bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levothyroxine may not adequately prepare hypothyroid women for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Authors: Bradbury Rachel A. , Byth Karen , Smith Howard C.
Published: June 2024

Background

Thyroid axis dysregulation during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is more pronounced in hypothyroid‐treated women. Whether or not this leads to compromised thyroid hormone levels within the ovarian follicular fluid is not known.

Aims

To determine whether ovarian follicular thyroid hormone levels are compromised in adequately replaced hypothyroid women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), and/or influence cycle/pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Prospective cohort study involving 46 euthyroid (anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody negative) and 16 levothyroxine‐replaced women with baseline thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) <2.5 mIU/L attending their first COH cycle. Follicular fluid TSH, free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) were recorded at oocyte pick‐up. Serum levels were measured at: (i) baseline; (ii) human chorionic gonadotropin trigger day; and (iii) cycle conclusion. The number of mature oocytes retrieved, fertilisation, early pregnancy loss and live birth rates were compared.

Results

Median serum TSH levels were similar at baseline (1.76 vs 1.24 mIU/L, P = 0.053), but free T3 levels were lower (4.5 vs 4.8 pmol/L, P = 0.029) in levothyroxine‐replaced compared to euthyroid women, with serum TSH levels increasing across ovarian stimulation (P = 0.006) into pregnancy testing (P = 0.030). Follicular fluid free T3 levels were lower in levothyroxine‐replaced women (median 4.3 vs 4.6 pmol/L, P = 0.032). Fertilisation rates were lower (52% vs 71%, P = 0.043) in women requiring levothyroxine replacement, but numbers of mature oocytes retrieved, early pregnancy loss and live births did not differ.

Conclusion

Adequately replaced hypothyroid women achieve lower ovarian follicular fluid free T3 levels and poorer fertilisation rates compared to euthyroid women undergoing COH. Optimising T3 levels may be pivotal in improving COH outcomes in hypothyroid women.
Seeing haemoglobin SC: Challenging the misperceptions
Authors: Segbefia Catherine , Luchtman‐Jones Lori
Published: June 2024

Historically understudied and regarded as a mild type of sickle cell disease, HbSC can be associated with significant, progressive complications. Prospective studies are urgently needed to address treatment gaps for HbSC disease.

Commentary on: Nelson et al. The clinical spectrum of HbSC sickle cell disease‐not a benign condition. Br J Haematol 2024;205:653‐663.
When it comes to research on land management behavior, how are we doing? A systematic review on theory, measurement, and suggestions for improvement
Authors: Winkler‐Schor Sophia , Coon Jaime J. , Sanji Daniel , Barefoot‐Yaeger Martha
Published: June 2024

With increasing attention to climate change and biodiversity loss, conservation social science research on land management practices is burgeoning. Researchers have broadened their focus from protected areas to diverse types of land management to support conservation and climate mitigation. But, developing effective strategies for these issues requires an in‐depth understanding of both the socio‐psychological factors that guide landholders' decision‐making and global trends in land management practices and literature. To assess the trends and status of land management behavior research, we systematically reviewed research published between 2010 and 2020 in five seminal conservation journals. Of 11,607 articles reviewed, we identified 100 articles about land management behavior. We assessed theoretical groundings, measurement methodology, land‐use terminology and practices, ecosystem type, and geographic distribution. We identified strengths and significant  gaps and weaknesses across land management research. For example, 52% of articles made no meaningful connection to theory, only 14% of papers used observed behavioral data, 86% of studies uses non‐experimental methods and researchers disproportionately measured land management behavior in developed nations (66%). We also find that language used to describe land management behavior is very heterogeneous, making it difficult to summarize land management research using traditional systematic review methods. Conducting a limited systematic review can help summarize research and also identify trends across disciplines that might otherwise missed. Results from our limited systematic review can guide future research and support the development of evidence‐based policies to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss.
Equine cheek tooth repulsion using small diameter repulsion pins: 20 cases
Authors: Kamps Melissa , Barakzai Safia
Published: June 2024

Background

Reported complication rates after dental repulsion for equine exodontia are high (up to 80%), but repulsion methods have changed notably in the last 20 years.

Objectives

Describe the outcome for 20 cases after dental repulsion using small diameter repulsion pins.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Records of horses that underwent cheek tooth repulsion were reviewed (2014–2023). Inclusion criteria included: mandibular or maxillary cheek tooth extraction where oral extraction failed and repulsion was used to complete extraction, and where clinical follow up information was available. Repulsions were carried out under sedation with a regional nerve block or under a short general anaesthetic, using a small diameter repulsion pin (3–5 mm). Intra‐operative radiographs facilitated instrument placement. The alveolus was packed with polymethyl methacrylate post‐extraction. Horses were re‐examined at 4–6 weeks post‐operatively.

