bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapeamento e descrição de características de repositórios multidisciplinares de dados científicos abertos
Authors: Lucas Elaine Rosangela de Oliveira , Picalho Antonio Carlos , Caitano Vitória Maria Hartmann
Published: December 2021

O compartilhamento de dados científicos possibilita acelerar a construção de novos conhecimentos, aumentando a eficiência dos recursos, ampliando as possibilidades de reuso e de reprodutibilidade de pesquisas. Com a finalidade de apresentar um conjunto de informações com características de repositórios de dados científicos abertos, definiu-se como objetivo para este estudo caracterizar e mapear os repositórios de dados científicos abertos como alternativa para a tomada de decisão institucional no campo da gestão de dados científicos.  Realizou-se um estudo exploratório-descritivo, qualitativo e, com relação aos procedimentos técnicos, um levantamento bibliográfico-documental, em que foram analisados seis repositórios de dados científicos abertos: DANS, DataHub, Harvard-Dataverse, Dryad, Figshare e Zenodo. A partir de informações coletadas dos sites oficiais de cada um desses repositórios entre abril e maio de 2021, foram observadas características referentes às seguintes categorias de análise: fundação e responsabilidade pelo mantenimento do repositório; idiomas da plataforma e dos datasets aceitos, mídias sociais e possibilidade de compartilhamento direto de conteúdo; tipos e formatos de arquivos aceitos, limites de uso, curadoria de conteúdo; identificadores persistentes de conteúdo, de autores e informações acerca de financiamento de pesquisa; controle de versões; métricas de uso; integração com outros aplicativos e custos. A análise dos sites dos repositórios gerou um quadro, disponibilizado no repositório Zenodo, com a descrição dos dados de cada repositório a partir das categorias. Com os resultados apresentados pretende-se auxiliar os pesquisadores na sua escolha por um repositório de dados científicos abertos que permita o compartilhamento dos dados da pesquisa.
CICLO Y PARÁMETROS BIOLÓGICOS DE Clitostethus arcuatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), DEPREDADOR DE MOSCA BLANCA, Siphoninus phillyreae, EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO
Authors: Churata Salcedo Julissa M. , Mamani Mamani Juan G.
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el ciclo, parámetros biológicos y descripción morfológica de Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi), depredador de Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday). Para la obtención de presas, se infestaron plantones de olivo con S. phillyreae colectado de olivares en Tacna. En el laboratorio, los diferentes estados de desarrollo de C. arcuatus fueron recuperados de los mismos olivares, se confinaron en una jaula de crianza para obtener adultos de la misma edad, los cuales fueron emparejados en unidades de crianza (UC), y colocados en una estufa con aire circulante a 24,2 ± 0,8°C y 36,0 ± 5,9% HR. Diariamente fueron observados hasta su muerte, y a partir de sus posturas se determinó el ciclo de desarrollo que fue de 24 días, de los cuales 3,80; 15,78 y 4,42 días fueron para los estados de huevo, larva y pupa respectivamente. El ciclo biológico de C. arcuatus fue de 77,02 días. La capacidad de oviposición 136,35 huevos/hembra; viabilidad de huevos de 71,43%; mortalidad de larvas 36,25%; capacidad de depredación de LI 3,8 huevos/día, LII 5 huevos/día; LIII 8,2 y 3,6 huevos y ninfas/día respectivamente, LIV 11,4 y 3,4 huevos y ninfas/día respectivamente, adultos 9,8; 4,6 y 1,4 huevos, ninfas y adultos/día respectivamente; proporción sexual 0,59 y la longevidad de 53,02 días.
INFLUENCIA DEL ACOLCHADO DE PLÁSTICO DE COLOR Y MANTA TÉRMICA EN SANDÍA CV. ‘SANTA AMELIA’ (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.)
Authors: Solis-Rosas Diaz Luis F.
Published: December 2021

El alcance del estudio se basó en analizar la productividad, calidad y precocidad del cultivo de sandía cv. ‘Santa Amelia’. El estudio se realizó en la costa central usando acolchado de polipropileno de diferentes tonalidades utilizando la manta térmica en ciertos tratamientos. Se estudió ocho tratamientos, acolchados de color blanco, negro y trasparente, en combinación con manta térmica, manta térmica sola y testigo. Se empleó el Diseño de Bloques Completamente Randomizado. Los resultados mostraron en una producción superior al usarse solamente acolchados y acolchados más manta térmica: Acolchado negro más manta térmica con 81,37; acolchado blanco con 75,95; acolchado trasparente 74,53 y acolchado negro 74,45 T*ha respectivamente muy superiores al testigo con 45,27 Tn*ha. Con respecto a la precocidad de la cosecha el tratamiento con acolchado negro en su primera cosecha logró el 34,75 %, resultado similar al a los que se les aplicó acolchado solo y en combinación con manta térmica, superando al tratamiento con solo manta térmica con 17,38% y testigo con 5,1% respectivamente. Respecto al factor del fruto largo sobre ancho, siendo el fruto más largo cuando el factor es mayor, los acolchados combinados con manta térmica obtuvieron el primer lugar estadísticamente que son el acolchado negro, blanco y trasparente en combinación con manta térmica con resultado de 1,36; 1,34 y 1,31 respectivamente. El uso de acolchado y manta térmica elevó la producción, calidad y concentración de cosecha por la elevación de la temperatura interna del suelo.
MASCULINIZACIÓN DE ALEVINOS DE TILAPIA DEL NILO (Oreochromis niloticus) CON EL INHIBIDOR DE AROMATASA LETROZOL
Authors: Vega Galarza Elsa , Sandoval Chaupe Nieves , Angeles Escobar Beatriz Elena
Published: December 2021

Se presentan los resultados de dos experimentos para la masculinización de alevinos de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) con un inhibidor de aromatasa, letrozol, administrado en el alimento. En el primer experimento se evaluó el efecto sobre el crecimiento, la supervivencia y el porcentaje de masculinización de peces no diferenciados sexualmente, sometidos a dosis de letrozol de 50 (T1), 100 (T2) y 200 (T3) mg kg-1 en el alimento durante cuatro semanas. Un control negativo (C0) recibió alimento sin letrozol y un control positivo (C) recibió alimento con 60 mg kg-1 de 17 α metiltestosterona (MT). No hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos y controles en el crecimiento (en longitud y peso) y la supervivencia. Los porcentajes de masculinización fueron 90%, 100% y 93%. en T1, T2 y T3 respectivamente sin diferencias significativas. La masculinización en el grupo C fue 66% y en el grupo C0 fue 45%, mostrando diferencias significativas entre sí y también respecto a los 3 tratamientos con letrozol. Se encontró 3% de hembras en T1 y 7% de peces con gónadas intersexo tanto en T1 como en T3. En el segundo experimento, se suministró una dosis de 50 mg kg-1 de letrozol durante dos semanas (2S) y tres semanas (3S). Los resultados dieron 73% de machos para 2S y 82% para 3S con diferencias significativas. Se concluyó que el letrozol en dosis entre 50 y 200 mg kg-1 logró más del 90% de machos en 4 semanas sin afectar la supervivencia y el crecimiento.
RIESGO EN LA AGRICULTURA: EL CASO DE LA PAPA (Solanum tuberosum) EN AYACUCHO Y LIMA
Authors: Gómez Oscorima Raquel , Diez Matallana Ramón , Anderson-Seminario María , López García Pether
Published: December 2021

La producción agrícola es muy riesgosa, especialmente en el caso de la papa, y el riesgo es diferenciado entre la Costa y la Sierra. En la Costa, Lima muestra altos rendimientos por hectárea mientras que, en la Sierra, Ayacucho muestra bajos rendimientos. Con el objetivo de comparar los niveles de riesgo en los productores de papa blanca en las regiones de Ayacucho y Lima, y la incidencia de las variables probabilísticas (precio en chacra, rendimiento por hectárea, costos de fertilizantes, semillas, pesticidas) en el margen bruto de beneficio económico por hectárea, se efectúa una simulación estocástica de Montecarlo, con el software @Risk. Se sometió a prueba la hipótesis de que Ayacucho presentaría mayores niveles de riesgo que Lima. Se encontró que Lima tiene 65,5% de escenarios de margen bruto positivo y Ayacucho sólo 1,6%. Las principales fuentes de riesgo en la producción de papa blanca, son el precio en chacra y los rendimientos por hectárea. La variación del margen bruto por hectárea por incrementos en el precio en chacra de un 10% es de 6,6% para Ayacucho y de 9,1% para Lima. En el caso de los rendimientos un incremento de 10% en rendimiento eleva el margen en 4,6% en Ayacucho, mientras en Lima, sólo 3,3%. Se concluye que debe incrementarse los rendimientos en Ayacucho para mejorar los beneficios.
MÉTODOS ALTERNATIVOS ANTE LA VIOLACIÓN DE SUPUESTOS EN DISEÑOS DE EXPERIMENTOS FACTORIALES
Authors: Meza Rodríguez Aldo Richard
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar y probar diferentes métodos y alternativas para abordar diseños factoriales con efectos fijos, cuando no se cumplen los supuestos de normalidad u homogeneidad de varianzas. Se describió y probó 20 métodos investigados en la literatura como alternativa al ANOVA (análisis de varianza) clásico, incluyendo técnicas no paramétricas, métodos robustos, permutaciones, métodos para varianzas heterogéneas y transformaciones; los cuales están disponibles e implementadas actualmente en el software R. Los métodos fueron probados en un diseño factorial 3A2B, donde el factor A fue variedades de piña (Golden, Cayena Lisa y Hawaiana), el factor B tipo de manejo del cultivo (convencional y orgánico), y la variable de respuesta el porcentaje promedio de grados brix. Entre los métodos propuestos, 15 rechazaron la hipótesis de la interacción, y al comparar las tasas de error tipo I mediante simulaciones se encontró que los métodos de permutaciones, los métodos robustos, el ART, van der Waerder y el BDM arrojaron tasas de error por debajo del valor nominal. Al seleccionar el ART como alternativa para realizar la prueba post hoc, las mejores combinaciones de tratamientos fueron la variedad Lisa Cayena en el manejo orgánico y la variedad Hawaiana en el manejo convencional, obteniendo con estas combinaciones porcentajes de grados brix por encima de la media.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Benzothiazole and its Derivatives
Authors: Qadir Tanzeela , Amin Andleeb , Salhotra Alka , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Jeelani Ishtiaq , Abe Hitoshi
Published: December 2021

Benzothiazoles have recognized pharmacophores in the field of research, predominantly in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, on account of their significant pharmaceutical properties. This important class of derivatives endows an extensive range of biological activities like anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antituberculosis, enzyme inhibitors, etc. Hence, various methodologies have been accomplished to synthesize benzothiazole compounds considering the purity, yield, and selectivity of the products. This review provides different reaction methods that are involved in the synthesis of a variety of benzothiazole derivatives.
Recent Advances in the Application of Barbituric Acid Derivatives in Multicomponent
Reactions
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Khademi Mahdieh , Mohajer Fatemeh , Yadav Sangeeta , Tomar Ravi
Published: December 2021

Barbituric acid is a pyrimidine heterocyclic organic compound, which is pharmacologically
active. It is important to build structures containing various medicinal activities. This
compound attracts the scientific research community in organic synthesis. It can be used in the
synthesis of polyheterocyclic, natural, medicinal compounds, and organic sensors. Herein, the
utilization of barbituric or thiobarbituric acid in multicomponent reactions is reported from
2016-2021 in this manuscript.
Plumbagin: A Potential Candidate for Future Research and Development
Authors: Thakor Niyatee , Janathia Bhavyata
Published: December 2021

Plumbagin has gained a lot of attention in research due to its various therapeutic actions. It is
a secondary metabolite obtained from different plant families, such as Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae,
and Ebenceae. Various studies on plumbagin have revealed that it is a natural gift for mankind in treating
chronic diseases, like cancer, diabetes, malaria, bacterial infection, and controlling cardiovascular
disease. However, there are several challenges in developing plumbagin as a therapeutic agent. The first
and foremost is its limited solubility and oral bioavailability. The second limitation is its toxicity. Plumbagin
has a narrow therapeutic window, and literature reveals that the compound has moderate toxicity
in animals. However, data are insufficient to prove that plumbagin is unsafe for humans. Despite the
many therapeutic benefits of plumbagin, it remains unexploited for mankind. Thus, a systematic review
of its toxicity, pharmacology, and safety is required to be performed. This review work signifies the
depth of therapeutic applications proven via research, its different modes of isolation and separation of
chemical constituents, and its modification. A thorough review of promising therapeutic targets via
docking studies is also presented. Different methods used to quantify plumbagin from the plant are reviewed.
An overview of attempts to design novel formulations which could enhance its bioavailability
is also presented. The review paper will help the scientist to exploit the drug to its optimum, which will
help to overcome the challenges faced during its design and developmental stages.
Metabolomics of Meat Color: Practical Implications
Authors: Ramanathan Ranjith , Denzer Morgan L. , Kiyimba Frank , Mafi Gretchen G.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Meat is biochemically active. Various pre-and post-harvest processes affect
meat quality. Metabolomics is a valuable tool to elucidate metabolite changes in meat. The overall
goal of this mini-review was to provide an overview of various techniques, data analysis, and application
of metabolomics in meat color research.

Results:

Both targeted and non-targeted approaches are used to determine metabolite profiles in
meat. Researchers use gas-, liquid-chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance platforms to
separate molecules. Metabolomics is used to characterize muscle-specific differences in color stability,
meat tenderness, the impact of aging on meat color, and to determine metabolite profile differences
between normal-pH and dark-cutting beef. Color stable muscles have more glycolytic
metabolites than color labile muscles.

Conclusion:

The use of metabolomics has greatly enhanced our understanding of metabolites' role
in meat quality. There is a need for multiple databases to obtain comprehensive metabolite libraries
specific to food. Metabolomics in combination with wet-laboratory techniques can provide novel
insights on the relationship between postmortem metabolism and meat color.
Clinical Value of COVID-19 Chest Radiography and High-Resolution CT
Examination
Authors: Wang Dan , Shang Yalei , Chen Yuehua , Xia Jianguo , Tian Weizhong , Zhang Tao , Dai Hui , Li Yonggang
Published: December 2021

Background:

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia remains a matter
of concern. Chest CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia have been reported widely, while there is
relatively rare research on chest X-ray (CXR).

Objective:

The study was aimed to compare the CXR and chest CT findings of patients with confirmed
COVID-19 infection and to explore their respective clinical values.

Methods:

28 inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent both CXR and CT were included.
The pulmonary manifestations of the lesions were recorded. Ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation,
and fibrosis were quantified in CXR and chest CT separately. Consistency was analyzed
using Fleiss' kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient. The stages of the disease in CXR and chest
CT were evaluated.

Results:

Approximately 67.9% (19/28) of subjects had abnormal findings on CXR. The common
manifestations in CXR were ground-glass opacities (GGO) (100%, 19/19) and consolidation
(68.4%, 13/19). 92.9% (26/28) of patients had abnormal manifestations on CT. The common manifestations
in CT were GGO (88.5%, 23/26), consolidation (69.2%, 18/26), reticular opacity
(69.2%, 18/26) and nodule (46.2%, 12/26). Among the abnormalities between CXR and CT, only
consolidation was consistent (κ=0.510). GGO (ICC=0.501) and consolidation (ICC=0.431) scores
were consistent in CXR and chest CT. The results of staging were the same in 14 cases, most of
them were in stage I and stage II. While in other cases with inconsistent results, CT was more advanced
in the disease stage than CXR, mainly stage III and stage IV.

Conclusion:

CXR is helpful to observe the change of the pulmonary lesions in patients with confirmed
COVID-19 pneumonia. CT can be used for early diagnosis and staging of lesions.
Chemopreventive Role of Phytoconstituents in Breast Cancer: An Integration Therapy
Authors: Bhatt Priya , Patel Mehul , Thakkar Aashka , Shah Umang , Patel Ashish , Solanki Nilay , Patel Swayamprakash , Patel Sandip
Published: December 2021

As we enter into the era of modern medicine, breast cancer remains a significant public
health concern that has a noteworthy global impact in developed and developing countries. The
modern era has seen an increase in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer
progression, leading to many anticancer drugs. The practice of curing certain diseases with the help
of plant-derived compounds was one of the traditional methods. Phytochemicals and derivatives
present in plants have shown a promising effect for improving efficiency in the treatment of cancer
patients and reducing adverse reactions such as integration therapy with chemotherapeutic agents.
The primary objective of this review is to compile ongoing research, preclinical studies, and clinical
trials of some of the important phytochemicals. In recent years, increasing evidence from preclinical
and clinical studies suggests that phytochemicals can favorably modulate several signaling
pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Furthermore, phytoconstituents or plant-
derived compounds show synergistic action against breast cancer when integrated with chemotherapy.
Thus, the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring phytochemicals is of great interest
as a part of integration therapy in cancer care. This review focuses on phytochemicals from quinones,
terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, steroidal lactones, and glycosides classes that help treat
breast cancer. In addition, the phytochemicals act by various pharmacological mechanisms like carcinogen
inactivation, inhibiting proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Collectively, detailed
information about specific classes of phytoconstituents along with their mechanism of action is
mentioned in this review.
Contribution of Organic Bee Pollen to the Determination of Botanical Origin of Honey and its Impact on its Biological Properties
Authors: Amessis-Ouchemoukh Nadia , Otmani Amar , Mouhoubi-Tafinine Zina , Tighlit Kenza , Redouan Ibtissam , Terrab Anass , Ouchemoukh Salim
Published: December 2021

Background:

Honey is a sweet and flavorful natural product that comes from a lot of nectar of medicinal plants.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the botanical origin, physicochemical parameters, antioxidant contents, and antibacterial activities of Algerian honey.

Method:

The physicochemical parameters of the honey analyzed were measured using the methods established by the European Honey Commission. The antioxidant contents were determined using colorimetric assays, and the antioxidant activities were estimated using reducing power, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Antibacterial activities were measured using sensitivity testing and minimal inhibitory concentration.

Results:

The majority of the samples analyzed were monofloral honey (Fabaceae), and other medicinal plant pollens were identified as minor and very minor pollen (Asteraceae, Tiliaceae, Myrtaceae, and Apiaceae). The physicochemical parameters of the honey were in accordance with the legislation, and the analyses of proline and HMF confirmed their authenticity. The content of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids ranged from 26 to 159 mg GAE/100 g and 10 to 43 mg EC/100 g, respectively. The analyzed samples of honey showed variable antioxidant activities that differed from one honey to another, and antibacterial activity tests showed that S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were the most sensitive strains with inhibition zones of 24 to 28 mm and 8 to 35 mm in diameter, respectively. Very high correlations were observed between color, antioxidants, and antioxidant activities.

Conclusion:

This study confirmed the powerful properties of honey to trap free radicals and inhibit bacterial growth, thus it could be used as a therapeutic agent.
Elegant, Flexible Vesicular Nanocarriers for the Efficient Skin Delivery of
Topically Applied Drugs
Authors: Albalawi Waleed , Alharbi Surur , Alanazi Fahad , Alahmadi Hameed , Alghamdi Mothib , Soliman Ghareb M. , Safwat Mohamed A.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Skin diseases represent a major health concern worldwide and negatively
impact patients’ quality of life. Despite the availability of various efficacious drugs, their therapeutic
outcome is often limited due to shortcomings related to the formidable skin barrier and unfavorable
physicochemical properties of drugs. Flexible nano-vesicles have shown tremendous potential to
overcome these hurdles and improve the local therapeutic effect of these drugs.

Objective:

This review article is aimed to shed light on flexible nano-vesicular carriers as a means to
combat skin diseases.

Methods:

The literature was reviewed using PubMed database using various keywords such as liposomes,
flexible (deformable liposomes) (transferosomes), ethosomes, transethosomes, niosomes, and
spanlastics.

Results:

Liposomes and niosomes were found effective for the loading and release of both hydrophilic
and lipophilic drugs. However, their limited skin penetration led to drug delivery to the
outermost layers of skin only. This necessitates the search for innovative vesicular carriers, including
liposomes, flexible (deformable liposomes), ethosomes, transethosomes, and spanlastics. These
flexible nano-vesicular carriers showed enhanced drug delivery and deposition across various skin
layers, which was better than their corresponding conventional vesicles. This resulted in superior
drug efficacy against various skin diseases such as skin cancer, inflammatory skin diseases, superficial
fungal infections, etc.

Conclusion:

Flexible nano-vesicular carriers have proven themselves as efficient drug delivery systems
that are able to deliver their cargo into the deep skin layers and thus, improve the therapeutic
outcome of various skin diseases. However, there remain some challenges that need to be addressed
before these nanocarriers can be translated from the lab to clinics.
Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and their Promise as
Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases and Injuries
Authors: Huang Lingyi , Zheng Zizhuo , Bai Ding , Han Xianglong
Published: December 2021

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are relatively easy to isolate
from exfoliated deciduous teeth, which are obtained via dental therapy as biological waste. SHEDs
originate from the embryonic neural crest, and therefore, have considerable potential for neurogenic
differentiation. Currently, an increasing amount of research is focused on the therapeutic applications
of SHEDs in neurological diseases and injuries. In this article, we summarize the biological
characteristics of SHEDs and the potential role of SHEDs and their derivatives, including conditioned
medium from SHEDs and the exosomes they secrete, in the prevention and treatment of neurological
diseases and injuries.
Feedstock: A Solution to Energy and Environment Sustainability
Authors: Shah Kinjal J. , Tripathi Satyendra , Hussain Touseef , You Zhaoyang
Published: December 2021

Background:

Scarcity of resources, energy crisis, environmental pollution and climate
change are the central challenges that people will have to face in the years to come. Nowadays, agricultural,
food and industrial wastes are generated in large quantities, which poses a serious problem
in their management and disposal.

Objective:

Feedstocks play a vital role in solving energy and environmental problems. All renewable,
biological substances that are used directly as fuel or converted into another form of energy or
fuel products are referred to as feedstocks. Biomass is also a clean and renewable feedstock option;
it can also be an excellent alternative to conventional fuels.

Method:

Renewable fuels are cleaner than traditional coal and petroleum, which reduce air pollution
and greenhouse gas emissions. Various methods could be used to achieve sustainable development
methods that can not only lead to better waste management but also generate industrially important
materials, chemicals, fuels and valuable end products from waste.

Results:

This review provides an overview of the global scenario related to feedstock. In addition,
this paper examines the role of feedstock in solving energy and environmental issues.

Conclusion:

This paper sheds light on the issue of environmental impact in order to achieve overall
sustainability. Finally, the merits of the feedstock technology prospects are addressed.
Messages about the family in the press and media
Authors: Nguyet Nguyen Anh
Published: December 2021

Family is the most solid fulcrum and incomparable peace for every human being. It is always a place full of love to return to, so the message of marriage and family is mentioned often in the media in many different ways. This study explores which topics about marriage-family are mentioned the most, how male and female images appear in the family, specifically: the role in maintaining family happiness is assigned. Who are the perpetrators and causes of domestic violence, and how is the gender division of labor in the family reflected in the media? Through research to overcome and gradually eliminate gender stereotypes in media messages, contribute to promoting gender equality.
Bupleurum turcicum: A Rich Source of Saikosaponin A and D with Potential Use as Adjunct for the Management of Acute Respiratory Diseases: A Meta Review
Authors: Alfheeaid Hani A.
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in unprecedented havoc worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality. Till now, no effective antivirals are at disposal prompting researchers to explore potential lead molecules including from bioactive phytochemicals. An extensive literature search was carried out utilizing online resources; Google Scholar and PubMed to collect published reports on pharmacological potential of saikosaponin particularly in underexplored Bupleurum species. A number of molecular docking studies have reported promising antiviral effects of saikosaponins particularly of saikosaponin A, D, U and V with tremendous potential to be developed as anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy. The search for potential sources of saikosaponin A and D led to the identification of Bupleurum turcicum; an unexplored, underutilized and endemic Bupleurum species. The observation that B. turcicum root extract contains highest amount of SSa and SSd among endemic Bupleurum species found in Turkey (Bupleurum sulphureum, Bupleurum lycaonicum, Bupleurum turcicum, Bupleurum heldreichii, Bupleurum pauciradiatum) and presence of significant amounts of antioxidant compounds led to the proposition of using B. turcicum extracts as adjust therapy in the management of COVID-19. The proposal also relies on the evidence of SSa and SSd being effective against a number of viruses including SARS-CoV. This review discusses phytochemical composition of B. turcicum root, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of saikosaponins in view of its plausible usefulness in the management of COVID-19. B. turcicum is an underutilized species rich in saikosaponin A and D with potential antiviral properties which could be effective alternative therapy in COVID-19 management..
14.4.17Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: Knowledge and Perception of Oral Health Care Providers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aloqayil Nasser Mohammed
Published: December 2021

More than 570,000 new oral cancer cases are diagnosed, and around 300,000 deaths of this dreadful disease take place annually. The most widely recognized reason for morbidity and mortality globally is cancer. Early detection and regular follow up of high-risk patients can curb the mortality and morbidity rate. Dentists play a vital role in the early detection of oral cancer; therefore, assessing their knowledge and practice for early detection of oral cancer is crucial. A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the dentists’ knowledge and practice for the early detection of oral cancer. The study was conducted in the Qassim region among dental interns, general dental practitioners (GPs), specialists, and consultants. The questionnaire consisted of 14 closed-ended questions that contain socio-demographic characters of participants, information regarding the participants’ knowledge, and practice related questions. Data collected and analysed in SPSS software v. 21 and descriptive analysis was done. A total of 159 participants in the study. Regarding the potential risks for oral cancer, 48.4% and 34.6% believed viruses and hereditary. Regarding the high-risk sites for oral cancer, 38.4% of the participants choose soft palate complex, lateral border of the tongue, and floor of the mouth as high-risk sites. The majority of the participants, i.e., 70.4% did not use any adjunctive screening tools. 57.2% feel they do not have sufficient knowledge concerning the early detection of oral cancer. The vast majority, i.e., 87.4% agreed that they need more information and continuing education for the same. Dentists’ comprehension must be reinforced and constantly updated by continuing education programs.
Investigations on Bacterial Load in the Rural and Urban Indoor and Outdoor Environment of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Dixit Prachi
Published: December 2021

Comparative analysis of airborne bacterial load in the rural and urban indoor and outdoor environment is of utmost importance to evaluate the wellbeing hazards linked with co3ntamination of airborne bacteria in the indoor environment. The present study was conducted during December, 2020 to March, 2021 among 50 randomly selected rural and urban (Adupurajagir and Gwalior, respectively) dwellings to determine the indoor and outdoor bacterial load. The mean load of 562.35 CFU/m3 airborne bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of a modular kitchen in Gwalior city. The mean load of 2593.75 CFU/m3 bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of the traditional kitchen in Adupurajagir village. In addition, bacterial load of respectively 1215.13 CFU/m3 and 783.03 CFU/m3 was calculated in the open space at both study sites. Based on morphological characteristics five bacterial species (spp.) were identified Staphylococcus aureus spp, Bacillus spp, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, E-coli spp, and Micrococcus spp. By gram staining method the most common bacteria were gram-positive (+ve) [n=85, 54.48% (37.17% cocci, 17.94% bacilli)] followed by gram-negative (-ve) [n=71, 45.51% (23.07% cocci, 21.79% bacilli)] identified. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed between bacterial load and physical factors of the indoor environment in the rural traditional kitchen. Bacterial load (CFU/m3) showed a significant correlation with temperature (p < 0.001). However, a non-significant correlation was recorded with relative humidity (p > 0.01). High bacterial load was found in the rural traditional kitchen’s indoor environment compared to urban modular kitchen. Outcomes from this study revealed that bioaerosol sampling could deliver fruitful knowledge about the variation of air quality and prevent possible hospital admissions.
Microbial Contamination Analysis of Mobile Phones from certain Users of Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Zobaidul Alam Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Mobile phone is an essential part of everyday life in modern days. Mobile phones act as vehicles for transmitting pathogenic bacteria due to lack of awareness and widespread use. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial contamination of mobile phones of different categories people at Chattogram city, Bangladesh. During the present study, 40 swab samples were collected from the mobile phones of students, businessmen, fishermen, and hospital patients for the isolation, identification of mobile phone associated bacteria, and their antibiogram. In our study, total viable count (TVC) was performed by the pour plate method and total coliform count (TCC) by the most probable number (MPN) method. Besides these, five selective media were used to isolate pathogenic bacteria from mobile phones and then identified. Antibiotic sensitivity assay was performed by disc diffusion method with 10 different antibiotics. Mobile phones of hospital patients (20165 cfu/ml) and students (1578 cfu/ml) showed the highest and lowest TVC respectively. Coliform bacteria were detected from the mobile phones of 100% hospital patients, 90% from both businessmen, and fishermen but only 30% from students. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found the most prevalent bacteria but Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., E. coli, Salmonella sp., Citrobacter sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp., and Enterobacter sp. were also detected. Almost all the isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, rifampin, erythromycin and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin, and tetracycline. Our findings ensure that mobile phones act as an important source of pathogenic organisms for humans and can serve as a vehicle for cross-transmission of microbiota. So, washing hands before and after handling food and also personal hygiene is very important.
Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Aloyouny Ashwag Y
Published: December 2021

Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (CCOC) is a slow-growing, locally invasive odontogenic tumor affecting the jaws. It usually has confusing clinical characteristics, radiographical and histological features, making its recognition more challenging. In (2005), the WHO has reclassified CCOC as a malignant odontogenic tumor due to its aggressive behavior. This case report is about a woman who aged 42 years old, experienced swelling of the lower jaw and complained of paresthesia of the lips for two years. Radiographic findings showed an extensive, large, multilocular radiolucency lesion associated with scalloping, non-sclerotic border, and crossing the midline of the mandible. Histopathologically, the high-power view illustrated lobules of clear epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm. A review of English literature in PubMed Medline revealed few similar cases of CCOC affecting the mandible. The definitive diagnosis was consistent with CCOC; therefore, the patient was admitted to the hospital and surgical resection of the mandibular tumor was performed under general anesthesia. Long-term follow-up visits showed no signs of recurrence or post-surgical complications. We explain the signs and symptoms of CCOC such as symptomatic or asymptomatic jaw swelling, teeth loosening, displacement and mobility of teeth, and thinning of the mandible. Also, differential diagnosis and the nature of CCOC under the microscope were discussed and explained. The presentation of clear cell tumors is challenging, and it needs a meticulous investigation to determine the type of the tumor for proper diagnosis and management. CCOC should be included in the differential diagnosis list of jaw swelling that associated with slow-growing mass and paresthesia in the affected jaw.
In vitro Microrhizome Induction and Essential Oil Production from Aromatic Ginger Kaempferia galanga : An Economically Important Medicinal Herb
Authors: VR Vidya
Published: December 2021

Kaempferia galanga L. or ‘aromatic ginger’ is a stem-less herb in Zingiberaceae having different pharmacological properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial, nemeticidal, vasorelaxant and wound healing activity. The plant is generally a vegetatively propagated annual herb; its conservation using conventional methods takes more time to get sufficient amount of planting materials for commercial cultivation. Micropropagation by in vitro methods helps to overcome the present demand for this high sought medicinal and aromatic species. At present the concern on in vitro propagation is directed to rhizome or storage organ induction for productive acclimatization and to reduce the injury during transportation. Microrhizomes are the small rhizomes developed in in vitro conditions and its induction is an effective biotechnological tool for the production of quality planting materials as they are genetically stable and disease free. The present study is discussing the role of silver nitrate (AgNO3) along with sucrose in in vitro microrhizome induction in K. galanga for the first time. MS medium fortified with 2.0 mgl-1 AgNO3 along with 6% (w/v) sucrose produced maximum amount of microrhizomes i.e., 4.52±0.11 g after 3 months that increased to 5.70±0.20 g in six months of harvesting. Here we also reports the comparative analysis of chemical constituents in the essential oil of in vivo rhizomes and in vitro microrhizome through GC-MS analysis that further reveals the superior characteristics of the microrhizomes in terms of the bioactive components ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate and ethyl cinnamate, the esters that contribute the nematicidal, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and larvicidal properties to the oil. This protocol for in vitro microrhizome induction can be used for the commercial production of rhizomes and essential oil in K. galanga and the outcome of this study can be further used for mass production of pathogen-free microrhizomes and conservation for its sustainable utilization of the species.
Comparative Plasmid-Mediated Molecular Resistance Status of Diarrheic Escherichia coli Isolates from Human and Goat Kids
Authors: Gupta Geetika
Published: December 2021

Globally antibiotic resistance has become a major concern, which warrants the real time monitoring for resistance in very common pathogenic organisms. E. coli is normal micro flora in humans, but sometimes it can be pathogenic. For the observation and increment of antimicrobial resistance among pathogen, E. coli has been one of the important pathogens. It is present everywhere in fecal, water, food etc., if resistant E. coli will present in the environment that it can be transferrable anywhere through water, fecal food, animals and humans. This is very dangerous to living beings. This study was designed on status of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates in human kids and animal kids, both. Newborns are affected more because of poor or lack of immune system. In this study, fecal materials were used as sample material collected from goat kids (0-3 months) and human children (up to 3 years) residing in same local area. Fifteen fecal samples were collected from human children (up to 3 years) and goat kids (0-3 months) in each case to study the risk of transmission of resistance in E. coli isolates. PCR was conducted on genomic DNA isolates for the presence of usp A gene of E. coli. Multiplex PCR were conducted on plasmid DNA isolates for the resistance specific genes. Molecular resistance results in goat kids isolates showed resistance to antibiotics with tetracycline, sulphonamide, gentamycin, streptomycin and cephalothin to the level of 93.33, 53.33, 46.66, 13.33 & 6.66% respectively, whereas, human E. coli isolates were showed the highest resistance to sulphonamide, Tetracycline and β-lactams were as 53.33, 46.66 and 13.33% respectively but no resistance with gentamycin and streptomycin. Here, we concluded that humans and animals both were refractory to the various groups of antibiotics. This study will help in making the strategy for prevention or reduction of resistance in public
Biological Features and Molecular Genetic Structure of Habrobracon hebetor Populations
Authors: Agasyeva Irina
Published: December 2021

One of the promising entomophages capable of controlling the abundance of the codling moth is Habrobracon hebetor Say. Natural populations of the gabrobragon can reduce the number of caterpillars of the corn moth to 22%, the garden moth to 35%, the cotton moth to 45%, and the gamma moth to 30%. This work aims to assess the parasitic activity of the gabrobragon as a regulator of the codling moth abundance in various geographic populations, to select a host insect for its mass breeding in laboratory conditions, and to assess the molecular genetic variability of the structure of H. hebetor populations. The capture of natural populations of the gabrobragon H. hebetor was carried out in apple orchards in Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai of Russia using cassettes in which caterpillars of the codling moth were placed. As a result of the research, the natural starting population of the gabrobragon H. hebetor was captured, and a method for their maintenance and breeding was developed. The most effective host insect is the wax moth (Galleria mellonela L.), which resulted in 195 adults, compared to 98 of the mill moth (Ephestia kuhniella Zell.). The gabrobragon population introduced into the apple tree cenosis continued its reproduction in natural conditions and largely suppressed the number and harmfulness of the codling moth. The RAPD analysis of the Krasnodar and Stavropol populations of Habrobracon hebetor Say revealed a high level of DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity in the studied geographic populations of the gabrobragon. At the same time, intrapopulation variability was 87.1%, while interpopulation variability accounted for 12.9% of the total indicator. The limited gene flow (Nm = 3.298) results in relatively low identity (GI = 0.906) between populations and significant interpopulation variability. This indicates that the analyzed insect samples probably represent different geographic populations of the H. hebetor ectoparasite.
Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Extracted from Marine Actinomycetes
Authors: Alrahimi Jehan
Published: December 2021

Actinomycetes are free-living bacteria that are widely distributed and found in several habitats. These bacteria are essential organism in soil system, they contribute to agroindustry as the origin of active compounds. Their economical and biotechnological importance lies in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites including anticancer, insecticides, and antibiotic agents, such Actinomycetes–derived agents have been commonly used in both medical and industrial fields. Mainly, different Actinomycetes species isolated from coastal habitats are found to be novel sources of antibiotics. Thus, further investigating Actinomycetes will provide a better understanding of the physiological features and chemical composition of marine Actinomycetes. It also enables to use of large synthetic libraries of derived molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites) to develop biological drugs to combat advanced bacterial infections. Actinomycetes can produce more powerful biological compounds of medicinal and economic importance; moreover, it can provide insight into new antibiotics against different types of pathogens that cause infection to humans and support human health by overcoming complications caused by pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance. In particular, Actinomycetes of marine origin are a promising source of biomedical microbial products and natural products with an interesting microbial activity against many other pathogenic causing microorganisms. They are diverse in nature and have unique chemical compositions. During the past years, many new anti-microbial agents were discovered and deemed powerful therapeutic agents. The discovery of bioactive compounds continues to increase. However, the underlying potential of Actinomycetes has yet to be found. Therefore, this work conducts a review of the antimicrobial activity of metabolites extracted from marine Actinomycetes.
C850T Polymorphism in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha gene in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Physiological Genetic Validation
Authors: Nassir Omaima
Published: December 2021

The most common endocrinopathy in women is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Obesity is linked to PCOS and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), which is followed by hyperandrogenism and enhanced insulin resistance. Previous case-control and meta-analysis studies on the TNF-a gene and PCOS women relied heavily on the -C850T polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate the Elisa levels and -C850T (rs1799724) polymorphism in TNF-α gene with PCOS women in the Saudi women. In this case-control study, 50 PCOS patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited, and plasma levels of TNF-α were evaluated using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), and extracted DNA was utilized to explore the -C850T polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The limited and digested PCR products were run on an Agarose gel to test for the -C850T polymorphism. Elevated Elisa levels were found in CT genotype and gene polymorphism studies showed 12% of CT genotypes was documented in PCOS women and 14% in control women. None of the genotypes or allele frequencies were associated with a positive relationship between PCOS women and controls. The CT genotype had higher TNF-α levels than the CC genotype, and the C850T polymorphism was not related with PCOS in women, according to the findings of this study.
Morphometric and Meristic Analysis of Sillaginopsis panijus Along with Seasonal Variation from Rupnarayan River, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mukherjee Monalisa Malik
Published: December 2021

Present study is a first-time report of flathead Sillago, Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822), from Rupnarayan River of West Bengal. Seasonal sampling performed from January 2019- February 2020 by collection of water sample and fish sample in the morning time 5.00 A.M. – 8.00 A.M. A total of 116 specimens of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) were collected from four different sampling stations of Rupnarayan river (22.23°N 88.03°E to 22.40°N 87.36°E), West Bengal, India. Present work is a morphometric and meristic data analysis has been provided in detail. Total 23 morphometric characters and 13 meristic characters were analyzed. Morphological characteristics of the species were present to confirm the occurrence and distribution of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) along the riverine water of Rupnarayan. The physico-chemical parameters of water have been measured such as temperature of water, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity. The statistical analysis of multivariate test with post-Hoc analysis and correlation were established with the abundance of S. panijus (Hamilton, 1822) in relation to water parameters. The result shows the dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and salinity played a most important role in the distribution of S. panijus (Hamilton, 1822). The result shows a statistically significant difference in distribution of fish species, F (12, 8) =18.86, p<0.0005; Wilk’s Λ=0.001, partial η2=0.966. Present study certainly provides the baseline information of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) from the Rupnarayan river of West Bengal, India. This record of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) may assist the fishery scientist, researchers, policy planners and conservationists to develop sustainable fishery management. Therefore, this study was considered as a first step on morphometric characters for its development and documenting the extension of the distribution and ecological changes in its natural habitat which helps to conserve this species abundance in this area and prevent overexploitation.