bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Distribution Analysis with Seismic Colored Inversion in Fluvial Deposition Environment West Natuna Basin
Authors: Adriel Wardhana Yunanta , Rosid Syamsu , Purba Humbang
Published: March 2021

West Natuna Basin is a fluvial deposition environment with thin-bed sand reservoir overlapping with shale and shaly sand. Inversion is applied using Seismic Colored Inversion which considered to provide with robust result to identify geological features such as sand channels’ continuity with low-acoustic impedance value alongside zone of interest. Seismic Colored Inversion can be made by inverting seismic data into Acoustic Impedance value which can be obtained by deriving data from well, as control, then utilized it to change the seismic data volume to Acoustic Impedance volume. By performing a lateral slicing along the target horizons, the distribution of sand channels can be identified. Therefore, the promising reservoir zone with low Acoustic Impedance value and the non-reservoir zone can be clearly distinguished. Slicing was performed in A1 horizon, showing low AI sand channels ranging from 12.000 up to 15.500 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)) spreading at the center of the map through the East. Slicing in B2 horizon, showing what appears to be sand channels with low AI value ranging from 16.000 up to 17.800 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)) spreading at the center of the map between the U1 and U3 well, and appears at the Northeast of the map.
Assessing of Land Surface Temperature at the Seulawah Agam Volcano Area using the Landsat Series Imagery
Authors: Zaini Nasrullah , Yanis Muhammad , Marwan  , Isa Muhammad , Meer Freek van der
Published: March 2021

Seulawah Agam, a stratovolcano located in the Aceh province, Indonesia, has not erupted for a long decade after the last eruption in 1839. Thermal infrared remote sensing has been used to determine the land surface temperature (LST) of the volcano area. However, the application of remotely sensed thermal imagery in identifying the LST of the Seulawah Agam volcano, as a precursor of geothermal energy and eruption hazard, has not been completely monitored. The volcano locates relatively close to residential areas, which is a challenging approach to apply thermal bands in determining geothermal identities. In this research, we assess the LST and vegetation index for the detection of the thermal activity of the mountain. These characteristics were retrieved from Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 TIRS/OLI imageries, acquired on 23 April 2004 and 16 March 2015 over the Seulawah Agam area, respectively. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) threshold method for emissivity retrieval and split-window algorithm for land surface temperature (LST) were utilized. The results show that the vegetation index changes moderately over the geothermal area, especially at the residential area and western side of the volcano which is in line with a fault structure of the Seulimeum segment. We calculated the LST from the thermal bands of Landsat images 2004 and 2015 with approximate results are 28 – 35 °C. The spatial distribution of surface temperatures at the mountain derived from the classified image 2015 varies considerably compared with the classified image 2004. The surface temperature and vegetation index changes indicate a thermal activity at the Seulawah Agam volcano. It can be concluded that the Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 TIRS/OLI imageries are potentially used to study the thermal status of the Seulawah Agam geothermal area.
Correlation Between GGMPlus, Topex and BGI Gravity Data in Volcanic Areas of Java Island
Authors: Suprianto Agus , Supriyadi  , Priyantari Nurul , Eko Cahyono Bowo
Published: March 2021

There are several secondary gravity data on the internet that can be freely accessed and downloaded for research purposes. These gravity data include Topex Gravity data, which provides free-air gravity data, BGI (Observation Gravity data, Free-Air, Complete Anomaly Bouguer), and GGMPlus Gravity Data. GGMPlus gravity data is gravity data with the smallest grid spacing compared to Topex and BGI data, with a grid spacing of approximately 200 meters. This data consists of 5 data sets, including Gravity Disturbance and Gravity Acceleration data. This study correlates between Topex and BGI free-air data with GGMPlus data (Gravity Disturbance and Gravity Acceleration), and BGI Observation Gravity data with GGMPlus (Gravity Disturbance and Gravity Acceleration) data using Pearson correlation technique. Correlated data are gravity data in volcanic regions in Central and East Java. As a result, Gravity Disturbance data on GGMPlus is equivalent to Free-Air Gravity Data on Topex and BGI, while Gravity Accelerations Data is equivalent to BGI Observation Gravity data, with a correlation level above 95%.
Finite element analysis on the quartz plate due to the placement of quartz crystal microbalance on printed circuit board
Authors: Kusuma F J , Zafirah T N , Abdurrouf  , Sakti S P
Published: March 2021

