bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very Strong Atmospheric Methane Growth in the 4 Years 2014–2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement
Authors: Nisbet E. G. , Manning M. R. , Dlugokencky E. J. , Fisher R. E. , Lowry D. , Michel S. E. , Myhre C. Lund , Platt S. M. , Allen G. , Bousquet P. , Brownlow R. , Cain M. , France J. L. , Hermansen O. , Hossaini R. , Jones A. E. , Levin I. , Manning A. C. , Myhre G. , Pyle J. A. , Vaughn B. H. , Warwick N. J. , White J. W. C.
Published: February 2019

Atmospheric methane grew very rapidly in 2014 (12.7 ± 0.5 ppb/year), 2015 (10.1 ± 0.7 ppb/year), 2016 (7.0 ± 0.7 ppb/year), and 2017 (7.7 ± 0.7 ppb/year), at rates not observed since the 1980s. The increase in the methane burden began in 2007, with the mean global mole fraction in remote surface background air rising from about 1,775 ppb in 2006 to 1,850 ppb in 2017. Simultaneously the13C/12C isotopic ratio (expressed as δ13CCH4) has shifted, now trending negative for more than a decade. The causes of methane's recent mole fraction increase are therefore either a change in the relative proportions (and totals) of emissions from biogenic and thermogenic and pyrogenic sources, especially in the tropics and subtropics, or a decline in the atmospheric sink of methane, or both. Unfortunately, with limited measurement data sets, it is not currently possible to be more definitive. The climate warming impact of the observed methane increase over the past decade, if continued at >5 ppb/year in the coming decades, is sufficient to challenge the Paris Agreement, which requires sharp cuts in the atmospheric methane burden. However, anthropogenic methane emissions are relatively very large and thus offer attractive targets for rapid reduction, which are essential if the Paris Agreement aims are to be attained.
Climate‐Induced Changes in the Risk of Hydrological Failure of Major Dams in California
Authors: Mallakpour Iman , AghaKouchak Amir , Sadegh Mojtaba
Published: February 2019

Existing major reservoirs in California, with average age above 50 years, were built in the previous century with limited data records and flood hazard assessment. Changes in climate and land use are anticipated to alter statistical properties of inflow to these infrastructure systems and potentially increase their hydrological failure probability. Because of large socioeconomic repercussions of infrastructure incidents, revisiting dam failure risks associated with possible shifts in the streamflow regime is fundamental for societal resilience. Here we compute historical and projected flood return periods as a proxy for potential changes in the risk of hydrological failure of dams in a warming climate. Our results show that hydrological failure probability is likely to increase for most dams in California by 2100. Noticeably, the New Don Pedro, Shasta, Lewiston, and Trinity Dams are associated with highest potential changes in flood hazard.
POLARIS Soil Properties: 30‐m Probabilistic Maps of Soil Properties Over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Chaney Nathaniel W. , Minasny Budiman , Herman Jonathan D. , Nauman Travis W. , Brungard Colby W. , Morgan Cristine L. S. , McBratney Alexander B. , Wood Eric F. , Yimam Yohannes
Published: February 2019

Soils play a critical role in the cycling of water, energy, and carbon in the Earth system. Until recently, due primarily to a lack of soil property maps of a sufficiently high‐quality and spatial detail, a minor emphasis has been placed on providing high‐resolution measured soil parameter estimates for land surface models and hydrologic models. This study introduces Probabilistic Remapping of SSURGO (POLARIS) soil properties—a database of 30‐m probabilistic soil property maps over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The mapped variables over CONUS include soil texture, organic matter, pH, saturated hydraulic conductivity, Brooks‐Corey and Van Genuchten water retention curve parameters, bulk density, and saturated water content. POLARIS soil properties was assembled by (1) depth harmonizing and aggregating the pedons in the National Cooperative Soil Survey Soil Characterization Database and the components in Soil Survey Geographic Database into a database of 21,481 different soil series, each soil series having its own vertical profiles of different soil properties, (2) pruning the original POLARIS soil series maps using conventional soil maps to improve soil series prediction accuracy, and (3) merging the assembled soil series databases with the pruned POLARIS soil series maps to construct the soil property maps over CONUS. POLARIS soil properties includes 100‐bin histograms for each layer and variable per grid cell and a series of summary statistics at 30‐, 300‐, and 3,000‐m spatial resolution. Evaluation of POLARIS soil properties using in situ measurements shows an average R2 of 0.41, normalized root‐mean‐square error of 12%, and a normalized mean absolute error of 8.8%.
Being Persuasive: Lessons from Lawyers That All Scientists Need
Authors: Albrecht Tamee , Hudson Amy
Published: February 2019

Supplying information is not enough. Here are four courtroom techniques to help scientists make an impact.
Correction: LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Xiangfei , Wang Xiumin , Liu Yang , Dong Yating , Wang Yanan , Kassab Muzaffer Ahmad , Fan Wufang , Yu Xiaochun , Wu Chen
Published: February 2019

The second corresponding author Dr. Xiaochun Yu is only affiliated with [3] Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. He is not affiliated with [1] College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 Hebei, China.
Author Correction: The first annotated set of scanning electron microscopy images for nanoscience
Authors: Aversa Rossella , Modarres Mohammad Hadi , Cozzini Stefano , Ciancio Regina , Chiusole Alberto
Published: February 2019

