bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of English Textbook Grade-VIII at Elementary Level Prescribed by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore
Authors: Gill Muhammad Imran Manzoor , Muhammad Noor
Published: May 2022

This study capaciously investigated the analysis of English textbook at the elementary level in Pakistan. The textbook evaluation was the process of scooping out significance or worth by careful appraisal and study. The textbook was a key component in English language programs. Despite their important role, textbooks were not always professionally designed. They did not fit the curriculum and closely corresponded with the aims of the teaching program and the needs of the students. The target population for the research was all the public elementary schools of district Toba Tek Singh. Out of four tehsils of Toba Tek Singh, ten schools (five boys and five girls) were chosen from each tehsil through random sampling. Furthermore, four teachers from each school were selected randomly. Thus, the sample comprised 160 teachers. As a tool of research, a questionnaire was developed by the researcher and validated through experts’ opinions. The critical inquiry was made of the proposed syllabus for the said textbook. The views of textbook users were analyzed, and evaluation was executed in an exhaustive manner. Data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS 18.0 version. After data analysis, various shortcomings in the textbook were found, and suggestions and recommendations were made for further improvement. A number of respondents believe that topics related to women, patriotism, national heroes, cultural festivals, stress, intonation, and phonology are not included in the textbook. These topics may be included to make the book to make it up-to-date according to the National Curriculum 2006.
A Study of Performance of Leadership Styles of Selected Heads and Promoted Heads in Secondary Schools of District Sargodha- Pakistan
Authors: Yasmeen Saima
Published: May 2022

The study's main purpose was to analyse the impact of leadership styles of selected heads and promoted heads in the secondary schools of District Sargodha. This study also explored the relationship between leadership styles and student performance and the problems faced by secondary school heads while using these leadership styles. An independent sample T-Test was conducted to compare scores of annual matric results of selected heads and promoted heads. The research design was quantitative in nature and the researcher conducted a survey to collect data. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data. The targeted population was the 302 secondary schools of District Sargodha. The researcher used random sampling techniques for data collection. The total number of selected schools was 96 schools. The results were examined by frequency distribution, percentage of scores, correlation, mean and independent sample T-Test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Based on the results, the study described that most of the selected heads used using autocratic style and promoted heads used the democratic style. Less than half of the selected heads used democratic, and less than half of the promoted heads were using a Laissez-Faire style. There was a positive correlation between autocratic style, democratic style and student performance as well as found a negative correlation between Laissez-Faire style and student performance. Based on the results drawn from the independent sample T-Test found that there was a significant difference between annual matric results of selected heads and promoted heads. It was concluded that selected heads were using autocratic leadership style and got better student results than promoted heads. Hence, it is recommended that the heads be more flexible in adopting appropriate leadership styles to create collaborative working environments with higher levels of commitment, motivation, facilitating higher productivity and increased student achievements. This study suggested training must be given to heads about modern technology utilization.
Interrogating the idea of ‘Sustainable Agriculture’ and its impact in India
Authors: Bhargava Rashi , Yadav Amrata , Shrestha Muskan
Published: May 2022

This research paper aims to explore the paradigms responsible for using the term sustainability in agriculture, trace the trajectory of the concept of ―sustainable agriculture‖ used in contemporary times and assess its social impact in the Indian context. The study was conducted using primary documents like reports of international organizations and those published by the Indian government and secondary literature i.e. popular articles, academic writings, journalistic pieces, online articles and blogs, to trace the usage of the concept ―sustainable agriculture‖ and understand the social impact of using the sustainable agriculture approach. The study began by tracing the emergence and need for sustainability as a concept in agriculture on a global platform and its introduction in India. The paper ends with an outline of some of the policies and schemes formulated by the Government of India. It focuses on its impacts in due course of time to understand the current situation regarding the implementation of sustainability.
Expiry of the prescription period for criminal liability: the court’s solutions
Authors:   National Institute of Justice, Republic of Moldova, Eşanu Adriana , Reniţă Gheorghe ,   Moldova State University
Published: May 2022

This article highlighted the existence of a non-uniform judicial practice regarding the solution pronounced by the courts when the limitation period for criminal prosecution has expired. In some cases, the Supreme Court of Justice has ordered the termination of criminal proceedings. On the contrary, in other cases, the Supreme Court considered it appropriate to pronounce a sentence of conviction, but without the application of a criminal penalty. In this regard, we have demonstrated that it is possible to order the termination of the criminal proceedings, due to the expiration of the limitation period in the event that the defendant does not request the examination of the merits of the case. At the same time, if the defendant requests an examination of the case and claims that he is innocent, then the court must investigate the evidence and draw a proper conclusion in this regard. Thus, if the court finds that the person is innocent, he must issue an acquittal. Correlatively, in the event that the court finds the person guilty, then he will have to specify this in his motivation, but not in the operative part of the decision (sentence / decision). At the same time, even in this situation, the court must release the defendant from criminal liability in connection with the expiration of the limitation period
ECtHR judgments: national judicial authority execution obligations
Authors:   Moldova State University, Oganesean Armen
Published: May 2022

