bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of China's Monetary Policy on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Area
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Wang Ziwu , Park Jiyun
Published: December 2024

At present, there is a gap of absolute and relative income between urban and rural residents. In the long run, the growth rate of urban residents' income is much faster than that of rural residents. So, the absolute gap continues to widen. Although the relative gap fluctuates, it remains at a high level for a long time, and the overall trend is expanding. This paper studies the mechanism of monetary policy's heterogeneous influence on urban and rural residents' income, and clarifies the process of monetary policy's influence on urban and rural income gap, which is conducive to enhancing the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism, weakening the imbalance of monetary policy between urban and rural, and promoting the alleviation of urban and rural income gap.
This paper mainly studies the impact of monetary policy on urban-rural income gap. Based on the differences in household income composition of urban and rural residents, this paper constructs a logical framework of “monetary policy-intermediary variable-urban-rural income gap,” and conducts theoretical analysis and empirical test. In terms of theoretical analysis, this paper studies how monetary policy influences the urban-rural income gap through affecting intermediary variables, and qualitatively expounds the effects of various transmission channels. Taking the expansionary monetary policy as an example, the expansionary monetary policy will bring the increase of money supply. At the same time, the increase of money supply will cause the rise of commodity housing price, and the rise of commodity housing price will widen urban-rural income gap. The increase of money supply will cause the share of labor factors to decline, while the share of labor factors will narrow urban-rural income gap. However, the share of capital income will increase, which will expand urban-rural income gap. The increase of money supply will lead to the increase of credit scale, and the increase of credit scale will widen urban-rural income gap. In terms of empirical test, the mediating effect model was constructed, and the panel data of 31 provinces (cities and districts) from 2000 to 2019 were used to test the transmission channels of the influence of monetary policy on urban-rural income gap. The research results show that monetary policy can affect urban-rural income gap through asset price, interest rate and credit transmission mechanism, which verifies the existence of transmission mechanism, and the effect of various transmission channels is consistent with theoretical analysis. In the empirical analysis, 31 provinces (cities and districts) were divided in eastern, Northeast, central and western regions, and it was found that there were regional differences in the effect of monetary policy on urban-rural income gap. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis and empirical test results, there offer the corresponding policy recommendations.
The Acculturation Strategy Profile of Chinese Student Workers in Korea: Focus on Online Social Capital, Psychological Wellbeing and Job Satisfaction
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Su Wei , Li Jinxi Michelle , Bang Wonsuk
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the effects of acculturation strategies on online social capital, psychological well-being, and job satisfaction among Chinese student workers in Korea . In addition, it was verified whether these effects are different by gender. Data were collected from 162 Chinese students workers in Seoul, Busan, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, and Jeonbuk. The statistical results are as the following. First, Chinese student workers’ online social capital, psychological well-being, job satisfaction, Korean speaking and listening skills, and age were all found to be different based on their acculturation strategies. Second, two-way ANOVA test reveals that there is no moderating effect of gender between acculturation strategies and dependent variables(online social capital, psychological well-being, and job satisfaction). Third, job satisfaction was highest in integration strategy for both male and female, followed by assimilation strategy. However, online social capital and psychological well-being were all higher in integration strategy than in assimilation strategy for male, while these two variables were all higher in assimilation strategy than in integration strategy for female. Lastly, women's acculturation strategies have a significant effect on job satisfaction only, but men's acculturation strategies significantly affect many variables such as job satisfaction, online social capital, psychological well-being, and Korean speaking and listening skills. Theoretical and practical implications, research limitations, and future research tasks were addressed at the last part.
Research on the Challenges of University Education and the Developing Model for Fostering Global Human Resources in the New Era
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Cui Fang
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the problems of university education in the field of human resource management under the theme of what qualities are required for future talents to secure the competitiveness of countries and companies in the rapidly changing global environment after the post-pandemic and to find ways to solve them.
The research methods adopted in this study were used as case study of several universities that have successfully carried out these tasks with the existing literature research to explore the similarities between them.
Through this study, we have proposed the curriculum and methods of universities to nurture excellent human resources in the future, and in particular, we have established an exchange model between education consumers and suppliers related to this. In addition, we looked for what are the key elements to nurture global talents.
Finally, this research presents the role of state, industry, and universities for fostering global talents in the new era.
Honest, but Biased: Nonverbal Expressive Intensity Increases Bias and Trustworthiness Perceptions of Persuasive Speakers
Authors: Krishna Anand , Oswald Alexandra , Mertens Karoline , Gugler Leonie
Published: December 2024

