bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutions of political rating: origins, problems and prospect
Authors: Kasparyants Darya
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the role of political risk in the modern world and the necessity to correlate methods and models of assessment and forecasting to the new challenges of the time. In the article are examined the conditions of transit from the conceptual understanding of the risk to the risk of financial operations and property/money losses and from the risk of nationalization to a new multiple risk which is closely correlated to political decisions and individuals. There is conducted a comparative analysis of the main existing risk assessment models. The author also makes an attempt to assess the compliance of these models to the present challenges in the context of increasingly complex and interdependent relations of actors, including business, states, international institutions, transnational companies and society. The article explores the exclusive and independent role of political risk that exists in correlation with the economic, operational and reputational risks produced by individuals in the context of the rapid spread information. The article proves the independent role of political risk that has no subordinate position to the economic component. The author provides examples of the leading role of political risks in determination of business strategy and management decisions. There are also examined several approaches to the analysis of political risks at the stage of concept genesis and in the context of both globalization and regionalization of international relations. The author considers rating agencies as an important instrument of stability in the relationship between business and the state and to makes an attempt to identify the shortcomings that are found in their activities and do not meet modern realities. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to revise not only the methodology for assessing and predicting political risks, but also the conceptual understanding of the institutional environment in which the roles of the state, business and society have changed.
Child-creator: New European Paradigm Of Childhood Culture
Authors: Sapiha Oksana
Published: June 2021

The author explored the concept of "childhood culture" through the prism of the new European paradigm of culture and domestic cultural creation in the modern humanities. The revision of the concept of "childhood culture" is carried out in the context of polydisciplinarity, which combines anthropological, psychological, sociological, philosophical, aesthetic, art, ethnographic, pedagogical aspects of the analysis of the childhood phenomenon. The semantic polyvalences of "childhood culture" within the classical and non-classical paradigms were revealed. The new European paradigm of childhood culture is considered. The concept of "childhood" is substantiated, which is presented as a cultural phenomenon in which value, figurative, conceptual markers are accumulated, and at the same time a special semantic space is formed, defined by lexemes "child world", "children's creativity", "childhood culture", "children's communication". etc. The dynamics of the relationship between the concepts: "children's culture" — "children's creativity" — "children's festival" is highlighted. It is argued that the concept of "childhood culture" in the theory of culture is transformed into interdisciplinary tools, combining the perspective of cultural and historical dynamics of childhood and the theory of childhood in one methodological complex-concept. The concept of childhood culture is investigated through the prism of anthropological projection (V. Tabachkovsky, M. Mead), game concept of culture (J. Geizinga), cultural concept of aesthetic education (T. Krivosheya), existential point of wiev (J.-P. Sartre), psychoanalytic approach (Z. Freud), in the focus of everyday school "Annals" (F.  Aries), hermeneutic pattern (P. Reeker), etc. The topology of children’s culture of the American researcher D. Kennedy is analyzed, which allowed to state the child-creator as a subject of cultural creation within its non-classical comprehension. Articulated phenomenon of "child-centeredness", which is based on even greater infantilization of society and totally affects all cultural practices (fashion, consumption, education, entertainment, etc.).
Psychologization Of Oksana’s Vocal and Stage image from S. GulakArtemovsky’s Opera ―Zaporozhian Za Dunaiem‖ in Creative Version of Lev Venedyktov
Authors: Kolesnik Evdokia
Published: June 2021

The author carried out the research aimed both to determine the factors of creation of S. Gulak-Artemovsky's opera "Zaporozhets beyond the Danube" and to reveal its characteristic features. Changes in the libretto of the work were proved, their influence on the development of the conflict, the peculiarities of its resolution in the implementation of the play were indicated. Due to the review of literary sources, their thematic systematization was carried out according to the following parameters: features of the life of the Transdanubian Cossacks after the destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich; preservation of national traditions, customs, rites of the Ukrainian ethnos abroad; the specifics of the manifestation of the mentality of Ukrainians against the background of their coexistence with another nation, which differs in cultural and religious identification. The methodological study of educational issues through the prism of a comprehensive cross-sectoral understanding of the historical, socio-psychological, cultural, musicological and theatrical aspects of the opera is outlined. Peculiarities of the musical dramaturgy of the work, its construction on the synthesis of creatively reconsidered genre-style features of the French and Italian lyric-commission opera with the Ukrainian song and dance folklore are published. Three dramatic lines in the opera are characterized: lyrical-romantic (images of Andrew and Oksana), comic (images of Karas and Odarka), patriotic (generalized image of the people). The process of creating a holistic vocal-stage image of the heroine was analyzed through the prism of the author’s article E. Kolesnyk who was the performer of Oksana's part under the guidance the Chief Choirmaster of the National Opera of Ukraine L. Venediktov. The individual specific approaches of the artist to the deepening of the psychology of the heroine’s artistic image through the use of a synthesis of various means involved in stage expression were determined. The fruitfulness of the outstanding choirmaster's cooperation with the experience of an opera conductor and singer in revealing the musical drama of opera composition in accordance with the composer's idea is proved. The author predicted the prospects for further explorations of the concept concerning the creating of holistic vocal and stage characters which goal is to find and display new synthesis of artistic means of expression with their inclination to neo-syncretism.
Effectiveness of an HIV prevention program for immigrant Latino men who have sex with men in Canada: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Alvarado Beatriz E. , Martinez-Cajas Jorge Luis , Adam Barry D. , Hart Trevor
Published: June 2021

