely: pre-acts (sabab-mÄni`-rukhá¹£ah-â€™azÄ«mah), in acts (syará¹­-mubá¹­il), and post-acts (á¹£ahÌ£Ä«hÌ£-bÄá¹­il).
STUDI PEMBUATAN BRIKET ARANG DARI TANAH GAMBUT SEBAGAI SOLUSI PRAKTIS PENGGANTI KAYU BAKAR
Authors: Siagian Henok , Ginting Edi Surata
Published: January 2019

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah : (1). Untuk membuat briket arang dari tanah gambut Lintongnihuta (2). Untuk mengetahui nilai kalor briket arang tanah gambut Lintongnihuta yang dibuat dengan variasi massa bahan perekat, lama pengeringan dan tekanan  (3). dan Untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai kalor briket arang gambut dengan nilai kalor standard Jepang. Bahan dasar pembuatan briket arang ini adalah tanah gambut yang berasal dari Lintongnihuta dengan memakai bahan perekat tepung tapioka. Cara pembuatannya, tanah gambut dibakar selama 5-6 jam di dalam drum pembakaran hingga menjadi arang kemudian didinginkan selama 8 jam dan setelah jadi arang diayak hingga ukuran 100 mesh. Metode pembuatan briket : Arang yang sudah diayak dicampur perekat adonan tepung tapioka dengan perbandingan (122,5 : 2,5) gram ; (120,0 : 5,0) gram ; (117,5 : 7,5) gram, kemudian dicetak pakai mesin hidrolik dengan variasi tekanan 9 ton dan 7 ton, lalu dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari dengan variasi 1 hari, 3 hari dan 5 hari. Setelah briket arang kering dilakukan pengujian nilai kalor dengan menggunakan kalorimeter bom. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa : Nilai kalor briket arang tanah gambut Lintong-nihuta yang dicampur perekat tepung tapioka dipengaruhi oleh variasi tekanan dan lama pengeringan. Semakin besar tekanan yang diberikan pada saat pencetakan briket semakin tinggi nilai kalornya dan semakin lama pengeringan briket semakin tinggi juga nilai kalornya. Nilai kalor tertinggi diperoleh pada perbandingan briket arang tanah gambut dengan perekat (122,5 : 2,5) gram dengan   tekanan 9 ton dan lama pengeringan 5 hari sebesar 6712,54 kal/gr. Nilai kalor briket arang tanah gambut Lintongnihuta memenuhi standar kalor briket Jepang 6000-7000 kal/gr. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa briket arang tanah gambut Lintongnihuta dapat dipakai sebagai pengganti kayu bakar untuk keperluan rumah tangga.
Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Tinggi Badan OtomatisBerbasis Arduino Uno R3 Menggunakan SensorPing Parallax Ultrasonic Dengan Tampilan Lcd (Liquid Crystal Display) Dan Suara
Authors: Nasution Habibi Azka , Amdani Khairul
Published: January 2019

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tinggi badan manusia dengan menggunakan alat ukur digital. Sensor PING Parallax Ultrasonic digunakan sebagai pendeteksi objek. Arduino Uno R3 yang digunakan sebagai basis utama pengendalian sistem dan pengolahan data dari sensor dengan mikrokontroler ATMega 328. Sensor memancarkan  sinyal pada Trigger. Apabila sinyal mengenai objek maka akan dipantulkan pada bagian Echo. Hasil dari pengukuran yang telah diolah pada bagian Arduino Uno R3 ditampilkan pada LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) dan suara. Alat yang dirancang terlebih dahulu diuji kepekaannya untuk mendeteksi jarak kemudian diaplikasikan untuk pengukuran tinggi badan manusia. Hasil pengujian kepekaan alat memiliki persentase kesalahan sebesar 1.51% dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0.99. Hasil dari pengukuran tinggi badan manusia memiliki persentase kesalahan  0.46% dengan selang kepercayaan bagi rata – rata perhitungannya alat mampu bekerja dengan baik pada rentang 135,48 cm hingga 181,22 cm dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 %,  maka alat ukur tinggi badan manusia ini dapat dipergunaakan untuk mengganti alat yang konvensional. Kata kunci : Ping Parallax Ultrasonic, Arduino Uno R3, Trigger, Echo
Analisis Sifat Mekanis Dan Struktur Nanokomposit Abu Sekam Padi Sebagai Filler Termoplastik Hdpe
Authors: Ginting Eva Marlina , Padang Martha Marchofinece
Published: January 2019

Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian pengolahan dan karakterisasi abu sekam padi sebagai bahan pengisi termoplastik HDPE. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengisi terhadap kekuatan mekanis nanokomposit serta bagaimana struktur permukaan nanokomposit.Nanopartikel abu sekam padi telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode kopresitasi dengan menggunakan PEG 6000 sebagai template nanopartikel, sehingga dipergunakan perbandingan 1:3 antara nanopartikel dengan PEG. Penggunaan nanopartikel abu sekam padi sebagai bahan pengisi termoplastik HDPE dilakukan dengan menggunakan kompatibiliser Pe-g-MA menjadi nanokomposit. Dari hasil uji tarik dihasilkan bahwa nanokomposit HDPE/ASP dengan menggunakan kompatibiliser Pe-g-MA hasil uji tarik nanokomposit menghasilkan sampel dengan nilai terbaik yaitu pada komposisi pengisi yang masing-masing  untuk HDPE/Pe-g-MA/ASP dengan kekuatan tarik 20.60133 MPa (pengisi 2 %), modulus Young’s sebesar 619.7633 MPa (pengisi 10 %), tegangan putus sebesar 15.737 MPa (pengisi 4 %), dan regangan putus sebesar 591.5333 % GL (pengisi 8 %).   Kata kunci : HDPE, nanopartikel, abu sekam padi, PE-g-MA, analisis SEM, analisis mekanis.
Studi Penentuan Semikonduktor Melalui Kajian Celah Energi Kompleks Senyawa Be-Porfirin Menggunakan Metode Komputasi Semiempiris ZINDO/1
Authors: Siregar Alkhafi Maas , Sinaga Hendro Jansya
Published: January 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan celah energi dari Be-Porfirin yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan semikonduktor dan menganalisis penyerapan inframerah dari Be-Porfirin. Penelitian ini menggunakan software Hyperchem versi 8.0 untuk Windows 7. Celah energi dan analisis penyerapan inframerah dari Be-Porfirin diperoleh dengan metode komputasi semiempiris ZINDO/1. Adapun celah energi dihitung dari selisih energi pada energi HOMO ( Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) dan energi LUMO ( Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital ). Energi HOMO yang dihasilkan sebesar 3,535352 eV dan energi LUMO sebesar 3,856724 eV, sehingga celah energinya sebesar 0.321372. Be-Porfirin yang diberi radiasi inframerah akan menyerap energi yang mampu mengeksitasi elektron dari pita valensi menuju pita konduksi. Energi foton yang diserap harus lebih besar dari celah energi yang dihasilkan. Be-Porfirin menyerap energi foton pada panjang gelombang 2,04 µm -2,11 µm. Sesuai dengan literatur, semikonduktor memiliki celah energi 0 < Eg < 3. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Be-Porfirin dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan semikonduktor organik dan memiliki kemiripan dengan bahan semikonduktor lead selenide(PbSe). Be-Porfirin menyerap baik sinar infra merah pada area mid infrared sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dalam pembuatan sensor dalam area mid infrared.Kata kunci : Semikonduktor Organik, Porfirin, Hyperchem versi 8.0, celah energi, Inframerah
Identifikasi Sebaran Situs Purbakala Di Desa Lobu Tua Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Dengan Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Dan Penginderaan Jauh
Authors: Sutama Indriani , Kadri Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan memanfaatkan Resistivitas bawah permukaan dan memanfaatkan citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI dengan tujuan untuk menentukan penyebaran resistivitas bawah permukaan bumi secara vertikal dan horizontal serta memetakan permukaan daerah bersejarah di Desa Lobu Tua menggunakan metode Geolistrik konfigurasi Schlumberger dan Penginderaan Jauh. Data pengukuran dilapangan diolah untuk mendapatkan gambar penampang kontur nilai resistivitas perlapisan dan penyebaran batuan dengan menggunakan software Res2Dinv dan untuk penginderaan jauh yang memanfaatkan data citra satelit landsat 8 OLI Path 129 Row 58. Data diolah menggunakan software Envi 4.7 dan ArcGIS 10.0  untuk memperoleh peta permukaan daerah Lobu Tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya anomali batuan andesit sebagai batuan penyusun situs purbakala dengan nilai resistivitas 1313 Ωm – 1820 Ωm. keberadaan batuan andesit bervariasi pada kedalaman 5 meter sampai 25 meter dan jarak 20 meter  sampai 140 meter. struktur lapisan pada setiap lintasan terdapat lapisan alluvium yang terdiri dari pasir dan kerikil dengan nilai resistivitas 44,8 Ωm – 1059 Ωm. berdasarkan data penginderaan jauh diketahui daerah Lobu Tua didominasi oleh endapan batuan alluvium dengan kemiringan lereng 0 – 0.6%.Kata Kunci: Geolistrik, Res2Dinv, Citra Satelit, Envi 4.7, ArcGIS 10.0, andesit, alluvium
ANALISIS NILAI RESISTIVITAS DI TANAH PENINGGALAN SEJARAH PURBAKALA MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK DI DAERAH LOBU TUA KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH
Authors: Hutahean Juniar , Sirait Cici Ramadayani
Published: January 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian geolistrik dan analisis nilai resistivitas tanah peninggalan sejarah purbakala menggunakan metode geolistrik di daerah Lobu Tua Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Dengan tujuan untuk (1). mengetahui nilai resistivitas di tanah penginggalan sejarah purbakala, (2). Mengetahui jenis peninggalan benda arkeologi sejarah purbakala, (3). Mengetahui perbandingan hasil dari nilai resistivitas menggunakan Res2DinV dengan jenis batuan berdasarkan peta geologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode geolistrik (Resistivity meter) ARES – G4 v4.7, SN: 0609135, (Automatic Resistivity System), dengan konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menancapkan elektroda sepanjang 155 meter, dan posisi lintasan dilakukan dengan mengukur, titik pangkal, titik tengah, dan titik ujung. Pengolahan data menggunakan Res2DinV. Hasil pengukuran nilai resistivitas yang diperoleh dari lintasan 1 berkisar antara 113 Ωm sampai 1250 Ωm dengan kedalaman 6,38 meter sampai 9,39 meter. sedangkan pada lintasan 2 berkisar 69,9 Ωm sampai 4705 Ωm kedalaman 1,25 meter sampai 3,81 meter.  menunjukkan jenis lempung, mineral lempung bersifat menghantarkan arus listrik sehingga harga tahanan jenis akan kecil.Kata Kunci : Geolistrik, Nilai Resistivitas, Lobu Tua.
UJI KELAYAKAN AIR TELAGA ABADI BERDASARKAN BAKU MUTU AIR DENGAN PARAMETER FISIKA DAN PARAMETER KIMIA DI DESA SIUNONG-UNONG JULU KECAMATAN BAKTIRAJA KABUPATEN HUMBANG HASUNDUTAN
Authors: Purba Fransiska T.D. , Harahap Mukti Hamjah
Published: January 2019

