bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Terahertz Nanosensors
Authors: Bahk Young-Mi , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Ahn Kwang Jun , Park Hyeong-Ryeol
Published: November 2023

Terahertz (THz) waves occupy the electromagnetic spectrum between microwave and infrared radiation, with frequencies typically ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz. Compared with other optic and electronic tools, this frequency range allows for unique sensing applications such as nondestructive, label‐free, and fast detection. Despite the promising features of THz sensing applications, the dimensional mismatch between THz wavelength and nanoscale agents hinders practical applications, especially in biosensing and chemical sensing. Several recent studies propose that engineered THz resonators, such as split ring resonators, linear dipole and slot antennas, and nanogap loop antennas, enhance the sensitivity for detecting trace amounts of target molecules, such as viruses and explosives. When combined with near‐field imaging techniques in the THz range, these THz nanosensors may revolutionize our understanding of complex nanoscale systems, including 2D materials, as researchers can observe quantum dynamics directly in molecules, mobile carriers in semiconductors, THz quantum nonlocal effects, and dynamics of excitons and polaritons at THz frequencies. Additionally, THz biomolecular sensors are also discussed, where the sensor platforms will lead to a great impact in the advancement of ultrasmall‐quantity characterization of proteins, label‐free diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and conformational dynamics of biomolecules in their aqueous environment.
Highly Efficient Color Conversion of 3D Photonic Crystal Phosphor Films for Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Kim Taehun , Lee Jiwon , Hwang Junsik , Kim Dongho , Hwang Kyungwook , Min Kyungtaek
Published: November 2023

The color conversion efficiency of phosphor films can be significantly improved by producing them in the shape of photonic crystals (PhCs). When light with photonic band‐edge wavelengths is incident on a PhCs phosphor film, the excitation photons are resonantly absorbed, enhancing the emission intensity. This study develops three‐dimensional PhC phosphor films based on self‐assembled inverse opal structures. PhC phosphors are constructed using a silk fibroin polymer and red organic fluorescent dyes (λpeak ≈ 610 nm) doped into it. The photonic structures are designed using electromagnetic wave simulations and photonic band structure analyses. The fabricated PhC phosphor films are integrated with blue micro‐light‐emitting diode (micro‐LED) chips (λpeak ≈ 452 nm), resulting in a color conversion efficiency increase of more than 1.5 times that of bulk phosphor films. Additionally, experiments are performed using various micro‐LED chips with a size of less than 100 μm. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of PhC phosphor films in future micro‐LED‐based devices and applications, including displays and communication systems.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkenyl Iodide
Authors: Jia Yuwei , Liu Qing , Xie Caixia , Li Xiaowei , Liu Hui
Published: November 2023

Alkenyl iodide, as an essential precursor and structural unit in organic synthesis, has been widely used in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceutical pesticides and functional materials. The high reactivity of the Csp2−I bond enables the formation of a C−M bond through oxidative addition, followed by subsequent transformations of the C−M bond to create new chemical bonds. A variety of valuable scaffolds, in particular the cyclic motifs, could be achieved via designing and synthesis the corresponding alkenyl iodide, which makes this strategy to be a hot topic in synthetic chemistry. In this paper, the recent progresses of transition metal‐catalyzed cyclizationof alkenyl iodides are summarized, and the possible mechanisms for most transformations are described in detail.
Ectopic Expression of a Truncated Isoform of Hair Keratin 81 in Breast Cancer Alters Biophysical Characteristics to Promote Metastatic Propensity
Authors: Kang Diane S. , Moriarty Aidan , Wang Yiru Jess , Thomas Amal , Hao Jia , Unger Bret A. , Klotz Remi , Ahmmed Shamim , Amzaleg Yonatan , Martin Stuart , Vanapalli Siva , Xu Ke , Smith Andrew , Shen Keyue , Yu Min
Published: November 2023

