bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la douleur somatique à la douleur psychique : le corps dans le champ analytique
Authors: Hartung Thomas , Steinbrecher Gyrhofst Michael
Published: September 2019

L’intégration de la psyché et du soma commence par le premier contact du bébé avec son ou ses parents. Soutenus par l’empathie et la rêverie maternelle, les éléments bêta sont transformés en éléments alpha. Alors que nous comprenons ce processus, nous voudrions explorer le devenir réel de ces parties de l’affect qui n’ont pas été transformées. Leur destin est probablement d’être en grande partie évacuées, mais elles peuvent aussi rester dans le corps, contribuant plus tard à la formation des symptômes psychosomatiques. Cet article décrit la manière dont le corps fonctionne comme une mémoire intermédiaire entre la réalité psychique (interne) et la réalité externe. Les auteurs se concentrent sur le processus de communication inconscient entre l’analyste et l’analysant et en particulier sur la manière dont les symptômes psychosomatiques peuvent se propager dans le corps de l’analyste. Ce dernier peut devenir sensible aux symptômes psychosomatiques de l’analysant afin de mieux comprendre le processus psychanalytique. Les processus sensoriels (visuels et auditifs) et les mécanismes psychiques tels que l’identification projective peuvent servir de moyens de communication.
Self-Reported Metal Allergy and Early Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Schmidt Kenneth J. , Huang Philip S. , Colwell Clifford W. , McCauley Julie C. , Pulido Pamela A. , Bugbee William D.
Published: September 2019

The impact of self-reported metal allergy (SRMA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. In the absence of objective tests, SRMA is often used as a screening tool for implant selection. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of SRMA on early outcomes after TKA. Between 2010 and 2014, 168 patients with SRMA underwent TKA; 150 (89%) received nickel-free implants, and 18 (11%) received cobalt-chrome implants that contained nickel. Mean age was 67 years, and 95% were female. A cohort of 858 TKA patients (mean age, 68 years) without SRMA matched by sex served as the control group. Outcomes included Knee Society Score (function [KSS-F] and knee [KSS-K]), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, knee flexion, further surgery, and complications. No differences were seen in KSS-F and KSS-K between patients with and without SRMA. The mean WOMAC pain scores were 89.1 for patients with SRMA and 85.2 for patients without SRMA (
P
=.030). Stiffness and physical function scores were similar. Knee flexion was similar. No differences were found between nickel-free and cobalt-chrome SRMA groups. Patients with SRMA and those without demonstrated similar early functional outcomes. Patients with SRMA who received standard cobalt-chrome implants had no significant difference in functional outcomes compared with patients with nickel-free implants. Better identifiers of patients at risk for adverse events due to implant material are needed. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(6):330–334.]
Acute Otitis Media and Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Review for the General Pediatric Practitioner
Authors: Homme Jason H.
Published: September 2019

For pediatric practitioners, acute otitis media (AOM) and group A streptococcal pharyngitis are two of the most common infections seen in ambulatory practices. The purpose of this article is to review these conditions with the focus of highlighting evidence-based guidelines. AOM in children is a visual diagnosis and not one that can be made on history alone. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines have clear criteria to aid clinicians in how to diagnose AOM. The pneumatic otoscope is the standard tool used to diagnose otitis media, and the AAP guidelines stress developing proficiency in distinguishing a normal tympanic membrane from otitis media with effusion or AOM. There are several components to appropriate management (treatment) of AOM including analgesia, education, antibiotics, and the option (for some) for observation. Group A streptococcal pharyngitis is the most common bacterial cause of sore throat in children but still only accounts for a minority of cases. History and physical examination help determine who should be tested. Testing is required to determine who to treat. Up to 15% of children in the United States are carriers, so indiscriminate testing can lead to inappropriate antibiotic use. If a patient's test is positive, treatment is recommended and penicillin or amoxicillin are appropriate for most cases.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(9):e343–e348.]
Pyogenic Arthritis
Authors: Holmen Jenna E. , Yi Jumi
Published: September 2019

The incidence of septic arthritis among children in developed countries is estimated to be 4 to 10 cases per 100,000 children per year, peaking at about age 3 years. The most common causative organism is
Staphylococcus aureus
, although the microbiology varies by age. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is critical to prevent long-term sequelae. Empiric therapy should target the most likely causative organism(s) and total duration generally falls between 10 days and 4 weeks depending on clinical course, patient age, and organism. A short intravenous course is sufficient in most cases. Unusual and alternate causes of arthritis should be considered in special cases.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(9):e354–e359.]
Choking in Children: What to Do and How to Prevent
Authors: Dowd M. Denise
Published: September 2019

