bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food consumption by NOVA food classification, metabolic outcomes, and barriers to healthy food consumption among university students
Authors: Sekyi Elizabeth , Agyapong Nana Ama Frimpomaa , Eshun Guy
Published: December 2023

The NOVA food classification system is a simple tool that can be used to assess the consumption levels of different categories of foods based on their level of processing. The degree to which food is processed has a significant impact on health outcomes. In Ghana, no study exists on the consumption of the different NOVA food groups among tertiary students and how it relates to their metabolic outcomes. This study assessed the frequency of food intake according to the NOVA classification and how they relate to body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure. The barriers to the consumption of healthy foods among students were also assessed. This was a cross‐sectional study conducted among 352 students of the Takoradi Technical University. Questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic information as well as data on perceived barriers to healthy food consumption. Food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain data on dietary intake. The weight, height, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and blood pressure of all participants were measured. Chi‐square was used to compare categorical variables between males and females and to determine the association between the frequency of food intake according to the NOVA classification and metabolic indicators. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.8%. More than half (51.1%) of the students had elevated blood pressure. The majority of study participants (54.2%) had a high frequency of consumption of both unprocessed and ultra‐processed foods. Male students who frequently consumed ultra‐processed foods (1–6 times/day) had significantly high blood pressure. High consumption of both ultra‐processed and unprocessed foods was also associated with elevated blood pressure among male students. Limited time to prepare healthy meals and the high cost of unprocessed foods were among barriers to which most students strongly agreed to. Establishment of canteens that provide affordable healthy foods, teaching students time management, and nutrition education can mitigate barriers to healthy food consumption.
The advantages of general anesthesia subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease in the enhanced recovery after surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Guo Cunbao , Gao Taihong
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

With advancements in imaging and microelectrode recording techniques, general anesthesia (GA) has emerged as an alternative option for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS). In this study, we compared the advantages and disadvantages of using GA and local anesthesia for STN‐DBS in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).

Methods

Surgical outcomes of STN‐DBS were evaluated using the unified PD rating scales (UPDRS). CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans are used to evaluate intracranial conditions. State‐trait anxiety inventory and hospital anxiety and depression scale are used to evaluate patients' perioperative psychology.

Results

Anesthesia method does not significantly impact the accuracy of microelectrode placement or the improvement of postoperative symptoms. However, the local anesthesia group had a higher incidence of intracranial air, as well as higher rates of postoperative complications such as headache, dizziness, vomiting, and delirium. GA effectively alleviated preoperative anxiety and resulted in lower levels of perioperative anxiety and psychological stress compared to local anesthesia. Additionally, the GA group had shorter surgery duration, earlier ambulation, and a shorter average hospital stay.

Conclusion

DBS under GA is safe and effective. Due to shorter surgical duration, reduced occurrence of perioperative complications, effective reduction of preoperative anxiety, and faster postoperative recovery, DBS under GA is better aligned with the concept of ERAS.
Physical modeling and numerical investigation of fluid flow and solidification behavior in a slab caster mold using hexa‐furcated nozzle
Authors: Sharma Kapil Kumar , Kumar Rajneesh , Jha Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2023

Slag entrapment from metal–slag interface during continuous casting operations has been a major area of concern for steelmakers globally. The presence of inactive regions in the upper region of the mold poses another challenge. Proper flow behavior of the molten metal coming out of the nozzle in the mold is required to overcome these challenges. Nozzle design greatly affects the flow pattern of the molten steel inside the mold. The present investigation is an attempt to study the flow and solidification behavior in a slab caster mold with the use of a novel‐designed hexa‐furcated nozzle using numerical investigation results. The casting speed and submerged entry nozzle (SEN) depth are varied to study the effect of these parameters on minimizing the inactive zones in the mold and the steel/slag interface fluctuations. The results show that the interface fluctuation increases at higher casting speed and lower SEN depth. The residence time distribution (RTD) analysis was also performed for different cases to investigate the flow behavior. The validation of the fluid flow and RTD curve inside the computational domain is carried out with the use of physical modeling.
Victimization and cybervictimization: The role of school factors
Authors: Menabò Laura , Skrzypiec Grace , Slee Phillip , Guarini Annalisa
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Victimization and cybervictimization can negatively affect the subjective experience of well‐being. This effect can be mediated by school factors, even if a deep understanding of these factors still needs to be determined. The present study examined how peer network, teacher support, and school connectedness mediated the relationship between victimization, cybervictimization, and well‐being. We developed two mediation models, considering victimization (Model 1) and cybervictimization (Model 2) as predictors, well‐being as the outcome, peer network, teacher support, and school connectedness as parallel mediators, and gender as a covariate variable.

Methods

The sample comprised 563 Italian students (Mage = 11.5; 45% females). Students filled out a purpose‐built questionnaire investigating victimization and cybervictimization, peer network, teacher support, school connectedness, and well‐being. Two multiple mediation models were run using Process.

