bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of the physical space in medical space
Authors: Gomes Zumba Geraldo , Gomes Zumba Janice , Gomes Zumba Henrique
Published: June 2023

Work is a fundamental activity in people's lives, it makes it possible to enjoy well-being to live in society. However, the development of some types of diseases is being related to the work environment, for example, the Burnout syndrome, a disease that is increasingly being researched, and leads to inability to carry out work activities. It is no different in healthcare environments, as critical and stressful situations often occur, involving interpersonal relationships, different demands and individuals with different degrees of suffering. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental factors that define the comfort conditions not only for patients, but also for the medical team that works there. Some variables interfere with well-being: thermal, acoustic, visual, light, olfactory and ergonomic comfort, which assume even more significant responsibilities for architectural design in improving the quality of working life. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how the physical structure influences the well-being of the medical team, and to identify the presence of risk factors in spaces that can compromise their health; identify design measures capable of preventing pathologies. The optimization of the distribution of spaces, the correct choice of colors, the flows and reduced routes and pacifying elements contribute to creating a more harmonious and more humane environment. The post-occupancy evaluation experience in environments shows that the association between the provision of services and the social relations maintained in the place is also closely linked to the built environment. The instruments used in this study were based on the observation of the quality of the place: procedures for post-occupancy evaluation. The results demonstrate that the evaluation of the characteristics of the physical spaces is fundamental: behavioral, technical-constructive aspects, environmental and comfort characteristics. Therefore, the understanding, planning and quality of health building projects with rationalization, adequacy, comfort and humanization, make the architecture of health environments able to contribute to reducing the sources that cause stress also in those who work there.
Interweaving Design and Computing: Addressing Systemic Challenges in the Intelligent Era through Human-Computer Collaboration
Authors: Dong Yan , Yu Hanjie , Wu Qiong
Published: June 2023

he intelligent era has witnessed a profound integration of computing and design, leading to significant changes in the scale, scope, and tools of design, and has had a profound impact on future design practices. In particular, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has made mutual understanding, communication, and collaboration between humans and machines an inevitable topic in design. This has prompted designers to reconsider their existing work modes, processes, mindset, collaborative relationships, and the application of collaborative design tools. What new insights do these changes bring to the mindset of designers? How can we redefine the mindset of designers based on the characteristics of the intelligent era and guide current design practices? This study focuses on the deep integration of technology and design in the intelligent era, combining insights from academic literature and the perspective of the design industry to explore how designers can effectively respond to the challenges of deep human-machine collaboration in the intelligent era from three aspects: design objects, thinking patterns, and methods.
Keeping the human element to secure autonomous shipping operations
Authors: Håkon Meland Per , Atle Nesheim Dag , Jan Rødseth Ørnulf
Published: June 2023

Autonomous shipping operations are becoming economically and technically feasible, but this development also requires new human roles and responsibilities onshore for managing cyber events. The goal of this paper is to present a methodology for describing autonomous shipping operations and risks caused by potential cyber-attacks, focusing on critical situations to the interplay between the automation and human operators. We have applied our methodology on a case study for planned autonomous operations in European waterways. Our results show that the reliance on new technologies such as sensors, computer vision and AI reasoning onboard the autonomous ships or cranes opens to new types of attacks that the industry has little experience with as of now. Unmanned systems should therefore be designed with assurance methods that can bring the human into the loop, providing situational awareness and control. At the same time, human resource exhaustion is a potential attack goal against remote operations. We could see from our threat likelihood estimation that attacks related to deny- and injure-motivations have the highest values in all mission phase patterns. This is in accordance with the general attack trends within the maritime domain and many other sectors, where financially motivated attackers will try to demand a ransom to stop business disruption.
Social Engineering Penetration Testing within the OODCA Cycle – Approaches to Detect and Remediate Human Vulnerabilities and Risks in Information Security
Authors: Öztürk Asiye , Koza Erfan , Willer Michael
Published: June 2023

In more than 95% of all successfully conducted cyberattacks, the human factor is exploited as a vulnerability point. The following principle applies. Whenever a hacker uses external attack vectors and thus does not directly use the Internet as a medium, employees become the target of the attack. As a result, the current technical and intelligent defense mechanisms can only contribute to a limited extent to the increase the resilience of IT systems, as these technological approaches do not fully account for the behavioral, cognitive, and heterogeneous motivations that lead to human error in the security causal chain of information security using social engineering (SE) methods. In this paper, we present a strategic and iterative analysis tool to detect SE threats through systemic monitoring, to train and successfully defend against them. For this purpose, we use the so-called Course of Actions to practically check the security-compliant behavior of employees and to initialize the feedback processes for reactivating the human firewall based on the knowledge gained. This approach is already being applied to various types of organizations and critical infrastructure and can be seamlessly integrated into existing training and auditing programs.
Bringing humans at the core of cybersecurity: Challenges and future research directions
Authors: Kioskli Kitty , Mouratidis Haralambos , Polemi Nineta
Published: June 2023