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is a high sensitivity piezoelectric sensor that enables it to detect loads in the nanogram order. QCM usually consists of a thin quartz plate with an AT-cut orientation. The sensor resonance frequency and its stability are affected by the sensor parameter and its placement in the reaction cell. Previous studies have shown that the physical parameters and geometric shapes of the QCM sensor greatly affected the sensitivity and stability of the sensor. As the sensor is thin, only in the order of hundredths micrometer, pressure, or force on top of the sensor surface also affects the sensor resonance frequency. In this study, we conducted a deformation analysis due to the placement of QCM on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The simulation is done by Finite Element Method using ANSYS 19.2. Variations in the shape of the electrodes on the PCB and O-ring elastic modulus that used in the QCM system has been investigated O-rings that have a smaller elastic modulus that will cause greater deformation. From the two types of PCB electrodes, electrodes in the form of ¾ circular arcs give smaller deformations than electrodes in the form of ½ circular arcs. The deformation occurs in the order of 10−6 m.
A design of short distance PM2.5 monitoring system using a bluetooth module
Authors: Wardoyo A Y P , Pratama C K , Dharmawan H A , Nurhuda M , Adi E T P
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a design of a PM2 5 monitoring system based on the Samyoung sensor type DSM501A with the HC-05 Bluetooth data communication module. The sensor is integrated into an Arduino Nano. The measured data are not only displayed on an LCD but also are sent to a computer using a Bluetooth module for the storage. The data are stored in the excel data format and viewed by using the PLX-DAQ add-on. The system was calibrated by using a standard PM25 measurement device (Kanomax dust monitor type 3443). The calibration procedure was conducted by measuring the PM2 5 concentration of the sources. The performance of the system is presented in the optimum communication distance, the concentration range, and the system sensitivity. The result shows that the system works well. The optimum distance between the system and the computer is in the range up to 16 m. The sensitivity of the system is found of 600 μg/m3/minute with the range of the concentration measurement up to 1400 μg/m3 at the room temperature and humidity.
Analyses of Concentration and Wavelength Dependent Refractive Index of Sugar Solution Using Sellmeier Equation
Authors: Misto  , Purwandari Endhah , Supriyadi  , Arkundato Artoto , Rohman Lutfi , Eko Cahyono Bowo
Published: March 2021

The concentration and wavelength-dependent refractive index of sugar solution have been determined using Sellmeier Equation. The equations describe the refractive index as a function of wavelength parameter. They could be generalized as a function of material concentration by investigating the characteristic of their Sellmeier constants A and B. The three wavelengths used to identify the refractive index of sugar solutions were 455 nm, 525 nm, and 633 nm, while the concentration of the sugar solution ranged from 0 to 40%. This paper reported in this research performed the empirical expression of concentration-dependent of the sugar solution. The A and B Sellmeier constants were the main subjects to be concerned. A constant has a linear relationship with the sugar solution at 15% concentration to 40%. Under a concentration of 15%, the refractive index is quadratic towards engagement. The sellmeier B constant has a quadratic relation characteristic below the attention of 15%. Above 15%, the constant B and concentration of sugar solution were associated with the 4th order polynomial equation.
Effects of Co-60 gamma irradiation on the surface morphology and magnetic properties in thin film permalloy Ni80Fe20 for magnetic sensor
Authors: Ismail  , Priyantoro D , Oktaria V , Purnama B
Published: March 2021

The thin film of permalloy Ni80Fe20 were synthesized by electro-deposition method on PCB substrate. Then the sample irradiated by using Co-60 gamma for 20 Gy and 30 Gy. The sample were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer, before and after gamma irradiation process by Co-60 gamma irradiation. The decrease in grain size with the increase of radiation dose is observed. The hysteresis curve also showed an increase in saturation magnetization with the increase of radiation dose from 708 emu/cc to 920 emu/cc. The investigation results indicate that the modification of the surface-microstructure samples by gamma irradiation change a magnetic properties in thin film permalloy Ni80Fe20.
Study of doxorubicin release on apoferritin-magnetic-doxorubicin nanoparticle
Authors: Prasetya A D , Sulungbudi G T , Wildan Z L , Mujamilah
Published: March 2021

Conjugation of nanoparticle with some substance can be a solution to a theragnostic of cancer cells. The release of doxorubicin from conjugated apoferritin-magnetic-doxorubicin (APO-NPM-DOX) was studied in different pH conditions and incubation time. The preparation of magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4) was done through the co-precipitation method using FeCl3 and FeCl2 (mol ratio 1:1) as the precursor. The encapsulation process was started by conjugation of magnetic nanoparticle with doxorubicin, then followed by incubation of the mixture in apoferritin solution for 2 hours in pH 3. The mixture was then set to pH 8 using NaOH and dialyzed in Tris-HCl. The doxorubicin release from APO-NPM-DOX was studied by incubation at 36.5 °C in different time variations in pH 5 and different pH conditions (4, 5, 6, 7) for a week. The doxorubicin release trend becomes steady after three days of incubation in pH 5 with 4.6% of the doxorubicin had been released. The highest percentage of doxorubicin release was found in pH 4, which is more than 1.2 times higher than in pH 5.
Effect of pH condition during sol-gel synthesis on the volume fraction of hydroxyapatite from sea coral
Authors: Siswanto  , Sormin D P , Hikmawati D , Aminatun  , Apsari R
Published: March 2021

