bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 y fisiopatología de la diabetes
Authors: Luján D. , Guatibonza-García V. , Pérez-Londoño A. , Mendivil C. O.
Published: August 2021

La COVID-19, causada por la infección con el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, es la pandemia actual sobre la que conocemos poco desde el punto de vista biológico y patológico, y cuyo pronóstico es ensombrecido por la presencia concomitante de diabetes mellitus (DM). Motivados por esto, realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica para analizar la información disponible acerca de la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad en personas con DM. Encontramos que las personas con DM presentan alteraciones en la quimiotaxis de neutrófilos, la producción de citocinas proinflamatorias, la fagocitosis y la activación de linfocitos T, que en conjunto disminuyen la capacidad de respuesta contra cualquier patógeno, incluido el SARS-CoV-2. A ello se suma que los productos avanzados de glicosilación alteran la afinidad y la capacidad opsonizante de los anticuerpos. En cuanto al grupo de virus con tropismo por vías respiratorias, la hiperglucemia favorece su proliferación a nivel tisular. El virus SARS-CoV-2 entra a las células gracias a la proteína S (Spike), que se utiliza como receptor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina tipo 2 (ECA-2), una glucoproteína transmembrana que se expresa no solo en el epitelio respiratorio, sino también en el miocardio y los islotes pancreáticos. La hiperglucemia aumenta la expresión de ECA-2 en la membrana celular, lo que potencializa el riesgo de infección en el caso en que la célula entre en contacto con el virus. Además, las células de personas con DM expresan niveles aumentados de la proteasa furina, que cliva la proteína S y permite el ingreso del virus a las células. Esto facilita la diseminación de la infección y el cuadro más grave que se observa en la clínica. Existe también evidencia de expresión aumentada de ECA-2 en personas con diabetes mellitus que reciben tratamiento con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina o antagonistas del receptor tipo 1 de angiotensina II. Así, en el paciente con DM, se conjugan una mayor predisposición al contagio con una inmunidad humoral y celular desregulada en una combinación destructiva que desemboca en una COVID-19 más grave y letal.
Riesgo del uso de dosis altas de vitamina D en ancianos. Una revisión a propósito de la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Rosero-Olarte O.
Published: August 2021

En los últimos años la vitamina D ha sido considerada una panacea y cura de varias enfermedades, aunque el número de estudios de intervención bien realizados es escaso e incluso contradictorio. En el momento actual de la pandemia por COVID-19, se han levantado algunas voces para recomendar las dosis altas de vitamina D para el control y el tratamiento de las infecciones. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar información sobre los riesgos potenciales y los eventos adversos de las dosis altas de vitamina D. A la luz de la evidencia actual, es esencial mantener los niveles de vitamina D dentro de los rangos normales. Generalmente se acepta que los valores entre 30 y 40 ng/mL son suficientes para la mayoría de la población adulta mayor, en quienes la afección por COVID-19 es más severa.
De (ontwikkeling van de) reikwijdte van de inlichtingenplicht in de bijstand
Authors: Kieviet Chera , de Wit Joke
Published: August 2021

De (ontwikkeling van de) reikwijdte van de inlichtingenplicht in de bijstand

In dit artikel bespreken wij de totstandkoming en ontwikkeling van de reikwijdte van de inlichtingenplicht van de eerste bijstandswet tot heden. Naast de beschrijving van het onderzoek naar de bedoeling en de rol van de wetgever en de rol van de rechter bij de ontwikkeling van de inlichtingenplicht wordt ook kort stilgestaan bij de rol van het bestuur en in het bijzonder van toezichthouders en handhavers bij deze ontwikkeling. Aan het slot van deze bijdrage verwijzen wij nog beknopt naar de recente gebeurtenissen omtrent de toeslagenaffaire en de mogelijke gevolgen daarvan voor de reikwijdte van de inlichtingenplicht.
Toezicht in het sociaal domein, door samenwerken bereik je meer
Authors: Verdonk Nelleke , Yuksekyildiz Muzaffer , van Gent Gerrie
Published: August 2021

Toezicht in het sociaal domein, door samenwerken bereik je meer

Het toezicht in het sociaal domein is verdeeld over meerdere toezichthouders, die allemaal op een andere manier georganiseerd zijn (op lokaal, regionaal of rijksniveau). Goed toezicht houden, waarbij de zorg- en ondersteuningsbehoefte van de inwoner centraal staat, vraagt van deze toezichthouders dat ze samenwerken. In dit artikel worden twee voorbeelden gegeven van de wijze waarop die samenwerking tot stand kan komen. Met daarbij een overzicht wat de samenwerking oplevert en welke inspanning het kost om het voor elkaar te krijgen. Het artikel eindigt met enkele wensen en hartenkreten van de auteurs.
Integraal handhaven als goudmijn
Authors: Meester Evelien
Published: August 2021

