bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educommunication, Geography and Virtual Games: A Proposal to Encourage Scientific Literacy in Middle School
Authors: Pereira Émerson dos Reis , Carruba Andréa Goulart Mendes , Oliveira Adam Gonçalves Zeni de , Martins Jairo Aparecido , Romão Estaner Claro
Published: August 2021

This research describes a development process of an educommunicational project and its presentation by 7th year’s students of Middle School. Student’s part of this research was from a private school in a city part of Sao Paulo’s State. In fact, it aimed to verify possible contributions obtained by using a specific didactic sequence linked with Geography teaching. Thereunto, virtual games and educommunication tools were used to promote literacy and scientific dissemination through Digital Information Technologies and Communication. In terms of method utilized, a qualitative-descriptive method was used since it applied observation, analysis, and data comparison to obtain results. In addition, the methodology helped to solve problems throughout the project phase until it reached its final presentation. As a final result of this project, it was observed that students could develop not only active learning but also creative learning throughout the process. As assistance, students had teacher acting as a mediator in order to constantly guide and manage them in their activities. To sum up, documentary videos presented by students, combined with games and digital educational technologies are considered relevant forms of communication as well as effective learning resources because they favor a development of critical-scientific thinking. As a matter of fact, it is applicable when carrying out researches, experiencing challenges also building knowledge throughout student’s own experience processes.
Setback to and Encouragement of Feedback: Teacher and Student Perspectives
Authors: Ejinkonye Felicitas Ogonna , Okoye Romy O.
Published: August 2021

The research explored setback to, and encouragement of feedback as perceived by teachers and students. Three research questions guided the study. The population of the study constituted 180 teachers and 3200 students in government owned secondary schools in Ekwusigo L.G.A of Anambra State. Simple random sampling technique was used to draw the sample of teachers and students. Two questionnaires, one for teachers and one for students were used to collect data. Arithemetical mean was used in answering the research questions. The results revealed that all the stipulated factors constituted setbacks to teachers in giving feedback to their students. All the teachers indicated that all the listed items can encourage them in giving feedback to their students. Also, almost all the items except one constituted setback for the students in receiving feedback from their teachers. It was recommended that workload of teachers should be moderate, and the teacher should be relieved of other duties that may affect teaching and learning. Also, students’ seriousness should be boosted by ensuring that they repeat class when they fail among others.
Comparative Analyze on the Legal Solution Relevant to Status of Teachers in Albania
Authors: Kume Andon
Published: August 2021

Legislative reforms in the pre-university education system in Albania have paid special attention to addressing issues related to teacher status. In law no.69 / 2012, "On the pre-university education system in the Republic of Albania", these issues are treated in accordance with the requirements of International Labor Conventions, the Labor Code of the Republic of Albania and law No. 10171, dated 22.10. 2009 "On regulated professions in the Republic of Albania" amended. The law defines the teacher as the central figure of the school. In accordance with the recommendations of the ILO and UNESCO for the status of teachers, the Albanian law guarantees contemporary standards at every stage of the process for gaining and practicing the profession, for continuous professional preparation, scientific qualification, and career. The treatment of labor relations, relations with the social partners, with the associations and the community of parents and students, the definition of their rights and duties, salaries and rewards are components of the status of a teacher.

The status of teachers reflects the social and economic conditions of the country, work culture and community traditions. The law treats teacher status as a key factor in developing the profile of a teacher capable of preparing the future citizens of an open and global society. The professional and academic freedom of the teacher is considered as an essential element of his status. Creating conditions for the exercise of civil rights related to the teaching profession, the right to participate in social and public life and to organize in trade unions are legislative achievements in line with EU standards and the requirements of international documents.
A Tale of Two Pandemic Semesters: Examining the Longitudinal Impact of COVID-19 on Student Online Learning and Behaviors
Authors: Budden Michael C. , Budden Connie B. , Wyld David C.
Published: August 2021

In the Spring of 2020, colleges and universities around the world joined primary and secondary education providers and businesses of all types in moving to an online, socially distant environment. Seen as necessary to stem the relentless spread of COVID-19, a deadly contagion, the move dramatically impacted lives, livelihoods and social connections. In the Spring 2020 Semester, six weeks after the State of Louisiana issued a “stay at home” order, resulting in a move to 100% distance delivery of coursework, students at a public university in the state were surveyed for this research project as to the impact of the pandemic on their use of technology, social media, and online learning. Likewise, seven months later, at the end of the Fall 2020 Semester, students at the same university were again surveyed as to the impact of the move to using online technologies for everything from learning to shopping, communications, entertainment and more. Findings related to the use of technology and the impact of digital learning among respondents were investigated and compared between the groups to determine changes in online technology use for learning and more over time during this critical period during the coronavirus pandemic. The article concludes with a look ahead and an examination of areas for future research.
Causes of Deprivation of Elementary Education in Children Living in Slums
Authors: Razia B.
Published: August 2021

Education plays an important role in uplifting the Socio-economic Status of a society. Significant proportions of urban poor population in India live in slum areas and are deprived of education. Large number of children living in slums (age group of 6-14 years) are out of school due to varied reasons. The researcher focused the study on the causes of non-enrolment and dropout of such deprived children. Incidental sampling technique was employed to collect the data from various households of 8 different slum localities of Aligarh city, India. Data collected from the parents through Structured Interview Schedule indicates that 43.06% children between the age group of 6-14 years have never enrolled in schools while 33.57% of total children dropped out due to varied reasons. The causes underlying non-enrolment and dropout of children living in slums have been discussed in detail in this paper.
Effect of Aural Tests on Choice of Music as a Study Subject by Muslim Students in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Shitambasi Sumba B.
Published: August 2021

Music education has a global acceptance as it helps improve and promote/ develop creativity and language skills among students. However, among the Muslim community, excessive instrumental music is not given prominence. This comes from the Hadiths by the prophet Muhammad that forbid music. In Kenya, the coastal region is mostly comprised of the Muslim community who hardly choose to pursue Music subject. This prompted this study that evaluated the effect of the inclusion of the aural tests in the curriculum on the choice of Music as a study subject by Muslim students in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study used a survey research design. The sample population consisted of 27 participants as follows: 2 music teachers, 8 students, 8 parents, 1 Kenya Institute Curriculum Development Officer at the national level, 1 Quality Assurance and Standard Officer and 7 career masters. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, which was analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings show that there were negative perception aural tests (listening and notating non-Islamic music) due to religious requirement as well as ignorance that led to Muslim students dropping Music subject. In conclusion, despite the knowledge of the Muslim parents at the coast region of Kenya on their children choice of Music as a stud subject, they do not influence them from dropping it at senior secondary. The teaching by Prophet Muhamad against Music and its propagation by the Imams and other Muslim leaders at the coast of Kenya led to most Muslim sponsored schools in Kenya to disadvantage against choosing Music subject as a career path. The study recommends that priority should be given to Islamic content in music studies and encouraging Muslim communities in Kenya to embrace music as a career subject.
Alignment of School and Leadership Practices in Basic Education with Response-to-Intervention Model
Authors: Raagas Maria Judith R.
Published: August 2021

This study assessed the implementation of school and leadership practices of the selected basic education schools and their alignment with the Response-to-Intervention (RTI) model components which enhanced the RTI implementation. The gaps in aligning the school and leadership practices with the RTI model were identified as concerns. As the RTI model is about preparing all students for success in their adult lives and careers, the school leaders hold a very significant position in improving the academic performance of all their learners. The study used the mixed method. The quantitative data analysis used a survey questionnaire and sent to the respondents through Google Forms. The descriptive statistics of frequency, mean and standard deviation was calculated using the IBM SPSS Statistics. For the qualitative data, an interview was conducted with the school principals, guidance counselors and selected class advisers, to clarify and support the responses in the survey questionnaire.

Based on the findings, the researcher designed the contextualized RTI framework for basic education in Cebu City, Philippines. The recommendations of the study were: (1) include the RTI systems and procedures in the quality management system of the school; (2) for human resource departments and hiring committees, they should consider the qualification each potential new principal his or her previous experience working with students with special needs; (3) schools should consider providing professional development and training opportunities to principals whose sole or primary classroom teaching experience has been in general education; and, (4) for an individualized professional development planning process, principals might want to incorporate professional development opportunities that focus on leadership support for interventions.
A Proposed Module for the Course Modalities and Assessment of Learning in Post-Baccalaureate Diploma in Alternative Learning System (PB-DALS)
Authors: Labarrete Rufo A. A
Published: August 2021

This study proposed two modules for the course Modalities and Assessment for Learning in PB-DALS. The 4As strategy on teaching as suggested in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory served as its core design. As such, it follows the Activity, Analysis, Abstraction, and Application phases of lesson episodes. Its contents, on the other hand, are reflective on the results of the findings reported as regards modalities and assessments of learning employed by the ALS programs implementers across diverse groups. These modules are deemed useful for teachers of PB-DALS, ALS programs implementers, and policy makers of the ALS. Taking things holistically, it is suggested that said modules be subjected for validation.
Assessment of the Educational Process for Risk Management in the Canton Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica
Authors: Fernández Arce Mario , González Marianela , Camacho Silvia
Published: August 2021

