bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the country of origin of the sire on milk performance of primiparous Jersey cows
Authors: Pytlewski Jarosław , Antkowiak Ireneusz Ryszard , Stanisławski Daniel , Siejak Joanna
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the country of origin of the sire on the milk performance of primiparous Jersey cows kept under identical management conditions in Poland. Experimental cows were divided into four groups: daughters of bulls from the USA, Denmark, Canada and Poland. The effect of the paternal group on the milk performance of primiparous cows was estimated. A two-way contingency table was prepared to assess the association between the sire’s country of origin and peak lactation. To present the course of daily milk yield during 305-day lactation, linear graphs were plotted with linear trends depending on the origin of sires of primiparous cows. Daughters of Polish bulls, in comparison to the other genetic groups of primiparous cows, had by the lowest daily milk yields, as well as the lowest concentrations of protein and dry matter in their milk. Primiparous cows sired by bulls from Denmark had the highest daily milk yields and the lowest fat-to-protein ratios in their milk. Analysis of the effect of the origin of the sire on the milk performance of primiparous Jersey cows during 305-day lactation revealed significantly the lowest milk, protein and dry matter yield and the lowest content of protein in the milk for the daughters of Polish bulls. Primiparous cows from this group and the daughters of bulls from the USA had significantly the lowest fat yield and the lowest dry matter content in their milk. Daughters of Polish bulls in comparison to daughters of foreign bulls had a significantly higher concentration of lactose in their milk. The vast majority of primiparous Jersey cows sired by imported bulls reached peak daily milk yields from day 31 to day 60 of lactation. The lactation curve and the first-order trend for daily milk yields were most advantageous in primiparous cows sired by bulls from the USA and Canada. The use of semen from imported Jersey bulls in the Polish population of this cattle breed results in increased milk yields in primiparous cows sired by those bulls, as well as beneficial concentrations of milk constituents. The results of this study indicate that under Polish management conditions the use of semen from Danish bulls is preferable, although further research should be conducted to determine the lifetime productivity of cows and concentrations of milk constituents.
Positive risk behaviors and time perception among mountaineers
Authors: Wizła Magdalena
Published: December 2019

The article concerns people engaged in hiking in the mountains as being the representatives of positive risk behaviour (PRB) (activities accepted by the members of society). The aim of the research is to determine whether people involved in hiking display significantly more risk behaviour, both positive and negative (NRB) and whether they perceive time in a different way. In the research participants were recruited and questionnaires were applied via the Internet. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis that hikers are characterised by a greater risk propensity and a greater number of activities recognised as PRB, but not NRB. Surprisingly no differences between future time perspective orientation were found. Moreover, people hiking in the mountains are characterised by higher measures of present hedonistic time perspective and lower past negative time perspective. Average value of DBTP is lower among them, which stands for a more balanced time perception orientation. Past negative time perspective is most strongly correlated with a balanced time perspective. Strong positive correlations between risk propensity and PRB were found. A negative correlation was observed between future time perspective and NRB, but not PRB. It is important to note that the correlation between present hedonistic time perspective and frequency of PRB activities was found only among mountain tourists. Further research could concentrate on the analysis of other specific groups and further exploration of hikers’ community concerning their personality and identity structures, cognitive styles, profits obtained from being a member of a group and engaging in sport.
Improvement of noise examination in the work environment . Method of measuring single acoustic events and method of input data conditioning
Authors: Fugiel Dariusz
Published: December 2019

Strategy 1 (task-based measurements), described in the PN-EN ISO 9612: 2011 standard "Acoustics - Determination of occupational noise exposure - Engineering method " not always brings fully reliable results of noise measurements. This happens in conditions where the measured noise is significantly variable because of changes in the intensity of work or changes in the duration of particular technological cycles. The same applies to short-term acoustic events characterized by high sound levels and various types of interruptions in activities performed by a worker. These reasons, as well as mathematical simplifications adopted in Strategy 1, often cause significant errors. For such situations, in order to improve the accuracy of analyzes and to reduce time consumption of measurements, the following methods have been proposed for noise examination in work environment:
1) The method of measuring individual acoustic events (used in external environment research for traffic noise measurements) - which was adapted to work environment by deriving mathematical formulas applied in it directly from the aforementioned Strategy 1, providing rules of measuring and deriving formulas for estimating their uncertainty.
2) The method of input data conditioning - which, after appropriate adjustment of input data, allows for calculation of accuracy of the final results (and their uncertainties) with preservation of accuracy, using the mathematical formulas given in Strategy 1.
The proposed methods allow to determine all the values and acoustic data obtained as a result of the application of Strategy 1. They are also suitable to be applied simultaneously at the same work station - which is included in the presented measurement model. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.
The changing symbolic meaning of the extinct great auk and its afterlife as a museum object at the Natural History Museum of Denmark
Authors: Kjartansdóttir Katla
Published: December 2019

