bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of message content in the formation of employee voice
Authors: Köllner Bianca , Ruhle Sascha , Süß Stefan
Published: September 2018

Research on employee voice has highlighted the different nature of promotive and prohibitive voice. However, only few studies have explicitly analysed the implications of this distinction for showing voice. Therefore, to enhance our knowledge regarding the formation of employee voice, our article focuses on the moderating role of the message content. In a scenario-based study, we show that employees’ decision to speak up might differ depending on what the message is about. In addition, we found evidence that some effects might be the same for both promotive and prohibitive voice, indicating that the distinction between both types of message content might be more complex than research currently assumes. The findings underline the need for more comparative research on the different natures of promotive and prohibitive voice.
Quantitative Raman calibration of sulfate-bearing polymineralic mixtures: a S quantification in sedimentary rocks on Mars
Authors: Larre Chloé , Morizet Yann , Guillot-Deudon Catherine , Baron Fabien , Mangold Nicolas
Published: September 2018

The NASA 2020 Mars mission is a Curiosity-type rover whose objective is to improve the knowledge of the geological and climatic evolution of Mars and to collect rock samples for return to Earth. The new rover has a payload of seven instruments including the SuperCam instrument which consists of four tools including a Raman spectrometer. This Raman device will be non-destructive and will analyse the surface remotely in order to determine the mineralogy of rocks and, by extent, to detect and quantify major elements such as sulfur. Sulfur has been detected as sulfate (Ca,Mg,Fe-sulfates) in sedimentary rocks. This element is difficult to quantify using the laser ablation tool of the ChemCam instrument on-board the Curiosity rover.

We propose a Raman calibration to constrain the sulfur abundance in polymineralic mixtures. We acquired Raman signatures on binary and ternary mechanical mixtures containing Ca and Mg sulfates, mixed with natural silicate minerals supposed to be relevant to basaltic-sedimentary rocks at the surface of Mars: olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Using the Voigt function to process the Raman spectra from samples extracted from our mixtures allows us to calculate the initial proportions of our preparations of Ca and Mg sulfates. From these simulations, calibration equations have been provided allowing us to determine sulfate proportions (CaSO4and MgSO4) in a mixture with basaltic minerals. With the presented calibration, S can be quantified at a lower limit of 0.7 wt.% in Martian soil.
Gem amphiboles from Mogok, Myanmar: crystal-structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy and short-range order–disorder in gem pargasite and fluoro-pargasite
Authors: Day Maxwell C. , Hawthorne Frank C. , Susta Umberto , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Harlow George E.
Published: September 2018

The crystal structures of six gem-quality pargasites and fluoro-pargasites from Mogok, Myanmar, space group C2/m, Z = 2, have been refined to R1 indices of 2.20–2.90% using MoKα X-radiation. The unit formulae were calculated from the results of electron-microprobe analysis, and were used with the refined site-scattering values and the observed mean bond lengths to assign site populations. TAl occurs at both the T(1) and T(2) sites but is strongly ordered at T(1). [6]Al is partly disordered over the M(2) and M(3) sites but does not occur at the M(1) site. ANa is split between the A(2) and A(m) sites and K occurs at the A(m) site. The infrared spectra in the principal OH-stretching region were measured and the fine structure was fit to component bands. The component bands were assigned to short-range ion arrangements over the configuration symbol M(1)M(1)M(3)–O(3)–A–O(3):T(1)T(1) using the refined site-populations and the expected frequencies from previously assigned spectra in more simple amphibole compositions, and correspond to the local arrangements: (1) MgMgMg–OH–Na–OH:SiAl; (2) MgMgMg–OH–Na–F:SiAl; (3) MgMgAl–OH–Na–OH:SiAl and (4) MgMgAl–OH–Na–F:SiAl.
A phase 1 trial evaluating thioridazine in combination with cytarabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Aslostovar Lili , Boyd Allison L. , Almakadi Mohammed , Collins Tony J. , Leong Darryl P. , Tirona Rommel G. , Kim Richard B. , Julian Jim A. , Xenocostas Anargyros , Leber Brian , Levine Mark N. , Foley Ronan , Bhatia Mickie
Published: September 2018

Key Points

Intermediate-dose cytarabine can be safely combined with TDZ at 50 mg every 6 hours in older patients with relapsed or refractory AML. A 5-day monotherapy with TDZ led to reduced blast counts in 5 out of 11 patients and was associated with patient-specific DRD2 level.
Elevated ecto-5′-nucleotidase: a missing pathogenic factor and new therapeutic target for sickle cell disease
Authors: Liu Hong , Adebiyi Morayo , Liu Rong Rong , Song Anren , Manalo Jeanne , Wen Yuan Edward , Wen Alexander Q. , Weng Tingting , Ko Junsuk , Idowu Modupe , Kellems Rodney E. , Eltzschig Holger K. , Blackburn Michael R. , Juneja Harinder S. , Xia Yang
Published: September 2018

