bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a 12-gene expression signature to predict colon cancer prognosis
Authors: Sun Dalong , Chen Jing , Liu Longzi , Zhao Guangxi , Dong Pingping , Wu Bingrui , Wang Jun , Dong Ling
Published: June 2018

A robust and accurate gene expression signature is essential to assist oncologists to determine which subset of patients at similar Tumor-Lymph Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage has high recurrence risk and could benefit from adjuvant therapies. Here we applied a two-step supervised machine-learning method and established a 12-gene expression signature to precisely predict colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) prognosis by using COAD RNA-seq transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The predictive performance of the 12-gene signature was validated with two independent gene expression microarray datasets:GSE39582includes 566 COAD cases for the development of six molecular subtypes with distinct clinical, molecular and survival characteristics;GSE17538is a dataset containing 232 colon cancer patients for the generation of a metastasis gene expression profile to predict recurrence and death in COAD patients. The signature could effectively separate the poor prognosis patients from good prognosis group (disease specific survival (DSS): Kaplan Meier (KM) Log Rankp= 0.0034; overall survival (OS): KM Log Rankp= 0.0336) inGSE17538. For patients with proficient mismatch repair system (pMMR) inGSE39582, the signature could also effectively distinguish high risk group from low risk group (OS: KM Log Rankp= 0.005; Relapse free survival (RFS): KM Log Rankp= 0.022). Interestingly, advanced stage patients were significantly enriched in high 12-gene score group (Fisher’s exact testp= 0.0003). After stage stratification, the signature could still distinguish poor prognosis patients inGSE17538from good prognosis within stage II (Log Rankp = 0.01) and stage II & III (Log Rankp= 0.017) in the outcome of DFS. Within stage III or II/III pMMR patients treated with Adjuvant Chemotherapies (ACT) and patients with higher 12-gene score showed poorer prognosis (III, OS: KM Log Rankp= 0.046; III & II, OS: KM Log Rankp= 0.041). Among stage II/III pMMR patients with lower 12-gene scores inGSE39582, the subgroup receiving ACT showed significantly longer OS time compared with those who received no ACT (Log Rankp= 0.021), while there is no obvious difference between counterparts among patients with higher 12-gene scores (Log Rankp= 0.12). Besides COAD, our 12-gene signature is multifunctional in several other cancer types including kidney cancer, lung cancer, uveal and skin melanoma, brain cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Functional classification showed that seven of the twelve genes are involved in immune system function and regulation, so our 12-gene signature could potentially be used to guide decisions about adjuvant therapy for patients with stage II/III and pMMR COAD.
Retracted: IFITM3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis by regulating MMP9 through p38/MAPK signaling
Authors: Min Jiaqi , Feng Qian , Liao Wenjun , Liang Yiming , Gong Chengwu , Li Enliang , He Wenfeng , Yuan Rongfa , Wu Linquan
Published: June 2018

Interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has been shown to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. However, the role of IFITM3 in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poorly understood. In this study, we showed that IFITM3 was frequently overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. Overexpression of IFITM3 was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in HCC. Knockdown of IFITM3 dramatically decreased MMP9 expression and inhibited the invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the upregulation of MMP9 rescued the decreased migration and invasion induced by the knockdown of IFITM3, whereas the knockdown of MMP9 decreased IFITM3‐enhanced HCC migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we found that IFITM3 regulates MMP9 expression through the p38/MAPK pathway. Taken together, we identified a novel IFITM3–p38/MAPK–MMP9 regulatory circuitry, the dysfunction of which drives invasive and metastatic character in HCC.
Cross Talk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis Contributes to ZnO Nanoparticle‐Induced Human Osteosarcoma Cell Death
Authors: He Guanping , Ma Yunlong , Zhu Ye , Yong Lei , Liu Xiao , Wang Peng , Liang Chen , Yang Chenlong , Zhao Zhigang , Hai Bao , Pan Xiaoyu , Liu Zhongjun , Liu Xiaoguang , Mao Chuanbin
Published: June 2018

Killing osteosarcoma cells by zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and its underlying subcellular mechanism are never studied. Here, it is found that the NPs induce cross talk between apoptosis and autophagy, which leads to osteosarcoma cell death. Specifically, the NP uptake promotes autophagy by inducing accumulation of autophagosomes along with impairment of lysosomal functions. The autophagy further causes the uptaken NPs to release zinc ions by promoting their dissolution. These intracellular zinc ions, together with those that are originally released from the extracellular NPs and flowed into the cells, collectively target and damage mitochondria to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then the ROS inhibit cell proliferation by arresting S phase and trigger apoptosis by extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, ultimately leading to cell death. More importantly, suppression of the early stage autophagy restores cell viability by abolishing apoptosis whereas blockade of the late stage autophagy inversely enhances apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of apoptosis shows a limited ability to restore cell viability but obviously enhance autophagy. Notably, cell viability is strongly ameliorated by the combination of inhibitors for both the late stage autophagy and the apoptosis. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the NP‐directed autophagy and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells.
Producing Covalent Microarrays of Amine‐Conjugated DNA Probes on Various Functional Surfaces to Create Stable and Reliable Biosensors
Authors: Yousefi Hanie , Su Hsuan‐Ming , Ali Monsur , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Didar Tohid F.
Published: June 2018