This article examines the historical context and afterlife of the great auk as a museum object. The focus is on the changing meaning of the bird as it travels across cultural boundaries, material forms and historical periods. It starts by focusing on how the bird was contextualized within Ole Worm’s cabinet in the 17th century and then moves on to more recent museum representations. By conducting interviews with museum staff and professionals and analysis of items stored and/or exhibited at the museum, the symbolic meanings and representative functions of the great auk are brought into light. As proposed in this paper, certain characteristics, values and meanings stem from the materiality of the objects but also from their travels and re-locations. The investigation reveals how the role of the great auk in relation to collective museum (and human) challenges such as emerging ecological limits and biodiversity loss has been developing.
Moderniosios Lietuvos urbanizacijos raida: Būsto, teritorinio ir regioninio planavimo politika vėlyvojo sovietmečio ir ankstyvosios Lietuvos nepriklausomybės periodu (1987–1997 m.)
Authors: Žilys Apolonijus
Published: December 2019

Urbanizacija kaip procesas yra apibendrinamas kaip viena iš esminių modernėjančios visuomenės sąlygų, o Lietuvos urbanizacijos modelis kardinaliai pasikeičia atgavus nepriklausomybę pereinant prie rinkos ekonomikos. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti kaip buvo įgyvendinamos būsto, regioninio ir teritorinio planavimo politinės reformos 1987–1997 m. laikotarpiu, keičiant moderniosios Lietuvos urbanizacijos modelį. Sovietinio centralizuoto ir rinkos ekonomikos decentralizuoto teritorinio, regioninio planavimo ir būsto politikos pokyčiams su kintančia modernaus miesto koncepcija atskleisti yra pasitelkiama nacionalinio lygmens dokumentų analizė. Analizė parodė, kad institucinių veikėjų atsakomybių pokyčiai buvo grįsti greita decentralizacija, miesto gyventojų vaidmuo kito iš pasyvaus gerovės gavėjo į aktyvų vartotoją būsto sektoriuje, o privatizacijos ir restitucijos programų derinimas tapo iššūkiu viešojo sektoriaus institucijoms, siekiant sutaikyti skirtingas gyventojų interesų grupes pereinamuoju laikotarpiu.
The World Experience and a Unified Model for Government Regulation of Development of the Automotive Industry
Authors: Dmytriiev Illia A. , Shevchenko Inna Yu. , Kudryavtsev Vyacheslav M. , Lushnikova Olena M. , Zhytnik Tetiana S.
Published: December 2019

The article summarises the advanced world experience in government regulation of the automotive industry using the example of the leading automotive manufacturing countries – China, Japan, India, South Korea, the USA, and the European Union. Leading approach to the study of this problem is the comparative method that has afforded revealing peculiarities of the primary measures applied by governments of the world to regulate the automotive industry have been identified. A unified model for government regulation of the automotive industry has been elaborated. The presented model contains a set of measures for government support for the automotive industry depending on the life cycle stage (inception, growth, stabilisation, top position, stagnation, decline, crisis) of the automotive industry and the level (high, medium, low) of competitiveness of automotive enterprises.
New Methods in the Synthesis of (Meth)Acrylamides and Application Chelating Resin for Determination of Trace Metals in Certified Reference Materials and Waters
Authors: Soykan Cengiz
Published: December 2019

The waste of trace metals are led the pollutions of water, soil and air. That’s why the accurate and sensitive identification of amount of trace metals in food samples and environment are gained importance in analytical chemistry because of their toxicity to human health. Besides, the direct determination of trace metals, presented at very low concentration especially in real samples, is difficult. In this content, before determination of trace metals by instrumental methods can be achieved successfully using separation/preconcentration procedures. The different synthesized chelating polymer resin adsorbents are successfully used for the SPE of trace metals. The trace metals, such as Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn and Fe, are necessary for human health, when it has been taken at certain limits. But, the trace metals, such as Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and As are toxic metals for the human body. About this, there are studies on the determination of trace elements and mineral in food samples and environment. In this study, new methods in the synthesis of (meth)acrylamides and use as a sorbent in the trace metals extraction was identified.
Development of Biofilms for Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Bashir Asma , Farid Neha , Ali Kashif , Fatima Kiran
Published: December 2019

Biofilms are a unit referred to as assemblage of microbial cells growing as surface-attached microbial communities within the natural surroundings. Their genetic and physiological aspects are widely studied. Biofilm development involves the assembly of extracellular compound substances that forms the most bailiwick network. Quorum sensing is one more crucial development specifically connected with biofilm formation in several microorganism species. In ecological purpose, the biofilm offers protection against unfavorable conditions and provides a platform for the genetic transfer. A biofilm-forming bacterium area unit is medically necessary, as they are resistant to several antibiotics and might spread resistant genes. This chapter provides the summary of microorganism biofilm formation and its significance in ecology.
Enhancing Quality of Higher Education and Employability in Kazakhstan: Gender Aspects
Authors: Nugmanova Maigul
Published: December 2019

How can the higher education system of Kazakhstan be improved so that graduates are in demand in the labor market and are prepared for the challenges of a changing world? This chapter provides an analysis of the quality assurance (hereinafter the QA) systems of European universities, national QA system analysis of Kazakhstan, Belgium, France, and Sweden; and survey of internal QA systems in Kazakhstani Universities. This chapter examines the possibilities and acceptability of applying the best European practices in Kazakhstani Universities and argues that educational reforms successful in Europe may be ineffective in Kazakhstan due to the different starting conditions to reform. This chapter agrees that improvement of the internal standards of the QA and the quality culture contribute to improving the education quality and graduates employability, provided that all other areas such as economy, business, and living standards shall comply with international standards. The main aspects of this research deal with the interrelation between quality of education and employability of graduates, interconnection between gender discrimination and restricted employment opportunities of women. The chapter argues that the quality of higher education and training of highly qualified and employable specialists are the important prerequisites of sustainable social and economic development of society.
Optical Chirality and Single-Photon Isolation
Authors: Tang Lei , Xia Keyu
Published: December 2019

