bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards detection of brain injury using multimodal non-invasive neuromonitoring in adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Dar Irfaan A. , Khan Imad R. , Maddox Ross K. , Selioutski Olga , Donohue Kelly L. , Marinescu Mark A. , Prasad Sunil M. , Quazi Nadim H. , Donlon Jack S. , Loose Emily A. , Ramirez Gabriel A. , Ren Jingxuan , Majeski Joseph B. , Abramson Kenneth , Durduran Turgut , Busch David R. , Choe Regine
Published: October 2020

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of cardiopulmonary bypass that provides life-saving support to critically ill patients whose illness is progressing despite maximal conventional support. Use in adults is expanding, however neurological injuries are common. Currently, the existing brain imaging tools are a snapshot in time and require high-risk patient transport. Here we assess the feasibility of measuring diffuse correlation spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, electroencephalography, and auditory brainstem responses at the bedside, and developing a cerebral autoregulation metric. We report preliminary results from two patients, demonstrating feasibility and laying the foundation for future studies monitoring neurological health during ECMO.
Hybrid mesh and voxel based Monte Carlo algorithm for accurate and efficient photon transport modeling in complex bio-tissues
Authors: Yan Shijie , Fang Qianqian
Published: October 2020

Over the past decade, an increasing body of evidence has suggested that three-dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo (MC) light transport simulations are affected by the inherent limitations and errors of voxel-based domain boundaries. In this work, we specifically address this challenge using a hybrid MC algorithm, namely split-voxel MC or SVMC, that combines both mesh and voxel domain information to greatly improve MC simulation accuracy while remaining highly flexible and efficient in parallel hardware, such as graphics processing units (GPU). We achieve this by applying a marching-cubes algorithm to a pre-segmented domain to extract and encode sub-voxel information of curved surfaces, which is then used to inform ray-tracing computation within boundary voxels. This preservation of curved boundaries in a voxel data structure demonstrates significantly improved accuracy in several benchmarks, including a human brain atlas. The accuracy of the SVMC algorithm is comparable to that of mesh-based MC (MMC), but runs 2x-6x faster and requires only a lightweight preprocessing step. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in our open-source software and is freely available at http://mcx.space.
Ultracompact TE0- and TE1-pass/TM0- and TM1-stop dual-mode polarizer for 1.55/2  µm dual-wavelength using silicon-based cross-like hybrid plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Guo Zhenzhao , Xiao Jinbiao
Published: October 2020

By leveraging cross-like hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) and subwavelength gratings, a silicon-based ultracompact

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-stop dual-mode polarizer for 1.55/2 µm dual-wavelength is proposed and analyzed in detail. The HPWs are located above the bottom Si waveguide to form a hybrid plasmonic silicon nitride waveguide (HPSNW), in which the

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layer of the HPSNW and thus sees high absorption loss at 1.55/2 µm. Accordingly, the

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mode at 1.55/2 µm can directly pass through the device once it is transited from input waveguide to the HPSNW. In contrast, the

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mode at 1.55/2 µm suffers from great mode radiation and mode attenuation, respectively, caused by the modal mismatch and metal absorption, leading to mode blocking. Therefore, a polarizer with dual-mode/dual-wavelength operation is realized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Numerical results show that the proposed polarizer has an insertion loss (IL) of 0.37 dB/0.29 dB for the

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mode and an extinction ratio (ER) of 17.3 dB/29.7 dB for the

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mode at 1.55 µm (an IL of 0.42 dB/0.76 dB for the

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mode and an ER of 33.1 dB/23.3 dB for the

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mode at 2 µm) in an ultracompact length of 6.5 µm. The operating bandwidth is up to 630 nm when the ER is over 18.5 dB/19.7 dB and the IL is below 0.52 dB/1 dB for fundamental/first-order mode, indicating an ultrabroadband operation. Additionally, fabrication tolerances of the proposed device are investigated, and electric field evolution is also illustrated.
Efficient stochastic simulation of rate equations and photon statistics of nanolasers
Authors: André Emil C. , Mørk Jesper , Wubs Martijn
Published: October 2020

Based on a rate equation model for single-mode two-level lasers, two algorithms for stochastically simulating the dynamics and steady-state behaviour of micro- and nanolasers are described in detail. Both methods lead to steady-state photon numbers and statistics characteristic of lasers, but one of the algorithms is shown to be significantly more efficient. This algorithm, known as Gillespie’s first reaction method (FRM), gives up to a thousandfold reduction in computation time compared to earlier algorithms, while also circumventing numerical issues regarding time-increment size and ordering of events. The FRM is used to examine intra-cavity photon distributions, and it is found that the numerical results follow the analytics exactly. Finally, the FRM is applied to a set of slightly altered rate equations, and it is shown that both the analytical and numerical results exhibit features that are typically associated with the presence of strong inter-emitter correlations in nanolasers.
Laser microprocessing of metal surfaces using a tightly focused radially polarized beam
Authors: Kozawa Yuichi , Sato Masaki , Uesugi Yuuki , Sato Shunichi
Published: October 2020

