bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of third vaccine dose for coronavirus disease 2019 during the Omicron variant pandemic: a prospective observational study in Japan
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Kushimoto Shigeki , Katori Yukio , Sugawara Noriko , Egusa Hiroshi , Igarashi Kaoru , Fujita Motoo , Kure Shigeo , Takayama Shin , Abe Michiaki , Kikuchi Akiko , Ohsawa Minoru , Ishizawa Kota , Abe Yoshiko , Imai Hiroyuki , Inaba Yohei , Iwamatsu-Kobayashi Yoko , Nishioka Takashi , Onodera Ko , Ishii Tadashi
Published: August 2022

The administration of a third booster dose of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has progressed worldwide. Since January 2022, Japan has faced a nationwide outbreak caused by the Omicron variant, which occurred simultaneously with the progression of mass vaccination with the third booster dose. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the third dose of vaccine by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test using nasopharyngeal swab samples from adults aged ≥ 18 years tested after having close contact with COVID-19 cases between January and May 2022. Participants who completed only one dose were excluded from the study. Among the 928 enrolled participants, 139 had never been vaccinated, 609 had completed two doses, 180 had completed three doses before the swab test, and the overall RT-PCR test positivity rate in each group was 48.9%, 46.0%, and 32.2%, respectively. The vaccine effectiveness of the third dose to prevent infection after close contact was approximately 40% (95% confidence interval: 20–60%), which was the highest at 10–70 days after receiving the third dose. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the three-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after close contact during the Omicron outbreak is approximately 40%.
Leveraging reimbursement strategies to guide value-based adoption and utilization of medical AI
Authors: Venkatesh Kaushik P. , Raza Marium M. , Diao James A. , Kvedar Joseph C.
Published: August 2022

With the increasing number of FDA-approved artificial intelligence (AI) systems, the financing of these technologies has become a primary gatekeeper to mass clinical adoption. Reimbursement models adapted for current payment schemes, including per-use rates, are feasible for early AI products. Alternative and complementary models may offer future payment options for value-based AI. A successful reimbursement strategy will align interests across stakeholders to guide value-based and cost-effective improvements to care.
A BaTiO3/WS2 composite for piezo-photocatalytic persulfate activation and ofloxacin degradation
Authors: Fazli Arezou , Zakeri Fatemeh , Khataee Alireza , Orooji Yasin
Published: August 2022

Piezoelectric fields can decrease the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes in semiconductors and therewith increase their photocatalytic activities. Here, a BaTiO3/WS2 composite is synthesized and characterized, which combines piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanofibers and WS2 nanosheets. The piezo-photocatalytic effect of the composite on the persulfate activation is studied by monitoring Ofloxacin (OFL) degradation efficiency. Under mechanical forces, LED lamp irradiation, and the addition of 10 mM persulfate, the OFL degradation efficiency reaches ~90% within 75 min, which is higher than efficiencies obtained for individual BaTiO3, WS2, or TiO3, widely used photocatalysts in the field of water treatment. The boosted degradation efficiency can be ascribed to the promotion of charge carrier separation, resulting from the synergetic effect of the heterostructure and the piezoelectric field induced by the vibration. Moreover, the prepared composite displays good stability over five successive cycles of the degradation process. GC–MS analysis is used to survey the degradation pathway of OFL during the degradation process. Our results offer insight into strategies for preparing highly effective piezo-photocatalysts in the field of water purification.
Computation of eigenfrequency sensitivities using Riesz projections for efficient optimization of nanophotonic resonators
Authors: Binkowski Felix , Betz Fridtjof , Hammerschmidt Martin , Schneider Philipp-Immanuel , Zschiedrich Lin , Burger Sven
Published: August 2022

Resonances are omnipresent in physics and essential for the description of wave phenomena. We present an approach for computing eigenfrequency sensitivities of resonances. The theory is based on Riesz projections and the approach can be applied to compute partial derivatives of the complex eigenfrequencies of any resonance problem. Here, the method is derived for Maxwell’s equations. Its numerical realization essentially relies on direct differentiation of scattering problems. We use a numerical implementation to demonstrate the performance of the approach compared to differentiation using finite differences. The method is applied for the efficient optimization of the quality factor of a nanophotonic resonator.
Ultrafast relaxation of acoustic and optical phonons in a topological nodal-line semimetal ZrSiS
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Dhakal Gyanendra , Sakhya Anup Pradhan , Beetar John E. , Kabir Firoza , Regmi Sabin , Kaczorowski Dariusz , Chini Michael , Fregoso Benjamin M. , Neupane Madhab
Published: August 2022

Recently, nodal line semimetals based on ZrSiS-family have garnered massive research interests contributing numerous experimental and theoretical works. Despite being the most studied nodal-line semimetal, a clear understanding of the transient state relaxation dynamics and the underlying mechanism in ZrSiS is lacking. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we study the ultrafast relaxation dynamics in ZrSiS and reveal a unique relaxation in the bulk nodal-line state which is well-captured by a simple model based on optical and acoustic phonon cooling. Our model predicts linear decay processes for both optical and acoustic phonon relaxations with optical cooling dominant at higher temperatures. Our results reveal different decay mechanisms for the bulk and surface states and pave a way to understand the mechanism of conduction in this material.
A novel 2-(aminomethyl)pyridineH2PO4 crystal with second-order nonlinear optical performance
Authors: Wang Duanliang , Sun Defu , Zhang Shoubao , Leng Jiancai , Hou Ruoxian , Chen Hanzhang , Sun Jie , Dang Yangyang , Shen Chuanying
Published: August 2022

