bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REDUCING SHIP EMISSIONS: A REVIEW OF POTENTIAL PRACTICAL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY OF FUTURE SHIPS
Authors: Molland A F , Turnock S R , Hudson D A , Utama I K A P
Published: December 2021

Environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases, pollution, wash and noise are having an increasing impact on the design and operation of ships. These environmental issues together with economic factors, such as rising fuel costs, all ultimately lead to the need to minimise ship propulsive power. Various methods and devices for reducing propulsive power are reviewed and discussed. The most favourable methods, from a feasible and practical point of view, are identified and quantified. It is found that potential reductions in the resistance of existing good hull forms are relatively small, but optimising hull-propeller-rudder interaction offers very promising prospects for improvement. The biggest potential savings in power arise from optimised operational strategies such as the use of optimum trim, speed and weather routeing. Potential conflicts of interest when considering both economic and environmental requirements are investigated and discussed. Suitable design methodologies and procedures, taking into account economic and environmental factors, are suggested for the design of future ships.
ENABLING TECHNOLOGY AND THE NAVAL ARCHITECT 1860-2010
Authors: Buxton I
Published: December 2021

I have a brief comment to contribute: “This is a thorough review of the technical changes over the last 150 years in the Marine Sector. Even more interesting the author has linked these with the changing market and business drivers over that period. It also illustrates how the aggregation of all the individual changes represent several revolutions in the sector. Can I ask the author to now wind the story forwards and give his view of the future and what the marriage of “Technology Push” and “Market Pull” is likely to hold in store for the next 150 years. However disconcerting it might seem - the rate of change will not stop – the opportunities are legion”.
ON THE APPLICATION OF THE EXTREME VALUE THEORY IN SHIP’S STRENGTH CALCULATIONS
Authors: Ivanov L D
Published: December 2021

The problem undertaken by the Author is fundamen- tal for ship safety and was discussed many times in the past (e.g. Boistov, 2000). However, the discus- sions did not dispel the Author’s or my doubts for the same reason: “If the calculations with the Ex- treme Value Theory of the probability of exceeding of the design hull girder bending moment are cor- rect, ships would suffer more severe casualties than previously observed.”
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PLATE FORMING USING THE TECHNIQUE OF LINE HEATING
Authors: Zhou B , Han X , Tan S-K , Liu Y , Wei Z
Published: December 2021

Nowadays manual and experiential technique patterns of line heating process could not meet the requirement of modern shipbuilding. Therefore, the automatic forming method is being an active research topic in manufacturing. An accurate and practical predicting method is an essential part of the automatic plate forming system. In the present work a numerical elasto-plastic thermo-mechanical model has been developed for predicting the thermal history and resulting deformation and residual stress field of line heating process. A moving Gaussian distributed heat source was used in the modelling to create a realistic simulation of the process. The transient temperature distributions were predicted using temperature-dependent material properties. The deformation and residual stress field were predicted based on the transient temperature distributions of line heating. Experiments were conducted to prove the validity of the numerical thermo-mechanical model. The final numerical results of temperature, deformation and residual stresses are in good agreement with experiment results. The proposed method presents a valuable reference for the study of similar thermal process.
A LOCKED-POSITION MONITOR FOR IMPROVING SAFETY OF RELEASE HOOKS IN ENCLOSED LIFEBOATS
Authors: Chang K Y , Chang C L , Hung C C , Chiou A S
Published: December 2021

Repeated casualties caused by inadvertent release of lifeboat release hooks during drills and inspections have attracted the attention of the International Maritime Organization, which correspondingly amends the Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code in the international convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. This study proposes novel installations of locked-position monitors on release hooks for monitoring and safety checks. With the installation of locked-position monitors near unsealed pull rod, upon lifting the lifeboat from the water, the sensors can initiatively detect whether the release hooks are in a locked position. If the release hooks are not in the locked position for any reason, audible alarms are activated, warning lifeboat operators to cease operations and wait for further inspection. The example provided in this research indicates that locked-position monitors can be implemented on lifeboats to reduce accidents resulting from malfunctioning lifeboat release hooks, thereby promoting a safer working environment for all seamen at sea.
NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SLAMMING LOADS DURING WATER ENTRY OF BOW-FLARED SECTIONS
Authors: Wang Shan , Luo H B , Guedes Soares C
Published: December 2021

