bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GTPases of immunity associated proteins in the dinoflagellate Breviolum minutum are involved in the response to thermal stress and low light levels
Authors: Cantrell Brylen M. , Martin Sydney N. , Stiers Sara M. , Taylor Ariel N. , Poole Angela Z.
Published: August 2024

Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)ases of Immunity Associated Proteins (GIMAP) are small G proteins that in vertebrates, regulate immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. While previously thought to be limited to vertebrates and plants, this family of proteins was recently characterized in a diversity of dinoflagellates. However, information regarding the function of GIMAPs in dinoflagellates is lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study (conducted from March-November of 2022) was to assess the expression of GIMAPs in the cnidarian symbiont Breviolum minutum (formerly Symbiodinium minutum, referred to as Bm_GIMAPs) in response to low light (25 vs 8 μmol m−2 s−1 for 9 d), thermal stress (22 vs 28 °C for 48 h), and symbiotic state (cultured vs in hospite). These factors were selected due to their importance in the lifestyle of a photosynthetic symbiont and relevance to the ecologically important issue of coral bleaching. The results indicate Bm_GIMAP expression increased under both low light and elevated temperature, suggesting a role in the response to bleaching related stressors. Cultured B. minutum had lower baseline Bm_GIMAP expression than those in association with a cnidarian host, but a stronger response to thermal stress, suggesting their function is influenced by symbiosis. Lastly, further support for the responsiveness of GIMAPs to thermal stress was provided by a comparison with previously published RNA-seq data from cultured Symbiodiniaceae. Collectively, the results presented here represent the first functional investigation of GIMAPs in an ecologically important group of protists and provide a greater understanding of the molecular response of dinoflagellates to stressors related to bleaching.
The benefit of optimizing recanalization during mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke depends on preprocedural tissue-level collateralization
Authors: Wrona Paweł , Wróbel Dominik , Mizera Paweł , Jóźwik Joanna , Jakobschy Klaudia , Zdrojewska Kaja , Homa Tomasz , Sawczyńska Katarzyna , Popiela Tadeusz , Słowik Agnieszka , Turaj Wojciech
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 3 represents the optimal angiographic outcome following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although it is known to yield better outcomes than TICI 2b, the influence of preprocedural cerebral hemodynamics on the clinical advantage of TICI 3 over TICI 2b remains unexplored.

Methods

This single-center retrospective analysis involved patients with anterior circulation AIS who underwent successful recanalization during MT at the Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital, Krakow between January 2019 and July 2023. We assessed the benefit of achieving TICI 2c/3 over TICI 2b on the basis of preprocedural computed perfusion imaging results, primarily focusing on early infarct volume (EIV) and tissue-level collaterals indicated by hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR). Good functional outcome (GFO) was defined as a modified Rankin Score < 3 on day 90.

Results

The study comprised 612 patients, of whom 467 (76.3%) achieved TICI 2c/3. GFO was more frequent in the TICI 2c/3 group (54.5% vs 69.4%, p < 0.001). There was interaction between the recanalization status and both HIR (Pi = 0.042) and EIV (Pi = 0.012) in predicting GFO, with disproportionately higher impact of HIR and EIV in TICI 2b group. The benefit from TICI 2c/3 over TICI 2b was insignificant among patients with good collaterals, defined by HIR < 0.3 (odds ratio:1.36 [0.58–3.18], p = 0.483).

Conclusion

TICI 2c/3 improves patient functional outcomes compared to TICI 2b regardless of EIV. However, such angiographic improvement may be clinically futile in patients with good tissue-level collateralization. Our findings suggest that preprocedural HIR should be considered when optimization of recanalization is considered during MT.
Distinguishing glioblastoma progression from treatment-related changes using DTI directionality growth analysis
Authors: van den Elshout R. , Ariëns B. , Esmaeili M. , Akkurt B. , Mannil M. , Meijer F. J. A. , van der Kolk A. G. , Scheenen T. W. J. , Henssen D.
Published: August 2024

Background

It is difficult to distinguish between tumor progression (TP) and treatment-related abnormalities (TRA) in treated glioblastoma patients via conventional MRI, but this distinction is crucial for treatment decision making. Glioblastoma is known to exhibit an invasive growth pattern along white matter architecture and vasculature. This study quantified lesion development patterns in treated glioblastoma lesions and their relation to white matter microstructure to distinguish TP from TRA.

Materials and methods

Glioblastoma patients with confirmed TP or TRA with T1-weighted contrast-enhanced and DTI MR scans from two posttreatment follow-up timepoints were reviewed. The contrast-enhancing regions were segmented, and the regions were coregistered to the DTI data. Lesion increase vectors were categorized into two groups: parallel (0–20 degrees) and perpendicular (70–90 degrees) to white matter. FA-values were also extracted. To test for a statistically significant difference between the TP and TRA groups, a Mann‒Whitney U test was performed.

