bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penentuan Nilai Kalor Eksperimental LPG dengan Variasi Udara Berlebih dan Variasi Debit LPG 0,4; 0,5; dan 0,6 LPM
Authors: Santosa Tito Hadji Agung , Nadjib Muhammad , Ikhsan Hardhany Faiz , Waskitho Tayuh Kinayung , Ramadhany Fiqri Elpa
Published: September 2022

Setiap bahan bakar memiliki nilai kalor (NK) yaitu energi yang dikandung dalam setiap massa dari bahan bakar. Penentuan nilai kalor bahan bakar gas dapat dilakukan dengan kalorimeter aliran. Penelitian ini menggunakan LPG sebagai bahan penelitian. Untuk menjamin semua bahan bakar terbakar, digunakan udara berlebih (excess air). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan NK eksperimental LPG dan efisiensi kalorimeter aliran dengan variasi udara berlebih (excess air). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pembakaran aktual dengan debit LPG 0,4; 0,5; dan 0,6 LPM dan tujuh variasi excess air (EA) 0% hingga 60% dengan interval variasi 10%. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan NK eksperimental dan efisiensi kalorimeter aliran yang mendekati NK LPG teoritik yaitu pada EA 50% sebesar 41.042,16 kJ/kg dan 85%. Namun pada variasi EA 60%, NK eksperimental dan efisiensi mengalami penurunan nilai yaitu 38.142,44 kJ/kg dan 78,66%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa NK eksperimental LPG naik seiring dengan naiknya udara berlebih hingga 50% dan selanjutnya turun pada udara berlebih 60% karena penambahan udara berlebih selanjutnya akan bersifat sebagai pendinginan. Each fuel has a heating value (HV) which is the energy contained in each mass of the fuel. Determination of the heating value of gas fuel can be done with a flow calorimeter. This research uses LPG as research material. To ensure that all fuel is burned, excess air is used. The purpose of this study was to obtain experimental LPG heating value and flow calorimeter efficiency with excess air variations. This study uses the actual combustion method with an LPG discharge of 0.4; 0.5; and 0.6 LPM and seven variations of excess air (EA) from 0% to 60% with a variation interval of 10%. From the calculation results obtained experimental HV and flow calorimeter efficiency close to theoretical LPG HV, namely at 50% EA of 41,042.16 kJ/kg and 85%. However, at 60% EA variation, experimental HV and efficiency decreased in value, namely 38,142.44 kJ/kg and 78.66%, respectively. It can be concluded that the experimental HV of LPG increases with the increase in excess air by up to 50% and then decreases at 60% excess air because the addition of excess air will act as cooling.
Study of prognostic outcome of cellulitis patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kaur Navjot
Published: September 2022

Background: Cellulitis is a non-suppurative, invasive infection of tissues, which is usually related to point of injury. It is a spreading inflammation. It is an acute bacterial infection causing inflammation of the deep dermis and surrounding subcutaneous tissue. To reduce morbidity and mortality early diagnosis and management with identification of co morbidities and treating them down is necessary. To make a full assessment of the cause, all patients require a detailed history, examination and investigations.Methods: This is a cross sectional comparative study of 50 patients having symptoms of cellulitis to be divided into two groups of 25 patients each where one group is having diabetes mellitus and other group without diabetes mellitus.Results: Diabetes mellitus patients have more morbidity and mortality in term of more days of hospital stay, rate of amputations and number of debridement. Early diagnosis, broad spectrum antibiotics and early aggressive debridement is the mainstay of management. Aggressive surgical debridement at initial stages of presentation can halt the clinical process and patient can have better prognosis. In neglected diabetic patients’ debridement alone is not sufficient and amputation may be required in some cases.Conclusions: Early diagnosis, broad spectrum antibiotics and early aggressive debridement in cellulitis patients results in better outcomes.
Does Gender and Sexual Diversity Lead to Greater Conflict in the School?
Authors: Frisancho Verónica , Herrera Alejandro , Nakasone Eduardo
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes the relationship between the presence of LGBTQI students in the class-room and the prevalence of violence in the school setting. We rely on a representative sample of secondary schools in Uruguay and exploit variation in the share of LGBTQI students across classrooms to study how their presence affects the individual experience of violence. Our results show little support for the contact hypothesis: a larger share of LGBTQI students in the classroom has no impact on the individual experience of violence. On the contrary, a greater share of female LGBTQI students in the classroom is associated with greater psychological and physical violence among girls, irrespective of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
Gender and Electoral Incentives: Evidence from Crisis Respons
Authors: Chauvin Juan Pablo , Tricaud Clemence
Published: September 2022

