bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Audit: The Path to Global Survival
Authors: Vinten Gerald
Published: May 2006

The reconvening of the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (The “Earth Summit”) from 3 to 4 June 1992 in
Rio de Janeiro, preceded by a meeting of the Commissioners in London in
April, to debate “nothing less than the fate of the planet”,
emphasized the urgency of immediate action. Industry and commerce, as
well as the public sector, have a crucial role to play, and an effective
approach is to set up an environmental or green audit. Based on survey
interviews, provides reasons for corporate involvement in environmental
concerns. Lack of involvement will eventually be self‐defeating for
trade and industry. In addition, imposed legislation that will result
will be less favourable than organizations voluntarily putting their own
houses in order. Organizations can use their own specialized expertise
to reduce environmental uncertainty. Makes helpful suggestions as to the
nature and possible content of the green audit.
Doctors in Management: Two into One Won’t Go – Or
Will It? Part I
Authors: Harrison Rosemary , Miller Susan
Published: May 2006

Describes a three‐year collaborative initiative between Northern
Regional Health Authority and Durham University Business School which
seeks to help 24 clinical directors, already heavily burdened with
professional responsibilities, to assume quickly and perform effectively
in new strategic management roles. The programme, one of half‐a‐dozen
such joint projects across the UK, all different in design, won
substantial funding from the NHS Management Executive and is being
nationally evaluated by Middlesex Business School.
The Learning Organization: A Rover Perspective
Authors: Bower David G.
Published: May 2006

Relates the experience of Rover to models of a learning company.
Examines the work of the Rover Learning Business which allows employees
to receive support for development programmes of their choice.
The Code of Best Practice on Corporate Governance
Authors: Cadbury Adrian
Published: May 2006

Based on a conference speech, examines one of the recommendations
of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance
contained in the Cadbury Report. Discusses the four sections of the Code
of Practice – The Board of Directors, Non‐executive Directors,
Executive Directors and Reporting and Controls; also the issue of
compliance with the Code.
What Makes a Good Chairman and Why It Matters
Authors: Blakenham Viscount
Published: May 2006

Though the board as a whole is responsible for the company, and all
directors have equal obligations under the law, the chairman′s role has
become more prominent in the public perception in recent years. Chairmen
have to ensure the effective monitoring of the board and its
sub‐committees; that there is good information flow between directors,
managers and shareholders. Argues that chairmen need to achieve a
careful balance between setting appropriate company values and strategic
objectives, and not become too involved in operational management. The
question of the separation of powers of the chairman and chief executive
is not easy to resolve, and one possibility is the creation of a chief
operating officer. States that achieving a balance of power requires
strong, independent directors, who should be appointed by a rigorous set
of procedures. Independent directors can broaden the horizons of
companies if well‐selected. An emphasis on collegiate style and openness
assists the performance of the boards of major companies.
Mentoring Female Executives
Authors: Lahtinen Heli
Published: May 2006

Mentoring is an important process in executive development, which
facilitates more rapid career progress. Nearly two‐thirds of executives
have had a mentor at some stage. Women are more often excluded from
mentoring relationships. Describes the mentoring of female executives
and discusses the associated issues: whether the gender of the mentor
matters to the success of the mentoring process; whether having a mentor
is necessary for the success of female managers; and the drawbacks/
barriers to mentoring.
Executive Development
Authors: Storey John
Published: May 2006

Discusses the issue of management development for top management in
Britain. Derives insights from the Anglo‐Japanese management development
study at the University of Warwick. Underscores the strategic importance
of executive development. Contrasts the “motherhoods” with
the reality (and the problems) of executive development in Britain.
Points to some possible ways forward: top‐down, formal training;
bottom‐up, informal self‐development; and supported self‐development
mentoring and action learning.
Corporate Governance after Cadbury
Authors: Clarke Thomas
Published: May 2006

Discusses the background to the current concern over corporate
governance: the company legal and organizational structures inherited
from the nineteenth century; the structures of boards of directors; the
functions of boards; and recent corporate d\?\b\?\cles. Describes the
responsibilities of effective boards of directors, and compares the
British system with the way companies are administered in other
countries.
Executive Outplacement: The Victim’s View
Authors: Worthington Steve
Published: May 2006

Concerns the practice of “outplacement” as seen from
the perspective of the individual who is a client and not from the point
of view of the agency offering the outplacement counselling. The views
expressed and the information contained in the article will be of
interest to those who wish to consider outplacement as part of any
redundancy settlement. Besides discussing such outplacement issues as
the leaving story (or your version of why you left your job), the
curriculum vitae and how to assemble it, and the network of contacts and
how to use them, also considers how best to use your counsellor,
recruitment agencies and the wide range of other services that the
outplacement agency can offer.
Foreign Participation in Management Training in Poland: Are
the Benefits Worth the Cost?
Authors: Kasperson Conrad J. , Dobrzynski Marian
Published: May 2006

