bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Creatinine Muscle Index Based on Creatinine Filtration: Associations with Frailty and Mortality
Authors: Ballew Shoshana H. , Zhou Linda , Surapaneni Aditya , Grams Morgan E. , Windham B. Gwen , Selvin Elizabeth , Coresh Josef , Miao Shiyuan , Inker Lesley A. , Levey Andrew S.
Published: January 2023

Background

Low muscle mass is related to frailty and increased mortality in older adults. However, muscle mass is not easily assessed in routine clinical practice.

Methods

This study describes a novel creatinine muscle index (CMI) on the basis of serum creatinine and cystatin C in a community-based sample of older adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Analyses included 4639 participants who attended visit 5 (2011–2013) and 12,786 participants who attended visit 2 (1990–1992). CMI was defined as creatinine filtration (the product of serum creatinine times eGFR on the basis of cystatin C) and was analyzed in sex-specific tertiles. Cross-sectional associations of CMI with a frailty trichotomy, defined by the number (robust [0]/prefrail [1–2]/frail [3–5]) of five frailty components (weight loss, slowness, exhaustion, weakness, and low physical activity), were studied using polychotomous logistic regression and binary logistic regression with each frailty component. Cox regression was used to estimate associations of CMI at visit 5 and visit 2 with mortality. Models were adjusted for demographics, clinical variables, and comorbid conditions.

Results

CMI (tertile 1 versus 3) was moderately associated with frailty (visit 5: adjusted odds ratio 4.23 [95% CI, 2.02 to 8.87] in men and 2.34 [95% CI, 1.41 to 3.89] in women) and with mortality (visit 5: adjusted hazard ratio 1.45 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.94] in men and 1.55 [95% CI, 1.13 to 2.12] in women; similar results were seen at visit 2).

Conclusion

Lower CMI was associated with frailty and increased mortality, two clinical outcomes known to be associated with decreased muscle mass. Creatinine filtration may be an index of muscle mass and have utility in clinical practice, particularly at low levels.
Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının Yazma Becerisine Yönelik Hazırladıkları Ders Planlarının Ders İşleme Süreci Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: GEÇİCİ Fidan
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmada Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının yazma becerisine yönelik hazırladıkları ders planlarında ders işleme sürecinin nasıl düzenlendiğini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Türkçe öğretmenliği 3. sınıfta öğrenim gören 60 Türkçe öğretmeni adayının yazma becerisine yönelik hazırladığı ders planları veri kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Veriler doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından düzenlenmiş ders planı taslağı ve kodlama formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda derse giriş aşamasında öğretmen adaylarının büyük çoğunluğunun duyuşsal hazırlık sürecini yanlış, zihinsel hazırlık sürecini ise doğru planladığı tespit edilmiştir. Yine öğretmen adaylarının büyük bir kısmının ders işleme sürecini belirlenen yazma yöntemine ve kazanımlara uygun olarak planladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak öğretmen adayları ders işleniş sürecini planlı yazma ve değerlendirme modeline göre düzenlemede çok başarılı olamamışlardır. Benzer şekilde, öğretmen adaylarının ders işleme sürecini metin türünde öğretilmesi gereken özelliklere uygun olarak düzenlemede de çok başarılı olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Una nueva especie de Chthamalia (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; Gonolobeae; Gonolobinae), endémica a Puebla, México
Authors: Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O. , Chávez Hernández María Guadalupe , Castañeda-Zárate Miguel
Published: January 2023

Antecedentes: Chthamalia es un género de Gonolobinae distintivo por su hábito trepador o rastrero, sus flores de hasta dos centímetros de diámetro y su corona ginostegial ciatiforme con apéndices generalmente lineares. Ocho especies han sido reportadas en México, pero ninguna de ellas corresponde al taxón estudiado.
Pregunta y/o Hipótesis: ¿Cuáles son las características que diferencian a los individuos del presente taxón con respecto a otras especies de Chthamalia? ¿Cuál es su distribución y estado de conservación?
Especie de estudio: Chthamalia tehuacana y especies morfológicamente similares.
Sitio y años de estudio: Valle de Tehuacán, Puebla, México, durante 2021-2022.
Método: Se realizó una búsqueda intensiva de información relacionada al género y se consultaron ocho herbarios y bases de datos. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre especies morfológicamente similares. Se evaluó el estado de conservación de la nueva especie siguiendo los lineamientos de la UICN. En algunas poblaciones se registraron los visitantes florales y se documentaron los nombres comunes y usos del taxón.
Resultados: Se describe la nueva especie Chthamalia tehuacana y se compara con C. ojadapantha, C. schaffneri y Matelea pueblensis. Se proveen imágenes de las especies, así como se reportan visitantes florales de C. tehuacana. Se presenta un mapa de distribución y se sugiere su estado de conservación como Vulnerable.
Conclusiones: La presente aportación enriquece el conocimiento de Chthamalia en México, que tiene ahora nueve especies registradas y aumenta su nivel de endemismo al 78 %. Asimismo, remarca la alta diversidad de Apocynaceae en el Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán.
AUSCULTATION OF A HEART AND VASCULAR ACTIVITY DURING AURICULAR NERVE STIMULATION
Authors: Pečlin Polona , Rozman Janez , Janež Renata , Bajželj Nuša , Ribarič Samo , Mirković Tomislav
Published: January 2023

The principal objective of the research was to develop and test a multichannel system intended to capture heart (PCG) and Korotkoff sound (KS) signals in a human model of transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation (tANS). In particular, the purpose was to develop contact auscultation transducers (transducers) capable of capturing PCG and KS at standard auscultation positions without and during the selective tANS. The scope was to develop transducers capable of capturing body sounds lying in a portion of the frequency spectrum between 20 Hz and 200 Hz. They should be as insensitive as possible to external sound or ambient noise and should be capable of compensating for friction noise due to body movements. The system developed consisted of five transducers, where four of them were intended for the auscultation of PCG generated by heart valves, while one of them was intended to capture KS. The functionality of the transducers was tested in the female model by applying four of transducers to the standard positions on the chest and one over the Brachial artery. The results show that the system developed was highly sensitive to PCG and KS, and less sensitive to external ambient sounds and friction noise. Namely, the S1 and S2 heart-sound peaks are present clearly in the recorded PCG signal as well as during the tANS. It was also shown that during the tANS, heart cycles became slightly shorter and, thus, the heart rhythm slightly higher. Finally, during the tANS, both heart sounds S1 and S2 became louder. In conclusion, the findings provide some evidence that the sounds captured by the transducers emanate from the organs under study and are related to their activity and tANS.
ADVANCED MATERIALS AND RESEARCH FOR THE GREEN FUTURE
Authors: Podgornik Bojan
Published: January 2023

Environmental concerns, such as pollution, greenhouse-gas emissions, sustainability, global warming and climate change, are the biggest challenges of our times. In this respect, the more efficient use of energy and materials combined with technology optimization and innovation are playing a key role in the quest to become a green society with green industry. Multiple environmental and economic benefits can mostly be achieved through novel, lightweight energy-efficient designs. In order to develop and properly use new materials and new designs, complete understanding and information on their properties must be obtained. It is also vital to know how these properties are affected by the conditions of a specific application. Furthermore, as the design of components is pushed towards the limits, unsuitable and outdated measuring methods, measuring uncertainty and deviations from the defined material properties can lead to unexpected premature failure of the component and environmental problems.

For the green future, it is extremely important to develop new, advanced materials. However, it is often the changes of the production technology and to the surface of an already-existing material that can achieve great benefits to performance as well as the environment. It is all about modifying the material to perform better, last longer, be biocompatible and achieve different functionalities. Finally, besides high-tech equipment and research facilities, close cooperation between universities, research institutes and industry is needed to develop technologies, functional materials and solutions that can effectively support the journey of our society into a green future
Nucleo CMP Forte™ for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Sh I Magalov , Sadagat Huseynova , EE Mustafaeva , R Bagirova
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common and best well-known cause of peripheral nerve compression. To date, none of the studies have determined the optimal combination of pyrimidine nucleotides and electrical stimulation (ES) in CTS patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel product containing uridine and cytidine monophosphate (Nucleo CMP Forte™) in combination with ES for the treatment of CTS. Methods: This open-label, randomized, controlled study involved 60 patients with CTS at the Azerbaijan Medical University (Baku, Azerbaijan) and Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation between 2017 and 2021 years. Patients were randomized to receive the exploratory treatment (Nucleo CMP Forte™ and ES) or single ES treatment for ten days. The combination treatment included two stages: Nucleo CMP Forte™ and ES for ten days (stage one), and Nucleo CMP Forte™ as monotherapy (stage two) for ten days. Results: In the exploratory group, the complete restoration of pain sensitivity was achieved by 17.1% of patients and the narrowing of the existing zone of hypesthesia by 74.3%. Positive Tinel test was revealed in 52.4% of patients after the first and 76.2% after the second stage in the exploratory group, versus 43.8% in the control group. Mean values in the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusion: Nucleo CMP Forte™ in combination with ES contributes to a more pronounced regression of patients' complaints, clinical manifestations, severity, and neurophysiological indicators in mild-to-moderate CTS.
La prensa como objeto de investigación para un estudio histórico de la literatura colombiana. Balance historiográfico y establecimiento del corpus
Authors: Bedoya Sánchez Gustavo Adolfo
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo se propone cuatro objetivos. Primero, a modo de introducción, resalta la importancia de la prensa como objeto de investigación para un estudio histórico de la literatura colombiana; segundo, establece el lugar que la investigación acerca de la prensa colombiana tiene en la actualidad; tercero, selecciona un corpus de obras periódicas literarias colombianas para su futuro análisis; y cuarto, a modo de cierre, presenta algunas consideraciones conceptuales y metodológicas para el estudio de dicha selección.
La familia Herreros: entre la transgreción y el compromiso religioso
Authors: Acevedo Gaviria Claudia Patricia
Published: January 2023