While there is evidence of gender differences in leaders behavior, less is known about what drives these gaps. This paper uncovers the role of electoral incentives. Using a close election regression discontinuity design in Brazil, we first show that female mayors handled the COVID-19 crisis differently over the year 2020, which ended with new municipal elections. We find that having a female mayor led to more deaths per capita at the beginning of the pandemic a period characterized by uncertainty about the severity of the threat but to fewer deaths per capita later in the year, a period where this uncertainty was reduced. We provide additional evidence that female mayors were less likely to close non-essential businesses early on, and more likely to do so at the end, and that residents in female-led municipalities were more likely to stay at home in the weeks surrounding the election. We then show that these results can be rationalized by a simple political agency model where politicians seek re-election and where voters assess female and male politicians actions differently. Consistent with this interpretation, we show that the gender differences we find are driven exclusively by mayors who were not term-limited and thus allowed to run for re-election, and that the effects are stronger in municipalities with greater gender discrimination. Taken together, the results suggest that female and male leaders face different electoral incentives and adapt their policy decisions to voters expectations.
Evaluating Criteria for Justifications of Morality
Authors: Prokofyev Andrey
Published: September 2022

The paper compares two basic questions of practical philosophy “How should I live?” and “Why should I be moral?” and proposes a system of criteria for the evaluation of different theories responding to the second question (justifications of morality). Despite the tendency to consider the first, open and more general, question the best starting point of practical philosophy and the process of self-realization, the author argues that the question “Why should I be moral?” remains meaningful and important because it initiates the justification of some imperatives whose violation utterly prevent us from living a good life. There are several conceptions that try to justify morality appealing to different essential human features: a desire to satisfy preferences, a desire to live happy life, a capacity to perceive values, norms and duties, a capacity to choose autonomously on the basis of the practical deliberation etc. To evaluate their arguments, philosophers should elaborate a system of criteria. The author proposes the following list: 1) the force of the grip of arguments on agent; 2) the scope of this grip; 3) the non-tautological character of arguments; 4) the absence of distortions pertained to the formal side of morality; 5) the absence of the radical gap between motivations used for justification and the ordinary moral motivation, 6) the absence of distortions pertained to the substantial side of morality (its normative content).
Freedom as a source of law and morality in the system of metaphysical personalism by B.N. Chicherin
Authors: Chizhkov Sergey
Published: September 2022

The article considers a common reproach to Chicherin that in his philosophical system, law is divorced from morality and is a completely autonomous area of normativity. The article also examines the concepts of the relationship between law, freedom and morality by Hegel and Kant and analyzes their assessment by Chicherin. The main content of the article is devoted to the consideration of a complex of issues related to the Chicherin concept of freedom as a form of existence of a rational being and as a source of law and morality. The article also gives Chicherin's interpretation of the principles of autonomous ethics, the postulates of legal science, examines the issues of the foundations of progress in law, analyzes Chicherin's criticism of positivist concepts of the nature of law and morality.
At the Origins of "Russian Northerness": Disputes about Lomonosov (1st third of the 19th century: Merzlyakov, Griboyedov, Bestuzhev-Marlinsky)
Authors: Kara-Murza Alexey
Published: September 2022

The article continues the study of the issue of the formation of the historiosophical and culturological concept "Russia as the North", born to a large extent in connection with the philosophical understanding of the life and work of the Russian scientist and poet Mikhail Lomonosov. The author believes that a significant contribution to this process of Russian self-identification was made in the first third of the 19th century. such intellectuals as the professor of Russian literature, poet and translator Alexei Fedorovich Merzlyakov (1778–1830), the writer and diplomat Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov (1795–1829) and the romantic writer, Decembrist Alexander Alexandrovich Bestuzhev-Marlinsky (1797–1837). The article analyzes literary and journalistic texts, variously associated with the name of Lomonosov, which formed the basis of the concept of "Russian northerners".
Aplicación del modelo varianza covarianza de diciembre de 2015 a diciembre 2020 para los mercados de México y Colombia
Authors: Vargas Leguizamón Yolanda Rocio , Hernández Mora Nydia Consuelo , Espitia López Hernando , Martínez Contreras Ronald Mauricio
Published: September 2022

Este análisis está basado en la teoría de selección de portafolio óptimo, donde se espera que para una rentabilidad determinada dentro de la curva de portafolios eficientes se genere el mínimo nivel de riesgo. En esta investigación se realizó un análisis empírico, en el que se conformó el portafolio eficiente según la teoría de selección de portafolio de Markowitz para los años 2015 a 2020 en los mercados accionarios de México y Colombia, revisando la rentabilidad arrojada para cada año de acuerdo con la composición inicial del portafolioal final del 2015, tomando el punto en la frontera eficiente donde el valor en riesgo (VaR), era igual al VaR del índice COLCAP en el caso de Colombia y al VaR del indicador INMEX en el caso de México. La rentabilidad calculada del portafolio se comparó con la rentabilidad del respectivo índice para validar la teoría en la cual un portafolio eficiente debería ser más rentable que uno no eficiente con el mismo valor en riesgo. El resultado principal es que para el horizonte temporal de cinco años si resultan más rentables los portafolios creados tanto para el mercado accionario de México como para el mercado accionario de Colombia.
Pisarka i wiedźma: Fenomen Marjany Romanowej w literaturze rosyjskiej XXI wieku (2002-2021)
Authors: Ojcewicz Grzegorz
Published: September 2022

Autor przybliża sylwetkę mistrzyni horroru, Marjany Romanowej (ur. 1979), kontrowersyjnej współczesnej pisarki rosyjskiej średniego pokolenia, która oprócz literatury zajmuje się także profesjonalnie sztuką wiedźmińską. Przez niektórych krytyków jest nazywana rosyjskim Stephenem Kingiem. Badacz śledzi drogę życiową Romanowej od najwcześniejszego etapu jej fascynacji sportami ekstremalnymi do najnowszych prób literackich, paraliterackich i pozaliterackich, w których ujawniają się autorskie fascynacje ezoterycznym drugim wymiarem oraz skutki indywidualnych eksperymentów z własną świadomością, a także zamiłowanie do propagowania tajemnic świata. Artykuł jest syntetycznym wprowadzeniem do problematyki i poetyki Romanowej, w której stylu indywidualnym można odnaleźć nawiązania do klasyków literatury rosyjskiej: tekstów niesamowitych  Nikołaja Gogola, płynności opowiadania Nadieżdy Teffi czy tajemniczej narracji Aleksieja K. Tołstoja.
Рождественский и пасхальный сюжеты в малой прозе Надежды Городецкой
Authors: Zakharova Viktoria
Published: September 2022

В данной статье ставится задача понять роль и значение рождественской и пасхальной тематики в рассказах русской писательницы-эмигрантки первой волны Надежды Городецкой (1901-1985). Анализ показывает: проза Городецкой свидетельствует о том, что, благодаря «вписанности» судеб самых обычных людей в контекст библейской истории, они «оправдываются» своей причастностью к этой истории.
Гонения на христианскую церковь ХХ века в изображении Василия Акимовича Никифорова-Волгина
Authors: Osminina Elena
Published: September 2022

Два аспекта: мученичество и проповедь в условиях гонений и разрушение церковных ценностей – освещены в теме гонений на Церковь. Повесть Василия Акимовича Никифорова-Волгина Дорожный посох анализируется в контексте его ранних рассказов. Выявляется документальная основа повести, реконструируется история возникновения некоторых образов и эпизодов. Делается вывод об изменении стиля писателя.
Шеймас Хини и Иосиф Бродский. Метафизика смерти в контексте христианской традиции
Authors: Elepova Marina , Beloshitskaya Nataliya
Published: September 2022

В статье анализируется стихотворение Шеймаса Хини «Оденское», посвященное памяти Иосифа Бродского, в которой автор в трансцендентном ключе обращается к проблеме смерти. Реминисценции из Божественной комедии Данте и древнешумерского Эпоса о Гильгамеше придают тексту произведения метафизическую глубину и позволяют ставить «вечные» вопросы о посмертной участи человека и бессмертии. Вопреки собственному секуляризованному сознанию зрелых лет Хини, католик по воспитанию, видит решение проблемы высшего смысла бытия в системе религиозных координат. В стихотворении он утверждает несостоятельность перед лицом смерти характерной для Бродского «идолизации» языка, когда язык замещает Бога и предстает как основа всего сущего. На основе материалов интервью, высказываний, воспоминаний Хини и Бродского рассматриваются позиции двух поэтов по отношению к сфере духовной жизни: трудный путь религиозных исканий Хини, интуитивную укорененность ирландского поэта в христианской традиции и метафизический нигилизм Бродского, отрицающего свою отчетливую принадлежность к какой-либо системе религиозных представлений. В стихотворении «Оденское» через смену эмоциональных регистров и интертекстуальные связи Хини до предела заостряет неявный при жизни Бродского, но остро вспыхнувший в сознании ирландского поэта после смерти друга метафизический конфликт, разрешение которого, по мысли поэта, возможно лишь в контексте высших духовных смыслов.
Educação inclusiva e ensino de química em escolas públicas: uma análise em contexto real
Authors: Carvalho Talita Cristina Raiol , Oliveira Marques Clara Virgínia Vieira Carvalho
Published: September 2022

A visão e o trato sobre questões da pessoa com deficiência encontram-se hoje imersos numa perspectiva de atenção aos direitos básicos dos cidadãos. A prática efetiva do direito à educação à todos(as) os(as) brasileiros(as) é um fato a ser considerado em todas as áreas de ensino, inclusive no que se refere ao campo das ciências exatas, por se apresentar como necessário para a formação de cidadãos críticos, participativos e conscientes do seu papel na sociedade. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados de uma investigação que buscou revelar o cenário da educação inclusiva frente ao ensino de química existente em três escolas públicas estaduais. A pesquisa baseou-se na perspectiva de investigação qualitativa e portanto, utilizou-se de questionários e entrevistas aplicados a professores de química e aos gestores para se obter o panorama inclusivo dessas escolas. Os resultados sinalizaram que o processo de inclusão escolar encontra-se em fase embrionária, ocorrendo de forma tímida, sendo bastante perceptível as características de um ensino tradicional e não inclusivo. Salienta-se que todos os professores entrevistados declaram preocuparem-se com a presença de alunos com deficiência nas suas salas, porém, verificou-se pouca ou nenhuma formação inicial ou continuada desses professores em relação as questões que possibilitem efetivar uma educação inclusiva. Outro ponto que chamou atenção foi a falta de parcerias eficazes entre escolas, Secretaria Estadual de Educação e Governo que acabam resultando em grandes entraves para que a inclusão escolar de fato aconteça.
Molekularny mechanizm działania progesteronu w żeńskim układzie rozrodczym
Authors: Dobrzyń Karolina , Kowalik Magdalena K.
Published: September 2022

Progesteron (P4) jest hormonem steroidowym, biorącym udział w licznych procesach zachodzących w obrębie żeńskiego układu rozrodczego. Hormon ten produkowany jest głównie przez ciałko żółte (CL), jednak jego źródłem jest również pęcherzyk jajnikowy i macica, a w trakcie ciąży łożysko. Dzięki swojemu wielokierunkowemu działaniu uczestniczy zarówno w regulacji cyklu płciowego, jak również w zapoczątkowaniu oraz utrzymaniu ciąży. Hormon ten działa na komórki docelowe na klasycznej drodze genomowej, przez jądrowe receptory P4 (PGR) oraz na nieklasycznej drodze pozagenomowej, przez błonowe receptory P4: PGRMC (progesterone membrane receptor component) 1 i 2 oraz mPR (membrane progestin receptor) α, β i γ. Mechanizm genomowy doprowadza do ekspresji genów docelowych i syntezy nowych białek, natomiast mechanizm pozagenomowy oddziałuje na różne ścieżki przekazywania sygnału wewnątrzkomórkowego, wpływając na białka już istniejące. Integracja tych dwóch mechanizmów działania P4 prowadzi do właściwej regulacji odpowiedzi komórki, tkanki, a w konsekwencji całego organizmu na hormon.
Kihívások és lehetőségek a fenntarthatóság kapcsán : Röviden az új fenntartható finanszírozás jogszabálycsomagról
Authors: Lencsés Katalin
Published: September 2022

Jelen írás az új európai uniós jogszabálycsomagot mutatja be, melynek célja a fenntartható befektetések ösztönzése. A cikk a jogszabálycsomag főbb elemeit veszi számba, külön koncentrálva a kapcsolódó biztosítói feladatokra és kihívásokra.
Forgasd ki: játékosított tanulás a biztosítási szektorban
Authors: Ábrahám Zsolt , Fejes Petra
Published: September 2022

Tanulmányunkban a biztosítási szektor ismertsége és a játékosítás közötti kapcsolatot vizsgáljuk a „Biztonságkerék” játék eredményeinek az elemzésén keresztül. Kutatásunk során az alábbi két hipotézist vizsgáltuk: 1) A „Biztonságkerék” játékkal játszó fiatalok túlnyomó többsége a kockázatvállalás szempontjából tudatos, illetve 2) a „Biztonságkerék” játékkal játszó fiatalok biztosítási ismeretei hiányosak. A kutatás során vizsgált kérdéseket a játékosításhoz és a tanuláselméletekhez kapcsolódó szakirodalom kontextusában vizsgáltuk. A kutatás alapját az online játék 2020. szeptember 1. és december 31. között gyűjtött adatai képezik, ahol a játékot végigjátszó, regisztrált játékosok viselkedési és ismereti kérdésekre adott válaszait elemeztük leíró statisztikai módszerekkel. A kapott eredmények alapján azt látjuk, hogy a játékosok 67 százaléka a kockázatvállalás szempontjából tudatosnak mondható. A biztosítási ismeretek tekintetében a fiatalok ismerete az élethelyzetükkel erősen összefügg, a középiskolás és egyetemista szakaszokhoz kapcsolódóan a legátfogóbb, míg a nyugdíjas évekhez kapcsolódóan érték el a legalacsonyabb pontszámot.
Economic analysis of threshing and shelling machine service provision to reduce post-harvest loss in Ethiopia
Authors:   Sasakawa Africa Association, Getachew M , Fentahun M , Fikadu C
Published: September 2022

The Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) has been addressing the neglected post-harvest sector in Ethiopia through promoting improved storage facilities and introducing handheld and motorized crop shelling and threshing machines. However, post-harvest technologies are poorly adopted by the farmers although the traditional threshing methods often result in high grain losses and low-quality produces due to low awareness of the farmers and service providers on the benefits of the technologies. This study, therefore, was conducted in May 2020 to determine the socio-economic benefits of the threshing/shelling machine so as to inform the service providers on how to improve the adoption of the machine. A total of eight youth group service providers in four woredas of Oromia and Amhara regions in Ethiopia were selected for the study. In a unimodal rainfall production region, the Bako model maize sheller and the dehusker machines were assessed, whereas in a bimodal production region the multi-crop thresher was evaluated. Primary data were sourced through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII) and secondary data were extracted through document review. Discounted economic parameters such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) were used for determining the profitability of the businesses. The result of the actual cashflow analysis in the unimodal area showed that the multi-crop thresher generated a negative NPV (USD -970) with IRR value of -6% and a BCR value of 0.87. On the contrary, in the bimodal area, the NPV was found to be positive (USD 1917.3) with a BCR of 1.21 and IRR value 36%. Congruently, the Bako model maize sheller machine resulted in NPV of USD 8227.5, BCR value of 3.51 with IRR value of 133%. On the other hand, the dehusker machine generated NPV of USD 2247.5 with a BCR of 1.45, and IRR of 24%. The partial budget analysis of the farmers revealed that the threshing machine reduced the threshing costs by USD158.2 (51.9%) per hectare of land compared to the traditional threshing method. On the basis of the minimum food energy requirement, in the two districts alone, the maize grain that was lost through traditional shelling would have fed 3,939 individuals or 788 households, whereas for teff crop, the loss would have fed 6,163 adults or 1233 households throughout the year. Based on the findings, the authors recommend to scale-up the introduction of the machines in the bimodal production areas where two harvesting seasons exist and increase the service charge and working hours- in the unimodal area to improve entrepreneurs’ profit and adoption of the machines. Key words: post-harvest loss, shelling, threshing, dehusking, economic analysis, food security
Costs and Taxes in the Light of Financial Management in Companies Listed on WSE
Authors: Lyroudi Katerina , Bolek Monika
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The goal of this paper is to present costs and taxes as a part of financial management process in companies listed on the WSE. In the hypothesis it is expected that costs influence taxes paid by companies in a negative way due to the tax avoidance purpose attitude presented by managers, and as a result, both liquidity and debt levels are influenced.

Methodology: Correlation coefficients and regression models are evaluated to find the answers for the research questions related to the relationships between tested variables.

Results of the research: The correlation between costs and taxes is negative as expected, as well as their relationship with the liquidity. Contrary to the expectations, the correlation between taxes and costs is mostly positive, alike the relationship between liquidity and debt. Findings are characteristic for the Polish market that is rather conservative in the approach to taxes, liquidity and leverage strategies compared to other developed markets. These findings prove that liquidity and debt management issues are subjective and related to the market behavior such as tax evasion attitudes.
„Kalendarz na Szkołę Rzemiosł w Kaliszu” (1907–1911) jako przykład inicjatywy edytorskiej wspierającej szkolnictwo polskie w latach zaborów
Authors: Andrysiak Ewa
Published: September 2022

„Kalendarz na Szkołę Rzemiosł w Kaliszu” ukazywał się w latach 1907-1911 i był przewidziany dla rozpowszechniania guberni kaliskiej. Powstał on jako forma wsparcia do nowopowstałej Szkoły Rzemiosł w Kaliszu. Autorka poniższy artykuł poświęciła na omówienie krótkiej historii tego kalendarza.
Dzieła Adama Mickiewicza w książce dla dzieci i młodzieży do 1918 r. Inicjatorzy przedsięwzięć wydawniczych – wydawcy – wydawnictwa – drukarze w trosce o oświatę i kulturę polską pod zaborami
Authors: Kacprzak Marta M.
Published: September 2022

Autorka artykuł poświęca postaci Adama Mickiewicza oraz jego twórczości w kontekście przekazywania jej dzieciom oraz młodzieży. Należy pamiętać, że wieszcz był dla osób żyjących pod zaborami symbolem polskości. Przełom XIX i XX wieku, kiedy to przypadały lata Mickiewiczowskie (100. rocznica urodzin czy 50. rocznica śmierci) sprzyjały popularyzacji twórczości poety. Badaczka skupia się nad utworami wybranymi z tych okazji dla młodszych czytelników.
Mathematical discourses on propositional equivalence: An exploration through the commognitive lens
Authors: Ignacio Avelino , Sison Louis Robert
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the mathematical learning of purposively sampled second-year Bachelor of Secondary Education mathematics majors from a state university in Bulacan province on propositional equivalence concept within the Logic and Set Theory course via a commognitive lens. This small-scale study employed exploratory qualitative research with one class recording, one focus group, and select activity outputs. Four participants in the focus group were sampled based on commognitive conflict occurrences. The teacher-researcher operated as a co-participant in the mathematical discourse. The dean's approval and participants' informed consent were observed, explaining the research objectives and confidentiality scope. The findings present accounts and descriptions of participants' mathematical discourses through the commognitive lens: word use, visual mediators, endorsed narratives, and routine practices that describe Logic and Set Theory discourses on the propositional equivalence concept from a participationist's learning standpoint.
‘Educar’ se dice de muchas maneras
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Huarte Cuéllar Renato
Published: September 2022

It is common to forget that education or to educate are words. In this sense, if we are able to follow an approach to education as a language issue, we could then consider educational problems from new perspectives, e.g., the ways of thinking “education” in different languages. This text was inspired by the approach of Syrian-French linguist Émile Benveniste to different languages, and by the consequences of his discussion with Jacques Derrida. In this way, other possibilities to think “education” open up, from different languages, from different cultures, from different latitudes and traditions. We will go through the argument posed by the Syrian linguist and his responses to Derrida’s critiques in order to be able to think education or to educate as words.
Totalitarianism and Ukrainian Literature: Traumatic Memory and Revelation of the Past
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Zbyr Iryna
Published: September 2022

The article highlights the topic of totalitarianism in Ukrainian literature, in particular, shows the traumatic memory and exposure of the past, which is interpreted differently by writers of different generations. Particular attention is paid to the causes of totalitarianism in Europe after the World War I and its impact on modern post-totalitarian cultures. Such cultures include primarily Ukrainian. Numerous social protests, revolutions, the war in Donbass are not so much the consequences of geopolitical conflicts as permanent attempts to return to the Ukrainian identity, to express national traumas, to identify cultural and human losses, which did not happen immediately after the collapse of the USSR. The problem of totalitarianism is also key in determining the specifics of its modern literary interpretation, because most works of art, which to varying degrees appeal to the reconstruction of the past, for the first time clearly verbalize those relevant topics that are still inconvenient and provoke misunderstandings among Ukrainians themselves.
Today Ukrainian literature demonstrates a double stance against the totalitarian past. First, we read in it a steady protest against the socialist-realist heritage, embodied in the long search for inherent forms of artistic self-expression; secondly, modern Ukrainian literature resorted to a total revision of the consequences of cultural stagnation provoked by the experience of many years of totalitarian terror.
The article reveals the connections between this regime and the art of speech, in particular the birth of the pseudo-artistic literary trend of the time - social realism. The author analyzes the peculiarities of the use of literature as a tool of propaganda. In addition, one of the main problems of modern research is the modern ways of artistic rethinking and the process of elaboration of totalitarian experience. In particular, it is about the cultural trauma of oppressed peoples in the Soviet period, which is related to human rights and freedoms, concentration camps, desecration of the myth of victory in World War II, denial of God, etc., which affects the behavior of modern societies and often provokes unpredictable in European politics.
Romania’s National Security through Alliance Diplomacy
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Kwak Dong Hun
Published: September 2022

To understand a phenomenon and to overcome it effectively, we need a lens that can see the phenomenon clearly. The meaning and type of the phenomenon look different depending on which lens we look through, and furthermore, the countermeasures and solution method for it are also different. The same goes for international relations. Alliance diplomacy, one of the various approaches to understanding the behavior of international relations, can be said to be a basic diplomatic means to maintain the balance of power between countries. The key to alliance diplomacy is the balance of power. The true purpose of alliance diplomacy is to secure a balanced power against the hostile country by forming an alliance with other countries when national security cannot be achieved on its own.
The military value of Romania is increasing at the European level by the United States trying to strengthen NATO’s current strategic role. Romania is a very important region for the national interest of the United States. It is true that Romania, which is very close to Russia, a hostile hegemon, is also faithfully responding to changes in the security environment through an alliance with the United States.
However, the range of mutual understanding between the United States and European countries across the Atlantic Ocean is getting narrower. Between the two powers, Europe, which provides software values such as economy and culture, and the United States, which provides hardware means such as political and military power, the scope of Romania’s movement may be narrowed. Romania is receiving economic support from the EU, a large European economic community, and security guarantees from NATO, led by the United States. Therefore, in the face of the dilemma of cooperation and discord between the two powers, Romania will have to properly adapt to the international system that is transitioning to a multipolar system by maximizing its strategic flexibility.
A Diachronic Study of Czech-Polish Language Contact: Focused on the Reception of Czech Language in Poland
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Kim Inchon
Published: September 2022

Czech shows many significant sociolinguistic phenomena in the field of language contact between German, Slovak and Polish respectively, which are geographically neighboring languages. The motives, conditions and cause and effect for the contact between each language can be various and have different linguistic meanings. Historically, Czech has exhibited sociolinguistic aspects such as language conflict and linguistic purism regarding German in contact and bilingual questions with Slovak. In respect with Polish in contact, however Czech had been played an important role in the development of Polish literary language, especially in the 16th century.
The history of close contact between two languages started from the Christianization of Poland through the Czech-Polish alliance and the specific historico-geographic factors of High Silesia. Moreover the linguistic similarity of the two languages as the West Slavonic had been catalyzed Czech-Polish language contact. In this context, this paper discusses the various sociolinguistic factors which serve to reception of Czech language in Poland and examines the examples of lexical borrowings and some linguistic changes influenced by Czech.
Ideals and norms related to fatherhood in Europe: A comparative perspective from the European Social Survey
Authors: Martín-García Teresa , Seiz Marta , Castro-Martín Teresa
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study explores cross-country similarities and differences in individuals' perceptions of the ideal age and pathways to become a father, focusing on five European countries: Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK.
Background: Empirical research analyzing family-related social norms and individuals' preferences is still scarce when compared to the abundant literature on family behavior, and especially so when focusing on men rather than women. This study attempts to mitigate this gap in the literature by focusing on ideals and norms related to fatherhood.
Method: Using European Social Survey data from the most recent available round (2018/2019), descriptive and multivariate regression analyses are performed to examine: (a) the ideal age to become a father; and (b) approval of men's decision to never have children, to have a child outside marriage, and to keep working full-time when having small children.
Results: Findings confirm signs of convergence across countries regarding the “normalization” of postponed fatherhood, as well as increased detachment from traditional attitudes. Differences between "forerunner" and "laggard" countries with regard to family-related norms and family change are visibly narrowing. However, the ideal age for fatherhood and the approval of non-traditional life course trajectories also reflect different incentives and possibilities for the establishment of new family models provided by the gender culture and the welfare regime in each country.
Conclusion: Examining social norms regarding male reproductive decisions and the exercise of fatherhood from a comparative perspective is important for understanding men’s choices and the normative social framework potentially constraining them.
Erratum to: Use of a MAIT Activating Ligand, 5-OP-RU, as a Mucosal Adjuvant in a Murine Model of Vibrio cholerae O1 Vaccination
Authors: Jensen Owen , Trivedi Shubhanshi , Cacioppo Jackson G. , Li Kelin , Aubé Jeffrey , Hale J. Scott , Ryan Edward T. , Leung Daniel T
Published: September 2022

ERRATUM TO: USE OF A MAIT ACTIVATING LIGAND, 5-OP-RU, AS A MUCOSAL ADJUVANT IN A MURINE MODEL OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE O1 VACCINATION
DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i1.525
Reason: The authors sincerely regret the inadvertent omission of Jackson G. Cacioppo as coauthor of this work. He has no additional conflicts of interest. 
Corrected version: Owen Jensen1,2, Shubhanshi Trivedi1, Jackson G. Cacioppo3, Kelin Li3, Jeffrey Aubé3, J. Scott Hale2, Edward T. Ryan4,5,6, Daniel T. Leung1, 2*
Digital Biomarkers of Poor Gait and Balance in Diabetic Foot, Measurable by Wearables: A Review of Literature
Authors: Kang Gu Eon , Stout Angeloh , Waldon Ke’Vaughn , Kang Seungmin , Killeen Amanda L. , Crisologo Peter A. , Siah Michael , Jupiter Daniel , Najafi Bijan , Vaziri Ashkan , Lavery Lawrence A.
Published: September 2022

People with diabetic foot frequently exhibit poor gait and balance. However, there is no review to inform digital biomarkers of poor gait and balance related to diabetic foot, measurable by wearables outside traditional gait laboratories. Such information could assist in designing remote patient monitoring platform to track changes in gait and balance dysfunction among people with diabetic foot for timely referral and intervention. Accordingly, we conducted a web-based review using PubMed. Our search was limited to human subjects and English-written papers published in peer-reviewed journals. We identified 20 papers in this review. We found preliminary evidence of digital biomarkers of gait and balance dysfunction in people with diabetic foot, measured by wearables, such as slow gait speed, large gait variability, unstable gait initiation, and large body sway. However, due to heterogeneities in included papers in terms of study design, movement tasks, and small sample size, more studies are recommended to confirm this preliminary evidence. Additionally, based on our review, we recommend establishing appropriate strategies to successfully implement wearable-based assessment into clinical practice for diabetic foot care.
Differentially Private Block Coordinate Descent for Linear Regression on Vertically Partitioned Data
Authors: De Jong Jins , Kamphorst Bart , Kroes Shannon
Published: September 2022

We present a differentially private extension of the block coordinate descent based on objective perturbation. The algorithm iteratively performs linear regression in a federated setting on vertically partitioned data. In addition to a privacy guarantee, the algorithm also offers a utility guarantee; a tolerance parameter indicates how much the differentially private regression may deviate from an analysis without differential privacy. The algorithm’s performance is compared with the standard block coordinate descent algorithm and the trade-off between utility and privacy is studied. The performance is studied using both artificial test data and the forest fires data set. We find that the algorithm is fast and able to generate practical predictions with single-digit privacy budgets, albeit with some accuracy loss.
Prevalence of Drug-Drug Interactions and Duplicate Therapy in Chronic Patients in Switzerland: A Real-World Data Study
Authors: Hafizi Redona , Bauert Anja
Published: September 2022

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug-drug interaction (DDI) and duplicate therapy in chronic patients in a completely random study population engaged in digital health apps. In this cross-sectional study, polypharmacy checks for 100 completely anonymous patients were analyzed for the occurrence of DDIs and duplicate therapy. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with DDIs and duplicate therapy. DDIs and duplicate therapy prevalence were 34% and 33%, respectively. Chi-Square test discovered a significant association between the DDIs and duplicate therapy variables. Logistic regression models showed a strong association between the number of medications taken and higher odds of DDIs occurring in our population only. In conclusion, our study shows that polypharmacy is a determining factor for the occurrence of unwanted DDIs, and the prevalence of duplicate therapy and DDIs is around 33%, increasing an issue regarding patient safety and its burden to the healthcare system.
Is mean discharge meaningless for environmental flow management?
Authors: McKay S.
Published: September 2022

River ecosystems are highly dependent on and responsive to hydrologic variability over multiple time scales (e.g., hours, months, years). Fluctuating river flows present a key challenge to river managers, who must weigh competing demands for freshwater. Environmental flow recommendations and regulations seek to provide management targets balancing socio-economic outcomes with maintenance of ecological integrity. Often, flow management targets are based on average river conditions over temporal windows such as days, months, or years. Here, three case studies of hydrologic variability are presented at each time scale, which demonstrate the potential pitfalls of mean-based environmental flow criteria. Each case study shows that the intent of the environmental flow target is not met when hydrologic variability is considered. While mean discharge is inadequate as a single-minded flow management target, the consequences of mean flow prescriptions can be avoided in environmental flow recommendations. Based on these case studies, a temporal hierarchy of environmental flow thresholds is proposed (e.g., an instantaneous flow target coupled with daily and monthly averages), which would improve the efficacy of these regulations.
Physiological impacts of social media platforms on adolescent health: a review of key studies and possible directions for future research
Authors: Tasawar Aisha
Published: September 2022

There has been rapid growth in the literature surrounding the psychological implications of social media (SM) platforms on adolescent well-being. The physiological effects, however, have not been adequately explored. This review examines the implications of SM on i) neural responses, ii) sleep quality, iii) cellular aging, and iv) the adoption of risky health behaviors, with the overall goal of highlighting novel findings within these domains, identifying gaps in current literature, and providing possible directions for future research. The review was conducted using articles extracted from Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI searches. In terms of neural responses, the results demonstrate a decreased activation in the cognitive-control region of the adolescent brain while viewing risky images on SM, however, longitudinal data is required to form causal relationships between SM usage and long-term neurodevelopment. In terms of sleep quality, better insight could be gained if pre-sleep arousal in relation to specific content consumed is analyzed. Increased instances of stress induced due to SM call for the inclusion of this factor when examining markers of cellular aging, as there is no study thus far that has aimed to do so. Lastly, the most direct way in which SM can impact adolescents is through the adoption of risky behaviors being broadcast on these platforms. Analysis of these results suggests that SM platforms hold considerable potential to harm the physiological development of adolescents and warrant further investigation to better understand their full ramifications. Awareness of related issues is important for healthcare professionals and public health organizations.
Correlating MRI-Based Brain Volumetry and Cognitive Assessment in People with Down Syndrome
Authors: Hamadelseed Osama , Skutella Thomas
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION: Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Children and adults with Down syndrome show deficits in various aspects of language performance and explicit memory. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on children and adults with Down syndrome to characterize changes in the volume of specific brain structures involved in memory and language and their relationship to features of cognitive-behavioral phenotypes.
METHODS: Thirteen children and adults with the Down syndrome phenotype and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (age range 4-25) have assessment by MRI and underwent a psychological evaluation for language and cognitive abilities.
RESULTS: The cognitive profile of people with Down syndrome showed deficits in different cognition and language domains correlated with reduced volumes of specific regional and subregional brain structures, confirming previous related studies. Interestingly, in our study, persons with Down syndrome also showed a greater parahippocampal gyrus volume, in agreement with the results found in previous reports.
CONCLUSIONS: The memory functions and language skills affected in studied individuals with Down syndrome correlate significantly with the reduced volume of specific brain regions, allowing us to understand Down syndrome's cognitive-behavioral phenotype. Our results provide an essential basis for early intervention and the design of rehabilitation management protocols.
The contribution of international food trade to dietary risks and mortality at global, regional, and national levels
Authors: Springmann Marco , Kennard Harry , Dalin Carole , Freund Florian
Published: September 2022

About a quarter of all food produced for human consumption is internationally traded, including foods with important public health implications such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and red meat. Food trade is generally perceived to increase the availability and diversity of foods available to consumers, but there is little empirical evidence on its implications for human health. Here we show that food trade has a substantial impact on dietary risks and mortality worldwide, and that whether impacts are positive or negative depends on the types of foods traded. Using bilateral trade data for 2019, together with food-specific risk-disease relationships, we estimate that international trade in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts improved dietary risks in the importing countries and was associated with a reduction in mortality from non-communicable diseases of ~ 1.4 million deaths globally. In contrast, trade in red meat aggravated dietary risks in the importing countries and was associated with an increase of ~ 150,000 deaths. We identified European countries as the greatest importers of health-promoting foods, and countries in the Americas as the greatest exporters, whilst Germany, the USA, Spain, Brazil, and Australia were leading exporters of foods that increase dietary risks. The magnitude of our findings suggests that safeguarding the trade in health-promoting foods from disruptions, whilst limiting those of unhealthy ones can make substantial contribution to maintaining and improving population health. We anticipate that considering impacts on dietary risks will become important aspects for health-sensitive trade and agriculture policies, and for policy responses to disruptions in food chains.
Application of Maple on Computing Strong Fuzzy Chromatic Polynomial of Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Ashebo Mamo Abebe , Rathour Laxmi , Rep V.N. SrinivasaRao
Published: September 2022

Objective: In the field of graph theory, maple is a technical computation form that is used for solving problems. In this article, we apply maple to find the strong fuzzy chromatic polynomial of fuzzy graphs and related. Moreover, we apply maple to obtain the strong fuzzy chromatic number for fuzzy graphs & related through their strong fuzzy chromatic polynomials.
Results: The strong fuzzy chromatic polynomials for fuzzy graphs, strong fuzzy graphs and complete fuzzy graphs are determined using maple. Furthermore, the strong fuzzy chromatic number for the fuzzy graphs are obtained.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C72; 05C15; 05C31.