bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Ofloxacin for Peptic Ulcer Use
Authors: Deshmukh Rohitas , Harwansh Ranjit K. , Prajapati Mahendra , Sharma Bhavana
Published: June 2023

A peptic ulcer is a disease that affects the stomach lining caused by Helicobacter pylori. The present research aimed to formulate and evaluate the mucoadhesive microsphere of ofloxacin for the effective and safe treatment of peptic ulcers. The mucoadhesive microspheres were developed using natural polymers like Guar gum, Sodium alginate, and Chitosan using the emulsification cross-linking method. A total of 8 batch formulations were prepared using 23 full factorial designs. The prepared microspheres were evaluated various parameters such as % yield, entrapment efficiency, drug release study, in vitro wash-off test, optimization was done by the design of expert which was further subjected to statistical analysis that was kinetic release mechanism, compatibility studies were performed such as FTIR and DSC. Using factorial design 23 for the maximum possible formulation, the optimized formulation was found to be F5 in terms of better release for a longer time and with better mucoadhesive properties on the use of guar gum, sodium alginate, and chitosan in ratio 1:1:2. Second-order polynomial equations were derived for absorbing responses after the application of ANOVA, after omitting the non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) coefficients. %CDR 56.10 % for an extended period of 8 h, % EE exhibited 86.25±1.16. The sustained release activity of F5 might be due to the adhesion of the polymer to the gastric mucosa for more extended periods of 71 % to 8 h. it is also favoured by the suitable particle size of the optimized formulation. The result indicated that the prepared mucoadhesive microspheres can release the ofloxacin in sustained manner and helps in the management of peptic ulcer.
HIGHLIGHTS

Ofloxacin loaded mucoadhesive microsphere was prepared for treatment of peptic ulcer
The mucoadhesive microspheres were developed using natural polymers
A total of 8 batch formulations were prepared using 23 full factorial designs
Drug release from the optimized microsphere was 71 % to 8 h
The developed microsphere can effectively deliver the drug in stomach part

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Effect of Salt Content and Operating Temperature on the Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Sensing Performance of Sodium-Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Kareem Saja Neama , Suhail Mahdi Hasan , Abdullah Omed Gh.
Published: June 2023

Sodium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte (Na-SPE) films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with various weight percentages of sodium iodide (NaI) were prepared using the casting technique. The films’ structural, morphology and electrical conductivity were examined to understand the sensing mechanism of the as-prepared Na-SPE films. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data, respectively, showed the amorphous and homogeneous granular structure of Na-SPE films due to the high dissociation of NaI in the PVA matrix for all concentrations. The changes in the FTIR vibrational modes of Na-SPEs provide evidence of interactions between cations and functional groups of the host matrix. The effect of salt content, operating temperature and gas concentration on the performance of the Na-SPE sensor towards NO2 were investigated. In contrast to the pure PVA film, which did not respond to NO2 gas at low concentrations, Na-SPE films exhibit higher sensitivity to NO2 gas with faster response and recovery times. At low NO2 gas concentration (50 ppm), a sample containing 20 wt.% of NaI exhibits the highest sensitivity at the operating temperature of 200 °C. In comparison, at a high NO2 gas concentration (550 ppm), a sample containing 40 wt.% of NaI exhibits a maximum sensitivity at 150 °C. These findings suggest that Na-SPE films would be suitable for gas sensor applications.
HIGHLIGHTS

Na-SPEs films based on PVA with various salt contents have been prepared using the casting method
The Hall effect data confirm the n-type conductivity of the Na-SPEs
Na-SPE structure exhibits high sensitivity towards NO2 with rapid response/recovery times
SPE film has a maximum sensitivity of 127.3 % at low NO2 gas concentration and a maximum sensitivity of 126 % at high gas concentration
These results imply that this compound would be suitable for environmental and industrial uses

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Preparation and Characterization of Flexible Phase Change Material for Compact Electrical Applications
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Singh Ankit , Bhatia Abhir , Maurya Shivanshu , Kumar Mohit , Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
Published: June 2023

The development of advances in digital technologies, the compact electronic devices plays an important role but the space constraints and irregular surfaces in the device makes it hard to dissipate heat with the help of external medium. They overheat in most of the cases and become a common cause for failure of the device. Phase Change Materials (PCM) release or absorb heat at its melting temperature to its better thermal management. But the PCM have limitations as its brittleness could not occupy the irregular surfaces of compact electronic devices and undergo deformations during operation, a new class of material Flexible PCM (FPCM) developed to endure a certain amount of deformation and make compact contact with irregular surfaces of objects, making them ideal for many smart applications. In this work, the newer thin film FPCM are prepared using Olefin Block Copolymer and paraffin wax at different combinations on mass basis and field emission SEM and XRD characterization of samples are studied and reported. This paper presents selection of optimal PCM and copolymer, preparation of FPCM and detailed analysis of the sample report and electrical device applications. This report provides a basis for implementing and optimizing phase change thermal management techniques in electrical devices. The experimental results shows PCM 45 and 55 wt% co-polymer combination of FPCM having better thermal management in Electrical Applications. Thermal analysis will be studied in future.
HIGHLIGHTS

Flexible Phase Change Materials (FPCM) prepared and properties are studied
Olefin Block Copolymer and paraffin wax at different combinations on mass basis developed and studied
FPCM used for Compact Electronic Applications considered as LED Lamb

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Biosynthesis, Characterisation, and Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles using Schinus molle L.
Authors: Erenler Ramazan , Chaouia Radia , Yildiz Ilyas , Genc Nusret , Gecer Esma Nur , Temiz Cengiz , Akkal Salah
Published: June 2023

Schinus molle L. has been used as a folk medicine for many years. The aim of this study is to synthesize the silver nanoparticles, to identify them by spectroscopic techniques and to evaluate the antioxidant effects. In this study, Schinus molle was extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol successively. After removal of the solvent from each extract by reduced pressure, the crude extracts were yielded. Methanol extract was used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (s-AgNPs). The methanol extract dissolved in distilled water was treated with silver nitrate solution to produce the s-AgNPs. The extensive spectroscopic study enabled the identification of synthesized s-AgNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis presented the maximum absorption of s-AgNPs at 486 nm. The average particle size of s-AgNPs was measured as 77.6 nm by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that the nanoparticles were face-centered cubic structure. The slight differences between extract and AgNPs in FTIR spectrum proved the formation of s-AgNPs. In that, some functional group such as hydroxyl in the extract was oxidized while reduction of silver ions. Elemental analysis displayed the silver percentage to be 75.79 %w/w. Antioxidant activity study including DPPH, ABTS•+ and FRAP assays displayed the considerable effect of s-AgNPs. This is the first report to present the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Schinus molle L. methanol extract and to evaluate the antioxidant activity.
HIGHLIGHTS

Schinus molle was extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol successively
Methanol extract was used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (s-AgNPs)
Antioxidant activity study including DPPH, ABTS+and FRAP assays displayed the considerable effect of s-AgNPs

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Indian Economy
Authors: Smt. Sujata H Kadli
Published: June 2023

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an instrument for economic growth; it strengthens domestic capital, productivity and employment. FDI in India has got an important role in the development of the Indian economy. FDI in India has enabled India to achieve a certain degree of financial stability, growth and development in various ways. It has allowed India to focus on the areas that needed a boost and economic attention, and to address the various problems that continue to challenge the country. India has worked a lot to attract FDI from the world’s major investors. FDI is vital in the up gradation of technology, skills and managerial capabilities in various sectors of the economy. With globalization, developing countries, particularly those in Asia, have been witnessing an immense surge of FDI inflows during the past two decades. India with its considerable market potential and a liberalized policy regime has sustained its attraction for foreign investors. This research paper aims to observe the impact of FDI on Indian economy, predominantly after two decades of economic reforms. The paper provides the major policy implications from this analysis. The attraction of foreign direct investments (FDI) is often emphasised as a precondition for a successful economy by most governments of less developed countries. The objective of the paper is to evaluate economic impacts of FDI
VP 31 Rawagede Pamflet
Authors: Anoniem
Published: June 2023

Anoniem pamflet verspreid door een Nederlandse veteraan in het dorp Wamel in de zomer van 1994.
EQUINE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
Authors: Rodrigues do Carmo Luana
Published: June 2023

Cerebrovascular accident is the pathology with the greatest development of clinical signs and focal and/or global disturbances in brain function, with various symptoms lasting 24 hours and resulting from vascular origin. Bringing sequelae to the patient, functional, sensitive, emotional and mental. And to alleviate this damage, it is necessary for the patient to have access to all treatments aimed at their needs, observing their capabilities and potential. Physiotherapy used techniques with the aim of stimulating CNS connections, with the intention of promoting sensorial stimuli for the recovery of functional movements, and in the prevention of deformities and complications, bringing independence and better quality of life. Treatment with equine therapy will bring results in tonic adjustments, improvement in posture, balance, stimulation of tactile and visual sensibilities, body awareness and increased self-esteem, in this therapeutic method of rules and disciplines it increases the capacity for decisions and independence in different situations.
THE BENEFITS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF POSTPARTUM DIASTASIS
Authors: Leticia Da Silva Ferreira Bruna
Published: June 2023

The diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (ARMD) is a physiological change that occurs in the female body due to pregnancy, hormonal changes, mechanical stress on the abdominal wall by fetal growth and displacement of abdominal organs. Physiotherapy plays a very important role, promoting a stimulation mainly of the abdominal and pelvic muscles to improve muscle tone.
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN ELDERLY PERSONS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (AVC) SEQUENCES
Authors: Gussi Dhyara , Camilla Freitas Dos Santos Estefhany , Neves Lopes Maria
Published: June 2023

The present work aims to report the importance of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation process in elderly people with sequelae of stroke, a disease that is responsible for many deaths and leaves many sequels. Physiotherapy after stroke should start as soon as possible, as the faster the patient is stimulated, the faster his recovery will be, with a view to improving the quality of life and recovering lost movements. It will be used for the recovery of various physiotherapeutic techniques such as electrothermal therapy, kinesiotherapy, hydrotherapy aimed at recovering strength and mobility in order to make the elderly more independent in their activities, helping to maintain mental health and returning to their routine. Physiotherapy can obtain several benefits depending also on the patient’s will, family support and the work of a multidisciplinary team composed of a doctor, nurse, physiotherapist, speech therapist, nutritionist and psychologist.
PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOMOTRICITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Daiele
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children is characterized by difficulty interacting, communicating and relating to other individuals, impairing and limiting day-to-day activities and social interaction. They are classified into three degrees, being mild, moderate and severe. These symptoms can be observed during early childhood, with the diagnosis starting at three years of age. Although there is no cure for ASD, early diagnosis and rapid intervention help to reduce the possibility of chronicity, increase treatment possibilities and minimize various symptoms. Psychomotricity is one of the means of intervention in which it has been most used, as it improves the development of motor coordination, helping with sensory characteristics, language, obtaining a better quality of life for these patients. Objective: To report and describe the importance and effectiveness of physical therapy intervention in the development of psychomotricity in children with ASD for better motor performance, improving interaction and including the individual in the social environment. Method: Research carried out in March 2023, using SciELO, Google Scholar and Pubmed databases with publication languages in Portuguese, English and Spanish. 32 articles were selected for analysis of the study, the publication and posting criteria were from the last ten years and had human beings as the object of study, specifically children. Conclusion: Through the study carried out, it was observed that through the various physiotherapeutic resources in psychomotricity, there was a significant improvement in motor development and social inclusion of children with ASD.
Why Homeschooling? ”The Role of Parental Leadership in Choosing Homeschooling: Maximizing Children's Potential”
Authors: Pratiwi Iqmatul , Izani Maghfira , Wijayanti Octy , Trianung Teguh
Published: June 2023

This article aims to find out what are the parents’ reasons make the decision to send their children to homeschooling. In this context of education, choosing to homeschool is an alternative for parents who want to provide more personal education and focus on their children. The decision to choose to homeschool is influenced by many factors, that parents’ beliefs about formal education, availability of resources, environmental conditions, and children’s preferences. This research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies. Where this research uses case research at institutions that provide homeschooling services, in Bogor Area. This study used interview and observation techniques, the research team conducted interviews with principals, parents, and students. These results indicate the selection of homeschooling is based on parents who understand that every child has a nature, they learn of coercion. Children have to be given comfort in learning because comfortable learning will make children not bored in learning. The teacher’s task is as a facilitator about what they need. Teachers and parents together in achieving goals tailor-made for their children, because to get there, an interview with parents is needed regarding their readiness to become partners, if parents do not cooperate with the teacher, then the school will follow up and it is not recommended to take part in the learning process.
Implementation of “Kampus Mengajar" Programs to Improve Learning Motivation
Authors: Suprima Suprima , Hasibuan Akmal Rizki Gunawan , 'Ayuni Fadhilah Qurratu
Published: June 2023

This dedication is carried out to implement various activities of the 3rd Kampus Mengajar Program to motivate students to learn at Middle School 2 Pamarican. After observing the school, multiple problems were found, such as students' lack of enthusiasm during learning due to their lack of extrinsic motivation, students still needing help to read and count correctly, and teachers still using traditional learning media. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through teacher interviews and school observations. This research was conducted at Middle School 2 Pamarican for four months, from March 2nd, 2022, to June 29th, 2022. This research was aimed at students in grades VII and VIII and was carried out directly. The results of this dedication activity include assisting in teaching, learning multiplication using jarimatika, operating numbers, arithmetic series, and the concept of 3 M with the GASING method, improving reading skills using five methods, learning to recite the Quran, and adapting technology aimed at increasing students' learning motivation. There were many obstacles and challenges during the implementation, especially when learning became limited, so teachers had to have high creativity to improve student learning outcomes.
The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Based Ethnoscience on Science Literacy Ability of Elementary School
Authors: Hidayanti Ilmiatul , Wulandari Fitria
Published: June 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning based on ethnoscience on science literacy skills at SDN Bringinbendo 2. The Ethnoscience-based PBL model is a learning model that can develop students' scientific literacy abilities. This study used a quantitative approach with experimental methods with the type of research one group pre-test-post-test. The sample in this study was V-grade students at SDN Bringinbendo 2, which consisted of 21 students. Data collection in this study used a pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using a hypothesis t-test and the Eta Squared test. The results of the research hypothesis test were t-sample t-test, Sig. (2-tailed) ie 0.00 <0.05 so there is a significant effect (H₁ is accepted and H₀ is rejected). So it can be seen that the ethnoscience-based PBL model influences the scientific literacy skills of class V at SDN Bringinbendo 2. In the results of the eta-squared test, there is an increase with a vulnerable score of t > 0.14, indicating an influence of the big one. Using the Ethnoscience-based PBL model can improve the scientific literacy skills of V-grade students.
Technological potential of leguminous crops
Authors:   Russian Research Institute for Sorghum and Maize “Rossorgo”, Volkov Dmitriy , Bashinskaya Oksana , Zaitsev Sergey , Levkina Albina , Babushkin Denis , Bychkova Vera , Kalinin Yuri
Published: June 2023

In the arid conditions of the Russian Federation, an additional source of replenishing protein and improving the quality of the food base can be: grasspea, lentil, chickpea. The article presents the results of the assessment of the nutritional qualities of varieties of grasspeas and lentils of the selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK "Rossorgo". The organoleptic characteristics of cereals and flour from grasspea and lentil seeds were revealed. Indicators of technological properties of cereals (cooking time, digestibility and water absorption coefficients) have been obtained. It has been determined that the least amount of time is spent on boiling lentil groats (39-76 min.). For the full-fledged cooking of grasspeas and chickpeas, it took more time (71-125 minutes and 88-150 minutes, respectively). The values of the coefficient of digestibility indicate that cereals with a large coefficient of digestibility, in comparison, give more end products. The study showed that most varieties of grasspeas, lentils and chickpeas can be directly used for food purposes. Keywords: GRASSPEA, LENTILS, CHICKPEAS, GROATS, BOILABILITY, COEFFICIENT
The resource potential of the fruits of plants of the genus Vaccinium L. on the territory of the Tulunsky district of the Irkutsk region
Authors:   Irkutsk State Agrarian University named after A.A. Yezhevsky, Luzan Andrey , Goncharov Denis
Published: June 2023

Cranberries (V. vitis-idaea L.), blueberries (V. myrtillus L.) and blueberries (V. uliginosum L.) grow on the territory of the Tulunsky district of the Irkutsk region. At the same time, cranberries and blueberries have significant resource potential. The article presents the biological and operational reserves of these species. Since it is practically impossible to use the entire operational reserve, then, based on the average bio-productivity and taking into account the maximization of income, we offer the most optimal possible volumes of blanks. It should be noted that the yield of wild products varies significantly, so the data from year to year can vary greatly. Keywords: RESOURCE POTENTIAL, LINGONBERRIES, BLUEBERRIES, BLUEBERRIES, YIELD
Determination of cytotoxic, anti-acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activity of some medicinal Artemisia spp.
Authors: CAN Zehra , AYAZOGLU DEMİR Elif , AKAR Zeynep , KARA Yakup , GIDIK Betül
Published: June 2023

The study aims to investigated the antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhbition and cytotoxic effects of two different of Artemisia spp. (Artemisia dracunculus L. and Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh) cultivated in Turkey organically, for the first time. Total phenolic, total flavonoid contents of the plants determined spectrophotometrically while antioxidant activity DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP was determined using colorimetric method. And also acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity and anti-cancer activity in-vitro aganist human melanoma (VMM917, CRL-3232), lung carcinoma (A549, CCL-185) and, normal human fibroblast (hGF, PCS-201-018) cells were studied. Total phenolic (225-324 mgGAE/g sample) and total flavonoid contents (0.066-0.085 mgQAE/g sample), antioxidant activity (DPPH (1.371-1.655 mg/mL), CUPRAC (0.246-0.344 µM CTEAC) and FRAP (462.133-726.661 µM CTEAC)). A. dracunculus and A. dracunculoides extracts inhibited 40.09±0.65%, and 39.48±3.68% of acetylcholinesterase activity. It was determined that demonstrated the selective effect of A. dracunculus and A. dracunculoides on the cytotoxicity of A549 and hGF cells.
Demographic, clinical and genetic factors associated with COVID-19 disease susceptibility and mortality in a Kurdish population
Authors: Smail Shukur Wasman , Babaei Esmaeil , Amin Kawa
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating pandemic that causes disease with a variability in susceptibility and mortality based on variants of various clinical and demographic factors, including particular genes among populations.

OBJECTIVES:

Determine associations of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the
ACE2, TMPRSS2, TNF
-α, and
IFN
-γ genes to the incidence of infection and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

DESIGN:

Prospective cohort study

SETTINGS:

Various cities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This prospective cohort study compared laboratory markers (D-dimer, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], C-reactive protein [CRP], lymphocyte and neutrophil counts) between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. DNA was extracted from blood, and genotypes were done by Sanger sequencing.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the
ACE2, TMPRSS2, TNF
-α, and
IFN
-γ genes and demographic characteristics and laboratory markers for predicting mortality in COVID-19.

