bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of machines for mulching near-trunk strips in perennial fruit plantations
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Titova L L , Voinash S A , Sivak I M , Malyukov S V , Aksenov A A
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies to improve the productivity and quality of mulch substrate application in the stem bands of perennial orchards. The authors proposed a model of an effective means of mechanization and substantiated the optimal parameters of its operation when performing this operation. In the article the authors presented the results of experimental studies to determine: the productivity of feed and transverse conveyors, geometric parameters of the latter, the distance of laying mulch in the roll depending on the height of its placement above the soil surface and the speed of rotation of the drive drum component mechanisms. The authors proved that to prevent the undesirable excessive accumulation of substrate in the receiving hopper of the machine, the productivity of the feed conveyor should not exceed 5 m3/min. The article establishes that the required application rate is provided by the selection of the optimal operating speed of the unit and the productivity of the feed conveyor and can be 0.03-0.25 m3/m2, and changing the same parameters allows depending on the needs to change the height of the roll within 0.05–0.15 m.
The Ecological State of the Sosna River and Realization of the Regional Policy in the Area of Substantial Natural Resources Exploitation
Authors: Kondrashova I N , Tikhii V I , Kondykova N N , Zakharov N E
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on the research and analysis of the ecological state of the Sosna River on the Orel region territory. The article provides a description of the Sosna which is a tributary of the Don River, as natural resources exploitation object, its ecological and hydrologic peculiarities are being described. The main anthropogenic sources, exerting an impact on the ecological state of the river are being studied. The ramifications of the Sosna water pollution by industrial and agricultural enterprises as well as by the local population are being analyzed. Measures for protection and enhancement of the Sosna waters ecological state are being proposed along with those suggested within a framework of the regional ecological policy implementation.
Formation of factors for the selection of criteria for environmental friendliness of organic products based on the implementation of an integrated eco-strategy
Authors: Putivskaya T B , Voloshchuk L A , Tkachev S I , Podsevatkina E A
Published: April 2021

In this article, we will reveal the opportunities, needs and features of the implementation of environmental strategies in order to motivate the environmental activities of commodity producers in the field of agricultural production. The problem of preserving the environment and ensuring food security in the existing ecological and economic conditions can be solved by achieving optimal environmental management and environmental protection. Improving the relationship between the environment and the economy requires the use of various regulatory tools. The vector of institutionalization of ecological and economic interests should be aimed at correcting certain mandatory actions between the participants of these relations. This includes the active development of approaches that include the integration and combination of information, legal, administrative, economic, moral and ethical tools for regulating nature management and environmental protection. The achievement of the ecological and economic optimum is possible through the analysis of the expected effect and the free conclusion of agreements (contracts) between the subjects of ecological and economic relations and the development of the institute of voluntary environmental agreements using the tools of game theory. The effectiveness of the implementation of integrated eco-strategies can be most clearly expressed in the agricultural sector as the need to produce high-quality agricultural products while maintaining the quality of the environment, especially soil fertility. The trend of consumer choice of organic products in the world continues, grows, determines the growth of the organic products segment and correlates with the goals of environmental policy. In Russia, some of the identified shortcomings and shortcomings of the institutional conditions constrain the growth rate of organic production, but the high potential of its production in the future can significantly change the export orientation of the agricultural sector, increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products and become one of the promising directions (vectors) of ecological and economic development of Russia. Organic organic standards is essential for the formation and improvement of institutional conditions of realization of ecostrategy, the main actors (players) which is the complex nature of national and ecostrategy explains the interest and willingness of participants to implement environmental-economic optimization of the activities of organic producers. Depending on the existing norms, rules and standards, the choice of actions of participants in voluntary environmental agreements is associated with individual expectations of maintaining high-quality environmental and economic benefits.
The influence of the wind regime on the methanol concentration change in the atmospheric air of the city residential area
Authors: Kulakova E S , Safarov A M , Kantor E A , Safarov M A , Malkova M A
Published: April 2021

