bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anorectal Manometry on Children: A Moroccan Series and Literature Review
Authors: DELSA HANANE , Serraj Ilham , Khalis Mohamed , Kabbaj Nawal
Published: June 2021

Introduction and objectives: Anorectal manometry is a test that evaluates the function of the rectum,but also the anus. It is useful for the diagnosis of several conditions like fecal incontinence and constipation.In children these tests are being increasingly used for all ages.The aim of this study was to determine the benefit of anorectal manometry in children and to report our experience.
Material and Methods:Over a period of four years, 273children that underwent anorectal manometry were included in the study,their data and tests results were analyzed.
Results:Out of 273 patients included,68,5% were boys and 31,5% were girls.The mean age was 9 years.154patients(51,6%) had Fecal incontinence(Group1),75children(27,5%) had chronic constipation(Group2),and both of them(Group3) were reported in 37children(13,6%).An awake manometry was  performed in 248children(91%) however this test under sedation allowed us the exclusion of Hirschsprung’s disease in 21children(84%).In group1, 25%patients had bad anal contraction.In groupe3, 21,6%children had bad anal contraction.The statistical analysis showed a significant difference in age(p=0.022) and resting pressure(p=0.050) between the three groups.Children with fecal incontinence had a higher rate of dyssynergy,80.2% and 83.8% in groups 1 and 3 respectively compared to 60.4% in patients with chronic constipation(p=0,852)
Conclusion:The gold standard for the exploration of children’s terminal constipation and encopresis is the anorectal manometry.It is an important tool to establish diagnosis.In our study, this test allow the exclusion of Hirschsprung’s disease in infants with constipation,  in other hand we found a higher rate of dyssynergy in children with fecal incontinence(80%) which had allow us to propose a biofeedback therapy.
Evaluation of Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index in Hyperthyroid Patients Receiving Anti-thyroid Drugs
Authors: Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Nelson Benny , Marissa Melani , Indriatmi Wresti , Wisnu Wismandari
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder, which causes brownish discoloration of the face. Despite unclear mechanisms, thyroid hormones were thought to play a role in melasma.

AIM: This study aims to determine and compare the clinical improvement of melasma in hyperthyroid patients receiving anti-thyroid drugs.

METHODS: An interventional study with a quasi-experimental design (pre-post-intervention study) was conducted at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic and Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from July 2019 to March 2020. A comparative analysis was done to compare the modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) in hyperthyroid patients before and after 12 weeks of anti-thyroid drugs. All subjects did not receive any additional topical therapies for their melasma. The clinical features were evaluated objectively at baseline and 12th-week visit, by mMASI score on different areas of the face (forehead, left-right malar, and chin) and Wood’s lamp examination.

RESULTS: All areas showed a decline in mMASI score components (e.g., involvement areas and darkness degree) after 12 weeks of treatment. However, only the malar area showed a significant decline (p < 0.05). Wood’s lamp examination at baseline revealed dermal type melasma on 17 subjects, mixed type on six subjects, and epidermal type on one subject. All types remained unchanged after 12 weeks of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that mMASI score in malar area improved significantly, this might be because malar area included this study were comprised of epidermal, dermal, and mixed type. On the other hand, based on Wood’s lamp examination, all types of melasma remained unchanged after 12 weeks of treatment.
Platelet Concentrate In Lumbar Interbody Cage Fusion: A New Era of Modality Of Fusion
Authors: Mohi EL din Mohamed , Hassan Ahmed Salah , Tareef Tarek Ahmed , Baraka Mohammad , Gabr Mohamed , Omar Ahmed H.
Published: June 2021

AIM: This was a prospective double-blinded randomized comparative study. Several authors have reported the efficacy of platelets derivatives for spinal union. However, the use of PRP and PRF for bone fusion with TLIF has not been fully explored.

METHODS: Standard open TLIF surgery was performed on 80 patients, randomized in three groups, TLIF and local bone were used in 40 patients (control group) and TLIF, local bone, and PRP were used in 20 patients (PRP group) and PRF was used in 20 patients (PRF group). Radiological parameters were assessed by X-ray after 3 months post-operative to evaluate the position of the screws and cage migration and by CT scans at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Patients, surgeons, and post-surgical analysis were blinded.

RESULTS: VAS scores for lower back pain and leg pain were statistically significant between the three groups preoperatively. The VAS scores of back pain improved after 12 months and were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the VAS score of leg pain improved compared with preoperatively in the three groups during the 6- and 12-month follow-up postoperatively, however, the three groups, VAS scores for leg pain were not significantly different. After 1-year follow-up, significantly more patients achieved definite fusion, when implanted platelets derivatives compared with the control group, but with no significance regarding fusion rates.

CONCLUSION: We advocated using platelet derivative as a fusion enhancer modality which is cost and time saving. It appears to be a complementary step that ensures better outcome for the patients.
Correlation of Red Cell Distribution Width Value with Force Expiration Volume One Second in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Martunis Martunis , Tarigan Amira Permatasari , Muntasir Muntasir , Eyanoer Putri Chairani
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experience an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin levels due to body compensation in line with the increased secretion of the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the production of red blood cells. Studies report that red cell distribution width (RDW) increases with the severity of COPD which raises the opinion that RDW can be used as a biomarker in the evaluation of disease severity in patients with COPD.