Éste artículo desarrolla la oposición religión/modernidad en la novela La Casa de las dos Palmas y cómo sus personajes principales-Los Herreros-la ejecutan y la padecen al querer desarrollar una autonomía propia que paradójicamente va a estar atada a su tradicionalismo y, por extensión, a la región antioqueña que sirve de radiografía en parte la historia del país. El concepto de modernidad se trabaja en su definición más amplia, en el modo como en una sociedad se constituyen sus sujetos; en la búsqueda de esa individualidad que además de libertad de expresión, les va a generar vacío y una angustia de la existencia y tangencialmente como desarrollo tecnológico y científico, pues esta contextualización es el trasfondo cultural, social y político que permite entender la tensión ideológica entre los Herreros y la Iglesia.Descriptores: Religión; Modernidad; Colonización antioqueña; Partidos políticos; Liberales y conservadores; La Casa de las dos Palmas; Mejía Vallejo, Manuel. Abstract: The present article develops the opposition religion/modernity in the novel La Casa de las dos Palmas by Manuel Mejía Vallejo. The discussion focuses in how its main characters-Los Herreros-experience and suffer that opposition in their longing to develop an individuality that paradoxically is going to be tied to their traditional ways of living, and to the Antioquean region which represents, in part, the country´s history. The concept of modernity is interpreted in a broad sense: how subjects are constituted in a society and their search of such individuality that, besides its meaning of freedom of speech, produces a sense of emptiness and an existential anguish. Modernity is also read as technological and scientific development, because it is the context of the cultural, social and political background which allows understand the ideological tension between the Herreros and the Church. Key words: Religión; Modernity; Antioquean colonization; Political parties; Liberals and Conservatives; La Casa de las dos Palmas; Mejía Vallejo, Manuel.
Para desmitificar a Mito
Authors: Gilard Jacques
Published: January 2023

A pesar del reconocimiento de que la revista Mito (1955-1962) tuvo en Colombia una importancia indiscutible en torno a la difusión de la cultura literaria, política y social, y a debates relativos a la lucha por la libertad, es innegable, también, que dicho reconocimiento ha sobrepasado los límites de la ecuanimidad. Mediante un elogio desmesurado de la revista y de sus gestores Jorge Gaitán Durán, Eduardo Cote Lamus y Hernando Valencia Goelkel, se ha ocultado sistemáticamente el papel y la importancia de publicaciones y de intelectuales y artistas que antecedieron a la revista bogotana. Mito es incomparable sólo si se anula la existencia de Jorge Zalamea y de su quincenario Crítica. Descriptores: Revistas colombianas; revista Mito; Zalamea, Jorge; Crítica; el centro y las márgenes. Abstract: Although the journal Mito (1955-1962) was considerably appreciated in Colombia for its  undeniable importance around the spread of literary, political and social culture, and about the debates related to the fight for freedom, it is also undeniable that such recognition has surpassed the limities of ecuanimity. Through an excessive apology of the journal and its founders, Jorge Gaitán Durán, Eduardo Cote Lamus y Hernando Valencia Goelkel, the role and importance of publications, intellectuals and artists previous to the journal from Bogotá have been systematically forgotten. Mito is unsurpassed only if we deny the existence of Jorge Zalamea and his biweekly journal Crítica. Key words: Colombian journals; Journal Mito; Zalamea, Jorge; Crítica; center and margins.
Fernando Vallejo: o falacias de un narciso que dice regresar a morir para no morir
Authors: López Óscar R.
Published: January 2023

El presente escrito discurrirá sobre las intenciones de un escritor que regresa con el propósito de morir en la tierra natal, Medellín, y las complejas relaciones resultantes de dicho viaje. Al vincularse en el lugar de destino con individuos de imaginario opuesto (sicarios despojados de educación formal), este intelectual viajero se inserta en un ambiente en el que las prácticas de violencia dominan las andanzas por la geografía urbana de la sociedad desordenada medellinense. El propósito de mi discurrir es poner en evidencia que el viaje del narrador Vallejo no es más que un artilugio de un narciso necesitado de goce y de escándalo para seguir viviendo de tránsito. Descriptores: Vallejo, Fernando; La virgen de los sicarios; representación del narciso; viajero; autobiografía; posmodernismo. Abstract: This article discusses the intentions of a writer who returns to his home town, Medellin, with the aim of dying there, and the complex relationships resulting from that trip. While in Medellin, he gets acquainted with people belonging to a different imaginary (‘sicarios' without formal education), the intellectual traveler joins a milieu in which violent practices dominate the disordered urban geography of Medellin's society. The purpose of this discussion is to give evidences that for Vallejo, the narrator, the trip is nothing more than a stratagem of the Narcissus in need of pleasure and scandal to continue a live in a journey. Key words: Vallejo, Fernando; La virgen de los sicarios; Narcissus's representation; traveller; autobiography; postmodernism.
Franz Kafka. Microcuentos y dibujos. Selnich Vivas Hurtado (Trad.)
Authors: Areiza Serna Laura
Published: January 2023

El traductor es un mecenas de la obra. Este acepta una invitación a reescribir y repensar la obra en otro sistema de convenciones. La lengua recelosa niega sus secretos en el arduo proceso de reinventar una obra en otro idioma que no es el original. Muchas obras literarias han sido víctimas de las inclinaciones de sus traductores y editores, siendo amalgamadas con propósitos quizá disímiles a los del autor.
Editorial. Periodismo, literatura y proceso intelectual
Authors: Vergara Andrés
Published: January 2023

