bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redistribution of Energy during Horizontal Stretching of Ocean Vortices by Barotropic Currents
Authors: Zhmur V. V. , Harutyunyan D. A.
Published: April 2024

The paper proposes a study of the transformation of the physical properties of mesoscale vortices during their strong elongation by horizontal barotropic currents. It is shown that when the core is pulled out, the kinetic and available potential energies of the vortex individually, as well as their sum (the total mechanical energy of the vortex) decreases, and the vortex itself degrades in all physical parameters. The decrease in the energy of the ensemble of vortices when they are pulled out by the background flow is interpreted as a manifestation of the reverse energy cascade property or, in older terminology, the phenomenon of negative viscosity.
On the development of Sand Deposits in the Southern Part of the Curonian Spit
Authors: Eroshenko D. V. , Napreenko M. G. , Dorohova E. V. , Kharin G. S. , Zhukovskaya I. P. , Bashirova L. D.
Published: April 2024

As part of paleogeographic studies on the Curonian Spit (geological section GS 024), a coastal section was studied from the sea in the area of the village Lesnoy in the place where relic lagoon oozes come out. The granulometric, chemical and mineral compositions of slope sands were studied for the first time. The heterogeneity of the conditions for the formation of sand strata was confirmed. A high probability of a secondary change in the composition of sediments as a result of weathering processes was revealed. The results of the study indicate a gradual advance of sand deposits on the coastal part of the lagoon, which began about 10 thousand years ago. Differentiation of the sand stratum into the lower and upper parts relative to the interlayer-marker of coarse-grained sand identified in the section may reflect different stages of generation of the sand stratum: from the supposed shallow swell formed during sea level rise to beach and eolian sands.
Lithology and Stratigraphy of the Quaternary Sediments from the Ameghino Segment of the Atlantic Patagonian Margin
Authors: Ivanova E. V. , Borisov D. G. , Murdmaa I. O. , Kazarina G. Kh. , Simagin N. V. , Zinger T. F.
Published: April 2024

The paper provides the first lithology and age data from the Ameghino segment of the Atlantic Patagonian Margin. The multi-proxy study, including lithology, microfossils, magnetic susceptibility, color reflectance and accelerator mass spectrometry enables the litho- and chronostratigraphic frame of the six short (1 m) sediment cores from the continental margin from the water depth range of 2–2.3 km. The units corresponding to marine oxygen-isotope stages (MIS) 1–3 are identified and distantly correlated with the simultaneous units of the reference core AI-3327 from the Piedra Buena Terrace. The unit thickness and sedimentation rates are evaluated. The occurrence of glauconite in the coarse-grain sediments of the last glacial, previously described from the simultaneous sediments on the Piedra Buena Terrace, is confirmed now within the Ameghino segment of the continental margin. The confirmation of the contourites occurrence in the sediment cores is also provided suggesting the bottom currents involvement in sedimentation.
Water Masses in the Western Part of the Chukchi Sea in August 2019 and Their Hydrochemical Features
Authors: Kodryan K. V. , Kivva K. K. , Zubarevich V. L. , Pedchenko A. P.
Published: April 2024

The distribution of water masses in August 2019 in the Chukchi Sea, and their hydrochemical features are i-nvestigated using shipboard data from the transarctic expedition onboard the R/V Professor Levanidov. The work was carried out in the southern shallow part of the sea and in the northern part of the sea outside the 70-meter isobath. Six main water masses were identified: Alaskan and Anadyr Coastal Water (ACW), Siberian Coastal Water (SCW), Melt Water (MW), Summer Bering Sea Water (BSW), Remnant Pacific Winter Water (RWW) and Atlantic Water (AW). Their features are described and analyzed. It was revealed that the water masses of the Chukchi Sea are characterized by a high spatial variability of hydrochemical parameters, especially the BSW, RWW and AW. In the southern part of the Chukchi Sea the presence of very high values of ammonium nitrogen in the bottom layer was noted (up to 12.6 µM). In august 2019, transformed AW, typically residing below 150 m, were observed at a depth of 117–137 meters, characterized by salinity values from 34.2 to 35.7, high content of mineral silicon (93–97 µM), low elevated values of apparent oxygen utilization (240–270 µM), and unusually low N* (a measure of the fixed nitrogen excess relative to phosphorus) values (down to −24.0 µM). At the same time, the AW observed at depths below 140 m did not have such hydrochemical features.
Features of Formation of the Lena Polynya on the Estuarine Coast of the Bykovsky Arm in the Summer
Authors: Minkovskaya R. Ya.
Published: April 2024

Based on the results of the global oceanic reanalysis (GLORYS12.v.1), materials of hydrometeorological observations of the Roshydromet network in the Laptev Sea and the mouth of the Lena River, reviews of the ice processes in the Arctic Ocean by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, this paper considers the features of the evolution of the Lena Polynya on the estuarine coast of the Bykovsky Arm in the warm period 1993–2019. The relationship between the timing of the formation of a polynya on the seashore of this arm with the dates of the beginning of the flood at the top of the Lena River delta has been revealed. The assumption is confirmed that the average growth rate of the Lena polynya in summer is determined by the timing of its formation – the earlier the flood begins, the earlier the polynya forms on the coast of the Bykovsky arm and the smaller the average rate its growth. It has been established that the process of warming in the mouth area of the Lena in 2008–2019 stabilized, as there are no significant trends in the characteristics of water and ice regimes. These regularities may be invariant for other mouths of the rivers of the Laptev Sea basin, and the obtained dependences can be used to improve the forecast of the dates of cleansing of the water area at the estuary seashore of the Lena from ice and planning icebreaking navigation along the route Tiksi port–Lena River.
Hydrocarbons at the Water-Atmosphere Border in the Barents and Kara Sea
Authors: Nemirovskaya I. A. , Khramtsova A. V.
Published: April 2024