AIM: This study aims to determine the correlation between the value of RDW and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in patients with stable COPD.

METHODS: This study was a case series study conducted from April to August 2019 at the Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, USU Medical Faculty. The research subjects were all COPD patients who visited the Lung Clinic RSUP H Adam Malik, Medan, who were selected by consecutive sampling. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test.

RESULTS: A total of 30 people with COPD who met the criteria were included in this study who were dominated by men (93.3%), aged 50–59 years (46.7%), smokers or former smokers (86.7%), with a body mass index of normoweight (50%), and the degree of airflow obstruction is severe (FEV1 < 30% predicts 50%). There was a weak negative correlation between the RDW value and the FEV1 value in the stable COPD patients who were the study subjects, and the correlation was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between RDW and FEV1 values in stable COPD patients.
On the hot spots of quantum graphs
Authors: Kennedy James B. , Rohleder Jonathan
Published: June 2021

We undertake a systematic investigation of the maxima and minima of the eigenfunctions associated with the first nontrivial eigenvalue of the Laplacian on a metric graph equipped with standard (continuity–Kirchhoff) vertex conditions. This is inspired by the famous hot spots conjecture for the Laplacian on a Euclidean domain, and the points on the graph where maxima and minima are achieved represent the generically "hottest" and "coldest" spots of the graph. We prove results on both the number and location of the hot spots of a metric graph, and also present a large number of examples, many of which run contrary to what one might naïvely expect. Amongst other results we prove the following: (i) generically, up to arbitrarily small perturbations of the graph, the points where minimum and maximum, respectively, are attained are unique; (ii) the minima and maxima can only be located at the vertices of degree one or inside the doubly connected part of the metric graph; and (iii) for any fixed graph topology, for some choices of edge lengths all minima and maxima will occur only at degree-one vertices, while for others they will only occur in the doubly connected part of the graph.
On the stability of boundary equilibria in Filippov systems
Authors: Simpson D. J. W.
Published: June 2021

The leading-order approximation to a Filippov system \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} about a generic boundary equilibrium \begin{document}$ x^* $\end{document} is a system \begin{document}$ F $\end{document} that is affine one side of the boundary and constant on the other side. We prove \begin{document}$ x^* $\end{document} is exponentially stable for \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} if and only if it is exponentially stable for \begin{document}$ F $\end{document} when the constant component of \begin{document}$ F $\end{document} is not tangent to the boundary. We then show exponential stability and asymptotic stability are in fact equivalent for \begin{document}$ F $\end{document}. We also show exponential stability is preserved under small perturbations to the pieces of \begin{document}$ F $\end{document}. Such results are well known for homogeneous systems. To prove the results here additional techniques are required because the two components of \begin{document}$ F $\end{document} have different degrees of homogeneity. The primary function of the results is to reduce the problem of the stability of \begin{document}$ x^* $\end{document} from the general Filippov system \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} to the simpler system \begin{document}$ F $\end{document}. Yet in general this problem remains difficult. We provide a four-dimensional example of \begin{document}$ F $\end{document} for which orbits appear to converge to \begin{document}$ x^* $\end{document} in a chaotic fashion. By utilising the presence of both homogeneity and sliding motion the dynamics of \begin{document}$ F $\end{document} can in this case be reduced to the combination of a one-dimensional return map and a scalar function.
Un testimonio del dios «Labbo» en una inscripción lusitana de Plasencia, Cáceres. ¿«Labbo» también en Cabeço das Fráguas?
Authors: Sánchez Salor Eustaquio , Esteban Ortega Julio
Published: June 2021

Se ha venido defendiendo la identidad de Labbo como una divinidad de carácter local con culto restringido al territorio del Cabeço das Fráguas, donde hasta ahora se documentaba la única inscripción, que planteaba algunas dudas de lectura Laebo / Labbo. Presentamos aquí un ara votiva de Plasencia que demuestra con total seguridad la existencia de esta divinidad lusitana y la extensión de su culto hacia zonas más orientales del territorio lusitano. Su integración en una tríada de deidades nos lleva a comparar ambos textos y considerar en Cabeço das Fráguas dos series de nombres: seis de animales, por un lado, y seis de divinidades, por otro.
Oriented Type I Collagen - A Review on Artificial Alignment Strategies
Authors: Ambrock Karina , Grohe Bernd , Silvia Mittler
Published: June 2021

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and serves many functions, from mechanical stability and elasticity in tendons and bone, to optical properties, such as transparency and a fine tuned refractive index in the cornea of the eye. Collagen has interested humankind for centuries: Leonardo Da Vinci studied and drew the tendons in the human body precisely in the 15th and 16th century. A look at the literature reveals easily > 200,000 papers. This article reviews oriented type I collagen artificial alignment strategies.
The Risk of Venipuncture in Newborn with Severe Hemophilia: Case Report of a Large Elbow Hemorrhage and Literature Review of Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Lassandro Giuseppe , Amoruso Anna , Palladino Valentina , Palmieri Viviana Valeria , Giordano Paola
Published: June 2021