Single-crystal structure diagram and SHG response of (2-Ampy)H2PO4 crystal.
Insights into non-thermal plasma chemistry of acetone diluted in N2/O2 mixtures: a real-time MS experiment
Authors: Thomas Sébastien , Blin-Simiand Nicole , Héninger Michel , Jeanney Pascal , Lemaire Joel , Magne Lionel , Mestdagh Hélène , Pasquiers Stéphane , Louarn Essyllt
Published: August 2022

Chemical Ionization Mass spectrometry is used to unveil in real-time sub-products formation during acetone degradation in a N2/O2 homogeneous plasma reactor.
Doping of the Mn vacancy of Mn2B2 with a single different transition metal atom as the dual-function electrocatalyst
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Yusheng , Song Nahong , Luo Shijun , Xu Bin , Zhang Jing , Wang Fei
Published: August 2022

Ni@Mn2B2 and Pt@Mn2B2 can be applied as OER/ORR and OER/HER dual-function bifunctional electrocatalysts, respectively.
Prediction of a novel 2D porous boron nitride material with excellent electronic, optical and catalytic properties
Authors: Mahamiya Vikram , Shukla Alok , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: August 2022

A novel porous boron nitride material BN-HGY with excellent electronic, optical and catalytic properties.
All-biomass-based eco-friendly waterproof coating for paper-based green packaging
Authors: Wang Yuyuan , Zhang Xiaoqian , Kan Lijun , Shen Feng , Ling Hao , Wang Xiaohui
Published: August 2022

A novel edible waterproof coating was fabricated by a beeswax-in-water Pickering emulsion using hemicellulose-grafted-lauric acid micelles as nano-stabilizers.
Nanoceria–nanocellulose hybrid materials for delayed release of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory medicines
Authors: Gaio Servane , Svensson Fredric G. , Breijaert Troy C. , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A. , Kessler Vadim G.
Published: August 2022

Nanoceria–nano cellulose hybrid gels, acting as matrices, offer possibility of delayed release for phenoxide and carboxylate antimicrobial agents.
Design, biomimetic synthesis, and tumor photothermal therapy of peptide-based two-dimensional photothermal conversion nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Bin , Yao Junlie , Xing Jie , Yang Ming , Zhu Danzhu , Ren Wenzhi , Xiang Lingchao , Wang Yan , Wu Aiguo , Wei Gang
Published: August 2022

Peptide-mediated biomimetic synthesis of 2D photothermal conversion materials with enhanced photothermal therapy of tumors.
Copper(i) complexes with quinolone appended 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates: structural characterization, DNA and protein binding and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Shaikh Sabiha A. , Bhat Satish S. , Revankar Vidyanand K. , S. Naveen , Kumara Karthik , Lokanath N. K. , Butcher Ray J. , Kumbar Vijay , Bhat Kishore
Published: August 2022

Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of copper(i) complexes containing 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates have been investigated.
Weak interchain interaction-dominated magnetic responses in water-extended cobalt(ii)-chains: from magnetic ordering to single-chain magnet
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Zhong-Yi , Tang Hui-Min , Ding Bo , Liu Zheng-Yu , Wang Xiu-Guang , Zhao Xiao-Jun , Yang En-Cui
Published: August 2022

Weak intermolecular interaction-dominated interchain magnetic couplings in water-extended cobalt(ii)-chains are found to be highly responsible for the magnetic evolution from magnetic ordering to single-chain magnet behavior.
A broadband yellow Yb2+-doped oxynitride phosphor for high-performance white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lv Ying , Li Yunkai , Fan Siting , Chen Changjian , Cai Yuting , Xu Hai , Xie Rong-Jun
Published: August 2022

A broadband, efficient and stable yellow (Ba,Sr)Si3Al3O4N5:Yb2+ phosphor shows promising applications in single-phosphor-converted warm w-LEDs.
Constructing strategies for hierarchically porous MOFs with different pore sizes and applications in adsorption and catalysis
Authors: Xiong Qizhao , Chen Yang , Yang Dongxiao , Wang Kaihua , Wang Yi , Yang Jiangfeng , Li Libo , Li Jinping
Published: August 2022

Constructing strategies of hierarchically porous MOFs with different pore size ranges and their applications in adsorption and catalysis.
Tuning the optical band gap and electrical properties of NiO thin films by nitrogen doping: a joint experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Wang Yong , Bruyère Stéphanie , Kumagai Yu , Tsunoda Naoki , Oba Fumiyasu , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Sun Hui , Dai Bo , Pierson Jean-François
Published: August 2022

A joint experimental and theoretical study is presented to reveal the influence of nitrogen doping on the optical and electrical properties of NiO thin films.
Pollen-derived microcapsules for aspirin microencapsulation: in vitro release and physico-chemical studies
Authors: Mohammed Al-Shymaa Y. , Dyab Amro K. F. , Taha Fouad , Abd El-Mageed Ahmed I. A.
Published: August 2022