In this article, we have researched the concept of the execution of ECtHR judgments by the national judicial authority with the finalization of the reasoning for the application of the judicial precedent in criminal proceedings. At the same time, we approached the premises for the use of jurisprudence as a source of law in the criminal process, revealing the particularities of the execution of ECtHR judgments in the criminal process. Through the research realized, a complex investigation was carried out of the theoretical-legislative aspects regarding the execution of the ECtHR judgments within the criminal process as a source of law. The paper formulates conclusions and recommendations that can provide a scientific basis for possible legislative changes. In this study, we identified the role of the European Court of Justice and the Council of Europe in ensuring the execution and applying of ECtHR judgments by national judicial authorities. The study also shows the active role of the judiciary in the process of implementing and enforcing the decisions of the European Court in the Republic of Moldova.
Serial Verb Construction in Abua
Authors: L. ThankGod , I.E. Ngulube
Published: May 2022

Serial verb construction (SVC) is a global phenomenon in the worlds’ languages; pidgins and creoles are no exception. Linguists working in the Benue-Congo family of languages attest to the fact that SVC is common in this family of languages. Different approaches have been adopted to account for it; experts are of the view that its origin, existence and productivity relate to the functional load of the inflectional categories of verbs or prepositions in specific languages. This paper examines the existence of SVC in the Abua language, and if it does, we intend to correct certain misconceptions and misrepresentations in the account for SVC. By way of methodology, we elicited data from our respondents, analyzed the data and identify SVC in the Abua language. We found out that SVC involves two principal verbs sharing one predication and one argument. At the same time, these main verbs share value for tense, aspect and represent a single event. This distinctive syntactic and semantic characteristic of SVC fosters serious theoretical challenges. This study evinces that characterizing SVC and making generalizations about its typology is indeed a difficult call to make. The evidence from our data suggests a number of properties that SVC language must have. Based on these underlying semantic and syntactic properties of SVC, we assert that the Abua language has SVC.
EATING HABITS AND BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS FROM DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PLOVDIV, BULGARIA
Authors:   Department of Nursing care, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Petrova Gergana , Merdzhanova Elena ,   Department of Nursing care, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Lalova Valentina ,   Department of Nursing care, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Angelova Penka ,   Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Boyadjiev Nikolay ,   Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The present study aims to analyze eating habits and behavior in adolescents from different ethnic groups in the Municipality of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with three different ethnic groups (Bulgarian, Turks, and Roma) in Plovdiv Region in Bulgaria. The study was conducted with a total of 185 middle or high school students. For the purposes of the study original semi-structured questionnaire was developed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics v. 26 software (IBM Corp. Released 2019. Armonk, USA). Results: More than half of the respondents eat breakfast in the morning, 107 (57.8%) sometimes eat breakfast, 52 (28.1%), and 26 (14.1%) never eat breakfast. Around 93% (50.3%) of children consume pasta daily, with the highest daily consumption among children of Turkish and Roma origin 21 (40.39%) Bulgarian boys and 14 (31.82%) Bulgarian girls consume pasta among Bulgarian children. More than half of the respondents, 105 (56.8%), consume fruits and vegetables daily. This trend persists among ethnic groups, but we have to note the fact that Roma boys at the age of 13 consume the least fresh fruits and vegetables compared to children from other ethnic groups. Conclusions: More than half of the adolescents surveyed eat breakfast in the morning; Pasta products are consumed daily by half of the respondents, with the highest daily consumption among children of Turkish and Roma origin; Fruits and vegetables are consumed daily by more than half of the respondents.
SERUM PEPSINOGEN I AND PEPSINOGEN II AS NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC ATROPHIC GASTRITIS
Authors:   Clinic of Internal Diseases, St. Marina University Hospital, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria., Gorcheva Zornica , Racheva Valeriya ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, St. Marina University Hospital, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria., Vasileva Mirela ,   Department of Imaging Diagnostic, St. Marina University Hospital, Medical University Pleven, Bulgaria.
Published: May 2022

Atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia of the gastric mucosa are major risk factors for the development of an intestinal type of gastric cancer. The selection of patients with such lesions could help with early detection and improve better the prognosis. Esophagogastroscopy is the "gold standard" in detecting gastric cancer and precancerous lesions of the stomach. However, this examination is invasive, expensive, and cannot serve as a screening method. Measurement of serum levels of pessinogen I and pessinogen II is used in high-risk populations in Europe and Asia as a non-invasive marker for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis. A serum pepsinogen I level ≤ 70ng/ml and pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio ≤ 3 are accepted in many countries as values that most accurately identify patients with advanced atrophic gastritis. On the other hand, the differences in the analytical methods used to determine the level of pepsinogens make the interpretation of results and diagnostic validation difficult.
COURT VOYAGE DANS LE MONDE DES NANOSCIENCES ET NANOTECHNOLOGIES : UN PROJET MULTILINGUE POUR LA TRADUCTION DE LA TERMINOLOGIE SCIENTIFIQUE
Authors:   Universitatea din Craiova, Roumanie, DINCĂ Daniela
Published: May 2022

