bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Digital Technology Literacy of Professional Japanese Language Translator and Interpreter
Authors: Djafri Fatmawati , Wahidati Lufi
Published: November 2022

The research measured the digital technology literacy skills of professional Japanese language translators and interpreters. A modified version of the digital literacy skills checklist constructed by Open University was employed in the research. The questionnaire consisted of four sections, i.e., understanding general digital practices, finding, using, and creating information related to Japanese translation and interpreting, and the use of translation and interpreting technology. The result shows that respondents have confidence in their digital literacy skills to find, use, or create information online. However, most of them are still unfamiliar with the application of Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) and Computer Assisted Interpreting (CAI) tools to assist the translation or interpreting jobs. The result indicates that many Japanese businesses and industries do not require translators and interpreters to use specific CAT or CAI tools. However, the rapid development of digital technology and the market trend toward the use of technology are inevitable. Basic knowledge of these tools is necessary because they offer many advantages for translators and interpreters to work effectively. Therefore, it is highly important to incorporate the basic knowledge of CAT and CAI tools and other digital technology resources into the curriculum for students translators and interpreters.
Assessment of Readability Level of Reading Materials in Indonesia EFL Textbooks
Authors: Fata Ika Apriani , Komariah Endang , Riski Alya Andira
Published: November 2022

The research aimed to assess the readability of reading material in two different English textbooks published by different publishers. Many pieces of research have been conducted to examine the reading materials in English textbooks, and it had been discovered that the reading materials were insufficiently adequate for the levels of students. The research applied a descriptive content analysis method to analyze, interpret, and describe the data. The Flesch Reading Ease formula was as an instrument. The research’s data were derived from the English textbook “Pathway to English” by Erlangga grade X and the English textbook “Bahasa Inggris” by The Ministry of Education and Culture grade X. Based on the findings of the research, five reading texts out of 15 match with students’ level (fairly difficult level) of grade X in the first textbook, while three texts out of 13 equal with students’ level (fairly difficult level) of grade X in the second textbook. Furthermore, the first textbook’s average readability score indicates that the texts are ‘standard’, whereas the second textbook indicates that the texts are ‘fairly difficult’. Based on the study findings, some recommendations for teachers are to use the readability formulas to provide appropriate reading material for students, as well as for other researchers to conduct a larger context about readability.
Rationale for the use of NSAIDs with antiseptic action for sore throat in the complex therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Zakharova G. P. , Topchiyan S. A. , Sapova K. I.
Published: November 2022

Sore throat is one of the most common symptoms with which patients seek an appointment with an otorhinolaryngologist, and also serve as the main subjective symptom of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx. Pain in the throat, making it difficult to swallow, colloquial speech can drastically reduce the quality of life of patients, almost completely turning them off from active personal, work and social life. At the same time, the increase in the intensity of pain in the throat serves as a diagnostic criterion for the growth of the local inflammatory process, leading to its complications (peritonsillitis, paratonsillar abscess, etc.). Given that the main etiopathogenetic factors of the infectious and inflammatory pathology of the throat are viral, bacterial infection and inflammation, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy are the main points of application in the complex treatment of these diseases. The economic and practical inconveniences of the need to purchase a large number of drugs justify the relevance and practical significance of the use of drug release forms, including a combination of etiopathogenetically targeted substances. This article discusses the effectiveness and feasibility of using a combination of NSAIDs and an antiseptic in one preparation. The studied materials allow us to state that the use of both individual components of the drug and its combined composition in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the throat is justified, which manifests itself in a fairly quick and complete relief of the symptoms of the disease without complications and side effects of the drug. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of mono and complex therapy indicates a significant advantage of complex treatment, which includes two active ingredients of NSAIDs and an antiseptic.
Possibilities of combined intranasal drugs in the treatment of patients with rhinosinusitis
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Zolotova A. V. , Lobacheva V. V. , Efendieva Z. А.
Published: November 2022

Rhinosinusitis – an inflammatory process in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a global problem of practical medicine, which remains relevant for many years. The most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis is a viral infection, only in 0.2–5 % of patients the disease is further complicated by the formation of a bacterial focus of inflammation. Treatment of patients withARS involves the use of etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy. National clinical guidelines consider the use of systemic and topical etiotropic drugs, intranasal glucocorticosteroids, topical decongestants, irrigation- elimination procedures, mucoactive therapy, standardized herbal medicine, drainage of the paranasal sinuses, antihistamines (with concomitant allergies) and some other activities. Local administration of drugs in patients with rhinosinusitis provides targeted delivery of the active substance to the pathological focus and the creation of its required concentration, the virtual absence of systemic action due to low absorption, as well as a favorable softening, moisturizing, enveloping effect of auxiliary components. One of these drugs is the combined nasal spray containing tuaminoheptane sulfate and acetylcysteine. The effectiveness and safety of the use of this combination has been demonstrated by the results of a fairly large amount of research. The mild and sufficiently long vasoconstrictive effect of tuaminoheptane sulfate, the direct mucolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of acetylcysteine and the high safety of this combination determine its therapeutic value in children from 6 years of age and adult patients with rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.
On the issue of effective engraftment of tissues in the plastic of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Isachenko V. S. , Dvoryanchikov V. V. , Ilyasov D. M. , Ognetov S. Yu. , Sotnikova K. I.
Published: November 2022

For a long time for otolaryngologists, the issues of identifying and treating such a formidable disease as chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) have been topical. This disease still haunts many specialists, as it leads to acquired hearing loss in people of working age. Only in the last ten years, the number of children of younger age groups with already manifested acquired hearing loss has increased. Along with the correct and timely diagnosis, it is very important to cure this disease once and for all, since exacerbations often disrupt not only the performance, but also the quality of life of the patient. The gold standard for the treatment of patients with CHSO is surgical – tympanoplasty. In the process of studying the pathological process in chronic suppurative otitis media and methods of its more effective surgical treatment, the results of tympanoplasty were analyzed. An illustrative clinical example has been chosen, with the help of which it is possible to trace all the stages of surgical intervention in chronic suppurative otitis media. An otoscopic examination was carried out at several stages of observation of this patient, as well as the determination of auditory function. The presented clinical case shows step by step the effectiveness of the scheme of surgical treatment and postoperative management. Thus, these steps are applicable to any myringoplasty with tympanic membrane defects of any size. It is tympanoplasty and control in the postoperative period that makes it possible to completely close the defect of the tympanic membrane and prevent chronic otitis media from recurring.
Inflammatory diseases of the external ear: place and possibilities of topical therapy
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Shevchik E. A. , Kozlova L. A. , Khaybulaeva M. A.
Published: November 2022

Otitis externa (NO) is manifested by inflammatory changes in the auricle, external auditory canal and epidermal layer of the eardrum. The disease is characterized by a wide prevalence and a continuing increase in morbidity, a persistent, resistant to adequate therapy course and frequent recurrence of the pathological process. For the development of NO, the presence of an etiotropic agent and a violation of the integrity of the epidermal layer of the skin of an endogenous and exogenous nature are necessary. According to the area of distribution and the type of pathological process, limited and diffuse NO are considered. Most often, bacteria act as the causative agents of NO, with diffuse forms Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leader. The appointment of systemic antibiotics for uncomplicated forms of NO is impractical, it is optimal to use topical combined drugs that have adequate activity against the main pathogens of NO. The advantages of topical therapy in such patients are the rapid accumulation of required active substance concentration in the area of inflammation and almost complete lack of systemic action, minimal risk of development and spread of resistant strains of microorganisms. It is required to use antimicrobial agents that have been shown to be active against the main pathogens of otitis externa. The reduction of inflammation and pain is also an important component of the management of patients with OE. A good option for topical therapy of patients with inflammatory changes in the external ear is a drug with antimicrobial and local anesthetic action containing antibacterial components: aminoglycoside neomycin sulfate and cyclic polypeptide polymyxin B sulfate, and local anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride. Such agents have a balanced antimicrobial and local anesthetic action, high safety and can be recommended for use in patients with diffuse otitis externa.
Local treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Turieva V. V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Acute rhinosinusitis accounts for 40 % to 60 % of the morbidity in the structure of ENT pathology. COVID-19 pathogen, similarly to other respiratory viruses, can cause acute rhinosinusitis, which is the most relevant at the present time due to the ongoing pandemic. Viral etiology accounts for 90–98 % of all cases of acute rhinosinusitis. Accordingly, the choice of treatment tactics with antibacterial drugs in a number of cases is unreasonable and leads to the growth of antibiotic resistance. Local antiseptics containing sodium hypochlorite with a high safety profile that do not cause pathogen resistance are used to increase the effectiveness of therapy for acute rhinosinusitis.   Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of nasal spray containing sodium hypochlorite on the duration of the course of exacerbation and severity of acute rhinosinusitis during the epidemiological season.   Materials and methods. The study involved 50 patients who were divided into 3 groups: 10 patients (group 1) with acute viral rhinosinusitis (therapy: sodium hypochlorite + decongestants); 20 patients (group 2) with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (therapy: sodium hypochlorite + systemic antibacterial therapy); 20 patients (group 3) with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (therapy: nasal lavage with isotonic sea salt solution + systemic antibacterial therapy).   Results and discussion. Pathogen eradication – the absence of the original pathogen at the locus of the inflammatory process during dynamic microbiological examination – was found in 14 (35 %) clinical cases: in Group 2 (sodium hypochlorite) – 10 (25 %) and in Group 3 (nasal irrigation with isotonic sea water solution) – 4 (10 %).   Conclusions. The results of microbiological studies showed effective antimicrobial properties of sodium hypochlorite when applied to the inflamed mucous membranes, expressed in a statistically significant reduction of bacterial semination of the nasal cavity epithelium.
Video endoscopic methods of laryngeal examination in modern phoniatry
Authors: Stepanova Ju. E. , Gotovyakhina T. V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Modern diagnostics of laryngeal diseases is based on the use of video endoscopic technologies. The authors of the article, having almost thirty years of experience with various methods of video endoscopy, proposed a classification of video endoscopic methods of laryngeal examination.   Objective. To develop an algorithm for the application of various video endoscopic methods of laryngeal examination in voice professionals with functional and organic dysphonia.   Materials and methods. From 2020 to 2022, 2308 patients aged 18 to 80 years (43.2 ± 11.5) were examined in the phoniatric department of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of ENT. There were 1424 women (61,7 %), 884 men (38,3 %) people. Functional dysphonia was detected in 705 (30,5 %) people, acute and chronic laryngitis in 668 (28,9 %), tumor-like formations in 436 (18,9 %), the remaining nosological forms were diagnosed in 499 (21,7). All the patients turned out to be representatives of voice-speaking professions and complained of dysphonia.For videolaryngoscopy, videolaryngostroboscopy, autofluorescence endoscopy, NBI–endoscopy, equipment from various manufacturers was used.   Results. An algorithm for the application of video endoscopic research methods in persons of voice-speech professions with dysphonia has been developed. Overview videolaryngoscopy and videostroboscopy were mandatory research methods for all patients with complaints of voice function. The use of these two methods proved to be sufficient for the diagnosis of functional dysphonia, paresis and paralysis, congenital malformations of the larynx, scar stenosis. In-depth diagnostics and differential diagnostics of tumor-like formations, various forms of chronic laryngitis, benign and malignant formations, in addition to videolaryngoscopy and videostroboscopy, included autofluorescence endoscopy or NBI endoscopy, which revealed the earliest stages of the pathological process.   Conclusions. Only the complex application of various methods of video endoscopy of the larynx provided timely diagnosis and early treatment of dysphonia, maximum restoration of voice function, and, consequently, the preservation of professional longevity by persons of voice-speech professions.
Difficulties and prospects of rational therapy of ischemic strokes
Authors: Zhivolupov S. A. , Samartsev I. N.
Published: November 2022

Despite significant progress in medical technology, many topical issues in neurology remain unresolved; among the latter, acute cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) continue to be one of the most important medical and social problems of the modern world, since their rates of morbidity, mortality and disability are steadily growing. The increase in the incidence of strokes over the past 30 years by 70% reflects the imperfection of modern medical strategies for the primary prevention of stroke and measures for their implementation among the population, which dictates the need to revise the prevailing ideas about the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to managing patients with cerebrovascular pathology. The article presents a classification of strokes, a critical analysis of vascular risk factors (in particular, the emergence of new ones, such as acute coronavirus infection COVID-19), fundamental elements of the ischemic cascade, pathomorphological and pathophysiological consequences of ischemic damage to the central nervous system (necrosis and apoptosis of neurons, diaschisis in the penumbra zone), current theoretical (targets of drug exposure) and practical (therapeutic window) aspects of therapy and prevention of acute cerebrovascular accidents are outlined. The place and importance of the use of neuroprotective drugs in the combined therapy of patients with acute and chronic cerebrovascular pathology has been demonstrated. Particular attention is focused on neurometabolic drugs with a multimodal mechanism of action, which not only protect the neuronal cytoskeleton, but also increase the tolerance of brain tissue to hypoxia.
Peculiarities of insomnia in men and women at different age periods
Authors: Pizova N. V. , Pizov A. V.
Published: November 2022

Insomnia is a public health problem and one of the most common complaints in medical practice. Sleep disturbances may manifest as difficulty falling asleep (sleep-onset insomnia), maintaining sleep continuity (waking in the middle of the night and difficulty going back to sleep) or waking too early in the morning long before the desired time (early morning insomnia). Insomnia can significantly affect daytime functioning, leading to waking up in the morning tired, reduced productivity, a tendency to make mistakes and have accidents, inability to concentrate, frequent daytime sleep and a poor quality of life. The etiology and pathophysiology of insomnia include genetic, environmental, behavioural and physiological factors. Although insomnia can affect any gender and age group, women and the elderly are more vulnerable and are more likely to develop insomnia. A detailed sleep history is key to assessing insomnia. Clinicians must be able to recognise sleep disturbances and rule out other sleep-related disorders. The aim of treating insomnia is to improve sleep and alleviate the distress or dysfunction caused by this disorder. Psychological therapy methods, drug therapy, or combinations of these methods can be used to treat insomnia. Some behavioural interventions are feasible in primary care, but lack of training in these methods limits theiruse. Various natural and over-the-counter drugs, such as melatonin-based drugs, are used as sleeping pills. Melatonin has been evaluated as a sleeping pill in different doses, demonstrating a small but significant effect on sleep latency.
A personalized approach to insomnia treatment in patients with chronic back pain
Authors: Devlikamova F. I. , Khaibullina D. H.
Published: November 2022

Sleep disorders and back pain are often found in the practice of various doctors specialties. Often these two conditions are comorbid. Sleep disorders can be both acute and chronic. To verify the state of insomnia, diagnostic criteria (MKRS-3) are proposed. Sleep disorder therapy is a complex task and includesnon-drug approaches (sleep hygiene, psychotherapeutic techniques, etc.) with more lasting effect. Drug therapy is considered as additional method of treatment using several groups of drugs. Doxylamine H1-receptor antagonists, is one of the well-known and promising drugs. The article describes two clinical cases of patients with back pain and concomitant sleep disorders. To relieve pain in both cases, standard therapy was prescribed, including NSAIDs, a muscle relaxants, B vitamins, and physiotherapy exercises. In order to normalize night sleep, the Doxylamine was additionally in a standard dosage. However, the second patient developed morning sleepiness while taking the standard dose, which required a dose reduction. Taking Doxylamine at a lower dosage effectively stopped sleep disorders and did not cause the development of drowsiness and lethargy.
Phenotypic manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia in individuals with joint hypermobility
Authors: Akhiiarova K. E. , Gantseva Kh. Kh. , Khusainova R. I. , Tyurin A. V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Joint hypermobility is a common polyetiological condition that can be accompanied by pain in the joints and lead to the early onset of osteoarthritis. The study of the comorbidity of JH and somatic pathology, in connective tissue dysplasia, is fragmentary and relevant for optimizing the classification and criteria for early diagnosis of this condition. Aim. Analysis of the frequency of phenotypic signs of uCTD in individuals with JH.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study of 35 men (21.77 ± 0.60 years) and 226 women (21.42 ± 0.18 years) was carried out. 2 groups were formed – with the presence of HMS (n = 156) and the control group (n = 105). JH was determined according to the Beighton scale, phenotypic signs of uCTD – according to the modified table by T. Kadurina.Results. Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of occurrence of phenotypic signs of CTD in individuals with hypermobility – a decrease in BMI < 18 kg/m2 (p = 0.0001), skin hyperelasticity (p = 0.0001), ptosis of internal organs (p = 0.038), dolichostenomyelia (p = 0.010), hyperkyphosis/hyperlordosis (p = 0.003), joint crunch (p = 0.009), GERD (p = 0.021) and arterial hypotension (p = 0.0001). Mild myopia was more common in the control group (p = 0.020), and severe myopia was more common in the JH group (p = 0.003). Keloid scars were more common in the group with severe JH (p = 0.021).Conclusions. In patients with joint hypermobility, phenotypic manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia were revealed, most often involving the musculoskeletal system (dolichostenomelia, crunching in the joints, curvature of the spine) and skin (hyperelasticity, keloid scars).
Zoledronic acid for osteoporosis and associated low-energy fractures
Authors: Rodionova S. S. , Kolondaev A. F. , Torgashin A. N. , Solomyannik I. A.
Published: November 2022

Zoledronic acid is a third-generation amino-containing BF that has been used to treat patients with osteoporosis for more than 15 years. Over the years, numerous experimental and clinical studies have proven the high efficacy of the drug in osteoporosis, both in women of various age groups, and in men, with primary and secondary osteoporosis, in patients with varying degrees of bone loss and risk of fractures. Intravenous infusions of zoledronic acid have been shown to result in a rapid gain of bone mass, a significant reduction in the risk of low-energy fractures of the vertebrae (spine), proximal femoral and nonvertebral fractures on the whole. However, in recent years, the use of the drug has significantly decreased, which is associated both with the lack of awareness of primary care physicians about the possibilities of this drug, and the fear of such complications of its use as atypical fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw bones. The presented review aims to increase the knowledge of physicians regarding the mechanism of action of zoledronic acid, the regimens for prescribing the drug in various forms of osteoporosis and fractures against its background. The given clinical example shows the ability of zoledronic acid (osteostatics) to increase the mass of not only cancellous, but also the cortical bone of the proximal femur, which increases the role of zoledronic acid in the prevention of recurrent fractures. On top of that, the prolonged effect of the drug allows, when the desired therapeutic effect is achieved, to reduce the frequency of prescribing according to the ‘drug holiday’ principal, decreasing economic expenditures and medical and social burden.
Cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment: therapy approaches
Authors: Pizova N. V.
Published: November 2022

The issue of cerebral vascular pathology is one of the most important social problems in the modern world, and Russia is no exception. Cerebrovascular diseases are distinguished by high prevalence, mortality and disability rates. They are of great importance from a health perspective of not only each individual, but total nation. Acute or chronic disorders of cerebral circulation naturally results from atherosclerosis of the major arteries of the head, hypertensive disease, and other cardiovascular diseases. These factors cause pathology of large and small cerebral vessels, which leads to chronic cerebral ischemia and (or) acute cerebrovascular accident with damage to various brain structures. Cognitive impairment is probably the most common presentation of cerebrovascular insufficiency. The severity of cognitive impairment can vary significantly depending on the stage of the condition and the severity of the underlying vascular disease - from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment can be caused by several mechanisms. Small vessel ischemic disease is one of the pathological conditions that cause the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Other presentations of cerebrovascular disorders can include multi-infarction, hypoperfusion, hemorrhagic, hereditary and mixed dementia. Current strategies for the management of patients with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia include symptomatic treatment, risk factor management, and non-pharmacological approaches aimed at preventing their progression.
Cryptogenic stroke. Part 3: atrial cardiopathy and silent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Demin D. A. , Kulesh A. A. , Yanishevskiy S. N. , Klimchuk D. O. , Mekhryakov S. A. , Syromyatnikova L. I. , Vinogradov O. I. , Chazov S. A.
Published: November 2022

Atrial cardiopathy (AC) and silent atrial fibrillation (AF) are potential causes of embolic cryptogenic stroke (embolic stroke of undetermined source, ESUS) timely diagnosis of which can significantly change the direction of secondary prevention and reduce the risk of repeated brain catastrophe. The article discusses clinical and radiological markers of cardioembolism, the concept of atrial cardiopathy, its electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and serum markers, as well as the possibility of drug prophylaxis of recurrent stroke. The most applicable AC features in daily operation are the ECG data (p-wave terminal force in lead V1 > 5000 μV x ms, supraventricular extrasystoles and advanced interatrial block), 24-hour ECG monitoring (≥ 480 supraventricular extrasystoles per 24-hour, paroxysms of supraventricular tachycardia ≥ 20 complexes), transthoracic (diameter of left atrium > 40 mm, index of diameter of left atrium ≥ 3 cm/m2, index of volume of left atrium > 34 ml/m2) and transesophageal echocardiography (spontaneous echo contrast phenomenon, blood flow rate in LA appendage <20 cm/s) and NT-proBNP concentration > 250 pg/ml. An individual, interdisciplinary decision to prescribe an anticoagulant when combined: (1) the presence of structural and functional AC markers, (2) cardioembolic pattern of a cerebral infarction or intracranial artery occlusion by visualization data and (3) high thromboembolic risk and probability of detection of AF on assessment scales (CHA2DS2-VASc, AF-ESUS and C2HEST). The greatest benefit of prescribing anticoagulant therapy can be obtained by patients with recurrent ESUS in whom sufficient secondary prevention and expressed AC, typical cardioembolism imaging pattern and high risk of thromboembolic events have already been achieved.
Acetone O-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)Oxime as an Agent Alleviating the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress in Maize
Authors: YETİŞSİN Fuat , SEVİMLİ İnci
Published: November 2022

The negative effects of drought stress, which is the most effective type of stress on the yield loss of crops with a rate of 26% among abiotic stresses, are increasing day by day with global warming. The purpose of the study is to find out if Acetone O-(4 chlorophenylsulfonyl) oxime (AO) has positive effects on the metabolism of maize seedlings under drought or not. The following experimental setup was established: 18 hours distilled water Control (C), 6 hours 0.66 mM AO+12 hours distilled water (AO), 6 hours distilled water+12 hours 3% PEG (D), and 6 hours 0.66 mM AO+12 hours 3% PEG (AO+D). While ABA content decreased in AO application compared to control, it was determined that ABA decreased in AO+D application compared to D. While a difference could not be determined between AO by control and between D by AO+D applications on RWC content, it was observed that stress significantly reduced in RWC. It was determined that AO increased the Photosynthetic pigment content in the AO+D compared to the D. It was determined that AO reduced MDA and H2O2 content by regulating the activities of antioxidant system enzymes. It was observed that the proline content increased in AO application compared to control and in AO+D application compared to D. While ASA content decreased in AO application compared to control, it was determined that ASA content increased in AO+D application compared to D. Significant fluctuations in the contents of phenolic substances were determined. As a result, the pre-application of AO to maize under drought stress may prevent the formation of radicals, and this situation is thought to be due to the antioxidative properties of AO.
Microteodiceas y procesos de subjetivación: personas migrantes centroamericanas mutiladas en su tránsito por México
Authors: Alquisiras Terrones Luisa , Zapata Aburto Héctor
Published: November 2022

Se analizan las experiencias de sufrimiento de personas migrantes centroamericanas que padecieron mutilaciones como consecuencia de eventos ocurridos en su desplazamiento por territorio mexicano al utilizar trenes de carga, destinados al traslado de mercancías, como medio de transporte. Método que ha sido empleado de forma clandestina por la migración irregular para llegar a la frontera con Estados Unidos. El material empírico es producto de una investigación cualitativa multisituada con enfoque etnográfico, realizada de 2016 a 2020, donde a través de entrevistas a profundidad y observaciones participantes se reconstruyeron 12 casos de personas migrantes mutiladas. Se reflexiona sobre las formas que hallaron para reconfigurar su subjetividad toda vez que las lesiones físicas los expusieron a la muerte e interrumpieron sus trayectorias migratorias, en ocasiones, de forma definitiva. Se centra en el papel de lo sagrado como una dimensión de sentido que ayudó a inteligir el evento sufrido y a retomar sus vidas.
Edukacja etyczna pedagogów specjalnych
Authors: Zając Dariusz
Published: November 2022

Wśród wielości zagadnień podejmowanych w obrębie zainteresowań pedagogiki specjalnej nie może zabraknąć takich, które dotyczą edukacji pedagogów specjalnych. Odnosi to się również do tego fragmentu tej edukacji, który swym zakresem obejmuje etyczny wymiar aktywności zawodowej podejmowanej przez tę grupę pedagogów. Od właściwego bowiem przygotowania etycznego pedagogów specjalnych zależeć będzie jakość uruchamianej przez nich działalności, a w szczególności: dydaktycznej, wychowawczej, opiekuńczej, terapeutycznej, rewalidacyjnej, rehabilitacyjnej, resocjalizacyjnej. W każdą z tych działalności wpisany jest pierwiastek etyczny, przesądzający o specyficznym jej charakterze. Tymczasem problematyka edukacji etycznej pedagogów specjalnych nie była, jak dotychczas, w zadowalającym stopniu przedmiotem pogłębionego namysłu naukowego. W tekście zaprezentowano dwa podejścia do edukacji etycznej pedagogów specjalnych, a mianowicie, po pierwsze: jako przekazywanie normatywnej wiedzy etycznej i po drugie: jako kształtowanie dyspozycji etycznych pedagogów specjalnych. Podejścia te nie są traktowane jako jedyne i słuszne, ale co najwyżej stanowić one mogą punkt wyjścia do szerszych eksploracji wpisujących się w rozważania nad kształtem tej edukacji, co ma swoje znaczenie zarówno dla teorii, jak i praktyki w obszarze współczesnej rzeczywistości edukacyjnej.
Psychospołeczne aspekty utraty wzroku i słuchu w późnej dorosłości
Authors: Czerwińska Kornelia
Published: November 2022

Z uwagi na stale utrzymującą się tendencję starzenia się populacji światowej prognozuje się zwiększenie w następnych dekadach liczby osób tracących jednocześnie wzrok i słuch w okresie późnej dorosłości. Nabycie w podeszłym wieku sprzężonej niepełnosprawności sensorycznej prowadzi do obniżenia jakości życia. Artykuł koncentruje się na opisie wpływu jednoczesnej utraty wzroku i słuchu na psychospołeczne funkcjonowanie seniorów w oparciu o przegląd materiałów empirycznych. W świetle dotychczasowych badań skutki deficytów w obszarze obu tych zmysłów są znacznie poważniejsze niż konsekwencje wyizolowanej dysfunkcji wzroku czy słuchu. Do najczęściej rejestrowanych negatywnych następstw nabytego głuchoniewidzenia należały: pogorszenie funkcji kognitywnych, ograniczenie kontaktów społecznych, problemy w wykonywaniu czynności życia codziennego, zaburzenia zdrowia psychicznego, w tym głównie zaburzenia nastroju.
Obraz osób z niepełnoprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim na podstawie ich charakterystyk – perspektywa temporalna
Authors: Parys Katarzyna , Olszewski Sławomir
Published: November 2022

Charakterystyki osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim są stałym, powtarzalnym elementem publikacji odnoszących się do tej zbiorowości. W artykule prowadzone są rozważania dotyczące zmienności i stałości treści wybranych charakterystyk opublikowanych w latach 1959 – 2015. Zamiarem, jaki postawili sobie autorzy było nie tylko ukazanie podobieństw i różnic pomiędzy charakterystykami osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim tworzonymi na przestrzeni kolejnych lat, ale również określenie, czy ujawnione zmiany odpowiadają przeobrażeniom zachodzącym w pedagogice specjalnej.
Zainteresowania szkolne i pozaszkolne podopiecznych pieczy instytucjonalnej
Authors: Ruszkowska Marzena
Published: November 2022

Piecza zastępcza może być sprawowana w formie rodzinnej bądź instytucjonalnej. Wśród zadań instytucjonalnej pieczy zastępczej należy wymienić między innymi zaspokajanie potrzeb wychowanka, zapewnienie dostępu do nauki i różnego rodzaju zajęć, w tym również pozalekcyjnych i rekreacyjno-sportowych dających możliwości rozwijania zainteresowań. W niniejszym artykule skoncentrowano się na zainteresowaniach szkolnych i pozaszkolnych podopiecznych pieczy instytucjonalnej. Badania sondażowe z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety oparto na próbie 633 podopiecznych placówek opiekuńczo-wychowawczych typu socjalizacyjnego i rodzinnego z terenu 6 województw wschodniej, północno-wschodniej, południowo-wschodniej i centralnej Polski. Z analiz wynika, iż co 7 wychowanek nie posiada żadnych zainteresowań, wśród wybieranych przez badanych aktywności dominują formy rekreacyjne, głównie zajęcia sportowe, natomiast aż 40 % podopiecznych wskazujących posiadanie jakichkolwiek zainteresowań nie rozwija ich w żaden sposób.
Activation of persons with disabilities on the labor market
Authors: Podlińska Olga , Stolarczyk Paulina , Żmijewska Aneta
Published: November 2022

Social and professional inclusion of persons with disabilities is a big challenge to the state, local authorities and other people responsible for administration as well as institutions supporting persons with dysfunctions. Determining the situation of persons with disabilities on the labor market and proper identification of its causes results in effective development of the state policy for those persons and efficient activities of the institutions which support them in professional activation.
Man in the face of suffering. Pedagogical perspective
Authors: Niewęgłowski Jan
Published: November 2022

Suffering, in its broad sense, is present in every person’s life. Suffering accompanies each individual human being at every degree of longitude and latitude and it can, therefore, be considered a universal theme. Suffering coexists with man, and thus it belongs to those areas of human activity and reflection that are constantly undertaken anew. Even though suffering can be discerned in the animal world, the concept of “suffering” seems to affect man in a particular way, and it is an inherent part of human existence. Suffering may reveal to man his own depth and layers of his personality, which he might otherwise often remain unaware of. Human earthly life begins and is fulfilled between immanence and transcendence. For a believer, suffering belongs to the latter. Suffering may reveal itself in many different forms and degrees of intensity. In spite of many attempts to seek an answer to the question “why”, suffering still remains the great mystery. Therefore, a suffering man should always evoke in us the feeling of compassion and respect. As far as possible one should offer him help, comfort and hope. The process of education should sensitize young people to the presence of suffering both in their life as well as in that of others around them.
Connected speech in EFL pedagogy
Authors: Jednaszewski Piotr
Published: November 2022

Teaching BATNA and WATNA on EFL – English as a Foreign Language - programmes involves the development of students’ competence in a foreign language and the improvement of their negotiation skills and their ability to analyse cases. This article presents some techniques for teaching and evaluating BATNA and WATNA in an EFL Business Class. The author provides examples and explanations to illustrate the necessity of BATNA and WATNA preparation. This article also provides two case studies: the first on Education Incorporated – an educational institution aiming to develop on the international market, and the second on Emerald River - an importer of wine to Asian markets. Both cases were written by Alex Allen from the University of St Andrews, Scotland and Piotr Jednaszewski from St Mary’s Academy, Kirkcaldy, Scotland. What I am to provide in this article is the ideas for and an approximation of lesson staging of these presented case studies which can be used in the EFL classroom to practise negotiation skills, as well as to introduce students to and emphasise the importance of BATNA and WATNA.
Człowiek – wychowanek – uczeń odmienny neurorozwojowo w przestrzeni pedagogiki towarzyszenia
Authors: Borowska Agata
Published: November 2022

Artykuł skupia się na wyjaśnieniu istoty pedagogiki towarzyszenia w procesie wychowawczym w autonomicznej przestrzeni świadomości relacyjnej wychowawca - wychowanek. Podejmuje temat rozumienia wymiaru duchowego i jego wpływu na kształtowanie się procesu w kierunku samodzielności, samostanowienia wychowanka w który wpisana jest osobowa godność człowieka. Obecność dwóch interpretacji – antropologicznej i duchowej wzbogaca rozumienie istoty człowieka również w relacji z Transcedentem – Bogiem. Podnosi kwestię istotnego związku pomiędzy personalizmem, a wychowywaniem religijnym, mającym wpływ na kształtowanie się postaw moralno – etycznych wychowanka. Stanowi wołanie o wychowywanie w duchu rozumiejącym osób sprawnych inaczej, odmiennie, bez wartościowania i nadawania stereotypowych schematów ich postrzegania. Uwzględnienie perspektywy neuroodmienności w neurożnorodnym świecie wnosi kontekst rozumienia człowieka sprawnego inaczej, nie w obszarze medykalizacyjnym, ale społeczno-kulturowo-filozoficznym.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene Therapy
Authors: Saad Fawzy A. , Saad Jasen F. , Siciliano Gabriele , Merlini Luciano , Angelini Corrado
Published: November 2022

Abstracts:

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are allelic X-linked recessive neuromuscular
diseases affecting both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Therefore, owing to their single X chromosome,
the affected boys receive pathogenic gene mutations from their unknowing carrier mothers. Current
pharmacological drugs are palliative that address the symptoms of the disease rather than the genetic
cause imbedded in the Dystrophin gene DNA sequence. Therefore, alternative therapies like gene
drugs that could address the genetic cause of the disease at its root are crucial, which include gene
transfer/implantation, exon skipping, and gene editing. Presently, it is possible through genetic reprogramming
to engineer AAV vectors to deliver certain therapeutic cargos specifically to muscle or other
organs regardless of their serotype. Similarly, it is possible to direct the biogenesis of exosomes to
carry gene editing constituents or certain therapeutic cargos to specific tissue or cell type like brain
and muscle. While autologous exosomes are immunologically inert, it is possible to camouflage AAV
capsids, and lipid nanoparticles to evade the immune system recognition. In this review, we highlight
current opportunities for Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy, which has been known thus far
as an incurable genetic disease. This article is a part of Gene Therapy of Rare Genetic Diseases thematic
issue.
Surgical Advances in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Hvingelby Victor S. , Pavese Nicola
Published: November 2022

While symptomatic pharmacological therapy remains the main therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s
disease (PD), over the last two decades, surgical approaches have become more commonly
used to control levodopa-induced motor complications and dopamine-resistant and non-motor symptoms
of PD. In this paper, we discuss old and new surgical treatments for PD and the many technological
innovations in this field. We have initially reviewed the relevant surgical anatomy as well as the
pathological signaling considered to be the underlying cause of specific symptoms of PD. Subsequently,
early attempts at surgical symptom control will be briefly reviewed. As the most well-known surgical
intervention for PD is deep brain stimulation, this subject is discussed at length. As deciding on
whether a patient stands to benefit from DBS can be quite difficult, the different proposed paradigms
for precisely this are covered. Following this, the evidence regarding different targets, especially the
subthalamic nucleus and internal globus pallidus, is reviewed as well as the evidence for newer proposed
targets for specific symptoms. Due to the rapidly expanding nature of knowledge and technological
capabilities, some of these new and potential future capabilities are given consideration in
terms of their current and future use. Following this, we have reviewed newer treatment modalities,
especially magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound and other potential surgical therapies, such
as spinal cord stimulation for gait symptoms and others. As mentioned, the field of surgical alleviation
of symptoms of PD is undergoing a rapid expansion, and this review provides a general overview of
the current status and future directions in the field.
Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders by Mitochondrial-targeted Drug: Future of Neurological Diseases Therapeutics
Authors: Nabi Showkat Ul , Rehman Muneeb U. , Arafah Azher , Taifa Syed , Khan Iqra Shafi , Khan Andleeb , Rashid Summya , Jan Fatimah , Wani Hilal Ahmad , Ahmad Sheikh Fayaz
Published: November 2022

Abstracts:

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology that might involve environmental and genetic variables. Recently, some epidemiological studies conducted in various parts of the world have estimated a significant increase in the prevalence of autism, with 1 in every 59 children having some degree of autism. Since autism has been associated with other clinical abnormalities, there is every possibility that a sub-cellular component may be involved in the progression of autism. The organelle remains a focus based on mitochondria's functionality and metabolic role in cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial genome is inherited maternally and has its DNA and organelle that remain actively involved during embryonic development; these characteristics have linked mitochondrial dysfunction to autism. Although rapid stride has been made in autism research, there are limited studies that have made particular emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and autism. Accumulating evidence from studies conducted at cellular and sub-cellular levels has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction's role in autism is more than expected. The present review has attempted to describe the risk factors of autism, the role of mitochondria in the progression of the disease, oxidative damage as a trigger point to initiate mitochondrial damage, genetic determinants of the disease, possible pathogenic pathways and therapeutic regimen in vogue and the developmental stage. Furthermore, in the present review, an attempt has been made to include the novel therapeutic regimens under investigation at different clinical trial stages and their potential possibility to emerge as promising drugs against ASD.
Neonatal Anemia
Authors: Juul Sandra E. , German Kendell R.
Published: November 2022

All neonates experience a downtrend in their hematocrit values immediately following the birth through normal falls in erythropoietin (Epo) production, transition to adult hemoglobin, and hemodilution with somatic growth. However, this drop is more pronounced in critically ill and preterm neonates and can lead to potentially pathologic anemia that impairs tissue oxygen delivery. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying physiologic anemia and anemia of prema-turity and briefly review the evidence for the treatment of anemia in the neonatal population, includ-ing the use of red blood cell transfusions, erythropoietic stimulating agents, and iron supplementa-tion.
WITHDRAWN: Bismuth(III) Complexes with Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Characterization, Interaction with Biomolecules, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Gvozdev Maxim Y. , Loginova Natalia V. , Ksendzova Galina A. , Osipovich Nikolai P. , Koval’chuk-Rabchinskaya Tat’yana V. , Faletrov Yaroslav V. , Khodosovskaya Alina M. , Evtushenkov Anatoly N.
Published: November 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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