bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress of Atomic Layer Deposition and Molecular Layer Deposition in the Development of All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Su Yu , Hao Jialiang , Liu Xiangsi , Yang Yong
Published: November 2022

As one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation high‐energy storage systems, all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) including the bulk‐type and thin‐film‐type configurations have attracted great attention currently. The rational construction of the electrodes and electrolytes, as well as well‐controlled interface modification, are indispensable for realizing the practical application of ASSLBs. In recent decades, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition techniques (MLD) have been widely applied as powerful tools to achieve the accurate control of atomic/molecular thickness and composition adjustment of the thin protective layers or electrodes. Owing to the unique features, ALD/MLD techniques show great potential in manipulation of interfacial properties and constructing novel electrode structures in the research of ASSLBs. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the developments and applications of ALD/MLD techniques in ASSLBs, including the interface modification for both cathodes and lithium metal anodes in bulk‐type ASSLBs, and the preparation of electrodes and solid electrolytes in thin‐film type batteries. In addition, an overview of the existing challenges and the application prospects of ALD/MLD in ASSLBs are also presented.
High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Battery Achieved by Reasonable Molecular Design
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Yu , Xu Jie , Wang Yonggang
Published: November 2022

Aqueous zinc‐organic batteries are considered as a promising candidate for the large‐scale energy storage systems. However, there are some challenges, involving inferior cycle stability (<3000 cycles) and low working potential, which restrain their extensive applications. Therefore, reasonable molecular design of organics is highly required to construct high‐performance zinc batteries. Herein, chalcogen atoms are introduced into the 9,10‐anthraquinone (AQ) molecule, and the anthraquinone analogues with fused heteroaromatic structures are obtained with increased working potentials and energy densities. In particular, the benzo[1,2‐b : 4,5‐b’]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione (BDTD) is proposed as the promising cathode with a long‐term lifespan of up to 12000 cycles and outstanding rate performance. Its operation mechanism involves the reversible co‐coordination reaction of hydrated Zn2+and H+with carbonyl groups. Moreover, the good rate and cycle performance can be retained even with a high mass loading cathode (10 mg cm−2), which is close to the commercial level. This work will guide the exploration of zinc‐organic battery.
Amelia and phocomelia in Finland: Characteristics and prevalences in a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Pakkasjärvi Niklas , Syvänen Johanna , Wiro Markus , Koskimies‐Virta Eeva
Published: November 2022

Background

Amelia and phocomelia represent severe limb reduction defects. Specific epidemiologic data on these defects are scarce. We conducted a descriptive analysis of prevalence data in Finland during 1993–2008 to clarify the epidemiology nationwide in a population‐based register study. We hypothesized that increasing maternal age would affect the total prevalence of each disorder.

Materials and Methods

We collected information on all fetuses and infants affected by amelia and phocomelia during 1993–2008 from the National Register of Congenital Malformations in Finland. The clinical, laboratory, autopsy, and imaging data were re‐evaluated where available for all cases found.

Results

A total of 23 amelia and 7 phocomelia patients were identified. Thalidomide was not an etiological factor in any of the cases. The total prevalence of amelia was 2.43 per 100,000 births. The live birth prevalence was 0.63 per 100,000 live births. The total prevalence of phocomelia was 0.74 per 100,000 births, and the live birth prevalence was 0.53 per 100,000 live births. Infant mortality in amelia and phocomelia was 67% and 60%, respectively.

Conclusions

Infant mortality is high among amelia and phocomelia. Most cases had other major associated anomalies, but syndromic amelia cases were rare. Total prevalences were higher than previously reported and showed an increase in prevalence toward the end of the study period. The percentage of elective terminations of pregnancy for these disorders is high. While isolated cases are rare, they most likely present a better prognosis. Thus, correct diagnosis is essential in counseling for possible elective termination.
Analysis of four measures of positional bias within a multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment
Authors: Miranda David Ray G. , Brodhead Matthew T. , Sipila‐Thomas Emma S. , Fisher Marisa H. , Plavnick Joshua B. , Thomas Alexandria L. , Melanson Isaac J.
Published: November 2022

Positional bias is a pattern of responding to a specific location that can be influenced by response effort and/or prior learning history. Prior research on positional bias within stimulus preference assessments have focused primarily on its use in paired stimulus assessments due to the complex nature of the multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment. The present study is a secondary data analysis that utilized four different methods to measure side and center bias in a MSWO preference assessment for 19 young children with autism spectrum disorder. Participants displayed varying degrees of biased responding but collectively engaged in minimal biased responding. This study includes an analysis of the four methodologies, discussion of general patterns of responding, and general recommendations for the application of these methodologies in future research.
Student responses to creative coding in biomedical science education
Authors: Gough Phillip , Bown Oliver , Campbell Craig R. , Poronnik Philip , Ross Pauline M.
Published: November 2022

Biomedical science students need to learn to code. Graduates face a future where they will be better prepared for research higher degrees and the workforce if they can code. Embedding coding in a biomedical curriculum comes with challenges. First, biomedical science students often experience anxiety learning quantitative and computational thinking skills and second biomedical faculty often lack expertise required to teach coding. In this study, we describe a creative coding approach to building coding skills in students using the packages of Processing and Arduino. Biomedical science students were taught by an interdisciplinary faculty team from Medicine and Health, Science and Architecture, Design and Planning. We describe quantitative and qualitative responses of students to this approach. Cluster analysis revealed a diversity of student responses, with a large majority of students who supported creative coding in the curriculum, a smaller but vocal cluster, who did not support creative coding because either the exercises were not sufficiently challenging or were too challenging and believed coding should not be in a Biomedical Science curriculum. We describe how two creative coding platforms, Processing and Arduino, embedded and used to visualize human physiological data, and provide responses to students, including those minority of students, who are opposed to coding in the curriculum This study found a variety of students responses in a final year capstone course of an undergraduate Biomedical Science degree where future pathways for students are either in research higher degrees or to the workforce with a future which will be increasingly data driven.
Cytosolic TGM2 promotes malignant progression in gastric cancer by suppressing the TRIM21‐mediated ubiquitination/degradation of STAT1 in a GTP binding‐dependent modality
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Qingya , Yang Jing , Xu Penghui , Xuan Zhe , Xu Jianghao , Xu Zekuan
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous studies have revealed the critical role of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) as a potential therapeutic target in cancers, but the oncogenic roles and underlying mechanisms of TGM2 in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the role and potential mechanism of TGM2 in GC.

Methods

Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, CCK8, colony formation and transwell assays were used to measure TGM2 expression in the GC cells and tissues and to examine the in vitro role of TGM2 in GC. Xenograft and in vivo metastasis experiments were performed to examine the in vivo role of TGM2 in GC. Gene set enrichment analysis, quantitative PCR and western blotting were conducted to screen for potential TGM2 targets involved in GC. Gain/loss‐of‐function and rescue experiments were conducted to detect the biological roles of STAT1 in GC cells in the context of TGM2. Co‐immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, quantitative PCR and western blotting were conducted to identify STAT1‐interacting proteins and elucidate their regulatory mechanisms. Mutations in TGM2 and two molecules (ZM39923 and A23187) were used to identify the enzymatic activity of TGM2 involved in the malignant progression of GC and elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Results

In this study, we demonstrated elevated TGM2 expression in the GC tissues, which closely related to pathological grade, and predicted poor survival in patients with GC. TGM2 overexpression or knockdown promoted (and inhibited) cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which were reversed by STAT1 knockdown or overexpression. Further studies showed that TGM2 promoted GC progression by inhibiting STAT1 ubiquitination/degradation. Then, tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (TRIM21) was identified as a ubiquitin E3 ligase of STAT1 in GC. TGM2 maintained STAT1 stability by facilitating the dissociation of TRIM21 and STAT1 with GTP‐binding enzymatic activity. A23187 abolished the role of TGM2 in STAT1 and reversed the pro‐tumor role of TGM2 in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

This study revealed a critical role and regulatory mechanism of TGM2 on STAT1 in GC and highlighted the potential of TGM2 as a therapeutic target, which elucidates the development of medicine or strategies by regulating the GTP‐binding activity of TGM2 in GC.
Membrane Permeant Analogs for Independent Cellular Introduction of the Terpene Precursors Isopentenyl‐ and Dimethylallyl‐Pyrophosphate
Authors: Rossi Francis M. , McBee Dillon P. , Trybala Thomas N. , Hulsey Zackary N. , Gonzalez Curbelo Camila , Mazur William , Baccile Joshua A.
Published: November 2022

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) are the central five‐carbon precursors to all terpenes. Despite their significance, exogenous, independent delivery of IPP and DMAPP to cells is impossible as the negatively charged pyrophosphate makes these molecules membrane impermeant. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method to circumvent this challenge through esterification of the β‐phosphate with two self‐immolative esters (SIEs) that neutralize the negatively charged pyrophosphate to yield membrane‐permeant analogs of IPP and DMAPP. Following cellular incorporation, general esterase activity initiates cleavage of the SIEs, resulting in traceless release of IPP and DMAPP for metabolic utilization. Addition of the synthesized IPP and DMAPP precursor analogs rescued cell growth of glioblastoma (U‐87MG) cancer cells concurrently treated with the HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor pitavastatin, which otherwise abrogates cell growth via blocking production of IPP and DMAPP. This work demonstrates a new application of a prodrug strategy to incorporate a metabolic intermediate and promises to enable future interrogation of the distinct biological roles of IPP and DMAPP.
Incisional hernia by liver cysts
Authors: Giuffrè Mauro , Budel Martina , Martingano Paola , Crocè Lory Saveria
Published: November 2022

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most commonly inherited kidney disease and is associated with cystic manifestation in the liver. Patients with ADPKD are at higher risk for hernias, here we present an image of an incisional hernia full of multiple liver cysts.
Acute left side varicocele as primary presentation of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Moradi Asaad , Shakiba Behnam
Published: November 2022

A 68‐year‐old man was referred with acute left side varicocele scrotum. Abdominal computed tomography showed a mass lesion in left kidney. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy. Microscopic histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. The majority of varicocele have a non‐pathological etiology but acute varicocele may indicate retroperitoneal mass.
Right aortic arch with common origin of right carotid and left innominate artery: A case report
Authors: Chand Swati , Babayale Omofolarin , Rai Devesh , Thapa Sangharsha , Shah Sangam , Depta Jeremiah P. , Baibhav Bipul
Published: November 2022

Aortic arch anomalies are rare congenital malformations with an incidence of approximately 1–3%. Right aortic arch is an anatomical variant with an incidence of <0.1% associated with various congenital heart diseases. We present a case of a 26‐year‐old female patient with a right aortic arch with a common origin of right carotid and left innominate artery.
Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Glucose over Oxidized Transition Metal and Alloy Catalysts
Authors: Sarkar Subhasree Bhaskar , Matthews Steven J. , Jones Mark I. , Baroutian Saeid
Published: November 2022

The catalytic wet oxidation process was used to study the degradation of carbohydrates in wastewater with glucose as a model compound. The transition metals Co and Mo were transformed into their insoluble metal oxide forms, Co3O4 and MoO3. A novel catalyst was prepared by using a CuNiIn alloy, which was oxidized at 700 °C to generate an insoluble CuNiIn mixed oxide. Wet oxidation reactions were performed at 150–210 °C for 60 min at 20 bar O2 pressure. The catalytic performance of the CuNiIn oxide powder reached a reduction in chemical oxygen demand of > 80 %. Molybdenum and cobalt were highly leached into the reaction media, confirming CuNiIn oxide as the best catalyst used in terms of its performance and acetic acid production.
CFD‐DEM Simulation of Superquadric Cylindrical Particles in a Spouted Bed and a Rotor Granulator
Authors: Grohn Philipp , Schaedler Luca , Atxutegi Aitor , Heinrich Stefan , Antonyuk Sergiy
Published: November 2022

The fluidization behavior of cylindrical particles in a spouted bed was first investigated experimentally using a camera setup. The obtained average spouted bed height was used to evaluate the accuracy of different drag models in CFD‐DEM simulations with the superquadric approach to model the particle shape. The drag model according to Sanjeevi et al. showed the best agreement. With this model, cylindrical particles were simulated in a rotor granulator and the particle dynamics were compared with the fluidization of volume equivalent spherical particles.
Düngung und die Diffusion von Ammoniak
Authors: Meyer Philipp
Published: November 2022

Wie schnell diffundiert Güllestank bzw. Ammoniak im Schulgebäude? Dieser Artikel zeigt eine einfache und in jeder Schule umsetzbare Möglichkeit zur Bestimmung der Diffusionskonstante von Ammoniak in Luft. Die Ergebnisse des Experiments vermitteln den Lernenden, dass Diffusion für die Verteilung über weite Strecken nicht verantwortlich sein kann. Erzwungene und temperaturabhängige Konvektion werden als Transportprozesse über größere Strecken experimentell bewiesen, das Ansäuern von Dünger zur Verminderung von Ammoniakemissionen als innovative und nachhaltige Düngemethode wird fachlich diskutiert.
Mysteriöse Mistel – Miraculix und sonst nix?
Authors: Sicker Dieter
Published: November 2022

Haben Sie sich auch schon manchmal einen Zaubertrank gewünscht? Miraculix‘ Rezept ist zwar ein Geheimnis, aber Misteln sind in jedem Fall Bestandteil des Trunks. Doch was macht die Mistel bis heute zum Mysterium?
Si Doping Enables Activity and Stability Enhancement on Atomically Dispersed Fe−Nx/C Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acid
Authors: Li Shenzhou , Li Zhiqiang , Huang Tianping , Xie Huan , Miao Zhengpei , Liang Jiashun , Pan Ran , Wang Tanyuan , Han Jiantao , Li Qing
Published: November 2022

Fe−N−C represents the most promising non‐precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, but often suffers from poor stability in acid due to the dissolution of metal sites and the poor oxidation resistance of carbon substrates. In this work, silicon‐doped iron‐nitrogen‐carbon (Si/Fe−N−C) catalysts were developed by in situ silicon doping and metal–polymer coordination. It was found that Si doping could not only promote the density of Fe−Nx/C active sites but also elevated the content of graphitic carbon through catalytic graphitization. The best‐performing Si/Fe−N−C exhibited a half‐wave potential of 0.817 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.5 m H2SO4, outperforming that of undoped Fe−N−C and most of the reported Fe−N−C catalysts. It also exhibited significantly enhanced stability at elevated temperature (≥60 °C). This work provides a new way to develop non‐precious metal ORR catalysts with improved activity and stability in acidic media.
The circuit realization of a fifth‐order multi‐wing chaotic system and its application in image encryption
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Jing , Xu Longhao , Zhu Xiaopeng
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a new fifth‐order eight‐wing chaotic system is proposed on the basis of a five‐dimensional four‐wing chaotic system. The resulting new system is used as a basis for introducing a method that can control both the number of wings of the system and the direction of the change in the number of wings. Add a rounding function with a cosine function or a sine function to the system equation. The number of wings of the control system is controlled by changing the parameter values of the rounding function. This method can significantly increase the complexity of the system when applied in multiple directions of the system equations. And this method can achieve the purpose of controlling the wing number of the whole system by changing only one parameter. By observing the phase diagram and bifurcation diagram of the system, it is found that it has more complex chaotic properties and rich dynamical behavior and there are coexisting attractors. The chaotic properties of the system are confirmed by observing the Poincaré cross section and the 0–1 test results of the system. Afterward, the simulation circuit of the fifth‐order system is built in the simulation software Multisim. And the obtained phase diagram is consistent with the results obtained in MATLAB which confirmed the realizability of the system. An FPGA hardware implementation of this fifth‐order eight‐wing system has also been completed at the end of the paper to demonstrate the implementability of the system. And the results are highly consistent with those obtained in the MATLAB software.

The fifth‐order chaotic system is combined with the dislocation algorithm and diffusion algorithm to apply to the image encryption system. The encryption system contains a variety of encryption algorithms for secondary encryption of images including Arnold dislocation and repeat‐free scrambling algorithm. The diffusion algorithm includes the addition of the modulus length diffusion and multiplicative operation diffusion based on the GF(257) domain. After a series of performance analysis, the encryption system is proved to have good secrecy effect and great application value in the image encryption neighborhood.
Anti‐inflammatory hydrogel dressings and skin wound healing
Authors: Huang Can , Dong Lanlan , Zhao Baohua , Lu Yifei , Huang Shurun , Yuan Zhiqiang , Luo Gaoxing , Xu Yong , Qian Wei
Published: November 2022

Hydrogels are promising and widely utilized in the biomedical field. In recent years, the anti‐inflammatory function of hydrogel dressings has been significantly improved, addressing many clinical challenges presented in ongoing endeavours to promote wound healing. Wound healing is a cascaded and highly complex process, especially in chronic wounds, such as diabetic and severe burn wounds, in which adverse endogenous or exogenous factors can interfere with inflammatory regulation, leading to the disruption of the healing process. Although insufficient wound inflammation is uncommon, excessive inflammatory infiltration is an almost universal feature of chronic wounds, which impedes a histological repair of the wound in a predictable biological step and chronological order. Therefore, resolving excessive inflammation in wound healing is essential. In the past 5 years, extensive research has been conducted on hydrogel dressings to address excessive inflammation in wound healing, specifically by efficiently scavenging excessive free radicals, sequestering chemokines and promoting M1‐to‐M2 polarization of macrophages, thereby regulating inflammation and promoting wound healing. In this study, we introduced novel anti‐inflammatory hydrogel dressings and demonstrated innovative methods for their preparation and application to achieve enhanced healing. In addition, we summarize the most important properties required for wound healing and discuss our analysis of potential challenges yet to be addressed.
A case of gastric antral vascular ectasia in which PuraStat, a novel self‐assembling peptide hemostatic hydrogel, was effective
Authors: Misumi Yoshitsugu , Takeuchi Miharu , Kishino Maiko , Kudo Yoshimichi , Nonaka Kouichi
Published: November 2022

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a gastric hemorrhagic disease associated with chronic liver disease. Argon plasma coagulation is widely used to control gastrointestinal bleeding due to GAVE. Although argon plasma coagulation is a relatively safe endoscopic procedure, it is not suitable in some cases, such as in patients with pacemakers. We report a case of GAVE in which PuraStat, a novel self‐assembling peptide hemostatic hydrogel, was effective. The patient was a 55‐year‐old man who had undergone Fontan surgery for tricuspid regurgitation more than 20 years prior. He developed hepatic cirrhosis as a complication following Fontan surgery. During upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to examine the cause of the progression of anemia and black stool, bleeding from GAVE was observed; PuraStat was applied to stop the bleeding. Postoperatively, the black stool disappeared, and his hemoglobin levels improved. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed 13 days after the surgery; the density of the capillaries in the antrum was significantly decreased, and a clear trend toward disappearance was observed. Therefore, the application of PuraStat may be useful in the treatment of GAVE.
Incorporation of doxylamine and N‐doxylamine‐oxide in human hair and the impact of a permanent oxidative hair dye
Authors: Ramirez Fernandez Maria del Mar , Wille Sarah M. R. , Samyn Nele
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of the drug incorporation in hair and impact of cosmetic treatments remains essential to correctly interpret forensic cases. The study shows the analysis of doxylamine and doxylamine‐N‐oxide and the evaluation of the relationship between dose and hair concentration and the impact of hair treatment (oxidative dying). The study included (A) three subjects participated to the study: a regular user (Subject 1) and two single‐dose users (Subject 2, 1 single dose; and Subject 3, 2 single doses spaced 5 months apart). Subject 3 applied a permanent oxidative hair dying monthly. (B) A permanent oxidative hair dying was applied twice to the hair collected from Subject 2. (A) The average concentrations in head hair for doxylamine and its N‐doxylamine‐oxide, respectively, were as follows: Subject 1, 1825 pg/mg and 16 pg/mg; Subject 2, 182 and <limit of quantification (LOQ); and Subject 3, Strand 1 (1 month after last single dose]; 1st cm: 367 pg/mg and 22 pg/mg; 2nd cm: 664 pg/mg and 37 pg/mg; 3rd cm 108 pg/mg and 13 pg/mg; 4th cm 13 pg/mg and 7 pg/mg); Strand 2 (5 months after last single dose: <LOQ). (B) The oxidative hair dying increased the concentration of the metabolite from undetected <LOQ up to 79 pg/mg (n = 3, RSD 6%). The concentration of the parent drug decreased from 128 pg/mg to 40 pg/mg (n = 3, RSD 4%). This is the first time the incorporation of doxylamine and its metabolite was evaluated with adequate and controlled information concerning dose and timing of ingestion for the evaluation of their incorporation and the impact of a cosmetic treatment.
Detection of the growth hormone secretagogue MK‐0677 in equine hair following oral administration
Authors: Viljanto Marjaana , Cutler Charlotte , Taylor Polly , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Gray Bob
Published: November 2022

MK‐0677 (ibutamoren) is an orally active non‐peptide growth hormone secretagogue that binds to the ghrelin receptor stimulating the secretion of endogenous growth hormone. It is one of the most prevalent performance‐enhancing compounds currently available online and is potentially subject to abuse both in human and equine sports. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether it could be detected in equine hair following oral administration of MK‐0677 mesylate to a Thoroughbred racehorse. MK‐0677 and its O‐dealkylated metabolite were extracted using an existing method for prohibited substances in equine hair and analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. This enabled the detection of MK‐0677 in all hair samples collected, up to 209 days in mane and 358 days in tail. A follow‐up methodology with an extensive wash procedure was carried out for selected hair samples, which unambiguously verified the presence of MK‐0677. Wash criteria to differentiate between internal incorporation (via bloodstream) and external deposition (via sweat and sebum) was also assessed and indicated internal incorporation for the samples collected at later time points (≥52 days) and a combination of internal incorporation and external deposition for hair samples collected at the earlier time point (2 days).
Flyway‐scale GPS tracking reveals migratory routes and key stopover and non‐breeding locations of lesser yellowlegs
Authors: McDuffie Laura A. , Christie Katherine S. , Taylor Audrey R. , Nol Erica , Friis Christian , Harwood Christopher M. , Rausch Jennie , Laliberte Benoit , Gesmundo Callie , Wright James R. , Johnson James A.
Published: November 2022

Many populations of long‐distance migrant shorebirds are declining rapidly. Since the 1970s, the lesser yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) has experienced a pronounced reduction in abundance of ~63%. The potential causes of the species' decline are complex and interrelated. Understanding the timing of migration, seasonal routes, and important stopover and non‐breeding locations used by this species will aid in directing conservation planning to address potential threats. During 2018–2022, we tracked 118 adult lesser yellowlegs using GPS satellite tags deployed on birds from five breeding and two migratory stopover locations spanning the boreal forest of North America from Alaska to Eastern Canada. Our objectives were to identify migratory routes, quantify migratory connectivity, and describe key stopover and non‐breeding locations. We also evaluated predictors of southbound migratory departure date and migration distance. Individuals tagged in Alaska and Central Canada followed similar southbound migratory routes, stopping to refuel in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, whereas birds tagged in Eastern Canada completed multi‐day transoceanic flights covering distances of >4000 km across the Atlantic between North and South America. Upon reaching their non‐breeding locations, lesser yellowlegs populations overlapped, resulting in weak migratory connectivity. Sex and population origin were significantly associated with the timing of migratory departure from breeding locations, and body mass at the time of GPS‐tag deployment was the best predictor of southbound migratory distance. Our findings suggest that lesser yellowlegs travel long distances and traverse numerous political boundaries each year, and breeding location likely has the greatest influence on migratory routes and therefore the threats birds experience during migration. Further, the species' dependence on wetlands in agricultural landscapes during migration and the non‐breeding period may make them vulnerable to threats related to agricultural practices, such as pesticide exposure.
Iodine‐Mediated Three‐Component Strategy to Synthesize 2‐Aminothiazoles from β‐Diketones/β‐ketoesters, Arylamines and Ammonium Thiocyanate
Authors: Philips Abigail , Arumugam Ajithkumar , Eswaramoorthy Yuvaprabhu , Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Senadi Gopal Chandru
Published: November 2022

A one‐pot, three‐component protocol for the synthesis of 2‐aminothiazoles promoted by iodine from readily available starting materials such as β‐diketones/β‐ketoesters, arylamines, and NH4SCN has been developed. A wide range of arylamines was tolerated well to produce the expected polysubstituted 2‐aminothiazoles in moderate to good yields. The characteristic features of this methodology include operational ease, metal‐free reaction conditions, gram‐scale scalability, functional group tolerance, and short reaction times.
Regenerability of fly‐ash derived zeoliteNaP1: Evaluation via copper recovery
Authors: Ankrah Archibald Frank , Tokay Begum , Snape Colin E.
Published: November 2022

Effective regeneration of adsorbents is considered as one of the essential qualities for commercial use. However, most of the studies have only reported the adsorption properties and overlooked the reuse of adsorbents. In this study, we determined the regenerability and reusability of fly‐ash derived zeolite (FADZ) NaP1. These adsorbents have become popular to remove pollutants from water, including toxic metals, since they are less expensive, compared to their counterparts, and can be synthesized from a waste product. We evaluated the efficiency of copper (Cu2+) ions recovery from water using multiple regeneration solutions due to medium adsorption selectivity towards Cu2+. We determined the time required for the regeneration using acid, base, and salt solutions. The suitable pH and solution while maintaining the structure of the zeolite were studied. Up to 90% recovery was achieved via three successive regenerations, each taking 3 h using 3 M KCl and 3 M NaCl solutions. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence showed changes in structure after regeneration at pH < 5 and contact time <6 h. The desorption kinetics using KCl solutions can be described by pseudo‐second order model. Freundlich model represents the desorption of Cu2+ions better than the Langmuir model due to regression coefficient (R2) values in the range of 0.998–1.0. Results suggest a strong ion exchange mechanism as the main driving force for desorption. The type of anions (such as Cl−and OH−) in solution influences regeneration in addition to the exchanging cation.
Fabrication of graphdiyne and its analogues for photocatalytic application
Authors: Liang Shujie , Deng Hong , Zhou Zhi , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: November 2022

Graphdiyne (GDY), an emerging two‐dimensional all‐carbon allotrope, features the coexistence of sp and sp2 hybridized planar carbon atoms. GDY and GDY‐based materials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties, such as well‐defined molecular skeleton, π‐conjugated structure, high specific surface area with porosity, and good electrical conductivity, which have aroused widespread interest in various disciplines. As an emerging field, in this work, we summarize important synthesis strategies of GDY and GDY‐based materials including classical synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, explosion approach, and interface‐assisted methods. We also elaborate the recent modifications to regulate the structure and properties of GDY from the viewpoint of metal doping, non‐metal doping, and heterostructure construction. Meanwhile, recent achievements and progress in the development of energy and environmental applications in photocatalysis are highlighted. Lastly, the challenges and potential developments of GDY in the catalytic research are given at the end of this article.

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The outcome of early life status epilepticus—lessons from laboratory animals
Authors: Kubová Hana , Mikulecká Anna , Mareš Pavel
Published: November 2022

Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurologic emergency in children. Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that SE in early life can cause brain damage and permanent behavioral abnormalities, trigger epileptogenesis, and interfere with normal brain development. In experimental rodent models, the consequences of seizures are dependent upon age, the model used, and seizure duration. In studies involving neonatal and infantile animals, the model used, experimental design, conditions during the experiment, and manipulation of animals can significantly affect the course of the experiments as well as the results obtained. Standardization of laboratory approaches, harmonization of scientific methodology, and improvement in data collection can improve the comparability of data among laboratories.
Post‐earthquake estimates of different ground motion intensity measures for the 2012 Emilia earthquake
Authors: Buratti Nicola , Simoni Elena , Mazzotti Claudio
Published: November 2022

Estimates of the earthquake ground motion intensity over a geographical area have multiple uses, that is, emergency management, civil protection and seismic fragility assessment. In particular, with reference to fragility assessment, it is of interest to have estimates of the values of different ground‐motion intensity measures in order to correlate them with the observed damage. To this purpose, the present paper uses a procedure recently proposed in the literature to estimate the ground‐motion intensity for the 2012 Emilia mainshocks, considering different ground motion intensity measures and directionality effects. Ground motion prediction equations based on different site effect models, and spatial correlation models are calibrated for the Emilia earthquakes. The paper discusses the accuracy of the shakemaps obtained using the different soil effect models considered and presents the obtained shakemaps as supplementary material. The procedure presented in the paper is aimed at providing ground motion intensity values for seismic fragility assessment and is not intended as a tool to estimate shakemaps for rapid emergency assessment.
Detection of infill wall damage due to earthquakes from vibration data
Authors: Nicoletti Vanni , Arezzo Davide , Carbonari Sandro , Gara Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

Vibration‐based methodologies are nowadays gaining increasing application for the structural health monitoring and damage detection on buildings, especially damage due to earthquakes. A fast and efficient damage recognition on structural and non‐structural components can support the decision‐making process after exceptional events and may contribute to reduce troubles due to the inoccupancy of buildings.

The paper offers insights on the usefulness of vibration data for the damage detection in infilled frame structures starting from the tracking of the stiffness and modal properties of an infilled laboratory steel‐concrete composite mock‐up subjected to vibration‐based tests. The mock‐up has been object of an extensive experimental campaign that involved both quasi‐static cyclic and dynamic tests characterized by different level of excitation provided to the structure. Cyclic load tests are performed to simulate the effects of earthquakes by progressively increasing the imposed displacement to the cracking and then to the failure of infills. The dynamic tests are executed at the various steps to capture the effects of the infill damage on the global dynamic response triggered by excitations of different amplitudes. Results of dynamic and quasi‐static tests are used to correlate the infill damage with the mechanical properties and the modal parameters of the mock‐up, as well as with the vibration amplitude, providing information about the damage expected during low and moderate seismic events as a function of the registered dynamic response of the building by structural health monitoring systems.
Reference class selection in similarity‐based forecasting of corporate sales growth
Authors: Theising Etienne , Wied Dominik , Ziggel Daniel
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a general method to handle forecasts exposed to behavioral bias by finding appropriate outside views, in our case corporate sales forecasts of analysts. The idea is to find reference classes, that is, peer groups, for each analyzed company separately that share similarities to the firm of interest with respect to a specific predictor. The classes are regarded to be optimal if the forecasted sales distributions match the actual distributions as closely as possible. The forecast quality is measured by applying goodness‐of‐fit tests on the estimated probability integral transformations and by comparing the predicted quantiles. The method is out‐of‐sample backtested on a data set consisting of 21,808 US firms over the time period 1950–2019, which is also descriptively analyzed. It appears that, in particular, the past operating margins are good predictors for the distribution of future sales. A case study compares the outside view of our distributional forecasts with actual analysts' forecasts and emphasizes the relevance of our approach in practice.
Which factors drive Bitcoin volatility: Macroeconomic, technical, or both?
Authors: Wang Jiqian , Ma Feng , Bouri Elie , Guo Yangli
Published: November 2022

Academic research relies heavily on exogenous drivers to improve the forecasting accuracy of Bitcoin volatility. The present study provides additional insight into the role of both macroeconomic and technical indicators in forecasting the realized volatility of Bitcoin. Using 17 famous macroeconomic variables and 18 technical indicators between December 2011 and April 2021, the results reveal that the shrinkage methods, including elastic net and LASSO, can powerfully extract predictive information from macroeconomic and technical indicators. We further investigate the forecasting power of macroeconomic factors and technical indicators in terms of variable selection, business cycle, and volatility levels, and the results show strong evidence that the macroeconomic indicators (namely, S&P 500 realized volatility, global real economic activity index, and trade‐weighted USD index return) are the most frequently selected by shrinkage method, suggesting that their ability to forecast Bitcoin volatility is stronger than that of technical indicators. However, technical indicators are more powerful in forecasting Bitcoin volatility during the low volatility state.
Interpreting the prediction results of the tree‐based gradient boosting models for financial distress prediction with an explainable machine learning approach
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Li Chengzhang , Ouyang Peng , Liu Jiajia , Wu Chong
Published: November 2022

Financial distress prediction is a major issue in the burgeoning fintech field. Given the importance of the reliability of the prediction results, there is an urgent need for the explanatory ability of the financial distress prediction model. From the modeling and explanation point of view, this study employs four prevailing tree‐based gradient boosting models, namely, gradient boosting decision tree, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and categorical boosting, to build financial distress prediction models by using financial data of listed companies in China from 1998 to 2014 and five different prediction time spans. We observe that tree‐based gradient boosting models have better prediction performance than other prediction models. To explore the reasons for the prediction results, we deploy TreeSHAP. Then, we use Shapley regression to examine the statistically significant relationships between financial indicators and financial distress. We discover that financial indicators, such as net asset value per share and ratio of operating profits to current liabilities, are significantly related to financial distress. There is usually a nonlinear relationship between the financial predictors and prediction target. Thus, this study provides an effective method for financial distress prediction and an explanation of the results for listed companies in China.
Indirect Mechanisms of Transcription Factor‐Mediated Gene Regulation during Cell Fate Changes
Authors: Larcombe Michael R. , Hsu Sheng , Polo Jose M. , Knaupp Anja S.
Published: November 2022

Transcription factors (TFs) are the master regulators of cellular identity, capable of driving cell fate transitions including differentiations, reprogramming, and transdifferentiations. Pioneer TFs recognize partial motifs exposed on nucleosomal DNA, allowing for TF‐mediated activation of repressed chromatin. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that certain TFs can repress actively expressed genes either directly through interactions with accessible regulatory elements or indirectly through mechanisms that impact the expression, activity, or localization of other regulatory factors. Recent evidence suggests that during reprogramming, the reprogramming TFs initiate opening of chromatin regions rich in somatic TF motifs that are inaccessible in the initial and final cellular states. It is postulated that analogous to a sponge, these transiently accessible regions “soak up” somatic TFs, hence lowering the initial barriers to cell fate changes. This indirect TF‐mediated gene regulation event, which is aptly named the “sponge effect,” may play an essential role in the silencing of the somatic transcriptional network during different cellular conversions.
Focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy links pathological myelin outfoldings to axonal changes in mice lacking Plp1 or Mag
Authors: Steyer Anna M. , Buscham Tobias J. , Lorenz Charlotta , Hümmert Sophie , Eichel‐Vogel Maria A. , Schadt Leonie C. , Edgar Julia M. , Köster Sarah , Möbius Wiebke , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Werner Hauke B.
Published: November 2022

Healthy myelin sheaths consist of multiple compacted membrane layers closely encasing the underlying axon. The ultrastructure of CNS myelin requires specialized structural myelin proteins, including the transmembrane‐tetraspan proteolipid protein (PLP) and the Ig‐CAM myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG). To better understand their functional relevance, we asked to what extent the axon/myelin‐units display similar morphological changes if PLP or MAG are lacking. We thus used focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) to re‐investigate axon/myelin‐units side‐by‐side in Plp‐ and Mag‐null mutant mice. By three‐dimensional reconstruction and morphometric analyses, pathological myelin outfoldings extend up to 10 μm longitudinally along myelinated axons in both models. More than half of all assessed outfoldings emerge from internodal myelin. Unexpectedly, three‐dimensional reconstructions demonstrated that both models displayed complex axonal pathology underneath the myelin outfoldings, including axonal sprouting. Axonal anastomosing was additionally observed in Plp‐null mutant mice. Importantly, normal‐appearing axon/myelin‐units displayed significantly increased axonal diameters in both models according to quantitative assessment of electron micrographs. These results imply that healthy CNS myelin sheaths facilitate normal axonal diameters and shape, a function that is impaired when structural myelin proteins PLP or MAG are lacking.
Microglia and astrocyte activation is region‐dependent in the α‐synuclein mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Basurco Leyre , Abellanas Miguel Angel , Ayerra Leyre , Conde Enrique , Vinueza‐Gavilanes Rodrigo , Luquin Esther , Vales Africa , Vilas Amaya , Martin‐Uriz Patxi San , Tamayo Ibon , Alonso Marta M. , Hernaez Mikel , Gonzalez‐Aseguinolaza Gloria , Clavero Pedro , Mengual Elisa , Arrasate Montserrat , Hervás‐Stubbs Sandra , Aymerich Maria S.
Published: November 2022

Inflammation is a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases that contributes to neuronal loss. Previously, we demonstrated that the basal inflammatory tone differed between brain regions and, consequently, the reaction generated to a pro‐inflammatory stimulus was different. In this study, we assessed the innate immune reaction in the midbrain and in the striatum using an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. An adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 expressing the α‐synuclein and mCherry genes or the mCherry gene was administered into the substantia nigra. Myeloid cells (CD11b+) and astrocytes (ACSA2+) were purified from the midbrain and striatum for bulk RNA sequencing. In the parkinsonian midbrain, CD11b+ cells presented a unique anti‐inflammatory transcriptomic profile that differed from degenerative microglia signatures described in experimental models for other neurodegenerative conditions. By contrast, striatal CD11b+ cells showed a pro‐inflammatory state and were similar to disease‐associated microglia. In the midbrain, a prominent increase of infiltrated monocytes/macrophages was observed and, together with microglia, participated actively in the phagocytosis of dopaminergic neuronal bodies. Although striatal microglia presented a phagocytic transcriptomic profile, morphology and cell density was preserved and no active phagocytosis was detected. Interestingly, astrocytes presented a pro‐inflammatory fingerprint in the midbrain and a low number of differentially displayed transcripts in the striatum. During α‐synuclein‐dependent degeneration, microglia and astrocytes experience context‐dependent activation states with a different contribution to the inflammatory reaction. Our results point towards the relevance of selecting appropriate cell targets to design neuroprotective strategies aimed to modulate the innate immune system during the active phase of dopaminergic degeneration.
Ossa cordis and os aorta in the one‐humped camel: Computed tomography, light microscopy and morphometric analysis
Authors: El‐Gendy Samir A.A. , Alsafy Mohamed A.M. , Rutland Catrin S. , Ez Elarab Samar M. , Abd‐Elhafeez Hanan H. , Kamal Basma M.
Published: November 2022

The present study describes the morphological characteristics of the camel heart Ossa cordis, and os aorta using computed tomography soft tissue window (CT) alongside 3D render volume reconstructions and light microscopy. The current study techniques demonstrated the Ossa cordis and os aorta in the cardiac window with more precision than the black and white (ghost), and angiography images. Transverse and sagittal CT images additionally demonstrated the presence of Ossa cordis and os aorta. This study is the first to record two small Ossa cordis sinistrum and one os aorta in the camel heart, in addition to the more commonly observed singular, large, os cordis dextrum. The os cordis dextrum was always located in the upper part of the interventricular septum, near to its junction with the atrium, forming an elongated rectangular shape when observed transversally. The wider cranial part was composed from bone, whereas the caudal aspect was narrow and contained both bone and cartilage. Light microscopy identified that the os cordis dextrum consisted of trabecular bone, marrow spaces, and hyaline cartilage. Two Ossa cordis sinistrum were detected on the left side of the heart, one in the right fibrous ring and another in the interventricular septum, microscopy showed that both contained only trabecular bone with osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. At the level of ascending aorta, there was also trabecular bone containing osteocytes, an os aorta.