Starting from the development of a multilingual project aiming at the publication of the popular science book Breve viaggio multilingue nel nanomondo. Con un glossario di nanoscienze e nanotecnologie in six languages (English, French, Italian, German, Russian and Romanian), this paper sets out to highlight the translator's approach and, at the same time, to question the classic debate between the two main types of translation approaches: semasiological and/or onomasiological. The conclusion that emerges is that these two approaches are complementary, ensuring a plural inter- and intra-lingual reading, as the translator has several paths of access to the world of nanosciences and nanotechnologies through routes that guarantee a journey that facilitates a good appropriation of this new terminology.
DISCOURS DES GUIDES TOURISTIQUES FRANÇAIS SUR LA ROUMANIE
Authors:   Universitatea din Craiova, Roumanie, RĂDULESCU Anda
Published: May 2022

Using a strategy for celebrating a country or a region, the guidebooks turn out to be one of the most important instruments in encouraging tourists to discover unusual places, cultures or gastronomies. Blending description, stories, explanation and argument, the discourse of the guidebooks is hybrid, insofar as it relates to descriptive, advertising, procedural, critical and didactic discourse. In our article we wanted to reveal how these different types of discourses are entangled in three French guidebooks on Romania and by what stylistic devices each of them attempts to enhance the tangible and intangible heritage of this country.
LA PLACE DE LA FEMME SYRIENNE DANS LES RÉCITS DE VOYAGE DU XIXe SIÈCLE
Authors:   ISIT, Universite de Paris III, France, AL-ZAUM Abdulmalek
Published: May 2022

The paper focuses on the role of the Middle-Eastern woman in 19th-century travel literature. Middle-Eastern women, particularly Syrian women, feature prominently in the travel writing of the period. For some travel writers, they gave rise to reverie, while for others, they embodied otherness and exoticism, fuelling the romantic aesthetic and sexual fantasies. Their role in travel literature is thus twofold: symbolic and ideological.
L’IMAGE DU MAROC DANS LE RÉCIT DE VOYAGE FRANÇAIS : CAS D’UNE AMBASSADE AU MAROC DE GABRIEL CHARMES (1887)
Authors:   Université Moulay Ismaïl, Meknès, Maroc, BENBELLA Bouchra
Published: May 2022

The paper aims to show how the image of the Other and Elsewhere in Une ambassade au Maroc, in addition to opposing two cultures, reveals the ideological foundations of the author who constructs this image. In his travel story, Charmes describes a culturally and politically decaying country. Thus, he does not only announce the end of Oriental exoticism in Morocco, but also suggests that it needs an urgent intervention of France in order to get out of its stereotypical and secular torpor and backwardness.
LE VOYAGE COMME PRÉTEXTE. L’ECRITURE VIATIQUE1 DANS UN ALLER SIMPLE DE DIDIER VAN CAUWELAERT
Authors:   University of New Hampshire, Etats-Unis, CHIRILĂ Ileana Daniela
Published: May 2022

Didier van Cauwelaert’s fictional travel writing is a pretext for poietics, rather than a metaphor for literature. This article focuses on his novel Un aller simple to show how, by employing intertextuality, metalanguage, and mise en abîme, the author succeeds in fictionalizing the very mechanism of writing. Moreover, this article shows how parody and diversion deconstruct the classic travelogue, revealing that all literature is fiction.
LA POÉTIQUE DE LA TOPOGRAPHIE DANS VESTIAIRE DE L’ENFANCE DE PATRICK MODIANO
Authors:   Université Mohammed Khider, DJOUADI Romaissa
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the poetic function of the topographical landscape based on recollection of memories. In exile, the character-narrator Jimmy Sarano tries, through a specific narrative technique, to reveal feelings and sensations deep in his memory. Spatiality, characterised by a more or less specific imprint, keeps the reader in a warp of thoughts and memories difficult to understand. Therefore, our study represents an in-depth analysis of the spatial representation of topography linked to the existential representation the characters.
GUSTAVE FLAUBERT: ÉCRIVAIN-VOYAGEUR OU VOYAGEUR-ÉCRIVAIN?
Authors:   Universitatea din Craiova, Roumanie, MANOLESCU Camelia
Published: May 2022

Gustave Flaubert, the nineteenth-century realist writer known for his unique way of writing his novels, for his impersonal and impassive techniques that highly featured at the time, was also tempted by the fashionable travel diary although for him travel nurtured his later literary creation and self-discovery, alongside his power of suggestion. Our study is intended, first, to review the term travel as a literary genre and the travel story as a variant of writing over the centuries, and then, to thoroughly analyse the status of the realistic writer Flaubert, perpetually balancing two trends: a writer-traveller and a traveller-writer.
AU CŒUR D’UNE VISITE GUIDÉE DE LAVENTILLE, BIDONVILLE POPULAIRE DE PORT OF SPAIN, POUR EXCURSIONNISTES INTRADIÉGÉTIQUES ET EXTRADIÉGÉTIQUES, DANS LE CHAPITRE UP TO THE HILL DE IS JUST A MOVIE ROMAN D’EARL LOVELACE
Authors:   Université des Antilles, pôle Martinique, MARIE-SAINTE Lina
Published: May 2022

