bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Temperature Induced Unfolding of Crambin Follow the Arrhenius Equation.
Authors: Dalby Andrew R. , Shamsir Mohd Shahir
Published: August 2015

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used extensively to model the folding and unfolding of proteins. The rates of folding and unfolding should follow the Arrhenius equation over a limited range of temperatures. This study shows that molecular dynamic simulations of the unfolding of crambin between 500K and 560K do follow the Arrhenius equation. They also show that while there is a large amount of variation between the simulations the average values for the rate show a very high degree of correlation.
Recent advances in understanding/managing eosinophilic esophagitis in adults
Authors: Katzka David A.
Published: August 2015

It is an exciting time for research in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). As a new and increasingly prevalent disease, it is receiving considerable attention in the medical world, resulting in a flood of new insights. Clearly, a genetic predisposition seems likely with the identification of abnormalities in thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), calpain14, and eotaxin-3 genes. There are also well-defined abnormalities described in esophageal epithelial barrier function in these patients. The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and EoE remains unclear, but emerging data suggest that the concept of proton pump inhibitor responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPIREE) may retain less importance, as this subset of patients becomes a likely subset of EoE in general. Finally, we approach the looming issue of long-term maintenance therapy. Although we lack adequate specific data on how to provide long-term pharmacologic treatment, studies clearly show that for most patients, this is a progressive disease that warrants such consideration.
The challenge of objective scar colour assessment in a clinical setting: using digital photography
Authors: Anderson J.C. , Hallam M-J. , Nduka C. , Osorio D.
Published: August 2015

Objective:

Scar assessment in the clinical setting is typically impeded by a lack of quantitative data and most systems rely on subjective rating scales which are user dependant and show considerable variability between raters. The growing use of digital photography in medicine suggests a more objective approach to scar evaluation. Our objective was to determine if cameras could be of practical use for measuring colour in a clinical setting.

Method:

The measurement of colour and reflectance spectra in photographs faces two difficulties: firstly the effects of variable illumination spectra, and secondly to recover accurate colour and spectral information from the sparse red, green and blue (RGB) camera signals. As a result the colour rendition is often inaccurate, and spectral information is lost. To deal with variable illumination and other factors that systematically affect all reflectance spectra ColourWorker (a method for image-based colour measurement implemented in software) calibrates the spectral responses of the camera's RGB sensors using a colour standard in the image. To make best use of the calibrated signals, it takes advantage of the fact that although a given RGB signal can be caused by an infinite number of spectra, most natural reflectance spectra vary smoothly and have predictable forms. This means given a set of examples of spectra produced by the materials of interest, it is possible to estimate the specific spectrum that produced a given RGB signal once corrected for the illumination. We describe a method for recovering spectral and chromatic information relating to surface reflectance from ordinary digital images and apply this to analyse photographs of surgical scars, taken as part of a clinical trial, in an attempt to better quantify clinical scar assessment. It should be noted the pre-existing trial protocol did not allow for a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy of the method which would require the spectrophotometric measurement of skin regions corresponding to those in the photographs.

Results:

Scar colour was estimated reliably, and with simple image analysis we were able to record the change in colour across the skin. Furthermore, we describe a simple automated assessment procedure that enables scar severity to be quantified and defined using a single scalar value easily.

Conclusion:

Such image-based colour measurement and assessment offers considerable advantages over other current methods, including spectrometers, which measure only a single point, or printed charts.
Applied Use of Composite Quality Measures for EHR-enabled Practices
Authors: Amoah Aurora O. , Amirfar Sam , Silfen Sheryl L. , Singer Jesse , Wang Jason J.
Published: August 2015

Introduction: The Primary Care Information Project (PCIP) of the New York City
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has been assisting providers to implement health
information technology such as electronic health records (EHRs) since its founding in
2005. Currently, all practices affiliated with PCIP are offered technical support
services in order to improve the use of the EHR. We studied the performance of clinical
practices on EHR-derived Composite Quality Measures (CQMs) over time. Because specific
EHR functionalities are important to calculating the quality measures, we hypothesize
that performance on each of the CQMs will differ according to the EHR functionalities,
and that this can inform the process of developing targeted technical assistance for the
practices.Methods: We created four CQMs: (1) Screening, (2) Assessment, (3) Control-BP,
and (4) Control-Other. Using data from 93 practices, we identified three tertiles of CQM
performance (premier, average, and low tiers) for each measure. A scatterplot of CQMs in
2010 versus 2011 was used to examine the individual movement of practices by tier. A
dependent t-test compared the change in mean CQMs, and a chi-square test examined the
association between the score and performance tier changes.Results: Over a one-year
period, low tier practices demonstrated the highest gains, average tier practices had
modest gains, and premier tier practices had gains in some measures, but losses in
others. On the Screening CQM 70 percent of practices remained within the same tier, with
60 percent on Assessment, 52 percent on Control-BP, and 38 percent on Control-Other; the
Control-Other group showed the greatest improvement.Discussion: By considering EHR
functionalities associated with each of the four CQMs, we suggest that technical
assistance can be better targeted to low-tier performing practices. In addition, there
is still the potential for improvement over time at practices more familiar with key
functionalities.
Enhancing policy innovation by redesigning representative democracy
Authors: Sørensen Eva
Published: August 2015