The concentrations and composition of hydrocarbons (HCs), aliphatic (AHCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Barents and Kara Seas were determined in the surface microlayer (SML, 300 µm thick), melting ice, and surface waters. Field material was collected in 80 and 83 cruises of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in August 2020 and June 2021, respectively. In SML, HCs occur primarily in suspension. In the Barents Sea, the AHCs content in suspension was lower (31–96, 68 µg/l on average) compared with the Kara Sea (187–1051, 693 µg/L on average), where examination was carried out in the early summer season. In the Kara Sea, the AHCs concentrations in the SML were 3.6 times higher than in the dissolved form (89–270, 158 μg/L on average), while compared to the suspension of surface waters, they were almost 15 times higher. The accumulation of organic compounds also occurs in ice, but to a lesser extent than in SML. From the alkanes composition, the influence of autochthonous processes on HCs generation in melting ice is insignificant. The PAHs contents in suspension were also 4.8 times higher on average than in the dissolved form. An influence of combustion products of ship fuel on the composition of PAHs was traced by markers, which showed that in addition to phenanthrene, in all samples fluoranthene and pyrene dominated.
Heterotrophic Nano- and Microplankton in the Kara Sea in Autumn
Authors: Sazhin A. F. , Romanova N. D. , Kopylov A. I. , Romanenko A. V. , Zabotkina E. A.
Published: April 2024

Based on the obtained and all available literature data, it has been shown that the abundance of heterotrophic flagellates in the Kara Sea at the end of the season is relatively stable in different years, while in other Arctic seas (East Siberian and Chukchi Seas) the described values of this indicator are 1.5–2 times higher. The indicators of the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the bottom water vary to a much lesser extent than in the water column. The abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the bottom water of the bays of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago is significantly lower than in the same biotopes in the eastern and western parts of the Kara Sea. Most organisms are free-living forms. About a third of the protozoa are associated with detritus particles. The ratio of the biomass of heterotrophic flagellates to the biomass of bacteria more than doubles in the layer of bottom water and in the upper layer of sediments compared to the water column. For the water column of the Kara Sea, the calculated value of grazing of bacterioplankton by flagellates does not exceed 2% of their biomass. The ratio of the eaten biomass of bacterioplankton to the biomass of consumers in most cases decreases with depth.
Conditions for the Transformation of a Mesoscale Vortex into a Submesoscale Vortex Thread When the Vortex Elongates by an Inhomogeneous Barotropic Flow
Authors: Zhmur V. V. , Belonenko T. V. , Novoselova E. V. , Suetin B. P.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study the effects of strong stretching in the horizontal plane of large-scale mesoscale ocean eddies using the ellipsoidal eddies theory in the World ocean. The purpose of this work is to theoretically determine the physical conditions for unbounded stretching eddies and also check the feasibility of these conditions in the ocean. We estimate the share of mesoscale ocean eddies that are elongated into filaments and then they redistribute energy from the mesoscale to the submesoscale.
New Estimate of the Supply of Dissolved Organic Carbon with the Waters of the Ob and Yenisei to the Kara Sea Basin
Authors: Fedulov V. Y. , Belyaev N. A. , Gordeev V. V. , Romankevich E. A.
Published: April 2024

Calculations were made of the runoff of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into the Kara Sea with the waters of the Ob and Yenisei rivers. The estimates performed showed that the DOC runoff with the Yenisei waters (3.67 × 106 tC/year) is less than the DOC runoff with the Ob waters (4.06 × 106 tC/year), which is due to differences in the structure of the drainage basins and estuaries of these rivers. All previous published estimates show the opposite. The lack of the DOC content data during the maximum flood of the Yenisei does not let us calculate accurately the DOC runoff with its waters, but makes it possible to estimate its maximum and minimum values (3.11–4.18 × 106 tC/year).
The Distribution of Deep-water Scleractinean Corals in the Indian Ocean and Its Similarities and Differences with that Found in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Keller N. B. , Oskina N. S. , Olshanetskiy D. M. , Zarajka J. A.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to clarify the particular distribution of deep-water Indian Ocean colonies of scleractinean corals with respect to the location of the belts of the global oceanic conveyer. This study is based on the author’s own and others’ publications on the fauna of Indian Ocean corals, and ranks the stations where these organisms have been found by depth. It has been determined that a maximum of finds was obtained at a depth of 1–2 km, with the amount declining sharply at lower depths, and that the amount increases once more at a depth of 4–5 km. However, at the lower depths scelactinean corals are represented by just 3 species belonging to 2 genera. An asymmetry in spatial distribution Scleractinian in the depth more then 3 km was established, with a far greater number of stations in the western part of the ocean than in the east. This phenomenon is likely linked to the idiosyncracies of the circulation of both contemporary and neogen water. A comparison of the fauna of the Indian Ocean’s scleractinian corals of the depths 1–2 km with those of the Pacific, which have already been studied, shows that the Pacific features the most species quantity, with 109 species, while that of the Indian Oceans is with 18 species, respectively.
Study of Marginal Filter of Mesotidal Estuary of Indiga River (Barents Sea Basin)
Authors: Miskevich I. V. , Kotova E. I. , Moseev D. S.
Published: April 2024

