bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A redempção dos captivos virá por que faz a glória dos livres ”: Emancipação e o desejo de liberdade nos jornais pernambucanos “a República” e “a luz” na década de 1870
Authors: Germano Emanoel Da Cunha
Published: December 2020

Esse trabalho pretende abordar questões pertinentes sobre o debate da emancipação da escravidão discutidos por dois jornais republicanos na província de Pernambuco. Entre os anos 1870 a 1873, a imprensa A República e A Luz: Periódico Republicano (PE) discutiram questões relativas à problemática da instituição escravista, assim como, atuou como protagonista dos acontecimentos que incidiram sobre as leis abolicionistas da época e o desejo de liberdade dos escravizados. Esses impressos políticos, canais de difusão de ideias políticas e sociais apresentam a imprensa como espaço de cultura política de grande destaque, relativizando certos pressupostos historiográficos sobre o estudo do abolicionismo na historiografia oitocentista.
UM PANORAMA DOS 50 ANOS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DO IESP ATRAVÉS DE SUAS EMENTAS
Authors: Cassimiro Paulo Henrique Paschoeto
Published: December 2020

A celebração dos 50 anos da pós-graduação do IESP tem servido de motivo para uma ampliação de pesquisas e iniciativas de memória e divulgação da trajetória intelectual da instituição, que se confunde inextrincavelmente com a história das ciências sociais no Brasil. Os anuários, publicados ao menos desde 1971, registram desde informações práticas sobre organização do período letivo, o funcionamento do sistema de créditos e da avaliação por papers e resenhas, até as ementas completas dos cursos com as bibliografias indicadas. O presente ensaio, longe de ambicionar uma avaliação exaustiva do conteúdo desse material, se propõe a tratar de modo breve e panorâmico como e quando alguns dos temas centrais das ciências sociais no Brasil aparecem nos cursos dos programas de pós-graduação em ciência política e sociologia do IUPERJ/IESP.
CESAR GUIMARÃES: UM PROFESSOR
Authors: Rezende Rafael , Moravia Matheus De Sá
Published: December 2020

Cesar Coelho Guimarães é um dos percussores da Ciência Política no Brasil e um dos maiores pensadores vivos da política. Erudito, Cesar é conhecido por sua gigantesca e fundamental obra, embora cada vez menos valorizada: um vasto e profundo conhecimento teórico não especializado em apenas uma grande área e um apreço verdadeiro pela docência. Transita pelos mais diversos campos do conhecimento com naturalidade. Ensina seus alunos com preocupação intensa no aprendizado de todos, com sabedoria e rigor, sensibilidade e clareza. Em tempos de tanto ódio e incerteza, sua disciplina pessoal na dedicação à docência se confunde cotidianamente com seu profundo respeito aos seres humanos e suas vidas, sinais claros de um homem que exala demofilia em suas ações. Próximo de seu aniversário de 80 anos, quase todos dedicados à formação teórica de diversos cientistas brasileiros, o professor Cesar Guimarães recebe esse delicado texto como uma merecida homenagem de seus alunos.
entre cercas, brincadeiras e feitiços: os conflitos e as apropriações do território por crianças e jovens quilombolas
Authors: Perez Beatriz Corsino
Published: December 2020

brazil has gone through a long process of colonization that still leaves violent marks in the ways of relating to quilombola communities, producing the devaluation of their cultures and knowledge. Through colonization, the lives of quilombola children and young people have become invisible in the face of scientific knowledge that uses European authors as a reference and the urban middle classes as a model. In this text, we present the results of an interventional research carried out between 2017 and 2019, with about 30 children and young people living in a quilombola community in Cafuringa, in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. We seek to understand how the experiences of childhood and youth are constituted from the relationships that children and young people establish with the territory, their uses and appropriations, and the modes of subjectification in the face of conflicts experienced in the community. Children take ownership of the territory through collective games held outdoors, in which they explore community spaces, and interact with the land, animals, plants and trees. For these children, these spaces can be "bewitched", "haunted", "sacred", and while fascinating, also generate fear. These ways of relating to the territory are in conflict with the agricultural produce and horse breeding farms, which consider the land as a business, and animals and plants as goods. The children's estrangement in encountering of the electric fence placed by the farm, which symbolizes the private use of the land, social inequalities, and the racial discrimination experienced in their daily lives, leads us to question the project of the overall “civilizing” project built into modernity
ethics of caring in the child-friendly projects: new challenges
Authors: Javidi kalatehjafarabadi Tahereh
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to consider the implications of Noddings’ ethics of care theory for child-friendly projects and their underlying philosophical assumptions. It is explained that this theory with its emphasis on the children’s needs and rights and, more importantly, the emphasis on the care relation and care encounter indicates how Noddings’ main concepts and ideas could be taken into consideration in exploring the challenges of implementing child-friendly projects. Therefore, the main concepts of ethics of care theory including need and right, empathy and sympathy, receptive and projective, care about and cared-for, expressed and inferred needs were investigated by considering their adaptation with the origin and the destination of child-friendly projects. Accordingly, a series of questions was set out to illustrate the theoretical challenges that may have been reflected in implementing the child-friendly project. These questions were also categorized in light of three core characteristics of Noddings’ theory of caring: 1) relational ontology; which refers to the relational nature of children life, 2) attention with concern; which refers to the moral sentiment/non-rational life of children and 3) particularism; which refers to the particularity of children’s lives. As individuals/researchers and as members of the child-friendly community we can focus on these questions to understand the challenges of the project and provide a potential for its qualitative evaluation.
Serviço Social e prática política feminista: o protagonismo de Suely Gomes Costa
Authors: Lole Ana
Published: December 2020

Homenagem de vida à Suely Gomes Costa.
DesAmadas
Authors: Moraes Nana
Published: December 2020

Mostra Fotográfica da fotógrafa Nana Moraes.
Enfrentamento à violência obstétrica: contribuições do movimento de mulheres negras brasileiras
Authors: Santos Jussara Francisca De Assis dos
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo ressaltar a necessidade de apropriação das contribuições do movimento de mulheres negras por parte de gestoras/es e profissionais de saúde para a efetivação da equidade racial no que se refere à assistência ao parto. A reflexão trazida aqui é motivada pelos resultados da pesquisa realizada no âmbito do doutoramento da autora, cujo objeto foi o enfrentamento à violência obstétrica contra mulheres negras numa maternidade do município do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia utilizada pautou-se em 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas entre gestoras e profissionais de saúde das áreas de Serviço Social, enfermagem e medicina. O método de análise teve como base a interpretação dos sentidos atribuídos à violência obstétrica e sua relação com a dimensão racial. Não foram identificadas ações que privilegiassem a articulação com o movimento de mulheres negras, tendo em vista sua importância no combate à violência obstétrica.  Palavras-Chave: mulheres negras; violência obstétrica; movimento social; saúde da população negra.
VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL E EXCLUSÃO DIGITAL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: UMA ANÁLISE DA DESIGUALDADE DE ACESSO À INTERNET NA PERIFERIA DE CURITIBA
Authors: De Souza Marcelo Nogueira , Guimarães Lislaine Mara da Silva
Published: December 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é contribuir para o mapeamento das diferentes situações indicativas de exclusão e vulnerabilidade social na cidade de Curitiba, com base numa análise comparativa sobre como se dá o acesso à Internet em bairros da região central e da periferia da cidade. Como se procura demonstrar, a suspensão das aulas presenciais, em razão da pandemia de Covid-19 e a adoção da educação a distância – que não contempla o alunado que vive em condição de vulnerabilidade social, em decorrência de fatores socioeconômicos e que, consequentemente, não possui acesso aos recursos tecnológicos necessários – tem revelado outro aspecto da seletividade social das medidas adotadas pelo município no enfrentamento da pandemia.
Direitos humanos, relações cívico-militares e autoritarismo na América Latina: O caso da expansão da competência da Justiça Militar no Brasil
Authors: Del Rio Andrés , Cesario Alvim Gomes Juliana
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo analisa a expansão da competência da Justiça Militar no Brasil em casos envolvendo civis e suas consequências para os direitos humanos a partir do contexto de expansão da presença militar na América Latina e do uso reiterado das Forças Armadas em funções de segurança pública na região. O artigo examina o caso da Chacina o Salgueiro e alerta para os riscos do incremento do desequilíbrio das relações cívico-militares no país.
“O imoral escândalo da prostituição de escravas”: pensando a prostituição a partir das mulheres negras no Rio de Janeiro (1871)
Authors: Prechet Beatriz Do Nascimento
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo falar sobre a prostituição de mulheres negras na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da campanha moralizadora do juiz e delegado Miguel José Tavares em 1871, que pretendia acabar com o meretrício. Apoiado por alguns jornais e seus leitores, a intenção desta empreitada, contudo, não era focada na prostituição como um todo, mas apenas na praticada por escravizadas. A ação de Tavares desequilibrou a dinâmica senhor-escravo a partir do momento em que a justiça interferiu numa relação até então privada. Assim, é por meio desta interferência que o texto pretende iluminar e pensar a presença das mulheres negras na prostituição levantando a hipótese de que elas agiam em favor de si mesmas através das brechas da disputa de poder entre os senhores e a justiça.
An audience survey of practice relating to pain in the management of chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Atkin Leanne , Martin Robin
Published: December 2020

Venous leg ulcers (VLU) respond well to compression, yet many ulcers remain unhealed after 1 year. Practitioners could be reluctant to apply compression to patients with significant ulcer pain. This study aimed to capture the views of practitioners on compression therapy for patients with painful VLU. A survey was conducted at a UK meeting in 2019 using handheld voting pads to capture the anonymous responses to four questions to which a mean of 90 practitioners responded. Nearly 40% of practitioners treat six or more patients a day with painful lower-limb ulcers. Some 80% felt confident in managing patients with painful ulcers; yet, most practitioners suggested they would refer onward for pain management. Some 40% would omit or reduce compression therapy as a pain management strategy. This survey supports the need for technological solutions that reduce VLU pain so that patients receive effective compression therapy.
Primary care survey of venous leg ulceration management and referral pre-EVRA trial
Authors: Heatley Francine , Saghdaoui Layla Bolton , Salim Safa , Onida Sarah , Davies Alun Huw
Published: December 2020

Venous leg ulceration (VLU) is a public health concern that is largely managed in community settings. The present study aimed to survey current VLU management in the community. A 14-question survey was distributed to primary care professionals, and 90 responses were received. Some 54% of respondents stated that they would assess ankle brachial pressure indices (ABPI) for those with VLU, while 25% reported that they would not. Additionally, 62% reported not organising duplex ultrasound scanning. Compression therapy was offered by 82% of respondents. When asked whether VLU patients were referred to specialist services in secondary or tertiary care, some 32% reported that they would. However, 57% reported that, if a study suggested that referral to specialist services was beneficial, they would change their practice. On the basis of the findings, the authors concluded that there is diversity in VLU diagnostic and treatment pathways. New, high-quality evidence may improve practice, but care delivery is influenced by local factors including time and resource distribution.
Physiotherapy for tennis elbow: a survey of knowledge and practice within the UK and Ireland
Authors: Harland Nicholas , Livadas Nick
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims

The purpose of the survey was to investigate the current state of knowledge and practice regarding tennis elbow within a physiotherapy population. A secondary purpose was to explore attitudes towards emerging electrotherapeutic technologies in the treatment of tennis elbow and to ascertain if culturally, within physiotherapy, there could be bias against such technologies because of a historic lack of high-quality evidence surrounding them.

Methods

The survey was undertaken entirely online using an e-mail cascade and 253 responses were gained.

Results

Overall, respondents overestimated the strength of evidence supporting a list of common treatment modalities. Where electrotherapeutic modalities were concerned, however, the vast majority of the sample thought the evidence was poor. Where diagnosis and management were concerned the majority of respondents appeared to practice in an evidence-based fashion.

Conclusions

Perhaps the most important finding of the study is that a third of respondents thought they might be biased against new electrotherapeutic technologies, even if they were using them within a research setting. The implications of this are discussed in the context of how factors such as communication and therapist affects may change treatment outcomes.
The Spatial Correlation between the Spread of COVID-19 and Vulnerable Urban Areas in Santiago de Chile
Authors: Vergara-Perucich Francisco , Correa-Parra Juan , Aguirre-Nuñez Carlos
Published: December 2020

This article identifies the spatial correlation between the social determinants of health in the housing area (housing prices, overcrowding, poor-quality building materials, and household socioeconomic vulnerability) and the spread of COVID-19 in Santiago de Chile. The research used data from the 2017 Census conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Chile and data on confirmed cases of COVID-19 (PCR) by communes provided by/obtained from Chile’s Ministry of Health. The article provides a two-fold examination/analysis of the spatial correlation using the Pearson measure to observe how the virus spread from areas with high-quality housing in the early stage of the contagion to then become concentrated in areas with low-quality of housing. The second examination/analysis is a multiple linear regression to identify the housing factors that inform virus propagation. The test results show that of the four social determinants of health relating to housing assessed here, housing prices is the variable that best predicts how the social determinants of health based on housing explain the progress of the pandemic for the Santiago case, following the collinearity factors according to the data used in this study. The conclusions suggest that public policy should treat housing quality as a factor in public health and health risks that needs to be addressed with a transdisciplinary approach to urban planning in Chile.
Muslims and Islam in Indian English Press: Exploring the Islamophobic Discourse
Authors: Sumra Azhar ul Hassan
Published: December 2020

This research study attempted to explore the representation of Muslim/Islam in a hostile manner, which can be categorized as Islamophobia in the Indian English press. For this purpose, three Indian English newspapers includingThe Times of India, The HinduandThe Indian Expresswere purposively selected because of their wide circulation in India. The time period selected for discourse analysis comprised three months from November 1, 2016 to January 31, 2017. In this study, discourse analysis investigated the most prominent themes of stereotyping and prejudices, anxieties and racialization. The stories were also analysed in the context of positive, negative and neutral tone. The findings suggest that major instances were found inThe Times of IndiaandThe Hindu, where the newspaper is constantly trying to present its insecurities of Muslims and Islam, unlikeThe Indian Express.
Am I, Me, and Who's She? Liberation Psychology, Historical Memory, and Muslim women
Authors: Mohr Sarah Huxtable
Published: December 2020

One of the central underpinnings of Islamophobia is the theoretical construction of Muslim women as “Other”. Going hand in hand with colonization, the overall Orientalist imaginary has depicted Muslims as misogynistic, homophobic, and gynophobic in contrast to the normal and enlightened Western European subject. Liberation psychology, as a field of decolonial work, emphasizes several main tasks one of which is the recovery of historical memory in relation to how humans see each other and the world. This paper builds on the work of recovering historical memory to emphasize the Indo-European origins of misogyny and patriarchy and the subsequent cover-up of this history as a part of the legacy of colonialism and current narratives of Islamophobia. The paper concludes that the work of psychology should include decoding reality to uncover the true nature of the origins of patriarchy, thus building new, revitalized understandings of human society.
“Jewish” Politics or the Politics of “Jews”?: On Israeli Nation-Statehood
Authors: Yadgar Yaacov
Published: December 2020

This essay seeks to explicate a tension that lies at the very root of our discourse on Israel as a Jewish state. I argue that the academic and political fields tend to confuse and conflate two different, often contradictory understandings or constructions of the very meaning of Jewish politics. Schematically labelling these as Jewish politics versus the politics of Jews (and derived from these, the outlook of Israel as a “Jewish state” versus the notion of it being solely a “state of Jews”), I argue that the conflicting political and ideological constructions are nourished by different readings of Jewish identity and authenticity, which were first developed in Europe by leading (self-identified secular) Zionist ideologues, and later shaped mainstream readings of Israeli politics. The essay outlines the basic contours of this conceptual distinction, traces its roots in Zionist ideology (as developed in Eastern and Central Europe), and concludes with a consideration of the playing out of the tension at hand in contemporary Israeli politics.
Scaling and discriminability of perceived gloss
Authors: Cheeseman Jacob R. , Ferwerda James A. , Maile Frank J. , Fleming Roland W.
Published: December 2020