Policy innovation is a key aspect of public innovation, which has been largely overlooked. Political leadership, competition and collaboration are key drivers of policy innovation. It is a barrier in traditional models of representative democracy that they provide weak conditions for collaboration. Two Danish case studies indicate that collaboration between politicians and relevant and affected stakeholders can promote policy innovation, but also that a redesign of representative democracy is needed in order to establish a productive combination of political leadership, competition and collaboration in political life.
Ermittlung des Investitionsvolumens zur energetischen Modernisierung des Nichtwohngebäudebestands auf Grundlage von CO2-Minderungs-Szenarien und Klimaschutzstrategien am Beispiel von Wuppertal-Vohwinkel
Authors: Hamann Achim
Published: August 2015

Betrachtungen zu Klimaschutzzielen sind inzwischen beim Nichtwohngebäudebestand angekommen. Das resultierende jährliche Investitionsvolumen ist dabei immobilienökonomisch ebenso von Interesse, wie die Leitparameter zur Erreichung der CO2-Minderungen beim Nichtwohngebäudebestand bis zum Jahr 2050. Damit Antworten geliefert werden können, ist zunächst die lückenhafte Datengrundlage bei den beheizten Nichtwohngebäuden zu verbessern. Ein Modell für die Stadtteil- und Stadtebene auf Basis örtlich überprüfter Liegenschaftsdaten aus einem Geografischen Informationssystem wird dazu vorgestellt. Bezogen auf die CO2-Emissionen aus der Erzeugung der Raumwärme für Nichtwohngebäude wird für den Untersuchungsraum im Bereich von Wuppertal festgestellt, dass der Anteil etwa 13 % der CO2-Gesamtemissionen beträgt. Auf Grundlage der ermittelten Bestandsdaten für das Jahr 2010 werden CO2-Minderungs-Szenarien zum gesamten Nichtwohngebäudebestand bis zum Jahr 2050 aufgezeigt. Ergänzend wurde als Grundlage von Szenarienvarianten eine Akteursbefragung in Wuppertal-Vohwinkel zu den Teilbeständen der kirchlichen Einrichtungen und privaten Büroflächen berücksichtigt. Mit Hilfe der Szenarien konnten die Verläufe der CO2-Emissionen bis zum Jahr 2050 analysiert und Leitparameter zur Zielerreichung bis zum Jahr 2050 abgeleitet werden. Die Ergebnisse stellen Grundlagen zu ersten Abschätzungen des jährlich notwendigen Investitionsvolumens zur energetischen Modernisierung des Nichtwohngebäudebestands dar. Das jährliche Investitionsvolumen wird auf dieser Grundlage bis zum Jahr 2020 für den Stadtteil Vohwinkel (ca. 30.000 Einwohner) und für die Stadt Wuppertal (ca. 350.000 Einwohner) abgeschätzt.
Numerical Methods for Genetic Regulatory Network Identification Based on a Variational Approach
Authors: Feng Xiaobing , Yoon Miun
Published: August 2015

This paper studies differential equation-based mathematical models
and their numerical solutions for genetic regulatory network
identification. The primary objectives are to design, analyze,
and test a general variational framework and numerical methods for seeking its
approximate solutions for reverse engineering genetic regulatory
networks from microarray datasets. In the proposed variational
framework, no structure assumption on the genetic network is presumed,
instead, the network is solely determined by the microarray profile
of the network components and is identified through a well chosen
variational principle which minimizes an energy functional.
The variational principle serves not only as a selection criterion
to pick up the right solution of the underlying differential
equation model but also provides an effective mathematical characterization
of the small-world property of genetic regulatory networks which
has been observed in lab experiments. Five specific models
within the variational framework and efficient numerical methods
and algorithms for computing their solutions are proposed and
analyzed. Model validations using both synthetic
network datasets and subnetwork datasets of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and E. coli are
performed on all five proposed variational models and
a performance comparison versus some existing genetic regulatory network
identification methods is also provided.
The macromolecular crowding effect – from in vitro into the cell
Authors: Gnutt David , Ebbinghaus Simon
Published: August 2015

The influence of the cellular milieu, a complex and crowded solvent, is often neglected when biomolecular structure and function are studied in vitro. To mimic the cellular environment, crowding effects are commonly induced in vitro using artificial crowding agents like Ficoll or dextran. However, it is unclear if such effects are also observed in cellulo. Diverging results on protein stability in living cells point out the need for new quantitative methods to investigate the contributions of excluded volume and nonspecific interactions to the cellular crowding effect. We show how new crowding sensitive probes may be utilized to directly investigate crowding effects in living cells. Moreover, we discuss processes where crowding effects could play a crucial role in molecular cell biology.
A constitutive function for the heat flux in short-fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Herrmann Heiko
Published: August 2015

A constitutive function for heat flux in short-fiber-reinforced composites is developed. The fiber orientation distribution is considered using second-order orientation tensor; therefore, the constitutive function for the heat flux will depend on the orientation tensor. The resulting orthotropic equation is discussed also in the context of energy efficiency of buildings.
Linguistic minorities and the multilingual turn: constructing language ownership through affect in cultural production
Authors: McLaughlin Mireille
Published: August 2015

The “multilingual turn” brings questions of language ownership to the forefront of debates about linguistic minority governance. Acadian minority cultural producers construct language ownership using multiple languages and targeting multilingual publics, but use ideologies of monolingualism to situate Acadian authenticity in place and time. As globalization brings minority language governmentality onto global terrains, cultural workers manage the tension between multilingualism and ownership through affective registers. This paper contributes to theorizing language and governmentality by understanding affect as a discursively produced register that serves to legitimate the distribution of resources. I follow the role affect plays in constructing linguistic minority subjects as agents of globalization. I flip cultural entrepreneur’s understanding of themselves as liberal agents of linguistic change and show how they are constrained by the political salience of monolingualism. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the field of linguistic minority cultural production in Acadie to track moments when questions of ownership appeared. I pay attention to the role affect played in navigating the tensions between the economic value of multilingualism for global markets and the remaining political salience of monolingualism for minorities. Affect served to reproduce the minority speaker as a particular type of subject, one “attached” to a community constructed as ideally monolingual, either in the past, present or future. I then map out global linguistic minority governmentality to show how knowledge production on language is embedded in the tensions experienced by linguistic minority cultural producers.
Что лучше — свое или чужое? (Опыт сопоставления чешских и русских неологизмов)
Authors: Райнохова Наталья
Published: August 2015

