bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistence in the Short- and Long-Term Tourist Arrivals to Australia
Authors: George Assaf A. , Pestana Barros Carlos , Gil-Alana Luis A.
Published: May 2010

This study examines the persistence in the international monthly tourist arrivals to Australia by using a variety of models based on fractional integration and seasonal autoregressions. The results based on disaggregated monthly data indicate that the series are on average mean reverting, though highly persistent, and present intense seasonal patterns. A forecasting performance of several competing models was also conducted, and it was concluded that the models based on long-range dependence outperform other more standard ones based on nonseasonal and seasonal unit roots. The model based on long memory at zero and the seasonal frequencies seems to be the most accurate in this context. More detailed analysis of the results is also derived.
Exploring the Nature of Tourism and Quality of Life Perceptions among Residents
Authors: Andereck Kathleen L. , Nyaupane Gyan P.
Published: May 2010

Research on resident attitudes toward tourism has been under way for many years. Implicit in this research is the precept that tourism influences people’s quality of life (QOL). Few studies, however, have directly investigated residents’ perception of the impact tourism has on their QOL, and relationships between QOL perceptions and support for tourism in the community. This study is an attempt to go beyond attitude research and explicitly consider tourism’s influence on QOL. A mail survey was conducted with a random sample of residents throughout Arizona. The questionnaire included three sets of scales combined into an index to measure perceived QOL impacts of tourism. Eight QOL domains were developed. In addition, further analysis found that perceived personal benefit derived from tourism mediated the effect of the economic aspects of QOL, contact with tourists, and employment in tourism on the perceptions of the role of tourism in the local economy.
When Self-Affirmations Reduce Defensiveness: Timing Is Key
Authors: Critcher Clayton R. , Dunning David , Armor David A.
Published: May 2010

Research on self-affirmation has shown that simple reminders of self-integrity reduce people’s tendency to respond defensively to threat. Recent research has suggested it is irrelevant whether the self-affirmation exercise takes place before or after the threat or the individual’s defensive response to it, supposedly because the meaning of threats is continuously reprocessed. However, four experiments revealed that affirmations may be effective only when introduced prior to the initiation of a defensive response. Affirmations introduced before threatening feedback reduced defensive responding; affirming after a threat was effective in reducing defensiveness only if the defensive conclusion had yet to be reached. Even though threats may activate a defensive motivation, the authors’ results suggest that defensive responses may not be spontaneous and may be prompted only when suggested by the dependent measures themselves. This explains why some affirmations positioned after threats are effective in reducing defensiveness. Implications for self-affirmation theory are discussed.
Review: Symptom clusters: myth or reality?
Authors: Aktas Aynur , Walsh Declan , Rybicki Lisa
Published: May 2010

Clinical experience suggests that many symptoms occur together. In this paper, we examine the rationale and evidence base for symptom clusters in different medical fields, particularly the cluster phenomenon in cancer. Cancer symptom clusters are a reality. Various symptoms that cluster clinically have also been verified statistically. Specific clusters such as nausea—vomiting, anxiety—depression, and cough—dyspnea are evident on both clinical observation and in research investigation. Fatigue—pain and fatigue—insomnia—pain have also been demonstrated statistically as clusters. Another proposed cluster ‘depression—fatigue—pain’ seems relevant to clinical practice. Other clusters may serve only as theoretical models that illustrate possible common biological etiologies in cancer; they need to be validated in future research. Analysis of the literature is complicated by considerable inconsistencies across studies. Discrepancies between clinically defined and statistically obtained clusters raise important questions. We must consider the analytical techniques used, and how methodology might influence cluster occurrence and composition. Further research is warranted to establish universally accepted statistical methods and assessment tools for symptom cluster research.
Use of Positive Behavior Support to Address the Challenging Behavior of Young Children Within a Community Early Childhood Program
Authors: Blair Kwang-Sun Cho , Fox Lise , Lentini Rochelle
Published: May 2010

This study examined the effects yielded from the implementation of assessment-based behavior support plans on the engagement and problem behavior of three young children with behavioral challenges in a community early childhood program. A concurrent multiple-baseline design across children with generalization probes was used with data collected during targeted and nontargeted routines, in phases with different staff members, and in new classroom settings. The results indicated that implementation of the individualized behavior support plan by teaching staff resulted in higher levels of engagement and a reduction in challenging behavior. Teachers generalized the use of intervention strategies to nontrained routines resulting in improvements in the children’s target behaviors within those routines. Follow-up probes for two of the children indicated that changes in behavior were maintained in new classroom settings. These findings support the efficacy of the implementation of behavior support plans that are assessment based by early educators within a community-based preschool program.
Effect of Femoral Tunnel Length on the Safety of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Fixation Using Cross-Pin Technique
Authors: Gelber Pablo Eduardo , Reina Francisco , Torres Raúl , Monllau Juan Carlos
Published: May 2010

Background: A more oblique placement of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft has been related to better control of rotatory knee stability. Femoral fixation with a transverse system might injure its posterolateral structures.

Hypothesis: A cross-pin system, originally developed for transtibial reconstruction of the ACL, can safely be used when creating a lower femoral tunnel through the anteromedial portal. However, a long femoral tunnel must be created to protect the posterolateral structures of the knee.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: An ACL was arthroscopically reconstructed with a hamstring graft in 22 fresh cadaveric knees. The femoral tunnel was anatomically drilled in all cases. Knee flexion angle was set at 110°. Femoral fixation was performed with a cross-pin system. A 30-mm-long femoral tunnel was created in 11 knees (group A). In the remaining 11 knees, the femoral tunnel was drilled as long as each lateral condyle permitted (group B). For both groups, the relationships were compared between the cross-pin and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), popliteus tendon, articular cartilage, and peroneal nerve.

Results: In 5 cases of group A, the cross-pin was placed either through the LCL or between the LCL and popliteus tendon, whereas in group B it was always posterior to the LCL ( P = .035). The cross-pin was closer to the articular cartilage in group A than in group B (7.14 mm versus 16.9 mm; P < .001). The minimal distance to the peroneal nerve in all specimens was 23.89 mm.

Conclusion: Hamstring graft fixation with a cross-pin system from the anteromedial portal with a 30-mm femoral tunnel presents a higher risk of injury to the LCL. The femoral tunnel should be drilled as long as possible.

Clinical Relevance: A long femoral tunnel is required for safe transverse femoral fixation in an anatomical ACL reconstruction.
Influence of water hardness on acute toxicity of copper and zinc on fish
Authors: Ebrahimpour Mohammad , Alipour Hosain , Rakhshah Solaiman
Published: May 2010

The aim of this study was to utilize static test for examining the acute toxicity of two essential elements, Cu and Zn, to a native fish, Capoeta fusca, by static bioassay. The acute toxicity of two heavy metals to C. fusca was determined in the soft, hard and very hard water (40, 150 and 380 mg/L as CaCO3). Results showed that toxicity of Cu and Zn decreased with increasing water hardness, so that water hardness had a significant effect on Cu and Zn toxicity on fish. Copper and Zn were more toxic in the soft water than in the hard water. The 96-hour lethal concentration for 50% (LC50) values for C. fusca were lower in the soft water compared with the hard and very hard water. The 96-hour LC50 for Cu at the soft, hard and very hard water was found to be 1.1, 5.4 and 7.5 mg/L, respectively, while the 96-hour LC50 for Zn at the soft, hard and very hard water was found to be 13.7, 74.4 and 102.9 mg/L, respectively.
High-altitude medicines: A short-term genotoxicity study
Authors: Ghosh Manosij , Biswas Dhrubojyoti , Mukherjee Anita
Published: May 2010

People live in the mountains distributed across the world and are exposed to reduced inspired oxygen and lower barometric pressure along with other factors that lead to high-altitude diseases. The present study was conducted to examine what extent of marketed medicines used in the management of high-altitude sickness has been tested for their genotoxic activity. Comet assay or the single-cell gel electrophoresis was utilized to evaluate genotoxicity of the six medicines on human peripheral whole blood cells and isolated lymphocytes at the concentrations 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL. The comet assay endpoints included percentage Tail DNA (% Tail DNA) and olive tail moment (OTM) as they were considered to be sensitive and reliable scores across different laboratories. The results show that dexamethasone, deriphylline and furosemide can induce significant DNA damage in human whole blood and lymphocytes alike. Acetazolamide, ibuprofen and nifedipine show no genotoxic effect, neither on human whole blood nor on human lymphocytes. Taking into account the results of genotoxicity, it will be a prudent choice to restrict the use of these compounds for longer periods, until more information on the in vitro mutagenicity and in vivo genotoxicity studies are available.
Low-level hydrogen sulfide and central nervous system dysfunction
Authors: Kilburn Kaye H , Thrasher Jack D , Gray Michael R
Published: May 2010

Forty-nine adults living in Lovington, Tatum, and Artesia, the sour gas/oil sector of Southeastern New Mexico, were tested for neurobehavioral impairment. Contributing hydrogen sulfide were (1) an anaerobic sewage plant; (2) two oil refineries; (3) natural gas/oil wells and (4) a cheese-manufacturing plant and its waste lagoons. Comparisons were to unexposed Wickenburg, Arizona, adults. Neurobehavioral functions were measured in 26 Lovington adults including 23 people from Tatum and Artesia, New Mexico, and 42 unexposed Arizona people. Participants completed questionnaires including chemical exposures, symptom frequencies and the Profile of Mood States. Measurements included balance, reaction time, color discrimination, blink reflex, visual fields, grip strength, hearing, vibration, problem solving, verbal recall, long-term memory, peg placement, trail making and fingertip number writing errors (FTNWE). Average numbers of abnormalities and test scores were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, height and weight, expressed as percent predicted (% pred) and compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Ages and educational attainment of the three groups were not statistically significantly different (ssd). Mean values of Lovington residents were ssd from the unexposed Arizona people for simple and choice reaction times, balance with eyes open and closed, visual field score, hearing and grip strength. Culture Fair, digit symbol substitution, vocabulary, verbal recall, peg placement, trail making A and B, FTNWE, information, picture completion and similarities were also ssd. The Lovington adults who averaged 11.8 abnormalities were ssd from, Tatum—Artesia adults who had 3.6 and from unexposed subjects with 2.0. Multiple source community hydrogen sulfide exposures impaired neurobehavioral functions.
Sodium metabisulfite induces lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in rat gastric tissue
Authors: Ercan Sevim , Öztürk Nihal , Celik-Ozenci Ciler , Gungor Nazli Ece , Yargicoglu Piraye
Published: May 2010

Sodium metabisulfite (Na 2S2O5) is used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and functions as a preservative in many food preparations. This study was performed to elucidate the dose-dependent effects of sodium metabisulfite ingestion on rat gastric tissue apoptotic changes and lipid peroxidation. Forty male wistar rats, aged 3 months were used. They were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), the group treated with Na2S2O5 (10 mg/kg; S1), the group treated with Na2S2O5 (100 mg/kg; S2), the group treated with Na2S2O5 (260 mg/kg; S3). Na 2S2O5 was given by intragastric intubation for 35 days. In the S2 and S3 groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased markedly when compared with the control group. High doses of sulfite administration elevated number of apoptotic cells both in mucosa and submucosa layers of stomach in parallel with increased MDA levels. These results suggest that sodium metabisulfite increased lipid peroxidation and thus number of apoptotic cells on gastric tissue in dose-dependent manner.
Beneficial effect of erdosteine on methotrexate-induced testicular toxicity in mice
Authors: Oktar Süleyman , Gökçe Ahmet , Aydin Mehmet , Davarci Mürsel , Meydan Sedat , Oztürk Oktay Hasan , Koç Ahmet
Published: May 2010

Methotrexate is used to treat certain types of cancer of the breast, skin, head and neck, or lung. Methotrexate can cause serious or life-threatening side effects on liver, lungs, kidneys, and immune system. Methotrexate chemotherapy causes testicular damage in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of erdosteine on testicular toxicity of methotrexate in mice. Twenty-six male mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, control; group 2, erdosteine-treated; group 3, methotrexate-treated; and group 4, methotrexate + erdosteine treated. On the first day of experiment, a single dose of methotrexate was intraperitoneally administered to groups 3 and 4, although a daily single dose of erdosteine was orally administered to group 2 and 4 for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the testes of the animals were removed and weighed. The levels of total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress, and myeloperoxidase activity in the methotrexate group were higher than the control group (p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation levels were not changed in methotrexate group compared with control group. In conclusion, erdosteine could effectively protect the testes in methotrexate-induced toxicity.
In vitro time- and dose-effect response of JP-8 and S-8 jet fuel on alveolar type II epithelial cells of rats
Authors: Robb Tiffany M , Rogers Michael J , Woodward Suann S , Wong Simon S , Witten Mark L
Published: May 2010

This study was designed to characterize and compare the effects of jet propellant-8 (JP-8) fuel and synthetic-8 (S-8) on cell viability and nitric oxide synthesis in cultured alveolar type II epithelial cells of rats. Exposure times varied from 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 6 hours at the following concentrations of jet fuel: 0.0, 0.1, 0.4, and 2.0 µg/mL. Data indicate that JP-8 presents a gradual decline in cell viability and steady elevation in nitric oxide release as exposure concentrations increase. At a 2.0 µg/mL concentration of JP-8, nearly all of the cells are not viable. Moreover, S-8 exposure to rat type II lung cells demonstrated an abrupt fall in percentage cell viability and increases in nitric oxide measurement, particularly after the 2.0 µg/mL was reached at 1 and 6 hours. At 0.0, 0.2, and 0.4 µg/mL concentrations of S-8, percentage viability was sustained at steady concentrations. The results suggest different epithelial toxicity and mechanistic effects of S-8 and JP-8, providing further insight concerning the impairment imposed at specific levels of lung function and pathology induced by the different fuels.
Upper Extremity Function and Occupational Performance in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Following Lower Extremity Botulinum Toxin Injections
Authors: Keren-Capelovitch Tal , Jarus Tal , Fattal-Valevski Aviva
Published: May 2010

