bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychophysiological wellbeing in a class of dental students attending dental school: anxiety, burnout, post work executive performance and a 24 hours physiological investigation during a working day
Authors: Queirolo Luca , Roccon Andrea , Piovan Silvia , Ludovichetti Francesco Saverio , Bacci Christian , Zanette Gastone
Published: May 2024

Aim

To the best of our knowledge, dental school students have never been evaluated for stress, anxiety, burnout, physiological indexes during a 24-h working day, and executive function performance post-work and post-work after returning from vacation; therefore, this research has been conducted.

Methods

Data were acquired at the Dental School of the University of Padua on 16 students in their 4th year, far from the exam session. While performing clinical activity on the dental chair and during a working day, electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate variability (HRV), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Participants’ stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10 scale) and anxiety with the General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y-2), while burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS). Executive functions were evaluated using the Tower of London test (TOL-R).

Results

Three students (2F/1M) had a GAD-7 score ≥ 10. Five students (4F/1M) showed trait anxiety. Moderate levels of perceived stress were reported in 85% of participants. MBI-HSS showed that 7 participants scored high on emotional exhaustion and 7 on depersonalization. TOL-R performance (M = 15.85, SD = 4.01) was below the normative value p < 0.00001. A second test, after the holidays, showed normal values. EDA was higher during children’s treatment (p < 0.05), ANOVA showed high HR during working time (p < 0.001), and HRV was higher in males (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Based on the sample size evaluated, it is reported that being a dental student has a moderate impact on stress, anxiety, and burnout while a strong impact on executive functions buffered by rest.
School prevention of non-consensual sexting among middle adolescents: Does sexual preoccupation awareness matter?
Authors: Touloupis Thanos
Published: May 2024

Although non-consensual sexting seems to concern not only adults but also middle adolescent students, with detrimental consequences on their well-being, the related research-based effective school prevention programs are almost absent. Furthermore, there is an unanswered research question as to whether sex-related issues, such as sexual preoccupation, matters in adolescents’ non-consensual sexting and its prevention. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a school-based intervention against non-consensual sexting among middle adolescents, based on the European funded program TABBY (Threat Assessment of Bullying Behavior in Youth). Furthermore, the predictive role of sexual preoccupation was examined. Overall, 280 Greek students from randomly selected junior high school responded to self-report scales on non-consensual sexting and sexual preoccupation. Based on an experimental longitudinal research design, only the experimental (N = 131), but not the control group of students (N = 149), participated in the intervention. To test the effectiveness of the intervention, both student groups completed the scales before (1st phase), immediately after (2nd phase), and six months after the intervention (3rd phase), which was implemented by trained teachers. The results showed both, the short-term and long-term effectiveness of the intervention. Also, the study highlighted the significant contribution of sexual preoccupation awareness in reducing non-consensual sexting, especially immediately after and six months after the intervention. The study implies the necessity to adapt existed prevention programs to the specific parameters of non-consensual sexting, integrating at the same time sexual preoccupation awareness activities to better address this issue.
The influencing mechanism of scenic spot online attention and tourists’ purchase behavior: an AISAS model based investigation
Authors: Zhao Shuhong , Kong Yingying , Yang Yueqin , Li Jiayi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In the era of the Internet, online digital traces have become a new way to study the online attention of scenic spots and tourists’ purchase behavior. The public’s information search on major search platforms is a series of manifestations of potential tourists’ attention and interest in scenic spots, but there are few studies on how attention, interest and information search affect potential tourists to generate real purchase behavior.

Method

This paper selects four dimensions of short video platform, travel website, search engine and social media to comprehensively measure the online attention of high-quality scenic spots in Yunnan Province, and then establishes a gray association analytic hierarchy process based on the relevant variables of the AISAS model to empirically analyze the primary and secondary factors affecting tourists’ purchase behavior.

Results

(1) From the perspective of the online attention of scenic spots on different platforms, the intensity of the public’s scenic spots online attention on the four types of media platforms is in the order of travel websites, search engines, short videos and social media (2) From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, the online attention of high-quality scenic spots in Yunnan Province is unevenly distributed, that is, there is a big difference between the attention of higher star scenic spots and their star rating and popularity, while the attention of low-star scenic spots is not much different from their star rating and popularity (3) From the perspective of spatial agglomeration characteristics, the comprehensive online attention of high-quality scenic spots in Yunnan Province presents the spatial agglomeration characteristics of “the multi-core linkage of high-density in the east and north, and sub-high-density in the south” (4) The factors influencing the purchase behavior of potential tourists are sharing experience, attracting attention, generating interest and searching information.