Transformation of the Polish economy has required management
education and training. The sudden shift to a market economy opened the
door to numerous training firms – not all of which had Poland′s
success as their primary motivation. Reviews these foreign‐built
training programmes and their strengths and weaknesses. Offers advice to
future training endeavours.
Ashridge: Shaping an Integrative Approach to Management
Development
Authors: Beddowes Peter , Wills Stefan
Published: May 2006

Proposes a framework for gaining a greater understanding of all
types of managerial learning which builds upon Gregory Bateson′s (1973)
notions of levels of learning. Goes on to discuss a major emergent
issue, which has implications for the everyday realities of course
content and design, namely a cyclical view of the learning process. As a
means of grounding theory in reality, concludes by exploring the
rudiments of a particular Ashridge course, which uses this framework
extensively to guide its development. Ultimately, the course is guided
by the notion of “individually tailored learning”.
Revitalizing a Mid‐sized Company through Executive
Education
Authors: Bowen William J.
Published: May 2006

In 1989, Reynolds and Reynolds ($600 million; Dayton, Ohio;
business forms and computer software company) launched an executive
education programme which has achieved excellent results. Being a family
controlled organization for a number of years, the new CEO saw the need
to clarify the strategic direction of the business, refocus and
reorganize the management team and unleash his executive talent. Through
a series of internal education sessions, Reynolds and Reynolds′
strategic plan was examined, marketing approaches changed, leadership
expectations defined, succession plans enacted, and the financial
aspects of the business emphasized to all employees. It is claimed that
almost every Reynolds and Reynolds employee has felt the changes in
his/her job. The financial markets have seen the change as well. In
October 1989, Reynolds and Reynolds was selling for approximately
$11 per share (PE Ratio: 8); the March 1993 quote is over
$60 (PE Ratio: 18).
Strategy Formulation: How Customer‐responsive Is Your Firm?
Authors: Zajas Jay J.
Published: May 2006

Offers nine theorems to executives for evaluating and improving
their company′s customer responsiveness. Unless senior management
delivers on its commitment to provide reliable, timely, quality service
to its VIP customers, many business opportunities will be lost. Instead
of trying to be all things to all people, firms excel by providing
offerings to customers they are best able to serve. Whom should we
serve; and what offerings should we provide? are key questions
underlying the strategic formulation process. Other cornerstone
questions are presented to executives seeking to know and serve their
customers better.
Competency Assessment: A Strategic Approach – Part I
Authors: Tovey Laura
Published: May 2006

Part I examines how the recognition of the need for a stronger link
between management development and corporate strategy is growing. Leads
into an explanation of the rationale for a strategic approach to
competency assessment. Examines the importance of selecting the right
approach according to organizational requirements and the end purpose,
e.g. to aid identification of training needs or to incorporate into the
performance management process.
Where is AACSB Now? An Interview with Porter, McKibbin and
Blood
Authors: Ramey Gerald W.
Published: May 2006

Gerald Ramey interviews Drs Porter, McKibbin and Blood about new
accreditation standards implemented by the American Assembly of
Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). The major consensus of opinion
being that as long as there is good communication through the schools
system, accreditation will be an advantage.
Team Development Programmes for Top Management Groups in
Czechoslovakia
Authors: Čakrt Michal
Published: May 2006

An ambitious programme was launched in the early 1980s for bringing
about an organizational change in planned economy companies. Because of
the centralized political and economic power, and strictly hierarchical
managerial structures the programme was targeted at the top management
teams. The programme consisted of a number of different OD techniques
combined into a composite package of four parallel sub‐programmes:
educational (the theory and practice of management), realization (the
process by which change was introduced), social and psychological
(personal and cultural awareness), and research (learning from the
experience). The top management group was the nucleus of each change
programme. The programme was successfully repeated 20 times in different
types of organizations over a five‐year period. Describes the history of
the programme, its structure, the main principles and the methods used.
Sets out the main lessons learned from using OD programmes to bring
about organizational change in communist and post‐communist economies.
Organizational Development of a Management Consulting
Company under the Sweeping Changes in the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Zhuplev Anatoly V.
Published: May 2006

Describes the birth and demise of the Moscow Personnel Centre. The
Centre was founded as a city‐sponsored independent consulting company
which developed numerous different personnel and counselling services.
Due to an unfocused strategy and inability to secure the support of the
new Moscow city government, the Personnel Centre broke apart in 1991.
Changing Performance among Russian Retail Workers:
Effectively Transferring American Management Techniques
Authors: Welsh Dianne H.B. , Sommer Steven M. , Birch Nancy
Published: May 2006

Reports the results of a field experiment using a contingent reward
system to improve sales performance of Russian retail workers. The
results clearly demonstrated the ability to use this technique
successfully in organizations undergoing transformational change. Whilst
preintervention differences were found in perceived job enrichment and
manager behaviour, regression analyses demonstrated that the
intervention had an effect beyond these situational factors. Discusses
these additional findings which concern the importance of supportive
leadership and feedback. Contradicts earlier claims that management
theories are culturally limited, and extends the application potential
of an already well‐established intervention technique.
Organizational Change Management in Russia
Authors: Katkov Alexander L.
Published: May 2006

