bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Aspects and Depression in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Moschos Marilita , Chatzirallis Alexandras , Chatziralli Irini
Published: March 2015

Purpose

To assess the psychological impact and the potential relationship between depression and visual impairment in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods

Our study included 34 patients with RP and 35 age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated funduscopy, and they completed the Zung Depression Inventory questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Questionnaires were rated according to specific guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in PHQ-9 score and Zung score between patients with RP and controls. The BCVA differed significantly between the 2 groups as well. Older subjects presented significantly higher Zung score and PHQ-9 score, as well as worse BCVA in both eyes. Sex did not show any significant correlation as far as Zung score, PHQ-9 score, or BCVA. Zung score was correlated positively with PHQ-9 score, while both Zung and PHQ-9 score were positively correlated with BCVA.

Conclusions

Patients with RP seem to present mild to moderate depressive symptoms in comparison with healthy control subjects without visual impairment. These symptoms were found to be correlated with BCVA and age, suggesting that visual loss and older age in patients with RP could be predictive factors of their emotional status. Therefore, there is need for close monitoring and supportive management of this population, so as to detect depression and to treat it promptly.
Presumed Bilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis 11 Years Apart, Atypical Presentation, and Early Vitrectomy
Authors: Navarro-Navarro Aida , Martinez-Toldos Jose J. , Tarazona-Jaimes Claudia P. , Fernandez-Martinez Cristian , Baeza-Diaz Manuel V.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

To report a case of presumed bilateral acute retinal necrosis with delayed onset caused by herpes simplex virus type 2, medical treatment, and surgical approach.

Methods

Retrospective, interventional case described in a 51-year-old patient who complained of unilateral blurred vision with history of nonoperated retinal detachment in his fellow eye after posterior uveitis 11 years earlier.

Results

Ocular examination suggested diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis involving the posterior pole and sparing periphery. The causative agent was demonstrated using polymerase chain reaction analysis of the aqueous humor. Intensive medical treatment with intravenous acyclovir, intravitreous foscarnet, and corticosteroids was administered, slowing down but not stopping progression of the disease. Due to the monocular status of the patient and high probability of secondary retinal detachment, early vitrectomy was indicated.

Conclusions

Rapid and aggressive medical treatment is necessary in this condition. Bilateral involvement often occurs within weeks, but can also happen more rarely after several months or years, requiring long-term follow-up. Early surgical treatment is controversial but it is an option to be considered in certain cases.
Does Conventional Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Trigger Timing Produce Optimal Hemodynamic Effects in vivo?
Authors: Kolyva Christina , Pantalos George M. , Pepper John R. , Khir Ashraf W.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) provides circulatory support through counterpulsation. The hemodynamic effects of the IABP may vary with assisting frequency and depend on IAB inflation/deflation timing. We aimed to assess in vivo the IABP benefits on coronary, aortic, and left ventricular hemodynamics at different assistance frequencies and trigger timings.

Methods

Six healthy, anesthetized, open-chest sheep received IABP support at 5 timing modes (EC, LC, CC, CE, CL, corresponding to early/late/conventional/conventional/conventional inflation and conventional/conventional/conventional/early/late deflation, respectively) with frequency 1:3 and 1:1. Aortic (Qao) and coronary (Qcor) flow, and aortic (Pao) and left ventricular (PLV) pressure were recorded simultaneously, with and without IABP support. Integrating systolic Qao yielded stroke volume (SV).

Results

EC at 1:1 produced the lowest end-diastolic Pao (59.5 ± 7.8 mmHg [EC], 63.4 ± 11.1 mmHg [CC]), CC at 1:1 the lowest systolic PLV (69.1 ± 6.5 mmHg [CC], 76.4 ± 6.5 mmHg [control]), CC at 1:1 the highest SV (88.5 ± 34.4 ml [CC], 76.6 ± 31.9 ml [control]) and CC at 1:3 the highest diastolic Qcor (187.2 ± 25.0 ml/min [CC], 149.9 ± 16.6 ml/min [control]). Diastolic Pao augmentation was enhanced by both assistance frequencies alike, and optimal timings were EC for 1:3 (10.4 ± 2.8 mmHg [EC], 6.7 ± 3.8 mmHg [CC]) and CC for 1:1 (10.8 ± 6.7 mmHg [CC], −3.0 ± 3.8 mmHg [control]).

