bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Screening of Critical Related Genes in Celiac Disease Based on Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Investigation: A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Vafaee Reza , Ehsani-Ardakani Mohammad Javad , Aghamohammadi Nika , Keramatinia Aliasghar , Abdi Saeed , Moravvej Hamideh
Published: December 2023

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immunological intestinal disorder, which is characterized by response to gluten. In addition to the environmental factors and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, genetic susceptibility has an important role in the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disorder. Therefore, this study aims to present the crucial involved genes in CD pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: In this bioinformatics analysis study, significant differentially expressed genes of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) samples of celiac patients versus normal patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were screened via the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The critical nodes based on degree values, betweenness centrality, and fold changes were determined and enriched by ClueGO to find relative biological terms. Results: According to the network analysis, five central nodes including IL2, PIK3CA, PRDM10, AKT1, and SRC and eight significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined as the critical genes related to CD. Also, CD4+, CD25+, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation are identified as prominent biological terms in the celiac disease patients. Conclusion: There is a possible biomarker panel related to CD that can be used as a therapeutic or diagnostic tool to manage the disease.Â [GMJ.2019;8:e1407]
Mismeasured Covariate in the Long-Term Survival of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Azizmohammad Looha Mehdi , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Hosseini Seyyed Vahid , Khodakarim Soheila
Published: December 2023

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the effect of measurement error of risk factors on the cure fraction of CRC patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the medical records of 346 patients with CRC, who were followed up between 2006 and 2017 in Shiraz, Iran. In our data, lymph node ratio (LNR) was a characteristic measuring with error. This variable was used in the model with 0.04 and 0.8 of error variance. Nonmixture nonparametric cure rate model and its corrected forms, simulation-extrapolation (SIMEX) and corrected score (CS), were applied to the data. Results: In noncured cases, the mean survival time was 1115.45 (95% confidence interval, 1043.60-1187.30) days. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 0.93, 0.71, and 0.65, respectively. The proportion of cured patients was 65.2%. The SIMEX method did not change the effect of LNR substantially on cure fraction as compared with the naive method when the variance of measurement error was 0.04 and 0.80. The CS method changed the effect of LNR on cure fraction even when the variance of measurement error was 0.04. Conclusion: The best method to assess the effect of LNR on cure fraction was the naive method, and the CS method was not deemed to be a valid method to correct the measurement error in LNR. [GMJ.2019;8:e1413]Â Â 

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Chondrocytes Proliferation of Patients with Cartilage Lesions in Their Own Body for Use in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Hypotheses on aNew Approach for the Proliferation of Autologous Chondrocytes
Authors: Alizadeh Akram , Abpeikar Zahra , Soleimannejad Mostafa
Published: December 2023

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common chronic diseases, which have involved 250 million people around the world. One of the challenges in the field of cartilage tissue engineering is to provide an adequate source of chondrocytes to prevent changes in gene expression profile as a result of multiple passages.We hypothesized that by creating a low invasive lesion by scalpel or shear laser in the outer ear cartilage and stimulation of wound healing process, hyperplasia occurs and will provide an appropriate number of autologous chondrocytes for extraction and use in articular cartilage tissue engineering. Also, due to the effect of platelet-rich plasma and biomechanical forces in stimulating and accelerating of the repair process, these two factors can be used to achieve more desirable results.We describe a new approach to proliferate chondrocytes in the body. To evaluate this idea, various techniques of gene expression at the level of RNA or protein and animal experiments for histological studies can be used. Also, flowcytometry technique can be used to determine the cell viability and counting them.The use of autologous cell sources with minimal changes in gene expression profile can be promising in tissue engineering products. [GMJ.2019;8:e1483]
Serum Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Iranian Population: Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Survival Data in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) Cohort
Authors: Pahlavanzade Bagher , Zayeri Farid , Baghfalaki Taban , Hadaeg Farzad , Khalili Davood , Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Paul Edwin , Azizi Fereidoun , Abadi Alireza
Published: December 2023

Background: Lipid abnormalities are major risk factors of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). As well as, lipid markers are time-dependent covariates that change with aging. Previous cohort studies have only investigated baseline measurements of lipid markers on CVD mortality. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 4,148 individuals aged over 40 years. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in five phases. A joint model analysis was used to investigate the association between each longitudinal lipid markers and CVD mortality in men, women and pooled sample. All analysis was performed using the survival and joint modeling packages in R 3.3.3. Results: Totally, 233 CVD deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 12.4 years. For men, CVD mortality increased by 28% (confidence interval [CI]: 14%,44%) for a 10% increased in TC. For women, CVD mortality increased by 43% (CI: 22%, 68%) and 21% (CI:7%, 37%) for 10 % increase in TC and LDL-C and decreased by â€Œ18% (CI:7%, 27%) for a 10% increase in HDL-C. Conclusion: Association of lipid â€Žmarkers with CVD mortality is different in men and women, such that high levels of TC â€Žand â€ŽLDL-C and low levels of HDL-C are risk factors of CVD mortality in women, but only TC is a risk â€Žfactor of CVD mortality in men. [GMJ.2019;8:e1516]
Comparative Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Maps for Amastigote-like Proteomes of Iranian Leishmania Tropica and Leishmania major Isolates
Authors: Ashrafmansouri Marzieh , Sadjjadi Fatemeh Sadat , Seyyedtabaei Seyyedjavad , Haghighi Ali , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Ahmadi Nayebali
Published: December 2023

Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are the main causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Proteomics as a novel approaches could be used to evaluate protein expression levels in different stages of Leishmania species. We compare the protein contents of amastigote-like forms in L. tropica and L. major using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and bioinformatics methods. Materials and Methods: Leishmania parasites were isolated from the lesions of Iranian patients and identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Five isolates of each two species were cultured in specific media to obtain amastigote-like forms to be prepared for proteomics study. Total protein contents were separated using 2-DE. The gels were stained by silver nitrate and scan was imaged. The protein spots with different expression changes in each gel were analyzed using Progenesis SameSpots software. Results: A total of 354 protein spots were detected in both amastigote-like forms. Comparative analysis of protein spots with different expressions in the two amastigote-like form species showed 173 highly expressed spots of which 74 L. tropica and 99 L. major proteins were spotted with foldâ‰¥2. Also, 16 and 20 new protein spots were uniquely found in L. tropica and L. major, respectively. Clustering of different detected proteins using correlation analysis divided the proteins into two clusters based on their expression level. Furthermore, clustering results were confirmed by principal component analysis. Conclusion: Using proteomics methods specially 2-DE and statistical analysis demonstrated significant changes in protein expression levels in amastigote-like forms of L. tropica and L. major isolates.Â  [GMJ.2019;8:e1520]
Factors Affecting the Variation in Sexual Activity and Response before and During Pregnancy among Pregnant Women in Rasht City, Northern Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Shiva , Riazi Hedyeh , Alavi Majd Hamid , Alavi Majd Hamid , Ozgoli Giti
Published: December 2023

Background: Pregnancy is one of the most sensitive periods in a womanâ€™s life, which sexual activity and intercourse are affected by the variations in physical, hormonal, and mental conditions. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the variations in sexual response before and during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women at Rasht city (northern Iran), 2018. The data were collected using the pregnancy sexual response inventory (PSRI). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential tests by SPSS 25 at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The mean total score of sexual activity and response of the subjects before and during pregnancy were 73.04 Â± 14.81 and 46.88 Â± 16.51, respectively. The variations in the total score of sexual activity and response during pregnancy decreased by 26.16 points during pregnancy compared to before pregnancy. There was a positive correlation between the number of children and the score of the variations in sexual activity and response before and during pregnancy (r=0.143). Conclusion: Couples with a higher level of education and a lower number of children had fewer variations in their sexual response. Therefore, it is possible to enhance the couplesâ€™ sexual health through encouraging them to appropriately plan for childbearing, to share the responsibilities of taking care of their children, and to continue their education at higher levels. [GMJ.2019;8:e1531]
A Close Look at Echium amoenum Processing, Neuroactive Components, and Effects on NeuropsychiatricÂ Disorders
Authors: Araj-khodaei Mostafa , Nouri Mohammad , Farajdokht Fereshteh , Torbati Mohammadali , Ranjbar Kuchaksaray Fatemeh , Hamedyazdan Sanaz , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed
Published: December 2023

Pharmacological researches in the area of herbal medicine have considerably increased over the last two centuries. Echium amoenum (known as Gol-e-Gavzaban in Persian) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in Iranian folk medicine. In this review, databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up. Data collecting was completed by January 2019 and available scientific reports regarding the processing methods, main chemical constituents, and effects of E. amoenum on different neuropsychiatric disorders are summarized. Thirteen five studies met the inclusion criteria. According to results, the important phytochemicals of the plant was phenolic compounds, fatty acids, rosmarinic acid, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids. Also, experimental and clinical studies demonstrated the effectiveness of E. amoenum in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, ischemic stroke, seizure, Alzheimerâ€™s disease, and pain. Many of these effects are, at least in part, due to its rosmarinic acid or polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and natural pigments such as anthocyanins. Also, fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid play critical role in neuroactive properties of this herb. Among these effects, only the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the plant extract have been examined both experimentally and clinically. There was some controversy over its toxicity effects. It seems that E. amoenum protects neurons via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as blocking of apoptosis in the nervous system. However, more studies are necessary for assessing exact mechanisms of action in neuropsychiatric disorders, finding of bioactive ingredients, and processing methods of this plant.Â [GMJ.2019;8:e1559]
Challenges and Barriers Affecting the Quality of Triage in Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bijani Mostafa , Khaleghi Ali Asghar
Published: December 2023

