bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coğrafya Dersi Öğretim Programında Değerler / Values in Geography Teaching Curriculum
Authors: Değirmenci Yavuz
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine Geography curriculum in terms of values, which is renewed in 2017. For this purpose, which values take place in the program, the relation between values and learning outcomes, distribution of values to class levels and learning areas are examined. Document analysis as a qualitative research method is used in current research. As a result, it is found out that ten (10) different values are included in the Geography curriculum. It is noticed that values are included each grades’ teaching materials in the curriculum. Additionally, it is found that numbers of the learning outcomes related to the values are intensified in 10th and 11th grades, those numbers were at a lower level in the 9th grade. When the distribution of value numbers due to learning areas is examined, "natural systems" subject has the highest one, "global environment: regions and countries" learning subject has the lowest number in terms of value distribution. As a result, it is decided the renewed program aims to raise awareness on values. Suggestions have been provided based on these results.

 

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 2017 yılında yenilenen coğrafya dersi öğretim programını değerler açısından incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda programda hangi değerlere yer verildiği, değerlerin kazanımlarla ilişkisi, değerlerin sınıf düzeylerine ve öğrenme alanlarına göre dağılımı incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından biri olan doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, coğrafya dersi öğretim programında 10 farklı değer ifadesine yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Programda değerlere her sınıf düzeyinde yer verildiği görülmüş. 10. ve 11. sınıflarda değerlere ilişkin kazanım sayılarının yoğunluk kazandığı, 9. sınıfta ise bu yoğunluğun daha düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Değer sayılarının öğrenme alanlarına göre dağılımı incelendiğinde ise “doğal sistemler” alanının ön plana çıktığı, “küresel ortam, bölgeler ve ülkeler” alanında ise bu sayının en düşük düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yenilenen programın değerler açısından bir farkındalık oluşturmayı amaçladığı görüşüne varılmış ve bu farkındalığı artırmak için ulaşılan sonuçlara bağlı olarak bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
17. Yüzyılda Kudüs Halilurrahman Vakfı Görevlileri ve Vakfın İşleyişindeki Rolleri / Staff of the Jerusalem Hebron Foundation and Their Role in the Foundation Mechanism in the 17th Century
Authors: Güneş Hasan Hüseyin
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The Jerusalem Hebron Foundation which was centered in Jerusalem is regarded as the oldest foundation of the World. Till the conquest of Arabic lands by the Ottoman Empire, the former Muslim rulers had made an effort to take care of the foundation for its persistence. Court records (sijils) shows that Ottomans also behaved in the same way with them.

The aim of this study is to seek the nature of the administrative mechanism of the Hebron Foundation which was one of the most important endowments of Jerusalem in the 17th century by using the court records of Jerusalem. The study, by examining its staff, also tries to show one side of the foundation which has never been handled before, namely, the role of the staff in the administrative mechanism.

 

Öz

Kudüs merkezli Halilurrahman Vakfı, yeryüzünün en kadim vakfı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti tarafından Arap coğrafyası ilhak edilene dek, bu alana hâkim olmuş İslam devletleri vakfın sürekliliğinin sağlanması için gerekli ihtimamı göstermeye çalışmışlardır. Aynı çabanın Osmanlılar tarafından harcandığını Kudüs Şer’iye Sicilleri de göstermektedir.

Bu makalenin amacı Türkiye’de pek istifade edilmeyen zengin Kudüs Şer’iye Sicillerinden hareketle, XVII. yüzyıl Kudüs’ünün en önemli vakıflarından biri konumundaki Halilurrahman evkafının yönetim mekanizmasının ne şekilde işlediğini vakıf çalışanlarından hareketle anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu sayede, daha evvel literatürde üzerinde az sayıda çalışma bulunan vakfın hiç değinilmeyen bir yönü ortaya çıkmış olacaktır.
AutoWIG: automatic generation of python bindings for C++ libraries
Authors: Fernique Pierre , Pradal Christophe
Published: April 2018

Most of Python and R scientific packages incorporate compiled scientific libraries to speed up the code and reuse legacy libraries. While several semi-automatic solutions exist to wrap these compiled libraries, the process of wrapping a large library is cumbersome and time consuming. In this paper, we introduce AutoWIG, a Python package that wraps automatically compiled libraries into high-level languages using LLVM/Clang technologies and the Mako templating engine. Our approach is automatic, extensible, and applies to complex C++ libraries, composed of thousands of classes or incorporating modern meta-programming constructs.
Minimally invasive determination of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subtype by means of circulating cell‐free RNA
Authors: Metzenmacher Martin , Zaun Gregor , Trajkovic‐Arsic Marija , Cheung Phyllis , Reissig Timm M. , Schürmann Hendrik , von Neuhoff Nils , O'Kane Grainne , Ramotar Stephanie , Dodd Anna , Gallinger Steven , Muckenhuber Alexander , Knox Jennifer J. , Kunzmann Volker , Horn Peter A. , Hoheisel Jörg D. , Siveke Jens T. , Lueong Smiths S.
Published: October 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) comprises two clinically relevant molecular subtypes that are currently determined using tissue biopsies, which are spatially biased and highly invasive. We used whole transcriptome sequencing of 10 plasma samples with tumor‐informed subtypes, complemented by proteomic analysis for minimally invasive identification of PDAC subtype markers. Data were validated in independent large cohorts and correlated with treatment response and patient outcome. Differential transcript abundance analyses revealed 32 subtype‐specific, protein‐coding cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) transcripts. The subtype specificity of these transcripts was validated in two independent tissue cohorts comprising 195 and 250 cases, respectively. Three disease‐relevant cfRNA‐defined subtype markers (DEGS1, KDELC1, and RPL23AP7) that consistently associated with basal‐like tumors across all cohorts were identified. In both tumor and liquid biopsies, the overexpression of these markers correlated with poor survival. Moreover, elevated levels of the identified markers were linked to a poor response to systemic therapy and early relapse in resected patients. Our data indicate clinical applicability of cfRNA markers in determining tumor subtypes and monitoring disease recurrence.
In Situ Construction of Polypyrrole–Silver Composite Conductive Phase in High‐Performance Polyimide Sponge and Study of Sensing Behavior Under Microstress
Authors: Han Song , Zhang Liu , Sun Gaohui , Wang Jun , Han Shihui
Published: October 2024