The article provides brief information on the study of the features of the marginal filter of the mesopotential estuary of the Indiga River in the Barents Sea in the summer low water of 2022.
Climate Trend Estimation of the Powell Basin Hydrophysical Characteristics
Authors: Bukatov А. A. , Solovei N. M. , Pavlenko E. A.
Published: April 2024

The trend assessment of the dynamic state of the Powell Basin waters in the Weddell Sea was made on the basis of the hydrological data of the 79th cruise of the R/V AkademikMstislavKeldysh (January 16–February 6, 2020) and the World Ocean Database-2018 data for January-February from 1975 to 2020. At each node of the quarter-degree grid, a linear trend was constructed for the calculated values of the maximum buoyancy frequency and the maximum amplitude of the vertical component of the internal wave velocity. It is shown that the southwestern and northwestern parts of the Powell Basin differ significantly in their hydrophysical characteristics. In the northwest of the basin, the linear trend of the maximum buoyancy frequency is negative, the trends of the depths of the maximum values of the Väisälä-Brent frequency and the amplitude of the vertical velocity component are positive. In the southwestern part of the basin, the opposite is true: the trend of the maximum buoyancy frequency is positive, the trends in the depths of the maximum values of the Väisälä-Brunt frequency and the amplitude of the vertical velocity component are negative.
Occurrence and Distribution of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Antarctic Atlantic Sector
Authors: Chernetsky A. D. , Chukmasov P. V. , Krasnova V. V. , Tretiakov A. V. , Tretiakova L. G. , Bitiutskiy D. G. , Mosharov S. A. , Salyuk P. A.
Published: April 2024

The occurrence and distribution of fin whales and humpback whales along the route of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Antarctic Atlantic sector in January and February 2022 were studied. The features of the whales’ distribution were considered depending on the depth of the water area, the abundance and age of krill, and the Chl-a concentration in the water. The highest occurrence of fin whales was found in the deep waters of the Powell Basin and the Orkney Trench, where the highest concentrations of adult krill have been recorded. The highest occurrence of humpback whales was observed in the shallow Bransfield Sound, where small and young krill predominated. The dependence of the occurrence of whales on the concentration of chlorophyll was not confirmed.
Number of the Most Abundant Sea Mammal Species in the Vicinities of the Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Sea and Powell Basin Area
Authors: Kharitonov S. P. , Tretyakov A. V. , Chukmasov P. V. , Chernechky A. D. , Mischenko A. L. , Konyukhov N. B. , Dmitriev A. E. , Artemyeva S. M. , Pilipenko G. Yu. , Mamaev M. S. , Tretyakova L. G. , Rozhnov V. V.
Published: April 2024

Observations were conducted from the Research Vessel “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the Drake Passage, vicinities of the Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Sea and the northern part of the Weddel Sea during two voyages in January–early March 2020 (the vessel trip number 79) and during the single voyage in January–February 2022 (trip number 87). Data allow to evaluate the number of the most abundant sea mammals in the area near South Shetland Islands, Scotia Sea and Powell Basin. Observation area of 2022 in the Antarctic were located in about 150 km eastwards of the area of 2020. The area under survey of a little bit greater than 343 th. square km in January-February 2020 held approximately 1200 Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and 2800 Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus). In 2022 this area held approximately 2500 Fin Whales and again 1200 or more amount of Humpback Whales. Numbers of the Antarctic Fur Seals in each season here assessed approximately 2000-3000 animals. Type of distribution of these two whale species along the vessel track pointed on the absence of food competition either within or between these species during Antarctic summers of 2020 and 2022. It was possible to evaluate the total numbers of the Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus gazella), however this evaluation appeared to be less precise than the same ones for Humpback Whales and Fin Whales.
A Regional Algorithm for Calculating the Photic Zone Thickness from the Vertical Profile of the Beam Attenuation Coefficient on the Example of the Northwestern Part of the Weddell Sea
Authors: Latushkin A. A. , Salyuk P. A. , Suslin V. V. , Martynov O. V.
Published: April 2024

A method is proposed for constructing a regional algorithm for calculating the thickness of the euphotic zone from in situ measurements of the vertical profiles of the beam attenuation coefficient under the condition of one-parameter optical properties of water (Case-1 water). Using the proposed methodology, a regional algorithm for determining the thickness of the photic zone was developed based on the results of synchronous measurements of the beam attenuation coefficient and photosynthetically active radiation, performed in January 2022 as part of the 87th cruise of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh for the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea. For this region, an equation was obtained that makes it possible to estimate the photic zone depth with a relative reconstruction error of 18%.
Structure of Bottom Flows in Abyssal Channels of the Atlantic: Comparison of Autonomous and Vessel Observations in the Vema Channel, Romanche Fracture Zone, and Kane Gap
Authors: Mekhova O. S. , Smirnova D. A. , Frey D. I.
Published: April 2024

