bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early echocardiographic predictors of myxcomatous mitral valve disease in dachshunds
Authors: Olsen L. H. , Martinussen T. , Pedersen H. D.
Published: October 2010

Myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs is heritable, and it is therefore important to deted the early signs of the disease. This study was conduded to assess the predictive value of early echocardiographic and auscultatory signs of mitral valve prolapse, measured in terms of the leaflet thickness, the area of the regurgitant jet, and the intensity of the murmur, on the increases in left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left atrial diameter (LAD) in a population of 190 clinically healthy dachshunds followed up for three years. The most significant predictor of an increase in LVEDD was the interaction between the index of mitral valve prolapse and the area of the regurgitant jet (P<0.0001). In dogs with a jet area greater than 50 per cent of the left atrium, the disease progressed more quickly in terms of increases in LVEDD in relation to the severity of the prolapse at the initial examination. In dogs with smaller jets, the initial prolapse index was not significantly associated with increases in LVEDD. The initial index of mitral valve prolapse, the area of the jet and the intensity of the heart murmur were all significant predictors of an increase in LAD.
Effects of journey and lairage time on steers transported to slaughter in Chile
Authors: Gallo C. , Lizondo G. , Knowles T. G.
Published: October 2010

Steers representative of the most common type, weight and conformation slaughtered in Chile were transported for either three or 16 hours and held in lairage for three, six, 12 or 24 hours. Measurements of liveweight, carcase weight, and the postmortem pH and colour of muscle were made to assess the economic and welfare effects of the different transport and lairage times. Compared with the short journey, the longer journey was associated with a mean (se) reduction in liveweight of 8.5 (2.8) kg, and there was a further decrease of 0.42 (0.18) kg for every hour that the animals were kept in lairage after 16 hours of transport, an increase in final muscle pH, a decrease in muscle luminosity and an increase in the proportion of carcases downgraded because they were classified as ‘dark cutting’. The carcase weights also tended to be lower after the longer journey and after longer periods in lairage.
Isolation of a European bat lyssavirus type 2 from a Daubenton's bat in the United Kingdom
Authors: Johnson N. , Selden D. , Parsons G. , Healy D. , Brookes S. M. , McElhinney L. M. , Hutson A. M. , Fooks A. R.
Published: October 2010

European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV‐2) has been isolated once previously from a bat in the UK in June 1996. In September 2002, a Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonif) found in Lancashire developed abnormal behaviour, including unprovoked aggression, while it was in captivity. Brain samples from the bat were tested for virus of the Lyssavirus genus, which includes EBLV‐2 (genotype 6), and classical rabies virus (genotype 1). A positive fluorescent antibody test confirmed that it was infected with a lyssavirus, and PCR and genomic sequencing identified the virus as an EBLV‐2a. Phylogenetic comparisons with all the published sequences from genotype 6 showed that it was closely related to the previous isolate of EBLV‐2 in the UK and suggested links to isolates from bats in the Netherlands. The isolation of EBLV‐2 from a bat found on the west coast of England provides evidence that this virus may be present within the UK Daubenton's bat population at a low prevalence level.
Detection of disease‐specific PrP in the distal ileum of cattle exposed orally to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Authors: Terry L. A. , Marsh S. , Ryder S. J. , Hawkins S. A. C. , Wells G. A. H. , Spencer Y. I.
Published: October 2010

The immunohistochemical localisation of the disease‐specific protein, PrPSc, was examined in the distal ileum of cattle up to 40 months after they had been exposed orally to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), in the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes of an additional group of cattle, killed six months after a similar exposure, and in the distal ileum of naturally occurring clinical cases of BSE. PrPScwas detected, mainly in macrophages, in a small proportion of the follicles of Peyer's patches in the distal ileum of the experimentally exposed cattle throughout much of the course of the disease. The observations are in agreement with the infectivity data derived from mouse bioassays of the distal ileum. At the later stages of the disease, the proportion of immunostained follicles increased as the total number of follicles decreased with age. In the additional experimental group of cattle, PrPScwas confined to the Peyer's patches in the distal ileum. No immunostaining was detected in the lymphoid tissue of the distal ileum of naturally occurring clinical cases of BSE. In some of the clinically affected experimentally induced and naturally occurring cases of BSE there was sparse immunostaining of the neurons of the distal ileal myenteric plexus.
Influence of detomidine and buprenorphine on motor‐evoked potentials in horses
Authors: Nollet H. , Van Ham L. , Gasthuys F. , Dewulf J. , Vanderstraeten G. , Deprez P.
Published: October 2010

Horses need to be sedated before they are investigated by transcranial magnetic stimulation because of the mild discomfort induced by the evoked muscle contraction and the noise of stimulation. This paper describes the influence of a combination of detomidine (10 μg/kg bodyweight) and a low dose of buprenorphine (2.4 μg/kg) on the onset latency and peak‐to‐peak amplitude of magnetic motor‐evoked potentials in normal horses. There were no significant differences between measurements of these parameters made before the horses were sedated and measurements made 10 and 30 minutes after the drugs were administered.
Study of the effect of Bronchipret on the lung function of five Austrian saddle horses suffering recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)
Authors: van den Hoven R. , Zappe H. , Zitterl‐Eglseer K. , Jugl M. , Franz C.
Published: October 2010

