bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some practical NDE and QC Applications of Time Domain Terahertz Technology
Authors:   Baugh & Weedon, Buckley Joseph ,   Luna Innovations, Duling Irl
Published: July 2023

This is an introductory talk, which will briefly discuss the principles of the generation and measurement of terahertz energy, look at its interaction with different materials and show how these principles can be employed to perform inspections of a wide variety of nonconductive materials, including single or multi-layer plastic structures and coatings on both conductive and nonconductive substrates. Terahertz technology, using electromagnetic waves situated between microwaves and the far infra-red, is another ‘tool in the box’ enabling accurate measurement of layer thickness, location of metallic inserts, and detection of discontinuities in materials and configurations that are unsuited for ‘conventional’ inspection approaches. Terahertz investigations are non-harmful, non-contact and normally can be applied from one side of a part. This talk will discuss the applicability of this technology to several practical applications in the aerospace, manufacturing, energy, construction and oil and gas industries. This includes applications where the technology has been implemented into production, and others where it has been investigated, shown to be feasible, but not yet implemented due to external factors. We will also mention its application in several ‘cultural heritage’ investigations. Brief details of equipment used will be discussed and an outline case study showing development of a technique and the accuracy which can be obtained will be presented.
Experimental evaluation of metallic ropes magnetisation under magneto-inductive testing
Authors:   Politecnico di Torino, Canova Aldo ,   Laboratorio Tecnologico Impianti a Fune, Buratti Andrea ,   Laboratorio Tecnologico Impianti a Fune, Michelini Matteo ,   Politecnico di Torino, Quercio Michele
Published: July 2023

In the present work we want to propose two possible procedures for the evaluation of magnetic induction level achieved in metallic ropes and the performance of the devices for the magnetic rope testing (MRT) in terms of detect localised faults (LF) according the indications of the European standard: EN 12927:2019. Critical aspects related to the practical application of the presented methods are described and discussed.
Eddy Current False Indications in Austenitic Steel and Titanium Alloys Heat Exchanger Tubes Activated by Stress
Authors:   I&T Nardoni Institute, Nardoni Giuseppe ,   I&T Nardoni Institute, Nardoni Diego ,   National Academy of Science of Ukraine (NASU), Uchanin Valentin ,   I&T Nardoni Institute, Feroldi Marco
Published: July 2023

Eddy current non-destructive examination with the internal bobbin type probes is a mandatory test for heat exchanger tube manufacturing due to its high sensitivity to the different type discontinuities. In this paper, we want to highlight the problems related to the false indications in the nonmagnetic austenitic steel and titanium alloys due to magnetic inclusions. There are known origins for magnetic inclusions in stainless steel like chips or filings as a result of ferrous tool application, alloy depletion concerned with oxidation or corrosion, and magnetite deposits. The little-known origin of magnetic inclusions is concerned with stress induced martensitic transformation is shortly analyzed in this report as a possible mechanism for the creation of the magnetic inclusion in austenitic steel as in titanium alloy tubes. The phase transformation and as the result the presence of magnetic inclusions is generated by the activation of the spin magnetic moments of the free electrons under stress influence. These inclusions can radically influence the eddy current signal due to quite large difference in relative magnetic permeability but can be differentiated from real defects by re-inspection of the suspicious tubes at reduced operational frequency. During the eddy current examinations of stainless steel and titanium tubes by an internal probe, the false indications in tubes have been detected. The presence of these isolated indications is located always in the same length of the tested tube. The indications were detected in each tube and the signal amplitude was estimated in the range of 40-50% of the acceptance reference level. In stainless steels, the false indications generated are higher than in titanium alloys.
Data processing to analyze health state in X-ray modules
Authors:   Comet AG, Corbat Pascal ,   Comet AG, Odermatt Marcel
Published: July 2023

Machine maintenance, in a traditional approach, is more on a reactive side and thus doesn't contribute to reduce unplanned downtime. Technicians get the information once the machine is down - which is too late to avoid the unplanned downtime. In the lack of alternatives, a preventive approach is chosen in many cases, which can be applied to reduce downtime to a certain extend but not completely. An unplanned downtime of an X-ray module can easily take hours, and in case a replacement part is required, the system will even be down for days or even weeks. As a mitigation, replacement parts could be kept locally, but this creates inventory cost and requires space to stock the items. A predictive approach to maintenance is highly desired, especially in production environments where inline and 100% is performed. This, in order to plan downtime and perform maintenance well prepared with all required parts available on site. In this paper, we will discuss how X-ray modules from the latest generation are enabled to collect data along their use, which allows insights and judgement of the health state of the system in real time. You will understand how observing critical parameters also allows to adjust the process automatically and send alerts and alarms directly to maintenance and service organizations early enough to plan an intervention.
Petrochemical Storage Tank Floor Inspection with Guided Waves
Authors:   Innerspec Technologies Europe, Peña Camacho Sergio ,   Innerspec Technologies Europe, Koodalil Dileep ,   Innerspec Technologies Europe, Bazsanyi Levente ,   Innerspec Technologies Europe, Bejarano Álvaro Pallares
Published: July 2023

This paper covers the development and preliminary test for a technique to inspect tank floors from the outside of the tank using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMAT). The goal is to reduce the high cost associated with inspections that require emptying the tank by providing an assessment of the tank floor next to the wall, which typically experiences the most corrosion and degradation. The paper explains the steps taken during the development of the technique, and the results on laboratory mock ups and field tests.
Development of Non-destructive Testing Method for Tube Inspection in Fin-Fan Coolers in Kazakhstan’s Oil/Gas, Chemical and Power Industries.
Authors:   ETher NDE, Hansen John P. ,   FORCE Technology, Hansen J V ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Hansen Jonathan ,   Eastern Kazakhstan Technical University, Kapayeva Sarken D. ,   Nazarbayev University, Bergander Marek J
Published: July 2023

Many oil/gas fields in Kazakhstan contain high levels of highly corrosive H2S and CO2, sometimes at very high pressures. The management of corrosion is essential in maintaining plant safety and integrity of the processing facility. This paper describes the development of a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that improves the reliability of air-cooled heat exchangers by reducing down-time related to corrosive and erosive failure of fin-fan tubes. The project goal was to maximize the output of oil and gas plants and refineries while reducing the plant operating cost. The work first identified those NDT requirements for air-cooled heat exchangers damage assessment that would provide the greatest economic benefit for Kazakhstan industry. The main objective was to develop a state-of-an-art NDT method for air-cooled heat exchanger tubes, capable to: a) detect any damage mechanism while testing from tube internal diameter, b) accurately determine the damage in terms of wall loss, c) perform inspection quickly and expediently, d) requires minimum tube cleaning. Consequently, the method specially adapted for Kazakhstan conditions was developed based on a combination of Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technique for flaw detection and with Hall effect measurement of wall thickness and gradual corrosion in tubes. The method has been tested in both laboratory and field conditions and the results were compared with accurate but slow ultrasonic IRIS method. High correlation was obtained, which proved that the developed technology is capable to deliver similar results at the speed almost 10 times faster and less than half the cost.
Validation through field data of LineCore, a lightweight Eddy-current sensor for the early detection of corrosion of ACSRs
Authors:   Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec (IREQ), Bellemare Jonathan ,   Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec (IREQ), Hassanipour Meysam ,   Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec (IREQ), Godin Stephane ,   Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec (IREQ), Rousseau Gilles ,   Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec (IREQ), Pouliot Nicolas
Published: July 2023

Since 2014, Hydro-Québec is using LineCore technology for the early detection of corrosion in ACSRs. This paper features, for the first time, an extensive validation based on measures on in-lab prepared samples and metallographic analysis on field collected samples. The experimental validation protocol is presented which resulted in 21 cuts and thousands of zinc layer thickness measurements. Key finding is the very high variability of zinc layer thicknesses observed on all samples. Correlation between LineCore data and metallographic cuts is established. More specifically, LineCore measurement features a bias toward local minimum values of zinc thickness on the strands, which can be indicative of localized corrosion initiation. By sharing these results, the authors wish to initiate discussion that could help standardize the usage of this novel NDT technology for the assessment of transmission line conductors.
SHM of wire- breakage in concrete bridges by Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors:   Vallen-Systeme GmbH, Trattnig Horst ,   Vallen-Systeme GmbH, Löhr Manuel
Published: July 2023

A lot of prestressed concrete bridges in Germany with an age of 50 years and more are showing problems due to an unseen increase of heavy traffic and/ or insufficient construction. A few years ago, it was recognized and stated by the government in Germany, that some steel charges used for the tendons of older prestressed concrete bridges tend to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). This can be critical, because a sudden catastrophic failure of a tendon is possible. The inspection of the tendons, which are embedded in the concrete, is very difficult. There is no ndt- method available for a sufficient assessment of such tendons. It had been shown, that one third of all wires in a tendon have to fail, before visible cracks can be observed from outside. This is too late for a reasonable assessment of such a bridge. A structural health monitoring system (SHM) is needed. Actually more than a dozens of bridges are monitored for wire- breaks in Germany and it will be getting more in the future. Extensive investigations to this subject were undertaken or still in progress. One of the outcomes is, that Acoustic Emission (AT) is the only useable ndt- method for detecting wire-breaks during the service- life of the bridge. Furthermore a guideline is in preparation and nearly finished in order to do a monitoring for wire-break detection in prestressed concrete bridges with Acoustic Emission. This guide is written by civil engineers, bridge responsible/ owners and Acoustic Emission Specialists.
Study on the nuclear method used in earthworks quality control of civil infrastructures
Authors:   University of Lisbon, Neves José ,   Relacre-Isel, Silva Cláudia ,   Relacre-Isel, Duarte Ana Maria
Published: July 2023

