bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of vegetable derived fuels in diesel engine vehicles
Authors: TINAUT Francisco V. , MELGAR Andrés , BRICEŃO Yolanda , HORRILLO Alfonso
Published: July 2021

Alternative renewable fuels are more and more important due to increasing of oil prices, environmental concern (greenhouse and other pollutant gases) and, in some regions, their potential to help to conserve agricultural activity (previously aimed to food destination). For the case of vegetable oils several possibilities can be considered, such as mixtures of diesel fuel with both raw oil and oil-derived methyl-esters, where mixture proportions range between zero(pure diesel fuel) and 100% (pure alternative fuel). A third possibility is the use of mixtures of bio-ethanol (obtained om
sugar or starch crops) and diesel fuel (e-diesel). Detailed results are presented relative to sunflower methyl-ester performance in engines (test bench), car vehicles (European test cycle) and endurance road tests for car vehicles and urban buses. These results show a favourable trend in the use of sunflower oil derived fuels in terms of emissions, with minor deterioration of power and fuel consumption. The trend is even more favourable if other aspects are considered such as positive energy balance of methyl-esters, relative simplicity of the transformation process, compatibility with the present diesel engine and car technology, possibility to deliver the alternative fuel through established automotive fuels distribution networks, etc. The main results of the presented tests can be summarised as follows: The mixtures of sunflower oil methyl diesel and diesel fuel, and especially those with less than 20% of ester, present perfectly valid properties and characteristics for their use in diesel engines without the need of modification. The current specification for Diesel fuel, EN 590, allows the presence of up to 5% of methyl ester, while, according to the authors results, this amount could be increased without consequences up to 20%. The results in engine test rigs confirm the general trends or other results. There is a reduction of full load power and torque, due to a lower heating value methyl esters, in accordance with an increase in fuel consumption (up to 16% for pure
methyl ester). CO and HC are reduced for pure methyl ester and high contents of this, in spite of the fact that a moderate increase was observed for small contents of methyl ester at low engine rpm. NOx emissions show a very weak trend to increase as methyl ester content increases.
The results obtained in two passenger cars running a European Driving Cycle presented the same trends. The endurance test covered 80,000 km in a passenger car with a fuel containing 10% of sunflower methyl ester. No problem was detected in lubricant, injection valve choking, fuel consumption and fuel filters. All the results were in accordance with it is expected for the same car running with pure diesel fuel.
The effect of fuel properties on exhaust emissions from diesel passenger car
Authors: KOZAK Miłosław , MERKISZ Jerzy , BIELACZYC Piotr
Published: July 2021

The effect of diesel fuel sulphur content and cetane number on regulated emissions was investigated in a Euro III diesel passenger car. Experimental results indicated that fuel sulphur level had a significant impact on all regulated emission, especially on PM. Testing fuels of different ignition qualities showed that HC and CO emissions of high cetane number fuels were significantly lower than emissions of a low cetane number fuel. We also observed a little decrease in NOx emissions with an increase in the cetane number.
The processing of indicator diagrams with the use of the moving approximating objects
Authors: POLANOWSKI Stanisław
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the possibilities of the processing of indicator diagrams by means of the moving approximation objectsdeveloped by the author, which are based on the least squares method. The rules of creating the approximating objects withthe use of the spline knots have been discussed: glued, riveted and broken knots as well as multiple approximation. Byusing the example of the processing of indicator diagrams of the medium-speed marine engine, the quality of the mileageapproximation for a few types of the approximating objects has been compared. Some examples of curve smoothing and
determining of derivatives and separating the high-frequency noise and disturbances caused by gas channels have beenpresented as well.
Aircraft Diesel engines CENTURION 1,7 i 4,0
Authors: Fryś Andrzej
Published: July 2021

Contemporary land transportation including locomotives, trucks, buses, coaches as well as passenger cars are propelled with a diesel engine. Diesel engines are widely appplied in marine transportation and aviation. The article is a presentation of the history of development of aviation engines and a showcase of the JUMO and CENTURION engines.
Downsizing – a new direction of automobile engine development
Authors: BRZEŻAŃSKI Marek , ŚLIWIŃSKI Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

The European Automotive Industry is facing the challenge to reduce the CO2 emissions in the NEDC to 140 g/km in year 2008 and to 120 g/km in year 2010. In order to comply with those requirements, the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies is mandatory. Downsizing is a known way to reduce part load fuel consumption by combining significant displacement reduction with turbocharging, to achieve equivalent torque and power levels. The review of contemporary applied downsizing systems for combustion engines has been presented in article. The technical data of the chosen newest vehicles with downsizing systems have been also compared.
Issues related to adjustment of a spark ignition engine with exhaust gas recirculation
Authors: PIETRAS Dariusz , SOBIESZCZAŃSKI Maciej
Published: July 2021

