bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and experimental Studies in Amyloidosis.1,2,3
Authors: GRAYZEL H. G. , JACOBI M. , WARSHALL H. B. , BOGIN M. , KRAMER B.
Published: January 2008

1. The method of production of amyloid is described briefly.

2. Powdered whole liver added to the diet markedly retards the formation of amyloid.

3. A similar effect is produced by the addition of vitamins A and B in combination to the diet.

4. Cholesterol, two liver extracts, and ground beef exert no such effects.

5. Powdered whole liver added to the diet brings about the resorption of previously formed amyloid already deposited in the organs in moderate amounts.

6. The rôle of the reticulo‐endothelial system in the production of amyloidosis is briefly discussed.

7. The inter‐relation of the powdered whole liver and the reticulo‐endothelial system in the resorption of amyloid is suggested and discussed briefly.
Erworbene Lähmungen bei jungen Säuglingen.
Authors: LANGE. Prof. Dr. CORNELIA DE
Published: January 2008

Mitgeteilt werden zwei Fälle von Lähmungen bei jungen Säuglingen. Im ersten Fall handelte es sick um ein Kind von 5 Wochen, wo die Arme ganz sehlaff waren, die Beine etwas weniger. Es gelang nicht, die Ätiologie festzustellen, wenn auch anfänglich Diphtherie einigermassen wahrscheinlich schien. Die pathologisch‐anatomische TJntersuchung war ganz negativ.

Im zweiten Fall wurde das Kind am 15. Lebenstag krank mit leichten Zuckungen, darauf folgte eine vollständige Lähmung von Armen, Beinen, Atmungsmuskeln, Halsmuskeln. Tod am 20. Lebenstag durch Atmungsinsuffizienz infolge Entzündung des Cervikal‐ und Thorakalmarks. Die Ganglienzellen im Vagusgebiet waren ziemlich intakt, wenn es auch stellenweise etwas Infiltrat in den Kernen gab.

Gemäss dem, was die schwedischen Untersucher bereits vor Jahren gesagt haben, nämlich dass in jedem ernsten Fall von Poliomyelitis eine diffuse Ausbreitung des Prozesses über den Gehirnstamm die gewöhnliche Ausbreitung sei, wurde eine Myelo‐Encephalitis disseminata gefunden, die besonders stark war im Lumbal‐ und im Cervikalmark, in der Substantia reticularis und in der Substantia nigra. Anlässlich letzterer Tatsache wird hingewiesen auf das (mit einer einzigen Ausnahme) Fehlen von Parkinsonismus in der mitgeteilten Symptomatologie der Heine‐Medinschen Krankheit und wird die Vermutung ausgesprochen, das bisweilen mit Unrecht die Diagnose Encephalitis epidemica gestellt sein möge in Fällen, die zur Heine‐Medinschen Krankheit gerechnet werden sollten. Es wird als nicht richtig erachtet, dass die rumänischen Untersucher anlässlich eines Falles von vorübergehendem Parkinsonismus bei einem Mädchen mit der Heine‐Medin‐schen Krankheit einen neuen, mesocephalen Typus aufstellen wollen.

Man muss Pette, Demme und Kornyey (l. c.) durchaus beistimmen, dass es nötig ist, um, wie Überall, auch in der Substantia nigra, zu unterscheiden zwischen mesodermalgliogener Reaktion und dem Ergriffenwerden der Ganglienzellen selbst. In ersterem Fall ist kein Parkinsonismus zu erwarten.

Es gelang nicht, in den Ganglienzellen der am stärksten angegriffenen Teile des Rückenmarks Kerneinschlüsse zu fin‐den. Die Aufmerksamkeit wird gelenkt auf die Entartung der intra‐ und extramedullären Wurzelfasern, welche innerhalb weniger Tage auftrat.

Eine Hyperplasie des lymphoiden Gewebes wurde nicht angetroffen. Veränderungen in Muskeln und peripherischen Nerven konnten nicht festgestellt werden.

Es wird künftighin von Bedeutung sein, bei Obduktionen auch zu achten auf die von Marinesco, Mouriquand, Dechaume und Sédallian gefundenen Prozesse im Darmplexus und in den Ganglia semilunaria, also im neuro‐vegetativen System.

Die Ansicht Spielmeyers, dass der vasale und der Systemfaktor bei der Entstehung der Poliomyelitis keine Rolle spielen, sondern dass das Wesentliche sei die primäre Ent‐zündung der grauen Substanz mit der starken Reaktion des Gefässbindegewebssystem im Sinn einer resorptiven Entzün‐dung, vermag die histologischen Bilder des vorliegenden Falles am besten zu erklären.
Correlatori
Authors: AGUIRRE RAUL CIBILS
Published: January 2008

I) Est‐ce que l'Erythème Noueux est fonction du bacille de Koch ou de l'ultravirus tuberculeux?
Maladie kystique du poumon et sclérose tubéreuse du cerveau
Authors: BERG GUNNAR , VEJLENS GERT
Published: January 2008

Les auteurs décrivent un singulier cas pathologique d'espèce rare, mais offrant certainement un intérêt médical général. Une femme de 32 ans décède d'une maladie pulmonaire chronique, sans présenter de signes de maladie cérébrale. L'examen roentgen et l'autopsie démontrent une altération totale des deux poumons, transformés en kystes, de type inconnu jusqu'ici. A l'autopsie, on constata en outre une sclérose tubéreuse du cerveau avec ses manifestations secondaires habituelles, c. à. d. des tumeurs dans la peau du visage et dans les reins ainsi qu'un splénome dans la rate, altérations qui toutes peuvent être considérées comme intermédiaires entre tumeurs et malformations.

Les auteurs soutiennent l'opinion que toutes ces altérations constituent des phénomènes partiaux d'une maladie générale de malformation, et qu'elles pourraient opportunément être rangées sons la dénomination commune de sclérose tubéreuse (cf. Josephy).

En raison de la présence d'altérations pathologiques concomitantes dans les ovaires, dans l'hypophyse et dans les glandes surrénales, les auteurs expriment la supposition qu'il existe un rapport entre l'apparition de cette maladie tumorigène de malformation et une rupture d'équilibre des fonctions des organes endocriniens.

Addenda. Une soeur de la défunte, de deux ans plus jeune qu'elle, vient d'être examinée postérieurement à l'envoi du manuscrit à l'impression. On constata des naevi de type Pringle au visage, et l'examen roentgenologique montra des altérations pulmonaires cystiques bilatérales étendues.
Allergy and immunity (iathergy) in experimental tuberculosis
Authors: BIRKHAUG KONRAD
Published: January 2008

Carefully controlled studies were made of the leukocytic reactions in BCG‐immunized guinea pigs infected with virulent bovine tubercle bacilli and subsequently allowed to remain in the allergic or the completely desensitized iathergic state. The following significant changes were noted:

1. No clear‐cut deviations in the total leukocyte counts were observed to justify the claim that the variations in leukocytosis alone is a reliable indicator of the degree of tuberculous activity.

2. The monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio is a more sensitive and reliable indicator of tuberculous activity than the neutrophile‐lymphocyte ratio and the neutrophile »shift to the left».

3. The leukocytic index is a valuable aid to accurate interpretation of the leukocytic reactions in terms of favourable or unfavourable pathological activity.

4. The monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio and the leukocytic index furnish reliable evidence that the abolition of allergic hypersensitiveness by careful tuberculin desensitization leaves the mechanism of acquired tuberculo‐resistance intact and significantly retards the pathological activity of virulent tubercle bacilli.
Ernährungszustand und Zahncaries
Authors: JUNDELL I. , BERLIN V.
Published: January 2008

An einem Material von Volksschulkindern, die in der Schule in der möglichst besten Weise zahnärztlich beobachtet und besorgt wurden und an denen die allgemeine Körperentwicklung während der Schuljahre genau registriert word en war, konnte eine regel‐mässige Beziehung zwischen Über‐ bezw. Unterernährung und Zahncaries nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Some remarks on the physiologic red blood picture during the first year of life
Authors: ÅKERRÉN Y.
Published: January 2008

The author discusses the physiologic red blood picture during the first year of life and particularly the conditions behind the transition from a predominance in blood destruction to a predominance in the formation of new blood which takes place at the end of the first quarter.
The Treatment of Morbus Haemolyticus Neonatorum (Familial Erythroblastosis Foetalis). Guiding Lines for Experiments towards an Improvement
Authors: BROMAN BIRGER
Published: January 2008

The conception that Rh incompatibility between mother and foetus is the cause of familial erythroblastosis foetalis (morbus haemolyticus neonatorum) to far more than 90% has considerably helped on the diagnosis and prognosis of this complaint. On the other hand, the elucidation of the pathogenesis has meant no material advance in the therapy, apart from the use of Rh‐negative blood in transfusions to children with this disease. Judging from his own material, the author considers this improvement of the transfusion therapy to imply only a very modest step forward in the results of our treatment

Guiding‐lines are given for practical experiments to find a protective substance against the haemolytic action of the Rh antibodies in the child's body. It is preliminarily stated that a certain effect of this kind might possibly be ascribed to progesterone. The risk of contracting morbus haemolyticus neonatorum is not decreased for children taken from Rh‐immunised women by means of a caesarean section before the onset of labour, not even if this is done several weeks before term.
Über D‐Vitamingehalt der Renntiermilch
Authors: GEZELIUS GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

Verf. vertritt die Ansicht, dass die fettreiche Renntiermilch eine D‐Vitaminquelle für die Lappen darstellte, und dass sie diese früher gewissenhafter ausnutzten. Untersuchung der Renntiermilch auf ihren D‐Vitamingehalt hat gezeigt, dass sie ungefähr ebensoviel D‐Vitamin enthält wie Kuhbutter im Sommer

The author has assumed that the Lapps, in their reindeer milk which is so rich in fat, have had access to a source of D‐vitamines which they have hitherto most carefully utilized. Tests of reindeer milk, in respect to its percentage of D‐vitamines, have shown, too, that it contains about as great a percentage of D‐vitamines as cow's milk in the summer

L'auteur a supposé que les Lapons ont trouvé dans le lait de renne, riche en graisse, une source de vitamines D dont ils ont auparavant tiré profit avec plus de soin. L'examen du lait de renne quant à sa teneur en vitamines D a aussi prouvé que ce lait contient à peu près autant de vitamins D que le beurre de vache en été.
Bacteriological Examination of Throat Tests from Children
Authors: KAIJSER KURT
Published: January 2008

An investigation of the bacteriological diagnosis of throat tests made on 385 children aged from 1 month to 13 years who have been treated at the Crown Princess Louise's Children's Hospital (Kronprinsessan Lovisas Barnsjukhus) in Stockholm for acute infections of the upper air passage.

In 155 cases of pneumococci of the defined species one could show that species VII, XIX, I, XIV and IX, in the order given, were most common. These five species comprised 52 % of all species.