The Chapter Up the Hill from Is Just a Movie by Earl Lovelace takes the reader to the popular slum of Laventille in Trinidad through a startling narrative. This article, through a narratological analysis, questions the realism of the narrative techniques in this chapter. The novelist uses processes of verisimilitude to infuse the initiatory logic and the unusual tourist attraction. True travellers do not seem to be concerned with the revelation of the initiatory quest. Who is this quest for? This article is part of a postcolonial approach to promote Caribbean culture, of which the novelist is one of the champions of authenticity in Trinidad.
LE CROQUIS, UN GENRE LITTÉRAIRE VIATIQUE DE L’ÈRE COLONIALE
Authors:   Université de Lorraine, France, MENGUE Melissa
Published: May 2022

Between 1914 and 1945 Africa attracted several travellers enthusiastic about colonial exoticism. Among the destinations on offer, the Belgian Congo, an unknown territory half a century earlier, became very popular, along with Algeria and Niger. Among the media texts extolling the beauty of this area is the literary sketch. This type of narrative, whose particular formal structure mediates a discourse that enshrines ordinary places as tourist attractions. Based on two samples, the Congolese sketches by Charles Bulls and the Moukanda anthology, we shall first discuss what a sketch is and the context in which it is produced. Next, we examine the particular importance of literary sketches in the colonial context. We shall finally see how the literary discourse generates tourist ”places”.
VOYAGES DE MICHEL LEIRIS
Authors:   Sorbonne Université, France, TUFFÉRY Jean
Published: May 2022

Our paper aims at understanding how travelling shaped Michel Leiris’ life and work. For Leiris, travelling is first a therapeutic escape, which enables him to overcome hardships by breaking away from his environment. Dissatisfied with his nature of his travels, he searches for another way to travel by taking up ethnography, expecting that it will provide him with an opportunity to establish an authentic contact with others. Disillusioned by an ethnographic mission in Africa, he comes to realise that true contact can only be achieved through a common fight against colonialism. Chagrined by his numerous travels, he finally commits to a one-way journey by attempting to commit suicide.
DEUX PARODIES DE DISCOURS TOURISTIQUE : PAMUKALIE (2003) D’EUGENE MEILTZ ET MOLVANÎA (2003) DE SANTO CILAURO, TOM GLEISNER ET ROB SITCH
Authors:   Université Paris-Est, UPEC – F 94110, France, VUILLEMIN Alain
Published: May 2022

Pamukalie, pays fabuleux by Eugène Meiltz and Christian Denisart, published in France in 2003 and Molvanîa by Santo Cilauro, Tom Gleisner and Rob Sitch, also published in 2003, but in Australia, and translated into French, in 2006, with a unusual title: La Molvanie. Le pays que s’il n’existait pas, faudrait l’inventer (« The country that if it did not exist, would have to be invented »), are parodies of guides designed to give information to tourists in order to discover places likely to be visited. But these countries, Pamukalia in the Middle East and Molvanîa in central Europe do not exist. In this perspective, rather, they are novels that renew the notion of "utopia", of a place that is absent, idealized or, on the contrary, disparaged. What exactly is it? Where do these parodies, as attractive as disturbing, lead their readers?
DE LA TRACE INTERTEXTUELLE À LA FIGURATION POLITIQUE DANS JE VOIS DU SOLEIL DANS TES YEUX DE NATHALIE ETOKE
Authors:   Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun, EYENGA ONANA Pierre-Suzanne
Published: May 2022

The paper examines the implicit in the feminist literary imagination through novel Je vois du soleil dans tes yeux by Nathalie Etoke. Based on the combination of Pierre Barbéris' intertextual analysis and socio-criticism, the study shows, in three parts, how an aesthetics of socio-political subversion unfolds, aiming to overthrow an obsolete political order in a fictitious African republic, Koumkana, by means of intertextual strategies and other techniques of camouflage. It is therefore not simply a matter of seeing such a scriptural dynamic as the mere presence of a text within a text. This explains why the study concludes that Etoke's novel offers itself as a mode of production and existence that is comprehensible in that it transforms the meaning of texts that precede it in order to convey the writer's worldview: living well together for the good of all.
LA COHÉSION SOCIALE ET LES MODALITÉS SÉMIOTIQUES DU VIVRE
Authors:   Université Norbert Zongo, Burkina Faso, OUÉDRAOGO Mahamadou Lamine
Published: May 2022

The current paper discusses the controversial nature of the semiotic status of tolerance, peace and living together. Considered, according to the political reading, as states of affairs, it turns out in the light of the discourse semiotics that they are rather states of mind. Under the circumstances, the semiotic path to be built for peace calls for a semiotics of passions. Such a reading recalls the place of passions in search of a meaning, and calls into question the inadequacy of action to build a world of peace where living is shared. In addition, the semiosphere makes it possible to delimit the anthropogenic areas required for social cohesion. It is a question of living in harmony with the others by sharing with them a sphere, in respect of what individualizes them. Since tension is omnipresent in social interactions, we propose the development of a discursive strategy to best manage them: social intelligence.
THE NEED TO INTRODUCE A NEW SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN BY THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Authors:   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Abenova Bibigul S. , Abenov Daulet K. ,   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University
Published: May 2022

