bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATİCAL APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF BUSİNESS AND BUSİNESS ECONOMİCS; AS A MATHEMATİCİAN
Authors: GÜZEY Sevim Yegül
Published: December 2021

İşletme ekonomisi ilmi, ekonomik bünyeler içinde birer varlık olan ihtiyaçların giderilmesinde bir fiil vazife olan işletme adını verdiğimiz birliktir. Aynı kökten gelen iktisat aynı amaca hizmet eden ve görüş açısı bakımından ayrılan
ancak bir yandan da birbirlerini destekleyen işletmelerin ekonomik bir şekilde işletilmesiyle bütün sistemin ekonomik şekilde işletilmesinin mümkün olacağı ve genel refahın artacağıdır. İşletme ekonomisinin hedefi olan ekonomikliği
temin etmektir. Yani en az zaman, kuvvet, sermaye, malzeme ve emek ile yarar sağlamak. Bu bağlamda pratik olaylardan, işletme hayatıyla ilgili kanunlar, prensipler, esaslar ve sistemler tespitine pratik hayatta tatbik edilebilecek
yöntemler bulmaya çalışan bir bilgi düzenlemesi olan ekonomi ilminin matematikle olan ilişkisi matematiksel matematiğin ekonomide getirdiği kolaylık yenilikler net sonuçların nasıl değerlendirileceği, matematiksel yaklaşma ve nicel
tekniklerin kullanılması düşünce tarzı ve evrensel bir bilim olan matematik biliminin tüm bilimlerin temeli ve kaynağı olduğunu bu çalışmada incelenecektir.
EVALUATİON OF DOCTOR MILASLI ISMAIL HAKKI’S ARTİCLE “ISLÂH-I HURÛF MESʼELESİ” IN SEBÎLÜRREŞÂT
Authors: TATAROĞLU Selçuk
Published: December 2021

Tanzimat döneminde başlayan ve 1908’den sonra zirveye çıkan tartışmalardan bir tanesi harflerin ıslahı fikri olmuştur. Bu fikri savunan kişilerin başında Doktor Milaslı İsmail Hakkı gelmektedir. Asıl mesleği hekimlik olan Milaslı İsmail
Hakkı, harflerin ıslahı fikrini savunmak amacıyla Teceddüt adlı gazeteyi kendi imkanlarıyla çıkarmış; kitaplar ve makaleler yayımlamıştır. Doktor, hem eserleriyle hem de kurulmasına vesile olduğu Islah-ı Huruf Cemiyeti, Tamam-i
Maarif ve Islah-ı Huruf Cemiyeti, Yeni Yazı Öğretme Derneği gibi sivil toplum kuruluşlarıyla bir kamuoyu oluşturmuş ve bu kamuoyu meyvesini Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın başlangıcında vermiş, Enver Paşa harflerin ıslahı fikrini askeri
alanda hayata geçirmiştir. Doktor Milaslı İsmail Hakkı’nın Arap harflerin ıslahıyla ilgili neşrettiği yazılardan bir tanesi de ıslah-ı huruf meselesi adlı makalesidir. Yazar bu makalede; Arap harflerinin kesinlikle bırakılmaması
gerektiğini ancak harflerin bilimsel çerçevede yeniden değerlendirilip ıslah edilmesi gerektiğini belirtmektedir.
CALLIGRAPHİC ELEMENTS IN THE WORKS OF PAINTER JOAN MITCHELL
Authors: ATALAY Mustafa Cevat
Published: December 2021

