bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntactic Structures in English-Language Agreements: Structural and Functional Aspects
Authors: Velikodnev O. A.
Published: June 2022

The article examines features of syntactic arrangement and structural components of agreements composed in English. Agreements belong to genres of legal texts, which implies that the structure of the texts should be formal. The structure of agreements itself performs certain functions. This fact conditions the necessity of expertise in the structural composition of agreements as well as syntactic means, command of which is essential for the comprehension of the content of an agreement and for the ability to compose this type of legal texts. The objective of the study is to determine features of syntactic structures used in English-language agreements considering their functions and importance for providing the structural integrity of the legal text. The compliance of English legal texts with the linguocultural norm has been the main criterion in selecting the material for the study. The research analyses structural components of agreements, examines their syntactic structures and outlines their functions. The study reveals that the sphere of usage defines the structure of agreements, which directly affects their syntactic arrangement. The research demonstrates a connection between the structure and the context of the text, on the levels of both paragraphs and sentences. The investigation outlines syntactic models that are typical of agreements composed in English, such as complex sentences, participial phrases, absolute participial constructions, polysyndeton, stylistic inversion, and parallelism; and defines their functional status.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Minat Berperilaku dalam Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi pada Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Trisnayanti Ni Komang Indira , Ariyanto Dodik
Published: June 2022

Measuring the success of information systems can be done using the Delone & McLean information system success model, but to measure technology acceptance can be done using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence behavioral interest in the use of Accounting Information Systems on employee performance. This research was conducted at BPR in Denpasar City, with the number of respondents 84 users of the Accounting Information System (AIS). Data collection using questionnaires and data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression with SmartPLS 3.0 tool. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a positive effect on behavioral interest in using AIS. Perceived usefulness and behavioral interest in using AIS have a positive effect on the performance of BPR employees in Denpasar City.               

Keywords: Behavioral Interests; Accounting Information System; Employee Performance; Perceived Usefulness; Perceived Ease of Use.
Pengaruh Pajak dan Pemanfaatan Tax Haven pada Transfer Pricing
Authors: Devi Ni Putu Ayu Liony Krishna , Noviari Naniek
Published: June 2022

Transfer pricing is the determination of prices in transactions between parties that have a special relationship. Transfer pricing carried out by the company in order to minimize the tax burden paid by the company by utilizing transactions with related parties. This study aims to examine the effect of taxes and the use of tax havens on transfer pricing. This research was conducted on mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2020. Determination of the number of samples in this study using a purposive sampling technique with three criterias, namely mining sector companies listed on the IDX that publish an annual report, earn profits, and have transactions with related parties in 2016-2020. Based on these criteria, the number of samples used in this study was 15 samples of companies with 75 observational data. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that taxes have no effect on transfer pricing, while the use of tax havens has a positive effect on transfer pricing.   

Keywords: Tax; Tax Haven; Transfer Pricing.
PAD, Dana Perimbangan, Belanja Modal, SILPA dan Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah di Jawa Timur
Authors: Ratnasari Dwi , Meirini Dianita
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of local revenue, balancing funds, capital expenditures and SILPA on the financial performance of local governments as proxied through financial ratios in the form of efficiency ratios. A quantitative approach is used as an approach in this study. Saturated sample for sampling technique. The data analysis technique in this study was a panel data regression test. Based on the results of the T-test, financial performance cannot be affected by local revenue but financial performance can be significantly affected negatively by balancing funds and SILPA, and financial performance can be significantly affected positively by capital expenditures.               

Keywords: PAD; Balancing Fund; Capital Expenditures; SILPA; Local Government Financial Performance.
Kepribadian Wajib Pajak, Pelayanan Fiskus, Sanksi Pajak dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
Authors: Permana Indra , Sisdyani Eka Ardhani
Published: June 2022

Good tax service services must be provided to all taxpayers to increase taxpayer compliance. Tax sanctions are the actions of taxpayers to always obey in paying their obligations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of taxpayer taxes, tax taxes, and tax taxes on tax compliance at KPP Pratama Denpasar Barat. The sample used was 125 respondents. Data was collected through a survey method with a questionnaire instrument. The analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the personality of the taxpayer, the service of the tax authorities, and tax sanctions had a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. This shows that in improving taxpayer compliance, what must be considered are the internal factors of individual taxpayers, namely personality factors; and external factors, namely good service from the tax authorities, and sanctions for violations of taxation.    