Tight focusing of a radially polarized beam is used for single-shot laser ablation of metals. The strong longitudinal field is generated at the focus, and its contribution to the ablation process is comprehensively examined for various metal materials. In the presence of the longitudinal field at the focus, a fabricated crater at the surface exhibits either a spot shape or a doughnut shape, depending on the material. The experimental results indicate that the strong longitudinal electric field on metal surfaces is capable of promoting material removal, which may provide a novel processing scheme in ultrafast laser microprocessing with enhanced spatial resolution.
Photoacoustic spectral analysis at ultraviolet wavelengths for characterizing the Gleason grades of prostate cancer
Authors: Jo Janggun , Siddiqui Javed , Zhu Yunhao , Ni Linyu , Kothapalli Sri-Rajasekhar , Tomlins Scott A. , Wei John T. , Keller Evan T. , Udager Aaron M. , Wang Xueding , Xu Guan
Published: October 2020

The diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) has relied on microscopic architectures, namely Gleason patterns, of tissues extracted through core biopsies. Technology capable of assessing the tissue architecture without tissue extraction will reduce the invasiveness of PCa diagnosis and improve diagnostic accuracy by allowing for more sampling locations. Our recently developed photoacoustic spectral analysis (PASA) has achieved quantification of tissue architectural heterogeneity interstitially. Taking advantage of the unique optical absorption of cell nuclei at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, this study investigated PASA at 266 nm for quantifying the tissue architecture heterogeneity in prostates. The results have shown significant differences among the normal, early cancer, and late cancer stages in mouse prostates ex vivo and in vivo (

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Adipogenesia, osasunaren etsai edo lagun?
Authors: Trepiana Jenifer , Gómez-Zorita Saioa , Milton-Laskibar Iñaki , Portillo María Puy
Published: October 2020

Gantz-ehun zuria (GEZ) gorputzeko energia-biltegia da eta adipozito izena duten zelulez osaturik dago. Giza gorputzean duen kokalekuaren arabera, larruazalpeko GEZ (LGEZ) eta erraietako GEZ (EGEZ) bereizten dira. Adipozitoei dagokienez, EGEZko adipozitoak LGEZkoak baino aktiboagoak dira metabolikoki; azken horiek, berriz, tamaina handiagoa eta lipidoak hartzeko gaitasun handiagoa dute. Obesitateak GEZren hazkunde edo hedapena eragiten du, bi modutan: adipozitoen kopurua edo tamaina handituz (hiperplasia eta hipertrofia, hurrenez hurren). GEZn gertatzen diren aldaketa horiek, ehun honen funtzionamendu egokian eragin dezakete. Horrela, hipertrofia bidez gertatzen den GEZren hedapena obesitatearekin eta hari lotutako gaixotasun metabolikoekin erlazio- natzen da. Adipozitoen hipertrofiak eta hiperplasiak obesitatearekin lotutako komorbilitateetan duten garrantziaz jabetzeko, «metabolikoki osasuntsuak diren obesoak» eta «argal faltsuak» terminoak aipatu behar dira. Lehenengoen kasuan, obesitateaz gain ez da gainerako asaldura metabolikorik izango. Bigarrengoen kasuan, berriz, pisu egokia izan arren zitokina hantura-eragileen maila handiagoak izaten dituzte odolean. Etorkizunari begira, argi geratzen da pertsona obesoen gantz-gordailuen hedapena ezaugarritu eta «metabolikoki osasuntsuak diren obesoak» zein «argal faltsuak» identifikatzea ahalbidetuko duten ikerketa gehiagoren beharra.
Silikazko nanopartikula mesoporotsuak biomedikuntzan
Authors: Ugalde-Arbizu Maider
Published: October 2020

Silikazko nanopartikula mesoporotsuak (MSNak) aurreko mendetik ezagutzen diren arren, azkeneko hamarkadan arreta handia bereganatu dute. Material mota hauen propietateak (hala nola, poro-bolumen zein gainazaleko eremu handiak) biomedikuntzaren arloan ikertzeko bereziki aproposak izatea eragin du. Gainera, propietate horiek moldakorrak dira, eta horrek, gaur egungo biosistemen aldean abantaila handiko konposatuak izatea eragiten du. Bestalde, MSNak optikoki gardenak, kimikoki geldoak, mekanikoki egonkorrak eta nahiko biobateragarriak dira. Hori dela eta, artikulu honek nanopartikula hauen propietateak azaltzea eta biomedikuntzaren arloan zentratzea du helburutzat. Azken arlo honetan, gaur egun arteko aplikaziorik aztertuenak azalduko dira; alde batetik, agente terapeutikoen garraioa, eta bestetik, bioirudiak.
Farmazia-zerbitzu profesional asistentzialak Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (EAE) farmazietan
Authors: Aizpurua-Arruti Xabier , Isla Arantxa , Solinís María Ángeles , Calvo Begoña , Del Pozo-Rodríguez Ana , Goyenechea Estibaliz
Published: October 2020