The two-dimensional water entry of bow-flared sections is studied by using a Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian- Eulerian (MMALE) formulation and a penalty-coupling algorithm. A convergence study is carried out, considering the effects of mesh size, the dimension of fluids domain, and fluid leakage phenomenon through the structure. The predicted results on the wetted surface of a bow-flared section are compared with published experimental values in terms of vertical slamming force, pressure distributions at different time instances and the pressure histories at different points. Comparisons between the numerical results and measured values show satisfactory correlation. An approximation method is adopted to estimate the sectional slamming force showing good consistency for the peak forces.
SUPERIOR SEAWORTHINESS OF A RESONANCE-FREE FAST OCEANGOING SWATH
Authors: Yoshida M , Kihara H , Iwashita H , Kanda M , Kinoshita T
Published: December 2021

The speed reduction, additional resistance or slamming caused by the large amplitude ship motions, should be completely restricted for a large fast oceangoing ship because of the strict time-punctuality and the high value of the cargo. A “Resonance-Free SWATH (RFS)”, which has negative restoring moments due to the extremely small water plane area, is introduced to minimize the motion responses. A motion control system using small fins is necessary for the RFS, which has no stability during high speed cruising. Theoretical estimations and experiments to search for the optimum values of PD control gains have been performed. Unsteady characteristics of fin-generated lift such as the time lag and the interaction among the fins and lower hulls have been measured and they are taken into account in the motion equations. Then, experiments using the RFS model with controlling fins have been carried out to validate the theoretical estimation for the motion responses of the RFS in waves. The theoretical and experimental results agree well with each other. The motion responses of the RFS in regular and irregular head waves are compared with those of other hull forms, such as a mono-hull, an ordinary SWATH and a trimaran. The clear advantage of the RFS regarding the seaworthiness has been found. In summary, the heave motion response of the RFS is reduced to 1/60 and the pitch motion becomes1/8, compared with those of the existing mono-hull ship.
A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO SURVIVABILITY ASSESSMENT IN NAVAL SHIP CONCEPT DESIGN
Authors: Piperakis A S , Andrews D J
Published: December 2021

Alongside deploying weapons and sensors what makes a warship distinct is its survivability, being the measure that enables a warship to survive in a militarily hostile environment. The rising cost of warship procurement, coupled with declining defence budgets, has led to cost cutting, often aimed at aspects, such as survivability, which may be difficult to quantify in a manner that facilitates cost capability trade-offs. Therefore, to meet ever-reducing budgets, in real terms, innovation in both the design process and the design of individual ships is necessary, especially at the crucial early design stages. Computer technology can be utilised to exploit architecturally orientated preliminary design approaches, which have been conceived to explore innovation early in the ship design process and the impact of such issues as survivability. A number of survivability assessment tools currently exist; however, most fail to integrate all the constituent elements of survivability (i.e. susceptibility, vulnerability and recoverability), in that they are unable to balance between the component aspects of survivability. Some of these tools are qualitative and therefore less than ideal in specifying survivability requirements, others are aimed towards the more detailed design stages where implementing changes is heavily constrained or even impractical. This paper presents a survivability assessment approach combining various tools used by UCL and the UK Ministry of Defence, as well as a new approach for recoverability assessment. The proposed method attempts to better integrate and quantify survivability in early stage ship design, which is facilitated by the UCL derived, architecturally focused, design building block approach. The integrated survivability method is demonstrated for a set of naval combatant concept designs and for two replenishment ship studies to test the robustness of the proposed approach.
CORRECTION OF PREDICTION MODEL OUTPUT–APPLICATION TO GENERAL CORROSION MODEL
Authors: Hifi N , Barltrop N
Published: December 2021

This paper applies a newly developed methodology to calibrate the corrosion model within a structural reliability analysis. The methodology combines data from experience (measurements and expert judgment) and prediction models to adjust the structural reliability models. Two corrosion models published in the literature have been used to demonstrate the technique used for the model calibration. One model is used as a prediction for a future degradation and a second one to represent the inspection recorded data. The results of the calibration process are presented and discussed.
A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO SURVIVABILITY ASSESSMENT IN NAVAL SHIP CONCEPT DESIGN
Authors: Piperakis A S , Andrews D J
Published: December 2021

I first want to congratulate the authors with their result in an attempt to address survivability assessment in the concept design phase of a naval ship. Especially the developed method for assessing “recoverability” as an integrated part of “survivability” is very original as well as a very practical and transparent approach. This method fits very well with the level of design information that can be made available during concept phase and the need for design decisions on this matter. Existing, more accurate methods for assessing these aspects often require much more design information, often only available much later in the design process when the freedom to further improve the design, based on these results of the assessment, has been reduced dramatically.
Risk Factors of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-control Study
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Khajavirad Nasim , Alavi Darazam Ilad , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Ansari Saham , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Jamalimoghadamsiahkali Saeidreza , Izadi Alireza , Kiyaei Reyhaneh Sadat , Seifi Arash , Abolghasemi Sara , Hatami Firouze , Boekhout Teun , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Khodavaisy Sadegh
Published: December 2021