Sanatçı ressamlar, kişisel üsluplarını yaratımlarına aktarırlar. Resim estetiği, bakımından, soyut dışavurumcu yaklaşımın uygulanışında, Joan Mitchell’ın eserleri birçok bağlamda avangart eserler kapsamında değerlendirilir ve New York
Sanat okulunun başarılı bir sanatçısı olarak oldukça öznel bir ifade dilini yaratmıştır. Bu makalede, Sanatçı Joan Mitchell’in eserlerindeki kaligrafik esinlenmeler literatür bakımından incelenmiştir. Soyut Dışavurumcu akım kapsamında,
doğa kaynaklı çizgi ve rengi jestüel bir yolla yüzeye, damlatarak sıçratarak, çizerek aktaran, kuramı ile sentezleyen sanatçı özgün bir yüzey oluşturmuştur. Oldukça büyük tuval tercihleri ile yetinmeyerek özgün baskı resmi alanında
da çok sayıda üretim yapmış, litografi tekniği ile çok sayıda eser üretmiştir. Sanat hayatına Amerika’da başlayan sanatçı ileriki yaşlarında Fransa’ya yerleşerek Monet’in de tercih ettiği doğal ortamda resimlerini üretmiştir. Sanatçı
açtığı sergiler, üretkenliği ve özgün bir soyut dışavurum sentezcisi olması nedeni ile erkek egemen bir sanat dünyasında büyük başarı kazanarak soyut dışavurum çizgide önemli bir yere sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, sanatçının esin kaynağının
doğa ve içinden özellikle bitki ve ağaçlara odaklanarak bunları soyut dışavurumcu bir ifade ile jestüel eylemlilik içinde şiirsel bir dil oluşturacak biçimde eserlerine yansıtmıştır. Sanatçının eserlerindeki jestüel ifadeler çarpıcı
bir gerilime sahiptir. Çizgi, biçim dilinin en önemli elemanıdır. Müziksel anlatım renk kurulumlarının dinamik yapılarında duyumsanır. New York Okulunun anlayışına dair birçok etkiler sanatçının eserlerine kaçınılmaz olarak olmuştur.
Bunların başlıcaları J. Pollock ‘un eylemliliğine bağlı resimsel etkileri ve W. de Kooning’in çizgi leke anlayışıdır. Bunun yanında C. Monet resimlerinden mavi rengi, Vincent van Gogh resimlerinden duyguların, çizgi ve renk ile
aktarılmasından esinlendiği söylenebilir.
EXAMINATION OF PİTCH PRESSİNG CHARACTERISTICS IN NİYAZİ SAYIN’S NEY MANNER, SPECIFIC TO THE MEŞK SUCCESSION (SAMPLE OF NİYAZİ SAYIN, M. SADREDDİN ÖZÇİMİ AND YASİN ÖZÇİMİ)
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Lokman , TURABİ Ahmet Hakkı
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Niyazi Sayın’ın ney tavrındaki perde baskılarının, meşk silsilesi özelinde, dijital programlar yardımı ile tespit etmek, kayıt altına almak, nesilden nesile geçişteki benzer ve farklı yönlerini belirlemektir.
Bununla birlikte Türk müziğindeki ney icrasında çok önemli bir yer tutan bu tavırdaki perde baskılarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla; Niyazi Sayın’ın 1981 yılında Toronto’da refakatiz bir şekilde icra ettiği acemaşiran peşrevi kaydına
ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Niyazi Sayın’ın öğrencisi olan M. Sadreddin Özçimi ve öğrencisinin öğrencisi olan Yasin Özçimi’ye ulaşılmış, izinleri doğrultusunda röportajlar yapılmış ve kendilerinden, analizleri yapılmak üzere
acemaşiran peşrev icra kayıtları alınmıştır. Bu icra kayıtlarındaki akort farklılıkları geliştirilen bir model ile denkleştirilmiş ve böylece karşılaştırmalı analiz yapabilme imkânı elde edilmiştir. Denkleştirilen bu icra kayıtları
üzerinden, dijital programlar yardımı ile perde baskı analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu analizler neticesinde, Niyazi Sayın ile meşk silsilesi arasındaki perde baskıları benzer ve farklı olduğu noktalar tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak,
çalışma kapsamında; Niyazi Sayın’ın ney eğitiminde ne gibi yöntemler izlediği, eğitimleri hangi eserler üzerinden gerçekleştirdiği, derslerinde teknik konular haricinde hangi hususların bulunduğu, meşk silsilesi özelinde günümüze
kadar bu eğitim metodunun ne gibi değişikliklere uğradığı veya uğramadığı ve Türk müziğinde meşk ve tavır kavramları birinci ağızlardan röportaj yöntemi ile tespit edilmiştir.
THE OPPOSITION OF BLACK - WHITE IN STEFAN ZWEIG’S THE ROYAL GAME
Authors: KOŞMAK Fesun
Published: December 2021

İnsanlık tarihinde savaşların önemli bir yeri vardır. Tarihsel süreçte savaş, birçok devletin kurulmasına veya yıkılmasına, pek çok medeniyetin ortaya çıkmasına ya da yok olmasına ve birçok toplumun güç kazanmasına neden olmuştur.
Savaş, modern dönemde de etkisini ve gücünü devam ettirmiş ve halen devam ettirmektedir. Toplumlarda siyasal, sosyal ve dinsel alanının değişmesine neden olan savaş, kültürel yaşamın da şekillenmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Her iki
dünya savaşına tanıklık etmiş yazar Stefan Zweig’ın, özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan etkilenerek kaleme almış olduğu Satranç adlı eserinin kurgusunun temeli, savaşın simgesel anlatımına dayanmaktadır. Yazar, savaşın toplum üzerindeki
etkilerini gözlemleyerek ve öz yaşamındaki deneyimlerini de ekleyerek savaşı edebiyatla buluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada İkinci Dünya Savaşı hakkında bilgilerin yer aldığı ‘savaş edebiyatı’ kavramı üzerinde durulacak ve çalışmanın
ana gövdesini oluşturan Satranç adlı eser, ‘savaş’ ekseninde ele alınacaktır. Çalışma metne dayalı inceleme yöntemiyle incelenecek ve eserde ön plana çıkan savaşın izleri, siyah ile beyazın karşıtlığı dikkate alınarak ele alınacaktır.
THE CONCEPT OF IMAGE IN CONTEMPORARY PAINTING ART
Authors: ÖZESKİCİ EVRİM
Published: December 2021