Choking happens when a child's airway is blocked by a foreign substance that impairs oxygenation and ventilation. It is one of the most frightening scenarios a parent can imagine. It happens suddenly and can have the direst of consequences. Small objects, such as food and candy, are the usual offenders. Child-related risk factors are largely developmental due to physical and cognitive immaturity. This article describes the magnitude of the problem, delineates some of the risks, and outlines prevention.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(9):e338–e340.]
Waterflooding Process in an Irregularly Shaped Oil Reservoir: A Finite-Volume Approach
Authors: de Brito Correia B.R. , Moreira G. , Fernandes Magalhães H. Luma , de Brito M.K. Teixeira , Barbosa de Lima A.G.
Published: September 2019

Oil reservoirs are porous and permeable rocks that allow the hydrocarbon accumulation. Reservoir simulations are necessary to obtain the best fluid flow conditions in the porous medium and increase oil recovery capacity. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of the absolute rock permeability on the oil recovery of a complex geometry oil reservoir, using water injection with the black oil model. Numerical simulations in boundary-fitted coordinates were performed in a two-dimensional and irregularly shaped reservoir. Finite volume method was used to solve the governing equations and two inverted five-spot meshes were set in parallel for a total injection time of 30 years. Results of injected porous volume per recovered oil volume, the water cut charts and the water saturations maps showed that the lower porous medium permeability increased the oil recovery, once the permeability intensified fingers and early breakthrough, which leads to high water production rates and consequent reduction of the waterflooding efficiency.
Hygric Permeance - New Calculation Methodology
Authors: Azevedo A.C. , Delgado João M.P.Q. , Guimarães A.S. , Ribeiro I.M.
Published: September 2019

After intensifying the knowledge of hygric permeance (HP) in multi-layered test samples, which were subjected to the imbibition process, a significant set of HP values (with different interface types) was experimentally achieved. This was done in order to develop a new model which allows estimating more correctly the hygric permeance. The idea is predicts the HP with several scenarios, i.e., different interfaces (perfect contact, hydraulic contact and air space interface), interfaces heights and materials studied, in the attempt to estimate the HP without the need to resort to the measurement by the experimental route in the attempt to estimate the HP without the need to resort to the measurement by the experimental route and even with possible measurement, generator automatic calculation (without human opinion/criteria). In this paper, the Hygric Permeance will be calculated by two different methods, gravimetric and gamma ray methods, and a new methodology proposes. The maximum flows transmitted were determined by the slope of the mass variation per contact area in function of the time involved. When having interface, the calculations admit that the first layer is saturated and that all the increased weight stems becomes from the relative humidity that penetrates the interface. The new methodology proposed is analysis of the prevision mathematical model that describes the mass variation per contact area in function of the time, after the “knee point”. This work it is the first attempt to provide a set of values that refer from hygric permeance in masonry of building walls, these being random values experimentally determined.
Performance and Loads of a Reduced-Scale Coaxial Counterrotating Rotor
Authors: Cameron Christopher , Sirohi Jayant , Schmaus Joseph , Chopra Inderjit
Published: September 2019

The results of hover and wind tunnel tests of a reduced-scale, closely spaced, rigid, coaxial counterrotating rotor system are presented, along with results from a comprehensive analysis. The system features two-bladed upper and lower rotors, 2.03 m in diameter, with uniform section,
untwisted rotor blades. Measurements include upper and lower rotor steady and vibratory hub loads, as well as control angles and control loads. Blade tip clearance was measured using an optical sensor. The rotor system was tested in hover and at advance ratios between 0.21 and 0.53, at collective
pitches ranging from 2° to 10° achieving blade loadings in excess of 0.10. At each forward flight operating condition, sweeps of lift offset up to 20% were performed, while selected test conditions were repeated at different rotor speeds and interrotor index angles. Hover tests showed
that aerodynamic interaction between upper and lower rotors decreased individual rotor performance compared to isolated rotors and induced a four-per-revolution vibratory load corresponding to the blade passage frequency. In forward flight, the rotor effective lift-to-drag ratio was found
to increase with increasing advance ratio and lift offset, resulting in a 30% improvement at 20% lift offset and 0.5 advance ratio. The lower coaxial rotor was found to operate at higher lift-to-drag ratio than the upper rotor, in contrast to the behavior in hover. Lift offset resulted in
a decrease in blade tip clearance with a corresponding increase in rotor side force. Vibratory loads increased with advance ratio, with the largest loads in the two- and four-per-revolution harmonics. Lift offset, in conjunction with interrotor index angle, is shown to modify vibratory forces
and moments transmitted to the fixed frame, increasing some force components while decreasing others.
Anxiety and depression in adolescents with asthma and in their parents: a study in clinical practice
Authors: Licari Amelia , Ciprandi Riccardo , Marseglia Gianluigi , Ciprandi Giorgio
Published: September 2019

