bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İKTİSADİ YÖNÜYLE OSMANLI VAKIFLARINDA SU KAYNAKLARININ YÖNETİMİ 18.VE 19. YÜZYILLARDA URFA VAKIFLARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖĞÜT Tahir
Published: March 2019

Urfa 18. yüzyılda iskân politikaları ve İran
seferlerinin lojistik merkezlerinden biri olmasından dolayı, idari ve mali
alanda yeniden yapılanma politikalarının odağında yer almıştır. İdari-mali
yapılanma sürecinde şehrin imarı da önemsenmiştir.  Urfa’da bu bağlamda on sekizinci yüzyıl ilk
yarısında  görev yapmış olan Yusuf Paşa
ve Rızvan Ahmed Paşa kendi adlarıyla kurmuş oldukları vakıflar üzerinden şehrin
imarına yönelik faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Bu vakıfların imar
faaliyetlerinde gerek doğrudan kullanım gerekse de iktisadi faaliyetlere
yönelik su kaynaklarına yapılan yatırımlar belirleyici olmuştur. Urfa’da
gerçekleştirilmiş olan su yatırımlarının zaman içinde süreklilik arz edip
etmemesi şehrin iktisadi gelişimini belirleyebilmek bakımından önem arz eden
bir konudur. Tanzimat reformlarına Urfa’da 1850’de geçilmesi sonrasında
kurulmuş olan Evkaf Müdürlüğü faaliyet alanı içinde vakıfların toplu olarak
muhasebe kayıtlarını tutmuştur. Bu durum 18.yüzyıl ilk yarısından bir asır
sonrasına kadar geçen süreçte, Urfa’da imar ve su yatırımlarına bağlı olarak
iktisadi dinamizm veya durağanlık boyutunu belirleyebilme imkânı
sağlamaktadır.
MMP-8-Responsive Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel for Intraoral Drug Delivery
Authors: Guo J. , Sun H. , Lei W. , Tang Y. , Hong S. , Yang H. , Tay F.R. , Huang C.
Published: March 2019

Currently available drug delivery systems for oral diseases suffer from short retention time and poor local concentrations at the target site. A biodegradable stimulus-responsive hydrogel was synthesized in the present study to evaluate its application as an environmentally sensitive carrier for on-demand intraoral drug delivery. The hydrogel was synthesized from diacrylate-containing polyethylene glycol–based scaffolds and a cysteine-terminated peptide crosslinker (CGPQG↓IWGQC) via a Michael-type addition reaction. Because CGPQG↓IWGQC can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), minocycline hydrochloride, bovine serum albumin, or an antibacterial peptide (KSL) was incorporated into the scaffolds to evaluate the MMP-8-responsive release behavior of the on-demand drug delivery system. Hydrogel characterization and gelation kinetics were examined with gel time, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and measurements of rheologic parameters. Degradation behavior and MMP-8-responsive drug release were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography and protein-specific assay. Biocompatibility evaluation indicated that the hydrogels were noncytotoxic. Antibacterial testing demonstrated that the released drugs were able to maintain bioactivity. Taken together, these results suggest that the MMP-8-sensitive hydrogel is a promising candidate for on-demand intraoral localized drug delivery. Because MMP-8 is one of the most important biomarkers for periodontitis, the MMP-8-responsive hydrogel has potential to be used for in situ adaptive degradation in response to chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This notion has to be tested in animal models of periodontal disease.
Opening the Black Box: Identifying Common Practice Approaches in Urban and Rural Rape Crisis Centers
Authors: Edmond Tonya E. , Voth Schrag Rachel J. , Bender Annah K.
Published: March 2019

This study sought to open the black box of services at rape crisis centers (RCCs), particularly related to counseling, to better understand what is available to survivors in urban and rural settings. Findings from a survey of directors and counselors in Texas RCCs reveal a number of strengths: supporting services for survivors of sexual assault and insights that can help to further advance the implementation of evidence-based trauma treatments in this sector. Although many areas of congruence were found between urban and rural settings, differences were noted that have implications for implementation of evidence-based trauma treatments.
Effect of clay content and distribution on hydraulic and geophysical properties of synthetic sand-clay mixtures
Authors: Osterman Gordon , Sugand Madhuri , Keating Kristina , Binley Andrew , Slater Lee
Published: March 2019

Geophysical methods show promise for detecting the spatial variability of subsurface clay content and its effect on subsurface hydraulic properties. We have developed a laboratory study that examines the influence of clay content and distribution on the relationships between hydraulic conductivity [Formula: see text] and the physical and geophysical properties of the media. Two geophysical methods are investigated: spectral induced polarization (SIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We used synthetic sediment mixtures of sand and up to 10% kaolinite clay by mass; the clay was homogeneously mixed or was present as large (approximately 5 mm) clusters distributed through the sample. The [Formula: see text] varies moderately well (normalized root-mean-square error [[Formula: see text]rms error] = 0.393) with the pore-volume normalized surface area [Formula: see text] a proxy measure of clay content, in the homogeneous samples and poorly ([Formula: see text]rms error = 0.507) when the clustered samples are included in the fit. The SIP parameters indicate moderately good to excellent fits with [Formula: see text] for homogeneous samples ([Formula: see text]rms error = 0.0783–0.139) and moderately good to good fits for clustered samples ([Formula: see text]rms error = 0.140–0.336), and the coefficients describing the polarizability of the samples depend on the clay distribution. NMR parameters vary moderately well with [Formula: see text] in the homogeneous samples ([Formula: see text]rms error = 0.341–0.412) and poorly ([Formula: see text]rms error = 1.08–6.04) in the clustered samples. The SIP parameters vary moderately well with [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]rms error = 0.301–0.466); however, the relationship between the SIP parameters and [Formula: see text] is compromised by the nonnegligible polarization of the clay clusters. NMR parameters indicate good to excellent fits with [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]rms error = 0.0789–0.116). For SIP and NMR, fitting homogeneous and clustered samples together does not compromise the fit quality. These results suggest that the geophysical measurements are better predictors of [Formula: see text] in heterogeneous porous media than bulk measures of pore geometry such as [Formula: see text].
Wijsman Rough λ Statistical Convergence of Order α of Triple Sequence of Functions
Authors: Esi A. , Subramanian N. , Aiyub M.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, using the concept of natural density, we introduce the notion of Wijsman rough λ statistical convergence of order α triple sequence of functions. We define the set of Wijsman rough λ statistical convergence of order α of limit points of a triple sequence spaces of functions and obtain Wijsman λ statistical convergence of order α criteria associated with this set. Later, we prove that this set is closed and convex and also examine the relations between the set of Wijsman rough λ statistical convergence of order α of cluster points and the set of Wijsman rough λ statistical convergence of order α limit points of a triple sequences of functions.
Fuzzy Logic Models for Evaluating Student Understanding of Polar Coordinates
Authors: Gr. Voskoglou Michael
Published: March 2019

In the paper at hands two assessment methods based on principles of Fuzzy Logic are applied for evaluating the student understanding of polar coordinates on the plane. The first of them utilizes triangular fuzzy numbers as assessment tools and focuses on student mean performance, while the second one adapts properly the Centre of Gravity defuzzification technique to measure the student quality performance. The connections and differences of these methods with the traditional assessment methods of calculating the mean values of the student scores and the Grade Point Average index respectively are also discussed and a classroom experiment performed in an earlier work is reused to illustrate the applicability of the above methods for the purposes of the present work.
A Glimpse into Establishing and Developing Safety Measures in the Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University in 2016
Authors: Yousif Emad , H. Al-Dahhan Wedad , Abd Ali Ali , R. Jber Nasreen , Adnan Rashad Alaa
Published: March 2019

The department of Chemistry is one of the main academic departments in the College of Science at Al-Nahrain University. The department awards Bachelor degree in Chemistry and Master degree in Analytical, Physical, Organic, Inorganic, and Biochemistry. Chemistry department since its establishment has twenty one laboratories within. Fifteen of them are devoted for postgraduate students and the rest are for undergraduates. During 2016, we aimed to focus our attention towards maintaining safety measures within all of these laboratories to ensure a safe working environment. In 2016, the department witnessed many significant achievements with regards to disseminating safety measures through lectures, workshops, seminars and publications as well as renovating infrastructures. Also, during the last six years, the department adopted a strategy to promote safety and security which has been approved by Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF). Herein, we would like to shine a spotlight to all departmental activities and programs conducted to motivate and educate our students and affiliates to take safety as their first priority at all times and keep maintaining safety standards in our department.
Investigation of a Rubidium Fast Ionic Conductor [Cu2 HgI4 :0.xRbI] where (x=0.1-0.3 mol. wt.%)
Authors: us saba Noor , Ahmad A.
Published: March 2019

An investigation has been taken for the development of new Rb+ ion conducting composite fast ionic systems, [Cu2HgI4:0.xRbI](where x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mol. wt. %), were synthesized, using [Cu2HgI4] ternary composite system as the host. [Cu2HgI4] compound belongs to the fast ion conductors of A2BX4 (A = Cu, B = Hg and X = I). The compounds [Cu2HgI4] phase changes near 388 K as the crystal lattice changes from a tetragonal to a hexagonal structure. Near 445K, [Cu2HgI4] is replaced by an equilibrium mixture of α-CuI and HgI2. At each of these phase transition, ionic conductivity increases by an order of magnitude or more. The substitution of Hg++ from Cu+ in [Cu2HgI4]is accompanied by a slight increase in the room temperature conductivity, as a result of either increased crystalline defects or an increased Rb+ substitution also characterized. FTIR, FAR-IR, SEM and EDAX analyses were performed to confirm the formation of fast ion conductors [Cu2HgI4:0.xRbI] (where x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mol. wt. %).
Optical Study to Doping Carbon with TiO2 that Utilizing in Thermal Concentration
Authors: N. Abed Rasheed , K. Al-Sahib Nabeel , Jabar N. Khalifa Abdul
Published: March 2019