Results

Twenty cases were included. Patients had a mean age of 10.3 years old (range 5–16 years). The majority (75%) of teeth had pre‐existing dental fractures. Maxillary (n = 15) and mandibular cheek teeth (n = 5) were all successfully repulsed, with 16 cases performed with the horse standing and 4 with the horse under general anaesthesia. Intra‐operative complications included damage to the mandibular bone (n = 1). Short‐term complications (n = 2) included superficial surgical site infection, and dehiscence of one sinus flap. Long‐term complications included the recurrence of sinusitis (n = 1) and small intra‐alveolar fragments causing persistent bitting problems in another patient.

Main limitations

Retrospective study design, small number of cases.

Conclusions

When oral extraction fails, cheek tooth repulsion using small diameter repulsion pins is an effective extraction technique. The total intra‐ and post‐operative complication rate was 25%, which is comparable to previously published complication rates for repulsion using Steinmann pins and also those encountered after trans‐buccal screw extraction.
Structural characterization of the (deoxy)hypusination in Trichomonas vaginalis questions the bifunctionality of deoxyhypusine synthase
Authors: Wątor Elżbieta , Wilk Piotr , Kochanowski Paweł , Grudnik Przemysław
Published: June 2024

Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis, is a prevalent anaerobic protozoan parasite responsible for the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection globally. While metronidazole and its derivatives are approved drugs for this infection, rising resistance necessitates the exploration of new antiparasitic therapies. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles in cellular processes, and among them, hypusination, involving eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A), has profound implications. Despite extensive studies in various organisms, the role of hypusination in T. vaginalis and its potential impact on parasite biology and pathogenicity remain poorly understood. This study aims to unravel the structural basis of the hypusination pathway in T. vaginalis using X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐electron microscopy. The results reveal high structural homology between T. vaginalis and human orthologs, providing insights into the molecular architecture of eIF5A and deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and their interaction. Contrary to previous suggestions of bifunctionality, our analyses indicate that the putative hydroxylation site in tvDHS is nonfunctional, and biochemical assays demonstrate exclusive deoxyhypusination capability. These findings challenge the notion of tvDHS functioning as both deoxyhypusine synthase and hydroxylase. The study enhances understanding of the hypusination pathway in T. vaginalis, shedding light on its functional relevance and potential as a drug target, and contributing to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against trichomoniasis.
Institutionalized governance on organizations via norm‐based policy instrument: Evidence from cleaner production in China
Authors: Zhu Junming , Du Zhen , Ge Zhangming
Published: June 2024

Regulating organizations to align their private interests with public interests is important, especially for collective action problems in climate and sustainability governance. Whereas these issues are not satisfactorily addressed by conventional regulations, norms are envisioned as a promising alternative. But norm‐based policy instruments are not well understood regarding their scalable effects on substantive organizational actions, given the presence of other regulations. We advance a conceptual framework, accounting for norm‐based interventions' potential effects on organizational actions and their differences from conventional regulations in institutionalized governance. Based on the setting of cleaner production (CP) in China and an event study strategy, we provide empirical evidence consistent with the framework: non‐regulatory, norm‐based interventions led to nation‐wide, significant improvement in plant‐level CP; the effects were stronger via network‐based diffusion and local internalization, weakened by extrinsic motivation from regulations, and associated with managerial conformity, not innovation. We estimate substantive benefits of norms in public goods provision, with the amount of water saved equivalent to the consumption of a water‐scarce province in China. Our findings provide consistent explanations for norm‐based instruments in real governance settings, showing them as a complement to other policies in shaping organizations and guiding proactive transitions to address global challenges.
ChatGPT, can you take my job interview? Examining artificial intelligence cheating in the asynchronous video interview
Authors: Canagasuriam Damian , Lukacik Eden‐Raye
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT), may threaten the validity of selection processes. This study provides the first examination of how AI cheating in the asynchronous video interview (AVI) may impact interview performance and applicant reactions. In a preregistered experiment, Prolific respondents (N = 245) completed an AVI after being randomly assigned to a non‐ChatGPT, ChatGPT‐Verbatim (read AI‐generated responses word‐for‐word), or ChatGPT‐Personalized condition (provided their résumé/contextual instructions to ChatGPT and modified the AI‐generated responses). The ChatGPT conditions received considerably higher scores on overall performance and content than the non‐ChatGPT condition. However, response delivery ratings did not differ between conditions and the ChatGPT conditions received lower honesty ratings. Both ChatGPT conditions rated the AVI as lower on procedural justice than the non‐ChatGPT condition.
Diminished levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 may be a risk factor for peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Zhong Jingyi , Lin Xiaopu , Zheng Xiaobin , Zhou Yanting , Huang Haishan , Xu Lingling
Published: June 2024

Aims/Introduction

To investigate risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to explore the connection between insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and DPN in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

A total of 790 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a cross‐sectional study, divided into two groups: those with DPN (DPN) and those without DPN (non‐DPN). Blood samples were taken to measure IGF‐1 levels and other biochemical markers. Participants underwent nerve conduction studies and quantitative sensory testing.

