bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Origin Analysis of “reversal foreset” of Late Carboniferous MKT Formation in Central Block of Pre-caspian Basin
Authors: Liang Hong , Hansong Dai , Xi Zheng , Bin Zhang , Yajun Zhang , Guobin Li
Published: November 2020

The configuration of “reversal foreset”, which is a common geologic sedimentary phenomenon in seismic exploration, has been fully understood on its mechanism. In central block of pre-caspian Basin, a series of NE “reversal foreset” configurations were found. This kind of reflection is completely opposite to the paleogeomorphology which is high in the west and low in the east. It is difficult to clarify the origin mechanism of the “reversal foreset” configuration without sufficient data and understanding of regional tectonic evolution. Interpretations provided by previous studies did not reach a consensus understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary structures in the area. In this paper, based on well and regional data, the previous interpretations are analyzed, and the idea is put forward that the “reversal foreset” configuration represents superimposed retrogradation bodies developed in the process of rapid water flooding, and its formation is controlled by three factors -- “weak supply of single source”, “rapid transgression (weak source supply)” and “low and gentle depositional slope”. This recognition helps understanding the sedimentary evolution characteristics of the Late Carboniferous MKT formation in central block of Pre-caspian basin and promotes the later exploration of lithologic reservoir.
Research on life-cycle working path of timber based on case study in United Kingdom
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Ma Jing , Lan Liqian , Liu Hongjie , Peng Kaiyu
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on the general knowledge and basic use of timber based on the case study in United Kingdom. It is narrated from the whole life cycle of wood, from its cradle to death, including its growth, application, degradation, decay detection repairing methods and techniques, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance on the wider application of wood in architecture, especially on the conservation of historic buildings.
Importance of corresponding territory investigation to work of responsible planners from content and time sequence perspective
Authors: Deng Xiaoying , Ma Jing
Published: November 2020

In 2019, Beijing issued the Beijing Implementation Measures for the Responsible Planners System. The responsible planners then became one of fundamental strength in the refined urban governance chain. This paper discusses the importance of corresponding territory investigation to the work of responsible planners from content and time sequence perspective. This paper also points out the relationship between “urban physical examination” and corresponding territory investigation of responsible planners in the era of big data, and offers suggestions for the promotion of future work.
Evaluation of dimensional stability of metering truss structure using built-in laser interferometric dilatometer
Authors: Kitamoto Kazuya , Kamiya Tomohiro , Mizutani Tadahito
Published: November 2020

Dimensional stability in a space telescope is one of the important factors for performing high-resolution observations. The supporting structures between the primary and the secondary mirrors in a space telescope are required to maintain the mirror positions with the proper focus for minimizing the optical alignment error. In orbit, the harsh environment subjects a space telescope to temperature variations that can lead to deformation of those structures and degradation of the telescope’s optical performance. Several approaches are available for achieving high dimensional stability. They include minimizing temperature variations with active thermal control, designing the structure with low thermal expansion materials, and correcting the shape and/or position of the structure with actuators. An optimum combination of these measures is determined based on an accurate evaluation of the dimensional stability of the structures. This paper proposes a displacement measuring interferometer system with a simple, robust, and compact sensor that can monitor the dimensional stability of the precise structure by integrating the sensor into the structure. In this technique, a Fabry–Perot displacement sensor was built into the end of a strut that is a component of a metering truss structure. Two types of truss struts were tested to verify the performance of the proposed technique in measuring thermal expansions. The first one was the prototype that was made of stainless steel (SUS304). The other strut was made of a low thermal expansion ceramic (SiAlON) that is one of the most promising materials for a highly thermo-stable satellite structure. The thermal dimensional stability of these struts was evaluated by using the proposed technique and compared with conventional dilatometers for validating this new technique. The results showed that the technique has similar precision to the conventional measurement system and provide a more convenient and stable measurement system.
From Disputation Hall to High Office: Swedish Students’ Legal Dissertations at German and Dutch Universities in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Vasara-Aaltonen Marianne
Published: November 2020

Swedish students commonly studied abroad, especially during the seventeenth century. This was true also for those studying law. This article examines the legal dissertations that Swedish students defended during their visits to foreign universities in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The universities of Greifswald and Leiden produced the most dissertations with Swedish respondents. After discussing the practice of written dissertations and Swedes as respondents more generally, the dissertations of some Swedish students are examined in more detail. This analysis showed that many Swedes probably wrote the dissertations themselves, or at least actively participated, as references to Swedish law were common. By reflecting these dissertations with developments in early modern Sweden, the article provides new insight into the educational level of the slowly emerging Swedish legal profession of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It shows how dissertations defended abroad were a good way to highlight one’s expertise in a country like Sweden, which was still in dire need of legal professionals.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate as a Prognostic Marker of Disease Severity and Mortality in Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Abassi Mahsa , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Nuwagira Edwin , Kandole Tadeo Kiiza , Okirwoth Michael , Williams Darlisha A , Mpoza Edward , Tugume Lillian , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Huppler Hullsiek Kathy , Musubire Abdu K , Muzoora Conrad , Rhein Joshua , Meya David B , Boulware David R
Published: November 2020

Background

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels can be used to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. We measured CSF lactate in individuals with cryptococcal meningitis to determine its clinical significance.