In children under 2 years of age, species XIV, XIX and XVIII were, in the order given, the most usual.
On the Relationship between Prothrombin Time and Haematocrit Value
Authors: MELIN GUNNEL
Published: January 2008

By removal of plasma from oxalate blood, as well as addition of plasma to it in one and the same person, the author has produced a dilution series of blood corpuscles‐plasma, in other words, a series of blood tests with different haematocrit values. The prothrombin time has been determined on these samples by means of Fiechter's method. It has then been found that a comparatively slight prolongation of the prothrombin time at increasing haematocrit values has taken place in the blood of healthy individuals. When, on the other hand, the prothrombin content in the blood has for some reason or other been reduced, the prothrombin time at increasing haematocrit values has undergone a palpable prolongation. Therefore, when a deficiency in prothrombin is suspected, the haematocrit values of those concerned must be taken into consideration. This should especially be born in mind in comparisons between the prothrombin times of infants. When a possible prothrombin deficiency is suspected and no distinct prolongation of the prothrombin time has been determined at the ordinary examination a plasma dilution may give the information required.
The Stockholm Centre for Distribution of Mothers' Milk
Authors: NORDWALL ULF
Published: January 2008

A short account of how the Stockholm Centre for the Distribution of Mothers' Milk is organised, and the methods used at the Centre for supervision and pasteurization of milk. Figures are given, showing the rapid development of the Centre during its existence of little more than four years, the quantity of milk collected, and how long mothers continue to deliver milk to the Centre. An attempt has also been made to divide the mothers who give milk into their social classes.
The Occurrence of Erythema Nodosum in Children with Primary Tuberculosis, treated with Sulfatiazol. Preliminary Report
Authors: ROLLOF SVEN‐IVAR
Published: January 2008

In connection with investigation of the Erythema Nodosum material at the Norrtull Hospital in 1942–1944, the author gave sulfatiazol to children with primary tuberculosis, in order to ascertain under what conditions Erythema Nodosum can be provoked. Out of 33 tested cases of different age with primary tuberculosis of the lungs, Erythema Nodosum was provoked in twelve, 9 of which were quite recent processes. In all cases where the patients were still in the initial fever stage the provocation succeeded. The remaining three were cases of earlier primary tuberculosis with previous eruption of Erythema Nodosum

The author arrives at the conclusion that Erythema Nodosum is latent in the subcutis and is provoked by the catalyzation effect of sulfatiazol

The author finally reports a preliminary result of the investigation of the entire Erythema Nodosum material, showing that practically all cases of that disease in connection with the sulfatiazol treatment of fevers in children occur in association with recent tuberculous infection.
Studies on the Absorption of Iron.
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , NEANDER GÖSTA , NEANDER EBBA
Published: January 2008

By studying the serum iron curve following iron tolerance tests in individuals submitted to artificial stenosis of the pylorus, it was established that iron is absorbed from the stomach, in animals as well as in man.
On Shock in Premature Children.
Authors: ÅKERRÉN Y.
Published: January 2008

The author discusses the conflicting opinions which, from the literature (e.g. Ylppö, Peiper), appear to prevail in respect of the cause of death in the premature, or in the debile who die immediately after birth or during the “new‐born period”. The hypothesis is advanced that the low condition which often precedes death for a longer or shorter period, is a state of shock. The clinical picture tallies well with that typical of shock. As, for various reasons, the special investigations usually made for the purpose of verifying the diagnosis of shock (e. g. examinations of the blood pressure and pulse, of changes in the erythrocyte concentration in the blood) cannot be employed in the case of the new‐born and the premature, the author has tried to find support for the shock hypothesis in the anatomical findings. In autopsies on the premature the most typical and constant finding is a strong macroscopic and microscopic hyperaemia in the liver, and, usually, extremely wide intra‐acinous capillaries. Other internal organs also exhibit at times, but by no means regularly, a certain, but generally not high degree of hyperaemia. Thus the anatomical findings appear to support the shock hypothesis. The physiological hemoconcentration which makes its appearance during the period immediately after birth in the full‐term newborn — as also in the premature — speaks in favour of there being a special disposition to shock during the “new‐born period”. A number of anatomical data from the literature can also be adduced to support the assumption of a functional inferiority or deficient development of the capillary system in the premature, likely to favour the appearance of shock. Finally, a short description is given of some therapeutic experiments with suprarenal cortex hormone in cases of lowered conditions in the premature. These experiments have exhibited promising results and will be continued.
Duodenal Atresia and Stenosis
Authors: Ehrenpreis Th. , Sandblom Ph.
Published: January 2008

Twenty cases of intrinsic duodenal obstruction in the newborn operated upon at Kronprinsessan Lovisa's Children's Hospital since 1936 are reported. A brief survey of the pertinent literature is given. Clinical and roentgenological findings, treatment, and results of treatment are discussed on the basis of the series presented. The importance of pre‐ and postoperative treatment and especially of maintenance of the fluid and nutritional balance is stressed. Postoperative feeding through an indwelling trans‐anastomotic jejunal tube has proved a simple and efficient means of accomplishing this.

Atrésie et Sténose du Duodénum

On fait rapport de 20 cas d'obstruction du duodénum intrinsèque chez le nouveau‐né, opérés B l'hôpital d'enfants Kronprinsessan Lovisas depuis 1936. On donne un exposé sommaire des écrits s'y rapportant. On y débat les constatations cliniques et radiologiques, les traitements et résultats de traitements en regard des séries présentées. On y souligne l'importance du traitement pré‐opératoire et post‐opéatoire, et spécialement du maintien de 1'équilibre liquide‐élément nutritif. L'alimentation post‐opératoire par un tube jéjunal transanastomotique intérieur a établi un moyen simple et efficace de nutrition.