Results

Patients with DPN exhibited significantly lower levels of IGF‐1 compared with non‐DPN patients (P < 0.001). IGF‐1 was positively correlated with the average amplitude of both motor (P < 0.05) and sensory nerves (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with the vibration perception threshold (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between IGF‐1 and nerve conduction velocity (P > 0.05), or the temperature detection threshold (P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis identified diabetes duration, HbA1c, and the low levels of IGF‐1 as independent risk factors (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that at 8 years duration of diabetes, 8.5% (69.4 mmol/mol) HbA1c and 120 ng/mL IGF‐1, the optimal cut‐off points, indicated DPN (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

A reduction of IGF‐1 in patients with DPN suggests a potential protective role against axon injury in large fiber nerves of type 2 diabetes patients.
The Guidelines for use and promotion of low sodium salt in China
Authors: Yuan Yifang , Gao Chao , Yin Xuejun , Zhang Xianghui , Ji Yufei , Zheng Xizi , Zhou Qi , Wu Yangfeng
Published: June 2024

Aim

Both excessive intake of sodium and inadequate intake of potassium are associated with blood pressure elevation and subsequent increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, which accounts for the largest number of deaths in China and worldwide. Low sodium salt, a mixture of mainly sodium chloride and potassium chloride, has shown its great potential as a promising population strategy for sodium intake reduction through multiple large‐scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials among populations including patients with cardiovascular disease, individuals with and without hypertension, older and younger adults, and men and women in China and other countries. This Guidelines aims to provide expert recommendations for promotion and use of low sodium salt in China, based on the current available scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, cost‐effectiveness, and acceptability of low sodium salts in various population groups and different application scenarios. The suggestions to key stakeholders are also made.

Methods

A working group, an expert review committee and an advisory committee were established to be responsible for formulating the guidelines’ scope and key questions to be addressed, for searching, synthesizing, and evaluating research evidence, proposing and reviewing the recommendations. The consensus on the final recommendations was reached using the GRADE grid method.

Results

The working group summarized current available evidence of salt substitution regarding its effectiveness, safety, cost‐effectiveness, acceptability, availability, suitability, etc. The Guidelines provided six recommendations advising different populations how to use low sodium salt, four recommendations on the application of low sodium salts in different scenarios, and five suggestions for key stakeholders to promote salt substitution.

Conclusion

The first evidence‐based guidelines on promotion and use of low sodium salts covers all key questions in relevance and would play a critical role in prevention and control of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in China and worldwide.
Insights into the diet and feeding behavior of immature polar cod (Boreogadus saida) from the under‐ice habitat of the central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Schaafsma Fokje L. , Flores Hauke , David Carmen L. , Castellani Giulia , Sakinan Serdar , Meijboom André , Niehoff Barbara , Cornils Astrid , Hildebrandt Nicole , Schmidt Katrin , Snoeijs‐Leijonmalm Pauline , Ehrlich Julia , Ashjian Carin J. ,   the MOSAiC team ECO
Published: June 2024

Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an endemic key species of the Arctic Ocean ecosystem. The ecology of this forage fish is well studied in Arctic shelf habitats where a large part of its population lives. However, knowledge about its ecology in the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), including its use of the sea‐ice habitat, is hitherto very limited. To increase this knowledge, samples were collected at the under‐ice surface during several expeditions to the CAO between 2012 and 2020, including the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The diet of immature B. saida and the taxonomic composition of their potential prey were analysed, showing that both sympagic and pelagic species were important prey items. Stomach contents included expected prey such as copepods and amphipods. Surprisingly, more rarely observed prey such as appendicularians, chaetognaths, and euphausiids were also found to be important. Comparisons of the fish stomach contents with prey distribution data suggests opportunistic feeding. However, relative prey density and catchability are important factors that determine which type of prey is ingested. Prey that ensures limited energy expenditure on hunting and feeding is often found in the stomach contents even though it is not the dominant species present in the environment. To investigate the importance of prey quality and quantity for the growth of B. saida in this area, we measured energy content of dominant prey species and used a bioenergetic model to quantify the effect of variations in diet on growth rate potential. The modeling results suggest that diet variability was largely explained by stomach fullness and, to a lesser degree, the energetic content of the prey. Our results suggest that under climate change, immature B. saida may be at least equally sensitive to a loss in the number of efficiently hunted prey than to a reduction in the prey's energy content. Consequences for the growth and survival of B. saida will not depend on prey presence alone, but also on prey catchability, digestibility, and energy content.
Mother's perception of early introduction of complementary feeding affecting stunting in Ghana: A qualitative research
Authors: Ikemi Ayame , Horiuchi Shigeko
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The study aimed to explore mothers' perceptions for timely introduction of complementary feeding through interviews with 2–12‐month‐old infants' mothers in Ghana.

Methods

Qualitative descriptive research with 16 semi‐structured interviews with mothers attending the Child Welfare Clinic at Ejisu Hospital was conducted from June 2022 to May 2023. The study was guided by the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants were instructed about informed consent for the study. Interviews and analysis were guided by Theory of Planned Behavior. NVivo 1.5 was used throughout the coding procedure. This study was conducted after the approval from St. Luke's International University.

Results

Four themes were revealed: (1) attitude toward the behavior based on the mothers' experience raising children, (2) attitude toward the behavior influenced by subjective norm (grandmothers' recommendation), (3) attitude toward the behavior influenced by perceived behavioral control (difficulty in continuing breastfeeding), and (4) mothers who are worried about underweight despite timely introduction of complementary feeding. Attitudes toward the behavior were influenced by mothers' experiences raising children and grandmothers' recommendations. Surroundings disruptive of breastfeeding also influenced attitudes toward intentions and behavior. Moreover, some mothers suffered from underweight even if they introduce complementary feeding at an optimal time.

Conclusion

Supporting to continue breastfeeding and conducting re‐education for grandmothers is a key recommendation for midwives and pediatric nurses. Moreover, pediatric nurses are required to further enhance not only health education regarding the timing of initiating complementary feeding but also support after the introduction.
Development of an evidence‐based nursing practice program for preventing unplanned endotracheal extubations in the intensive care unit: A Delphi method study
Authors: Wu Jinhua , Xiao Zewei , Chen Suiping , Huang Baiwen , Han Suqin , Huang Haixing
Published: June 2024

Aims

This study aims to develop an evidence‐based nursing practice program to prevent unplanned endotracheal extubation (UEE) among adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Design

This study uses the Delphi method to develop an evidence‐based nursing practice program.

Methods

A comprehensive review of 18 databases and evidence‐based websites was conducted to gather, assess and synthesize evidence on preventing UEEs in adult patients. Using this synthesized evidence, a questionnaire was formulated for further investigation. Subsequently, input was solicited from experts through Delphi surveys to establish an evidence‐based nursing practice protocol for preventing UEEs in adult ICU patients. Consistency in consultation results guided subsequent rounds of consultation.

Results

The developed program comprised 43 evidence items categorized into nine dimensions, including risk assessment for unplanned extubation, sedation, analgesia, delirium, balloon management, psychosocial care, early extubation, catheter immobilization and protective restraints. Two rounds of expert inquiry yielded recovery rates of 94.7% and 100% for the first and second questionnaires, respectively. Kendall W values ranged from .224 to .353 (p < .001).

Conclusion

This study developed an evidence‐based nursing practice program to prevent UEE in adult ICU patients, employing evidence‐based practices and Delphi expert consultation methods. However, further validation of the program's effectiveness is warranted.

Reporting Method

Findings were reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nurses contributed to the study by participating in investigations.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

The program developed in this study offers an evidence‐based framework for preventing unplanned extubation in hospitals, thereby reducing its incidence and enhancing the quality of nursing care.
Exploring the relationships between criminal self‐efficacy factors and recidivism
Authors: Ung Jamie , Lloyd Caleb D.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Criminal self‐efficacy, an antisocial belief representing positive appraisal of one's capabilities to enact crime, is theorized to drive criminal behaviour, but few measures exist. Our aim was to re‐validate one measure of criminal self‐efficacy by re‐testing its ability to predict recidivism.

Methods

We used Criminal Self‐efficacy Scale‐15 scores from 353 people on community corrections orders measured up to three times.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three latent factors we called criminal connections, physical violence, and criminal expertise. Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated that only physical violence scores predicted recidivism.

Conclusions

The three factors provide a meaningful conceptual basis for future attempts to develop measures of criminal self‐efficacy that improve on the limitations of current measures. More broadly, there is a need to understand how specific antisocial beliefs such as criminal self‐efficacy are related to criminal behaviour.
Migratory contingents of brown trout reveal variable exposure to anthropogenic threats along a fjord‐river continuum
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Hanssen Erlend M. , Normann Eirik Straume , Barlaup Bjørn T. , Nilsen Cecilie I. , Dahlmo Lotte S. , Berhe Saron , Vollset Knut Wiik
Published: June 2024

Brown trout is a partially migratory salmonid that makes use of diverse habitats to maximise growth and fitness. One of the most substantial threats to brown trout is infection with pathogens from open net‐pen fish farming, which creates hotspots for pathogen reproduction and transmission. Western Norway is a global hotspot for both fish farming and wild salmonids, which generates conflicts due to the impacts of the farms on the behaviour, survival, and fitness of salmonids that overlap with farming activities. In this study, we tagged adult brown trout (>35 cm) at two spatiotemporal intervals that corresponded to two different life history stages: springtime in the river when trout were completing overwintering and summer in the fjord when trout were in their marine feeding phase. The tagging revealed three different behaviours, fish that remained in freshwater, fish that migrated between freshwater and the fjord, and fish that remained in the estuary. Although some trout moved >100 km to the outer fjord areas, most trout remained relatively close to the river. Depth sensor transmitters in a subset of trout also revealed that the trout remained in the upper water column. Most of the horizontal and vertical movements therefore resulted in spatial overlap with fish farming for the migratory trout, but not for resident trout that remained in the estuary or in freshwater. Findings reveal the challenges of managing a fish with such behavioural plasticity but the urgency of recognising how important inner fjord habitats are for migratory brown trout.
Supply and demand: Brokerage as the new tango in home care
Authors: Mee Jenny , Jones Linda , Kim Jeong‐ah
Published: June 2024

The performance of home care globally is significantly impacted by the political reforms in the public and private sectors. This research investigated the Australian contexts of home care quality and the use of “brokerage” during times of change. The research utilised a qualitative post‐structural approach to gather data about home care service provision through conducting semi‐structured interviews of 10 Australian home care business leaders. What emerged in the discourse was how central to everyday practices was the need for business leaders to network and ‘dance a political tango’ to ensure quality in service provision. Illuminated was how the leaders pushed back against governmental and economic structures by using models of brokerage to compensate for economic and staffing deficiencies. This is essential for the ongoing improvement and performance of home care in the Australian social arena of caring for our most vulnerable consumers.
Psychosocial burden in patients with chronic laryngopharyngeal symptoms with and without pathologic acid reflux
Authors: Liu Kelli , Krause Amanda J. , Greytak Madeline , Taft Tiffany , Walsh Erin , Yadlapati Rena
Published: June 2024

Background

Patients with chronic laryngopharyngeal symptoms, with or without pathologic reflux, frequently have poor response to standard therapies, which may be a result of overlapping cognitive‐affective processes. Therefore, the aims of this study included measuring psychosocial distress and laryngeal‐specific cognitive distress in patients with chronic laryngopharyngeal symptoms (LPS) as well as comparing these among laryngeal symptomatic patients with and without conclusive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods

This prospective, single‐center study enrolled adults with chronic LPS from 9/22 to 6/23. Patients completed eight questionnaires on quality of life, symptom burden, and psychosocial distress. The laryngeal cognitive affective tool (LCAT) assessed laryngeal‐specific hypervigilance and anxiety; LCAT scores ≥33 were elevated. All patients underwent objective testing with endoscopy and/or ambulatory reflux monitoring and were categorized as proven GERD (GER+) or no proven GERD (GER−).

Key Results

One hundred twenty‐nine patients were included: 66% female, mean age 54.1 (17.5) years, mean BMI 27.6 (6.8) kg/m2, 66% Caucasian, 57% with an elevated LCAT, and 53% GER+. Moderate‐to‐severe anxiety was found in 39% and moderate‐to‐severe depression in 19%. An elevated LCAT alone or with an elevated anxiety/depression score was found in 58%. Patient‐reported outcomes scores, including LCAT scores (32.9 (13.8) GER− vs. 33.1 (12.6) GER+, p = 0.91), were similar between patients with and without GER+.

Conclusions and Inferences

Patients with chronic LPS experience heightened levels of hypervigilance, symptom‐specific anxiety, and psychosocial distress, regardless of the presence of pathologic GER.
Sino‐atrial nodal artery occlusion causing acute sinus node dysfunction after percutaneous coronary intervention: Case report and systematic review
Authors: Jariwala Pankaj , Gude Dilip , Kulkarni Gururaj Pramod , Jariwala Anusha
Published: June 2024

Background

New antithrombotic medications and improved stent designs have reduced branch occlusion, although the sino‐atrial nodal artery (SANA) may still be occluded after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), causing sinus node dysfunction (SND). Ischemic sinus nodes are usually asymptomatic but can cause sinus arrest sometimes requiring pacemaker placement. In rare cases, junctional escape rhythms, a manifestation of sinus exit blocks after PCI, can predict cardiogenic shock.

