bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atuação do enfermeiro no gerenciamento dos eventos adversos realacioandos aos cateter venoso central: revisão integrativa
Authors: Feitoza Pereira Adriana , Andrade Ana Fátima Souza Melo de , Teles Weber de Santana , Silva Max Cruz da , Torres Ruth Cristini , Barros Ângela Maria Melo Sá , Azevedo Marcel Vinícius Cunha , Debbo Alejandra , Morais Andre Luiz de Jesus , Silva Maria Hozana Santos , Calasans Taíssa Alice Soledade , Santos Junior Paulo Celso Curvelo
Published: August 2021

O Cateter Venoso Central é um dispositivo intravascular, cuja extremidade distal está situada próxima ou no interior do átrio direito, podendo ser inserida também em vasos de grande calibre e tem como finalidade possibilitar a infusão venosa contínua ou intermitente, administração de hemocomponentes e hemoderivados, nutrição parenteral, entre outros. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a atuação do enfermeiro na gestão do cuidado e gerenciamento de eventos adversos associados ao cateter venoso central. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura, cujos artigos foram filtrados nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS),  Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO),  PubMed,  Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e  Google Acadêmico. O estudo evidenciou a importância de gerenciar riscos inerentes à cateterização, desde sua inserção até remoção. A infecção da correntes sanguínea gastou destaque como um dos principais eventos. Destacou-se também a necessidade da utilização de bundles, enfatizando a importância da cultura de segurança. Portanto, conclui-se que o enfermeiro tem um papel essencial na prevenção e controle de infecções, pois assiste diretamente os pacientes, manipulam e controlam dispositivos, conexões e medicações. A utilização de bundles são eficazes na redução das taxas de infecção.
Efeitos colaterais relacionados a suplementos termogênicos que contém sinefrina
Authors: Moysés Daniele de Araújo , Antunes Ana Rafaela Ferreira , Santos Danubia de Nazaré Amador dos , Correa Regianne Maciel dos Santos , Galucio Natasha Costa da Rocha , Gonçalves Tatiene Vieira , Teixeira Eliel Barbosa , Silva Marcelli Geisse de Oliveira Prata da , Rocha Andreza Abreu , Costa Joseneide Gonçalves da , Medeiros Ernande Roberto do Nascimento , Silva Wanderley da Costa , Vale Valdicley Vieira
Published: August 2021

Os Suplementos Alimentares (SA) são largamente utilizados por esportistas e praticantes de atividades físicas, como forma de complementação da dieta, seja para ganho, perda de peso ou outros objetivos específicos. Os Termogênicos, nesse caso, são compostos de substâncias que têm a capacidade de acelerar o metabolismo, oferecendo maior queima de calorias e reduzindo o apetite. Por outro lado, podem conter substâncias, como a Sinefrina, que pode causar danos à saúde. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a composição química de suplementos termogênicos que contém sinefrina. A pesquisa foi dividida em dois momentos, sendo analisado, primeiramente, o rótulo desses suplementos, coletados no sítio da internert e posteriormente, foi feita uma revisão de literatura sistemática, na qual foram selecionados artigos científicos, no período de 2010 a 2019, dentro da base de dados da SciELO, PubMed, Bireme, Google Acadêmico, e LILACS, utilizando os descritores: Suplementos alimentares/ food suplements; Sinefrina/ synephrine; Emagrecimento/ slimming; Termogênico/ thermogenic. Para atender aos critérios de inclusão foram escolhidos artigos científicos e dissertações, apresentando-se na íntegra, isto é, texto completo, sendo disponibilizados no idioma português e inglês, que estavam de acordo com o tema proposto. O estudo foi fundamentado em abordagens sobre a influência dos suplementos na qualidade de vida, termogênico à base de sinefrina e os efeitos colaterais de tais produtos. Como resultados, a pesquisa concluiu que a sinefrina, sendo semelhante à efedrina, desenvolve efeitos sobre o sistema cardiovascular, podendo gerar casos de aumento de pressão arterial, aumento da frequência cardíaca, arritmias e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), principalmente, quando associada à cafeína. Alguns estudos relataram também, que a sinefrina pode ocasionar problemas no fígado e nos rins. Portanto, conclui-se que tais compostos quando não utilizados de forma correta e sem orientação devida, pode causar sérios danos à saúde.
A disseminação do conhecimento científico e o novo qualis periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Authors: Lisboa Edina Márcia , Alves Flávia Lisboa , Barbosa Thayná Karen , Souza Marcio Coutinho de , Franco Mauro Lúcio , Cabral Stênio Cavalier , Alves Wederson Marcos , Barros Geórgia Fernandes , Silva Catarina Ferreira da Conceição Rodrigues da
Published: August 2021

Os veículos de divulgação de produção científica no Brasil, mais conhecidos como periódicos científicos, têm o sistema qualis periódicos, da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), como um de seus principais sistemas de classificação, e em virtude da dinamicidade da produção e disseminação do conhecimento científico, na atualidade, não há sistema que não careça de constantes adequações. Assim, essa pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, objetiva discutir alguns aspectos do processo de disseminação do conhecimento científico e, principalmente, a nova proposta de metodologia da Capes de classificação de periódicos que vigorará a partir deste ano, 2021, quando da publicação da versão final do novo Qualis Periódicos, também denominado Qualis Capes ou Qualis Referência. Para melhor visualização da comparação entre o formato anterior e o novo, foi criado um quadro de quantidade de periódicos em ambos, em cada categoria de estratificação, e um gráfico representando essa diferença quantitativa por estratificação. Deste modo, observou-se que, apesar do desconforto inicial advindo de qualquer proposta ou processo de mudança, a mesma é necessária e a criação de uma única grande área, no contexto em questão, irá facilitar a avaliação feita pela Capes.
Impactos socioambientais gerados no curtimento do couro no Semiárido Paraibano
Authors: Meira Ana Clara Sampaio , Almeida Romário de Sousa , Barbosa Rubens Barrichello Gomes , Silva Débora Rafaelly Soares , Lima Kaique Muniz Álvares de , Moura Luzia Batista
Published: August 2021

A atividade do curtume do couro pode acarretar sérios danos nos âmbitos físico, ambiental e social. A presente pesquisa se propõe a identificar os impactos positivos e/ou negativos gerados por meio do processamento do curtimento do couro no Distrito de Ribeira, no município de Cabaceiras - Paraíba. Para tanto, o curtume Miguel de Sousa Meira do Distrito de Ribeira, foi escolhido tendo em vista sua importância econômica e social no âmbito local, bem como, pelo possível potencial de geração de impactos em termos socioambientais. Foi definido um raio de 1 km ao redor da cooperativa, obtendo-se assim um total de 44 residências próximas ao empreendimento. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário, a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada junto à comunidade do entorno da cooperativa, a finalidade desse instrumento foi avaliar a percepção da população acerca dos impactos socioambientais ocasionados por esse empreendimento. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha do Excel 2019® e analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a maior parte dos entrevistados apontaram que a produção do curtume do couro apresentou impactos negativos, como: gasto excessivo com água, contaminação do solo, além do desmatamento de espécies nativas. Nesse contexto, o grau de proximidade das residências foi um fator decisivo na classificação desses impactos, principalmente devido ao mau cheiro e poluição visual que essa atividade ocasionava.
Energy-dispersive spectroscopy for the quantitative determination of the major chemical elements in milk
Authors: Paula Igor Lima de , Renhe Isis Rodrigues Toledo , Stephani Rodrigo , Perrone Ítalo Tuler , Carvalho Antônio Fernandes de , Pombo Alan Wolfschoon
Published: August 2021

The present preliminary study aims at the rapid quantitative determination of the major chemical elements in the ashes of raw milk samples, using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The precision of the method was satisfactory (variation coefficient ≤ 5%). The mean values (in mmol·kg-1) obtained from the analysis of 32 raw milk samples showed good agreement with data from the Brazilian and international literature: K (26.1 ± 4.6), Ca (33.8 ± 3.7), P (28.4 ± 2.7), Na (21 ± 3.3) and Mg (4.7 ± 0.5). Residual Cl concentration (19.0 ± 3.3 mmol·kg-1) was lower than expected due to incineration losses. The results suggest a good application potential of the method for other dairy products.
Fatores associados aos acidentes e complicações na extração de terceiros molares: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Flor Lara Carolyne de Sousa , Trinta Luana Barbieri , Gomes Ana Viviam Souza Ferro , Figueiredo Ramon Barros , Sousa Anna Carolina Azevedo , Silva Larissa de Cássia Nunes da , Gomes Felipe Silva , Freire Millena Daniella Pinheiro , Agostinho Cícero Newton Lemos Felicio
Published: August 2021

Complicações são o que acontecem após o ato cirúrgico, enquanto acidentes são aqueles que acontecem fora do planejamento, no período transoperatório. A literatura evidencia que, entre os principais acidentes e complicações durante e após o procedimento de exodontia de terceiros molares, estão a fratura de elemento (s) dentário (s), parestesia do nervo alveolar inferior, comunicação buco-sinusal, hemorragia, hematoma, alveolite, dor, edema, trismo, luxação da articulação e fratura de mandíbula.  Por esse motivo, é imprescindível que o cirurgião-dentista busque conhecimento prévio teórico e prático dos procedimentos odontológicos a serem realizados, assim como meios de condutas e cuidados em casos de intercorrências. O presente trabalho relata uma revisão de literatura narrativa sobre complicações e acidentes cirúrgicos de terceiros molares, tendo como objetivo discorrer sobre os fatores que levam ao seu surgimento. As bases de dados selecionadas para o estudo foram Google Acadêmico e Pubmed, sendo selecionados mediante critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos.
The Implementation of Ecocriticism Approach for Healthy Earth and strengthen the English skill of Literary Appreciation Class at Islamic University of Majaphit – Mojokerto AHMAD IKLIL SAIFULLOH, S.S., M.PD
Authors: Saifulloh Ahmad Iklil
Published: August 2021

Due to the research by Greenpeace and Air Visual IQ published on March 5 2019, monitored air quality in hundreds of cities across the globe, Jakarta was ranked first. In accordance with educational character based on Indonesian curriculum about 18 standard characters interpreted, and one of them was environmental care. The problem was the way a teacher to blend those characters into a good educational system in the class. In fact there were no definite process to transfer that character to the student in term of plan, proses, content, and evaluation. It proofed that there were many difficulties by the teacher to conduct evaluation to the student about their character because the teacher only focuses on a cognitive area. So that’s why this research try to transform the area of ecology and education to solve those conditions. Due to the condition, the researcher tends to strengthen the educational method on the field of Ecology with Literary Criticism as the media with the title The Implementation of Ecocriticism Approach for Healthy Earth and strengthen the English skill of Literary Appreciation Class at Islamic University of Majaphit – Mojokerto.
The Effectiveness of CLT Method in Improving English Students Ability in KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro
Authors: Suryanto Bradhiansyah Tri , Nikmatillah Ulfatul
Published: August 2021

The aims of this study are to: 1) Investigate the English learning process by using the CLT method in KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School, 2) Investigate the effectiveness of the CLT method in improving students' English ability, 3) Investigate the perception of students of KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School on English language skills after participating in learning process by using the CLT method, 4) Investigate the supporting and inhibiting factors in increasing the effectiveness of the English learning process in KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School. Theories and concepts used include: CLT learning methods, and English communication skills. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used in this research, namely questionnaire, interview, observation and test. The sample of this research is 70 students of KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School. Based on the results of data processing, it was obtained that the CLT Learning Methodgave significanteffect on the English communication skills. In general, the average value of the CLT learning method variable scores implemented in the learning process in KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School in upgrading English communication skills have high qualifications, score per aspect of students perceptions in KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School on students' English proficiency using the CLT learning method is in the high category and score of each aspects of supporting and inhibiting factors in increasing the effectiveness of the learning process English courses in KSK Institute of Fathimatuzzahro, Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School are in the high category.
The Correlation between Students’ Vocabulary Mastery and Speaking Skill
Authors: Suryanto Bradhiansyah Tri , Imron Ahmad Arif , Prasetyo Diyah Ayu Rike
Published: August 2021

In an increasingly advanced globalization era where the ability to speak English is a must in keeping up with the times. An analysis of the correlation between vocabulary mastery and students' speaking skills in English is needed. This is because vocabulary mastery is the main point for students to have good speaking skills. This study aims to determine the relationship between vocabulary mastery and speaking skills. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlation study type. The sample in this study was 52 respondents in the second semester of the Department of English Education, the University of Nurul Jadid using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using the Pearson Product Moment formula to determine whether there are a correlation and the level of correlation between mastery of English vocabulary and speaking skill.
Understanding English Texts for Non-English Students: Reading Habits and Reading Preferences in Az-Zainiyah Nurul Jadid
Authors: Ekowijayanto Mochlis , Astutik Yayuk , Khomariyah Nur
Published: August 2021

The role of students in Indonesia is needed, especially their ideas and opinions to develop this country. The quality of human resources is certainly very relevant to students' interest in reading. Reading habits are not only related to the teaching and learning process, but also can shape the personality of an individual by living the reading results. The research aims to study the process of reading habits and reading preferences favored by students. The research method used was a descriptive survey involving 45 students of non-English students in Az-Zainiyah Nurul Jadid. In obtaining data to find out the problems faced by students in understanding English reading texts, a questionnaire was used relating to reading habits and reading preferences. The findings from this study are expected to be used as an evaluation material that reading skills also need to be introduced further to students so that they can use them in the reading process.
Measurement invariance in comparative Internet use research
Authors: Büchi Moritz
Published: August 2021

Comparative studies in communication and Internet research call for equivalent measures of key constructs that are comparable across populations. This article details and applies the concept of measurement invariance within a cross-nationally comparative context. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis is used to test configural, metric, and scalar invariance in an empirical example and structural equation modeling introduces exogenous predictors of Internet use types. Results support metric invariance for a four-factor Internet usage model in three English-speaking countries. The significance of measurement invariance testing for unbiased comparative research is discussed.
Stories of Siblinghood
Authors: Johansson Martin
Published: August 2021

This article analyzes newspaper representations of Nordic neighboring countries at the 1994 winter Olympics. Held in Lillehammer, Norway, the games constituted an enormous sporting success for the Norwegians, while neighboring Finland and Sweden fared much worse, which led national media in all three countries to contemplate on the discrepancy. Focusing on the tension between national and macro-regional Nordic identities, this article argues that media neighbor-images did in fact not compromise the seemingly collision-bound norms of “national rivalry” and “Nordist friendship”. Instead, the two norms informed and enforced each other through the key concept of humor, which created a safe media space for an Olympic dramaturgy of “siblinghood” to play out in. The analysis complements previous research on Nordic identity through highlighting the importance of emotion, popular cultural narratives, and intra-national neighbor relations for the construction of Nordicness.
Bio-Fabrication of Human Amniotic Membrane Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Wet/Dry HAM Dressing Membrane for Wound Healing
Authors: Ramasamy Palaniappan , Krishnakumar Ramachandran , Rekha Ravichandran , Vaseeharan Baskaralingam , Saraswathi K. , Raj Mohan , Hanna Robert E. B. , Brennan Gerard P. , Dayanithi Govindan , Vijayakumar Sekar
Published: August 2021

Graphical Abstract

Flow chart depicting the methods, preparing, and characterizing, by histological, and scanning electron microscopy, of wet (PW-HAM) and dry (PD-HAM)of wound healing dressing, and preparation of nanoparticles (HAMP ZnO NP); and application of HAM wound dressing.
Ferroptosis: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Chen Yunqing , Fan Hongyan , Wang Shijun , Tang Guanmin , Zhai Changlin , Shen Liang
Published: August 2021

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of cell death and organ damage in numerous pathologies, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute kidney injury. Current treatment methods for I/R injury are limited. Ferroptosis, which is a newly uncovered type of regulated cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation accumulation, has been investigated in various diseases. There is increasing evidence of a close association between ferroptosis and I/R injury, with ferroptosis frequently identified as a new therapeutic target for the management of I/R injury. This review summarizes the current status of ferroptosis and discusses its relationship with I/R injury, as well as potential treatment strategies targeting it.
PUM1 Is Overexpressed in Colon Cancer Cells With Acquired Resistance to Cetuximab
Authors: Liu Qizhi , Xin Cheng , Chen Yikuan , Yang Jiawen , Chen Yingying , Zhang Wei , Ye Lechi
Published: August 2021

Background

Cetuximab is an effective antibody to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, the mechanisms of acquired resistance to cetuximab therapy, especially in patients without identifiable gene mutations, are not fully understood.

Methods

Our study investigated the role of pumilio RNA-binding family member 1 (PUM1) in cetuximab resistance. We established cetuximab-resistant colon cancer cell lines SW480R and Caco-2R and knocked out PUM1 and DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-caspase 9 (Cas9) system. To check cell proliferation, we used Cell Counting Kit-8. We performed qPCR and immunoblot to examine the levels of mRNAs and proteins for each cell line.

Results

Our data showed that PUM1 was upregulated in SW480R and Caco-2R cells with increased protein levels and cell proliferation, and PUM1 knockout reduced cell viability in the presence of cetuximab. We also found that PUM1 interacted with DDX5 in 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and positively regulated its mRNA expression. Furthermore, suppression of DDX5 also decreased the proliferation of SW480R and Caco-2R cells.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that PUM1 positively regulates DDX5 and acts as a promoter in cetuximab-resistant colon cancer cells.
Insight Into the Molecular Mechanism of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Fan Hua-yang , Zhu Zhuo-li , Xian Hong-chun , Wang Hao-fan , Chen Bing-jun , Tang Ya-Jie , Tang Ya-ling , Liang Xin-hua
Published: August 2021

Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is a biologically active compound derived from the podophyllum plant, and both it and its derivatives possess excellent antitumor activity. The PTOX derivatives etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer treatment, but are far from perfect. Hence, numerous PTOX derivatives have been developed to address the major limitations of PTOX, such as systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and low bioavailability. Regarding their anticancer mechanism, extensive studies have revealed that PTOX derivatives can induce cell cycle G2/M arrest and DNA/RNA breaks by targeting tubulin and topoisomerase II, respectively. However, few studies are dedicated to exploring the interactions between PTOX derivatives and downstream cancer-related signaling pathways, which is reasonably important for gaining insight into the role of PTOX. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of PTOX derivatives in the biological behavior of tumors and potential molecular signaling pathways, aiming to help researchers design and develop better PTOX derivatives.
Investigating Predictability of the TRHR Seasonal Precipitation at Long Lead Times Using a Generalized Regression Model with Regularization
Authors: Peng Xiao , Li Tiejian , Albertson John D.
Published: August 2021

Skillful long-lead climate forecast is of great importance in managing large water systems and can be made possible using teleconnections between regional climate and large-scale circulations. Recent innovations in machine learning provide powerful tools in exploring linear/nonlinear associations between climate variables. However, while it is hard to give physical interpretation of the more complex models, the simple models can be vulnerable to over-fitting, especially when dealing with the highly “non-square” climate data. Here, as a compromise of interpretability and complexity, we proposed a regression model by coupling pooling and a generalized regression with regularization. Performance of the model is tested in estimating the Three-Rivers Headwater Region wet-season precipitation using the sea surface temperatures at lead times of 0–24 months. The model shows better predictive skill for certain long lead times when compared with some commonly used regression methods including the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) regressions. The high skill is found to relate to the persistent regional correlation patterns between the predictand precipitation and predictor SSTs as also confirmed by a correlation analysis. Furthermore, flexibility of the model is demonstrated using a multinomial regression model which shows good skill around the long lead time of 22 months. Consistent clusters of SSTs are found to contribute to both models. Two SST indices are defined based on the major clusters of predictors and are found to be significantly correlated with the predictand precipitation at corresponding lead times. In conclusion, the proposed regression model demonstrates great flexibility and advantages in dealing with collinearity while preserving simplicity and interpretability, and shows potential as a cheap preliminary analysis tool to guide further study using more complex models.
Synthesis, Optical Characterization, and Adsorption of Novel Hexavalent Chromium and Total Chromium Sorbent: A Fabrication of Mulberry Stem Biochar/Mn-Fe Binary Oxide Composite via Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Xu Shuiping , Liang Meina , Ding Yanmei , Wang Dunqiu , Zhu Yinian , Han Linbo
Published: August 2021

In this study, a new generation chromium sorbent, mulberry stem biochar/Mn-Fe binary oxide composite (MBC-MFC), was fabricated by chemical precipitation on carbonized mulberry stem according to response surface methodology (RSM) results. RSM was more convenient to figure out the optimized preparation condition of MBC-MFC theoretically for achieving a maximum removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and total chromium (TCr), compared to labor-intensive orthogonal experiments. The RSM results showed that Fe/Mn concentration (CFe; CMn), MBC activation temperature after soaking in KOH solution (T), and pH during precipitation of Fe-Mn oxide were three main factors to significantly affect the efficiency of MBC-MFC (p < 0.05) in Cr(VI) and TCr removal. With the selected condition (CFe = 0.28 mol/L; CMn = 0.14 mol/L; T = 790°C; pH = 9.0), MBC-MFC was synthesized with a large surface area (318.53 m2/g), and the point of zero charge values of MBC-MFC was 5.64. The fabricated MBC-MFC showed excellent adsorption performance of Cr(VI) and TCr in an aqueous solution. The maximum Cr(VI) and TCr removal capacity of MBC-MFC was 56.18 and 54.97 mg/g (T = 25°C, pH = 3.0, t = 48 h, and dosage = 0.10 g/50 ml), respectively, and the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption of MBC-MFC was 4.16 times that of bare MBC, suggesting the synergistic effects of Fe/Mn oxides and MB on the performance of MBC-MFC in Cr(VI) and TCr removal. The adsorption mechanism of MBC-MFC on chromium was mainly contributed by surface complexation and electrostatic attraction. Our study offers valuable outlooks to develop high-performance biochar-based sorbents for heavy metal removal and sustainable environmental remediation.
Aspergillus Fumigatus ZnfA, a Novel Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Involved in Calcium Metabolism and Caspofungin Tolerance
Authors: Valero Clara , Colabardini Ana Cristina , de Castro Patrícia Alves , Silva Lilian Pereira , Ries Laure Nicolas Annick , Pardeshi Lakhansing , Wang Fang , Rocha Marina Campos , Malavazi Iran , Silva Roberto Nascimento , Martins Celso , Domingos Patrícia , Pereira-Silva Cristina , Bromley Michael J. , Wong Koon Ho , Goldman Gustavo H.
Published: August 2021

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening fungal infection especially in the immunocompromised patients. The low diversity of available antifungal drugs coupled with the emergence of antifungal resistance has become a worldwide clinical concern. The echinocandin Caspofungin (CSP) is recommended as a second-line therapy but resistance and tolerance mechanisms have been reported. However, how the fungal cell articulates the response to CSP is not completely understood. This work provides a detailed characterization of ZnfA, a transcription factor (TF) identified in previous screening studies that is involved in the A. fumigatus responses to calcium and CSP. This TF plays an important role in the regulation of iron homeostasis and cell wall organization in response to high CSP concentrations as revealed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation coupled to DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis. Furthermore, ZnfA acts collaboratively with the key TF CrzA in modulating the response to calcium as well as cell wall and osmotic stresses. This study therefore describes the existence of an additional, previously unknown TF that bridges calcium signaling and the CSP cellular response and further exposes the complex connections that exist among different pathways which govern stress sensing and signaling in A. fumigatus.
A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Model Predicts Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment for Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Xu Congcong , Chen Hao
Published: August 2021

Background

Cutaneous melanoma is a common but aggressive tumor. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered cell death with important roles in tumor biology. Nevertheless, the prognostic power of ferroptosis-linked genes remained unclear in cutaneous melanoma.

Methods

Cutaneous melanoma patients of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) were taken as the training cohort while GSE65904 and GSE22153 as the validation cohorts. Multifactor Cox regression model was used to build a prognostic model, and the performance of the model was assessed. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analysis were used to clarify the mechanisms.

Results

A five ferroptosis-linked gene predictive model was developed. ALOX5 and GCH1 were illustrated as independent predictive factors. Functional assessment showed enriched immune-linked cascades. Immune infiltrating analysis exhibited the distinct immune microenvironment.

Conclusion

Herein, a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic model was built in cutaneous melanoma. This model could be used for prognostic prediction, and maybe helpful for the targeted and immunotherapies.
deepMNN: Deep Learning-Based Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Batch Correction Using Mutual Nearest Neighbors
Authors: Zou Bin , Zhang Tongda , Zhou Ruilong , Jiang Xiaosen , Yang Huanming , Jin Xin , Bai Yong
Published: August 2021

It is well recognized that batch effect in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data remains a big challenge when integrating different datasets. Here, we proposed deepMNN, a novel deep learning-based method to correct batch effect in scRNA-seq data. We first searched mutual nearest neighbor (MNN) pairs across different batches in a principal component analysis (PCA) subspace. Subsequently, a batch correction network was constructed by stacking two residual blocks and further applied for the removal of batch effects. The loss function of deepMNN was defined as the sum of a batch loss and a weighted regularization loss. The batch loss was used to compute the distance between cells in MNN pairs in the PCA subspace, while the regularization loss was to make the output of the network similar to the input. The experiment results showed that deepMNN can successfully remove batch effects across datasets with identical cell types, datasets with non-identical cell types, datasets with multiple batches, and large-scale datasets as well. We compared the performance of deepMNN with state-of-the-art batch correction methods, including the widely used methods of Harmony, Scanorama, and Seurat V4 as well as the recently developed deep learning-based methods of MMD-ResNet and scGen. The results demonstrated that deepMNN achieved a better or comparable performance in terms of both qualitative analysis using uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plots and quantitative metrics such as batch and cell entropies, ARI F1 score, and ASW F1 score under various scenarios. Additionally, deepMNN allowed for integrating scRNA-seq datasets with multiple batches in one step. Furthermore, deepMNN ran much faster than the other methods for large-scale datasets. These characteristics of deepMNN made it have the potential to be a new choice for large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis.
Serum Exosomal Circular RNA Expression Profile and Regulative Role in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Li Xinsheng , Wang Jingfan , Qian Huiming , Wu Yan , Zhang Zhengyu , Hu Zizhong , Xie Ping
Published: August 2021

Background

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), as one of the main microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, seriously threatens the visual function of the working-age population; yet, the underlying pathogenesis is still poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the distinct exosomal circular RNA (circRNA) expression in PDR serum and preliminarily explore the potential pro-angiogenic mechanism of specific exosomal circRNAs.

Methods

We collected serum samples from 10 patients with PDR and 10 patients with age-matched senile cataract to detect the exosomal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of circRNAs via high-throughput sequencing, followed by validation with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Next, bioinformatics analyses including competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, protein–protein interaction network (PPI), and functional enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, the potential function of circFndc3b (hsa_circ_0006156) derived from high-glucose-induced endothelial cells was analyzed in human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs).

Results

In total, 26 circRNAs, 106 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 2,264 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified as differentially expressed in PDR serum exosomes compared with cataract serum exosomes (fold change > 1, P < 0.05). A circRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA network was established. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the mRNAs were mainly enriched in the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway. The PPI network and module analysis identified 10 hub genes, including RhoA, Cdc42, and RASA1. Finally, circFndc3b and exosomes derived from high-glucose-induced endothelial cells were identified with the capability to facilitate angiogenesis in vitro.

Conclusion

Aberrant profiling of exosomal circRNAs in PDR serum was identified. CircFndc3b derived from high-glucose-induced endothelial cells may play an important role in the angiogenesis of PDR.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immune Response in Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Petruccioli Elisa , Petrone Linda , Chiacchio Teresa , Farroni Chiara , Cuzzi Gilda , Navarra Assunta , Vanini Valentina , Massafra Umberto , Lo Pizzo Marianna , Guggino Giuliana , Caccamo Nadia , Cantini Fabrizio , Palmieri Fabrizio , Goletti Delia
Published: August 2021

Subjects with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have an intrinsic higher probability to develop active-tuberculosis (TB) compared to the general population. The risk ranges from 2.0 to 8.9 in RA patients not receiving therapies. According to the WHO, the RA prevalence varies between 0.3% and 1% and is more common in women and in developed countries. Therefore, the identification and treatment of TB infection (TBI) in this fragile population is important to propose the TB preventive therapy. We aimed to study the M. tuberculosis (Mtb) specific T-cell response to find immune biomarkers of Mtb burden or Mtb clearance in patients with different TB status and different risk to develop active-TB disease. We enrolled TBI subjects as example of Mtb-containment, the active-TB as example of a replicating Mtb status, and the TBI-IMID as fragile population. To study the Mtb-specific response in a condition of possible Mtb sterilization, we longitudinally enrolled TBI subjects and active-TB patients before and after TB therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated overnight with Mtb peptides contained in TB1- and TB2-tubes of the Quantiferon-Plus kit. Then, we characterized by cytometry the Mtb-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. In TBI-IMID, the TB therapy did not affect the ability of CD4 T cells to produce interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2, their functional status, and their phenotype. The TB therapy determined a contraction of the triple functional CD4 T cells of the TBI subjects and active-TB patients. The CD45RA- CD27+ T cells stood out as a main subset of the Mtb-specific response in all groups. Before the TB-preventive therapy, the TBI subjects had higher proportion of Mtb-specific CD45RA-CD27+CD4+ T cells and the active-TB subjects had higher proportion of Mtb-specific CD45RA-CD27-CD4+ T cells compared to other groups. The TBI-IMID patients showed a phenotype similar to TBI, suggesting that the type of IMID and the IMID therapy did not affect the activation status of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells. Future studies on a larger and better-stratified TBI-IMID population will help to understand the change of the Mtb-specific immune response over time and to identify possible immune biomarkers of Mtb-containment or active replication.
Update Advances on C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections
Authors: Luan Ying-yi , Yin Cheng-hong , Yao Yong-ming
Published: August 2021

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced hyperinflammation with multiorgan dysfunction. It has been documented that severe COVID-19 is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators than a mild disease, and tracking these markers may allow early identification or even prediction of disease progression. It is well known that C-reactive protein (CRP) is the acute-phase protein and the active regulator of host innate immunity, which is highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation and may guide escalation of treatment of COVID-19-related uncontrolled inflammation. There are numerous causes of an elevated CRP, including acute and chronic responses, and these can be infectious or non-infectious in etiology. CRP are normally lacking in viral infections, while adaptive immunity appears to be essential for COVID-19 virus clearance, and the macrophage activation syndrome may explain the high serum CRP contents and contribute to the disease progression. Nevertheless, for the assessment of host inflammatory status and identification of viral infection in other pathologies, such as bacterial sepsis, the acute-phase proteins, including CRP and procalcitonin, can provide more important information for guiding clinical diagnosis and antibiotic therapy. This review is aimed to highlight the current and most recent studies with regard to the clinical significance of CRP in severe COVID-19 and other viral associated illnesses, including update advances on the implication of CRP and its form specifically on the pathogenesis of these diseases. The progressive understanding in these areas may be translated into promising measures to prevent severe outcomes and mitigate appropriate treatment modalities in critical COVID-19 and other viral infections.
Profiling Transcriptional Response of Dengue-2 Virus Infection in Midgut Tissue of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Chen Tse-Yu , Lee Yoosook , Wang Xiaodi , Mathias Derrick , Caragata Eric P. , Smartt Chelsea T.
Published: August 2021

Understanding the mosquito antiviral response could reveal target pathways or genes of interest that could form the basis of new disease control applications. However, there is a paucity of data in the current literature in understanding antiviral response during the replication period. To illuminate the gene expression patterns in the replication stage, we collected gene expression data at 2.5 days after Dengue-2 virus (DENV-2) infection. We sequenced the whole transcriptome of the midgut tissue and compared gene expression levels between the control and virus-infected group. We identified 31 differentially expressed genes. Based on their function, we identified that those genes fell into two major functional categories - (1) nucleic acid/protein process and (2) immunity/oxidative stress response. Our study has identified candidate genes that can be followed up for gene overexpression/inhibition experiments to examine if the perturbed gene interaction may impact the mosquito’s immune response against DENV. This is an important step to understanding how mosquitoes eliminate the virus and provides an important foundation for further research in developing novel dengue control strategies.
Integrative Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Body Color Formation in the Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)
Authors: Zhu Xiaowen , Hao Ruijuan , Tian Changxu , Zhang Junpeng , Zhu Chunhua , Li Guangli
Published: August 2021

Body color is an important economic and ecological trait in aquatic animals, which influence their economic values and determine the animal ability to survive in the marine environment. Red-colored Plectropomus leopardus is in high demand owing to its bright color and potential value for artificial breeding. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches were used to identify transcript and metabolic differences between black-colored and red-colored P. leopardus. Compared with the black-colored group, 218 and 181 differentially expressed genes were up- and down- regulated, respectively, in the red-colored group. 425 and 56 significantly different metabolites were identified in LC-MS positive and LC-MS negative ion models, respectively, between two colored groups. Based on the integrative analysis, the red-colored group exhibited greater carotenoid uptake, transport, and accumulation activity potential than those in the black-colored group and may consume more arachidonic acid for body color formation. The black-colored group showed greater melanin synthesis activity compared with the red-colored group. These results substantially improve the understanding of molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying body color formation in P. leopardus and the potential of body color for the environment adaptation.
New Advances in the Kinetic Modeling of Thermal Oxidation of Epoxy-Diamine Networks
Authors: Colin Xavier , Delozanne Justine , Moreau Gurvan
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the thermal oxidation mechanisms and kinetics of epoxy-diamine (EPO-DA) networks used as composite matrices reinforced with carbon fibers in the aeronautical field. The first part of this article is devoted to a detailed presentation of the new analytical kinetic model. The so-called “closed-loop” mechanistic scheme, developed in the last 3 decades in our laboratory in order to accurately describe the thermal oxidation kinetics of saturated hydrocarbon polymers, is recalled. Its main characteristics are also briefly recalled. Then, the system of differential equations derived from this oxidation mechanism is analytically solved without resorting to the usual simplifying assumptions that seriously degrade the reliability of all kinetic models. On the contrary, the generalization of the proportionalities observed between the steady concentrations of the different reactive species (i.e., hydroperoxides and alkyl and peroxy radicals) to the entire course of thermal oxidation gives a series of much sounder equations. From this basis, the kinetic model is completed by considering new structure/property relationships in order to predict the consequences of thermal oxidation on the thermomechanical properties, in particular on the glass transition temperature (Tg). To reach this second objective, the two main mechanisms responsible for the alteration of the macromolecular network structure are recalled: chain scissions and crosslinking. Like any other chemical species, their kinetics are directly expressed from the oxidation mechanistic scheme using the classical concepts of chemical kinetics. The second part of this article is devoted to the checking of the kinetic model reliability. It is shown that this latter accurately simulates the experimental curves of carbonyl build-up and Tg decrease versus time of exposure determined in our laboratory for three EPO-DA networks under study, exposed in a wide variety of thermal oxidative environments. The values determined by inverse solving method for the different model parameters are discussed and their temperature dependence are elucidated. Finally, an end-of-life criterion is proposed for predicting the lifetime of EPO-DA networks involving a predominant chain scission process.
Case Report: A Rare Orbital Abscess Caused by Dacryocystitis After Administration of Rebamipide Ophthalmic Suspension
Authors: Imamura Hitoshi , Eguchi Hiroshi , Sakamoto Masuo , Hotta Fumika , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Kusaka Shunji
Published: August 2021

Background: Rebamipide ophthalmic suspension was launched in Japan in 2012 and is used for the treatment of dry eye.

Case Presentation: We report two cases of orbital abscess, which resulted from dacryocystitis that occurred after administration of rebamipide ophthalmic suspension. Computed tomography images showed an eyeball deformity in one case and exophthalmos in the other. In both cases, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray examinations revealed lacrimal sac concretions, which contained calcium phosphate crystals that were surrounded by microorganisms. Lacrimal sac concretion removal from the lacrimal sacs during dacryocystorhinostomies was performed on both patients. Although the postoperative outcome was favorable in one case, vision was lost in the other case due to the development of retinal artery occlusion as a complication of the orbital abscess, despite lacrimal sac concretion removal and administration of antimicrobials.

Conclusions: This is the first case report to highlight that rebamipide ophthalmic suspension can cause an orbital abscess via development of lacrimal sac concretion. Ophthalmologists should be aware that rebamipide ophthalmic suspension might induce the formation of concretion in the lacrimal sac.
Risk-Taking Behaviors of Adult Bedridden Patients in Neurosurgery: What Could/Should We Do?
Authors: Lemaire Jean-Jacques , Chaix Rémi , Sontheimer Anna , Coste Jérôme , Cousseau Marie-Anne , Dubois Charlène , San Juan Mélanie , Massa Christelle , Raynaud Sandrine , Usclade Alexandra , Pontier Bénédicte , El Ouadih Youssef , Abdelouahab Kamel , Maggiani Luca , Berry François
Published: August 2021

Risk-taking behaviors of adult bedridden patients in neurosurgery are frequent, however little analyzed. We aimed to estimate from the literature and our clinical experience the incidence of the different clinical pictures. Risk-taking behaviors seem to be more frequent than reported. They are often minor, but they can lead to death, irrespective of the prescription of physical or chemical constraints. We also aimed to contextualize the risks, and to describe the means reducing the consequences for the patients. Two main conditions were identified, the loss of awareness of risk-taking behaviors by the patient, and uncontrolled body motions. Besides, current experience feedback analyses and new non-exclusive technological solutions could limit the complications, while improving prevention with wearable systems, neighborhood sensors, or room monitoring and service robots. Further research is mandatory to develop efficient and reliable systems avoiding complications and saving lives. Ethical and legal issues must also be accounted for, notably concerning the privacy of patients and caregivers.