This study piloted the GPS (Gay-Positive Sex) Latino program for men who have sex with men (MSM) who immigrated to Canada. GPS Latino is an individual counseling intervention program that involves the provision of information, motivational interviewing, and behavioral skills building to reduce risk behaviors associated with HIV and STI transmission. We designed a pre-post study without control to assess the effects of GPS Latino on depression, loneliness, the self-efficacy of condom use negotiation, and condomless anal sex (CAS). During the study, one HIV-positive peer counselor administered six 2-hour counseling sessions to 11 participants living with HIV and 10 HIV-negative MSM Latinos living in Toronto, Canada. A paired t-test and a McNemar test were employed to assess the effects of GPS Latino twelve months after the start of the intervention. Our study shows a reduction in CAS (any partner) from 90% at the baseline to 62% at the 12-month follow-up ( p = 0.06). The findings also indicate an increase from 19.2 to 21.5 ( p = 0.01) in self-efficacy of negotiating condom use in HIV-negative participants. As a peer-led counseling intervention, GPS Latino may offer an efficient way of concurrently reducing CAS and increasing condom use negotiation in immigrant Latino men who have sex with men.
Esse W. Ljungh and the Winnipeg Little Theatre
Authors: Blanchard Sharon
Published: June 2021

As a producer and director, as well as National Supervisor of Drama, Esse W. Ljungh was a dynamic force in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's radio programming during the so-called 'Golden Age'. In a study of Ljungh's activities with the Winnipeg Little Theatre in the 30s, the author of this article discovers stage roots for Ljungh's later radio drama work, as well as reveals some of the history of the Winnipeg Little Theatre.
Fanny Kemble and Charles Kemble: As Canadians Saw Them in 1833
Authors: Bains Yashdip Singh , Jenckes Norma
Published: June 2021

This study of the Fanny and Charles Kemble tour of Canada in 1833, based on contemporary newspaper reviews in Montreal and Quebec City, suggests what the visit was like and how Canadians received the two stars.
Three Perspective Theory of Cyber Sovereignty dalam Strategi Keamanan Siber Singapura
Authors: Muawwan Muawwan
Published: June 2021

Abstract

 

The escalation of cyber threats in Singapore has prompted the country to intensify its cyberspace security protection. Singapore then implemented numerous strategies by collaborating across agencies and actors to obtain a protective cyberspace security system. This research aimed at figuring out Singapore Cyber Security Strategy (SCSS) documents comprehensively throughout textual analysis based on qualitative approach of an emerging-dominant elements in documents such as actor, instrument, politic, economy, research, and collaboration which were cooperated within actors. The author also fulfilled this analysis using qualitative approach to measure the data relation and the big picture of SCSS documents. Finally, the author found that Singapore’s strategy in applications and infrasctructure aspects, the government intervened them intensively. Singapore, one of the highest technological expertise countries in Southeast Asia, was fuflnerable getting the threats or attacks. So, this country was regulating an excellent cyber system and infrastructure to proctect their cyber management system secure. Meanwhile, Singapore’s policy in core aspects was a transfer due to the fact that Singapore was multi-ethnical and multi-culturalism country. Thus, Singapore’s strategy for ideological aspects was not regulated significantly in SCSS documents.

 

Keywords: Cyber Security Strategy, Data Relation, Sovereignty

 

Abstrak

 

Eskalasi ancaman terhadap ruang siber yang terjadi di Singapura telah mendorong negara tersebut untuk meningkatkan proteksi keamanan ruang sibernya. Singapura kemudian menerapkan berbagai strategi dengan cara menjalin kerjasama lintas instansi dan aktor untuk memperoleh sistem keamanan ruang siber yang lebih protektif. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk memahami dokumen Singapore Cyber Security Strategy (SCSS) secara komprehensif dengan melakukan analisis kontekstual berdasarkan pendekatan kualitatif terhadap sejumlah unsur yang dominan muncul di dalam dokumen seperti aktor, instrument, politik, ekonomi, penelitian, dan kolaborasi yang dibangun di antara para aktor. Penulis juga melengkapi analisis ini dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mengukur relasi data dan kecenderungan yang tergambar dari dokumen SCSS tersebut. Hasilnya, penulis menemukan bahwa pada level strategi di sektor application dan infrastruktur, pemerintah Singapura memiliki intervensi penuh dalam mengatur seluruh aktivitas di kedua aspek tersebut. Sebagai salah satu negara yang cukup signifikan di dalam pengelolaan teknologinya di kawasan Asia Tenggara, maka Singapura secara eksklusif berupaya membangun sistem dan infrastruktur siber yang mumpuni untuk melindungi tata kelola ruang siber mereka dari berbagai ancaman. Berbeda pada aspek core yang bersifat lebih terbuka (transfer) lantaran banyak dipengaruhi oleh multietnis dan multikulturalisme. Sehingga proteksi terhadap hal-hal yang bersifat ideologis tidak banyak diatur di dalam dokumen SCSS.