Emotional disorders, namely anxiety and depression, frequently affect adolescents with asthma. In addition, their parents also may present emotional problems. The objective of this study was to investigate anxiety and depression in asthmatic adolescents and in their parents in a real-life setting. A series of adolescents with allergic asthma were consecutively enrolled. Asthma was diagnosed according to the GINA document and consistently the symptom control grade was assessed. We used the HADS questionnaire for the adolescents, and HADS, STAY, and BDI questionnaires for their parents. Globally, 121 adolescents (71 males, 50 females, mean age 13.4±0.8 years, age ranging between 12 and 15 years) with allergic asthma and their parents were evaluated. Only 29% of adolescents had controlled asthma. Adolescents with controlled asthma had lower HADS-A and HADS-D scores than other patients, whereas there was no difference among parents. Severe maternal anxiety was more frequent in poorly controlled subjects than in partially controlled ones; absence of maternal anxiety was more common in controlled subjects. The preliminary results of the current study suggest that anxiety and depression are common in adolescents suffering from asthma as well as in their parents, mainly in mothers. Emotional disorders might affect also the asthma control. Thus, in clinical practice, the psychological assessment could be included in the asthma work-up.
Microscopic polyangiitis in a case of silica exposure: a rare presentation
Authors: Gupta Nitesh , Mahendran A J , Chakrabarti Shibdas , Agrawal Sumita
Published: September 2019

A 28-year-old male was admitted for breathlessness, haemoptysis, fever and fatigue. The patient had occupational exposure to silica dust. Arterial blood gas test ABG revealed hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest CT demonstrated ground glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening and small centrilobular nodules with patchy areas of consolidation in bilateral lungs. He was mechanically ventilated for refractory hypoxemia. The treatment with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone lead to recovery and extubation. The final diagnosis was diffuse alveolar haemorrhage due to perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated microscopic polyangiitis (p-ANCA-associated MPA). In a tuberculosis endemic country, for patients presenting with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), with history of silica exposure, differential diagnosis of ANCA associated vasculitis must be considered.
Incidental diagnosis and therapeutic approach of an iatrogenic intra-parenchymal pulmonary intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm: a case report
Authors: Rossi Giovanni , Perrillo Mario , Flora Martina , Costigliola Adriano , Mollica Mariano , Iadevaia Carlo , Gaio Giampiero , Cerqua Francesco S. , Bianco Andrea , Perrotta Fabio
Published: September 2019

Intercostal artery pseudoaneurysms (IAP) are extremely rare but its sudden rupture represents a life-threatening complication. We report an unusual case of a late intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm, after a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, presenting as a large intra-parenchymal lung mass. Diagnosis was made by biphasic computed tomography angiography and contrast-enhanced pulsed-wave doppler ultrasound. To minimize the risk of aneurysm bleeding immediate angiographic embolization was planned and successfully performed.IAP should be considered in presence of lung mass in patients who have previously undergone an intervention with intercostal approach to prevent life-threatening complications.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in tuberculous pleurisy and ulcerative colitis: a case report
Authors: Piffer Federico , Levi Guido , Marchetti Giampietro , Barbieri Chiara
Published: September 2019

We present the case of a 46-year-old Caucasian male, affected by ulcerative colitis, who developed tuberculous pleurisy during immunosuppressive therapy; despite proper therapy, worsening of the radiological findings was observed. The case was discussed among an online group of Italian physicians and diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) tuberculosis was established. Therapy was continued and full recovery was obtained. IRIS is a syndrome initially described during opportunistic infections in HIV infected after being placed in anti-retroviral therapy. It reveals itself through a wide variety of manifestations, including fever, lymphadenopathies, worsening of lung infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusion, central nervous system involvement. Few data are available regarding the best therapeutic options. IRIS is an insidious and potentially serious complication of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. The always wider diffusion of immunosuppressive therapies increases the number of patients at risk, therefore physicians need to be aware of the issue.
Diastolic dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: a usual travel-mate?
Authors: Cavazzana Ilaria , Vizzardi Enrico , Franceschini Franco
Published: September 2019

A high rate of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared with general population. A prospective study demonstrated that LVDD occurred in 24% in one year of follow-up in RA patients without cardiac disease. Older age, higher systolic arterial pressure and lower E/A ratio are considered predictive factors. In addition, in RA, LVDD is known to be the only risk factor for the development of cardiovascular (CV) events, also in absence of classical CV risk factors. Some occasional reports suggest that early and aggressive treatment of RA could influence the evolution of LVDD and, accordingly, modify the rate of CV events. Therefore, a correct assessment of diastolic function should be considered of pivotal importance in the routine follow-up of RA patients.
Preparation and application of Zero Valent Iron immobilized in Activated Carbon for removal of hexavalent Chromium from synthetic effluent
Authors: Araújo Gracieli Xavier , Rocha Raquel Dalla Costa da , Rodrigues Marcio Barreto
Published: September 2019