Oligonucleotide‐based microarrays are ideal tools for genetic testing and diagnostics due to their stability, ease of synthesis, and high specificity for the target of interest. This study reports on the effectiveness of several coupling strategies to covalently attach single‐stranded nucleic acids to surfaces, focusing on the robustness of the attachment in various environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. Various characteristics of DNA microarrays produced using amine‐conjugated DNA probes on five different functional surfaces, commonly used for immobilization of biomolecules, namely, epoxy, carboxyl, amine, aldehyde, and N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐coated substrates, are investigated. Immobilization efficiency, changes in surface energy, as well as the stability of the conjugated DNA upon exposure to various environmental conditions are measured. Finally, in order to study the postimmobilization viability of the developed biosensors, microarrays of synthetic RNA cleaving probes (DNAzyme) are immobilized onto these surfaces and their functionality is evaluated through their ability to detect Escherichia coli at various temperatures. Results show that epoxy‐coated plastic surfaces are most ideal for the creation of DNA‐based biosensing chips. This study provides a guideline for producing oligonucleotide‐based microarrays on glass and plastic substrates and can be used for developing microarray‐based biosensors, suitable for long‐term storage.
Fluorination‐Enhanced Ambient Stability and Electronic Tolerance of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots
Authors: Tang Xian , Chen Hong , Ponraj Joice Sophia , Dhanabalan Sathish Chander , Xiao Quanlan , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han
Published: June 2018

The environmental instability and uneliminable electronic trap states in black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) limit the optoelectronics and related applications of BPQDs. Here, fluorinated BPQDs (F‐BPQDs) are successfully synthesized by using a facile electrochemical exfoliation and synchronous fluorination method. The F‐BPQDs exhibit robust ambient stability and limited fluorination capability, showing a nonstoichiometric fluorination degree (DF) maximum of ≈0.68. Density functional theory calculations confirm that due to the edge etching effect of fluorine adatoms, the simulated F‐BPQDs become structurally unstable when DF surpasses the limit. Furthermore, the trap states of BPQDs can be effectively eliminated via fluorination to obtain a coordination number of 3 or 5 for fluorinated and unfluorinated phosphorus atoms. The results reveal that the air‐stable F‐BPQDs exhibit fluorine defect‐enhanced electronic tolerance, which is crucial for nanophotonics and nanoelectronics applications.
Recent Advances in Engineering the Stem Cell Microniche in 3D
Authors: Bao Min , Xie Jing , Huck Wilhelm T. S.
Published: June 2018

Conventional 2D cell culture techniques have provided fundamental insights into key biochemical and biophysical mechanisms responsible for various cellular behaviors, such as cell adhesion, spreading, division, proliferation, and differentiation. However, 2D culture in vitro does not fully capture the physical and chemical properties of the native microenvironment. There is a growing body of research that suggests that cells cultured on 2D substrates differ greatly from those grown in vivo. This article focuses on recent progress in using bioinspired 3D matrices that recapitulate as many aspects of the natural extracellular matrix as possible. A range of techniques for the engineering of 3D microenvironment with precisely controlled biophysical and chemical properties, and the impact of these environments on cellular behavior, is reviewed. Finally, an outlook on future challenges for engineering the 3D microenvironment and how such approaches would further our understanding of the influence of the microenvironment on cell function is provided.
SiC‐Doped Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase‐Change Material: A Candidate for High‐Density Embedded Memory Application
Authors: Guo Tianqi , Song Sannian , Song Zhitang , Ji Xinglong , Xue Yuan , Chen Liangliang , Cheng Yan , Liu Bo , Wu Liangcai , Qi Ming , Feng Songlin
Published: June 2018

Phase‐change memory is one of the most attractive solutions for embedded applications, thanks to the low cost of integration with current manufacturing processes and the good scaling behavior. Despite intensive research efforts that are devoted to the modification of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) phase‐change material, the obtained improvements are still unsatisfactory for high‐performance applications. In this paper, SiC‐modification is first introduced to enhance the amorphous stability of GST without sacrificing its transition speed. Several enhancements can be demonstrated, including better thermal stability (10‐year data retention above 120 °C), lower RESET voltage (about 3.0 V at 20 ns pulse width), reduced volume change (smaller than 3.0%), and expected operation cycles (more than 1.0 × 105). According to the findings, the local bonding nature of Ge/Te atoms can be tuned by C/Si dopants through forming CGe and SiTe bonds. Apart from strengthening the atomic binding network for desirable data retention, the element interdiffusion is also effectively controlled and suppressed. Together with finer grains, smaller density change, and more uniform morphology, the modified structure transition finally contributes to the reduced switching voltage and long‐term endurance. Hence, it is envisaged that SiC‐doped GST with such advantages will give a competitive option for high‐density and high‐performance embedded memory.
Remote C−H Functionalization of 8‐Aminoquinolinamides
Authors: Khan Bhuttu , Dutta Himangsu Sekhar , Koley Dipankar
Published: June 2018

8‐Aminoquinoline, a common structural motif present in many natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and important drugs has always been an attractive scaffold in synthetic organic chemistry. Recent years have witnessed the development of 8‐aminoquinoline as a ligand in transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalizations. Therefore, synthesis of functionalized 8‐aminoquinolines is of great importance and rapid generation of functionalized quinolines could be achieved by direct C−H functionalization. In this regard, since the seminal report of distal C5‐H halogenations of quinoline, diverse C−X bond formation reactions have been published. This review is focused on the C5‐H functionalization of 8‐aminoquinolinamide derivatives, including not only C−C bond formation reactions but also carbon–heteroatom bond formations such as C−X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) C−S, C−Se, C−N, C−O, and C−P. In most cases, the C5 position is activated by a single electron transfer method employing either metal catalysts, photocatalysts, or metal‐free conditions.
Shortcomings in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis: evaluating diagnosis by otolaryngologists and primary care physicians
Authors: Xiao Christopher C. , Anderson Mitchell , Harless Lucas D. , Liang Jonathan
Published: June 2018

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent illness in the United States that accounts for 18–22 million physician visits annually. The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) has defined diagnostic criteria, but a recent study demonstrated that nearly all patients diagnosed by nonspecialists did not meet these criteria. In this study we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic rate of CRS by primary care physicians and otolaryngologists.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a random sample of adult patients diagnosed with CRS in 2016, based on ICD‐10 codes from primary care and otolaryngology departments. Patients with previous CRS diagnosis, previous sinus surgery, and related comorbidities were excluded.

Results

A total of 502 patients with a new CRS diagnosis were analyzed (308 from primary care, 194 from otolaryngology). The percentage of diagnoses meeting the criteria was significantly higher from otolaryngology (28.9% vs 0.97%, p < 0.0001), but was low in both cohorts. Symptom duration <12 weeks was higher in primary care (81.6% vs 53.6%, p < 0.0001), as was lack of evidence of inflammation (97.4% vs 50.0%, p < 0.0001). Having <2 of the required symptoms was significantly higher in otolaryngology (63.8% vs 50.8%, p = 0.013). The most commonly unevaluated symptom was decreased sense of smell (97.7% in primary care, 69.1% in otolaryngology encounters).

Conclusion

CRS diagnoses commonly do not meet the diagnostic criteria outlined by the AAO‐HNS in both primary care and otolaryngology. As a specialty, we should aim to improve our adherence to the guidelines and educate our primary care colleagues to better identify patients with CRS and initiate appropriate treatment.
Synthesis and solid‐state structures of t‐Bu3Ga–EPh3 Lewis acid–base adducts
Authors: Heckel Alla , Bendt Georg , John Lukas , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: June 2018

Three Lewis acid–base adducts t‐Bu3Ga–EPh3 (E = P 1, As 2, Sb 3) were synthesized by reactions of Ph3E and t‐Bu3Ga and characterized by heteronuclear NMR (1H, 13C (31P)) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their structural parameters are discussed and compared to similar t‐Bu3Ga adducts. The strength of the donor‐acceptor interactions within 1–3 was investigated in solution by temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy and by quantum chemical calculations.
Valence‐Tuned Lithium Titanate Nanopowder for High‐Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Widmaier Mathias , Pfeifer Kristina , Bommer Lars , Presser Volker
Published: June 2018

The front cover artwork highlights work from the Robert Bosch GmbH and the INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials (Germany). The image illustrates the effect of hydrogen annealing on lithium titanate: creating oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure not only makes the white powder become dark blue, but also electrically much more conductive. As a result, lithium titanate allows for ultrahigh charge and discharge rates of lithium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/batt.201700007.
The Energy Maintenance Theory of Aging: Maintaining Energy Metabolism to Allow Longevity
Authors: Chaudhari Snehal N. , Kipreos Edward T.
Published: June 2018

Fused, elongated mitochondria are more efficient in generating ATP than fragmented mitochondria. In diverse C. elegans longevity pathways, increased levels of fused mitochondria are associated with lifespan extension. Blocking mitochondrial fusion in these animals abolishes their extended longevity. The long‐lived C. elegans vhl‐1 mutant is an exception that does not have increased fused mitochondria, and is not dependent on fusion for longevity. Loss of mammalian VHL upregulates alternate energy generating pathways. This suggests that mitochondrial fusion facilitates longevity in C. elegans by increasing energy metabolism. In diverse animals, ATP levels broadly decreases with age. Substantial evidence supports the theory that increasing or maintaining energy metabolism promotes the survival of older animals. Increased ATP levels in older animals allow energy‐intensive repair and homeostatic mechanisms such as proteostasis that act to prevent cellular aging. These observations support the emerging paradigm that maintaining energy metabolism promotes the survival of older animals.
A sensitive SERS quantitative analysis method for Ni2+ by the dimethylglyoxime reaction regulating a graphene oxide nanoribbon catalytic gold nanoreaction
Authors: Liang Aihui , Li Xin , Zhang Xinghui , Wen Guiqing , Jiang Zhiliang
Published: June 2018

The nanogold reaction between HAuCl4 and trisodium citrate (TCA) proceeded very slowly at 60°C in a water bath. The as‐prepared graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) exhibited strong catalysis during the reaction to form gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and appeared as a strong surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak at 1616 cm−1 in the presence of the molecular probe Victoria blue 4R (VB4r). With increase in GONR concentration, the SERS peak increased due to increased formation of Au NPs. Upon addition of dimethylglyoxime (DMG) ligand, which was adsorbed onto the GONR surface to inhibit GONR catalysis, the SERS peak decreased. When Ni2+ was added, a coordination reaction between DMG and Ni2+ took place to form stable complexes of [Ni (DMG)2]2+ and the release of free GONR catalyst that resulted in the SERS peak increasing linearly. A SERS quantitative analysis method for Ni2+ was therefore established, with a linear range of 0.07–2.8 μM, and a detection limit of 0.036 μM Ni2+.
Highly Stabilized Zinc–Air Batteries Based on Nanostructured Co3O4 Composites as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Nie Qi , Cai Yixiao , Xu Nengneng , Peng Luwei , Qiao Jinli
Published: June 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Jinli Qiao's research group from Donghua University (China). The image shows an as‐prepared composite material consisting of Co3O4 with two carbon materials [i.e. carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and mesoporous carbon] with excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. The composite shows great potential and practical implementation for rechargeable energy devices in electric vehicles are envisioned. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201800159.
Differential Modulation of the Aggregation of N‐Terminal Truncated Aβ using Cucurbiturils
Authors: Li Gao , Yang Wu‐Yue , Zhao Yu‐Fen , Chen Yong‐Xiang , Hong Liu , Li Yan‐Mei
Published: June 2018

Modulating the aggregation of Aβ has long been considered to be one of the potential methods to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been found that different Aβ species, including N‐terminal truncated or/and modified Aβ, co‐exist in the brain of AD patients. Yet, there is currently little detailed work about the specific modulation of these Aβ species which hinders us to understand their roles in patients’ brain. Using thioflavin T (ThT) kinetics and transmission electron microscope, here we showed that cucurbit[7]uril and cucurbit[8]uril could inhibit the aggregation of both Aβ4‐40 and Aβ1‐40 through host‐guest interactions. Chemical kinetics analysis suggested that this happened through inhibiting the elongation process by binding with fibril ends. In addition, cucurbiturils showed greater capability on the inhibition of Aβ4‐40 than Aβ1‐40, which was possibly due to the N‐terminal phenylalanine residue of Aβ4‐40. Our work provided new insights for the development of host–guest chemistry based inhibitors for the aggregation of different Aβ species.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Phosphorylation of Enamido C(sp2)–H Bonds: A General Route to β‐Amido‐vinylphosphonates
Authors: Qiao Baokun , Cao Hao‐Qiang , Huang Yin‐Jun , Zhang Yue , Nie Jing , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An
Published: June 2018

Organophosphorus compounds are essential structures in modern pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. The development of new and efficient methods for the synthesis of C–P bonds has been an important focus of research. We herein report a Pd‐catalyzed enamido C(sp2)–H phosphorylation for direct construction of C–P bonds under simple and convenient conditions without the need for additional ligands or directing groups. The present reaction can tolerate a wide range of functional groups, and furnish a variety of phosphorylation products including tetrasubstituted‐vinyl β‐aminophosphonates that are otherwise difficult to access. This protocol was also exemplified into the late‐stage modification of bioactive natural products and was suitable for large‐scale synthesis.
CETP‐Inhibition and HDL‐Cholesterol: A Story of CV Risk or CV Benefit, or Both
Authors: Nicholls Stephen J.
Published: June 2018

Inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) were developed due to their ability to raise HDL‐C levels. Preclinical studies demonstrated favorable effects on atherosclerotic plaque with CETP inhibitory approaches in animal models. While these agents raise HDL‐C and lower LDL‐C, most have not proven to reduce cardiovascular event rates in large outcome trials. The state of opinion after all of these clinical trials is reviewed.
OW‐SVM: Ontology and whale optimization‐based support vector machine for privacy‐preserved medical data classification in cloud
Authors: Karlekar Nandkishor P. , Gomathi N
Published: June 2018

Cloud is a multitenant architecture that allows the cloud users to share the resources via servers and is used in various applications, including data classification. Data classification is a widely used data mining technique for big data analysis. It helps the learners to discover hidden data patterns by training massive data collected from the real world. Because this trained model is the private asset of an entity, it should be protected from all other noncollaborative entities. Therefore, it is essential to take effective measures to preserve the confidential data. The objective of this paper is to preserve the privacy of the confidential data in the cloud environment by introducing the medical data classification method. In view of that, this paper presents a method for medical data classification using a novel ontology and whale optimization‐based support vector machine (OW‐SVM) approach. Initially, privacy‐preserved data are developed adopting Kronecker product bat approach, and then, ontology is built for the feature selection process. Ontology and whale optimization‐based support vector machine is then proposed by integrating ontology and whale optimization algorithm into SVM, in which ontology and whale optimization algorithm is used for the feasible selection of kernel parameters. The experiment is done using 3 heart disease datasets, such as Cleveland, Switzerland, and Hungarian. In a comparative analysis, the performance of the OW‐SVM approach is compared with that of K‐nearest neighbor, Naive Bayes, decision tree, SVM, and OW‐SVM, using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and fitness, as the evaluation metrics. The OW‐SVM approach could achieve maximum performance with accuracy of 83.21%, the sensitivity of 91.49%, specificity of 73%, and fitness of 81.955, outperforming existing comparative techniques.
Error performance of Uncoded Space Time Labelling Diversity in spatially correlated Nakagami‐q channels
Authors: Patel Sulaiman Saleem , Quazi Tahmid , Xu Hongjun
Published: June 2018

Greater spectral efficiency has recently been achieved for Uncoded Space Time Labelling Diversity (USTLD) systems by increasing the number of antennas in the transmit antenna array. However, due to constrained physical space in hardware, the use of more antennas can lead to degradation in error performance due to correlation. Thus, this paper studies the effects of spatial correlation on the error performance of USTLD systems. The union bound approach, along with the Kronecker correlation model, is used to derive an analytical expression for the average bit error probability (ABEP) in the presence of Nakagami‐q fading. This expression is validated by the results of Monte Carlo simulations, which shows a tight fit in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) region. The degradation in error performance due to transmit and receive antenna correlation is investigated independently. Results indicate that transmit antenna correlation in the USTLD systems investigated (3 × 3 8PSK, 2 × 4 16PSK, 2 × 4 16QAM, and 2 × 4 64QAM) causes a greater degradation in error performance than receive antenna correlation. It is also shown that 2 × 4 USTLD systems are more susceptible to correlation than comparable space‐time block coded systems for 8PSK, 16PSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM.
Relations between early maternal sensitivity and toddler self‐regulation: Exploring variation by oxytocin and dopamine D2 receptor genes
Authors: Augustine Mairin E. , Leerkes Esther M. , Smolen Andrew , Calkins Susan D.
Published: June 2018

Gene‐by‐environment interactions between maternal sensitivity during infancy and child oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) and D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2 TaqIA, rs1822497) genotypes were explored as predictors of toddlers’ well‐regulated behavioral and physiological responses to maternal compliance demands. Maternal sensitivity was assessed across a range of mother–child interactions when children were 6 months and 1 year of age (N = 186), and toddler self‐regulatory responses were assessed through compliance and vagal withdrawal during a toy clean‐up task when children were 2 years of age. Sensitivity‐by‐OXTR interactions suggested two diathesis‐stress patterns, predicting compliance for the GG genotype group, and predicting physiological regulation for the AA/AG genotype group. A main effect for DRD2 genotype indicated that children with an A1 allele displayed less‐compliant behavior in toddlerhood. These results suggest that genetic differences may contribute to variation both in risk for self‐regulatory difficulties, and in relations between maternal sensitivity and children's responses to compliance demands at different levels of analysis.
Fabrication of Amorphous Cu–Co–P Nanofilms on CuCo2O4 Nanoarrays by in Situ Electrochemical Reduction for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zheng Xiangjiang , Zhang Jiayu , Sun Zhaomei , Zhang Zhen , Xi Dongmei
Published: June 2018

We demonstrate an efficient in‐situ method to fabricate amorphous Cu–Co–P nanofilms on CuCo2O4 nanoarrays by cathodic electrochemical reduction. These are used to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. The catalyst needs an overpotential of only 104 mV in 1.0 m KOH when the current density is 20 mA cm–2. More importantly, it has good durability for at least 24 h. This method provides an effective approach to develop a nonprecious metal catalyst for industrial hydrogen evolution.
Carbohydrate‐Appended TQNPEN [N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrakis(2‐quinolylmethyl)‐3‐aza‐1,5‐pentanediamine] Derivatives for Fluorescence Detection of Intracellular Cd2+
Authors: Mikata Yuji , Nozaki Kana , Kaneda Minori , Yasuda Keiko , Aoyama Masato , Tamotsu Satoshi , Matsumoto Arimasa
Published: June 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yuji Mikata from Nara Women's University, Japan. The cover image shows the application of a carbohydrate‐appended polyquinoline ligand as a fluorescent sensor for intracellular Cd2+.
Phenol Derivatives in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C–H Arylation: A General Synthetic Access to Azole‐Based Congested Polyaromatics
Authors: Roger Julien , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: June 2018

Aryl triflates and related phenolates are suitable electrophile coupling partners for the ruthenium‐catalyzed direct arylation of heteroaromatic substrates using azole N‐directed Csp²–H activation. We report herein convenient conditions for the efficient ortho‐C–H functionalization of aryl‐pyrazoles, thiazoles and pyridines in which [RuCl2(p‐Cym)]2 precatalyst is employed with pivalic acid (PivOH) as co‐catalyst. Different phenolate derivatives were successfully coupled, which tolerate a large scope of electron‐rich substituents in para‐, meta‐ and highly hindered ortho‐position. Electron‐withdrawing aryl triflates were found to be less reactive, making the general reactivity of these electrophiles complementary to those of aryl chlorides and deactivated bromides. This cost‐effective ruthenium C–H activation/arylation synthesis of poly(hetero)aromatics was concurrently examined using triflates, mesylates, sulfonates, and carbonates, and was also successfully extended to the use of diethyl carbonate as an eco‐friendly solvent.
Selective Electron Transfer Reduction of Urea‐Type Carbonyls
Authors: Huang Huan‐Ming , Procter David J.
Published: June 2018

Urea‐type carbonyls in barbiturates undergo a highly chemoselective electron transfer reduction upon treatment with SmI2/H2O/LiBr. The process involves the formation, and further reduction, of unusual ketyl‐type radical anions under mild conditions. Cyclic aminal products are obtained in good to excellent yield without recourse to preactivation of the substrate or the use of metal hydride reagents. Furthermore, varying the protic additive used in conjunction with SmI2 allows intermediate hemiaminals to be obtained.
Impact of process conditions on the microbial community dynamics and metabolite production kinetics of teff sourdough fermentations under bakery and laboratory conditions
Authors: Harth Henning , Van Kerrebroeck Simon , De Vuyst Luc
Published: June 2018

Teff and teff sourdoughs are promising ingredients for bread production. Therefore, this study aimed at the characterization of spontaneous and flour‐native starter culture‐initiated teff sourdough productions under bakery and laboratory conditions. Backslopped laboratory and bakery teff sourdough productions were characterized by different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast species, but were both characterized by a pH below 4.0 after five backslopping steps. The sourdough‐associated Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis was isolated for the first time from backslopped spontaneous teff sourdoughs. The autochthonous strain L. sanfranciscensis IMDO 150101 was tested as starter culture during laboratory teff sourdough fermentations. Its prevalence could be related to the process conditions applied, in particular the ambient temperature (below 30°C). Breads made with 20% teff sourdough (on flour basis) displayed interesting features compared with all‐wheat‐based reference breads. Teff sourdoughs were characterized as to their pH evolution, microbial community dynamics, and microbial species composition. Representative strains of the LAB species isolated from these sourdoughs, in particular L. sanfranciscensis, may be selected as starter cultures for the production of stable teff sourdoughs and flavorful breads, provided they are adapted to the environmental conditions applied.
Option‐implied betas and the cross section of stock returns
Authors: Harris Richard D. F. , Li Xuguang , Qiao Fang
Published: June 2018

We investigate the cross‐sectional relationship between stock returns and a number of measures of option‐implied beta. Using portfolio analysis, we show that the method proposed by Buss and Vilkov (2012, The Review of Financial Studies, 2525, 3113–3140) leads to a stronger relationship between implied beta and stock returns than other approaches. However, using the Fama and MacBeth (1973, Journal of Political Economy, 8181, 607–636) cross‐section regression methodology, we show that the relationship is not robust to the inclusion of other firm characteristics. We further show that a similar result holds for implied downside beta. We, therefore, conclude that there is no robust relation between option‐implied beta and returns.
Novel intra‐genic large deletions ofCTNNB1gene identified in WT desmoid‐type fibromatosis
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Urbini Milena , Astolfi Annalisa , Collini Paola , Indio Valentina , Belfiore Antonino , Paielli Nicholas , Perrone Federica , Tarantino Giuseppe , Palassini Elena , Fiore Marco , Pession Andrea , Stacchiotti Silvia , Pantaleo Maria Abbondanza , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: June 2018

A wait and see approach for desmoid tumors (DT) has become part of the routine treatment strategy. However, predictive factors to select the risk of progressive disease are still lacking. A translational project was run in order to identify genomic signatures in patients enrolled within an Italian prospective observational study. Among 12 DT patients (10CTNNB1‐mutated and 2 wild type) enrolled from our institution only two patients (17%) showed a progressive disease. Tumor biopsies were collected for whole exome sequencing. Overall, DT exhibited low somatic sequence mutation rate and no additional recurrent mutation was found. In the two wild type (WT) cases, two novel alterations were detected: a complex deletion ofAPCand a pathogenic mutation ofLAMTOR2. Focusing on WT DT subtype, deep sequencing ofCTNNB1, APCandLAMTOR2was conducted on a retrospective series of 11 WT DT using a targeted approach. No other mutation ofLAMTOR2was detected, whileAPCwas mutated in two cases. Low‐frequency (mean reads of 16%)CTNNB1mutations were discovered in five samples (45%) and two novel intra‐genic deletions inCTNNB1were detected in two cases. Both deletions and low frequency mutations ofCTNNB1were highly expressed. In conclusion, a minority of DT is WT for eitherCTNNB1, APCor any other gene involved in the WNT pathway. In this subgroup novel and hard to be detected molecular alterations inAPCandCTNNB1were discovered, contributing to explain a portion of the allegedly WT DT cases.
Nuclear receptors and liver disease: Summary of the 2017 basic research symposium
Authors: Tran Melanie , Liu Yanjun , Huang Wendong , Wang Li
Published: June 2018

The nuclear receptor superfamily contains important transcriptional regulators that play pleiotropic roles in cell differentiation, development, proliferation, and metabolic processes to govern liver physiology and pathology. Many nuclear receptors are ligand‐activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of their target genes by modulating transcriptional activities and epigenetic changes. Additionally, the protein complex associated with nuclear receptors consists of a multitude of coregulators, corepressors, and noncoding RNAs. Therefore, acquiring new information on nuclear receptors may provide invaluable insight into novel therapies and shed light on new interventions to reduce the burden and incidence of liver diseases. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:765‐777)
Narratives About Specific Romantic Conflicts: Gender and Associations With Conflict Beliefs and Strategies
Authors: Feiring Candice , Simon Valerie A. , Markus Jessica
Published: June 2018

Using a sample of 145 predominantly heterosexual emerging adults, the authors examined constructive and destructive interpretations of romantic conflict via narratives and studied how gender affected conflict interpretations and relationship functioning. Destructive interpretations were related to negative conflict beliefs for women and dating aggression for men. Across gender, constructive interpretations were related to more problem solving but were more strongly related to less aggression for men. Understanding conflict interpretations through narratives may enhance relationships skills training for emerging adults.
Self‐Regulatory Growth Effects for Young Children Participating in a Combined Social and Emotional Learning and Mindfulness‐Based Intervention
Authors: Lemberger‐Truelove Matthew E. , Carbonneau Kira J. , Atencio David J. , Zieher Almut K. , Palacios Alfredo F.
Published: June 2018

The authors analyzed findings from a counselor‐delivered social and emotional learning and mindfulness‐based intervention with twenty‐three 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Using a multilevel modeling approach to illustrate students' growth across multiple behavioral observations in a randomized controlled design, the authors found that the treatment group exhibited more self‐regulatory‐related behaviors on days when the intervention occurred. Qualitative analyses revealed that the students adopted kindness language consistent with the intervention. Implications for practice are suggested.
Facilitating Mental Health Support for LGBT Forced Migrants: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Kahn Sarilee , Alessi Edward J. , Kim Hanna , Woolner Leah , Olivieri Christina J.
Published: June 2018

Evidence suggests that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals who flee their countries of origin may arrive in host countries with persecution‐related mental health problems. This qualitative study explored facilitators and barriers to mental health care in Canada for forced migrants who are LGBT through the perspectives of 22 service providers and 7 migrants. Using thematic analysis, the authors identified 4 themes: recognizing stigma and shame, accessing competent mental health providers, managing distress/manifesting resilience, and healing through community connections. The authors discuss implications for counseling.
Systematic Review of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test
Authors: Minnich Amelia , Erford Bradley T. , Bardhoshi Gerta , Atalay Zümra
Published: June 2018

The psychometric properties of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), a commonly used self‐report screening instrument for symptom identification of problematic drinking and alcoholism, were explored. A total of 103 studies meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed and analyzed. Results for reliability, validity, and nonclinical descriptive statistics for the MAST are reported. The authors discuss implications for counseling practice and research.
Designing B‐ and T‐cell multi‐epitope based subunit vaccine using immunoinformatics approach to control Zika virus infection
Authors: Kumar Pandey Rajan , Ojha Rupal , Mishra Amit , Kumar Prajapati Vijay
Published: June 2018

The Zika virus is a rapidly spreading Aedes mosquito‐borne sickness, which creates an unanticipated linkage birth deformity and neurological turmoil. This study represents the use of the combinatorial immunoinformatics approach to develop a multiepitope subunit vaccine using the structural and nonstructural proteins of the Zika virus. The designed subunit vaccine consists of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte and helper T‐lymphocyte epitopes accompanied by suitable adjuvant and linkers. The presence of humoral immune response specific B‐cell epitopes was also confirmed by B‐cell epitope mapping among vaccine protein. Further, the vaccine protein was characterized for its allergenicity, antigenicity, and physiochemical parameters and found to be safe and immunogenic. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of the vaccine protein with the toll‐like receptor‐3 were performed to ensure the binding affinity and stability of their complex. Finally, in silico cloning was performed for the effective expression of vaccine construct in the microbial system (Escherichia coli K12 strain). Aforementioned approaches result in the multiepitope subunit vaccine which may have the ability to induce cellular as well as humoral immune response. Moreover, this study needs the experimental validation to prove the immunogenic and protective behavior of the developed subunit vaccine.
Enhancing group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder with between‐session Internet‐based clinician support: A feasibility study
Authors: Ivanov Volen Z. , Enander Jesper , Mataix‐Cols David , Serlachius Eva , Månsson Kristoffer N.T. , Andersson Gerhard , Flygare Oskar , Tolin David , Rück Christian
Published: June 2018

Objective

Hoarding disorder (HD) is difficult to treat. In an effort to increase efficacy and engagement in cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT), we developed and evaluated a novel intervention comprising group CBT combined with between‐session Internet‐based clinician support for people with HD.

Method

Twenty participants with HD received group CBT combined with an Internet‐support system enabling therapist–participant communication between group sessions.

Results

The treatment was associated with a significant reduction on the Saving Inventory—Revised (SI‐R) and a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.57) was found at posttreatment. Treatment gains were maintained at the 3‐month follow‐up. Group attendance was high and no participants dropped out from treatment prematurely. Between‐session motivational support from the therapist was most frequently mentioned as the main strength of the system.

Conclusion

The results of this study support adding Internet‐based clinician support to group CBT for HD to increase treatment adherence and, potentially, improve the overall efficacy of CBT.
Exposure‐Response Modeling Analyses for Sirukumab, a Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Interleukin 6, in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Xu Yan , Hu Chuanpu , Zhuang Yanli , Hsu Benjamin , Xu Zhenhua , Sharma Amarnath , Zhou Honghui
Published: June 2018

To characterize the dose‐exposure–response relationship of sirukumab, an anti–interleukin 6 human monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we conducted exposure‐response (E‐R) modeling analyses based on data from two pivotal phase 3 placebo‐controlled trials of sirukumab in patients with RA who were inadequate responders to nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs or anti‐tumor necrosis factor α agents. A total of 2176 patients were included for the analyses and received subcutaneous administration of either placebo or sirukumab 50 mg every 4 weeks or 100 mg every 2 weeks. The clinical endpoints were 20%, 50%, and 70% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology response criteria (ie, ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70), and 28‐joint Disease Activity Index Score (DAS28) using C‐reactive protein. To provide a thorough assessment of the sirukumab E‐R relationship, 2 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling approaches were implemented, including joint longitudinal modeling (ie, indirect response modeling of the time course of the 2 clinical endpoints) and landmark analyses (ie, direct linking of selected pharmacokinetic parameters to response at week 16 or 24). Results from both modeling analyses were generally consistent, and collectively suggested that the sirukumab subcutaneous dose of 50 mg every 4 weeks would produce near‐maximal efficacy. No covariates identified in the E‐R modeling analyses would have a significant impact on dose‐response. Despite body weight and comorbid diabetes having significant effect on sirukumab exposure, simulations suggested that their effect on efficacy was small. Our work provides a comprehensive evaluation of sirukumab E‐R to support dose recommendations in patients with RA.
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Propylene‐tethered Gatifloxacin‐isatin Hybrids
Authors: Guo Hua
Published: June 2018

A series of novel mono‐/bis‐isatin‐gatifloxacin hybrids 3a–f and 4a–f tethered through propylene were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against representative Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens. The results indicated that all mono‐isatin‐gatifloxacin hybrids exhibited considerable antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.06 to 4 μg/mL against the majority of the tested strains. In particular, the mono‐isatin‐gatifloxacin hybrid 3b was found as potent as the parent gatifloxacin against Gram‐positive organisms and could act as a starting point for further optimization.
Efficient Generation of Microwave Plasmonic Vortices via a Single Deep‐Subwavelength Meta‐Particle
Authors: Su Hai , Shen Xiaopeng , Su Guangxu , Li Lin , Ding Jianping , Liu Fanxin , Zhan Peng , Liu Yongmin , Wang Zhenlin
Published: June 2018

Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the form of optical vortices have attracted great interest due to their capability for providing a new dimension and approach to manipulate light–matter interactions. Recently, plasmonics has offered efficient ways to focus vortex beams beyond the diffraction limit. However, unlike in the visible and near‐infrared regime, it is still a big challenge to realize plasmonic vortices at far‐infrared and even longer wavelengths. An effective strategy to create deep‐subwavelength near‐field electromagnetic (EM) vortices operating in the low frequency region is proposed. Taking advantage of the asymmetric spatial distribution of EM field supported by a metallic comb‐shaped waveguide, plasmonic vortex modes that are strongly confined in a well‐designed deep‐subwavelength meta‐particle with desired topological charges can be excited. Such unique phenomena are confirmed by the microwave experiments. An equivalent physical model backed up by the numerical simulations is performed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the plasmonic vortex generation. This spoof‐plasmon assisted focusing of EM waves with OAM may find potentials for functional integrated elements and devices operating in the microwave, terahertz, and even far‐infrared regions.
Thermoresponsive Polyurethane Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) as Side Chain Without Polyol at Polymer Backbone Achieved Excellent Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Switching
Authors: Aoki Daisuke , Ajiro Hiroharu
Published: June 2018

In order to prepare thermoresponsive polyurethane gels, a novel polyurethane bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) as the side chain is successfully synthesized with hexamethylene diisocyanate and OEG tartrate ester. The aqueous solution of the polyurethane shows sharp and clear lower critical solution temperature behavior at 34 °C. Furthermore, a hydrogel based on the same polyurethane is also successfully prepared using glycerol as the crosslinker. This polyurethane hydrogel including 10 mol% of glycerol presents a large swelling ratio change between 4 °C and 37 °C from 250% to 40%.
Light‐Induced RAFT Single Unit Monomer Insertion in Aqueous Solution—Toward Sequence‐Controlled Polymers
Authors: Aerts Annelore , Lewis Reece W. , Zhou Yanyan , Malic Nino , Moad Graeme , Postma Almar
Published: June 2018

First report on the sequential, visible light‐initiated, single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAm) into the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, 4‐((((2‐carboxyethyl)thio)carbonothioyl)thio)‐4‐cyanopentanoic acid (CTA1), in aqueous solution is provided. The specificity for SUMI over formation of higher oligomers and/or RAFT agent‐derived by‐products is higher for longer irradiation wavelengths. Red light provides the cleanest product (selective SUMI), showing a linear pseudo‐first order kinetic profile to high (>80%) conversion, but also the slowest reaction rate. Blue light provides a relatively rapid reaction, but also gives some by‐products (<2%) and the kinetic profile displays a conversion plateau at >65% conversion. Higher specificity with red light is attributed to CTA1 absorbing at longer wavelengths than the SUMI product, which allows selective excitation of CTA1. The use of a higher reaction temperature (65 °C vs ambient) results in a higher reaction rate and a reduction in oligomer formation.