Penelitian yang telah dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air dan kelayakan air telaga abadi sebagai air minum di desa Siunong-unong Julu Kecamatan Baktiraja Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan. Kelayakan air telaga abadi untuk air minum didasarkan pada baku mutu air yang telah ditetapkan oleh PERMENKES 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengukur daya hantar listrik dengan konduktivitimeter sebagai Parameter Fisika, kandungan mineral air dengan Parameter Kimia di BTKLPP Medan, dan kandungan besi dalam air di BARISTAN Medan. Penentuan kualitas air telaga abadi didasarkan pada baku mutu air yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah yaitu PERMENKES 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Tanah untuk Air Minum. Sampel penelitian diambil 11 titik di sekitar lokasi Air Telaga Abadi. Hasil penelitian parameter Fisika, yaitu kekeruhan dan suhu terdapat 1 sampel yang tidak layak memenuhi baku mutu air minum karena kekeruhannya melewati ambang batas dari 5 NTU , yaitu nilainya 6,87 NTU. Nilai DHL jika dikaitkan dengan Teori Davis, semua sampel air telaga abadi masih memenuhi baku mutu dengan nilai tertinggi 140,56 μmhos/cm, 25℃. Dan hasil penelitian parameter Kimia, yaitu pH, Nitrat, kesadahan, klorida, TDS, besi (Fe) semua sampel air telaga abadi telah memenuhi baku mutu air minum menurut PERMENKES 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Tanah untuk Air Minum.Kata Kunci : Kualitas air, Air Tanah, Parameter Fisika, Parameter Kimia
A perspectiva linear e o espírito ocidental:
a objetivação do subjetivo
Authors: Edgerton Samuel
Published: January 2019