The influence of the wind regime on the methanol concentration in the city residential area, which is released into the atmosphere as a result of the petrochemical enterprise, is analyzed. The initial data are the data obtained by the automatic atmospheric air control station (AAACS). There are the time series of the methanol concentration changes, the speed and angle of the wind direction for 3 years. The analysis of methanol concentration changes in the air of a settlement depending on the wind regime was carried out. It was revealed that the quality of atmospheric air in the residential area deteriorates with the north, east and south-west wind directions. Three-dimensional diagrams were built. They display the change in the methanol concentration in the atmospheric air depending on two parameters: wind direction and speed. It was found that at a wind speed of 1-2 m /s increase the air methanol concentration in the zone of population compact residence. The ways of methanol intake into the atmospheric air at dangerous wind directions have been determined. It has been established that an increase of the atmospheric air methanol concentration is due to the following reasons: the emission of a polluted gas mixture by a petrochemical enterprise, mechanical turbulence due to the high roughness of the underlying surface, the accumulation of pollutants over a reduced pressure area, in particular, over water bodies.
Software Tools for Assessing the Environmental Safety of City Filling Stations
Authors: Kuripta O V , Vorob’eva Yu A , Garmonov K V , Lavlinskaya O Yu , Lemeshkin A V
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of the development of software tools for controlling and monitoring the impact of urban filling stations in urban development, which allows an interactive assessment of the environmental safety of existing or newly built city filling stations and a list of measures to reduce their negative impact on the environment. The software toolkit is designed in the MVC style, supports its own data storage format and is implemented using the Microsoft Visual Studio programming system using WPF and .NETCore technologies, in the C # language. When working with software tools, the user is provided with the following functionalities: filling out the petrol station questionnaire (number, name, address and date of the initial assessment of a particular petrol station), saving and loading a session on working with the assessment of a particular petrol station, assessment, calculation and cyclical improvement of the indicator of the environmental assessment of petrol stations (the choice of measures, depending on the obtained primary indicator of environmental safety), until the maximum possible class of environmental safety of a particular filling station is achieved and reporting on the resulting assessment.
Efficiency of sorption of metals from electronic waste by microscopic algae
Authors: Chugainova A A
Published: April 2021

The extraction of metals from e-waste is currently not well understood. In this regard, a promising method for the extraction of metals was chosen, namely the biotechnological method. E-waste includes various categories of waste. This complicates the search and development of a universal method for disposing of electronic waste. In this regard, one category of e-waste was selected, namely mobile phone screens. The article presents the results of experimental studies on assessing the efficiency of metal sorption from mobile phone screens by microscopic algae at various parameters of biosorption.
Assessment of the environmental impact of anti-icing materials on plant bioindicators
Authors: Syutova E A , Dzhigola L A
Published: April 2021

The article examines the physicochemical effect of anti-icing materials, such as sodium and calcium chlorides, XNKM (Russia) and created on the basis of mineral raw materials of the Astrakhan region (AR), on the state of plant bioindicators. The effect of salts contained in various brands of anti-icing materials on the quantitative content of photosynthetic pigments in test objects - tomato and sunflower - was studied. The choice of test objects is determined by the geographic location of the Astrakhan region and natural and climatic factors. The elemental composition of mineral raw materials was studied by X-ray spectral-fluorescent elemental analysis. Analysis of the elemental composition of AR opoka and AR marl makes it possible to exclude the fact that the main content is made up of oxides of aluminum, silicon and calcium, which makes it possible to predict the effective use of the opoka and marl as components of antidepressants. - ironing materials. The studies carried out and the analysis of the results obtained indicate that when using sodium salts and XNKM, there is a sharp decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. It was found that when introducing natural mineral raw materials from the Astrakhan region as an anti-icing material: sand, opoka AR and marl AR, the negative impact on the content of photosynthetic pigments is minimal. During the study, it was shown that the content of calcium ions in the biomass of leaves also varies widely; when calcium salts are added, it naturally increases due to the cumulative effect, but since the mineral raw materials of opoka and marl can exhibit adsorptive activity towards cations, the content of calcium ions decreases. Extensive research shows that the most commonly used anti-icing agents reduce the amount of photoynthetic pigments and calcium in plants.
Outlier Detection of the Agricultural Time Series
Authors: Vorotnikov I , Rozanov A , Sidelnikova M , Tkachev S , Volochuk L
Published: April 2021

To increase the reliability of the results of processing the data of automated monitoring of the dynamics of time series in the agricultural field of activity, it is necessary to assess the probability distribution of the data flow. It is shown that, if the distribution deviates from the normal one, adaptive and robust procedures for identifying and correcting random outliers should be applied.
Potentially dangerous to human pathogenic thermophilic microorganisms of fish in recirculation aquaculture systems
Authors: Smorodinskaya S V , Bugaev O G , Gorbunov A V , Zhavnerov A N
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the pathogenic threat to humans thermophilic microorganisms encountered in recirculation aquaculture systems for growing fish. This article discusses such genera as — Escherichia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and some of their subspecies, the most characteristic and representing the greatest distribution and danger to humans, including golden and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA (S. aureus and MRSA), hydrophilic aeromanad (A. hydrophilia), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cholerogenic (V. cholerae) and non-cholerogenic (V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and others) vibrions. Their pathogenic mechanism, the diseases they cause in humans, their danger and resistance to environmental conditions, as well as their sensitivity to antimicrobials and antibiotics also considered. In addition, the topic of preventing them from entering the ultrasound system and possible preventive measures discussed.
Influence of air temperature on warming up the engine of automotive vehicles
Authors: Shukhanov S N , Kuzmin A V , Polyakov G N , Sukhaeva A R , Kovalivnich V D
Published: April 2021

