bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of N‐(α‐Aminobenzyl)formamides.
Authors: DEVI P. , BOULTON A. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Quinones in the Iron Porphyrin Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzene and Alkylbenzenes by Magnesium Monoperoxyphthalate.
Authors: BACIOCCHI E. , LANZALUNGA O. , LAPI A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Behavior of the Furazan‐N‐methanide Analogue of the Furoxan System. Ring Expansion: New Routes to 6H‐1,2,5‐oxadiazines. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: BUTLER R. N. , DALY K. M. , MCMAHON J. M. , BURKE L. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fulgides and Photochromism. Synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐5‐ Dicyanomethylene‐4‐dicyclopropylmethylene‐3‐(1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐furyl) ethylidene)tetrahydrofuran‐2‐one.
Authors: SUN Z. , HOSMANE R. S. , TADROS M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thienoquinonoid‐Extended Analogues of Bis(alkylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalenes and their Conductive Complexes
Authors: TAKAHASHI K. , TOMITANI K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Bromodifluoromethylation of Chiral Imide Enolates via Insertion of Difluorocarbene.
Authors: ISEKI K. , ASADA D. , TAKAHASHI M. , NAGAI T. , KOBAYASHI Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of CoLn(BO2)5 (Ln: Y, Gd) and NiLn(BO2)5 (Ln: Nd, Gd).
Authors: CAMPA J. A. , CASCALES C. , GUTIERREZ PUEBLA E. , MIRA J. , MONGE M. A. , RASINES I. , RIVAS J. , RUIZ VALERO C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Defects of the Unit Cell and Magnetic Ordering in Y3‐xGdxFe5‐yAlyO12 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 3; y = 0.3, 0.8, and 1.5).
Authors: VOROB'EV YU. P. , GONCHAROV O. YU. , TITOROVA D. V. , FETISOV V. B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdotungstovanadates (V2MonW(4‐n)O19)4‐.
Authors: HASTINGS J. J. , HOWARTH O. W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Rare‐Earth Doping on the Electrophysical Properties of Bulk Crystals of AIIIBV‐Type Semiconductors.
Authors: ZAKHARENKOV L. F. , KOZLOVSKII V. V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalysis by Lanthanides Dispersed on Supports (Silica, Alumina and Active Carbon).
Authors: KONISHI T. , SUDA E. , IMAMURA H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metastable Double Niobates and Tantalates of Barium and Aluminum or Gallium with a Perovskite‐Type Structure.
Authors: SALAK A. N. , SHILIN A. D. , OLEKHNOVICH N. M. , ZHABKO T. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxo Complex of Aluminum.
Authors: IPPOLITOV E. G. , TRIPOL'SKAYA T. A. , PILIPENKO G. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ((E)‐γ‐(1,3,2‐Dioxaborinanyl)allyl)diisopinocampheylborane, an Exceptional Reagent for the Stereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of anti‐1‐Alkene‐3,4‐diols via a Masked α‐Hydroxyallylboration.
Authors: BROWN H. C. , NARLA G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Effect of Surfactant on Flavin Photochemistry: Monomerization of Thymine Cyclobutane Dimers Photosensitized by Flavins in the Presence of SDS in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: YASUDA M. , NAKAZONO T. , HAMASAKI T. , NISHINAKA Y. , NAKAMURA N. , PAC C. , SHIMA K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Regioselective Reduction of 1,2‐Epoxides by Ammonium Formate.
Authors: DRAGOVICH P. S. , PRINS T. J. , ZHOU R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Fluorination of Sulfoxides Bearing α‐Hydrogens by Molecular Fluorine. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of α‐ Fluorosulfones.
Authors: CHIBA J. , SUGIHARA T. , KANEKO C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Two‐Step Procedure for the Synthesis of Substituted Allylic Amines from Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: SEN S. E. , ROACH S. L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel‐Crafts ipso‐Acylations of 2‐Substituted 4‐tert‐Butylanisoles and p‐tert‐Butylmethoxymetacyclophanes.
Authors: YAMATO T. , MAEDA K. , KAMIMURA H. , NODA K. , TASHIRO M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Acetals by Rhodium Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Alkenes in the Presence of Orthoformate.
