bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMIKIRAN K.H HASYIM ASY'ARI
Authors: Arifin Mohamad Zaenal , Ghofur Abdul , Latif Abdul
Published: May 2024

Pendidikan karakter bukan hal yang baru dalam sistem pendidikan Islam sebab roh atau inti dari pendidikan Islam adalah pendidikan karakter yang semula dikenal dengan pendidikan akhlak. Di antara tokoh yang concern dengan pendidikan karakter adalah K.H Hasyim Asy'ari. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan mengeksplorasi pemikiran-pemikiran beliau tentang pendidikan karakter, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif kepustakaan dan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Penulis mengambil sumber data primer melalui penelusuran literatur-literatur kepustakaan, selanjutnya dibahas secara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analisis untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan. Hasil pembahasan menyimpulkan bahwa pemikiran K.H Hasyim Asy'ari tentang pendidikan karakter bermuara pada tiga hal, yakni: Pertama, Pemaknaan dan tujuan pendidikan karakter yang dipandang sebagai upaya memanusiakan manusia secara utuh sehingga menjadi manusia yang bertakwa kepada Allah Swt dan mencapai kebahagiaan dunia akhirat. Adapun tujuan yang hendak diraih adalah berkisar pada dimensi keilmuan, pengamalan, dan religius; Kedua, Urgensi pendidik. Kriteria pendidik dalam pandangan K.H Hasyim Asy’ari adalah harus menjaga akhlak dalam pendidikan; Ketiga, Peserta didik, harus memiliki adab dan karakter yang baik, seperti:  memurnikan niat, bersikap tawadhu’, menghormati guru, berperilaku sabar, qana'ah, zuhud, wara', dan menghindari  hal-hal  yang  kotor dan maksiat.
IMPLEMENTASI PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH
Authors: Turmidzi Imam , Istianah Istianah
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini membahas tentang implementasi perencanaan strategis dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan madrasah. Manajemen strategi merupakan manajemen sebuah perencanaan yang berskala besar untuk meraih tujuan jangka panjang organisasi. Pengelolaan pendidikan yang bermutu di madrasah tidak bisa lepas dari implementasi perencanaan strategis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pustaka. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa para ahli dan penulis manajemen strategis terkadang tidak membedakan antara perencanaan strategis dan manajemen strategis. Dalam penerapan rencana pengembangan madrasah yang dituangkan dalam dokumen atau disebut RPS/M harus diperhatikan prosesnya dan dievaluasi. Dalam implementasi rencana strategis kemungkinan besar banyak tantangan yang diperkirakan akan muncul selama implementasi strategi strategis. Hambatan tersebut dapat berkembang dari ketidaksesuaian antara hasil perencanaan (dokumen) dan kenyataan yang ada di lingkungan kelembagaan (madrasah), atau masalah yang timbul dari peran mitra dalam melaksanakan rencana strategis, yaitu tim manajemen atau kepala sekolah sebagai pemangku kebijakan.
PERAN ULAMA DAN ORMAS ISLAM DALAM PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suja'i Ahmad , Baihaqi Muhammad Amir
Published: May 2024

Perjuangan tokoh ulama’ di Indonesia tidak hanya sampai pada mensyiarkan dakwah. Kerisauannya dengan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia kala itu, membuat tokoh ulama’ berusaha untuk mendirikan sistem dan lembaga pendidikan islam seiring dengan organisasi yang telah didirikannya. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan mengeksplorasi peran ulama dan ormas Islam dalam upaya menumbuh-kembangkan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif kepustakaan dan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Penulis mengambil sumber data primer melalui penelusuran literatur-literatur kepustakaan, selanjutnya dibahas secara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analisis untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa selain program dalam bidang dakwah dan sosial, pendidikan menjadi salah satu program yang sangat penting. Masuknya ide-ide pembaharuan pemikiran Islam dalam bidang pendidikan, menyadarkan organisasi Islam tersebut tentang pentingnya mengintegrasikan ilmu pengetahuan. Beberapa tokoh seperti K.H. Ahmad Dahlan, K.H. Hasyim Asyari, K.H. Imam Az-Zarkasyi, Buya Hamka, Mahmud Yunus dan ulama lainnya sangat andil besar dalam memperbaharui konsep dan sistem pendidikan di Indonesia khususnya mengenai pendidikan Islam. Tokoh tersebut bersama organisasinya seperti Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul ‘Ulama, Al Jami’at Al Khoriyah, dan Al Irsyad. juga mendirikan lembaga pendidikan yang sampai saat ini masih memberikan kontribusi dalam pendidikan di Indonesia.
Land Tenure Security and Households’ Food Security Nexus: Implications for an Improving Land Governance in Iringa District, Tanzania
Authors: Usika Gerald , Kabote Samwel J. , Urassa Justin K.
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to determine the contribution of the Certificate of Customary Rights of Occupancy (CCRO) to farming households’ food security in the Iringa District Council. Particularly, the study aimed to determine the influence of land tenure security on the food situation of households, the influence of land tenure security on food consumption, and the influence of land tenure security on the source of food for households. The study was guided by the institutional theory and the theory of access, these theories linked the study to the existing body of literature. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design where villages that received CCRO were considered as the treatment group of the study and those villages without CCRO were categorized as the control group for the study. The study decided to adopt the Propensity Score Matching method for constructing a comparison group. The total sample size for this study was 400 households, with equality divided between the two villages, with and without CCRO. The study used a systematic random sampling approach to select a sample size of 400 households from the targeted population. The study employed a mixed methods approach whereby both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and interviews respectively. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS for quantitative data, while qualitative data was analyzed using a content analysis approach. The study found that those households with CCROs show a high score of food consumption compared to households without CCROs, this indicates that CCROs enhance food security in households. This was supported statistically by regression results and bivariate outcomes that illustrate the significance of CCROs ownership in improving the food situation of households between households having CCROs compared to those that haven’t. Furthermore, the study found that there is a difference in food consumption patterns between households with CCROs and those without CCROs. The study concluded that land tenure security has a great impact on the food security of households in the Iringa district, also, it was concluded that CCRO ownership contributes to improving the food situation of households enhancing their capacity to access diverse food groups. The study recommended that government and local government authorities develop policies and strategies that are tailored and applicable to agriculture development and land ownership to improve land governance structure that allows land registration easy.
FINE-GRAINED CONCRETE BASED ON WASTE FROM THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors:   A. Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Rahimov M.A. , Aubakirova Z.A. ,   A. Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Bakirbaeva A. ,   A. Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Kulisz M. ,   Lublin University of Technology, Aldungarova A.K. ,   D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan technical university
Published: May 2024