Optical isolation is important for protecting a laser from damage due to the detrimental back reflection of light. It typically relies on breaking Lorentz reciprocity and normally is achieved via the Faraday magneto-optical effect, requiring a strong external magnetic field. Single-photon isolation, the quantum counterpart of optical isolation, is the key functional component in quantum information processing, but its realization is challenging. In this chapter, we present all-optical schemes for isolating the backscattering from single photons. In the first scheme, we show the single-photon isolation can be realized by using a chiral quantum optical system, in which a quantum emitter asymmetrically couples to nanowaveguide modes or whispering-gallery modes with high optical chirality. Secondly, we propose a chiral optical Kerr nonlinearity to bypass the so-called dynamical reciprocity in nonlinear optics and then achieve room-temperature photon isolation with low insertion loss. The concepts we present may pave the way for quantum information processing in an unconventional way.
Three‐dimensional structural‐material models of the formation of the Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya kimberlite pipes (Yakutian Diamondiferous Province, Russia)
Authors: Serebryakov E. V. , Gladkov A. S. , Koshkarev D. A.
Published: December 2019

The Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya kimberlitic pipes were in the focus of a comprehensive study aimed to investigate their structural and material positions as the main deposits in the Nakyn field (Yakutian Diamondife‐ rous Province, Russia). This paper present the study results and 3D structural‐material models showing the formation of these deposits. In application to geological studies, the 3D modeling technologies allow taking into account the ani‐ sotropy of material complexes comprising kimberlite pipes, as well as inconsistencies in the structural and morpho‐ logical properties of ore‐bearing structures. In order to discover the structural positions and features of the fault‐ block structures of the deposits, tectonophysical methods were used in combination with tacheometric surveys. Based on this more comprehensive and integrated approach, the existing fault patterns were clarified in detail; elements of the internal fault structure were mapped; fault azimuths and dip angles were estimated; and thickness values were obtained. Computer processed data were used to construct 3D models showing the fault‐block structures of the Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya pipes. The mineralogical, petrographic and diamond‐bearing features of various kimberlite generations comprising these pipes were investigated in order to reconstruct the morphology and spatial positions of each of the selected complexes in the current cross‐section and in accordance with intrusion phases. The 3D frame models of geological bodies were constructed for all the magmatic phases, including porphyry kimberlite and eruptive and autolithic kimberlite breccia. The structural‐material models for the Nyurbinskaya and Botuobin‐ skaya pipes were based on a synthesis of their material and structural features discovered in the previous stages of the study. The models presented in this paper are used to discuss temporal relationships between faults in the kim‐ berlitic structure and material complexes comprising the pipes. The models show that the pipes occurred in the near‐ surface structures of shear tension, which developed in the areas where the NNE‐striking fault was conjugated with the ENE‐ and NE‐striking faults in the fault zone resulting from several stage of the tectono‐magmatic activity. In this case, the kimberlite melt material was transported in discrete portions from the source through deep‐seated faults, and the faults acted as channels characterized by an increased permeability. Disjunctive elements identified in this study facilitated magma movements and localization of kimberlite bodies.
Modern state of crustal stresses of the Apennine Peninsula and adjacent territories (Central Mediterranean region)
Authors: Savvichev P. A. , Rebetsky Yu. L.
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses models showing the formation of the Central Mediterranean region and the geodynamic setting of the Apennine Peninsula. Cataclastic analysis is used for a repeated reconstruction of the Central Mediterranean region. The catalogue of earthquake focal mechanisms includes 662 events (3.6≤Mb≤6.5) recorded in the study area from 1977 to 2015 (Global CMT, http://www.globalcmt.org; RCMT, http://rcmt2.bo.ingv.it/index.html; Italian CMT dataset, http://rcmt2.bo.ingv.it/Italydataset.html). The reconstruction yielded the directions of principal stresses (including algebraically maximum and minimum ones), locations of domains differing in geodynamic regime, Lode – Nadai coefficients, and orientation of tangential shear stresses acting from the mantle to the crust. By comparing our results to the published data obtained by M.‐L. Zoback’s method, we have identified differences in the orientations of maximum horizontal compression axes at points where the stress ellipsoid takes on its critical values. It is revealed that the strongest earthquakes (M>6) were generated in the areas characterized by the minimum and average relative stress magnitudes.
The depth geodynamic state and its correlation with the surface geological and geophysical parameters along the sublatitudinal profile of Eurasia
Authors: Sokolov S. Yu.
Published: December 2019