Greiner′s developmental model of organizational change is applied
to the organized Soviet political economy of the twentieth century. This
description of the managerial crises inherent in each period provides a
surprisingly apt metaphor. Recent responses to Gorbachev′s use of the
collaborative management style suggest additional evolutionary
crises not described in the original model.
Soviet Managers View Organizational Change in Large State
Enterprises
Authors: Puffer Sheila M. , McCarthy Daniel J.
Published: May 2006

The introduction of Mikhail Gorbachev′s perestroika in 1985
marked the beginning of enormous change in the former USSR. Most
articles and studies, thus far, have concentrated on the macro economic,
political, and social issues involved. Little has been done to assess
the changing situation for the managers of Soviet enterprises. This 1990
study of 108 Soviet managers employed in large state‐owned enterprises
(including aviation, precision instruments, construction, light
industrial machinery, building and wood products) focused on the changes
they perceived in their decision‐making authority in four major decision
areas. These were: (1) long‐term investments; (2) product
considerations; (3) the value chain external to the enterprise; and (4)
human resource management. Results indicate that they perceived
meaningful change in their authority since the advent of perestroika, and that they foresaw a continuation of such change in the
future.
Post‐modern International De‐velopment: Intervelopment and
Global Interbeing
Authors: Bailey Darlyne , Héon François , Steingard David
Published: May 2006

Outlines a post‐modern approach to international and global
development conceived during a visit to Ghana in the autumn of 1992.
First offers a critique of modern development′s techno‐bureaucratic,
unsustainable over‐consumption ethos and its accompanying practices of
Western expert imperialism. With the conception of post‐modern
de‐velopment, intervelopment, infuses the ailing sustainable
development paradigm with an affirmative radical humanist and
relationally interconnected manifesto. Envisages a new synthesis between
sustainable development and the practice of intervelopment: global
interbeing – a way of experiencing an emancipated, harmonious,
economically equitable, and culturally diverse world. Discusses the
impact of intervelopment and global interbeing on the life and work of
organization and international development practitioners.
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR CLINICIANS: THE INFLUENCE OF
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Authors: Currie Graeme
Published: May 2006

Identifies the influence of organization structure upon the success
of management development interventions in a typical district health
authority. Uses Henry Mintzberg′s work on configurations as a framework
to analyse contingent structural variables. Research was carried out
over 18 months regarding the impact of management development on
clinicians. Used were questionnaires, action plans with follow up, and
observation to survey a range of clinicians and non‐clinicians from both
community and ward‐based units. Suggests that structures should be
reflective of a machine bureaucracy or adhocracy, if radical behaviour
change is to result from management development for clinicians. Forces
for efficiency and/or innovation should be evident. Where structure is
reflective of the professional bureaucracy, and the force for
proficiency is at the fore, attempted behaviour changes should be of an
incremental nature.
ADMINISTRATION TO BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Edmonstone John , Chisnell Carole
Published: May 2006

Describes findings of an action research study of the role of the
business manager within the clinical directorate. The study was
concerned with recruitment and selection, performance criteria, training
needs and career development.
REVIEWING THE NHS IPR SCHEME
Authors: Brierley Susanne J.
Published: May 2006

Examines early steps in implementing the NHS national individual
performance review scheme. Participating trusts have taken widely
different approaches. Provides examples.
CUTTING THE MUSTARD AND CRES
Authors: Mark Annabelle
Published: May 2006

Argues that there is a risk of alienating members of the new boards
of the trusts in the reformed NHS, who are initially in sympathy with
the ideas of reform but who, often successful in their own professions,
expect to control the environment in which they operate. The increasing
move towards centralist control works against the political rhetoric of
decentralization and consumerism. This is exemplified in the cash
releasing efficiency savings (CRES) mechanism.
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR GPs AND PRACTICE MANAGERS
Authors: Timings Lesley
Published: May 2006

Reports on a regional health authority′s management development
programme for GPs and practice managers which has contributed
substantially to “consolidating the pioneering spirit” in
the first wave of fundholding practices.
NURSES′ PAY AND THE LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Buchan James
Published: May 2006

Discusses labour market characteristics for nurses, competing
demand for nurses and the role of pay in nursing labour markets, in the
light of a recent report. Examines the relevance of current plans for
decentralization and the possible demise of the review body.
A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING IN NURSING
Authors: Short Penelope J. , Wright Phillip C.
Published: May 2006

In Britain, Canada and the USA, a chronic shortage of registered
nurses has existed since World War II. This situation is predicted to
become worse. Reviews both the general and nursing literature in human
resource planning, and recommends a system which can be built up step by
step and individualized for each nursing department. The core planning
activities are a planning database, demand forecasting, supply
forecasting, variance analysis and forecasting, and recruitment
policies.
THE SUPPLY OF ORTHOTIST PROSTHETISTS: THE APPLICATION OF
WORKFORCE PROJECTION TECHNIQUES IN DETERMINING FUTURE NATIONAL TRAINING
PLACES
Authors: Stock John , Seccombe Ian
Published: May 2006