The prompt response to successfully adopt good cybersecurity practices from protecting passwords to security incidents’ responding to activating a disaster recovery or a business continuity plan depends upon the level of operators’ ability in problem solving, resilience, readiness, maturity, observation, and perception. New technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) can also be helpful to more effectively forecast or respond to serious incidents, especially to massive attacks. However, the cybersecurity operators need to alter their mindsets, adopt new behavioural patterns, and work attitudes to embrace and interact with AI-assistance during cyber defence activities. in addition, when the operators need to assess or mitigate AI socio-technical risks related to bias, transparency and equality, they will base their decisions for estimating or mitigating these risks on their behavioural, social, cultural, and ethical characteristics. In this paper, we are presenting challenges related to human and psychosocial factors of the cybersecurity operators. We also discuss the motives and drivers that impact the cognitive aspects (e.g., focus on operational tasks, attention, objectivity) of the cyber operations. We further identify how the cybersecurity operators’ personality traits impact the success of the cybersecurity practices and estimations and analyse research challenges, regarding the impact of operators’ profiles on their perceptions and interactions, with AI cyber defending tools and management of AI risks. Finally, we consider the impact these human factors may have on successful cybersecurity operations and practices and provide proposals for interdisciplinary research directions requiring the collaboration of cybersecurity experts, psychologists, and behavioural scientists.
Short-time taxi demand prediction based on Transformer-LSTM in integrated transportation hub
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Li Xiujie , Zhang Bin , Yang Haozhe , Wang Guangbin
Published: June 2023

Taxis, as an important part of the comprehensive transportation passenger flow connection, is one of the main tools for passengers in an integrated transportation hubs due to their better accessibility and convenience. Due to the impact of passenger travel choices and the frequent collection and distribution of large passenger flows in comprehensive transportation hubs, the demand for taxis fluctuates greatly. In addition, there are many other uncertainties in the process of taxi transfer because of the unreasonable scheduling of taxis, such as long transfer time, passengers stranded at the taxi stand, etc. Thus will cause delay and time waste of passengers. In order to improve the productivity of the hub operation in passenger flow distribution and serve the dynamic decision-making of taxi drivers, it is very necessary to predict the demand for taxis in the hub in time. Based on artificial intelligence deep learning method, this paper wants to build a short-term taxi demand forecasting model, which can assist taxi drivers to make decisions and choose a reasonable time to wait go to the taxi storage yard, so as to match the taxi demand of passengers with the supply of taxis perfectly and reduce the waiting time. By learning to fully mine the time-series characteristics of the historical data of taxis flow, the model integrates the Transformer and the LSTM neural network for the short-term prediction of demand of taxis every 15 minutes. Then taking the Shanghai Hongqiao transportation hub as an example, the experiment collected 3months of taxi cross-section traffic data to train the model. The results shows that the trained Transformer-LSTM model has a high accuracy in predicting short-term taxi demand. In order to verify the superiority of the model, the designed model is compared with other prediction models, such as CNN, LSTM. The experimental results show that the comprehensive performance of the Transformer-LSTM model has the highest accuracy. The model can be used to provide a forecast service for passengers' demand for taxis in transportation hubs, and provide a powerful reference for the optimization of taxi dispatching.
Hackathon-based software development: Lessons learned from an internal corporate hackathon
Authors: Christou Georgios
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the qualitative evaluation of the results of a corporate internal hackathon, detailing its design, execution, and results . The article begins by noting the factors motivating the decision to perform an internal hackathon. Then the article describes the way the hackathon was structured to fit the corporate environment, the method followed to attack and solve the problem, as well as the outcome of the project undertaken and the effects on the team that participated in it. The article also examines the reasons behind the team’s attendance to the hackathon, and the intangible rewards that the team members reported.The results of the evaluation are that there is value in using the hackathon method for the development of new solutions, as well as for the integration of those solutions into the corporation’s existing software offerings. Another result of note is that several intangible rewards were expressed by the software developers. Examples of these intangible benefits included personal growth in the context of software development and strengthening of the team bond, thereby helping the team work more efficiently, with better communication amongst its members. Finally, the article proposes a software design and implementation methodology which suits the development done during a hackathon.
Design of Library Management System Based on MVVM Framework and ZXing Scanning Code Technology
Authors: Li Yuqi , Zhang Hongyu , Xu Jinhui
Published: June 2023

