bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auto-Layering Wavelet Transfer to Remove the Circumstance Effect and Noise
Authors: Dai Pang Da , Zhang Yu Jun , Lu Chang Hua , Zhou Yi , Zhang Wei , Xiao Xue , Liu Jing , Wang Jing Li
Published: September 2013

The accuracy of visibility measurement from night light sources image is usually affected by the circumstance light and noise. This paper presents an auto-layering wavelet transfer method to remove the circumstance effect and noise simultaneously. Firstly, the light propagation through the fog at night condition is formulized, where the model and features of night image with circumstance effect and noise is given. Secondly, we propose to use multi-scale features of wavelet transfer to decompose the image to remove the circumstance effect and noise, where an auto-layering method is used based on the energy ratio of wavelet coefficients. Experiments show that our method is able to remove the circumstance effect and noise simultaneously and to adjust the decomposed layering number automatically. Our method is not only suitable for many wavelet functions, but also preserves the light sources as well as their glows in the digital images. The relative error of using db4 is 3.16%, and the relative error of using sym2 is 2.02%.
A New Way for Handwritten Numeral Recognition
Authors: Guan Bao Lin , Ba Li Deng
Published: September 2013

Handwritten numeral recognition method generally uses neural networks, the more prominent of these is BP neural network, but BP algorithm is easily get in a local minimum of the error-prone and causes slow oscillation and training , general solution for it is to optimize the structure of the algorithms first. Therefore, on the basis of the analysis of GA-BP algorithm, propose a method of making the appropriate operators of GA such as crossover and mutation probability, optimizing the weights and thresholds of BP Neural Network with the improved GA. At handwritten numeral recognition experiment, the results show that the method has faster convergence and more reliable stability, greatly improved BP neural network for learning and recognition rate.
Research of Logistics Public Information Platform Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Jiao Ya Bing
Published: September 2013

Logistics public information platform is an important part of logistics informationization is to provide public service platform, to the logistics industry is between logistics enterprise resource sharing, complementary advantages of the platform, and logistics supply chain organization and operation control of the central nervous. This paper mainly constructs the logistics public information platform based on Internet of things technology. Logistics public information platform is mainly composed of data management, service management, portal features and operational management of four subsystems. Service management subsystem is the core of this platform, release subscription service management module for the design. Logistics public information platform based on improving the efficiency of the logistics, reduce logistics cost for the purpose, in order to realize efficient across the enterprise logistics information exchange and sharing.
The Pricing and Charging of Cloud Computing SaaS
Authors: Sun Hong , Tu Qian Wei , Wang Xiao Wan , Zhang Jian Hong , Wu Qian Zhong , Qin Shou Wen
Published: September 2013

In this paper, different mathematics models are applied to research the reasonable pricing of the cloud computing software products on the SaaS platform and explore the sales price of the cloud computing software products with the maximum total profits. These information can be the reference for decision-makers to determine the pricing strategy. The aim of this paper is for the cloud computing company to provide the majority of users with the inexpensive and excellent softwares and services, which can make the company dominate the cloud computing market quickly, gain the huge profits in the sustainable development manner and consider the interests of the company, users and the society.Keywords: clouding computing, SaaS, pricing and charging, mathematical analysis
Iterative ADP Algorithm Convergence Proof in Time Delay Nonlinear System
Authors: Liu Yong
Published: September 2013

Time delay phenomenon of nonlinear system is the objective phenomenon exists in nature. Because the control inputs also contain time delays, the presence of the time delay makes the system current input and time delay input exist coupling. The derivative of the performance index function can not be directly derived display expressions of optimal control. Using the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) iterative algorithm to solve time delay equation, and the convergence proof is given. The optimal control law of the system can be obtained by the performance index function approximate solution.
SAR Image Segmentation Based on Maximum Variance Method and Morphology
Authors: Xiao Ming Xia
Published: September 2013

A new technique that combines maximum variance method and morphology was presented for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image segmentation in target detection. Firstly, using the first-order differential method to enhance the original image for highlighting edge details of the image; then using the maximum variance method to calculate the gray threshold and segment the image; lastly, the mathematical morphology was used to processing the segmented image, which could prominently improve the segmentation effects. Experiments show that this algorithm can obtain accurate segmentation results, and have a good effect on noise suppression, edge detail protection and operation time.
Sequences and Series of Functions on Fractal Space
Authors: Huang Feng Li , Chen Guang Sheng
Published: September 2013

In the paper, we define the convergence of sequences and series of functions on fractal space. Some properties for convergence of sequences and series of functions also are considered .
Digital Watermarking Payload Estimation Based on Human Visual System
Authors: Zhang Na Na , Mao Jia Fa , Yin Jing , Yang Xiao Fang
Published: September 2013

This paper proposes the estimation method for the maximum payload on spatial domain, concentrates on digital watermarking payload in the spatial domain image, on the constraint of perceptual invisibility research, the influence under the factors in Human Visual System. The maximum payload is influenced by the factors which include the size of image, the brightness masking, contrast masking and texture masking of the image. with such as noise visibility function visual model, gets the just noticeable different value to calculate the payload of the image, finally we get the watermarking payload, test and verify it with Matlab simulation experiments.
Super Plastic Deformation Behavior of the Commonly as-Extruded Mg-3Zn-1Al Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Sun Jian Hua , Gu Hai , Yuan Guo Ding
Published: September 2013

Super plastic behavior of the commonly as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Al (ZA31) magnesium alloy is investigated at temperatures ranging from 593 to 623K and strain rates ranging from 8×10-5 to 10-3s-1. The results show that the alloy exhibits excellent super plasticity and the maximum elongation-to-failure reaches 220.4%. The alloy also shows a high strain rate sensitivity exponent of 0.38. Microstructure observations suggest that grain boundary sliding (GBS) with cavity coordination makes a substantial contribution to the super plastic deformation.
The Design and Implement of Civil Air Defense Engineering Management System Based on GIS
Authors: Li Wei Te , Xu Xun Li , Qi Xiu Li , Xie Wen Bin , Qiu Guo Qin
Published: September 2013

Considering the requirement analysis，the thesis discusses and analyses the general design and function constitution of the civil air defense engineering management system. It adapts groupware GIS and Visual Studio platform by web interface to realize the system based on B/S model. The thesis detailedly analyses the design and implement of client layer, intermediate service layer and data layer. The system improves the shortage of the traditional civil air defense work, and realizes information office work.
Analysis on the Micro-Blog Effect in Tourism Management and Marketing under the Net Underground
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hui Hong Wei
Published: September 2013

The network marketing strategy is very important to the tourism enterprises development. In this individualized era, the micro-blog has been a new and effective medium platform, absolutely the tourism marketing strategy should also follow the tendency. In this paper, we has discussed the developing change of the tourism under the net background and the features and role of the micro-blog in tourism management. And then we proposed some effective ways to develop the network marketing strategy for the tourism and analysed the tendency of the modern tourism development.
An Empirical Study of Equity Agency Costs and R&D Intensity: Evidence from Listed Companies on the ChiNext
Authors: Zhang Su
Published: September 2013

Using a sample of companies listed on the Shenzhen ChiNext board between 2009 and 2011, this paper analyzes the effect of shareholding proportion for the controlling shareholder on the firms R&D investment intensity. I find that the relation between R&D intensity and the equity of de facto controller is U-shape. My findings support the agency conflict between majority and minority shareholders.
Stock Index Prediction and Analysis Based on GASA-SVM
Authors: Ma Li Zhe
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of stock index, eliminate of the blindness of parameters selection for support vector machine, a stock index prediction method combined the genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GASA) which integrated the parallel search of genetic algorithm with the probabilistic sudden jumping characteristics of simulated annealing algorithm, with support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. Using daily data of Shanghai stock index opening quotation which is normalization processed, the stock index prediction model based on GASA-SVM is established. Optimal parameter error penalty parameter c=1 and Gaussian kernel parameter g=1.625 are obtained. Compared the result with GA-SVM prediction model, the comparative analysis shows that GASA-SVM(MSE= 0.000191111) model prediction capabilities are superior to GA-SVM(MSE=0.000018825) prediction model. It can provide valuable references for the investors.
The Study of the Model of Site Selection for the Professional Team of Civil Air Defense
Authors: Li Wei Te , Xu Xun Li , Qiu Guo Qin , Liu Nan , Huang Yin
Published: September 2013

Site selection for the professional teams of civil air defense is an important part of layout of works for professional team of civil air defense. In this paper firstly analyze the main influencing factors of site selection. Then construct the model by the way of entropy method and multi-objective linear programming, which is optimized and solved by the Simulated annealing algorithm programming with Matlab. Finally we have an instance of civil air defense in a second category city to illuminate.
Negative Spillover Effects of Product-Harm Crisis on Category: Moderating Role of Crisis-Involvement
Authors: Wang Jue
Published: September 2013

Product-harm crisis can seriously hurt a firms performance, has a negative impact on entire category. However, do negative spillover effects on category differ when the characteristics of product-harm crisis are varied? To verify this question, we conducted a scenario-based experiment and found: The more severe product-harm crisis, the more negative spillover effects on category. High crisis information involvement would cause consumers more changes of category attitude. Meanwhile the impact of crisis severity on category spillover effects will be moderated by the crises-involvement. Based on these findings, we talk about their marketing practice values.
Review of Thyristor Junction Temperature Calculation Methods
Authors: Yang Guang Yuan , Li Xing Yuan , Hu Yong Yin , Li Kuan
Published: September 2013

The thyristor has been widely used in many fields since it has been invented, and has promoted the development of the DC transmission technology rapidly. The increasing temperature of its junction may cause serious hazards. Because of this, a variety of methods that can obtain the junction temperature has been summarized in this paper, such as the indirect measurement method, the direct measurement method, the equivalent thermal impedance network method and the numerical calculation method, etc. Summaries have been made in different occasions which these methods were applied. It also compared the advantages and disadvantages of each method and pointed out the developing trends and researching directions in the future.
The Development Strategy of Tourism Informatization in Small and Medium-Sized Cities
Authors: He Yu Rong , Lu Jian Hong , Zhu Hong Bing
Published: September 2013

Informatization is becoming the most dynamic driving factors in China's tourism industry. The paper takes the development of tourism informatization in small and medium-sized cities as the research object. The study shows that lacking of consciousness of tourism e-commerce and information talent, insufficient funds into tourism informatization construction, unified standard in various departments has become the bottleneck of tourism informatization construction. Finally, the paper provides some countermeasures to speed tourism informatization construction in small and medium-sized cities, including establishing related policies and regulations of tourism information, building a main framework of tourism information system which is controlled by the tourism authority, increasing capital investment, and intensifying the training of personnel.
Effects of Zinc and Aluminum Concentration on the Microstructure and Properties of ZA Series Mg Alloys
Authors: Sun Jian Hua , Gu Hai , Yuan Guo Ding
Published: September 2013

The microstructures of a series of high Zn magnesium alloys Mg-(7-11) Zn-(2-6) Al alloys were clarified, and effects of Zn and Al concentration about the ZA system alloys on the microstructure and properties were also investigated. For Mg-(7-11)Zn-4Al alloys with the Zn content increase, improved creep resistance is obtained due to block τ-Mg32(Al, Zn)49phase, with severe reduction in ultimate strength and ductility, and the best creep property is obtained with 11wt.% Zn concentration. However, a bit increasing Al content of Mg-9Zn-(2-6)Al alloys contributes to the improvement in the ambient and elevated-temperature yield strength, but seriously deteriorates the creep properties for the formation of lamellar φ-Al2Mg5Zn2eutectics or Mg51Zn20phase.
The Construction Enterprises Culture Building Based on Knowledge Management
Authors: Shen Liang Feng , Ma Chen Bo , Deng Xiao Lei
Published: September 2013

In this paper, on the basis of the role of construction enterprises culture, the modern connotation of enterprises culture under the perspective of knowledge management (KM) and the each other relations of enterprises culture & KM are comprehensively discussed, and points out the existing problems of construction enterprises culture and puts forward the construction thinking under the background of KM.
Study of the Microstructure of Industrial Residues and its Application in High Performance Concrete
Authors: Xu Li Bin , Feng Nai Qian , Tew Kia Hui
Published: September 2013

Along with the rapid development of China and its eye-catching economic take-off, industrial production has brought about increasingly enormous negative impact. Industrial residues (coal ash, iron-ore slag, phosphorous slag and ganister sand) have accumulated in large quantities, thus severely contaminating the environment and greatly restricting the sustainable economic development. This paper conducts research on microstructure of the industrial wastes that are massively applied in domestic architectural material industry, such as coal ash, (S95S105) slag powder, S75 phosphorous slag, micro-bead (ultra-fine coal ash) and the micro ganister sand so as to analyze its size distribution and particle appearance and introduce its functions and effect in concrete and other cement products.
The Research on the Heat Transfer Process of Low Temperature Hot Water Radiant Heating Phase Change Wallboard
Authors: Yan Quan Ying , Yue Li Hang , Huo Ran
Published: September 2013

In this paper, physical model and mathematical model of the hot water radiant heating phase change wallboard were built. The heat transfer process of wallboard was simulated to analyze different influencing factors and optimize the design of the hot water heating phase change wallboard. The research results can provide reference and basis to the optimization of low temperature hot water radiant heating phase change wallboard.
Porosity Formation after the Irradiation Termination of Laser
Authors: Hong Wang , Wang Ling Yun , Li Ri Sheng
Published: September 2013

Porosity is formed because of the keyhole collapse. The porosity formation is associated with the melt pool dynamics, the keyhole collapse and solidification processes. The objective of the paper is t to investigate porosity formation mechanisms and fluid flow in the melt pool using the volume of fluid method. The results indicate that the formation of porosity in continuous wave keyhole mode laser welding is associated to keyhole collapse, backfilling of liquid metal close the gas exit of the laser welding keyhole, surface tension of the gas/liquid interface play an important role in the backfilling downward to the keyhole right after laser beams left.Keywords: porosity; keyhole; collapse; welding; model
Mechanical Structure Strength Analysis of Field Refueling Tank Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zuo Yong Gang , Li Zhu Xin , Chen Jun , Yang Jing , Zhang Zhen
Published: September 2013

Mechanical structure strength analysis of field refueling tank is analyzed and simulated in this paper, A simple and effective mechanical dynamic model is proposed. Stress distribution graph and strain distribution graph of field refueling tank driving in emergency brake or off-road is studied, maximum stress point and maximum strain point is found, theoretical basis of optimization design for field refueling tank is provided.
Determination of the Competitive Ion Exchange Isotherms of Taurine and Glycine on D290 Resin by Inverse Method
Authors: Zhuang Shu Juan , Song Feng , Fu Zhong Jun
Published: September 2013

With the elution curves of glycine and taurine, the ion exchange isotherm parameters of glycine and taurine on D290 anion exchange resin are determined by the inverse method. In this work, with the multi-component competitive ion exchange isotherm and the equilibrium dispersion chromatographic model, the elution curves of glycine and taurine on D290 anionic fixed bed are fitted. The parameters of competitive isotherm are determined, Ktau is 2.55, Kgly is 1.65. The result s showed good agreement between the elute curves fitted by the model and the separation data which confirmed the validity of the model selected.Keywords-taurine; glycine;competitive isotherm;inverse method;
Preparation of Coherent La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 Thin Films on La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 Substrates
Authors: Gao Min , Liu Mei Lin
Published: September 2013

A sol-gel method combined with spin-coating process has been developed for deposition of nanostructured thin films of La0.85Sr0.15MnO3(LSM) on La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF) pellets. The quality of the LSM films depends sensitively on the solution chemistry and other processing parameters. It was found that the optimal molar ratio of citric acid to ethylene glycol and to metal ions is 4:16:1 for the LSM sol. An amount of ethylene glycol was added into initial LSM sol to adjust the viscosity and the best value tested was 1.62×10-2Pas. A more uniform LSM film can be obtained with a suitable heating rate during firing. Modification of LSCF with a thin film coating of LSM has potential to enhance both stability and electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction.
The Basic Research and Application on Hot Forming of High Strength Steel
Authors: Lu Fu Li , Song Ji Shun , Zhang Jian , Yan Xiu Ping
Published: September 2013

Taking the high-strength steel 22MnB5 as the research object, starting from the phase transformation and the performance of the sheet at high temperature, the impact of various process parameters on the part was studied, pressing the stringers with hot forming technology simultaneously. Using metallurgical microscope, hardness tester and universal tensile testing machine, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the parts were analysed. The result show that, under the selected process parameters, the microstructure of the workpiece is desired lath martensite, the hardness is above 450HV, the tensile strength is above 1450MPa, which meet the production requirements.
Fabrication of Strong Photoluminescent Carbon Nanodots and its Preliminary Application in Cell Imaging
Authors: Li Fan , Liu Chang Jun , Tian Feng , Yang Jian , Li Zhi Hong
Published: September 2013

Water-soluble fluorescent carbon nanodots (C-dots) with strong photoluminescence were synthesized on a large scale by a facile, one-step and mild pyrolytic route using ammonium citrate as carbon source. The as-prepared C-dots exhibited low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility and preeminent multicolor photoluminescent properties. Furthermore, the cellular internalization of the obtained C-dots was evaluated and the results reconfirmed the C-dots potentials for bioimaging.
Entity Simulation of Rectangle Preform for 3D Braided Composite Based on ANSYS
Authors: Yang Hui Yong , Zhou Xin Gui , Yu Jin Shan , Luo Zheng
Published: September 2013

According to the movement law of yarn carriers in the four-step braiding technique and the fixed grid method, a script file that calculates the space shape and location data of 3D braided rectangle preform is developed by the software matlab. Via the script file, a space grid diagram of yarns and a APDL file can be got. By calling the APDL file, the entity simulation diagram of 3D braided rectangle preform can be directly produced in the software ANSYS.
Preparation and Friction Performance of the Nano Ag-APS Single Molecular Self-Assembled Film
Authors: Guo Jun Hong , Cui Jin Feng , Li Shu Hui , Bao Xue Mei , Yao Xiang Ming , Jia Jun Hong , Yang Bao Ping
Published: September 2013

The Ag nanoparticles was prepared by reduction of silver nitrate with sodium citrate, and the APS monolayers was self-assembled with 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) on the monocrystalline silicon surface. Then, Ag/APS molecular self-assembled film was formed with Ag nanoparticles and APS membrane by liquid method. The chemical structure and morphology of the Ag nanoparticles and self-assembled film were investigated by AFM, XRS and IR. Meanwhile, the friction performances of self-assembled film was also investigated. The results shown that the Ag nanoparticle have the morphology of spherical particles with an average particle size of ca. 65 nm in diameter which were successful assembled on the surface of APS film and partially oxidized into Ag2O. The friction coefficient of the Ag-APS molecular self-assembled film has been decreased with the assembled time extened while the wear rate has improved.
Weibull Analysis of the Effect of Modified Aging Treatments on Fatigue Life of Cast Aluminium Alloy 354
Authors: Sainis Salil , Kalra Aakarshit , Babu G. Dinesh , Rao M. Nageswara
Published: September 2013

Cast aluminium alloy 354 has extensive applications in the automobile industry. Due to its attractive combination of mechanical properties and excellent castability, it is being used in production of automobile components like the compressor wheel for turbochargers. Performance of this component under fatigue loading conditions is a critical issue. The present study explores the possibility of improving the fatigue life of the component by bringing in process changes (i) adopting a two-step aging treatment in place of the normally used single step aging treatment (ii) adopting a lower artificial aging temperature (171°C) instead of the temperature normally used for artificial aging (188°C) while performing T61 treatment. In all cases Weibull analysis of fatigue test results was carried out. Weibull analysis of Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) values obtained after artificial aging at 171°C and 188°C was also carried out. Among the four variants of two-step aging treatment carried out, the one consisting of 100°C for 5 hours followed by 170°C for 5 hours was found to have the best characteristic fatigue life for the components. The modified T61 treatment where aging was carried out at 171°C instead of the normally used 188°C yielded better characteristic fatigue life as well as better Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS).
Output Voltage Control of PEM Fuel Cell Based on Neural Network
Authors: Ou Kai , Xuan Dong Ji , Wang Ting , Ren Shi Yi
Published: September 2013

The system of PEMFC is nonlinear, people who want to control the nonlinear system directly is hard to come true the goal they want.Characteristic of fuel cells polarization curve is determined by current vary,partial pressure of gasses (hydrogen and oxygen),working temperature,humidity of membrane and so on [. NARMA_L2 controller can transfer the nonlinear system into linear system by concealing the nonlinearities. And Neural networks have been applied successfully in the identification and control of dynamic systems. In this paper, the fuel cell model would be controlled by NAMRA_L2.
Destruction of EDTA by Bimetallic Al-Fe/O2 Process under Aqueous Room Temperature and Pressure Conditions
Authors: Liu Xin , Fan Jin Hong , Ma Lu Ming
Published: September 2013

Oxidative degradation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in aqueous solution at room temperature and pressure by the bimetallic Al-Fe/O2 process, which was verified by the addition of benzoic acid as ·OH scavenger and the detection of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, was investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of EDTA, TOC and TN could be about 98%, 77.5% and 43% respectively after 3h reaction when the initial pH was 5. The effects of initial pH, concentration of EDTA, mass ratio of Al0 and Fe0 and Al-Fe loading were also investigated. Significantly, the bimetallic Al-Fe process exhibited higher reactivity than monometallic Fe0/Al0 process for the degradation of EDTA when the mass ratio of Al0 and Fe0 ranged from 0.11 to 2.97.
Effect of Ecological Oils on the Quality of Materials of Hydraulic Pump Components
Authors: Majdan Radoslav , Tkáč Zdenko , Abrahám Rudolf , Stančík Bohuslav , Kureková Milena , Paulenka Radoslav
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the effect of three oil types on the quality of hydraulic pumps after testing on a special test bench. The quality of material of hydraulic pump components was evaluated on the basis of its wear. In the special test bench, hydraulic pumps were loaded by cyclic pressure with different oil types. There were tested a mineral oil-based liquid HV and two biodegradable types, i.e. a vegetable oil-based liquid HETG and polyalphaolefin oil-based liquid HEPR. The wear level of hydraulic pumps was evaluated on the basis of flow efficiency and the weight and roughness of internal components. Laboratory scales were used to measure the weight of hydraulic pump components. Results of measured roughness and weights ​​have been graphically compared. We noticed the most significant material wear on bearings and slide plates. The highest loss of weight was observed in the hydraulic pump tested with the ecological oil HETG. The highest loss of flow efficiency (7.3 %) was measured with the same oil type. This paper shows differences in the wear of hydraulic pumps after testing with different types of oils on the basis of selected methods of technical diagnostics.
Thermoset Composite on Basis of Recycled Rubber
Authors: Valášek Petr , Žarnovský Jozef , Müller Miroslav
Published: September 2013

The paper describes the mechanical qualities of thermoset – epoxy resin filled with recycled rubber in the form of micro-particles. Such an application of waste can be regarded as material usage which should be preferred to other ways of waste handling. Micro-particles of recycled rubber affect the mechanical qualities of polymer in which they are dispersed. The paper quantifies cohesive and adhesive properties of the filled epoxy resin. Filling polymers – thermosets with waste fillers saves costs, it does not burden the environment, and it is inexpensive. The results described in this paper can lead to enlarging the application areas of recycled rubbers. As the filler, recycled rubber gained by the process of an ecological disposal of tyres by Gumoeko, s.r.o. (private limited company) was used.
Study of the Impact of Synthetic Fluid on the Lifetime of Hydraulic Pump
Authors: Kosiba Ján , Hujo Ľubomír , Tulík Juraj , Rašo Milan
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with the lifetime test of a tractor hydraulic pump. The basic indicator of hydraulic pump lifetime is flow characteristics. This paper presents the results of the performance test of ecological hydraulic fluid. These results were subjected to statistical analysis. Based on these data, it is possible to express a minimum impact of ecological hydraulic fluid on hydraulic pump lifetime. The test was carried out in cooperation between the Department of Transport and Handling (Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra) and Slovnaft, a.s. (joint-stock company), and supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic – VEGA, ref. No 1/0857/12.
Zno Nanorod Synthesis via Controlled ZnO Seed Layer by Filtered Pulse Cathodic Vacuum Arc: Luminescence Enhancement
Authors: Deachana Anumut , Chu Paul K. , Boonyawan Dheerawan
Published: September 2013

A simple synthesis route to high-quality ZnO nanorod is reported, utilizing ZnO thin films grown by Filtered Pulse Cathodic Vacuum Arc (FPCVA) deposition as seed layers and continuous growth by hydrothermal method. Depending upon the FPCVA deposited conditions, implanted voltages, thickness and annealing temperature of ZnO seed layer, the surface morphology of the ZnO nanorod on ZnO film was noticeably different. The average diameters of the nanorod on Al substrates varied from about 131.99 ± 23.87 to 418.17 ±75.50 nm. The grown ZnO nanorod showed a high crystallinity with energy gap of 3.37 eV and low defect density confirmed by UV/VIS Spectrometer and photoluminescence spectrum (PL). Large-area growth, quasi-aligned and high quality indicates that the ZnO nanorods produced have potential application in field emission and optoelectronic devices.
Effect of Anodization Process on Morphology of Nickel Coating
Authors: Jadto Jameekorn , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Pratontep Sirapat , Eiad-Ua Apiluck
Published: September 2013

In this article we address the process perspective of anodization for fabrication of nickel coating materials. In this work, we also report the mechanical properties and morphology of coating materials with various parameters. We investigated the effect of temperature and plating time with 0.3 (A/cm3) of current density. Light microscopes, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Hardness tester were used to confirm morphology and hardness of target object, respectively. In general it was observed that anodization process also affected on properties of target object. The hardness of target object with anodization process will be increased in first period and slightly decreased with high temperature and longer plating time. The chemical etching treatment had an impact on the morphological features of the AAO templates lead to morphological features of nickel coating materials.
An Investigation on Structure and Morphology of Strontium Titanate Nanopowders Synthesized by Sol-Gel Combustion Method with Chitosan Solution Addition
Authors: Klaytae Thanawat , Thountom Sarawut
Published: September 2013

A sol-gel combustion method has been effectively used to prepare SrTiO3 nanopowders. The effect of chitosan solution content addition in sol-gel combustion method on microstructure and morphology of SrTiO3 powders was investigated by XRD and SEM. It was demonstrated that the addition of chitosan solution is beneficial to the homogenously distributed in powder products. The particle sizes of powders were found that they were a large amount of agglomerated with the structure feature of nearly spherical in shape and consisted of nano-sized crystallites, which indicated by SEM.
Influence of Propylene Carbonate as A Plasticizer in CMC-OA Based Biopolymer Electrolytes: Conductivity and Electrical Study
Authors: Ramlli Muhamad Amirullah , Chai M.N. , Isa M.I.N.
Published: September 2013

Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) doped with oleic acid (OA) and plasticized with propylene carbonate (PC) was successfully manufactured into thin film using solution cast technique. Impedance study shows the ionic conductivity falls into two region. With the addition of 5wt% of PC the ionic conductivity falls from 2.11x10-5S/cm to 2.00x10-7 S/cm. The highest conductivity gained at ambient temperature is 2.52x10-7 S/cm for sample CMC-OA-PC 10 wt. %. The system obeys the non-Debye dependence based on the dielectric and modulus study.
Ionic Conduction Behavior of CMC Based Green Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Isa M.I.N. , Samsudin A. S.
Published: September 2013

The present work deals with the findings on the ionic conduction behavior based on ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizer in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) – dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) for green polymer electrolytes (GPEs) that were prepared via solution casting technique. The highest ionic conductivity obtained for CMC-DTAB film was 7.72 x 10-4 S/cm and enhanced to 2.37 x 10-3 S/cm with addition 10wt. % of EC. The conductivity-temperature of GPEs system obeys the Arrhenius relation where the ionic conductivity increases with temperature. The temperature dependence of the power law exponent for plasticized CMC-DTAB based GPEs system follows the quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model for conduction mechanism.
Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of Na0.5CoO2
Authors: Namhongsa Wanatchaporn , Seetawan Tosawat , Muthitamongkol Pennapa , Thanachayanont Chanchana
Published: September 2013

The polycrystalline of sodium cobalt oxide (Na0.5CoO2) was synthesized by solid state reaction method and sintering method. The microstructure was composed of powder size and crystal structure. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity are measured. We found that the concentration of sodium ions sandwiched between two neighboring CoO2layers played a crucial role in transport properties. The results showed small particle size, single phase and orthorhombic structure. The Seebeck coefficient of Na0.5CoO2increased as the temperature increased. The electrical resistivity was decreased as temperature decreased from the range 300-500 K.
Effect of Sonication Time and Calcination Temperature on Physical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Synthesized via Sonochemical-Assisted Process
Authors: Kahattha Chokchai , Vittayakorn Naratip , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: September 2013

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were successfully synthesized via a sonochemical-assisted process using titanium isopropoxide as the titanium sources and calcination process at 300-500 °C. The effect of sonication time and heat treatment temperature on structural and nanostructure properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD and Raman results indicated that the crystalline of as-sonochemically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles corresponded to anatase phase of TiO2 after sonication for 30 mim. The high quality crystalline anatase phase and increasing of crystalline size can be obtained after calcinations process.
Efficeincy Improvement of Triphenylamine-Based Organic Dyes in DSSCs, An Effects of Linker Moiety
Authors: Chittratan Pakawat , Thanakit Prawonwan , Jarernboon Wirat , Phromyothin Darinee
Published: September 2013

Triphenylamine-base organic dyes were designed and investigated for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dye molecules consist of three parts, an electron-donor connected by the π-conjugated linker (benzene and thiophene) as an electron spacer and an acceptor/anchoring (cyanoacrylic acid). In this study, quantum chemical calculations were used to study the electronic properties, optical properties and density of electron in the linker of dye molecule by using the density functional theory. The results present that thiophene is the most appropriate to use as electron linker between triphenylamine donor and acrylic acceptor due to the wide of absorption band and π-conjugate bond effect on exhibiting red-shifted absorption spectra.
Environmental Treatment for Perfect Spray Photoresist Morphology and Analysis
Authors: Supadee Laddawan , Chatruprachewin Santi , Titiroongruang Wisut
Published: September 2013

A homogeneous photoresist for IC or read-write data storage head fabrication requires a certain flowing of the resist film on the topography surface for at least few micrometers, thus defining certain minimal resist viscosity for the remaining solvent concentration for spraying technique. The high photoresist solvent evaporates during flight (between spray nozzle and substrate) prevents the droplets from sticking to the substrate and causes a rough surface. The limitation of very low photoresist viscosity for micro droplets spraying is a drawback of the technique. Because of very low viscosity of spray coating resist, nitrogen in spray coating system will act as 2 functions. First is for spread photoresist to be micro droplets. In the same time nitrogen can dry the small droplet before locating to substrate and perform obstacle for UV exposure. The unsatisfied resist was protected UV light during exposure cause pattern deformation. The study was investigated the particles which always found on finished photoresist surface spraying, and aimed to find the solution to decrease or eliminate dry droplet. EDX identified element of the obstacle particles is photoresist. They are dry resist ball about 1 – 6 um size. The selected chemicals for the investigation to dilute or dissolve the resist ball, IPA, acetone and mixing solution between 70% IPA and 30% acetone. Acetone is most effective. The proper time for dissolve dry resist ball with slight photoresist degradation is 40 s, very short because of high vapor pressure of acetone at room temperature. There is a trade-off between resist surface smoothness and reflow characteristics. Final resist thickness with the acetone vaporization condition will be achieved 7.5 um as expectation with less corner coverage problem. SEM and AFM images were confirmed that morphology after acetone vapor exposure was improved. Surface roughness was reduced for 3 times to 8 nm with acetone vaporization environment. The end of this study was include on corrosion characterization for magnetic CoFe alloys underlying photoresist to explore the method to determine photoresist type in future manufacturing which necessary to run the process with sensitive material. With AZ4999 spray photoresist protection indicated corrosion rate of CoFe films was reduced for 100 times compare to bare films.
Effect of Sputtering Power on Physical Properties and Electrochromic Performance of Sputtered-WO3 Thin Films
Authors: Noonuruk Russameeruk , Paipitak K. , Horprathum Mati , Techitdheera Wicharn , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: September 2013

Tungsten oxide (WO3) electrochromic thin films were deposited onto F-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using DC sputtering of tungsten target in presence of oxygen and argon gas. As-deposited films were prepared with different sputtering power at 50 W, 100W and 200W. The effect of power on structural, surface morphology optical and electrochromic properties of the WO3 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The XRD results show that the crystalline of WO3 can be identified an orientation growth along (222) plane. The average grain size evaluated from SEM image is approximately 200 nm. The films deposited at power of 200 W exhibited better electrochromic properties with greatest optical modulation (∆T) value of ∆T = 31.2 % at l= 550 nm. The cyclic voltammograms (CV) of WO3 thin films evidently exhibited that the WO3 films prepared at power of 200 W displayed the superior electrochromic performance, compared to the others.
Microwave-Assisted Solution Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoelectric Ca3Co2O6 Powders
Authors: Kahatta Sagulthai , Chaiyo Nopsiri , Ruttanapun Chesta , Techitdheera Wicharn , Pecharapa Wisanu , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: September 2013

The microwave-assisted solution combustion synthesis was applied to the initial synthesizing of Ca3Co2O6powder using glycine as a fuel and nitrate as an oxidant. The as-synthesized powders were calcined at 700-1,000ºC for 4h. Product characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fuel-to-oxidizer molar ratio was found to affect the combustion reaction and character of the powder obtained. The phase composition of powder after calcination at various temperatures has shown that the formation of Ca3Co2O6occurs directly. The calcined powder possesses a rhombohedral crystal structure with an X-ray diffraction pattern that could be matched with the Ca3Co2O6JCPDS: 89-0629. This method is a simple way of synthesizing fine Ca3Co2O6powder with a low calcination temperature.
Investigation of a Biodegradable Polymer Electrolytes Based on Carboxy Methylcellulose and its Potential Application in Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Samsudin A. S. , Tham J.J.P. , Isa M.I.N.
Published: September 2013

The increasing interest in green energy storage materials for electrochemical devices with the development of polymer as electrolytes candidate has attracted great attention recently. It can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained besides environmental friendly. Due to this attention, the development of biodegradable polymer electrolytes (BPEs) has been accomplished in this work by incorporating various composition of dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) with carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) via solution casting method. The highest ionic conductivity of the BPEs obtained at room temperature is 7.72 x 10-4S cm-1. The solid-state battery were fabricated with the configuration of Zn + ZnSO4.7H2O | BPEs | MnO2for the highest conductivity. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the fabricated battery with the best performance is 1.33 V at ambient temperature. The performance of the battery at ambient and selected temperature is evaluated to ascertain the effective and viability of these BPEs in solid-state batteries.
Effect of Cu2+ on Ascorbic Acid - Methionine Pattern is Formed by the Reaction of Aroma Compounds
Authors: Peng Fan , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: September 2013

Using solid phase microextraction - Gas Chromatography - mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique to acid and methionine bad blood (ASA-Met) analysis of the reaction products, the influence of Cu2+ on the model reaction flavor compounds form effect. 27 flavour compounds thiophene, furan, pyrazine, sulfur and other compounds, were identified, including sulfur compounds, such as aliphatic cyclic sulfides, sulfide, thiophene, pyrazine as main components. Cu2+ was added to the reaction mode, on the one hand, sulfur-containing compounds yield increased significantly; on the other hand, increasing the thiophene, pyrazine compound types, yield increase.
Biological Evaluation of a Novel Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Antagonist with Anti-Hypertensive and Anti-Tumor Effects
Authors: Da Ya Jing , Chen Zhi Long
Published: September 2013

A novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonist, compound 1, N-butyryl-N-[(2'-(2, 5-dihydro-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) biphenyl-4-yl) methy-L-Valine was investigated by receptor-binding studies and vivo experiments in spontaneously hypertensive rats and renal hypertensive rats. Furthermore, treatment with compound 1 significantly inhibited the viability of human breast cancer cell line and promoted apoptosis of the cancer cells. The compound had the effects of anti-hypertension and anti-cancer, which suggested that this new compound could be considered as a candidate for both novel anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer agent.
Study on the Separation of Azeotrope of Tetrahydrofuran-Water Using a Combined Method of Extractive and General Distillation
Authors: Fan Zhi Dong , Zhang Xu Bin , Zhao Lu Yang , Cai Wang Feng , Wang Fu Min
Published: September 2013

As an important solvent, tetrahydrofuran has broad applications. Due to its process of production, water will be mixed into the product and should be removed. However, tetrahydrofuran will form a minimum boiling azeotrope with water, which has a boiling point of 63.4°C, so general distillation can not separate them. Common methods to solve this include extractive distillation, pressure swing distillation, azeotropic distillation, pervaporation and so on. In this experiment, we coupled extractive distillation and general distillation, selecting ethylene glycol as the extractant, and successfully dehydrated the azeotrope. The mass fraction of water is reduced from 18% to less than 500ppm,which matches the requirement.
Precipitation of Arsenic Containing Waste from a Tin Refining Process
Authors: Luo Zhong Qiu , Liu Yan Na , Zhang Zhao Shu , Xia Ju Pei
Published: September 2013

An industrial waste containing large amounts of arsenic (76.90wt %) was studied, which originated from a tin refining process. The As leachability in the waste determined with solid waste-extraction procedure for leaching toxicity horizontal vibration method (GB 5085.3) and the concentration of As in the leachate was 13.10 g/L after 16h of the leaching. The waste was treated using precipitation technology with lime. Addition of lime appeared to effectively reduce the concentration of arsenic in the leachate through the formation of a slightly soluble calcium-arsenic compound. Moreover, it is shown that the optimal amount of added CaO is 5 g per 10 g of waste, and the right pH environment should be over 12.00.
Study on Lognormal Distribution Characteristics of a Hydrothermal Gold Deposit Mineralization in Jiaodong Peninsula, China
Authors: Pei Dian Fei , Miao Sheng Jun , Huang Guan Lin , Chen Han
Published: September 2013

As one of the most important type of gold deposits, hydrothermal gold deposit has become the hot research area of mineral deposits at present and for a long time to come because of its great economic value and ore-prospecting potentials. Mathematical statistics on mineralization abundance, including grade and linear productivity, of a hydrothermal gold deposit in Jiaodong Peninsula, were done. The results show that mineralization abundance of the hydrothermal gold deposit follows lognormal distribution which is consistent with traditional research findings, which have academic significance for further studies on hydrothermal gold mineralization characteristics and deposition mechanism.
The Simulation Analysis of Coupled Stress Field of New Silicon Carbide Brick for Metallurgical Furnace
Authors: Huang Qiu Feng , Xu Guo Yuan
Published: September 2013

With the given the boundary and initial conditions, the analysis of internal thermal stress and mechanical stress field distribution was conducted on the special silicon carbide bricks for metallurgical furnace. By the simulation of ANSYS, the results show that a high temperature gradient and thermal stress in the special silicon carbide bricks, with great distortion of pipe within the bricks and a low level of mechanical stress, and the mutual offsetting between mechanical stress and thermal stress in some areas. Key words: metallurgy; new; silicon carbide; thermal stress; mechanical stress.