Duodenale Atresia und Stenosis

20 Fälle innerer duodenaler Obstruktion bei neugeborenen Kindern, die im Kronprinzessin Lovisas Spital seit 1936 operiert wurden, werden dargestellt. Ein kurzer Überblick der Literatur wird gegeben. Auf Grund der vorliegenden Fälle werden klinische und röntgenologische Befunde, die Behandlung und die Ergebnisse der Behandlung diskutiert. Man hebt besonders die Wichtigkeit der vor‐ und nachoperativen Behandlung und die Aufrechterhaltung der Flüssigkeit und Nährungsbalanz hervor. Nach dem operativen Eingriff hat sich die Nahrungszufuhr durch eiiie im Jejunum gehaltene, transanastomotische Sonde als einfaches und wirksames Mittel zur Erreichung dieses Zweckes gezeigt.

Sumario

Atresia duodenal y eslenosis

Se exponen 20 casos de obstrucción duodenal intrinsica en el recién nacido, operados en el hospital Kronprinsessan Lovisas a partir del año 1936. Se da un breve resumen de la litteratura al respecto. Las hallazgos clinicos y radiologicos, el tratamiento y sus resultados se discuten basados en las series presentadas. La importancia del tratamiento pre y postoperatorio, y especialmente la mantención del equilibrio nutritivo y de liquidos. La alimentación postoperatoria'a travez de un tubo transanastomotico yeyunal, ha resultado un medio simple e eficiente para cumplir con esto ultimo.
The Sedimentation Rate in Nursing Mothers
Authors: Karlström Fritz
Published: January 2008

The sedimentation rate of 168 healthy nursing mothers was taken 528 times during different phases of the nursing period. Immediately after delivery it was considerably elevated. Thereafter it sank rapidly during the first month, then more slowly, but did not reach the upper limit of the normal until after four months.

During the second, third, and fourth months after delivery the sedimentation rate of the mothers of premature children is probably higher than that of the mothers of full‐term children.

No definite difference has been established between the sedimentation rate in mothers who breast‐feed their children entirely and those who give them supplementary formula feedings.

La vitesse de sédimentation de 168 mères allaitant fut mesurée 528 fois, et au cours des différentes phases de la période d'allaitement. Immédiatement après l'accouchement, elle était considérablement élevée. Puis elle s'abaissa rapidement durant le premier mois, puis plus lentement, mais n'atteignait pas encore la limite supérieure de la normale après quatre mois. Durant les deuxième, troisième et quatrième mois après, 1'accouchement, la vitesse de sédimentation des mères d'enfants nés avant terme est probablement plus élevée que celle des mères d'enfants nés à terme.

On n'a établi aucune différence entre la vitesse de sédimentation des mères nourrissant entièrement leurs enfants au sein et de celles qui font un allaitement mixte.

Bei 168 gesunden stillenden Müttern wurde die Blutsenkungsreaktion 528 mal gemacht in verschiedenen Phasen der Stillungszeit. Gleich nach der Geburt war die Senkungsgeschwindig keit erhöht. Danach war sie während des ersten Monats schnell, später langsamer, gesunken, aber erreichte die normalen Werte erst nach vier Monaten.

Bei den Müttern von ← Frühgeburten → ist die Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit während des zweiten, dritten und vierten Monats wahrscheinlich höher als bei den Normalgeborenen. Kein deutlicher Unterschied in der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit wurde festgestellt bei Müttern, die ihre Kinder ausschliesslich stillten, und bei solchen Müttern, die ausserdem Zukost gaben.

Sumario

Se efectuo la eritrosedimentación en 168 madres sanas en lactancia, 528 veces, durante las distintas fases del período de lactancia. Inmediatamente después del parto se encontró considerablemente elevada. Luego decendio rapidamente durante el primer mes, luego mas lentamente, pero no alcanzo el limete superior normal antes de haber transcurrido 4 meses.

Durante el segundo, tercer y cuarto mes después del parto la eritrosedimentación de las madres con niños prematuros es probablemente mas alta que la de las madres con hijos nacidos a termino. Ninguna diferencia bien definida ha podido establecerse estre la eritrosedimentación de las madres que daban exclusivamente pecho a sus niños, y las madres que daban ademas a sus hijos una alimentación complementaria.
On the Copper Content in Mother's Milk Before and After Intravenous Copper Administration1
Authors: MUNCH‐PETERSEN SVEN
Published: January 2008

1) The copper content in mother's milk is on an average about 50 γ% which is essentially higher than that given for cow's milk.

2) Investigations of the copper content in mother's milk before and after artificial increase of serum copper by intravenous administration of Ebesal show no changes in the copper concentration of the milk.

1) La quantité de cuivre dans le lait de femme est en moyenne de 50 γ% environ, c'est à dire beaucoup plus élevée que celle indiquée pour le lait de vache.

2) Des recherches sur la quantité de cuivre dans le lait de femme faites avant et après une augmentation artificielle du cuivre de sérum d'Ebesal par injection intraveineuse n'indique pas de changements de la concentration du cuivre dans le lait.

1) Der Kupfergehalt in Muttermilch ist durchschnittlich etwa 50 γ%, das heisst wesentlich grösser als der von Kuhmilch.

2) Untersuchungen über den Kupfergehalt in Muttermilch vor und nach künstlicher Erhöhung des Serumkupfers durch intravenöse Eingabe von Ebesal zeigen koine Änderungen der Kupferkonzentration der Milch.

1) La cantidad de cobre en la leche de mujer es alrededor de 50 γ%, es decir, mucho mas elevada que la indicada en la leche de vaca.

2) Las investigaciónes sobre la cantidad de cobre en la leche de mujer hechas antes y después de un aumento artificial del cobre en el suero por inyección endovenosa de Ebesal, no indican cambios de concentración del cobre en la leche.
Familial Occurrence of Necrosis Adiposa Neonatorum
Authors: JERSILD TOR BEN , PERDRUP AXEL
Published: January 2008

A case of necrosis adiposa neonatorum is described.