Composites comprising conductive polymers and metal particles have garnered considerable interest in sensor technology due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, producing controllable pressure sensors that retain high sensitivity under microstress remains challenging. Polyimide (PI) sponge exhibits excellent chemical and thermal stability and a porous structure that facilitates considerable deformation under low stress levels and results in good sensitivity to external forces. Herein, a conductive polymer–metal composite conductive phase, polypyrrole–silver (PPy–Ag), is directly fabricated on the PI surface through incipient network conformal growth. This method ensures that the PPy–Ag composite maintains optimal performance within its original temperature range, thereby enhancing detection sensitivity at low stress levels. The maximum conductivity of the fabricated PPy–Ag/PI composite sponge‐based flexible piezoresistive sensor is 2.42 × 10−4 S m−1, and the sensitivity is recorded at 16.31 kPa−1 within a stress range of 0–80 Pa. After undergoing 1000 compression cycles, the sensor exhibits commendable stability and reproducibility.
In Situ Atomic‐Scale Experiments Reveal the Atomistic Mechanisms of Grain Boundary Plasticity
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Feng Yuanyuan , Zhang Xu , Yang Chengpeng , Ma Yan , Li Zhipeng , Mao Shengcheng , Kong Deli , Long Haibo , Li Ang , Wang Lihua , Han Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

Grain boundary (GB) plastic deformation is a critical deformation mode that can significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of metals. Given its importance, numerous studies have been conducted over the past few decades to investigate the atomistic mechanism of GB plasticity, which includes GB migration, GB sliding, and grain rotation. These three deformation modes typically occur simultaneously and interact cooperatively. Despite substantial advancements in understanding the atomic‐scale mechanisms of GB plasticity, there is a scarcity of review papers addressing the in situ atomic‐scale mechanisms of GB plasticity. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the atomistic mechanisms of GB plasticity in metals, detailing modes predicted by theoretical models and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, as well as discussing mechanisms verified by in situ atomic‐scale experiments. Additionally, it examines the factors influencing GB deformation. The authors intend for this review to serve not only as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of nanocrystalline (NC) metals but also as a textbook for educating graduate students.
Pottery‐Inspired Flexible Fire‐Shielding Ceramifiable Silicone Foams for Exceptional Long‐Term Thermal Protection
Authors: Chen Zuan‐Yu , Wu Yu‐Yue , Liu Shuai‐Chi , Li Yang , Guan Zi‐Qi , Cao Cheng‐Fei , Zhang Guo‐Dong , Tuten Bryan T. , Gao Jie‐Feng , Shi Yong‐Qian , Song Pingan , Tang Long‐Cheng
Published: October 2024

Owing to their preeminent properties, including mechanical flexibility, thermal insulation, and low cost, silicone foams are widely used in industrial fields. However, flame‐induced structural failure greatly restricts their practical applications. It is challenging for flexible silicone foams to realize reliable thermal protection in thermo–mechanical–oxidative environments. Inspired by traditional pottery, a multiscale‐filler synergistic ceramifiable strategy for creating silicone foam nanocomposites with flexibility and long‐term fireproofing is proposed herein. The foam materials not only maintain mechanical flexibility and elasticity (≈2% residual strain after 1000 cycles) at a temperature range of −60–210 °C but also exhibit exceptional long‐term (>30 min) thermal insulation upon exposure to ≈1300 °C oxidative environments because of their ability to form a gradient robust porous ceramic structure. Moreover, the foam material can provide stable thermal protection for electric cables and lithium‐ion battery packs, making it one of the most reliable thermal insulation materials so far. This work broadens the applications of silicone foams in emerging fields where mechanical buffering and fireproofing are required.
Unlocking the Rhythmic Power of Bacterial Cellulose: A Comprehensive Review on Green Energy Harvesting and Sustainable Applications
Authors: Mikaeeli Kangarshahi Babak , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Younesian Davood , Rabiee Navid
Published: October 2024