Methods

We measured point-of-care CSF lactate at the bedside of 319 Ugandan adults living with human immunodeficiency virus at diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. We summarized demographic variables and clinical characteristics by CSF lactate tertiles. We evaluated the association of CSF lactate with clinical characteristics and survival.

Results

Individuals with high CSF lactate >5 mmol/L at cryptococcal diagnosis more likely presented with altered mental status (P < .0001), seizures (P = .0005), elevated intracranial opening pressure (P = .03), higher CSF white cells (P = .007), and lower CSF glucose (P = .0003) compared with those with mid-range (3.1 to 5 mmol/L) or low (≤3 mmol/L) CSF lactate levels. Two-week mortality was higher among individuals with high baseline CSF lactate >5 mmol/L (35%; 38 of 109) compared with individuals with mid-range (22%; 25 of 112) or low CSF lactate (9%; 9 of 97; P =<.0001). After multivariate adjustment, CSF lactate >5 mmol/L remained independently associated with excess mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–7.51; P = .002). We found no correlation between baseline CSF lactate levels and blood capillary lactate levels.

Conclusions

Baseline point-of-care CSF lactate levels are a prognostic marker of disease severity and mortality in cryptococcal meningitis. Individuals with an elevated baseline CSF lactate level are more likely to present with altered mental status, seizures, and elevated CSF opening pressure and are at a greater risk of death. Future studies are needed to determine targeted therapeutic management strategies in persons with high CSF lactate.
Diving deep into trouble: the role of foraging strategy and morphology in adapting to a changing environment
Authors: Ladds Monique , Rosen David , Gerlinsky Carling , Slip David , Harcourt Robert
Published: November 2020

Physiology places constraints on an animal’s ability to forage and those unable to adapt to changing conditions may face increased challenges to reproduce and survive. As the global marine environment continues to change, small, air-breathing, endothermic marine predators such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions) and particularly females, who are constrained by central place foraging during breeding, may experience increased difficulties in successfully obtaining adequate food resources. We explored whether physiological limits of female otariids may be innately related to body morphology (fur seals vs sea lions) and/or dictate foraging strategies (epipelagic vs mesopelagic or benthic). We conducted a systematic review of the increased body of literature since the original reviews of Costa et al. (When does physiology limit the foraging behaviour of freely diving mammals? Int Congr Ser 2004;1275:359–366) and Arnould and Costa (Sea lions in drag, fur seals incognito: insights from the otariid deviants. In Sea Lions of the World Fairbanks. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Alaska, USA, pp. 309–324, 2006) on behavioural (dive duration and depth) and physiological (total body oxygen stores and diving metabolic rates) parameters. We estimated calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL—estimated duration of aerobic dives) for species and used simulations to predict the proportion of dives that exceeded the cADL. We tested whether body morphology or foraging strategy was the primary predictor of these behavioural and physiological characteristics. We found that the foraging strategy compared to morphology was a better predictor of most parameters, including whether a species was more likely to exceed their cADL during a dive and the ratio of dive time to cADL. This suggests that benthic and mesopelagic divers are more likely to be foraging at their physiological capacity. For species operating near their physiological capacity (regularly exceeding their cADL), the ability to switch strategies is limited as the cost of foraging deeper and longer is disproportionally high, unless it is accompanied by physiological adaptations. It is proposed that some otariids may not have the ability to switch foraging strategies and so be unable adapt to a changing oceanic ecosystem.
A case report of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy in everyday practice: a specific cause that cannot be missed in the elderly
Authors: Chiou Andrew , Aman Edris , Kesarwani Manoj
Published: November 2020

Background 

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a commonly misdiagnosed cardiac condition due to low disease awareness and perceived rarity, which frequently results in incorrect management and poor outcomes. Early and prompt diagnosis has become critical with emerging therapies that improve patient survival.

Case summary 

A 68-year-old woman presented to a tertiary care centre with acute decompensated heart failure following recurrent hospitalizations for the same issue over the past several months. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with grade III diastolic dysfunction. However, QRS voltage by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was discordant with the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy seen by echocardiography, and the patient had recurrent non-sustained ventricular tachycardia that necessitated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation a few months prior. After aggressive diuresis, the patient completed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging that raised concern for cardiac amyloidosis. Subsequent serum and urine protein electrophoresis with associated immunofixation were within normal limits. Finally, ATTR-CM was confirmed by technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy with plans to initiate tafamidis after genetic testing.