Historian zehar, farmaziak eraldaketa handiak izan ditu. Aurretik, farmaziak sendagaien prestaketa eta dispentsazioa zituen oinarri nagusitzat, baina, gizartearen aldaketa dela eta, lanbide horrek bide asistentzialagoa hartu du. Horrela, azken hamarkadetan arreta farmazeutikoaren eta farmazia asistentzialaren garapena sustatu da. Arreta farmazeutikoa pazientearen beharrak artatzeko farmazialariaren praktika profesional gisa defini daiteke, sendagaiekin loturiko arazoak modu jarraituan, sistematizatuan eta dokumentatuan detektatuz, prebenituz eta konponduz, pazientearekiko berarekiko eta osasun-taldeko gainerako profesionalekiko lankidetzan, pazientearen bizi-kalitatea hobetuko duten emaitza zehatzak lortzeko. Arreta farmazeutikoarekin eta farmazia asistentzialarekin lotuak, Farmazia-Zerbitzu Profesional Asistentzialak (FZPAk) sortu dira; farmazia komunitarioak herritar guztiei zerbitzu aukera zabala eskaintzen die. Gaur egun, munduko ia herrialde guztietan zerbitzu berriak diseinatzen eta ezartzen ari dira, eta, aldi berean, farmazia komunitarioaren jardueran txertatu nahi dira. FZPAk bi taldetan sailkatzen dira. Alde batetik, Arreta Farmazeutikoaren Zerbitzuak eta, beste alde batetik, Komunitateko Osasunarekin erlazionaturiko Zerbitzuak. Duela urte batzuk, eta Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (EAE) Farmazialarien Kontseiluarekin bat eginez, EAEko farmaziak FZPAk eskaintzen hasi ziren. Zerbitzu horiek, lanbidearen aldaketarako tresna garrantzitsua izanik, pazienteei ez ezik, farmazialarien kolektiboari eta farmazialariei eurei ere onurak ekartzen dizkiete. Hala ere, farmazia asistentziala sustatzeko erronka garrantzitsua da pazienteek eta gainerako osasun-profesionalek farmazialarien esku-hartze kliniko horien onurak ezagutzea, eta, farmazia komunitarioa, osasun-sistema publikoetan era sakonago batean integratzea.
Salmonella enterica 4,5,12:b:- serotipo berriaren karakterizazioa eta etxeko dortokekin erlazionatutako arriskua
Authors: Arrieta-Gisasola Ainhoa , Bikandi Bikandi Joseba , Garaizar Candina Javier , Herrera-León Silvia , Laorden Muñoz Lorena
Published: October 2020

Salmonelosia, herrialde garatuetako toxiinfekzio ohikoenetariko bat da, Salmonella generoko bakterioek eragindakoa. Oro har, giza salmonelosia elikagai kutsatuekin lotzen da. Hala ere, animaliekin izandako kontaktua Salmonella generoaren transmisio bide garrantzitsua izan daiteke. Dortokak Salmonella serotipo desberdinen gordailuak direla frogatu da. Narrasti hauek etxeko maskota oso ohikoak direla kontuan izanda, osasun publikorako arriskutsuak izan daitezke, batez ere haurren artean. Horregatik, lan honetan 4,5,12:b:- formula antigenikoa duen serotipo monofasiko berri bat karakterizatu da. Aztertutako isolatu gehienak 5 urtetik beherako haurretan isolatu dira, Espainiako eskualde desberdinetan. Teknika molekular ezberdinen bidez, baieztatu da 4,5,12:b:- isolatuak Paratyphi B Javako iso- latu bifasikoekin genetikoki erlazionatuta daudela eta serotipo hori dela haren arbaso posiblea. Aztertutako anduien arteko homogeneotasun handiak iradokitzen du, andui horietaz infektatutako dortoken jatorria estuki lotuta dagoela, Espainian dortoken saltokiek banaketa-puntu komuna dutela, eta horrek patogeno honen sakabanaketan laguntzen duela.
Optimal Scheduling of Solar-Wind-Thermal Integrated System Using α-Constrained Simplex Method
Authors: Kaur Sunimerjit , Brar Yadwinder Singh , Dhillon Jaspreet Singh
Published: October 2020

In this paper, multi-objective economic-environmental solar-wind-thermal power scheduling model was developed and it was optimized for five test systems. First test system was based upon a purely thermal power generating system and its problem was formulated to satisfy three conflicting objectives: (i) fuel cost, (ii)  emission, and (iii)  emission. The second, third and fourth test systems were comprised of optimal scheduling of integrated solar-thermal, wind-thermal and solar-wind-thermal power systems, respectively. Uncertainty costs were also considered in the renewable power based systems. These four test systems were examined for five power demands i.e. 200 MW, 225 MW, 250 MW, 275 MW, & 300 MW. Fifth test system was also deployed upon a renewable-thermal power scheduling. The effects of variation in number of thermal generators on fuel cost and  emission were perceived, for a power demand of 400 MW. The values of fuel cost (4067.98 Rs/h) and  emission (2,441.05 kg/h) reduced to 3,232.94 Rs/h and 1,939.30 kg/h, respectively, when number of thermal generators were reduced from four to two. The -constrained simplex method (ACSM) was used for simulation and the results were compared with simplex method (SM). The results clearly depict the dominance of ACSM over SM in almost all the fields.
Local Dynamics as a Resource for Labour Protests: The Case of Wildcat Strikes in the Metal Industry in Turkey, 2012-2016
Authors: Erdinc Isil
Published: October 2020

