bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excerpted Abstracts of the 7th Water Efficiency Conference 2022
Authors: Adeyeye Kemi , Tota-Maharaj Kiran
Published: June 2024

In an increasingly uncertain world, water is constant and central to most things: the economy, energy, transport, agriculture, health, leisure, wellbeing, social and cultural life. The 7th Water Efficiency (WATEF) Conference 2022 was, for the first time, held outside Europe in the Caribbean, at the Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago on 14th-16th December, 2022. Many challenges reflect the changing climate, increasingly unpredictable weather, and the efforts towards sustainable development necessary for social equity and economic growth. Proactive partnerships and collaborations across civil society is necessary to succeed in this effort. A conference on water efficiency and resilience is justified in the face of these challenges and during an energy, cost-of-living, food, and other crises. The WATEF-2022 Conference’s theme was “Water Resources Resilience for Small Island Developing States (SIDS)”. Trinidad and Tobago has a relatively high reliable water infrastructure (including desalination plants) for its population but in recent times water resources have been impacted by unforeseen climate change events. This twin-island republic was best suited for this conference, geographically and technically. Parallel with invited keynotes and feature speeches, technical presentations and panel discussions were made addressing various topics and areas associated with the conference’s theme. This paper contains a total of 28 abstracts excerpted from the Conference proceedings that address towards collaborative solutions to the water and resilience challenges faced globally and experienced more intensely by SIDS.
Efficiency of Renewable Energy Sources in Reducing Carbon Footprint in Developing Countries
Authors: Kamau John
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine efficiency of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon footprint in developing countries
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of various renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic systems, wind power, biogas technology, and hydropower, in mitigating carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development. These technologies offer reliable, environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels, contributing to enhanced energy access, reduced reliance on traditional biomass fuels, and positive socio-economic impacts. However, realizing the full potential of renewable energy requires addressing barriers such as upfront costs, financing constraints, and technical capacity limitations. Policy interventions play a crucial role in scaling up renewable energy deployment through targeted incentives, regulatory frameworks, and capacity-building initiatives.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Technology Adoption Theory, Environmental Policy Theory & Energy Transition Theory may be used to anchor future studies on efficiency of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon footprint in developing countries. Implement practical measures to facilitate technology transfer and capacity building in renewable energy sectors. This involves partnerships between developed and developing countries to share knowledge, expertise, and resources for deploying and maintaining renewable energy infrastructure. Establish supportive regulatory frameworks that streamline permitting processes, ensure grid integration, and provide market access for renewable energy producers. Clear and consistent regulations create an enabling environment for renewable energy investments and facilitate the transition to low-carbon energy systems.
COVID-19 MANDATORY VACCINATION OF SPECIAL STATUS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES. AN ANALYSIS OF REQUESTS FOR EXEMPTION IN THE US AIR FORCE
Authors: BARNES David , MOLDOVAN Octavian
Published: June 2024

One of the largest public sector operations in the world is within the United States of America
military, with over 2 million service members and approximately 1.4 million full-time equivalent civilian
workers, with bases and operations in at least 80 different nations. The US military made COVID-19
vaccinations (COVAX) mandatory among all members but allows for requests to accommodate refusals for
reasons of personal beliefs. These can be beliefs of conscience, personal morality or religious expression,
whether from organized or individual tenets. Multiple articles have been produced during the COVID-19
pandemic identifying willingness to receive COVAX or reasons for COVAX reluctance and refusal, but
almost all data has been obtained from short-response surveys. Taking a departure from that, this study
reviews the qualitative data from over 100 extensive interviews conducted with individual military members
(from the US Air Force) who requested COVAX exemption. Their reasons given to refuse vaccination are
also provided in a letter written by the member, regardless of rank, directly to the general at the top of their
particular command. Examination of the reasons given provides unique insights into the thought processes
of requestors. Regardless of the request’s outcome, this data demonstrates the administrative and policy
importance placed by the US military on at least considering personal beliefs, even in a pandemic, and
protecting individual freedoms, even of military members with curtailed rights. By far, disproportionate
requests came from lower ranks with some mid-level leadership making formal requests to refuse the
COVAX. In this sample, no top leadership requested exemptions.
The analysis finds evidence for pressure exerted on members to not submit an exemption request. For those
who did, the 111 requests were not a static or set doctrinal view. Arising from at least 29 distinct religious
traditions, all requests showed signs of an emerging or developing sense of belief praxis in the face of new
situations. Other dominant patterns also emerged. The study found critical objections to the use of fetal stem
lines in developing available vaccines and concerns about potential vaccine side effects to the requestor’s
body. Trust in the process and a sense of autonomy in participation also were found to be critically import
to most requests.
Branch Break Assessment: An Unexpected Accident with a Professional Arborist
Authors: Scipioni Marcelo Callegari , Delben Guilherme Jurkevicz , Modes Karina Soares
Published: June 2024

Background

Arborists are important in both the maintenance of urban trees and research on forest canopies. Tree climbing is hazardous work. This study investigated the causes of a branch-breaking accident involving a certified arborist.