A research Hydroxyapatite synthesis has been carried out using the sol-gel method with variations in acidity (pH). Hydroxyapatite sources are obtained from marine corals from Banyuwangi. Hydroxyapatite synthesis is carried out by reacting calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 obtained from the powder coral with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) using the sol-gel method. synthesis is carried out with a pH variation from values 5 to 13 at intervals of 2 and is characterized using XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer). The XRD results show that for hydroxyapatite synthesis using the sol gel method the most optimal pH value is 11 with a volume fraction of 92.7% and the impurities are Lime CaO and Portlandite Ca(OH)2.
Improving of shaft steel materials properties using ion nitriding
Authors: Sujitno T , Suprapto  , Mulyani E , Andriyanti W
Published: March 2021

During operation, shaft steel always contacts with other components, so this material will erode gradually and will be accelerated if this component used in corrosive environment. Finally, the performance of the components to be worse. To improve the quality of the surface components, an ion nitriding technique can be applied. In this research, ion nitriding process was carried out at 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C and 1.6 mbar for 4 hours. It can be concluded that generally by increasing the temperature, the hardness increases and at 450°C reached the highest value in order of 297.86 VHN, while the hardness of raw materials is 98.66 VHN or increases by factors 3, the wear decreases from 60.3 × 10−9 mm2/kg to 26.8 × 10−9 mm2/kg or there is an increasing in wear resistance by factor 2.25, and corrosion rate decreases from 4.2465 mpy to 0.6748 mpy.From XRD analysis, it is observed the formed phase are Fe2N and Fe3N. The formation of new phase contributes in improving of hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance.
The dynamics of polarization and magnetization: Susceptibilities of magnetoelectric multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Gunawan V , Subagio A , Umiati N A K
Published: March 2021

The dynamic susceptibility is the crucial parameter of a material, especially when the material is needed to be applied in the electromagnetic applications. In this report, we discuss the magnetic and the electric susceptibilities of a magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroic heterostructure comprised of ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) materials. Since the magnetoelectric couplings in multiferroic heterostructure have only existed at the interface between FM and FE, then the equation of motions in each lattice in every layer of FM and FE should be considered. The equations of motion in each lattice are solved simultaneously by employing entire-cell effective medium approximation. In numerical calculation, the parameters appropriate for Fe and BaTiO3 are used. We found that interfacial ME couplings shift down the resonance frequency for both FM and FE susceptibilities. We also noticed that the addition of the number of FE or FM layer, which raises the number of interface between FE and FM affects the susceptibility curves.
Bovine serum albumin refolding at acid solution by small angle neutron scattering
Authors: Patriati A , Suparno N , Putra E G R
Published: March 2021

A series of study of the conformational change of bovine serum albumin (BSA) induced by pH and additive has been conducted by small angle scattering (SANS) technique. The unfolding process occur by increasing the solvent acidity of the buffer. The previous work from SANS scattering profile shows that BSA unfolded into a cylinder-like structure at pH 2. In this work, the role of sorbitol in refolding process of BSA in acid solution was studied. Sorbitol, at concentrations from 0 to 3 M, led to the progressive restoration of BSA globular structure. The SANS scattering data show the conformational change from cylinder-like structure of pure BSA at pH 2 undergo to ellipsoid-like structure in the addition of 3M sorbitol. In the absence, 1M and 2M sorbitol, the SANS scattering profile of BSA fitted to flexible cylinder model. Meanwhile in the present of 3M sorbitol, it fitted to triaxial ellipsoid model. These results are confirmed with ab initio low-resolution shape calculation model analysis using GNOM and DAMMIN obtaining the three-dimensional structure model.
Concentration effect on optical properties of CDots composite film from sugar (sucrose)
Authors: Rahmawati F , Isnaeni  , Lewa I W L , Iriani Y
Published: March 2021

Carbon dots (CDots) are one of the fascinated carbon-based nanomaterials which have broad applications. One fields that rarely been explored is using Cdots as a composite luminescence film with addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The luminescence properties of Cdots is a great potential that can be used to make luminescence PVA/CDots films since CDots are known as materials that have strong luminescence. This study aims to determine the effect of CDots concentration on the optical properties of Cdots/PVA composite. We also observed the effect of excitation wavelengths to emission of CDots/PVA composite. The carbon dots was synthesized from commercial sugar using microwave technique. UV-Vis spectroscopy characterization showed that the concentration of CDots affect to surface state of CDots. Surface energy bands from individual CDots may overlap one to another creating new energy level, so that the absorbance peak experiences red shift. Photoluminescence spectra results showed that the excitation wavelength caused a difference in the emission wavelength in the sample. Excitation with a blue laser produces green emissions while excitation with a green laser produces red emissions. The results show that the synthesized Cdots have potential to be used as luminescence films. The as-synthesized Cdots shows great luminescence properties and can be varied with several controlled parameters.
Synthesis of fluorescent composite films PVA/CDots from orange concentrate with microwave technique
Authors: Jannah R , Isnaeni  , Lewa I W L , Iriani Y
Published: March 2021