The article presents results of a spark ignition engine examination, which has been conducted to establish the influence of exhaust gases recirculation on the engine performance and the toxic content in exhaust gases. The research concentrated on identifying a range of recirculation levels, which enabled to eliminate its negative influence on the engine performance by means of selecting an appropriate angle of advance. Further, the article discusses the engine examination procedures involving different recirculation control algorithms in the ECM chip. Finally, the article presents EURO II and EURO III tests, conducted on a vehicle/engine controlled by the above-mentioned software.
The analysis of spray parameters of fuels of different viscosity sprayed by a typical and rotary-swinging needle injectors
Authors: KUSZEWSKI Hubert , LEJDA Kazimierz , SZLACHTA Zygmunt
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the presented investigation was to determine the possibility of application of an injector with a rotaryswinging needle movement for spraying fuels with increased viscosity. An investigation of a typical injector has been performed as well, which made the investigation a comparative one. Diesel fuel, rape oil and mixture of rape oil and diesel fuel were used for the spraying process. The following parameters of macrostructure of the spray have been analyzed: the tip penetration, the cone angle and the area.
Deactivation of three-way catalytic converters and selected methods for investigating their efficiency
Authors: AMBROZIK Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The paper presents operating conditions and basic processes involved in the deactivation of three-way catalytic converters of exhaust gases. The methods of diagnosing three-way catalytic converters are characterised taking into account their differentiation into three groups. The research stand for catalytic converter tests is described. The results of investigations into the conversion of harmful components of exhaust gases are given in a graphic form. The catalytic converters experimented on are platinum-rhodium and palladium-rhodium, both new and aged ones.
RT-flex 60C Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: MAŃCZAK Jacek
Published: July 2021

Fundamental design issues for the new Sulzer RTA60C engine currently introduced by Wärtsila to the ship newbuilding market, the concept of electronic control – the RT-flex control applied on the mentioned engine – for fuel injection and exhaust valve actuation as well as the sequence of starting the two-stoke engine are covered in the present article1) .
Cytotoxicity test of 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) and 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells
Authors: Ummah Afin Aslihatul , Setyowati Laksmiari , Suardita Ketut
Published: July 2021

Background. Chlorhexidine gluconate is one of endodontic irrigants that has excellence capability to penetrate into dentin tubules and kill the pathogenic bacteria there. On the other hand, chlorhexidine gluconate has side effects to cause allergic reactions of the tissue and discoloration of the teeth. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp can be considered as a natural alternative irrigant that usually has a good tolerance to the body. Purpose. The aim of this study compared the cytotoxicity between 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp and 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells.  Methods. This study used experimental post-test only control group design. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp preliminary cytotoxicity tested in various concentrations. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp classified as a non-toxic concentration at 0,78%. Cytotoxicity of 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp compare with cytotoxicity of 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate using MTT assay method. Cytotoxicity of material can be seen from % of cell viability. Viable cell measured by the result of optical density that read by ELISA reader 620 nm. Result. 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp showed lower cytotoxicity than 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21fibroblast cells. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the study groups (P<0,05). Conclusion. 0,78% xanthone from mangosten pericarp showed lower cytotoxicity than 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells.
DIFFERENCES IN SURFACE HARDNESS OF BOVINE ENAMEL AFTER EXPOSURE OF THEOBROMINE, ALKALOID COCOA POD EXTRACT AND ACIDULATED PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE
Authors: Yuanita Tamara , Zubaidah Nanik , Ceren Jesica
Published: July 2021

Background: Acid diet could process demineralization on enamel surface. Process remineralization needed to prevent caries occurrence. The excessive fluorine usage could induce adverse side effects, therefore the development of natural resources such as theobromine and alkaloid cocoa extract as a remineralization is needed. Purpose: To discover the differences of bovine teeth enamel surface hardness after exposure to theobromine, alkaloid cocoa pod extract and acidulated phosphate fluoride. Method: Twenty-eight tooth crowns of bovine insisivus cut into the shape of the square then planted on the resin mold round shape and divided into four groups. The control group without treatment, the group I was exposed APF, the group II was exposed 1000 mg/L alkaloid cocoa pod extract, group III was exposed 200 mg/L Theobromine 200 mg/L. Surface hardness measured using Wolpert Wilson Vickers Microhardness Tool. Results: The group of theobromine produces the highest enamel surface hardness. The enamel surface hardness in alkaloid group of cocoa pod extract was higher compared to the APF group and the control group. Conclusion: The hardness surface of bovine tooth enamel after exposure to theobromine and alkaloid cocoa pod extract is harder than exposure to acidulated phosphate fluoride.
The inhibitory efficacy of flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia Mangostana Linn.) against Lactobacillus Acidophilus biofilm bacteria
Authors: Wahyu Ningrum Dyah Utari , Samadi Karlina , Saraswati Widya
Published: July 2021

