bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic integrity and community ties at a small, religious-affiliated liberal arts college
Authors: Bath Michael , Hovde Peter , George Erik , Schulz Kacie , Larson Elise , Brunvatne Eirik
Published: July 2020

While the increased incidence of academic integrity violations in university classrooms has been well documented over the past several decades, inconsistent attention has been given to small liberal arts colleges in terms of both cheating practices and attitudes towards cheating. This study aims to address this disparity by focusing on academic integrity at Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota; a small undergraduate institution with a strong church affiliation. We hypothesise that institutional practices and the small-college culture that are unique to smaller colleges like Concordia act to limit the incidence of academic integrity violations. Our case study makes use of data collected from two student surveys - one conducted in 2008, and a follow-up survey conducted in 2010. Variables representing a range of internal and external factors that contribute to cheating were incorporated into a regression model designed to measure the impact of contextual influences that are potentially unique to students at a small, church-affiliated liberal arts college. Given our findings, we conclude that the college would be wise to consider adopting a traditional honour code system.
A preventative approach to plagiarism: An empirical study of a first-year unit for undergraduates
Authors: Darab Sandy
Published: July 2020

This paper reports on an empirical study into the communications of academic values, codes and conventions within a large-scale foundation studies unit for firstyear undergraduates at a regional Australian university in first semester 2005. In this unit, one of the foci was teaching students about issues of plagiarism and assessing how students reflected upon and took up those ethics. The unit’s content and its assessment were conducted online. Students engaged in experiential learning within multiple online tasks associated with plagiarism and of direct relevance to unit assessment. Unit design, delivery and assessment involved a cyclic process of action research, which facilitated insights into students’ value communications and academic skill development over the semester. A qualitative analysis of students’ communications within sequential online assessment tasks and anonymous surveys, as well as the value discourses articulated by students and staff, reveals most students were highly receptive to information on plagiarism and intent upon avoiding it through developing academic skills.
APFEI Membership Form 2008
Authors: Bretag Tracey
Published: July 2020

Please download and complete the membership form for the Asia Pacific Forum on Educational Integrity. Please forward with your payment to Ms Melissa Ellmers, Finance Officer, School of Management, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001.

Benefits of membership include:

Access to the APFEI website and discussion list;

Opportunities to contribute to the APFEI wiki/respository of resources;

Discounted individual membership;

Collaboration with the Center for Academic Integrity (Clemson University, USA, and plagarismadvice.org (Northumbria University, UK);

15% discount on bi-annual APFEI conference registration to all delegates with individual or institutional membership;

Networking opportunities with key researchers in the field, including mentoring to publish in the IJEI;

Reputational benefit in being associated with the first organisation in the region specifically devoted to issues of educational integrity; and

Access to key researchers/speakers/professional developers to conduct seminars and training.
Pedagogy, not policing. Positive approaches to academic integrity at the university.
Authors: McGowan Ursula
Published: July 2020

At last, here is a complete volume that aims to promote a series of positive and educationally sound approaches to academic integrity that are, to my mind, long overdue. The book is, as the editors point out, the product of the Future Professoriate Program (FPP) of the Syracuse University Graduate School. Its aim is to inspire readers to â€œfeel affirmed as educatorsâ€:

It is good to remember that in many ways, promoting academic integrity is not something new we have to conform to; it is something that happens naturally whenever we are active learners and thoughtful educators. (p. 2)

In questioning some of the familiar assumptions about academic integrity which pose barriers to active learning and thoughtful pedagogy, this volume represents a welcome leap forward to wrench the primary focus away from policing and punishment and directing it towards sound teaching practice.

View the PDF for the full review
Editorial Volume 7 (1)
Authors: Bretag Tracey
Published: July 2020

I am pleased to be back at the editorial desk of the IJEI, after the wonderful guest editing work of Chris Moore and Ruth Walker on the Special Issue: Digital Technologies and Educational Integrity, Volume 6(2). With invited contributions, research articles and many reviews of recent works on the topic, 6(2) was indeed a special issue.

Download PDF to view full editorial
Can a policy change practice? An evidence-based approach to developing policy
Authors: Martin Jennifer , Van Haeringen Karen
Published: July 2020

Universities agree that there is a need to educate students about academic integrity and that the quality of the awards they confer on their students is compromised if students gain credit for work where breaches of academic integrity have been overlooked or not dealt with in a consistent matter. This paper describes how one university developed a new institutional framework and accompanying policy document in order to simplify the processes, ensure that students receive educational assistance when required and respond to the dissatisfaction of academic staff with the existing

policy and processes. The context for these changes included perceptions in the press that the number of cases of academic misconduct were increasing and that there is an ever-increasing reliance on electronic sources of information. The development of the institutional framework and the related policy are analysed using a policy cycle model and conclusions are drawn about the success of the policy implementation based on practice aligning with policy.
Staff and student perspectives on the potential of honour codes in the UK
Authors: Yakovchuk Nadya , Badge Joe , Scott Jon
Published: July 2020

