bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a proprioceptive focal stimulation (Equistasi®) on reducing the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury in female footballers
Authors: Spolaor Fabiola , Guiotto Annamaria , Ciniglio Alfredo , Cibin Federica , Sawacha Zimi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Football presents a high rate of lower limb injuries and high incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture, especially in women. Due to this there is the need to optimize current prevention programs. This study aims to verify the possibility to reduce the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury, through the application of proprioceptive stimulation by means of the Equistasi® device.

Methods

Ten elite female footballers were enrolled and received the device for 4 weeks (5 days/week, 1h/day). Athletes were assessed directly on-field at four time points: T0 and T1 (evaluation without and with the device), T2 (after 2 weeks), T4 (after 4 weeks) while performing two different tasks: Romberg Test, and four sidestep cutting maneuvers bilaterally. Seven video cameras synchronized with a plantar pressure system were used, thirty double colored tapes were applied on anatomical landmarks, and three dimensional coordinates reconstructed. Vertical ground reaction forces and center of pressure data were extracted from the plantar pressure insoles. Hip, knee, and ankle flexion-extension angles and moments were computed as well as abd-adduction joint torques. From the Romberg Test both center of pressure descriptive variables and frequency analysis parameters were extracted. Each variable was compared among the different time frames, T1, T2 and T4, through Friedman Test for non-parametric repeated measures (p<0.05); Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for comparing variables between T0 and T1 (p<0.05) and across the different time frames as follows: T1–T2, T2–T4 and T1–T4.

Results

Statistically significant differences in both posturographic and biomechanical variables between the assessment at T0 and T1 were detected. Reduced hip and knee abduction torques were revealed in association with reduced both ground reaction forces and ankle dorsiflexion torque from T1 up to T4.

Discussion

The proprioceptive stimuli showed to have the potential to improve cutting biomechanics mainly with respect to the ligament and quadriceps dominance theories. Results of the present study, even if preliminary and on a small sample size, could be considered promising towards the inclusion of proprioceptive training in injury prevention programs.
The effects of 10-week plyometric training program on athletic performance in youth female handball players
Authors: Gaamouri Nawel , Hammami Mehrez , Cherni Yosser , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat , Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel , van den Tillaar Roland
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a 10-week plyometric training (PT) on changes of direction, jumping ability, repeated sprint ability, and both muscular strength and power in youth female handball players.

Methods

Twenty-eight participants (age: 15.8 ± 0.2 years) were randomly divided into a plyometric group (PG; n = 14) or a control group (CG; n = 14). Significant (group × time) interaction was noted for change of direction (COD) [Modified agility T-test (T-half)], three jumping tests [squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and standing long jump (SLJ)], repeated sprint ability (RSA), muscular strength (1-RM bench press and 1-RM half squat) and muscular power (force-velocity test for both upper and lower limb).

Results

With a group × time interaction, the PG enhanced the T-half performance [p < 0.001, Δ = 10.4, d = 1.95 (large)] compared to the CG. The PG enhanced the jump performance over SJ [p = 0.009, Δ = 18.3, d = 0.72 (medium)], CMJ [p = 0.005, Δ = 20.7, d = 0.79 (medium)] and SLJ [p < 0.001, Δ = 24.5, d = 2.25 (large)]. Three of four RSA scores increased significantly in the PG compared to the CG [p < 0.001, Δ = 2.76, d = 1.11 (large); p < 0.001, Δ = 2.72, d = 1.23 (large); and p < 0.001, Δ = 2.75, d = 1.21 (large), in best time (RSA-BT), mean time (RSA-MT) and total time (RSA-TT), respectively]. In contrast, group × time interactions revealed no significant differences in both 1-RM bench press and 1-RM half squat performance between PG and CG. Regarding the force velocity performance, the PG enhanced 3 of 4 force velocity scores for the upper limb performance [p < 0.001, d = 1 (large); p < 0.001, d = 1.13 (large) and p = 0.012, d = 0.72 (medium) for the peak power in these two forms (W and W·kg-1), and maximal pedalling velocity, respectively], and 2 of 4 force velocity scores for the lower limb performance [p = 0.045, d = 0.56 (medium); and p = 0.021, d = 0.65 (medium) for the peak power in these two forms (W and W·kg-1), respectively].

Conclusion

It was concluded that additional PT performed two times per week during 10 weeks enhances measures related to game performance, such as COD, jump ability, RSA, and power in youth female handball players.
Gut microbiota alternation with training periodization and physical fitness in Japanese elite athletes
Authors: Akazawa Nobuhiko , Nakamura Mariko , Eda Nobuhiko , Murakami Haruka , Nakagata Takashi , Nanri Hinako , Park Jonguk , Hosomi Koji , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kunisawa Jun , Miyachi Motohiko , Hoshikawa Masako
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in host homeostasis through regulating immune functions, enzyme activity, and hormone secretion. Exercise is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition and function. However, few studies have investigated the gut microbiome during training periodization. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between training periodization and the gut microbiome in elite athletes.