The air temperature has a significant effect on the warming up of the engine of automotive vehicles. To study this process, comparative experiments on the functioning of tractors in different operating modes were carried out. The value of the coolant temperature was taken as a parameter characterizing engine warm-up. In our studies, the heating of the coolant was considered complete when the temperature at the outlet of the tractor blockhead reached 85 degrees Celsius. The ambient temperature varied from plus 20 to minus 30 degrees. The effect of the load modes of its operation was taken into account on the duration of the tractor engine warming up. The results obtained show that the warm-up of the tractor engine at idle speed has a protracted nature and does not always have a positive result. The process can be intensified by operating the tractor engine under load and using an insulating cover. This reduces the duration of the warm-up process and significantly reduces the unproductive downtime of the tractor.
Study of biogas as an alternative energy produced in landfills
Authors: Gaibor L
Published: April 2021

This article estimates the energy power, as well as the net energy produced from biogas from landfills as a form of alternative energy production, and can be calculated as a theoretical form in cities where it is planned to build or there is already a landfill.
Physical and mathematical Model of Emergency Situations When Handling Fuel Oil at the Fuel Enterprise in Murmansk
Authors: Minchenok E E , Zhuravleva N G , Pankratova M E , Milyakova L V , Trotsenko A A
Published: April 2021

The article presents the physical and mathematical model of emergencies at the fuel oil handling enterprise in the city of Murmansk. The technological equipment and the results of risk calculations during transportation, pumping, and storage of fuel in case of complete and partial depressurization of tanks are described. Risks with a potential of human losses in the most difficult emergencies, the possible radius of damage are shown. Solutions for the optimization of industrial safety are presented. Technical solutions for ensuring industrial safety allow us to conclude that the impact areas of the damaging factors of hypothetical accidents will not go beyond the health protection zone and will not affect nearby settlements.
Improving the reliability of power supply to agricultural areas of the Irkutsk region
Authors: Kudryashev G S , Tretyakov A N , Shpak O N
Published: April 2021

The presented study describes the mechanisms for providing electricity to rural areas, namely, various agricultural buildings that ensure the functioning and development of agriculture. At the same time, the requirements for ensuring reliable and uninterrupted power supply to rural areas are increasing every year, which requires the industry to apply new models for optimizing the operating modes of power equipment. The paper presents new approaches to the development of optimal modes of electricity use in rural distribution networks.
Analysis of a computer model of a power supply system for agricultural consumers in a single-phase ground fault mode
Authors: Belov S I , Tsedyakov A A , Galkin M M
Published: April 2021

On the basis of the constructed computer model, the process of a single-phase earth fault in the power supply system of agricultural consumers with a dead-grounded neutral was studied. As a result of the analysis of the model of the power supply system in the single-phase short circuit mode, the phenomenon of a sharp-pointed voltage pulse of negative polarity, arising at the moment of protection operation, was revealed, which negatively affects the electrical equipment of agricultural consumers.
Using the directed search method to select the degree of centralization of heat supply schemes in order to ensure the environmental sustainability of a settlement
Authors: Yakovlev A V , Nikiforov A G , Kuchumov A V , Terentyev S E
Published: April 2021

An algorithm is proposed for the formalized choice of the degree of centralization of the heat supply scheme in order to ensure the environmental sustainability of the settlement. The algorithm is based on a directed search for combinations of centralization and decentralization of the scheme, with the construction of networks of optimal topology for each of the compared options. The calculation begins with a variant of a decentralized heat supply scheme (maximum number of sources), followed by a reduction in heat supply sources by one at each iteration, up to full centralization to achieve ecological balance in the settlement. Taking into account the directed search proposed in the algorithm and excluding non-optimal combinations at each iteration, the number of calculations is significantly reduced compared to a simple enumeration of options. In addition to practical application, the algorithm allows you to study the “heat load density” indicator, which affects the decision on the degree of centralization of the heat supply scheme, and at the same time take into account the uneven distribution of consumers on the ground, their number, the heterogeneity of heat loads and achieving a balance in the environment.
Method for selecting a source of energy supply in agriculture according to the energy-ecological criterion
Authors: Erk A F , Timofeev E V
Published: April 2021