While much attention has been given to understanding biases in gloss perception (e.g., changes in
perceived reflectance as a function of lighting, shape, viewpoint, and
other factors), here we investigated sensitivity to changes in surface reflectance. We tested how
visual sensitivity to differences in specular reflectance varies as a
function of the magnitude of specular reflectance. Stimuli consisted
of renderings of glossy objects under natural illumination. Using
maximum likelihood difference scaling (MLDS), we created a perceptual
scaling of the specular reflectance parameter of the Ward reflectance
model. Then, using the method of constant stimuli and a standard 2AFC
procedure, we obtained psychometric functions for gloss discrimination
across a range of reflectance values derived from the perceptual
scale. Both methods demonstrate that discriminability is significantly
diminished at high levels of specular reflectance, thus indicating
that gloss sensitivity depends on the magnitude of change in the image
produced by different reflectance values. Taken together, these
experiments also suggest that internal sensory noise remains constant
for suprathreshold and near-threshold intervals of specular
reflectance, which supports the use of MLDS as a highly efficient
method for evaluating gloss sensitivity.
Broadening the high sensitivity range of squeezing-assisted interferometers by means of two-channel detection
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Salykina Dariya , Frascella Gaetano , Mishra Devendra Kumar , Chekhova Maria V. , Khalili Farit Ya.
Published: December 2020

For a squeezing-enhanced linear (so-called SU(2)) interferometer, we theoretically investigate the possibility to broaden the phase range of sub-shot-noise sensitivity. We show that this goal can be achieved by implementing detection in both output ports, with the optimal combination of the detectors outputs. With this modification, the interferometer has the phase sensitivity independent of the interferometer operation point and, similar to the standard dark port regime, is not affected by the laser technical (excess) noise. Provided that each detector is preceded by a phase-sensitive amplifier, this sensitivity could be also tolerant to the detection loss.
Continuous-wave and SESAM mode-locked operation of the Yb:Bi4Si3O12 laser
Authors: Lin Haifeng , Lin Zhanglang , Chen Yujin , Huang Yidong , Zhang Ge , Chen Weidong
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate a comprehensive characterization of the diode-pumped Yb:Bi4Si3O12 laser operating in the continuous-wave and soliton mode-locked regimes. Pumping with a 650 mW, single-transverse mode, fiber-coupled laser diode, a maximum continuous-wave output power amounted to 213 mW with a slope efficiency up to 57.6%. A broadband wavelength tuning range of more than 70 nm was achieved in CW regime with a fused silica prism. Applying a SESAM as mode locker, nearly transform-limited pulses as short as 113 fs were generated for a maximum average power of 53 mW and a pulse repetition rate of ∼106 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on passively mode-locked operation with the Yb:Bi4Si3O12 crystal.
Directional light emission by electric and magnetic dipoles near a nanosphere: an analytical approach based on the generalized Mie theory
Authors: Yao Kan , Zheng Yuebing
Published: December 2020

We present a theoretical study of directional light emission by dipole emitters near a spherical nanoparticle. Our analysis is extended from an exact electrodynamical approach for solving the coupling between a dipole and a sphere, providing a full picture of the directional emission for a complete set of combinations of variable emitters, particles, and their orientations. In particular, we show that the Mie resonances of a dielectric sphere are strongly influenced by the coupled dipole emitter, leading to the scattering properties that are different from the prediction by the standard Mie theory. Moreover, we demonstrate that the dielectric spheres have opposite effects on the emission direction and a decay rate of electric and magnetic dipoles. Our approach enriches the analytical toolbox for designing optical antennas and understanding dipole–sphere coupling.
High-quality high-throughput silicon laser milling using a 1 kW sub-picosecond laser
Authors: Holder Daniel , Weber Rudolf , Röcker Christoph , Kunz Gerhard , Bruneel David , Delaigue Martin , Graf Thomas , Ahmed Marwan Abdou
Published: December 2020

We report on high-quality high-throughput laser milling of silicon with a sub-ps laser delivering more than 1 kW of average laser power on the workpiece. In order to avoid heat accumulation effects, the processing strategy for high-quality laser milling was adapted to the available average power by using five-pulse bursts, a large beam diameter of 372 µm to limit the peak fluence per pulse to approximately

0.7

J

/

c
m

2

, and a high feed rate of 24 m/s. As a result, smooth surfaces with a low roughness of

S

a

≤
0.6

µ

m

were achieved up to the investigated milling depth of 313 µm while maintaining a high material removal rate of

230

m
m

3

/

min

.
Experimental Generation of a Multipartite Entangled Graph State in the Quantum Optical Frequency Comb
Authors: Chang Chun-Hung , Zhu Xuan , Pfister Olivier
Published: December 2020

We report on experimental progress toward the generation of large-scale multipartite entanglement by phase modulation of an optical parametric oscillator. The graph state will be reconstructed from the covariance matrix built by two-mode measurements.
Optical Manipulation of Qubits by Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Moro Lorenzo , Prati Enrico
Published: December 2020

Quantum compiling and qubit manipulations can be efficiently solved by using deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The advantages range from lower computational time to real-time programming We review examples such as STIRAP and single qubits operation
Machine Learning Assisted Quantum Photonics
Authors: Kudyshev Zhaxylyk , Bogdanov Simeon , Isacsson Theodor , Kildishev Alexander V. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M.
Published: December 2020

The characterization of single quantum emitters is a time-consuming process. We have demonstrated that machine learning methods can dramatically reduce data collection time(<1s), and increase measurement accuracy of second-order fluorescence autocorrelation(>90%).
Opticlock: Transportable and Easy-to-Operate Optical Single-Ion Clock
Authors: Ritter Stephan , Hafiz Moustafa Abdel , Arar Bassem , Bawamia Ahmad , Bergner Klaus , Biethahn Maximilian , Brakhane Stefan , Didier Alexandre , Fortágh Jószef , Halder Matthäus , Holzwarth Ronald , Huntemann Nils , Johanning Michael , Jördens Robert , Kaenders Wilhelm , Karlewski Florian , Kienle Florian , Krutzik Markus , Lessing Maurice , Mehlstäubler Tanja Elisabeth , Meschede Dieter , Peik Ekkehard , Peters Achim , Schmidt Piet Oliver , Siebeneich Hendrik , Stuhler Jürgen , Tamm Christian , Vogt Enrico , Wicht Andreas , Wunderlich Christof
Published: December 2020

A robust optical clock was developed, integrated into two mobile 19” rack assemblies and based on the 2S1/2-2D3/2 transition of a single 171Yb+ ion. The system design and a first complete evaluation will be discussed.
Multimodal Fiber-Optic Quantum Sensing with Defect Centers in Diamond
Authors: Blakley Sean M. , Fedotov Ilya V. , Vincent Christapher , Liu Xinghua , Liu Xiaohan , Akimov Alexey V. , Hemmer Philip R. , Zheltikov Aleksei M.
Published: December 2020

We have developed microresolution quantum sensors by incorporating diamond color-centers into microstructured optical fibers. These sensors are capable of in situ magnetic field and temperature measurements with 160 @@pT/√ Hz and 25 mK/√ Hz sensi tivities
Fabry-Perot Bragg Grating Cavity Enhanced Four-Wave Mixing on Si3N4 Chip
Authors: Xie Shengjie , Zhang Yang , Hu Yiwen , Veilleux Sylvain , Dagenais Mario
Published: December 2020

A Fabry-Perot Bragg grating cavity enhanced four-wave mixing process with a conversion efficiency of -37.7 dB is demonstrated experimentally on a Si3N4 chip. A thermal-tuning based phase matching approach is also demonstrated.
Quantum-Enhanced Rotation Sensing
Authors: Goldberg Aaron Z. , James Daniel F. V.
Published: December 2020

Rotation measurements underlie many physical tasks. Specially-designed quantum states dramatically enhance sensitivities when simultaneously estimating multiple rotation parameters. Creating and detecting these states enables useful quantum devices.
Towards Semiconductor-Superconductor-Crystal Hybrid Integration for Quantum Photonics
Authors: Protte Maximilian , Ebers Lena , Hammer Manfred , Höpker Jan Philipp , Albert Maximilian , Quiring Viktor , Meier Cedrik , Förstner Jens , Silberhorn Christine , Bartley Tim J.
Published: December 2020

We fabricate silicon tapers to increase the mode overlap of superconducting detectors on Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. Mode images show a reduction in mode size from 6 µm to 2 µm FWHM, agreeing with beam propagation simulations.
Compact Generation of a Large Scale Square-grid Cluster State in the Quantum Optical Frequency Comb
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Chang Chun-Hung , González-Arciniegas Carlos , Pe’er Avi , Pfister Olivier
Published: December 2020

We showed theoretically that the phase modulation of the output of a single optical parametric oscillator can be used to generate a square-grid cluster state, a key resource for universal quantum computing.
Random Number Generation with Few Mode Fibres
Authors: Shaw G. K. , S. Shyam , S. Foram , Suchita  , Swain S. , Venkitesh D. , Prabhakar A.
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate a random number generator that passes standard Dieharder and NIST tests using modal superposition between the degenerate modes of a few mode fiber with a weak coherent source of mean photon number 0.5.
MHz Source of Single Photons Tuned to Rubidium Transition
Authors: Gera Sonali , Sagona-Stophel Steven , Figueroa Eden
Published: December 2020

We report on 1MHz bandwidth source of single photons at 795 nm, producing 1000 photons/s for every 1mW of pump power. The photons are well suited for storage in Rb vapor based room temperature quantum memories.
Persistent beating in coupled parametric oscillators - new coherent dynamics beyond Ising spins
Authors: Bello Leon , Strinati Marcello Calvanese , Dalla Torre Emanuele G. , Pe’er Avi
Published: December 2020

Coupled parametric oscillators were recently employed as simulators of artificial Ising networks, with the potential to solve computationally hard minimization problems. We demonstrate a new dynamical regime within the simplest network—two coupled parametric oscillators, where the oscillators never reach a steady state, but show persistent, full-scale, coherent beats, whose frequency reflects the coupling properties and strength. We present a detailed theoretical and experimental study and show that this new dynamical regime appears over a wide range of parameters near the oscillation threshold and depends on the nature of the coupling (dissipative or energy preserving). Thus, a system of coupled parametric oscillators transcends the Ising description and manifests unique coherent dynamics, which may have important implications for coherent computation machines.
Novel ’holistic’ protocols for quantum-enabled classical telecommunications
Authors: Jabir M.V. , Burenkov I. A. , Annafianto N. Fajar R. , Battou A. , Polyakov S. V.
Published: December 2020

We experimentally demonstrate new telecommunication protocols and matching receivers designed to enhance benefits of quantum measurements. We show that our quantum protocols unconditionally outperforms the shot noise limit for various communication alphabets.
Quantum Correlated Images from Four-wave Mixing
Authors: Wu Meng-Chang , Brewer Nicholas R. , Speirs Rory W. , Jones Kevin M. , Lett Paul D.
Published: December 2020

We demonstrated sub-10 Hz intensity-difference squeezing and eliminate 2-beam coupling effects in quantum correlated images formed using four-wave mixing. With these techniques, we are closer to taking pixel-by-pixel quantum images with a CCD camera.
Predicted Transmission in a Pr:YSO Quantum Memory Experiment
Authors: Levine Zachary H.
Published: December 2020

Praseodymium-doped yttrium orthosilicate prepared by an optical frequency comb is a candidate for quantum memory, although its hyperfine splitting poses challenges. Transmission after preparation is predicted using the density matrix.
Experimental Demonstration of Multi-Parameter Estimation at the Ultimate Quantum Limit
Authors: Brecht B. , Ansari V. , Gil-Lopez J. , Donohue J. M. , Řeháček J. , Hradil Z. , Sánchez-Soto L. L. , Silberhorn Ch.
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate the quantum-limited simultaneous estimation of the timing centroid, offset, and intensity imbalance of an incoherent mixture of two single-photon level pulses. Our measurement saturates the quantum Cramér-Rao lower bound.
Quantum Correlations with Human-Scale Oscillators in LIGO
Authors: Yu Haocun
Published: December 2020

By injecting squeezing in the Advanced LIGO, and exploiting quantum correlations from the radiation pressure induced coupling of light with the 40 kg mirrors, we measure their displacements with quantum noise 3dB below the SQL.
Laboratory Emulation of Lunar-Earth Links for Quantum Optics
Authors: Mazzarella Luca , Mueller Andrew , Korzh Boris , Valivarthi Raju , Shaw Matthew , Spiropulu Maria , Strekalov Dmitry , Yu Nan , Mohageg. Makan
Published: December 2020

The Deep Space Quantum Link project aims to press the foundations of quantum optics by testing gravity at large distance scales using quantum mechanics. The tests involve transmitting photons over unprecedented distances using space-based quantum networking platforms.
Quantum State Tomography with Feed-Forward - Towards Embedding Feed-Forward in Quantum Computation
Authors: Vidro L. , Pilnyak Y. , Eisenberg H. S.
Published: December 2020

We have preformed 2-photon Quantum State Tomography by embedding a Pockels cell in a feed forward configuration into a scheme for creating linear cluster states - a first step towards implementing feed-forward in quantum computation..
TNF-α signaling: TACE inhibition to put out the burning heart
Authors: Dittrich Gesine M. , Heineke Joerg
Published: December 2020

More than 20 years ago, Seta and colleagues hypothesized that cytokines, which are activated by myocardial injury, significantly drive heart failure progression and would therefore be effective targets to treat cardiac dysfunction. Unfortunately, several clinical trials inhibiting key cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (Il-1β) turned out negative or even revealed adverse clinical effects. Providing a potential mechanistic explanation for the ineffectiveness of TNF-α blockade in heart failure, novel findings demonstrate that the membrane-bound precursor form of TNF-α, transmembrane TNF-α (tmTNF-α), mediates cardioprotective effects during pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. This study suggests that preventing tmTNF-α cleavage by targeting the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) rather than inhibiting TNF-α signaling altogether might be a valuable therapeutic approach.
Genetic deciphering of the antagonistic activities of the melanin-concentrating hormone and melanocortin pathways in skin pigmentation
Authors: Madelaine Romain , Ngo Keri J. , Skariah Gemini , Mourrain Philippe
Published: December 2020

The genetic origin of human skin pigmentation remains an open question in biology. Several skin disorders and diseases originate from mutations in conserved pigmentation genes, including albinism, vitiligo, and melanoma. Teleosts possess the capacity to modify their pigmentation to adapt to their environmental background to avoid predators. This background adaptation occurs through melanosome aggregation (white background) or dispersion (black background) in melanocytes. These mechanisms are largely regulated by melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone (α-MSH), two hypothalamic neuropeptides also involved in mammalian skin pigmentation. Despite evidence that the exogenous application of MCH peptides induces melanosome aggregation, it is not known if the MCH system is physiologically responsible for background adaptation. In zebrafish, we identify that MCH neurons target the pituitary gland-blood vessel portal and that endogenous MCH peptide expression regulates melanin concentration for background adaptation. We demonstrate that this effect is mediated by MCH receptor 2 (Mchr2) but not Mchr1a/b. mchr2 knock-out fish cannot adapt to a white background, providing the first genetic demonstration that MCH signaling is physiologically required to control skin pigmentation. mchr2 phenotype can be rescued in adult fish by knocking-out pomc, the gene coding for the precursor of α-MSH, demonstrating the relevance of the antagonistic activity between MCH and α-MSH in the control of melanosome organization. Interestingly, MCH receptor is also expressed in human melanocytes, thus a similar antagonistic activity regulating skin pigmentation may be conserved during evolution, and the dysregulation of these pathways is significant to our understanding of human skin disorders and cancers.
TDP-43 mutations link Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with R-loop homeostasis and R loop-mediated DNA damage
Authors: Giannini Marta , Bayona-Feliu Aleix , Sproviero Daisy , Barroso Sonia I. , Cereda Cristina , Aguilera Andrés
Published: December 2020

TDP-43 is a DNA and RNA binding protein involved in RNA processing and with structural resemblance to heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), whose depletion sensitizes neurons to double strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder, in which 97% of patients are familial and sporadic cases associated with TDP-43 proteinopathies and conditions clearing TDP-43 from the nucleus, but we know little about the molecular basis of the disease. After showing with the non-neuronal model of HeLa cells that TDP-43 depletion increases R loops and associated genome instability, we prove that mislocalization of mutated TDP-43 (A382T) in transfected neuronal SH-SY5Y and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from an ALS patient cause R-loop accumulation, R loop-dependent increased DSBs and Fanconi Anemia repair centers. These results uncover a new role of TDP-43 in the control of co-transcriptional R loops and the maintenance of genome integrity by preventing harmful R-loop accumulation. Our findings thus link TDP-43 pathology to increased R loops and R loop-mediated DNA damage opening the possibility that R-loop modulation in TDP-43-defective cells might help develop ALS therapies.
Interleukin-17A pathway target genes are upregulated in Equus caballus supporting limb laminitis
Authors: Cassimeris Lynne , Engiles Julie B. , Galantino-Homer Hannah
Published: December 2020

Supporting Limb Laminitis (SLL) is a painful and crippling secondary complication of orthopedic injuries and infections in horses, often resulting in euthanasia. SLL causes structural alterations and inflammation of the interdigitating layers of specialized epidermal and dermal tissues, the lamellae, which suspend the equine distal phalanx from the hoof capsule. Activation of the interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-dependent inflammatory pathway is an epidermal stress response that contributes to physiologic cutaneous wound healing as well as pathological skin conditions. As a first test of the hypothesis that hoof lamellae of horses diagnosed with SLL also respond to stress by activating the IL-17A pathway, the expression of IL-17A, IL-17 receptor subunit A and 11 IL-17A effector genes was measured by RT-PCR or qPCR. Lamellar tissue was isolated from Thoroughbreds euthanized due to naturally occurring SLL and in age and breed matched non-laminitic controls. By RT-PCR, the IL-17 Receptor A subunit was expressed in both non-laminitic and laminitic tissues, while IL-17A was primarily detectable in laminitic tissues. IL-17A target gene expression was undetectable in non-laminitic samples with the exception of weak detection ofDEFB4B,S100A9andPTSG2. In contrast, all target genes examined, exceptCCL20, were expressed by some or all laminitic samples. By qPCR, severe acute (n = 7) SLL expressed ~15–100 fold higher levels ofDEFB4BandS100A9genes compared to non-laminitic controls (n = 8).DEFB4Bwas also upregulated in developmental/subclinical (n = 8) and moderate acute (n = 7) by ~ 5-fold, and in severe chronic (n = 5) by ~15–200 fold. In situ hybridization (DEFB4) and immunofluorescence (calprotectin, a dimer of S100A9/S100A8 proteins) demonstrated expression in keratinocytes, primarily in suprabasal cell layers, from SLL samples. These data demonstrate upregulation of a cohort of IL-17A target genes in SLL and support the hypothesis that similarities in the response to stresses and damage exist between equine and human epidermal tissues.
Marine reserve benefits and recreational fishing yields: The winners and the losers
Authors: Kayal Mohsen , Cigala Marine , Cambra Eléonore , Soulat Nelly , Mercader Manon , Lebras Audrey , Ivanoff Pauline , Sébési Léa , Lassus-Debat Aurélie , Hartmann Virginie , Bradtke Mélissa , Lenfant Philippe , Jabouin Coraline , Dubreuil Julien , Pelletier Dominique , Joguet Manon , Le Mellionnec Solène , Brichet Marion , Binche Jean-Louis , Payrot Jérôme , Saragoni Gilles , Crec’hriou Romain , Verdoit-Jarraya Marion
Published: December 2020

Marine reserves constitute effective tools for preserving fish stocks and associated human benefits. However, not all reserves perform equally, and predicting the response of marine communities to management actions in the long run is challenging. Our decadal-scale survey of recreational fishing yields at France’s 45-year old Cerbère-Banyuls marine reserve indicated significant protection benefits, with 40–50% higher fishing yields per unit effort in the partial-protection zone of the reserve (where fishing is permitted but at a lower level) than in surrounding non-reserve areas. Over the period 2005–2014, catch per unit effort (CPUE) declined both inside and outside the reserve, while weight per unit effort (WPUE) increased by 131% inside and decreased by 60% outside. Different CPUE and WPUE trajectories among fish families indicated changing catch assemblages, with yields increasing for the family most valued by fisheries, Sparidae (the ecological winners). However, reserve benefits were restricted to off-shore fishermen (the social winners), as on-shore yields were ~4 times lower and declining, even inside the reserve. Our study illustrates how surveys of recreational fishing yields can help evaluate the effectiveness of marine protected areas for key social and ecological protagonists. We show that, more than four decades after its establishment, fishing efficiencies at the historical Cerbère-Banyuls marine reserve are still changing, but benefits in terms of catch abundance, weight, and composition remain predominantly restricted to off-shore fishermen. Further regulations appear necessary to guarantee that conservation strategies equitably benefit societal groups.
Peripapillary perfused capillary density in true versus pseudoexfoliation syndrome: An OCTA study
Authors: Tangtammaruk Phantaraporn , Petpiroon Purit , Supakonatanasan Wasu , Teekhasaenee Chaiwat , Suwan Yanin
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To compare peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) among eyes with true exfoliation syndrome (TEX), eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), and healthy control eyes.

Materials and methods

In this observational cross-sectional study, eyes with and without TEX or PEX were assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. Bilateral OCTA images (4.5 × 4.5 mm2) centered at the optic nerve head were obtained using a commercial spectral domain OCTA system. Optic nerve head perfusion was quantified using the split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography algorithm. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using the chi-squared test and one-way analysis of variance, respectively. The generalized estimating equation was used to adjust for confounding factors and determine inter-ocular associations.

Results

We enrolled 39 eyes with TEX, 31 eyes with PEX, and 32 control eyes. There were no significant differences among the three groups regarding age, intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratio, blood pressure, or axial length (all p>0.05). There were significant differences in global PCD among the three groups (p = 0.01). There were significant differences in annular PCD between the TEX and PEX groups (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

While both global and annular PCDs did not differ between the TEX and control groups, greater loss of annular PCD in the PEX group than in the TEX and control groups suggests more pronounced microvascular disturbance in PEX.

Synopsis/Precis

Greater microvascular attenuation in PEX compared with TEX and normal control measured by OCTA.
CD8 T cell epitope generation toward the continually mutating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in genetically diverse human population: Implications for disease control and prevention
Authors: Guo Elisa , Guo Hailong
Published: December 2020

The ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has brought tremendous crisis on global health care systems and industrial operations that dramatically affect the economic and social life of numerous individuals worldwide. Understanding anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in population with different genetic backgrounds and tracking the viral evolution are crucial for successful vaccine design. In this study, we reported the generation of CD8 T cell epitopes by a total of 80 alleles of three major class I HLAs using NetMHC 4.0 algorithm for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which can be targeted by both B cells and T cells. We found diverse capacities of S protein specific epitope presentation by different HLA alleles with very limited number of predicted epitopes for HLA-B*2705, HLA-B*4402 and HLA-B*4403 and as high as 132 epitopes for HLA-A*6601. Our analysis of 1000 S protein sequences from field isolates collected globally over the past few months identified three recurrent point mutations including L5F, D614G and G1124V. Differential effects of these mutations on CD8 T cell epitope generation by corresponding HLA alleles were observed. Finally, our multiple alignment analysis indicated the absence of seasonal CoV induced cross-reactive CD8 T cells to drive these mutations. Our findings suggested that individuals with certain HLA alleles, such as B*44 are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studying anti-S protein specific CD8 T cell immunity in diverse genetic background is critical for better control and prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Eliciting women’s preferences for place of child birth at a peri-urban setting in Nairobi, Kenya: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Oluoch-Aridi Jackline , Adam Mary B. , Wafula Francis , K’okwaro Gilbert
Published: December 2020

Objective

Maternal and newborn mortality rates are high in peri-urban areas in cities in Kenya, yet little is known about what drives women’s decisions on where to deliver. This study aimed at understanding women’s preferences on place of childbirth and how sociodemographic factors shape these preferences.

Methods

This study used a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) to quantify the relative importance of attributes on women’s choice of place of childbirth within a peri-urban setting in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants were women aged 18–49 years, who had delivered at six health facilities. The DCE consisted of six attributes: cleanliness, availability of medical equipment and drug supplies, attitude of healthcare worker, cost of delivery services, the quality of clinical services, distance and an opt-out alternative. Each woman received eight questions. A conditional logit model established the relative strength of preferences. A mixed logit model was used to assess how women’s preferences for selected attributes changed based on their sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

411 women participated in the Discrete Choice Experiment, a response rate of 97.6% and completed 20,080 choice tasks. Health facility cleanliness was found to have the strongest association with choice of health facility (β = 1.488 p<0.001) followed respectively by medical equipment and supplies availability (β = 1.435 p<0.001). The opt-out alternative (β = 1.424 p<0.001) came third. The attitude of the health care workers (β = 1.347, p<0.001), quality of clinical services (β = 0.385, p<0.001), distance (β = 0.339, p<0.001) and cost (β = 0.0002 p<0.001) were ranked 4th to 7th respectively. Women who were younger and were the main income earners having a stronger preference for clean health facilities. Older married women had stronger preference for availability of medical equipment and kind healthcare workers.

Conclusions

Women preferred both technical and process indicators of quality of care. DCE’s can lead to the development of person-centered strategies that take into account the preferences of women to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes.