bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanotecnología: Un nuevo paradigma científico en la producción agropecuaria del siglo XXI
Authors: Lira Saldivar Ricardo Hugo , Méndez Argüello Bulmaro
Published: August 2018

El avance de la ciencia está llevando a la humanidad a la era de la nanotecnología (NT), que en términos sencillos, se reere a la tecnología practicada sobre los materiales a nivel molecular. La NT, es la ciencia que está sustentada en la capacidad de medir, manipular y organizar la materia a escalananométrica, entre 1 y 100 nanómetros (10????9 m), tiene la capacidad de impulsar el incremento de la producción de alimentos por medio de la agricultura sustentable, debido a que permite usar agua, pesticidas y fertilizantes de forma más eciente y en menor cantidad (Duhan et al. 2017). Las aplicaciones de la NT son enormes, como los nanosensores para el monitoreo tosanitario, zeolitas nanoporosas para la liberación lenta de fertilizantes, nanoaditivos alimenticios, medicamentos, nanoemulsiones para el tratamiento y la prevención de enfermedades (Ganesh 2017). En el sector agrícola los reportes sobre la aplicación de nanopartículas (NPs) metálicascon Fe, Cu y Zn, indican que mejoran la germinación de las semillas, el crecimiento, el contenido nutricional, la actividad enzimática y el rendimiento(Bradeld et al. 2017).
Bacteriófagos en el control biológico de Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola agente causal del tizón de halo del frijol
Authors: Quiñones-Aguilar Evangelina Esmeralda , Reyes-Tena Alfredo , Hernández-Montiel Luis Guillermo , Rincón Enríquez Gabriel
Published: August 2018

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psph) es el agente causal del tizón de halo del cultivo de frijol. El manejo de esta enfermedad está basado en antibióticos agrícolas o compuestos a base de cobre. Una alternativa es el control biológico con virus bacterianos (bacteriófagos). Por lo anterior, el objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de bacteriófagos nativos del estado de Zacatecas en el control de cepas virulentas de Psph. Se realizaron tres experimentos: 1) se evaluó la patogenicidad y virulencia de seis cepas de Psph y la cepa de referencia 1448A en ejotes y plantas de frijol variedad Negro Bolita; 2) se evaluó la virulencia de las tres cepas más agresivas en la variedad Flor de Mayo que presenta mayor tolerancia al tizón de halo; y 3) se evaluaron siete bacteriófagos para determinar el control biológico del tizón en la cepa nativa Psph1 y la cepa 1448A en ejotes de frijol variedad Flor de Mayo. Se cuantificó el área del tizón de halo en mm2, se encontró que las seis cepas Psph nativas fueron patogénicas en ejotes y plantas de frijol; la virulencia de mayor a menor grado fue: 1448A (7.5 mm2); Psph67 (5.3 mm2) y Psph1 (3.8 mm2). Solo un bacteriófago (F2) redujo de forma signi cativa (p ≤ 0.05) un 60% el área provocada por la cepa 1448A en ejotes. Los resultados sugieren que la tecnología de los bacteriófagos podría ser una estrategia para el control biológico del tizón de halo del cultivo de frijol en la agricultura mexicana.
Control químico del ácaro rojo de las palmas Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)
Authors: Correa-Méndez Azalia , Osorio-Osorio Rodolfo , Hernández-Hernández Luis Ulises , De la Cruz-Lázaro Efraín , Márquez-Quiroz César , Salinas-Hernández Rosa Ma.
Published: August 2018

El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar la efectividad biológica de 19 acaricidas comerciales para el control de poblaciones de Raoiella indica Hirst en Tabasco, México. Los acaricidas se asperjaron sobre el follaje de plantas de cocotero híbrido (Alto del Pacíco x Enano Malayo), previamente infestadas con R. indica, en dosis y frecuencia de aplicación recomendadas. Se registró el número de ácaros que permanecieron vivos en la supercie abaxial del follaje a los 2, 7, 14 y 21 d después de la aplicación. Los acaricidas bifentrina, acequinocyl, bifenazate, spiromesifen, amitraz, fenpyroximate, clorfenapir, azufre, clorhidrato de formetanato, milbemectina, propargite y fenazaquin fueron los más efectivos, al reducir las poblaciones de R. indica en más del 95% a los 7 d después de la aplicación. Se propone el uso secuenciado de estos acaricidas en la región, basándose en sus modos de acción, para un control químico racional de la plaga.
Termorregulación, termotolerancia y tasa metabólica de adultos de Macrobrachium tenellum
Authors: Hernández Sandoval Pedro , Peraza Gómez Viridiana , Bacasegua-Villegas Isaac , Armenta-Valenzuela Eliazar , Martínez-Valenzuela Carmen , Alanis-Escalante Jesús , López-Sánchez José , García-Guerrero Marcelo
Published: August 2018