Background: Correct and fast triage is the key to successful performance in emergency departments. Various factors can affect the quality of triage; therefore, the present study was conducted to identify and explore the existing challenges in triage units in emergency departments. Materials and Methods: The present study was a qualitative exploratory work conducted via the content analysis approach. Data were collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and focus group interviews. Accordingly, 22 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted in with 18 triage nurses and four emergency medicine specialists on a face-to-face basis. Results: The challenges related to triage nurses fall into two subcategories; lack of clinical competency and psychological capabilities. The challenges related to emergency management consist of challenges in human resources management, structural, and performance. Conclusion: The challenges existing in triage units are influenced by factors related to triage nurses and emergency management. Emergency administrators can improve the effectiveness and quality of triaging patients by empowering triage nurses and removing structural problems in triage units.[GMJ.2019;8:e1619]Â
Association of Baldness with Coronary Artery Disease and Its Severity
Authors: Arefi Reza , Pishgahi Mehdi , Joharimoghaddam Adel , Momeni Mohammad Ali , Khoshfetrat Mehran
Published: December 2023

Background: The pivotal role of baldness as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disorders remains a debate, and the small body of literature has generated inconsistent findings. We aimed to assess the association between baldness and the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity in a sample of Iranian men. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 105 consecutive patients suspected to CAD and scheduled for elective coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was determined according to the number of involved coronary vessels. For assessing the severity of baldness, the Hamilton-Norwood scale for grading of androgenetic alopecia in males was used. Results: The overall frequency of CAD in the groups with and without baldness was 88.9% and 72.5%, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P=0.033). Similarly, patients with the family history of baldness suffered more from CAD as compared to those without history (93.3% vs.76.0%). However, no significant association was found between the baldness and non-baldness groups with regard to the severity of CAD (P=0.291). According to the multivariable logistic regression model, the presence of baldness could predict the increased likelihood of CAD (or=3.037, P=0.046). Conclusion: Along with traditional risk factors for CAD, the presence of baldness and positive family history of this phenotype could be considered as the primary determinant for the increasing likelihood of CAD. [GMJ.2020;9:e1474]
Effects of Maternal Exposure to Lamotrigine during Pregnancy on Gonadal Toxicity in Fetus Rats
Authors: Aryan Hoda , Movassaghi Shabnam , Ghasemi Amir , Darabi Roksana
Published: December 2023

Background: Lamotrigine is one of the newest antiepileptic drugs that is used as one of the most common treatments in pregnancy. Since the investigation of the teratogenic effects of lamotrigine is very limited and there is no report of its teratogenic effects on fetal gonads, we aimed to investigate the teratogenic effects of lamotrigine on embryonic gonads. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on nine female Wistar female rats (8 weeks, weighing 180-200 mg). At first, the animals were inspected regularly by the preparation of vaginal smear and in the estrus phase in separate cages of mating, and after observing the vaginal plaque, were randomly divided into three groups (n=3). Control group did not receive any treatment.  In the lamotrigine group (20mg/kg), and the vehicle group (same volume of normal saline) were injected intraperitoneally from days 8 to 13 of pregnancy. On day 20, animals were anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), and embryos were extracted through laparotomy. First, fetuses were weighed, and their height (crown-rump length) was measured. Then the gonads of the fetuses were removed and, stained with H & E, and examined by optical microscope. Results: Our results showed that in the lamotrigine group, the number of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells in the male embryos and the number of oocytes in the female embryos decreased significantly compared to the control and vehicle groups (Pâ‰¤0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that treatment with 20 mg/kg lamotrigine in mothers during pregnancy could cause damage to fetal gonads. [GMJ.2020;9:e1557]
Fibrin Scaffold Incorporating Platelet Lysate Enhance Follicle Survival and Angiogenesis in Cryopreserved Preantral Follicle Transplantation
Authors: Talebi Ali , Rajabzadeh Alireza , Jahanpeyma Fatemeh , Moradi Faezeh , Eimani Hussein , Hamidieh Amir Ali
Published: December 2023