Encapsulation of aspirin (ASA) inside natural sporopollenin microcapsules and in vitro controlled release under different gastrointestinal (GI) conditions.
First-principles investigation on the electronic structures of CdSexS1−x and simulation of CdTe solar cell with a CdSexS1−x window layer by SCAPS
Authors: He Xu , Li Chunxiu , Wu Lili , Hao Xia , Zhang Jingquan , Feng Lianghuan , Tang Peng , Du Zheng
Published: August 2022

The performance of CdS/CdSe/CdTe devices is related to the conduction band offset of CdSexS1−x/CdTe layers on CdTe solar cells.
Synthesis and characterization of tung oil-based UV curable for three-dimensional printing resins
Authors: Zhao Zicheng , Wu Hong , Liu Xudong , Kang Desheng , Xiao Zhihong , Lin Qiquan , Zhang Aihua
Published: August 2022

Using tung oil as the raw material, a new bio-based prepolymer was synthesized by reacting with ARA/HEA as the matrix and then reacting with the diluent and photoinitiator to synthesize a new bio-based prepolymer-acrylate-epoxy tung oil polypolymer.
Polydiacetylene-based colorimetric and fluorometric sensors for lead ion recognition
Authors: Chen Shu-Wei , Chen Xipeng , Li Yang , Yang Yalin , Dong Yuchuan , Guo Jinwen , Wang Jinyi
Published: August 2022

In this study two colorimetric and fluorometric sensors were prepared for lead ions based on conjugated polydiacetylenes.
Value-added materials recovered from waste bone biomass: technologies and applications
Authors: Hart Abarasi , Ebiundu Komonibo , Peretomode Ebikapaye , Onyeaka Helen , Nwabor Ozioma Forstinus , Obileke KeChrist
Published: August 2022

As the world population increases, the generation of waste bones will multiply exponentially, increasing landfill usage and posing health risks.
Piezoelectric built-in electric field advancing TiO2 for highly efficient photocatalytic air purification
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Cheng Qin , Shen Cheng , Hong Bin , Jiang Yong , Wei Yuxue , Cai Mengdie , Chen Jingshuai , Sun Song
Published: August 2022

Ferroelectric built-in electric fields were used for photocatalytic air purification, where the stretched PVDF dramatically enhances and stabilizes active adsorption sites.
Chloro aluminum phthalocyanine-based organic thin-film transistors as cannabinoid sensors: engineering the thin film response
Authors: Lamontagne Halynne R. , Comeau Zachary J. , Cranston Rosemary R. , Boileau Nicholas T. , Harris Cory S. , Shuhendler Adam J. , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: August 2022

Cl-AlPc-based OTFTs can be used as low-cost, point-of-source cannabinoid sensors. Through device performance and film characterization, the film thickness and device geometry has been optimized for both solution and vapor THC samples.
Electrochemical quantification of sulfamethoxazole antibiotic in environmental water using zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived single-atom cobalt catalyst in nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures
Authors: Gu Qingyu , Wang Zhongxue , Ding Qianwen , Li Huiling , Wu Ping , Cai Chenxin
Published: August 2022

An electrochemical sensor based on single-atom cobalt-anchored nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts is developed to quantify sulfamethoxazole in environmental water samples.
Chemically grown Co2P2O7microplates: extrinsic pseudocapacitance enriched ultraflexible all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Agarwal Akanksha , Sankapal Babasaheb R.
Published: August 2022

A simple one-pot solution route to synthesize Co2P2O7microplates for application in handheld ultra-flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Etiology, Rehabilitation, and Outcomes
Authors: Mattingly Erin , Roth Carole R.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide each year. TBI presents as a major cause of death and disability in older adults, which is significant in the setting of older adults living longer. Falls are the leading cause of TBI in older adults, and normal sensory, motor, and cognitive changes that occur with aging increase the risk of falling. Multiple medical and cognitive comorbidities put older adults at increased risk for sustaining a TBI, and complicate recovery. Preexisting comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, when combined with polypharmacy and aging effects compound the risks, severity, and outcomes following TBI.

This clinical focus article addresses the normal effects of aging, the epidemiology of aging, and the relationship of aging to risks, consequences, and prognosis following TBI in older adults. In addition, discussion focuses on medical care and treatment, acute and chronic consequences, and assumptions and controversies in approaches to management of acute TBI in this population. The processes for assessment and treatment of cognitive communication during rehabilitation are explained in detail, including specific measures and strategies for both the acute and chronic phases of rehabilitation.