Bacterial cellulose is a biodegradable and ecologically safe material that has the potential to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. This review introduces green energy harvesting, a novel concept that harnesses natural processes to provide sustainable energy. A thorough overview of bacterial cellulose, covering its distinctive features, its biological origin, and its energy conversion process, is fully presented. The different materials and methods used to design and fabricate bacterial cellulose‐based energy harvesters are explored. Moreover, the various applications and benefits of these devices in the context of renewable energy are examined. The current challenges and limitations of this emerging field are identified and the possible avenues for future research are suggested. The significance of adopting eco‐friendly approaches in achieving a balance between human needs and environmental preservation is highlighted. By providing a comprehensive and critical assessment of bacterial cellulose as a green energy harvester, this review aims to motivate researchers, engineers, and policymakers to tap into the rhythmic potential of this natural material in building a more sustainable and resilient future.
High Performance and Colorful Polymer Thermoelectrics with Imprinted Porous Film
Authors: Zhao Yue , Li Zhiyi , Wang Dongyang , Zhang Xiao , Ji Zhen , Niu Lixin , Di Yuqiu , Guan Yong , Liu Liyao , Zou Ye , Li Cheng , Zhang Fengjiao , Zhang Deqing , Zhu Daoben , Di Chong‐an
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of the Internet of Things and wearable electronics has generated growing interest in creating high‐performance and visually striking polymer thermoelectric (TE) devices. However, existing polymer TE materials have yet to fully meet these diverse demands. In this study, imprinted porous polymer films are introduced that exhibit both high TE performance and a spectrum of structural colors. The porous architecture not only preserves excellent charge transport properties but also significantly enhances phonon‐like scattering, resulting in a more than 50% reduction in thermal conductivity for the PDPPSe‐12 film. This leads to a 170% increase in the figure of merit (ZT), achieving a peak value of 0.52 at 363 K. Furthermore, the highly ordered porous structure imparts the PDPPSe‐12 films with both a wide range of structural colors and remarkable stretchability, making them ideal for wearable TE generators. This approach is widely applicable to various polymeric systems, offering a novel strategy for advancing state‐of‐the‐art plastic TE materials through microstructural engineering.
Impact of Dilute DIO Additive on Local Microstructure of Fluorinated, pNDI‐Based Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Christina , Wu Yilei , Cendra Camila , Schneider Sebastian , Treiber Jeremy , Agarwala Puja , Gomez Enrique D. , Bao Zhenan , Takacs Christopher , Toney Michael F. , Salleo Alberto
Published: October 2024

The performance of all‐polymer solar cells is often enhanced by incorporating solvent additives during solution processing. In particular, blends based on the model all‐polymer system PBDBT:N2200 have been shown to have increased short‐circuit current and fill factor when processed with dilute diiodooctane (DIO). However, the morphological mechanism that drives the increase in performance is often not well understood due to limitations in common characterization techniques. In this study, it is shown that a combination of X‐ray techniques with cryogenic high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis can provide a quantitative and spatially resolved picture of polymer chain orientation and alignment in all‐polymer blends. It is found that DIO induces vertical phase separation in PBDBT‐2F:F‐N2200 and increases donor crystallite thickness in the pi‐stacking direction leading to an acceptor‐rich film surface. However, it is also shown that DIO does not disrupt the formation of face‐on donor–acceptor interfaces. These findings suggest that dilute DIO primarily affects crystalline domain formation in single component regions as opposed to mixed regions; thus, dilute DIO can impact vertical charge transport pathways without sacrificing donor–acceptor interfacial connectivity.
Acid‐Mediated Oxidative C−H Phosphorylation of Quinoxalines and Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one
Authors: Muhammad Shabbir , Zeng Li , Li Hao , Lei Aiwen , Yi Hong
Published: October 2024

Quinoxaline is a chemical moiety known for its diverse physicochemical and biological properties, making it the focus of extensive research. Over the past few decades, quinoxaline scaffolds have been utilized in the design and development of various bioactive molecules, dyes, fluorescent materials, electroluminescent materials, organic sensitizers for solar cells, and polymeric optoelectronic materials. Herein, we present a metal‐free and rapid protocol for the phosphorylation of quinoxalines and quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one. This method employs oxygen as an oxidant under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, with experimental evidence indicating the absence of radical involvement. Our methodology provides range of phosphorylated quinoxalines and quinoxaline‐2(1H)‐one in yields ranging from 47% to 99%.
TGFβ2‐Driven Ferritin Degradation and Subsequent Ferroptosis Underlie Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Conditions
Authors: Oh Su‐Jeong , Shin Ye Young , Ahn Ji‐Su , Park Hee‐Jeong , Kang Min‐Jung , Shin Tae‐Hoon , Lee Byung‐Chul , Kim Won Kyu , Oh Jung‐Min , Lee Dongjun , Kim Yun Hak , Kim Ji Min , Sung Eui‐Suk , Lee Eun‐Woo , Jeong Jee‐Heon , Lee Byung‐Joo , Seo Yoojin , Kim Hyung‐Sik
Published: October 2024