A lot of new words and idioms are the landmarks of contemporary European languages. This process is caused by extralinguistic factors, primarily the globalization of the modern world. But each European language has its own specific features in this process. The comparison of related Slavic languages in this respect shows a lot of differences in terms of their reaction to foreign words, which requires more detailed comments. But we can see some general trends: Russian is more open to borrowings, while Czech tries to adapt new words to its own lexical and grammatical system.
Из древнерусской ономастики: Симарьглъ/Семарьглъ и хинова
Authors: Ююкин М. А.
Published: August 2015

The author suggests new etymologies for two well-known Old Russian proper names. The god name of Simarĭglŭ/Semarĭglŭ is loaned from East Iranic (Scytho-Sarmatian) of the Alanic Caucasian period and corresponds to Ossetic xī/xe ‘oneself’ and maræg ‘murderer; killing’, xemaræg ‘suicide (person)’ and the Russian participle suffix -l-. The motive of god’s suicide is extended in mythology, including the Nart epic. The ethnonym Khinova mentioned in “The Tale of Igor’s campaign“ is of Baltic origin and comes from IE *skū-n- ‘asylum, shelter; shield, etc.’ and the suffix -ava/-uva, very frequent in the Baltic ethnonymics.
A Slavonic etymology of Hung. ocsúdik ‘to come to, to awake’ and the question of the morphological adaptation of Slavonic loan verbs in Hungarian
Authors: Németh Michał
Published: August 2015

The two Turkic etymologies of Hung. ocsúdik (1508) ‘to awake, to come to, to regain consciousness’ proposed, on the one hand, in the late 19th century by Vámbéry (1870) and, on the other, by K. Palló in 1976 and 1982, have been rightly rejected by the authors of TLH. At the same time, the explanation for the origin of this word found in the etymological dictionaries of Hungarian (TESz, EWUng, Zaicz 2006), namely, that it is a derivative of an unknown unproductive stem, is not entirely convincing for morphological reasons. The present paper offers a new etymology for this word, explaining it as a loanword from East Slavonic очюдитися ‘to regain consciousness, to awake’ attested in 16th- and 17th-century Russian. The starting point for the discussion is M. Stachowski’s (2014) article, in which he compared Hung. ocsúdik with Polish dialectal ocudzić ‘to revive’.
О соотношении лексико-семантической категории предельности и глагольного вида
Authors: Ясаи Ласло
Published: August 2015

This paper discusses the question what influence the category of limitativity has on the category of verbal aspect. From this point of view, the author focuses on the semantic types of aspectual pairs, and verbs of delimitative manner of action are analyzed in this respect as well. In conclusion, the author also touches upon the aspectual model of clusters which has received special emphasis in L. Janda’s research.
Отражение истории, культуры и традиций Боснии в языке и фразеологии
Authors: Хмелевский М. С.
Published: August 2015

The modern phraseology of Bosnian Muslims is one of unknown destinations in Balkan Slavonic linguistics. In this region, we recognize international and specific points, which illustrate different processes in history, culture, and traditions of Bosnia. We pay special attention to tracks of Slavonic, Eastern, and European cultures; Orthodox, Catholic, and Muslims mentalities in lexicology, phraseology, and slang. Materials for this research were taken from the personal interviewing of citizens during our visits to Bosnia from 2007 to 2014.
Место «спортивной фразеологии» в составе общего фразеологического фонда современного русского языка
Authors: Савченко А. В.
Published: August 2015

This paper touches upon the description of the phraseological units which are currently used in the sphere of sports in present-day Russian. Such units have their origin both in sports slang and in mass media language. On the other hand, such units have not only a high level of expressivity but nowadays they are often used as picturesque and metaphoric means in other discourses, e.g. political, social, economic, and in everyday communication. This type of sports idioms now constitutes a special section in the general phraseological base of Russian.
P-type Doping of Organic Charge Transport Materials with Tungsten Oxide
Authors: Li X. M. , Yang R. Y. , Cao X. A.
Published: August 2015

