bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Science shines in a new virtual SY-Stem
Authors: Buecker Christa , Merkle Florian T.
Published: July 2021

The third ‘Symposium for the Next Generation of Stem Cell Research’ (SY-Stem) was held virtually on 3-5 March 2021, having been cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As in previous years, the meeting highlighted the work of early career researchers, ranging from postgraduate students to young group leaders working in developmental and stem cell biology. Here, we summarize the excellent work presented at the Symposium, which covered topics ranging from pluripotency, species-specific aspects of development and emerging technologies, through to organoids, single-cell technology and clinical applications.
The BMP antagonist gremlin 1 contributes to the development of cortical excitatory neurons, motor balance and fear responses
Authors: Ichinose Mari , Suzuki Nobumi , Wang Tongtong , Kobayashi Hiroki , Vrbanac Laura , Ng Jia Q. , Wright Josephine A. , Lannagan Tamsin R. M. , Gieniec Krystyna A. , Lewis Martin , Ando Ryota , Enomoto Atsushi , Koblar Simon , Thomas Paul , Worthley Daniel L. , Woods Susan L.
Published: July 2021

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is required for early forebrain development and cortical formation. How the endogenous modulators of BMP signaling regulate the structural and functional maturation of the developing brain remains unclear. Here, we show that expression of the BMP antagonist Grem1 marks committed layer V and VI glutamatergic neurons in the embryonic mouse brain. Lineage tracing of Grem1-expressing cells in the embryonic brain was examined by administration of tamoxifen to pregnant Grem1creERT; Rosa26LSLTdtomato mice at 13.5 days post coitum (dpc), followed by collection of embryos later in gestation. In addition, at 14.5 dpc, bulk mRNA-seq analysis of differentially expressed transcripts between FACS-sorted Grem1-positive and -negative cells was performed. We also generated Emx1-cre-mediated Grem1 conditional knockout mice (Emx1-Cre;Grem1flox/flox) in which the Grem1 gene was deleted specifically in the dorsal telencephalon. Grem1Emx1cKO animals had reduced cortical thickness, especially layers V and VI, and impaired motor balance and fear sensitivity compared with littermate controls. This study has revealed new roles for Grem1 in the structural and functional maturation of the developing cortex.
The effects of triceps surae muscle stimulation on localized Achilles subtendon tissue displacements
Authors: Lehr Nathan L. , Clark William H. , Lewek Michael D. , Franz Jason R.
Published: July 2021

The triceps surae muscle–tendon unit is composed of the lateral and medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscles and three in-series elastic ‘subtendons’ that form the Achilles tendon. Comparative literature and our own in vivo evidence suggest that sliding between adjacent subtendons may facilitate independent muscle actuation. We aim to more clearly define the relationship between individual muscle activation and subtendon tissue displacements. Here, during fixed-end contractions, electrical muscle stimulation controlled the magnitude of force transmitted via individual triceps surae muscles while ultrasound imaging recorded resultant subtendon tissue displacements. We hypothesized that MG and SOL stimulation would elicit larger displacements in their associated subtendon. Ten young adults completed four experimental activations at three ankle angles (−20, 0 and 20 deg) with the knee flexed to approximately 20 deg: MG stimulation (STIMMG), SOL stimulation (STIMSOL), combined stimulation, and volitional contraction. At 20 deg plantarflexion, STIMSOL elicited 49% larger tendon non-uniformity (SOL–MG subtendon tissue displacement) than that of STIMMG (P=0.004). For STIMSOL, a one-way post hoc ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of ankle angle (P=0.009) on Achilles tendon non-uniformity. However, peak tendon non-uniformity decreased by an average of 61% from plantarflexion to dorsiflexion, likely due to an increase in passive tension. Our results suggest that localized tissue displacements within the Achilles tendon respond in anatomically consistent ways to differential patterns of triceps surae muscle activation, but these relations are highly susceptible to ankle angle. This in vivo evidence points to at least some mechanical independence in actuation between the human triceps surae muscle–subtendon units.
A piRNA-lncRNA regulatory network initiates responder and trailer piRNA formation during mosquito embryonic development
Authors: Betting Valerie , Joosten Joep , Halbach Rebecca , Thaler Melissa , Miesen Pascal , Van Rij Ronald P.
Published: July 2021

PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs are small silencing RNAs that are crucial for the defense against transposable elements in germline tissues of animals. In Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the piRNA pathway also contributes to gene regulation in somatic tissues, illustrating additional roles for piRNAs and PIWI proteins besides transposon repression. Here, we identify a highly abundant endogenous piRNA (propiR1) that associates with both Piwi4 and Piwi5. PropiR1-mediated target silencing requires base-pairing in the seed region with supplemental base-pairing at the piRNA 3′ end. Yet, propiR1 represses a limited set of targets, among which is the lncRNA AAEL027353 (lnc027353). Slicing of lnc027353 initiates production of responder and trailer piRNAs from the cleavage fragment. Expression of propiR1 commences early during embryonic development and mediates degradation of maternally provided lnc027353. Both propiR1 and its lncRNA target are conserved in the closely related Aedes albopictus mosquito, underscoring the importance of this regulatory network for mosquito development.
A Idade Média foi instaurada no Brasil?
Authors: Soczek Mendes Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Entrevista realizada, no dia 08 de setembro de 2019, com a medievalista, Profa. Dra. Marcella Lopes Guimarães, do Departamento de História e do Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foram abordados temas que interessam à pesquisa da professora e a apropriação inadequada do termo “Idade Média” para a definição de retrocessos. Gentilmente, a Professora nos respondeu sobre as temáticas do Brasil contemporâneo e acerca do papel do investigador medievalista em nosso país.
Family matters: family and business
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: July 2021

