bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser ablation mass spectrometry blast through detection in R
Authors: Searle‐Barnes Alex , Milton James A. , Standish Christopher D. , Foster Gavin L. , Ezard Thomas H. G.
Published: May 2023

Rationale

Organisms that grow a hard carbonate shell or skeleton, such as foraminifera, corals or molluscs, incorporate trace elements into their shell during growth that reflect the environmental change and biological activity they experienced during life. These geochemical signals locked within the carbonate are archives used in proxy reconstructions to study past environments and climates, to decipher taxonomy of cryptic species and to resolve evolutionary responses to climatic changes.

Methods

Here, we use laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) as a time‐resolved acquisition to quantify the elemental composition of carbonate shells and skeletons. We present the LABLASTER (Laser Ablation BLASt Through Endpoint in R) package, which imports a single time‐resolved LA‐ICP‐MS analysis, then detects when the laser has ablated through the carbonate as a function of change in signal over time and outputs key summary statistics. We provide two examples within the package: a fossil planktic foraminifer and a tropical coral skeleton.

Results

We present the first R package that automates the selection of desired data during data reduction workflows. This is achieved by automating the detection of when the laser has ablated through a sample using a smoothed time series, followed by removal of off‐target data points. The functions are flexible and adjust dynamically to maximise the duration of the desired geochemical target signal, making this package applicable to a wide range of heterogenous bioarchives. Visualisation tools for manual validation are also included.

Conclusions

LABLASTER increases transparency and repeatability by algorithmically identifying when the laser has either ablated fully through a sample or across a mineral boundary and is thus no longer documenting a geochemical signal associated with the desired sample. LABLASTER's focus on better data targeting means more accurate extraction of biological and geochemical signals.
Finite time state tracking control based on prescribed performance for a class of constrained nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Yunshuo , Su Baili , Guo Benshuai
Published: May 2023

In this article, a finite time prescribed performance controller is designed for a class of constrained nonlinear systems with external disturbances. A homeomorphic mapping is used for error conversion to establish the equivalent error model of the system. A robust stability controller is designed when the initial state is in the initial stability region. A finite time optimization controller is designed to make the state reach the initial stability region when the initial state is outside the initial stability region. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the system can realize state tracking in a limited time and meet the prescribed performance conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is testified by two simulation examples.
Identifying and assessing modular construction implementation barriers in developing nations for sustainable building development
Authors: Ali Ali Hassan , Kineber Ahmed Farouk , Elyamany Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed Hussein , Daoud Ahmed Osama
Published: May 2023

The construction sector is one of the largest sectors globally, and it significantly affects countries' economies. Modular construction (MC) is a building process in which modules are fabricated in a factory and then installed on‐site. MC is becoming an integral aspect of the construction sector in developed countries due to its notable benefits in improving sustainability and sustainable development. However, there are various barriers that might decrease MC adoption. This study aims to develop an MC adoption model by investigating the relationship between overcoming MC adoption barriers (MCABs) and overall sustainable success (OSS) for residential projects in developing countries. To accomplish this, 120 Egyptian building professionals responded to the conducted questionnaire. Subsequently, partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was used to determine the barriers and examine the relationships between overcoming MCABs and OSS. The results showed a moderate association, with overcoming the MCABs contributing 44.7% to the OSS of the residential projects. Moreover, the correlation between overcoming MCABs and OSS is substantial, as demonstrated by the β value path coefficient, which equals .669. The findings can be used as a benchmark for decision‐makers to explore the main barriers to adopting MC in developing countries and achieving OSS in their residential projects.
Multiple Bowen's Disease on the Finger Associated with Human Papillomavirus Type 34
Authors: Yonekura Satoru , Egawa Gyohei , Komori Takaya , Kabashima Kenji
Published: May 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been suggested as a potential risk factor for Bowen's disease. Here, we report a case of a 40-year-old man with Bowen's disease on the finger showing a discontinuous skip lesion, in which HPV-34 was detected. Our case is a reminder that the possibility of multiple lesions must be considered when Bowen's disease occurs on the finger.
Progress in Conducting Polymer‐Based Electrospun fibers for Supercapacitor Applications: A Review
Authors: Thejas Prasannakumar Anandhu , Mohan Ranjini R. , R Rohith , V Manju , Varma Sreekanth J.
Published: May 2023

The ever‐growing need for energy storage has been at the forefront of research for the past few decades. A supercapacitor is an attractive candidate for storage needs with widespread applications in electronic gadgets, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, especially in space and the military. The significant role of electrodes in the performance of supercapacitors has led to the development of materials endowed with exceptional electrochemical performance and mechanical stability. Conducting polymers with intriguing properties like tuneable electronic conductivity, broad voltage window, tuneable redox activity etc., are excellent candidates as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors with superior performance parameters. Electrospun conducting polymer nanofibers exhibit unique characteristics and favourable morphologies that have the potential to enhance the performance of supercapacitors. The review covers the fundamentals of electrochemical capacitors and introduces electrospinning as a versatile method to fabricate nanofibers using conducting polymers and their composites. The application of these nanofibers as electrodes in supercapacitors is discussed in detail and the performance parameters are compared. The article also discusses the challenges and prospects in using these electrospun nanofibers as effective supercapacitor electrodes.
Electrochemical Dopamine Detection Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver/Metal Organic Framework Composites
Authors: Sun Shengmiao , Wang Bixuan , Qing Molan , Tian Danbi , Jiang Ling , Zhu Liying
Published: May 2023