Background: Lactobacillus takes role in the formation of dental plaque which is the main factor that cause dental caries. The bacteria take role in the metabolism of glucose in the mouth, producing organic acids which lower the pH in the oral cavity. This situation can lead to the formation of dental caries because these bacteria can form biofilm as a defense of microorganisms to antibiotics and the immune response. Mangosteen peel has active ingredients such as flavonoid that can be used to inhibit biofilm. The ability of flavonoid compounds in the phenol group can make the bacterial enzyme becomes inactive, causing the activity of glucosyltransferase enzyme that usually used by bacteria to synthesize sucrose in the medium becomes glucan. As a result, bacterial biofilm formation is inhibited because the amount of glucan as a medium of bacterial attachment is limited, but until now the effectivity dose of flavonoid from mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is has not known yet Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory efficacy of flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract against the formation of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterial biofilm. Methods: Bacteria that had been formed into biofilms was studied in two times treatment, one concentration reviewed by flavonoid from mangosteen peel extract and without reviewed by flavonoid from mangosteen peel extract. The treatment group was incubated at 37°C until day 8 since the first day incubated. The treatment group was washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 4 times and dried. The treatment group stained with 0.2 ml 0.1% crystal violet and 15 min incubation. The treatment group was rinsed with distilled water 3 times and then dried. Solvent DMSO 100% was added as much as 0.1 ml in each well. Microtiter plate was shaken for 1 minute and then placed in to the microplate reader and then the OD (Optical Density) can be read. Results: There were significant differences between the inhibitory efficacy of flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract against Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm bacteria, the control group and group treatments (p <0.05). Conclusion: Flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract with the concentration of 0.78% had inhibitory effect against Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm bacteria
Antioxidant Potential of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Ascorbic Acid, and Sodium Ascorbate in Solution and Gel Forms by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay
Authors: Dewaantari Virdah Dwi , Setyabudi Setyabudi , Ismiyatin Kun
Published: July 2021

Background: Free radicals are molecules without any electron pairs, unstable, and highly reactive. Antioxidants are needed to reduce free radicals. Antioxidants provide various benefits in dentistry as a preventive agent for caries, healing, bone formation, mouthwash, preventive and therapeutic cancer, and reduction of periodontal disease progressions. Additionally, research on antioxidants is still undergone due to the existence of free radical residues on bleached teeth. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), ascorbic acid (AA), and sodium ascorbate (SA) are ingridients that have antioxidant properties. Antioxidants can be in two forms solution and gel. Solutions have a higher substance releasing power than gel. Gel is extremely adhesive, so it does not flow easily. Meanwhile, solutions are rather unstable because it flows easily. Antioxidant activities were evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay method. Purpose: Analyzing through literature reviews the potential antioxidants of EGCG, AA, and SA in solution and gel forms by DPPH Assay. Reviews: There were eight journal articles used in this review. The first article described antioxidant solutions in which EGCG was higher than sodium ascorbate. The second article showed that antioxidant gel EGCG was lower than sodium ascorbate. The third journal explained that ascorbic acid was higher than sodium ascorbate both in solution and gel forms. The other articles provided some information about the antioxidant activity percentages of EGCG, SA, and AA in the forms of gel and solutions by DPPH assay. Conclusion: EGCG has a higher antioxidant activity than SA, but it is lower when compared to AA in both solution and gel forms by DPPH assay.
The Role of Epigallocathecin-3-gallate as an Antioxidant After Dental Bleaching on Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin Restoration
Authors: Al-Habsyi Syarifah Nadhira Assyafira , Ismiyatin Kun , Sampoerno Galih
Published: July 2021

Background: Tooth discoloration can be treated with dental bleaching using Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Dental bleaching may interfere with the shear bond strength of composite resins because the remaining free radicals can affect bonding polymerization. Epigallocatcehin-3-gallate (EGCG) as an antioxidant can neutralize the free radicals produced during bleaching process. Purpose: Analyze the role of EGCG antioxidants in increasing the shear bond strength of composite resin after bleaching.. Reviews: Of the seven journals included in this literature review, six journals reported significant difference, and one journal noted no significant difference in the shear bond strength of composite resin following the EGCG application. Conclusion: The use of EGCG can increase the shear bond strength value of post-bleaching composite resin restorations.
PID-Based Design of DC Motor Speed Control
Authors: Irhamni Irfan , Rulaningtyas Riries , Yunardi Riky Tri
Published: July 2021

DC motor is an easy-to-apply motor but has inconsistent speed due to the existing load. PID (Proportional Integral Differential) is one of the standard controllers of DC motors. This study aimed to know the PID controller's performance in controlling the speed of a DC motor. The results showed that the PID controller could improve the error and transient response of the system response generated from DC motor speed control. Based on the obtained system response data from testing and tuning the PID parameters in controlling the speed of a DC motor, the PID controller parameters can affect the rate of a DC motor on the setpoint of 500, 1000, 1500: Kp = 0.05, Ki = 0.0198, Kd = 0.05.
Arm Cycle Ergometer Electro-Mechanical System Design For Post-Stroke Medical Rehabilitation
Authors: Kristanto Yosua Hendra , Kawitana Welina Ratnayanti , Prijo Tri Anggono
Published: July 2021

This study was done to make the electro-mechanical arm ergometer cycle system used as post-stroke patient physiotherapy. The management system was expected to set the rotary frequency according to the therapeutic needs. To set the frequency of the rotation, the PID control with rotation sensor was used as feedback. The rotating sensor used consisted of the optocoupler and a rotary encoder. Based on the research that has been done, obtained constants of Kp = 0055, Ki and Kd = 2545 = 0.00005. Constants were selected because they were the most optimum constant trial and error method. The system is made to have a more significant percentage of error of 5%. In this study, the response time values obtained for each additional mass of the load at each frequency setting result are increased.
Hewan Intersisi di Pantai Takisung Kabupaten Tanah Laut
Authors: Himmah Nurul , Pertiwi Agustina Ambar
Published: July 2021