The maternal side of the patient's family shows an accumulation of similar cases, together with delayed delivery and high birth weights.

On décrit un cas de nécrose adipeuse des nouveau‐nés.

Du côté maternel, la famille du sujet montre une accumulation de cas similaires avec délivrance retardée et poids élevéà la naissance.

In einem Fall von Necrosis adiposa neonatorum zeigt die Familie der Mutter eine Anhäufung ähnlicher Fälle, sowie auch Spätgeburten und hohe Geburtsgewichte.

Se describe un caso de necrosis adiposa de los recién nacidos.

Por parte de la madré, la familia del sujeto muestra una acumulación de casos similares, con alumbramiento retardado y peso elevado al nacer.
Lymphogranuloma Inguinale in Children Report of 2 cases
Authors: NYBERG L. O. , SONCK C. E.
Published: January 2008

Report of two new cases of lymphogranuloma inguinale (lgrl. venereum) in young girls — 13 and 14 years old — with severe rectal strictures. These are the 8th and 9th cases of lymphogranuloma inguinale in children seen in Finland. Both children wore probably infected by their mothers, who were suffering from the same disease with rectal manifestations.
Malignant Tumours in Childhood1
Authors: VIDEBÆK AAGE
Published: January 2008

The incidence of malignant disease in childhood is about 1 — 2 cases per 10 000 children. About 4 % of all deaths among children over 1 year of age are due to malignant tumours.

The lowest incidence of cancer for both sexes is in prebuberty, about the seventh year of age.

Actual childhood tumours occur before this age and are predominantly sarcoma and mixed tumours which are interpreted as a separate group of a special pathogenesis thought to be independent of the hormonal level.

The few carcinomas which occur in childhood are chiefly epitheliomas, whereas carcinoma of the alimentary tract is even more uncommon.

Aage Videbæk: Les tumeurs malignes de l'enfance.

L'incidence de la malignité pendant l'enfance est d'environ 1—2 cas pour 10 000 enfants. Environ 4 % des causes de mort chez les enfants au dessous de 1 an sont dues aux tumeurs malignes.

La plus basse incidence du cancer dans les 2 sexes est à la prépuberté, sept ans environ.

Les tumeurs réelles de l'enfance se présentent avant cet âge; ce sont surtout des sarcomes et des tumeurs mixtes qu'on interprète comme un groupe séparé par pathogénie spéciale que l'on pense être independante du niveau hormonal.

Les quelques carcinomes qui se presentent pendant l'enfance sont principalement des épitheliomas tandis que le carcinome du tractus digestif est plus rare.

Aage Videbæk: Die malignen Tumoren im Kindesalter.

Die Häufigkeit der Malignität im Kindesalter ist etwa 1 — 2 Fälle pro 10 000. Ungefähr 4 % aller Todesfälle bei Kindern über 1 Jahr sind verursacht durch bösartige Tumoren.

Das niedrigste Vorkommen von Malignität bei beiden Geschlechtern ist vor der Pubertät, um das 7. Lebensjahr.

Echte Tumoren kommen vor diesem Alter vor und sind vorwiegend Sarkome, sowie Mischgeschwülste, die aufgefasst werden als eine spezielle Gruppe mit besonderer Pathogenese, von denen man annimmt, dass aie unabhängig vom Hormonspiegel sind.

Die wenigen Carcinome, die in der Kindheit vorkommen, sind hauptsächlich Epitheliome. Carcinome des Verdauungstraktes sind besonders selten.

Aage Videbæk: Los tumores malignas en la infancia.

La frecuenoia de enfermedades malignas en la infancia es de 1 a 2 casos en 10 000 niños. Cerca del 4 % de muertes entre niños de mas de un año son debidos a tumores malignos.

La menor frecuencia del cancer en ambos sexos ocurre durante la época antes de la pubertad, alrededor del septimo año.

Los tumores actuales de la infancia se presentan antes de ésta edad, siendo la mayoria sarcomas y tumores mixtos que se interpretan como un grupo separado de patogenía especial independiente del nivel hormonal.

De las pocas carcinomas que ocurren en la niños, la mayor parte son epiteliomas, sin embargo la carcinoma del aparato digestivo es menos comun.
The Etiology of Acute Aseptic Meningitis (Wallgren)
Authors: GARD SVEN
Published: January 2008

At the time when Wallgren coined the term “acute aseptic meningitis” (1924) virus research was still in its very beginning. On purely clinical grounds Wallgren made his distinction. Later development showed that the etiology in the vast majority of cases should be sought among the viruses. To‐day it is often possible to make a specific diagnosis. In the following paper Professor Gard discusses this fact with special emphasis on the importance of the Coxsackie group of viruses.
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Solved and Unsolved Problems
Authors: MALMBERG NILS
Published: January 2008

It is still a matter of dispute whether pyloric stenosis is of congenital origin or not. In his classical study of one thousand children in 1946, Wallgren was able to demonstrate that the evacuation time of the stomach as studied by X‐ray technique is completely normal in the first week of life in those children who later develop typical pyloric stenosis. Obviously the term “congenital” should be omitted in the clinical name of the disease. This question as well as other problems related to pyloric stenosis are discussed in the following paper on the basis of 165 consecutive cases observed at the Samariten Children's Hospital. Stockholm.
The Frequency of Bronchial Asthma in Swedish School Children
Authors: KRAEPELIEN SVEN
Published: January 2008

The frequency of bronchial asthma in Swedish schools was investigated. The incidence in elementary schools during two school‐years with available official reports was 0.73 per cent. The number of children examined was 235,000 and 247,000 in the two groups. In the higher‐grade schools (number of pupils 87,000–138,000) the incidence during the last eight years varied between 0.39 and 0.58 per cent. These figures must be regarded as minimum values. A special study of the conditions in the elementary schools in Stockholm in the spring of 1953 (60,000 pupils) showed an incidence of 1.37 per cent.
The Specificity of the Middlebrook‐Dubos' Hemagglutination Reaction in Tuberculosis1
Authors: LAGERCRANTZ R.
Published: January 2008

In the Middlebrook‐Dubos' hemagglutination test substitution of human Group 0 Rh‐negative erythrocytes for sheep erythrocytes enhances the specificity of the reaction without significantly reducing its sensitivity. The hemolytic modification is more specific but less sensitive than the conventional hemagglutination test. Guinea pigs immunized with swimming‐pool bacteria (Mycobacterium balnei) or other acid‐fast rods apathogenic to the species, form antibodies as in tuberculosis. This is of interest concerning both the relation of these bacteria to M. tuberculosis and the specificity of the Middlebrook‐Dubos' reaction, and also for study of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Antibodies to Tubercle Bacilli and Tuberculin Response after BCG Vaccination in Infants of Mothers with Tuberculosis
Authors: ROLLOF S. I. , LAGERCRANTZ R. , LIND J.
Published: January 2008

The antibody against the polysaccharide‐fraction of the tubercle bacillus, as measured by the Middlebrook‐Dubos hemagglutination reaction apparently does not pass the placenta. Accordingly, it cannot explain the considerably more retarded tuberculin allergy after BCG vaccination in infants of tuberculous niothers than in other children, as shown in large series.
Sur les nouvelles méthodes de traitement dites par hibernation et déconnexion en pédiatrie
Authors: CATHALA J.
Published: January 2008

Resumé

L'introduction dans la thkrapeutique des médicaments dits sympatholytiques, antihistaminiques, ganglioplkgiques, a apportié de grands résultats en chirurgie viscérale, en traumatologie, en neurochirurgie.

Les résultats ont conduit à une doctrine dite d'hibernation et de déconnexion, qui a donné lieu dans ses principes et dans ses ré, à des critiques récentes.

Se plaçant exclusivement sur le plan de la thérapeutique clinique, l'auteur qui se déětre physiologiste ou expérimentateur, met en garde contre le danger qu'il y a pour des médecins, et an particulier des pédiatres, à vouloir agir en physiologistes et de déconnexion, sans tenir compte des enseignements traditionnels.

Il défend un oint de vue beaucoup plus modeste. Considérer des substances telles la chlorpromazine, comme des drogues qui ont des indications, nécessitant un certain doigté thérapeutique: armes nouvelles qui ne changent rien aux principes traditionnels de surveillance et de soins.

On ne doit point faire de l'hibernation ou de la déconnexion. On soigne des malades avec des drogues dont on a appris le maniement; et on se garde d'un orgueil physiodynamique qui, à l'échelon de la pratique, est plein de danger, spécialement en une matiére où la doctrine est fortement contesée.
Hirschsprung's Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon) Report of 3 Cases in Infancy Associated with Acute Colitis
Authors: GOLDBLOOM ALTON , WIGLESWORTH F. W.
Published: January 2008

Three cases of proven Hirschsprung's disease in infancy have been reported in which there was an associated acute ulcerative colitis of varying degree and in two of which death occurred due to peritonitis secondary to perforation of an ulcer. The third baby died in the early stages of an acute colitis but death was directly caused by massive hemorrhage from an acute duodenal ulcer. No adequate explanation for the development of the ulcerative colitis was forthcoming.

Clinically the history and physical examination was atypical and misleading while the roentgen findings were complex or negative. It is, therefore, important to realize that the classical picture of Hirschsprung's disease, though based on a congenital lesion, is a product of time and that in this interval the diagnosis may be difficult.

Lastly, attention is drawn to the possible lethal complications of Hirschsprung's disease and cognizance should be taken of this fact, particularly in the management of the disease in infancy. From the viewpoint of the pathologist, the postmortem finding of acute ulcerative colitis in an infant must suggest the possibility of aganglionic megacolon.
Geographical Pediatrics
Authors: HAAS J. H. DE
Published: January 2008

The comparison between pediatrics in East and West and in neighbouring countries is called geographical pediatrics, iqaccordance with the term Geographical Pathology. Difference in place is actually rather a difference in time.

Inevitably the study of child life in the tropics is still based on Western principles. Medical thinking based on Western as well as on Eastern experience would be niore fruitful.

Study of the present child drama in the tropics leads to a historical parallel with the West.

Although the present condition of child life in Western countries is far from optimal, it seems to be an almost utopian situation compared with child suffering in the East

Planned application of socio—medical knowledge may raise the state of health of the child in the tropics in the not too distant future.

Only when child health in the tropics has reached the Western level will comparative pediatrics really be geographical.
Über eine akute Enteritis des Säuglings mit gleichzeitigen encephalitischen Erscheinungen (Encephalo‐enteritis acuta)
Authors: KELLER W.
Published: January 2008