It is said that you can choose your friends, but not your family. However, what happens if you choose to run a business with your family? Can a way to commercial harmony be found? Adam Bernstein investigates.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Malaysia Haruan (Channa striatus)and Toman (Channa micropeltes) Fish Oil: Preliminary Quality Analysis Prior to Therapeutic Consumption
Authors: Zubairi Saiful Irwan , Shy-Yi Winnie Ngui , Kasim Zalifah Mohd , Nurzahim Zainun
Published: July 2021

The local Channa species used in this research were Channa striatus (haruan) and Channa micropeltes (toman). Both samples were extracted using soxhlet extraction to procure the fish oil and then examined on its physico-chemical properties. The C. micropeltes species shows the highest yield of extracted fish oil (%, w/w) with dry weight basis (9.51 ± 1.20%). The physico-chemical results of the fish oil from haruan and toman were as follows respectively; colour: yellowish dark red for both species, specific gravity: 0.93 ± 0.10, 0.91 ± 0.03; AV: 21.78 ± 2.30 mg KOH/g, 5.55 ± 1.64 mg KOH/g; FFA: 10.95 ± 1.16%, 2.79 ± 0.83% and PV: 18.00 ± 6.56. meq./kg, 14.67 ± 3.79 meq./kg. Both fish oils showed a relatively comparable fatty acid profile. The availability of seven major enriched fatty acid constituents in both fish oils namely dodecanoic acid, 9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid andaninfinitesimal amount of arachidonic acid (the main precursor for wound healing process) may perhaps berequisite for therapeutic consumption.
Fishing with Scissors: A Mnemonic for Thermodynamic Formula
Authors: Bhagavanbhai Gami Girishkumar , Bravo-Suárez Juan J. , Kumar Rawesh
Published: July 2021

Most of the branches of engineering and basic science require,to a different extent,the use of basic thermodynamic formulas relating state variables (temperature, T; pressure, P; volume, V; entropy, S) and thermodynamic potentials (internal energy, U; Helmholtz free energy, A; enthalpy, H; Gibbs free energy, G). The different interrelations among variables, their constrains, and dependencies make them particularly difficult to remember and understand. For students learning and for chemists and engineers needing to rapidly recall these thermodynamic relationships for problem solving and practical applications, a quick method to easily remember them would be most welcome. Herein, Fishing with scissors mnemonic is presented. The mnemonic is seen as Sun with rays. Thermodynamic potential terms (A, G, H, U) as alphabetic doubles are aligned in sun rays regions where as state variables (T, P, S, V) are at sun body. Following a simple set of rules in this mnemonic, a large range of thermodynamic equations can be easily recalled without direction or sign difficulties present in previously reported methods.
One-stage exchange should be avoided in periprosthetic joint infection cases with massive femoral bone loss or with history of any failed revision to treat periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Slullitel Pablo A. , Oñativia José I. , Zanotti Gerardo , Comba Fernando , Piccaluga Francisco , Buttaro Martin A.
Published: July 2021

Aims

There is a paucity of long-term studies analyzing risk factors for failure after single-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total hip arthroplasty (THA). We report the mid- to long-term septic and non-septic failure rate of single-stage revision for PJI after THA.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 88 cases which met the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria for PJI. Mean follow-up was seven years (1 to 14). Septic failure was diagnosed with a Delphi-based consensus definition. Any reoperation for mechanical causes in the absence of evidence of infection was considered as non-septic failure. A competing risk regression model was used to evaluate factors associated with septic and non-septic failures. A Kaplan-Meier estimate was used to analyze mortality.

Results

The cumulative incidence of septic failure was 8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5 to 15) at one year, 13.8% (95% CI 7.6 to 22) at two years, and 19.7% (95% CI 12 to 28.6) at five and ten years of follow-up. A femoral bone defect worse than Paprosky IIIA (hazard ratio (HR) 13.58 (95% CI 4.86 to 37.93); p < 0.001) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; HR 3.88 (95% CI 1.49 to 10.09); p = 0.005) were significantly associated with septic failure. Instability and periprosthetic fracture were the most common reasons for mechanical failure (5.7% and 4.5%, respectively). The cumulative incidence of aseptic failure was 2% (95% CI 0.4 to 7) at two years, 9% (95% CI 4 to 17) at five years, and 12% (95% CI 5 to 22) at ten years. A previous revision to treat PJI was significantly associated with non-septic failure (HR 9.93 (95% CI 1.77 to 55.46); p = 0.009). At the five-year timepoint, 93% of the patients were alive (95% CI 84% to 96%), which fell to 86% (95% CI 75% to 92%) at ten-year follow-up.

