bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimates and trends of zero vegetable or fruit consumption among children aged 6–23 months in 64 countries
Authors: Allen Courtney K. , Assaf Shireen , Namaste Sorrel , Benedict Rukundo K.
Published: June 2023

Children require a diverse diet, that includes vegetables and fruits, to support growth and development and prevent non-communicable diseases. The WHO-UNICEF established a new infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicator: zero vegetable or fruit (ZVF) consumption among children aged 6–23 months. We estimated the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with ZVF consumption using nationally representative, cross-sectional data on child health and nutrition in low-and-middle-income countries. We examined 125 Demographic and Health Surveys in 64 countries conducted between 2006–2020 with data on whether a child ate vegetables or fruits the previous day. Prevalence of ZVF consumption was calculated by country, region, and globally. Country trends were estimated and tested for statistical significance (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between ZVF and child, mother, household, and survey cluster characteristics by world region and globally. Using a pooled estimate of the most recent survey available in each country, we estimate the global prevalence of ZVF consumption as 45.7%, with the highest prevalence in West and Central Africa (56.1%) and the lowest in Latin America and the Caribbean (34.5%). Recent trends in ZVF consumption varied by country (16 decreasing, eight increasing, 14 no change). Country trends in ZVF consumption represented diverse patterns of food consumption over time and may be affected by the timing of surveys. Children from wealthier households and children of mothers who are employed, more educated, and have access to media were less likely to consume ZVF. We find the prevalence of children aged 6–23 months who do not consume any vegetables or fruits is high and is associated with wealth and characteristics of the mother. Areas for future research include generating evidence from low-and-middle-income countries on effective interventions and translating strategies from other contexts to improve vegetable and fruit consumption among young children.
COVID-19 vaccine uptake, confidence and hesitancy in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between April 2021 and April 2022: A continuous cross-sectional surveillance study
Authors: Piltch-Loeb Rachael , Mazibuko Lusanda , Stanton Eva , Mngomezulu Thobeka , Gareta Dickman , Nxumalo Siyabonga , Kraemer John D. , Herbst Kobus , Siedner Mark J. , Harling Guy
Published: June 2023

High COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Africa limits protection against future epidemic waves. We evaluated how vaccine hesitancy and its correlates evolved April 2021-April 2022 in a well-characterized rural KwaZulu-Natal setting. All residents aged >15 in the Africa Health Research Institute’s surveillance area were invited to complete a home-based, in-person interview. We described vaccine uptake and hesitancy trends, then evaluated associations with pre-existing personal factors, dynamic environmental context, and cues to action using ordinal logistic regression. Among 10,011 respondents, vaccine uptake rose as age-cohorts became vaccine-eligible before levelling off three months post-eligibility; younger age-groups had slower uptake and plateaued faster. Lifetime receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine rose from 3.0% in April-July 2021 to 32.9% in January-April 2022. Among 7,445 unvaccinated respondents, 47.7% said they would definitely take a free vaccine today in the first quarter of the study time period, falling to 32.0% in the last. By March/April 2022 only 48.0% of respondents were vaccinated or said they would definitely would take a vaccine. Predictors of lower vaccine hesitancy included being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.76), living with vaccinated household members (aOR:0.65, 95%CI: 0.59–0.71) and knowing someone who had had COVID-19 (aOR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.59–0.80). Mistrust in government predicted greater hesitancy (aOR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.42–1.53). Despite several COVID-19 waves, vaccine hesitancy was common in rural South Africa, rising over time and closely tied to mistrust in government. However, interpersonal experiences countered hesitancy and may be entry-points for interventions.
A comparative study of the cortical function during the interpretation of algorithms in pseudocode and the solution of first-order algebraic equations
Authors: Hernández Oscar , Zurek Eduardo , Barbosa John , Villasana Minaya
Published: June 2023

This study intends to determine whether similarities of the functioning of the cerebral cortex exist, modeled as a graph, during the execution of mathematical tasks and programming related tasks. The comparison is done using network parameters and during the development of computer programming tasks and the solution of first-order algebraic equations. For that purpose, electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) were made with a volunteer group of 16 students of systems engineering of Universidad del Norte in Colombia, while they were performing computer programming tasks and solving first-order algebraic equations with three levels of difficulty. Then, based on the Synchronization Likelihood method, graph models of functional cortical networks were developed, whose parameters of Small-Worldness (SWN), global(Eg) and local (El) efficiency were compared between both types of tasks. From this study, it can be highlighted, first, the novelty of studying cortical function during the solution of algebraic equations and during programming tasks; second, significant differences between both types of tasks observed only in the delta and theta bands. Likewise, the differences between simpler mathematical tasks with the other levels in both types of tasks; third, the Brodmann areas 21 and 42, associated with auditory sensory processing, can be considered as differentiating elements of programming tasks; as well as Brodmann area 8, during equation solving.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions for depression among people living with HIV: A protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Ting , Tang Chulei , Yan Huang , Wang Honghong , Guo Meiying
Published: June 2023

Background

Improving depression is critical to the success of HIV treatment. Concerns about the adverse effects of pharmacotherapy have led to non-pharmacological treatments for depression in people living with HIV (PLWH) becoming increasingly popular. However, the most effective and acceptable non-pharmacological treatments for depression in PLWH have not yet been determined. This protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare and rank all available non-pharmacological treatments for depression in PLWH in the global network of countries as well as in the network of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) only.