Carbon dots (CDots) is one of the fluorescent materials that can be made of organic materials. CDots materials can be obtained easily using organic materials that have carbon chain. Synthesis of CDots with orange concentrate as a PVA/CDots composite film using microwave was carried out and the optical properties of synthesized CDots with various concentrations of orange concentrate were observed using excitation wavelength variations by observing emissions of CDots. The successful synthesis of CDots could be recognized by simply irradiating a 405 nm UV laser into a sample and then further characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and photoluminescence were conducted. The results of UV-Vis characterization showed the effect of concentration variation on the the absorbance peak wavelength. For high concentration, the absorbance peak wavelength is longer than that of low concentration. This is due to the surface state CDots. The characterization of photoluminescence shows CDots emissions. Excitation using a blue laser (1=420 run) produces emission peaks that is in the range of green wavelengths, whereas excitation using green laser (1=532 nm) produces emission peaks that are in the range of yellow-red wavelengths. The results of the synthesized PVA/CDots films from orange concentrates have good potential to be applied as glowing packaging.
XRD study of ceria stabilized zirconia (CSZ) microsphere synthesized by external gelation
Authors: Insani A , Mujamilah  , Rifai M , Prasetya A D , Sarjono
Published: March 2021

Ceria stabilized zirconia microsphere has been synthesized by external gelation. XRD investigations were carried out at each thermal treatment to study the process of zirconia oxide formation. The diffraction patterns at thermal treatment 60°C, 120°C and 200°C still appeared to be broadening because there were still amorphous hydrocarbon compounds. The peak of diffraction started to look at 400°C although it was always broadening, this was because the oxide has begun to form but has not crystallized. Perfect crystallization appears on heat treatment at 1200°C as the tetragonal ZrO2 phase.
OH Radical Intensity of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Measured by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES)
Authors: Qusnudin A. , Kusumandari K. , Saraswati T.E.
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify the intensity of the OH radical emission spectrum of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The OH radical emission spectrum was measured using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) Ocean Optic Maya Pro 2000. Characterization of current as voltage function is done by providing a high-voltage AC source to the DBD reactor with variations of 1-10 kV. The results of the characterization show that the current increase with voltage. The OES measurement of DBD plasma was carried out at a voltage of 10 kV. As a result, the OH radical emission in DBD plasma was observed at a wavelength of 313.54 nm. The smallest intensity was 4678.5 counts obtained at 2.4 s. While the greatest intensity was 13644.67 counts obtained at 44.6 s.
Verdet constant of various types of honey and sugar solution analyzed at different concentration
Authors: Purwandari E , Misto  , Hidayat R , Supriyadi  , Cahyono B E
Published: March 2021

The optical activity effect of material on the polarization of a light beam due to the external magnetic field has observed through Faraday rotation. The use of the Verdet constant represents the behaviour characteristic of the material. This paper had reported the Verdet constant of some honey types compared with a sugar solution that was analyzed at different concentrations. Laser He-Ne had been used to observe the change of its polarization angle (Faraday rotation) when the external magnetic field applied at 50 gauss, 100 gauss, and 150 gauss. They were produced by a solenoid wrapped around the sample container, connected to the DC power supply. The Verdet constants of Kaliandra honey, Randhu honey, and Pahit honey, respectively, indicate their dependence on concentration. The profile of concentration dependence of the Verdet constant for all three types of honey is the same as that of the sugar solution. However, the highest Verdet constant is achieved by Kaliandra honey when analysed at a concentration of 30%.
Fluorescence polarization method for detection of lard mixed with olive oil
Authors: Salsabila A , Azam M , Sugito H , Soesanto Q M B , Firdausi K S
Published: March 2021

This study is based on fluorescence polarization as a potential alternative method for an investigation of contamination of lard in food. The purpose of this study was to obtain the characteristic of fluorescence polarization in olive oil samples mixed with lard. The characteristics of fluorescence polarization were obtained by measuring changes in the polarization of light using a linearly polarized green laser pointer and observed in the direction of the scattering angle of 90˚ for various direction of electric field of the laser. The results showed that the critical angle of direction of electric field of the laser and the average polarization change increase as the concentration of lard is raised. It could be due by additional asymmetric triglycerides and molecular orientation that play an important role in the sample. This result shows that additional mixture of lard in olive oil can be detected, and this method seems to be developed for the detection of low concentrations of lard contamination.
Estimations of fluorine-18 production yields from 13-MeV proton bombardment of enriched water target
Authors: Kambali I
Published: March 2021