The choice of a source of electric heat supply in distributed systems is largely determined by the availability or the possibility of delivery of primary fuel and energy resources and economic calculations. Recently, however, more and more attention is paid to environmental protection issues. The aim of the research is to substantiate the methodology for choosing sources of energy supply to agricultural consumers in distributed energy systems. For a comprehensive assessment of the environmental friendliness of energy production, we have proposed an energy environmental friendliness factor. The coefficient simultaneously characterizes the cost of energy production and the amount of generated environmental pollutants. This value turned out to be convenient for comparing a number of production technologies.
Transformation features of the main physicochemical and physical parameters of oil-contaminated alluvial soils in humid soil formation environment (Western Siberia)
Authors: Nosova M V , Seredina V P , Fedorchuk Yu M
Published: April 2021

This paper considers the results of the study of morphological and physicochemical parameters of floodplain ecosystem alluvial soils of Western Siberia, and reveals the features and their typical changes in different soil-contamination zones (the impact zone is the epicenter). Physicochemical parameters and morphological features of industrially contaminated soils are compared with reference analogs.
Effect of adsorption processes on oil-containing water purification by flocculation method
Authors: Shakirova V V , Dzhigola L A , Sadomtseva O S
Published: April 2021

The results of the study of the processes of adsorption of cationic flocculants of the “Praestol” brand on sorbents obtained by non-chemical processing of clays of the Astrakhan region, the Volga deposit are presented. The adsorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin were used to describe experimental adsorption isotherms. The parameters of the intensity and efficiency of the sorption process are calculated. A comparative analysis of the obtained constants corresponding to these models is carried out and the most preferred model is determined, taking into account the coefficient of determination. It is established that the Freundlich model is most preferable for adsorption in the cationic flocculant – clay system, which allows us to confidently assume that the surface of the natural materials under consideration contains a large number of energetically heterogeneous active centers and is heterogeneous. The results of the analysis of the adsorption of flocculants on clays showed that this process improves flocculation. The bigger value of parameter of intensity of n from Friendlich’s equation for Praestol 853BC flocculant, confirms a greater influence of sorption on flocculating effect that it is connected with formation of the strong high-viscosity sewed structures on a surface of a firm phase. Experiments on the purification of water from oil by test flocculation were also delivered and the degree of purification efficiency was calculated.
Assessment of the environmental risks in the development of fossil fuels deposits in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bykovskaia E A , Maiurova A S , Kustikova M A , Timofeeva I V , Tyurikova E P
Published: April 2021

In this paper the concept of environmental risk was investigated. The analysis of the field reconstruction stages and possible environmental risks at each of them was carried out. Risks are described according to the likelihood of their occurrence. Recommendations to reduce the likelihood of environmental risks and reduce their negative impact on the environment have been developed.
International environmental challenges of solar energy production as an integral part of modern green energy
Authors: Makhonko N I , Plotnikova Yu A , Sorokina Yu V , Tarasova E A , Yashina E V
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the production of solar energy as one of the most environmentally sound types of modern energy. The authors investigate the state and prospects for the development of solar energy in individual European countries (Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Poland), taking into account measures to ensure the reduction of anthropogenic impact on the environment at the national and international levels. The paper analyzes the main aspects of the influence of this type of energy on improving the quality of the environment in scientific research, development and implementation of the latest technologies in the field of renewable and alternative energy sources. Based on the study of foreign experience of state support for the use of solar energy, the team of authors formulated practical proposals for improving the mechanism of environmental protection in the field of energy.
Main Trends in Morphological Properties of Alluvial Soils under Conditions of Local Pollution with Oil Emulsions (Western Siberia)
Authors: Nosova M V , Seredina V P , Rybin Alexander Sergeevich
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses materials of studying the morphological properties of alluvial soils in the floodplain ecosystems of Western Siberia. It reveals the peculiarities and main regularities of their changes in different pollution zones (the Contamination source being an impact zone). The state of the morphological peculiarities of technogenically polluted soils is compared with background analogs. The article describes the technogenic signs in the upper horizons of chemical-contaminated soils at different levels of oil hydrocarbon (OHC) pollution. There have been identified correlations between the content of total oil hydrocarbons (OHC) in horizon AY v, x and its color parameters measured in the Munsell system.
Assessment of the level of localization of production of equipment for renewable energy
Authors: Gibadullin Arthur
Published: April 2021