Methods

The branch was 11 cm in diameter. The density and mechanics of the branch wood were studied; the measurable stresses and deformations until the material ruptured were analyzed. The position of the tree climber and the applied forces were calculated, including the shear stresses, the bending moment, and the support reaction suffered at the point of rupture.

Results

The shear stress grew exponentially from
V
= 25.78 MPa; a shifting of the angle of the lanyard by > 45° and moving one meter toward the tip of the branch caused a 64.67% increase in shear stress. The support distance of the arborist’s body on the one anchor point on the branch, combined with the angle of force on the same branch, caused the imminent rupture of the branch’s base. The study provides evidence that the arborists should avoid traveling over small horizontal branches using only one safety point with lanyards.
Effects of Nature-Based Solutions on Mental Well-Being—The Case of Urban Parks in Marivan, Iran
Authors: Rastkhadiv Arman , Hami Ahmad , Pouya Sima
Published: June 2024

The importance of urban parks for improving the quality of life of residents is becoming increasingly clear as people interact less and less with nature. Urban parks should be designed to have a profound impact on the mental health and well-being of citizens through the provision of high-quality facilities and services. Nevertheless, there are differences in the influencing factors in urban parks. Nowadays, urban parks as the lungs of cities are considered important destinations for citizens to get rid of stress and mental fatigue. Therefore, it is important to understand what factors contribute to people feeling mentally better and improving their well-being. Based on people’s experiences and opinions, the present study aims to investigate how urban parks as nature-based solutions in Marivan City, Iran, especially the green infrastructure and its elements in Shano and Zaribar Parks, contribute to respondent’s mental health and overall well-being. The necessary data for this study were collected from 277 respondents using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was randomly distributed both in person and online. The questions were categorized based on 3 indicators directly related to mental health and well-being: perceptual, visual, and functional. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in Smart-PLS software. Results indicate that the perceptual, visual, and functional indicators in Marivan’s urban parks have a significant impact on the mental health and well-being of residents. Among these indicators, the visual indicator has shown the highest level of influence.
La comunicación en contextos de salud: generación de recursos tecnológicos multilingües para la mejora de la eficacia comunicativa del Consentimiento Informado
Authors: García-Izquierdo Isabel , Borja Albi Anabel
Published: June 2024

Los avances científicos y la complejidad del contexto sociológico en el cual se practica la medicina en un mundo cada día más globalizado e interconectado plantean nuevos interrogantes éticos y legales sobre los derechos y obligaciones de los pacientes, los profesionales de la salud y los servicios públicos de atención sanitaria. A pesar del avance significativo e innegable que supone el cambio de paradigma en la relación médico-paciente y el gran desarrollo que ha conocido el derecho médico y la bioética en los últimos años, la población sigue encontrando serios obstáculos lingüísticos y culturales para ejercer su derecho a la información y a la toma de decisiones en relación con su salud. En este trabajo presentamos parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación HIPÓCRATES del grupo español GENTT, dirigido a humanizar la atención sanitaria mediante la mejora de la comunicación médico-paciente en entornos multilingües. En concreto, nos centraremos en los avances realizados en la investigación de los aspectos textuales del Consentimiento Informado (CI), un género médico cuya redacción y traducción tiene un gran impacto en contextos clínicos debido a sus implicaciones éticas y legales. La complejidad léxico-sintáctica de este género y la falta de patrones estandarizados en su redacción dificultan la comprensibilidad, así como la identificación de las secuencias retóricas en las que se plasman la funciones comunicativa y legal, especialmente cuando emisor y receptor tienen idiomas y culturas médicas diferentes. Presentaremos la herramienta de análisis textual ProText GENTT, desarrollada en el contexto del proyecto, que utiliza técnicas tradicionales de explotación de corpus combinadas con aprendizaje automático e inteligencia artificial. Con la ayuda de esta herramienta hemos realizado un análisis del corpus multilingüe (español, catalán e inglés) de textos de CI compilado por nuestro equipo (GENTT_Corpus), que nos ha permitido identificar los principales elementos lingüístico-textuales y retóricos que dificultan su comprensión. A partir de estos resultados, nuestro grupo trabaja actualmente en la propuesta de modelos optimizados con distintos niveles de complejidad tanto en formato tradicional como digital (e-consent).
A Bossa Nova e a Música Nova: reflexos do Modernismo brasileiro na obra de Gilberto Mendes
Authors: Santos Rita de Cássia Domingues dos , Rodrigues Rodrigo Vicente , Farias Raphael Fernandes Lopes
Published: June 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre alguns índices de modernidade na arte brasileira, com enfoque na música. Observou-se como o(s) modernismo(s) brasileiro(s) operou negociações entre o regional e o estrangeiro e como as imagens de brasilidade foram agenciadas em sua circulação internacional até os anos 1960, nos quais emerge a Bossa Nova. Esta foi entendida como ponto de inflexão para os desdobramentos estéticos em imagens visuais e sonoras. Nesse sentido, destaca-se o compositor Gilberto Mendes, que se apropria desse gênero, visto como representante de certa noção de brasilidade, e usa os ideais modernistas do Movimento Música Nova, numa confluência do local e do internacional. Como exemplos desse processo, foram analisadas as obras Diálogo de Ruptura e Viva Villa II e, para tanto, foi utilizada uma metodologia interdisciplinar e qualitativa, abarcando revisão bibliográfica e análise musical, além de trazer majoritariamente contribuições da História da Arte e da Musicologia. Pretende-se, assim, contribuir para uma visão mais reflexiva e crítica do modernismo musical brasileiro, bem como para uma perspectiva abrangente das influências da Bossa Nova na nossa música de concerto, em um modo de análise que toca problemáticas que a própria formação social, étnica, cultural, política e econômica do País encerra.
NURSE EDUCATOR COMPETENCIES IN DEVELOPING MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA (MBKM) POLICY
Authors: Dhawo Maria Silvana , Dias Maria Frani Ayu Andari
Published: June 2024

The Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) has been integrated into the Indonesian higher education system since 2020. While nursing study programs are not mandated to participate in MBKM activities, they are still required to meet the key performance indicators outlined by the Ministry of Education and Culture through the MBKM program. To ensure that students receive valuable learning experiences in line with outcome-based curricula, nurse educators must possess additional competencies in designing learning experiences and coordinating collaborations with various stakeholders. This will equip nursing graduates to meet the demands of the modern era and compete globally, while also addressing the needs of society. Currently, the required competencies for nurse educators and the specific roles and responsibilities necessary to fulfill the MBKM policy have not been clearly defined. This article aims to elucidate the core competencies of nursing lecturers and the implementation of the expected roles and responsibilities essential for the successful execution of the MBKM program.
Rossmann wagt sich in die Schweiz
Authors: Stockburger Manfred , Brändlein Philip
Published: June 2024

Rossmann möchte in die Schweiz expandieren. Dafür hat der Händler den ehemaligen Landeschef von Konkurrent Müller angeworben. Bislang ist nur die kleinste der drei deutschen Drogerie-Größen im Nachbarland aktiv.
Waitrose muss kämpfen
Authors: Paoli Nicola de
Published: June 2024

Im britischen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel spitzt sich der Kampf um Marktanteile zwischen den Rivalen Marks & Spencer (M&S) und Waitrose angesichts fallender Inflationsraten weiter zu.
Seguimento do procedimento anestésico em crianças submetidas a cirurgias pediátricas: da admissão à alta do centro cirúrgico
Authors: Lethicia Tavares Araújo Honesko  , Gabriella Ferreira Quaranta  , Raquel Elisa de Almeida  , Liliane Travassos Cavalcanti de Souza
Published: June 2024