Conclusions:

Outcomes following TBI in older adults include persisting cognitive and functional limitations that often require some level of support. However, studies have shown that there are elderly patients with severe TBI who benefit from rehabilitation and may have more favorable outcomes. Determining prognosis after TBI is challenging relative to long-term functional consequences, due to the aging process. Therefore, the best intervention for TBI in older adults is prevention of TBI. As the aging population continues to increase in the United States, the need to design and implement evidence-based, cost-effective measures that focus on prevention of the leading causes of TBI in older adults becomes more urgent.
Image encryption algorithm based on cascaded chaotic map and improved Zigzag transform
Authors: Zheng Jiming , Lv Tianyi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on cascaded chaotic map and improved Zigzag transform is proposed. Firstly, a cascade chaotic system is improved to make its chaotic sequence evenly distributed and improve its parameter range. The purpose is to obtain high random chaotic sequence and make the ciphertext image more secure. Secondly, the improved Zigzag transform is used to scramble the image. Compared with the standard Zigzag transform, the improved Zigzag transform can fully scramble all the pixels and improve the randomness of the ciphertext image. Thirdly, a wave‐shaped diffusion algorithm is designed, its characteristic is that it can alternate between different row and column for diffusion. The combination of SHA256 algorithm and plain image makes the cipher image better resist the select plaintext attack. Simulation results show that the algorithm has fast encryption efficiency, high security and can effectively resist various attacks.
A fast sparse Bayesian learning method with adaptive Laplace prior for space‐time adaptive processing
Authors: Wang Degen , Wang Tong , Cui Weichen
Published: August 2022

Space‐time adaptive processing with finite samples is supposed to be a crucial technique for airborne radar systems. Inspired by the application of Gaussian prior in sparse Bayesian learning algorithm and the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, a hierarchical Bayesian framework with adaptive Laplace priors is proposed. In this paper, a novel method is applied to avoid the high‐dimension matrix inverse operation in the proposed algorithm. Moreover, in order to apply the method in the complex‐valued domain, the complex‐valued signal is split into two independent variables. Then, the sparse recovery problem in the complex‐valued domain can be transformed into the real‐value domain. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can achieve great clutter suppression performance and also ensure high computational efficiency.
Friction stir processing of nanofiller assisted AISI 1010 steel-CDA 101 copper dissimilar welds: a strength factor approach
Authors: Giridharan K. , Sevvel P. , Ramadoss R. , Stalin B.
Published: August 2022

In this research study the effects of adding nano fillers such as SiO2, graphene nanoplatelets (Gnps) and biochar on to the weld pool of dissimilar AISI-SAE 1010 Steel- CDA 101 copper were investigated. The main aim of this research study was to investigate the effect of adding ceramic and carbon rich secondary reinforcements on to the friction stir weld (FSW) pool of dissimilar metals and its relative outcomes. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, % of elongation, hardness and fatigue strength were investigated in the form of the strength factor approach. According to the results, the highest strength factor of 98 was obtained for welds made using Gnps of about 1.0 wt.% with constant axial load of 5 kN, traverse speed of 30 mm/min, rotational speed of 900 rpm, dwell time of 5 s and plunging depth of 0.2 mm. The highest tensile strength of 225 MPa and a fatigue strength of 168 MPa was noted for the weld using 2 wt.% Gnps in the weld pool. However, the biochar addition of 2.0 wt.% on to the weld bead positioned the second highest strength factor of 88 due to its solid lubricity. In all the welding processes, large doses of fillers produced undesirable strength factor values. The microstructure of both the weld and tool shows desirable effects for nanoparticle assisted welds. The HAZ and TMAZ grains were refined due to the inclusion of the nanoparticles. The result shows that naturally acquired biochar nanoparticles have the potential of replacing high cost nanofillers in joining metals with more than 85% close to the high cost fillers for the same output. These properties improved dissimilar copper-steel welded plate joints that could be used in automotive, defence, aerospace and structural applications.
Association between parents’ and children’ implicit and explicit attitudes towards physical activity and sedentary behaviors
Authors: Escriva-Boulley Géraldine , Boiché Julie
Published: August 2022

Purpose. The present study aimed to explore the associations between parents’ physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SED) and their explicit and implicit attitudes towards these behaviors and their children’s PA and SED, and attitudes. Children’s and parents’ age and gender were taken into account.

Method. One hundred and seven dyads composed of one parent (Mage = 42.9 years) and her/his child (Mage = 11.6 years) completed questionnaires assessing behaviors and explicit attitudes towards PA and SED. Implicit attitudes were evaluated with an Implicit Association Test.

Results. Parents’ PA was positively correlated with their children’s PA. No significant correlation was noted for SED, implicit and explicit attitudes. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed that children’s explicit attitudes towards PA were negatively associated with parents’ SED. Except for an unexpected result (i.e., children’s implicit attitudes were positively associated with parents’ explicit attitudes towards PA), no other association was found.

Conclusion(s). This study is the first to investigate the association between parents’ and their children’s implicit and explicit attitudes towards PA and SED. The results indicate that focusing on the increase of PA, on the decrease of SED and the development of positive attitudes towards PA in both children and parents could be an interesting mean to promote PA in interventions aiming to improve families’ health.
Verständnis, Prävention und Behandlung von venösen und lymphatischen Erkrankungen basieren auf der Arbeit von Grundlagenforschern
Authors: Diaz José Antonio
Published: August 2022

Zweck Die Rolle der Grundlagenforschung in allen Bereichen der Medizin war, ist und wird auch immer kritisch sein. Die Grundlagenforschung leistet einen Beitrag zu Wissen und Fortschritt. In der Phlebologie ist es nicht anders. Das Manuskript beschreibt die neuesten Errungenschaften der Grundlagenforschung zum Thema Phlebologie.

