bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature and pH on Early Hydration Rate and Apparent Activation Energy of Alkali-Activated Slag
Authors: Li Ping , Tang Jianhui , Chen Xudong , Bai Yin , Li Qiyao
Published: February 2019

In order to investigate the effect of temperature and pH on the early hydration rate of alkali-activated slag (AAS), NaOH was used as alkali activator, and the nonevaporable water (NEW) content of the slag paste at different temperatures (5, 20 and 35°C) and pH (12.10, 12.55, 13.02, and 13.58) was measured. On the basis of the Arrhenius formula, the hydration rate of slag was characterized by the content of nonevaporative water, and the apparent activation energy of slag hydration at different pH was also obtained. The early hydration rate of slag was significantly affected by temperature and pH of activator solution. The apparent activation energy Ea of slag decreased with the increase of pH, and there was a good linear relationship between them. When pH was less than 13.02, increasing the temperature can accelerate the hydration rate of slag. However, under the condition of high pH (pH = 13.58), the hydration rate of slag was negatively correlated with temperature, which was related to the “shell forming” phenomenon of slag hydration.
Reliability of Chest Wall Mobility and Its Correlation with Lung Functions in Healthy Nonsmokers, Healthy Smokers, and Patients with COPD
Authors: Reddy Ravi S. , Alahmari Khalid A. , Silvian Paul S. , Ahmad Irshad A. , Kakarparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Rengaramanujam Kanagaraj
Published: February 2019

Chest wall circumference measurements are common evaluation methods in clinical settings by therapists in order to obtain chest wall mobility. Previous published results have been conflicting, and there is a lot of variability in the method of testing, which needs testing in different conditions. Seventy subjects (25 healthy nonsmokers, 25 healthy smokers, and 20 COPD) aged between 18 and 70 years participated in the study. Upper and lower chest expansion (CE) measurements (2 levels) are performed with cloth inch tape. Intrarater (between day) and interrater (within-day) reliability of CE measurements was evaluated by two examiners. Lung function parameters, forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and vital capacity (VC) were measured using a computerized spirometer (Spiro lab 3). The intrarater reliability for upper and lower CE showed very good agreement with intraclass correlation (ICC) values between 0.90 and 0.93 for upper CE and 0.85 to 0.86 for lower CE. The interrater reliability for upper CE showed good to very good agreement with ICC values ranging between 0.78 and 0.83, and lower CE showed very good agreement with ICC values ranging between 0.82 and 0.84. Upper and lower CE showed a significant and positive correlation with all lung function parameters, with strong correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = 0.68). Upper and lower CE measurements with inch tape showed good intra- and interrater reliability and reproducibility in healthy nonsmokers, healthy smokers, and COPD subjects. Compared to upper, lower CE correlated well with the lung function parameters. Upper and lower CE may be more useful in clinical practice to evaluate chest mobility and to give indirect information on lung function but interpretation with caution is required when considering implementation into clinical setting.
Study of Hybrid Neurofuzzy Inference System for Forecasting Flood Event Vulnerability in Indonesia
Authors: Supatmi Sri , Hou Rongtao , Sumitra Irfan Dwiguna
Published: February 2019

An experimental investigation was conducted to explore the fundamental difference among the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS), Takagi–Sugeno FIS, and the proposed flood forecasting model, known as hybrid neurofuzzy inference system (HN-FIS). The study aims finding which approach gives the best performance for forecasting flood vulnerability. Due to the importance of forecasting flood event vulnerability, the Mamdani FIS, Sugeno FIS, and proposed models are compared using trapezoidal-type membership functions (MFs). The fuzzy inference systems and proposed model were used to predict the data time series from 2008 to 2012 for 31 subdistricts in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. Our research results showed that the proposed model has a flood vulnerability forecasting accuracy of more than 96% with the lowest errors compared to the existing models.
On the Application of Modified Finite Sine Transform to Structural Mechanics
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhang Sigong
Published: February 2019

The method of modified finite sine transform (MFST) was introduced to solve fourth‐order boundary value problems in structural mechanics. The analytical features and computational aspects of MFST were presented, including integral transforms of the derivatives of functions and the term‐by‐term differentiation of inverse MFST. For the simplicity of demonstrating the solution process, the cantilever beam was used in the discussion. Numerical results for transverse vibration based on the present method were compared and validated with existing results for natural frequencies. Although the present method is not superior to conventional finite sine transform method in one‐dimensional structures, it could be significantly efficient for two‐dimensional structures with asymmetric boundary conditions, especially including cantilever plates and other plates with only one free edge or two adjacent free edges.
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity and Texture Profile of Tender-Young and King Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Mesocarps under Different Treatments and the Possibility to Develop a Food Product
Authors: Kalina S. , Navaratne S. B.
Published: February 2019

The present study is aimed at analyzing the antioxidant activity using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the texture using the Brookfield texture analyzer for blanched-solar dried, blanched-cooled with dehumidification, unblanched-solar dried, and unblanched-cooled with dehumidification mesocarps of two varieties of tender coconut, such as King coconut and Young coconut. Under the different treatments, there was a significant difference in the antioxidant activity and texture parameters such as “hardness” and “chewiness” at 5% level of significance. The highest (421.8 ± 12.33 mg/L) and the lowest (856.67±6.72 mg/L) antioxidant activities were recorded for blanched-solar dried mesocarp of King coconut and unblanched-cooled with dehumidification mesocarp of Young coconut, respectively. The texture analysis shows that there is a significant difference in the “hardness” and “chewiness” under different treatments at 5% level of significance. Among the treated mesocarps highest “hardness” value (6619.7±147.1) and “chewiness” value (1079.3±54.90) were recorded for King coconut blanched-solar dried mesocarp and lowest “hardness” value (595.67±36.88) and “chewiness” value (12.634±0.836) were recorded for Young coconut blanched-cooled with dehumidification mesocarp. Since the blanched-solar dried mesocarp of King Coconut has highest antioxidant activity and lowest “chewiness”, it is more suitable to develop a food product.
An Unusual Case of Huge Tophaceous Pseudogout Mimicking as a Tumor-Like Lesion around the Ankle Joint: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sadiq Mohammed , Nayak Mayur , Farheen Ayesha , Digge Vijay
Published: February 2019

Pseudogout or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) primarily affects the joints and the periarticular tissues. Tophaceous or tumoral pseudogout is a rare form of this disease which is seen around the joints of extremities. It can be misdiagnosed as a neoplastic condition because of its clinicoradiological similarities, and thus, a proper histopathological examination is indispensable. We report one such case of extra-articular deposition of the CPPD crystals in a 65-year-old man who presented with an asymptomatic swelling around the left ankle. Radiographs showed a dense homogenous calcification, and FNAC revealed dense calcium deposits with numerous rhomboid-shaped crystals. It was managed by en bloc excision, and postoperative biopsy reports confirmed the diagnosis. Possibility of pseudogout should be kept as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with calcified soft tissue swellings and should be subjected to a detailed histopathological examination for confirmation.
PLCE1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in a Northwestern Chinese Population
Authors: Liang Ping , Zhang Wentao , Wang Weihua , Dai Peng , Wang Qin , Yan Wei , Wang Wei , Lei Xiaoying , Cui Daxiang , Yan Zhen
Published: February 2019

The reported risk susceptibility between phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) polymorphisms and esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) remained inconsistent and controversial, especially on variants other than rs2274223. The relationship between PLCE1 polymorphisms and gene expression is also unclear. Here we conducted a case-control study from northwest China, genotyped seven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PLCE1 with multiplexed SNP MassARRAY assay. Stratified analysis was carried out and PLCE1 expression was evaluated in specified groups with the method of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that the minor alleles of rs3765524, rs2274223, and rs10509670 were associated with increased risk of EC and GC. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed protective haplotypes of CCAAGTC and CCAA. By stratification, a more significant association was found in subgroups of male, age ≥ 54, tumor stages of I-II and tumor size ≤ 5 cm, EC and cardia cancer (CC) of stomach, and moderate to well differentiated squamous carcinoma. In addition, a significant association for rs3765524 with noncardia cancer (NCC) and adenocarcinoma which is predominant in China was also observed. Further expression analysis identified that PLCE1 was downregulated in NCC tissues comparing to their adjacent noncancerous tissues, and its protein expression was higher in genotype rs3765524 CT/TT than in rs3765524 CC. In summary, our study suggests that PLCE1 polymorphisms may affect its gene expression and are associated with not only EC and CC, but also, to some extent, NCC risk in this study population.
Combined Low Densities of FoxP3+ and CD3+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Identify Stage II Colorectal Cancer at High Risk of Progression
Authors: Cavalleri Tommaso , Bianchi Paolo , Basso Gianluca , Celesti Giuseppe , Grizzi Fabio , Bossi Paola , Greco Luana , Pitrone Calogero , Valtorta Emanuele , Mauri Gianluca , Truini Mauro , Dall'Olio Filippo Gustavo , Brandi Giovanni , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Ricciardiello Luigi , Torri Valter , Rimassa Lorenza , Siena Salvatore , Mantovani Alberto , Malesci Alberto , Laghi Luigi
Published: February 2019

The densities of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), combined with tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging, have prognostic value for patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. We compared the prognostic value of CD3+ and FoxP3+ TILs at the invasive front, TNM classifiers, and microsatellite (MS) status in a trial set of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer (n = 413), by recursive partitioning with a classification and regression tree (CART). Significant prognostic factors and interactions were reassessed by logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards modeling in the trial and a validation set (n = 215) of patients with stage II colorectal cancer. In the trial set, CART indicated that TIL numbers were of value only in predicting recurrence risk for stage II cancers, where low densities of FoxP3+ TILs ranked first and low densities of CD3+ TILs further stratifying risk. Multivariate analysis showed that TILs interacted with tumor stage (FoxP3+, P = 0.06; CD3+, P = 0.02) and MS instability (MSI; FoxP3+; P = 0.02). In stage II MS-stable cancers, concomitant low densities of both FoxP3+ and CD3+ TILs identified patients with the highest progression risk in the trial [HR 7.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.41–15.4; P < 0.001] and the validation (HR 15.16; 95% CI, 3.43–66.9; P < 0.001) sets. FoxP3+ and CD3+ TIL load in colorectal cancer was more informative than other prognostic factors before the cancer progressed to lymph nodes. This prognostic information about TILs, including FoxP3+ cells, suggests that randomized controlled trials might be refined to include interactions between TNM status, molecular classifiers, and postsurgical treatments.
Intraoperative Sentinel Node Mapping in the Colon: Potential and Pitfalls
Authors: Currie Andrew C.
Published: February 2019

Sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) may play a significant role in future delivery of colon cancer surgery because of an increase in early-stage, node-negative disease due to national bowel cancer screening programmes. Traditionally, colon lymphatic drainage has not been thought relevant as the operative approach cannot be tailored. Recent advances in local and endoscopic risk-reducing interventions for colonic malignancy have caused a rethink in approach. SLNM was initially attempted with blue dye techniques with limited success. Technological improvement has allowed surgeons to use near-infrared (NIR) light and NIR active tracers such as indocyanine green. This review provides an overview of the current status of intraoperative lymph node mapping in the colon, identifies challenges to the delivery of the techniques, and discusses potential solutions that may help SLNM play a role in improving the delivery of surgical care for patients with colon cancer.
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza , Jalali Akram , Jamshidi Mohammad , Moridi Heresh , Alghasi Arash , Shojaeian Ali , Mobini Gholam-Reza
Published: February 2019

Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy and accounts for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in humans; however, it is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and responsible for most deaths from endocrine cancer. Long non-coding (Lnc)RNAs are defined as non-coding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. Their expression deregulation plays an important role in the progress of cancer. These molecules are involved in physiologic cellular processes, genomic imprinting, inactivation of chromosome X, maintenance of pluripotency, and the formation of different organs via changes in chromatin, transcription, and translation. LncRNAs can act as a tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Several studies have shown that these molecules can interact with microRNAs and prevent their binding to messenger RNAs. Research has shown that these molecules play an important role in tumorigenicity, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. In thyroid cancer, several lncRNAs (MALAT1, H19, BANCR, HOTAIR) have been identified as contributing factors to cancer development, and can be used as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis or even treatment. In this article, we study the newest lncRNAs and their role in thyroid cancer.
A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Patients with Double Primary Cancers: Breast Cancer and EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Moran Teresa , Quiroga Vanesa , Cirauqui Beatriz , Vila Laia , Gil-Moreno Maria , Carcereny Enric , Margeli Mireia , Muñoz-Marmol Ana , Mate Jose Luis , Velarde Jose Maria , Molina Miguel Angel , Rosell Rafael
Published: February 2019

Background: Second primary malignancies (SPM) in the lung are not common in breast cancer (BC) patients. EGFR-mutant lung cancer (LC) is a separate molecular subset, and the co-existence of EGFR-mutant LC and BC has not been explored. We hypothesized that EGFR-mutant LC patients could have higher rates of primary BC than those with EGFR-wild type (WT). Methods: We collected data on clinical and molecular characteristics and outcomes of female patients with LC and a previous or simultaneous history of primary BC treated in our hospital from 2008 to 2014. Results: Data on treatment, follow-up, and EGFR mutation status were available for 356 patients. 17.7% (11/62) of patients with EGFR mutations had BC, compared to 1.02% (3/294) of EGFR-WT patients (p < 0.001). Both tumors were metachronous in 81.8%, with LC diagnosed 9 years after the diagnosis of BC. 5 of the 6 (83.3%) BC patients treated with radiotherapy developed LC in an area within the radiation field. No EGFR mutations were detected in BC tissue and no HER2 expression was detected in LC samples. Conclusion: SPM in the lung and breast occur more frequently among EGFR-mutant compared to EGFR-WT LC patients. Radiotherapy for BC may increase the risk of developing primary LC.
Coxsackievirus B Tailors the Unfolded Protein Response to Favour Viral Amplification in Pancreatic β Cells
Authors: Colli Maikel L. , Paula Flavia M. , Marselli Lorella , Marchetti Piero , Roivainen Merja , Eizirik Decio L. , Op de beeck Anne
Published: February 2019

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by islet inflammation and progressive pancreatic β cell destruction. The disease is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but the mechanisms leading to the triggering of early innate and late adaptive immunity and consequent progressive pancreatic β cell death remain unclear. The insulin-producing β cells are active secretory cells and are thus particularly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress plays an important role in the pathologic pathway leading to autoimmunity, islet inflammation, and β cell death. We show here that group B coxsackievirus (CVB) infection, a putative causative factor for T1D, induces a partial ER stress in rat and human β cells. The activation of the PERK/ATF4/CHOP branch is blunted while the IRE1α branch leads to increased spliced XBP1 expression and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Interestingly, JNK1 activation is essential for CVB amplification in both human and rat β cells. Furthermore, a chemically induced ER stress preceding viral infection increases viral replication, in a process dependent on IRE1α activation. Our findings show that CVB tailors the unfolded protein response in β cells to support their replication, preferentially triggering the pro-viral IRE1α/XBP1s/JNK1 pathway while blocking the pro-apoptotic PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway.
Anwendung von Augentropfen mit Ozon: Eine Fallserie von spontanen Augenerkrankungen bei Tieren und Menschen
Authors: Spadea Leopoldo , Tonti Emanuele , Spaterna Andrea , Marchegiani Andrea
Published: February 2019

Konjunktivitis, Keratokonjunktivitis und Hornhautulzera sind häufige Augenerkrankungen, die sowohl bei Menschen als auch bei Tieren oft diagnostiziert werden; die gängige Behandlung besteht in der topischen Anwendung von Augentropfen mit antiinflammatorischen und antibakteriellen Wirkstoffen. Diese Wirkstoffe sind oft von mangelhafter Wirksamkeit, da Infektionen in hypoxischem Gewebe Methicillin-resistente Staphylococcus aureus und Pseudomonas aeruginosa enthalten; daher werden neue Mittel für die Behandlung von Augenschmerzen und -entzündungen benötigt. Die Anwendung von Ozon (nach Stabilisierung für die topische Applikation in Form eines Ozonids) könnte bei bestimmten Erkrankungen des vorderen Augensegments sowohl wegen seiner entzündungshemmenden und bakteriziden Wirkung als auch durch Förderung der Gewebereparatur von Nutzen sein. Ozonisierte Öle haben die gleichen Eigenschaften wie gasförmiges Ozon und sind dabei gut verträglich für Gewebe. In der vorliegenden Arbeit berichten wir über die Reparatur- und Regenerationseffekte von ozonisiertem Öl in Liposomen plus Hypromellose (Ozodrop®, FB Vision, Ascoli Piceno, Italien) bei 3- bis 4-mal täglicher Instillation zur Behandlung spontaner externer Augenerkrankungen bei Mensch und Tier. Übersetzung aus Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018;9:287-298
Health Literacy: The Reality of a Community in Alto Minho
Authors: Alves Odete Maria Azevedo , Morais Maria Carminda Soares , Barreiras Catarina Carvalhido , Cruz Marisa de Jesus Gomes , Lima Ana Maria Damião Lopes
Published: February 2019

Background: Limited health literacy makes decision-making difficult and has implications for individual health, costs, and the organization of health systems in general, and therefore must be studied in different communities, allowing an adequate response to the specificities, particularities, and potentialities of each local situation. Methods: To evaluate the level of health literacy and relate it to sociodemographic variables (sex, age group, education, and employment situation), this study was carried out in a population of 3,927 individuals from a parish of Alto Minho with a random probabilistic sample of 351 individuals, stratified by age and sex, with a sampling error of 5%. This is a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study. Results: The majority of respondents were female (54.1%), with a mean age (±SD) of 44.94 ± 19.048 years, had higher education qualifications (74.0%), and were professionally active (61.0%). The health literacy of this community is limited (66.1%) in its different domains. In all of them, individuals assume easy and very easy activities that do not involve critical analysis and interpretation, and reveal greater difficulty in those that require this ability. Statistically significant relationships were found between the level of health literacy and schooling (χ2 = 33.552 and p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: This study allowed us to recognize that the health literacy level of this Alto Minho community is limited. Also, the fact that it is related to certain sociodemographic variables sheds light on the health literacy level of the people of this community and on the challenges of promoting it.
A Case Report of Chyloretroperitoneum Post Living-Donor Transplantation
Authors: Kawaguchi Shohei , Kadono Yoshifumi , Nohara Takahiro , Kato Yuki , Nakagawa Tomomi , Urata Satoko , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Nakashima Kazufumi , Iijima Masashi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: February 2019

Chyloretroperitoneum is a rare complication of urological surgery. Here we report a case of chyloretroperitoneum that occurred in a 28-year-old man post living-donor transplantation. Twenty-nine days post transplantation, perirenal fluid collection and hydronephrosis were detected and percutaneous drainage was performed. The fluid was chylous and revealed a very high triglyceride concentration (1,197 mg/dL). Total parenteral nutrition and administration of octreotide were performed, but the leakage did not improve. On the contrary, the drainage fluid gradually increased to 1,600 mL/day, and a laparoscopic fenestration was performed owing to a concern about the adverse effects of massive lymph loss. Ascites temporarily appeared but disappeared 3 months post fenestration. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of pelvic chyloretroperitoneum post living-donor transplantation. Furthermore, if chyloretroperitoneum treatment using diet control or octreotide is ineffective, laparoscopic fenestration can be considered as a treatment option.
Optimizing Vitamin and Trace Element Profiles in Blood after Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery by a New Parenteral Nutrition Formula
Authors: Fukatsu Kazuhiko , Shineha Ryuzaburo , Kawauchi Yoshiyuki , Saeki Masayo , Nakayama Mitsuo
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Though micronutrient formulations for parenteral nutrition (PN) have been revised, the impacts of these changes on nutritional parameters, blood micronutrient levels, and safety have yet to be clarified. We examined the efficacy and safety of a new PN formulation with a micronutrient composition based on the Food and Drug Administration 2000 recommendation in surgical patients. Methods: This phase III clinical trial (JapicCTI-No. 142610) was a prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, open-label, multicenter study. Two types of PN, OPF-108 (revised formula, n = 51) and ELN (previous formula mainly based on American Medical Association 1975 guidelines, n = 59), were given to patients from POD1 or 2 to POD7 after surgery. OPF-108 contains more vitamin B1, B6, C, and folic acid, a much lower dose of vitamin K, and less iron than ELN. Nutritional parameters and micronutrient profiles in blood and safety were evaluated. Results: Nutritional parameters on POD5 and 8 were similar between the 2 groups. Blood vitamin B1, B6, and folic acid levels on POD 5 and 8 were higher in the OPF-108 group than in the ELN group. Only OPF-108 restored vitamin C levels to within the normal range on POD5 and 8. Vitamin K levels far exceeded the upper limit of the standard range on POD5 and 8 in the ELN group, whereas OPF-108 essentially maintained these levels within the standard ranges. Serum iron levels on POD8 were nearly normal in both the OPF-108 and ELN groups. Conclusion: Beneficial effects of the new micronutrient formulation were demonstrated in surgical patients.
Effects of Mirabegron on Anxiety and Depression in Female Patients with Overactive Bladder
Authors: Kinjo Manami , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Tambo Mitsuhiro , Okegawa Takatsugu , Fukuhara Hiroshi
Published: February 2019

Background: Treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) with antimuscarinic agents has been shown to improve depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mirabegron on OAB symptoms and its effects on depression and/or anxiety of treatment-naïve women with OAB. Methods: Women treated with mirabegron were prospectively evaluated by the OAB symptom score and hospital anxiety and depression Scale before and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analyses, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Of the 112 patients who were enrolled, 25.0% had been previously diagnosed as having clinical anxiety and 22.3% as having clinical depression. The OAB, anxiety, and depression symptom scores were significantly improved at both 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Anxiety, but not depression, symptoms were significantly correlated with OAB symptoms. Conclusion: Improvement of OAB symptoms helps relieve anxiety, but not depression.
Osimertinib Did Not Respond to a Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Triple Mutations of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, G719S, T790M and S768I
Authors: Minami Seigo , Ihara Shouichi , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Okada Hideyasu , Hashimoto Kazuki , Komuta Kiyoshi
Published: February 2019

Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations include G719S, T790M and S768I. T790M gatekeeper mutation is the most frequent mechanism of acquired drug resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Osimertinib is a specific EGFR-TKI to overcome T790M resistance mutation. However, owing to a new drug and a rare mutation type, it remains unknown whether osimertinib is effective for acquired S768I. Herein, we reported a 76 year-old woman with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, which had acquired EGFR mutations of S768I and T790M in addition to original G719S after long gefitinib treatment. These mutations were detected in biopsy specimen of liver metastases. During two months of osimertinib, multiple liver metastases progressively enlarged. This case suggested that acquired S768I mutation might be resistant to osimeritinib, despite of co-occurrence of T790M.
“Uma Vez”
Authors: Krug Marcelo , Ruscheinsky Elena , Horst Cristiane
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os usos da palavra mal na língua alemã, comparandoos com possíveis traduções para a língua portuguesa. A partir dos dados levantados e analisados, busca-se descrever o uso da variante uma vez no português em Itapiranga e São João do Oeste, localidades situadas no oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil, com forte presença de falantes do alemão Hunsrückisch como língua de imigração. Para a realização do estudo, seguiu-se a metodologia proposta pela dialetologia pluridimensional e relacional, conforme Thun (1998). No presente estudo, realizaram-se entrevistas com 16 falantes bilíngues Hunsrückisch/português das duas localidades.
Intensidade dos Processos Antropogênicos no Entorno do Reservatório do Ribeirão João Leite – Goiás – Brasil
Authors: Santos Sara Alves dos , Nunes Fabrizia Gioppo , Santos Alex Mota dos
Published: February 2019

O reservatório do Ribeirão João Leite ocupa parte das áreas dos municípios de Goiânia, Nerópolis, Goianápolis e Teresópolis de Goiás e tem como objetivo o abastecimento público de Goiânia e de grande parcela dos municípios de sua região metropolitana (RMG), suficiente até o ano de 2025. Apesar de sua importância, o reservatório vem sofrendo diversas pressões de interesses de múltiplos usos em seu entorno, o que poderá comprometer a sua vida útil, na questão da quantidade e qualidade de água para o abastecimento público. Neste sentido, o presente artigo visa mapear e identificar as atividades de uso e cobertura da terra no entorno do reservatório do Ribeirão João Leite, na perspectiva de avaliar o seu nível de pressão antrópica. Para tanto, fez-se uso de técnicas de Processamento Digital de Imagem (PDI) e modelagem de dados em SIG. Os resultados revelam que apesar da presença de unidades de conservação, como o Parque Ecológico Altamiro Moura Pacheco e o Parque Estatual do João Leite, auxiliarem na contenção das pressões no entorno do reservatório, mais de 40% de sua área apresenta atividades consideradas degradantes. Constata-se ainda a presença de um deposito de lixo a céu aberto próximo a este. Além disso, as condições dos cursos hídricos que o abastecem são preocupantes, com nascentes já comprometidas em situações conflitantes nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP).
Técnicas Geomorfométricas Para a Identificação de Padrões de Relevo: Aplicação nas Cartas Curitiba e Cerro Azul, Estado do Paraná
Authors: Bortolini Willian , Taborda da Silveira Claudinei , Pinheiro Silveira Ricardo Michael , França da Silva Julio Manoel
Published: February 2019

A representação da morfologia do relevo é um dos aspectos que constituem a cartografia geomorfológica (juntamente com as representações dos processos, gênese e dos materiais constituintes do relevo). Fazendo uso desse recurso, o objetivo do trabalho é empregar técnicas geomorfométricas para a identificação de padrões de relevo na escala 1:100.000, no Primeiro Planalto Paranaense, numa porção que compreende as cartas Curitiba (MI 2842) e Cerro Azul (MI 2826). Para isto foi gerado o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE), do qual foram obtidos quatro atributos topográficos: declividade, Índice de Posição Topográfica (IPT), amplitude altimétrica e média da declividade. A declividade foi calculada utilizando uma janela móvel 3x3 células, e os demais atributos a partir de raios circulares, cuja dimensão foi obtida pela moda do comprimento das vertentes, variando conforme as características das subunidades morfoesculturais presentes na área. Os atributos foram discretizados segundo parâmetros determinísticos, por meio do auxílio da campanha de trabalhos de campo que identificou os padrões de relevo. A declividade e o IPT foram combinados por álgebra de mapas, identificando as planícies fluviais. A amplitude altimétrica e a média da declividade foram combinadas para a identificação das colinas suaves, morrotes, morros ondulados, morros fortemente ondulados e morros elevados. Estes padrões de relevo foram caracterizados morfometricamente, além de serem relacionados com os aspectos geológicos, possibilitando a discussão acerca da gênese. Quanto à técnica empregada, esta mostrou-se aplicável à identificação dos padrões de relevo, apresentando resultados concordantes com as observações de campo, além de avançar quanto a otimização e o processo de delimitação dos padrões de relevo quando comparado as técnicas tradicionais.
Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II to Metabolic Gene Promoters Is Inhibited in the Failing Heart Possibly Through PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α) Dysregulation
Authors: Bhat Santosh , Chin Adave , Shirakabe Akihiro , Ikeda Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Shohei , Zhai Peiyong , Hsu Chiao-po , Sayed Danish , Abdellatif Maha , Byun Jaemin , Schesing Kevin , Tang Fan , Tian Yimin , Babu Gopal , Ralda Guersom , Warren Junco S. , Cho Jaeyeaon , Sadoshima Junichi , Oka Shin-ichi
Published: February 2019

Background:

Proper dynamics of RNA polymerase II, such as promoter recruitment and elongation, are essential for transcription. PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-γ coactivator-1α), also termed PPARGC1a, is a transcriptional coactivator that stimulates energy metabolism, and PGC-1α target genes are downregulated in the failing heart. However, whether the dysregulation of polymerase II dynamics occurs in PGC-1α target genes in heart failure has not been defined.

Methods and Results:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed that reduced promoter occupancy was a major form of polymerase II dysregulation on PGC-1α target metabolic gene promoters in the pressure-overload–induced heart failure model. PGC-1α-cKO (cardiac-specific PGC-1α knockout) mice showed phenotypic similarity to the pressure-overload–induced heart failure model in wild-type mice, such as contractile dysfunction and downregulation of PGC-1α target genes, even under basal conditions. However, the protein levels of PGC-1α were neither changed in the pressure-overload model nor in human failing hearts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the promoter occupancy of polymerase II and PGC-1α was consistently reduced both in the pressure-overload model and PGC-1α-cKO mice. In vitro DNA binding assays using an endogenous PGC-1α target gene promoter sequence confirmed that PGC-1α recruits polymerase II to the promoter.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that PGC-1α promotes the recruitment of polymerase II to the PGC-1α target gene promoters. Downregulation of PGC-1α target genes in the failing heart is attributed, in part, to a reduction of the PGC-1α occupancy and the polymerase II recruitment to the promoters, which might be a novel mechanism of metabolic perturbations in the failing heart.
Relative Prognostic Importance and Optimal Levels of Risk Factors for Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rawshani Aidin , Rawshani Araz , Sattar Naveed , Franzén Stefan , McGuire Darren K. , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Zethelius Björn , Miftaraj Mervete , Rosengren Annika , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia
Published: February 2019

Background:

The strength of association and optimal levels for risk factors related to excess risk of death and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus have been sparsely studied.

Methods:

In a national observational cohort study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 1998 to 2014, we assessed relative prognostic importance of 17 risk factors for death and cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We used Cox regression and machine learning analyses. In addition, we examined optimal cut point levels for glycohemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were followed up until death or study end on December 31, 2013. The primary outcomes were death resulting from all causes, fatal/nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, fatal/nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure.

Results:

Of 32 611 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 1809 (5.5%) died during follow-up over 10.4 years. The strongest predictors for death and cardiovascular outcomes were glycohemoglobin, albuminuria, duration of diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Glycohemoglobin displayed ≈2% higher risk for each 1-mmol/mol increase (equating to ≈22% per 1% glycohemoglobin difference), whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with 35% to 50% greater risk for each 1-mmol/L increase. Microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria was associated with 2 to 4 times greater risk for cardiovascular complications and death. Glycohemoglobin <53 mmol/mol (7.0%), systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <2.5 mmol/L were associated with significantly lower risk for outcomes observed.

Conclusions:

Glycohemoglobin, albuminuria, duration of diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol appear to be the most important predictors for mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lower levels for glycohemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than contemporary guideline target levels appear to be associated with significantly lower risk for outcomes.
Productivity Burden of Hypertension in Australia
Authors: Hird Thomas R. , Zomer Ella , Owen Alice J. , Magliano Dianna J. , Liew Danny , Ademi Zanfina
Published: February 2019

Hypertension increases the risk of premature death and reduces work productivity. We estimated the burden of hypertension in Australia in terms of productivity lost over the working lifetime of the Australian population. Life table models were used to estimate excess mortality, years of life lost, and productivity-adjusted life years lost among Australians with hypertension and of working age (20 to 69 years), with simulated follow-up until age 70 years. In 2017, an estimated 4.1 million working-age Australians (25.9%) had hypertension, of whom an estimated 21.6% were treated and controlled, 17.0% were treated but uncontrolled, and 61.4% were untreated. With simulated follow-up, over 149 846 excess deaths leading to a loss of over 548 794 years of life were predicted to occur in the hypertension cohort. Hypertension also caused the loss of 609 801 productivity-adjusted life years (2.4%), equating to AUD$137.2 billion in lost gross domestic product over the working lifetime. A 25% reduction in hypertension prevalence, in line with the World Health Organisation Global Action Plan targets, would lead to 155 450 productivity-adjusted life years saved over the working lifetime, whereas the adequate treatment and control of all of those with hypertension would lead to 342 538 productivity-adjusted life years saved. This equates to AUD$34.3 billion and $76.4 billion in gross domestic product retained over the working lifetime of the cohort, respectively. Our findings highlight the considerable economic burden of hypertension in Australia and that effective strategies aimed at the prevention and adequate control of hypertension are likely to pay significant economic dividends for individuals, employers, and governments in the longer term.
Alpha-Synuclein Deposition Within Sympathetic Noradrenergic Neurons Is Associated With Myocardial Noradrenergic Deficiency in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Isonaka Risa , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Sullivan Patti , Corrales Abraham , Holmes Courtney , Sharabi Yehonatan , Goldstein David S.
Published: February 2019

Lewy body diseases involve neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH), cardiac noradrenergic deficiency, and deposition of the protein AS (alpha-synuclein) in sympathetic ganglion tissue. Mechanisms linking these abnormalities are poorly understood. One link may be AS deposition
within
sympathetic neurons. We validated methodology to quantify AS colocalization with TH (tyrosine hydroxylase), a marker of sympathetic noradrenergic innervation, and assessed associations of AS/TH colocalization with myocardial norepinephrine content and cardiac sympathetic neuroimaging data in nOH. Postmortem sympathetic ganglionic AS/TH colocalization indices and myocardial norepinephrine contents were measured in 4 Lewy body and 3 rare non-Lewy body nOH patients. Sixteen Lewy body and 11 non-Lewy body nOH patients underwent in vivo skin biopsies and thoracic
18
F-dopamine positron emission tomographic scanning, with cutaneous colocalization indices expressed versus cardiac
18
F-dopamine–derived radioactivity. Ganglionic AS/TH colocalization indices were higher and myocardial norepinephrine lower in Lewy body than non-Lewy body nOH (
P
=0.0020,
P
=0.014). The Lewy body nOH group had higher AS/TH colocalization indices in skin biopsies and lower myocardial
18
F-dopamine–derived radioactivity than did the non-Lewy body nOH group (
P
<0.0001 each). All Lewy body nOH patients had colocalization indices >1.5 in skin biopsies and
18
F-dopamine–derived radioactivity <6000 nCi-kg/cc-mCi, a combination not seen in non-Lewy body nOH patients (
P
<0.0001). In Lewy body nOH, AS deposition in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves is related to postmortem neurochemical and in vivo neuroimaging evidence of myocardial noradrenergic deficiency. These associations raise the possibility that intraneuronal AS deposition plays a pathophysiological role in the myocardial sympathetic neurodegeneration attending Lewy body nOH.
Hier irrt Goethe: Rediscovering the Satirical Operetta of the Weimar Era
Authors: Lareau Alan
Published: February 2019

Despite a recent boom in operetta research and productions in Germany, one stage work that was a sensation in 1932 has been overlooked: the improvisational Hier irrt Goethe (Here Goethe Errs) by the Munich-based student cabaret troupe Die vier Nachrichter. On the 200th anniversary of Goethe’s death, the group burlesqued the conventions of operetta and the authority of literary history. The show launched spectacular careers but also signaled the close of the Weimar Republic.
Bellevalia sasonii (Asparagaceae): a new species from Turkey
Authors: FİDAN MEHMET
Published: February 2019

Bellevalia sasonii is herein described as a new species from south-eastern Anatolia, distributed only in the Sason district, in the province of Batman (Turkey), where it grows in oak forest clearances. B.sasonii is morphologically similar to B. malatyaensis, from which can be distinguished by the bulb, leaf, scape, pedicel, bud lobes and capsule characters. A full description and detailed photographs of this new species are provided. In addition, the ecology and phenology of the new species, as well as its etymology and pollen characteristics, are presented and discussed.                According to the risk categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), B. sasonii was assessed as Endangered (EN). An updated distribution map of B. sasonii and related species are presented.
New species of Hoho, Mallacoota and Parelasmopus (Maeridae: Amphipoda) from Australian waters
Authors: HUGHES L. E.
Published: February 2019

Fourteen new species of Maeridae amphipods from tropical and temperate Australian waters, including the offshore territories of Norfolk Island, Tasman Sea; Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands, Indian Ocean are described. Six new species of Hoho Lowry & Fenwick, 1983, seven new species of Mallacoota J.L. Barnard, 1972 and one new species of Parelasmopus Stebbing, 1888 are included: Hoho fenwicki sp. nov., H. kalbarri sp. nov., H. kangarooensis sp. nov., H. lowryi sp. nov., H. tricarinata sp. nov., H. wittecarra sp. nov., Mallacoota barnardi sp. nov., M. bulowara sp. nov., M. kunmunyah sp. nov., M. maridwinae sp. nov., M. penelope sp. nov., M. sirius sp. nov., M. worimi sp. nov. and Parelasmopus aumogo sp. nov., are described herein. New distributions records are provided for 14 known species including Parelasmopus dancaui Ortiz & Lalana, 1997 and Mallacoota insignis (Chevreux, 1901) which have not been recorded from Australia before.
A new species of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Salta Province, Argentina
Authors: ABDALA CRISTIAN SIMÓN , QUINTEROS ANDRÉS SEBASTIÁN , ARIAS FEDERICO , PORTELLI SABRINA , PALAVECINO ANTONIO
Published: February 2019

We describe a new species of the iguanian genus Liolaemus of Northwestern Argentina in Salta Province. This new lizard is a member of the L. boulengeri group, and within this group it is a member of the L. darwinii subgroup. With the addition of the species described here, the L. darwinii group now contains 19 species. Like most of the members of this group, the new taxon exhibits sexual dichromatism, showing a unique color pattern in males and females. The color pattern is characterized by the presence of a pre-scapular spot and lateral black stripes, unique within the L. darwinii group. Liolaemus diaguita sp nov inhabits a region where bushes are the predominant vegetation, in Quebrada de Las Conchas, in Guachipas Department, Salta Province, which has an elevation between 1200–2500 m.
Redescription of four species of Spio and Microspio (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from the Kuril Islands and Peter the Great Bay, northwest Pacific
Authors: BICK ANDREAS , MEIßNER KARIN
Published: February 2019

The type material and additional specimens deposited in the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, of four poorly known species of Microspio and Spio, M. kussakini Chlebovitsch, 1959, S. kurilensis Buzhinskaya, 1990 comb. nov., S. picta Zachs, 1933 and S. unidentata Chlebovitsch, 1959, were examined. All species occur in intertidal or shallow subtidal areas of the northwest Pacific Ocean. Previously available taxonomic information on these species was from brief original descriptions and very few additional publications. A redescription of these four species is presented including detailed descriptions and illustrations of morphological characters. Comments on the taxonomic status are added. Diagnostic characters of Microspio and Spio species are discussed.
Notes on the genus Dolichothrombium (Acari: Prostigmata: Trombidiidae)with description of a new species
Authors: MĄKOL JOANNA , SEVSAY SEVGI
Published: February 2019

A new species, Dolichothrombium anatoliae sp. nov., is described based on active postlarval forms and larvae. Larvae of Dolichothrombium Feider, 1945 were obtained for the first time by experimental rearing from field-collected females. Azaritrombium Saboori, Bagheri et Haddad Irani-nejad, 2005, hitherto known exclusively from larvae, is regarded as a junior synonym of Dolichothrombium. Diagnoses of active postlarval forms and larvae are given and all species assigned to Dolichothrombium are listed. An identification key to active postlarval forms and larvae is provided.
A new family within the holothuroid order Dactylochirotida with description of a new species from South Africa and comments on the dendrochirotid genus Neoamphicyclus Hickman, 1962 and the molpadid genus Cherbonniera Sibuet, 1974 (Echinodermata)
Authors: THANDAR AHMED , ARUMUGAM PREYAN
Published: February 2019

A new species of Cucumella, C. triperforata, with simple, digitate tentacles is described from deep waters off the east coast of South Africa. Since C. triplex, the type species of this genus, also has simple, digitate tentacles, the genus Cucumella together with its type species is removed from the Dendrochirotida and re-assigned to a new family, Cucumellidae, within the Dactylochirotida. The remaining species of Cucumella, with the exception of C. decaryi Cherbonnier (= Neostichopus grammatus (H.L. Clark, 1923)) are assigned to Neoamphicyclus Hickman, 1962 within the dendrochirotid subfamily Thyonidiinae. The ossicles of the new species bear a striking resemblance to those of the molpadid Cherbonniera utriculus Sibuet, but ordinal differences readily separate the taxa.
Leptychaster kerguelenensis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Southwest Atlantic: Redescription and geographic distribution
Authors: ROMANELLI MARIELA V. , TABLADO ALEJANDRO
Published: February 2019

The only two specimens of Leptychaster spp. reported from Southwest Atlantic, were determined as L. kerguelenensis mendosus by Fisher (1940). Twelve specimens of Leptychaster kerguelenensis from Argentine continental shelf collected by the R/V Shinkai Maru, and two specimens from Kerguelen Islands collected by B.A.N.Z.A.R.E., were used to redescribe the species. All the material is deposited at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". All Atlantic specimens agree with the description of Leptychaster kerguelenensis and no morphological differences were found with specimens from Kerguelen Islands. From the present study, no subspecies are recognized within L. kerguelenensis and L. mendosus is a junior synonym of the former.