Keywords: Taxpayer Personality; Tax Authorities Services; Tax Sanctions; Taxpayer Compliance.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Authors: Rodhiyah Ani , Estiningrum Sri Dwi
Published: June 2022

The research was conducted with the aim of knowing the compliance factors of individual taxpayers in Boyolangu District, Tulungagung Regency. The variables in this research include Tax Amnesty, firmness of tax sanctions and knowledge of taxation. Where knowledge of taxation functions as a moderating variable between Tax Amnesty and the firmness of tax sanctions on individual taxpayer compliance variables. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) technique. The results of data analysis show that Tax Amnesty and the firmness of tax sanctions have no effect on taxpayer compliance, tax knowledge has a positive and significant impact on taxpayer compliance and Tax Knowledge can act as a moderator and can strengthen the relationship between Tax Amnesty and the firmness of tax sanctions on compliance. taxpayer. So that with knowledge of taxation as a moderator causes the effect of Tax Amnesty, and the firmness of tax sanctions on individual taxpayer compliance has a positive and significant influence.

Keywords: Tax Amnesty; Firmness of Sanctions; Knowledge of Taxation; Taxpayer Compliance.
Analisis Kritis Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa Berdasarkan Teori Konflik Karl Marx
Authors: Putri Dina Amalya , Sakti Dwi Putra Buana , Sokarina Ayudia
Published: June 2022

This study aims to critically analyze the accountability of village fund management in X Village based on Karl Marx's Conflict Theory. The method used is qualitative research with a single-case case study approach. Data analysis was carried out using Karl Marx's Conflict Theory. A total of 5 informants. The results of the study revealed that the implementation of village funds did not involve the community, there was dominance of the village head in decision making, budget markups, fictitious accountability reports, there was no openness of the village head and the submission of accountability reports was not timely. Theoretically, the results of this study justify the occurrence of conflict theory as a perspective in the context of managing village funds. The conflict here emphasizes the pluralistic nature of society and the imbalance in the distribution of power that occurs between various groups, because of the power possessed, the elite group also has the power to create regulations. Thus, it is necessary to establish a praxis in the form of transparent and process-oriented village fund management by involving the active participation of the community.

Keywords: Accountability; Village Funds; Conflict Theory; Karl Marx.
Polarisation of Russia’s spatial development: quo vadis?
Authors: Bufetova A. N.
Published: June 2022

Inequality is an inherent property of spatial development, but too high spatial inequality can have  a number of serious consequences, from increased fiscal spending aimed at smoothing fiscal space to slowing national economic development and increasing separatist sentiment. The problem of heterogeneity in spatial development is therefore relevant, especially for countries with a large spatial extent, where such inequalities are naturally higher. In Russia the spatial inequality started to grow since the end of the 20th century and is still considered to be high. The aim of the work was to identify the features of the process of polarization of Russia’s spatial development by analyzing the dynamics of 

economic activity in Russian regions in the 21st century and obtaining extrapolation forecast of interregional distribution of economic activity.

The study was carried out with the help of distribution dynamics analysis methods, using the theory of Markov process with discrete time and continuous state space. The above methods have allowed us to: assess the actual distribution of economic activity indicators of the regions and to conclude about its changes in the first two decades of the 21st century; to obtain extrapolation forecast of the distribution of regional economic activity indicators in the long-run, i.e. to forecast long-run spatial equilibrium; to identify and characterize groups of regions forming “convergence groups” in the long-run. The obtained results led to a conclusion about the increasing polarization of Russia’s regions by the level of economic activity both in the study period and in the long run, while maintaining the current trends, to substantiate the need to expand the practice of applying tools of place-based regional policy.
Improving the Measurement of a Company’s Performance Effectiveness
Authors: Pristavka A. N.
Published: June 2022

In a constantly changing business environment, the company’s management faces new challenges, and the complexity of management increases. In this regard, since the end of the 1980th, after a criticism wave of traditional (financial) methods, performance measurement systems (PMS) have come to the fore, offering ideas and technologies based on a combination of both, financial and non-financial indicators, which are focused on the strategic line of a company.

The purpose of this academic paper is to develop new PMS that combine existing systems’ advantages, as well as eliminating their inherent limitations.

Therefore, in the course of the study, the main limitations of existing performance measurement systems were identified, and a new PMS was proposed, which had a number of advantages over the known ones. This system is focused on maximizing the company’s value, describes contribution to the change in the value of each main business process, product and client, which allows one to get away from aggregation and evaluate performance at each level, as well as turn a set of useful, but somewhat heterogeneous indicators into a system with a clear target.

