bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
bell hooks, feminismo negro, educação e interseccionalidades
Authors: Alencar Claudiana Nogueira de , Maria Gadelha de Carvalho Sandra , Lusmaia Alves Mangeth Francisca
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho apresenta a contribuição do pensamento de bell hooks para uma análise social crítica da sociedade capitalista, que articule questões de gênero, às questões de raça e classe, para responder sobre quais as interligações estabelecidas entre essas dimensões e os caminhos para a superação de múltiplas opressões. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativo-interpretativa, mapeou palavras sementes interseccionadas no combate ao sexismo, ao racismo e ao capitalismo, constituindo sua práxis transformadora
Arte indígena:
Authors: Karão Jaguaribaras Merremii , Carlos dos Santos Lopes Rhuan
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa as expressões artísticas do povo Karão Jaguaribaras, através das Taowás (grafismos e pinturas), cuja essência é a conexão entre mundos. A metodologia envolveu consulta a acervos digitais e impressos, textos científicos e jornalísticos sobre as etnias e os movimentos indígena: interlocução com artistas, registro de narrativas orais, participação em exposições, debates, oficinas. Este conjunto de dados, enriquecido pela vivência artística, fortalece a pesquisa sobre à arte indígena.
Sentipensar-se negra:
Authors: Pinheiro Barbosa Lia
Published: February 2025

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as contribuições de Victoria Santa Cruz para a teoria social latino-americana e caribenha, sobretudo na abordagem da questão racial, do racismo e dos caminhos da luta antirracista a partir da estética e da arte. Por meio de uma estética negra, a poetisa denúncia o racismo, ao tempo que desvela as bases ontoepistêmicas de reconhecimento das existências negras desde uma perspectiva antirracista e de descolonização.
முதலெழுத்துகள் முதலெழுத்துக் குறியீடுகள் மூலம் தமிழ் எழுத்துகளைக் கற்பித்தல்: ஓர் ஆய்வு
Authors: Rama Mannosh
Published: February 2025

Teaching Tamil letters is the primary teaching method and plan for learning the Tamil Language, as stated in the Malaysian Primary School Tamil Language Curriculum plan. In teaching Tamil letters to first-year students, educators face challenges in countering the difficulties encountered by students in learning Tamil Letters due to the complexities of Tamil grammar. The process of letter introduction as planned in the first-year Tamil textbook and 247 letters in Tamil are the sources of confusion for students and teachers when efficiently learning and teaching Tamil Letters, respectively. Since the Education Ministry of Malaysia introduced the 21st Century Teaching methods, teachers have been urged by the ministry to implement this teaching method in their classrooms. The student-centred learning method is one of the teaching methods of the 21st century. The experts stated that Tamil Language teachers teach letters by approaching the teacher-centred form to their students, where they lead by using the ‘Tamil Nedungakanaku” table, letter memorising method, teaching according to the textbook and teaching through songs. Hence, educators strive to overcome challenges in teaching Tamil letters by incorporating a student-centred learning approach, and they have problems teaching Tamil letters orderly to their students, as found in this study. Due to that, this study explains teaching Tamil Letters through Primary letters and their symbols based on Tolkāppiyam”s Theory of Orthography. Tolkāppiyam has stated that the combination (puṇarcci) between 30 primary letters, also known as the combination between 12 Uyireḻuttu (Vowels) and 18 Meyyeḻuttu (Consonants), will bring out 216 Uyirmey letters with their respective symbols. So, to evaluate this teaching method, this study chose ten first-year Tamil primary school students from Perak state as samples. The samples for this study were selected by using the convenience sampling method. Letter cards and the ‘Tamil Nedungakanaku” table have been used as research tools. This study approached quantitative and qualitative research methods.
Bibliography in the Intellectual World
Authors: Velmurugan C
Published: February 2025

Library is no exception in today's intellectual world where anything can be accessed instantly, hence all books are becoming computerized. Library bibliographies play an important role in social progress and research because the library's fifth rule of timeliness states that the right information should reach the right reader at the right time. This article describes the bibliography that enables various functions in libraries around the world.
Development of the Veena
Authors: Swaminathan S , Srividya A
Published: February 2025

In the 64 Ayakalas, music is regarded as one of the fine arts. It has the power to harmonize. Music has caste and religion. There is no racial discrimination. It has the power to unite people of all religions. Music has been integral to human life since the beginning of the world. That is, man travels as a lullaby at birth and with the way of life, child songs, ritual songs, business songs, love songs, philosophical songs, devotional songs and finally lamentations. Musical instruments have been instrumental in the development of this distinct musical art. There are innumerable instruments in South Indian music. These instruments are classified as nerve instruments, leather instruments, wind instruments and metal instruments. All these instruments have evolved over time in terms of their shape and readability. One of the stringed instruments, the Veena, which has a divine significance, has also undergone many stages of development even today. This article is presented under the heading “Development of the Veena”.
Efforts to Preserve Arabic Tamil: A Study Focusing on Selected Regions in the Southern and Western Provinces of Sri Lanka
Authors: Aathif ACM , Mubarak MJR , Jefroon MJM , Mazahir SMM
Published: February 2025