El objetivo fue determinar la termorregulación, termotolerancia (TCMax y TCMin) y consumo de oxígeno de adultos de Macrobrachium tenellum (21.3 g ± 1.23 g), para lo cual se evaluaron cinco temperaturas de aclimatación durante 30 d. La preferencia térmica fue de 26.5 °C, la temperatura de aclimatación no tuvo efecto signicativo en las preferencias térmicas. La TCMin y TCMax para cada temperatura de aclimatación fue de 10.2 °C, 11.01 °C, 11.9 °C, 12.9 °C y 13.7 °C, y 36.3 °C, 37.5 °C, 39.25 °C, 40.2 °C y 41.5 °C, con diferencias signicativas entre ellas, mientras que el polígono térmico fue de 331 °C2 , característica de especies euritérmicas. La tasa de consumo de oxígeno incrementó de 91.4 a 130.7 mg O2 kg-1 h-1 con la temperatura de aclimatación, lo que explica la preferencia de temperaturas bajas, su patrón de distribución y su óptimo térmico en etapa adulta.
Análisis de la fragmentación del paisaje de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México
Authors: Vega-Vela Valeria , Muñóz-Robles Carlos Alfonso , Rodríguez-Luna Ernesto , López-Acosta Juan Carlos , Serna Lagunes Ricardo
Published: August 2018

El análisis del paisaje caracteriza la estructura y funcionamiento ecológico, para proponer estrategias de mitigación a los problemas ambientales. El objetivo fue analizar la configuración espacial de elementos del paisaje de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas (RBLT), a partir de imágenes LANDSAT de 1995, 2006 y 2016. Las cuales fueron rectificadas y clasificadas de acuerdo a los tipos de cobertura y uso de suelo, cada una se analizó con métricas de paisaje mediante el software FRAGSTATS 3.3. Para el 2016, el 60% del paisaje corresponde a perfil agropecuario, con 95% de agregación y densidad de matriz del 0.9; el acahual constituye el 11.39% del paisaje y está compuesto por 6 242 fragmentos, con cobertura dispersa y desagregada, con densidad de 4.05; selva/bosque mesofilo de montaña (BMM) representa el 27% del paisaje con 2 141 fragmentos, 94.9% de agregación y densidad de matriz de 1.38. La selva/BMM es la cobertura con mayor índice de conectividad por lo que se deben realizar acciones para conservar estas áreas e incluso incrementar su superficie, mientras que los acahuales están en proceso de sucesión ecológica y se deben identificar los acahuales que están transitando a selva, para canalizar estos predios como áreas privadas de conservación. La RBLT, está incrementando la cobertura de selva/BMM, acahual y manglar y disminuyendo la matriz agropecuaria, lo que conlleva a la conservación de la biodiversidad.
Biomasa aérea y ecuaciones alométricas en un cafetal en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca
Authors: Terán-Ramírez Mayra Atalí , Rodríguez-Ortiz Gerardo , Enríquez-del Valle José Raymundo , Velasco-Velasco Vicente Arturo
Published: August 2018

Los sistemas agroforestales de café (SAFC) son de importancia productiva en el estado de Oaxaca. En los últimos 20 años han sido afectados por diversos factores que promueven el cambio de uso de suelo e incrementan los gases de efecto invernadero. Con el objetivo de analizar la estructura y acumulación de biomasa aérea en un SAFC y ajustar ecuaciones alométricas de biomasa para Coffea arabica L., se estableció un experimento bajo un diseño completamente al azar, con tres niveles de cobertura de copa en unidades experimentales de 400 m2, en las que se registraron medidas dasométricas de todos los árboles, los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y pruebas de medias de Duncan (p ≤ 0.05); por medio de regresión se seleccionaron las ecuaciones de biomasa aérea de los cafetos. La estructura del SAFC es irregular, se identi caron 14 especies presentando mayor frecuencia las especies Inga edulis Mart (749 árboles ha-1) y Liquidambar styraciflua L. (493 árboles ha-1). La mayor acumulación de biomasa se encontró en SAFC con nivel medio de cobertura para árboles sombra y total aéreo de 43 y 86% con 78.4 ± 29.4 y 87.02 ± 33.3 t ha-1. La biomasa en el piso no mostró diferencias significativas entre los niveles de cobertura evaluados. Los compartimentos de biomasa aérea para C. arabica se estiman con coe cientes de ajuste entre 0.71 y 0.89, donde el diámetro basal y altura de los cafetos son variables independientes.
Hydrodynamics and measurement of natural currents in a plain river using acoustic Doppler equipment
Authors: Priego-Hernández Gaston , Rubio-Arias Héctor , Rivera-Trejo Fabián
Published: August 2018

Flow discharge and hydrodynamic field measurements are essential data for understanding aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to compare the use of three Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) in measuring flow discharge and hydrodynamics in the Carrizal River located in southeastern Mexico. The evaluated ADCPs operate on frequencies of 2 000 kHz, 1 500 kHz and 600 kHz. The measurements were carried out in a 100-m-wide cross section, five times each for each ADCP, within an estimated time of 5 min. The obtained data were: 1) flow velocity components; 2) depth; 3) transversal distance between each vector; 4) total distance of the cross section and; 5) geographic position of each vector. Tecplot® graphics were made with the collected information.The results showed that velocity magnitudes were low in bank areas, while high in the center. For a 5-m depth range, the 2 000-kHz ADCP keeps a more homogenous velocity distribution in comparison with the other equipment. The results showed that discharge measurements varied by no more than 5% among ADCPs. It is concluded that the most important variable in choosing an ADCP for a hydrodynamic study is its operating frequency
Characterization of the lactation curve of f1 Holstein-Zebu cows
Authors: Castillo-Gallegos Epigmenio
Published: August 2018

The objective was to nd a function to describe the lactation curve of grazing Holstein - Zebu cows (n=23) in tropical México. Twelve were based on the general nonlinear function A*Φ1(x)*Φ2(x): A, a positive scalar; Φ1 , a positive monotonically increasing function with asymptote Φ1 = 1; Φ2 , is a monotonically decreasing function with asymptote Φ2 = 0 and initial value of 1; and x is lactation time (days). For Φ1 , the Mitscherlitsch, Michaelis-Menten, generalized saturation kinetics, logistic, Gompertz and hyperbolic tangent equations were used, whilst for Φ2 , they were the exponential and inverse linear. A gamma function, the more used, and the addition of two logistic equations, the more biologically explicit, were also included. The smaller value of the Akaike information criterion corrected (AICc) indicated the latter was the one with the best t, so its use to study factors aecting the lactation curve is suggested.
Parámetros bioquímicos y hematológicos en ovinos de pelo con y sin sombra bajo condiciones desérticas
Authors: Vicente-Pérez Arnulfo , Avendaño-Reyes Leonel , Barajas-Cruz Rubén , Macías-Cruz Ulises , Correa-Calderón Abelardo , Vicente-Pérez Ricardo , Corrales-Navarro José Luis , Guerra-Liera Juan Eulogio
Published: August 2018

RESUMEN. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto del uso de sombra en corderas de pelo bajo condiciones de estrés calórico sobre parámetros bioquímicos y hematológicos. Veinte corderas de pelo de cruza Dorper x Pelibuey fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria a uno de dos tratamientos: 1) corderas en corraletas individuales cubiertas con sombra (CS, n=10); y 2) corderas en corraletas individuales sin acceso a sombra (SS, n=10). Se tomaron muestras de sangre por punción de la vena yugular, la colecta se realizó durante la mañana (6:00 h), cada tercer día durante los 16 d del estudio. Los parámetros hematológicos se determinaron en muestras de sangre fresca, mientras que los metabolitos y electrolitos se determinaron en muestras de suero. Los datos se analizaron con un diseño de bloques al azar. Las corderas CS presentaron menor (p < 0.05) concentración de colesterol y triglicéridos que las corderas SS. Las concentraciones de K y Cl fueron mayores (p < 0.05) para el grupo SS en relación con el grupo CS. Las corderas CS presentaron mayor (p < 0.05) concentración de plaquetocrito, volumen corpuscular medio, hemoglobina corpuscular media y ancho de distribución eritrocitaria, pero menor concentración de hemoglobina en relación a corderas SS. Los resultados muestran que los ovinos de pelo tienen capacidad de adaptación a altas temperaturas, ya que dado el tiempo de exposición al calor, no se observaron cambios importantes en los componentes hematológicos y bioquímicos.
A study into situated learning through community legal companionship
Authors: Waters Ben , Ashton Jeanette
Published: August 2018

Against the background of the current graduate skills agenda and its considered importance in relation to a UK law degree, this article considers the value of the CLOCK Community Legal Companion scheme, a collaborative social justice project involving law students, legal services providers, third sector advice agencies and law courts based in two areas of the country namely; Canterbury and Brighton. In recent years, the UK Government has significantly cut civil legal aid in areas such as housing, family and welfare benefits, with a view to easing the strain on the deficit. These cuts have been opposed by many, including lawyers, who have raised concerns that the most vulnerable within our communities could be left unrepresented in court and as a consequence an undue burden placed on our civil justice system. CLOCK therefore provides an opportunity for those within our communities who are caught in the so-called ‘justice gap’, to gain support and guidance from law students when they attend court unrepresented. The findings of a small-scale research project into the perceived benefits of Community Legal Companionship, conducted at two UK law schools; Canterbury Christ Church University and the University of Brighton, indicate that the socio-legal experiential learning opportunities for undergraduate law students presented by such initiatives, are also valuable in terms of legal skills acquisition. The research shows that the scheme not only enables law students to use their legal knowledge for the benefit of their local community, but also through analysis of their own perceptions, demonstrates how such a community-based project can provide undergraduate law students with valuable employability skills. Experiences of setting up a Community Legal Companion scheme, together with an overview of how the scheme operates in the Canterbury and Brighton County Courts, as well as students’ reflections of participating as Community Legal Companions drawn from the empirical qualitative research, are evaluated in this article.
Connectivity, confidentiality and confidence: Key issues in the provision of online pro bono activities
Authors: Jones Emma , Ryan Francine , McFaul Hugh
Published: August 2018