Discusses the application of workforce planning techniques in the
context of “target” levels of demand and uses a study of the
future supply of orthotists and prosthetists as an example. Describes
the derivation of an appropriate model, the quantification of the labour
market for the profession, and an analysis of the characteristics of the
workforce. Information was gathered through two surveys and from
discussions with relevant organizations.
HEATHERWOOD IN THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Cantore Stefan P.
Published: May 2006

Describes the background to the launch of a community marketing
initiative by the Heatherwood and Wexham Parks Hospitals Trust. Managers
recognized the need to involve the community in the work and development
of Heatherwood Hospital, Ascot, Berkshire. A variety of activities,
targeted at particular audiences, were undertaken resulting in both
heightened awareness within the community and a very positive
improvement in the morale of staff within the hospital. Describes the
formation of a representative steering group and the range of
activities.
PAY AND NURSING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Buchan James , Thompson Marc
Published: May 2006

Discusses the merits and demerits of performance‐related pay (PRP)
with respect to nursing in the NHS but concludes that justification for
it remains unproven through the absence of hard evidence in support of
its efficiency. Sees previous experience of the practicalities of
implementing PRP and the fear that it will be neither cheap nor
effective in solving “productivity” problems as hostile to
its introduction in the NHS.
HEALTH CARE AND HIGHER EDUCATION: THE TIME DIARY APPROACH
FOR MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Chaston Ian , Badger Beryl , Mangles Terry
Published: May 2006

Discusses a project which aimed to determine the employee
development needs of Plymouth Polytechnic and Derriford Hospital NHS
senior technicians. Using the time diary approach, it revealed employer
and employee variance in opinions over desired managerial competences
and variance in the training needs for the two organizations. In the
case of NHS technicians it was possible to define areas where provision
of a new training scheme would be beneficial. Their counterparts in
higher education revealed a much lower degree of interest in the
provision of external assistance to develop their managerial skills
further. Concludes that the Polytechnic would need to implement
structural changes to the work environment before introducing any new
training schemes for technical staff.
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF THE CONSULTANT
PSYCHIATRIST
Authors: Sims David , Sims Andrew
Published: May 2006

Reviews the management role of consultant psychiatrists in the
light of recent NHS reforms. Tries to identify the needs of clinicians
and their patients and what is causing dissatisfaction within the
profession. Examines various reforms. Concludes that although difficult,
the care leadership within the psychiatric area should lie with the
consultant psychiatrist who should have the experience necessary in
order to define the qualifications and care necessary for each patient.
MEETING THE NEEDS OF NEW PARENTS
Authors: Ford Karen
Published: May 2006

Details recent research carried out into the needs of new parents.
Details the findings, and discusses the broad recommendations, which are
that there is a need to review parent education and develop a strategy
for change so that the benefits from contact with, and expenditure on
these clients can be maximized.
THE GREAT URBAN OUTDOORS
Authors: Thompson David
Published: May 2006

The Great Urban Outdoors is a management development exercise with
a difference. Most outdoor exercises take place in an
“unfamiliar” rural setting. This one is set in an urban
environment, which is reasoned to have an air of unfamiliarity to many
health care managers. Stresses the need to clear learning objectives and
active tutoring. For this exercise, proposes a framework based on a
model of managerial leadership. Explains how the location and tasks to
be carried out can be varied to suit the participants. Particular stress
is laid on the debriefing phase, to ensure that the learning objectives
have been met and can be applied to real health care challenges.
BS 5750: THE MESSAGE FOR MANAGERS
Authors: O′Brien Paula
Published: May 2006

Quality has become an increasingly important issue. Describes a
survey conducted within a training organization examining the
implementation of a quality initiative BS 5750. Its implementation in
the service sector is relatively new and therefore documented case
studies remain sparse. Aims to reveal staff attitudes during the
implementation process and examine what implications they have for
managers and for future methods of implementation.
Impact of Lead Pollution on the Contamination of Water,
Soil and Plants
Authors: El‐Gamal Ibrahim M. , Abdel‐Shafy Hussein I. , Hindy Kamal T.
Published: May 2006

Examines the effect of pollution along the agriculture highway
between Cairo and Alexandria. Different samples of water, soil and
plants (clover) were collected from nine variable locations along this
highway. Results obtained revealed that the influence of lead
precipitating from the atmosphere directly reflects the lead content of
soil. Concentration of metals so far did not show any great significant
effect.
Fluoride Problems in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dharmagunawardhane H.A. , Dissanayake C.B.
Published: May 2006