Oceanographic data from measurements in deep-water channels of the Atlantic Ocean were analyzed. Data from two different methods were compared: CTD/LADCP measurements from research vessels and data from autonomous mooring stations. The comparison showed that discrepancies between the data obtained by two different methods can significantly exceed the instrumental accuracy of the instruments. This result highlights the importance of correct selection of mooring station locations in conditions of significant spatial gradients in measured characteristics. The results of the analysis showed that throughout the Antarctic waters pathway, the measurement differences are of the same orders of magnitude. Therefore, the conclusions can be valid for all abyssal channels with intense AABW flows.
Internal Waves Near Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands
Authors: Mekhova O. S. , Smirnova D. A. , Morozov E. G. , Ostroumova S. A. , Frey D. I.
Published: April 2024

We analyze internal waves based on measurements on cruise 87 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Bransfield Strait near Half Moon Island and calculations using a numerical model. The measurements were carried out on January 25, 2022 for four hours using a line of temperature and pressure sensors, along with the measurements with a CTD probe. Temperature fluctuations according to the sensors of the thermal line and the probe showed that the amplitude of internal waves is close to 5 m, sometimes reaching 15 m. According to the results of calculations of the global tidal model TPXO9, irregular semidiurnal tides predominate in the study area. Numerical calculations of the parameters of internal waves show that the baroclinic tide generated on a steep slope breaks up into higher frequency waves.
Structure and Temporal Variability of the Northern Branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Drake Passage
Authors: Ostroumova S. A. , Drozd I. D. , Frey D. I.
Published: April 2024

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current plays the key role in the circulation of the Southern Ocean and affects the distribution of heat by the ocean on the global scale. The study of the dynamics and structure of this current becomes especially important in a changing climate. The current is well revealed by satellite altimetry data, which makes possible to study temporal and spatial variability of its structure at different scales. In these studies, the methods for determining the position of individual fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current based on satellite altimetry data become especially important. In this work, we compare various approaches for detection of front locations. The structure of the northernmost branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subantarctic Front, and its spatial and temporal variability was studied based on satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2020 and the results of a hydrographical section occupied by the R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the northern part of the Drake Passage in February 2020. We selected a 350 km long part of the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1,2,3 satellite altimeter track from Tierra del Fuego to the south for the analysis of the dynamics of the front. Criteria for determining the position of the northern and main branches of the Subantarctic Front are presented based on satellite altimetry data. A long-term shift of the position of the fronts relative to the previously accepted levels of absolute dynamic topography has been found. It was found that the accuracy of determining the position of fronts using fixed values of dynamic topography may decrease with time, in particular due to changes in the mean sea level. A statistically significant long-term trend of sea level rise in the region of the Subantarctic Front was found. This trend is 4 mm/yr for the northern branch and 2.5 mm/yr for the main branch.
Comparative Analysis of Morphometric and Reproductive Parameters of Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) of the Kara and Barents Seas
Authors: Bakanev S. V. , Pavlov V. A.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a comparative analysis of size and reproductive parameters of snow crab in the Barents and Kara Seas, estimated in the period 2005–2019. In the Kara Sea, females reach maturity when their carapace width (CW) is over 30 mm, and the carapace width at 50% maturation is 38 mm. In the Barents Sea, female crabs reach functional maturity when their CW 35 mm, and the carapace width at 50% maturation is significantly higher compared to the Kara Sea and is equal to 51 mm. The fecundity of individuals of the same size, caught in the Kara Sea, is slightly lower than the fecundity of individuals recorded in the Barents Sea. At the same time, the increase in the number of eggs with an increase in CW in females of the Kara and Barents Seas is linear and statistically different (ANCOVA, p = 0.0327): 27 and 22 thousand eggs with an increase in CW by 10 mm, respectively. Compared to snow crabs in other geographic regions, in the Kara Sea, the values of the studied snow crabs parameters were close to the values estimated for individuals of the Arctic eastern seas: the Chukchi Sea and the Beaufort Sea. Most of the parameters of the Barents Sea population were comparable with the parameters of the populations of the southern part of the native range (the Sea of Japan, North-West Atlantic). It was revealed that the near-bottom temperature is to a large extent a limiting factor affecting not only the distribution of snow crab in the regions of the Northeast Atlantic, but largely determines the features of its morphometric and reproductive parameters during the acclimatization of the species in the Kara and Barents Seas.
Geological and Geophysical, Geomorphological and Hydrophysical Investigations in Barents and Kara Seas during the Cruise 51 of the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov in 2022
Authors: Nikiforov S. L. , Sorokhtin N. O. , Ananiev R. A. , Dmitrevskiy N. N. , Moroz E. A. , Roslyakov A. G. , Kokin O. V.
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive geological and geophysical, geomorphological and hydrophysical studies carried out on the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov in the eastern part of the Barents Sea and the western part of the Kara Sea in the fall of 2022. The research included multibeam echo sounding and seismic profiling, hydrological sounding, as well as sampling of water and sediments in the areas of oil and gas fields’ development and along the Northern Sea Route. The expedition studied the structure of the seabed relief and the upper sedimentary strata on the polygons of detailed investigations. The areas of distribution of various glacial landforms and modern geohazards specified during the expedition.
Video Registration of the “In Situ” Zooplankton Vertical Distribution
Authors: Olenin A. L. , Mishin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of the application of a probing complex for particle detection are presented on the example of detection of an accumulation of euphausiids in the bottom water layer in the Gulf of the Stepovoy Kara Sea during the 85th cruise of the R/V Mstislav Keldysh, September 2021.
Water Structure and Carbon Dioxide Flux Over the Laptev Sea Continental Slope and in the Vilkitsky Strait in the Autumn Season
Authors: Polukhin A. A. , Kazakova U. A. , Gusak G. V. , Muravya V. O. , Belikov I. B. , Pankratova N. V. , Skorokhod A. I. , Borisenko G. V. , Flint M. V. , Shchuka A. S.
Published: April 2024