Conclusion

Massive femoral bone loss was associated with greater chances of developing a further septic failure. All septic failures occurred within the first five years following the one-stage exchange. Surgeons should be aware of instability and periprosthetic fracture being potential causes of further aseptic revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1247–1253.
Cemented femoral stem fixation through the anterior approach has fewer early complications than cementless fixation
Authors: Ennin Kwame A. , Elsharkawy Karim A. , Dasgupta Shuvalaxmi , Emerson Roger H.
Published: July 2021

Aims

To achieve the functional benefits of the direct anterior (DA) approach and the fixation benefits of cemented replacement, this study combined the two techniques posing the following questions: does the limited access of the DA approach adversely affect the cement technique?; and does such a cementing technique reduce the incidence of cementless complications?

Methods

A consecutive series of 341 patients (360 hips) receiving the DA approach between 2016 and 2018 were reviewed. There were 203 cementless stems and 157 cemented stems. Mean age was 75 years (70 to 86) in the cementless group and 76 years (52 to 94) in the cemented group, with 239 (70%) females in the whole series. Femoral complications were compared between the two groups. Mean follow-up was 1.5 years (0.1 to 4.4) for patients in the cementless group and 1.3 years (0.0 to 3.9) for patients in the cemented group.

Results

The cementless group had a higher rate of femoral complications (8 vs 0; p = 0.011). There were two loose stems and six fractures, all requiring revision. Fractures occurred a mean 14.5 days (2 to 31) postoperatively and loosening at 189 days and 422 days postoperatively. Femoral cementing can be done using the DA approach safely and reduces the number of complications compared with a contemporary cementless series.

Conclusion

A higher rate of early fractures and loosening occurred with cementless stems. This was not observed in our cemented stem cohort and cementing was safely accomplished through the DA approach. The modern femoral cementing process with the DA approach does not add to surgical complexity or time, has fewer early complications, and is a safer option for older patients compared to cementless femoral arthroplasties. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):33–37.
Outcomes of operatively treated interprosthetic femoral fractures
Authors: Tibbo Meagan E. , Limberg Afton K. , Gausden Elizabeth B. , Huang Phil , Perry Kevin I. , Yuan Brandon J. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: July 2021

Aims

The prevalence of ipsilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rising in concert with life expectancy, putting more patients at risk for interprosthetic femur fractures (IPFFs). Our study aimed to assess treatment methodologies, implant survivorship, and IPFF clinical outcomes.

Methods

A total of 76 patients treated for an IPFF from February 1985 to April 2018 were reviewed. Prior to fracture, at the hip/knee sites respectively, 46 femora had primary/primary, 21 had revision/primary, three had primary/revision, and six had revision/revision components. Mean age and BMI were 74 years (33 to 99) and 30 kg/m2(21 to 46), respectively. Mean follow-up after fracture treatment was seven years (2 to 24).

Results

Overall, 59 fractures were classified as Vancouver C (Unified Classification System (UCS) D), 17 were Vancouver B (UCS B). In total, 57 patients (75%) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); three developed nonunion, three developed periprosthetic joint infection, and two developed aseptic loosening. In all, 18 patients (24%) underwent revision arthroplasty including 13 revision THAs, four distal femoral arthroplasties (DFAs), and one revision TKA: of these, one patient developed aseptic loosening and two developed nonunion. Survivorship free from any reoperation was 82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.9% to 90.6%) and 77% (95% CI 49.4% to 90.7%) in the ORIF and revision groups at two years, respectively. ORIF patients who went on to union tended to have stemmed knee components and greater mean interprosthetic distance (IPD = 189 mm (SD 73.6) vs 163 mm (SD 36.7); p = 0.546) than nonunited fractures. Patients who went on to nonunion in the revision arthroplasty group had higher medullary diameter: cortical width ratio (2.5 (SD 1.7) vs 1.3 (SD 0.3); p = 0.008) and lower IPD (36 mm (SD 30.6) vs 214 mm (SD 32.1); p < 0.001). At latest follow-up, 95% of patients (n = 72) were ambulatory.

Conclusion

Interprosthetic femur fractures are technically and biologically challenging cases. Individualized approaches to internal fixation versus revision arthroplasty led to an 81% (95% CI 68.3% to 88.6%) survivorship free from reoperation at two years with 95% of patients ambulatory. Continued improvements in management are warranted. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):122–128.
Half-life of surgical truth in general surgery
Authors: James OP , Smith L , Locker D , Hopkins L , Robinson DBT , Abdelrahman T , Barry J , Codd R , Egan R , Harries R , Jayamanne H , Jones HG , Pollitt J , Powell AGMT , Stephens M , Thippeswamy KM , Williams G , Williams IM , Williamson J , Lewis WG
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Karl Popper’s hypothetico-deductive model contends that an assertion is true if it agrees with the facts, and that science progresses via paradigms held to be true until replaced by better approximations of reality. Our study aimed to estimate the half-life of surgical dogma.

Methods

The first 15 general surgery articles at 5-year intervals were extracted from the British Journal of Surgery since its inception in 1913. A statement summarising each article’s conclusion was formatted, and non-conducive articles were excluded (n=22). A total of 293 article statements were reviewed and marked as true or false by a cohort of 15 senior general surgeons, with a majority positive response denoting a true statement. Regression analysis of the relationship between perceived truth and time was performed.

Results

Median reviewer positive response rate was 49.5% (range 35.8–64.2%), with over 80% of responders in total agreement regarding 151 statements (51.5%) and deeming 137 (46.8%) currently true. Publication year correlated with percentage of true responses (rho 0.647, p=0.002). Linear modelling of true responses related to 5-year intervals (R2=0.398, p=0.002) estimated the annual rate of loss of truth to be 0.25%, equating to a half-life of 200.0 years.