 

Kata kunci: Kedaulatan, Relasi Data, Strategi Keamanan Siber
Efek Tayangan Demonstrasi Sebagai Stimulus Untuk Pengaruhi Aktivitas Denyut Jantung Sebagai Representasi Reaksi Kemarahan
Authors: Hutahaean Erik Saut H , Pertiwi Yuarini Wahyu , Dayita Pohan Hema , Perdini Tiara Anggita , Bastoro Ryan
Published: June 2021

Abstract

 

Heart rate is an indicator to see mental activity in humans. Anger is a mental activity that has been investigated in many previous studies. There have been uses of impressions as a stimulus, but not yet in 360 format (virtual reality). This study is a preliminary study to determine the impact of demonstration impressions on heart rate activity. Impressions are made in two forms; Riot demonstrations and peaceful demonstrations, which were given to the subjects using the Virtual Reality Box. A total of 40 subjects were involved to reject their heartbeats and were given the intervention of broadcast 1 for riot demonstration and broadcast 2 for peace. Heart rate is measured through the blood flow read by a sensor bracelet, to further differentiate heart rate differences that occur in subjects. The results of the observation analysis found that there was a difference in the subject's heart rate when given 1 and 2 impressions. The results of comparative trials have proven that demonstration impressions can have an impact on different heart rates when compared to peaceful demonstrations.

 

Keywords: Anger, Demonstrations, Heart Rate, Impressions

 

Abstrak

 

Denyut jantung menjadi indikator untuk melihat aktivitas mental pada manusia. Kemarahan merupakan aktivitas mental yang banyak dipelajari pada penelitian yang sebelumnya. Penggunaan tayangan sebagai stimulus sudah pernah ada yang melakukannya, tetapi format tayangannya belum dalam format 360 (virtual realitiy). Studi ini merupakan kajian awal untuk menggali dampak tayangan demontrasi terhadap aktivitas denyut jantung. Tayangan dibuat dalam dua bentuk; demontrasi rusuh dan demontrasi damai, yang diberikan kepada subjek dengan menggunakan Virtual Reality Box. Sebanyak 40 subjek dilibatkan untuk diukur denyut jantungnya dan diberikan intervensi tayangan 1 untuk demontrasi rusuh serta tayangan 2 untuk demonstrasi damai. Denyut jantung diukur melalui aliran darah yang terbaca oleh sensor wristband, untuk selanjutnya diperiksa perbedaan-perbedaan heart rate yang terjadi pada subjek. Hasil analisis pengamatan mendapatkan adanya perbedaan heart rate pada subjek saat diberikan tayangan 1 dan diberikan tayangan 2. Hasil hitung uji perbandingan berhasil membuktikan bahwa tayangan demontrasi rusuh dapat berdampak kepada heart rate secara berbeda ketika dibandingkan dengan demontrasi yang damai.

 

Kata kunci: Kemarahan, Demontrasi, Heart Rate, Tayangan
Dampak Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Budaya Politik
Authors: Prasojo Prasojo
Published: June 2021

Abstract

 

This study discusses the changes in political culture caused by the use of social media. The problems captured in this study consist of three dimensions, namely the orientation dimension of the political system, inputs and outputs. The urgency of this study is to show that the use of social media exerts an influence on a passive political culture to be active and participatory. The findings of this study show that political participation becomes the key word for seeing the differences in political culture when it is already influenced by social media. Social media has become a platform where the public can express their concerns, organize themselves and become more active in discussions that are important to them. Online political participation and activism have had a major impact on political policy making.   

 

Keywords: Political Culture, Social Media, Political Participation

 

Abstrak

 

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perubahan budaya politik yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan sosial media. Permasalahan yang di potret pada penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga dimensi, yaitu dimensi orientasi terhadap sistem politik, input dan output. Urgensi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sosial media memberikan pengaruh terhadap budaya politik yang pasif menjadi aktif dan partisipatif. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi politik menjadi kata kunci untuk melihat perbedaan budaya politik ketika sudah dipengaruhi oleh sosial media. Media sosial telah menjadi platform dimana publik dapat mengungkapkan keprihatinan mereka, mengatur diri mereka sendiri dan menjadi lebih aktif dalam diskusi yang penting bagi mereka. Partisipasi dan aktivisme politik secara daring telah memberikan dampak besar kepada pembuatan kebijakan politik.  

 

Kata kunci: Budaya Politik, Sosial Media, Partisipasi Politik
RESEARCH ON THE CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF CHINESE ENTERPRISES IN TRANSITIONALMERGERS AND ACQUISITION: GEELY'S ACQUISITION OF VOLVO
Authors: Kaifeng Y.
Published: June 2021

Based on the previous research on the integration of M & A culture, this paper discusses the case of Geely Group's acquisition of the Swedish luxury car brand Volvo. We study the integrating process to make the enterprise manager realize the importance of cultural integration and provide them the reference about cross-border merger and acquisition to improve the success rate of M&A.
PRIMARY-MULTIPLE MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (REVIEW)
Authors: Kamyshov S. , Izrailbekova K.
Published: June 2021