The educational process for Risk Management (GR) in the canton Santo Domingo de Heredia was evaluated by investigating the training activities carried out by different entities. These entities are: The National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Attention (CNE), the Municipal Emergency Committee, 8 district emergency committees, Emergency Committees of public institutions and 8 elementary schools, one per district. In the studied area there are hazards and vulnerabilities that demand proper education in order to manage efficiently the probability of human and material loses. The educational process for risk management has been carried out in the chosen zone but its level or depth is unknown. The purpose of this work is to find out the state of education to prevent disaster or emergencies and improve its weak aspects. To obtain the required information, seven instruments (questionnaires) were applied to the following key actors: an official of CNE, the coordinators of Brigade or Committees of Emergency (4 different questionnaires), and finally the person who teaches about natural and technological events in each one of the selected schools. According to results, the population of Santo Domingo has not been adequately trained to properly face the dangers and reduce the vulnerability of the canton.
Deployment of Information Communication Technology for Teaching and Learning Engineering Technological Skills: A Case of National Polytechnics in Kenya
Authors: Daniel Mutai Cheruiyot
Published: August 2021

The knowledge economy expansion has significantly affected the methodologies of knowledge transfer and skilling of human resource. The demand for skillful workforce is significant to the development of an ingenious educational approach to teaching and learning engineering. Integration of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning provides a number of endless interactive modernizations of training approaches to engineering processes and applications. The purpose of this study was to establish the status of integration of ICT in teaching and learning of practical engineering concepts in National Polytechnics in Kenya. The study surveyed the trainers’ competencies on the application of ICT for the teaching and learning engineering processes and practices. The descriptive research design was employed and involved both quantitative and qualitative data. The study was based on the constructivist theory of learning and under the framework of technology, organization and environmental theory. Qualitative data was collected through Interviews and observation while questionnaires produced quantitative data. Three National polytechnics; Eldoret, Kisumu and Kenya Technical Trainers’ College, were selected and a sample of 75 respondents consisting of trainers was selected using stratified simple random sampling, while administrators from mechanical, electrical, and automotive and civil engineering departments were selected by simple purposive sampling; to provide information on the trainers’ competence on virtual teaching and learning engineering. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The triangulation of the bi-data collected through mixed method strengthened the overall outcome as one approach offset the weaknesses of the other method. The findings of the study identified the constraints getting in the way of trainers to effectively integrate ICT in teaching and learning engineering and the pointer centred on the inadequate knowledge on the application of simulations and unavailability of virtual laboratories; 64% of the engineering trainers reported that their computer proficiency was good while 36% reported to be moderately proficient in the use of computers. However, a depressed 17% had the capacity to employ simulation software for TL. The study recommended enhancement of trainers’ competence on the application of ICT and provision of appropriate ICT infrastructure.
Effectiveness of Secondary School Guidance Programs in Preparing Learners for Successful Transition to University: A Case of Moi University
Authors: Athiemoolam L. , Njage R.
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to establish the effect of secondary school guidance programs in preparing students for successful transition to university. Mixed methods research design was used which included the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods to generate data using a concurrent triangulation approach. Purposive sampling was applied to sample first year students in Moi University and proportionate sampling together with simple random sampling was used in the selection of 375 participants comprising both male and female students. Data were collected through questionnaires and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics by means of SPSS (Pearson Correlation Coefficient), followed by linear regression to test the hypothesis. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that high school guidance programs do not support learners adequately in preparing them to transition to university. The study recommended the implementation of more enhanced collaboration between schools and universities for successful transition.
Results of School Competence of Roma Children
Authors: Leščáková Alena
Published: August 2021

The paper focuses on the school readiness of Roma children and the results in individual verified areas. In the first part we will briefly explain the basic monitored areas of school competence, in the second part we will evaluate the results we found by diagnosing preschool children, in the end, we will evaluate the results and point out the impact of identified difficulties on school success.
Investigations of Decoupled Trigonometric Saturated and Fuzzy Logic Techniques for the Automatic Frequency Control of Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Kumar R. Sreerama
Published: August 2021

This paper involves the investigation of new techniques for the automatic load frequency control of islanded Microgrids. Microgrids are being established as a part of smart grid environment. In modern power systems, smart grid represents the solution for many of traditional power system problems such as frequency fluctuations. Frequency fluctuations have negative consequences in terms of electrical equipment life, production cost and production losses relative to costumers and electricity producers. So, the frequency of power system must be kept in acceptable range. In order to operate a power system with fixed frequency, it is necessary to always maintain a balance between the generation and the consumption of active power. The frequency droop control methods are widely used to control active power and frequency of the parallel synchronous generators in the traditional power grid. At present, this method has also been applied to the control of parallel inverters to share the load demand in proportion to their ratings. In order to improve the frequency control of traditional droop control technique applied in islanded microgrid, It is proposed to investigate the Decoupled Trigonometric Saturated (DTS) and fuzzy droop control techniques on islanded microgrids which uses meshed parallel inverter systems. To verify the performance of the proposed ALFC based on Decupled trigonometric saturated controller, fuzzy PI controller the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is used.
Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration Coupled to Hot Air Drying for the Production of Tomato Powder and Reconstituted Concentrates
Authors: Maka C. T. , Isma-ila O. R. , Ekorong Akouan Anta J. F. , Kapseu C.
Published: August 2021

The brine temperature (X1), the NaCl concentration (X2), the drying temperature (X3), and the drying time (X4) were the 4 parameters explored in this study, which aimed to model the OD-Drying coupling of fresh tomato. A 4 factors Box-Behnken experimental design associated to the response surface methodology (RSM). A transformation of the usual quadratic model was necessary to fit the experimental results. From the obtained models, relationships between the studied factors and the followed responses were establish. From the multicriteria optimization, the following conditions were found as optimal: X1 = 65 ℃, X2 = 5%, X3 = 43.88 ℃ and X4 = 24h. The tomato powder obtained by reproduction of optimal conditions showed better properties than the tomato powder produced by local farmer by sun drying, but similar characteristics as the concentrate prepared from it. From the fresh tomato to the tomato powder obtain using the optimal conditions, the overall quality lost is relatively low.
Comparison of Four MANOVA Test Statistic for Pig Production in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Aniesedo J. M. , Okoli C. N.
Published: August 2021

This study used the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test statistic to examine the impact of three categories feed used in the production of pig in Delta State. The multivariate test statistic considered are the Pillai – Bartlett trace, Wilks’ Test Statistic, Roy’s Largest Root Test Statistic, and the Lawley- Hotelling (LH) Statistic. The objectives include to: evaluate the robustness of the four Multivariate Analysis of Variance test statistics to ensure that the best is employed in multivariate analysis to guarantee most useful result in pig production; determine the relatively efficient test statistic for pig production; and determine the test statistic that is consistent across the sample sizes. Secondary source of data collection was used to obtain the data required for the analysis. The outcome of the study showed that the obtained data was multivariate normally distributed based on the result of the asymmetry-based multivariate normality test and the multivariate normality test based on the kurtosis test which makes the data suitable parametric multivariate method such as multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results show that the Wilks and Roy tests found a significant difference for the intercept. While the Pillai and LH tests could not find any significance. The Roy test was also found to be significant for feed one, feed two, and feed three. The Wilks and Roy tests also turned out to be significant differences for the intercept. All test measures showed significance for feed one. The Wilks and Roy tests also showed a significant difference for feed two, while all test measures found a significance for feed one. Another result showed that none of the tests found significance for the interaction between feed one and two, while the Roy test found significance for the interaction between feed one and three, feed two and three and feed one, two and three. The performance of the test for evaluating the performance of feeds for pig production with/without considering interactions was found to be in the following order of magnitude: Roy, Wilks and Pilla = LH. This result implies that the Roy method, with or without consideration of the interaction, has a better performance of the test than the other methods considered in the study.
LIA: A Mathbot Assistant for First-grade Students
Authors: Moussiades Lefteris , Zografos George
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, chatbots are helpful in many areas, including education. This article presents a chatbot that aims to help first-grade students get acquainted with arithmetic operations. The architecture we propose has a general character, scalability and can build other closed-domain chatbots. The results of an initial pilot study are satisfactory and encourage us to continue the research.
Health Potential of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds-Derived α-linoleic Acid and α-linolenic Acids: A Review
Authors: Oyalo Josiah , Mburu Monica
Published: August 2021

The desirability of functional foods proceeds alongside non-communicable epidemic; diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and interrelated risk factors. Consequently, research on chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) has increased not only as seeds but also as oil due to their rich functional and nutritional proprieties. Chia seed is rich in essential fatty acids such as α-linolenic (ALA) and α-linoleic acids (LA) with ALA being the biological precursor to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA is a plant-based essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that must be obtained through the diet since humans do not possess the enzymes to synthesize the compound. The objective of this review was to identify the beneficial effects of chia seeds derived ALA and LA on human health. From the articles reviewed; it was observed that ALA and LA from chia seed could offer benefits for example; anti-obesity, improvement in glucose homeostasis, athletic performance, and anti-cholesterolemic effects and maintenance of healthy serum lipid level. Furthermore, some articles reported anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects and anti-oxidant activity, which could strengthen the prevention of chronic diseases. Although these benefits are appealing to humans, mechanistic cell culture and animal models are required to enhance our knowledge on their mode of action
Suzuki-Type of Common Fixed Point Theorems in S-Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Jeyaraman M. , Sowndrarajan S.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, by using of Suzuki-type approach [Suzuki, T., A generalized Banach contraction principle that characterizes metric completeness, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 136, 1861–1869, 2008.] we prove new type of Suzuki- type fixed point theorem for non-Archimedean S - fuzzy metric spaces which is generalization of Suzuki-Type fixed point results in S - metric spaces.
A Mathematical Model of Blood Flow in Merging Veins under a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Influence
Authors: Okuyade W. I. A. , Abbey T. M. , Abbey M. E. , Abbey D. M.
Published: August 2021

Venous blood flow through the superior and inferior vena cavae and via a merger to the right atrium of the heart is investigated. Based on the Newtonian assumption for blood, the model is developed using Boussinesq’s approximation for the continuity, momentum, energy, and mass diffusion equations, which are non-linear partial differential equations. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized and solved by the regular perturbation technique. Expressions for the concentration, temperature, and velocity are obtained, analyzed, and presented graphically and quantitatively, and discussed. The results show that an increase in the magnetic field strength and conflux angle produce fluctuations in the flow velocity.
The Use of Solvable Directed Graphs in a Jacobi-like Algorithm
Authors: Turan Meltem
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we introduce a Jacobi-like algorithm (we call D-NJLA) to reduce a real nonsymmetric n × n matrix to a real upper triangular form by the help of solvable directed graphs. This method uses only real arithmetic and a sequence of orthogonal similarity transformations and achieves ultimate quadratic convergence. A theoretical analysis is constructed and some experimental results are given.
Derivation of Second Order Partial Differential Equation Indicating Wave and Heat Equation through the Use of the Navier Stoke’s Equation for Unsteady and Incompressible Flow
Authors: Chowdhury M. G. A. Hayder , Akhtar N.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we have tried to approach the concepts of two-dimensional wave equation and one dimensional heat equation through the means of the Navier Stoke’s equation for unsteady and incompressible flow. Our pursuit to do so has been supported with ample justifications and analytic discussions. The strong relation shared by the fluid dynamics, wave mechanics and heat flow has been brought to light through our attempts.
Study of 24 Hours/2 day Monitoring of Blood Pressure in Subjects with Traumatic Paraplegia
Authors: Chaudhary Vandana , Verma Narsingh , Tiwari Sunita , Srivastava R. N. , Verma Dileep
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline are more common in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Most people with a cervical or upper-thoracic SCI usually experience conditions called orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysreflexia, which are described by the serious changes in systemic blood pressure. To evaluate baseline heart rate (HR), baseline blood pressure (BP) and ABPM monitoring in traumatic paraplegia patients. In this study, total 36 diagnosed of paraplegia patients was based on Asia Impairment Scale (AIS), paralysed by RTA, or fall from height within 7 days of injury were included in this study. The blood pressure was monitoring for 24 hour/2 day and repeated after 12th day of first monitoring. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored by ABPM machine at HALF hourly from 6 am – 10 pm and one hourly from 10 pm – 6 am. All the continuous variables were compared by t- test. The night dipping (Systole) and morning surge (Systole) were significantly lower at 12th days as compared to within 7 Days (p=0.002). Whereas the diurnal Index (Diastole) and diurnal Index (MAP) were comparable in between within 7 days and 12th days. The mean SBP max and SBP min were significantly lower at 12th day as compared to within 7 days. Whereas DBP max and min were comparable in between within 7 days and at 12th days. The changes in min., max and mean double product (All, active periods, and passive periods) were also not found to be statistically significant in between within 7 days and at 12th day. The traumatic paraplegic patients have altered diurnal index, morning surge, night dipping and systolic blood pressure on APBM monitoring.
Assessing the Status of Quality Control Parameters of Four Computed Tomography Scanners in Ibadan
Authors: Egharevba Osayaba Peace , Nzotta Christian Chukwuemeka , Oyekunle Emmanuel Oyeyemi , Anas Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Background: Quality control (QC) of computed tomography (CT) scanners is important to evaluate succinctly quality image and radiation dose obtainable in a clinical environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of images generated by CT scanners used at some diagnostic facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional design was employed in this study, four centers were studied, one government hospital and three private hospitals. The head CT phantom was used to verify the accomplishment of the CT scanners performance to the international quality requirements. Regions of interest were selected at the center of the image and at the periphery to obtain results for the CT number for water test, uniformity test, noise, and artifact test.

Results: The mean CT number for water across the centers ranged from –0.12 HU to –2.2 HU which were within ±3 HU recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Values of standard deviation of the mean CT number ranged from 2.41 to 5.77 HU which to a little extent exceeded the set ±5 HU tolerance range. Similarly, the presence of streak artifact was observed in the images obtained at one center.

Conclusion: Two out of the four computed tomography scanners assessed passed the four tests performed. Noise and artifact were the problem observed at centers B and C respectively. There was however no likelihood of periodic performance of these basic quality control tests at two of the centers in this study. Adequate records of quality control data should be kept regularly to allow in-depth analysis of failure rates of different tests, changes occurring during equipment lifetime and comparisons among CT scanners.
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma Simulating Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS): A Case Report
Authors: El Yamine Othmane , Fakhiri Nassima , Benkiran Dounia , Boufettal Rachid , Chehab Farid , El Gasmi Nabila , Cheikhna Fatima Zahrae , Tahiri Mohamed , Badre Wafaa
Published: August 2021

The adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is a rare tumor of all gastrointestinal cancers often occurs on a predisposing ground we report the case of a 40-year-old patient chronic smoker has 1 pack year weaned 2 years ago, alcoholic weaned 5 years ago whose symptomatology dates back to 3 months by the appearance of epigastralgia and vomiting post prandial, Complicated by a high occlusive syndrome made of post prandial vomiting with abdominal pain all evolving in a context of alteration of general state made the patient was addressed to the service of digestive cancer surgery and liver transplantation of CHU Ibn Rochd Casablanca.

The patient had an abdominal CT scan which showed duodenojejunal distension with incarceration of an undistended loop at the level of the aorto-mesenteric clamp.

The patient was sent to the operating room in emergency, he underwent a segmental Greco-Resection of 15 cm taking away a jejunal mass under laparoscopy with extra corporal anastomosis latero-lateral jejuno-jejunal with at the exploration one notes the presence of a tumoral mass of 3cm mobile at the level of the 2nd loop jejunal stenosing responsible for a jejunal distension upstream measuring 4cm in diameter.

The anatomopathological study of the specimen showed a moderately differentiated and invasive adenocarcinoma, classified as pT3N1Mx.

The postoperative follow-up was marked by a deep venous thrombosis involving the ileo-femoral-popliteal axis of the ilio-femoral-popliteal trunk on day 2 postoperatively, for which the patient was put on low molecular weight Heparin at a curative dose with compression stockings and monitoring.

The patient had resumed transit in the form of gas on postoperative day 3, with a correct assessment, and was declared discharged on postoperative day 6.

The patient's file was discussed in a multidisciplinary consultation meeting and the decision was to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy and oesogastroduodal fibroscopy (FOGD) and colonoscopy to look for predisposing diseases.
Updates on the Mechanism and Management of Pterygium: A Brief Review
Authors: Sakti Fazella Kirara
Published: August 2021

Pterygium is an ocular surface disease characterized by invasive fibrovascular growth due to pathological proliferation and inflammation on the conjunctival and corneal tissue. Its occurrence has been associated with chronic ultraviolet exposure, thus becoming one of the most common eye problems in tropical regions worldwide. Although pterygium rarely causes severe visual disturbances or blindness, it often becomes a distressing problem because of the high recurrence rate and unsatisfactory cosmetic outcomes, despite receiving removal management. In recent decades, studies regarding molecular mechanisms and management of pterygium have been advanced. This review provides a brief update on the mechanism and management to achieve more optimal and satisfactory pterygium therapeutic approaches.
COVID-19 Infection in India: Seropositivity versus the Dynamics of the Spread
Authors: Shervani Zameer , Bhardwaj Deepali , Nikhat Roma
Published: August 2021

The self-referred serosurvey data showed that the whole of India, 31% population has SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seroprevalence was higher in females (35%) than males (30%). The seropositivity in Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Bangalore, and Delhi increased monotonously from July to December. Seropositivity in big cities of India was as high as 63.8% in Bangalore followed by Delhi (54.9%) and Kolkata (54.6%). In cities (Mumbai, Chennai, Pune, Coimbatore, Surat, Visakhapatnam, Kolkata, and Nagpur) antibodies prevalence first increased with time after a threshold it started decreasing in 4 month time in most of the cities. Intergeneration age dependent seropositivity for both males and females showed an “M-shaped” pattern. The seroprevalence versus monthly infection rate in Delhi and Kolkata showed an increase in seroprevalence with the caseload. In Chennai, the caseload of new infections decreased while seropositivity increased. In the case of Mumbai, seropositivity increased with increase in the caseload in the beginning till October, after that with decrease in the caseload seroprevalence also diminished. In none of the cities, the amount of antibodies titers was enough to stop the second wave of the pandemic.
Bilateral Spontaneously Resolving Galactocele in an 18 Month Old Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Aminou S. , Imane Z.
Published: August 2021