Background: Transplantation of cryopreserved follicles can be regarded as a promising strategy for preserving fertility in cancer patients under chemotherapy and radiotherapy by reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. The present study aimed to evaluate whether fibrin hydrogel supplemented with platelet lysate (PL) could be applied to enhance follicular survival, growth, and angiogenesis in cryopreserved preantral follicle grafts. Materials and Methods: Preantral follicles were extracted from 15 four-week-old NMRI mice, cryopreserved by cryotop method, and encapsulated in fibrin-platelet lysate for subsequent heterotopic (subcutaneous) auto-transplantation into the neck. Transplants were assessed in three groups including fresh follicles in fibrin-15%PL, cryopreserved follicles in fibrin-15%PL, and cryopreserved follicles in fibrin-0% PL. Two weeks after transplantation, histological, and immunohistochemistry (CD31) analysis were applied to evaluate follicle morphology, survival rate, and vascular formation, respectively. Results: Based on the results, fibrin-15% PL significantly increased neovascularization and survival rate (SR) both in cryopreserved (SR=66.96%) and fresh follicle (SR=90.8%) grafts, compared to PL-less fibrin cryopreserved transplants (SR=28.46%). The grafts supplemented with PL included a significantly higher percentage of preantral and antral follicles. Also, no significant difference was observed in the percentage of preantral follicles between cryopreserved and fresh grafts of fibrin-15% PL. However, a significantly lower (P=0.03) percentage of follicles (23.37%) increased to the antral stage in cryopreserved grafts of fibrin-15%PL, compared to fresh grafts (35.01%). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that fibrin-PL matrix could be a promising strategy to improve cryopreserved follicle transplantation and preserve fertility in cancer patients at the risk of ovarian failure. [GMJ.2020;9:e1558]
Comparison of Formulas for Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Calculation for Predicting the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Pezeshki Babak , Golrazeghi Mojtaba , Hojati Sayed Reza , Rostamian Fatemeh , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi , Farjam Mojtaba , Homayounfar Reza
Published: December 2023

Background: The correlation between serum cholesterol level and the risk of developing atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome has been well established in previous studies. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) measurement is conducted using different methods which are generally divided into two groups, namely direct and indirect. Using indirect methods or calculations such as the Friedewald or Iranian formula for measuring LDL, particularly in developing countries, is quite common. The present study has stepped in to compare the robustness of the extant formulas in prognosticating and determining the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the target population was the community of Fasa cohort study. According to the views of the statistical advisor, 9530 people were included in the study and clinical laboratory examinations were done for each person. Their serum LDL level was measured using the existing formulas. Then, the results of the serum LDL level that was computed with different formulas, were compared with both the status of metabolic syndrome and laboratory tests of individuals. Results: The Iranian formula has the highest area under curve, the sensitivity of 0.73, and specificity of 0.77, higher positive and negative predictive values among other formulas. In Friedewald formula, for example, sensitivity and specificity equal 0.28 and 0.80, respectively. After further analysis, two new models proposed for predicting metabolic syndrome. The results revealed that these two models even outperform the Iranian formula. Conclusion: The Iranian formula for plasma LDL calculation has higher precision and application for predicting and measuring the metabolic syndrome in the Iranian population due to its considerable features. It is required to develop a new formula for each population and even for each sex, if possible. [GMJ.2020;9:e1607]
Nutritional Status in Intensive Care Unit: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad , Hosseini Mostafa , Mohialdeen Fadhil Ahmed , Othman Haval , Hama-ghareeb Khalid Anwar , Norouzy Abdolreza
Published: December 2023

It is important to consider the nutritional status of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) since it is a key element in the ability to overcome and survive critical illnesses and clinical outcomes. The aim of the present study was to provide a meta-analysis and systematic overview in determining the nutritional status of patients in ICU by examining other studies. All studies published during 2015-2019 on nutritional status in ICU were retrieved from Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Finally, 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Results obtained from these studies showed that the nutritional status of patients in ICU was inappropriate (the pooled proportion of malnutrition was 0.51 in the type of study stratified), in which many patients in this unit had different degrees of malnutrition (moderate-mild malnourished and severe malnutrition is 0.46 and 20%, respectively). According to the results of this study, the nutritional status of patients in ICU was unsatisfactory; hence, it is necessary to consider the nutritional status along with other therapeutic measures at the beginning of the patientâ€™s admission.[GMJ.2020;9:e1678]
Mizaj as an Index in Persian Traditional Medicine Index Could Associate with Sensitivity to the Radiation
Authors: Ebrahimnejad Gorji Kourosh , Asghari Fatemeh , Mozaffarpour Seyyed Ali , Shabestani Monfared Ali , Zabihi Ebrahim , Abedian Zeinab , Shirafkan Hoda , Niksirat Fatemeh , Borzoueisileh Sajad
Published: December 2023

Background: The sensitivity to the radiation among human population depends on various parameters. This variation could lead to dissimilar outcome of radiotherapy in similar situations. Mizaj is a well-known term in Persian medicine that present an individualized medicine viewpoint. All of the people will be categorized in cold, moderate, and warm Mizaj. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between Mizaj and radiosensitivity by comet assay. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood sample of 30 healthy volunteers (10 cold, 11 moderate and nine warm Mizaj) were taken and divided into two identical parts. The first part was exposed to 4 Gy x-rays, and the second part was regarded as the sham control. Then, DNA damages of samples were evaluated by the neutral comet assay. Results: The results showed that the mean percentage of damaged cells, in all of the irradiated groups including A (warm), B (moderate) and C (cold) was significantly higher than the controls (P<0.001). Moreover, DNA damage rate in the irradiated warm Mizaj group was higher than both cold and moderate irradiated groups, but the difference between moderate and cold irradiated groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results are indicating that warm Mizaj persons could be more radiosensitive than other groups, which their importance in radiotherapy individualization should be evaluated in more extensive studies. [GMJ.2020;9:e1705]
Determining Core Components in Accreditation of Limited Surgery Facilities in Iran
Authors: Asgari Nader , Hessam Somayeh , Masoudi Asl Irvan , Vahdat Shaghayegh
Published: December 2023