Fluorine-18 (18F) is a positron emitter frequently used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to assist in the staging of primary tumors, Recent research suggests that the positron emitting radionuclide can also be applied for pneumonia imaging caused by Covid-19 infection. In this work, a 13-MeV proton beam was theoretically bombarded to 99.5% enriched water (H2
18O) target to produce 18F radionuclide via (p, n) nuclear reaction. The CalcuYield code was used in the predictions of the F-18 production yields. Using the CalcuYield code, the 18F radioactivity yields were calculated at the end of bombardment (EOB) at various proton beam currents, irradiation time and proton beam doses. Based on the CalcuYield calculated results, the maximum EOB yield of 18F at 13 MeV proton energy was 60.073 mCi/µAh. At a proton dose of 60 µAh, the EOB yield could be achieved as high as 3784.393 mCi, which could be used to diagnose more than 500 patients. The calculations also found that for the same proton dose, increasing proton beam current would result in greater 18F radioactivity yield than increasing irradiation time. In addition, radionuclide impurities which could predictably be present in the target were mostly due to nuclear reactions between proton beam and havar window. The predicted radionuclide impurities include 96Tc, 55Fe, 59Ni, 56Co, 52Mn, 186Re and 58Cu which were due to (p, n) nuclear reactions. The total radionuclide impurity yield was found to be 0.793 mCi/µAh. Among the other impurities, 58Cu was expected to have the highest radioactivity yield at all irradiation parameters. These predicted results could be used as a reference for future 18F radionuclide production should a 13-MeV proton beam is employed.
Conceptual design of magnetic field mapping in polar coordinate for DECY 13 cyclotron
Authors: Kudus I A , Wibowo K , Wahyono P I , Diah F I , Mulyani E , Taufik
Published: March 2021

Center for Accelerator Science and Technology (CAST) BATAN conducting a project on design and construction of 13 MeV proton cyclotron (DECY-13), which eventually will be used for radioisotope production. This cyclotron has several main components, one of them is a magnetic system that has been installed at the end of 2014. In the initial stage, magnetic field mapping was carried out with a mechanical structure in the x and y directions (Cartesian coordinate) using 2 hall probes. However, the results achieved have not been able to show the distribution of magnetic fields in accordance with the design specifications because the energy of beam path less than 3 MeV. The new mapping system was proposed for the DECY-13 magnet, using a hall probe that mechanically moves in angular and radial steps which are 1 degree and 5 mm, respectively. Based on the calculation, the mapping process required about 9 hours for 34,560 data, this number of data is 17% higher than the previous mapping system. Instrumentation of this system has 0.1 Gauss of error and 0.01 Gauss of resolution. The radial mapping provides better accuracy and more compatible with a further magnetic field analysis than the Cartesian.
Application of liquid organic fertilizers from market waste on the growth and nitrogen uptake of oil palm seedlings
Authors: Hastuti P B
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer from market waste on the growth and N uptake of oil palm leaves seedlings in pre-nursery. This experiment used a completely randomized design with ten replications. There were eight treatments namely 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, chemical fertilizer (NPKMg and urea) as control and solid compost. The results showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer at concentrations of 35% to 45% and solid compost gave the highest stem diameter and N uptake of oil palm leaves. The application of liquid organic fertilizer from a concentration of 25% to 45% and solid compost gives the highest dry weight and leaves of oil palm seedlings. Application of liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 45% to 65%, solid compost, or chemical fertilizer produces the highest amount of chlorophyll.
Theoretical analysis of the optimization of power transfer from half loop source in a simple cavity
Authors: Shali A H
Published: March 2021

A model that illustrate the optimal placement of coupler inside an RF cavity is proposed. The chosen geometry of the cavity are rectangular and cylindrical cavity. A small half loop of localized current source which acts as a coupler is placed on the side of the cavity. The half loop is then rotated along an axis perpendicular to the side of the cavity. An angle which gives maximum transferred power for both cavities is then sought. The result is then compared between cavities, which is then used to estimate the optimized configuration of a half loop coupler inside an RF cavity.
Modeling of x-ray attenuation on SS316 metal foam shielding using MCNPX
Authors: Hidayanto E , Budi W S , Arianto F
Published: March 2021

The use of lead plates as shielding to X-ray radiation has the disadvantages of being heavier and not environmentally friendly when compared to other materials. Currently, metal foam technology is developed that is expected to be close to the ability of lead plate as a radiation shielding that is lighter and environmentally friendly. This research was conducted by modeling SS316 stainless steel plates and foams for the thickness of 5-40 mm, the diameter of 2, 3, and 4 mm at an energy of 0.1, 0.662, and 1 MeV. The metal plate and foam modeling were carried out using the program of Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX). Calculation of X-ray attenuation from the modeling results shows that SS316 stainless steel performance both in the form of plates and metal foams is almost equivalent to pure lead. From these results, it can be concluded that metal foam technology is expected to be a lighter and environmentally friendly lead-in radiation retaining material.
The effect of extract guava, bitter melon, broccoli, and shallots on liver damage due to indoor pollutant exposure
Authors: Faisal M , Juswono U P , Santoso D R
Published: March 2021