Background: With the emergence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, health care systems have faced the biggest challenge in recent decades. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify risk factors associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The total number of confirmed COVID-19 patients was 218 (105 cases with OPC and 113 controls without OPC). The questionnaire used in this study consisted of demographic data, treatment strategy, clinical and laboratory data, and underlying diseases collected from the onset of clinical OPC until the end of hospitalization. Results: Pseudomembranous candidiasis (77/105, 73.3%) was the most prevalent form of OPC in case patients. The majority of the cases (58.1%) and controls (58.4%) were males. Increasing age (P = 0.03) and hospitalization length (P = 0.016) were significantly associated with OPC in COVID-19 patients. Diabetes (P = 0.003), solid tumor (P = 0.019), and hypertension (P = 0.000) were the most common underlying conditions. The use of dentures (P = 0.003) and poor oral hygiene (P = 0.000) were related to OPC in the case group. Therapy with chloroquine (P = 0.012), IVIG (P = 0.001), diuretics (P = 0.000), and corticosteroid pulse therapy (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with developing OPC in case patients. Conclusions: Old age, hospitalization length, poor oral hygiene, corticosteroids use, diabetes, solid tumor, and hypertension may predispose COVID-19 patients to develop OPC.
What Will the Post-pandemic World Be Like? A Qualitative Study on the Perceptions of Brazilians with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Faleiros Fabiana , Alves Deisimeri , Schoeller Soraia Dornelles , Machado William César Alves , Corbo Leticia , Zuchetto Milena
Published: December 2021

Background: Given the worldwide pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, this study sought to understand how people with spinal cord injury (SCI) perceive the post-pandemic context. Objectives: We aimed to understand the perceptions of people with SCI in Brazil regarding the world in the post-pandemic context. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on SCI Brazilians using a form published on SurveyMonkey® with questions regarding their perspectives on the post-pandemic world. The responses were analyzed considering Bardin, Axel Honneth, and Ernst Bloch. Results: The results demonstrated that the lives of SCI people in Brazil did not change during the pandemic, as they were already isolated due to the lack of accessibility. Conclusions: Imagining future scenarios following the pandemic is highly complex; however, the present can be understood as a moment to reflect on how humanity has developed thus far, especially concerning impaired accessibility and the pervasive lack of empathy and solidarity.
Political Legitimacy as a Problem of Judgment
Authors: Fossen Thomas ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the differences between moralist, realist, and pragmatist approaches to political legitimacy by articulating their largely implicit views of judgment. Three claims are advanced. First, the salient opposition among approaches to legitimacy is not between “moralism” and “realism.” Recent realist proposals for rethinking legitimacy share with moralist views a distinctive form, called “normativism”: a quest for knowledge of principles that solve the question of legitimacy. This assumes that judging legitimacy is a matter of applying such principles to a case at hand. Second, neither Rawls nor Habermas is a normativist about political legitimacy. The principles of legitimacy they proffer claim to express rather than adjudicate the legitimacy of a liberal-democratic regime, and thus cannot solve the question of legitimacy at a fundamental level. But perhaps we should question the normativist aspiration to theoretically resolving the problem to begin with. My third claim is that a “pragmatist” approach enables us to rethink political legitimacy more deeply by shifting focus from the articulation of principles to the activity of judging. Implicit in Rawls’s and Habermas’s theories I then find clues towards an alternative account of judgment, in which the question of legitimacy calls not for theoretical resolution but for ongoing practical engagement.
Læremidlet som forandringsagent i klasserummet
Authors: Beksgaard Cecilie Copeland , Seidelin Lars , Lind Naja , Petersen Casper , Moberg Kåre
Published: December 2021

I danske grundskoler ses en stigende udbredelse af læremidler, hvis formål er at fremme elevernes teknologiske og problemløsende kompetencer. Rammerne ændres dermed for undervisningen, og for læreren fordrer det en teknologisk didaktisk forståelse, ligesom de i højere grad udøver facilitering frem for traditionel undervisning. Omdrejningspunktet for denne artikel er læremidlet Teksperimentet, der skriver sig ind i teknologiforståelsens fagdidaktik og søger at understøtte uerfarne men nysgerrige lærere i arbejdet med teknologi. Artiklen gennemgår en række empiriske eksempler på brugen af læremidlet Teksperimentet med henblik på at fremhæve didaktiske muligheder og udfordringer, der opstår, når læremidlet tages i anvendelse i undervisningen. Ud fra et lærerperspektiv beskrives det, hvad det kræves for at navigere som facilitator i klasserummet, samt hvordan undervisningens rammer og eleverne påvirkes og forandres med læremidlet. Det er vores håb, at artiklens fund vil fungere som et bidrag i overgangen, hvor teknologiforståelse går fra at være et politisk mål til en pædagogisk praksis.
Computational thinking karakteriseret som et sæt af kompetencer
Authors: Ejsing-Duun Stine , Misfeldt Morten , Andersen Daniel Gorm
Published: December 2021