El periodismo, la literatura y el mundo de las ideas están imbricados en una historia compartida. Ello se hace evidente en esta edición 26 de Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, compuesta por seis artículos, una nota, tres reseñas y la sección bibliográfica. Abrimos con Juan Guillermo Gómez, quien nos presenta su lectura de la correspondencia entre Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot y Nils Hedberg, a través de la cual asistimos al surgimiento y maduración de una profunda amistad que nació cuando el crítico colombiano asistió al Instituto Iberoamericano de Gotemburgo en calidad de becario. Es también la oportunidad de ver cómo el intelectual se debate entre su ejercicio de la crítica literaria y su urgencia de subsistencia, en un empleo diplomático que se le hace tan gris como la ciudad en la que está por aquellos años, Bonn, a la que califica como “una cueva horrorosa”, en contraste con la acogedora Gotemburgo, que se ha convertido en la ciudad de sus sueños.
Carlos Arturo Torres: aproximaciones a su postura intelectual, literaria y estética Carlos
Authors: Ramírez Jaramillo John Fredy
Published: January 2023

Este artículo ofrece una mirada al pensamiento intelectual, estético y literario de Carlos Arturo Torres. En él se destaca el análisis que hace sobre las reorientaciones del pensamiento contemporáneo a partir de una argumentación positivista. Se estudia la interpretación en torno al desarrollo intelectual y la historia literaria a la luz de las leyes positivistas de constancia y transformismo, a la vez que se presenta la noción de literatura de ideas con la que es explicado parte del devenir literario. También se señala la postura estética que motiva en el autor colombiano su concepción de la literatura contemporánea y la corriente modernista. Finalmente, son debatidas sus consideraciones estéticas sobre las categorías del ideal y la belleza y el marco clasicista que las envuelve.
Publicaciones seriadas sobre literatura colombiana. El Nuevo Tiempo Literario Bogotá: Imprenta de El Nuevo Tiempo (1903-1915, 1927-1929). Primera parte
Authors: Bedoya S. Gustavo A.
Published: January 2023

La sección “Publicaciones seriadas sobre literatura colombiana” presenta reseñas de artículos de crítica de literatura colombiana que aparecen en revistas académicas. En esta oportunidad se presenta la primera entrega de El Nuevo Tiempo Literario, Bogotá: Imprenta de El Nuevo Tiempo (1903-1915, 1927-1929).
Medida invariable de los valores y la teoría de David Ricardo sobre la mercancía
Authors: Benetti Carlo , Cartelier Jean
Published: January 2023

• Resumen: Exponer una interpretación novedosa en tomo de la teoría de los precios desarrollada por el ricardianismo es el objetivo de este artículo. Al utilizar algunas contribuciones de Piero Sraffa se muestra, por un lado, algunos equívocos importantes incurridos por Karl Marx en la lectura del contenido de la teoría de David Ricardo; por otra parte, la ruptura analítica entre el enfoque marxista y el de su predecesor clásico. Finalmente, se propone la ubicación de la especificidad del discurso ricardiano sobre la mercancía en el concepto de "dificultad de producción" existente en un sistema económico concebido a partir de la hipótesis de la reproducción v una norma de repartición del excedente físico. • Abstract: This article presents a recent interpretation of ricardian price theory. Some of Piero Sraffa's contributions allow us to show some important equivocations in Karl Marx's reading of Ricardo's theory and, also, the analytical brake between the marxist approach and its classical predecessor. Finally, assuming a hypothesis of reproduction and a rule for the distribution of physical surplus, the concept of "production difficulty" is proposed to capture the specific characteristics of the ricardian commodities discourse.
El subsidio al precio del oro en Colombia
Authors: Lobo Urquijo Alvaro Augusto
Published: January 2023

• Resumen: En el mes de marzo de 1984 la Junta Monetaria estableció un subsidio al precio del oro en Colombia, el cual estuvo vigente hasta el mes de septiembre de 1986. Durante ese período, las ventas del mineral al Banco de la República alcanzaron niveles sin precedentes. La creencia de que parte de ese oro provenía del exterior suscitó una gran controversia en el país. En este artículo se examinan los efectos de aquella medida en la balanza cambiaría y se intenta identificar la capacidad de respuesta de las diferentes formas de producción auríferas a la variación de los precios, a fin de evaluar la eficacia de la política de sobreprecio adelantada en esos años.   • Abstract: Between the months of March 1984 and September 1986 the internal price of gold in Colombia was subsidized. During that period gold sales to the Banco de la República (the central bank) reached unprecedented levels. The suspicion that part of this gold arrived from outside the country provoked a controversy. This paper examines the effects of the subsidy on the commercial balance and tries to identify the potential responses of different types of gold production to such price changes, as well as assessing the efficacy of the policy experiment.
La constitución de 1886 como respuesta a la crisis del modelo federal y la confrontación nación-región en Colombia
Authors: Uribe de Hincapie María Teresa , Alvarez Gaviria Jesús María
Published: January 2023

• Resumen: En este artículo, los autores analizan las condiciones históricas de Colombia en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, más propiamente en el período en que tuvo vigencia el Régimen Federal, que se inicia con la Constitución de 1863 y termina con la Constitución de 1886. En el estudio se aborda el análisis del proceso económico interno para mostrar su profundo fraccionamiento y la marcada diferenciación regional, en oposición al modelo generalmente aceptado por la historiografía tradicional, que supone en lo político la existencia de un espacio nacional neutralizado, y en lo económico privilegia la influencia de las condiciones del desarrollo del capitalismo mundial como explicativas del desarrollo del país y de los determinantes de su sujeción a las leyes generales del sistema capitalista. Como una alternativa teórico-metodológica se asume la actividad comercial no solo como una vía de acumulación de capital-dinero sino como un medio de configuración de poder económico y político que unificó los intereses de las élites regionales en torno a un proyecto común. El elemento aglutinante de las particularidades regionales es la actividad especulativa del capital mercantil. De esta manera el Régimen Federal permitió, contradictoriamente, unificar las particularidades regionales que lo sustentaron, e hizo posible así el proyecto centralista de La Regeneración que se concentró en la Constitución de 1886.   • Abstract: The 1886 Constitution as on answer to the Federal Model's crisis and the nation-region confrontation in Colombia. In this article, the authors analyze the historical conditions in Colombia, during the second half of the nineteenth century, particularly the period during which the Federal Regime prevailed beginning with the Constitution in 1883 and concluding with the 1886 Constitution. This paper treats the analysis of the internal economy process in order to show its pronounced division and regional differentiation, as opposed to th
Uso del suelo, ciclo agrícola y unidades productivas en el suroeste de Antioquia, 1912-1935. Aproximación empírica y comparativa
Authors: Samper Kutsbach Mario
Published: January 2023

• Resumen: El trabajo presenta una visión detallada de las características del uso de la tierra y la ocupación de fuerza de trabajo, tanto asalariada como familiar, en diversos tipos de unidades productivas del suroeste antioqueño en el período estudiado. Retoma hipótesis de un estudio anterior sobre la región entre 1850 y 1912 para explicar el impacto de la progresiva especialización caficultora sobre los ciclos de labores agrícolas y sobre la interacción entre productores directos y dueños del capital. Propone algunas posibilidades de análisis comparativo y ciertos referentes de tipo conceptual.   • Abstract: The paper discusses in a detailed form the current characteristics of the land use and labor force, in wage form as well as familiar, within different types of productive unities in the area under examination related to the period. It returns to the hypothesis of a previous study on the Antioquia south west between 1850-1912, in order to explain the impact of the progressive coffee specialization over the agricultural cycles and over the interaction between direct producers and capital owners. It suggests some possibilities of comparative analysis and certain related of conceptual order.
Modelo económica de demanda de energía eléctrica en la industria colombiana
Authors: Botero Jesús , Castaño Elkin , Vélez Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2023

Este artículo busca encontrar los determinantes económicos de la demanda industrial de energía eléctrica en Colombia durante el período 1970-1983. La estimación de las ecuaciones de demanda derivadas de la función translogarítmica de costos muestra la complementariedad o sustituibilidad entre energía y otros insumos de la función de producción industrial. Tras constatar la complementariedad entre energía y capital, se estima la demanda de energía en función del stock de capital de la industria. Para evitar supuestos ad-hoc sobre el capital inicial, se utilizó un modelo especial que deja esta variable como un parámetro de estimación. De otro lado, el comportamiento optimizador de los industriales determina las participaciones relativas de las compras a la red y la autogeneración en los gastos de energía. Este proceso se representa  como un proceso de minimización sujeto a una función de producción CES o Finalmente, con el objeto de mejorar la precisión de los estimadores se aplica el método del Bootstrap.
Espacio, acumulación de capital y urbanización. Una visión no tradicional
Authors: Lotero C. Jorge A.
Published: January 2023

Sobre la problemática de Ia urbanización y la organización espacial se encuentra abundante literatura desarrollada desde diversos enfoques según sea la disciplina aplicada a su interpretación. Así, encontramos análisis sociológicos, ecológicos, económicos, geográficos, etc., sobre la realidad espacial, cada uno de ellos con cierta importancia que, sin embargo, no dejan de poseer vacíos teóricos importantes en su aplicación a Ia interpretación de los fenómenos urbanos en sociedades capitalistas como la nuestra. En este sentido, el presente artículo pretende realizar un somero análisis de Ias diversas interpretaciones sobre Ia cuestión urbana a partir de sus fundamentos de elaboración, poniendo de presente algunas de sus ausencias, para, a partir de éstas, esbozar algunos elementos teóricos y metodológicos que sirvan de marco teórico de interpretación del carácter de los espacios urbanos y su organización en un sistema de ciudades, en formaciones capitalistas.
Chaotic intermittency with non-differentiable M(x) function
Authors: Elaskar Sergio , Del Río Ezequiel , Grioni Mauro
Published: January 2023

One-dimensional maps showing chaotic intermittency with discontinuous reinjection probability density functions are studied. For these maps, the reinjection mechanism possesses two different processes. The M function methodology is applied to analyze the complete reinjection mechanism and to determine the discontinuous reinjection probability density function. In these maps, the function M(x) is continuous and non-differentiable. Theoretical equations are found for the function M(x) and for the reinjection probability density function. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with numerical data finding high accuracy.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL USES OF THE MUSHROOM TRAMESTES VERSICOLOR
Authors: CÓRDOBA M. Ketty A. , RÍOS H. Alicia
Published: January 2023

The use of products obtained from fungi (particularly mushrooms) has increased lately due to their broad applicability in different scientific and industrial fields. The genus Trametes comprises a group of white rot producing ligninolytic fungi, with medicinal properties, biotechnological importance and environmental applications. One of the most potentially useful species is T. versicolor, formerly known as Coriolus versicolor or Polyporus versicolor. Also known as Yun Zhi in China, is a fungus species belonging to the class Basidiomycetes, which has a widespread application as medicinal mushroom, and is also consumed as food and tea infusion. It also produces extracellular enzymes such as laccases, manganese peroxidases, lignin peroxidases and H2O2 producing oxidases. These enzymes are capable of degrading such complex compounds as lignin, as well as certain industrial contaminants. T. versicolor is one of the first higher fungi to be used in the production of an approved medicine. In effect, polysaccharides like Polysaccharide Krestin and Polysaccharide Peptide obtained from the liquid fermentation of its mycelium, exhibit anticarcinogenic properties, and are therefore used for preparing several pharmaceutical products. Both polysaccharides are highly effective in treatments against cancer. The present review addresses certain properties of T. versicolor, as well as its potential applications in different biotechnological fields.
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, EFFECTS AND RISKS
Authors: NARVAEZ John F. , JIMÉNEZ Claudio
Published: January 2023

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products have become an environmental problem in recent years. Their physicochemical properties and persistence in the environment have allowed the distribution of degradates and parent compounds in water, soil, air and food. The widespread use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in hospitals, domestic residences, agricultural and industrial facilities has increased their discharge into the water bodies, and its toxicity has started to manifest in different biological components of ecosystems. The development of methods for sample treatment and instrumental analysis techniques has enabled the separation, identification and quantification of active ingredients and degradates with higher environmental impact, at concentrations of parts per billion or even parts per trillion. In addition, in vitro and in vivo assays have demonstrated their ecotoxicity in water, driving them to the classification of emerging organic pollutants, whose waste is indeterminate. Although their adverse effects are still unknown, they could have strong implications for global public health. This review presents the dynamics and the development of research over the past ten years about the presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, antihypertensives, antibiotics and other drugs in water bodies. Similarly, it described the impact of pharmaceutical activity, hospital services and domestic effluents on water quality.
BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT AND LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Rosmarinus officinalis L. ON SOME FOODBORNE BACTERIA
Authors: CASTAÑO P Hader I. , CIRO G. Gelmy , ZAPATA M. José E. , JIMÉNEZ R. Silvia L.
Published: January 2023

This work evaluated the bactericidal activity and determinated the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) of ethanolic extract and essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves on microorganisms ofinterest in food industry: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei,Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The essential oilshowed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action for both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteriawith MICs between 512 - 4096 ppm. The ethanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity against S.sonnei, S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes with a MIC of 1024 ppm. Nisin was used as positive controland showed a strong growth inhibition of all bacteria tested with MICs between 2 and 1024 ppm. Ourresult shows that preservatives commonly used in the food industry have lower antimicrobial activitythan those found in essential oil from R. officinalis L. leaves.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF SHYNTESIS OF N-ALKYL-NITROIMIDAZOLES.
Authors: SALAMANCA M. Constain , TIZNADO V. William , JARAMILLO G. Paula
Published: January 2023

In this work we realized and experimental and theoretical study of the N-alkylation of nitroimidazoles.The N-alkyl-2-methyl-nitroimidazoles correspond to biologically active molecules, obtained by reactionof 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole and different alkyl halides. This reaction showed the formation of a mixtureof isomeric products in different proportions, denominated like N-alkyl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole andN-alkyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, respectively. The reaction suggestes the formation of a tautomericequilibrium, which generates two nucleophilic sites susceptible to electrophilic attack by the alkyl halide.The local nucleophilic reactivity of the nitroimidazole ring is determined using local reactivity indices suchas the Fukui function and the electrostatic potential, besides the electronic localization function (ELF). TheFukui function was integrated for each atom using partition schemes based on analysis of Mulliken chargesand natural bond orbital (NBO). Finally the reaction profiles were assessed. The results show a minordifference in the local reactivity. Nevertheless a significant difference in energy barriers is observed explainingthe formation of an isomeric product over another. These results agree quite well with the experimental data.
PRO-APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF APPLE PROCYANIDINS IN HUMAN COLON CANCER CELLS AND THEIR DERIVED METASTATIC CELLS
Authors: MALDONADO C. María E. , RAUL Francis
Published: January 2023

Apples are a rich source of Procyanidins (Pcy) which are able to inhibit colon carcinogenesis in animal models, but the mechanisms through which this occurs are not well understood.The evidence obtained in our laboratory and by other researchers, which shows that Pcy trigger apoptosis through different mechanisms in human colon adenocarcinoma SW480 cells and their derived metastatic SW620 cells is reviewed in this paper. In the apoptosis induced by Pcy, the polyamine metabolism is involved, but it is not present in SW480 cells. There is a differential sensitivity of both cells lines to the activation of TRAIL-death receptors. Pcy enhance the sensitivity of SW480 cells to TRAIL by activating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and overcome TRAIL-resistance in SW620 cells involving a cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways; and a Pcy-induced ROS production favoring mitochondria disruption. In addition, Pcy activate Fas receptor in SW480 cells, whereas SW620 cells are Fas-resistant despite the up-regulated Fas expression. Surprisingly, activation of the Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis by Pcy is observed in SW620 cells after inactivation of TRAIL-death receptors, suggesting that Fas-resistant phenotype may be associated with alterations in downstream events between TRAIL-death and Fas receptors. These data highlight the potential interest of apple Pcy in colon cancer prevention and therapy (combination therapy).
IN VITRO INHIBITION OF Bothrops asper VENOM BY ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM Brownea ariza B. (CAESALPINIACEAE).
Authors: MACK-WEN Viviana L. , RICO G. Leidy B. , ALARCON P. Juan C. , PEREAÑEZ J. Jaime A.
Published: January 2023

In Colombia, about 90% of snakebites are caused by Bothrops snakes, whose venoms cause in vivo, local and systemic disturbances, such as edema, myonecrosis, blood-clotting disorders and hemorrhage. Antivenom is the only effective treatment to manage these poisonings, but its limited action at local level and little availability in geographically isolated areas makes necessary the validation and search for therapeutic alternatives acting as an immediate resource to reduce the percent of sequels caused in these snakebites. Recent studies have reported the inhibitory action of the Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) extract against some local effects produced by these snakes. Therefore, in this in vitro research the inhibitory ability of the ethanol extract of leaves and bark from Brownea ariza was evaluated on proteolytic, phospholipase A2 and coagulant activities of B. asper venom, which is related with anticoagulation observed in vivo. The results showed that bark extracts inhibit phospholipase A2 activity (93,2 ± 0,4%), extend the clotting time of plasma (more than 10 minutes) and inhibit the proteolytic activity, although the latter showed lesser effects than those observed with leaves extract (77 ± 0,6% and 93,8 ± 0,6%, respectively).
De coronaboda a zoompleaños
Authors: Martín Cuadrado Carmen
Published: January 2023

Neology can be understood as the creation, adaptation and subsequent diffusion of new lexical units in a language. In spite of being a subject that has been addressed by different authors, the continuous alternations and innovations that occur in the lexicon due to society evolution mean that any proposed study can have a novel scope. In this sense, the main purpose of this article is to addresse the consequences that COVID-19 has had on the Spanish lexicon. To show this, once the neology phenomenon is contextualized (origin, evolution, typology), an analysis of a corpus derived from several national media (e.g., El País, La Vanguardia, Antena 3 Noticias website) will be presented, which will allow us to make conclusions about neologisms.
Post-Traumatic Growth Following the Experience of Interpersonal Violence: The Roles of Perceived Stigma and Social Support
Authors: Wellington Olubukola , Aina-Pelemo Adetutu , Odunubi Onotayo
Published: January 2023

Post-Traumatic Growth is a term that refers to an individual's experience of considerable positive transformation following the occurrence of a traumatic event. This growth may be rapid, gradual, or non-existent, depending on the circumstances (such as social support or societal stigma) to which the victims are subjected during the process. However, the high prevalence of trauma among traumatized victims and the benefits of post-traumatic growth (PTG) discovered in increasing empirical research demonstrate the need of fostering PTG in victims of interpersonal violence. As a result, the current study analysed risk variables for PTG development. The study enrolled 200 women and men recruited through an organization that provides services to trauma victims. The data were gathered via an online survey that included the PTG inventory and an information sheet on demographic, social support, and stigma-related characteristics. Social stigma and support were found to be significant predictors of PTG, with stigma being associated with lower PTG and family and religious support being associated with higher PTG. The limitations and policy implications were highlighted, and recommendations for additional research were presented.
Civil Society Versus Local Self‐Governments and Central Government in V4 Countries: The Case of Co‐Creation
Authors: Plaček Michal , Nemec Juraj , Svidroňová Mária Murray , Mikołajczak Paweł , Kovács Éva
Published: January 2023

In the new EU member states, there are very few studies analyzing the role of central and local self-governments in co-design processes. Nevertheless, such studies are particularly important as co-creation takes place in the context of former post-communist countries where central power reigned supreme and cooperation with the civil sector was very limited. This article aims to enrich the existing debate on the role of central and local self-government in the context of co-creation at the local level—specifically to map the extent to which local and central governments in the Visegrad Four region (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) support local participatory budgeting initiatives as one of the most important forms of co-creation. The findings are very interesting, as each country has its situation and specificities. The (positive but also negative) role of the central state is limited but not invisible, except in the Czech Republic. The relations between civil society (and formal NGOs) and local self-governments are somewhat more similar within the countries studied. At the beginning of participatory budgeting, the civil sector and NGOs served as initiators and local self-governments as followers. However, this position has been steadily shifting towards the dominance of local self-governments and the marginalization of the civil society’s role.
Динамика политического спектра европейских партийных систем (1990-2021)
Authors: Макаренко Борис , Петров Иван
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются причины и характер эволюции партийных систем 25 стран – членов Европейского союза за последние 30 лет. Для этого анализа разработан уникальный индекс измерения партийных программ, позволяющий выстроить классификацию идейно-политических доктрин политических партий в двухмерном пространстве, образованном ортогональными осями – социально-экономической и “культурной” (осью неэкономических ценностей). Основные векторы этой эволюции, рассматриваемой в первом разделе статьи: сдвиг всего партийного спектра влево по социально-экономической оси, возрастание значимости “неэкономической” оси, особенно для правых и популистских партий, утрата “жизненным центром” – правоцентристскими и левоцентристскими мейнстримными партиями – доминирующей роли в партийной политике, подъем популистских партий разного толка, существенная специфика становления и развития партийных систем в посткоммунистических странах. Второй и третий разделы статьи описывают особенности эволюции соответственно лево- и правоцентристских партий, являющихся в большинстве стран ядрами партийных систем. Левоцентристы терпят электоральный урон в конкуренции с разными политическими силами – “новыми левыми”, “зелеными” и популистами разного толка. Правоцентристы находятся в поисках оптимальной стратегии конкуренции с правыми популистами. Авторы заключают, что перемены, произошедшие с партийными системами за последние десятилетия, были вызваны объективными причинами и весьма существенны, но при этом не изменили принципиального характера партийных систем как института представительства общественных интересов в политическом пространстве. Этот вывод относится и к популистским партиям, которые стали полноправной составляющей европейских партийных систем, постепенно сближающейся по программному позиционированию с партийным мейнстримом.
Афганский миграционный кризис и политика США
Authors: Цапенко Ирина
Published: January 2023

В общественной динамике современного турбулентного мира все отчетливее обозначается усиление взаимосвязи миграции и миграционных кризисов, воплощающееся в возникновении большого их числа в разных частях планеты. Несмотря на широкое употребление термина “миграционный кризис”, его содержательное наполнение пока не устоялось и нуждается в уточнении. Автор предлагает трактовать миграционный кризис как многомерный общественный процесс, который вызван мобильностью и иммобильностью населения в анормальных условиях и сопряжен с множественными серьезными вызовами для мигрантов, людей, попавших в ловушку социальных и природных катаклизмов, и более широких социальных слоев, а также систем управления миграцией в странах исхода, транзита и приема. Афганский миграционный кризис – один из наиболее масштабных, продолжительных и острых в мире. Как показывает проводимый в русле кризисного подхода к мобильности анализ перемещений населения внутри этой страны и за ее пределами, указанные характеристики афганского кризиса объясняются структурным форматом, долговременностью действия, взаимным наложением и усилением факторов, порождающих и питающих вынужденные и нескончаемые потоки афганцев, которые нередко носят возвратный, циклический характер. Пример Афганистана свидетельствует об огромной значимости и при этом двойственности роли внешних сил в развитии миграционного кризиса. Не только боевые действия американских войск в Афганистане, но и их вывод оттуда, а также последующие меры администрации Дж. Байдена сказались на обострении и затягивании сложившейся там хронически проблемной ситуации. Хотя первоначально присутствию западной армии сопутствовал всплеск репатриации беженцев, а небольшую часть афганцев, спасавшихся от войны и преследований, США приютили на своей территории, это лишь в небольшой мере способствовало смягчению последствий кризиса, не умаляя общего дестабилизирующего воздействия американской политики на миграционную ситуацию в Афганистане и вокруг него.
INVESTIGATIONS ON MORPHO-ANATOMICAL AND VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF CULTIVATED Fritillaria persica L. (LILIACEAE)
Authors: HAS Merve , KÜÇÜK Sevim , KÜRKÇÜOĞLU Mine , KÜRŞAT Murat
Published: January 2023

In this study, cultivated Fritillaria persica L. (Liliaceae) investigated morpho-anatomical and volatile compounds of bulbs. Purple tepals, 12-28 flowers in inflorescence, yellow-green filaments and dark yellow or purple anthers were notable morphological properties. For the anatomical study, sections were prepared from root, stem and leaf. The cortex of the stem was comprised of parenchyma and sclerenchyma. The collateral vascular bundles were scattered. The leaves were unifacial and amphistomatic. The stomata type was anomocytic. The crushed bulb volatiles of F. persica were trapped by the headspace-solid phase microextraction technique and determined by analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Eight compounds (83.9%) were identified and the major compounds were found as 1,3-dichlorobenzene (60%), limonene (8.1%) and p-cymene (5.1%).
A sensitivity study for n similar partly enclosed with photovoltaic thermal flat plate collectors having series connection
Authors: RATURI Anuj , PATEL Raj Vardhan , SINGH Desh Bandhu
Published: January 2023

A sensitivity study for N similar partly enclosed with photovoltaic thermal flat plate collectors with a series connection (N-PVT-FPCs) has been carried out in this research study. The analysis has been done for a typical day of May, wherein data for the ambient conditions of New Delhi (India) has been received from the India metrological department (IMD), Pune, India. In addition, further computational work has been carried out on the MATLAB programme for the daily heat gain of N-PVT-FPCs. One-at-a-time (OAT) methodology has been used for the sensitivity analysis. From the sensitivity analysis, it has been found that the heat gain from the proposed system is more sensitive with respect to the number of collectors (N) followed by inclination angle, mass flow rate (MFR) and packing factor (PF). The sensitivity figure has been found to be 0.08, 0.17, 0.25 and 0.94 for daily heat gain of N-PVT-FPCs with respect to PF, MFR, inclination angle and N, respectively.