A modified screen‐printed electrode based on zeolite imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) were developed to detect dopamine. The morphology and electrochemical performance were investigated, and the results showed that ErGO/Ag‐ZIF‐8 composites were successfully synthesized without destruction of the ZIF‐8 structure. In addition, the peak current of dopamine (DA) oxidation increased linearly in the range of 0.1–200 μM, and the detection limit was 0.03 μM (S/N=3). Furthermore, the sensor showed good reproducibility and selectivity, and was successfully applied to the detection of DA in goat serum with a satisfactory recovery range.
Metal‐Free Direct Radical‐Radical Cross‐Coupling Reactions of N‐Hydroxyphthalimides and Azo Compounds
Authors: Noor Hafiz , Gao Pan , Yuan Yu
Published: May 2023

A simple and cost‐effective direct radical‐radical cross‐coupling reaction of N‐hydroxyphthalimides with azo compounds under metal‐free conditions has been developed without any external oxidant or additive. The protocol provides phthalimidooxy compounds in moderate to excellent yields (up to 92 %). This transformation shows good tolerance toward both nitrile‐containing and non‐nitrile‐containing azo compounds. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction proceeds through the radical pathway.
Variable Dielectric and Thermomechanical Properties of Oxide Ceramic/1,2‐PB/SBS/EPDM Composite Film Materials with Multilayer Structure
Authors: Qin Cheng , Wu Bo , Wu Nan , Tang Xianzhong
Published: May 2023

The variable dielectric properties of multilayer structural ceramic/polyolefin composite film substrate materials with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders as fillers and 1,2‐polybutadiene/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer/(1,2‐PB/SBS/EPDM) as polymer matrix were systematically investigated. Single‐layer SiO2, TiO2 and SiO2/TiO2/polyolefin‐based composite films denoted as A, B and H, respectively, were prepared by the flow casting method, and then multilayer structural composite substrates with different stacking methods were prepared by the hot pressing method. Four different layering modes were used: ABAB, AABB, ABBA, and BAAB. It was found that the dielectric constants of all four modes were within the scientific range. Compared to the other four types of laminated substrates, however, the fifth composite substrate with four identical film laminations made from a blend of two fillers (HHHH) exhibited better thermal stability and had a lower dielectric loss (0.00206) at 10 GHz compared to the other four types of laminated substrates. On the other hand, the other four types of laminated substrates have better mechanical properties compared to the hybrid substrates. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of oxide ceramic/polyolefin‐based dielectric composites that meet the requirements of different dielectric and thermomechanical properties.
A Highly Porous and Flexible Carbon Nanotube Array Coated with Gold Nanoparticles: Application in Non‐Enzymatic Ultrasensitive Detection and Monitoring of Blood/Saliva Glucose
Authors: Nechiyil Divya , Prakash Jyoti , Dey Anusree , Alexander Rajath , Uppal Sheetal , Bahadur Jitendra , Dasgupta Kinshuk
Published: May 2023

Flexible, reusable, and ultrasensitive glucose sensors are the need of the hour for advanced health monitoring, specifically for economical diabetes management in low‐income countries. Here, we demonstrate an ultra‐sensitive, and extremely lightweight non‐enzymatic glucose sensor based on gold nanoparticles sputtered carbon nanotube aerogel film (Au‐CNT), which is flexible, durable, reusable, and portable. The flexible Au‐CNT aerogel non‐enzymatic glucose sensor showed remarkable sensitivity of 779 μA mM−1 cm−2, a wide linear range of 0.1 mM to 6 mM and a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.47 μM. The sensitivity of our sensor is highest among literature‐reported carbon nanomaterials‐based flexible glucose sensors for selective detection of glucose in blood serum/saliva samples. The Au‐CNT aerogel shows the potential application as practical non‐invasive and invasive self‐monitoring glucose sensor. Therefore, highly sensitive and paper‐thin Au‐CNT electrode is a promising candidate for future commercial robust flexible and wearable biosensor applications.
New Bioactive Dipiperazine Derivatives; Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Urease Inhibition Study
Authors: Saeedian Moghadam Ebrahim , Mohammed Al‐Sadi Abdullah , Talebi Meysam , Amanlou Massoud , Amini Mohsen , Abdel‐Jalil Raid
Published: May 2023

The successful colonization and survival of highly pathogenic bacteria are powerfully aided by an enzyme known as urease. As a result, it has been demonstrated that inhibiting urease enzymes is a promising method for preventing ureolytic bacterial infections. Consequently, the development and synthesis of safe and effective urease inhibitors has emerged as an intriguing field of study for medical chemists. In this paper, synthesis and bioactivity of thirteen novel benzimidazole derivatives are reported as strong urease inhibitors. The structure of target compounds was determined through a variety of spectroscopic methods (HRMS,1H NMR, IR). Intriguingly, the inhibitory activity of all was higher (IC50: 9.49 to 23.50 μM) than hydroxyurea, which represent the standard (IC50: 100 μM). In conclusion, current compounds that have been reported are potent enough to continue bioassays to discover a new drug candidate.
Energy Economical Annulation Reaction of 1,6‐Enynes with Thiosulfonates (Selenosulfonates): Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyrrolidine Derivatives under Room Temperature
Authors: Yang Jing , Gu Yan , Guo Yu , Lv Xiaoqing , Liu Shengjun , Liu Yun , Rong Liangce
Published: May 2023