Air freshener is a chemical-based product commonly used to freshen the air in the room. However, it usually has a variety of harmful compounds, and if it enters the body it can trigger the formation of free radicals, which in turn can cause cell and tissue damage in vital organs such as liver. One way that can be used to treat cell damage due to free radicals is by consuming foods that contain antioxidants. In this study, mice were used to determine the effectiveness of the antioxidant extracts of guava, bitter melon, broccoli, and shallots. Types of free radicals and levels of liver cells damage of mice due to free radicals were analyzed using quantitative atomic spectroscopy and levels assay of malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that the effect of the antioxidants mentioned above could reduce the number of free radicals and cell damage that occurred in the liver of mice exposed to air freshener, and the optimal dose of antioxidants was obtained at 69.5 mg per 20 grams of mice.
An experimental study of generating electricity from urban tropical forest plants
Authors: Muladi M. , Jalil M. F. A. , Arifin R. F. , Aripriharta A. , Zaini I. A. E. , Sendari S. , Hidayat S. , Utomo W. M.
Published: March 2021

Coal is a fossil energy source that is still dominant in the generation of world electricity. The use of this energy source causes environmental damages and pollutions. Coal mining causes irreparable damage to land, water, and natural resources around the mine. Exhaust gas emissions from energy generation with coal fuel contribute 44% of total global emissions. Alternative energy sources that can be renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly (green) need to be developed to reduce and stop environmental pollution. This research was conducted to explore alternative energy sources that are green, namely the source of electrical energy from living plants. Research on the generation of electrical energy from living plants has been widely carried out and gives satisfying results. In this study, the living plants studied were urban tropical forest plants so that the electricity generated could be used for lighting or sources of charging batteries for electronic devices or electric vehicles. The generation of electrical energy is carried out on each tree by using different electrodes combinations that work according to the principle of the Voltaic cell. The results showed that the combination of the gold-zinc electrode (Au-Zn) produced the highest voltage of 750mV in the sengon tree. The electric voltage generated in each tree species varies according to the combination of the electrodes used and the distance between the two electrodes. Experiments carried out on seven tree species and three combinations of electrodes produced an average electric voltage of 325.6mV. This voltage can be used to charge a 5V battery by connecting 20 cells serially.
Numerical solution of the schrödinger equation with periodic coulomb potential
Authors: Abdurrouf  , Pamungkas M A , Nurhuda M
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the energy spectrum of a periodic one-dimensional Coulomb potential. The Schrödinger equation is solved numerically by our newly developed filter method (Phys. Rev E 96(3), 033302 (2017)). We observe that the energy spectrum can be obtained with a limited number of lattice. The results show the presence of an energy band structure as a function of lattice width and edge width. The comparison with the other potential model is also discussed.
First application of machine learning algorithms to the position reconstruction in Resistive Silicon Detectors
Authors: Siviero F. , Arcidiacono R. , Cartiglia N. , Costa M. , Ferrero M. , Legger F. , Mandurrino M. , Sola V. , Staiano A. , Tornago M.
Published: March 2021

RSDs (Resistive AC-Coupled Silicon Detectors) are n-in-p silicon sensors based on the LGAD (Low-Gain Avalanche Diode) technology, featuring a continuous gain layer over the whole sensor area. The truly innovative feature of these sensors is that the signal induced by an ionising particle is seen on several pixels, allowing the use of reconstruction techniques that combine the information from many read-out channels.
In this contribution, the first application of a machine learning technique to RSD devices is presented. The spatial resolution of this technique is compared to that obtained with the standard RSD reconstruction methods that use analytical descriptions of the signal sharing mechanism. A Multi-Output regressor algorithm, trained with a combination of simulated and real data, leads to a spatial resolution of less than 2 μm for a sensor with a 100 μm pixel.
The prospects of future improvements are also discussed.
Regeneration potential of decellularized periodontal ligament cell sheets combined with 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 nanoparticles in a rat periodontal defect
Authors: Jiang Yao , Liu Jia-Mei , Huang Jia-Ping , Lu Ke-Xi , Sun Wei-Lian , Tan Jing-Yi , Li Bo-Xiu , Chen Li-Li , Wu Yan-Min
Published: March 2021

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of attachment and destruction of the periodontium. Decellularized sheet, as an advanced tissue regeneration engineering biomaterial, has been researched and applied in many fields, but its effects on periodontal regeneration remain unclear. In this study, the biological properties of decellularized human periodontal ligament cell (dHPDLC) sheets were evaluated in vitro. Polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GE) nanofibers were fabricated as a carrier to enhance the mechanical strength of the dHPDLC sheet. 15-deoxy-

Δ

12
,
14

-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) nanoparticles were added for anti-inflammation and regeneration improvement. For in vivo analysis, dHPDLC sheets combined with 15d-PGJ2 nanoparticles, with or without PCL/GE, were implanted into rat periodontal defects. The periodontal regeneration effects were identified by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological staining, and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that DNA content was reduced by 96.6%. The hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor were preserved but reduced. The expressions or distribution of collagen I and fibronectin were similar in dHPDLC and nondecellularized cell sheets. The dHPDLC sheets maintained the intact structure of the extracellular matrix. It could be recellularized by allogeneic human periodontal stem ligament cells and retain osteoinductive potential. Newly formed bone, cementum, and PDL were observed in dHPDLC sheets combined with 15d-PGJ2 groups, with or without PCL/GE nanofibers, for four weeks post-operation in vivo. Bringing together all these points, this new construct of dHPDLC sheets can be a potential candidate for periodontal regeneration in an inflammatory environment of the oral cavity.
Changing Amazon deforestation patterns: urgent need to restore command and control policies and market interventions
Authors: Trancoso Ralph
Published: March 2021

Market and public policies govern deforestation trends and patterns globally. Here I show that in the Brazilian Amazon, the largest tropical forest in the world, the size of deforestation polygons - the individual portions of cleared forest patches - has significantly increased in response to the current environmental governance. The average size of deforestation polygons in the current government is 61% greater than in the 10 previous years when environmental policies and programs were maintained. As a result, very large polygons (> 100 ha) are now dominating deforestation, suggesting a remarkable change in deforestation patterns and a new wave of destruction of the Amazon forest. To control increasing deforestation trends and changing patterns, command and control policies need to be strengthened along with interventions in the supply chain of Amazon commodities and sustainable development incentives, ensuring a transition to an environmentally sustainable economy.
Challenges and advantages of electrospun nanofibers in agriculture: a review
Authors: Meraz-Dávila S , Pérez-García C E , Feregrino-Perez Ana A
Published: March 2021

The application of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture has been growing piecemeal; however, it has been very limited only to the use of nanoparticles with respect to the intake, accumulation, and interaction of these in plants specifically in cells, tissues, and soils. Nevertheless, the effect of the mechanism of contribution in plants and sprouts has not been thoroughly studied. In the area of nanotechnology, the research of nanofiber materials is still considerably more limited with respect to the impact on plant metabolism. Even so, it has been observed that the fabrication of nanofibers has many advantages due to simplicity, low cost of production, high porosity, and contact surface. In this review, we will explore some applications and advantages of the use of nanofibers by electrospinning in agricultural applications mainly in growth and protection of the seeds, plants, and soils as well as in the detection of compounds.
An effective self-supervised framework for learning expressive molecular global representations to drug discovery
Authors: Li Pengyong , Wang Jun , Qiao Yixuan , Chen Hao , Yu Yihuan , Yao Xiaojun , Gao Peng , Xie Guotong , Song Sen
Published: March 2021

How to produce expressive molecular representations is a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence-driven drug discovery. Graph neural network (GNN) has emerged as a powerful technique for modeling molecular data. However, previous supervised approaches usually suffer from the scarcity of labeled data and poor generalization capability. Here, we propose a novel molecular pre-training graph-based deep learning framework, named MPG, that learns molecular representations from large-scale unlabeled molecules. In MPG, we proposed a powerful GNN for modelling molecular graph named MolGNet, and designed an effective self-supervised strategy for pre-training the model at both the node and graph-level. After pre-training on 11 million unlabeled molecules, we revealed that MolGNet can capture valuable chemical insights to produce interpretable representation. The pre-trained MolGNet can be fine-tuned with just one additional output layer to create state-of-the-art models for a wide range of drug discovery tasks, including molecular properties prediction, drug-drug interaction and drug-target interaction, on 14 benchmark datasets. The pre-trained MolGNet in MPG has the potential to become an advanced molecular encoder in the drug discovery pipeline.
Hyperbolic relational graph convolution networks plus: a simple but highly efficient QSAR-modeling method
Authors: Wu Zhenxing , Jiang Dejun , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Chen Guangyong , Liao Ben , Cao Dongsheng , Hou Tingjun
Published: March 2021

Accurate predictions of druggability and bioactivities of compounds are desirable to reduce the high cost and time of drug discovery. After more than five decades of continuing developments, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods have been established as indispensable tools that facilitate fast, reliable and affordable assessments of physicochemical and biological properties of compounds in drug-discovery programs. Currently, there are mainly two types of QSAR methods, descriptor-based methods and graph-based methods. The former is developed based on predefined molecular descriptors, whereas the latter is developed based on simple atomic and bond information. In this study, we presented a simple but highly efficient modeling method by combining molecular graphs and molecular descriptors as the input of a modified graph neural network, called hyperbolic relational graph convolution network plus (HRGCN+). The evaluation results show that HRGCN+ achieves state-of-the-art performance on 11 drug-discovery-related datasets. We also explored the impact of the addition of traditional molecular descriptors on the predictions of graph-based methods, and found that the addition of molecular descriptors can indeed boost the predictive power of graph-based methods. The results also highlight the strong anti-noise capability of our method. In addition, our method provides a way to interpret models at both the atom and descriptor levels, which can help medicinal chemists extract hidden information from complex datasets. We also offer an HRGCN+'s online prediction service at https://quantum.tencent.com/hrgcn/.
HCMMCNVs: hierarchical clustering mixture model of copy number variants detection using whole exome sequencing technology
Authors: Song Chi , Su Shih-Chi , Huo Zhiguang , Vural Suleyman , Galvin James E , Chang Lun-Ching
Published: March 2021

In this article, we introduce a hierarchical clustering and Gaussian mixture model with expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for detecting copy number variants (CNVs) using whole exome sequencing (WES) data. The R shiny package ‘HCMMCNVs’ is also developed for processing user-provided bam files, running CNVs detection algorithm and conducting visualization. Through applying our approach to 325 cancer cell lines in 22 tumor types from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), we show that our algorithm is competitive with other existing methods and feasible in using multiple cancer cell lines for CNVs estimation. In addition, by applying our approach to WES data of 120 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples, our algorithm, using the tumor sample only, exhibits more power in detecting CNVs as compared with the methods using both tumors and matched normal counterparts.

Availability and implementation

HCMMCNVs R shiny software is freely available at github repository https://github.com/lunching/HCMM_CNVs.and Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4593371.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Immaterial Monuments, Narrative Inequality and Glocal Social Work. Towards Critical Participatory Community Art-Based Practices
Authors: Livholts Mona B
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to ask critical questions about the immaterial narrative force of monuments and social justice related to place and space, and to develop an interdisciplinary, participatory, art-based methodology for the study of narrative inequality in glocal social work. The study begins with the glocal turn in social work, a condition characterised by a critical understanding of the interlinked and intersectional localities within a world perspective, theoretically and methodologically reshaped towards space, the arts, architecture and interdisciplinary practice-based collaborations. It develops participatory art as a tool for dialogue and critical spatial practice in urban environment by drawing upon critical scholarship on participatory art projects and the author’s experiences as a guest participant within the project ‘Immaterial Monuments’ in the Western Balkans. Experiences from this project are used as a catalyst to illustrate and discuss how participatory community art and social sculpture, with illustrations from photography and poetry, are useful for visualising the language of narrative inequality. The study argues that the question of how immaterial monuments reflect the worldviews and dominant narratives of privileged elites restrict spaces for marginalised people, and that glocal social work research, education and practice needs to promote anti-discriminatory and social justice perspectives through the critical study of immaterial monuments.
Is clinical assessment enough? Moving towards early differentiation of neurodegenerative parkinsonisms
Authors: Di Luca Daniel G , Lang Anthony E
Published: March 2021

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Identification of multiple system atrophy mimicking Parkinson’s disease or progressive supranuclear palsy’ by Miki et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awab017).
Low-protein diet accelerates wound healing in mice post-acute injury
Authors: Hew Jonathan J , Parungao Roxanne J , Mooney Craig P , Smyth Julian K , Kim Sarah , Tsai Kevin H-Y , Shi Huaikai , Chong Cassandra , Chan Renee C F , Attia Beba , Nicholls Caroline , Li Zhe , Solon-Biet Samantha M , Le Couteur David G , Simpson Stephen J , Jeschke Marc G , Maitz Peter K , Wang Yiwei
Published: March 2021

Background

Wound healing processes are influenced by macronutrient intake (protein, carbohydrate and fat). The most favourable diet for cutaneous wound healing is not known, although high-protein diets are currently favoured clinically. This experimental study investigates the optimal macronutrient balance for cutaneous wound healing using a mouse model and the Geometric Framework, a nutrient modelling method, capable of analyzing the individual and interactive effects of a wide spectrum of macronutrient intake.

Methods

Two adjacent and identical full-thickness skin excisions (1 cm2) were surgically created on the dorsal area of male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were then allocated to one of 12 high-energy diets that varied in protein, carbohydrate and fat content. In select diets, wound healing processes, cytokine expression, energy expenditure, body composition, muscle and fat reserves were assessed.

Results

Using the Geometric Framework, we show that a low-protein intake, coupled with a balanced intake of carbohydrate and fat is optimal for wound healing. Mice fed a low-protein diet progressed quickly through wound healing stages with favourable wound inflammatory cytokine expression and significantly accelerated collagen production. These local processes were associated with an increased early systemic inflammatory response and a higher overall energy expenditure, related to metabolic changes occurring in key macronutrient reserves in lean body mass and fat depots.

Conclusions

The results suggest that a low-protein diet may have a greater potential to accelerate wound healing than the current clinically used high-protein diets.
Post-cyclone (Aila), transforming lives and gendered relations in Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Sajal , Mathbor Golam M
Published: March 2021

This study examines the long-term effects of Cyclone Aila on the traditional livelihood of the Munda community in the Sundarbans forest of Bangladesh, together with its socially and culturally assigned gendering. Building on existing critiques of gender and critical developmental studies, the present study uses an ethnographic approach and traces resilience alongside a new gender equality between males and females, as they jointly discover new commercial and home industry occupations to replace the damaged Sundarbans forest heritage, discarding gendered role stereotypes in the jobs they do and the way they contribute to family income.