bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaches to discourse
Authors: Flannery Mércia Regina Santana
Published: September 2018

Approaches to discourse, na qual a autora apresenta seis abordagem para a análise do discurso, detalhando a fundamentação teórica da cada uma, e exemplificando as respectivas metodologias com amostras de análises detalhadas. Trata-se de uma obra fundamental para os estudos linguísticos contemporâneos, que delineia as interconexões entre as diferentes abordagens discutidas. Além disso, a resenha salienta a importante contribuição de Deborah Schiffrin (que faleceu em julho de 2017) para a linguística.
Again and Again
Authors: Zaccaron Rafael
Published: September 2018

Using Swain’s (1985) output hypothesis as a basis, this article investigated the effect an immediate repeated oral task had on the performance of participants. Two groups of beginner learners of English as an additional language in Brazil performed a decision-making oral task in groups. Drawing from Lynch and MacLean’s (2001) carousel task, the learners changed groups and repeated the oral task in three successive cycles. A qualitative analysis of two learners’ oral production is discussed in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, their perception on the immediate repeated task is also examined.
O movimento identitário dos indígenas
Authors: Guerra Vania Maria Lescano , Ferrari Fabiana
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e problematizar, por meio da Análise do Discurso de origem francesa (CORACINI, 2007; PÊCHEUX, 1988) e de uma perspectiva discursivo-desconstrutiva e transdisciplinar, representações de/sobre sujeitos indígenas incluídos no mercado de trabalho produzidas na rede social Facebook. Partimos do pressuposto de que os discursos postados por indígenas e brancos acerca do indígena no mercado de trabalho estão a inscrever-se em um novo acontecimento discursivo: o cyberbullying. O corpus desta pesquisa reúne regularidades contidas em um recorte de publicações coletadas on-line (posts ou comentários), que estão/foram divulgadas na mídia Facebook, em 8 de novembro de 2012. O processo analítico se dá pelo método arqueogenealógico (FOUCAULT, 1990; 2007), entendendo que, a partir da materialidade, é possível compreender os sentidos, as regularidades enunciativas, as formações discursivas e os interdiscursos que ecoam na memória discursiva dos dizeres inscritos nesse ambiente virtual.
Erotic Začinka-Poem of the 17th Century
Authors: Tatarin Milovan
Published: September 2018

Paper focuses on a poem Mlad užežen u ljubavi, preserved in an early manuscript by Dubrovnikʼs merchant Miho Martellini, created before 1657. This is the most erotic začinka-poem of the 17th century, inspired by the so called cushion customs. The above mentioned poem is a part of a corpus created parallel with the official literary production, and its existence demonstrates the stratification of the 17th century literature, and marks the existence of thematically and stylistically pure folk literature, together with epics, epic poems, tragedies and tragicomedies. That sort of literature didnʼt have to change the readers, to instruct them in virtuous life, not even to give them some aesthetic pleasure. Its purpose was primarily entertainment.
Sharp estimates on the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of nonlinear elliptic operators via maximum principle
Authors: Della Pietra Francesco , di Blasio Giuseppina , Gavitone Nunzia
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we study optimal lower and upper bounds for functionals involving the first Dirichlet eigenvalue

λ
F

⁢

(
p
,
Ω
)

{\lambda_{F}(p,\Omega)}

of the anisotropic p-Laplacian,

1
<
p
<

+
∞

{1<p<+\infty}

. Our aim is to enhance, by means of the

𝒫

{\mathcal{P}}

-function method, how it is possible to get several sharp estimates for

λ
F

⁢

(
p
,
Ω
)

{\lambda_{F}(p,\Omega)}

in terms of several geometric quantities associated to the domain. The

𝒫

{\mathcal{P}}

-function method is based on a maximum principle for a suitable function involving the eigenfunction and its gradient.
Ostracologica
Authors: Gonis Nikolaos
Published: September 2018

The first three parts of this miscellany have their origins in the Nachlass of J.G. Tait (and partly of A.S. Hunt): editions and a series of critical notes. Other critical notes on O.Deissmann, dubious abbreviations and names occupy the other four parts.
Analysis of landslide effects along a road located in the Carpathian flysch
Authors: Kogut Janusz P. , Pilecka Elżbieta , Szwarkowski Dariusz
Published: September 2018

Landslides in the Carpathian flysch have a peculiar susceptibility to activation. This is due to the geological structure of the flysch. This study addresses analysing the effects of a landslide, particularly in regards to the operation of a transportation route that runs through the Carpathian flysch. The studies include both field work and laboratory testing of basic geotechnical parameters. The field work comprises surveys made by a terrestrial laser scanner. The study also includes a number of 2–D and 3–D numerical models. Subsequently, survey results and an analysis of the effects of landslide susceptibility and the behaviour of the road and terrain surface, due to the different loading conditions, are shown.
Radiometal-labeled anti-VCAM-1 nanobodies as molecular tracers for atherosclerosis – impact of radiochemistry on pharmacokinetics
Authors: Bala Gezim , Crauwels Maxine , Blykers Anneleen , Remory Isabel , Marschall Andrea L.J. , Dübel Stefan , Dumas Laurent , Broisat Alexis , Martin Charlotte , Ballet Steven , Cosyns Bernard , Caveliers Vicky , Devoogdt Nick , Xavier Catarina , Hernot Sophie
Published: September 2018