Conclusions

In our experiments, neither a single frequency nor a single inflation/deflation timing, including conventional IAB timing, has shown superiority by uniformly benefiting all studied hemodynamic parameters. A choice of optimal frequency and IAB timing might need to be made based on individual patient hemodynamic needs rather than as a generalized protocol.
Construction of a Biocompatible Decellularized Porcine Hepatic Lobe for Liver Bioengineering
Authors: Hussein Kamal H. , Park Kyung M. , Kim Hyun M. , Teotia Pankaj K. , Ghim Jinn H. , Woo Heung M.
Published: March 2015

Objective

One of the major obstacles in applying decellularized organs for clinical use is the recellularization step, during which huge numbers of cells are required to develop whole livers. We established a simple protocol for constructing a bioartificial hepatic lobe and investigated its biocompatibility.

Methods

The right lateral lobe of porcine liver was decellularized using 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate through the right branch of the portal vein. Decellularized lobes were evaluated by histological and biochemical analyses. DNA content was quantified to validate the decellularization protocol. The presence of immunogenic and pathogenic antigens was checked to exclude potential rejection and thrombosis after xenotransplantation. Xeno-reactivity of decellularized tissue against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was examined. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against hepatocarcinoma cells. Finally, scaffolds were incubated in collagenase for biodegradation testing.

Results

The decellularized lobe preserved the three-dimensional architecture, ultrastructure, extracellular matrix components, and vasculature. Scaffolds were almost depleted of DNA in addition to antigenic and pathogenic antigens, which are considered barriers to xenotransplantation. The human immune response against scaffolds was considered non-significant. Our matrices were biocompatible and biodegradable.

Conclusions

We successfully developed a non-cytotoxic, non-immunogenic, and biodegradable porcine hepatic lobe for future liver regeneration and bioengineering.
Cost-Effective Organization of an Institutional Human Cancer Biobank in a Clinical Setting: CRO-Biobank Experience Toward Harmonization
Authors: Cervo Silvia , De Paoli Paolo , Perin Tiziana , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Steffan Agostino
Published: March 2015

This report describes the organization of the Biobank of the CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (CRO- Biobank), Italy, implemented as a structured facility dedicated to collecting human biological samples. It describes a particular disease-specific biobank and the integration of a research biobank in a clinical setting. The CRO-Biobank's mission is rooted in supporting and implementing cancer research, with its main focus on optimizing technical and quality processes, while also investigating ethical, legal and IT topics.

The CRO-Biobank has implemented processes aimed at guaranteeing the safety of the providers, protecting patient privacy and ensuring both the traceability and quality of its samples. Our 8 years of experience allow us to offer insights and useful suggestions that may solve theoretical and practical issues that can arise when starting up new biobanks or developing existing biobanks further.
Secondary Breast Angiosarcoma and Paclitaxel-dependent Prolonged Disease Control: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gambini Donatella , Visintin Roberto , Locatelli Elisa , Bareggi Claudia , Galassi Barbara , Runza Letterio , Blundo Concerta , Sosnovskikh Irina , Tomirotti Maurizio
Published: March 2015

Secondary breast angiosarcomas are a well-known entity generally characterized by a poor outcome, especially in patients with advanced disease. Among the drugs with demonstrated activity, taxane derivatives are one of the most effective histology-driven treatments against angiosarcomas. We report two cases of secondary breast angiosarcoma, both characterized by a very peculiar behavior towards paclitaxel. Both patients showed local recurrence of angiosarcoma after primary surgery, and they achieved complete remission following treatment with weekly paclitaxel. When a locoregional recurrence was observed as a result of a brief treatment interruption or a treatment delay, a new complete remission was rapidly achieved with the resumption of the drug, without evidence of any significant adverse effects.
Maoism:
Authors: Kang Liu
Published: March 2015