Methode Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet Publikationen mit dem Thema Grundlagenforschung in der Phlebologie aufgrund einer PubMed-Suche. Die gefundenen Artikel sowie die verschiedenen Schritte, die für Grundlagenforschung angewendet werden, werden diskutiert. Die Relevanz dieser Arbeiten in Bezug auf die tägliche Arbeit in der Phlebologie wird beleuchtet, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Veränderungen der Venenklappen, der Venenwand und den darauffolgenden Störungen des Blutstroms.

Ergebnisse Veränderte Venenwände bei Varizen sind das Ergebnis eines Umbauprozesses aufgrund von Veränderungen der Venenwand auf Zellebene sowie im Interstitium. An diesem Prozess sind glatte Muskelzellen beteiligt. Ferner wurde eine Transformation vom kontraktilen zum sekretorischen Phänotyp beschrieben. In diesem Umbaustadium sind Matrix-Metalloproteinasen (MMP) aktiv beteiligt. Sie tragen zur beobachteten endgültigen Veränderung der Venenwand bei Varizen bei. Die Eigenschaften des Blutstroms und die Funktion der Venenklappen haben sich als zusammenhängendes System erwiesen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die wissenschaftliche Methode ist der Grundpfeiler der Grundlagenforschung. Varizen entstehen durch einen veränderten Blutstrom und einen Umbau der Venenwand.
Induction of Labor at Term with Oral Misoprostol or as a Vaginal Insert and Dinoprostone Vaginal Insert – A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Beyer Jana , Jäger Yvonne , Balci Derya , Kolb Gelia , Weschenfelder Friederike , Seeger Sven , Schlembach Dietmar , Abou-Dakn Michael , Schleußner Ekkehard
Published: August 2022

Introduction The efficacy, safety, and perinatal outcome of oral misoprostol (OM), a misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI), and a dinoprostone vaginal insert (DVI) for induction of labor
at term was examined in a prospective multicenter cohort study (ethics committee vote 4154–07/14). The primary aims of the study were the induction-birth interval (IBI), the cumulative
delivery rates after 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h as well as the mode of delivery.

Method 322 pregnant women were included in four German tertiary perinatal centers (MVI 110, DVI 64, OM 148). They did not vary in age or BMI. Statistical analysis was carried out
using a multivariate linear regression analysis and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results With regards to the median IBI, MVI and OM were equally effective and superior to the DVI (MVI 823 min [202, 5587]; DVI 1226 min [209, 4909]; OM 847 min [105, 5201];
p = 0.006). Within 24 hours, 64% were able to deliver with DVI, 85.5% with MVI and 87.5% with OM (p < 0.01). The rates of secondary Caesarean sections (MVI 24.5%; DVI 26.6%; OM 18.9%) did
not differ significantly. Uterine tachysystole was found in 20% with MVI, 4.7% with DVI and 1.4% with OM (p < 0.001). A uterine rupture did not occur in any of the cases. Perinatal
acidosis occurred (umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.10) in 8.3% with MVI, 4.7 with DVI and 1% with OM (p = 0.32). Neonatal condition was only impaired in three cases (5-minute Apgar score
< 5).

Summary Induction of labor at term using the prostaglandins misoprostol and dinoprostone is an effective intervention that is safe for the mother and child. Oral application of
misoprostol demonstrated the highest efficacy while maintaining a favorable safety profile.
Future Directions
Authors: Coffey J. Calvin
Published: August 2022

Recent findings related to the mesentery clarified the organisation of the abdomen at the foundational level. The Mesenteric-based model of abdominal anatomy articlulates a foundation that re-unites scientific and clinical approaches to the abdomen in health and disease. Importantly, recent advances are a reminder that we must always question dogma. The peritoneal-based dogma of conventional anatomy remained unquestioned for too long. With time, the mesenteric-based dogma will also be altered and improved on. Anatomy, and hence surgery, must always be considered as works in progress.
German Heart Surgery Report 2021: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Lewandowski Jana , Markewitz Andreas , Blaßfeld Daniela , Böning Andreas
Published: August 2022

Based on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS) in 1980, well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2021 are analyzed. Under more than extraordinary conditions of the further ongoing worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a total of 161,261 procedures were submitted to the registry. In total, 92,838 of these operations are summarized as heart surgery procedures in a classical sense. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for the 27,947 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 3.2:1) was 97.3%. For the 36,714 isolated heart valve procedures (19,242 transcatheter interventions included) it was 96.7 and 99.0% for the registered pacemaker and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) procedures (19,490), respectively. Concerning short- and long-term circulatory support, a total of 3,404 ECLS/ECMO implantations and 750 assist device implantations (L-/ R-/ BVAD, TAH), respectively were registered. In 2021 329 isolated heart transplantations, 254 isolated lung transplantations, and one combined heart–lung transplantations were performed.

This annually updated registry of the GSTCVS represents voluntary public reporting by accumulating actual information for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany, constitutes advancements in heart medicine and represents a basis for quality management for all participating institutions. In addition, the registry demonstrates that the provision of cardiac surgery in Germany is up to date, appropriate, and nationwide patient treatment is guaranteed all the time.
Wave transport in stealth hyperuniform materials: The diffusive regime and beyond
Authors: Chéron Élie , Félix Simon , Groby Jean-Philippe , Pagneux Vincent , Romero-García Vicente
Published: August 2022

By varying the degree of correlation in stealthy hyperuniform (SHU) materials, the continuous evolution from uncorrelated disorder to periodic media is possible and allows us, as such, to study the fate of the bimodal distribution, the characteristic of a diffusive transport. Considering the wave transport through a SHU distribution of a given number of scatterers and at a given frequency, the transition from a diffusive to a transparent medium is clearly observed only below the Bragg frequency. This transition is characterized by a threshold value of the stealthiness at the vicinity of which the material abruptly changes from diffusive to transparent. In contrast, no such clear transition is observed at or above the Bragg frequency and, surprisingly, a seemingly bimodal distribution of the transmission eigenvalues still characterizes the SHU materials, even when strongly correlated.
Rapid determination of single substitutional nitrogen Ns concentration in diamond from UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Luo T. , Lindner L. , Blinder R. , Capelli M. , Langer J. , Cimalla V. , Hahl F. A. , Vidal X. , Jeske J.
Published: August 2022

Single substitutional nitrogen atoms Ns0 are the prerequisite to create nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds. They not only serve as the electron donors to create the desired NV− center and provide charge stability against photo-ionisation but also are the main source of decoherence. Therefore, precise and quick determination of Ns0 concentration is a key advantage to a multitude of NV-related research in terms of material improvement as well as applications. Here, we present a method to determine the Ns0 concentration based on absorption spectroscopy in the UV-Visible range and fitting the 270 nm absorption band. UV-Visible spectroscopy has experimental simplicity and widespread availability that bear advantages over established methods. It allows a rapid determination of Ns0 densities, even for large numbers of samples. Our method shows further advantages in determining low concentrations as well as the ability to measure locally, which is highly relevant for diamonds with largely varying Ns0 concentrations in a single crystal. A cross-check with electron paramagnetic resonance shows high reliability of our method and yields the absorption cross section of the 270 nm absorption band σ=1.96±0.15 cm−1 ppm−1 (in common logarithm) or σe=4.51±0.35 cm−1 ppm−1 (in natural logarithm), which serves as a reference to determine Ns0 concentrations and makes our method applicable for others without the need for a known Ns0-reference sample and calibration. We provide a rapid, practical, and replicable pathway that is independent of the machine used and can be widely implemented as a standard characterization method for the determination of Ns0 concentrations.
Assessing the importance of differential diffusion in stratified hydrogen–methane flames using extended flamelet tabulation approaches
Authors: Nicolai H. , Dressler L. , Janicka J. , Hasse C.
Published: August 2022

Taking into account detailed chemical kinetics and therefore allowing for a detailed representation of the flame's microstructure at reduced computational cost make flamelet-based tabulation approaches such as the flamelet-generated manifold (FGM) a commonly used method for turbulent combustion simulations. However, there has been little focus on analyzing such models for fuel blends, including hydrogen. One reason for that is the challenging inclusion of differential diffusion effects into FGM, which may become crucial for highly diffusive fuels such as hydrogen. This paper presents an extension of the FGM approach that takes into account differential diffusion to assess the importance of differential diffusion for methane hydrogen blends. To this end, an extended model containing five controlling variables can be derived. However, the high correlation of certain controlling variables and the number of control variables could be reduced to three controlling variables in this study. These models are coupled to the artificially thickened flame (ATF) approach to facilitate large-eddy simulations (LESs). To ensure the consistency of the coupling between FGM and ATF when differential diffusion is considered, the model is thoroughly verified and validated using freely propagating and stratified laminar one-dimensional flames. Finally, simulations of the turbulent premixed stratified burner operated with a hydrogen methane blend are performed. The validation of the modeling framework is performed by comparing the simulation results to extensive experimental data, allowing an in-depth analysis of the macro- and microstructure of the flame.
Separation and flow unsteadiness control in a compression corner induced interaction using mechanical vortex generators: Effects of vane size and inter-device spacing
Authors: Verma Shashi Bhushan , Manisankar C.
Published: August 2022

An experimental investigation was conducted to control separation characteristics of a 24° compression corner induced interaction in a Mach 2.0 flow using an array of mechanical vortex generators (VGs) with rectangular vanes (RRV) placed 6.8δ upstream of the interaction. The objective was to study the effect of (i) inter-VG spacing (s/h = 12, 9.5, 8.0, 6.1, 5.7, 5.5, 4.9, and 4.7), (ii) vane chord length (c/h = 7.2, 4.2, and 3.0), and (iii) vane angle (α = 24°, 20°, 18°, and 16°) in controlling the interaction and on the surface flow topology. These modifications reduce the projected area of VGs in the array from the conventional VG design of RRV2 (c/h = 7.2 and s/h = 9.5) to RRV8 (c/h = 3.0 and s/h = 4.7) by 41%. Reducing s/h also reduces the inter-VG region of the separation significantly that helps to achieve maximum reduction in the streamwise extent of separation up to 83% and in the peak rms value up to 80%. The former improves the overall pressure recovery from 3.0 to 3.4, thereby moving closer toward the inviscid value of 3.8. Surface flow topology shows that the VG array splits a single large spanwise separation bubble for no control into multiple smaller scale individual separation cells placed side-by-side all along the span of the interaction. This helps to reduce the magnitude of mass exchange imbalance across each individual separation cell and, hence, stabilizes the overall interaction relative to no control. The best VG configuration of RRV8 shifts the dominant frequency of fluctuations to approximately 2 kHz or St = 0.19, which is nearly an order of magnitude higher than that for no control.
The physiological cargo adaptor of kinesin-2 functions as an evolutionary conserved lockpick
Authors: Cleetus Augustine , Merck Georg , Mueller-Planitz Felix , Ökten Zeynep
Published: August 2022

Specific recognition of cellular cargo and efficient transport to its correct intracellular destination is an infrastructural challenge faced by most eukaryotic cells. This remarkable deed is accomplished by processive motor proteins that are subject to robust regulatory mechanisms. The first level of regulation entails the ability of the motor to suppress its own activity. This autoinhibition is eventually relieved by specific cargo binding. To better understand the role of the cargo during motor activation, we dissected the activation mechanism of the ciliary homodimeric kinesin-2 from
Caenorhabditis elegans
by its physiological cargo. In functional reconstitution assays, we identified two cargo adaptor proteins that together are necessary and sufficient to allosterically activate the autoinhibited motor. Surprisingly, the orthologous adaptor proteins from the unicellular green algae
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
also fully activated the kinesin-2 from worm, even though
C. reinhardtii
itself lacks a homodimeric kinesin-2 motor. The latter suggested that a motor activation mechanism similar to the
C. elegans
model existed already well before metazoans evolved, and prompted us to scrutinize predicted homodimeric kinesin-2 orthologs in other evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. We show that the ciliate
Tetrahymena thermophila
not only possesses a homodimeric kinesin-2 but that it also shares the same allosteric activation mechanism that we delineated in the
C. elegans
model. Our results point to a much more fundamental role of homodimeric kinesin-2 in intraflagellar transport (IFT) than previously thought and warrant further scrutiny of distantly related organisms toward a comprehensive picture of the IFT process and its evolution.
The neuropeptide landscape of human prefrontal cortex
Authors: Zhong Wen , Barde Swapnali , Mitsios Nicholas , Adori Csaba , Oksvold Per , Feilitzen Kalle von , O’Leary Liam , Csiba László , Hortobágyi Tibor , Szocsics Péter , Mechawar Naguib , Maglóczky Zsófia , Renner Éva , Palkovits Miklós , Uhlén Mathias , Mulder Jan , Hökfelt Tomas
Published: August 2022

Human prefrontal cortex (hPFC) is a complex brain region involved in cognitive and emotional processes and several psychiatric disorders. Here, we present an overview of the distribution of the peptidergic systems in 17 subregions of hPFC and three reference cortices obtained by microdissection and based on RNA sequencing and RNAscope methods integrated with published single-cell transcriptomics data. We detected expression of 60 neuropeptides and 60 neuropeptide receptors in at least one of the hPFC subregions. The results reveal that the peptidergic landscape in PFC consists of closely located and functionally different subregions with unique peptide/transmitter–related profiles. Neuropeptide-rich PFC subregions were identified, encompassing regions from anterior cingulate cortex/orbitofrontal gyrus. Furthermore, marked differences in gene expression exist between different PFC regions (>5-fold; cocaine and amphetamine–regulated transcript peptide) as well as between PFC regions and reference regions, for example, for somatostatin and several receptors. We suggest that the present approach allows definition of, still hypothetical, microcircuits exemplified by glutamatergic neurons expressing a peptide cotransmitter either as an agonist (hypocretin/orexin) or antagonist (galanin). Specific neuropeptide receptors have been identified as possible targets for neuronal afferents and, interestingly, peripheral blood-borne peptide hormones (leptin, adiponectin, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon-like peptides, and peptide YY). Together with other recent publications, our results support the view that neuropeptide systems may play an important role in hPFC and underpin the concept that neuropeptide signaling helps stabilize circuit connectivity and fine-tune/modulate PFC functions executed during health and disease.
Natural variation identifies new effectors of water-use efficiency in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Bhaskara Govinal Badiger , Lasky Jesse R. , Razzaque Samsad , Zhang Li , Haque Taslima , Bonnette Jason E. , Civelek Guzide Zeynep , Verslues Paul E. , Juenger Thomas E.
Published: August 2022

Water-use efficiency (WUE) is the ratio of biomass produced per unit of water consumed; thus, it can be altered by genetic factors that affect either side of the ratio. In the present study, we exploited natural variation for WUE to discover loci affecting either biomass accumulation or water use as factors affecting WUE. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using integrated WUE measured through carbon isotope discrimination (δ
13
C) of
Arabidopsis thaliana
accessions identified genomic regions associated with WUE. Reverse genetic analysis of 70 candidate genes selected based on the GWAS results and transcriptome data identified 25 genes affecting WUE as measured by gravimetric and δ
13
C analyses. Mutants of four genes had higher WUE than wild type, while mutants of the other 21 genes had lower WUE. The differences in WUE were caused by either altered biomass or water consumption (or both). Stomatal density (SD) was not a primary cause of altered WUE in these mutants. Leaf surface temperatures indicated that transpiration differed for mutants of 16 genes, but generally biomass accumulation had a greater effect on WUE. The genes we identified are involved in diverse cellular processes, including hormone and calcium signaling, meristematic activity, photosynthesis, flowering time, leaf/vasculature development, and cell wall composition; however, none of them had been previously linked to WUE. Thus, our study successfully identified effectors of WUE that can be used to understand the genetic basis of WUE and improve crop productivity.
“He’s a lawyer you know and all of that”
Authors: Olayinka Unuabonah Foluke , Oyebola Folajimi
Published: August 2022

