bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generally applicable physics-based equation of state for liquids
Authors: Proctor J E , Trachenko Kostya
Published: August 2024

Physics-based first-principles pressure-volume-temperature equations of state (EOS) exist for solids and gases but not for liquids due to the long-standing fundamental problems involved in liquid theory. Current EOS models that are applicable to liquids and supercritical fluids at liquid-like density under conditions relevant to planetary interiors and industrial processes are complex empirical models with many physically meaningless adjustable parameters. Here, we develop a generally applicable physics-based (GAP) EOS for liquids including supercritical fluids at liquid-like density. The GAP equation is explicit in the internal energy, and hence links the most fundamental macroscopic static property of fluids, the pressure-volume-temperature EOS, to their key microscopic property: the molecular hopping frequency or liquid relaxation time, from which the internal energy can be obtained. We test our GAP equation against available experimental data in several different ways and find good agreement. Our GAP equation, unavoidably and similarly to solid EOS, contains a semi-empirical term giving the energy of the static sample as a function of volume only (

E

ST

(
V
)

). Our testing includes studies along isochores, in order to examine the validity of the GAP equation independently of the validity of any function we may choose to utilize for

E

ST

(
V
)

. The only other adjustable parameter in the equation is the Grüneisen parameter for the fluid. We observe that the GAP equation is similar to the Mie–Grüneisen solid EOS in a wide range of the liquid phase diagram. This similarity is ultimately related to the condensed state of these two phases. On the other hand, the differences between the GAP equation and EOS for gases are fundamental. Finally, we identify the key gaps in the experimental data that need to be filled in to proceed further with the liquid EOS.
An oscillating float-type piezoelectric-triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid wave energy harvester used in fish-attracting lamp
Authors: Yang Bowen , He Lipeng , Liu Zheming , Feng Linqiang , Zhang Limin , Fan Wei
Published: August 2024

In this work, an oscillating float-type piezoelectric-triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid wave energy harvester (PTE-HEH) used in fish-attracting lamp is proposed. It integrates three power generation methods and makes reasonable use of space, and the three power generation methods can complement each other. The theoretical analysis, simulation analysis, and experimental test of PTE-HEH are carried out. The variation trend and optimal parameters of each unit are found in the theoretical analysis and simulation. In the experiment, when the cantilever beam clamping length is 10 mm, the triboelectric mode of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film and copper foil independent triboelectric layer is adopted, and the number of magnets is 3, the output performance of PTE-HEH reaches the optimal state. When the external load resistance is 0.4 MΩ, the maximum output voltage is 69.52 V, and the maximum output power can reach 15.80 mW. It is greater than the sum of the output power of the three generators when they work alone. The power density can reach 25.99 W m−3. PTE-HEH can light 97 LEDs and power the temperature and humidity sensor. The PTE-HEH also makes the normal operation of fish-attracting lamp. The combination of PTE-HEH and fish-attracting lamp provides a new scheme for the subsequent development of self-powered fishing devices at sea.
A unified CNN approach for guided wave-based damage detection, damage size estimation and reliability assessment demonstrated on a complex composite structure
Authors: Schackmann Oliver , Memmolo Vittorio , Moll Jochen
Published: August 2024

This work presents a novel unified Convolutional Neural Network approach where broadband ultrasonic guided waves signals are processed in such a way that damage is first detected (binary classification) and then its severity assessed on continuous scale (multi-class classification) without resorting to different procedures. To test the learning approach and assess the classification procedures, a hyperparameter optimization is first carried out to determine the best data processing procedure. Then, the performance of the network is evaluated thoroughly. The results demonstrated the relationship between the model’s performance and SHM system parameters, including excitation signal, pre-processing approach and the number of paths utilized within a sparse distributed transducer network. Furthermore, the damage location is an important influence factor. In addition to that, ensemble voting is demonstrated to be the most accurate approach to achieve high reliability in damage detection and size assessment. The results show the capability of the proposed methodology (i) to detect early damage with highest possible accuracy (ii) to estimate the dimension of damage with limited error and reasonable accuracy, and (iii) to assess the reliability of the whole monitoring system through damage size estimation combined with a critical damage size approach.
Investigating the effect of rolling deformation on the electro-mechanical limits of Nb3Sn wires produced by RRP® and PIT technologies
Authors: Bagni T , Calzolaio C , Bovone G , Ferradas-Troitino J , Barth C , Ballarino A , Senatore C
Published: August 2024