Key Points

CD73-mediated adenosine production contributes to SCD pathogenesis by promoting erythrocyte 2,3-BPG production and sickling. Specific inhibition of CD73 significantly attenuates disease severity of SCD mice and provides a novel therapeutic strategy to treat SCD.
CXCR5 and ICOS expression identifies a CD8 T-cell subset with TFH features in Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Le Kieu-Suong , Amé-Thomas Patricia , Tarte Karin , Gondois-Rey Françoise , Granjeaud Samuel , Orlanducci Florence , Foucher Etienne D. , Broussais Florence , Bouabdallah Reda , Fest Thierry , Leroux Dominique , Yadavilli Sapna , Mayes Patrick A. , Xerri Luc , Olive Daniel
Published: September 2018

Key Points

A subset of CD8 T cells in some Hodgkin lymphomas shares phenotypic and functional features with CD4 TFH cells.
Outcomes of patients who developed subsequent solid cancer after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Inamoto Yoshihiro , Matsuda Tomohiro , Tabuchi Ken , Kurosawa Saiko , Nakasone Hideki , Nishimori Hisakazu , Yamasaki Satoshi , Doki Noriko , Iwato Koji , Mori Takehiko , Takahashi Satoshi , Yabe Hiromasa , Kohno Akio , Nakamae Hirohisa , Sakura Toru , Hashimoto Hisako , Sugita Junichi , Ago Hiroatsu , Fukuda Takahiro , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yamashita Takuya
Published: September 2018

Key Points

Subsequent solid cancers after HCT occurred at younger ages than primary cancers and accounted for most common causes of deaths. Subsequent solid cancers after HCT showed similar or worse survival compared with primary cancers in the general population.
Hematopoietic cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: conditioning regimen intensity
Authors: Eapen Mary , Brazauskas Ruta , Hemmer Michael , Perez Waleska S. , Steinert Patricia , Horowitz Mary M. , Deeg H. Joachim
Published: September 2018

Key Points

Bu4/Cy, Flu/Bu4, and Flu/Mel are optimal regimens for patients with AML in clinical remission or those with MDS. Flu/Mel, considered a less-intense regimen, is ideal for less fit patients.
Computational modeling and confirmation of leukemia-associated minor histocompatibility antigens
Authors: Lansford Jefferson L. , Dharmasiri Udara , Chai Shengjie , Hunsucker Sally A. , Bortone Dante S. , Keating James E. , Schlup Ian M. , Glish Gary L. , Collins Edward J. , Alatrash Gheath , Molldrem Jeffrey J. , Armistead Paul M. , Vincent Benjamin G.
Published: September 2018

Key Points

Tissue-specific minor histocompatibility antigens can be predicted through computational analysis of donor and recipient genotyping data. Targeted mass spectrometry and tetramer analysis confirmed a computationally predicted, public leukemia antigen derived from GRK4.
Retraction Note: Purified umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Phillips Christopher D. , Wongsaisri Pornpatcharin , Htut Thein , Grossman Terry
Published: September 2018

The Editor‐in‐Chief is retracting this article because the authors have not obtained consent to publish from the patient whose details are described in this case report. The article has been removed to protect the patient's privacy. Terry Grossman has stated that he was not an author on this article. Christopher Phillips, Pornpatcharin Wongsaisri and Thein Htut did not reply to correspondence about this retraction.
Long-Term Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Madenci Arin L. , Weil Brent R. , Liu Qi , Murphy Andrew J. , Gibson Todd M. , Yasui Yutaka , Leisenring Wendy M. , Howell Rebecca M. , Tinkle Christopher L. , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Diller Lisa R. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Weldon Christopher B.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To estimate the incidence of late-occurring venous thromboembolism (VTE) among survivors of childhood cancer and to identify risk factors for VTE to facilitate diagnosis and prevention.

Methods

The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a multi-institutional cohort of 24,355 5-year childhood cancer survivors (diagnosed between 1970 and 1999; median age at last follow-up, 28.7 years [range, 5.6 to 58.9 years]; median follow-up since diagnosis, 21.3 years [range, 5.0 to 39.2 years]) and 5,051 sibling participants. The primary end point was self-reported late (≥ 5 years after cancer diagnosis) VTE. Rate ratios (RRs) were estimated with multivariable piecewise exponential models.

Results

Late VTE incidence among survivors and siblings was 1.1 and 0.5 events per 1,000 person-years, respectively (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.8), with 2.5 excess events per 100 survivors over 35 years. Among survivors, risk factors for VTE were female sex (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6), cisplatin (reference none; 1 to 199 mg/m2: RR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.4 to 6.5]; 200 to 399 mg/m2: RR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.0 to 3.6]; ≥ 400 mg/m2: RR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2 to 3.3]), l-asparaginase (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.7), obesity or underweight (reference body mass index [BMI] 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2; BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2: RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0]; BMI < 18.5 kg/m2: RR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.7 to 3.4]), and late cancer recurrence or subsequent malignant neoplasm (RR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.6 to 5.8). Among lower-extremity osteosarcoma survivors, limb salvage (reference amputation; RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.5) and cisplatin 200 to 399 or ≥ 400 mg/m2 (reference none; RR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.1 to 14.6] and 2.9 [95% CI, 1.1 to 8.0], respectively) were independently associated with late VTE. VTE was associated with increased risk for nonexternal cause late mortality (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.3).