Argues that excessive fluorides in groundwater are a serious water
quality problem in some parts of Sri Lanka. The incidence of dental
fluorosis shows a high correlation with the presence of groundwater in
certain areas. Tube wells constructed in various rock types have shown
different fluoride concentrations, possibly due to the different mineral
constituents in these rocks and their relative capability of releasing
fluoride ions into groundwater. It has been observed that the tube wells
located in the dry zone have higher fluoride concentrations than those
in the wet zone. The fluoride contents of groundwater show an inverse
relationship with average yields of the tube wells, indicating the
inverse relationship of aquifer permeability to the fluoride content in
groundwater.
Distribution of Ammonia in the Jiddah Atmosphere
Authors: Sabbak Omar Ali
Published: May 2006

Reports a comprehensive field study of atmospheric ammonia
(NH⊂3) concentration which was conducted in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia
(one of the fastest growing cities in the world) for the period
1984‐1987. Ammonia trends have been developed for five stations in
Jiddah: daily, monthly and annual means, maximum and mean maximum
reported. The average NH⊂3 concentration for 1984, 1985, 1986 and
1987 was 0.027 μl/l, 0.023 μl/l, 0.018 μl/l and
0.020 μl/l, respectively. A decrease in NH⊂3 concentration
from 1984 to 1987 was observed. The four years′ average concentration
was 0.022 μl/l and a maximum of 0.490 μl/l was recorded
once at station 104 in 1984. The statistical significance of data and
background information for air quality standards for the city are
discussed. Analysis of data shows a lower mean than any international
air quality standards.
Removal of Herbicides from Groundwater
Authors: Nurizzo C. , Marforio R. , Butelli P.
Published: May 2006

Herbicides are groundwater pollutants found where intensive
agricultural practices are performed. This is the case in Northern
Italy: atrazine, symazine, bentazone, molinate, and others were found in
many aquifers over the last five years. Presents the first results of a
series of pilot plant tests using low ozone doses (prior to GAC
adsorption) to reduce oxidation by‐products formation. Tests were
carried out utilizing a transportable emergency plant used by the Civil
Protection Agency, based on ozone oxidation and GAC adsorption.
Herbicides influent concentrations were up to 1.8 μg/l and ozone
doses between 0.4 and 1.7 mg/l. Tested molecules displayed different
behaviour but, with the exception of bentazone, contact time seemed to
be the basic parameter for the removal of these compounds, some of which
appeared to be quite resistant to ozone oxidation at these
concentrations.
Adsorption Study of Dye Wastewater with Powdered Activated
Carbon
Authors: Yu‐Li Yeh Ruth , Lian‐Huey Liu Robert , Chiu Hui‐Mei , Hung Yung‐Tse
Published: May 2006

A study to determine the effectiveness of PAC on the removal of COD
and colour from dye wastewater. Factors affecting treatment efficiency
were investigated and included PAC particle sizes, initial dye
concentration and contact time. The adsorption parameters for Langmuir,
Freundlich and Dziubek′s isotherms were determined. Results indicated
that a very short contact time of one hour was needed to reach
equilibrium of adsorption. A COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal
efficiency of 90 per cent for disperse‐red‐60 dye wastewater was
obtained with PAC (powdered activated carbon). With PAC dosage of less
than 15g/l the adsorption followed both Freundlich′s and Langmuir′s
isotherms. The ultimate capacity of the adsorption increased with
decreasing PAC particle sizes or the initial dye concentration. The mass
transfer coefficient was determined in this study.
Domestic Waste Disposal in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Sangodoyin A.Y.
Published: May 2006

In a developing environment, much is being done to provide for safe
storage, collection and sanitary disposal of household waste; yet the
problem still persists. Examines the ways in which solid waste
management is undertaken in Southwest Nigeria and outlines some of the
problems encountered. These include the continuous expansion of
sprawling areas, funding limitations, variation in eating and waste
disposal habits and laxity in enforcing sanitation laws. These and other
factors make solid waste management and environmental pollution control
in the area extremely complex. Suggestions are made for the recognition
of socioeconomic factors in refuse depots siting and management,
modification of urban planning management and a well equipped and
adequately staffed Waste Disposal Agency.
Environmental and Occupational Health: The Asia – Pacific Region
Authors: Phoon Wai‐On
Published: May 2006

The Asia‐Pacific Region is the fastest growing area of the world in economic terms. Unfortunately, it has also suffered from several environmental and occupational health problems largely as a result of this rapid growth without attendant safeguards. Highlights problems such as environmental pollution, those relating to sanitation, cigarette smoking, traffic accidents, poisoning from industrial and agricultural chemicals, noise, health of women workers and other psychosocial problems, and recent trends in the health education and environmental improvements. Concludes with a plea for more attention to and collaboration concerning a clean environment.
Air Pollution: Issues and Solutions
Authors: Suess Michael J.
Published: May 2006

Provides a summary of the main European regional and world global
issues in relation to air pollution. Makes reference to the classical
problems of SO⊂x, SPM and NO⊂x pollution by heavy metals, and to
the issue which was at the forefront in the 1980s – acidic
deposition; winter‐and summer‐smog episodes which caught the attention
of politicians a few years ago; and of course, the widely spoken of
issue on global climate change and the ozone layer depletion. Gives
special attention to the not so well‐recognized and understood indoor
air quality. Closes with the proposal of possible solutions for
confronting the various issues.
EDI, EFT and Implications for Banks
Authors: Takac Paul F.
Published: May 2006

