bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Processes—A Review
Authors: Mohammad Sharifah , Baidurah Siti , Kobayashi Takaomi , Ismail Norli , Leh Cheu Peng
Published: April 2021

Ponding system or land application techniques are widely used at industrial scale to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) prior to discharge to the environment. POME is considered as one of the major problems that has generated voluminously from the palm oil industries. The main purpose of this article is to organize the scattered available information on various aspects and a wide range of promising current POME treatments including biological microorganisms, physicochemical methods of coagulation, and membrane and thermochemical process. In addition, the integrated system of anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB), which has been touted as highly efficient with easy control at acceptable temperature range and shorter treatment time, has potential to be exploited for POME treatment. The main influencing factors for IAAB POME treatment are highlighted as outstanding characteristics for challenges and future prospects.
Seismic Applications of Downhole DAS
Authors: Lellouch Ariel , Biondi Biondo L.
Published: April 2021

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is gaining vast popularity in the industrial and academic sectors for a variety of studies. Its spatial and temporal resolution is ever helpful, but one of the primary benefits of DAS is the ability to install fibers in boreholes and record seismic signals in depth. With minimal operational disruption, a continuous sampling along the trajectory of the borehole is made possible. Such resolution is highly challenging to obtain with conventional downhole tools. This review article summarizes different seismic uses, passive and active, of downhole DAS. We emphasize current DAS limitations and potential ways to overcome them.
Channel Modeling of an Optical Wireless Body Sensor Network for Walk Monitoring of Elderly
Authors: Kaba Alassane , Sahuguede Stephanie , Julien-Vergonjanne Anne
Published: April 2021

The growing aging of the world population is leading to an aggravation of diseases, which affect the autonomy of the elderly. Wireless body sensor networks (WBSN) are part of the solutions studied for several years to monitor and prevent loss of autonomy. The use of optical wireless communications (OWC) is seen as an alternative to radio frequencies, relevant when electromagnetic interference and data security considerations are important. One of the main challenges in this context is optical channel modeling for efficiently designing high-reliability systems. We propose here a suitable optical WBSN channel model for tracking the elderly during a walk. We discuss the specificities related to the model of the body, to movements, and to the walking speed by comparing elderly and young models, taking into account the walk temporal evolution using the sliding windowing technique. We point out that, when considering a young body model, performance is either overestimated or underestimated, depending on which windowing parameter is fixed. It is, therefore, important to consider the body model of the elderly in the design of the system. To illustrate this result, we then evaluate the minimal power according to the maximal bandwidth for a given quality of service.
Design and Experimental Characterization of a Discovery and Tracking System for Optical Camera Communications
Authors: Mederos-Barrera Antonio , Jurado-Verdu Cristo , Guerra Victor , Rabadan Jose , Perez-Jimenez Rafael
Published: April 2021

Visible light communications (VLC) technology is emerging as a candidate to meet the demand for interconnected devices’ communications. However, the costs of incorporating specific hardware into end-user devices slow down its market entry. Optical camera communication (OCC) technology paves the way by reusing cameras as receivers. These systems have generally been evaluated under static conditions, in which transmitting sources are recognized using computationally expensive discovery algorithms. In vehicle-to-vehicle networks and wearable devices, tracking algorithms, as proposed in this work, allow one to reduce the time required to locate a moving source and hence the latency of these systems, increasing the data rate by up to 2100%. The proposed receiver architecture combines discovery and tracking algorithms that analyze spatial features of a custom RGB LED transmitter matrix, highlighted in the scene by varying the cameras’ exposure time. By using an anchor LED and changing the intensity of the green LED, the receiver can track the light source with a slow temporal deterioration. Moreover, data bits sent over the red and blue channels do not significantly affect detection, hence transmission occurs uninterrupted. Finally, a novel experimental methodology to evaluate the evolution of the detection’s performance is proposed. With the analysis of the mean and standard deviation of novel K parameters, it is possible to evaluate the detected region-of-interest scale and centrality against the transmitter source’s ideal location.
Surface-Mounted Bare and Packaged Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Measuring Rock Strain in Uniaxial Testing
Authors: Isah Balarabe Wada , Mohamad Hisham
Published: April 2021