An energy economical and radical‐involved regioselective difunctionalization annulation of 1,6‐enynes with thiosulfonates or selenosulfonates accessing to pyrrolidine derivatives has been developed. The catalytic amount of TBHP was sufficient to initiate and enable the simultaneous formation of a C(sp3)−S(O2Ar) bond and a C(sp2)−S(Ar) or C(sp2)−Se(Ph) bond across the C=C and C≡C bond of 1,6‐enynes by utilizing two different sulphur radicals. The reaction shows broad substrate scope, moderate to good yields, and 100 % atom economy.
A Humidity‐Insensitive Waterborne Polyurethane Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Modified by Castor Oil and Siloxane
Authors: Ren Jianrong , Li Xiaobin , Zhang Ending , Shi Jun , Xiong Xiaoyan , Kong Chenguang , Li Cunzhi , Wang Hangzhou , Wu Kun
Published: May 2023

Although waterborne polyurethane pressure‐sensitive (PSA) has achieved great progress, achieving robust effective adhesion on the wet substrate surface is still challenging. Herein, we developed a humidity‐insensitive waterborne polyurethane pressure‐sensitive adhesive through the modification of bio‐based castor oil and 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as the end‐capper. Improved bonding property on wet substrate via drainage of hydrophobic groups led to better humidity‐insensitive adhesiveness. The results exhibited exceptional bonding performance (∼3.3N/25 mm) on the moist surface of the steel in the environment with a humidity of 100 % RH (Relative Humidity). Especially, the 180° peel forces of siloxane‐terminated castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethane (SCWPU) respectively enhanced by 13.33 % and 73.68 % compared with the blank sample when the air humidity increased from 50 % RH to 100 % RH. Silicone had the advantages of low surface energy, good heat resistance and good oxidation resistance. The heat resistance could be improved by introducing silicone into waterborne polyurethane. Tested by the TGA, the SCWPU3 PSA demonstrated great thermal stability (THRI=144.32 °C). Besides, the PSA also exhibited low water absorption (20.6 %), and eligible viscoelasticity properties. These findings provided an impetus for the development of humidity‐insensitive PSA.
Emergency Treatment and Photoacoustic Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury Using Reversible Dual‐Signal Transform‐Based Selenium Antioxidant
Authors: Ji Zhisheng , Zheng Judun , Ma Yanming , Lei Hongyi , Lin Weiqiang , Huang Jialin , Yang Hua , Zhang Guowei , Li Bin , Shu Bowen , Du Xianjin , Zhang Jian , Lin Hongsheng , Liao Yuhui
Published: May 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI), following explosive oxidative stress, causes an abrupt and irreversible pathological deterioration of the central nervous system. Thus, preventing secondary injuries caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as monitoring and assessing the recovery from SCI are critical for the emergency treatment of SCI. Herein, an emergency treatment strategy is developed for SCI based on the selenium (Se) matrix antioxidant system to effectively inhibit oxidative stress‐induced damage and simultaneously real‐time evaluate the severity of SCI using a reversible dual‐photoacoustic signal (680 and 750 nm). Within the emergency treatment and photoacoustic severity assessment (ETPSA) strategy, the designed Se loaded boron dipyrromethene dye with a double hydroxyl group (Se@BDP‐DOH) is simultaneously used as a sensitive reporter group and an excellent antioxidant for effectively eliminating explosive oxidative stress. Se@BDP‐DOH is found to promote the recovery of both spinal cord tissue and locomotor function in mice with SCI. Furthermore, ETPSA strategy synergistically enhanced ROS consumption via the caveolin 1 (Cav 1)‐related pathways, as confirmed upon treatment with Cav 1 siRNA. Therefore, the ETPSA strategy is a potential tool for improving emergency treatment and photoacoustic assessment of SCI.
Synthesis of sp2 Carbon‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Thin‐Films via Copper‐Surface‐Mediated Knoevenagel Polycondensation
Authors: Yan Haokai , Kou Zhenhui , Li Shengxu , Zhang Tao
Published: May 2023

sp2 carbon‐conjugated covalent organic framework (sp2c‐COF) featured with high π‐conjugation, high chemical stabilities, and designable chemical structures, are thus promising for applications including adsorption and separation, optoelectronic devices, and catalysis. For the most of these applications, large‐area and continuous films are required. However, due to the needs of harsh conditions in the formation of CC bonds, classical interfacial methodologies are challenged in the synthesis of sp2c‐COFs films. Herein, a novel and robust interfacial method namely copper‐surface‐mediated Knoevenagel polycondensation (Cu‐SMKP), is shown for scalable synthesis of sp2c‐COF films on various Cu substrates. Using this approach, large‐area and continuous sp2c‐COF films could be prepared on various complicated Cu surfaces with thickness from tens to hundreds of nanometers. The resultant sp2c‐COF films on Cu substrate could be used directly as functional electrode for extraction of uranium from spiked seawater, which gives an exceptionally uptake capacity of 2475 mg g−1. These results delineate significant synthetic advances in sp2c‐COF films and implemented them as functional electrodes for uranyl capture.
Self‐Formation of a Ru/ZnO Multifunctional Bilayer for the Next‐Generation Interconnect Technology via Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Mori Yuki , Cheon Taehoon , Kotsugi Yohei , Kim Youn‐Hye , Park Yejin , Ansari Mohd Zahid , Mohapatra Debananda , Jang Yujin , Bae Jong‐Seong , Kwon Woobin , Kim Gahui , Park Young‐Bae , Lee Han‐Bo‐Ram , Song Wooseok , Kim Soo‐Hyun
Published: May 2023