In the last decade, in the field of oncology, there has been an increasing interest in the study of issues related to the problem of primary multiple malignant tumors (PMMT). Many researchers agree that polyneoplasias are most often found in women, which is associated with an increase in the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors of the reproductive system, which is functionally represented by the mammary glands, uterus and ovaries. The development of comprehensive examination methods, including molecular genetic studies, contributes to the identification of synchronous PMMT of the female reproductive system. In our studies, metachronous tumors prevailed among PMMTs in breast cancer (65.7%). The most common metachronous cancer of the uterine body (37.1% of cases). Determination of the level of specific tumor markers allows you to monitor in advance the development of PMMT in this category of patients. Thus, each of the tumors of the female reproductive system should be considered as an indicator of the risk of the others, which should lead to a state of rapid response to the entire well-functioning system of dispensary registration, observation and use of a full range of special methods of clarifying diagnostics.
INFLUENCE OF DENTAL PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION LAMPS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF POST-FILLING SENSITIVITY
Authors: Koryagina T.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the main types of photopolymerization lamps used in therapeutic dentistry for light polymerization of photocurable composite materials. Their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, which can lead to the development of complications in the treatment of caries in the form of post-restoration sensitivity, are analyzed. Recommendations for optimal operation with these devices are formulated.Relevance. Often, post-filling pain occurs in experienced doctors with full adherence to the treatment protocol, when, it would seem, nothing should cause complications, overlooking the fact that the reason may lie in the use of a polymerizing device. An important problem today is the lack of awareness of doctors about the peculiarities of working with light-curing devices, depending on their characteristics. According to a survey by N.V. Petrazhitskaya, more than 60% do not know what kind of photopolymerizing lamp they use in their work, about 90% cannot indicate the luminous flux power of their device for polymerisation of the composite, 81% do not regularly check it. Therefore, the problem of the optimal use of light-curing lamps requires additional study.
FORESTRY EVALUATION OF GROWTH OF FOREST CROPS OF SPIRIT CREATED BY DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTING MATERIAL
Authors: Karbasnikova E. , Karbasnikov A. , Hajdukova I.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the scientific article is to assess the growth and condition of forest crops of European spruce, created by various types of planting material. The planting of European spruce seedlings in the southern taiga forest area was studied, their survival rate was assessed, and a comparative analysis of the growth of forest crops created by planting material with a closed root system and planting material with open roots was performed.
Breve presentación de los textos complementarios de Ding und Raum. Vorlesungen 1907 de Edmund Husserl
Authors: Canela Morales Luis Alberto
Published: June 2021

En el tomo XVI de la serie Husserliana, Ding und Raum. Vorlesungen 1907, se encuentran editadas las lecciones que versan sobre la cosa física y la percepción. Están precedidas por Die Idee der Phänomenologie. Fünf Vorlesungen que también fueron lecciones dictadas por Husserl en la Universidad de Gotinga del 26 de abril al 2 de mayo de 1907. Estas tenían como objetivo, entre otros, meditar sobre la reducción fenomenológica y explicitar la incursión en el tema de la constitución o “de la dilución del ser en la conciencia”.[2] En ese sentido, La idea de la fenomenología es un preámbulo para Cosa y espacio, y aunque Husserl no vuelve en esta obra sobre los problemas tratados en La idea de la fenomenología, sí supone su conocimiento, pues, justamente, Cosa y espacio es un seguimiento o, mejor dicho, una investigación que retoma el marco metodológico estudiado, además de que pone en “práctica” los conceptos que arrojó La idea de la fenomenología.
El género de terror, una forma de expresión del pensamiento subversivo y de contracultura en el cine y la literatura
Authors: Martínez Velasco Jesús Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

Todo género cinematográfico y literario posee una serie de elementos que le distinguen y le caracterizan, por lo que se puede decir que buscan generar un efecto determinado en el lector y/o espectador. En el caso del género de Terror, en donde el resultado global que se desea es causar horror, miedo, ansiedad, repulsión, asco, etc., no solo podemos esperar esto, quienes se han adentrado en el sinnúmero de producciones realizadas desde los inicios del cine y la literatura (producciones que son por mucho más antiguas al surgimiento del cine), saben que este género permite la expresión de propuestas subversivas y de contracultura que van desde miradas muy subjetivas y propias de un individuo determinado como la inmortalidad, la locura, el vacío existencial o la descomposición física y mental, hasta la crítica de la sociedad a través de distintas épocas, reprochando por ejemplo, los excesos del capitalismo, las desventajas de la tecnología, el consumismo, el aislamiento y la desigualdad social, la desconfianza y la paranoia, la lucha por los derechos civiles, etc.
Aproximación a la estética contemporánea
Authors: Nandayapa Mario , Altamira Rodríguez Armando
Published: June 2021

El presente ejercicio intenta revisar cómo se han conformado las categorías de la estética para comprender los momentos y disposiciones del arte a lo largo de la historia, como un primer punto de partida de carácter teórico. No se trata, sin embargo, de una visita historiográfica de la estética, sino una mirada crítica ante los constantes quiebres epistemológicos que ha traído consigo esta disciplina. La presentación de los datos más relevantes se efectuará a partir de la observación de los cambios en las lógicas que soportan el análisis estético, volcándose el interés, por ende, no en hallar un consenso de aquel orden, sino en posicionarse desde el problema de la estética como núcleo desintegrador de posturas rígidas.
Editorial
Authors: Gillespie John , Morris Katherine
Published: June 2021

If Descartes’ soul was always thinking, Sartre’s soul (if we may put it this way) was always not just thinking but putting those thoughts on paper. It is an indication of the enormous fertility of his thinking and writing across many decades that we continue to find food for our own thinking and writing in the whole span of his philosophical works, from his books on the imagination to his reflections on Marxism, as this issue of Sartre Studies International exemplifies. And in a year in which we seem to have rediscovered the value of dialogue with others, many of the contributions to this issue exemplify that value as well: we see here Sartre in dialogue with Husserl, with Beauvoir, with Badiou, and with Lacan.
The Art of Revolutionary Praxis
Authors: Davis Duane H.
Published: June 2021

Merleau-Ponty, in Humanism and Terror (1947), addresses the spectrum of problems related to revolutionary action. His essay, Eye and Mind (1960), is best known as a contribution to aesthetics. A common structure exists in these apparently disparate works. We must reject the illusion of subjective clairvoyance as a standard of revolutionary praxis; but also we must reject any idealised light of reason that illuminates all—that promises a history without shadows. The revolutionary nature of an act must be established as such through praxis. The creative praxes of the political revolutionary or the revolutionary artist are recognised ex post facto; yet each involves the creation of its own new aesthetic wherein the value of that praxis is to be understood spontaneously and all at once.
Coronal imbalance after growing rod treatment in early-onset scoliosis: a minimum of 5 years’ follow-up
Authors: Xu Liang , Sun Xu , Wang Muyi , Yang Bo , Du Changzhi , Zhou Qingshuang , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of coronal imbalance (CI) in patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS) who underwent growing rod (GR) treatment.

METHODS

A consecutive series of 61 patients with EOS (25 boys and 36 girls, mean age 5.8 ± 1.7 years) who underwent GR treatment was retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative CI was defined as postoperative C7 translation on either side ≥ 20 mm. Patients were divided into an imbalanced and a balanced group. Coronal patterns were classified into three types: type A (C7 translation < 20 mm), type B (C7 translation ≥ 20 mm with C7 plumb line [C7PL] shifted to the concave side of the curve), and type C (C7 translation ≥ 20 mm and a C7PL shifted to the convex side of the curve).

RESULTS

Each patient had an average of 5.3 ± 1.0 lengthening procedures and was followed for an average of 6.2 ± 1.3 years. Eleven patients (18%) were diagnosed with CI at the latest distraction, 5 of whom graduated from GRs and underwent definitive fusion. However, these patients continued to present with CI at the last follow-up evaluation. The proportion of preoperative type C pattern (54.5% vs 16.0%, p = 0.018), immediate postoperative apical vertebral translation (30.4 ± 13.5 mm vs 21.2 ± 11.7 mm, p = 0.025), lowest instrumented vertebra tilt (11.4° ± 8.2° vs 7.3° ± 3.3°, p = 0.008), and spanned obliquity angle (SOA) (9.7° ± 10.5° vs 4.1° ± 4.5°, p = 0.006) values in the imbalanced group were significantly higher than in the balanced group. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that a preoperative type C pattern and immediate postoperative SOA > 11° were independent risk factors for postoperative CI.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of CI in patients with EOS who underwent GR treatment was 18%. This complication could only be slightly improved after definitive spinal fusion because of the autofusion phenomenon. A preoperative type C pattern and immediate postoperative SOA > 11° were found to be the risk factors for CI occurrence at the latest follow-up.
Failure modes and effects analysis of mechanical thrombectomy for stroke discovered in human brains
Authors: Liu Yang , Gebrezgiabhier Daniel , Reddy Adithya S. , Davis Evan , Zheng Yihao , Arturo Larco Jorge L. , Shih Albert J. , Pandey Aditya S. , Savastano Luis E.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Despite advancement of thrombectomy technologies for large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke and increased user experience, complete recanalization rates linger around 50%, and one-third of patients who have undergone successful recanalization still experience poor neurological outcomes. To enhance the understanding of the biomechanics and failure modes, the authors conducted an experimental analysis of the interaction of emboli/artery/devices in the first human brain test platform for LVO stroke described to date.

METHODS

In 12 fresh human brains, 105 LVOs were recreated by embolizing engineered emboli analogs and recanalization was attempted using aspiration catheters and/or stent retrievers. The complex mechanical interaction between diverse emboli (elastic, stiff, and fragment prone), arteries (anterior and posterior circulation), and thrombectomy devices were observed, analyzed, and categorized. The authors systematically evaluated the recanalization process through failure modes and effects analysis, and they identified where and how thrombectomy devices fail and the impact of device failure.

RESULTS

The first-pass effect (34%), successful (71%), and complete (60%) recanalization rates in this model were consistent with those in the literature. Failure mode analysis of 184 passes with thrombectomy devices revealed the following. 1) Devices loaded the emboli with tensile forces leading to elongation and intravascular fragmentation. 2) In the presence of anterograde flow, small fragments embolize to the microcirculation and large fragments result in recurrent vessel occlusion. 3) Multiple passes are required due to recurrent (15%) and residual (73%) occlusions, or both (12%). 4) Residual emboli remained in small branching and perforating arteries in cases of alleged complete recanalization (28%). 5) Vacuum caused arterial collapse at physiological pressures (27%). 6) Device withdrawal caused arterial traction (41%), and severe traction provoked avulsion of perforating and small branching arteries.

CONCLUSIONS

Biomechanically superior thrombectomy technologies should prevent unrestrained tensional load on emboli, minimize intraluminal embolus fragmentation and release, improve device/embolus integration, recanalize small branching and perforating arteries, prevent arterial collapse, and minimize traction.
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using a novel minimally invasive expandable interbody cage: patient-reported outcomes and radiographic parameters
Authors: Woodward Josha , Malone Hani , Witiw Christopher D. , Kolcun John Paul G. , Koro Lacin , Keegan Kevin C. , Ahmad Shahjehan , Kerolus Mena G. , David Brian T. , Fessler R. David , Fessler Richard G.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a novel multidirectional in situ expandable minimally invasive surgery (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cage.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of 69 consecutive patients undergoing a 1- or 2-level MIS TLIF using an expandable cage was performed over a 2-year period. Standard MIS techniques with pedicle screw fixation were used in all cases. Upright lateral dynamic flexion/extension radiographs were reviewed prior to and at 1 year after surgery. Clinical metrics included numeric rating scale for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, and the SF-12 and VR-12 physical and mental health surveys. Radiographic parameters included anterior and posterior disc height, neuroforaminal height, spondylolisthesis, segmental lordosis, lumbar lordosis, and fusion rate.

RESULTS

A total of 69 patients representing 75 operative levels met study inclusion criteria. The mean patient age at surgery was 63.4 ± 1.2 years, with a female predominance of 51%. The average radiographic and clinical follow-ups were 372 and 368 days, respectively. A total of 63 patients (91%) underwent 1-level surgery and 6 patients (9%) underwent 2-level surgery. Significant reductions of numeric rating scale scores for back and leg pain were observed—from 6.1 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.3 (p < 0.0001) and 4.9 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.2 (p < 0.0001), respectively. A similar reduction in Oswestry Disability Index from 38.0 ± 4.6 to 20.0 ± 2.3 (p < 0.0001) was noted. Likewise, SF-12 and VR-12 scores all showed statistically significant improvement from baseline (p < 0.001). The mean anterior and posterior disc heights improved from 8.7 ± 1.0 mm to 13.4 ± 1.5 mm (p = 0.0001) and 6.5 ± 0.8 mm to 9.6 ± 1.1 mm (p = 0.0001), respectively. Neuroforaminal height improved from 17.6 ± 2.0 mm to 21.9 ± 2.5 mm (p = 0.0001). When present, spondylolisthesis was, on average, reduced from 4.3 ± 0.5 mm to 1.9 ± 0.2 mm (p = 0.0001). Lumbar lordosis improved from 47.8° ± 5.5° to 58.5° ± 6.8° (p = 0.2687), and no significant change in segmental lordosis was observed. The overall rate of radiographic fusion was 93.3% at 1 year. No perioperative complications requiring operative revision were encountered.

CONCLUSIONS

In this series of MIS TLIFs, use of this novel interbody cage was shown to be safe and effective. Significant improvements in pain and disability were observed. Effective and durable restoration of disc height and neuroforaminal height and reduction of spondylolisthesis were obtained, with concurrent gains in lumbar lordosis. Taken together, this device offers excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes via an MIS approach.
Defining minimal clinically important differences in pain and disability outcomes of patients with chronic pain treated with spinal cord stimulation
Authors: Sabourin Shelby , Tram Justin , Sheldon Breanna L. , Pilitsis Julie G.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds for a limited number of outcome metrics were previously defined for patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) at 6 months after spinal cord stimulation (SCS). This study aimed to further define MCID values for pain and disability outcomes. Additionally, the authors established 1-year MCID values for outcome measures with previously defined metrics commonly used to assess SCS efficacy.

METHODS

Preoperative and 1-year postoperative outcomes were collected from 114 patients who received SCS therapy for FBSS, complex regional pain syndrome, and neuropathic pain. MCID values were established for the numerical rating scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Four established anchor-based methods were utilized to compute MCID values with two anchored questions: “Are you satisfied with SCS therapy?” and “Would you have SCS surgery again?” For each question, patients were categorized as responders if they answered “yes” or as nonresponders if they responded “no.” The methodologies utilized to compute MCID scores included the average change method, minimum detectable change approach, change difference calculation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis has been shown to inform the accuracy at which the MCID value can distinguish responders from nonresponders and was analyzed for each instrument.

RESULTS

For the first time, ranges of MCID values after SCS were established for MPQ (1–2.3) and PCS (1.9–13.6). One-year MCID values were defined for all indications: NRS (range 0.9–2.7), ODI (3.5–6.9), and BDI (2–5.9). AUC values were significant for NRS (0.78, p < 0.001), ODI (0.71, p = 0.003), MPQ (0.74, p < 0.001), and PCS (0.77, p < 0.001), indicating notable accuracy for distinguishing satisfied patients.

CONCLUSIONS

This was the first study to successfully determine MCID values for two prominent instruments, MPQ and PCS, used to assess pain after SCS surgery. Additionally, previously established MCID values for ODI, BDI, and the visual analog scale for patients with FBSS at 6 months after treatment were explored at 12 months for the most common indications for SCS. These data may better inform physicians of patient response to and success with SCS therapy.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA KELAS VII SMP BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA MATERI HIMPUNAN
Authors: Maharati Muhamad Akbar , Friansah Drajat , Purwasi Lucy Asri
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Siswa berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Himpunan dan untuk mengetahui kualitas LKS dilihat dari aspek kevalidan dan kepraktisan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE, yaitu analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Tahap analisis meliputi (1) analisis kebutuhan; (2) analisis kompetensi dan instruksional. Tahap desain meliputi (1) penyusunan rancangan LKS; (2) membuat instrumen penelitian. Tahap pengembangan meliputi (1) pengembangan LKS; (2) validasi LKS; (3) revisi LKS; (4) ujicoba kelompok kecil. Tahap implementasi (1) ujicoba kelompok besar. Tahap evaluasi meliputi penilaian kualitas LKS. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Xaverius Lubuklinggau. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas LKS yang dikembangkan meliputi angket ahli dan angket kepraktisan siswa. Angket ahli digunakan untuk mengukur kevalidan LKS sedangkan angket kepraktisan siswa digunakan untuk mengukur kepraktisan LKS. Produk penelitian berupa Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Himpunan kelas VII SMP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kualitas bahan ajar dilihat dari aspek kevalidan termasuk dalam kategori valid dengan skor rata-rata 3,08 berdasarkan penilaian tiga dosen ahli (ahli bahasa, materi dan media) dengan skor maksimal 4,00; dan (2) kualitas bahan ajar dilihat dari aspek kepraktisan dikategorikan sangat praktis dengan skor rata-rata 3,43 berdasarkan hasil respon siswa terhadap LKS
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMASARAN PERUMAHAN DAN PEMBAYARAN KONSUMEN PADA CV MANDIRI UTAMA CABANG PAYAKUMBUH MENGGUNAKAN VISUAL BASIC 6.0
Authors: Siska Sri Tria
Published: June 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan pada CV Mandiri Utama bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah Sistem Informasi dengan menggunakan bahasa pemograman Visual Basic 6.0 untuk membantu dalam proses pembayaran konsumen dan merancang suatu database yang dapat menyimpan data-data yang berkaitan dengan analisis laporan data pembayaran konsumen dari sistem tersebut, serta mempermudah proses dan penyajian informasi yang akurat mengenai proses pembayaran. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah metode wawancara dan observasi.Kata Kunci : pembayaran,vb6.0 visual basic
IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR RESIKO YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA WAKTU PELAKSANAAN KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG SECARA SWAKELOLA STUDI KASUS : PEMBANGUNAN RKB SEKOLAH SD DAN SMP KOTA BUKITTNGGI
Authors: Kurniawan Deddy
Published: June 2021

Proyek konstruksi memiliki sejumlah resiko yang bervariatif, terutama pada proyek swakelola  dengan  melibatkan banyak  pihak,  dan  memakai  berbagai  macam  sumberdaya,  serta menghadapi banyak masalah ketidakpastian dan resiko, jika terjadi dapat mengurangi kerugian waktu yang dapat menjadikan proyek tertunda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor resiko yang mempengaruhi kinerja waktu pelaksanaan konstruksi gedung secara swakelola pada proyek pembangunan RKB sekolah. Proses didalam manajemen resiko proyek adalah identifikasi faktor-faktor resiko, analisa resiko, evaluasi resiko, dan tindakan mengelola resiko. Penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor resiko dilakukan secara kualitatif, dengan menganalisa data persepsi yang didapat dari kuesioner dengan responden pemilik proyek, tim pelaksana dan tim perencana/pengawas pembangunan RKB sekolah di kota Bukittinggi tahun anggaran 2018. Analisa data diolah dengan statistik deskriptif, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), dan analisa level resiko, untuk mendapatkan rangking faktor. Korelasi nonparametris dilakukan dengan korelasi Spearman. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan ada tujuh faktor resiko utama yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja waktu pelaksanaan konstruksi gedung secara swakelola pada proyek pembangunan RKB sekolah di Bukittinggi, yaitu : Kemampuan dan kecakapan pelaksana, rangking 1 (14.168%); Singkatnya waktu pekerjaan, rangking 2 (13.562%); Manajemen proyek yang kurang pengalaman, rangking 3 (12.529%); Perpajakan, rangking 4 (11.230%); Gangguan cuaca, rangking 5 (11.046%); Tenaga kerja dan produktifitas peralatan, rangking 6 (11.039%); dan Perkiraan Bill of Quantity yang kurang akurat, rangking 7 (10.314%). Dari analisa korelasi nonparametris didapat bahwa faktor resiko berkorelasi dengan kinerja waktu yang dapat menurunkan kinerja waktu proyek. Kata kunci : Faktor-Faktor Resiko, Kinerja Waktu , dan Proyek Swakelola
PENINGKATAN LAYAN DAYA TAMPUNG PELABUHAN PERIKANAN WILAYAH I PANTAI CAROCOK TARUSAN
Authors: Refi Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Wilayah Perairan Koto XI Tarusanp Provinsi Sumatera Barat merupakan basis operasi berlabunya kapal-kapal ikan bagi para nelayan. Kondisi perairan Koto XI Tarusan di wilayah Teluk Carocok Anau sangat ideal sekali dijadikan sebagai area pelabuhan karena kondisinya yang terletak di teluk. Menurut data buku laporan tahunan Pelabuhan Pantai Carocok Tarusan armada penangkapan ikan yang berdomisili di Pelabuhan Pantai Carocok Tarusan sebanyak 139 unit,belum termasuk kapal yang dari Kecamatan lain di pesisir selatan, maka seiring meningkatnya tingkat kedatangan kapal maka pelayanan dan pasilitas harus juga di tingkatkan.Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelayanan Pelabuhan Perikanan yang harusdisesuai dengan karakteristik berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri KP No.16 Tahun 2004 tentang persyaratan Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Carocok Tarusan masih ada kekurangan yang dimiliki yaitu seperti luas lahan yang masih belum terpenuhi. Hasil analisa terhadap kapasitas pengembangan dermaga pelabuhan adalah bahwa panjang dermaga efektif saat ini 100 m sedangkan total panjang dermaga yang harus disediakan berdasarkan volume peningkatan kunjungan kapal adalah 160 m dengan estimasi 5% pada tahun 2024. Jadi untuk panjang dermaga yzng layak untuk digunakan tetapi untuk syarat pelabuhan perikanan menurut peraturan menteri harus ditambah sepanjang 60 m. Untuk luas kolam perlu penambahan sebesar 56,232 Ha. Dan untuk pelayanan dermaga perlu ditingkatkan kembali agar tingkat kedatangan kapal tidak menurun pada periode berikutnya.
PENGGUNAAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA PADA STRUKTUR GRID DENGAN PROGRAM FREEMAT
Authors: Hamzah Amir
Published: June 2021