Mao Zedong's legacy has an enduring global impact, as both a political foundation for the Chinese revolution and an ideology of revolution. This paper offers a brief account of Maoism as a knowledge and a theory of (alternative) modernity, and questions the contradictory and problematic nature of Maoism within the context of globalization. Meanwhile, I wish to point out some conditions of possibility embedded in such a genealogy of knowledge, which may open up some new conceptual and theoretical space for thinking about and rethinking globalization.
Revolution and Event:
Authors: Weng Leihua
Published: March 2015

Alain Badiou refers to his translation of Plato's Republic as a “hypertranslation.” In Plato's Republic: A Dialogue in 16 Chapters (2012), Badiou contemporizes Plato's Republic, and reinvents Socrates into a Maoist philosopher who constantly quotes Mao. This paper conducts a textual analysis of Badiou's references to Mao and Maoist Revolution and discusses these quotations as part of his philosophical speculation. Badiou's deployment of Mao reveals his post-structuralist understanding of revolution, echoing Lacan's notion of the forever-negating “void” and Foucault's “thinking from the outside.” By contemporizing Plato's Republic with a Maoist Socrates, Badiou claims that the essence and relevancy of Mao's Revolution lies in its consistent defiance of any institutional stabilization, and in its incessant drive for social, political, and spiritual renewal.
Children's Literature During China's Cultural Revolution:
Authors: Sheng Anfeng
Published: March 2015

Children's literature in China during the Cultural Revolution period has never been adequately explored since the end of the movement. Contrary to the assumption that the government at that time neglected children's literature, they paid much more attention in order to bring up worthy successors to the “socialist revolutionary cause.” But of course, this “attention” was always tightly controlled and stiflingly suppressed rather than relaxed and encouraging. In this article, the author first traces the political pressure and intervention during the time of the “seventeen-year literature,” which spans from the founding of the new republic to the eve of the Cultural Revolution. The author then will describe the unprecedented disasters inflicted by the extreme policies and guidelines during the Cultural Revolution on the cultural fields, and on children's literature especially. With concrete examples and textual analyses, the author will point out the major features of children's literature during that time. Politically, children's literature had to firmly keep in mind the “class struggle,” follow the numerous guidelines, and write for “the masses,” for politics, and for “the proletariat revolutionary cause.” Thus instead of promoting knowledge acculturation and science education, children's literature was deprived of interest and delight, descending to a stereotyped, dry and dull, and repetitive megaphone of politics or brainwashing instrument. The ironic phenomena of collective authorship and the concept of individual heroism in children's literature during that time will also be analyzed in this article. In conclusion, the author wants to point out that the long-fettered mind could not be easily liberated and that it takes more than one generation to recover from a nation's cultural and spiritual catastrophe.
VTE risk assessment in cancer
Authors: Pabinger I. , Ay C.
Published: March 2015

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, and its prevention is of major clinical importance. However, the VTE rates in the cancer population vary between 0.5–20 %, depending on cancer-, treatment- and patient-related factors. The most important contributors to VTE risk are the tumour entity, stage and certain anticancer treatments. Cancer surgery represents a strong risk factor for VTE, and medical oncology patients are at increased risk of developing VTE, especially when receiving chemotherapy or immunomodulatory drugs. Also biomarkers have been investigated for their usefulness to predict risk of VTE (e.g. elevated leucocyte and platelet counts, soluble P-selectin, D-dimer, etc.). In order to identify cancer patients at high risk of VTE and to improve risk stratification, risk assessment models have been developed, which contain both clinical parameters and biomarkers. While primary thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular- weight-heparin (LMWH) is recommended postoperatively for a period of up to 4 weeks after major cancer surgery, the evidence is less clear for medical oncology patients. Thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical oncology patients is advocated, and is based on results of randomized controlled trials which evaluated the efficacy and safety of LMWH for prevention of VTE in hospitalized medically ill patients. In recent trials the benefit of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the ambulatory setting has been investigated. However, at the present stage primary thromboprophylaxis for prevention of VTE in these patients is still a matter of debate and cannot be recommended for all cancer outpatients.
Etnomatemáticas en artesanías de trenzado y concepciones sobre las matemáticas en la formación docente
Authors: Albanese Veronica
Published: March 2015

Relatamos una investigación doctoral en etnomatemática, presentada como reagrupación de publicaciones,que gira alrededor de dos focos de interés: uno antropológico, relacionado con las matemáticasy formas de pensar matemáticamente que entran en juego en la labor artesanal del trenzado, y otro educativo, respecto a las concepciones que se evidencian en la formación docente (inicial o permanente) sobre la naturaleza de las matemáticas. Un recorrido histórico sobre el surgimiento de la etnomatemática nos indica el relativismo cultural como base filosófica de este programa de investigación y aportamos nuestra propia identificación de dos posturas en las indagaciones etnomatemáticas. Después revisamos diversas maneras de relacionar la etnomatemática con la educación para argumentar nuestro planteamiento al respecto.
Recorregut de recerca geològica per les comarques de l´Alt Millars i de Gúdar - Javalambre: des del Castillo de Villamalefa a Zucaina, Villahermosa del Río a Puertomingalvo i a Mosqueruela
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 3 de maig del 2015. Aquest itinerari es desenvoluparà íntegrament per una de les unitats geològiques que constitueixen el País Valencià: concretament per la que ocupa la major part de la seva superfície, per la Serralada Ibèrica (i dintre d´aquesta pels sectors denominats Muntanyam de Castelló, d´acord amb el treball d´Oriol RIBA (1976). Igualment, el recorregut s´inclou dintre d´aquesta unitat geològica d´acord amb el treball de GUIMERÀ et altri (1992). També xal dir que per aquests sectors es presenten alineacions clarament ibèriques (NW-SE o WNW-ESE). Aquest conjunt, es troba constituït majoritàriament per relleus mesozoics (fonamentalment pertanyents al Cretàcic i al Juràssic), de naturalesa calcària, com succeeix al propi cim del Penyagolosa, molt proper a l´itinerari. Per d´altra banda, aquest recorregut es desenvoluparà a traves de dos comarques: una de les que constitueixen el País Valencià (a la Regió de Castelló) i per una de les que configuren la comarca turolenca de Gúdar - Javalambre. Així, el recorregut començarà a la de l´Alt Millars, a la població del Castillo de Villamalefa, transitant-se per aquesta comarca fins Villahermosa del Río. Seguidament, s´entrarà a la comarca aragonesa de Gúdar - Javalambre, anant des del Puertomingalvo a Mosqueruela
Recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de l´Alt Palància: des de Sot de Ferrer i Soneja a Castellnovo, Peñalba i a Segorbe / Sogorb
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella farràs Jaume
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 8 de desembre del 2013. Aquest itinerari geològic i mineralògic, discorrerà íntegrament dintre del Sistema Ibèric. I més concretament, bona part del recorregut es situarà dintre dels denominats relleus triàsics de Sagunt (RIBA et altri, 1976), del Sistema Ibèric. Així, en la major part dels trajectes anirem trobant afloraments dels diferents materials triàsics. Tot i això, també trobarem afloraments dels materials del Juràssic i del Cretàcic. Per d´altra banda, cal dir que tot i així, malgrat trobar-se força lluny de la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, aquesta zona encara es troba afectada per fractures de direcció catalana. Efectivament, al llarg del recorregut, anirem trobant diverses estructures d´arrumbament clarament català, de direccions predominants NE – SW i NNE – SSW. Aquestes direccions són perpendiculars amb les ibèriques (NW – SE). Al principi, per les immediacions de Sot de Ferrer, predominaran els materials del Keuper (amb afloraments de guixos i argiles). Després anirem trobant afloraments dels altres trams del Triàsic, així com del Juràssic i del Cretàcic Finalment, cal dir que aquest itinerari transitarà per una sola comarca del País Valencià, concretament per la de l´Alt Palància. Així s´iniciarà a Sot de Ferrer per a finalitzar al terme de Segorbe / Sogorb, la capital comarcal.
Recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de l´Alt Palància: Segorbe/Sogorb a Navajas, Jérica/Xérica, Caudiel, a Higueras/Figueres i a Pavías / Pavíes
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella farràs Jaume
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 8 de desembre del 2013. Aquest itinerari geològic i mineralògic, discorrerà íntegrament dintre del Sistema Ibèric. Així, en la major part dels trajectes anirem trobant afloraments dels diferents materials triàsics. Tot i això, també trobarem afloraments dels materials del Juràssic i del Cretàcic. Ocasionalment, cap a la fi del recorregut. També trobarem afloraments dels materials paleozoics del Carbonífer. Per d´altra banda, cal dir que tot i així, malgrat trobar-se força lluny de la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, aquesta zona encara es troba afectada per fractures de direcció catalana. Efectivament, al llarg del recorregut, anirem trobant diverses estructures d´arrumbament clarament català, de direccions predominants NE – SW i NNE – SSW. Aquestes direccions són perpendiculars amb les ibèriques (NW – SE). Finalment, cal dir que aquest itinerari transitarà per una sola comarca del País Valencià, concretament per la de l´Alt Palància. Així s´iniciarà a la capital comarcal, a Segorbe / Sogorb per a finalitzar al terme de Pavías / Pavíes, molt prop de les comarques de la Plana Baixa i de l´Alt Millars, també valencianes.
« Vite et à tout prix ? » ou l’importance du prix pour le consommateur pressé
Authors: Lallement Jeanne , Zollinger Monique
Published: March 2015

Vite et à tout prix ? Le consommateur pressé accorde-t-il moins d’importance au prix ? Cette recherche examine les effets conjoints de la pression temporelle (PT) et de l’expérience sur l’importance accordée au prix décrite par ses trois dimensions : la saillance (la priorité donnée à l’examen du prix), la pertinence (sa part dans le total des informations utilisées) et la déterminance (son poids dans la décision finale). Les résultats confirment l’importance du prix en situation de temps contraint. S’il est plus saillant, sa pertinence et sa déterminance restent les mêmes. L’expertise du consommateur en situation de PT est, sans doute, une base de segmentation intéressante pour le distributeur, qui n’a pas intérêt à dissimuler son prix.
Transmettre la psychanalyse : l’Art Brut, un laboratoire pour une première approche de la psychanalyse. Psych’Art Brut, un dispositif pédagogique innovant
Authors: Roman Pascal , Sayegh Céline , Melchiorre Maud
Published: March 2015

Cet article se propose de présenter la démarche pédagogique engagée dans le cadre d’un cours d’Introduction à la psychanalyse donné à l’Université. À partir d’une réflexion sur la faisabilité d’un projet d’enseignement de la psychanalyse, déjà interrogée en son temps par Freud (1919), se dégage une perspective selon laquelle l’approche de la psychanalyse à l’Université (comme théorie, comme méthode, et, dans une moindre mesure comme pratique) gagne à prendre appui sur la rencontre et l’analyse du processus de création. Ainsi, cette démarche pédagogique s’inscrit dans le prolongement de l’intuition freudienne selon laquelle la rencontre avec des oeuvres de création (Freud, 1906) constitue une voie propice pour l’appréhension et l’appropriation des principaux concepts psychanalytiques. Ici, c’est en particulier en appui sur la rencontre d’oeuvres d’Art Brut (avec une collaboration privilégiée avec la Collection de l’Art Brut à Lausanne), que se déploiera l’enseignement. Il s’agit en effet, d’initier les étudiants à repérer, en appui sur un matériel mis à disposition (corpus d’images et de discours sur l’oeuvre ainsi que de films documentaires consacrés à des auteurs d’Art Brut), les indices de la participation d’une des trois principales formes de travail psychique que sont le travail du rêve, le travail du deuil et le travail du jeu au processus de création (à partir des travaux de Anzieu, 1981) et, à partir de là, de leur permettre une première rencontre avec les concepts de base de la psychanalyse. Au-delà de l’énoncé de la démarche didactique qui sous-tend le projet de cet enseignement, l’article présente une illustration clinique à partir d’un auteur se situant à la frontière de l’Art Brut (P. Dereux), ainsi que le synopsis du cours et les modalités d’évaluation de celui-ci.
Permeability of compacting porous lavas
Authors: Ashwell P. A. , Kendrick J. E. , Lavallée Y. , Kennedy B. M. , Hess K.‐U. , von Aulock F. W. , Wadsworth F. B. , Vasseur J. , Dingwell D. B.
Published: March 2015

The highly transient nature of outgassing commonly observed at volcanoes is in part controlled by the permeability of lava domes and shallow conduits. Lava domes generally consist of a porous outer carapace surrounding a denser lava core with internal shear zones of variable porosity. Here we examine densification using uniaxial compression experiments on variably crystalline and porous rhyolitic dome lavas from the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Experiments were conducted at 900°C and an applied stress of 3 MPa to 60% strain, while monitoring acoustic emissions to track cracking. The evolution of the porous network was assessed via X‐ray computed tomography, He‐pycnometry, and relative gas permeability. High starting connected porosities led to low apparent viscosities and high strain rates, initially accompanied by abundant acoustic emissions. As compaction ensued, the lavas evolved; apparent viscosity increased and strain rate decreased due to strain hardening of the suspensions. Permeability fluctuations resulted from the interplay between viscous flow and brittle failure. Where phenocrysts were abundant, cracks had limited spatial extent, and pore closure decreased axial and radial permeability proportionally, maintaining the initial anisotropy. In crystal‐poor lavas, axial cracks had a more profound effect, and permeability anisotropy switched to favor axial flow. Irrespective of porosity, both crystalline samples compacted to a threshold minimum porosity of 17–19%, whereas the crystal‐poor sample did not achieve its compaction limit. This indicates that unconfined loading of porous dome lavas does not necessarily form an impermeable plug and may be hindered, in part by the presence of crystals.
Seismic fatigue failure may have triggered the 2014 Mw7.9 Rat Islands earthquake
Authors: Miyazawa Masatoshi
Published: March 2015

Seismic waves propagating from large earthquakes cause global transient stress changes capable of triggering other earthquakes at great distances. The study of such remote and dynamic triggering phenomena provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that generate earthquakes. I introduce an integrated seismicity model to stochastically evaluate the time intervals of consecutive earthquakes at global scales, making it possible to detect a pair of earthquakes possibly related to each other. I show a Mw7.9 intermediate‐depth earthquake that occurred in the Rat Islands in 2014 is inferred to have been associated with a sequence of distant large (Mw≥6.5) earthquakes originating from the Kermadec Islands. The passage of seismic surface waves from the Kermadec events that produced small stress changes varying within at most 10 Pa at the hypocenter, probably caused a reduction in the fault's strength by cyclic fatigue and eventually triggered its failure during their passage.
Resistive Switching Memory Devices Based on Proteins
Authors: Wang Hong , Meng Fanben , Zhu Bowen , Leow Wan Ru , Liu Yaqing , Chen Xiaodong
Published: March 2015

Resistive switching memory constitutes a prospective candidate for next‐generation data storage devices. Meanwhile, naturally occurring biomaterials are promising building blocks for a new generation of environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and biodegradable electronic devices. Recent progress in using proteins to construct resistive switching memory devices is highlighted. The protein materials selection, device engineering, and mechanism of such protein‐based resistive switching memory are discussed in detail. Finally, the critical challenges associated with protein‐based resistive switching memory devices are presented, as well as insights into the future development of resistive switching memory based on natural biomaterials.
Iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following a high‐speed air drill dental treatment procedure
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Sawai Tatsuo , Kadoi Kanenori , Yamada Taihei , Yoshie Norichika , Ueda Takahiro , Nakao Atsunori , Kotani Joji
Published: March 2015

Case

A patient was transported to our hospital with swelling in his right face and neck after restorative dental treatment. Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum were discovered using computed tomography scans.

Outcome

The patient had no severe symptoms. We prescribed prophylactic antibiotics and he recovered uneventfully.