Hemophilias are hemorrhagic congenital rare diseases. The gold standard of therapy in hemophilics is the intravenously replacement therapy. We can infuse intravenously plasma derived factors (FVIII for Hemophilia A and FIX for Hemophilia B) or recombinant products (i.e., clotting factor synthetically produced). Venipuncture is not a safe procedure in subjects with hemorrhagic diseases. It is considered an invasive technique with potential massive bleeding and it requires standardized procedures to prevent complications. Local pressure after the procedure (with eventually ice rest) must be always done. In case of bleeding a rapid replacement therapy must be conducted. A severe complication in hemophilia is compartment syndrome. We report a case of massive bleeding in a hemophilic newborn after venipuncture and a literature review of compartment syndrome in hemophiliacs. The aim of this paper is to help physicians in the clinical management to prevent the evolution of a massive bleeding in compartment syndrome.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination with Radiotherapy as Salvage Treatment for Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A retrospective Analysis in 12 Patients
Authors: Lucchini Elisa , Rusconi Chiara , Levis Mario , Ricci Francesca , Santoro Armando , Ricardi Umberto , Volpetti Stefano , Matrone Fabio , di Russo Anna , Caizzi Manuela , Schiattarella Anna , Zaja Francesco
Published: June 2021

The rate of complete remission (CR) with the anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) nivolumab (N) and pembrolizumab (P) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is low (20–30%), and the majority of patients eventually relapse. One strategy to improve their outcome is to combine ICI with radiotherapy (ICI-RT), taking advantage of a supposed synergistic effect. We retrospectively collected data of 12 adult patients with R/R cHL treated with ICI-RT delivered during or within 8 weeks from the start or after the end of ICI. Median age at ICI-RT was 37 years, 50% had previously received an autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) and 92% brentuximab vedotin. RT was given concurrently, before or after ICI in 4, 1 and 7 patients. Median RT dose was 30 Gy, for a median duration of 22 days. Median number of ICI administrations was 15. Overall response and CR rate were 100% and 58%. Nine patients received subsequent SCT consolidation (7 allogeneic and 2 autologous). After a median follow-up of 18 months, 92% of patients were in CR. No major concerns about safety were reported. ICI-RT combination appears to be a feasible and highly active bridge treatment to transplant consolidation.
ملامح التفكير النحوي في وصف (مسألة الكحل) وتأويلها بين الحاجة والترف الفكري
Authors: د. فوزية بنت بداح بن مخلد العتيبي د. فوزية بنت بداح بن مخلد العتيبي
Published: June 2021

. مسألة الكحل هي إحدى النماذج التي اعترضت تطبيق نظرية العامل في الدرس النحوي؛ لخروجها عن أصلها، مع ورود شواهد مسموعة تمثِّلها، لذا أولاها النحاة عناية تفكيرهم توصيفًا وتأويلاً، فجاءت هذه الدراسة لإبراز ملامح تفكيرهم في معالجتهم لها؛ لمحاولة الإجابة عن تساؤل: هل كانت ملامح تفكيرهم منبثقة من دافع الحاجة، أو أنها نتيجة إطلاق العنان لتفكيرهم حتى جسدت إجراءاتهم النحوية المتخذة فيها ترفًا فكريًّا ليس إلا. وسلكت في ذلك منهجًا وصفيًّا تحليليًّا، وخلصت إلى إدراك النحاة العميق للعلاقة التي تربط ما بين ألفاظ التركيب، وتحقيقها لمعنى السياق العام، وتمخَّض هذا الإدراك في وصفهم لمسألة الكحل وتقنينها وفي تأويلها، وفي الأسس المستند إليها في ذلك، وبرزت ملامح تفكيرهم في نمطين: ملامح تنظيرية تتعلَّق بتفعيلهم فكرة القياس والقواعد الكلية، وملامح منهجية لمعالجتهم المادة اللغوية التي بين أيديهم وتمثَّلت في المقارنة والافتراض، وهم بكلِّ هذا مدفوعون لإيجاد حلٍّ لحاجة اقتضاها وصف ذلك الخروج وتأويله.
قاعدة (الفضيلة المتعلقة بنفس العبادة أولى من الفضيلة المتعلقة بمكانها) -دراسة نظرية تطبيقية-
Authors: أ . د. خالد بن سليم الشراري أ . د. خالد بن سليم الشراري
Published: June 2021

البحث هو دراسةٌ لقاعدة: (الفضيلة المتعلقة بنفس العبادة أولى من الفضيلة المتعلقة بمكانها) دراسة نظرية تطبيقية؛ لأن العلماء الذين ذكــــــــــــروا هذه القـــــاعدة لم يكتبوا فيها من حيث بيان معناها لغةً واصطلاحًا، ولا من حيث بيان حجيتها، والأدلة على صحة الاحتجاج بها، ولا من حيث بيان شروط تطبيقها، فقمت ببيان ذلك، مع جمع الفروع الفقهية المندرجة تحتها، والمتناثرة في مؤلفات العلماء، وبيان وجه دخولها تحت القاعدة، ومناقشة الفروع التي أُدخلت تحت القاعدة وهي غير داخلة. وكان منهجي في كتابة البحث استقرائيًّا فيما يتعلق بالرجوع إلى مصادر البحث، ووصفيًّا تحليليًّا فيما يتعلق بدراسة مسائله ومناقشتها. وكان من أهم نتائج البحث ما يلي: 1- معنى القاعدة: أن العبادة إذا دار فعلُها بين مكانين: فاضل ومفضول، وإذا فُعلت في المكان المفضول حصل فيها من الصفات المرغوبة المتعلقة بنفس العبادة، ما لم يحصل فيها فيما لو فُعلت في المكان الفاضل، ففعلها في المكان المفضول أولى. 2- من العلماء من ذكر القاعدة مقتصرًا على المفاضلة فيها بين ما يتعلق بنفس العبادة وما يتعلق بمكانها، ومنهم من فاضل فيها بين ما يتعلق بنفس العبادة وما يتعلق بمكانها أو زمانها، ولا شك أنه يثبت لزمانها ما ثبت لمكانها من حكم؛ لأن المكان والزمان سواء من حيث كونهما أوصافًا للعبادة وليسا من ذاتها. 3- القاعدة احتج بها كثير من العلماء، وقد دلَّ على حجيتها عدة أدلة ذكرتها في البحث. 4- يشترط لتطبيق القاعدة أربعة شروط، ذكرتها في البحث. 5- انبنى على هذه القاعدة كثيرٌ من الفروع الفقهية، ذكرت طائفةً منها في البحث.
Charakterystyka stosunków dyplomatycznych Czarnogóry i Republiki Albanii
Authors: Bojović Filip
Published: June 2021

Characteristics of diplomatic relations between Montenegro and the Republic of Albania

In this article, the author describes modern diplomatic relations between Montenegro and Albania. In order to present the close ties between the two countries, will be shown the common history of both nations, which influenced the subsequent development of diplomatic relations. Attention will be focused primarily on the main branches of cooperation and on joint initiatives in the field of protection of national minorities.
Regulacja statusu prawnego potrianońskiej diaspory zamieszkującej państwa ościenne jako istotny cel polityki zagranicznej Węgierskiego Forum Demokratycznego w latach 1990–1994
Authors: Jach-Chrząszcz Artur
Published: June 2021

Regulation of the legal status of the post-Trianon diaspora inhabiting neighboring countries as a vital goal of the Hungarian Democratic Forum foreign policies between 1990 and 1994

The political transformation that started at the end of the 80s required the newly elected governments of both Central and Eastern Europe to modify and – in some cases – even develop from scratch legal regulations allowing for a proper functioning of such countries in a completely new political reality. By starting with the presentation of the political Trianon discourse in the inter-war and people’s democracy periods, the author is going to analyze the attempts of the very first Hungarian government (led by the Hungarian Democratic Forum between 1990 and 1994) after the political transformation that aimed at regulating the legal status of diaspora living in countries neighboring with Hungary.
Social, economic and population processes in Transylvania in the hundred years after Trianon
Authors: Tibor Elekes
Published: June 2021

Of all losers of the first World War Hungary had been the most penalized. That included the losing of over two third of its territory and nearly as much of its population. Albeit paying lip service to the right of self-determination, the victors delegated 5,5 million people into a minority position (whilst for some this meant no change, yet brought difficulties). It was only 5,2 million about whom it could be claimed on ethnic grounds – in part with reservations – that their fate as that of a community improved. In the areas annexed by Romania, the socio-economic processes of the wider region prevailed in the studied period. The greatest change took place during Communism’s four decades. The main objective of the centrally managed economy was industrialization, and soon the national-communist leadership aimed at creating a „homogenized society”. Population growth of four decades after the second World War came to a halt due to mass emigration and decline in birth rate in the early 1990s; the number of population falling by nearly 4 million to date. In proportional terms the loss of the 16,8 million strong Romanians (2011) and the 1,2 million strong Hungarians was near identical during the 2002–2011 period. By 2011, the number of Transylvanian Germans counting 600 000 prior to the second World War had been reduced to 36 000. The number of the half a million strong in 1930 Jews had fallen to a few hundred. At the same time, the number of Romani increased to 621 000. The Hungarian indigenous minority in Transylvania see the survival of their community in the realization of autonomy in Székelyland, and in Northwestern Transylvania.
Relations between Hungary and countries of the Central and Eastern European region: collapse and reorganisation, 1918–1925
Authors: Hajdú Zoltán
Published: June 2021

The First World War caused very deep and fundamental changes in Central and Eastern Europe. The biggest loser of the war was the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Kingdom of Hungary as one of its parts was dissolved in the framework of Trianon Peace Treaty. The new Hungary could retain only 28,6% of the former territory and 36,5% of its former population. After 1920 the League of Nations was planned a new collective European security system.
Wpływ traktatu z Trianon na relacje węgiersko-słowackie
Authors: Puzyniak Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

The influence of the Treaty of Trianon on Hungarian-Slovak relations In modern Central Europe there is still no shortage of countries whose mutual relations largely determine historical experience, and more specifically a different interpretation and assessment of events from the past. An excellent example of this is Hungary’s relations with neighboring countries, which are marked by events from the second half of the nineteenth century, i.e. the period when the authorities of the then Kingdom of Hungary conducted intensive Magyarization of national minorities and the first half of the twentieth century, as a result of the provisions of the Trianon Treaty, Budapest lost more than half of its area, and 3,227 million Hungarians were outside the country. The Trianon Treaty, which is still a traumatic memory and an unhealed wound, has a great impact on mutual relations. This article presents the impact of the Trianon Treaty on Hungarian-Slovak relations. Currently, 460,000 Hungarians live in Slovakia, who found themselves in the Republic as a result of the provisions of the said treaty. Importantly, it is the second-largest Hungarian minority in the Carpathian Sea Basin. In addition, it is a compact community, inhabiting the southern area of the country along the Hungarian border, conducting active political and cultural activities, and remaining in strong relations with their motherland. The abovementioned factors and fears of the Slovaks against the revisionist policy of Budapest in the interwar period and in the early 1990s meant that the topic of Trianon permanently inscribed in mutual relations.
Беларусь – Венгрия: паттерн взаимодействия в условиях ассиметричных объединений
Authors: Lazorkina Olga
Published: June 2021

Belarus – Hungary: pattern of interaction in the conditions of asymmetric associations

The article focuses on bilateral relations between the Republic of Belarus and Hungary in the context of their membership in the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union. The author made an attempt to define the model of bilateral cooperation between states limited in their actions by membership in regional associations. The features of the development of political dialogue, which was formed under the influence of the national vision and approaches of the EU as a whole, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the regional format of relations within the Visegrad Group, CEI and the „Eastern Partnership” initiative. The analysis current state of trade and economic cooperation between Belarus and Hungary is made. The author identifies the strengths and weaknesses of relations, and outlines perspective spheres of cooperation.

The active phase of relations between Belarus and Hungary began in the 2000-s, when the parties finally decided on the vectors of their foreign policy. The launch of the „Eastern Partnership” initiative has played a decisive role in the development of political dialogue and economic cooperation on an ongoing basis. Bilateral relations between Belarus and Hungary are an example for building a model of interaction that is not burdened by a common historical past and based on pragmatism. The fairly active political dialogue between the two countries is based on an economic component. In parallel, the parties actively declare the primacy of national interests over collective ones – the EU and the EAEU. At the same time, the analysis indicates, membership in regional associations significantly limits the possibilities of their implementation in practice. This especially affects the trade and economic sphere of interaction. These factors determine the cyclical nature of relations between Belarus and Hungary. Thus, the bilateral format of cooperation within the framework of asymmetric associations is a sufficiently effective mechanism for the development of a full-fledged dialogue. At the same time, it is important to understand that the political component is secondary to the economic one. This approach allows the parties not to overestimate expectations and to develop mutually beneficial, equal relationships based on pragmatism and real opportunities.
Proces kształtowania celów polityki energetyczno-klimatycznej Unii Europejskiej do 2030 roku. Konsekwencje dla Polski
Authors: Koczan Marcin
Published: June 2021

The process of creation the goals of the European Union’s energy and climate policy until 2030. Consequences for Poland

This study analyses the first energy and climate package adopted in 2008 (the so-called „20-20-20” package), setting goals for the European Union and the member states by 2020. Then describes the process of shaping the goals of the energy and climate policy of the European Union until 2030. The author focuses on the aspects that affect the electricity sector in Poland, boost renewable energy usage, re‑form the European energy market and reducing CO2 emissions. The text ends with conclusions and recommendations regarding the impact of the European Union’s energy and climate policy on the electricity sector in Poland.
The gas sector of Ukraine: past and future
Authors: Voytyuk Oksana
Published: June 2021

The Ukrainian gas sector has a long history. Ukraine ranks third in Europe in terms of gas potential. Regardless of such great potential, Ukraine still imports gas. There are three gas-bearing regions in Ukraine – Carpathian, Dnipro-Donetsk and Black sea region. Gas production began at the beginning of the 20th century. After the Second World War, Ukraine was the main exporter of gas from the USSR to Eastern Europe. Today, private companies provide the majority of gas production in Ukraine. Currently, the largest gas deposits are mature, and the newly discovered deposits require large investment outlays. The Ukrainian gas pipeline system has strategic importance and it is connected to underground gas storage facilities. Currently, the system works only on 50% of its own capacity due to the decrease in the volume of gas transit through Ukraine from Russia. The biggest problems in the gas sector are corruption related to the issuing of licenses for the development of new deposits and the lack of an appropriate pace of energy reforms. The proper implementation of the 2035 Energy Strategy may help improve the situation in this sector.
Sytuacja polityczna Turków w Republice Macedonii i relacje turecko-macedońskie
Authors: Mazepa Diana
Published: June 2021

The political situation of Turks in the Republic of Macedonia and Turkish-Macedonian relations

The Republic of North Macedonia is a small country on the Balkan Peninsula, which is characterized by the accumulation of many national and ethnic and religious groups in a small area (25 713 km2) – among them are Macedonians, Albanians, Turks, Roma, Vlachs, Serbs or Bosnians, as well as other smaller nationalities and ethnic groups. This article aims to present the origins of the Turks in Northern Macedonia, and at the same time to indicate the reasons for emigration from these areas and to present political parties and organizations representing the interests of Turks and their most important activities for the benefit of this minority. The article also analyze Turkish-Macedonian relations ranging from the proclamation of Macedonian independence to the accession of the Republic of Northern Macedonia to the structures of the NATO in 2020.
Uwarunkowania procesu pojednania w Kambodży
Authors: Zarzecki Radosław
Published: June 2021

Determinants of Reconciliation in Cambodia

Forty years after Cambodian genocide the reconciliation is still in early stage. Despite such long time there was almost nothing done, especially in 20th century, to make that process happened. The article discusses the determinants, reasons and factors that had impact on reconciliation. Determinants can be divided into different categories. First of all the socio-historical background. Circumstances in which Khmer Rouge come to power, their revolutionary approach to economy, implemented reforms, use of children, displacements of people and categorization of citizens had great impact on post-1979 Cambodia. Another determinant is a political one. Policy of post-Khmer Rouge Cambodia rulers stunted the reconciliation. There reason of such actions are multidimensional but the most important one is provenance of People’s Republic of Kampuchea leaders. The most important figures in Cambodia politics are ex-Khmer Rouge soldiers, accused by some of taking a part in genocide. What’s even more confusing, the most powerful opposition party in 1980s were perpetrators themselves and their allies. Even after signing Paris Peace Accords in 1991 until early 2000s there was no will to punish Khmer Rouge officials responsible for genocide. The Cambodian culture of silence, the third determinant, only exacerbates a difficult situation. Cambodians rarely speak about atrocities and harsh past because of fear, shame or trauma. Even in school textbooks until 2009 there was almost nothing said about tragic events which happened between 1975 and 1979. History of Democratic Kampuchea still affects the Cambodian society. Despite sentencing few Khmer Rouge officials in 2010s, there’s still lot to be done also on state-level. Reconciliation and coming back to the state of balance is the main challenge for Cambodia in the nearest future, crucially important to social and political life of this nation.
Fabrication of reusable polymer nanocomposite films made of thermoplastic polyurethane and modified BiVO4 for photodegradation of Malachite Green
Authors: Mohan R. , Jineesh A. G. , Prabu N. Manikanda
Published: June 2021

Semiconducting BiVO4, is successfully prepared by solid-state route and attempts are taken to dope vanadium sites by titanium ions to produce BiV1-xTixO4 (x = 5%, 10% and 15%). The products are analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The average particle sizes are in the range of 71-82 nm. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the band gaps are estimated and fall in visible range (2.11-2.41 eV). These nanomaterials are investigated for the photodegradation of malachite green dye solution that can find application in wastewater treatment and their efficiencies are investigated by time-dependent UV-Visible spectroscopy. 15% titanium doped BiVO4 (BVO-15) showed the highest efficiency by completely degrading malachite green in 180 min under visible light irradiation. In such heterogenous processes, separation of the used nanocatalysts remain a challenge. To address this, reusable polymer nanocomposite films are prepared using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to immobilize BVO-15. The polymer nanocomposite film with 0.10 g of catalyst in 1 g of TPU showed maximum efficiency (~ 96%). The powder and film catalysts are investigated for three cycles and found to be effective. Thus, they show remarkable photocatalytic activity, stability and reusability that make them suitable for the wastewater treatment.
Lessons Learned From a Rural Classroom Study: Transitioning From Concrete to Virtual Manipulatives to Teach Math Fact Fluency to Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Kabel Matthew , Hwang Jiyung , Hwang Jiwon
Published: June 2021

As the use of technology has become more prevalent within the educational environment over the past decade, the emergence of the use of virtual manipulatives to support student learning in math has made transitioning to technology-infused math instruction unavoidable. Students in rural areas, however, have tended to receive far less technology-infused instruction due to the many challenges faced by rural schools that can adversely affect academic opportunities and disrupt equity in learning and teaching. In the current paper, we report on a classroom study conducted to examine whether the previously proven effects of concrete manipulatives can carry over into those of virtual manipulatives when teaching math fact fluency in multiplication and explored the potential for virtual manipulatives in rural classrooms from the teacher’s perspective.  Quantitative and qualitative results both indicated a promising potential for usage of virtual manipulatives, with meaningful implications for practitioners. The educational implications for designing and planning effective instruction incorporating virtual manipulatives are discussed.
Digital storytelling as a tool for reflection in virtual reality projects
Authors: Kim Deoksoon , Coenraad Merijke , Park Ho Ryong
Published: June 2021

Reflection is essential for learning and development, especially among middle school students. In this paper, we describe how middle school students can engage in reflective learning by composing digital stories in a project-based learning environment employing virtual reality. Adopting multiple case study methods, we examined the digital stories of five students, together with classroom observations and interviews about their experiences, in order to explore how digital storytelling can allowed students to reflect upon their experiences in a year-end capstone program. Creating digital stories allowed students to 1) reflect on their learning experiences teaching younger students with virtual reality, 2) present their reflections in multiple modalities, and 3) make connections between their present experiences and the past and future. This study demonstrates how digital storytelling can enable multimodal reflection for middle school students, particularly within technology-focused project-based learning environments.

Keywords: digital storytelling; project-based learning; reflection; middle school learners
Pandemia Covid-19 y Pueblos Indígenas en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Authors: Maidana Carolina , Martínez Alejandro , Tamagno Liliana Ester
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar las respuestas de los pueblos indígenas ante la pandemia Covid-19, específicamente las acciones de ciertas organizaciones indígenas de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires - Argentina. Si bien éstas se vinculan a saberes y prácticas ancestrales, también se relacionan con sus historias, trayectorias y transformaciones. Por ello se plantea que para valorar los potenciales aportes de otras cosmovisiones para enfrentar la emergencia sanitaria es imprescindible revisar el racismo y etnocentrismo desde donde se descalifican a estos “otros” conocimientos y a sus portadores.
História & outras eróticas (2020)
Authors: Peres Carvalho Natália
Published: June 2021

Em um cenário de constantes ataques a educação e a ciência no Brasil, nota-se ainda uma resistência por parte daqueles que continuam firmes na produção de um conhecimento que busca reflexões contínuas da sociedade atual e da pluralidade de indivíduos nela inseridos. Desse desejo de resistir é que nasceu História e outras eróticas (2020), organizado por Martha S. Santos, Marcos Antonio de Menezes e Robson Pereira da Silva. Todos os ensaios presentes na obra dedicam-se com empenho e sucesso a debater os ataques empreendidos contra as populações negras, índigenas, de mulheres e LGBTQI+, sobretudo àqueles sujeitos e sujeitas marcadas pela pobreza e precariedade da vida e do mundo do trabalho. Desse modo, História e outras eróticas (2020) configura-se como uma leitura obrigatória, bem como sinônimo de resistência e um alento a defesa dos direitos humanos.
Editorial: combates pela vida
Authors: Albuquerque: revista de história Editores de
Published: June 2021

Editorial de albuquerque: revista de história, v. 13, n. 25, jan./jun. 2021.
MULHERES TRANS, VIOLÊNCIA SIMBÓLICA E O RITO DE PASSAGEM DE INDIVÍDUO A SUJEITO TRANS NA PERSPECTIVA DE ALAN TOURAINE
Authors: Silva Juliani , Fraga Lucimary , Nogueira Sandra , Bolter Serli
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo abordam-se conexões entre violência simbólica, sujeito e transfeminismo como práxis emancipatória. A pergunta que norteia esta investigação é: a passagem de indivíduo a sujeito pode inibir a violência simbólica contra o segmento trans? Assim, num primeiro momento serão feitas considerações acerca da violência simbólica como forma de opressão as identidades trans. Num segundo momento, será abordada a busca por cidadania como uma afirmação do direito à diferença. Em seguida será discutida a definição do ser mulher e a constituição das transidentidades enquanto sujeitos, a partir de Alain Touraine. Por fim, é discutido o sujeito trans no movimento transfeminista e sua importância para a garantia dos direitos trans. Em nível metodológico, faz-se uma abordagem histórico-sociológica para compreender os aspectos sociológicos que envolvem o processo do tornar-se sujeito e cidadão, além de possibilitar um olhar sobre a violência simbólica sofrida por este segmento. A compreensão complexa mostra-se pertinente, a fim de possibilitar um olhar sistêmico para as vivências Trans, tirando-as da (in)visibilidade social.
Pengaruh Implementasi Pelayanan Informasi Obat Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Di Apotek
Authors: Musyarofah Musyarofah , Fajarini Hanari , Balfas Rifqi Ferry , Dence Efi
Published: June 2021

Pada pelayanan kesehatan, obat merupakan komponen yang penting karena diperlukan dalam sebagian besar upaya kesehatan untuk menghilangkan gejala dari suatu penyakit, mencegah penyakit, serta dapat menyembuhkan penyakit. Tetapi di lain pihak obat dapat menimbulkan efek yang tidak diinginkan apabila penggunaannya tidak tepat. Pelayanan kefarmasian pada saat ini telah bergeser orientasinya dari pelayanan obat (drug oriented) menjadi pelayanan pasien (patient oriented)yang mengacu pada asuhan kefarmasian(pharmaceutical care). sehingga dapat menghindari risiko terjadinya medication error serta memenuhi kebutuhan pasien dan kepuasan pasien dalam memperoleh pengobatan atau pemberian obat dari apoteker. Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi pelayanan informasi obat kepada pasien yang ada di Apotek Sawojajar dan kepuasan pasien dalam menerima pelayanan informasi obat oleh petugas apotek maupun apoteker.Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa hasil analisis diperoleh nilai P_value sebesar 0,024 (p<0,05) sehingga terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara implementasi PIO dan kepuasan pasien. Metode penelitian yang penulis ambil adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik yang akan menggunakan quisioner untuk dapat mengambil pernyataan pasien sebagai bahan uji dalam penelitian.Dengan adanya pemberian pelayanan informasi obat dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas mutu apotek dalam pelayanan informasi obat kepada pasien, memberikan pelayanan informasi obat yang benar, jelas dan tepat, mengetahui kelemahan dan keunggulan apotek dalam segi pelayanan informasi obat
Profil Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Salak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Setiyabudi Lulu , Herdiana Irvan , Hilmi Wildan
Published: June 2021

Sebagian besar masyarakat menganggap bahwa kulit salak merupakan limbah yang tidak bisa digunakan.Masyarakat hanya memanfaatkan buah salak dari bagian dagingnya saja, bagian lainnya seperti kulit buah salak belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Kulit salak memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki manfaat sebagai alternatif pengobatan, dan berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dalam ekstrak etanol kulit salak terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi. Kulit buah salak diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dengan metode maserasi. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol kulit salak diuji terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram kertas.Ekstrak etanol kulit salak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi. Semakin besar konsentrasi ekstrak, diameter zona bening yang terbentuk semakin luas. Aktivitas antibakteri palingefektifpada konsentrasi 20%. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam ekstrak kulit salak berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, tanin, dan kuinon.
Basics of human genetics
Authors: Lier Thomas , Harutyunyan Tigran , Hovhannisyan Galina
Published: June 2021