The paper reviews the attitude of the Russian Empire to the management of the Kazakh steppe and the execution of the "Provisional Decree on the Governance of Steppe Regions" on the territory of the Orenburg region in 1868. Based on objective analysis and the use of archival materials, the need of the Kazakh steppe in new governance and the colonial essence of administrative reforms were identified. To study the matter in hand, historical sources from the State Archives of the Orenburg Region of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used. Through administrative reforms, the tsar of the Russian Empire decided to forcibly colonise the Kazakh lands. Through reforms, the tsarist government took measures that served as the basis for a predatory, colonial agrarian policy. The interests of local residents were not taken into account; moreover, the colonists intended to seize fertile lands and water resources, and push local residents into the desert, arid territory, giving their lands to Russian settlers and the Cossack army. It was an unreasonable policy that led to the destruction of the traditional way of using the pasture meadows, the free movement of Kazakhs to winter and summer meadows, which disrupted the nomadic lifestyle. The need for colonial development of the eastern territories, the importance of the Orenburg region for the implementation of political, strategic, tactical goals by the tsarist government, and the profit received from the colonisation of the Kazakh lands, all this required the Russian government to develop and strengthen the administrative system in Kazakhstan. The findings of the historical analysis indicated that the final consolidation of tsarism in the steppe helped to form a network of power relations at the local level with the help of military and administrative institutions, which, through powerful state structures, allowed Russian capital to redistribute income to the empire. In turn, the expanded capillary network of stable power relations at the local level allowed the administrative apparatus to extend the imperial legislation to the territory of Kazakhstan. The tsarist government concentrated administrative power in its hands, finally pushing the Kazakh people out of political power. As a result, the Kazakhs, like their neighbours, became victims of the colonial policy of the Russian Empire.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, STRATA AND UNITY OF MEANING: THE HERMENEUTIC MENTALITY OF ROMAN INGARDEN
Authors:   Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid (SPAIN), Sánchez-Palencia Carmen Romero , Díaz Vicente Lozano ,   Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid (SPAIN)
Published: May 2022

"We live in a world in which visiting a museum, listening to music or reading a book has become commonplace. Long gone are the times when only a minority was able to read or attend great concerts. We have become accustomed to move in an environment where contact with artistic creations is easy and accessible. However, if we pause to reflect or question the true meaning of art and its intrinsic nature, many would be surprised to find themselves without a clear or concise answer. It may be that if we were truly aware of art’s role we would dedicate more time to contemplate and enjoy the artistic works available to us. The question of defining, delimiting or framing the notion of the “artistic” is not a trivial one. Engaging with art brings us into contact with the sublime, with that which we most need but fail to recognise or understand. However, rapid technical or technological access to works of art does not necessarily translate into a proportional interest in art. Many look forward to their retirement to begin enjoying the pleasures of art while others frequent artistic or cultural milieux merely in order to project an image of sophistication to others, rather than out of any real personal interest; still others simply believe that art is not for them because they are too busy in their daily lives and have no interest in investing time and money in something that requires quietude and repose. Some regard art in purely decorative terms: books, artwork or records are adornments to make walls and shelves more attractive and appealing. Here art is exclusively ornamental. Within this final group are those who take a real interest in these theoretical and practical questions, themselves creators or not, who look to art simply for that which is lacking or can profoundly nourish their own lives. But what is art? What does it consist of? The question of art is a philosophical and anthropological question. To understand art one must look beyond the merely apparent, the concrete, through a phenomenological approach where what matters is the relation we establish with what confronts us as a subject. To understand the truth of an artistic composition, if it is truly artistic, is to understand ourselves. In this vein, we will analyse the work of the Polish thinker Roman Ingarden and his specific notion of the literary work of art as the foundation of modern aesthetics. We will thus pursue an understanding of artistic creation by exploring its essence, its ontology and epistemology within literary theory."
IDENTITY TRANSFORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN DONBAS: FROM THE “WILD FIELD” TO RUSSIAN OCCUPATION
Authors:   The Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Ukraine, Masnenko Vitalij , Telvak Vitalij ,   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Bohdan Yanyshyn ,   Institute of die History of Ukraine of die National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Telvak Viktoria ,   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University,  Ukraine
Published: May 2022

"The population of the Ukrainian Donbas before the beginning of Russian war aggression had a particular regional identity that, apart from boundary characteristics, has a significant “Soviet” component. Russian aggression has led to the mass exodus of at least 1.5 million citizens with a dominant Ukrainian identity to Ukrainian-controlled territory. At the same time, the Ukrainian mnemonic space is being completely cleansed in the temporarily occupied territories. The Russian model of historical memory bizarrely combines imperial, Soviet, and occupation components. Today, the identity of the sub-occupation population is undergoing a significant transformation, which creates an increasing distance from other Ukrainian citizens, even in the liberated territories of Donbas. However, the hybrid nature of this identity makes it ambivalent, unstable. Moreover, in a state of crisis, the population has suffered several waves of cultural trauma. Divided political loyalties are maintained and strengthened. The article has analysed the functioning of historical consciousness as a key identity marker of different groups, both before the occupation of these territories and today."
THE HISTORIC FOOTPRINT OF THE LAW IN LEGAL SYSTEMS: FROM ITS EDUCATIONAL VALUE TO SOCIAL ENGINEERING - SOME EXAMPLES
Authors:   Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid (SPAIN), Faná del Valle Villar Amalia
Published: May 2022

“The people must fight for its law as for its (city) walls”. These are the words of Heraclitus who, in the 5th century BC, was already perfectly aware of the immense influence that the law has on shaping the identity of the people. Because not only do laws have an effect on institutions, but indeed they also transform the minds and even the hearts of individuals. In this article, we will try to understand what the law is and what its purpose is. We will ask ourselves if it is legitimate, and if it is possible, to leave the educational value of the law aside in order to use it as a tool for social change. This is why we must resort to the concept of law throughout history in order to understand its value and its virtuosity.
A Study on Thai Student-Teachers’ Online Learning Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Supakesorn Bongkotkorn , Asawaniwed Pongthorn , Polyiem Titiworada
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic causing severe and lethal conditions by means of contact or airborne transmission has significantly altered our normal way of life. Having regular face-to-face contacts poses a great risk even with precaution measures taken resulting in a drastic change in the realm of learning and teaching from onsite to online. Studying online has been seen as problematic and received negative feedbacks, especially in the aspects of the comprehensibility of lessons and unusual learning atmospheres. This negativity contributes to the changes in students’ behaviors which, as a result, significantly affects the learning outcome and academic achievements. This study, then, aims to investigate Thai student-teachers’ online learning behaviors during the pandemic and to study the relationship between Thai student-teachers’ online learning behaviors and learning achievement during the pandemic. The 118 participants, selected by the purposive sampling method, were student teachers enrolling in the Learning and Instruction course in the first semester of the 2020 academic year when the transition from onsite to online learning started. The instruments were the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) adopted from Weinstein and Palmer (2002) and a learning achievement test. The statistics used in the data analysis were percentage, mean score, standard deviation, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were (1) 10 strategic learning behaviors were found to be used by student-teachers in Thailand in online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak and (2) the behaviors of information processing, motivation, concentration, and self-testing were correlated with learning achievement. The results could be implemented to develop teacher education processes and academic works in the related field.
Antipyretic Effect of Sophora Flavescens (Kushen) Decoction on Dry Yeast-Induced Fever in Rats
Authors: a Eerdunchaolu , Fu Minghai , Cho Sungbo
Published: May 2022

Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.53043/2347-3894.acam90033 © Asian Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 202243 Antipyretic Effect of Sophora Flavescens (Kushen) Decoction on Dry Yeast-Induced Fever in Rats Eerdunchaolu1,2 ,Minghai Fu1,2 and Sungbo Cho2 * 1 NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China 2 School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China Asian Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Volume 10 Issue 02 Published on: 21/04/2022 *Author for Correspondence: Sungbo Cho, School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China, E-mail: blue0555@hotmail.com Cite this article as: Eerdunchaolu, Fu M, Cho S. Antipyretic Effect of Sophora Flavescens (Kushen) Decoction on Dry Yeast-Induced Fever in Rats. Asian Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 10(2), 43-49:2022. AbStRACt Objective: The current study investigated the effect of Sophora flavescens, known as Kushen decoction (KSD) on body temperature and metabolism against fever induction in Wistar rats. Methods: Firstly UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE analysis was carried out for identifying the KSD composition. Fever model was induced by dry yeast and, orally administered at dose of KSD (500 mg/kg) to the rats. The alteration of the rectal temperature (TR) was estimated to evaluate the positive effect of KSD. TR changes were recorded over time. In addition, the antipyretic effect was confirmed from the hypothalamus of rats through real-time PCR. Results: The model and treatment groups showed significantly increased TR and the mRNA expression of IL-1 and IL-6 after 5 hours, even though the expression level of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and TNF-alpha were not altered. The TR tests indicated the administration of KSD to fevered rats attenuated yeast-induced fever and, significantly reduced PGE2 expression levels in hypothalamus. The mRNA expression results reveal that dry yeast-induced fever could be mediated by PGE2 production. Conclusions: KSD could play the antipyretic effect by reducing PGE2 expression in the hypothalamus. Subsequently, KSD inhibited the development of yeast-induced fever. Keywords: Sophora flavescens decoction; Antipyretic effect; PGE2; Chemical composition
曾樸《孽海花》中的傅彩雲人物敘事研究
Authors: 林采萱 林采萱
Published: May 2022

晚清中國知識分子奮力改革，但本著因循守舊的天性而無法扭轉局勢。曾樸以「傅彩雲」作為全書線索，旁寫官僚朝廷、知識分子、僕從、妓女等軼聞瑣事，以情慾和政治互動交織成晚清複雜的人物關係網，以穿珠及花序的結構貫串全書，形成一部政治歷史小說。此外，作者著重人的精神存在和內心生活，探索藏在生活深處支配著人們外在行為的人性內涵，如同郁達夫所言：「把小說的動作從稠人廣眾的街巷間轉移到心理去，這意味著『近代小說的真正開始』。」，傅彩雲打破傳統觀念束縛，迎來近代新女性的塑造，無非是作者為我們從「心理化」建構新的精神世界，帶來歷史變革到思想內涵的根本性變革，使晚清三十年的「文化的推移」和「政治的變動」收入毫筆。

 
白萩詩的社會寫實關懷――從《天空象徵》到《觀測意象》
Authors: 廖育徵 廖育徵
Published: May 2022

綜觀白萩詩的研究，普遍多停留在探討白萩的文字及形式，舉凡文字的創新、打破語言形式的框架等。也有部分學者提及現代主義對白萩的影響，比如從其早期作品〈羅盤〉便以浪漫主義來解釋；〈流浪者〉則用形式主義來分析，甚至還有新即物主義、存在主義等等。可是，學界對於白萩詩背後的精神探討甚少，尤其是《風的薔薇》之後的作品。基本上，從《天空象徵》一書開始一直到《觀測意象》，中間橫跨約莫20多年，白萩的詩已漸漸轉向關懷社會、人民，以批判社會現象為主要核心。故本論文遂以白萩第三本詩集《天空象徵》談起，一路到封筆之作《觀測意象》，並從社會寫實、關懷的角度入手，藉此剖析白萩文本背後的精神及用意。

 
金門戰地圖畫書研究
Authors: 呂郁馨 呂郁馨
Published: May 2022

在兒童文學的範疇之中，可取材的材料包羅萬象，讀者可以接收到許多不同主題題材的資訊，又加上現今地方文學研究風氣頗盛，地方文學研究的崛起也使地方文化躍上文學舞台，而本文基於金門之戰地文化與特色，將以《坑坑洞洞》、《阿金的菜刀》、《雄獅堡最後的衛兵》、《我要獻上一朵花-爺爺和我的金門戰地之旅》、《禁區》等書做為研究底本，將金門戰地的區域特色做為切入點，去探討金門戰地圖畫書中的書寫手法與圖像表達。其重點分列如下：1.文字的敘事探究：以（1）淺顯的語言、（2）意象的語言分別論之；2.圖像表現分析：以（1）圖像與文字的互動、（2）造形與角色的塑造、（3）色彩的傳達分別論之。期望此研究能對兒童讀物與地方文學研究提供微薄貢獻。

 
《水滸傳》中林沖的悲劇形象分析與再認識
Authors: 陳力安 陳力安
Published: May 2022

《水滸傳》中刻畫出許多性格鮮明的人物，成功塑造了一批行俠仗義、除暴安良的英雄人物。本文從《水滸傳》中分析林沖所具有之悲劇性，再進而分析其所呈現的性格形象與內在面貌，發現林沖有著多變的形象，在經歷了「風雪山神廟」事件後，林沖更是展現出了精明狠毒、令人懼怕的一面。相較於其他《水滸傳》的人物，林沖絕對是梁山泊的一百零八人中最為具有鮮明性格成長史的角色。在透過本文的研究後，筆者對於林沖的「悲劇英雄」形象有了新的認識，同時也對於林沖的性格有了更深入的了解，發現林沖除了有被大眾所熟知的「隱忍」的一面外，也有「軟弱」、「自私」的一面，作者施耐庵透過情節發展與細節描寫，將林沖形象塑造得真實立體，豐滿生動。

 
先秦至魏晉時期之狐狸信仰探悉
Authors: 鄭義薷 鄭義薷
Published: May 2022

狐狸在中國，作為一個信仰家族，其發展的時期很早，一開始是西王母身旁的使者，後能夠化人，在人與人之間周旋。有這樣的轉變可追朔到其信仰的轉變經過，並分析出其中的意涵，雖然狐狸不在中國的神仙的名冊當中，但其多變的形象，在中國千年的文化歷程當中，有著深厚的信仰發展。從圖騰的崇拜，到具體的動物信仰，發展至祥瑞的象徵，這是狐狸信仰在先秦時代到魏晉時期的發展，漢朝時期的讖緯思想強化了狐狸信仰的力度，使其提升到了象徵天降福祉的意象，被朝廷所利用來表示自身正統的統治地位，原本在民間就有的狐狸信仰，搬到了政治層面上，轉化成了民眾的主流意識，後能與天相接，為吉祥的象徵，同時也為祥瑞之證。

 
Modul Training of Facilitator (ToF) Program HIV dan IMS Komprehensif dalam Situasi Krisis Kesehatan dan Kebencanaan di Tingkat Komunitas
Authors:   Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Harjana Ngakan Putu Anom , Mukuan Oldri Sherli ,   UNFPA Indonesia, Widihastuti Asti ,   UNFPA Indonesia, Sebayang Meirinda ,   Jaringan Indonesia Positif, Nita Sally ,   Jaringan Indonesia Positif, Abdurrakhman Iman ,   Jaringan Indonesia Positif, Kowara Mellysa ,   Center for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Satiawati K. I Desak Ketut Dewi ,   Center for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Pradnyani Putu Erma ,   Center for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
Published: May 2022

Modul Training of Facilitator (ToF) Program HIV dan IMS Komprehensif dalam Situasi Krisis Kesehatan dan Kebencanaan di Tingkat Komunitas berisi serangkaian teknik komunikasi berkaitan dengan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan HIV dan IMS di situasi krisis kesehatan, khususnya berbasiskan komunitas.
Challenges for Education in Bulgaria through the Prism of the Labor Market in the Context of the Influence of the Epidemiological Situation Related to COVID-19]
Authors: Stoyanova Dobrinka , Madzhurova Blaga , Raychev Stefan
Published: May 2022

The main problems discussed in this article are related to the study of the effects of the epidemiological situation imposed due to the spread of the coronavirus epidemic on education in Bulgaria through the prism of the labour market. The dynamics of the labour market have been empirically studied and the results show that the crisis with COVID 19 has an impact both economically and socially and at the sectoral level, where a number of structural problems and challenges to public policies and the education system come to the fore. Many sectors have failed to recover, and in combination with quarantine measures and digitalisation as a means of maintaining activity, this requires a rethinking of work, knowledge and skills. The education system could provide the necessary knowledge and skills to the workforce, so that in the future the digitalisation and flexibility of production and trade in goods and services could become a key factor in dealing with such external shocks.
Preparation of Primary School Teachers for Communicative and Rhetorical Activity in School in the Context of their Practical Training
Authors: Bilavych Halyna , Bakhmat Nataliia , Savchuk Borys , Pantyuk Mykola , Pantyuk Tetyana
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the analysis of the state of the primary school teachers’ preparation for communicative-rhetorical activity at school, diagnostics of formation of communicative-rhetorical skills of future teachers. The theorists and practitioners give an important place to rhetoric as a science and an academic subject in the training teachers of the new generation. It is the communicative and rhetorical skills as an important component of the general and professional culture of the teacher that will help the primary school educator to organize the pedagogical process effectively, build convincing communication with children, their parents, colleagues, officials etc. However, in the theory and practice of pedagogical education and science the phenomenon of communicative-rhetorical competence as the most important component of the teacher's professional profile is not realized, its structure is not distinguished, psychological and pedagogical bases and, technology of its formation for students are not clearly defined, the world’s experience of rhetorical personality formation is studied. This was confirmed by the results of a survey conducted among undergraduate students, graduates of pedagogical faculties of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Kamyanets-Podilsky Ivan Ogienko National University, Drohobych State Pedagogical University of Ivan Franko, students of postgraduate pedagogical education Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytsky, Lviv regions. Thus, most respondents consider their level of communication and rhetorical skills to be insufficient. More than 70% are afraid of the audience; 84% do not know how to speak “without paperˮ. All respondents, including teachers, regardless of work experience, called the main reason for the ineffectiveness of pedagogical communication the fact that during professional training they did not have well-formed communication and rhetorical skills. The obtained results convincingly prove the need for their purposeful formation in future primary school teachers. Optimal construction and implementation of the educational process for the formation of students’ communicative and rhetorical skills is possible with a technological approach, the essence of which is to modernize the didactic system based on the study of its components and experimental verification of its effectiveness, as well as the introduction of in general, the rhetoric of the initial process in the pedagogical institution.
Attitudes, Expectations and Interests among Students for Education and Career Development in the Sphere of Social Pedagogy
Authors: Ranev Aleksandar , Kostov Krasimir
Published: May 2022

The article reflects the results of a survey among students majoring in Social Pedagogy at Sofia University. The research was conducted through a focus group and a survey and aims to establish the general attitudes for continuing education and career development in the social pedagogy field. The analysis of the results allows to outline guidelines for improving the quality of education and optimizing the curriculum in master's programs in this specialty in order to attract more students and meet the need for qualified and motivated staff working in the social pedagogy sphere.
impact of OSCE test workshop on reducing anxiety in anesthesia and operating room students
Authors: Ghiasi Fatemeh , Bastami Maryam , Azadi Hamed , Kheiri Maryam , Kheiri Amin , Sharifi Nasibeh , Mohammadi Abdullah Noor , Abbasian Sadegh
Published: May 2022

Background: Objective Structural clinical evaluation (OSCE) is newly emerging evaluation methods that has been used in recent years in the medical and paramedical fields. However, one of its disadvantages is that it causes anxiety, which, in turn, reduces the effectiveness of the test. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the OSCE test familiarity workshop effectiveness on test anxiety in anesthesia students and operating room of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: This research was of quasi-experimental study nature performed on 72 students who were studying anesthesia and operating room. In doing so, the students in each class were randomly assigned into control and intervention groups. Then, a workshop was held one hour before the test to familiarize students with OSCE stations, how to ask questions and how to answer students in the intervention group. Then, the Spielberger questionnaire was also completed. Besides, data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 statistical software (Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The highest frequency (52.77%) was related to anesthesia participants, of whom 58.33% were girls. The mean score of anxiety before the intervention was 48.15 7 7.15 which decreased to 30.80 98 6.98 after the intervention (P <0.042).
Migrantes bolivianos en barrios populares de la ciudad de Salta, Argentina
Authors: Ulivarri Paula K. , Clark Amelia
Published: May 2022

Este artículo refleja el proceso de inmersión inicial de la investigaciónMigración y prácticas territoriales de la comunidad bolivianaen la ciudad de Salta, Argentina: la situación de los migrantes en losbarrios populares.Dicha investigación pertenece a un programa más amplio, denominadoPrograma Migraciones y Gobernabilidad, en el cual participan las carrerasde Psicología, Arquitectura y Relaciones Internacionales, de laUniversidad Católica de Salta, Argentina. El equipo de investigadorasse propone articular la información producida por las diferentes áreasinvolucradas, a partir de una mirada interdisciplinaria, con el fin de facilitarel acceso a insumos que sustenten la formulación de políticas yprogramas que atiendan los retos y oportunidades del fenómeno de lasmigraciones.