Unlike organic contaminants, heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms; they are also recognized for being toxic or carcinogenic. The use of nanoparticles of zero-valent iron (nZVI) is reported as an alternative technique with high potential for in situ and ex situ remediation of contaminated matrices with this metal, mainly due to its large active surface area and significant adsorption capacity to consolidate into a simple and efficient method of treatment. In this study, ZVI particles were synthesized by the chemical reduction method using hydrated ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with subsequent aggregation to powdered activated carbon (PAC), forming the adsorbent PAC-ZVI, which was characterized by the techniques of XRD and SEM, which revealed the integration of the catalyst to the activated carbon matrix. Finally, developed kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption kinetics was better adapted to a pseudo second order model, the isotherms were better represented by the Freundlich model and the thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption reaction occurred through a spontaneous process with endothermic interaction between Cr (VI) and PAC-ZVI with increase in the randomness of the system.
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Early Flame Propagation Stages in Operating Conditions Representative of Modern High Efficiency Spark Ignition Engines
Authors: Dulbecco Alessio , Font Gregory , Foucher Fabrice , BREQUIGNY Pierre
Published: September 2019

The present social context imposes effective reductions of transport greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions. To answer to this demand, car manufacturers adopted technologies such as downsizing, turbocharging, intense in-cylinder aerodynamics and diluted combustion process. In this context, to master mixture ignition is crucial to ensure an efficient heat release. To get to a clearer knowledge about the physics holding early stages of premixed mixture combustion, the PRISME institute in the framework of the French government research project ANR MACDOC generated a consistent experimental database to study ignition and spherical flame propagation processes in a constant volume vessel in laminar and turbulent environment. This allows to have a detailed description of the flame dynamics of an air / isooctane mixture depending on thermochemical properties of the mixture and nature of the diluent (O2, H2O, CO2 and synthetic stoichiometric exhaust gas recirculation), as well as on turbulence intensity and ignition energy. A system simulation model based on the coherent flame model approach was then setup at IFP Energies nouvelles accounting for the influence of the flame stretch, through the integration of a non-linear formulation of the mixture Markstein number, and the flame wrinkling due to turbulence. The model allowed to have a deeper insight in the interpretation of experiments and to dissociate the interacting phenomena holding the combustion process. This modeling improving seems to be a necessary step to model next generation spark ignition engines operating under steady and transient conditions.
Lead Time in Drug Procurement: A Study of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India
Authors: Goyal V , Anand H , Siddharth V , Koushal VK
Published: September 2019

Pharmaceutical procurement is a complex process that involves many steps, agencies, and manufacturers. Procurement lead time is defined as the time required to acquire the supplies and services and then placing them in the hands of the user. This study was done to study the lead time in drugs procurement at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh. It was aimed at calculating the average lead time in the procurement of drugs for year 2009—2010 in Pharmacy Department. Observational study along with retrospective record analysis was done to calculate the average internal and external lead time. Standardized format was used to retrieve data from the procurement records. Average lead time between the preparation of indent and receipt of drugs was observed to be 162 days, out of which 117 days (71%) accounted for internal lead time and external lead time was 47 days (29%). Internal lead time was approximately four times that of external lead time. Various reasons were noted for longer duration of internal lead time and every effort should be made to bring it down to the minimum, so as to ensure the availability of the right medicine in the right quantity, in the right time at the right place.

How to cite this article

Anand H, Siddharth V, Goyal V, Koushal VK. Lead Time in Drug Procurement: A Study of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(1):16-19.
Pneumothorax during Cardiomyotomy: Management
Authors: Nayak Sonia
Published: September 2019

Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy is the surgical mode of treatment for patients suffering from achalasia cardia. These patients are at a risk of developing intraoperative pneumothorax with hemodynamic and respiratory changes. We reported case of pneumothorax during laparoscopic cardiomyotomy. Patient developed hypotension, tachycardia, decreased air entry and increased peak airway pressure. We managed that case successfully. Hemodynamics was maintained with fluid and ephedrine. Patient was ventilated with 100% Oxygen and put on pressure cycled ventilator mode. Postoperatively patient was observed in ICU. While managing such cases, anesthetists should be aware of this complication and be vigilant.

How to cite this article

Nayak S. Pneumothorax during Cardiomyotomy: Management. Res Inno in Anesth 2016;1(2): 71-72.
Anesthesia Management of Prolonged Surgery with Duration of 15 Hours for Correction of Post Koch's Kyphosis
Authors: Sreeram V , Waghalkar Pallavi , Atul W , Sarje Digambar
Published: September 2019

Anesthetic management of post koch's kyphosis correction of 48 yr old female is discussed. The patient was under anesthesia for long duration of 15 hours which also included Wake up test. After surgery 3 months later patient went home walking. It is emphasized that with good team work between orthopedician, anesthesiologist, chest physician and nursing staff will make it possible to produce excellent outcome in these cases.