Methods

We will include all randomized controlled trials of any non-pharmacological treatments for depression in PLWH. The primary outcomes will consider efficacy (the overall mean change scores in depression) and acceptability (all-cause discontinuation). Published and unpublished studies will be systematically searched through the relevant databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, and OpenGrey), international trial registers, and websites. There is no restriction by language and publication year. All study selection, quality evaluation, and data extraction will be independently conducted by at least two investigators. We will perform a random-effects network meta-analysis to synthesize all available evidence for each outcome and obtain a comprehensive ranking of all treatments for the global network of countries as well as for the network of LMICs only. We will employ validated global and local approaches to evaluate inconsistency. We will use OpenBUGS (version 3.2.3) software to fit our model within a Bayesian framework. We will evaluate the strength of evidence using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) tool, a web application based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will use secondary data and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number:CRD42021244230.
Evaluating supply chain management of SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care (POC) diagnostic services in primary healthcare clinics in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Maluleke Kuhlula , Musekiwa Alfred , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani
Published: June 2023

Access to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics in resource-limited settings, where laboratory-based diagnostics are limited, depends on efficient supply chain management (SCM). This study evaluated the SCM for SARS-CoV-2 POC diagnostic services in resource-limited settings to determine the effect of SCM on accessibility to SARS-CoV-2 POC tests and to identify barriers and enablers of accessibility to SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic services in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. We purposively assessed 47 clinics providing POC diagnostic services between June and September 2022. One participant per clinic completed an audit tool developed by the authors with guidance from the World Health Organization and the Management Sciences for Health guidelines. The audit tool evaluated the following SCM parameters: selection, quantification, storage, procurement, quality assurance, distribution, redistribution, inventory management, and human resource capacity. Percentage rating scores between 90–100% indicated that the facility was compliant with SCM guidelines, while rating scores < 90% indicated non-compliance. The clinic audit scores were summarized and compared across clinics and sub-districts. Clinics had compliance scores ranging from 60.5% to 89.2%. Compliance scores were the highest for procurement, redistribution, and quality assurance (all 100%), followed by storage (mean = 95.2%, 95% CI: 90.7–99.7), quantification (mean = 89.4%, 95% CI: 80.2–98.5), and selection (mean = 87.5%, 95% CI: 87.5%–87.5%). Compliance scores were the lowest for inventory management (mean = 53.2%, 95% CI: 47.9%–58.5%), distribution (mean = 48.6%, 95% CI: 44.6%–52.7%), and human resource capacity (mean = 50.6%, 95% CI: 43.3%–58.0%). A significant correlation was found between compliance score and clinic headcount (r = 0.4, p = 0.008), and compliance score and ideal clinic score (r = 0.4, p = 0.0003). Overall, the 47 clinics audited did not comply with international SCM guidelines. Of the nine SCM parameters evaluated, only procurement, redistribution, and quality assurance did not need improvement. All parameters are key in ensuring full functionality of SCM systems and equitable access to SARS-CoV-2 POC diagnostics in resource limited settings.
Impact of the COVID-19 vaccination mandate on the primary care workforce and differences between rural and urban settings to inform future policy decision-making
Authors: Hatch Brigit A. , Kenzie Erin , Ramalingam NithyaPriya , Sullivan Eliana , Barnes Chrystal , Elder Nancy , Davis Melinda M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Little is known about the impact of mandated vaccination policies on the primary care clinic workforce in the United States or differences between rural and urban settings, especially for COVID-19. With the continued pandemic and an anticipated increase in novel disease outbreaks and emerging vaccines, healthcare systems need additional information on how vaccine mandates impact the healthcare workforce to aid in future decision-making.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Oregon primary care clinic staff between October 28, 2021– November 18, 2021, following implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination mandate for healthcare personnel. The survey consisted of 19 questions that assessed the clinic-level impacts of the vaccination mandate. Outcomes included job loss among staff, receipt of an approved vaccination waiver, new vaccination among staff, and the perceived significance of the policy on clinic staffing. We used univariable descriptive statistics to compare outcomes between rural and urban clinics. The survey also included three open-ended questions that were analyzed using a template analysis approach.

Results

Staff from 80 clinics across 28 counties completed surveys, representing 38 rural and 42 urban clinics. Clinics reported job loss (46%), use of vaccination waivers (51%), and newly vaccinated staff (60%). Significantly more rural clinics (compared to urban) utilized medical and/or religious vaccination waivers (71% vs 33%, p = 0.04) and reported significant impact on clinic staffing (45% vs 21%, p = 0.048). There was also a non-significant trend toward more job loss for rural compared to urban clinics (53% vs. 41%, p = 0.547). Qualitative analysis highlighted a decline in clinic morale, small but meaningful detriments to patient care, and mixed opinions of the vaccination mandate.

Conclusions

Oregon’s COVID-19 vaccination mandate increased healthcare personnel vaccination rates, yet amplified staffing challenges with disproportionate impacts in rural areas. Staffing impacts in primary care clinics were greater than reported previously in hospital settings and with other vaccination mandates. Mitigating primary care staffing impacts, particularly in rural areas, will be critical in response to the continued pandemic and novel viruses in the future.
Containment of COVID-19 outbreaks with lower incidence and case fatality rates in long-term care facilities by early intervention of emergency response teams
Authors: Akahoshi Kouki , Nakamura Keiko , Kondo Hisayoshi , Wakai Akinori , Koido Yuichi
Published: June 2023

Objective

To examine whether post-outbreak early-phase interventions by emergency response teams (ERTs) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) contribute to containment with lower incidence and case-fatality rate of COVID-19 and analyse the required assistance.

Methods

Records from 59 LTCFs (28 hospitals, 15 nursing homes, and 16 homes) assisted by ERTs after the COVID-19 outbreak, between May 2020 and January 2021, were used for the analysis. Incidence and case-fatality rates among 6,432 residents and 8,586 care workers were calculated. The daily reports of ERTs were reviewed, and content analysis was performed.

Results

Incidence rates among residents and care workers with early phase (<7 days from onset) interventions (30·3%, 10·8%) were lower than those with late phase (≥7 days from onset) interventions (36·6%, 12·6%) (p<0·001, p = 0·011, respectively). The case-fatality rate among residents with early-phase and late-phase interventions were 14·8% and 16·9%, respectively. ERT assistance in LTCFs was not limited to infection control but extended to command and coordination assistance in all studied facilities.

Conclusion

Assistance in the facility’s operational governance from the early phase of an outbreak in LTCFs contributed to a significant decline in incidence rate and case fatality rate among LTCF residents and care workers in facilities.
Stewardship
Authors: Winters Tara
Published: June 2023

This issue’s editorial is from our new principal editor, Tara Winters. She articulates her understanding of the role and responsibility of being an editor through the lens of stewardship. The contents of the issue are introduced, observing how the ethic of stewardship is present in every article from connections between art and ecology to sustaining a future for art education discourse through critical reflection and re-imagining research processes.
L.A. Chic: A Locational History of Los Angeles Fashion, Susan Ingram and Markus Reisenleitner (2018)
Authors: Kambara Kenneth M.
Published: June 2023

Review of: L.A. Chic: A Locational History of Los Angeles Fashion, Susan Ingram and Markus Reisenleitner (2018)

Bristol: Intellect Ltd., 219 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78320-934-7, p/bk, $45.00

ISBN 978-1-78320-935-4, ePUB, $34.90

ISBN 978-1-78320-936-1, e-book, $34.90
Skirts: Fashioning Modern Femininity in the Twentieth Century, Kimberly Chrisman-Campbell (2022)
Authors: Kipp Lara Maleen
Published: June 2023

Review of: Skirts: Fashioning Modern Femininity in the Twentieth Century, Kimberly Chrisman-Campbell (2022)

New York: St. Martin’s Press, 272 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-25027-579-0, h/bk, $28.99
Some Wear Leather, Some Wear Lace: The Worldwide Compendium of Postpunk and Goth in the 1980s, Andi Harriman and Marloes Bontje (2014)
Authors: Lamb Renee
Published: June 2023

Review of: Some Wear Leather, Some Wear Lace: The Worldwide Compendium of Postpunk and Goth in the 1980s, Andi Harriman and Marloes Bontje (2014)

Bristol: Intellect Ltd., 216 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78320-352-9, p/bk, $35.00

ISBN 978-1-78320-353-6, e-book, $31.00
Unfolding the Past, Elizabeth Wilson (2022)
Authors: Matheson Linda
Published: June 2023

Review of: Unfolding the Past, Elizabeth Wilson (2022)

London, New York and Dublin: Bloomsbury Visual Arts Publishing, 296 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-3502-3259-4, h/bk, $27.00

ISBN 978-1-3502-3260-0, e-book, $24.30
Class dismissed: The application of popular education to create digital spaces of working-class emancipation beyond restrictive formal education practices
Authors: Shukie Peter
Published: June 2023

This article considers the ways in which a far-from-neutral ecology of educational technology serves to further marginalize minoritarian knowledges. A persuasive push towards increased technology use is considered as a result of capitalist EdTech promotion of commodities. This challenges concepts of technology as an emancipating presence that acts neutrally in concerns over social justice. The article includes discussion around the ways in which knowledge itself is framed by the technologies that are used to share it. The culmination of the article is the presenting of alternatives that allow technology to be conceptualized as a means of emancipating knowledges and encouraging diversity of who creates knowledge and how this is shared and developed using technology.
In awe of scores and roars: Audience phenomenological fragmentation between screen and soundtrack
Authors: Rendell James
Published: June 2023

Addressing audiences’ enthrallment with film soundtracks that complicate existing notions of cinema immersion, this article offers the original concept of phenomenological fragmentation. To do so, the article considers soundtracks as mnemonic devices and affective textual components that shape audiences’ identities. Additionally, whilst multiplex viewing theatres and technologies endeavour to disembody audio media production and shroud crowds in darkness, the article explores alternative cinematic environments that support phenomenological fragmentation. This is then applied to concert movies as a particular form of event-based experiential cinema where screenings are accompanied with an orchestra that play the soundtrack live. The article then focuses on Jurassic Park ‘Live in Concert’ as a case study of this. Thirteen concert attendees were interviewed, evidencing myriad instances of phenomenological immersion and fragmentation that are shaped by autobiographical histories with the film and the novel exhibition context. Resultantly, the research provides the much-needed empirical audience data to film music studies and expands the study of experiential cinema.
Freire for twenty-first-century, austerity-driven schools: creating positive educational relations with and among students at the margins
Authors: Edwards Simon
Published: June 2023

Despite the rhetoric of successive governments in England to engage all students with their learning there has been a substantial increase in suspensions and permanent exclusions from secondary schools since the early 2000s. This removal of students from school is particularly high among underperforming students, most of whom come from low-income families. These concerns, amplified by well-being and mental health issues related to the lockdowns caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, accelerated government calls for new and innovative approaches to re-engage students with education. Particular emphasis is placed on mentoring and tutoring projects. This article discusses a relational pedagogy employed in the initial stages of a mentoring project called Beyond the School Gates that emerged from a research study carried out by the University of Portsmouth in 2018 and was established as a charity association in 2020. Specifically, it analyses the mentoring processes that draw on Freire’s decoding model to create relational spaces within excluded students’ homes in order to facilitate critical dialogue between mentors, students and their parents. Mentors facilitate relational encounters that involve mutual dialogue and a series of relationship-building activities so that students are able to voice their social realities and educational experiences. Students depict their circumstances in image metaphors or art forms, some of which are illustrated. These frame conversations about their educational and social developmental interests, needs and goals. Mentors then facilitate activities that help the students develop confidence and the skills necessary to access resources to meet these needs and realise their goals. This extends to facilitating conversations between students, parents and teachers in order to address social and curricular barriers in school.
Finding tomorrow’ teachers: Investigating school district plans for pre-collegiate GYO programs
Authors: Hamman Doug , Matteson Shirley M. , Nguyen The
Published: June 2023

Teacher shortages increase yearly while interest in the teaching profession seems to be at an all-time low. Policymakers are again seeing value in high school “grow your own” (GYO) teacher programs as a source of future teacher talent. Against the backdrop of career development models for teaching, we developed an instrument based on specific practices in the GYO literature and applied the instrument to review school district applications selected for statewide grant funding to evaluate the extent which proposed programs intended to enact such strategies. Applications reflected many of the recruitment, preparation and retention strategies found in the literature, but we also found three trends across the pool of applications that suggested GYO programs may miss their intended mark of increasing the number and diversity of teachers. First, application plans made limited use of current career models to guide recruiting efforts. Second, the application plans seemed unlikely to create diversity in the teacher talent pool. Third, plans for offering dual credit courses in high school gave little attention to aligning post-secondary academic pathways to undergraduate teacher certification. These results suggest that traditionally conceived pre-collegiate GYO programs need to be reimagined if they are going to be successful at mitigating teacher shortages.
Dissemination of the quarantine weeds of the genus Ambrosia in the steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors: GAVRILYUK Yuliya , AKSYONOV Igor , MATSAY Nataliya , BESEDA Aleksandr , AKSYONOVA Ilona
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of many years of research for the period 2003-2020, which were aimed at studying the dissemination and expansion of plant groups of quarantine species of Ambrosia weeds in the eastern steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that the intensive dissemination of the species of the quarantine ragweed weed occurs both naturally and anthropically. Monitoring of the dissemination and growth of ragweed species is noted in all types of phytocenoses of the steppe. The increase in the areas of dissemination of aggressive species of ragweed weeds poses a widespread threat to all plant populations. Studies show a tendency to increase the number of ragweed plants in such plant groups as agrophytocenoses, phytocenoses of planted forests, phytocenoses of urban areas, meadows and pastures. For the  period 2011-2002  the number of ragweed plants increased in meadows by 7.5 times, in pastures by 14.8 times, in agrophytocenoses by 2.95 times, in phytocenoses of urban areas by 1.68 times, in phytocenoses of planted forests by 1.28 times. Due to the lack of control over the dissemination and appropriate eradication measures, the largest increase in the number of ragweed plants over the past 10 years has been observed in meadows and pastures. It is recommended in phytocenoses of planted forests and urban areas in meadows and pastures, total mowing of ragweed plants before their flowering 5-7 times during the growing season in order to prevent replenishment of the seed stock of this weed in the soil during the growing season.
Classification of pomegranate cultivars by multivariate analysis of biochemical constituents of HPLC
Authors: SAADATIAN Mohammad , ABDULLAH Haval , YOUSIF Fatima , ASKANDAR Rwa , RIZGAR Roya , SABER Maryam
Published: June 2023

Pomegranate fruits are highly diverse and may be divided into geographical groupings based on their characteristics. Genetic research has verified these categories in recent years and further categorized variants into geographic-genetic groupings. This study aimed to assess the biochemical contents of eight varieties of pomegranate fruit seed and the categorization of pomegranate using multivariate statistical analysis. Polyphenolic chemicals are key secondary metabolites in pomegranate, and their presence influences the quality and sensory qualities of the fruit they produce. Fruit extracts from the Faqyan cultivar contained the highest total phenolic content of all studied cultivars. Pomegranate cultivars such as Shaqlawa, Halabja Sour, and Faqyan were shown to have the highest antioxidant activity. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, rutin, apigenin, rosmaric acid, and quercetin were the most abundant phytochemical components in the study. According to the results of multivariate analysis, pomegranate cultivars were divided into four major groups. The pomegranate fruit seed is the most abundant source of antioxidants and beneficial phytochemical elements. Finally, the Sidakan Sweet and Shaqlawa cultivars included a significant content polyphenolic compounds.
Polecenie w administracji publicznej. Wybrane problemy
Authors: Świderski Krzysztof
Published: June 2023

The article presents selected problems concerning instructions in public administration. First, attention is paid to the official instruction. It is issued in service relationships, which differ from employment relationships. By issuing an official direction, the service superior obliges a subordinate employee to perform a specific official activity, including to submit a declaration of knowledge on public issues. An official direction is an individual administrative act.These official instructions are issued when it is necessary to correct the performance of public tasks by a subordinate employee. The obligation to comply with an official instruction is not absolute. The addressee of the instruction may raise objections and even refuse to execute an unlawful official instruction.Instructions issued by a superior authority to a subordinate authority constitute a separate group. Such an instruction is an internal act. It may concern the method of performing tasks or taking specific actions within the scope of operation of a subordinate authority. Instructions issued between public administration authorities are aimed at adapting activities to the directions of public policy and correcting the manner of performing public tasks. There is no appeal against an instruction issued by a superior authority. These are binding.The last category concerns intervention orders. The intervention order does not result from organizational superiority or official subordination. This is a request addressed to the public administration authority to take action to abolish the danger in emergency situations. Intervention orders are issued in particular in matters of protection of life, public health, property, protection of civil rights, maintenance of public policy.
Uwarunkowania przeciwdziałania zjawisku dyskryminacji osób niskich w przestrzeni publicznej i projektowaniu użytkowym – w perspektywie stanowienia i stosowania prawa
Authors: Przystaś Aleksandra
Published: June 2023

The study is devoted to legal and factual conditions of the social situation of short people, in particular, in terms of actual and potential areas of risk of discrimination based on height, that does not correspond to the average in a given society. The article indicates the extent of height discrimination, referred to as heightism, and deals with social behaviours that can be classified as unfair and violating the subjective rights of a group of people who are characterized by their below-average height compared to the social average. This manifests itself in various aspects, including communication practices established in society, such as the infantilization of short people, which in turn negatively affects other spheres of these people’s social functioning. Moreover, discrimination in the social sphere is also evident in the employment opportunities offered to people of short stature – they are perceived as less experienced and less competent. It is also a problem that employers set requirements regarding the parameters of job applicants in situations where these is not actually necessary for the proper performance of the tasks required. What’s more, there is discrimination hindering, and sometimes severely limiting, the possibility of using public utility facilities (functioning in the public sphere), and utility items referring to the private sphere.Based on the analysis of case-law related to the situation of people of short stature and also anti-discriminatory solutions functioning in other countries, specific remedies for discrimination against short people have been proposed, which should be applied both in Polish legislation and in the implementation of existing law. The idea here is to expand the guarantee norms contained in the Polish constitution so that they explicitly prohibit discrimination on the grounds of height.
Spuren der chinesischen Literatur und Perspektive der Weltliteratur in Goethes

Helena-Akt in

Faust II
Authors: Yuan Si
Published: June 2023

Goethe hat 1827 in seiner Überarbeitung des Originalmanuskripts vom Helena-Akt in Faust II das Leben, das Schicksal und die Persönlichkeit von Helena erweitert und ihr Würde und Menschlichkeit verliehen. Inzwischen befasste sich Goethe mit der Lektüre der klassischen chinesischen Literatur, was zur Schaffung von seinem Werk Chinesisches führte. Goethe stattete die klassischen Schönheiten mit einem vergleichbaren Schicksal und ähnlichen ästhetischen Eigenschaften aus wie die Helena. In seiner Rekonstruktion von Helena und den chinesischen klassischen Schönheiten schwächte Goethe deren nationale literarische Identität und betont die Universalität der Menschheit. Die Tatsache, dass der Helena-Akt schließlich zu einer ästhetischen Tragödie wird, die die allgemeine menschliche Situation widerspiegelt, ist im Wesentlichen auf die Perspektive der Weltliteratur zurückzuführen, die Goethe in seinen späteren Jahren im Zuge der Aufarbeitung des klassischen Ideals entwickelte.
Properties of ultra-high performance concrete and conventional concrete with coal bottom ash as aggregate replacement and nanoadditives: A review
Authors: Ban Cheah Chee , Kang Saw Yoong , Siddique Rafat , Tangchirapat Weerachart
Published: June 2023

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a new type of concrete with improved features such as high strength, long service life, ductility, and toughness. UHPC’s energy-intensive cement and quartz sand may make it unsustainable despite its engineering expertise. Thus, a UHPC that is energy efficient and environmentally benign should use less energy-intensive components and industrial wastes. This review consolidates and critically reviews the latest global research on coal bottom ash (CBA) as a fine aggregate replacement material and nano-calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) as concrete additives. Based on the critical evaluation, replacing aggregate with CBA up to 60% improves strength by 23%. Since high-quality natural sand is depleting and CBA output is increasing due to coal power plants, the concrete industry can use CBA as an aggregate. However, CBA as an aggregate substitute in UHPC has been scarcely reported. Besides, nanomaterial technologies like nano-C–S–H have also been proven to increase traditional concrete’s strength by 33%. But, their impact on UHPC has yet to be fully explored. Thus, to develop UHPC with a lower carbon footprint and comparable or better performance to market-available UHPC, further research on CBA as aggregate replacement in UHPC with nano-C–S–H as an additive on mechanical durability and microstructure is needed.
A helyi termékekkel kapcsolatos fogyasztói elvárások összehasonlító vizsgálata
Authors: T. Nagy-Pető Dorka , Szakály Zoltán , Kiss Virág Ágnes
Published: June 2023

A tanulmány célja

Napjainkban a helyi gazdaságok támogatását célzó kampányok és az etnocentrikus gondolkodás erősödése figyelhető meg világszinten, amit a pandémia csak továbberősített. A rövid ellátási láncok és a helyi termékek a fenntartható fogyasztás szempontjából is felértékelődtek, és a közbeszédben is egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kapnak. Kutatásaink keretében arra kerestük a választ, hogy mit tekintenek a magyar vásárlók helyi terméknek és származását tekintve, milyen elvárásaik vannak ezekkel szemben.

Alkalmazott módszertan

Az alapkutatást 2019-ben végeztük (N=500), majd megismételtük 2021-ben (N=1000) mindkét esetben egy-egy reprezentatív, országos mintán. A minták mindkét alkalommal nemre, korra, településtípusra és régióra nézve reprezentatívak voltak. A mintavétel során az egyes régiókban és a kijelölt településeken az ún. véletlen séta (random walking) elvét alkalmaztuk, amely teljes véletlenszerűséget biztosít a megfelelő válaszadók kiválasztásához. A felkeresett háztartásban lakó személyek közül az ún. születésnapi kulcs alkalmazásával választottuk ki az interjúra megfelelő személyt.

Legfontosabb eredmények

Az összehasonlítás alapján kijelenthető, hogy 2021-ben a megkérdezettek nagyobb elvárásokat támasztanak a helyi termékekkel szemben, mint 2019-ben. Ez minden szempontra igaz, de közülük is kiemelkedik a kis földrajzi távolság, a helyi munkaerő foglalkoztatása és a hagyományos termelési eljárás. A fogyasztók 2021-ben elfogadóbbak a saját és a szomszéd településről, illetve a megyéből és a régióból származó helyi termékekkel szemben, mint 2019-ben. Ennek alapján a származási távolságot is rugalmasabban kezelik, vagyis jobban elfogadják a nagyobb földrajzi távolságot.

Gyakorlati/gazdaságpolitikai javaslatokat

A leírtak alapján kijelenthető, hogy a megkérdezettek tágabban értelmezik a helyi termékek fogalmát, azokat már kevésbé csak egyetlen településre vonatkoztatják. A leírtak azt jelentik, hogy a termelők nagyobb távolságból származó termékeket is „címkézhetnek” helyinek, a döntéshozóknak pedig érdemes átgondolni a jelenlegi származási távolság kritériumát.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Patterns, Processes, and Indicators of Change in Long-Term Psychotherapy
Authors: Ronningstam Elsa , Weinberg Igor
Published: June 2023

Change in treatment of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) has been considered difficult to attain. Aspects of narcissistic pathology, including interpersonal enhancement, avoidance, aggressivity, and control, have contributed to challenges in forming a therapeutic alliance and pursuing treatment towards attainable goals for change and remission. This study, based on a qualitative review of therapists’ case reports of individual psychotherapy with eight patients diagnosed with NPD, is the first to identify and explore patterns, processes, and indicators of change in pathological narcissism. All patients showed significant improvement in personality and life functioning, including engagement in work or education and long-term close relationships, with remission of the NPD diagnosis. The process of change was gradual, with some noticeable changes occurring in specific life contexts. Additional factors indicating and contributing to change included patients’ motivation and commitment to psychotherapy, reflective ability, emotion regulation, sense of agency, and interpersonal and social engagement.
Network Communications Flexibly Predict Visual Contents That Enhance Representations for Faster Visual Categorization
Authors: Yan Yuening , Zhan Jiayu , Ince Robin A. A. , Schyns Philippe G.
Published: June 2023

Models of visual cognition generally assume that brain networks predict the contents of a stimulus to facilitate its subsequent categorization. However, understanding prediction and categorization at a network level has remained challenging, partly because we need to reverse engineer their information processing mechanisms from the dynamic neural signals. Here, we used connectivity measures that can isolate the communications of a specific content to reconstruct these network mechanisms in each individual participant (N= 11, both sexes). Each was cued to the spatial location (left vs right) and contents [low spatial frequency (LSF) vs high spatial frequency (HSF)] of a predicted Gabor stimulus that they then categorized. Using each participant's concurrently measured MEG, we reconstructed networks that predict and categorize LSF versus HSF contents for behavior. We found that predicted contents flexibly propagate top down from temporal to lateralized occipital cortex, depending on task demands, under supervisory control of prefrontal cortex. When they reach lateralized occipital cortex, predictions enhance the bottom-up LSF versus HSF representations of the stimulus, all the way from occipital-ventral-parietal to premotor cortex, in turn producing faster categorization behavior. Importantly, content communications are subsets (i.e., 55–75%) of the signal-to-signal communications typically measured between brain regions. Hence, our study isolates functional networks that process the information of cognitive functions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAn enduring cognitive hypothesis states that our perception is partly influenced by the bottom-up sensory input but also by top-down expectations. However, cognitive explanations of the dynamic brain networks mechanisms that flexibly predict and categorize the visual input according to task-demands remain elusive. We addressed them in a predictive experimental design by isolating the network communications of cognitive contents from all other communications. Our methods revealed a Prediction Network that flexibly communicates contents from temporal to lateralized occipital cortex, with explicit frontal control, and an occipital-ventral-parietal-frontal Categorization Network that represents more sharply the predicted contents from the shown stimulus, leading to faster behavior. Our framework and results therefore shed a new light of cognitive information processing on dynamic brain activity.
The CUL4B‐based E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates mitosis and brain development by recruiting phospho‐specific DCAFs
Authors: Stier Anna , Gilberto Samuel , Mohamed Weaam I , Royall Lars N , Helenius Jonne , Mikicic Ivan , Sajic Tatjana , Beli Petra , Müller Daniel J , Jessberger Sebastian , Peter Matthias
Published: June 2023

The paralogs CUL4A and CUL4B assemble cullin‐RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes regulating multiple chromatin‐associated cellular functions. Although they are structurally similar, we found that the unique N‐terminal extension of CUL4B is heavily phosphorylated during mitosis, and the phosphorylation pattern is perturbed in the CUL4B‐P50L mutation causing X‐linked intellectual disability (XLID). Phenotypic characterization and mutational analysis revealed that CUL4B phosphorylation is required for efficient progression through mitosis, controlling spindle positioning and cortical tension. While CUL4B phosphorylation triggers chromatin exclusion, it promotes binding to actin regulators and to two previously unrecognized CUL4B‐specific substrate receptors (DCAFs), LIS1 and WDR1. Indeed, co‐immunoprecipitation experiments and biochemical analysis revealed that LIS1 and WDR1 interact with DDB1, and their binding is enhanced by the phosphorylated N‐terminal domain of CUL4B. Finally, a human forebrain organoid model demonstrated that CUL4B is required to develop stable ventricular structures that correlate with onset of forebrain differentiation. Together, our study uncovers previously unrecognized DCAFs relevant for mitosis and brain development that specifically bind CUL4B, but not the CUL4B‐P50L patient mutant, by a phosphorylation‐dependent mechanism.
Aberrant DNA N6‐methyladenine incorporation via adenylate kinase 1 is suppressed by ADAL deaminase‐dependent 2′‐deoxynucleotide pool sanitation
Authors: Chen Shaokun , Lai Weiyi , Li Yanan , Liu Yan , Jiang Jie , Li Xiangjun , Jiang Guibin , Wang Hailin
Published: June 2023

Intracellular decay of N6‐methyladenine (m6A)‐containing RNA potentially induces aberrant N6‐methyl‐2′‐adenine (6mdA) misincorporation into DNA. Biophysically, misincorporated 6mdA may destabilize the DNA duplex in a manner similar to bona fide methylated 6mdA DNA, thereby affecting DNA replication and transcription. Utilizing heavy stable isotope labeling and ultrasensitive UHPLC–MS/MS assay, we demonstrate that intracellular m6A‐RNA decay does not generate free 6mdA species, nor lead to any misincorporated DNA 6mdA in most mammalian cell lines tested, unveiling the existence of a sanitation mechanism that prevents 6mdA misincorporation. Depletion of deaminase ADAL increases the levels of free 6mdA species, concomitant with the presence of DNA‐misincorporated 6mdA resulting from intracellular RNA m6A decay, suggesting that ADAL catabolizes 6mdAMP in vivo. Furthermore, we show that the overexpression of adenylate kinase 1 (AK1) promotes 6mdA misincorporation, while AK1 knockdown diminishes 6mdA incorporation, in ADAL‐deficient cells. We conclude that ADAL together with other factors (such as MTH1) contributes to 2′‐deoxynucleotide pool sanitation in most cells but compromised sanitation (e.g., in NIH3T3 cells) and increased AK1 expression may facilitate aberrant 6mdA incorporation. This sanitation mechanism may provide a framework for the maintenance of the epigenetic 6mdA landscape.
Bearing Capacity of Footing on Soft Clay Strengthened by Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Raft
Authors: Zukri Ir. Dr. Azhani
Published: June 2023

This research represents an investigation into the effectiveness of replacement methods to increase the bearing capacity of soft clays under footing load, where Light Expanded Clay aggregates (LECA) were used as a substitute for common aggregate fillers. The soil replacement technique is the easiest and cheapest way to improve soft soil compared to installing a raft footing or using a deep foundation such as piles. LECA is known to be light, strong and environmentally sustainable and is widely used in Geotechnical applications where weight is an issue. The bearing capacity of the footing on soft soil reinforced by LECA was analysed through finite element analysis using commercial software PLAXIS 3D (2020). The soft ground is represented by Hardening Soil (HS) constitutive model, while LECA has been modelled as Mohr-Coulomb (MC). Parametric studies were conducted to assess the effect of LECA raft thickness to bearing capacity improvement for various friction angles of LECA. The research found that the bearing capacity is directly proportional to the internal friction angle of LECA and the LECA raft thickness. Nevertheless, the bearing capacity appears to be almost linear when 2.5 m and 3.5 m thick LECA rafts are used, indicating that the depth of replacement ratio more than 25% give insignificant effect towards improvement ratio.
Enzymatic Analysis and Characterization of Bromelain from Two Varieties of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Fruit and Stem Extracts
Authors: Ramli Aizi Nor Mazila , Munir N.
Published: June 2023

This study was designed to examine the presence of enzymatic activity of fruit and stem bromelain extracted from two varieties of pineapple (Ananas comosus): Morris and Sarawak. The bromelain crude extract obtained from fruits and stems were tested for their protein content via Bradford’s assay, and both crude extract from Morris variety showed the highest value. Further analysis was done to investigate the proteolytic activity of the crude fruit and stem bromelain, resulting in Morris variety having the highest activity for fruit bromelain, while Sarawak variety having the highest activity for stem bromelain. The Gelatin Digestion Unit (GDU) analysis performed revealed both fruit and stem bromelain from Morris variety exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, the temperature optimization showed that both fruit bromelain of Morris and Sarawak varieties were optimum at 35 ℃, while stem bromelain from both pineapple varieties were optimum at 45 ℃. Meanwhile, the optimum value of the pH for Sarawak variety extract of fruit and stem bromelain were found at pH 5.6, while Morris variety were optimum at pH 6.6. These results indicated both varieties of pineapple extracts of fruits and stems were having bromelain enzyme that can be further developed for application at industrial level.
Prediction of US airline passenger satisfaction using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Aileen Chun Yueng Hong  , KHAW KHAI WAH , XINYING CHEW  , WAI CHUNG YEONG
Published: June 2023

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. financial system and economy have also been severely affected. The U.S. airline industry has been hit particularly hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the aviation industry is also full of competition. One of the ways to attract customers and compete with other airline companies is by improving their service quality. Therefore, this study aims to predict the satisfaction of airlines based on the machine learning model and discover which features are more correlated with the target variable. In this study, the dataset consists of 129,880 observations and 1 target, 22 features or attributes (not including the identification). In this study, the result showed that the features that slightly correlate more with customer satisfaction are 'Online boarding', 'Inflight entertainment', 'Seat comfort', 'On-board service', 'Leg room service', 'Cleanliness', 'Flight Distance' and 'Inflight wifi service'. Then, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB) and AdaBoost were used to build the classification models. Data cleaning, exploratory data analysis, feature selection and One Hot Encoding were also performed before building the models. Finally, the models were evaluated based on their accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The results suggest that the champion model for this study is Random Forest, which achieved 89.20% accuracy, 93.04% precision and 88.80% F1-score. The results of this study can be used as a guide in applying machine learning to predict the satisfaction of airline passengers. This can also contribute to attracting passengers by improving the airline service quality.