SAMPLE SIZE:

203 (153 COVID-19 patients, 50 health control subjects).

RESULTS:

Forty-eight (31.4%) of the COVID-19 patients died. Age over 40 and comorbidities were risk factors for mortality, but the strongest associations were with serum IFN-γ, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and serum TNF-α. The AA genotype and A allele of
TMPRSS2
rs2070788 decreased while the GA genotype and A allele of
TNF
-α increased susceptibility to COVID-19. Patients with the GA genotype of TNF-α rs1800629 had shorter survival times (9.9 days) than those carrying the GG genotype (18.3 days) (
P
<.0001 by log-rank test). The GA genotype versus the GG genotype was associated with higher levels of serum TNF-α. The GA genotype increased mortality rates by up to 3.8 fold. The survival rate for COVID-19 patients carrying the
IFN
-γ rs2430561 TT genotype (58.5%) was lower than in patients with the TA and AA genotypes (80.3%). The TT genotype increased the risk of death (HR=3.664,
P
<.0001) and was linked to high serum IFN-γ production. Olfactory dysfunction was a predictor of survival among COVID-19 patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Age older than 40, comorbidities, the NLR and particular genotypes for and the
IFN
-γ and
TNF
-α genes were risk factors for death. Larger studies in different populations must be conducted to validate the possible role of particular SNPs as genetic markers for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 disease.

LIMITATIONS:

Small sample size.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Can pulse wave velocity measured preoperatively predict hypotension in hypertensive patients during anesthesia induction?
Authors: Yılmaz Sinan , Ömürlü Imran Kurt
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

During the induction of general anesthesia, hemodynamic instability is a common occurrence in elderly hypertensive patients with increased arterial stiffness, which can cause undesirable complications. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important indicator of arterial stiffness.

OBJECTIVES:

Investigate if preoperatively measured PWV is related to hemodynamic changes during induction of general anesthesia.

DESIGN:

Prospective, case control.

SETTING:

University hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The study was carried out between December 2018 and December 2019 in patients 50 years or older scheduled for elective otolaryngology with endotracheal intubation and who had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of I or II. Patients diagnosed with hypertension (HT) or receiving treatment for hypertension for systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg were compared with non-hypertensive patients (non-HT) of matching age and gender.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

PWV values between HT and non-HT patients and hypotension rates at the 30th second of induction, the 30th second of intubation, and the 90th second of intubation between the HT and non-HT groups.

SAMPLE SIZE:

139 (95 with HT and 44 non-HT)

RESULTS:

PWV was higher in the HT group than in the non-HT group (
P
<.001). Hypotension at the 30th second of intubation in the HT group was significantly more frequent than in the non-HT group (
P
=.025). PWV was higher in hypotensive (n=62) than in non-hypotensive patients but the difference was statistically significant only for PWV measured at 30th second of intubation (n=77) (
P
=.018).

CONCLUSIONS:

The easily and non-invasively measured preoperative PWV may be an effective means of predicting hypotension during the induction of general anesthesia at the 30th second of intubation in HT patients.

LIMITATIONS:

Numbers of patients in the groups were not the same, and the study was not sufficiently powered to investigate the effect of hypertensive medications on PWV and arterial stiffness.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Association of intraoperative lactate elevation and postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing craniotomy: retrospective analysis
Authors: Kılbasanlı Seval , Özkalkanlı Murat Yaşar
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Intraoperative lactate levels increase in patients undergoing craniotomy, but the reason is not yet fully known. High levels of intraoperative lactate are associated with mortality and morbidity in patients with septic shock and abdominal and cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES:

Investigate whether intraoperative lactate elevation is associated with postoperative systemic and neurological complications and mortality in craniotomy.

DESIGN:

Retrospective study

SETTING:

University hospital in Turkey.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this study, we included patients who underwent elective intracranial tumor surgery in our hospital between 1 January 2018, and 31 December 2018. According to the level of intraoperative lactate, patients were divided into two groups: high (≥2.1 mmol/L) and normal (<2.1 mmol/L). The groups were compared by the presence of postoperative new neurological deficits, postoperative surgical and medical complications, mechanical ventilation duration, 30-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, and hospital stay length. Cox regression analysis was performed for the 30-day mortality outcome.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Association between intraoperative lactate levels and postoperative 30-day mortality.

SAMPLE SIZE:

163 patients with lactate data.

RESULTS:

While no significant difference was found between the groups regarding age, gender, ASA score, tumor location, operation time and pathology results, preoperative neurologic deficits were higher in the high intraoperative lactate group (
P
=.017). No statically significant difference was found between the groups for postoperative neurological deficit, need for prolonged mechanical ventilation, and hospital stay length. The postoperative 30-day mortality rate was higher in the group with high intraoperative lactate (
P
=.028). High lactate and medical complications were significant in the Cox analysis.

CONCLUSION:

Intraoperative lactate elevation was associated with postoperative 30-day mortality in patients undergoing craniotomy. The intraoperative level of lactate is an important mortality predictor in patients undergoing craniotomy.

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective design and single-centered, missing most data for several variables.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Prevalence of bacterial bloodstream infections and association between neutropenia and 30-day mortality among oncology inpatients at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Binkhamis Khalifa , Aldakhil Ibrahim , Alhawas Abdulrahman , Alsaleh Alwaleed , Albaroudi Amjad , Almuhanna Bader , Makkawi Mohaned , Alzahrani Musa
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Cancer patients are highly prone to develop bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) and are also at risk of neutropenia. Knowledge of the prevalence of these infections and whether neutropenia is associated with a change in mortality is important to more effective management and reducing mortality and morbidity.

OBJECTIVES:

Estimate the prevalence of bacterial BSI among oncology inpatients and assess the associations of 30-day mortality with Gram stain results and neutropenia.

DESIGN:

Retrospective cross-sectional

SETTING:

University hospital in Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We retrieved records of oncology inpatients at King Khalid University Hospital, excluding patients without malignancy and with non-bacterial BSI. The number of records included in the analysis was reduced based on a sample size calculation and systematic random sampling used to select patients to include in the study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Prevalence of bacterial BSI and association between neutropenia and 30-day mortality.

SAMPLE SIZE:

423.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of bacterial bloodstream infections was 18.9% (n=80). Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent (n=48, 60.0%) than gram-positive bacteria, with the most common being
Escherichia coli
(n=20, 25.0%). The 23 patients (28.8%) who died included 16 (69.6%) with gram-negative infections and 7 (30.4%) with gram-positive infections. There was no statistically significant association of bacterial BSI-related 30-day mortality with Gram stain (
P
=.32). Of 18 patients (22.5%) who were neutropenic, only one (5.6%) died. Sixty-two (77.5%) patients were non-neutropenic, of whom 22 (35.50%) died. We found a statistically significant association between the presence of neutropenia and bacterial BSI-related 30-day mortality (
P
=.016), with mortality being lower among neutropenic patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Gram-negative bacteria are more prevalent in bacterial BSI than gram-positive bacteria. No statistically significant association of Gram stain result with mortality was found. However, the 30-day mortality rate was lower among neutropenic patients than among non-neutropenic patients. We recommend further investigation with a larger sample size in multiple regions to further unravel the association of neutropenia with bacterial bloodstream infection-related 30-day mortality.

LIMITATIONS:

Lack of regional data and sample size.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Peningkatan Upaya Penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu dan Anak Melalui Penggunaan Lembar Deteksi Risiko Kehamilan Pada Pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC) Terpadu di Kabupaten Sinjai
Authors: Amalia Fitri , Sayuti Muhammad Irsyad
Published: June 2023

Pembangunan kesehatan masyarakat merupakan bagian penting dari pembangunan nasional secara keseluruhan. Salah satu indikator tingkat kesehatan masyarakat adalah angka kematian ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB). Semakin tinggi angka kematian ibu dan anak di suatu negara, maka semakin buruk kondisi kesehatan di negara tersebut. Hal ini karena ibu hamil dan bayi merupakan kelompok rentan yang membutuhkan perawatan terbaik dari tenaga kesehatan. Pemeriksaan kehamilan sangat penting diketahui dan dilakukan oleh ibu hamil karena dapat menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan anak dengan memahami risiko komplikasi selama kehamilan, persalinan dan masa nifas. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat penggunaan lembar deteksi risiko kehamilan dalam peningkatan upaya penurunan angka kematian ibu dan anak. Adapun teknik pemilihan sampel pada tahapan uji coba pengisian lembar deteksi risiko kehamilan adalah teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria yaitu ibu hamil K1 (Kunjungan Pertama). Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dari gagasan kreatif menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Uji coba dilakukan kepada 9 ibu hamil K1, dan didapati 2 orang berisiko dan 7 orang lainnya tidak berisiko. Petugas pelayanan ANC menganggap bahwa lembar deteksi risiko kehamilan mudah dalam pengisiannya dan efektif dalam mendeteksi risiko kehamilan.
FACTORS LEADING TO ACUTE ACCIDENTAL POISONING AMONG CHILDREN PRESENTING IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY OF A TERTAIRY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: AMIR RASHID  , RIZWAN GOHAR  , TARIQ BHATTI
Published: June 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of risk factors leading to acute accidental poisoning in children presenting in emergency of a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted from 20th April 2012 to 19th Oct 2012 in Pediatric ward emergency, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. There were 200 patients included in this study presented to emergency department with poisoning.

Results: A total of 200 patients were included. Age ranged from 1 year to 8 years with a mean age of 3.49 years and standard deviation (SD) of ± 1.77 years. Majority patients were upto 5 years of age 82.5%(165) and the patients above 5 years were 17.5%(35). Male were predominantly involved 76%(152) and females were 24%(48). There was easy access to poison in 84.5%(169) of the cases. Most of the mothers were illiterate or had education less than middle 71%(142). There were 29%(58) mothers who had education more than middle. Large family size with 3 or more kids were 66.5%(133) and families with less than 3 kids were 33.5%(67). Those with poor socioeconomic status (income per month less than 8250 Rs) were 73.5%(147). There were 77.5%(155) mothers who did not had awareness about toxic effects of the poison. Storage at common places was in 88%(176). Common places of storage were: kitchen 38.5%(77), understairs 21%(42), bedroom 15.5%(31), bathroom 6.5%(13) and elsewhere (roof, floor etc) 6.5%(13). Mother’s distraction was found in 91.5% (183) of the cases.

Conclusion: Male sex, age less than five years, easy access to poisonous substance, family size three or more kids at home, poor socioeconomic status, lack of maternal awareness about toxic effects of poison, storage at common places and mother’s distraction were factors leading to acute accidental poisoning in this study.
IMPACT OF SELF STIGMA ON DEPRESSION AND SELF-ESTEEM IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: NAZMA NOREEN  , SAIMA MAJEED  , ALTAF QADIR KHAN
Published: June 2023

Objective: The basic aim of the study was to investigate relationship between self- stigma, self-esteem and depression in patients with schizophrenia.

Design: correlation study with cross sectional research design.

Place and duration of study: It took 6 months to collect data from five hospitals of the Lahore city including Lahore General Hospital, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Services Hospital, Punjab Institute of Mental Health, and Jinnah hospital.

Subjects & Method: Purposive sample of 70 patients of schizophrenia with partial and full remission (residual phase). Socio demographic questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and Saddiqui Shah Depression Scale were used for data collection

Results: Correlation analysis shows positive relationship between self -stigma and depression whereas negative relationship between self -stigma and self- esteem. Self stigma predicted self-esteem and depression in patient with schizophrenia.

Conclusion: Results indicated that as self -stigma increases so it will raise the depression and lowers down the self esteem in patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma was a predictor of self esteem and depression in patients with schizophrenia.
COMPARISON OF IRON STATUS BETWEEN BREAST FED AND NON BREAST FED INFANTS
Authors: MUHAMMAD KHALID MASOOD  , SHUMAILA SHAHZEEN  , KHALID MEHMOOD  , MOHAMMAD ALI KHAN
Published: June 2023

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the iron status of breast fed and non breast fed infants. study design Cross- sectional analytical study.

Setting: This study was done in department of Pediatrics Medicine Services Hospital, Lahore.

Duration with Dates: Twelve months (15-3-07 to 14-3-08)

Methods: Hundred infants with age ranging from 4 to 6 months were selected. The patients were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A included exclusively breast fed infants and group B included non breast fed infants. Both groups were assessed for iron status by specific investigations including hemoglobin level (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RBC’s morphology, serum iron and ferritin levels.

Results: The mean age of infants in group A was 5.5 + 0.7 months. Mean age of infants in group B was 5.6 + 0.7 months. Mean Hb of infants in group A was 12.69±0.61 g/dl and group B was 11.1±0.73 g/dl with statistically significant p value of < 0.05. Mean MCV of infants in group A was 91.9±3.5 fL and group B was 84.5±3.5 fL with p- value of < 0.05. Mean MCH of infants in group A was 29.8±0.89 pg and group B was 27.1±1.0 pg with p value of < 0.05.Mean MCHC of infants in group A was 35.4±1.9 g/dl and group B was 32.8±1.6 g/dl with p value of < 0.05. Mean serum iron of infants in group A was 26.27±2.8 micromole/l and group B was 19.66±3.3 micromole/l with p value of < 0.05. Mean serum ferritin of infants in group A was 118.6±12.5 microgram/l and in group B was 88.1±9.4 microgram/l with statistically significant p value of < 0.05.

Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that exclusive breast feeding is sufficient to maintain adequate iron status in initial six months of infancy.
PROBLEMS OF FEMALE MEDICAL GRADUATES DURING THEIR CAREER IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY; PAKISTAN
Authors: NOUSHEEN FATIMA  , AGHA ALI HAIDER  , FARZANA LATIF  , SANA RAHEED  , AGHA SHABBIR ALI
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Working lady doctors have to face many problems during their career, which affect their efficiency and often they have to quit the profession. Study is conducted to review these problems.

Methodology: Working female graduates and post graduates from house officers to consultant level were included in study and a Proforma based interview done regarding the problems they mostly suffer during their carrier. Total ten issues were mentioned in Proforma.

Results: Results showed that 70% of females have problems regarding prolonged duty hours. 65% has to face the problems from their male colleagues. 37% thinks their family life is affecting the carrier and 58% mentioned that carrier is affecting their family life. 26% complaint of male gender preference. 47 % has transport issue. 44% has problems in administrative work. 31% has daycare issue. 48% has financial consideration as one of the reasons to work. 20% has to give break in their career mostly due to family problems. 46% are satisfied with their career life.

Conclusion: Female doctors have to suffer from many problems during career. Mainly the prolonged duty hours, transport and administrative work issues. Both the family life and career mutually affect each other. Workable problems like daycare and transport issues can be solved at institutional level.
A SURVEY REGARDING AWARENESS ABOUT VARIOUS ASPECTS OF CHICKENGUNYA AMONG DOCTORS
Authors: AROOJ FATIMA NAQVI  , MUBASHIR AHMED  , NIDA ABBAS  , SYED RAZI HAIDER ZAIDI
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Chickengunya is an arboviral disease caused by an alpha virus of togaviridae family which is an RNA virus.(1) This disease has caused a lot of morbodity and some mortaltity.As it is a remerging infection and was not reported in Pakistan before 2016 it was pertinent to conduct a survey amongst doctors regarding its awareness so that special training and awareness workshops may be arranged for doctors to update their knowledge and awareness regarding diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this disease.

Methodology: 50 doctors from two medical teaching institutes of Lahore were surveyed and interviewed regarding various aspects of chickengunya.

Results: Mean age of the doctors included in the survey was 34+/- 4.5 years.22 out of 50(44%) were enrolled in postgraduation training program while 28(56%) were teaching at various cadres in the basic sciences departments of the medical colleges. 19(31%) were doing clinical practice in evening .When the doctors were asked about the disease agent only 22(44%) identified that it. Only 13(26%) knew that the disease is spread through bite of infected mosquitoOnly 13(26%) correctly told about the clinical presentation which was fever and arthralgia. 10(20%) doctors interviewed correctly told that this disease can be diagnosed with serology and only 20(40%) told that treatment is supportive while 30(60%) said they do not know about the treatment. 13(26%) knew correctly that this disease can be prevented by prevention from mosquito bite. When asked whether awareness sessions in the form of workshops is required to fill the gaps in knowledge about the disease all particpants, 50(100%) answered it as yes. Conclusion: Knowlegw regarding various aspects of chickengunya was found inadequate amongst doctors and it was pertinent to arrange workshops to increase their capacity to diagnose and treat the disease.
Educational marketing strategy in attracting students' interest in SMA Muhammadiyah in Lombok
Authors: Mardiana Lina
Published: June 2023

Seeing the current situation, many educational institutions are standing, causing intense competition between institutions, so a business approach is also used in the world of education so that institutions can survive and be better known by many people. This study aims to find out how the educational marketing strategy for SMA Muhammadiyah Masbagik Kec. Masbagik Kab. East Lombok Province. NTB and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in marketing? The method used by researchers is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis through data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. To check the validity of the data through tests of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results of the study show that the educational marketing strategy in attracting students' interest in SMA Muhammadiyah Masbagik Kec. Masbagik Kab. East Lombok Province. NTB namely forming a marketing team, market identification, market segmentation by looking at the location of the area, outreach to schools, outreach to the community, distributing brochures, installing banners, and using social media such as Facebook, while the marketing mix has implemented 7 elements namely product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, process. And the supporting factors when marketing is facilities and infrastructure as icons, marketing costs, teacher empowerment, school status, and flagship programs. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the addition of quotas at public schools and a large number of public schools such as SMKs, community understanding, and the influence of friends.
Student management in building a culture of discipline Junior high school students in Lombok
Authors: Samsiniwati Baiq Yayuk
Published: June 2023

Culture is one of the tasks carried out by education to pass on noble cultural values to students in order to form a good personality through education. For this reason, one of the school cultures that has been developed is discipline towards students. The purpose of this study was to describe student planning, student implementation and supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of student discipline culture at SMP N 1 Masbagik. The type of research used by the author in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach, data is collected using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. Sources of data are school principals, student vice presidents, teachers, and students. data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data presentation, and verification of conclusions. Data validity was carried out by source triangulation and technique triangulation. Because in this study the data obtained will be collected and the truth will be known. The results showed that: 1) student management planning in building a student discipline culture includes: analysis of student needs, student recruitment, student selection, student orientation, student placement, student recording and reporting. 2) student development in an effort to build a disciplined culture of students, the implementation of student guidance consists of (a) fostering school rules by giving a statement regarding the readiness of students to comply with school rules. (b) coaching through activities such as; orientation activities namely by socializing the rules and regulations at school, holding morning calls and returning home from school to provide directions and advice to students. (c) coaching through scout extracurricular activities to train students in terms of discipline. Both time discipline, discipline in dress and discipline in behavior. 3) supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of student discipline culture, namely supporting factors: commitment of the committee and principal, all school members, and school environment. The inhibiting factor is the student's own awareness, the student's parents.