The library is an important resource for university learning. Nowadays, the library has gradually become the place where students learn most in universities at home and abroad. Therefore, our team will design an interdisciplinary practice in the library of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The survey found that the libraries of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and other universities achieve self-service management through self-service machines, public numbers, official websites, and other channels, but students generally think that the function is cumbersome and inconvenient to query, so we want to design a book self-service management system to bring the greatest convenience to users. This practice uses literature analysis, questionnaires, interviews, and experiments to deeply understand the pain points of library self-service machines, the design principles of relevant interfaces of libraries at home and abroad, and the needs of users to determine the information construction, interactive experience and technical needs of the system. This project is mainly an interdisciplinary practice of computer science and industrial design. In terms of technology, the system uses Android and MVVM architecture to display the front-end interface, realizes the Android network request through OkHttp and Retrofit, and uses ZXing open-source scanning technology to realize the function of borrowing and returning books on the palm; Go language and Echo Web framework is used for development, and Docker is used to deploying containers. In terms of design, the system combines ergonomics, design psychology, and so on, which not only realizes the basic functions of mobile phones, such as scanning code, borrowing, and returning books, map guide, and searching books but also adds special functions such as lost and found, recording reading time and so on, so as to enhance the user's personalized experience. After the usability test, the interviewees believe that the design can greatly improve the learning efficiency in the library.
Communication of the linguistic awareness of Ecuadorian students, through a web system
Authors: Clery Josué , Posligia Isabel , Cruz Edison , Suntaxi Martha , Palacios Roberto , Molina Susana , Vera Gonzalo , Clery Arturo
Published: June 2023

The idea to defend of the present investigation is the design of a web system, for the learning of Ecuadorian students. What is proposed is to reduce the number of students who have difficulties to read and write, because the teacher is not able to provide attention to all his students, since there are several grades and several students at the same time. This tool, which was designed, is made so that the student knows how to recognize sounds, form sentences and express meanings of words. This contributes in a beneficial way to the teaching-learning process, it will focus on the word generator method created by Paulo Freire, which is used for adult literacy, and is also currently used in many educational institutions in Latin America. The present work is carried out due to the incidence of students, who have problems or difficulties in reading and writing, so this delays their level of learning. The development of a web system for the development of linguistic awareness will allow students to learn through the source word method, making use of an element that today is part of our day to day: technology. This adaptation to Paulo Freire's method allows the same procedure to be carried out from a computer, entering from the web. With this implementation, students will be able to recognize sounds, write words and form sentences correctly. This project is structurally organized. Initially, a theoretical framework will be reviewed, where we will have the relevant concepts of the research topic; then the methodology of the process, which details the type of research of the project; and then a proposal, where we respond by giving a solution to the problem. The interest in making an educational tool for a multigrade institution arises as a professional need to provide easy access to pedagogical tools that help in this teaching process, since there is a large percentage of this type of institution in different countries, especially in Latin America.
Human Factors for Advanced Reactors
Authors: Boring Ronald
Published: June 2023

Existing light water reactors in the U.S. are primarily large baseload electricity generating facilities. The concept of operations for these plants remains largely unchanged since the advent of commercial nuclear power—the main control room serves as the hub of plant activities and is staffed with multiple licensed operators who work in tandem under the shift supervisor, and staff such as field workers support the control room remotely. While newer plants have brought the advent of digital human-machine interfaces to replace earlier analog and mechanical instrumentation and controls, much of the control process remains unchanged and manual. It is simply a newer version of legacy concepts. Advanced reactors potentially bring considerable changes to the size, fuel type, automation, and staffing of nuclear power plants, necessitating a fundamental shift not just from analog to digital, but further from human to automation, from onsite to remote, from control to monitoring, and from many to few operators. Despite this multitude of parallel evolutions in reactor designs, many of the vendors developing the next generation of reactors represent smaller research and development enterprises. It is therefore not feasible to address all aspects of plant design at the same time. In particular, the competing design aspects of new reactors present a significant challenge to the development of robust and human factored systems at the plant. As vendors develop new reactor designs, much of the early focus is naturally on the fuel and reactor system technology. Looming behind these early advances is the daunting prospect of first-of-a-kind control concepts that have not yet been developed or validated. A failure to address the human element of reactor design early will lead to missed opportunities. The quickest development process is the replication of existing concepts of operations at legacy plants, even when such systems were long ago surpassed by better human-machine technologies outside the nuclear industry. Conversely, attempting to undertake novel concepts of operations late in the design life cycle of a plant could result in protracted development efforts and delays in licensing and deployment. This does not have to happen, and it is imperative that human factors be considered now, early in the design of new reactors.
Detection of Unconscious Movements with RGB-D Camera for Objective Ride Comfort Evaluation
Authors: Tatsuno Junya , Otsuka Yushi , Maeda Setsuo
Published: June 2023

The previous studies reported a high correlation between the frequencies of the unconscious movements and participants' subjective ratings. Then, we have tried to develop other techniques that facilitate the digitization of participants' movements. For example, the method using body pressure distribution measurement system, and flex sensors have been reported. As these were instrument contact-constrained methods, this paper developed a measurement system that automatically extracts and classifies unconscious movements in a non-contact and non-constraint manner. In the accuracy evaluation experiment, the participants were asked to drive a driving simulator for 60 minutes and were captured with the developed system and a conventional video camera. As a result, the accuracy was insufficient, and there were two error types. The first error (false positive) was a case in which the program falsely detected the occurrence of a motion even though no unconscious movement occurred. The second one (false negative) was the opposite error, where the result incorrectly indicates the absence of movements when the movement was happening. By applying the proposed countermeasures to reduce these errors, the recognition accuracy of unconscious movements can be improved and applied to the objective evaluation of riding comfort.
Construction of evaluation index system for vehicle occupant's riding posture comfort
Authors: Hu Huimin , Chen Jianglan , Li Wei , Luo Ling , Su Daoqi , Li Yinxia , Niu Wenlei , Hao Anna
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the comfort of the occupant's riding posture on the car seat, research was conducted from the perspective of human body posture in two sitting and semi-recumbent situations. Firstly, key angle indicators that affect the occupant's riding posture comfort were selected, and an evaluation index system of the vehicle occupant's posture comfort was constructed. Secondly, according to the index system, a subjective user experience survey of 30 expert users was completed. Finally, the weight coefficient of the evaluation index system was determined by the G1 method, combining the evaluation results. This index system can provide a reference and basis for the evaluation of the comfort of the car seat posture, and can be used to inform the intelligent adaptability of the vehicle layout and seat posture in the future.
Interaction Design of Closed Dark Cabin Driving Interface based on Situation Awareness
Authors: Gong Xiaodong , Yingxue Yang , Liu Yushun , Gong Qian
Published: June 2023

Purpose: In a closed dark cabin driving environment, the lack of external environmental information leads to a low level of driver situation awareness. At the same time, the design quality of the vehicle terminal interface will directly affect the driver's situation awareness level during driving. Therefore, this study explores the design of the vehicle terminal interface in a closed dark cabin driving environment as an example, to improve the driver's perception of the environmental information outside the cabin and the ease of use of the interface. Methods: Through analyzing the constraints and special features of the dark cabin driving environment and the driver's information perception needs during driving, we explore the key factors affecting the driver's situation awareness and the pain points of interface design in the dark cabin driving environment, and on this basis, we develop a design method for the dark cabin environment driving interface to improve the driver's situation awareness by combining relevant design principles. The design method is based on user performance measurement, SART scale and other methods to extract indicators such as completion time, difference from standard time and situation awareness level of drivers to explore the effectiveness of the design method. Conclusion: Through the experimental findings, it can be proved that the design method will effectively enhance the driver's situation awareness, give full play to the vehicle performance, reduce the driver's workload during driving, and improve the system performance.
Who Will Drive Automated Vehicles? - Usability Context Analysis and Design Guidelines for Future Control Centers for Automated Vehicle Traffic
Authors: Schwindt Sarah , Heller Adrian , Theobald Nina , Abendroth Bettina
Published: June 2023

In order to create framework conditions for the introduction of highly or fully automated vehicles in Germany, the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure has drafted a bill to amend the Road Traffic Act and the Compulsory Insurance Act. A key aspect of the bill on automated driving is the introduction of Technical Supervision. This serves as a fallback level and must be able to intervene from the Control Center if necessary. Since future Control Centers for automated vehicles will differ significantly from existing Control Centers in other contexts, an appropriate distribution of tasks between the Technical Supervision and the automated vehicle on the one hand, and between the personnel within the Control Center on the other hand, must first be found. Therefore, this paper describes the requirements for framework conditions, work contents and processes, the necessary tools and the qualification of the employees of future Control Centers, which were identified on the basis of an analysis of the context of use. Since an analysis of existing systems and the participation of actual Technical Supervisors is not possible due to not yet existing Control Centers for highly or fully automated vehicles, the analysis is based on a systematic literature review and an expert workshop.
Acceptance analysis of value-creating service cooperations and extensions for Mobility-on-Demand solutions
Authors: Kern Mira , Kluge Niklas , Burkard Benjamin , Amorim Marco , Motzer Nicolaj
Published: June 2023

The mobility sector is considered one of the key levers for achieving the climate targets specified in the Paris Agreement and reducing carbon dioxide emissions in cities. To achieve this goal, lower-emission mobility solutions such as public transport, cycling or shared forms of mobility are increasingly strengthened and expanded. Mobility-on-Demand (MOD) offers innovative transport solutions that can compete with the private vehicle in terms of comfort or flexibility. However, this mode of transport faces the following major challenges: the user group is still very small as the service is operating only in specific cities or regions and the operation is quite expensive. Thus, it’s quite difficult for MOD providers to elaborate a sustainable business model. A good way to achieve more profitability is to exploit potential synergies through service collaborations, which at the same time increases popularity. Therefore, this study addresses the research questions of whether and which specific service collaborations significantly increase the acceptance as well as the likelihood to use MOD. To answer the research questions, an online survey in Germany, Switzerland and Austria was conducted. Three different areas of cooperation were tested for acceptance: mobility service providers (e.g., public transit), other service providers (e.g., hotel, restaurant) and retail stores. A total of n=1403 respondents were included in the online survey. Univariate ANOVA with repeated measures and t-tests were used to analyse the potential cooperations. The results show that the cooperation between MOD providers and other business partners is generally accepted as a value creating service extension, and that cooperation with public transport is descriptively the most attractive. Furthermore, cooperations with mobility service providers and other service providers lead to a significantly higher probability of using on-demand shuttles (even among non-users). Therefore, it is hypothesized that these two collaborative opportunities are a suitable means to increase the use and profitability of on-demand shuttles and attract new target groups. It is recommended that those collaborations should be pursued and analysed in future research or pilots.
Cybersecurity Best Practices for Managing Mixed Fleets
Authors: Jin Xiaojian , Griffor Elena
Published: June 2023

This paper provides an overview of the cybersecurity of mixed fleets with vehicles both equipped and not equipped with automated driving systems. The focus is cybersecurity from the perspective of ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle (CMV) fleets that incorporate some level of automated driving capabilities after being manufactured and during their commercial operation. The owners and operators of these fleets are naturally concerned about the threats and vulnerabilities of ADS technologies and the security of their operations. This paper includes sections on cybersecurity best practices, both general and specific. The intended audience includes mixed fleet owners and operators, policymakers, and other stakeholders. This overview is best viewed as a starting point for CMV fleets and other audiences with a general interest in the practical real-world implementation of cybersecurity measures and ADS deployment. It provides general guidelines on cybersecurity and specifics related to cybersecurity for mixed fleets.
Driver Engagement
Authors: Deiana Francesco , Roig Adria , Jackson James , Periago Cristina , Cabuti Ferrer Clara
Published: June 2023

One of the great challenges around the advent of driver assistance systems is to ensure that drivers understand the true capability of technology, such that they can behave accordingly for safe vehicle operation. This understanding can be influenced by a range of factors including vehicle instructions, user interface and warnings, and system control behavior. Validation accounting for these important aspects is therefore central to understanding and comparing safety performance for real world use for overall system design implementations.This paper presents a test methodology specified for implementation on an automotive proving ground facility capturing pre-use information, and driver-vehicle interaction during assisted driving regarding user interface and system control behavior. Data collection was defined around the quantification of driver engagement with the driving task using subjective measures to assess progressive effects of system use and objective metrics considering driver behavior and capability to respond to an emergency scenario.In a pilot assessment, a between-subjects test was conducted using two vehicles with differing assisted driving concepts. A sample of naïve drivers (n=39) was recruited and, following a customer focused description of system functionality, was instructed to drive on a test track in continuous highway driving scenario with longitudinal and lateral driver assistance features active. Subsequently, a critical ‘cut-out’ event was presented requiring a driver response to avoid an in-lane obstacle.Results indicate variability in how drivers interact with the system during ‘normal driving’ with subjective measures demonstrating differences in metrics associated with engagement. Likewise, objective measures for driver reaction to the critical event signify differing levels of driver vigilance associated with perceived functionality of individual systems.Outcomes from this experimental test mark a step in the development of test methods for global assistance system assessment and provide a platform for further progression and refinement of tests. This has implications system design verification with highly replicability whilst accounting for use by representative drivers, alongside possible applications in consumer and regulatory testing with representative drivers.
Converting Driving Time to Leisure: Subjective Evaluation of Innovative Seating Positions
Authors: Pelzer Julia , Hötter Matthis , Bertram Bonerz Claus , Böddeker Torben , Eckstein Lutz , Ladwig Stefan
Published: June 2023

One of the current challenges of the automotive industry is the launch of automated vehicles. At SAE Level 4 (SAE J3016, 2021), the automation performs the entire driving task, including monitoring the environment on predefined ODDs. Thereby, the driver becomes a passenger who can use the driving time to pursue non-driving-related activities (NDRAs). While previous research gives insights into the anticipated needs of future users regarding the performance of activities (Gold et al. 2015; Pfleging et al., 2016), there is still a lack of research in terms of future vehicle interiors to enable high comfortability while performing these activities. Next to various design aspects, human factors play an important role: Which seating positions are acceptable while carrying out NDRAs? Are seating positions and constructs such as trust or perceived safety correlated? Since the thematic breadth of these questions requires a systematic approach, we conducted a literature review and interviews in preparation of the actual participant study. Based on literature, we selected work and leisure trips as relevant scenarios for the subsequent qualitative interviews. Here, n = 30 people were asked which NDRAs they would like to carry out during those trips. Based on the results, we defined two scenarios for the participant study in a highly dynamic driving simulator: “Relaxing” on the way to work and “Chatting” during a leisure trip. A total of n = 36 participants experienced different relaxing positions or seating rotations and evaluated the subjective comfort, perceived safety, suitability and trust in automation. The results point to a conflict of objectives between the perceived safety and the utility of seating positions for performing NDRAs. Following, in order to enable future passengers to use the full potential of Highly Automated Vehicles interior configurations this large field of research touched by this study needs further exploration and elaboration.
Effects of Napping on Pilot Performance: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hanakova Lenka , Valenta Viktor , Řezníček Aleš , Matyas Roman , Socha Vladimir
Published: June 2023

Several strategies can be employed to combat a sudden onset of fatigue. Napping is widely used as one of these strategies. Commercial airlines allow one pilot on flight deck duty to avail of a short rest period in the pilot seat while the other pilot is responsible for the aircraft control – this technique is called controlled rest. Controlled rest is considered a tool to enhance flight safety; this is based on the premise that reducing fatigue leads to an improved pilot condition in the context of cognitive and motor functions. However, this assumption has not been explored on an experimental level and is not supported by objective data. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of control rest on pilot performance. Ten pilots participated in the study. The experiment consisted of four experimental flights in a simulator. Two flights were flown on the first night of the experiment without a controlled rest period and several days later another two night flights were flown with a controlled rest period. Deviations from the instrument landing system guidance during the final approach phase were evaluated in terms of precision and accuracy. The analysis of flight data revealed an improvement in horizontal path tracking for flight with controlled rest; this is further supported by the evaluation of excessive deviations in 3D space. On the other hand, significant performance degradation is observed in the vertical plane for flights with controlled rest.
Predicting Presence using Environment-Activated Motion in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Dilanchian Andrew , Prevratil Michael
Published: June 2023

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) has shown promise in being an effective method for a variety of interventions across a multitude of disciplines. Indeed, IVR allows researchers to place participants in realistic three-dimensional environments with a level of control that may not have been feasible in physical environments. Additionally, IVR elicits a higher sense of presence than computer-based interventions. Evidence suggests that presence, defined as the “sense of being there”, is a key factor in the success of these interventions. The relationship between presence and hardware and software factors have been extensively investigated. Behavioral factors have comparatively received little attention. While these system factors are important to investigate, behavioral differences across users may preclude them from engaging in meaningful IVR interventions, regardless of the hardware and software solutions applied. Therefore, this study investigated how an individual’s interaction with the virtual experience may influence their sense of presence. More specifically, we wanted to probe the relationship between environment-activated motion (EAM) and presence in IVR. EVM can be described as any motion within the experience initiated by the user or the environment. This is activated by user-activated motion (i.e., a user looks around) or environment-activated motion (i.e., a virtual dog moves within view). 80 younger adults (22 male, 1 non-binary) completed a 10-minute IVR experience in Vesper Peak using the HTC Vive IVR system. The experience consisted of playing with a virtual robot dog (ex., petting and playing fetch) and teleporting to different areas of the mountain. The session was screen captured using OBS. EVM data were collected by analyzing the videos via OpenCV’s implementation of Dense Optical Flow (DOF). Presence was collected via the IGroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ, Cronbach’s ⍺ = 0.87). Five data were removed due to corruption, resulting in a final sample size of 75. A regression was conducted with EVM as the predictor and presence as the predictand. The overall model was non-significant (R2 = 0.04, RSE = 5.87, F(1,73) = 12.61, p = 0.054). These results suggest that environment-activated motion may not play a significant role in presence during IVR experiences. Future IVR-based interventions may not have to control for environment-activated motion and can focus more on user interaction and environment design. Further research is needed to look into how environment-activated motion and user-activated motion separately may affect presence in different ways.
Impacts and Indicators of Regional Innovation Ecosystems Supporting Sustainable Development
Authors: Takala Minna , Tukiainen Taina , Salminen Vesa , Sarkkinen Jyri
Published: June 2023

Ecosystems are recognized to play an increasingly important role in the implementation of EU innovation policies. Assessing and measuring the impacts of regional innovation ecosystems is elementary for development. A framework for analysis requires versatile data and ecosystem specific reviews. Since 2014, European Union has recommended European regions to enhance their innovation development activities based on Smart Specialisation. Smart Specialisation is a place-based approach characterised by the identification of strategic areas based both on regional strengths and potential of the economy. It aims to enhance prosperity of European regions by accelerating research, development and innovation activities as well as supporting Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) with wide stakeholder involvement.EU’s Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2021 assesses the innovation performance of European regions on a limited number of indicators. The last edition of the scoreboard shows that innovation performance has increased for 225 regions out of the total of 240 regions over the period since 2014. The most innovative regions are typically in the most innovative countries. However, in Finland the indicators and level analysis are conducted at large area level, and it does not extend to regions. This creates challenges for both development and monitoring practices for regional innovation strategies. The challenge remains on how to enhance, measure, and assess innovation ecosystem development practices at regional level especially in the institutionally thin regions with relatively low RDI and EDP performance with moderate innovation capabilities. ESPON has studied Entrepreneurial Governance practices to support RDI activities especially related to societal innovation themes - climate, energy, food, health, security, and transportation. In these development themes also lagging regions can create enabling conditions for testing new innovative products and services. The paper shares early results of on-going Häme Goes into Ecosystems HGiE –project which aims to enhance sustainable innovation ecosystem development. The paper introduces a framework for measurement and assessment, with selected indicators, and desired impacts of a regional innovation ecosystem. Häme Portfolio management tool is used to support open innovation practices providing an opportunity to measure and evaluate on-going activities
Spiral Innovation Automation and Team Cohesion
Authors: Salminen Vesa , Pyykkönen Matti , Salminen Carita
Published: June 2023

The complexity of new innovation is dramatically increasing, and speed requirements of innovation phase are growing. New technology enables innovation opportunities in business environment. Speed requirements for innovation phase are growing. Knowledge and data is a valuable currency in the innovation phase and there is need for fast spiral innovation process. The role of human- oriented factors and understanding of human-technology interfaces is essential. Behavior culture of development teams requires better cohesion to manage self-organizing teamwork. The goal of this article is to identify and analyze team cohesion during spiral innovation automation, when innovation is made by a team of individual experts from various international and cultural backgrounds and with specialized competences. The article introduces an evolution framework for knowledge management in spiral innovation automation.From the many results and experiences gathered during this research, it appears that spiral innovation automation according to value driven approach with successful team cohesion is a long journey but will provide solutions for complex problems and situations.
AI Readiness Assessment for Data-driven Public Service Projects: Change Management and Human Elements of Procurement
Authors: Dreyling Iii Richard , Erlenheim Regina , Tammet Tanel , Pappel Ingrid
Published: June 2023

As technology moves forward at a breakneck pace, governments are attempting to adopt technologies in their services that are complex and have unknown ramifications, like artificial intelligence (AI). Academic research and literature regarding change management and digital transformation discusses the necessity to have agreement within an organization on the technology project that the organization is considering adopting. One method of ensuring agreement within the socio-technical system is to conduct the appropriate planning prior to procurement. This also helps to avoid starting a project without having the required technological or human capabilities within the organization. Although the motives of private and public sector organizations are different when initiating projects, the human element of data-driven projects is still key to success. With the use of AI maturity models, feasibility studies and readiness assessment methods during the planning phase, public sector organizations exploring deployment of AI solutions in their public services could be able to avoid major pitfalls of projects that do not succeed. This paper’s contribution in to investigate and analyze existing methods of feasibility studies and readiness assessments through literature and document review to see how they may be applied to evaluating AI-related projects within the context of public service delivery. With the proper AI feasibility study and readiness assessment methods in place during the planning phase, public sector organizations exploring deployment of AI solutions in their public services will be able to avoid major pitfalls of piloting projects that do not succeed. This paper’s contribution in to investigate and analyze existing methods of feasibility studies and readiness assessments through academic literature and professional document review to see how they may be applied to evaluating AI-related projects within the context of public service delivery.
Unbundling Training towards Just-in-Time Learning and Re-bundling to Discover Knowledge
Authors: Tian Oliver , Salminen Vesa , Lee Shanlynn
Published: June 2023

Nowadays business environment has become increasingly complex with which individuals and organizations must deal with. Competencies behind environmental changes or emerging technologies are essential to manage when facing customer expectations and new challenges to solve.Learning new competencies need to deliver real change. Learning Just-in-Case models are no longer the correct recipe. There is an unquestionable distinction between learning and performance objectives. Employees must be able to easily access an answer or a short piece of learning content while working to supplement the role of action and reflection. What are the ingredients and recipe to transfer to all appropriate (and no inappropriate) information to the learner, and, ultimately, deliver real business impact? Let’s make learning FUN and help learners to re-bundle nutritious learning contents to discover relevant and timely knowledge for a fulfilling work to be done.The goal of this article is to identify and analyse the way learning is adopted by the individual learner or learner’s group and how unbundling learning packages are influencing on learning behaviours and learning experiences. This article analyses shortfalls and shifts in learning expectations regarding current learning and how unbundling training packages can be designed and delivered to the learners. It observes drivers and human factors leading to an efficient learning environment. A generic perception of this analysis work is that training is oriented and executed towards Just-in-Time learning. This poses a great challenge to the formation of new learning packages and adoption of new knowledge and skills.This research is partly constructive, conceptual and analytical, because it introduces the concept of Just-in-Time learning and challenges when executing learning packages accordingly. Data and knowledge for this concept creation has been collected over some years on continuous flow from literature studies and by analyzing real implementation cases of training.This presentation will discuss some shortfalls regarding Just-in-Case learning in the current era, and how unbundling training packages can be designed and delivered to the learners. It will also discuss the various issues leading to the shift in learning expectations over the recent years. More importantly, it attempts to understand the drivers and human factors which build up an efficient learning environment. a generic perception of this analysis work is that training is oriented and executed at least partially towards Just-in-Time learning. This poses a great challenge to the formation of new learning packages and adoption of new knowledge and skills.
The application of brand Narrative Theory to brand building in Creative cities: A case study of Nanjing
Authors: Yang Xu , Sun Xin , Xie Dandan
Published: June 2023

From the perspective of brand narrative theory, this study takes the city brand of Nanjing as an example to conduct a survey of online information, comprehensive use of big data collection, social network analysis and other methods to explore the internal characteristics of the brand of Nanjing City of Literature, build a visual knowledge map of big data, and clarify the overall narrative characteristics of the brand building achievements of Nanjing City of Literature at current period. In order to summarize and analyze the direction of the brand narrative strategy of Nanjing City of Literature, and finally put forward the strategy of applying narrative strategy to the construction of local city cultural brand, which provides a reference for basic research and decision-making basis for relevant policy formulation and research.
Macroergonomic Analysis of Structure (MAS) of community association of the city of Florianópolis
Authors: Vinícios Schmidt Salvador Marcos , Anthero Nunes Vianna Dos Santos Flávio , Moura Nickel Elton
Published: June 2023

This article aims to make a macroergonomic analysis of a residents association. An analysis was made of the macroergonomic structure (MAS) of an organization belonging to a small residential neighborhood in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The items that were analyzed are: the technological subsystem, the personnel subsystem and the external environment. A proposal for an ideal work structure system for this type of organization was created and compared with the diagnosed work structure that was in operation. From the comparative difference of the structural dimensions, guidelines were generated for a better structure of the work system. The guidelines are: the creation of intermediate positions, the creation of more working groups, greater autonomy over the decisions of members and directors and more solid organizational goals in the long term.