Despite the high incidence of dry mouth in postmenopausal women, its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions remain underexplored. Using ovariectomized (OVX) mouse models, here this study identifies ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent regulated cell death, as a central mechanism driving postmenopausal salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. In the OVX‐SGs, TGFβ signaling pathway is enhanced with the aberrant TGFβ2 expression in SG mesenchymal cells. Intriguingly, TGFβ2 treatment reduces iron‐storing ferritin levels, leading to lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic death in SG epithelial organoids (SGOs). Mechanistically, TGFβ2 promotes the autophagy‐mediated ferritin degradation, so‐called ferritinophagy. A notable overexpression of the type III TGFβ receptor (TβRIII) is found in the OVX‐SGs and TGFβ2‐treated SGOs, while the silencing of TβRIII mitigates the ferroptosis‐mediated deleterious effects of TGFβ2 on SGOs. Finally, administration of ferroptosis inhibitor, Liproxstatin‐1 (Lip‐1), improves saliva secretion in OVX mice. Present findings collectively suggest a link between TGFβ signaling, ferroptosis, and SG injury, offering new therapeutic avenues for postmenopausal xerostomia.
Reviving Spent NCM Cathodes via Spontaneous Galvanic Corrosion in Ambient Atmospheric Condition
Authors: Song Jinju , Song Hayong , Song Jeonghwan , Noh Geumui , Kim Hyungsub , Ma Jiyoung , Woo Jung‐Je
Published: October 2024

The recycling of end‐of‐life Li‐ion batteries (EoL LIBs) is critical for maintaining the sustainable LIB industry. In this study, the compositional restoration method for degraded LiΔNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode via spontaneous galvanic corrosion, which can be conducted at room temperature, is demonstrated. Achieving the lithiation of spent LiΔNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 to its pristine state at room temperature requires a strong reducing agent with a redox potential lower than 1.6 V (vs Li/Li+), which is very reactive and expensive. In the designed restoration system, spontaneous restoration can be achieved by using an Aluminum (Al) current collector as a reducing agent which has sufficient reducing power (Al/Al3+, 1.37 V (vs Li/Li+)). Moreover, through a galvanic reaction design that utilizes Li‐ion in the electrolyte of spent LIBs, the additional Li source required to replenish the Li‐deficient NCM is minimized. The galvanic corrosion‐based restoration mechanism is systematically analyzed, and a spent Li0.76Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 is successfully restored to its pristine state (Li1.05Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2). Furthermore, restoration strategies accomplishable in not only the cathode state but also the battery state are presented to ensure applicability in practical recycling processes. The proposed strategy suggests a new insight into the direct cathode recycling technology, possessing economic feasibility, and environmental friendliness.
Animal Welfare or Own Welfare: What Motivates Consumers’ Choice of Cage‐Free Products?
Authors: He Juan , Xiong Hang
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the puzzle of animal welfare regulations consistently passing by majority votes, despite potential welfare losses evident in market data. To understand this phenomenon, we propose a conceptual framework that considers two possibilities: first, animal welfare might not be valued in the market, as suggested by classical externality analysis, and second, it could be valued due to altruistic motivations. To illustrate the framework, we uncover the motives driving consumers’ demand for animal welfare products jointly utilizing the results of a discrete choice experiment and respondents’ perception data obtained in China. Our findings align with the predictions made by classical externality analysis, indicating that the public good aspect of animal welfare is not valued in this market and thereby challenging the existence of altruistic behavior. Moreover, our analysis of consumer heterogeneity reveals that as consumers’ knowledge increases, they exhibit a decreased inclination to prioritize the animal welfare attribute for fulfilling their private needs, and may raise concerns about the safety of animal welfare‐friendly products.
Biomimetic Triplet Messenger RNA Formulation in MXene Hydrogel Microneedles for Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Ji , Wang Yu , Lu Minhui , Cao Xinyue , Xia Ming , Zhao Miaoqing , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: October 2024

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has demonstrated immense potential in disease therapeutic applications. The current direction is focused on imparting mRNA with competitive synthetic functions and delicate carrier systems. Here, inspired by the collaborative regulation of growth factors by the cellular microenvironment, we present novel transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) hydrogel microneedles loaded with a biomimetic triplet mRNA formulation (TM) for diabetic wound treatment. Such microneedles were composed of TM, MXene, and hyaluronic acid hydrogel. The presence of MXene imparted the microneedles with great photo‐thermal responsiveness properties, thus realizing controlled active release by the shrinkage/swelling of hydrogel. With the effective release of TM, the microneedles were proven to enhance endothelial cell migration, growth, and angiogenesis. Through in vivo animal experiments, we have confirmed that TM‐microneedles (TM‐MNs) can promote tissue regeneration and collagen deposition more effectively than intravenous and intradermal administration. Thus, we believe that the proposed TM‐MN platform with precise delivery and controllable release of TM will show great potential for promoting the healing of clinic diabetic wounds.
Rearranging Deformable Linear Objects for Implicit Goals with Self‐Supervised Planning and Control
Authors: Huo Shengzeng , Hu Fuji , Wang Fangyuan , Hu Luyin , Zhou Peng , Zhu Jihong , Wang Hesheng , Navarro‐Alarcon David
Published: October 2024