Background: Limited surgery facilities, or day-care centers, have been expanding in recent years with the approach of reducing the number of patients referred to hospitals for treatment in relation to limited and ambulatory surgeries. This study was conducted to perform a comparative review of accreditation models for limited surgery facilities of selected countries and to obtain expert opinions in the field of policymaking and accreditation in Iran. Materials and Methods: This applied and qualitative study was carried out by a comparative method in 2019. The accreditation standards of limited surgery facilities in nine selected countries/states were assessed. Semi-structured interviews were then held with 25 Iranian experts in policymaking as well as accreditation authorities. Results: Evaluation of the core components of accreditation standards for limited surgery facilities in selected countries showed that the main concepts of care and treatment, human resource management, patient safety, drug management, patient education, health information management, quality improvement, service recipient rights, infection prevention and control, physical structure, management and leadership, and general facilities were among the key recurring concepts in all models. In the study of factors affecting the accreditation model of limited surgery facilities in Iran, 5 main topics and 43 subtopics were identified. Conclusion: Although the current assessment model of limited surgery facilities is an appropriate tool for evaluation, it still needs to be improved because of the uncertainty of evaluation model, training of accreditors and the content of standards. [GMJ.2020;9:e1729]
Association study of the beta-adrenergic receptor genetic variant Gly389Arg and fluoxetine response in major depression
Authors: Firouzabadi Negar , Asadpour Roja , Zomorrodian Kamiar
Published: December 2023

Background: Pharmacogenetics has proven role in the treatment of different illnesses. Patients with special genotypes may achieve a better response to a specific drug. On the other hand, genetic parameters markedly contribute to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). The significance of adrenergic system compartments in cognition and behavior, and their role in etiology of depression denote that adrenergic receptors beta gene polymorphism(s) might also have an association with drug response. Thus this study aims to evaluate the association between Î²1AR gene polymorphisms, G1165C, Arg389Gly and response to fluoxetine in MDD patients. Materials and Methods: Among different antidepressants, we focused on fluoxetine as it is prescribed frequently in MDD and belongs to one of the most efficient antidepressant categories with minimum side effects. MDD was diagnosed at study entry using DSM-IV criteria. One hundred and one new MDD patients were treated with fluoxetine for a period of 6 weeks. A 50% decrease in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was considered as response to treatment. Genotyping of G1165C polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP method. Results: Results of the study indicated no significant relationship between Î²1AR polymorphism and the patientâ€™s response to fluoxetine neither at genotypic nor allelic level (P=0.568). Conclusion: Our study did not support the hypothesis of involvement of Î²1AR Arg389Gly polymorphism and response to fluoxetine in MDD patients. [GMJ.2020;9:e1781]
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lateral Epicondylitis, Lonely or in Combination with Topical Corticosteroid; Which Approach is Superior?
Authors: Abasi Fatemeh , Vahdatpour Babak , Taheri Parisa
Published: December 2023

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Although varieties of modalities have been proposed for its treatment, the outcomes are uncertain, and the responses would diminish early by the time passage. The current study was aimed to assess the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) merely and in combination with topical corticosteroid for the treatment of LE. Materials and Methods: In the current double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 70 patients with the diagnosis of LE were randomly allocated to two intervention groups of ESWT merely (control group) (n=35) or ESWT plus topical corticosteroid (intervention group) (n=35). The ESWT was performed weekly for three weeks. Topical clobetasol was utilized within 30 minutes before ESWT for the intervention group, while Vaseline gel was used in a similar pattern for controls. Pain based on a visual analog scale (VAS), handgrip strength (HGS) and the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) were assessed for the patients before the intervention, following the intervention cessation, and within two months post-intervention. Results: Statistically significant improvement was found following both interventions in terms of pain, HGS, and function (P-value0.05). Conclusion: The findings of our study are in favor of ESWT use either merely or in combination with topical steroids for the treatment of LE, while the comparison of the two techniques revealed insignificant differences. [GMJ.2020;9:e1791]
Prediction of Mortality Incidence in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Influential Prognostic Factors with Competing Risks Approach
Authors: Saeedi Anahita , Baghestani Ahmadreza , Hashemi-Nazari Seyed-Saeed , Minoo Farzanehsadat , Mohseni Navid , Esfahani Zahra
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disease in which the kidneyâ€™s functionality declines gradually. The aim of this study was to identify significant laboratory prognostic factors on death due to CKD in a clinical complex. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study including 109 patients with the end-stage renal disease treated at Iran Helal pharmaceutical and the clinical complex was conducted between 2014-2018. The survival time was set as the time interval between starting dialysis until death due to CKD. Also, the transplantation was considered as competing risk, which was occurred for a few patients. A three-parameter Gompertz model was used that considers both the event of interest and the competing event simultaneously. Results: Death due to CKD occurred in 29 (26.6%) of the patients and 19(17.4%) with transplantation. Serum uric acid was a significant prognostic factor that decreased the hazard of mortality by 21%. Serum phosphorus and age by increasing the risk of death, were poor prognoses for the event of interest. Serum uric acid and phosphorus 6.9-9.9 (mg/dl) were associated with 72% and 4.05-fold increased hazard of transplant, respectively. The 4-year cumulative incidence of death and transplant was 48.4% and 29.2%, respectively. Conclusion: We have deduced that high serum phosphorus levels and increased levels of age were associated with worse outcomes. High serum uric acid level was related to better survival, which could be explained by having a better protein-rich diet alongside the high albumin level. [GMJ.2020;9:e1798]
Rivaroxaban Experience at Tertiary Care Centre in Saudi Arabia:A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Riazuddin Muhammad , Ahmed Mpharm Mohamed , Butt Muhammad Imran , Khan Shahid Masud , Abufarhaneh Muhammad , Emadi Omar , Alshammari Khalid , Alsudairy Haifa Fahad , Alkasab Muhammad , Sheikh Aamir , Alrashed Abdulaziz
Published: December 2023

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are as effective as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) with a propensity to cause less major bleeding. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban in routine clinical practice in a large tertiary referral center in Saudi Arabia. Methods and Materials: In this study, patients who received rivaroxaban at a tertiary referral hospital were included in this study. All adverse events were recorded, including major bleeding, non-major bleeding events, symptomatic thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) and all-cause death. Results: A total of 509 patients were prescribed rivaroxaban during the study period. The most common indication for rivaroxaban was non-valvular AF (65.3%) and VTE (34.7%). The mean age was 60.4 Â± 16.4 years, and 50.8% were female. The median CHA2DS2-Vasc score was 2.1 in patients on rivaroxaban for non-valvular AF. Bleeding occurred in 72 (14.1%) patients, of which 20 (3.9%) had major bleeds. Thrombosis events occurred in 13 (2.5%) patients in the overall cohort. Fourteen (2.7%) patients died during the study, including a case of fatal bleeding secondary to rivaroxaban. Conclusion: This study describes the use of rivaroxaban in a broad patient population in clinical practice in the Middle East. The overall bleeding and thrombosis rates in this study were comparable to those seen in major clinical trials.  [GMJ.2020;9:e1882] DOI:10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1882
Prognostic Impact of Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio in Clinical Outcome for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alizadeh Hadi , Pouya Parnia , Jadideslam Golamreza , Zarei Mohammad , Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud , Halimi Monireh , Pashazadeh Fariba , Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad , Azami-Aghdash Saber
Published: December 2023

Background: Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) is a surrogate marker of systemic inflammation which is shown to be related to the patientâ€™s survival in multiple malignancies. An important implication of this marker potentially is neoplasms in which there is no correlation between prognosis and histopathological staging and also has no reliable chemical markers associated with prognosis. Herein, this meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prognostic role of LMR in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: In the current systemic review and meta-analysis, we conducted a systemic search of databases and indexing sources, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and ProQuest up to May 2019 toinclude studies on the prognostic significance of LMR on patients with HCC. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) values were extracted from the studies and analyzed. The pooled hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval was explored to identify the prognostic value of the LMR in the survival of the patients with HCC. Results: A total of 12 studies with a total sample size of 3750 cases were included. There was significant heterogeneity among the studies; therefore, subgroup analysis was also performed. Overall analysis regarding OS showed an insignificant relationship between LMR and patientâ€™s prognosis, dividing to subgroups based on LMR cut-offs did not yield any significant result, subgroup analysis for RFS founded statistically significant results and LMR was significantly related to DFS. Conclusion: High LMR was associated with increased DFS and RFS, in return this association was not observed for OS. [GMJ.2020;9:e1948]
Burnout among Nurses during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Shiraz
Authors: Kamali Mahsa , Kalateh Sadati Ahmad , Khademi Mohammad Reza , Ghahramani Sulmaz , Zarei Leila , Ghaemi Seyede Zahra , Tabirazi Reza , Akbari Maryam , Shokrpour Nasrin , Mani Arash , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Lankarani Kamran B
Published: December 2023

Background: The function of healthcare workers, particularly nursing staff, in taking care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, cannot be overemphasized. As the pandemic lasts, burnout among the nursing staff needs to be considered as an important challenge. This was aimed to assess the nursesâ€™ burnout and factors affecting this variable. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Maslach Burnout Inventory was completed by 261 nurses in Shiraz hospitals (Iran) in April 2020. This questionnaire addresses different aspects, including emotional exhaustion, personal achievement, and depersonalization, to determine the intensity of perceived burnout among nurses during the outbreak. Results: Our data demonstrated that the nursesâ€™ burnout in Shiraz hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic was high (64.6%). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were observed in 63.6 and 53.3 percent of the participants, respectively. Moreover, the rate of successful personal achievement among these nurses was >97%. Work experience <10 years (P=0.016), hospital ward (P=0.044), the number of deaths observed by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001), and the total number of shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.006) had a positive correlation with emotional exhaustion. Conclusion: Workload and stress resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak seem to be one of the major causes of emotional exhaustion in nurses. The emotional exhaustion among nurses must be considered in epidemics, such as COVID-19. [GMJ.2020;9:e1956]
Health-Related Quality of Life in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Hakeem Ismael1 Niyan , Omer Rashid Aso
Published: December 2023

