bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vakarų Europos medicinos paslaugų teikimo modelis ir jo pritaikymas Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje XVI–XVIII amžiuje
Authors: Ramonaitė Monika
Published: February 2017

Straipsnyje pristatomas Vakarų Europos medicinos pagalbos modelis ir jo pritaikymas Lie­tuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje. Šis modelis Vakarų Europoje susiklostė XIII a., kai Europos universite­tuose pradėta dėstyti medicina, išsikristalizavo atitinkančios to meto lygį medicinos praktikų funkcijos, veiklos galimybės ir teisėtumas. Tai lėmė tripakopės medicinos paslaugų teikimo schemos susidarymą. Šios schemos aukščiausia grandis buvo universitetą baigę medicinos daktarai, taip pat amatininkai barzdaskučiai-chirurgai ir vaistininkai, kurie įvairiuose Europos miestuose laikė viešąsias vaistines. Ilgai­niui šie medicinos paslaugų teikėjai tapo vieninteliai teisėti ir gerai atpažįstami visoje Europoje. Nuolatos LDK teritorijoje veikiantys medicinos daktarai, barzdaskučiai ir vaistininkai fiksuojami gana vėlai – tik XV–XVI a. sandūroje. Iki pat XVIII a. tokio tipo medicinos praktikų funkcijos buvo atpažįstamos, o veiklos galimybės įteisintos ir priminė Vakarų Europoje jau įprastą medicinos paslaugų teikimo modelį. Vis dėlto vieninteliame LDK teritorijoje veikusiame Vilniaus universitete iki pat 1781 m. nebuvo medicinos fakul­teto. Nesant tokios akademinės institucijos, visas Vakarų Europos medicinos paslaugų teikimo modelis nebuvo pritaikytas ir tai lėmė tam tikrus medicinos paslaugų skirtumus šioje šalyje. Jie ir bus pristatomi ir analizuojami šiame straipsnyje.
1941 m. kovo 19 d. LAF atsišaukimas: provokacija, falsifikatas ar tikras dokumentas?
Authors: Stasiulis Stanislovas
Published: February 2017

Straipsnyje analizuojamas 1941 m. kovo 19 d. atsišaukimas „Brangūs vergaujantys broliai!“, kurio yra išlikę keli skirtingi variantai. Viename jų yra sakinys: „Išdavikams bus tik tuomet dovanota, jei jie tikrai įrodys, kad likvidavo nors po vieną žydą.“ Straipsnyje pateikiama istoriografinė šio dokumento analizė, atskiras dėmesys skiriamas archyviniams duomenims, kurie leidžia atkurti galimus šio doku­mento atsiradimo ir platinimo Lietuvoje kelius.
Lietuvos miestelių dvasios paieškos: televizijos laidų ciklo „Mūsų miesteliai“ fenomenas
Authors: Šermukšnytė Rūta
Published: February 2017

Straipsnyje pirmą kartą Lietuvos istoriografijoje analizuojamas LRT televizijos laidų ciklas „Mūsų miesteliai“. Tyrimo objektas yra fenomenalus Lietuvos audiovizualinės istorinės kultūros konteks­te. Daugiau kaip 25 metus gyvuojantis, nemažo rezonanso vizuomenėje sulaukiantis laidų ciklas laikyti­nas savotiška vizualia lietuviškųjų miestelių „enciklopedija“ – jo dėmesio centre buvo ir yra šių dienų Lie­tuvos miestelių kultūrinio ir gamtinio savitumo, istoriškumo išryškinimas. Straipsniu siekiama atskleisti šio TV laidų ciklo turinio fenomenalumą, parodant jo įvairialypumą, paneigti perdėm vienpusiškus jos vertinimus. Esminiais laikytini šie klausimai: kaip cikle yra suvokiama miestelio dvasia? kas yra laikoma miestelio dvasios „turėtojais“? pasitelkus kokius įvykius, asmenis, socialines grupes, reiškinius ir pan., yra konstruojama vietos praeitis? kokios vertybinės orientacijos yra diegamos? kokia vietos unikalumo sam­prata yra būdinga?
Apie naujosios istorijos epochas: paskaitos Bavarijos karaliui Maksimilijonui
Authors: Von Ranke Leopold
Published: February 2017

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Atminties svarstyklių beieškant
Authors: Kareniauskaitė Monika
Published: February 2017

Apie Mingailės Jurkutės disertaciją „Lietuvos partizanų karo atmintis: so­vietinis, vietinis ir išeivijos pasakojimai“ ir jos gynimą
EFEKTIVITAS VAKSIN TY21A ORAL DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN VAKSIN PARENTERAL DALAM PENCEGAHAN TRANSMISI DEMAM TIFOID BAGI WISATAWAN
Authors: Manatar Amelia , Hadiwijaya Reynaldi
Published: February 2017

International travel, including travelling to poor and developing country has increased. More than 900 million people travel internationally each year. The risk of infection while travelling varies widely, depending on the closeness of relationship, length of exposure, and nature of the contact. Typhoid fever is one of many health problems for travelers in developing country, because it can increase the morbidity and mortality rate. Thatâ€™s why it takes a precautionary measure to reduce the incidence of typhoid fever especially for travelers. The current preventive intervention for typhoid fever is vaccination. There are twoÂ kinds of vaccines that are widely used, such as parenteral vaccine and oral Ty21a vaccine. These vaccines have it's own up and downside. That's why we have to find out which vaccine is better to prevent the transmission of typhoid fever, especially for high risk traveler.
PENCEGAHAN DAN PENATALAKSANAAN TERKINI PENYAKIT TRAVELERS DIARRHEA UNTUK WISATAWAN YANG BERKUNJUNG KE INDONESIA
Authors: Sarayar Hardy , Liwang Firdy
Published: February 2017