We studied the effect of botulinum toxin A injections to the lower extremities of spastic cerebral palsy children on upper limb body function and occupational performance. A total of 16 children with spastic cerebral palsy, aged 2 to 8 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-IV, referred to a child neurology outpatient clinic for botulinum toxin A injections to the lower limbs, underwent 4 assessments: 1 month prior to injection, immediate pre injection, and at 1 and 5 to 6 months post injection. Three tools were used to test everyday function (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory) and upper extremity body function (Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test). Significant improvement was documented between the immediate preinjection and the 2 postinjection assessments, indicating that improvement lasted for at least 6 months. Botulinum toxin A injections to the lower extremities in children with cerebral palsy improve upper limb body function and occupational performance.
Angioplasty for Acute Stroke With Pediatric Moyamoya Syndrome
Authors: El-Hakam Lisa Michael , Volpi John , Mawad Michel , Clark Gary
Published: May 2010

Moyamoya vasculopathy is a progressive, occlusive vasculopathy leading to ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. No treatments are established to treat acute ischemic stroke with moyamoya vasculopathy. A 3-year-old girl with moyamoya syndrome developed acute left hemiplegia. Emergent angiography showed near-occlusion of the supraclinoid segment of the right internal carotid artery. Balloon angioplasty was performed within 6 hours of symptom onset, with significant improvement in the child’s neurological symptoms. This is the youngest case of intracranial balloon angioplasty, and this article discusses the paucity of data regarding angioplasty and other forms of endovascular intervention in pediatric cerebrovascular disease and moyamoya vasculopathy. Further study is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of endovascular intervention in these diseases.
Childhood Victimization and Crime Victimization
Authors: McIntyre Jared Kean , Spatz Widom Cathy
Published: May 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine whether abused and neglected children are at increased risk for subsequent crime victimization. We ask four basic questions: (a) Does a history of child abuse/neglect increase one’s risk of physical, sexual, and property crime victimization? (b) Do lifestyle characteristics (prostitution, running away, homelessness, criminal history, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse) increase a person’s risk for crime victimization? (c) Do lifestyle characteristics mediate the relationship between child abuse/ neglect and crime victimization? (d) Do these relationships vary by a person’s sex or race/ethnicity? Using data from a prospective cohort design study, children with documented histories of physical and sexual abuse and/or neglect ( n = 497) were matched with nonabused and nonneglected children ( n = 395), followed up, and interviewed in middle adulthood (approximate age 39.5). Logistic and ordinary least square regressions were conducted to assess risk for crime victimization and test for mediation. Child abuse and/ or neglect increased a person’s risk for physical (OR = 2.56, p < .001) and sexual (OR = 2.28, p < .001) but not for property crime victimization. For the sample overall, running away served as a partial mediator between child abuse and neglect and physical and sexual crime victimization. In addition, results revealed sex and race/ethnicity differences in patterns of mediation. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Toward an Integrative Theoretical Framework for Explaining Beliefs About Wife Beating: A Study Among Students of Nursing From Turkey
Authors: Haj-Yahia Muhammad M. , Uysal Aynur
Published: May 2010

An integrative theoretical framework was tested as the basis for explaining beliefs about wife beating among Turkish nursing students. Based on a survey design, 406 nursing students (404 females) in all 4 years of undergraduate studies completed a self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed and collected from the participants during their attendance of core courses. The results revealed that between 8% and 27% of the students expressed some level of willingness to justify wife beating, between 8% and 11% showed a tendency to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and between 10% and about 29% indicated that battered women are responsible for their beating. However, more than 88% of the students expressed willingness to help battered women, more than 63% of them indicated that violent husbands are responsible for their behavior, and about 28% or more showed a tendency to support punishing violent husbands. The results also indicated that significant amounts of the variance in the students’ beliefs about wife beating can be attributed to their patriarchal ideology, to their exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence, and to their traumatic symptoms. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research on the topic. Emphasis is placed on developing a more integrative theoretical approach for explaining beliefs about wife beating, and on the professional socialization of nursing students.
On the Origin of Watchers: A Comparative Study of the Antediluvian Wisdom in Mesopotamian and Jewish Traditions
Authors: Annus Amar
Published: May 2010

In the article, it is argued that the origin of Watchers derives from the Mesopotamian mythology of the antediluvian sages ( apkallus). More precisely, it is proposed that the mythology of Watchers and their sons the giants derived from inverted versions of various Mesopotamian myths and beliefs about apkallus. On some layers of Mesopotamian mythology and ritual practices, the sages were already regarded as dangerous and potentially malicious creatures, upon which the Jewish authors could build their parody. Among other associations, the apkallus had strong ties to Mesopotamian demonology, and they were occasionally counted as evil beings, capable of witchcraft. This shows that the wickedness of antediluvian teachers of humankind in Jewish sources was not wholly an inversion of the Mesopotamian traditions by Jewish scholars, but was partly taken from already existing trends in Mesopotamian demonology.
Changes and trends in debris-flow frequency since AD 1850: Results from the Swiss Alps
Authors: Bollschweiler Michelle , Stoffel Markus
Published: May 2010