Når Teknologiforståelse rammer klasseværelset, står lærere og elever overfor et nyt fag, de endnu ikke er bekendte med. Faget er deﬁneret igennem læreplan og fælles mål blandt andet gennem kompetenceområdet computationel tankeg 1ang . I denne artikel sætter vi fokus på, hvilke kompetencer der knytter sig til computational thinking ved at undersøge, hvordan de er beskrevet og deﬁneret i tidligere forskning. Formålet er igennem denne begrebskortlægning at skabe et mere nuanceret sprog for indholdet af kompetenceområdet. Artiklen bygger på en litteraturgennemgang af international forskningslitteratur, der omtaler ”computational thinking” og kompetencer fra 2013, hvor en større litteraturgennemgang blev fortaget, og frem til 2018, hvor forsøget om Teknologiforståelse blev udrullet i Danmark, samtidigt med at en lang række andre lande påbegyndte egentlig implementering af programmering og computational thinking i grundskolen.
The specificity of Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023
Authors: Khusainova Sofia
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. The object is Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023. The author meticulously analyzes the positions of the state, taking into account national interests and peculiarities of the current international situation in the region. The article examines the domestic legislative acts adopted for regulation of the Arctic Region, as well as international documents aimed at sustainable development of the North. The conditions of collective security dictate moderate and clearly defined policy in the Arctic, which is the central arena for political action with the leading role of the Russian Federation until 2023. The conclusion is drawn that the Arctic Region is currently the most relevant vector of the policy of northern states. Chairmanship of the Russian Federation imposes enormous responsibility on the country, as despite the overall state of security in the region, there remains a range of unresolved issues. The attempts of institutionalization of the Arctic Council may become an implicit threat for the Russian Federation; this is why the systematization of domestic legislation and foreign policy actions on maintaining the health of ecosystem, cultural heritage, and environmental policy have become the priority vectors in the first year of Russia’s chairmanship. The overall responsibility of the leading actor the Arctic does not exclude the existence of classic threats to the security of state’s sovereignty, which requires accurate planning in subsequent years of the chairmanship.
The role of international organizations and international law in protecting minors from implication in life and health threatening illegal activities
Authors: Greben'kova Lidiya Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the role of international organizations, as well as legal acts adopted on the international level aimed at protecting the rights and ensuring security of minors, namely with regards to implication  in illegal activities that threaten their life and health. The author aims to determine the international legal basis for the emergence of the norms in national criminal legislation that protect minors from such violations. Emphasis is placed on the process of establishment of international legal protection of minors, and the role of international organizations therein. Special attention is given to the corresponding regional international documents, which contain innovative provisions that should be included into the framework acts. The novelty of this research lies in comprehensive analysis of the international legal grounds for protection of minors from implication in illegal activities that threaten their life and health. The conclusion is made that the list of measures for the protection of minors established by the international acts is constantly expanding; despite the fact that the international acts and decisions of international organizations do not contain the norms that explicitly stipulate the responsibility of the states to ensure protection of minors from implication in illegal activities, the responsibility on establishing such protection stems from the norms that declare the need to protect minors from negligent treatment, engagement in negative social practices, as well as ensuring their information security. Therefore, the inclusion of the norm 151.2 “Implication of a minor in commission of life and health threatening actions” into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has solid foundation associated with the acts of international law and activity of international organizations.
Discharge of obligation by an insolvent taxpayer on recovery of the amount of value-added tax in the context of ensuring public financial and economic interests
Authors: Kiryanova Nadezda Nikolaevna
Published: December 2021

This article considers the problem of recovery of the amount of value-added tax by insolvent taxpayers in the context of ensuring public financial and economic interests. Analysis is conducted on the problem of whether taxpayers have obligation to recover the amount of value-added tax in terms of selling property during bankruptcy procedure, taking into account the established law enforcement practice and theoretical views on the topic. The subject of this research is the norms of tax law that regulate the obligation of insolvent taxpayers in recovery of the amount of value-added tax in terms of selling property during bankruptcy procedure. Such obligation of insolvent taxpayers is viewed with consideration of the need to ensure financial and economic interests of creditors of the debtor and public financial and economic interests. The author determines and substantiates the need for comparing fiscal interests with the financial and economic interests of creditors of the debtor, as well as public financial and economic interests in the context of implementation of norms of tax law to the discharge of tax obligations by insolvent taxpayers. It is established that the obligation of insolvent taxpayers to recover the amount of value-added tax significantly affects the financial and economic interests of creditors of the debtor. Based on the acquired results, the author offers to develop the position on the legislative level, according to which the obligation on recovery of the amount of value-added tax does not apply to taxpayers who are declared bankrupt in accordance with the established procedure, or the priority of payment of this tax can be lowered in case of objections of the interested parties.
Types of easements and peculiarities of their implementation in the Russian and Vietnamese Law
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hoan
Published: December 2021