Results

The two models showed similar patterns [Model 1: F(8, 169) = 34.35, p ≤ .001, R2 = .34; Model 2: F(8, 169) = 40.13, p ≤ .001, R2 = .34]. Indeed, victimization (Model 1) and cybervictimization (Model 2) had negative significant effects on peer network, teacher support, and school connectedness. However, their direct effects on well‐being were not significant, as peer network and school connectedness emerged as complete mediators between victimization (Model 1) and cybervictimization (Model 2) and well‐being. Males displayed higher levels of well‐being compared to females.

Conclusions

Peer network and school connectedness play a crucial role in mediating the impact of victimization and cybervictimization on well‐being. Educators and policymakers should prioritize fostering supportive peer network and strengthening school connectedness to create an environment that mitigates the negative effects of victimization and cybervictimization, enhancing overall student well‐being.
Association of neighborhood opportunity and pediatric hospitalization rates in the United States
Authors: Carroll Alison R. , Hall Matt , Noelke Clemens , Ressler Robert W. , Brown Charlotte M. , Spencer Katherine S. , Bell Deanna S. , Williams Derek J. , Fritz Cristin Q.
Published: December 2023

We examined associations between a validated, multidimensional measure of social determinants of health and population‐based hospitalization rates among children <18 years across 18 states from the 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and the US Census. The exposure was ZIP code‐level Child Opportunity Index (COI), a composite measure of neighborhood resources and conditions that matter for children's health. The cohort included 614,823 hospitalizations among a population of 29,244,065 children (21.02 hospitalizations per 1000). Adjusted hospitalization rates decreased significantly and in a stepwise fashion as COI increased (p < .001 for each), from 26.56 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.41–26.71) in very low COI areas to 14.76 per 1000 (95% CI 14.66–14.87) in very high COI areas (incidence rate ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.78–1.81). Decreasing neighborhood opportunity was associated with increasing hospitalization rates among children in 18 US states. These data underscore the importance of social context and community‐engaged solutions for health systems aiming to eliminate care inequities.
Innovative nanotechnology‐based sustainable food packaging: A brief review
Authors: Pathiraja Aseni Sahasri , Munaweera Imalka
Published: December 2023

Food packaging has currently become an essential element in the world to address the rising demand for high‐quality food and to overcome the key challenges of sustainable food management while minimizing food waste. Nanotechnology, an emerging and versatile field, plays a main role in offering tremendous benefits for innovative food packaging with the aim of preserving food quality, prolonging shelf life and avoiding post‐harvest losses. Nanomaterials are incorporated into synthetic polymers or biopolymer matrices in order to escalate mechanical and barrier functionalities of polymer and are effectively utilized in food packaging. This article reviews the various types of nanomaterials used for food packaging and the specific properties provided by each, while briefly explaining the active and intelligent packaging. Finally, an outlook on the future perspectives, toxicity effects and the novelty of nanotechnology‐based food packaging is provided while addressing the major concerns in the field for safeguarding food production and loss prevention.
Inequities in global cancer surgery: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Ranganathan Priya , Dare Anna , Harrison Ewen M , Kingham T Peter , Mutebi Miriam , Parham Groesbeck , Sullivan Richard , Pramesh C. S.
Published: December 2023

The disparity in access to and quality of surgical cancer care between high and low resource settings impacts immediate and long‐term oncological outcomes. With cancer incidence and mortality set to increase rapidly in the next few decades, we examine the factors leading to inequities in global cancer surgery, and look at potential solutions to overcome these challenges.
Clinical, functional, and patient‐reported outcomes of radial forearm versus anterolateral thigh free tissue transfer for reconstruction of glossectomy defects
Authors: Zhang Kevin K. , Graziano Francis D. , Cohen Zack , Cunningham Louise , Ali Barkat , Coleman‐Belin Janet , Kim Minji , Haglich Kathryn , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Matros Evan , Shahzad Farooq , Nelson Jonas A. , Allen Robert J.
Published: December 2023

Background

There is a lack of literature of health‐related quality of life endpoints for radial forearm (RF) versus anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap reconstruction for glossectomy defects. Our goal was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, functional, and quality of life outcomes after glossectomy reconstruction using a RF or ALT flap.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent glossectomy and immediate reconstruction with RF or ALT flaps between 2016 and 2021. Outcomes of interest included readmission and reoperation rates, functional assessments, tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube status, and FACE‐Q Head and Neck Cancer scores.

Results

Seventy‐eight patients consisting of 54 RF and 24 ALT free flaps were included. ALT patients had a larger median flap size (72 vs. 48 cm2, p = 0.021) and underwent mandibulotomy (50% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.0001) and base of tongue resection (58.3% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.005) at higher rates. No significant differences were found with respect to other outcomes.