Although studies have repeatedly focused on feedbacks and impacts of climate change on mass movements in the past, the inter-relations between climatic variables and debris-flow occurrence remain widely unclear and ambiguous to date. Most studies on past debris-flow occurrence remained rather isolated reconstructions for single torrents or they were restricted to short time periods. It is therefore the aim of this study to provide a regional chronology of past debris-flow events for the Zermatt Valley (Swiss Alps) and to go beyond the simple dating of events. Based on tree-ring reconstructed debris-flow histories of eight torrents, we shed light on changes and trends in debris-flow occurrence, climatic conditions prevailing during events and on potential evolutions in a future climate. Based on the analysis of tree-ring records of 2467 conifers (mainly Larix decidua and Picea abies), 417 events between AD 1600 and 2009 were assessed. Decadal frequencies suggest peaks in debris-flow activity after the end of the ‘Little Ice Age’ and for the period 1920—1929. In contrast, activity was rather low during the most recent part of the record (2000—2009), which is in concert with the observed decrease in the number of triggering rainfall events. Long-term trends in debris-flow occurrence were analysed for three time intervals of the period 1850-2009 with Student’s t-tests. For the debris-flow frequency of the entire valley, no significant trends can be observed over the last 150 years. We conclude that the occurrence of debris flows would depend on short-term changes in triggering rainfall rather than on long-term climatic changes.
Private Health Care Option: Disability Management in Canada
Authors: Gelinas Sylvie , Wagner Shannon Lynn , Harder Henry
Published: May 2010

Timely access to health care has become a leading concern for many Canadians. At the center of the debate lies the more volatile issue of whether some diagnostic procedures and surgeries should be completed at private health care facilities rather than through the public system. This article provides review and discussion regarding the risks and benefits involved in the use of private health care options, in particular with respect to musculoskeletal illness/injury. The authors conclude that employers considering the use of privately funded options for employees should evaluate this decision carefully and contemplate seeking advice from legal and ethical experts prior to implementation.
Identification of Electro-mechanical Actuators within Limited Stroke
Authors: Shyu K.-K. , Lee Y.-Y.
Published: May 2010

This paper presents a novel method for estimating the parameters of electro-mechanical systems, or known as actuators, within limited stroke. Identification of actuators with unlimited stroke is an ordinary problem in control applications. However, in identifying parameters of the actuator like the viscous damping coefficient, the Coulomb friction torque, and the equivalent moment of inertia reflected to the motor side, the mechanism with limited stroke is involved and the identification problem becomes more complicated. In this paper, a simple and straightforward method is developed to resolve this problem. A sequence of pulses with various levels is designed to estimate the viscous damping coefficient and the Coulomb friction torque within the limited stroke of the actuator. Then an optimal algorithm based on the interior-reflective Newton method is applied to search the moment of inertia of the overall system. It is demonstrated in the simulation examples that even when the velocity profile is calculated directly from the first difference of the sampled position and is corrupted by highly amplified noise, the proposed method can still find the moment of inertia with error less than 1%. Simulation and experimental results are both presented indicating the practical viability of the proposed approach.
Simulations and Experimental Investigations on Residual Vibration Suppression of Electromagnetically Actuated Structures Using Command Shaping Methods
Authors: Chen Kuo-Shen , Ou Kuang-Shun
Published: May 2010

The energy-based nonlinear command shaper developed by the authors has been used in this paper to suppress the motion-induced vibration of an electromagnetically actuated flexible structure. Both finite element dynamic simulation and experimental investigation are performed and demonstrated. The results indicate that the performance of the energy-based nonlinear shapers is much superior to that of the traditional linear design such as zero-vibration and zero-vibration-and derivative shapers. However, based on the result of the finite element simulation and its equivalent lumped modeling, it can also be found that the existence of higher order modes would involve the energy interactions which result in slight residual vibration in steady state and cause the sensitivity curves to be slightly deviated from that of their single degree-of-freedom model. Nevertheless, the performance is still acceptable for real applications. Using the concept of system analogy and dimensional analysis, the conclusions obtained from this study would be naturally applicable to electrostatically actuated MEMS structures.
The Creation of Fiction to Share Other Truths and Different Viewpoints: A Creative Journey and an Interpretive Process
Authors: Vickers Margaret H.
Published: May 2010

This article explores and shares the creative journey and interpretive process I experienced when creating fiction as a qualitative researcher. I seek to accomplish three things: (a) to articulate the process of creation and interpretation; (b) to revisit the burgeoning literature that argues for the use of fiction and other poetic, artistic writing as useful contributions to scholarly research; and (c) to show how the creation of fiction can usefully show other truths and different viewpoints.
Gratitude
Authors: Earls Larrison Tara
Published: May 2010

This poem represents an autoethnographic reflection of my experiences as a participant-observer in a graduate-level qualitative research course. Infusing words of the participants along with my own self-reflective understanding of the dialogical and experiential processes of the classroom space, the poem attempts to evoke response and encourage tact understanding. Through experimental writing, my effort seeks to capture the emotional resonance that exists when understanding and human connection intersect. I hope to offer a glimpse into understanding the pedagogical processes which encourage insight and reflective practice and where learning and growth take form.
Outcome Expectancy and Self-Efficacy: Theoretical Implications of an Unresolved Contradiction
Authors: Williams David M.
Published: May 2010

According to self-efficacy theory, self-efficacy—defined as perceived capability to perform a behavior—causally influences expected outcomes of behavior, but not vice versa. However, research has shown that expected outcomes causally influence self-efficacy judgments, and some authors have argued that this relationship invalidates self-efficacy theory. Bandura has rebutted those arguments saying that self-efficacy judgments are not invalidated when influenced by expected outcomes. This article focuses on a contradiction in Bandura’s rebuttal. Specifically, Bandura has argued (a) expected outcomes cannot causally influence self-efficacy, but (b) self-efficacy judgments remain valid when causally influenced by expected outcomes. While the debate regarding outcome expectancies and self-efficacy has subsided in recent years, the inattention to this contradiction has led to a disproportionate focus on self-efficacy as a causal determinant of behavior at the expense of expected outcomes.
Being ‘at home’ in the nation: Hospitality and sovereignty in talk about immigration
Authors: Bell Avril
Published: May 2010

The discourse of hospitality is widely used as a way of making sense of the relationships between ‘natives’ and ‘newcomers’ established by immigration. While at first glance this seems a generous and benign system of meaning to apply to relations of immigration, the reality is more complex than this initial view suggests. Relations of hospitality are power relations in which the sovereignty of the host and their possession of the national ‘homeland’ are asserted over new arrivals. These relationships are complicated further in the case of settler societies, such as New Zealand, where the role of host has been usurped by the settler community. Drawing on the analysis of interview data with young white New Zealanders, in this article I highlight the power relations of hospitality and draw attention to both the value and limitations of this discourse in making sense of relations of immigration in the longer term.
Male genital mutilation: Beyond the tolerable?
Authors: Johnson Matthew
Published: May 2010

For liberals like Martha Nussbaum, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has come to mark the boundary of toleration. By impairing physical, sexual and psychological functioning, the likes of Nussbaum believe the non-western practice to fulfil, most clearly, the conditions for proscription according to the harm principle. However, those same liberals assume the western practice of male circumcision, generally, to be benign or, even, necessary. As there is seen to be no harm, there is no reason to intervene. I argue that this assumption is erroneous, highlighting evidence that suggests that, according to the criteria of sexual diminution, pain and coercion employed by liberals to criticize FGM, circumcision can be viewed as a harmful act of Male Genital Mutilation (MGM). I highlight the qualitative similarities in the harmfulness of FGM and MGM in order to establish in Nussbaum an empirical and, I argue, ethnocentric oversight in which the criteria of harm are inadequately applied to the latter. I then attempt to identify the obstacles to Nussbaum’s recognition of this harm, arguing that she is party to culturally constituted beliefs in the medical and sexual necessity of the practice and, importantly, the methodological tenet of gender oppression. Having attempted to explain obstacles to the recognition of harm, I then consider the possibility that Nussbaum’s inconsistency is grounded in toleration of religious obligation, arguing that MGM should stimulate certain liberals to reconsider their engagement with theology. My aim is to enable liberals to overcome, often justifiable, claims of ethnocentricity, in order to develop a consistent approach to harmful cultural practices.
From Appearance to Exposure
Authors: Armstrong Philip
Published: May 2010

Moving between references to appearance, co-appearance and exposure in the writings of Jean-Luc Nancy, this article turns on the ways in which Nancy rethinks a number of key phenomenological concepts and so touches on the limits of the phenomenological tradition. Foregrounding Nancy’s frequent appeal to questions of evidence, and situating the term in light of Husserl’s writings as well as those writing in his wake, the article offers a reading of Nancy’s photo-essay ‘Georges’ and of his book on Abbas Kiarostami, The Evidence of Film.
Photograph/Death Mask: Jean-Luc Nancy’s Recasting of the Photographic Image
Authors: Kaplan Louis
Published: May 2010

This article takes Jean-Luc Nancy’s analogy of ‘the photograph itself, as a death mask’ at the conclusion of ‘Masked Imagination’ as its starting point to investigate and extrapolate what his thinking has to offer to contemporary photography theory. In contrast to the indexical approach of Sontag and Bazin, Nancy recasts the photographic image as a mode of exposure (posed in exteriority) to being-in-common. The author situates Nancy’s debt to Maurice Blanchot’s ‘Two Versions of the Imaginary’ for thinking the photographic image in terms of ‘absence as presence.’ The author also reviews Nancy’s deconstruction of Heidegger’s use of the death mask as the ground of the image as well as Nancy’s affirmation of photographic alterity, strangeness, and straying in ‘ Nous Autres.’ Nancy’s views on photography’s hallucinatory quality are compared with Roland Barthes to underscore his expository approach and the article concludes with some thoughts on the ‘exscription’ of photographic meaning.
Us to-Come: Francesco Vezzoli’s Nonconsensual Futures
Authors: Ricco John Paul
Published: May 2010

A television pilot for a reality show that will never be aired, a trailer for a film that will never be made and advertisements for two competing presidential campaigns that will never materialize. In this article, the author discusses the ways in which Francesco Vezzoli’s films ( No-Love Meetings, A Trailer for the Remake of Gore Vidal’s Caligula and Democrazy, respectively) in their appropriation of utterly familiar and pervasive media genres of promotion and publicity are practices of invention: artistic, cultural and political. Addressing consensus, the society of the spectacle and contemporary economies of labor, the author presents a critical assessment of the hyper-mediated and thoroughly scripted real in which we live, and suggests ways to re-think a future that would have been more properly ‘ours’, if only we could re-make it now.
Qualifying the Qualitative Social Work Interview
Authors: Carr E. Summerson
Published: May 2010

As a methodological proposal, this article proposes an approach to interview analysis that connects the content of interview data with (1) the immediate context of the interview, (2) the way context emerges and changes during an interview, (3) the relationship between the interviewee, the interviewer, and other less immediate parties who elicit and evaluate what said, and (4) the cultural conventions that shape what counts as a meaningful speech in the first place. The article continues on to delineate the importance of accounting for (5) the relationship of the interview to previous occasions of speaking, and (6) the relevant stakes of speaking and interests of speakers. The potential import of each principle is illustrated in reference to methodological challenges encountered during an ethnographic study of an intensive outpatient drug treatment program, a multi-method evaluation of the same program, and relevant practice experiences. In conclusion, the paper discusses how to make the most of data collected in ‘interview intensive’ (Padgett, 2008) qualitative social work research.
Influence of Preform Interlacement on the Low Velocity Impact Behavior of Multilayer Textile Composites
Authors: Padaki Naveen V. , Alagirusamy R. , Deopura B.L. , Fangueiro Raul
Published: May 2010

Impact property of composite material is influenced not only by the type of fiber/matrix, but also by the woven structure of the reinforcement. Presence of 3D fibers in reinforcement is reported to enhance the performance of textile composites in an impact event. This article attempts to study the influence of interlacements in the multilayer woven interlocked 3D structures on the impact properties of the composite material reinforced with them. Low velocity impact testing was carried out on an instrumented drop weight impact tester to obtain load-elongation-time plots of the impact event. It has been observed that increased interlacement in the structure improves the impact resistance of the multilayer textile composites. Further, damage area maps have been developed to understand and analyze the interlacement effect on the impact behavior.
Temporary Worker Alienation and Job Performance: The Impact of Rating Source
Authors: Clark Sara K. , Halbesleben Jonathon R. B. , Lester Scott W. , Heintz Robert
Published: May 2010

This study extends previous research on alienation of temporary workers, by developing a measure of temporary worker alienation and examining differences in the perceptions of alienation between temporary workers, coworkers, and supervisors. This study found that supervisors’ ratings of temporary worker alienation were significantly lower than the temporary workers’ self-ratings. Moreover, the authors found that alienation was negatively associated with self-ratings of job performance but unrelated to supervisors’ ratings of job performance. This supports the contention, based on literature concerning the treatment of temporary workers, that a gap exists between supervisors and temporary workers with regard to perceived alienation.
Creation of an Expanded Barell Matrix to Identify Traumatic Brain Injuries of U.S. Military Members
Authors: Wojcik Barbara E. , Stein Catherine R. , Orosco Jason , Bagg Karen A. , Humphrey Rebecca J.
Published: May 2010

This paper describes the creation of a new traumatic brain injury (TBI) classification system, the Barell+ system, derived by the Center for Army Medical Department Strategic Studies. The Barell+ system is an expansion of the standard international Barell body region by nature of injury diagnosis matrix developed by the International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics. The expanded version (Barell+) was created as a result of a mapping effort between the original Barell matrix and the Department of Defense severity classification system used for surveillance by the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC). Starting with the Barell TBI category definitions, 19 additional TBI-related diagnosis codes from the DVBIC classification were mapped into the resulting Barell+ matrix. The new Barell+ system is compared with the original Barell matrix and the DVBIC classification system. We recommend using the TBI frequency distributions created by the Barell+ system as input data in U.S. military medical modeling and simulation efforts because it better reflects the actual distribution of TBI injuries.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Authors: Peng Liu
Published: May 2010