The location of production in the regions where these resources are consumed is a relevant and necessary trend for modern states, in this regard, the study is devoted to assessing the level of localization of production of equipment for renewable energy. It was presented in the work that in the coming years in Russia it is planned to increase the volume of generating capacities operating on the basis of renewable resources. In order to achieve this goal, the potential of renewable energy was analyzed in the work, as a result of which it was revealed that Russia has the necessary potential of renewable resources that can be used to generate electric energy. The work evaluated the level of localization of production, which indicates a sufficiently high domestic production of equipment for renewable energy and the planned growth of component production in Russia. At the end of the study, mechanisms are presented to further increase the level of localization of production of equipment for renewable energy.
Prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in the world energy
Authors: Flaksman A S , Mozgovoy A I , Lopatkin D S , Dikikh V A , Shamsov I S , Romanova Ju A , Morkovkin D E , Bovtrikova E V
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in the world energy. For this purpose, the article analyzes the modern generation structure in the developed EU countries. Based on this analysis, it was revealed that the share of renewable energy sources together with hydroelectric power plants is comparable to traditional sources of generation. In addition, the study outlines a trend in the development of the world energy sector, which is characterized by an increase in the use of alternative energy sources and a decrease in the use of hydrocarbon fuels. The paper considers the advantages of the development of alternative energy sources and the difficulties associated with their implementation.
Orientation dependence of transformation induced plasticity in high carbon bainitic steel
Authors: Ueji R , Kimura Y , Ushioda K , Ohmura T , Inoue T , Shibata A
Published: April 2021

The crystallographic orientation dependence of the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) in the high carbon bainitic steel was studied. 0.6% C-2.0% Si-1% Cr steels were austenitized at two conditions to obtain different size of prior-austenite grains. Subsequently, they were austempered to evolve the bainitic structure composed mainly of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite. The characteristic of this sample is that it has much larger amount of carbon content compared with that of the conventional low alloyed TRIP steels. The bainitic steels with different sizes of mean prior-austenite grain show high strength with large ductility. The measurement of electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) of the samples both before and after the tensile test clarified that much of the retained austenite transformed to ferrite while the austenite grains having the tensile orientation nearly parallel to <111> kept remaining after the fracture. This change indicates that the retained austenite with its tensile axis parallel near to <001> is preferential for the deformation-induced martensitic transformation. This behavior was found in the samples with different prior-austenite grain sizes.
Stereological analysis of triple line orientations
Authors: Schuessler B J , Field D P
Published: April 2021

Determining underlying interface geometries in polycrystalline materials is a daunting task and one that is an ongoing field of materials research. This work utilizes a method of determining structural anisotropy through stereological methods. The orientations of simulated triple-lines were characterized by analysing intersections of the triple-lines on randomly orientated planar sections in a given volume. Using randomly oriented sections, the triple-line orientation distribution, Lv(φ,θ), can be estimated. After approximately 10-100 sections, the true triple-line orientations can be determined with reasonable accuracy. The stereological method proposed is being used to show how it may be useful to the characterization of triple junction character in a real material system. The efficacy of the method was discussed along with considerations to reducing the overall variance in the distributions as well as applying the stereological procedures to real polycrystalline triple junction networks.
Using synchrotron radiation XRD technique to investigate active slip systems during tensile deformation in pure magnesium
Authors: Hirata Masahiro , Okai Daisuke , Adachi Hiroki
Published: April 2021

Active slip systems in pure magnesium specimens with different grain sizes were investigated by the in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique during tensile testing. From the XRD measurement results, the inhomogeneous strain anisotropy formed by dislocations was obtained. Inhomogeneous strain anisotropy differs in each slip system because hexagonal close-packed metals such as magnesium have anisotropic elasticity. In this study, the dislocation amounts belonging to each active slip system were evaluated utilizing this difference. Coarse-grained specimens had isotropic inhomogeneous strain corresponding to basal slip. Fine-grained specimens showed high elongation and had anisotropic inhomogeneous strain. It is considered that the improvement in ductility occurred by non-basal slip activation near grain boundaries, which increased with grain refinement. Similarly, the ratio of non-basal slip evaluated from the crystal rotation axis increased in the fine-grained specimens.
Features of TRIP steel deformation at low and moderate temperatures
Authors: Frolova A V , Stolyarov V V , Tilak Kumar J V , Sudha J
Published: April 2021