Authors: SOULANTICA K. , SIROL S. , KOINIS S. , PNEUMATIKAKIS G. , KALCK P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Selective Allyl Transfer Reagent: Facile Entry to β‐Hydroxy Enol Silyl Ethers Bearing Two Contiguous Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: SZYMONIAK J. , LEFRANC H. , BESANCON J. , MOISE C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reformatsky Reaction of 1‐Acyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazoles. A Convenient Preparation of 4‐Amino‐3‐oxoalkanoic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: KASHIMA C. , KITA I. , TAKAHASHI K. , HOSOMI A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers: Electrophilic Cyclization of Tetrahydrofuroisoxazolines.
Authors: BEEBE X. , CHIAPPARI C. L. , OLMSTEAD M. M. , KURTH M. J. , SCHORE N. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequence‐Selective Peptide Binding with a Synthetic Receptor.
Authors: YOON S. S. , STILL W. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solid‐Phase CBZ Chloride Equivalent ‐ A New Matrix Specific Linker.
Authors: HAUSKE J. R. , DORFF P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Sulfinyl Derivatives Using (‐)‐Menthyl 4‐Bromobenzenesulfinate.
Authors: CHERKAOUI M. Z. , NICOUD J.‐F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of a Five‐Membered Carbocyclic Ring by Reaction of Zirconacyclopentane with RCOCl (R: Ph, iPr, Et).
Authors: TAKAHASHI T. , KOTORA M. , XI Z.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Carbo‐ and Heteropolycycles. Part 31. 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Functions with Nitrones under High Pressure Conditions. A New and Direct Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: YU Y. , FUJITA H. , OHNO M. , EGUCHI S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐2,2‐dimethylnaphthalen‐1‐ones as New Potassium Channel Activators with Increased Airways Selectivity.
Authors: ALMANSA C. , GOMEZ L. A. , CAVALCANTI F. L. , RODRIGUEZ R. , GARCIA‐RAFANELL J. , FORN J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives from N‐Arylaldimines and Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: MAKIOKA Y. , SHINDO T. , TANIGUCHI Y. , TAKAKI K. , FUJIWARA Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Cyclization Route to Some 4‐Substituted 3‐Aminoisoquinolines.
Authors: SUZUKI H. , ABE H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolo(2,3‐d)pyrimidines. Part 1. Synthesis of Novel Pyrrolo(2,3‐d) pyrimidine Derivatives with Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: EL‐BAYOUKI K. A. M. , BASYOUNI W. M. , HOSNI H. , EL‐DEEN A. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diaprepal A2 Cadinane Analogues; Efficient Access to Polyoxygenated Cadinanes.
Authors: BEAUHAIRE J. , DUCROT P.‐H. , SIMON I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of ortho Esterification under Kinetically Controlled Conditions to the Selective Acylation in the D‐Gluco‐, D‐Ribo‐ and D‐ Xylo‐furanose Series.
Authors: BOUCHRA M. , CALINAUD P. , GELAS J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Sugar Acetylene by Nicholas Reaction.
Authors: TANAKA S. , ISOBE M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the First Pseudosugar‐C‐disaccharide. A Potential Antigen for Eliciting Glycoside‐Bond Forming Antibodies with Catalytic Groups.
Authors: BARBAUD C. , BOLS M. , LUNDT I. , SIERKS M. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Enol Ethers in Asymmetric Synthesis: Preparation of the β‐ Oxygenated Lactones (‐)‐Blastmycinolactol, (+)‐Blastmycinone, (‐)‐NFX‐ 2, and (+)‐Antimycinone.
Authors: DE AZEVEDO M. B. M. , GREENE A. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicolor Thin Film Electroluminescent Displays: A New Application of Rare Earth Metals
Authors: HAERKOENEN G. , LEPPAENEN M. , SOININEN E. , TOERNQVIST R. , VILJANEN J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity and Magnetism in Quaternary F (F: Y or f Elements) Transition Metal Borocarbides and Magnetic Properties of LnNi4B (R: Y or Rare Earth)
Authors: NAGARAJAN R. , GUPTA L. C. , MAZUMDAR C. , HOSSAIN Z. , DHAR S. K. , GODART C. , PADALIA B. D. , VIJAYARAGHAVAN R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sphingosines. Part 12. Sphingosines ‐ an Oxa‐Cope Rearrangement Route for Their Synthesis
Authors: SCHMIDT R. R. , BAER T. , WILD R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of D,D‐Peptidase and beta‐Lactamase Inhibitors: Azapeptides, Oxapeptides and Related Heterocycles
Authors: MARCHAND‐BRYNAERT J. , MOUGENOT P. , COMBRET Y. , BELOTTI D. , GUILLOT N. , GHOSEZ L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Atypical molecular profile for joint development in the avian costal joint
Authors: Winslow B.B. , Burke A.C.
Published: September 2010