Dari jutaan orang yang melakukan perjalanan dari dunia industri ke negara-negara berkembang setiapÂ tahun, sekitar 20% dan 50% akan mengalami setidaknya satu episode diare sehingga traveler's diarrheaÂ menjadi penyakit medis yang paling umum menimpa wisatawan. Meskipun biasanya digolongkan penyakitÂ ringan, diare dapat menyebabkan morbiditas yang signifikan dan kesulitan ketika kita berada di luar negeri.Â Tindakan pencegahan dapat diambil untuk meminimalkan risiko mengembangkan diare, baik melaluiÂ penghindaran makanan berpotensi atau minuman yang tercemar atau melalui berbagai langkah-langkahÂ pencegahan, termasuk strategi baik dengan antimotilitas dan antimikroba. Jika diare tetap terjadi meskipunÂ tindakan pencegahan telah diambil, pengobatan yang biasanya diberikan adalah kombinasi dari antibiotik danÂ agen antimotilitas. Pengetahuan yang memadai sesuai perkembangan pengetahuan yang ada diperlukan agarÂ pengobatan yang diberikan dapat efektif. Sekarang ini beberapa vaksin sudah berada dalam tahap lanjutanÂ untuk dimasukan sebagai tindakan profilaksis.Â
POTENSI MICRO-CHINESE MEDICINE OSMOTHERAPY SEBAGAI TERAPI ALTERNATIF PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK
Authors: Hadiwijaya Reynaldi , Manatar Amelia
Published: February 2017

These days, the incidence of chronic kidney disease keep on increasing and the growth is estimated to be 10% annually. According to some data from Indonesiaâ€™s nephrology center, the incidence of chronic kidneyÂ disease is estimated to be 100-150/1 million population and the prevalence is 250/1 million population. TheÂ clinical presentation of chronic kidney disease can be classified into several syndromes. Some are typical forÂ glomerular disease, the other are present in the disease of kidneyâ€™s component. In patients with terminal-stageÂ chronic renal failure, Renal Replacement Therapy is required to replace the kidney function. However, RenalÂ Replacement Therapy available now has many drawbacks. Hence, one hospital in China form a team toÂ investigate the effectiveness of the therapy that should be achieved through Micro-Chinese MedicineÂ Osmotherapy. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is a therapy based on the principle of herbs micronisationÂ to cure the disease externally with the help of electronic impulse osmoscope. The drugs can be absorbedÂ directly through the waist to the kidney with the effect of vasodilatation, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation,Â regulates the balance of generation and degradation of extracellular matrix and inhibits the process of renalÂ fibrosis
HUBUNGAN ANTARA STRES DAN TEKANAN DARAH TINGGI PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Subramaniam Vinotha
Published: February 2017

Stres adalah reaksi atau respons tubuh terhadap stresor psikososial. pada mahasiswa dari segi fisik berasal dari luar diri individu, seperti suara, polusi, radiasi, suhu udara, makanan, zat kimia pada makanan yang dimakan oleh generasi sekarang. Pada stresor psikologis tekanan dari dalam diri individu biasanya yang bersifat negatif seperti anxietas dan rasa bersalah karena tidak belajar, rasa kasihan pada diri sendiri,sedangkan stresor sosial yaitu tekanan dari luar disebabkan oleh interaksi individu dengan lingkungannya. Jadi stres pada mahasiwayang bisa menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi adalah suatu keadaan yang bersifat internal, yang bisa disebabkan oleh tuntutan fisik (badan), atau lingkungan, dan situasi sosial, yang berpotensi merusak dan tidakterkontrol.
TOXOPLASMOSIS DALAM KEHAMILAN
Authors: Hamdan Abdullah
Published: February 2017

Toxoplasmosis is caused by protozoa Toxoplasma gondii. In adults, the infectionis usually asymptomatic andwithout certain clinical manifestations. The active infection is most often encounterd in the newborn, whoacquired their infection in utero. Pregnant woman with toxoplasmosis may have an abortion, intra unterine fetaldeath, and if the infant survives the active infection hes is likely to be handicapped by serious residual centralnervous system and ocular lesions that can cause mental retardation. Therefore,pregnant woman must beprevented from toxoplasma infection, or cure as early as possible.
PENANGANAN BIBIR SUMBING DAN MALFORMASI LANGITâ€LANGIT
Authors: Jairaman Vimal
Published: February 2017

Cleft lip or more recognized as labioschisis and palate malformation is a congenital defect that has the highest prevalence among infants. In this modern era of this problem can be seen as detected during the gestational age, but workarounds can only be done after the baby is born. Factors that cause labioschisis is still controversial, but the main factor that lead to labioschisis is genetic. The best cure for this problem is surgery. The management does not just stop after the surgery is done but sustained till that the children in school .
TINGKAT KECEMASAN SISWA KELAS IX SMP PGRI 2 DENPASAR PADA MARET 2015 DALAM MENGHADAPI UJIAN NASIONAL 2012
Authors: Apsari Susila Dewi Larasati , Westa Wayan
Published: February 2017

National exam is used as a standardization of the government to test a feasibility of student to be able to continue their education to a higher level and as a national educational equity. National exam is often used as a load by the students. This disturbing their psychological anxiety that would interfere with their activities as a threat nature. Tranquility in the conduct of national examinations is absolutely necessary for the students of junior high schoolPGRI 2 so that early detection of anxiety levels of students needs to be done. This research is quantitative descriptive cross sectional descriptive design was conducted on March 22, 2015 in Junior high schoolPGRI 2. These samples were taken with stratified random sampling technique and obtained 90 samples that met the inclusion criteria of exclusion. Data was collected using TMAS (Taylor Manifest Axientas Scale). The results found 57.1% of women have a mild anxiety, 55.1% moderate and 80% anxiety severe anxiety. And men found mild anxiety 42.9%, 44.9 % anxiety moderate, 20% severe anxiety. Students who follow the guidance of learning found 42.9% had mild anxiety, anxiety was 44.9%, 46.7% severe anxiety. So it can be said women have a tendency to experience anxiety than men and students who follow the guidance of learning tend to have lower levels of anxiety. Conclusion, research must be done in order to find a solution to anxiety levels were found in student.Â
DERMATITIS KONTAK ALERGIK AKIBAT TATO TEMPORER PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR PADA TAHUN 2010
Authors: Wulandari Desy , Darmada IGK , Darma Putra IGN
Published: February 2017

Allergic contact dermatitis in Sanglah General Hospital still becomes one of the highest number of disease. There are several factors which makes this disease appear, such as: the chemical content which contains in particular cosmetics, parfume, or temporary tattoo which can change into allergen that can stimulates inflamation response . As the tourism object which has a lot of culture and arts just like temporary tattoos, which is very popular as an alternative in changing the permanent one. But, nowadays the temporary tattoos often use the chemical contents which can stimulates the inflammation reaction on the skin which more familiarly known as allergic contac dermatitis. There are some kinds of chemical contents , such as: parafenilandiamine, which is almost the same as the strong sensitizer. This chemical content is often used in temporary tattoo.Â
STRES PADA PENDUDUK LANJUT USIA YANG MENDERITA HIPERTENSI DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TABANAN II KABUPATEN TABANAN PERIODE SEPTEMBER- OKTOBER 2013
Authors: Wiraputra Andy
Published: February 2017

The growing number of the elderly population, so health related problems also will increase. Mental health concerns are among the most important health problems in the management of the elderly. From research was found that people who experience stress have a higher risk of developing hypertension, 2.5 times more than those who do not experience stress. In May 2013, 54% of elderly people in the region in tabanan second primary health centerâ€™s region at tabanan regency have been diagnosed with hypertension,.This study aims to determine the relationship of stress on the degree of hypertension, that suffered by elderly people treated at in Tabanan second primary health centerâ€™s region at Tabanan regency. The study carried out in September-October 2013, using a study design with cross sectional analysis. Data collection in the study was done in two stages of work, primary data through interviews conducted by questionnaires from house to house and secondary data obtained from the information available at primary health centerâ€™s .Â The results showed that the respondents with hypertension, grade I status as many as 41 people (75.9%) experienced stress while respondents with hypertension, grade II status as many as 27 people (81.8%) experienced stress. Kendall correlation test results for the variable stress levels with the degree of hypertension, showed a correlation coefficient of 0.069 with p = 0.521. These results show a correlation between stress and the the degree of hypertension, in the same direction. However, the price of the correlation coefficient between stress and the degree of hypertension showed a very weak relationship between stress and the degree of hypertension, (0.069 <0.2). When viewed from the price of p = 0.521 (> 0.05) so there is no significant correlation between the two variables.
GAMBARAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PEKUTATAN I KABUPATEN JEMBRANA PERIODE JUNI 2013 -JULI 2013
Authors: Arya Adiputra Aditya
Published: February 2017

Smoking is can be harmful to our body health. Many disease was correlated to smoking habituation.Smoking can increase the risk of COPD. The negative effect of smoking is caused through a progressive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), which the results of reduction in lung function leading to shortness of breath. Smoking accounts for as many as 80% COPD-related deaths. Smokingresponsible for 80% of lung cancer that can increase the risk of developing lung cancer in developed countries five to ten fold. Indonesia with 65 million smokers on the third rank of nation has the largest smoker in the world. At the Puskesmas I Pekutatan, Jembrana Regency, the prevalence of smoker in that area has not been studied before.The research was conducted by using descriptive cross-sectional study on June 2013 until July 2013. Samples account of 50 people was selected by purposive and simple random sampling method with head of the family as a reasonable population at Puskesmas I Pekutatan, Jembrana Regency. From this research, 25 respondents (50%) has smoking habituation every day. Most of the smokers started to smoke between age 20 to 29 years (44%) and most of the respondent was smoke cigarettes with filters (88%). Many of the respondent are moderate smokers (60%) who smoke cigarettes between 10 to 20 every day. Considering the high prevalence of smoking, counseling and health promotion should be done about the risk of smoking for health.
KEGAGALAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI USIA 0-6 BULAN DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS MANGGIS I KARANGASEM
Authors: Mahendra Yogantara Arya
Published: February 2017

One of many efforts to improve nutrition status of baby is by giving milk the mother (breastfeeding).Breastfeeding containing antibodies from the mother who helped fight against disease, for that provision of breastfeeding in infants should be done early and given exclusively.The department of health through a decree of the minister of health no: 450 / menkes / sk / iv / 2004 determined that all health workers to inform all the mothers that just given birth to give breast-fed exclusively.The aim of this research is to find a failure and the knowledge about granting exclusive breast-fed in the work area of Manggis IKarangasem primary health care.The total sample used as much as 50 people with the criteria for all the mothers that having a baby was 0-6 months fail to provide exclusive breastfeeding in the work area of Manggis I primary health care.Cross sectional design is used in descriptive observational research. This research take place from september until october 2013. The result was obtained the decision makers when mom give supplementary food breastfeeding who mentors be the cause of failure is own health officers as many as 56 % and the second was the decision of the mother own about 54 %.The motherâ€™s knowledge regarding breastfeeding exclusive been gained knowledge less ( 46 % ) knowledge enough ( 28 % ) and knowledge of good ( 26 % ).
MENEKAN LAJU PENYEBARAN KOLERA DI ASIA DENGAN 3SW (STERILIZATION, SEWAGE, SOURCES, AND WATER PURIFICATION)
Authors: Anggaraditya Bagus Anggaraditya
Published: February 2017

Penyakit taun atau kolera (juga disebut Asiatic cholera) adalah penyakit menular di saluran pencernaan yang disebabkan oleh bakterium Vibrio cholerae. Kolera ditemukan pada tahun 1883 karena infeksi Vibrio cholerae, bakteri berbentuk koma. Penemuan ini ditemukan oleh bakteriologi Robert Koch (Jerman, 1843-1910).Penyebab kolera, adalah bakteri Vibrio cholerae, yang merupakan bakteri gram negatif, berbentuk basil (batang) dan bersifat motil (dapat bergerak), memiliki struktur antogenik dari antigen flagelar H dan antigen somatik O, gamma-proteobacteria, mesofilik dan kemoorganotrof, berhabitat alami di lingkungan akuatik dan umumnya berasosiasi dengan eukariot.Â Pada orang yang feacesnya ditemukan bakteri kolera mungkin selama 1-2 minggu belum merasakan keluhan berarti, Tetapi saat terjadinya serangan infeksi maka tiba-tiba terjadi diare dan muntah dengan kondisi cukup serius sebagai serangan akut yang menyebabkan samarnya jenis diare yg dialamiCara pencegahan dan memutuskan tali penularan penyakit kolera adalah dengan prinsip sanitasi lingkungan, terutama kebersihan air dan pembuangan kotoran (feaces) pada tempatnya yang memenuhi standar lingkungan. Lainnya ialah meminum air yang sudah dimasak terlebih dahulu, cuci tangan dengan bersih sebelum makan memakai sabun/antiseptik, cuci sayuran dangan air bersih terutama sayuran yang dimakan mentah (lalapan), hindari memakan ikan dan kerang yang dimasak setengah matang.Kolera memang sudah menjadi momok yang menakutkan di dunia, dan belajar dari negara-negara di Asia yang sudah pernah mengalami wabah kolera, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pengobatan dengan vaksin tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.Selain karena tidak menjangkau seluruh warga miskin di sebuah negara, harga vaksin kolera juga dirasa cukup memberatkan anggaran negara-negara yang sedang berkembang di Asia.Cara yang dirasa paling tepat dalam menekan laju penyebara kolera adalah 3SW (Sterilization, Sewage, Sources, and Water purification), hal ini mengingatkan kita untuk menjaga keseimbangan Agent, Host, dan Environment.Gangguan pada environment (lingkungan), alam di sekitar kita, akhirnya menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan di sebuah daerah dan akhirnya membawa bencana di wilayah tersebut.Â
PEMBERIAN MP-ASI DAN STATUS GIZI BAYI USIA 6-24 BULAN BERDASARKAN INDEKS BB/U DI DESA BAN KECAMATAN KUBU TAHUN 2014
Authors: Akmal Hakim Muhammad
Published: February 2017

The provision of complementary foods (solids) early or too late will cause the baby susceptible to infectious diseases, allergies, nutritional deficiencies, and excess nutrients, which can lead to malnutrition and impaired growth. This research is to know the description the provision of complementary feeding and nutritional status of infants aged 6-24 months.This study was a cross sectional study in Public Healthcare Centre (Puskesmas) Kubu II with a sample of 81 people were selected by convenient sampling. As the sample is domiciled in infants Puskesmas Kubu II, and the exclusion criteria are infants with chronic infections, chronic diseases, congenital abnormalities and neurological defects. Data collection using questionnaires to a sample of parents selected as responders and weight measurements of the samples. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate. The result is from 81 samples obtained 59 samples were not given timely complementary feeding. Malnutrition status was found in 1 sample and 80 samples with good nutrition. Judging from the trend level of education and the provision of complementary feeding accuracy, the lower the level of research increasingly imprecise provision of complementary feeding. From the group of mothers with a high education level, 88.1% did not provide timely complementary feeding. In granting the accuracy of the distribution of complementary feeding on the nutritional status, the provision of timely complementary feeding not found one case of malnutrition (1.7%) and 58 well-nourished (98.3). While the provision of timely complementary feeding found 22 cases of good nutrition (100%).
FAKTOR VIRULENSI Salmonella enterica SEROVAR TYPHI
Authors: Pranamartha Marvy Khrisna
Published: February 2017

Demam tifoid disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi, dengan gejala umum berupa demam tinggi dan nyeri perut. Tifoid adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi, yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui mulut dan saluran cerna.1Untuk bisa memahami patogenesis dari demam tifoid sampai ke tingkat selular dan molekular, ada 5 hal penting yang harus digaris bawahi, yaitu:1. Tipe 3 Sistem Sekresi (T3SS)2. Virulence Genes dari Salmonella yang mengkode 5 SIP (Salmonella Invasion Protein) SIP A, B, C, D, dan E.3. Toll R2 dan toll R3 yang merupakan lapisan luar dari makrofag.4. Sistem imun lumen usus sampai ke organ dalam5. Fungsi endotelial sel dalam inflamasi.Infeksi Salmonella dapat berakibat fatal kepada bayi, balita, ibu hamil dan kandungannya serta orang lanjut usia. Hal ini disebabkan karena kekebalan tubuh mereka yang menurun. Virulensi salmonella tidak lepas dari peranan SPI, yang terletak di dalam kromosom dan plasmid bakteri.Â Dimana SPI 1 dan SPI 2 telah dikaji cukup mendalam karena keterkaitannya dengan T3SS, dan berperan sangat penting pada invasi awal serta siklus hidup intrasel dari bakteri Salmonella.Kontaminasi Salmonella dapat dicegah dengan mencuci tangan dan menjaga kebersihan makanan yang dikonsumsi. Selalu menjaga kebersihan lingkungan hidup kita agar terhindar dari kontaminasi dengan bakteri Salmonella typhi. Agar mewaspadai sejak dini pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit typhus.Â Studi mendalam perlu dilakukan agar kita mampu lebih memahami proses kompleks antara patogen dan sel inang. Mengingat dari 15 SPI yang sudah diketahui, hanya SPI 1 dan SPI 2 yang sudah dikaji secara mendalam.
REVERSE SHOULDER PROSTHESIS: REVIEW DARI FITUR IMAGING DAN KOMPLIKASINYA
Authors: Ramachandran Sharanya
Published: February 2017