The effects of WO3 doping in 4,4’-bis-9-carbozyl biphenyl (CBP) were studied through detailed electrical device characterization. A series of hole-only devices have been fabricated, where the doping level was varied from 10-40mol% and the doped CBP thickness was varied from 5-40 nm. It was found that, to achieve effective doping for improved hole injection and transport, the doping level should be greater than 20mol% and the doped layer should be at least 10 nm thick. It was also found that an energy barrier exists at the doped and undoped CBP interface, resulting in an additional voltage drop. This finding was explained by a large downward shift of the Fermi level in WO3-doped CBP, which causes band bending and depletion at the interface. Finally, simplified green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with CBP as the hole transport and host material were fabricated. With a WO3-doped hole transport layer, the OLEDs attained brightness above 105 cd/m2 at 20 mA/cm2, and exhibited an improved reliability under constant-current stressing as compared to undoped OLEDs.
Esminės charakteristikos pacientų, atvykstančių į pirminę kelio sąnario endoprotezavimo operaciją
Authors: Sveikata Tomas , Brogaitė-Martinkėnienė Viktorija , Porvaneckas Narūnas , Molytė Alma , Lisovski Vladislav , Venalis Algirdas
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: kelio sąnario osteoartrozė, endoprotezavimas, kelio skausmas, funkcinis pajėgumas. Darbo tikslas. Išsiaiškinti ir įvertinti pacientų, sergančių pirmine kelio sąnario osteoartroze, esmines charakteristikas prieš endoprotezavimo operaciją ir nustatyti jų ryšį su kūno mase ir amžiumi. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Atliktas prospektyvinis tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo 221 tiriamas pacientas, hospitalizuotas į Respublikinę Vilniaus universitetinę ligoninę, Ortopedijos skyrių, planuojant atlikti pirminę kelio sąnario endoprotezavimo operaciją dėl pirminės osteoartrozės. Demografiniai, socialiniai ir klinikiniai duomenys surinkti anketinės apklausos būdu. Rezultatai. Tiriamųjų vidutinis amžius buvo 68,42 ± 8,30 metų. Moterys sudarė 83,26 proc, tiriamųjų, jų vidutinis amžius – 68,30±8,18. Vyrai sudarė 16,74 proc., jų vidutinis amžius – 69,05 ± 9,00. Vidutinis tiriamųjų kūno masės indeksas 32,96 ± 5,93 kg/m2. 60,18 proc. tiriamųjų pagal Charnley klasifikaciją priskirti B grupei. Vertinant rentgenogramas, remiantis Ahlbäck klasifikacija, 43,18 proc. tiriamųjų nustatytas 3 kelio sąnario pažeidimo tipas. 66,52 proc. apklaustųjų nenaudojo jokių pagalbinių priemonių kasdienėje veikloje. 49,32 proc. kartais vartojo analgetikus kelio skausmui mažinti. Vertinant pacientų mobilumą, 76,02 proc. atliko „Stok ir eik“ testą per mažiau nei 10 sekundžių. Daugiausia pacientų FCI buvo 3 balai. Visų apklaustųjų „Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index“ balų vidurkis 47,74 ± 18,44. Statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas nustatytas normalaus kūno svorio ir II laipsnio nutukimo grupėse (p = 0,03), normalaus kūno svorio ir III laipsnio nutukimo grupėse (p = 0,03), antsvorio ir III laipsnio nutukimo grupėse (p = 0,048). Rastas statistiškai reikšmingas kūno masės indekso skirtumas tarp < 60 ir ≥ 60 metų amžiaus grupių (p = 0,015). Vyresnio amžiaus grupės pacientų KMI buvo 32,49. Išvados. Dauguma pacientų, atvykstančių į kelio sąnario endoprotezavimo operaciją, buvo vyresnio amžiaus moterys, turinčios keletą gretutinių lėtinių ligų ir didesnį KMI. Priešoperacinio ištyrimo metu daugumai jų nustatyta pažengusi abiejų kelio sąnarių osteoartrozės stadija. Pusė tokių pacientų kartais pagal poreikį vartojo nuskausminamuosius vaistus ir 66,5 proc. nenaudojo pagalbinių priemonių vaikštant. Daugumos pacientų mobilumas buvo geras. Visų tiriamųjų WOMAC balų skaičius, vertinant skausmą, sustingimą ir funkcinį pajėgumą, buvo vidutinis. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad didesnis kūno masės indeksas koreliuoja su blogesne sergančio sąnario funkcija, didesniu sąstingiu ir skausmu.
Spalvų juslės sutrikimai, diagnostiniai tyrimai ir spalvų juslės reikšmė gyvenime ir oftalmologijoje
Authors: Būdienė Brigita , Liutkevičienė Rasa , Čebatorienė Džastina , Ašmonienė Virginija , Jasinskienė Aistė , Kriaučiūnienė Loresa , Liutkevičienė Giedrė
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: spalvos, diagnostika, reikšmė. Akis yra sudėtingas receptorius. Elektrocheminio proceso metu tinklainės stiebeliai ir kūgeliai reaguoja į šviesą, gauti impulsai daugybe optinių neuronų siunčiami į smegenų regos centrą, kuriame vyksta duomenų apdorojimas ir suvokimas, kokias spalvas matome. Tinklainės kūgeliai yra trijų rūšių – vieni jautrūs tik mėlynai spalvai, kiti – žaliai ir raudonai. Pastariesiems reaguojant įvairiomis kombinacijomis, galime matyti ir skirti daugiau nei 7 milijonus spalvų. Žmogus gimsta beveik visiškai sugebėdamas skirti spalvas. Įdomu tai, kad ne visi signalai pasiekia smegenų regos centrą, apie 20 procentų jų keliauja į posmegeninę liauką, kuri, reaguodama į gautus impulsus, išskiria hormonines medžiagas, veikiančias visą organizmą – kas ir yra atsakas į spalvinį dirgiklį. Spalvų juslės tyrimai padeda išskirti šviesą iš spalvos tono, intensyvumo ir šviesumo. Naudojami šie spalvų juslės tyrimai: Ishiharos tyrimas (nustato tik raudonos ir žalios spalvų juslės sutrikimus), AO-HRR lentelės (nustato raudonos ir žalios bei mėlynos ir geltonos spalvų juslės sutrikimus), Munsell-Farnsworth 100 atspalvių išrinkimo tyrimas (nustato raudonos ir žalios bei mėlynos ir geltonos spalvų juslės sutrikimus ir spalvų sodrumą), Farnsworth D-15 tyrimas (nustato raudonos ir žalios bei mėlynos ir geltonos spalvų juslės sutrikimus), Nagelio anomaloskopas (tik raudonos ir žalios spalvų juslės sutrikimus). Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiame spalvų juslės sutrikimus, tyrimus ir jų reikšmę gyvenime bei oftalmologijoje.
Natūralus imunitetas atavistiniam endotoksinui eksperimentinėje onkologijoje ir žmogaus vėžio profilaktikoje (naujos koncepcijos apžvalga)
Authors: Moncevičiūtė-Eringienė Elena
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: vėžys, endotoksinas, imunitetas, profilaktika, koncepcija. Daugiamečiai natūralaus imuniteto endotoksinui tyrimai, pradedant nuo 1970 m., atlikti Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Profilaktinės imunologijos laboratorijoje, parodė, kad natūralaus imuniteto funkcijos tiek imunostimuliuotų, tiek imunosupresuotų organizmų yra glaudžiai susijusios su specifiniais IgM klasės natūraliais antikūnais (IgMNA) enterobakteriniam bendram antigenui (EBA), esančiam žarninės grupės mikroorganizmų išorinėje membranoje, t. y. endogeniniai ar spontaniniai antikūnai gram-neigiamos bakterijos Alcaligenes faecalis 415 lipopolysacharido molekulėms, vadinamoms endotoksinu (IgMNAE). Šie duomenys, remiantis mūsų anksčiau sukurtos vėžio kilmės rezistentiškumo teorijos biologiniais dėsniais (rezistentiškumas ir atavizmas), leido pasiūlyti bendrą hipotezę apie „snaudžiančio“ atavistinio endotoksino galimą aktyvaciją ir svarų vaidmenį vėžio patologijoje navikinėms ląstelėms tampant savarankiška parazitine populiacija. Hipotezės išvados buvo ekstrapoliuotos į žmogaus vėžio profilaktiką. 1979 ir 1982 m. tirtų 2 223 sveikų žmonių (kraujo donorų ir ne donorų) kraujo serumo IgMNAE duomenys, nustatyti precipitacijos reakcijos agaro gelyje ir autoimunografijos metodais, buvo įvertinti vėžio ligotumo atžvilgiu. Turėję IgMNAE žmonės po 15–30 metų susirgo onkologinėmis ligomis atitinkamai procentine išraiška 1/3 mažiau (5 proc.) negu jų neturėję (p < 0,05). Gauti duomenys leidžia apibendrinti, kad natūralaus imuniteto endotoksinui mechanizme galima įžvelgti organizmo homeostazės apsauginę reakciją. IgMNAE aukštas lygis pagal paveldo programą turėtų stabdyti kancerogenais pažeistų ląstelių evoliucijos eigoje „paslėpto“ ląstelės gelmėse ir kancerogenezės procese „atgyjančio“ parazitizmo nešėjo atavistinio endotoksino veikos suaktyvėjimą, būtiną vėžinių ląstelių išgyvenimui ir metastazavimui, bet antagonistišką sveikoms kūno ląstelėms. Todėl natūralaus imuniteto endotoksinui stimuliacija pagamintomis vakcinomis prieš atavistinį endotoksiną gali būti naudinga vėžio prevencijoje žmonėms su žemu natūralaus imuniteto lygmeniu ir taip pat kuriant imunoterapinius metodus, siekiant sustabdyti navikinių ląstelių endogeninį parazitizmą.
Dubens ir paraaortinių limfmazgių pašalinimo svarba gydant ir stadijuojant endometriumo vėžį
Authors: Simavičius Andrius , Bogužienė Emilija , Černauskis Karolis
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: endometriumo vėžys, limfadenektomija, dubens limfmazgiai, paraaortiniai limfmazgiai, stadijavimas. Nuo 1988 metų endometriumo vėžys stadijuojamas chirurgiškai, tačiau ir po daugybės atliktų tyrimų ir praktikos limfadenektomijos reikšmė esant ankstyvos stadijos endometriumo vėžiui kelia nemažai klausimų. Atlikus chirurginį stadijavimą galima atrinkti pacientes tolesniam adekvačiam adjuvantiniam gydymui. Deja, netikslingai atlikta limfadenektomija lemia didesnį sergamumą ir mirtingumą. Yra atlikta nemažai tyrimų, vertinančių limfadenektomijos reikšmę gydant endometriumo vėžį, vis dėlto rezultatai yra dviprasmiški ir tai kelia daug diskusijų. Pagrindiniai klausimai, susiję su limfmazgių pašalinimu, yra tokie: kaip nuspėti galimą navikinio proceso plitimą limfmazgiuose ir kaip tikslingai atrinkti tas pacientes, kurioms limfmazgių pašalinimas reikalingas. Nors atlikti tyrimai esant ankstyvos stadijos endometriumo vėžiui nepatvirtina limfmazgių pašalinimo naudos, tačiau jų rezultatai kelia nemažai diskusijų. Tikėtina, kad ateityje sarginio limfmazgio identifikavimas išspręs nemažai diskusinių klausimų. Yra žinoma, kad limfadenektomija lemia didesnį sergamumą ir ekonomines išlaidas, tačiau įtaka ilgalaikei gyvenimo kokybei lieka neaiški. Svarbiausi šio straipsnio tikslai ir būtų įvardyti parametrus, lemiančius navikinio proceso plitimą limfmazgiuose, įvardyti sarginio limfmazgio reikšmę bei suprasti netikslingos limfadenektomijos įtaką sergamumui.
Inkstų šviesių ląstelių karcinoma nėštumo metu: klinikinis atvejis
Authors: Uljanionok Diana , Juodytė Dominyka , Grybas Aivaras
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: nėštumas, inkstų karcinoma, vėžys, nefrektomija. Tikslas. Pristatyti pacientę, kuriai nėštumo metu pagal klinikinius simptomus, laboratorinius ir radiologinius tyrimus įtarta, o vėliau histologiniu tyrimu patvirtinta inkstų šviesių ląstelių karcinomos diagnozė. Supažindinti su šios ligos eiga, diagnostikos ir gydymo galimybėmis nėštumo metu. Medžiaga ir metodai. Pristatomas klinikinis atvejis – 36 metų nėščia pacientė, pirmakartė, esant 22 savaičių nėštumui, hospitalizuota į VšĮ Vilniaus miesto klinikinę ligoninę, Urologijos skyrių, dėl kraujavimo iš šlapimo takų, skausmo kairėje apatinėje juosmens srityje ir ultragarsiniu tyrimu rasto darinio inkste. Rezultatai. Remiantis klinikiniais simptomais, laboratorinių ir instrumentinių tyrimų rezultatais nustatytas 5,9 cm kairiojo inksto navikas. 23-čią nėštumo savaitę atlikta radikali nefrektomija. Histologinis tyrimas patvirtino inkstų šviesių ląstelių karcinomos diagnozę. Pooperacinė ir nėštumo eiga sklandi, gimė sveikas naujagimis. Išvados. Radikali nefrektomija yra saugus ir efektyvus nėščiųjų inkstų vėžio gydymo metodas. Patvirtinus inksto naviko diagnozę nėštumo metu, pasirenkant gydymo taktiką svarbu įvertinti naviko dydį, riziką motinai ir vaisiui, naviko klinikinę išraišką, esant reikalui, gali būti atlikta naviko biopsija. Gydymo planą turi sudaryti multidisciplininė gydytojų komanda.
How to Construct a University Study Program Based Upon the Learning Paradigm?
Authors: Stražinskaitė Dalia
Published: August 2015

The article deals with mechanisms of high school education program construction in terms of learning paradigm in social, epistemological and technological points of view. In undergraduate education the concept of learning paradigm refers to the constructivist approach to learning as a process and to student empowerment process. A study program is defied as a written form of curriculum. In social terms, strategic and political expectations of various interest groups: the academic community, the state and the market are reflected by the objectives and goals of program. In the model of the learning paradigm we must include the learner as a customer and a manager of his own learning process. Meanwhile, the social constructs (public institutions of accreditation; over evaluation of the market approach; the elite academic community) does not dare to transfer their responsibility. In epistemological point of view, the modularization provides flexibility of the program and procedural approach to program construction. However, curriculum content should not be focused only on knowing and acting (competencies required for the market), but also on being − a value for students personal development. Taking in account H. Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory, a study program has to integrate variations in learning styles. Besides, the additional resources must be provided to create rich educational environments and new assessment mechanisms before and after the learning process.
Autonomy of Schools and Quality of Education in Lithuania
Authors: Želvys Rimantas
Published: August 2015

This article discusses the relationship between autonomy of schools and quality of education. The results of the Lithuanian students who participated in the international PISA 2012 study were officially announced by the end of 2013. According to the presented report, they were rather mediocre. Lithuanian 15 year-old students were 30th in science, 37th in mathematics and 39th in reading among the 65 countries and territories which participated in the study. Countries and territories of South East Asia – Shanghai, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore – were on the top of the ratings. On the other hand, among the European nations the two Nordic countries – Finland and Estonia – seemed to show the best results. Some authors tend to explain the success of these countries by indicating the rational character of the Nordic people or the successful implementation of the welfare state model. However, other Nordic countries – Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland – showed results similar to those of Lithuania. A number of other authors, e. g., Pasi Sahlberg, claim that the outstanding results of Finland were achieved due to the high professionalism of teachers and wide autonomy of the Finnish schools. In many aspects Estonia follows the Finnish example, in particular, by ensuring the wider autonomy of schools. However,in Lithuania, according to our judgment, situation is rather different. The opinion surveys of school principals conducted in 1996, 2001 and 2009 show that majority of secondary heads consider Lithuanian education system as being too much centralized and think that school leaders should gain more decision-making powers. Analysis of key national educational documents, e. g. Education Acts and long-term educational strategies, show that there are no observable tendencies of striving towards greater autonomy of schools. If the assumption that greater school autonomy leads to a better quality of education is true, Lithuania has no reason to expect any major improvement in student achievements in the nearest future.
Mathematics learning outcomes of IX–X Grades Students are Associated with the Characteristics of Educational Environment
Authors: Cibulskaitė Nijolė , Jurkėnaitė Gintarė
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a study carried out for the purpose to highlight the characteristics of social-psychological conditions of educational environment associated with higher math learning outcomes of the IX–Xth form students. The study obtained data allowed to determine teachers’ teaching and learning methods and techniques are related with mathematics learning outcomes, and how they are determined by the nature of mathematics teachers’ communication with students. Higher mathematics learning outcomes are associated with such teachers’ teaching and learning methods and techniques: in the IXth grade – the checking and assessing of classmates’ work, check oneself class work or home work in the group of students, working with a computer at home; in the Xth grade-presentation of elements of the mathematics history. Higher mathematics learning out comes in grade IXth are related with teachers’ attention to student’s interests and emotions in the classroom, with listening to the end, when they are answering, the teachers’ assistance when the students requested it, believing in benevolence and kindness of students, pleas ant interaction with the students, the promotion of students to be dutiful; in the grade X-teachers’ attention to student well-being and interests.
La construcción de una agenda de políticas públicas de género de los hombres en México: prolegómenos
Authors: Ramírez Juan Carlos , Gutiérrez de la Torre Norma Celina , Cázares Hernández Lizett Guadalupe
Published: August 2015

La construcción de una agenda de políticas públicas que promueva la igualdad y equidad entre los géneros desde la perspectiva de género de los hombres, implica el reconocimiento social de cierta problemática sociogenérica. El objetivo de esta comunicación es mostrar los resultados de la primera etapa de un proyecto más amplio, que es un insumo para la conformación de una agenda de políticas públicas construida por actores involucrados (investigación, servicios, instituciones gubernamentales) en diversos problemas vividos por los hombres como sujetos de género en México y que se considera son factibles de transformación mediante la implantación de políticas públicas.Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta en la que se identificaron los principales temas-problema que tienen implicaciones en las políticas públicas, las instancias involucradas en su solución; las y los actores involucrados; alianzas y/o coaliciones establecidas y/o necesarias para impulsar la conformación de la agenda y la propuesta de políticas públicas.
Crianças dependentes de tecnologia: o significado do cuidado domiciliar – estudo descritivo
Authors: Lima Muriel Fernanda , De Paulo Luis Fernando , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: evidenciar fortalezas e fragilidades da família no cuidado à criança dependente de tecnologia e mudanças ocorridas após o retorno da criança ao domicílio; discutir desafios e possibilidades para a inserção familiar no processo assistencial de saúde. Método: descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com famílias de crianças doentes crônicas dependentes de tecnologia em um município do sul do Brasil. As informações obtidas foram tratadas conforme o referencial metodológico da Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática e o referencial teórico do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: a análise dos dados convergiu em cinco categorias temáticas, as quais foram exploradas e discutidas. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu conhecer os significados atribuídos pela família à experiência de cuidar de uma criança dependente de tecnologia, identificando as fragilidades do cuidado e lacunas no apoio dos serviços de saúde.
Produtos naturais no manejo agroecológico de pragas e seus inimigos naturais do algodoeiro consorciado com milho, feijão-caupi e gergelim
Authors: Araujo Gildo Pereira , Azevedo Francisco Roberto , Albuquerque Fábio Aquino , Santos Cícero Antonio Mariano , Moura Eridiane Silva , Nere Daniel Rodrigues
Published: August 2015

O algodão já foi a principal cultura cultivada no Nordeste, a sua produção alavancou o desenvolvimento de muitas cidades e contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da região semiárida. Ataque de pragas, baixas produtividades, alto custo de produção e baixa nos preços no mercado internacional, aliado a falta de assistência técnica adequada, contribuíram para o declínio da cultura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os inseticidas naturais: extrato aquoso da pimenta malagueta, caulim, Azamax®, Rotenat® e Pironat® no manejo agroecológico das principais pragas e seus inimigos naturais do algodoeiro consorciado com as culturas do milho, feijão-caupi e gergelim. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no campo experimental da Embrapa Algodão em Barbalha, Ceará, onde instalou-se o experimento para avaliação dos produtos naturais, com o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso e com quatro repetições, representado por seis tratamentos: T1-Testemunha (sem aplicação), T2-Pimenta malagueta, T3-Caulim, T4-Azamax®, T5-Rotenat® e T6-Pironat®. Os produtos foram aplicados a cada sete dias, seguidos de avaliações também semanais, considerando-se o efeito dos tratamentos sobre a ocorrência dos insetos pragas do algodoeiro e seus inimigos naturais. O Caulim é o produto natural mais eficiente no controle do bicudo do algodoeiro, Anthonomus grandis . A pimenta malagueta não é eficiente no controle das principais pragas do algodoeiro. Os produtos naturais aplicados a cada 7 dias em pulverizações nas folhas do algodoeiro não interferem na presença de inimigos naturais.
Divergência genética de genótipos de milho com e sem adubação nitrogenada em cobertura
Authors: Leite Silva Karen Cristina , Da Silva Kamilla Pires , De Carvalho Edmar Vinícius , Rotilli Eliane Aparecida , Afférri Flávio Sérgio , Peluzio Joênes Mucci
Published: August 2015

A utilização da divergência genética como base para a identificação de combinações superiores aos progenitores, apresentando maior heterozigose, faz-se importante diante da dificuldade de escolha de genótipos promissores em um programa de melhoramento. Com base no exposto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a divergência genética de genótipos de milho com e sem adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, utilizando características do estágio vegetativo da cultura, no sul do Estado do Tocantins, em Gurupi - TO. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo, um sem e outro com adubação de N em cobertura (1 - ausência de N em cobertura; 2 -150 kg ha-1 de N). Os tratamentos foram compostos por 12 genótipos (seis populações de polinização aberta; e seis linhagens S5). Na aplicação da técnica de agrupamento dos genótipos foi adotada a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2), como medida de dissimilaridade. Com relação ao estabelecimento de grupos similares, foi aplicado o método hierárquico aglomerativo de otimização proposto por Tocher. Também foi utilizado o critério de Singh para quantificar a contribuição relativa das características avaliadas na divergência genética. As características clorofila A e clorofila Total foram as que apresentaram maior contribuição para a divergência genética na condição de ausência de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura e com uso de 150 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura, respectivamente. O nitrogênio em cobertura influenciou tanto no desenvolvimento vegetativo dos genótipos, como na expressão da variabilidade genética.
Períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do pimentão nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional
Authors: Cunha Jorge Luiz Xavier Lins , Freitas Francisco Claúdio Lopes de , Coelho Maria Holanda , Silva Márcio Gledson Oliveira da , Mesquita Hélida Campos de , Silva Kaliane De Souza
Published: August 2015