This article analyses the role of local dynamics on trade unions’ mobilisation capacity at thenational level, with a focus on the wildcat strikes in the metal sector in Bursa, a city in north-westTurkey, from 2012 to 2016. It studies to what extent local dynamics such as alliances with localbranches of political parties, workplace demonstrations, and local electoral and union organisingcampaigns contributed to protests against national government policies. The research andanalysis are based on both qualitative data collected during fieldwork and on quantitative datafrom a variety of Turkish and international sources. Through an analysis of the wildcat strikes,the article contributes to the literature on labour movements and strikes in authoritarian contexts.Differently from the majority of the existing literature on this issue, it focuses on the workplacelevel rather than analysing the relations between government officials and the trade unionconfederations at the national level. By doing this, it shows that, despite the oppressive context atthe national level, trade unions may regain power at the sectoral level.KEYWORDS: trade unions; metal industry; Turkey; authoritarian regime; social movements
Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise While Wearing a Sauna Suit on Energy Expenditure and Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Authors: Matthews Aaron R. D. , Astorino Todd A. , Crocker George H. , Sheard Ailish C.
Published: October 2020

Matthews, ARD, Astorino, TA, Crocker, GH, and Sheard, AC. Acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise while wearing a sauna suit on energy expenditure and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2427–2433, 2022—The use of sauna suits has increased because of claims that they enhance weight loss and increase body temperature during exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine changes in energy expenditure (EE) and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in response to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) while wearing a sauna suit. Twelve recreationally active men and women age = (28.7 ± 6.0 years) initially completed assessment of resting metabolic rate and maximal oxygen uptake. On two separate days, subjects completed HIIE consisting of ten 1-minute intervals at 85% peak power output, both with and without a sauna suit. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and core temperature were continuously measured during and 1 hour after exercise. Energy expenditure during (285 ± 57 kcal vs. 271 ± 58 kcal) and post-exercise (123 ± 30 kcal vs. 113 ± 16 kcal) was significantly higher (p = 0.025) with a sauna suit than without a sauna suit. However, EPOC (6.19 ± 4.46 L of O2 vs. 4.25 ± 3.36 L of O2; p = 0.05) was not significantly different 1 hour after exercise, and core temperature was similar (p = 0.62) between conditions. Fat oxidation was significantly increased for 60 minutes after HIIE with a sauna suit (p = 0.009). Wearing a sauna suit during HIIE elicits greater EE vs. not wearing a sauna suit, but the increase of 23 kcal may not benefit weight loss.
Normative Values for Health-Related Physical Fitness in First-Year Police Officers
Authors: Štefan Lovro , Kasović Mario , Culej Mario
Published: October 2020

Štefan, L, Kasović, M, and Culej, M. Normative values for health-related physical fitness in first-year police officers. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2530–2535, 2022—The main aim of the study was to develop normative values for health-related physical fitness tests in first-year police officers. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 773 police officers aged 19–28 years old (mean age ± SD = 22 ± 3 years, 34% women). Health-related physical fitness included: (a) polygon backwards (agility), (b) standing broad jump (explosive power of lower extremities), (c) sit-and-reach test (flexibility), and (d) 2.4 km run (aerobic capacity). In addition, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max) was calculated. Sex- and age-specific centile smoothed curves for the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentiles using Cole's LMS method were created. The results showed that men performed better in all health-related physical fitness tests (p < 0.001), compared with women. The median values for polygon backwards, standing broad jump, sit-and-reach test, 2.4 km run and V̇o
2max were 8 seconds, 210, 15 cm, 721 seconds and 49 mlO2·kg−1·min−1 in men and 10 seconds, 165, 10 cm, 915 seconds and 39 mlO2·kg−1·min−1 in women. No significant interaction between age and health-related physical fitness was observed. This study provides sex- and age-specific normative values for health-related physical fitness in police officers. Findings from this study may be used in detecting a group of police officers who have lower levels of physical fitness. Thus, policies aiming to enhance the level of physical fitness could be implemented within the system.
The Home-Cage Automated Skilled Reaching Apparatus (HASRA): Individualized Training of Group-Housed Mice in a Single Pellet Reaching Task
Authors: Salameh Gilles , Jeffers Matthew S. , Wu Junzheng , Pitney Julian , Silasi Gergely
Published: October 2020

The single pellet reaching task is commonly used in rodents to assess the acquisition of fine motor skill and recovery of function following nervous system injury. Although this task is useful for gauging skilled forelimb use in rodents, the process of training animals is labor intensive and variable across studies and labs. To address these limitations, we developed a single pellet reaching paradigm for training and testing group housed mice within their home cage. Mice enter a training compartment attached to the outside of the cage and retrieve millet seeds presented on a motorized pedestal that can be individually positioned to present seeds to either forelimb. To identify optimal training parameters, we compared task participation and success rates between groups of animals that were presented seeds at two different heights (floor vs mouth height) and at different intervals (fixed-time vs trial-based). The mouth height/fixed interval presentation style was most effective at promoting reaching behavior as all mice reached for seeds within 5 d. Using this paradigm, we assessed stroke-induced deficits in home-cage reaching. Following three weeks of baseline training, reaching success rate was ∼40%, with most trials performed during the dark cycle. A forelimb motor cortex stroke significantly decreased interaction with presented seeds within the first 2 d and impaired reaching success rates for the first 7 d. Our data demonstrate that group-housed mice can be efficiently trained on a single pellet reaching task in the home cage and that this assay is sensitive to stroke induced motor impairments.
Analysis of Parvocellular and Magnocellular Visual Pathways in Human Retina
Authors: Masri Rania A. , Grünert Ulrike , Martin Paul R.
Published: October 2020

Two main subcortical pathways serving conscious visual perception are the midget-parvocellular (P), and the parasol-magnocellular (M) pathways. It is generally accepted that the P pathway serves red-green color vision, but the relative contribution of P and M pathways to spatial vision is a long-standing and unresolved issue. Here, we mapped the spatial sampling properties of P and M pathways across the human retina. Data were obtained from immunolabeled vertical sections of six postmortem male and female human donor retinas and imaged using high-resolution microscopy. Cone photoreceptors, OFF-midget bipolar cells (P pathway), OFF-diffuse bipolar (DB) types DB3a and DB3b (M pathway), and ganglion cells were counted along the temporal horizontal meridian, taking foveal spatial distortions (postreceptoral displacements) into account. We found that the density of OFF-midget bipolar and OFF-midget ganglion cells can support one-to-one connections to 1.05-mm (3.6°) eccentricity. One-to-one connections of cones to OFF-midget bipolar cells are present to at least 10-mm (35°) eccentricity. The OFF-midget ganglion cell array acuity is well-matched to photopic spatial acuity measures throughout the central 35°, but the OFF-parasol array acuity is well below photopic spatial acuity, supporting the view that the P pathway underlies high-acuity spatial vision. Outside the fovea, array acuity of both OFF-midget and OFF-DB cells exceeds psychophysical measures of photopic spatial acuity. We conclude that parasol and midget pathway bipolar cells deliver high-acuity spatial signals to the inner plexiform layer, but outside the fovea, this spatial resolution is lost at the level of ganglion cells.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe make accurate maps of the spatial density and distribution of neurons in the human retina to aid in understanding human spatial vision, interpretation of diagnostic tests, and the implementation of therapies for retinal diseases. Here, we map neurons involved with the midget-parvocellular (P pathway) and parasol-magnocellular (M pathway) through human retina. We find that P-type bipolar cells outnumber M-type bipolar cells at all eccentricities. We show that cone photoreceptors and P-type pathway bipolar cells are tightly connected throughout the retina, but that spatial resolution is lost at the level of the ganglion cells. Overall, the results support the view that the P pathway is specialized to serve both high acuity vision and red-green color vision.
Narrative Reflections on Losing a Companion Animal
Authors: Alshammari Shahd
Published: October 2020

This article uses personal narrative and embodied experiences as autoethnographic strategies to explore the grief of losing a companion animal. It draws on my experiences as a disabled academic who continues to teach and navigate the terrain of writing. Losing my dog, Flake, has left me unable to voice the trauma. Throughout, I draw on various scholars’ interpretations of writing, loss, trauma, and nonhuman relationships, and emerge with a tribute to our significant relationships to others: friends, students, nonhuman animals.
“Cameos of History” on the Landscape
Authors: Dickey Jennifer
Published: October 2020

This article explores one of the most ubiquitous methods of providing history for the public through a study of the Georgia Historical Marker Program. The marker program, begun in 1951, has undergone changes in stewardship, emphasis, and scholarly rigor in recent years. The evolution of the marker program to be more diverse and inclusive mirrors that of the profession more broadly. This study reveals that what seems like an old-fashioned method of presenting history to the public is still very visible and very much engages the public in discourse about Georgia’s history.
Clinical and functional predictors that cause a decrease of indicators of morning blood pressure profile in antihypertensive telmisartan-based therapy
Authors: Rasputina Lesia , Didenko Daria
Published: October 2020

Background: Blood pressure (BP) monitoring is an important aspect in the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH), namely the morning BP increase which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidents as well as sudden death. The study herein revealed clinical and functional predictors which decrease the morning BP rise in the case of optimal antihypertensive therapy with telmisartan, based on results of daily blood pressure monitoring (DBPM).

Methods: A single-center open-label study in parallel groups was conducted. The study included 50 patients with AH who had previously received antihypertensive therapy but did not achieve a reduction in BP according to DBPM. Telmisartan (40 - 80 mg per day) was added to the treatment regimen of all patients. All patients underwent a general clinical examination, measurement of glucose and creatinine levels, assessment of lipid profile, ECG recording in 12 leads, echocardiography (EchoCG), and DBPM before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment. Statistical data analyses were performed.

Results: Twelve-week antihypertensive telmisartan-based therapy led to a decrease in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 134.3 ± 5.0 to 126.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg (p = 0.008), and a decrease in mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from 79.8 ± 1.5 to 73.0 ± 1.4 mm Hg (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in the index of variability of DBP from 22.4 ± 2.8 to 16 ± 2.4 mm Hg (p < 0.001), and a decrease in the daily index of SBP from 15.7 ± 4.7 to 13.1 ± 4.7 mm Hg (p = 0.014). In the study, a connection was found between the decrease of the average morning index and the following indicators: presence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy on ECG, final diastolic size of the LV over 6.0 cm, LV ejection fraction below 52.3%, total cholesterol level over 5.5 mmol/L, LDL level greater than 3.3 mmol/L, and triglyceride level greater than 2.0 mmol/L.

Conclusion: These values could be used as predictors of a decrease in the morning index during 12-week telmisartan therapy.
Serious Diagnoses for Headaches After ED Discharge
Authors: Zhou Amy Z. , Marin Jennifer R. , Hickey Robert W. , Ramgopal Sriram
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Headache is a common complaint among children presenting to the emergency department (ED) and can be due to serious neurologic and nonneurologic diagnoses (SNNDs). We sought to characterize the children discharged from the ED with headache found to have SNNDs at revisits.

METHODS:

We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from 45 pediatric hospitals from October 1, 2015, to March 31, 2019. We included pediatric patients (≤18 years) discharged from the ED with a principal diagnosis of headache, excluding patients with concurrent or previous SNNDs or neurosurgeries. We identified rates and types of SNNDs diagnosed within 30 days of initial visit and compared these rates with those of control groups defined as patients with discharge diagnoses of cough, chest pain, abdominal pain, and soft tissue complaints.

RESULTS:

Of 121 621 included patients (57% female, median age 12.4 years, interquartile range: 8.8–15.4), 608 (0.5%, 95% confidence interval: 0.5%–0.5%) were diagnosed with SNNDs within 30 days. Most were diagnosed at the first revisit (80.8%); 37.5% were diagnosed within 7 days. The most common SNNDs were benign intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema and compression, and seizures. A greater proportion of patients with SNNDs underwent neuroimaging, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid testing compared with those without SNNDs (P < .001 for each). The proportion of SNNDs among patients diagnosed with headache (0.5%) was higher than for control cohorts (0.0%–0.1%) (P < .001 for each).

CONCLUSIONS:

A total 0.5% of pediatric patients discharged from the ED with headache were diagnosed with an SNND within 30 days. Further efforts to identify at-risk patients remain a challenge.
Concentración de clorofila a en colonias de Pocillopora verrucosa (Sderactina) durante un blanqueamiento coralino en el Golfo de California, México (1997)
Authors: Munguía-Vega Adrián , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor
Published: October 2020

El Niño-Southern Oscillation 1997-98 significantly elevated sea temperatures in the Gulf of California and caused widespread coral bleaching starting in july 1997. Changes in chlorphyll a concentration by unit of area (cm2) among normal, discolored and totally bleached colonies of the coral Pocillopora verrucosa (=P. elegans) were determined in 27 colonies collected in october, 1997 al Ensenada de Muertos. Baja California peninsula, México (240 03' N), by spectrophotometric determinations. Mean pigment values varied from 2.06 ¡..tg/cm2 to 1.12 ¡..tg/cm2 and 0.09 Ilg/cm2 among normal, decolorated and totally bleached colonies, respectively, although statistically significant differences only appeared between completely bleached and normal corals. The low chlorophyll concentration of the healthy-Iooking ("normal") corals and the lack of differences in pigment concentrations between these and partially bleached corals, indicated that the former had actually suffered a previous loss of pigmentation and may have been recovering when sampled.
Alimentación de Microthrissa congica (Osteichthyes: Clupeidae) en la cuenca alta del río Congo (África)
Authors: Mambyanga Mokoma Godefroid , Devos Luc , Cardona Luis
Published: October 2020

Mensualmente durante un año, se estudió la alimentación de Microthrissa congica en la cuenca alta del Río Congo, mediante el análisis de contenidos estomacales de ejemplares adultos. De acuerdo con la frecuencia de aparición, las ninfas de quironómidos constituyen la base de su alimentación durante todo el año. La importancia de los insectos de origen terrestre aumenta durante la época de lluvias, momento en que aumenta la amplitud del nicho. Estos resultados demuestran que este clupeido es una especie insectívora pelágica, utilizando muy poco el bentos como fuente de alimento.
Age, growth and fecundity of the silver mullet, Mugil curema (Pisces: Mugilidae), in coastal arcas of Northeastern Venezuela
Authors: Marin E Baumar J , Dodson Julián J
Published: October 2020

We studied fecundity and growth in populations of the silver mullet, Mugilcurema, in coastal areas of northeastern Venezuela between March 1992 and July 1993. The average number of oocytes in gonads of 23-42 cm adults was 54 x 104, and lhe relative fecundity was ! 311 oocytes g-I of fish. The size of mature oocytes did not vary in different portions of the same gonad (p > 0.05) or among the adults in three populations studied. The average egg diameter for adults was 426 ¡lm (CI=4.34). Age of juveniles, colIected from the La Restinga Lagoon at about monthly intervals, from counts of growth lines on the otoliths ranged from 50 to 240 days. The relation of age (number of growth lines) to standard length follows an exponential growth curve. The growth ofjuveniles varied seasonally and was greatest during the rain y season C April to August), when temperatures were highes!. The time of spawning has probably been adapted so Ihat peak recruitment into the lagoons occurs just prior lo the rainy season when conditions for growth are most favorable.
Complejidad estructural de los manglares de Playa Blanca, Escondido y Rincón de Osa, Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
Authors: Samper-Villarreal Jimena , Silva-Benavides Ana Margarita
Published: October 2020

Este estudio reporta las características estructurales y distribución de las especies en los bosques de mangle de Playa Blanca, Escondido y Rincón en Golfo Dulce, Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Se realizaron múltiples transectos en cada uno de los manglares. Cada 10m a lo largo de cada transecto se delimitaron parcelas cuadradas de 5x5m. En cada parcela se midió el diámetro a la altura del pecho y altura de los árboles de mangle y se tomaron muestras de sedimento y de agua intersticial (salinidad). Se determinó la densidad total y por especie para cada manglar, el área basal y valor de importancia por especie y la complejidad general entre los manglares. Las especies dominantes en los tres manglares estudiados fueron Rhizophora racemosa y Pelliciera rhizophorae. Los manglares de Playa Blanca y Rincón presentaron mayor similitud en la estructura del bosque entre sí que con el manglar de Escondido. Playa Blanca fue el bosque de mayor altura del dosel y menor densidad; mientras que Escondido presentó mayor densidad y menor altura, así como el menor número de especies y el único donde se encontró la especie Conocarpus erectus. La composición de especies presente en estos manglares coincide con la reportada para la región. Sin embargo, la variación en estructura y complejidad entre los tres manglares es mayor a las similitudes con otros de la región. El estudio histórico y topográfico de estos manglares puede aclarar las variaciones en estructura y complejidad encontrada actualmente entre ellos.
Geomorfología, zonas de erosión y sedimentación costera de la Península de Burica, Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas Herrera Vanessa
Published: October 2020

Se efectuó una evaluación geomorfológica y de zonas de erosión y sedimentación del sector oeste de la Península, desde punta Banco hasta punta El Mangle, con el fin de determinar aspectos relevantes desde el punto de vista geológico. El estudio se llevo a cabo durante 9 días en enero del 2008, tiempo en el cual, se realizó el estudio geológico, geomorfológico y de zonas de erosión-sedimentación costera, presentándose en este trabajo solamente los resultados relevantes de los últimos dos aspectos. Geomorfológicamente, se reconocen una predominancia de morfologías de origen estructural, y en menor grado de origen marino, fluvial y denudacional. Se definieron cuatro zonas de erosión-sedimentación, zonas de erosión intensa, de erosión moderada a leve, de erosión y sedimentación y zonas de depositación. Los procesos geológicos más importantes son los deslizamientos, la erosión costera y la alta sismicidad del área, factores que deben ser tomados en cuenta para una adecuada planificación rural de la península.
Vegetación asociada con helechales en el Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Los Yariguíes, Colombia
Authors: Castro-Martínez Astrid Lorena , Gil-Leguizamón Pablo Andrés , Morales-Puentes María Eugenia
Published: October 2020

Introducción: La alteración en la composición y estructura de la vegetación da paso a la introducción de especies consideradas invasoras, caso de Pteridium arachnoideum, que, por sus características de crecimiento por reproducción asexual y efecto alelopático, puede colonizar rápidamente; tal capacidad de invasión, inhibe los procesos de sucesión natural, permite el dominio de especies herbáceas y disminuye la diversidad de especies arbóreas. Objetivo: Evaluar la vegetación asociada a los helechales (P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum x P. esculentum subsp. campestre) distribuidos en la zona denominada Golconda, ubicada en el Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Los Yariguíes. Métodos: Se realizaron 15 parcelas de 25 m2 cada una; en ellas, se tomaron datos de composición y fisonomía de la vegetación [formas de crecimiento, altura (m), cobertura (m2), diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) para todos los árboles y abundancia de especies]; se estimaron índices de probabilidad de diversidad (Shannon y Simpson), el porcentaje de especies y abundancia por formas de crecimiento, IVI para especies arbóreas y arbustivas, IVR para herbáceas y el esfuerzo de muestreo. Resultados: Se registraron 924 individuos pertenecientes a 65 especies, distribuidas en 24 familias; las taxa más ricas son: Melastomataceae, Asteraceae y Poaceae, consideradas frecuentes en áreas perturbadas. Las áreas dominadas por helechales son diversas, a pesar de la dominancia de especies como: Ageratina cf. fastigiata, Tibouchina lindeniana, Clethra fagifolia, Coccocypselum lanceolatum y Clidemia ciliata; se identificaron 30 especies leñosas y 21 herbáceas. Conclusiones: Con especies leñosas pioneras que favorecen la sucesión; así como, taxones provenientes de áreas conservadas de interior de bosque, este estudio contribuye en la reevaluación del atributo de P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum x P. esculentum subsp. campestre como inhibidora y causante de la disminución de la diversidad por su dominancia.
Establishment of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in Capsicum annuum and its effects on the aphid pest Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Allegrucci Natalia , Velazquez María Silvana , Russo María Leticia , Vianna María Florencia , Abarca Camila , Scorsetti Ana Clara
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Entomopathogenic fungi have been used as biological control agents of insect pests and have demonstrated a promising ability to colonize as endophytes a wide range of plant species. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate, in pepper plants, the most effective Beauveria bassiana inoculation techniques. In order to evaluate the presence of natural endophytes and its interaction with B. bassiana. Also to assess the effect of B. bassiana on the aphid Myzus persicae pepper leaf feeding preference and growth. Methods: Three inoculation techniques were evaluated: leaf spraying, seed immersion and root dipping. The pepper plants were inoculated with a conidia suspension adjusted to 1×108 conidia/ml. The presence of B. bassiana in the seedlings was evaluated at 7, 15 and 28 days after inoculation. Results: We found significant statistical differences between inoculation techniques. Foliar spraying showed the highest B. bassiana colonization frequency. The natural endophytes presented higher presence in the treatments in which B. bassiana had a low presence. This might indicate the occurrence of antifungal activity that interferes with the establishment of the entomopathogen in pepper tissues. We did not find statistical differences between inoculated and control pepper leaves with regard to the mortality and reproduction of the aphid pest M. persicae. However, the inoculation with B. bassiana showed a tendency to increase the mortality of adults and to decrease the offspring (nymphs). We did not find significant differences in the feeding preference between inoculated and control leaves, although there was a higher number of individuals on control leaves compared to those inoculated. Conclusions: The strain B. bassiana LPSC 1067 was established effectively as an endophyte in the pepper tissues. The most effective inoculation technique was leaf spraying. We did not find differences of statistical significance with regard to the mortality and reproduction of the aphid pest M. persicae. However, the inoculation with B. bassiana showed a tendency to increase the mortality of adults and to decrease the offspring (nymphs). Future studies evaluating the indirect effects of endophytic entomopathogens on both plants and herbivorous insects are needed to further explore their potential use in the management of insect pests.
Viticulture in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Light of Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Authors: Bronstein Judith , Yehuda Elisabeth , Stern Edna J.
Published: October 2020

Archaeological remains of viticulture in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (AD 1099–1291) are quite rare, and those that are present are incomplete. In contrast, textual sources show extensive evidence of grape cultivation, wine production and wine consumption. Based on integration of archaeological and historical data, the focus of this article is on characteristics of Frankish grape cultivation and wine production in the East. By doing so, its goal is to offer new interpretation and identify new questions. Coming from the Christian West, the Latins brought with them a wine culture which differed from that in the area under Muslim rule. This new attitude towards wine expressed itself in the demand for large quantities of wine for nutritional, religious and therapeutic purposes, and consequently influenced vine growing and wine making in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Through the topic of viticulture, we aim to explore the extent to which Frankish society—as a migrant society—assimilated with, borrowed from, rejected and/or influenced its new environment.
Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Serdechnaya A. Yu. , Sukmanova I. A.
Published: October 2020

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the most severe complication of myocardial infarction, manifested by an acute tissue hypoperfusion as a result of impaired contractile function of the heart. CS occupies a leading place in the patterns of mortality in patients with myocardial infarction, despite all the advances in medicine. This review presents a modern classification of CS and a risk assessment score, considers the main aspects of epidemiology and pathophysiology of CS, discusses issues of its diagnosis and treatment.
Preliminary study of the technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound: from procedure to diagnosis
Authors: Calas Maria Julia Gregório , Pereira Fernanda Philadelpho Arantes , Gonçalves Leticia Pereira , Lopes Flávia Paiva Proença Lobo
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the main technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound and to determine the proportion of examinations excluded. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 440 automated breast ultrasound examinations performed, over a 12-month period, by technicians using an established protocol. Results: In five cases (1.1%), the examination was deemed unacceptable for diagnostic purposes, those examinations therefore being excluded. Conclusion: Automated breast ultrasound is expected to overcome some of the major limitations of conventional ultrasound in breast cancer screening. In Brazil, this new method can be accepted for inclusion in routine clinical practice only after its advantages have been validated in the national context.
A Arte como Estratégia de Coping em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Medeiros Melissa Soares , Barreto Dulce Maria Sousa , Sampaio Raquel , Alves Bruno Cavalcante Fales de Brito , Albino Deborah Costa Moreira , Fernandes Iana Lima
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Introdução: O momento da pandemia por Covid-19 tem um impacto direto na formação dos estudantes de Medicina, tanto pela modificação repentina na metodologia presencial para remota quanto pelo estresse e pela ansiedade gerados. A saúde mental dos estudantes necessita de estratégias de coping para que eles possam lidar com situações de extrema ansiedade. Relato de experiência: O grupo Estudo de Literatura e Arte na Medicina (Elam) criou, durante o período da pandemia, momentos de discussão de literatura por meio de produção textual e discussões em mídia social, e principalmente por meio de atividades artísticas com pintura em aquarela e artes plásticas, para lidar com os conflitos apresentados pelos alunos na quarentena. Foram 24 telas de aquarela, vídeos, telas de colagem em artes plásticas e textos de crônicas e poesias. Os temas abordados nos textos foram principalmente: amor (N = 2), envelhecer (N = 2), pecado e religiosidade (N = 4), ciclo da vida (N = 6), câncer, caos, sabedoria, mortalidade (N = 3), tempo, olhar e ver (N = 2) e regionalismo (N = 2). Discussão: O enfrentamento da Covid-19 impõe o isolamento social, o distanciamento físico e a restrição à mobilidade das pessoas como medidas fundamentais para evitar a rápida disseminação do vírus. Quando o jovem não dispõe de mecanismos para lidar com a situação estressante propiciada pela situação, pode haver o desencadeamento de uma série de psicopatologias, como depressão, ansiedade e distúrbios do humor. É uma tendência mais ampla na educação médica: cada vez mais, as escolas de Medicina estão investindo em currículo e programação em torno das artes, e, no momento atual, essa estratégia de coping se torna importante no enfrentamento da pandemia pelo estudante de Medicina. Conclusão: Atravessar esse momento de pandemia pela Covid-19 exigiu uma estratégia de coping para ajudar os alunos a vivenciar e extravasar seus medos, sendo a arte a melhor forma de expressão, o que foi atingido pelo grupo Elam.