bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metástasis muscular de adenocarcinoma gástrico: A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rodríguez García Pablo , Balsalobre Salmerón María , García López Arancha , García Marcilla José Antonio , Vázquez Rojas José Luis
Published: August 2021

Los pacientes diagnosticados de adenocarcinoma gástrico pueden desarrollar metástasis hepáticas o carcinomatosis peritoneal, pero la presencia de metástasis musculares es extremadamente infrecuente, con muy pocos casos descritos.  Presentamos a una paciente de 44 años con una tumoración dolorosa en miembro superior izquierdo. Fue tratada un año antes de un adenocarcinoma gástrico con cirugía y quimioterapia. Mediante pruebas de imagen y biopsia, se le diagnosticó metástasis muscular única de adenocarcinoma gástrico, siendo intervenida realizando exéresis quirúrgica.
Linfadenectomía inguinal por video endoscopia (VEIL) para el manejo de cáncer vulvar en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Bogotá, Colombia)
Authors: Suescun Oscar , Hernández Jairo , Torres Jarol , Rodríguez Juliana , Vieira Santiago
Published: August 2021

El cáncer de vulva representa el 2% al 5% de todos los cánceres ginecológicos a nivel mundial, dentro de los cuales, el más frecuente es el carcinoma escamocelular seguido por el melanoma. La cirugía es la piedra angular en el tratamiento de la neoplasia vulvar, y la evaluación del estado ganglionar es un poderoso predictor de supervivencia. La linfadenectomía inguino-femoral hace parte de las estrategias de tratamiento. La aproximación quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva por video endoscopia (VEIL) es una alternativa a la vía abierta que disminuye la morbilidad postoperatoria como dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica, linfocele, linfedema, infección y deterioro psicosexual. A continuación, se describe la técnica quirúrgica VEIL como abordaje novedoso en Colombia para el manejo de la neoplasia vulvar.
FIRST FINDING OF WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS HEID. (HETEROPTERA, COREIDAE) IN ARMENIA
Authors: Kalashian M. Yu. , Ghrejyan T. L. , Karagyan G. H.
Published: August 2021

Data on the first registration of conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis in Armenia are presented. Penetration of the species from Georgia due to self-dependent expansion or unintentional delivery is presumed.
ESTIMATE THE PROPORTION OF MRSA AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION ALONG WITH ITS ANTIBIOGRAM IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT AGARTALA, TRIPUR
Authors: Ghosh Puja , Ghosh Lija , Majumdar Tapan
Published: August 2021

Background: Generally, gram-negative bacteria are the most common uropathogenic bacteria causing
UTI, as per recent ndings gram-positive bacteria also equally responsible for the UTI. As they have a
plethora of pathogenic virulence factors that are highly responsible to give rise to severe UTI infection. Moreover, a betalactamase-producing gram-positive organism such as Staphylococcus aureus is often associated with high resistance to a
wide class of antibiotics. There are few studies regarding the UTI infection-causing by the multi-drug resistant strain of Staph
aureus called MRSA in Tripura Northeast India. This study aimed to determine the proportion of MRSA causing UTI in Tertiary
care hospitals at Agartala Tripura.
Materials and method – Mid-stream urine specimens were collected from patients suspected to be having UTI. Well, the mixed
sample of urine was inoculated on specic culture media and all the isolates were identied as staphylococci by Gram
staining, catalase test, coagulase test, and other biochemical reactions required for the identication of S.aureus and as per
the CLSI guidelines we have studied the antibiogram of S.aureus and we have detected the MRSA by cefoxitin disc diffusion
method.
Result: in our present study 650 midstream urine samples were collected and processed. Out of the total 650 urine samples
91(14%) yielded growth on culture media and out of the 91 positive cases Staphylococcus aureus infected UTI cases were
12(13%) and among the 12 S.aureus positive isolates 6(50%) isolates were MSSA and other 6(50%) isolates were MRSA. Here in
our study vancomycin(100%), doxycycline(83%), Nitrofurantoin(100%), Linezolid(83%) found to be very effective drugs for the
treatment of MRSA, and most importantly here in this region of northeast only 6.5% of the total UTI patients affected by the
MRSA which means the ratio of UTI infection by MRSA is low in this region.
CONCLUSION: This study will be useful to update the policy of the empirical drugs in our hospital and at the same time, it will
also help to control the unnecessary use of antibiotics to treat UTI patients
CAN ULTRASOUND ALONE SUFFICE IN THE EVALUATION OF ACUTE ABDOMEN IN ADULTS – A COMPARATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY VERSUS ULTRASOUND (HOSPITAL BASED) STUDY
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Awasthi Swati , Jaiswal Vaibhav , Gupta Mallika
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to study the role of ultrasound and computed tomography in
evaluation of acute abdomen and to assess whether ultrasound alone will sufce in majority situations,
so that radiation exposure may be minimized.
MATERIALS AND METHODS This institutional review board approved prospective observational study comprised of 50 adult
patients attending the emergency department for non-traumatic acute abdominal pain less than 3 days of duration. The
radiological evaluation with US and CT scan (Non contrast and contrast enhanced) of abdomen was done at radiology
department of Sharda hospital. The exclusion criteria were trauma and pregnancy. The equipments used were Ultrasound with
color Doppler PHILIPS EPIQ 7G and CT Scan - GE Optima 660 - 128 slice CT Scanner with slice thickness of 0.6 mm.
RESULTS The overall sensitivity of US was 74% and that of CT was 96.15% with insignicant difference (p value – 0.018). Also,
the sensitivity of US compared to CT in diagnosing common etiologies of acute abdomen namely acute cholecystitis, acute
appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis and ureteric calculi sensitivity did not differ signicantly. CT was necessary
only in patients with retro-caecal appendicitis, bowel obstruction cases for dening the transition point and in patients with
pancreatitis to obtain the CT Severity index.
CONCLUSION We propose that US should remain the primary imaging modality in all patients of acute abdomen in order to
prevent radiation exposure, especially as it was found to have a sensitivity comparable to CT, in majority of the clinical
situations. Moreover, it is a more cost-effective investigation. Therefore, CT should be reserved only for the minority of clinical
situations where US is signicantly inconclusive.
SURVEY ON PATIENT SATISFACTION AND KNOWLEDGE ON REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA.
Authors: GNS Sravanthi , Madhusudhana Ravi
Published: August 2021