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome measure in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). HRQOL is assumed to improve with kidney transplantation and compared to hemodialysis. However, there is no evidence regarding HRQOL to support the optimal treatment choice for patients on hemodialysis who hesitate opting for transplantation. Therefore, this study aims to compare HRQOL between patients with ESRD and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed of 50 patients with ESRD under hemodialysis and 100 healthy participants as controls. HRQOL was assess using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data was analysis by using linear regression to compared HRQOL between groups, and adjusted for age, gender, dialysis duration. Results: Most of the patients were males (62%) and aged 21 to 60 years old (82%). The patients and healthy subjects were significantly different in terms of the presence of chronic diseases (P<0.05). ESRD patients had a significantly lower level of satisfaction with health and function, family and friends, and social and psychological functions. The patientsâ€™ quality of life was not significantly affected by their demographic characteristics, including age, gender, educational level, marital status, and financial status. However, there was a significant association between chronic disease and HRQOL among ESRD (P=0.0001). Conclusion: ESRD has a remarkably negative effect on the patientsâ€™ quality of life and satisfaction with important domains of life. HRQOL among patients with end-stage renal disease can be affected by the associated chronic diseases. [GMJ.2020;9:e1987] DOI:10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1987
The Short-Term Effects of Pistacia Lentiscus Oil and Sesame Oil on Liver and Kidney Pathology of Rats and Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Khazraei Hajar , Ostovan Maryam , Anbardar Mohammad Hossein , Fazljou Seyyed Mohammad bagher , Khodabandeh Zahra , Shamsdin Seyedeh Azra , Araj Khodaei Mostafa , Torbati Mohammadali
Published: December 2023

Background: Vegetable oils recently have been evaluated in many tissues. Pistacia lentiscus (mastic) of the Anacardiaceae family and Sesamum indicum (sesame) of the Pedaliaceae family are conventionally used in the management of gastrointestinal, lung, and skin illnesses. This assay attempts to determine if the oral usage of mastic and sesame oils has any short-term toxic effects in vivo on the rat and evaluate the human anticancer effect in vitro.  Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dewley rats were assigned to three groups randomly: (A) control, (B) mastic oil (400 mg/kg), and (C) sesame oil (2cc/kg). The effects of these oils were investigated by determining histopathological and stereological parameters after six days, and the anticancer effects were evaluated on SW48, HepG2 human cell lines. Results: A mild chronic interstitial inflammation was seen in just one kidney of mastic oil group (B) and the other oneswere normal. In the sesame oil group (C), mild chronic interstitial inflammation was seen in six kidneys. In the liver samples of both groups, there were no specific pathological findings. Different concentrations of mastic oil (0.1%-5%) reduced the cell viability of SW48, HepG2, HEK293t, and human fat cells. Conclusion: Mastic and sesame oils have some side-effects on the kidney and might not be safe at high doses in rats. Sesame oil did not have any toxic effect on HepG2 and HEK293t human cancer cells. Mastic oil treatment has inhibited specific SW48 cells, so this oil seems to be a good adjuvant to chemotherapy in colon treatments.[GMJ.2020;9:e2001]
Sweating as a Preventive Care and Treatment Strategy in Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Mahlouji Mahboubeh , Alizadeh Vaghasloo Mahdi , Dadmehr Majid , Rezaeizadeh Hossein , Nazem Esmaeil , Tajadini Haleh
Published: December 2023

Proper and regular sweating plays a significant thermoregulatory role. It is a common perception that, sweating has other important homeostatic functions such as clearance of excessive micronutrients, waste products of metabolic processes, and toxins from the body, which helps to maintain human good health. In addition, sweating, thermotherapy, and sauna are commonly used to treat various diseases such as cardiovascular, respiratory and joint diseases. In traditional Persian medicine (PM) textbooks, sweating is considered a preventive care and treatment strategy as well. In this study, we aim to explain the beneficial effects of sweating in human health and its role in the management of various diseases, as well as introducing the therapeutic applications of some diaphoretic plants from the viewpoint of PM. We reviewed the most famous PM textbooks such as Kamil al-Sinaa al-Tibbiya, Al-QÄnÅ«n fÄ« al-Tibb, Zakhireye Kharazmshahi, Kholasat al-Hikmat, Exir-e-Azam, and Hifzos-sihhat-e Naseri. Also, current evidence was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and other relevant databases related to the topic. The results of this study revealed that PM scientists believed proper sweating removes waste products and maintains the bodyâ€™s health, thus, any disturbances in the excretion of these waste products can cause diseases. They recommended the induction of sweating through hot and dry baths, sun bath, sand bath and also the use of diaphoretic herbs for the management of various diseases. Therefore, further researches are recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of these diaphoretic plants. [GMJ.2020;9:e2003]
ГЕНЕЗИС СОЦІОПРИРОДНИЧОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ АКАДЕМІЧНИХ ШКІЛ ЛЬВОВА І ДУБЛЯН
Authors: Чернобай Ю.
Published: December 2023