A cross‐sections of longitudinal (P) and transverse (S) wave anomalies (attribute δ(VP/VS)) is constructed along the sublatitudinal profile from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean across the regions of the latest Eurasian volcanism. It is correlated with surface geophysical parameters interpretable in terms of geodynamics: heat flow, seismicity and integrated conductivity of the lithosphere. All the volcanic groups are related to the negative anomalies of S‐ and P‐wave velocity variations at depths, which are observed in the eastern part of the profile from Central Asia to the Pacific Ocean to depths of 1000 km. Such anomalies correlate with the heat flow anomalies and are thus indica‐ tive of a deep source. The absence of deep roots in the western part of the profile from the Caspian to the Western Mediterranean suggests lateral extension of the anomalously ‘hot’ mantle from the Afar branch of the African super‐ plume. The groups of volcanic formations in the Baikal region and the Far East are spatially associated with heat flow anomalies that are three times higher than the background values. A correlation between intraplate volcanism and the lithosphere conductivity suggests the presence of positive anomalies in all volcanic clusters, despite the fact that their background values are considerably different. In the continental part, velocity anomalies are typical of all volcanic groups with positive conductivity anomalies. It is evidenced by seismic tomography that all the volcanic groups (ex‐ cept the Alpine‐Caucasian) have ‘hot’ roots in the upper mantle to depths of 1200 km. The highest maximum conduc‐ tivity values are typical of the zones wherein high intraplate seismicity is absent. Along the profile, there are several zones of high intraplate seismicity, which are separated by aseismic zones or plate boundaries. This suggest the influ‐ ence of the heated state of the mantle and the occurrence of zones of increased conductivity in the lithosphere.
Experience of using non‐specialized unmanned aerial vehicles for aerial surveys in the studies of exogenous geological processes
Authors: Rybchenko A. A. , Kadetova A. V. , Kozyreva E. A. , Yuriev A. A.
Published: December 2019

The article reviews the experience of aerial surveys using a quadcopter DJI Inspire 1 PRO (unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV) for solving problems of engineering geodynamics. It describes the application of photogrammetry to estimate quantitative parameters of the studied objects, the experience of using UAVs to study flood processes in the Tunka valley (Russia) and erosion structures in the Ulaanbaatar agglomeration (Mongolia). The first UAV‐acquired data on debris flow alluvial fans and elementary drainage basins of erosion structures are presented. The ranges of UAV flight heights were 100–150 m and 1–30 m for local and detailed aerial photography surveys, respectively. Local surveys covered relatively large objects – debris flow alluvial fans and drainage basins. Detailed aerial photography aimed to investigate the granulometric compositions of debris flow deposits and to construct transverse profiles of erosion structures. Processed aerial photos provided a basis for a schematic map showing the distribution of accumu‐ lated debris flow deposits. The granulometric compositions of coarse fractions in the debris flow deposits were de‐ termined. Based on the survey results, 3D models of the fragments of the erosion structures and their cross‐sections were constructed.
Astromesitius, a new genus of Mesitiinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Old World
Authors: Barbosa Diego N. , Azevedo Celso O.
Published: December 2019

Literature about Mesitiinae Kieffer, 1914 has not been treated extensively from a taxonomic viewpoint in comparison with other subfamilies in Bethylidae Latreille, 1802. Our research on species of Metrionotus Móczár, 1970, Clytrovorus Nagy, 1972 and Sulcomesitius Móczár, 1970 revealed a new hypopygium shape pattern, namely a ‘star-shaped’ hypopygium, which is characteristic of a new genus, Astromesitius gen. nov., with two new species Astromesitius thionyi gen. et sp. nov. and Astromesitius olavoi gen. et sp. nov. The descriptions of both new species are based on male specimens collected in Thailand and the United Arab Emirates. Astromesitius quatei (Móczár, 1977) gen. et comb. nov. is designated as type species for the new genus, which is erected for a total of seven species. The main diagnostic characteristics are the head longer than wide; a clypeus with a median lobe quadrate; an antenna with distinct long setae, with pedicel caliciform, and with flagellomeres long and caliciform; pronotum and anteromesoscutum with longitudinal sulcus indistinct or absent; metapectal-propodeal complex with posterior projection hardly distinct or absent; hypopygium star-shaped; genitalia with aedeagus slender and fusiform.
Urothelial Proliferation of Unknown Malignant Potential Involving the Bladder: Histopathologic Features and Risk of Progression in De Novo Cases and Cases With Prior Neoplasia
Authors: Lowenthal Brett M. , Sahoo Debashis , Amin Mahul B. , Hansel Donna E.
Published: December 2019

Context.—

Urothelial proliferation of unknown malignant potential (UPUMP) is a 2016 World Health Organization classifier that encompasses prior categories of flat and papillary urothelial hyperplasia. In addition, UPUMP occurs in settings of both de novo and prior bladder neoplasia.

Objective.—

To identify UPUMP features associated with subsequent neoplastic development.

Design.—

Sixty-eight patients were identified from the archives, including 26 patients with de novo and 42 patients with prior bladder neoplasia. Patient slides and clinical course were reviewed.

Results.—

Patients with de novo UPUMP were detected through clinical findings (26/26; 100%), whereas surveillance cystoscopy primarily detected UPUMP in patients with prior neoplasia (29/42; 69%). Histopathologic criteria evaluated included urothelial hyperplasia, urothelial cytology, vascular ingrowth, denudation, inflammation, edema, and fibrosis. Mean clinical follow-up was 68.9 months in patients with de novo neoplasia and 69.5 months in patients with prior neoplasia. Subsequent neoplasia developed in 4 of 26 (15.4%) of patients with de novo UPUMP and was associated with cystoscopic papillary appearance (P = .02) or microscopic thin papillary ingrowths or papillations (P = .02; median time to progression, 4.1 months). Of 42 patients with prior neoplasia, 17 (40.5%) had subsequent neoplasia, significantly associated with an absence of prominent lamina propria edema (P < .001; median time to progression, 11.0 months). A higher rate of progression to high-grade disease was present in patients with a prior neoplasia versus those with de novo disease (58.9% versus 25%).