Radiolabeling of nanobodies with radiometals by chelation has the advantage of being simple, fast and easy to implement in clinical routine. In this study, we validated 68Ga/111In-labeled anti-VCAM-1 nanobodies as potential radiometal-based tracers for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. Both showed specific targeting of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice. Nevertheless, uptake in lesions and constitutively VCAM-1 expressing organs was lower than previously reported for the 99mTc-labeled analog. We further investigated the impact of different radiolabeling strategies on the in vivo biodistribution of nanobody-based tracers. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics between 68Ga-, 18F-, 111In- and 99mTc-labeled anti-VCAM-1 nanobodies showed highest specific uptake for 99mTc-nanobody at all time-points, followed by the 68Ga-, 111In- and 18F-labeled tracer. No correlation was found with the estimated number of radioisotopes per nanobody, and mimicking specific activity of other radiolabeling methods did not result in an analogous biodistribution. We also demonstrated specificity of the tracer using mice with a VCAM-1 knocked-down phenotype, while showing for the first time the in vivo visualization of a protein knock-down using intrabodies. Conclusively, the chosen radiochemistry does have an important impact on the biodistribution of nanobodies, in particular on the specific targeting, but differences are not purely due to the tracer’s specific activity.
Antecedents of Border Management Network in El Paso, Texas: An Exponential Random Graph Model
Authors: Yeo Jungwon
Published: September 2018

Despite the growing interest in interorganizational border management, relatively little is known about antecedents that drive such coordination efforts emerging in and around border regions. This case study uses exponential random graph models to test hypotheses about the antecedents of a border management coordination network in El Paso, Texas. The analysis demonstrates that actors tend to build tightly closed relationships through bonding and clustering, while also seeking cross-sectoral partnerships. In addition, actors tend to build ties with public organizations, and with organizations that represent regional interests/issues in the border management context. The research discusses the findings and offers some policy and administrative implications to enhance actor relationships within the border management network.
Achieving target levels for vascular risk parameters in Polish school-age children with type 1 diabetes – a single center study
Authors: Szadkowska Agnieszka , Michalak Arkadiusz , Chylińska-Frątczak Aneta , Baranowska-Jaźwiecka Anna , Koptas Marta , Pietrzak Iwona , Hogendorf Anna , Zmysłowska Agnieszka , Młynarski Wojciech , Mianowska Beata
Published: September 2018

Background

Therapeutic goals have been established to decrease the risk of long-term complications of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The effects of these guidelines should be constantly evaluated. Hence, the present study examines the frequency at which children with T1DM treated by one of the Polish reference centers complied with the therapeutic targets issued in 2014 by the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) and by the Diabetes Poland (PTD).

Methods

A retrospective analysis (years 2011–2014) was performed in patients with T1DM aged 6.5–18 years, with diabetes duration >12 months and no change of insulin regimen within 6 months. Collected data included insulin therapy regimen, weight, height, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level from the last hospitalization.

Results

The records of 447 patients (260 boys, 299 treated with insulin pump) were analyzed. All ISPAD goals were achieved by 123 (27.5%) patients, but only 43 (9.6%) met all PTD targets. Optimal HbA1c was achieved by 224 (50.1%) according to ISPAD criteria (HbA1c<7.5%) and by 87 (19.6%) patients according to PTD (HbA1c≤6.5%). Obesity was diagnosed in 11.6% of the patients; 19.7% of the patients were overweight. In logistic regression, patient age was the only independent predictor of failing to achieve complete T1DM control (p=0.001, OR=1.12 [1.05–1.23]) and optimal HbA1c (p=0.01, OR=1.1 [1.0–1.2]) according to ISPAD guidelines. Moreover, girls had a greater risk of failing body mass index (BMI) targets (PTD: p=0.002, OR=2.16; ISPAD: p=0.0001, OR=3.37) and LDL-C targets (p=0.005, OR=1.8) than boys.

Conclusions

Overall, control of vascular risk factors in Polish children with T1DM is unsatisfactory. While too few children are achieving the HbA1c target set by PTD, it is possible that such strict national target helps half of the Polish school-age patients achieve ISPAD-issued aim which is more liberal. High prevalence of overweight among children with T1DM warrants initiatives focused not only on glycemic control but also on motivation of patients to lead a healthy lifestyle.
Ciudadanos: The myth of neutrality
Authors: Serra Marcello , González Rayco
Published: September 2018

Ciudadanos is a new Spanish political party that, in the last two years, has won a position as an important force in Parliament. Among the distinctive characteristics of its discourse, the use of the neutral stands out, which the party uses to distance itself from old-style politics. This article analyzes the discursive strategy of Ciudadanos from its founding up through the present day, and uncovers the operations of ideological camouflage that it uses to construct its apparent neutrality. In this way, the article seeks to recover the spirit of the Barthesian mythological analyses, dedicated to unmasking contemporary myths.
Pediatric chronic pain and caregiver burden in a national survey
Authors: Datz Hannah , Tumin Dmitry , Miller Rebecca , Smith Timothy P. , Bhalla Tarun , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: September 2018

Background and aims

Caring for children with chronic pain incurs burdens of cost and time for families. We aimed to describe variation in caregiver burden among parents of adolescents with chronic pain who responded to a nationally-representative survey. Our secondary aim was to identify child and parent characteristics associated with increased caregiver burden.