Conclusion

The RF and ALT flaps are suitable for glossectomy reconstruction, with minimal differences seen in postoperative outcomes. Our study suggests that ALT can be used in patients with base of tongue and larger defect sizes, while providing similar functional and clinical outcomes to RF reconstruction.
Reconfigurable and Programmable Space Channels for Non‐Reciprocal Electromagnetic Transmissions by Active Metasurfaces
Authors: Yu Wang Shi , Bo Li Yun , Zhang Qian Wei , Li He , He Hao Han , Liu Yong Han , Cui Tie Jun
Published: December 2023

The Control of spatial electromagnetic (EM) waves has always been an attractive prospect, especially with the emergence of metasurfaces, which introduce additional manipulating methods and degrees of freedom. In this paper, a design is proposed to realize reconfigurable and programmable space channels for non‐reciprocal transmissions of EM waves through the use of active metasurface. The layout of the chessboard pattern is preferred for constructing the metasurface, which is composed of two kinds of meta‐atoms. One type of meta‐atom is independently controlled for the transmission gain, attenuation, and phase shift, while the other type is independently controlled for the transmission attenuation and phase shift only. The use of power amplifiers (PAs) to achieve transmission gain in the meta‐atoms can actualize the performance of non‐reciprocal transmissions. The programmable operations of phase shift and attenuation in meta‐atoms can dynamically establish varied spatial channels. A prototype of the active metasurface is fabricated and measured. In the measurements, multiple types of reconfigurable and programmable non‐reciprocal transmission channels are observed clearly, verifying the validity of the proposed method.
Transmission–Reflection‐Integrated Metasurface with Simultaneous Amplitude and Phase Controls of Circularly Polarized Waves in Full Space
Authors: Sun Shi , Ma Hui Feng , Chen Yue Teng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: December 2023

In recent years, manipulations of amplitudes and phases of circularly polarized (CP) waves using metasurfaces have attracted significant attention. However, most of the current works are limited to operating in reflection or transmission space, and the amplitude manipulations are mainly achieved through polarization conversion or resistive loss, which will inevitably lead to cross‐polarization pollution and energy waste. Here, a transmission–reflection‐integrated metasurface that can manipulate the amplitudes and phases of the CP waves simultaneously in full space, which can not only realize arbitrary amplitude allocation of transmitted and reflected CP waves but also independently manipulate their phase responses is proposed. As proofs of concept, two integrated metasurfaces are designed and demonstrated, including a CP reflectarray antenna with simultaneously low side‐lobe level and low cross‐polarization level, and a meta‐grating that can arbitrarily control the intensity of transmitted diffraction wave while focusing the reflected wave. Both simulated and measured results agree very well with the theoretical predictions, demonstrating the powerful ability of the proposed metasurface to control the CP waves in full space, which is promising to be applied in future satellite communications, photonic meta‐devices, and so on.
Achieving Nearly Quantitative (∼100%) IQE and 42.3% EQE Across NIR‐I and NIR‐II Regions with Cr3+‐doped Cs2NaScCl6 under 300 nm Excitation
Authors: Zhao Chunli , Gao Yuan , Wang Jing , Qiu Jianbei
Published: December 2023

Lead‐free rare‐earth‐based perovskites have received widespread attention for their unique optical properties, although achieving efficient broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission with these materials remains a challenge. Here the synthesis of a rare earth‐based double perovskite (Cs2NaScCl6) by an improved solid phase method is reported. The doping of Cr3+ led to the formation of [CrCl6]3− octahedron, which exhibited a broadband NIR emission peaked at 950 nm and a half‐peak width of 162 nm. It is worth noting that with the same actual Cr3+ content, the luminous intensity of Cs2NaScCl6 synthesized by the improved solid‐phase synthesis is four times higher than the product synthesized by the hydrothermal method. an efficient Cl−‐Cr3+ charge transfer sensitization facilitated by localized electrons in [CrCl6]3− octahedron is the mechanism for the strong NIR emission of Cr3+ is proposed. Calculations based on density functional theory and Bader charge analysis support the notion that electrons in [CrCl6]3− octahedrons are strongly localized in Cs2NaScCl6:Cr3+, which is conducive to the Cl−–Cr3+ charge transfer process, resulting the internal quantum efficiency of 100% and external quantum yield as 42.3%. The highly efficient ultra‐broadband NIR emission with excellent stability offers many opportunities for applications in the field of NIR night vision and bio‐imaging.
The Effect of a Low Degree of Fluorine Substitution on Cotton Fiber Properties
Authors: Kuperman Ofir Aharon , de Andrade Peterson , Terlier Tanguy , Kirkensgaard Jacob Judas Kain , Field Robert A. , Natalio Filipe
Published: December 2023

Cellulose modification often employs chemical processes to tailor its properties and functionalities to fit the demands of a wide range of applications, maximizing its potential as a versatile and sustainable material. From both synthetic and environmental standpoints, one of the ultimate goals is to achieve significant modifications to enhance the end properties of the cellulose while minimizing the number of modified building blocks. The current study demonstrates that a synthetic glucose derivative, 6‐deoxy‐6‐fluoro‐glucose (6F‐Glc), fed into the fertilized cotton ovules, resulted in the accumulation of fluorine inside the cotton fibers with no apparent alteration to their morphology or development. These fibers exhibited a degree of substitution of 0.006, which is 170 times lower than that reported for chemical methods for cellulose modification. However, the physical characterization of the modified fibers showed a surprisingly large impact of this low‐level modification on the cellulose structure (e.g., hydrogen bonding network rearrangement) and a modest increase in the mechanical properties of the fibers. The obtained results exemplify the use of biological systems to introduce low quantities of new functionalities while maximizing the impact on fiber properties.
First preimplantation genetic testing case of Meckel syndrome with a novel homozygous TXNDC15 variant in a non‐consanguineous Chinese family
Authors: Xu Huiling , Pu Jiajie , Yang Ningjie , Wu Zhengzhong , Han Chanlin , Yao Jilong , Li Xuemei
Published: December 2023