The robotic manipulation of deformable linear objects is a frontier problem with many potential applications in diverse industries. However, most existing research in this area focuses on shape control for a provided explicit goal and does not consider physical constraints, which limits its applicability in many real‐world scenarios. In this study, a self‐supervised planning and control approach are proposed to address the challenge of rearranging deformable linear objects for implicit goals. Specifically, the context of making both ends of the object reachable (inside the robotic access range) and graspable (outside potential collision regions) by dual‐arm robots is considered. Firstly, the object is described with sequential keypoints and the correspondence‐based action is parameterized. Secondly, a generator capable of producing multiple explicit targets is developed, which adhere to implicit conditions. Thirdly, value models are learnt to assign the most promising explicit target as guidance and determine the goal‐conditioned action. All models within the policy are trained in a self‐supervised manner based on data collected from simulations. Importantly, the learned policy can be directly applied to real‐world settings since we do not rely on accurate dynamic models. The performance of the new method is validated with simulations and real‐world experiments.
Health behaviours and affective states of partners of fly‐in fly‐out workers: A daily diary study
Authors: Asiamah‐Asare Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah , Robinson Suzanne , Kwasnicka Dominika , Powell Daniel
Published: October 2024

Partners of fly‐in fly‐out (FIFO) workers face increases in demands, for instance in care and family responsibilities, particularly in the absence of workers; however, little is known about how their daily life experiences influence their health across the FIFO work cycle. This study examined the within‐person effects of workload, job control and social support on affective states and health behaviours of partners of FIFO workers. Forty‐four (N = 44) partners of FIFO workers completed online diary surveys on affective states and health behaviours once a day for 28 consecutive days during on‐and off‐shift periods of the FIFO worker. Multilevel models were used to analyse day‐level data. The results of the study demonstrated significant differences in partners' depressed affect and alcohol consumption during both on‐ and off‐shift periods of FIFO workers. Daily increases in workload were associated with anxious affect, whereas daily increases in job control and social support were associated with low depressed affect and positive affect in partners of FIFO workers. Daily increase in social support was also found to be associated with an increase in daily alcohol intake. Interventions could support partners in managing the daily workload and encouraging the creation of social support networks in partners of FIFO workers.
Natural Polyphenol‐Reinforced Ion‐Selective Separators for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries with High Sulfur Loading and Lean Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Yanfei , Wang Wankai , Zhang Junping
Published: October 2024

Ion‐selective separators are promising to inhibit soluble intermediates shuttle in practical lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. However, designing and fabricating such high‐performance ion‐selective separators using cost‐effective, eco‐friendly, and versatile methods remains a formidable challenge. Here we present ion‐selective separators fabricated via the spontaneous deposition of green tea‐derived polyphenols onto a polypropylene separator, aimed at enhancing the stability of Li−S batteries. The resulting natural polyphenol‐reinforced ion‐selective (NPRIS24) separators exhibit rapid Li ion transport and high soluble intermediates inhibition capability with an ultralow shuttle rate of 0.67 % for Li2S4, 0.19 % for Li2S6 and 0.10 % for Li2S8. This superior ion‐selectivity arises from the high electronegativity and strong lithiophilic nature of the phenolic compounds. Consequently, we have achieved high‐performance Li−S batteries that are steadily cyclable under the challenging conditions of an S loading of 5.7 mg cm−2, an electrolyte‐to‐S ratio of 5.1 μL mg−1, and a 50 μm Li foil anode. Furthermore, the NPRIS24 separator enhances the performance of other Li metal batteries utilizing commercial LiFePO4 (5.3 mg cm−2) and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (9.9 mg cm−2) cathodes. This work underscores the potential of utilizing natural polyphenols for the design of advanced ion‐selective separators in energy storage systems.
Homologation of Alkenyl Carbonyls via a Cyclopropanation/Light‐Mediated Selective C−C Cleavage Strategy
Authors: Nguyen Tin V. T. , Brownsey Duncan K. , Bossonnet André , Wodrich Matthew D. , Waser Jerome
Published: October 2024

We report herein our studies on the direct photoactivation of carbonyl cyclopropanes to give biradical intermediates, leading to selective cleavage of the more substituted carbon‐carbon bond. Depending on the substrate structure, extended alkenes were isolated or directly reacted in a photo‐Nazarov process to give bicyclic products. Based on these results, a unified reductive ring‐opening reaction was developed by using diphenyl disulfide as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent. By performing a sequential cyclopropanation/selective ring opening reaction, we achieved a CH2 insertion into the α,β bond of both acyclic and cyclic unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Our protocol provides a further tool for the modification of the carbon framework of organic compounds, complementing the recent progress in “skeletal editing”.
Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H α‐Acetylation: Generation of Quaternary Centers
Authors: Okoromoba Otome E. , Chen Ting‐An , Jang Eun Sil , McMullin Claire L. , Cundari Thomas R. , Warren Timothy H.
Published: October 2024

α‐substituted ketones are important chemical targets as synthetic intermediates as well as functionalities in natural products and pharmaceuticals. We report the α‐acetylation of C(sp3)−H substrates R−H with arylmethyl ketones ArC(O)Me to provide α‐alkylated ketones ArC(O)CH2R at RT with tBuOOtBu as oxidant via copper(I)
‐diketiminato catalysts. Proceeding via alkyl radicals R•, this method enables α‐substitution with bulky substituents without competing elimination that occurs in more traditional alkylation reactions between enolates and alkyl electrophiles. DFT studies suggest the intermediacy of copper(II) enolates [CuII](CH2C(O)Ar) that capture alkyl radicals R• to give R−CH2C(O)Ar outcompeting dimerization of the copper(II) enolate to give the 1,4‐diketone ArC(O)CH2CH2C(O)Ar.
Natural Surface Frustrated Lewis Pairs: The Concept and Beyond
Authors: Yu Xi‐Yang , Su Xue , Xi Meng‐Jia , Huang Zheng‐Qing , Chang Chun‐Ran
Published: October 2024

The reusable and separable surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) open up a novel approach to efficient small‐molecule activation and conversion in heterogeneous catalysis. However, SFLPs have only been reported on limited systems due to the difficulty in the design and synthesis process. The inherent Lewis pairs on various solid materials offer promising opportunities for finding natural SFLPs, providing a straightforward and efficient strategy to overcome the current limitations. In this concept, we retrospect the concept of natural SFLPs proposed on wurtzite crystal surfaces and identify other natural SFLPs that probably exist on solid materials, including reduced oxide surfaces, corrugated graphene, and perovskite quantum dots. Having focused on the reactivity of natural SFLPs in small‐molecule activation, we discuss the current challenges, propose possible research directions, and highlight potential applications of natural SFLPs in heterogeneous catalysis.
Design and Development of Infiltration Resins: From Base Monomer Structure to Resin Properties
Authors: Yang Shuo , Zhao Ting , Liu Xiaoqiu , Zhang Haibo , Yang Bo , Chen Zheng
Published: October 2024

The resin infiltration concept is one of the most widely used minimally invasive restorative techniques in restorative dentistry with the most outstanding therapeutic effect, and it is also one of the key research directions in restorative dentistry. “Infiltration resin” is the specialty restorative material for the technology, which is the key factor to success. The specialized restorative material is commonly known as “infiltrant/infiltration resins” “resins infiltrant” “infiltrant” or “resins,” which will be consistently referred to as “infiltration resins” throughout the article. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of infiltration resins by introducing the development of their therapeutic mechanisms, basic components, current challenges, and future trends, Based on existing literature, we analyze and compare how changes in the base monomer's structure and ratio affect the effectiveness of infiltration resins, from the material's structure‐effective relationship. After compiling the information, the existing solution strategies have been listed to offer substantial support and guidance for future research endeavors.
Probing the Propeller Regime With Wide Neutron Star Binaries
Authors: Afonina M. D. , Popov S. B.
Published: October 2024

We model the duration of the propeller stage in wide binary systems with neutron stars and calculate the time of accretion onset for various propeller models. We apply our modeling to the symbiotic X‐ray binary SWIFT J0850.8‐4219. Unless a propeller with a very slow spin‐down is operating, it is very improbable to find a system similar to SWIFT J0850.8‐4219 at the propeller stage. Then we model the evolution of a neutron star in a binary with a solar‐like companion. We calculate for which orbital separations and magnetic fields a neutron star can start to accrete while the companion is still on the Main sequence. We demonstrate that for the magnetic field G neutron stars at the orbital separation AU do not reach the propeller stage. In the case of a slow propeller spin‐down, neutron stars never start to accrete. For the more rapid propeller spin‐down, a neutron star can start to accrete or spend a long time at the propeller stage depending on the parameters.
Optimierung des Verfahrens zur Einflusslinienberechnung aus Messdaten
Authors: Oberwestberg Mattis , Pitters Sarah , Flack Christian , Niebuhr Peter Lothar , Wüchner Roland
Published: October 2024

Im Rahmen der messwertgestützten Nachrechnung von Eisenbahnbrücken in Stahlbauweise wird für die Ermittlung der Tragwerksbeanspruchung die Berechnung von Einflusslinien infolge der Überfahrt eines Belastungsfahrzeugs verwendet. Das gängige Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Einflusslinien aus Messdaten ist das Verfahren nach Braune, welches die Einflusslinie schrittweise aus den Messdaten errechnet. In diesem Aufsatz wird mit dem Matrixverfahren ein alternatives Verfahren zur Einflusslinienermittlung erläutert und mit dem Verfahren nach Braune verglichen. Dazu wurden unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Ergebnisqualität der Einflusslinien anhand von künstlichen, am statischen Modell der Eisenbahnüberführung Norderelbe generierten Dehnungslinien untersucht und unter Verwendung von im Zuge der Nachrechnung der Brücke gewonnenen Messdaten validiert. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass das Matrixverfahren eine robuste Methode zur Ermittlung von Einflusslinien darstellt und der Arbeitsaufwand im Vergleich zu dem Verfahren nach Braune reduziert werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist das Matrixverfahren flexibel in den bestehenden Arbeitsprozess der Einflusslinienermittlung integrierbar.
Binding of a Drug (Colchicine) to L‐Asparaginase Enzyme Using Multispectroscopic, Thermodynamics, and Simulation Studies: Possible Implication in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment
Authors: Abdullah Ejlal Mohamed , Ataya Farid Shokry , Rehman Md. Tabish , Arshad Mohammed , Al Kheraif Abdul Aziz , Al‐twaijry Nojood , Alshammari Atekah Hazza , AlAjmi Mohammad F. , Alokail Majed S. , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz
Published: October 2024

The research aims to elucidate how drug interactions affect the activity of L‐asparaginase (L‐ASNase), an essential enzyme in cancer treatment, especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing treatment effectiveness and reducing adverse effects. This study explores the intricate molecular interactions and structural dynamics of L‐ASNase upon binding with colchicine. Fluorescence quenching experiments were conducted at various temperatures (298, 303, and 310 K), revealing notable interactions between L‐ASNase and colchicine. These interactions were characterized by a reduction in fluorescence intensity and a blue shift in emission maxima. Additional analyses, including the determination of Stern–Volmer quenching constants (KSV), bimolecular quenching rate constants (kq), and thermodynamic parameters, indicated a static quenching mechanism with moderate binding affinities (Ka: 1.40–2.71 × 104 M−1) across different temperatures. Thermodynamic study suggested positive enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔH° = −10.26 kcal mol−1; ΔS° = −14.19 cal mol−1 K−1), suggesting a spontaneous reaction with negative ΔG° values (−5.86 to −6.03 kcal mol−1). FRET measurements supported optimal distances (r and Ro) for FRET occurrence, reinforcing the static quenching mechanism. Molecular docking further supported these findings, revealing a 1:1 stoichiometric binding ratio for L‐ASNase:colchicine and elucidating specific binding orientations and interactions critical for complex stability. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations spanning 100 ns underscored the stability of the L‐ASNase–colchicine complex, with minimal deviations observed in key structural parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA. Additionally, spectroscopic analyses, including circular dichroism (CD), synchronous fluorescence, and 3D fluorescence provided insights into the conformational changes and alterations in the microenvironment of aromatic amino acid residues in L‐ASNase upon colchicine binding. Moreover, L‐ASNase activity was slightly reduced by 25% in the presence of colchicine. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on the molecular intricacies of the L‐ASNase–colchicine complex, advancing our understanding of drug–target interactions and offering potential avenues for therapeutic applications.
Fluorescent Microscopy Investigation of Cytotoxic Impact on MCF‐7 Cell Line Treated With Zinc Nanoparticles Synthesized From Jania rubens
Authors: Rajasekaran Duraisamy , Sathishkumar Pomman , Neelakandan Mani , Revathi Kannan , Kumar Jothi Vinoth , Srinivasan P. , Devanesan Sandhanasamy , Selvamaleeswaran Ponnusamy
Published: October 2024

Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) are a viable option in a number of disciplines, including cancer treatment, due to their special features. Among the several techniques for synthesizing ZnNP, biosynthesis with natural extracts is a highly effective and environmentally benign method, especially for uses in biomedicine. Using an aqueous extract of the marine red seaweed Jania rubens, we created a unique biosynthetic technique in this study to manufacture ZnNPs. The produced ZnNPs have a characteristic flower‐like form, as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effective production of ZnNPs and the involvement of biomolecules in the synthesis process were validated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Using the MTT assay, the cytotoxic effects of the biosynthesized ZnNPs were evaluated, indicating their ability to inhibit MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, ZnNPs' cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 cells was validated by live/dead imaging experiments, which supported the MTT results.
Beyond aroma: A sustainability performance analysis of Italian coffee roasting companies
Authors: Triachini Sara , Giannini Francesca Romana , Bramanti Valentina , Gubelli Stella , Capri Ettore
Published: October 2024

Coffee consumption is becoming increasingly prevalent among a growing number of consumers worldwide. Despite ranking seventh in coffee consumption, Italy is the global coffee export leader, with almost 1000 coffee roasting companies across the country. As a product subject to increasing interest in sustainability, numerous studies address the economic, social and environmental challenges affecting coffee production. However, only a few evaluate the sustainability performance of roasting companies in consuming countries. This study examines the integration of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in business strategy to provide an overview of sustainability performance among Italian roasting companies. The analysis encompasses 78 sustainability practices across 49 businesses and assesses their communication to stakeholders. Furthermore, factors such as company size and specialty coffee sale were investigated for their influence on sustainability performance. The findings reveal a low commitment to sustainability within the Italian coffee sector, with 83.7% of companies in the first two stages of the five‐stage CSR assessment model. Although there is an interest in addressing product safety, quality, and consumer relations, responsible sourcing is often relegated to suppliers or voluntary sustainability standards. Communication is not effective, as more than half of the companies did not provide sustainability information on their websites. In this sample, the commitment to sustainability was directly related to the size of the business, and the same relationship was observed for roasters selling specialty coffees.
Psychological Ownership of Avatars in the Metaverse: Its Key Antecedents and Outcomes
Authors: Park Jinsu , Kim Hye‐Young
Published: October 2024

This study developed and tested a model exploring the antecedents and outcomes of psychological ownership of avatars in the metaverse, considering the moderating role of virtual currency acquisition methods. Using data from 252 ZEPETO users and Partial Least Square‐Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM), the study found that the ability to control, intimate knowledge, and invest in self significantly enhances psychological ownership of avatars, which extends to virtual products. Notably, the reward system (versus direct purchase) for acquiring virtual currency amplified this ownership extension, and the transference of psychological ownership from avatars to virtual products significantly influenced the intention to purchase corresponding real‐world products. The study underscores the interplay between virtual and real‐world dynamics, highlighting the impact of digital activities on real‐world consumer behavior.
Analyzing User Reviews on Digital Detox Apps: A Text Mining and Sentiment Analysis Approach
Authors: Khan Nazar Fatima , Khan Mohammed Naved
Published: October 2024

Due to the growing concerns around problematic smartphone use and its negative impact, there is a rising interest in digital detox. While many digital detox apps have been developed in recent years, there is still limited understanding of the long‐term effectiveness of digital detox applications and the attitude of people towards these apps. This study fills this gap by identifying the topics that people post in their reviews on the Google Play Store about digital detox apps and the emotion‐based sentiment of those reviews. A total of 3500 reviews of 25 digital detox apps were collected from the Google Play Store using a scraping tool called “Parsehub.” Data was analyzed using R studio. Sentiment analysis results suggest that positive sentiments dominated the data frame. “Trust” and “anticipation” were the two most expressed emotions in the reviews. Regression analysis confirmed that sentiment scores could explain the ratings of the apps. Through LDA topic modeling four major topics of the reviews were identified and are discussed in detail in the later section of the research paper. The findings of this study may help app developers and marketers improve digital detox apps so that people can learn and practice mindful smartphone use with the help of these apps. This study fills a gap in digital detox research by adopting a new methodological approach and procedure since it combines text mining, sentiment analysis (NRC Lexicon using Syuzhet package), regression analysis, and LDA topic modeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which uses this research approach in the context of digital detox apps.
Copper Nanoclusters Imparted Metalloporphyrin Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Qian , Feng Bangli , Rong Yan , Pan Danxuan , Ye Mingfu , Xin Zhifeng , Chen Yifa
Published: October 2024

Strategies that can introduce catalytic auxiliary into electrocatalysts to boost the performance of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are meaningful in exploring hybrid electrocatalytic systems. Here, a series of hybrid electrocatalysts (Cu NCs@MOF‐545‐M, M=Fe, Co and Ni) have been prepared by assembly Cu NCs with MOF‐545‐M (M=Fe, Co and Ni) and successfully applied in electrocatalytic CO2RR. In the obtained MOF‐545‐M (M=Fe, Co and Ni), the integration of Cu NCs with MOF‐545‐M (M=Fe, Co and Ni) can create a hybrid electrocatalytic system that enhances the charge transfer efficiency and electrocatalytic CO2RR activity. Specifically, the optimal Cu NCs@MOF‐545‐Co presents remarkable FECO over a wide potential range (−0.7 V to −1.0 V), high CO generation rate (8.2 mol m−2 h−1) and excellent maximum energy efficiency (69 %, −0.7 V), which is superior to Cu NCs and MOF‐545‐Co, and represented to be one of the best performances to date. This work demonstrates a facile approach to significantly improve the FECO by loading metal nanoclusters into MOFs, providing a valuable reference for future studies on hybridization strategies to enhance the performance of electrocatalysts.
Labor oder Atelier
Authors: Gerhartz Wolfgang , Offermanns Heribert
Published: October 2024

Chemiker haben ein ganz spezielles Verhältnis zu Farben. Sie ermittelten die Struktur von natürlichen Farbstoffen, entwickelten Totalsynthesen für sie, z.B. Indigo, erfanden neue Farbstoffe, z.B. Berliner Blau oder Phthalocyanine ohne Vorbild in der Natur, und erarbeiteten Färbeverfahren. In der Analytik schufen sie Farbreaktionen. Den theoretischen Unterbau zur Erfassung, Verarbeitung, Ein‐ und Zuordnung von Farbphänomenen und Farbprinzipien (Einfärbeprinzipien) erforschten viele bedeutende Naturwissenschaftler und schufen Farbenlehren. Die Krönung der Liebe zu den Farben ist, wenn Chemiker ihr Labor auf Zeit oder auf Dauer verlassen, um in einem Atelier oder der freien Natur zu malen: Teil 1 „Chemiker und Maler“ (Chem. unserer Zeit 2023, 57 (1), 2). Viele Chemiker haben sich auch als Kunstsammler profiliert und bedeutende Sammlungen zusammengetragen: Teil 2: Chemiker und Kunstsammler.
Characterization of Opioid Agonist Morphine Derivatives with Emphasis on Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Malik Alaa , Hosztafi Sándor , Vincze Anna , Marton András , Kraszni Márta , Balogh György T. , Noszál Béla , Mazák Károly
Published: October 2024

Relieving severe pains is an unmet medical need, in which opioids are of prime importance and in the focus of pharmaceutical companies. The objective of this study is to characterize the physicochemical properties, namely basicity, lipophilicity and permeability of thirty opioid ligands, which include eleven newly synthesized compounds. pH‐potentiometry and the shake‐flask method were used for the characterization of species‐specific basicity and lipophilicity. The effective permeability was determined using a brain‐specific parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Structural modifications, namely O‐methylation in position 3, isomerization in position 6, saturation of the double bond in position 7, 14‐hydroxylation, and the substitution of N‐(β‐phenylethyl) and N‐cyclobutylmethyl side chains all have various effects on these physicochemical properties, and these are explained and compared to computationally predicted values. Computational predictions inadequately capture hydrogen bond formation with the tertiary amino group in case of 14‐hydroxylation, just as the effects of hydroxy oxidation at position 6 and N‐methyl substitution with N‐(β‐phenylethyl). The relationship between lipophilicity, permeability and potency is presented by lipophilic efficiency plots that reveal the most promising compounds. This study emphasizes the importance of experimental determination of these essential physicochemical parameters, furthermore, it can contribute to a more thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties.