bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms in endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 gene and ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Shutao , Xu Tao , Liang Weidong , Xun Chuanhui , Deng Qiang , Guo Hailong , Sheng Weibin
Published: January 2020

Background

The findings regarding association of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) gene polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility are inconsistent. Our aim is to appraise and merge the existing evidence on the relationship of rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms in ERAP1 gene and susceptibility to AS.

Methods

Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI were retrieved for relevant publications. The search was conducted from inception to 10 June, 2019. Studies on the association of rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms and risk of AS were included. Quality evaluation was carried out using Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to appraise the associations under allelic and genotypic models.

Results

In total, 26 case‐control studies with 31 cohorts containing 17 223 AS patients and 36 915 controls were eligible for this meta‐analysis. According to NOS, each study received ≥ 5 scores. The pooled data indicated that rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms were significantly associated with AS susceptibility in the overall population: rs27044, G versus C, OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.16‐1.33, P<.001; rs30187, T versus C, OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.17‐1.33, P<.001. When stratified by ethnicity, rs27044 appeared to be significantly correlated with AS in both Asians and Caucasians. For rs30187, despite positive association being observed under the allelic model in both Asians and Caucasians, the findings of genotypic comparisons supported the association only existed in Caucasians but not Asians.

Conclusion

This study suggests that rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms are significantly associated with increased risk of AS, especially in Caucasians.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon: Is there any difference between ankylosing spondylitis, non‐radiographic axial spondyloarthropathy and controls?
Authors: Vahidfar Shahla , Sunar İsmihan , Ataman Şebnem , Yılmaz Gürkan , Azarabadi Javid M. , Bölükbaşı Ayşe
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The aim is to evaluate Achilles tendon enthesopathy with ultrasound (US) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non‐radiographic axial SpA (nr‐axSpA) patients and controls, and compare these groups in terms of associations between disease activity parameters and ultrasonographic Achilles enthesitis signs.

Methods

A total of 24 AS and 20 nr‐axSpA patients fulfilling the Assessment in Spondyloarthritis International Working Group criteria for axSpA and 30 controls were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein (CRP), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27, Bath AS Disease Activity Index, Bath AS Functional Index, Bath AS Metrology Index, Maastricht AS Enthesitis Score (MASES), AS Disease Activity Score‐CRP, modified Stoke AS Spine Score (m‐SASSS) scores and ultrasonographic findings were noted.

Results

HLA‐B27 positivity, extra‐articular and peripheral involvement, disease activity, functional status, mean m‐SASSS, ultrasonographic gray scale (GS) and total scores were similar between AS and nr‐axSpA groups. In GS, tendon echotexture scores were significantly different across all groups (0.812 ± 0.384 in AS, 0.575 ± 0.466 in nr‐axSpA, 0.017 ± 0.091 in controls; P < .001). Entheseal calcification scores were similar in AS and nr‐axSpA patients, and higher than controls (P = .001). Bone profile scores were similar in patients with AS and nr‐axSpA, and higher than controls (P = .010). When the correlations between US findings and disease activity and functional status were considered, power Doppler US (PDUS) and MASES total scores were positively correlated in the AS group (P = .045; r = .41).

Conclusion

AS and nr‐axSpA patients were found to be similar in various clinical, functional, and US findings indicating that these 2 entities are different phenotypic reflections of the same disease spectrum. The positive correlation between PDUS and MASES scores in AS patients substantiate the performance of MASES in evaluation of entheseal activity.
Improving the accuracy of land cover classification in cloud persistent areas using optical and radar satellite image time series
Authors: Lopes Mailys , Frison Pierre‐Louis , Crowson Merry , Warren‐Thomas Eleanor , Hariyadi Bambang , Kartika Winda D. , Agus Fahmuddin , Hamer Keith C. , Stringer Lindsay , Hill Jane K. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: January 2020

The recent availability of high spatial and temporal resolution optical and radar satellite imagery has dramatically increased opportunities for mapping land cover at fine scales. Fusion of optical and radar images has been found useful in tropical areas affected by cloud cover because of their complementarity. However, the multitemporal dimension these data now offer is often neglected because these areas are primarily characterized by relatively low levels of seasonality and because the consideration of multitemporal data requires more processing time. Hence, land cover mapping in these regions is often based on imagery acquired for a single date or on an average of multiple dates.

The aim of this work is to assess the added value brought by the temporal dimension of optical and radar time series when mapping land cover in tropical environments. Specifically, we compared the accuracies of classifications based on (a) optical time series, (b) their temporal average, (c) radar time series, (d) their temporal average, (e) a combination of optical and radar time series and (f) a combination of their temporal averages for mapping land cover in Jambi province, Indonesia, using Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2 imagery.

Using the full information contained in the time series resulted in significantly higher classification accuracies than using temporal averages (+14.7% for Sentinel‐1, +2.5% for Sentinel‐2 and +2% combining Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2). Overall, combining Sentinel‐2 and Sentinel‐1 time series provided the highest accuracies (Kappa = 88.5%).

Our study demonstrates that preserving the temporal information provided by satellite image time series can significantly improve land cover classifications in tropical biodiversity hotspots, improving our capacity to monitor ecosystems of high conservation relevance such as peatlands. The proposed method is reproducible, automated and based on open‐source tools satellite imagery.
Preresolution Drinking Problem Severity Profiles Associated with Stable Moderation Outcomes of Natural Recovery Attempts
Authors: Tucker Jalie A. , Cheong JeeWon , James Tyler G. , Jung Soyeon , Chandler Susan D.
Published: January 2020

Background

Higher problem severity contraindicates moderation drinking in treatment samples, but has not been well investigated in natural recovery samples with more prevalent moderation outcomes, nor have single studies assessed multiple severity indicators. Therefore, we integrated 5 prospective studies of recent natural recovery attempts to identify multi‐indicator profiles that distinguished moderation from abstinence or unstable resolution involving relapse. The study evaluated whether moderation was distinguished by a generalized lower severity profile or whether more complex profiles better differentiated outcomes.

Methods

Community‐dwelling problem drinkers in the southeastern United States (N = 616, 67% male, 65% white, mean age = 46.5 years) enrolled soon after stopping alcohol misuse without treatment were followed prospectively for a year. Outcome predictors assessed at enrollment included preresolution drinking practices, alcohol‐related problems, alcohol dependence, and a behavioral economic measure of the reward value of drinking based on preresolution spending on alcohol versus saving for the future.

Results

Latent profile analysis of severity indicators supported a 4‐profile solution: (i) global low risk on all indicators, (ii) global high risk on all indicators, (iii) high risk limited to drinking practices only, and (iv) high risk limited to alcohol dependence and alcohol‐related problems only. Outcomes differed by profile membership (p < 0.01). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that the global low risk and heavy drinking risk only profiles were associated with stable moderation during the 1‐year follow‐up. The high dependence and alcohol problems risk profile was associated with both abstinence and relapse during the follow‐up (ps < 0.05).

Conclusions

Consistent with prior research, moderation was associated with lower alcohol dependence, problems, and reward value. Participants who simply drank heavily and did not have elevated risk on other indicators also had a higher probability of moderation. Results support using multidimensional severity indicators that encompass functional variables in addition to drinking practices to predict outcomes.
Cost‐effectiveness of the HepCATT intervention in specialist drug clinics to improve case‐finding and engagement with HCV treatment for people who inject drugs in England
Authors: Ward Zoe , Reynolds Rosie , Campbell Linda , Martin Natasha K. , Harrison Graham , Irving William , Hickman Matthew , Vickerman Peter
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims

People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, ~50% are undiagnosed in England and linkage‐to‐care is poor. This study investigated the cost‐effectiveness of an intervention (HepCATT) to improve case‐finding and referral to HCV treatment compared with standard‐of‐care pathways in drug treatment centres in England.

Design

HCV transmission and disease progression model with cost‐effectiveness analysis using a health‐care perspective. Primary outcome and cost data from the HepCATT study parameterized the intervention, suggesting that HepCATT increased HCV testing in drug treatment centres 2.5‐fold and engagement onto the HCV treatment pathway 10‐fold. A model was used to estimate the decrease in HCV infections and HCV‐related deaths from 2016, with costs and health benefits (quality‐adjusted life‐years or QALYs) tracked over 50 years. Univariable and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were undertaken.

Setting

England‐specific epidemic with 40% prevalence of chronic HCV among PWID.

Participants

PWID attending drug treatment centres.

Intervention

Nurse facilitator in drug treatment centres to improve the HCV care pathway from HCV case‐finding to referral and linkage to specialist care. Comparator was the standard‐of‐care HCV care pathway.

Measurements

Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per QALY gained through improved case‐finding.

Findings

Over 50 years per 1000 PWID, the HepCATT intervention could prevent 75 (95% central interval 37–129) deaths and 1330 (827–2040) or 51% (30–67%) of all new infections. The mean ICER was £7986 per QALY gained, with all PSA simulations being cost‐effective at a £20 000 per QALY willingness‐to‐pay threshold. Univariable sensitivity analyses suggest the intervention would become cost‐saving if the cost of HCV treatment reduces to £3900. If scaled up to all PWID in England, the intervention would cost £8.8 million and decrease incidence by 56% (33–70%) by 2030.

Conclusions

Increasing hepatitis C virus infection case‐finding and treatment referral in drug treatment centres could be a highly cost‐effective strategy for decreasing hepatitis C virus incidence among people who inject drugs.
Influence of foraminal enlargement on the apical extrusion of filling material: Volumetric analysis using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Albuquerque Patrícia Pereira , Hungaro Duarte Marco Antonio , Pelegrine Rina Andréa , Kato Augusto Shoji , Stringheta Carolina Pessoa , Duque Jussaro Alves , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the root canal instrumentation techniques that involve foraminal enlargement versus those not involving it, in regard to the apical extrusion of filling material, using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Twenty‐two premolars with single canals were instrumented using the ProTaper Universal System and then randomly divided into two groups (n = 11): Group NFE, without foraminal enlargement, and Group FE, with foraminal enlargement. Instrumentation was performed up to 1 mm short of the apical foramen, and foraminal patency was maintained at each instrument change in both groups. Prior to obturation, the apical portion of the specimens was wrapped in adhesive paper to ensure complete separation between apex and extruded material. The canals were filled according to the continuous wave of condensation technique. The apically extruded material was collected and measured using micro‐CT. Extrusion in Group FE was significantly higher than in Group NFE (0.928 mm3 vs. 0.148 mm3; P < 0.001).
Evaluation of nutrient content, physicochemical and functional properties of desalted duck egg white by ultrafiltration as desalination
Authors: Thammasena Rommanee , Fu Chi‐Wei , Liu Jeng‐Hung , Liu Deng‐Cheng
Published: January 2020

In this study, the effects of ultrafiltration technique on the desalination efficiency, nutrient content, physicochemical properties, functional properties, texture profile, and microstructure of salted duck egg white were evaluated. The results showed that ultrafiltration can remove 92.93% salt from salted duck egg white (SDEW) and final salt% of desalted duck egg white (DDEW) was 0.65%. The analysis of nutrient content and amino acid of SDEW and desalted duck egg white powder (DDEWP) sample was significantly lower than those of fresh duck egg white (FDEW). Although emulsifying capacity of SDEW, DDEW, and DDEWP exhibited significantly lower than that of FDEW, an excellent foaming ability was found in those samples. Moreover, the texture profiles (gel strength, hardness and elasticity) of SDEW, DDEW, and DDEWP samples presented lower value than FDEW. The observation of microstructure, DDEWP possessed smooth surface of protein globules with deep hole liked donuts and distribution of a few of salt crystals. While salted duck egg white powder (SDEWP) had a raisin‐like surface formation with salt formed cubic crystals. Overall, both liquid and dried material of desalted duck egg could be used as a good ingredient in baking food due to their excellent foaming capacity.
Objective prior distributions for Jolly‐Seber models of zero‐augmented data
Authors: Dorazio Robert M.
Published: January 2020

Statistical models of capture‐recapture data that are used to estimate the dynamics of a population are known collectively as Jolly‐Seber (JS) models. State‐space versions of these models have been developed for the analysis of zero‐augmented data that include the capture histories of the observed individuals and an arbitrarily large number of all‐zero capture histories. The number of all‐zero capture histories must be sufficiently large to include the unknown number N of individuals in the population that were ever alive during all sampling periods. This definition of N is equivalent to the “superpopulation” of individuals described in several JS models. To fit JS models of zero‐augmented data, practitioners often assume a set of independent, uniform prior distributions for the recruitment parameters. However, if the number of capture histories is small compared to N, these uniform priors can exert considerable influence on the posterior distributions of N and other parameters because the uniform priors induce a highly skewed prior on N. In this article, I derive a class of prior distributions for the recruitment parameters of the JS model that can be used to specify objective prior distributions for N, including the discrete‐uniform and the improper scale priors as special cases. This class of priors also may be used to specify prior knowledge about recruitment while still preserving the conditions needed to induce an objective prior on N. I use analyses of simulated and real data to illustrate the inferential benefits of this class of prior distributions and to identify circumstances where these benefits are most likely to be realized.
Beyond the efficient markets hypothesis: Towards a new paradigm
Authors: Fender John
Published: January 2020

To go beyond the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH) we suppose that the stock market can be in one of three states: (1) a fundamental state, where share prices are determined largely as in the EMH; (2) a bubble or bull market state, where share prices are above their fundamental levels but are expected to continue to rise further, and (3) a bear market state, where shares are held exclusively by irrational agents and rational agents cannot exploit the overvaluation because of short‐selling constraints. Also, heterogeneous rational expectations may help explain some features of stock market behaviour.
Luteolin prevents irinotecan‐induced intestinal mucositis in mice through antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties
Authors: Boeing Thaise , de Souza Priscila , Speca Silvia , Somensi Lincon Bordignon , Mariano Luisa Nathália Bolda , Cury Benhur Judah , Ferreira dos Anjos Mariana , Quintão Nara Lins Meira , Dubuqoy Laurent , Desreumax Pierre , da Silva Luisa Mota , de Andrade Sérgio Faloni
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose

Intestinal mucositis refers to mucosal damage caused by cancer treatment, and irinotecan is one of the agents most associated with this condition. Focusing on the development of alternatives to prevent this important adverse effect, we evaluated the activity of the flavonoid luteolin, which has never been tested for this purpose despite its biological potential.

Experimental Approach

The effects of luteolin were examined on irinotecan‐induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Clinical signs were evaluated. Moreover, histological, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters were analysed, as well as the possible interference of luteolin in the anti‐tumour activity of irinotecan.

Key Results

Luteolin (30 mg·kg−1; p.o. or i.p.) prevented irinotecan‐induced intestinal damage by reducing weight loss and diarrhoea score and attenuating the shortening of the duodenum and colon. Histological analysis confirmed that luteolin (p.o.) prevented villous shortening, vacuolization, and apoptosis of cells and preserved mucin production in the duodenum and colon. Moreover, luteolin treatment mitigated irinotecan‐induced oxidative stress, by reducing the levels of ROS and LOOH and augmenting endogenous antioxidants, and inflammation by decreasing MPO enzymic activity, TNF, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 levels and increasing IL‐4 and IL‐10. Disruption of the tight junctions ZO‐1 and occludin was also prevented by luteolin treatment. Importantly, luteolin did not interfere with the anti‐tumour activity of irinotecan.

Conclusion and Implications

Luteolin prevents intestinal mucositis induced by irinotecan and therefore could be a potential adjunct in anti‐tumour therapy to control this adverse effect, increasing treatment adherence and consequently the chances of cancer remission.
100 years of modelling ligand–receptor binding and response: A focus on GPCRs
Authors: Finlay David B. , Duffull Stephen B. , Glass Michelle
Published: January 2020

Experimental pharmacologists rely on the application of models to describe biological observations in order to learn about a drug's effective concentration, the strength with which it binds its target and drives a response (at either molecular or system level), and the nature of more complex drug actions (allosterism/functional selectivity). Models in current use build upon decades of basic principles, going back to the beginning of the last century. Yet often, researchers are only partially familiar with these underlying principles, creating the potential for confusion due to failure to recognise the underpinning assumptions of the models that are used. Here, we describe the history of receptor theory as it underpins receptor stimulus–response models in use today, emphasising particularly attributes and models relevant to GPCRs—and point to some current aims of model development.
Effect of hyperglycaemia and diabetes on acute myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischaemic conditioning protocols
Authors: Penna Claudia , Andreadou Ioanna , Aragno Manuela , Beauloye Christophe , Bertrand Luc , Lazou Antigone , Falcão‐Pires Ines , Bell Robert , Zuurbier Coert J. , Pagliaro Pasquale , Hausenloy Derek J.
Published: January 2020

Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease and experience worse clinical outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. Novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the myocardium against the effects of acute ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). These include one or more brief cycles of non‐lethal ischaemia and reperfusion prior to the ischaemic event (ischaemic preconditioning [IPC]) or at the onset of reperfusion (ischaemic postconditioning [IPost]) either to the heart or to extracardiac organs (remote ischaemic conditioning [RIC]). Studies suggest that the diabetic heart is resistant to cardioprotective strategies, although clinical evidence is lacking. We overview the available animal models of diabetes, investigating acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection, experiments investigating the effects of hyperglycaemia on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI, the response of the diabetic heart to cardioprotective strategies e.g. IPC, IPost and RIC. Finally we highlight the effects of anti‐hyperglycaemic agents on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
Delving Into the Minds of Chinese Parents: What Beliefs Motivate Their Learning‐Related Practices?
Authors: Ng Florrie Fei‐Yin , Wei Jun
Published: January 2020

The academic success of Chinese students has drawn much attention from researchers and the public. Evidence suggests that Chinese parents’ learning‐related practices contribute to their children’s high achievement, but what motivates these practices? In this article, we address this question by focusing on Chinese parents’ beliefs, which can serve as a framework that guides their practices. First, we review recent research on Chinese parents’ learning‐related practices as well as their beliefs about children’s learning and parenting. Then, we consider how these beliefs, which are constantly shaped by the cultural and social context, may underlie Chinese parents’ learning‐related practices. We conclude by discussing directions for research in a changing world.
Who sets the goals in pediatric rehabilitation?
Authors: Gefen Naomi
Published: January 2020

This commentary is on the original article by Rast et al. on pages 483–488 of this issue.
Living with diabetes: literature review and secondary analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Stuckey H. , Peyrot M.
Published: January 2020

Aim

To review the published qualitative literature on the lived experience of people with diabetes, describe the emerging findings and research methods over the last 25 years, and make recommendations for future research.

Methods

We describe a ‘Next‐Generation' mixed‐method approach to reporting qualitative data that combines the advantages of traditional qualitative analysis (assessing depth of meaning from participants themselves) with those of descriptive analysis (assessing breadth and representativeness). We used our Next‐Generation approach to conduct a secondary analysis of qualitative data derived from a systematic search of PubMed. A formal coding scheme was developed and systematically applied to 2050 respondent quotations contained in the 74 selected articles; inter‐rater agreement was high (κ = 0.90). Quotations were aggregated at the level of the article and reported to assess both narratives and numerical counts of the data.

Results

The rate of qualitative research on the lived experience of diabetes has increased over the last 25 years. Both positive and negative aspects of lived experience were reported, although the former was less common. Data from many different populations were reported, but most studies emphasized breadth of coverage over depth. Some findings are well established and there is little benefit to repeating these studies. Best practices of qualitative methodology were often not utilized.

Conclusions

The amount of qualitative research in diabetes is substantial and increasing. We recommend that future research be focused on specific understudied topics rather than repeating existing research. We also provide recommendations for how qualitative study methodology can be improved by implementing the Next‐Generation approach.
Gluten‐free diet in children with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes: A 12‐month intervention trial
Authors: Neuman Vit , Pruhova Stepanka , Kulich Michal , Kolouskova Stanislava , Vosahlo Jan , Romanova Martina , Petruzelkova Lenka , Obermannova Barbora , Funda David P. , Cinek Ondrej , Sumnik Zdenek
Published: January 2020

Aim

To test whether a gluten‐free diet (GFD) is associated with the deceleration of the decline in beta‐cell capacity in non‐coeliac children with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Forty‐five children (aged 10.2 ± 3.3 years) were recruited into a self‐selected intervention trial: 26 started with a GFD within a median of 38 days postonset, whereas 19 remained on a standard diet. The main outcomes were the decline in C‐peptide area under the curve (AUC) in mixed‐meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) at 6 and 12 months relative to 1 month after diabetes onset and the difference in insulin dose, insulin dose‐adjusted A1c (IDAA1c) and HbA1c assessed every 3 months. The adherence to the GFD was verified by immunoreactive gluten in the stool and by food questionnaires at every visit. Quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were administered to the participants at the end of the intervention at 12 months. The data were analysed as per protocol (in 39 subjects who duly completed the whole follow‐up: 20 in the GFD group, 19 in the control group) by linear and longitudinal regression models adjusted for sex, age and baseline variables.

Results

At 12 months, the difference in C‐peptide AUC between subjects in the GFD group and controls was 205 pmol/L (95% CI ‐223 to 633; P = 0.34) in a model adjusted for age, sex and body weight, and for baseline insulin dose, MMTT C‐peptide AUC and HbA1c assessed at 1 month after diagnosis. In a longitudinal analysis of all three time points adjusted for age, sex and body weight, C‐peptide declined more slowly in the GFD group than in controls, with the difference in trends being 409 pmol/L/year (P = 0.04). The GFD group had a marginally lower insulin dose (by 0.15 U/kg/day; P = 0.07), a lower IDAA1c (by 1.37; P = 0.01) and a lower mean HbA1c (by 0.7% [7.8 mmol/mol]; P = 0.02) than those of the controls at 12 months. There was no appreciable difference between the groups in daily carbohydrate intake (P = 0.49) or in the QoL reported by the patients (P = 0.70) and their parents/caregivers (P = 0.59).

Conclusions

A GFD maintained over the first year after type 1 diabetes diagnosis was associated with better HbA1c and a prolonged partial remission period. There was a hint of slower C‐peptide decline but the association was not strong enough to make definite conclusions.
The school as a learning organisation: The concept and its measurement
Authors: Kools Marco , Stoll Louise , George Bert , Steijn Bram , Bekkers Victor , Gouëdard Pierre
Published: January 2020

A growing body of scholars, educators and policy makers has argued for reconceptualising schools as “learning organisations” in the last 25 years as. However, a lack of clarity on the concept has hindered its advance in theory and practice. This study responds to this problem by developing a schools as learning organisations scale that expands and clarifies the concept on several points. Drawing on survey data (nschool staff = 1,703) from Wales (UK), it examines the key characteristics of a school as a learning organisation through a principal component analysis and reliability analysis. The results showed that such a school is associated with eight dimensions: (a) a shared vision centred on the learning of all students, (b) partners contributing to school vision, (c) continuous learning opportunities, (d) team learning and collaboration, (e) a culture of enquiry, innovation and exploration, (f) systems for collecting and exchanging knowledge and learning, (g) learning with and from the external environment, and (h) modelling learning leadership. The resulting 65‐item scale demonstrated good psychometric qualities. A reliable and valid schools as learning organisations scale can help enhance our understanding of the concept. The scale can also be used by school leaders, teachers and all others wanting to develop a thriving learning culture in their schools.
Patient‐reported outcome measures in studies of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: Literature review and landscape analysis
Authors: Stauder Reinhard , Lambert Jérémy , Desruol‐Allardin Sandra , Savre Isabelle , Gaugler Lona , Stojkov Igor , Siebert Uwe , Chevrou‐Séverac Hélène
Published: January 2020

Objectives

This study aims to describe the use of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) studies and the PROMs landscape.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was performed in Medline/Embase (since 2000) and ClinicalTrials.gov (since 2013) to identify PROMs used in MDS and AML clinical studies. Additionally, PROMs included in approved drug labels since 2000 were reviewed.

Results

Overall, 112 different PROMs were used in 168 published MDS studies and 152 PROMs were used in 172 AML studies. From ClinicalTrials.gov, 16 different PROMs were used in 22 ongoing registered studies in MDS, and 24 were reported in 41 AML studies. The most frequently used PROMs were cancer‐specific (eg, EORTC QLQ‐C30, FACT‐An) or generic (SF‐36, EQ‐5D) instruments, whereas MDS‐ and AML‐specific instruments (eg, QUALMS and QOL‐E in MDS; FACT‐Leu and EORTC QLQ‐Leu in AML) were used in a minority of studies. Two EMA‐approved drugs for MDS included PROMs in their label. EORTC QLQ‐C30 is by far the most frequently used cancer‐specific PROM in both MDS and AML studies.

Conclusions

This research indicated an underuse of AML/MDS‐specific PROMs for these two indications in clinical studies and labeling claims. However, AML/MDS‐specific instruments in development might be considered in future studies.
Who is Haunted by Whom? Steps to an Ecology of Haunting
Authors: Hollan Douglas
Published: January 2020

The haunting metaphor is rapidly catching on in anthropology and other disciplines as a way of drawing attention to aspects of social experience that typically fall outside the scope of conventional social analysis: to feelings and experiences of loss, dispossession, unease, unfairness and injustice, regret, remorse, lack of recognition or misrecognition, and so on. Yet because many scholars contributing to the hauntology literature have unwittingly confused or failed to distinguish between the metaphorical “haunting” of past injustices and the characteristics and behaviors of actual ghosts, the fundamental issues of who is being haunted by whom, under what circumstances, and for what reasons often remain muddled or unclear. I argue that the relational aspects of haunting—the fact that some people experience ghosts and hauntings while others under the same conditions do not—suggest that analyses of the dynamic forces contributing to the emergence and disappearance of ghosts must always include a concern with the complex emotional lives of the haunted.
The Power of Traces
Authors: Corin Ellen
Published: January 2020

This article deals with the limits of words, images, and symbols and explores the idea that “residues” or “rests” may surface and rupture the tissue of conventional knowledge. L'Actuel, a notion developed in contemporary French psychoanalysis, serves as a guiding thread for this exploration. It points towards a kind of enigmatic “real” that may surface during the psychoanalytic session, “in presence,” specifically under cover of the transference–countertransference energy. It may either open to the identification and elaboration of an obscure nucleus of experience or surge as pure discharge and endanger the psychoanalytic session. Analogous “residues” resisting symbolic representation and meaning may also be identified at the levels of culture and history. Identifying them and grasping their significance requires a particular sensibility to discrepancy and unexpected recurrences. Breaking with ideas of beauty and harmony, contemporary art offers a privileged avenue for the emergence and treatment of traces haunting us as humans. Freud's notion of kulturarbeit is evoked in that context. [l'actuel; psychoanalytic sessions; cultural residues; hidden history]
From Metaphor to Interpretation: “Haunting” as Diagnostic of Dissociative Processes
Authors: Chiovenda Andrea
Published: January 2020

The article is based on the analysis of one psychodynamic interview session the author had with one of his respondents, who had with the author a long‐term, one‐on‐one series of sessions. Positioning the respondent in his sociocultural and political setting (as a Pashtun, male, well‐educated, and middle‐class individual living in south‐east Afghanistan, at a time of great instability and security concerns), the article explores the respondent's recounting of a harrowing and haunting personal encounter. Such exploration is based on a psychodynamic approach that intends dissociation as a functional mechanism the individual employs to fend off an unbearable reality that never passed the stage of unformulated experience. By bringing the dissociative material to a state of conscious conflict, what was previously unformulated, because unbearable, becomes at least thinkable. Such is the development that the respondent reaches during the intersubjective exchange with the author, which shows how a “haunting” experience may index the presence of an adaptive state of dissociation.
Letters to Maop: Living with a Ghost as Therapeutic Experience
Authors: Idria Reza
Published: January 2020

In post‐tsunami Aceh, an Indonesian province where prolonged armed conflict has already disrupted the lives of the Acehnese people for decades, ghost stories are common. But in what ways ghosts appear, how they are addressed when the border of what is real and what is spectral is subverted, and what kind of role they play in the political and social life of the Acehnese remains to be written. This article is addressed through the author's personal account and reflects that in a certain period of his life living with a ghost can be both a therapeutic process and a meaningful experience.
Hauntology: Theorizing the Spectral in Psychological Anthropology
Authors: Good Byron J.
Published: January 2020