Conclusions

Contrary to popular belief, it appears THAT surgical dogma does not lose its lustre for some seven generations. Regression line extrapolation is contentious but would suggest that the current era of surgical knowledge extends from 1769 – the days of John Hunter, the ‘father of modern surgery’ – to 2176, although relative rates of innovation may accelerate and move the nexus point.
Paediatric dentists’ views on the use of silver diammine fluoride: a UK perspective
Authors: Timms Laura , Graham Anna , Gallacher Nicola , Large Jessica , Simpson Sarah , Johnson Rosamund , Gallichan Nathalie , Oliver Rachel , Morgan Emma , Hardwick Constance , Gormley Alexander , Dixon Carly
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an option for biologic caries management that is not well utilised in the United Kingdom (UK). Caries in the primary dentition is common in the UK, and despite current treatment options many children require invasive treatment and multiple extractions. SDF could provide an alternative and due to their clinical expertise paediatric dentists are well placed to discuss this.

Methods

Fourteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with paediatric dentists across the UK. This was a heterogeneous sample including working across different settings, with differing levels of experience and both academic and NHS primary employment. Thematic analysis was undertaken with respondent validation.

Results

Participants felt SDF could be useful where patients have caries in their primary dentition, are asymptomatic and cannot manage other treatment options. The five themes influencing their views were child factors, parental influence, external influences, the clinician’s knowledge, experience and beliefs and the properties of SDF.

Conclusion

Paediatric dentists interviewed feel that there is a role for SDF in caries management in the UK. They believe case selection and communication with families is important.
The young oral cancer patient: observations from the Hong Kong population
Authors: Tan Allan , Wang Weilan , Choi Siu-Wai , Thomson Peter
Published: July 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal and deforming disease of rising global significance. Although traditionally presenting in older patients, evidence suggests that OSCC is increasingly seen in the young (≤45 years at diagnosis), who are believed to exhibit aggressive disease and poor prognosis. By reviewing a cohort of 467 consecutive OSCC patients treated over a 19-year period, this study investigates the demographic profile, clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes characteristic of young OSCC patients in Hong Kong.
July 2021 Critical Care Case of the Month: When a Chronic Disease Becomes Acute
Authors:   Division of Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA, Calhoun Kara
Published: July 2021

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. History of Present Illness A 32-year-old woman with no known past medical history presented with progressive shortness of breath for 2 weeks. She denied having a cough, fever, or chills, but she did have a one-month history of fatigue, weakness, and painful rashes on her hands. PMH, SH, and FH • No known past medical history • Former tobacco user (quit 2 years prior to admission) • No drug use • Worked as an office assistant • Has two pet dogs and four pet macaws • No family history of lung disease • Not taking any prescription medications Physical Exam • BP: 116/65, Pulse: 105, T: 37°C, RR: 28, SpO2: 89% on HHFNC (60L; 100%) • Pulmonary: Tachypneic, in respiratory distress, crackles throughout • Cardiovascular: Tachycardic but regular, no murmurs • Extremities: No edema • Skin: Palms with purplish discoloration and erythematous papules Which of the following should be done next? 1. CT Chest 2. COVID-19 testing 3. Sputum gram stain and …
Reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of the World Health Organization quality of life-old (WHOQOL-OLD): a Rasch modeling
Authors: Gondodiputro Sharon , Wiwaha Guswan , Lionthina Melly , Sunjaya Deni Kurniadi
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the WHOQOL-OLD instrument, specifically measuring the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly, but the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-OLD has not been available.
METHODS This study was conducted in 2 steps. First, the instrument was translated and pre-tested to 8 elderly respondents from 2 villages in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. Second, Rasch modeling was used as implemented by the Winstep version 3.73 software to analyze the reliability, validity, value of separation, Wright map analysis, item-fit order, and differential item functioning in elderly respondents (aged ≥60 years old and did not have dementia) from 6 community health centers in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia from July to December 2018.
RESULTS Overall, the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-OLD demonstrated good reliability and validity tests in 175 respondents. The overall value of the person reliability was 0.73 with the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75, and the value of the item reliability was 0.97. A misconception and bias occurred in the death and dying facet, especially in the demographic categories of age, gender, and marital status.
CONCLUSIONS The Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-OLD module has good psychometric properties to measure the QoL of the Indonesian older population. However, further studies involving various ethnicities, religious groups, and districts in Indonesia should be carried out before the module can be used throughout the country.
On Unconditional Hos(ti)pitality: Thinking-doing Strategies for Dis/Abling Arts Education
Authors: Trento Francisco B.
Published: July 2021

Hospitality and diplomacy are understood as universal hosting parameters. However, they fail to address non-neurotypical perception, jeopardising the inclusiveness of arts education environments. By bringing hospitality, inclusiveness, neurotypicality, and more-than-human wildness into conversation, I argue for developing pedagogical spaces oriented to deconstructing normalcy. This article emerges at the intersection of disability studies and neuroqueerness and it is further developed through KarenBarad’s take on non-human agency and Deleuzoguattarian schizoanalysis. Jacques Derrida conceptualises hostipitality to problematise how hospitality cannot enable radical difference. I discuss this notion in dialogue with anecdotes from The Spaze, which is a schizoanalytical experiment and a procedural architecture oriented to non- neurotypicality developed at the Senselab. There, relationality is understood as always more-than-human. In this article, I furthermore examine how diplomacy’s rhetoricexcludes non-neurotypical perception by enacting what Félix Guattari names normopathy, namely, the privileging of linguistic patterns, human-to-human relationalities, and typical socialities. By discussing non-neurotypicality, I aim to queer rhetoric in arts education, diffracting Derrida’s notion of hospitality to foreground the more-than-human relationality developed by Deleuzoguattarian and Baradian perspectives.
Análisis ético y jurídico del turismo médico en Colombia. Riesgos en la instrumentalización comunicativa
Authors: Bastidas-Goyes Luis Guillermo , Méndez-Castillo Efraín , Bonilla-Estévez Claudia Marina
Published: July 2021

En un contexto globalizado, donde el mundo convencional se expande a lo virtual, se desarrolla un análisis ético y jurídico del turismo médico en Colombia mediante la identificación de riesgos potenciales en la instrumentalización comunicativa. La oferta y demanda de cirugía estética acompañada del marketing, como un reflejo del deseo, lo bello y el maquillaje, promueven tensiones éticas latentes. La incertidumbre jurídica que gravita alrededor del flujo transfronterizo e indeterminación de los distintos sistemas jurídicos exterioriza varios frentes susceptibles de abordaje y que a su vez se erigen como desafíos. El trasfondo de las reflexiones que se divisan hace imprescindible reivindicar prerrogativas fundamentales, inherentes a los seres humanos, que parecen desvanecerse ante inserciones cada vez más frecuentes y penetrantes provenientes de realidades construidas y enraizadas en el vaivén de los precios.
Polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation imaging through a multimode fiber
Authors: Cifuentes Angel , Pikálek Tomáš , Ondráčková Petra , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo , Antonio-Lopez José Enrique , Čižmár Tomáš , Trägårdh Johanna
Published: July 2021

Multimode fiber-based endoscopes have recently emerged as a tool for
minimally invasive endoscopy in tissue, at depths well beyond the
reach of multiphoton imaging. Here, we demonstrate label-free
second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy through such a fiber
endoscope. We simultaneously fully control the excitation polarization
state and the spatial distribution of the light at the fiber tip, and
we use this to implement polarization-resolved SHG imaging, which
allows imaging and identification of structural proteins such as
collagen and myosin. We image mouse tail tendon and heart tissue,
employing the endoscope at depths up to 1 mm, demonstrating that we
can differentiate these structural proteins. This method has the
potential for enabling instant and in
situ diagnosis of tumors and fibrotic conditions in sensitive
tissue with minimal damage.
Achieving high-responsivity near-infrared detection at room temperature by nano-Schottky junction arrays via a black silicon/platinum contact approach
Authors: Hu Fei , Wu Li , Dai Xiyuan , Li Shuai , Lu Ming , Sun Jian
Published: July 2021

A room temperature sub-bandgap near-infrared (

λ
>
1100
  
nm

) Si photodetector with high responsivity is achieved. The Si photodetector features black Si made by wet etching Si (100), Si/PtSi nano-Schottky junction arrays made from black Si/Pt contacts, and chemical and field-effect passivation of black Si. Responsivities are 147.6, 292.8, and 478.2 mA/W at reverse voltages of

−
1.0
,
−
1.5

, and

−
2.0
  
V

for 1550 nm light, respectively, with corresponding specific detectivities being

9.79
×

10

8

,

1.88
×

10

9

, and

2.97
×

10

9

 
cm
·

Hz

1
/
2

/
W

. This work demonstrates a practical room temperature sub-bandgap near-infrared Si photodetector that can be made in a facile and large-scale manner.
Motional n-phonon bundle states of a trapped atom with clock transitions
Authors: Deng Yuangang , Shi Tao , Yi Su
Published: July 2021

Quantum manipulation of individual phonons could offer new resources for studying fundamental physics and creating an innovative platform in quantum information science. Here, we propose to generate quantum states of strongly correlated phonon bundles associated with the motion of a trapped atom. Our scheme operates in the atom–phonon resonance regime where the energy spectrum exhibits strong anharmonicity such that energy eigenstates with different phonon numbers can be well-resolved in the parameter space. Compared to earlier schemes operating in the far dispersive regime, the bundle states generated here contain a large steady-state phonon number. Therefore, the proposed system can be used as a high-quality multiphonon source. Our results open up the possibility of using long-lived motional phonons as quantum resources, which could provide a broad physics community for applications in quantum metrology.
Development of culturally sensitive pain neuroscience education materials for Hausa-speaking patients with chronic spinal pain: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Mukhtar Naziru Bashir , Meeus Mira , Gursen Ceren , Mohammed Jibril , Dewitte Vincent , Cagnie Barbara
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to develop culturally sensitive pain neuroscience education (PNE) materials for Hausa speaking patients with chronic spinal pain (CSP). PNE is a program of teaching patients about pain that has gained considerable attention in research and is increasingly used during physical therapy for patients with chronic pain. It helps in decreasing pain, disability, fear-avoidance, pain catastrophization, movement restriction, and health care utilization among patients with chronic pain. However, existing PNE materials and their application are limited to few languages and cultural inclinations. Due to the variations in pain perceptions, beliefs, and related outcomes among different population groups, culture-sensitive PNE materials addressing these outcomes are warranted. A focus-group discussion comprising 4 experts was used to adapt and develop preliminary PNE materials. Thereafter, an internet-based 3-round modified Delphi-study involving 22 experts ensued. Experts’ consensus/recommendations concerning the content were used in modifying the PNE materials. Consensus was predefined as ≥75% level of (dis)agreement. Eighteen experts completed the Delphi rounds. Nineteen, 18 and 18 experts participated in rounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively, representing 86%, 94% and 100% participation rate respectively. Consensus agreement was reached in every round and content of the materials, including drawings, examples, figures and metaphors were adapted following the experts’ suggestions. We therefore concluded that, culture-sensitive PNE materials for Hausa speaking patients with CSP were successfully produced. The present study also provides a direction for further research whereby the effects of culturally-sensitive PNE materials can be piloted among Hausa speaking patients with CSP.
Vehicle trajectory prediction and generation using LSTM models and GANs
Authors: Rossi Luca , Ajmar Andrea , Paolanti Marina , Pierdicca Roberto
Published: July 2021