The provision of pro bono activities for law students has become an established feature of the undergraduate legal education landscape in Law Schools in the United Kingdom (“UK”) and beyond, providing the experiential elements of clinical legal education programmes. Pro bono activities conducted online, or utilising and enhanced by technologies in other ways (for example, through the development of a mobile phone application providing legal guidance), are increasingly becoming a part of this offering, reflecting wider shifts within legal practice and society and an increasing recognition of the importance of digital literacy skills. This paper will situate these forms of online and technologically-enhanced pro bono activities both within the wider context of contemporary clinical legal education and also as a part of broader professional and societal shifts. It will explore a variety of innovative approaches being taken internationally, including work done by The Open University’s Open Justice Centre in the UK, before moving on to focus on a number of key challenges and opportunities which may arise through the increasing provision of these new forms of pro bono activities by Law Schools. These include the potential and pitfalls of the technology involved, issues with confidentiality (particularly in the context of online legal advice) and the issue of how to foster trust in the online environment. The paper will conclude with a number of suggestions for areas requiring further research and discussion to enable contemporary clinicians to fully utilise the potential of online and technologically-enhanced pro bono activities.
After arrival, the problems facing refugees and their families: A clinical legal response
Authors: Marson James , Ferris Katy
Published: August 2018

Since 2016, a Refugee Family Reunion Law Clinic has operated from Sheffield Hallam University’s Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice (hereafter HKC Law Clinic). Given the austerity-driven political agenda of the UK government in cutting public funding to advisory services, the effects of LASPO and a continuing refugee crisis, refugees in many parts of the UK were in need of legal and non-legal assistance. To fill this gap in services university law clinics, including our own, began to offer specialised services to assist the refugee population. This has included family reunion and exceptional case funding applications, and expert legal advice for individuals who find themselves stateless, yet in many instances the formal assistance ends at this stage.The HKC Law Clinic and its staff have remained in contact with many of our refugee clients (some are now engaged as interpreters). Through this interaction we have observed a particular problem of the lack of post-arrival support for refugees and their families. Developing the Therapeutic Jurisprudence philosophy upon which the clinic is based, and thus ensuring a therapeutically positive experience for the Clinic’s users, we have begun a process of creating a more holistic clinical experience. Following the refugee clients’ successful family reunion application, and when building their new lives together in the local region, our clinic offers a range of support services to assist in the pragmatic issues facing the family.This aspect of the HKC Law Clinic is in its infancy, but this paper aims to demonstrate what university law clinics can achieve and provides examples of our experiences so far.
Acknowledging the relevance of empathy in clinical legal education. Some proposals from the experience of the University of Brescia (IT) and Valencia (ESP)
Authors: Gascón-Cuenca Andrés , Ghitti Carla , Malzani Francesca
Published: August 2018

Legal Clinical Education is experiencing a great development in the Spanish and the Italian university context. Nevertheless, it comes with new challenges that professors have not faced until now: students working in the field with people in situations of vulnerability or in complex realities. Given that one of the major goals of CLE is the preparation not only of professionals for the practice of law, but also people concerned about social justice and social diversity, this piece of research looks into the significance of working with students about the key role that empathy plays in the development of their relation with the people they assist. Moreover, we will suggest some activities to be introduced in the clinical training plan with this purpose, and lastly, we will construct some final thoughts about this research and the feedback we obtain from our clinical colleagues.
Round up of the 2nd Commercial Law Clinics Round Table - 9th March 2018
Authors: Roper Victoria
Published: August 2018

The second annual Commercial Law Clinics Roundtable took place at the University of Sheffield on 9th March. The event was well attended by a range of clinicians and clinic students as well as start-up and enterprise advisers. Louise Glover, who organised the event, started the day by welcoming delegates before briefly talking about the successful growth experienced by the University of Sheffield’s legal clinic.
Latent Light Binding Energy: Its Relevance to Lasers and White Light
Authors: Deo Madhav
Published: August 2018

Physics behind collimated highly directional nature of lasers, and factors that keep the seven coloured waves that form white light together during their journey from Sun to Earth, in the face of the natural disruptive forces, is not fully understood. Energy levels were measured, in terms of alterations in induced current and voltage, in beams from a red laser, white LED light and the Sunlight before and during their disruption by diffusers (frosted glass for the lasers) and diffractors (diffraction grating for the white light) using a photovoltaic solar cell panel attached to a digital multimeter. Results show that disruption of the beams results in release of extra energy named as ‘Latent Light Binding’ Energy’. It is hypothesized that the ‘binding’ energy keeps laser waves firmly bound together both end-on and side-on enabling laser beams to travel long distances in collimated manner. Likewise, the 7 coloured waves that constitute white light are kept together, probably side-on, in their journey from the Sun to the Earth. The observation that diffraction of sunbeam is associated with increased power generation provides a new lead to improve harnessing of solar energy, where, currently, the focus is mainly on improving efficiency of photovoltaic cell.
Novel Hybrid Chitosan Derivatives and Chalcones Moiety for Some Biological Applications: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anti Cancer Activity
Authors: Bagyaraj E. , Vakees E. , Aboobucker Sithique M.
Published: August 2018

Versatile hybrid organic polymers are prepared using two active intermediates such as cynuric chloride and chitosan derivatives. The prepared chalcones are characterized by using FT-IR, UV, and proton NMR, thermal analysis and Minimum inhibitory Concentration. Thermal stability of the synthesized hybrid polymer is found using TGA and the hybrid chitosan derivative chalcone is thermally stable up to 270 °C. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared chitosan containing chalcone moiety are find out using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. The synthesized versatile chalcone shows excellent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and Gram-positive bacteria Chalcone containing halogen moiety shows high activity (MIC 7.8 µg/mL) than the hydroxyl containing chalcone. Cytotoxicity activity of the synthesized composites shows high activity.
The Influence of Rehabilitation Techniques on Static and Variabile Loads in Case of a HSLA Steel Samples
Authors: Babis Claudiu , Solomon Gheorghe , Iacobescu Gabriel , Chivu Oana Roxana , Purcarea Anca Alexandra
Published: August 2018

There are many welded structures in the world such as bridges and viaducts that are subject to fatigue. These structures, generally made of non-alloy or low-alloy steels, have been put into operation some of them with many years ago and have accumulated a large number of variable load cycles over the time. For this reason the occurrence of fatigue phenomenon is inevitable and consists in the occurrence of failures at stresses applied to the structure, below the yield limit of the material. These stresses under the static loads would not cause the failures to appear..This paper will investigate whether two reconditioning techniques “weld toe grinding” and “WIG remelting weld toe”, influences favorably the behavior of welded structures made from HSLA steel, in static and variable loads and therefore if the application of these techniques is justified in both cases. In the paper will be presented the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the base and filler materials, micro and macrostructures, graphics with the variation of microhardness, static and fatigue tensile tests will be performed, and it will be rised durability curve in case of fatigue tests.
NILAI CINTA DALAM LIRIK LAGU â€œBINTANG LIMAâ€ KARYA AHMAD DHANI
Authors: Angela Nofia
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai nilai cinta yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu bintang lima karya Ahmad Dhani ditinjau dari pendekatan struktural-semiotik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari 15 maret 2015 hingga januari 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif  dengan metode analisis isi (content  analysis)  yang menguatamakan pengkajian isi, dengan menggunakan sumber data primer yaitu lirik lagu bintang lima. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan nilai cinta dalam setiap lirik lagu bintang lima karya Ahmad dhani ditinjau dari pendekatan struktural melalui dimensi tema leksikal, dimensi visual dan  dimensi  akustik  bunyi  kemudian dilanjutkan dengan memaknai nilai cinta ditinjau dari pendekatan semiotik melalui ikon,  indeks  dan  simbol.  Dengan hasil analisis 9 lirik lagu sebagai berikut: Roman picisan mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada lawan jenis, Dua Sejoli mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada lawan  jenis,  Risalah  Hati  mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada lawan  jenis,  Separuh  Nafas  mengungkapkan  dan  memaknai nilai cinta kepada lawan jenis, Cemburu mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada lawan jenis,  Hidup  Adalah Perjuangan mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada persaudaraan dan nilai cinta  kepada  diri sendiri, Lagu Cinta mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada lawan jenis, Cinta Adalah Misteri mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada Tuhan, Sayap-Sayap Patah mengungkapkan dan memaknai nilai cinta kepada  orang tua, kepada  persaudaraan  dan kepada  lawan jenis.

 

This research aimed to obtain the love understanding fotind in Bintang Lima lyrics by Ahmnd Dhnni tised structural-semiotic approach. The study wns conducted from 15 Mnrch 2015 IO JHntlE  2016. This research was a qualitative research used content analysis method which concernecl to content assessment useJ primary Jcita soiirCHS. The primary datn sources in this research were Bintang Lima Iyrics by Ahmad Dhani. This research showed the love in Bintang Lima lyrics by Ahmad Dhani useâ€¹l structural approach through lexical-thematic, visual and rhythmic-ncoustic. Then, the love was interpreteJ by semiotic approach through icons, indexes nncl syn1bols. The results of this research showed thnt roman picisan, dua sejoli, iisalah hati,separuh nafasond cemburu exspressed the erotic love. Hidup adalah perjuangan expressed the brotherly love an J Se/f love .Lagu cintn exspresseJ the erotic /oveCinta adalah misteri exspressetl the love of God and sayap-sayap patah expressed the love of parents for children, brotherly love, erotic love.
EXISTENCE OF MORAL CHARACTER IN THE PLAY JENAR BABAD TANAH PENGGING (Used Review of Content Analysis)
Authors: Muhamad Ichsan Nurjamâ€™an Muhamad , Rasyid Yumna , Anwar Miftahulkhairah
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study aims to reveal the types of moral existence of the main character Syekh Siti Jenar, the disclosure and description of the moral of Sheikh Siti Jenar, and the moral of Sheikh Siti Jenar with the reality of life in the Laker Babad Tanah Pengging by Saini K.M. The study was conducted form October 2016 to August 2017. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with content analysis technique starting focus of research, data collection, verification of data validity, analyze, interpret, find, verify, and conclude. The results show that this play contains a positive moral existence that can be used as a reference to study literature. The content of the play is closely related to the life of the community so the result of the research is suggested that the play "Syekh Siti Jenar in Babad Tanah Pengging," by Saini K.M. can serve as a medium for teaching individual, social, and moral religious which concerned about the moral issues of the students that occur in the process of literary learning.Keywords: The play, Main Figures, and existence of Moral
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF WOMEN WIDOWED IN THE SHORT STORY NAMANYA, MASSA, TARIAN HAMIL DAN PENYAIR BULAN, AND NORHAYATI (LITERARY REVIEW CROSS REFERENCE)
Authors: Prasetyawan Purnomosidhi Nur Ahid , Lustyantie Ninuk
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis research aimed to gain a deep understanding of comparative characterizations, household status, occupation or profession, and socio-cultural background of the third figure women widowed in a collection of short stories (short story), a literary review cross reference. This research seeks to understand the phenomenon of characterizations of women widowed in three short stories that are then compared between the three. Approach this research in the form of a qualitative approach and methods used are content analysis methods. The process of data analysis in this research is not based on an effort to test the hypothesis, but rather attempted to develop a theory or framework of thinking based on the theory of literary sociology, so researchers retain a major role as a tool research. Data sources the study consists of three short stories namely (1) â€œNamanya, Massaâ€, by Ratna Indraswari Ibrahim, a short story from Indonesia, (2) â€œTarian Hamil dan Penyair Bulanâ€ by Johari Tarif, short stories from Malaysia, (3) and "Norhayati" by Amil Jaya, a short story from Brunei Darussalam. The topic of this research inspired the character equality is in the short story from the collection of short stories in the book Menjenguk Dunia Batin Cerpen Serumpun (MDBCM). The findings of this research in the form of naming differences, education, household status, employment, and socio-cultural background. For the differences of the characters, properties, and the habit of the third figure women widowed: Massa, Lely, and Norhayati is caused by the difference in the level of education, occupation or profession, and socio-cultural environment.Keyword: characterizations, women's widow, short stories, literary cross reference
GREETINGS VARIETY TO SHOW POLITENESS IN GORONTALO LANGUAGE
Authors: Dama Dewi
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This research aims to present the forms of greetings in Gorontalo Language and the examples used in society. The study focused on the use of Gorontalo language and took place in Ayula Tilango Kecamatan Bulango Selatan. The data were obtained through observation and elicitation. The results indicated various greetings based on Based on the findings, in Bahasa Gorontalo, there are, namely: Name in the form of kinship relationship (family connection â€“ Vertically), name in the form of horizontal relationship (intimacy, friendship and body shape), name has a collective identifying character of the clan / fam (surname), name with religious title, name contains a custom title or an honors degree (given for personal achievements, a hero or died important person, important status in local government), and name contains a noble title.

Keywords: Greetings, naming, titles, Gorontalo Language.
STRUCTURES IN THE NOVEL OF BIDADARI-BIDADARI SURGA BY KARYA TERE LIYE ( STRUCTURALISM ANALYSIS)
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Attas Siti Gomo , Herlina Herlina
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This study aims to describe the character and characterization, plot, background, style of language, the point of view, theme and the mandate of Tere Liye's novel of  Bidadari-Bidadari Surga. The method in this study is the content analysis of qualitative approach. Based on data analysis, the following results are summarized as follows: 1) The main character in Tere Liye's  Novel of Bidadari-Bidadari Surga is Laisa, additional characters are Mamak, Babak, Dalimunte, Ikanuri, Wibisana, Yashinta. 2) The mixed flow, covering the situation Mother  send Message to his children about the condition of the sickly Laisa, her mother sent to her children who message to he who received the first Message that Dalimunte, Ikanuri, Wibisana, and Yashintaberanjak adult, childhood continue to haunt them, climax that is Kak Laisa not yet married must pass by Dalimunte and his siblings. Dalimunte finally married after being forced by Kak Laisa. 3) The background consists of three sections, a backdrop of thirty-one backgrounds, a twenty-seven background setting, and a social setting that is a disgrace in the Lahambay Valley if an unmarried girl over the age of twenty. 4) The Language Style is the style of comparison, contradiction, and affirmation. 5) The third person's perspective "he" is omniscient and the point of view of "I" extra figure 6) The theme is the sincere sacrifice of a brother for the future of his younger brothers. 7) The mandate of this life must be lived with sincerity and full of gratitude for all that God has given.

Keywords: Structure, Intrinsic Element, Novel
IMPROVING THE ABILITY OF WRITING A NARRATIVE CHARGE BY USING ANIMATED IMAGES MEDIA STUDENT CLASS V.B SD NEGERI 17 LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Noermanzah Noermanzah , Abid Syaiful , Septaria Septaria
Published: August 2018

The objective of this research was to explain the improvement of writing captions narrative using animated media images of class V.B SD Negeri 17 Lubuklinggau. The research method used was classroom action research. This research was conducted in two cycles. Techniques of collecting data using test and observation techniques. The research process of each cycle was done through four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study are students of class V.B with a total of 29 students consisting of 18 male students and 11 female students. The results showed that there was an increase in the ability to write a narrative essay of class V.B SD Negeri 17 Lubuklinggau by using animation media images. This is evidenced by students who get the value of â‰¥ 70 or who have completed in cycle two reached 93.10%. From the results of this study the Indonesian language teachers can use the animated media images in improving the ability to write narrative essay and ability on other basic competencies.
Keywords: writing skills, narrative essay, animated picture media
Team Approach: Timing of Operative Intervention in Multiply-Injured Patients
Authors: Vallier Heather A. , Como John J. , Wagner Karl G. , Moore Timothy A.
Published: August 2018

* Patients with multiple-system trauma are best managed by a multidisciplinary team.