This PMS is based on the concepts of value-based management (Value Based Management, VBM), strategic management (Strategic Management, SA), process management (Business Process Management, BPM), as well as on the provisions of the performance management concept (Performance Management, PM).

The developed performance measurement system is purposefully based on well-known categories and indicators to increase its practical significance. This PMS will help management to understand what the business is made of, what processes affect the efficiency of its work within the company. After all,  the expediency of an adequate performance measurement for the successful functioning of the company in modern conditions is very significant, since it can help management both, to achieve the desired results and also to see the reserves for improving efficiency.
Uneven Development of the Spatial Economy of the Russian Federation and Differentiation of Growth Factors: Period 2016–2019
Authors: Ibragimov M. M. , Dushenin A. I.
Published: June 2022

The issues of spatial differences in the level of socio-economic development of Russian macroregions, are discusses in the article. Authors analyze the causes and trends of changes in the spatial structure  of macroeconomic indicators by federal districts and evaluate the main factors of regional growth and the potential for further development of the federal districts of the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the spatial economy of Russia in the period 2016–2019, both in the context of federal districts and in the context of the European and Asian parts. The European part of the Russian Federation includes the Central Federal District, the Northwestern Federal District, the Southern Federal District, the Northwestern Federal District, the Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District without  the Tyumen Region. The Asian part of the Russian Federation consists of the Tyumen region, the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District. The main goal of this work is to analyze the growth factors of Russian regions in the period 2016–2019. The research tools include methods for factorial decomposition of increments into quantitative and qualitative features, methods for analyzing structural changes. The paper shows the impact of price and volume changes on GRP growth, the impact of changes in the number of employees and total labor productivity on volume growth, the impact of changes in sectoral labor productivity and the structure of employees on the growth of total labor productivity. The paper also reflects the reasons for the uneven spatial development of the country and presents the contributions of industries to regional growth.
Distribution of Profits from a Commercial Real Estate Object between Investor and Developer
Authors: Safonkin A. Yu. , Khutoretsky A. B.
Published: June 2022

Suppose that a developer initiates an investment project to build and operate a commercial real estate object, invests his own funds and, because they are insufficient, attracts an investor. The operation of the object will presumably generate a profit stream to be shared between the project participants. Suppose that each project participant specifies his requirements for the cost recovery, namely, the discount rate of income stream (the minimum acceptable return on investment) and the maximum acceptable payback period. The use of the investor’s funds imposes an obligation on the developer to fulfill the investor’s requirements on investment return. Developer would like to get rid of this obligation as early as possible. In addition, each project participant has an interest in reducing his payback period. Therefore, minimizing the maximum of the investor’s and the developer’s cost-recovery times (if their costrecovery requirements are met) ensures that the interests of the project participants were aligned. The project can only be realized if there exists a profit-sharing scheme meeting both participants’ cost recovery requirements. In typical profit-sharing schemes, participants’ shares are constant over time and either proportional to participants’ contributions or provide simultaneous cost recovery. We propose to consider a participant’s profit share as a step function of time, with jumps at the moment of his cost recovery and at the moment of his partner’s cost recovery. Such problem statement has not, to our knowledge, been considered before. The problem reduces to the conditional maximization of two nonlinear differentiable functions of one variable. The article justifies an algorithm that either solves the problem or reveals its insolvability. The proposed approach broadens the range of situations in which an acceptable to both participants profit sharing scheme can be found, thus broadening the set of implementable projects.
A simplified overview of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors 2021
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Kannaujia Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2022

Background:

Building on the 2016 updated fourth edition and the work of consortium to inform molecular and practical approach to CNS tumor taxonomy, the major dramatic change occurs in 2021 fifth edition by advancing the role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification. The present review summarizes the major general changes in the 2021 fifth edition classification and the specific changes in each taxonomic category.

Methods:

The review was designed in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Articles published in PubMed Central, Medline, and Embase databases till now were all searched. Only nonexperimental and nonanimal clinical studies were included in the study. Articles written only in the English language were considered.

Results:

All IDH mutant diffuse astrocytic tumors are considered in a single type “astrocytoma IDH mutant” and then graded as CNS WHO Grades 2–4. Pediatric-type diffuse gliomas are now classified as separate entity. Anatomical site is also taken into consideration to classify ependymoma. The “Desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1 mutant” and “Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm of unknown biological potential” are new tumor type added to pineal and neurofibroma group, respectively. Mesenchymal tumor is now termed as only solitary fibrous tumor. Adamantinomatous and papillary subtype of craniopharyngioma are now classified as distinct tumor type. The new term “Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor” has been coined for pituitary adenoma.