Tradução do artigo do Professor P.H.D. Samuel Y. Edgerton, Jr para a publicação Cultures, no 3, Vol III, de 1976. Edgerton escreveu uma série de ensaios que tratam das conexões entre arte e ciência durante o final da Idade Média e o Renascimento. Neste artigo, ele discute, ainda que, numa visão ocidental, as transformações na Arte no fim da Idade Média na Europa, com o surgimento de métodos científicos de traçado da perspectiva linear, que teriam imenso impacto em quase todas as área do conhecimento.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Gel Preparations, Sesami Oil Soybean Oil and Oleic Acid as Enhancers
Authors: Samosir Rugun Clara , Sopyan Iyan , Gozali Dolih
Published: January 2019

Permeation is a measurable profile in drug penetration in skin. Adding increasing permeation substance (enhancer) in drug formulation is an important thing in pharmaceutical and toxicology in nowadays. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of sesame oil, soybean oil, and oleic acid as enhancer in ketoprofen gel permeation. Six formula were prepared by varying concentration of sesame oil, soybean oil, and oleic acid respectively 5% and 10% and one blank, without enhancer. Permeation test was evaluated by in vitro permeation test using Franz diffusion cell method and shed snake skin of reticulated python as a membrane. Permeation test were carried out for 6 hours. The result showed that sesame oil, soybean oil, and oleic acid were able to increase ketoprofen permeation. B1 formula that contain 5% sesame oil had greatest percent permeation after 6 hours is 5.913%, while blank that contain no enhancer is 0.623%.Keywords: ketoprofen, permeation, enhancer, soybean oil, sesame oil, oleic acid.
The Impact of Sunitinib N-oxide as a Photodegradation Product of Sunitinib
Authors: Takenaka Miki , Takahashi Yuta , Yashima Hideaki , Araki Takuya , Yamamoto Koujirou
Published: January 2019

During treatment with sunitinib, dosage adjustment according to the monitored blood concentration of sunitinib and SU12662 is considered useful. On the other hand, the appearance of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) cannot be explained by blood sunitinib concentration alone. Although light exposure greatly affects skin disorders associated with medication use, the photodegradation of sunitinib has not been studied in detail. Here, we investigated the photodegradation products of sunitinib using LC-MS and examined cytotoxic activities using an MTT assay. N-desethyl sunitinib and sunitinib N-oxide were identified as photodegradation products, and their concentrations increased under irradiation in a time-dependent manner. Although the IC50 value of N-desethyl sunitinib in the HEK 293 cell line (11.6 µmol/L) was similar to that of sunitinib (8.6 µmol/L), the IC50 value of sunitinib N-oxide (121.9 µmol/L) was over 10 times higher than that of sunitinib. In addition, N-desethyl sunitinib and sunitinib N-oxide were found in blood obtained from a patient taking sunitinib (24.7 and 2.3 ng/mL, respectively). Because the appearance of adverse drug reactions associated with sunitinib can be reduced by using α-tocopherol nicotinate, which has a strong antioxidant effect, we believe that sunitinib N-oxide might strongly promote the development of HFSR.Keyword : sunitinib, sunitinib N-oxide, photodegradation product, light
Ta'lim Fi'il Amr min Khilal Kitab Muqarrar al-Lugah al-'Arabiyyah fi al-Fashl al-Tsamin fi al-Madrasah al-Tsanwiyah Batu Sitanduk fi Manthiqah Walenran al-Syimaliyyah Mudiriyyh Luwu (dirasah sharfiyyah thatbiqiyyah)
Authors: Hasanuddin Muhammad Irfan
Published: January 2019