This study suggests a Ru/ZnO bilayer grown using area‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) as a multifunctional layer for advanced Cu metallization. As a diffusion barrier and glue layer, ZnO is selectively grown on SiO2, excluding Cu, where Ru, as a liner and seed layer, is grown on both surfaces. Dodecanethiol (DDT) is used as an inhibitor for the AS‐ALD of ZnO using diethylzinc and H2O at 120 °C. H2 plasma treatment removes the DDT adsorbed on Cu, forming inhibitor‐free surfaces. The ALD‐Ru film is then successfully deposited at 220 °C using tricarbonyl(trimethylenemethane)ruthenium and O2. The Cu/bilayer/Si structural and electrical properties are investigated to determine the diffusion barrier performance of the bilayer film. Copper silicide is not formed without the conductivity degradation of the Cu/bilayer/Si structure, even after annealing at 700 °C. The effect of ZnO on the Ru/SiO2 structure interfacial adhesion energy is investigated using a double‐cantilever‐beam test and is found to increase with ZnO between Ru and SiO2. Consequently, the Ru/ZnO bilayer can be a multifunctional layer for advanced Cu interconnects. Additionally, the formation of a bottomless barrier by eliminating ZnO on the via bottom, or Cu, is expected to decrease the via resistance for the ever‐shrinking Cu lines.
2D Piezoelectric BiVO4 Artificial Nanozyme with Adjustable Vanadium Vacancy for Ultrasound Enhanced Piezoelectric/Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Ruoxi , Zhu Haixia , Feng Lili , Zhu Yanlin , Liu Bin , Yu Chenghao , Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping
Published: May 2023

Increasing the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance oxidative stress in cells is an eternal goal in cancer therapy. In this study, BiVO4 artificial nanozyme is developed with adjustable vanadium vacancy for ultrasound (US) enhanced piezoelectric/sonodynamic therapy. Under US excitation, the vanadium vacancy‐rich BiVO4 nanosheets (abbreviated Vv‐r BiVO4 NSs) facilitate the generation of a large number of electrons to improve the ROS yield. Meanwhile, the mechanical strain imposed by US irradiation makes the Vv‐r BiVO4 NSs display a typical piezoelectric response, which tilts the conduction band to be more negative and the valance band more positive than the redox potentials of O2/O2•− and H2O/·OH, boosting the efficiency of ROS generation. Both density functional theory calculations and experiments confirm that the introduction of cationic vacancy can improve the sonodynamic effect. As expected, Vv‐r BiVO4 NSs have better peroxidase enzyme catalytic and glutathione depletion activities, resulting in increased intracellular oxidative stress. This triple amplification strategy of oxidative stress induced by US substantially inhibits the growth of cancer cells. The work may open an avenue to achieve a synergetic therapy by introducing cationic vacancy, broadening the biomedical use of piezoelectric materials.
Clay‐Originated Two‐Dimensional Holey Silica Separator for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Guo Chong , Luo Zhi‐Hong , Zhou Ming‐Xia , Wu Xinru , Shi Yan , An Qinyou , Shao Jiao‐Jing , Zhou Guangmin
Published: May 2023

Lithium metal anode is the ultimate choice to obtain next‐generation high‐energy‐density lithium batteries, while the dendritic lithium growth owing to the unstable lithium anode/electrolyte interface largely limits its practical application. Separator is an important component in batteries and separator engineering is believed to be a tractable and effective way to address the above issue. Separators can play the role of ion redistributors to guide the transport of lithium ions and regulate the uniform electrodeposition of Li. The electrolyte wettability, thermal shrinkage resistance, and mechanical strength are of importance for separators. Here, clay‐originated two‐dimensional (2D) holey amorphous silica nanosheets (ASN) to develop a low‐cost and eco‐friendly inorganic separator is directly adopted. The ASN‐based separator has higher porosity, better electrolyte wettability, much higher thermal resistance, larger lithium transference number, and ionic conductivity compared with commercial separator. The large amounts of holes and rich surface oxygen groups on the ASN guide the uniform distribution of lithium‐ion flux. Consequently, the Li//Li cell with this separator shows stable lithium plating/stripping, and the corresponding Li//LiFePO4, Li//LiCoO2, and Li//NCM523 full cells also show high capacity, excellent rate performance, and outstanding cycling stability, which is much superior to that using the commercial separator.
Direct‐Patterning ZnO Deposition by Atomic‐Layer Additive Manufacturing Using a Safe and Economical Precursor
Authors: Stefanovic Sonja , Gheshlaghi Negar , Zanders David , Kundrata Ivan , Zhao Baolin , Barr Maïssa K. S. , Halik Marcus , Devi Anjana , Bachmann Julien
Published: May 2023

Area‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) is a bottom‐up nanofabrication method delivering single atoms from a molecular precursor. AS‐ALD enables self‐aligned fabrication and outperforms lithography in terms of cost, resistance, and equipment prerequisites, but it requires pre‐patterned substrates and is limited by insufficient selectivity and finite choice of substrates. These challenges are circumvented by direct patterning with atomic‐layer additive manufacturing (ALAM) — a transfer of 3D‐printing principles to atomic‐layer manufacturing where a precursor supply nozzle enables direct patterning instead of blanket coating. The reduced precursor vapor consumption in ALAM as compared with ALD calls for the use of less volatile precursors by replacing diethylzinc used traditionally in ALD with bis(dimethylaminopropyl)zinc, Zn(DMP)2. The behavior of this novel ZnO ALAM process follows that of the corresponding ALD in terms of deposit quality and growth characteristics. The temperature window for self‐limiting growth of stoichiometric, crystalline material is 200–250 °C. The growth rates are 0.9 Å per cycle in ALD (determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry) and 1.1 Å per pass in ALAM (imaging ellipsometry). The preferential crystal orientation increases with temperature, while energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic and XPS show that only intermediate temperatures deliver stoichiometric ZnO. A functional thin‐film transistor is created from an ALAM‐deposited ZnO line and characterized.
Deeply Reconstructed Hierarchical Ni–Co Microwire for Flexible Ni–Zn Microbattery with Excellent Comprehensive Performance
Authors: Lv Linfeng , Zhu Zhe , Liao Xiaoqiao , Wu Leixin , Duan Yixue , Yang Kai , You Gongchuan , He Xin , Dong Wei , Tang Hui , He Liang
Published: May 2023

The rise of flexible electronics calls for efficient microbatteries (MBs) with requirements in energy/power density, stability, and flexibility simultaneously. However, the ever‐reported flexible MBs only display progress around certain aspects of energy loading, reaction rate, and electrochemical stability, and it remains challenging to develop a micro‐power source with excellent comprehensive performance. Herein, a reconstructed hierarchical Ni–Co alloy microwire is designed to construct flexible Ni–Zn MB. Notably, the interwoven microwires network is directly formed during the synthesis process, and can be utilized as a potential microelectrode which well avoids the toxic additives and the tedious traditional powder process, thus greatly simplifying the manufacture of MB. Meanwhile, the hierarchical alloy microwire is composed of spiny nanostructures and highly active alloy sites, which contributes to deep reconstruction (≈100 nm). Benefiting from the dense self‐assembled structure, the fabricated Ni–Zn MB obtained high volumetric/areal energy density (419.7 mWh cm−3, 1.3 mWh cm−2), and ultrahigh rate performance extending the power density to 109.4 W cm−3 (328.3 mW cm−2). More surprisingly, the MB assembled by this inherently flexible microwire network is extremely resistant to bending/twisting. Therefore, this novel concept of excellent comprehensive micro‐power source will greatly hold great implications for next‐generation flexible electronics.
Hierarchical and Porous Structures of Carbon Nanotubes‐Anchored MOF Derivatives Bridged by Carbon Nanocoils as Lightweight and Broadband Microwave Absorbers
Authors: Zuo Xueqing , Zhang Hao , Zhou Cao , Zhao Yongpeng , Huang Hui , Wen Ningxuan , Sun Chen , Fan Zeng , Pan Lujun
Published: May 2023

High‐performance microwave absorption (MA) materials have attracted more and more attention because they can effectively prevent microwave radiation and interference from electronic devices. Herein, a new type of MA composite is constructed by introducing carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐anchored metal–organic framework derivatives (MOFDs) into a conductive carbon nanocoil (CNC) network, denoted as CNC/CNT‐MOFD. The CNC/MOFD shows a wide effective absorption band of 6.7 GHz under a filling ratio of only 9% in wax‐matrix. This is attributed to the hierarchical and porous structures of MOFD bridged by the uniformly dispersed conductive CNC network and the cross‐polarization induced by the 3D spiral CNCs. Besides, the as‐grown 1D CNTs improve space utilization, porosity, and polarization loss of the composites, resulting in the increase of imaginary permittivity, which further realizes impedance matching and energy attenuation. The Ni nanoparticles in layers of MOFD and at the tips of CNTs generate magnetic loss, promoting the low‐frequency absorption ability. Resultantly, RCS values of the optimized composite in all tested theta (θ) ranges are less than −25 dB m2 at 9.5 GHz, effectively reducing the probability of the target detected by the radar.
Synergistic Modulation of Electronic Interaction to Enhance Intrinsic Activity and Conductivity of Fe–Co–Ni Hydroxide Nanotube for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Huang Huanfeng , Ning Shunlian , Xie Yanyu , He Zhujie , Teng Jun , Chen Zhuodi , Fan Yanan , Shi Jian‐Ying , Barboiu Mihail , Wang Dawei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: May 2023

The large‐scale hydrogen production and application through electrocatalytic water splitting depends crucially on the development of highly efficient, cost‐effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which, however, remains challenging. Here, a new electrocatalyst of trimetallic Fe–Co–Ni hydroxide (denoted as FeCoNiOxHy) with a nanotubular structure is developed through an enhanced Kirkendall process under applied potential. The FeCoNiOxHy features synergistic electronic interaction between Fe, Co, and Ni, which not only notably increases the intrinsic OER activity of FeCoNiOxHy by facilitating the formation of *OOH intermediate, but also substantially improves the intrinsic conductivity of FeCoNiOxHy to facilitate charge transfer and activate catalytic sites through electrocatalyst by promoting the formation of abundant Co3+. Therefore, FeCoNiOxHy delivers remarkably accelerated OER kinetics and superior apparent activity, indicated by an ultra‐low overpotential potential of 257 mV at a high current density of 200 mA cm−2. This work is of fundamental and practical significance for synergistic catalysis related to advanced energy conversion materials and technologies.
Structure‐Controlled Carbon Hosts for Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Lee Kyungbin , Lee Young Jun , Lee Michael J. , Han Junghun , Ryu Kun , Kwon Jeong An , Kim Eun Ji , Kang Hyewon , Kim Byung‐Hyun , Kim Bumjoon J. , Lee Seung Woo
Published: May 2023

The surging demand for environmental‐friendly and safe electrochemical energy storage systems has driven the development of aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, metallic Zn anodes suffer from severe dendrite growth and large volume change, resulting in a limited lifetime for aqueous ZIB applications. Here, it is shown that 3D mesoporous carbon (MC) with controlled carbon and defect configurations can function as a highly reversible and dendrite‐free Zn host, enabling the stable operation of aqueous ZIBs. The MC host has a structure‐controlled architecture that contains optimal sp2‐carbon and defect sites, which results in an improved initial nucleation energy barrier and promotes uniform Zn deposition. As a consequence, the MC host shows outstanding Zn plating/stripping performance over 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm−2 and over 250 cycles at 6 mA cm−2 in asymmetric cells. Density functional theory calculations further reveal the role of the defective sp2‐carbon surface in Zn adsorption energy. Moreover, a full cell based on Zn@MC900 anode and V2O5 cathode exhibits remarkable rate performance and cycling stability over 3500 cycles. These results establish a structure‐mechanism‐performance relationship of the carbon host as a highly reversible Zn anode for the reliable operation of ZIBs.
Carboxymethyl Chitosan‐Modified Zinc Anode for High‐Performance Zinc–Iodine Battery with Narrow Operating Voltage
Authors: Yi Renjie , Shi Xiaodong , Tang Yan , Yang Yongqiang , Zhou Peng , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang
Published: May 2023

Reasonable regulation of iodine redox has gradually shown potential as a desirable cathodic reaction in zinc‐based batteries, but suffers from poor cyclic reversibility caused by uncontrollable side reactions. Also, the irregular growth of dendrites and unavoidable occurrences of hydrogen evolution reaction in H2O‐rich environment have become permanent topics in anodic zinc. Herein, a cross‐linked gel based on carboxymethyl chitosan is proposed and serves as an artificial electrolyte interphase for zinc anode (marked as Zn‐CMCS). Such a coating formed by crosslinking among a monodentate carboxyl group, a hydroxyl, an amino, and Zn2+ from adding solution closely adheres on the surface of the zinc foil with toughness, ductility, and ideal electrochemical kinetics. Additionally, its homogenized surface charge distribution provides a “flexible” substrate for zinc plating/stripping, resulting in a flat real‐time interface. While introducing I−/I0 conversion by matching adsorptive activated carbon on carbon fiber cloth (AC‐CFC) as cathode, the internal space restricted by CMCS gel enables the assembled Zn‐CMCS/AC‐CFC battery to exhibit a greatly improved reversibility under long‐cycling condition within 28 000 cycles (measured for more than 2 years) in a narrow operating voltage range of 0.23 V.
Modeling concrete properties: New approaches in MC2020
Authors: Müller Harald S. , Boumaaza Mouna
Published: May 2023

The fib Model Code 2020 (MC2020) is developed to serve as the basis for future international codes and standards for the design of concrete structures by summarizing international research and experience and converting this knowledge into a practical document. The chapter “Concretes” contained therein provides a clear set of application rules in combination with sufficient background information and related references. This paper gives a concise overview of the contents of the Chapter 14 “Concretes” in the 2nd draft of MC2020. Instead of presenting numerous details on changes in the text and equations compared with the previous MC2010, major fundamentals on modeling concrete behavior are indicated. New sections in MC2020 on non‐conventional concretes, durability specifications and environmental performance are covered. Extended state‐of‐the‐art chapters on concrete transport properties and durability design conclude this contribution.
Electromagnetic and Mechanical Characteristics of Transformer under Multiple Short‐Circuit Impacts
Authors: Lin Xiaoqing , Liu Jun , Wang Feng , Chen She , Ai Wenhao , Zhong Lipeng , Sun Qiuqin
Published: May 2023

The short‐circuit withstand capability of the transformer is crucial to the reliability of power systems. Research on the short‐circuit characteristics of windings is the basis for improving the stability of power transformers. Although many studies focus on electromagnetic force and cumulative deformation of two‐winding transformers, there is a lack of careful comparison of the electromagnetic and mechanical characteristics of three‐winding transformers, as well as the cumulative effect of stress, displacement and strain. In this paper, the model is established to study temporal response and spatial distribution of the electromagnetic and mechanical properties under short‐circuit impacts. The results show that the short‐circuit effects on medium and low‐voltage windings are more severe than on high‐voltage windings. The first current peak will lead to the greatest threat. Second, the influences of iron core and pre‐stress on short‐circuit characteristics are investigated. The characteristics of windings differ between inside and outside the iron core window, which is pronounced for high‐voltage winding. Besides, the greater pre‐stress is not better for the stability of windings. Finally, it is found that the residual stress and displacement continue to accumulate and the plastic strain appears under multiple short‐circuit impacts. This work is helpful for the analysis of short‐circuit withstand capability of transformers. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Afferent venous perfusion of fetal liver: umbilical and portal blood‐flow volumes in fetuses born small‐for‐gestational age
Authors: Kivilevitch Z. , Gilboa Y. , Gilad N. , Kassif E. , Achiron R.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To quantify the dynamic changes in the afferent venous flow volume of the liver in low‐risk pregnancies with fetuses born small‐for‐gestational age.

Methods

This was a prospective study of low‐risk singleton pregnancies with estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birth weight ≤ 10th centile attending for a routine second‐ or third‐trimester ultrasound examination. Their umbilical and portal blood‐flow volumes were compared with those of a control group of fetuses born appropriate‐for‐gestational age from which normal reference ranges were constructed. Absolute and Z‐score differences between the groups were assessed.

Results

In total, 133 fetuses were included in the study group and 362 in the control group. The mean umbilical blood‐flow volume in the study group, both absolute and normalized per kg of EFW, was below that of the appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses for most of the period of pregnancy studied (overall mean Z‐score, –0.82 and –0.84, respectively). In contrast, the mean portal blood‐flow volume, per kg of EFW, showed the opposite trend (overall mean Z‐score, +0.86), reaching its maximum level (+1.43) in the late third trimester. This resulted in a steep decrease in the mean placental‐to‐portal‐blood‐flow volume ratio, from 14.4 at 24 weeks of gestation (above the 60th centile) to 4.7 at 38 weeks of gestation (15th centile), corresponding to Z‐scores of +0.4 and –1.02, respectively.

Conclusion

In fetuses born small‐for‐gestational age, the ratio of blood‐flow volume in the umbilical vein to that in the portal vein decreases consistently during pregnancy, and to a greater extent compared with those born appropriate‐for‐gestational age, reaching a lower nadir in the third trimester. This additional redistribution of liver perfusion affects negatively fetal growth even in low‐risk pregnancy, and should be taken into account when planning delivery. We suggest considering liver venous perfusion as an ancillary tool for monitoring small‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancies. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Assessment of low‐frequency aeroacoustic emissions of a wind turbine under rapidly changing wind conditions based on an aero‐servo‐elastic CFD simulation
Authors: Wenz Florian , Maas Oliver , Arnold Matthias , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald
Published: May 2023

A meteorologically challenging situation that represents a demanding control task (rotational speed, pitch and yaw) for a wind turbine is presented and its implementation in a simulation is described. A high‐fidelity numerical process chain, consisting of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver FLOWer, the multi‐body system (MBS) software SIMPACK and the Ffowcs Williams‐Hawkings code ACCO, is used. With it, the aerodynamic, servoelastic and aeroacoustic (<20 Hz) behaviour of a generic wind turbine during a meteorological event with strong and rapid changes in wind speed and direction is investigated. A precursor simulation with the meteorological model system PALM is deployed to generate realistic inflow data. The simulated strong controller response of the wind turbine and the resulting aeroelastic behaviour are analysed. Finally, the low‐frequency sound emissions are evaluated and the influence of the different operating and flow parameters during the variable inflow is assessed. It is observed that the wind speed and, linked to it, the rotational speed as well as the turbulence intensity are the main influencing factors for the emitted low‐frequency sound power of the wind turbine. Yawed inflow, on the other hand, has little effect unless it changes the operational mode to load reduction, resulting in a swap of the main emitter from the blades to the tower.
Desperately Funny: Comedy, Performance and the Musical Moment in Toni Erdmann (2016)
Authors: Harries Rhiannon
Published: May 2023

In a standout scene in Toni Erdmann (Maren Ade, 2016), straight-laced management consultant Ines (Sandra Hüller) is quietly coerced by her father Winfried (Peter Simonischek)—here in character as his eccentric alter ego Toni—into singing to a room full of strangers at a party. Hüller’s rendition of ‘Greatest Love of All’, made famous by Whitney Houston’s 1986 cover, drew spontaneous applause at the film’s Cannes première, and many critics identify it as a ‘feel-good’ moment in the film’s otherwise awkward comedy. This chapter considers the more ambivalent affects of Toni Erdmann’s musical moment as it participates in the complex personal and political dynamics of a film that is less a comedy than a drama about the possibilities and failures of the comic and of performance as responses to fraying familial and social bonds under late capitalism. Drawing on Henri Bergson’s theory of humour, Sianne Ngai’s account of ‘zany’ comedy and Lauren Berlant’s notion of the ‘impasse’, the chapter argues that the film’s deliberate frustration of some of the musical moment’s more utopic functions is key to its affective indexing of the present and the conditions of post-industrial capitalism.
All Singing! All Talking! All British! Musical Moments in Early British Talkies 1929 to 1932
Authors: Porter Laraine
Published: May 2023

British silent cinema transformed to sound in June 1929, slightly ahead of Europe and a year or so behind Hollywood whose popular Al Jolson Musicals The Jazz Singer (1927) and The Singing Fool (1928) had taken British cinemas by storm. Alfred Hitchcock’s murder story (Blackmail, Alfred Hitchcock, UK) was Britain’s first official talkie and like the majority of films that followed in its wake, contained a pivotal musical moment. This article analyses the use of song and music in early British talkies as they sought to forge a new ‘talkie film language’ by combining dialogue, music and plot. It argues that these early musical moments deployed the dramatic potential of synchronised music at pivotal moments in the plot as well as using them to delineate gender and sexuality and signalling differences in class and culture through the representation of musical tastes, styles and motifs. In some cases, music freed the performers from the tyranny of early spoken dialogue, stilted scripts and primitive microphone technology. Importantly, musical interludes also created commercial opportunities from sales of the ‘song-from-the-film’, exploiting links between early talkies and the lucrative domestic gramophone and sheet music markets.
Italian Experiences in Coworking Spaces During the Pandemic
Authors: Mariotti Ilaria , Lo Russo Michele
Published: May 2023

The chapter presents and discusses the results of two surveys addressed to coworking spaces managers in Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The strategies coworking spaces have adopted to cope with the pandemic are described, and the determinants of the coworking resilience level (e.g., size, ownership, sector specialisation, hybridization) are presented. It is explored how the coworking spaces managers have kept the community alive and the perception of the interviewees about the future in the two years. The results of the survey in 2021 show that the average level of profitability and confidence in coworking performance returned to the pre-pandemic level. The pandemic has underlined a potential key role of CSs in enhancing work-life balance and promoting the socio-economic development of peripheral and rural areas. Besides, during the pandemic, Southern Italy has attracted remote workers (e.g., “southworkers”), and promoted the so-called ‘community garrisons’, willing to host them and ‘retain’ young people.
Dynamics of Change at Work and Reactions of Coworking Spaces in the Aftermath of the Pandemic: Notes on Portugal
Authors: Tomaz Elisabete , Gato Maria , Haubrich Gislene
Published: May 2023

New workspaces, such as coworking spaces (CSs), have had exponential growth in Portugal in recent years, both in number and variety. Lockdowns and other restrictive measures on mobility, employment and business activity during the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted all sectors, albeit differently. This chapter summarises the central events related to the pandemic crisis in Portugal, reflecting on the impacts observed and highlighting the main legislative measures adopted by the government and the subsequent increasing expressiveness of telework. Therefore, in addition to the gradual transformation of work, CSs have gained a growing space in the media and on the political agenda. Based on ongoing research, this article aims to provide a brief overview of the pandemic effects on Portuguese coworking reality and related issues, pointing out insights for the future.
Narratives on COVID-19 Effects on Coworking Spaces in France: A Winning Ticket for the Peripheries?
Authors: Leducq Divya , Demazière Christophe
Published: May 2023

France, like other European countries, has not been spared the COVID-19 crisis, but this pandemic, unknown in the twenty-first century, has highlighted and served as a sounding board for many other issues, both in society and in the materiality of contemporary cities. A new territorial narrative has emerged around the following question: can coworking spaces, and more generally third workplaces, meet the needs of a French society that is looking for planning solutions in the face of successive emergencies, in favour of better territorial equality and individual well-being? To assess the growth of coworking in France and its territorial impact—real, potential, or symbolic—the authors refer to their own research in the Centre-Loire Valley region and to specialized literature on economics and regional planning.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Remote Working and Coworking Spaces in Germany—Narrative Literature Analyses
Authors: Hölzel Marco , Vogl Thomas
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been hit the whole German society and with that the way of working as well as the trend of coworking, as it happened similarly in other western societies. With information about governmental measurements, the world of work, mobility and transportation, people’s behavior, companies’ strategies, the real estate market, and changes in new working spaces from different sources this article creates a narration of immediate impacts, medium-term and long-run effects. Finally, this article aims to draw potential coming changes and further trends for coworking spaces.
Pathways and Interfaces Under Stress Redistribution
Authors: Barsch Markus , Nagel Thomas , Steeb Holger , Schmidt Patrick , Lee Dongwon , Guevara Morel Carlos , Maßmann Jobst
Published: May 2023

There are several finite element-based modeling approaches to deal with fissures, fractures and discontinuities in rocks.
Linguistik der Erinnerung – transnational. Das Beispiel lexikalischer Erinnerungsorte
Authors: Leuschner Torsten
Published: May 2023

Anhand historischer Germanismen v. a. im Englischen, aber auch im Polnischen versucht der Aufsatz, einen Beitrag zu einer interdisziplinären Linguistik der Erinnerung zu leisten. Nach einer Literaturübersicht wird zunächst vorgeschlagen, das Denotat lexikalischer Erinnerungsorte als narrative Abbreviatur (J. Rüsen), das Konnotat als historisches Stereotyp (H.H. Hahn, H. Orłowski) zu beschreiben. In einem zweiten Schritt wird diese strenge Dichotomie von Denotat und Konnotat durch eine flexiblere framesemantische Konzeption ersetzt, um somit linguistisch zu modellieren, wie Sprache als Erinnerungsstabilisator (J. Fried) die Ordnungen des sozialen Gedächtnisses (H. Feilke) auch übereinzelsprachlich stabilisieren hilft.
Klinische Entscheidungsfindung mit Künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Samhammer David , Beck Susanne , Budde Klemens , Burchardt Aljoscha , Faber Michelle , Gerndt Simon , Möller Sebastian , Osmanodja Bilgin , Roller Roland , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2023

In diesem Einleitungskapitel wird der Bedeutung nachgegangen, die dem Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Klinik zukommt. Der Einsatz von KI ist dort mit der Hoffnung verbunden, das Gesundheitssystem zu verbessern, bringt jedoch auch Herausforderungen mit sich. Sowohl die Leistungsfähigkeit als auch die Undurchsichtigkeit von KI-Systemen kann zu Veränderungen im klinischen Entscheidungsprozess führen und verkompliziert damit geltende ethische Prinzipien, rechtliche Konzepte, gängige Routinen, Verfahren sowie die Beziehung zwischen den Akteur:innen, allen voran Ärzt:innen und Patient:innen. Deshalb gilt es herauszufinden, wie die zur Verfügung stehenden Systeme gewinnbringend in der Praxis Anwendung finden können.