Compaction is essential in earthworks of civil infrastructures, such as dam embankments, building foundations, roads, and other transport infrastructures. The nuclear method is a non-destructive test that has been one of the most used field tests in the quality control of compaction for a long time due to its easy operation and accuracy. The technique uses nuclear equipment to measure soil and aggregates' moisture content and in-situ density. The fidelity of the method according to Portuguese technology is still unknown. The paper has two main objectives: (1) to describe the application of the non-destructive testing method to the quality control of compaction; (2) to present the repeatability and reproducibility of the method in its application to the case of soils based on proficiency tests. The paper presents the methodology followed in carrying out the proficiency tests and analysing the results related to the method's fidelity. The work points out the most critical aspects of the test and presents the repeatability and reproducibility related to in situ density and moisture content in the cases of direct transmission and backscatter measurements.
The effect of ultrasound wave path estimation to defect characterization capability in half-skip total focusing method
Authors:   Chalmers University of Technology, Lei Xiangyu ,   Chalmers University of Technology, Wirdelius Håkan ,   Lulea University of technology, Carlson Johan
Published: July 2023

The total focusing method (TFM) is a post-processing imaging technique applied on full matrix capture (FMC) ultrasonic inspection (UT) dataset. In TFM the ultrasonic wave energy is synthetically focused on every pixel in the image region of interest (ROI). In terms of half-skip TFM (HSTFM), wave mode conversion happens when the wave rebounds at interface, such as specimen backwall. This paper aims to propose and evaluate a method that involves Snell’s law to address accurate estimation of distanceof-flight (DOF) of wave propagation when wave mode conversion appears in HSTFM. This HSTFM algorithm is applied to both experimental and simulated FMC dataset that inspects a surface-breaking notch for notch image reconstruction. Comparisons between images with and without considering Snell’s law in wave mode conversion show visible difference that could lead to misinterpretations in characterizing the defect. The sensitivity of TFM to varying defect features such as defect tilt angle is also studied using simulated FMC datasets.
Active Infrared Thermography applied for concrete structures inspection in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors:   Tecnatom S.A., Galán Alba ,   Tecnatom S.A., Sillero Amador ,   Tecnatom S.A., de la Morena Javier ,   Tecnatom S.A., Castresana José Luis
Published: July 2023

Due to the new requirements that are being demanded of the Nuclear Power Plants for their License Renewal (LR), Life Extension (LE) and Long Term Operation (LTO), it is necessary to verify the integrity of several civil structures, such as the containment building, used fuel building and cooling towers, among others. In general, the objectives of Non-Destructive Test methods (NDT) for the inspection of concrete structures in nuclear power plants can be arranged into: location of the reinforcement and tendons, determination of the state of the concrete matrix, determination of the corrosion of the metallic armor and detection of cracks, voids, inclusions and delaminations in the matrix of the structure. For this, Tecnatom, based on the experience acquired in the field of NDT, has developed a set of techniques for determining the structures condition including surface hardness testing, ultrasound (transverse wave pulse-echo and transmission speed), electromagnetic methods (Ground Penetrating Radar - GPR) and non-contact techniques such as Infrared Thermography (IRT). The method and technique best suited for a given inspection has to be selected depending on the objective sought, the typical defectology of the component, the characteristics of the structure and the conditions of the inspection itself. In this work it is presented an example of the development and in-field application of the IRT method for the inspection of a concrete structure in a nuclear power plant to detect possible delaminations caused by the corrosion of the metallic reinforcement.
Optimization of Computed Tomography Data Acquisition by Means of Quantum Computing
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Fuchs Theobald O.J. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Basting Melanie ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Dremel Kilian ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Firsching Markus ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Kasperl Stefan ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Lang Thomas ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Prjamkov Dimitri ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Schielein Richard ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Semmler Simon ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Suth Daniel ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Weule Mareike
Published: July 2023

Quantum Computing (QC) technology has made tremendous progress recently. Today,

first real QC systems are operational. The Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS,

Division Development Center X-ray Technology is participating in the project BayQS,

which aims at identifying and evaluating potential applications of quantum computing

in the field of non-destructive testing by means of X-ray imaging.

Computed tomography (CT) is a well-established method of 3-D imaging in medicine

and industry since several decades. The quality of the resulting volumetric datasets

depends essentially on a set of around 20 physical parameters controlling the set-up of

X-ray source, X-ray digital detector array, movable mechanical components, sample

rotation, and image processing. Hence, we started investigating the potential use of a

quantum-based optimization method to optimize CT data acquisition.

As a first approach, we focused on the task to minimize the number of projection

images required to achieve unaltered image quality when compared to an acquisition

over the full 4π solid angle. Minimizing involves a cost function. There are several

ways to define this cost function.

In order to transfer the task to a QC system, the problem is reformulated as a Quadratic

Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). A decisive feature of the QUBO is, that is

can be solved by a hybrid implementation on quantum devices, which combines a

classical part to iteratively find the maximum of the cost function and a quantum circuit

to evaluate the respective cost function for each combination of projections. This

procedure is called quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA).