How to cite this article

Sreeram V, Waghalkar P, Atul W, Sarje D. Anesthesia Management of Prolonged Surgery with Duration of 15 Hours for Correction of Post Koch's Kyphosis. Res Inno in Anesth 2016;1(2):73-75.
Bevlogenheid van people-changing visà vis people-processing publieke dienstverleners: Een kwantitatieve analyse van een gecontextualiseerd JD-R model
Authors: Borst Rick
Published: September 2019

Door de steeds veeleisender wordende werkomgeving hebben publieke managers werknemers nodig die proactief en toegewijd zijn en zich energiek voelen in hun werk om hoge werkprestaties te bereiken. Publieke organisaties hebben met andere woorden bevlogen werknemers nodig. Er is echter
een gebrek aan onderzoek naar de bevlogenheid van werknemers in de publieke sector in het algemeen en in verschillende institutionele contexten (bijvoorbeeld onderwijs ten opzichte van de Rijksoverheid) in het bijzonder. Het doel van deze studie is om de relaties te onderzoeken tussen antecedenten
en uitkomsten van bevlogenheid in de publieke sector in het algemeen maar ook tussen verschillende institutionele contexten binnen de publieke sector in het bijzonder. Op basis van de analyse van een grote dataset kan worden geconcludeerd dat publieke medewerkers verschillende persoonlijke
voorkeuren hebben en in verschillende institutionele contexten werken die beiden invloed hebben op hun bevlogenheid.
How Clientelistic Parties Go Programmatic: The Strategic Logic of Responsiveness in a Least Likely Case (the AKP of Turkey)
Authors: Bulut Alper T.
Published: September 2019

Policymakers in democratic systems are expected to respond to the issue preferences of citizens and fulfill their electoral mandate as this responsiveness is central to democratic theory. Most empirical research on opinion-policy/program-policy linkage found a significant relationship
between opinion and policy as well as program and policy. However, these studies have concentrated on a few developed Western countries with programmatic party systems. I focus on an emerging democracy with a highly clientelistic party system, Turkey, and address the following questions: Are
policymakers' priorities driven by public opinion? Do parties take into account their electoral mandate in the legislature? To answer these questions, I use a novel dataset of parliamentary activities and public priorities in Turkey. I also offer an alternative method to measure party priorities
which proves superior to the currently used measures.
A double ITCZ phenomenology of wind errors in the equatorial Atlantic in seasonal forecasts with ECMWF models
Authors: Shonk Jonathan K. P. , Demissie Teferi D. , Toniazzo Thomas
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Modern coupled general circulation models produce
systematic biases in the tropical Atlantic that hamper the reliability of
long-range predictions. This study focuses on a common springtime westerly
wind bias in the equatorial Atlantic in seasonal hindcasts from two coupled
models – ECMWF System 4 and EC-Earth v2.3 – and in hindcasts also based on
System 4, but with prescribed sea-surface temperatures. The development of the equatorial westerly bias in early April is marked by
a rapid transition from a wintertime easterly, cold tongue bias to a
springtime westerly bias regime that displays a marked double intertropical
convergence zone (ITCZ). The transition is a seasonal feature of the model
climatology (independent of initialisation date) and is associated with a
seasonal increase in rainfall where a second branch of the ITCZ is produced
south of the Equator. Excess off-equatorial convergence redirects the trade
winds away from the Equator. Based on arguments of temporal coincidence, the
results of our analysis contrast with those from previous work, and alleged
causes hereto identified as the likely cause of the equatorial westerly bias in
other models must be discarded. Quite in general, we find no evidence of
remote influences on the development of the springtime equatorial bias in
the Atlantic in the IFS-based models. Limited evidence however is presented
that supports the hypothesis of an incorrect representation of the
meridional equatorward flow in the marine boundary layer of the southern
Atlantic as a contributing factor. Erroneous dynamical constraints on the
flow upstream of the Equator may generate convergence and associated
rainfall south of the Equator. This directs attention to the representation
of the properties of the subtropical boundary layer as a potential source
for the double ITCZ bias.
Observations and hypotheses related to low to middle free tropospheric aerosol, water vapor and altocumulus cloud layers within convective weather regimes: a SEAC4RS case study
Authors: Reid Jeffrey S. , Posselt Derek J. , Kaku Kathleen , Holz Robert A. , Chen Gao , Eloranta Edwin W. , Kuehn Ralph E. , Woods Sarah , Zhang Jianglong , Anderson Bruce , Bui T. Paul , Diskin Glenn S. , Minnis Patrick , Newchurch Michael J. , Tanelli Simone , Trepte Charles R. , Thornhill K. Lee , Ziemba Luke D.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The NASA Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) project included goals related
to aerosol particle life cycle in convective regimes. Using the University of
Wisconsin High Spectral Resolution Lidar system at Huntsville, Alabama, USA, and the NASA DC-8 research aircraft, we investigate the altitude dependence
of aerosol, water vapor and Altocumulus (Ac) properties in the free
troposphere from a canonical 12 August 2013 convective storm case as a
segue to a presentation of a mission-wide analysis. It stands to reason that
any moisture detrainment from convection must have an associated aerosol
layer. Modes of covariability between aerosol, water vapor and Ac are
examined relative to the boundary layer entrainment zone, 0 ∘C level,
and anvil, a region known to contain Ac clouds and a complex aerosol
layering structure (Reid et al., 2017). Multiple aerosol layers in regions
warmer than 0 ∘C were observed within the planetary boundary layer entrainment zone. At
0 ∘C there is a proclivity for aerosol and water vapor detrainment from
storms, in association with melting level Ac shelves. Finally, at
temperatures colder than 0 ∘C, weak aerosol layers were identified above Cumulus congestus tops (∼0 and ∼-20 ∘C). Stronger aerosol signals return in association with anvil
outflow. In situ data suggest that detraining particles undergo aqueous-phase or heterogeneous chemical or microphysical transformations, while at
the same time larger particles are being scavenged at higher altitudes
leading to enhanced nucleation. We conclude by discussing hypotheses
regarding links to aerosol emissions and potential indirect effects on Ac
clouds.
Global sensitivity analysis of chemistry-climate model budgets of tropospheric ozone and OH: Exploring model diversity
Authors: Wild Oliver , Voulgarakis Apostolos , O'Connor Fiona , Lamarque Jean-François , Ryan Edmund M. , Lee Lindsay
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Projections of future atmospheric composition change and its impacts on air quality and climate depend heavily on chemistry-climate models that allow us to investigate the effects of changing emissions and meteorology. These models are imperfect as they rely on our understanding of the chemical, physical and dynamical processes governing atmospheric composition, on the approximations needed to represent these numerically, and on the limitations of the observations required to constrain them. Model intercomparison studies show substantial diversity in results that reflect underlying uncertainties, but little progress has been made in explaining the causes of this or in identifying the weaknesses in process understanding or representation that could lead to improved models and to better scientific understanding. Global sensitivity analysis provides a valuable method of identifying and quantifying the main causes of diversity in current models. For the first time, we apply Gaussian process emulation with three independent global chemistry transport models to quantify the sensitivity of ozone and hydroxyl radicals (OH) to important climate-relevant variables, poorly-characterized processes and uncertain emissions. We show a clear sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to atmospheric humidity and precursor emissions which is similar for the models, but find large differences between models for methane lifetime, highlighting substantial differences in the sensitivity of OH to primary and secondary production. This approach allows us to identify key areas where model improvements are required while providing valuable new insight into the processes driving tropospheric composition change.
Hybrid-Vlasov modelling of nightside auroral proton precipitation during southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions
Authors: Grandin Maxime , Battarbee Markus , Osmane Adnane , Ganse Urs , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Turc Lucile , Brito Thiago , Koskela Tuomas , Dubart Maxime , Palmroth Minna
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Particle precipitation plays a key role in the coupling of the terrestrial magnetosphere and ionosphere by modifying the upper atmospheric conductivity and chemistry, driving field-aligned currents, and producing aurora. Yet quantitative observations of precipitating fluxes are limited, since ground-based instruments can only provide indirect measurements of precipitation, while particle telescopes aboard spacecraft merely enable point-like in situ observations with an inherently coarse time resolution above a given location. Further, orbit timescales generally prevent the analysis of whole events. On the other hand, global magnetospheric simulations can provide estimations of particle precipitation with a global view and higher time resolution. We present the first results of auroral (∼1–30 keV) proton precipitation estimation using the Vlasiator global hybrid-Vlasov model in a noon–midnight meridional plane simulation driven by steady solar wind with a southward interplanetary magnetic field. We first calculate the bounce loss-cone angle value at selected locations in the simulated nightside magnetosphere. Then, using the velocity distribution function representation of the proton population at those selected points, we study the population inside the loss cone. This enables the estimation of differential precipitating number fluxes as would be measured by a particle detector aboard a low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) spacecraft. The obtained differential flux values are in agreement with a well-established empirical model in the midnight sector, as are the integral energy flux and mean precipitating energy. We discuss the time evolution of the precipitation parameters derived in this manner in the global context of nightside magnetospheric activity in this simulation, and we find in particular that precipitation bursts of <1 min duration can be self-consistently and unambiguously associated with dipolarising flux bundles generated by tail reconnection. We also find that the transition region seems to partly regulate the transmission of precipitating protons to the inner magnetosphere, suggesting that it has an active role in regulating ionospheric precipitation.
Scalability and some optimization of the Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2)
Authors: Koldunov Nikolay V. , Aizinger Vadym , Rakowsky Natalja , Scholz Patrick , Sidorenko Dmitry , Danilov Sergey , Jung Thomas
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A study of the scalability of the Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean circulation Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2), the first mature global model of its kind formulated on unstructured meshes, is presented. This study includes an analysis of the main computational kernels with a special focus on bottlenecks in parallel scalability. Several model enhancements improving this scalability for large numbers of processes are described and tested. Model grids at different resolutions are used on four high-performance computing (HPC) systems with differing computational and communication hardware to demonstrate the model's scalability and throughput. Furthermore, strategies for improvements in parallel performance are presented and assessed. We show that, in terms of throughput, FESOM2 is on a par with state-of-the-art structured ocean models and, in a realistic eddy-resolving configuration (1/10∘ resolution), can achieve about 16 years per day on 14 000 cores. This suggests that unstructured-mesh models are becoming very competitive tools in high-resolution climate modeling. We show that the main bottlenecks of FESOM2 parallel scalability are the two-dimensional components of the model, namely the computations of the external (barotropic) mode and the sea-ice model. It is argued that these bottlenecks are shared with other general ocean circulation models.
Emerging climate signals in the Lena River catchment: a non-parametric statistical approach
Authors: Pohl Eric , Grenier Christophe , Vrac Mathieu , Kageyama Masa
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Climate change has far-reaching implications in permafrost-underlain landscapes with respect to hydrology, ecosystems and the population’s traditional livelihoods. In the Lena River catchment, Eastern Siberia, changing climatic conditions and the associated impacts are already observed or expected. However, as climate change progresses the question remains as to how far we are along this track and when these changes will constitute a significant emergence from natural variability. Here we present an approach to investigate temperature and precipitation time series from observational records, reanalysis, and an ensemble of 65 climate model simulations forced by the RCP8.5 emission scenario. We focus on the Lena River catchment, where significant environmental changes are already apparent. We developed a novel non-parametric statistical method to identify the time of emergence (ToE) of climate change signals, i.e. the time when a climate signal permanently exceeds its natural variability. The method is based on the Hellinger distance metric that measures the similarity of probability density functions (PDFs) roughly corresponding to their geometrical overlap. Natural variability is estimated as PDF for the earliest period common to all datasets used in the study (1901–1921) and is then compared to PDFs of target periods with moving windows of 21 years at annual and seasonal scale. The method yields dissimilarities or emergence levels ranging from 0 to 100 % and the direction of change as continuous time series itself. For the Lena River catchment, on average, emergence of temperature has a strong onset in the 1970s with a monotonic increase thereafter for validated reanalysis data. At the end of the reanalysis dataset (2004), temperature distributions have emerged by 50–60 %. Climate model projections suggest the same evolution on average and 90 % emergence by 2040. For precipitation the analysis is less conclusive because of high uncertainties in existing reanalysis datasets that also impede an evaluation of the climate models. Model projections suggest hardly any emergence by 2000 but a strong emergence thereafter, reaching 60 % by the end of the investigated period (2089). The presented ToE method provides more versatility than traditional parametric approaches and allows for a detailed temporal analysis of climate signal evolutions. An original strategy to select the most realistic model simulations based on the available observational data significantly reduces the uncertainties resulting from the spread in the 65 climate models used. The method comes as a toolbox available at https://github.com/pohleric/toe_tools.
Lituya Bay 1958 Tsunami – detailed pre-event bathymetry
reconstruction and 3D-numerical modelling utilizing the CFD
software Flow-3D
Authors: Franco Andrea , Moernaut Jasper , Schneider-Muntau Barbara , Aufleger Markus , Strasser Michael , Gems Bernhard
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This study aims to test the capacity of Flow-3D regarding the simulation of a rockslide impacting a water body by evaluating the influence of the extent of the computational domain, the grid resolution, the corresponding computation times and the accuracy of modelling results. A detailed analysis of the Lituya Bay event (1958, Alaska, maximum recorded run-up of 524 m a.s.l.) is presented. A focus on the tsunami formation and run-up in the impact area is accomplished with the numerical model. Several simulations with a simplified bay geometry are accomplished in order to test the concept of a denser fluid for the impacting rockslide material compared to the water in the bay. Further, a real topography and bathymetry of the impact area are set up. The observed maximum run-up in the impact area can be reproduced using a uniform grid resolution of 5 m, where the wave overtops the hill crest on the opposite side of the impact area, then flowing diagonally along the slopes. The model is enlarged along the entire bay to simulate the propagation of the wave. The tsunami trimline is best reproduced when using a mesh size of 15 x 15 x 10 m. The trimline mainly results from the primary wave, but in some locations also from reflected waves. The dense fluid is a suitable, simple concept to recreate a sliding mass impacting a water body, in this case with impact velocities of 94 ms−1. The tsunami event and the related trimline are well reproduced using the 3D-modelling approach with the density evaluation model available in Flow-3D.
Modeling active fault systems and seismic events by using a fiber bundle model – example case: the Northridge aftershock sequence
Authors: Monterrubio-Velasco Marisol , Zúñiga F. Ramón , Carrasco-Jiménez José Carlos , Márquez-Ramírez Víctor , de la Puente Josep
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Earthquake aftershocks display spatiotemporal correlations arising from their self-organized critical behavior. Dynamic deterministic modeling of aftershock series is challenging to carry out due to both the physical complexity and uncertainties related to the different parameters which govern the system. Nevertheless, numerical simulations with the help of stochastic models such as the fiber bundle model (FBM) allow the use of an analog of the physical model that produces a statistical behavior with many similarities to real series. FBMs are simple discrete element models that can be characterized by using few parameters.
In this work, the aim is to present a new model based on FBM that includes geometrical characteristics of fault systems. In our model, the faults are not described with typical geometric measures such as dip, strike, and slip, but they are incorporated as weak regions in the model domain that could increase the likelihood to generate earthquakes. In order to analyze the sensitivity of the model to input parameters, a parametric study is carried out. Our analysis focuses on aftershock statistics in space, time, and magnitude domains. Moreover, we analyzed the synthetic aftershock sequences properties assuming initial load configurations and suitable conditions to propagate the rupture. As an example case, we have modeled a set of real active faults related to the Northridge, California, earthquake sequence. We compare the simulation results to statistical characteristics from the Northridge sequence determining which range of parameters in our FBM version reproduces the main features observed in real aftershock series.
From the results obtained, we observe that two parameters related to the initial load configuration are determinant in obtaining realistic seismicity characteristics: (1) parameter P, which represents the initial probability order, and (2) parameter π, which is the percentage of load distributed to the neighboring cells.
The results show that in order to reproduce statistical characteristics of the real sequence, larger πfrac values (0.85<πfrac<0.95) and very low values of P (0.0<P≤0.08) are needed. This implies the important corollary that a very small departure from an initial random load configuration (computed by P), and also a large difference between the load transfer from on-fault segments than by off-faults (computed by πfrac), is required to initiate a rupture sequence which conforms to observed statistical properties such as the Gutenberg–Richter law, Omori law, and fractal dimension.
Sensitivity analysis of the effect of wind characteristics and turbine properties on wind turbine loads
Authors: Robertson Amy N. , Shaler Kelsey , Sethuraman Latha , Jonkman Jason
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Proper wind turbine design relies on the ability to accurately
predict ultimate and fatigue loads of turbines. The load analysis
process requires precise knowledge of the expected wind-inflow conditions as well as
turbine structural and aerodynamic properties. However, uncertainty in most
parameters is inevitable. It is therefore important to understand the impact
such uncertainties have on the resulting loads. The goal of this work is to
assess which input parameters have the greatest influence on turbine power,
fatigue loads, and ultimate loads during normal turbine operation. An
elementary effects sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most
sensitive parameters. Separate case studies are performed on (1) wind-inflow
conditions and (2) turbine structural and aerodynamic properties, both
cases using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW baseline wind
turbine. The Veers model was used to generate synthetic International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Kaimal turbulence spectrum inflow. The focus is
on individual parameter sensitivity, though interactions between parameters
are considered. The results of this work show that for wind-inflow conditions, turbulence in the primary wind direction and shear are the most sensitive parameters for turbine loads, which is expected. Secondary parameters of importance are identified as veer, u-direction integral length, and u components of the IEC coherence model, as well as the exponent. For the turbine properties, the most sensitive parameters are yaw misalignment and outboard lift coefficient distribution; secondary parameters of importance are inboard lift distribution, blade-twist distribution, and blade mass imbalance. This
information can be used to help establish uncertainty bars around the predictions
of engineering models during validation efforts, and provide insight to
probabilistic design methods and site-suitability analyses.
Les jardins dans la littérature libertine dix-huitième siècle
Authors: Messina Luisa
Published: September 2019

Traditionnellement, la littérature libertine du dix-huitième se focalise sur les récits de séduction. Pourtant, les romans libertins montrent aussi les personnages se promenant aux jardins de Tuileries ou aux Champs-Elysées. Premièrement, les promenades dans les jardins parisiens représentent une façon d’afficher ses conquêtes de manière publique. Deuxièmement, cette ambiance bucolique permet de révéler les personnalités des personnages.
The Abolitionist Cause in Britain and in France (1787-1790): A Case of Counter-Productive Transposition ?
Authors: Palma Hélène
Published: September 2019

This article observes how the British Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade founded in 1787 in London tried to influence the activities of its French counterpart, La Société des Amis des Noirs, in the years 1787 to 1790. This transfer of ideas from Britain to France, through the actions of Brissot and Clarkson mainly, did not, as we shall see, really prove fruitful.