Following further analysis of the Majority Dataset (Data Citation 3, originally https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.e344a8afef08463a855ada08aadbf352) and 100% Dataset (Data Citation 4, originally https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.f1aa0f5ad38c456eaf7b04d47a65af53) presented in the original version of this Data Descriptor it was revealed that a large number of duplicate images were included in both datasets. Both datasets have been corrected in updated versions, removing all replicates. The new version of the Majority Dataset (Data Citation 3) can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.72758204db9044ab8b3e6b6c4d2eb576 and the 100% Dataset (Data Citation 4) via https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.80df8606fcdb4b2bae1656f0dc6db8ba. The HTML and PDF versions of the Data Descriptor have been corrected accordingly.
Electronic states in GaAs-(Al,Ga)As eccentric quantum rings under nonresonant intense laser and magnetic fields
Authors: Vinasco J. A. , Radu A. , Niculescu E. , Mora-Ramos M. E. , Feddi E. , Tulupenko V. , Restrepo R. L. , Kasapoglu E. , Morales A. L. , Duque C. A.
Published: February 2019

The features of the electron energy spectrum in eccentric two-dimensional GaAs-AlGaAs quantum rings of circular shape are theoretically investigated taking into account the effect of externally applied magnetic and intense laser fields. Analytical expressions for the laser-dressed confining potential in this kind of quantum ring geometry are reported for the first time. Finite element method is used to solve the resulting single-particle effective mass two-dimensional partial differential equation. It is shown that the allowed level spectrum is greatly influence by the external probe as well as by the breaking of geometric symmetry related to the changes in eccentricity. In presence of an intense laser field, the conduction band confining profile suffers strong modifications along the structure, with an additional contribution to symmetry breaking. These modifications of electronic quantum states reflect in the intraband optical absorption. Accordingly, the features of the intraband transitions are discussed in detail, revealing the significant influence of the magnetic field strength and laser field intensity and polarization, together with eccentricity, in the allowing of ground-to-excited states transitions and their corresponding intensities.
Effect of electroporation medium conductivity on exogenous molecule transfer to cells in vitro
Authors: Ruzgys Paulius , Jakutavičiūtė Milda , Šatkauskienė Ingrida , Čepurnienė Karolina , Šatkauskas Saulius
Published: February 2019

In this study we evaluated the influence of medium conductivity to propidium iodide (PI) and bleomycin (BLM) electroporation mediated transfer to cells. Inverse dependency between the extracellular conductivity and the efficiency of the transfer had been found. Using 1 high voltage (HV) pulse, the total molecule transfer efficiency decreased 4.67 times when external medium conductivity increased from 0.1 to 0.9 S/m. Similar results had been found using 2 HV and 3 HV pulses. The percentage of cells killed by BLM electroporation mediated transfer had also decreased with the conductivity increase, from 79% killed cells in 0.1 S/m conductivity medium to 28% killed cells in 0.9 S/m conductivity medium. We hypothesize that the effect of external medium conductivity on electroporation mediated transfer is triggered by cell deformation during electric field application. In high conductivity external medium cell assumes oblate shape, which causes a change of voltage distribution on the cell membrane, leading to lower electric field induced transmembrane potential. On the contrary, low conductivity external medium leads to prolate cell shape and increased transmembrane potential at the electrode facing cell poles.
Diff isomiRs: Large-scale detection of differential isomiRs for understanding non-coding regulated stress omics in plants
Authors: Yang Kun , Wen Xiaopeng , Mudunuri Suresh , Varma G. P. Saradhi , Sablok Gaurav
Published: February 2019

Plants have an amazing ability to cope with wide variety of stresses by regulating the expression of genes and thus by altering the physiological status. In the past few years, canonical microRNA variants (isomiRs) have been shown to play pivotal roles by acting as regulators of the transcriptional machinery. In the present research, we present Diff isomiRs, a web-based exploratory repository of differential isomiRs across 16 sequenced plant species representing a total of 433 datasets across 21 different stresses and 158 experimental states. Diff isomiRs provides the high-throughput detection of differential isomiRs using mapping-based and model-based differential analysis revealing a total of 16,157 and 2,028 differential isomiRs, respectively. Easy-to-use and web-based exploration of differential isomiRs provides several features such as browsing of the differential isomiRs according to stress or species, as well as association of the differential isomiRs to targets and plant endogenous target mimics (PeTMs). Diff isomiRs also provides the relationship between the canonical miRNAs, isomiRs and the miRNA-target interactions. This is the first web-based large-scale repository for browsing differential isomiRs and will facilitate better understanding of the regulatory role of the isomiRs with respect to the canonical microRNAs. Diff isomiRs can be accessed at: www.mcr.org.in/diffisomirs.
RNA-Seq profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and controls
Authors: Zucca Susanna , Gagliardi Stella , Pandini Cecilia , Diamanti Luca , Bordoni Matteo , Sproviero Daisy , Arigoni Maddalena , Olivero Martina , Pansarasa Orietta , Ceroni Mauro , Calogero Raffaele , Cereda Cristina
Published: February 2019

Coding and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metabolism is now revealing its crucial role in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. In this work, we present a dataset obtained via Illumina RNA-seq analysis on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from sporadic and mutated ALS patients (mutations in FUS, TARDBP, SOD1 and VCP genes) and healthy controls. This dataset allows the whole-transcriptome characterization of PBMCs content, both in terms of coding and non-coding RNAs, in order to compare the disease state to the healthy controls, both for sporadic patients and for mutated patients. Our dataset is a starting point for the omni-comprehensive analysis of coding and lncRNAs, from an easy to withdraw, manage and store tissue that shows to be a suitable model for RNA profiling in ALS.
Two-dimensional semiconducting and single-crystalline antimony trioxide directly-grown on monolayer graphene
Authors: Wu Qinke , Jeong Taehwan , Park Sanwoo , Sun Jia , Kang Hyunmin , Yoon Taegeun , Song Young Jae
Published: February 2019

The first successful synthesis and characterization of single-crystalline two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting antimony tri oxide (Sb2O3) by direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth on monolayer graphene is presented herein.
A catecholamine neurotransmitter: epinephrine as a CO2 wet scrubbing agent
Authors: Eftaiha Ala'a F. , Mustafa Farah M. , Alsoubani Fatima , Assaf Khaleel I. , Qaroush Abdussalam K.
Published: February 2019

Adrenaline can be used to capture CO2 when dissolved in DMSO.
Biomass-derived oxygen-doped hollow carbon microtubes for electrocatalytic N2-to-NH3 fixation under ambient conditions
Authors: Wu Tengteng , Li Peipei , Wang Huanbo , Zhao Runbo , Zhou Qiang , Kong Wenhan , Liu Meiling , Zhang Youyu , Sun Xuping , Gong Feng (Frank)
Published: February 2019

Oxygen-doped hollow carbon microtubes electrocatalyze the N2-to-NH3 fixation with a faradaic efficiency of 9.1% and a NH3 yield rate of 25.12 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.80 V and −0.85 V vs. RHE, respectively.
Designing redder and brighter fluorophores by synergistic tuning of ground and excited states
Authors: Chen Cheng , Baranov Mikhail S. , Zhu Liangdong , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Zaitseva Snizhana O. , Yampolsky Ilia V. , Solntsev Kyril M. , Fang Chong
Published: February 2019

We devise a unique “double-donor–one-acceptor” strategy to effectively tune the “dark” GFP-core outside protein matrix into redder and brighter fluorophores.
Aldehyde effect and ligand discovery in Ru-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling of alcohols to esters
Authors: Jiang Xiaolin , Zhang Jiahui , Zhao Dongmei , Li Yuehui
Published: February 2019

An aldehyde effect was discovered and utilized for ligand design in dehydrogenation reactions using PN(H)P pincer ligands.
Intermolecular energy flows between surface molecules on metal nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jiebo , Zhang Yufan , Zheng Junrong
Published: February 2019

Three model systems are designed to investigate energy transport between molecules on metal nanoparticle surfaces.
Ultrafast electronic relaxations from the S3 state of pyrene
Authors: Noble Jennifer A. , Aupetit Christian , Descamps Dominique , Petit Stéphane , Simon Aude , Mascetti Joëlle , Ben Amor Nadia , Blanchet Valérie
Published: February 2019

The ultrafast relaxation occurring in pyrene upon excitation at 4.68 eV was studied in a supersonic gas-jet fs pump–probe experiment.
Exploring Norrish type I and type II reactions: an ab initio mechanistic study highlighting singlet-state mediated chemistry
Authors: Marchetti Barbara , Karsili Tolga N. V. , Ashfold Michael N. R.
Published: February 2019

Norrish reactions are important photo-induced reactions in mainstream organic chemistry and are implicated in many industrially and biologically relevant processes and in the processing of carbonyl molecules in the atmosphere.
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study of pesticides removal from water using novel glucamine-calix[4]arene functionalized magnetic graphene oxide
Authors: Nodeh Hamid Rashidi , Kamboh Muhammad Afzal , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Jume Binta Hadi , Sereshti Hassan , Sanagi Mohd Marsin
Published: February 2019

New nanocomposite composed of Fe3O4, graphene oxide and meglumine functionalized with calix[4]arene successfully used for pesticides removal.
Utilising excited state organic anions for photoredox catalysis: activation of (hetero)aryl chlorides by visible light-absorbing 9-anthrolate anions
Authors: Schmalzbauer Matthias , Ghosh Indrajit , König Burkhard
Published: February 2019

A novel photocatalytic concept based on photoexcitation of an organic anionic ground state catalyst for direct C–H (het)arylations using (het)aryl chlorides.
Upgrading of pyrolytic lignin into hexamethylbenzene with high purity: demonstration of the “all-to-one” biochemical production strategy in thermo-chemical conversion
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Li Mingrui , Fang Yunming
Published: February 2019

High purity (>99%) hexamethylbenzene (HMB) was successfully prepared from pyrolytic lignin over commercially available γ-alumina based on quantum chemistry calculation and model compound investigation results.
Alcoholysis of polyethylene terephthalate to produce dioctyl terephthalate using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as efficient catalysts
Authors: Zhou Lei , Lu Xingmei , Ju Zhaoyang , Liu Bo , Yao Haoyu , Xu Junli , Zhou Qing , Hu Yufeng , Zhang Suojiang
Published: February 2019

To prepare DOTP more cheaply and efficiently, PET was used as a raw material and a ChCl-based DES was synthesized as a catalyst.
Cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membranes customized with bio-inspired polydopamine coating and in situ immobilization of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Sri Abirami Saraswathi Meenakshi Sundaram , Rana Dipak , Alwarappan Subbiah , Gowrishankar Shanmugaraj , Kanimozhi Paramasivam , Nagendran Alagumalai
Published: February 2019

Schematic representation of the surface modification of cellulose acetate membranes with self-polymerized dopamine and in situ immobilization of AgNPs.
A comprehensive spectroscopic and computational investigation on the binding of the anti-asthmatic drug triamcinolone with serum albumin
Authors: Siddiqui Sharmin , Ameen Faisal , Jahan Ishrat , Nayeem Shahid M. , Tabish Mohammad
Published: February 2019

Binding study of triamcinolone with BSA through in vitro and in silico approaches, helping in the development of drugs with better therapeutic efficacy.
Borane phosphonate DNA: a versatile unnatural internucleotide linkage
Authors: Kundu Rajen
Published: February 2019

Borane phosphonate DNA is a promising molecule for biological applications as well as post-synthesis DNA modification, including DNA functionalization.
Urea-assisted template-less synthesis of heavily nitrogen-doped hollow carbon fibers for the anode material of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jang Joonyoung , Kim Hee-eun , Kang Suhee , Bang Jin Ho , Lee Caroline Sunyong
Published: February 2019

A unique decomposition pathway of urea involving gas evolution was exploited as a way to introduce voids and mesopores into one-dimensional carbon nanofibers.
Oligofluorene with multiple spiro-connections: its and their use in blue and white OLEDs
Authors: Xia Debin , Duan Chunbo , Liu Shihui , Ding Dongxue , Baumgarten Martin , Wagner Manfred , Schollmeyer Dieter , Xu Hui , Müllen Klaus
Published: February 2019

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of super rigid oligofluorenes. We also demonstrate their applications in blue and white OLEDs.
Design and synthesis of a novel colorimetric fluorescent probe for the selective detection of sulfur dioxide in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and its applications in traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Yang Lili , Liu Mofan , Sheng Kangjia , Li Xiaolu , Du Junli , Ning Yaoyao , Wang Xiaoqing , Li Jianli , Zhang Yongmin , Wu Shaoping
Published: February 2019

A fast response time, low limit of detection and high fluorescence quantum yield probe DTCC was designed and synthesized to detect SO2 derivatives based on coumarin-thiophene dye which was fused with a coumarin moiety and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde.
Catalytic mechanism of mevalonate kinase revisited, a QM/MM study
Authors: McClory James , Lin Jun-Tang , Timson David J. , Zhang Jian , Huang Meilan
Published: February 2019

Catalytically active structure of Mevalonate kinase in complex with the ATP and the mevalonate substrate.
Breaking the equilibrium at the interface: microwave-assisted reactive distillation (MARD)
Authors: Li Hong , Meng Ying , Shu Dandan , Zhao Zhenyu , Yang Yongjin , Zhang Jinsong , Li Xingang , Fan Xiaolei , Gao Xin
Published: February 2019

In microwave-assisted reactive distillation, the selective heating of the water content at the liquid–vapour interface intensifies the evaporation of water molecules.
The shape of pinned forced polymer loops
Authors: Huang Wenwen , Zaburdaev Vasily
Published: February 2019

In this work, we provide analytical theory to describe shapes of pinned polymer loops under external force.
Harnessing entropy to enhance toughness in reversibly crosslinked polymer networks
Authors: Tito Nicholas B. , Creton Costantino , Storm Cornelis , Ellenbroek Wouter G.
Published: February 2019

Entropy drives reversible crosslinks to cluster around permanent crosslinks in a polymer gel, toughening the material without alteration of elasticity.
Single-component molecular conductor [Pt(dmdt)2]—a three-dimensional ambient-pressure molecular Dirac electron system
Authors: Zhou Biao , Ishibashi Shoji , Ishii Tatsuru , Sekine Takahiko , Takehara Ryosuke , Miyagawa Kazuya , Kanoda Kazushi , Nishibori Eiji , Kobayashi Akiko
Published: February 2019

[Pt(dmdt)2], an air-stable single-component molecular conductor, contains massless Dirac electrons and carries Dirac nodal lines at ambient pressure.
Acetylene-based two-step diastereoselective synthesis of bridgehead dihydro-oxadiazines using ketones and hydrazine as the only reactants
Authors: Schmidt Elena Yu. , Semenova Nadezhda V. , Ivanova Elena V. , Tatarinova Inna V. , Ushakov Igor’ A. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: February 2019

Bridgehead dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazines are synthesized by the acid-catalyzed diastereoselective reaction of hydrazine with 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes, the products of the superbase-promoted self-organization of acetylene with ketones.
Gfp chromophore integrated conjugated microporous polymers: topological and ESPT effects on emission properties
Authors: Singh Ashish , Samanta Debabrata , Boro Mrinal , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: February 2019

Covalent linking of the red emissive gfp chromophore in a conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) displays green emission similar to natural gfp due to topological effects.
In situ synthesis of a high-performance bismuth oxide based composite cathode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Fang Wei , Yang Tianrang , Huang Kevin
Published: February 2019

A composite cathode consisting of fluorite (Bi0.75Y0.25)0.93Ce0.07O1.5±δ and perovskite La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 is synthesized by in situ single-step phase formation and microstructure assembly.
Triazine-based molecular glasses frustrate the crystallization of barbiturates
Authors: Laventure Audrey , Lauzon Dominic , Pellerin Christian , Lebel Olivier
Published: February 2019

Hydrogen bonding is a key element in crystal engineering to direct crystal packing. Here, hydrogen bonding with molecular glasses is rather exploited to thwart crystallization.
Synergetic promotion by oxygen doping and Ca decoration on graphene for CO2 selective adsorption
Authors: Liu Anqi , Long Jun , Yuan Shandong , Cen Wanglai , Li Jianjun
Published: February 2019

The graphene functionalized with Ca decoration and O doping can synergistically promote selective adsorption of CO2 over disturbances.
Assembly, disassembly and reassembly: a “top-down” synthetic strategy towards hybrid, mixed-metal {Mo10Co6} POM clusters
Authors: Healy Colm , Steuber Friedrich W. , Wix Paul , Macreadie Lauren K. , Kathalikkattil Amal Cherian , Schmitt Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

Top-down, synthetic approaches provide new pathways to functionalised hybrid polyoxometalates (POMs).
Reactivity of a β-diketiminate-supported magnesium alkyl complex toward small molecules
Authors: Ren Wenshan , Zhang Shaohui , Xu Ziyi , Ma Xuebing
Published: February 2019

The reactivity of the butylmagnesium complex toward various small molecules has been investigated.
Salts accelerate the switching kinetics of a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) [2]rotaxane
Authors: Andersen Sissel S. , Saad Afaf W. , Kristensen Rikke , Pedersen Teis S. , O'Driscoll Luke J. , Flood Amar H. , Jeppesen Jan O.
Published: February 2019

The switching speed of a bistable [2]rotaxane upon oxidation is found to be increased in the presence of added salts.
Correction: Highly porous core–shell chitosan beads with superb immobilization efficiency for Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase and production of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Charoenwongpaiboon Thanapon , Wangpaiboon Karan , Pichyangkura Rath , Prousoontorn Manchumas Hengsakul
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Highly porous core–shell chitosan beads with superb immobilization efficiency for Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase and production of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides’ by Thanapon Charoenwongpaiboon et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 17008–17016.
Designing biomimetic liquid diodes
Authors: Li Jiaqian , Song Yuxin , Zheng Huanxi , Feng Shile , Xu Wanghai , Wang Zuankai
Published: February 2019

Just as the innovation of electronic diodes that allow the current to flow in one direction provides a foundation for the development of digital technologies, the engineering of surfaces or devices that allow the directional and spontaneous transport of fluids, termed liquid diodes, is highly desired in a wide spectrum of applications ranging from medical microfluidics, advanced printing, heat management and water collection to oil–water separation.
Antibody specificity and promiscuity
Authors: Jain Deepti , Salunke Dinakar M.
Published: February 2019

The immune system is capable of making antibodies against anything that is foreign, yet it does not react against components of self. In that sense, a fundamental requirement of the body's immune defense is specificity. Remarkably, this ability to specifically attack foreign antigens is directed even against antigens that have not been encountered a priori by the immune system. The specificity of an antibody for the foreign antigen evolves through an iterative process of somatic mutations followed by selection. There is, however, accumulating evidence that the antibodies are often functionally promiscuous or multi-specific which can lead to their binding to more than one antigen. An important cause of antibody cross-reactivity is molecular mimicry. Molecular mimicry has been implicated in the generation of autoimmune response. When foreign antigen shares similarity with the component of self, the antibodies generated could result in an autoimmune response. The focus of this review is to capture the contrast between specificity and promiscuity and the structural mechanisms employed by the antibodies to accomplish promiscuity, at the molecular level. The conundrum between the specificity of the immune system for foreign antigens on the one hand and the multi-reactivity of the antibody on the other has been addressed. Antibody specificity in the context of the rapid evolution of the antigenic determinants and molecular mimicry displayed by antigens are also discussed.
Aggregate interference from white space devices into digital terrestrial television receivers
Authors: Lima Mauro V. , Fortes José Mauro P.
Published: February 2019

The cognitive radio devices operating in the digital terrestrial television (DTT) frequency band, known as white space devices (WSDs), use the free DTT channels under the condition that they do not cause interference above the limit set by the regulator. In 2015, the UK regulatory authority, Office of Communications (Ofcom), published the first European regulation allowing WSD systems to operate in the DTT band. It defines a methodology to calculate the maximum WSD transmission power based on single‐entry interference. It does not guarantee, however, that the co‐channel aggregate interference produced by the WSDs operating in the same region satisfies the intersystem interference limit. In addition, to define the maximum intersystem interference, the Ofcom methodology does not use the same criterion as that used in DTT system planning for the intrasystem interference. This work develops a new methodology for calculating the WSD transmission powers that solve the problems identified in the Ofcom regulation. Based on this methodology, a new WSD admission procedure that guarantees the protection of the DTT receivers from the WSD aggregate interference is proposed. It is compared to two other admission procedures based on the Ofcom regulation and Electronic Communications Committee report 186, respectively.
Flow aggregation for SDN‐based delay‐insensitive traffic control in mobile core networks
Authors: Minh Quang Tran , Van Le An , Dang Tran Khanh , Nam Thoai , Kitahara Takeshi
Published: February 2019

Mobile core networks have seen serious network resource contention among a huge amount of delay‐sensitive and delay‐insensitive traffic leading to network congestion or even failures. Delay‐insensitive traffic which is commonly generated by background applications or the operating systems to update the system's status can be postponed to yield network resources for delay‐sensitive traffic, especially in the peak times. This study proposes an efficient approach to delay‐insensitive traffic control leveraging software defined network (SDN) techniques. The study devises an effective data structure, namely flow tree, to resolve the flow aggregation, an essential issue in SDN‐based traffic control, especially when dealing with a huge number of small delay‐insensitive traffic flows. The proposed approach significantly reduces the inherent communication cost between the controller and Openflow switches and the storage cost in switches' expensive memories. This approach is significantly robust in controlling a huge number of small flows which are common in the modern mobile core networks and Internet of things environments. Experimental results from both simulated and real datasets reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Performance analysis of cache‐enabled wireless networks considering stochastic geometry approach
Authors: Enamipour Leila , Zeinalpour‐Yazdi Zolfa , Khalaj Babak Hossein
Published: February 2019

Caching of the popular content in the storages of local nodes near to the users has been proposed as a promising approach to handle the network data traffic and the backhaul constraint of access points in the cellular networks. These local storages, also called caches or helpers nodes, are the nodes with the limited communication range but with considerable storage capacities which are generally established condensed to realise the above goals. This dense distribution makes possible the collaboration among the helper nodes for exchanging their embedded files and delivery of the requested files to the users. In this study, to manage the traffic in smaller areas and also to establish more users' accesses to their requested files, clustered dense helper scenario is considered. More precisely, the helper nodes are grouped in disjoint clusters, through the clustering strategy induced by Matern hard core point process. Then the closed‐form expressions based on stochastic geometry are derived for some performance metrics of the network. The analytical derivations are validated with Monte Carlo simulations which also compare two cases of clustered dense helper nodes and fewer helper nodes without clustering scenarios. The results show the advantage of the former from the outage probability perspective.
Equalisation, despreading, and beamforming scenarios of complex spread‐OFDM/OQAM in single‐input multi‐output channels
Authors: Asgari Tabatabaee Seyyed Mohammad Javad , Towliat Mohammad , Rajabzadeh Morteza
Published: February 2019

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM/OQAM) is a promising multicarrier system, which can achieve a better bandwidth efficiency than cyclic prefix (CP)‐OFDM. However, OFDM/OQAM suffers from an inherent interference. Since in OFDM/OQAM, the data symbols are real‐valued, the pure imaginary self‐interference can be eliminated by removing the imaginary part of the received signal. On the other hand, in the literature, it is shown that even for complex‐valued data symbols, the self‐interference can be eliminated if a spreading code is employed. The resulted scheme is called spread‐OFDM/OQAM. In this study, we extend spread‐OFDM/OQAM for single‐input multi‐output channels. In case of multiple antennas, at the receiver after demodulation, the following processes must be performed: equalisation (to remove the channel effect), despreading of spreaded symbols, and beamforming of multiple antennas. We propose three scenarios to apply the mentioned processes. In the first scenario, despreading, equalisation, and beamforming are performed jointly in one step. In the second scenario, despreading and equalisation are accomplished jointly and then beamforming is performed. In the last scenario, each of those processes is applied separately. We compare the complexity of the proposed approaches. Also their performance is evaluated through simulations in terms of bit error rate.
Multistage spectrum sensing scheme with SNR estimation
Authors: Mu Junsheng , Jing Xiaojun , Xie Jianxiao , Zhang Yangying
Published: February 2019

Multistage detection has inspired a heated debate due to its capacity to take full advantage of each detector. Motivated by this, an investigation into multistage spectrum sensing is conducted and a two‐stage spectrum detector is proposed based on energy detector and covariance absolute value (CAV) detector here. The two‐stage spectrum detector periodically determines which detector is appropriate for current radio environment according to the comparison between estimated SNR and SNR threshold provided here. The total blindness of CAV detector and available noise variance by SNR estimation scheme results in the blindness of the proposed detector to the characteristics of observed signal and noise. Simultaneously, the proposed scheme balances the sensing complexity and detection accuracy and provides higher practicability in consequence. Simulations validate the performance of the proposed method.
QoS adaptive and energy aware cross‐layer opportunistic routing protocol in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Huamei Qi , Tao Jiang , Su Jiang , Zhiwen Zeng , Wangping Xiong
Published: February 2019

Wireless sensor network (WSN) can reduce human labour and monitoring difficulties in forest fire prevention and environment monitoring due to its low power consumption, small size, self‐organising, flexible setting, and unattended operation. However, the limited WSN hardware resources and power capacity, the practical application requirements such as real‐time monitoring and timely warning of emergencies, pose higher challenges to WSN on its lifespan, reliability, and real‐time performance. This paper proposes a QoS adaptive and energy aware cross‐layer opportunistic routing protocol (QE‐COR). The protocol sets an adaptive QoS function Qi comprehensively considering multiple metrics, through which the best forwarding node can be selected, and the QoS of transmission can adaptively adjust according to the data's needs. The protocol can also select a standby node to start retransmission when forwarding errors occur. A RTS‐QACK and an ASS‐DATA‐SACK response mechanisms are designed to improve the transmission efficiency and avoid message conflicts. The sleep mechanism of MAC layer related with node's working state enables dynamical switching between active and sleep modes, which improves the energy utilisation and the flexibility of the network. Compared with similar opportunistic routing protocols, QE‐COR can improve energy utilisation and extend network lifetime, while ensuring transmission reliability and end‐to‐end delay performance.
Activity assessment of small drug molecules in estrogen receptor using multilevel prediction model
Authors: Gupta Vishan Kumar , Rana Prashant Singh
Published: February 2019

The authors have proposed an efficient multilevel prediction model for better activity assessment to test whether certain chemical compounds can disrupt processes in the human body that may create negative health effects. Here, a computational method (in‐silico) is proposed for the quality prediction of drugs in terms of their activity, activity score, potency, and efficacy for estrogen receptors (ERs) by using various physicochemical properties (molecular descriptors). PaDEL‐Descriptor is used for features extraction. The ER dataset has 8481 drug molecules where 1084 are active, and 7397 are inactive, and each drug molecule has 1444 features. This dataset is highly imbalanced and has a substantial number of features. Initially, a class imbalance problem is resolved through synthetic minority oversampling technique algorithm, and feature selection is done using FSelector library of R. A machine learning based multilevel prediction model is developed where classification is performed on its first level and regression on its second level. By using all these strategies simultaneously, outperformed accuracy is achieved in comparison to many other computational approaches. The K ‐fold cross‐validation is performed to measure the consistency of the model for all the target classes. Finally, the validity of the proposed method on some AIDS therapy's drug molecules is proved.
Water delivery by pebble accretion to rocky planets in habitable zones in evolving disks
Authors: Ida Shigeru , Yamamura Takeru , Okuzumi Satoshi
Published: February 2019

Context.The ocean mass of the Earth is only 2.3 × 10−4of the whole planet mass. Even including water in the interior, the water fraction would be at most 10−3−10−2. Ancient Mars may have had a similar or slightly smaller water fraction. What controlled the amount of water in these planets has not been clear, although several models have been proposed. It is important to clarify the control mechanism to discuss water delivery to rocky planets in habitable zones in exoplanetary systems, as well as that to Earth and Mars in our solar system.