Discussion 

Patients >60 years of age with diastolic heart failure phenotypically similar to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or hypertensive heart disease should always be evaluated for ATTR-CM. Features that increase suspicion include discordance between left ventricular wall thickness and ECG voltage, and signs/symptoms of a primary peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. Useful non-invasive diagnostic testing has also made the diagnosis of ATTR-CM inexpensive and possible without the need for an endomyocardial biopsy. Unfortunately, this patient’s diagnosis of ATTR-CM came late in her disease course, which delayed the onset of definitive therapy.
Transvenous ethanol ablation in epicardial localization of ventricular arrhythmias: a case report
Authors: Narziev Bakhodir , Yakubov Akmal , Ganiev Aliyor , Hamraev Ramesh
Published: November 2020

Background 

An endocardial radiofrequency ablation is a common approach for the treatment of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia. However, rare cases have been reported in which ventricular arrhythmia could not be ablated from endocardium due to an epicardial origin of the arrhythmia.

Case summary 

In this article, we describe the rarely used, but acceptable approach to terminate ventricular arrhythmias in the summit of the left ventricle. We present a case of a 56-year-old patient with sustained monomorphic premature ventricular complexes, originating from the summit of the left ventricle, that were successfully eliminated. After unsuccessful ablation of the anterior wall right ventricular outflow tract, left coronary cusp, and distal coronary sinus, arrhythmia was eliminated by method of transvenous ethanol ablation. Complaints, such as palpitations and weakness, resolved after the procedure.

Discussion 

This approach is used when an epicardial location of the substrate of arrhythmia is suspected and ablation through the right ventricular outflow tract, left coronary cusp, and great cardiac vein fails. The total effectiveness of eliminating ventricular arrhythmia increases if it is possible to use endo- and epicardial methods of mapping and ablation. In clinics with extensive experience in this area, ethanol ablation of epicardial ventricular arrhythmia is safe and effective.
Life-threatening arrhythmias with autosomal recessive TECRL variants
Authors: Webster Gregory , Aburawi Elhadi H , Chaix Marie A , Chandler Stephanie , Foo Roger , Islam A K M Monwarul , Kammeraad Janneke A E , Rioux John D , Al-Gazali Lihadh , Sayeed Md Zahidus , Xiao Tingting , Zhang Han , Xie Lijian , Hou Cuilan , Ing Alexander , Yap Kai Lee , Wilde Arthur A M , Bhuiyan Zahurul A
Published: November 2020

Aims 

Sudden death and aborted sudden death have been observed in patients with biallelic variants in TECRL. However, phenotypes have only begun to be described and no data are available on medical therapy after long-term follow-up.

Methods and results 

An international, multi-centre retrospective review was conducted. We report new cases associated with TECRL variants and long-term follow-up from previously published cases. We present 10 cases and 37 asymptomatic heterozygous carriers. Median age at onset of cardiac symptoms was 8 years (range 1–22 years) and cases were followed for an average of 10.3 years (standard deviation 8.3), right censored by death in three cases. All patients on metoprolol, bisoprolol, or atenolol were transitioned to nadolol or propranolol due to failure of therapy. Phenotypes typical of both long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) were observed. We also observed divergent phenotypes in some cases despite identical homozygous variants. None of 37 heterozygous family members had a cardiac phenotype.

Conclusion 

Patients with biallelic pathogenic TECRL variants present with variable cardiac arrhythmia phenotypes, including those typical of long QT syndrome and CPVT. Nadolol and propranolol may be superior beta-blockers in this setting. No cardiac disease or sudden death was present in patients with a heterozygous genotype.
Environmental abiotic and biotic factors affecting the distribution and abundance ofNaegleria fowleri
Authors: Stahl Leigha M , Olson Julie B
Published: November 2020

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living protozoan that resides in soil and freshwater. Human intranasal amoebae exposure through water or potentially dust particles can culminate in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which generally causes death. While many questions remain regarding pathogenesis, the microbial ecology of N. fowleri is even less understood. This review outlines current knowledge of the environmental abiotic and biotic factors that affect the distribution and abundance of N. fowleri. Although the impacts of some abiotic factors remain poorly investigated or inconclusive, N. fowleri appears to have a wide pH range, low salinity tolerance and thermophilic preference. From what is known about biotic factors, the amoebae preferentially feed upon bacteria and are preyed upon by other free-living amoebae. Additional laboratory and environmental studies are needed to fill in knowledge gaps, which are crucial for surveillance and management of N. fowleri in freshwaters. As surface water temperatures increase with climate change, it is likely that this amoeba will pose a greater threat to human health, suggesting that identifying its abiotic and biotic preferences is critical to mitigating this risk.
The Population-Specific Impact of Neandertal Introgression on Human Disease
Authors: Dannemann Michael
Published: November 2020

Since the discovery of admixture between modern humans and Neandertals, multiple studies investigated the effect of Neandertal-derived DNA on human disease and nondisease phenotypes. These studies have linked Neandertal ancestry to skin- and hair-related phenotypes, immunity, neurological, and behavioral traits. However, these inferences have so far been limited to cohorts with participants of European ancestry. Here, I analyze summary statistics from 40 disease GWAS (genome-wide association study) cohorts of ∼212,000 individuals provided by the Biobank Japan Project for phenotypic effects of Neandertal DNA. I show that Neandertal DNA is associated with autoimmune diseases, prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes. Many of these disease associations are linked to population-specific Neandertal DNA, highlighting the importance of studying a wider range of ancestries to characterize the phenotypic legacy of Neandertals in people today.
City Government’s Adoption of Housing Adaptation Policy Innovation for Older Adults: Evidence From China
Authors: Chu Yongqiang
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Utilizing policy innovation and diffusion theory, this study aims to explain why city governments adopt housing adaptation policies that primarily benefit older people based on the case of China.

Methods

The data are drawn from an event history data set of a housing adaptation policy for older people collected from 283 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2018. Piecewise constant exponential models are utilized.

Results

The results indicate that cities facing greater internal pressure and a higher political status are more likely to adopt a housing adaptation policy for older people. Policy adoption by neighboring cities could further facilitate this process.

Discussion

Policy innovation and diffusion theory provide a useful framework for this study. That is, the Chinese city government’s adoption of housing adaptation policy for older adults is initially driven by local needs and then accelerated by interactions among neighboring governments.
Cardiovascular Health at the Intersection of Race and Gender: Identifying Life-Course Processes to Reduce Health Disparities
Authors: Lee Chioun , Park Soojin , Boylan Jennifer M
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with reductions in age-related disease and later-life mortality. Black adults, particularly Black women, are less likely to achieve ideal CVH. Guided by intersectionality and life-course approaches, we examine to what degree (a) disparities in CVH exist at the intersection of race and gender and (b) CVH disparities would be reduced if marginalized groups had the same levels of resources and adversities as privileged groups.

Methods

We used biomarker subsamples from the Midlife in the United States Core and Refresher studies (N = 1,948). Causal decomposition analysis was implemented to test hypothetical interventions to equalize the distribution of early-life adversities (ELAs), perceived discrimination, or midlife socioeconomic status (SES) between marginalized and privileged groups. We conducted sensitivity analyses to determine to what degree unmeasured confounders would invalidate our findings.

Results

White women have the highest CVH score, followed by White men, Black men, and Black women. Intervening on ELAs would reduce the disparities: White men versus Black women (30% reduction) and White women versus Black women (15%). Intervening on perceived discrimination would not substantially change initial disparities. Intervening on midlife SES would yield large disparity reductions: White men versus Black men (64%), White men versus Black women (60%), and White women versus Black women (27%). These reductions are robust to unmeasured confounders.

Discussion

Providing economic security in adulthood for Blacks may help reduce racial disparities in CVH. Preventing exposure to ELAs among Black women may reduce their vulnerability to cardiovascular disease, compared to White adults.
Pre-pandemic Ageism Toward Older Adults Predicts Behavioral Intentions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lytle Ashley , Apriceno MaryBeth , Macdonald Jamie , Monahan Caitlin , Levy Sheri R
Published: November 2020

Objectives

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, older adults have been disproportionately affected by high rates of health complications and mortality. Reactions toward older adults included a mix of prosocial behaviors and ageist responses, consistent with the history of positive and negative views and treatment of older adults in the United States.

Methods

In a two-part study (n = 113, Mage = 18.49, SD = 0.50; range 18–19), we examined whether pre-pandemic ageism among undergraduates predicts prosocial behavioral intentions toward older adults both specific to COVID-19 and in general.

Results

Pre-pandemic ageism toward older adults predicted less intentions to help older adults generally and specific to COVID-19. Whereas viewing older adults as incompetent predicted greater intentions to help specific to COVID-19.