Three experiments (total N = 357) investigated how nonverbal emotional expressiveness influences observers’ judgments about persuasive speakers’ bias and trustworthiness. Participants watched videos of speakers with high or low expressive intensity and subsequently rated speakers. Highly expressive speakers were consistently rated as more biased and more trustworthy. Experiment 1 showed this effect was independent of speaker expertise, contradicting language intensity theory. Experiment 2 showed the effect was not affected by motivated cognition. Experiment 3 showed the effect was based on beliefs about the meaning of emotional expressiveness rather than on direct affective contagion processes. Exploratory analyses showed a less robust negative effect of emotional expressiveness on perceived speaker expertise. These findings suggest that (a) beliefs and expectations about emotional displays in persuasion may not be wholly negative, (b) such beliefs may be deeply rooted and resistant to defensive (motivated) adaptations, and (c) such beliefs are more influential on credibility judgments than direct affective responses to a persuasive speaker.
General Aspects Regarding the Concept of the Banality of Evil in Hannah Arendt
Authors: Freire Joseph Alexander
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the concept of the banality of evil developed by Hannah Arendt, exploring its philosophical foundation and implications in totalitarian contexts. It addresses how ordinary individuals, under certain conditions, can commit atrocities due to blind obedience and dehumanization. Additionally, psychological studies and historical perspectives that deepen the understanding of this phenomenon are reviewed, highlighting its relevance in contemporary political and ethical critique.
Informed Decision Making in the Context of HIV Prevention: An Experience Sampling Study Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Steup Felix Ludwig , Gültzow Thomas , Jonas Kai , Zimmermann Hanne
Published: December 2024

Objective: Individuals seeking HIV protection can choose from various strategies (e.g., condoms, PrEP). Thus, individuals may engage in informed decision making, balancing risks and benefits with their values. This study examines how different levels of informed decision making affect the relationship between individuals’ momentary prioritization of HIV safety and the perceived safety of their choices. Additionally, it investigates the relationship between informed decision-making levels and individual variability in choices.Methods and Measures: 105 participants (104 cisgender men, 1 intersex man) provided safety evaluations for different sexual scenarios involving various HIV prevention strategies. Over six biweekly follow-ups, implemented strategies were reported and matched with safety evaluations, while assessing informed decision-making levels, impulsivity, and personal priority of safety. Results: Higher levels of informed decision making were associated with a weaker positive relationship between momentary prioritization of HIV safety and perceived safety of the chosen strategy, suggesting that perceived safety was less dependent on momentary prioritization of HIV safety. Further, informed decision-making levels were not associated with variability in choices. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that informed HIV prevention decisions are associated with higher perceived safety and act compensatory towards low personal safety prioritizations. This highlights the importance of supporting informed HIV prevention decisions.
Prime Numbers and Gaps: A Unified Approach to Goldbach's Conjecture Using the Difference of Squares
Authors: Kusniec Charles
Published: December 2024

This study explores the Goldbach Conjecture and the Twin Prime Conjecture using novel approaches rooted in the difference of squares. By analyzing the equations x_1= 4uv-2u-2v+1 and x_1=(2g-1)^2-(2t)^2, we demonstrate the existence of gaps in the generation of odd composite numbers. These gaps inherently imply the presence of odd primes, leading to evidence supporting the infinitude of twin primes and the generalization of De Polignac's Conjecture. We introduce the "C002476 Goldbach's and Landau's Range Visualization Table," a structural tool to visualize the relationships between odd and even numbers, their sums, and their differences. This visualization provides a geometric perspective on the distribution of prime pairs and a pathway toward proving Goldbach's Conjecture through symmetry and bijection. Furthermore, the study discusses the Goldbach Zones in the MID framework, offering a unique lens for understanding prime pair generation in specific numeric intervals.This study, presented as a preprint, offers preliminary insights that are yet to undergo peer review. Future revisions may further refine the findings and conclusions drawn here.Keywords: Goldbach Conjecture, Twin Prime Conjecture, De Polignac's Conjecture, Difference of Squares, Prime Number Gaps, Quadratic Forms, Number Theory, Visualization Table, Goldbach Zones, Symmetry in Primes.2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11P32: Goldbach-type theorems; other additive questions involving primes; 11N05: Distribution of primes; 11A41: Primes; 11Y55: Calculation of integer sequences; 11D09: Quadratic and bilinear equations.
The Orwellian Orthodoxy of Physics Education
Authors: Flannery William
Published: December 2024