The experiments were performed via the qiskit script language on an IBM Quantum

System One located in Ehingen, Germany. This QC system offers 27 qubits and enables

first real world experiments with small test datasets.
Digital radiography by counting photons: innovative solution for testing very thick parts
Authors:   AREVA NP, Peterzol Angela ,   AREVA NP, Joulie Olga ,   AREVA NP, Marol Sebastien ,   AREVA NP, Brun Pascal ,   XCounter AB, Urech Mattias ,   XCounter AB, Weber Niclas ,   XCounter AB, Ullberg Christer
Published: July 2023

In 2019 we presented the first prototype of a photon counting detector (PCD) specially designed for the inspection of very thick parts requiring the use of high energy (HE) sources (E > 200keV). HE PCD differs from the standard model by the following characteristics: 1) Photoconductor CdTe active layer thickness optimized for HE, with about 30% increased detection efficiency; 2) Completely renewed ASIC allowing selection of energy threshold up to 1300keV. Modification 2) allows to reduce scattered radiation when using gamma sources such as Iridium 192 and Cobalt 60; or pulsed sources like linear accelerators and betatrons. The object-contrast results from this considerably improved. Image quality is comparable to, if not better than, film. We present energy threshold optimization study and performance evaluation results in terms of ISO 19232 IQI (wire and hole), signal-to-noise ratio, and spatial resolution (via duplex IQI) according to ISO 17636_2 (class B). Focus is given to HE PCD/film comparison, which was carried out by means of mock-ups containing artificial and/or real flaws; and, in 2020, for the first time in a nuclear power plant site, for the examination of primary circuit dissimilar welds. Photons energy thresholding successfully addressed also the presence of background radiation. The latter represented 2% of counted photons, while with film, background was responsible of 13% of optical density.
Multi-physics data registration for the improvement of Additive Manufacturing process control
Authors:   University Paris-Saclay, Bergeaud Vincent ,   University Paris-Saclay, Rathore Jitendra Singh ,   University Paris-Saclay, Setoain Imanol ,   University Paris-Saclay, Bredif Philippe ,   MX3D BV, Gilardi Filippo ,   MX3D BV, Stivell Hémon-Charles ,   AIMEN Technology Center, Vidal Félix ,   AIMEN Technology Center, Prieto Camilo ,   AIMEN Technology Center, Garcia Fernando A. P.
Published: July 2023

The work presented in this paper is to tend towards a goal of developing a methodology and associated software module to establish cross-correlation between real time process monitoring data and characterization data. To implement this methodology, a number of steel specimen were built following a design of experiment approach. During the manufacturing, all monitoring data was recorded in log files with a precise timestamp, the data collected being then temporal signals. Subsequently, these parts were inspected by high resolution X-ray tomography, and the defects present in the part were characterized, resulting in 3D volumetric dataset. The software module developed on CIVA platform then enables the registration of these multi-physics data.
3D Hybrid Modeling for the Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection of Porosity in Heavy Plates: Simulation and Experimental Validation
Authors:   ROSEN Technology and Research Center GmbH, Kolkoori Sanjeevareddy ,   ROSEN Technology and Research Center GmbH, Koch Roman Heinrich ,   ROSEN Germany GmbH, Stutensee, Falter Stephan
Published: July 2023

Quantitative non-destructive testing (NDT) modelling and simulation tools are important in design and fabrication of ultrasonic phased array (UTPA) sensors with optimum characteristics and reduce the number of experimental efforts and development time. In order to achieve high accuracy with a low computational time in the simulation, the modeling tools require not only the high-frequency approximation of the ultrasonic wave propagation but also the high-precision electro-acoustic coupling model. In this work, an application specific 4 MHz, 32-element linear phased array probe with an optimized angle beam wedge for the inspection of porosity in heavy plates was developed based on the new 3D hybrid modeling approach. As a first step, we performed the FEA modeling of an UTPA sensor, which includes the full 1-3 piezo-composite design with the arrangement of array elements, conducting electrodes, multi-phase damping material, acoustical matching layer and the electrical circuit of a 50 Ω coaxial cable. In addition, the real excitation pulse of an industrial UT equipment was included in the current modelling to achieve the high accuracy in the simulated result. In the second step, the FEA simulated pulse-echo characteristics of an array element were further used as the reference signal in the CIVA-UT Software to simulate the imaging of porosity in heavy plates, quantitatively. Furthermore, the 3D wedge-geometry of the array sensor was modeled and optimized to suppress the unwanted wedge-boundary reflected echoes and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the detected signals. The 3D hybrid model simulated Time Corrected Gain (TCG) curves for the 3 mm SDH at different depths in the reference steel plate were compared with the real experiments and a good quantitative agreement was achieved.
Monitoring crack tip position in Cracked Lap Shear specimens subjected to fatigue loading
Authors:   Politecnico di Milano, Carboni Michele ,   Politecnico di Milano, Panerai Alessandra ,   Politecnico di Milano, Martulli L. M. ,   Politecnico di Milano, Bernasconi A.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, interest in adhesively bonded joints has significantly grown, as it offers numerous advantages with respect to other joining techniques. Bonded joints are being increasingly adopted in structures subjected to fatigue loading, which might initiate and propagate crack-like debonding defects. The ability to detect and locate these defects is crucial for increasing overall safety. This study aims to investigate the capability of two commonly used Non-Destructive techniques, namely Digital Image Correlation and Visual Testing, to correctly locate the crack tip of a debonding damage. For this purpose, a specific Cracked Lap Shear specimen, which features mixed mode I-II loading conditions, was designed, manufactured, and tested under fatigue loading. Two different adhesives were used. The results showed that Digital Image Correlation was able to easily identify the crack tip, while visual inspection proved to have some difficulties due to the prevalence of mode II, which makes crack identification more troublesome.
Scanning pulse phase thermography for surface defect detection in manganese steel turnout frogs
Authors:   Montan Universität (University of Leoben), Tuschl Christoph ,   Montan Universität (University of Leoben), Oswald-Tranta Beate ,   Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Eck Sven ,   ÖBB-Infrastruktrur AG, Dornig Peter
Published: July 2023