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui materi kata kerja perintah dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada siswa kelas delapan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Batusitanduk Kec. Walenarang Utara dikenal Kab. Luwu (2) mengetahui materi kata kerja perintah dengan tanya jawab pada pada siswa kelas delapan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Batusitanduk Kec. Walenarang Utara dikenal Kab. Luwu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, opini. Dari penelitian ini kami menemukan hasil: (1) mengetahui materi kata kerja perintah dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada siswa kelas delapan, yaitu: cara membuat membuat kata kerja perintah, membedakannya dan menyusunnya serta mendapatkan dalam bacaan, dan karakteristik kata kerja perintah, (2) materi tentang kata kerja perintah di kelas delapan tidak terlalu sulit untuk dipahami dan lebih fokus pada materi melakukan perintah di kelas, melatih membuat perintah-perintah sederhana untuk memperkuat materi kata kerja perintah. Peserta didik lebih banyak diarahkan untuk membuat contoh-contoh fiil amr (kata kerja perintah) dalam bacaan.Kata Kunci: Fiil Amr, diktat
Improvement of Multimodal Images Classification Based on DSMT Using Visual Saliency Model Fusion With SVM
Authors: Anzid Hanan , Le Goic Gaetan , Bekkari Aissam , Mansouri Alamin , Mammass Driss
Published: January 2019

Multimodal images carry available information that can be complementary, redundant information, and overcomes the various problems attached to the unimodal classification task, by modeling and combining these information together. Although, this classification gives acceptable classification results, it still does not reach the level of the visual perception model that has a great ability to classify easily observed scene thanks to the powerful mechanism of the human brain.

 In order to improve the classification task in multimodal image area, we propose a methodology based on Dezert-Smarandache formalism (DSmT), allowing fusing the combined spectral and dense SURF features extracted from each modality and pre-classified by the SVM classifier. Then we integrate the visual perception model in the fusion process.

To prove the efficiency of the use of salient features in a fusion process with DSmT, the proposed methodology is tested and validated on a large datasets extracted from acquisitions on cultural heritage wall paintings. Each set implements four imaging modalities covering UV, IR, Visible and fluorescence, and the results are promising.
Challenges in the Development of Affective Collaborative Learning Environment with Artificial Peers
Authors: Pudane Mara , Petrovica Sintija , Lavendelis Egons , Anohina-Naumeca Alla
Published: January 2019

Collaborative learning is a process that involves a group of peers collaborating with the aim to acquire new knowledge or skills. Collaborative learning environment enables such interactions by means of ICT. The paper focuses on affective collaborative learning environments, i.e., collaborative learning environments that are additionally aware of user’s emotions and moods. Based on the analysis of existing research, a general architecture of an affective collaborative learning environment has been proposed in the paper and the main challenges for developing such an environment have been identified, namely, nonintrusive and safe detection of user’s emotions, the adaptation of tutoring strategies, as well as modelling of artificial peers. This study can be considered the first step for the development of the collaborative learning environment that takes into account various affective aspects during the collaborative learning process.
Models of Printed Circuit Boards Conductive Pattern Defects
Authors: Danilova Evgeniya , Kochegarov Igor , Yurkov Nikolay , Miheev Mikhail , Kante Normunds
Published: January 2019

A number of PCB defects, though having passed successfully the defect identification procedure, can potentially grow into critical defects under the influence of various external and (or) internal influences. The complex nature of the development of defects leading to PCB failures demands developing and updating the data measuring systems not only for detection but also for the prediction of future development of PCB defects considering the external influences. To solve this problem, it is necessary to analyse the models of defect development, which will allow predicting the defect growth and working out the mathematical models for their studies.