Classical physics is currently taught using analytic calculus. Analytic calculus is difficult and requires two years of study, and very few physical systems can be analyzed using analytic calculus. Computational calculus is trivially easy, intuitively transparent, and the very powerful basic method can be taught to high school students in a single one-hour lecture. All physical systems can be analyzed using computational calculus, and computational calculus has been the norm for analyzing physical systems for 60+ years in science and engineering outside the university. Ergo, it is time to start teaching classical physics using computational calculus. However, that hasn’t been proposed, much less been acted on, by academia. In ‘1984’ George Orwell describes how an orthodox political belief system is maintained by a psychological mechanism he calls crimestop, “the faculty of stopping short, as though by instinct, at the threshold of any dangerous thought”. Now the current classical physics curriculum is academic orthodoxy, and any suggestion that a substantial change is needed is rejected by physics education crimestop, without consideration.
Ethnography and Machine Learning: Synergies and New Directions
Authors: Abramson Corey , Li Zhuofan
Published: December 2024

Ethnography (social scientific methods that illuminate how people understand, navigate and shape the real world contexts in which they live their lives) and machine learning (computational techniques that use big data and statistical learning models to perform quantifiable tasks) are each core to contemporary social science. Yet these tools have remained largely separate in practice. This chapter draws on a growing body of scholarship that argues that ethnography and machine learning can be usefully combined, particularly for large comparative studies. Specifically, this paper (a) explains the value (and challenges) of using machine learning alongside qualitative field research for certain types of projects, (b) discusses recent methodological trends to this effect, (c) provides examples that illustrate workflow drawn from several large projects, and (d) concludes with a roadmap for enabling productive coevolution of field methods and machine learning.Keywordsethnography, computational social science, qualitative methods, machine learning, natural language processing, large language models, computational ethnography, digital ethnography, big data, research methods, mixed-methods
When female leaders speak, young women listen: experimental evidence on role modelling effects of women in high office
Authors: Hume Susannah
Published: December 2024

As women have grown more prominent in public life, there has been increasing attention to the impact of female leaders on other women's political engagement. Female leaders can use their platform to encourage women and girls to become more engaged. However, there are complexities to when female leaders are able to inspire young women, and existing research highlights the need for further examination of this role modelling relationship and the conditions under which it inspires and mobilises. The present research theorises that a key aspect of the success of a role model is the extent to which the target of role modelling sees the role model as similar to themselves, and therefore the role model's message as relevant and achievable. This theory is tested via two survey experiments (total N $>$ 1100) using two variants on a short video interview with former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, conducted for the purpose of the study. Both videos used a range of methods to establish the politician as an effective leader and role model for women, before moving to providing either practical advice for engaging with politics, or highlighting a norm of engagement.Both videos are effective in increasing political efficacy and intentions to participate. As predicted, treatment was more effective for those who identified more with Gillard and also for those with a high level of identification with their gender. Overall, the research finds that a female former political leader can act as a role model for young women, increasing their sense that political engagement is efficacious, and their intentions to participate more in future. The findings of this study are relevant to researchers interested in women's political engagement, and have implications for engaging other underrepresented groups.
What makes people want more impactful climate policy?
Authors: Hofmann Wilhelm , Grelle Sonja
Published: December 2024

The dire challenge of climate change and the history of inadequate policy action by governments around the globe raise the critical question of how more impactful, structural climate solutions may be advanced. Here, we examine the role of citizen’s public policy acceptance as a key signal for the policymaking process with a focus on structural solutions. We briefly highlight the role of public policy support and key differences among policies low vs. high in regulatory depth. We then review work on the main predictors of the desire for more governmental intervention in climate policy domains and the acceptance of structural policy measures along an integrative policy acceptance framework. We highlight some open questions for future research as well as implications for policymakers, such as how they may garner more support for impactful policies.
Religion, Faith, and Spirituality as Barriers and Facilitators to Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation among People with HIV in Indonesia
Authors: Hutahaean Bona Sardo Hasoloan , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Jonas Kai
Published: December 2024