Intersection animals generally live on sandy shores or wet soil, living permanently by sticking, hiding away, and burrowing at the bottom of waters. The movement of intersection animals is limited to life in and at the bottom of the water, and is very sensitive to changes in the aquatic environment, so it can be used as a bioindicator of a waters. The aim of this research to identify the types and morphology of intersecting animals in Takisung Beach, Tanah Laut Regency. The study uses descriptive survey method with observation techniques for data collection. The research sample is an intersecting animal found in the research plot. The research plot was determined by the 6 point transect, distance of 5 m between points along 1,500 m. Data were analyzed exploratively using relevant libraries. The results showed that the intersection animals found consisted of 15 types namely: Aurelia aurita, Tachypleus tridentatus, Turritella communis, Cassis tuberosa, Oliva sayana, Murex trapa, Urosalpinx cinerea, Urosalpinx perrugata, Neritina violacea, Comarmondia gracilis, Cryptospira ventricosa, Erosaria miliaris, Anadra granosa, Paphia undulata, and Solen vaginalis.
Accounting for the faculty differentials in the production of PhD graduates in a South African university
Authors: Tanga M. , Megbowon F. , Nkonki V. , Rulashe T.
Published: July 2021

The ability of an institution to graduate students, also known as the throughput rate, is one of the most important means of an institution receiving a grant/ subsidy from the government. This article sought to interrogate the differentials in throughput rates of PhD graduates per faculty in a selected institution over a period of five years. Framed within the interpretive paradigm, a qualitative approach and a case study design were adopted. A non-probability purposive sample of 30 participants was selected the academic staff within the six faculties that make up the university under investigation. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically and using the constant comparison technique. The major findings pointed to differentials in PhD production across faculties as emanating from variations in supervision approaches as reflected in the recruitment and selection of candidates, students’ composition, allocation of supervision load, preparation and orientation of candidates, mentoring of both students and junior staff members, as well as monitoring and evaluation of students’ progress. The findings also revealed challenges like lack of financial support for students, poor structural set-up of some faculties as well as “positive” discrimination in some faculties. These factors constrained the throughput rates in different faculties differently, resulting to a difference in PhD graduate production. It is concluded that there are some quality concerns resulting from the poor processes and procedures as well as the number of graduates from some staff members. It is recommended that the university harmonise its diverse PhD processes and procedures, and enlarge some faculties by creating distinct departments to provide requisite support and interventions to narrow the differentials and improve quality.
Ohmic heating for polyphenol extraction from grape berries: an innovative prefermentary process
Authors: Junqua Rémy , Carullo Daniele , Ferrari Giovanna , Pataro Gianpiero , Ghidossi Rémy
Published: July 2021

High energy consumption is often required to increase the extraction of phenolic compounds from grapes during alcoholic fermentation. Processes such as thermovinification require significant temperature changes over a long period of time to ensure the diffusion of phenolic compounds from the grape skin layer to the must. In this study, the capability of the ohmic heating (OH) process (E = 55 V/cm, t = 60–90 s, T = 72 °C) to improve the extractability of valuable intracellular compounds from grape skins of Aglianico and Barbera grape matrices before the alcoholic fermentation stepAs similarly reported by Donsì et al. (2010), any tissue damage to grape skins occurring after the application of either conventional or ohmic heating was not found to influence the rate of fermentation. was investigated and compared with both untreated and conventional thermally (CH) treated (T = 72 °C, t = 90 s) samples. Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity were monitored during fermentation (10 days). In comparison to the conventional thermal treatment, the results showed that the phenolic compound content of musts was twice as high immediately after OH treatment. This process could drastically improve the classic prefermentary maceration (thermovinifications, cold macerations, etc.) time. In finished wines produced from the treated musts, the total polyphenolic content of OH wines was up to 17 % higher than that of CH wines, and 30 % higher than that of untreated wines. No differences in concentrations of total tannins and anthocyanins were observed between conventional and ohmic heated musts. However, an increase of 30 to 200 % for some aromatic esters was observed in wines from ohmic heated musts. Overall, the outcomes of this work proved that, in addition to the thermal effect, the moderate electric field (MEF) applied during ohmic heating has the potential to induce an instantaneous release of polyphenolic compounds due to the electroporation phenomenon of cell membranes, thus saving energy and reducing processing time.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGARUH KEBERHASILAN IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PADI DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Oktavianto Aspri Budi
Published: July 2021