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os períodos de interferências das plantas daninhas no pimentão (Capsicum annum L.), cultivado nos sistemas de plantio direto (SPD) e convencional (SPC). Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, distribuídas no delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O SPD e o SPC foram avaliados nas parcelas, e nas subparcelas, os sete períodos de controle e convivência entre as plantas daninhas e o pimentão: 0; 0–14; 0–28; 0–49; 0–70; 0–91 e 0–112 dias após transplantio (DAT). Antes de cada capina e na ocasião da colheita, foram avaliadas as espécies, a densidade e a matéria seca das plantas daninhas. Na cultura do pimentão foram avaliados diâmetro, comprimento, número, peso médio dos frutos e produtividade. Verificou-se menor incidência de plantas daninhas no SPD em relação ao SPC. Quando mantida livre da competição com as plantas daninhas, a produtividade de pimentão foi 69,57% menor no SPC em relação ao SPD. O período crítico de prevenção à interferência foi de 19 a 95 DAT no SPD e de 11 a 100 DAT no SPC.
Análise de eficiência da produção de alface no noroeste de São Paulo
Authors: De Carvalho Jaqueline Bonfim , Sabbag Omar Jorge
Published: August 2015

A alface é considerada a folhosa mais importante, cultivada e consumida mundialmente. O seu cultivo gera renda para pequenos e médios produtores, além de movimentar grande volume de recursos em sementes, adubos, defensivos e mão de obra. Entretanto, como qualquer outra exploração econômica, as medições de desempenho podem oferecer indicadores e referências para melhoria desta atividade. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o grau de eficiência de unidades produtoras de alface em Ilha Solteira, região Noroeste de São Paulo. Metodologicamente, questionários foram aplicados a uma amostragem de produtores do município, os quais foram classificados em eficientes e ineficientes, quanto aos perfis socioculturais e tecnológicos. Para a compilação das medidas de eficiência, foi aplicada a técnica de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA – Data Envelopment Analysis) para retornos constantes de escala, com orientação input, tomando como variáveis, mão de obra, irrigação, adubação e investimento. Os resultados mostraram que 20% das propriedades foram eficientes e que a unidade produtiva com menor desempenho deve minimizar o uso de insumos em 71% para se tornar eficiente, salientando o uso racional dos recursos na produção. Recomenda-se maior atenção aos produtores ineficientes, sobretudo em relação aos desperdícios do processo produtivo, na qual a técnica avalia e auxilia no processo de tomada de decisão no processo de transformação insumo-produto.
Índice de suficiência de clorofila no manejo da adubação nitrogenada do feijoeiro comum
Authors: Menegol Diego Ricardo , De Castro Pias Osmar Henrique , Santi Antônio Luis , Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Berghetti Juliano , Simon Diego Henrique
Published: August 2015

A adubação nitrogenada na cultura do feijoeiro é essencial para a obtenção de elevada produtividade, sendo que a utilização de sensores de clorofila pode auxiliar nas tomadas de decisões, com relação ao manejo do nitrogênio (N). Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a produtividade de grãos e componentes de rendimento do feijoeiro comum em função da utilização do índice de clorofila, para calcular o índice de suficiência de clorofila (ISC) e estimar a dose N a ser aplicada em cobertura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 8 x 5, sendo oito doses de N aplicadas em cobertura (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 e 280 kg ha-1) e cinco épocas de aplicação do N (logo após a semeadura, 10 dias após a emergência (DAE): quando o ISC ≤ 95%, aos 20 DAE e quando ISC ≤ 90%), com três repetições. Quando a cultura atingiu o estádio fenológico de senescência foram avaliados os componentes de rendimento e a produtividade de grãos da cultura do feijoeiro. O feijoeiro comum com um ISC ≥ 90% não apresenta resposta em produtividade de grãos pela aplicação de N em cobertura. O monitoramento do índice de clorofila para o cálculo do ISC constitui-se como uma importante estratégia para maximizar o manejo da adubação nitrogenada na cultura e evitar aplicações desnecessárias de N em cobertura.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes revestidas de braquiária híbrida cv. Mulato II
Authors: Ferreira Valquíria De Fátima , Ferreira Thaís Francielle , Carvalho Rafaela Aparecida de , Mavaieie Denilson Paulo da Rosa , Pereira Diego Souza , Oliveira João Almir
Published: August 2015

A crescente demanda por forrageiras tem impulsionado o desenvolvimento da indústria sementeira no Brasil que busca oferecer sementes de qualidade com valor agregado por meio de tecnologias. O cultivar Mulato II é a primeira espécie híbrida de braquiária comercializada no Brasil. Foi desenvolvido a partir do cruzamento de três espécies de Urochloa (U. brizantha x U. decumbens x U. ruziziensis). O revestimento de sementes é uma técnica de tratamento na pré-semeadura capaz de melhorar o desempenho das plantas no campo. Porém, o revestimento pode acarretar problemas com relação à qualidade das sementes. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito do revestimento de sementes sob a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de braquiária híbrida cv. Mulato II. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, da Universidade Federal de Lavras - MG, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6x2, sendo seis lotes de sementes, sem e com incrustação. Os testes fisiológicos utilizados foram: germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, tetrazólio e análise da enzima α-amilase. O revestimento das sementes de Braquiária híbrida cv. Mulato II reduz a viabilidade, a velocidade de germinação, a germinação, a velocidade de emergência de plântulas e a porcentagem de plântulas emergidas da espécie, comprovada pela redução da expressão da enzima α-amilase.