Introdução: o processo anestésico tem grande importância na segurança do procedimento cirúrgico. O jejum, no pré-operatório, deve ser realizado conforme orientações prévias. No período pós-operatório imediato, a equipe de enfermagem da Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica (SRPA) deve estar inteirada sobre os cuidados ao paciente durante toda a sua permanência no setor. Objetivo: analisar o procedimento anestésico em crianças submetidas a cirurgias, a fim de descrever, o tempo médio de jejum no pré-operatório e de permanência na SRPA e os cuidados de enfermagem prestados. Método: pesquisa prospectiva, descritiva, observacional e de análise quantitativa, sobre o tempo de jejum pré-operatório e o tempo de permanência na SRPA no pós-operatório imediato. Resultados: a amostra total foi de 66 pacientes em jejum pré-operatório, sendo que o tempo médio de jejum realizado foi de 12 horas e o tempo médio de permanência na SRPA no pós-operatório imediato foi de 1,36 horas. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo visam a melhoria da assistência perioperatória conforme novas políticas e protocolos, possibilitando um melhor manejo do jejum no pré-operatório e condutas direcionadas às complicações mais comuns entre os pacientes no pós-operatório.
Esperança de vida e transplante renal: aplicação da Escala de Herth em pacientes em lista de espera
Authors: Fonseca Villaça de Oliveira Letícia Gabriele , Bertoso de Vasconcelos Freire Lucyana
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o nível de esperança dos renais crônicos em lista de espera para transplante renal através da aplicação da Escala de Herth. Método: trata- se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa realizado no serviço de hemodiálise em uma cidade satélite de Brasília. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de setembro a novembro de 2023, após a submissão e a aprovação da pesquisa ao CEP da Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde – FEPECS. Resultados: a aplicação da Escala de Herth revelou que a amostra do estudo apresentou um elevado nível de esperança, independentemente de qualquer fator. Quanto ao perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes, metade eram homens e a outra metade mulheres, com idades entre 30 e 70 anos, ensino fundamental incompleto, estado civil casado, pardos, sendo metade evangélicos e a outra metade católicos. Metade dos participantes eram aposentados ou recebiam benefícios. O perfil clínico dos pacientes indicouhipertensão como a principal causa da DRC, tempo em hemodiálise entre 1 e 3 anos, fístula arteriovenosa como acesso vascular predominante e um tempo de espera de 1 ano para o primeiro transplante. Conclusão: os resultados indicam que o nível de esperança dos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal é elevado. No contexto da doença renal crônica, a esperança surge como uma medida positiva de enfrentamento para as dificuldades da vida diária. A perda de seguimento no acompanhamento pré-transplante e as dificuldades na realização de exames prévios foram identificadas como fatores limitadores para a inscrição na lista de espera para transplante renal. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos semelhantes em diferentes contextos de terapia dialítica.
PADRÃO DOS CASOS DE SÍFILIS ADQUIRIDA NOTIFICADOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE FLORIANÓPOLIS-SC NO PERÍODO DE 2012 À 2019
Authors: Maciel Marciane Gonçalves , Melo Oberdan Henrique Moreira de , Brasil Vinícius Paim , Souza Erica Larissa Pantoja de , Maciel Luiz Henrique Gonçalves , Maciel Marcel Gonçalves
Published: June 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o padrão das notificações de sífilis adquirida registradas no município de Florianópolis. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa que analisou o número dos casos de sífilis adquirida notificados no município de Florianópolis no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2019 disponíveis no Sistema de Informações de Agravo de Notificação (SINAN). Foram notificados 6.942 casos de sífilis adquirida no município de Florianópolis, em 2012 foram 268 notificações, tendo ao longo dos demais anos da série histórica os seguintes números: 2013 (435), 2014 (489), 2015 (596), 2016 (1.197), 2017 (1.447), 2018 (1.682) e 2019 (828) casos notificados. Em relação às unidades de notificação, 3.693 (53,2%) foram notificados pelo serviço de atenção primária a saúde, 3.110 (44,8%) no serviço de atenção secundária e 139 (2%) em unidades de serviço terciário, as taxas de incidência variaram de 61,87 a 341,19 por 100.000 habitantes/ano. Conclui-se, portanto, que houve tendência crescente de casos a partir do ano de 2016 a 2018 e com redução dos casos no ano de 2019, com maior registro de casos em indivíduos residentes em áreas consideradas de interesse social localizadas na região central do município.
A RELEVÂNCIA PROBATÓRIA DA PALAVRA DA VÍTIMA NOS CRIMES DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA
Authors: Sousa Ana Paula do Nascimento de , Borges Victor Ferreira , Caldas Adriano Ribeiro
Published: June 2024

Este artigo aborda a relevância da palavra da vítima nos crimes de violência doméstica, um problema crítico que impacta milhões de pessoas, especialmente mulheres, e a necessidade de mecanismos eficazes para combatê-la. A Lei Maria da Penha é um mecanismo chave, mas sua aplicação enfrenta desafios devido à natureza oculta desses delitos. O trabalho investiga a importância do depoimento da vítima frente aos princípios do direito penal e processo penal, como a presunção de inocência, in dubio pro reo e verdade real, e as implicações de condenações baseadas valorando de forma especial o depoimento da vítima. A pesquisa visa contribuir para um entendimento mais profundo da valoração e o impacto do depoimento da vítima no processo penal, enfatizando a necessidade de equilibrar a palavra do padecente com outras provas para evitar injustiças. Objetivo Geral: Analisar a relevância do valor probatório da palavra da vítima nos crimes de violência doméstica.
Deep-learning-derived planetary boundary layer height from conventional meteorological measurements
Authors: Su Tianning , Zhang Yunyan
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height (PBLH) is an important parameter for various meteorological and climate studies. This study presents a multi-structure deep neural network (DNN) model, which can estimate PBLH by integrating the morning temperature profiles and surface meteorological observations. The DNN model is developed by leveraging a rich dataset of PBLH derived from long-standing radiosonde records augmented with high-resolution micro-pulse lidar and Doppler lidar observations. We access the performance of the DNN with an ensemble of 10 members, each featuring distinct hidden-layer structures, which collectively yield a robust 27-year PBLH dataset over the southern Great Plains from 1994 to 2020. The influence of various meteorological factors on PBLH is rigorously analyzed through the importance test. Moreover, the DNN model's accuracy is evaluated against radiosonde observations and juxtaposed with conventional remote sensing methodologies, including Doppler lidar, ceilometer, Raman lidar, and micro-pulse lidar. The DNN model exhibits reliable performance across diverse conditions and demonstrates lower biases relative to remote sensing methods. In addition, the DNN model, originally trained over a plain region, demonstrates remarkable adaptability when applied to the heterogeneous terrains and climates encountered during the GoAmazon (Green Ocean Amazon; tropical rainforest) and CACTI (Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions; middle-latitude mountain) campaigns. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning models in estimating PBLH, enhancing our understanding of boundary layer processes with implications for improving the representation of PBL in weather forecasting and climate modeling.
Daytime and nighttime aerosol soluble iron formation in clean and slightly polluted moist air in a coastal city in eastern China
Authors: Li Wenshuai , Qi Yuxuan , Liu Yingchen , Wu Guanru , Zhang Yanjing , Shi Jinhui , Qu Wenjun , Sheng Lifang , Wang Wencai , Zhang Daizhou , Zhou Yang
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Photocatalytic reactions during the daytime, alongside aqueous-phase reactions occurring during both daytime and nighttime, are identified as the two primary processes facilitating the conversion of aerosol iron (Fe) from the insoluble state to the soluble state within the atmospheric environment. This study investigated the levels of total Fe (FeT) and soluble Fe (FeS) in PM2.5 samples collected during daytime and nighttime in Qingdao, a coastal city in eastern China, evaluating the distinctive roles of these two pathways in enhancing aerosol Fe solubility (%FeS, defined as the ratio of FeS to FeT). Under clean and humid conditions, characterized by prevailing sea breezes and a relative humidity (RH) typically above 80 %, an average daytime %FeS of 8.7 % was observed, which systematically exceeded the nighttime %FeS (6.3 %). Photochemical conversions involving oxalate contributed to the higher %FeS observed during daytime. Conversely, in scenarios where air masses originated from inland areas and exhibited slightly polluted, daytime %FeS (3.7 %) was noted to be lower than the nighttime %FeS (5.8 %). This discrepancy was attributable to the variations in RH, with nighttime RH averaging around 77 %, conducive to the more efficient generation of acidic compounds, thereby accelerating FeS production compared to the daytime, when RH was only about 62 %. Furthermore, the oxidation rates of sulfur (SOR) displayed a strong correlation with RH, particularly when RH fell below 75 %. A 10 % increase in RH corresponded to a 7.6 % rise in SOR, which served as the primary driver of the higher aerosol acidity and %FeS at night. These findings highlight the RH-dependent activation of aqueous-phase reactions and the augmentation of daytime photocatalysis in the formation of FeS in the coastal moist atmosphere.
Impact of weather patterns and meteorological factors on PM2.5 and O3 responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in China
Authors: Shen Fuzhen , Hegglin Michaela I. , Yuan Yue
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Haze events in the North China Plain (NCP) and a decline in ozone levels in Southern Coast China (SC) from 21 January to 9 February 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown have attracted public curiosity and scholarly attention. Most previous studies focused on the impact of atmospheric chemistry processes associated with anomalous weather elements in these cases, but fewer studies quantified the impact of various weather elements within the context of a specific weather pattern. To identify the weather patterns responsible for inducing this unexpected situation and to further quantify the importance of different meteorological factors during the haze event, two approaches are employed. These approaches implemented the comparisons of observations in 2020 with climatology averaged over the years 2015–2019 with a novel structural SOM (self-organising map) model and with the prediction of the “business as usual” (hereafter referred to as BAU) emission strength by the GBM (gradient-boosting machine) model, respectively. The results reveal that the unexpected PM2.5 pollution and O3 decline from the climatology in NCP and SC could be effectively explained by the presence of a double-centre high-pressure system across China. Moreover, the GBM results provided a quantitative assessment of the importance of each meteorological factor in driving the predictions of PM2.5 and O3 under the specific weather system. These results indicate that temperature played the most crucial role in the haze event in NCP, as well as in the O3 change in SC. This valuable information will ultimately contribute to our ability to predict air pollution under future emission scenarios and changing weather patterns that may be influenced by climate change.
The influences of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on tropospheric ozone in CMIP6 models
Authors: Le Thanh , Kim Seon-Ho , Heo Jae-Yeong , Bae Deg-Hyo
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Ozone in the troposphere is a greenhouse gas and a pollutant; hence, additional understanding of the drivers of tropospheric ozone evolution is essential. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a main climate mode and may contribute to the variations of tropospheric ozone. Nevertheless, there is uncertainty regarding the causal influences of ENSO on tropospheric ozone under a warming environment. Here, we investigated the links between ENSO and tropospheric ozone using Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data over the period 1850–2014. Our results show that ENSO impacts on tropospheric ozone are primarily found over oceans, while the signature of ENSO over continents is largely nonsignificant. Springtime surface ozone is more sensitive to ENSO compared to other seasons. The response of ozone to ENSO may vary depending on specific air pressure levels in the troposphere. These responses are weak in the middle troposphere and are stronger in the upper and lower troposphere. There is high consistency across CMIP6 models in simulating the signature of ENSO on ozone over the lower, middle, and upper troposphere. While the response of tropical tropospheric ozone to ENSO is in agreement with previous works, our results suggest that ENSO impacts on tropospheric ozone over the northern North Pacific, American continent, and the midlatitude regions of the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans might be more significant than previously understood.
Does high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics exhibit hemispheric mirror symmetry?
Authors: Hatch Spencer Mark , Vanhamäki Heikki , Laundal Karl Magnus , Reistad Jone Peter , Burchill Johnathan K. , Lomidze Levan , Knudsen David J. , Madelaire Michael , Tesfaw Habtamu
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Ionospheric electrodynamics is a problem of mechanical stress balance mediated by electromagnetic forces. Joule heating (the total rate of frictional heating of thermospheric gases and ionospheric plasma) and ionospheric Hall and Pedersen conductances comprise three of the most basic descriptors of this problem. More than half a century after identification of their central role in ionospheric electrodynamics, several important questions about these quantities, including the degree to which they exhibit hemispheric symmetry under reversal of the sign of dipole tilt and the sign of the y component of the interplanetary magnetic field (so-called “mirror symmetry”), remain unanswered. While global estimates of these key parameters can be obtained by combining existing empirical models, one often encounters some frustrating sources of uncertainty: the measurements from which such models are derived, usually magnetic field and electric field or ion drift measurements, are typically measured separately and do not necessarily align. The models to be combined moreover often use different input parameters, different assumptions about hemispheric symmetry, and/or different coordinate systems. We eliminate these sources of uncertainty in model predictions of electromagnetic work J⋅E (in general not equal to Joule heating ηJ2) and ionospheric conductances by combining two new empirical models of the high-latitude ionospheric electric potential and ionospheric currents that are derived in a mutually consistent fashion: these models do not assume any form of symmetry between the two hemispheres; are based on Apex magnetic coordinates (denoted Apex), spherical harmonics, and the same model input parameters; and are derived exclusively from convection and magnetic field measurements made by the Swarm and CHAMP satellites. The model source code is open source and publicly available. Comparison of high-latitude distributions of electromagnetic work in each hemisphere as functions of dipole tilt and interplanetary magnetic field clock angle indicates that the typical assumption of mirror symmetry is largely justified. Model predictions of ionospheric Hall and Pedersen conductances exhibit a degree of symmetry, but clearly asymmetric responses to dipole tilt and solar wind driving conditions are also identified. The distinction between electromagnetic work and Joule heating allows us to identify where and under what conditions the assumption that the neutral wind corotates with the Earth is not likely to be physically consistent with predicted Hall and Pedersen conductances.
Long-term fertilization increases soil but not plant or microbial N in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland
Authors: Mendoza-Martinez Violeta , Collins Scott L. , McLaren Jennie R.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Although the negative consequences of increased nitrogen (N) supply for plant communities and soil chemistry are well known, most studies have focused on mesic grasslands, and the fate of added N in arid and semi-arid ecosystems remains unclear. To study the impacts of long-term increased N deposition on ecosystem N pools, we sampled a 26-year-long fertilization (10 g N m−2 yr−1) experiment in the northern Chihuahuan Desert at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in New Mexico. To determine the fate of the added N, we measured multiple soil, microbial, and plant N pools in shallow soils at three time points across the 2020 growing season. We found small but significant increases with fertilization in soil-available NO3--N and NH4+-N, yet the soil microbial and plant communities do not appear to be taking advantage of the increased N availability, with no changes in biomass or N content in either community. However, there were increases in total soil N with fertilization, suggesting increases in microbial or plant N earlier in the experiment. Ultimately, the majority of the N added in this multi-decadal experiment was not found in the shallow soil or the microbial or plant community and is likely to have been lost from the ecosystem entirely.
Validating global horizontal irradiance retrievals from Meteosat SEVIRI at increased spatial resolution against a dense network of ground-based observations
Authors: Wiltink Job Ischa , Deneke Hartwig , Saint-Drenan Yves-Marie , van Heerwaarden Chiel Constantijn , Meirink Jan Fokke
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Accurate and detailed retrieval of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) has many benefits, for instance, in support of the energy transition towards an energy supply with a high share of renewable energy sources and for validating high-resolution weather and climate models. In this study, we apply a downscaling algorithm that combines the High-Resolution Visible and standard-resolution channels onboard MSG-SEVIRI to obtain cloud physical properties and GHI at an increased nadir spatial resolution of 1 x 1 km2 instead of 3 x 3 km2. We validate the change in accuracy of the high-resolution GHI in comparison to the standard-resolution product against ground observations from a unique network of 99 pyranometers deployed during the HOPE field campaign in Jülich, Germany, from 18 April to 22 July 2013. Over the entire duration of the field campaign, a small but statistically significant reduction in root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 2.8 W m-2 is found for the high-resolution GHI at 5-minute scale. The added value of the increased spatial resolution is largest on days when GHI fluctuates strongly: for the ten most variable days a significant reduction of the RMSE by 7.9 W m-2 is obtained with high- versus standard-resolution retrievals. In contrast, we do not find significant differences between both resolutions for clear-sky and fully overcast days. The sensitivity of these results to temporal and spatial averaging scales is studied in detail. Our findings highlight the benefits of spatially dense network observations as well as a cloud-regime resolved approach for the validation of GHI retrievals. We also conclude that more research is needed to optimally exploit the instrumental capabilities of current advanced geostationary satellites in terms of spatial resolution for GHI retrieval.
Non-sea-salt aerosols that contain trace bromine and iodine are widespread in the remote troposphere
Authors: Schill Gregory P. , Froyd Karl D. , Murphy Daniel M. , Williamson Christina J. , Brock Charles , Sherwen Tomás , Evans Mat J. , Ray Eric A. , Apel Eric C. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Hills Alan J. , Peischl Jeff , Ryerson Tomas B. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Bourgeois Ilann , Blake Donald R. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Reactive halogens catalytically destroy O3 and therefore affect (1) stratospheric O3 depletion, and (2) the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. Reactive halogens also partition into the aerosol phase, but what governs halogen-aerosol partitioning is poorly constrained in models. In this work, we present global-scale measurements of non-sea-salt aerosol (nSSA) bromine and iodine taken during the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Using the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry instrument, we found that bromine and iodine are present in 8–26 % (interquartile range, IQR) and 12–44 % (IQR) of accumulation-mode nSSA, respectively. Despite being commonly found in nSSA, the mass concentrations of bromine and iodine in nSSA were low, 0.11–0.57 pmol mol-1 (IQR) and 0.04–0.24 pmol mol-1 (IQR), respectively. In the troposphere, we find two distinct sources of bromine and iodine to nSSA: (1) a primary source from biomass burning, and (2) a pervasive secondary source. In the stratosphere, nSSA bromine and iodine mass increased with increasing O3 concentrations; however, higher concentrations of stratospheric nSSA bromine and iodine were found in organic-rich particles that originated in the troposphere. Finally, we compared our ATom nSSA iodine measurements to the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem; nSSA bromine concentrations could not be compared because they were not tracked in the model. We found that the model compared well to our ATom nSSA iodine measurements in the background atmosphere, but not in the marine boundary layer, biomass burning plumes, or in the stratosphere.
A Multi-site Passive Approach for Studying the Emissions and Evolution of Smoke from Prescribed Fires
Authors: El Asmar Rime , Li Zongrun , Tanner David J. , Hu Yongtao , O’Neill Susan , Huey L. Gregory , Odman M. Talat , Weber Rodney J.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. We conducted a two-year study utilizing a network of fixed sites with sampling throughout an extended prescribed burning period to characterize the emissions and evolution of smoke from silvicultural prescribed burning in the southeastern US. The measurement approach and an assessment of instrument performance is described. Smoke sources are identified, and plume ages are determined to quantify emissions and study the evolution of smoke PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC). Over the 2021 and 2022 prescribed burning seasons (nominally January to May,) we identified 64 smoke events based on high levels of PM2.5 mass, BC, BrC, and carbon monoxide (CO), of which 61 were linked to a specific burning area. Smoke transport times were estimated using the mean wind speed along with distance between fire and measurement site, and with HYSPLIT back trajectories. PM2.5 emission ratios based on ΔPM2.5 mass/ΔCO for fresh smoke (age ≤ 1 hour) ranged between 0.04 and 0.18 µg m-3 ppb-1 with a mean of 0.117 µg m-3 ppb-1 (median of 0.121 µg m-3 ppb-1). Both the mean emission ratio and variability were similar to findings from other prescribed fire studies, but lower than wildfires. Mean emission ratios of BC and BrC were 0.014 µg m-3 ppb-1 and 0.442 Mm-1 ppb-1 respectively. Ozone enhancements (ΔO3) were always observed in plumes detected in the afternoon. ΔPM2.5 mass/ΔCO was observed to increase with plume age in all ozone enhanced plumes suggesting photochemical secondary aerosol formation. In contrast, ΔBrC/ΔCO was not found to vary with plume ages less than 8 hours during photochemically active periods.
Water Vapor Content Retrieval Under Cloudy Sky Conditions From SWIR Satellite Measurements in the Context of C3IEL Space Mission Project
Authors: Peroni Raphaël , Cornet Céline , Pujol Olivier , Penide Guillaume , Pierangelo Clémence , Thieuleux François
Published: June 2024