The effects of an oral preparation containing an extract of thyme and primula (Bronchipret; Bionorica) on the lung function of five horses suffering heaves were determined in a longitudinal study. The horses accepted the product well. The plasma concentrations of the marker substance, thymol, indicated that at least one of the substances in the extract had been absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The compliance, pulmonary pressure and airway resistance of the horses' lungs were all significantly improved after one month of treatment. However, the severity of their clinical signs and their arterial oxygen partial pressure had not improved significantly.
Narcolepsy in a hypocretin/orexin‐deficient chihuahua
Authors: Tonokura M. , Fujita K. , Morozumi M. , Yoshida Y. , Kanbayashi T. , Nishino S.
Published: October 2010

A two‐year‐old male chihuahua suffered attacks of muscle weakness and immobility, although it had no family history of paroxysmal attacks. No neurological or blood biochemical abnormalities were recorded when it was first examined. The attacks were typically elicited by stimulation, such as feeding, and a case of sporadic narcolepsy‐cataplexy was therefore suspected. Treatment orally three times a day with 1 mg/kg imipramine, was effective in reducing the attacks. The concentration of hypocretin‐1/orexin A in the dog's cerebrospinal fluid was less than 80 pg/ml (22.5 pmol/litre), compared with normal canine levels of 250 to 350 pg/ml (70.0 to 98.3 pmol/litre), supporting a diagnosis of hypocretin‐deficient narcolepsy.
Four cases of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy in the United Kingdom
Authors: McGowan C. M. , Menzies‐Gow N. J. , Patterson‐Kane J. C. , McDiarmid A. M.
Published: October 2010

This paper describes four cases of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy which were confirmed by histological examination of muscle biopsy specimens. The horses were of mixed breeding, with warmblood and thoroughbred dominating. They all had recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis, indicated by clinical signs and increased plasma levels of muscle enzymes. They were managed conservatively and have continued athletic careers despite their disease.
Efficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin against Otostrongylus circumlitus and Parafilaroides gymnurus in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: Vercruysse J. , Salomez A. , Ulloa A. , Osterhaus A. , Kuiken T. , Alvinerie M.
Published: October 2010

Verminous bronchopneumonia caused by infection with Otostrongylus circumlitus and Parafilaroides gymnurus is an important cause of death during the rehabilitation of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). During the winter of 2000/01, 35 juvenile harbour seals with severe clinical signs of verminous bronchopneumonia were treated with either 0·2 mg/kg ivermectin orally or 0·2 mg/kg moxidectin subcutaneously, and monitored for 30 days. The efficacy of the anthelmintics was determined by the pattern of larval excretion (Baermannisation) and the progress of the clinical signs. Both anthelmintics had reduced larval excretion by at least 99 per cent after 10 days, but the seals' rapid breathing rate and and dyspnoea returned to normal more quickly in the animals treated with moxidectin. The pharmacokinetics of the anthelmintics were determined by solid‐phase extraction, and high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Moxidectin had a mean (sd) residence time of 9·04 (2·12) days compared with 4·83 (1·14) days for ivermectin.
Studies of serum total immunoglobulin E concentrations in atopic and non‐atopic dogs
Authors: Fraser M. A. , McNeil P. E. , Gettinby G.
Published: October 2010

The serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations of two groups of atopic dogs and three groups of non‐atopic dogs were compared. There was a wide range of concentrations with a high degree of overlap between the groups. The serum total IgE concentrations of a group of 15 non‐atopic racing greyhounds were significantly higher than those of all the other groups. Atopic and non‐atopic dogs receiving stringent parasite control treatments could not be differentiated on the basis of their serum total IgE concentrations. In the non‐atopic dogs there was no correlation between their serum total IgE concentrations and the number of allergen‐specific positive results obtained in an ELISA, or between their serum total IgE concentrations and their age.
Marek's disease, candidiasis and megabacteriosis in a flock of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus ) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonka )
Authors: Pennycott T. W. , Duncan G. , Venugopal K.
Published: October 2010

An outbreak of mortality in chickens and Japanese quail sharing the same airspace was investigated. Marek's disease was diagnosed in five of 11 chickens examined, and in 20 of 24 quail; crop candidiasis was found in four of the chickens and in five of the quail, and moderate to large numbers of organisms referred to as megabacteria were observed in eight of the chickens and 16 of the quail. The disease was so severe that almost all of the quail in the flock died or were culled during the following six months. In contrast, only approximately 5 per cent of the chickens died from Marek's disease.
Expression of E‐cadherin in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic feline mammary tissue
Authors: Dias Pereira P. , Gärtner F.
Published: October 2010