The TRIP effect and tensile behaviour of a TRIP steel were studied at temperatures ranging from -120 to 200°C. The initial microstructure comprises of austenite and martensite (50:50). Excellent combination of UTS (∼2395 MPa) and elongation (28 %) was observed at -100°C and is attributed to the TRIP effect, that found absent above 100°C and below -120°C. Transformation temperatures were studied by DSC and DMA. Analysis of the tensile behaviour, phase changes and fracture surface suggest possible changes in the deformation mechanisms at different temperatures.
Effect of the sol temperature on the structure and thickness of the SiO2 coating of carbon fibers
Authors: Galyshev S N , Gomzin A I , Zaripov N G
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with the development of carbon fiber coatings that act as diffusion barrier, and the role of the weak boundaries in the metal matrix composites. The developed coating will be a cost effective alternative to CVD-coatings. The paper considers the temperature dependence of the structure of SiO2-sol and the coating thickness on the surface of the carbon fibers formed by sol-gel method. Detected sol temperature range optimum for coating. Possible reasons for the observed phenomena are proposed.
Biomimetic design of fibrous composite structures
Authors: Polilov A N , Tatus’ N A
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the use of Nature’s methods in the design of composite structures, in particular, with the use of optimal curvilinear paths for laying fibers. In the first part models of different structural levels in macro-, mini-, micro-mechanics of composites are noted. The second part includes analysis of the optimal elastic-strength properties of wood and composites for crack stopping by weak interfaces. The third part is devoted to methods for modeling curvilinear fibers trajectories “flowing around the holes”. In the fourth part the technologies for manufacturing joints are analyzed in which holes are formed using curved fiber trajectories. The fifth part describes the “bio-inspired” principles for the optimal design of composite pipe structures which are similar to multilink bamboo stems. In the sixth part examples of the effective use of fiber composites in elastic elements are considered. The seventh part is devoted to the intensively developing additive technologies of three-dimensional printing of parts made from fiber composites with laying the fibers along the calculated trajectories. The role of composite technologies in creating structures in open space is analyzed.
Analysis of the algorithm for determining the meshing forces in a spline coupling with misalignment
Authors: Nikolaev I V , Leontiev M K
Published: April 2021

In modern engine buildings spline couplings have an important role. These connections can have a serious impact on the dynamic of the system, especially in misalignment conditions. Therefore, assessment its influence on the system is an important task. In this paper the algorithm for determining meshing forces in spline couplings and the influence of various parameters of connections on the meshing forces are analysed. Also the possibilities of further development this algorithm are considered.
Investigation of the contact fatigue strength of high quality carburised steel
Authors: Pakhomova S A , Fakhurtdinov R S , Zhavoronkova E , Zinkovich K
Published: April 2021

The parameters of contact fatigue strength during vacuum carburization and ion nitriding of high quality steel (HQS) HQS-7 and HQS-10 are considered. Information about the modes of chemical and heat treatment is given and the technological process of hardening for HQS-7 and HQS-10 steels is considered. The characteristics of the contact fatigue strength of steels in the statistical aspect at different levels of contact stresses are obtained. A graphical analysis of the obtained values after testing was carried out, the optimal stresses for research were determined and the optimal version of chemical heat treatment was selected, which determines the best indicators for mechanical characteristics and operational requirements.
Programming wave propagation problem in cable of wirerope barrier systems with mathematica
Authors: Demyanushko I V , Karpov I A , Titov O V , Tavshavadze B T
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issues of modeling of longitudinal and shear waves propagation in the cables of a road cable barrier. The problem was solved using explicit methods with finite deformation. In the first part of the article, the procedure considered, that allows to solve the problem. In the second part, the procedures for P and S waves verified, using analytical solutions and the commercial LS-DYNA code.
Determination of trapped mode eigenfrequencies of an elastic plate with a strip-like delamination
Authors: Golub Mikhail V , Eremin Artem A , Moll Jochen , Sverkunova Diana A , Lammering Rolf
Published: April 2021

Resonance scattering of Lamb waves by strip-like interface delamination is investigated. Trapped mode resonance frequencies of the plate with interface delamination are experimentally studied via the application of the Fourier transform to point-wise measurements along a line obtained using laser Doppler vibrometry. Eigenfrequencies are also calculated employing semi-analytical and mesh-based computational methods. A good agreement between experimentally extracted and numerically predicted trapped mode eigenfrequencies is demonstrated.
On self-synchronization of inertial vibration exciters in a vibroimpact three-mass system
Authors: Shokhin A E , Krestnikovskii K V , Nikiforov A N
Published: April 2021

The dynamics of a vibration machine’s model in the form of a vibroimpact three-mass system with one shock pair, which oscillations are excited by two non-ideal inertial vibration exciters, is considered. The collision of the shock pair elements is modeled on the basis of the classical impact theory. A numerical simulation of the model dynamics at varying the excitation frequency, as well as the parameters of the initial gap and the coefficient of restitution, characterizing the conditions of contact interaction of the machine’s working bodies with the processed material, has been carried out. The influence of these parameters values on the frequency range of stable synchronization of vibration exciters and stable periodic vibroimpact modes of the system motion has been established. It is shown that at the same excitation frequency, a change in these parameters can lead to a change in the periodicity of the vibroimpact mode and the working bodies’ oscillations mode from synchronous-antiphase to practically synchronous-inphase.
Algebraic harmony in genoms of higher and lower organisms. Non-euclidean biosymmetries
Authors: Petoukhov S , Petukhova E , Svirin V
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between non-Euclidean symmetries in inherited morphogenetic and other bio-structures with algebraic features of information sequences of nucleotides in DNA heredity molecules in the genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These genomic sequences obey the universal hyperbolic rules of the oligomer cooperative organization, which are associated with the harmonic progression of 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, …, 1/n. This progression has long been known and studied in various branches of mathematics and physics, and has now manifested itself in genetic informatics. The performed analysis of the harmonic progression revealed its connection with the double ratio known in geometry, which is the main invariant of projective geometry. This connection consists in the fact that the magnitude of the double ratio is the same and is equal to 4/3 for any four adjacent members of this progression. This fact of the connection of genetic informatics with the main invariant of projective geometry can be used to explain the implementation of non-Euclidean symmetries in genetically inherited structures of living bodies.
Recurrent sequences and the harmonic progression in genetic biomechanics
Authors: Verevkin V , Petoukhov S
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of new approaches to the development of mathematical models in genetic biomechanics, which studies the structural relationships of the genetic coding system with genetically inherited biological forms. More specifically, we are talking about models based on the recurrent harmonic progression known in science, the universal connection of which with the information sequences of DNA heredity molecules in the genomes of higher and lower organisms was revealed in the laboratory of biomechanical systems research at the IMASH RAS. This progression is associated with fundamental hyperbolic rules for organizing DNA nucleotide sequences of genomes and is represented on a two-dimensional Cartesian plane by a hyperbolic sequence associated with natural logarithms. The latter have long been used in science to adequately model many inherited biological phenomena. The article describes previously unknown connections of natural logarithms with the structure of the molecular genetic system. The problems of modeling biological phenomena in connection with the revealed structural properties of the molecular genetic system are discussed.
Development and research of adaptive control algorithm for road train lateral motion
Authors: Demyanov D N , Khamatyanov R V
Published: April 2021

In the presented work, the problem of control of a road train when it performs various maneuvers while moving along the highway is considered. An adaptive algorithm for controlling the lateral displacement of road train elements is proposed, based on the use of a PD-controller, the values of the coefficients of which depend on the current value of the longitudinal velocity. Computer simulation has been carried out, which has shown the correctness of the proposed algorithm.
Automated robotic assembly of complex workpieces from tiped components forms
Authors: Kozlov P , Klimchik A
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with the automated robotic assembly of complex casting molds from components of regular shape. It addresses the issues of model decomposition and assembly sequence taking into account particularities of the gluing process and shape features. The decomposition parameters were determined by several approximation experiments. The obtained results validated via simulation and experimental study dealing with the assembly of particular workpieces with UR10e robot.
Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of the Semiquantitative Elecsys Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Assay on the Roche cobas e602 Analyzer
Authors: Chan Clarence W , Yi Xin , Lenza Michael , Baldwin Angel D , Jakalski Jennifer , Tesic Vera , Yeo Kiang-Teck J
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To analytically and clinically evaluate the semiquantitative Elecsys anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein antibody (S-Ab) assay on the Roche cobas e602 analyzer.

Methods

The S-Ab assay is a 1-step, double-antigen sandwich electrochemiluminescent immunoassay that semiquantitatively measures total IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies specific for the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in serum or plasma. The S-Ab assay was evaluated for precision, linearity, interference (by hemoglobin, bilirubin, triglycerides, and biotin), cross-reactivity, and clinical performance, and was compared to the qualitative Elecsys anti-nucleocapsid (N-Ab) immunoassay, a lateral flow device that qualitatively detects S-Ab and N-Ab, and an anti-spike enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

S-Ab assay is precise, exhibits linearity from 0.4 to 250 U/mL, is unaffected by significant cross-reactivity or interferences, and qualitatively demonstrates greater than 90% concordance with N-Ab assay and lateral flow device. Readouts of S-Ab assay correlate with ELISA, which in turn correlates strongly with SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization assay, and exhibit 100% sensitivity and specificity for COVID-19 patient samples obtained at or more than 14 days after PCR positivity.

Conclusions

The S-Ab assay is a robust clinical test for qualitative and semiquantitative detection of seropositivity following SARS-CoV-2 infection or spike-encoding mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
Urinary tract infection pocket card effect on preferred antimicrobial prescribing for cystitis among patients discharged from the emergency department
Authors: Mixon Mark Anthony , Dietrich Scott , Bushong Benjamin , Peksa Gary D , Rogoszewski Ryan , Theiler Alexander , Spears Lindsey , Werth Joshua , Meister Erin , Martin Matthew Steven
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of a urinary tract infection (UTI) pocket card on preferred antibiotic prescribing for patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of cystitis.

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective, pre-post study was conducted to compare outcomes following the introduction of a UTI pocket card. The primary outcome was prescribing rates for institutional first-line preferred antibiotics (cephalexin and nitrofurantoin) versus other antimicrobials for cystitis. Secondary outcomes included prescriber adherence to recommended therapy in regards to discharge dose, frequency, duration, and healthcare utilization rates.

Results

The study included 915 patients in total, 407 in the preintervention group and 508 in the postintervention group. The frequency of preferred antibiotic prescribing was significantly increased after the introduction of a UTI pocket card compared to prior to its introduction (81.7% vs 72.0%, P = 0.001). Significant increases in prescribing of an appropriate antibiotic dose (78.0% vs 66.8%, P < 0.0001) and frequency (64.2% vs 47.4%, P < 0.0001) were also found post intervention. No significant differences were seen between the pre- and postintervention groups with regards to healthcare utilization rates.

Conclusion

A UTI pocket card increased preferred antibiotic prescribing for cystitis in the ED. This study provides data on a successful antimicrobial stewardship intervention in the ED setting.
A pharmacist-driven Food and Drug Administration incident surveillance and response program for compounded drugs
Authors: Janusziewicz Ashlee N , Glueck Shannon N , Park Sophia Y , Nguyen Dien N , Rimmel Susan C , Cascio Laurelle A , Doh Gina Y , Martin-Yeboah Garrette F
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To provide an overview of compounding under sections 503A and 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and to describe the pharmacist’s role within the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Compounding Incidents Program, whose efforts are aimed at protecting the public against poor-quality compounded drugs through surveillance, review and response to adverse events and complaints.

Compounded drugs may serve an important medical need for patients who cannot be treated with medications approved by FDA; however, compounded drugs are not approved by FDA and are not subject to premarket review for safety, efficacy, or manufacturing quality; thus, they may pose safety risks to patients. Prompt reporting of adverse events or complaints related to compounding is important in identifying these risks and implementing safeguards to protect the public. FDA’s Compounding Incidents Program consists of a team of pharmacists dedicated to the surveillance and review of adverse events and complaints and follow-up actions related to safety risks associated with compounded drugs. Pharmacists are a vital component of FDA’s Compounding Incidents Program, utilizing their clinical skill set and regulatory knowledge to review and act on safety issues that affect public health.

Conclusion

As FDA continues to expand the Compounding Incidents Program and its efforts to protect the public against poor-quality compounded drugs, we encourage the continued submission of adverse event reports by healthcare professionals and consumers to FDA’s MedWatch reporting system in addition to adverse event reporting compliance by outsourcing facilities.
Wood Dust Exposure Levels and Respiratory Symptoms 6 Years Apart: An Observational Intervention Study Within the Danish Furniture Industry
Authors: Jacobsen Gitte , Schaumburg Inger , Sigsgaard Torben , Schlünssen Vivi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Occupational exposure to wood dust can cause respiratory diseases, but few studies have evaluated the impact of declining exposure on health outcome. This study aimed to investigate whether a decline in wood dust exposure between two cross sectional studies performed in 1997–1998 and 2003–2004 was related to the prevalences of respiratory symptoms among woodworkers in a well-defined geographical area.

Methods

Two thousand and thirty-two woodworkers from 54 plants in study 1 and 1889 woodworkers from 52 plants in study 2 returned a questionnaire on respiratory diseases and symptoms, employment and smoking habits. Current individual wood dust exposure level was assessed from 2 study specific job exposure matrix’s based on task, factory size and personal passive dust measurements (2217 in study 1 and 1355 in study 2).

Results

The median (range) of inhalable dust was 1.0 mg/m3 (0.2–9.8), 0.6 mg/m3 (0.1–4.6) in study 1 and study 2, respectively. In study 2, the prevalence’s of self-reported asthma was higher and the prevalence’s of respiratory symptoms were lower compared to study 1. In adjusted logistic regression analyses using GEE methodology to account for clustering, dust exposure level could explain the differences in prevalence of coughing, chronic bronchitis and nasal symptoms between study 1 and study 2, while no effect was found for asthma.

Conclusions

A 40% decline in wood dust exposure in a 6 year period may serve as an explanation for the decline in most respiratory symptoms, but do not seems to impact the prevalence of self-reported asthma.