bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF THE LINEAR DIFFERENCE EQUATION INTO A SYSTEM OF THE FIRST ORDER DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Authors: Ayzatsky M.I.
Published: November 2021

The transformation of the N-th-order linear difference equation into a system of the first order difference equations is presented. The proposed transformation opens possibility to obtain new forms of the N-dimensional system of the first order equations that can be useful for the analysis of solutions of the N-th-order difference equations. In particular for the third-order linear difference equation the nonlinear second-order difference equation that plays the same role as the Riccati equation for second-order linear difference equation is obtained. The new form of the Ndimensional system of first order equations can also be used to find the WKB solutions of the linear difference equation with coefficients that vary slowly with index.
PLASMA ASSISTED CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN LOW-PRESSURE GAS DISCHARGES
Authors: Dudin S.V. , Zykov A.V. , Yakovin S.D.
Published: November 2021

Experimental results of comparative study of carbon dioxide conversion efficiency to CO and O2 in the plasmas of different low-pressure discharges are presented. Inductively coupled plasma source, magnetron discharge and anode layer discharge in Hall-type ion source were used in CO2 pressure range 0.5…3 mTorr. It is shown that the best combination of high conversion rate with significant energy efficiency of the conversion is demonstrated by the ICP source.
PLASMA-CHEMICAL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF BIOTIC CONTAMINANTS
Authors: Taran G.V. , Breslavets V.A. , Zamuriev A.A. , Yaroshenko M.O. , Opalev P.O. , Maiboroda O.V.
Published: November 2021

The possibility and effectiveness of control of biotic contaminants (bacteria, micromycetes) with ozone and air activated by the plasma chemical reactor were studied as an alternative to the chemical methods of treatment using the model of hatching eggs. It was shown that as a result of the egg shell ozone treatment, bacterial contamination decreased by 3083 times after four days of treatment, and the level of microbiota decreased by 2.6 times after five days of treatment. As a result of the egg shell air treatment, bacterial contamination decreased by 30.56 times after three days of treatment, and the level of contamination with microscopic fungi decreased by 6.9 times on the fifth day of treatment. As the amount of OH radicals in the activated air increased, the level of bacterial culture decreased by 60 times on the third day of treatment, and the level of egg shell contamination with microscopic fungi decreased by 7.2 times on the fifth day of treatment.
Flood Disaster and the Vulnerability of Households to Crime in Urban Areas in Nigeria
Authors: Onah SO , Shabu T , Adaaku EM
Published: November 2021

This study explores whether natural disasters, especially flooding, would lead to a rise in violent and property crime rates, and the implications that these crimes could have on the victims. A total of 100 victims of flood induced crime in flood prone areas were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data collected using questionnaire, and records from security agency comprised of socio-economic characteristics of affected households, violent and property crime rate rise, and implications of flood induced crime as perceived by affected communities. Also reported cases of crime in affected areas were collected from Police divisional headquarters and State Police Command of flood affected areas. Data collected were analysed using percentages, frequency count. Likert scale method was used to measure increase in crime during the flood incidence in the affected areas. Using a ‘before, during and after’ approach, the study revealed that flood disaster increased the vulnerability level of households to crime and at the same time crime increased during flood disaster and decreased significantly after the disaster in urban areas in Nigeria. Also, the implication of flood induced crime include anxiety and depression (ADI=2.73), Social dysfunction (SDI=2.36) and loss of confidence (LCI=2.72). Therefore, there is need for disaster prone areas and disaster management agents in the country to incorporate security measures in disaster preparedness, coping and recovery strategies in order to minimize security challenges ensuing from natural disaster in the country during flooding
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY: LINKAGE WITH SELF REFLEXIVITY
Authors: roy Anamitra Roy
Published: November 2021

Maslow’s theory of ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ is one of the most popular psychological theories on motivation. But
with the passage of time, it has found its application in many other areas of scientific research. In today’s
world, particularly during the times of the on-going pandemic, life has become very difficult. Practicing of self
reflexivity may be expected to help in this case. When a person will look at everything through other’s eyes that
will help her/ him to relate to the problems of others and thus act accordingly. So, an effort was made in this
research to establish a relation between the said theory and the concept of self reflexivity. A basic research
methodology was followed in this research. Secondary data was collected from various sources. It was finally
concluded that there exists a direct relationship between the theory of ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ and self reflexivity.
Thus, the investigator recommended young people to develop the habit of practicing it. Strategic level
personnel (ones who are trying to meet the complex needs) were suggested to help young counterparts learn
the methodology of practicing it.
CULTURAL PRACTICE AND PROFITABILITY OF RICE-CUM-FISH CULTURE IN A SELECTED AREA OF BANGLADESH
Authors: rahman Mohammad Ataur , akter Most. Mahmuda , islam Mohammad Shahidul
Published: November 2021

The rice-cum-fish culture is an integrated farming system in which, rice is the main enterprise and fish production is
taken as additional means to secure extra income. The present study was designed to identify the socioeconomic
characteristics of the respondents, cultural practices, profitability and problems and constraints faced by the rice-cum-fish farmers. Sherpur district was selected for the study on the basis of extensive cultivation of rice-cum-fish
culture. The simple random sampling technique was used for primary data collection from 40 rice-cum-fish farmers
through semi-structured interview schedule. Both tabular and functional analyses were used to analyze the
collected data. Socioeconomic analysis showed that 37.5% of the respondents were aged between 41-50 years,
12.5% of the respondents were illiterate, 55.7% respondent’s primary occupation was agriculture and 50% of the
household annual income was between Tk. 150000-250000. The study also showed that about 42.5% of farmers
have their own plot, 62.5% of farmers cultured fish in the paddy field commercially, 55% farmers were engaged
with monoculture, 47.5% of the respondents collected their fingerling from private hatcheries, monosex tilapia was
mainly cultured in the paddy field and 70% respondents used ready feed for feeding. The profitability analysis
showed that per hectare gross return, net return, and gross margin was found to be Tk. 355180, Tk. 230879, Tk.
246179, respectively. Undiscounted benefit- cost ratio was found to be 2.86. The study also identified some of the
problems and constraints associated with rice-cum-fish culture. About 97.5% and 95% of the respondents replied
that lack of good quality seed and fingerling and lack of extension services were their main problems, respectively.
Rice-cum-fish farming is the new option for rural people to improve their livelihood. Government and other concern
organizations should take necessary steps to improve the rice-cum-fish cul
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BATES THERAPY ON VISUAL ACUITY AMONG ELDERLY IN A SELECTED OLD AGE HOME AT ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT
Authors: u Mrs. Sajeena , s Mrs. Rekha , j Mrs. Evangilene
Published: November 2021

A pre experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Bates therapy on visual acuity among
elderly in a selected old age home at Alappuzha district. The objectives of the study were to assess the mean
pretest and posttest level of visual acuity among elderly, to find out the effectiveness of Bates therapy on
visual acuity among elderly, to find out the association between pretest level of visual acuity and selected
socio demographic variables. One-group pretest posttest only design was selected for the study. The sample
composed of 33 elderly people with visual problems, selected by non-probability purposive sampling
technique. The conceptual framework of the study was Roy’s Adaptation Theory. Bates therapy was
administered to the experimental group daily for duration of 30 minutes for 26 days. In the right eye the
number of positive differences 30, and zero differences 3. After dropping the zero differences, with number of
samples n = 30, the obtained p-value is 0.00000000931 with P <0.001 level of significance whereas in the left
eye the number of positive differences 29 and zero differences 4. After dropping the zero differences, with
number of samples n = 29, the obtained P-value is 0.00000000186 with p <0.001 level of significance. Hence
we can conclude that the Bates therapy was effective in improving visual acuity. There was no significant
association between pretest level of visual acuity with selected socio demographic variables.
Stratiﬁcation as a way to increase germination of switchgrass seeds (Panicum virgatum L.)
Authors: Dryha V. V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. There is a practical interest in biofuels production from bioomass of perennial cereal grasses such as switchgrass, which is characterized by relatively high yields, low water and fertilization demand, reliable productivity in a wide geographical area, reduced soil erosion, carbon sequestration and improved wildlife habitat. The crop is propagated mainly by seeds, which is characterized by a long dormancy period, which leads to low field germination and uneven germination.

Methods. Laboratory, visual, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.

Results. The main restraining factor in switchgrass widespread introduction into production and one of the ways to reduce the biological state of rest is stratification. Therefore, the aim of the research was to investigate the influence of seed stratification on the seed vigour and germination depending on the switchgrass varietal characteristics. The article presents the results of research on the seed stratification influence on its vigor and germination depending on varietal characteristics in order to reduce the biological dormancy of seeds and significantly increase germination. Determination of the response of different genotypes to stratification, the effect of low temperature on seed germination was carried out using seeds of four varieties of different groups of maturity: American origin varieties Foresburg — early, Cavein-rock — mid-late, Alamo — late and Ukrainian origin Morozko — midlate. Stratification, i. e. cooling seeds for 7 days at a temperature of 10◦C and germination at a temperature of 20◦C provided a significant increase in seed vigour and seed germination of all studied varieties. On average, the germination energy increased by 5% and germination by 4%. Seeds stratification differently affected seeds quality depending on varietal characteristics, while no natural changes in the seed quality by maturity groups were observed. It was found that stratification had a greater impact on germination energy, with the share of impact being 20%.

Conclusions. Stratification provided a significant increase in seed vigour and germination in all studied varieties. On average, seed vigour increased by 5% and germination by 4%. But this measure does not provide a complete solution to reduce the biological state of seed dormancy.
Separation of switchgrass seeds by aerodynamic properties as a way of quality improvement
Authors: Dryha V. V. , Doronin V. A. , Kravchenko Yu. A. , Doronin V. V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the research results on the effect of seed separation (by aerodynamic properties) regime on germination energy and germination in order to reduce the biological dormancy of seeds and significantly improve the quality.

Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.

Results. With speed increasing in the aspiration column channel from 2.5 to 5.2 m/sec there was a slight change in the 1000-seed weight. There was not dependency in increase in the 1000-seed weight along with increasing air velocity.  Thus, if in the control the 1000-seed weight was 1.65 g, then at the maximum 5.2 m/sec air velocity in the aspiration channel it was 1.68 g (SSD0.05 = 0.10 g).  Germination energy and seed germination significantly increased in all separation modes except for the mode with 2.50 m/sec air velocity in the aspiration channel. The 1000-seed weight that fell into the waste naturally increased with increasing air velocity in the aspiration channel from 0.15 g to 0.40 g, and germination energy and seed similarity were at the level of 0−1%. Increasing the air speed to 7.87 m/sec provided a significant increase in seed germination energy and germination compared to the control and sorting of seeds at an air speed of 5.6 m/sec and 7.49 m/sec, and waste losses in waste increased by 28.0%.

Conclusions. Separation of switchgrass seeds of different years of vegetation, collected from panicles of different tiers and maturation dates provided a significant increase in its germination energy and germination and can be introduced into production but it does not completely solve the problem of reducing the biological dormancy of seeds.
Poverty and Human Development Index: An Inter-District Study in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Aziza Farah , Ichwan Mohamad
Published: November 2021

Central Sulawesi Province consists of 13 districts/cities with varying levels of poverty. The numbers fluctuate in the period of time of 2013 to 2020 were classified as high because they were ranked 2nd (second) compared to other provinces on the island of Sulawesi. The low quality of human capital is one of the main causes of poverty, to see the achievement of human capital investment, the education dimension is represented by the average length of schooling, the expected length of schooling, and the health dimension is represented by life expectancy, which is a measure in efforts to build the quality of human life showing an increase consistently. Increasing the quality of human capital is expected to improve the productivity of the poor. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Average Length of Schooling, Expected Length of Schooling, and Life Expectancy on poverty levels in Central Sulawesi Province. This was a quantitative research. Data used was secondary data out of 13 districts/cities in Central Sulawesi Province for the period of 2013–2020. The data was analyzed using panel data analysis with a random effect regression model. The results show that the Average Length of Schooling variable has a positive effect and is proven to increase poverty, Expected Length of Schooling has a negative effect and is proven to reduce poverty, Life Expectancy has a negative effect and is not proven to reduce poverty, Life Expectancy2 has a positive effect and is not proven to increase poverty in Central Sulawesi Province for the 2013-2020 period.
Developments of Mathematical-Physical Biology, Matrix Mechanics in Pharmacology, and Medicine with Time Sequences
Authors: Chang Yi-Fang
Published: November 2021

First, some mathematical and physical developments of biology and medicine are discussed, including biofield and biological electromagnetics. Second, we research nonlinear biology and biotopology, in which some knots may describe the protein folding. Third, symbolic dynamics of biology and the extensive quantum biology are researched. Fourth, we study the biothermodynamics and entropy. In thermodynamics of pharmacology, the main effects of various drugs are to promote internal interactions in body, and entropy decrease. Further, we introduce the diagnostic space, treatment space and some medicinal vectors, and propose the matrix mechanics of pharmacology. Finally, we research biology, medicine and pharmacology with time sequences. If we master the medication time, this will be able to get the minimum amount of medication, and the drugs can play the maximum treatment effect. If period is accurate, it can determine the time of play, negotiations, attack, etc. But, period of each individual should be change follow age, etc. This is a very valuable research.
Improving managment of teaching spaces in higher institutions: the winneba model
Authors: Owolabi S. O.
Published: November 2021

As enrolments keep expanding in tertiary institutions teaching spaces become a scare commodity. This is often so because expansion in teaching and laboratory spaces are not keeping pace with expansion in student enrolments. Efficicency in the managment of available teaching spaces becomes the watch word for institutions seeking to expand student intake. The University College of Education of Winneba which first grew out of three diploma awarding institutions had to accommodate a larger student number in its apparently overused teaching spaces in the first semester of 1992/93 session.  The use made of teaching space hitherto was assessed ex post facto. A central timetable, in which all teaching spaces on the three campuses were pooled for shared use by all students was then launched. The existing teaching spaces were not only sufficient but had rooms to spare for new programme of distant education and for residential accommodation. The use of the remaining rooms restricted to teaching (and which could accommodate were classes) were then re-assessed in March 1993 and the utilization rate increased from 25.4% to 38.9%. The installation of the central timetable on the campuses unlocked the golden gate for enrolment expansion at Winneba
Participation in secondary education in Ghana: The case of females in rural Brong Ahafo
Authors: Ankomah Yaw A.
Published: November 2021

Formal education, especially at the higher levels, plays a vital role in the development of human resources for both personal and social advancement. A cursory observation seems to indicate that, as elsewhere in Ghana, a vast proportion of females in rural Brong Ahafo does not participate in secondary education. The study was motivated by the desire to investigate the extent of participation in secondary education among females in Rural Brong Ahafo and to examine the possible underlying factors. The study revealed gross underrepresentation of rural girls in secondary education, with the key factors observed to be poor economic circumstances of parents and socio-cultural conditioning of the rural folk. These factors would need to be addressed if the participation of girls in secondary education in rural Brong Ahafo is to improve.
Abay's teaching "Tolyk adam" and modern tendencies in solving the problem of the whole man
Authors:   Институт философии, политологии и религиоведения КН МОН РК, Сартаева Р.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that under the conditions of the need for accelerated modernization of almost all spheres of activity for countries in transition, which includes the Republic of Kazakhstan, the factor of consolidation of the people of Kazakhstan is of great importance. An important factor of consolidation in the countries of the catch-up type, in which all types of initiatives come mainly from the power elites, is the factor of spiritual leaders, national samples-ideals uniting the citizens of Kazakhstan. The great Kazakh poet, thinker, philosopher Abay Kunanbayev can be such a spiritual leader, a national example-ideal, uniting the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional people of Kazakhstan. The purpose and novelty of this study is to identify the relevance, modernity and relevance of the philosophical content of Abay's teaching "tolyk adam" (whole man) to modern trends in addressing the fundamental philosophical problem of wholeness, the wholeness principle and based on these trends the new understanding of the phenomenon of spirituality, which is the essence of the modern understanding of the whole man. The author, based on the thesis that the basis of the Kazakh type of philosophizing are ethical approaches to solving the problems of the essence of man, the essence of being, defines the ethical basis of Abay's teachings "tolyk adam" on the example of his poems and prose ("Words of Edification"). The author shows that, according to Abay, the whole man is a man realized in intersubjective being, the object of which is intersubjective being, it is a man aspiring to knowledge, moral and purposeful in his cognitive and spiritual intensions. Strong intensions to the problems of spirituality, according to Abai, constitute in his ideas the core of the whole man. And this approach is very modern and relevant in the context of the problems of globalization and modernization in the spiritual sphere. Abay's teaching "tolyk adam" is not only the quintessence of Abay's grasp of the thought of his modern era, but also a philosophical teaching that is relevant to modern new approaches to the fundamental problems of modernity.
METHODS OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Authors:   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abdiraiymova Gulmira , Tolendi Sholpan ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Ko-ling Chan Edward ,   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,  Hong Kong, China
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of various forms of socio-psychological and medical work with children who have been sexually abused. The research article has been done by the collaboration with graduate student and her internal and external scientific advisers as a part of PhD thesis. In the article used modern forms of methods in sociology and social work. The analysis shows that child sexual abuse is one of the most serious and complex problems, involving a variety of inappropriate behavior, including physical and moral components. Research shows that sexually abused children can suffer physical, emotional and psychological consequences, many of which persist throughout their lives. The article describes specific areas of socio-psychological and medical work on the treatment of serious injuries in children who have been sexually abused; the classification of medical and psychological consequences of sexual violence against children was carried out and the relationship between psycho-traumatic effects was revealed. Complex methods of rehabilitation in the study of clinical and psychopathological manifestations in children are considered in detail.
The Significance of the Social State Model in Development of an Inclusive Society
Authors:   Suleyman Demirel University, Zhussipbek G. , Nagayeva Zh. ,   Suleyman Demirel University, Baktybek A. ,   Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research University
Published: November 2021

This article provides a critical analysis of the features of neoliberal capitalism that hinder the development of social justice and the creation of an inclusive society. Some of them, such as the commercialization and commodification of education and health care systems and the curtailment and cancelation of social programs and social policies, have been adopted in many countries with transitional economy. As a viable example of the social state, this paper briefly analyzes the Scandinavian model of the welfare state, in which the concept of "care" became the central idea. Also, this article discusses the features of the Scandinavian model of education, which is student-centric and based on an egalitarian philosophy. This model of education can be qualified as "empowering the students and pupils." The Scandinavian model of social state can serve as a viable alternative to the economic and social model, created according to the principles of neoliberal capitalism, which does not lead to the creation of an inclusive society.
he Principles of Early Asceticism (Based on Data Sources)
Authors:   R.B. Suleimenov Institute of Oriental Studies CS MЕS RK, Molotova G.
Published: November 2021

The vital activities of representatives of early asceticism have not been studied deeply enough. The author of the article set herself the task of highlighting the principles of the life of Sufis, who became famous for holiness throughout the Muslim world. The issue is considered on the basis of data from manuscripts of hagiographic works and narratives. Manuscripts of the collections of stories about the life of Saints, “Qissa-i Ibrahim ibn Adham”, as well as translations of “Tadhkiratu-l-awliya’” by Farid ad-din ʻAttar into Turkic, carried out in the 15th–16th centuries, are involved in the circle of studied sources. On the basis on data of the Tashkent list of the manuscript of translation “Tadhkiratu-l-avliya’” by Nizam ad-din ‘Ali Shir Navaʼi, the assumption of the place and date of death of one of the representatives of early asceticism Ibrahim ibn Adham is put forward. In addition to these sources, other hagiographic works are involved in the study. The sources studied made it possible to determine the principles of the life of representatives of early asceticism and their path in the search for Truth,which contributed to the improvement of personality.
İznik Müzesi'nden Bir Portre Baş
Authors: Arlı Yaşar
Published: November 2021

İznik Müzesi’nde korunan ve günümüze kadar da yayımlanmamış portre baştaki saç stili irdelendiğinde alın üzerindeki hacimli ve kısa saç perçemlerinin alnın sağ kısmında çatal motifi oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Bu çatal motifinden birbiri ardına sola doğru taranan saç buklelerinin uç kısımları da dalgalıdır. Bu saç stili de Iulius - Claudiuslar Hanedanlığı dönemine özgüdür. MÖ 27 yılından başlayıp, MS 68 yılına kadar varlığını sürdüren bu hanedanlık dönemindeki saç stili, IV. tip Nero portrelerine kadar koruna gelmiştir. Çatal motifiyle birlikte Nero portrelerine kadar ki süreçte kerpeten ağzı olarak da bilinen karşılıklı birbirinin tekrarı niteliğindeki saç bukleleriyle şekillendirilmiş saç perçemi de bu hanedanlık döneminin tanımlanabilinmesindeki önemli stilistik özelliklerindendir. Saç stilinden dolayı doğrudan hanedanlık önerisi getirilebilen erkek başı, portresi yapılan kişinin karakteristik özelliklerinin gerçekçi aktarılmasından dolayı da özele indirgenmiş ve Claudius dönemi önerisi getirilmiştir; çünkü Claudius dönemi haricinde bu hanedanlık içerisinde portresi yapılan kişilerin karakteristik özelliklerinin idealize edilerek aktarıldığı bilinmektedir. 51 yaşında tahta geçen imparator ise halk ile olan bağını güçlü tutmak ve halktan olduğunu da ispatlamak için portrelerinde idealizmden uzak durmuştur. Ele alınan İznik eserinde de saç stilinin bu hanedanlık dönemine özgü iken karakteristik özelliklerin de gerçekçi aktarılması, eserin Iulius - Claudiuslar Hanedanlığı imparatorlarından Claudius dönemine tarihlendirilmesini mümkün kılmıştır. Claudius dönemine tarihlendirilen erkek başındaki saç stili de imparatorun Kassel tipindeki portrelerinden etkilenerek tasarlanılmıştır. İmparatorun Kassel tipindeki portrelerinde kısa ve hacimli saç perçemleri alnın sağ kısmında çatal motifi oluştururken, ana tipteki portrelerinde ise alın merkezinde oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Kassel tipinde yontulan ve buluntu yeri de bilinmeyen erkek başındaki Hellenistik etkiler ile yontulan mermerin kalitesi de irdelenen eserin üretim yeri hakkında da ipuçları vermektedir.
Riorganizzazione dell’attività chirurgica per setting assistenziali e complessità di cura
Authors: Liguori Gerardo , De Paola Vincenzo
Published: November 2021

Il Ministero della Salute svolge attività di supporto e collaborazione con le Regioni per migliorare sia i livelli di efficienza e di produttività che quelli di appropriatezza, sicurezza ed efficacia delle cure ospedaliere (D.M. 70/2015, Legge di Stabilità 2016 e D.M.21 giugno 2016). A tal fine ha attivato il progetto “Riorganizzazione dell’attività chirurgica per setting assistenziali e complessità di cura” di durata triennale, allo scopo di mettere a disposizione conoscenze e competenze messe a punto in altre realtà sanitarie nazionali. L’implementazione di tali Best Practices, finalizzata a migliorare la gestione dei blocchi operatori, risulta strategica nel contesto nazionale, data la necessità di affinare gli strumenti per misurare le performance delle strutture ospedaliere a maggior complessità, in particolare per quelle attività di alto livello ed elevato costo come l’attività chirurgica. A questo progetto Ministeriale la Regione Campania ha aderito, proponendo come Aziende Pilota l’Azienda Ospedaliera Cardarelli di Napoli e l’Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona di Salerno.
Políticas Públicas para Educação Superior (1990-2012)
Authors: Nascimento de Oliveira Yana , Giareta Durante Daniela , Pinheiro Barros Conceição de Maria
Published: November 2021

O Brasil registrou expansão acelerada de Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas na década de 1990. Este movimento também ocorreu no curso de graduação em Secretariado Executivo, que registrou maior expansão entre os anos 1997 e 2007 e, posteriormente, passou por período de redução gradativa na quantidade de cursos em funcionamento, entre 2009 e 2012. Tal discussão despertou para o objetivo desta pesquisa em analisar o impacto de políticas públicas para a educação superior, no período 1990-2012, na oferta de cursos de Secretariado Executivo em instituições privadas do Brasil. Metodologicamente, recorreu-se à abordagem qualitativa por meio de pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo. Foram analisados os seguintes programas educacionais: Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior, Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior e Programa Universidade para Todos. Os resultados indicam que as políticas públicas analisadas impactaram na oferta de cursos tanto no que se refere à criação quanto à extinção. Os programas oportunizaram a ampliação da oferta da formação superior em um contexto de expansão exorbitante, no qual prevalecia, principalmente, o interesse econômico. As instituições privadas corresponderam ao estímulo do retorno financeiro a curto prazo sem, no entanto, a preocupação e garantia da continuidade da oferta formativa. À proporção que o Estado oferecia às instituições meios de aderirem aos programas e financiamentos, também punha em risco a qualidade do ensino ofertado.
Estratégias de Diferenciação de Marca para uma Empresa do Setor Químico
Authors: Platt Allan Augusto , Schemes Clara Killing , Paiva Thainá Cruz de
Published: November 2021