Results

Of 73 glioblastoma patients, fifteen were diagnosed with TRA, whereas 58 patients suffered TP. TP had a 25.8% (95% CI 24.1%-27.6%) increase in parallel lesions, and TRA had a 25.4% (95% CI 20.9%-29.9%) increase in parallel lesions. The perpendicular increase was 14.7% for TP (95% CI 13.0%-16.4%) and 18.0% (95% CI 13.5%-22.5%) for TRA. These results were not significantly different (p = 0.978). FA value for TP showed to be 0.248 (SD = 0.054) and for TRA it was 0.231 (SD = 0.075), showing no statistically significant difference (p = 0.121).

Conclusions

Based on our results, quantifying posttreatment contrast-enhancing lesion development directionality with DTI in glioblastoma patients does not appear to effectively distinguish between TP and TRA.
Enhancing metabolic efficiency via novel constitutive promoters to produce protocatechuic acid in Escherichia coli
Authors: Örn Oliver Englund , Hagman Arne , Ismail Mohamed , Leiva Eriksson Nélida , Hatti-Kaul Rajni
Published: August 2024

The antioxidant molecule protocatechuic acid (PCA) can also serve as a precursor for polymer building blocks. PCA can be produced in Escherichia coli overexpressing 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD), an enzyme that catalyses the transformation of 3-dehydroshikimate to PCA. Nevertheless, optimizing the expression rate of recombinant enzymes is a key factor in metabolic engineering when producing biobased chemicals. In this study, a degenerate synthetic promoter approach was investigated to improve further the production of PCA. By limited screening of a randomized promoter library made using pSEVA221 plasmid in E. coli, three novel synthetic constitutive promoters were selected that increased the PCA yield from glucose by 10–21% compared to the inducible T7-promoter. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the DSD gene, regulated by the synthetic promoters, had high expression during the exponential phase, albeit the gene expression level dropped 250-fold during stationary phase. Besides the increased product yield, the synthetic promoters avoided the need for a costly inducer for gene expression. Screening of the entire promoter library is likely to provide more positive hits. The study also shows that E. coli transformed with the DSD gene on either pSEVA221 or pCDFDuet plasmids exhibit background PCA levels (~ 0.04 g/L) in the absence of a transcriptional regulatory element.

Key points

• Degenerate synthetic promoters are remarkable tools to produce protocatechuic acid.

• The constitutive synthetic promoters did not affect the growth rate of the bacterial host.

• The use of constitutive synthetic promoters avoids the need for the costly inducer.
Assessing the Environmental Impacts, Condition and Sustainability of Mountain Biking Trails in an Urban National Park
Authors: Smith Isabella , Pickering Catherine Marina
Published: August 2024

Mountain biking is a popular recreational activity in natural areas, with thousands of formal trails designed, constructed and maintained by land managers. Increasingly, there are also rising numbers of informal trails created by riders. A challenge for land managers is identifying, assessing, and then mitigating environmental impacts created by trails, including in protected areas. Here we assessed mountain biking trails in a large, popular national park on the Gold Coast, Australia, addressing the currently limited research comparing the extent, environmental impacts, condition and sustainability of these trails. Impacts from the 31.4 km of formal and 33.7 km of informal trails through the forests in Nerang National Park (1659 ha) included soil erosion (16.48 m3) and loss of vegetation along and adjacent to the trails (90,955 m2). Formal trails were six times more popular and wider on average (1.1 m vs 0.7 m) than informal trails, but less incised than informal trails (4.6 cm deep vs 6.3 cm). Generalised Linear Models showed that Trail Grade, slope and alignment best-predicted trail condition, highlighting the importance of good trail design in minimising trail impacts. It is recommended most of the informal trails are closed and rehabilitated, as they were not well-designed, increase fragmentation and have environmental impacts, with some traversing ecologically sensitive areas. In addition, some formal trails need to be upgraded to deal with erosion and other impacts. More broadly, the increasing demand for mountain biking must be addressed, including exploring opportunities to promote areas outside of national parks while minimising environmental impacts and other challenges associated with the creation and use of informal mountain bike trails in protected areas.
Plume and wall temperature impact on the subsonic aft-body flow of a generic space launcher geometry
Authors: Kirchheck Daniel , Schumann Jan-Erik , Fertig Markus , Saile Dominik , Hannemann Volker , Eggers Thino , Gülhan Ali
Published: August 2024

