bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychology of the Deviant Forms of Economic Personal Behavior in the Cyberspace
Authors:   Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Koval Hanna
Published: April 2023

The author achieved the defined goal of the research - the psychological features of the deviant forms of economic behavior of an individual in cyberspace were considered. When writing the article, we used a classic set of philosophical and worldview, general scientific methods to implement the problematic completeness of our research and obtain scientifically based and reliable results and general conclusions: synthesis, logic and structure of the presentation, analysis and generalization of the problems of scientific sources. Linguistic methodology and the method of cognition were used to study the problematic issues of this work in the unity of their visual and factual perception, social content, legal and terminological form of representation. The systemic-structural approach made it possible to conceptually form, implement the theoretical foundations and model the complexity of the research discourse. It was noted that crime and delinquency are related to both internal factors that mediate criminal tendencies and external factors such as interaction with other types of crime, age, gender, material values, and the influence of peers. It is concluded that the specifics of deviant forms of individual economic behavior in cyberspace are still not sufficiently studied, and attention is focused more on more popular types of cyber deviance. It was noted that one of the problems is the difficulty of conducting research when referring to various theories and taking into account the key feature of cyberspace - anonymity. At the same time, it is emphasized that the main goal of psychological science is to provide information about current problems, for example, the peculiarities of the formation of economic cyber deviance; detection of a tendency to this type of behavior; planning correctional and educational psychological work with deviants and victims of economic cybercrime.
Personality Traits Contributing to Anxiety and Phobic Disorders in Psychology Students
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Krupelnytska Liudmyla , Baratiuk Artem ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The research analyses factors of personal predisposition to anxiety and phobic disorders among psychology students. The research subject is insufficiently covered in scientific publications; therefore, it needs further study. The purpose of the research is to identify personal factors of predisposition to anxiety-phobic disorders in psychology students. The research uses Freiburg Personality Inventory, Questionnaire of the Hierarchical Structure of Actual Personal Fears; Integrative Anxiety Test; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) - Panic Screening Questions. 70 students took part in the study (male/female ratio is 21/49). All of them studied at the Faculty of Psychology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The age of the respondents is from 18 to 22 years old, the average age is 20.00, the standard deviation is 1.47. The personal profile of psychology students is distinguished by the following characteristics. The extremes are openness (upper peak) and shyness (lower peak). The second-highest indicator is for sociability; and the third is for neuroticism. Next to the lower peak there is also an indicator of reactive aggressiveness. The research establishes gender differences in the manifestation of neuroticism and reactive aggressiveness of psychology students, the correlation of current fears, anxiety, and the tendency to panic attacks with personality characteristics. It builds prognostic models of the influence of personal traits on the tendency to manifest current fears, situational and personal anxiety, and panic attacks. In descending order of influence: phobic symptoms are influenced by anxious assessment of prospects, shyness, emotional lability; personal anxiety is influenced by depression, neuroticism, spontaneous aggressiveness; situational anxiety is influenced by depression, current fears and introversion; tendency to panic attacks is influenced by neuroticism.
COVID-19 Fear: Factors Impacting Its Reduction and Negative Coping Strategies
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kurapov Anton , Loshenko Oleksandra ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Bakhvalova Alina ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The article is dedicated to the topics of COVID-19 fear factors on the one side and the influence of this fear on using negative coping strategies on the other. The factors that we supposed that influence on COVID-19 fear is passing the COVID-19 test and experiencing COVID-19 symptoms personally or someone's close symptoms. There was not found any statistical difference in fear of COVID-19 in groups, where closest (friends or relatives) had COVID-19 symptoms or participants tested for the COVID-19. Only in groups of participants that had or had not COVID-19 symptoms we found a statistically significant difference. Half of the group who had the COVID-19 symptoms noted a decrease in COVID-19 fear while participants from another group mostly did not change their degree of COVID-19 fear. Thus, the experience of COVID-19 disease tends to decrease the level of fear. At the same time, there is no significant difference between these groups in general level of COVID-19 fear because this variable does not show changings during time, but only current level of fear. The other side of the article is researching of connection between negative coping strategies and the low resilience level. According to other researches, we chose smoking and cannabis use as negative coping strategies. Participants who used to smoke more than usual because of anxiety about COVID-19 had higher fear of COVID-19 and lower resilience than participants who did not do that. We got the same results for cannabis using, but we need to pay attention to small group volume: only 10 participants, because for students of universities with average high intellect, good education and cultural background this kind of risky behavior is not typical. As a result, in the groups that did not smoke or did not use cannabis as type of coping with COVID-19 anxiety (or even did not do it at all) the resilience level was higher and level of COVID-19 fear was lower, than in groups with such a negative copings. Also, we found statistically significant differences between more frequent smoking or non-smoking male groups in resilience and COVID-19 fear level, when in women groups there was not such a difference.
Determinants of Niger Seed Commercialization in the Jabitehenan District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengstu Mulat , Worku Chernet , Bezie Sosina
Published: April 2023