Este estudo apresenta propostas de estratégias de diferenciação de marca por meio de atributos intangíveis numa empresa do setor químico. São abordados na revisão de literatura os temas diferenciação, valor intangível, branding, branding emocional, propósito e marketing de conteúdo. Além da revisão de literatura, foi realizada uma visita à empresa, em que foi possível entender sua história e as ações da área de Marketing, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com alguns funcionários. Como resultados, foram elaboradas propostas de diferenciação embasadas em exemplos realizados por grandes marcas, que foram divididas em quatro temas centrais: mensagens atrativas e úteis aos olhos dos consumidores; diferenciação por meio de embalagens; experiência do consumidor e diferenciação nas redes sociais. Conclui-se, a partir dos exemplos retratados e das propostas elaboradas é possível se diferenciar por meio de diversas estratégias, sendo elas novas ou até adaptadas de outras empresas e setores e que as marcas necessitam trabalhar aspectos emocionais para alcançar tais diferenciações.
Avances de la Medicina Veterinaria en la Amazonía Peruana
Authors: Puicón Víctor
Published: November 2021

La Región San Martín posee una alta riqueza de flora y fauna silvestre, una belleza paisajística singular, una variedad de relieves geográficos y una gran diversidad cultural. La producción pecuaria consiste principalmente de ganado bovino, porcino y avícola (1). Además, la acuicultura es un campo que se ha ido desarrollando progresivamente debido al financiamiento de diversas entidades del Estado y en colaboración con la banca privada, este panorama en el desarrollo de la ganadería, la riqueza en fauna silvestre y el auge en el sector acuícola, genera el reto de la formación de médicos veterinarios egresados altamente capacitados y a la vanguardia del desarrollo tecnológico productivo y sanitario que está emergiendo en los últimos tiempos.
¿Moral provinciana o ética global?
Authors: Molina Velásquez Carlos
Published: November 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 594, 1998: 383-388.
El perfil intelectual de Octavio Paz
Authors: Roque Baldovinos Ricardo
Published: November 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 594, 1998: 401-403.
Alternativas al capitalismo. La propuesta de David Schweickart
Authors: Ribas Judit
Published: November 2021

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ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 595-596, 1998: 534-539.
The strategic use of evidence and gap maps to build evidence architecture
Authors:   The Campbell Collaboration, White Howard
Published: November 2021

Mapping is an evidence synthesis approach that aims to describe what research evidence is available that is relevant to a particular research or policy question. It has emerged as an important way to make evidence available to decision-makers. The CEDIL Methods Working Paper 5, ‘The strategic use of evidence and gap maps to build evidence architecture’, describes this approach.
LAZER UNIVERSITÁRIO: ESTUDOS RECENTES SOBRE PRÁTICAS QUE ENCORAJAM O BEM-ESTAR SOCIEDUCACIONAL DE JOVENS ESTUDANTES
Authors: Cuenca Nicolás Patricio
Published: November 2021

O lazer como fenômeno social e experiência pessoal adquiriu, nos últimos anos, uma importância que não adquiria desde a antiguidade. Vivemos uma transformação relevante de atitudes em relação ao lazer, cuja consequência é o aumento da importância desta área da vivência social no bem-estar, na satisfação e na qualidade de vida em geral. Também tem induzido, entre pesquisadores e universidades, um aumento do interesse em explicar e conhecer esse fenômeno, que se acredita ser o elo que faltava para a compreensão do comportamento e da sociedade atual. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar as pesquisas realizadas que relacionam o lazer e o tempo livre com a vida do estudante universitário. Essas investigações evidenciam a importância do lazer entendido como práticas que buscam relaxamento, descanso e desligamento das rotinas do dia-a-dia e, por outro lado, todas aquelas atividades que têm a ver com as práticas de convivência e / ou vivências. relacionadas aos cuidados físicos de cada indivíduo. Além disso, os estudos discutidos no artigo destacam os fatores inclusivos que ocorrem entre os estudantes universitários e aqueles relacionados ao bem-estar socioeducativo, o florescimento de valores que melhoram a convivência social e a melhoria da qualidade de vida: práticas culturais, formativas ou experiências relacionadas ao turismo.
LOS MODELOS DE CALIDAD COMO CRITERIO DE EXCELENCIA, EL MODELO EFQM APLICADO A LA EDUCACIÓN
Authors: González-Fenoll Elena , Bernárdez-Gómez Abraham
Published: November 2021

La búsqueda de la calidad y mejora dentro de las organizaciones, ha llevado a trasladar desde el mundo de la empresa diversas herramientas para que ello se produzca, también, en el ámbito educativo. En el presente texto se ofrece un recorrido por el conocimiento y la investigación actual sobre el modelo de calidad EFQM y cómo se desarrolla su dinámica de funcionamiento y mejora en los centros. Se ha elaborado a partir de una investigación bibliográfica, de corte cualitativo y, mediante un análisis de contenido se ha tratado de dar por desarrollado el objetivo establecido para este trabajo: analizar y establecer una visión global sobre el modelo de calidad EFQM. Podemos establecer como principales conclusiones la, aún presente, reticencia de los centros o modificar las dinámicas que en ellos se desarrollan puesto que exige un esfuerzo y una mirada hacia lo propio muchas veces incómoda. Sin embargo, queda patente cómo la aplicación de modelos de este tipo redunda de forma sustancial en la mejora de dichos procesos.
Time-dependence of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation by Ambient Aerosols: Laboratory Observations and a Formulation for Models
Authors: Jakobsson Jonas , Phillips Vaughan , Bjerring-Kristensen Thomas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The time dependence of ice-nucleating particle (INP) activity is known to exist, yet for simplicity it is often omitted in atmospheric models as an approximation. Hitherto only limited experimental work has been done to quantify this time dependency, for which published data are especially scarce regarding ambient aerosol samples and longer time scales. In this study, the time dependence of INP activity is quantified experimentally for ambient environmental samples. The experimental approach includes a series of hybrid experiments with alternating constant cooling and isothermal experiments using a recently developed cold-stage setup called the Lund University Cold-Stage (LUCS). This approach of observing ambient aerosol samples provides the optimum realism for representing their time dependence in any model. Six ambient aerosol samples were collected representing aerosol conditions likely influenced by these types of INPs: marine, mineral dust, continental pristine, continental polluted, combustion-related and rural continental aerosol. Active INP concentrations were seen to be augmented by about 40 % to 100 % (or 70 % to 200 %), depending on the sample, over 2 (or 10) hours. This degree of time dependence observed was comparable to that seen in previous published works. Our observations show that the minority of active ice nuclei (IN) with strong time dependency on hourly time scales display only weak time dependence on short time scales of a few minutes. A general tendency was observed for the natural time scale of the freezing to dilate increasingly with time. The fractional freezing rate was observed to steadily declines exponentially with the order of magnitude (logarithm) of the time since the start of isothermal conditions. A representation of time dependence for incorporation into schemes of heterogeneous ice nucleation that currently omit time dependence is proposed.
Cellulose in atmospheric particulate matter
Authors: Brighty Adam Matthew , Jacob Véronique , Uzu Gaëlle , Borlaza Lucille , Conil Sebastien , Hueglin Christoph , Grange Stuart , Favez Olivier , Trébuchon Cécile , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The spatiotemporal variations of free cellulose concentrations in atmospheric particles, as a proxy for plant debris, were investigated using a novel HPLC-PAD method. Filter samples were taken from nine sites of varying characteristics across France and Switzerland, with sampling covering all seasons. Concentrations of cellulose, as well as carbonaceous aerosol and other source-specific chemical tracers (e.g. Elemental Carbon (EC), levoglucosan, polyols, trace metals, and glucose) were quantified. Annual mean free cellulose concentrations within PM10 ranged from 29 ± 38 ng m−3 at Bern (urban site) to 284 ± 225 ng m−3 at Payerne (rural site). Concentrations were considerably higher during episodes, with spikes exceeding 1150 and 2200 ng m−3 at Payerne and ANDRA-OPE (rural site), respectively. A clear seasonality, with highest cellulose concentrations during summer and autumn, was observed at all rural and some urban sites. However, some urban locations exhibited a weakened seasonality. Contributions of cellulose-carbon to total organic carbon are moderate on average (0.7–5.9 %), but much greater during ‘episodes’, reaching close to 20 % at Payerne. Cellulose concentrations correlated poorly between sites, even a ranges of about 10 km, indicating the localised nature of the sources of atmospheric plant debris. With regards to these sources, correlations between cellulose and typical biogenic chemical tracers (polyols and glucose) were moderate to strong (Rs 0.28−0.78, p < 0.0001) across the nine sites. Seasonality was strongest at sites with stronger biogenic correlations, suggesting the main source of cellulose arises from biogenic origins. A second input to ambient plant debris concentrations was suggested via resuspension of plant matter at several urban sites, due to moderate cellulose correlations with mineral dust tracers, Ca2+ and Ti metal (Rs 0.28−0.45, p < 0.007). No correlation was obtained with the biomass burning tracer (levoglucosan), an indication that this is not a source of atmospheric cellulose. Finally, an investigation into the interannual variability of atmospheric cellulose across the Grenoble metropole area was completed. It was shown that concentrations and sources of ambient cellulose can vary considerably between years. All together, these results deeply improve our knowledge on the phenomenology of plant debris within ambient air.
Spectral performance analysis of the Aeolus Fabry-Pérot and Fizeau interferometers during the first years of operation
Authors: Witschas Benjamin , Lemmerz Christian , Lux Oliver , Marksteiner Uwe , Reitebuch Oliver , Weiler Fabian , Fabre Frederic , Dabas Alain , Flament Thomas , Huber Dorit , Vaughan Michael
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In August 2018, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the first Doppler wind lidar into space which has since then been providing continuous profiles of the horizontal line-of-sight wind component at a global scale. Aeolus data has been successfully assimilated into several NWP models and demonstrated a positive impact on the quality of the weather forecasts. In order to provide valuable input data for NWP models, a detailed characterization of the Aeolus instrumental performance as well as the realization and minimization of systematic error sources is crucial. In this paper, Aeolus interferometer spectral drifts and their potential as systematic error sources for the aerosol and wind product are investigated by means of instrument spectral registration (ISR) measurements that are performed on a weekly basis. During these measurements, the laser frequency is scanned over a range of 11 GHz in steps of 25 MHz and thus spectrally resolves the transmission curves of the Fizeau interferometer and the Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) used in Aeolus. Mathematical model functions are derived in order to analyze the measured transmission curves by means of non-linear fit procedures. The obtained fit parameters are used to draw conclusions about the Aeolus instrumental alignment and potentially ongoing drifts. The introduced instrumental functions and analysis tools may also be applied for the upcoming missions using similar spectrometers as for instance EarthCARE (ESA) which is based on the Aeolus FPI design.
Aqueous system-level processes and prokaryote assemblages in the ferruginous and sulfate-rich bottom waters of a post-mining lake
Authors: Petrash Daniel A. , Steenbergen Ingrid M. , Valero Astolfo , Meador Travis B. , Pačes Tomáš , Thomazo Christophe
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the aqueous oligotrophic ecosystem of a post-mining lake (Lake Medard, Czechia), reductive Fe(II) dissolution outpaces sulfide generation from microbial sulfate reduction (MSR), and ferruginous conditions occur without quantitative sulfate depletion. An isotopically constrained estimate of the rates of sulfate reduction (SRR) suggests that despite a high genetic potential, this respiration pathway is limited by the rather low amounts of metabolizable organic carbon. This points to substrate competition exerted by iron and nitrogen respiring prokaryotes. Yet, the microbial succession across the nitrogenous and ferruginous zones of the bottom water column also indicates sustained genetic potential for chemolithotrophic sulfur oxidation. Therefore, our isotopic SRR estimates could be rather portraying high rates of anoxic sulfide oxidation to sulfate, probably accompanied by microbially induced disproportionation of S intermediates. Near and at the anoxic sediment-water interface, vigorous sulfur cycling can be fuelled by ferric and manganic particulate matter and redeposited siderite stocks. Sulfur oxidation and disproportionation then appear to prevent substantial stabilization of iron monosulfides as pyrite but can enable the interstitial precipitation of small proportions of equant microcrystalline gypsum. This latter mineral isotopically fingerprints sulfur oxidation proceeding at near equilibrium with the ambient anoxic waters, whilst authigenic pyrite-sulfur displays a 38 to 27 ‰ isotopic offset from ambient sulfate, suggestive of incomplete MSR and likely reflective also of an open sulfur cycling system. Pyrite-sulfur fractionation decreases with increased reducible reactive iron in the sediment. In the absence of ferruginous coastal zones today, the current water column redox stratification in the post-mining Lake Medard has scientific value for (i) testing emerging hypotheses on how a few interlinked biogeochemical cycles operated in nearshore paleoenvironments during redox transitional states; and (ii) to acquire insight on how similar early diagenetic redox proxy signals developed in sediments affected by analogue transitional states in ancient water columns.
Evaluating different machine learning methods to simulate runoff from extensive green roofs
Authors: Abdalla Elhadi Mohsen Hassan , Pons Vincent , Stovin Virginia , De-Ville Simon , Fassman-Beck Elizabeth , Alfredsen Knut , Muthanna Tone Merete
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Green roofs are increasingly popular measures to permanently reduce or delay storm-water runoff. The main objective of the study was to examine the potential of using machine learning (ML) to simulate runoff from green roofs to estimate their hydrological performance. Four machine learning methods, artificial neural network (ANN), M5 model tree, long short-term memory (LSTM) and k nearest neighbour (kNN), were applied to simulate storm-water runoff from 16 extensive green roofs located in four Norwegian cities across different climatic zones. The potential of these ML methods for estimating green roof retention was assessed by comparing their simulations with a proven conceptual retention model. Furthermore, the transferability of ML models between the different green roofs in the study was tested to investigate the potential of using ML models as a tool for planning and design purposes. The ML models yielded low volumetric errors that were comparable with the conceptual retention models, which indicates good performance in estimating annual retention. The ML models yielded satisfactory modelling results (NSE >0.5) in most of the roofs, which indicates an ability to estimate green roof detention. The variations in ML models' performance between the cities was larger than between the different configurations, which was attributed to the different climatic characteristics between the four cities. Transferred ML models between cities with similar rainfall events characteristics (Bergen–Sandnes, Trondheim–Oslo) could yield satisfactory modelling performance (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency NSE >0.5 and percentage bias |PBIAS| <25 %) in most cases. However, we recommend the use of the conceptual retention model over the transferred ML models, to estimate the retention of new green roofs, as it gives more accurate volume estimates. Follow-up studies are needed to explore the potential of ML models in estimating detention from higher temporal resolution datasets.