Keratins are an integral part of cell structure and function. Here, it is shown that ectopic expression of a truncated isoform of keratin 81 (tKRT81) in breast cancer is upregulated in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumors and patient‐derived circulating tumor cells, and is associated with more aggressive subtypes. tKRT81 physically interacts with keratin 18 (KRT18) and leads to changes in the cytosolic keratin intermediate filament network and desmosomal plaque formation. These structural changes are associated with a softer, more elastically deformable cancer cell with enhanced adhesion and clustering ability leading to greater in vivo lung metastatic burden. This work describes a novel biomechanical mechanism by which tKRT81 promotes metastasis, highlighting the importance of the biophysical characteristics of tumor cells.
Bone Marrow‐Derived GCA+ Immune Cells Drive Alzheimer's Disease Progression
Authors: Zhou Rui , Wang Liwen , Chen Linyun , Feng Xu , Zhou Ruoyu , Xiang Peng , Wen Jie , Huang Yan , Zhou Haiyan
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), whereas the role of bone marrow immune cells in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. Here, the study reveals that compared to matched healthy individuals, AD patients have higher circulating grancalcin (GCA) levels, which negatively correlate with cognitive function. Bone marrow‐derived GCA+ immune cells, which secret abundant GCA and increase during aging, preferentially invaded the hippocampus and cortex of AD mouse model in a C‐C Motif Chemokine Receptor 10 (CCR10)‐dependent manner. Transplanting GCA+ immune cells or direct stereotaxic injection of recombinant GCA protein intensified amyloid plaque load and aggravated cognitive and memory impairments. In contrast, genetic ablation of GCA in the hematopoietic compartment improves cognitive and memory function. Mechanistically, GCA competitively binds to the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) in microglia, thus inhibiting phagocytosis and clearance of Aβ and potentiating neuropathological changes. Importantly, GCA‐neutralizing antibody treatment rejuvenated cognitive and memory function and constrained AD progression. Together, the study demonstrates a pathological role of GCA+ immune cells instigating cognitive and memory decline, suggesting that GCA+ immune cells can be a potential target for innovative therapeutic strategies in AD.
Single‐Cell Analysis Reveals Malignant Cells Reshape the Cellular Landscape and Foster an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Extranodal NK/T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Li Yi‐Qi , Luo Chun‐Ling , Jiang Jia‐Xin , He Shuai , Liu Yang , Yan Wen‐Xin , Xia Yi , Cui Qian , Huang Ying , Lim Jing Quan , Huang Dachuan , Hussein Izzah Nabilah , Gao Yan , Lin Guo‐Wang , Ling Yi‐Hong , Ma Dong , Zhang Yue‐Tong , Chan Jason Yongsheng , Wei Pan‐Pan , Wang Xiao‐Xiao , Cheng Chee Leong , Xiong Jie , Zhao Wei‐Li , Ong Choon Kiat , Lim Soon Thye , Huang Hui‐Qiang , Peng Rou‐Jun , Bei Jin‐Xin
Published: November 2023

Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive type of lymphoma associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by heterogeneous tumor behaviors. To better understand the origins of the heterogeneity, this study utilizes single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis to profile the tumor microenvironment (TME) of NKTCL at the single‐cell level. Together with in vitro and in vivo models, the study identifies a subset of LMP1+ malignant NK cells contributing to the tumorigenesis and development of heterogeneous malignant cells in NKTCL. Furthermore, malignant NK cells interact with various immunocytes via chemokines and their receptors, secrete substantial DPP4 that impairs the chemotaxis of immunocytes and regulates their infiltration. They also exhibit an immunosuppressive effect on T cells, which is further boosted by LMP1. Moreover, high transcription of EBV‐encoded genes and low infiltration of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are favorable prognostic indicators for NKTCL in multiple patient cohorts. This study for the first time deciphers the heterogeneous composition of NKTCL TME at single‐cell resolution, highlighting the crucial role of malignant NK cells with EBV‐encoded LMP1 in reshaping the cellular landscape and fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment. These findings provide insights into understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of NKTCL and developing novel therapeutic strategies against NKTCL.
Radiative Cooling for Energy Sustainability: From Fundamentals to Fabrication Methods Toward Commercialization
Authors: So Sunae , Yun Jooyeong , Ko Byoungsu , Lee Dasol , Kim Minkyung , Noh Jaebum , Park Cherry , Park Junkyeong , Rho Junsuk
Published: November 2023

Radiative cooling, a technology that lowers the temperature of terrestrial objects by dissipating heat into outer space, presents a promising ecologically‐benign solution for sustainable cooling. Recent years witness substantial progress in radiative cooling technologies, bringing them closer to commercialization. This comprehensive review provides a structured overview of radiative cooling technologies, encompassing essential principles, fabrication techniques, and practical applications, with the goal of guiding researchers toward successful commercialization. The review begins by introducing the fundamentals of radiative cooling and the associated design strategies to achieve it. Then, various fabrication methods utilized for the realization of radiative cooling devices are thoroughly discussed. This discussion includes detailed assessments of scalability, fabrication costs, and performance considerations, encompassing both structural designs and fabrication techniques. Building upon these insights, potential fabrication approaches suitable for practical applications and commercialization are proposed. Further, the recent efforts made toward the practical applications of radiative cooling technology, including its visual appearance, switching capability, and compatibility are examined. By encompassing a broad range of topics, from fundamental principles to fabrication and applications, this review aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research and real‐world implementation, fostering the advancement and widespread adoption of radiative cooling technology.
APP‐C31: An Intracellular Promoter of Both Metal‐Free and Metal‐Bound Amyloid‐β40 Aggregation and Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Nam Eunju , Lin Yuxi , Park Jiyong , Do Hyunsu , Han Jiyeon , Jeong Bohyeon , Park Subin , Lee Da Yong , Kim Mingeun , Han Jinju , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Lee Young‐Ho , Lim Mi Hee
Published: November 2023