Aims to facilitate a clearer understanding of the issues involved
in formulating and implementing an electronic data interchange (EDI)
strategy. In particular, analyses the potential benefits to be derived
from EDI implementation, outlining operational and management
difficulties likely to arise as a result of implementation. Examines the
inter – and intra‐organizational issues to which EDI gives rise.
This involves a discussion of the relationship between EDI and related
developments such as quick response (QR), just‐in‐time (JIT) and
electronic funds transfer (EFT). Outlines the relationship between EDI
and EFT, arguing that EDI‐EFT has the potential to redefine
organizational cash management policies and strategies, particularly in
relation to the “float”, as well as the relationship between
organizations and their respective financial institutions. Concludes
that EDI is both complex and costly to implement and careful cost
benefit analyses as well as senior management support are required.
Integrated Transport
Authors: Horsley R.C.
Published: May 2006

Transport is only one part of logistics and logistics itself is
defined as the management of the entire supply chain. Gives an overview
of UK perceptions about transport, focusing on rail in particular, and
indicates the need for transport companies to take on the supply chain
management view.
The Role of a Target Nation′s Logistical Friendliness
Authors: Murphy Paul R.
Published: May 2006

International marketing practices cannot be successful without a
well‐run logistics system. Because a country′s logistical
“friendliness” or logistical “unfriendliness”
can have a profound impact on the efficiency of cross‐border trade, one
of the most important decisions in international trade involves which
country(ies) to serve. Reports on a study of US exporters designed to
learn about logistically friendly and logistically unfriendly countries.
Logistical friendliness is important information in the development of a
four‐step process for managing international logistics systems.
Logistics and IT in the European Enterprise
Authors: Stevens Graham
Published: May 2006

Describes the effects which the move towards the single market has
had on European manufacturing and distribution as companies are given
the opportunity to standardize products and business processes across
Europe. Considers the role of logistics and IT, inventory planning and
control. Discusses the accelerating competition, the potential benefits
and the high costs of failure involved in the significant opportunities
presented by the European enterprise. Includes two case studies.
Information and the Management of Change
Authors: Sharratt John , McMurdo Alistair
Published: May 2006

From the manager′s perspective, addresses the process of
management, and the management of information as an essential element of
general managerial practice. Information has always been a key element
in the performance of a business and the effectiveness of management,
and information technology can now transform the use of this information
to give managers substantial benefits in business planning and decision
making.
Using Computers for Management Decisions
Authors: Curry Bruce
Published: May 2006

Examines the ways in which computers can be used to assist in
management decision making, emphasizing, above all, the practical
aspects. Begins with the provision of management information, and goes
on to consider the scope for bringing the computer into the decision
itself. Discusses traditional operations research methods, as well as
simulation techniques which are noted as being similar in principle to
spreadsheet‐based models for planning and financial projections. Also
considers knowledge‐based methods which handle qualitative rather than
quantitative factors.
Justifying Investment in Technology
Authors: Triggs David
Published: May 2006

How investments in technology are justified will often determine
whether they are made. It is therefore important for managers to
understand the process of decision making and evaluation in investments,
including budgets, payback, and discounted cash flow.
Applications Management in Logistics
Authors: Walker David
Published: May 2006

Research commissioned by a major UK open systems supplier, Hoskyns
plc, reveals that cost containment is the key issue driving IT
departments, not management performance or customer service. Also shows
a disparity among users, with no real preference for systems or
suppliers emerging.
The Paperless Office of the Future
Authors: Connolly Thomas F. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

To meet the needs of the environment and to improve competitiveness
through lower costs and greater responsiveness, the paperless office is
once again being anticipated. While the concept of the paperless office
was subject to derision until just recently due to the large volume of
paper currently being produced, the large reduction in the costs of
personal computers has made the paperless office viable. More than just
a tool, it will redefine our concept of the document and the way we do
business. Explains various facets of the paperless office. Electronic
mail (e‐mail) will make the generation and transmission of letters and
memos more efficient. Business forms will be better utilized through the
improved processing offered by computerization and hand writing
recognition software. Also addresses how document management makes
information more readily accessible through the use of improved
indexing.
Work Design and Computer‐controlled Systems:
Authors: Wächter Harmut , Modrow‐Thiel Brita , Rossmann Giselind
Published: May 2006

Asserts that job satisfaction and motivation of workers are rarely
considered when the introduction of new technology is planned and
implemented. Sets this belief in the context of German industrial
practice and law and describes an approach called ATAA, developed for
use in the German metal‐working industry in any situation where a
redesign of the organization, the job content or the technology is
needed. Explains the philosophy (intended to place human needs centre
stage), the method of analysis employed and the co‐operative approach of
management and works council. Includes a case‐history of work redesign
in a lathe shop.
DESTINATION RETAILING: HIGH VOLUME, LOW GROSS MARGIN,
LARGE‐SCALE FORMATS
Authors: Wileman Andrew
Published: May 2006