The relevance of industrial processing of waste from thermal power engineering and mining and metallurgical complex (MMC) enterprises in order to obtain effective concrete is due to the need to obtain building materials with improved characteristics and low cost, on the one hand, and the problem of catastrophic volumes and condition of man-made waste stored in the East Kazakhstan region, - with another. The purpose of the article is to analyze methods for producing effective fine-grained concrete solutions with the addition of waste from thermal power engineering and mining enterprises located in Eastern Kazakhstan. The article describes the features and scope of application of fine-grained concrete mortars. The need, possibilities and prospects for using technogenic waste for the production of building materials, products and structures have been studied. Compositions of fine-grained concrete were selected based on technogenic raw materials - ash and slag waste and metallurgical slag. The study showed that the introduction of fly ash and metallurgical slag into concrete improves the physical and mechanical properties of products with significant savings in cement. The applicability of the studied technogenic raw materials in fine-grained concrete has been proven, resulting in a wide range of applications for the material. The study showed that based on the obtained indicators of strength, frost resistance, abrasion, corrosion resistance, resistance to alternate wetting and drying and other improved characteristics, these concretes can be recommended for the production of small-piece concrete products (curbs, artificial paving stones, paving slabs, side stones, facing slabs, concrete tiles, etc.) and in road construction. The mobility of fine-grained concrete mortar allows it to be used for sealing seams and cracks in monolithic concrete and in the installation of reinforced cement structures, including large ones. A significant environmental effect from the processing of technogenic deposits in the East Kazakhstan region is shown.
РАЗРАБОТКА МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИМ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ ПЛОСКОГО МАНИПУЛЯТОРА С ДВУМЯ ВРАЩАТЕЛЬНЫМИ ЗВЕНЬЯМИ МЕТОДОМ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ ДИНАМИКИ ОБЪЕКТА И ВОЗМУЩЕНИЙ
Authors:   Д. Серікбаев атындағы Шығыс Қазақстан техникалық университеті, Шадрин Г.К. , Назенова Г.М. , Құсайын-Мұрат Ә.Т. , Красавин А.Л. , Алонцева Д.Л.
Published: May 2024

Робот-манипуляторлар – бұл өнеркәсіпте кеңінен қолданылатын жоғары бейсызықты, динамикалық байланысты және уақыт бойынша өзгеретін жүйелер. Кез-келген роботтың ажырамас бөлігі - оның жұмыс құралының орналасуын басқару жүйесі. Мұндай жүйеге статикалық және динамикалық режимдерде роботтың дәлдігін қамтамасыз ету үшін жоғары талаптар қойылады. Екі буынды роботтың қозғалыс теңдеуі бейсызықты дифференциалдық теңдеу болып табылады. Бұл мақалада объектінің динамикасы мен бұзылуларын өтеудің инновациялық әдісін қолдана отырып, екі буынды робот- манипулятордың динамикалық қозғалысын басқарудың математикалық моделін жасау ұсынылады. Математикалық модельдеу үш кезеңнен тұрады. Бірінші кезең – Лагранж теңдеулері әдісімен екі буынды робот-манипулятордың белгілі теңдеулерін құру, екінші кезең – күй кеңістігінде Лагранж теңдеулерін ұсыну, үшінші кезең – күйге тәуелді параметрлері бар күй кеңістігінде Лагранж теңдеулерін ұсыну. Математикалық модельдеудің нәтижелері бейсызықты басқару объектісі болып табылатын екі буынды робот-манипулятордың басқару жүйесін одан әрі компьютерлік модельдеуді жүзеге асыруға негіз болып табылады.
STUDY OF FINITE AUTOMATES USED IN CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Shakhmetova G.B. , Sharipbay A.A. , Saukhanova Zh.S. , Barlybayev А.B.
Published: May 2024

The article provides an overview of cryptographic systems based on finite automata. Theoretical materials of domestic scientists in foreign publications on finite-automaton cryptography have been studied. For a better understanding of the operation of various types of finite automata models, definitions of the main concepts were given: finite automaton – recognizer, finite automaton - converter, reversibility with a delay, inverse automaton, permutation and composition of finite automata. Further in the article, cryptographic algorithms based on automata without an exit were described, their advantages and disadvantages were noted. At the end, information is given about finite automata models, which are based on an automaton with an exit. The advantages of the finite automaton model over the existing algorithms of classical cryptography are revealed. The study allows us to make a conclusion about the prospects of using finite automata as the basis for cryptographic algorithms.
UMA ANÁLISE DAS COTAS RACIAIS PARA NEGROS E PARDOS NAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Silva Matheus Lima da , Resende Adriano de Oliveira
Published: May 2024

As políticas de ação afirmativa são ações ou medidas adotadas por governos, instituições ou organizações com o objetivo de corrigir desigualdades historicamente sistêmicas e promover a igualdade de oportunidades para grupos minoritários ou historicamente desfavorecidos. Dentre essas ações, encontra-se as cotas para negros e pardos nas universidades brasileiras, trazidas por meio da Lei n. 12.711/2012, conhecida como Lei de Cotas. Diante dessa informação, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar os efeitos sociais e jurídicos das cotas para negros e pardos nas universidades do Brasil. Na metodologia, tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, baseada em livros e estudos científicos selecionados e jurisprudência, cujo recorte temporal se deu entre 2018 a 2023 encontrados em base de dados como Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Nos resultados, ficou claro que informações estatísticas sobre a política de cotas possibilitam constatar o aumento significativo no acesso de estudantes pretos e pardos ao ensino superior; a manutenção da qualidade acadêmica, com a presença dos cotistas; a ampliação das oportunidades de escolarização e inserção social da população preta e pobre; e maior representatividade da sociedade brasileira nas universidades públicas. De todo modo, ficou nítido constatar que as cotas raciais representam uma maneira constitucional de trazer igualdade ao acesso à educação, que é a principal ferramenta de crescimento humano, social e profissional. Ter disponível programas voltados para a inclusão da população negra nos centros de ensino é tão importante quanto evidenciar a educação como um todo.
MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS DA GESTAÇÃO ECTÓPICA E POSSIBILIDADES DE TRATAMENTO
Authors: Carvalho Ana Luiza Naves , Reis João Pedro Vilela , Sabino Kauana , Santos Katlen Kamilla Gama dos , Fagundes Thawane Silva
Published: May 2024

A gestação ectópica é uma condição médica grave em que o embrião se implanta fora do útero, geralmente nas trompas de falópio. Esta condição pode levar a complicações sérias, incluindo ruptura dos tecidos circundantes e hemorragia interna. As manifestações clínicas da gestação ectópica variam, mas frequentemente incluem dor abdominal intensa e sangramento vaginal anormal. O diagnóstico precoce é crucial para evitar complicações graves, e várias opções de tratamento estão disponíveis, incluindo intervenção cirúrgica e administração de medicamentos. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar sistematicamente a literatura recente sobre as manifestações clínicas da gestação ectópica e as possibilidades de tratamento, visando fornecer uma visão abrangente e atualizada sobre o tema. Metodologia: A revisão sistemática foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do checklist Prisma. Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, utilizando os descritores "gestação ectópica", "manifestações clínicas", "tratamento", "diagnóstico" e "complicações".Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, disponíveis em texto completo e que abordassem especificamente as manifestações clínicas e o tratamento da gestação ectópica. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram estudos repetidos, relatos de caso isolados e estudos não relacionados ao tema. Resultados: Os resultados da revisão sistemática destacaram as principais manifestações clínicas da gestação ectópica, incluindo dor abdominal intensa, sangramento vaginal anormal e sinais de choque em casos graves. Quanto ao tratamento, diversas opções foram discutidas, como a intervenção cirúrgica para remoção do embrião ectópico e a administração de medicamentos como o metotrexato para interromper o desenvolvimento do embrião. Além disso, foram abordadas as complicações potenciais e a importância do diagnóstico precoce. Conclusão: Em suma, a gestação ectópica apresenta desafios diagnósticos e terapêuticos significativos. A revisão sistemática destaca a importância da conscientização sobre as manifestações clínicas dessa condição e a necessidade de intervenção rápida e eficaz para prevenir complicações graves. O conhecimento atualizado sobre as opções de tratamento disponíveis é essencial para garantir o melhor resultado para as pacientes afetadas por essa condição.
A RELEVÂNCIA DA COORDENADORIA DE TECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL PARA A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE UM PROJETO DE INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Xavier Catarina Maria Ramalho , Gusmão Diógenes José Coutinho , Cardoso Kedima Miranda , Soares Gracy Ane Souza , Queiroz Flaviano Lima de , Santos Pedro Manuel Ribeiro Simões dos
Published: May 2024

Este artigo de revisão tem como objetivo apresentar um pequeno panorama do papel do Coordenador de Tecnologia Educacional no momento da implementação de um projeto de tecnologia educacional em uma instituição de ensino. Destaca a sua relevância no momento do planejamento das atividades a serem desenvolvidas, dando suporte ao corpo docente, alinhando o currículo escolar com a utilização tecnologias emergentes em educação. Destaca a importância da educação continuada para sua formação, incentivado os demais professores a fazê-la também para que possam aderir às ferramentas digitais e assim transformar suas práticas pedagógicas em experiências ricas e transformadoras na construção do saber, bem como conscientizar todos os colaboradores envolvidos e a alta gestão da magnitude da implementação de um projeto de tecnologia educacional. Demonstra também que para o Coordenador de Tecnologia Educacional lidere a implementação de um projeto, ele deve desenvolver várias outras habilidades, como da liderança, de conhecer, domínio dos recursos tecnológicos,  boa comunicação, proatividade, fazer  planejamento coletivo, adaptar a instituição para que possam usar os recursos educacionais adequadamente, procurando preencher lacunas, abrindo as portas para uma nova forma de ensino-aprendizagem, promover interações através de reuniões, diálogos e trocas de experiências, sendo um mediador e líder no processo entre a inserção das tecnologias emergentes e a instituição em que atua.
TRÁFICO DE DROGAS E AS TÉCNICAS PROCESSUAIS DE INVESTIGAÇÃO: ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO E REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Dornelles Brennda dos Santos , Jurubeba Yuri Anderson Pereira
Published: May 2024

Este estudo apresenta uma reflexão a partir de uma revisão sistêmica sobre o tráfico de drogas e as técnicas processuais de investigação. Nesse sentido, promove debate em um cenário desafiador que é o tráfico de drogas. Assim, o objetivo foi analisar a pesquisa científica acerca das técnicas e métodos de investigação envolto sobre o tráfico de drogas e as mudanças ocorridas de (2014 a 2024), a fim de identificar as principais inovações, transformações ocorridas nesse contexto. Por meio de fontes como Google Acadêmico, bibliotecas físicas e pesquisas na internet, foram identificados livros, artigos, revistas, monografias, leis, normas e resoluções relacionados ao tema, utilizando palavras-chave específicas para garantir uma pesquisa completa e relevante. A partir dos resultados ficou evidente que a temática necessita de mais diálogos, pois esse crime que se relacionam a lei de drogas seu procedimento e a forma de punição são de elevada importância, especialmente, porque as condutas que se relacionam ao tráfico, uso e demais delitos associados requerem uma alta complexidade na sua análise, bem como, na instrução criminal de fundamental relevância para entendimentos na área.
SISTEMA PENAL BRASILEIRO A PARTIR DE UMA NOVA PERSPECTIVA PARA A EXECUÇÃO DAS MEDIDAS DE ACORDO DE NÃO PERSECUÇÃO PENAL
Authors: Mendanha Arthuro Gean Flores , Oliveira Luiz Francisco de
Published: May 2024

Este estudo de revisão sistêmica traz como reflexão conhecimentos sobre o Sistema Penal Brasileiro com ênfase em uma nova perspectiva para a execução das medidas de Acordo de Não Persecução Penal. Isto posto, esse acordo pode ser definido como uma espécie de interesse jurídico pré-processual entre o Ministério Público e o investigado, assistido por seu defensor. Nele, as partes negociam cláusulas a serem cumpridas pelo acusado, que, ao final, será favorecido pela extinção da punibilidade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral foi apresentar as discussões acerca das medidas de Acordo de Não Persecução Penal no ordenamento jurídico-penal brasileiro, realizando, para tanto, uma análise geral sobre as execuções e medidas nesse ínterim. Os específicos estão voltados a: mostrar nuances históricas sobre o Sistema Penal Brasileiro; compreender as execuções e medidas relacionadas aos processos do Ministério Público; mostrar algumas controvérsias desse acordo. Assim, a metodologia foi resultado de averiguação bibliográfica, exploratória e qualitativa, concretizada na biblioteca virtual SCIELO e na plataforma digital Google Scholar. Na procura foram usados os descritores: “sistema penal brasileiro”, “defensor”, “investigado”, e “acordo de não persuasão penal”, os artigos utilizados foram publicados nos últimos 10 anos e alguns anteriores de extrema relevância para a compreensão do assunto. Além de uma pesquisa manual de classificações das citações dos artigos escolhidos que foi concretizada para localizar trabalhos não citados nestes bancos de informações. Dessa maneira, os resultados mostraram relevantes debates da Lei nº 13.964/2019, introduzindo na legislação penal o (ANPP) no cenário da expansão da Justiça Consensual no Brasil, originária da Constituição de 1988, em relação às linhas gerais para a composição civil. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que debater sobre o (ANPP) é um componente-chave dentro de entendimentos do Sistema Penal Brasileiro, pois inúmeros foram os institutos no sentido de fortalecer a justiça consensual, onde processos são firmados e formalizados por escrito pelo membro do Ministério Público, pelo investigado e por seu defensor.
EXIGÊNCIA DA SEPARAÇÃO OBRIGATÓRIA DE BENS PARA O CASAMENTO DE MAIORES DE 70 ANOS FRENTE À CRESCENTE EXPECTATIVA DE VIDA NO BRASIL
Authors: Costa Cecília Vieira da , Mendes Raianne dos Santos
Published: May 2024

O presente trabalho buscou analisar a exigência da separação obrigatória de bens para o casamento de maiores e 70 anos frente à crescente expectativa de vida no Brasil, tendo como objetivos a análise da desequiparação, para fins sucessórios, os cônjuges e os companheiros, conforme o artigo 1.790 do Código Civil; a averiguação dos entendimentos dos Tribunais Superiores quanto ao assunto, e pôr fim a visualização da possível violação dos princípios constitucionais como princípio da igualdade e dignidade da pessoa humana. Para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa, a metodologia indutiva foi escolhida para que chegasse ao propósito final, o referido método foi devidamente utilizado juntamente com doutrinas e jurisprudências para análise da possível inconstitucionalidade do artigo ao norte citado, frente a consideração que tal artigo viola o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. As espécies de pesquisa utilizadas foram as descritivas e explicativas, tendo como intuito demonstrar de forma precisa que pessoas maiores de 70 anos possui plena capacidade de escolher o regime de bens no qual deseja se casar, e que o fato de simplesmente terem ultrapassado determinado patamar etário não significa que devem ter seus direitos de escolha restringido. Em suma, foi possível concluir que ao instituir de forma rígida a obrigatoriedade da separação legal de bens como único regime de bens a ser adotado por pessoas acima de 70 anos, o legislador feriu diretamente princípios constitucionais, devendo ser declarada a inconstitucionalidade da norma.
Simulating the seeder–feeder impacts on cloud ice and precipitation over the Alps
Authors: Dedekind Zane , Proske Ulrike , Ferrachat Sylvaine , Lohmann Ulrike , Neubauer David
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The ice phase impacts many cloud properties as well as cloud lifetime. Ice particles that sediment into a lower cloud from an upper cloud (external seeder–feeder process) or into the mixed-phase region of a deep cloud from cirrus levels (internal seeder–feeder process) can influence the ice phase of the lower cloud, amplify cloud glaciation and enhance surface precipitation. Recently, numerical weather prediction modeling studies have aimed at representing the ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds more accurately by including secondary ice formation processes. The increase in the ice crystal number concentration can impact the number of ice particles that sediment into the lower cloud and alter its composition and precipitation formation. In the Swiss Alps, the orography permits the formation of orographic clouds, making it ideal for studying the occurrence of multi-layered clouds and the seeder–feeder process. We present results from a case study on 18 May 2016, showing the occurrence frequency of multi-layered clouds and the seeder–feeder process. About half of all observed clouds were categorized as multi-layered, and the external seeder–feeder process occurred in 10 % of these clouds. Between cloud layers, ≈60 % of the ice particle mass was lost due to sublimation or melting. The external seeder–feeder process was found to be more important than the internal seeder–feeder process with regard to the impact on precipitation. In the case where the external seeder–feeder process was inhibited, the average surface precipitation and riming rate over the domain were both reduced by 8.5 % and 3.9 %, respectively. When ice–graupel collisions were allowed, further large reductions were seen in the liquid water fraction and riming rate. Inhibiting the internal seeder–feeder process enhanced the liquid water fraction by 6 % compared to a reduction of 5.8 % in the cloud condensate, therefore pointing towards the de-amplification in cloud glaciation and a reduction in surface precipitation. Adding to the observational evidence of frequent seeder–feeder situations, at least over Switzerland, our study highlights the extensive influence of sedimenting ice particles on the properties of feeder clouds as well as on precipitation formation.
A multi-instrumental approach for calibrating real-time mass spectrometers using high-performance liquid chromatography and positive matrix factorization
Authors: Schueneman Melinda K. , Day Douglas A. , Kim Dongwook , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Yun Seonsik , DeVault Marla P. , Ziola Anna C. , Ziemann Paul J. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Obtaining quantitative information for molecular species present in aerosols from real-time mass spectrometers such as an extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI) and an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) can be challenging. Typically, molecular species are calibrated directly through the use of pure standards. However, in some cases (e.g., secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), direct calibrations are impossible, as many SOA species can either not be purchased as pure standards or have ambiguous molecular identities. In some cases, bulk OA sensitivities are used to estimate molecular sensitivities. This approach is not sufficient for EESI, which measures molecular components of OA, because different species can have sensitivities that vary by a factor of more than 30. Here, we introduce a method to obtain EESI calibration factors when standards are not available, and we provide a thorough analysis of the feasibility, performance, and limitations of this new technique. In this method, complex aerosol mixtures were separated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by aerosol formation via atomization. The separated aerosols were then measured by an EESI and an AMS, which allowed us to obtain sensitivities for some species present in standard and SOA mixtures. Pure compounds were used to test the method and characterize its uncertainties, and obtained sensitivities were consistent within ±20 % when comparing direct calibrations vs. HPLC calibrations for a pure standard and within a factor of 2 for a standard mixture. In some cases, species were not completely resolved by chromatography, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) of AMS data enabled further separation. This method should be applicable to other real-time MS techniques. Improvements in chromatography are possible that would allow better separation in complex mixtures.
Technical note: An improved methodology for calculating the Southern Annular Mode index to aid consistency between climate studies
Authors: Velasquez-Jimenez Laura , Abram Nerilie J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) strongly influences climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere. The SAM index describes the phase and magnitude of the SAM and can be calculated by measuring the difference in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) between middle and high latitudes. This study investigates the effects of calculation methods and data resolution on the SAM index, and subsequent interpretations of SAM impacts and trends. We show that the normalisation step that is traditionally used in calculating the SAM index leads to substantial differences in the magnitude of the SAM index calculated at different temporal resolutions. Additionally, the equal weighting that the normalisation approach gives to MSLP variability at the middle and high southern latitudes artificially alters temperature and precipitation correlations and the interpretation of climate change trends in the SAM. These issues can be overcome by instead using a natural SAM index based on MSLP anomalies, resulting in consistent scaling and variability in the SAM index calculated at daily, monthly and annual data resolutions. The natural SAM index has improved representation of SAM impacts in the high southern latitudes, including the asymmetric (zonal wave-3) component of MSLP variability, whereas the increased weighting given to mid-latitude MSLP variability in the normalised SAM index incorporates a stronger component of tropical climate variability that is not directly associated with SAM variability. We conclude that an improved approach of calculating the SAM index from MSLP anomalies without normalisation would aid consistency across climate studies and avoid potential ambiguity in the SAM index, including SAM index reconstructions from palaeoclimate data, and thus enable more consistent interpretations of SAM trends and impacts.
A major midlatitude hurricane in the Little Ice Age
Authors: Dickie John , Wach Grant
Published: May 2024

Abstract. An unusually severe hurricane (Louisbourg Storm) struck Nova Scotia, Canada, in 1757. Historic records describing storm conditions as well as damage to ships and coastal fortifications indicate an intensity beyond any modern (post-1851) Atlantic cyclones striking the same region, yet this storm struck during a cold climate period known as the Little Ice Age (LIA). Its track and timing coincided with a British naval blockade of a French fleet at Fortress Louisbourg during the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). This provides a unique opportunity to explore growing scientific evidence of heightened storminess in the North Atlantic despite a colder climate expected to suppress hurricane intensification but which research is increasingly showing to have supported North Atlantic storms of exceptional strength. Weather attributes extracted from the logs of naval vessels scattered by the Louisbourg Storm provided multiple hourly observations recorded at different locations. Wave height and wind force estimates at ship locations were compared to extreme storm surge heights calculated for Louisbourg Harbour and a shipwreck site south of Fortress Louisbourg. Comparing these metrics to those of modern analogues that crossed the same bathymetry reflects landfall intensity consistent with a powerful major hurricane. Historical records show this storm originated as a tropical cyclone at the height of hurricane season and intensified into the northern midlatitudes along the Gulf Stream. Its intensity at landfall is consistent with established seasonal climatological models where highly baroclinic westerlies driven by autumn continental cooling encounter intensifying north-tracking tropical cyclones fuelled by sea surface temperatures that peak in autumn. Stronger seasonal contrasts from earlier and colder continental westerlies in the Little Ice Age (LIA) may have triggered explosive extratropical transition from a large hurricane resulting in a more severe strike. It suggests that tropical cyclones lasting days to weeks and the conditions that generate them are likely masked by cooler historic mean annual to multi-decadal LIA climate reconstructions.
Measurement Report: Seasonal variation and anthropogenic influence on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in the South China Sea: Insights from shipborne observations during summer and winter of 2021
Authors: Ou Hengjia , Cai Mingfu , Zhang Yongyun , Ni Xue , Liang Baoling , Sun Qibin , Mai Shixin , Sun Cuizhi , Zhou Shengzhen , Wang Haichao , Sun Jiaren , Zhao Jun
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Understanding seasonal variation in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and the impact of anthropogenic emissions in marine environments is crucial for assessing climate change. In this study, two shipborne observations in the South China Sea (SCS) during the summer and winter of 2021 were conducted. During summer, higher particle number concentrations but lower mass concentrations of non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM1) were observed. These differences were attributed to the dominance of particles in the Aitken mode during summer and in the accumulation mode during winter. Moreover, particles during summer were more hygroscopic with higher activation ratios (ARs) at all supersaturation (SS). Based on backward trajectory analysis, the whole campaign was classified into terrestrial and mixed air mass influence periods. Particles measured during the terrestrial period consistently exhibited lower hygroscopicity values. Additionally, minor variations were shown for all NR-PM1 components under different air mass influences during summer, while the mass fraction of nitrate increased significantly under terrestrial influence during winter. Particle number size distribution (PNSD) exhibited unimodal distribution during terrestrial period and bimodal distribution during mixed air mass influence period, with winter displaying a more pronounced bimodal pattern than summer. The impact of PNSD on AR was greater than on aerosol hygroscopicity in summer, and vice versa in winter. During terrestrial period, significant variations in PNSD were observed with the offshore distance, and the largest variation was seen in Aitken mode during both summer and winter. Meanwhile, aerosol hygroscopicity shows an increasing trend with the offshore distance, which is primarily attributed to the increase of sulfate fraction during summer and the decrease of the black carbon fraction during winter. Using a single parameterized PNSD in the NCCN prediction can lead to errors exceeding 100 % during both summer and winter, with dominant terrestrial air masses in the SCS atmosphere, while using a constant hygroscopicity parameter would lower the errors in the NCCN prediction (~15 % during winter and ~10 % during summer). Our study shows significant differences in aerosol properties between winter and summer seasons and highlights the influence of anthropogenic emissions on the CCN activity in the SCS.
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model in R (TEMIR) version 1.0: simulating ecophysiological responses of vegetation to atmospheric chemical and meteorological changes
Authors: Tai Amos P. K. , Yung David H. Y. , Lam Timothy
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The newly developed offline land ecosystem model Terrestrial Ecosystem Model in R (TEMIR) version 1.0 is described here. This version of the model simulates plant ecophysiological (e.g., photosynthetic and stomatal) responses to varying meteorological conditions and concentrations of CO2 and ground-level ozone (O3) based on prescribed meteorological and atmospheric chemical inputs from various sources. Driven by the same meteorological data used in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, this allows asynchronously coupled experiments with GEOS-Chem simulations with unique coherency for investigating biosphere–atmosphere chemical interactions. TEMIR agrees well with FLUXNET site-level gross primary productivity (GPP) in terms of both the diurnal and monthly cycles (correlation coefficients R2>0.85 and R2>0.8, respectively) for most plant functional types (PFTs). Grass and shrub PFTs have larger biases due to generic model representations. The model performs best when driven by local site-level meteorology rather than reanalyzed gridded meteorology. Simulation using gridded meteorology agrees well for annual GPP in seasonality and spatial distribution with a global average of 134 Pg C yr−1. Application of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory to infer canopy conditions from gridded meteorology does not improve model performance, predicting an increase of +7 % in global GPP. Present-day O3 concentrations simulated by GEOS-Chem and an O3 damage scheme at high sensitivity show a 2 % reduction in global GPP with prominent reductions of up to 15 % in eastern China and the eastern USA. Regional correlations are generally unchanged when O3 is present and biases are reduced, especially for regions with high O3 damage. An increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of 20 ppmv from the level in 2000 to the level in 2010 modestly decreases O3 damage due to reduced stomatal uptake, consistent with ecophysiological understanding. Our work showcases the utility of this version of TEMIR for evaluating biogeophysical responses of vegetation to changes in atmospheric composition and meteorological conditions.
Branch Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish
Nation in Olsztyn. 1965–1998
Authors: Ciesielski Wojciech
Published: May 2024

Artykuł zawiera krótki, syntetyczny opis funkcjonowania w Olsztynie Okręgowej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce (działającej od 1991 r. pod nazwą Komisji Badania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu). Trwająca trzydzieści trzy lata działalność Komisji w Olsztynie została scharakteryzowana w postaci kalendarium z lat 1965-1999, wykazów śledztw w sprawach dot. zbrodni hitlerowskich oraz zbrodni stalinowskich, spisu członków i pracowników OK w Olsztynie, jak również organizowanych przez nich konferencji i sesji naukowych, a także publikacji członków i pracowników OK w Olsztynie. W artykule nie zabrakło też wykazu wykorzystanych źródeł, co stanowi istotną pomoc dla badaczy tej tematyki.
Shaping regional identity in the 21st century by commemorating the poet of the Varmia – Maria Zientara-Malewska (1894–1984)
Authors: Chłosta-Zielonka Joanna Maria
Published: May 2024

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, że postać warmińskiej poetki Marii Zientary-Malewskiej, która łączy przeszłość z teraźniejszością, może pomóc w poczuciu o regionalnej tożsamości. Istnienie w krajobrazie kulturowym różnorodnych nośników pamięci o niej, staje się mimowolnym bodźcem do uczestniczenia w ich kontemplacji, a w dalszym procesie wzbudza głębsze zainteresowanie miejscem, przedmiotem, tematem a w końcu samą osobą, prowadząc do budowania poczucia przynależności do pewnej wspólnoty przeżyć i wyobrażeń. Maria Zientara-Malewska jest postacią symboliczną dla Warmii. Można o niej mówić w wielu kontekstach: ucząc historii tej ziemi, opowiadając o jej dziedzictwie kulturowym, o tutejszych zwyczajach, tradycji, folklorze, gwarze warmińskiej – nawiązywała do gwary w poezji i prozie, piśmiennictwie.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE NECESSITY TO EXPAND THE LIST OF EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS (IN CASE OF OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES)
Authors: Nurtan Azamat Yerlanuly
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the issues of improving the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of enforcement proceedings in terms of expanding the list of enforcement documents. As is known, the executive document, due to its qualities endowed by law, represents the basis for the commencement of enforcement proceedings. Currently, the problem is that the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Enforcement Proceedings and the Status of Bailiffs”, while establishing a closed list of enforcement documents, does not provide for the inclusion in this list of other types of documents that at the present stage of development of legislation could be considered as enforcement documents, having the force of enforcement and which could simplify civil circulation and the procedure for restoring the subjective rights of individuals. Thus, the purpose of this article is to consider the need and possibility of expanding the range of executive documents. The article analyzes the norms of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as international agreements governing executive documents. The author, using the method of analysis, the formal legal method, methods of systematization and modeling makes a conclusion as a result of the research, about the need to improve the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of enforcement proceedings in terms of the rules governing executive documents by including a mediation agreement, notarized agreement about resolving a dispute by negotiations, agreements on the payment of alimony, decisions of the conciliation commission and labor arbitration, as well as decisions of the Eurasian Economic Commission into the list of executive documents.
Microdosing Plyometric Training Enhances Jumping Performance, Reactive Strength Index, and Acceleration among Youth Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Study Design
Authors: Liu GuiYang , Wang XiaoShuang , Xu Qi
Published: May 2024

Microdosing can facilitate better accommodation to the training stimulus while aligning with the scheduling needs of teams. In this study, the effectiveness of microdosing exposure was investigated by comparing the effects of microdosing plyometric jump training (microPJT) with those of regular plyometric jump training (regPJT) and a control group not exposed to plyometric training. The comparison focused on the effects on jumping performance, reactive strength index (RSI), and acceleration over a 10-meter distance. Fifty-two male youth soccer players (16.3 ± 0.6 years old) from under-17 teams participated in a randomized controlled study, with interventions lasting 8 weeks. Assessments were conducted twice, before and after the intervention, measuring squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), RSI during drop jumps, and acceleration in a 10-meter sprint test. The regPJT group completed 34 bilateral jumps and 48 unilateral jumps per week over two weekly sessions, totaling 82 jumps. Conversely, the microPJT group performed 17 bilateral jumps and 24 unilateral jumps weekly over 4 sessions week, totaling 41 jumps. Significant interactions between groups and time were observed concerning SJ (p < 0.001; η2= 0.282), CMJ (p < 0.001; η2= 0.368), RSI (p < 0.001; η2= 0.400) and 10-m sprint time (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.317). Between-group analysis indicated that both the microPJT (p < 0.001) and regPJT (p < 0.001) groups exhibited significant better results compared to the control group in post-intervention evaluation of SJ, CMJ, RSI and 10-m sprint time, while no significant differences were found between experimental groups (p > 0.050). In conclusion, this study has revealed that both microPJT and regPJT are equally effective in enhancing jumping performance and acceleration time in soccer players. This suggests that a smaller training volume, distributed more frequently across the week, can effectively induce improvements in soccer players.
Políticas para a gestão da Educação Básica em Mato Grosso do Sul: ressignificando velhos conceitos
Authors: Alves Andrêssa Gomes de Rezende , Bigarella Nadia
Published: May 2024

Neste artigo, visou-se discutir os conceitos de gestão democrática e participação na escola, a partir das políticas para a educação desenvolvidas pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso do Sul no período de 2007 a 2022. A investigação compreendeu coleta, sistematização e análise de documentos produzidos em âmbito federal e estadual, como legislação, políticas e programas voltados para a Educação Básica. Os resultados permitiram constatar que os programas governamentais que nortearam as políticas educacionais no período supracitado priorizaram a inserção de conceitos de gestão gerencial, causando implicações no processo de participação da comunidade nas decisões dos rumos da escola. Esse modelo de gestão fez adequação no trabalhado docente, voltando-o para atender interesses do mercado, ressignificando a sua identidade profissional. Criou-se, assim, um ambiente de instabilidade, de insegurança, de competitividade e de afastamento do debate na perspectiva de gestão democrática, distanciando a escola da acepção aristotélica, que defende que política deve promover o diálogo mais humanizado, relacionando a política à vida boa, justa e feliz. As relações mais humanizadas na escola são fundamentais para orientar as ações coletivas que leve à felicidade e ao bem-estar dos sujeitos.
Performance of CI Engine with Progressive Replacement of Blended Plant Oil by Producer Gas
Authors: R N Singh  , S P Singh  , B S Pathak
Published: May 2024

A multi cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine with matching alternator was operated successfully with mixed fuels (petro-diesel, de-waxed de-gummed Jatropha oil! karanja oil/ rice bran oil and Producer gas) and its performance was verified through extensive, short (6 hours) and long duration (30 h) trials. Study revealed that CI engine can also be run on blended de-waxed and de-gummed Jatropha oil with diesel even up to 50%, but preheating of mixture was required at 60°C to reduce viscosity, when blending of oil with diesel is more than 10%. Maximum blending of plant oil with petro-diesel and its operation with CI engine also depends upon the quality of the plant oil. In case of refined rice bran oil, it was as high as 75%. Maximum replacement of blended plant oil by producer gas was 68% with minor losses in engine output compared to petro-diesel. In general, exhaust gas temperature and specific energy consumption increased in mixed fuel mode with all the three oils, however brake thermal efficiency decreased. It was due to lower calorific value of plant oils and producer gas. In CI Engine having 18.4: I compression ratio, at 84% engine load and with mixed fuel concentration of pollutants like CO, HC, NO, N02 was reduced by up to 51, 65, 83 and 85%, respectively. However, in case of rice bran oil, CO concentration increased as compared to petro-diesel.