Methods

We used de-identified, publicly-available data from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), designed to be representative of non-institutionalized children in the United States. We analyzed data for households where an adolescent age 12–17 years old was reported by a parent to have chronic pain. Outcomes included the parent’s time spent on the child’s health needs, reduced labor force participation, and out-of-pocket medical costs.

Results

Data on 1,711 adolescents were analyzed. For adolescents with chronic pain, 15% of parents reported spending at least 1 h/week on their child’s health care, 14% reported cutting back on paid work, and 36% reported spending ≥$500 on their child’s health care in the past 12 months. Adolescents’ general health status and extent of specialized health care needs predicted increased caregiver burden across the three measures. Conversely, no consistent differences in caregiver burden were noted according to demographic or socioeconomic characteristics.

Conclusions

Among adolescents with chronic pain identified on a nationally-representative survey, parents frequently reported reducing work participation and incurring out-of-pocket expenses in providing health care for their child. Caregiver burdens increased with indicators of greater medical complexity (e.g. presence of comorbidities, need for specialized health care) and poorer overall adolescent health status.

Implications

We add a national-level perspective to studies previously performed in clinical samples addressing caregiver burden in pediatric chronic pain. Initiatives to reduce the burden of caring for children with chronic pain, described in prior work, may be especially beneficial for families with adolescents whose chronic pain is accompanied by other health problems or requires coordination of care among multiple providers.
Spectra of Graphs Resulting from Various Graph Operations and Products: a Survey
Authors: Barik S. , Kalita D. , Pati S. , Sahoo G.
Published: September 2018

Let G be a graph on n vertices and A(G), L(G), and |L|(G) be the adjacency matrix, Laplacian matrix and signless Laplacian matrix of G, respectively. The paper is essentially a survey of known results about the spectra of the adjacency, Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrix of graphs resulting from various graph operations with special emphasis on corona and graph products. In most cases, we have described the eigenvalues of the resulting graphs along with an explicit description of the structure of the corresponding eigenvectors.
Effects of Maximum Particle Size on the Results of Hydrometer Tests on Soils
Authors: Kakuturu Sai P. , Xiao Ming , Kinzel Michael
Published: September 2018

Hydrometer tests (ASTM D422-63(2007), Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils) were conducted to determine particle size distribution (PSD) of soil particles smaller than 0.075 mm (fines). Test standards permit soils with particles larger than 0.075 mm to be tested. We investigated the effect of maximum particle size, Dmax, on the PSD of fines. Two possible effects of Dmax were hypothesized: one is that an increase in Dmax makes fines settle faster, as larger particles could collide and accelerate fines downward; the other is that an increase in Dmax makes fines settle slower, as larger particles may create upward flow relative to the downward movement of smaller particles. The goal of this research is to provide experimental evidence and understanding of the effect Dmax has on the PSD of fines, as such an effect is not currently considered in ASTM D422-63(2007). First, we tested eight samples of a natural soil (NS), each with a different Dmax: 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.425, 0.6, 1.18, 2.36, and 4.75 mm. These tests showed that an increase in Dmax resulted in an increase of percent finer values for particle sizes smaller than 0.075 mm, even though the PSDs of fines of all samples were the same. To verify this observation, we conducted tests on a ground silica (GS) that was much finer than the NS, following the same methodology. Tests on GS resulted in similar PSD curves, suggesting that different Dmax values made no significant difference on the settling of GS fines. A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to simulate sedimentation. It revealed that localized upward movement (upwash) by larger particles caused smaller particles to settle even more slowly. The research showed that particles larger than 75 μm could alter the PSD obtained from hydrometer testing. Such an effect depends on the PSD of fines, which is more obvious in soils with relatively larger particle sizes (such as NS) than those with relatively smaller particles (such as GS).
Analysis of Co-Flow Water Cavitation Peening of Al7075-T651 Alloy Using High-Speed Imaging and Surface Pitting Tests
Authors: Marcon Andrea , Melkote Shreyes N. , Yoda Minami , Sanders Daniel
Published: September 2018

