bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploitation and prevention of Python prototype chain pollution
Authors: Qingyun Zhang
Published: February 2024

As more and more enterprises and organizations migrate their business infrastructure to the internet, the significance of software security vulnerabilities becomes increasingly prominent. Python, as a flexible and efficient programming language, plays a crucial role in web application development. Consequently, research on its security is imperative. In recent years, researchers have explored Python prototype chain pollution vulnerabilities. This paper aims to further investigate the exploitation of prototype chain pollution in Python and provide an explanation of pollution prevention. The paper will introduce the working principles of the prototype chain, attack scenarios, and analyze the exploitation of prototype chain pollution in Python using experimental samples. Finally, the article will propose two possible defense measures to assist developers in better mitigating potential development risks and safeguarding cyberspace security.
Exploring key modules in lane detection through comparing two updated models
Authors: Xu Haoxiang , Xu Yushuo , Shen Skye
Published: February 2024

Lane detection is significant in the digital navigation system of modern vehicles. It is vita in lane switching and route planning. We want to explore what modules are critical in lane detection. In this work, we choose two representative models, Cross Layer Refinement Network (CLRNet) and Ultra Fast Lane Detector version 2 (UFLD-v2), for comparison, aiming at evaluating their performance and finding out what determines their performance or why they perform well. The first one is a top-down model while another is a bottom-top model, which represents they are built through different ideas. We use two common datasets, CULane and TuSimple, to train, validate, and test them. The experiment results are divided into quantitative results and qualitative results, by which we can conclude that global learning capability and immunity to interference are indispensable.
Computer vision enhanced lightweight system for interface automation (CELSIA)
Authors: Fan Chengjui
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to automatically detecting and interacting with contours on desktop screenshots and managing and generating responses for a chat application using a database of past messages. Our system uses machine learning techniques to classify regions of interest (ROIs) within the screenshot and generate color-coded visualizations of the detected contours. This program is a base for letting programs understand which part on the screen means what and can help hint at what kind of contour the program is encountering. Additionally, the approach uses natural language processing techniques such as the transformers library and annoy to extract keywords from messages and build an index for efficient searching and retrieval of relevant messages. By building the library for running the program on an individual sequential language processor, we are able to perform automatic interface automation when details including position and information of the page are given on any device. However, concluded from the experiences, it requires more optimization to ensure the program can run as lightweight to portable laptop chips. Half the load of all the detecting systems decreases the processing speed and the accuracy of the program at the start of the experiment. While a full load experiment is not performed in this research without manual assisting, we predicted and concluded from our current data that it is possible to do so by using the same code structure as now.
Cryptography and DRM: A study of digital copyright protection in the gaming industry
Authors: Shen Yixiang
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the role of cryptography and encryption technology in developing digital rights management (DRM) in the gaming industry. DRM aims to protect the rights of creators by preventing unauthorized copying and distribution of digital media. Cryptography plays a crucial role in DRM, ensuring the privacy, authenticity, and integrity of data. The early stages of game DRM involved physical disc methods, such as unique disc characteristics and online activation. However, these methods faced challenges such as compatibility issues and unauthorized copying. Modern DRM technologies combine advanced encryption techniques with account-binding mechanisms, requiring users to activate and access game content on specific accounts. Cryptography plays a key role in DRM by encrypting game data into unreadable formats, ensuring that only users with valid decryption keys can access the content, and ensuring secure distribution and consumption of digital content. The paper also discusses third-party DRM technologies, such as Denuvo, which employ strong encryption and obfuscation methods. However, third-party DRM may impact performance, inconvenience users, and lead to compatibility issues. The paper emphasizes the necessity of continually refining DRM technologies to balance copyright protection and consumer rights in the evolving gaming industry.
Multilingual sentiment analysis during the pandemic using deep learning models
Authors: Chang Yichen
Published: February 2024

High mood swings and increased mortality with the COVID-19 outbreak, mood changes are a concern. COVID-19 is extremely contagious, and by December 20, 2021, the global death toll from COVID-19 exceeded 5.35 million. Under such circumstances, people changed their original way of life and isolated themselves from home to work online. Most people in this situation expressed their emotions through social media. In order to understand the changes of people's emotions during the pandemic, this research analyzed the emotions of people's messages posted on social media in different countries through the SenWave dataset by different deep learning models. The dataset contains 6 languages (English, Arabic, Spanish, French, Italian and Chinese) with more than 70,000 tweets, in this paper, only tweets collected from Twitter are concerned, which contains 11 labels. The dataset will be preprocessed and transferred into numerical vector, then TextCNN, BERT, and BERT-TextCNN models are implemented for the above problems. BERT model reached 0.69 and 0.53 on precision and recall respectively on Twitter dataset.
Research on machine learning technology with privacy protection strategy in recommendation field
Authors: Han Yuchen
Published: February 2024

Technologies such as machine learning can achieve accurate personalized recommendations. However, due to the collection and utilization of a large amount of user information in this process, people are widely worried about data security and privacy issues. This paper first introduces two key issues of privacy protection in the field of machine learning, namely data privacy and model privacy. On this basis, this paper introduces and analyzes homomorphic encryption, differential privacy and federated learning, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Among them, homomorphic encryption technology has a large computational cost, differential privacy technology has a negative impact on system accuracy, and federated learning technology has a high training and communication cost. Therefore, it will be the future research direction to study more efficient and accurate recommendation models.
Single-loss hash image retrieval method based on improved visual transformer
Authors: Pei Huanjie , Wang Zhijie
Published: February 2024

Deep hashing methods have gained popularity in image retrieval due to their advantages such as low storage requirements and high efficiency. However, existing deep hashing methods for large-scale image retrieval tasks suffer from issues including low discriminative power of binary hash codes, difficult optimization of losses, and low retrieval accuracy. This paper proposes a single-loss hash image retrieval method based on an improved visual transformer to address these issues. The proposed method utilizes a pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) on ImageNet as the backbone network, augmented with a hash coding layer to extract image features more comprehensively. Additionally, we design a single learning objective loss function that addresses the discriminative power of hash codes and quantization errors, thereby eliminating the complexity of adjusting various loss weights. Experimental evaluations on ImageNet100, NUS-WIDE, CIFAR10, and MS-COCO datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to contemporary methods, indicating its adaptability to diverse data.
A review of time-memory trade-off techniques
Authors: Teng Liu
Published: February 2024

This paper delves into the discussion of time-memory trade-off techniques in the field of cryptanalysis. The method was initially introduced by Hellman in 1980, subsequently, DP trade-off, rainbow trade-off, and checkpoint trade-off have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of cryptographic attacks. This paper elaborates on the concept of rainbow trade-off and their variants and presents optimizations in terms of storage and runtime speed for time-memory trade--off methods. Ingenious storage optimization significantly reduces the storage overhead of pre-computed tables, and the rapid advancement of implementation platforms achieves speed optimization for the online phase. Through these optimization measures, time-memory trade-off methods exhibit even more remarkable performance in practical applications. For researchers and practitioners in the field of cryptography, the content of this paper provides valuable references and insights for their work.
Large language models capsule: A research analysis of In-Context Learning (ICL) and Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods
Authors: Wu Haokun
Published: February 2024

In the context of natural language processing (NLP), this paper addresses the growing need for efficient adaptation techniques for pre-trained language models. It begins by summarizing the current landscape of NLP, highlighting the challenges associated with fine-tuning large language models like BERT and Transformer. The paper then introduces and analyzes three categories of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approaches, namely, In-Context Learning (ICL)-inspired Fine-Tuning, Low-Rank Adaptation PEFTs (LoRA), and Activation-based PEFTs. Within these categories, it explores techniques such as prefix-tuning, prompt tuning, (IA)3, and LoRA, shedding light on their advantages and applications. Through a comprehensive examination, this paper concludes by emphasizing the interplay between performance, parameter efficiency, and adaptability in the context of NLP models. It also provides insights into the future prospects of these techniques in advancing the field of NLP. To summarize, this paper offers a detailed analysis of PEFT methods and their potential to democratize access to cutting-edge NLP capabilities, paving the way for more efficient model adaptation in various applications.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Students’ Business Writing Skills
Authors: Shruthi R. , Kumar R.Udhaya , Abinaya K. , Rajeswari A. , Savitha K.
Published: February 2024

Writing skill is one of the four cornerstone skills in the process of learning and using English. The purpose of the study was to investigate the major cause of students’ business writing difficulties and to find out best solution to enhance their business writing skills. This research has utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the challenges that undergraduate students at Nazareth Art and Science College. Two hundred Nazareth Art and Science College students participated in this survey. Primary data was gathered by survey questionnaires administered to a random sample of 200 students and classroom observation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey data. The findings of this study reveal that various hurdles were encountered by the students in their business writing. Challenges such as limited vocabulary, lack of grammar knowledge, lack of practice and traditional teaching method all contribute to the difficulties of students’ business writing. Classroom observation data also reveals that students have trouble with vocabulary, grammar, and practice and teaching method. It is suggested that the current study's scope be broadened to include students from a variety of universities in order to get to the heart of the difficulties associated with business writing. It is anticipated that the current research would persuade university professors to give business writing the same level of consideration as other pedagogical focuses.
Critical Discourse Analysis of Biden's Speech on the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan
Authors: Mohammad Hani Mohammad Amin
Published: February 2024

The study analyses Vice President Joe Biden's address to the UN General Assembly on the United States' departure from Afghanistan. The study uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze the speech's language and rhetoric to reveal the hidden ideologies and beliefs that informed its development. The dynamic interplay between rhetoric and policy decisions and their broader ramifications in international relations and domestic understanding is the primary focus of this inquiry. Our research places the exact wording, words, and rhetorical methods against more extensive historical, geopolitical, and societal backgrounds. This research provides important insights into the complex interaction between political rhetoric, public perception, and policy repercussions by bridging these concepts with real-world effects. Especially for major foreign policy decisions, the findings illuminate how political narratives, when appropriately analyzed, disclose deeper levels of intention, rationale, and global strategy.
Porosidades claricianas: intertextualidade e interdiscurso no filme “O livro dos prazeres”
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Pacífico Soraya Maria Romano
Published: February 2024

A adaptação de uma obra literária para o cinema não se refere apenas à transposição dos elementos do texto escrito para a linguagem fílmica, mas pode dialogar com inscrições anteriores, indiciando um movimento intertextual. É o que ocorre com a obra de Clarice Lispector em uma de suas adaptações para o cinema. A partir da análise do discurso pecheutiana, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar os movimentos intertextuais e interdiscursivos no filme “O livro dos prazeres”, dirigido por Marcela Lordy, em 2020, livre adaptação da obra de Lispector, “Uma aprendizagem ou O livro dos prazeres”, publicada originalmente em 1969. Assim, o conceito de interdiscurso possibilita uma compreensão desse processo para além da presença de um texto em outro, como apreendido pela intertextualidade. O fio interdiscursivo, no filme, possibilita a recuperação de uma memória discursiva que permite a essa adaptação fazer sentido, ampliando as possibilidades interpretativas para além do tradicional sentido de adaptação da literatura para o cinema.
Growing Coffea canephora in agroforestry systems with Brazilian firetree, Brazil nut, and teak
Authors: Bezerra Sirlene Brasil de Oliveira , Araújo Larissa Fatarelli Bento de , Costa Rogerio Sebastião Correa da , Souza Victor Ferreira de , Rocha Rodrigo Barros , Campanharo Marcela , Espindula Marcelo Curitiba
Published: February 2024

Planting coffee in agroforestry systems (AFSs) provides diverse advantages to farmers interested in producing environmental services, such as increased local biodiversity, reduction in soil erosion, improvement in water infiltration into the soil, and regulation of climate extremes. It can also be economically attractive due to the possibility of serving alternative markets that have higher and more stable prices for coffees integrated into alternative systems and the generation of products complementary to coffee. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different planting densities of three forest species on the composition of AFSs with coffee plants under the conditions of the southwestern Amazon region. The study was conducted from November 2014 to June 2021 in the experimental field of Embrapa in Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO, Brazil. The coffee plants were intercropped with three forest species: i) Brazilian firetree (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum), ii) Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), and iii) teak (Tectona grandis). The treatments used in each experiment were four plant densities of plants: zero (coffee plants only, in full sun), 111 plants ha−1 (10 × 9 m), 222 plants ha−1 (10 × 4.5 m), and 444 plants ha−1 (5 × 4.5 m). The experiments were conducted in a split-plot arrangement, with plots consisting of plant densities and subplots consisting of harvest periods (crop seasons). The experimental design was completely randomized, with nine replications. The part of the plot used for data collection consisted of one planted row with 12 coffee plants. The average and accumulated productivities of coffe plants were evaluated over five harvests (2017-2021). Afforestation of the coffee field with Brazilian firetree plants reduces the mean yield and cumulative yield of C. canephora ‘Conilon’ in the first five commercial crop years. Brazil nut and teak planted at densities of up to 222 trees per hectare did not lead to a reduction in the mean and cumulative yield of coffee plants.
Analysis of the effectiveness of object coordinates estimation in WSN using the RSS method
Authors: Parfenov Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: February 2024

The methods of estimating the coordinates of sensor nodes based on the measurements made at the “anchor” nodes are widely used in WSNs. In particular, such methods include the RSS method, which is based on measuring the power of signals coming from sensors. The article shows that a similar method can be used for estimating the coordinates of an observation object in the WSN. The efficiency of measuring the coordinates of such an object in the presence of power measurement errors is analyzed. The conditions for increasing this efficiency have been identified. It is shown that the estimation is biased, but the magnitude of the bias is practically independent of the observational conditions and, therefore, can be easily compensated.
Clinical pattern and outcome of hematuria in children – A prospective follow-up study from South India
Authors: Jaleel Shermin
Published: February 2024

Background: Hematuria is defined by the presence of an increased number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine. It can be visible or apparent only on microscopic analysis of urine which many times is an incidental finding. The prevalence of microscopic hematuria is 4–5% in routine clinical practice in children of 6–12 years of age. The pediatrician is the first person who comes in contact with children having microscopic or gross hematuria. Updated knowledge of clinical patterns and their outcomes will help improve the management of children with hematuria.

Aim and Objective: The aim and objectives are to study the outcome of hematuria in children attending SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.

Materials and Methods: This is a prospective follow-up study of 100 children admitted with hematuria in our hospital whose ages were between 1 month and 12 years. A preformed and piloted questionnaire was used. Clinical history and examinations were done. Relevant investigations and follow-up assessments were done for 1 year. Biopsy was done for 35 patients by an experienced pediatric nephrologist.

Results: Among the 100 children presented with hematuria, 24 had prior renal disease whereas 76 children did not have any pre-existing renal disease. Both were followed up for 1 year. 80% (45) of those without prior renal involvement cleared of hematuria by 1 year and 20% had persistent renal impairment. In the other group with prior renal problems, 75% (15) showed persistent renal problems. School-going children (57%) were mostly affected with female preponderance (30%). The most common etiology was acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (60%), and the next most common seems to be IgA nephropathy (23%) followed by SLE (17%)

Conclusion: Eighty percent of hematuria was found to be resolved completely after 1 year. The remaining 20% has to be carefully evaluated including renal biopsy when indicated. This will help the clinician to provide better care for sick babies with hematuria.
Evaluation of cardiovascular drugs in medical intensive care unit patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Bhataia Sneha , Kumar Mahesh
Published: February 2024

Background: Nowadays, due to various factors such as stress, the number of patients suffering from cardiovascular disease particularly acute attacks of myocardial infarction (MI) and other CVS conditions is increasing. As the number of patients with CVS disease increases, the evaluation of various CVS drugs used in intensive care unit plays a very important role in improving the rationality of prescription as well as the quality of treatment.

Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives are to study the various cardiovascular drugs prescribed for patients admitted in the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Materials and Methods: It was a prospective and observational study conducted from August 2021 to March 2023. The required data were obtained from the patient’s prescription after obtaining consent. The prior permission was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of the college.

Results: Nine hundred and thirty-six patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were studied. Among 936, 217 patients suffered from CVS disorders. 916 CVS drugs including antihypertensive drugs were prescribed for patients. Diabetes (26.40%) is the most common comorbidity found. Around 50.23% of patients were of MI. Noradrenaline (10.89%), atorvastatin (1.089%), furosemide (9.83%), and aspirin (6.30%) were the most commonly prescribed medications among inotropes, hypolipidemic, diuretics, and anti-platelet groups, respectively.

Conclusion: After studying the various aspects, it was concluded that the cardiovascular health of the people in general is at stake of risk which may be due to lifestyle, stress, etc. The pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be conducted so that rational prescribing practices can be promoted.
The ameliorative role of Aloe vera-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus induced acute lung injury: Targeting TLR/ NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Emam Mahran , Demerdash Azza , Abdo Samar , Elfatah Eman , Sayed Marwa , Qelliny Milad , Eldin Zienab , Shehata Ayman
Published: February 2024

Background:
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition distinguished by inflammation and impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Staphylococcus Aureus, a common bacterium, can cause ALI through its virulence factors. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of illnesses due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Chitosan nanoparticles is biocompatible and totally biodegradable material have shown potential in drug delivery systems.
Aim:
To explore antibacterial activity of Aloe vera-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (AV-CS-NPs) against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo with advanced techniques.
Methods:
The antibacterial efficacy of AV-CS-NPs was evaluated through a broth microdilution assay. Additionally, the impact of AV-CS-NPs on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced ALI in rats was examined by analyzing the expression of genes linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Furthermore, rat lung tissue was scanned histologically. The rats were divided into three groups: control, ALI, and treatment with AV-CS-NPs.
Results:
The AV-CS-NPs that were prepared exhibited clustered semispherical and spherical forms, having an average particle size of approximately 60 nm. These nanoparticles displayed a diverse structure with an uneven distribution of particle sizes. The maximum entrapment efficiency of 95.5%±1.25 was achieved. The obtained findings revealed that The MIC and MBC values were determined to be 5 and 10 ug/mL, respectively, indicating the potent bactericidal effect of the nanoparticles. Also, S. aureus infected rats explored upregulation in the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 compared to healthy control groups. AV-CS-NPs treatment reverses the case where there was repression in mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 compared to S. aureus-treated rats.
Conclusion:
These nanoparticles can serve as potential candidates for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents.
A SAÚDE MENTAL DE MULHERES EM SITUAÇÃO DE VIOLÊNCIA POR PARCEIRO ÍNTIMO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: De Freitas Natália Rezende , Machado Dinair Ferreira
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: identificar a associação entre problemas de saúde mental e a violência contra a mulher por parceiro íntimo. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que buscou estudos nas seguintes bases de dados: Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes descritores combinados com operadores booleanos AND e OR: Violência contra a Mulher OR Violence Against Women OR Violencia contra la Mujer OR Violence Contre les Femmes; Depressão OR Depression OR Depresión; Ansiedade OR Anxiety OR Ansiedad; Transtornos Mentais OR Mental Disorders OR Trastornos Mentales. Resultados: Após a leitura crítica dos estudos, revelou-se três categorias de análise temática: 1) Complicações da violência contra a mulher na saúde mental das vítimas; 2) A violência contra a mulher como potencializadora de tentativas e ideações suicidas; 3) Violência contra a mulher durante a gestação: correlações com a depressão no pós-parto. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que situações de violência surtem efeitos nocivos na saúde mental de mulheres vitimadas pelos parceiros íntimos.
Racionalización post-taylorista y las investigaciones de trabajo en la sociología alemana del trabajo desde la mitad de la década de los noventa
Authors: Mickler Otfried
Published: February 2024

La sociología de trabajo alemana nos revela el cambio que ocurre en la actualidad en laorganización de la industria alemana bajo las principales ideas de producción enjuta. En lo queconcierne a los trabajadores de fábrica, la existencia de una fuerte desigualdad en la distribuciónde carácterísticas importantes de las situaciones de trabajo se hace patente. Aunque notablesgrupos de empleados pueden considerarse como ganadores de la reestructuración, para la mayoríade trabajadores no especializados, las condiciones de trabajo poco favorables que soportan nohan cambiado en gran medida. A pesar de que se podría lograr una mejoría en las condiciones detrabajo a través del trabajo en grupo organizado entre ellos mismos, dicha mejoría no podríaextenderse sin un fuerte compromiso político por parte de las empresas y de los representantessindicales. Aparentemente, y en la actualidad, este tipo de avance se encuentra únicamente en unnúmero muy reducido de empresas. Esto se debe a la fuerte competencia experimentada en elmercado mundial, que da lugar a presiones de altos costes en las empresas, además de afectar lastasas de desempleo ya altas y debilitar en gran medida la fuerza en el negocio respecto de losempleados y sus representantes sindicales.
El cine desde la perspectiva de la Ciencia Política
Authors: Trenzado Romero Manuel
Published: February 2024

La cultura de masas es probablemente uno de los fenómenos peculiares más importantes delsiglo XX que menos atención han recibido desde la perspectiva de la Ciencia Política. En este artículoindagamos en primer lugar en los motivos que han podido motivar este desinterés politológicopor la cultura de masas en general y, en particular, por el cine, uno de sus más claros exponentes.En el epígrafe segundo damos cuenta de la manera en que la disciplina de laComunicación Política, yendo más allá del paradigma dominante de la persuasión del votante, se haido abriendo en los últimos años al estudio de los discursos basados en la ficción y en el entretenimiento,centrándonos sobre todo en una revisión de la literatura anglosajona sobre estos temas. Enel último epígrafe hacemos un breve análisis del uso del cine por algunos movimientos sociales encuanto arma y lugar de contestación política, centrándonos básicamente en las relaciones entresocialismo, feminismo y cine. Consideramos que el estudio politológico de los discursos públicoscon los que se recrean las identidades colectivas y se construyen los universos políticos de la ciudadaníason un campo de estudio productivo. La creciente expansión de los enfoques de la teoría deldiscurso y de los Estudios Culturales en Ciencia Política parecen confirmar esta apertura académica.
Det mätbara arbetslivet i laboratoriet
Authors: Hansson Kristofer
Published: February 2024

Today’s publishing system with H-index and Impact Factors has made it easier to measure research productivity and working life in academia. This article investigates the consequences of this measurability and competition for PhD-students that work in a biomedical research group. The ethnographic material is interviews with seven Swedish PhD-students that were employed in various research groups at the same university. They were all women between 25 to 30 years old. The central questions for the article are how do the PhD-students relate to measurability and competition in working life? But the article also discusses what the PhD-students experiences can say about the measurable working life more generally? Those PhD-students that criticizes the measurability of the publishing system, also seems to create other experiences of the working life than those PhDstudents that accept the competition. For the latter group, the “entrepreneurial self ” can be used as a summary term describing the specific experiences developed within the scientific laboratory. The “entrepreneurial self ” is an individual that is future-oriented and constantly strives to do more to claim his or her position within the academia. Today’s publishing system risks preclude those individuals that are driven by other goals and visions.
Uji Aktivitas Diuretik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Prasman (Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl.) Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus Linn.)
Authors: Baco Juliana , Usratin Yustika , Ifaya Mus , Marsidin
Published: February 2024

Diuretik adalah obat yang bekerja pada ginjal untuk meningkatkan ekskresi air dan natrium klorida, contoh tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai obat diuretik adalah prasman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun prasman (Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl.) sebagai diuretik pada mencit jantan (Mus musculus Linn.) yang diinduksi NaCl. Pada penelitian ini sampel dibuat dalam sediaan ekstrak etanol dengan dosis 20 mg/kgBB, 40 mg/kgBB dan 80 mg/kgBB pada hewan uji mencit jantan (Mus musculus Linn.) sebanyak 15 ekor, dibagi dalam 5 kelompok tiap kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor mencit (Mus musculus Linn.), yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (Na-CMC), kelompok kontrol positif (Furosemide), kelompok ekstrak etanol dosis 20 mg/kgBB, 40 mg/kgBB dan 80 mg/kgBB. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji LSD. Dari hasil identifikasi kandungan kimia yang terdapat pada ekstrak etanol Daun Prasman (Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl.)positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, steroid dan saponin. Selanjutnya untuk pengujian diuretik ekstrak etanol Daun Prasman (Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl.)dengan dosis 20 mg/kgBB, 40 mg/kgBB dan 80 mg/kgBB memiliki aktivitas sebagai diuretik dengan rata-rata volume urin yaitu sebesar 3,87 mL, 2,57 mL dan 4,37 mL. Adapun saran dari penelitian ini yaitu perlu dilakukan penelitian efek diuretik dengan menggunakan dosis yang lebih tinggi dengan metode yang berbeda serta dilakukan uji toksisitas untuk menunjukan tingkat keamanan penggunaan ekstrak etanol Daun Prasman (Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl.) sebagai sediaan obat tradisional.
Aktivitas Gastroprotektif Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Semangka (Citrullus lanatus L.) Pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Aspirin
Authors: Hasiadin Alwi La Ode , Pusmarani Jastria , Juliansyah Putri Risky
Published: February 2024

Kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai gastroprotektif dengan kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid dan fenol yang diketahui dapat melindungi mukosa lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas gastroprotektif dan dosis efektif dari ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus L.) pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi aspirin.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik eksperimental. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Skrining metabolit sekunder terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, steroid dan triterpenoid. Desain hewan uji dibagi dalam 6 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberi Na.CMC 0,5%; kelompok kontrol positif diberi sukralfat dosis 500 mg/5 ml; kelompok kontrol induksi diberi aspirin dosis 1000 mg/kgBB; kelompok perlakuan diberi ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus L.) dengan dosis masing-masing 200, 400 dan 800 mg/kgBB. Metode analisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil uji aktivitas gastroprotektif terhadap tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang di induksi aspirin menunjukan nilai signifikan p = 0,005<0,05. Efek gastroprotektif ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus L.) menurut analisis data yang membandingkan skor lesi antara ekstrak dosis 400 mg/kgBB, 800 mg/kgBB dengan aspirin dosis 1000 mg/kgBB menunjukan nilai signifikan p = 0,037<0,05. Ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus L.) memiliki aktivitas gastroprotektif dengan dosis efektif 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi aspirin.
Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kadar Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar
Authors: Fratiwi Nuning , Saranani Selpirahmawati , Agastia Gayuh , Isrul Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Inflamasi adalah respon protektif normal terhadap luka jaringan yang disebabkan oleh trauma fisik yang dapat diobati dengan menggunakan obat antiinflamasi. Namun obat antiinflamasi dapat memberikan efek samping yang cukup serius. Karena banyaknya efek samping dari obat antiinflamasi, maka dikembangkan obat bahan alam dari tanaman sebagai antiinflamasi yaitu tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.). Chromolaena odorata L. memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder, salah satunya adalah senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) terhadap besarnya penurunan volume udem pada kaki tikus jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi karagenan menggunakan pletismometer dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) terhadap kadar interleukin 6 (IL-6) pada tikus jantan galur wistar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik laboratorium. Pengujian ini dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif Na-CMC 0,5%, kontrol positif deksametason 0,75 mg, dosis ekstrak 75 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB dan 125 mg/kgBB. Hewan coba diinduksi dengan karagenan 1%, Satu jam setelah inflamasi, hewan coba diberikan perlakuan menggunakan larutan uji sesuai kelompok masing-masing dan diambil plasma darahnya untuk dilakukan analisis kadar IL-6 pada ELISA Kit Reader.Dengan menggunakan metode ELISA kompetitif. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post-Hoc LSD. Hasil pengujian terhadap tikus menunjukkan bahwa secara signifikan ekstrak etanol Chromolaena odorata L. memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar interleukin 6 (IL-6) pada hewan uji yang mengalami inflamasi dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0,05) dan tidak jauh berbeda dengan kontrol positif (p>0,05).
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Anti Inflamasi Non Steroid (OAINS) pada Pasien Rheumatoid Arthritis Di Puskesmas Tondasi Kabupaten Muna Barat
Authors: Jaya Ayu , Tasnim  , Nova Noviyanti Wa Ode
Published: February 2024

Rasa sakit atau nyeri sendi menjadi penyebab gangguan aktivitas sehari-hari penderita. Hal ini mengundang penderita untuk segera mengatasinya dengan farmakoterapi ,fisioterapi atau pembedahan.obat AINS (Antiinflamasi Non Steroid) merupakanobat yang bekerja denganmeng hambat produksi prostaglandin serta digunakan untuk perawatan nyeriakut/ kronik, demam sertanyeri inflamasilainnya.Pada tahun 2019 Penyakit Rheumathoid Arthiritis termasuk dalam urutan ke-2 dari 20 daftar penyaki tterbesar dimuna barat. Data puskesmas tondasimenunjukan jumlah kasus penyakit Rheumthoid Arthiritis tergolong cukup tinggi. Pada tahun 2017 yaitu 364 kasus (37,57%), tahun 2018 yaitu 382 kasus (31,97%), dan tahun 2019 sebanyak 449 kasus (37,57%).Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan minum obat Antiinflamasi Non Steroid pada pasien rheumatoid arthiritis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional, jumlah populasi penelitian ini adalah 30 orang, sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling. metode analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square dan koefisien phi. Hasil uji Chi Square bahwa ada hubungan antara peran petugas farmasi dengan kepatuhan minum obat rheumatoid arthritis (x2 hitung 7,153 > x2 tabel 3,841), hasil uji Chi Square diketahui bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan responden dengan kepatuhan minum obat rheumathoid arthitis (x2 hitung 5,351 > x2 tabel 3,841), kemudian hasil uji Chi Square diketahui bahwa ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan minum obat rheumatoid arthritis  (x2 hitung 4,425 > x2 tabel 3,841). Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa dukungan keluarga, pengetahuan dan peran petugas mempunyai hubungan dengan kepatuhan minum obat dan memiliki keerata hubungan yang lemah. Saran bagi pelayanan kesehatan khususnya Puskesmas Tondasi dapat meningkatkan sosialisasi tentang obat Rheumatoid Arthritis kepada masyarakat, terutama masyarakat kurang mampu melalui penyuluhan secara berkala.
Identifikasi Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Pada Pasien Demam Tifoid Di RSUD Kota Kendari Periode Januari-Desember 2020
Authors: Salam Nurdian , Said Asbath , Ridwan Bai Athur
Published: February 2024

Drug Related Problems (DRPs) merupakan suatu masalah yang akan terjadi berkaitan dengan terapi obat yang sedang digunakan oleh penderita. Demam Tifoid merupakan infeksi akut yang terjadi pada saluran pencernaan yang disebabkan bakteri oleh Salmonella thypi. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan di RSUD kota kendari demam tifoid merupakan penyakit dengan tingkat kejadian terbanyak dari 10 penyakit infeksi utama yang setiap tahunnya meningkat prevalensinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kejadian Drug Related Problems (DRPs) berdasarkan kategori overdose, underdose, interaksi obat pada pasien, ada indikasi tidak ada obat, ada obat tidak ada indikasi, ketidakpatuhan pasien, reaksi obat yang tidak diharapkan,  pemilihan obat yang tidak tepat pada pasien demam tifoid di RSUD  kota kendari periode Januari – Desember 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif non eksperimental obervasi dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif pada rekam medik penderita demam tifoid yang menjalani pengobatan di RSUD Kota Kendari dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 20. Dari jumlah keseluruhan sampel yang melakukan pengobatan di RSUD kota kendari pada periode januari-desember 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat DRPs yang terjadi berdasarkan kategori interaksi obat sebanyak (33,33%), DRPs ada obat tidak ada indikasi sebanyak (33,33%), DRPs reaksi obat yang tidak diharapkan sebanyak (33,33%), Sedangkan pada kategori overdose, underdose, ada indikasi tidak ada obat, ketidakpatuhan pasien, pemilihan obat yang tidak tepat tidak ditemukan adanya kasus DRPs. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya peran yang maksimal dari farmasi klinik untuk monitoring dan mengevaluasi penggunaan obat pasien agar tidak terjadinya DRPs.
Evaluasi Rasionalitas Penggunaan Obat Antihiperlipidemia Di Puskesmas Bahodopi Kabupaten Morowali Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2019
Authors: Sari Winda , Ifaya Mus , Kadarman Achmad
Published: February 2024

Hiperlipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang berperan dalam pathogenesis penyakit kardiovaskular sebagai penyebab kematian terutama didunia. Salah satu kunci dari keberhasilan terapi pasien hiperlipidemia adalah rasionalitas dalam menggunakan obat. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan obat antihiperlipidemia dipuskesmas Bahodopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Data penelitian diperoleh dari data rekam medik dan resep pasien penderita hiperlipidemia pada tahun 2019. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah rekam medik dan resep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan obat antihiperlipidemia sudah tepat diagnosis dengan tingkat presentase 100%, sudah tepat indikasi dengan tingkat presentase 100%,sudah tepat dosis dengan tingkat presentase 92,16% dan sudah tepat cara pemberian dengan tingkat presentase 91,5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut penggunaan obat antihiperlipidemia secara rasional pada pasien penderita hiperlipidemia di puskesmas Bahodopi tahun 2019.
Evaluasi Rasionalitas Penggunaan Obat Antibiotik Di Puskesmas Liya Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun 2019
Authors: Wulan Indri , Saafi La Ode , Hasanudin Silviana
Published: February 2024

Antibiotik adalah suatu golongan obat yang digunakan untuk terapi pencegahan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri namun tidak efektif untuk melawan virus. Dalam rangka meningkatkan penggunaan obat yang aman dan efektif bagi pasien, farmasis memiliki peran penting terutama dalam mengevaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan obat antibiotik yang diberikan kepada pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan obat antibiotik di Puskesmas Liya Kec. Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kab. Wakatobi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian ini jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dari bulan oktober sampai desember 2019 yang berdasarkan melihat data rekam medik pasien. Evaluasi ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan data dengan literatur Dipiro dan Pharmaceutical Care. Hasil penelitian menunjukan evaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan obat antibiotik di Puskesmas Liya Kec. Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kab. Wakatobi Sulawesi Tenggara dengam mengambil 62 pasien pada kategori tepat indikasi 100%, tepat dosis 96,77%, tepat obat 93,55%, tepat pasien 100%.
Uji Aktifitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Biji Gorek (Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb.) Pada Mencit (Mus muscullus) Jantan Yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Husniati  , Hanafi La Ode Ali , Ridwan Bai Athur
Published: February 2024

Diabetes merupakan suatu penyakit metabolik yang diakibatkan oleh meningkatnya kadar glukosa atau gula darah. Salah satu tanaman yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes yaitu ekstrak biji gorek (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji khasiat ekstrak biji gorek (Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb.) terhadap potensi antidiabetes jika dibandingkan dengan glibenklamid pada mencit (Mus musculus) yang diinduksi aloksan.   Pada penelitian ini sampel diekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antidiabetes dengan subjek penelitian berupa mencit jantan (Mus musculus) sebanyak 15 ekor, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok tiap kelompor terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit (Mus musculus). Dimana masing-masing kelompoknya yaitu kelompok kontrol negative (Na-CMC), kelompok kontrol positif (glibenklamid), dan tiga kelompok ekstrak biji gorek dosis 400 mg/kgBB). Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dan menggunakan One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan LSD.             Hasil identifikasi kandungan kimia yang terdapat pada ekstrak biji gorek (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.) positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Selanjutnya untuk pengujian antidiabetes ekstrak biji gorek (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.) dengan dosis 400 mg/KgBB merupakan dosis yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes dengan rata-rata penurunan berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 144 mg/dL, 135 mg/dL, dan 129 mg/dL.
Pemodelan Farmakofor dan Skrining Virtual dari Database Senyawa Bahan Alam Sebagai Inhibitor Sars-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polimerase
Authors: Widyasari Ayuni Dhita , Nur Ramadhan La Ode Ahmad , Dewi Citra
Published: February 2024

Virus corona merupakan jenis virus yang dapat berjangkit pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh sindrom pernafasan akut (SARS-CoV-2). Dalam usaha penemuan obat baru dapat dilakukan dengan mengeksplorasi bahan alam aktif sebagai antivirus terus dilakukan.  Salah satu reseptor yang memiliki peran penting untuk mereplikasi virus adalah reseptor RNA-dependent RNA Polimerase. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas hit dari senyawa bahan alam terhadap inhibitor RNA-dependent RNA Polimerase sebagai obat virus corona. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan secara komputasi, metode pemodelan farmakofor berbasis struktur menggunakan LiganScout, skrining virtual menggunakan pharmit dan penambatan molekul menggunakan Autodock Tools dengan parameter penambatan dilihat berdasarkan nilai root mean squad deviation (RMSD) terendah. Kode reseptor RNA Polimerase yaitu (PDBID 7BV2), sedangkan ligan pembanding adalah remdesivir. Hasil penelitian pada validasi model farmakofor yaitu nilai AUC= 0,52 dengan total senyawa hit sebanyak 65, yang terdiri dari satu fitur negative ionizable, satu fitur H bond acceptor, dan satu fitur H bond donor. Penapisan berbasis farmakofor terhadap database coconut menghasilkan 7,211 senyawa hit. Hasil penambatan molekul menunjukkan bahwa senyawa CNP0441757 memiliki nilai binding energi bebas Gibbs (ΔG) yang lebih baik yaitu -3,77 kcal/mol dan konstanta inhibisi (Ki) 1,72 mM, dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa CNP0441757 memiliki nilai afinitas pengikatan yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan ligan alami, sedangkan analisis interaksi dilihat berdasarkan ikatan hidrogen, ikatan van der waals, dan ikatan hidrofobik.
Evaluasi Rasionalitas Penggunaan Obat Antituberkulosis di RSUD Kota Kendari Periode Januari-Desember 2020
Authors: Rahwandi Angga , Fety Yulli , Andi Zulbayu La ode Muhammad , Hasanuddin Silviana
Published: February 2024

Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular yang diakibatkan oleh basil Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah yang kompleks terkait aspek penyebab penyakit (bakteri), lingkungan (biologis) sebagai vektor penular, keberhasilan terapi sangat penting untuk mengurangi penularan dan angka kematian penyakit dengan menggunakan pengobatan obat tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan obat Anti-tuberkulosis (OAT) di RSUD Kota Kendari dengan mengetahui hubungan antara hasil tepat indikasi, tepat pengobatan, tepat dosis, tepat diagnosis, dan tepat pasien. Populasi atau obyek elemen dinyatakan sebagai penderita tuberkulosis paru berjumlah 77 orang, sementara jumlah penarikan sampel sebanyak 65 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pengambilan data secara retrospektif yang berdasarkan melihat data rekam medis pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukan evaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan obat antituberkulosis di RSUD Kota Kendari dengan mengambil 65 responden, antituberkulosis yang sering digunakan adalah golongan antibiotik, yaitu isoniazid 20%, rifampicin 40%, pirazinamid 13,33%, etambutol 6,66%. Hasil penelitian pada kategori tepat indikasi 100%, tepat obat 100%, tepat dosis 96,92%, tepat diagnosis 100%, tepat pasien 100%.