Arabic Tamil is a language that reflects the antiquity of the Tamil-speaking Muslims of Sri Lanka and South India. However, the language is now on the verge of extinction. Therefore, this study has been carried out using primary and quantitative data at qualitative and quantitative levels with the primary objective of finding out what efforts are being made in selected villages in the Western and Southern Provinces to preserve and preserve the language. Arabic Tamil is taught in Arabic Colleges and Quran Madrasas while examinations are not conducted in Arabic Tamil in Arabic Colleges, the deed of Bai’ah is issued in Arabic Tamil in writing, ‘Risalas’ are drawn in Arabic Tamil. The findings of this study are that Arabic Tamil is still alive due to the efforts of the public to exhibit them in mosques for public viewing, both of them are read in mosques when the public gathers, and the publication of old Arabic Tamil literature in modernized typescripts. This study will also help in further research on Arabic Tamil to understand the importance of Arabic Tamil and to identify measures to protect it.
Tamils in Southeast Asian Countries and Their Cultural Elements
Authors: Vijayakumar B
Published: February 2025

Sangam literature and archeological studies today suggest that the ancient Tamils had trade relations with the western countries like Greece and Latin countries. Similarly, they had maritime communication with East Asian countries. This contact and cultural spread was easy because South East Asian countries are located directly east of Tamil Nadu. The continuous tradition of maritime and seafaring activity has resulted in the spread of the Tamil people over a number of scattered regions. Wherever they have gone they have carried with them their love of language and their social and cultural activities and the continuing attachment to these traditions has kept alive the emotional loyalty to Tamil Nadu from which they originated and made them feel part of an international community linked by the bonds of Tamil culture. This article briefly explains the migration of Tamils in South Eastern countries and the impact of Tamils in those countries.
Remains of Megalithic Culture: Based on Tamil University Museum Evidence
Authors: Raja A
Published: February 2025

Archaeologists have defined this period as the Megalithic Age and as they knew the use of iron as the Iron Age because these people built their tombs using large slabs of stone in the Megalithic culture. Megalithic is derived from the Greek word “Mega” means big and “lithic” means stone. Megalithic symbols found in Tamil Nadu are found in different types according to the nature of geography of the respective region. Such cultural symbols have been found in many parts of Tamil Nadu.This article explains about the artifacts that have been discovered, about the Megalithic cultural remains found in the excavations carried out by the Tamil University at Kodumanal, the Graffiti, writing systems, biographical pottery used by the people of that time, the Megalithic cultural artefacts in the Tamil University Museum and its ancient history and biology.
Personality Thoughts in Thirukkural
Authors: Singaravelan B
Published: February 2025

Madurai Thirukkural Manimozhiyan, who praises Thiruvalluvar as “Thamizhan Thirukulam Thamizh Thaai Thiruvazhil Thamizh Thiruvalluvanar – Kiliye Thamizh Piranthaaraadi” – says Madurai Thirukkural Manimozhiyan. Bharathiar, the great poet of the twentieth century, endorses this. As Prof. Thaninayagadigal puts it, “Valluvar has written his book in a manner that is suitable for the benefit of all the world and all people, without any reference to Tamil or Tamil country. The poet who lived centuries ago did not give place to narrow thoughts like caste, religion, race, language, color etc. Valluvam is celebrated as Ulagapodumarai. Let us see the personality thoughts in this book.
Kalinga Maacon – Review
Authors: Shivahaneshan S.K
Published: February 2025

Among the Sri Lankan Tamils, many books on the history of the region have emerged. Texts such as Yalpana Vaipavamalai, Kailaya Malai, Konesar kalvettu, Mattakkalappu Manmiyam, Mattkalappu poorva sarithiram can be cited. Among these books on regional history, the Mattkalappu poorva sarithiram has many specialties. By whom and when this book was written is not shown in the book. But there are references to Hollander and Kandy kings here and there in the text. With this information, the book may have been written by more than one person during the Dutch period. The Dutch who ruled the coastal areas of Sri Lanka wanted to follow national customs in activities such as tax revenue, administration of justice, administrative positions and general administration of the coast. Through this they hoped to establish smooth administrative relations with the Swadeshi. Because of that, the Yalpana Vaipavamalai was written at the request of the Dutch officials who ruled in northern Sri Lanka at that time. Similarly, the Mattkalappu poorva sarithiram was written at the request of the Eastern authorities. In order to know the culture, customs and traditions of the North East Tamils, it was during the Dutch period that the compilations of the National Customary Law and the Mukkuvar Law were compiled. The Mattakalappu porva sarithiram compiled in this way has many merits. The book is written as containing many legends related to the history of Sri Lankan Tamils. The aborigines presents many historical information such as the original inhabitants called Yaksha, Nagas, the kings of Anuradhapuram and Polanaruva during the early period, important historical events that took place during their time, and the rulers of Eastern Sri Lanka. King Maacon is shown as the epic hero of this book. In the 13th century, he came from Kalinga country with armies and conquered the kingdom of Polanuruva and ruled for more than 70 years. The king had close connections with Eastern Sri Lanka. No direct archaeological evidence is available to confirm the information presented in the book. Therefore, using that book as a source, the researchers have presented ideas about Maacon. However, the inscription found at Trincomalee - Gomarasankatavala has re-read and confirmed the information about Maacon. The research has focused on the views thus presented.
Pathinenkeezhkanakku Books Reference Musical Instruments
Authors: Madhavan Praveena
Published: February 2025