Methods

We present a case study of a patient who underwent bifurcation PCI to the LMCA to the LCX but subsequently developed cardiogenic shock as a result of SND, a junctional escape rhythm required substantial inotropic support. This case offers an exemplification of a sparsely documented, yet infrequent manifestation of iatrogenic ischemic SND at an unorthodox site, the confluence of the LMCA‐LCX. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 22 scholarly works pertaining to the subject of sinus node dysfunction (SND) subsequent to PCI resulting from ischemia caused by stenosis or occlusion of the SANA.

Results

RCA was responsible for 96.1% of SND cases, whereas LCX was responsible for 3.9%. SND was asymptomatic in 49.3% of cases and junctional escape rhythm in 37.6% of symptomatic cases. 28% needed a temporary transvenous pacemaker, while 7.8% needed a permanent one. Interventional management recanalized the SANA in 5.2% of patients, restoring flow.

Conclusion

Transient sino‐atrial node ischemia after PCI can cause acute SND. Before stent implantation, doctors should consider SND. Complete plaque evaluation around the SANA is needed before choosing the best PCI procedure.
Types and mechanisms of idiographic change during guided self‐help for anxiety
Authors: Headley Emma , Kellett Stephen , Bee Charlotte , Lancashire Jess , Aadahl Vikki , Bone Claire , Power Niall
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To compare idiographic change during two formats of guided self‐help (GSH); cognitive‐behavioural therapy guided self‐help (CBT‐GSH) and cognitive analytic therapy guided self‐help (CAT‐GSH).

Design

Qualitative inductive thematic analysis.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews with N = 17 participants with a reliable change outcome on the GAD‐7 after completing GSH for anxiety. Changes were categorised and themes extracted.

Results

No differences between CAT‐GSH and CBT‐GSH were found regarding types of change reported. The five overarching themes found were personal qualities of success, enlightenment through understanding, specific tools and techniques, changes to relationships and tailoring support. Four themes maximally differentiated between the two different types of GSH; CAT‐GSH enabled relational insight and change whilst CBT‐GSH enabled better understanding of anxiety, new coping techniques and supportive relationships.

Conclusions

Both common and model‐specific factors contribute to patient change during GSH. Whilst all forms of GSH are grounded in the psychoeducational approach, separate theoretical foundations and associated methods facilitate different types of ideographic change.
Combining ability and multiple parent‐based approach to derive simultaneous transgressive segregants for multiple traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Nidagundi Jayaprakash Mohan , Hugar Anusha Ashok , Revanasiddayya  , Korappala Vani , Shiva Kalva , Patil Sudha , Shivamurthy Rashmi , Madakasira Yarrappa Ajayakumar , Hanchinal Shivanand Guranna
Published: June 2024

Plant breeders are always in pursuit of desirable genes and gene complexes, leading to identification of potential and promising individuals/segregants often exhibiting traits with higher intensity. Identifying segregants with desirable combination of multiple traits would enable a breeder to develop superior cultivars. In this study, combining ability and multiple parent‐based approach was employed to derive segregants simultaneously superior for multiple traits. Single and double crosses were developed by crossing 11 parental lines in half diallel fashion and were evaluated under seven environments. To create crosses, the parental lines with the highest positive gca effects were selected in addition to desirable yield and fibre quality traits (SCYP, NOBP, BW, GOT, UHML and FS). The positive and significantly higher gca effects in these parents is an evidence of prominence of additive and additive × additive component of genetic variance. To identify desirable segregants, six F2 populations derived from four single and their two double crosses were evaluated by raising an optimal population size of 910–935 and 3040–3055 plants for single and double crosses, respectively. In each population, proportion of desirable and simultaneous transgressive segregants was estimated. A total of 19 (2.87%), 22 (3.32%) and 24 (3.60%) plants were transgressive in nature simultaneously for multiple traits in single crosses, namely, RAHH‐1755 and RAHH‐455, and double cross, namely, RHDC‐1933, of Group I, respectively. While in Group II, 22 (3.32%), 22 (3.32%) and 24 (3.60%) plants showed simultaneous transgressive segregation in RAHH‐1702, SHH‐818 and RHDC‐1940, respectively. The per cent simultaneous transgressive segregants were found to be higher in the double crosses compared with their respective single crosses, possibly for the reason that double crosses involve more number of parents owing to increased recombination. Hence, breeding for desirable segregating recombinants using diallel and multiple parent‐based approach paves the way towards directional selection based on combining ability making it more efficient compared with conventional means of hybridization followed by selection.
CmPIF8‐CmERF27‐CmACS10‐mediated ethylene biosynthesis modulates red light‐induced powdery mildew resistance in oriental melon
Authors: Wu Xutong , Wang Lixia , Xing Qiaojuan , Zhao Yaping , Qi Hongyan
Published: June 2024

Powdery mildew is a serious fungal disease in protected melon cultivation that affects the growth, development and production of melon plants. Previous studies have shown that red light can improve oriental melon seedlings resistance to powdery mildew. Here, after inoculation with Podosphaera xanthii, an obligate fungal pathogen eliciting powdery mildew, we found that red light pretreatment increased ethylene production and this improved the resistance of melon seedlings to powdery mildew, and the ethylene biosynthesis gene CmACS10 played an important role in this process. By analysing the CmACS10 promoter, screening yeast one‐hybrid library, it was found that CmERF27 positively regulated the expression of CmACS10, increased powdery mildew resistance and interacted with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR8 (CmPIF8) at the protein level to participate in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis to respond to the red light‐induced resistance to P. xanthii, Furthermore, CmPIF8 also directly targeted the promoter of CmACS10, negatively participated in this process. In summary, this study revealed the specific mechanism by which the CmPIF8‐CmERF27‐CmACS10 module regulates red light‐induced ethylene biosynthesis to resist P. xanthii infection, elucidate the interaction between light and plant hormones under biological stress, provide a reference and genetic resources for breeding of disease‐resistant melon plants.
Two concepts of directed obligation
Authors: de Kenessey Brendan
Published: June 2024

This paper argues that there are two importantly distinct normative relations that can be referred to using phrases like ‘X is obligated to Y,’ ‘Y has a right against X,’ or ‘X wronged Y.’ When we say that I am obligated to you not to read your diary, one thing we might mean is that I am subject to a deontological constraint against reading your diary that gives me a non‐instrumental, agent‐relative reason not to do so, and which you are typically in a unique position to waive with consent. I call this first relation the constraint relation. A second thing we might mean is that you are in a position to fittingly hold me personally accountable for reading your diary by demanding that I not read your diary, resenting me if I do so without excuse, and deciding whether to forgive me for this afterwards. I call this second relation the accountability relation. Though these two kinds of directed obligation often coincide, I argue that they are extensionally dissociable and play different normative roles. We cannot provide an adequate theory of ‘obligation to’ until we recognize that this phrase denotes not one relation, but two.
Travel bubble policies for low‐risk air transport recovery during pandemics
Authors: Zhou Yaoming , Li Siping , Kundu Tanmoy , Choi Tsan‐Ming , Sheu Jiuh‐Biing
Published: June 2024

Global pandemics restrict long‐haul mobility and international trade. To restore air traffic, a policy named “travel bubble” was implemented during the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, which seeks to re‐establish air connections among specific countries by permitting unrestricted passenger travel without mandatory quarantine upon arrival. However, travel bubbles are prone to bursting for safety reasons, and how to develop an effective restoration plan through travel bubbles is under‐explored. Thus, it is vital to learn from COVID‐19 and develop a formal framework for implementing travel bubble therapy for future public health emergencies. This article conducts an analytical investigation of the air travel bubble problem from a network design standpoint. First, a link‐based network design problem is established with the goal of minimizing the total infection risk during air travel. Then, based on the relationship between origin‐destination pairs and international candidate links, the model is reformulated into a path‐based one. A Lagrangian relaxation‐based solution framework is proposed to determine the optimal restored international air routes and assign the traffic flow. Finally, computational experiments on both hypothetical data and real‐world cases are conducted to examine the algorithm's performance. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm. In addition, compared to a benchmark strategy, it is found that the infection risk under the proposed travel bubble strategy can be reduced by up to 45.2%. More importantly, this work provides practical insights into developing pandemic‐induced air transport recovery schemes for both policymakers and aviation operations regulators.
The Experience of Suspension among Political Identities; Kurdish Nationality and Aspiration for Kurdistani Citizenship among Kurdish Immigrants in Western Europe
Authors: Mofidi Sabah
Published: June 2024