The relevance of this article is substantiated by the absence of unified approach toward comprehension of the legal nature of public easement. Insufficient regulation of easement relations in civil legislation of the Russian Federation (easement is mentioned in just four articles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) entails the problems in law enforcement practice. One of such problems is the absence of universal classification of easements that would ensure unity of the mechanism for regulating easement relations, which affords grounds for amending the current Russian legislation. The attempt to systematize easements suggested by the real right reform is polemical and yet to be approved. The subject of this research on the basis of comparative legal analysis is the provisions of the types of easements and peculiarities of the implementation in the Russian and Vietnamese law. The novelty lies in carrying out a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of the types of easements in the Russian and Vietnamese law. The conclusion is made on the gap in the mechanism of regulation of easement relations in the Russian legislation. The need is substantiated for the systemic construction of easement norms in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author makes recommendations for the improvement of the provisions on easement in the reform, and outlines the vector of development of this institution in the current legislation of Vietnam. The theoretical and practical value of this work gives an in-depth perspective on the civil law of the Russian Federation and Vietnam.
Verbalization of cognitive processes in the texts of bilinguals with alexithymia
Authors: Galkina Svetlana Fedorovna , Lasovskaya Tat'yana Yur'evna , Pupkova Ekaterina Olegovna
Published: December 2021

This article describes certain fragments of verbal-lexical and linguistic-cognitive levels of linguistic personality of the bilinguals with alexithymia. The goal lies in their determination, description, and comparison with the corresponding fragments of linguistic personality of the Russians with alexithymia for outlining the parameters that correlate or do not correlate with nationality and alexithymia status of the respondent. The research leans on the linguistic, quantitative and qualitative content analysis of autobiographical texts. The essential condition for including in the number of respondents was a pronounced alexithymia status (diagnosed in accordance with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale), affiliation to Altai or Yakut ethnic group, and command of the corresponding language (bilingualism). The following conclusions were made: certain cognitive and lexical-semantic parameters remain constant, while morphological and punctuation parameters among Altai and Yakut people cease to be the criterion of the pronounced alexithymia status of a person. The acquired results can be used as a complementary instrument for the diagnosis of alexithymia and its correction. The relevance of this research is substantiated by incidence of the phenomenon of alexithymia and the need for conducting comparative study of the texts of persons with alexithymia who belong to different ethnic groups, which allows determining the framework of such supplementary instrument of diagnosis as text analysis.
Development of a stochastic bioeconomic model for the red octopus fishery on the Yucatan Peninsula: Implications for management
Authors: Jurado-Molina Jesus , García-Meléndez Jessica Johana , Cortes-Salgado Miriam
Published: December 2021

Although much effort has been dedicated to the management of the red octopus fishery on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), managers have yet to incorporate economic aspects to ensure sustainable and profitable exploitation of this fishery resource. We developed a bioeconomic model that incorporated the uncertainty for the r and K parameters. We fit 3 models (Schaefer, Fox, and Pella–Tomlinson) to abundance index survey data and used the Akaike information criterion for model selection. The best fit corresponded to the Schaefer model. We built deterministic and stochastic versions of the Gordon–Schaefer model. Economic data (costs and prices) were determined from inter[1]views with fishermen. To estimate the posterior distributions of parameters and indicators, we used Bayesian methods with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. The deterministic results suggested that the maximum sustainable income was Mex$851.70 million, with a fishing effort of 3,650 fishing boats, while the maximum sustainable profit was $390.8 million, with a fishing effort of 2,472 fishing boats. The equilibrium point corresponded to an effort of 4,945 fishing boats. Regarding the stochastic model, the MCMC simulation results suggest that the maximum sustainable income distribution was not normal; its average was $856.1 million (SE 1.8) and the most likely value was $849.50 million. The most likely fishing effort at equilibrium was 4,970 fishing boats. Our results suggest the fishery could be operating close to the economic equilibrium point; if this is the case, fishing effort must decrease in order for annual profit to increase. Our approach will help make periodical re-evaluations of the fishery and establish management strategies to ensure the profitable and sustainable exploitation of the red octopus on the Yucatan Peninsula.
Assessment of Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 1 DM with and without Good Metabolic Control
Authors: Elbahgy Hesham Ali , Khalfallah Mohamed , Abdel-Meged Randa Mohamed , Salama Mai M. Abd Elmoneim
Published: December 2021

Background: Diabetic patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)are frequently associated with diastolic dysfunction. However, LVEF is known not to be a sensitive marker for the detection of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction. This study aimed to assess left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in asymptomatic type 1 diabetic patients by conventional, tissue Doppler and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to assess subclinical left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

Methods: Case-control study was conducted at 150 patients aged 15-35 y were subdivided into three equal groups: Group A: with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with good metabolic control (Hb A1C <7.0), Group B: T1DM with poor metabolic control (Hb A1C>7.0), and Group C: Control group: included 50 normal healthy subjects.

Results: Tissue Doppler, diastolic function and strain parameters, AP4C LS, AP2C LS, AP3C LS, and GLS were significantly impaired among the three groups. AP4C LS, AP2C LS, AP3C LS, and GLS were significantly lower in group B than group A and group C and was significantly lower in group A than group C, A velocity was significantly impaired among the three groups. A velocity was significantly higher in group B than group A and group C and was insignificantly impaired in group A than group C.

Conclusion: Conventional echocardiography parameters were insignificantly different between the study groups. 2D speckle tracking and tissue Doppler echocardiography showed that subclinical left ventricular systolic function may be affected even before affection of diastolic function. Longer duration and poor glycemic control of diabetes significantly affect GLS.
Influence of Krishi Vigyan Kendras and Socio-Economic Characteristics towards Adoption of Climate-Resilient Technologies
Authors: Harsha Vardhan Peddi Naga , Pal Prabhat Kumar , Roy Deepa
Published: December 2021

Indian economy is mostly dependent on agriculture but climate change is the most threatening phenomena and addressing it as the biggest challenge now a days. ‘In order to reduce the climate change adversities, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with the help of different Krishi vigyan Kendra (KVKs) operated a project called “National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture”. To know the impact of the project a study was conducted in KVKs (i.e., NICRA, KVKs) of two districts of North Bengal i.e., Cooch Behar and Malda. One adopted village and one non adopted village adjacent to adopted village (as control area) were selected for study from each KVK-area.  From each village 30 respondents were selected randomly i.e., 60 respondents from adopted village and 60 respondents from non-adopted village. A total of 120 respondents were taken for the research work. The result from this study shows that in the level of awareness, adoption of water-saving technology, in-situ moisture conservation technology, water harvesting, recycling technology and other climate-resilient technologies the mean awareness and adoption score is more in the adopted village than in the non adopted village. The education of household head, total land holding, outside contact score, total yearly income of the family, extent of participation, exposure to interpersonal media, household power access status, level of awareness on climate resilient technology and extent of association with KVK are positively and significantly associated with adoption score. It is also found that in non-adopted villages the socio-economic variables are influencing more towards adoption of climate-resilient technology, whereas, in adopted villages it is due to the association with KVK.
Variation in Calcium Content of Ginger Germplasm Inoculated with Bio-Agent, Trichoderma viride against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Mahapatra Manaswini , Nayak Dhirendra Kumar , Pradhan Pranaya , Mishra Antaryami
Published: December 2021

The study was aimed to control nematodes in ginger crop in a sustainable way through inoculation of bio-agent, Trichoderma viride. The outcome of our research revealed that Trichoderma viride alone (T2) was the most effective treatment among all. This bio-agent has lowered the root-knot nematode populations by suppressing the disease intensity and responsible for enhancement of plant growth, increases the availability of nutrients to host plant. Meloidogyne incognita alone (T1) infected rhizomes resulted in highest reduction of calcium content amounting 2.26 and 2.43 mg/100g dry weight whereas maximum content was recorded in Trichoderma viride alone (T2) inoculated rhizomes as 2.84 and 3.08 mg 100g-1 dry weight in suravi and suprabha over control (T7) respectively. Trichoderma viride inoculated 15 days prior to Meloidogyne incognita (TV→MI) was found to be most efficient one among all combined treatments. Susceptibility towards nematode induced more nutrient deposition in rhizomes of ginger crop due to poor translocation process through xylem.
A Nudge to Physicians to Achieve LDL Goals
Authors: F. Cabahug Reagan
Published: December 2021

Reduction in coronary events rates in high-risk patients is feasible by altering cardiovascular risk factors. In the US and most European Countries, the leading cause of death is coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypercholesterolemia is the principal risk factor for coronary artery disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) are significant risk factors for CHD [1]. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-Co-A) inhibitors are the most effective treatment of cutting LDL-C levels with a subsequent reduction in cardiovascular death and morbidity. A nudge happens when a choice architecture is planned to control behaviour predictably without curbing an individual’s choice [2]. For a nudge to be influential, the direction and force should be in line with professional standards. The article detailed how patients' and physicians' actions contributed to the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Nudges either digital or  manual (use of post-it) can be useful in influencing physicians to be proactive and can increase patients’ adherence to the therapy. Trust between the patient and the physician is crucial in attaining these goals. Nudges can be a valuable management tool for steering correct behaviours among healthcare providers. The technique is to ensure that physicians see them as something constructive and not irritating or controlling noodges.
Medicinal Plants Explain the Significant Role of Uric Acid for Malaria Parasite
Authors: Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed , Noor Sufian Khalid M. , Kashif Awadalla H , Eltayeb Mohammed Medani , Eltom Abdelgadir Elamin , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , Popova Elizabeth , Hassan Shafie Abdulkadir , Salih Yassin Bakri , Elfaki Tarig Mohammed , Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

Medicinal plants, recognized and employed in conventional medicine practices since prehistoric era. Plants produce thousands of chemical substances for functions counting defence against insects, fungi, bacterial and parasitic diseases.

Malaria is most widespread parasitic infection , it caused by coccidian protozoa of the genus plasmodium , four species are mostly infect human, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malriae and P. ovale, Majority of malaria cases resulted from P. falciparum and P. vivax.

Uric acid regarded as one of the damaging molecular patterns of malaria parasite infection, and in this review we discussed the potential role of medicinal plants used as antimalarial to diminish the level of uric acid in gout patients. These may suggest that most of the complication associated with malaria, may attributed to amplified level of uric acid . Experimental studies recommended.
Factors Influencing Medical Students' Choice Regarding Anaesthesiology as a Future Career at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnajjar Hani , Munshi Ibtesam , Kamal Yumna , Aljohani Rawan Awad , Alsahafi Baylasan , Alsulami Ghadeer
Published: December 2021

Aims: Our study aimed to identify whether anesthesiology is a desired specialty among medical students at King Abdulaziz University and what factors may have influenced or hindered their decision.

Study Design: Cross‑sectional study.

Study Setting: At King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between June 8th, 2019 till June 25th, 2019.

Methodology: An online questionnaire was distributed to all 700 5th and 6th year medical students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and they were asked to fill it anonymously. Pre-clinical medical students (2nd, 3rd and 4th years) were excluded due to their lack of exposure to the field of anesthesiology. The estimated sample size was a random 248 medical students of KAUH.

Results: Our results showed that the most preferred specialties were Internal medicine (37.9%), followed by surgery (35.5%), then family medicine (27%). While the field of anesthesiology was chosen by 14.5% of the participants. However, in response to a separate question, 79.8% of the respondents have not considered it as their future career.

Many considered Doctor-patient relationship to have the greatest influence (81.7%), followed by controllable lifestyle (80%), while income 71% and prestige 63.2% were less influential factors for those career decisions.

Conclusion: It is essential to show medical students that anesthesiologists do interact with patients and increase their interaction with influential individuals in this field since they are capable of positively adjusting their viewpoints.
Geriatric Physiotherapeutic Approach for Intertrochanteric Fracture- A Case Report
Authors: Bagga Ishwin Kaur , Jawade Swapna , Chitale Neha
Published: December 2021

Hip fractures are a growing concern around the world as the geriatric population increases rapidly. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of proximal femoral nailing on elderly. Despite the fact that intertrochanteric fracture fixation is generally successful, treatment is difficult when fixation fails. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of an evidence-based protocol designed for the treatment of failed intertrochanteric fractures. When treating an unstable intertrochanteric fracture, there is a lesser risk of implant failure and reoperation, as well as a better postoperative functional recovery is seen. But in some rare cases some implant failures are major and requires a long-term treatment. Intertrochanteric femur fractures, particularly those with unstable patterns, are increasingly being treated with intramedullary implants. Despite the widespread use of nails in the treatment of these fractures, perspectives on the proper length of an intramedullary nail differ. Long nails were created to alleviate the risk of diaphyseal fracture that came with prior short nail designs. The main aim is to govern the unstable nail fixation of the intertrochanteric femoral fractures.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Chalcones Derived from Thiophene-2-Carbaldehyde
Authors: Shetty Chaithra R. , Dikshith L. , Dsouza Fathima Sible , Shahana Fathimath , Nooha Fatima
Published: December 2021

Chalcone is a simple chemical structure which is present in most of the naturally occurring substances. Many chalcone derivatives are synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. It is a subject of great research opportunity due to numerous biological activities and convenient synthesis of chalcones. This study aims on synthesizing different α, β unsaturated ketones (chalcones) containing thiophene from thiophene-2-carbaxldehyde and different substituted acetophenones, further evaluating antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds are characterized for their spectral study. From the antibacterial study it was observed that the compounds bearing electron withdrawing group, electron releasing group exhibited excellent to moderate antibacterial activity respectively. These results showed that chalcones incorporated with thiophene have better scopes for further development of the antimicrobial agents.
The Prescribing of Calamine Lotion in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A.
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of calamine lotion in a public hospital in Alkharj.