Araştırmanın amacı; güncel resim sanatında öne çıkan sanatçılardan Kristina Alisauskaite, Ewa Juszkiewicz, GL Brierley, Kinga Nowak, Carla Busuttil’nun eser analizlerini yapmak ve eserlerindeki imgelerin neler olduklarını fark etmektir.
Sanat pratiklerinden imge, kavram ve fikir; güncel sanatın en önemli olgularındandır. Seçilen sanatçıların eserlerinde bu olguları nasıl ele aldıklarını bilmek; araştırmanın bir diğer amacıdır. Güncel resim sanatı hakkında bilgi
sahibi olunacağı düşünülerek bu sanatçılara yer verilmiştir. Güncel resim sanatındaki Kristina Alisauskaite, Ewa Juszkiewicz, GL Brierley, Kinga Nowak ve Carla Busuttil’nun eserleri araştırmanın kapsam ve sınırlılıklarını oluşturur.
Araştırma içerisinde farklı sanatçılardan örnekler verilerek eser karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın problemleri şu şekildedir: Sanatta imgeyi tetikleyen unsurlar nelerdir? Güncel sanatta imge, kavram ve fikir ilişkisi neden
önemlidir? Resim sanatında imgenin yapıbozumu nasıl gerçekleşir? Güncel resim sanatında imge ve fikir ilişkisini ele alan sanatçılar kimlerdir? Bu gibi soruların cevapları ışığında imgenin geçmiş ve bugünü arasındaki bağlantısı
ortaya çıkacağı umulmaktadır.
Potential and Optimization of Waqf Land Empowerment in South Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Batubara Damri , Windari Windari , Hasibuan Abdul Nasser , Sovia Annida Karima
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This paper discusses about maximization the land    waqf assets of south Tapanuli Regency reached an area of 108.07 (Ha) with a total of 411 land waqf assets,both certified and uncertified, but the condition did not develop all. Meanwhile, the mandate of the law of the republic of Indonesia number 41 of 2004 in articles 42-43 emphasizes that nazir is obliged to manage and develop waqf assets in accordance with their objectives, functions and designations with sharia principles cerried out productively.Design/Method/Approach: This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The subjects were waqf land asset, nazir and nazir institutions of waqf land assets in south Tapanuli regency. The population is 411 and the sample is 20 %. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interview documentation and literature review.Findings: From this study we found thatthe potential of human resources of land waqf assets has great potential in managing and empowering land waqf assets, but this potential is not optimally empowered because of the unsupportive perception of nazir, lack of responsibility, passed away, relocation, and did not implement his duties as nazir and waqf land assets are idle. The another obstacle are financial capital that is not supported, nazir’s salary is not clear and  does not have an entrepreneurial spirit (such as creative spirit, innovation, skills in empowering waqf land assets).Originality/Values: understand nazir that the importance of land waqf is productively empowered
The Importance of Linguistics for Teachers in English Language Teaching
Authors: Daulay Sholihatul Hamidah , Dalimunte Muhammad , Ningrum Diah Widya
Published: December 2021

This writing aims to determine the function of Linguistics in English Language Teaching. It will discuss how important linguistics in English language teaching is. It uses the literature review method or called library research. In collecting the data, it uses the descriptive method and comparison method. From the finding, it can be concluded that linguistics pays attention to its function in teaching. Linguistics and language teaching are closely related to each other. This is because language teaching goes hand in hand with language growth. How is it possible that a language teacher can practice language skills if he does not master linguistics itself, how can he train writing skills if he does not master spelling, morphology, syntax, semantics, and lexicology? In addition, as a language teacher, he not only has to practice language skills but also has to explain the rules of the language correctly.
STATUS PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN DEMERSAL DI DUMAI, RIAU
Authors: Arkham Muhammad Nur , Kelana Perdana Putra , Pramesthy Tyas Dita , Djunaidi  , Roza Sri Yenica , Ikhsan Suci Asrina
Published: December 2021

Kota Dumai memiliki nelayan perikanan tangkap skala kecil yang menjadikan ikan demersal sebagai target utama. Daerah penangkapan ikan demersal yang relatif mudah dan dekat untuk diakses serta memiliki milai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi menjadi daya tarik bagi nelayan untuk melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung tingkat pemanfaatan, nilai MSY dan JTB di perairan Dumai. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu jumlah trip dan jumlah hasil tangkapan jaring insang, sondong dan pengerih sejak tahun 2014 hingga 2018. Nilai MSY dan upaya optimum dianalisis menggunakan model produksi surplus oleh Schaefer. Persamaan regresi antara upaya standar (f) dengan CPUE adalah  dengan nilai R2 = 0,9273. Jumlah upaya optimum (Fopt) adalah 4.604 trip/tahun dan nilai MSY sebesar 918,47 ton/tahun. Rata-rata tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan mencapai 83% termasuk dalam kategori optimum. Nilai JTB ikan demersal sebesar 734,78 ton. Status pemanfaatan ikan demersal di perairan Dumai masuk kedalam kategori tangkap berlebih. Perlu ada pengaturan ulang mengenai upaya penangkapan (f) guna menjaga keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan dan kegiatan perikanan tangkap ikan demersal di Kota Dumai.

Kata kunci: CPUE, Dumai, ikan demersal, MSY
Predict A Person's Personality Based On The Shape of Handwriting of The Letters "i", "o", and "t" Using The Levenberg Marquardt Backpropagation Method
Authors: Robbani Annisa Mujahidah , Wijaya I Gede Pasek Suta , Bimantoro Fitri
Published: December 2021

Abstract-The literature shows that Graphology is common and relatively useful in our life. For example, as one of the job requirements. Professional organizations hire a professional handwriting analyst called Graphologist to analyze the characteristic traits of the candidates by identified their handwriting. However, the accuracy of handwriting analysis depends on how skilled the graphologist is, two graphologists which predict the same handwriting may give us a different result of the prediction. To improve the accuracy, we develop a system that can automatically predict a person’s personality based on the shape of the handwriting of the letters "i", "o", and "t" using the Levenberg Marquardt Backpropagation method. Based on this research we got the maximum accuracy by using 2 hidden layers. We got 71,42% of accuracy for the letter “i”, 76,92% of accuracy for the letter “o”, and 60% of accuracy for letter the “t”.
Multi-Projection Segmentation on Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images Using Level Set Method
Authors: Syuhada Fahmi , Rarasmaya Indraswari  , Agus Zainal Arifin  , Dini Adni Navastara
Published: December 2021