Intracellular C‐terminal cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is elevated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and produces a peptide labeled APP‐C31 that is suspected to be involved in the pathology of AD. But details about the role of APP‐C31 in the development of the disease are not known. Here, this work reports that APP‐C31 directly interacts with the N‐terminal and self‐recognition regions of amyloid‐β40 (Aβ40) to form transient adducts, which facilitates the aggregation of both metal‐free and metal‐bound Aβ40 peptides and aggravates their toxicity. Specifically, APP‐C31 increases the perinuclear and intranuclear generation of large Aβ40 deposits and, consequently, damages the nucleus leading to apoptosis. The Aβ40‐induced degeneration of neurites and inflammation are also intensified by APP‐C31 in human neurons and murine brains. This study demonstrates a new function of APP‐C31 as an intracellular promoter of Aβ40 amyloidogenesis in both metal‐free and metal‐present environments, and may offer an interesting alternative target for developing treatments for AD that have not been considered thus far.
Actin Paracrystals Display Double Schottky Diode‐Like Electrical Behavior
Authors: Cantiello Horacio F. , Gutiérrez Brenda C. , Cantero María del Rocío
Published: November 2023

Actin filaments are abundant intracellular polymers implicated in cell motility and contraction. Actin also forms paracrystalline structures under various conditions, including exposure to lanthanides and other high ionic strength conditions. Here the electrical properties of purified actin paracrystals induced by either MgCl2 or GdCl3 are tested. Tight electrically seal‐voltage‐clamped crystals display strong rectification with a nonlinear conductance under symmetrical and biionic conditions, including 20 mm GdCl3/140 mm KCl and 10 mm MgCl2/140 mm KCl. Rectification is observed in symmetrical ionic conditions with positive‐to‐negative conductance ratios ranging from 4.18 to 9.00 nS. The current‐to‐voltage relationships can be fitted with theoretical double Schottky equations and resemble the behavior of semiconducting nanotubes. The highly nonlinear electrical properties of paracrystalline actin arrays may help explain the physiology of actin‐rich cellular compartments, such as stereocilia of the cochlea and neuronal dendritic spines also suggest potentially relevant nano‐technological properties of this protein.
Incorporating radiation with anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for relapsed/refractory non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A multicenter consensus approach
Authors: Saifi Omran , Lester Scott C. , Breen William G. , Rule William G. , Lin Yi , Bennani N. Nora , Rosenthal Allison , Munoz Javier , Murthy Hemant S. , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Peterson Jennifer L. , Hoppe Bradford S.
Published: November 2023

Anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CART) has revolutionized the outcomes of relapsed and/or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. However, CART is still limited by its availability, toxicity, and response durability. Not all patients make it to the CART infusion phase due to disease progression. Among those who receive CART, a significant number of patients experience life‐threatening cytokine release syndrome toxicity, and less than half maintain a durable response with the majority relapsing in pre‐existing sites of disease present pre‐CART. Radiation therapy stands as a promising peri‐CART and salvage treatment that can improve the outcomes of these patients. Evidence suggests that bridging radiotherapy prior to CART controls the disease during the manufacturing period, augments response rates and local control, cytoreduces/debulks the disease and decreases the severity of cytokine release syndrome, and may prolong disease‐free intervals and survival especially in patients with bulky disease. Consolidative radiotherapy for residual post‐CART disease alters the pattern of relapse and improves local recurrence‐free and progression‐free survivals. Salvage radiotherapy for relapsed post‐CART disease has favorable survival outcomes when delivered comprehensively for patients with limited relapsed disease and palliates symptoms for patients with diffuse relapsed disease. The biology of the disease during the peri‐CART period is poorly understood, and further studies investigating the optimal timing and dosing of radiation therapy (RT) are needed. In this review, we tackle the most significant challenges of CART, review and propose how RT can help mitigate these challenges, and provide The Mayo Clinic experts' approach on incorporating RT with CART.
VEXAS syndrome: Clinical, hematologic features and a practical approach to diagnosis and management
Authors: Koster Matthew J. , Lasho Terra L. , Olteanu Horatiu , Reichard Kaaren K. , Mangaonkar Abhishek , Warrington Kenneth J. , Patnaik Mrinal M.
Published: November 2023

VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) syndrome is a newly identified disease caused by somatic alterations in UBA1 which produce a recalcitrant inflammatory state along with hematologic disturbances. Patients with VEXAS can have a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and providers should be familiar with the heterogeneity of associated clinical features. While hematologic parameters may be generally non‐specific, peripheral blood features of macrocytosis, monocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia coupled with bone marrow vacuolization of erythroid or myeloid precursors should raise suspicion for this condition. Due to an increased mortality, prompt recognition and accurate diagnosis is paramount. Access to testing for confirmation of UBA1 variants is not yet universally available but clinicians should understand the current available options for genetic confirmation of this disease. Treatment options are limited due to lack of prospective clinical trials but cytokine directed therapies such as interleukin‐6 inhibitors and JAK–STAT inhibitors as well as hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine have shown evidence of partial effect. Though cases are limited, allogeneic stem cell transplantation holds promise for durable response and potential cure. The intent of this review is to outline the pathophysiology of VEXAS syndrome and to provide a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Molecular characterization of 13 patients with PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum using a targeted deep sequencing approach
Authors: de Kock Leanne , Cuillerier Alexanne , Gillespie Meredith , Couse Madeline , Hartley Taila , Mears Wendy , Bernier Francois P. , Chudley Albert E. , Frosk Patrick , Nikkel Sarah M. , Innes A. Micheil , Lauzon Julie , Thomas Maryann , Guerin Andrea , Armour Christine M. , Weksberg Rosanna , Scott James N. , Watkins Debra , Harvey Shirley , Cytrynbaum Cheryl ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Kernohan Kristin D. , Boycott Kym M.
Published: November 2023