Future high-field magnets for particle accelerators hinge on the crucial development of advanced Nb3Sn wires engineered to withstand the large stresses generated during magnet assembly and operation. The superconducting properties of Nb3Sn enable the design of compact accelerator-quality magnets above 10 T, but at the same time the brittleness and strain sensitivity of the material impose careful consideration of the mechanical limits. In addition, accelerator magnets are wound using Rutherford cables and the cabling process generates deformations in the wire that can affect its electro-mechanical performance. This paper reports on the impact of the rolling deformation on the transverse stress tolerance of high-performance restacked-rod-process (RRP®) and powder-in-tube (PIT) Nb3Sn wires. Rolling deformation was used to mimic the effect of cabling on the wire shape. Deformed samples were compared to reference round wires in term of stress dependence and irreversible limit (σ
irr) of the critical current (I
c) under transverse compressive loads up to 240 MPa. Experiments were performed at 4.2 K, 19 T, on resin-impregnated single wires that imitate the operating conditions in a Rutherford cable of an accelerator magnet. The results show that rolling deformation has a detrimental effect on the initial I
c of PIT wires, but it does not influence the behavior of the wire under stresses above 70 MPa. On the other hand, the deformation of RRP® wires leads to an improved σ
irr without affecting the initial I
c. Additionally, a 2D-mechanical finite element method model of the RRP® wire was developed to investigate the impact of the wire geometry on the plastic deformation of the copper matrix, which induces residual stresses on Nb3Sn and is the main cause for the permanent reduction of I
c. Based on the model results, an alternative layout of the wire was proposed that improves its stress tolerance without affecting its electrical transport properties.
From stochastic Hamiltonian to quantum simulation: exploring memory effects in exciton dynamics
Authors: Gallina Federico , Bruschi Matteo , Fresch Barbara
Published: August 2024

The unraveling of open quantum system dynamics in terms of stochastic quantum trajectories offers a picture of open system dynamics that consistently considers memory effects stemming from the finite correlation time of environment fluctuations. These fluctuations significantly influence the coherence and energy transport properties of excitonic systems. When their correlation time is comparable to the timescale of the Hamiltonian evolution, it leads to the departure of open system dynamics from the Markovian limit. In this work, we leverage the unraveling of exciton dynamics through stochastic Hamiltonian propagators to design quantum circuits that simulate exciton transport, capturing finite memory effects. In addition to enabling the synthesis of parametrizable quantum circuits, stochastic unitary propagators provide a transparent framework for investigating non-Markovian effects on exciton transport. Our analysis reveals a nuanced relationship between environment correlation time and transport efficiency, identifying a regime of ‘memory-assisted’ quantum transport where time-correlated fluctuations allow the system to reach higher efficiency. However, this property is not universal and can only be realized in conjunction with specific features of the system Hamiltonian.
Developing an electronic nose for formalin detection in meatballs using Support Vector Machine (SVM) method and Raspberry Pi 4
Authors: Sanjaya W S Mada , Roziqin Akhmad , Wijaya Temiesela Agung , Fauzi Badru Zaman M , Taqwim Ahsani , Opialisti Intan , Sintia Putri , Mulyawan Andri , Anggraeni Dyah , Sa’adah Tsamrotus
Published: August 2024

This study presents the development of an Electronic Nose system using Arduino Mega and Raspberry Pi 4, capable of accurately detecting odors and gases. Previously, sensor analysis revealed that variations in meatball and formalin mixtures yield diverse sensor responses, with some sensors exhibiting high sensitivity to formalin. Additionally, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) demonstrated clear separation among different classes, facilitating comprehensive data analysis. The study also evaluated the performance of the SVM model, showing precise SVM parameter optimization with high accuracy for classification, achieving up to 100% accuracy at C = 0.1, kernel RBF, and gamma 0.1. These findings highlight the potential of the developed system to effectively detect formalin in meatballs, providing valuable insights for ensuring food safety and quality assurance. Overall, the optimal selection of the C parameter plays a key role in enhancing SVM model performance and contributes to advancing detection technology in food industry applications.
Structural and optical study of RF-magnetron sputtering SnO2 thin films: impact of post annealing temperature
Authors: Sajdeh Natasha , Terohid Seyed Ali Asghar , Asgary Somayeh , Behzadi Ghobad
Published: August 2024

Tin oxide (SnO2) thin films are prepared using radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RF) method and then annealed at different temperatures in the range of 550–750 °C for 1 h. The effects of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of the films are investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometer. It is evident that the annealed films have flat surface with smooth morphology. Based on the XRD graph, as deposited films were amorphous and the annealed films had polycrystalline nature and contain the SnO2 tetragonal rutile phase. According to Raman spectra, the annealed films revealed three vibration modes Eg, A1g and B2g at the frequencies of Sn-O bond vibrations, which related to the SnO2 phase. The samples exhibit an average optical transmittance with more than 80 % between 400 − 700 nm. The refractive index values were in the range of 0.9-2.4 at visible wavelength. It is found that with increasing annealing temperature the films become more transparence while the refractive index and the extinction coefficient increased. The optical band gap energy decreases with increasing annealing temperature that means that the optical quality of annealed films is improved.
Exploring the viability of secondary absorber materials in perovskite solar cell structures through computational analysis
Authors: Prasanna J Lakshmi , Kumar Atul , Kumar M Ravi , Chella Santhosh
Published: August 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are at the forefront of next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. To further enhance their performance, we investigate the integration of a second absorber layer alongside the conventional perovskite layer. Through extensive simulation techniques, we explore the effectiveness of silicon, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS), and additional perovskite layers in forming a Double layered absorber perovskite solar cell (DLAPSC) structure. Our analysis of key performance metrics reveals MASnI3 as the most promising second absorber material, offering superior performance attributed to favorable band alignment and enhanced charge transport properties. In contrast, CIGS and Si layers exhibit inferior performance due to comparatively narrow bandgaps, leading to increased resistive losses. The perovskite/perovskite DLAPSC shows significant promise, achieving a notable power conversion efficiency of 41.56%. This study emphasizes the importance of meticulous parameter optimization and material selection in advancing PSC technology, highlighting the potential of DLAPSCs for renewable energy applications.
Study and analysis of the effects of trap assisted tunneling on the sensing performance of InAs/Si hetero juncture TFET based biosensor
Authors: Ghosh Rittik , Biswas Sushantika , Venugopal Saraswathy , Misra Sinjini , Bose Chandreyee , Saha Priyanka
Published: August 2024

This article investigates the impact of trap related non-idealities on the sensing characteristics of Indium Arsenide/Silicon (InAs/Si) heterojuncture tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) with dual metal stacked dielectric. Presence of straddling band alignment improves the tunneling probability across InAs/Si junction of the present device thereby boosting its sensing ability. Two cavities carved in the gate dielectric across the source side act as the sensing site for the detection of biomolecules. These biomolecules are immobilized within the implanted cavity to induce the drain current. Extensive simulation is carried out using Silvaco ATLAS device simulator activating trap assisted tunneling model to capture the realistic environment of biosensor in contrast to ideal condition for better reliability analysis. The study shows that trap assisted tunneling effectively modulates the important sensitivity metrics of the biosensor including ON current sensitivity, sub-threshold sensitivity with significant impact on Id-VGS characteristics, subthreshold slope profiles and Ion/Ioff ratio and hence cannot be neglected for accurate estimation of sensitivity for real time applications.
Impact of In-doping and post-annealing on the properties of SnO2 thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Xiao Ruibo , Cheng Jian , Lu Zhenya , Sun Qian , Wang Xin , Fu Xiaoyi , Gao Junning
Published: August 2024

SnO2 is a transparent semiconductor that has shown versatile applications in various fields. This study investigates the impact of In-incorporation and post-annealing on the structural, optical and electronical properties of SnO2 thin films deposited via RF magnetron sputtering. Three SnO2 target compositions were employed, with one unintentionally doped (UID), one with 1.0 at% In, and the other with 18.2 at% In. UV–vis spectroscopy reveals the presence of band tails in the as-deposited films, which can be significantly suppressed through annealing, particularly in air. Oxygen vacancy-related defect states below the conduction band minimum are believed to be responsible. Further, film thicknesses, refractive indices, and absorption coefficients were estimated from the UV–vis spectra of the films, employing the irritative Swanepoel method. The resistivities of SnO2:In films exhibit parabolic trends with respect to annealing temperature with minima values at 300 °C, while that of UID-SnO2 increases monotonically. P-type conductivity was found in the 300 °C-annealed SnO2:18.2 at% In films both in air and N2, with the N2-annealing leading to higher mobility (162.7 cm2·V−1·s−1) and lower resistivity (0.57 Ω·cm). The Fermi levels of the SnO2:In films are found to locate deep inside the bandgap, which is beneficial to form homojunctions with SnO2 of shallow Fermi levels.
Pioneering the plethora of soliton for the (3+1)-dimensional fractional heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet , Barak Shoaib
Published: August 2024

In this scholarly article, we investigate the complex structured (3+1)-dimensional Fractional Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Spin Chain equation (FHFSCE) with conformable fractional derivatives. We develop a diverse glut of soliton solutions using an improved version of theG′G-expansion method, namely ther+G′G-expansion method. The constraints for the existence of these solutions are painstakingly explained. Our findings are clearly communicated through a number of 3D and 2D graphical representations displaying periodic, multiple periodic, kink, and shock soliton solutions. These soliton solutions are expressed in several mathematical function forms, such as hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. Our findings support the suggested method’s efficacy as a powerful symbolic algorithm for discovering innovative soliton solutions within nonlinear evolution systems.
Three-phase-lag analysis of transversely isotropic double porous thermoelastic waves with liquid medium
Authors: Pathania Vijayata , Kumar Rajesh , Barak M S , Gupta Vipin
Published: August 2024

This manuscript presents a mathematical framework for a double porous, thermoelastic solid half-space with transverse isotropy in contact with an inviscid liquid half-space. The analysis takes into account the three-phase-lag model within thermoelasticity theory. To gain deeper insights, we formulate the governing equations in a two-dimensional representation and subsequently employ normal mode analysis for their rigorous solution. The governing equations are influenced by both types of voids, anisotropy, thermal effect, and inviscid liquid. It has been discovered that thermoelastic half-space exhibits five coupled longitudinal waves, and in the liquid half-space, there is one mechanical wave. Secular equations are obtained by using thermal and mechanical conditions, resulting in a compact representation of phase velocity, specific loss, penetrating depth, and attenuation coefficient. Analytical presentations have been made to showcase the effects of anisotropy, voids, and liquid on various wave parameters. These effects are compared by illustrating the results graphically using the MATLAB software, allowing for a visual understanding of the comparative outcomes. This study has practical applications in engineering, materials science, geophysics, and environmental studies, contributing to advancements in various industries and scientific fields.
Characterizing the 2-Killing vector fields on multiply twisted product spacetimes
Authors: Blaga Adara M
Published: August 2024

We characterize the 2-Killing vector fields on a multiply twisted product manifold, with a special view towards generalized spacetimes. More precisely, we determine the nonlinear differential equations that completely describe them and the twisted functions, give particular solutions, and construct examples.
The development of multiplexing capability for reflective matched fiber bragg gratings interrogation technique and its application in real-time micro cracks detection
Authors: Khan Raja Yasir Mehmood , Ullah Rahim , Faisal Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Cracks detection in engineering structures is pivotal for ensuring structural reliability and preventing catastrophic failures. In this article we developed multiplexing capability of reflective matched fiber Bragg Gratings (RM-FBGs) interrogation technique and utilized it for crack detection in an assembly aluminum plates. Firstly, the proposed multiplexing capability is analyzed by applying axial strain on an array of five FBGs pasted on five separate aluminum assemblies. The strain in any FBG due to localized micro-crack resulted in variation its output itself by ascertaining no effect in the outputs of other FBGs, certifying the multiplexing capability of RM-FBGs scheme. The developed RM-FBGs scheme is practically applied micro-cracks detection in a V-shape crack produced in assembly of aluminum plates. The crack is monitored by an array of three multiplexed FBGs epoxied to the plate’s junction at three different positions P1, P2 and P3. Where P1 is at beginning, P2 is at middle and P3 is at end of the crack. Sensitivities of the FBGs at points P1, P2 and P3 were found to be 0.09 ± 0.0001 V μm−1, 0.10 ± 0.007 V μm−1 and 1.08 ± 0.09 V μm−1, respectively and resolutions were found to be 0.22 μm, 0.20 μm and 0.02 μm, respectively. Variation in gauge length of the optical fiber from 100 mm to 200 mm resulted in 76.36% increase in crack width sensing range but at the cost of compromise in sensitivity and resolution. The proposed multiplexed RM-FBG can be deployed for early micro-cracks detection in metallic and non-metallic structures with sub-micrometers resolution.
Degradation of signal-to-noise ratio due to turbulence in various biological tissues
Authors: Baykal Yahya
Published: August 2024

When a biological tissue is excited by an optical beam, the presence of turbulence in the tissue causes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to degrade. This degradation is in reference to the SNR value in the absence of tissue turbulence. The effect of tissue turbulence in reducing the SNR is examined. SNR reductions are examined for various types of biological tissues such as liver parenchyma (mouse), intestinal epithelium (mouse), upper dermis (human). Also, SNR reductions in the turbulent tissue are evaluated against the changes in the strength coefficient of the refractive-index fluctuations, fractal dimension, characteristic length of heterogeneity, small length-scale factor, tissue length, wavelength and the source size.
Choosing the right electrode representation for modeling real bioelectronic interfaces: a comprehensive guide
Authors: Opančar Aleksandar , Głowacki Eric Daniel , Đerek Vedran
Published: August 2024

Objective. Producing realistic numerical models of neurostimulation electrodes in contact with the electrolyte and tissue, for use in time-domain finite element method simulations while maintaining a reasonable computational burden remains a challenge. We aim to provide a straightforward experimental-theoretical hybrid approach for common electrode materials (Ti, TiN, ITO, Au, Pt, IrOx) that are relevant to the research field of bioelectronics, along with all the information necessary to replicate our approach in arbitrary geometry for real-life experimental applications. Approach. We used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to extract the electrode parameters in the AC regime under different DC biases. The pulsed electrode response was obtained by fast amperometry (FA) to optimize and verify the previously obtained electrode parameters in a COMSOL Multiphysics model. For optimization of the electrode parameters a constant phase element (CPE) needed to be implemented in time-domain. Main results. We find that the parameters obtained by EIS can be used to accurately simulate pulsed response only close to the electrode open circuit potential, while at other potentials we give corrections to the obtained parameters, based on FA measurements. We also find that for many electrodes (Au, TiN, Pt, and IrOx), it is important to implement a distributed CPE rather than an ideal capacitor for estimating the electrode double-layer capacitance. We outline and provide examples for the novel time-domain implementation of the CPE for finite element method simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. Significance. An overview of electrode parameters for some common electrode materials can be a valuable and useful tool in numerical bioelectronics models. A provided FEM implementation model can be readily adapted to arbitrary electrode geometries and used for various applications. Finally, the presented methodology for parametrization of electrode materials can be used for any materials of interest which were not covered by this work.
Robotic flytrap with an ultra-sensitive ‘trichome’ and fast-response ‘lobes’
Authors: Jiang Yongkang , Li Yingtian , Tong Xin , Wang Zhipeng , Zhou Yanmin , He Bin
Published: August 2024