Methodology: This retrospective study included the electronic prescriptions of outpatients in a public hospital in Al-kharj and aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of calamine lotion. The collected data included the personal data of the patients, the number of calamine lotion prescriptions in different months, the duration of calamine lotion, the level of prescribers, and the prescribing’ departments.

Results: Most of the patients who used calamine lotion were male patients (62.12%) and most of them were less than 10 years old (72.73%). Most of the patients used calamine for 7 days (63.64%) and about15.15% of them used it for 5 days. All of the prescribers were residents (100.00%). Most of the calamine prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (98.48%).

Conclusion: Calamine lotion prescribing was uncommon in the outpatient setting in Al-kharj. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of prescribing of calamine lotion in other setting, and to explore the frequency of prescribing other alternative agents.
Budesonide Use in the Outpatient Department in a Public Hospital in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A.
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of budesonide nebulizer and budesonide nasal spray in a public hospital in Alkharj.

Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital in Alkharj city. The outpatient prescriptions were reviewed to describe the use of budesonide in the period between 01-01- 2018 and 31-06-2018.  The study included budesonide forms that are delivered directly to the respiratory system, so budesonide nebulizer and budesonide nasal spray were included in the study and other dosage forms were excluded.

Results: About 53.12% of the prescribed budesonide was in the form of nebulizer and 46.88% was in the form of nasal spray. Most of them were males (62.50%) and about 43.75% of them were less than 10 years. More than 53% of the prescriptions were written by residents and 40.62% were written by consultants. The most commonly prescribed department was pediatrics department (43.75%) followed by Ear-Nose-Throat (E.N.T) department (18.75%) and emergency (18.75%).

Conclusion: The present study showed that the use of budesonide was uncommon in the outpatient setting. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of prescribing other dosage forms of budesonide and to explore the frequency of prescribing other alternative agents.
The Prevalence of Liver Diseases among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: Statistics from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Majed , Bugis Bussma Ahmed , Bugis Alaa , Alharbi Nader , Alotaibi Saleh Mohammed , Alanzi Ziyad Hamdan , Almutairi Yazeed Yousef , Elamro Rakan Abdullah , Aloqayfi Fahad Abdulaziz , Alsalem Omar Abdulaziz
Published: December 2021

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin is an important protein produced by the liver, and deficiency in this protein will cause many liver diseases. A deficiency in this protein can cause congenital emphysema, characterized by damaged and stretched air sacs of the lungs. To our knowledge, limited studies have been performed on liver disease prevalence among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of existing clinical records and aimed at determining the prevalence and association of liver diseases among COPD patients from 2016 to 2020. A total of 1579 clinical records were collected. In this study we analyzed one hundred fifty-five records.

Results: Senior patients who were aged 65 or older represented most patients (61.29%). In addition, 81% of the selected COPD patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis, while only one patient was diagnosed with fibrosis. Senior COPD patients aged 65 years or older were more likely to be diagnosed clinically with any type of liver disease (61.75%) than those from younger age groups.

Conclusions: Screening and expression tests for patients showing liver and lung diseases are the procedures to determine whether symptoms are due to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. However, this is challenging in patients with COPD.
Level of Knowledge in Physical Therapy of Tunisian Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Hawani Aymen , Chikha Anis ben , Maaouia Ghazwa ben
Published: December 2021

Physical Therapy is a profession that helps to restore movement and function following an injury or illness. This study sought to identify the physical therapy knowledge of physical education teachers in Tunisia. This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on several physical education teachers in Tunisia. Participants were given the questionnaire through google forms, and they were all advised to fill it up. A predetermined selection criterion was used to select the participants. Out of 250 volunteers chosen for the study, only 152 questionnaires were selected for the final analysis. A self-administer questionnaire was developed, which includes two parts. Part I collects the demographical data, and part II contains the Knowledge of Physical Therapy. The consent form is attached with the questionnaire, and those who gave consent to use the data were included in the analysis. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. With the alpha set for significance at <0.05. Overall, it was identified that 84% of the physical education teachers have good knowledge about Physical Therapy services. This study concluded that a more significant proportion of the physical education teachers have a good understanding of physical therapy services provided to the sports personnel in Tunisia. They have good knowledge of physical therapy techniques and services provided, and they also have good knowledge of their role in on-field and off-field management.