Activating variants in the PIK3CA gene cause a heterogeneous spectrum of disorders that involve congenital or early‐onset segmental/focal overgrowth, now referred to as PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Historically, the clinical diagnoses of patients with PROS included a range of distinct syndromes, including CLOVES syndrome, dysplastic megalencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, focal cortical dysplasia, Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome, CLAPO syndrome, fibroadipose hyperplasia or overgrowth, hemihyperplasia multiple lipomatosis, and megalencephaly capillary malformation‐polymicrogyria (MCAP) syndrome. MCAP is a sporadic overgrowth disorder that exhibits core features of progressive megalencephaly, vascular malformations, distal limb malformations, cortical brain malformations, and connective tissue dysplasia. In 2012, our research group contributed to the identification of predominantly mosaic, gain‐of‐function variants in PIK3CA as an underlying genetic cause of the syndrome. Mosaic variants are technically more difficult to detect and require implementation of more sensitive sequencing technologies and less stringent variant calling algorithms. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of deep sequencing using the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) sequencing panel in identifying variants with low allele fractions in a series of patients with PROS and suspected mosaicism: pathogenic, mosaic PIK3CA variants were identified in all 13 individuals, including 6 positive controls. This study highlights the importance of screening for low‐level mosaic variants in PROS patients. The use of targeted panels with deep sequencing in clinical genetic testing laboratories would improve diagnostic yield and accuracy within this patient population.
Interfacial Preparation of Polyoxometalate‐Based Hybrid Supramolecular Polymers by Orthogonal Self‐Assembly
Authors: Xia Zhiqin , Song Yu‐Fei , Shi Shaowei
Published: November 2023

The construction of organic–inorganic hybrid supramolecular polymers using polyoxometalate (POM) as building block is expected to bring new opportunities to the functionalization of supramolecular polymers and the development of novel POM‐based soft materials. Here, by using the orthogonal self‐assembly based on host–guest interactions and metal‐ligand interactions, we report the in situ construction of a novel POM‐based hybrid supramolecular polymer (POM‐SP) at the oil‐water interface, while the redox and competitive responsiveness can be triggered independently. Moreover, the binding energy of POM‐SP at the interface is sufficiently strong so that the assembly of POM‐SP jams, allowing the stabilization of liquids in nonequilibrium shapes, offering the possibility of fabricating all‐liquid constructs with reconfigurability.
Tailored Zwitterionic Hemicyanine Reporters for Early Diagnosis and Prognostic Assessment of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Zhou Ya , Zhu Lijuan , Liu Biaoxiang , Xu Weiping , Yang Xingyue , Liu Yi , Ruan Bankang , Yi Shujuan , Liang Baoshuai , Dong Guoqi , Huang Jiaguo
Published: November 2023

Drug‐induced renal failure (DIRF) poses a serious medical complication with high mortality risk. However, early diagnosis or prognosis of DIRF remain challenging, as current methods rely on detecting late‐stage biomarkers. Herein we present a library of zwitterionic unimolecular hemicyanines (ZCs) available for constructing activatable reporters to detect DIRF since its initial stage. Zwitterionic properties of these probes are achieved through interspersedly integrating alkyl sulfonates and quaternary ammonium cations onto hemicyanine skeleton, which result in record low plasma protein binding (<5 %) and remarkable renal clearance efficiencies (≈96 %). An activatable reporter ZCRR is further developed by masking the optimal candidate ZC6 with a tetrapeptide specifically cleavable by caspase‐8, an initiating indicator of apoptosis. In living mice with cisplatin‐induced DIRF, systematically administered ZCRR efficiently accumulates in kidneys and responds to elevated caspase‐8 for near‐infrared fluorescence signals ‘turn‐on’, enabling sensitive detection of intrarenal apoptosis 60 h earlier than clinical methods, and precise evaluation of apoptosis remediation effects by different medications on DIRF mice. As it's urinary excretable, ZCRR also allows for remote detection of DIRF and predicting renoprotective efficacy through in vitro optical urinalysis. This study thus presents unimolecular renal clearable scaffolds that are applicable to developing versatile activatable reporters for renal diseases management.
Preparation and performance of ceramifiable flame‐retardant silicone sealant
Authors: Wu Xuan , Wang Shiwei , Guo Lu , Xie Weizhen , Zhao Bo , Liu Man , Yin Chaolu , Li Qian
Published: November 2023

A ceramifiable and flame‐retardant silicone sealant was prepared by adding aluminum oxide and crosslinkers, coupling agents, and catalysts into hydroxy silicone oil. After ablation at 1000°C for half an hour, a ceramic shell with a certain strength was obtained. The impacts of the viscosity of the hydroxy silicone oil and the content of aluminum oxide on the flame‐retardant properties, mechanical properties, surface properties, and ceramification compressive strength of the composite material were studied. The composite with the highest aluminum oxide content could reach an FV‐1 vertical flame rating and a limiting oxygen index of 29.6%, and the ceramification compressive strength could reach 0.15 MPa. This ceramifiable has a wide range of application prospects in industries such as building decoration and wire and cable.
High‐performance poly(methylsilane arylether arylacetylene) resins with low curing temperatures and weak secondary relaxations
Authors: Li Jixian , Gong Changjun , Lv Shuaikang , Tang Junkun , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong
Published: November 2023