Discussion

By exploring the formation mechanism of high-quality scenic spots online attention in Yunnan Province and the mechanism of its spatial differentiation, this study not only enriches the logical chain of “tourism information source → potential tourists → demand driven → tourism information search → travel preference → destination selection → purchase decision → travel experience → real tourists → feelings after traveling → focus on feedback → tourism information source,” but also broadens the application scenarios and application boundaries of travel preference theory and AISAS behavior model to a certain extent.
People who seem disgusting seem more immoral
Authors: Laurent Sean M. , Li Jieming
Published: May 2024

Despite unresolved questions about replicability, a substantial number of studies find that disgust influences and arises from evaluations of immoral behavior and people. Departing from prior emphases, the current research examines a novel, related question: Are people who are viewed as disgusting (i.e., people whose habits seem disgusting) perceived as more immoral than typical or unusual people? Four experiments examined this, also exploring the downstream impacts of moral character judgments. Adults who seemed disgusting were regarded as more immoral for purity and non-purity violations (Experiment 1) and less praiseworthy for prosocial acts (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, an 8-year-old with typical (but seemingly disgusting) habits was rated as “naughtier” and likelier to misbehave than an atypical child who loved vegetables and disliked sweets. Experiment 4 revealed how, when no behavioral information is available, beliefs about target disgust influence beliefs about future behavior, helping explain why seemingly disgusting targets are viewed as more immoral, but not always more punishable for their bad behavior.
Homocysteine levels in first-episode patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Fan Ning , Zhao Wenxuan , Yun Yajun , Bai Luyuan , An Huimei , Zhang Qi , Yan Jiangling , Fan Fengmei , Han Xiaole , Yang Fude
Published: May 2024

A high homocysteine (Hcy) level is a risk factor for schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. However, the role of hyperhomocysteinemia as either an independent factor or an auxiliary contributor to specific psychiatric symptoms or disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to examine Hcy levels in first-episode inpatients with psychotic symptoms and various psychiatric diseases to elucidate the association between Hcy levels and psychiatric disorders. This study enrolled 191 patients (aged 18–40 years) with psychiatric disorders. Seventy-five patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 48 with acute and transient psychotic disorders, 36 with manic episodes with psychosis, 32 with major depressive episodes with psychosis, and 56 healthy controls. Serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzyme cycle method. A Hcy concentration level of > 15 μmol/L was defined as hyperhomocysteinemia. Hcy levels were significantly higher in first-episode patients with psychiatric disorders compared to healthy controls (5.99 ± 3.60 vs. 19.78 ± 16.61 vs. 15.50 ± 9.08 vs. 20.00 ± 11.33 vs. 16.22 ± 12.06, F = 12.778, P < 0.001). Hcy levels were significantly higher in males with schizophrenia, acute and transient psychotic disorder, and major depressive disorder but not in mania [schizophrenia, (t = -4.727, P < 0.001); acute and transient psychotic disorders, (t = -3.389, P = 0.001); major depressive episode with psychosis, (t = -3.796, P < 0.001); manic episodes with psychosis, (t = -1.684, P = 0.101)]. However, serum Hcy levels were not significantly different among the psychiatric disorder groups (F = 0.139, P = 0.968). Multivariate linear regression showed that males had an increased risk for homocysteinemia. (95% CI = 8.192–15.370, P < 0.001). These results suggest that first-episode patients with psychiatric disorders have higher Hcy levels than in the general population, and men are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, elevated Hcy levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of first-episode patients with psychotic symptoms.
Working together with people with intellectual disability to make a difference: a protocol for a mixed-method co-production study to address inequities in cervical screening participation
Authors: Bateson Deborah , Ussher Jane , Strnadová Iva , Loblinzk Julie , David Michael , Chang Ee-Lin , Carter Allison , Sweeney Sally , Winkler Lauren , Power Rosalie , Basckin Caroline , Kennedy Elizabeth , Jolly Heather
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers yet remains a disease of inequity for people with intellectual disability, in part due to low screening rates. The ScreenEQUAL project will use an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) model to co-produce and evaluate accessible cervical screening resources with and for this group.

Methods

Stage 1 will qualitatively explore facilitators and barriers to screening participation for people with intellectual disability, families and support people, healthcare providers and disability sector stakeholders (n ≈ 20 in each group). An accessible multimodal screening resource, accompanying supporting materials for families and support people, and trauma-informed healthcare provider training materials will then be co-produced through a series of workshops. Stage 2 will recruit people with intellectual disability aged 25 to 74 who are due or overdue for screening into a single-arm trial (n = 48). Trained support people will provide them with the co-produced resource in accessible workshops (intervention) and support them in completing pre-post questions to assess informed decision-making. A subset will participate in qualitative post-intervention interviews including optional body-mapping (n ≈ 20). Screening uptake in the 9-months following the intervention will be measured through data linkage. Family members and support people (n = 48) and healthcare providers (n = 433) will be recruited into single-arm sub-studies. Over a 4-month period they will, respectively, receive the accompanying supporting materials, and the trauma-informed training materials. Both groups will complete pre-post online surveys. A subset of each group (n ≈ 20) will be invited to participate in post-intervention semi-structured interviews.

Outcomes and analysis

Our primary outcome is a change in informed decision-making by people with intellectual disability across the domains of knowledge, attitudes, and screening intention. Secondary outcomes include: (i) uptake of screening in the 9-months following the intervention workshops, (ii) changes in health literacy, attitudes and self-efficacy of family members and support people, and (iii) changes in knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and preparedness of screening providers. Each participant group will evaluate acceptability, feasibility and usability of the resources.

