bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the introduction of a collection of maize varieties in the conditions of the Lower Volga region
Authors: Zhuzhukin Valery Ivanovich , Kargin Vasily Ivanovich
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive analysis of the collection of maize varieties from the point of view of their breeding value. An assessment of their productivity potential in the conditions of the Lower Volga region was carried out. Field research was carried out in the arid conditions of the Saratov Left Bank. The objects of research were the genotypes of maize of various origins. In the course of the work, an analysis was carried out on 19 economically valuable traits in 18 gene types of corn. Significant variability was revealed in a number of important features, such as the height of the attachment of the cob, the mass of 1000 grains, the number of grains in the cob and the grain yield. The variation of the studied features exceeded 20 %, which indicates a high degree of variability. The calculation of paired correlation coefficients made it possible to identify the relationships between the studied features, considering the collection as a model population. A statistically significant correlation at the level of 5 % was found in 58 pairs of signs. Based on the determination coefficients, the influence of each studied feature on the formation of grain yield was established. Factor analysis of the main components revealed that the first six factors explain 88.51 % of the total data variance, while the remaining 11.49 % are accounted for by factors from Z-7 to Z-19. Based on the determination coefficients, the degree of influence of each sign on the formation of grain yield is determined. The analysis of the main components showed that the first six factors explain 88.51 % of the total variance, while the remaining 11.49 % are accounted for by factors from Z-7 to Z-19. The results obtained make it possible to identify promising genotypes in the collection of maize cultivars with valuable vegetative and generative characteristics. In particular, it is advisable to use samples k-906, k-909, k-1144, k-1769 for breeding for forage purposes (with a high vegetative mass).
Intensification of heat exchange in drying agent supply channels
Authors: Zagoruiko Mikhail Gennadievich , Bashmakov Igor Andreevich
Published: December 2024

Nowadays there is a wide range of grain dryers differing in design and performance. As energy resources are becoming more and more expensive, improving the energy efficiency of grain dryers is an urgent task. Modernising the design of dryers can improve their energy efficiency. To solve this problem, it is necessary to redesign the ducts to reduce heat loss and improve energy efficiency. However, feeding the drying agent through smooth channels leads to significant heat losses, which reduces efficiency. The longer the feed channel, the greater the heat loss, resulting in inadequate grain drying temperature, longer drying time and higher energy consumption. It is possible to reduce the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the feed channel by intensifying the process through the use of turbuliser protrusions. The optimum aperture height and spacing for turbulent flow should be selected depending on the circumstances.
Increasing the productivity of oil flax by pre-sowing seed treatment along with the addition of mineral nutrition
Authors: Denisov Konstantin Evgenievich , Belyaev Alexander Ivanovich , Petrov Nikolay Yurievich , Borisova Anna Grigorievna , Efremova Elena Nikolaevna , Belyaev Ivan Vladimirovich , Shingiryaev Rishat Rustamovich
Published: December 2024

It is noted that one of the targeted and economical ways to protect oil flax from pests and diseases that affect the processes of growth and development of plants in the initial period is to treat the seeds before sowing with insecto-fungicidal mixtures with the addition of chemicals. This technological method is a rational and effective type of seedling protection when cultivating oil flax along with foliar feeding. The method of encrusting oil flax seeds meets the principle of integrated field farming, which helps to increase the germination of seed, inhibits seed infection, protects seedlings from pathogenic microorganisms and allows for the maximum effect in increasing yield. As a result of the experiment, it was established that the combination of technology methods - seed inlay, the use of mineral nutrition in a dosage of N60P30K30, sowing with a row spacing of 0.15 m, a sowing rate of 5 million pcs./ha - contributed not only to the protection of seedlings from pests and diseases, but also to obtain maximum yield.
Application of graph theory in the technology of sunflower meal production
Authors: Priporov Igor Evgenievich , Ivanaisky Ruslan Evgenievich
Published: December 2024

Analysis of research and practice show that the production of compound feeds in agricultural enterprises at a higher quality level is not possible due to the poor quality of the mandatory standard processing processes of raw materials (cleaning, grinding, etc.), which determine the technological efficiency of the entire production of compound feeds. There is a problem of improving the feed production of high-quality concentrated feed in bulk and granular forms, and in the composition of compound feed based on the general theory of systems in relation to precise, precision technology of animal husbandry (feed preparation). The purpose of the research is to improve the technology of cooking sunflower meal through the application of graph theory. In the system approach, the concept of a system is broader, it includes structure, function, state, communication, etc. To increase the shelf life of protein feed, a technology for its production was proposed under patent No. 2735625 using multimedia devices, as well as the functional structure of its preparation, and the process of its production was modeled based on mathematical modeling methods of multilevel hierarchical systems. The analysis of the created technological lines for obtaining feed showed their unsuitability for the preparation of sunflower meal. Graph theory is aimed at designing or modernizing the technology of its production with a different combination of technical devices and identifying the structure of the technical means included in it. The use of a multi-level hierarchical system allows you to coordinate all technological processes in the line (cleaning sunflower seeds from impurities, extruding them to produce meal, grinding and ozone treatment) and improve its quality for high-protein feed. Based on system analysis and a multi-level hierarchical system, a functional structure of its preparation has been compiled, for example, patent No. 2735625 of the Russian Federation, in which the functional structure is the purification of seeds for the preparation of meal with subsequent ozone treatment and all are controlled to increase its shelf life.
Laboratory studies of a centrifugal type mixing plant
Authors: Sibirev Aleksey Viktirovich , Panferov Nikolay Sergeevich , Teterin Vladimir Sergeevich , Pekhnov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Blagov Dmitry Andreevich , Mitrofanov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the results of a study of a laboratory sample of a centrifugal type mixing plant. The dependences of the influence of the rotation speed of the working organ (rotor) on the quality and uniformity of the resulting mixture are revealed. The optimal type of injectors and the flow rate of the working solution during the treatment of mineral fertilizers with stimulating preparations have been determined. The maximum mixing efficiency, expressed by the coefficient of heterogeneity of the mixture, was achieved at a rotor speed of 60 rpm and ranged from 5.27% to 7.64%. The degree of fertilizer treatment with a working solution using mist-forming nozzles with a liquid flow rate of 0.48 l/min was 99.8%.
Genetic resources of black currant in large-fruited breeding
Authors: Sazonov Fedor Fedorovich
Published: December 2024