A series of poly(methylsilane arylether arylacetylene) (PSEA‐H) resins were synthesized from methyldichlorosilane and isomeric arylether arylacetylenes, and characterized by 1H‐NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopies. The effect of reactive Si‐H groups and the linking positions of benzene rings in the arylether arylacetylene units on the properties of the resins were investigated. The results show that PSEA‐H resins possess good processability with processing windows of over 80°C. The introduction of Si‐H groups reduces the curing temperatures for PSEA‐H resins and weakens the secondary relaxation for the cured PSEA‐H resins. The cured resins and T300 carbon fiber (T300CF) reinforced composites display high mechanical properties. The flexural strengths of a cured PSEA‐H resin and its T300CF composite at room temperature reach 64.2 and 426.5 MPa, respectively. The flexural properties depend on the linking positions of benzene rings. The cured PSEA‐H resins show excellent heat resistance with a temperature of 5% weight loss (Td5) above 500°C.
Facile preparation of diblock copolymers as functional surfaces for protein chromatography
Authors: K. Moorthy Raghu , D'Souza Serena , Sunthar P. , Noronha Santosh B.
Published: November 2023

Stationary phase plays a crucial role in the operation of a protein chromatography column. Conventional resins composed of acrylic polymers and their derivatives contribute to heterogeneity of the packing of stationary phase inside these columns. Alternative polymer combinations through customized surface functionalization schemes which consist of multiple steps using static coating techniques are well known. In comparison, it is hypothesized that single‐step scheme is sufficient to obtain porous adsorbents as stationary phase for tuning surface morphology and protein immobilization. To overcome the challenge of heterogeneous packing and ease of fabrication at laboratory scale, change in the form factor of separation materials has been proposed in the form of functional copolymer surfaces. In the present work, an amphiphilic, block copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) has been chosen and fully characterized for its potential usage in protein chromatography. Hydrophilicity of the acrylic copolymer and abundance of carboxyl groups inherently on the copolymer surface have been successfully demonstrated through contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Morphological studies indicate presence of a microporous region (nearly 1.3 μm average pore size) that could be beneficial as a cation exchange media as part of the stationary phase in protein chromatography.
Homologous Self‐Assembled Superlattices: What Causes their Periodic Polarity Switching?
Authors: Thakur Varun , Benafsha Dor , Turkulets Yury , Azulay Almog R. , Liang Xin , Goldman R. S. , Shalish Ilan
Published: November 2023

Quantum semiconductor structures are commonly achieved by bandgap engineering, which relies on the ability to switch from one semiconductor to another during their growth. Growth of a superlattice is typically demanding technologically. In contrast, accumulated evidence points to a tendency among a certain class of multiple‐cation binary oxides to self‐assemble spontaneously as superlattice structures. This class is dubbed the homologous superlattices. For a famous example, when a mixture of indium and zinc is oxidized, the phases of In‐O and ZnO separate in an orderly periodic manner, along the ZnO polar axis, with polarity inversion taking place between consecutive ZnO sections. The same structure is observed when the indium is replaced with other metals, and perhaps even in ZnO alone. This peculiar self‐assembled structure is attracting research over the past decade. The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of the physics underlying the formation of this unique structure. Here, an explanation is proposed for the long‐standing mystery of this intriguing self‐assembly in the form of an electrostatic growth phenomenon and a test of the proposed model is carried out on experimental data.
Nanoprobe Based Information Processing: Nanoprobe‐Electronics
Authors: Yi Bao , You Long , Hong Jeongmin
Published: November 2023

With computational architectures becoming data‐centric and with the rise of in‐memory computing, the role of memory will be ever more crucial. In turn, storing massive amount of data demands for ultra‐low power and non‐volatile types necessitating new memory technologies. Here, a controllable nanoelectromechanical (NEM) spin memory is proposed for compact nonvolatile memory arrays. It combines the advantages of both nanomechanical and spin‐transfer torque (STT) magnetic memory devices to overcome fundamental scalability roadblocks of non‐hybrid alternatives. The hybrid system paves the way to a new memory technology in the regime of sub‐10‐nm lateral size with a sub‐1‐MA cm−2 switching energy.
The current state of anatomy education in United States doctor of physical therapy programs
Authors: Milian Eryn K. , Smith Bryon A. , Costas Alejandro , Wong Marlon L. , Ravelo Daniel , Hartley Gregory W.
Published: November 2023

Physical therapy education has significantly evolved over the past few decades. While gross anatomy is integral to physical therapy education curricula, the current state of anatomy education within these programs is not well understood. The primary purpose of this report was to provide an update on the current state of anatomy education across United States (US) Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs. A survey was disseminated to all 261 accredited US physical therapy programs. The survey was deployed in November 2020 with a deadline to respond by January 15, 2021. The response rate was 32.6% (85/261). When teaching anatomy, 90.5% of the responding programs used dissection, 71.4% used didactic lectures, 60.7% used computer‐assisted technology, 58% used prosections, 23.8% used plastinated models, and 31% reported using other methods. DPT programs have experienced declines in PhD faculty (15.7%) and Master of Physical Therapy faculty (15.3%) and notable increases in DPT (16.5%) and physician faculty (8.2%) teaching anatomy within DPT programs. Despite greater use of computer‐assisted technologies, these technologies have not replaced donor‐based dissection in DPT programs.
Advances in Difunctionalization of Olefins with Diorganyl Dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Helin , Nkingwa Alex Adonis , Islam Fawad , Xu Chao , Zeng Qingle
Published: November 2023

Organochalcogen molecules have extensive applications in various fields. They serve as pharmaceuticals, ligands, organocatalysts, agrochemicals, and other functional materials. Difunctionalization of olefins, which belong to a class of multicomponent reactions, is a successful technique for introducing two functional moieties in a single‐step reaction, both in terms of atom economy and step economy. The difunctionalization of olefins with diorganyl dichalcogenides may effectively increase the molecular complexity, which has achieved significant advancements in recent decades. This article describes recent advancements in the difunctionalization of olefins with diorganyl diselenides and diorganyl disulfides.
An analysis of instructor‐ and tablet‐presented conditional discriminations: Fidelity and rapidity
Authors: Kennedy Taylor , Cariveau Tom , Grelck Kathryn , Brown Alexandria , Platt Delanie F. , Ellington Paige
Published: November 2023

Matching‐to‐sample arrangements are commonly used to teach conditional discriminations. In these arrangements, instructors must systematically arrange instruction to ensure that a learner's response comes under the intended sources of stimulus control. Given the multitude of instructional considerations, the instructors' procedural fidelity has been a significant concern. Recently, LeBlanc et al. found that brief training and access to enhanced data sheets produced high levels of fidelity with experienced service providers. The current study extended LeBlanc et al. by examining the effects of a similar training on the fidelity and instructional pacing by participants with and without previous experience. The participants' performance was also compared when using a flashcard or binder (i.e., printed) arrays and relative to a tablet‐delivered instructional program. High levels of fidelity were observed following training, although pacing was slow. Slight differences in performance were observed across comparison arrays; nevertheless, the tablet‐based program outperformed instructors.
Indolo[3,2‐b]indole‐based multi‐resonance emitters for efficient narrowband pure‐green organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Jing Yan‐Yun , Yang Yiyu , Li Nengquan , Ye Zeyuan , Wang Xinzhong , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2023

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing multi‐resonance (MR) emitters show great potential in ultrahigh‐definition display benefitting from superior merits of MR emitters such as high color purity and photoluminescence quantum yields. However, the scarcity of narrowband pure‐green MR emitters with novel backbones and facile synthesis has limited their further development. Herein, two novel pure‐green MR emitters (IDIDBN and tBuIDIDBN) are demonstrated via replacing the carbazole subunits in the bluish‐green BCzBN skeleton with new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) units, 5‐phenyl‐5,10‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]indole (IDID) and 5‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐5,10‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]indole (tBuIDID), to simultaneously enlarge the π‐conjugation and enhance the electron‐donating strength. Consequently, a successful red shift from aquamarine to pure‐green is realized for IDIDBN and tBuIDIDBN with photoluminescence maxima peaking at 529 and 532 nm, along with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.25, 0.71) and (0.28, 0.70). Furthermore, both emitters revealed narrowband emission with small full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) below 28 nm. Notably, the narrowband pure‐green emission was effectively preserved in corresponding devices, which afford elevated maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.3% and 18.3% for IDIDBN and tBuIDIDBN.
Football group draw probabilities and corrections
Authors: Roberts Gareth O. , Rosenthal Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2023

This article considers the challenge of designing football group draw mechanisms, which have a uniform distribution over all valid draw assignments, but are also entertaining, practical and transparent. Although this problem is trivial in completely symmetric problems, it becomes challenging when there are draw constraints that are not exchangeable across each of the competing teams, so that symmetry breaks down. We explain how to simulate the FIFA sequential draw method and compute the nonuniformity of its draws by comparison with a uniform rejection sampler. We then propose several practical methods of achieving the uniform distribution while still using balls and bowls in a way which is suitable for a televised draw. The solutions can also be carried out interactively. The general methodology we provide can readily be transported to different competition draws and is not restricted to football events.
Does breast cancer modify the long‐term relationship between lifestyle behaviors and mortality? A prospective analysis of breast cancer survivors and population‐based controls
Authors: Gali Kathleen , Orban Ester , Ozga Ann‐Kathrin , Möhl Annika , Behrens Sabine , Holleczek Bernd , Becher Heiko , Obi Nadia , Chang‐Claude Jenny
Published: November 2023

Background

Modifiable lifestyle factors are known to impact survival. It is less clear whether this differs between postmenopausal women ever diagnosed with breast cancer and unaffected women.

Methods

Women diagnosed with breast cancer and unaffected women of comparable age were recruited from 2002 to 2005 and followed up until 2020. Using baseline information, a lifestyle adherence score (range 0–8; categorized as low [0–3.74], moderate [3.75–4.74], and high [≥4.75]) was created based on the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations. Cox regression and competing risks analysis were used to analyze the association of adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations with overall mortality and with death due to cardiovascular diseases and cancer, respectively.

Results

A total of 8584 women were included (2785 with breast cancer and 5799 without). With a median follow‐up of 16.1 years there were 2006 total deaths. Among the deaths of known causes (98.6%), 445 were cardiovascular‐related and 1004 were cancer‐related. The average lifestyle score was 4.2. There was no differential effect of lifestyle score by case‐control status on mortality. After adjusting for covariates, moderate (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.76) and high (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.47–0.63) adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations were significantly associated with a decrease in overall mortality. Similarly, in competing risks analysis, moderate and high adherence were associated with decreased mortality from cardiovascular diseases and from cancer.

Conclusions

A healthy lifestyle can substantially reduce mortality risk in women. With low adherence to all WCRF/AICR guidelines in about a third of study participants, health interventions are warranted.
Individualized targeted treatment in a case of a rare TFG::ROS1 fusion positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT)
Authors: Sommer Sebastian , Schmutz Maximilian , Schaller Tina , Mayr Patrick , Dintner Sebastian , Märkl Bruno , Huss Ralf , Golas M. Monika , Kuhlen Michaela , Jordan Frank , Claus Rainer , Heinrich Bernhard
Published: November 2023

Background

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms with slow growth. Resection is considered as therapeutic standard, with chemotherapy being insufficiently effective in advanced disease. ALK translocations are present in 50% of cases, ROS1 fusions (YWHAE::ROS1, TFG::ROS1) are extremely rare. Here, we present a case with TFG::ROS1 fusion and highlight the significance of molecular tumor boards (MTBs) in clinical precision oncology for post‐last‐line therapy.

Case Presentation

A 32‐year‐old woman presented with IMT diagnosed at age 27 for biopsy and treatment evaluation. Previous treatments included multiple resections and systemic therapy with vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate. A computed tomography scan showed extensive tumor infiltration of the psoas muscles and the posterior abdomen. Next generation sequencing revealed an actionable ROS1 fusion (TFG::ROS1) with breakpoints at exon 4/35 including the kinase domain and activating the RAS‐pathway. TFG, the Trk‐fused gene, exerts functions such as intracellular trafficking and exhibits high sequence homology between species. Based on single reports about efficacy of ROS1‐targeting in ROS1 translocation positive IMTs the patient was started on crizotinib, an ATP‐competitive small molecule c‐MET, ALK and ROS1‐inhibitor. With a follow‐up of more than 9 months, the patient continues to show a profound response with major tumor regression, improved quality of life and no evidence for severe adverse events.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of the availability of modern molecular diagnostics and interdisciplinarity in precision oncology to identify rare, disease‐defining genotypes that make an otherwise difficult‐to‐treat disease targetable.
Ditopic Covalent Cage for Ion‐Pair Binding: Influence of Anion Complexation on the Cation Exchange Rate
Authors: Delecluse Magalie , Manick Anne‐Doriane , Chatelet Bastien , Chevallier‐Michaud Sabine , Moraleda Delphine , Riggi Innocenzo de , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Martinez Alexandre
Published: November 2023

A new hemicryptophane host with a ditopic molecular cavity combining a cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) unit with a tris‐urea moiety was synthesized. The complexation of halides, tetramethylammonium (TMA+) cation, and ion pairs was investigated. A positive cooperativity was observed, since halides display a higher binding constant when a TMA+ cation is already present inside the cage. When TMA+ was complexed alone, a decrease of temperature from 298 K to 230 K was required to switch from a fast to a slow exchange regime on the NMR time scale. Nevertheless, the prior complexation of a halide guest in the lower part of the host resulted in significant decrease of the exchange rate of the subsequent complexation of the TMA+ cation. Under these conditions, the 1H NMR signals characteristic of a slow exchange regime were observed at 298 K. Addition of an excess of salts, increases the ionic strength of the solution, restoring the fast exchange dynamics. This result provides insight on how the exchange rate of a cation guest can be modulated by the complexation of a co‐guest anion.
Data branch sharing dual‐edge explicit‐pulsed level converting flip‐flops
Authors: Dai Yanyun , Yang Yanfei , Chen Qi , Gao Faqing , Jiang Nan , Qi Pengjia , Tong Jijun
Published: November 2023

Variable supply clustered voltage scaling (VS‐CVS) is an effective way to decrease power consumption without compromising performance. One of the major challenges in VS‐CVS design is that level converting flip‐flops (LCFFs) not only need to have low power consumption but also high performance. In this paper, we propose two new structures of LCFF: the data branch sharing LCFF based on conditional charging (DBS‐LCFFCC) and the data branch sharing LCFF based on precharging (DBS‐LCFFP). The new structures adopt a data branch sharing scheme to improve the speed of the circuit as well as to reduce the number of transistors. Based on simulation results using HSPICE with PTM 32‐nm CMOS technology, the proposed LCFFs show an improvement of 19.2–67.2% and 41.6–76.3% in power‐delay‐product (PDP) at 50% data switching activity, respectively, compared to other advanced LCFFs.
Secretory carcinoma of parotid gland masquerading as acinic cell carcinoma on cytology: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Anju G. , Rao Meenakshi , Nalwa Aasma , Poonia Dharma Ram
Published: November 2023