Vehicles’ trajectory prediction is a topic with growing interest in recent years, as there are applications in several domains ranging from autonomous driving to traffic congestion prediction and urban planning. Predicting trajectories starting from Floating Car Data (FCD) is a complex task that comes with different challenges, namely Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) interaction, Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) interaction, multimodality, and generalizability. These challenges, especially, have not been completely explored by state-of-the-art works. In particular, multimodality and generalizability have been neglected the most, and this work attempts to fill this gap by proposing and defining new datasets, metrics, and methods to help understand and predict vehicle trajectories. We propose and compare Deep Learning models based on Long Short-Term Memory and Generative Adversarial Network architectures; in particular, our GAN-3 model can be used to generate multiple predictions in multimodal scenarios. These approaches are evaluated with our newly proposed error metrics N-ADE and N-FDE, which normalize some biases in the standard Average Displacement Error (ADE) and Final Displacement Error (FDE) metrics. Experiments have been conducted using newly collected datasets in four large Italian cities (Rome, Milan, Naples, and Turin), considering different trajectory lengths to analyze error growth over a larger number of time-steps. The results prove that, although LSTM-based models are superior in unimodal scenarios, generative models perform best in those where the effects of multimodality are higher. Space-time and geographical analysis are performed, to prove the suitability of the proposed methodology for real cases and management services.
The longitudinal role of early family risks and early social-emotional problems for friendship quality in preadolescence—A regression model
Authors: Gasser-Haas Olivia , Sticca Fabio , Wustmann Seiler Corina
Published: July 2021

The quality of a best friendship provides information about how developmentally beneficial it is. However, little is known about possible early risk factors that influence later friendship quality. The present study examined the role of family risks and social-emotional problems (behavioral problems, peer problems, anxious, and depressive symptoms) in early childhood for positive (i.e., support and help) and negative (i.e., conflicts and betrayal) dimensions of friendship quality with their best friend in preadolescence. 293 children (47.9% female) aged 2–4, their parents and teachers participated in the study with three measurement occasions (T1; Mage = 2.81, T2; Mage = 3.76, T3; Mage = 9.69). The last measurement occasion was at the age of 9–11 years. Results of the longitudinal regression model showed that depressive symptoms in early childhood were associated with a lower positive dimension of friendship quality in preadolescence. In contrast, early anxious symptoms were related to a higher positive dimension of friendship quality six years later. Neither family risks, nor behavioral problems and peer problems in early childhood were linked to the positive dimension of friendship quality in preadolescence. No early predictors were found for the negative dimension of friendship quality. Possible reasons for the lack of associations are discussed. Findings suggest that children with early depressive symptoms at 3–5 years of age should be the targets of potential interventions to form high quality friendships in preadolescence. Possible interventions are mentioned.
Makarenko-értelmezések Magyarországon a hosszú 1950-es években
Authors: Darvai Tibor
Published: July 2021

Az 1945 után kiépülő magyar szocialista pedagógiában és neveléstudományban a sztálinista pedagógiai mintának megfelelően erős Makarenko-kultusz bontakozott ki. A korszak Makarenko-interpretációi rendelkeztek oktatáspolitikai, tudománypolitikai és szakmai-pedagógiai olvasattal is. Ennek megfelelően az oktatáspolitikai iránya erősen befolyásolta a Makarenko-képet, legyen az sztálinista, vagy antisztálinista. Az aktuális Makarenko-kép minden esetben referált a szocialista tudománypolitika aktuális helyzetéről, különös tekintettel a pedagógia és a lélektan viszonyáról, szembenállásáról. Végül, különösen a 1940-es évek végén és az 1950-es évek elején a Makarenko-értelmezések igyekeztek szakmai-pedagógiai segítséget nyújtani a szocialista rendszerhez hű pedagógusoknak a szocialista iskola megteremtésében és fenntartásában. Az ötvenes évek eleji, sztálinista korszakbeli, Makarenko-értelmezések legfőbb jellegzetességének tekinthető, hogy csak egyetlen és kizárólagos Makarenko-értelmezés létezett. Az ötvenes évek második felében, a kiépülő Kádár-rendszerben, már nemcsak egy, hanem legalább két fajta Makarenko-interpretáció jelent meg legitim módon az oktatási mezőben. Azonban a differenciáltabb Makarenko-kép kialakításának lehetősége nem feltétlenül a nagyobb szakmai autonómiáról referált, hanem inkább a „Hruscsovi olvadás” idején elinduló desztalinizációs folyamat indikátorának tekinthető. Ugyanis az 1956 után felépített új szocialista rendszer már lehetőséget adott arra, hogy ugyan politikájának megfelelő irányú, de különböző szocialista tartalmú pedagógiai megközelítések legyenek jelenek az oktatásügyi mezőben, a monolit jellegű sztálinista korszakkal szemben.
A történelmi interpretáció fogalmának tanítása
Authors: Kojanitz László
Published: July 2021

A történelemtanítás és -tanulás eredményessége nagyrészt azon múlik, hogy a diákok képesek lesznek-e a múlt, a történelem és a történelmi interpretáció fogalmát helyesen értelmezni, helyes kép alakul-e ki bennük a múltban történtek és az azokról készült interpretációk viszonyáról. Ennek fontos feltétele, hogy a történelemtanárok maguk is megértsék e probléma összetettségét, és képesek legyenek reflektív módon is megközelíteni a történelemórákon bemutatott ismereteket, következtetéseket és értékeléseket.
Reinventar uma coesão para garantir a legitimidade de suas propostas de reforma do ensino: o exemplo da Liga Internacional para a Educação Nova (LIEN)
Authors: Gutierrez Laurent
Published: July 2021

Dividido entre o desejo de reunir o maior número possível e o de levar em consideração as orientações ideológicas de cada um dos seus membros, a Liga Internacional para a Educação Nova (LIEN) foi exitosa em dar de si uma imagem suficientemente consensual para legitimar a sua ação. A história desse movimento nos ensina que as dificuldades encontradas e as soluções que lhes foram propostas envolveram numerosas concessões que acabaram por enfraquecer o alcance de seus princípios fundadores. Este texto revisita alguns episódios da história da LIEN entre as duas Guerras Mundiais, enfatizando como ela trabalhou para a sua coesão no momento em que o número e a natureza das suas dissensões aumentavam.
La Formación Práctica del profesorado de historia en Chile desde los documentos orientadores de la Formación Inicial Docente
Authors: Valdés-Vera Mario , Palma Troncoso Marcela , Arrepol Santos Cristian
Published: July 2021

El artículo da cuenta de los fundamentos teóricos y pedagógicos de la formación práctica del profesorado en historia en Chile, expresados en los documentos formativos de cinco universidades, lo que a su vez es referenciado con la política pública de la formación docente. En lo metodológico, se recurrió al análisis documental desde una perspectiva comprensiva /interpretativa utilizando el software Atlas Ti, versión 7.5. A partir de un proceso de codificación progresiva, emergieron categorías de análisis que permitieron construir los principales hallazgos. Los resultados dan cuenta de la importancia asignada a la línea de formación práctica por parte de las universidades en sus documentos curriculares. Sin embargo, se evidencia la ausencia de modelos de reflexión, una escasa consideración de los conocimientos y saberes emanados de las experiencias prácticas y, el rol secundario asignado a los profesores guías, actores claves del proceso.
Enseñar y aprender Historia de la Educación en la formación docente. La propuesta de un curso como invitación a pensar al docente y al estudiante como sujetos históricos
Authors: Morras Valeria
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo presento un relato reflexivo a partir de la experiencia de enseñar historia de la educación en el nivel universitario a estudiantes que son docentes o serán futuros docentes. En primer lugar, realizo consideraciones teóricas que dan cuenta de una perspectiva de pensar la historia y su enseñanza para luego adentrarme en el desarrollo y análisis de experiencias de clase que parten de un posicionamiento pedagógico didáctico acerca de la enseñanza de la historia de la educación, en este caso en particular, para la formación docente. Especialmente el relato de experiencia está centrado en propuestas de actividades que pretenden no sólo pensar y problematizar la historia, sino también su enseñanza y aprendizaje. Por ello pretende ser un trabajo reflexivo en relación a seguir pensando y problematizando la enseñanza de la historia en general, y en la formación docente en particular, al tiempo que se propone abrir la mirada en relación a la incorporación de otros sujetos históricos en las clases de historia.
Performance Investigations of an Improved Backstepping Operational space Position Tracking Control of a Mobile Manipulator
Authors: Mishra Swati , Mohan Santhakumar , Vishvakarma Santosh Kumar
Published: July 2021

This article implies an improved backstepping control technique for the operational-space position tracking of a kinematically redundant mobile manipulator. The mobile manipulator thought-out for the analysis has a vehicle base with four mecanum wheels and a serial manipulator arm with three rotary actuated joints. The recommended motion controller provides a safeguard against the system dynamic variations owing to the parameter uncertainties, unmodelled system dynamics and unknown exterior disturbances. The Lyapunov’s direct method assists in designing and authenticating the system’s closed-loop stability and tracking ability of the suggested control strategy. The feasibility, effectiveness and robustness of the recommended controller are demonstrated and investigated numerically with the help of computer based simulations. The mathematical model used for the computer-based simulations is derived based on a real-time mobile manipulator and the derived model is further verified with an inbuilt gazebo model in a robot operating system (ROS) environment. In addition, the proposed scheme is verified on an in-house fabricated mobile manipulator system. Further, the recommended controller performance is correlated with the conventional backstepping control design in both computer-based simulations and in real-time experiments.
Aerodynamic and Structural Optimisation of Maritime Patrol Radar System Radome using Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Shankar M. R. , Niranjanappa A.C. , Dattaguru B.
Published: July 2021

Airborne early warning systems are deployed for collecting surveillance information on airborne enemy targets in real-time. The Maritime Patrol Radar system is used for surveillance of sea surface for various types of ships and low flying aircraft. Radio Detection And Ranging system, or RADAR, in short, is an Electromagnetic sensor integrated on such airborne platforms. An antenna of this radar system is generally mounted under the belly of the aircraft and protected by a cover called a radome. This radome is installed to protect the radar antenna from environmental disturbances. Due to the installation of the radome, increased drag is experienced by aircraft during its flight due to resistance to the flow of the oncoming air. Radome design is a multidisciplinary effort involving structural, aerodynamics, and electromagnetic disciplines. In this study, the multi-disciplinary design of the maritime patrol aircraft radome for optimality in terms of structural strength and aerodynamic performance is carried out by integrating both disciplinary analyses on an optimisation software platform. The utopia point in terms of these two disciplines is found.
ALTERAÇÕES GENÉTICAS E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA RESISTÊNCIA À ANESTESIA E NA ESCOLHA DA TÉCNICA ANESTÉSICA: ANÁLISE DOS ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS
Authors: Mendes Talita Ponte , De Sousa Maria Natália Feitosa , Castro Alves Neto Franklin de , Maia Ivana Cristina Vieira de Lima , Reis Nely Marjollie Guanabara Teixeira
Published: July 2021

A escolha do tipo de anestésico a ser utilizado em pacientes com variações genéticas requer um estudo detalhado das alterações genéticas e monitoramento constante do paciente. Desse modo, buscou-se analisar as implicações que alterações genéticas representam na resistência a anestésicos e na escolha da técnica anestésica. Foi realizada revisão narrativa em maio de 2019 nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library e Web of Science. Foram selecionados 12 artigos com os seguintes descritores: genética, anestesia local; monitoramento; canais de sódio; monitoração neuromuscular. A literatura sobre a genética da resistência à anestesia versa sobre aspectos genéticos e clínicos das doenças relacionadas, demonstrando a evolução do conhecimento da genética e da anestesia, além de destacar as técnicas usadas nesses casos. As evidências encontradas descreveram informações genéticas e clínicas das doenças, com ênfase nas implicações dos efeitos colaterais tardios, precoces ou inesperados relacionados à indução anestésica.
MECANISMO DE AÇÃO E REAÇÕES ADVERSAS DOS ANTIVIRAIS PRECONIZADOS PARA HEPATITE C NO BRASIL
Authors: Araújo Júnior José Raul Rocha de , Silva Ariane Araújo de Carvalho da , Souza Simone Cristina Silva de
Published: July 2021

A hepatite C é uma doença que afeta toda população mundial, afetando também a qualidade de vida da população. O uso de medicamentos é fundamental para o processo terapêutico dos pacientes com hepatite C. O tratamento da hepatite C enfrentou diversos obstáculos com a diversidade pangenotípica viral e as reações adversas do tratamento enfrentadas pelos infectados com o vírus. Entretanto, com o decorrer dos anos, a evolução do mercado farmacêutico e dos medicamentos antivirais ocorreu em diversos campos da pesquisa contra a hepatite C. Neste contexto se torna importante compreender os mecanismos de ação e reações adversas dos fármacos utilizados para o tratamento da hepatite C no Brasil. A pesquisa trata de uma revisão bibliográfica, por meio de levantamento de artigos científicos nas bases de dados LILACs, Pubmed, Google Acadêmico e SciELO, portarias e boletins do Ministério da Saúde. Melhorias moleculares dos fármacos visam diminuir o tempo de tratamento, aumentando assim a adesão do paciente, pelo fato desses novos medicamentos apresentarem efeitos adversos mais leves. A tendência da indústria farmacêutica, no que diz respeito ao tratamento da hepatite C, é produzir medicamentos pangenotípicos, ou seja, que atuam em todos os genótipos do VHC.
Causalidad de los incendios forestales en Pinar del Río, Cuba (1975-2018)
Authors: Ynouye-Francés Mailyvis , Ramos-Rodríguez Marcos Pedro , Martínez-Becerra Luis Wilfredo , Cabrera-Reina Jesús María , González-Rodríguez Raúl , Duany-Dangel Armando
Published: July 2021

Comprender la evolución de las causas de los incendios permite realizar un trabajo objetivo de prevención. Esta investigación analiza la causalidad de los incendios forestales en Pinar del Río, Cuba (1975-2018). Los análisis se realizaron considerando sub-periodos, meses del año y vegetación afectada. En el periodo ocurrieron 2896 incendios y se quemaron 51 217.75 hectáreas. Los incendios originados por causas antropogénicas, principalmente las negligencias, mostraron una tendencia al aumento en el tiempo, contrario a lo ocurrido para el caso de los rayos. Esta evolución determinó que la época de incendios cambiara de marzo a junio en el sub-periodo 1975-1985, y pasara a presentarse de marzo a mayo en el sub-periodo 2008-2018. No obstante, la época donde más incendios ocurren por cada causa de forma individual no cambió durante los 44 años analizados. Estos resultados permitirán perfeccionar el trabajo de prevención de incendios forestales.