Kebijakan publik sektor pertanian telah lama dibuat di Indonesia mengingat sebagian besar mata pencaharian masyarakat didasarkan pada sektor pertanian. Pertanian memiliki peran penting dalam menyediakan makanan dan bahan baku industri, berkontribusi terhadap produk domestik bruto (PDB), menghasilkan devisa, menyerap tenaga kerja, sumber pendapatan pertama bagi masyarakat pedesaan, penyedia bahan pakan dan bioenergi, dan mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca . Program Upaya Khusus (Upsus) untuk Produksi Beras di Kabupaten Banyumas diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan beras dan stabilitas harga. Faktor-faktor yang dianggap berpengaruh adalah respons kelompok sasaran, kemampuan organisasi pelaksana, dan daya dukung lingkungan. Untuk menganalisis dan menggambarkan besarnya pengaruh respon kelompok sasaran, kemampuan organisasi pelaksana, dan daya dukung lingkungan terhadap keberhasilan pelaksanaan program upaya khusus untuk meningkatkan produksi beras di kabupaten Banyumas, baik secara parsial maupun sebagai senyawa, pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian survei dengan 83 responden digunakan. Dari hasil penelitian dan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap respon kelompok sasaran, kemampuan organisasi pelaksana, dan daya dukung lingkungan terhadap keberhasilan pelaksanaan program upaya khusus untuk meningkatkan produksi beras dengan arah positif untuk pengukuran secara individu dan bersama-sama.
STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL (SPM) PENDIDIKAN DASAR (Kajian Total Quality Management Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Banjarnegara)
Authors: Yuniati Yuniati , Harsanto Bambang Tri , Rosyadi Slamet
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul “Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) Pendidikan Dasar (Kajian Tentang Total Quality Management Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Banjarnegara)”. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil ketercapaian SPM Pendidikan Dasar untuk SD di Kabupaten Banjarnegara yang masih tergolong rendah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu adanya penelitian mengenai upaya pemerintah terhadap ketercapaian SPM DIKDAS yang dikaji menggunakan teori Total Quality Management Hensler dan Brunell. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Total Quality Management pada SPM Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat indikator SPM DIKDAS yang memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan dan terdapat indikator SPM DIKDAS yang belum memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan. Respek terhadap setiap orang ditunjukkan dengan memberikan kesempatan kepada internal dan eksternal untuk memberikan ide dan ikutserta mengambil keputusan. Manajemen berdasarkan fakta dilaksanakan dengan prioritasi kebutuhan pelanggan berdasarkan data-data yang jelas. Perbaikan berkesinambungan dilaksanakan dengan melakukan perencanaan pemenuhan SPM DIKDAS dan upaya penyempurnaan pelayanan pendidikan dasar.
Measurement of Radius of a Metallic Ball Using Eddy Current Testing Based on Peak Frequency Difference Feature
Authors: Hu Gang , Huang Ruochen , Lu Mingyang , Zhou Lei , Yin Wuliang
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a linear eddy-current feature to determine the radius of a metallic ball in a non-contact manner. An electromagnetic eddy-current sensor with two coils is placed co-axially to the metal ball during measurement. It is well known that the distance between the sensor and test piece (i.e. lift-off) affects eddy-current signals. In this paper, it is found that the peak frequency feature of inductance spectrum is linear to the lift-off spacing between the centre of coil and ball. Besides, the slope of peak frequencies versus lift-offs is linked to the radius of ball. The radius of metallic balls is retrieved from the experimental and embedded analytical result of the slope. Measurements have been carried out on 6 metallic balls with different radii. The radius of the metallic ball can be retrieved with an error of less than 2 %.
Evaluasi Terapi Antihipertensi Pada Pasien Preeklampsia Berat di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Dr. Moewardi Periode Januari - Juni Tahun 2017
Authors: Kundarto Wisnu , Faizah Riskafiya Ni'matul
Published: July 2021

Preeklampsia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian ibu di Indonesia. Preeklampsia berat adalah sindrom klinis pada masa kehamilan (setelah kehamilan 20 minggu) yang ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan darah (≥160/110 mmHg) dan proteinuria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan obat antihipertensi pada pasien preeklampsia berat di instalasi rawat inap RSUD Dr. Moewardi periode Januari - Juni 2017 dilihat dari ketepatan obat, dosis, dan target tekanan darah dibandingkan dengan guideline The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif non eksperimental. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan teknik consecutive sampling dengan mencatat rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria. Efektivitas penggunaan obat antihipertensi dinilai dengan melihat ketepatan obat, dosis, dan target tekanan darah berdasarkan ACOG tahun 2013. Terdapat 76 rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria. Karakteristik pasien didominasi berusia 20-35 tahun (73,7%), multigravida (73,7%), serta usia kehamilan pada trimester III (96,1%). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan penggunaan obat antihipertensi yang diberikan adalah nifedipin (65,79%), metildopa (23,68%), dan kombinasi keduanya (10,53%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan obat antihipertensi sudah efektif ditinjau dari tepat obat, tepat dosis, dan sesuai target tekanan darah berdasarkan ACOG tahun 2013.
Pengaruh Media Kartu Tilik Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Pengelolaan Dagusibu Obat di Wilayah Jakarta Pusat Berdasarkan Home Pharmacy Care
Authors: Kurniawan Adin Hakim , Yusmaniar Yusmaniar , Fajri Purnama
Published: July 2021