Recent writing in anthropology, particularly of Southeast Asia, suggests a “spectral” turn within ethnographic theorizing, influenced by Jacques Derrida's Specters of Marx and wide‐ranging writing on ghosts, haunting, and spectrality within cultural studies. This article argues that “haunting” and “hauntology” have a critical place within psychological anthropology and theories of subjectivity. The article provides a personal genealogy of how the author has come to use this concept for reflections on over 20 years of work in Indonesia. And it makes four suggestions for theorizing hauntology in psychological anthropology. It suggests first, that hauntology requires that we address the complex processes through which traumatic dimensions of contested historical experience are simultaneously kept hidden and made visible, and second that such accounts must address the complex relations between individual psychological experience and the political, which in turn requires a conception of the barred self and its haunting. Third, it suggests that we address questions of why outbreaks of ghosts appear when they do and what kinds of social and psychological responses they provoke. The article concludes with a brief exploration of the possibilities of a “hauntological ethics.”
Growth factor concentrations in platelet‐rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia: An intra‐subject, randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled, pilot study
Authors: Siah Tee Wei , Guo Hongwei , Chu Thomas , Santos Leopoldo , Nakamura Hisae , Leung Gigi , Shapiro Jerry , McElwee Kevin J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), processed from autologous peripheral blood, is used to treat androgenetic alopecia (AGA).

Objective

To determine the efficacy of PRP for hair growth promotion in AGA patients in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled, pilot clinical trial (NCT02074943).

Methods

The efficacy of an 8 week, five session, PRP treatment course was determined by measuring hair density and hair caliber changes in 10 AGA affected patients. For each PRP sample, the concentrations of selected growth factors were determined using a multiplex assay system. The clinical results were then correlated with the growth factor concentrations in PRP.

Results

At 16 weeks, 8 weeks after the last PRP injection, treated areas exhibited increased mean hair density (+12.76%) over baseline compared to placebo (+0.99%). Mean hair caliber decreased in both treated and placebo regions (−16.22% and −19.46%, respectively). Serial analysis of PRP significant variability in concentrations between patients. Overall, there was a positive correlation between GDNF concentration and hair density (P = .004). Trends, though not statistically significant, were also observed for FGF2 and VEGF.

Limitations

Small sample size and lack of comparative cohorts receiving protocol variations limit confidence in the study data.

Conclusions

This small pilot clinical trial suggests PRP treatment may be beneficial for AGA. However, the variable hair growth responses between patients indicate there is a significant opportunity to improve PRP therapy protocols for hair growth promotion. The variability in growth factor concentration in PRP suggests standardization of growth factors postprocessing might improve hair growth responses.
Confidentiality and Privilege for Family and Child Protection Mediation: A Roadmap for Navigating the Innovation, Inconsistency and Confusion
Authors: Tetunic Fran , Firestone Gregory
Published: January 2020

This article will identify the inconsistency and confusion in mediation regarding the definition of mediation, the role of the mediator, and the difference between mediation confidentiality and privilege. Further, it will discuss the confusion and inconsistency in the protection of mediation communication, specifically regarding the definition of mediation communication, the time frame for protected communication, waiver of the protections and exceptions to protected mediation communication. It will provide a roadmap and fact pattern for determining whether mediation communications are protected and if so, the protection they are afforded. Lastly, it will offer recommendations so parties, professionals and the courts may better understand and reap the benefits of mediation.
Parenting Coordination and Confidentiality: A (Not‐so) Delicate Balance
Authors: Carter Debra K. , Frenkel Douglas N.
Published: January 2020

This article describes the current state and range of information protection in the growing number of states and Canadian provinces that employ parenting coordination in an effort to reduce repeat custody litigation. The predominant approach—in which what is revealed during the process is not confidential—is analyzed in terms of its compatibility with the parenting coordinator's multiple tasks of educating parents, seeking to facilitate agreements, and, if necessary, providing the court with a report, a recommended decision, or an arbitrated result. Using a case scenario with multiple parts, the article then examines such confidentiality schemes in practice by providing an action‐oriented series of questions that illustrate how much of this topic must be resolved through a parenting coordinator's exercise of discretion in the absence of rule clarity. The article then raises a number of policy questions about whether current parenting coordination confidentiality norms strike the optimal or even the correct balance on information protection and concludes by identifying several policy options that might address these questions.
Cohabitation, Registration, and Reliance: Creating A Comprehensive and Just Scheme for Protecting the Interests of Couples' Real Relationships
Authors: Culhane John G.
Published: January 2020

This paper argues that courts and legislatures should recognize and protect adult relationships other than marriage, in two ways. First, couples in committed, cohabitating relationships should be protected when their relationship dissolves—even if they are not formally married. The law in this area is currently inconsistent and confusing, and should be cleaned up to reflect the reality of the lives of committed couples in need of legal protection. Second, all states should establish a registration scheme along the lines of Colorado's designated beneficiary law, which allows couples to flexibly design their legal relationship. This status should include specific arrangements about the ownership of property over the course of a long relationship, and should also be expanded to allow people to enter into more than one such relationship at a time, as long as the rights and obligations are not inconsistent. Given the number of couples operating outside of traditional marriage today, these two reforms will increase certainty of legal outcome and better protect the reliance interests of those in committed relationships.
Legal Recognition of Plural Unions: Is A Nonmarital Relationship Status the Answer to the Dilemma?
Authors: Goldfarb Sally F.
Published: January 2020

Intimate relationships involving three or more adults are increasingly visible in American society. Multiparty relationships, which are also known as plural unions, mainly take two different forms: systemic polygyny and polyamory. Family law currently denies recognition to all plural unions. Granting legal recognition to multiparty relationships would advance the goal of family pluralism and expand access to valuable legal protections. However, the possibility of granting official recognition to plural unions must be approached with caution, because systemic polygyny poses a serious risk of harm to women and children arising from the imposition of oppressive gender roles. A possible solution to this dilemma lies in offering a formal nonmarital status (such as civil union, domestic partnership, reciprocal beneficiary, or designated beneficiary) to participants in plural unions. As a result of their differing attitudes toward marriage, polyamorists would be likely to embrace a nonmarital relationship status, while participants in systemic polygyny would most likely reject it. Thus, providing a nonmarital status for plural unions could allow polyamorists to obtain the benefits of relationship recognition, without placing the government's seal of approval on the oppressive aspects of systemic polygyny.
Ice Ice Baby: The De Facto Termination of Parental Rights by an Enforcement Agency
Authors: Raffington Trishawn
Published: January 2020

The current administration's zero tolerance stance on illegal immigration has resulted in the separation of thousands of families and the de facto termination of parental rights. While undocumented parents were always at risk of detainment, expanded immigration enforcement under the Trump administration has greatly increased that risk. Detainment has directly and indirectly resulted in the prolonged separation of parents from their children. This Note proposes a Department of Homeland Security Regulation that will require ICE to use the least restrictive methods to achieve its goals while emphasizing efforts to keep families together.
Getting Tough on International Child Abduction
Authors: Messitte Judge Peter J.
Published: January 2020

International child abduction, typically undertaken by one of the child's parents, has become an increasing problem in recent years, particularly in the United States. Parents have encountered serious difficulties in repatriating an abducted child. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, signed by the U.S. and many other countries, establishes an international procedure for pursuing claims of child abduction. The Office of Children's Issues of the Bureau of Consular Affairs of the U.S. Department of State is the Central Authority that administers the Convention and its implementing legislation for the United States. In the author's view (and his alone), the Office of Children's Issues has not been sufficiently vigorous in seeking sanctions against countries that do not comply with the Convention. Even after Congress passed legislation in 2014 specifically directing the State Department to apply increasingly severe sanctions against noncompliant countries (the Sean and David Goldman Act), the State Department has still essentially failed to do so. Brazil is one signatory to the Hague Convention that the State Department itself has determined to be consistently noncompliant with the Convention since 2013. Yet the State Department has failed to impose significant sanctions on Brazil, among other countries.
Phenological responses in a sycamore–aphid–parasitoid system and consequences for aphid population dynamics: A 20 year case study
Authors: Senior Vicki L. , Evans Luke C. , Leather Simon R. , Oliver Tom H. , Evans Karl L.
Published: January 2020

Species interactions have a spatiotemporal component driven by environmental cues, which if altered by climate change can drive shifts in community dynamics. There is insufficient understanding of the precise time windows during which inter‐annual variation in weather drives phenological shifts and the consequences for mismatches between interacting species and resultant population dynamics—particularly for insects. We use a 20 year study on a tri‐trophic system: sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, two associated aphid species Drepanosiphum platanoidis and Periphyllus testudinaceus and their hymenopteran parasitoids. Using a sliding window approach, we assess climatic drivers of phenology in all three trophic levels. We quantify the magnitude of resultant trophic mismatches between aphids and their plant hosts and parasitoids, and then model the impacts of these mismatches, direct weather effects and density dependence on local‐scale aphid population dynamics. Warmer temperatures in mid‐March to late‐April were associated with advanced sycamore budburst, parasitoid attack and (marginally) D. platanoidis emergence. The precise time window during which spring weather advances phenology varies considerably across each species. Crucially, warmer temperatures in late winter delayed the emergence of both aphid species. Seasonal variation in warming rates thus generates marked shifts in the relative timing of spring events across trophic levels and mismatches in the phenology of interacting species. Despite this, we found no evidence that aphid population growth rates were adversely impacted by the magnitude of mismatch with their host plants or parasitoids, or direct impacts of temperature and precipitation. Strong density dependence effects occurred in both aphid species and probably buffered populations, through density‐dependent compensation, from adverse impacts of the marked inter‐annual climatic variation that occurred during the study period. These findings explain the resilience of aphid populations to climate change and uncover a key mechanism, warmer winter temperatures delaying insect phenology, by which climate change drives asynchronous shifts between interacting species.