Discussion

These results reflect the complexity of predicting helping behaviors and suggest that even supportive behaviors toward older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic may be rooted in negative ageist stereotypes. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
The ‘ASEANization’ of non-ASEAN stakeholders in regional climate change cooperation
Authors: Qiao-Franco Guangyu
Published: November 2020

This article examines the inward–out influence from Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) to extra-regionally based actors, here defined as non-ASEAN stakeholders, in regional cooperation on climate change. The case study on the ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change (AFCC) indicates that non-ASEAN stakeholders underwent ‘ASEANization’ when adapting their rhetoric and practices in line with regional normative contexts and interests. In the forestry sector of AFCC where power asymmetry favored non-ASEAN actors, a relatively low level of ASEANization occurred as non-ASEAN stakeholders glossed over complex issues and constructed coherence between local and outside agendas. In the agricultural sector where power asymmetry was not as prevalent, a higher level of ASEANization unfolded where non-ASEAN stakeholders became more flexible on mitigation agendas, given strong regional resistance to go beyond adaptation. Moreover, inward–out influence existed in both sectors as long-term socialization led to coordination and adjustments of expectations and practices concerning cooperation efforts on both sides.
Evaluation of Patient Demographics in Clinical Cancer Genomic Testing
Authors: Winston-McPherson Gabrielle N , Mathias Patrick C , Lockwood Christina M , Greene Dina N
Published: November 2020

Background

Inequitable use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing for cancer risk and treatment can contribute to heath disparity. Consequently, it is important to assess the population receiving this testing. In this article, we characterize the population receiving both germline and somatic NGS testing for cancer predisposition and precision oncology at the Genetics and Solid Tumors Laboratory of the University of Washington Medical Center.

Methods

The general demographics, including ancestry, of patients receiving somatic testing to identify genes related to cancer treatment or prognosis, diagnosis, or germline testing for heritable cancer risk from January 2015 to July 2017 were characterized. Ancestry was determined using single nucleotide variant data and documented pedigree. The demographics of the patient population receiving testing were compared with a reference population comprising patients receiving care from the University of Washington Medical Center with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of breast, ovary, colon, rectum, or prostate between January 2015 and May 2018.

Results

A total of 2210 unique patients were included in this study. Women composed 66% of our total tested population. Patients of European ancestry composed 78% of the tested cohort. The percentages of American Indian/Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander in the cohort receiving NGS testing were significantly different than their respective distributions in the reference cohort.

Conclusions

Characterizing the demographics of patients receiving NGS testing for cancer predisposition and precision oncology using single nucleotide variant data and documented pedigree may help identify potential health disparities.
Insecure messaging: how clinicians approach potentially problematic messages from patients
Authors: Lee Joy L , Matthias Marianne S , Huffman Monica , Frankel Richard M , Weiner Michael
Published: November 2020

Objective

Secure messaging has become an integrated function of patient portals, but misuse of secure messaging by both patients and clinicians can lead to miscommunication and errors, such as overlooked urgent messages. We sought to uncover variations in clinician approaches and responses to messaging with patients.

Methods

In this two-part study, 20 primary care clinicians (1) composed message responses to five hypothetical patient vignettes and messages and (2) were subsequently interviewed for their perspectives on appropriate circumstances for secure messaging. Messages and interviews were analyzed for themes.

Results

Clinicians have different experiences with, and perceptions of, secure messaging. The messages the clinicians wrote were uniformly respectful, but differed in degrees of patient-centeredness and level of detail. None of the clinicians found their messaging workload to be unmanageable. From the interviews, we found divergent clinician perspectives about when to use secure messaging and how to respond to emotional content.

Conclusion

Clinicians have different opinions about the appropriateness of secure messaging in response to specific medical issues. Our results noted a desire and need for greater guidance about secure messaging. This aspect of informatics education warrants greater attention in clinical practice.

Practical implications

We summarize the types of issues raised by the participants yet to be addressed by existing guidelines. Further guidance from hospitals, professional societies, and other institutions that govern clinician behavior on the appropriateness and effectiveness of delivering care through secure messaging may aid clinicians and patients.
Patient-generated health data and electronic health record integration: a scoping review
Authors: Tiase Victoria L , Hull William , McFarland Mary M , Sward Katherine A , Del Fiol Guilherme , Staes Catherine , Weir Charlene , Cummins Mollie R
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Patient-generated health data (PGHD) are clinically relevant data captured by patients outside of the traditional care setting. Clinical use of PGHD has emerged as an essential issue. This study explored the evidence to determine the extent of and describe the characteristics of PGHD integration into electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods

In August 2019, we conducted a systematic scoping review. We included studies with complete, partial, or in-progress PGHD and EHR integration within a clinical setting. The retrieved articles were screened for eligibility by 2 researchers, and data from eligible articles were abstracted, coded, and analyzed.

Results

A total of 19 studies met inclusion criteria after screening 9463 abstracts. Most of the study designs were pilots and all were published between 2013 and 2019. Types of PGHD were biometric and patient activity (57.9%), questionnaires and surveys (36.8%), and health history (5.3%). Diabetes was the most common patient condition (42.1%) for PGHD collection. Active integration (57.9%) was slightly more common than passive integration (31.6%). We categorized emergent themes into the 3 steps of PGHD flow. Themes emerged concerning resource requirements, data delivery to the EHR, and preferences for review.

Discussion

PGHD integration into EHRs appears to be at an early stage. PGHD have the potential to close health care gaps and support personalized medicine. Efforts are needed to understand how to optimize PGHD integration into EHRs considering resources, standards for EHR delivery, and clinical workflows.
Optimizing COVID-19 testing capabilities and clinical management using pathology informatics
Authors: Chamala Srikar , Flax Sherri , Starostik Petr , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Iovine Nicole M , Majety Siddardha , Newsom Kimberly J , Reeves Mary , Joshi-Guske Michael J , Downey Maggie M , Lele Tanmay P , Clare-Salzler Michael J
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019, first reported in China in late 2019, has quickly spread across the world. The outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Here, we describe our initial efforts at the University of Florida Health for processing of large numbers of tests, streamlining data collection, and reporting data for optimizing testing capabilities and superior clinical management. Specifically, we discuss clinical and pathology informatics workflows and informatics instruments which we designed to meet the unique challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We hope these results benefit institutions preparing to implement SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Natural language processing for abstraction of cancer treatment toxicities: accuracy versus human experts
Authors: Hong Julian C , Fairchild Andrew T , Tanksley Jarred P , Palta Manisha , Tenenbaum Jessica D
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Expert abstraction of acute toxicities is critical in oncology research but is labor-intensive and variable. We assessed the accuracy of a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to extract symptoms from clinical notes compared to physicians.

Materials and Methods

Two independent reviewers identified present and negated National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 symptoms from 100 randomly selected notes for on-treatment visits during radiation therapy with adjudication by a third reviewer. A NLP pipeline based on Apache clinical Text Analysis Knowledge Extraction System was developed and used to extract CTCAE terms. Accuracy was assessed by precision, recall, and F1.

Results

The NLP pipeline demonstrated high accuracy for common physician-abstracted symptoms, such as radiation dermatitis (F1 0.88), fatigue (0.85), and nausea (0.88). NLP had poor sensitivity for negated symptoms.

Conclusion

NLP accurately detects a subset of documented present CTCAE symptoms, though is limited for negated symptoms. It may facilitate strategies to more consistently identify toxicities during cancer therapy.
The Distribution of Quetiapine and 7-Hydroxyquetiapine in Guinea Pig Hair Roots and Shafts after Repeated Administration: Exploration of the Mechanism of Drug Entry and Retention in Hair
Authors: Ji Jiao-Jiao , Yan Hui , Xiang Ping , Wang Xin , Shen Min
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the distribution of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in guinea pig hair roots and shafts after five repeated intragastric administrations at three doses (5, 10 and 25 mg/kg) by segmental analysis to explore the mechanism of drug entry and retention in hair. Hair root samples were collected after 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d in area A after the first dose, and a hair shaft was plucked 35 d after the first dose. The maximum concentrations of quetiapine in hair roots in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups occurred at 50, 74 and 98 h after the first administration, and the maximum concentrations were 0.71 ng/mg (range: 0.54–0.84 ng/mg), 6.72 ng/mg (range: 4.59–9.75 ng/mg) and 12.72 ng/mg (range: 10.74–15.76 ng/mg), respectively. The maximum concentrations of 7-hydroxyquetiapine in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were 0.67 ng/mg (0.23–1.15 ng/mg), 1.07 ng/mg (0.44–1.19 ng/mg) and 3.92 ng/mg (0.656.14 ng/mg), respectively, at 26 h. The maximum concentrations of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in hair roots were significantly positively correlated with the dose (n = 18; r2 = 0.84; P < 0.0001 for quetiapine and n = 18; r2 = 0.61; P = 0.0001 for 7-hydroxyquetiapine). The concentrations of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in hair roots were higher than those in hair shafts 10 d after administration, indicating drug and metabolite entry into the hair through the roots in the first few days after administration. The highest concentrations of quetiapine in the hair shaft in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were found at the hair ends, and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in the hair shaft showed no obvious peak concentration. Combined with previous studies, we think, by analyzing the drug concentrations in the hair roots and shaft, that the most important way for drugs to enter into and be retained in hair is that the drug enters the hair through the blood circulation from hair root, then spreads and redistributes as the hair grows.
Incorporating the Nonforester into Forestry Master's Programs: A Survey
Authors: Samways Marsha K. , Brooks Kenneth N. , Irving Frank D.
Published: November 2020