References to musical instruments are available in very small quantities in the Pathinen Keezhkanakku texts. There are references to both banyan and percussion music. I don’t know much about the instruments, but we can get a brief picture of them. Here we will examine the instruments mentioned in the poems of the Pathinen Keezhkanakku.
Comparative Study of Tamilnadu Thappattam and Eastern Sri Lanka’s Parai Mela Koothu
Authors: Thakshayini Paramadevan
Published: February 2025

The eastern region of nature is a vast expanse of land. At present it consists of only three districts namely Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Ampara.The people are still identified as a significant ancestral community. The people are still identified as a significant ancestral community. The early 5th century A.D. or early 6th century A.D. marks their early history here.In the settlement of South Indian communities established twice when Kalinga princess Ulaganachi was a vassal queen of Manmunai in Batticaloa; The Paraiyar clan is one of the seventeen categories of professional society. These communities were included in the Batticaloa area which was merged into the Tholumbar division in the Jaffna area.“Valruvam thotti notti vanchana kshatriya Don’t be sorry to be happy Purantakulam mixed with life will decreaseThullavar Kalinga Magon Duke has also regretted.”These people gave the name Valruvam. During this time, the leader of the Paraiyar community known as Moopanar performed in front of the Maha Sabha and received their kanji mutti and received their family title Rajaparai from the President of the Maha Sabha. This koothu is performed during the festivals of Sakthi temple in Kannagikovil.Similarly in Thanjavur, Dindigul and Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu, Thappattam is played in large numbers. Thappu is the dance of adavus by holding a long stick with the left hand and a small stick with the right hand and playing the adavus by beating cymbals. Though Tamilagatha Pattam is generally known as the dance art of the Paraiyar people, Arunnathi artistes can also be seen dancing in some places. Therefore, this study is based on history, culture and game patterns.
Marginal View of Vakaraivedar Community: An Anthropological Study
Authors: Moses Bhagirathi , Srikanthan S
Published: February 2025

Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka is a region of different ethnic groups. Among them, the hunter community is considered to be the primitive tribe. The community lives in groups in some parts of Batticaloa. There are 764 hunter families in 12 villages of Mankerni, Kayankerni, Panichchankerni, Madurangenikkulam, Kirimichai, Uriyankattu, Kathiraveli, Katumurivu, Amanthanaveli, Palchenai, Kandaladi and Punanai with 2757 Veddar families. Tamil people live here predominantly. The hunter community lives in isolation and mingle with them. In the social hierarchy, the hunters are seen as the downtrodden, the oppressed or the marginalized. In this region, the Veddar community continues to be seen as a group of people who dominate or dominate the political, economic, religious and educational fronts or the rest as the upper class. Due to this continuous trend, the community has to face many adverse implications. As a result, their future is at stake. In such a situation, this study is an anthropological study of the impact of the ancient community of the Veddar community being seen as a marginalized people.
Problems And Solutions in Translating Tamil Literature into Assamese Language
Authors: Vijayakumar B
Published: February 2025

The Indian nation is experiencing a renaissance in its art, science, and cultural spheres, with its contributions gaining increasing recognition on the global stage. A critical component of this cultural resurgence is the translation of our rich and diverse cultural and intellectual heritage into various languages, facilitating broader appreciation and understanding. India has a long-standing tradition of excellence in translation, reflecting its multilingual heritage and diverse literary traditions. However, this process is not without its challenges. This article delves into the specific difficulties encountered in translating Tamil literature into Assamese. By examining linguistic, cultural, and contextual obstacles, the article aims to highlight the complexities involved in this cross-linguistic endeavour. Additionally, it proposes strategies and methodologies to effectively address these challenges, ensuring that the essence and nuances of Tamil literature are faithfully preserved and conveyed to Assamese readers. Through this exploration, the article seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on translation studies and enhance the appreciation of India’s rich literary tapestry across different linguistic communities.
The Tholkappiyam Simile Elements in Kambaramayanam
Authors: Ahtma Lingam Sharan Suklam , Manonmani Devi MAR
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on identifying the types of similes used in the epic Kambaramayanam. The research is based on the principles of similes defined in the Porulathikaaram section of the ancient grammar work, Tholkappiyam. With the aid of these principles, the verses of Kambaramayanam were analyzed. The research was conducted entirely using a qualitative approach. Necessary data were collected through library research methods, and the obtained data were analyzed to derive the results. The study found that all four basic types of similes defined by Tholkappiyar namely verb-based simile (Vinai Uvamai), usefulness-based simile (Payan Uvamai), structure-based simile (Mei Uvamai), and image-based simile (Uruvuvamai) were present in Kambaramayanam. Two examples for each type of simile were discussed as part of the research findings. The verses of Kambaramayanam were composed by Kambar following the rules of simile as per Tholkappiyam. Since there are some intricate rules within the simile section, these were also illustrated with evidence in this study. Furthermore, it was concluded that understanding the underlying meaning of a simile, rather than just its apparent meaning, is the correct approach to identifying types of similes.
Social Thoughts in the Poems of Anton Benny
Authors: Bala Murugan N , Rajkumar T
Published: February 2025