Honour code systems have been long-established in some American universities, associated with cultures of academic integrity. This study considers the perceptions of students and staff, elicited through focus groups and electronic voting, in one UK higher education institution regarding the potential for implementation of these systems in the UK. Whilst the main principles of honour codes were broadly welcomed, implementation in the UK higher education context was perceived as problematic. Although both staff and students saw educational benefits in increased student involvement in the promotion of academic integrity and good academic practice, there was a tension between staff who would like to increase the responsibilities of students and the reality of the students' seeming lack of confidence in their ability to discharge those responsibilities. The introduction of students as participants in plagiarism hearing panels and processes was tentatively supported, potentially offering a route to break down the staff-student dichotomy.
Streamlining plagiarism detection: The role of electronic assessment management
Authors: Ellis Cath
Published: July 2020

This paper considers the problem of managing the workload implications of plagiarism detection as part of the larger issue of assessment management and within a holistic approach to educational integrity. It looks specifically at the potential for Electronic Assessment Management (EAM) to provide some of the solutions to this problem. It draws on the work of Mantz Yorke whose research into assessment management calls for the establishment of appropriate structures and mechanisms which support systems that achieve the dual imperatives of efficiency and effectiveness. This paper considers the workload issues related to plagiarism detection under these dual imperatives, looking first at the issue of effectiveness and then turning to consider the issue of efficiency. Finally, it argues for why and how these issues should be taken into account in the procurement of digital plagiarism detection software and how the use of these tools should fit within a rigorous and consistent holistic approach to educational integrity.
The missing meso: Variation in staff experiences of an academic practice initiative and lessons for educational change
Authors: Baughan Patrick
Published: July 2020

This paper examines variation in change agents' experiences of an intended culture change, following their implementation of an organisation-wide initiative at a single university. The purpose of the initiative was to promote better understanding of a range of academic practice and academic conduct issues amongst students and staff, and generate an institution-wide culture change. The change agents were interviewed and resulting data analysed using the phenomenographic approach, from which four qualitatively different conceptions were developed. The results suggest that a full culture change has not occurred, but that instances of localised changes have taken place. Drawing on two theoretical models, it is argued that in initiatives of this type, greater account needs to be taken of the meso level – cultures and practices in departmental and programme contexts – and that such meso level considerations should be used to complement central planning approaches adopted by academic leaders who design such initiatives.
The Promise of Patient Portals for Individuals Living With Chronic Illness: Qualitative Study Identifying Pathways of Patient Engagement
Authors: Stewart Maureen T , Hogan Timothy P , Nicklas Jeff , Robinson Stephanie A , Purington Carolyn M , Miller Christopher J , Vimalananda Varsha G , Connolly Samantha L , Wolfe Hill L , Nazi Kim M , Netherton Dane , Shimada Stephanie L
Published: July 2020

Background

Patients play a critical role in managing their health, especially in the context of chronic conditions like diabetes. Electronic patient portals have been identified as a potential means to improve patient engagement; that is, patients’ involvement in their care. However, little is known about the pathways through which portals may help patients engage in their care.

Objective

Our objective is to understand how an electronic patient portal facilitates patient engagement among individuals with diabetes.

Methods

This qualitative study employed semistructured telephone interviews of 40 patients living with diabetes since at least 2011, who had experienced uncontrolled diabetes, and had used secure messaging through a portal at least 4 times over 18 months. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using primarily an inductive approach to identify how patients living with diabetes use an online health portal to support diabetes self-management.

Results

Overall, patients who used the portal reported feeling engaged in their health care. We identified four pathways by which the portal facilitates patient engagement and some challenges. The portal provides a platform that patients use to (1) better understand their health by asking questions about new symptoms, notes, or labs, (2) prepare for medical appointments by reviewing labs and notes, (3) coordinate care between VA (Veterans Affairs) and non-VA health care teams, and (4) reach out to providers to request help between visits. Several patients reported that the portal helped improve the patient-provider relationship; however, aspects of the portal design may hinder engagement for others. Patients reported challenges with both secure messaging and access to medical records that had negative impacts on their engagement. Benefits for patient engagement were described by many types of portal users with varying degrees of diabetes control.

Conclusions

Patient portals support engagement by facilitating patient access to their health information and by facilitating patient-provider communication. Portals can help a wide range of users engage with their care.
A Review of Mobile Apps for Addressing Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (Preprint)
Authors: Stubbings Daniel , Watt Andy , Moya Sánchez Raquel
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Mobile apps may present an opportunity to increase access to psychological interventions aimed at addressing Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI).

OBJECTIVE

To review virtual stores and published literature regarding mobile apps that are intended to address NSSI either directly or indirectly.

METHODS

The review in August 2019 was comprised of two stages; the first focused on searching iTunes and Google Play commercial app stores. The second involved identifying published articles in the following databases: The Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science.

RESULTS

Six apps had been specifically designed to treat NSSI. Four apps had been developed that were not specific to treating NSSI but could be potentially useful. Five apps aimed to facilitate a community forum resource for those with NSSI. Five apps had been created to provide informative resources specific to NSSI and a further eight apps were relevant to those who present with NSSI but were not specifically created for that population. One hundred and forty papers were identified in the literature search with eight being relevant to the review. A further six papers of relevance were identified when using the app name as the search term.

CONCLUSIONS

The evidence-base pertaining to the use of mobile apps to address NSSI is small but growing. Further research is needed before robust recommendations can be made. Many of the existing apps show potential for increasing access to evidence-based interventions, increasing social support and providing quick access to local supportive resources and information.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Pandit Jay A. , Lores Enrique , Batlle Daniel
Published: July 2020

Current BP measurements are on the basis of traditional BP cuff approaches. Ambulatory BP monitoring, at 15- to 30-minute intervals usually over 24 hours, provides sufficiently continuous readings that are superior to the office-based snapshot, but this system is not suitable for frequent repeated use. A true continuous BP measurement that could collect BP passively and frequently would require a cuffless method that could be worn by the patient, with the data stored electronically much the same way that heart rate and heart rhythm are already done routinely. Ideally, BP should be measured continuously and frequently during diverse activities during both daytime and nighttime in the same subject by means of novel devices. There is increasing excitement for newer methods to measure BP on the basis of sensors and algorithm development. As new devices are refined and their accuracy is improved, it will be possible to better assess masked hypertension, nocturnal hypertension, and the severity and variability of BP. In this review, we discuss the progression in the field, particularly in the last 5 years, ending with sensor-based approaches that incorporate machine learning algorithms to personalized medicine.
Preprint Servers in Kidney Disease Research
Authors: Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Giles Cameron , Hiremath Swapnil , Lanktree Matthew B.
Published: July 2020

Preprint servers, such as arXiv and bioRxiv, have disrupted the scientific communication landscape by providing rapid access to research before peer review. medRxiv was launched as a free online repository for preprints in the medical, clinical, and related health sciences in 2019. In this review, we present the uptake of preprint server use in nephrology and discuss specific considerations regarding preprint server use in medicine. Distribution of kidney-related research on preprint servers is rising at an exponential rate. Survey of nephrology journals identified that 15 of 17 (88%) are publishing original research accepted submissions that have been uploaded to preprint servers. After reviewing 52 clinically impactful trials in nephrology discussed in the online Nephrology Journal Club (NephJC), an average lag of 300 days was found between study completion and publication, indicating an opportunity for faster research dissemination. Rapid review of papers discussing benefits and risks of preprint server use from the researcher, publisher, or end user perspective identified 53 papers that met criteria. Potential benefits of biomedical preprint servers included rapid dissemination, improved transparency of the peer review process, greater visibility and recognition, and collaboration. However, these benefits come at the risk of rapid spread of results not yet subjected to the rigors of peer review. Preprint servers shift the burden of critical appraisal to the reader. Media may be especially at risk due to their focus on “late-breaking” information. Preprint servers have played an even larger role when late-breaking research results are of special interest, such as during the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 has brought both the benefits and risks of preprint servers to the forefront. Given the prominent online presence of the nephrology community, it is poised to lead the medicine community in appropriate use of preprint servers.
Study of utilization three varieties of mango and concentration of apple vinegar towards physicochemical characteristics of mango chutney
Authors: Desiana Nuriza Putri Muhammad Husa, Elfi Anis Saati
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Chutney is a native Indian processed product, made from cuts of fruits or vegetables and nuts cooked in a sweet, sour and spice mixture. The quality requirements of chutney are influenced by the use of raw materials herbs and spices. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of three varieties of mango and its interaction with concentration of apple vinegar towards physicochemical characteristics of mango chutney. The experimental design of this study used a nested design with two factors. The first factor was three varieties of mango consisting of podang mango, gadung, and kweni and the second factor was the concentration of apple vinegar (5%: 10%: 15%).Parameters analyzed were moisture content, ash content, vitamin C, total soluble solids, total titrated acids, pH, crude fiber, antioxidant activity, color intensity, topicality and hedonic test (flavor, aroma, and appearance). The study showed that differences in mango varieties and apple vinegar concentration did not interact with moisture content, ash content, total soluble solids, total titrated acids, vitamin C, crude fiber, antioxidant activity, pH, color intensity, topicality and hedonic test. The differences in mango varieties significantly affected on water content, color intensity (L and a+), topicality, and hedonic test, whereas the difference of apple vinegar concentration had no significant effect on ash content, pH, total soluble solids, total titrated acids, vitamin C, crude fiber, and antioxidant activity. The optimum composition based on De Garmo test chutney made from gadung mango and 5% apple vinegar (G2C1) with moisture content 23,50 %, ash content 3,15 % vitamin C 0,10 %, total titrated acid 0,75 %, crude fiber 7,05 %, total soluble solids 4,60 ºbrix, ph 4,31 %, antioxidant activity 93,67 %, colour intensity: lightness (L) 36,13, redness (a+ ) 4,67 and yellowness ( b+) 10,00, Topicality 10,67 cm, and hedonic test : appearance 2,13 %, aroma 3,30 % and flavor 2,97 %.
The Characteristic of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Purification Use Ethanol and The Application as Subtitution Agent on Chicken Sausage
Authors: Sri Winarsi Yovy Ermawati, Noor Harini
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Pouring flour contains high glucomannan which can reach 65 %. This research purposed to analyze the physical and chemical of porang flour purification use ethanol and to describe the effect of the proportion of tapioca and porang flour addition to the physical, chemical, and organoleptic of chicken sausage. Randomized Complete Block Design was applied with two-phase. The first stage was the purification process used ethanol with different concentration (60%, 75%, and 90%). The second phase was the addition of orange and tapioca flour (gram) (0:20, 1:19, 2:18, 3:17, 4:16, 5:15, 6:14), all treatment was replicated 3 times. The results of the first process showed that there was a very significant difference effect to the glucomannan, rendemen, viscosity, and color (lightness and yellowish) of pouring flour. The best treatment was the purification by ethanol 90% with 11,2 % water content, 0,78% ash content, 58,20% glucomannan, 78, 11% rendered, and 3,33 dPas viscosity. The second treatment results described that there was a very significant effect of tapioca and pouring flour addition to the water content, ash content, fat, protein, carbohydrate, color intensity (L, a+, and b+), and organoleptic (taste, aroma, appearance, and favorite product) of chicken sausage.
The study of watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus) and pinenapple fruit (Ananas comosus L.) proportion with caragenan addition on fruit leather physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Khusnul Khotimah Devi Dwi Siskawardani Rias Anggun Kartika, Warkoyo
Published: July 2020

presentage of pectin is about 21.03% which suitable for food production such as fruit leather. Fruit leather is one of the snack food products from fruit pulp (puree) were dried in an oven or a dehydrator. Shortage of watermelon rind fruit leather is to produce flavor and color that is less interesting and has a less flexible texture. Therefore, in making fruit leather from watermelon rind is added substitution materials and stabilizers such as pineapple and carrageenan. This study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of watermelon rind with pineapple and the addition of carrageenan concentration on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fruit leather. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial. The first factor with three levels, namely the proportion of watermelon rind and pineapple (90%:10%, 80%:20%, and 70%:30%). The second factor was carrageenan concentration (0,2%, 0,4%, and 0,6%). Treatment of the proportion of watermelon rind and pineapple had significant effect on water content, ash, vitamin C, hardness, sugar, lightness (L), yellowish (b+). Treatment of carrageenan concentration has significant effect on water content, ash, vitamin C, lightness (L). Fruit leather of watermelon rind that has best physicochemical characteristics was A1K1 treatment is the proportion of albedo rind and pineapple (90%: 10%) and carrageenan concentration 0.2%. organoleptic taste 3.10, aroma 2.70, color 3.00, and favor 3.03.
A Generalized Family of Lifetime Distributions and Survival Models
Authors: Aldeni Mamoud , Famoye Felix , Lee Carl
Published: July 2020

In lifetime data, the hazard function is a common technique for describing the characteristics of lifetime distribution. Monotone increasing or decreasing, and unimodal are relatively simple hazard function shapes, which can be modeled by many parametric lifetime distributions. However, fewer distributions are capable of modeling diverse and more complicated shapes such as N-shaped, reflected N-shaped, W-shaped, and M-shaped hazard rate functions. A generalized family of lifetime distributions, the uniform-R{generalized lambda} (U-R{GL}) are introduced and the corresponding survival models are derived, and applied to two lifetime data sets. The survival model is applied to a right censored lifetime data set.
A Revised Logic Model for Educational Program Evaluation
Authors: Booker Zsa-Zsa
Published: July 2020

The logic model is an evaluation tool popularly used for obtaining grant funding. Its limitations make it unlike other theory driven evaluation methods. A critical examination of the logic model leads to the construction of an enriched revised logic model.
Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta Leaves And Flowers in Rabbits
Authors: Merghem Mounira , Dahamna Saliha , Khennouf Seddik
Published: July 2020

Thymelaea hirsuta is a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic virtues in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of leaves and flowers of Thymelaea hirsuta in rabbit. Aqueous extract was administered to rabbit in single doses of 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 g/kg given by gavage. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 7 days. Biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol (CHOL) and glucose (GLU) were determined after 7 days. The results showed no mortality was observed during the 7 days of the observation period, an increase in AST and  ALT in treated groups at the doses of 4, 5.5 and 7 g/kg, and a decrease in both cholesterol and glucose levels in treated groups compared to control.

Keywords: Thymelaea hirsuta, Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, adverses effects.
Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges in 3D Printing Technology for Personalize Medicine
Authors: Mule Shrikrishna T. , Bhusnure O.G. , Waghmare S.S. , Mali Mamta R.
Published: July 2020

The scrutiny of medical devices industry as well as pharmaceutical industry for its application in health care industry on different platform is captured the 3D printing technique.  3D printing technology withstand for a very long duration only because of the approval of medical devices, 3D printed tablets and also with the advent of USFDA guideline on technical consideration. This technology is specific to devices utilizing preservative manufacturing. Many thoughts are triggered by 3D printing this technology and for successful delivery of intended product which is necessarily take into a consideration. In this review paper expectation limitations of some regulatory companies, Advantages, disadvantages, what type problems are arises while establishing this setups for drug product production, method, application, and manufacturing risk are represented. It also gives information about the current status of 3D printing technology in research and development of drug products.  For the fabrication of novel solid dosage form a number of 3D printing technology have been developed. This review is mainly focused on describing different technology used for the application of 3D printing in pharmaceutical industry. 

Keywords: - 3D printing technology, recent trend, Opportunities, personalize medicine, challenges, future.
Epigenetics: Pharmacology and Modification Mechanisms Involved in Cardiac, Hepatic and Renal Disease
Authors: Waghmare Sagar. S. , Bhusnure O.G. , Mali M. R. , Mule S.T.
Published: July 2020

For a long time scientists have tried to describe disorders are due to genetic as well as environmental factors. In the past few years, revolution in technology that has made it possible to decipher the human genome. Epigenetics explains the capability gene expression regulation without modifying the genetic sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are rooted changes in molecules, or nuclear characteristics that can alter gene expression without altering the sequences of DNA, i.e. DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. Learning of the fundamental epigenetic modification allowing gene expression as well as cellular phenotype are advanced that novel insights into the epigenetic control of cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, as well as chronic kidney disease are now emerging. From a half of century ago, in human disease the role of epigenetics has been considered. This subject has attracted many interests in the past decade, especially in complicated diseases like cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease as well as chronic kidney disease. This review first illustrates the history and classification of epigenetic modifications and the factors (i.e. genetic, environment, dietary, thought process and lifestyle) affecting to the epigenetics mechanisms. Likewise, the epigenetics role in human diseases is think out by targeting on some diseases and at the end, we have given the future perspective of this field. This review article provides concepts with some examples to describe a broad view of distinct aspects of epigenetics in biology and human diseases.

Keywords: - Epigenetics, DNA methylation, Histone modiﬁcations, microRNAs and Gene expression and Disease.
Susceptibility Profiles of Enterococcus faecalis to Selected Antibiotics
Authors: Reyes Alvin T , Balagtey Lyda B , Doctolero Jemuel S , Madrid Francis N
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted in order to determine the susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to the antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin through measuring the zone of inhibition. The susceptible, intermediate and resistant categories were assigned on the basis of the critical points recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. E. faecalis was susceptible to tetracycline as low as 20 μg/20 μl. Starting at a dose of 60 μg/20 μl and 200 μg/20 μl, the bacterium was susceptible to penicillin and erythromycin, respectively. The bacterium was resistant to chloramphenicol even at the highest dosage of 400 μg/20 μl. Meanwhile, from 5 to 100 μg/20 μl, the bacterium was resistant to gentamicin and the classification was changed into intermediate starting at 200 μg/20 μl.

Keywords:  Enterococcus faecalis, antibiotics, susceptibility
Pharmacognostic Screening and Anti-inflammatory Investigation of the Methanol extract of stem bark of Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Osuala Felix N. , Odoh Uchenna E. , Onuigbo VictoriaC. , Ohadoma Sylvester C.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Blighia unijugata is a potent medicinal plant extensively employed in traditional herbal remedies for the treatment of various diseases such as fever, fertility, inflammation, hypertension, migraine and treatment of infections due to microorganisms.

Aim: This work, investigates the pharmacognostic screening and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of B. unijugata stem bark.

Method: Collection, drying, pulverization, and methanol extraction of the stem bark were done accordingly. The screening of phytochemical constituents and Pharmacognostic numerical data were carried out. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using TLC. The acute toxicity was determined using Lorke’s method. Methanol extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory effect in albino rats using egg-induced hind paw oedema at doses of 200, 400 and 600mg/kg body weight respectively.

Result: The macroscopical investigation showed the stem bark outer layer is greyish and, the inner layer is pale reddish brown, disagreeable odour, bitter, Microscopical screening revealed the presence of starch grains, trichomes and sclerenchyma cells. Chemomicroscopic result revealed the presence of lignin, starch, calcium oxalate, cellulose, stone cells. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the powdered bark showed the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, and resins. Numerical data: moisture content/ weight loss on drying gave value of 7.7%, percentage yield of 6.7%, alcoholic soluble extractive 5.6%, water soluble extractive 6.3%, total ash of 7.1%,  acid insoluble ash 0.57% and water soluble ash 4.56%. The chromatographic screening results were close compared with the standard drug. Toxicity test established the lethal dose of greater than 5000mg/kg. There was a significant inhibition of the edema p>0.05, the presence of various bioactive constituents may have contributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract.

Conclusion: The result of this study confirms that the barks of B. unijugata have anti-inflammatory effect and justifies the use as traditional treatment of inflammation and pain.

Keywords: Blighia unijugata, Inflammation, Inflammatory agents, Anti inflammatory
Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Improving Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from the Literature
Authors: Inasu Sini T , Kumudavalli MV
Published: July 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly growing major health problem world-wide. The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is complex, requiring continuous medical care by health care professionals and considerable self-care efforts by patients. A collaborative and integrated team approach in which pharmacists can play a pivotal role should be sought when managing patients with diabetes. Pharmacist-led care programs have been shown to help patients with diabetes succeed in achieving treatment goals and improving outcomes. Hence, the aim of this narrative review is to address and summarize the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions in the management of diabetic patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from the date of database inception to June 2019. All randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacist-based interventions on diabetic patients in comparison with usual care were included in study. Outcomes of interest included short-term and long-term measures such as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and secondary outcomes were blood glucose level, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, medication adherence, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and economic outcomes. Twenty-five studies were included in this systematic study. They were heterogeneous in terms of interventions, participants, settings and outcomes. Pharmacist-led self-management interventions included education on diabetes and its complications, medication adherence, lifestyle and education of self-management skills. Few studies even focussed on patients need through a tailored intervention. We found that those who received the pharmacist care had a statistically significant improvement in HbA1C, blood pressure, lipid profile, health-related quality of life, and CHD risk. These results underline the added value of pharmacists in patient-related care.  Hence this review supports the involvement of pharmacists as a member of health- care teams in managing diabetic patients at diverse settings worldwide.

Keywords: diabetes, self-management, HbA1C, pharmaceutical care, randomized controlled trial
COMPARISON OF CLINICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC AND MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN WESTERN ALGERIA, FROM 2016 TO 2018
Authors: BEGHDOUD Sara Khedidja , YOUCEF Chahrazed , DIAF Mustapha , BOUMEDANE Amaria
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Haematological malignancies account for approximately 40% of all cancers by the age of 15 years. Acute leukaemia (AL) account for one-third of childhood cancer cases; consisting of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML). The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary characteristics of children with acute leukaemia in the western and south-western region of Algeria.

Patients and Methods: A three-year retrospective study was undergone from January 2016 to December 2018 on children with acute leukaemia. The study was conducted at the paediatric oncology department of the anti-cancer -Emir AEK- of Missreghine in Oran.

Results: During this period, we identified 135 cases of diagnosed AL. The sex ratio M/F was 1.1. The “two to five-year” age group was the most affected. The prevalence of ALL, AML, and biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL) was 60.45%, 23.88%, and 15.57%, respectively. The clinical signs were mainly presented by the tumour syndrome dominated by the presence of lymphadenopathy (63%) and splenomegaly (56.3%). The most frequent abnormal blood abnormalities were anaemia (66.66% in ALL and 28.14% in AML), thrombocytopenia (75.9% in ALL and 24.4% in AML) and leukocytosis (76.3% ALL and 23.7% AML).

Conclusion: Paediatric acute leukaemia is a real public health problem that requires special care and attention. This management must involve all epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects for this highly sensitive age group.
Taryaq-i-Waba‘i: A review on Potent Compound Formulation of Unani Medicine with special reference to epidemic/pandemic diseases
Authors: Kalam Mohd Afsahul , Haseeb Abdul , Mushtaq Mohd Sheeraz , Hussain Zaffar
Published: July 2020

Unani System of medicine is one among the oldest systems practiced all over the world. Hippocrates, father of medicine also known as father of epidemiology was the first who had written about the diseases which spread as epidemic or pandemic. After him Galen had mentioned the prevention and management of pandemic/epidemic diseases, and given several drugs for its management. A large number of Unani crude drug and compound formulations have been mentioned in the context of the prevention and management of Waba’i Amrad.  Mostly all the Waba’i Amrad have pyrexia with other symptoms according to the involvement of systemic organs. One of the most important formulation is Taryaq-i-Waba‘i, a poly herbal pharmaceutical preparation, in the form of Pills (Huboob), and is cited by almost all the physicians of Unani Medicine viz; Jalinus, Azam Khan, Ajmal Khan, Kabiruddin etc. in their treatises.  In Unani system of medicine, Amrad-i-Waba‘i is described under a broad term which encompasses various contagious diseases which occurs due to impairment of environmental conditions related to air, and water. This compound formulation contains four ingredients, includes Aloe, Myrrh, Crocus and rose water. It is indicated as antidote, anti-epidemic and used for the treatment of epidemic fever, poisonous bites etc. There is no any scientific study has been done on the formulation but it is used by Unani practitioners since time immemorial. So here a brief description of the compound and its ingredients on the scientific basis is being presented for further study on the basis of Amrad-i-Waba‘i. 

Keywords: Taryaq-i-Waba‘i, Epidemic/Pandemic, Crocus sativus, Unani Medicine.
Chronology of Gall’s emergence of Dryomyia lichtensteini F.Löw, 1878 (Diptera: Cecidomyidae) and its effect on Quercus ilex’s Sanitary state in Setif (Algeria)
Authors: Guettaf Sofiane , LAADEL Nouredinne , Benia F.
Published: July 2020

In the last years, an insect is detected on the foliage of Quercus ilex trees in Algeria (North-East region). Dryomyia lichtensteini F.Löw, 1878 (Diptera: Cecidomyidae), The Chronology of Gall’s emergence of Dryomyia lichtensteini and its field infestation rate were followed since 2014, in evergreen oak plantation in the Algerian North-East Region (Setif). Some statistical methods of Gall’s emergence of this pest and its effect at Quercus ilex’s Sanitary state are reviewed and discussed. For each study area (North-South-East-West), 10 trees were marked. 30 leaves of each tree were removed, so it is 300 leaves for each site, which were analyzed. This study is based on the number of galls observed. In order to highlight the degree of attack of pests. The outputs were made from November 2014 to November 2016, due to one output per month.

Keywords: Quercus ilex, Cecidomyidae, gall inducers, Algeria
BATAS WAKTU MUSAFIR BERMUKIM UNTUK KEBOLEHAN QASARSALAT
Authors: - Yenny Sri Wahyuni Yusrizal Bin Razali
Published: July 2020

Musafir adalah salah satu sebab yang membolehkan seseorang untuk qasar shalat, ini merupakan pendapat yang telah disepakati oleh para ulama. Mereka berbeda perdapat sampai berapa lama seseorang yang musafir dibolehkan mengqasar shalat. Dalam hal ini, mazhab Hanafi berpendapat musafir tersebut dibolehkan qasar shalat secara terus menerus, kecuali bila ia telah menetap di suatu tempat melebihi dari 15 hari, maka ia dianggap sebagai mukim dan harus menyempurnakan shalatnya. Sedangkan mazhab Syafi’i musafir tersebut dibolehkan qasar secara terus menerus, kecuali ia menetap di suatu tempat melebihi dari 3 hari. Pertanyaan penelitian adalah : bagaimanakah metode istinbat yang digunakan oleh mazhab Hanafi dan Syafi’i dalam menentukan batas waktu kebolehan qasar bagi musafir tersebut dan apa sebab terjadi perbedaan pendapat antara kedua mazhab ini. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah metode deskriptif komparatif yaitu penelitian dengan cara menganalisis dan membandingkan pendapat-pendapat, alasan-alasan dan penafsiran terhadap dalil yang digunakan sebagai sandaran pendapat mazhab tersebut. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah kedua mazhab ini menggunakan metode istinbat bayani. Penyebab terjadi perbedaan pendapat karena adanya kesimpangsiuran dhahir di dalam sejumlah hadis dan pada subjektifitas mujtahid dalam memahami nas.Kata Kunci: Musafir, Mukim
Hak-Hak Non Muslim dalam Pemerintahan: Konsep Dien wa Ni’mah dan Pluralisme Agama di Indonesia
Authors: ZA Tabrani , Walidin Warul
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to discuss the rights of non-Muslim citizens in Indonesia at government refers to the conception of the state of Dien wa Ni'mah. The main argument in this paper that the concept of Dien wa Ni'mah prioritize law as an important pillar can accommodate pluralism and contextual with the system of the Unitary State of the Republic Indonesia based on Pancasila. The research method used was a historical study, based on a comprehensive literature review from various sources in books and journals about the concept of Dien wa Ni'mah. The results of this study explain that Dien wa Ni'mah is a concept of the manifestation of Islam as a religious teaching that is Rahmatan Li al-Alamin and build human life through law as the main universal pillar, not only as the theological framework and spiritual principles of mankind, also in the life of society, nation and religion. So this concept accommodates the rights of non-Muslims in government by considering pluralism and democracy. Thus making the concept of Dien wa Ni'mah as the nation's perspective to the Civil Society will have an impact on the participation of all parties.
CAMPO EXPANDIDO EM ABORDAGENS DO LITERÁRIO
Authors: Cota Débora
Published: July 2020

O conceito de campo expandido, como o propõe Rosalind Krauss (1979), está sendo considerado dentro dos estudos em torno da literatura a partir de trabalhos, sobretudo contemporâneos, de experimentação com a escrita. A discussão em torno da pós-autonomia do literário (LUDMER) ou de sua inespecificidade (GARRAMUÑO), em diálogo estreito com a ideia de ampliação do campo, no entanto, considera também mudanças em torno da leitura do literário, de sua abordagem. De que maneira leituras que constroem um objeto ao ler promovendo um extravasamento do campo pelas associações e comparações com outros campos e/ou outros objetos, como o trabalho de Raúl Antelo em Paraná(2017), estabelecem leituras do literário em perspectiva expandida? Este trabalho, aberto muito mais a interrogações do que a respostas, propõe uma discussão do campo expandido a partir, especialmente, da leitura do literário e suas interlocuções com às práticas do comparatismo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: campo expandido; leituras do literário; literatura comparada.
A LITERATURA PORTÁTIL DE ENRIQUE VILA-MATAS: DA INTERTEXTUALIDADE À ARTE CONCEITUAL
Authors: Roiffe Ana Gabriela Dickstein
Published: July 2020

Há mais de 40 anos, o escritor catalão Enrique Vila-Matas tem sido um atuante defensor de uma literatura impura. Mais além de uma provocação ao próprio modo de escrever, suas obras dialogam com o espírito mais amplo das artes, especialmente no caso das vanguardas das décadas de 1920 e 1930, dos movimentos integrados de arte dos anos 1960 e 1970 e de certas expressões artísticas na contemporaneidade. A partir de obras como A historia abreviada de la literatura portátil (1985), a página virtual “Versión disidente de Historia Abreviada de la Literatura Portátil”, o conto “Porque ela não pediu isso” (2013) e o livro Não há lugar para a lógica em Kassel (2015), o artigo analisa de que modo o termo portátil, usado como categoria, recupera características de um escritor que ultrapassa os jogos intertextuais para se metamorfosear como um autor conceitual.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vila-Matas; literatura expandida; arte conceitual; portátil.
CECÍLIA MEIRELES E GENEVIEVE NAYLOR: FIGURAÇÕES DA CULTURA POPULAR NO CONTEXTO DA II GUERRA
Authors: Menezes Roniere
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho visa a refletir sobre trabalhos realizados pela poetisa brasileira Cecília Meireles e pela fotógrafa norte-americana Genevieve Naylor durante o período da II Guerra Mundial. As duas vivenciaram o conflito internacional, mas vivenciaram também, nos anos iniciais da década de 1940, uma outra guerra: a guerra cotidiana das divisões sociais, do preconceito em relação aos negros. A fotógrafa e a poetisa estiveram envolvidas com o projeto denominado “Política da boa vizinhança”. Cecília trabalhou, para o DIP, órgão do Governo Vargas, como editora da revista Travel in Brazil. Em 1941 viaja aos Estados Unidos para proferir palestras sobre cultura popular. Em crônicas e poemas trata da questão negra. Genevieve chega ao Brasil em 1941, permanecendo até 1942. Suas fotos ressaltam imagens relativas à cultura popular – principalmente negra – e a convivências cotidianas. Os trabalhos das artistas ampliam as imagens do Brasil de meados do século XX.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: literatura – fotografia – guerra – cultura afro-brasileira
Sintesis dan Analisis Sifat Magnetik Nanopartikel Magnetit (Fe3o4) Berbasis Pasir Besi
Authors: Mira Prilly Virgina , Mahmudin Lufsyi , Iqbal Iqbal
Published: July 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai sintesis dan analisis sifat magnetik nanopatikel magnetit (Fe3O4) berbasis pasir besi dengan metode kopresipitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh nanopartikel magnetit berbasis pasir besi serta menganalisis sifat magnetik nanopartikel magnetit. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan HCl (12,063 M, PA 99,9%) sebagai pelarut dan NH4OH (6,5 M) sebagai pengendap. Nanopartikel magneit yang terbentuk berwarna hitam pekat dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, TEM, dan VSM. Adapun hasil karakterisasi XRD langsung membuktikan bahwa pasir besi mengandung 51,5 % magnetit dan ditunjukan melalui kemunculan indeks miler (311). Sedangkan hasil karakterisasi menggunakan TEM diperoleh ukuran partikel rata-rata yaitu (1,2 ± 0,2) nm yang dapat diaplikasikan pada biosensor SPR. Hasil sintesis nanopartikel magnetit bersifat soft magnetic berdasarkan analisis kurva histerisis.

Kata Kunci : Pasir Besi, Kopresipitasi, Nanopartikel magnetit
Penentuan Stabilitas Muara Sungai Batusuya Berdasarkan Parameter Prisma Pasang Surut dan Analisis Sedimentasi
Authors: Ulwiya Aimatul , Mudin Yutdam , Rahman Abdul
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang penentuan stabilitas dan analisis sedimentasi, telah dilakukan pada Muara sungai Batusuya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan transport sedimen dengan menggunakan model numerik 2D dan menetukan nilai stabilitas muara sungai berdasarkan parameter prisma pasang surut. Data yang digunakan pada penel itian ini berupa data primer yaitu debit, sedimen dan gelombang sedangkan data sekunder yaitu data batimetri, data pasang surut dan data angin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola arus di perairan Sungai Batusuya kecepatan arus maksimum terjadi pada pasang purnama sebesar 0.012 m/s dan kecepatan arus minimum terjadi pada saat surut purnama sebesar 0.0014 m/s. Sebaran sedimen di muara Sungai Batusuya selama 29 hari dominan kearah barat laut dengan besar konsentrasi sedimen 0.01 kg m3 ⁄ . Hasil penentuan stabilitas muara Sungai Batusuya diperoleh sebesar 3.44 dengan ketetapan nilai stabilitas mulut sungai bahwa nilai yang didapatkan termaksud dalam kriteria memiliki nilai stabilitas kurang dari 20 (S < 20) menunjukan bahwa mulut sungai tidak stabil dan sangat sering tertutup.

Kata kunci : Pola arus, Transport sedimen, Stabilitas muara sungai