Кожен регіон, як частина біосфери, існує за принципом мережі оселищ. Він здатний витримати структурно-функціональні перебудови своїх компонентів завдяки поведінковим механізмам у соціальних елементах геосистем. Виразною моделлю такої відпорності досить часто був ґрунтовий компонент ландшафтів Львівсько-Дублянської соціоприродничої агломерації. Іншим прикладом можуть бути усталені лучні екосистеми в межах лісового та субальпійського поясів Карпат, котрі є наслідком коеволюції за умов традиційного землекористування. Парадигма соціоприродничої еволюції (коеволюції) дає змогу оперувати поняттями еволюційного процесу стосовно гетерогенних соціобіотичних систем. У Карпатському регіоні зміни соціоприродничої спадщини інтегрували різні зміни геосистем та ґрунтового покриву в їхньому складі. Моделями такої коеволюційної інтеграції є різні комплекси – від корінних ґрунтово-детритних до похідних демутаційних утворень. Ґрунтовий покрив містить свідчення про біхевіоральні зміни у землеробстві різних історичних періодів. Тому критерії поведінкової екології стають нормативним елементом у пізнанні коеволюційних змін. Мнемонічно-інформаційні інституції (кафедри, резервати, музеї, об’єкти спадщини) при цьому є універсальними осередками аналізу та прогнозу подальшого коеволюційного розвитку стосунків людини і природи. Динамічний стан оселищ віддзеркалює перебіг антропогенних процесів і, зрештою, соціальної свідомості та поведінки людей. Метаморфози соціальної поведінки завжди є наслідками змін у природокористуванні. На межі ХІХ–ХХст. інтенсифікація землеробства та розвиток лісової справи були найбільш виразними коеволюційними проявами. Суттєві зміни у землекористування відбулися в часи, коли війна, революція, голод, епідемії чинили інтегральний вплив на інтелект та поведінку спільноти.
Вплив забруднення ґрунтів свинцем на фізико-хімічні властивості чорнозему вилуженого лісо-лучного в умовах Західного Лісостепу України
Authors: Качмар Н. , Дацко T. , Іванків M. , Дидів A.
Published: December 2023

Забруднення важкими металами викликає серйозне занепокоєння через їх токсичністьі загрозу життю людини та навколишньому середовищу. Досліджували забруднений свинцемчорнозем лісо-лучний вилужений. Зразки ґрунту відбирали із глибини 0-60см на дослідномуполі Львівського національного університету природокористування. Плюмбум(Pb(CH3COO)2) був внесений у верхній шар ґрунту у вигляді водно-сольових розчинів урізних дозах: 0; 32; 160; 320 мг/кг ґрунту. Основні хімічні та фізичні властивості, такі якреакція ґрунту, вміст органічного вуглецю, гранулометричний склад, загальна площаповерхні, пористість, гідролітична кислотність зразків, були проаналізовані за допомогоюстандартних лабораторних методів. Досліджено також вміст розчинних форм свинцю.Реакція ґрунту коливалася від 6,8 до 7,5 в 1М KCl і 7,3–8,1 в H2O, тоді як вміст органічноговуглецю був у межах від 0,66 до 1,56%. Для досліджуваних зразків вміст фракції піскузмінювався від 8 до 25%; фракції мулу – від 48 до 65%, і фракції колоїдної глини – від 20 до35%. Об’єм пор забруднених зразків ґрунту становив від 370мм 3 г-1до 420мм 3 г-1. Загальнаплоща поверхні ґрунтових зразків змінювалася в межах від 26,8 м 2 г-1до 37,7м 2 г-1.Найвищий вміст рухомих форм свинцю виявився у верхніх шарах ґрунту. Вмістзабруднювача був на одному рівні з контрольними зразками на глибині 30 см за умовинизького рівня забруднення. Вміст свинцю за високого рівня забруднення на найбільшійглибині ґрунту був значно вищим, ніж у контрольному варіанті. Особливості поведінкисвинцю в ґрунті та вплив досліджуваного полютанта на основні характеристики чорноземувилуженого можна пов'язати з хімічними властивостями цього металу та властивостями,притаманними досліджуваному ґрунту. Швидкість міграції рухомих форм свинцю у ґрунтіможе бути свідченням і показником його самоочищення.