Conclusions.—

Urothelial proliferation of unknown malignant potential shows subsequent risk of neoplastic development of 17% in patients with de novo disease and 40% in patients with prior neoplasia. The greatest risk of progression is associated with early papillary formation.
Teaching Laboratory Stewardship in the Medical Student Core Clerkships Pathology-Teaches
Authors: Roth Christine G. , Huang William , Sekhon Navdeep , Caruso Andrew , Kung Doris , Greely Jocelyn , Purkiss Joel , Ismail Nadia
Published: December 2019

Context.—

Current health care spending is unsustainable, and there is a need to teach high-value care principles to future physicians. Pathology-Teaches is an educational intervention designed to teach laboratory stewardship early in clinical training, at the level of the medical student in their core clinical clerkships.

Objective.—

To assess the pilot implementation of case-based educational modules in 5 required core clerkships at our institution.

Design.—

The online cases were developed by using a multidisciplinary approach. In the Pathology-Teaches educational module, students make decisions regarding the ordering or interpretation of laboratory testing within the context of a clinical scenario and receive immediate feedback during the case. The intervention was assessed by using pretest and posttest. Student feedback was also collected from end-of-rotation evaluations.

Results.—

A total of 203 students completed the Pathology-Teaches pilot, including 72 in Family Medicine, 72 in Emergency Medicine, 24 in Internal Medicine, 24 in Neurology, and 11 in Obstetrics-Gynecology (OB-GYN). Pathology-Teaches utility was demonstrated by significantly increased improvement between pretest and posttest scores (mean, 63.1% versus 83.5%; P < .001; Hedge g effect size = 0.93). Of the 494 students who completed the Pathology-Teaches questions on the end-of-rotation evaluation, 251 provided specific feedback, with 38.6% (97 of 251) rating the activity as “extremely valuable” or “very valuable,” and 41.4% (104 of 251) as “some/moderate value.” Qualitative feedback included 17 positive comments with 6 requests to scale up or include more cases, 16 constructive comments for improvement mainly regarding the technical aspects, and 5 negative comments.

Conclusions.—

Pathology-Teaches effectively teaches stewardship concepts, and most students perceived value in this educational intervention.
História da educação matemática, saberes objetivados e a constituição de uma disciplina
Authors: Oliveira Maria Cristina Araújo de
Published: December 2019

Se propone discutir el papel de la historia de la educación matemática (HEM) en la formación de profesores que enseñan matemática. Se estudia la inserción de este saber como una disciplina en cursos de pregrado y posgrado.  En esta dirección, se pretende mostrar la relevancia de la exploración, en un nivel de enseñanza, de los conocimientos ya producidos en el dominio de la investigación en historia de la educación matemática para la formación del profesor que enseña matemática. De manera general se puede decir que la investigación en este campo se orienta por preguntas cercanas a las prácticas profesionales de los profesores en formación los resultados de los estudios producidos sobre la HEM bajo la forma de disciplina crea la posibilidad de fusionar la enseñanza con la investigación de manera que garantiza un aporte diferente sobre la matemática escolar y fomenta nuevas  preguntas de investigación.
Tramas textuales de la memoria colectiva: la “transición a la democracia” en los manuales secundarios de historia argentina en el despunte del siglo XXI
Authors: Rolland Jorge
Published: December 2019

El análisis de manuales escolares en torno a un tema inexplorado como la «transición a la democracia» muestra complejas relaciones entre el campo oficial, disciplinar y social. Se constata una secuencia común, con iconos y núcleos similares, y un marco compartido de significaciones (en torno al llamado «dualismo antinómico»), en una muestra de amplia circulación encuadrada en las reformas de 1993 y 2006. Ello remite a un producto aceptado y aceptable legal, económica, política, disciplinar y socialmente. Pero asimismo existen acentuadas divergencias historiográficas (sobre el cambio histórico y sus fundamentos, y la epistemología) y distintas relaciones con los relatos críticos (integral, institucional) y las memorias sociales (de los gobiernos constitucionales, de los organismos de derechos humanos y militar), a partir de los relatos de la ruptura, continuidad y transición propiamente. Esto indica, por su  parte, que los textos se entrelazan con las luchas de la historia y la memoria, con importantes implicaciones en la formación de los jóvenes.
Cultura material e innovación pedagógico-científica en la enseñanza secundaria (España, 1845-1939)
Authors: Viñao Frago Antonio
Published: December 2019

Reseña de los libros: AULAS ABIERTAS. PROFESORES VIAJEROS Y RENOVACIÓN EN LA ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA EN LOS PAÍSES IBÉRICOS (1900-1936), por Leoncio López-Ocón, Víctor Guijarro y Mario Pedrazuela (eds.). Madrid: Dykinson, 2018,CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN EN LAS AULAS. CENTENARIO DEL INSTITUTO-ESCUELA (1918-1939), por Encarnación Martínez alfaro, Leoncio López-Ocón Cabrera y Gabriela Ossenbach Sauter (eds.). Madrid: Consejo  Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2018.ARTEFACTOS Y ACCIÓN EDUCATIVA. LA CULTURA DEL OBJETO CIENTÍFICO EN LA ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA EN ESPAÑA (1845-1930), Por Víctor Guijarro Mora. Madrid: Dykinson, 2018.
Saberes em (trans)formação: Tema central da formação de profesores
Authors: Pinto Neuza Bertoni
Published: December 2019

Reseña del libro: Rita Hofstetter y Wagner Rodrigues Valente (orgs.). Saberes em (trans)formação: Tema central da formação de profesores (São Paulo: Editora Livraria da Física, 2017)
Las construcciones escolares en España en los años veinte y treinta del siglo pasado (la Dictadura Primorriverista y la Segunda República)
Authors: Rodríguez Méndez Francisco Javier , García Salmerón María del Pilar , Viñao Frago Antonio
Published: December 2019

Debate sobre las construcciones escolares en España entre tres especialistas en el tema
Secesión y constitucionalismo comparado
Authors: González Campañá Núria
Published: December 2019

Este artículo examina el vínculo entre secesión y constitucionalismo en democracias constitucionales consolidadas analizando el debate entre el paradigma clásico, representado por el constitucionalismo americano, y el llamado nuevo paradigma, representado por el constitucionalismo canadiense. Mientras que la postura clásica se traduce en una interpretación muy restrictiva que prohíbe la secesión e incluso un referéndum de independencia, el nuevo paradigma intenta acomodar las demandas de secesión si hay una mayoría clara que así lo solicite. En la actualidad diversos ordenamientos jurídicos de democracias europeas se han visto forzados a responder a demandas secesionistas. Algún constitucionalismo, como el británico en el caso escocés, ha seguido el modelo del nuevo paradigma, permitiendo un referéndum de independencia en una parte del territorio nacional, aunque bajo supervisión del gobierno central y excluyendo la posibilidad de un derecho a la secesión (y un derecho a organizar referéndums de independencia) unilateral. En otros países, sin embargo, la posición del gobierno central y de los Altos Tribunales ha sido muy restrictiva. En este sentido, España es sin duda un ejemplo paradigmático, pero en ningún caso excepcional. Sentencias de la Corte Constitucional italiana y del Tribunal Constitucional alemán confirman, aunque con matices, esta posición española. En todos estos casos se ha señalado que, dado que la soberanía reside en el conjunto de ciudadanos, una parte de dicha ciudadanía no puede adoptar decisiones fundamentales que afectan a la totalidad del cuerpo electoral. Estas interpretaciones comunes muestran que el nuevo paradigma no ha venido a sustituir al clásico, sino que en la actualidad ambos conviven en democracias igualmente avanzadas. Además, el artículo también pretende resaltar que a pesar de las diferencias entre un modo de tratar la secesión y otro (paradigma clásico y nuevo), hay determinados rasgos comunes: respeto al Estado de Derecho y papel relevante de las instituciones estatales en el proceso, lo cual excluye cualquier tipo de secesión unilateral.
El conflicto entre el derecho al olvido digital del pasado penal y las libertades informativas: las hemerotecas digitales. (A propósito de la STC de 4 de junio de 2018 y de la STEDH de 28 de junio de 2018, caso M.L. y W.W. contra Alemania)
Authors: Jiménez-Castellanos Ballesteros Inmaculada
Published: December 2019

Con carácter general, la libertad de información es uno de los límites del derecho al olvido digital. La posibilidad de localizar, en la hemeroteca digital de un periódico, una noticia publicada tiempo atrás, utilizando como criterios de búsqueda datos personales, concretamente los nombres y apellidos ha sido el motivo del pronunciamiento del TC. En este supuesto concreto, el derecho al olvido digital lleva aparejada la existencia de un perjuicio para el interesado, tratándose de un aspecto de su vida privada relativo a su pasado penal y por tanto relacionado, con su intimidad. El presente trabajo analiza la STC, de 4 de junio de 2018, que reconoce expresamente el denominado jurisprudencialmente derecho al olvido digital, como una facultad inherente al derecho a la protección de datos personales, y, por lo tanto, como derecho fundamental. Paralelamente examina la STEDH caso M.L. y W.W. contra Alemania de 28 de junio de 2018. En el conflicto entre el derecho al olvido digital del pasado penal y el ejercicio de la libertad de información a través de las hemerotecas digitales, el TC emplea los mismos parámetros que ha venido utilizando en su jurisprudencia tradicional sobre los límites a la libertad de información junto con el paso del tiempo y los efectos de la digitalización de la información. Para concluir que la medida limitadora consistente en desindexar los nombres y apellidos como criterios de búsqueda era proporcionada. No obstante, las hemerotecas digitales, contribuyen de forma sustancial a la preservación y accesibilidad de las noticias y la información. La STC resulta, en este sentido, más garantista para los derechos de la personalidad, y, en especial, para el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos. Sin embargo, el interés de los usuarios de Internet en disponer de la información sobre hechos del pasado queda desvalorizado en la ponderación. Por el contrario, la postura que ha mantenido el TEDH es que la inclusión del nombre de la persona noticiable constituye un aspecto esencial del trabajo de la prensa y de la credibilidad de la noticia, máxime si se trata como en este caso de un procedimiento penal. No resultaría por tanto improbable que el caso español acabara planteándose ante TEDH sobre la base de la importancia del derecho del público a acceder a la información incluso sobre acontecimientos pasados.
La protección de las minorías: un desafío en clave de constitucionalismo multinivel
Authors: Sayago Armas Diana
Published: December 2019