Conclusion:

The WHO CNS-5 introduces a new knowledge into the classification with progressive manner by introducing newly recognizing entities, by obsoleting tumor type, and by adjusting the taxonomic structure.
Apoplexy in sellar metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hirayama Masahiro , Ishida Atsushi , Inoshita Naoko , Shiramizu Hideki , Yoshimoto Haruko , Kato Masataka , Tanaka Satoshi , Matsuo Seigo , Miki Nobuhiro , Ono Masami , Yamada Shozo
Published: June 2022

Background:

Pituitary metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is rare and only a few cases have been reported.

Case Description:

We report the case of a patient who presented with visual dysfunction and panhypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary tumor and hydrocephalus. Transsphenoidal surgery had been indicated, but his surgery had been postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic. During that waiting period, he showed pituitary apoplexy with consciousness disturbance, resulting in acute adrenal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus. He was urgently hospitalized and underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Rapid and permanent pathological examinations have confirmed metastasis of PTC to the pituitary. The patient also underwent serial thyroidectomy. He was also suspected to have secondary hydrocephalus and underwent lumboperitoneal shunting after excluding cerebrospinal fluid metastasis. Thereafter, his cognitive dysfunction and performance status improved dramatically.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient with PTC who developed pituitary apoplexy secondary to metastasis.
Intraoperative mobile computed tomography in deep brain stimulation: Comparison between Airo CT and O-arm CT
Authors: Servello Domenico , Saleh Christian , Zekaj Edvin
Published: June 2022

Background:

A new intraoperative mobile device, called Airo computed tomography (CT), is becoming increasingly used in surgery adding to the current most widespread intraoperative imaging in form of the O-arm CT device. Intraoperative CT imaging has the advantage to reduce the discomfort derived from the patient’s transfer from the operative room to the radiological unit and also the time of control or time of reposition in cases of lead misplacement. This is the first rapport on Airo CT device application in DBS surgery.

Methods:

In our retrospective study, we have evaluated 52 patients who had DBS from October 2020 to November 2021. All patients underwent a preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a stereotactic brain CT scan. We performed an intraoperative CT scan with the Airo device. Images were subsequently transferred to the neuronavigation system (BrainLab cranial software) and merged with preoperative planning images to confirm correct position of leads. Five aspects were compared: patient and surgeon comfort, surgical planning, parenchymal visualization, radioscopic lead visualization, and costs.

Results:

Both imaging devices are easy-to-use, precise, and safe and have their pros and cons.

Conclusion:

This is the first study reporting on CT-Airo application in DBS. We advise that if only DBS is considered, the O-arm application might be more suitable. If in addition to DBS cranial surgery is performed, the Airo device is more suitable.
Ruptured traumatic posterior inferior cerebellar artery pseudoaneurysm: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ikeuchi Yusuke , Shimasaki Tomoya , Nitta Naoki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ishii Taiji
Published: June 2022

Background:

Traumatic intracranial aneurysm (TICA) accounts for approximately 1% of cerebral aneurysms. There are few reports of TICA limited to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA-TICA).

Case Description:

A 69-year-old woman fell into a shallow river, bruising her head and chest, and was admitted to our emergency department with disorientation. Computed tomography (CT) showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), left temporal lobe contusion, and fractures of the right temporal bone. A cerebral CT angiogram revealed no vascular abnormalities or aneurysms. The patient was in a semi-comatose state 2 h later, and CT showed worsening SAH. A cerebral angiogram revealed an 11 mm aneurysm of the anterior medullary segment of the right PICA. We attempted intra-aneurysmal embolization intending to preserve the PICA, but the aneurysmal neck was thin, and the microcatheter could not be placed in a stable position. Therefore, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was injected to embolize the aneurysm. When the microcatheter was removed, NBCA was scattered distally in the PICA, and the distal PICA was occluded. The aneurysm could be embolized, but there was an increase in hemorrhagic contusion in the left temporal lobe. Decompression craniectomy was performed, but she died due to hemorrhagic contusion and uncal herniation 6 days after surgery.