Indonesia is a country deeply rooted in religion, faith, and spirituality. These aspects significantly determine individuals’ decision-making and behavior, including healthcare decisions. Given the suboptimal individual management of HIV in the country, we conducted a study to explore the role of religion, faith, and spirituality on antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Our study involved individual interviews with 67 participants, predominantly Muslim, including 17 untreated people with HIV (ART-naïve), 30 people with HIV on treatment (ART-experienced), and 20 HIV service providers (HSPs). Findings revealed that many individuals perceived HIV as a godly punishment related to individual failure (prior risk-prone behaviors), generating shame, guilt, and stigma. Perceiving religion as punitive and unforgiving, and holding fatalistic beliefs, was linked to postponed ART initiation. Conversely, perceiving religion as loving and forgiving, seeking forgiveness through religious practices, viewing ART intake as a “collaborative” effort with God, and engaging in righteous deeds facilitated ART initiation. These findings indicated that religion, faith, and spirituality can serve as both barriers and facilitators to ART initiation, depending on individuals’ faith-based practices and perceptions of religion, whether punishing or forgiving. We recommend that people with HIV and healthcare providers better recognize the role of religion, faith, and spirituality in coping with shame, guilt, and stigma following an HIV diagnosis. This recognition can facilitate informed decisions regarding ART initiation, ultimately improving health outcomes for individuals with HIV in Indonesia.
How Part-Whole Relationships Predict Externalizing Problems under a Holistic View
Authors: Liu Weijun
Published: December 2024

The univariable approach that relies solely on risk factors to predict externalizing problems in children and adolescents has notable limitations, as it neglects multifactorial influences. On the other hand, most multivariable predictive models adopt a reductionist perspective, emphasizing the isolated or combined effects of psychological variables on externalizing problems while overlooking the holistic and interconnected nature of the human psyche. Therefore, this paper begins by reviewing multivariable predictive models in mainstream Western psychology that adopt a reductionist approach. These models include the promotive model and the protective model, both of which consider risk and positive factors, as well as the multiple regression model, which accounts for multiple risk factors. Subsequently, this paper extracts the core principles of these models and, adopting a holistic perspective, propose a new index—referred to as the part-whole relationship index—that integrates multiple risk and/or positive factors. This index offers four distinct linear and nonlinearmodels for predicting externalizing problems: a linear model of risk-promotive factor balance, corresponding to the promotive model; two nonlinear models of risk-protective factor balance, corresponding to the protective model; and a same factors model, corresponding to the multiple regression model. Finally, this paper discusses the practical value and theoretical significance of these intervention strategies based on different predictive models. These four models not only provide a highly efficient and cost-effective framework for social organizations but also promote the diversification of psychological methodologies.
Boosting Memory: A Comprehensive Review of Natural and Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancers
Authors: Mustafa Mohamed M M , Elmesherghi Abdulmoez Fauzi , essa Thoria , Beddor Ahmad , Batarseh Suhel F , Aldemerdash Ahmed , Nabil Yehia , Kundu Mrinmoy
Published: December 2024

“Improve your memory now!” Perhaps you have seen this advertisement before, or you have always wanted to boost your memory, and you have thought of this magic pill that can help you memorize faster. To meet this need, pharmaceutical companies started manufacturing these needed magic pills, calling these products cognitive enhancers. Students are the most common users of cognitive enhancers. Students want to improve their grades, pay more attention, perform better, or try something different. These enhancers may have a positive cognitive effect, but there are other factors we should consider like evidence and safety. This narrative review aims to critically explore the most commonly used cognitive enhancers, showing the scientific evidence supporting their purported benefits and potential safety concerns surrounding their use.
Exploring the barriers and facilitators of school success for autistic adolescents in mainstream schools using qualitative methods
Authors: Hirst Jessica , Riby Deborah M , South Charlotte , Mulholland Elizabeth , Sellars Helen , Hanley Mary
Published: December 2024

In the UK, most autistic pupils are educated in mainstream schools. However, evidence shows that autistic pupils are more likely to experience lower quality of school life, and an academic attainment gap exists between autistic pupils and their peers. To reduce current educational inequalities for autistic pupils, it is critical to take a holistic approach and understand potential barriers and facilitators to their school success. Amplifying the autistic voice and utilising insights from autistic pupils currently attending mainstream secondary schools alongside their parents, is fundamentally important. This mixed-method, multi-informant study utilised accessible approaches (accessible interviewing, pot-sorting task, parent questionnaire) to explore the views of autistic adolescents (n=14; 12-17 years) and parents. Reflexive Thematic Analysis identified core themes around facilitators and barriers to school success. The young people and parents highlighted core roles of relationships with others, the school environment, individual experiences, and (lack of) understanding. At a time when the UK is experiencing a school and attendance crisis, when school resources are limited, and when so many young people express that they are not happy at school, these insights provide potential areas for the prioritisation of evidence-informed actions, with the ultimate goal of improving school success for autistic pupils.
Enforcing Colonial Rule: Blood Tax and Head Tax in French West Africa
Authors: Cogneau Denis , Mo Zhexun
Published: December 2024