Discussion

If found to be effective and acceptable, the co-produced cervical screening resources and training materials will be made freely available through the ScreenEQUAL website to support national, and potentially international, scale-up.
Associations between specific volatile organic chemical exposures and cardiovascular disease risks: insights from NHANES
Authors: Han Shaojie , Xie Min , Cheng Siyuan , Han Yuchen , Li Panpan , Guo Jun
Published: May 2024

Introduction

An increasing body of research has demonstrated a correlation between pollutants from the environment and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the impact of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) on CVD remains unknown and needs further investigation.

Objectives

This study assessed whether exposure to VOC was associated with CVD in the general population.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing data from five survey cycles (2005–2006, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program. We analyzed the association between urinary VOC metabolites (VOCs) and participants by multiple logistic regression models, further Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression were performed for mixture exposure analysis.

Results

Total VOCs were found to be positively linked with CVD in multivariable-adjusted models (p for trend = 0.025), independent of established CVD risk variables, such as hypertension, diabetes, drinking and smoking, and total cholesterol levels. Compared with the reference quartile of total VOCs levels, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios in increasing quartiles were 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–1.31], 1.26 (95% CI: 1.05–1.21) and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.36–1.64) for total CVD. Similar positive associations were found when considering individual VOCs, including AAMA, CEMA, CYMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, IPM3 and MHBMA3 (acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, isoprene, and 1,3-butadiene). In BKMR analysis, the overall effect of a mixture is significantly related to VOCs when all chemicals reach or exceed the 75th percentile. Moreover, in the WQS models, the most influential VOCs were found to be CEMA (40.30%), DHBMA (21.00%), and AMCC (19.70%).

Conclusion

The results of our study indicated that VOC was all found to have a significant association with CVD when comparing results from different models. These findings hold significant potential for public health implications and offer valuable insights for future research directions.
Determinants of psychological distress among individuals who are aware of their HIV serostatus in South Africa: findings from the 2017 national HIV prevalence, incidence, behavior, and communication survey
Authors: Vondo Noloyiso , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Ginyana Thembelihle , Malope Lesiba , Moyo Sizulu , Zungu Nompumelelo , Shisana Olive
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Psychological distress is a growing public health challenge among people living with HIV. This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress among individuals who know their HIV positive or negative serostatus in South Africa using 2017 data from a nationwide cross-sectional household-based population survey.

Methods

The data for this secondary analysis was collected using a multi-stage stratified cluster randomized sampling design. Multivariable backward stepwise generalized linear regression models were fitted to determine factors associated with psychological distress as measured by the Kessler Scale (K10) among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals who know their serostatus in South Africa.

Results

Of 18,662 participants, psychological distress was 27.4% (95% CI: 25.3–29.7) among those HIV-positive and 20.1% (95% C: 18.8–21.4) among those HIV-negative. The odds of psychological distress were significantly higher among HIV-positive individuals who rated their health as fair/poor [AOR = 1.22 (95% CI: 1.09–1.35), p < 0.001], and the odds were lower among those residing in rural formal/farm areas [AOR = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78–0.93), p < 0.001], and those with tertiary education level [AOR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78–0.99), p = 0.033]. The odds of psychological distress in HIV-negative individuals were significantly higher among females than males [AOR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.05–1.14), p < 0.001], high-risk alcohol drinkers [AOR = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.02–1.57), p = 0.035] and hazardous alcohol drinkers [AOR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01–1.18), p = 0.028] than abstainers and those who rated their health as fair/poor rather than excellent/good [AOR = 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10–1.26), p < 0.001].

Conclusion

The study underscores the importance of addressing, alcohol misuse and socio-structural inequalities linked to gender and race-based disparities, such as low educational attainment and unemployment, as critical factors associated with psychological distress in the study population.
The impact of the implementation of hierarchical medical system on population health: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Hong
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The implementation of a hierarchical medical system holds significant practical importance in advancing the Healthy China strategy and elevating the overall health status of the population of China.

Methods

This article empirically examines the influence of the implementation of a hierarchical medical system on the health of the population using the latest 2020 China Family Panel Studies database. Furthermore, it investigates the variability of this impact across distinct health insurance participation statuses and literacy groups.

Results

The findings of the study demonstrate that the implementation of the hierarchical medical system substantially enhances the health of the population, not only in terms of self-assessed health but also through a notable positive effect on alleviating chronic diseases. These results maintain their validity even after conducting robustness tests utilizing a replacement estimation model. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of the hierarchical medical system on the population’s health status exhibits significant variation concerning health insurance participation and literacy. Specifically, regarding health insurance participation, the hierarchical medical system effectively improves both self-assessed health and chronic disease status among the insured population. However, for those not enrolled in health insurance, the hierarchical medical system only demonstrates improvement in chronic disease status, with insignificant results observed in enhancing self-assessed health status. Moreover, propensity score matching (PSM) was also used to address endogeneity problems resulting from sample selectivity bias. The findings demonstrate that endogeneity issues can be suitably addressed by the PSM model. Additionally, they point out that an overestimation of the impact of the hierarchical medical system on the population’s self-assessed health state would result from failing to take sample selectivity bias into account. On the other hand, it will lead to the underestimation of the effect of the hierarchical medical system on the status of chronic diseases.

Discussion

Moving forward, steadfast efforts should be directed toward further enhancing the implementation of the hierarchical medical system. This includes the comprehensive promotion and using the pivotal role of the hierarchical medical system in improving the health of the population.
PET and polyolefin plastics supply chains in Michigan: present and future systems analysis of environmental and socio-economic impacts
Authors: Chaudhari Utkarsh S. , Sedaghatnia Kamand , Reck Barbara K. , Maguire Kate , Johnson Anne T. , Watkins David W. , Handler Robert M. , Hossain Tasmin , Hartley Damon S. , Thompson Vicki S. , Peralta Alejandra , Apriesnig Jenny L. , Shonnard David R.
Published: May 2024

Many actions are underway at global, national, and local levels to increase plastics circularity. However, studies evaluating the environmental and socio-economic impacts of such a transition are lacking at regional levels in the United States. In this work, the existing polyethylene terephthalate and polyolefin plastics supply chains in Michigan were compared to a potential future (‘NextCycle’) scenario that looks at increasing Michigan’s overall recycling rate to 45%. Material flow analysis data was combined with environmental and socio-economic metrics to evaluate the sustainability of these supply chains for the modeled scenarios. Overall, the NextCycle scenario for these supply chains achieved a net 14% and 34% savings of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy impacts, when compared with their respective baseline values. Additionally, the NextCycle scenario showed a net gain in employment and wages, however, it showed a net loss of revenue generation outside of Michigan due to the avoided use of virgin resins in Michigan.
Hetero-bonding strength investigation into opto-mechanical interface
Authors: Hu Haifei , Zhou Di , Zhao Chenchen , Qi Erhui , Luo Xiao
Published: May 2024

Glass-metal hetero-bonding through optical epoxy adhesive is frequently used in opto-mechanics and requires high stability. However, the bonding stability is difficult to achieve and predict in massive use cases, where dozens to thousands of metal pads are bonded to mount large optics. Here a universal adhesive bonding technology was proposed and evaluated through reliability analyses based on a limited number of sample tests. Specimens were prepared and tested via standard procedures and equipment; afterward, the lower strength limits were calculated with high reliability. Nominal tensile (6.7 MPa) and shear (4.3 MPa) strength limits at 99.95% reliability were expected for ongoing 30 m aperture telescopes. This study may improve the quality of opto-mechanical interfaces and reduce the risk on constructing extremely large telescopes.
Developing a toolkit to help smaller local authorities establish strong net zero governance in the UK
Authors: Gudde Peter , Bury Nicolas , Cochrane Peter , Caldwell Nicholas
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The Skidmore Review of UK Government's net zero approach highlights a lack of a national framework which establishes local government role, responsibilities and area-based governance arrangements. Although unified political leadership agreed as part of devolution deals has helped some areas to marshal resources and support, the national delivery landscape for net zero remains patchy. This study develops a toolkit to help local areas improve local arrangements.

Methods

A mixed methods research approach has been used to develop the toolkit. It incorporates a set of governance models, a method for assessing the values of good governance, a governance improvement process and an illustration of how the toolkit can be employed using three cases where the two-tier public administrative structure applies.

Results

Results from the research process suggest that although change is happening it lacks the coherence and scale needed, with non-urban multiple-tier public administrations getting left behind by their metropolitan, single-tier counterparts creating a credibility and performance gap between political rhetoric and local net zero delivery. This observed inertia highlights the need to change governance processes and practices if public administration is going to deliver its part of net zero effectively outside the UK Metropolitan areas.

Discussion

The gap in support for local government to develop net zero governance arrangements is well recognized in both this research and publicly funded research programmes. This study provides UK local authorities with a simple, effective toolkit, that could potentially help them build strong wider societal relationships that will assist them in playing their full part in the UK reaching net zero.
Examining the impact of agricultural drainage ditch management on in-stream bacterial communities involved in nitrogen cycling: insights from the Environmental Change One Health Observatory (ECO2)
Authors: Guo Galen , Lapen David R. , Khan Izhar U. H. , Sunohara Mark , Craiovan Emilia , Chen Wen
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Agricultural drainage ditches are essential for maintaining flow efficiency and are often managed by brushing (i.e., vegetation clearing along ditch banks) and dredging. These maintenance practices not only impact flow but also the ditches’ capacity to process and assimilate agricultural chemicals. However, the influence of ditch management on microbial activities, essential in processing and transforming these contaminants, remains underexplored.

Methods

We conducted a four-year surface water sampling campaign in two long-established (over 40 years) agricultural drainage ditches situated in eastern Ontario, Canada. One drainage ditch underwent intensive bank brushing and channel dredging, while the other remained unmanaged. We assessed the impact of these contrasting ditch management practices on the diversity and compositional structure of surface water microbiome communities, with a particular focus on the distribution of genes associated with nitrogen (N) cycling, using shotgun metagenomics sequencing and an assembly-based metagenome approach.

Results and discussion

From 117 surface water samples, we reconstructed 157 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), predominantly from the Patescibacteria superphylum. Brushing alone, conducted about 10 months prior to dredging, had an insignificant impact on the aquatic microbial community. However, dredging led to a significant reduction in community diversity and abundance of genes affiliated with denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia, and complete nitrification through comammox. Ditch management resulted in noticeable shifts in the microbial community, evidenced by the enrichment of taxa in Polaromonas, Emticicia, Flectobacillus, and Patescibacteria in the water of the managed ditch sites. The metagenomes of these taxa harbor genes involved in various nitrogen biotransformation pathways. Interestingly, following dredging, the levels of ammonia and ammonium, nitrite, and total Kjeldahl N in the managed ditch did not increase, but significantly decreased; likely due to ditch substrate removal and potentially increased flow efficiency and dilution. Being one of the few studies conducted to date, this study provided unique insights into the consequences of drainage ditch management on freshwater microbiomes involved in N cycling.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic combined with endoscopic partial gastrectomy (RALE-PG) for the treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors in challenging anatomical locations: single-center experience
Authors: Jian Chenxing , Huang Xinxiang , Lin Ruirong , Yang Weijin , Zheng Shiyao , He Hongxin , Jin Shangkun , Yang Chunkang , Guan Shen
Published: May 2024

Background

Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors in challenging anatomical locations are difficult to remove.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 patients with gastric GISTs in challenging anatomical locations who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic combined with endoscopic partial gastrectomy (RALE-PG) and manual suturing of the gastric wall.

Results

This study included 12 patients with a mean age of 56.8 ± 9.8 years and a mean BMI of 23.9 ± 1.9 kg/m2. Tumors were located in the GEJ (n = 3), lesser curvature (n = 3), posterior gastric wall (n = 3) and antrum (n = 3). The cardia and pylorus were successfully preserved in all patients regardless of the tumor location. The mean tumor size was 4.5 ± 1.4 cm. The mitotic-count/50 mm2 was less than 5 in all patients (100%). There was no intraoperative tumor rupture (0%) and no conversion to open surgery (0%). The median operation time was 122 (97–240) min, and the median blood loss volume was 10 (5–30) ml. The median postoperative VAS score was 2 (2–4). The median time to first flatus was 2 (2–3) days. The median time to first fluid intake was 2 (2–3) days. The median time to first ambulation after the operation was 3 (2–4) days. No cases of anastomotic stenosis or leakage were found. The median time to drain removal for 6 patients was 5 (4–7) days. The median time to nasogastric tube removal for all patients was 2 (1–5) days. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5 (4–8) days. One patient (female/41 year) developed moderate anemia (Clavien-Dindo grade II complication). There was no unplanned readmission within 30 days after the operation. The median distance from the tumor to the resection margin was 1 (1–2) cm. R0 resection was achieved in all patients. The median follow-up period was 19 (10–25) months, and all patients survived with no recurrence or metastasis.

Conclusions

RALE-PG is a safe, feasible and advantageous technique for treating GISTs in challenging anatomical locations. It can be used to accurately remove the tumor while preserving gastric function to the greatest extent, but long-term oncologic outcomes need to be evaluated in a study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period.
Kidney Cancer and Potential Use of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Le Linh Nguy-Hoang , Munir Javaria , Kim Eun-Bit , Ryu Seongho
Published: May 2024

Kidney cancer is the 14th most common cancer globally. The 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer at a localized stage is 92.9% and it declines to 17.4% in metastatic stage. Currently, the most accurate method of its diagnosis is tissue biopsy. However, the invasive and costly nature of biopsies makes it undesirable in many patients. Therefore, novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis should be explored. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are small vesicles (50–200 nm) in urine carrying nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as their cargos. These uEVs’ cargos can provide non-invasive alternative to monitor kidney health. In this review, we have summarized recent studies investigating potential use of uEVs’ cargos as biomarkers in kidney cancer for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention.
Outcomes of Lung Transplantation in Patients With Right Ventricular Dysfunction: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis Comparing ECMO Configurations in a Bridge-to-Transplant Setting
Authors: Lee Su Yeon , Ahn Jee Hwan , Kim Ho Cheol , Shim Tae Sun , Kang Pil-Je , Lee Geun Dong , Choi Se Hoon , Jung Sung-Ho , Park Seung-Il , Hong Sang-Bum
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the lung transplantation (LT) outcomes of patients with right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), focusing on the impact of various extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) configurations. We included adult patients who underwent LT with ECMO as a bridge-to-transplant from 2011 to 2021 at a single center. Among patients with RVD (n = 67), veno-venous (V-V) ECMO was initially applied in 79% (53/67) and maintained until LT in 52% (35/67). Due to the worsening of RVD, the configuration was changed from V-V ECMO to veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO or a right ventricular assist device with an oxygenator (Oxy-RVAD) in 34% (18/67). They showed that lactic acid levels (2–6.1 mmol/L) and vasoactive inotropic score (6.6–22.6) increased. V-A ECMO or Oxy-RVAD was initiated and maintained until LT in 21% (14/67) of cases. There was no significant difference in the survival rates among the three configuration groups (V-V ECMO vs. configuration changed vs. V-A ECMO/Oxy-RVAD). Our findings suggest that the choice of ECMO configuration for LT candidates with RVD should be determined by the patient’s current hemodynamic status. Vital sign stability supports the use of V-V ECMO, while increasing lactic acid levels and vasopressor needs may require a switch to V-A ECMO or Oxy-RVAD.
In Vitro and Molecular Docking Evaluation of the Anticholinesterase and Antidiabetic Effects of Compounds from Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae)
Authors: Feunaing Romeo Toko , Tamfu Alfred Ngenge , Gbaweng Abel Joel Yaya , Kucukaydin Selcuk , Tchamgoue Joseph , Lannang Alain Meli , Lenta Bruno Ndjakou , Kouam Simeon Fogue , Duru Mehmet Emin , Anouar El Hassane , Talla Emmanuel , Dinica Rodica Mihaela
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes are non-communicable diseases with global impacts. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are suitable therapies for AD, while α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors are employed as antidiabetic agents. Compounds were isolated from the medicinal plant Terminalia macroptera and evaluated for their AChE, BChE, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitions. From 1H and 13C NMR data, the compounds were identified as 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid (1), 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methyl ellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2), 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methyl ellagic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (5), shikimic acid (6), arjungenin (7), terminolic acid (8), 24-deoxysericoside (9), arjunglucoside I (10), and chebuloside II (11). The derivatives of ellagic acid (1–4) showed moderate to good inhibition of cholinesterases, with the most potent being 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, with IC50 values of 46.77 ± 0.90 µg/mL and 50.48 ± 1.10 µg/mL against AChE and BChE, respectively. The compounds exhibited potential inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, especially the phenolic compounds (1–5). Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside had the highest α-amylase inhibition with an IC50 value of 65.17 ± 0.43 µg/mL compared to acarbose with an IC50 value of 32.25 ± 0.36 µg/mL. Two compounds, 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid (IC50 = 74.18 ± 0.29 µg/mL) and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (IC50 = 69.02 ± 0.65 µg/mL), were more active than the standard acarbose (IC50 = 87.70 ± 0.68 µg/mL) in the α-glucosidase assay. For α-glucosidase and α-amylase, the molecular docking results for 1–11 reveal that these compounds may fit well into the binding sites of the target enzymes, establishing stable complexes with negative binding energies in the range of −4.03 to −10.20 kcalmol−1. Though not all the compounds showed binding affinities with cholinesterases, some had negative binding energies, indicating that the inhibition was thermodynamically favorable.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Ketamine Derivatives as NMDAR Antagonists
Authors: Li Shiyun , Wen Bin , Zhao Wei , Wang Lulu , Chen Xingquan
Published: May 2024

Depression is a chronic, severe, and often life-threatening neurological disorder. It not only causes depression in patients and affects daily life but, in severe cases, may lead to suicidal behavior and have adverse effects on families and society. In recent years, it has been found that sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine have a rapid antidepressant effect on patients with treatment-resistant depression and can significantly reduce the suicidal tendencies of patients with major depressive disorder. Current studies suggest that ketamine may exert antidepressant effects by blocking NMDAR ion channels, but its anesthetic and psychotomimetic side effects limit its application. Here, we report efforts to design and synthesize a novel series of ketamine derivatives of NMDAR antagonists, among which compounds 23 and 24 have improved activity compared with ketamine, introducing a new direction for the development of rapid-acting antidepressant drugs.
Vehicle Occupant Detection Based on MM-Wave Radar
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Wenxu , Wang Hongzhi
Published: May 2024

With the continuous development of automotive intelligence, vehicle occupant detection technology has received increasing attention. Despite various types of research in this field, a simple, reliable, and highly private detection method is lacking. This paper proposes a method for vehicle occupant detection using millimeter-wave radar. Specifically, the paper outlines the system design for vehicle occupant detection using millimeter-wave radar. By collecting the raw signals of FMCW radar and applying Range-FFT and DoA estimation algorithms, a range–azimuth heatmap was generated, visually depicting the current status of people inside the vehicle. Furthermore, utilizing the collected range–azimuth heatmap of passengers, this paper integrates the Faster R-CNN deep learning networks with radar signal processing to identify passenger information. Finally, to test the performance of the detection method proposed in this article, an experimental verification was conducted in a car and the results were compared with those of traditional machine learning algorithms. The findings indicated that the method employed in this experiment achieves higher accuracy, reaching approximately 99%.
Utilizing a Hybrid Approach to Identify the Importance of Factors That Influence Consumer Decision-Making Behavior in Purchasing Sustainable Products
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei
Published: May 2024