Conclusion:

PICA-TICA is often accompanied by IVH and SAH, and there are some reports of cases with a vascular anomaly of the posterior circulation. Since TICA is at risk of rapid growth and rupture, an early and appropriate diagnosis is important.
Influence of adaptative resource of visual system during refractogenesis and the positive results of correction the adaptative resource by using method of optical kinesitherapy and optic trainers “ZENITSA” while treatment of primary students with acquired myopia
Authors:   Izhevsk state medical Academy, Babkina A.S. , Klabukov V.I. ,   Izhevsk state medical Academy, Tcholadze T. ,   Republican ophthalmological clinical hospital MH UR
Published: June 2022

Purpose. Discover value and effectiveness of correction adaptive resource of visual system by using optic trainers “ZENITSA” during treatment of children with acquired myopia and children with predisposition to myopia. Material and methods. There was 26 students of primary school under surveillance. All of them with progressive low myopia and predisposition to myopia. 12 boys and 14 girls with age on average 9.6 ± 0.6 years old. Two courses of optical kinesitherapy using optic trainer “ZENITSA” were done during the study year and having a period 5 months between courses. Results. A binocular visual acuity is increased by an average from 0.48 to 0.80 (p < 0.01). A subjective refraction decreased an average on 0.85D from 2.1 ± 0.58 to (-) 1.25 ± 0.48 (P < 0.05). The reserves of relative accommodation (RRA) increased from 2.32 ± 0,24 to 4.5 D ± 0.22D (p < 0.01). The stability of visual perception to hyperopic retinal defocus increased by an average 13.2 % and the width of visual perception is increased by 0.9 D. There was no increase in refraction. Conclusion. Regular opto-reflexively courses of treatment using optical trainer “ZENITSA” helps to accommodation vergence eye system works better. Usage of optical trainers “ZENITSA” helps to increase adaptive opportunities of visual system, as a result children with myopia and children with predisposition to myopia getting normal process of refractogenesis. Keywords: acquired myopia, adaptive resource, optical trainers “ZENITSA”.
Reconstructive plastic surgery for congenital telecanthus using the z-plasty method. Clinical case
Authors:   Cheboksary Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsyrgery Federal State Institution, Sadykova R.R. , Ryzhevsky D.V. ,   Cheboksary Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsyrgery Federal State Institution
Published: June 2022

Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Z-plasty according to Limberg on the example of a clinical case of a patient with congenital telecanthus. Material and methods. Patient M., 9 years old, applied to the branch with complaints of overhanging skin folds in the medial corner of the eye. Limberg's Z-plasty was chosen as the method of removing telecanthus, which was the most preferable. The observation period was 8 months with postoperative ophthalmological examination and photodocumentation. Results. Elimination of blepharoptosis, shortening of the distance between the medial ligaments of the eye, elimination of the skin fold in the medial corner of the eye and a slight increase in the distance between the upper and lower eyelids were achieved, which gave the look a more natural anatomical shape. Conclusion. Z-plasty according to Limberg is an effective method of surgical treatment for congenital telecanthus. Keywords: telecanthus, medial eyelid ligament, Z-plasty.
Analysis of the results of surgical treatment of macular rupture using platelet-rich autoplasm (prp) in comparison with the method of vacuum matching of the edges of the rupture using a cannula with a silicone tip
Authors:   The State Independent Institution of Additional Professional Education “Institute for the Improvement of Doctors” of the Ministry of Health of Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Spirin A.E. , Pozdeyeva N.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Cheboksary, Russia,   The State Independent Institution of Additional Professional Education “Institute for the Improvement of Doctors” of the Ministry of Health of Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Pashtaev N.P. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Cheboksary, Russia,   The State Independent Institution of Additional Professional Education “Institute for the Improvement of Doctors” of the Ministry of Health of Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Zotov V.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Cheboksary, Russia
Published: June 2022

Purprose. To conduct a comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of macular rupture by vacuum comparison of the edges of the rupture using a cannula with a silicone tip, as well as using platelet-enriched autoplasm (PRP) with subsequent air tamponade of the vitreal cavity. Material and methods. A retrospective study of the medical histories of patients treated at the CHF MNTK MHG from 2017 to 2021, with a diagnosis of a through macular rupture, was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the method of surgical treatment of macular rupture. Patients of group I (control, 44 eyes) with maximum corrected visual acuity before surgery 0.06 ± 0.01; the method of vacuum matching of the rupture edges was performed using a cannula with a silicone tip. In group II (45 eyes) with the maximum corrected visual acuity before surgery 0.09 ± 0.07, platelet-enriched autoplasm (PRP) was used. Results and discussion. The dynamics of visual acuity after surgery in group I after 1 month was 0.1 ± 0.03; after 6 months – 0.1 ± 0.03; after 12 months – 0.1 ± 0.03. In group II, after 1 month, it was 0.26 ± 0.05; after 6 months – 0.3 ± 0.017; after 12 months – 0.5 ± 0.04. When conducting a comparative analysis with the control group, we observed a significant increase in ICOS at the time of 1 and 12 months (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Surgical treatment of macular ruptures using platelet-enriched autoplasm (PRP) is a low-traumatic, highly effective method that allows not only anatomical closure of the macular rupture, but also to improve the functional parameters of the operated eye. Keywords: macular rupture, cannula with silicone tip, PRP, OCT.
The results of the impact of laser radiation in the middle infrared range on the eye
Authors:   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Korobov E.N. , Yusef Y.N. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Petrachkov D.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Novikov I.A. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Kravcik M.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases
Published: June 2022

Purpose. Evaluate the impact of mid-infrared laser radiation on the eye. Material and methods. An experimental laser device “Laser scalpel in the mid-IR range 2–8µm for precision surgery” was used, developed at the Vavilov State Optical Institute. The retina, choroid, and sclera of pig eyes were used as biological tissue. The experiment was carried out in air. The impact of laser radiation on eye tissues was assessed using an EVO LS10 scanning electron microscope from Zeiss (Germany). The depth and diameter of the crater at the site of laser exposure and the width of the collateral injury were assessed. Results and discussion. When exposed to a single laser pulse with an energy of 1 mJ, a through defect of the retina was observed. Under continuous exposure of the choroid to laser radiation with an energy of 1 to 3 mJ, the average depth of the crater was 135 µm, the width of the crater was 97 µm, and the zone of collateral damage was 59 µm. With continuous exposure to laser radiation with similar parameters on the sclera, the depth of the crater, the width of the crater, and the zone of collateral damage were greater. Conclusion. The depth, width of the crater, the zone of collateral damage when exposed to laser radiation depend on the time, frequency and energy of the radiation. This laser can be useful in ophthalmic surgery. However, further studies are needed to optimize the parameters of laser radiation. Keywords: vitrectomy; laser vitrectomy; photovitrectomy; Er:YAG laser; mid-infrared spectrum; laser ablation; precision surgery.
Analysis of the trabecular pigmentation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma using the colorimetric scale
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Institution “S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center „MNTK „Eye Microsurgery“ of Healthсare of the Russian Federation, Volgograd branch, Sarkisyan A.S. , Balalin S.V. ,   Federal State Autonomous Institution “S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center „MNTK „Eye Microsurgery“ of Healthсare of the Russian Federation, Volgograd branch, Balalin A.S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Institution “S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center „MNTK „Eye Microsurgery“ of Healthсare of the Russian Federation, Volgograd branch, Dzhashe B.G. ,   Federal State Autonomous Institution “S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center „MNTK „Eye Microsurgery“ of Healthсare of the Russian Federation, Volgograd branch
Published: June 2022

Purpose. Development of a photocolorimetric scale to assess the extent of trabecula pigmentation along its circumference in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Material and methods. Study of 36 patients (62 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma was performed. Average age: 61.5 ± 9.8 years (48–75 years). Men – 24 (40 eyes), women – 12 (22 eyes). All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, as well as photoregistration of the iridocorneal angle along the circumference. Using the Pixelmator Pro (Pixelmator Team, USA) and the photographic images, we performed colorimetric estimation of the degree of the iridocorneal angle pigmentation at 360°. RGB values for weak, moderate, pronounced, and sharply pronounced trabecular pigmentation were determined. Using color model HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) derived percentages (range) corresponding to a certain degree of trabecular pigmentation. Results. Basing on the results, a colorimetric scale was developed for quantifying the trabecular pigmentation degree in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Conclusion. Photocolorimetric analysis of trabecular pigmentation along the circumference of the iridocorneal angle in patients with primary open angle glaucoma was possible with using Nidek GS-1 gonioscope. The application of RGB- and HSL-color models allows to estimate with high reliability the differences between the levels of trabecular pigmentation in patients with glaucoma. Using a photocolorimetric scale allows to estimate objectively the efficacy of laser operations aimed at reducing the degree of trabecular pigmentation along the entire circumference of the iridocorneal angle. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, gonioscopy, photocolorimetric assessment of the pigmentation degree, colorimetric scale.
Comparative analysis of the efficiency of binocular vision formation in pa-tients with congenital esotropia after surgical treatment using prismatic cor-rection and orthoptic treatment
Authors:   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Gladysheva G.V. , Plisov I.L. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Antsiferova N.G. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Mamulat D.R. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To carry out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the formation of binocular vision in patients with congenital esotropia after surgical treatment using prismatic correction and orthoptic treatment. Material and methods. The study included 30 patients who, depending on the tactics of treatment, were divided into 2 groups. The first (main) – 15 patients who underwent postoperative prismatic correction of the angle of deviation using Fresnel prisms. The second (control) – 15 patients who underwent postoperative orthoptic treatment (alternate occlusion, Chermak illumination, orthoptic treatment on the synoptophore). Results. In the main group, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of binocular (p = 0.041) and stereo vision (p = 0.013). In the control group, these indicators were also significantly improved (p = 0.134; p = 0.134, respectively). Significant differences between the groups were observed only in the frequency of stereo vision formation (p = 0.041). Conclusion. Prismatic correction is a more effective method of functional treatment of patients with congenital esotropia after the surgical stage in comparison with traditional orthoptic treatment, including for children of preverbal age. Keywords: infantile esotropia, single binocular vision, Fresnel prisms.
Creating a reference atlas of cultures for evaluation of microbiological status of ocular surface by scanning electron microscopy with lanthanide contrasting
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Rodina E.S. , Chebotar I.V. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Kravchik M.V. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Lyamin A.V. ,   Samara State Medical University, Fetser E.I. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University),   N.I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Zaitsev A.V. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Novikov I.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Research Medical University,   Design Information Technologies Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Odintsovo, Russia
Published: June 2022

Relevance. In modern ophthalmology, for the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface, a new technique is needed that allows significantly reducing the study time, increasing the informative value of visual data. Scanning electron microscopy can become such a method, provided that a determinant atlas is created with a set of reference cultures for preliminary identification of microorganisms detected on the ocular surface. Purpose. The purpose of our study is to create an atlas of microorganisms, samples of which were prepared by the method of lanthanide contrast for SEM. Material and methods. We used cultures of microorganisms of the following species Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, Corinebacterium diphthereae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rothia mucilaginosa, Salmonella enterica, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Mycobacterium abscessus. Samples of reference cultures of microorganisms were prepared by the method of lanthanide contrast for SEM. Further, the obtained images of microorganisms were used to compile illustrations of the atlas and analyze the features that are conservative for the defined groups. Results and discussions. 45 images were obtained with a standard resolution of 58.1 nm/px at 1024x768 px and 452 images with a standard resolution of 21 nm/px at 1024x768 px. Preliminary data of typing indicate that with the help of the proposed atlas-determinant, a satisfactory diagnosis up to the genus-level clusters is possible. Conclusion. The atlas with illustrations of reference cultures, the most common microorganisms on the ocular surface, will be the first step for the introduction of a new technique as an express diagnosis of infectious diseases of the eye. Keywords: scanning electron microscopy, lanthanide contrast, rapid diagnostic method, inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface.
Experience in using the capabilities of laser speckle flowgraphy in macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusions (preliminary report)
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Fil А.А. , Sorokin Е.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Kolenko О.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the features of blood flow in the optic nerve disc (OND) in patients with macular edema on the background of retinal vein occlusions (RVO). Material and methods. The study included 30 patients (30 eyes) with macular edema on the background of acute respiratory viral infections. Their age ranged from 38 to 84 years (on average 60 ± 10.5 years). There were 11 men and 19 women among them. The control group included 15 somatically healthy patients with no vascular pathology of the eye (30 eyes). In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, all patients underwent a study of the state of retinal blood flow by laser speckle-fluorography. To assess the blood circulation of the vessels around the optic nerve disc, a circular marker was installed, after which the software allowed to evaluate the following parameters: the average value of the blurriness of the image of the blood vessel area (MV); the average value of the blurriness of the image of the tissue area (MT); the average value of the blurriness of the image of the entire measured area (MA); the average value of the blurriness of the image of the area of blood vessels, reduced by the same indicator related to the area of tissue – this indicator reflects the blood flow in the retinal vessels (MV–MT). Results. In the course of the study, a significant decrease in the velocity parameters of the blood flow of the optic disc region was revealed in patients of the main group relative to the control group. The parameters MV–MT, MV, MT decreased by 20, 22, 26 % in the main group relative to the control group (p < 0.001). The most pronounced decrease was revealed for the MA indicator. This parameter decreased by 32 % in patients with retinal vein occlusions (p < 0.001). Conclusion. In our pilot study, a statistically significant decrease in the average blur speed was revealed in patients with macular edema on the background of ORV, which indicates a violation of blood flow and indicates the prospects of using the method in clinical practice. Keywords: laser speckle-fluorography, average blurring rate, retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, chorioretinal blood flow.
Comparative characteristics of the effectiveness of laser coagulation and the introduction of the anti-VEGF as methods of treating aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Kovarda A.R. , Astasheva I.B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,   Yudina City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Sidorenko E.E. ,   St.Luka's Clinical Research Center for Children, Logvinova S.L. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Pechenina D.N. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Novgorodova T.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Mishanina V.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Buldakov I.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Published: June 2022

Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APRP) is the most severe form of this disease and is difficult to treat. Purpose. Comparison of the effectiveness of the treatment of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity with laser photocoagulation and the introduction of anti-VEGF. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of the case histories of 92 people (184 eyes) with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity was carried out. Group I (58 people – 116 eyes) – laser coagulation of the retina was performed; Group II (34 people – 68 eyes) – intravitreal injection of a vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) – Ranibizumab was used. The evaluation of the results was carried out according to three main indicators: stabilization of the disease, normalization of the periphery of the retina after treatment, as well as the time spent on providing anesthesia. Conclusion. The effectiveness of the treatment of aggressive posterior ROP was significantly higher with the introduction of the anti-VEGF – 97 % than with laser photocoagulation – 82.7 %, at p < 0.05. Complete regression of posterior aggressive ROP is observed significantly earlier after laser photocoagulation – 50.2 ± 2.17 weeks than after the introduction of the anti-VEGF – 63.5 ± 3.47 minutes, at p < 0.05. Normalization of the retina occurs significantly more often after the introduction of the anti-VEGF – 27.3 % than with laser photocoagulation, at p < 0.001. The time of anesthetic relief is significantly less with the introduction of the anti-VEGF – 7.5 ± 1.19 min. than with laser photocoagulation – 66.3 ± 13.7 min., at p < 0.001. Preferential intravitreal administration of the anti-VEGF is indicated for impaired visualization of the retina and its edema. Conclusion. In the treatment of posterior aggressive retinopathy of prematurity, intravitreal administration of the anti-VEGF is preferable. Given the novelty of this technique, the functional and structural outcomes of this manipulation are for further study. Keywords: anti-VEGF, laser photocoagulation, aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity, ranibizumab.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the indicators of planned hospitalization of ophthalmic patients
Authors:   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Korneva K.S. , Nefedov N.A. ,   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Alexandrov A.S. ,   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Alexandrova L.A. ,   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Kushim Z.P. ,   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Lyasota E.V. ,   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Orlovskaya L.E. ,   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Davidova N.L. ,   FGKU «KDC GSH of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», Moscow
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to quite significant changes in the timing of hospitalization of surgical patients. Meanwhile, due to the increasing burden on healthcare systems, there has been a trend for quite a long time towards early discharge after surgical interventions associated with the introduction of new methods of treatment. Purpose. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalization rates for ophthalmic patients. Material and methods. A retrospective evaluation of these patients referred for inpatient treatment in 2015–2019 was carried out (n = 2212, age: 74.9 + 10.6 years, of which men accounted for 64.5 %, women – 35.5 %) and in 2020–2021 (n = 766, age: 73.1 ± 10.4 years, of which men accounted for 67.6 %, women – 32.4 %). The impact of the pandemic was assessed by comparing the structure of diseases, the number of patients, the duration of hospitalization. Results. The total duration of hospitalization of ophthalmic patients decreased by 20.7 % (from 5.8 ± 3.7 to 4.6 ± 3.0 bed-days), including: in senile cataract – by 16.3 % (from 4.9 ± 2.4 to 4.1 ± 1.8 bed-days), with secondary cataract – by 16.1 % (from 3.1 ± 2.1 to 2.6 ± 1.4 bed-days). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with senile cataract (by 8.4 %) and age-related macular degeneration, wet form (by 5 %), and a decrease in the proportion of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (by 9.4 %) and age-related macular degeneration, dry form (by 5 %). Hospitalization of ophthalmic patients decreased by 16.2 %. Against this background, there was an increase in the number of patients with cataracts (by 5 %) and age-related macular degeneration, wet form (by 12.3 %). Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant change in the structure of hospitalization and a reduction in the duration of inpatient treatment of ophthalmological patients. Keywords: COVID -19 pandemic, ophthalmology, planned hospitalization.