The study uses the methods of system analysis, theory of mathematical and imitation modelling, analysis of technological systems. The article presents four models for determining the theoretical stress concentration factor for several types of common defects, considering the strength loss of PCB elements. For each model the evaluation of parameters determining its quality is also given. The formulas are given that link the geometry of defects and the stress concentration factor, corresponding to four types of defects. These formulas are necessary for determining the number of cycles and time to failure, fatigue strength coefficient.

The chosen models for determining the values of the stress concentration factor can be used as a database for identifying PCB defects. The proposed models are used for software implementation of the optical image inspection systems.
Discrete Models in Research of Wave Processes in Rod Structures of Radio-Electronic Means
Authors: Lysenko Alexey , Yurkov Nikolay , Trusov Vasiliy , Zhashkova Tatyana , Lavendels Jurijs
Published: January 2019

The article shows the relevance of the application of discrete models of rod structures of radio-electronic means (REM) for the study of their behaviour under transient loading. A discrete model of the propagation of harmonic waves in the rod and the study of standing waves are proposed. Computational experiments using the proposed model are conducted. The results show that the model accurately reflects qualitative dynamics of the physical processes in the elastic rod while the waves of elastic deformations are passing through. The proposed models are used for software implementations of systems of mechanical simulation of the behaviour of rod structures.
Determination of Vibrational Displacement Measurement Error Based on the Blurring Analysis of a Round Mark Image
Authors: Grigorev Alexey , Lysenko Alexey , Kochegarov Igor , Roganov Vladimir , Lavendels Jurijs
Published: January 2019

The relevance and nature of a new technology for measurement of vibrational displacement of a material point through normal toward the object plane are stated in the article. This technology provides registration and processing of images of a round mark or a matrix of round marks, which are applied to the surface of a control object. A measuring signal here is the module of radius increment of the round mark image at vibrational blurring of this image. The method for calculation of the given error of measurements, as a function of a number of pixels of the round mark image, has been developed and proven in the present research. The results of pilot studies are given. Linearity of transformation of the measured size into a measuring signal has been proven. The conditions of a technical compromise between the field of view area of a recording device during distribution measurement of vibrational displacements along the surface of a control object, and the accuracy of this measurement are determined. The results are illustrated with numerical examples of calculations of the given error of measurements in the set field of view and the one at the given maximum set error of measurements.
Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa
Authors: Milovanović Vladimir , Dimitrijević Ljiljana , Petrušić Vladimir , Kadrić Jasminka , Minić Rajna , Živković Irena
Published: January 2019

During time, both professionals and general public became aware of the importance of animal welfare. This term not only covers endangered wild animal species, animals used in food industry, pets and experimental animals, but also animals used in production of biologics. The implementation of the 3R concept (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) is especially important in this type of production. In this article, we describe for the first time the low dose, low volume and multi-site immunization protocol, as well as appropriate ELISA we developed for production of European anti-viper (V. ammodytes, long horned) antivenom in horses, which can help to significantly improve the welfare of the used animals.
Austerity and Irish local government expenditure since the Great Recession
Authors: Turley Gerard , McNena Stephen , Robbins Geraldine
Published: January 2019

This paper sets out to establish the extent of austerity in the Irish local government system during and after the Great Recession. Austerity is measured by the adjusted change in local government expenditure from peak to trough years, and is analysed by type of expenditure, service division and local authority. Stripping out the change in local government current spending that is due to expenditure reassignments reveals that the austerity-related reduction in local government operating expenditure is not as large as often portrayed. As for other findings, there are sizeable differences across the aforementioned classifications, with, most notably, capital expenditure cuts far exceeding cuts in current expenditure. The largest decreases in total spending were on roads and housing services, and small rural county councils endured the most austerity, as measured by the initial reductions in current expenditure. In terms of policy implications, the biggest concern is the large infrastructural deficit that needs to be tackled, arising from austerity cuts in capital expenditure imposed at both central and local government level. As the economy recovers from the Great Recession and the subsequent era of austerity, failure to address this problem will hinder Ireland’s international competitiveness, constrain the economy’s future growth rate and result in impoverishment of public services at local level.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Low Temperature on Germination of Some Prunus Species Embryos (Without Cotyledons) Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Ghayyad Mahmoud. A.
Published: January 2019

Seeds of Prunus species do not germinate as a result of different mechanisms of dormancy such as physiological, physical and/or chemical ones. This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of three concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) 1, 3, and 5 mg.L−1 and low temperature at 5 °C on germination and on the length of isolated embryos from cotyledons of almond, apricot, plum, peach, mahaleb and sweet cherry on top of filter paper under laboratory conditions. The highest germination percentage (96.67%) was at 1 mg.L−1 GA3 without cold treatment or 3 mg.L−1 GA3 + cold treatment in almond, the highest length of embryos (15.47 mm) was also in almond at 1 mg.L−1 GA3 without cold treatment. Embryos of mahaleb and sweet cherry germinated at low germination percentages of 31.16%, 33.33% respectively at 3 mg.L−1 GA3 + cold treatment. It was concluded that embryos of almond, apricot, plum and peach were germinated successfully on top of filter paper under laboratory conditions and GA3 increased significantly the germination percentages of the isolated embryos either after cold treatment or without compared with controls. A strong positive correlation was found between seed germination without testa, embryos germination and final embryos length simultaneously.
Impact of Organic Fertilizers on Morphological and Phenological Properties and Yield of Tomatoes
Authors: Valšíková-Frey Magdaléna , Sopková Dominika , Rehuš Marián , Komár Patrik
Published: January 2019

The field trial was carried out in 2016 and 2017 on the grounds of the Botanical Garden of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The aim of the paper was to test the impact of new organic fertilizers from Company Rokosan on the yield parameters and the morphological and phenological properties of tomatoes. In the experiments, we observed two determinant varieties, namely ‘Brixol F1’ and ‘Uno Rosso F1’. We used the bulk organic fertilizer Rokosan P, designed for fruiting vegetables, and the liquid fertilizer Rokohumin Z. Both forms of fertilizers are produced as organic biomineral fertilizers, their main ingredient being keratin. They contain 9% N, 9% P2O5, 9% K2O, 3% MgO and trace elements. The total harvest in the control variant without fertilization was the lowest compared to the fertilized variants. The second variant was fertilized with the Rokosan P fertilizer, and the harvests were in both years and in both varieties higher than in the variant 1. The third variant was fertilized with the Rokohumin Z, the liquid fertilizer and achieved the best crop yields per plant. For the ‘Uno Rosso F1’ the best total harvest weight was 7.2 kg per plant in 2016 and 8.96 in 2017. For the ‘Brixol F1’, the highest harvest was 8.14 kg per plant in 2016 and 9.24 kg in 2017. In terms of yields and the number of fruits, combined fertilization with the bulk fertilizer Rokosan P and the liquid fertilizer Rokohumin Z reached the second highest values.
Some Topological and Algebraic Properties of α-level Subsets’ Topology of a Fuzzy Subset
Authors: Onasanya B. O. , Hoskova-Mayerova S.
Published: January 2019

The theory of fuzzy sets, since its foundation, has advanced in a wide range of means and in many fields. One of the areas to which fuzzy set theory has been applied extensively is mathematical programming. Nevertheless, the applications of fuzzy theory can be found in e.g. logic, decision theory, artificial intelligence, computer science, control engineering, expert systems, management science, operations research, robotics, and others. Theoretical improvements have been made in many directions. Nowadays it has a lot of applications also on possibility theory, actuarial credibility theory, fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning, fuzzy control, fuzzy data analysis, fuzzy set models in operations research, etc. The aim of this paper is to investigate some topological properties of a set X when the topology defined on it is the collection of all the α-level subsets of a fuzzy subset A of X.

We have been able to establish some results regarding fuzzy cluster level subsets, convergence of level subsets and quasicompactness among others.