Experimental and numerical simulation of launcher base flows are crucial for future launcher design. In experiments, exhaust plume simulation is often limited to cold or slightly heated gases. In numerical simulations, multi-species reactive flow is often neglected due to limited resources. The impact of these simplifications on the relevant flow features, compared to real flight scenarios, needs to be characterized in order to enhance the design process. Experimental and numerical investigations were carried out within the framework of the SFB/TRR 40 Collaborative Research Centre to study the impact of plume and wall temperature on the base flow of a generic small-scale launcher configuration. Wind tunnel tests were performed in the Hot Plume Testing Facility (HPTF) at DLR, Cologne, using subsonic ambient flow and pressurized air or hydrogen–oxygen combustion as exhaust gases. The tests were numerically rebuilt using the DLR TAU code employing a scale-resolved IDDES approach, including thermal coupling and detailed chemistry. The paper combines the experimental and numerical findings from the SFB/TRR 40 base flow studies and highlights the most prominent influences on the mean flow field, the pressure field, the dynamic wake flow motion, and the resulting aerodynamic forces on the nozzle. High-frequency pressure measurements, high-speed schlieren recordings, and time-resolved CFD results are evaluated using spectral and modal analysis of the one- and two-dimensional flow field data.
Examining the impact of solid organ transplantation on family planning: pre- and post-transplantation pregnancy evaluations for both women and men
Authors: Böhm Lea , Schirm Nina , Zimmermann Tanja , Meyer Nadia , von Versen-Höynck Frauke
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to collect and analyze information from pregnancies of organ transplanted women and partners of organ transplanted men. The goal was to enhance counseling regarding pregnancy planning and management and to enable more targeted monitoring to improve maternal and child health.

Methods

In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, women and men aged 18 to 45 who had undergone organ transplantation in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were surveyed about their pregnancies before and after transplantation by using a self-developed questionnaire.

Results

Even through transplanted women planned their pregnancies more carefully than before transplantation, they still experienced more pregnancy complications afterward. The live birth rate for pregnancies of partners of transplanted men, especially men who received a thoracic organ, was lower compared to before transplantation. Furthermore, this study showed that pregnancies of the partners of male transplant recipients occurred significantly less by spontaneous conception in comparison to pregnancies of transplanted women.

Conclusion

Pregnancies after organ transplantation are possible but associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Therefore, early counseling for transplanted women and men who wish to have children, along with extensive monitoring during pregnancy, is necessary.
Spatial arrangement, polarity, and posttranslational modifications of the microtubule system in the Drosophila eye
Authors: Kos Piotr , Baumann Otto
Published: August 2024

We have analyzed the organization of the microtubule system in photoreceptor cells and pigment cells within the adult Drosophila compound eye. Immunofluorescence localization of tubulin and of Short stop, a spectraplakin that has been reported to be involved in the anchorage of microtubule minus ends at the membrane, suggests the presence of non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers at the distal tip of the visual cells. Ultrastructural analyses confirm that microtubules emanate from membrane-associated plaques at the site of contact with cone cells and that all microtubules are aligned in distal–proximal direction within the photoreceptor cells. Determination of microtubule polarities demonstrated that about 95% of the microtubules in photoreceptor cells are oriented with their plus end in the direction of the synapse. Pigment cells in the eye contain only microtubules aligned in distal–proximal direction, with their plus end pointing towards the retinal floor. There, two populations of microtubules can be distinguished, single microtubules and bundled microtubules, the latter associated with actin filaments. Whereas microtubules in both photoreceptor cells and pigment cells are acetylated and mono/bi-glutamylated on α-tubulin, bundled microtubules in pigment cells are apparently also mono/bi-glutamylated on β-tubulin, providing the possibility of binding different microtubule-associated proteins.
The influence of vertebrate scavengers on leakage of nutrients from carcasses
Authors: Wenting Elke , Jansen Patrick A. , Burggraeve Simon , Delsman Devon F. , Siepel Henk , van Langevelde Frank
Published: August 2024

The decomposition of carcasses by scavengers and microbial decomposers is an important component of the biochemical cycle that can strongly alter the chemical composition of soils locally. Different scavenger guilds are assumed to have a different influence on the chemical elements that leak into the soil, although this assumption has not been empirically tested. Here, we experimentally determine how different guilds of vertebrate scavengers influence local nutrient dynamics. We performed a field experiment in which we systematically excluded different subsets of vertebrate scavengers from decomposing carcasses of fallow deer (Dama dama), and compared elemental concentrations in the soil beneath and in the vegetation next to the carcasses over time throughout the decomposition process. We used four exclusion treatments: excluding (1) no scavengers, thus allowing them all; (2) wild boar (Sus scrofa); (3) all mammals; and (4) all mammals and birds. We found that fluxes of several elements into the soil showed distinct peaks when all vertebrates were excluded. Especially, trace elements (Cu and Zn) seemed to be influenced by carcass decomposition. However, we found no differences in fluxes between partial exclusion treatments. Thus, vertebrate scavengers indeed reduce leakage of elements from carcasses into the soil, hence influencing local biochemical cycles, but did so independent of which vertebrate scavenger guild had access. Our results suggest that carcass-derived elements are dispersed over larger areas rather than locally leak into the soil when vertebrate scavengers dominate the decomposition process.
Sharp Sobolev inequalities on noncompact Riemannian manifolds with $$\textsf{Ric}\ge 0$$ via optimal transport theory
Authors: Kristály Alexandru
Published: August 2024