Background

Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a perinatally lethal, genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive condition caused by defective primary cilium formation. So far, the association of TXNDC15‐related MKS has been reported in only five independent families from diverse ethnic origins, including Saudi, Pakistani, Estonian, and Indian. Here, we report a fetus diagnosed with MKS at 12 weeks, exhibiting typical ultrasound findings.

Methods

Low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing was used to identify chromosomal abnormalities. Trio‐base whole exome sequencing (trio‐WES) was performed to investigate the potential pathogenic variants associated with MKS. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT‐M) was applied to prevent the transmission of the pathogenic variant.

Results

A novel homozygous pathogenic variant in the TXNDC15 gene was identified through trio‐WES. The application of PGT‐M successfully prevented the transmission of the pathogenic variant and resulted in an ongoing pregnancy.

Conclusion

This is the first report of a TXNDC15 variant in the Chinese population and the first PGT case of TXNDC15‐related MKS worldwide. The successful application of PGT‐M in this family provides a potential approach for other monogenic diseases. Our case expands the variant spectrum of TXNDC15 and contributes to the molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling for MKS. This case underscores the importance of appropriate genetic testing methods and accurate genetic counseling in the diagnosis of rare monogenic diseases.
Fluid suppression in amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) CEST imaging: New theoretical insights and clinical benefits
Authors: Schüre Jan‐Rüdiger , Casagranda Stefano , Sedykh Maria , Liebig Patrick , Papageorgakis Christos , Mancini Laura , Bisdas Sotirios , Nichelli Lucia , Pinter Nandor , Mechtler Laszlo , Jafari Ramin , Boddaert Nathalie , Dangouloff‐Ros Volodia , Poujol Julie , Schmidt Manuel , Doerfler Arnd , Zaiss Moritz
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) MRI at 3T provides a unique contrast for brain tumor imaging. However, APTw imaging suffers from hyperintensities in liquid compartments such as cystic or necrotic structures and provides a distorted APTw signal intensity. Recently, it has been shown that heuristically motivated fluid suppression can remove such artifacts and significantly improve the readability of APTw imaging.

Theory and Methods

In this work, we show that the fluid suppression can actually be understood by the known concept of spillover dilution, which itself can be derived from the Bloch‐McConnell equations in comparison to the heuristic approach. Therefore, we derive a novel post‐processing formula that efficiently removes fluid artifact, and explains previous approaches. We demonstrate the utility of this APTw assessment in silico, in vitro, and in vivo in brain tumor patients acquired at MR scanners from different vendors.

Results

Our results show a reduction of the CEST signals from fluid environments while keeping the APTw‐CEST signal intensity almost unchanged for semi‐solid tissue structures such as the contralateral normal appearing white matter. This further allows us to use the same color bar settings as for conventional APTw imaging.

Conclusion

Fluid suppression has considerable value in improving the readability of APTw maps in the neuro‐oncological field. In this work, we derive a novel post‐processing formula from the underlying Bloch‐McConnell equations that efficiently removes fluid artifact, and explains previous approaches which justify the derivation of this metric from a theoretical point of view, to reassure the scientific and medical field about its use.
The brain, gut, and bladder health nexus: A conceptual model linking stress and mental health disorders to overactive bladder in women
Authors: Smith Ariana L. , Berry Amanda , Brubaker Linda , Cunningham Shayna D. , Gahagan Sheila , Kane Low Lisa , Mueller Margaret , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Williams Beverly R. , Brady Sonya S. ,   the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium
Published: December 2023

Objective

A small, but growing literature links stressors and mental health disorders (MHDs) across the life course to overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence symptoms. Mechanisms by which stressors and MHDs may impact bladder health are not fully understood, limiting novel prevention and treatment efforts. Moreover, potential biopsychosocial mechanisms involving the brain and gut have not been considered in an integrated, comprehensive fashion.

Methods

Members of the prevention of lower urinary tract symptoms Research Consortium developed conceptual models to inform research on biopsychosocial mechanisms through which stress and MDHs may impact bladder health among girls and women, focusing on brain and gut physiology.