Ethiopia’s oil seed industry is expanding swiftly to meet rising domestic and foreign demand, assisting the country in generating foreign exchange earnings and income. This study aimed to quantify the level of household commercialization of Niger seed output and analyze the determinants affecting it. This research utilized a three-stage random sampling technique to gather quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. The primary data came from sampled households through a semi-structured interview. Moreover, 150 samples were selected randomly. Descriptive statistics and the Tobit censored regression model were utilized to analyze the data. SPSS version 20 and STATA 13 software were also employed. The average level of Niger seed commercialization in the area was 0.71%. Several determinants, including the amount of Niger seed output, market information, frequency of extension service, training access, age, and total livestock unit, influenced the level Niger seed. The regional government and district leaders should strengthen the provision of different training to raise the production, productivity, and level of Niger seed commercialization by enhancing the marketable surplus of Niger seeds.
Exploring the Relation between Farmer Group Membership and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Indonesian Rice Farming
Authors: Baga Lukman Mohammad , Utami Anisa Dwi , Wahyudi Ach Firman
Published: April 2023

Farmer groups have been critical in pursuing agricultural development, particularly in developing countries. Indonesia’s government has promoted the development of farmer groups in recent years, mainly in the rice sector, as a strategic agricultural commodity. This paper explored the relations between farmer group membership, farming practices, and productivity in the Indonesian rice sector. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and regression analysis were employed to examine the 2014 National Agricultural Survey data. The empirical findings confirmed the positive relations between farmer group membership and productivity in the Indonesian rice sector. Furthermore, farmers’ characteristics covering age, gender, education level, and farming practices, such as land status and access to irrigation, all played a role in determining the extent to which farmers participated in farmer groups.
Screening for cervical cancer (By VIA Test) among selected garments worker in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Shirin Fahmida , Chowdhury Fahmida Islam , Sultana Munawar , Chowdhury Sahnaz Jahan , Sultana Nahid , Karim Tanjila , Ara Sarwat , Ferdous Jannatul , Akter Shamima , Shiblee S. A. , Ahmed Mohsin
Published: April 2023

Background: Bangladesh is a densely populated country of South East Asia with low resource setting where cervical cancer is the 2nd leading cause of female cancer. In more than 80% cases are diagnosed at advanced and inoperable stage. Regarding socio demographic context of this country VIA has been introduced as a screening method for cervical cancer which is most simple, cost effective, and acceptable test for all women. In Bangladesh among 3 million garment workers more than 80% are women. The objective of this study was to identify prevalence of VIA positive cases among garment workers. So that it can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in Bangladesh.
Methods: It was a cross–sectional observational study conducted in some selected garment factories in Chattogram city of Bangladesh from January 2021 to July 2021, where we enrolled 534 female workers for VIA test.
Results: Among all the respondents 56% were 30 years or younger, 38% were aged between 31 to 40 years. Among 534 participants, 44.9% completed primary education, 37.3% were smoker and 34.5% had their children at early age. Majority (86.7%) had excessive whitish discharge. Post coital bleeding and irregular bleeding was 2.6% and 2.2% respectively. Considering awareness, 61.8% had idea about cervical cancer, only 1.1% had undergone VIA test in the past. In our study we found 2.4% of participants were VIA positive cases.
Conclusions: It is important to include the garment workers, while making public health policies and implementation of cervical cancer control program.
Obstetric outcome of antenatal mother with history of spontaneous abortion attending a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry
Authors: G. Vijayalakshmi , Nirmala Jaget , G. Sindhuja Sekar , R. Priyanka
Published: April 2023

Background: The pregnancy time is critical for both the mother’s and the baby’s health. The most common unfavourable pregnancy outcome is spontaneous abortion. Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a surprisingly common event, with roughly 15% of all clinically diagnosed pregnancies ending in pregnancy failure. Couples who suffer from frequent miscarriages may find it difficult to cope physically and emotionally. This study was planned to evaluate the association of preterm delivery, low birth weight, IUGR, recurrence of abortion, still birth, IUD, PROM, or any other adverse outcome in patients with history of previous spontaneous abortions. Objectives were to look for association between previous spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery, low birth weight, IUGR, recurrence of abortion, stillbirth, IUD, PROM and other complications in subsequent pregnancies.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study done with 150 samples. The information such as demographic data of the antenatal women, clinical history, past obstetrics history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations and outcome of present pregnancy were collected and evaluated.
Results: Maternal complications such as UTI (4.6%), Infection and fever (5.3%), PROM (2.7%), PPH (4%), hyperemesis 4%, PPROM 2.7% were observed. In study population, 60% of the foetus were in cephalic position, 19% in breech presentation and 21% in shoulder presentation.  29% of the women had preterm delivery, 34% were delivered by LSCS and 6% had spontaneous abortions. Low birth weight babies delivered in 25% cases. Foetal distress was observed in 15%, FGR in 9%, still birth in 3% and IUD in 1%.
Conclusions: Women with previous spontaneous abortion are associated with a higher incidence of preterm delivery, cesarean section rate, neonatal low birth weight, fetal distress and high possibility of infection. Therefore, patients with previous spontaneous miscarriage represent a high-risk population for obstetric complication and close surveillance during the antenatal period is required.
Risk of obstructive sleep apnea in pregnant females in different trimester
Authors: Devi Sheetal , Kashyap Neha
Published: April 2023

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder, is characterized by recurrent collapse or blockage of the pharynx during sleep that causes intermittent cessation of airflow and a hallmark snoring gasping pattern. When OSA occurs in pregnancy, it is independently associated with increased risk of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and possibly fetal growth restriction and other adverse neonatal outcomes. In particular, OSA affects sleep quality and duration of sleep in pregnant women. The aim was to study the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in pregnant females in different trimester.
Methods: The study consists of a non-experimental, quantitative and cross sectional research design. A total of 60 pregnant females were included in the study and conducted at maternity clinic.   
Results: By analyzing data we found that females in 3rd trimester shows symptoms of compromised breathing and thus are at high risk of developing OSA followed by 2nd trimester.
Conclusions: Our study shows that breathing limitation starts from 2nd trimester onwards, so, we conclude that starting breathing exercises early in antenatal period would be beneficial for the expecting mothers. The study concludes that there is high risk of obstructive sleep apnea in 3rd trimester of the pregnancy.
Evaluation of risk factors for intrapartum caesarean section in low risk multiparous women with prior vaginal deliveries
Authors: Vala Shradhdha M. , Purvi K.Patel
Published: April 2023

Background: In 2015, WHO proposed the use of the Robson classification as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing caesarean section rates both within and between healthcare facilities. Robson’s group 3 and 4 consist of multiparous women with term singleton pregnancies who have previously delivered vaginally and attempts to audit the caesarean sections in these 2 groups may be helpful to reduce primary caesarean sections in multiparous women.
Methods: The eligible subjects (belonging to Robson group 3 and 4) were recruited from the labor room of the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of SSG hospital, Baroda. Those who delivered by caesarean section during the study period were enrolled in the study as cases. Those who delivered vaginally immediately following the case formed the controls. Relevant demographic characteristics, parity, interval time between prior birth, history of macrosomic birth, cervical dilatation at the admission to the hospital, obstetric and neonatal outcomes were obtained and analyzed..
Results: On performing multivariate regression, age, birth weight of previous child, time since last delivery, cervical dilatation were found to be significant independent risk factors for LSCS after adjusting for confounding factors. The most common indication for caesarean section was fetal distress with meconium stained liquor.
Conclusions: In low risk multiparous women with previous vaginal delivery, Maternal age, birth weight of previous child, time since last delivery and cervical dilatation were significant independent risk factors of LSCS. Gestational age, parity, BMI and labor induction were not found to increase the risk of caesarean delivery.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancy: a prospective study
Authors: More Nandkishore , Tondge Ganesh , Dasila Priyank Singh , Ujede Ayyaj Mahemood
Published: April 2023

Background: Twin pregnancies are found to be associated with greater risks to the mother and the babies. The normal length of gestation for an average pregnancy is around 40 weeks however in multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, quadruplets, etc) it is usually shorter.
Methods: A prospective observational study of women with twin pregnancy was carried out in a tertiary care hospital, in Maharashtra, from October 2020 to October 2022 with the purpose to assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes. 100 women with twin pregnancies who were registered to the hospital were selected for the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: 64% of women with twin pregnancies were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most of them had pregnancy as a result of the spontaneous type of conception. It was found that the vaginally delivered twins (20%) were at gestational age above 37 weeks and 8% at less than 32 weeks. 38% of twins were delivered by LSCS (elective LSCS 6% and emergency LSCS 38%). The gestational age at the time of delivery was found as 35-37 weeks (Mean ±SD 36 ± 1.2). 46% of neonates were shifted to NICU. The incidence of low birth weight and respiratory distress was more in babies born at 37 weeks and below. It was also observed that the as gestational age increased the perinatal deaths decreased.
Conclusions: Regular follow-up of women with twin pregnancies is necessary for attainment of positive outcomes.
Effect of time interval from completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to starting of adjuvant chemotherapy after interval debulking surgery on survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Kumari Asha , Parekh Chetana , Patel Shilpa M. , Arora Ruchi , Tyagi Vishakha , Padival Ashika
Published: April 2023

Background: To find the effect of time interval between completion of neo adjuvant chemotherapy to the starting of adjuvant chemotherapy on the RFS and OS of patients with advanced ovarian cancers.
Methods: It is a retrospective study of 170 patients with histopathological proven epithelial ovarian cancers who received full treatment (NACT+IDS+POAC) at Gujarat cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad between 2010- 2016. They were assessed and followed up for maximum 5 year. The time interval was defined as period from the completion of NACT including Interval de-bulking surgery to initiation of chemotherapy.
Results: Out of 170 patients, 86 patients (50.5%) received adjuvant chemotherapy within 44 days after neoadjuvant chemotherapy while 84 patients (49.4%) received it after 44 days. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics between these two groups. The shorter and longer TI was having recurrence in 40 (53.48%) and47 (55.55%) patients respectively. Whereas overall survival was 67.44% and 47.61% respectively.
Conclusions: Our analysis showed that patients with longer time interval >44 days had poorer recurrence free survival and overall survival in comparison to lesser TI group.
Assessment of thyroid dysfunction in women with menstrual disorders in reproductive age group
Authors: Arya Madhuri , Mishra Sunita , Natu Neeta , Jatav Deepika
Published: April 2023

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in the world. Thyroid dysfunction can disrupt a variety of metabolic and physiological processes, including the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study was to discover a pattern of thyroid dysfunction in women with menstrual disorders.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional study that includes 116 women. With reproductive age menstrual disorder. Thyroid dysfunction was tested in women who had menstrual problems. Serum free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were used to assess thyroid function.
Results: The mean age of study patients was 25.7±6.8 years. The most common menstrual disorder was irregular cycle 72.5%, amenorrhea 21.9%, and menorrhagia 5.6%. The majority of the patients were between the ages of 15 and 24 (51.1%), followed by 25-34 (36.1%) and 35-45 (12.9%). The mean free T3 and T4 levels were 2.911.05 pg/ml and 1.420.57 ng/dl, respectively. TSH was 2.0 mIU/L on average (IQR, 1.0-4.0). Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 25.8% of the women (n=60). Subclinical hypothyroidism (14.2%, n=33) was the most common thyroid dysfunction, followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (6.9%, n=16), overt hyperthyroidism (3%, n=7), and overt hypothyroidism (1.7%, n=4).
Conclusions: The study reveals that women with menstrual disorders frequently have thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism. In order to rule out thyroid disorders as potential etiological agents for menstrual disturbances, it may therefore be advantageous to screen patients with menstrual disorders for thyroid function.
A study on thrombocytopenia in pregnancy and feto-maternal outcome conducted at tertiary care center Rajkot, Gujarat
Authors: Prajapati Shetal , Kumar P. S. Nandan
Published: April 2023

Background: Thrombocytopenia is second only to anemia as the most common hematological abnormality encountered in pregnancy. Better antenatal care has led to increased detection. Once diagnosed, it is Important to further evaluate and to determine the cause to optimize management. The objectives were to study feto-maternal outcome in patient of thrombocytopenia in terms of maternal and neonatal complications and to study the causes of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy.
Methods: The present study was a hospital-based study carried out from June 2021 to June 2022 at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, PDU medical college, Rajkot, Gujarat. During this period 100 patients in the third trimester of pregnancy with thrombocytopenia were selected randomly.
Results: In this study 41% cases were mild thrombocytopenia, 39% with moderate and 20% were severe cases. 50% cases were gestational thrombocytopenia, 31% were cases associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, 8% cases were associated with abruption, 13% cases were associated with IUFD, 2% cases were idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 8% cases were associated with viral (dengue) and bacterial (malaria) infection, 1% cases were associated with SLE, 1% cases was thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Maternal complications were encountered in form of DIC in 13% cases, jaundice in 7% of cases, 2% cases were complicated by PPH, 4% cases were complicated by acute kidney injury, 2% cases were associated with sickle cell crisis and 4% cases were maternal mortality. 12% were stillbirth and 5% cases had neonatal mortality.
Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy induced hypertension carries a risk for both the mother and her fetus. Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy if timely diagnosed do not cause any mortality, however management of these patients require a multidisciplinary approach and close collaboration between obstetrician, physician, and neonatologist.
Lipid accumulation product as a predictor of insulin resistance in Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome-a cross sectional study
Authors: Sethi Alisha
Published: April 2023

Background: Polycystic ovary disease is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age group with a prevalence of around 6-18%. Asian population with PCOS are at a higher risk for insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Early screening and detection of insulin resistance can prevent future metabolic co-morbidities. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a new emerging index can identify insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities among these women.
Methods: PCOS was diagnosed using Rotterdam criteria. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, insulin resistance (IR) and LAP were calculated. LAP was defined as [WC (cm) – 58] × TG (mmol/l). IR was defined using homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) and A cut off value >3.8 defined IR. LAP, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were compared using two-tailed spearman rank correlation test and analysing the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results: Among these women, the mean, IR and LAP were 3.56±2.17 and 39.58±24.82. 54% women had BMI>25 kg/m2. 43% PCOS women were insulin resistant (IR>3.8). Mean LAP values were significantly higher in cases than controls. 41% PCOS women had LAP value higher than cut off. (LAP>34.5). A strong positive and significant correlation was obtained between IR and LAP (rho=0.67, p<0.001) and was higher than the other parameters. Also, ROC curve analysis revealed, LAP had the maximum area under the curve (AUC).
Conclusions: LAP, an easily obtainable index, is an effective marker of insulin resistance and can be used to detect insulin resistance in PCOS as higher LAP values were observed in women with PCOS compared to controls.
Audit of pre-hysterectomy medical treatment
Authors: Chavda Nilesh , Tailor Shruti , Verma Ragini
Published: April 2023

Background: Variations in rates of hysterectomy have been observed and have been associated with women demographic characteristics such as race, socio-economic status, educational status and geographic location. However, with the advent of novel medical and conservative measures, there are doubts on justification of hysterectomy. Aims and objectives were to study prior treatment taken with respect to clinical profile in women undergoing hysterectomy in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: An observational study was conducted by collecting data from medical records of 72 consenting subjects undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynaecological reasons in a tertiary care centre over a period of 12 months after ethics approval.
Results: Out of 72 subjects, only 34 subjects (47.22%) had taken a prior medical treatment before undergoing hysterectomy. 100% of the subjects with endometriosis, chronic PID and DUB had taken some form of prior treatment whereas 27.5% of subjects with fibroid and 68.75% of subjects with adenomyosis had taken prior treatment.
Conclusions: Our study indicates that prior medical management is not being adequately discussed and trialled among women undergoing hysterectomy. Hence, improving the counselling and understanding the women’s perspective for resistance towards medical management is an important area for research in improving quality of health care.
Oral versus intravenous iron therapy among pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia: a comparative study
Authors: Tonge Ganesh , Dasila Priyank Singh , Pote Tejaswini
Published: April 2023

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is considered to be a serious health concern. Whilst oral supplementation is most prevalent, it is also possible to provide iron parentally to replace the deficit.
Methods: An observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital, in Maharashtra. Total 110 women with iron deficiency anaemia were randomly divided into two groups using computer generated random numbers. Group A received oral iron therapy and group B received intravenous sucrose therapy. The haemoglobin and serum ferritin were assessed before and after treatment.
Results: In the oral iron therapy group the age ranged between 19.3 to 27.1 years and in intravenous iron therapy group from 19.2 and 26.5 years. Baseline (0 day) haemoglobin in oral iron therapy group was 8.21±1.12 gm/dl and 8.36±1.14 gm/dl in intravenous iron group. The mean difference of 3.38 gm/dl was seen in the intravenous therapy group at 8th weeks against the mean difference of 1.63 gm/dl in oral iron therapy group. The mean difference of serum ferritin 18.92 µg/l was found in the oral iron therapy at the 8th week while the mean difference of 63.79 µg/l was seen in the intravenous therapy group.
Conclusions: The intravenous sucrose therapy is found to be safe and effective alternative treatment for iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy though the cost of treatment is significantly higher than the oral therapy.
The role of forceps in current obstetrics: a retrospective study
Authors: Agrawal Megha , Agrawal Anshul , Priyanka Gupta  , Ashish Goyal
Published: April 2023

Background: Forceps has been an integral part of the obstetrician’s armamentarium. Obstetric forceps was designed to assist extraction of the fetal head and thereby accomplish the delivery of the fetus. In this present day when there is universal concern regarding the alarming rise of cesarean section rates, a better understanding of this instrument will help the patient as well as the obstetrician.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study done over a two-year period. Cases were enrolled in the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All data compared in terms of age, parity, gestational age, indications, maternal and neonatal outcome.
Results: A total of 1150 antenatal cases were delivered out of which 42 cases were delivered by outlet forceps. Incidence of outlet forceps was 3.75%. Mean baby birth weight was 3.07 kg. No maternal mortality and morbidity recorded.
Conclusions: Obstetric forceps have a significant place in modern obstetrics as it is a lifesaving procedure for mother and fetus in many situations.
A prospective observational study of vitamin D3 level in reproductive age group women with uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Annesha Dutta  , Murari Mohan Koley  , Priti Gautam
Published: April 2023

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the commonest benign tumours of the uterus with the incidence between 5.4 to 77% in Indian women. Vitamin D deficiency is a proven risk factor in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroid in many studies conducted in different parts of the world but not many studies have been conducted on Indian women.
Methods: A total of 200 women of age group 18 to 45 years attending District Hospital, Howrah, West Bengal, were included in the study. Out of which, 100 had leiomyoma and rest healthy women without leiomyoma serves as controls. Routine ultrasound examination and serum hormone analysis of Vitamin D3 were done. Serum FSH, LH were done on day 2 of menstruation. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS Version 22 software.
Results: The mean serum concentration of vitamin D3 was significantly lower in women with uterine fibroids compared to controls (12.66±5.42 versus 25.91±14.18, p<0.003). On further analysis, 68.4% of cases were found to be severely deficient (vitamin D3 <9 ng/ml) as compared to 27.12% of controls (p<0.0002). Besides that, only 3.67% of cases had sufficient vitamin D level as compared to 22.16% of controls (p<0.0002). The odds ratio (OR) of occurrence of fibroid with serum vitamin D3 level of <12 ng/dl compared to that level >12 ng/dl was 5.38 (95% CI- 2.12-9.45) (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Serum vitamin D3 level inversely correlated with the burden of leiomyoma and possibly its deficiency is a causative factor for the occurrence of uterine fibroid in the reproductive age group women.
Evaluating association between thrombocytopenia and hypertension in pregnancy and its fetomaternal outcome
Authors: Alisha Gupta  , Vandana Dhama  , Shakun Singh  , Rachna Chaudhary
Published: April 2023

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is common complication of pregnancy with incidence 5-15% and associated with maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Platelet count is most simple, rapid and economical method of prediction of pregnancy induced hypertension. The aim and objective of study was to corelate with severity of thrombocytopenia and its association with fetal and maternal outcome.
Methods: This study was a case control study and was conducted in department of obsterics and gynecology, SVBP hospital attached to LLRM medical college, Meerut, from October 2020 To June 2022. Total number of 100 pregnant females out of which 50 pregnant females with hypertension as cases and 50 pregnant females without hypertension as control were included in study. Observations were tabulated, analysed and conclusions were drawn.
Results: Out of 50 cases 43 patients developed preeclampsia thus giving incidence of 43 % and out of which 21 patients had mild thrombocytopenia,13 moderate thrombocytopenia and 4 severe thrombocytopenia. The mean age amongst cases was 26.73±5.19SD and the mean age amongst control was 28.09±4.83. There was very high significant relationship between the degree of thrombocytopenia with severity of hypertension during pregnancy (at p <0.01). 24% fetuses had preterm birth, 8% had fetal growth restriction, 2% were IUD and 2% mortality. 2% of mothers had DIC,8% had post-partum hemorrhage, 6% had abruption ,4% had pulmonary edema and 6% mortality.
Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is most common and can be life threatening complication of pregnancy induced hypertension. Therefore, platelet count can be used as an early, easy, simple, most economical and rapid test to assess severity of preeclampsia and to prevent its progression to eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and DIC.
Study of histopathological findings of endometrial biopsy in women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Sanjita  , Ismat Khanam
Published: April 2023

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common problems presenting in OPD to the gynecologist regardless of the age of the women. The main aim was to study the frequency of different histopathological findings of endometrial sample in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Methods: This study was conducted on 82 patients from December 2021 to November 2022 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology. Patients with AUB due to gestational cause like missed abortion, incomplete abortion, retained products of conception and with uterine fibroid were excluded from study.
Results: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) presented mostly in the 41-50 years of age. The commonest histopathological pattern in abnormal uterine bleeding was normal physiological changes of menstrual cycles secretory phase (29%). Endometrial hyperplasia was the most common endometrial pathology observed in 11% patients.
Conclusions: Endometrial evaluation in abnormal uterine bleeding helps in early detection of pre-neoplastic conditions and malignancy to provide early treatment and avoid further complications.
Audit of peripartum hysterectomies at an Indian tertiary care centre: a 12-year review
Authors: Sandhya Gadre  , Chaudhary Gunjan
Published: April 2023

Peripartum hysterectomy is performed in critical conditions like major obstetric haemorrhage, abnormally-invasive placenta, rupture uterus. In developing countries incidence is 0.2–5/1000 deliveries. It can also be done as non-emergent surgeries for suspected cases by pre-planning. If high-risk patients are identified, timely intervention done, yields better outcome. Data of peripartum hysterectomy patients during last 12 years collected. Demographic details, menstrual-obstetric history, high-risk factors, previous and current delivery details, postpartum haemorrhage, indication, operative details of peripartum-hysterectomy, maternal-perinatal outcome, blood loss, anaesthesia records, length of ICU and hospital stay quantity of blood and products transfused analysed. 18 cases of peripartum hysterectomy with incidence of 2.76 per 1000 deliveries     noted. 14-emergency, 4-electively done.  In current pregnancy 13 had caesarean deliveries, 5 had vaginal deliveries, all required emergency hysterectomy. Majority were 26-30 years, 83% multiparous. 11 required emergency hysterectomy. 27.77% were due to atonic PPH and 22.22% placenta accreta spectrum. Mean anaesthesia duration, ICU stay, mean blood loss, units of blood and products was more in emergency group. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were favourable in elective group. Keeping high index of suspicion for accrete, identifying risk factors for atonic PPH, managing proactively, results in favourable maternal-perinatal outcome.
Tubal re-anastomoses through a mini-laparotomy incision
Authors: Ashok R. Anand  , Jain Aditi R. , C. Pushpa  , Adithi Jayaprakash
Published: April 2023

To assess the feasibility and reproducibility of tubal anastomosis through a mini-laparotomy incision. Study design is descriptive case study at Academic Medical Center. Sixteen patients with previous tubal sterilization requesting for tubal re-anastomosis. Systematization of the operative steps for tubal re-anastomosis using a mini-laparotomy incision. Primary outcome measures were feasibility and reproducibility; secondary measures were tubal patency, operative time, complications, and ergonomic qualities. The 31 tubes were successfully re-anastomosed and patency was confirmed. The mean surgical time was 15 minutes per tube. Tubal re-anastomosis after tubal sterilization can be performed through a mini-laparotomy incision. Systematization of the operative steps allowed the performance of the operation at speed. More extensive series and follow-ups are needed to assess post-operative pregnancy rates.
Postpartum subcapsular liver hematoma: a rare complication successfully managed with conservative treatment
Authors: Borges Ana Catarina , Almendra Rita , Nogueira-Silva Cristina , Correia Cátia
Published: April 2023

Subcapsular liver hematoma is a spontaneous bleeding between the Glisson's capsule and the liver parenchyma. It is a rare but serious complication of severe preeclampsia and/or HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme and low platelets) syndrome that can have devastating consequences, the worst being hepatic rupture with maternal death. A young nulliparous woman, at 34 weeks ‘gestation, was admitted for evaluation of new onset hypertension. The pregnancy was uneventful, yet at 32 weeks’ gestation a severe fetal growth restriction was diagnosed. She presented a high urine protein to creatinine ratio, then a pre-eclampsia without severity criteria was diagnosed. At day 3 of hospitalization, she presented with intense epigastric pain and vaginal blood loss, so an emergency c-section was performed with the suspicion of placental abruption. Eighteen hours postpartum she complained of intense diffuse abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder blade. Arterial hypotension and obtundation was observed. A computerized tomography was performed and revealed the presence of a bulky perihepatic hematoma measuring 12×9×21 cm. The patient went into hemorrhagic shock and so massive hemorrhage protocol was activated. After a multidisciplinary discussion a conservative management was decided. Clinical and analytical improvement was observed, and she was discharged home on postpartum day-27. The diagnosis of subcapsular liver hematoma is challenging, but it is essential to be done in a timely manner. Thus, a high index of suspicion, a prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are the key factors for a successful outcome.
Case of peritoneal tuberculosis in third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Patil Shaifali , Jhawar Soumya
Published: April 2023

Tuberculous peritonitis is one of the least common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous peritonitis in pregnancy is a diagnostic challenge, especially in the absence of lung involvement. We report a case of peritoneal tuberculosis in a 32-Year-old female, a G2A1 with 30 weeks’ gestation came with chief complaint of profuse clear discharge from the umbilicus. USG abdomen and pelvis was suggestive of 1 cm sized wide hypoechoic track in the umbilical region likely communicating with anterior uterine wall, while MRI Fistulogram was suggestive of Oedematous sinus tract in the cutaneous and subcutaneous plane of the periumbilical anterior abdominal wall with no obvious extension beyond the rectus sheath. Anti-tubercular treatment was started for the patient immediately upon diagnosis. The flow of clear discharge ceased within 2 days and the symptoms resolved in 2 weeks. This case is being presented for the rarity of its occurrence specifically in pregnancy.
Mullerian duct cyst mimicking cervical elongation
Authors: Navya S. Joy  , Adaline Thangam T. F.  , Dev Minnu , Rini Francis
Published: April 2023

Diagnosis of Mullerian duct cyst is determined by histopathological examination. Describe a case of a mass descending per vaginum in a 28-year-old lady that was originally misdiagnosed as an elongation of the cervix's anterior lip. Under anaesthesia, carried out surgical intervention that included complete excision of the mass via a vaginal route.  Pathology result confirmed a benign Mullerian cyst histologically bordered by a single layer of ciliated columnar epithelial cells.
Primary vaginal carcinoma in genital prolapses: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Hota Basanta M. , Munugala Sravani  , Movva Naimisha , Lokam Geetha
Published: April 2023

Primary vaginal cancer in a case of genital prolapse is a very rare malignancy. The usual age incidence is above 60 years. Likely risk factors and etiology are elderly age, smoking, low immunity, mechanical irritation and inflammation, and persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus. Clinical presentation varies with the stage of the disease. Usually confused with decubitus ulcer in advanced genital prolapse. Histopathology of the biopsy specimen confirms the diagnosis. Though clinically staged imaging is required for better management and prognosis. Management modality depends on the stage, type of malignancy, comorbidity, and patient’s decision. Stage, grade, type of cancer, comorbidity, and adequate management affect the prognosis. Here we present a case of primary vaginal carcinoma in a 71 year old lady with complete genital prolapse simulating decubitus ulcer. The diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology and she was treated with radiotherapy. She died in her home two months after her treatment. The aim of the presentation is (1) Statistical documentation for a rare case and (2) To create awareness of vaginal cancer in a clinically benign-looking decubitus ulcer in genital prolapse.
Chylous ascites following total laparoscopic hysterectomy done for benign pathology: a rare complication
Authors: K. S. Raja Rajeswari  , Vidhyantha Kiruba Hannah
Published: April 2023

Chylous ascites is an uncommon form of ascites, defined as the leakage of the lipid-rich lymph into the peritoneal cavity It is a common complication seen following surgeries done for gynecological malignancies. Chyle leak following benign surgery is an extremely rare entity. The presence of a milky appearing ascitic fluid with triglyceride content above 200 mg/dl is diagnostic of chylous ascites. High-protein and low-fat diet with MCT reduce the production and flow of chyle and seal the leak. We present a 53-year-old, para 2 living 2, lady with heavy menstrual bleeding and congestive dysmenorrhea for 3 years. She was diagnosed with AUB A and failed to respond to medical management. Her general physical examination was unremarkable and gynaecological examination revealed bulky uterus enlarged to 12 weeks’ gravid uterine size. She underwent TLH and BSO. On post-operative day 2, 280 ml milky white fluid was noted in the pelvic drain. Drain fluid triglyceride was noted to be 723 mg/dl. High protein and low fat diet with MCT was initiated. Over the following 3 days the drain output showed a gradual decline and on day 6 serous fluid was noted in the drain. She recovered well and was discharged on 8th post-operative day. Chylous ascites following hysterectomy has not been reported in literature. We report this case to emphasize the rarity of this complication following laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology and the successful management by conservative measures.
Vaginal birth after multiple caesarean section: a case report from India
Authors: Shamrao Ramji Wakode  , Sakshi Pramod Sharma
Published: April 2023

Lower segment caesarean sections increase the possibility of maternal morbidity. Hence, since last few decades, initiative for trial of labor after caesarean delivery is being encouraged in selected cases. Accordingly, a 23-year-old fifth gravida, who had a history of previous three lower segment caesarean sections and one vaginal birth approached for delivery service and plan for her vaginal delivery was made after thorough examination and evaluation.  A live female child of 3100 grams was delivered following episiotomy. In post-partum period, it was observed that uterus was involuted on abdominal examination and uterine contours were regular in ultrasonography. As the evidences for practice of vaginal delivery in women who underwent 2 or more previous LSCS are still fewer, this report intends to highlight the possibility of successful vaginal birth after multiple caesarean sections.
An update of electro surgery devices options in minimal invasive surgery: a review
Authors: Raj Aman Deep , Chhavi R. Baid  , Syeda Afreen Fatima
Published: April 2023

The rate and variety of advances in energy sealing technology in the last two decades has heralded new opportunities in laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery. Reduced operating times, lower postoperative pain scores, and shorter length of stay are offset by the additional cost of such instruments. Critical to obtaining optimal clinical effects and reducing potential complications, is a thorough understanding of the proper use of each energy modality. No single device has shown a significant superiority over the other. However best combination to have is harmonic along with ligasure or perhaps now the latest wireless sonicision with ligasure to undertake most of the surgeries. Thunderbeat has advantages like faster cutting speed and minimal instrument changes. Ferromagnetic wand is the fastest available instrument with unique features. Argon beam coagulation has certain specific uses and is best for fulguration and it is definitely advantageous to have it in OT. Sonicision offered wireless ergonomics and better manoeuvrability, cheapest VSD was the conventional bipolar.
Effectiveness of mHealth in improving medication adherence among hypertensive patients on follow-up in a tertiary hospital in central Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mutua Ernest , Agina Bonaventure O. , Mwanzo Isaac
Published: April 2023

Background: Non-adherence to medication is documented in the literature as a major barrier to blood pressure control among patients on treatment for hypertension. This study sought to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a mHealth intervention in supporting medication adherence among hypertensive patients on follow up.
Methods: We undertook a single blind parallel randomized controlled trial among hypertensive patients undergoing follow up care in Nyeri County Referral Hospital between January and December, 2020. The trial comprised of two arms, with a total of 120 patients randomized on a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the experimental group were put on an educational health intervention comprising of mobile phone delivered SMS messages and interactive voice calls. Patients in the control group were continued on the usual care offered in the hospital’s medical outpatient clinic. The primary endpoint was medication adherence. Data was analyzed through the intention to treat approach at 5% significance level.
Results: A total of 112 participants (93.3%) were retained in the study at the end of follow up. The proportion of patients who were adherent to their prescribed medications was higher by 38.3% among participants in the experimental arm compared to those in the control group (p<0.001). The odds of being adherent to medications was 6.1 times higher for patients who had received the study’s intervention compared to those in the control group (95% CI 2.6, 14.3).
Conclusions: The mHealth intervention applied in this study was effective in improving medication adherence among patients on treatment for hypertension.