In their seminal work, Cordero-Erausquin, Nazaret and Villani (Adv Math 182(2):307-332, 2004) proved sharp Sobolev inequalities in Euclidean spaces via Optimal Transport, raising the question whether their approach is powerful enough to produce sharp Sobolev inequalities also on Riemannian manifolds. By using $$L^1$$

L
1

-optimal transport approach, the compact case has been successfully treated by Cavalletti and Mondino (Geom Topol 21:603-645, 2017), even on metric measure spaces verifying the synthetic lower Ricci curvature bound. In the present paper we affirmatively answer the above question for noncompact Riemannian manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature; namely, by using Optimal Transport theory with quadratic distance cost, sharp $$L^p$$

L
p

-Sobolev and $$L^p$$

L
p

-logarithmic Sobolev inequalities (both for $$p>1$$

p
>
1

and $$p=1$$

p
=
1

) are established, where the sharp constants contain the asymptotic volume ratio arising from precise asymptotic properties of the Talentian and Gaussian bubbles, respectively. As a byproduct, we give an alternative, elementary proof to the main result of do Carmo and Xia (Math 140:818-826, 2004) and subsequent results, concerning the quantitative volume non-collapsing estimates on Riemannian manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature that support Sobolev inequalities.
Development of MOF-derived Co3O4 microspheres composed of fiber stacks for simultaneous electrochemical detection of Pb2+ and Cu2+
Authors: Guo Jieli , Li Jin , Xing Xiujing , Xiong Wei , Li Hao
Published: August 2024

As an ideal transition metal oxide, Co3O4 is a P-type semiconductor with excellent electrical conductivity, non-toxicity and low cost. This work reports the successful construction of Co3O4 materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using a surfactant micelle template-solvothermal method. The modified electrodes are investigated for their ability to electrochemically detect Pb2+ and Cu2+ in aqueous environments. By adjusting the mass ratios of alkaline modifiers, the morphological microstructures of Co3O4-X exhibit a transition from distinctive microspheres composed of fiber stacks to rods. The results indicate that Co3O4-1(NH4F/CO(NH2)2 = 1:0) has a distinctive microsphere structure composed of stacked fibers, unlike the other two materials. Co3O4-1/GCE is used as the active material of the modified electrode, it shows the largest peak response currents to Pb2+ and Cu2+, and efficiently detects Pb2+ and Cu2+ in the aqueous environment individually and simultaneously. The linear response range of Co3O4-1/GCE for the simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cu2+ is 0.5–1.5 μM, with the limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) are 9.77 nM and 14.97 nM, respectively. The material exhibits a favorable electrochemical response, via a distinctive Co3O4-1 microsphere structure composed of stacked fibers. This structure enhances the number of active adsorption sites on the material, thereby facilitating the adsorption of heavy metal ions (HMIs). The presence of oxygen vacancies (OV) can also facilitate the adsorption of ions. The Co3O4-1/GCE electrode also exhibits excellent anti-interference ability, stability, and repeatability. This is of great practical significance for detecting Pb2+ and Cu2+ in real water samples and provides a new approach for developing high-performance metal oxide electrochemical sensors derived from MOFs.

Graphical abstract
The akinetic crisis in Parkinson´s disease- the upper end of a spectrum of subacute akinetic states
Authors: Pötter-Nerger Monika , Schrader Christoph , Jost Wolfgang H. , Höglinger Günter
Published: August 2024

The akinetic crisis is defined as an acute, potentially life-threatening, levodopa-resistant, severe aggravation of rigidity, severe akinesia, associated with high fever, disturbance of consciousness, dysphagia and autonomic symptoms often due to disruption of dopaminergic medication or infections. The akinetic crisis is a relatively rare event, however subacute mild-moderate motor symptom deterioration in Parkinson´s disease (PD) patients is a frequent cause of hospitalization. In this review, we propose that the akinetic crisis is the upper end of a continuous spectrum of acute akinetic states depending on the degree of the progressive levodopa-resistance. Clinical symptomatology, risk factors, and instrumental diagnostics as the DAT-SPECT reflecting a biomarker of levodopa-resistance will be discussed to evaluate the spectrum of akinetic states. Pathophysiological considerations about the potential role of proinflammatory cytokines on the progressive levodopa-resistance will be discussed and therapeutical, consensus-based guidelines will be presented.
Depression, higher level of tension induction, and impaired coping strategies in response to stress in women with PCOS correlate with clinical and laboratory indices of hyperandrogenism and not with central obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Dutkiewicz Edyta , Rachoń Dominik , Dziedziak Miłosz , Kowalewska Agnieszka , Moryś Joanna
Published: August 2024

PCOS is characterized by ovarian hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR), which give rise to symptoms of hyperandrogenism and central obesity, which in turn may cause depression, lower self-esteem, and deteriorate coping strategies in stressful situations.

The purpose

to examine the mental condition, self-esteem, and ways of coping with stress in women with PCOS compared to age and BMI-matched healthy controls and to correlate them with clinical and laboratory hyperandrogenism, central obesity, and IR.

Methods

42 women with PCOS and 39 controls were assessed for the above-mentioned psychological measures and correlated with serum hormonal and metabolic parameters.

Results

Compared to controls, women with PCOS had more symptoms of depression (p = 0.026), a higher level of tension induction (p = 0.032), were more prone to alcohol consumption (p = 0.015), and were less likely to use the strategy of active coping in stressful situations (p = 0.014) and to seek instrumental (p = 0.048) and emotional support (p = 0.043). The presence of hirsutism correlated negatively with the level of emotional induction (R = -0.32, p < 0.05), and androgenic alopecia positively with the hedonistic tone (R = 0.36, p < 0.05). Serum testosterone (TST) correlated positively with the likelihood of seeking instrumental support in stressful situations (R = 0.31, p < 0.05) and with emotional focus (R = 0.34, p < 0.05). Serum androstenedione (A4-dione) correlated negatively with the escape behavior (R = -0.32, p < 0.05). No correlations were found between waist circumference and IR with the studied psychological measures.

Conclusions

Women with PCOS are characterized by depression, higher levels of tension induction, and impaired coping strategies in stressful situations, which correlate with clinical and laboratory indices of hyperandrogenism and not with central obesity and IR.
Neuroretinal and microvascular retinal features in dementia with Lewy body assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Albanese Giuseppe Maria , Gharbiya Magda , Visioli Giacomo , Panigutti Massimiliano , Margarella Andrea , Romano Enrico , Mastrogiuseppe Elvia , Sepe-Monti Micaela , Bruno Giuseppe , D’Antonio Fabrizia
Published: August 2024

Objective

To explore retinal changes in patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) using Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), aiming to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring.

Methods

A cross-sectional study analyzed 15 DLB patients and 18 matched controls. Participants underwent physical, neurological, neuropsychological, and ophthalmological evaluations, including SD-OCT and OCTA. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and inter-eye correlation, was employed to identify retinal alterations in patients affected by DLB.

Results

OCTA revealed that DLB is associated with reduced superficial and deep vessel densities (SVD and DVD) in the macula (p < 0.01), as well as decreased peripapillary vessel density (ppVD, p < 0.01). SD-OCT parameters showed correlations with DLB, including reduced central macular thickness (CMT, p < 0.001) and thinning of the ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL, p < 0.01). Logistic regression (R²=0.26) identified reduced ppVD as a significant predictor of DLB (p = 0.030).

Conclusions

Impairments in retinal capillaries, especially lower ppVD, might mirror cerebral hypoperfusion in DLB, potentially due to reduced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels and increased α-synuclein. Further investigations are warranted to confirm the causal relationship between these observations, disease severity, and progression, as well as their potential role as biomarkers for DLB.
The differential illusion memory for high-associated abstract concepts (DIM-HA) effect
Authors: Marín-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Díez Villoria Emiliano , González Martín Ana María
Published: August 2024

A vast body of evidence has shown that concrete concepts are processed faster and more accurately than abstract concepts in a variety of cognitive tasks. This phenomenon is widely known as the concreteness effect, and explanations for its occurrence seem to reflect differences in processing and organization for both types of representations. While there is considerable evidence to support this concreteness effect, the nature of these differences is still controversial. In developing an explanation, we have proposed a relatively different approach from a false memory perspective using the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm. To explore the implications of the association in creating false memories, we explore behavioral and electrophysiologically the false memory effect, where targets were manipulated according to their association strength and their concreteness. Results showed that false recognition rates differed significantly between concrete and abstract critical words when they were associated strongly with their respective lists, which led to a higher proportion of abstract false alarms both in behavioral and electrophysiological experiments. The principal outcome, which was called the DIM-HA effect, was discussed in terms of theories of associative activation and qualitatively different representation.
Morphology and taphonomy of the gastropod Terebralia palustris from an iron age site in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Müller García Inés de la Fortuna , Nebelsick James H.
Published: August 2024