We examine the enforcement of two pillars of colonial rule in French West Africa, military conscription and head tax collection, using novel district-level data from 1919 to 1949. Colonial states are often characterized as either omnipotent Leviathans or administration on the cheap. Our findings reveal their notable coerciveness in achieving key objectives. Military recruitment targets were consistently met, even amid individual avoidance and poor health conditions, by drawing on a pool of eligible fit young men. Tax compliance was similarly high, with approximately 80% of the liable population meeting obligations. Spikes in head tax rates significantly increased tax-related protests, likely prompting caution among colonial administrators. The tax burden was adjusted according to perceived district affluence, and tax moderation was applied in times of crisis. However, local shocks such as droughts or cash crop price collapses were largely ignored. These results underscore the capacity of colonial states to enforce their authority despite limited policy responsiveness, offering new insights into the political economy of colonial governance. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
Medicinal Plants as A Natural Immunity Booster Against Covid 19: A Review
Authors: Gautam Deepak , Regmi Krishika , Shrestha Shital , Karki Pawan
Published: December 2024

Medicinal plants have long been valued for their therapeutic properties, especially in boosting immune function. This review explores the role of medicinal plants in enhancing immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on plants known for their bioactive compounds and health benefits. A thorough search of online databases resulted in the identification of 115 published articles from 2020 to 2024, which led to the selection of 50 plants commonly used for immune support. Plants include Garlic, Ashwagandha, Neem,Turmeric, Guduchi, Holy Basil, Amla, Aloe Vera, Black Cardamom, Cinnamon, Pomegranate, Guava, Moringa, Black Cumin, Lemon, Lemongrass,    Papaya, Green Tea and others. These plants contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which are believed to  possess immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Garlic, Turmeric, and Ashwagandha are particularly noted for combating oxidative stress and supporting immune function, while Gurjo, Neem, and Amla are valued for their detoxifying and anti-inflammatory effects. These plants, traditionally used during viral infections like the flu and COVID-19, represent a fusion of ancient cultural wisdom and modern scientific research.Future research should focus on clinical validation and pharmacological studies to better understand the efficacy of these plants in immune modulation.
Analysis of Grade Ten English Textbook from Cultural Perspective
Authors: Subedi Lok Nath
Published: December 2024

The main aim of the study on “An Analysis of Grade ten English Textbook from Cultural Perspective” is to explore the cultural aspects that includes in newly revised Compulsory English textbook. This study mainly focuses on cultural aspects that includes on this book such as religions, celebrations, customs, rituals, genders, castes, clothes, food items, arts and literary genres. The primary source of this study was the newly revised textbook of class ten. The collected data were observed, analyzed and interpreted qualitatively. The study found that the textbook writers have included various contents concerning to the cultures from the world. The study found that the textbook includes the new technologies as well as religions, customs, rituals etc. However, the textbook is not seem completely justifiable regarding the inclusion of female writers, representation of minority and marginalized group of people and their languages and other activities concerning to their cultures.
Adoption of Disciplinary Strategies in Classroom by the Secondary Level Teachers in Kathmandu
Authors: Panday Nikesh
Published: December 2024

Favorable behavior modification is the goal of school discipline to foster a supportive learning environment. Students’ academic performance improves when discipline is established in secondary schools. Discipline-related problems can have a long-lasting impact on a student’s academic achievement and personal growth during the crucial secondary school years. Secondary-level teachers sometimes encounter circumstances where they must deal with disrespect, hostility, and numerous verbal and physical abuses in the classroom. Additionally, they are under pressure from unattainable expectations and are blamed for systemic failures that affect many children, which makes it even harder for them to survive in challenging classrooms. Therefore, this small-scale exploratory and descriptive qualitative research examines secondary-level teachers’ opinions and experiences about challenging classroom settings. The researcher conducted a semi-structured interview with the secondary-level teachers. The study findings can be divided into three themes : Discipline-based Strategy Definition, Classroom Behavior Issues among the students, and Efficacy of teachers’ disciplinary techniques. This study reveals that teachers apply different disciplinary strategies to handle classroom behavioral problems. Because teachers are not entirely to blame for the problematic circumstances, the study’s findings suggested that when teachers struggle to keep the classroom in order, they should expand their roles as change agents by inspiring students, changing the way instruction is delivered, creating effective plans and  classroom strategies, and increasing awareness among stakeholders. There is no pre-made answer or definitive outcome for this issue, as the overall concept of classrooms and their layout has been continually revised worldwide.
Students’ Attitude Toward Pursuance of Higher Education in Abroad Study: A Study Among Grade 12 Students in Pokhara
Authors: Timilsina Pusparaj , Bhurtel Sima
Published: December 2024

This article, ‘Students’ Attitude toward Pursuance of Higher Education in Abroad Study: A Study among Grade 12 Students in Pokhara’ is prepared by investigating the pertinent reasons for motivating students going abroad for higher education after completing grade twelve in Nepal. This research is guided by the objectives to study grade 12 students’ views about going abroad for higher education and to explore the migration trends in the resent years in the context of Nepal. Field visit, informal interview and the questionnaire are the major research tools for data collection. Both the qualitative and quantitative methods are used to process the received data and they are presented in the tables, charts, graphs, etc. The final data are analyzed both in numerical and theoretical interpretations. The results indicate that a large number of students are willing to go abroad for education or for job purposes whereas some students think about continuing their study here in Nepal after completing grade 12. Only one third students do not have a concrete plan for going abroad currently. Similarly, more than half of the students have a plan to go abroad in future once in their life for education which is a challenging question for our education system in Nepal and it is recommended to bring the applicable policy and create the ample opportunities for students to keep them back in the country.
Tourism for Economic Prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal
Authors: Khatiwada Shreekanta S. , Sharma Ramji , Ranabhat Suresh
Published: December 2024

Tourism is a multidimensional mega industry interconnected with hospitality services and facilities. It generates assorted business connectivity with transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, nature, culture and adventure business and facilities. Obviously, tourism has some significant implications over the local economy at community as well as destination level. However, the variance of tourism impacts on various districts and provinces of Nepal mainly depends on the availability and abundance of tourism products, activities and the level of hospitality practices of the destinations. This study, therefore, is an attempt to analyze the potentiality of tourism as an opportunity for economic prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal based on the economic contributions of major tourism components of the province. The trend of visitors’ flow, people’s involvement in tourism as entrepreneurs, volume of revenue generation and the number of employment creation are major variants of analysis for this paper. The paper is based on qual-quan method of analysis with partial use of secondary date published from tourism related authorities and organizations whereas a focus group discussion of the leaders of tourism entrepreneurs’ associations and the representations of concerned authorities is the major source of primary information. The study has come up with the finding that there is a huge potentiality of tourism development and an ample opportunity for economic prosperity via tourism in Gandaki province and hence suggested to incorporate tourism in the plans and policies of the province as a crux of development mainly through the involvement of local community, enhancement of village tourism and promotion of adventure tourism activities and products in the province.
Information Extraction from a Large Knowledge Graph in the Nepali Language
Authors: Ghimire Dadhi Ram , Panday Sanjeev , Shakya Aman
Published: December 2024

Information is abundant in the web. The knowledge graph is used for organizing information in a structured format that can be retrieved using specialized queries. There are many Knowledge graphs but they differ in their ontologies and taxonomies as well as property types that bind the relation between the entities, which creates problems while extracting the knowledge from them. There is an issue in multilingual support. While most of them claim to be multilingual they are more suitable for querying in the English language. Most of the existing knowledge graphs in existence are based on Wikipedia Info box. In this work, we have devised an information extraction pipeline for retrieving knowledge in Nepali Language from Wikidata using SPARQL endpoint. Queries based on Wikipedia info box has more accurate responses than the Queries based on the paragraph content of Wikipedia articles. The main reason behind that is that the information inside the paragraph is not linked properly in the Wikipedia info box.
Determinants Shaping Coffee Consumption Culture among Banking Professionals in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shah Mausam
Published: December 2024

The lifestyle of Nepali consumers, particularly in Kathmandu, is shifting due to the influence of globalization and Western culture. This study explores the emerging coffee culture, primarily among bankers in Kathmandu Valley, where coffee consumption is rising despite Nepal's traditional preference for tea. The research aims to identify the factors driving this trend, such as Western influence and changing consumer behavior and examines the attitudes of bank employees toward coffee. The study provides insights that will help marketers and the coffee industry strategize for future growth and offers a foundation for further research on coffee consumption in among various emerging cultures, Coffee drinking is one of the emerging cultures among Nepali consumers. These days, White Mochas, Cappuccinos, Lattes, Cafe Mocha, Americano, and Espressos are on everybody lips, literally and figuratively. Traditionally, Nepalese are more tea-people than coffee-people. There are tea stalls in virtually every nook and corner of the country and it is still the favorite national drink for the rich as well as the poor. But over the last couple of years, the habit of coffee consumption has shot up dramatically, particularly in Kathmandu and other urban centers, with youngsters of the MTV generation and foreign-returned professionals as the primary consumers.
Assessing the Interconnected Challenges of Housing, Health, Education, and Employment in Balaju Slum Settlement
Authors: Dhakal Naba Raj
Published: December 2024

The deprivation of slums compels dwellers to encounter employment opportunities, income constraints, access to health and sanitation, poor housing arrangements, social displacement, and public participation. In addition, they are trapped with a lack of waste management and drainage systems, a high risk of natural catastrophe, unsystematic housing, a lack of social provision and many more. This research explores the way slum dwellers are deprived of housing security, educational opportunities, employment choices and health facilities and sanitation. In-depth interviews have been utilized to collect the data through random sampling based on Balaju slum and squatter settlement. The author of this research explored that slum dwellers have poor housing condition with lacking proper ventilation, prone to natural calamity and unavailability of enough space. In addition, the higher drop out of the students from the government schools indicate the low educational condition. Moreover, Admission in private schools is just a nightmare. Similarly, Slum dwellers are dragged into the informal labor market with less wage and children of slum area are the victims of the malnutrition.
Happily Old! A Qualitative Inquiry into Sources of Happiness Among Older Adults of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Pralhad
Published: December 2024

Old age is characterized by a decline in physical ability, less social life, and a lowering of cognitive functioning, but older adults have distinct ways to enjoy life. This study aimed to explore and understand the sources of happiness among the older adults of Nepal in a phenomenological qualitative design. A convenient sample of 39 was made with the help of research assistants. The data collected by interviews were transcribed, coded, and categorized in the framework of thematic analysis. The interpretation of data was summarized in four themes: physical agility, social harmony, correct thought, and retirement management. The understanding of the causes of happiness for older adults can be useful for the design of interventions to enhance the quality of life among them. The limitations and future studies have also been discussed.
Returning to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Active Non-Athlete Individual: A Literature Review
Authors: Kholinne Erica
Published: December 2024

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears frequently occur as sports injuries, particularly in active young individuals. ACL reconstruction is a standard treatment for active individuals seeking to return to sports. Prehabilitation and post-operative rehabilitation therapy play crucial roles in strengthening the quadriceps and hamstrings before ACL reconstruction, facilitating the healing process, and enabling a return to sports at the pre-injury level. However, determining the appropriate time to resume sports activities after the injury is a complex and multifaceted decision-making process. Many criteria are considered for returning to sport after ACL reconstruction. Most surgeons suggest that individuals return to sports after nine months, with a limb symmetry index greater than >90% symmetry LSI criteria in hop tests and individuals exhibiting greater psychological readiness were more likely to return to sports.
Relationship between Chinese Mothers’ Coercive Parenting and Aggression in Elementary School Children
Authors:   The Education Research Institute, Li HanliI , Baek Min Kyung
Published: December 2024

본 연구의 목적은 자녀의 성별 및 어머니의 강압적 양육행동과 자녀의 공격성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 연구대상은 중국 하북성에 소재한 3개 초등학교에 다니는 5, 6학년 학생(300명)과 어머니(300명)를 선정하고 총 279부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 연구에서 수집된 자료에 대해 SPSS WINDOWS 26.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 상관관계, t 검증, 위계적 회귀분석(Hierarchical Regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동의 공격성 중 신체적 공격행동은 아동의 성별에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 구체적으로 남아가 여아보다 신체적 공격행동이 더 많이 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 강압적 양육행동 중 화내기, 비이성적 벌주기 전략, 지시가 아동의 신체적 공격성과 관계가 있었다. 셋째, 성별에 상관없이 어머니의 강압적 양육행동 중 비이성적 벌주기 전략이 아동 공격성 중 적대감, 언어적 공격행동과 정적 관계가 있었다.
Analysis of the Mediating Effects of Participation Motivation and Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Self-directed Learning and Subjective Happiness of Lifelong Learners in China
Authors:   The Education Research Institute, Li Yongcun , Jia Chenyi , Hoang Thi Thuy Linh , Kim Yong Il , Seo Jae Bok
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationships between self-directed learning, participation motivation, self-efficacy, and subjective happiness among Chinese lifelong learners. The study aims to identify the factors influencing the subjective happiness of adult learners and highlight the need for policy support to enhance it. The research was conducted through an online survey targeting lifelong learners in Shanxi Province, China, collecting 754 valid responses. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 and Amos 28.0. The study found, first, that self-directed learning positively impacts subjective happiness. The more learners engage in self-directed learning, the higher their level of happiness, and their participation motivation and self-efficacy are also strengthened. This suggests that as learners become more immersed in their learning, their motivation and confidence increase, leading to a positive impact on subjective happiness. Second, participation motivation had a positive effect on self-efficacy, and self-efficacy was identified as an important factor in enhancing subjective happiness. The higher the learner’s motivation to participate in learning, the more their self-efficacy improves, which, in turn, contributes to the increase in happiness. Third, the analysis revealed an indirect effect where participation motivation and self-efficacy mediate the relationship between self-directed learning and subjective happiness. Self-directed learning not only directly increases happiness but also indirectly boosts subjective happiness through participation motivation and self-efficacy. This study emphasizes the importance of self-directed learning in improving the subjective happiness of adult learners in China. It also suggests that educational programs and policy support are needed to enhance participation motivation and self-efficacy, which play critical roles in promoting happiness.
Comparison of Perceptions of Career Education between Professors and Students: Focusing on Small University
Authors:   The Education Research Institute, Lee Suk Yeol , Kim Noo Ree , Kim Young Bin , Oh Se Won , Youk Jin Kyoung , Lee Hun Byoung
Published: December 2024

This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of career education by comparing the perceptions of professors and students regarding university career education and suggesting improvement measures. To achieve this, focus group interviews were conducted with 12 professors and 11 students from a small university over seven sessions. The questions centered on overall impressions of career education, evaluations of career education, its content, operation, benefits, and improvement measures. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively. As a result, professors' perceptions of university career education were classified into 5 domains, 16 categories, and 53 concepts, while students' perceptions were categorized into 4 domains, 15 categories, and 55 concepts. Common areas between professors and students included issues with university career education and areas of demand. Students pointed out a lack of information and issues with professors' guidance, whereas professors highlighted role conflicts among faculty and a lack of consideration for student diversity. In terms of demands, both professors and students called for customized career education tailored to students' academic year and career paths. Students requested more diverse and specific career-related information and expanded support for interactions with professors and seniors, while professors emphasized the need for role adjustments between major and liberal arts faculty as well as increased administrative and financial support. Based on these findings, to enhance career education, we need to foster consensus and sharing of goals, strengthen systems and support, ensure clear role differentiation among stakeholders, and develop the expertise of members.
Analysis of Educational Needs and Support Measures through the Diagnosis of University Faculty Teaching Competencies - based on the case of J University -
Authors:   The Education Research Institute, Hwang Hey Yeon , Kim Chan Song
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to systematically diagnose the instructional competency needs of university faculty members and propose tailored faculty support measures to improve teaching quality. To identify differences based on faculty characteristics(such as rank and teaching experience), we analyzed the importance and performance of instructional competencies, assessed competency needs using the Borich model, and compared findings with the Locus for Focus model to identify key priorities. Based on this, we proposed targeted support measures for faculty. The results of this study are as follows: First, analysis of the overall needs of university faculty indicated that foundational competencies should be prioritized in core competencies, while specific competencies such as educational philosophy, motivation, enthusiastic attitude, respect for students, course evaluation, and lesson planning should be supported in that order. Second, when examining differences based on faculty characteristics— namely, rank and teaching experience—a common finding was that foundational competencies in core competencies, and educational philosophy and motivation in specific competencies, were prioritized. However, notable distinctions emerged among faculty groups. Full-time faculty members prioritized support for educational philosophy, motivation, course evaluation, and lesson planning, whereas non-full-time faculty emphasized educational philosophy, enthusiastic attitude, respect for students, motivation, and lesson planning. Faculty with less than seven years of teaching experience prioritized educational philosophy, respect for students, and enthusiastic attitude, while those with seven or more years of experience focused on educational philosophy, motivation, and course evaluation. Third, we proposed faculty support methods based on these results. Providing tailored programs to meet the needs of instructors is expected to play a significant role in fostering a learner-centered educational environment. Therefore, this study is anticipated to contribute not only to improving the quality of education but also to exploring sustainable strategies for educational development.
Recommendation System for Selecting Electronic Products Using Content-Based Filtering Method
Authors: Exzaraja Indiandra Scandea  , Susanto Rudi , Muhtarom Moh
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop a recommendation system for electronic products using the Content-Based Filtering method. In this research, calculations were performed to identify 12 products that exhibit similarity based on their respective categories. The method employed for these calculations was cosine similarity, which measures the degree of similarity between products. The analysis results indicate that there are three products with the highest similarity values, specifically 73, 71.15, and 64.89. These products were selected based on their relevant characteristic similarities and features, thereby providing accurate recommendations for consumers. This recommendation system is expected to significantly enhance the online shopping experience by assisting consumers in finding products that align closely with their preferences and needs. Consequently, this research offers substantial contributions to companies seeking to improve customer satisfaction and operational efficiency, ultimately leading to better consumer engagement and increased sales in the competitive electronic market.