Integraal handhaven als goudmijn

De goudmijn die handhaving kan zijn, is binnen het sociaal domein nog redelijk onontgonnen. Het is opvallend hoe goed handhavers hun vak verstaan, maar het vakgebied als geheel heeft nog wel groeipotentie. Het accent ligt meestal op het terughalen van onterecht verstrekte uitkeringen of voorzieningen. Maar daar is niet de grote winst te halen. Wat kunnen handhavers binnen het sociaal domein van elkaar leren en hoe kan handhaving zich verder ontwikkelen tot een echte goudmijn? Goudmijn? Jazeker, en niet alleen in financiële zin. Er is meer te winnen met handhaving, onder meer een schat aan informatie die de organisatie naar een hoger niveau kan tillen.
Maatwerk, de keukentafel, toezicht en vertrouwen
Authors: Vermaat Matthijs
Published: August 2021

Maatwerk, de keukentafel, toezicht en vertrouwen

Het persoonsgebonden budget (pgb) is een middel om tot maatwerk in het individuele geval te komen maar ook gevoelig voor ongewenst gebruik. De gemeentelijke vrees voor ‘oneigenlijk gebruik’ kan er ook toe leiden dat de gemeente op haar beurt oneigenlijk gebruik maakt van de mogelijkheden van de controle vooraf. Bijvoorbeeld door te verbieden dat het budget op een bepaalde manier wordt besteed. Kan dat en is het wenselijk? Zijn er ook nog andere manieren om ongewenst gebruik te beperken? Belangrijk is dat beide partijen met open vizier met elkaar moeten spreken. Dat geldt voor de cliënt maar ook voor de gemeente.
In gesprek met Paulien de Winter
Authors: Merz Anna , Mein Arnt
Published: August 2021

In gesprek met Paulien de Winter

In de nieuwe serie ‘in gesprek met een pas gepromoveerde onderzoeker’ geven wij aandacht aan promotieonderzoeken die voor toezichthouders relevant zijn. Hiervoor interviewen wij als redactie van het Tijdschrift voor Toezicht (recent) gepromoveerde onderzoekers over hun onderzoek en de betekenis ervan voor het toezicht.

Voor het eerste interview spraken Arnt Mein en Anna Merz, redacteuren van het Tijdschrift voor Toezicht, met Paulien de Winter over haar proefschrift ‘Tussen de regels. Een rechtssociologische studie naar handhaving in de sociale zekerheid’. Paulien is in 2019 gepromoveerd aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Multidimensional Poverty in Nigeria: Evidence From Oto/Ijanikin, Lagos State
Authors: Akinyetun Tope Shola , Alausa Jamiu Abiodun , Odeyemi Dare Deji , Ahoton Aihonsu Samuel
Published: August 2021

Poverty in Nigeria is endemic and continues to deepen even amid economic growth. We found that, beyond income, Nigeria is faced with multidimensional poverty that involves healthcare, education, and living standards, with several indicators. Recently dubbed the poverty capital of the world, Nigeria faces an enormous challenge in combating multidimensional poverty. Our study, which was theoretically analyzed using social exclusion theory, adopts both qualitative and quantitative approaches to examine the extent of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria, with particular attention on Oto/Ijanikin, which is a semiurban suburb of Lagos State. Primary data were gathered from the study area, while secondary data were sourced on the prevalence of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria. Focusing on indicators such as healthcare, electricity, education, clean water, and housing, we conclude that multidimensional poverty is indeed widespread in Nigeria and, thus, we recommend social inclusion as the solution.
The implantation of a leadless pacemaker and a pulmonary vein isolation in patient with bilateral lymphedema in the upper limbs
Authors: Grabowski Marcin , Michalak Marcin , Zawadzki Jakub , Balsam Paweł , Lodziński Piotr , Opolski Grzegorz
Published: August 2021

A 63-year-old woman with symptomatic tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome was admitted to the clinic for implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Due to the bilateral mastectomy with lymphadenectomy and upper limb swelling it was decided to use leadless pacemaker with femoral vein access.
A call for standardized national guidelines on QT/QTc monitoring in Canada
Authors: Hutton Kathleen , Hutton Darlene
Published: August 2021

Background: With QT-prolonging drugs being trialed for the treatment of COVID-19, national health associations allude to the importance of proficient QT interval assessment. However, in Canada there is no policy in place that clearly identifies a single method for routine QT monitoring. Aim: To demonstrate the need for a clear Canadian guideline for the measurement of the QT/QTc interval and to advocate for a standardized approach to education. Methods: This paper uses a medical anthropological approach to scale this practice gap from the individual provider to the institutions that govern practice and education. Nurses and emergency medical personnel from hospitals across Canada were polled with questionnaires on their confidence and knowledge of assessing the QT/QTc interval. We seek to identify causes for the widespread lack of confidence that goes beyond the context of nursing and is interdisciplinary in nature. Findings: Of the 292 participants who were polled, roughly 75% report measuring the QT interval. However, more than 50% of participants are not confident in their measurement. Although critical care nurses report the highest levels of confidence, the rate of correct answers amongst the whole of participants on knowledge-based questions is shockingly low (only nine percent attempted to provide a value for the QTc; 34% of those who were unsure of the normal QTc say they were not taught). Ninety percent of participants report they do not analyze the QTc, with critical care nurses accounting for 34% of participants. Conclusion: The lack of consensus on a QTc formula and the absence of clear guidelines on this well-documented issue exacerbate the continued gap in practice observed in our findings. We urge leading organizations to create a national guideline that supports a standardized approach to QT/QTc measurement that can be taught to and used by not only critical care nurses, but everyone in healthcare who provides cardiac monitoring.
Determining the Trade-offs of Inventory Management Approaches in the Face of Covid-19
Authors: Gružauskas Valentas , Burinskienė Aurelija
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has left a clear mark on virtually every area of human activity. Arguably, most prominent changes may be observed in the global supply chain where the delivery times have changed, and even minor outbreaks of the pandemic pose ever-increasing risks in logistics, supply, and infrastructure. The authors of the scientific study analyze supply chain management approaches and deal with the key aspects which are most suitable to tackle the COVID-19 crisis. This study identifies which area caused by the pandemic has been most problematic and proposes strategies and methods to help companies properly manage their stockpiles. Another important aspect of this scientific study is that the analysis of inventory management methods in a critical environment is performed by developing an agent-based model. Thus, the data from this study are completely new and allow a closer look and understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the supply and stockpiling/storage issues. In this research, the authors focus on the supplier relationship and inventory level management. Here, they examine several different business scenarios, such as: central vs. distributed warehouses, local vs. global suppliers, etc. Due to the wide range of information, this book should attract not only those who are profoundly interested in the field but also inquisitive newcomers with an interest in the trade and product supply policy.
From Artwork to Advertisement
Authors: Celik Nokta ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

From artists like Michelangelo to Andy Warhol, art has played an interesting role in conveying messages to society. Worldwide increase in media consumption and increasing time spent on the Internet make art previously concerning niche audiences more widespread. In December 2019, Art Basel, one of the most important art platforms in the world, came to such attention with artwork exhibited in one of its galleries. When Maurizio Cattelan's work titled “Comedian”, which consisted of a banana affixed to a wall with duct tape, was sold for $150,000, it came to the limelight through the media. It was then transformed into a simulation with the interest of marketers and communicators and took its place among real-time marketing examples. In this study, Cattelan's “Comedian” is analyzed in terms of similarly prepared and published Turkish social media advertisements inspired by the artwork. It was seen that simulations most associated with the artwork in terms of visual and meaning had most online interaction and even won awards. Jean Baudrillard’s perspective that a vast process of simulation is taking place over the span of daily life, similar in style to ‘simulation models’ through which operational and cybernetic sciences work, is discussed in this context. The evidence from this study suggests that ‘banana copycats’ are creating by combining features or elements of reality.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Media
Authors: Inutsuka Junichiro ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the reality of the world, revealing the contradictions within society that we have pretended not to see. Although measures are urgent, it is also clear that we must reconsider the meaning and form of this new society in its essence. A remarkable aspect has been the rapid digitalization of various sectors of society. We are already aware that information technology is not merely a means for, but also a representation of the changes in the structure of society as well as in humanity. What we should demand is not only a means for digitalization but also a meaning and direction for it, and to ensure that a public forum exists to resolve questions regarding meaning and direction within the society and community. Art is a symbol of the human activity of re-questioning the depths of reality in which one is involved, making hypotheses for the future, and asking the community about it. However, art itself is also undergoing a crisis. I would like to set a framework for grasping this situation to reconsider the issue of art as a medium responsible for publicness.
Tendência temporal da incidência da AIDS em pessoas com 50 anos ou mais no Brasil*
Authors: Santana Aenne Zandonadi Rodrigues , Reiners Annelita Almeida Oliveira , Azevedo Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza , Silva Janderson Diego Pimenta da , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Mendes Priscila Aguiar
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal da incidência da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) em pessoas com 50 anos ou mais no Brasil e suas regiões. Método: estudo ecológico misto dos casos notificados de AIDS em pessoas de 50 anos ou mais entre 2007 e 2017, no Brasil e regiões. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema Nacional de Agravos e Notificação e analisados pelo método Prais-Winsten. Resultados: a tendência temporal da incidência de AIDS em pessoas com 50 anos ou mais foi estável no Brasil e nas regiões Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste (variação percentual anual: 10,7; 4,9; 8,4 e 12,2, respectivamente); nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, foi crescente (variação percentual anual: 16,6 e 20,6, respectivamente). Conclusão: houve estabilidade da incidência de AIDS no Brasil e nas regiões Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, como também aumento da incidência da doença nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, na população estudada.
Fisioterapia em Tempos de Pandemia: A Tecnologia nas Inter-relações Docente, Aluno e Paciente
Authors: Schwertner Debora Soccal , Santos Fernanda Romaguera Pereira dos , Sanada Luciana Sayuri , Koerich Micheline Henrique Araujo da Luz , Roque Ana Beatriz , Meireles André Luís Ferreira de , Campos Eduarda Pelisser , Sprada Fabio , Oliveira Juliane , Tibola Juliano , Cani Katerine , Dias Mirella , Knabben Rodrigo José , Pereira Sabrina Fortes , Jandt Uriel , Kuhn Vitória , Refosco Vanessa Zeni
Published: August 2021

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) comunicou ao mundo a pandemia pela proliferação do patógeno SARS-CoV-2 (novo corona vírus) que, ao infectar o ser humano causa a doença COVID-19 (SAÚDE, 2020). Devido ao fácil contágio, várias medidas de combate à pandemia foram divulgadas e implantadas, dentre elas o distanciamento social, a recomendação de fechamento dos estabelecimentos, o isolamento em casa, entre outras. Neste sentido, o curso de Fisioterapia do Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), considerando a sua responsabilidade social e ética com a comunidade e principalmente com os usuários em atendimento, está buscando opções para fornecer aos pacientes, durante este período de excepcionalidade, uma forma alternativa de cuidado.
Defining compassion and compassionate behaviours in radiotherapy
Authors:   , Taylor Amy Victoria
Published: August 2021

Inadequate care and compassionate practice have been blamed for failings within the NHS. UK healthcare legislation can be criticised for its failure to provide meaning or clarity of practical compassionate care. Consequently, hindering the ability of NHS Trusts, service delivery managers and employees to interpret and implement policy recommendations regarding compassionate practice at a local level. To support the implementation of compassionate legislation, the study sought to understand the perspectives of those in receipt and those delivering compassionate practice. The research aimed to co-construct a context specific definition of compassion and identify commonly recognised compassionate behaviours. Co-production underpinned the qualitative methodological inquiry and design of the research. Eleven focus groups were conducted, five with therapeutic radiographers, three with cancer patients and carers and three with student therapeutic radiographers. On completion of thematic analysis from those groups, three co-production workshops were conducted, integrating the data to ensure the co-produced findings were equally representative of the perspectives of the three participant groups. The co-produced definition conveys how compassion can be recognised by the intention to help, achieved through recognition of individuality and a tailored approach to meet the person’s individual need. An understanding of compassionate display is illustrated through the construction of a conceptual framework. The findings indicate four components are essential for compassion demonstration and perception of compassionate display: 1) attitude, 2) behaviours, 3) understanding individuality and the appreciation of needs and 4) practices. Collectively these four components enable the therapeutic radiographer to behave in a manner which facilitates a connection with the patient whilst denoting their intent to be compassionate. Consequently, expression of intent enables the patient to perceive the practices as compassionate. This co-produced definition, underpinned by a conceptual understanding of compassionate display, will facilitate the translation of policy into practice. Recommendations are made which aim to equip the profession with therapeutic radiographers that hold intent to be compassionate, are motivated and have both the confidence and opportunity to be compassionate in a supported culture which shares the vision for person-centred compassionate care. Consequently, this should improve the quality of compassionate care received by patients.
Change of State
Authors: Braman Sandra
Published: August 2021

How control over information creation, processing, flows, and use has become the most effective form of power: theoretical foundations and empirical examples of information policy in the U.S., an innovator informational state.

As the informational state replaces the bureaucratic welfare state, control over information creation, processing, flows, and use has become the most effective form of power. In Change of State Sandra Braman examines the theoretical and practical ramifications of this "change of state." She looks at the ways in which governments are deliberate, explicit, and consistent in their use of information policy to exercise power, exploring not only such familiar topics as intellectual property rights and privacy but also areas in which policy is highly effective but little understood. Such lesser-known issues include hybrid citizenship, the use of "functionally equivalent borders" internally to allow exceptions to U.S. law, research funding, census methods, and network interconnection. Trends in information policy, argues Braman, both manifest and trigger change in the nature of governance itself.After laying the theoretical, conceptual, and historical foundations for understanding the informational state, Braman examines 20 information policy principles found in the U.S Constitution. She then explores the effects of U.S. information policy on the identity, structure, borders, and change processes of the state itself and on the individuals, communities, and organizations that make up the state. Looking across the breadth of the legal system, she presents current law as well as trends in and consequences of several information policy issues in each category affected.

Change of State introduces information policy on two levels, coupling discussions of specific contemporary problems with more abstract analysis drawing on social theory and empirical research as well as law. Most important, the book provides a way of understanding how information policy brings about the fundamental social changes that come with the transformation to the informational state.

Funding for the OA edition is provided by Texas A&M University.
Unsupervised machine learning reveals key immune cell subsets in COVID-19, rhinovirus infection, and cancer therapy
Authors: Barone Sierra M , Paul Alberta GA , Muehling Lyndsey M , Lannigan Joanne A , Kwok William W , Turner Ronald B , Woodfolk Judith A , Irish Jonathan M
Published: August 2021

For an emerging disease like COVID-19, systems immunology tools may quickly identify and quantitatively characterize cells associated with disease progression or clinical response. With repeated sampling, immune monitoring creates a real-time portrait of the cells reacting to a novel virus before disease-specific knowledge and tools are established. However, single cell analysis tools can struggle to reveal rare cells that are under 0.1% of the population. Here, the machine learning workflow Tracking Responders EXpanding (T-REX) was created to identify changes in both rare and common cells across human immune monitoring settings. T-REX identified cells with highly similar phenotypes that localized to hotspots of significant change during rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Specialized MHCII tetramer reagents that mark rhinovirus-specific CD4+ cells were left out during analysis and then used to test whether T-REX identified biologically significant cells. T-REX identified rhinovirus-specific CD4+ T cells based on phenotypically homogeneous cells expanding by ≥95% following infection. T-REX successfully identified hotspots of virus-specific T cells by comparing infection (day 7) to either pre-infection (day 0) or post-infection (day 28) samples. Plotting the direction and degree of change for each individual donor provided a useful summary view and revealed patterns of immune system behavior across immune monitoring settings. For example, the magnitude and direction of change in some COVID-19 patients was comparable to blast crisis acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing a complete response to chemotherapy. Other COVID-19 patients instead displayed an immune trajectory like that seen in rhinovirus infection or checkpoint inhibitor therapy for melanoma. The T-REX algorithm thus rapidly identifies and characterizes mechanistically significant cells and places emerging diseases into a systems immunology context for comparison to well-studied immune changes.
Evolution of diversity in metabolic strategies
Authors: Caetano Rodrigo , Ispolatov Yaroslav , Doebeli Michael
Published: August 2021

Understanding the origin and maintenance of biodiversity is a fundamental problem. Many theoretical approaches have been investigating ecological interactions, such as competition, as potential drivers of diversification. Classical consumer-resource models predict that the number of coexisting species should not exceed the number of distinct resources, a phenomenon known as the competitive exclusion principle. It has recently been argued that including physiological tradeoffs in consumer-resource models can lead to violations of this principle and to ecological coexistence of very high numbers of species. Here, we show that these results crucially depend on the functional form of the tradeoff. We investigate the evolutionary dynamics of resource use constrained by tradeoffs and show that if the tradeoffs are non-linear, the system either does not diversify or diversifies into a number of coexisting species that do not exceed the number of resources. In particular, very high diversity can only be observed for linear tradeoffs.
Automatic configuration of the Cassandra database using irace
Authors: Silva-Muñoz Moisés , Franzin Alberto , Bersini Hugues
Published: August 2021

Database systems play a central role in modern data-centered applications. Their performance is thus a key factor in the efficiency of data processing pipelines. Modern database systems expose several parameters that users and database administrators can configure to tailor the database settings to the specific application considered. While this task has traditionally been performed manually, in the last years several methods have been proposed to automatically find the best parameter configuration for a database. Many of these methods, however, use statistical models that require high amounts of data and fail to represent all the factors that impact the performance of a database, or implement complex algorithmic solutions. In this work we study the potential of a simple model-free general-purpose configuration tool to automatically find the best parameter configuration of a database. We use the irace configurator to automatically find the best parameter configuration for the Cassandra NoSQL database using the YCBS benchmark under different scenarios. We establish a reliable experimental setup and obtain speedups of up to 30% over the default configuration in terms of throughput, and we provide an analysis of the configurations obtained.
Pain and satisfaction: the case of isolated COVID-19 patients of Pakistan
Authors: Haq Wajiha , Irfan Siddrah , Raza Syed Hassan , Ahmed Waqar , Alam Mian , Wasif Samia , Malik Muhammad Wasif , Ahmad Saeed
Published: August 2021

Background

Over 3 million people lost their lives across the globe due to the COVID-19 related pandemic. The unprecedented restrictions on mobility have imposed in the form of isolation, quarantines, and lockdowns to curb the profound effects of the pandemic and retain physical health. This study examined the relationship between various pain levels, demographic variables and patient satisfaction with COVID-19 during isolation.

Methods

The primary data in this study were collected from isolated patients during their isolation and treatment in a public hospital. We obtained information from patients with COVID-19 (N = 100) about their demographic characteristics, varying levels of pain, and satisfaction with the services provided during the isolation period. We computed the descriptive statistics to explain the profile of participants, ANOVA was used to find out the difference between various groups on patient satisfaction, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the link between pain levels, demographic factors, and patient satisfaction. This analysis was performed with STATA and SmartPLS-3.

Results

The findings of this study ascertained that respondent’s education (Beta, β = 2.961,p = 0.003), assets such as possession of a house (β = 4.563,p = 0.000), perception of income adequacy during the lockdown (=2.299,p = 0.022), and negligence in prevention (β = 1.975,p = 0.049) significantly affects patient satisfaction during the isolation period. Moreover, satisfaction with life, physicians and medicine, income adequacy, and fear of the participants was significantly linked to the pain level (Model F-stat = 86.323,p = 0.0001). Patients who were satisfied with their treatment had significantly lower odds of having pain (OR 0.023, 95% CI [0.001–0.0452]). Patients who had enough income to meet their basic necessities were found to have significantly lower odds of having pain (OR 0.155, 95% CI [0.032–0.740].

Discussion and Conclusion

We conclude that a higher level of education, low income, and living in a rented house contributes significantly to the feeling of more satisfaction with the provided services. This implies that people with more affluent backgrounds are less likely to be satisfied with the provided services as low-income and living in rented house groups are more satisfied during isolation than others. The pain level is also affected by subjective factors such as fear and satisfaction which need to be considered while doing patient management. This study can be helpful in improving the delivery of public services of isolation centers by considering various characteristics and demographic factors of patients.
Evaluation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Al-SiC/Gr Particulate Produced by Stir Casting Technique
Authors: Mudashiru L. O. , Babatunde I. A. , Adetola S. O. , Kolapo O. I.
Published: August 2021

Stir casting is an economical process for the production of aluminum matrix composites. There are many parameters in this process, which affect the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, micron-sized SiC and Gr particles were used as reinforcement to fabricate Al-SiC/Gr composites at holding temperature of 700 ± 5 °C for 5 min at 350 rev/min stirring speed. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of the composites show improvement compared with pure aluminum-matrix. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of the as-cast composites shows that the vortex formations within the melt eliminates the agglomeration of the particles and improve the wettability phenomenon.
3D‐Printed Acoustofluidic Devices for Raman Spectroscopy of Cells
Authors: Santos Harrisson D. A. , Silva Amanda E. , Silva Giclênio C. , Lima Everton B. , Marques Alisson S. , Alexandre-Moreira Magna S. , Queiroz Aline C. , Jacinto Carlos , Henrique Lopes J. , Rocha Uéslen , Silva Glauber T.
Published: August 2021

Acoustofluidics technology can be used to trap live cells (and also micro/nanoparticles) in microenvironments suitable for cell assays. Herein, a cheap and easy‐to‐fabricate device is proposed that works with Raman spectroscopy for biosensing applications. The device comprises a 3D‐printed microchamber working as a half‐wavelength acoustic resonator. By tuning the resonance frequency with a low voltage (≈4 V), cells or particles are aggregated and levitated in seconds by the action of the acoustic radiation force. Based on finite element simulations, the radiation force field produced inside the device is described. In the cellular enrichment (aggregation) process, a metastable honeycomb lattice is formed mostly due to the cell‐to‐cell attraction caused by the secondary acoustic radiation force. Orderly and metastable levitating aggregates provide an excellent arrangement for Raman spectroscopy to investigate cells individually. Polystyrene particles are used for the device characterization and Raman acquisition process. Biosensing applications are showcased with live murine macrophages J774.A1, which are used in infection assay of leishmaniasis disease. The unique features of the device, e.g., simple fabrication process with cheap materials, simple operation, fast time response, and formation of metastable cellular aggregates; hold a noteworthy potential for applications in life sciences and biotechnology involving cell assays.
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Aerogels and Porous Scaffolds: A Review
Authors: Tetik Halil , Wang Ying , Sun Xiao , Cao Daxian , Shah Nasrullah , Zhu Hongli , Qian Fang , Lin Dong
Published: August 2021

Aerogels are highly porous structures produced by replacing the liquid solvent of a gel with air without causing a collapse in the solid network. Unlike conventional fabrication methods, additive manufacturing (AM) has been applied to fabricate 3D aerogels with customized geometries specific to their applications, designed pore morphologies, multimaterial structures, etc. To date, three major AM technologies (extrusion, inkjet, and stereolithography) followed by a drying process have been proposed to additively manufacture 3D functional aerogels. 3D‐printed aerogels and porous scaffolds showed great promise for a variety of applications, including tissue engineering, electrochemical energy storage, controlled drug delivery, sensing, and soft robotics. In this review, the details of steps included in the AM of aerogels and porous scaffolds are discussed, and a general frame is provided for AM of those. Then, the different postprinting processes are addressed to achieve the porosity (after drying); and mechanical strength, functionality, or both (after postdrying thermal or chemical treatments) are provided. Furthermore, the applications of the 3D‐printed aerogels/porous scaffolds made from a variety of materials are also highlighted. The review is concluded with the current challenges and an outlook for the next generation of 3D‐printed aerogels and porous scaffolds.
High Thermoelectric Performance of ZnO by Coherent Phonon Scattering and Optimized Charge Transport
Authors: Acharya Somnath , Yu Byung‐Kyu , Hwang Junphil , Kim Jiyong , Kim Woochul
Published: August 2021

ZnO is identified as a potentially attractive n‐type oxide thermoelectric material due to its abundance, nontoxicity, and a high degree of stability. However, working with ZnO is challenging due to its high thermal conductivity from its strong ionic bonds and low electrical conductivity due to its low charge concentrations. Here, it is demonstrated that the electrical and thermal transport properties of ZnO can be simultaneously improved via the successful doping of Al and ZnS coating. The ZnS coating in Al‐doped ZnO is observed and analyzed through microstructure and spectroscopic studies. The power factor for 1% ZnS‐coated Zn0.98Al0.02O is increased to ≈0.75 mW m−1K−2at 1073 K, 161% higher than pure ZnO. This enhancement in the power factor can be explained by the aliovalent Al3+doping and modifications in intrinsic defects, leading to an increased carrier concentration. Interestingly, ZnS coating significantly reduces lattice thermal conductivity to ≈2.31 W m−1K−1at 1073 K for 2% ZnS‐coated Zn0.98Al0.02O, a 62% decrease over pure ZnO. This large reduction in lattice thermal conductivity can be elucidated based on coherent phonon scattering via Callaway's model. Overall, the figure of merit,zT, increases to 0.2 in 2% ZnS‐coated Zn0.98Al0.02O, which is 272% higher than pure ZnO at 1073 K.
Hydrophilicity‐Hydrophobicity Transformation, Thermoresponsive Morphomechanics, and Crack Multifurcation Revealed by AIEgens in Mechanically Strong Hydrogels
Authors: Hu Yubing , Barbier Lucile , Li Zhao , Ji Xiaofan , Le Blay Heiva , Hourdet Dominique , Sanson Nicolas , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Marcellan Alba , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2021

Biomimetic exploration of stimuli‐responsive and crack‐resistant hydrogels is of great academic and practical significance, although the rational design of tough hydrogels is limited by insufficient mechanism study due to the lack of imaging techniques to “see” hydrogels at mesoscale level. A series of composite hydrogels with compartmentalized thermal response is designed by incorporating aggregation‐ and polarity‐sensitive fluorescent probes in a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) network grafted with poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) side‐chains. The fluorescence technique is explored as a powerful tool to directly visualize their hydrophilicity‐hydrophobicity transformation and the composition‐dependent microphase separation. Based on the morphological observation and mechanical measurements, the concept of morphomechanics with a comprehensive mechanism clarification is proposed. In this regard, the thermoresponsive toughening is attributed to the formation of multiple noncovalent interactions and the conformational changes of PNIPAM chains. The enhanced fracture energy by crack multifurcation is related to the tearing‐like disruption of weak interfaces between the separated phases.
High‐Throughput Discovery of Novel Cubic Crystal Materials Using Deep Generative Neural Networks
Authors: Zhao Yong , Al‐Fahdi Mohammed , Hu Ming , Siriwardane Edirisuriya M. D. , Song Yuqi , Nasiri Alireza , Hu Jianjun
Published: August 2021

High‐throughput screening has become one of the major strategies for the discovery of novel functional materials. However, its effectiveness is severely limited by the lack of sufficient and diverse materials in current materials repositories such as the open quantum materials database (OQMD). Recent progress in deep learning have enabled generative strategies that learn implicit chemical rules for creating hypothetical materials with new compositions and structures. However, current materials generative models have difficulty in generating structurally diverse, chemically valid, and stable materials. Here we propose CubicGAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN) based deep neural network model for large scale generative design of novel cubic materials. When trained on 375 749 ternary materials from the OQMD database, the authors show that the model is able to not only rediscover most of the currently known cubic materials but also generate hypothetical materials of new structure prototypes. A total of 506 such materials have been verified by phonon dispersion calculation. Considering the importance of cubic materials in wide applications such as solar panels, the GAN model provides a promising approach to significantly expand existing materials repositories, enabling the discovery of new functional materials via screening. The new crystal structures discovered are freely accessible at www.carolinamatdb.org.
Real‐Time Internal Steam Pop Detection during Radiofrequency Ablation with a Radiofrequency Ablation Needle Integrated with a Temperature and Pressure Sensor: Preclinical and Clinical Pilot Tests
Authors: Park Jaeho , Cha Dong Ik , Jeong Yongrok , Park Hayan , Lee Jinwoo , Kang Tae Wook , Lim Hyo Keun , Park Inkyu
Published: August 2021

A radiofrequency ablation (RFA) needle integrated with a temperature sensor (T‐sensor) and pressure sensor (P‐sensor) is designed and utilized for real‐time internal steam pop monitoring during RFA. The characteristics of the sensor‐integrated RFA needle (sRFA‐needle) are investigated quantitatively using a pressure chamber system, and the feasibility and usability of the needle in preclinical and clinical trials is demonstrated. The sharp changes in the temperature and normalized pressure sensor signals induced by the abrupt release of hot and high‐pressure steam can be clearly monitored during the steam pop phenomena. The basic mechanism of the preliminary steam pop is hypothesized and verified using in situ ultrasound imaging data and computational analysis data of the RFA procedure. Moreover, the usability of the system in clinical trials is investigated, and the steam pop phenomena during the RFA procedure are detected using T‐sensor and P‐sensor. The results confirm that the sensor integration on the medical needle can provide critical data for safer and more effective medical practices.
A Nickel‐Decorated Carbon Flower/Sulfur Cathode for Lean‐Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tsao Yuchi , Gong Huaxin , Chen Shucheng , Chen Gan , Liu Yunzhi , Gao Theodore Z. , Cui Yi , Bao Zhenan
Published: August 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries involve a reversible conversion reaction between sulfur and lithium sulfide (Li2S) via a series of soluble lithium polysulfide intermediates (LiPSs), enabling a high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g–1. However, this process exhibits large polarization and low sulfur utilization and suffers critical capacity fade. The primary approach to tackle the problem has so far been to infiltrate sulfur into nanostructured carbon. However, most studies using porous carbon as host materials have tested with high electrolyte to sulfur ratios (E/S) (generally > 15 µL mg−1) that compromise the cell‐level energy density. Here, a flower‐shaped porous carbon structure with nickel nanoparticles that can address the problems discussed above is designed. First, the 3D flower‐shaped carbon structure enables short ionic transport lengths. Second, the small pore diameters <10 nm and high specific surface areas > 3300 m2 g−1 with sufficient pore volume are ideal for charging performance for low E/S ratios. Finally, Ni nanoparticles are employed onto the flower‐shaped network to improve the reaction kinetics. Collectively, it is successfully demonstrated that the batteries with a high mass loading of 5 mg cm−2 and a 5 µL mg−1 E/S ratio can retain cycle retention of 70% after 150 cycles.
A Versatile Li6.5In0.25P0.75S5I Sulfide Electrolyte Triggered by Ultimate‐Energy Mechanical Alloying for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Jiang Zhao , Peng Hongling , Liu Yu , Li Zhongxu , Zhong Yu , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping
Published: August 2021

Sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) have captured plentiful interest on account of their high ionic conductivity and appropriate mechanical strength. However, the poor air stability and cost‐intensive preparation process of SSEs limit their applications. Herein, a novel ultimate‐energy mechanical alloying (UEMA) approach is applied to rapidly synthesize the argyrodite‐type electrolytes in a one‐pot process. According to the hard‐soft‐acid‐base theory and the first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation, In‐doping in Li6PS5I is attempted to enhance air stability and the experimental results demonstrate the success of this approach. The synthesized Li6.5In0.25P0.75S5I electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity (1.06 mS cm–1), and also presents excellent interfacial stability against Li metal, benefiting from the formation of a LiI‐rich interphase layer. The assembled Li–S battery with Li6.5In0.25P0.75S5I as an interlayer delivers a high discharge capacity (954 mAh g–1) and presents the capacity retention of 96% after 200 cycles. The In‐doped Li6PS5I is a novel promising electrolyte with high air stability and ionic conductivity for the application of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Capture of dilute methane with a novel dynamic‐feed dual‐reflux pressure swing adsorption process
Authors: Guo Yalou , Hu Guoping , Chen Kaifei , Guo Jining , Webley Paul A. , Li Gang Kevin
Published: August 2021

Dual‐reflux pressure swing adsorption (DR‐PSA) is a state‐of‐art adsorption technology claiming to achieve both high product purity and recovery. However, its performance is inevitably limited by the gas mixing problem at the feed inlet position in adsorption columns, where a discontinuity in the columns' axial concentration profiles disturbs the separation. Here, we developed a dynamic‐feed DR‐PSA (DF‐DR‐PSA) process to solve the mixing problem and obtain better separation performance by introducing multiple feed inlets along the column. The DF‐DR‐PSA process was demonstrated by enrichment methane (CH4) from a binary gas mixture containing 2.4 mol.% CH4 in nitrogen (N2) using activated carbon material. Non‐isothermal dynamic models were constructed to investigate the effects of operating parameters on the separation performance. The results showed the DF‐DR‐PSA process achieved both higher methane purity (53.5% vs. 47.5%) and recovery (81.1% vs. 72.2%) over the conventional DR‐PSA process at the same energy consumption.
Development of TP53 mutations over the course of therapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Alwash Yasmin , Khoury Joseph D. , Tashakori Mehrnoosh , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Daver Naval , Ravandi Farhad , Kadia Tapan M. , Konopleva Marina , Dinardo Courtney D. , Issa Ghayas C. , Loghavi Sanam , Takahashi Koichi , Jabbour Elias , Guerra Veronica , Kornblau Steven , Kantarjian Hagop , Short Nicholas J.
Published: August 2021

TP53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are associated with resistance to standard treatments and dismal outcomes. The incidence and prognostic impact of the emergence of newly detectable TP53 mutations over the course of AML therapy has not been well described. We retrospectively analyzed 200 patients with newly diagnosed TP53 wild type AML who relapsed after or were refractory to frontline therapy. Twenty‐nine patients (15%) developed a newly detectable TP53 mutation in the context of relapsed/refractory disease. The median variant allelic frequency (VAF) was 15% (range, 1.1%–95.6%). TP53 mutations were more common after intensive therapy versus lower‐intensity therapy (23% vs. 10%, respectively; p = 0.02) and in patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant versus those who had not (36% vs. 12%, respectively; p = 0.005). Lower TP53 VAF was associated with an increased likelihood of complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) compared to higher TP53 VAF (CR/CRi rate of 41% for VAF < 20% vs. 13% for VAF ≥ 20%, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) after acquisition of TP53 mutation was 4.6 months, with a 1‐year OS rate of 19%. TP53 VAF at relapse was significantly associated with OS; the median OS of patients with TP53 VAF ≥ 20% was 3.5 months versus 6.1 months for those with TP53 VAF < 20% (p < 0.05). In summary, new TP53 mutations may be acquired throughout the course of AML therapy. Sequential monitoring for TP53 mutations is likely to be increasingly relevant in the era of emerging TP53‐targeting therapies for AML.
Microwave‐Assisted Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Thiazol‐2(3H)‐ones and Its Interaction with Biomacromolecules
Authors: Preeti  , Kumar Mahesh , Jaiswal Anjali , Nand Singh Krishna
Published: August 2021

An expeditious catalyst‐free heteroannulation has been accomplished to access functionalized thiazol‐2(3H)‐ones by the reaction of isothiocyanates and 2‐bromoketones in EtOH under controlled microwave irradiation heating. The synthetic strategy is simple, straightforward, and offers two points of structural diversity to expand the product versatility. Further, the biological relevance of the synthesized thiazol‐2(3H)‐ones has been examined for their possible use as putative acetylcholinesterase inhibitors through molecular docking analysis.