The conflict between the Perso‐Shiite state and its opposition, especially Kurdish political organizations in Iran/Eastern Kurdistan, and their subsequent suppression, has led to the migration of many Kurds since the early 1980s. This exodus has affected their political identification. Here, changes toward nationality and citizenship in the attitude of the first‐generation Kurdish immigrants with a leftist political background living in Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden and France will be analyzed. From the perspective of the relationship between individual and political organization, state and society/community, it seeks to uncover that how these migrants think about different collective political identities, how their views have changed, and which collective social identity has had most impact on shaping their political view. Following a qualitative approach, data were collected through in‐depth semi‐structured and focus group interviews. The findings show that the interviewees within the extra‐organizational Kurdish convergence in Europe have tried to reidentify themselves politically by moving away from the political climate of Iran, while Kurdishness shapes their view on nationality and citizenship. Although the European states officially recognize them as Iranian nationals, they themselves see this as an imposed citizenship. In their current situation, many of them, while emphasizing their Kurdish nationality and wishing for Kurdistani citizenship, prefer to be recognized only as citizens of European countries and not be attributed to Iran.
Pragmatic Prediction Model of Droplet Trajectory in a Turbine Cascade
Authors: Oshima Ippei , Furuichi Mikito
Published: June 2024

Droplet deposition on a turbine cascade is important for the turbine system performance but its experimental analysis is difficult. Thus, the simulation of a droplet liquid phase in a gas flow field was studied to optimize turbine cascade design. However, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based approach for such droplet problems requires enormous costs. Thus, the application of CFD simulation in the turbine blade's early-stage design is challenging, requiring iterative optimization for adjusting design with performance prediction. Therefore, this study proposed an analytical prediction method, having a reasonable cost and moderate accuracy, as an alternative to the whole multi-phase numerical simulation approach. The proposed method predicts droplet motion using the outline of the turbine blade and gas–liquid physical properties. Furthermore, the approach was validated by performing a three-dimensional Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation with low-pressure turbine blade T106. It was found that the droplet trajectories in the turbine cascade are governed by Stokes number. Furthermore, the streamlines of the gas flow were characterized by the shape of the turbine blade. The proposed model reproduced droplet trajectories obtained using CFD within an error margin of 10%. Consequently, it was concluded that the proposed analytical model is a promising approach to predict the droplet trajectory in a turbine cascade, obtained by the three-dimensional numerical simulation at a low cost.
Data-Driven Aircraft Modeling for Robust Reinforcement Learning Control Synthesis With Flight Test Validation
Authors: Benyamen Hady , Chowdhury Mozammal , Keshmiri Shawn
Published: June 2024

Low-fidelity engineering-level dynamic models are commonly employed while designing uncrewed aircraft flight controllers due to their rapid development and cost-effectiveness. However, during adverse conditions, or complex path-following missions, the uncertainties in low-fidelity models often result in suboptimal controller performance. Aircraft system identification techniques offer alternative methods for finding higher fidelity dynamic models but can be restrictive in flight test requirements and procedures. This challenge is exacerbated when there is no pilot onboard. This work introduces data-driven machine learning (ML) to enhance the fidelity of aircraft dynamic models, overcoming the limitations of conventional system identification. A large dataset from twelve previous flights is utilized within an ML framework to create a long short-term memory (LSTM) model for the aircraft's lateral-directional dynamics. A deep reinforcement learning (RL)-based flight controller is developed using a randomized dynamic domain created using the LSTM and physics-based models to quantify the impact of LSTM dynamic model improvements on controller performance. The RL controller performance is compared to other modern controller techniques in four actual flight tests in the presence of exogenous disturbances and noise, assessing its tracking capabilities and its ability to reject disturbances. The RL controller with a randomized dynamic domain outperforms an RL controller trained using only the engineering-level dynamic model, a linear quadratic regulator controller, and an L1 adaptive controller. Notably, it demonstrated up to 72% improvements in lateral tracking when the aircraft had to follow challenging paths and during intentional adverse onboard conditions.
PERSPECTIVE: Interfacial stresses in thin film drainage: Subtle yet significant
Authors: Chatzigiannakis Emmanouil , Vermant Jan
Published: June 2024

Film drainage, essential in droplet and bubble coalescence and surface wetting, is influenced strongly by the stress boundary condition, in particular, when interfacial stresses are present. These stresses, caused by ubiquitous surface-active components, significantly impact the dynamics of liquid films. Through dynamic thin film balance experiments, we compare the effects of Marangoni stresses, interfacial viscosity, and interfacial viscoelasticity on the drainage of free-standing thin liquid films. These data serve to demonstrate that film deformation intricately depends on the interplay between these stresses and capillarity, resulting in widely varied drainage times. Seemingly subtle changes, especially in the local stress-carrying capacity of the interface, can lead to significant differences in film dynamics. This makes it a promising area for research into interfacial-rheologically active materials for stabilizing potentially more sustainable multiphase materials.