Requirements for modern cultivars of black currant based on large-fruited sign are increasing. If until recently berries with an average mass of 1.2 g were considered acceptable for production, they were already classified as large-fruited, but by now this level has already been increased to 1.5 g or more. The purpose of the researches was to search the best initial genotypes, donors and crossing combinations to increase the mass of berries in the hybrid posterity of black currant. The researches were carried out in 2019-2023 at the breeding and collection plots of the Kokino Base Station of the Federal Research Centre for Horticulture (Bryansk region). 24 cultivars of black currant, 3 elite, posterity of 12 combinations of crossings and 2 populations from free pollination included researches material, a total of 798 hybrids were studied. It was found out that the largest fruits were formed by 33.3% of the studied genotypes: cultivars ‘Mriya-3’, ‘Dar Smol’yaninovoy’, ‘Strelets’, ‘Selechenskaya 2’, ‘Podarok   Veteranam’, ‘Litvinovskaya’, ‘Debryansk’ and elite forms No. 8-4-6, 63-35-1. The crossing combinations Ben Hope?Litvinovskaya, 63-35-1?Litvinovskaya, Debryansk?Lentyay, Orlovskaya Serenada ? Barmaley and the population from free pollination of the cultivar ‘Debryansk’ turned out to be promising in the yield of very large-fruited posterity.
Features of growth and development of Hereford bulls of different genotypes
Authors: Basonov Orest Antipovich , Ginoyan Ruben Vardanovich , Mitkina Svetlana Yurievna
Published: December 2024

One of the key purposes of the study was to study the development and growth of bulls of different ecogenesis, as well as to determine directions for the growth of industrial production of beef with high quality characteristics based on the gene pool of Hereford beef cattle within the framework of culled breeding stock of the Black-and-White breed. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out in the conditions of the Pilninsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region on the basis of the Deyanovsky agricultural cooperative (collective farm). The object of the research was two groups of Hereford bulls and a crossbred (F3 - 7/8 blood). Theoretical aspects and research results on the topic under study are described, the dynamics of the live weight of Hereford bulls and crosses with the Black-and-White breed (F3), changes in their average daily, absolute, gross and relative growth in ontogenesis (from birth to 18 months with weighing at 6 and 12 months). The effectiveness of raising and selling purebred and crossbred bulls of different ecogenesis has been theoretically substantiated and proven.
Interior indicators of culled animals depending on the nosology group
Authors: Krupin Evgeny Olegovich
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the work is to analyze the interior indicators of animals culled due to various nosologies. The result of the analysis of the culling of 37.344 cows from the dairy herds of 26 agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan due to various diseases is presented. The following diseases were studied: obstetric-gynecological, internal non-infectious, surgical, infectious and invasive. It was found that cows culled as a result of obstetric and gynecological diseases are characterized by the maximum values of the following production indicators: duration of economic use (36.54 months), maximum lactation (2.31), age in lactation, calving, years and months (3.20; 3.24; 4.95; 64.73, respectively), live weight (556.37 kg), the number of milking days (1090.51), lifetime milk yield (20734.46 kg), the amount of milk fat and protein (769.97 and 639.75 kg), the mass fraction of fat (3.83 %). Animals culled due to internal non-communicable diseases are characterized by the highest values of the last completed lactation (2.98) and the mass fraction of protein in milk (3.22%). Individuals culled as a result of surgical diseases are characterized by a minimum milk protein yield (483.06 kg). Cows culled as a result of infectious and invasive diseases are characterized by minimum values of such indicators as the duration of economic use (27.09 months), the value of maximum and completed lactation (2.07 and 2.50), age in lactation, calving, years and months (2.78; 2.78; 4.41; 58.83, respectively), live weight (506.41 kg), number of milking days (856.86), lifetime milk yield (14519.79 kg), milk fat yield (547.25 kg), mass fractions of fat and protein in milk (3.78 and 3.13%).
The effect of a complex of biologically active substances on the chemical composition of carp muscle tissue
Authors: Mingazova Marina Sergeevna , Miroshnikova Elena Petrovna , Arinzhanov Azamat Еrsainovich , Kilyakova Julia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