Nature abounds with examples of ultra-sensitive perception and agile body transformation for highly efficient predation as well as extraordinary adaptation to complex environments. Flytraps, as a representative example, could effectively detect the most minute physical stimulation of insects and respond instantly, inspiring numerous robotic designs and applications. However, current robotic flytraps face challenges in reproducing the ultra-sensitive insect-touch perception. In addition, fast and fully-covered capture of live insects with robotic flytraps remains elusive. Here we report a novel design of a robotic flytrap with an ultra-sensitive ‘trichome’ and bistable fast-response ‘lobes’. Our results show that the ‘trichome’ of the proposed robotic flytrap could detect and respond to both the external stimulation of 0.45 mN and a tiny touch of a flying bee with a weight of 0.12 g. Besides, once the ‘trichome’ is triggered, the bistable ‘lobes’ could instantly close themselves in 0.2 s to form a fully-covered cage to trap the bees, and reopen to set them free after the tests. We introduce the design, modeling, optimization, and verification of the robotic flytrap, and envision broader applications of this technology in ultra-sensitive perception, fast-response grasping, and biomedical engineering studies.
Development of novel osteochondral scaffolds and related in vitro environment with the aid of chemical engineering principles
Authors: Zvicer Jovana , Milosevic Mia , Medic Ana , Novak Sasa , Obradovic Bojana
Published: August 2024

In tissue engineering, collaboration among experts from different fields is needed to design appropriate cell scaffolds and the required three-dimensional environment. Osteochondral tissue engineering is particularly challenging due to the need to provide scaffolds that imitate structural and compositional differences between two neighboring tissues, articular cartilage and bone, and the required complex biophysical environments for cultivating such scaffolds. This work focuses on two key objectives: first, to develop bilayered osteochondral scaffolds based on gellan gum and bioactive glass and, second, to create a biomimetic environment for scaffold characterization by designing and utilizing novel dual-medium cultivation bioreactor chambers. Basic chemical engineering principles were utilized to help achieve both aims. First, a simple heat transport model based on one-dimensional conduction was applied as a guideline for bilayer scaffold preparation, leading to the formation of a gelatinous upper part and a macroporous lower part with a thin, well-integrated interfacial zone. Second, a novel cultivation chamber was developed to be used in a dynamic compression bioreactor to provide possibilities for flow of two different media, such as chondrogenic and osteogenic. These chambers were utilized for characterization of the novel scaffolds with regard to bioactivity and stability under dynamic compression and fluid perfusion over 14 d, while flow distribution under different conditions was analyzed by a tracer method and residence time distribution analysis.
Fabrication of 3D PCL/PVP scaffolds using monosodium glutamate as porogen by solvent casting/particulate leaching method for oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering
Authors: Thai Thanh Huy , Nguyen Thy Minh , Truong Minh-Dung , Phan Thi Thanh Tam , Le Dinh Thanh , Doan Hoan Ngoc , Nguyen Thi- Hiep
Published: August 2024

The design of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds should focus on creating highly porous, 3D structures with an interconnected pore network that supports cell growth. The scaffold’s pore interconnectivity is directly linked to vascularization, cell seeding, guided cell migration, and transportation of nutrients and metabolic waste. In this study, different types of food flavors including monosodium glutamate, sugar, and sodium chloride were used as the porogens along with PCL/PVP blend polymer for solvent casting/particulate leaching method. The morphology, porosity, interconnectivity, chemical composition, water absorption, and mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds are carefully characterized. The scaffolds are biocompatible in both in vitro and in vivo experiments and do not trigger any inflammatory response while enhancing new bone formation and vascularization in rabbit calvaria critical‐sized defects. The new bone merges and becomes denser along with the experiment timeline. The results indicate that the 3D PCL/PVP scaffolds, using monosodium glutamate as porogen, exhibited suitable biological performance and held promise for bone tissue engineering in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Mathematical analysis of bent optical waveguide eigenvalue problem
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Hiremath Kirankumar R
Published: August 2024

This work investigates a mathematical model of the propagation of lightwaves in bent optical waveguides. This modeling leads to a non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problem for differential operator defined on the unbounded domain. Through detailed analysis, a relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued propagation constants was constructed. Using this relation, it is found that the real and imaginary parts of the propagation constants are bounded, meaning they are limited within certain region in the complex plane. The orthogonality of these bent modes is also proved. By the asymptotic analysis of these modes, it is proved that as

r
→
∞

the behavior of the eigenfunctions is proportional to

1

/

r

.
Two protocols for telecloning of Bell-like states with and without ancilla qubit
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S , Kumar Mandal Manoj , Samanta Soumen
Published: August 2024

The present work contains two telecloning protocols for obtaining approximately cloned copies of Bell-like states at two distant locations. The first one is a universal telecloning procedure utilizing ancilla qubits while in the second protocol, no ancilla qubit is required. The analysis of fidelity measuring the quality of the cloned copy is presented. Both the protocols are executed on the IBM platform using Aer Simulator as well as on quantum real computers. By comparing the outcomes of these two cases we conclude that both the protocols are robust.
Only-phase Popov action: thermodynamic derivation and superconducting electrodynamics
Authors: Salasnich L , Pelizzo M G , Lorenzi F
Published: August 2024

We provide a thermodynamic derivation of the only-phase Popov action functional, which is often adopted to study the low-energy effective hydrodynamics of a generic nonrelativistic superfluid. It is shown that the crucial assumption is the use of the saddle point approximation after neglecting the quantum-pressure term. As an application, we analyze charged superfluids (superconductors) coupled to the electromagnetic field at zero temperature. Our only-phase and minimally-coupled theory predicts the decay of the electrostatic field inside a superconductor with a characteristic length much smaller than the London penetration depth of the static magnetic field. This result is confirmed also by a relativistic only-phase Popov action we obtain from the Klein–Gordon Lagrangian.
Method of filtration in first passage time problems
Authors: Sakamoto Yuta , Sakaue Takahiro
Published: August 2024

Statistics of stochastic processes are crucially influenced by the boundary conditions. In one spatial dimension, for example, the first passage time distribution in semi-infinite space (one absorbing boundary) is markedly different from that in a finite interval with two absorbing boundaries. Here, we propose a method, which we refer to as a method of filtration, that allows us to construct the latter from only the knowledge of the former. We demonstrate that our method yields two solution forms, a method of eigenfunction expansion-like form and a method of image-like form. In particular, we argue that the latter solution form is a generalization of the method of image applicable to a stochastic process for which the method of image generally does not work, e.g. the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
Correction for partial volume averaging in the quantification of radiopaque nanomaterial-embedded resorbable polymers
Authors: Melancon Adam D , Jacobsen Megan , Damasco Jossana , Perez Joy , Bernardino Marvin , Valentin Erin San , Court Karem A , Godin Biana , Layman Rick , Melancon Marites P
Published: August 2024

Resorbable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters require embedded contrast for image-guided placement and integrity monitoring. We calculated correction factors to account for partial volume averaging of thin nanoparticle (NP)-embedded materials, accounting for object and slice thicknesses, background signal, and nanoparticle concentration. We used phantoms containing polycaprolactone disks embedded with bismuth (Bi) or ytterbium (Yb): 0.4- to 1.2-mm-thick disks of 20 mg ml−1 NPs (thickness phantom), 0.4-mm-thick disks of 0–20 mg ml−1 NPs in 2 mg ml−1 iodine (concentration phantom), and 20 mg ml−1 NPs in 0.4-mm-thick disks in 0–10 mg ml−1 iodine (background phantom). Phantoms were scanned on a dual-source CT with 80, 90, 100, and 150 kVp with tin filtration and reconstructed at 1.0- to 1.5-mm slice thickness with a 0.1-mm interval. Following scanning, disks were processed for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine NP concentration. Mean and maximum CT numbers (HU) of all disks were measured over a 0.5-cm2 area for each kVp. HU was converted to concentration using previously measured calibrations. Concentration measurements were corrected for partial volume averaging by subtracting residual slice background and extrapolating disk thickness to both nominal and measured slice sensitivity profiles (SSP, mm). Slice thickness to agreement (STTA, mm) was calculated by replacing the CT-derived concentrations with ICP-OES measurements and solving for thickness. Slice thickness correction factors improved agreement with ICP-OES for all measured data. Yb corrections resulted in lower STTA than Bi corrections in the concentration phantom (1.01 versus 1.31 STTA/SSP, where 1.0 is perfect agreement), phantoms with varying thickness (1.30 versus 1.87 STTA/SSP), and similar ratio in phantoms with varying background iodine concentration (1.34 versus 1.35 STTA/SSP). All measured concentrations correlated strongly with ICP-OES and all corrections for partial volume averaging increased agreement with ICP-OES concentration, demonstrating potential for monitoring the integrity of thin IVC resorbable filters with CT.
An in-situ hybrid laser-induced integrated sensor system with antioxidative copper
Authors: Xu Kaichen , Cai Zimo , Luo Huayu , Lin Xingyu , Yang Geng , Xie Haibo , Ko Seung Hwan , Yang Huayong
Published: August 2024

Integration of sensors with engineering thermoplastics allows to track their health and surrounding stimuli. As one of vital backbones to construct sensor systems, copper (Cu) is highly conductive and cost-effective, yet tends to easily oxidize during and after processing. Herein, an in-situ integrated sensor system on engineering thermoplastics via hybrid laser direct writing is proposed, which primarily consists of laser-passivated functional Cu interconnects and laser-induced carbon-based sensors. Through a one-step photothermal treatment, the resulting functional Cu interconnects after reductive sintering and passivation are capable of resisting long-term oxidation failure at high temperatures (up to 170 °C) without additional encapsulations. Interfacing with signal processing units, such an all-in-one system is applied for long-term and real-time temperature monitoring. This integrated sensor system with facile laser manufacturing strategies holds potentials for health monitoring and fault diagnosis of advanced equipment such as aircrafts, automobiles, high-speed trains, and medical devices.
70533 - Treatment of early gastric cancer in Sweden – a nationwide register based cohort study
Authors: Maltzman Henrik , Elbe Peter , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Omae Masami , Lindblad Mats , Klevebro Fredrik
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is a well-established treatment, however most studies are from Asian countries and few have examined population-based western results. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatments and outcomes for EGC in Sweden, based on data from a population-based cancer register.

Method

A nationwide cohort study based on the Swedish National Register for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer (NREV). We included all surgically and endoscopically treated patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer 2006-2022. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were hospital stay and 30-day mortality.

Result

In total 279 patients with T1N0M0 cancers were found, 189 (67.7%) patients were treated with surgery and 90 (32.3%) with ER. The groups were comparable regarding baseline characteristics, except that the ER group had a higher ASA-score (p=0.046). As for the primary endpoint, there was no statistically significant difference in OS between the two groups (median survival 11.9 years for surgery vs 10.0 years for ER, p=0.590). As for the secondary endpoints, ER was associated with a shorter hospital stay (median 9 days for surgery vs 1 day for ER, p<0.001). There was no statistical difference in 30-day mortality, but a numerical difference was observed (2.1 % for surgery and 0 % for ER, p=0.164).

Discussion

In this population-based study, ER and surgery had comparable OS for EGC. ER was associated with a shorter hospital stay.
71994 - The Impact of Obesity on Surgical Outcomes after Esophagectomy for Cancer in Sweden
Authors: Skogar Martin Löfling , Lindblad Mats , Enblad Malin , Linder Gustav
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The rising global obesity rates are closely tied to an increased risk of esophageal cancer. While obesity is linked to more postoperative complications, its impact on long-term survival after esophagectomy remains debated. This study aims to explore obesity's influence on survival and postoperative complications in a national cohort of esophageal resection patients.

Method

We conducted a retrospective study using data from Sweden's national quality register for esophageal and gastric cancer (NREV) covering 2006-2018. The cohort was categorized based on BMI: underweight (BMI < 20), normal (BMI 20-25), overweight (BMI 25-30), and obese (BMI > 30). Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis, while logistic regression and Cox regression was used for adjusted analyses. Covariates included sex, age, comorbidities, histopathology, and disease stage.

Result

Out of 1742 individuals (mean age 66, 79.9% males), 242 (13.9%) were obese. Obese patients had more comorbidities and more adenocarcinomas. Surgical complications risk for obese individuals was similar to normal-weight (OR: 0.83 [0.56-1.21]). However, obese patients had a higher risk of other complications (OR: 1.78 [1.22-2.60]). Surprisingly, obese individuals had a lower risk of death (HR: 0.74 [0.58-0.95]) and better 5-year survival.

Discussion

Despite more comorbidities, obese patients undergoing esophageal resection showed comparable surgical complication risks but higher other complication risks. Notably, they exhibited a reduced overall death risk and superior 5-year survival compared to normal-weight patients.
72218 - Management of early esophageal cancer – a register-based study in Sweden
Authors: Elbe Peter , Maltzman Henrik , Omae Masami , Klevebro Fredrik , Lindblad Mats
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Surgery used to be the only way to resect esophageal cancer, but endoscopic treatment has gradually emerged and is now the golden standard in the management of early esophageal cancer. In the Swedish National Registry for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer (NREV) patient has prospectively been registered since 2005.

Method

We defined early esophagela cancer as cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia (HGD). We used NREV to investigate type of treatment and the outcome of the treatment 2005-2022. We searched the registry for age, sex, histopathology, type of management and complications.

Result

20921 patients are included in the registry. 11217 of them are classified as esophageal cancer. 10045 are classified as advanced cancer (T2-74). Patients classified as TX (1702) are also classified as advanced. 1002 (9.1%) are classified as early cancer. 170 patients were excluded. The mean age in the early cancer group is 70 years. 79% of the patients had early adenocarcinoma (EAC) and 21% had early squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). 175 patients had missing data of the type of management. 289 underwent endoscopic treatment, 213 underwent surgery and 325 patients were considered palliative or did not get any treatment. Complications were more common in the surgical group, but mortality in association to the procedure was slightly higher in among the endoscopically treated (0.69% vs 0.47%). However, there was no significant statistical difference in overall survival.

Discussion

Endoscopic treatment has gradually evolved to become the first-line option for early cancer, but surgery may still be an option in some cases.
72243 - Indocyanine Green Fluorescence During Fundus First Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Haverinen Susanna , Pajus Evelina , Sandblom Gabriel , Cengiz Yücel
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Our objective was to compare Fundus First (FF) laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) before and after the implementation of routine use of Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence.

Bile duct injury (BDI) is a rare but serious complication during LC. ICG fluorescence visualizes the bile ducts and may reduce the risk of BDI. Previous studies have compared ICG with conventional visualization and shown reduced operative times and conversion rates. This study retrospectively compared LC with and without ICG fluorescence in a Swedish hospital routinely practicing the FF method.

Method

Pre-, intra- and postoperative data from patients operated at Sundsvall County Hospital before and after the implementation of routine use of ICG fluorescence between 2016 and 2023 was analyzed.

Result

Altogether 2009 patients underwent LC. FF was used in 94.9% of all operations, 1455 with ICG and 549 without, respectively. The groups were comparable regarding gender, BMI, age, presence of acute cholecystitis and distribution urgent/elective surgeries. Implementation was safe with similar 30-day complication rates between study groups. A lower conversion rate with ICG was found (1.2% vs 3.3%, p=0.001) as was a non-significant reduction in readmissions (p=0.054). No significant difference in BDI was seen.

ICG was associated with prolonged operative times in univariate analysis, but the association disappeared in multivariable analysis. The time to cholangiography was prolonged in the ICG-group, both in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Discussion

Implementation of ICG fluorescence was safe and efficient, suggesting possible safety improvements for a Fundus First LC. Further studies are needed to evaluate if ICG provides additional safety in LC.
71949 - Melatonin MT1 Receptor Expression in Luminal Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Pistiolis Leda , Alawieh Sahar , Halldorsdottir Thorhildur , Kovács Aniko´ , Bagge Roger Olofsson
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Laboratory and animal studies indicate that melatonin exerts a negative impact on breast cancer progression and metastasis. These actions are both receptor dependent and independent. Of the two transmembrane melatonin receptors identified in humans, breast cancer expresses only MT1. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of MT1 in hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women and its possible correlations with clinicopathological parameters, and survival.

Method

A total of 118 patients with Luminal A/B primary breast cancer with or without axillary metastases were identified. MT1 receptor expression was immunohistochemically assessed as percentage of stained cells and weighted index (WI) (percentage multiplied with staining intensity). Most tumor samples (84.7%) and metastasized lymph nodes (96%) stained positive for MT1, with varying intensity.

Result

No statistically significant correlations were found between MT1 expression or WI in the primary tumor and patient and tumor characteristics, or MT1 and WI in the metastasized lymph nodes. Survival analysis did not reveal a significant effect of MT1 expression or WI on risk of recurrence or survival.

Discussion

The role of melatonin in breast cancer is still under investigation and more research is needed to determine if and in what way could MT1 expression be used as a predictive factor in breast cancer treatment.
72206 - Overall Survival after Isolated Hepatic Perfusion in Combination with Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Patients with Uveal Melanoma (SCANDIUM II trial)
Authors: Nelson Axel , Shafazand Amir , Cahlin Christian , Carneiro Ana , Helgadottir Hildur , Levin Max , Rizell Magnus , Ullenhag Gustav , Wirén Sara , Lindnér Per , Nilsson Jonas A , Ny Lars , Bagge Roger Olofsson
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare disease with a propensity for liver metastases and a poor prognosis. Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) using high-dose melphalan has demonstrated a 40% response rate in patients with liver metastases from UM, while the combination of ipilimumab 3 mg/kg and nivolumab 1 mg/kg (IPI3/NIVO1) yields response rates of 11-18%. However, the impact on overall survival (OS) of combining these treatments is unknown.

Method

This multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled phase Ib trial enrolled patients with liver-dominant metastatic UM, randomized to receive either IHP with melphalan 1 mg/kg followed by combination immunotherapy (four cycles of IPI3/NIVO1) (Arm A) or one cycle of IPI3/NIVO1 before IHP followed by three cycles of IPI3/NIVO1 (Arm B). The primary endpoint was safey and has been reported previously, here we present data on overall survival.

Result

Eighteen patients were included, with 9 in each arm. Seventy-eight percent were treatment-naïve, and 72% had isolated liver metastases. Three patients did not undergo planned IHP. The overall response rate was 38%, with 57% in Arm A and 22% in Arm B, and a median response duration of 11.9 months. At a minimum 18-month follow-up, overall survival was 50%, with 56% in Arm A and 44% in Arm B. Median OS was 18.2 months in Arm A and 17.2 months in Arm B.

Discussion

The numerically higher response rate in Arm A warrants a randomized study designed to detect differences between IPI/NIVO with or without IHP.