Aims.We consider water delivery to planets by icy pebbles after the snowline inwardly passes planetary orbits. We derive the water mass fraction (fwater) of the final planet as a function of disk parameters and discuss the parameters that reproduce a small value offwatercomparable to that inferred for the Earth and ancient Mars.

Methods.We calculated the growth of icy dust grains to pebbles and the pebble radial drift with a 1D model, by simultaneously solving the snowline migration and dissipation of a gas disk. With the obtained pebble mass flux, we calculated accretion of icy pebbles onto planets after the snowline passage to evaluatefwaterof the planets.

Results.We find thatfwateris regulated by the total mass (Mres) of icy dust materials preserved in the outer disk regions at the timing (t=tsnow) of the snowline passage of the planetary orbit. BecauseMresdecays rapidly after the pebble formation front reaches the disk outer edge (att=tpff),fwateris sensitive to the ratiotsnow∕tpff, which is determined by the disk parameters. We findtsnow∕tpff< 10 or > 10 is important. By evaluatingMresanalytically, we derive an analytical formula offwaterthat reproduces the numerical results.

Conclusions.Using the analytical formula, we find thatfwaterof a rocky planet near 1 au is similar to the Earth, i.e., ~10−4−10−2, in disks with an initial disk size of 30–50 au and an initial disk mass accretion rate of ~(10−8−10−7)M⊙yr−1for disk depletion timescale of approximately a few M yr. Because these disks may be median or slightly compact/massive disks, our results suggest that the water fraction of rocky planets in habitable zones may often be similar to that of the Earth if icy pebble accretion is responsible for water delivery.
PET/CT to Assess Prognosis after a Brain Injury
Authors: Woischneck Dieter , Strasser Theresia , Kempf Barbara , Scher Bernhard , Häring Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

Bei einem komatösen Patienten mit akutem Subduralhämatom ergab die Polytraumaspirale den Verdacht eines pulmonal metastasierenden Nierenkarzinoms, es stand eine Therapiebegrenzung im Raum. Es erfolgte eine Ganzkörper-Positronenemissionstomografie/Computertomografie (PET/CT) mit Fluor-Desoxyglukose. Es zeigten sich die Befunde eines Nierenkarzinoms mit pulmonalen und nodalen Metastasen sowie einer parotidalen Filia. Zerebral konnte, bei perifokalem Hypermetabolismus, eine Metastase nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die Therapie wurde begrenzt. Die PET/CT ist beim Bewusstlosen zur Einschätzung eines malignen Grundleidens möglich und sinnvoll.
Neue Techniken in der Pflege nutzen
Authors: Pitschke Christiane
Published: February 2019

Aus der heutigen Welt ist Technik nicht mehr wegzudenken – ob bei
Freizeitaktivitäten, in puncto Mobilität oder in der häuslichen Umgebung. Und
auch in der Pflegebranche kann sie Lösungsansätze für viele drängende
Probleme bieten. Diskutieren Sie mit beim Deutschen Pflegetag vom 14. bis 16.
März 2019 in der STATION-Berlin.
Einheitliche Personalbemessung
Authors: Lux Vera , Buschina Kai-Uwe
Published: February 2019

Da es meist kein anerkanntes einheitliches Personalbemessungssystem in der Pflege
gibt, werden unterschiedliche Methoden zur Berechnung verwendet. In der Folge
fehlt es an Transparenz und Akzeptanz. Das hat die Uniklinik Köln nun
geändert.
Sokrat II – An International, Prospective, Multicenter, Phase IV Diagnostic Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of the Wrist SAFE Algorithm in Fracture Sonography of Distal Forearm Fractures in Children
Authors: Ackermann Ole , Wojciechowski Piotr , Dzierzega Maria , Grosser Kay , Schmitz-Franken Ansgar , Rudolf Henrik , Eckert Kolja
Published: February 2019

Background Distal forearm fractures are the most common fractures in childhood and can be diagnosed with ultrasound. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the eligibility of Wrist SAFE for clinical use and the avoidance of X-ray application in children.

Methods We enrolled patients from 0 – 12 years with suspected distal forearm fractures. They were treated according to the Wrist SAFE algorithm, a detailed pathway for ultrasound fracture diagnosis, treatment decisions and control options. Additionally, 9 clinical predictors were tested. Depending on sonographic and clinical findings, patients were treated with functional movement, immobilization or surgery. Follow-up was conducted after 5 days and 3 months.

Results 16 physicians (6 specialists, 10 assistants) at 5 study sites examined 498 (234 boys, 251 girls, 13 not specified) patients with ultrasound, age 8.4 (0 – 12) years. 321 (64 %) patients were diagnosed with a fracture, 5 (0.8 %) with suspected fracture; X-rays were conducted in 58 cases (12 %), 9 (1.8 %) of them on day 1 and 49 (9.8 %) on day 5; sonographic diagnosis was confirmed in 57 of 58 (98 %) cases; in one case, the sonographic diagnosis of “contusion” was revised to “radius fracture”. 381 patients (77 %) underwent final follow-up after an average of 96 (62 – 180) days. All patients were symptom-free at that time. Palpatory bone pain over the radius/ulna and swelling were identified as clinical predictors. 81 % of X-rays were avoided.