Discusses the opportunities to be found in
“destination” retailing (drawing the consumer to the store)
and “proximity” retailing (being where the consumer is) in
the USA and Europe, and illustrates the two with many case examples of
companies which have been particularly successful in either area. Offers
advice for retail management on how to be retail “winners”
and how to maintain success in the face of opposition from other
retailers.
RETAILING IN SINGAPORE: COPING WITH CHANGE?
Authors: Davies Keri
Published: May 2006

The nature of retailing in Singapore has changed significantly over
the past three decades, reflecting the growing affluence of the
population and the influx of tourists, particularly those from Japan. A
major influence in these changes has been the Government which has
arranged for the development of planned shopping centres in both the
central area and the suburban new towns. However, in the 1990s a further
wave of change is coming: the nature of retailing is changing as a
result of an economic downturn and the growing number of foreign
retailers operating on the island. In addition, the Government has
decided to shake up the small shop sector and to allow major retail
developments in the suburban areas. The net result is likely to be a
further period of upheaval and it is by no means certain that
Singaporean retailers are going to be winners this time.
RETAILING SERVICES: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHANGING SERVICE
EXPERIENCE IN BETTING SHOPS
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: May 2006

Provides a case study of the changing service experience in the
UK′s betting shops. Outlines the basic elements in the service
experience and examines the changes in both the facilities and quality
of betting shop environments and in the interpersonal components of the
service encounter.
EMPOWERMENT IN RETAILING
Authors: Thompson John L.
Published: May 2006

Considers aspects of change in large retail organizations. Debates
the apparent dilemma posed, on the one hand, by the opportunities for
using information technology to improve efficiency and centralize
decision making, and, on the other hand, the case being argued by a
number of management “gurus” for increasing the empowerment
of front‐line managers. Develops a simple analytical framework for
considering the issues, and isolates the important variables involved in
the decision.
DEALING WITH COMPLAINTS: A SURVEY OF UK GROCERY SUPPLIERS
Authors: Mitchell V‐W. , Critchlow C.
Published: May 2006

Intense competition, tougher food legislation, increasing customer
expectations, large numbers of new products and recent food scares have
all contributed to highlight the importance of handling customer
complaints. Describes the advantages for companies in the areas of legal
proceedings, brand loyalty, manufacturing, marketing, R&D, company
image, word‐of‐mouth and consumer risk perception. Despite the obvious
advantage, a survey of 233 grocery manufacturers showed that some
companies are not taking complaint handling seriously. The survey
covered: who replies, how long replies take, what form responses take,
complaint follow‐ups and invalid complaints.
A. Goldberg & Sons Plc
Authors: Pal John
Published: May 2006

Attempts to draw out the salient factors at work during the late
1970s and 1980s that led to success, initially, in the retail sector,
but ultimately to the failure of the company in 1990. Charts the
successes: the first retailer in Europe to introduce a comprehensive
EPoS system; the company′s expansion; one of the first retailers to
embrace the concept of lifestyle retailing; the introduction of its own
stylecard for customer credit; and product and market development,
including own‐labels. Bad management decisions produced internal
conflicts in stores (especially where three trading formats operated in
one store); increased use of concessions within other stores;
acquisition bids by other companies. Profits fell, stores were closed
and staff redundancies occurred; finally resulting in the company going
into receivership.
The rangill forum
Authors: Harris Kim
Published: May 2006

A case study based on a number of similar businesses but
illustrating some general points applicable to any independent retail
business. Discusses the importance of location and a potential customer
base and how these can be used to advantage. Considers the product range
which needs to suit customers′ needs but should not be so broad as to be
a hindrance to effective shop‐keeping; and the importance of layout for
displaying products and ease of stock control. Considers, also,
deliveries, advertising, accounting and priorities.
“Who cares wins”
Authors: Davies Gary
Published: May 2006

Considers the implementation of the customer care campaign within
Asda, as a response to the results of a MORI survey of Asda staff and
customers. The staff training programme took place between 1985 and 1987
with the stated aim of providing enjoyable and convenient shopping for
customers. The campaign covered four phases: awareness; education;
training; and follow‐up. Its success was measured in terms of increased
customer loyalty; a reduction in the number of complaints against staff;
and a lower rate of staff turnover.
Storehouse
Authors: Warnaby Gary
Published: May 2006

Describes the origins and development of the companies that merged
to form Storehouse in 1985; and the overall performance of the group in
the subsequent five years. Highlights the failure of entrepreneurial
leadership under Selim Zilkha and then Terence Conran; and the problems
of such different component companies forming one group. Each component
company was so different that it ultimately proved to be impossible to
develop an integrated strategy for the whole group. Presently, the only
companies prospering are BhS and Mothercare; the two companies that
initially had good control systems.
Central Regional Co‐operative Society Ltd
Authors: Swindley David G.
Published: May 2006

Details the history of the co‐operative movement and societies from
the beginning in 1844 to the present day. Describes the principles on
which the co‐operative ideal was based and how those still exist and are
worked out in the 1990s. Discusses the Co‐operative Wholesale Society
and the variety of its outlets (i.e. insurance, banking, travel,
funerals, pharmacy, property, food and non‐food) and the formation of
the Central Regional Co‐operative Society Ltd by the amalgamation of a
number of smaller societies. Looks in detail at CRCS′s management
structure, trading outlets and other activities; and also at its
financial base, performance and planning. Discusses CRCS′s market
position in terms of traditional competitors and new ones such as the
German based Aldi.
The Benetton experience
Authors: Vignali Claudio , Schmidt Ruth A. , Davies Barry J.
Published: May 2006

Gives a resume of the Benetton operation, describing how 80 per
cent of Benetton retailing is franchised with the majority taking place
outside Italy. Studies, in depth, the experience of one franchisee in
Burnley, Lancashire, by financial analysis and a survey of customers
purchasing in the store. Results show that the Benetton message is
getting across to consumers; brand is associated with colour, style and
fashion for which premium prices are deemed acceptable. However, while
the franchiser continues to retain tight control over product range, the
sales period provides the only opportunity for the franchisee to improve
stock and cash control and, ultimately, to survive.
River Island Clothing Co.: A case study on changing an image
Authors: Lea‐Greenwood Gaynor
Published: May 2006

Details how the Lewis family took Lewis Separates (formed in 1954),
repositioned it as the fashion store, Chelsea Girl, to meet the demands
of a fashion‐conscious, more affluent, younger society in the 1960s and
1970s; and have repositioned it again since 1988 by replacing Chelsea
Girl with River Island and thereby attracted a wide market incorporating
A to E socio‐economic groups and an age range of 16‐64 (there are plans
to introduce lines for the 9‐14 age market). River Island′s success lies
in providing value for money with good quality merchandise; using
branding (including designer labels) effectively; supplying accessories;
and striking store designs which are Victorian period, but each store is
unique. The success of such a transformation is unprecedented and it
would appear that River Island will be able to withstand the effects of
the present recession.
TIME‐COST‐QUALITY LEADERSHIP: NEW WAYS TO GAIN A
SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN RETAILING
Authors: Maximov Jurgen , Gottschlich Hendrik
Published: May 2006

Observes the success of Japanese companies and industries and
attempts to analyse the reasons behind such success and to identify the
strategic success factors. Lists the three determining factors for the
attainment of competitive advantage as: time; cost; and quality, and
shows how each of these has been exploited in full by Japanese
companies. Uses the examples of Wal Mart (USA) and Ito‐Yokado (Japan) to
illustrate how these factors can be translated successfully into
retailing.
RUSSIAN RETAIL DISTRIBUTION: STRUCTURE AND PRODUCT
PROCUREMENT
Authors: Huddleston Patricia
Published: May 2006

Identifies the purpose of the study as gathering exploratory data
on organizational structure and product procurement process for Russian
retail stores. Results came from conducting in‐depth interviews with six
retail executives in Russia, in which respondents answered a series of
open‐ended questions regarding organizational structure, product
procurement procedures and demographics. Results highlighted
similarities to product procurement processes used by large retail
organizations in the USA. Concludes that the person responsible for
“buying” merchandise is usually a female with a college
education, in middle management, with five to ten years of previous
retail experience. Finds that the “buyer” has the freedom to
source approximately 25 per cent of the budget from small enterprises or
foreign companies. Notes that a lack of convertible currency led to a
dramatic decrease in the level of imported goods during the first eight
months of 1991; and that goods are most frequently imported from the
socialist countries of Eastern Europe. Expects changes in the product
procurement process as a result of the dynamic economic environment.
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE SOCIOLOGY OF RETAILING
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: May 2006

Sociology has received little attention in the UK′s first
generation of undergraduate retail degrees. Suggests that in some ways
this is a surprising omission and offers some simple thoughts on the
links between sociology and retailing. Stresses the importance of
shopping as a social activity and offers some outline explanations for
the lack of sociological dimensions in existing retail curricula.
Discusses the introduction of more explicit sociological dimensions into
retail degrees.
COMPLAINT BEHAVIOUR, PRICE PAID AND THE STORE PATRONIZED
Authors: Williams Theresa D. , Drake Mary Frances , Moran James D.
Published: May 2006

Examines complaint alternatives, identifies the relationships
between consumer complaint behaviour, the store patronized and consumer
complaint behaviour relative to the price of the garment purchased.
Questionnaire results from 479 respondents who purchased garments from
either a mass merchant, a department store, a local discounter, or a
national discounter were based on a nine‐item complaint activity
measure; indicated that they were likely to engage in various complaint
behaviours – both “public” and “private”.
A correlation was found between store, price and the type of complaint
behaviour.