The paper explores the possibility of using high-resolution fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology for on-specimen strain measurement in the laboratory. The approach provides a means to assess the surface deformation of the specimen, both the axial and radial, through a chain of FBG sensor (C-FBG), in a basic setup of a uniaxial compression test. The method is cost-effective, straightforward and can be commercialized. Two C-FBG; one was applied directly to the sample (FBGBare), and the other was packaged (FBGPack) for ease of application. The approach measures the local strain with high-resolution and accuracy levels that match up to the existing local strain measuring sensors. The approach enables the evaluation of small-strain properties of the specimen intelligently. The finite element model analysis deployed has proven the adaptability of the technique for measuring material deformation. The adhesive thickness and packaging technique have been shown to influence the sensitivity of the FBG sensors. Owing to the relative ease and low-cost of instrumentation, the suggested method has a great potential to be routinely applied for elemental testing in the laboratory.
Fortified Cold-Pressed Oils: The Effect on Sensory Quality and Functional Properties
Authors: Tauferova Alexandra , Dordevic Dani , Jancikova Simona , Tremlova Bohuslava , Kulawik Piotr
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to monitor sensory quality, stability, selected nutritionally interesting properties and their changes in cold-pressed oil blends after fortification with chia and sesame seeds and seed oils during repeated thermal treatments. Rapeseed (cv. Sidney) and sunflower (cv. Velox) seeds from the Czech Republic were used to produce cold-pressed oils, which were fortified with chia and sesame seeds and seed oils in the concentrations of 1% and 5%. In all oil blends, sensory evaluation (quantitative descriptive analysis and hedonic analysis) and chemical analyses (oxidation degree, hydrolytic stability, chlorophyll and carotenoid content) were carried out in order to perform separation of samples degraded by thermal treatment. Assessors representing consumers were able to differentiate between individual thermal treatments from the viewpoint of pleasantness. Interestingly, the overall pleasantness of all fortified oil samples was still acceptable until the second thermal treatment. On the other hand, the results of the study emphasized the problematic oxidation degree of cold-pressed oil blends. The fortification of cold-pressed oils with chia and sesame seeds and oils did not unambiguously lead to better stability during thermal treatment. The application of elevated temperatures during the culinary use of these types of products should be limited to only one thermal treatment since sensory and chemical changes occur after repeated heating.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Water Flow and Quality in the Sanyang Wetland, China: Implications for Environmental Restoration
Authors: Ban Jingya , Ling Bing , Huang Wei , Liu Xiaobo , Peng Wenqi , Zhang Jianmin
Published: April 2021

Spatiotemporal modeling of wetland environments’ hydrodynamics and water quality characteristics is key to understanding and managing these ecologically important areas’ physical and environmental properties. We developed a two-dimensional numerical model based on the MIKE 21 module to analyze flow and pollution dynamics in the island-dominated Sanyang wetland of eastern China. Three simulation periods representing annual precipitation cycles were used to model freshwater discharge and water quality in the wetland. The results showed that the flow velocity in the study area had hydrodynamic characteristics typical of such a setting, with an average monthly flow velocity ranging from 0.01 to 0.04 m/s, contributing to an increased risk of serious eutrophication. The water quality problems (represented by ammonia nitrogen, NH3-N, and total phosphorus, TP, levels) peaked during the early summer peak rain season, followed by a gradual decline during a later flood period and the lowest values during the fall/winter dry period. Moreover, the spatial distribution of NH3-N and TP levels decreased from northwest to east, reflecting the influence of a highly polluted source. Our results provide a useful context for restoration efforts in the Sanyang wetland and other similar areas.
Continuous Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal: Recent Advances on Catalysts, Processes, and Industrial Perspectives
Authors: Corrêa Isabella , Faria Rui P. V. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: April 2021

With the global biodiesel production growing as never seen before, encouraged by government policies, fiscal incentives, and emissions laws to control air pollution, there has been the collateral effect of generating massive amounts of crude glycerol, a by-product from the biodiesel industry. The positive effect of minimizing CO2 emissions using biofuels is jeopardized by the fact that the waste generated by this industry represents an enormous environmental disadvantage. The strategy of viewing “waste as a resource” led the scientific community to propose numerous processes that use glycerol as raw material. Solketal, the product of the reaction of glycerol and acetone, stands out as a promising fuel additive capable of enhancing fuel octane number and oxidation stability, diminishing particle emissions and gum formation, and enhancing properties at low temperatures. The production of this chemical can rely on several of the Green Chemistry principles, besides fitting the Circular Economy Model, once it can be reinserted in the biofuel production chain. This paper reviews the recent advances in solketal production, focusing on continuous production processes and on Process Intensification strategies. The performance of different catalysts under various operational conditions is summarized and the proposed industrial solketal production processes are compared.
Quantum State Evolution in an Environment of Cosmological Perturbations
Authors: Haba Zbigniew
Published: April 2021

We study the pure and thermal states of quantized scalar and tensor perturbations in various epochs of Universe evolution. We calculate the density matrix of non-relativistic particles in an environment of these perturbations. We show that particle’s motion can be described by a stochastic equation with a noise coming from the cosmological environment. We investigate the squeezing of Gaussian wave packets in different epochs and its impact on the noise of quantized cosmological perturbations.
Correlation of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) between Sows and Piglets and Evaluation of Protectability Associated with Maternally Derived NAbs in Pigs against Circulating Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under Field Conditions
Authors: Hsueh Fu-Chun , Wang Sheng-Yuan , Lin Wei-Hao , Lin Chuen-Fu , Tsai Chen-Yu , Huang Chin-Wen , Sun Ning , Chiou Ming-Tang , Lin Chao-Nan
Published: April 2021

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by a highly transmissible pathogen called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), has caused severe problems, including reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory symptoms in nursery pigs worldwide, since the early 1990s. However, currently available PRRSV vaccines do not supply complete immunity to confront the viral infection. Elicitation of PRRSV-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during the preinfectious period has been deemed to be a feasible strategy to modulate this virus, especially in farms where nursery pigs are seized with PRRSVs. A total of 180 piglets in a farrow-to-finish farm that had a natural outbreak of PRRS were distributed into three groups based on the different PRRSV NAbs levels in their dams. In the present study, piglets that received superior maternal-transferred NAbs showed delayed and relatively slight viral loads in serum and, on the whole, higher survival rates against wild PRRSV infections. A positive correlation of maternal NAbs between sows and their piglets was identified; moreover, high NAbs titers in piglets can last for at least 4 weeks. These results provide updated information to develop an appropriate immune strategy for breeding and for future PRRSV control under field conditions.
An Experimental Study on the Influence of Drastically Varying Discharge Ratios on Bed Topography and Flow Structure at Urban Channel Confluences
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Lin Yuqing
Published: April 2021

The confluences of rivers are important nodes for energy conversion and material transport in the river network. A slight morphological alteration of the confluences may trigger the “butterfly effect”, which will bring about changes in the ecology and environment of the entire river network. During the transition period of the wet and dry seasons, the variation of discharge ratio will make the originally balanced river bed change again, which will bring a series of follow-up effects. This research mainly studied the features of water flow itself and results showed that the variation of discharge ratio caused secondary erosion of the balanced bed surface and transported the sediment downstream. Thus, the zone of maximum velocity was enlarged and the maximum flow velocity at the equal discharge was reduced, and more intense vortex and turbulence were generated. The lateral velocity, vertical velocity, and turbulent structure were mainly controlled by the quantity and ratio of the discharge, and the varying topography only played a minor role in local areas. Nowadays, some scholars have been studying the combination of flow field features and various environmental substances and biological habitats, and the basic work done in this article has laid the foundation for these studies.
Psychiatric Partial Hospitalization Programs: Following World Health Organization Guidelines with a Special Focus on Women with Delusional Disorder
Authors: González-Rodríguez Alexandre , Alvarez Aida , Guàrdia Armand , Penadés Rafael , Monreal José Antonio , Palao Diego J. , Labad Javier , Seeman Mary V.
Published: April 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) developed a 7-year Mental Health Action Plan in 2013, which recommends integration of health and social care services into community-based settings, implementation of strategies for health promotion and prevention of illness, and support of research. In this review, we highlight partial hospitalization programs (PHPs) for delusional disorder (DD), with a special focus on the health and psychosocial needs of women. We suggest that PHPs are, in many ways, ideal settings for carrying out WHO recommendations. PHPs are multidisciplinary and consequently are able to provide a wide range of flexible program offerings. Programming in PHPs is able to address, with proven efficacy, individual needs, such as those presented by women at the various stages of their reproductive life. PHPs are a community bridge between hospital and outpatient services and can quickly adapt to specific needs as affected by gender, but also by age and cultural origins. They are ideal settings for professional training and for conducting clinical research. PHPs operate on the principle of shared decision making, and thus more readily than many other treatment sites, engaging difficult-to-treat patients, such as those with DD, by successfully establishing long-term relationships of trust.
Galios santykiai ir religinės praktikos reabilitacijos institucijoje: priklausomų asmenų identiteto kaita
Authors: Mieliauskaitė Živilė
Published: April 2021

Power Relationship and Religious Practices in the Rehabilitation Institution: The Change in the Identity of Dependent People

The prevalence of addictions encourages a response to the many addicts outside the borders of functioning society. Rejection and other experiences construct the identity of dependent people as a group, and there also exists the identity of dependents as individuals. This article aims to reveal the mechanisms used in a rehabilitation institution for the transformation of addicts: how power relations and the influence of religion used during rehabilitation change the identity of addicts to an identity of recovering addicts. The paper draws on data from fieldwork conducted in 2018 and 2019 in a Lithuanian addiction rehabilitation institution.

Key words: addiction, power relations, symbolic power, addicts, the identity of
recovering addicts.
Educación virtual en época de Covid-19: perspectiva de los educandos a nivel superior
Authors: Chávez Reinoso Jorge Patricio , Chávez Guevara Jorge Ernesto , Flores Andino Víctor Manuel , Guayanlema Chávez Ivonne Gabriela
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la perspectiva y comportamiento del alumnado acerca de la modalidad virtual en tiempo de pandemia  por  efecto  de la  suspensión  de  clases presenciales,  producida por el Covid-19. El estudio  fue  descriptivo, transversal, de campo, documental y bibliográfico; con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el 60% de los estudiantes estaban preparados desde el punto de vista educativo para enfrentar esta crisis, en cuanto a equipos tecnológicos se utilizaron en mayor porcentaje los computadores portátiles y de escritorio, la calidad del uso del internet estuvo entre bueno y regular, entre las actividades académicas realizadas resaltaron las clases virtuales, los trabajos grupales y el sistema teams fue el más usado para el dictado de clases. Se concluye que mediante la educación virtual no se lograron buenos resultados en cuanto al proceso de formación educativa, el nivel de enseñanza de los docentes y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes disminuyó comparando las etapas antes y durante la pandemia.
La mediación educativa como estrategia para la justicia cognitiva de comunidades y territorios de latinoamérica
Authors: Navarrete Ávila Marco Antonio
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es generar un espacio de cuestionamiento crítico sobre las prácticas educativas y el rol de educadores, terapeutas, y comunidades como mediadores de aprendizajes significativos de comunidades con Diversidad Funcional Intelectual. Como estrategia metodológica se planteó una triangulación de resultados de investigación frente a nuevos referentes bibliográficos, y mediante una socialización vía digital. La inclusión de adultos con diversidad funcional en Chile y Latinoamérica es confusa y presenta incrustado un modelo obsoleto (énfasis en rehabilitación).  Los mediadores del presente deben considerar la Teoría de Aprendizaje Mediado como estrategia socioeducativa para considerar la desarrollo del infinito potencial del ser humano. La investigación, y otros procesos asociados a la construcción de conocimientos sociales, requiere a su vez una actualización en sus estrategias y métodos, desde lo cual se sugiere un abordaje mediante la perspectiva de las Epistemologías del Sur.
Interações não covalentes entre SI-PPCs e biomoléculas: um estudo por simulações de dinâmica molecular
Authors:   , Rosa Nathália Magalhães Paixão
Published: April 2021

Vários estudos com complexos polinucleares de platina (II) inertes para substituição (SI-PPC) têm sido sintetizados nos últimos anos devido à forma de ligação ao DNA apresentada por esses compostos. Esse novo tipo de coordenação é obtido pelo reconhecimento molecular por meio da formação de estruturas não covalentes, comumente chamadas de grampos e garfos de fosfato, que geram pequenas alterações dos sulcos maior e menor do DNA. Esses compostos têm apresentado também, alta capacidade de inibir o processo de metástase através da interação com outras biomoléculas que contém grupos sulfatos, como os glicosaminoglicanos, estabilizando tais grupos e inibindo a atividade de enzimas que estão relacionadas com o processo de angiogênese e consequentemente, o processo de metástase. Neste trabalho, usamos simulações de dinâmica molecular (DM) para estudar a formação dessas estruturas cíclicas entre diferentes SI-PPCs e biomoléculas. Os resultados mostraram a influência do complexo através do número de grampos e garfos de fosfato formados. Com base na caracterização conformacional dos fragmentos de DNA, mostramos que os SI-PPCs estudados interagem preferencialmente no sulco menor, exceto por dois deles, monoplatinNC e AH44. Os fosfatos dos pares citosina-guanina (C-G) são os principais locais para essas interações não-covalentes. Por outro lado, este trabalho apresenta diversas análises das interações não-covalentes formadas entre uma molécula de heparina (código PDB: 1HPN) e SI-PPCs obtidas através de simulações de dinâmica molecular. Os resultados das análises de posições atômicas mostraram que os complexos diplatinNC e AH44, ambos complexos carregados com carga 6+, foram os mais rígidos. Por outro lado, uma análise de flutuação atômica mostrou que há uma redução na flutuação dos átomos na região central da molécula de heparina, assim como a análise da área de superfície acessível ao solvente (SASA) indica uma redução na área acessível da heparina pelo solvente ao interagir com SI-PPCs. A avaliação das ligações de hidrogênio confirma a formação de ligações não covalentes, o que pode sugerir uma diminuição da ação do 1HPN impedindo a ação das enzimas sobre este substrato. Pelo que sabemos, este trabalho é o primeiro relacionado a SI-PPCs que traz simulações de DM e uma análise completa das interações nãocovalentes com diferentes biomoléculas.
Living Organ Donor Perspectives and Sources of Hesitancy about COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Harhay Meera N. , Klassen Ann C. , Zaidi Hasan , Mittelman Michael , Bertha Rebecca , Mannon Roslyn B. , Lentine Krista L.
Published: April 2021

Key Points

Compared with other sources of information, donors who prefer medical and public health information sources are more likely to accept a vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Donors who rely on medical and public health information are likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, regardless of their flu vaccine history

Donors not accepting of a COVID-19 vaccine are likely to question the long-term safety and benefits of vaccination for healthy people

Background

Living organ donation declined substantially in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic due to concerns about donor and transplant candidate safety. COVID-19 vaccines might increase confidence in the safety of living organ donation during the pandemic. We assessed informational preferences and perspectives about COVID-19 vaccines among US living organ donors and prospective donors.

Methods

We conducted a national survey study of organ donors and prospective donors on social media platforms between December 28, 2020 and February 23, 2021. Survey items included multiple choice, visual analogue scale, and open-ended responses. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations between information preferences, history of COVID-19 infection, influenza vaccination history, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, and performed a thematic analysis of open-ended responses.

Results

Among 342 respondents from 47 US states and the District of Columbia, 35% were between 51 and 70 years old, 90% were non-Hispanic White, 87% were women, 82% were living donors (94% kidney), and 18% were in evaluation to donate (75% kidney). The majority planned to, or had, received a COVID-19 vaccination (77%), whereas 11% did not plan to receive a vaccine, and 12% were unsure. Adjusting for demographics and donor characteristics, respondents who receive yearly influenza vaccinations had higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance than those who do not (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.06; 95% CI, 2.68 to 9.53). Compared with respondents who prioritized medical information sources (e.g., personal physicians and transplant providers), those who prioritized news and social media had lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (aOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.73). Low perceived personal benefit from vaccination and uncertainty about long-term safety were common themes among those declining COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusions

Donor information-source preferences were strongly associated with the likelihood of accepting a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine guidance for organ donors who are unsure about COVID-19 vaccines could incorporate messaging about safety and benefits of vaccination for healthy people.
Evolution of Vascular Access Use among Incident Patients during the First Year on Hemodialysis: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Hussein Wael F. , Ahmed Gasim , Browne Leonard D. , Plant William D. , Stack Austin G.
Published: April 2021

Background

Although the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) confers superior benefits over central venous catheters (CVCs), utilization rates remain low among prevalent patients on hemodialysis (HD). The goal of this study was to determine the evolution of vascular access type in the first year of dialysis and identify factors associated with conversion from CVC to a functioning AVF.

Methods

We studiedadult patients (n=610) who began HD between the January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016 and were treated for at least 90 days, using data from the National Kidney Disease Clinical Patient Management System in the Irish health system. Prevalence of vascular access type was determined at days 90 and 360 after dialysis initiation and at 30-day intervals. Multivariable logistic regression explored factors associated with CVC at day 90, and Cox regression evaluated predictors of conversion from CVC to AVF on day 360.

Results

CVC use was present in 77% of incident patients at day 90, with significant variation across HD centers (from 63% to 91%, P<0.001), which persisted after case-mix adjustment. From day 90 to day 360, AVF use increased modestly from 23% to 41%. Conversion from CVC to AVF increased over time, but the likelihood was lower for older patients (for age >77 years versus referent, adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.96), for patients with a lower BMI (per unit decrease in BMI, HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.98), and varied significantly across HD centers (from an HR of 0.25 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.74] to 2.09 [95% CI, 1.04 to 4.18]).

Conclusion

CVCs are the predominant type of vascular access observed during the first year of dialysis, with low conversion rates from CVC to AVF. There is substantial center variation in the Irish health system that is not explained by patient-related factors alone.
Razão, raça e descolonialidade, exigências atuais para velhas questões:
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Gilberto , Ayres Gonzaga Jorge Luis
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo recolocar o debate sobre a ideia de raça que aliada à noção de razão, permite compreender o processo de usurpação de povos, culturas e bens daqueles que sofreram a experiência da colonização, igualmente realizam-se algumas aproximações ao campo da educação tomando a perspectiva descolonial como propulsora para a reflexão. Busca-se nos aportes e contribuições teóricas que se nutrem da ideia de de(s) colonialidade para amparar as análises. Estes aportes, ainda que relativamente recentes, possibilitam produzir deslocamentos geoepistêmicos e recolocar aspectos históricos na ênfase que merecem. Portanto, defende-se a ideia da necessidade de um revisitar da educação desde o ponto de vista mais amplo até o investimento em estudos e propostas que viabilizem a produção de conhecimentos outros, coadunados com a realidade dos povos e culturas próprios da Abya Yala.
Etnografía multiescalar de la política educativa en contextos interculturales
Authors: Márquez Escamilla H. Betzabé , Rodríguez Domínguez Emanuel
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo reflexiona los cambios experimentados en la etnografía de la educación indígena en México, a partir de la implementación de políticas públicas que ya no están constreñidas por el andamiaje jurídico-político del Estado, ya que su diseño, operación y evaluación están matizados por una compleja red de actores con intereses divergentes que se mueven en diversos ámbitos del campo educativo. Mediante una propuesta metodológica etnográfica que ensambla las interpretaciones de los contextos estructurales de la política educativa (escala macro), con las prácticas e imaginarios que los actores sociales producen en los entornos locales de aplicación (escala micro), se explican las múltiples traducciones e intermediaciones que modifican sus diseños normativos y dan paso a proyectos autogestivos de educación intercultural-bilingüe, los cuales tienen una relación ambivalente con las estructuras estatales.
Wordform as the main basis for analysis of natural language text
Authors: Antonov S.G.
Published: April 2021

In the article discuss the application aspects of wordforms of natural language text for decision the mistakes correction problem. Discuss the merits and demerits of two known approaches for decision – deterministic and based on probabilities/ Construction principles of natural language corpus described, wich apply in probability approach. Declare conclusion about necessity of complex using these approaches in dependence on properties of texts.
Connectivity and routes in large geometric network hypergraphs
Authors: Mikov A.I. , Mikov A.A.
Published: April 2021

Random geometric hypergraphs are considered as mathematical models of large wireless computer networks. The dependences of the mathematical expectation of the number of hyper-edges in random geometric hypergraphs on the radii of reliable reception / transmission of radio signals by network nodes, as well as on the number of vertices in the hyper- graph are studied. The concepts of the shortest route in a geometric hypergraph are discussed. Calculations of the probabil- ity of connectivity of large random geometric hypergraphs, the mathematical expectation of the diameter of hypergraphs and its change with a change in the radii of the nodes are carried out. The presentation of the results is accompanied by graphs.
Mobile learning software in the educational process
Authors: Nagaeva I.A. , Frolov A.B. , Kuznetsov I.A.
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the announced subject consists in identification of m-learning opportunities in educational process. The purpose of m-learning – to make educational process flexible, available and personalized. M-learning represents innovative means for new generation of trainees.
Interrupción Escolar y Arreglos Familiares: Aportes a los Estudios de Deserción Escolar Desde el Análisis de la Relación Familia-Escuela
Authors: Olivera Rodríguez Inés
Published: April 2021

La literatura sobre exclusión social e inequidad en los estudios sobre educación ha evidenciado, desde diferentes puntos de análisis, cómo los sectores populares son excluidos del sistema de diversas formas, estando la mayoría de las explicaciones asociada a las condiciones económicas de las familias. No obstante, estudios de la última década, desde la sociología de la educación, evidencian que, dentro de grupos en similares condiciones económicas, diversos resultados escolares son posibles. En este marco, la pregunta que ocupa al presente estudio es la siguiente: ¿por qué algunos/ as jóvenes que viven en contextos aparentemente similares logran continuar en el sistema escolar mientras otros lo abandonan?
De Voces y Silencios. Escrituras y Reflexiones en torno a la Indagación de los Aprendizajes de Jóvenes Alumnos en Distintos Contextos
Authors: Pérez Andrea , Cimolai Silvina , Lucas Julia
Published: April 2021

El artículo reflexiona a partir de dos líneas de trabajo desarrolladas por un programa de investigación en curso en la Argentina: por un lado, se interesa por conocer las particularidades que adoptan los aprendizajes que los estudiantes construyen en contextos escolares y extraescolares; por otro lado, se interesa por destacar las voces de los estudiantes de acuerdo con una tradición teórico-metodológica que intenta posicionarlos activamente en lo que respecta a las investigaciones educativas. A partir de un abordaje cualitativo y, en particular, de algunos recursos propios de los enfoques etnográficos, se propuso a los estudiantes de una escuela secundaria la realización conjunta de un “diario de aprendizajes”. Las sensaciones, emociones y reflexiones, pero, en particular, las voces y los silencios de los estudiantes, pasaron a un primer plano, para ponerse en juego en tanto aspectos clave de los procesos de aprendizaje escolares y extraescolares, y de la misma investigación educativa.
Medios digitales e inclusión social
Authors: Warschauer Mark , Niiya Melissa
Published: April 2021

Mientras que las desigualdades vinculadas con el acceso a la tecnología y a su uso ocupan un lugar central en la política y la práctica educativa, tanto los educadores como los gestores de política no se ponen de acuerdo en cómo definir y conceptualizar la noción de «brecha digital». Esta brecha podría ser concebida como la falta de acceso a la tecnología y como un problema que se resuelve simplemente con proveer Internet y computadoras. En la medida en que el acceso a la tecnología básica ha aumentado, la atención se ha puesto más bien en las disparidades existentes en el rango de factores que permiten que la tecnología se use de modo efectivo. En lugar de un marco tecnocéntrico, que concibe el acceso a la tecnología en sí misma como la solución a la desigualdad, este artículo utiliza conceptualizaciones críticas de la literacidad para reconceptualizar la brecha digital en términos de inclusión social a través de la tecnología. El artículo provee ejemplos de iniciativas que buscan solucionar la brecha digital en India, Irlanda, Egipto y Perú. Sobre la base de estos ejemplos e investigación, este trabajo describe un marco para usar la tecnología para la inclusión social. Dicho marco busca reorientar la discusión de la brecha digital hacia una que incluya los recursos físicos, digitales, humanos y sociales que faciliten el acceso y uso digital significativos por parte de todos.
Factores de eficacia escolar en el uso de laptops del programa OLPC
Authors: Wensjoe Micaela , Cueto Santiago , Sánchez Alan , Meléndez Guido , Namen Olga
Published: April 2021

En el presente estudio, se analizó qué factores vinculados a la provisión de laptops XO del programa «Una Laptop por Niño» (OLPC) se asocian con un mejor rendimiento de los estudiantes en comprensión de lectura, matemática, habilidades cognitivas y en la habilidad para el uso de las laptops. Los datos utilizados fueron recogidos durante la evaluación de impacto del Programa OLPC en el Perú, realizada en 2010 (Cristia, Ibarrarán, Cueto, Santiago y Severin, 2012). A partir de un modelo lineal multivariado con efectos fijos a nivel de estratos geográficos, se realizó un análisis secundario de estos datos. Este último mostró que, luego de controlar una serie de covariables, las habilidades de los docentes en el uso de las laptops es el principal predictor del rendimiento de sus alumnos en todas las áreas evaluadas. Asimismo, se encontró que la intensidad y frecuencia de uso de las laptops, tanto por parte de los alumnos como de los docentes, se asocia positivamente con sus competencias en el uso de esta herramienta.
Effect of silk sericin pre-treatment on dyeability of woollen fabric
Authors: ESER CENGIZ ONUR , YAVAS ARZU
Published: April 2021

Silk fibres consist of sericin and fibroin. 20–25% of silk fibre is sericin. Sericin is biodegradable, antibacterial, and UV
resistant. In this study, silk sericin protein was applied to wool fabric as a pre-treatment. Wool fabrics pre-treated with
silk sericin were dyed with Eriofast Red B and Eriofast Blue 3R dyestuffs. Colour and reflectance measurements of the
dyed wool samples were carried out. Washing, rubbing, light fastness properties were explored. Moreover, hydrophilicity,
nitrogen content (Kjeldahl Method), FTIR and ESCA analysis were performed on the sericin applied wool fabric samples.
Pre-treatment with sericin was found to increase the hydrophilicity level of wool fibres. Pre-treatment with silk sericin
also increased the colour yield of wool fibre dyed with Eriofast Red B and Eriofast Blue 3R. It was determined that the
wool fibre fabrics pre-treated with sericin displayed sufficient colour and colour fastness values even after dyeing at
lower dyeing temperatures.
Measuring the effectiveness of signals approach in an early warning system
for crises and its impact on textile industry: a case study for South-East Asia
Authors: NAEEM MUHAMMAD ZAHID , SPULBAR CRISTI , EJAZ ABDULLAH , BIRAU RAMONA , GORUN TIBERIU HORAȚIU , REBEGEA CRISTIAN
Published: April 2021

Following the work of Kaminsky, Lizondo, and Reinhart (1997), Signals Extraction Approach has been adopted with
some extensions for South-East Asian (SEA) region to investigate the performance of the technique as an Early Warning
System (EWS) during Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) and Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This approach is very original in
the context of investigating the impact on the dynamics of the textile industry in South-East Asia. Two additional
approaches namely Signal to Noise Balance (STNB) and Kuipers Score (KS) have also been utilised. Outcome
suggested that variables performed well both during AFC and GFC. However, predictive ability of variables was less
during GFC compared to the AFC indicating that there may exist some complex phenomenon which requires composite
statistical methods.
Respuesta social a la migración y SIDA en ciudades gemelas de la frontera México-Guatemala
Authors: Leyva Flores René , Caballero García Marta , Dreser Anahí , Guerrero Claudia , Bronfman Mario
Published: April 2021

Ciudad Hidalgo, México y Tecún Umán son comunidades fronterizas con elevada movilidad poblacional asociada a la migración hacia Estados Unidos. Los residentes de ambas localidades atribuyen a las poblaciones móviles y migrantes la violencia, la inseguridad, la prostitución y el SIDA en la comunidad. En este contexto, un conjunto de organizaciones sociales y gubernamentales dan respuesta al complejo problema de la migración y del SIDA. En este trabajo se analiza la forma de organización y coordinamiento interfronterizo, así como las acciones realizadas por las diversas instituciones de ambas comunidades. Los resultados muestran una red funcional de colaboración en el plano local e interfronterizo.
El derecho al cuidado en el abordaje de las violencias contra las mujeres en la provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors:   , Colanzi Irma Cecilia
Published: April 2021

La propuesta central de esta tesis es analizar la inclusión del derecho al cuidado en las políticas de abordaje de las violencias contra las mujeres en la provincia de Buenos Aires. En tal sentido, situaremos en esta introducción la noción de violencia considerando el marco normativo de esta provincia, y luego la definición de cuidado que será problematizada en los recorridos conceptuales realizados a lo largo de la tesis.
SELECTED THEORIES ON CRIMINALISATION OF HACKING
Authors: Mohamad Ani Munirah , Hamin Zaiton , Md Nor Mohd Zakhiri , Abdul Aziz Nurhazman
Published: April 2021

Hacking or unauthorised access is criminalised in many jurisdictions, including Malaysia, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and a few other countries. Hacking is the act of gaining access through the computer system or network without proper authority or exceeding the original authority given to him. Many commentators and researchers have reported on the conceptual and legal aspects of hacking. However, hacking's theoretical, conceptual, and legal aspects have remained under-researched. Therefore, this paper's primary objective is to outline the various theories, which could inform the criminalisation of hacking. The theories of routine activities, deterrence theory, social learning and self-control, general strain theory, and deviant subcultures are deliberated in this paper alongside illustrations within the context of hacking. This paper will shed light on the body of literature and contribute to a better understanding of hacking criminalisation from various theories discussed in this paper. Future research should be directed to provide empirical evidence of applying the theory to hacking criminalisation.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS OF GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT ISSUES IN THE ECONOMIC SECTOR IN MALAYSIA: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Rahmawati , Ahmad Nadzrah , Ali Alizah , Ismail Noraini , Mohd Asri Ira Rozana
Published: April 2021

Statistics show that the number of female students enrolled in public universities is higher than male students. However, this scenario is very different from the involvement of women in the economic sector because the statistics of women's involvement in the economic sector are low and not as high as the statistics of female student enrollment to university. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the issue of gender equality and women's empowerment according to Islamic law and the situation in Malaysia. This paper will also analyse the factors that lead to the lack of women's involvement in the economic sector in Malaysia. The discussion adopts the qualitative research method by examining the issue according to the perspective of Islamic law as well as the perspective of law and the current situation in Malaysia. This paper finds that there is still no clear mechanism that should be implemented to address the issue of gender equality. Therefore, all parties including the government and employers must be more progressive in formulating a policy system that can address the issue of gender equality and women's empowerment. In the meantime, this study also suggests that the government should follow the recommendations by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) so that the issue of gender equality can be addressed immediately.
Genomics assisted breeding: The need and current perspective for rice improvement in India
Authors: Katara Jawahar Lal , Parameswaran C , Devanna BN , Verma Ram Lakhan , Anil Kumar C , Patra BC , Samantaray Sanghamitra
Published: April 2021

With the fast increase of human population and reduction in land areas under cultivation, it is essential to breed rice varieties with higher yield potential and tolerance to multiple stresses using modern breeding technologies. Till date, a large number of rice varieties and rice hybrids have been developed in India for different ecologies. However, average rice production in India is 2600 kg/hectare. Since rice is the staple food in India and grown in ~43.86 million hectare, the present production and productivity are not sufficient enough to feed the increasing population. Therefore, it is required to develop high yielding rice varieties to feed the growing population. However, HYVs are usually amenable to various biotic and abiotic stresses for which there is a great yield loss. Besides, there is no significant increase in yield though a number of high yielding rice varieties have been developed through conventional breeding. Thus, higher genetic gain in rice is required to combat the existing situation which is only possible through advanced breeding approaches such as genomic selection, forward breeding, haplotype-based precision breeding along with genomic tools such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. This review addresses the current progress made in advanced genomic-assisted breeding and need of modern breeding technologies for rice improvement.
Potential implications of 'Farm Laws 2020' on rice marketing in India: A discussion
Authors: Mondal Biswajit , Bisen Jaiprakash , Kumar Suresh , Majumder Saddam Hossen , Mishra SK , Kumar GAK , Sinha MK , Tiwari Utkarsh , Punia Meenu
Published: April 2021

The new farm laws remain a contentious issue in the political debates and discussions from their enactment. Protests are being organised across the country for their repeal. Rice is an important crop, produced and consumed by almost every farmer in India. Hence, the issue lodges an important place in the agriculture canvas of the country. In this context, this articles makes the first attempts to discuss the commodity-specific implications of these laws. In this article, we have provided an elaborate view on the three farm laws enacted in the year 2020 namely (1) The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020; (2) Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020; and (3) Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020 and discussed their possible implications on rice marketing in India.
Non-target effect of pesticides in rice environment
Authors: Gowda G Basana , Ray Aishwarya , Adak Totan , Sahu Madhusmita , Sahu Nandini , Pandi Guru Pirasanna , Patil Naveenkumar B. , Annamalai M , Rath Prakash Chandra
Published: April 2021

Agriculture has always been affected by intractable pests. Conventional agriculture still relies on the use of several pesticides to control various pests to ensure the yield of the crop and to feed a constantly growing population. To reduce the pest menace, the fatuous behavior of people as well as a natural proclivity towards the use of pesticides in a non-judicious manner, has caused several ecological backlashes such as secondary pest outbreak, pest resurgence and non-target organism's exploitation. Effects of pesticides on non-target organisms area worldwide concern and contention are the basis for most legislation regarding usage of specific pesticides. Pesticides, besides their effect on pests, would also affect several beneficial non-targets. The effect of pesticides could be lethal and may prove catastrophic or sublethal and stimulate the growth and development of non targeted biota's. Hence, this review approaches well-analyzed hindsight regarding the effect of pesticides on the natural enemies as well as other non-target organisms present in the rice agroecosystem.
Application of Economic Analysis of Law Theory as a Basis for Courts’ Judgements in Corruption Crime Cases: (Analyst’s Decision of 45/Pid.Sus/TPK/2011/PN.BDG)
Authors: Setiawan Peter Jeremiah , Guinevere Madeleine Celandine , Alamsyah Fauzy Iskandar , Irvan Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Mastery theory of law is one of the criteria for a good court. One of the law theories currently being developed is economic analysis of law theory. One of the decisions that the judge considered was using economic analysis of law theory in making a decision is a decision of 45/Pid.Sus/TPK/2011/PN.BDG. Therefore, this article will analyze further into the decision of 45/Pid.Sus/TPK/2011/PN.BDG. This research is legal research that uses statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. Based on the research, it showed that the features of economic analysis of law theory are: 1) Focused on the philosophy of justice utilitarianism which is the fundamental concept based on felicific calculus, 2) Using the basis of consideration: a) Economic theory as a foundation for legal analysis, b) Using analysis of cost-benefit to create a law and/or c) Consideration of opportunity cost which law will be formed, and 3) Output which is achieved is wealth maximization. Related to the Decision Number Register 45/Pid.Sus/TPK/2011/PN.BDG. in fact, arguable that judges make the decision based on economic analysis of law theory because related to ratio decedendi has fulfilled 3 (three) characteristic economic analysis of law theory.