The volume of research specifically directed at lodging real estate investment trusts (REITs) is slender, although numerous studies have been conducted on REITs generally. Studies of REITs generally have found that regulatory requirements disperse ownership and focus management’s attention on its position as the shareholders’ agents. While REITs have carried more uncertainty of results than conventional real estate investments, they remain a vehicle for relatively small investors to participate in large real estate holdings. Despite the presence and apparent success of lodging REITs, no study has specifically addressed which ownership format is most suited to the hotel industry.
KIF5B and KIF3A/KIF3B kinesins drive MT1-MMP surface exposure, CD44 shedding, and extracellular matrix degradation in primary macrophages
Authors: Wiesner Christiane , Faix Jan , Himmel Mirko , Bentzien Frank , Linder Stefan
Published: May 2010

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MT1-MMP plays pivotal roles in leukocyte physiology such as monocyte diapedesis, dendritic cell migration, and T-cell homing. MT1-MMP is a surface-anchored “master switch” proteinase that cleaves a variety of substrates including extracellular matrix components, matrix receptors, and also other MMPs. However, little is known about the mechanisms enabling intracellular trafficking and exposure of MT1-MMP on the cell surface. We now show that, in primary human macrophages, MT1-MMP–positive vesicles travel bidirectionally along microtubules, in a process regulated by KIF5B and KIF3A/KIF3B kinesins. SiRNA-induced knockdown revealed that transport by KIF5B and KIF3A/KIF3B is crucial for delivery of MT1-MMP to the cell surface and also for surface-associated functions of MT1-MMP, such as shedding of the matrix receptors CD44 and syndecan-1 or degradation of extracellular matrix at podosomes. These data show that kinesin-mediated intracellular transport of MT1-MMP is a pivotal process that allows macrophages to dynamically modify their pericellular environment. These data also identify specific kinesins as potential targets for the early manipulation of MT1-MMP activity in tissues.
Time to test CLL p53 function
Authors: Zent Clive S.
Published: May 2010

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with p53 pathway dysfunction have poor responses to conventional chemoimmunotherapy and short survival. This small but important cohort of CLL patients would benefit from early identification and appropriate management. The challenge is to develop clinically useful tests of p53 pathway function.
Refining “total therapy” for myeloma
Authors: Bladé Joan , Rosiñol Laura
Published: May 2010

In this issue of Blood, Nair and colleagues report similar results with Total Therapy 3 and their subsequent trial, replacing VTD/TD consolidation/maintenance by VRD despite the higher incidence of adverse prognostic features in the current study.
JCoDA: a tool for detecting evolutionary selection
Authors: Steinway Steven N , Dannenfelser Ruth , Laucius Christopher D , Hayes James E , Nayak Sudhir
Published: May 2010

Background

The incorporation of annotated sequence information from multiple related species in commonly used databases (Ensembl, Flybase, Saccharomyces Genome Database, Wormbase, etc.) has increased dramatically over the last few years. This influx of information has provided a considerable amount of raw material for evaluation of evolutionary relationships. To aid in the process, we have developed JCoDA (Java Codon Delimited Alignment) as a simple-to-use visualization tool for the detection of site specific and regional positive/negative evolutionary selection amongst homologous coding sequences.

Results

JCoDA accepts user-inputted unaligned or pre-aligned coding sequences, performs a codon-delimited alignment using ClustalW, and determines the dN/dS calculations using PAML (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, yn00 and codeml) in order to identify regions and sites under evolutionary selection. The JCoDA package includes a graphical interface for Phylip (Phylogeny Inference Package) to generate phylogenetic trees, manages formatting of all required file types, and streamlines passage of information between underlying programs. The raw data are output to user configurable graphs with sliding window options for straightforward visualization of pairwise or gene family comparisons. Additionally, codon-delimited alignments are output in a variety of common formats and all dN/dS calculations can be output in comma-separated value (CSV) format for downstream analysis. To illustrate the types of analyses that are facilitated by JCoDA, we have taken advantage of the well studied sex determination pathway in nematodes as well as the extensive sequence information available to identify genes under positive selection, examples of regional positive selection, and differences in selection based on the role of genes in the sex determination pathway.

Conclusions

JCoDA is a configurable, open source, user-friendly visualization tool for performing evolutionary analysis on homologous coding sequences. JCoDA can be used to rapidly screen for genes and regions of genes under selection using PAML. It can be freely downloaded at http://www.tcnj.edu/~nayaklab/jcoda.