Conclusion Wrist SAFE enables the safe diagnosis and therapy of distal forearm fractures in children. Findings can be reviewed safely, also enabling physicians in training to use the method. 81 % of X-rays can be avoided, a figure that corresponds to 2.8 million X-rays in the G10 member states. After performing 100 examinations, physician have acquired the necessary sonography skills.
Charité: „Berlin bietet ein einmaliges Umfeld“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: February 2019

Zum 1. September tritt Prof. Heyo Kroemer seinen Posten als neuer Vorstandsvorsitzender der Berliner Charité an. Im Interview mit kma erzählt der derzeitige Chef der Uniklinik Göttingen, warum es ihn an die Spree zieht, welche Herausforderungen er dort erwartet und warum die Digitalisierung für ihn eine Schlüsselfrage ist.
Lohfert-Preis 2019: Digitale Konzepte für Pflege gesucht
Authors: Hauck Julia
Published: February 2019

Die Christoph Lohfert Stiftung schreibt den mit 20 000 Euro dotierten Lohfert-Preis 2019 zum Thema „Mehr Zeit für den Patienten – digitale Konzepte zur Entlastung der Pflege“ aus.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: February 2019

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken
Keine Herausgabe interner Unterlagen
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: February 2019

Das Oberlandesgericht (OLG) Karlsruhe weist die Klage einer Patientin auf Einsicht in interne Unterlagen eines Krankenhauses ab. Ihr Auskunftsverlangen auf Basis vager Vermutungen sei unberechtigt, so die Richter.
Harte Zeiten für Alphatiere: Eine neue Generation erobert die Führungsetage
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: February 2019

Krankenhauskonzerne besetzen die Geschäftsführungen ihrer Kliniken zunehmend mit sehr jungen Geschäftsführern. Das ist auch aus der Not geboren, doch es bringt den dringend notwendigen Kulturwandel in Gang.
Neue Asklepios-Studie: Sind Qualitätsberichte der Kliniken für die Tonne?
Authors: Schell Franz Jürgen
Published: February 2019

Qualitätsberichte sind für Krankenhäuser gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Sie werden mit viel Zeit und Sorgfalt erstellt und beinhalten viele wichtige Informationen – aber für wen überhaupt? Die Patienten jedenfalls lassen sie kalt. Gerade einmal sechs Prozent haben sie bisher als Entscheidungsgrundlage für ihre Klinikwahl genutzt. In der Region Hamburg sind es sogar nur vier Prozent.
Palliativversorgung in Kliniken: „Die Deutschen wollen zu Hause sterben“
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: February 2019

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang George, wissenschaftlicher Leiter des Projektbereichs für Versorgungsforschung und Beratung der TransMIT Beratungsgesellschaft spricht mit kma über die aktuelle Studie zur Situation sterbender Menschen in deutschen Krankenhäusern und Pflegeeinrichtungen.
Arbeitsabläufe Verbessern: Digitale Begleiter
Authors: Henkel Andreas G.
Published: February 2019

Initiativen zur Digitalisierung beschäftigen viele Unternehmen und auch Kliniken. Immer wieder ist von hohem Bedarf die Rede. Allerdings wirft das automatisch die Frage auf, was konkret eigentlich mit solchen Initiativen erreicht werden soll.
Ärztlicher Führungsnachwuchs: Oberärzte händeringend gesucht
Authors: Martin Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

Wollen Krankenhäuser heutzutage eine Oberarztpositon besetzen, brauchen sie unter Umständen einen langen Atem. Dass Vakanzen auf der zweiten Führungsebene länger als ein Jahr bestehen bleiben, ist keine Seltenheit mehr. Was heißt das für die Zukunft?
MDK-Prüfung: Wie Kliniken Anfragen des MDK bereits im Vorfeld vermeiden können
Authors: Jarnicki Peter Michael , Vohburger Dagmar
Published: February 2019

Die MDK-Prüfungen sind ein Dauerreizthema zwischen Krankenhäusern und Krankenkassen. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen erbrachten Leistungen und Vergütung geht es um viel Geld, aber auch um erheblichen administrativen und personellen Ressourcenaufwand. Die richtige Software hilft, Erlöse zu sichern.
Neue Logistik fürs Kaufmännische: Medizintechnik kaufen mit knappen Budgets
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: February 2019

Ralf Bannwarth ist Leiter des Geschäftsbereiches Einkauf und Medizintechnik bei den Alb Fils Kliniken – und was er dort entwickelt hat, könnte so manch anderer Klinik bald als Vorbild dienen. Bannwarth nennt sein Projekt liebevoll „SEBPL“. kma sprach mit ihm über seinen „Strategischen Ersatzbeschaffungsplan Medizintechnik“.
Weiterbildung 3.0: Der „Flugsimulator“ für Chirurgen
Authors: Münzberg Matthias , Grützner Alfred , Seifert Julia , Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: February 2019

Das Arbeitszeitgesetz, ein zunehmender Fachkräftemangel sowie wirtschaftlicher Druck im Sinne von Strukturvorgaben (OP-Zahlen, OP-Auslastung etc.) machen es für viele Kliniken im Alltag schwierig, eine gute Weiterbildung zu gewährleisten. Die BG Kliniken haben mit dem weltweit ersten Fraktursimulationskurs die „Weiterbildung 3.0“ eingeleitet.