This study examines the use of general extenders in Nigerian English, from a variational corpus-pragmatic framework, with British English as a reference variety. The data are extracted from the Nigerian and British components of theInternational Corpus of English. The results reveal that Nigerian English has patterns of use of general extenders that differ systematically from British English. Overall, Nigerian English users employ general extenders less frequently than British English users, as a result of a low preference for disjunctive extenders; there are no significant differences in the frequency of adjunctive and other general extenders between Nigerian and British English users. The study also identifies variants of general extenders unique to Nigerian English such asand all that one, andand other things (like that). In all, the results indicate that register and regional differences play important roles in determining general extender usage among English users.
Excision of selectable marker genes from transgenic plants by site-specific DNA recombination
Authors: Sun JiaQiang Sun JiaQiang , Zuo JianRu Zuo JianRu
Published: August 2022

Current genetic transformation methods have relatively low efficiencies, e.g. in the successful model species
Arabidopsis thaliana
, the transformation efficiency is in the range 0.05 to 5%. This requires the use of selectable markers to identify the transformants among the untransformed cells. As many of the most efficient selectable markers are antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes, which have perceived biosafety concerns, the development of marker-free GM products is likely to be advantageous for public acceptance and compliance with regulatory requirements. To date, three approaches have been employed to generate marker-free transgenic plants. One approach involves removal of a selectable marker gene from transgenic plants (marker removal). A second method is to overexpress specific genes that are capable of promoting transgenic plant regeneration thus allowing their preferential regeneration compared with untransformed plants (marker-free transformation). The third method was developed from a combination of these two methods. This review highlights recent advances in the development of site-specific DNA recombinase-based systems for marker removal. A simple system consists of a site-specific DNA recombinase (e.g. Cre, Flp or R) and its corresponding recognition sites (
lox
,
FRT
or
RS
, respectively). The recombinase specifically recognizes its target site, cleaves the double-stranded DNA and then specifically rejoins certain double DNA ends to complete the entire recombination process. Most of the current marker excision methods are based on this type of site-specific DNA recombination system.
Agricultural biotechnology in the Caribbean
Authors: Mitchell S. A. , Ahmad M. H.
Published: August 2022

The Caribbean is a region of the world that appears to be a group of islands, not attached to anywhere else and perfect for a holiday. Alongside the tourists, however, are a growing list of scientists and organizations busy about the task of agricultural biotechnology. From Mexico to Cuba, from Trinidad and Tobago to Guyana, things are happening. The Caribbean Region is comprised of the island states in the Caribbean Sea, and adjoining coastal countries. There are many relevant organizations and networks in the region including the University of the West Indies (www.uwicentre.edu.jm/), IICA, the International Institute for Co-operation in Agriculture (www.iica.int/home.asp), the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institution, CARDI (www.cardi.org), PROCICARIBE, the Caribbean Agricultural Science and Technology Networking System, (www.procicaribe.org/), the Caribbean Biotechnology Network Project (www.cafpro.org/cbnp.htm), the Multinational Biotechnology Information System (SIMBIOSIS www.bdt.org.br/bdt/simbiosis), REDBIO Technical Co-operation Network on Plant Biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean (REDBIO/FAO) , the United Nations University BIOLAC or Biotechnology for Latin America and the Caribbean (www.biolac.unu.edu/English/homenglish.htm), even a Pan American Marine Biotechnology Association (www.pamba.org). There is also a regional Biotechnology on-line publication maintained by REDBIO, (www.ejbiotechnology.info/) and a newsletter, SPORE published by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA, www.cta.nl). From all of these networks a connectivity of scientists and research is emerging, which is slowly revolutionising these islands away from just sugar into many other crops. This article highlights many of these biotechnologies and points the way forward for this region.
Diseases of mithun (
Bos frontalis
) - a review.
Authors: Rajkhowa S. , Rajkhowa C. , Bujarbaruah K. M.
Published: August 2022

The present review is based on published and unpublished documents available on various diseases of mithuns as reported by several workers throughout the world. The diseases have been categorized into two main groups: specific diseases and non-specific diseases. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) appears to be a very common viral disease of mithuns and they are comparatively more susceptible to FMD than other livestock species. Other viral diseases reported in mithuns include malignant catarrhal fever and rinderpest. Bacterial diseases recorded in mithuns by various workers include Johne's disease (paratuberculosis;
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
infection), bronchopneumonia caused by
Pseudomonas
spp., black quarter (
Clostridium chauvoei
infection), anthrax and brucellosis. Various gastrointestinal nematodes as well as coccidian parasites have also been observed in mithuns and the comparative efficacy of different anthelmintics is discussed. There are few reports on haemoprotozoan diseases of mithuns like babesiosis. Data on other haemoprotozoan diseases like theileriasis in related species of animals are discussed in detail, while reports related to ectoparasites, hypovitaminosis A and other non-specific diseases like brain abscesses, wounds and corneal opacity are briefly covered.