Im Rahmen einer Grippeepidemie wurde eine zeitlich begrenzte kleine Zahl von Erkrankungen bei durchweg äalteren Säuglingen beobachtet, die sich durch das ganz akute und fast gleichzeitige Auftreten von heftigen Durch‐fallen und schweren Symptomen von Seiten des Zentralnervensystems, teilweise verbunden mit leptomeningealen Blutungen und Hämatinerbrechen, auszeichneten. Die ausserordentlich alarmierenden Erscheinungen klangen in den meisten Fällen nach wenigen Tagen ab. In 2 Fällen kam es jedoch im soporösen Zustand unter liyperpyretischen Teniperaturen und schweren zentralen Atmungsstorungen zum Exitus. Die Sektion konnte nur in dem einen Falle ausgefiihrt werden und ergab neben einer ausgedelinten Enteritis eiu schmeres Hirnodem. Die Differentialdiagnose zu ahnliclien Krankheitsbildern besonders der Toxikose wird besprochen und der Syniptomenkomplex in der geschlossenen Form, wie er hier aufgetreten ist, als “Encephalo‐enteritis acuta” herausgestellt. Alle durchgeführten bakteriologischen und virulogisclien Untersuchungen verliefen negativ. Die aetiologischen und pathogenctischen Möglichkeiten werden kurz erortert.
Erythroblastosis Foetalis. A Survey of 491 Consecutive Cases of Rh‐Immunization in Pregnancy: Part I. Stillbirths due to Erythroblastosis Foetalis
Authors: SUNDAL ALFRED
Published: January 2008

In a survey of consecutive cases of offspring with haemolytic disease born of Rhimmunized women, presumably comprising all cases in 1951–1961 in a region of West Norway, there were 491 children with haemolytic disease; 31 (6.3%) were stillborn and 460 (93.7 %) liveborn.

Thirty‐one stillbirths occurred in 25 women, 20 with one stillbirth (and one with twins) and five with two stillbirths due to haemolytic disease. Tables show the outcome of all pregnancies in each woman with stillbirths, especially details concerning haemolytic disease in the offspring.

The low number of stillbirths in our survey (6.3 %) seen in relation to 16 % in English and American statistics, is thought partly to be due to the low number of pregnancies after the last Rh‐immunization ending in stillbirth, but also due to effective induction of labour in Rh‐immunized women with bad obstetrical histories in previous pregnancies.

In figures details of the incomplete antibody titre in pregnancy, week of gestation of intrauterine death, and the interval between intrauterine death and birth is given in the stillbirths due to e.f. The findings in the stillborn affected with haemolytic disease are also shown, comprising birth weight and length, weight of placenta, hydrops in the stillbirths and post mortem findings.

After discussing the observations and referring to the literature, the author suggests a guide to the criteria for inducing labour in Rh‐immunized pregnancies.
Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: FRIIS‐HANSEN BENT , SKADHAUGE ERIK , ZETTERSTROM ROLF
Published: January 2008

The body fluid volumes have been followed in two infants with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Without treatment both patients had a low extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and a normal to low‐normal total body water (TBW). Following thiazide therapy (Case 1) and during a fluid deprivation test (Case 2) a further reduction of ECV and TBW was found. Untreated both patients revealed a severe hypernatriemia without any increase in the urinary aldosterone excretion.

The first patient had a cerebral atrophy and a rightsided hydronephrosis, a higher diuresis and a lower concentration capacity was found on this side. The patient was treated continuously with thiazide. When an ordinary house diet was given this drug could only maintain normal electrolytemia in combination with spirolactone. A considerable increase in height and psychic development took place during this combined treatment.

It is noted, that nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may be present in infants with unexplained fever and vomiting in the absence of polydipsia and polyuria. The urine may even be hypertonic.
Pseudocroup‐A 30‐Year Series from Lund
Authors: LINDBERG TOR
Published: January 2008

Eight hundred and fifteen cases of pseudocroup seen partly at the Department of Paediatrics during a 30 year period and partly at the Department of Otolaryngology, Lund, during a 10 year period, are described. The material was divided chronologically into 4 groups, one group per decade, and one group consisting of cases from the Department of Otolaryngology. The cases were studied regarding frequency, prognosis, heredity, allergy, number of hospital days, duration of fever, ESR and number of leucocytes on admission. It was found that the frequency of the disease had increased and that the mortality had fallen from 6 % to about 1 %‐total mortality 1.7 %. Five point six per cent of the series had acute laryngotracheobronchitis, 13 of the 14 patients, who had died, had had laryngotracheobronchitis. The percentage of patients with a normal ESR had increased during the three decades, but still more striking was the increase in the percentage of patients with a normal number of leucocytes on admission (from 29 % to 74 %). The aetiology is discussed and it is stressed that the change in the number of leucocytes during the periods covered by the investigation may be a sign of an increasing importance of virus as a contributory cause of pseudocroup.
Immunological Studies in Wiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome
Authors: PALMGREN BERTIL , LINDBERG TOR
Published: January 2008

A case of Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (a disease transmitted by a sex‐linked recessive gene and characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema and reduced resistance to infection) was studied immunologically. The gammarM fraction was found to be low, isoagglutinins were reduced or missing, the formation of antibodies to virus infections (mumps and measles) as well as to administered bacterial antigens (typhoid and paratyphoid B 0‐ and IE‐antigen) was missing. The relation between the syndrome and other kinds of immuno‐paresis is discussed.
The Effect of Different Amounts of Vitamin D on Growth and Serum Levels of Calcium, Inorganic Phosphorus and Alkaline Phosphatase in Premature Infants
Authors: SYDOW GERT VON , HEDVALL GUNNEL
Published: January 2008

A series of 162 premature babies, weighing between 1510 and 2000 g at birth, were nursed on breast milk with a small cow's milk supplement. They were divided into three groups, given 450, 2,250, and 10,000 I.U. of vitamin D daily from the 8th day of life. No difference could be found between the groups concerning weight increase and the serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase during the first month of life.
21. Antibiotic Therapy of Prematures
Authors: RANTASALO I.
Published: January 2008

Infections of prematures are chiefly nosocomial infections.

The causative agents of infection are often resistant to G‐penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline.