Penyimpanan dan pembuangan obat kurang tepat menjadi masalah pengelolaan obat yang berdampak negatif pada kesehatan masyarakat. Hubungan perilaku negatif pada pengelolaan obat dirumah tangga, lebih cenderung berisiko bagi pasien dengan riwayat penyakit degeneratif dan polifarmasi. Kepedulian tenaga farmasi terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian untuk pasien penyakit degeneratif, diwujudkan dalam kegiatan home pharmacy care. Edukasi kesehatan melalui pemberian aplikator media kartu tilik merupakan segala upaya yang direncanakan dengan cara membantu mengatasi pasien dalam penataan pengelolaan dagusibu obat dirumah tangga. Tujuan pada penelitian yaitu menganalisis Pengaruh Kartu Tilik terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Dagusibu Obat pada masyarakat di wilayah Jakarta Pusat berdasarkan Home Pharmacy Care. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan sistem rancang penelitian crossectional. Teknik dalam pengambilan sampel Cluster random sampling. Analisis statistik menggunakan bivariat. Analisis inimenjelaskanadanya pengaruh yang signifikan media kartu tilik terhadap pengetahuan pengelolaan obat (p=0,024; OR 2,526); terhadap perilaku pengelolaan obat (p=0,031OR 2,865). Kesimpulan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna antara media kartu tilik terhadap pengetahuan dan perilaku pengelolaan Obat Dagusibu berdasarkan home pharmacy care.
Penelusuran dan Isolasi Fungi Tanah Muara Pelabuhan Besuki Serta Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATTCC 27853
Authors: Kibthiyyah Mariatul , Triatmoko Bawon , Nugraha Ari Satia
Published: July 2021

Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Terapi infeksi bakteri dengan antibiotik yang tidak tepat penggunaannya dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Penemuan antibiotik baru dapat berasal dari bahan alam, salah satunya fungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etil asetat hasil fermentasi fungi khamir tanah muara terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Isolasi fungi tanah dilakukan menggunakan media Potato dextrose Agar (PDA) dilarutkan dalam air laut. Proses tersebut menghasilkan 7 isolat fungi kemudian disebut IS-PB-A1, IS-PB-A2, IS-PB-A3, IS-PB-T1, IS-PB-T2, IS-PB-B1, IS-PB-B2. Semua isolat fungi memiliki potensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan uji antagonis. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri  dilanjutkan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi. Aktivitas antibakteri disajikan dalam bentuk persen penghambatan. Hasil uji antibakteri dari tujuh ekstrak konsentrasi 100 µg/mL menunjukkan persen penghambatan tertinggi dari kode IS-PB-A2 (84,7 ± 1,4%) dan terendah dari kode IS-PB-T2 (30,5 ± 3,3 %). Senyawa yang berperan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dalam penelitian ini belum bisa dipastikan sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.
Review: Profil Fitokimia dan Multipotensi dari Coleus amboinicus (Lour.)
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Astuti Puji , Wahyuono Subagus
Published: July 2021

Coleus amboinicus (Lour.) merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dan telah diteliti secara ekstensif serta dilaporkan di beberapa bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Penulisan review artikel ini didasarkan pada studi literatur tahun 1993 hingga tahun 2021, yang diperoleh dari database google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, dan lainnya. Tanaman ini merupakan tanaman semak aromatis, berbunga, namun jarang berbiji dan dapat diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Profil senyawa fitokimianya dapat digolongkan menjadi beberapa kelas yang berbeda seperti terpenoid, fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid dan tanin. Tanaman C. amboinicus (Lour.) kaya akan komponen fenolik seperti asam rosmarinat dan asam kafeat, dengan mayoritas komponen volatil utamanya yaitu karvakrol. Profil fitokimia C. amboinicus (Lour.) dapat bervariasi tergantung pada berbagai faktor, seperti lingkungan, keanekaragaman genetik, bagian tanaman yang digunakan, maupun metode dan proses ekstraksi. Potensi farmakologinya seperti antibakteri, antifungi, antioksidan, antikanker, antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemia, antimalaria serta laktagoga telah banyak dilaporkan. Selain itu, tanaman ini juga dimanfaatkan dalam kuliner serta sintesis biogenik senyawa nanopartikel. Eksplorasi dari tanaman C. amboinicus (Lour.) juga merambah kepada mikroorganisme endofitnya, dan dikaitkan dengan kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang potensial sebagai antibakteri, agen biokontrol serta produksi enzim selulase. Review artikel ini memberikan informasi terkait botani, fitokimia, farmakologi, sintesis biogenik, pemanfaatan lainnya serta eksplorasi mikroorganisme endofitnya. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber informasi untuk pengembangan potensi C. amboinicus (Lour.) yang semakin meluas.
Kesalahan Dalam Tafsir; Ideologis Dan Teologis
Authors: Dozan Wely , Turmuzi Muhamad
Published: July 2021

This paper intends to explain several reasons for misinterpretation. The dynamics of interpretation that occurred in the first century of the emergence of Islam occurred in at least three phases: the Prophet Muhammad, the companions, and the tabi'in. The prophet's interpretation of the Qur'anic verses was not carried out thoroughly, thus leaving some empty space for the next generation, namely the companions to understand and interpret verses that were not explained by the prophet. In subsequent periods, interpretation tended to ideology as was done by the Khawarij and al-Zamakhsyari groups in al-Kasysyāf's interpretation. First, the emergence of the interpretation of the Khawarij ideology (the group that left the ranks of 'Ali) stems from the giving of the stigma of being kafir for the perpetrators of grave sins. As a consequence they deny the existence of intercession for perpetrators of grave sins based on the verses of the al-Qur'an. Second, the interpretation of al-Zamakhsyari transparently represents Mu'tazilah in certain cases, especially verses that are theological in nature.
Hubungan antara Kecerdasan Emosional dengan Penyesuaian Diri Siswa Baru SMK
Authors: Ropiyah Ropiyah , Awalya Awalya
Published: July 2021

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Vocational High School New Students Self Adjustment. This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence with the adjustment of new students of class X SMK Negeri 1 Bulakamba Brebes. The sample in the study was 78 students. This study uses a quantitative approach. The results of the data analysis showed that the level of emotional intelligence of new vocational high school students was in the medium category and the level of self adjustment was in the medium category. There is a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and vocational high school new student self adjustment as indicated by the value (r) of 0.635 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. While the coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.4032, this shows that emotional intelligence contributes 40% to the adjustment of new vocational high school students, so it be concluded that the higher level of emotional intelligence, the higher level of self adjustment.

Keywords: Emotional Ntelligence, Self Adjustment, New Vocational High School Students
Layanan Informasi melalui Voluntary Counseling and Testing pada Kelompok Resiko Tinggi (Analisis Bimbingan Konseling Islam)
Authors: Fiana Anis Lud , Ismail Amrizarois , Maullasari Sri , Rohman Isa Aulia
Published: July 2021

Information Services through Voluntary Counseling and Testingfor High-Risk Groups (Islamic Counseling Guidance Analysis). Information services allow clients to receive and understand various information in various fields such as education, social, health, and others. The counseling program in the information service Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) aims to provide knowledge about maintaining health to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. Anyone can experience cases of contracting the HIV/AIDS virus, one of which is the high-risk group for sex men (MSM), transgender (TG), and people who inject drugs (PWID). This study aims to provide an analysis of the implementation of information services through VCT in the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission in high-risk groups. The design of this study used a descriptive qualitative method by taking samples from assisted groups in PKBI Semarang City. Information services in VCT contain the knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention. This study shows the effectiveness of information services provided by officers in the VCT process in preventing transmission of HIV/AIDS in the high-risk group to be analyzed using the Islamic counseling guidance model.
Keywords: Information Services, Voluntary Counseling, and Testing, HIV AIDS, High-Risk Groups
Theft Prevention With Rahat as an Effort to Protect Property in Pasaman, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Salma Salma , Jarudin Jarudin
Published: July 2021

This article aims to explore about rahat as an effort to protect property in Pasaman, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Stealing was a criminal act which threatened the perpetrator with severe punishment, imprisonment in Indonesia or hand-amputation in Islamic law. The punishment was not only to deter and punish the perpetrator but also to educate society not to make the same mistake. However, when the national and religious laws did not function efficiently, the people in Pasaman, West Sumatera, Indonesia protected their properties with rahat, the magical fence consisting of tayyibah (noble words) which prepared by the leader of Islamic traditional boarding school (pesantren). When a thief broke the fence, he may forget his initial intention to steal, feel being locked, or even sickened in to an unrecoverable illness. Rahat and its effects were announced in public, delivered mouth to mouth, and obeyed by the community. As the result, the people were prevented from taking other people’s possessions; the treasures of society were also well preserved. The type of the study was field research with a qualitative approach. The data was gathered by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The analysis was done descriptively by data reduction, display, and verification (drawing conclusion).
CHARACTERISTIC OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY CASSAVA STICK WITH THE SUBSTITUTION OF FERMENTED CASSAVA BAGASSE FLOUR
Authors: Zukryandry Zukryandry , Hidayat Beni , Shintawati Shintawati
Published: July 2021

Part of the cassava that can be used as a food product is usually starch and and the waste is cassava bagasse. Fermented cassava bagasse flour is a modified semi-solid fermentation product using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which has almost the same quality as modified cassava flour (mocaf), but fermented cassava bagasse flour has advantages compared to mocaf flour, namely high protein content and cheaper production costs. Fermented cassava bagasse flour has various functions which can be used as raw material for the manufacture of various processed products, one of which is cassava stick. The research objective was to see the formulation of fermented cassava bagasse flour to the sensory characteristics of the resulting cassava stick. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) including 5 treatment methods, namely cassava starch substituted by fermented cassava bagasse flour 5% (B1), 10% (B2), 15% (B3), 20% (B4) and 25% (B5), each treatment was repeated 3 times. Based on the sensory results, it was obtained that 15% (B3) fermented cassava bagasse flour substitution treatment was the best choice of cassava stick product by panelists. The results of the analysis of cassava stick products were hardness test 3,77 µ (kg / cm2) ; swelling ratio 18,33% ; moisture content 2,20% ; ash content 0,14% ; protein content 10,00% ; fat content 21,00% ; fiber content 0,17%; carbohydrate content 66,49% and total dietary fiber 21,24%.
EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN DERIVED FROM MAGGOT (BLACK SOLDIER FLY) WASTE AS EDIBLE COATING FOR RED GRAPES (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Selvina Ranti , Puspita Puspa Julistia , Prakoso Haryo Tejo , Priyono Priyono , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: July 2021

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) farming showed an increasing trend in the past 5 years. The production process generates a leftover, that is the exuviae which are still untapped. BSF exuviae contain chitin and chitosan which can be utilized in various fields, one of which is fruit preservatives. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) is known to have many benefits and has a content of vitamins A, B, C, and E but it has a short shelf life. The purpose of this study was to characterize chitosan from BSF exuviae and choose the best edible coating method to be applied to grapes to prolong the grape’s storage time. Characterization includes physical condition, percent solubility, degree of deacetylation, and yield of the chitosan. Then, edible coating tests were carried out with 2% acetic acid solvent followed by two different methods, namely dyeing method with 5, 10 and, 15 minutes immersion time and spray method with a chitosan solution concentration of 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2 %, and 2,5%. The results showed that chitosan extracted from BSF exuviae produced a physical appearance in the form of white brown powder with 55% solubility and a degree of deacetylation of 91,88%. The chitin yield is 16,2%, followed by the chitosan yield of 4,8%. The best edible coating method which can maintain the physical appearance of grapes and inhibiting fruit decayed was obtained by dipping method at a concentration of 2,5% for 10 minutes. Based on the overall observations, however, the results obtained from the dip and spray method were not significantly different.
OPTIMIZATION OF RESISTANT STARCH FROM BANANA FLOUR CV. MAS KIRANA OFF GRADE TO PRODUCE YOGURT PREBIOTIC
Authors: Sukasih, STP, MSi Ermi , Widaningrum NFN , Setyadjit NFN , Haliza Winda
Published: July 2021

The banana of CV. Mas Kirana off-grade can be processed into banana flour with high resistant starch content which functions as a prebiotic. This study aims to optimize the content of resistant starch (RS) type 3 in the produce of banana flour. Modified banana flour cv. Mas Kirana with highest RS content will then be used to substitute skim milk in making prebiotic banana yogurt and are analyzed for its sensory properties. Data were processed using design expert 11.0 with three factors, namely X1 (Lactic acid bacterial concentration (LAB), X2 (fermentation time), X3 (retrogradation time). The optimization result was 109 CFU/mL of lactic acid bacteria concentration, 24 hours of fermentation time, and 37,60 hours of retrogradation time. The resulting banana flour cv Mas Kirana has 83,95% of resistant starch, 29,24% of yield, 3,60 of logarithmic lactic acid bacteria, and 4,49 of pH value. Its application to the production of banana yoghurt prebiotic replacing 80% skim milk, was acceptable to panelists in terms of color, aroma, viscosity, taste, and overall acceptance.
ПРОБЛЕМА АКТИВИЗАЦИИ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Authors: БЕЛЬСКИЙ В. , ТРИГУБОВИЧ Л.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена особенностям инновационного развития Беларуси. Рассматриваются основные принципы инновационной политики Беларуси и проблемы, сдерживающие инновационную активность белорусской экономики.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ТРАНСФЕРТА ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: КЛИМЕНКО В. , ГУРСКИЙ В. , МАЗУРЕНКО О.
Published: July 2021

Раскрываются закономерности распространения новых технологических парадигм. Выявлены возможные риски использования стратегия «догоняющего развития». Установлены особенности экономической политики государства в сфере международных технологических трансфертов.
СУЩНОСТЬ КОНЦЕПЦИИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: СОЛОДОВНИКОВ С. , МАЗУРЕНКО О. , ШУТ В.
Published: July 2021

На основе анализа существующих точек зрения по проблеме влияния природно-географических условий на социальные процессы, раскрывается синергетический характер взаимодействия общества и его природного окружения. Выявлены и раскрыты характеристики концепции устойчивого развития: историчность, диалектичность, внутренняя социальная противоречивость.
Achieving high carrier density and high mobility in graphene using monolayer tungsten oxyselenide
Authors: Choi Min Sup , Nipane Ankur , Kim Brian , Ziffer Mark , Datta Ipshita , Borah Abhinandan , Jung Younghun , Kim Bumho , Rhodes Daniel , Jindal Apoorv , Lamport Zachary , Lee Myeongjin , Zangiabadi Amirali , Nair Maya , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Kymissis Ioannis , Pasupathy Abhay , Lipson Michal , Zhu Xiaoyang , Yoo Won Jong , Hone James , Teherani James
Published: July 2021

Highly doped graphene holds promise for next-generation electronic and photonic devices. However, chemical doping cannot be precisely controlled, and introduces external disorder that significantly diminishes the carrier mobility and therefore the graphene conductivity. Here, we show that monolayer tungsten oxyselenide (TOS) created by oxidation of WSe2 acts as an efficient and low-disorder hole-dopant for graphene. When the TOS is directly in contact with graphene, the induced hole density is 3 × 1013 cm-2 , and the room-temperature mobility is 2,000 cm2 /V·s, far exceeding that of chemically-doped graphene. Inserting WSe2 layers between the TOS and graphene tunes the induced hole density as well as reduces charge disorder such that the mobility exceeds 20,000 cm2 /V·s and reaches the limit set by acoustic phonon scattering, resulting in sheet resistance below 50 Ω/□. An electrostatic model based on work-function mismatch accurately describes the tuning of the carrier density with WSe2 interlayer thickness. These films show unparalleled performance as transparent conductors at telecommunication wavelengths, as shown by measurements of transmittance in thin films and insertion loss in photonic ring resonators. This work opens up new avenues in optoelectronics incorporating two-dimensional heterostructures including infrared transparent conductors, electro-phase modulators, and various junction devices.