Consumer decision-making behaviors play a pivotal role in the realm of purchasing sustainable products. It is crucial for businesses to understand the key factors that influence consumers’ choices in this context, especially if they aim to align with eco-friendly trends. Conventional methods are inadequate for accurately and successfully identifying the importance of factors that influence consumers’ decision-making behaviors in purchasing sustainable products and stem from a lack of holistic consideration. Conventional methods, like AHP, surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups, often do not fully consider the many aspects of consumer behavior related to sustainability. To address this gap, our study aims to (1) employ a hybrid approach, integrating conventional methods with cutting-edge machine-learning technology for predicting consumer’s decision-making behaviors in purchasing sustainable products; (2) demonstrate the practical application of this hybrid approach through the example of green furniture; and (3) provide a practical guide for identifying the importance of factors influencing consumers’ decision-making behaviors in purchasing sustainable products. This study will map out implications for the future of consumer decision-making behaviors in purchasing sustainable products. The hybrid approach to studying consumer decision making in sustainable product purchases, combining quantitative and AI methods. This methodology provides a comprehensive analysis of factors influencing environmentally friendly choices, fostering awareness and informed decision making. Businesses can use these insights to tailor strategies, enhance offerings, and meet the rising demand for sustainable products, contributing to environmentally responsible consumer behaviors and promoting economies of scale for sustainable products and innovation. This holistic understanding is crucial for creating a sustainable and socially responsible marketplace.
Râşid Halifeler Döneminde Müslüman ve Gayrimüslim Tüccarlar
Authors: Bayırkan Nihat
Published: May 2024

Râşid Halifeler döneminde İslam coğrafyasının genişlemesi, ticaretin daha büyük bir alana yayılmasına olanak sağladı. Bu geniş coğrafyada Müslüman, gayrimüslim ve köle gibi farklı sınıflardan tüccarlar bulunmaktaydı. Müslümanlardan bazılarının ticari geçmişi İslâm öncesi döneme kadar uzanırken, bazılarının da Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.) dönemine dayanmaktaydı. İdari görevler nedeniyle bu dönemde ticarete ara verenler olmuşsa da çoğunluğu geçmişten kalan ticari tecrübeleriyle bu mesleğe devam etmişti. Dönemin tüccarları arasında bulunan gayrimüslimlerin, Müslümanlarla yaptıkları anlaşmalar gereği ticari gelirlerinden uşûr vergisi alınmış ve böylece İslâm beldelerinde güven içerisinde ticaret yapmışlardı. Özellikle hilafetin merkezi Medine’de bulunan Medine Pazarı, Mısır’dan Kıptî tüccarların, Şâm ve Irak bölgelerinden Nabatî ve Rum tüccarların önemli uğrak yerlerinden biri olmuştu. Mevzubahis dönemin tüccar gruplarından biri olan kölelerin ticari işlerde istihdam edilmeleri, zamanla ticarette aktif hale gelmelerini ve özgürlüklerine kavuşmalarını sağlamıştı. Bu bağlamda makalede Râşid Halifeler dönemi ticari hayatında etkin olan Müslüman, gayrimüslim ve köle sınıfına mensup tüccarlar ve onların ticari faaliyetleri incelenerek bazı değerlendirmelere tâbi tutulmuştur.
Correlación entre el precio puesto en el puerto y la exportación de quinua peruana
Authors: Huacani Sucasaca Yudy , Mamani Mamani Jesús , Béjar Parra Bertha , De la Cruz Huanca Nelly Raquel , Paccara Cutipa Cristian
Published: May 2024

La investigación tuvo por finalidad explicar la correlación entre el precio puesto en el puerto y la exportación de la quinua peruana período 2020, por objetivos se determinó la correlación entre el precio puesto en el puerto y la exportación de quinua de las principales empresas exportadoras, la exportación de quinua hacia los principales mercados de países exportadores y la exportación de quinua según bloque económico. La metodología presenta un diseño con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, básica, correlacional, método deductivo y econométrico. Se utilizó los datos de la SUNAT del 2020 para el precio puesto en el puerto y las empresas exportadoras de quinua, mercados y bloque económico. Los resultados de la correlación de Pearson, Tau b de Kendall y Rho de Spearman se procesaron en el Software SPSS, obtuvieron valores significativos en el nivel del 0.01 en los tres estadísticos, aceptándose a la hipótesis alterna y rechazándose a la hipótesis nula. Se demostró fuerte correlación con significancia positiva entre el precio puesto en el puerto y la exportación de la quinua de las principales empresas exportadoras, los principales mercados de países exportadores y la exportación de la quinua según bloque económico. Se concluye, fortalecer y promocionar la exportación de quinua por ser producto originario del país.
Evaluación nutricional de snacks extruidos a base de tres variedades de quinua andina peruana
Authors: Delgado Laime María Del Carmen , Huaraca Aparco Rosa , Tapia Tadeo Fidelia , Cahuana Lipa Rocio , Anchari Oblitas Yuliza Francesca , Sota Cano Angela Fiorella
Published: May 2024

Los alimentos extruidos a base de cereales andinos contribuyen a satisfacer los requerimientos de nutrientes, proteínas y aminoácidos, acorde a los estándares de la FAO y poseen propiedades funcionales que contribuyen a la salud, aceptación y bienestar de los consumidores. El presente estudio evaluó las propiedades nutricionales y termales de snacks extruidos a base de brotes de quinua de tres variedades andinas del Perú, Junín blanco, Ccollana negra y Pasankalla. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un diseño descriptivo. La extrusión presentó un evento endotérmico con una variación media de la temperatura de descomposición de 154ºC y una entalpía endotérmica de 2.789 ?H(J/g). Los resultados mostraron que los extruidos tenían un perfil proteico equilibrado y bajo contenido de grasa, la tasa de expansión se redujo en snacks extruidos con altos niveles de digestibilidad proteica, altos contenidos nutricionales y disponibilidad de nutrientes, como los aminoácidos esenciales, que pueden desempeñar un papel fundamental en la reducción de la desnutrición crónica en la región andina. Sensorialmente la muestra extruida con Pasankalla presentó las mejores puntuaciones.
Supervisão de hábitos alimentares em grupos de animais com visão computacional em raspberry Pi
Authors: Tefili Diego , Hara Marcos Santos , Pês Beatriz dos Santos , Ribeiro Anderson Felipe Moreira , Wiezbicki Jayane , Lima Filho Nevton Cajé
Published: May 2024

A modernização do setor da pecuária no Brasil tem ocorrido de maneira intensa, de modo a buscar maior eficiência na produção em um menor intervalo de tempo. Nessa perspectiva, a análise do comportamento alimentar de indivíduos em rebanhos possui extrema importância, haja vista que alterações no padrão alimentar dos animais podem inferir sobre problemas sociais ou de saúde, causando perda na eficiência do processo de ganho de massa. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho de conclusão de curso teve como proposta, por parte dos estudantes do ensino médio técnico em Automação Industrial, desenvolver um protótipo que auxilie na identificação e controle dos comportamentos alimentares de suínos, a fim de realizar uma análise dos dados coletados e encontrar possíveis padrões. Para o desenvolvimento do projeto, as seguintes etapas foram realizadas: configuração da placa de desenvolvimento Raspberry Pi, aprendizagem do sistema Linux, estudo das bibliotecas de visão computacional OpenCV e TensorFlow, aprimoramento do código-base utilizado, redirecionando-o para os objetivos do trabalho e geração de relatórios. Com isso, concluiu-se que é possível realizar estudos sobre o comportamento alimentar de indivíduos a partir da visão computacional.
Contact Lens History, Contact Lens Types and Future of Contact Lens
Authors: Kuru Mutlu Hülya , Kaya Malik , Kırankabeş Armağan
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of technology, the use of different materials and device production for sharp vision has accelerated. One of the areas that benefit from developing technology is contact lens technology. In this study, the production-development stages of contact lenses, contact lens types, and materials used in production were investigated. The pros and cons of using lenses compared to glasses are stated. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the production types of contact lenses compared to each other were examined. In the last stage, studies and expectations for the future of contact lenses are discussed.
Escuela y memoria: transmisión intergeneracional de la Masacre de los Concejales en Puerto Rico, Caquetá, 2023
Authors:   , Penagos Medina Paula Julieth
Published: May 2024

La Masacre de los Concejales fue la primera masacre en contra de una corporación pública en el marco del conflicto armado interno colombiano. Ocurrió en Puerto Rico, Caquetá, territorio que ha sido duramente golpeado por la violencia armada y política y, por tal, este atentado ocupa un lugar destacado en la historia y memorias locales. Esta investigación se propone ilustrar las posibilidades de la escuela como vector de transmisión intergeneracional de memorias locales del pasado reciente colombiano, a través del estudio de caso de las herramientas e iniciativas mediante las que la Institución Educativa Sagrados Corazones promueve la vinculación de jóvenes de grado 11° a la memoria colectiva sobre la Masacre de los Concejales y, por otro lado, se busca analizar las formas en que operan en estos jóvenes estudiantes la construcción de sentidos sobre el acontecimiento en cuestión. En ese sentido, esta tesis parte de una metodología cualitativa, en la que se recurre a la historia oral, la revisión documental, las entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con distintos actores locales para lograr identificar la distintas memorias construidas sobre la Masacre, comprender los dispositivos pedagógicos y curriculares a través de los cuales la Institución Educativa Sagrados Corazones promueve la vinculación y socialización de la memoria colectiva sobre la Masacre en sus estudiantes de grado 11° y analizar los sentidos que estos jóvenes han construido sobre dicho acontecimiento. Este estudio es una invitación para que las escuelas colombianas asuman su responsabilidad y misión en la construcción de paz mediante la promoción de trabajos de la memoria del pasado reciente que permitan formar nuevas generaciones capaces y dispuestas a rechazar el uso de la violencia armada.