El tratamiento jurídico-constitucional de las minorías y su protección en un contexto estatal donde la mayoría puede anular lo que es diferente a ella, constituye una problemática a afrontar en auge en la realidad multicultural en la que nos desenvolvemos, profundamente influenciada por los avances en política social y una moderna comprensión del sistema democrático. La protección en el marco jurídico-constitucional de estos grupos, la definición del concepto de “minoría” sin que haya sido posible alcanzar un consenso, así como el limitado reconocimiento en España de su realidad, son objeto de análisis en este trabajo.
L’agentivité ou comment naviguer parmi les spécificités interculturelles et les contraintes de performance dans l’évaluation auprès des familles racisées en protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Robichaud Marie-Joëlle , Poirier Marie-Andrée , Pullen Sansfaçon Annie
Published: December 2019

La rencontre des services de protection de la jeunesse (PJ) et des familles racisées est porteuse de tensions qui, du point de vue des pratiques, restent peu documentées. Cet article s’appuie sur une recherche auprès de professionnelles et de gestionnaires des services de PJ. Les résultats montrent que dans le contexte de l’évaluation auprès de familles racisées, les enjeux de performance et le manque de considération des spécificités du contexte interculturel posent des défis et mettent les professionnelles face à des dilemmes. Pour y faire face, les professionnelles s’appuient sur ce qu’elles définissent comme l’agentivité, une façon personnelle de réfléchir et d’agir qui s’apprécie et se module en fonction des valeurs, sensibilités et expériences personnelles de chacune. Les enjeux qui découlent à reléguer l’agentivité à ses composantes individuelles sont discutés et aident à considérer la responsabilité institutionnelle pour mieux soutenir et orienter les processus de prise de décision des professionnelles auprès des familles racisées.
Une identité professionnelle en tension
Authors: Crête Josianne
Published: December 2019

Être travailleuse sociale dans un établissement de réadaptation en déficience physique entraîne différents enjeux identitaires, c’est pourquoi un projet de recherche s’est appliqué à mieux comprendre la perception qu’ont ces travailleuses sociales de leur propre identité professionnelle. À partir d’une posture propre à la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée constructiviste, deux phases de collecte de données ont permis l’émergence théorique de la catégorie centrale qu’est la réadaptation sociale. Appuyé sur deux pôles identitaires et traversé par cinq tensions principales, ce type de réadaptation se conceptualise à travers les théories interactionnistes symboliques de Strauss (1992) et de Dubar (2000).
Conceptualisation du harcèlement sexuel dans le logement
Authors: Desroches Marie-Ève
Published: December 2019

Alors que le domicile devrait représenter la confiance et la sécurité, il peut, du jour au lendemain, devenir une importante source d’insécurité en étant un lieu où différentes formes de harcèlement et de violences sont vécues au quotidien. Comment conceptualiser ces violences ? Cet article présente une recension des écrits portant sur le harcèlement sexuel vécu dans le logement qui est perpétré par des personnes en position de pouvoir comme les propriétaires, gestionnaires d’immeubles et concierges. Bien que cet enjeu touche de nombreuses femmes à travers le monde, cette thématique demeure peu documentée par rapport à d’autres formes de harcèlement et violences sexuelles.
Les conduites éthiques et le rétablissement
Authors: Roy Mélissa
Published: December 2019

Cet article propose une lecture critique du paradigme de rétablissement en santé mentale dans le champ du travail social, en analysant les conduites éthiques quotidiennes associées à ce concept. Nous avons effectué une revue de littérature d’articles scientifiques publiés en travail social dans deux bases de données et six journaux, à partir de laquelle nous avons choisi un échantillon randomisé de 45 articles. Une analyse poststructuraliste du discours montre que le rétablissement est traversé par une éthique de soi congruente avec des attentes normatives. Nous proposons ensuite des pistes voulant éviter l’emploi d’interventions totalisantes et imposantes en travail social.
Évaluation du Service de consultation interculturelle du Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut universitaire
Authors: LeBrun Annie , Hassan Ghayda , Boivin Mylène
Published: December 2019

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche évaluant le Service de consultation interculturelle (SCI) du Centre jeunesse de Montréal — Institut universitaire pour l’intervention en contexte de diversité culturelle. Les 30 intervenantes interviewées expriment des besoins variés relatifs à leur compréhension du vécu et de la culture des familles et leur relation avec ces dernières, mais aussi quant à l’intervention à effectuer. Le SCI est apprécié lorsqu’il répond à leurs besoins et bonifie leur pratique, mais l’approche réflexive préconisée est parfois source d’insatisfaction, notamment lorsque les intervenantes recherchent des solutions immédiates aux difficultés rencontrées.
La médiation familiale en présence de violence conjugale
Authors: Huot Madeleine
Published: December 2019