Results

Two conceptual models were developed—one to explain central (brain‐based) and peripheral (gut‐based) mechanisms linking stressors and MHDs to OAB and bladder health, and one to highlight bidirectional communication between the brain, gut, and bladder. Traumatic events, chronic stressors, and MHDs may lead to a maladaptive stress response, including dysregulated communication and signaling between the brain, gut, and bladder. Gut bacteria produce molecules and metabolites that alter production of neurotransmitters, amino acids, short‐chain fatty acids, and inflammatory immune response molecules that mediate communication between the gut and brain. Microbiota signal neurogenesis, microglia maturation, and synaptic pruning; they also calibrate brain–gut–bladder axis communication through neurotransmission and synaptogenesis, potentially influencing bladder symptom development. Life course trajectories of risk may be prevented or interrupted by central and peripheral resources for neuropsychological resilience.

Conclusions

Depicted pathways, including brain–gut–bladder communication, have implications for research and development of novel prevention and treatment approaches.
Practical alternating least squares for tensor ring decomposition
Authors: Yu Yajie , Li Hanyu
Published: December 2023

Tensor ring (TR) decomposition has been widely applied as an effective approach in a variety of applications to discover the hidden low‐rank patterns in multidimensional and higher‐order data. A well‐known method for TR decomposition is the alternating least squares (ALS). However, solving the ALS subproblems often suffers from high cost issue, especially for large‐scale tensors. In this paper, we provide two strategies to tackle this issue and design three ALS‐based algorithms. Specifically, the first strategy is used to simplify the calculation of the coefficient matrices of the normal equations for the ALS subproblems, which takes full advantage of the structure of the coefficient matrices of the subproblems and hence makes the corresponding algorithm perform much better than the regular ALS method in terms of computing time. The second strategy is to stabilize the ALS subproblems by QR factorizations on TR‐cores, and hence the corresponding algorithms are more numerically stable compared with our first algorithm. Extensive numerical experiments on synthetic and real data are given to illustrate and confirm the above results. In addition, we also present the complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.
Direct and indirect predictors of postpartum depression symptoms among indigenous Bedouin mothers in Israel
Authors: Alfayumi‐Zeadna Samira , Ghalion Huda Abu , O'Rourke Norm , Azbarga Zuya , Daoud Nihaya
Published: December 2023

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and complex phenomenon with negative outcomes for children, women and their families. This study set out to identify both direct and indirect predictors of PPD symptoms among indigenous Bedouin mothers in Israel. The study included 305 women, 18 to 45 years of age, who were interviewed while pregnant and again, 2 to 4 months postpartum. Interviews were conducted in Arabic and included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, administered at both points of measurement. Using path analyses, we identified four significant, direct predictors of PPD symptoms. The strongest was depressive symptoms when pregnant, followed by low relative income, low hemoglobin, and number of prior miscarriages. The latter was significantly associated with consanguinity, meaning that women married to a first cousin experienced more miscarriages which, in turn, increased PPD risk. Low relative income was the only variable that had both a direct and indirect effect upon PPD symptoms (via symptoms of depression when pregnant and hemoglobin). Education and polygamy also emerged as indirect predictors of PPD via depressive symptoms reported during pregnancy. Results suggest a high rate of PPD in this perinatal sample of indigenous women. Our findings underscore the need for tailored interventions to reduce PPD, especially for low‐income Bedouin women, faced with many barriers and insufficient access to healthcare services.
Psycho‐oncologists’ experiences with video consultations during the Covid‐19 pandemic and implications for the future—a multi‐methods study
Authors: Schuster Lara , Führes Hannah , Wandke Svenja , Thomas Mareike , Scholl Isabelle
Published: December 2023

Objective

During the Covid‐19 pandemic, there has been a substantial uptake of telemental health interventions. Consequently, the objective of this study was to assess psycho‐oncologists’ attitudes toward and experiences with video consultations (VC) since the beginning of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Additionally, we sought to investigate psycho‐oncologists’ perspectives on the benefits and drawbacks of VC and its' potential implementation beyond the pandemic.

Methods

We used a multi‐methods study design. First, semi‐structured interviews with psycho‐oncologists (N = 6) were conducted to inform the development of a cross‐sectional online survey, which represented the quantitative part of our study. We invited psycho‐oncologists, working in different settings, from all over Germany to participate.

Results

Data of N = 217 participants (88% female, 49% over 10 years work experience) of the online survey was analyzed. Psycho‐oncologists’ acceptance toward VC was average to high. In their daily practice, they preferred in‐person consultations. Improved access to care and enhanced flexibility were seen as main advantages. The most significant disadvantages included technical issues, privacy concerns at home, loss of non‐verbal cues and absence of physical presence for emotional support. Nevertheless, on average, psycho‐oncologists wanted to continue seeing approximately 25% of their patients via VC in the future.