Conclusion

Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for VTE across their lifespan and a diagnosis of VTE increases mortality risk. Interventions that target potentially modifiable comorbidities, such as obesity, warrant consideration, with prophylaxis for high-risk survivors, including those treated with cisplatin and limb-sparing approaches.
Clonal analysis reveals laminar fate multipotency and daughter cell apoptosis of mouse cortical intermediate progenitors
Authors: Mihalas Anca B. , Hevner Robert F.
Published: September 2018

In developing cerebral cortex, most pyramidal-projection neurons are produced by intermediate progenitors (IPs), derived in turn from radial glial progenitors. Although IPs produce neurons for all cortical layers, it is unknown whether individual IPs produce multiple or single laminar fates, and the potential of IPs for extended proliferation remains uncertain. Previously, we found that, at the population level, early IPs (present during lower-layer neurogenesis) produce lower- and upper-layer neurons, whereas late IPs produce upper-layer neurons only. Here, we employed mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) in mice to sparsely label early IP clones. Most early IPs produced 1-2 neurons for deep layers only. Less frequently, early IPs produced larger clones (up to 12 neurons) spanning lower and upper layers, or upper layers only. The majority of IP-derived clones (∼66%) were associated with asymmetric cell death after the first division. These data demonstrate that laminar fate is not predetermined, at least in some IPs. Rather, the heterogeneous sizes and laminar fates of early IP clones are correlated with cell division/death/differentiation choices and neuron birthdays, respectively.
Effect of various organic acid supplementation diets on Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822: Evaluation of growth, survival and feed utilization
Authors: Asriqah Lia , Nugroho Rudy Agung , Aryani Retno
Published: September 2018

Background: The purpose of the current study was to determine the growth status, survival and feed utilization of catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822) fed various organic acid supplementations.

Methods: In total, 1600 fish were randomly distributed into 20 tanks and fed different types of diet: A, control diet without organic acid supplementation; B, control diet supplemented with 0.05% formic, acetic, and propionic acid; C, control diet supplemented with 0.1% formic, acetic, and propionic acid; D, control diet supplemented with 0.05% butyric acid; E, control diet supplemented with 0.01% butyric acid. The control diet was a commercial diet, containing 35% crude protein, 8.58% crude fat, and 2.75% fibre. All fish were fed using a satiation method, three times per day for 56 days. At the end of the trial, growth, survival and feed utilization were determined. Water quality parameters during the trial were also measured once a week.

Results: Fish fed diet type D had the significantly lowest (P<0.05) final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) of all diets. Similar FW, WG, and SGR were found for fish fed diets A-C and E. Meanwhile, the feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and survival rate of fish were not affected by any types of diet. The water quality parameters were not significantly different between tanks and weeks: dissolved oxygen 6.79-6.81 mg L-1, pH 7.11-7.19, water temperature 28.97-29.32°C, nitrite (NO2) content 0.48- 0.50 mg L-1, and ammonia (NH3) content 0.064-0.066 mg L-1.

Conclusion: The supplementation of 0.05% butyric acid in the diet of C. gariepinus for 56 days reduced the growth performance of the fish. However, supplementation of an organic acid in the diet of C. gariepinus had no impact on feed utilization, survival, and water quality parameters.
Uniform Turnpike Theorems for Finite Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Lewis Mark E. , Paul Anand
Published: September 2018

A turnpike integer is the smallest finite horizon for which an optimal infinite horizon decision is the optimal initial decision. An important practical question considered in the literature is how to bound the turnpike integer using only the problem inputs. In this paper, we consider turnpike integers as a function of the discount factor. While a turnpike integer is finite for any fixed discount factor, we show that it approaches infinity in the neighborhood of a specific set of discount rates (for all but some exceptional finite Markov decision processes). We completely characterize this taboo set of discount factors and find necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of turnpike integers to be unbounded. This finding provides a cautionary tale for practitioners using point estimates of the discount factor to manage the length of rolling horizons by pointing to potential singularities in the procedure.
Português como segunda língua/língua não materna: relatos de imigrantes bolivianos
Authors: Silva Sidney De Souza
Published: September 2018

Neste estudo, focalizamos a percepção de imigrantes bolivianos sobre como adquiriram a língua portuguesa em situação de imersão por questões laborais na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Muitos afirmam que a oferta exígua de programas de ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira os leva a adquirir o português no dia a dia em seu contato direto com outros falantes de português, isto é, como resultado das necessidades de usar esta língua em suas vivências cotidianas. Os dados aqui apresentados fazem parte de uma pesquisa maior desenvolvida segundo os princípios da etnografia, que têm como objetivo compreender como a língua portuguesa, neste caso não materna, foi se tornando parte da vida cotidiana de cada um dos imigrantes aqui focalizados.
PROGRAMA DE LEITORADO DO BRASIL: DISCUSSÕES SOBRE O PERFIL PROFISSIONAL DO LEITOR
Authors: Oliveira Leilane Morais
Published: September 2018

Localizado no âmbito dos estudos relativos às políticas linguísticas externas (CALVET, 2007), este artigo se propõe a apresentar uma análise do perfil profissional, em termos de formação acadêmica, de sujeitos que atuaram junto ao Programa de Leitorado do Brasil entre 2010 e 2014. Para isso, dados inéditos, recolhidos mediante pesquisa documental no Arquivo Nacional do Palácio do Itamaraty, são apresentados e discutidos. Informações obtidas, pela aplicação de questionário aos leitores estudados e por entrevista realizada com o antigo ministro-diretor do Departamento Cultural do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, também fazem parte da problematização e permitem relacionar a formação dos leitores a uma discussão mais ampla sobre a profissionalização do docente de línguas no Brasil. A partir disso, o estudo também menciona a baixa oferta de licenciaturas na área de Letras/Ensino de Português para Falantes de Outras Línguas (PFOL) e a não exigência, por parte da Capes e do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, de uma formação específica em Letras para candidatura ao Programa de Leitorado, o que permite enfatizar, com vistas ao andamento futuro desse planejamento linguístico, que os leitores devem ser professores/profissionais formados na área de línguas.
Assessment of indigenous tree species conservation in subsistence agricultural production systems: A case study of Lari Sub-county, Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: WAWIRA KAMAU MARYGORETTI , THENYA THUITA
Published: September 2018

Wawira KM, Thenya T. 2017. Assessment of indigenous tree species conservation in subsistence agricultural production systems: A case study of Lari Sub-county, Kiambu County, Kenya. Asian J For 1: 55-63. Conservation of indigenous trees is important because they regulate nutrients, build organic matter of topsoil, fix nitrogen and create habitat for beneficial soil micro-organisms. Subsistence agriculture is characteristic land use feature in Kenya especially in the humid and sub-humid regions. Often indigenous trees are cleared to pave way for farming and replaced with exotic trees. The results showed that various indigenous tree species were retained on-farm including species like Acacia abyssinica, Olea europaena, Ficus thonningii, Brachylaena hutchinsii, Allophylus abyssinicus, Vitex keniensis and Prunus africana. The remnants of indigenous trees were scattered on farm with 57.4% along the boundary, 38.9% around the homestead 2.6% inside the farm and on riverine areas 1.1%. Soil conservation, timber, and fuel wood, were given as the main reasons for conserving indigenous tree species on the farm. While the main reason for planting exotic on farm includes economic purposes like income, fuel wood and decreased land sizes, according to 60% of respondents. Overall the findings indicate significant decrease of indigenous trees conservation on farm due to longer maturity span compared to exotic trees. There is need to promote alternative uses of indigenous trees as well as reinforce the 10% tree cover to include that 2% of the latter should be indigenous in nature.
Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India
Authors: ANBARASHAN M. , PADMAVATHY A. , ALEXANDAR R.
Published: September 2018

Anbarashan M, Padmavathy A, Alexandar R. 2017. Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India. Asian J For 1: 70-76. There exists very little information on the growth of autochthonous tree species autochthonousin the tropics and on the experiences in conducting mono and mixed species plantations. The aim of this study was to compare the variation in growth parameter between the mixed species plantation and mono species plantation. The growth, survival, and height of 82 autochthonous mixed species plantations were compared with Casuarina equisetifolia, an exotic species broadly planted in this region after over a decade (2006 to 2016). In the mixed species plantation, seven species showed 100 % survival rate and 19 species were not survived after 10-year intervals. In the mono species plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia had 92 % of the survival rate. When it is compared to the mono plantation, the growth rate of mixed species plantation showed highly significant differences (P < 0: 05) values. Simple linear regression between annual girth increment and height produced very strong positive relations (R2 0.759). Plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia seem to be well adapted to the coastal region. On the other hand, mixed plantation with autochthonous species would contribute more to sustainable management because they provide a greater range of ecological goods and ecosystem services than the single species plantations.
Nutrient distribution on soil and aboveground biomass of Macaranga gigantea five years after planting
Authors: SUSANTO DWI , KUSUMA RATNA , AMIRTA RUDIANTO
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Susanto D, Kusuma R, Amirta R. 2018. Nutrient distribution on soil and aboveground biomass of Macaranga gigantea five years after planting. Asian J For 2: 12-19. The aims of this study were to evaluate growth of M. gigantea and to calculate nutrient distribution in the soil and 5-year-old M. gigantea. Soil sampling was conducted in all research plots with drill ground at a depth of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. The tree biomass was sampled within one stand to calculate the biomass of all the trees within a particular plot. The research findings revealed that plot 5 produces the best growth performance and the plant accumulates 2 times of N, P, K, Ca, Mg nutrients on wood, bark, branches, and leaves, compared to the plants in plots 1. The most distributed nutrients in the soil were magnesium, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Whereas the most accumulated nutrient in plant was potassium. The relative portion of K nutrients accumulates in the soil is quite small that is 44.18% but in stand was higher that is between 55.82%. It concluded that if the M. gigantea harvested at 5 years, it needs to give attention to potassium nutrient for the next of planting cycles.
Effect of symbiotic association of rhizobia and endomycorrhizae from Moroccan arid littoral dunes on Acacia cyanophylla tolerance to drought
Authors: HATIMI ABDELHAKIM , TAHROUCH SAIDIA , BOUIZGARNE BRAHIM
Published: September 2018

Hatimi A, Tahrouch S, Bouizgarne B. 2018. Effect of symbiotic association of rhizobia and endomycorrhizae from Moroccan arid littoral dunes on Acacia cyanophylla tolerance to drought. Asian J For 2: 39-45. The research on behavior of A. cyanophylla Lindl plants associated with a symbiotic indigenous endomycorrhizal fungi M, and three rhizobia isolates: two low growing isolate R1 (Bradyrhizobium sp. RCM6), and R2 (Bradyrhizobium sp. RLC3) and a fast-growing isolates R3 (Rhizobium sp. S21), originated from coastal dunes of the Souss-Massa region in drought stress conditions, was investigated in greenhouse. Results have clearly shown that the growth and nutrition of seedlings of A. cyanophylla were drastically affected after two months in drought stress conditions. However, inoculation of the symbiotic microorganisms either alone (treatments M, RMC6, R2 or R3) or as inoculums consisting of combination of the rhizobia with the endomycorrhiza (treatments MR1, MR2 or MR3) resulted in enhanced tolerance of A. cyanophylla seedlings to drought stress. At 100% of field capacity (fc), all treatments showed a significant improvement of plant growth compared to non-inoculated plants in stress conditions. In addition, we have shown that Bradyrhizobium RCM6 (R1) holds a high efficiency to improve the growth and nutrition of the host plant. Indeed, higher number of nodules/plant and higher amount of total nitrogen were recorded in the seedlings inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. RCM6 in comparison with plants inoculated with the two other rhizobia Bradyrhizobium sp. RLC3 (R2) and Rhizobium sp. S21 (R3), and control plants. Dual inoculation with each of the three rhizobia and the endomycorrhizal complex (M) led to higher water content (W.C) and relative water content (RWC) and a significant increase in Phosphorus content of the aerial part. While positive effects were recorded for Phosphorus, no such effects were recorded for nitrogen. However, the overall results showed the importance of the use of microorganisms in the dune coastal environment particularly adequate tripartite association: rhizobia Endomycorrhizes-A. cyanophylla in enhancing tolerance to drought stress.
Which Way Forward: Marx's Theory or Sraffa's Theory? A Reply to Laibman
Authors: Fred Moseley
Published: September 2018

This article is a response to David Laibman's review essay, in this journal, on my recent book Money and Totality: A Macro-Monetary Interpretation of Marx's Logic in Capital and the End of the “Transformation Problem.” Laibman argues that Marx's theory is logically incoherent (the well-known “transformation problem”) and that Sraffa's theory is the only coherent theory of prices and income distribution, and therefore the “way forward” for critical economists is Sraffa's theory. I argue, to the contrary (in my book and in this article), that Marx's theory, correctly understood, is logically coherent (no transformation problem) and that Marx's theory has much greater explanatory power than Sraffa's theory, and therefore the “way forward” for critical economists continues to be Marx's theory.
Upscaling Agroecology: A Marxist Political Economy Approach to the “Feed the World” Debate
Authors: Zhaochang Peng
Published: September 2018

Since the outbreak of the 2007–2008 global food crisis, the two models of industrial agriculture and agroecology have been involved in a heated debate about how to feed the world. Despite their sharp differences on the choice of agricultural technology and preferred policy priorities, both sides exhibit a narrow understanding of the relationship between technology and social institution. A Marxist political economy approach, based on the insights of classic Marxist theorists into agricultural technologies in alternative institutional contexts, is developed to look beyond the two sides of the debate. Upon careful examination of agroecology as an ecological sublation of industrial agriculture and of conscious social control of production as an institutional sublation of capitalism, this article concludes that socialism is more suitable than small peasant economy for achieving the twin goals of fully scaling up agroecology and promoting socioeconomic equality for small peasants.
The Political Economy of India's Postplanning Economic Reform: A Critical Review
Authors: Kalim Siddiqui
Published: September 2018

A quarter of a century has passed since neoliberal economic policies were first adopted in India in 1991, and it is timely to review their outcome. The study is important because there currently seems to be a gap in the literature since most published research has highlighted India's overall GDP growth rates. In the postplanning reform period, India reduced the role of the state and public sector and dismantled controls, while increasing the role of the market and private sector within the economy. As a result, foreign capital investment and foreign exchange reserves improved. The study intends to examine what happened to the industrial sector after neoliberalism was adopted. This article primarily focuses on the discourse about neoliberal economic policy and its effects on Indian economy, especially, in the context of sectoral change. The article centres on a critical review of the available literature and a contribution to the substantive topics indicated in the title. The study contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the industrial and the agricultural sector, which has been neglected by the mainstream economists who have focused largely on growth rates.
A Long History of Wall Street Bailouts and How Puerto Rico Will Not Be Different
Authors: Mayra Velez-Serrano
Published: September 2018

Even though in 2012, publications such as Morningstar were advising investors to “Watch Out for Puerto Rico,” and pundits were commenting about a very likely default, by 2013 and 2014, Wall Street was frenetically buying up Puerto Rican bonds. Wall Street incurred in a risky behavior that is comparable with what happened during the 1980s Latin America crisis, the 1997 Asian crisis, the 1998 Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) crisis, and the 2008 mortgage subprime crisis. By giving a brief overview of a series of economic crises around the world caused by speculation and risky lending, this article shows that the case of Puerto Rico, a nonincorporated territory of the United States of America, mirrors the same patterns of financialization of the economy and risky lending. It suggests that Wall Street bought these speculative-level bonds since this type of behavior has always been compensated by a bailout either through the US Treasury or an International Financial Institution (IFI), thus posing a moral hazard problem. The main argument of this article is that Wall Street and other bondholders will try to get their risky loans paid by the Government of Puerto Rico by forcing austerity measures, and when this inevitably fails, they will turn to the Treasury of United States to recover their money. It concludes with the question on how long the Island will have to suffer through the wave of higher taxes and cuts on social services before Washington bails them out.
Cortical bone quality affectations and their strength impact analysis using holographic interferometry
Authors: Tavera Ruiz Cesar G. , De La Torre-Ibarra Manuel H. , Flores-Moreno J. M. , Frausto-Reyes Claudio , Mendoza Santoyo Fernando
Published: September 2018

It is now accepted that bone strength is a complex property determined mainly by three factors: quantity, quality and turnover of the bone itself. Most of the patients who experience fractures due to fragility could never develop affectations related to bone mass density (i.e. osteoporosis). In this work, the effect of secondary bone strength affectations are analyzed by simulating the degradation of one or more principal components (organic and inorganic) while they are inspected with a nondestructive optical technique. From the results obtained, a strong correlation among the hydroxyapatite, collagen and water is found that determines the bone strength.
Comparing Ethnicity-Specific Reference Intervals for Clinical Laboratory Tests from EHR Data
Authors: Rappoport Nadav , Paik Hyojung , Oskotsky Boris , Tor Ruth , Ziv Elad , Zaitlen Noah , Butte Atul J
Published: September 2018

Background

The results of clinical laboratory tests are an essential component of medical decision-making. To guide interpretation, test results are returned with reference intervals defined by the range in which the central 95% of values occur in healthy individuals. Clinical laboratories often set their own reference intervals to accommodate variation in local population and instrumentation. For some tests, reference intervals change as a function of sex, age, and self-identified race and ethnicity.

Methods

In this work, we develop a novel approach, which leverages electronic health record data, to identify healthy individuals and tests for differences in laboratory test values between populations.

Results

We found that the distributions of >50% of laboratory tests with currently fixed reference intervals differ among self-identified racial and ethnic groups (SIREs) in healthy individuals.

Conclusions

Our results confirm the known SIRE-specific differences in creatinine and suggest that more research needs to be done to determine the clinical implications of using one-size-fits-all reference intervals for other tests with SIRE-specific distributions.
Marcas de identidad, atributos sociales deseables y fenotipos compartidos. Un análisis a partir de la donación de gametos en Uruguay
Authors: Viera Cherro Mariana
Published: September 2018

La gestión de gametos —óvulos y esperma— de donación para tratamientos de reproducción humana asistida involucra la captación de personas dispuestas a dar parte de su biología o fertilidad, una selección para definir quiénes ingresan efectivamente en el proceso de donación, el desarrollo de un “trabajo clínico” orientado a la producción de ese material reproductivo y, finalmente, la distribución los gametos entre personas o parejas receptoras. El proceso de selección que define quiénes ingresan efectivamente como donantes implica una valoración de la persona y de los gametos que puede aportar. Se ponen en juego en esta valoración atributos concebidos de modos diversos —capacidad reproductiva, características fenotípicas, características étnico-raciales, atributos genéticos, intelectuales, entre otros—, que hablan de la lectura que la sociedad hace del material biológico y de lo que se considera valorable para la reproducción de la sociedad en su conjunto y para el establecimiento de una relación filial específica. En este artículo analizo cómo se definen estos atributos y cuáles se privilegian al momento de gestionar la reproducción social y la producción de una relación social filial específica. No se trata de analizar la gestión de material reproductivo de donación para tecnologías de reproducción humana asistida en sí misma, sino como vía para entender cómo la sociedad uruguaya concibe las relaciones entre biología, identidad, filiación y reproducción.
Las nuevas tecnologías reproductivas, la vieja paternidad
Authors: Stolcke Verena
Published: September 2018

El artículo realiza un recorrido por la historia de la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías reproductivas en humanos (nTR), destacando la simultaneidad entre el desarrollo de estas técnicas en los países del norte preocupados por la baja fecundidad y las campañas de control de la natalidad por medio de esterilizaciones involuntarias en el sur pobre. Recoge también debates contemporáneos a la redacción de la primera ley de reproducción asistida española en 1988. Muestra que el proyecto eugenésico acompaña el desarrollo de las nTR y las implicaciones de clase, de raza y, muy especialmente, de género que tiene su desarrollo y aplicación en un contexto de “naturalización” o de “genetización” de la identidad social. A pesar de que, aparentemente, la fecundación por donantes y el nacimiento por fecundación in vitro perturban los cimientos de nociones occidentales de familia, maternidad y paternidad, lo cierto es que en su origen y aplicación estas técnicas buscan aliviar la infertilidad por medio de procurar hijos biológicamente vinculados y fenotípicamente cercanos a sus padres, reforzando la idea bio-genética de la identidad y la filiación.
Muñecas como yo: volver a pensar las muñecas
Authors: Lage de la Rosa Marta , Pérez Camarero Pilar
Published: September 2018

La muñeca es perfecta para el juego simbólico, pero si crecemos con la idea de que los modelos que nos presentan las empresas jugueteras son equivalentes a un ser humano real, estamos construyendo un imaginario falso, limitante y nocivo para la salud física y psíquica. Aquí proponemos un plan de intervención que nos haga conscientes de las iconografías de las muñecas para jugar y de nuestro poder creativo y transformador en relación a los modelos que consumimos.
Topping Phenomenon with Recurrent Spinal Stenosis and Epidural Fibrosis Prevented with Oxidized Cellulose – a Case Report
Authors: Hart Radek
Published: September 2018

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a condition where the neural structures are compressed in the narrowed spinal canal and often situated only within a single specific segment of the spine, most frequently in the lumbar spine. A case report demonstrates a surgical solution of lumbar spinal stenosis with using oxidized cellulose as a prevention of post-operative adhesions and failed back syndrome. A female patient (68) with a significant pain of the lumbar spine lasting for a number of months due to advanced spondylosis, failing to respond to conservative treatment underwent instrumented, posterolateral fusion of affected segments. The patient re-arrived with pain due to spinal stenosis in another segments after 4 and then after 3 years. We repeatedly performed spinal fusion of the affected segments and applied an antiadhesive gel to the dural sac and the decompressed nerve roots to prevent the development of post-operative adhesions and the “failed back syndrome”. Last surgical solution included mobilisation of the simultaneously constricted dural sac through laminectomy. This time we covered the sac using a haemostat made of oxidized cellulose (Traumacel FAM). After this treatment, the patient was again without significant difficulties.
Expression profiles of proto-oncogene TWIST1 and tumor metastasis suppressor gene LASS2 in bladder cancer
Authors: Yegin Zeynep , Aydin Oguz , Koc Haydar , Buyukalpelli Recep
Published: September 2018

Transcription factor proto-oncogene TWIST1 and tumor metastasis suppressor gene LASS2 have been reported to be involved in various carcinomas but their expression profiles and prognostic significances in bladder cancer are largely unknown. We aimed to determine these genes' expression levels both at mRNA and protein level in bladder cancer. mRNA expression levels of TWIST1 and LASS2 genes were examined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in human bladder tumors and paired normal adjacent tissues obtained from 44 patients. Protein expression profiles of both genes were detected by immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from the same patients. The expression profiles of TWIST1 mRNA in bladder tumors were significantly lower than the normal adjacent tissues and linked to both the stage and the grade. The expression profiles of LASS2 mRNA in bladder tumors were also significantly lower than the normal adjacent tissues reflecting the potential tumor suppressor profile of the gene, independently from stage or grade. By immunohistochemistry, TWIST1 and LASS2 positive expression rates were found as 14.3% (6/42) and 38.1% (16/42), respectively. As potential molecular markers for bladder carcinoma, both TWIST1 and LASS2 transcripts seem to play role during the tumorigenesis and development of bladder cancer. Lack of a functional link and/or weak inverse link between TWIST1 and LASS2 transcripts and immunohistochemical findings may reflect the potential associations of transcription regulation mechanisms and merit further investigations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the combined expression profile of TWIST1 and LASS2 in bladder cancer both at mRNA and protein level.
Effect of GDF11 on proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Gu Biao , Wang Qi , Dai Weijie , Ma Gang , Song Yaqi , Wu Qingquan
Published: September 2018

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) on the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. Serum levels of GDF11 in esophageal cancer patients were determined with ELISA kits, and the correlation between serum GDF11 and pathological features of esophageal cancer were determined. The effect of recombinant GDF11 on the growth of esophageal cancer cells was measured by CCK6 method. In order to investigate the effect of recombinant GDF11 on the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells, the expression of apoptosis-promoting protein Bax and proliferative-associated protein Bcl-2 in esophageal cancer cells were determined using western blot. Moreover, GDF11 was used to treat esophageal cancer cells, and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis was determined with MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The serum content of GDF11 was much less in esophageal cancer patients than in the control group. Esophageal GDF II in cancer patients was correlated with cancer differentiation: the higher the degree of differentiation, the higher the content of GDF11. GDF11 inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells.
Contrast enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Su Qichen , Sun Zhen , Lv Guorong
Published: September 2018

The present study was aimed to compare application of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC) and endometrial hyperplasia (EH). A total of 81 patients with EC and simple EH were selected in this study. Among all patients, 39 cases were diagnosed as EC and 42 cases were diagnosed with EH. All patients were diagnosed by CEUS examination. The diagnosis of EC and EH was also confirmed by endometrial biopsy. CEUS was conducted for all patients. Eendometrial thickness was measured and the mean arrival time, time-to-peak, enhancement time, arrival intensity, peak intensity, enhancement intensity, rising rate, washout half-time and clearance half-time were recorded. Myometrial invasion was categorized into 2 stages <50% and >50%. No significant difference was observed in clinical basis between the two groups. Endometrial thickness of EC was significantly higher than that of EH, P<0.05. Results of CEUS parameters showed that in EC patients, all values of arrival time, time-to-peak, washout half-time and clearance half-time were all shorter in EC group compared with those in EH patients, P<0.05. And values of peak intensity, enhancement intensity, and rising rate were also lower in EC patients than those in EH patients, P<0.05. Diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in myometrial invasion for EC was shown showed that 26 of 30 cases were diagnosed as myometrial invasion <50% by CEUS and 7 of 9 cases were diagnosed as myometrial invasion >50%. The total diagnostic accuracy of CEUS is 82.62% (33/39). We conducted a comparison study to analyze different diagnostic effects of CEUS for EC and EH. The study may give more clinical basic data in the field of CEUS application in diagnosis of EC and can give a reference to the difference between EC and EH.
Determination of inhibitory activities of enzymes, related to Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus of plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) extracts and their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities
Authors: Ucar Esra , Eruygur Nuraniye , Atas Mehmet , Ergul Merve , Ergul Mustafa , Sozmen Fazli
Published: September 2018

Plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) leaves have been employed for centuries in various countries due to their pharmacological value. Therefore, determination of the biological activity of the leaves is of interest. The aim of the study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects against Alzheimer's disease-related enzymes Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), diabetes mellitus related enzymes Î±-glucosidase and Î±-amylase. The antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities of the leaves were also studied. According to the results, both water and methanol extracts of P. orientalis demonstrated more Î±-glucosidase and Î±-amylase inhibition activity than the antidiabetic drug-acarbose at the same concentration level. In addition, extracts showed good inhibition activity against AChE and BuChE. Significant results were obtained regarding antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. These results are very promising especially for the improvement of pharmaceutical formulations to treat various diseases such as age-related diseases, cancer, diabetes etc. and it is necessary to conduct further experiments.
Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’nun Parlamento’da Temsili: 1946- 1960
Authors: MİFTAKHOV Songül
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Kürt nüfusun yoğunlukluolduğu çeşitli illerde, 1946-1980 yılları arasında siyasal temsil ve katılımın parlamenter düzeyde nasılgerçekleştiğini araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, seçime giren partilerin her genel seçim dönemindealdıkları oyların bölgedeki belirli illere dağılımı ve bu illerden seçilen milletvekillerinin siyasal, sosyal,iktisadi ve kültürel profilleri ayrıntılarıyla incelenmiştir.1946 yılı ile 1980 askeri darbesi arasındaki dönemde bölgenin parlamentodaki temsili büyük ölçüdegeleneksel yerel eşrafın elindedir. Bölgede ekonomik ve sosyal olarak güçlü olan sınıflara işaret edenyerel eşraf, büyük toprak sahipleri, aşiret ve tarikat liderlerinin yanı sıra bu sınıfın eğitimli, aydınkuşağını da içeren çok katmanlı bir yapıdan oluşmaktadır. DP iktidarı döneminde yerel seçkinlerinintüm katmanları parlamentoda temsil olanağı bulmuştur. Bölgeyi ağırlıklı olarak parlamentodatemsil eden, siyasal partilerin patronaj ilişkisi içinde oldukları geleneksel yerel eşraf oluşturmuştur.Yerel eşrafın “Doğucular” olarak tanımlanan bir diğer katmanını ise dönemin Kürt aydın kuşağıoluşturmuştur. Doğu’nun geri kalmışlığına çözüm bulmak amacıyla parlamentoda yer aldıklarınıifade eden Kürt aydınlarının siyasal partilerle kurduğu ilişki biçimi 1960’lı yıllar itibariyle dönüşmeyebaşlamıştır. Geleneksel yerel eşraf sağ partiler üzerinden, siyasi ve ekonomik anlamda merkeze entegreolurken, bir yandan da yerel siyasal katılım kanallarını da ellerinde tutmuşlardır. Böylelikle siyasaltemsil ve katılımın merkez, yerel ve sivil toplum düzeylerini tekelleştirmişlerdir.
Uluslararası Sorunların Çözümünde Normatif ve Reel Politik Araçların Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analizi: İran ve Suriye Krizi’nde Türkiye’nin Arabuluculuğu
Authors: TUNÇARSLAN Nilay
Published: September 2018

In international relations, states can use different practices in line with their goals and interests andthey may prefer realpolitik or more normative means according to their priorities. Turkey, especiallyafter 2000’s, aimed to be more active in foreign policy and “mediation” activities that carried out invarious regions has become one of the instruments of achieving targets. Beside mediation which canbe considered as a normative instrument by giving priority to diplomacy in conflict resolution andaiming to sustain interstate dialogue, in cases where there is a threat to national security, it can beseen that coercive and hard power means may add as a complementary of the process. The foreignpolicy of Turkey was influenced by on the one hand changes in domestic circumstances, on the otherhand events in global politics and the article aims to put forth that these influence reflected mediationinitiatives. The changing nature of Turkey’s mediation can be observed in Iran and Syria cases.