* The general trauma surgeon is the leader of the care team, facilitating expeditious evaluation, resuscitation, and other treatment.

* Early Appropriate Care is the definitive treatment of mechanically unstable fractures of the thoracolumbar spine, pelvis, acetabulum, and proximal and diaphyseal regions of the femur once the patient is adequately resuscitated as indicated by improvement of metabolic acidosis (at least 1 of the following findings: lactate <4.0 mmol/L, pH ≥7.25, or base excess ≥−5.5 mmol/L).

* Early definitive stabilization of major axial and femoral fractures reduces complications, the duration of the hospital stay, and costs.
Conceptual approaches to improve the efficiency of energy and resource regional farmers
Authors: Antipova T. N.
Published: August 2018

Developed the concept of the provisions aimed at improving the efficiency of resource use in the production of agricultural products in the various regions of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the optimization of resource use in the cultivation of crops for intensive environmentally sound technologies allows to obtain high and stable yields and reduces the cost of fuel and lubricants, electricity, seeds, chemicals, labor per unit of output.
The budget for remuneration of labor is its role and place in the system of strategic planning in the enterprise
Authors: Goloshapova V. V.
Published: August 2018

Within the framework of the presented article, key aspects concerning the problems of the budget for remuneration of labor, its role and place in the system of strategic planning at the enterprise in modern conditions are analyzed.
Scientific foundations of the development of model forests in russia: factors and criteria
Authors: Sandu I. S. , Rybchinchuk O. A.
Published: August 2018

The article deals with the economic aspects and directions of functioning of the Russian timber industry complex at the present time, which is associated with a variety of systemic problems. According to the author it is necessary to find new forms of management of activity of the enterprises of a timber industry complex on the principles of rational and effective forest management. Based on this, the directions of formation of model forests as innovative cluster-type structures were determined.
The application of statistical methods in the expert studies of the basic capital of the regional economy
Authors: Dianov D. V. , Gayfulin N. V.
Published: August 2018

This scientific article describes the statistical methodology of assessment and analysis of fixed assets, and also reflected the possibility of using statistical methods in activities of internal Affairs bodies in the identification of economic crimes and offenses that are economic assets, attributable to fixed assets. The article identified and implemented opportunities of improvement application of statistical methods for the evaluation of fixed assets transferred to the belt in the judicial-economic examination, the basis of a substantial part of which is assessment examination aimed at determining the value of economic assets, adequate to modern market conditions and production levels. Moreover, we studied the analytical possibilities of the statistical indicators to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the structure, composition, condition, dynamics, movement, reproduction, and the efficiency of fixed assets. A key aspect of statistical modeling in this article was the quantitative assessment of the factors defining cost parameters of fixed assets taking into account their physical condition in terms of territorial certainty is homogeneous from a statistical point of view of the regions of the European part of Russia.
Improvement of methods of cadastral valuation of real estate on the basis of urban development value of the territory. Part I
Authors: Osennyaya A. V. , Khakhuk B. A. , Kushu A. A. , Kolomytseva A. A.
Published: August 2018

The article States that through existing methodological approaches to the valuation of cadastral value it is impossible to make an adequate assessment and change the tax base evenly. The authors have developed a step-by-step methodology for determining the cadastral value of real estate based on the definition of urban land value, its approbation and analysis of the results in terms of their relationship with the approved cadastral value and compliance with the prevailing market realities.
Methodological aspects of formation of organizational structures of the enterprise
Authors: Rodionova H. P. , Ostroukhov V. M.
Published: August 2018

The main approaches to the definition of the concept of «organizational structure of the enterprise». The main methodological concepts of the formation of effective organizational structures of the enterprise, taking into account the features of multidirectional environment of their functioning.
Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR) to the Nata de coco Anaerobic Treatment Eficiency and its Wastewater Characteristics
Authors: Azzahrani Istna Nafi , Davanti Fanny Arivia , Millati Ria , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur
Published: August 2018

In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on process stability of nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester. The standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 8.5 L was used to investigate the effect of three different hydraulic retention times (15, 20, and 25 days), and a standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 9.1 L was operated at different organic loading rates of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L/day. The findings revealed that minimum HRT for nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester was achieved at HRT 20 days. Based on data from this study, the reduction of organic content in nata de coco wastewater increased when OLR increased until 1 g/L/day. But then those parameters value decreased when OLR being increased further to 1.5 g/L/day. It showed that at 1.5 g/L/day the amount of substrate fed to the system was exceeding the total degradation capacity of methanogenic microorganisms, hence the organic overload happened and decreased the efficiency of organic content reduction in anaerobic treatment of nata de coco wastewater.
Initial Moisture Content of Corncobs Plays an Important Role in Maintaining its Quality during Storage
Authors: Mukkun Lince , J.D. Lalel Herianus , Tandirubak Yuliana
Published: August 2018

Maize is one of the important staple foods for people in Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Subsistent farmers store the maize for their own consumption until the next harvest season, for seed and feed.  However, high initial water content of the kernel due to improper drying prior storage initiate serious damage and losses during the maize storage.  High water content promotes the growth of fungi and insects, and increase respiration rate, resulting in rapid deterioration of maize. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial moisture content that might minimize damage and losses of maize in the farmers’ storage, and to study the effects of some plant materials that are used to smoke corns before storage. The experiment was initiated by sun-drying the harvested corncobs for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days (6 hours a day). This experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Dried corncobs were stored in the farmer’s storage for 4 months. The effects of maize kernels’ initial water content on the development of water content in kernels; the percentage of damaged kernels; and the species of pathogen and insects were investigated during storage with 2-week intervals.  The results demonstrated that drying the corncobs prior storage for 10 days, resulting in 12.96% of water content, significantly decreased the percentage of seed damage to 6.5%, as compared to without drying process which resulted  in 63%.  Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp were found to be the main pathogen during storage.  There are no insect pests found during the storage.
Eruption Characteristic of the Sleeping Volcano, Sinabung, North Sumatera, Indonesia, and SMS Gateway for Disaster Early Warning System
Authors: Kusumayudha Sari Bahagiarti , Lestari Puji , Paripurno Eko Teguh
Published: August 2018

Sinabung, the sleeping volcano since the year 1600 awakened and erupted in 2010, 2013, and 2015. The volcano is located in Karo District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, geographically on 3o10’ North Latitude, and 98o23, East Longitude. It is about 2460 m high above sea level, and the highest volcano of Sumatera. Sinabung has been estimated about 400 years long inactive, therefore categorized as B type of volcano. It was astonishing; Sinabung erupted on 27 August 2010, again on November 2013, and in May to June 2015. Awakening of the volcano hypothetically has been triggered by last decade earthquakes happened in North Sumatera and surrounding area, including the great earthquake and tsunami of Aceh, December 2004 that caused about 115,000 people died. Because of the volcano has been slept for a long time, people live in the surrounding area were not prepared yet to facing the eruption. In order to reduce the risk such a countermeasure should be developed especially that directly involving local people participation. In this case such an environmental communication system is needed to be developed, it is SMS gate way for disaster early warning system.
Underground Leachate Distribution Based on Electrical Resistivity in Piyungan Landfill, Bantul
Authors: Harjito Harjito , Suntoro Suntoro , Gunawan Totok , Maskuri M.
Published: August 2018

Piyungan Landfill is constructed to accommodate the disposal of wastes from Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. Overland flow that passes through landfillsand potentially dissolves organic and anorganic materials in a high concentration is referred to as leachate. Leachate is easily transported by overland flow. It can seep through soil or land surface and, then, infiltrate into groundwater, which is commonly accessed through residential wells. Therefore, a study on leachate distribution pattern from landfill to the surrounding area becomes necessary particularly due to the potential of leachate to contaminate the environment via groundwater whose characters are latent and difficult to monitor. This research aims to (1) identify areas that experience groundwater pollution caused by leachate movement, (2) identify the distribution of electrical resistivity in polluted areas as well as the spread direction of leachateto the surrounding area, and (3) to develop a leachate management model. This research uses Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey in order to identify the distribution of electrical resistivity in polluted areas. Groundwater quality analysis is used for validating the interpretation of ERT survey. The spread direction of leachate is identified from stratigraphic Fance model correlated with geologic and hydrologic data. The results show that groundwater contamination has occurred in the research area, as indicated by very low electrical resistivity in aquifer zone, i.e. 3-9 Ωm. Such low electrical resistivity is caused byincreased ions in groundwater as the results of leachate migrating downward into groundwater. The increased ions will trigger an increase in electrical conductivity (EC), i.e. up to 1,284 μmhos/cm, and a decline in electrical resistivity. The leachate spreads westward and northward at a depth of 6-17 m (aquifer) with a thickness of pollution between 4-11 m. The recommended landfill management model, emphasizing on leachate movement, include base lining (liner), leachate collection channel, geomembrane cap, and leachate treatment.
Biosimilars—Emerging Role in Nephrology
Authors: Wish Jay B.
Published: August 2018

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines a “biosimilar” agent as a biologic that is highly similar to the reference or originator biologic product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of the safety, purity, and potency. The advantage of biosimilars is that they are usually about 15%–30% less expensive than the reference product, which results in system-wide cost savings and increased patient access. Because biologic drugs are produced by living organisms, they are by nature heterogeneous and identical copies cannot be made, unlike generic versions of small-molecule drugs. Proposed biosimilars must undergo a rigorous evaluation process to demonstrate a high degree of structural and functional similarity with the reference biologic. Once that is confirmed, a stepwise process of comparison with the reference agent with regard to animal trials, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and human efficacy/safety is conducted. The experience with biosimilars in other highly regulated markets where patent protection for originator biologics is not as robust as in the United States has been favorable in terms of safety, efficacy, and cost savings. An FDA approval pathway was created in 2009 to expedite the approval of biosimilars; as of early 2018 nine agents had been approved through that pathway, none in nephrology. The first United States biosimilar epoetin was approved on May 15, 2018, but does not have an interchangeability designation, meaning that prescribers must specifically write for the biosimilar product for patients to receive it. Given the unfamiliarity of biosimilars within the nephrology community it is recommended that educational programs be developed to address this unmet need and for research to be conducted addressing the perceptual, clinical, and economic effect of biosimilars on our patients.