bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socjologiczne życiorysy pewnego dzieła: Trajektorie, produkcje i recepcje Abdelmaleka Sayada (1960–2000)
Authors: Pérez Amín
Published: February 2018

The sociological lives of a work: The trajectories, productions and receptions of Abdelmalek Sayad (1960–2000)Taking as his point of departure the sociological-analytical tools applied by the immigration scholar Abdelmayek Sayad, the author of this article investigates the biographical facts that influenced Sayad’s works and practice. The first part is devoted to Sayad’s Algerian biography, that is his life before arriving in France in 1963. The most important point here is the meeting, during the Algerian War (1958), of young Pierre Bourdieu, then an assistant at the University of Algiers and the turn they both made to social science. The second part of the text is devoted to the life of Abdelmalek Sayad on different stages of the creation and reception of his scholarly work. The author aims to study the ways in which the sociologist took into consideration the reception of his work: how reception reflexively influenced Sayad’s sociology. Socjologiczne życiorysy pewnego dzieła: Trajektorie, produkcje i recepcje Abdelmaleka Sayada (1960–2000)Wychodząc od narzędzi socjologiczno-analitycznych wykorzystywanych przez badacza imigracji Abdelmaleka Sayada, autor bada fakty biograficzne, które wpłynęły na socjologiczną twórczość i praktykę Sayada. W pierwszej części tekstu autor przygląda się biografii algierskiej Sayada, czyli jego losom przed przybyciem do Francji w 1963 roku. Najważniejszym punktem będzie tu spotkanie w czasie wojny algierskiej z młodym Pierre’em Bourdieu, wówczas asystentem na uniwersytecie w Algierze (1958), i zwrot ich obu ku naukom społecznym. Druga część tekstu poświęcona jest drodze życiowej Abdelmaleka Sayada na różnych etapach powstawania i odbioru jego twórczości naukowej. Celem autora jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób socjolog uwzględnił recepcję swojego dzieła, a zatem to, jak recepcja ta zwrotnie wpływała na sposób uprawiania przez niego nauki.
"Double absence": Sayad–Bourdieu – case study współpracy naukowej
Authors: Wagner Izabela
Published: February 2018

Double absence: Sayad–Bourdieu – a case study in academic collaborationThe text discusses successive stages in the academic careers of Pierre Bourdieu and Abdelmalek Sayad, approached and analysed in terms of careers coupling, as well as of Abdelmalek Sayad’s category of double absence. Referring to the biographies of both sociologists, the author argues that it was Pierre Bourdieu who was the principal beneficiary of his collaboration with Abdelmalek Sayad; this is also to say – beneficiary of the exclusive mechanism of double absence to which, according to Sayad, immigrants are doomed to be subjected. The text demonstrates that Sayad’s academic career was determined by non-meritocratic factors: ethnicity, past colonial dependencies and national affiliation, and ventures to answer the question about Pierre Bourdieu’s complicity in reinforcing these determinants. Double absence: Sayad–Bourdieu – case study współpracy naukowejTekst poświęcony jest kolejnym etapom karier Pierre’a Bourdieu i Abdelmaleka Sayada, ujętym i analizowanym pod kątem sprzężenia karier, a także przy użyciu wypracowanej przez Abdelmaleka Sayada kategorii podwójnej nieobecności. Przywołując biografię obu socjologów, autorka dowodzi, że Pierre Bourdieu był głównym beneficjentem współpracy z Abdelmalekiem Sayadem, a tym samym wykluczającego mechanizmu podwójnej nieobecności, na którego działanie, jak dowodził Sayad, skazani są imigranci. Tekst unaocznia, że karierę naukową Sayada zdeterminowały czynniki pozamerytoryczne: etniczność, przeszłe zależności kolonialne i przynależność narodowa, a także próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie o udział Pierre’a Bourdieu we wzmacnianiu tych determinant.
Płynne formy celebracji: Festiwale a polskie pole literackie
Authors: Jankowicz Grzegorz , Sowa Jan
Published: February 2018

Liquid forms of celebration: Festivals and the Polish literary fieldThe text aims to analyze the position of literary festivals within the Polish literary field. The process described is dynamic in character (the position of particular festivals changes over time). The authors attempt to grasp this dynamic, including its determining factors and the transformations it introduces in the literary field. The methodological framework of the article is provided by the category of theory of fields, developed by Pierre Bourdieu. Płynne formy celebracji: Festiwale a polskie pole literackieTekst ma na celu analizę pozycji, jaką festiwale poświęcone literaturze zajmują w obrębie polskiego pola literackiego. Pole to ma charakter dynamiczny (pozycja poszczególnych festiwali zmienia się wraz z upływem czasu). Autorzy starają się uchwycić ową dynamikę, zrozumieć determinujące ją czynniki, a także związane z tym przemiany w obrębie pola literackiego. Ramę metodologiczną tekstu stanowi kategoria teorii pól wypracowana przez Pierre’a Bourdieu.
Społecznie konstruowane ciała i performatywna magia: Teoria socjologiczna Pierre’a Bourdieu w badaniach performatywnych
Authors: Kopciewicz Lucyna
Published: February 2018

