bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australia's mental health legislation
Authors: Kirkby Kenneth C. , Henderson Scott
Published: January 2018

Australia has a generally progressive approach to mental health law, reflective of international trends in human rights. Responsibility for most legislation is vested in the six States and two Territories, a total of eight jurisdictions, such that at any given time several new mental health acts are in preparation. In addition there is a model mental health act that promotes common standards. Transfer of orders between jurisdictions relies on Memoranda of Understanding between them, and is patchy. State and Territory legislation is generally cognisant of international treaty obligations, which are themselves the preserve of the Federal Parliament and legislature. UK legislation has had a key influence in Australia, the 1959 Mental Health Act in particular, with its strong emphasis on voluntary hospitalisation, prefacing deinstitutionalisation.
Dangerousness and mental health treatment: civil commitment in the USA
Authors: Vitacco Michael J. , Degroot James
Published: January 2018

Civil commitment standards in the USA have undergone dramatic changes over the past 50 years. The relevant statutes have largely focused on treatment, but how this treatment has been administered and the placement of individuals undergoing commitment have been dynamic. There have also been changes in commitment as it relates to sexual offenders and individuals deemed not competent to proceed to trial. As legislatures strive to find a balance between mandated treatment and civil liberties, changing standards of commitment provide opportunities for scholarship and research.
The Arab Spring movement: a catalyst for reform at the psychiatric hospital in Tripoli, Libya
Authors: Abuazza Adel
Published: January 2018

Decades of neglect have left the mental health system in Libya in bad shape. Services for the entire population are scarce, highly centralised and provided only through two psychiatric hospitals in the two biggest cities of the country. There are virtually no other mental health services anywhere else in Libya. Even the most basic of services, such as the availability of psychotropic medication for people with severe mental illness, are scarce outside Tripoli and Benghazi. This paper reviews the state of the country's mental health services since the civil war of 2011 and highlights a new fourfold approach taken by the management of the psychiatric hospital in Tripoli.
Mental health problems: journey from Baghdad to Europe
Authors: Abbasi Yasir , Omrani Adel
Published: January 2018

This article looks at the evidence that not only did mental health problems affect people in the past, but that the physicians of past eras made numerous attempts to understand, classify and treat mental illness. Our aim is to show the strong scientific reasoning during the medieval era, in the Islamic world in particular, and how the complexities encountered by physicians centuries ago still haunt psychiatrists today.
Teaching psychiatry to undergraduate medical students in Somalia
Authors: Gavaghan Lauren , Hughes Peter , Saeed Khalid , Whitwell Susannah
Published: January 2018

This paper describes a pilot project in which (for the first time, worldwide) psychiatry was taught to undergraduate medical students in Somalia using an evidence-based intervention – the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide.
Community mental health services in Al Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mufaddel Amir , Al Sabousi Mouza , Takriti Yahya , Dawoud Badr , Coroza Nora , Belhaj Habib , Al Hekmani Nasser
Published: January 2018

This paper evaluates a model of community mental health service (CMHS) in Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates. The hospital records were reviewed and the total number of patient admissions and duration of in-patient care before and after enrolment in the CMHS were documented. Patient satisfaction with the CMHS was assessed using a questionnaire. The total number of admissions and the number of days that the patient spent in hospital per year were significantly reduced by the CMHS. Patients had high satisfaction rates with the information and advice they received, with their relationships with CMHS workers, with their access to mental health services and with their drug treatment.
Addressing the mental health needs of a rapidly growing megacity: the new Lagos Mental Health Initiative
Authors: Oluwatayo Olufemi , Olugbile Olufemi , Coker Ayodele
Published: January 2018

The Lagos State Government of Nigeria recently launched its Mental Health Policy and Work Plan aimed at addressing the mental health needs of Lagos, one of the world's fastest-growing megacities, and its nearby communities. This paper discusses the contextual basis of this initiative, its components and the challenges faced so far. It argues that urban centres deserve attention in the current push towards investing in mental health services in low- and middle-income countries.
Therapeutic alliance: satisfaction and attrition of patients from a mental health clinic in Ayacucho, Peru
Authors: Prom Maria C. , Stovall Jeffrey , Bedregal Luis E. , Phillips James , Davidson Mario A.
Published: January 2018

This study examines the role of the patient–provider relationship (alliance) and patient satisfaction in early patient withdrawal from mental health therapy in rural Peru. A prospective comparison of 60 patients demonstrated that early withdrawal was associated with the clinician's, but not the patient's, evaluation of the patient–provider alliance. This suggests that the satisfaction and alliance questionnaires typically used in high-income countries may not be effective in evaluating patient attitudes in this population, but may be useful for clinician evaluations of the alliance. Clinicians can use the Working Alliance Inventory to indicate the need for early intervention to prevent patient drop-out in middle- and low-income countries.
Mental healthcare in Brunei Darussalam: recent developments in mental health services and mental health law
Authors: Ho Hilda
Published: January 2018

Mental health services and legislation in Brunei Darussalam have undergone a period of development and reform. This paper describes the challenges met, recent innovations and priority areas for the next 10 years.
Refugee mental health challenges in Africa
Authors: Njenga Frank G.
Published: January 2018

Nearly all low-income countries are either just themselves emerging from conflict or neighbour a country that has just emerged from one. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (http://www.unhcr.org), of the 38 million uprooted people in 2003 worldwide, Africa played host to 13 million internally displaced persons and 3.5 million refugees.
Mental health in New Zealand
Authors: McGeorge A. P.
Published: January 2018

New Zealand's healthcare system has undergone significant changes in recent times, among them being the establishment in 1993 of a purchaser/provider split and the specific attention given to the development of mental health services. Funding for mental health services (Fig. 1) increased from NZ$270 million in 1993/94 to NZ$866.6 million per annum in 2004/05, a real increase (adjusted for inflation) of 154% (Mental Health Commission, 2006). The bi-partisan political commitment sustaining this funding has had a major impact on the development of recovery-based and culturally specific models of care unrivalled by few countries in the world. However, recent reports (Mental Health Commission, 2006) indicate that, particularly with regard to access, much still remains to be done to address the mental health needs of New Zealanders.
Lessons from an Australian community dialectical behaviour therapy programme for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Thompson Catherine
Published: January 2018

In 2003, the National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE) published guidelines for the development of services for people with personality disorders (NIMHE, 2003), prompting community mental health teams (CMHTs) to reassess their service provision for this patient group. The guidelines did not recommend any particular treatment approach, but CMHTs were encouraged to develop specialist programmes. For many CMHTs the focus has been on borderline personality disorder, as it is one of the most prevalent personality disorders seen in adult mental health services and has high costs for both the patient and the service (Moran, 2002). The evidence base for which treatment may be most effective within the community remains small, however, and this has left many CMHTs unclear regarding a suitable programme. Here I will outline a CMHT-based dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) programme operating in Western Australia and reflect on why I feel it is an option that CMHTs in the UK looking to develop their service should consider.
A comment on the yield from national surveys of mental health
Authors: Jenkins Rachel , Meltzer Howard , Brugha Terry , Bebbington Paul
Published: January 2018

Henderson and Andrews have written a timely paper to examine the yield from national surveys, and pose questions of value for money, survey methods, delineation of pathology by categorical boundaries rather than dimensions, and breadth of risk factors examined. We would like to address the points they raise, exemplified by the purposes (Jenkins et al, 1997) and yield of the British survey programme.
Group intervention for carers of geriatric patients: experiences from a clinic in India
Authors: Henry J. , Jagannathan A. , Bhavana K. , Thomas B. , Bharath S. , Varghese M. , Jhirwal O. P. , Sivakumar P. T.
Published: January 2018

Sixty per cent of the global elderly population live in low-and middle-income countries, and this proportion was expected to rise to 70% by 2010 (International Institute of Ageing, 2001; Ferri et al, 2005). The 2001 Indian census found over 70 million people aged 60 years or more (considered senior citizens according to the Indian National Policy on Older Persons). Most of those senior citizens live with younger family members and are dependent on them for financial and social support. Hence, any physiological and psychological changes in the older family members affect the younger supportive members as well.
Use of translated versions of the MMSE with South Asian elderly patients in the UK
Authors: Tabassum Rashda , Jawed Syed Hasan
Published: January 2018

The elderly population is increasing all over the world, a trend expected to continue well into the next century, particularly in low-income countries (Levkoff et al, 1995). There is an established association between increasing age and cognitive decline (Fillenbaum, 1984) and dementias are common in this age group.
Mental health profile of Ghana
Authors: Asare J. B.
Published: January 2018

Ghana is a West African state that attained independence from Great Britain in 1957 and became a republican state in 1960. Its population is about 22 million (2004 estimate), distributed in ten regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 650000 of the population are suffering from severe mental disorder and 2166000 are suffering from moderate to mild mental disorder (see www.who.int/mental_health/policy/country/ghana/en).
Getting your paper published
Authors: Casey Patricia
Published: January 2018

Embarking on a research project is always exciting, although a large number are not completed. One study of pharmacotherapy projects submitted to a research ethics committee found that after 5 years more than a quarter had not been completed and almost a sixth were considered unpublishable (Winther & Hole, 1997).
Post-traumatic stress disorder in Israeli children
Authors: Tyano Sam
Published: January 2018

Unfortunately, terrorism, violence and other acute adverse life events have become a world-wide problem. There is no country today that is protected from these phenomena and people can no longer feel safe anywhere. This new situation has increased both the scientific interest in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the amount of research conducted on this issue.
Cost issues with telepsychiatry in the United States
Authors: Hilty Donald M. , Bourgeois James A. , Nesbitt Thomas S. , Hales Robert E.
Published: January 2018

Videoconferencing has increased patient access to psychiatric care by linking specialists at academic or regional health centres with primary health care professionals in shortage areas (Hilty et al, 1999, 2002). Preliminary studies have demonstrated positive outcomes and user satisfaction (Hilty et al, 2002). Information is still being sought regarding costs because of a paucity of clinical outcome studies, cost data and randomised trials.
Patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes as quality indicators for mental health services
Authors: Howard Patricia Byrd , El-Mallakh Peggy , Rayens Mary Kay , Clark James J.
Published: January 2018

In the United States, the patient has emerged as the central focus in evaluations of mental health services (Buckley, 1993). Whereas evaluation research in the 1980s emphasised the structure and process of mental health care, current evaluation research incorporates client-based measurements of treatment outcomes, such as symptom reduction, functional status and quality of life (Chisholmet al, 1997; Campbell, 1998). In addition, patient satisfaction with mental health services is increasingly used as an outcome dimension and an indicator of service quality (Center for Mental Health Services, 1996; Teagueet al, 1997; Howardet al, 2003).
The state of mental health in the Philippines
Authors: Tolentino Udgardo Juan L.
Published: January 2018

The Philippines, known as the Pearl of the Orient, is an archipelago of 7107 islands, bounded on the west by the South China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Sulu and Celebes Sea, and on the north by the Bashi Channel. The northernmost islands are about 240 km south of Taiwan and the southernmost islands approximately 24 km from Borneo. The country has a total land area of some 300 000 km2. It is divided into three geographical areas: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. It has 17 regions, 79 provinces, 115 cities, 1495 municipalities and 41 956 barangays (the smallest geographic and political unit). It has over 100 ethnic groups and a myriad of foreign influences (including Malay, Chinese, Spanish and American).
Recruitment of consultant psychiatrists from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ndetei David , Karim Salman , Mubbashar Malik
Published: January 2018

The UK's 2-year International Fellowship Programme for consultant doctors has inadvertently highlighted the long-standing issues of the costs and benefits of such recruitment for the countries of origin, and of whether it is ethical for rich countries to recruit health personnel not only from other rich countries but also from low- and middle-income countries. The ‘brain drain’ from poor to rich countries has been recognised for decades; it occurs in the health sector as well as other sectors, such as education, science and engineering. It has had serious ramifications for the health service infrastructure in low-income countries, where poverty, morbidity, disability and mortality are increasing rather than decreasing, and it is a matter of serious concern for both the World Health Organization and the International Monetary Fund (Carrington & Detragiache, 1998; Lee, 2003).
Ethical international recruitment
Authors: Jenkins Catherine
Published: January 2018

Right from the start of our international recruitment campaign the Department of Health was determined to ensure that international recruitment takes place using a planned and managed approach. Now, the UK leads the way in developing and implementing the types of international recruitment policies called for by the World Health Assembly.
Mental health policy and programmes in Kenya
Authors: Njenga Frank G. , Kigamwa Pius A.
Published: January 2018

Following a 10-year war of liberation (fought by the Mau Mau against the British), Kenya attained full independence from colonial rule in 1963. For 10 years the country enjoyed rapid economic growth (6–7% per annum) but this slowed steadily to near stagnation in the 1990s. Poor governance, abuse of human rights, internal displacements of citizens, large numbers of refugees from neighbouring countries and the AIDS pandemic conspired to reduce Kenyans’ life expectancy to 47 years (in the UK it is presently 77 years). Some 42% of the population now live below the poverty line, and 26% of Kenyans exist on less than US$1 per day. The annual per capita income in Kenya is US$360 (in the UK it is $24 000) (World Bank, 2002). AIDS currently has an estimated prevalence rate of 12%. In large parts of rural Kenya many sexually active adults are unable to work, and elderly grandparents are left to look after orphaned children (some already infected with HIV), as they struggle to deal with their own grief for the loss of many of their own children. In December 2002 a new government was elected, which gives some grounds for optimism in an otherwise bleak situation.
The World Trade Center attack: mental health needs and treatment implications
Authors: Herman Daniel B. , Susser Ezra S.
Published: January 2018

On 11 September 2001, the United States suffered the worst terrorist attacks in its history. In New York City, approximately 3000 persons were killed at the World Trade Center, while many thousands fled for their lives. Millions of other city residents observed the burning towers and breathed the acrid smoke that blanketed the city. Compounding the massive physical destruction and loss of life, the psychological impact of these terrifying events on the populace was profound – there were significant increases in mental distress and symptoms of disorder.
World Psychiatric Association and the College
Authors: Cox John
Published: January 2018

I greatly welcome this opportunity to contribute to the first edition of International Psychiatry and to wish it well on its maiden voyage; the aim of this contribution is to outline those structures and objectives of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) that are relevant to members of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Sustaining international careers: a peer group for psychiatrists working in global mental health
Authors: Eaton Julian , Bouras Nick , Jones Lynne , Hanlon Charlotte , Stewart Rob , Patel Vikram
Published: January 2018

Regular appraisal and revalidation are now a routine part of professional life for doctors in the UK. For British-trained psychiatrists working abroad (in either development/humanitarian or academic fields) this is a cause of insecurity, as most of the processes of revalidation are tailored to those working in the standard structures of the National Health Service. This article explores the degree to which a peer group for psychiatrists working abroad has achieved its aim of helping its members to fulfil their revalidation requirements. It gives recommendations for how those considering work abroad can maximise their chances of remaining recognised under the revalidation system.
Legal regulation of mental healthcare provision in Russia
Authors: Neznanov N. G. , Vasileva V.
Published: January 2018

The article describes the changes that have taken place in the mental healthcare system in Russia since a new mental health law came into force. The focus is on involuntary hospitalisation and the guarantee of patients' rights.
Participation of psychiatric nurses in public and private mental healthcare in Kenya
Authors: de Menil Victoria Pattison , Knapp Martin
Published: January 2018

We studied the rate of participation of psychiatric nurses in mental healthcare in Kenya. A simple questionnaire was delivered to 50 nurses attending a mental health meeting of the National Nursing Alliance of Kenya in April 2012. Of the 40 nurses with psychiatric nursing qualifications, 19 worked specifically as psychiatric nurses; among those employed as general nurses, half their case-loads were mental health patients. Ten per cent of psychiatric nurses had run a private clinic (75% of them general clinics) and 15% were doing private locum work alongside salaried employment. Kenya would need to increase the number of psychiatric nurses 20-fold in order to achieve an internationally recommended ratio (for low-income countries) of 12 psychiatric nurses per 100 000. It appears psychiatric nurses are migrating internally to nursing positions in other areas of healthcare, aggravating the ‘brain drain’ in mental health.
An overview of mental health legislation in Singapore
Authors: Ho Roger C. , Ho Cyrus S. , Khan Nusrat , Kua Ee Heok
Published: January 2018

This article summarises the development of mental health legislation in Singapore in three distinctive periods: pre-1965; 1965–2007 and 2007 onwards. It highlights the origin of mental health legislation and the relationship between mental health services and legislation in Singapore. The Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act 2008 and Mental Capacity Act 2008 are described in detail.
A witch defended by a psychiatrist
Authors: Dhadphale Manohar
Published: January 2018

Some 40 years ago I was at a loss when I was summoned as an expert witness in an indigenous tribal court to defend a witness accused of witchcraft. The experience shows how the psychiatrist's work requires knowledge of an individual's spiritual framework.
Reconciliation and psychosocial understanding
Authors: Alderdice John Lord
Published: January 2018

‘Reconciliation’ generally means the development of good relations where they have never truly existed before. This paper refers principally to the example of Northern Ireland and the Irish peace process. Psychiatrists should examine what really contributes to ‘large group’ reconciliation, as the absence of the psychiatric perspective would be a serious loss in the search for post-conflict well-being at the communal level.
Mental illness stigma research in Argentina
Authors: Agrest Martin , Mascayano Franco , Ardila-Gómez Sara Elena , Abeldaño Ariel , Fernandez Ruth , Geffner Norma , Leiderman Eduardo Adrian , Susser Ezra S. , Valencia Eliecer , Yang Lawrence Hsin , Zalazar Virginia , Lipovetzky Gustavo
Published: January 2018

Studies regarding stigma towards mental illness in Argentina blossomed after the first National Mental Health Law was passed in 2010. Methodological limitations and contradictory results regarding community perceptions of stigma hinder comparisons across domestic and international contexts but some lessons may still be gleaned. We examine this research and derive recommendations for future research and actions to reduce stigma. These include tackling culture-specific aspects of stigma, increasing education of the general population, making more community-based services available and exposing mental health professionals to people with mental illness who are on community paths to recovery.
An international perspective on the acceptability and sustainability of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Maughan Daniel , Molodynski Andrew
Published: January 2018

There is robust evidence that electroconvulsive therapy is an effective treatment for some mental illnesses. Despite this, its use remains controversial and is declining in some countries, with a consequent loss of skills and knowledge. This, and the view of it as a ‘treatment of last resort’, may undermine its sustainability.
Increasing momentum in prevention of mental illness and mental health promotion across Europe
Authors: Samele Chiara
Published: January 2018

Prevention of mental illness and mental health promotion activities across Europe have gathered some pace since the launch of the European Union's Pact for Mental Health and Well-Being in 2008. Within the context of a large treatment gap in mental health and limited resources to meet the high demand for mental healthcare, a concerted effort is now needed to ensure that initiatives in both mental illness prevention and mental health promotion become a fundamental part of where we are educated, work and live. Cost-effective, evidence-based approaches in prevention and promotion make these initiatives more accessible.
Mental health legislation in Bulgaria – a brief overview
Authors: Hinkov Hristo
Published: January 2018

Bulgaria has never had a separate law on mental health. Issues such as mandatory treatment, guardianship and legal capacity were regulated in the People's Health Act, which was in force until 2005, when it was replaced by a new Health Act. That Act has a chapter relating specifically to mental health, and this article describes its provisions.
Dementia and family burden of care in Lebanon
Authors: Chaaya Monique , Phung Kieu , Atweh Samir , El Asmar Khalil , Karam Georges , Khoury Rosemary , Ghandour Lilian , Ghusn Husam , Assaad Sarah , Prince Martin , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: January 2018

The burden on and mental well-being of family carers for the elderly, especially those with dementia, has been well studied in high-income countries and to a lesser extent in the Arab region. Our study of Lebanese carers highlights the importance of considering the psychological well-being of the family carer, and the role of dementia and depression in increasing the burden of care. Psychosocial interventions have produced equivocal results and therefore customised and contextualised interventions need to be researched. Greater understanding of the coping mechanisms used by carers is required and an examination of the positive aspects of caring is warranted.
Mental health strategy and impact evaluation in Qatar
Authors: Sharkey Terence
Published: January 2018

In Qatar between 2008 and 2011, strategic developments at governmental level were beginning to reflect a more positive understanding of mental health. Under the leadership of the Ministry of Public Health, key stakeholders agreed to develop a strategy to reform the mental health system, while tackling stigma. This article discusses the development of the National Mental Health Strategy for Qatar, Changing Minds, Changing Lives, 2013–18, its implementation, and the findings from an independent impact evaluation carried out in 2015.
Mental health law in Ghana
Authors: Walker George Hudson , Osei Akwasi
Published: January 2018

In 2012 Ghana passed a new Mental Health Act, which aimed to create a new system of mental healthcare in Ghana. The Act includes provisions for the creation of a modern, community-based mental health system and for the protection of the rights of persons with mental disorders. This article discusses the implications of the Act and the progress which has been made towards its implementation.
Antigen-specific Treg cells in immunological tolerance: implications for allergic diseases
Authors: Abdel-Gadir Azza , Massoud Amir H. , Chatila Talal A.
Published: January 2018

Allergic diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders in which there is failure to mount effective tolerogenic immune responses to inciting allergens. The alarming rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in recent decades has spurred investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of breakdown in tolerance in these disorders and means of restoring it. Tolerance to allergens is critically dependent on the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells, which mediate a state of sustained non-responsiveness to the offending allergen. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms governing the generation and function of allergen-specific Treg cells and their subversion in allergic diseases. We will also outline approaches to harness allergen-specific Treg cell responses to restore tolerance in these disorders.
A SNP resource for studying North American moose
Authors: Kalbfleisch Theodore S. , Murdoch Brenda M. , Smith Timothy P. L. , Murdoch James D. , Heaton Michael P. , McKay Stephanie D.
Published: January 2018

Background: Moose (Alces alces) colonized the North American continent from Asia less than 15,000 years ago, and spread across the boreal forest regions of Canada and the northern United States (US).  Contemporary populations have low genetic diversity, due either to low number of individuals in the original migration (founder effect), and/or subsequent population bottlenecks in North America.  Genetic tests based on informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are helpful in forensic and wildlife conservation activities, but have been difficult to develop for moose, due to the lack of a reference genome assembly and whole genome sequence (WGS) data.

Methods:  WGS data were generated for four individual moose from the US states of Alaska, Idaho, Wyoming, and Vermont with minimum and average genome coverage depths of 14- and 19-fold, respectively.  Cattle and sheep reference genomes were used for aligning sequence reads and identifying moose SNPs.

Results:  Approximately 11% and 9% of moose WGS reads aligned to cattle and sheep genomes, respectively.  The reads clustered at genomic segments, where sequence identity between these species was greater than 95%.  In these segments, average mapped read depth was approximately 19-fold.  Sets of 46,005 and 36,934 high-confidence SNPs were identified from cattle and sheep comparisons, respectively, with 773 and 552 of those having minor allele frequency of 0.5 and conserved flanking sequences in all three species.  Among the four moose, heterozygosity and allele sharing of SNP genotypes were consistent with decreasing levels of moose genetic diversity from west to east.  A minimum set of 317 SNPs, informative across all four moose, was selected as a resource for future SNP assay design.

Conclusions:  All SNPs and associated information are available, without restriction, to support development of SNP-based tests for animal identification, parentage determination, and estimating relatedness in North American moose.
Forrageio diurno de Odontomachus bauri Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em plantio de Eucalyptus sp. no município de Volta Redonda-RJ
Authors: Amaral Gustavo Correiro , Vargas André Barbosa , Almeida Fábio Souto
Published: January 2018

Resumo. O estudo da atividade de forrageio diurno de Odontomachus bauri Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em um plantio de Eucalyptus sp. foi realizado na Fazenda Volta Redonda localizada no município de Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro. Para as observações foram demarcados três ninhos distantes no mínimo 50 m entre si. Estes foram monitorados alternadamente a cada 20 min., ao longo do dia no período de 6:00 h às 18:00 h totalizando 108 horas em nove dias no período de abril a agosto de 2015. As saídas dos ninhos foram mais frequentes no período da tarde (35%), e a chegada com recurso alimentar acontecia ao longo do dia com maior frequência no período da manhã. Dentre a diversidade dos itens coletadosestão insetos de várias ordens, sementes, folhas, flores e aranhas, demonstrando um ecletismo alimentar peculiar do gênero. Os itens mais coletados foram pupas de insetos e sementes. A espécie O. bauri apresentou um padrão de atividade similar ao já descrito na literatura, entretanto, demonstrou maior atividade ao final da manhã, acompanhando o aumento de temperatura.Daytime foraging of Odontomachus bauri Emery in eucalyptus plantation in the municipality of Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro State, BrasilAbstract. The study of Odontomachus bauri Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) daytime foraging activity in a plantation of Eucalyptus sp. was conducted in the Farm Volta Redonda, located in the city of Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Three nests were marked for observations. The nests were distant more than 50 m apart. These were monitored alternately every 20 min. throughout the day in the period of 6:00 h to 18:00 h. In total, the nests were monitored by 108 hours. The outputs of the ants of the nests were higher in the afternoon (35%), but the arrival with some kind of food resources was happening throughout the day more often in the morning. Amongst the diversity of items collected by O. bauri are insects of various orders, seeds, leaves, flowers and spiders. The most collected items were pupae of insects and seeds. The activity of this species was positively affected by air temperature. Thus, O. bauri shown a generalist species with foraging activity at the end of the morning, accompanying the increase in temperature.
Defensive froth in Arctiidae species (Lepidoptera) in the Rio Grande Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Molina Tiziane Fernandes , Di Mare Rocco
Published: January 2018

Abstract. All the organisms are chemosensitive, besides being a source of substances capable of being perceived by other organisms. It is observed in Lepidoptera a great quantity of volatiles with signaling potential, or pheromones, which influence diverse behavioral aspects, such as reproduction, feeding and defense. In the Arctiidae family, the release of froth is a common defensive characteristic of these animals. This froth has not yet been investigated in regards to its pharmacological relationships, such as the relationship with secondary substances produced from host plants. This communication is intended to register the occurrence of this behavior of Phaloe cruenta (Hubner) and Hypercompe indecisa (Walker) recorded respectively in the Turvo State Park and in Alegrete, in the Rio Grande do Sul State.Espuma defensiva em espécies de Arctiidae no Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilResumo. Todos os organismos são quimiossenssíveis, além de serem fonte de substâncias capazes de serem percebidas por outros organismos. Em Lepidoptera pode ser observada uma grande quantidade de voláteis com potencial sinalizador, ou feromônios, que influenciam diversos aspectos comportamentais, como na reprodução, alimentação e defesa. Na família Arctiidae, a liberação de uma espuma é característica comum e defensiva desses insetos. Tal espuma ainda não foi investigada quanto à sua relação farmacológica, como a relação com substâncias secundárias produzidas a partir de plantas-hospedeiras. Nesta nota pretende-se registrar a ocorrência desse comportamento de Phaloe cruenta (Hubner) e Hypercompe indecisa (Walker) registradas, respectivamente, no Parque Estadual do Turvo e em Alegrete, no Rio Grande do Sul.
Registros de ocorrência e novos hospedeiros de Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) nos estados do Acre e Paraná
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Souza , Hata Fernando Teruhiko , Coelho Luci Boa Nova , Ventura Mauricio Ursi
Published: January 2018

Resumo. Foi observada a ocorrência de colônias do percevejo-de-renda Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) em folhas de quatro plantas hospedeiras: arruda (Ruta graveolens L.) e feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC), em jardim residencial urbano, no Município de Rio Branco, AC e crotalária, Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, feijão-de-porco e quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), em casa de vegetação, no Município de Londrina, PR. As colônias encontravam-se exclusivamente na face abaxial das folhas, causando clorose, murchamento e senescência precoce das mesmas. Pelo fato de G. lunulata ser considerada uma importante praga do maracujazeiro no Brasil, o plantio das espécies vegetais citadas, em consórcio ou próximas a cultivos de maracujá, não seria recomendado, pois poderiam servir como fonte de inóculo à cultura do maracujazeiro. Faz-se, portanto, o primeiro registro da ocorrência de G. lunulata associada à arruda e feijão-de-porco no estado do Acre e C. spectabilis, feijão-de-porco e quiabeiro, no estado do Paraná. Ademais, o presente trabalho faz o primeiro relato de ocorrência desse tingídeo para os estados do Acre e Paraná e relata dois novos hospedeiros para esse inseto, R. graveolens e C. spectabillis no Brasil.Occurrence records and new hosts of Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in the states of Acre and Paraná, BrazilAbstract. The occurrence of Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was observed in leaves of four host plants: rue (Ruta graveolens L.) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC ) in an urban residential garden, in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil and Crotalaria spectabilis (L.), jack bean and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in a greenhouse, in the municipality of Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. The colonies were found exclusively on the abaxial face of the leaves, causing chlorosis, wilting and early senescence of the same. Because G. lunulata is considered to be an important passion fruit pest in Brazil, the planting of the mentioned plant species, in intercropping or near to passion fruit crops, would not be recommended, since they could serve as plant species inoculum to passion fruit cultivation. Therefore, the occurrence of G. lunulata associated to R. graveolens and jack bean in Acre State; and C. spectabilis, jack bean, and okra, in Paraná State is record for the first time. In addition, the present work reports the first occurrence of this tingid to the States of Acre and Paraná and reports two new hosts for this insect, R. graveolens and C. spectabillis in Brazil.
Intercropping Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel (Amaryllidaceae) reduces Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations in strawberry
Authors: Hata Fernando Teruhiko , Ventura Maurício Ursi , Béga Vinádio Lucas , De Paula Maria Tereza , Camacho Iara Muniz
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The twospotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests on greenhouses/high tunnels worldwide. We evaluated effects of Chinese chive grown under the wooden structure which supports the bags used of strawberry grown, in two high tunnels from November 2016 to January 2017. TSSM mobile forms and number of eggs were counted on strawberry leaves. Five plants were randomly chosen on each plot. TSSM populations on strawberry leaves were assessed with magnifying glass (10 ×). Reductions were observed on three of eight assessments on TSSM mobile forms. On one date was observed reductions on mean number of TSSM eggs. Cumulate mite days overall data of TSSM mobile forms from two high tunnels reveals a reduction with intercrop. On the other hand, number of eggs was not altered. Results suggest that Chinese chive intercropped can reduce TSSM populations on strawberry high tunnels.Efeito do cultivo consorciado de Allium tuberosum Rottlerex Sprengel(Amaryllidaceae) em populações de Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) em morangueiro Resumo. O ácaro-rajado, Tetranychus urticae Koch, é uma das mais importantes pragas em casas de vegetação no mundo. Foi avaliado o efeito do consórcio de cebolinha chinesa, cultivada sob as estruturas de madeira que suportam as sacolas para o cultivo de morangueiro (sistema suspenso), em duas casas de vegetação, entre novembro de 2016 e janeiro de 2017. Formas móveis e ovos de ácaros foram contabilizados em folhas de morangueiro. Para as avaliações, cinco plantas foram aleatoriamente selecionadas em cada parcela. Populações de ácaro-rajado em folhas de morangueiro foram avaliadas com lupa de bolso, com 10 x de aumento. Reduções foram observadas em três de oito avaliações de formas móveis de ácaro-rajado. Foram observadas reduções no número de ovos em uma avaliação. Tomando em consideração os dados de ácaros acumulados por dia, foi observado que o consórcio reduziu em 54% a população de ácaros. Por outro lado, o número de ovos não foi alterado.
First record of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the state of Acre, Brazil
Authors: Adaime Ricardo , Santos Rodrigo Souza , Azevedo Tatyane da Silva , Vasconcelos Adriana da Silva , Sousa Maria do Socorro Miranda de , Souza-Filho Miguel Francisco
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We report for the first time the presence of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the state of Acre, Brazil, reared from guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) and star fruit (Averrhoacarambola L.). This finding increases our knowledge about the geographical records of this fruit fly in the Brazilian Amazon.Primeiro registro de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) no estado do Acre, BrasilResumo. Registra-se pela primeira vez a presença de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) no estado do Acre, Brasil, a partir de frutos de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) e de caramboleira (Averrhoacarambola L.), aumentando o conhecimento dos registros geográficos dessa mosca na Amazônia brasileira.
Wonderful Me!: evaluation of a multidisciplinary therapy package for overweight psychiatric patients
Authors: Merriman Sheila , Riddell Diane , Thrush Nora
Published: January 2018

The problems of impaired physical health and low self-esteem in the obese are well recognised. Obesity can be a confounding factor when rehabilitating young psychiatric inpatients to the community. ‘Wonderful Me!’ is the pilot for a multidisciplinary therapy package aimed at reducing weight while improving physical fitness and self-esteem.
The effects of classical massage and connective tissue manipulation on bowel function
Authors: Holey Liz A , Lawler Hilary
Published: January 2018

Poor bowel function is a problem which affects a large proportion of the population. This article investigates the effects of classical (Swedish) abdominal massage and connective tissue manipulation (CTM) on the bowel function of a subject with reported constipation. Both treatment interventions improved bowel function over baseline measures, but CTM appeared to have a greater clinical effect in terms of the frequency and consistency of the stool.
Clinical competence and academic standards — the balance
Authors: Klem Rosemary
Published: January 2018

There has been considerable discussion in the educational press about quality, competence and standards in education at a time when preregistration education for our various professions has moved into the higher education (HE) sector. Managers in the health sector are rightly concerned that the ‘output’ from the various undergraduate programmes meets the needs of the service to be provided. Can newly qualified practitioners do the job they want them to do? Are they clinically competent?
Measuring young people’s citizenship activity
Authors: Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz Beata , Zalewska Anna M.
Published: January 2018

In this article we present a different approach to citizenship research and understanding, with a focus on the citizenship model described by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz in a study included in this thematic issue of CTL. The model developed by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz consists of eight types of citizenship behaviour defined in three dimensions: (1) passive citizenship (including national identity and patriotism); (2) semi-active citizenship (civic virtues and loyalty); and (3) active citizenship (political, social, personal and change-oriented activity). A 34-question Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) was used to evaluate students’ citizenship behaviours on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Research was conducted in fourteen European countries with a total sample of 4920 students aged 11–12 (early adolescence, 1526 students), 14–15 (middle adolescence, 1675 students) and 17–18 (late adolescence, 1719 students), consisting of 2502 girls and 2418 boys living in cities (2300) and towns (2620). Details of the research procedure and research team and comparison between countries are also presented.
Young people’s citizenship activity in times of change: Case of Russia
Authors: Nizovskikh Nina , Vtyurina Tatiana , Mitina Olga
Published: January 2018

The Russian Federation is the historical successor to previous forms of statehood, which has more than a 1000 years of history. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to fundamental changes in the sociopolitical sphere, in the economy, and in the social structure of the country. Civic education in Russia in times of change also undergoes some changes, but at the same time retains many of the traditions established by predecessors. The article presents the results of a study of civic engagement of young Russians. The study was conducted in 2014 using a questionnaire by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz to study the civic activity of schoolchildren. The participants of the study (n=433) live in one of the Russian regional centres and in the small settlements of this area. Overall, 234 girls and 199 boys aged 11−18 took part in the study. This empirical study has revealed that age is the most important factor that determines the differences in the civic activity of young people. To some extent the indicators of civic activity depend on the gender and place of residence of the respondents. Semi-active and passive citizenship of young people is most pronounced, whereas active citizenship has lower indicators. The authors argue that development of civic consciousness and cultivation of historical memory for understanding the past and building the future with regard to spiritual values of their own people are essential for the development of civic activity in the youth.
Synchronic responsibility: A commentary on Walter J. Ong’s work on time consciousness
Authors: Petricini Tiffany
Published: January 2018

This article is a commentary on Walter Ong’s scholarship on time consciousness, investigating the human consciousness of time as it relates to knowledge, orality and literacy. Time consciousness in the age of electronically mediated communication is both embodied and synchronic, yet vestiges of older ontologies persist rhetorically. This article outlines the clash between these ontologies and the problems that have arisen in the current age. The goal is to open the text to scholars and readers for heuristic value to prompt further investigation.
Such is art: Reflections on the role of the arts in education and therapy
Authors: Ross Malcolm
Published: January 2018

In this personal article I reflect on my practice as an arts teacher. In my teaching I focus on the making and appreciation of the arts, meeting, as I see it, the individual student’s hunger for personal meaning. The essence of entering into the formative conversations of art making and art loving is to place those conversations within Winnicott’s ‘potential space’ of play. Citing the testimony of poets and other writers I look at the complementary roles of artist-teacher and artist-therapist in drawing the client and the student into a first-hand experience of personal truth: in the re-making of their subjective worlds Otherwise.
Exploring the impact on the health and well-being of young adults’ participation in ‘The Club’
Authors: Manship Sharon
Published: January 2018

This study explores the impact of creative arts on the health and well-being of six selected young adults who participated in productions at a performance and entertainment venture (‘The Club’). The qualitative design incorporates in-depth interviews with performers and producers to uncover their stories and experiences, from which key themes are drawn. The study uncovers a number of physical, mental and psychosocial benefits, including empowerment, the learning of new skills, creating and maintaining positive relationships, enhanced confidence and resilience, opportunities for self-expression, and engagement in meaningful activities. Challenges to well-being are also elicited regarding the sometimes negative impact of creative roles on health and well-being. The findings align with evidence from previous studies about the benefits of creative arts in terms of health and well-being promotion. Suggestions for community-based interventions incorporating creative arts are made, including the need for further research in this area.
Art and intellectual disability: Exploratory evaluation of the diARTE programme
Authors: Vega Blanca Galván , Saavedra Javier
Published: January 2018

The present work offers an exploratory evaluation of the possible benefits of the diARTE programme. This programme was applied to a group of adults with mild intellectual disability (ID) and/or learning disorders from a pre-working centre in Seville (Spain). The intervention was characterized by the use of different artistic disciplines in order to improve their social skills. It was applied in eight sessions, each of them two hours long, for two months. Data on the possible benefits of the intervention were obtained in two ways: observation and interviews. Results suggest that there were improvements in self-knowledge and verbal and non-verbal ability, and learning and assimilation of artistic resources in order to deal with emotional situations.