Conclusions

Given the average to high acceptance of VC among psycho‐oncologists and their desire to continue using VC flexibly even after the pandemic, it may be beneficial to implement VC into future psycho‐oncology services. Still, future research should focus on the patients' perspective and the effectiveness of VC in psycho‐oncology services.
Plasma polymerization of allyltrimethylsilane with single‐filament dielectric‐barrier discharges—Evidence of cationic surface processes
Authors: Bröcker Lars , Winzer Tristan , Steppan Nickolas , Benedikt Jan , Klages Claus‐Peter
Published: December 2023

Atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐enhanced film deposition with single‐filament dielectric‐barrier discharges (DBDs) in argon was investigated using allyltrimethylsilane (ATMS) as a precursor. Nonionic deposition in the discharge zone is largely precluded by a rapid cross‐flow of the source gas, containing between 50 and 2000 ppm of ATMS. The performed experimental studies show a surprisingly large deposited film mass per transferred elementary charge between 220 and 540 amu. Film growth experiments, mass‐spectrometric studies, and kinetic considerations led to the conclusion that the deposition process is a cationic surface polymerization, initiated by ions produced in the DBD by energy transfer from long‐lived excited Ar species and propagated by addition of ATMS monomer molecules.
Side effects of X‐ray irradiation on flight ability of Cydia pomonella moth
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Wang , Zhang Jing‐Han , Wei Zi‐Han , Yang Xian‐Ming , Wang Xing‐Ya , Yang Xue‐Qing
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven to be an effective approach in managing the population of major invasive pests. Our previous studies showed that irradiation of Cydia pomonella males at a dosage of 366 Gy X‐rays resulted in complete sterility. However, the mating competitiveness of sterilized males is significantly compromised, which can be attributed to a decline in their ability to fly.

RESULTS

In this study, we examined the flight patterns of both male and female adults of C. pomonella. The results revealed significant variations in the average flight speed of both genders at different stages of maturity, with females displaying longer flight duration and covering greater distances. Effect of irradiation on the flight performance of 3‐day‐old male moths was further evaluated, as they demonstrated the longest flight distance. The findings indicated a significant decrease in flight distance, duration, and average speed, due to wing deformities caused by irradiation, which also limited the dispersal distance of moths in orchards, as indicated by the mark‐and‐recapture assay. Reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a down‐regulation of flight‐related genes such as Flightin, myosin heavy chain, and Distal‐less following radiation exposure.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate that X‐ray irradiation at a radiation dose of 366 Gy has a detrimental effect on the flight ability of male C. pomonella adults. These insights not only contribute to a better understanding of how radiation sterilization diminishes the mating competitiveness of male moths, but also aid in the development and improvement of SIT practices for the effective control of C. pomonella. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of HY‐2B SMR radiance assimilation on CMA global medium‐range weather forecasts
Authors: Li Zeting , Han Wei
Published: December 2023

The Chinese second ocean dynamic environment satellite Haiyang‐2B (HY‐2B) was successfully launched on October 25, 2018, carrying a scanning microwave radiometer (SMR) to provide information about the ocean and atmosphere. For the first time, this study investigated the impact of radiance data from the HY‐2B SMR in the four‐dimensional variational (4DVar) data assimilation system of the Global Forecast System developed by the China Meteorology Administration (CMA‐GFS). Prior to the radiance assimilation, we evaluated the data quality and developed suitable quality control (QC) procedures for the HY‐2B SMR observations. In addition, the cloud liquid water path (CLWP) and ocean wind speed (OWS) were introduced as new bias correction (BC) predictors to remove the systematic bias originating from the forward operator in the CMA‐GFS 4DVar system. The assimilation effects of SMR observations were evaluated through one‐month cycling experiments. Verification with independent observations and reanalysis data has demonstrated that assimilating SMR clear‐sky radiance can greatly reduce the analysis errors for temperature and humidity, while indirectly improving the quality of wind analysis. Furthermore, significant improvements in geopotential height forecasts were found for days 1–5 in the lower troposphere of the tropical region.
Responsive soft actuators with MXene nanomaterials
Authors: Ma Shaoshuai , Xue Pan , Tang Yuqi , Bi Ran , Xu Xinhua , Wang Ling , Li Quan
Published: December 2023

Compared with traditional rigid actuators, soft actuators exhibit a large number of advantages, including enhanced flexibility, reconfigurability, and adaptability, which motivate us to develop artificial soft actuators with widespread applications. Soft actuators with MXene nanomaterials are regarded as highly promising candidates for advancing the development of bioinspired soft robotics as a consequence of their unprecedented physicochemical characteristics, such as high electronic conductivity, thermal conductivity, photothermal conversion capability, and abundant surface functional groups. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advancement of soft actuators with MXene nanomaterials and their extensive applications from the perspective of bioinspiration is provided. First, synthetic methods of MXene and their properties are briefly summarized. Subsequently, soft actuators with MXene nanomaterials (including photoresponsive soft actuators, electroresponsive soft actuators, and chemoresponsive soft actuators) are sequentially investigated with a focus on the fabrication approaches, actuation properties, underlying mechanisms, and promising applications. At the end, the future challenges and opportunities for the rapid development of soft actuators with MXene nanomaterials are discussed.
Research on the adsorption rule of porous media on supersaturated total dissolved gas
Authors: Wang Chonglin , Yuan Youquan , Feng Jingjie , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Yuanming , Li Ran
Published: December 2023