Development of synovial joints involves generation of cartilaginous anlagen, formation of interzones between cartilage anlagen, and cavitation of interzones to produce fluid filled cavities. Interzone development is not fully understood, but interzones are thought to develop from skeletogenic cells that are inhibited from further chondrogenic development by a cascade of gene expression including Wnt and Bmp family members. We examined the development of the rarely studied avian costal joint to better understand mechanisms of joint development. The costal joint is found within ribs, is morphologically similar to the metatarsophalangeal joint, and undergoes cavitation in a similar manner. In contrast to other interzones, Wnt14/9a, Gdf5, Chordin, Barx1, and Bapx1 are absent from the costal joint interzone, consistent with the absence of active β‐catenin and phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8. However Autotaxin and Noggin are expressed. The molecular profile of the costal joint suggests there are alternative mechanisms of interzone development. Developmental Dynamics 239:2547–2557, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity and organizational innovation: The role of employee involvement
Authors: Yang Yang , Konrad Alison M.
Published: September 2010

This study examined the interactive effects of workplace diversity and employee involvement on organizational innovation. Using a sample of 182 large Canadian organizations, we found a three‐way interaction between level of employee involvement, variation in involvement, and racioethnic diversity on innovation. In organizations with high levels of employee involvement, high variation in involvement was associated with higher involvement levels among racioethnic minorities, resulting in a stronger association between diversity and innovation. Furthermore, the association between White employee involvement and innovation was significantly more positive under the condition of high involvement among racioethnic minority group members. Thus, ensuring high levels of involvement among members of historically marginalized racioethnic groups enhances the innovation effects of employee empowerment systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelength‐dependent amplitude of Teflon Raman lines
Authors: Manka C. K. , Nikitin S. , Lunsford R. , Kunapareddy P. , Grun J.
Published: September 2010

Raman and other spectroscopy systems operating in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) spectral region below 250 nm lack scattering standards. Such standards are particularly important for experiments that use multiwavelength excitation and/or when results are compared across different experiment platforms. Teflon has been used as an external standard in the visible and near‐IR spectral regions and has been suggested for use in the ultraviolet (UV). Comparison of the relative amplitudes of prominent Teflon Raman lines indicates a significant effect on line ratios when the excitation wavelength is below 250 nm. This dependence on excitation wavelength has been commented on previously and attributed to pre‐resonance effects, but no detailed examination had been undertaken to date. We present the results of a study of Teflon Raman line ratios obtained from closely spaced excitation wavelengths in the DUV from 210 to 320 nm. The 731 cm−1 line is identified as well suited for a standard. Electronic transition energies associated with resonance of principal Teflon Raman lines are obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Ionic Homo‐ and Copolymers with H‐Donor and H‐Acceptor Units with an UCST in Water
Authors: Seuring Jan , Agarwal Seema
Published: September 2010

A well‐studied example of a thermoresponsive polymer is PNiPAAm, which exhibits a sharp coil‐to‐globule transition in water at its LCST. A study relating to the missing counterpart of LCST polymers is presented: N‐acryloylglycinamide (NAGA) homopolymer and copolymers from NAGA and N‐acetylacrylamide (NAcAAm) that show a sharp UCST (where the sharpness depends on the composition). The polymers were synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization and the copolymerization parameters were determined by the method of Kelen‐Tüdös. The UCST was investigated by turbidimetry, regarding the influence of the copolymer composition, the polymer concentration and the addition of electrolytes.

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Hydrogen‐Bonded Shape‐Persistent Aryl Hydrazide Polymers: Side‐Chain‐Tuned Formation of Vesicles and Organogels
Authors: Zhou Cen , Cai Wei , Wang Gui‐Tao , Zhao Xin , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: September 2010

A new class of aromatic, hydrazide‐based, zigzag polymer has been synthesized using the Yamazaki polymerization conditions. Hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic side chains are introduced to the backbones to tune their solubility in organic solvents of different polarities. The side chains form successive, intramolecular, six‐membered RO···HN hydrogen bonds, which increase the planarity of the backbones. The new shape‐persistent polymers are revealed to self‐assemble into vesicles or fibers to gelate organic solvents of different polarities. The polymeric backbones may be regarded as a conceptual extension of the emerging foldamers, which are usually constructed from oligomeric backbones.

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Controlled RAFT Cyclopolymerization of Oriented Styrenic Difunctional Monomers
Authors: Sharma Arvind K. , Cornaggia Claudio , Pasini Dario
Published: September 2010

We describe the first example of controlled free radical cyclopolymerization of difunctional styrenic monomers. The newly designed monomers are obtained from the introduction of two 4‐vinylbenzyl moieties as malonate or dialkylated malonate esters. The more sterically hindered monomer is particularly efficient in the cyclization and propagation processes, giving cyclopolymers, in diluted solvent conditions, with good yields and degrees of polymerization. In the presence of a suitable RAFT mediator, and, upon careful optimization of the solvent, temperature and monomer concentration, a linear increase in the number average molecular weight with conversion and low polydispersity indexes can be achieved.

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Radiation‐Grafted Fluoropolymers Soaked with Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids for High‐Performance Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators
Authors: Lee Jang Yeol , Wang Hyuck Sik , Yoon Bye Ri , Han Man Jae , Jho Jae Young
Published: September 2010

On purpose to develop a polymer actuator with high stability in air‐operation as well as large bending displacement, a series of ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) was constructed with poly(styrene sulfonate)‐grafted fluoropolymers as ionomeric matrix and immidazolium‐based ionic liquids (IL) as inner solvent. The prepared IPMC actuators exhibited greatly enhanced bending displacement compared to Nafion‐based actuators. The actuators were stable in air‐operation, maintaining initial displacement for up to 104 cycles or 24 h. Investigating the material parameters and morphology of the IPMCs, high ion exchange capacity of the ionomers resulted in high ion conductivity and robust electrode of IPMC, which synergistically contributed to the high bending performance.

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Nanofibers Self‐assembled from Structural Complementary Borono‐decapeptides
Authors: Chen Chang‐Sheng , Ji Tian‐Jiao , Xu Xiao‐Ding , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi
Published: September 2010

A series of structural complementary decapeptides with phenyl boronic acid tails or borono‐decapeptides (BPs) were designed and synthesized for supramolecular self‐assembly. After dissolving these borono‐decapeptides in deionized (DI) water, well‐defined nanofibers were formed in BP1 (B(OH)2VEKELVKEKL‐OH) and BP3 (B(OH)2AELELARARL‐OH). It was found that the self‐assembled borono‐decapeptide BP1 and BP3 have a parallel β‐sheet conformation in the formed nanofibers. The strategy demonstrated here shows a great prospect in preparation of well‐ordered nanofibers via rationally designing the molecular structures of peptides.

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Synthesis and comparative properties of two amide‐generating resin linkers for use in solid phase peptide synthesis
Authors: Deng Fang‐Kun , Mandal Kalyaneswar , Luisier Sam , Kent Stephen B. H.
Published: September 2010

Well‐characterized resins of high purity are critical for effective solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The quality of commercial (4‐methyl)benzhydrylamine‐resin (MBHA‐resin), used for the synthesis of peptide amides, is not consistent and residual ketone functionalities are frequently present. Such ketone or aldehyde impurities lead to the formation of acylation‐resistant deletion peptides in SPPS. To avoid these undesirable side reactions, we have optimized the preparation of two amide‐generating linkers, which, in combination with aminomethyl‐resin prepared directly from polystyrene resin, serve as alternatives to MBHA‐resin for peptide amide synthesis. Then we have explored their comparative properties in SPPS. Use of sonication in reductive amination facilitated the synthesis of both benzhydrylamine (BHA) and MBHA linkers. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathophysiology of fatty acid oxidation disorders
Authors: Bennett M. J.
Published: September 2010

Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation represents an important pathway for energy generation during periods of increased energy demand such as fasting, febrile illness and muscular exertion. In liver, the primary end products of the pathway are ketone bodies, which are released into the circulation and provide energy to tissues that are not able to oxidize fatty acids such as brain. Other tissues, such as cardiac and skeletal muscle are capable of direct utilization of the fatty acids as sources of energy. This article provides an overview of the pathogenesis of fatty acid oxidation disorders. It describes the different tissue involvement with the disease processes and correlates disease phenotype with the nature of the genetic defect for the known disorders of the pathway.
Lilies Do Not Spin: A Challenge to Female Social Norms
Authors: Johnson Lee A. , Tannehill Robert C.
Published: September 2010

The saying about the birds and lilies presents a challenge to the expected domestic roles of men, in providing food, and women, in providing clothing, opening the possibility that these duties can be neglected because of a higher priority. This challenge is relevant to situations reflected in other Q texts. The challenge is a threat both to a family's livelihood and to honor status. Evidence is presented showing that spinning and weaving have special importance in cultural models of the ideal woman and contribute to a woman's honor. This evidence broadens our awareness of the potential conflict with social norms in the birds and lilies passage.
The Eagle and the Dove: Roman Imperial Sonship and the Baptism of Jesus (Mark 1.9-11)
Authors: Peppard Michael
Published: September 2010

This essay argues that the common understanding of imperial divine sonship among biblical scholars can be reframed by emphasizing the importance of adoption in Roman society and imperial ideology. A case study from the Gospel of Mark—the portrayal of Jesus' baptism—demonstrates some of the pay-off for reading the NT with a newly contextualized perspective on divine sonship. Through engagement with diverse sources from the Hellenistic and Roman eras, the dove will be interpreted as an omen and counter-symbol to the Roman eagle, which was a public portent of divine favor, election, and ascension to power.
Keine Quästoren in Korinth: Zu Goodrichs (und Theißens) These über das Amt des Erastos (Röm 16.23)
Authors: Weiss Alexander
Published: September 2010

In a recent article, Goodrich has revived the thesis of Theissen, that Erastos, the οἰκονόμος τῆς πόλεως (Rom 16.23), held the office of quaestor when Paul met him in Corinth. This article, however, argues that the municipal office of quaestor did not exist in Corinth.
Efficient generation of multi-gigawatt power by a klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator
Authors: Xiao R.Z. , Zhang X.W. , Zhang L.J. , Li X.Z. , Zhang L.G. , Song W. , Hu Y.M. , Sun J. , Huo S.F. , Chen C.H. , Zhang Q.Y. , Liu G.Z.
Published: September 2010

Efficient generation regime with a high power output has been experimentally realized in a klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator, in which a modulation cavity is inserted between the slow wave structure to decrease the energy spread of modulated beam electrons, and an extraction cavity is employed at the end of the slow wave structure to further recover energy from the electron beam. At a guiding magnetic field of 2.2 T, a microwave pulse with power of 6.5 GW, frequency of 4.26 GHz, pulse duration of 38 ns, and efficiency of 36% was generated when the diode voltage was 1.1 MV, and diode current was 16.4 kA. When the diode voltage was 820 kV, efficiency up to 47% with microwave power 4.4 GW was also realized experimentally.
Extensification — implications for animal performance, health and welfare
Authors: Waterhouse A.
Published: September 2010

Pressures to reduce stocking densities (extensify) are arising for a number of reasons. There are two main options once the decision to reduce stocking occurs: (1) to maintain management and physical inputs pro rata to remaining livestock which may or may not have full access to the same land area; (2) to reduce management and/or physical inputs to remaining stock because of real or perceived increases in availability of grazed resources to remaining livestock. These two options have widely different implications for the health, welfare and performance of the extensified systems. A third option open to producers is merely to reduce inputs, de-intensify, without reducing stock numbers. All the options raise major questions in relation to their benefit or otherwise to ecological or landscape values which tend to be underpinning these initiatives. However, significant uncertainty arises as to how producers will respond. Economic factors will play a part in justifying changes and levels of compensation deemed adequate. Levels of animal performance are crucial in terms of economic viability and as an indicator of animal welfare. Three programmes of research work are in hand in the UK which address these concerns and the associated impact on the environment. At ADAS's Redesdale and Pwllpeiran Farms the experimental protocol has been to reduce stocking rate with no change in inputs per ewe. At SAC's Kirkton and Auchtertyre unit a different farm scale strategy has been adopted. Here stock numbers have been reduced, but alongside these physical (food) and management inputs (labour) have also been reduced. Preliminary data on animal performance from all experiments suggests no improvement in animal performance as a result of reduced stocking density. In the latter study, where inputs per ewe have also been reduced, reduced output per ewe has been found, partly as a result of increased lamb mortality.
Observed characteristics of Mozambique Channel eddies
Authors: Swart N. C. , Lutjeharms J. R. E. , Ridderinkhof H. , de Ruijter W. P. M.
Published: September 2010