Social construction of the body and the performative magic: Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory in performance studiesPerformance studies are a developing field of social science which draws on the insights of sociology, ethnography, cultural studies, cultural anthropology, theatre studies and communication studies. The object of performance studies is human activity seen as expression which constitutes the process of production and reproduction of subjectivity. In this text the author analyses Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory from the perspective of performance studies: of questions about social agency, understood as constructing the subject within a specific field of power. The author focuses particularly on the following aspects of individual and collective practices as described by Pierre Bourdieu: spatial practices, bodily practices, and masculine domination. Społecznie konstruowane ciała i performatywna magia: Teoria socjologiczna Pierre’a Bourdieu w badaniach performatywnychPerformatyka jest rozwijającą się dziedziną badań społecznych, która korzysta z dorobku socjologii, etnografii, studiów kulturowych, antropologii kulturowej, teatrologii, studiów nad komunikowaniem. Przedmiotem badań performatywnych jest aktywność ludzka rozumiana jako ekspresja, która stanowi proces wytwarzania i reprodukowania podmiotowości. W niniejszym tekście autorka analizuje teorię socjologiczną Pierre’a Bourdieu w perspektywie performatyki: pytań o społeczną sprawczość rozumianą jako konstruowanie podmiotu w określonym polu władzy. Szczególnemu namysłowi autorka poddaje następujące aspekty indywidualnych i zbiorowych praktyk opisane przez Pierre’a Bourdieu: praktyki przestrzenne, praktyki cielesne, męska dominacja.
Deciphering the Sunshine Act
Authors: Saver Richard S.
Published: February 2018

The Physician Payments Sunshine Act (“Sunshine Act”), enacted to address financial conflicts in health care, is the first comprehensive federal legislation mandating public reporting of payments between drug companies, device manufacturers, and medicine. This article analyzes the Sunshine Act's uneven record, exploring how the law serves as an intriguing example of the uncertain case for transparency regulation in health care. The Sunshine Act's bumpy rollout demonstrates that commanding transparency through legislation can be arduous because of considerable implementation challenges. Capturing all the relevant information about financial relationships and reporting it with sufficient contextual and comparative data has proven disappointingly difficult. In addition, the law suffers from uncertainty and poor design as to the intended audience. Indeed, there is strong reason to believe that it will not significantly impact decision-making of primary recipients like patients.

Yet the Sunshine Act nonetheless retains important and perhaps underappreciated value. From the almost four years of information generated, we have learned that industry-medicine financial ties vary significantly by physician specialty, and somewhat by physician gender. In many medical fields the distribution of top dollar payments tends to be heavily skewed to a few recipients, all of which have important implications for optimal management of financial conflicts and for health policy more generally. Accordingly, the Sunshine Act's greatest potential is not guiding decisions of individual patients or physicians, but its downstream effects. This Article traces how secondary audiences, such as regulators, watchdogs, and counsel are already starting to make productive use of Sunshine Act information. Public reporting has, for example, made more feasible linking industry payment information with Medicare reimbursement data. As a result, policymakers can more closely examine correlations between industry spending directed at individual physicians and their prescribing and referral decisions. Moreover, savvy counsel are recognizing that Sunshine Act information provides explosive evidence in private civil litigation and this Article explores the first wave of cases.
Code Red
Authors: Ossei-Owusu Shaun
Published: February 2018

The United States' health care system is mired in uncertainty. Public opinion on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) is undeniably mixed and politicized. The individual mandate, tax subsidies, and Medicaid expansion dominate the discussion. This Article argues that the ACA and reform discourse have given short shrift to a more static problem: the law of emergency care. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986 (“EMTALA”) requires most hospitals to screen patients for emergency medical conditions and provide stabilizing treatment regardless of patients' insurance status or ability to pay. Remarkably, this law strengthened the health safety net in a country that has no universal health care. But it is an unfunded mandate that responded to the problem of emergency care in a flawed fashion and contributed to the supposed “free rider” problem that the ACA attempted to cure.