Discharge of high dams may result in supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) in water, which could cause fish that live downstream river to suffer from gas bubble disease. If supersaturated TDG water was taken as a water source for breeding and proliferation stations, farmed fish was confined and may face more severe problems than fish living in the river. Therefore, it is critical to develop strategies to reduce the negative effects of supersaturated TDG. In this research, the adsorption effect of porous media on supersaturated TDG was explored, including biofilter adsorption experiments and previously existing activated carbon adsorption experiments. The experimental results showed that adding porous media to the water effectively accelerated the dissipation of supersaturated TDG, and the adsorption effect was associated with the specific surface area, mass density, and initial TDG saturation. To quantitively evaluate the adsorption effects of the porous media, the porous adsorption coefficient was proposed to express the adsorption rate of porous media on supersaturated TDG. The porous adsorption coefficient was related to the initial TDG saturation and the specific surface area of the porous media. The porous adsorption coefficient increased with increasing the specific surface area and decreasing initial TDG saturation. Based on this, an equation related to the specific surface area, initial TDG saturation, and the porous adsorption coefficient was developed. This equation may be used to evaluate the adsorption effect of porous media on supersaturated TDG. This study could serve as a crucial resource in reducing the adverse impacts of supersaturated TDG.
Water level recognition based on deep learning and character interpolation strategy for stained water gauge
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Li Zhong , Zhang Yanwei , An Guocheng
Published: December 2023

Due to the diversity of climate and environment in China, the frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events has brought great challenges to flood prevention. Water level measurement is one of the important research topics of flood prevention. Recently, the image‐based water level recognition method has become an important part of water level measurement research due to its advantages in easy installation, low cost, and zero need of manual reading. However, there are two mainly shortcomings of the existing image‐based water level recognition methods: (1) severely affected by light intensity and (2) low accuracy of water level recognition for stained water gauges. To solve these two problems, this paper proposes a water level recognition method in consideration of complex scenarios. This method first uses a semantic segmentation convolutional neural network to extract the water gauge mask, and then uses the YOLOv5 object detection network to extract the letter “E” on the water gauge. Based on the character sequence inspection strategy, the algorithm dynamically compensates for the missed detection of characters of stained water gauges. Through a large number of experiments, the proposed water level measurement method has good robustness in complex scenarios, meeting the needs of flash flood defense.
A PVC‐Membrane Cationic Surfactant Sensitive Potentiometric Sensor: Potentiometric Determination of Dodecyltrimethyl Ammonium Ion
Authors: Yalcin Belgin , Coldur Fatih , Caglar Bulent , Topcu Cihan
Published: December 2023

A potentiometric poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane cationic surfactant‐selective sensor based on a dodecyltrimethylammonium‐phosphotungstate ion pair as an electroactive material was suggested for the determination of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Membrane optimization studies revealed that the PVC membrane in the composition of 0.5 % dodecyltrimethylammonium‐phosphotungstate ion pair, 69.5 % o‐nitrophenyloctylether and 30.0 % PVC displayed the best potentiometric performance properties. The sensor exhibited a linear response to dodecyltrimethylammonium ions in the concentration range of 1.0×10−6–1.0×10−2 mol L−1 with a detection limit and sensitivity of 5.0×10−7 mol L−1 and 56.6 mV/decade, respectively. The response of the sensor to dodecyltrimethylammonium cation was quite stable, sensitive, selective and rapid (<10 s). The life span of the sensor was found to be about 3 months. The analytical applications of the sensor were successfully carried out with the developed sensor as an indicator electrode for the determination of the end‐point of dodecyltrimethylammonium ions titration and dodecyltrimethylammonium contents of synthetic water samples.
Synergistic Aqueous Biphasic Separation of No‐Carrier‐Added 71,72As from a Gallium Oxide Target Using Green Tea Polyphenols
Authors: Mitra Sayantani , Naskar Nabanita , Lahiri Susanta , Chaudhuri Punarbasu
Published: December 2023

Environmentally benign aqueous biphasic separation (ABS) techniques have been developed to separate no‐carrier added (NCA) 71,72As from 46 MeV α‐particles irradiated gallium oxide target. Catechins were isolated from green tea leaves as a nature resourced chemical. Efficacy of catechins on aqueous biphasic separation of NCA 71,72As from bulk gallium was studied at best conditions and found that catechin acted as synergistic agent in the ABS system. Bulk gallium was preferentially extracted into the PEG+ catechins phase (wherein 2 M Na‐malonate was used as salt‐rich phase) with a separation factor of 2.06×103 leaving 71,72As in the salt rich phase. At this condition, 90 % 71,72As was retained in the salt rich phase with bulk gallium contamination less than 0.5 %.
Exploring the Hydrogen Storage Performance of MgH2 Catalyzed by Two Transition Metals Ni and Co by In‐situ Calorimetry and Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Yu Hao , Fu Yuanyi , Jian Congcong , Xi Senliang , Han Zongying , Fu Min , Chen Wei , Yang Yanru , Ning Liangmin , Gao Meng
Published: December 2023