Methods

In total, 84 elite athletes participated in the cross-sectional study; and gut microbiome was determined during their transition or preparation season period. Further, 10 short-track speed skate athletes participated in the longitudinal study, which assessed the gut microbiome and physical fitness such as aerobic capacity and anaerobic power in the general and specific preparation phase of training periodization. The gut microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

The cross-sectional study revealed significant differences in Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides, and Alistipes genera and in enterotype distribution between transition and preparation season phase periodization. In the longitudinal study, training phase periodization altered the level of Bacteroides, Blautia, and Bifidobacterium in the microbiome. Such changes in the microbiome were significantly correlated with alternations in aerobic capacity and tended to correlate with the anaerobic power.

Discussion

These findings suggest that periodization alters the gut microbiome abundance related to energy metabolism and trainability of physical fitness. Athlete's condition may thus be mediated to some extent by the microbiota in the intestinal environment.
Silages of sorghum, Tamani guinea grass, and Stylosanthes in an integrated system: production and quality
Authors: Prado Laís Guerra , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , da Silva Luciana Maria , Costa Adriano Carvalho , Severiano Eduardo da Costa , Costa João Victor Campos Pinho , Habermann Eduardo , e Silva João Antônio Gonçalves
Published: July 2023

Crop–livestock integration systems are efficient technologies for diversifying production and promoting agricultural sustainability. However, less is known about the triple intercropping of crops for silage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry mass production, fermentation profile, and nutritive value of sorghum silage intercropped with Tamani guinea grass and Stylosanthes cv. Bela in integrated systems. We used an experimental design with randomized blocks with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage of (1) sorghum in monocropped; (2) Tamani guinea grass in monocropped (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Tamani); (3) Stylosanthes cv. Bela in monocropped (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. BRS Bela); (4) sorghum intercropped with Tamani guinea grass; (5) sorghum intercropped with Stylosanthes cv. Bela; (6) Stylosanthes cv. Bela intercropped with Tamani guinea grass; and (7) sorghum intercropped with Tamani guinea grass and Stylosanthes cv. Bela, totaling 28 experimental silos. Our results demonstrated that intercropping sorghum with tropical forages can be utilized in integrated silage production systems. This practice led to an increase in silage mass production per unit area while also providing pasture forage after the crop harvest for silage production, ultimately enhancing land-use efficiency in a sustainable manner. Silage produced from sorghum intercropped with Tamani guinea grass and Stylosanthes cv. Bela exhibited improved fermentative characteristics, as well as higher ether extract and total digestible nutrient contents compared with silage from monocropped forages. Tropical forages contributed to an increase in the crude protein content of monocropped sorghum silage, which could potentially reduce costs associated with acquiring protein salts for ruminant feed supplementation. Consequently, we recommend the triple intercropping of sorghum, Tamani guinea grass, and Bela for silage production, as it offers advantages for the cultivation of annual and tropical forage crops.
Case report: Successful medical management of adrenocortical carcinoma with metastasis in a Maltese dog
Authors: Park Sin-Wook , Kim Keon , Kim Ock-Kyu , Ro Woong-Bin , Lee Chang-Min
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) with metastasis has a grave prognosis, and adrenalectomy is associated with a high perioperative mortality rate in dogs. A favorable outcome following trilostane treatment in patients with metastatic ACC confirmed by a decreased size of the adrenal tumor and metastatic lesions has not been reported in dogs.

Case description

A 12-year-old neutered male Maltese dog was diagnosed with a right adrenal tumor and a hepatic mass. Adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADH) was diagnosed based on clinical signs and an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test (ACTHST). In addition, tests for plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine ruled out a pheochromocytoma. Based on cytology and computed tomography, unresectable metastatic ACC was confirmed. The dog was managed with trilostane due to the presence of distant metastasis. Medical management improved the clinical signs and post-ACTHST cortisol concentrations. One year after the first presentation, the clinical signs and ACTHST test showed a favorable outcome. In addition, computed tomography revealed a decreased size of the right adrenal tumor and resolution of the hepatic mass.

Conclusions

Trilostane could be considered as a treatment option for unresectable metastatic ACC. A decrease in tumor size following treatment with trilostane has not been reported in dogs. This case report is the first to demonstrate a favorable outcome of metastatic ACC following trilostane mono therapy for >1 year.
Case report: Emphysematous cystitis due to Escherichia coli infection with the extension of gas into multiple locations in two non-diabetic dogs: a computed tomographic diagnosis and successful management
Authors: Lee Eun-Ji , Lee Jeong-Min , Kim Jin-Young , Hwang Tae-Sung , Song Kun-Ho , Song Joong-Hyun
Published: July 2023

Emphysematous cystitis is an extremely rare, complicated urinary tract infection with the presence of gas in the bladder wall and lumen caused by gas-producing bacterial infections. A 7-year-old spayed female pomeranian dog was presented with a 3-day history of hematuria and pollakiuria (case 1), and a 9-year-old spayed female jindo dog was presented with a 4-day history of intermittent hematuria (case 2). Imaging modalities, including radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography, and bacterial culture tests were used for the diagnosis. Emphysematous cystitis due to Escherichia coli infection with the extension of gas into multiple locations was identified in both cases. Based on the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing, systemic antibiotics were initiated. Both animals had an excellent response to antibiotic treatment, and the clinical signs of the gas collection were completely resolved within ~1 month after treatment initiation. This response was sustained without recurrence in the follow-up period. This case report describes clinical details of extremely rare canine cases of emphysematous cystitis with the extension of gas into multiple locations and evaluates the clinical efficacy of antibiotic therapy.
Evaluation of the temperature and humidity index to support the implementation of a rearing system for ruminants in the Western Amazon
Authors: Silva Welligton Conceição da , Printes Oscar Vitor Nina , Lima Dagmar Oliveira , Silva Éder Bruno Rebelo da , dos Santos Maria Roseane Pereira , Camargo Júnior Raimundo Nonato Colares , Barbosa Antônio Vinicius Corrêa , Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da , Silva André Guimarães Maciel e , Silva Lilian Kátia Ximenes , Araújo Cláudio Vieira de , Britto Elton Nunes , Lourenço-Júnior José de Brito
Published: July 2023

The good productive and reproductive performance of the animals depends on multiple factors, including favorable climatic conditions, which are responsible for causing changes in the physiological and behavioral responses. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the temperature and humidity index (THI) to support the implementation of a rearing system in ruminants in the Western Amazon, Brazil. Monthly temperature and relative humidity data were obtained from the Database for Teaching and Research (BDMEP) for the capitals Manaus (Amazonas), Boa Vista (Roraima), and Rio Branco (Acre), considering a historical series of 27 years (1993 to 2020), referring from January to December. In the capital Boa Vista, the months of January, February, May, June, and July showed an indication of mild stress and the months of March, April, August, September, October, November, and December had moderate stress. In Rio Branco, all months of the year presented the average THI in mild stress with variations of lower THI (73) and higher THI (77). In the capital Manaus, the months from January to July signaled mild stress, but from August to November, there was moderate stress, and in December, there was mild stress. It is possible to observe significant climatic variations during the months as well as the years of study, with the animals under thermal stress with THI > 72 or in a warning signal, with a gradual increase in temperature and humidity indices over the last 10 years. The importance of the breeding system and the consideration of environmental factors, such as the THI, are fundamental for the wellbeing and performance of cattle raised in the field. Our results support the adoption of heat stress mitigation strategies for ruminants in Western Amazon.
Using Automated Blogging for Creation and Delivery of Topic-Centric News
Authors: Crouse David
Published: July 2023

Every day, news relevant to Extension clientele is posted to the Internet from a variety of sources such as the popular press, scientific journals, and government agency press releases. In order to stay current with the information being published, an end-user must be following all of the possible sources of information. That task can be intimidating and impractical. The development and publication of an automated news-indexing blog provides readers with a single source for daily, even hourly, updates of current events related to a specific topic.
Mobilizing Members, Volunteers, and Leaders in Extension: The Call to Action
Authors: Culp Ken
Published: July 2023

Mobilizing members, volunteers, and leaders is the all-important component of a volunteer program and consists of three steps, including engage, motivate, and supervise. Providing service to an organization cannot occur without engaging its volunteers and leaders. Engaging in the performance of tasks and roles too quickly will generally result in frustration, poor performance, and a poor retention rate. Administrators of volunteer programs should understand the motives that contribute to beginning, continuing, and discontinuing volunteer service. During the supervising phase, Extension professionals and volunteer administrators determine how well the volunteer is using the available resources to perform the assigned task.
Tying the Design of Your Camp Staff Training to the Delivery of Desired Youth Outcomes
Authors: Galloway Robin , Bourdeau Virginia , Arnold Mary , Nott Brooke
Published: July 2023

As experience camp directors, we've seen the challenges faced by young camp counselors and inexperienced staff. Evaluations from staff at many camps motivated us to help our people be more effective with their campers. In response we created a comprehensive camp staff training. Lessons showed staff what we wanted them to do and say as they worked with campers. A key element of the training program was daily staff professional development sessions throughout camp. Evaluation results for both staff and campers show that intentional training on staff skills and behaviors supported the camp in achieving its identified youth development outcomes.
The Virginia Geocoin Adventure: An Experiential Geospatial Learning Activity
Authors: Johnson Laura , McGee John , Campbell James , Hays Amy
Published: July 2023

Geospatial technologies have become increasingly prevalent across our society. Educators at all levels have expressed a need for additional resources that can be easily adopted to support geospatial literacy and state standards of learning, while enhancing the overall learning experience. The Virginia Geocoin Adventure supports the needs of 4-H groups and other educators, by providing a low-cost and user-friendly entry point to expose students to geospatial tools, such as GPS receivers, geographic viewers, and basic remote sensing techniques.
Use of Program Theory in a Nutrition Program for Grandchildren and Grandparents
Authors: Koenings Mallory , Arscott Sara
Published: July 2023

Grandparents University ® (GPU) is a 2-day campus-based nutrition education program for grandparents and grandchildren based on constructs from Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior. This article describes how program theory was used to develop a working model, design activities, and select outcome measures of a 2-day nutrition program at GPU 2010 that fostered behavioral intention among intergenerational participants to eat more fruits and vegetables and become more physically active.
Avian Influenza Biosecurity: Filling the Gaps with Non-Traditional Education
Authors: Madsen Jennifer , Tablante Nathaniel
Published: July 2023

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza have become endemic, crippling trade and livelihood for many, and in rare cases, resulting in human fatalities. It is imperative that up-to-date education and training in accessible and interactive formats be available to key target audiences like poultry producers, backyard flock owners, and emergency responders. Online tools such as Moodle™, Second Life™, and Facebook are excellent resources for Extension educators and have been implemented in the arsenal of the avian influenza biosecurity program. However, each online tool has its pros and cons, and Extension educators must use the best tool for each target audience.
The Maine Garlic Project: A Participatory Research and Education Program
Authors: Fuller David , Johnson Steven
Published: July 2023

Participatory research is a useful technique for collecting basic data over a large geographic area. Garlic production was chosen as a participatory research study focus in Maine. Project participants (285) received bulbs to plant, monitored their crop, and reported data online. Participants received a monthly educational newsletter to improve their garlic production and maintain interest in the project. The project introduced many new gardeners to growing garlic for the first time. Participants overwhelmingly reported they shared the information they learned and that they plan to continue to grow garlic. The successful project benefited Maine growers and Extension staff.
Home Food Preservation Training for Extension Educators
Authors: Goard Linnette , Hill Melinda , Shumaker Katherine , Warrix Marisa
Published: July 2023

During times of economic downturn, there has been an increased interest in home food preservation. As the primary resource for current research-based recommendations, a team of Extension Family and Consumer Sciences educators with specialization in food safety and food preservation responded to this demand by developing a standardized food preservation curriculum to provide programming. The curriculum was used to train Extension Family and Consumer Sciences educators so they could meet the current need of home food preservation requests for programming at the county level.
Strength Training Improves Body Image and Physical Activity Behaviors Among Midlife and Older Rural Women
Authors: Seguin Rebecca , Elridge Galen , Lynch Wesley , Paul Lynn
Published: July 2023

The effect of strength training on body image is understudied. The Strong Women Program, a 10-week, twice weekly strength-training program, was provided by Extension agents to 341 older rural women (62±12 years); changes in body image and other psychosocial variables were evaluated. Paired-sample t-test analyses were conducted to assess mean differences pre- to post-program. Strength training was associated with significant improvements in several dimensions of body image, health-related quality of life, and physical activity behaviors, satisfaction, and comfort among rural aging women—an often underserved population that stands to benefit considerably from similar programs.
Using Clicker Technology with Rural, Low-Income Mothers: Collecting Sensitive Data Anonymously
Authors: Ginter Amanda , Maring Elisabeth , Pelag Brad , Valluri Swetha
Published: July 2023

As part of a multi-state study on health message development, a group of family researchers, Extension faculty, and a learning technologist used audience-response systems, or "clickers," to display and record focus group participants' responses to questions. This article describes how the authors used clicker technology in focus group settings, clicker training for facilitators, and lessons learned. The clicker technique is useful to collect local and personal data anonymously in group settings for program evaluation purposes. Implications for future research and Extension education are discussed.
The Effectiveness of Distance Education, Using Blended Method of Delivery for Limited-Resource Audiences in the Nutrition Education Program
Authors: Campbell Casey , Koszewski Wanda , Behrends Donnia
Published: July 2023

The study reported here sought to determine if the use of distance education lessons for teaching limited resource participants in a nutrition education program (NEP) is as effective as face-to-face methodology. One hundred and six participants were in the experimental group. Data was gathered at entry and examined behavior change, nutrient intake change, and self-efficacy. Results demonstrated that the participants made positive behavior changes, improved nutrient intake, and increased in self-efficacy as a result of the distance lessons. It was found that the use of distance education is an acceptable option when common barriers to face-to-face learning exist.
GIS in Public Planning Agencies: Extension Opportunities
Authors: Göçmen Asigül
Published: July 2023

This article examines opportunities for Extension professionals regarding GIS functions relevant to planning and applicable for public agencies. The study uses data from two surveys examining perspectives of professionals in Wisconsin's public planning agencies and educators from University of Wisconsin-Extension. The results show that the use of GIS in public planning agencies is mostly limited to routine and administrative tasks rather than more advanced functions of analysis, modeling, and alternative scenario evaluation. Extension educators and specialists could play a critical role, especially by providing training opportunities, in helping these agencies use GIS more effectively.
Developing Business Continuity Plans for County Extension Offices: The Ohio Approach
Authors: Jepsen Dee , Reshan Aletha , Mann Kathy
Published: July 2023

In a world where disasters can strike at any time and at any magnitude, it is important for Extension organizations to be resilient and assist their community through localized crises. Preparedness at the organizational level has a relational effect to the amount of support available to communities at their hour of need. When county Extension offices are prepared and have protocols in place to allow them to rebound quickly, office personnel are better equipped to facilitate and respond to recovery needs. This article presents Ohio's commitment to ensure emergency preparedness of its Extension county offices using business continuity plans.
Family Communication and Multigenerational Learning in an Intergenerational Land Transfer Class
Authors: Reichenbach Michael , Jokela Becky , Sagor Eli
Published: July 2023

Recognizing intergenerational differences sets the stage for sharing and learning across the generations. An intergenerational land transfer education class was designed to engage families around the issue of parcelization and development of forested lands. A post-class survey of the Intergenerational Land Transfer class was used to evaluate outcomes. Recognizing intergenerational differences in learning was found to be important in catalyzing family discussion and protect working forestlands. This article provides an example of a multi-generational approach to teaching. This approach has implications for program areas beyond agriculture and forestry.
Unlocking Public Value: An Evaluation of the Impact of Missouri's Great Northwest Day at the Capitol Program
Authors: Magee Wilson , Maltsberger Beverly
Published: July 2023

The study reported here is an evaluation of the public value of a regional public policy engagement program. Data were obtained through surveys and document analysis. The study observed peer-learning and networking opportunities as some of the most impactful elements of GNWD at the Capitol in creating public value. Building coalitions of interest among diverse sectors of the population strengthens the development of public value. For Extension, these findings suggest that programming that focuses on collaborative efforts holds promise for sustaining communities. Extension can be the glue that permeates professional/sectoral boundaries and bonds the different fields together.
Improving the Effectiveness of an Online Fitness Program: The Walk Georgia Experience
Authors: Kriesel Warren , Crawley Connie , Bowie Maria
Published: July 2023

Many Extension programs are addressing the obesity issue through on-line physical activity programs. Using data from the Walk Georgia program at the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, two regression analyses were conducted to determine the characteristics of those who under-utilize the program and what factors influence how effectively a county recruits participants. The results of the data analysis show that Extension must develop incentives to motivate those who participate less, such as women, minorities, and those with lower incomes and less education and enlist volunteers and other community leaders to recruit more participants.
A View of Digital Scholarship in Extension
Authors: Stafne Eric
Published: July 2023

Methods for Extension personnel to engage clientele are developing rapidly. Social media and online content are used by eXtension members to generate information and deliver it quickly. These methods are found useful by information consumers; however, many universities fail to adequately address them in the promotion and tenure process. Engaged eXtension members understand the importance of using digital methods, yet career value of the effort is unclear. This ambiguity has caused participation issues within eXtension Communities of Practice. A new examination of how Extension content is valued by the consumer and by colleagues within the academic arena is warranted.
A Return to the Basics: The Solution for eXtension
Authors: King Dave , Boehlje Mike
Published: July 2023

Engagement must be the overarching goal of the land-grant system. eXtension continues to have phenomenal potential to allow new and expanded audiences access to Extension expertise and solutions, and be a driver of expanding engagement in the land-grant system, but stakeholders are asking difficult questions. If successful, eXtension could transform and expand the land-grant engagement mission. But eXtension's success is not assured. This Commentary, endorsed by a dozen Extension leaders nationwide, provides specific suggestions for how eXtension can survive and lead that transformation.
Understanding the Knowledge and Use of Experiential Learning Within Pennsylvania 4-H Clubs
Authors: Bechtel Robyn , Ewing John , Threeton Mark , Mincemoyer Claudia
Published: July 2023

Experiential learning is incorporated into the National 4-H curriculum. However, the state 4-H staff in Pennsylvania is unsure of the current knowledge and use of experiential learning within the local 4-H clubs. An online survey was distributed to Extension educators and volunteer leaders within Pennsylvania to assess the current knowledge and use of experiential learning in the state. After reviewing the results of the study, it is recommended that additional training and resources be made available to local volunteer leaders.
Extension Learning Exchange: Lessons from Nicaragua
Authors: Treadwell Paul , Lachapelle Paul , Howe Rod
Published: July 2023

There is a clear need to support global professional development, international education, and collaborative learning opportunities in Extension. The program described here established an international learning exchange in Nicaragua to lead to global professional development and future international collaboration. The primary lessons and outcomes include first-hand experience of how rural outreach/Extension agencies in a foreign culture address similar issues, development of a multi-disciplined Extension educator network, opportunities for information sharing with U.S./ Nicaraguan colleagues, and realization of the role Extension educators play as global citizens to develop innovative Extension programs within a global context. Implications for future exchanges are discussed.
Summer Youth Forestry Institute
Authors: Roesch Gabrielle , Neuffler Tamara , Zobrist Kevin
Published: July 2023

The Summer Youth Forestry Institute (SYFI) was developed to inspire youth through experiential learning opportunities and early work experience in the field of natural resources. Declining enrollments in forestry and other natural resource careers has made it necessary to actively engage youth and provide them with exposure to careers in these fields. The 2011 SYFI combined Extension Forestry and 4-H objectives by providing both youth development and forest management skills through a paid internship, targeting rural high school students in Snohomish County, WA.
Comprehensive Land Use Planning in Exurban Communities: A Case Study from Ohio
Authors: Blaine Thomas , Moss Myra , Cumming Julia , Myers Janet
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive land use planning at the county level has been a focus of a good deal of public attention in the U.S. in the post-World War II era. Because Extension is typically very active at the county level and provides substantial expertise on land use at the university level, it has long played a significant role in the planning process. This article reports the findings of a survey among residents of an exurban community on land use designed to obtain public opinion prior to the update of a comprehensive plan, contributing a sense of public inclusion to the process.
Coaching: A Tool for Extension Professionals
Authors: Allen Kim
Published: July 2023

Coaching as an approach to improving people's lives is based on a positive relationship and the philosophy that the learner is responsible for their own change. In a coach approach, the educator serves as a coach; a person to help the client succeed by "challenging and supporting a person or a team to develop ways of thinking, ways of being and ways of learning" (Berg & Karlsen, 2007). This article suggests the need for extension education to embrace the philosophy and practice of coaching as an approach to meeting the educational needs of the clients served.
Measuring Agricultural Paradigmatic Preferences: The Redevelopment of an Instrument to Determine Individual and Collective Preferences—A Pilot Study
Authors: Sanagorski Laura , Murphrey Theresa , Lawver David , Baker Matt , Lindner James
Published: July 2023

Sustainable agriculture is an area that is gaining momentum. Extension agents are expected to teach production methods that include sustainable agriculture, yet little is known regarding how Extension agents feel about this agricultural paradigm. The research reported here sought to further develop an instrument that could quantitatively measure Extension faculty members' agricultural paradigms and be used as a program-planning tool that serves to support the identification of educational program needs. The pilot study offers a valid and reliable instrument useful to both Extension agents and administration in measuring individuals' agricultural paradigms.
Using a Hybrid Approach for a Leadership Cohort Program
Authors: Norman Maxine
Published: July 2023

Because information technology continues to change rapidly, Extension is challenged with learning and using technology appropriately. We assert Extension cannot shy away from the challenges but must embrace technology because audiences and external forces demand it. A hybrid, or blended, format of a leadership cohort program was offered to public health employees in Minnesota. The rationale was to address: shrinking budgets, learners' desire for reduced time away from work, and both learners' and educators' desire for reduced travel time. Choosing this novel approach increased Extension's outreach. Here I summarize the benefits of a hybrid leadership program offering in Minnesota.
The Family-Environment Connection: Filling a Nationwide Program Gap
Authors: Santiago Anthony , Franz Nancy , Christoffel Rebecca , Cooper Kristi , Schmitt Brenda
Published: July 2023

Since its inception, Extension has focused on helping individuals, families, and communities change economic, environmental, and social conditions. Over the organization's history, environmental condition change programming has been mostly the purview of natural resource educators and less often conducted by family and consumer science professionals. There is no evidence of a comprehensive approach to environmental education in Extension linked to family development. In addition, no evidence was found of any Extension educators conducting environmental education with the family unit as the audience. The Family-Environment Connection initiative created by Iowa State University Extension and Outreach aims to fill this gap.
Use of Pictorial Evaluations to Measure Knowledge Gained by Hispanic Landscape Workers Receiving Safety Training
Authors: Bauske Ellen , Fuhrman Nicholas , Espinoza Alfredo , Orellano Rolando
Published: July 2023

Landscape work is dangerous. In the Southeast, Hispanic workers predominate in landscape industries. The incidence of functional illiteracy in this group of workers is high. A pictorial knowledge-based evaluation instrument was developed to measure the effectiveness of the trainings. No reading skills were required to take the evaluation. The evaluation instrument was not sensitive enough to measure knowledge gain as a result of the training quantitatively but has application as a strong review and discussion tool and could be used for group evaluations to collect qualitative data.
Photo-Guided Tracing: A Low-Cost Method for Monitoring Targeted Plant Species
Authors: Horney Marc , Spiess Michael
Published: July 2023

This article describes a method of producing accurate and relatively inexpensive maps of plant distribution, used here for mapping Arundo donax in a riparian ecosystem as part of an Extension outreach and community development effort. This produced a verifiable map of the plant's distribution over 16 km for approximately $3,000. This method had modest requirements for technical skills and equipment, and produced reference imagery that could be archived for later review. This made long-term monitoring more feasible to the community and provided Extension staff opportunities for training and public education.
An Integrated Approach to Supplying the Local Table: Perceptions of Consumers, Producers, and Restaurateurs
Authors: Wise Dena , Sneed Christopher , Velandia Margarita , Berry Ann , Rhea Alice , Fairhurst Ann
Published: July 2023

The Local Table project compared results from parallel surveys of consumers and restaurateurs regarding local food purchasing and use. Results were also compared with producers' perception of, capacity for and participation in direct marketing through local venues, on-farm outlets, and restaurants. The surveys found consumers' and restaurateurs' most common expectations of local foods are that they be environmentally safe and sustainably produced and distributed—all socially-conscious reasons for their purchases. The study informs Extension educators by providing a snapshot of supply and demand for local food products across three distinct groups—producers, restaurateurs and consumers.
Measuring Light with Useful Tools
Authors: Peek Gina , Hebert Paulette , Frazier Robert , Kang Mihyun
Published: July 2023

Lighting, a necessary part of our home and work environment, is often considered as an afterthought. This article describes tools that Extension educators (Agriculture, Family and Consumer Sciences, and 4-H) can use to measure light levels. 4-H youth may also participate. These tools include light meters and Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) standards. Using the tools as described is new and innovative programming, as it is unlikely that educators or youth have measured light levels before and compared them to industry standards.
Application of Item Analysis to Assess Multiple-Choice Examinations in the Mississippi Master Cattle Producer Program
Authors: Parish Jane , Karisch Brandi
Published: July 2023

Item analysis can serve as a useful tool in improvingmultiple-choice questions used in Extension programming. It can identify gaps between instruction and assessment. An item analysis of Mississippi Master Cattle Producer program multiple-choice examination responses was performed to determine the difficulty of individual examinations, assess the effectiveness of distractors for individual items, and identify specific topics appropriate for placing further educational emphasis. Specific problems with items and distractors with examinations were identified and slated for revision. The item analysis results were then combined with program participant feedback to provide further insight into the instructional needs of Extension clientele.
Testing the Use of Natural Schoolyards to Develop Stewardship Attitudes in Students
Authors: Nelson Nicole , Shaw Bret
Published: July 2023

The study reported here measured the impact of natural schoolyards, within the science curriculum, on middle school students' environmental attitudes. It was expected that students engaged in such a curriculum would show increased pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Participants were 7th-grade students in Madison, WI. A modified form of the validated short-form Measurement of Ecological Attitudes survey (Maloney & Ward, 1975) was used in a pre-test/post-test format to measure changes in students' environmental attitudes. No gains were found between pre- and post-test scores. Implications for natural schoolyard curriculum design and research, and possible outdoor Environmental Education (EE) partnership with Extension are discussed.
The Prize Is Healthy Eyes: Using Games to Educate About Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Stastny Sherri , Robinson Julie
Published: July 2023

This article describes a program for prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR) that was designed for Extension in collaboration with optometrists. The program was created to increase knowledge and awareness about risk factors for DR and included a game and take-home materials. Participants were asked to play a game similar to Wheel of Fortune. A total of 89% of questions were answered correctly. A telephone survey was used to track retention of knowledge and revealed that participants had used increased knowledge to make positive lifestyle changes. Of individuals who participated in the interactive game, measurable improvements in knowledge and awareness occurred.
Cate-Nelson Analysis for Bivariate Data Using R-project
Authors: Mangiafico Salvatore
Published: July 2023

In Extension, it is helpful to be able to analyze data in simple and innovative ways that produce easily interpretable results. Cate-Nelson analysis is a simple way to divide bivariate data into two populations to emphasize the relationship between the x variable and y variable. While a Cate-Nelson analysis could be performed by manually calculating iterative Sums of Squares to determine the best fit, this process could be partially automated with the included SAS code. Alternatively, the included R-project code automatically completes the analysis, outputs the relevant statistics, and produces the relevant plots.
Comparing Three Different Methods for Assessing Corn Silage Density
Authors: Norell Richard , Hines Steve , Chahine Mireille , Fife Tianna , Marti Mario , Parkinson Stuart
Published: July 2023

Silage density is negatively correlated with dry matter losses in storage and has been used as an Extension evaluation tool to assess ensiling management practices on farms. We compared three methods for estimating silage density on 18 farms. Core sampling is the standard method, while the calculator and feed-out methods are new alternative methods. Core sampling results were highly correlated with the calculator method but not with the feed-out method. Core sampling and the calculator method are recommended tools for estimating storage dry matter losses and evaluating alternative ensiling management practices by Extension faculty, producers, and other users.
Penginjilan Melalui Youtube Studio Sentosa Yayasan Pelayanan Pekabaran Injil Indonesian (YPPII Batu), Malang, Jawa Timur
Authors: Sufratman Sufratman , Fahrinadi Mohamad Dary
Published: July 2023

This research aims to analyze the implementation of evangelism through Youtube channels, especially on the Studio Sentosa Youtube channel initiated by the Indonesian Missionary Foundation (YPPII Batu), Malang, East Java especially in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a field research, this study uses descriptive method. The result is that the Studio Sentosa Youtube channel initiated by YPPII Batu, Malang, East Java, presents eight evangelistic segments as its flagship program namely; Life is Beautiful, Talking About The Way of Life (BIJAK), Prayer and Worship Night Coffee Life, Millennial Stories of Young People (CEMILAN), Multigenerational Service, Bible Kids Gallery (GBK), and Revival Night. These eight excellent programs are broadcasted live by Indonesian Missionary Foundation (YPPII Batu), Malang, East Java through the Studio Sentosa Youtube channel regularly and consistently. Therefore, for Indonesian Missionary Foundation (YPPII Batu), Malang, East Java, considers that the Studio Sentosa Youtube channel is the right alternative virtual evangelism media in supporting the spiritual needs of the Christian congregation, especially in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan penginjilan melalui channel Youtube, khususnya pada channel Youtube Studio Sentosa yang diinisiasi oleh Yayasan Pelayanan Pekabaran Injil Indonesia (YPPII Batu), Malang, Jawa Timur khususnya pada era pandemi Covid-19. Sebagai sebuah kajian lapangan, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasilnya bahwa channel Youtube Studio Sentosa yang diinisiasi oleh YPPII Batu, Malang Jawa Timur, menyajikan delapan segmen penginjilan sebagai program unggulannya yaitu; Life is Beautiful, Bincang-bincang Jalan Kehidupan (BIJAK), Prayer and Worship Night, Coffe Life, Cerita Milenial Anak Muda (CEMILAN), Kebaktian Multigenerasi, Galeri Bible Kids (GBK), dan Revival Night. Delapan program unggulan ini disiarkan secara langsung (Live Streaming) oleh YPPII melalui channel Youtube Studio Sentosa secara teratur dan konsisten. Karena itu, bagi YPPII Batu, Malang, Jawa Timur, menganggap bahwa channel Youtube Studio Sentosa merupakan media penginjilan virtual alternatif yang tepat dalam menunjang kebutuhan rohani jemaat umat kristiani, khususnya pada era pandemi Covid-19.
Pemahaman GMIT dalam Pokok – Pokok Eklesiologi Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor (PPE GMIT) tentang Budaya Lokal, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi berdasarkan Perspektif Glokalisasi
Authors: Nayuf Henderikus
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on the effort to interpret the relationship between the Evangelical Church of Timor (Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor – GMIT) and local culture, as well as GMIT and science and technology within the Ecclesiology Principles of GMIT. The aim is to understand and interpret the relationship between GMIT and culture, as well as GMIT's position in interpreting the advancements of science and technology, which are tangibly experienced through the force of globalization. This paper adopts a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. This approach is used to comprehend how GMIT is confronted with both the force of globalization and the strengthening of local wisdom values within the GMIT region. The phenomenon of interest is whether GMIT rejects local and global cultures or accepts both and elaborates them as instruments of service. The conclusion drawn is that in order to interpret these two forces consciously adopted as foundations in the endeavors of GMIT through the Ecclesiology Principles, a new perspective is needed, namely "glocalization." This perspective pays attention to both forces, being open to globalization while simultaneously not neglecting local culture. Both must be combined as instruments of service within GMIT.
Tulisan ini difokuskan pada upaya memaknai relasi Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor (GMIT) dan budaya lokal serta GMIT dan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dalam Pokok-pokok Eklesiologi GMIT.Tujuannya adalah agar memahami serta memaknai relasi GMIT dan budaya serta posisi GMIT dalam memaknai kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, yang secara konkrit penetrasinya dirasakan melalui kekuatan globalisasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk memahami GMIT yang diperhadapkan pada dua hal sekaligus yakni kekuatan globalisasi sekaligus menguatnya nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dalam wilayah GMIT. Fenomena yang diberi perhatian adalah apakah GMIT menolak budaya lokal dan budaya global? Atau menerima keduanya lalu mengelaborasinya sebagai instrument pelayanan? Kesimpulan yang diambil adalah dalam rangka memaknai kedua kekuatan yang secara sadar dijadikan sebagai fondasi dalam kiprah GMIT melalui Pokok – Pokok Eklesiologi, maka perlu perspektif baru, yakni glokalisasi. Perspektif ini memberi perhatian pada dua kekuatan tersebut, yakni terbuka terhadap globalisasi tetapi pada saat yang sama tidak boleh mengabaikan budaya lokal. Keduanya mesti dipadukan sebagai instrument dalam pelayanan GMIT.