Abstract. A retrieval algorithm of integrated water vapor content above cloud, using shortwave infrared observations, is developed and evaluated through idealized and realistic atmospheric profiles. Water vapor plays a crucial role in cloud formation and development, particularly those resulting from convective processes. They influence locally the spatiotemporal variability of atmospheric water vapor content, through exchanges between clouds and their immediate environment. Therefore, a better understanding of water vapor content above and around cloud is necessary to improve our comprehension of interactions between water vapor and cloud to better constrain Large-Eddy Simulation and numerical weather forecasting models. The developed algorithm is part of the Cluster for Cloud evolution, ClImatE and Lightning, C3IEL space mission project. This mission, scheduled for 2027 aims to enhance our knowledge of the 3D convective cloud development velocities, the electrical activity associated with convective systems and the water vapor content above and around cloud. The retrieval algorithm presented in this study was achieved through a Bayesian probabilistic approach, the optimal estimation method. The atmosphere was assumed to be composed of homogeneous plane-parallel layers, and synthetic radiance datasets were generated for testing the developed retrieval algorithm. The feasibility of retrieving integrated water vapor content above cloud and over the ocean from SWIR radiances was shown to have a precision of approximately 1 kg.m-2 for optically thick clouds under idealized cloudy sky conditions. Tests using realistic water vapor and cloud extinction profiles that present non-homogeneous vertical distributions show that integrated water vapor content above low/mid-level clouds could be retrieved with a positive bias related to cloud vertical penetration of approximately 2.6 kg.m-2. The algorithm fails for very low water vapor content encountered in the presence of high deep convective clouds.
The ABoVE L-band and P-band airborne synthetic aperture radar surveys
Authors: Miller Charles E. , Griffith Peter C. , Hoy Elizabeth , Pinto Naiara S. , Lou Yunling , Hensley Scott , Chapman Bruce D. , Baltzer Jennifer , Bakian-Dogaheh Kazem , Bolton W. Robert , Bourgeau-Chavez Laura , Chen Richard H. , Choe Byung-Hun , Clayton Leah K. , Douglas Thomas A. , French Nancy , Holloway Jean E. , Hong Gang , Huang Lingcao , Iwahana Go , Jenkins Liza , Kimball John S. , Loboda Tatiana , Mack Michelle , Marsh Philip , Michaelides Roger J. , Moghaddam Mahta , Parsekian Andrew , Schaefer Kevin , Siqueira Paul R. , Singh Debjani , Tabatabaeenejad Alireza , Turetsky Merritt , Touzi Ridha , Wig Elizabeth , Wilson Cathy J. , Wilson Paul , Wullschleger Stan D. , Yi Yonghong , Zebker Howard A. , Zhang Yu , Zhao Yuhuan , Goetz Scott J.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Permafrost-affected ecosystems of the Arctic–boreal zone in northwestern North America are undergoing profound transformation due to rapid climate change. NASA's Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) is investigating characteristics that make these ecosystems vulnerable or resilient to this change. ABoVE employs airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as a powerful tool to characterize tundra, taiga, peatlands, and fens. Here, we present an annotated guide to the L-band and P-band airborne SAR data acquired during the 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2022 ABoVE airborne campaigns. We summarize the ∼80 SAR flight lines and how they fit into the ABoVE experimental design (Miller et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2150). The Supplement provides hyperlinks to extensive maps, tables, and every flight plan as well as individual flight lines. We illustrate the interdisciplinary nature of airborne SAR data with examples of preliminary results from ABoVE studies including boreal forest canopy structure from TomoSAR data over Delta Junction, AK, and the Boreal Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Sites (BERMS) area in northern Saskatchewan and active layer thickness and soil moisture data product validation. This paper is presented as a guide to enable interested readers to fully explore the ABoVE L- and P-band airborne SAR data (https://uavsar.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/data.pl).
Multiyear surface wave dataset from the subsurface “DeepLev” eastern Levantine moored station
Authors: Haim Nir , Grigorieva Vika , Soffer Rotem , Mayzel Boaz , Katz Timor , Alkalay Ronen , Biton Eli , Lazar Ayah , Gildor Hezi , Berman-Frank Ilana , Weinstein Yishai , Herut Barak , Toledo Yaron
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Processed and analyzed sea surface wave characteristics derived from an up-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) for the period 2016–2022 are presented as a dataset available from the public open-access repository of SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) at https://doi.org/10.17882/96904 (Haim et al., 2022). The collected data include full two-dimensional wave fields, along with computed bulk parameters, such as wave heights, periods, and directions of propagation. The ADCP was mounted on the submerged Deep Levantine (DeepLev) mooring station located 50 km off the Israeli coast to the west of Haifa (bottom depth ∼1470 m). It meets the need for accurate and reliable in situ measurements in the eastern Mediterranean Sea as the area significantly lacks wave data compared to other Mediterranean sub-basins. The developed long-term time series of wave parameters contribute to the monitoring and analysis of the region's wave climate and the quality of wind–wave forecasting models.
Functional Specifications and Testing Requirements of Grid-Forming Offshore Wind Power Plants
Authors: Ghimire Sulav , Guerreiro Gabriel M. G. , Vatta Kkuni Kanakesh , Guest Emerson David , Jensen Kim Høj , Yang Guangya , Wang Xiongfei
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Throughout the past few years, various transmission system operators (TSOs) and research institutes have defined several functional specifications for grid-forming (GFM) converters via grid codes, white papers, and technical documents. These institutes and organisations also proposed testing requirements for general inverter-based resources (IBRs) and specific GFM converters. This paper initially reviews functional specifications and testing requirements from several sources to create an understanding of GFM capabilities in general. Furthermore, it proposes an outlook of the defined GFM capabilities, functional specifications, and testing requirements for offshore wind power plant (OF WPP) applications from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) perspective. Finally, this paper briefly establishes the relevance of new testing methodologies for equipment-level certification and model validation, focusing on GFM functional specifications.
A great awakening with many dangers: What has the #MeToo movement achieved?
Authors: McDonald Paula
Published: June 2024

The proliferation of the global #MeToo movement has been a watershed moment, capturing the global imagination and breaking a longstanding and deafening silence on how those in senior, influential positions harass, humiliate, discriminate, marginalise and bully. Drawing on research addressing workplace sexual harassment and recent commentary on the contours of the online movement, this briefing paper examines the achievements, and also the limitations, of #MeToo and the prospects for galvanising substantial, longstanding workplace change.