Segmentation of dental Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images based on Boundary Tracking has been widely used in recent decades. Generally, the process only uses axial projection data of CBCT where the slices image that representing the tip of the tooth object have decreased in contrast which impact to difficult to distinguish with background or other elements. In this paper we propose the multi-projection segmentation method by combining the level set segmentation result on three projections to detect the tooth object more optimally. Multiprojection is performed by decomposing CBCT data which produces three projections called axial, sagittal and coronal projections. Then, the segmentation based on the set level method is implemented on the slices image in the three projections. The results of the three projections are combined to get the final result of this method. This proposed method obtains evaluation results of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity with values of 97.18%, 88.62%, and 97.61%, respectively.
Construção de saberes sobre os processos de escrita em grupo colaborativo de formação continuada
Authors: Batista Ana Cristina Gazotto , Ferrasin Fernanda Camargo Dalmatti Alves Lima , Santos Idelvandre Vilas Boas de Santana
Published: December 2021

Para início de conversa... vamos contar como chegamos até aqui no “X Seminário Fala outra escola: cá e lá - pontes e rios que nos levam e nos aproximam”, da prática para a teoria, um diálogo potente s
Arquitetura neocolonial: A inserção da temática nas pesquisas de história da arquitetura brasileira (1970-2020)
Authors: Peixoto João Paulo Campos
Published: December 2021

A partir de publicações importantes que tomam a arquitetura neocolonial como o centro de seus estudos, essa temática tem ascendido ao debate historiográfico recente em arquitetura e urbanismo de forma
Um estudo do uso da videogrametria na documentação da Capela do Senhor do Bonfim em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais
Authors: lopes Igor Tiago , Groetelaars Natalie Johanna , Amorim Arivaldo Leão de
Published: December 2021

O avanço das tecnologias e o surgimento de novas ferramentas digitais aplicadas à documentação arquitetônica têm facilitado e ampliado seu uso, possibilitando uma gama de aplicações, desde a aquisição
Time of vitreal surgery for active retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Tereshchenko A. V. , Trifanenkova I. G. , Yudina N. N. , Tereshchenkova M. S. , Erokhina E. V. , Sidorova Yu. A.
Published: December 2021

Background. The anatomical and functional results of surgery for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are determined not only by the stage of the pathological process, but also depend on the timing of its implementation.The aim: to estimate the effectiveness of vitrectomy for severe active retinopathy of prematurity, depending on the timing of surgical treatment.Methods. Vitreoretinal surgery was performed in 138 children (198 eyes) with severe stages of ROP. All patients were divided into three groups depending on the timing of surgical treatment: group 1 – 42–48 weeks of postconceptual age (PCA), with the progression of ROP after laser coagulation of the retina (LCS), group 2 – 39–41 weeks of PCA, with the progression of ROP after LCS, group 3 – 36–39 weeks of PCA, without previous LCS. A 3-port transscleral 27-G vitrectomy was performed by all patients. At the postoperative period, the results of vitrectomy were estimated by the anatomical attachment of the retina. The follow-up period was 12 months. Results. In group 1, in 31 cases (73.8 %), the surgical intervention was completed with silicone tamponade. By the end of the follow-up period, anatomical retinal attachment was achieved in 17 eyes (40.5 %).In group 2, surgical intervention was completed with silicone tamponade in 29 eyes (42 %). By the end of the follow-up period, anatomical retinal attachment was achieved in 52 eyes (75 %).In group 3, surgical intervention was completed with silicone tamponade in 11 of 87 eyes (12.6 %). Anatomical retinal attachment was achieved in 80 eyes (92 %).Conclusion. Untimely vitrectomy (42–48 weeks of PCA) in cases of ROP progression after LCR led to a worse result. If progress of ROP after laser treatment happens, early vitrectomy (39–41 weeks of PCA) should be performed. Primary vitrectomy should be performed in case of the optimal timing of laser treatment has been missed (after 36 weeks of PCV).
Macular volume and fovea thickness as OCT-criteria for multiple sclerosis. Preliminary results
Authors: Konovalov M. E. , Zenina M. L. , Burdel K. V. , Konovalova M. M.
Published: December 2021

Background. The characteristic optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes in the optic nerve head in patients with multiple sclerosis are known and have been described many times, however, the state of the macular area is described in a small number of publications.The aim: to analyze the changes in the macular area of the retina in patients with multiple sclerosis, to identify the OCT signs pathognomonic for this disease and to trace their changes over time as the disease progresses.Material and methods. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, 28 patients (55 eyes) diagnosed with multiple sclerosis underwent OCT of the macular zone to determine the thickness of the fovea and the volume of the macula in the 6 mm zone. The follow-up period was 6–12 years. The endpoints were the primary treatment and the most recent inspection.Results. At the initial examination, the visual acuity was 0.96 ± 0.24 (95% CI: 0.9–1.03), fovea thickness – 253.0 μm (Q1–Q3: 233.0–264.0), macular volume – 5.471 mm3 (Q1–Q3: 5.281–5.625). In 37 cases (67.3 %), the macular volume was below normal. The initial fovea thickness was below normal in 9 cases (16.4 %). At the end of the study, visual acuity did not change statistically (p = 0.824) and amounted to 0.96 ± 0.25 (95% CI: 0.90–1.04). The fi nal thickness of the fovea was 247.5 μm (Q1–Q3: 233.0–260.0), changes are statistically significant (p = 0.02). Number of cases with a thickness below normal in the fi nal study was 11 (20 %), change of frequency of cases was not statistically signifi cant (p = 0.5). The fi nal macular volume was 5.393 mm3 (Q1–Q3: 5.197–5.565), the changes are statistically significant (p = 0.023). The final number of cases with a volume below the norm was 42 (76.4 %), the change in the frequency of cases is close to statistically signifi cant (p = 0.063). At all stages of the study, there was no case of an isolated decrease in the thickness of the fovea without a decrease in the volume of the macula.Conclusion. The decrease in the volume of the macula with time while maintaining the thickness of the fovea within the normal range can be attributed to the pathognomonic OCT signs of multiple sclerosis. This criterion can be used for a comprehensive assessment of the course and therapy of this disease.
Comparative analysis of postoperative results of cataract surgery using monofocal IOLs
Authors: Chuprov A. D. , Zhediale N. A. , Startseva M. I.
Published: December 2021