Currently, it is important to use biologically active substances in fish diets to increase productivity and reduce economic costs. Also, the additional use of drugs has a positive effect on the physiological state of the body. This study presents the results of studying the effect of a complex of biologically active substances on the concentration of chemical elements in carp muscle tissue. We used two complexes: I – vanillin + ultrafine particles SiO2 and II – vanillin + ultrafine particles SiO2 + enzyme preparations Amylosubtilin and Glucavamorin. The substances were applied to the KRK-110 feed by spraying: vanillin at a dosage of 250 mg/kg of feed, ultrafine particles SiO2 – 200 mg/kg of feed, Amylosubtilin – 0.5 g/kg of feed, Glucavamorin – 0.5 g/kg of feed. The object of the study was carp yearlings. According to the results of the study, it was found that complexes of biologically active substances have a positive effect on the live weight of carp, leading to a growth-stimulating effect (P?0.05) from the sixth week of the study. During the study, it was found that complexes of biologically active substances do not affect the pool of macronutrients in comparison with the control. We have noted a general tendency towards a decrease in the pool of essential and conditionally essential trace elements. For group I, a decrease in a number of trace elements was found from 22.6% (P?0.05) to 40.7% (P?0.01) compared with the control, for group II – from 21.8% (P?0.05) to 46.3% (P?0.001), with an increase in vanadium by 69.1% (P?0.05). When studying toxic elements in fish tissues, a decrease in the pool of elements in groups I and II was found for such indicators as arsenic, mercury and tin – by 30.1% (P?0.05) and 23.3% (P?0.05), by 44.2% (P?0.01) in group I and by 45.3% (P?0.01), by 35.7% (P?0.05) and 32.1% (P?0.05) in group II. Also, in group I, the level of aluminum decreased by 60.4% (P?0.001) and beryllium by 48.9% (P?0.05) relative to the control.
Diagnosis and treatment of urethral obstruction in a cat (clinical case)
Authors: Tatarnikova Natalia Aleksandrovna , Novikova Oksana Valerievna , Sidorova Claudia Aleksandrovna , Chirkova Anna Sergeevna , Salautin Vladimir Vasilievich
Published: December 2024

Urinary tract obstruction in cats retains the status of urgent conditions and is associated with a high risk of complications and mortality, therefore, the study of methods of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for this disease is relevant. To develop optimal methods of treatment and prevention of urethral obstruction in cats, a comprehensive examination of a sick animal is necessary, including: anamnesis collection, clinical examination, laboratory tests of urine and blood, ultrasound diagnostics. Surgical treatment of urethral obstruction is the optimal method for negative results of medical treatment, frequent recurrence. The surgical operation   restores the patency of the urinary tract and improves the life quality of the animal. To reduce the risk of urethral obstruction in a cat, it is necessary to provide  regular medical examinations (urine analysis; general blood analysis; biochemical blood assay; ultrasound) and optimal nutrition conditions, taking into account age, physiological condition and physical activity.
Modeling the technology for forming combined bundles with logging waste for timber rafting
Authors: Karpachev Sergey Petrovich , Posypanov Sergey Valentinovich
Published: December 2024

The problem of delivering all harvested wood, including logging waste, from the cutting site by timber rafts is considered. Based on devices patented by the author, a design of a combined bundle consisting of commercial assortments and packages of compacted logging waste has been presented. A technology has been proposed for the formation of a combined bundle in a deck adjacent to the cutting area, in a removable forming platform, followed by transportation of the platform with the bundle by a log truck to a coastal deck and laying the bundle by a transport unit into a raft at a log storage and bundling area. According to this technology, the log truck operates with a multilift system. A mathematical model of the production process has been developed for a wide range of variations in natural production factors. Simulation experiments were carried out on mathematical models of the production process, in which the varying factors were the distance to the coastal deck, the number of removable forming platforms and the number of log trucks. At the same time, the constant factors were the volume of commercial timber at the cutting site and the volume of logging waste, as well as the number of loaders and transport units. As a result of simulation experiments, it was revealed that the productivity of the machine system increases up to 3 times when the transportation distance decreases from 100 km to 25 km. Increasing the number of removable platforms leads to an increase in productivity of up to 10 %. With the increase in log trucks, productivity increases by 1.5?2 times.
Study of a piston press for forming substrate blocks when growing mushrooms
Authors: Pavlov Pavel Ivanovich , Smotryakov Dmitri Andreevich , Dzyuban Ivan Leonidovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents a new design of a piston press for forming substrate blocks for growing mushrooms. Unlike existing designs, the compression chamber has a variable cross-section, and the piston is made in the form of two movable contacting operating plates moving relatively to each other. The advantages of the proposed press: uniform filling of a plastic bag with mushroom substrate, uniform density of the substrate block and increased productivity. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are presented: an analytical expression for the force on the piston during the formation of substrate blocks and experimental dependences on the speed of movement for various types of substrate material.
Assessment of unpredictable factors affecting the formation of the microclimate in the livestock building
Authors: Pustovaya Olesya Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the design of the thermal curtain and to assess the possibility of its use together with accelerating ventilation the study of air masses movement through the gate section during process operations was carried out. The research was carried out on the basis of Pogranichnoye LLC of Amur region, a cattle breeding complex for 1000 cattle. The effect of air inflow on the temperature background of production facilities was assessed, taking into account the zones of overheating and overcooling in the area of production facilities. Temperature and humidity in the premises were measured with a 100-TV logger, the record was made with a sampling rate of 1 time in 10 s. Characteristics of air flows in the section of openings were recorded using DCFM 8906 hot wire anemometer. The analysis of air exchange indices in the room was carried out. The equation of dependence of air exchange rate on outdoor air temperature was obtained, which is a logarithmic dependence and allows to predict the volume of air exchange in the room. At temperatures close to optimal for animal houses the equation of dependence is linear and requires additional research. The results obtained allow to state that the outdoor air inflow is closely related to the temperature gradient between the outdoor air and the temperature in the production facility, as well as to the direction and speed of the wind on the territory of the animal breeding complex. Based on the conducted research, the project of installation of a heat curtain with the possibility of its use as an air curtain for the period of positive temperatures is proposed. Currently, the installation is located at the facility and undergoes production testing.
Polymorphism of FASN and DGAT1 genes in beef cattle and their relationship with phenotype parameters
Authors: Abdulkhalikov Rusta Zaurbievich , Shakhmurzov Mukhamed Muzachirovich , Tarchokov Timur Tazretovich , Shevkhuzhev Anatoly Foadovich , Magomedov Kamaludin Gazimagomedovich
Published: December 2024

. The primary goal of breeders and scientists is to produce cattle with a superior “beef phenotype” whose meat is characterized by quality traits, including tenderness and marbling, that are related to the intramuscular fat content of beef, which emphasizes the importance of studying genes and their polymorphisms associated with beef performance. It was found that animal carriers of AG and GG genotypes in the polymorphism g.17924A>G (rs41255693) of the FASN gene had the highest live weight at the age of 8 months, which is 7,8 and 11,9% more than individuals of the AA genotype, however, carriers of this genotype had higher height in the sacrum and sciatic mounds. Gobies carrying the homozygous TT genotype of polymorphism c.1416 T > G (rs135329220) in the DGAT1 gene had a high live weight among all studied individuals for this gene. The results of the association of the identified polymorphisms of the DGAT1 gene with the height in the sacrum and sciatic mounds are not homogeneous enough, however, they well reflect the phenotype of the Kalmyk breed, but require further study.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in GH, CAST, GDF9 genes with live weight indices of sheep of different breeds
Authors: Gajiyev Zakir Kamilovich , Surzhikovа Evgeniya Semenovna , Evlagina Darya Dmitrievna , Surov Alexander Ivanovich , Shumaenko Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of DNA genotyping, live weight indicators in age dynamics for three genes (growth hormone (GH), calpastatin (CAST), differential growth factor (GDF9)) young sheep of two breeds (Dagestani mountain and North Caucasian meat and wool). Polymorphism of the marker genes GH, CAST and GDF9 showed that the studied breeds are polymorphic according to the above gene loci. To study the characteristics of growth, development, and formation of meat productivity in young Dagestani mountain and North Caucasian meat and wool breeds, the indicators of live weight at birth, at 4 and 6 months of age, as well as the average daily increase were studied. The calculated analysis of these indicators showed that animals carrying complex genotypes according to the GH, CAST, GDF9 genes, in which selectively significant alleles (GHB, CASTN, GDF9A) were present in the genotype, surpassed their peers who lacked these alleles.
Creation and prospects for the use of drugs for feed production and livestock livestock farming
Authors: Rabinovich Galina Yurievna , Vasilyeva Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

The problem of processing by livestock products is highlighted - the manure of agricultural animals and the litter of poultry, considered as fodder additives during recycling. Various methods of processing poultry manure, their advantages and disadvantages are described. A characteristic of livestock products is given in chemical and microbiological composition, which formed the basis for the development of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands biological products for various purposes, including those intended for silage of forage grasses (biopreservatives). The peculiarity of the developed biological products is a high titer of lactic acid microorganisms (108-109 CFU/ml) and a balanced composition with the inclusion of valuable nutrients. The use of these biopreservatives for ensiling eastern goat's rue revealed their high efficiency, close to chemical preservation. Based on the biological product ZhiBiSil, hydrolyzed peat and the plant Stratiotes aloides, which has valuable medicinal properties, at the institute created a new premix for animal feeding was created. Testing of the new premix on broiler chickens showed the feasibility of its use in feed rations: an increase in the growth rate of chickens and an increase in immunity were noted. Currently, exploratory research is being conducted aimed at creating new liquid-phase biological products with protective properties for crop production and livestock production by soft extraction of biologically active substances (water-soluble carbohydrates, vitamins, various organic acids) from poultry droppings. Good prospects open up when obtaining feed additives (premixes) and biological products from renewable sources of raw materials – peat and livestock by-products.
Application of probiotic additive "Genesis Aves" in feeding laying hens of Lomann Brown cross
Authors: Silantieva Irina Sergeevna , Prytkov Yuriy Nikolaevich , Kistina Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

Scientific and economic experience on laying hens of Lomann Brown cross on application of probiotic additive "Genesis Aves" was carried out in production conditions of poultry farm JSC "Atemarskaya" Poultry Farm of Lyambirsky district of RM. The experiment was carried out on hens from the beginning of oviposition to the end of operation according to the technological cycle accepted at the poultry farm. Feeding rations were developed according to the detailed feeding norms recommended by VNITIP taking into account the chemical composition of local forages and feeding program for the operation of this cross. Temperature, humidity and light regimes, planting density, feeding and watering front were in accordance with the same recommendations. According to the principle of pair-analogs, clinically healthy birds (144 birds) were selected and 4 groups of 36 birds in each group were formed. When birds were put on the experiment, their age was 16 weeks. Laying hens of the first group received the economic ration, individuals of the second group additionally received probiotic at the rate of 700mg/100g of mixed fodder, the third group - 1000mg/100g of mixed fodder, the fourth group - 1300mg/100g of mixed fodder. The effect of different dosages of probiotic supplement "Genesis Aves" on the main parameters of blood biochemical parameters at 30, 62 - week of age was studied. In the morning before feeding 3 laying hens were taken blood from the umbilical vein. Experimental studies on the use of enzymatic probiotic "Genesis Aves" as part of mixed fodders of laying hens on the biochemical parameters of blood assert the feasibility of inclusion in the dose of 1%, which contributes to the intensive course of metabolic processes in the body and the maximum use of macronutrients of the diet.
Efficiency of use of multicomponent preparations when cultivating table beets in drip irrigation conditions
Authors: Bondarenko Anastasia Nikolaevna , Kostyrenko Oksana Vladimirovna , Rzaeva Valentina Vasilievna
Published: December 2024

Two-factor field experience on the table beet was carried out for the period from 2021 to 2023, in accordance with generally accepted methods in vegetable growing. The objects of the study were hybrids of table beets: Kestrel F1, Bona F1 and Major F1. The material was liquid multicomponent preparations: Boron, Zinc, Magnesium and Aminovit. During the study, a significant decrease in the water consumption rate was noted in all hybrids of table beets on the version with foliar treatment with Boron. Two Kestrel F1 hybrids – 96.5 m3/t and the Bona F1 hybrid – 83.0 m3/t in the foliar treatment with the multi-component Boron + N120P60K60 preparation had the lowest water consumption for product volume formation. The use of Boron + N120P60K60 for the Bona F1 table beets led to a maximum yield increase of + 29.8 t/ha relative to the reference sample. The biological level of yield for the period from 2021 to 2023 on this sample was also the maximum and amounted to 78.4 tons/ha.
Peculiarities of growth and development of apple tree varieties depending on the formation of the crown under aid conditions of the northern Pre-Caspian region
Authors: Menshutina Tatyana Vladimirovna , Kostenko Marina Gennadievna
Published: December 2024

In the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Northern Pre-Caspian region, various methods of forming the crowns of apple trees are being studied to create highly productive intensive plantations in the arid zone. The article presents the results of a study on the influence of various methods of crown formation on the main economic and biological indicators of apple tree varieties in the semi-desert zone of the Northern Pre-Caspian region. The purpose of the research is to determine optimal crown designs that maximally take into account the biological characteristics of varieties in intensive plantings when grown in arid zone conditions. The work was carried out in the Astrakhan region in 2018–2022 at the Pre-Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center on the territory of the experimental fruit garden. The region is characterized as very arid with hot summers and moderately cold winters. The experimental design involved the study of the following options: variety (factor A) - Galakub, Rossoshanskoye Bagryanoye, Talida; crown type (factor B) – sparsely tiered, cup-shaped and modified slender spindle. The trees formed according to the “sparsely-tiered” crown type grew the most powerfully in height (2.9…3.2 m); the restrained growth of trees of the varieties was ensured by the “cup-shaped” and “modified slender spindle” crowns (2.5…2.7 m). The minimum crown projection area relative to the control was recorded in varieties with a “cup-shaped” crown (1.5...2.6 m2); trees with a “sparsely tiered” crown formation had a powerful crown (1.6...4.5 m2). The early fruiting of apple tree varieties was largely influenced by the “cup-shaped” form of pruning. An increase in tree productivity in the fourth year of planting was recorded in varieties with a “cup-shaped” crown – 1,5…2,6 kg/tree while in the control it was 0,9…1,6 kg/tree.
The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment on the yield of winter wheat
Authors: Peshkov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Sadovnikov Georgiy Gennadievich , Dolmatova Lidia Sergeevna
Published: December 2024

In the cultivation of winter wheat the most sensitive factors are the possibility of freezing in winter and damage by pests during the formation of the main elements of the crop structure. The influence of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds from a complex of pests from various ecological groups on the yield of winter wheat in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is considered in this article. The accumulation and degree of damage of the crop by pests was influenced by dry conditions in the autumn period during the years of the experiment. The use of modern insect-fungicide seed protectants reduced the number of wireworms by 31-58%, and the damage to the crop decreased by 45-60%. The systemic effect of the agrichemicals also ensured a reduction in the number of grain fly larvae by 49-77% toward to the control variant. The fungicide component contained in seed protectants helped reduce the prevalence of root rot in the experimental variants by an average of 15-21%, with a distribution index of 2.3 to 5%. In the control variant the prevalence of phytopathogens was 35% with a development of 13%. The studied agrichemicals showed significant biological effectiveness against a complex of pests during the autumn growing season of winter wheat in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. It made it possible to preserve plants and obtain an additional yield by 6-17% depending on the different variants of the experiment.
Селекционно-генетические показатели осетровых различных генотипов в индустриальных условиях выращивания
Authors: Basonov Orest Antipovich , Sudakova Anastasia Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2024

This publication presents the conclusions of a study on the analysis of the selection and genetic characteristics of hybrid sturgeon fish in the process of their breeding in certain climatic conditions. The object of the study was sturgeon of various genotypes (Russian sturgeon - group 1, Siberian sturgeon - group 2, hybrids of Russian sturgeon with Siberian - group 3 and hybrids of Siberian sturgeon with Russian species - group 4). In a comparative aspect, the selection and genetic indicators of various genotypic groups of sturgeon fish species when grown in a closed water supply facility were determined. Based on the data of correlations between morphometric characteristics, heritability and repeatability coefficients, it was found that the difference in the studied characteristics is not significant. We can conclude that the morphometric characteristics of the following groups have the greatest correlation:r = 0.49 - average relationship between fishing length and total length,r = 0.22 - weak connection between the highest height and fishing length,r = 0.38 - positive weak relationship between head length and mass,r = 0.58 - positive relationship between girth and mass,r = 0.08 - there is a weak relationship between the highest body height and head length,r = 0.18 - relationship between body girth and maximum body height, r = 0.44 - average relationship between body girth and head length. Analysis of correlations of morphometric traits made it possible to establish that many exterior characteristics have high heritability, which may be due to both less dependence on environmental conditions and genetic heterogeneity. The data obtained can help to better understand the breeding and management of sturgeon populations in closed water supply conditions.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE CAPABILITIES OF YANDEXGPT 2 IN THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: LEXICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Chudakova Anastasia I.
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the possibilities of using YandexGPT 2 technology in teaching foreign students the lexical aspect; examples of exercises for working with vocabulary generated by artificial intelligence are given, their advantages and disadvantages are described.
FEATURES OF STUDYING THE SPECIALTY LANGUAGE IN A MILITARY UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Schtekhman Elena A.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of learning the language of the specialty in the basic courses of a military university using situational tasks. Situational tasks are aimed at developing the communicative competence of students, allowing them to quickly master the language units associated with the profession being mastered.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE IMAGE OF AN ELDERLY PERSON IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE NEWSPAPER MATERIAL
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Yuxin Ma
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the comparative study of the linguistic image of modern elderly people, presented in Chinese and Russian online discourses. The subject of the study was the peculiarities of the emotional and evaluative semantics of the used units, expressed by different linguistic means. As a result of the study, it was found that in Russian and Chinese linguocultures negative evaluation dominates in the assessment of the elderly person and his role in society, at the same time some differences in the means of expressing this image in the two speech cultures were revealed.
Frequência de acesso a fontes de informação no cenário brasileiro durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Authors: Gonçalves Christine Conceição , Barbosa Ricardo Rodrigues
Published: December 2024

O trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre a frequência de acesso a fontes de informação no cenário brasileiro durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no período de março a julho de 2021. Este estudo é descritivo de natureza quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário online enviado através de um link via Internet a indivíduos brasileiros que utilizaram mídias e redes sociais durante a pandemia. O questionário foi encaminhado via e-mail, Facebook, Instagram e WhatsApp. Para examinar os dados obtidos com a aplicação do questionário, utilizou-se estatística descritiva para analisar a média das variáveis, bem como testes qui-quadrado (x2) para análise das diferenças entre as proporções. As respostas dos 2.785 participantes mostraram que as redes sociais digitais (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, WhatsApp, Twitter etc.) e os canais de televisão foram as fontes de informação mais acessadas diariamente. Por ordem de frequência de acesso, seguiram as fontes pessoais (amigos e/ou colegas e familiares); jornais e/ou revistas; mecanismos de busca na Internet; Universidades; Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS); artigos científicos; Ministério da Saúde Brasileiro; emissoras de rádio; Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA); hospitais e postos de Saúde. Em um cenário emergencial e inusitado como o da pandemia de COVID-19, os resultados mostraram que os respondentes recorreram, diariamente, às redes sociais digitais e aos canais de televisão como fontes de informação sobre COVID-19.
Vozes do comando
Authors: Maciel Ana Cleide Souza , Carvalho Ediane Toscano Galdino
Published: December 2024

A pesquisa objetiva identificar a visão dos diretores de escolas da rede privada da cidade de João Pessoa, PB em relação as bibliotecas escolares que estão sob sua responsabilidade. Essa perspectiva surge da necessidade de entender a relação entre escola e biblioteca a partir de uma temática pouco explorada que advém dos diretores de escolas. A investigação desenvolve uma metodologia baseada na pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa e como instrumento de coleta de dados o questionário misto. Contribuíram para a coleta de dados oito diretores das maiores escolas privadas da cidade de João Pessoa/Paraíba que dispõem de bibliotecas e bibliotecários. Como resultado, identificamos que os referidos gestores reconhecem a magnitude da Biblioteca Escolar no processo de educação, embora ainda exista insuficiência de ações efetivas que integrem a biblioteca como espaço inerente ao universo escolar.
Desinformação, negacionismo e revisionismo
Authors: Guimarães Junior Manoel Oswaldo , Miranda Májory Karoline Fernandes de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

O avanço tecnológico e a internet permitiram uma maior produção, democratização do acesso e compartilhamento de informações nas últimas décadas. Ao mesmo tempo, esta mesma tecnologia tem sido utilizada para promover desinformação em todas as áreas da atividade humana, principalmente no campo científico. Alguns movimentos negam ou fazem releituras de alguns fatos históricos com a intenção de alterar ou colocar em dúvida conhecimentos provados cientificamente, propagando informações falsas ou manipuladas. O objetivo deste artigo é entender a atuação, as características e as diferenças do negacionismo e do revisionismo histórico e seus reflexos na sociedade. Contextualiza a ação do movimento negacionista científico ao longo da história com o fenômeno da desinformação na atualidade, ampliando as discussões sobre os fenômenos a fim de oferecer um referencial teórico mais fundamentado sobre essas tendências históricas ainda pouco exploradas na Ciência da Informação. O percurso metodológico partiu de revisões e análises bibliográficas de trabalhos de referência sobre as temáticas. Compara os aspectos gerais dos processos negacionistas e revisionistas e destaca a relevância do revisionismo de caráter historiográfico para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento histórico da sociedade. Ressalta ainda o papel da CI em atenuar os problemas gerados pela desinformação, apresentando estudos relacionados a divulgação científica e a apropriação da informação pelos usuários.
Informação e sentidos
Authors: Banchik Antonio Mario , Freire Gustavo Henrique de Araújo
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo discute diferentes abordagens do conceito de informação, enfocando a centralidade da concepção quantitativa no regime de informação dominante. Busca, como objetivo, tecer uma análise crítica sobre a relação entre a organização da informação e o contexto socioeconômico vigente, destacando como o regime de informação se alicerça sobre concepções quantitativas em detrimento de seus valores mais qualitativos e subjetivos. A partir do método indiciário de Carlo Ginzburg, é feita uma  revisão teórica ancorada em conceitos da filosofia e da ciência da informação, para explorar indícios de diferentes concepções informacionais e seus usos. A investigação evidencia como a prevalência quantitativa da informação influi sobre os processos de conhecimento, relações sociais e econômicas, salientando os impactos políticos e ideológicos dessa configuração informacional. Conclui-se que é essencial equilibrar as dimensões qualitativas e quantitativas no campo informacional, para promover ao regime de informação dominante um uso mais ético e holístico da mesma.
Interação entre biblioteca e museu
Authors: Silva Danielle Martins da , Silva Ketheleen Vieira da , Nunes Pires de Oliveira Tayná , Sousa Vinícius Felipe de Lima , Terra Guilhermina de Melo
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo arrolar as ações socioeducativas e culturais praticadas pela Biblioteca do Sesc Ler Goiana e pelo Museu de Arte Sacra Escritor Maximiano Campos evidenciando, sobretudo, as ações de interculturalidade realizadas para dinamizar seus espaços e se aproximarem de seus usuários, analisando se essas ações trazem contribuições para o território onde estão estabelecidos ambos os equipamentos, município de Goiana, em Pernambuco, Brasil, sob a perspectiva do fortalecimento do patrimônio cultural. A contextualização teórica trata dos conceitos de cultura e de ação cultural em bibliotecas. Metodologicamente, caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, balizada por um estudo de caso, o qual se voltou para as ações desenvolvidas em conjunto pelos equipamentos informacionais da unidade Sesc Ler Goiana, no período de 2019 a 2023. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que ambos têm cumprido seu papel de equipamento de fomentação da cultura, da literatura e do lazer. Conclui-se afirmando que é possível o profissional da informação ser atuante na função de agente cultural, construindo meios que possam aproximar os diferentes públicos da Biblioteca e do Museu
Reanalysis Of the Literary Works of Sarah Grand, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, And Yasar Nezihe from A Feminist Orientalist Perspective
Authors: Işık Zeliha
Published: December 2024

We examine women's rights and freedoms using a comprehensive framework that includes all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic categories, and is based on a systematic, conceptual, and theoretical approach. However, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was difficult to speak of a so well-established and comprehensive feminist movement. Furthermore, apart from many quantitative constraints such as restricted movement and the necessity for dependable and unbiased dissemination of knowledge across diverse nations, social strata, ethnicities, and genders, the orientalist viewpoint of the Western world has influenced the quality of feminist literature. Some major Western studies on women have portrayed Turkish women in a negative light, suggesting that they are oblivious to feminist principles. However, upon retrospective examination of British, American, and Turkish literary works created in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it becomes evident that each society has exhibited analogous quests for woman’s rights and freedoms. The purpose of this article is to show collectivity of women's experiences regardless of race, socioeconomic class, or ethnicity, and to demonstrate that women's experiences, which are obscured by male-dominated discourse and orientalist perspectives, are similar in areas such as education, work right, representaation and violence, spanning from the past to the present. Accordingly, this article provides a comparative examination of three feminist literary works, "When the Door Opened_” (1908) by Sarah Grand, “The Yellow Wallpaper” (1892) by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and “For May 1” (1923) by Yasar Nezihe Bukulmez.
महिलाओं के योग युक्त जीवन मार्ग में जनसंख्या वृद्धि: एक सामाजिक समास्या
Authors: Siddh Sandeep , Gautam Priyanka
Published: December 2024

आज के आधुनिक युग में एक स्वस्थ सुखपूर्वक जीवन जीना अत्यन्त कठिन है। इस कठिनाई को हमने अपने आप ही तैयार किया है। यह कठिनाई जनसंख्या की अधिकता के रुप में हमारे सामने खडी है। आज इस समस्या ने इतना विकराल रुप धारण कर लिया है कि स्वास्थ्य व सुख के लिए मनुष्य को संघर्ष करना पड रहा है। स्वास्थ्य व सुख का एक अत्यन्त उन्नत मार्ग हमारे प्रचीन ऋषि मुनियों द्वारा हमें प्रदान किया था, यह मार्ग ‘योग‘ का मार्ग है। परन्तु आज के इस भीड-भाड वाले वातावरण में जहां चारो ओर प्रदूषण व संसाधनो की लुट खसौट लगी है, वहां योग युक्त जीनव जीना अत्यन्त कठिन है। जनसंख्या वृद्धि के कारण मनुष्य पूरे जीवन संसाधनो को एकत्रित करने में लगा रहता है, जिससे वह अपने शरीर व मन के लिए भी समय नहीं निकाल पाता। जनसंख्या वृद्धि एक बहुत बडी समस्या है, जिसके कारण महिनायें परिवार की आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति में ही अपना पूरा जीवन बीता देती है। जिसके कारण वह योग के लिए समय नही निकाल पाती और वह पूरे जीवन अस्वस्थ व दुख मे घिरी रहती है। इसी के कारण महिलायें अपना जीवन कष्टमय तरीके से जीती है। योग के लिए शुद्ध वातावरण व शान्ति की आवश्यकता होती है, लेकिन जनसंख्या वृद्धि के कारण वातावरण अशुद्ध अवस्था में तथा चारो ओर अशान्ति व्याप्त रहती है। इसी के कारण महिलाओं के लिये योग युक्त जीवन जीना आज के युग में अत्यन्त मुश्किल है। हम कह सकते है कि महिलाओं के जीवन के मार्ग में जनसंख्या वृद्धि एक बडी सामाजिक समस्या है।
योग के माध्यम से शरीर व मन दोनो एक साथ स्वस्थ रहते हैं। योग में आसनो के द्वारा शरीर लचीला व मजबुत बनता है। प्राणायाम द्वारा शरीर हल्का, संतुलित व सभी क्रिया नियमित होती हैं। मुद्रा व बन्धो द्वारा सहनशीलता आती है। श्(चन्द्रशेखर 2018 पृ0 सं0 63) अनुसार महिलाओं के लिये योग कार्यक्रम को अपने दैनिक जीवन में अपनाना भी सरल हो सकता है तथा महिलाओं के दैनिक जीवन पर व्यायाम की ही तरह योग का भी बहुत अधिक सकारात्मक प्रभाव पडता हैं।श् श्(एकता 2003, पृ0 सं0 15-30) के अनुसार हम शरीर को स्वस्थ व दक्षता प्रदान करने के लिये योग को अपने जीवन में अपना सकते हें, क्योंकि योग अपनाने से अधिक लाभ प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।श्
Primjeri analognih fraznih univerbizacija u latinskome i rumunjskome te usporedba s drugim romanskim idiomima
Authors: Varga Dražen , Bičanić Mirna
Published: December 2024

Rumunjski se po pitanju bliskosti prema latinskome u nekim pojedinostima izdvaja od drugih romanskih idioma. U ovome će se radu istražiti primjeri takve bliskosti slijedeći Haspelmathovu kategorizaciju markera neodređenih zamjenica, te koristeći se Lehmannovim parametrima i procesima gramatikalizacije. Kontrastirat će se nizovi zamjenica nastalih fraznom univerbizacijom dvaju markera neodređenosti: ne znam i želim/udovoljava u latinskome, rumunjskome i drugim romanskim idiomima. Načinit će se semantička mapa prema Haspelmathovu modelu, kojom će se usporediti razlike i sličnosti u funkcijama pojedinih nizova zamjenica. Promotrit će se na koji se način rumunjski s obzirom na funkcije, parametre gramatikalizacije, korištenje izvornih latinskih fraza te broj nizova neodređenih zamjenica približio latinskome više od drugih romanskih idioma. Budući da se i u albanskome mogu naći brojni nizovi zamjenica koji su nastali po istom predlošku, a koji se također mogu sklanjati, moguće je objašnjenje te pojave utjecaj supstratskih tračkih i ilirskih jezika.