This paper describes an immunohistochemical study of the expression of E‐cadherin in four samples of normal, eight samples of hyperplastic and 19 samples of neoplastic feline mammary tissue. In the normal tissues, the luminal epithelial cells showed a strong pattern of staining for E‐cadherin at the cell‐cell boundaries, whereas the myoepithelium showed no immunoreactivity. In the hyperplastic tissues and the five benign neoplasms, there were disturbances in the expression of E‐cadherin in the luminal epithelium, in the form of the coexistence of membranous and cytoplasmic staining, together with immunoreactivity in a small percentage of myoepithelial cells. In 11 of 14 carcinomas, there was a reduction or absence of E‐cadherin expression and abnormalities in the pattern of immunostaining; these changes were more pronounced in cribriform and solid carcinomas.
Ophthalmic lesions in 83 geriatric horses and ponies
Authors: Chandler K. J. , Billson F. M. , Mellor D. J.
Published: October 2010

Ophthalmic lesions were detected in 67 of 83 horses and ponies aged 15 years or more. Degeneration of the vitreous, followed by senile retinopathy, were the most common lesions and both of them became more common with advancing age, although few of the owners reported disturbances of vision in their animals.
Use of nuclear scintigraphy with99mTc‐ HMPAO‐labelled leucocytes to assess small intestinal malabsorption in 17 horses
Authors: Menzies‐Gow N. J. , Weller R. , Bowen I. M. , Corley K. T. T. , Livesey L. , Weaver M. , Marr C. M.
Published: October 2010

The diagnostic and prognostic value of nuclear scintigraphy with technetium‐99m‐labelled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime‐labelled leucocytes was assessed in 17 horses with weight loss due to gastrointestinal malabsorption by comparing the results with the results obtained from 13 normal control horses. Intestinal uptake of activity was detected in 12 of the 17 cases but none of the control horses. The technique was therefore specific for intestinal pathology, but failed to detect some horses that might have had intestinal pathology. No indications of the horses' specific pathology were obtained, and their prognosis or response to treatment could not be predicted.
Epidemiology ofSalmonellaenterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium in animals and people in Scotland between 1990 and 2001
Authors: Smith‐Palmer A. , Stewart W. C. , Mather H. , Greig A. , Cowden J. , Reilly W. J.
Published: October 2010

Two serovars of salmonella which are currently of particular importance in both human and animal infections areSalmonella entericaserovars Enteritidis phage type 4 (PT4) and Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). This paper describes the trends in the relationships between the levels of infection of people and a range of farm animal species with these two serovars and explores some of the reasons behind them. In 1996, there was a peak of 520 reports of S Typhimurium DT104 infection in people in Scotland, but the number has decreased every year since, to 96 in 2001. In cattle the incidence of S Typhimurium DT104 also peaked in 1996, with 138 incidents, and it has similarly decreased every year to 2001 when there were 10 reported incidents. Similar declines have been observed in its incidence in sheep and pigs. In people the number of reports of S Enteritidis PT4 peaked in 1997 at 1684 and then declined to 457 in 2001. In chickens, the number of reports of S Enteritidis PT4 peaked in 1998 at 34 incidents, but no incidents were reported in the following three years.
Early dissemination of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus through sheep marketing in February 2001
Authors: Mansley L. M. , Dunlop P. J. , Whiteside S. M. , Smith R. G. H.
Published: October 2010

The results of epidemiological investigations suggest that livestock on up to 79 premises, spread widely throughout the British Isles, may have been exposed to infection by foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) virus by the movement of infected sheep before the first case of the disease was confirmed at an abattoir in Essex on February 20, 2001. A further 36 premises may have been infected by this route before the national livestock movement ban was imposed on February 23.
Comparison of two treatments for preventing dogs eating their own faeces
Authors: Wells D. L.
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐eight domestic dogs with the behavioural problem of eating their own faeces were treated in two ways. Half of them were treated with a citronella spray collar, and the others were treated with sound therapy. To assess the relative efficacy of the treatments their owners rated the severity of their dog's faeces eating for a week before the study began, during each of three weeks of treatment, and at the end of a fourth week during which they had not been treated. The owners reported a significantly lower incidence of the behavioural problem during the first week of both treatments, but in the dogs treated by sound therapy its incidence subsequently increased. The behavioural problem was reduced most effectively in the dogs treated with the spray collar, and continued to decrease during the period of treatment.
Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids in captive Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants
Authors: Clauss M. , Wang Y. , Ghebremeskel K. , Lendl C. E. , Streich W. J.
Published: October 2010

The fatty acid components of the plasma triglycerides and the phospholipid fractions of the red blood cells of a captive group of two African (Loxodonta africana) and four Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants were investigated. All the animals received the same diet of hay, fruits and vegetables, and concentrates. A comparison with data from free‐ranging African elephants or Asian work‐camp elephants showed that the captive elephants had lower proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PuFAs), and for several lipid fractions a higher n‐6:n‐3 ratio, than their counterparts in the wild or under the more natural, in terms of diet, work‐camp conditions. The difference in PUFA content was smaller in the African than in the Asian elephants. The captive Asian elephants tended to have lower levels of n‐3 and total unsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells than the captive African elephants.
Specificity of three ELISA‐gE kits for screening pig meat for antibodies to Aujeszky's disease
Authors: de Lange K. , Haddad N. , Agier C. , Le Potier M. F. , Le Vée M. , Amar P. , Toma B.
Published: October 2010

Muscle samples (20 g) from 2025 pig carcases from Aujeszky's disease‐free holdings were collected at the slaughterhouse. The samples were frozen and thawed to obtain meat juice, which was then analysed by three ELISA‐gE test kits in parallel, to assess their specificity. After two cycles of freezing and thawing, 2.2 per cent of the samples were dry. Three times more of the samples from the sow carcases than from the finisher carcases yielded insufficient juice (<220 μl). To validate the results of the specificity study, the sensitivity of the test kits was evaluated on 45 samples from gE‐seropositive sows. On the basis of the results from 1879 samples, the specificity of the ELIsA‐gE kits was between 0.995 and 1.000, depending on the classification of the doubtful results. In the case of a positive or doubtful result, it proved useful to repeat the test on the same sample, in order to limit the number of false positive results.
Subclinical breakdown with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection in dairy herd of high health status
Authors: Pritchard G. C. , Banks M. , Vernon R. E.
Published: October 2010

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infection was detected by an antibody ELISA in the bulk milk of a large closed dairy herd of high health status in an area of low cattle density in East Anglia. The herd was managed under high standards of biosecurity and was known to have been serologically free of IBR virus for the previous 13 years. Although over 70 per cent of the cows had seroconverted to IBR virus no clinical signs were observed apart from a slight bilateral watery ocular discharge in a few cows, and their performance and productivity were unaffected. The causal virus, which was isolated after it had been reactivated with corticosteroid, had the DNA profile of a bovine herpesvirus type 1 strain normally associated with clinically severe respiratory disease. In spite of extensive enquiries and seroepidemiological investigations the source of the infection was not determined.
Assessment of the welfare of dairy caftle using animal‐based measurements: direct observations and investigation of farm records
Authors: Whay H. R. , Main D. C. J. , Green L. E. , Webster A. J. F.
Published: October 2010

A protocol was developed by consultation with experts on the welfare of cattle to use direct observations of cattle and an examination of farm records to assess welfare. Fifty‐three dairy farms in England were visited and assessed during the winter of 2000/01. The findings were compiled and the results of the welfare measurements were examined by 50 experts who indicated at what level they considered that improvement was required. More than 75 per cent of them considered that 32 of the 53 farms needed to take action to reduce the incidence of mastitis, and that at least 42 of the farms needed to take action to reduce the prevalence of lameness, overgrown claws, swollen and ulcerated hocks, and injuries from the environment.
Relationship between lice infestation and leather damage in cattle
Authors: Coles G. C. , Hadley P. J. , Milnes A. S. , Green L. E. , Stosic P. J. , Garnsworthy P. C.
Published: October 2010

The relationship between lice infestation and leather damage was investigated in a trial involving 61 cattle, half of which were treated with ectoparasiticides for lice control either in their first or second year. Hides from the lice‐free and lousy calves were removed manually at an abattoir, tanned and inspected for licerelated damage, commercially referred to as light spot and/or fleck. In both the first‐ and second‐year animals there was a significant difference between the hides of the lousy and lice‐free animals, confirming that the chewing louse Bovicola bovis is a cause of winter light spot. There was also a difference between the two groups in the levels of scratch damage. After the infested animals had been treated with fenvalerate and eprinomectin to kill all the lice, the damage to the hides had not been fully reversed 13 weeks later.
Neurological signs and results of magnetic resonance imaging in 40 cavalier King Charles spaniels with Chiari type 1‐like malformations
Authors: Lu D. , Lamb C. R. , Pfeiffer D. U. , Targett M. P.
Published: October 2010

In human beings a Chiari type 1 malformation is a developmental condition characterised by cerebellar herniation and syringohydromyelia. Abnormalities compatible with such a malformation were identified by magnetic resonance imaging in 39 cavalier King Charles spaniels with neurological signs and in one neurologically normal cavalier King Charles spaniel that was examined postmortem. The dogs with these abnormalities had a wide variety of neurological signs, but there was no apparent correlation between the neurological signs and the severity of cerebellar herniation, syringohydromyelia or hydrocephalus.
The economic significance of the Bell River Complex, Abitibi subprovince, Quebec
Authors: Maier W. D. , Barnes S.-J. , Pellet T.
Published: October 2010

The exposed part of the Bell River Complex on the northern edge of the Abitibi subprovince represents the upper portion of a layered complex, with a massive gabbroic main zone being overlain by a magnetite-rich gabbroic–anorthositic layered zone and a granophyre. The cumulate rocks display cryptic variation in mineral and whole-rock compositions towards a more evolved signature with stratigraphic height. There is a decrease in An content of plagioclase (from An73 to An51), and in Mg# of augite (from Mg# 75 to Mg# 56), an increase in La/Yb ratio of whole rocks (from 0.5 to 2.9), and a decrease in Cr (from 770 to 5 ppm) and Ni (from 315 to 45 ppm) contents of whole rocks. Concentrations of platinum-group elements (PGE) are mostly below detection limit. Compositional comparison with the South African Bushveld Complex shows that the lowest exposed levels of the complex are equivalent to the critical–main zone boundary, that is, in the immediate hanging wall of the PGE reefs. Based on recent geophysical studies showing that the Bell River Complex is approximately 5 km thick, we consider the presence of a hidden ultramafic zone a distinct possibility and propose a site for an exploration drilling programme. A comparison of compositional data from the Bell River Complex and associated basalts and rhyolites of the Watson Lake and Wabassee groups suggests that the three suites are cogenetic. Based on the fact that the numerous important volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits in the region are located around the intrusion, and the similar age of the intrusion and the volcanic rocks, we support earlier workers in suggesting that the intrusion and the VMS deposits are genetically linked, that is, that the Bell River Complex provided the heat source that drove the hydrothermal fluids responsible for forming the VMS deposits.
Timing between granitoid emplacement and associated gold mineralization: examples from the ca. 2.7 Ga Harare–Shamva greenstone belt, northern Zimbabwe
Authors: Vinyu M. L. , Jelsma H. A. , Frei R.
Published: October 2010

Structurally controlled Late Archaean gold mineralizations associated with felsic plutons in the Harare–Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe, are synchronous with the emplacement of their hosts. The ages of these mineralizations are identical to those reported from other mesothermal gold deposits elsewhere in the Zimbabwe Craton. The Pb and Nd isotopic signatures of the host plutons are compatible with a direct mantle or a short crustal residence period for the protoliths to the host intrusions. The coincidence of the Pb-isotope data from ore minerals with the whole-rock trends (errorchrons) of their host intrusives strongly suggests that the gold could have a magmatic, rather than a metamorphic, source. There is no evidence from the Pb isotopes of significant involvement of older basement in the genesis of gold deposits associated with felsic intrusions in the Harare–Shamva greenstone belt. On a craton-wide scale, the time frame around 2.65 Ga represents a period of significant crustal growth (through addition of mantle-derived magma), deformation, and metamorphism. The temporal and spatial coincidence of these three parameters has created favorable conditions for the emplacement of the largest class of Archaean gold mineralizations that are currently known in the country.
The fleeting genus Cymatonautilus (Nautiloidea): new record from the Jurassic Charl Formation, Kutch, India
Authors: Halder K. , Bardhan S.
Published: October 2010

Cymatonautilus is a new record from Kutch with precise stratigraphic background. Being a temporally restricted but geographically widely distributed genus, Cymatonautilus is considered as a fleeting taxon. It cryptically appeared during the latest early Callovian and survived only up to the middle Callovian, but dispersed rapidly through a long belt on both sides of the Tethys. Its systematic position is revised, and derivation from paracenoceratid lineage is suggested.
Salmon River Arch revisited: new evidence for 1370 Ma rifting near the end of deposition in the Middle Proterozoic Belt basin
Authors: Doughty P. Ted , Chamberlain Kevin R.
Published: October 2010

New U–Pb zircon dates on diabase, diorite, and migmatites within a large magmatic complex in east-central Idaho have refined the age and tectonic setting of the East Kootenay orogeny that affected the Belt basin ca. 1370 Ma. These data show that a large volume of mafic magma was injected into the basin in east-central Idaho and followed shortly thereafter by its own felsic differentiate and granitic plutons and metamorphism of the host sediments ca. 1370 Ma. These data show that the magmatic complex and associated gneisses in east-central Idaho are not pre-Belt basement, but contemporaneous in age with the Belt basin. Nd isotopic analysis of the magmatic rocks establishes that they are not derived from known Proterozoic or Archean basement terranes, but could have formed from the host Yellowjacket Formation or juvenile 1.7 Ga crust. Nd isotopic composition of gneisses and the Yellowjacket Formation are interpreted to support previous correlations between these rocks and the Belt Supergroup. Metamorphic barometry on 1370 Ma migmatites intercalated with the magmatic complex constrain the metamorphism to pressures of 450 MPa (14 km) initially and show that pressure increased to 650 MPa (20 km) before the end of metamorphism, which is consistent with magma intrusion into the bottom of the basin, followed by basin subsidence and sediment loading. We postulate that the East Kootenay orogeny is a pulse of bimodal magmatism, basin rifting, and renewed subsidence and sedimentation that shortly preceded the end of deposition in the Belt basin.
Late Quaternary sequence stratigraphy of the Mackenzie Delta
Authors: Hill Philip R
Published: October 2010

The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene sequence stratigraphy of the Mackenzie Delta provides insights into the glacial history of the region. The base of the described succession is a hummocky regional reflector interpreted to be a flooding surface formed immediately after retreat of glacial ice from the Mackenzie Trough. Above this flooding surface, two progradational parasequences are present. The first, assigned to the transgressive systems tract, is correlated with the Tutsieta Lake readvance of the ice sheet at approximately 13 000 BP. A flooding surface forming the upper boundary of this parasequence extends inland to at least Inuvik, developing as a response to glacial retreat and early Holocene relative sea level rise. The second parasequence of Holocene deltaic deposits is assigned to the highstand systems tract and is characterized by progressive progradation of the delta into the Mackenzie Trough to a position seaward of the present delta coastline. A distinct reduction in gradient of the most recent delta clinoforms is consistent with other data suggesting regional transgression and is interpreted to represent the development of a healing-phase wedge. The reasons for this recent transgression are not clear, because relative sea level rise has decreased and sediment supply probably increased over the last 2000 years. Transgression may be related to decreased efficiency of channels, increased trapping of sediments by thermokarst lakes, overspill of the delta across the eastern margin of the valley, and (or) progressively greater exposure to wave action as the delta became less sheltered by the confines of the glacial valley.
KALB–RAMOND FIELDS IN THE PETIAU–DUFFIN–KEMMER FORMALISM AND SCALE INVARIANCE
Authors: KRUGLOV S. I.
Published: October 2010

Kalb–Ramond equations for massive and massless particles are considered in the framework of the Petiau–Duffin–Kemmer formalism. We obtain 10×10 matrices of the relativistic wave equation of the first-order and solutions in the form of density matrix. The canonical and Belinfante energy–momentum tensors are found. We investigate the scale invariance and obtain the conserved dilatation current. It was demonstrated that the conformal symmetry is broken even for massless fields.
FIVE-DIMENSIONAL VACUUM EINSTEIN SPACETIMES IN C-METRIC LIKE COORDINATES
Authors: XU WEI , ZHAO LIU , ZHU BIN
Published: October 2010

A five-dimensional Einstein spacetime with (non)vanishing cosmological constant is analyzed in detail. The metric is in close analogy with the four-dimensional massless uncharged C-metric in many aspects. The coordinate system, horizons and causal structures, relations to standard form of de Sitter, anti de Sitter and Minkowski vacua are investigated. After a boost and Kaluza–Klein reduction, we get an exact solution of four-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell–Liouville theory which reduces to a solution to Einstein–Liouville theory in the limit of zero boost velocity and to that of Einstein–Maxwell–dilaton theory in the case of zero cosmological constant.
NONRELATIVISTIC SPIN: à la BEREZIN–MARINOV QUANTIZATION ON A SPHERE
Authors: DERIGLAZOV A. A.
Published: October 2010

Reparametrization invariant dynamics on a sphere, being parametrized by angular momentum coordinates, represents an appropriate framework for semiclassical description of nonrelativistic spin. The space can be quantized according to Berezin–Marinov prescription, replacing the coordinates by Pauli matrices. Following the scheme, we present two semiclassical models for describing spin without the use of Grassmann variables. The first model implies Pauli equation upon the canonical quantization. The second model produces nonrelativistic limit of the Dirac equation implying correct value for the electron spin magnetic moment.
THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF THE MODIFIED CHAPLYGIN GAS
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY TANWI , CHAKRABORTY SUBENOY
Published: October 2010

Laws of thermodynamics have been examined for the universe filled with a perfect fluid, obeying an adiabatic equation of state p = γρ-A/ρα (called modified Chaplygin gas), where γ, A and α are positive constants and ρ and p are energy density and thermodynamic pressure respectively. Using general thermodynamics, the behavior of temperature and the thermodynamic stability has been discussed for modified Chaplygin gas. A scenario is obtained such that the thermal equation of state depends on both temperature and volume and there will be thermodynamic stability during the expansion process so that the fluid cools down through the expansion without any phase transition (or passing through any critical point).
AUTOMATED STAGED CONFIGURATION WITH SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: BOŠKOVIĆ MARKO , BAGHERI EBRAHIM , GAŠEVIĆ DRAGAN , MOHABBATI BARDIA , KAVIANI NIMA , HATALA MAREK
Published: October 2010

Since the introduction in the early nineties, feature models receive a great deal of attention in industry and academia. Industrial success stories in applying feature models for modeling software product lines, and using them for configuring software-intensive systems motivate academia to discover ways to integrate different feature dependencies into the feature model, and automate verified feature configuration. In this paper we demonstrate how ontologies and Semantic Web technologies facilitate seamless integration of required external services and deployment platform capabilities into the feature model. Furthermore, we also contribute with an algorithm for automating staged configuration using Semantic Web reasoners to discover unfeasible features of the feature model.
HARMONIZATION BETWEEN PERSONAL AND SHARED MEMORIES
Authors: MOULIN CLAUDE , LAI CRISTIAN
Published: October 2010

This paper discusses harmonization issues between the management of resources stored locally by users in personal repositories and the management of resources shared by a community which they belong to. The solution consists in maintaining the same kind of indexing. We discuss some requirements that the motivation implies and we present some choices that have been done for engineering the system that allows to manage different types of resources and that allows to describe them with ontological elements. This paper focuses on a knowledge-based representation of resources that supports the service that the community can bring to its members. We develop our approach of semantic indexing. Some constraints due to the nature of a distributed index are also presented. Peer to peer based communities rely on a decentralized system. The paper also presents the system engineering of a prototype that gives access to the resources. It explains how the architecture is structured and the role of its layers. The Web design of the front-end guarantees an anywhere and anytime access to the resources. The system supports an easy scalability thanks to its underlying architecture based on web services.
HOMOLOGY OF GROUPS AND THIRD BUSY BEAVER FUNCTION
Authors: MICHEL PASCAL
Published: October 2010

In 2007, Nabutovsky and Weinberger provided a solution to a long-standing problem: to find naturally defined functions that grow faster than any function with Turing degree of unsolvability 0'. They considered the functions bksuch that, for a natural integer N, bk(N) is the rank of the kth homology group Hk(G) of maximum finite rank, among the finitely presented groups G with presentation length ≤ N. They proved that, for k ≥ 3, function bkgrows as the third busy beaver function, and so grows faster than any function with degree of unsolvability 0″.

Can more be said about these functions bk? We give some results on the function b2, we study the challenge of computing Hk(G) for a finitely presented group G, and we compute bk(N) for small values of N.
R-POLYNOMIALS OF FINITE MONOIDS OF LIE TYPE
Authors: AKER KÜRŞAT , CAN MAHIR BILEN , TAŞKIN MÜGE
Published: October 2010

This paper studies the combinatorics of the orbit Hecke algebras associated with W × W orbits in the Renner monoid of a finite monoid of Lie type, M, where W is the Weyl group associated with M. It is shown by Putcha in [12] that the Kazhdan–Lusztig involution [6] can be extended to the orbit Hecke algebra which enables one to define the R-polynomials of the intervals contained in a given orbit. Using the R-polynomials, we calculate the Möbius function of the Bruhat–Chevalley ordering on the orbits. Furthermore, we provide a necessary condition for an interval contained in a given orbit to be isomorphic to an interval in some Weyl group.
IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL MODULES IN A PPI NETWORK BY BOUNDED DIAMETER CLUSTERING
Authors: SOHAEE NASSIM , FORST CHRISTIAN V.
Published: October 2010

Dense subgraphs of Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) graphs are assumed to be potential functional modules and play an important role in inferring the functional behavior of proteins. Increasing amount of available PPI data implies a fast, accurate approach of biological complex identification. Therefore, there are different models and algorithms in identifying functional modules. This paper describes a new graph theoretic clustering algorithm that detects densely connected regions in a large PPI graph. The method is based on finding bounded diameter subgraphs around a seed node. The algorithm has the advantage of being very simple and efficient when compared with other graph clustering methods. This algorithm is tested on the yeast PPI graph and the results are compared with MCL, Core-Attachment, and MCODE algorithms.
Influence of heart rate on fractional flow reserve, pressure drop coefficient, and lesion flow coefficient for epicardial coronary stenosis in a porcine model
Authors: Kolli Kranthi K. , Banerjee R. K. , Peelukhana Srikara V. , Helmy T. A. , Leesar M. A. , Arif Imran , Schneeberger E. W. , Hand Dwight , Succop Paul , Gottliebson W. M. , Effat M. A.
Published: October 2010

A limitation in the use of invasive coronary diagnostic indexes is that fluctuations in hemodynamic factors such as heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and contractility may alter resting or hyperemic flow measurements and may introduce uncertainties in the interpretation of these indexes. In this study, we focused on the effect of fluctuations in HR and area stenosis (AS) on diagnostic indexes. We hypothesized that the pressure drop coefficient (CDPe, ratio of transstenotic pressure drop and distal dynamic pressure), lesion flow coefficient (LFC, square root of ratio of limiting value CDP and CDP at site of stenosis) derived from fluid dynamics principles, and fractional flow reserve (FFR, ratio of average distal and proximal pressures) are independent of HR and can significantly differentiate between the severity of stenosis. Cardiac catheterization was performed on 11 Yorkshire pigs. Simultaneous measurements of distal coronary arterial pressure and flow were performed using a dual sensor-tipped guidewire for HR < 120 and HR > 120 beats/min, in the presence of epicardial coronary lesions of <50% AS and >50% AS. The mean values of FFR, CDPe, and LFC were significantly different ( P < 0.05) for lesions of <50% AS and >50% AS (0.88 ± 0.04, 0.76 ± 0.04; 62 ± 30, 151 ± 35, and 0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.16 ± 0.01, respectively). The mean values of FFR and CDPe were not significantly different ( P > 0.05) for variable HR conditions of HR < 120 and HR > 120 beats/min (FFR, 0.81 ± 0.04 and 0.82 ± 0.04; and CDPe, 95 ± 33 and 118 ± 36). The mean values of LFC do somewhat vary with HR (0.14 ± 0.01 and 0.12 ± 0.02). In conclusion, fluctuations in HR have no significant influence on the measured values of CDPe and FFR but have a marginal influence on the measured values of LFC. However, all three parameters can significantly differentiate between stenosis severities. These results suggest that the diagnostic parameters can be potentially used in a better assessment of coronary stenosis severity under a clinical setting.
A transcriptional map of the impact of endurance exercise training on skeletal muscle phenotype
Authors: Keller Pernille , Vollaard Niels B. J. , Gustafsson Thomas , Gallagher Iain J. , Sundberg Carl Johan , Rankinen Tuomo , Britton Steven L. , Bouchard Claude , Koch Lauren G. , Timmons James A.
Published: October 2010

The molecular pathways that are activated and contribute to physiological remodeling of skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise have not been fully characterized. We previously reported that ∼800 gene transcripts are regulated following 6 wk of supervised endurance training in young sedentary males, referred to as the training-responsive transcriptome (TRT) (Timmons JA et al. J Appl Physiol 108: 1487–1496, 2010). Here we utilized this database together with data on biological variation in muscle adaptation to aerobic endurance training in both humans and a novel out-bred rodent model to study the potential regulatory molecules that coordinate this complex network of genes. We identified three DNA sequences representing RUNX1, SOX9, and PAX3 transcription factor binding sites as overrepresented in the TRT. In turn, miRNA profiling indicated that several miRNAs targeting RUNX1, SOX9, and PAX3 were downregulated by endurance training. The TRT was then examined by contrasting subjects who demonstrated the least vs. the greatest improvement in aerobic capacity (low vs. high responders), and at least 100 of the 800 TRT genes were differentially regulated, thus suggesting regulation of these genes may be important for improving aerobic capacity. In high responders, proangiogenic and tissue developmental networks emerged as key candidates for coordinating tissue aerobic adaptation. Beyond RNA-level validation there were several DNA variants that associated with maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2max) trainability in the HERITAGE Family Study but these did not pass conservative Bonferroni adjustment. In addition, in a rat model selected across 10 generations for high aerobic training responsiveness, we found that both the TRT and a homologous subset of the human high responder genes were regulated to a greater degree in high responder rodent skeletal muscle. This analysis provides a comprehensive map of the transcriptomic features important for aerobic exercise-induced improvements in maximal oxygen consumption.
Prognostic Significance of RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase on Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Pataer Abujiang , Raso Maria Gabriela , Correa Arlene M. , Behrens Carmen , Tsuta Koji , Solis Luisa , Fang Bingliang , Roth Jack A. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Swisher Stephen G.
Published: October 2010

Purpose: The role of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) in antiviral defense mechanisms and in cellular differentiation, growth, and apoptosis is well known, but the role of PKR in human lung cancer remains poorly understood. To explore the role of PKR in human lung cancer, we evaluated the expression of PKR in tissue microarray (TMA) specimens from both non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal human bronchial epithelium tissue.

Experimental Design: TMA samples (TMA-1) from 231 lung cancers were stained with PKR antibody and validated on TMA-2 from 224 lung cancers. Immunohistochemical expression score was quantified by three pathologists independently. Survival probability was computed by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: The NSCLC cells showed lower levels of PKR expression than normal bronchial epithelium cells did. We also found a significant association between lower levels of PKR expression and lymph node metastasis. We found that loss of PKR expression is correlated with a more aggressive behavior, and that a high PKR expression predicts a subgroup of patients with a favorable outcome. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that a lower level of PKR expression was significantly associated with shorter survival in NSCLC patients. We further validated and confirmed PKR to be a powerful prognostic factor in TMA-2 lung cancer (hazard ratio, 0.22; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Our findings first indicate that PKR expression is an independent prognostic variable in NSCLC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 16(22); 5522–8. ©2010 AACR.
The Contribution of Health Technology Assessment, Health Needs Assessment, and Health Impact Assessment to the Assessment and Translation of Technologies in the Field of Public Health Genomics
Authors: Rosenkötter N. , Vondeling H. , Blancquaert I. , Mekel O.C.L. , Kristensen F.B. , Brand A.
Published: October 2010

The European Union has named genomics as one of the promising research fields for the development of new health technologies. Major concerns with regard to these fields are, on the one hand, the rather slow and limited translation of new knowledge and, on the other hand, missing insights into the impact on public health and health care practice of those technologies that are actually introduced. This paper aims to give an overview of the major assessment instruments in public health [health technology assessment (HTA), health needs assessment (HNA) and health impact assessment (HIA)] which could contribute to the systematic translation and assessment of genomic health applications by focussing at population level and on public health policy making. It is shown to what extent HTA, HNA and HIA contribute to translational research by using the continuum of translational research (T1–T4) in genomic medicine as an analytic framework. The selected assessment methodologies predominantly cover 2 to 4 phases within the T1–T4 system. HTA delivers the most complete set of methodologies when assessing health applications. HNA can be used to prioritize areas where genomic health applications are needed or to identify infrastructural needs. HIA delivers information on the impact of technologies in a wider scope and promotes informed decision making. HTA, HNA and HIA provide a partly overlapping and partly unique set of methodologies and infrastructure for the translation and assessment of genomic health applications. They are broad in scope and go beyond the continuum of T1–T4 translational research regarding policy translation.
Speech Disfluency Types of Fluent and Stuttering Individuals: Age Effects
Authors: Staróbole Juste Fabiola , Furquim de Andrade Claudia Regina
Published: October 2010

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to quantify and compare the typology of speech disruptions presented by stuttering and fluent Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children, adolescents and adults. Subjects and Methods: Participants were 150 individuals, with ages between 4.0 and 49.11 years, who were divided into six groups: children who stutter (n = 25), children who do not stutter (n = 25), adolescents who stutter (n = 25), adolescents who do not stutter (n = 25), adults who stutter (n = 25) and adults who do not stutter (n = 25). For each participant, the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) and other disfluencies was calculated based on the video recordings of spontaneous speech samples. Results: The results obtained for SLD were significant when comparing stuttering and fluent individuals. In children who stutter, adolescents who stutter, and adults who stutter, a higher frequency of SLD was found. Other disfluencies did not differentiate the groups. Conclusion: The age factor did not qualify quantitatively any of the groups, but indicated qualitative differences (in terms of the type of speech disfluencies) between groups. The results revealed similarities when compared with studies carried out in different languages.