Everything around humans is called society. There are many modes of human life in society. Some have decided to live like this, some can live anyway, and some have decided to live anyway. The lifestyles of the village people are also closely related to the society. The poet expresses the social thoughts in the lifestyles of such village people. The purpose of this research paper is to know the social thinking of such village people through the poems of Anton Beni.
Influence of Sangam Literature on Cilappathikaaram
Authors: Boopalan A
Published: February 2025

The Sangam literature, known as the Eightfold and the tenfold, portrays love and bravery as two major components of life. Although the meaning and form of Sangam songs have changed and developed over time, its influence continues to spread directly or indirectly in literary works, from scriptures to contemporary cinema songs. Therefore, it is not surprising that Silapathikaram and Manimekala, which appeared in the Sanga Maruvya period after the Sangam period, have Sangam characteristics. A student of the Sangam literature can find that the influence of the Sangam literature is deeply rooted in the language and its social practices are gradually changing. Ilangovadikal are noble people who cherish the things spoken by their ancestors as if they were gold. We can know this by playing some customs followed by Sangam literature.
A Re-Reading of Prataba Mudaliar Sarithiram
Authors: N Murugesapandian
Published: February 2025

Mayuram Vedanayakam Pillai has written a Tamil novel called Prataba Mudaliar Sarithram, which is a story of the past. The narrative, told in the biographical background of the individual Prataba Mudaliar, is not narrated in a monotonous manner.Realistic storytelling is not important in the text, which is told as a collection of monologues. Narrated as a story within a story, the story is retold narratively, even if it deviates from the original story.A re-reading of Prataba Mudaliar’s historical novel published by Mayuram Vedanayagam Pillai in 1879, one can trace the novel’s relationship with contemporary times.
Thanjavur Maratha Period Inscription : Presenting the Tamil University Museum Evidences
Authors: Raja A
Published: February 2025

After the rule of the Cholas in Tamil Nadu, chaos began to arise due to lack of power. The decline of the Pandyas prevailed as Hoysala influence. A country that was restless until the rise of the Vijayanagara state in Andhra, the Nayaks usurped power in Madurai when the whole of South India came under Vijayanagara rule. Chola Nadu, a part of Tanjore, was also under the rule of the Nayaks. By chance, the Tanjore region was ruled by the Marathas by interfering in the conflict between the Nayaks of Tanjore and Madurai. From 1676 to 1855 various inscriptions refer to the Marathas of Tanjore. In particular, this article explains the antiquity of three inscriptions found at Pudhalur in Thanjavur and Muthammalchatram near Orathanadu and the historical messages it mentions.
Food in Tamilnadu and Kerala Culture
Authors: Jayakrishnan P
Published: February 2025

Food, one of the basic human needs, occupies a special place in all cultures of the world. To understand the culture of a particular race, one must look into their food habits. A community’s food habits depend on the seasonal environment, the produce of the land, the method of production, the economic status and the social hierarchy. Food is the foundation of human life. In ancient Tamil Nadu, which included the Chera Chola-Pandya kingdoms, grains like rice, millet, wheat, and meat like pig, rabbit, iguana, fish, chicken, and vegetables were used in ancient literature. Fried, baked and fried foods were the most common in Tamil cuisine. During the period of Bhakti literature, a great change took place in Tamil food. This article compares the types of cereals, tubers, fruits and fish and meat related foods used by the people living in the ancient Chera kingdom ie today’s Kerala region with the Tamil Nadu diet.
SELF-EFFICACY OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN DEALING PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
Authors: Putri Rahmia , Widia Lestari  , Nurahannifah Rizky Tampubolon  , Masrina Munawarah Tampubolon
Published: February 2025

Introduction:  The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia is 64.25%, consisting of 54.89% primary dysmenorrhea and 9.36% secondary. Self-efficacy in adolescents had a significant influence on the way they deal with urgent situations, including in dealing with dysmenorrhea conditions. Objective: This study was conducted to describe the self-efficacy of adolescent girls in dealing with primary dysmenorrhea.  Methods: Quantitative research with a simple descriptive design and using a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 86 respondents and used purposive nonprobability sampling techniques. Data were collected using the Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), this questionnaire consists of 10 items of questions about self-efficacy when experiencing pain. Results: Some respondents had moderate self-efficacy (40.7%), low self-efficacy (31.4%) and some respondents had high self-efficacy (27.9%) in dealing with primary dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Most adolescent girls are able to manage pain and cope with dysmenorrhea well, but there are still some respondents who have a low level of self-efficacy. Adolescent girls are expected to increase literacy about pain management to increase self-efficacy in dealing with primary dysmenorrhea.
Design of a Web-Based Regional Food Ordering Information System at Seribu Rasa Restaurant
Authors: Ahmad Fadhil Kurniahadi Al Jufri  , Sagala Alex Paskalis  , Novi Rukhviyanti
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of information technology has presented significant opportunities for the culinary industry to improve operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Seribu Rasa Restaurant, offering regional Indonesian specialities, faces challenges with its manual order management system, leading to long queues, extended waiting times, and limited access to menu information. This highlights the importance of adopting a web-based information system to enhance customer experience and business efficiency. This study aims to design a web-based food ordering information system for Seribu Rasa Restaurant to simplify the ordering process, expedite transactions, and improve data management. Using the Waterfall methodology, the research followed a systematic approach comprising requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Data collection was conducted through interviews with restaurant management, observation of business processes, and a literature review. The system was developed with modern web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, with MySQL for database management. The results show that the developed system enables customers to easily browse menus, place orders, and make integrated payments online. System testing indicates that key features, including menu browsing, order placement, and online payment, function effectively and meet user needs.
Transforming Education with AI: An Exploratory Study of Faculty Insights on ChatGPT's Opportunities and Risks
Authors: E. Sobaih Abu Elnasr , Mahjoubi Mohamed Naceur , Brini Riadh , Al-Qutaish Amer A. N.
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study explores ChatGPT adoption in higher education, highlighting both its benefits and perceived risks. Method: This research adopts an exploratory and qualitative approach to deeply analyse instructors’ perceptions regarding ChatGPT adoption in higher education. This approach is implemented via semi-structured interviews with 25 faculty members from different nationalities. Result: The findings reveal that ChatGPT improves academic performance, research activities, and training, but also raises concerns about technology dependency, ethical implications, and diminished human interaction. Conclusion: Faculty members emphasize the need for thoughtful and balanced integration of this technology to maximize its benefits while minimizing its potential risks.
Protection of Labor Rights of Whistleblowers of Corruption
Authors: Yaroshenko Oleg M. , Getman Anatolii P. , Kostohryz Yaroslav O. , Pavlichenko Volodymir , Mykytiuk Vasyl O.
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study examines the protection of labor rights for corruption whistleblowers in Ukraine, identifying core challenges and proposing solutions to enhance legal safeguards. Method: A range of research methods - including epistemological, formal-logical, comparative legal, and structural-functional analysis - were employed to explore whistleblower roles, assess existing legal frameworks, and identify improvement areas. Results: The analysis reveals that corruption significantly impacts Ukrainian society, undermining justice and hindering the development of a stable middle class. While the institution of whistleblower protection is vital for combating corruption, current labor protections are inadequate, limiting whistleblower effectiveness. Conclusions: Strengthening legal protections for whistleblowers, particularly in labor rights, is essential for advancing transparency and accountability in Ukraine. Recommendations: Legal reforms are recommended to improve whistleblower protections, with a focus on labor rights, to encourage reporting of corruption and support a more transparent governance system.

الهدف: تتناول هذه الدراسة حماية حقوق العمل للمبلّغين عن الفساد في أوكرانيا، وتحدد التحديات الأساسية وتقترح حلولاً لتعزيز الضمانات القانونية.المنهجية: استُخدمت مجموعة من الأساليب البحثية - بما في ذلك التحليل المعرفي والمنطقي الشكلي المنطقي والقانوني المقارن والتحليل الهيكلي الوظيفي - لاستكشاف أدوار المبلّغين عن الفساد، وتقييم الأطر القانونية القائمة، وتحديد مجالات التحسين. النتائج: يكشف التحليل عن أن الفساد يؤثر بشكل كبير على المجتمع الأوكراني ويقوض العدالة ويعيق تطوير طبقة وسطى مستقرة. وفي حين أن مؤسسة حماية المبلّغين عن الفساد أمر حيوي لمكافحة الفساد، إلا أن الحماية الحالية غير كافية، مما يحد من فعالية المبلّغين عن الفساد. الاستنتاجات: إن تعزيز الحماية القانونية للمبلغين عن المخالفات، لا سيما في مجال حقوق العمال، أمر ضروري لتعزيز الشفافية والمساءلة في أوكرانيا. . التوصيات: يوصى بإجراء إصلاحات قانونية لتحسين حماية المبلغين عن المخالفات، مع التركيز على حقوق العمال، لتشجيع الإبلاغ عن الفساد ودعم نظام حوكمة أكثر شفافية.
Challenging Androcentric Narratives: A Gynocentric Analysis of Widowhood and Single Motherhood in The Scarlet Letter
Authors: R Mohammed Anish. , Raj J. Michael , Adelokun Adetunji Oluwapelumi
Published: February 2025

This study examines Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, focusing on Hester Prynne’s role in both challenging and reinforcing androcentric narratives of widowhood and single motherhood. By transforming Hester’s isolation as a widow into public shame as an adulteress, the novel’s androcentric narrative exposes gender biases and double standards that distort societal perceptions of female transgression. This reflects the broader social stigmatization experienced by women in conservative societies. Employing a “Gynocentric” lens, this research explores how Hester’s economic independence and resilience transform the “scarlet letter” from a mark of shame into a symbol of defiance and autonomy. The roles of Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth further illuminate the “masculine mask” that exacerbate Hester’s marginalization. It revealing an androcentric structure that subjects women to moral scrutiny while safeguarding male privilege. Through a close reading of the text, this study critiques these biases and exposes persistent inequalities in the treatment of women, particularly in the absence of male figures. This research contributes to literary scholarship by offering a nuanced interpretation of gender roles in The Scarlet Letter, advocating for a re-evaluation of androcentric narratives, and emphasizing the need for more inclusive representations of societal attitudes towards single women. Finally, the study underscores the importance of addressing both historical and contemporary gender biases to advance equity and deepen understanding of the societal, cultural, and psychological challenges faced by single women and single mothers.

تتناول هذه الدراسة رواية "الحرف القرمزي" لـ ناثانيال هاوثورن، مع التركيز على دور هيستر برين في تحدي وتعزيز السرديات الذكورية حول الترمل والأمومة العزباء. من خلال تحويل عزلة هيستر كأرملة إلى عار علني كمذنبة بالزنا، يكشف السرد الذكوري للرواية عن التحيزات الجنسانية والمعايير المزدوجة التي تشوه تصورات المجتمع حول تجاوزات المرأة. يعكس هذا الوصم الاجتماعي الأوسع الذي تعاني منه النساء في المجتمعات المحافظة. باستخدام منظور "نسوي"، يستكشف هذا البحث كيف تحول استقلال هيستر الاقتصادي ومرونتها "الحرف القرمزي" من علامة عار إلى رمز للتحدي والاستقلالية. كما أن أدوار آرثر ديمسديل وروجر تشيلينجوورث تسلط مزيدًا من الضوء على "القناع الذكوري" الذي يفاقم تهميش هيستر. ويكشف ذلك عن هياكل ذكورية تخضع النساء للتدقيق الأخلاقي بينما تحمي امتيازات الذكور. من خلال قراءة متأنية للنص، تنتقد هذه الدراسة هذه التحيزات وتكشف عن أوجه عدم المساواة المستمرة في معاملة النساء، خاصة في غياب الشخصيات الذكورية. يساهم هذا البحث في الأدب النقدي من خلال تقديم تفسير دقيق لأدوار الجنسين في "الحرف القرمزي"، والدعوة إلى إعادة تقييم السرديات الذكورية، والتأكيد على الحاجة إلى تمثيلات أكثر شمولية للمواقف المجتمعية تجاه النساء العازبات. أخيرًا، تؤكد الدراسة على أهمية معالجة التحيزات الجنسانية التاريخية والمعاصرة لتعزيز المساواة وتعميق فهم التحديات المجتمعية والثقافية والنفسية التي تواجهها النساء العازبات والأمهات العازبات.
The Perception of Testimony and Its Impact on Criminal Proof
Authors: Obeid Ahmad Wajih
Published: February 2025

This research addresses the perception of testimony, which is considered one of the most important and oldest means of evidence. It examines the statements of scholars regarding the extent to which these perceptions can be relied upon in testimony, drawing on my criminal expertise in this field. The study aims to shed light on the meaning, legitimacy, and credibility of testimony. Additionally, it seeks to demonstrate the role of sensory, visual, and auditory perception in testimony, in order to reach the desired conclusions for framing both criminal and medical practices. Research Problem: The central issue of the study is embodied in the question: How have the perceptions of testimony manifested in relation to the truthfulness of the witness? Methodology: The research adopts a comparative, inductive, and analytical approach. Study Findings: This study has yielded several findings, the most notable being: human perception is guided by the senses; it is accurate when the senses are intact, and it falters when they are impaired. Furthermore, the acceptance of testimony on actions is conditional on both observation and accurate description, so that testimony is only accepted with precise description. In addition, testimony is influenced by factors such as the distance between the witness and the event, color blindness, poor lighting, and other conditions that negatively affect the accuracy of testimony.

يتناول هذا البحث مدارك الشّهادة التي تُعَدُّ من أهمّ وسائل الإثبات وأقدمها استعمالًا، وقد بيَّنت أقوال أهل العلم في مدى الاعتماد على هذه المدارك في الشّهادة، مستعينًا بخبرتي الجنائيّة في هذا المجال. الهدف: وتهدف هذه الدّراسة إلى تسليط الضّوء على معنى الشّهادة ومشروعيّتها وحجّيّتها، كما تهدف إلى إثبات دور الإدراك الحسّيّ والبصريّ والسّمعيّ على الشّهادة، للوصول إلى النّتائج المرجوّة من هذا البحث لتأطير العمل الجنائيّ والطّبّيّ معًا. إشكالية الدراسة: لعلّ الإشكاليّة تتجسّد في السّؤال المطروح: كيف تجلّت مدارك الشّهادة على صدق الشّاهد؟ المنهج المتّبع: اعتمدت على المنهج الاستقرائيّ التّحليليّ المقارن. نتائج الدّراسة: توصّلت هذه الدّراسة إلى جملة من النّتائج من أبرزها: الحواسّ طريق لإدراك الإنسان، يسلم الإدراك بسلامتها، ويختلّ باختلالها، والوصف مشروط إلى جانب الرّؤية لقبول الشّهادة على الأفعال، فلا تقبل الشّهادة فيها إلّا بالوصف الدّقيق، وتتأثّر الشّهادة بالمسافة بين الشّاهد والحدث، وبعمى الألوان، وبضعف الإضاءة، وغير ذلك ممّا يؤثّر سلبًا على دقّة الشّهادة.
Effect of Capsicum Annum L. Powder on Growth Performance of Chicken Broilers
Authors: Mudalal Samer , Badran Iyad
Published: February 2025

Recently, there has been a growing interest in employing different growth promoters to improve the production of poultry meat. Antibiotics are one of the most popular growth promoters. Due to the adverse health implications of using antibiotics, there is increasing interest to find safe and natural alternatives to antibiotics. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of chili pepper powder on the growth of chicken broilers. In an open-sided broiler house, a total of 360 one-day-old Ross (600) chicks were randomly assigned to twelve floor pens of comparable size. Chili red pepper powder was added to the feed at 0.0% (control) (T1), 0.5% (T2), 1.0 %(T3), and 1.5 %(T4). The four treatments were assigned to pens completely at random (Completely Randomized Design). Chili red pepper reduced the body weight of broilers compared to the control treatment. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the intake of hot red pepper and body weight. Feed intake also decreased by inclusion of red pepper. Treatment T4 exhibited a significantly greater feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control (T1). In comparison to the control treatment, the plucked weights of all treatments (T2, T3, and T4) fed chile red pepper were considerably lower (1595, 1587, and 1577 vs. 1625, p <0.05). At slaughtering age (six weeks), the impact of chili pepper inclusion level on FCR was more noticeable than it was at other ages. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were significantly higher in the control group than in all other treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of red chili pepper in broiler feed did not show a positive effect on growth performance. It seems that the addition of chili red pepper in the feed lowered the appetite of broiler chicks, which resulted in decreased feed intake.
Developing a Walkability Index for Built Environment and its Applications at Different Spatial Levels
Authors: Dawwas Emad , Helal Ayah
Published: February 2025

Walking is being widely recommended by the mainstream research about sustainable development as a preferable commuting mode for health, economic and environmental reasons. Therefore, designing and implementing walkable communities are increasingly becoming main goals adopted by urban planners and transportation engineers. Considering a wide range of walkability parameters, this study aimed to develop a quantification method of walkability based on the technical standardization. The study proposed a multi-component walkability index “PASS” that stands for the four measurable components of the index including: Physical design component (P); Aesthetic and convenience component (A); Safety component (S) and Special needs requirements (S). The PASS index was constructed using field data that was collected about 1418 road segments with overall length of 253.1 km in Nablus city, West Bank, Palestine. The value of the index ranges from 0 (the worst walking conditions) to 5 (the best conditions). A special Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tool was designed to accommodate the PASS index and to represent the results spatially. PASS was found to be an effective tool in quantifying and assessing walkability at four spatial levels: (1) road and road segment level; (2) road network level; (3) neighborhood and district level; and (4) city level. Therefore, decision-makers, planners, and engineers can benefit from the proposed methodology to identify where interventions are required and to prioritize budget allocation to improve the walking environment at all spatial levels. The proposed tool is a significant methodological contribution to the field of urban and city planning as it can be easily replicated in other cities with limited financial and technical resources.
Effortless Student Attendance: A Smart Human-Computer Interactive System Using Real Time Facial Recognition
Authors: Lateef Ahmad S. , Kamil Mohammed Y.
Published: February 2025

Objective: Recording attendance is a critical process in academic institutions due to its significant impact on student performance and engagement. Current methods for recording attendance are often time-consuming and labour-intensive for lecturers and administrative staff, necessitating the development of more efficient and flexible solutions. While various automated attendance systems have been proposed, they often encounter challenges related to cost, implementation complexity, or reliability, hindering widespread adoption in educational settings. Method: This paper introduces a novel approach to automating attendance registration using face recognition technology. Our method integrates multiple feature extraction algorithms within a user-friendly graphical interface, specifically designed in English to enhance usability. By using existing security cameras commonly found in academic institutions, our approach addresses both cost and time inefficiencies. The attendance registration process involves capturing a video of the classroom, which is then processed to identify and log student attendance in a CSV file. A significant aspect of our study is using a comprehensive dataset comprising 2,170 images collected from 31 students at Mustansiriyah University. This extensive dataset enhances the robustness and reliability of our system, providing a diverse range of facial expressions, angles, and lighting conditions that improve the accuracy and generalizability of our model. Result: The system demonstrated accuracy of up to 100%, with deep learning algorithms outperforming machine learning methods. Conclusion: These promising results suggest that face recognition technology can effectively streamline and automate attendance tracking, offering a viable solution for educational institutions seeking to improve operational efficiency and accuracy
Improving Underwater Image Quality Using WZDN Algorithm
Authors: M Blessa Binolin Pepsi
Published: February 2025

In underwater photography, images often suffer from color distortion, haziness, and low visibility due to the scattering of light by water and particles. To address these issues, we propose using advanced algorithms designed specifically for underwater conditions. Our approach involves correcting color distortion and restoring accurate color representation using a method called Wavelength Dehazing Zero Deep Network (WZDN). This algorithm enhances visibility and improves color fidelity by removing haze and adjusting colors to their true values. Additionally, we implement techniques to enhance contrast, making underwater details more visible and improving overall image quality. By reducing the impact of particulate matter and dissolved substances, we minimize haziness and murkiness, resulting in clearer images. Furthermore, our algorithms are optimized for efficient real-time processing, making them suitable for applications requiring rapid image enhancement, such as underwater exploration, surveillance, and marine research. our research focuses on developing algorithms that enhance underwater images by correcting color distortion, improving visibility, and reducing haziness. These algorithms, particularly WZDN, provide superior color fidelity and enhanced visibility, ultimately restoring the clarity of underwater images.
Blockchain Technology in Accounting: A Systematic Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Julius Sokunbi Ayodeji
Published: February 2025

Blockchain technology has emerged as a
transformative innovation with the potential to
revolutionize the accounting profession. By
leveraging its core features of decentralization,
immutability, and real-time access to data,
blockchain addresses long-standing challenges in
financial reporting, auditing, and compliance. This
systematic review explores the diverse applications
of blockchain in accounting, including automated
auditing, fraud prevention, secure data
management, and real-time reporting. It also delves
into the challenges hindering its widespread
adoption, such as scalability issues, high
implementation costs, regulatory uncertainty, and
the steep learning curve for professionals.Despite
these obstacles, the future prospects of blockchain
in accounting remain promising. Innovations such
as smart contracts, interoperability with other
technologies, and global standardization efforts are
expected to drive its adoption. Blockchain’s
potential to democratize financial services and
empower small and medium-sized enterprises
further underscores its societal relevance.This
review concludes by highlighting the dual need for
addressing adoption barriers and fostering
collaboration among stakeholders to harness
blockchain’s full potential. As accounting embraces
digital transformation, blockchain is poised to
become a cornerstone of a more transparent,
efficient, and trustworthy financial ecosystem.
Design and Simulation of Dual Rotor Induction Motors for Core Loss Determination.
Authors: Ebika Agi, Benedict , Ohiero Peter, O , Ogbaji Iyaji, S , Fischer Gertrude , L. Ogbudu Ogbeche
Published: February 2025

Dual rotor induction motors offer significant
advantages in terms of torque density, efficiency, and
power factor compared to conventional single rotor
designs. However, the determination and
minimization of core losses in such motors remain
critical challenges, particularly as core losses
directly impact overall motor performance and
energy efficiency. This paper focuses on the design
and simulation of dual rotor induction motors to
accurately determine core losses under various
operating conditions. Using advanced modeling
techniques and simulation tools such as Finite
Element Analysis (FEA) and the computational
capacity of Ansys Maxwell 2D, the research had
analyzed the effects of different design parameters,
such as rotor geometry and material properties, on
core losses. The goal is a developed optimized dual
rotor induction motor design that minimizes core
losses while maintaining high performance. The
results showed that the core losses of the selected
motor affected its performance at varied proportions.
When the core losses were at 50%, the speed and
output power of the motor was 92%. When the core
losses were 100%, the motor overall performance
dropped from 92% to 45%. This difference in
performance index showed that when the core losses
of three phase induction motor are not properly
handled or eliminated, then the motor will not
perform maximally to meet its expectations. These
results have contributed to the development of more
efficient dual rotor induction motors, with potential
applications in industries requiring highperformance electric machines.
Identification of the Key Challenges Faced by Public Library Facilities in South East Nigeria
Authors: Chinedu Ndive Paul , Charles Egolum Prof. Chukwunwike
Published: February 2025

Public libraries play a crucial role in education,
research, and community development. However, in
Southeast Nigeria, these institutions face numerous
challenges that hinder their effectiveness. This study
examines the key issues affecting public libraries in
the Southeast, including inadequate funding, poor
infrastructure, limited technological access, outdated
collections, and a shortage of trained librarians. The
study used a mixed-method approach. Data were
collected through field observations, structured
interviews, and surveys administered to library users
and staff. A total of 316 questionnaires were
distributed to respondents who were carefully
selected. Out of these, 309 questionnaires were
retrieved with complete answers, giving a response
rate of 97%. The sample size was determined using
Taro Yamane formula. The data collected was
subjected to descriptive statistical analysis method,
Weighted Mean Score, and Standard Deviation.
Tables were used in the presentation of data gathered
from the field. Analysis was done using the statistical
package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The
analysis identifies government negligence, economic
constraints, technological lag, and changing reading
habits as the root causes of the problem. To address
these issues, the study proposes strategic
interventions, including increased government
investment, policy reforms, digital integration,
infrastructure modernization, and enhanced publicprivate partnerships. Additionally, the study
recommends need for strengthening security,
improving staff capacity, improvement of library
infrastructure, Modernization and Digital
Transformation etc.
The Impact of Organizing Large Sports Events on the Development of Local Sports
Authors: Popek PhD. Adam
Published: February 2025

Large sports events such as the Olympics, FIFA
World Cup, and other international tournaments
have far-reaching effects beyond the event itself.
One of the key impacts is on the development of
local sports within the host nation or region. This
article explores the various dimensions of this
impact, including increased sports participation,
infrastructural development, economic investments
in sports, and the cultivation of local talent. While
the short-term benefits of hosting such events are
often widely discussed, this article delves into the
longer-term implications for local sports
development, offering a comprehensive view of
both positive and negative outcomes.