Galactoceles in children, either cystic or pseudotumors, are described in the literature as a rare cause of increasing breast size and can appear in males. We report a case of galactocele in a 18-month-old male, treated at our institution. The patient presented with bilateral tumor breast that had appeared 6 months earlier with no pain, signs of inflammation, or nipple secretion. Twenty-nine cases found in the literature emphasize the importance of including galactocele in the differential diagnosis of benign breast masses in infancy.
Giant Mesenteric Hemangioma without Small Intestinal Involvement Report of a Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Wu Jui-Ten , Tsai Chun-I , Tsung Swei-Hsiung
Published: August 2021

there were approximately twenty cases reported in the English literature, of which five cases were designated as giant hemangioma. We reported another giant mesenteric hemangioma, measuring 35x20x11 cm. with a weight of 5,5 Kilograms. The etiology of mesenteric hemangioma was still debatable. In our case, the patient only experienced mild abdominal pain, without gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Therefore, we were in favor of mesenteric origin as opposed to gastrointestinal origin. The symptoms were non-specific, ranging from abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal bleeding if Gastrointestinal tract was involved. Preoperative diagnosis was very challenging despite the modern images’ technics have become available, such as computed tomography magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. The final diagnoses of mesenteric hemangioma have been exclusively established by histological examination after surgical removal of the tumor. Surgical resection with clear margin is the treatment of choice.
The Speed of Light Is Slowed Down as It Travels Near the Surface of an Obstacle
Authors: Vedad Farhad
Published: August 2021

The speed of propagation of light that passes through a medium at a slower speed determines the refractive index with respect to the wavelength. Subsequently, the refractive index of vacuum (free space) that light travels at speed c is 1 by definition.

This study proposes that the speed of light is slowed down in an inhomogeneous space close to the surface of the obstacles, including the edges of the apertures. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous refractive index near these surfaces will increase as the distance from the object is reduced. Therefore, light propagates through apertures as it encounters a medium with a variable refractive index.
The Collective Mental State Examination as Predictive Tool for Assessing Unfavourable Political Outcomes
Authors: Bostock William Walter
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to establish that the mental state examination, a fundamentally important part of individual psychiatric examination, also has a role to play in the diagnosis of situations that could have potentially harmful political outcomes for whole societies. This is because societies operate through a collective mental state which is in a state of constant variability and at times can present a situation of extreme vulnerability. Political leaders of an infinite range of intentions can work through the collective mental state to mine the bedrock of collective consciousness, where national identity resides, to produce outcomes that can hugely range from beneficial to disastrous.
Public Agrarian Policies and Food Security in Cameroon: Problems and Challenges towards Agricultural Development
Authors: Daka A. , Wang Y. , Hu L.
Published: August 2021

The hunger riots that Cameroon experienced in February 2008 were on the one hand a local manifestation of the world food crisis (2007-2008) and on the other hand, a result of ineffective agricultural policies implemented since the 1960s. The analysis of public food security policies in Cameroon from 1960 to 2008, highlights the inability of the latter to fight effectively against food insecurity and to bring Cameroonian agriculture out of the rut. These riots were likely to have a long-term effect on Cameroon's socio-economic trajectory. Because they were food for thought for the Cameroonian government, which ended up realizing that the constraints facing agricultural development felt an immediate need for solutions after the end of the riots. The post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government boil down to all the measures taken to stem the impact of the crisis and allow food security to all social strata. However, these economic redistribution strategies adopted by the Cameroonian government to allow the poorest to have access to food at an affordable price still fail to stem the situation. Literature relating to the riots of February 2008 in Cameroon abounds, but little is concerned with the analysis of the causes and post-riot government strategies, which is very crucial to understanding the origins of the problems facing the Cameroonian agricultural community today. This article examines the distant and immediate causes of the February 2008 hunger riots in Cameroon, including the post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government to combat food insecurity and the contribution of international partners.
Awareness of Tourette Syndrome in Malaysia
Authors: Karuppannan Gunasegaran , Fong Angela Chan Nguk , Muhamad Fazal , Moksan Datu Masjidin
Published: August 2021

In Malaysia not many parents, including teachers, are aware and have any knowledge about Tourette Syndrome. Tourette Syndrome is a disorder due to neurological factors characterized by repeated, stereotyped, unintentional movements and vocalizations called tics. In Malaysia, a few Tourette Syndrome students have been identified as not going to school because they are bullied due to their motor and vocal tics. So, in Malaysia we still don’t have any special teaching and learning modules as an inclusive program for the Tourette Syndrome students. The awareness and understanding about Tourette Syndrome among Malaysian citizens are also lacking, therefore a module to create awareness among parents, teachers and public should be developed. Until today, nothing has been looked into the matter of Tourette Syndrome by any of the Malaysian government departments. This makes the students with Tourette Syndrome not getting proper education and some are not even going to school. So, with the help of Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development and Ministry of Education the total number of students in Malaysia with Tourette Syndrome must be identified.
The Excellent Method of Novel Uncertainty Predictor for Risk Assessment in E-Financial Institutions
Authors: Miremadi Alireza , Ghanadiof Omidreza
Published: August 2021

Financial institutions are always engaged in risk assessment. In fact, the birth of finance in Europe was through dealing with risk. Risk is a situation that we have more than a possible future with different probabilities. Assessing different futures with different level of probabilities is not that easy to formulate. Neural network is a topology developed for dealing with cases in which formulating the problem is not easy due to model flexibility which is required by the conditions of risks we are dealing with in E-finance. E-finance is providing financial services over electronic devices and cyber space. With the prominent growth of E-finance, the need for developing new models for assessing risk associated with this kind of business seems inevitable. Continuous growth of E-finance brings on new issues such as E-trust; consequently, the need for developing a model of total risk assessment is the base of our study. The presented model is a prototype, future models should be developed specifically for different kind of risk E-finance provider are dealing with.
The Myth of Creation in William Blake's The Four Zoas
Authors: Moradi Hossein
Published: August 2021

Northrop Frye knows the cyclic version of creation myth in his reading of The Four Zoas according to which the human lives in heaven unified with God, unfallen state; he then falls and loses the harmony had with God, fallen state; and he should restore the previous unfallen state in Apocalypse or Last Judgment. Unlike Fry, while thinking of Maurice Blanchot I argue that Blake has created a new myth of creation different from the cyclic one by focusing on what Blake calls Beulah as the stage intermediate between spiritual and physical existence. In the non-original state, Beulah is the state of perpetual creation beyond dialectic and dualism known in Eternity and the life on the earth, a sort of becoming. For Blake, this proves that entities are not created to be manifested in the state of independent selfhood, but they are in relation with the others. This makes both selfhood and indefiniteness simultaneously possible to exist. It is Beulah itself which is all and the only space of existence opening itself from within itself. All entities including God are in interrelationship while being in the process of interruption (acquiring selfhood) within continuation (interrelationship) simultaneously. This demonstrates Blake's new myth of creation avoiding the primal crisis of the cyclic myth of creation. He has also introduced a new idea of relationship.
Hannah’s Song: A Foreshadowing of the Magnificat
Authors: Ellis James W.
Published: August 2021

Although women’s words account for a small portion of biblical scripture, the Bible records two related prayerful songs that were sung by female prophets: the song of Hannah, in the Old Testament, and the Magnificat of Mary, in the New Testament. This essay uses typological methodology to explore the songs’ connections, including their shared literary precedents and nearly identical theological themes. Their fundamental similarities suggest Hannah’s song served as a harbinger of the Magnificat. Hannah and Mary’s shared blessing, divinely ordained motherhood, and their shared inspiration, the Holy Spirit, explain the parallels of their prayerful verses and prophetic utterances, which were of great relevance for both covenants of the Judeo-Christian faith.
The Problematics of Scientific Discovery
Authors: Venukapalli Sudhakar
Published: August 2021

Historically, the problem of discovery or the problem of the genesis of scientific ideas has been taken seriously by the historians, psychologists, sociologists and philosophers who analyzed the creative thinking and formation of ideas and attempted to provide a meaningful account of them. In fact, the philosophical concern with scientific discovery is as old as science and philosophy of science themselves. However, almost throughout the first half of 20th century, philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of scientific discovery remained in a state of suspended animation. This is because the dominant trend in philosophy of science in this period outlawed it. The dominant view in philosophy of science maintained that the phenomenon of scientific discovery is philosophically irrelevant, and an adequate philosophical understanding of science should confine itself to the way in which scientific theories are justified; it was assumed that the process of justification is a neat, spick-and-span phenomenon eminently suited to be described in terms which are, logically speaking, cut and dry. The process of justification or evaluation according to this orthodox view constitutes the essence of science. Obviously, justification was demarcated from discovery. Justification, because of its supposed epistemic transparency, became the exclusive focus of philosophical attention to the detriment of discovery. The invidious distinction between discovery of scientific ideas and justification of finished ideas of science remained the catchword for a long time. This paper is an attempt to critically examine the nihilistic attitude of the dominant philosophies of science and to arrive at a philosophical theory of scientific discovery.