But the ACA has also not been effective at addressing the issue of emergency care. The ACA's architects reduced funding for hospitals that serve a disproportionate percentage of the medically indigent but did not anticipate the Supreme Court's ruling in NFIB v. Sebelius, which made Medicaid expansion optional. Public and non-profit hospitals now face a scenario of less funding and potentially higher emergency room utilization due to continued uninsurance or underinsurance. Alternatives to the ACA have been insufficiently attentive to the importance of emergency care in our health system. This Article contends that any proposal that does not seriously consider EMTALA is incomplete and bound to produce some of the same problems that have dogged the American health care system for the past few decades. Moreover, the Article shows how notions of race, citizenship, and deservingness have filtered into this health care trajectory, and in the context of reform, have the potential to exacerbate existing health inequality. The paper concludes with normative suggestions on how to the mitigate EMTALA's problems in ways that might improve population health.
An accelerated test stand to assess wear in offshore wind turbines rolling bearings
Authors: Belfiore Nicola Pio , Costa Carlo , Pileggi Rosanna , Botta Fabio , Guarnaschelli Claudio
Published: February 2018

Rolling bearings are universally adopted to serve as revolute joints in almost all mechanisms or machines, because they offer a convenient solution to the problem of minimizing friction and, simultaneously, providing a large load-carrying capacity at any kinematic regime, including slow or alternate rotations. However, in offshore wind turbines not only they reach large dimensions but also they move within strong electromagnetic fields created by the turbine generators. For example, considering the last amplification stadium epicyclic gearbox, they may serve to sustain elements rotating around floating shafts (planetary) which also move around a fixed principal shaft (solar). This article illustrates an original experimental test bench that simulates sliding and rolling contacts through which a test current is flowing. Unexpected and interesting results disclose how this particular field is challenging and how more investigations are still required to achieve an adequate and complete interpretation. The understanding of this phenomenon could give rise to modification to the composition and the microstructure of rollers and rings employed in offshore wind turbines.
Tire health monitoring using the intelligent tire concept
Authors: Behroozinia Pooya , Taheri Saied , Mirzaeifar Reza
Published: February 2018

Tire durability plays an important role in road transportation safety. Damaged tires can cause vehicle instability and create potential traffic accidents. To study the potential of using the intelligent tire concept for health monitoring of the tire, a computational method for defect detection in tire structure was developed. Comparing the trend of acceleration signals for the undamaged and damaged tires can reveal information about the crack length and location around the tire circumference. To accomplish this, a finite element model of the intelligent tire was developed using implicit dynamic analysis. In addition, using the data from the model, a health monitoring algorithm was developed for predicting the crack locations using the acceleration signals obtained from the tri-axial accelerometer attached to the tire inner-liner. It is observed that the radial component of the acceleration signal plays a key role in defect detection in intelligent tires.
An anonymous access authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks under edge computing
Authors: Gao Tianhan , Li Yanqiang , Guo Nan , You Ilsun
Published: February 2018

With the rapid booming of intelligent traffic system, vehicular ad hoc networks have attracted wide attention from both academic and industry. However, security is the main obstacle for the wide deployment of vehicular ad hoc networks. Vehicular ad hoc networks security has two critical issues: access authentication and privacy preservation. How to ensure privacy preservation and improve the efficiency of authentication has become the urgent needs. However, the existing access authentication schemes for vehicular ad hoc networks with different flaws cannot maintain the balance between security and efficiency. Thus, an anonymous access authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks under edge computing based on ID-based short group signature mechanism is proposed in this article to improve the efficiency and anonymity of access authentication. Multiple pseudonyms are presented to preserve the privacy of vehicle node. Besides, a new method is designed to identify and revoke malicious vehicles in the evaluation manner. The core protocols of the proposed scheme are proved to be secure by SVO logic. According to the computation cost and transmission overhead analysis, we indicate that our scheme owns better performance. Moreover, in this article, we combine vehicular ad hoc networks with edge computing together to provide a new clue for the development of mobile edge computing.
Unreliable communication in high-performance distributed multi-agent systems: A ingenious scheme in high computing
Authors: Mustafa Ali , Islam Muhammad Najam ul , Ahmed Salman , Tufail Muhammad Ahsan
Published: February 2018

Designing of distributed consensus algorithms featuring accuracy, robustness, reliability, and speed of convergence is in high demand for various multi-agent applications. In this research, it has been investigated to device a novel design of distributed estimation algorithm which can tackle the problem of unreliable communication among multi-agents to achieve consensus on the average value of their initial values and must be capable of computing the total number of agents in the system under dynamically changing interaction topologies. A dynamically changing network topology is considered in this research with unreliable communication links, and four different scenarios are established to be analyzed for the proposed consensus-based distributed estimation algorithm. This study established a consensus for a dynamically changing interaction topology among agents, for addition of agents in the network with dynamically switching topology at any instant in communication, for removal of agents from the network with dynamically switching topology at any instant in communication, and for a fixed topology with link failure and a reconnection with the same agent after each iteration. The proposed algorithm paces up the rate of convergence by reducing the number of iteration, along with sure convergence of the designed algorithm using the concepts of stochastic differential equation theory, control system theory, algebraic graph theory, and algebraic matrix theory. Finally, in the end, simulation results are provided which are clear evidence to validate the effectiveness of theoretical results of the proposed algorithm in comparison to previously known consensus algorithms in terms of different performance parameters.
Connection looseness detection of steel grid structures using piezoceramic transducers
Authors: Yan Shi , Liu Weiling , Song Gangbing , Zhao Putian , Zhang Shuai
Published: February 2018

Connection looseness phenomena of steel grid structures might induce issues of lowering integrity, large deformation, even total collapse of the structures. The goal of this article is to propose an evaluation method for bolt-sphere joint looseness of steel grid structures using piezoceramic guided wave–based method through experiments and numerical simulations. A single bolt-sphere joint looseness experimental model is established and tested, considering grid member connection angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 180°, respectively. Then, multiple bolt-sphere joint looseness detection tests by selecting six kinds of cases for a steel grid structure model are performed. Piezoceramic patch arrays bonded on the surface of grid members are used as transducers to generate and receive detection guided waves, and external torques are applied to indirectly simulate the bolt-sphere joint looseness effect. The experimental results show that the bolt-sphere joint looseness impact on the ultrasonic wave energy attenuation has a nonlinear regularity. Based on the regularity, an evaluation method and key techniques for the bolt-sphere joint looseness detection based on guided wave energy are proposed and experimentally validated. To further clarify the bolt-sphere joint looseness detection mechanism, the ABAQUS software is used for a finite element analysis of the single bolt-sphere joint looseness evaluation. The numerical and experimental results match well, verifying the feasibility of the proposed method.
Energy and channel transmission management algorithm for resource harvesting body area networks
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Guo Lin , Zhang Deyu , Chen Xuehan
Published: February 2018

In body area networks, sustainable energy supply and reliable data transmission are important to prolong the service cycle and guarantee the quality of service. In this article, we build a system model to capture the stochastic processes in body area networks, including energy harvesting process, spectrum pricing process, and data sampling process. In the system model, energy harvesting technology and cognitive radio technology are adopted to provide green energy and improve transmission environment for body area networks. Based on the proposed model, we formulate an optimization problem of system utility maximization. Since this problem is a multi-objective mixed-integer problem under multiple restrictions, we decompose the problem into several subproblems by Lyapunov optimization theory. Based on this, we design an efficient online energy and channel transmission management algorithm to solve these subproblems and achieve a close-to-optimal system utility without any priori knowledge. We analyze the optimality of proposed algorithm and derive the required battery capacity and the size of data buffer. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Chinese automobile sales forecasting using economic indicators and typical domestic brand automobile sales data: A method based on econometric model
Authors: Gao Junjie , Xie Yanan , Cui Xiaomin , Yu Han , Gu Feng
Published: February 2018

Accurate sales forecasting plays an increasingly important role in automobile companies due to fierce market competition. In this article, an econometric model is proposed to analyze the dynamic connections among Chinese automobile sales, typical domestic brand automobile (Chery) sales, and economic variables. Four tests are required before modeling, which include unit root, weak exogeneity, cointegration, and Granger-causality test. The selected economic variables consist of consumer confidence index, steel production, consumer price index, and gasoline price. Monthly is used to empirical analysis and the result shows that there is long-term cointegration relationship between Chinese automobile sales and the endogenous variables. A vector error correction model in econometric based on cointegration is applied to quantify long-term impact of endogenous variables on Chinese automobile sales. Compared with other classical time-series methods, root mean square error (0.1243) and mean absolute percentage error (10.2015) by vector error correction model for 12-period forecasting are minimal. And the forecasting result is better when the impact of Chery sales is considered. That means that the fluctuation trends of Chinese automobile sales and typical domestic brand automobile sales are closely linked.
Robotics rehabilitation of the elbow based on surface electromyography signals
Authors: Tiboni Monica , Borboni Alberto , Faglia Rodolfo , Pellegrini Nicola
Published: February 2018

Physical rehabilitation based on robotic systems has the potential to cover the patient’s need of improvement of upper extremity functionalities. In this article, the state of the art of resistant and assistive upper limb exoskeleton robots and their control are thoroughly investigated. Afterward, a single-degree-of-freedom exoskeleton matching the elbow–forearm has been advanced to grant a valid rehabilitation therapy for persons with physical disability of upper limb motion. The authors have focused on the control system based on the use of electromyography signals as an input to drive the joint movement and manage the robotics arm. The correlation analysis between surface electromyography signal and the force exerted by the subject was studied in objects’ grasping tests with the purpose of validating the methodology. The authors developed an innovative surface electromyography force–based active control that adjusts the force exerted by the device during rehabilitation. The control was validated by an experimental campaign on healthy subjects simulating disease on an arm, with positive results that confirm the proposed solution and that open the way to future researches.
A numerical study on the influence of anchorage failure for a deep excavation retained by anchored pile walls
Authors: Zhao Wen , Han Jian-Yong , Chen Yang , Jia Peng-Jiao , Li Shen-Gang , Li Yi , Zhao Zhen
Published: February 2018

This article aims to study the mechanical behavior of a deep excavation occurring in sandy soils retained by anchored pile walls under anchorage failure conditions. The primary causes and types of anchorage failures are summarized. Based on an excavation case history, a numerical investigation is conducted using a PLAXIS-based finite element method to reveal the crucial mechanical behaviors of the retaining structure and soil layers as a result of different types of anchorage failures. According to the simulation results, the responses to anchorage failures are analyzed, and the safety coefficient for the retaining structure is presented. The analysis for this numerical work indicates that dangerous failure positions appear at the top of the pile wall or in the region near the excavation bottom. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is established to analyze the mechanical behaviors and the influence scopes of the retaining structure caused by individual anchor failures. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the bending moments and horizontal displacements in the wall, as well as on the prestress and internal forces in each of the row anchors, displacements, and plastic strains in the ground and stabilities of the deep excavation. Conclusions obtained from the numerical study can provide guidelines for good practices in the construction of anchored pile wall-retained excavations in sandy soil.
Clinical trial quality: From supervision to collaboration and beyond
Authors: Meeker-O’Connell Ann , Glessner Coleen
Published: February 2018

Over the past decade, clinical trial quality has evolved from an after-the-fact, reactive activity to one focused on the important work of evidence generation from well-designed trials. This article explores the role the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative has played in advancing quality as a core element of clinical trial design, through project work that initially focused on monitoring but evolved into a holistic, prospective, and comprehensive quality by design approach to clinical trial design and conduct.
Community detection and resilience in multi-source, multi-terminal networks
Authors: Rocco Claudio M , Barker Kash , Moronta Jose , Ramirez-Marquez Jose E
Published: February 2018

Many networks, particularly infrastructure networks, have multiple source nodes and multiple terminal nodes. And many such networks exhibit community structures, wherein the network is partitioned into groups of densely connected nodes with sparse connections between groups, based on topology or spatial characteristics, among others. This article proposes an approach for evaluating the effects of disruptive events, or the disconnection of network components due to failures or attacks, to the community structures and to the total network. The approach enables the assessment of resilience, evaluating both the vulnerability of the network and the recoverability enabled by different network restoration sequences. Different predefined restoration sequences are compared from different perspectives, including cost and strategy characteristics as well as resilience objectives (partial or complete restoration). The approach is illustrated with the topology of an electric power network.
Hand hygiene compliance monitoring in anaesthetics: Feasibility and validity
Authors: Jeanes A , Dick J , Coen P , Drey N , Gould DJ
Published: February 2018

Background:

Hand hygiene compliance scores in the anaesthetic department of an acute NHS hospital were persistently low.

Aims:

To determine the feasibility and validity of regular accurate measurement of HHC in anaesthetics and understand the context of care delivery, barriers and opportunities to improve compliance.

Methods:

The hand hygiene compliance of one anaesthetist was observed and noted by a senior infection control practitioner (ICP). This was compared to the World Health Organization five moments of hand hygiene and the organisation hand hygiene tool.

Findings:

In one sequence of 55 min, there were approximately 58 hand hygiene opportunities. The hand hygiene compliance rate was 16%. The frequency and speed of actions in certain periods of care delivery made compliance measurement difficult and potentially unreliable. During several activities, taking time to apply alcohol gel or wash hands would have put the patients at significant risk.

Discussion:

We concluded that hand hygiene compliance monitoring by direct observation was invalid and unreliable in this specialty. It is important that hand hygiene compliance is optimal in anaesthetics particularly before patient contact. Interventions which reduce environmental and patient contamination, such as cleaning the patient and environment, could ensure anaesthetists encounter fewer micro-organisms in this specialty.
Caring for the Student With Asthma at School: What’s Out There to Help the School Nurse?
Authors: Haas-Howard Christy , Schoessler Sally
Published: February 2018

Asthma is a high impact health issue in the school setting. One in 10 children comes to school with asthma, and it is the leading cause for absenteeism causing 13.8 million missed school days each year. Where can the school nurse turn for help? The following article provides evidence-based resources to assist school nurses in caring for their students with asthma.
Hhex induces promyelocyte self-renewal and cooperates with growth factor independence to cause myeloid leukemia in mice
Authors: Jackson Jacob T. , Ng Ashley P. , Shields Benjamin J. , Haupt Sue , Haupt Ygal , McCormack Matthew P.
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Overexpression of Hhex transcription factor blocks myeloid differentiation at the promyelocyte stage. Hhex cooperates with growth factor independence to elicit rapid promyelocytic leukemia in mice.
Do-not-resuscitate orders as part of advance care planning in patients with COPD
Authors: Raskin Jo , Vermeersch Kristina , Everaerts Stephanie , Van Bleyenbergh Pascal , Janssens Wim
Published: February 2018

There is growing awareness of the need for advance care planning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order implementation remains a challenge in clinical practice.

We retrospectively analysed an observational cohort of 569 COPD patients with 2.5–8 years of follow-up in secondary care, to evaluate potential determinants and the prognostic significance of DNR order implementation and specification.

345 patients (61%) had no DNR order, of whom 27% died during a median (interquartile range (IQR)) follow-up of 1935 (1290–2448) days. 194 (39%) patients had a DNR order, of whom 17 had the order at baseline and 82% died (median (IQR) follow-up 528 (137–901) days), while 177 received an order during follow-up and 76% died (median (IQR) follow-up 1322 (721–2018) days). 88% of DNR orders were implemented during hospitalisation. 58% of the patients with a DNR order died within the first year after admission; of them, 66% died in the hospital. Age, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, chronic oxygen dependency and previous mechanical ventilation were significantly and independently associated with DNR order implementation. DNR order specification was significantly associated with increased mortality, even after adjustment for age and disease severity.

These findings identify DNR orders as independent determinants of mortality, mainly implemented just before death.
Fluid therapy and outcome: a prospective observational study in 65 German intensive care units between 2010 and 2011
Authors: Ertmer Christian , Zwißler Bernhard , Van Aken Hugo , Christ Michael , Spöhr Fabian , Schneider Axel , Deisz Robert , Jacob Matthias
Published: February 2018

Background

Outcome data on fluid therapy in critically ill patients from randomised controlled trials may be different from data obtained by observational studies under “real-life” conditions. We conducted this prospective, observational study to investigate current practice of fluid therapy (crystalloids and colloids) and associated outcomes in 65 German intensive care units (ICUs). In total, 4545 adult patients who underwent intravenous fluid therapy were included. The main outcome measures were 90-day mortality, ICU mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI). Data were analysed using logistic and Cox regression models, as appropriate.

Results

In the predominantly post-operative overall cohort, unadjusted 90-day mortality was 20.1%. Patients who also received colloids (54.6%) had a higher median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II [25 (interquartile range 11; 41) vs. 17 (7; 31)] and incidence of severe sepsis (10.2 vs. 7.4%) on admission compared to patients who received exclusively crystalloids (45.4%). 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) was the most common colloid (57.0%). Crude rates of 90-day mortality were higher for patients who received colloids (OR 1.845 [1.560; 2.181]). After adjustment for baseline variables, the HR was 1.666 [1.405; 1.976] and further decreased to indicate no associated risk (HR 1.003 [0.980; 1.027]) when it was adjusted for vasopressor use, severity of disease and transfusions. Similarly, the crude risk of AKI was higher in the colloid group (crude OR 3.056 [2.528; 3.694]), after adjustment for baseline variables OR 1.941 [1.573; 2.397], and after full adjustment OR 0.696 [0.629; 0.770]), the risk of AKI turned out to be reduced. The same was true for the subgroup of patients treated with 6% HES 130/0.4 (crude OR 1.931 [1.541; 2.419], adjusted for baseline variables OR 2.260 [1.730; 2.953] and fully adjusted OR 0.800 [0.704; 0.910]) as compared to crystalloids only.

Conclusions

The present analysis of mostly post-operative patients in routine clinical care did not reveal an independent negative effect of colloids (mostly 6% HES 130/0.4) on renal function or survival after multivariable adjustment. Signals towards a reduced risk in subgroup analyses deserve further study.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01122277, registered May 11th, 2010
Auditory effects of autologous fat graft for TORP stabilization in the middle ear: A cadaveric study
Authors: Aron Margaret , Landry Thomas G. , Bance Manohar
Published: February 2018

Background

Total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP) are often used to re-establish ossicular coupling of sound in an ear lacking a stapes supra-structure. The use of TORPs, however, is associated with a 2/3 five year failure rate due to their anatomic instability over time in the middle ear. The use of autologous fat to try and stabilize TORPs may improve long-term results with this challenging ossicular reconstruction technique.

Methods

A cadaveric temporal bone model was developed and laser Doppler vibrometry was used to measure and record round window membrane vibration in response to sound stimulation under the following conditions: normal middle ear, middle ear filled with fat, normal middle ear with TORP prosthesis, TORP prosthesis with fat around its distal end and TORP prosthesis with fat filling the middle ear. Fourteen temporal bones were used.

Results

There was a significant decrease in round window membrane velocity after filling the middle ear with fat in both the normal middle ear (− 8.6 dB; p < 0.0001) and prosthesis conditions (− 13.7 dB; p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant drop in round window membrane velocity associated with using fat around the distal end of the TORP prosthesis as compared to the prosthesis without fat condition ( p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Autologous fat around the distal end of a TORP prosthesis may not be associated with any additional hearing loss, as demonstrated in this cadaveric model. The additional hearing loss potentially caused by using fat to completely surround the prosthesis and fill the middle ear is probably not clinically acceptable at this time, especially given the unknown way in which the fat will atrophy over time in this context.
Analysis of cognitive status in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gatckikh Irina V. , Petrova Marina M. , Veselova Olga F. , Shalda Tatyana P. , Narkevich Artem N. , Brickman Irina N.
Published: February 2018

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common complication of type 2 diabetes, greatly reduce the quality of life and daily functioning of patients, as well as have an impact on their compliance to therapy.
Aim: Explore the nature and frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes, their relation to carbohydrate metabolism.
Materials and methods: The study involved 113 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 4070 years, with disease duration of more than 12 months; Control group consisted of 33 persons, stateless persons with type 2 diabetes, matched by age, sex, level of education, the presence of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. The complex included a survey of clinical and laboratory tests, instrumental, neuropsychological testing. To screen for cognitive impairment used by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MоСа test), for the study of the frontal functions FAB (frontal dysfunction battery).
Results: The study of cognitive impairment were diagnosed in 53,1 9,2% of patients with type 2 diabetes, which is statistically significantly higher than in those in the control group 15,2 12,2%. In patients with type 2 diabetes prevailed violations fronto-subcortical type with a reduction in short-term memory function, attention and constructive praxis. Cognitive impairment correlated with indices of carbohydrate metabolism (HbA1c, fasting glucose), disease duration 7 [5, 12] years and the patient's.
Conclusions: These data confirm the impact of hyperglycemia as a major pathogenic factor and duration of the disease on the formation and progression of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Oxidative stress in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kapustin Roman V. , Arzhanova Olga N. , Tiselko Alena V.
Published: February 2018

Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in embryo development, implantation, placentation, fetal development and labour. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increase in OS processes. However, the expression of OS biomarkers in pregnant women with DM remains unclear. Based on a literature review, the features of the pro- and anti-oxidant systems of pregnant women with different types of DM have been established. Pregnancy in patients with DM has been shown to be characterised by an activation of OS processes. This leads to an overexpression of free radicals (peroxynitrite), toxic derivatives (malonic dialdehyde, 8-isoprostane) and specific enzymes (asymmetric dimethylarginine, catalase) and a decrease in the synthesis of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and uric acid). The modified expression of these biomarkers is observed both in the blood and the placenta of pregnant women. These disorders can cause an unfavourable course of pregnancy, abnormal development of the placenta and development of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with DM. Nevertheless, given the inconsistency of data obtained, further scientific studies are needed to clarify this issue.
Use of telemedicine improves glycemic control and quality of life in type 1 diabetes children on insulin pump therapy
Authors: Laptev Dmitry N. , Peterkova Valentina A.
Published: February 2018

Rationale: Healthcare access plays a significant role in the improvement and maintaining of glycemic control and quality of life in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).
Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of remote support in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its effect on glycemic control and quality of life.
Materials and methods: In 40 children and adolescents (132,7 years, 18/22 m/f) on CSII with inadequately controlled T1DM (HbA1c7,5%) we evaluated the effectiveness of telemedical support (TS), as compared with conventional support (CS). Parameters of glycemic control (HbA1c, average glycemia, SD, etc.) and quality of a life were obtained on follow-up visits. Patients and their parents in ТМ group twice a month sent their insulin pump data using to CSII center and diabetologists sent back their advice via e-mail, phone or Skype. The primary end point was the change from the baseline HbA1c level and the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c of less than 7.5%.
Results: At 24 weeks, the baseline mean HbA1c (8.7% in the two study groups) had decreased to 7.7% in the TS group, as compared with 8.4% in the CS group (P0,05). The proportion of patients who reached the HbA1c target (7,5%) was greater in the TS group (50%) than in the CS group (20%, p0,05). A number of quality of life indicators for both parents and children with T1DM at the end of the study compared to baseline significantly increased in the TS group compared with the TC group (p0.05). During the study period rate of severe hypoglycemia and DKA in TS group (0 and 10 cases per 100 person-years) did not differ significantly from that in CS group (0 and 20 cases per 100 person-years, P0,05).
Conclusion: In children with inadequately controlled T1DM, telemedical support proved to be feasible and resulted in significant improvement in glucose control (HbA1c, glucose variability) and quality of life without the increase in the incidence of DKA and severe glycemia.
Treatment of helicobacter pylori contamination in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with gastroduodenal disorders
Authors: Fedorchenko Yuri L. , Martynuk Marina V.
Published: February 2018

Background: The treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in patients with diabetes mellitus with chronic gastroduodenal disorders is a substantial problem because of its high incidence.
Aims: To compare between the effectiveness of triple and optimised consecutive regimens in anti-HP treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with gastroduodenal disorders.
Materials and methods: The study included 54 patients with diabetes mellitus and 64 healthy individuals (the control group) aged 3060 years. Gastroduodenal pathology was confirmed by gastroduodenoscopy; HР contamination was confirming using Marshalls urease method or by finding bacterial antigen in excrements. We studied the dynamics of clinical manifestations using the GSRS scale and showed remission via endoscopy and the effectiveness of HР eradication. We also analysed the effects of anti-HР therapy regimens on the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBOS) in patients with diabetes mellitus. SIBOS was diagnosed via the respiratory hydrogen method.
Results: The use of an optimised consecutive regimen resulted in HР eradication in 85.7% of patients with diabetes mellitus compared with a 65.3% eradication in patients on the triple therapy. Moreover, clinical improvement and endoscopy-confirmed remission were more frequently observed in patients on the optimised consecutive regimen. A statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with SIBOS was found only in patients who underwent the optimised consecutive therapy regimen.
Conclusions: This study showed that the optimised consecutive therapy regimen was more effective than the triple therapy in HP eradication.
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a potential therapeutic target in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and associated syndromes
Authors: Bogolyubova Apollinariya V. , Mayorov Alexander Y. , Mishina Ekaterina E. , Schwartz Anton M. , Belousov Pavel V.
Published: February 2018

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of obesity-associated pathological changes characterized by abnormal accumulation of lipids in cells of the liver parenchyma. NAFLD and associated conditions, namely insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus (DM2), as well as the possible risks of developing fibrosis and cirrhosis with a potential outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma, represent the primary health problems in developed countries, gradually replacing the importance of similar pathologies caused by the regular use of hepatotoxic doses of alcoholic beverages. Recent fundamental and clinical studies demonstrated the important role of the farnesoid receptor (FXR, NR1H4) in the regulation of the metabolism of glucose, lipids and bile acids. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the role of FXR (NR1H4) in the biology of this disease, and the prospects for using different FXR (NR1H4) modulators for therapy of NAFLD and associated conditions such as metabolic syndrome and DM2, as well as a number of other FXR (NR1H4) mediated diseases.
Diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents according to the Federal diabetes registry in the Russian Federation: dynamics of major epidemiological characteristics for 2013–2016
Authors: Dedov Ivan I. , Shestakova Marina V. , Peterkova Valentina A. , Vikulova Olga K. , Zheleznyakova Anna V. , Isakov Mikhail А. , Laptev Dmitry N. , Andrianova Ekaterina A. , Shiryaeva Tatyana Y.
Published: February 2018

Background: The data of the register is the main source of up-to-date information about patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Its very important for improving the quality of medical care organization.
Aims: to analyze the main epidemiological DM characteristics in Russian Federation (RF) (prevalence, incidence, mortality) in children and adolescents, to assess the dynamics of these parameters for the period 2013 2016, to analyze the status of compensation for carbohydrate metabolism, therapy of DM1, prevalence of diabetic complications and the reasons for hospitalizations in these age groups.
Materials and methods: The database of Federal DM registry of 81 regions was included in the online system.
Results: The total number of patients under the age of 18 with DM in RF on 31.12.2016 was 33081 people, there were 95,9% (31727 people) with DM1 and 4,1% (1354 patients) with DM2. The prevalence of DM1 in 20132016 in children: 81.0 91.4 / 100 ths., in adolescents 212,8209,5 / 100 ths. The DM1 incidence/100 thousand population in 2016 in children was 14,2/100 ths., in adolescents 10,0/100 ths. HbA1c levels in DM1 was in children: 7,5% in 32%, 7,69,0% in 33%, 9% in 35% of the patients; in adolescents 7,5% in 25%, 7,69,0% in 30%, 9% in 45% of the patients. Among complications in children and adolescents with DM1, diabetic neuropathy is the most often recorded (in 10,9% of cases and 40,8%, respectively); among DM2 patients, diabetic neuropathy is registered in 4,7% and 8,8% in children and adolescents, respectively. There are associated diseases in DM2 patients arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. 43,8% of children and 49,2% of adolescents were hospitalized in the anamnesis, most hospitalizations in 2016 (children 71,9%, adolescents 67,1%) were due to diabetes.
Conclusions: It is established that in the dynamics of 20132016 the prevalence of DM1 in children continues to increase, with relatively stable indicators in adolescents. According to the register, during last two years there has been a decrease in the incidence of DM1 and, on the contrary, an increase in the prevalence/incidence of DM2 in children. Significant interregional differences in the level of incidence/prevalence have been established, especially in regions located in various geographic regions of the RF. The frequency of diabetic complications in children and adolescents with diabetes varies. There is an association of hospitalizations with higher HbA1c level. In the structure of therapy of this age group the ratio of insulin therapy in syringes-pens and pump therapy is 80.9% / 15.1% according to the register.