The Indo-Pacific gastropod Terebralia palustris is particularly suitable for comparing natural and anthropogenic induced taphonomic pathways due to its wide geographic distribution and common presence within archeological context. The present study aims to (1) correlate shell architecture and morphology with fragmentation pattern and preservation, (2) quantify taphonomic changes to differentiate between natural vs. anthropogenic preservation features, (3) provide a guideline for analyzing fragmented shell remains in archeological material. Shells and taphonomic features were studied from both recent mangrove environments from the Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates as well as archeological material within the Iron age II site (1000–600 BC) of Muweilah near the City of Sharjah. Techniques utilized include morphometry, thin sectioning, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of recent specimens and a semi—quantitative taphonomic analysis of anthropogenic material. Thin sectioning shows a complex internal shell morphology with a tripartite subdivision of shell layers. The recent material shows better preserved features on both the exterior and internal shell surfaces than the highly fragmented material recovered from the archeological context, which shows a distinct size distribution as well as showing higher levels of surface abrasion, surface cracks and color alterations. These features are correlated to extraction techniques, cooking methods and waste disposal handling.
Artificial intelligence for literature reviews: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Bolaños Francisco , Salatino Angelo , Osborne Francesco , Motta Enrico
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs). A SLR is a rigorous and organised methodology that assesses and integrates prior research on a given topic. Numerous tools have been developed to assist and partially automate the SLR process. The increasing role of AI in this field shows great potential in providing more effective support for researchers, moving towards the semi-automatic creation of literature reviews. Our study focuses on how AI techniques are applied in the semi-automation of SLRs, specifically in the screening and extraction phases. We examine 21 leading SLR tools using a framework that combines 23 traditional features with 11 AI features. We also analyse 11 recent tools that leverage large language models for searching the literature and assisting academic writing. Finally, the paper discusses current trends in the field, outlines key research challenges, and suggests directions for future research. We highlight three primary research challenges: integrating advanced AI solutions, such as large language models and knowledge graphs, improving usability, and developing a standardised evaluation framework. We also propose best practices to ensure more robust evaluations in terms of performance, usability, and transparency. Overall, this review offers a detailed overview of AI-enhanced SLR tools for researchers and practitioners, providing a foundation for the development of next-generation AI solutions in this field.
Multi-source ensemble method with random source selection for virtual metrology
Authors: Zhang Gejia , Wang Tianhui , Baek Jaeseung , Jeong Myong-Kee , Seo Seongho , Choi Jaekyung
Published: August 2024

In the era of Industry 4.0, the complexity of semiconductor production is growing very fast, raising the possibility of unnoticed defective wafers and subsequent wasteful use of resources. One of the key advantages of Industry 4.0 is the accessibility to big data, which can be obtained from a number of sensors, including multiple sensor data and extensive data repositories. Recently, engineers have developed data fusion strategies for virtual metrology (VM) prediction models to effectively handle data from multiple sources. This research explores a novel approach for data-driven VM prediction model for multi-source data, namely multi-source ensemble method with random source selection. By utilizing the bagging principle for multi-source data and tree-based prediction paradigms, the proposed approach randomly selects subsets of data sources to construct each tree learner, thus reducing interdependence among the trees and minimizing the risk of overfitting, which can be a challenge faced by existing tree-based prediction models. To validate and illustrate the practical applicability of our proposed method, we use real-world data from the plasma etching process, aiming to provide potential benefits and effectiveness of our methodology.
Symphony of Success: Leader-Practitioner Reciprocity during Evidence-Based Practice Implementation
Authors: Egeland Karina Myhren , Sklar Marisa , Aarons Gregory A. , Ehrhart Mark G. , Skar Ane-Marthe Solheim , Borge Randi Hovden
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to explore the reciprocal relationships between implementation leadership and practitioner implementation citizenship behavior during the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). Data were collected at two timepoints with a time lag of six months during a national implementation of evidence-based treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in Norwegian mental health clinics. Data from 72 leaders and 346 practitioners were analyzed with a two-wave cross-lagged panel model, accounting for the nested structure and adjusting for demographic variables. Significant positive autoregressive effects for both implementation leadership and implementation citizenship behavior indicated some stability in ratings across time. Significant cross-lagged effects in both directions indicated that practitioners who experienced greater implementation leadership from their leaders demonstrated greater implementation citizenship behavior six months later, and vice versa. Findings hence supported both the social exchange hypothesis and the followership hypothesis, suggesting reciprocal associations between the constructs. The findings underscore the mutually influential relationship between leaders’ behavior and practitioners’ engagement in citizenship behavior during EBP implementation. The study emphasizes the importance of interventions focusing on leadership behaviors that encourage practitioner engagement and mutually beneficial behavior patterns, highlighting the reciprocal and vital roles that both leaders and practitioners play in successful EBP implementation.
Metabolic Monitoring for Adults Living with a Serious Mental Illness on a Second-Generation Antipsychotic Agent: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bui Tien Ngoc Thi , Au Ruby Tszwai , Janetzki Jack Luke , McMillan Sara S. , Hotham Elizabeth , Suppiah Vijayaprakash
Published: August 2024

Premature mortality in people living with a severe mental illness (SMI) is often attributed to multiple factors including the use of medicines such as antipsychotics. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are known to cause metabolic syndrome which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Practice guidelines have recommended regular physical health monitoring, particularly of metabolic parameters, however, metabolic monitoring for people living with SMI using antipsychotics remains suboptimal. Therefore, highlighting the need for ongoing research. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of current metabolic monitoring practices. We anticipate that this information will assist clinicians and policymakers and inform future research. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews (Wiley), APA PsycInfo (Ovid) and Scopus (Elsevier Science Publishers). The target group was adults (aged ≥ 18) diagnosed with SMI (including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and psychotic disorders) and taking SGAs. In total, 44 studies from 14 countries were retrieved. Our findings highlighted that most studies conducted in hospitals did not report on metabolic monitoring practices. Additionally, the roles and responsibilities of healthcare professionals in metabolic monitoring for SMI were infrequently described and parameters such as waist circumference and BMI were often poorly monitored. The scoping review highlights that no streamlined approach towards metabolic monitoring currently exists. There is a need to stipulate and define the roles and responsibilities of all health professionals involved in metabolic monitoring in SMI to optimise care for these individuals. Moreover, there is a need for ongoing research, particularly in the community setting, to promote increased accessibility to metabolic monitoring for SMI.
Kynurenic acid protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating apoptosis in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gáspár Renáta , Nógrádi-Halmi Dóra , Demján Virág , Diószegi Petra , Igaz Nóra , Vincze Anna , Pipicz Márton , Kiricsi Mónika , Vécsei László , Csont Tamás
Published: August 2024

Acute myocardial infarction, often associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although the endogenous tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) has been shown to exert protection against I/R injury, its mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular level is not well understood yet. Therefore, we examined the potential involvement of antiapoptotic mechanisms, as well as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulation in the protective effect of KYNA in cardiac cells exposed to simulated I/R (SI/R). KYNA was shown to attenuate cell death induced by SI/R dose-dependently in H9c2 cells or primary rat cardiomyocytes. Analysis of morphological and molecular markers of apoptosis (i.e., membrane blebbing, apoptotic nuclear morphology, DNA double-strand breaks, activation of caspases) revealed considerably increased apoptotic activity in cardiac cells undergoing SI/R. The investigated apoptotic markers were substantially improved by treatment with the cytoprotective dose of KYNA. Although cardiac cells were shown to express NMDA receptors, another NMDA antagonist structurally different from KYNA was unable to protect against SI/R-induced cell death. Our findings provide evidence that the protective effect of KYNA against SI/R-induced cardiac cell injury involves antiapoptotic mechanisms, that seem to evoke independently of NMDA receptor signaling.
Scientific knowledge of the Cinnamon River prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus and future perspectives for aquaculture
Authors: Hernández Hernández Luis Héctor , Powell Madison S. , Gómez Susana Alejandra Frías , Jacinto Edilmar Cortes , Villasante Fernando Vega
Published: August 2024

The cinnamon river shrimp (Macrobrachium acanthurus) is distributed along the Atlantic Ocean, from the United States to Brazil. This species represents important resources for local communities of fishermen, but natural populations are facing a progressive decline. For several years, the aquaculture supplementation of this species has been suggested as an alternative to fisheries. M. acanthurus presents several characteristics that make it a suitable species for aquaculture, such as resistance to changes in environmental conditions, reproduction all year round, high fecundity, low aggressivity, and disease resistance. Despite this, the development of culture is, at best, at the stage of research and has been related to the difficulty of the larval stage rearing. Considering this, the review presents the actual knowledge regarding the environmental and biological conditions of M. acanthurus that might help to advance its culture. The information is presented in several parts, which include the species description, environmental conditions, reproduction, larvae and juvenile stages, culture experience, and diseases. Finally, some considerations are given to cover the gaps in the knowledge that are required to be researched.
Evaluation of follow-up colposcopy procedures after abnormal cervical screening result across a statewide study in Mississippi
Authors: Reaves Sydney , Hall Katherine C. , Stewart Mary W. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Ferrell Christina , Risley Carolann , Wells Jimmie , Rives Rhonda , Bobo Fajada , Daniels Jon , Farrington Kathy , Morgan Jody C. , Clarke Megan A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Cervical screening is used to detect and treat precancers to prevent invasive cancers. However, successful prevention also requires adequate follow-up and treatment of individuals with abnormal screening results. The aim was to investigate demographics, clinical characteristics, and follow-up status for individuals needing colposcopy after an abnormal screening result.

Methods

The STRIDES (Studying Risk to Improve DisparitiES) cohort comprises individuals undergoing cervical cancer screening and management at a Mississippi Health Department or University of Mississippi clinic. Follow-up status, demographics, and clinical data were assessed from electronic health records and, if necessary, patient navigation on individuals identified as needing a colposcopy after an abnormal screening.

Results

Of the 1,458 individuals requiring colposcopy, 43.0% had the procedure within 4 months, 16.4% had a delayed procedure, and 39.5% had no documented colposcopy follow-up, with significant predictors of follow-up identified as age and cytology diagnosis. Individuals 30 + were more likely to have follow up with a colposcopy compared to individuals < 30 years (49% and 38.7%, respectively; p < .001). Individuals with cytology diagnoses of LSIL (52.9%), ASC-H (51.4%), and HSIL (62.3%) had higher percentages of adherence to follow-up guidelines (p < .001). In total, we found that 78% of individuals had some type of follow-up, including a repeat screening visit.

Conclusion

Despite high cervical cancer screening rates among Mississippians, a substantial proportion did not have adequate next-step intervention. However, it is encouraging that highest risk individuals were more likely to have a colposcopy. Regardless, continuing to understand the underlying causes for incomplete follow-up is crucial for timely secondary targeted interventions to reduce cervical cancer burden, promote awareness, and improve health outcomes.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2)—an underappreciated partaker in cancer and metastasis
Authors: Wojtukiewicz Marek Z. , Mysliwiec Marta , Tokajuk Anna , Kruszewska Joanna , Politynska Barbara , Jamroze Anmbreen , Wojtukiewicz Anna M. , Tang Dean G. , Honn Kenneth V.
Published: August 2024

The coagulation system is known to play an important role in cancer development and metastasis, but the precise mechanisms by which it does so remain incompletely understood. With this in mind, we provide an updated overview of the effects of TFPI-2, a protease inhibitor, on cancer development and metastasis. TFPI-2 interacts with the thrombin cascade and also employs other mechanisms to suppress cancer growth and dissemination, which include extracellular matrix stabilization, promotion of caspase-mediated cell apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and transduction of intracellular signals. Down-regulation of TFPI-2 expression is well documented in numerous types of neoplasms, mainly via promoter methylation. However, the exact role of TFPI-2 in cancer progression and possible approaches to up-regulate TFPI-2 expression warrant further studies. Strategies to reactivate TFPI-2 may represent a promising direction for future anticancer studies and therapy development.
Online CBT Versus Standard CBT for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Weidle Bernhard , Babiano-Espinosa Lucía , Skokauskas Norbert , Wolters Lidewij H. , Henriksen Marit , Arntzen Jostein , Skare Anne , Ivarsson Tord , Groff Tricia , Skarphedinsson Gudmundur
Published: August 2024

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions, affects 1–3% of the childhood population, often leading to severe impairment and reduced quality of life. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well-documented as first choice treatment for pediatric OCD. Traditionally delivered face-to-face CBT has limitations in terms of accessibility, availability, and quality of delivery. Online CBT using video conferencing (online-CBT) at home aims to address some of these barriers. In this pilot study, we aimed to compare acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of online CBT against face-to-face CBT. Online CBT outcomes of 29 children with OCD were analyzed benchmarked against outcomes of face-to-face CBT (n = 269) from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study, the largest CBT follow up study in pediatric OCD to date. Acceptability rated by online CBT participants and their parents was very high (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire total scores about 30, range 8–32). Feasibility assessed as dropout rate was comparable to NordLOTS (10.3% versus 9.7%). The online CBT group compared to NordLOTS showed a higher response rate (90% versus 60%; p = .002) and remission rate (81% versus 53%; p = .231). Our results suggest that the trusting therapeutic relationship necessary for demanding exposure-based treatment can be established by online CBT. Online CBT seems to be at least as effective in reducing OCD symptoms than standard CBT. Trial ID: ISRCTN37530113.
The AIR and Apt-AIR Frameworks of Epistemic Performance and Growth: Reflections on Educational Theory Development
Authors: Barzilai Sarit , Chinn Clark A.
Published: August 2024

The nurturing of learners’ ways of knowing is vital for supporting their intellectual growth and their participation in democratic knowledge societies. This paper traces the development of two interrelated theoretical frameworks that describe the nature of learners’ epistemic thinking and performance and how education can support epistemic growth: the AIR and Apt-AIR frameworks. After briefly reviewing these frameworks, we discuss seven reflections on educational theory development that stem from our experiences working on the frameworks. First, we describe how our frameworks were motivated by the goal of addressing meaningful educational challenges. Subsequently, we explain why and how we infused philosophical insights into our frameworks, and we also discuss the steps we took to increase the coherence of the frameworks with ideas from other educational psychology theories. Next, we reflect on the important role of the design of instruction and learning environments in testing and elaborating the frameworks. Equally important, we describe how our frameworks have been supported by empirical evidence and have provided an organizing structure for understanding epistemic performance exhibited in studies across diverse contexts. Finally, we discuss how the development of the frameworks has been spurred by dialogue within the research community and by the need to address emerging and pressing real-world challenges. To conclude, we highlight several important directions for future research. A common thread running through our work is the commitment to creating robust and dynamic theoretical frameworks that support the growth of learners’ epistemic performance in diverse educational contexts.