Background: Health care quality assurance was gained importance since the 18th century and patient's
satisfaction about the surgery and anaesthesia plays an important role in this. And hence proper
assessment of the patient satisfaction for the anaesthesia is essential to alter and deliver the needed service.
Objective: Toevaluate the patient's satisfaction including pre-op visit, intra-op awareness, post-op pain management and
impression on anaesthetic team.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 214 patient receiving regional anaesthesia in a tertiary care
hospital, Pondicherry.
Results: The overall satisfaction about the information about the anaesthesia was seen among 61.7% of the participants. 67.3%
and 89.7% of the study participants had overall satisfaction about the pain and post-operative nausea and vomiting therapy.
72% of the study participants were satised with the department and 64.9% would recommend anaesthesia service to others.
Conclusion: The satisfaction of the patient plays a pivotal role in the overall quality of health care. The perception of
anaesthesia has shown to be poor in studies and hence steps to alleviate such fears should be addressed properly.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ONLAY AND RETRORECTUS MESH REPAIR IN THE TREATMENT OF INCISIONAL HERNIAS
Authors: Yashwanth S. , Dayakar S.
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION: Over the years, surgeons tried the placement of mesh at different locations like On-lay,
Under-lay, Sub-lay and pre-peritoneal, retroperitoneal intraperitoneal, Inter-muscular, etc. with each
procedure having its advantages and disadvantages. Commonly Onlay and sub lay mesh repairs are done. Though the
literature says, sub lay procedures have fewer complications and a high success rate. However, in a few studies, the ideal
position for mesh repair appears to be retro muscular, where the force of abdominal pressure holds the mesh against deep
surfaces of muscles. In this study, a comparison of both Onlay and retro rectus procedures with regards to the duration of
surgery, postoperative complications like seroma, wound infection, wound dehiscence, and also the period of postoperative
stay in the hospital. The aim of the study is To compare 'Onlay' versus 'retro rectus' mesh repair in inuencing the outcome in
incisional hernia with regards to Duration of surgery, Postoperative complications like seroma formation, wound infection,
Postoperative stay, Recurrences. PATIENTS AND METHODOLOGY: Type of Study: A Prospective comparative study Study
Setting: Department of general surgery, Narayana Medical College & Hospital, Nellore.Study Period: November 2018 to
September 2020 Study Sample: 50 cases, divided into two groups by random allocation technique. Groups A and B with 25
patients in each group. RESULTS: The mean age of cases in Group A is 40.48 years. The mean age of patients in Group B is
44.08 years. Youngest was 31 years and 36 years in group A and group B, respectively, and the eldest was 51 years and 53 years
in group A and group B, respectively. In Group A, 11 were male, and 14 were female, and in Group B, 11 were male, and 14 were
female. The male to female ratio in the study was 1:1.27. The mean Operative Time in Group A was 1.93 Hrs, and that in Group B
was 2.98Hrs. Nine patients (36%) in group A and one patient (4%) in group B had seroma formation. Eight patients (32%) in
group A and one patient (4%) in group B had a wound infection. The mean Hospital Stay in Group A was 5.44 Days, and Group
B was 4.88 days. No short-term recurrences were noted in either of the two groups when followed for six months. CONCLUSION :
Retrorectus mesh repair is an excellent alternative to Onlay mesh repair that may apply to incisional hernia. The mesh-related
overall complication rate like seroma wound infections and hospital stay is less than Onlay mesh repair.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN LIFT PROCEDURE VERSUS SETON PLACEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISTULA IN ANO
Authors: Yashwanth S. , Praneeth T.
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION: A stula-in-ano, is a chronic abnormal communication, usually lined by granulation
tissue, which runs outwards from the anorectal lumen. The standards of anal stula surgery are to
obliterate the stula, prevent recurrence and maintain sphincter work. Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT) is the
most promising surgical technique based on secure closure of the internal opening and removal of the infected crypto
glandular tissue through intersphincteric approach. AIMS: To compare the effectiveness of LIFT over SETON procedure based
on Postoperative pain on day 1 and2, Short term recurrence, Healing, Procedural visits PATIENTS AND METHODS: A
prospective, single centered, interventional study in 60 patients with stula-in-ano admitted to general surgical wards in
Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore. From November 2018 to November 2020. Patients were divided into two
groups, group A including patients undergoing LIFT procedure and group B, including patients undergoing SETON placement
of Fistula-in- ano. RESULTS: Maximum patients were in 41-60 years in the LIFT Group 18(60%), 51-60 years in the SETON group
12(40%). Maximum patients were male 21 in each group (70%), and female were 9 in each group (30%). In the present study,
Visual Analog Scale (0,1,2,3) in LIFT group on POD 1, were 2, 20, 6, 2 and in SETON group on POD 1 were 0, 9, 16, 5 respectively.
Similarly, visual analogue scale (0,1,2,3) in LIFT group on POD 2, were 19.8.3.0 and in SETON group on POD 2 were 5, 20, 5,
0respectively. Patients who underwent LIFT procedure had a satisfactory postoperative period and the wound healed in all the
cases. CONCLUSION: we conclude that LIFT gives good outcomes in terms of Postoperative pain on day 1 and 2, wound
healing rate, single time procedure and recurrence during our short follow-up period of 6 months.
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF THE PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL VERSUS THE PROXIMAL FEMORAL LOCKING PLATE IN SUBTROCHANTERIC FEMORAL FRACTURES.
Authors: Bairwa Dinesh Kumar , Aloria Jitendra , Prasad Vishnu , Tiwari Ashok Kumar
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Subtrochanteric fractures account for 10% to 30% of all hip fractures. The fractures were
repaired with a variety of implants. Direct anatomic reduction or indirect reduction and bridge plating
procedures are also possible with the proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP). Proximal femoral nails (PFN) have been
demonstrated to be superior to other implants due to biomechanical advantages. The goal of this study was to compare the
radiological and functional outcomes of subtrochanteric fractures treated with the proximal femoral nail (PFN) and the
proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP), in order to determine which implant was the best t for the specic fracture pattern.
METHODS: 50 patients with a Subtrochanteric femur fracture were operated on and treated with a proximal femoral nail and a
proximal femoral locking plate (25 in each group). A 24-month follow-up was completed. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and
radiological results were used to determine the outcome. When compared to patients treated wit RESULTS: h a proximal
femoral locking plate, individuals treated with proximal femoral nailing required considerably less time to achieve complete
weight bearing. In patients treated with a proximal femoral locking plate, radiological union was considerably delayed
compared to patients treated with proximal femoral nailing. The average HHS in the nailing group was slightly higher than in
the plating group. PFN have the advantage by taking less operative time, high rate of union, mi CONCLUSION: nimal soft tissue
damage, less infection rate and early postoperative rehabilitation. In our research, we discovered that both PFN and PFLP can
be utilised successfully to treat Subtrochanteric fractures. In terms of anatomical alignment, limb length disparity,
postoperative infection, and, most critically, the nal Harris Hip Score, there was no signicant difference between implants.
EVALUATION OF SERUM TSH IN PREMENOPAUSAL AND POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Saurabh Dadel Elvis Vishal Saurabh , Aziz Tarique , Omega Oraon Asha Premlata
Published: August 2021

Objective- To evaluate and compare the level of TSH in premenopausal women (reproductive age group)
and post-menopausal women. Material And Methods- The study was carried out on 100 premenopausal
and 100 post-menopausal women attending Out Patient Departments at RIMS, Ranchi, during the period of January 2018-
October 2019. Study Design: - Observational Study. Statistics- Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The data
were represented by counts, percentage and mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis of TSH was done by t-test to
compare these parameters in premenopausal and post-menopausal women. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically
signicant. Result- In the present study, we found that the mean serum TSH level in postmenopausal women 2.72 (± 1.06)
uIU/ml was comparatively higher than premenopausal women 2.29 (±1.12) uIU/ml and the difference between the two was
statistically signicant (p<0.001). Conclusion- Thyroid hormones play an important role in maintaining normal reproductive
behaviour by directly effecting on gonadal function and indirectly interacting with sex hormone binding protein. Alteration of
thyroid hormone level leads to menstrual irregularities and infertility. The present study clearly demonstrated that there was
signicant increase in TSH levels in post-menopausal women and was statistically signicant. Thus, it proved that
postmenopausal women are more prone to subclinical hypothyroidism.
HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL HEALTH / HEALTHTECH) START-UPS & COMPANIES IN INDIA – CHALLENGES FACED & WAY FORWARD
Authors: Bruno Mascarenha J.Mariano Anto
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
rd Despitebeingthe 3 LargestStartupecosystemintheworld,thenumber ofSuccessamong
HealthInformationTechnology (DigitalHealth/HealthTech)Start-ups&Companies inIndiais very low.
AIM: To understand the challenges that are unique to Indian Health care and how these hurdles lead to failure and also to give
suggestions for a way forward
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Data available in Public Domain Regarding various startups and companies in this eld
METHODS AND MATERIAL:Various Causes are analyzed and explained.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Not Used.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Startups and companies have failed because they have failed to understand the cardinal
tenets of this eld and have guessed too much and arrived at wrong decisions.
Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en niños en Guatemala
Authors: Gallo-Chuy David , Chúa Carlos , Alvizures Lesly , De-León Alvaro , Díaz Jeny , Escobar Cristyn , Guillén María , Guerra María , Mux Leidy , Sierra Melany
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento epidemiológico de las enfermedades más frecuentes, transmitidas por vectores en niños guatemaltecos entre los años 2015-2019. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, retrospectivo, con datos del Sistema de Información Gerencial de Salud (SIGSA), del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social de Guatemala, (MSPAS). Se determinaron la distribución geográfica por departamentos, los rangos de edad con mayor número de casos y la enfermedad transmitida por vectores con mayor frecuencia en el país. Resultados: del total de casos reportados de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, los niños de 5 a 9 años de edad representaron el 37% de las personas afectadas. El dengue fue la enfermedad más frecuente, 68% del total. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los casos de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores reportados del 2015-2019, corresponden a Dengue con un 68%. El rango de edad más afectado fue de 5 a 9 años, con un 37% de los casos reportados. En el departamento de Guatemala ocurrió la mayor proporción en tres enfermedades.
Mediastinitis necrosante descendente en un niño
Authors: Dionisio-Rivera Jaime , Escobar-Pérez Kenneth
Published: August 2021

La mediastinitis necrosante descendente es una enfermedad rara y posee alta letalidad. Pocos casos se han descrito en adultos y, mucho menos en niños. Presentamos el caso de un niño con esta entidad, sometido a drenaje quirúrgico profundo de absceso retrofaríngeo y  a antibióticos endovenosos dirigidos al germen aislado, Staphylococcus aureus,  y a anaerobios propios de la flora oral. Su desenlace fue satisfactorio.
Symmetric Channel Hopping algorithm for a Cognitive Radio Network in Asynchronous environment
Authors: Mahapatro Arunanshu , Sa sangeeta
Published: August 2021

Rendezvous is a critical step in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) prior to transmission for establishing communication links between secondary users (SUs). Due to the long-term blocking, channel saturation, and scalability issues encountered by dedicated common control channels (CCC) in a distributed CRN, rendezvous is preferable on the available idle channels of the primary users (PUs). In fact, each SU is unaware of the other SUs’ available channel sets, and the blind rendezvous is performed through the channel hopping (CH) process. As a result, ensuring a rendezvous between two SUs in a finite period in an asynchronous environment remains a challenging problem. In this work, a disjoint difference set based CH (DDSCH) method is developed that ensures the highest degree of rendezvous in comparatively less time.
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment with Recommended Alternative Solutions Using the Benefit Cost Analysis Method
Authors: Sandora Rina , Putra Fani Sandy , Anindita Galih
Published: August 2021

Determination of hazard identification and risk assessment on the company can not be separated from the calculation of the cost budget. The aim is to provide recommendations and calculate the profit rate using the Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA) method so that the company will more easily determine the most appropriate and needed alternative in the company. From the incremental analysis calculation, an alternative solution and value obtained from BCA are gas detector H2S B / C ratio 1.14, crane certification B / C ratio 3.66, welding helmet B / C ratio value 5.53, wire rope B / C ratio value of 5.19, O2 detector value of B / C ratio 6.11, small handtruck value of B / C ratio 18.1, fire dry chemical powder B / C ratio value of 22.27, N2 gas detector value of ratio B / C 1.53.
Morte, vela, sentinela
Authors: Camargo de Lima Bianca
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, nosso problema se vincula à tentativa de pensar possíveis razões por que escrever sobre a ditadura militar brasileira em nossa literatura contemporânea. A partir daí, temos como objetivo geral refletir sobre o estatuto do testemunho e de suas implicações no trabalho de luto.  Nosso método de pesquisa é analítico-descritivo de maneira crítica. Nossa base teórica parte, majoritariamente, da Filosofia, da Psicanálise e da Literatura. Num primeiro momento, regressamos às ideias freudianas de luto e melancolia para posterior ponderação sobre ressonâncias com a constelação afetiva do ressentimento. Numa segunda etapa, nos dedicamos a examinar a necropolítica, de Mbembe, a necroética, de Souza, e a categoria de vidas passíveis de luto, de Butler. Por fim, no terceiro tomo, exploramos a possibilidade de testemunho, principalmente, mas não só, a partir das ideias de Agamben, e a revolta do poema, acompanhada de excertos de Flores. Como resultados, em nossas considerações finais, pensamos acerca das potencialidades do luto e do testemunho para a vida política presente, tomando a ditadura militar brasileira como ponto de partida para reflexões filosóficas contemporâneas e para fazeres literários.
Governamentalidade algorítmica e a rarefação dos processos de subjetivação
Authors: Primo Guilherme
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho tem por escopo examinar os conceitos foucaultianos de governamentalidade e dispositivos de segurança, de modo a retomá-los numa abordagem contemporânea, que leve em conta a análise dos dispositivos algorítmicos e seus efeitos de saber diante das relações virtuais estabelecidas com as novas tecnologias digitais. Para avançar na questão, utilizarei do conceito de governamentalidade algorítmica, elaborado por Antoinette Rouvroy e Thomas Berns, de modo a apreender o movimento através do qual esses mecanismos operam sobre as interações virtuais, estabelecendo correlações entre dados e elaborando perfis de comportamento, a partir dos quais define um conjunto de estratégias e antecipações sobre ações possíveis, neutralizando as subjetividades e dispensando o mundo e suas representações, em nome de uma realidade feita de fluxos e sinais numéricos.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI POLITEKNIK KRIDATAMA PADA ERA COVID-19
Authors: Siti Maryam Neneng
Published: August 2021

Abstract - Early March 2020, the corona virus began to spread in Indonesia. To suppress the wider spread of the virus, the government made policies regarding social restrictions. This has resulted in many schools and colleges, offices and companies, and other public places, deciding whether employees or their students should work or study from home. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of online learning during the Corona virus pandemic in Bandung Kridatama Polytechnic students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method, and data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. While the analysis of data acquisition was carried out by collecting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study revealed that online learning carried out during the Corona virus pandemic was ineffective because obstacles were still found that interfered with the learning process, including the absence of two-way communication between students and lecturers, Besides other obstacles, namely students who do not have enough quotas to take part in online learning, or lecturers who do not understand technology so that learning is not carried out using online learning applications but through Whatsapp groups.

Keywords: learning, online learning, pandemic, Corona virus

Abstrak – Awal bulan Maret tahun 2020, virus corona mulai menyebar di Indonesia. Untuk menekan penyebaran virus yang lebih luas lagi, pemerintah membuat kebijakan mengenai pembatasan sosial.  Hal tersebut mengakibatkan banyak sekolah dan kampus, kantor dan perusahaan,  serta tempat-tempat publik lainnya, memutuskan  para karyawan atau anak didiknya untuk bekerja atau belajar dari rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas pembelajaran online di masa pandemi virus Corona pada mahasiswa Politeknik Kridatama Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis perolehan data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pembelajaran online yang dilaksanakan selama masa pandemi virus Corona kurang efektif karena masih ditemukan hambatan yang mengganggu proses pembelajaran diantara-Nya tidak terjalinnya komunikasi dua arah antara mahasiswa dan dosen, disamping hambatan-hambatan lainnya yaitu mahasiswa yang tidak memiliki cukup kuota untuk mengikuti pembelajaran online, atau dosen yang kurang memahami teknologi sehingga pembelajaran tidak dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi pembelajaran online tetapi melalui grup Whatsapp.

Kata Kunci: pembelajaran, pembelajaran online, pandemik, virus Corona
Entre concurrence et recherche de complémentarité - Un état des lieux de l’ingénierie au service des territoires dans le domaine de l’eau
Authors: DEDIEU Claire
Published: August 2021

L’ingénierie joue un rôle essentiel dans les projets d’infrastructures, mais son organisation n’a jamais été aussi instable et éclatée qu’aujourd’hui. Dans le domaine de l’eau potable et de l’assainissement, elle a longtemps été une compétence forte de l’État par l’intermédiaire de ses services déconcentrés. Aujourd’hui, l’État s’est retiré et les acteurs de l’ingénierie se sont multipliés. Les enjeux de pouvoir, d’organisation et de régulation des services se posent en des termes renouvelés. Cet article présente les acteurs actuels de l’ingénierie et discute les enjeux qui sous-tendent la nouvelle répartition des rôles.
Le groupe national Epnac : douze années de collaboration pour l’assainissement des petites collectivités
Authors: PROST-BOUCLE S. , SERANNE L. , BOUTIN C. , GILLOT S. , MOLLE P.
Published: August 2021

La mission principale du groupe de travail Epnac est de mettre à disposition des informations techniques sur la conception, le dimensionnement et l’exploitation des ouvrages de traitement des eaux usées adaptés au contexte rural. Il s’adresse notamment aux maîtres d’oeuvre et maîtres d’ouvrage, qu’ils soient issus du domaine privé ou public. Le groupe national inclut l’ensemble des acteurs publics de l’eau et de l’assainissement (financeurs, législateurs, techniciens de terrain), en intégrant une caution scientifique par le biais de l’Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (Inrae). Son mode de fonctionnement est inédit à l’échelle nationale, en particulier sa structuration en ateliers participatifs de travail, sur un socle d’acteurs experts et indépendants, avec l’implication active de l’État dans les réflexions. Après une décennie de travail, le groupe comptabilise 46 documents produits directement par ses 15 ateliers, de 2009 à 2019. Les productions sont en libre accès sur le site Epnac, qui contribue ainsi à la mise en ligne de 118 ouvrages de référence, et devient un centre de ressource national dans le domaine de la gestion des eaux urbaines résiduaires des petites et moyennes collectivités. Le colloque dénommé Journées techniques Epnac est également le reflet de ce partage des connaissances en toute objectivité, avec près de 150 participants chaque année venant de différents horizons de la sphère publique. Cette expertise portée par le groupe revêt toute son importance dans le contexte actuel de mouvance des acteurs territoriaux de la gestion de l’eau. Les nouveaux ateliers de travail oeuvrent dès 2020 sur les thématiques « réhabilitation des stations », « procédés nouveaux », « réglementation », « pluvial », « interaction avec les collectivités » et « réutilisation des eaux usées traitées ».
METODOLOGI TAJRIH IBN AL-JAUZI DALAM KITAB AD-DHU’AFÂ WAL-MATRÛKÎN (Bedah Kasus Riwayat Aflah Ibn Sa’id dalam Kitab al-Maudhû’ât)
Authors: Muhamad Ridwan Nurrohman
Published: August 2021

Kondisi objektif yang melatar-belakangi kemunculan karya-karya beliau pun nampaknya begitu berpengaruh terhadap kerangka metodologi Ibn al-Jauzi. Sehingga tidak sedikit ulama yang memberikan catatan-catatan terhadap karya Ibn al-Jauzi ini. Salah satu kasus yang akan dikaji dalam tulisan ini, adalah dicantumkannya sebuah hadis riwayat Muslim, dalam kitab al-Maudhû’ât. Mungkinkah ada hadis Shahih Muslim yang ternyata berderajat dhaif, bahkan maudhu? Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan metodologi (manhaj) jarh Imam Ibn al-Jauzi dalam kitab ad-Dhu’afâ wal-Matrûkîn. Posisi Ibn al-Jauzi yang cukup kontroversial dengan al-Maudhû’ât-nya, tentu saja menyisakan masalah di kitab kumpulan rawinya ini. Penelitian ini juga sekaligus menguji konsistensi Ibn al-Jauzi dalam menerapkan konsep jarh-ta’dil-nya. Lebih khusus lagi dalam menetapkan ke-dhaif-an para perawi. Setelah dilakukan penela’ahan terhadap kasus paling kontroversial dalam karya Ibn al-Jauzi ini. Ditemukan sebuah kesimpulan, bahwa ia tetap konsisten dengan metodologinya, dan berani “tampil beda” dengan ijtihad yang diusungnya. Meskipun landasan metodologis yang beliau gunakan, dinilai tidak dapat dipertanggung-jawabkan.
KLARIFIKASI SYEIKH MUHAMMAD BIN ABDUL WAHHA<B TENTANG HAKIKAT DAKWAHNYA KEPADA MASYARAKAT QOSHIM
Authors: Ali Musri Semjan Putra
Published: August 2021

Dalam sepanjang sejarah Islam tidak sedikit kajian para ulama yang membahas berbagai perbedaan dalam pemahaman, akan tetapi para ulama kita dalam mengkaji ataupun mengkritisi sebuah pemikiran dan pemahaman bukan berdasarkan kepada asumsi dan opini publik belaka. Mereka meninjau secara langsung referensi yang menjadi rujukkan utama sebuah pemikiran atau pemahaman tersebut. Mereka benar-benar memiliki sifat Inshaf dalam mengkritisi sebuah pemikiran, jauh dari rasa kepanatikan dan ta’ashub. Dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin mengajak para pemerhati peikiran untuk melihat, menilai dan mengkaji sebuah pemikiran dari sumber aslinya bukan dari opini publik dan asumsi justifikasi. Penelitian ini membahas tentang salah satu surat pribadi Syeihk Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab dalam mengklarifikasi berbagai tuduhan-tuduhan terhadap dakwah beliau. Dimana tuduhan-tuduhan tersebut semenjak zaman beliau sampai sekarang masih disebar dan dijadikan sebagai alat provokasi dalam memecah belah persatuan umat. Penelitian ini merupaka penelitian pustaka yang memusatkan perhatian pada pengkajian terhadap teks surat pribadi Syeikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab yang beliau kirimkan kepada masyarakat Qoshim. Surat beliau tersebut terdapat pada jilid ke tiga dalam kumpulan karya beliau sebanyak sembilan jilid. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar dari tuduhan-tuduhan terhadap dakwah Syeikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab telah beliau klarifikasi. Bahwa beliau berlepas diri dari segala tuduhan tersebut.
MINAT GENERASI MUDA TERHADAP ILMU HADIS (Kendala dan Solusinya Dalam Rencana Strategi Pengembangan Prodi Ilmu Hadis)
Authors: Noor Ikhsan Silviantoro
Published: August 2021

Ilmu Hadis sebagai pengembangan dari Fakultas Ushuluddin adalah program studi baru yang mulai dibuka pada tahun akademik 2015-2016 di berbagai Universitas Islam Negeri di Indonesia. Bahkan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta baru membuka Prodi Ilmu Hadis pada tahun akademik 2016-2017. Berdasar SK Dirjen Pendis nomor : Dj.I/375/2010, STDI Imam Syafii Jember mendapat mandat untuk membuka Prodi Ilmu Hadis sejak 2010, namun acap kali mengalami pasang surut minat calon mahasiswa terhadap prodi ini. Bermula dari fenomena tersebut maka dilakukanlah penelitian lapangan dari bulan September s/d Desember 2016 dengan metode pengumpulan data dan analisa kuantitatif deduktif terhadap 500 responden dengan komposisi 25 % merupakan mahasiswa prodi ilmu hadis, 25 % mahasiswa selain prodi ilmu hadis, 50% calon mahasiswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan quisioner kepada mereka dengan 40 pertanyaan yang mencakup tiga variabel utama: faktor internal diri yang mempengaruhi minat, faktor internal prodi dan faktor eksternal berupa pencitraan terhadap prodi ilmu hadis. Data yang terkumpul menunjukkan bahwa 28,5% dari total responden memiliki minat di atas 50 % terhadap prodi ilmu hadis. Berdasar data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan beberapa poin penting yang mempengaruhi minat generasi muda terhadap prodi ilmu hadist, diantaranya: (1)-bobot kurikulum prodi, data menunjukkan bahwa orientasi dasar para peminat prodi ilmu hadis bukanlah dunia kerja, melainkan pengembangan intelektualitas dan wawasan keilmuan. (2)-konsep kajian dan pendekatan ilmu hadis yang digariskan para ulama klasik lebih diminati daripada pendekatan dan wacana baru dari kajian modern/orientalis.(3)-kualitas, kuantitas, dan frekuensi sosialisasi serta pengenalan prodi ilmu hadis dengan seluruh profilnya kepada generasi muda, baik melalui media, maupun info positif dari para senior tentang prodi ilmu hadis. Tiga hal ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menyusun renstra prodi dan upaya-upaya peningkatan minat generasi muda terhadap prodi ilmu hadits. Dengan demikian prodi ilmu hadits semakin memiliki kekhasan dan karakter yang kokoh dalam persaingan dengan prodi lain.
KITAB WASĀIL ASY-SYĪ’AH FI TAḤṢĪL MASĀIL ASY-SYARĪ’AH (Studi Kitab)
Authors: Rohmansyah
Published: August 2021

Study of the book of hadith is a very important thing for lovers of hadith adding a vast knowledge about the systematics and the chain of the various books of hadith isnaad good book of Shia-Sunni version or later versions. This paper examines the study book of the Wasā’il asy-Syi’ah fi Taḥsil asy-Syarī’ah the works of Muhammad Ibn Hasan al-Hur al-Amili. The method used is descriptive-analytical and historical approach, sociological and anthropological. The book discusses the problems of jurisprudence, Fiqh of worship mu'amalah and morals. Everything is discussed based on the sequence of the chapters and specific theme with their version of the Hadith-hadith (Shi'a). Hadith-hadith that are listed are not much different from the Sunni version, but the isnaad and different accounts, due to their particular scholars resting Ali as a caliph after the Prophet. The quality is good based on results hadisnya research some hadith, but does not cover the possibility of the existence of the Hadith-hadith da'īf. Hadis-hadisnya composed equipped isnaad-isnaad that is only found in Pole al-Arba'ah (four book) they are, namely, al-Kāfi al-Lā Yahdur, Man Kulaini al-Tahdīb, al-Faqīh Ahkām and Al-Istibshār. It also drafted several texts contained in juz or some chapters in the order specified by the author of the book.
EFEKTIFITAS KULIAH EKSTRA TAFSIR ALQURAN DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN KEILMUAN ALQURAN MAHASISWA (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Ahwal Syakhsiyah dan Ilmu Hadits di STDI Imam Syafi’i Jember)
Authors: Yuhadi Irfan
Published: August 2021

Tafsir dalam istilah para ulama’ adalah menerangkan makna Alquran, yang maksudnya lebih luas daripada sekedar menjelaskan lafazh yang musykil, dan lebih luas pula daripada sekedar menjelaskan makna yang zhahir. Ilmu tafsir Alquran merupakan salah satu ilmu mulia, yang hendaknya dipelajari oleh setiap muslim. STDI Imam Syafi’i Jember memiliki dua prodi, yaitu Ahwal Syakhsiyah dan Ilmu Hadits. Pembelajaran di STDI Imam Syafi’i Jember telah menggunakan standar KKNI. Di antara mata kuliah yang disederhanakan SKSnya adalah mata kuliah tafsir Alquran. Penelitian ini mengkaji: (1) pelaksanaan kuliah ekstra tafsir Alquran, (2) efektifitas kuliah ekstra tafsir Alquran, (3) saran dalam pelaksanaan kuliah ekstra tafsir Alquran agar menjadi lebih baik dan lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan keilmuan Alquran mahasiswa ahwal syakhsiyah dan ilmu hadits di STDI Imam Syafi’i Jember. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Adapun teknik dalam pengumpulan data adalah melalui teknik observasi, wawancara serta pemanfaatan dokumen yang berkaitan dengan rumusan masalah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perkuliahan ekstra tafsir Alquran dilakukan sekali dalam sepekan dengan durasi 2 SKS per pertemuan. Perkuliahan tafsir Alquran dimulai dari juz 29 lalu berpindah pada juz 28. Adapun sistematika pembelajaran dimulai dari surat yang berada di awal juz; (2) kuliah ekstra tafsir Alquran sudah cukup efektif dalam rangka meningkatkan keilmuan Alquran mahasiswa, terutama pada sisi: a) kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mengetahui sabab al-nuzul suatu ayat atau surat, b) pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang makna ayat Alquran, dan c) menumbuhkan kecintaan para mahasiswa terhadap Alquran sehingga mereka merasa lebih nikmat ketika membaca Alquran dan lebih mudah dalam menghafal Alquran. Namun pada sisi pengambilan faidah dari suatu ayat masih kurang; (3) Saran yang utama adalah masalah waktu pelaksanaan kuliah ekstra, sebaiknya dilakukan di pagi hari. Hendaknya setiap mahasiswa yang mengikuti kuliah ekstra tafsir Alquran mempunyai kitab ajarnya, agar memudahkan dalam menyerap materi tafsir yang sedang disampaikan.
KARAKTERISTIK USUL FIKIH HANBALY (Antara Skriptualis dan Idealis)
Authors: Muhsan Syarafuddin
Published: August 2021

Dalam khazanah penggalian hukum (istinbatu al–Ahkam) para imam madzhab memiliki kekhasan atau karakteristik yang berbeda,walaupun secara global sumber-sumber otoritatif hukum yang digunakan sebagai acuan utama dalam istinbat; relatif sama. Hanya saja hasil akhir produk yuridis merekalah yang berbeda karena prbedaan interpretasi terhadap sumber-sumber yang ada. Selain itu yuridis yang lahir dari nalar para imam madzhab tidaklah dikonsepsikan sebagai reduksi taransenden syariah, bukan pula sebagai uapaya membuat jurang pemisah dari realitas kehidupan, akan tetapi, sebaliknya menjadi pemantik agar dapat dikontekstualkan dalam perikehidupan khalayak umum dan terbuka untuk didiskusikan sebagai sumbangsih mereka dalam ranah efistimologis , yang disebut ilmu istinbath. Untuk memahami prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam istinbat hukum, seseorang dituntut untuk memahami usul fikih. Secara sederhana usul fikih bisa di maknai sebuah rumusan atau kaidah yang dijadikan katalisator untuk menggali (istinbat) hukum-hukum fariyyah (cabang). Oleh karena itu usul fikih sering juga di istilahkan dengan turuqul istinbat (disiplin ilmu yang mengkaji cara-cara membuat konklusi hukum). Sedangkan secara faktual setiap imam madzhab memiliki gaya selingkung sendiri dalam metode istinbat } hukum. Pada makalah ini, penulis akan membahas karaktristik ushul fikih Hambali, dengan harapan dapat menjadi sumber yang informatif tentang madzhab tersebut. Pembahasan akan fokus pada pengenalan tentang founder madzhab Hambali, para ulama > madzhab, karaktristik ushul fikih madzhab dan dipungkasi dengan kesimpulan.
مفاسد البدعة وعواقبها السيئة في نظر علماء الشافعية
Authors: Muhammad Nur Ihsan
Published: August 2021

قد وردت النصوص الكثيرة من الكتاب والسنة في النهي عن الابتداع والتحذير منه، وذلك لما يترتب عليه من  المضار العظيمةوالمفاسد الكثيرة التي لا تُعدُّ ولا تُحصى، كيف لا،والبدعة بريد الكفر، وهي لا تأتي بخير، لأنها كلها ضلالة وشرٌّ، بل هي أصل كل شرٍّ وبلاء وفتنة؛ وليس هناك ذنبٌ –بعد الشرك بالله- اُبتلي به المرءُ في دينه أخطر من البدعة واتباع الأهواء، وذلك لما يعود على صاحبها من عواقب سيئة في الدنيا والآخرة.إذًا ما هي مضار الابتداع ومفاسده في الدين، وعواقبه الوخيمة على صاحبه في الدنيا والآخرة؟ فهذا البحث المتواضع محاولة في الجواب عن هذا السؤال وذلك من خلال نظر علماء الشافعية. وهو يُعدُّ من البحوث المكتبية التي تعتمد على المنهج الكمي (Kuantitatif) الذي يقوم بجمع أقوال علماء الشافعية من بطون مؤلفاتهم المتعلقة بهذه المسألة، وأما ما يتعلق بعرض البيانان وتقريب المعلومات للوصول إلى نتائج البحث فيستخدم المنهج الوصفي (Deskriptif) والاستقرائي  (Dedukatif) وتحليل المحتوى (Analisa isi). ومن خلال دراسة أقوال هؤلاء العلماء واستقرائها وتحليلها يمكن تلخيصمضار الابتداع وعواقبه السيئةفي النقاط التالية: 1) الابتداع استدراك على الله تعالى وعلى رسوله، وأنه قول على الله بلا علم، وأنه إماتة للسنة وإقصاء لها، وسبب لغضب الله والذل والخزي في الدنيا والآخرة، 2) البدعة سبب للفرقة والاختلاف والتباغض، وهي أشد  ضررا من المعصية، وأن صاحبها قلما يوفق للتوبة، وهي تورث الشك والحيرة، 3) عدم قبول عمل صاحب البدعة، وأنه يفوته خير كثير، وأن البدعة تجر إلى ما هو أسوأ منها، 4) المبتدع تجوز غيبته كالفاسق تحذيرا للأمة، 5) بغض المبتدعة للسنة وكراهتهم لأهلها، 6) المبتدع ملعون وأنه يحمل وزره ووزر من تبعه إلى يوم القيامة، 7) عدم قبول شهادة المبتدع الداعية، 8) صاحب البدعة لا يرد حوض النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم القيامة.
EFEKTIFITAS PENYEBARAN PESAN AL-QURAN SEBAGAI KONTRIBUSI DALAM MEMBENTUK GENERASI QURANI
Authors: Yuhadi Irfan
Published: August 2021

Al-Quran is a holy book that contains instructions for humans as well as distinguishing between good and evil. In the Quran there is an order to do good and there is also an order to stay away from various evils. Therefore, people who believe need to be remembered with messages in the Quran. In today’s modern era, ways to spread Al-Quran messages can be done through social media. Only a short time the messages of the Quran can be spread throughout the archipelago through their smart phones. The formulation of the problem in this study is about: (1) the concept of spreading the message of the Quran, (2) the effectiveness of spreading the message of the Quran, (3) suggestions in the spread of the message of the Quran to be more effective as a contribution in shaping the Quranic generation. The approach in this study is to use a qualitative approach.The results of this study indicate that: (1) Al-Quran messages were made by taking pieces of Al-Quran verses, then distributed to several coordinators spread across several cities in East Java through various social media facilities. (2) The spread of Al-Quran messages through social media is considered quite effective as a contribution in shaping generations. (3) Among the suggestions that the spread of the message of the Quran be more effective are: (a) Increase the theme of human relations, (b) Do not use language that is too formal, (c) the writing and drawing designs are improved.
STUDI KRITIS TERHADAP SARANA IBADAH
Authors: Kholid Saifulloh
Published: August 2021

Each goal has a means that helps to get to that goal. Likewise worship which is the main purpose of human creation, Allah subhahu wa ta'a he said: "and I did not create jinn and humans except to worship Me"2 . However, something that became a means for worship varied, as did the law of the facility. Therefore, the author tries to divide it based on the four classifications the authors describe in this paper. Furthermore, the authors conclude that the law of worship facilities is inseparable from the four laws: mubah, haram, sunna, and obligatory.
قواعد في رد البدعة عند علماء الشافعية
Authors: Muhammad Nur Ihsan
Published: August 2021

مما قد علم بالنصوص الشرعية أن البدعة في الشرع كلها ضلالة، وليس منها شيء حسن، وأن العمل إذا تبين كونه بدعة فهو باطل ومردود على صاحبه، إلا أن أصحاب البدعة لهم شبه وحجج يتشبثوا بها في تحسين البدع وتبريرها وترويجها بين الناس. وقد ذكر أهل العلم من جميع المذاهب قواعد وأصولا يمكن من خلالها معرفة بطلان البدعة وردها ودحض شبهات أهلها. فهذا البحث المتواضع مشاركة في بيان هذا الأمر وذلك من خلال أقوال علماء الشافعية رحمهم الله. وقسمته إلى مقدمة تشتمل على خلفية البحث وتحديد المسألة ومنهج البحث، ثم موضوع البحث ويشتمل على تعريف البدعة لغة واصطلاحا، وتعريف القاعدة وأهمية معرفتها، وقواعد في رد البدعة في نظر علماء الشافعية، ثم الخاتمة وفيها ذكر نتائج البحث.

وهذا البحث يُعدُّ من البحوث المكتبية التي تعتمد على المنهج الكمي (Kuantitatif) الذي يقوم بجمع أقوال علماء الشافعية من بطون مؤلفاتهم المتعلقة بهذه المسألة، وأما ما يتعلق بعرض البيانان وتقريب المعلومات للوصول إلى نتائج البحث فيستخدم المنهج الوصفي (Deskriptif) والاستقرائي  (Dedukatif) وتحليل المحتوى (Analisa isi).

ومن خلال دراسة أقوال هؤلاء العلماء واستقرائها وتحليلها يمكن تلخيص القواعد لرد البدعة في الأمور التالية: 1) الأصل في العبادة المنع أو التحريم، ويندرج تحت هذه القاعدة: أن العبادة لا تبنى على القياس، وأن الثواب على العمل مبني على التوقيف أيضا، 2) كل بدعة ضلالة، 3) درء المفسدة مقدم على جلب المصلحة، 4)النية الحسنة غير كافية في قبول العبادة،5) الاحتياط في موافقة السنة والاقتداء بسلف الأمة 6) الكثرة ليست دليلا على الحق، وإنما الحق موافقة الكتاب والسنة.
STUDI KRITIS HUKUM WASILAH MAKSIAT
Authors: Kholid Saifulloh
Published: August 2021

Every Muslim is certainly afraid to commit immorality to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, because he is aware that all forms of disobedience to Him are sin. However, sometimes the act done by someone is unwittingly has the potential to give birth to immorality. On the one hand, maybe the person is not aware of this potential; because basically there is no intention of him at all to act. But on the other hand, those who witnessed this saw that disobedience was the result of that action, so they were motivated to do the same thing, especially those who indeed wanted the immorality from the beginning. This paper examines thoroughly the laws relating to cases that have the potential to become immoral immorality.
MENGQADHA SHALAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH ISLAM
Authors: Kholid Saifulloh
Published: August 2021

Prayer is the second pillar of Islam after two sentences of shahada. Prayer has a very important position for Islam, so the Prophet sallallaahu'alaihiWasallam likened it like a pillar to a building, so that a building will not be able to stand firmly without a supporting pillar. Likewise a person's Islam cannot be established without establishing prayer. However, sometimes intentionally or not, a Muslim leaves the prayer until out of time. By remembering the importance of prayer, can the missed prayer be replaced (qada’)? In this paper, the author presents a discussion of three things related to qada’ prayer: the arguments about qada’ prayer, the law of qada’ prayer and various types of prayers that can be replaced (qada’), as well as the requirements that must be fulfilled in qada’ prayer.