The flow in the Mozambique Channel is dominated by large, southward propagating, anti‐cyclonic eddies, as opposed to a steady western boundary current. These Mozambique Channel eddies feed their waters into the Agulhas Current system, where they are thought to have a significant influence on the formation of the Natal Pulse and Agulhas Ring shedding. Here we use in situ hydrographic and nutrient data, together with satellite altimetry and surface velocity profilers to provide a detailed characterization of the Mozambique Channel eddies. Two warm eddies in the Channel at 20°S and 24°S had diameters of over 200 km. They rotated anti‐cyclonically with a tangential velocity of over 0.5 m.s−1. Vertical sections show that the eddies reached to the bottom of the water column. Relative to the surrounding waters, the features were warm and saline. The total heat and salt anomalies for the southernmost eddy were computed relative to a reference station close by. At 24°S the total anomalies were 1.3 × 1020 J and 6.9 × 1012 kg, respectively, being on par with Agulhas rings. Mozambique Channel eddies thus have the potential to form a major contribution to the southward eddy heat flux in the Agulhas Current system. The feature also had positive nutrient and negative oxygen anomalies. The large magnitude of the water mass anomalies within the eddy suggests that interannual variability in Mozambique Channel eddy numbers would have a significant impact on downstream water mass characteristics.
A far‐infrared radiative closure study in the Arctic: Application to water vapor
Authors: Delamere J. S. , Clough S. A. , Payne V. H. , Mlawer E. J. , Turner D. D. , Gamache R. R.
Published: September 2010

Far‐infrared (λ > 15.0 μm) (far‐IR) radiative processes provide a large fraction of Earth's outgoing longwave radiation and influence upper tropospheric vertical motion. Water vapor, because of its abundance and strong absorption properties over an extended spectral range, is the primary source of these radiative processes. Historically, the lack of spectrally resolved radiometric instruments and the opacity of the lower atmosphere have precluded extensive studies of far‐IR water vapor absorption properties. The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program has organized a series of field experiments, the Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaigns (RHUBC), to address this deficiency. The first phase of RHUBC took place in 2007 at the ARM North Slope of Alaska Climate Research Facility. Measurements taken before and during this campaign have provided the basis for a clear‐sky radiative closure study aimed at reducing key uncertainties associated with far‐IR radiative transfer models. Extended‐range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer infrared radiance observations taken in clear sky conditions were compared against calculations from the Line‐By‐Line Radiative Transfer Model. The water vapor column amounts used in these calculations were retrieved from 183 GHz radiometer measurements. The uncertainty in these integrated water vapor retrievals is approximately 2%, a notable improvement over past studies. This far‐IR radiative closure study resulted in an improvement to the Mlawer‐Tobin Clough‐Kneiyzs‐Davies (MT_CKD) water vapor foreign continuum model and updates to numerous, far‐IR water vapor line parameters from their values in the circa 2006 version of the HITRAN molecular line parameter database.
Occurrence of monsoon depressions in the Southwest Indian Ocean: Synoptic descriptions and stratosphere to troposphere exchange investigations
Authors: Baray Jean‐Luc , Clain Gaëlle , Plu Matthieu , Feld Elodie , Caroff Philippe
Published: September 2010

This study focuses on Monsoon Depressions (MD) in the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) basin. A MD is a subcategory of tropical depressions. Some aspects of MD dynamical characteristics differ from those of the classical tropical depressions. A MD displays a broader horizontal extension (>1000 km), and its structure is marked by deep convection clusters that are generally poorly organized. These convective clusters often develop as a wide convection belt in the eastern semicircle of the system. The MD nucleus is characterized by an area of weak winds about 200 km wide and by a hazy central cloud system, surrounded by a larger belt of strong winds. In the SWIO basin, between 2000 and 2008, 5 systems, out of the 100 tropical cyclones that were followed by RSMC La Réunion, comply with these criteria and then have been identified as MD. Using potential vorticity from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts analyses as stratospheric tracer, stratospheric signatures have been identified in the troposphere for the five events, involving different dynamical mechanisms: tropopause fold between an anticyclone and MD, tropopause fold between MD and a jet front system, and cut‐off low. The dynamical structure of MD, especially the external belt of strong winds, seems to favor tropopause disturbances and leads to stratosphere–troposphere exchange.
Application and assessment of a multiscale data integration method to saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil
Authors: Li Na , Ren Li
Published: September 2010

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is one of the most important physical properties of the soil. Inherent spatial variability of soil properties makes it necessary to obtain sufficient and reliableKsin order to reduce the uncertainty in hydrological modeling. In this study, we employ a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework combined with upscaling techniques and an efficient adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, namely, Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis (DRAM), for spatial modeling of fine‐scaleKsin soil conditioned on coarse‐scaleKsdata and some prior information. Within this hierarchical framework, the posterior distribution of the fine‐scaleKsfield is formulated to incorporate all of the conditional information from different scales, which involves upscaling operators of non‐explicit form and especially is high dimensional. The computational challenge of exploring the posterior distribution with complicated structure is solved by means of the DRAM algorithm. Two synthetic examples involving integration of two or three different scales of conductivity data are used to illustrate the implementation of these approaches. Further validation is provided using distributed in situ measurements ofKsfrom soils in northwest China. Subsequently, a series of representative numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the power and utility of these approaches under a range of soil conditions with varying levels of spatial heterogeneity, correlation length, and anisotropy. Overall, the Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework combined with upscaling techniques and DRAM sampling strategies was shown to be a viable tool for reconciling different scales of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil. Our numerical investigations provide a comprehensive numerical validation of the method, illustrating its applicability and limitations.
Light elements, volatiles, and stable isotopes in basaltic melt inclusions from Grenada, Lesser Antilles: Inferences for magma genesis
Authors: Bouvier A.‐S. , Métrich N. , Deloule E.
Published: September 2010

Grenada Island is located at the southern end of the Lesser Antilles. Grenada lavas display a large range in compositions which includes picrites, representing the parental melt of all Grenada suites. We present here an extensive study of major, light and volatile elements combined with δD, δ11B and δ7Li determinations of melt inclusions hosted in olivines (Fo86–91) from picritic scoriae. The major element compositions of melt inclusions encompass those of Grenada basalts. Their H2O contents typically range from 0.2 to 4.1 wt% (one value at 6.4 wt%). Such extreme range stands in contrast with typical arc magmas for a single volcanic center. The high H2O contents are associated with strongly negative values of δD (on average −140‰). Melt inclusions display a wide range in B (1.7–47 ppm) and Li (1.1–12 ppm) contents as well as in δ7Li and δ11B, which vary from −24 to 8.2‰ and from −20 to 8.9‰, respectively. Both B and Li compositions of Grenada melt inclusions suggest (i) the involvement of dehydration fluids or hydrous silicate melts derived from buried carbonate‐bearing sediments, (ii) the contribution of aqueous fluids generated during the dehydration of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust, and (iii) melting of a mantle metasomatized by the addition of high δ11B, high‐Cl, Li‐poor fluids derived from the early dehydration of serpentinized peridotite above the slab beneath Grenada.
Interaction with receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) sensitizes the phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 towards hydrolysis of cAMP and activation by protein kinase C
Authors: Bird Rebecca J. , Baillie George S. , Yarwood Stephen J.
Published: September 2010

We have previously identified the PKC (protein kinase C)-anchoring protein RACK1 (receptor for activated C-kinase 1), as a specific binding partner for the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5, suggesting a potential site for cross-talk between the PKC and cAMP signalling pathways. In the present study we found that elevation of intracellular cAMP, with the β2-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (isoprenaline), led to activation of PDE4 enzymes in the particulate and soluble fractions of HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. In contrast activation of PDE4D5, with isoproterenol and the PKC activator PMA, was restricted to the particulate fraction, where it interacts with RACK1; however, RACK1 is dispensable for anchoring PDE4D5 to the particulate fraction. Kinetic studies demonstrated that RACK1 alters the conformation of particulate-associated PDE4D5 so that it more readily interacts with its substrate cAMP and with rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor that specifically targets the active site of the enzyme. Interaction with RACK1 was also essential for PKC-dependent and ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)-independent phosphorylation (on Ser126), and activation of PDE4D5 in response to PMA and isoproterenol, both of which trigger the recruitment of PKCα to RACK1. Together these results reveal novel signalling cross-talk, whereby RACK1 mediates PKC-dependent activation of PDE4D5 in the particulate fraction of HEK-293 cells in response to elevations in intracellular cAMP.