Austenitic manganese steel is a commonly used material for railway turnout frogs due

to its beneficial mechanical properties. In service, surface defects caused by rolling

contact fatigue (RCF) can occur and need to be detected and assessed during

maintenance intervals. In this work inductive scanning pulse phase thermography is

used to localize these surface defects. During scanning the surface of the frog is heated

(∆T<5K) with an air-cooled inductor. The surface temperature is recorded with an

infrared camera. A registration target is also recorded in each frame of the image

sequence. This method recognizes the movement in the sequence itself without external

sensors. Furthermore, by using a registration target it is also possible to scan manually,

as motion speed is calculated frame by frame. For the evaluation, the recorded sequence

is transformed such that the turnout frog and the registration target seem to be

stationary. In this new sequence the temporal changes in temperature of each pixel of

the surface are evaluated by Fourier transform to a phase image. The evaluation via

phase image is known to be robust to negative effects such as inhomogeneous heating

and emissivity. This work aims at developing a mobile prototype, which allows service

personnel to use scanning pulse phase thermography to localize and characterize surface

defects on manganese steel turnout frogs during maintenance.
Modelling of an ultrasound-based system for cataract detection and classification
Authors:   University of Coimbra, Santos Mario J. ,   University of Coimbra, Conceição Inês M ,   University of Coimbra, Petralla Lorena ,   University of Coimbra, Perdigão Fernando ,   University of Coimbra, Santos Jaime ,   University of Coimbra, Caixinha Miguel ,   University of Coimbra, Gomes Marco ,   University of Coimbra, Morgado Miguel
Published: July 2023

Cataract is a cloudiness in the lens of the eye affecting its transparency. Surgical cataract removal is the only therapeutic approach. Phacoemulsification is the most common surgical procedure, in which ultrasound energy is used to emulsify the cataractous lens. The hardness of the cataract determines the optimal energy for the phacoemulsification procedure. The objective of this work is to model an ultrasoundbased system for cataract detection and classification. It was developed a computational tool for simulating the propagation of A-scan ultrasound in the eye, using the k-Wave MATLAB toolbox. Considering the computational resources available and the dimensions of cataractous microstructures, it was determined a suitable resolution that enables the simulation of ultrasound propagation through the cataractous eye in 2D and 3D. Being so, a pixel size of 8 µm was stablished. A matrix representing the eye structures was constructed in MATLAB. Since on simulations it was considered a focalized probe only the central part of the eye matrix was used. It was observed that 2D and 3D simulated signals present some differences, mainly in the amplitudes of the echoes corresponding to the interfaces of the eye. The chosen resolution was suitable for the purpose of this work. The simulation tool shows good versatility for evaluating diverse aspects of A-scan biometry.
Mimicking dam upstream slope scenarios in acrylic tanks for ultrasonic evaluation
Authors:   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Dourado Tiago Costa ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Justen Alex ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), dos Santos Ericles de Jesus ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Morais Gabriel Cataldo ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), de Assis Mylena Kathleen Mosqueira ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Flávio Mariana Luiza ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Mayworm Ruan ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Miqueleti Sandro Aureliano ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Alvarenga André Victor ,   National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Costa-Félix Rodrigo Pereira Barreto da
Published: July 2023

Monitoring to support the integrity of structures immersed in water has been a challenge for dam engineers and other construction technicians for decades. In addition, it is known that the planning and execution of these activities are often linked to high costs and risk assessment. Non-destructive methods can act in these tasks with the production of useful information for a more optimized decision making. Ultrasound (US) is a wellknown tool that works with the emission and reception of wave signals. US stands out mainly for providing low radiation to operators, high resolution and flexibility in defining sensor arrays. Data acquisition can be performed even in immersed and tilted geometry environments. This article presents benchtop measurements from an approach focused on the microscale study of upstream slopes of earth dams. The model was developed to simulate the approximate geometry and composition of a dam slope. Traditional ultrasonic acquisition techniques are applied using immersion transducers. The investigations carried out in a model with dimensions of 30 cm, 30 cm and 100 cm, rip rap under 2H:1V inclination, central frequency of the transducer of 2.25 MHz and depth of water for measurement of up to 20 cm, demonstrated the ability to classify the ultrasonic reflection in contact between water and the different types of interfaces that mimic typical dam materials. Lessons learned from this microscale development should be tested in a controlled reservoir model before moving to field applications. The perspective of this study is to generate information capable of composing a database for machine learning and subsequently assist in decision-making for engineering solutions that act in maintenance, safety and predictive interventions in dam bodies.
THz computed tomography for non-destructive testing
Authors:   Research Center for NDT GmbH (RECENDT), Fosodeder Peter ,   Research Center for NDT GmbH (RECENDT), Pfleger Michael ,   Research Center for NDT GmbH (RECENDT), van Frank Sandrine ,   Research Center for NDT GmbH (RECENDT), Rankl Christian
Published: July 2023

This work describes a complete THz computed tomography imaging system. Starting from a physical imaging model based on geometrical optics, an image reconstruction algorithm is derived. This algorithm uses the raw time-domain measurement signals acquired from THz time-domain spectroscopy measurements of the sample in order to calculate the sample cross-section. In particular, the phase of the transmitted THz pulse is evaluated for image reconstruction. The results show a significant improvement compared to the reconstruction based solely on the absorption. If preliminary knowledge about the sample geometry is available, refraction effects occurring on the sample interfaces can be considered in order to obtain a more accurate measurement result. This is especially beneficial in industrial non-destructive testing, where a sample is typically tested for deviations from a predefined specification or geometrical shape. Typical accuracies around 150 µm are demonstrated using 3d printed benchmark samples.
Acoustic material testing a progressive testing method
Authors:   RTE Akustik + Prüftechnik, Ritter Jörg
Published: July 2023

Acoustic material testing is well known for quality inspection of metal and composite parts in serial production, with short cycle times and a robust performance. Acoustic material testing is a referencing respectively comparative testing method. Therefore, preclassified reference parts are required to teach the testing system. In practice, it is often difficult to provide clearly pre-classified failure parts. Also, it is common to use sample parts which are characterized by the subjective evaluation of the employees. In this case evaluation deviations between the subjective evaluation and the objective measurement result of the acoustic test system are to be considered. This leads to discussions, as the employees tend to trust their own judgment and rely on their experience. Defects must then be clearly determined, by using other and more complex and costly testing methods, such as ultrasound or CT. With new analytic techniques the teaching process, especially without the availability of failure parts, can be shortened and simplified.
Teorik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde phubbing
Authors: ORHAN Aylin Türe
Published: July 2023

Modern dünyanda adeta bir “hastalık” haline gelen telefon bağımlılığı, phubbing kavramının doğmasına yol açmıştır. Kişinin dikkatini ve algısını kişilerarası iletişimden uzaklaştırması ve diğer kişilerle iletişim halindeyken, akıllı telefonla ilgilenmesi anlamına gelen phubbing, giderek ilişkilerin kalitesinde bozulmaya yol açmaktadır. Phubbingin, insan ilişkileri üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve iletişim kalitesinde bozulmalara yol açtığı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, konuyu akademik anlamda ele almak gerekliliği doğmuştur. Bu amaçla çalışmada; phubbing kavramı detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmış olup, iş ve sosyal yaşama olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda çalışmada phubbingin teknolojik mi yoksa davranışsal bir "bağımlılık" türü olduğu, teorik kuramlar çerçevesinden ele alınmıştır.
Cultivating Moral Agency in a Technology Ethics Course
Authors: Cochran William B. , Allman Kate ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2023

The rapid pace of technological development often outstrips the ability of legislators and regulators to establish proper guardrails on emerging technologies. A solution is for those who develop, deploy, and use these technologies to develop themselves as moral agents—i.e., as agents capable of steering the course of emerging technologies in a direction that will benefit humanity. However, there is a dearth of literature discussing how to foster moral agency in computer science courses, and little if any research on the effectiveness of such courses in computer science. This paper addresses this gap by providing an overview of an undergraduate course on technology ethics. It then shares and discusses a subset of data collected from a mixed-methods study using a pre-post design that sought to examine the course’s effectiveness in developing students’ moral, intellectual, and civic virtues, as well as related dispositions.
Digital Transformation in Accounting and Auditing: Insights from The ChatGPT Example
Authors: KURT Yusuf
Published: July 2023

This research delves into the evolving role of the accounting and auditing professions in the digital age, with a focus on the implications of ChatGPT, a sophisticated artificial intelligence tool developed by OpenAI. The study employs a novel approach by engaging ChatGPT to predict the future of these professions, further probing with targeted inquiries to deepen the understanding. The analysis reveals that despite the rapid digital transformation and integration of AI in accounting processes, the core accounting profession is likely to persist. However, it underscores a significant shift in skill requirements, emphasizing the importance for accountants to enhance their expertise in data analysis, cyber security, and technological adaptability. The study also explores AI's potential applications in auditing, suggesting that AI can augment efficiency, accuracy, and risk assessment, while also highlighting the irreplaceable value of human judgment in complex scenarios. Interestingly, the insights generated through interactions with ChatGPT show a strong alignment with existing literature, indicating the tool's utility and reliability in professional contexts. The findings suggest that embracing technological advancements and continuous learning are imperative for accountants to remain relevant and competitive in this rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Maqashid Al-Syariah dan Maslahah dalam Pengembangan Pemikiran Islam di Muhammadiyah
Authors: Abbas Afifi Fauzi
Published: July 2023

Muhammadiyah memiliki kerangka keagamaan untuk mensucikan akidah dengan kembali kepada Al-Quran dan as-Sunnah. Muhammadiyah menyadari perlunya melengkapi manhaj (metodologi) pemikiran Islam di Muhammadiyah, di sisi lain, hal ini dipandang sebagai kebutuhan seiring dengan intensitas dan ruang lingkup berbagai perkembangan kehidupan. Pemikiran Islam mencakup segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan kebutuhan praktis kehidupan beragama, pembahasan moralitas publik, serta reaksi dan antisipasi wacana Islam terhadap perkembangan kehidupan manusia. Bagaimana Studi Islam dapat dipraktikkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Karena praktiknya terkait dengan konteks ruang, waktu dan tempat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kearifan lokal, pemahaman yang utuh tentang kaidah makna dari fikih agar praktik keagamaan selalu diperbarui tanpa harus meninggalkan apapun yang ada di dalam Al-Qur’an maupun as-Sunnah. . Di sinilah letak pentingnya memahami secara utuh maqasid al-syariah bagi pengembangan pemikiran Islam Muhammadiyah.
Panduan Penulisan Laporan Ilmiah untuk Publikasi
Authors: Afifi Abdullah A
Published: July 2023

Literasi memegang peran penting dari terciptanya inovasi. Fenomena-fenomena dan inovasi-inovasi yang terdokumentasi akan menjadi referensi yang berguna bagi pengembangan inovasi yang keberlanjutan. Upaya pengembangan literasi ini juga perlu berada dilevel akademis dengan cara memberikan akses terhadap penulisan laporan yang terpublikasi ilmiah. Panduan penulisan laporan ilmiah untuk publikasi adalah salah satu cara memberikan akses bagi para pelaku inovasi di lapangan kedalam dunia akademis dan literasi. Dengan laporan-laporan inovasi yang terpublikasi ilmiah ini, upaya mengembangkan kebijakan publik, inovasi-inovasi regional dan literasi publik mendapat tempat dalam dunia akademik. Artikel ini dibuat agar para penulis dapat dengan mudah menyesuaikan penulisan laporan dalam skala akademis, sehingga dapat menjadi khazanah bagi dunia akademik. Artikel ini juga selain memberikan panduan teknis penulisan juga memberikan gambaran proses publikasi sehingga penulis dapat lebih memahami proses penerbitan ilmiah ini juga memerlukan waktu dan sumberdaya yang tidak sedikit.
Dampak perubahan harga minyak dunia atas saham sektor transportasi dan logistik
Authors: Sumampouw Glory Benedicta , Tudus Mutiara Sweety
Published: July 2023

The issue of the global crisis in early 2023 is likely to have a certain impact on changes in world oil prices. As a result, this impact tends to become an issue that can affect stock price movements in the capital market. This study aims to determine the impact of oil prices on stock prices, especially in the transportation and logistics sector in the context of global crisis issues. The data used as a sample were obtained through observations from January 1 to April 30, 2023. This study finds that there is a tendency for the stock market price to decline in the transportation and logistics sector, even though world oil prices tended to be more stable. In addition, this study also finds that the stock market prices for the transportation and logistics sector tended to be more varied. Other findings show that the relationship between the share price of the transportation and logistics sector and world oil prices is insignificant even though it is weak and unidirectional.
Evaluation of the Elderly's Environmental Practices Concerning Fall prevention at Governmental Elderly Homes in Baghdad City
Authors: Abdulridha Maysoon , Nagi Arkan
Published: August 2023

Objective :To evaluate elderly's environmental practices concerning fall prevention at governmental elderly care homes in Baghdad city. Methodology: A quazi- Experimental study was carried out in governmental elderly care homes at Baghdad city, during the period 1st, June 2014 to 30th November, 2014 , selected a purposive " Non – probability " sample of (40) elderly men and women aged (60) years old and over who were resident in governmental elderly care homes " Al Ceelakh and Al Sader elderly care homes", the data was collected through the use of constructed questionnaire that consist of (23) items, and interview technique was used to collect the data. Analysis of the data was done through the use of frequencies, percentages, relative sufficiency, mean of score and cut of point . Results: Results of finding of data analysis related to the study participants had benefits from the implementation of fall prevention upon elderly in elderly care homes and modification to their practices related environment risk factors. Recommendations: Emphasize on applying the fall prevention program in all elderly care homes, and their awareness toward the effect of risk factors and elderly falls.
Reason for Pak-Afghan Conflict
Authors:   PSE Law College, Ata Amjad
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of and conflicts along the 2250 KM Durand line that separates two neighboring states. Although both countries are Muslim, their disputes are particularly difficult because Pashtuns, drug trafficking, and the Taliban administration are the two biggest problems in Kabul and Islamabad. Two close Muslim neighbors’, Pakistan and Afghanistan, have linguistic ties as well as deep historical, ethnic, cultural, and religious ties. Although Pakistan and Afghanistan share a strategic location and many other things in common, their relationship is marked by mistrust, suspicion, and bitter experiences for both parties. Since the beginning, Pakistan has had to deal with Afghanistan's hostility. All Afghan monarchs, with the exception of the Taliban's four-year rule, expressed varying degrees of hostility towards Pakistan. Conflict over the Duran Line, Pakistan's backing for the Taliban during the Soviet-Afghan War, Pakistan's involvement in the War on Terror, and the rise of cross-border extremism have all harmed relations between the two nations. This study's primary goal is to assess Pakistan-Afghanistan relations historically and to identify the biggest roadblocks to a harmonious and constructive relationship.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Penderita Skabies Di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tanggul Kabupaten Jember Tahun 2021
Authors: Krizdiana Usqi
Published: August 2023

UPTD Puskesmas Tanggul merupakan sebuah Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jember yang banyak memiliki masalah penyakit skabies. Berdasarkan data yang penyakit terbanyak di Puskesmas Tanggul pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2021, prevalensi penyakit skabies masih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan perilaku penderita skabies di wilayah kerja di UPTD Puskesmas Tanggul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita skabies di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tanggul selama periode Januari hingga Desember tahun 2021 yaitu 99 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuisioner dan data sekunder penelitian sebelumnya. Prevalensi skabies tertinggi di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tanggul terjadi pada kelompok umur 10-14 tahun (36 orang). Sebagian besar penderita skabies berjenis kelamin laki-laki (55,6%). Tingkat pendidikan responden yang terbanyak adalah pada kategori rendah yaitu tingkat SD/sederajat dengan persentase 37,4%. Pengetahuan penderita skabies sebagian besar kurang (43,4%). Perilaku penderita skabies sebagian besar positif (55,6%). Saran dalam penelitian ini diperlukan keikutsertaan masyarakat sekitar untuk pengendalian penyakit skabies dengan menerapkan pola hidup sehat, dan bagi petugas promosi kesehatan di Puskesmas Tanggul agar lebih meningkatkan kegiatan penyuluhan terhadap masyarakat.
Consommation du bois-énergie et vulgarisation des foyers améliorés dans le quartier Kivu à Kinshasa/Masina
Authors:   CRSH, Kumpel Placide , Mandjasha Dieudonné
Published: August 2023

Energy needs are one of the sources of wood consumption in the world in general and in the least developed countries in particular, where cooking has remained essentially traditional in villages and on the outskirts of major centres. In urban areas, wood-consuming households remain the most numerous insofar as the electric current is very unstable or unavailable. This is the finding that a survey carried out in the Kivu district, in the heart of the popular commune of Masina, has just confirmed. However, the socio-economic, health and environmental benefits of improved cookstoves no longer need to be demonstrated. Hence the interest in strengthening their popularization in the hope of changing the behavior of households because improved stoves constitute an appropriate technology and a real alternative to the
Effects of increasing compaction temperature on tablet strength
Authors: Cartwright Charlotte , Stone Elaine
Published: August 2023

Over time, a standard tablet press heats up during use. This investigation aims to explore heat effects at a small scale in the laboratory.  The effects of heat on compression have been studied using a Compaction Simulator fitted with a temperature controlled die. Placebo formulation blends composed of Avicel PH102, Lactose Fast Flo 316, Sodium Starch Glycolate and Magnesium Stearate was compressed using a hydraulic Compaction Simulator. To assess the manufacturability of the formulations a Korsch XL100 profile at 30 rpm was chosen using 10 mm flat faced tooling. A jacketed die was connected to a water-bath, heated to a set temperature. The temperatures assessed were: 20oC, 30oC, 40oC, 50oC and 60oC and any effects on the tabletability of the formulation was assessed. The tensile strength at 100 MPa compaction pressure for each temperature was determined using trend line equations. Increasing temperature changes the tensile strength of the formulation. The highest tensile strength was recorded at 50oC with no further increase for this formulation blend above this temperature.