In the frameworks of the program “Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic seas”, carried out by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS since 2007, studies of the structure of waters, spatial variability of the carbonate system parameters have been performed, and the intensity and direction of the carbon dioxide flux over the continental slope of the Laptev Sea and in the Vilkitsky Strait in September 2018 have been calculated. The presence of several main water masses that determine the structure of waters in the study area is shown. A strong spatial variability of the parameters of the carbonate system of sea waters, determined by the complexes of physical and chemical-biological processes, has been revealed. The intensity and direction of the carbon dioxide flux at the water–atmosphere boundary were calculated, ranging from –12 to +4 mmol m–2 day–1. It was revealed that the investigated area of the outer shelf of the sea and the continental slope of the Laptev Sea is an emitter of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as of September 2018. The area of the Vilkitsky Strait, on the contrary, is an area of absorption of CO2.
Extreme Sea Level Variations in the Sea of Japan Caused by the Passage of Typhoons Maysak and Haishen in September 2020
Authors: Smirnova D. A. , Medvedev I. P.
Published: April 2024

This study investigates extreme sea level variations recorded by tide gauges in the Sea of Japan during the passages of typhoons Maysak and Haishen in September 2020. Specific focus is on storm surges, seiches and infragravity waves identified in the records using tidal and statistical analyses. At most locations, storm surges, formed through the combined effect of atmospheric pressure changes and strong winds, were the major contributors to the extreme sea level events. For the Russian and Japanese coasts, the first typhoon, Maysak, turned out to have the greatest impact, while for the southeastern coast of the Korean Peninsula, the largest sea level variations were caused by the second typhoon, Haishen. At all sites, the passing storms induced eigen oscillations in the respective bays and harbours. Pronounced high-frequency oscillations with periods of two to seven minutes, which appear to be associated with infragravity waves, were recorded, reaching a maximum range of 2 m at Preobrazheniye. The observed differences in component content and associated characteristics of the observed sea level variations arise from differences in the topographic features of the corresponding coastal sites. Statistical analysis of the atmospheric pressure and wind speed series taken from weather stations and from the ERA5 reanalysis shows that atmospheric pressure is reproduced by reanalysis with high accuracy, whereas wind speed at different stations has significant discrepancies related to differences in orographic features.
Research of the Baltic Sea in the 61 Cruise of the R/V Akademik Ioffe (June–July 2022)
Authors: Ulyanova M. O. , Sivkov V. V. , Aleksandrov S. V. , Bubnova E. S. , Gusev A. A. , Dorokhova E. V. , Ezhova E. E. , Eremina T. R. , Kapustina M. V.
Published: April 2024

In the 61st cruise of the R/V Akademik Ioffe (June 28–July 12, 2022), complex oceanographic survey was carried out in the Russian sectors of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland. In the conditions of long-term absence of major inflows of North Sea waters, hypoxia and anoxia continue to develop in deep waters. In the eastern part of the Gdansk Deep, a contourite drift was identified for the first time, formed during the Littorina phase of the Baltic Sea. Together with the Kant Baltic Federal University, complex study was carried out on the offshore site of the Kaliningrad carbon polygon and the V International Summer School “Coastal zone of the sea: research, management and prospects” was held.
Geochemistry of Iron-Manganese Crusts of the Bering Sea
Authors: Baturin G. N. , Novigatsky A. N.
Published: April 2024

The ferromanganese crusts found in the Bering Sea on the Volcanology Massif, the Alpha Fault Zone, and the Shirshov Submarine Ridge that cover the surface of rocky volcanic structures are most likely the product of post-volcanic activity. The present results indicate that the studied ferromanganese formations were formed under the influence of two factors: on the one hand–as a result of slow precipitation of metals from ordinary seawater, on the other hand–under the possible influence of metal-enriched hydrothermal solutions. In microstructural and mineralogical terms, the composition of Fe–Mn crusts of the Bering Sea turned out to be rather monotonous. The ore part is represented mainly by ferruginous vernadite and rarely hematite in combination with amorphous silica, to a lesser extent montmorillonite, calcite, and aragonite. The manganese mineral todorokite, considered a reliable sign of hydrothermal origin of ore crusts, was not detected in our samples. In the studied samples the reduced cerium anomaly (0.87) was established only in one sample, and in other samples its value varies within 1.08–1.89, which is typical for the upper horizons of the ocean water column. At the same time, the europium anomaly is close to neutral, so in 7 samples its value is 0.96–1.03 (average 1.0) and only in three samples it is slightly increased (1.05–1.07), which can be considered a very weak sign of hydrothermal activity. In addition, the presence of gold microinclusions in the ferromanganese phase can indirectly indicate the possible influence of hydrothermal factor on the crust composition.
Investigations of the Transform Faults’ Sediment Infill and Water Masses of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic (63d Cruise of the R/V “Akademik Ioffe”)
Authors: Ivanova Е. V. , Borisov D. G. , Gavrikov A. V. , Demidov А. N. , Ivanenko A. N. , Kirillova O. I. , Krasheninnikova S. B. , Levchenko O. V. , Shulga N. A.
Published: April 2024

This paper provides information on the integrated geophysical, sedimentological, and hydrophysical investigations, passing meteorological and biological observations in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic during the cruise 63d of the R/V “Akademik Ioffe” in October–December 2022. The preliminary scientific results are discussed.
Forecast of the Dynamics of a Sandy Beach in Complexed Hydrodynamic Conditions
Authors: Kantarzhi I. G.
Published: April 2024

Changes in the coastal zone under the influence of currents of different nature and wind waves are being investigated. A sandy beach located in the water area of the “Park of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg”, the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, is considered as an object. The beach is actively affected by wind waves and eventually washes away with the intensity of the retreat of the shore of about 4 m per year. For numerical modeling, a set of models is used: SWAN–wind-wave model and COASTOX-UN–a two-dimensional model of currents, sediment transport and bottom reformation. It was developed a model of the Neva Bay and the mouth of the Neva River from the Flood Prevention Facility Complex in the west to the river Neva near the Liteiny Bridge in the east. Based on the reanalysis of wind data, 36 strong storms were selected for a five-year period from 2014 to 2018, for the sequence of which numerical modeling of waves, currents and lithodynamic processes was carried out. It was obtained balances of alluvial and washouts after a ten-years simulated period for beach sectors. To verify the results, satellite images of the modeling area are used, it was found that the model adequately describes the main observed trends in the development of the beach.
Species Composition and Distribution of Cetaceans in the Atlantic and Indian Sectors of Southern Ocean
Authors: Kirillova O. I.
Published: April 2024

The data of accompanying observations of the spatial distribution, species composition and abundance of cetaceans in the southern part of the Atlantic and Indian oceans and in the coastal waters of Antarctica in the southern autumn of 2021 are presented. In total, 3 species of whales (82 sightings–136 individuals), 1 species of beaked (1 sighting–4 individuals) and 6 species of dolphins (15 sightings–324 individuals) were registered in the research area. In total, cetacean were observed 98 times, 464 individuals were registered. As in previous years, humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae predominated (58.82%), they are successfully restoring their quantity, although they suffered greatly during whaling in the XVIII–XX centuries. Antarctic minke whales Balaenoptera bonaerensis made up 21.32%, and fin whales Balaenoptera physalus made up 19.85% of all whales. Southern right whale dolphins (83.33%) prevailed among all dolphins.
The Bottom Relief and the Anomalous Magnetic Field of the Ninetyeast Ridge in Near 5° N
Authors: Levchenko O. V. , Ivanenko A. N. , Veklich I. A. , Turko N. N.
Published: April 2024

The geophysical survey in cruise# 42 of R/V Akademik Boris Petrov (2017) at the polygon near Site 758 ODP clarified significantly knowledge about the bottom topography of the northern segment of the Ninetyeast Ridge. It is crossed by E–W transversal linear troughs, apparently being young tectonic fractures. The morphology of the narrow elevated block in the central part of the deep depression between neighboring large volcanic edifices is characterized in detail. Along with linear tectonic structures, the main features of this block are two volcanic seamounts. The detail magnetic survey at the polygon identified for the first time the nature of the sources of magnetic anomalies on the Ninetyeast Ridge. Intense local magnetic anomalies are observed here, both confined to local structures of the bottom and basement relief, and clearly unrelated to them. These anomalies are of a complex interfering nature caused by the superposition of fields from sources separated by magnetization, spatial position and age. According to the results of paleomagnetic analysis of the anomalies, the age of the structures here is very wide: the youngest features were formed about 20 million years ago, the oldest ones–over 80 million years ago.
Application of Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells in Systems of Year-Round Monitoring of Water Environment Parameters
Authors: Volchenko N. N. , Lazukin А. А. , Maslennikov S. I. , Pakhlevanyan А. А. , Samkov А. А. , Khudokormov А. А.
Published: April 2024

The bioelectrogenic activity of sediments of natural microbial association of the Peter’s Bay of Japanese sea research was performed in a year-round experiment with parallel temperature, illumination and water electrical conductivity monitoring by means of benthic microbial fuel cell (MFC) and automatic online-monitoring. Several variants of underwater devices, including benthic microbial fuel cells, monitoring water environment sensor,information collection and transmission systems, have been developed. This device make electrical voltage up to 216 mV, specific power up to 239 mW/m2. Electrogenic activity of natural microflora depends on water temperature and reach maximum on summer with temperature about 20–25°C. The introduction of toxicants in form as hydrocarbons and cadmium into the sluge led to the suppression of microbial electrogenesis. However the introduction of inductor substances of microbial sulfidogenesis led to the stimulation of microbial electrogenesis. The possibility of functioning of the benthic MFC in the field of the Peter’s Great Bay in various climatic periods is shown. It is shown that such experimental devices serve as a basis for autonomous stations monitoring the state of the aquatic environment for a long time and in a wide range of conditions change. Thus, automatic registration of temperature, illumination and salinity of water with a frequency of 48 times a day was carried out for 13 months (11/28/2019–12/31/2020). The electrogenic activity of this microbiota upon MFC scaling can potentially become a new renewable energy source for low-power marine electronics, including those used in mariculture.
New Representative of Pinus L. from Jurassic Deposits of Belgorod Region, Russia
Authors: Bazhenova N. V. , Bazhenov A. V. , Tekleva M. V. , Resvyi A. S.
Published: April 2024

A new species of fossil pines, P. bukatkinii sp. nov., was found in the Middle Jurassic of Stoilensk open mine (the vicinity of Stary Oskol town, Belgorod Region). Seed cones of the new species possess four key diagnostic characters of representatives of the genus Pinus L.: thickened scale apices with apophyses and umbo; trace to the seed scale and bract represents a single unit; resin canals enter the seed scale base abaxially; adaxially concave vascular bundles in the seed scale. The distinctive feature of the new species is a strong sclerification of the seed scale ground tissue. Galleries, made by herbivores, were found in seed cones of P. bukatkinii sp. nov., that represents the oldest documented evidence of parasitism on pinaceous seed cones.
Late Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera of the Mountainous Crimea in the MSU Earth Science Museum’s Collection
Authors: Grechikhina N. O.
Published: April 2024

Planktonic foraminifers are widely distributed in the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Mountainous Crimea. Marker species are of great importance for biostratigraphy and section correlation. Tests Globotruncanita stuarti (De Lapparent, 1918) and Pseudotextularia elegans (Rzehak, 1891) are used as index species for local and regional biostratigraphic scales, and tests of the genus Rugoglobigerina Brönnimann, 1952 are for the faunal layers. The article provides a systematic description of important biostratigraphic species Pseudotextularia elegans (Rzehak, 1891), Rugoglobigerina rugosa (Plummer, 1927), R. hexacamerata Brönnimann, 1952, R. milamensis Smith and Pessagno, 1973, R. macrocephala Brönnimann, 1952 и Globotruncanita stuarti (De Lapparent, 1918), on the basis of which the age of the rocks of five sections of the Mountainous Crimea was determined.
New Data about Sarmatian Aglajidae (Gastropoda)
Authors: Guzhov A. V.
Published: April 2024

Sarmatian Paleaglaja jolkii V. Anistratenko from the family Amathinidae was included in genus Chelidonura A. Adams. Additional morphological characteristics and the data about a stratigraphical range given for this species. Assumption about derivation of the Sarmatian Ch. jolkii from the Badenian Ch. radwanskii Bałuk, 2018 was presented.
First Record of the Genus Atsabites Haniel (Paragastrioceratidae, Ammonoidea) from the Lower Permian of the Pamirs
Authors: Leonova T. B.
Published: April 2024

All available data on the history of study and morphology of the exotic subfamily Atsabitinae Furnish, 1966, which includes only two genera of very rare paragastrioceratids from the Kungurian of the Tethyan Realm (Timor Island and South-eastern Pamirs) and the Wordian of Texas, are summarized and reviewed. The first find of a representative of the Kungurian genus Atsabites Haniel in the South-eastern Pamirs (Bolorian Stage, Kochusu Formation, Lower Subformation) is described. Previously, this genus was known only from the Bitauni Beds of Timor Island. The finding of representatives of the endemic Timorese genus Atsabites in the Boztere assemblage of the South-eastern Pamirs confirms the very close links that existed between these basins in the Early Permian.
A New Species of Ground Beetle (Insecta, Coleoptera, Trachypachidae) from Lower Cretaceous Locality Khasurty, Western Transbaikalia
Authors: Ponomarenko A. G.
Published: April 2024

A new species of ground beetle (Insecta, Coleoptera, Trachypachidae) Unda popovi sp. nov. is described from Lower Cretaceous locality Khasurty, western Transbaikalia. The genus is known from Middle Jurassic of northeastern China and terminal Jurassic of Transbaikalia.
New Records of Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Pleistocene El Abrón Locality (Cuba)
Authors: Rosina V. V. , Lopatin A. V. , Agadjanian A. K. , Гонсалес С. Фиоль
Published: April 2024

A study of new materials on bats from layer VII of the Late Pleistocene karst El Abrón locality (Pinar del Río Province, Cuba) has identified remains of Macrotus waterhousii Gray, Artibeus anthonyi (Wołoszyn et Silva Taboada), Brachyphylla nana Miller, Phyllonycteris poeyi Gundlach, Monophyllus redmani Leach (Phyllostomidae), Antrozous koopmani Orr et Silva Taboada (Vespertilionidae), Pteronotus parnellii (Gray) (Mormoopidae), and Rhizomops brasiliensis (Geoffroy) (Molossidae). The presence of the historically extinct species Artibeus anthonyi and Antrozous koopmani, endemic to Cuba, is typical for the Late Pleistocene taphocenoses of the island.
A Review of the Triassic Caddisflies with a Description of New Species from the Middle–Upper Triassic of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Sukatsheva I. D. , Sinitshenkova N. D.
Published: April 2024

A review of all Triassic caddisflies is compiled and their stratigraphic and geographical distribution is discussed. New species of the caddisflies of the families Cladochoristidae: Cladochorista curta sp. nov. and Cladochoristella sola sp. nov., and Prorhyacophilidae: Prorhyacophila rara sp. nov. and P. batkenica sp. nov are described from the Dzhayloucho locality in Kyrgyzstan (Middle–Upper Triassic, Madygen Formation).
Revision of Permosialidae (Insecta: Palaeomanteida) from Uppermost Lower and Lower Middle Permian of European Russia
Authors: Aristov D. S. , Rasnitsyn A. P.
Published: April 2024

Generic and species composition of Permosialidae (Insecta: Palaeomanteida) from the uppermost Lower and lower Middle Permian of European Russia is discussed. Permosialis defurcata Martynova, 1952, P. brevifurcata Martynova, 1952, P. bifasciata Martynov, 1933, P. cauleoides Martynova, 1952, P. marmorata Martynova, 1952, P. immaculata Martynova, 1952 and P. fasciata Martynova, 1952 (all from the Lower Kazanian deposits of Soyana in Arkhangelsk Region) are synonymized under P. paucinervis Martynov, 1928 from the coeval deposits of Tikhie Gory in Tatarstan. Permosialis quadriramosa Martynova, 1952 from Soyana is synonymized under Palaeomantopsis furcatella Martynov, 1928 from Tikhie Gory. Palaeomantopsis furcatella, Permosialis paucinervis, P. perfecta Martynova, 1952, and P. latiformis Martynova, 1952 (the latter two from Soyana) are redescribed. Permosialis vizzya sp. nov. from Upper Kungurian of Vorgashor coal field and P. martynovae sp. nov. from Soyana are described as new.
Gastropods of the genus Sulcoactaeon Cossmann from the Barremian and Hauterivian Deposits of Ulyanovsk Volga Region (Russia)
Authors: Blagovetshenskiy I. V.
Published: April 2024

Eight new species of the genus Sulcoactaeon are described from the Barremian and Hauterivian of the Ulyanovsk Volga region: S. gerassimovi sp. nov., S. fallax sp. nov., S. simbirskensis sp. nov. S. kremenkensis sp. nov. from the Barremian, S. insuetus sp. nov., S. rotundus, sp. nov., S. polivnensis sp. nov., S. shumilkini sp. nov. from the Hauterivian. Information about their geographical and stratigraphic distribution is given.
Miocene Amathinidae (Gastropoda) of the Eastern Paratethys
Authors: Guzhov A. V.
Published: April 2024

Review was made for the Tarkhanian and Chokrakian representatives of the family Amathinidae. Two genera were defined—Leucotina and Carinorbis. The species L. ventosa (Bajarunas, 1910), L. belskayae (L. Iljina, 1993), L. costata sp. nov., L. excussa sp. nov., L. ovata sp. nov. and L. ovatoides sp. nov. were described in a composition of the genus Leucotina. L. ventosa is known from the undoubted Tarkhanian and continues to live in the Chokrakian, whereas the rest species were collected from the Chokrakian only. Relationships between the species of Leucotina remain unclear, although they can be divided into several morphological groups. It is concluded that a Chokrakian biodiversity of the genus is result of earlier (Tarkhanian) prehistory of Leucotina. Genus Carinorbis is represented by the rare and juvenile shells, which occur in uppermost Tarkhanian and in lower Chokrakian. The shells were determined as a species C. clathrata (Philippi). A proposal was made that Carinorbis not had a reproducing population in the Eastern Paratethys, but its founds is a result of bringing of the larvae from the neighboring bassins (Central Paratethys or Mediterranean).
On the Some Parkinsonia (Ammonoidea: Parkinsoniidae) from the Uppermost Bajocian of the Kuban and Urup Rivers Interfluve (Northern Caucasus, Russia)
Authors: Mitta V. V.
Published: April 2024

Representatives of the genus Parkinsonia were studied using new material from the upper part of the Bajocian Parkinsoni Zone (Middle Jurassic) of Karachay-Cherkessia. Ammonites were found ex situ in the stratotype section of the Djangura Formation (southern slope of Dzhangura Mountain). The species P. perplanulata Wetzel [m], P. wetzeli Schmidtill et Krumbeck [m], P. cf. parkinsoni (Sowerby), P. cf. friedericiaugusti Wetzel are identified and partly illustrated. P. pseudoplanulata Besnosov [M, m], which was originally established only on macroconchs, is redescribed.
Fossil Burrows from the Eopleistocene Paleoichnological Locality of Sopaty Kurgan
Authors: Ponomarenko D. S.
Published: April 2024

Five morphotypes of fossil burrows are described from four Eopleistocene paleosols from Sopaty Kurgan (Krasnodar krai, Russia). The architecture, ornamentation and diameter of fossil burrows was compared with a reference collection of modern burrows. The first morphotype is identified as Nannospalax sp. from its architecture, in particular, the shape of the lower junction of vertical shafts and tunnel diameter. The architecture (subhorizontal tunnels, absence of vertical ones), diameter and ornamentation of the second morphotype show affinities with the burrows of the modern water-vole, Arvicola terrestris; it possibly belongs to a large Mimomys sp. The third morphotype is identified as belonging to a large jerboa Allactaga sp. from the shape of the cross-section and diameter. The fourth morphotype is identified as a medium-large-sized arvicolid. The fifth morphotype is identified from the presence of spiral vertical tunnels as belonging to a mole-vole, Ellobius sp.
Changes in Composition of the Family Mesorthopteridae (Insecta, Eoblattida) in the Permian and Triassic
Authors: Aristov D. S.
Published: April 2024

New representative of family Mesorthopteridae (Insecta; Eoblattida), Mesoidelia rasnitsyni sp. nov., from the Madygen locality (Middle or Upper Triassic of Kyrgyzstan) is described. Changes in composition of the family Mesorthopteridae in the Permian and Triassic are discussed.