It has been recently demonstrated that co-flow water cavitation peening introduces beneficial compressive residual stresses in aerospace materials. In this process, cavitation is produced in the shear layer between two concentric co-flowing water jets with a large velocity difference. Although prior studies have shown that material response is greatly influenced by the jet velocities and standoff distances used, no effort has been made to explain the observed trends by correlating the salient features of the cavitating flow with the resultant process performance. This article investigates the effect of jet velocities in co-flow water cavitation peening through high-speed imaging and surface-pitting tests on Al 7075-T651 alloy. High-speed imaging is used to determine the cavitation cloud width as a function of the inner and outer jet velocities. Results show that the observed increase in mass loss with inner jet velocity (Vin) is due to a corresponding increase in cloud width. The high-speed imaging results also highlight the trade-off between the cloud width and the cloud occurrence probability at different outer jet velocities Vout. While a lower Vout yields a larger cavitation cloud width, a higher outer flow velocity sustains the cavitation for a larger distance, resulting in more cavitation impacts on the material surface. As a result, for the range of inner jet velocities considered, an optimum value for the outer flow velocity (Vout = 11.0 m/s) is shown to exist, which is confirmed by mass loss and strip curvature measurements. Surface micropitting analysis is used to evaluate the cavitation intensities at different flow conditions. The combined pitting and high-speed imaging results explain why higher cavitation loads are produced at the optimum flow conditions of Vin = 150 m/s, Vout = 11.0 m/s, and sn = 45.
An Experimental Study and Parameters Optimization on Duplex Turning of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Yadav Ravindra Nath
Published: September 2018

The present article focuses on analyzing the cutting behavior of the duplex turning process for turn-cut machining of aerospace material, especially for titanium alloy. The experiments are conducted on a homemade setup that was mounted on a lathe machine. Each experiment was replicated twice to avoid variability, and a total of 31 experimental data are collected according to the Central Composite Rotating Design matrix. The feed rate, cutting velocity, and depth of cuts (primary and secondary) are taken as control parameters, while the average surface roughness, primary cutting force, and secondary cutting force are taken as response parameters. The experimental data are used to develop an empirical model using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The developed RSM model has been experimentally tested and used to generate the response surfaces for parametric studies. Finally, the responses are optimized using D-optimality criteria, and the optimal results are experimentally validated. The result shows that RSM models are well fitted with experimental values with percentage errors of 5.03, 4.77, and 4.87 % for the Fp, Fs, and Ra, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal cutting condition shows significant improvement in the responses, i.e., 4.22, 3.72, and 2.85 % for the Fp, Fs, and Ra, respectively.
Convergent Metabotropic Signaling Pathways Inhibit SK Channels to Promote Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus
Authors: Tigaret Cezar M. , Chamberlain Sophie E.L. , Sadowski Joseph H.L.P. , Hall Jeremy , Ashby Michael C. , Mellor Jack R.
Published: September 2018

Hebbian synaptic plasticity at hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses is tightly regulated by postsynaptic small conductance (SK) channels that restrict NMDA receptor activity. SK channels are themselves modulated by G-protein-coupled signaling pathways, but it is not clear under what conditions these are activated to enable synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R) and type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) signaling pathways, which are known to inhibit SK channels and thereby disinhibit NMDA receptors, converge to facilitate spine calcium transients during the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons of male rats. Furthermore, mGluR1 activation is required for LTP induced by reactivated place-cell firing patterns that occur in sharp-wave ripple events during rest or sleep. In contrast, M1R activation is required for LTP induced by place-cell firing patterns during exploration. Thus, we describe a common mechanism that enables synaptic plasticity during both encoding and consolidation of memories within hippocampal circuits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMemory ensembles in the hippocampus are formed during active exploration and consolidated during rest or sleep. These two distinct phases each require strengthening of synaptic connections by long-term potentiation (LTP). The neuronal activity patterns in each phase are very different, which makes it hard to map generalized rules for LTP induction onto both formation and consolidation phases. In this study, we show that inhibition of postsynaptic SK channels is a common necessary feature of LTP induction and that SK channel inhibition is achieved by separate but convergent metabotropic signaling pathways. Thus, we reveal a common mechanism for enabling LTP under distinct behavioral conditions.
“Homecoming”
Authors: Chapman Dale
Published: September 2018

The ecstatic reception that greeted Dexter Gordon upon his return to New York in 1976 stood in contrast to the air of pessimism that befell the city as it confronted the decade’s fiscal crisis. Many of the city’s problems derived from a systemic disinvestment in those communities made most vulnerable by the specter of municipal default. Nevertheless, during this period, New Yorkers viewed their city’s failings largely through the lens of cultural crisis. In this context, chapter 2 situates Gordon’s return in relation to more negative discourses about punk, disco, and contemporary popular music. The period provides us with a useful case study for understanding how arguments waged on the terrain of culture provide cover for strategies of fiscal austerity.
Jazz and the Right to the City
Authors: Chapman Dale
Published: September 2018

Chapter 5 takes up the case of the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency (SFRA) and its tumultuous relationship with San Francisco’s jazz community. In the late 1950s, under the pretext of urban renewal, the SFRA embarked upon a destructive three-decade initiative in the city’s Fillmore district that displaced tens of thousands of local residents, decimated the area’s small businesses, and dismantled the neighborhood’s cultural ecology. Proceeding from an analysis of California’s community redevelopment agencies, chapter 5 profiles the musical life of the Fillmore in the postwar era and chronicles the experience of those affected by urban redevelopment, including such figures as John “Jimbo” Edwards, owner of Jimbo’s Bop City, and Leola King, proprietor of numerous venues in the Fillmore.
Soldiering through Empire
Authors: Man Simeon
Published: September 2018

In the decades after World War II, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilian contractors across Asia and the Pacific found work through the U.S. military. Recently liberated from colonial rule, these workers were drawn to the opportunities the military offered and became active participants of the U.S. empire, most centrally during the U.S. war in Vietnam. Soldiering through Empire uncovers the little-known histories of Filipinos, South Koreans, and Asian Americans who fought in Vietnam, revealing how U.S. empire was sustained through overlapping projects of colonialism and race making. Through their military deployments, Man argues, these soldiers took part in the making of a new Pacific world—a decolonizing Pacific—in which the imperatives of U.S. empire collided with insurgent calls for decolonization, producing often surprising political alliances, imperial tactics of suppression, and new visions of radical democracy.
Working the Subempire
Authors: Man Simeon
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the Vietnam War through the lens of South Korea and the Philippines and their respective nation-building projects in the 1960s. It demonstrates how the two countries’ efforts to modernize their national economies dovetailed with and were dependent on their participation in the U.S. war. As the two governments mobilized their citizens for war, they generated discourses of gendered national belonging and racial intimacy with the Vietnamese that obscured their complicity with U.S. imperialism. The chapter further argues that the Vietnam War functioned as an engine of subempire for South Korea and the Philippines, that is, the relations of violence that were necessitated by the two countries’ incorporation into the capitalist world system. The chapter ends by examining the emergent counterpublics in South Korea and the Philippines that challenged their governments’ complicity in the war and their narrowed conception of citizenship and economic development.
Fighting “Gooks”
Authors: Man Simeon
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the social experiences of Asian Americans who fought in the Vietnam War. Their collective experience of being racialized as “gooks,” alongside the burgeoning movements for Third World liberation in the United States, drove many Asian American veterans to understand the violence of the war as an intrinsic part of the state-sanctioned violence faced by Asian American and other racialized communities in the United States. Asian American veterans came home from the war and became active participants in the Asian American movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The Spectacle of Empowering Girls and Women
Authors: Moeller Kathryn
Published: September 2018

Chapter 3 explores how and why poor girls and women become the means for ameliorating corporate crises and the broader problems of capitalism. It illustrates how two corporations embroiled in controversy, ExxonMobil and Goldman Sachs, reimagined themselves as benevolent yet strategic development actors committed to poor girls and women. The chapter examines how these corporations operate within the space of the Clinton Global Initiative to develop the concept of poverty as spectacle as a new way of thinking about the potential productivity of gendered, racialized, and classed regimes of representation of third world poverty and corporate benevolence that undergird the business of empowering girls and women.
Proving the Girl Effect
Authors: Moeller Kathryn
Published: September 2018

Chapter 5 examines the elaborate yet continually contested processes of attempting to prove the Girl Effect as a theory of social and economic change. It analyzes how the Nike Foundation funds, produces, and distributes knowledge predicated on a particular epistemological understanding of third world girls’ potential. The chapter demonstrates that this is a recursive process of knowledge production and educational intervention. On one level, this knowledge informs and is informed by the educational interventions funded by the foundation. On another level, the knowledge created about adolescent girls through its programming is universalized and disseminated to multiple audiences to promote girls’ economic value for development.
“America’s ‘Boat People’”
Authors: Loyd Jenna M. , Mountz Alison
Published: September 2018

Chapter 1 situates the development of the 1980 Refugee Act within the context of efforts to deter Haitian asylum seekers. The chapter argues that the exclusionary Haitian Program would plant the seeds of a racialized deterrence policy. The history this chapter traces shows how humanitarianism and deterrence are simultaneous and symbiotic. U.S. foreign policy manifests in humanitarian rescue and migration control. This chapter illustrates how the racialized construction of a dichotomous discourse of rescue versus deterrence, good versus bad migrant, and bona fide versus bogus refugee animates exclusionary migration practices and policies.
“Not a Prison”
Authors: Loyd Jenna M. , Mountz Alison
Published: September 2018

Chapter 3 examines how central Louisiana became the unlikely site for the Immigration and Naturalization Service’s first new long-term detention facility and hub for deportation. Faced with high unemployment following the collapse of the local lumber industry, the enterprising mayor of Oakdale spearheaded a campaign to secure the new federal facility. Simultaneously, the Department of Justice debated which agency was best suited to carry out the new mandate of long-term detention of noncitizens. The INS did not have the carceral experience of the Bureau of Prisons, but because migrant detention was not a criminal justice punishment, this imprisonment threatened to create legal liabilities for the government. These legal questions also informed jurisdictional conflict over where this new facility would be sited. Oakdale’s efforts were jeopardized as Associate Attorney General Rudolph Giuliani backed the proposal of the Bureau of Prisons to run migrant detention near one of its prisons in Oklahoma. The forceful backing of Louisiana politicians eventually won the facility for Oakdale.
Post-9/11 Policing
Authors: Loyd Jenna M. , Mountz Alison
Published: September 2018

This concluding chapter maps changes to detention and border enforcement policy immediately before and after September 11, 2001. It counters much contemporary scholarship that places 9/11 as a significant turning point in the securitization and criminalization of migrants and asylum seekers. While not denying the seismic securitization that followed the attacks, this chapter places these changes in historical context to show that the continued cycle of racialized and geopoliticized exclusions that had already been well rehearsed in U.S. border enforcement and immigration law and detention and deterrence policies and practices.
Introduction
Authors: De Lara Juan D.
Published: September 2018

HUMAN DESIRE FOR PROFIT AND CONSUMPTION is a powerful material force. For us to buy the things that we want—such as a new pair of jeans or the latest electronic gadget—public and private entrepreneurs, as the agents of capital, have to construct the social relations and spatial landscapes that enable consumer yearnings to become material realities....
The Spatial Politics of Southern California’s Logistics Regime
Authors: De Lara Juan D.
Published: September 2018

Chapter 3 claims that the same global economic changes that triggered capital flight away from Los Angeles and other U.S. cities beginning in the 1970s also provided economic opportunities for local private and public leaders to invest in transpacific trade corridors. This mix between the discourse of crisis and the material geographies of a shifting global capitalism set the stage for a new spatial politics that culminated in a regional development regime centered on logistics. Yet environmental and labor advocates answered by arguing that the market sometimes must be pushed—often screaming—into doing the right thing. By understanding these intersections—between the local and the global, the discursive and the material—we can glean a better understanding of how metropolitan space is produced.
Latinx Frontiers
Authors: De Lara Juan D.
Published: September 2018

In the final chapter, the book considers how the region’s emerging Latinx majority has confronted and transformed inland California’s old geographies of race and class. It examines how key elected leaders tied the region’s growing Latinx population to the national discourse on border enforcement and undocumented immigration. One result is that the growing Latinx population was racialized as suspect citizens within the broader policy debate about the United States–Mexico border. The chapter concludes by showing how social-movement organizations mobilized to transform local institutions.
Between the Front Lines
Authors: Hoof Florian
Published: September 2018

This chapter, by Florian Hoof, describes how the military utilized vocational training films in the 1910s and how producing, promoting, and selling such films turned into a profitable business model for filmmakers. It specifically looks at vocational training films produced by Frank Gilbreth for the U.S. Army in the context of the Great War. Due to the development of industrialized warfare, concepts from Gilbreth’s industrial work proved to be newly relevant for the military. Film addressed the problem of how to organize the transfer of complex topics in military training. The chapter sheds new light on the interrelations between film, the organizational culture of the military, and educational theory. Lastly, the utilization of film in the military is situated in the broader context of a film history on nontheatrical film.
From Wartime Instruction to Superpower Cinema
Authors: Tsika Noah
Published: September 2018

This chapter, by Noah Tsika, considers the U.S. military’s cultivation of documentary as a form of “useful cinema,” arguing that the institution’s emphasis on formal hybridity and pedagogic adaptability, far from being a neutral reflection of the contingencies of wartime, was, in fact, strategic—part of a broader attempt to naturalize the large-scale military and ensure its permanence. Even when the military identified them as timely documents designed to catalyze an Allied victory, many World War II training films were meant to last—to remain useful tools of the American military-industrial state, whether screened in conjunction with the public-education initiatives of local newspapers or excerpted for use in private manufacturing plants.
Framing the Bomb in the West
Authors: Courtney Susan
Published: September 2018

Focused on the period of atmospheric (above-ground) nuclear weapons testing in the continental United States, from 1945 to 1963, this chapter, written by Susan Courtney, does two things. First, it describes some of the basic conditions and infrastructure that shaped the proliferation of films of nuclear weapons tests, including the U.S. government’s secret military film studio dedicated to this work in the hills above Los Angeles, known as Lookout Mountain Air Force Station or Lookout Mountain Laboratory. Second, it turns to the representational legacy that resulted, which was by no means limited to films made by or for the military. More specifically, it considers how footage of atomic tests in New Mexico and at the Nevada Test Site helped to shape the filmic record of nuclear weapons—and popular cultural memory—by framing the bomb in the desert West, arguably the screen space of American exceptionalism.
“A Campaign of Truth”
Authors: Loukopoulou Katerina
Published: September 2018

This chapter, by Katarina Loukopoulou, discusses the Marshall Plan (MP) documentary films about Greece in the post–World War II geopolitical context. Drawing on archival research, it explores documentaries that propagated the beneficial impact on Greece of the U.S.-funded European Recovery Program (1948–52, widely known as “Marshall Plan”) both in terms of economic reconstruction and geopolitical stability. It then analyses the audio-visual rhetoric of two MP films about Greece—Victory at Thermopylae (1950) and Island Odyssey (1950)—in relation to the ideological context of the Greek Civil War (1945–49), during which U.S. military intervention played a decisive role. The chapter contributes to the growing literature about the MP publicity campaign and Cold War cultural propaganda.
Wattstax and the Transmedia Soul Economy
Authors: Glick Joshua
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on Wattstax (1973) and the different players involved with its creation. The film’s vérité-style footage of Stax artists and fans in the Los Angeles Coliseum, residents in the surrounding neighborhood, along with testimony from comedian Richard Pryor, constituted far more than a standard concert film. The documentary foregrounded a feedback loop between everyday black experience and cultural expression. Wattstax also served as the crucial pivot project for Wolper’s push toward minority subjects, Stax’s attempt to become a film studio, and numerous crew members’ personal efforts to advance their careers.
Roots/Routes of American Identity
Authors: Glick Joshua
Published: September 2018

Bicentennial events in Los Angeles spoke to black mayor Tom Bradley’s plan for shaping the city into a business-friendly, multicultural metropolis—a plan that would reach fruition in the next decade. This chapter looks at Wolper Productions’s principal role as architect of a patriotic culture of national commemoration. Without a cinematic record of early American history, the studio turned to “docudrama” as the solution to a narrative problem of documentary historiography. Combining the form and style of period fiction with the truth-telling charge of documentary, docudramas such as Sandburg’s Lincoln (1974) and I Will Fight No More Forever (1975) were a novel kind of prestige programming. Docudrama could command high ratings and claim the pedagogical intent of educating viewers. Wolper Productions made network series and specials on American Indians, African Americans, and eighteenth- and nineteenth-century political leaders, which culminated with the studio’s twelve-part miniseries Roots (1977).
Numbering Our Days in Los Angeles, USA
Authors: Glick Joshua
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers more resistant forms of national remembrance than those created for the bicentennial celebrations. As Hollywood docudrama incorporated minorities into a streamlined vision of the American social fabric, alternative films depicted a more contentious relationship between a historic present and past. This chapter argues for the persistence of filmmakers’ interest in documentary, even as they experimented with other media or blended fiction and nonfiction. Long-form films and photo-books by the collective Visual Communications (Wataridori: Birds of Passage [1974] and In Movement: A Pictorial History of Asian America [1977]), documentaries made from the collaboration between anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff and director Lynne Littman (Number Our Days [1976]), and the artisanal filmmaking of Charles Burnett (Killer of Sheep [1977]) presented more nuanced stories about the resilience of the city’s marginalized communities. Their work on Asian Americans in Little Tokyo, elderly Jews in Venice, and African Americans in Watts denounced national myths of bootstrap individualism and upward mobility, as well as industrial decentralization and uneven downtown redevelopment under the Bradley administration.
Beyond Hawai'i
Authors: Rosenthal Gregory
Published: September 2018

In the century from the death of Captain James Cook in 1779 to the rise of the sugar plantations in the 1870s, thousands of Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) men left Hawaiʻi to work on ships at sea and in nā ʻāina ʻē (foreign lands). Beyond Hawaiʻi tells the story of these forgotten indigenous migrant workers and their experiences of global capitalism. Each chapter tells a unique narrative of a different Pacific Ocean industry and those Hawaiian workers who traveled and toiled there: from sandalwood harvesting to whaling to guano mining to gold mining—in Hawaiʻi, California, the Arctic Ocean, China, and beyond. Using the writings of the workers themselves, published in nineteenth-century Hawaiian-language newspapers, Beyond Hawaiʻi argues that Native Hawaiian migrant workers and the global capitalist economy they served are essential to understanding how the world’s greatest ocean became a “Hawaiian Pacific World”—the world that Hawaiian labor made.
Make’s Dance
Authors: Rosenthal Gregory
Published: September 2018

Chapter two begins with the story of Make, a Native Hawaiian whale worker on an American ship in 1850. Make was just one of thousands of Hawaiian men who served on foreign whaling vessels in the nineteenth century. As a global whaling industry emerged in the period 1820 to 1860, transoceanic economic and ecological factors conditioned Hawaiian workers’ experiences of both whales and the ocean. Movement and mobility are key to understanding the “whale worlds” inhabited by both Hawaiian workers and migratory whales. Hawaiian migrant workers were modern-day “whale riders.” Their experiences of ocean space and ocean time were influenced not just by global economic and ecological forces, including the geographical distance of the commodity chain from production to consumption, but by the nature of the ocean itself. Our story continues by following the movement of workers from Hawaiʻi to New England and beyond; the movement of whales from feeding grounds to breeding grounds; and the movement of whale parts from sites of production to sites of consumption in the United States.
Epilogue
Authors: Rosenthal Gregory
Published: September 2018

This book’s epilogue considers how the story of the rise and fall of Hawaiʻi’s indigenous workers—and the diasporic, migratory nature of their experiences—revolutionizes what we think we know about the place of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific, and the place of the Pacific in the world. I also raise questions about what this story can contribute to twenty-first-century struggles over capitalism and colonialism in Hawaiʻi as well as across our globalizing world. The epilogue looks specifically at the twenty-first-century legacies of nineteenth-century practices and experiences of Hawaiian migrant labor, state labor discipline, indigenous land dispossession, policing and incarceration, and life in “perpetual diaspora.”
Junípero Serra: New Contexts and Emerging Interpretations
Authors: Hackel Steven W.
Published: September 2018

In the Introduction to the book, editor Steven W. Hackel provides an overview of the volume, a discussion of the themes and arguments pursued in the individual chapters, and the events surrounding the canonization of Junípero Serra in 2015.
Serra among the Faithful
Authors: Melvin Karen
Published: September 2018

As Karen Melvin shows in Chapter 6, the Fernandino missionaries, as those from the College of San Fernando were known, wore at least two hats: they proselytized among Indians who had not yet heard the gospel and they preached among Catholics in an attempt to encourage them to a more devoted religious practice. In her illuminating view of Serra’s work carrying out “popular missions,” Melvin captures the rhythm and goals of Serra’s work in the small villages and isolated towns of New Spain. This was a Serra who was familiar to legions of Catholics in his own day but one that is all but unknown today, as most people see him as exclusively a missionary to California Indians.
Junípero Serra’s Approach to the Native Peoples of the Californias
Authors: Beebe Rose Marie , Senkewicz Robert M.
Published: September 2018

As Rose Marie Beebe and Robert Senkewicz reveal in Chapter 8, Serra the missionary not only struggled with and against those around him but he battled with internal tensions and inconsistencies within his own policy prescriptions. Thus, Serra and his fellow missionaries were far more complicated figures than most scholars have acknowledged.
Between Worlds
Authors: Lewis Cynthia Neri
Published: September 2018

As Cynthia Lewis argues in Chapter 10, it was the Mexican artist, José de Páez, who Serra leaned on most to fill his missions with beautiful and edifying paintings. Through the patronage of the College of San Fernando, Serra, and other California missionaries, Páez’s works would eventually hang on the walls of many if not all of the early California missions.
Drift Politics
Authors: Ferrell Jeff
Published: September 2018

The chapter begins by exploring the experiential politics of drift. Considering concepts and practices like the flâneur and the Situationist dérive, the chapter argues that drift can produce an expanding realm of experiential politics that incorporates a critical, comparative exteriority. Given this, drifters are able—or are forced—to see beyond the certainty of any one situation. The chapter then outlines a collective politics of drift by considering such groups as Critical Mass, Food Not Bombs, and PublicAdCampaign, noting their success in creating a culture and cultural politics of drift. Next, the collective experience of “precarity” and the work of those who organize around this concept are explored, along with the politics of squatters, freelancers, and Occupy activists. The chapter concludes with a consideration of swarming as a form of collective drift politics.
Catching Out
Authors: Ferrell Jeff
Published: September 2018

This chapter investigates a contemporary drifter subculture—that of train hoppers and “gutter punks”—by way of the author’s own adventures with members of this subculture and with one gutter punk, Zeke, in particular. The narrative considers a constellation of essential gutter punk activities like “flying a sign” (panhandling), dumpster diving (trash picking), and hopping (boarding) freight trains as components of this drifter subculture. The chapter also explores the spatial organization of gutter punks through such practices as “sign- ins” (graffiti), and the temporal organization enforced by waiting. By the chapter’s end, Zeke and the author have made their way to the railroad yards and are in the process of “catching out”—hopping an outbound freight train.
Beneath the Slab
Authors: Ferrell Jeff
Published: September 2018

This chapter addresses method in a broad sense: as a way of orienting ourselves to the world around us. In this context, the chapter argues that the methods needed to make sense of a world adrift must embody uncertainty, ambiguity, and fragmentation if we are to avoid making drift into something it is not. Developing this sort of method, however, will require abandoning existing methods that are conceptualized as the solid, foundational slabs on which research is built. As fetishized exemplars of this slab-like approach, survey research and statistical analysis are particularly inappropriate for understanding a contemporary world of drift and drifters. Instead, the chapter suggests that we revisit early ethnographic research in sociology and related fields, and the long tradition of documentary photography and photodocumentary work, both of which embraced more fluid and less formalized methodological approaches.
Words, Music, and Dance in Archaic Lyric and Classical Tragedy
Authors: Weiss Naomi A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides a backdrop for Euripides’s experimentation with mousikē in his later plays by surveying the range of musical and choreographic effects in both earlier tragedy and archaic choral lyric. It focuses on the process of “imaginative suggestion,” a term Weiss uses to refer to the way the verbal part of a choral performance can encourage the audience to experience the music and dance in a particular way. Aeschylus and Sophocles make extensive use of “metamusical” language in their plays, so we should not see Euripides’s late work as a radical departure from earlier presentations of mousikē on the tragic stage. These plays are nevertheless musically different as a result of his subtle and innovative reworking of traditional choral forms.