One of the most common surgical interventions in ophthalmology today is lens replacement surgery. But there is still no consensus on whether the choice of a monofocal IOL affects the postoperative functional outcome.The aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of values of visual acuity without correction in the early postoperative period after cataract surgery using monofocal IOLs.Material and methods. The study included data of 2643 eyes operated for cataract, into which one of the monofocal IOLs, included in the top ten most frequently implanted IOLs in the Orenburg Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, was implanted for the period 2019–2021. Statistical analysis was performed using the program Statistica 13.0.Results. The performed analysis of variance showed that the established differences between the compared groups are statistically signifi cant (p < 0.05). However, the subgroup analysis showed that there were statistically signifi cant differences between pairs such as Tecnis and Hydro-4; Tecnis and Rayner. In all other cases, statistically signifi cant uncorrected visual activity (UCVA) values after surgery were not established. It has also been reliably established that the presence of subluxation of the lens affects the value of UCVA after surgery.Conclusion. The results of the performed analysis in general indicate that the value of UCVA in patients in the early postoperative period after the performed surgical intervention does not depend on the manufacturer of the used IOL.
Myopic choroidal neovascularization: management issues remain
Authors: Makogon S. I. , Kuznetsova E. N.
Published: December 2021

In the modern world, myopia continues to be one of the most common refractive errors and is considered a socially signifi cant problem, since it is a common cause of decreased vision. In connection with the growth of myopia, the risk of developing complications in the fundus increases, leading to the development of degenerative changes in the retina and an irreversible decrease in visual functions in young and middle-aged people. One of these complications is myopic choroidal neovascularization, which leads to a progressive, irreversible decrease in visual acuity and poor prognosis, and the process is often bilateral in nature. The tactics of managing patients with such complications has been determined: antiangiogenic therapy is used – intravitreal therapy with anti-VEGF drugs, which is currently the fi rst choice therapy for this pathology. But in some cases, antiangiogenic therapy is contraindicated, and the question arises about the tactics of managing such patients. The aim: to study treatment options for myopic choroidal neovascularization in patients with myopia in different situations.Material and methods. The paper presents two clinical observations of patients with mChNV, considers the tactics of their management. The patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-Angio (OPTOPOL Technology, Poland).Conclusions. Women with myopia planning pregnancy need a thorough examination not only by a clinician, but also by an ophthalmologist, since it is necessary to take into account not only the degree of myopia and choose the optimal delivery method, but also to study the state of the retina for the timely diagnosis of degenerative changes in the fundus.
The possibilities of quantitative analysis of the relationship between the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the institutional characteristics of the countries of the world
Authors: Demchuk A. L. , Kapistyn V. M. , Karateev A. Yu. , Emelyanova N. N. , Dashkina I. V. , Pashin M. M. , Kolesnikov S. I.
Published: December 2021

The interrelation of the severity of the epidemiological situation in a particular country and its institutional characteristics (including the level of health care, quality of management, the level of public trust, cultural characteristics, etc.) is considered. As a result, using the developed index of the severity of the epidemiological situation, the institutional characteristics that most affect the effectiveness of the measures applied were determined. It was figured out that of the 16 characteristics considered, only two (the level of employment and trust in the government) have a medium statistical correlation with the severity of the pandemic. Three more characteristics (prevalence of secular-rational values, degree of urbanization, GDP PPP per capita) have a correlation close to the medium. The remaining characteristics (including health care costs, government efficiency, etc.) have either a weak correlation wiыth severity, or actually do not have it. The results obtained indicate insufficient use and reassessment of existing institutional capacities at the initial stage of the pandemic, as well as insufficient reliability of morbidity and mortality statistics in a number of countries. In conclusion, based on the analysis of statistical indicators, recommendations are given to improve the effectiveness of the use of institutional capacity to counter epidemiological threats, improve this potential, increase the effectiveness of protective and restrictive measures that reduce the severity of the epidemiological situation.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and effectiveness of antiviral therapy for COVID-19 in children: The experience of the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Chernova T. M. , Pavlova E. B. , Timchenko V. N. , Ermakova E. O. , Uskova S. Yu. , Astakhova A. A. , Egorova I. A. , Zherebtsova A. A.
Published: December 2021

Background. The use of antiviral agents can shorten the duration of the viral infection. The aim: to study the clinical and epidemiological features and the effectiveness of antiviral therapy for new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in outpatient children.Materials and methods. From April 2020 to March 2021, 9334 outpatient children aged from 0 months to 17 years were randomly tested for new coronavirus infection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in oropharyngeal and nasal material by PCR. Patients with confirmed new coronavirus infection were prescribed interferon-alpha (IFN-α) intranasally, antiviral agents of systemic action. The control group consisted of children with COVID-19 who did not receive treatment.Results. When examining clinically healthy contact children, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 7.4 % of cases. In the structure of ARI, the specific weight of COVID-19 was 12.3 % with the peak incidence in April-May (up to 22.8 %) and NovemberDecember (up to 30.0 %). In half of the cases, children became infected in the family, and usually adults were the index patient. In 47.7 % of cases, an asymptomatic form of COVID-19 was registered without significant differences in patients of different ages. In one third of children with concomitant pathology, the disease was asymptomatic, in half it was mild, in other cases moderate severity was diagnosed. The clinical picture of COVID-19 did not differ from other ARIs. Anosmia (9.4 %) in half of the cases was combined with ageusia (4.4 %) and was significantly more common in boys. The duration of clinical manifestations in children of the control group and those who received antiviral therapy did not statistically significantly differ in mild and severity of the disease. Also, various antiviral therapy options did not significantly affect the duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection in children with various forms of COVID-19.Conclusion. In the first year of the pandemic, the novel coronavirus infection did not dominate the pattern of respiratory diseases in outpatient children. Further research is required to develop pediatric guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 at the outpatient stage.
Activity of genes of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the Ligamentum flavum of patients with stenosing processes in spinal canal and dural sac
Authors: Rodionova L. V. , Samoilova L. G. , Sorokovikov V. A.
Published: December 2021

New data have been obtained for assessing the expression of genes of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the Ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar stenosis of spinal canal and dural sac. The features of the metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were revealed, the data obtained were compared with those for previously studied candidate genes. The search for relationships with the features of the ECM metabolic characteristics was carried out.The aim. To study the expression of genes of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in intraoperative biopsies of the Ligamentum flavum of patients with lumbar stenosis of the spinal canal and dural sac.Materials and methods. A group of 33 people (17 women, 16 men) with lumbar stenosis of the spinal canal and dural sac was studied; the average age is 45.73 ± 1.95 years. RNA was isolated from intraoperative biopsies of the Ligamentum flavum, reverse transcription was performed, and PCR using specific primers was performed.Results. In Ligamentum flavum of patients with stenosing processes of the spinal canal and dural sac, an increased activity of MMP-1 and insufficient response of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were found; the expression of MMP-1 increased synchronously with Dio2, and both genes decreased their activity with increasing age of the patient. In patients with Ligamentum flavum ossification, the MMR-8 gene was more actively expressed, and the synthesis of the mRNA of the MMR-9 gene decreased compared to the subgroup without ossification.
Royally represented or royally shafted? Effect of positive and negative captions and ideological beliefs on readers’ evaluations of Kate Middleton and Meghan Markle
Authors: Azeem Anita A. , Hunter John A. , Ruffman Ted
Published: December 2021

We conducted a randomized controlled experiment to investigate the role of descriptive captions (positively and negatively worded) and ideological beliefs (Right Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation) on viewers’ evaluations of two popular British Royal family members namely Meghan Markle and Kate Middleton. Participants included 300 undergraduate students from Dunedin, New Zealand who were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions: (1) Pro-Kate, (2) Anti-Kate, (3) Pro-Meghan or (4) AntiMeghan captions accompanying the parallel images of these Royal members. We also included several distractor variables about other Royal family members and traditions. Outcomes were recorded as evaluations of six royal members (Charles, Diana, William, Harry, Kate, and Meghan). We found no significant effect of caption manipulation on outcome evaluations of Meghan and Kate. However, social dominance negatively correlated with Meghan and Harry whereas authoritarianism positively correlated with ratings of Charles. Our results indicate that a one-off exposure to biased media regarding celebrities may not significantly alter audience’s evaluations of them, but ideological beliefs may influence this process, nonetheless.
Information sources, knowledge and compliance to COVID-19 safety protocol in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors:   University of Maiduguri, Wilson Joseph , Onuekwe Chima , Ado Abubakar Abdulmutallib , Owili Collins , Okoro-Nwanja Henry
Published: December 2021

Borno State, Nigeria has experienced active COVID-19 with quite a number of cases and mortalities. The extensive global campaign to create awareness about the pandemic and safety measures through various stakeholders appeared to have worked, especially when it became obvious that people in Borno keyed into safety protocols and observed the lockdown. They wore face masks, routinely applied hand sanitizers and handwashing in public places. It was observed, at some points however, there was obvious nonadherence to these protocols. Therefore, this study examines adherence to COVID-19 safety protocol issues in the state. Could the noncompliance be by those not aware or knowledgeable about the pandemic? Are there issues with the sources of information? The objectives of the study are to determine: the sources of information/knowledge on COVID-19; the effectiveness of the sources of information/knowledge on COVID-19; level of compliance to COVID-19 preventive/safety measures, and to identify challenges in complying with COVID-19 safety/preventive measures. The study used knowledge, attitude and practice theory employed survey method as well as convenience and purposive sampling techniques to select 2949 respondents across three LGAs in the state. The study found that people are aware and knowledgeable about the pandemic. The mass media, especially radio are the major sources of information. The noncompliance to COVID-19 safety protocol is largely due lack of fund to purchase and use face mask and hand sanitizer. It concludes that there are diverse sources of knowledge and information with poor compliance to the safety protocols in Borno State.
Ideology in the Era of “Cynical Reason” (Interpretation of Ideology in Slavoj Žižek’s Works)
Authors: Demin I. V.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the critical analysis of the concept of ideology developed by Slavoj Žižek, the modern Slovenian philosopher. The author reveals the possibilities and limitations of Žižek’s approach to understanding the phenomenon of ideology and considers the initial presumptions and methodological assumptions that this approach is based upon. The article shows that despite the indisputable originality, Žižek’s theory is not devoid of contradictions, and the interpretation of ideology as an illusion and mystification, which is justified within the framework of Marxist political philosophy, loses its foundations in the context of the post-structuralist methodology. According to I.Demin’s conclusion, Žižek’s philosophical and political thinking falls prey to the scheme that Peter Sloterdijk defined as “mutual tracking of ideologies”. Criticism of ideology here implies criticism of one ideo logy from the standpoint of another, or criticism of “bad” ideology from the standpoint of “good” ideology. The “criticizing” ideology is not clearly articulated, but implicitly assumed. The fact that the “critic” of ideology prefers not to reveal his own bias constitutes an integral part of the strategy of ideological criticism, as opposed to scientific criticism. Ideology as the principle that structures social reality obtains an allencompassing character in Žižek’s interpretation, since it underlies all human actions and human thinking. However, if there is no way to separate ideology from scientific knowledge, to distinguish between ideology, philosophy and religion, it turns out that ideology is everything and nothing at the same time. With this interpretation, “ideology” becomes an unoperationalizable concept for Social and Political Sciences, and therefore useless. At the same time, a number of the provisions formulated by Žižek (on ideological “fastening”, on the role of the enemy figure in the ideological discourse, etc.) may be in high demand in the course of developing an adequate methodological strate gy for studying the phenomenon of ideology, which distances itself from both “naïve” objectivist doctrines and the extremes of the political anti-essentialism and anti-universalism.
Islamic Parties between Sacred and Profane: Transformation of the Concept of Party in the Muslim Political Discourse
Authors: Kudryashova I. V. , Kozintsev A. S.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of the concept of Islamic party in the Muslim political discourse. Considering the processes of separation of Islam and politics as the formation of independent communication systems, the authors try to find an answer to the question of how, despite doctrinal restrictions, the notion “Islamic party” managed to acquire the features of a stable political concept. The authors propose a hypothesis, according to which, as the socio-political modernization of the Arab countries proceeds, the political system appropriates this concept, thereby specifying Islamic values at the level that allows to combine these values with new power institutions and fulfill specific political actions with these values. To test this hypothesis, the authors turn to the analysis of the temporal structure of the concept of party in Quran (Sunnah), the texts of the first ideologues of the Muslim Brotherhood and the rhetoric of the modern Islamic movements that occupy stable positions in the national parliaments. As a result of the study, the authors document the polysemantics inherent in the Islamic doctrine and identify the main parameters of the temporalization and pragmatization of the concept. According to their conclusion, the Islamic parties’ abandonment of Quranic time and placement in the national-historical contexts, as well as the erosion of their initial core values, determine the mo dern perception and functional significance of such parties: they act as an institution that differentiates Islamic norms and ensures their combination with the institutions of the nation state that emerged in the process of moder nization.
Perfusion Strategy for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Babliak Oleksandr D. , Demianenko Volodymyr M. , Marchenko Anton I. , Pidgaina Lilia V. , Babliak Dmytro Ye. , Stohov Oleksii S.
Published: December 2021

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has a number of proven advantages compared to median sternotomy. Safe cannulation and perfusion are some of the main components of the success of MICS.

The aim. To present our perfusion strategy and describe the methods of cannulation, technical features, contraindications and potential complications.

Materials and methods. We examined the results of 1088 adult patients who underwent primary cardiac surgery in our hospital (coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, aortic surgery, left ventricle repair, congenital cardiac surgery and combined procedures) from July 2017 to May 2021. Of these, 851 patients were qualified for MICS. To select a safe cannulation strategy, we performed contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the aorta and main branches for all the patients, also we calculated the body surface area according to the DuBois and DuBois formula.

Results. We performed 838 minimally invasive on-pump procedures, which is 98.5% of all patients qualified for MICS. According to the results of the preoperative CT scan, 13 (1.5%) patients were not operated with the minimally invasive approach due to the hazards related to the provision of cardiopulmonary bypass. Peripheral cannulation was performed in 754 (90%) patients and an alternative cannulation site was selected in 62 (8.2%) patients based on preoperative CT data. There were 10 (1.32%) patients who developed major complications (stroke, acute aortic dissection, acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis) after peripheral cannulation.

Conclusions. Preoperative CT scan is mandatory for planning a perfusion strategy in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. The required surgical techniques should include cannulation of the right and left femoral and right axillary arteries.
Aortic Root Enlargement during Aortic Valve Replacement in Adults
Authors: Furman Miroslav M. , Varbanets Sergey V. , Dovgan Oleksandr M.
Published: December 2021

Aortic valve replacement is a gold standard in the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis or combined aortic pathology. However, aortic valve pathology is often associated with a narrow aortic orifice, particularly in patients with severe aortic stenosis. In 1978, Rahimtoola first described the term of prosthesis-patient mismatch. He noted that effective orifice area of the prosthesis is smaller than that of the native valve. To minimize this complication, there are several surgical strategies: aortic root enlargement (ARE), implantation of a frameless biological prosthesis in the native position, neocuspidalization procedure, Ross procedure, aortic root replacement with xenograft or homograft. ARE is an excellent option, however, some authors outline additional perioperative risks.

The aim. To analyze immediate results of ARE during isolated aortic valve replacement and in cases when it is combined with other heart pathologies.

Materials and methods. Our study included 63 patients who underwent ARE. Isolated aortic valve replacement was performed in the majority of cases, but often aortic root replacement procedure was combined with coronary artery bypass grafting.

Results and discussion. One of 63 patients died (hospital mortality 1.6%) at an early hospital stage (30 postoperative days). Measurement of the aortic valve ring was performed by two methods, through preoperative echocardiography and perioperative measurement using a valve sizer. However, perioperative dimension was chosen as the basis for the calculations. In 62 patients, the perioperative diameter of the aortic valve ring ranged from 19 to 23 mm, only one patient had a diameter of 24 mm. According to our findings, ARE enabled to achieve an average aortic ring size increase of 2.68 cm2 (from 1.5 to 3.4 cm2) and to prevent prosthesis-patient mismatch in 42 (66.7%) cases.

Conclusions. Prosthesis-patient mismatch is considered a serious complication in the postoperative period. Narrow aortic root is a common pathology that should be considered during surgery. ARE is a safe procedure and is not associated with an increased risk of mortality and complications.
Correlation of the Myocardial Viability Score with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients after Revascularization
Authors: Kundina Viktoriia V. , Babkina Tetiana M.
Published: December 2021

Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main causes of cardiovascular death. The severity of CAD is determined by the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction which is caused by coronary atherosclerosis. The possibility of restoring functional capacity of the heart (ejection fraction (EF)) depends on hibernating volume of the myocardium which is a pitfall in revascularization.

The aim. To assess the correlation between the score of the viable myocardium (VM) and EF with systolic dysfunction and preserved LVEF in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Material and methods. To implement the set clinical tasks, 62 patients with CAD with preserved systolic function and systolic dysfunction were examined, 35 (56%) patients had heart failure with an EF of 49% (group 2) and less. Twenty-seven (44%) patients had preserved ventricular function of 50% or more (group 1). The mean age of the subjects was 59.6 ± 8.2 years. Five (8.0%) patients denied myocardial infarction. Myocardial scintigraphy was performed on Infinia Hawkeye all purpose imaging system (GE, USA) with integrated CT. The studies were performed in SPECT and SPECT/CT with ECG synchronization (gated SPECT) modes. 99mTc-MIBI with an activity of 555–740 MBq was used. Myocardial scintigraphy was performed in the course of treatment (before CABG and after CABG) according to the One Day Rest protocol. A total of 124 scintigraphic studies were performed.

Results and discussion. Samples of the studied patients “before” and “after” treatment were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. In group 1 in patients with EF ≥ 50% the score of VM increased after CABG with values from 81.7 CI 95% [78.5; 84.9] to 86.9 CI 95% [84.4; 89.3]. However, the EF itself before and after treatment remained the same or slightly decreased amounting to 54.9 CI 95% [50.8; 59.1] and 52.5 CI 95% [48.6; 56.3]. In group 2 in patients with EF ≤ 49% the amount of VM increased after CABG with values from 59.9 CI 95% [54.9; 64.8] to 65.9 CI 95% [60.2; 71.6] (p = 0.00005). However, the EF itself before and after treatment remained the same, amounting to 28.9 CI 95% [24.8; 32.9] and 31.1 CI 95% [26.8; 35.5] (p = 0.19).

Conclusions. Myocardial viability in both study groups significantly improved, given the high statistical reliability of the results, although LVEF either remained unchanged or changed slightly. Improvement of static parameters (wall perfusion) also confirms positive effect of revascularization with constant dynamic parameters (EF, end-diastolic volume) or statistically insignificant changes thereof. There is no direct correlation between VM and EF.
NT-proBNP as an Additional Marker of Significant Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Marchenko Oksana Yu. , Rudenko Nadiya M. , Dzhun Yana Yu.
Published: December 2021

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause for morbidity and mortality both in Ukraine and in the world, so the relevance of this problem for the society is undeniable. The priority is still to study the factors that affect both more severe CAD in patients with chronic coronary syndrome and after myocardial revascularization.

The aim. To investigate the patterns of correlation between blood level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and CAD severity, especially in patients with multivessel lesion, to confirm its status of a useful additional marker for assessing the condition of cardiovascular system and one of the instruments to affect the tactics of treatment.

Materials and methods. The study is based on data obtained from a prospective analysis of 40 patients at the age of 51 to 82 years old from January to December 2019, whose complaints could indicate the CAD. All the patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination (complete blood count, biochemical blood test). The main instrumental examination method was coronary angiography; the patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the examination results. The quantitative degree of lesion was assessed using the SYNTAX Score for each patient.

Results. The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, and comorbidities. The groups differed significantly in terms of body mass index. Moreover, the groups differed in the level of the following biochemical markers: NT-proBNP (p=0.0001), cholesterol (p=0.02), low-density lipoproteins (p=0.009), creatinine (p=0.02), glomerular filtration rate (p=0.08). A significant correlation was found between the NT-proBNP level and the degree of CAD ρ=0.718 (p=0.0001).

Conclusion. NT-proBNP significantly correlates with the SYNTAX Score and is the highest in the group of patients with multivessel coronary disease. This indicator requires further study as an additional marker for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system and can influence the choice of treatment.