The manual provides information on the need for genetic counseling and the preconditions for its implementation, which is very relevant for Armenia today. The manual is addressed to students studying biology and medicine, as well as professionals and people interested in human genetics in general.
Psychological assessment of the training of specialist
Authors: Papoyan Varduhi , Galstyan Alina , Sargsyan Diana
Published: June 2021

The manual is written under the code “18T-5A056” funded by the RA Committee of Science within the framework of the topic “Psychological assessment of a person in the process of professional training”. This manual is devoted to the issue of psychological evaluation of professional training. It includes both theoretical analysis, the developed and localized psychological assessment toolkit with relevant tests and questionnaires. The manual includes practical exercises, which have been tested among the students of secondary and higher education institutions. The manual can be used by psychologists and pedagogues of educational institutions.
Fearless woman. The last years of Zabel Yesayan's life in documents, letters, memoirs
Authors: Khalatova Karine
Published: June 2021

The well-known Western Armenian writer Zabel Yesayan (1878‒1942(?)) acquired the status of a Soviet writer, returning to her homeland in 1933, where in 1937, like many repatriates, she became a victim of Stalinist repressions. The fruitful creative path of the native of Constantinople was accompanied by the bloody trace of the Armenian people, she was an eyewitness of the tragedy in Adana, Cilicia ... and tried to save the lives of the surviving refugees and orphans. “Zabel's character was not fragile. She saw with her own eyes how deserted Western Armenia, how villages and cities turned into ashes. However, she retained her mental fortitude, never despaired and did not drop her pen ...” The author of the first monograph about her, S. Arzumanyan, wrote about this in 1966, and in 2017, the American portal Refinery 29 announced Zabel Yesayan as one of the five fearless women in the world. As evidence of this, the author placed in the book documents, letters, memoirs, as well as excerpts from her works published for the first time in Russian translation.
Yerevan State University: semiotics of space, intellectual landscape, social memory
Authors: Simyan Tigran
Published: June 2021

The monograph examines the semiotic space of the interior and exterior of Yerevan State University. Particular attention is paid to the foyer of the main building, the structure of the university museum, cultural artifacts, as well as the exterior space, bas-reliefs, sculptures, cross-stones, a blossoming cross-staff, graffiti dedicated to those who died in Karabakh in 2016. The book can be useful for semiotics of culture, researchers of urban space, culturologists, religious scholars, as well as anyone interested in historical, social and cultural memory.
Comparative Analysis of Pak-Indo Press Role toward Annexation of Special Status of Kashmir: From War to Peace Perspective
Authors: Qadri Muhammad Ahmed , Khan Rooh Ul Amin , Abbas Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Indo-Pak Conflict on the territory of Kashmir started with Pakistan’s released in August 1947. At that time all the states were given the choice of choosing India or Pakistan. The then princely states rulers had to make their option. There have been some preliminaries, they said when selecting both states; one is the geographical proximity and the one was for the public ambition. In October 1947, given the fact that Kashmir was predominantly Muslim state that opted for the state of Pakistan, while the Kashmir’s Maharaja chose India in support. This choice was perceived by the Pakistani government as fraudulent, unfair and entirely unrecognized judgement. Furthermore, the religious orientation of more Kashmiri inhabitants can be seen as another factor in this conflict (Qumber, Ishaque and Shah 2017). This study aims to explore framing from war to peace-journalism after the Indian attempt of August 5, 2019, to annex the special status of Kashmir, in two English elite newspapers i.e. Daily Dawn, a Pakistani newspaper and the other is Hindustan Times an Indian Newspaper. The study explores news stories on front page along with editorials of these newspapers to understand how these newspapers covered and framed the issue?
Primary Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty in male neonates with Anorectal Malformations: A tertiary care hospital experience
Authors: Tiwari Charu , Shenoy Neha S , Gandhi Suraj , Makan Apoorva , Basu Syamantak , Tulsian Akruti , Shah Hemanshi
Published: June 2021

Background: The conventional surgical management for a male neonate with intermediate Anorectal Malformation (ARM) involves three stages – the creation of a diversion stoma in the neonatal period, a definitive pull-through procedure/ Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty (PSARP) followed by stoma closure. With this background, we present our experience with Single-stage primary definitive repair in selected male neonates with ARM.
Methods: Medical records of male ARM cases managed from 2016 to 2018 were reviewed. Male neonates who underwent primary PSARP were analysed retrospectively.
Results: A total of 35 records were found, out of which 12 male neonates underwent primary PSARP. The      median gestational age and birth weight were 36.7 weeks and 2.75 kg respectively. Fistula with urinary tract was documented in all. The mean operative time was      65 minutes +/- 15 minutes. Two neonates had minor superficial surgical site infection at neo-anus. Anal dilatations were started after 2 weeks. At follow-up period of 3 years, 11 patients were continent; one patient had constipation with pseudo-incontinence which was successfully being managed by bowel management programme.
Conclusions: A primary definitive procedure is feasible when performed on carefully selected male neonates with ARM and also avoids the morbidity of stoma and multiple surgeries and follow-up visits to hospitals.
Charles M Fombad and Nico Steytler, Corruption and Constitutionalism in Africa: Revisiting Control Measures and Strategies (Oxford University Press 2020)
Authors: Mathiba Gaopalelwe
Published: June 2021

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