The optical properties of TiO2/C in the district from (200-2000 nm) were examined by setting up the composites with wt. % concentration. The optical information evaluated and translated regarding the hypothesis of phonon-assisted direct electronic change; it is watched that the energy is influenced by doping sort of mineral composite utilized. The doping manufactured powders were examined through data analysis to validate the presence of these elements. This investigation for the influence of TiO2 was an addition on the microstructure of the carbon and electrical behavior of the composite was detected, this doped was gotten in a dry place at ambient temperature and its effect was studied from the physical properties of the energy gap. The optical measurement of the specimen was measured as a component of wavelength (λ), absorptivity that exhibit good results to absorb the solar energy for selective surfaces.
Comparative Physicochemical Evaluation of Starch Extracted from Cajanus Cajan Seeds Grown in Sudan as a Pharmaceutical Excipient Against Maize Starch
Authors: Abdalla Bakheit Ahmed , Baraka Abdallah Daud , I. Hamedelniel Elnazeer , Osman Zuheir , M. Algaobahi Khaled
Published: March 2019

The objective of this work was to extract and to investigate the physicochemical properties of Cajanus cajan starch (CCS) for use as pharmaceutical excipient and to compare its properties with official maize starch. Cajanus cajan seeds yielded 32.6 % starch on dry weight basis and several physicochemical characteristics of the extracted CCS and maize starch were evaluated such as: pH, moisture content, cold water solubility, swelling capacity, hydration capacity, moisture uptake, Amylose/Amylopectin ratio, flow properties and bulk and tapped densities. Also, the microphotograph and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) had been taken for both starch samples. The physicochemical properties of CCS compared favorably with those of maize starch, suggesting that CCS can be used as tablet excipient in pharmaceutical industries.
The use and abuse of participatory governance by populist governments
Authors: Batory Agnes , Svensson Sara
Published: March 2019

Populists claim that they alone represent the voice of the people against a corrupt elite. We argue that populist governments augment this claim by appropriating and manipulating the language and methods of participatory governance. Advancing an analytical framework on content, process, effect, resource efficiency and communication dimensions, we illustrate these arguments with the National Consultations in Hungary in 2010–18. Our conclusion for the case study is that these exercises were deeply flawed for securing popular input into policy-making. The implication for scholarship is that participatory governance enthusiasts need to be more aware not just of the uses, but also the abuses, of public input, while scholars of populism should pay more attention to the actual policies and practices populist actors employ to gain or maintain power.
Effect of cold and frozen temperatures on artisanal goat cheese containing probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolates (Lactobacillus plantarum TW14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus TW2)
Authors: Setyawardani Triana , Sumarmono Juni , Widayaka Kusuma
Published: March 2019

Aim: The research was conducted to determine the effect of temperature and storage duration on the physicochemical, lipolytic, microbiological, and proteolytic characteristics of goat cheese made using Lactobacillus plantarum TW14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus TW2 bacteria.

Materials and Methods: The cheese was stored at 4°C and −20°C for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Observations were made on its physicochemical, lipolysis, and microbiological characteristics. The proteolysis pattern was measured with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Results: The protein, fat, ash and total solids levels of cold-stored cheese were higher than the frozen-stored one. The frozen-stored cheese's free fatty acids (FFA) and acid degree value (ADV) levels are lower than those of the cold-stored cheese as indicated by the partial lipolysis event. The total yeast in the frozen-stored cheese is lower than that in the frozen-stored cheese. Finally, the electrophoresis profile indicates that proteolysis of the frozen-stored cheese is formed since there have been detected αs1-casein, αs2-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein in the casein breakdown during the 60-day storage.

Conclusion: The physicochemical characteristics of cold-stored cheese are better than the cheese stored at frozen temperature. However, frozen-stored cheese produces lower FFA and ADV than cold-stored cheese and lipolysis occurs only partially.
Advanced Waterjet Technology for Machining Curved and Layered Structures
Authors: Liu H.-T. (Peter)
Published: March 2019

Considerable advancements in waterjet technology take advantage of its inherent merits as a versatile machine tool have been achieved in recent years. Such advancements include, but are not limited to, process automation, machining precision, multimode machining of most materials from macro to micro scales, and cost effectiveness with fast turnaround. In particular, waterjet as a cold cutting tool does not introduce heat-affected zones (HAZ) and preserves the integrity of parent materials. As such, for heat-sensitive materials, its cutting speed is over ten times faster than those of thermal-based tools, such as solid-state lasers, electric discharge machining (EDM), and plasmas cutting. Although waterjet is basically a 2D machined tool, novel multi-axis accessories were developed to enable 3D machining and for machining on workpieces with 3D geometry. For composites, waterjet unlike mechanical routers is capable of minimizing or mitigating tearing and fraying. CNC hard tools that are in direct contact with highly abrasive composite matrix often experience rapid wearing while the heat generated by machining processes induces thermal damage to the composite. This is a nonissue for waterjet as it is a noncontact tool. The only issue for machining composites with waterjet was the damage caused by large stagnating pressure developed inside blind holes during the initial piercing operation (before breakthrough). Considerable effort was made to understand and resolve the waterjet piercing damage issue. For extremely precise parts, waterjet can serve advantageously as a near-net shaping tool; the parts can then be finished by light trimming with proper precision tools. Since the bulk of the material is removed by waterjet, the operating lives of the precision tools can be greatly extended. This paper presents a collection of waterjet-machined samples to demonstrate many benefits by applying waterjet for multimode machining of curved and layered structures.
Supramolecular concepts and approaches in corrosion and biofouling prevention
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S.
Published: March 2019

Supramolecular chemistry is one of the exciting branches of chemistry where non-covalent interactions between molecules and the ensuing supramolecular structures have been studied for various applications. The present review provides a comprehensive outlook on the applications and potentials of supramolecular chemistry in corrosion and biofouling prevention. Reported works associating supramolecular chemistry with corrosion are systematically discussed under two sections: (i) surface coatings and (ii) corrosion inhibitors that include supramolecular polymers, host-guest inclusion compounds, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, and supramolecular structures of graphene, crown ethers, self-assembled monolayers, etc. Different strategies for making antifouling surfaces based on block copolymers/gel systems, host-guest systems, and metal-organic structures are briefed. Cyclodextrin and mesoporous silica-based host-guest systems are extensively discussed, as they are the most prominent materials of current research interest. Future potentials for developments are presented. The review is expected to be beneficial to enhance supramolecular chemistry-related research and development in corrosion and biofouling prevention.
Design of a Robust Observer with Super-Twisting Algorithm for Simultaneous Concentration Estimation and Faults Reconstruction in a CSTR
Authors: Boudjellal M. , Illoul R.
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the problem of simultaneous concentration and faults estimations of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) subject to unknown inputs. We propose a combination of two robust nonlinear observers for state estimation and fault reconstruction without any use of a linear approximation of the CSTR dynamic model. Based on the high-gain observer, the proposed scheme can guarantee the asymptotic estimation of the concentration inside the reactor, while, a robust term is added to the nominal plant on the basis of the super-twisting algorithm for fault reconstruction. The stability analysis is proved mathematically using the Lyapunov theory. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme are illustrated via simulations.
NIR Spectroscopy Coupled Chemometric Algorithms for Rapid Antioxidants Activity Assessment of Chinese Dates (Zizyphus Jujuba Mill.)
Authors: Arslan Muhammad , Xiaobo Zou , Tahir Haroon Elrasheid , Xuetao Hu , Rakha Allah , Zareef Muhammad , Seweh Emmanuel Amomba , Basheer Sajid
Published: March 2019

In this work, near-infrared spectroscopy coupled the classical PLS and variable selection algorithms; synergy interval-PLS, backward interval-PLS and genetic algorithm-PLS for rapid measurement of the antioxidant activity of Chinese dates. The chemometric analysis of antioxidant activity assays was performed. The built models were investigated using correlation coefficients of calibration and prediction; root mean square error of prediction, root mean square error of cross-validation and residual predictive deviation (RPD). The correlation coefficient for calibration and prediction sets and RPD values ranged from 0.8503 to 0.9897, 0.8463 to 0.9783 and 1.86 to 4.88, respectively. In addition, variable selection algorithms based on efficient information extracted from acquired spectra were superior to classical PLS. The overall results revealed that near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric algorithms could be used for rapid quantification of antioxidant content in Chinese dates samples.
A 3-Dimensional Body Fitted Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer in Rice Kernel during Hot Air Drying Process
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Yang Junhong , Du Tengfei , Wu Zhonghua
Published: March 2019

A precise geometry model of the rice kernel is necessary to predict the moisture content and temperature distribution, or even drying stress in the kernel. In this study, a three-dimensional body fitted model of brown rice (Chunyou 84) kernel was developed by using image processing method, and the COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the drying process of the brown rice and compared with the experimental results. The maximum deviation between the simulated and experimental results was about 8%. During the drying process, the temperature gradient in the rice kernel only occurred a few minutes at the initial drying period (0–6.5 min, at 45 °C), while the moisture content gradient lasted in the whole drying process. Simulation and experimental results showed that the hot air temperature was one main factor governing the drying process of the brown rice.
Some Novel Solitary Wave Characteristics for a Generalized Nonlocal Nonlinear Hirota (GNNH) Equation
Authors: Duan Chaonan , Yu Fajun , Tian Mengzhe
Published: March 2019

The generalized nonlocal nonlinear Hirota (GNNH) equation has been widely concerned, it can be regarded as the generalization of the nonlocal Schrödinger equation, and can be reduced to a nonlocal Hirota equation. In this paper, we mainly study a GNNH equation and its determinant representation of the N-fold Darboux transformation. Then we derive some novel exact solutions including the breather wave solitons, bright solitons, some characteristics of solitary wave and interactions are considered. In particularly, the dynamic features of one-soliton, two-soliton solutions and the elastic interactions between the two solitons are displayed. We find that unlike the local case, the q(x,t) and

q

∗

(
−
x
,
t
)

$q^{*}(-x,t)$

of the GNNH equation have some novel characteristics of solitary wave, which are different form the classical Hirota equation.
Perspektiven zur Didaktik und Methodik für Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) in China – am Beispiel „Hochschuldeutsch“
Authors: ZHU Jianhua
Published: March 2019

Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert die Lehrerausbildung für Deutsch als Fremdsprache in China. Vor dem Hintergrund einer langen historischen Entwicklung und der Tendenz zur Vielsprachigkeit in der Gegenwart erfährt der Deutschunterricht heutzutage einen Boom in China. Dabei sind die Anpassung an den großen Bedarf an Lehrkräften, die Verbesserung der Lehrinhalte und Lehrmethoden sowie der Einsatz der modernen Lehrtechnik wichtige Faktoren für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung.
Zukunftsvisionen für die chinesische Germanistik
Authors: SZURAWITZKI Michael
Published: March 2019

Im Beitrag werden Zukunftsvisionen für die chinesische Germanistik vorgestellt. Nach einer Einführung steht ein Abschnitt zur Fachgeschichte der Germanistik in China, bevor auf die gegenwärtige Situation und auf die Zukunft der Germanistik im Reich der Mitte Bezug genommen wird. Hierbei kommen verschiedene Aspekt in den Blick, wie das Wachstum, Publikationspraxen, Binnendifferenzierung und die Situation des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses.
Anwendungsorientierter Deutschunterricht im 2 plus 3-Programm
Authors: WENG Zhenhua
Published: March 2019

Diese Arbeit beginnt mit der Vorstellung des 2 plus 3-Programms der Zhejiang University of Science and Technology (ZUST). Die Autorin geht der Frage anschließend nach, worin, trotz der offensichtlichen Attraktivität des Doppelstudiums, die größten Schwierigkeiten liegen. Die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zeigen, dass sowohl die interkulturellen Schwierigkeiten als auch der mangelhafte Wortschatz den Studienalltag signifikant erschweren. Um Lösungen aufzuzeigen, wird der aktuelle Deutschunterricht im 2 plus 3-Programm erklärt. Die Erfahrungen zeigen, dass sich vor allem mit einem anwendungsorientierten Sprachenlernen die besten Ergebnisse erzielen lassen. Als Schlussbetrachtungen werden weitere Überlegungen für die Verbesserung des Programms erläutert.
Integration von Sprach- und Fachlernen im Kontext chinesisch-deutscher Kooperationsstudiengänge am Beispiel des Maschinenbaustudiums an der Chinesisch-Deutschen Technischen Fakultät (CDTF, Qingdao/Paderborn)
Authors: DENZER Vera , DIDIER Andrea , DRUMM Sandra , HAMBACH Dennis , KAPLINSKA-ZAJONTZ Marta , NOEKE Josef , SETTINIERI Julia , XI Lin , ZHU Hongyu
Published: March 2019

Am Beispiel des chinesisch-deutschen Kooperationsstudiengangs Maschinenbau an der Chinesisch-Deutschen Technischen Fakultät in Qingdao (China) werden unter Rückgriff auf unterschiedliche im Rahmen formativer Evaluation erhobener Datensätze Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Integration von Fach- und Sprachlernen sowie Optimierungsmöglichkeiten der Unterstützung des studienvorbereitenden und -begleitenden (Fach-)Spracherwerbs diskutiert.
Defying chronology: Crosslinguistic variation in reverse order reports
Authors: Vanek Norbert , Mertins Barbara
Published: March 2019

Much of how we sequence events in speech mirrors the order of their natural occurrence. While event chains that conform to chronology may be easier to process, languages offer substantial freedom to manipulate temporal order. This article explores to what extent digressions from chronology are attributable to differences in grammatical aspect systems. We compared reverse order reports (RORs) in event descriptions elicited from native speakers of four languages, two with (Spanish, Modern Standard Arabic [MSA]) and two without grammatical aspect (German, Hungarian). In the Arabic group, all participants were highly competent MSA speakers from Palestine and Jordan. Standardized frequency counts showed significantly more RORs expressed by non-aspect groups than by aspect groups. Adherence to chronology changing as a function of contrast in grammatical aspect signal that languages without obligatory marking of ongoingness may provide more flexibility for event reordering. These findings bring novel insights about the dynamic interplay between language structure and temporal sequencing in the discourse stream.
Morphological reassessment and new locality records for Galea comes Thomas, 1919 (Rodentia, Caviidae)
Authors: Teta Pablo , Madozzo-Jaén María Carolina , Bezerra Alexandra M.R. , Ortiz Pablo E. , Lucero Sergio O. , Jayat J. Pablo
Published: March 2019

The genus Galea Meyen, 1833 includes at least five species of terrestrial, diurnal and herbivorous cavies that occupy grasslands and rocky scrub areas at both high and low elevations in South America. According to the available molecular and morphological data, Galea comes Thomas, 1919 is restricted to highland areas above 2000 m in southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. Its distributional range as well as its morphological distinctiveness from other closely related species (Galea leucoblephara and Galea musteloides) is poorly documented. Using both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, we provided an emended diagnosis for G. comes. In addition, we added six new locality records to its known distribution.
Topological plasmonic edge states in a planar array of metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Honari-Latifpour Mostafa , Yousefi Leila
Published: March 2019

Photonic topological insulators (PTIs) are electromagnetic structures with highly robust unidirectional edge states, originating from their nontrivial bulk band topology. Here, we propose a plasmonic PTI that supports highly confined one-way edge states capable of transporting deep subwavelength optical frequency plasmons through arbitrary paths without back-scattering. The structure consists of a simple planar array of coupled plasmonic nanoparticles arranged in a perturbed honeycomb lattice that exhibits nontrivial band topology. The operation frequency of the emergent edge states is shown to be independent of the lattice constant, allowing for the miniaturization of the structure. As a high-frequency PTI with a simple and planar design, this structure is compatible with well-established integrated nanofabrication technologies and may find application in planar, compact, and topologically robust integrated nanophotonic devices.
Karl Barths aktualistische Ontologie: Ihre Substanzgrammatik des Seins und Prozessgrammatik des Werdens
Authors: Tseng Shao Kai
Published: March 2019

Dieser Artikel bietet eine Untersuchung des Begriffs „Sein-in-der-Tat“, der in der neueren englischsprachigen Sekundärliteratur Barths „aktualistische Ontologie“ genannt wird. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die zugrundeliegenden Grammatiken dieser Ontologie durch eine gründliche Untersuchung von Schlüsselbegriffen wie „Bestimmung“, „Natur“, „Wesen“ und „Sein“ zu rekonstruieren. Barth stimmt teilweise mit Hegel gegen die substantialistische Tradition überein, dass Gott ein lebendiges Subjekt und keine abstrakte Substanz ist. Gottes Subjektivität ist für Barth aber unaufhebbar und also bereits absolut, d. h. bereits an-und-für-sich. Seine Beibehaltung der traditionellen Grammatik des lateinischen Substantialismus zeigt jedoch, dass er den klassischen Theismus und damit einen gewissen Substanzbegriff dialektisch in seine aktualistische Ontologie integriert hat, zusammen mit seiner Annahme von Hegels Einsichten. Diese Ontologie wird durch die Grammatik einer grundsätzlich chalzedonischen Dialektik reguliert: das Werden ist kein Abzug und keine Veränderung, sondern ein Zusatz zum Wesen. Im Fall von Barths theologischer Ontologie steht diese Dialektik in scharfem Gegensatz zu Hegels logischer Dreieinigkeit vom An-sich-Sein, Für-sich-Sein und An-und-für-sich-Sein des Geistes. Barths theologische Ontologie ist doch chalzedonisch: Gott-an-und-für-sich wurde Gott-für-uns, ohne jemals aufzuhören, Gott-an-und-für-sich zu sein.
A Philosophy of Love: Henry More’s Moral Philosophy
Authors: Bryson James
Published: March 2019

This article is the first systematic philosophical analysis of Henry More’s ethics as set out in his Enchiridion Ethicum (1668). It builds on the insights of scholars who have identified love as a key concept in the thought of the Cambridge Platonists. It contends that More’s ethics ought to be read as a philosophy of love, integrating the rational and spiritual, intellect and will, and the divine and human through an appeal to a prayerful logic of love. Special attention is paid to More’s so-called moral axioms – what he calls Moral Noemata – which develop a logic that aims at the purification of the soul; they do not, pace modern scholars, equate moral and mathematical certainty, nor do they pave the way for the emergence of a secular morality. This article addresses the implications of More’s claim that the passions are good and how they are made virtuous. It shows how his idea of free will depends on the virtue of humility and the soul’s participation in divine wisdom. This article also includes important analysis of “Right Reason” and the “Boniform Faculty”, doctrines central to More’s ethics, and how they meet when the soul falls in love with God.
Confidence through the semiotic process
Authors: Borges Priscila Monteiro
Published: March 2019

Peirce’s semiotics is a formal doctrine of signs. As such, semiotics “would be concerned, in part, to determine the conditions for counting anything as true” (Liszka 1996: 2). Sometimes, semiotics is reduced to its first branch, speculative grammar, which concerns the classification of signs. However, critic and methodeutic are fundamental to guarantee the accuracy of the semiotic process. Critic gives “the conditions which determine the reasoning to be secure” (c.1902, CP 2.1) and methodeutic is the “study of the necessary conditions of the transmission of meaning by signs from mind to mind” (c.1897, CP 1.444). When we observe the system of sixty-six sign classes, we can find a method that provides confidence in the reasoning process. That means we can find classes of signs that represent critic and methodeutic in this system. The set of symbolic signs are the core of this process. In this paper, I will examine the interpretants of symbolic signs in order to describe the production of interpretants that increase the level of confidence in reasoning, contributing to the evolution of thought. The system of sixty-six sign classes provides a more complex set of interpretants, which might show the relation between the three branches of semiotics.
Effects of platelet rich plasma on the gastric serosal surface neomucosa formation: an experimental rodent model
Authors: Sinan Binboğa , Pınar Kasapoğlu , Elif Binboğa , Murat Cikot , Fırat Baytekin , Elif Yaprak Saraç , Mualla Bicer Gencbay , Alis Halil , Nilgün Işıksaçan
Published: March 2019

Background

Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is the platelet concentration obtained from thrombocytes in the plasma. During the healing process, the platelets are activated and then release the granules which stimulate the inflammatory cascade and healing process. Platelet derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are valuable markers used for cell regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of PRP treatment on the neomucosa formation, a potential technique for increasing the intestinal surface area in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Materials and methods

Thirty-two male Wistar-Hannover rats were divided into: sham, control, PRP-treated and last group for PRP preparation (n=8). Plasma levels of VEGF, TGFβ, EGF and FGF were quantified by ELISA. En-bloc resection of anastomotic part was performed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin.

Results

VEGF, FGF, TGFβ and EGF levels were found significantly increased in PRP-treated group compared to others (p<0.001). Neomucosa formation was observed in experimental groups but the area increased significantly in PRP group, compared to other groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion

PRP therapy in gastrointestinal anastomoses is truly beneficial and surgically applicable treatment in SBS patients.
Short-term strength training reduces gluconeogenesis and NAFLD in obese mice
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo Martins , Rodrigues Kellen Cristina da Cruz , Anaruma Chadi Pellegrini , Sant’Ana Marcella Ramos , de Campos Thaís Dantis Pereira , Gaspar Rodrigo Stellzer , Canciglieri Raphael dos Santos , de Melo Diego Gomes , Mekary Rania A , da Silva Adelino Sanchez Ramos , Cintra Dennys Esper , Ropelle Eduardo Rochete , Pauli José Rodrigo , de Moura Leandro Pereira
Published: March 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a positive correlation with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The aerobic training is an important tool in combating NAFLD. However, no studies have demonstrated the molecular effects of short-term strength training on the accumulation of hepatic fat in obese mice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term strength training on the mechanisms of oxidation and lipid synthesis in the liver of obese mice. The short duration protocol was used to avoid changing the amount of adipose tissue. Swiss mice were separated into three groups: lean control (CTL), sedentary obese (OB) and strength training obese (STO). The obese groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and the STO group performed the strength training protocol 1 session/day for 15 days. The short-term strength training reduced hepatic fat accumulation, increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity and controlling hepatic glucose production. The obese animals increased the mRNA of lipogenic genes Fasn and Scd1 and reduced the oxidative genes Cpt1a and Ppara. On the other hand, the STO group presented the opposite results. Finally, the obese animals presented higher levels of lipogenic proteins (ACC and FAS) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), but the short-term strength training was efficient in reducing this condition, regardless of body weight loss. In conclusion, there was a reduction of obesity-related hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation after short-term strength training, independent of weight loss, leading to improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity and glycemic homeostasis in obese mice. Key points: (1) Short-term strength training (STST) reduced fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver; (2) Hepatic insulin sensitivity and HPG control were increased with STST; (3) The content and activity of ACC and content of FAS were reduced with STST; (4) STST improved hepatic fat accumulation and glycemic homeostasis; (5) STST effects were observed independently of body weight change.
Cleaning Genotype Data from Diversity Outbred Mice
Authors: Broman Karl W , Gatti Daniel M , Svenson Karen L , Sen Śaunak , Churchill Gary A
Published: March 2019

Data cleaning is an important first step in most statistical analyses, including efforts to map the genetic loci that contribute to variation in quantitative traits. Here we illustrate approaches to quality control and cleaning of array-based genotyping data for multiparent populations (experimental crosses derived from more than two founder strains), using MegaMUGA array data from a set of 291 Diversity Outbred (DO) mice. Our approach employs data visualizations that can reveal problems at the level of individual mice or with individual SNP markers. We find that the proportion of missing genotypes for each mouse is an effective indicator of sample quality. We use microarray probe intensities for SNPs on the X and Y chromosomes to confirm the sex of each mouse, and we use the proportion of matching SNP genotypes between pairs of mice to detect sample duplicates. We use a hidden Markov model (HMM) reconstruction of the founder haplotype mosaic across each mouse genome to estimate the number of crossovers and to identify potential genotyping errors. To evaluate marker quality, we find that missing data and genotyping error rates are the most effective diagnostics. We also examine the SNP genotype frequencies with markers grouped according to their minor allele frequency in the founder strains. For markers with high apparent error rates, a scatterplot of the allele-specific probe intensities can reveal the underlying cause of incorrect genotype calls. The decision to include or exclude low-quality samples can have a significant impact on the mapping results for a given study. We find that the impact of low-quality markers on a given study is often minimal, but reporting problematic markers can improve the utility of the genotyping array across many studies.
Bariátriai műtétekre való pszichológiai alkalmasság felmérése
Authors: Tisljár-Szabó Eszter , Tisljár Roland
Published: March 2019

Abstract:

Nowadays, the number of bariatric surgery for treating morbid obesity is significant. There is strong evidence about the influence of mental state (depression, anxiety, eating disorder, etc.) on patient’s cooperation with the medical team and the outcome, and on the short or long-term effectiveness of surgery. However, no protocol or recommendation exist for screening patients before bariatric procedures in Hungary. Thus, even if the surgeon or the hospital requires psychological expertise, neither doctors are familiar with the expectable results of such an expertise, nor psychologists know exactly what the most important areas are to talk through with patients. This article shortly reviews the mostly used bariatric surgery procedures and presents a protocol that was developed by the Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans in detail. Based on the protocol, the core parts of the psychological interview are the following: reasons for seeking surgery (I.), weight and diet history (II.), current eating behaviors (III.), understanding of the surgery and its associated lifestyle changes (IV.), social supports (V.), and history and psychiatric symptoms (current and past) (VI.). The original protocol was completed with newer, more recent studies, statements, and with examples by the authors. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(12): 448–455.
MECANISMOS REDISTRIBUTIVOS NA ASSISTÊNCIA FINANCEIRA DA UNIÃO NO ÂMBITO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: CAVALCANTI CACILDA RODRIGUES , OLIVEIRA ROSIMAR DE FÁTIMA
Published: March 2019

RESUMO: O artigo analisa a influência de condicionantes técnicos, redistributivos e político-partidários na assistência financeira da União no âmbito da educação básica, levando em consideração os mecanismos de indução do governo federal nos programas de assistência legal e voluntária. A análise é realizada a partir de dados de transferências da União para os municípios oriundos do Portal da Transparência, no período de 2004 a 2014. Utilizando-se análise de regressão múltipla, apresentam-se evidências empíricas de que os mecanismos de indução do governo federal influenciam as transferências para municípios com baixos indicadores educacionais e com menor receita própria, porém, ficam limitados a um pequeno grupo de ações, não sendo capazes de promover a equidade entre os entes federados na dimensão dos recursos financeiros.
Microstructure Evolution and Failure Modes of a Resistance Spot Welded TWIP Steel
Authors: Colombo Tiago , Santos Guilherme dos , Teruel Pedro , Otubo Jorge , Faria Alfredo
Published: March 2019

Abstract This study discusses the microstructure, quasi-static mechanical strength and failure modes of TWIP steel weld spots. Weld spots were produced by varying the main resistance spot welding parameters: welding current, welding time and electrode compression force. All the samples showed a remarkable material hardness mismatch between the fusion zone, the heat affected zone and the base material, as evidenced by microindentation maps. Hardness at the fusion zone is lower than that of heat-affected zone and base metal, which facilitates interfacial failure mode during tensile-shear tests. However, high heat inputs promoted the failure mode changes to partial interfacial mode and then to pullout mode during tensile-shear tests as confirmed by Scanning Electron Micrographs. These changes in failure mode were accompanied by a notable increase in tensile-shear strength and energy absorption capability.
The Welding of Dissimilar Joints with Low Temperature Martensitic Transformation Filler Material
Authors: Nunes Cristiana dos Santos , Abreu Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de , Silva Cleiton Carvalho , Miranda Hélio Cordeiro de , Novotný Ladislav , Fonseca Maria Cindra
Published: March 2019

Abstract The welding of dissimilar joints is very common in systems used in oil exploration and production in deep waters. This commonly involves welding low carbon steel pipes with valves, pumps or other pipes, all of them made of alloy steel. Inconel has been used in such welding as filler material; however, this welding is preceded by a process of buttering in the low alloy steel side and a stress relief heat treatment. An alternative technique presented in this paper is the use of a welding filler metal that, during the cooling process, undergoes a martensitic transformation at a relatively low temperature, so that the resulting deformation processing offsets the contraction that occurs as a result of the cooling process. This study evaluates the application of Maraging 250 weld in a dissimilar joint of the oil industry. Tests were performed on joints of ASTM steels A516 grade 70 and AISI 8630M welded with Maraging 250. The residual stress profiles, hardness, microstructure, tensile strength and impact energy absorbed were evaluated. The welded joint with Maraging 250 showed a high intensity of compressive residual stress. The microstructure of different welding regions was analysed and compared.
Em busca do reconhecimento do distúrbio de voz como doença relacionada ao trabalho: movimento histórico-político
Authors: Masson Maria Lúcia Vaz , Ferrite Silvia , Pereira Luiz Marcello de Almeida , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto , Araújo Tânia Maria de
Published: March 2019

Resumo A elevada prevalência de alteração vocal no exercício do trabalho sinaliza um adoecimento coletivo, determinado pelo desgaste da voz sob precárias condições ocupacionais. Este artigo descreve a construção, no Brasil, do movimento histórico-político em busca do reconhecimento do distúrbio de voz como doença relacionada ao trabalho (DVRT). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, com relato dos processos históricos, incluindo os sujeitos sociais, a produção de conhecimento, os fatos que marcaram a trajetória do movimento e as proposições de uma agenda estratégica, tendo em vista a urgência da inclusão do DVRT na lista de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho do Ministério da Saúde. Foram adotados três eixos de análise: a) técnico-científico, sobre os avanços na caracterização do distúrbio de voz e do nexo com o trabalho; b) jurídico-institucional, relativo às formas institucionais de reconhecimento jurídico deste nexo; e c) político-profissional, no qual se discute a articulação dos atores sociais na defesa do reconhecimento do DVRT. Durante quase duas décadas destacam-se o importante papel da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo no fomento às discussões e as principais dificuldades para o reconhecimento formal do DVRT.
Pesquisa qualitativa no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira: vozes, lugares, saberes/fazeres
Authors: Ramos Déborah Karollyne Ribeiro , Paiva Irismar Karla Sarmento de , Guimarães Jacileide
Published: March 2019

Resumo Objetivou-se apreciar pesquisas qualitativas que tomam por base o contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. Para tanto, realizou-se revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Lilacs e Scielo que resultou na seleção de 25 artigos. Em síntese, os sujeitos das pesquisas são trabalhadores, usuários e familiares; os cenários são predominantemente os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial; e as temáticas abordam preponderantemente a dimensão técnico-assistencial da Reforma. Da análise resultaram duas categorias temáticas: Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira: processo social complexo ou reforma de modelos? – que aborda a supremacia de pesquisas científicas voltadas para as inovações e tecnologias assistenciais em saúde mental, em detrimento dos âmbitos político, ideológico e social que compreendem a Reforma brasileira; Reforma ou revolução: atores sociais entre parênteses? – traz como proposta para reverter essa situação uma revolução permanente em todas as frentes, convocando a força dos movimentos sociais. Urge a necessidade de resgatar o fundamento político e a direção dos movimentos sociais na luta de classes, posto que não cabe apenas recusa ou denúncia, mas criar formas instituintes e revolucionárias de viabilizar a Reforma.