Addressing the drawbacks of magnesium‐based hydrogen storage materials with high thermal stability and slow kinetics of hydrogen absorption and discharge remains a current research challenge. In this paper, MgH2 catalyzed by Ni and Co has been prepared by ball milling. The hydrogen storage performance of the 90MgH2+5Ni+5Co composite has been investigated using common techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pressure‐composition‐isothermal (PCI) method. Furthermore, the main focus of the study was to investigate the changes in dehydrogenation enthalpy of MgH2 upon addition of Ni and Co, and the bonding mode during the dehydrogenation process of MgH2 and the dissociation energy barrier of hydrogen molecules on the surface of Mg were calculated using density functional theory. The results showed that the dehydrogenation activation energy of 90MgH2+5Ni+5Co decreased by 55.9 kJ/mol compared with that of MgH2. The dehydrogenation enthalpies of as‐milled MgH2 and 90MgH2+5Ni+5Co were 64.8 kJ/mol H2 and 63.4 kJ/mol H2, respectively. Thus the co‐doping of Ni and Co contributed significantly to decrease the thermodynamic stability and improve the hydrogen sorption kinetic properties of MgH2.
Multifunctional Effects of Biguanide Derivative in the Application of Highly Efficient Tin‐Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Tengfei , Zhang Yang , Liu Xufu , Bi Dongqin
Published: December 2023

Tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) mixed perovskites is beneficial to a single‐junction or all‐perovskite tandem device. However, the poor quality of the perovskite surface resulting from Sn2+ oxidation and uncontrollable crystallization degrades device performance and stability. Herein, based on interface engineering, a novel biguanide derivative of PZBGACl is employed that integrates different types of N‐related groups to reconstruct the surface/grain boundaries of Sn‐Pb perovskite. Combined with the microcorrosion effect of isopropanol solvent, PZBGACl can induce surface recrystallization of perovskite, and passivate various types of defects via hydrogen bond or Lewis acid‐base interaction, leading to an excellent perovskite film with reduced stress, larger grain size, and more n‐type surface. As a result, the obtained Sn‐Pb solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 22.0%, and exhibits excellent N2 storage/operation stability.
Synergistic Integration of Amorphous Cobalt Phosphide with a Conductive Channel for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Qi Ruikai , Wang Zhiwei , Zhong Mengxiao , Wang Ce , Bai Fuquan , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: December 2023

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) is regarded as a viable alternative reaction to “Haber Bosch” process. Nevertheless, it remains a major challenge to explore economical and efficient electrocatalysts that deliver high NH3 yield rates and Faraday efficiencies (FE). Here, it demonstrates the fabrication of a 3D core‐shell structured Co‐carbon nanofibers (CNF)/ZIF‐CoP for NO3RR application. Benefitting from the distinct electron transport property of Co‐CNF and desirable mass transfer ability from amorphous CoP framework, the as‐prepared Co‐CNF/ZIF‐CoP exhibits large NH3 FE (96.8 ± 3.4% at −0.1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and high yield rate (38.44 ± 0.65 mg cm−2 h−1 at −0.6 V vs RHE), which are better than Co‐CNF/ZIF‐crystal CoP. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that amorphous CoP presents a lower energy barrier in the rate determination step of the protonation of *NO to produce *NOH intermediates compared with crystal CoP, resulting in a superior NO3RR performance. Eventually, an aqueous galvanic Zn–NO3− battery is assembled by using Co‐CNF/ZIF‐CoP as cathode material to achieve efficient production of NH3 whilst simultaneously supplying electrical power. This work offers a reliable strategy to construct amorphous metal phosphide framework on conducting CNF as efficient electrocatalyst and enriches its promising application for NO3RR.
Constructing Carbon Nanotube‐Enhanced Ultra‐Thin Organic Compounds with Multi‐Redox Sites for “All‐Temperature” Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode and its Step‐Wise K‐Storage Mechanism
Authors: Peng Qianqian , Sun Yi , Wang Lei , Dong Hanghang , Wang Haichao , Xiao Yao , Chou Shulei , Xu Yi , Wang Yong , Chen Shuangqiang
Published: December 2023

Organic compounds are regarded as important candidates for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) due to their light elements, controllable polymerization, and tunable functional groups. However, intrinsic drawbacks largely restrict their application, including possible solubility in electrolytes, poor conductivity, and low diffusion coefficients. To address these issues, an ultrathin layered pyrazine/carbonyl‐rich material (CT) is synthesized via an acid‐catalyzed solvothermal reaction and homogeneously grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), marked as CT@CNT. Such materials have shown good features of exposing functional groups to guest ions and good electron transport paths, exhibiting high reversible capacity and remarkable rate capability over a wide temperature range. Two typical electrolytes are compared, demonstrating that the electrolyte of LX‐146 is more suitable to maximize the electrochemical performances of electrodes at different temperatures. A stepwise reaction mechanism of K‐chelating with C═O and C═N functional groups is proposed, verified by in/ex situ spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations, illustrating that pyrazines and carbonyls play the main roles in reacting with K+ cations, and CNTs promote conductivity and restrain electrode dissolution. This study provides new insights to understand the K‐storage behaviors of organic compounds and their “all‐temperature” application.