bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Late Work of Sam Shepard
Authors: Skelton Shannon Blake
Published: November 2020

Hailed by critics during the 1980s as the decade’s ‘Great American Playwright’, Sam Shepard has since continued to produce work in a wide array of media including short prose, films, plays, performances and screenplays. Like Samuel Beckett and Tennessee Williams in their autumnal years, Shepard relentlessly presses the potentialities and possibilities of theatre. This is the first volume to consider Shepard’s later work and career in detail and ranges across his work produced since the late 1980s.

Shepard’s motion picture directorial debut Far North (1988) served as the beginning of a new cycle of work. He returned to the stage with the politically engaged States of Shock (1991) which resembled neither his earlier plays nor his family cycle. With both Far North and States of Shock, Shepard signaled a transition into a phase in which he would experiment in form, subject and media for the next two decades. Skelton's comprehensive study includes consideration of his work in films such as Hamlet (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007) and Brothers (2009); issues of authenticity in the film and screenplay Don’t Come Knocking (2005) and the play Kicking a Dead Horse (2007); of memory and trauma in Simpatico, The Late Henry Moss and When the World was Green, and of masculine and conservative narratives in States of Shock and The God of Hell.
Timbre
Authors: van Elferen Isabella
Published: November 2020

Timbre is among the most important and the most elusive aspects of music. Visceral and immediate in its sonic properties, yet also considered sublime and ineffable, timbre finds itself caught up in metaphors: tone “color”, “wet” acoustics, or in Schoenberg’s words, “the illusory stuff of our dreams.” This multi-disciplinary approach to timbre assesses the acoustic, corporeal, performative, and aesthetic dimensions of tone color in Western music practice and philosophy. It develops a new theorization of timbre and its crucial role in the epistemology of musical materialism through a vital materialist aesthetics in which conventional binaries and dualisms are superseded by a vibrant continuum.

As the aesthetic and epistemological questions foregrounded by timbre are not restricted to isolated periods in music history or individual genres, but have pervaded Western musical aesthetics since early Modernity, the book discusses musical examples taken from both “classical” and “popular” music. These range, in “classical” music, from the Middle Ages through the Baroque, the belcanto opera and electronic music to saturated music; and, in “popular” music, from indie through soul and ballad to dark industrial.
De impact van het Generatiepact Vijf casestudies over ervaringen en gevolgen voor de duurzame inzetbaarheid Tinka van Vuuren
Authors: van Vuuren Tinka , Veth Klaske
Published: November 2020

Zowel de jongere als de oudere medewerkers hebben een moeilijke positie op de arbeidsmarkt. De oudere medewerkers vanwege een steeds langere loopbaan door de hogere pensioenleeftijd. De jongere medewerkers omdat ze vaak flexibele banen moeten accepteren. Voor beide leeftijdsgroepen
staat hun duurzame inzetbaarheid onder druk. Het Generatiepact is een nieuw ontwikkeld cao-instrument dat de kloof wil overbruggen tussen de wensen van jongere en de wensen van oudere medewerkers. In dit artikel bespreken we een onderzoek naar de wijze waarop oudere medewerkers de impact van
het Generatiepact ervaren.
Mesoscale Convective Systems as a source of electromagnetic signals
registered by ground-based system and DEMETER satellite
Authors: Martynski Karol , Blecki Jan , Wronowski Roman , Kulak Andrzej , Mlynarczyk Janusz , Iwanski Rafał
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) are especially visible in the summertime, when there is an advection of warm maritime air from the West. Advection of air masses is enriched by water vapour, which source can be found over the Mediterranean Sea. In propitious atmospheric conditions, thus significant convection, atmospheric instability or strong vertical thermal gradient, lead to the development of strong thunderstorm systems. In this paper we discuss one case of MCS, which generated a significant amount of +CG, -CG and IC discharges. We have focused on the ELF (Extremely Low Frequencies,
The remote response of the South Asian Monsoon to reduced dust
emissions and Sahara greening during the middle Holocene
Authors: Pausata Francesco S. R. , Messori Gabriele , Yun Jayoung , Jalihal Chetankumar A. , Bollasina Massimo A. , Marchitto Thomas M.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Previous studies based on multiple paleoclimate archives suggested a prominent intensification of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM) during the mid-Holocene (MH, ~ 6000 years before present day). The main forcing that contributed to this intensification is related to changes in the Earth’s orbital parameters. However, other key factors likely played important roles, including remote changes in vegetation cover and airborne dust emission. In particular, northern Africa also experienced much wetter conditions and a more mesic landscape than today during the MH (the so-called African Humid Period), leading to a large decrease in airborne dust globally. However, most modelling studies investigating the SAM changes during the Holocene overlooked the potential impacts of the vegetation and dust emission changes that took place over northern Africa. Here, we use a set of simulations for the MH climate, in which vegetation over the Sahara and reduced dust concentrations are considered. Our results show that SAM rainfall is strongly affected by Saharan vegetation and dust concentrations, with a large increase in particular over northwestern India and a lengthening of the monsoon season. We propose that this remote influence is mediated by anomalies in Indian Ocean sea-surface temperatures and may have shaped the evolution of the SAM during the termination of the African Humid Period.
Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean
circulation at the LGM: a model analysis
Authors: Lhardy Fanny , Bouttes Nathaëlle , Roche Didier M. , Crosta Xavier , Waelbroeck Claire , Paillard Didier
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Changes in water mass distribution are considered to be a significant contributor to the atmospheric CO2 concentration drop to around 186 ppm recorded during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Yet simulating a glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in agreement with paleotracer data remains a challenge, with most models from previous Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phases showing a tendency to simulate a strong and deep North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) instead of the shoaling inferred from proxy data. Conversely, the simulated Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is often reduced compared to its pre-industrial volume, and the Atlantic Ocean stratification is underestimated with respect to data. Inadequate representation of surface conditions, driving deep convection around Antarctica, may explain inaccurate simulated bottom water properties in the Southern Ocean. We investigate here the impact of a range of surface conditions in the Southern Ocean, using nine simulations obtained using different modelling choices and/or boundary conditions in the iLOVECLIM model. Based on data-model comparison of key parameters (sea-surface temperatures and sea ice), we find that only simulations with a cold Southern Ocean and a quite extensive sea-ice cover show an improved agreement with proxy data, despite systematic model biases in the seasonal and regional patterns. We then show that the only simulation which does not display a much deeper NADW is obtained by parameterizing the sinking of brines along Antarctica, a modelling choice reducing the open ocean convection in the Southern Ocean. These results highlight the importance of the representation of convection processes, which have a large impact on the water masses properties, while the choice of boundary conditions appears secondary for the model resolution and variables considered in this study.
Overview and update of the SPARC Data Initiative: Comparison of
stratospheric composition measurements from satellite limb
sounders
Authors: Hegglin Michaela I. , Tegtmeier Susann , Anderson John , Bourassa Adam E. , Brohede Samuel , Degenstein Doug , Froidevaux Lucien , Funke Bernd , Gille John , Kasai Yasuko , Kyrölä Erkki , Lumpe Jerry , Murtagh Donal , Neu Jessica L. , Pérot Kristell , Remsberg Ellis , Rozanov Alexey , Toohey Matthew , Urban Joachim , von Clarmann Thomas , Walker Kaley A. , Wang Hsiang-Jui , Arosio Carlo , Damadeo Robert , Fuller Ryan , Lingenfelser Gretchen , McLinden Christopher , Pendlebury Diane , Roth Chris , Ryan Niall J. , Sioris Christopher , Smith Lesley , Weigel Katja
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The SPARC Data Initiative (SPARC, 2017) performed the first comprehensive assessment of currently available stratospheric composition measurements obtained from an international suite of space-based limb sounders. The initiative's main objectives were (1) to assess the state of data availability, (2) to compile vertically resolved, monthly zonal mean trace gas and aerosol climatologies, and (3) to perform a detailed inter-comparison of these climatologies, summarising useful information and highlighting differences among datasets. The vertically-resolved climatologies of 26 different atmospheric constituents extending over the region from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere (300–0.1 hPa) are provided on a common latitude-pressure grid and include most major long-lived trace gases (O3, H2O, N2O, CH4, CCl3F, and CCl2F2), transport tracers (HF, SF6, HCl, CO, HNO3, NOy), and shorter-lived trace gases important to stratospheric chemistry including nitrogens (NO, NO2, NOx, N
Thematic vent opening probability maps and hazard assessment of
small-scale pyroclastic density currents in the San Salvador Volcanic
Complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe Volcanic Complex
(Nicaragua)
Authors: Bevilacqua Andrea , Aravena Alvaro , Neri Augusto , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Escobar Demetrio , Schliz Melida , Aiuppa Alessandro , Cioni Raffaello
Published: November 2020

Abstract. San Salvador Volcanic Complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe Volcanic Complex (Nicaragua) have been characterized by a significant variability in eruption style and vent location. Densely inhabited cities are in their surroundings, including the metropolitan areas of San Salvador (~2.4 M people) and Managua (~1.4 M people), respectively. In this study we present novel vent opening probability maps for these volcanic complexes, which are based on a multi-model approach that relies on kernel density estimators. Our volcanological dataset includes: (1) the location of past vents, (2) the mapping of the main fault structures, and (3) the eruption styles of past events, obtained from the critical analysis of literature and/or inferred from volcanic deposits and morphological features observed remotely and in the field. In particular, we present thematic vent opening maps, i.e. we consider different hazardous phenomena separately, including lava emission, small-scale pyroclastic density currents, ejection of ballistic projectiles, and low-intensity pyroclastic fallout. To illustrate the effects of considering the expected eruption style in the construction of vent opening maps, we focus on the analysis of small-scale pyroclastic density currents derived from phreatomagmatic activity or from low-intensity magmatic volcanism. For the numerical simulation of these phenomena we adopted the recently developed branching energy cone model by using the program ECMapProb. Our results show that the implementation of thematic maps of vent opening can produce significantly different hazard levels from those estimated with traditional, non-thematic, maps.
Interés de una perspectiva contrastiva en lingüística románica: análisis del uso conjetural del futuro en español y en francés
Authors: Azzopardi Sophie
Published: November 2020

Nos proponemos poner de relieve el interés de una perspectiva contrastiva en el área de la lingüística románica. Nos parece particularmente relevante el uso conjetural del futuro (simple y anterior) dado que en español, el uso del futuro es mucho más frecuente y se puede usar con más verbos que en francés para expresar probabilidad. Por eso, se suele decir que el futuro tiene una carga semántica diferente en las dos lenguas: el futuro español sería más epistémico y el francés más temporal. Se dice también que existe una relación temporal fuerte entre futuro y condicional en español que no existiría en francés. Nuestro trabajo enfoca esta problemática en el marco de un sistema adaptado del de Reichenbach y se mostrará que la diferencia de uso del futuro entre el español y el francés no se puede atribuir a su valor en lengua.
Los hispanismos en la obra del poeta siciliano Domenico Tempio
Authors: Monzone Chiel
Published: November 2020

L’idioma siciliano è ricchissimo di prestiti linguistici, eredità del passaggio delle varie popolazioni dominatrici avvenuto nel corso dei secoli. Tra di essi, quelli ispanici. Il saggio intende focalizzare la loro presenza in letteratura attraverso l’esame dell’opera del poeta Domenico Tempio e dimostra il composito ingresso di innumerevoli termini di provenienza iberica.
González Ramírez, David, Hernando de Talavera, Invectivas o reprehensiones contra el médico rudo y parlero (Petrarca, Invective contra medicum), ed. crítica, intr. y notas de Andrea Baldissera, Como/Pavia, Ibis, 2017.
Authors: González Ramírez David
Published: November 2020

Reseña de la obra de Hernando de Talavera, Invectivas o reprehensiones contra el médico rudo y parlero (Petrarca, Invective contra medicum), ed. crítica, intr. y notas de Andrea Baldissera, Como/Pavia, Ibis, 2017.
Comparing Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors between an Indigenous and a Non-indigenous Sample from New Zealand and the United States of America
Authors: Snider Anthony , Luo Shanhong , Schell Theresa , Hill Jeffery
Published: November 2020

While there has been a substantial amount of literature published on environmental beliefs and behaviors, cross-cultural research in this area, particularly comparisons between indigenous vs. non-indigenous people, remains limited. The current study conducted a comparison of the environmental beliefs and behaviors, as well as political attitudes, between an indigenous and a non-indigenous sample of New Zealand and the US (total n=322). Respondents included students at the University of Waikato in New Zealand (Māori and European New Zealanders) and the University of North Carolina Pembroke in the US (Lumbees and non-indigenous Americans). The participants provided responses regarding their ecological worldview, belief in global climate change, and participation in environmentally responsible behaviors as well as their political attitudes, including system justification and political liberalism. Results showed that the New Zealand sample was more politically liberal and demonstrated more environmentally friendly beliefs and behaviors than the US sample. The indigenous group did not differ in their environmental beliefs or behaviors from their non-indigenous counterpart, but did endorse less system justification. Mediation analyses indicated that ecological worldview and belief in global climate change together fully mediated the link between political liberalism and environmentally responsible behavior. Implications of these findings for environmental behavior research and education are discussed.
Integrating Mindfulness and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Therapies to Foster Courage, Confidence, and Resilience
Authors: Lagos Leah M.
Published: November 2020

Field studies and laboratory research have documented that resilient individuals employ positive emotions to reduce their physiological arousal and bounce back from negative experiences. In the present article, we present a protocol for integrating mindfulness and heart rate variability biofeedback to increase an individual's ability to identify as well as access resonance-producing emotions, increase low frequency heart rhythms, and improve cardiovascular recovery from stressful situations. The proposed training approach introduces mindfulness-based strategies to help individuals amplify their abilities to flexibly alter affective as well as physiological responses and match the demands of frequently changing environmental stressors. Participants will learn to develop somatic awareness, connect to physiological experiences, and train the heart to access courage and confidence on demand.
The Quantitative Electroencephalogram and the Use of Normative Databases
Authors: Collura Thomas F.
Published: November 2020

This report describes the scientific, technical, and clinical bases for the use of quantitative EEG (QEEG) in the assessment of clients and in treatment monitoring. Specific attention is directed toward the use of normative databases and z-scores as a form of standardized referencing for reporting and training purposes. Normative databases have general value and are of particular value when connectivity metrics are being used. It is shown that the use of z = 0 as an average over time corresponds to a state of optimum flexibility, adaptability, and readiness. The use of the inverse solution (LORETA) methods is also described, as well as use of those methods within the QEEG and normative model. Advantages as well as shortcomings of this approach are described and discussed.
Surface EMG (SEMG): A Synopsis
Authors: Sella Gabriel E.
Published: November 2020

Surface electromyography is an electrophysiological modality assessing the electrical activity of skeletal musculature. The Sella protocol is a structured assessment protocol, including static muscle assessment and dynamic muscle assessment, utilizing standardized electrode placements, conditions, and movements during assessment. This protocol can serve as a basis for designing biofeedback-assisted rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain and other musculoskeletal problems. The protocol can also be applied in forensic evaluations and in optimal performance settings.
Biofeedback History: An Alternative View
Authors: Peper Erik , Shaffer Fred
Published: November 2020

The tapestry of biofeedback history has been woven from many independent threads. Some contributors started with much vigor and nurtured others, and then they faded away. Yet they seeded ideas that the next generation rediscovered as their own. Others blossomed and disappeared, whereas still others have continued to actively nurture the field. Interest in biofeedback has waxed and waned in response to the historical forces of technology, social culture, beliefs, and economics.
Operation Community Impact responds to food insecurity and challenges faced by dairy producers
Authors: Stearns Stacey , Davenport William , Cushman Jennifer
Published: November 2020

For many individuals and families, challenges surrounding food insecurity increased when the pandemic arrived. COVID-19 also created a surplus of fluid milk and led to decreased prices for farmers. Dairy farms nationwide were dumping milk due to decreased demand and lack of storage space at plants. Meanwhile, food pantries were in desperate need of more food to help provide nourishment for the increasing number of individuals facing food insecurity. The Cooperative Extension 4-H and Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) programs at the University of Connecticut partnered with dairy processors to secure donations and mobilize Extension volunteers to distribute the donations to food pantries statewide.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: Review of Our Biomechanical Evidence
Authors: Chang Song Ho , Morris Brandon L. , Saengsin Jirawat , Tourné Yves , Guillo Stephane , Guss Daniel , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: November 2020

Definitive diagnosis and optimal surgical treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability remains controversial. This review distills available biomechanical evidence as it pertains to the clinical assessment, imaging work up, and surgical treatment of lateral ankle instability. Current data suggest that accurate assessment of ligament integrity during physical examination requires the ankle to ideally be held in 16° of plantar flexion when performing the anterior drawer test and 18° of dorsiflexion when performing the talar tilt test, respectively. Stress radiographs are limited by their low sensitivity, and MRI is limited by its static nature. Surgically, both arthroscopic and open repair techniques appear biomechanically equivalent in their ability to restore ankle stability, although sufficient evidence is still lacking for any particular procedure to be considered a superior construct. When performing reconstruction, grafts should be tensioned at 10 N and use of nonabsorbable augmentations lacking viscoelastic creep must factor in the potential for overtensioning. Anatomic lateral ligament surgery provides sufficient biomechanical strength to safely enable immediate postoperative weight bearing if lateral ankle stress is neutralized with a boot. Further research and comparative clinical trials will be necessary to define which of these ever-increasing procedural options actually optimizes patient outcome for chronic lateral ankle instability.
The Orthopaedic Match: Defining the Academic Profile of Successful Candidates
Authors: Ngaage Ledibabari M. , Xue Shan , A. Benzel Caroline , Andrews Akhil , M. A. Rawes Catherine , Wilson Robert H. , Ludwig Steven C. , M. Rasko Yvonne
Published: November 2020

Background:

Research productivity forms a vital part of the resident selection process and can markedly affect the chance of a successful match. Current reports regarding the publication record among prospective orthopaedic surgery residents are likely inaccurate. Potential applicants have a poor understanding of the strength of their research credentials in comparison to other candidates.

Methods:

We identified matched applicants from the 2013 to 2017 orthopaedic surgery residency application cycles. We performed a bibliometric analysis of these residents using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar to identify published articles and calculate the h-index of each applicant at the time of application. Details were collected on medical school, advanced degrees, publication type, first authorship, and article relatedness to orthopaedic surgery.

Results:

We included 3,199 matched orthopaedic surgery applicants. At the time of application, the median h-index was 0, the median number of publications was 1, and 40% of successful candidates did not hold any publications. The h-index (R 0.08, P < 0.0001) and median number of publications of matched orthopaedic surgery residency candidates significantly increased (R 0.09, P < 0.0001) across application cycles. Furthermore, the proportion of matched applicants without publications at the time of application significantly decreased (R −0.90, P = 0.0350). Conversely, the percentage of articles first-authored by applicants decreased (R −0.96, P = 0.0093), but article relatedness to orthopaedic surgery remained constant (R 0.82, P = 0.0905). Strikingly, notable changes were observed in the type of articles published by successful applicants: the proportion of preclinical studies decreased (R −0.07, P = 0.0041), whereas clinical research articles increased (R 0.07, P = 0.0024).

Conclusion:

The publication count held by successful orthopaedic surgery applicants is substantially lower than the nationally reported average. Matched orthopaedic surgery candidates demonstrate increasingly impressive research achievements each application cycle. However, increased academic productivity comes at the cost of reduced project responsibility and a shift toward faster-to-publish articles.
Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty After Hip Arthroscopy: A Cohort-Based Survivorship Study With a Minimum of 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Hoit Graeme , Whelan Daniel B. , Ly Patrick , Saskin Refik , Atrey Amit , Khoshbin Amir
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to determine which patient, provider, and surgical factors influence progression to total hip arthroplasty (THA) after hip arthroscopy (HA) through a large cohort-based registry.

Methods:

All patients ≥18 years who underwent unilateral HA in Ontario, Canada, between October 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, were identified with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. The rate of THA after HA was reported using Kaplan-Meier survivorship analyses. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess which factors independently influenced survivorship.

Results:

A total of 2,545 patients (53.2% female, mean age 37.4 ± 11.8 years) were identified. A total of 237 patients (9.3%) were identified to have undergone THA at a median time of 2 years after HA, with an additional 6.3% requiring a revision arthroplasty at a median time of 1.1 years. Patients who underwent isolated labral resection (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51 to 4.60) or in combination with osteochondroplasty (OCP) [HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.88] were more likely to undergo THA versus patients who underwent isolated labral repair or in combination with an OCP, respectively. Older age increased the risk for THA (HR: 14.0, 95% CI: 5.76 to 39.1), and treatment by the highest-volume HA surgeons was found to be protective (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.89).

Discussion:

Using our methods, the rate of THA after HA was 9.3% at 2 years. The rate of revision arthroplasty was 6.3% at 1 year. Patients who underwent labral resection, isolated OCP, and/or were of increased age were at increased independent risk of conversion to THA. Those treated by the highest-volume HA surgeons were found to be at reduced risk of conversion to THA.
Management of Metastatic Disease of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Voskuil Ryan T. , Mayerson Joel L. , Scharschmidt Thomas J.
Published: November 2020

Metastatic disease is the most common pathologic cause of bone destruction, and the upper extremity is frequently involved. This location presents many surgical challenges, but there have been several recent implant and technique-related advances that have improved outcomes. Patients can be treated nonsurgically, with radiation or with surgery, depending on patient characteristics, signs/symptoms, primary diagnosis, location, and extent of bone destruction. Most locations in the upper extremity besides the humerus can be treated nonsurgically or with radiation. This is also true of the humerus, but when surgery is indicated, plate fixation is acceptable when adequate proximal and distal cortical bone is present for screw purchase. Intramedullary nailing is used frequently in metastatic humeral disease as well, especially in the diaphysis. When extensive destruction or disease progression precludes internal fixation, a resection with endoprosthetic reconstruction can be considered. Oncologic hemiarthroplasty endoprosthetics still have a role, but reverse shoulder designs are beginning to show improved function. Humeral prosthesis designs are continuing to improve, and are becoming more modular, with custom implants still playing a role in certain challenging scenarios.
Do We Need to Wait 3 Months After Corticosteroid Injections to Reduce the Risk of Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sarah , Wallace Sara , Luu Hue H. , Shi Lewis L. , Lee Michael J. , Chen Antonia F.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Corticosteroid injections administered within 3 months before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been linked to increased risk of postoperative infection. However, it would be beneficial to further delineate the timing of injections to determine whether a narrower window exists for safe administration of corticosteroid injections. The purposes of our study were to (1) determine whether there were a different time frame between corticosteroid injection and primary TKA that increased infection risk and (2) determine risk factors associated with infection after TKA.

Methods:

TKA patients were identified from a national database from 2007 to 2017 and stratified based on their history of corticosteroid injections within the 6-month preoperative period. Patients who received injections were stratified into biweekly cohorts by the timing of their most recent injection. The 1-year rate of postoperative infection treated by surgical débridement was compared between injection and noninjection cohorts. Univariate logistic regressions of risk factors and a multivariate analysis for patient comorbidities and injection cohorts associated with increased infection risk were conducted.

Results:

In the 76,090 TKA patients identified, corticosteroid injection within 2 weeks before TKA increased the risk of postoperative infection (P = 0.02) and injections within 2 to 4 weeks trended toward increased infection in univariate regression. No significant differences were observed in any other injection time frames. In the multivariate analysis, injections within 2 weeks before TKA were identified as an independent risk factor (odds ratio: 2.89; P = 0.04) for postoperative infection. Additional risk factors included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and tobacco, whereas female sex and patient aged older than 65 were protective.

Discussion:

Our results suggest that TKA performed within four weeks of a corticosteroid injection may be associated with a higher risk of postoperative infection; however, delaying surgery more than four weeks may not provide additional infection risk reduction. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to determine the optimal timing of TKA after corticosteroid injections.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
A Retrospective Study of Covid-19 Disease in Confirmed Tuberculosis Patients from a Tertiary Care Centre in Ahmedabad
Authors: Patel Alpesh V , Rathod Kinnari K , Patel Nehal R , Khokhani Rachana M , Patel Happy A , Patel Neel R
Published: November 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is long standing disease and SARS-COV-2 being global pandemic in current era. Interactions between SARS-COV-2 and TB needs analysis, as both has major infection-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate impact of super imposing viral pandemic over chronic diseases like tuberculosis.

Methodology: A Retrospective study done in 75 patients registered under RNTCP program at our centre. Epidemiological data, diagnostic timing of TB, duration of AKT, history of SARS-COV-2 symptoms and SARS-COV-2 diagnostic result were evaluated. Analysis conducted based on incidence of COVID-19 infection in active cases of TB.

Results: Male: Female ratio was 1.88:1 with majority belongs to age group of 35 to 55years. Only 3 patients developed influenza like symptoms who tested negative for SARS-COV-2. None COVID-19 suspected or positive patient were reported amongst laboratory confirmed TB patients taking AKT, indicating TB drugs definitely have some impact on SARS-COV-2 virus.

Conclusion: TB and COVID-19 co-infection has limited cases. Very few individuals who were exposed to SARS-COV-2 during AKT treatment developed influenza like symptoms, however tested negative for SARS-COV-2. A larger study is needed to understand any role played by TB infection or AKT drugs on covid-19 disease.
Lateral shear strength of rectangular RC columns subjected to combined P-V-M monotonic loading
Authors: Zaneeb Aysha M , Goswami Rupen , Murty C V R
Published: November 2020

An analytical method is presented to estimate lateral shear strength (and identify likely mode and location of failure) in reinforced concrete (RC) cantilever columns of rectangular cross-section under combined axial force, shear force and bending moment. Change in shear capacity of concrete with flexural demand at a section is captured explicitly and the shear resistance offered by concrete estimated; this is combined with shear resistance offered by transverse and longitudinal reinforcement bars to estimate the overall shear capacity of RC columns. Shear–moment (V-M) interaction capacity diagram of an RC column, viewed alongside the demand diagram, identifies the lateral shear strength and failure mode. These analytical estimates compare well with test data of 107 RC columns published in literature; the test data corresponds to different axial loads, transverse reinforcement ratios, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, shear span to depth ratios, and loading conditions. Also, the analytical estimates are compared with those obtained using other analytical methods reported in literature; in all cases, the proposed method gives reasonable accuracy when estimating shear capacity of RC columns.  In addition, the method provides insights into the shear resistance mechanism in RC columns under the combined action of P-V-M, and it is simple to use.
Research on the Performance of a New External Occlusion Device for Pressure Vessel Leakage
Authors: Yan Hongwei , Yang Xiong , Hou Xiangrong , Wang Lu , Li Pengcheng
Published: November 2020

Given the advantages and disadvantages of the existing plugging technology, a new type of external sealing device for pressure vessel leakage is proposed, which has the advantages of fast installation speed, small installation resistance, and stronger adaptability to the leakage surface. The connecting rod propulsion mechanism provides power, uses the fluidity of materials in the annular cavity to adapt to the complex curved surface, and carries out real-time monitoring and self-healing of the plugging process. Through the establishment of a finite element model of conventional top pressure plugging and the new type of external sac plugging method, simulation analysis of the leakage point and the pressure distribution around the crack leak has shown that: in the installation process of the new type of external liquid sac plugging device, a pressure-equalizing contact area and a sealing area are formed around the leakage point, and there is no obvious stress concentration phenomenon. When the thickness of the gasket is low, the deformation is uniform, which overcomes the problems of insufficient adaptability of the gasket in the conventional jacking method, and enhances the stability and reliability of emergency plugging.
Ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block - A description of the technique
Authors: Echeverri-Ospina Yulian Camilo , Zamudio Burbano Mario Andrés , González Giraldo Daniela
Published: November 2020

Complications in airway management remain a common cause of anesthesia-associated mortality. When a patient is considered with anticipated difficult airway, the management depends on several variables, however, at present, the standard of management continues to be the patient awake approach. In scenarios of acute upper airway obstruction, the only way to guarantee adequate ventilation is to obtain a translaryngeal or transtracheal access, for which, it is necessary to use local anesthesia and grade I / II sedation, avoiding loss of spontaneous ventilation. For this purpose, we propose ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block, in order to standardize an ultrasound landmark that is reproduceable, with a high success rate, which allows limiting complications related to regional anatomic techniques and thus facilitating the securing of the airway in these patients.
Construction, diagnostics and maintenance of CWR track-threats through low temperatures
Authors: Makowski Jacek
Published: November 2020

The article characterizes the construction of a contactless track and explains the phenomenon of thermal stress formation. The breakage of railway rails during periods of low temperatures, also related to the occurrence of rail defects, poses a threat to traffic safety and requires proper diagnostics of the track condition, as well as the use of correct repair technology for broken rails.
Model studies of ships as an element of maritime transport
Authors: Mironiuk Waldemar
Published: November 2020

Transport of large amounts of cargo, mining and exploiting natural mineral resources, carrying large number of passengers by sea are characterized by high risk, even if the latest technologies are employed. It is not a long time ago that thousands of people lost their lives in catastrophes of ships, off-shore oil rigs and other marine objects. It is estimated that around 80% of accidents at sea are caused by making wrong decisions by persons keeping watch on the bridge, especially during difficult navigational and weather conditions. Accidents can also be caused by lack of skills necessary for crews or absence of appropriate tools. Therefore, it is important that seafarers should be trained in accordance with the highest standards. The scope of crew research and training may include both static, dynamic and damage stability. This stand bad also enables the analysis of the influence of the free surface effect of the liquid occurring in the compartments or tanks after damage to the ship's hull and the analysis of the impact of cargo operation on the ship's initial stability. Experiences gained on the research stand lead to a better understanding of the phenomena occurring in the current operation of the ship and to improve the safety of swimming. The aim of this article is presentation selected scenarios for the model tests of vessels and to familiarize with the construction of selected types of ship models and the capabilities of stability test stands in the aspect of improving the safety at sea.
Battery charging infrastructure as one of the elements of electromobility progress in Poland
Authors: Sendek-Matysiak Ewelina , Szumska Emilia
Published: November 2020

It is expected that until 2025 there will be million electric cars (PEV) running on Polish roads [20]. These vehicles are undisputedly an important part of actions being undertaken in order to reach low-emission mobility in the area of road transport, responsible for 70% of GHG emissions from the whole transport sector. Although PEV cars have a number of advantages, they still have minor share in the automotive market, not only in Poland, but all over the world. Limited availability of public charging points still remain one of the key barriers for further progress of electromobility. In this study the authors will present current condition of charging infrastructure in Poland compared to other countries. They will also try to answer the question whether introduction of a number of incentives leads to faster electromobility progress.
Perspectives of intermodal transport in Poland
Authors: Barcik Ryszard , Bylinko Leszek
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of this article is to show the present status and development potential of intermodal transport in Poland. The study also presents the possibilities of chosen transshipment technologies in Polish intermodal terminals.
Practical aspects of the split delivery vehicle routing problem (SDVRP)
Authors: Karkula Marek
Published: November 2020

Transport process arrangement and delivery route planning is one of the most important tasks of managers in distribution, trade and production enterprises. The problem of route planning concerns the rationalization of product distribution processes offered by company for the customer's network. In operational research, such a problem is included in the class of issues of Vehicle Routing Problem – VRP. The VRP delivery planning problems constitute a wide family of issues arising primarily from the conditions and constraints of the practice. The paper presents the practical application of one of the VRP variants – the problem of arranging routes for the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem – SDVRP, and the results of analyses based on research carried out in a distribution company.
The assumptions of the decision-making model of ITS services in order to eliminate of traffic flows disruptions
Authors: Karoń Grzegorz , Żochowska Renata
Published: November 2020

The article presents the basic assumptions of the decision-making model regarding the selection of ITS services in order to mitigate and eliminate the negative effects of disruptions to traffic flows in transport networks. The first part of article presents the structure of ITS systems, including cooperative systems C-ITS, and selected strategies for control and traffic management. The second part of article formulates a basic formal description of the decision-making model for the selection of ITS functional configuration for specific measures of traffic flow disturbances.
Rationalization of the arrangement of selected intermodal transport units on the load length of the train
Authors: Kostrzewski Arkadiusz , Nader Mirosław , Kostrzewski Mariusz
Published: November 2020

Authors of the paper analyzed the arrangement of large containers ISO on the load length of selected railway wagons which are used by intermodal transport operators. At the same time, the types of wagons and types of loading units were characterized. The quantity and arrangement of containers were analyzed for two kinds of sets of intermodal units structures. It means that a homogeneous and diverse structures of the arrangement of intermodal transport units on the length of wagons were analyzed. The length and quantity of loading tracks, necessary for the transport of the containers indicated in the paper, were also estimated.
Legal conditions for the transport of perishable cargoes
Authors: Wasiak Mariusz , Leleń Paweł
Published: November 2020

Transport of perishable cargoes is legally regulated in detail. Relating to these regulations is crucial for proper select of transport technologies for these loads. The paper describes currently applicable legal regulations for the transport of perishable cargoes and relates them to the method of selecting multimodal technologies for transporting perishable cargo, which has been described in [3] and [4]. Examples of including legal conditions while choosing transport technology using this method are presented. As it was determined the temperature and time are important factors for analyzed loads. Furthermore, an array of other determinants of safe transport is significant.
Model for shaping urban mobility – system-functional approach
Authors: Żochowska Renata , Karoń Grzegorz
Published: November 2020

The article presents a decision-making model for shaping urban mobility in a system-functional form. First, the mobility management process was characterized. Next, a formal description of the basic assumptions of the decision-making model for urban mobility management and the architecture of the decision model in the form of an algorithm for selecting mobility actions were presented.
Okresowe oceny stanu technicznego elewacji budynków
Cz. 6. Elewacje wentylowanenych
Authors: Runkiewicz Leonard , Sieczkowski Jan , Kopyłow Ołeksij
Published: November 2020

Elewacje wentylowane niewątpliwie należą do grupy najczęściej stosowanych systemów elewacyjnych we współczesnym budownictwie. Na system ten składają się: podkonstrukcja (ruszt), izolacja termiczna, szczelina wentylacyjna i okładzina. Wraz ze wzrostem powierzchni zrealizowanych elewacji zwiększa się również liczba ich awarii. Często ich przyczyny związane są nie tylko z pomyłkami projektowymi lub wykonawczymi, ale z zaniedbaniami podczas użytkowania. Zminimalizowanie ryzyka wystąpienia awarii elewacji wentylowanych jest możliwe dzięki systematycznemu przeprowadzaniu okresowych ocen tych elewacji budynków.
W artykule przedstawiono zasady przeprowadzania ocen okresowych elewacji wentylowanych oraz podstawowy zakres czynności pozwalających określać ich stan techniczny. Opisano również metody eksperckie pozwalające na diagnozowanie omawianych systemów elewacyjnych.
Proces wysychania przegród wykonanych z betonu komórkowego klasy 500
Authors: Bochenek Magdalena
Published: November 2020

W artykule przedstawiono w yniki badań próbek z betonu komórkowego o klasie gęstości 500 kg/m3. Próbki poddano intensywnemu działaniu wody, a następnie suszono w warunkach laboratoryjnych, tj. w temperaturze ok. 20°C i wilgotności względnej ok. 30%. Proces suszenia trwał sześć miesięcy. W kolejnych miesiącach trwania procesu przedstawiano zmienne profile zawartości wilgoci. Proces suszenia dostarcza informacji o materiale w szerokim zakresie wilgotności względnych – od zakresu higroskopijnego do zakresu nasyconego. Jednakże nie ma norm dotyczących badania tego procesu. Nie ma określonego parametru materiałowego, który należałoby wyznaczać. W literaturze można jedynie znaleźć propozycje określania parametrów suszenia.
Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors Aiming at Biodiesel Production
Authors: S. Amaral Mateus , C.A. Loures Carla , L. Naves Fabiano , L. Samanamud Gisella , B. Silva Messias , M.R. Prata Arnaldo
Published: November 2020

The search for a renewable source as an alternative to fossil fuels has driven the research on new sources of biomass for biofuels. An alternative source of biomass that has come to prominence is microalgae, photosynthetic micro-organisms capable of capturing atmospheric CO2 and accumulating high levels of lipids in their biomass, making them attractive as a raw material for biodiesel synthesis. Thus, various studies have been conducted in developing different types of photobioreactors for the cultivation of microalgae. Photobioreactors can be divided into two groups: open and closed. Open photobioreactors are more susceptible to contamination and bad weather, reducing biomass productivity. Closed photobioreactors allow greater control against contamination and bad weather and lead to higher rates of biomass production; they are widely used in research to improve new species and processes. Therefore, many configurations of closed photobioreactors have been developed over the years to increase productivity of microalgae biomass.
Physiological Stress Responses Associated with High-Risk Occupational Duties
Authors: F. Chan Jennifer , P. Andersen Judith
Published: November 2020

Occupational stress is a pervasive problem that is relevant across the world. Stress, in combination with occupational hazards, may pose additive risks for health and wellbeing. This chapter discusses the influence of physical and psychosocial stressors on basal cortisol regulation as associated with higher-risk occupational duties among two subspecialties of police officers (frontline and special tactical unit officers). Results reveal significant differences in dysregulated cortisol awakening response associated with the higher risk duties among special tactical unit officers. In contrast, frontline officers with a lower objective occupational risk profiles report higher subjective stress levels. Dysregulated or maladaptive cortisol levels are associated with increased health risk. Thus, individuals working in high stress occupations with elevated cortisol profiles may be at increased risk of chronic health conditions. Results suggest that considering both objective physiological markers and subjective reports of stress are dually important aspects in designing interventions for police officers of differing subspecialties.
Androgen Signaling in the Placenta
Authors: M. Parsons Aubone Agata , Evans River , J. Bouma Gerrit
Published: November 2020

The placenta is a multifunctional, transitory organ that mediates transport of nutrients and waste, gas exchange, and endocrine signaling. In fact, placental secretion of hormones is critical for maintenance of pregnancy, as well as growth and development of healthy offspring. In this chapter, the role of androgens in placental development and function is highlighted. First, a brief summary will be provided on the different mammalian placental types followed by an overview of placental steroidogenesis. Next, the chapter will focus on genomic and non-genomic androgen signaling pathways. Finally, an overview will be provided on the current status of androgen signaling in the placenta during normal and abnormal pregnancies.