Metode elemen hingga adalah alat yang ampuh untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang kompleks terkait dengan bidang teknik dan bidang lainnya. Metode ini paling banyak digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah analisa struktur. Di rekayasa struktural di mana analisis kritis dengan akurasi tinggi adalah parameter penting dan itu terbukti efektif. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas metode elemen hingga khususnya elemen grid menggunakan Program FreeMat. Pada penggunaan metode ini ada beberapa hal yang harus diketahui, yaitu modulus elastisitas E, modulus geser elastisitas G, momen inersia I, konstanta torsional J, dan panjang batang L.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN EFEKTIFITAS PELATIHAN KOMPETENSI TENAGA KERJA KONSTRUKSI TERHADAP LEVEL KIRKPATRICK
Authors: Jumas Dwiftra Yenti , Ariani Vivi , Asrini Asrini
Published: June 2021

Pelatihan berbasis kompetensi merupakan pelatihan yang mengacu kepada Standar Kompetensi Kerja Indonesia. Selama kurun waktu 2014 sampai dengan 2015, jumlah pelatihan sumber daya manusia jasa konstruksi Sumatera Barat mengalami peningkatan lebih dari 3 kali lipat dengan jumlah 5 kegiatan pelatihan berbasis kompetensi pada tahun 2014 dan 17 kegiatan pada tahun 2015. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap efektifitas kegiatan Pelatihan Berbasis Kompetensi yang telah dilaksanakan tersebut, khususnya di Sumatera Barat dengan mempertimbang 3 aspek diatas yaitu knowledge, skill dan attitude. Metode Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Untuk melihat hubungan antara evaluasi pelatihan empat level Kirkpatrick dengan kompetensi pada bidang yang dilatih dilakukan dengan menggunakan korelasi Bivariat Kendall’s Tau pada program SPSS. Dari hasil analisat 43 indikator pada 4 level Kirkpatrick (reaksi, pembelajaran, prilaku dan hasil), 58,1% indikator yang efektif, sisanya 18 indikator tidak efektif. Sedangkan hubungan indikator yang efektif terhadap 6 kompentensi menunjukan hanya 24% yang signifikan yaitu H1 (pelatihan mampu merubah cara pandang, cara berfikir, sikap dan prilaku), H5 (pelatihan mampu meningkatkan keterampilan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan), H9 (pelatihan mampu meningkat-kan dalam membaca gambar dan sketsa) dan R2 (materi yang diberikan sesuai dengan unit kompetensi bidang pelatihan).
ANALISA BIAYA KERUGIAN KARENA MENGALAMI KONDISI KEMACETAN AKIBAT PERBAIKAN JALAN DITINJAU DARI WAKTU TUNDA PERJALANAN DAN KENAIKAN BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK (BBM) KENDARAAN
Authors: Asset M. Ameer , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan latar belakang adanya proyek perbaikan jalan yang berdampak pada timbulnya kemacetan lalu lintas kendaraan karena pada lokasi tersebut diterapkan pola pengaturan rekayasa lalu lintas dengan sistem buka tutup jalan. Sebagai kategori jalan nasional yang menghubungkan kota-kota besar di Pulau Jawa, pada ruas jalan yang diperbaiki tersebut memiliki kepadatan yang sangat tinggi sehingga pemandangan antrian panjang kendaraan yang melewati ruas jalan tersebut berlangsung selama proyek perbaikan jalan tersebut dilaksanakan. Proyek tersebut membutuhkan durasi pelaksanaan 5 bulan sehingga menjadi hal yang sangat menarik untuk dilakukan analisa kerugian pekerjaan akibat kemacetan ditinjau dari waktu dan penggunaan bahan bakar minyak (BBM). Ruas jalan Pucuk-Babat Kabupaten Lamongan berdasarkan perkerasan sebelumnya menggunakan jenis perkerasan lentur (flexible pavement), kondisi jalan tersebut tidak mampu menahan beban lalu lintas kendaraan yang lewat di atasnya sehingga terjadi penurunan (seattlement) dan pergeseran (sleeeding) pada perkerasan jalan dan tanah dasar, sehingga jalan menjadi bergelombang dan berlubang. Adanya proyek perbaikan jalan berupa pergantian jenis perkerasan menggunakan perkerasan kaku (rigid pavement) berupa jalan beton menyebabkan timbulnya kemacetan lalu lintas kendaraan sepanjang ruas jalan yang diperbaiki tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, kendaraan yang dianalisa terdiri dari 2 jenis kendaraan, yaitu terdiri jenis kendaraan ringan (light vehicle) dan jenis kendaraan berat (heavy vehicle). Berdasarkan atas hasil analisa biaya kerugian pekerjaan akibat kemacetan ditinjau dari waktu tundaan (delay) perjalanan untuk jenis kendaraan ringan adalah sebesar Rp. 2.090.699/jam pada kondisi macet di jam kerja dan sebesar Rp. 3.070.875/jam pada kondisi macet di luar jam kerja; sedangkan untuk jenis kendaraan berat adalah sebesar Rp. 3.349.324/jam pada kondisi macet di jam kerja dan sebesar Rp. 5.254.032/jam pada kondisi macet di luar jam kerja. Berdasarkan atas hasil analisa biaya kerugian pekerjaan akibat kemacetan ditinjau dari penggunaan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) untuk jenis kendaraan ringan adalah sebesar Rp. 2.445.705/jam pada kondisi macet di jam kerja dan sebesar Rp. 1.673.438/jam pada kondisi macet di luar jam kerja; sedangkan untuk jenis kendaraan berat adalah sebesar Rp. 6.505.738/jam pada kondisi macet di jam kerja dan sebesar Rp. 4.422.820/jam pada kondisi macet di luar jam kerja.

Kata Kunci: Jalan, Kendaraan, Kemacetan, Waktu, BBM dan Biaya Kerugian.