A survey of 37 U.S. forestry schools indicates that 35 accept people without previous forestry education into their master's programs. Most schools report that demand for their master's programs by nonforesters is increasing. Most incorporate these students into the same programs as those with forestry degrees and allow them to choose among the degree options available. The background work required of nonforesters is variable and often dependent on the particular program chosen. Only one school reports a special master's program exclusively for nonforesters, and schools typically do not offer special or accelerated background courses for these individuals.
Molecular hydrogen in IllustrisTNG galaxies: carefully comparing signatures of environment with local CO and SFR data
Authors: Stevens Adam R H , Lagos Claudia del P , Cortese Luca , Catinella Barbara , Diemer Benedikt , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Hernquist Lars , Marinacci Federico , Vogelsberger Mark
Published: November 2020

We examine how the post-processed content of molecular hydrogen (H2) in galaxies from the TNG100 cosmological, hydrodynamic simulation changes with environment at z = 0, assessing central/satellite status and host halo mass. We make close comparisons with the carbon monoxide (CO) emission survey xCOLD GASS where possible, having mock-observed TNG100 galaxies to match the survey’s specifications. For a representative sample of host haloes across 1011 ≲ M200c/M⊙ < 1014.6, TNG100 predicts that satellites with $m_* \ge 10^9\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ should have a median deficit in their H2 fractions of ∼0.6 dex relative to centrals of the same stellar mass. Once observational and group-finding uncertainties are accounted for, the signature of this deficit decreases to ∼0.2 dex. Remarkably, we calculate a deficit in xCOLD GASS satellites’ H2 content relative to centrals of 0.2–0.3 dex, in line with our prediction. We further show that TNG100 and SDSS data exhibit continuous declines in the average star formation rates of galaxies at fixed stellar mass in denser environments, in quantitative agreement with each other. By tracking satellites from their moment of infall in TNG100, we directly show that atomic hydrogen (H i) is depleted at fractionally higher rates than H2 on average. Supporting this picture, we find that the H2/H i mass ratios of satellites are elevated relative to centrals in xCOLD GASS. We provide additional predictions for the effect of environment on H2 – both absolute and relative to H i – that can be tested with spectral stacking in future CO surveys.
On the pumping of the CS(υ = 0) masers in W51 e2e
Authors: van der Walt D J , Ginsburg A , Goddi C
Published: November 2020

We present the results of numerically solving the rate equations for the first 31 rotational states of CS in the ground vibrational state to determine the conditions under which the J = 1 − 0, J = 2 − 1, and J = 3 − 2 transitions are inverted to produce maser emission. The essence of our results is that the CS($\upsilon \!=\!0$) masers are collisionally pumped and that, depending on the spectral energy distribution, dust emission can suppress the masers. Apart from the J = 1 − 0 and J = 2 − 1 masers, the calculations also show that the J = 3 − 2 transition can be inverted to produce maser emission. It is found that beaming is necessary to explain the observed brightness temperatures of the recently discovered CS masers in W51 e2e. The model calculations suggest that a CS abundance of a few times 10−5 and CS($\upsilon \!=\!0$) column densities of the order of $10^{16}\, \mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ are required for these masers. The rarity of the CS masers in high-mass star-forming regions might be the result of a required high CS abundance as well as due to attenuation of the maser emission inside as well as outside of the hot core.
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Genetic Incompatibilities Introduced by Duplicated Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jiao Wen-Biao , Patel Vipul , Klasen Jonas , Liu Fang , Pecinkova Petra , Ferrand Marina , Gy Isabelle , Camilleri Christine , Effgen Sigi , Koornneef Maarten , Pecinka Ales , Loudet Olivier , Schneeberger Korbinian
Published: November 2020

Although gene duplications provide genetic backup and allow genomic changes under relaxed selection, they may potentially limit gene flow. When different copies of a duplicated gene are pseudofunctionalized in different genotypes, genetic incompatibilities can arise in their hybrid offspring. Although such cases have been reported after manual crosses, it remains unclear whether they occur in nature and how they affect natural populations. Here, we identified four duplicated-gene based incompatibilities including one previously not reported within an artificial Arabidopsis intercross population. Unexpectedly, however, for each of the genetic incompatibilities we also identified the incompatible alleles in natural populations based on the genomes of 1,135 Arabidopsis accessions published by the 1001 Genomes Project. Using the presence of incompatible allele combinations as phenotypes for GWAS, we mapped genomic regions that included additional gene copies which likely rescue the genetic incompatibility. Reconstructing the geographic origins and evolutionary trajectories of the individual alleles suggested that incompatible alleles frequently coexist, even in geographically closed regions, and that their effects can be overcome by additional gene copies collectively shaping the evolutionary dynamics of duplicated genes during population history.
The versatile interactome of chloroplast ribosomes revealed by affinity purification mass spectrometry
Authors: Westrich Lisa Désirée , Gotsmann Vincent Leon , Herkt Claudia , Ries Fabian , Kazek Tanja , Trösch Raphael , Armbruster Laura , Mühlenbeck Jens Stephan , Ramundo Silvia , Nickelsen Jörg , Finkemeier Iris , Wirtz Markus , Storchová Zuzana , Räschle Markus , Willmund Felix
Published: November 2020

In plant cells, chloroplast gene expression is predominantly controlled through post-transcriptional regulation. Such fine-tuning is vital for precisely orchestrating protein complex assembly as for the photosynthesis machinery and for quickly responding to environmental changes. While regulation of chloroplast protein synthesis is of central importance, little is known about the degree and nature of the regulatory network, mainly due to challenges associated with the specific isolation of transient ribosome interactors. Here, we established a ribosome affinity purification method, which enabled us to broadly uncover putative ribosome-associated proteins in chloroplasts. Endogenously tagging of a protein of the large or small subunit revealed not only interactors of the holo complex, but also preferential interactors of the two subunits. This includes known canonical regulatory proteins as well as several new proteins belonging to the categories of protein and RNA regulation, photosystem biogenesis, redox control and metabolism. The sensitivity of the here applied screen was validated for various transiently interacting proteins. We further provided evidence for the existence of a ribosome-associated Nα-acetyltransferase in chloroplasts and its ability to acetylate substrate proteins at their N-terminus. The broad set of ribosome interactors underscores the potential to regulate chloroplast gene expression on the level of protein synthesis.
Renal comorbidities in collapsing variant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: more than a coincidence?
Authors: Gougeon Francois , Singh Harsharan K , Nickeleit Volker
Published: November 2020

Background

Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has various underlying etiologies and often leads to renal failure. The impact of biopsy-proven renal comorbidities in promoting collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) has not been systematically evaluated in large comparative studies. Those data are reported here.

Methods

Biopsies with the initial diagnosis of CG in native (n = 321) or transplant kidneys (n = 30) were identified in the University of North Carolina nephropathology database (1 January 2011 to 1 January 2016). Two cohorts were defined: ‘sole’ CG without and ‘accompanied’ CG with significant morphologic renal comorbidities. Tip-variant FSGS (T-FSGS) and time-matched biopsies served as control cohorts for comparative analyses.

Results

CG was significantly more common in native (4.4%) and transplant biopsies (4.1%) compared with T-FSGS (0.7 and <0.1%, respectively, difference versus CG P < 0.01). ‘Associated’ disease was significantly more common in CG (native: 151/321; 47.0%, transplant: 21/30; 70%, P < 0.05) versus T-FSGS (native: 14/51; 27.5%, transplant: exceptional; all differences versus CG P < 0.05). In native biopsies with ‘accompanied’ CG but not in control groups, stenosing vasculopathies including thrombotic microangiopathies were significantly more prevalent (P < 0.01). In transplants, the high incidence of ‘accompanied’ CG was linked to de novo diseases, mainly rejection and vascular injury. In native kidneys, membranous glomerulopathies were prevalent in ‘accompanied’ T-FSGS (36%) and CG (14%) (difference versus time-matched controls P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively); they were uncommon in transplants.

Conclusions

CG but not T-FSGS shows a high rate of comorbidities, with prominent vasculopathies presumably driving ‘ischemic’ CG-specific glomerular injury and also the disease course. These findings facilitate future studies into therapy, prognosis and reversibility of ‘accompanied’ CG.
Immigration and Spirituality
Authors: Chappell Deckert Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Social workers who study and/or work with migrant populations are often faced with the most immediate tasks of addressing psychological trauma and immediate physical needs for functioning in a new context. However, understanding client needs under a social work framework must include a biopsychosocial and spiritual understanding of their well-being and current and future functioning. It is important to acknowledge the different reasons why people migrate, including economic opportunities, family reunification, natural disasters, and safety from political violence. The spiritual perspectives of some migrant populations are intimately connected to their mobility. In addition to reviewing scholarship related to migrant populations and spirituality, this entry also addresses spiritual perspectives that influence the reception of migrant populations into a new society and anti-immigrant sentiment. These are niche topics in the field for sure, and are not fully studied in social work. Therefore, this entry borrows from other fields (in addition to social work) in order to provide a list of resources that could be helpful in understanding the varied nuances that relate to spirituality and migration, both for the migrants themselves and also for the communities that receive them. This list is not meant to be comprehensive but provides a beginning resource for scholars to examine the topic with the intent to supplement it as new scholarship is developed. The resources in this entry primarily focus on contemporary global migration.