Suplementasi seng (Zn) menurunkan kadar IgM anti PGL-1 pada narakontak serumah pasien kusta tipe multibasiler
Authors: Wijaya Elice , Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Praharsini I Gusti Ayu Agung 
Published: December 2022

Background: Indonesia ranks third highest of new cases of leprosy after India and Brazil. Transmission of leprosy through inhalation and prolonged close contact. Families who live in the same house have the highest risk for infection. Currently, several studies have found a correlation between IgM anti-PGL-1 levels with micronutrient deficiencies, especially zinc, which is associated with cellular immunity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 40 mg elemental zinc supplementation per day for four weeks on IgM anti-PGL-1 levels.
Methods: An experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design conducted from February to May 2021. The samples were all close contact persons with multibacillary leprosy patients aged 18-65 years who visited the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar during the study period by consecutive sampling. The history taking, physical examination, and blood sampling were carried out at the to evaluate IgM anti-PGL-1 and zinc levels.
Results: Mean serum zinc level before and after supplementation were 79.00±9.67 g/dl and 95.16±31.84 g/dl, mean difference 25.21±32.12 g/dl (p<0.001). IgM anti-PGL-1 mean level before and after supplementation were 843.21±878.51 u/ml and 465.68±735.21 u/ml, mean difference 377.52±309.62 u/ml (p<0.001). Correlation test of different mean levels of zinc with different mean levels of IgM anti-PGL-1 resulted with r=0.630 and p=0.004.
Conclusion: Forty mg elemental zinc per day for four weeks may increase serum zinc levels and reduce IgM anti-PGL-1 in close contact with multibacillary leprosy patients (p<0.05). Higher mean increase in serum zinc levels follower by higher mean decrease of IgM anti-PGL-1 levels.
 
Latar Belakang: Indonesia menduduki peringkat ketiga jumlah kasus baru kusta terbanyak setelah India dan Brazil. Keluarga yang tinggal serumah memiliki resiko yang paling tinggi untuk terkena infeksi. Saat ini ditemukan beberapa penelitian yang menghubungkan kadar PGL-1 dengan defisiensi mikronutrien, salah satunya yaitu seng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek pemberian suplementasi seng elemental 40 mg per hari selama 4 minggu terhadap kadar IgM anti PGL-1.
Metode: Penelitian eksperimental one group pre-test post-test design yang dilakukan pada Februari hingga Mei 2021. Sampel adalah seluruh individu narakontak dengan pasien kusta tipe multibasiler berusia 18-65 tahun yang berkunjung ke Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Sanglah Denpasar selama periode penelitian berlangsung secara consecutive sampling. Anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan IgM anti PGL-1 dan kadar serum seng.
Hasil: Rerata kadar serum seng sebelum dan sesudah diberikan suplementasi yaitu 79,00±9,67 µg/dl dan 95,16±31,84 µg/dl dengan beda rerata 25,21±32,12 µg/dl (p<0,001). Rerata kadar IgM anti PGL-1 sebelum dan sesudah diberikan suplementasi yaitu 843,21±878,51 u/ml dan 465,68 ± 735,21 u/ml dengan beda rerata 377,52±309,62 u/ml (p<0,001). Uji korelasi beda rerata kadar seng dengan beda rerata kadar IgM anti PGL-1 yaitu r=0,630 dan p=0,004.
Simpulan: Pemberian suplementasi seng elemental 40 mg perhari selama 4 minggu dapat meningkatkan kadar serum seng dan menurunkan kadar serum IgM anti PGL-1 pada narakontak pasien kusta tipe multibasiler (p<0,05). Semakin tinggi selisih rerata peningkatan kadar seng serum, semakin tinggi selisih rerata penurunan kadar IgM anti PGL-1.