Secretory carcinoma is a relatively recently discovered low‐grade salivary gland carcinoma with morphological similarities to its breast counterpart. The histopathological features of this entity are well established; however, the cytomorphological features are not well evaluated, leading to diagnostic challenges and pitfalls. We report a case of secretory carcinoma (SC) of the parotid gland, which was misdiagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) on fine‐needle aspiration cytology, to describe the cytological features.
Equivocal support for the climate variability hypothesis within a Neotropical bird assemblage
Authors: Pollock Henry S. , Rutt Cameron L. , Cooper William Justin , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Cheviron Zachary A. , Luther David A.
Published: November 2023

The climate variability hypothesis posits that an organism's exposure to temperature variability determines the breadth of its thermal tolerance and has become an important framework for understanding variation in species' susceptibilities to climate change. For example, ectotherms from more thermally stable environments tend to have narrower thermal tolerances and greater sensitivity to projected climate warming. Among endotherms, however, the relationship between climate variability and thermal physiology is less clear, particularly with regard to microclimate variation—small‐scale differences within or between habitats. To address this gap, we explored associations between two sources of temperature variation (habitat type and vertical forest stratum) and (1) thermal physiological traits and (2) temperature sensitivity metrics within a diverse assemblage of Neotropical birds (n = 89 species). We used long‐term temperature data to establish that daily temperature regimes in open habitats and forest canopy were both hotter and more variable than those in the forest interior and forest understory, respectively. Despite these differences in temperature regime, however, we found little evidence that species' thermal physiological traits or temperature sensitivity varied in association with either habitat type or vertical stratum. Our findings provide two novel and important insights. First, and in contrast to the supporting empirical evidence from ectotherms, the thermal physiology of birds at our study site appears to be largely decoupled from local temperature variation, providing equivocal support for the climate variability hypothesis in endotherms. Second, we found no evidence that the thermal physiology of understory forest birds differed from that of canopy or open‐habitat species—an oft‐invoked, yet previously untested, mechanism for why these species are so vulnerable to environmental change.
Technical, Economic, and Environmental Feasibility Assessment of Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems with Different Tracking Models in Hefei, China
Authors: Li Chong , Zhang Lin , Ge Shilong , Hou Yali , Zhu Hanliang , Zhang Jinliang
Published: November 2023

Herein, the feasibility of a grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation system with five tracking models in Hefei is evaluated comprehensively. The comprehensive evaluation of grid‐connected PV power generation system mainly includes three aspects: technology, economy, and environment. The results show that the performance ratio of grid‐connected PV system with dual‐axis tracking device is the highest among the five kinds of PV systems with a value of 81.2%, while the performance ratio of grid‐connected PV system without tracking device is the lowest with a value of 77.3%. The grid‐connected PV system with dual‐axis tracking device is economically attractive, so users can be encouraged to purchase and install such systems to meet their electrical energy needs in Hefei. Furthermore, the grid‐connected PV system with dual‐axis tracking device is the most environmentally friendly and contributes to carbon emission reduction. Finally, it is concluded that the adoption of dual‐axis tracking grid‐connected PV power generation system in Hefei area is very attractive, and can provide a certain reference for the local promotion and use of such grid‐connected PV power generation system.
Exploring the applications and security threats of Internet of Thing in the cloud computing paradigm: A comprehensive study on the cloud of things
Authors: Nag Anindya , Hassan Md. Mehedi , Das Ayontika , Sinha Anurag , Chand Nisarga , Kar Anwesha , Sharma Vandana , Alkhayyat Ahmed
Published: November 2023

The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) represents a vast interconnected network comprising ordinary objects enhanced with electronics like sensors, actuators, and wireless connectivity. These augmentations enable seamless communication and data sharing among devices. IoT constitutes an ecosystem of programs, systems, and technologies that operate across diverse communication services. In our rapidly evolving world, cutting‐edge technologies are swiftly gaining prominence. IoT, in particular, strives to proliferate innovative applications, programs, and communication amalgamating the virtual and physical realms. The bedrock of this communication is the machine‐to‐machine communication paradigm. IoT encompasses a spectrum of technologies encompassing smart vehicles, efficient vehicle parking management systems, and roadway‐embedded sensors, culminating in the vision of a “smart city.” Such integration has the potential to alleviate traffic congestion and curb energy consumption. The impact of IoT extends to power generation and business operations, promising transformative outcomes. Furthermore, the synergy between IoT and cloud computing plays a pivotal role in the wireless communication domain. This paper offers a comprehensive insight into IoT's functionalities and underscores the associated security threats. The study aims to equip academia with an enhanced understanding of diverse IoT applications, particularly their integration with cloud computing, referred to as the “Cloud of Things.”