It appears from these premiminary studies that it might be possible to achieve better results with combined meticillin‐colimycin therapy than with the traditional antibiotics.
Venous and Capillary Hematocrit in Newborn Infants and Placental Transfusion
Authors: OH WILLIAM , LIND JOHN
Published: January 2008

Summary and Conclusion

Hematocrit values were measured on one hundred and eleven sets of capillary (from unwarmed and warmed heels) and venous blood samples obtained simultaneously during the first 5 days of life from 60 full term newborn infants, 40 of which the umbilical cords were clamped late, and 20 clamped early a t the time of birth.

In the late clamped infants, the capillary hematocrits showed an initial rise during the first 6 hours of life seemingly due to fluid transudation in the capillary beds, followed by a fall a t 12 to 24 hours of age due to a subsequent fluid reabsorption into the vascular space in response to increasing circulatory demands in the visceral organs. In the early clamped infants, the capillary hematocrits remained stable during the first 6 hours, but a slight decline was observed a t 12 to 24 hours of age. The simultaneously measured venous hematocrits of both late and early clamped infants plotted against age revealed a strikingly similar pattern of alterations.

A marked capillary venous hematocrit difference was observed in the late clamped infants and to a much lesser extent in the early clamped infants during the first 5 days of life, with the venous being lower than the capillary values. Warming the heels prior to capillary sampling improves the capillary venous hematocrit correlations in the late clamped infants and the improvement achieved by this procedure increases as the infant becomes older. In the early clamped infants heel warming produces relatively less effects because there was less capillary venous hematocrit discrepancy initially.

In infants over 12 hours of age where venipuncture is difficult or inadvisable, capillary blood samples obtained from warmed heels could be used for hematocrit measurements. However, the hematoples do not exactly correspond with the venous values and the approximate venous reading could be estimated by using the regression lines derived from our samples, and their 95% confidence limit could be calculated from the appropriate formulas.
Suicidal Attempts Made by Children
Authors: OTTO ULF
Published: January 2008

Of a series covering 1727 children and adolescents under 21 years, from the whole of Sweden, who during the five‐year period 1955‐1959 had attempted suicide, the 42 cases who were under 14 years have been explored more thoroughly. The youngest case is a 10‐year‐old boy. A more even sex distribution prevails in the younger ages, contrary to what is true of the older ages, where there is a marked preponderance of girls. In the large material love problems, followed by home and parental problems, are the primary causes. Among the younger children home and parental problems, followed by school problems, are the most common causes. Contrary t o the findings of other writers, passive methods predominate in the present material among the younger clientele who attempt suicide.
A Follow‐up Study of Premature Infants Treated with Low Oxygen Tension1
Authors: ROOTH G. , ENGLESON G. , TÖRNBLOM M.
Published: January 2008

Although no final conclusion may be drawn as to the value of treatment of premature infants in low oxygen tension the present results speak in favour of this treatment.
CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF AN ATYPICAL FORM OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS
Authors: LOEB H. , TONDEUR M. , TOPPET M. , CREMER N.
Published: January 2008

Two children, brother and sister, presenting a clinically peculiar form of mucopolysaccharidosis are reported. There exists a discrepancy between clinical and radiological data and biochemical findings. Enzyme study of the liver discloses a striking hyperactivity of the acid /J‐galactosidase. Hepatic ultrastructure differs from that of other previous descriptions of mucopolysaccharidoses, demonstrating a complex storage of lipids and mucopolysaccharides within swollen lysosomes.
MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE
Authors: DICKINSON J. P. , HOLTON J. B. , LEWIS G. M. , LITTLEWOOD J. M. , STEEL A. E.
Published: January 2008

An infant with Maple Syrup Urine Disease was treated from six weeks of age with a synthetic diet containing carefully restricted quantities of branched chain aminoacids. There was a marked immediate improvement. At twelve weeks, gross vitamin deficiency developed and was corrected. The patient is now more than four‐and‐a‐half years old, and although in reasonable general health is quite severely retarded, both mentally and physically.

The problems of diagnosis, the biochemical basis of dietary treatment and the laboratory requirements for control are discussed in relation to the 55 previously published cases.
LOCALIZATION OF PLASMA PROTEINS IN KIDNEYS OF CHILDREN WITH DIFFUSE NEPHROPATHIES, STUDIED BY AN INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENT TECHNIQUE
Authors: BRENTJENS J. R. H. , FELTKAMP‐VROOM THEA M. , TIDDENS H. A. W. M. , KUYTEN R. H.
Published: January 2008

Preliminary report of the results obtained with an indirect immunofluorescent technique applied to the study of renal biopsy specimens.

Depositions of IgG, IgA, IgM, complement, fibrinogen and albumin were investigated in glomeruli of children with diffuse nephropathies and in adult controls. The localization of the protein precipitates was confirmed by comparing the immunofluorescent picture with the results of the P.A.S.M./ H.E. staining of the same sections.
TRISOMY 17–18
Authors: BENADY S. G. , HARRIS R. J.
Published: January 2008

Three cases of trisomy 17–18 associated with oesophageal atresia and tracheo‐oesophageal fistula are described, and the clinical features of two other cases of trisomy 17–18 are summarised. It is concluded that the association between the two conditions is not so rare as previous reports suggest.
PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES IN THE DE LANGE SYNDROME
Authors: FRANCE N. E. , CROME L. , ABRAHAM J. M.
Published: January 2008

Two girls with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, dying at the age of 4 weeks and 9 months respectively, are described.

Published examples where necropsy was performed are reviewed and the congenital anomalies of internal organs are summarised.

Although some neuropathological features probably result from arrest or retardation of maturation, there was evidence in the younger infant of associated breakdown of myelin.

Morphological changes of pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands, are frequent but no link with hypothalamic lesions has been found.