bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Measurement of Blended Learning Model in Higher Education: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Panigrahi Rajeshwari , Nihar Khaliq Lubza , Singh Neha
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to develop and test a scale for measuring the quality of blended learning models in higher education. Methods: This research adopts a sequential mixed-method approach to construct a new measurement scale. The first phase consisted of the inductive approach to identify the items, followed by exploratory factor analysis. The identified dimensions were tested for reliability and validity in the second phase. Results: The Blended Learning Quality Assessment (BLQA) contains 4 dimensions: Technology Integration, Pedagogy and Curriculum, Physical Infrastructure, and Educator Proficiency. The scale is comprised of 26 items assessing the quality of blended learning programs in higher education. The reliability and validity of the scale were established by confirmatory factor analysis (AVE > 0.6, Cronbach’s alpha > 0.85). Conclusions: In the face of changing student expectations of quality, this study introduces a comprehensive measurement scale by which institutions of higher education may effectively assess their performance. Implications: Results contribute to extant literature by proposing a comprehensive scale to measure the quality of an institution’s blended learning model. The scale integrates digital aspects of pedagogy, delivery, and infrastructure and can be used to identify the dimensions contributing most to student satisfaction.
Ameloblastoma acantomatoso en canino (Canis lupus familiaris): reporte de caso
Authors: Saldivia-Paredes Manuel Alexis , Vidal-Ordóñez Luckas Alejandro
Published: June 2024

La presencia de neoplasias a nivel de la cavidad oral en perros se evidencia en un 9 % en los estudios clínicos, permitiendo diferenciar en un 29 % para casos benignos y un 32 % para los casos malignos. Una hembra de la especie canina, de raza fox terrier, de 10 años, esterilizada, viviendo bajo la supervisión de tutores, fue evaluada en clínica por la presencia de una masa proliferativa con zonas de hiperpigmentación a nivel de labio inferior rostral a piezas dentarias incisivas y caninas a nivel del hueso mandibular, con un compromiso de vestíbulo oral y carúnculas sublinguales. La histopatología nos indicó que la muestra contiene abundante cantidad de tejido fibroblástico denso, no modelado, con haces colágenos en diferentes direcciones, ocasionalmente con inclusión de tejido óseo bien diferenciado, el cual contiene cavidad medular. El diagnóstico morfopatológico consistió en un fibroma osificante/ameloblastoma acantomatoso con estomatitis ulcerativa. El caso fue abordado desde un ámbito quirúrgico por medio de una mandibulectomía parcial rostral bilateral y la incorporación de sonda esofágica, durante el post operatorio. Por medio de este reporte se busca dar a conocer presentaciones de este tipo de neoplasias y permitir, por medio de diagnósticos específicos, tomar decisiones que puedan apoyar la calidad de vida de nuestros pacientes.
Descripción de hemoparásitos en aves silvestres de áreas rurales del Valle de Aburrá y zonas cercanas
Authors: Landinez-Álvarez Valeria , Álvarez-Betancur Esteban , Sánchez-Zapata Gloria Yaneth , Úsuga-Monroy Cristina , Gómez-Ruiz Daisy A.
Published: June 2024

Los hemoparásitos de aves incluyen organismos protozoarios de los phyllum Apicomplexa y Sarcomastigophora, así como nemátodos filarios de la familia Onchocercidae. En Colombia se han caracterizado protozoarios de los géneros Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Trypanosoma, Leucocytozoon. Sin embargo, los estudios han estado sectorizados, dejando vacíos de información para la Cordillera Central. En tres zonas del norte de la Cordillera Central, en Antioquia, se capturaron 127 individuos pertenecientes a 60 especies de aves entre febrero de 2020 y agosto de 2021. Se colectaron extendidos de sangre que fueron procesadas con tinción de Wright para la búsqueda de hemoparásitos. En 119 extendidos sanguíneos obtenidos se encontraron dos formas parasitarias en 12 individuos, obteniendo una frecuencia total del 10,08 %. Las formas parasitarias registradas fueron compatibles con el género Haemoproteus (8,4 %) y Microfilaria (2,5 %). Haemoproteus sp. fue registrado en aves de las familias Cracidae, Tyrannidae, Thraupidae y Emberezidae, mientras que Microfilaria fue registrado solo en especies de la familia Thraupidae. Este trabajo reporta por primera vez infecciones por hemoparásitos en las especies de aves Phaeomyias murina, Stilpnia vitriolina y Ortalis columbiana. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de continuar entendiendo las interacciones hemoparásito-hospedero en aves silvestres, no solo por la diversidad aún por explorar en este grupo de parásitos, sino también por las posibles consecuencias para la salud y conservación de sus hospederos.
Efecto de soluciones antisépticas sobre la microbiota de la biopelícula dental de caninos (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Bedoya-Correa Claudia María , Ochoa-Acosta Emilia María , Isaza-Soto Luz Adriana , Jaramillo-López Manuela , López-David Lina María , Monsalve-Jiménez Valentina , Murillo-Henao Manuela
Published: June 2024

La microbiota oral canina está compuesta por comunidades polimicrobianas que en condiciones de homeostasis desempeñan un papel crucial en el mantenimiento de la salud oral. Sin embargo, cuando se altera este equilibrio, se generan cambios en estas comunidades, lo que conlleva al desarrollo de patologías como la enfermedad periodontal. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de antisépticos de uso frecuente para la higiene oral de caninos (Canis familiaris) sobre la microbiota de la biopelícula dental. El estudio se realizó en dos fases: en la fase I, se hizo un estudio experimental in vitro para determinar la actividad antimicrobiana de 3 antisépticos orales con clorhexidina como componente activo. En la fase II, se realizó un estudio de intervención tipo longitudinal donde se incluyeron 24 caninos divididos en 3 grupos, a los cuales se les aplicó un antiséptico oral diferente durante 30 días. Posteriormente, se recolectó biopelícula dental en distintos intervalos de tiempo y se calculó el porcentaje de inhibición de biopelícula. El efecto antimicrobiano in vitro de los antisépticos fue similar; no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los diámetros de los halos de inhibición. Luego de la aplicación tópica, se determinó que la disminución de la biopelícula generada por la solución antiséptica 1 fue más constante y homogénea en el tiempo, en comparación con las soluciones 2 y 3. Se demostró in vivo que las tres soluciones poseen actividad antimicrobiana significativa, por consiguiente, su uso periódico, disminuye significativamente la formación de biopelícula dental en caninos.
Are there possible issues that we overlook when selecting green infrastructure?
Authors: Kawata Yukichika
Published: June 2024

Promoting green infrastructure (GN) as a tool for reducing natural disaster risk is promising, particularly in depopulated areas worldwide. Images of GN as being multifunctional and environment friendly seem to enhance citizens’ positive attitudes toward it. While conventional types of disaster prevention infrastructure, such as concrete levees, can completely prevent damage, GN can relieve the effects of natural hazards. By switching from conventional infrastructure to GN, societies could reduce the costs of disaster prevention infrastructure. However, the risk of disaster damage may increase in some areas. This study aimed to better understand citizens’ preference for GN. It was hypothesized that those who prefer GN are those who do not take the initiative to learn about it and that some citizens are not fully aware of the heterogeneous risks when selecting GN. To test the hypotheses, structural and measurement models, including latent variables, were developed, and structural equation modeling was performed. Data for constructing the measurement and structural equations were obtained using a web questionnaire administered by a professional research company in 2022 with 1,200 participants across Japan. Data from the portal site for the official statistics of Japan (e-Stat) were also used. The results confirm the hypothesis that individuals who favor GN are those who do not proactively seek to acquire knowledge concerning it. The findings highlight the importance of considering, in future policymaking, the possibility that citizens who prefer GN without knowledge about it may face high risks as a result of its uninformed adoption and use.
Cargo exchange between human and bacterial extracellular vesicles in gestational tissues: a new paradigm in communication and immune development
Authors: Amabebe Emmanuel , Kumar Awanit , Tatiparthy Madhuri , Kammala Ananth Kumar , Taylor Brandie D. , Menon Ramkumar
Published: June 2024

Host-bacteria and bacteria-bacteria interactions can be facilitated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by both human and bacterial cells. Human and bacterial EVs (BEVs) propagate and transfer immunogenic cargos that may elicit immune responses in nearby or distant recipient cells/tissues. Hence, direct colonization of tissues by bacterial cells is not required for immunogenic stimulation. This phenomenon is important in the feto-maternal interface, where optimum tolerance between the mother and fetus is required for a successful pregnancy. Though the intrauterine cavity is widely considered sterile, BEVs from diverse sources have been identified in the placenta and amniotic cavity. These BEVs can be internalized by human cells, which may help them evade host immune surveillance. Though it appears logical, whether bacterial cells internalize human EVs or human EV cargo is yet to be determined. However, the presence of BEVs in placental tissues or amniotic cavity is believed to trigger a low-grade immune response that primes the fetal immune system for ex-utero survival, but is insufficient to disrupt the progression of pregnancy or cause immune intolerance required for adverse pregnancy events. Nevertheless, the exchange of bioactive cargos between human and BEVs, and the mechanical underpinnings and health implications of such interactions, especially during pregnancy, are still understudied. Therefore, while focusing on the feto-maternal interface, we discussed how human cells take up BEVs and whether bacterial cells take up human EVs or their cargo, the exchange of cargos between human and BEVs, host cell (feto-maternal) inflammatory responses to BEV immunogenic stimulation, and associations of these interactions with fetal immune priming and adverse reproductive outcomes such as preeclampsia and preterm birth.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN THE CONCEPT OF “PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA”
Authors: Cathrin Shely , Rukiyati Rukiyati , Rohman Arif , Wikandaru Reno
Published: June 2024

This research aims to identify and elaborate on the philosophical issues inherent in the concept of the Profil Pelajar Pancasila (Pancasila Student Profile) as the epitome of human idealism in Pancasila intended for implementation through educational means in Indonesia. This matter holds significance for examination due to the Pancasila Student Profile serving as the ultimate destination or objective of the complete educational system in Indonesia. Philosophical scrutiny of this concept is imperative to ensure alignment between the Pancasila Student Profile and the notion of the Indonesian ideal individual in line with Pancasila’s principles. This investigation adopts a qualitative method to delve into philosophical quandaries within this domain. The data utilized in this research comprises literary works addressing the Pancasila Student Profile, which are then philosophically scrutinized based on four key attributes: radical, critical, systematic, and comprehensive. The findings of this study reveal a philosophical dilemma within the Pancasila Student concept, specifically the underrepresentation of two vital dimensions of human nature in Pancasila, namely materiality and individuality. Consequently, it is recommended that a reassessment and restructuring of the Pancasila Student Profile concept be undertaken to ensure the realization of the ideal human archetype of Pancasila without straying from the educational objectives outlined in Law No. 20 of 2003 regarding the National Education System.
CONSTRUCTIVIST EPISTEMOLOGY IN SCIENCE LEARNING FOR ḤALĀLAN-ṬAYYIBAN FOOD SUBJECT
Authors: Sumiati Iis , Irawan Irawan , Hasanah Aan
Published: June 2024

In the era of globalization, a deep understanding of the ḥalālan ṭayyiban food concept is becoming increasingly important. How we, especially the nation’s young generation, must understand, internalize, and apply these principles in our daily lives is an increasingly urgent challenge. Learning the concepts of ḥalāl food and thayyib is no longer just a matter of factual knowledge, but is also a deep ethical and religious responsibility. This article aims to prove and evaluate a relevant and innovative learning approach to be applied in schools in re-conceptualizing the subject of ḥalālan ṭayyiban food in science subjects. The method used in the research was the pre-experiment method with a sample of 37 students in grades 4, 5, and 6 at The Mother Foundation Elementary School, who were selected randomly. Data collection was carried out using a quantitative and qualitative approach (mixed method) which was then analyzed descriptively using an epistemological philosophy of science perspective. Data obtained was taken using interview instruments and concept understanding tests. The results of this research show that the constructivist epistemological approach can increase students' conceptual understanding of the subject of ḥalālan ṭayyiban food with the gain calculation being in the high category. This proves that the constructivist epistemological approach can provide meaningful learning that directs students to explore their thinking in more depth.
Short-Term Follow-Up Results of Adolescent Mallet Finger Treated by Extension Block Technique
Authors: Molnár Tibor , Lőrincz Aba , Lamberti Anna Gabriella , Nudelman Hermann , Józsa Gergő
Published: June 2024

Background: Pediatric mallet finger injuries lack specific treatment guidelines, necessitating an exploration of effective techniques. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of the extension block technique in adolescent mallet finger management. Methods: A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted involving 36 adolescents who underwent surgery between 2014 and 2022. Ishiguro’s extension block pinning technique was the primary method employed. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using Crawford's criteria, and complications were also assessed. Results: Bone union was achieved in all cases with a mean union time of 42 days (range: 30-92 days). According to Crawford's criteria, 27 cases (75%) were classified as excellent, 5 cases (14%) as good, and 4 cases (11%) as fair. Minimal complications were observed, including three cases (8%) of superficial infections, one case (3%) of dermal necrosis, and another rare instance (3%) of osteomyelitis. No cases of poor outcomes or significant long-term complications were noted. The average follow-up period was 8.6 months (range: 2-42 months). Conclusions: Ishiguro’s extension block technique is a promising surgical option for adolescent mallet fingers. Its adoption could enhance pediatric orthopedic care, offering a valuable child-friendly treatment alternative.
Verification and Validation of Advanced Control Systems for A Spinal Joint Wear Simulator
Authors: Iyer Kaushikk Ravender , Keeling David , M Hall Richard
Published: June 2024

Wear simulation aims to assess wear rates and their dependence on factors like load, kinematics, temperature, and implant orientation. Despite its significance, there's a notable gap in research concerning advancements in simulator control systems and the testing of clinically relevant waveforms. This study addresses this gap by focusing on enhancing the conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller used in joint simulators through the development of a fuzzy logic-based controller. Leveraging a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) fuzzy logic control system, the study aimed to improve displacement control, augmenting the traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) tuning approach. Implementation and evaluation of a novel Fuzzy-PI control algorithm were conducted on the Leeds spine wear simulator. The study also included testing of daily-living (DL) profiles, particularly from the hip joint, to broaden the scope of simulation scenarios. While both the conventional PI controller and the Fuzzy-PI controller met ISO tolerance criteria for the spine flexion-extension (FE) profile at 1Hz, the Fuzzy-PI controller demonstrated superior performance at higher frequencies and with DL profiles due to its real-time adaptive tuning capability. The Fuzzy-PI controller represents a significant advancement in joint wear simulation, offering improved control functionalities and a more accurate emulation of real-world physiological dynamics.
Stochastic Modeling of Human Civilization's Future Under Competing AI Influences
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: June 2024

This study explores the potential trajectories of human civilization influenced by the development and competition of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Using a system of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs), we model the probability density function representing the state of civilization in a phase space defined by prosperity and knowledge. The model incorporates diffusion, growth, saturation, and drift terms, alongside stochastic noise to reflect the uncertainties and random fluctuations in AI impacts.The simulation results are visualized in a probability density graph, revealing the likelihood of various outcomes ranging from extinction and regression, to prosperity and technological advancement. The analysis highlights the balanced prospects of human future, with significant probabilities in both positive and negative directions. Positive scenarios suggest potential for increased prosperity and knowledge, emphasizing the importance of effective AI management and international cooperation. Conversely, the notable risks of regression and extinction underline the need for strategic interventions to mitigate adverse impacts. Our findings stress the stochastic nature of future developments and the critical role of adaptive and flexible policies in steering human civilization towards favorable outcomes. This study provides a simple yet comprehensive framework for understanding the complex dynamics at play and underscores the importance of proactive strategies in the age of AI.
Cosmic Expansion – Clues From the Earth
Authors: Müller Volkmar
Published: June 2024

It is generally assumed that the universe expands only on large scales. For some time now, there has also been a well-founded assumption in the literature that cosmic expansion also exists in gravitationally bound systems. In this article we attempt to establish whether cosmic expansion also takes place on scales such as the Earth's sphere of influence. In the examples presented, we find the expansion rate of the size required by the "constant" found by Hubble and Lemaître. This is supported by other examples that also contradict the general assumption mentioned at the beginning. However, this leads to conclusions that also call other cosmological assumptions into question.
A Real-World Analysis of Total Neoadjuvant and Other Therapies for Locally-Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Preti Beatrice T. B. , Wang W. Cathy , Shih Brian , Merrick Michael , McArthur Eric , Tsvetkova Elena
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the treatment of locally-advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has been spotlighted in a number of landmark, practice-changing trials, heralding in the age of so-termed “total neoadjuvant therapy” (TNT). However, the lack of a common control arm, standard inclusion criteria, or, indeed, definition of TNT necessitates further study in this field, particularly using real-world data.
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients treated for LARC at a single Canadian academic cancer centre between July 1st 2019 and July 14th 2022. This includes the June 2020 incorporation of TNT. 290 patients were included in the final analysis, and 124 variables were collected on each patient, including demographics, treatment type, adverse events, response to treatment, surgery versus watchful waiting and survival.
Our findings demonstrate that both TNT and non-TNT regimens are highly toxic, with regards to both overall toxicity and grade 2+ adverse effects. 62 (96.9%) of patients on TNT experienced toxicities, compared to 186 (82.3%) of the non-TNT patients. Grade 2+ toxicities were 46 (71.9%) and 143 (63.3%), respectively. TNT, however, was associated with improved rates of complete response, compared to non-TNT treatment regimens (44% vs 24%).
These findings suggest that TNT harbours both benefit and risk in a real-world population, and both of these aspects should be considered when deciding on a treatment approach for an individual patient. More work in the area is needed to determine longer term survival, as well as impact of surgery versus organ preservation approach on patient outcomes.
Pautas para la construcción de un Repositorio de Software Educativo en la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
Authors: Rodríguez-Aguilar Verónica , Canchola Magdaleno Sandra Luz , Garzón Clemente Rebeca
Published: June 2024

Los repositorios para almacenar recursos aplicados a la enseñanza aprendizaje son una necesidad primordial en las Instituciones de Educación Superior. Sin embargo, estos almacenes no han satisfecho las necesidades educativas actuales. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar las pautas para la construcción de un Repositorio de Software Educativo (RSE) para el área de sistemas computacionales de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas y comparar los resultados de los grupos semestrales. El método fue un estudio cuantitativo bajo diseño experimental y aplicación de la prueba ANOVA para identificar si existían variaciones significativas en los diferentes semestres. La estadística inferencial demostró que no hay diferencias representativas en las pautas para la construcción y el desarrollo de un RSE de los diferentes semestres de la UNACH. Las especificaciones más sobresalientes para la construcción del recurso tecnológico y digital fueron: contar con las funciones de almacenamiento, búsqueda y descarga, uso de la arquitectura orientada a objetos, lenguaje de programación C++ y Python sobre el sistema operativo Windows y la base de datos MySQL Server, el formato de metadatos resultante es la inscripción en CSV y XML, la centralización de información y optimización de la búsqueda resultaron entre los principales beneficios.
Effect of Chemically synthesis compared to biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using extract of Vitex agnus on the expression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump genes of Multi-Drug Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Khalis Khames Shams Al-Shomos , Ahmed Shatha Thanoon
Published: June 2024

كان هدف الدراسة الحالية هو معرفة كيف تؤثر جسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوية المصنعة كيميائيا باستخدام طريقة sol-gel مقارنة بالجسيمات المخلقة حيويا باستخدام مستخلص أوراق نبات  Vitex agnus-castus على التعبير الجيني  لجينات مضخة التدفق  (MexAB-OprM) في عزلات بكتريا الزائفة الزنجارية المتعددة المقاومة للادوية MDR .تم استخدام تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسلPCR  للتحري عن جين 16S rRNA في 16 عزلة من P. aeruginosa كان  اختبار 16S rRNA ايجابيا لجميع عزلات  P. aeruginosa  ((100٪ ، وان 7 (43.75٪) من العزلات كانت من نوع  MDR. كما أشارت النتائج إلى أن عزلات MDR تحمل جينات OprM و MexA  MexB.و تم فحص المواد الكيميائية النباتية في مستخلص نبات  V. agnus باستخدام فحص تحليل GC-MS و اظهر الفحص لمستخلص Vitex عن وجود مركبات فعالة. و وكانت احجام جسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوية المصنعة تتراوح مابين 22 و 74. بلغت قيم MIC لكل من جسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوية المصنعة كيميائيا والمخلقة حيويا وكذلك مستخلص Vitex 1024 و 256 و 512 ميكروغرام / مل  على التوالي عند اختبارها ضد عزلات MDR تم دراسة التعبير لجينات MexA و MexB و OprM  المعاملة مع ZnO NPs ومستخلص نبات Vitex  بواسطة تقنية RT- PCR.اظهرت جسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوية المخلقة حيويا تأثير مثبط أكبر على التعبير الجيني لجينات MexA و MexB و OprM من الجسيمات النانوية المصنعة كيميائيا ومستخلص نبات V. agnus في العينات المعاملة بالتركيز المثبط الادنى  لكل من جسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوية والمستخلص النباتي مقارنة بالعينات غير المعاملة. إحدى الطرق التي تعمل بها الجسيمات النانوية ضد البكتيريا هي قمع التعبير عن جينات مضخة التدفق ، مما يقلل من عدد مضخات التدفق النشطة على سطح الخلية ونتيجة لذلك ، يعتبر ZnO-NPs من قطاع الأدوية خيارا طبيا محتملا.
GC-MS Quantification and Identification of Phytochemical Profiling, Potential Antioxidant Activity by DPPH, and Mineral Elements of Eggplant Powder (Solanum Melongena) in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Nasraldeen Majeed Srwa
Published: June 2024

ان مسحوق الباذنجان (Solanum melongen)، هو النبات المستخدم كعلاج غذائي وطبي، له خصائص مضادة للالتهابات ومضادة للأكسدة ومضادة للسرطان. إنها واحدة من الخضروات التي تزرع على نطاق واسع في جميع أنحاء العالم ولديها مجموعة واسعة من أحجام وألوان وأشكال. في هذه الدراسة تم التركيز على اربعة µعشر مركبًا كيميائيًا باستخدام تقنية (GC-MS)، وقد اظهرت النتائج بأن المركب يحتوي على اربعة عشر مكونًا كيميائيًا، مثل:
(2—pentanone-4-hydroxy 4- methyl% 2.30), (1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol %0.17), (formic acid %0.86), (methenamine,N-methoxy %4.528), (1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerin) %40.86), (tetradecane%0.16) ,(hexadecane%0.27), (octadecane %0.16),(myristic acid %3.14), (nonadecane%0.44), (9,12-octadecadienoic acid ( linolenic acid) %0.43),  (oleic acid%2.36), and (octacosane %0.62).
ان هذه المركبات التي تم تشخيصها لها خصائص قوية مضادة للجذور الحرة، مع نشاط مضاد للأكسدة في مسحوق الباذنجان. تتميز هذه المركبات كيميائيا بأنها مضادات الأكسدة. باستخدام طريقة EC50، تم تقييم نشاط DPPH-free radical المستخلص، وتزداد مع التركيز، من 4.8828 (µg/ml)) إلى 1250 (µg/ml)). تم التأكد من محتوى العناصر المعدنية في مسحوق الباذنجان باستخدام ICP / OES (مطياف انبعاث البلازما المقترن بالحث). حيث تم العثور على Al وCu وMn و Fe و Ba و Cr و Co و Ni كمعادن رئيسية ذات تراكيز عالية. ومع ذلك، كانت تركيزات (الكادميوم والرصاص) منخفضة بشكل غير متوقع.
Comparative analysis of plasma generated using LIBS technique for different wavelengths of pulsed laser of a cadmium target
Authors: Khalepha Tuqa A. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh.
Published: June 2024

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحليل الخواص الطيفية للبلازما المنتجة من الكادميوم (Cd) باستخدام طريقة التحليل الطيفي للانهيار المستحث بالليزر (LIBS). استخدمت عملية توليد البلازما الليزر التوافقي الأساسي (1064 نانومتر) والليزر التوافقي الثانوي (532 نانومتر) الثاني (SHL) لليزر المخدر بالنيوديميوم Q-switched. يستخدم عقيق الألومنيوم الإيتريوم (YAG) كمادة بلورية. تبلغ مدة نبضات الليزر 10 نانوثانية، ومعدل تكرار 8 هرتز، وكانت مخرجات الطاقة 250 (ملي جول) و500 (ملي جول) عند أطوال موجية 1064 (نانومتر) و532 (نانومتر)، على التوالي. تم تحقيق التركيز الدقيق للشعاع من خلال تركيز الليزر على المادة المستهدفة، والتي تتكون من 100% من الكادميوم. تم قياس درجة حرارة الإلكترون باستخدام طريقة مؤامرة بولتزمان من خلال تسخير البيانات التجريبية للخصائص الخطية المرتبطة بالخطوط المحايدة (Cd II)، (O II)، (N II)، وخطوط الأيونات (Cd I)، (O I) لمدة (1064 ، 532) نانومتر. أدى استخدام المنهجية التحليلية إلى تحديد قيم درجة حرارة الإلكترون من 8584 كلفن إلى 15068.4 كلفن للتوافقيات الأساسية والثانية لليزر على التوالي. في الوقت نفسه، تم تحديد كثافة الإلكترون (ne) من خلال تحليل ملف تعريف توسيع ستارك المرتبط بخط الكادميوم المحايد. يتم تحديد خصائص البلازما (درجة حرارة الإلكترون وكثافة الإلكترون) عن طريق تعديل طاقة الليزر على سطح الهدف، طوليًا على طول مسار عمود البلازما.
Studying of The Process of Obtaining Monocalcium Phosphate based on Extraction Phosphoric Acid from Phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum
Authors: Shaymardanova Mokhichekhra , Mirzakulov Kholtura , Melikulova Gavkhar , Khodjamkulov Sakhomiddin. , Nomozov Abror , Toshmamatov Oybek
Published: June 2024

تم في هذا البحث إجراء دراسة لإنتاج فوسفات أحادي الكالسيوم بالاعتماد على حامض الفوسفوريك القابل للاستخلاص والذي تم الحصول عليه من فوسفوريت كيزيل-كوم المركزي. تمت دراسة تأثير العوامل المختلفة (الكثافة ودرجة الحرارة واللزوجة للمواد البادئة) على عملية إزالة الفلور وإزالة الكبريت من استخلاص حامض الفوسفوريك وإنتاج فوسفات أحادي الكالسيوم على أساس كربونات الكالسيوم. أجريت التجارب بشكل رئيسي على عينتين، وتمت دراسة تركيب المواد قبل وبعد العملية. ووفقا للنتائج، فإن محتويات المكونات الأخرى تزيد أيضا بشكل متناسب (عينة 1). وبذلك يرتفع محتوى أكسيد الكالسيوم من 1.58% إلى 5.54% بمحتوى 60% P2O5، والمغنيسيوم من 0.49% إلى 1.15%، وأكسيد الحديد من 0.25% إلى 0.85%، وأكسيد الألومنيوم من 0.38% إلى 1.24%، وأيونات الكبريتات. من 0.23% إلى 0.76%، يزيد محتوى أكسيد الكالسيوم من 2.09% إلى 7.40% بمحتوى 60% P2O5، والمغنيسيوم من 0.80% إلى 2.83%، وأكسيد الحديد من 0.25% إلى 0.90%، وأكسيد الألومنيوم من 0.38% إلى 1.34%، أيونات الكبريتات من 0.23% إلى 0.82%. ينخفض محتوى الفلور من 0.32% إلى 0.17% اعتماداً على تركيز وكالة حماية البيئة (عينة 2). كما تمت دراسة عدد من العوامل مثل معدل وتركيز حمض الفوسفوريك والفصل عالي السرعة لحمض الفوسفوريك في عملية الحصول على فوسفات أحادي الكالسيوم وتركيبه الكيميائي وخصائصه. تمت دراسة وتحليل النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها على أساس كلا العينتين باستخدام الأشعة السينية وطيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء والمجهر الإلكتروني الماسح وتحليل العناصر.
New Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions Associated with Exponential Functions and Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: Ayash Majd , Baddour Hassan , Ali Mohammad , Wanas Abbas Kareem
Published: June 2024

تمت مناقشة الفئة    للدوال ثنائية أحادية التكافؤ من قبل الباحث لوين وحصل على تقدير للمعامل الثاني فيها، عرَّف ساكار و واناس فئتين فرعيتين جديدتين للدوال ثنائية أحادية التكافؤ وحصلا على الحدود العليا للمعاملات الأولية |a2|   و |a3| للتوابع في هذه الفئات الفرعية، دزيوك وآخرون .قدموا الفئة     من الدوال الشبيهة بالصدفة المحدبة    ، والتي تشير إلى وجود اتصال بين الدالة     وأرقام فيبوناتشي. في الآونة الأخيرة تم تعريف العديد من فئات الدوال ثنائية أحادية التكافؤ، استنادًا إلى مؤثرات معروفة مثل مؤثر سيلاجين، ومؤثر تريمبلي، ومؤثر تكامل كوماتو، ومؤثر الالتواء، ومؤثر العبودي التفاضلي وغيرها. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقديم فئتين فرعيتين جديدتين من الدوال ثنائية أحادية التكافؤ باستخدام التبعية ومؤثر تكامل كوماتو والتي تتضمن الدوال الأسية والمنحنيات الشبيهة بالصدفة مع أرقام فيبوناتشي، وكذلك إيجاد تقدير للمعاملات الأولية لهذه الفئات الفرعية. تم تعريف الفئة الفرعية الأولى باستخدام التبعية لتابع المنحنى الشبيهة بالصدفة المتعلق بأرقام فيبوناتشي وتم تعريف الفئة الفرعية الثانية باستخدام التبعية للدالة الأسية. وتم استخدام مؤثر تكامل كوماتو في كل فئة من هذه الفئات الفرعية. تم الحصول على الحدود للمعاملات الأولية، وتحديداً المعاملين الثاني و الثالث لتوابع هذه الفئات الفرعية.
Halogen-Free Ciamician-Dennstedt Single-Atom Skeletal Editing
Authors: Bi Xihe , Liu Shaopeng , Yang Yong , Song Qingmin , Liu Zhaohong , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Zhang Yifan , Ruiter Graham , Anderson Edward
Published: June 2024

Single-atom skeletal editing is an increasingly powerful tool for scaffold hopping-based drug discovery. However, the insertion of a single functionalized carbon atom into heteroarenes remains exceedingly rare, especially when performed in complex chemical settings, due to the challenge of overcoming aromaticity without uncontrolled degradation. For example, the Ciamician–Dennstedt rearrangement, in which a carbene is inserted into an indole or pyrrole ring, remains limited to halocarbene precursors despite more than a century of research. Herein, we report a general methodology for the halogen-free Ciamician-Dennstedt reaction, which enables the direct conversion of indoles/pyrroles into structurally diverse quinoline/pyridine scaffolds. The generality and applicability of this methodology were demonstrated by extensive scope investigation and product derivatizations, as well as by concise syntheses and late-stage skeletal editing of complex bioactive compounds. Mechanistic studies reveal a pathway that involves the intermediacy of a 1,4-dihydroquinoline intermediate, which could undergo oxidative aromatization or defluorinative aromatization to form different carbon-atom insertion products.
Effects of solar radiation on the treatment of real domestic wastewater: pollutant removal efficiency, microbial structure, function, and metabolic pathways
Authors: JI JiaAo , Peng XianPai , Zong Yongchen
Published: June 2024

Municipal domestic wastewater often contains a variety of pollutants, such as phosphorus and organic matter. The activated sludge process is often affected by a variety of environmental factors, and it is not clear whether the intense solar radiation at high altitude affects its biodegradation process.In this study, a laboratory-scale A2O reactor was constructed and placed under solar irradiation, and the A2O process was applied to treat domestic wastewater under continuous solar irradiation. The experimental results showed that the average removal rate of COD reached 91.75% at 40 days; the increase in solar irradiation time helped the removal of organic pollutants, but the strong solar radiation would have an inhibiting effect on the removal of TP. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the dominant phyla that emerged in the system were Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria, and that the above bacteria contributed to organic matter degradation, but the abundance of the major PAOs,DPAOs, and Denitrifiers was suppressed by the accumulation of solar radiation, and the abundance of Nitrobacterias was promoted by the accumulation of solar radiation. The relative abundance of genes involved in central carbon metabolism, such as Glycolysis, Pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle, was predicted based on PICRUSt2. In addition, two key genes, PPK and PPX, which are involved in encoding hydrolytic and synthetic enzymes of Poly-P, were identified. The above findings may provide new insights into the nutrient removal mechanisms of the A2O process for the treatment of real domestic wastewater in areas of intense solar radiation.
Association of loneliness, social isolation, and neuroticism in Alzheimer’s disease risk: a two-step Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Narayan Vikram , Tanwar Vineeta , Andersen Julie , Kapahi Pankaj
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant global health concern, yet psychosocial factors and human behaviours with the potential to influence genetic factors and dementia risk remain largely underexplored. We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causality of genetically determined loneliness and social isolation in neuropsychiatric symptoms and AD. We uncovered a potentially causal link between loneliness and social isolation with AD, facilitated by a two-step progression involving neuroticism. Our findings also highlight the effects of a healthy and physically engaged lifestyle which may ameliorate the risk of depressive symptoms, but not neuroticism on AD risk. The enduring influence of personality traits, particularly neuroticism, suggests personalized and pharmacological approaches for managing disease outcomes. Finally, we identified two significant gene networks and six genes (PAFAH1B1, GRM5, GNAO1, NFIA, CNTN5, and PROX2) warranting further functional studies in developing therapeutics for AD risk. This paper provides the first genetically informed evidence that reducing loneliness and social isolation may play a causal role in decreasing the risk of AD, and these findings support efforts to reduce loneliness and social isolation to prevent or ameliorate AD, particularly relevant given the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.
The impact of Standardized Training Resident on pain management in patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Yi Hai-Zhen , Lv Wei , Chen Jin-Jing , Lin Zhan
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Standardized Training Resident on pharmacological interventions for pain management in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Methods
A total of 84 patients with advanced lung cancer and associated pain were enrolled in the study from December 2019 to August 2023 and were divided into two groups based on their attending physician: a group managed by physician-ST Training Physicians (Joint group) (n = 42) and physician-only group (Usual group) (n = 42). The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), oral morphine-equivalent and tlength of hospital stay. Furthermore, the Pain Management Index (PMI) was calculated. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed at the 4-week follow-up using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30).
Results
A total of 84 patients with advanced lung cancer and associated pain were enrolled in the study from December 2019 to August 2023 and were divided into two groups based on their attending physician: a group managed by physician-ST Training Physicians (Joint group) (n = 42) and physician-only group (Usual group) (n = 42). The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was utilized to evaluate pain intensity, reduced length of hospital stay as well as decreased oral morphine-equivalent(p < 0.05). Furthermore, the Pain Management Index (PMI) was calculated. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed at the 4-week follow-up using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30).
Conclusion
Standardized Training for Radiation Oncology Physicians may lead to improved pharmacological interventions, enhanced pain relief. Recognizing the importance of these trainees in the healthcare team is crucial for achieving optimal pain management outcomes.
Discovery of a new type of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase family that couples with tetrahydrofolate-dependent demethylases
Authors: Senda Toshiya , Yu HongYang , Kamimura Naofumi , Kato Ryo , Senda Miki , Masai Eiji
Published: June 2024

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in one-carbon (1C) metabolism, catalyzing the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Interestingly, Sphingobium lignivorans SYK-6, a model bacterium for the catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds, has a unique MTHFR (S6MTHFR) that has been proposed to catalyze the reverse reaction of typical MTHFRs—namely, the oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. However, no direct evidence for this has been obtained. Here, we demonstrated that S6MTHFR catalyzes the oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the unique enzymatic properties of S6MTHFR based on its crystal structure. Furthermore, a database search revealed that a group of bacteria, including S. lignivorans SYK-6, utilize tetrahydrofolate-dependent demethylases to produce 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which in turn is oxidized by an S6MTHFR-type enzyme. We propose that the combination of a demethylase with an S6MTHFR-type enzyme forms a new type of 1C metabolism that may regulate methionine biosynthesis.
Drone-View Detection of YOLO via Tandem Cross Self-Attention and Contextual-Aware Module
Authors: fang Zhou Li , Xing Wu , feng Wang Zhi , yuan He
Published: June 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) target detection involves automatically labeling objects captured during flight based on meaningful features. Compared to tra ditional images, aerial images have a higher viewpoint and often contain small objects and clustered features. Recent studies have demonstrated the advantages of deep learning in recognizing UAV images. However, early methods often had overlapping convolutional layers, which render the original contextual informa tion irrelevant. Besides, the imbalanced distribution of objects in the UAV field of view is prone to introduce the biases in detector attention, which will weaken the model training. This paper proposes an improved YOLOv5 framework for extracting multiple contextual information and enhancing dense region in UAV target detection. First, a context-aware module is introduced into DarkNet so that the multiple contextual information can be integrated skillfully. Addition ally, we propose a novel context semantic fusion approach, which contributes to integrate the varying expansion rates and deformable convolutions. This method effectively expands the perception field and enhances the precision of object boundaries. Finally, a concatenated cross self-attention operation is designed on high-resolution images to focus on dense regions and extract contextual infor mation from each pixel. Experimental results show improvements with average precision (AP50) of 5.9% and 3.89% on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets, respectively. The findings demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in UAV detection tasks and its potential application prospects.
Use of Deep Learning for Full-text Data Elements Extraction for Systematic Literature Review Tasks
Authors: Du Jingcheng , Wang Dong , Lin Bin , He Long , Huang Liang-Chin , Wang Jingqi , Manion Frank J. , Li Yeran , Cossrow Nicole , Yao Lixia
Published: June 2024

Background:
Systematic literature review (SLR) is an important tool for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR) evidence synthesis. SLRs involve the identification and selection of pertinent publications and extraction of relevant data elements from full-text articles, which can be a manually intensive procedure. Previously we developed machine learning models to automatically identify relevant publications based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Objective:
This study investigates the feasibility of applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches to automatically extract data elements from the relevant scientific literature.
Methods:
First, 239 full-text articles were collected and annotated for 12 important variables including study cohort, lab technique, and disease type, for proper SLR summary of Human papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence, Pneumococcal Epidemiology, and Pneumococcal Economic Burden. The three resulting annotated corpora are shared publicly at [https://github.com/Merck/NLP-SLR-corpora], to provide training data and a benchmark baseline for the NLP community to further research this challenging task. We then compared three start-of-the-art Named Entity Recognition (NER) algorithms, namely Conditional Random Fields (CRF), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) models, to assess performance on the data element extraction task.
Results:
The annotation corpora contain 4,498, 579, and 252 annotated entity mentions for HPV Prevalence, Pneumococcal Epidemiology, and Pneumococcal Economic Burden tasks respectively. Deep learning algorithms achieved superior performance in recognizing the targeted SLR data elements, compared to conventional machine learning algorithms. LSTM models have achieved 0.890, 0.646 and 0.615 micro-averaged F1 scores for three tasks respectively. CRF models could not provide comparable performance on most of the elements of interest. Although BERT-based models are known to generally achieve superior performance on many NLP tasks, we did not observe improvement in our three tasks. Considering the much lower requirements for computation resources, LSTM models will be preferable for deployment in our case.
Conclusions:
Deep learning-based NLP algorithms demonstrated their efficacy in the extraction of SLR data elements, which showed potential in expediting and automating SLR tasks.
CoDi: Contrastive distance cell type annotation for spatially resolved transcriptomics
Authors: Kovacevic Vladimir , Bezulj Marija , Milicevic Nikola , Josic Bojana , Fang Shuangsang , Zhang Yong , Li Junhua
Published: June 2024

In the era of single-cell genomics, deciphering cellular heterogeneity is paramount for understanding complex biological systems.
Providing correct cell type annotations is a crucial task for enabling downstream analysis in Spatial Transcriptomics (ST).
Untargeted ST technologies offer wide insight into the gene landscape, but suffer from gene dropouts, preventing complete
capture of genes present in the cell. Common approaches for cell type annotation employ mapping of the reference high-quality
scRNA gene expressions and cell types, to lower quality ST dataset. However, the accuracy and the performance of cell
type annotation is not objectively evaluated, and methods lack the capacity to perform on large datasets with sparse data
produced by the high-resolution technologies like Slide-seq v2 and Stereo-seq. We present CoDi, an innovative tool designed
for precise cell type annotation leveraging the power of contrastive learning and advanced distance calculation methods
using reference single-cell datasets. CoDi represents a significant advancement by demonstrating superior performance,
and scalability compared to existing solutions on several different evaluation metrics, including highest retention rate of the
marker genes. By harnessing the intrinsic structure of the data, CoDi effectively captures subtle features that characterize
distinct cell types, resulting in enhanced annotation accuracy that can detect rare cell types such as neurons in the heart. In
summary, CoDi represents a valuable tool, contributing to our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and offering insights into
the specificity of various cell types within diverse tissue structures.
Ocean acidification induces changes in circadian alternative splicing profiles in a coral reef fish
Authors: Suresh Sneha , Jarrold Michael , Ravasi Timothy , Munday Philip L. , Schunter Celia
Published: June 2024

Background
Alternative splicing is a fundamental mechanism of gene expression regulation that increases the mRNA diversity expressed from the genome and can be partially regulated by the circadian clock. The time-dependent production of transcript isoforms from the same gene facilitates coordination of biological processes with the time of day and is a crucial mechanism enabling organisms to cope with environmental changes. In this study, we aim to determine the impact of future ocean acidification conditions on circadian splicing patterns in the brain of fish, while also accounting for diel CO2 fluctuations that naturally occur on coral reefs.
Results
Fish in the control group exhibited a temporal splicing pattern across the 24-hour period, however, these splicing events were largely absent in fish exposed to either stable or fluctuating elevated CO2 conditions. Furthermore, the molecular responses were influenced not only by an overall increase in CO2 concentration but also by its stability, with 6am and 6pm being key timepoints when the majority of the aberrant splicing events were identified. We found that fish in fluctuating CO2 conditions exhibited increased plasticity in transcriptional regulation by varying the proportion of transcript isoforms depending on the time-of-day. This was especially notable for genes associated with neural functioning.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that fish rely on different molecular mechanisms to respond to elevated CO2 exposure in stable and fluctuating conditions. Periodic variation in CO2 levels in the fluctuating CO2 treatment might enable fish to rely on feed-forward mechanisms to synchronize neural functions with external environmental conditions. Such interconnectedness between external pH changes and transcriptional regulation via alternative splicing may provide fish in fluctuating CO2 environments with greater flexibility in biological responses, which may alleviate sensory and behavioural impairments enabling them to better cope with future ocean acidification conditions.