Latar belakang: reverse shoulder prosthesis adalah prosthesis yang telah digunakan secara klinis di Eropa sejak 1985 dan telah disetujui untuk digunakan di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2004. Prosthesis unik ini memiliki dasar melekat pada glenoid, yang memegang komponen yang berbentuk bola, sedangkan komponen humerus yang meliputi polietilen yang terdapat di dalamnya adalah datar. Desain ini adalah konfigurasi â€œterbalikâ€ yang terlihat dengan artroplasti konvensional, di mana komponen yang berbentuk bola merupakan bagian dari komponen humerus.Indikasiuntukprosthesis terbalikadalah: (1) arthritis yang sangat nyeridikaitkandenganrobekan rotator-cuff yang tidakdapat diperbaiki(robekanrotator-cuffarthropathy), (2) hemiarthroplasty gagaldengan robekanrotator-cuff yang tidakdapat diperbaiki, (3) pseudoparalysisyang masif, robekan rotator-cuff yang tidak dapatdiperbaiki, (4) beberaparekonstruksisetelahreseksitumor, dan(5) beberapapatah tulangbahutidak dapatdiperbaikiataureconstructabledengantekniklain. Prosthesisini dapatmenghasilkanpengurangan yang signifikan dalamrasa sakitdanbeberapaperbaikandalamfungsiuntuksebagian besarindikasiyang disebutkan. Namun,konfigurasiunikdantantanganpenyisipandapatmengakibatkantingginya insidenberbagaikomplikasiyang tidak biasa. Beberapakomplikasi, seperti dislokasikomponen, miripdenganpenggantianbahukonvensional. Komplikasilain, sepertibentukanskapuladanpatah stress acromialyang unikuntukprostesisini. Kesimpulan: Konfigurasidariprosthesisterbalik, penampilanradiografi yang normaldankomplikasipotensialterkaitpenggunaan.
PENILAIAN PEDOFILIA MENGGUNAKAN RESPON HEMODINAMIK OTAK TERHADAP STIMULI SEKSUAL
Authors: Mahendran Kuhelan
Published: February 2017

Menilai secara akurat orientasi seksual seseorang sangat penting dalam melakukan penanganan terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual pada anak. Phallometry adalah metode standar untuk mengidentifikasi orientasi seksual; tetapi, metode ini telah banyak dikritik oleh karena bersifat intrusif dan reliabilitasnya terbatas.Tujuan:Untuk mengevaluasi apakah pola respon spasial terhadap stimuli seksual yang ditandai oleh adanya perubahan blood oxygen level-dependent signal (BOLD)memfasilitasi proses identifikasi pedofilia.Desain:Selama dilakukan pemeriksaan magnetic resonance imaging fungsional (fMRI), ditampilkan gambar anak-anak dan dewasa tanpa busana dengan jenis kelamin sama atau berbeda terhadap sampel penelitian (kelompok pedofil dan kontrol). Kami mengkalkulasi perbedaan BOLDterhadap stimuli sexual anak-anak dan dewasa pada setiap sampel. Hasil foto dengan kontras kemudian dimasukkan sesuai dengan kelompoknya untuk dianalisis perbedaan pemetaan otak antara kelompok pedofil dan kontrol. Kami mengkalkulasi nilai ekspresi yang sesuai dengan hasil kelompok bagi setiap sampel. Nilai ekspresi tersebut dibedakan menjadi 2 algoritma klasifikasi: analisis Fisher linear discriminant dan analisis ï«-nearest neighbor. Prosedur klasifikasi tersebut telah divalidasi silang menggunakan metode leave-one-out.Â Lokasi:Bagian Kedokteran Seksual, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Christian Albrechts di Kiel, Jerman.Sampel:Kami merekrut 24 sampel dengan pedofil yang memiliki ketertarikan seksual terhadap anak perempuan (n=11) atau laki-laki (n=13) pre pubertas dan 32 kontrol laki-laki sehat yang memiliki ketertarikan seksual terhadap wanita (n=18) atau pria (n=14) dewasa.Pengukuran luaran utama:Angka sensitivitasdan spesifisitas dari kedua algoritme klasifikasi.Hasil:Akurasi klasifikasi tertinggi dicapai dengan analisis diskriminan linear Fisher, yang menunjukkan akurasi rata-rata 95% (100% spesifisitas, 88% sensitivitas).Simpulan:Pola respon otak fungsional terhadap stimuli seksual mengandung informasi yang cukup untuk mengidentifikasi pedofilia dengan akurasi tinggi. Klasifikasi otomatis dari pola tersebut merupakan alat ukur objektif yang menjanjikan untuk mendiagnosis pedofilia secara klinis.
KARAKTERISTIK KEKUATAN OTOT, KELENTURAN TUBUH, KOMPOSISI TUBUH DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH SISWA SMK NEGERI 5 DENPASAR TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: Reddy Ramadas Dhivya
Published: February 2017

BackgroundSomeone has a good level of fitness when exercising 3-5 times a week, and allocate 3 hours of lessons in physical education curriculum structure while the implementation of physical education in SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar allocate training time which is 1 times a week with a duration of 60 minutes.PurposesTo determine the physical status of the aspects of muscle strength, body flexibility, body composition, and body mass index of students of SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar.MethodsThis study is a quantitative descriptive research to determine the physical status of muscle strength, muscle tone, body fat composition, and body mass index in the students of SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar. The sample of this study were 43 students.ResultAverage of the left hand grip strength 28.48 Â± 14.243; right-hand grip strength 26.49 Â± 17.069; the strength of the back muscles 89.83 Â± 40.921; leg muscle strength 74.49 Â± 37.861. Body flexibility obtained an average of 6.42 Â± 5.343. Body fat composition obtained an average 11.82 Â± 3.589. The average body mass index of 20.97 Â± 1.992.ConclusionFrequency of sample exercises mostly only 1 time per week. The duration of most of the 1-hour exercise in one workout. Most have poor and very poor muscle strength. Most men have average body flexibility and good. Most women have a average body flexibility. The composition of body fat on average at 11.82 Â± 3.58. Most subjects had a normal body mass index.
TANDA DAN GEJALA GASTROPATI NSAID
Authors: Gajapathi Rao Vaanipriya
Published: February 2017

Introduction: gastritis is the process of inflammatory in the stomach mucous lining and submucous and in histopathology can be evidenced by the infiltration cells of the area. NSAID used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoartritis or pain. NSAID damage gastric mucous through two mechanism that is topical and systemic. Mucous damage in topikal occurred because NSAID are acidic and lipophilic, making it easier trapping hydrogen ions enter the mucosa and cause damage. Systemic effects of NSAIDs are more important that mucosal damage caused by prostaglandin production decreases significantly.Case: The patient was male, 68 years old, the tribe of Bali, a Hindu came on January 7, 2015 with complaints of pain in the gut for a long time which is about 6 months ago and was advancing from + 2 days ago. Pain feels like a tingling blunt and does not spread, the patient felt throughout the day. Pain initially appears suddenly, felt increasingly become heavy to interfere with the patient's daily activities. The pain did not diminish after patients eat and with drugs. Patients also complained of pain he felt increasingly growing, especially at night.
INDIKASI DAN KETERAMPILAN RESUSITASI JANTUNG PARU (RJP)
Authors: Ganthikumar Kaliammah
Published: February 2017

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a livesaving technique which is very useful in many emergencies, such as heart attack or near drowning, in which someoneâ€™s breathing or heartbeat has stopped.The American Heart Association recommends that everyone - doesnâ€™t have experience or medical personnel can start CPR with chest compression. Chest compression can help to save someoneâ€™s life eventhough you doesnâ€™t have knowledge. Its better then doing nothing. CPR can delivery enough oxygen to brain and vital organ till definitive medication is given to restore normal heart rthym. The supply of oxygen to brain is distupted for eight to te minutes can cause death.CPR for a cardiac arrest I starting from circulation then breathing then airway( C-B-A)
PREVALENSI PENURUNAN TAJAM PENGLIHATAN PADA SISWA KELAS 3-6 SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 1 MANGGIS, KARANGASEM BALI TAHUN 2014
Authors: Dhamar Hutami Witantra , Wulandari Putu Asti
Published: February 2017

Background: Visual disturbance in school children can have impacts on long term health status, school performance, and emotional and social development of those children. Despite these facts, there are only few eye examinations performed to assess disturbance of visual acuity in elementary school children. This research aims to observe the prevalence of decreased visual acuity in 3rd-6th grade students of Manggis 1 State Elementary School, District of Manggis, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province year 2014.Method:This Study is a descriptive cross-sectional study with the sample of 120 school children from 3rd â€“ 6th grade students of Manggis I State Elementary School. Data were collected from visual acuity examination using Snellen Chart at the distance of 6 metres and from interview guided by questionnaire form.Â Result:The prevalence of decreased visual acuity in both right and left eyes of 3rdâ€“6th grade students of Manggis 1 State Elementary School is 70%. The values of decreased visual acuity of the subjects studied vary in the range of 6/30 up to 6/9. The majority of students found to have decreased visual acuity have a mild decreased visual acuity, and are found in the right eyes of 46 students (38,3%) and in the left eyes of 47 students (39,2%). There are some factors that tend to influence the value of visual acuity, they are duration of watching television, reading position, and duration of playing outdoor.Conclusion: There are some students of manggis 1 elementary school who suffer from unrecognized decreased visual acuity. Their parents are advised to bring their children to the nearest eye health care center to examine the visual acuity in order to acquire proper management regarding their decreased visual acuity.
Pemberian Testosterone Replacement Therapy Meningkatkan Ekspresi mRNA Reseptor Androgen pada Kelenjar Prostat Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan yang Dikastrasi
Authors: Ari Arini Luh
Published: February 2017

Andropause merupakan peristiwa penuaan pada pria yang terjadi secara alami, dimana terjadi penurunan testosteron. Pemberian testosterone replacement therapy dapat memulihkan keadaan defisiensi hormon dan meningkatkan struktur jaringan kelenjar prostat, yang kerjanya dimediasi oleh reseptor androgen. Penelitian ini menggunakan post test only control group design terhadap 36 ekor tikus wistar jantan (21 hari pasca kastrasi). Sampel kelenjar prostat tikus dianalisis ekspresi mRNA reseptor androgen dengan menggunakan metode realtime PCR. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik didapatkan rerata ekspresi mRNA reseptor androgen prostat pada kelompok kontrol (0,57 + 0,17 pg/Âµl) dan kelompok perlakuan (0,77 + 0,21 pg/Âµl). Dengan independent-t test (Î±=0,05), didapatkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan mRNA reseptor androgen secara bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan dimana p =0,003 (p<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian testosterone replacement therapy dapat meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA reseptor androgen pada kelenjar prostat tikus kastrasi.Â Â
KEBIJAKAN PENANGKAPAN DAN PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN LAUT-DALAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suman Ali , Badrudin Badrudin
Published: February 2017

Jenis-jenis organisme laut-dalam yang telah ditemukan antara lain meliputi ikan bertulang rawan (Elasmobranch), ikan bertulang keras (bony fish), krustasea, cephalopod, echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids, holoturoids, dan anthozoa. Dari sejumlah 550 jenis biota laut, ada sebagian di antaranya bahkan belum ditemui dalam literatur. Jenis-jenis ikan laut-dalam yang ditemui di Samudera Hindia tampaknya mempunyai prospek yang cukup baik untuk dimanfaatkan. Sebagianbesar jenis-jenis ikan laut-dalam memiliki karakterisitik daging yang khusus dengan kandungan protein yang tinggi dan kandungan lemak yang rendah. Selain itu juga dalam daging ikan laut-dalam tersebut telah ditemukan 17 jenis asam amino, yaitu sembilan asam amino esensial dan sisanya asam amino non esensial yang ke semuanya itu dibutuhkan oleh tubuh manusia. Dari 10 jenis ikan laut-dalam yang dianalisis tempak bahwa leusin merupakan asam amino esensial dengan kuantias paling dominan. Selain asam amino, dalam daging ikan laut-dalam juga ditemukan unsur kimia steroid yaitu sejenis hormonyang berisi nucleolus steroid, merupakan unsur biokimia yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pemulih vitalitas (aphrodisiach), yang berguna dalam meningkatkan kesehatan fungsi seksual. Dari manfaat kandungan biokimia ikan laut-dalam tersebut kiranya perlu direkomendasikan agar eksploitasi sumber daya ikan laut dalam hendaknya tidak ditujukan untuk konsumsi langsung. Pemanfaatan yang optimal hendaknya ditujukan untuk memperoleh kandungan bioaktif bagi keperluan farmakologis. Dengan demikian, stok ikan laut-dalam yang tidak terlalubesar tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. A wide range of marine organisms had been found in the catch. These include fishes group of both bony fish and Elasmobranch. Other groups were crustaceans, cephalopods, echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids, holoturoids, and anthozoa. A total of more than 550 species were found in the catch, of which until now some species were not yet found in the literatures. Most of deepsea fish in the Eastern Indian Ocean having special meat characteristic with high protein content and lower lipid. On top of that there are some 17 amino acid, consisted of 9 essential and non essential were found in the dee-sea flesh, all needed for metabolism of human life. From the flesh analysis of 10 deepsea species it was found that leusin provide the highest content of the essential amino acid. In addition to the amino acid content it was also found steroid, abiochemical substant containing nucleolus steroid that provide agent in accelerating sexual health function. From this benefit of biochemical substant it is recommended that deep-sea fish resources exploitation should not allotted toward direct consumption. Some optimal exploitation of these resources should be directed to obtain bioactive substants for pharmalogical purposes, so that the relatively small size of potential stock biomass could be utilized sustainably.
PERTUMBUHAN IKAN BETOK (Anabas testudineus Bloch) DI BERBAGAI HABITAT DI LINGKUNGAN DANAU MELINTANG - KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Mustakim Moh , Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko , Affandi Ridwan , Kamal M Mukhlis
Published: February 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ikan betok di berbagai habitat di lingkungan Danau Melintang Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei selama musim penghujan, yaitu bulan November 2007 hingga Januari 2008. Stasiun pengamatan ditetapkan secara sengaja di perairan danau, sungai dan rawa banjiran (flood plain). Di setiap stasiun pengamatan tersebut, ikan betok (Anabas testudinus) ditangkap dengan alat tangkul, jaring insang dan keblat. Ikan contoh dihitung dan masing-masing diukur panjang total dan bobotnya. Hubungan panjang berat dan pendugaan pertumbuhan ikan betok di masing-masing habitat diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan ikan betok terbanyak di rawa. Pola pertumbuhan ikan betok jantan dan betina di habitat rawa berbeda, masing-masing mengikuti pola isometrik dan alometrik. Pola pertumbuhan ikan tersebut di sungai dan danau adalah alometrik, baik jantan maupun betina. Berdasarkan atas dugaan parameter pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy, nilai K dan Loo untuk ikan betok adalah 0,73 th-1 dan 214, 2 mm di rawa, 0,66 th-1 dan 204,23 mm di sungai dan 1,30 th-1 dan 200,55 mm di danau. This research proposed to observe growth pattern of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in different habitats of Lake Melintang area, East Kalimantan Provincy. The research was executed using survey methods during rainy season, namely from November 2007 to January 2008. Sampling station was defined purposively in body of lake, river and floodplain area, respectively. In each station, the climbing perch was caught using lift net, gill net and trap (keblat). The fishes were numbered and measured for their total length and weight individually. Lenght and weight relationship and estimation of fish growth were calculated. The results indicated that the highest number of the climbing perch was observed in floodplain. Differences of growth pattern were observed for male and female of the fishes caught in floodplain, namely isometric and allometric respectively. However, there was no differences of the growth pattern in lake and river, following allometric growth. Base on von Bertalanffy equation, the values of K and Loo for climbing perch were 0.73 yr-1 and 214.2 mm; 0,66 yr-1 and 204,23 mm and 1,30 yr-1 and 200,55 mm for floodplain, river and lake, respectively.
Der Religionsunterricht in der Schule – eine Brücke zwischen Jugend und Kirche
Authors: Morawski Marcin
Published: February 2017

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Frage, inwiefern der schulische Religionsunterricht eine Brücke zwischen Jugend und Kirche sein kann, wobei die entsprechenden Dokumente des polnischen und des deutschen Episkopats, religionspädagogische Konzepte sowie Untersuchungen aus dem Bereich der Professionsforschung von Religionslehrern berücksichtigt werden. Das Hauptaugenmerk dieses Artikels liegt auf der Frage nach der Rolle der Vernunft im Prozess religiösen Lernens und, in Zusammenhang damit, zweier Ausrichtungen von Religionsunterricht im Sinne von „teaching religion“ und „teaching about religion“.Zum Schluss wird die Relevanz der Kindheit als Fundament der Brücke und die Bedeutung einer religiösen Früherziehung unterstrichen.
Desempenho de idosos brasileiros no teste de deglutição de 100 ml de água
Authors: Moreira Graziela Maria Martins , Pereira Sílvia Regina Mendes
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Comparar o desempenho de idosos brasileiros, residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência, no teste de deglutição de 100 ml de água com os resultados obtidos em idosos ingleses. MÉTODOS: Dezoito idosos residentes numa instituição de longa permanência, considerados normais para a função de deglutição (13 mulheres e cinco homens, com idade média de 83,46 anos) foram solicitados a beber 100 ml de água de um copo plástico, reproduzindo o estudo inglês. O avaliador observou lateralmente o número de goles, tempo gasto e intercorrências, gerando três índices: volume por deglutição (ml), tempo por deglutição (s) e capacidade de deglutição (ml/s). RESULTADOS: A capacidade de deglutição para homens foi menor do que a das mulheres, divergindo do estudo original. O tempo médio de cada deglutição e o volume médio por deglutição foi semelhante para ambos os gêneros. CONCLUSÃO: A capacidade de deglutição em idosos é inferior à de adultos normais, indicando lentificação da deglutição. A diferença entre gêneros encontrada no estudo original não foi reproduzida, entretanto nossa amostra foi mais idosa.
Determinación de torque y potencia de un motor de combustión interna utilizando mezclas parciales de biodisel
Authors: Reyes Campaña Guillermo Gorky , Castillo Reyes José Andrés , Escalante Quezada Alex Xabier
Published: February 2017

Introducción: este artículo es producto de la investigación “Determinación de torque y potencia de un motor de combustión interna utilizando diferentes mezclas parciales de biodiésel a 2800 m s. n. m. según la norma sae j1349 y la inen rte 017”, realizada por el grupo de investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería automotriz de la Universidad Internacional del Ecuador (Quito), en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de mayo del 2014 y el 13 de julio del 2015. La investigación determinó el comportamiento del biodiésel en la altura, específicamente a 2800 m s. n. m., con mezclas parciales de biodiésel, junto con el diésel colombiano y ecuatoriano. Metodología: se describe el análisis matemático comparativo de las muestras de biocombustibles en porcentajes B5, B10 y B30, proporcionado por la empresa Lafabril, tomando en cuenta factores ambientales propios del lugar donde se realizan las pruebas. Resultados: los datos obtenidos en el laboratorio fueron comprobados cuantitativamente con las mezclas parciales de biodiésel, y de esta manera se obtuvieron curvaturas de torque y potencia al igual que la emisión de material particulado. Conclusiones: con las características de los combustibles locales y sus respectivas mezclas parciales de biocombustible, se obtuvo una disminución de material particulado y valores eficientes de torque y potencia con el biocombustible B30, siendo este último el más estable y regular, ya que no tuvo picos en los datos obtenidos.
Back Matter
Authors: Editor IJAL
Published: February 2017

Subject and author index, publication ethics and publication malpractice statement, IJAL subscription form, information of IJAL, notes for contributors, and back cover
Efectos de la introducción del regadío en la agricultura española: El caso de Vilassar de Mar, Barcelona (1850-1937)
Authors: Parcerisas-Benedé Lluis
Published: February 2017

En este artículo se estudian los motivos económicos y efectos, tanto económicos como biofísicos, de la introducción del regadío a gran escala en la agricultura litoral mediterránea, a partir de un estudio de caso, a saber, el municipio de Vilassar de Mar (Barcelona) entre 1850 y 1937. El cálculo de los balances económicos de la agricultura, y de la biomasa cosechada y energía asociada, antes y después de la introducción del regadío en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, permite obtener un mayor conocimiento de las causas y consecuencias de la opción por esta nueva agricultura intensiva. Una agricultura intensiva, basada en la producción de cultivos hortícolas de gran demanda internacional, que proporcionaba a los agricultores mayores beneficios económicos y producía una mayor cantidad de biomasa cultivada y energía asociada.
El impacto hídrico de la metropolización de la Ciudad de México: el caso de Naucalpan de Juárez, México, 1890-1990
Authors: López-Mora Rebeca
Published: February 2017

En este trabajo se presenta el caso del municipio de Naucalpan de Juárez, Estado de México, que fue incorporado a la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de México a mediados del siglo XX. Este proceso --conocido como metropolización-- y que se presentó durante el denominado “Desarrollo Estabilizador”, se analiza bajo la metodología del metabolismo social, como una transición que va del sistema agroecológico hacia un metabolismo industrial. Los cambios metabólicos provocaron una transformación en las fuentes tradicionales de sustento hídrico (agua del Río Hondo), las cuales resultaron insuficientes para cubrir la demanda urbano industrial. El crecimiento urbano trajo un aumento poblacional inusitado, por lo que la demanda de agua no pudo ser cubierta de forma igualitaria. La extracción de agua subterránea y la importación del recurso hídrico por medio de los sistemas Lerma y Cutzamala ampliaron el caudal que llegó al municipio, pero las medidas políticas no evitaron la ocupación ilegal de la tierra, lo cual impidió el tendido de redes y un cobro adecuado del servicio. Este es un caso más en que la urbanización desmedida y sin planeación provoca graves rezagos sociales respecto al abasto y la distribución del agua.
Noise and Performances Analysis of Commerical Aircrafts using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yildirim Şahin
Published: February 2017

Commerical aircrafts are very important part for airway travelling. In spite of high technology on aircrafts, there is still fatality accidents in the world. Because of this reason, it is very important criteria to analyse noises of main elements of the air-craft systems. In tis study, an aircraft’s main disturbances are analysed with proposed neural networks. Firstly, the noises of the jet, turbine and fan were measured from the aircraft. Secondly, the measured parameter values were predicted the proposed neural networks. The results of the proposed neuarl approaches were shown that this type of neural predictors will be employed to predict aircrafts unpredicted disturbances in real time applications.