Au Québec, la médiation familiale en contexte de violence conjugale est méconnue et controversée. Bien que la pratique soit débattue, elle existe ; il est donc important de savoir comment les médiateurs familiaux composent avec cette réalité dans leur quotidien. Cette étude fut menée dans le cadre d’une maîtrise en service social (UdeM) auprès de 8 médiateurs issus des domaines juridique et psychosocial, en collaboration avec le Comité des organismes accréditeurs en médiation familiale (COAMF). Les résultats permettent d’identifier divers moyens mis en place pour assurer la sécurité des personnes et les raisons qui motivent le choix de chacun d’entre eux.
Empathie, mentalisation et comportements extério-risés chez les enfants d’âge scolaire hébergés en centre jeunesse : une étude exploratoire
Authors: Dubé Geneviève , Terradas Miguel M. , Didier Olivier , Guillemette Rosalie , Achim Julie
Published: December 2019

Les abus sexuels ou physiques, la négligence et les mauvais traitements psychologiques survenant au sein de la relation parent-enfant risquent d’entraver le développement des capacités d’empathie et de mentalisation (CM) chez l’enfant, capacités qui permettraient d’inhiber les comportements extériorisés. Cette étude exploratoire vise à documenter le niveau d’empathie et de mentalisation chez 16 enfants âgés entre 7 et 11 ans, hébergés en centre jeunesse, ainsi que les liens existants entre ces capacités et les comportements extériorisés. Des questionnaires évaluant l’empathie, les biais de mentalisation et les comportements extériorisés des jeunes ont été administrés aux éducateurs de suivi (n = 13) et aux enfants (n = 16), ces derniers ayant également participé à une entrevue permettant de qualifier leur CM. Les enfants présentent tous des comportements extériorisés et une capacité relativement faible d’empathie. Ils manifestent également un refus de mentaliser ou une absence de mentalisation, ainsi que peu de biais de mentalisation. Des liens significatifs entre l’empathie, la CM et les biais de mentalisation ont été trouvés. Aucun lien entre ces variables et les comportements extériorisés n’a cependant été démontré. Les filles présentent des scores plus élevés que les garçons quant à la CM et à l’empathie. Aucune différence n’a été observée entre les enfants issus des différents services d’hébergement (unité de vie en internat ou foyer de groupe externe). Les résultats permettent de décrire les capacités d’empathie et de mentalisation des enfants hébergés en centre jeunesse, en plus de soutenir l’importance d’interventions basées sur ces facultés afin de tenir compte des déficits observés chez ces enfants.
Ce programme d’intervention produit-il vraiment des données probantes?
Authors: Vitaro Frank , Gauthier-Samuel Mélissa , Livernoche Leduc Camille , Ugnat-Laurin Isabelle , Bowen François
Published: December 2019

La production et l’utilisation de données probantes sont au coeur des activités scientifiques et cliniques en psychoéducation, comme dans la plupart des disciplines en sciences humaines et de l’éducation. Or, qu’entend-t-on par ‘données probantes’ et plus encore, quels critères permettent d’avancer qu’un programme d’intervention préventive ou curative produit des données probantes? Cet article propose une grille d’analyse composée de critères pertinents à cette fin. Ces critères sont regroupés en cinq sections : les critères relatifs à la conception du programme ; les critères relatifs à la mise en oeuvre du programme ; les critères relatifs au choix du devis d’évaluation ; les critères relatifs au contrôle des sources d’invalidité interne ; et les critères relatifs à l’évaluation des effets. Ensemble, ces critères sont essentiels pour déterminer jusqu’à quel point les données obtenues à l’issue d’un processus d’évaluation d’un programme sont de nature probante. Une sixième section propose des critères relatifs à la diffusion du programme ; cette section est toutefois optionnelle pour l’obtention de données probantes.
The story of Mileva Maric: Did Einstein’s first wife contribute to his scientific work?
Authors: Esterson Allen
Published: December 2019

It is currently widely believed that Einstein’s first wife, Mileva Maric, made significant contributions to his scientific work. Numerous publications since 1990 have variously contended that she co-authored his celebrated 1905 papers, did the mathematics for the special relativity paper, or even continued to collaborate with him up to the time of the birth of the couple’s second son in 1910. In this article the author cites the mostly widely disseminated claims and provides evidence that they do not withstand close examination. Citations are given for more detailed refutations of these claims. It is concluded that there is no good evidence that Mileva Maric was Einstein’s secret collaborator.
De desierto nuclear a laboratorio evolutivo: Respuestas de los organismos vivos frente a la radiación ionizante en Chernóbil
Authors: Orizaola German
Published: December 2019

El accidente ocurrido en 1986 en la central nuclear de Chernóbil (Ucrania) causó la mayor liberación de material radiactivo debida a la actividad humana. Las previsiones iniciales consideraron que la zona afectada por la contaminación radiactiva quedaría desprovista de vida durante milenios. Tres décadas después, la biodiversidad de la zona se ha recuperado completamente y en Chernóbil viven todos los grandes mamíferos del este de Europa y más de 200 especies de aves. Los mecanismos que permiten a los organismos vivir en esta zona son todavía objeto de estudio y controversia. En la actualidad no existe consenso científico sobre el impacto a medio o largo plazo de la radiación sobre la naturaleza de la zona. La investigación en Chernóbil es básica para entender los efectos de la contaminación radiactiva sobre la biodiversidad, además de constituir un excelente laboratorio natural para el estudio de procesos ecoevolutivos en respuesta a la actividad humana.