Conclusions

Clinicians must keep this pathology in mind because prompt diagnosis and treatment contribute to early improvement. Otherwise, patients may face life‐threatening complications.
Phosphahelicenes in Asymmetric Organocatalysis: [3+2] Cyclizations of γ‐Substituted Allenes and Electron‐Poor Olefins
Authors: Gicquel Maxime , Zhang Yang , Aillard Paul , Retailleau Pascal , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela
Published: March 2015

The first use of phosphahelicene in enantioselective organocatalysis is reported. New chiral phosphahelicenes have been prepared and enable highly enantioselective [3+2] cyclization reactions between arylidene‐ or alkylidenemalononitriles and γ‐substituted allenoates or cyanoallenes. These reactions afford cyclopentene derivatives in both high yields and diastereoselectivities, with enantiomeric excesses of up to 97 %.
Construction of an Upconversion Nanoprobe with Few‐Atom Silver Nanoclusters as the Energy Acceptor
Authors: Xiao Yan , Zeng Lingyu , Xia Tian , Wu Zhengjun , Liu Zhihong
Published: March 2015

Herein we report that few‐atom silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) can be effective energy acceptors for upconversion phosphors (UCPs). A luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) probe for biothiols was constructed by decorating UCPs with dithiol‐stabilized Ag NCs. Owing to the unique properties of ultrasmall NCs, properties which bridge the gap between those of small molecules and those of nanoparticles, the use of approximately 1.9 nm Ag NCs as energy acceptors endows the probe with high energy‐transfer efficiency, good biocompatibility, and flexibility. The UCP–Ag NC nanoprobe enables rapid and robust target assay in solutions. It was also uploaded into living cells and used to detect intracellular biothiol levels with high discrimination. Moreover, the probe shows transportability in vivo and can be used for tissue imaging. The facile growth of few‐atom metal NCs on diverse templates may enable the development of various nanoprobes combining UCPs and metal NCs.
Carbazole Dendrimers as Solution‐Processable Thermally Activated Delayed‐Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Albrecht Ken , Matsuoka Kenichi , Fujita Katsuhiko , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: March 2015

Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have received increasing attention as effective emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most of them are usually employed as dopants in a host material. In this report, carbazole dendrimers with a triphenyl‐s‐triazine core are reported, which are the first solution‐processable, non‐doped, high‐molecular‐weight TADF materials. The dendrimers were obtained by a new and facile synthetic route using the tert‐butyldimethylsilyl moiety as a protecting group. All dendrimers showed TADF in toluene. Measurements of the temperature‐dependent luminescence lifetime revealed that spin‐coated neat films also showed TADF with moderate quantum yields. OLED devices incorporating these dendrimers as spin‐coated emitting layers gave external quantum efficiencies of up to a 3.4 %, which suggests that this device is harvesting triplet excitons. This result indicates that carbazole dendrimers with attached acceptors are potential TADF materials owing to their polarized electronic structure (with HOMO–LUMO separation).
In situ electrochemical synthesis of a poly(o‐anisidine) counter electrode for a dye‐sensitized solar cell
Authors: Menaka Chandrasekaran , Manisankar Paramasivam , Stalin Thambusamy
Published: March 2015

Poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) counter electrodes (CEs) were fabricated by potentiodynamic deposition and incorporated into platinum (Pt)‐free dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A different sweep number had great impact on the morphology and electrocatalytic activity of the POA films. The POA film fabricated by 25 sweep cycles was observed to have a highly porous morphology, and this resulted in a lower charge‐transfer resistance of 57 cm2 in comparison with the Pt CE. The DSSC assembled with the POA CE showed a higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 1.67% compared to 1.2% for the DSSC with the Pt CE under full sunlight illumination. Therefore, the high active surface area of the 25‐sweep‐segmented POA film could be considered a promising alternative CE for use in DSSCs because of its high electrocatalytic performance and electrochemical stability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42041.
Bioprocessing analysis of Pyrococcus furiosus strains engineered for CO2‐based 3‐hydroxypropionate production
Authors: Hawkins Aaron B. , Lian Hong , Zeldes Benjamin M. , Loder Andrew J. , Lipscomb Gina L. , Schut Gerrit J. , Keller Matthew W. , Adams Michael W.W. , Kelly Robert M.
Published: March 2015

Metabolically engineered strains of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus (Topt 95–100°C), designed to produce 3‐hydroxypropionate (3HP) from maltose and CO2 using enzymes from the Metallosphaera sedula (Topt 73°C) carbon fixation cycle, were examined with respect to the impact of heterologous gene expression on metabolic activity, fitness at optimal and sub‐optimal temperatures, gas‐liquid mass transfer in gas‐intensive bioreactors, and potential bottlenecks arising from product formation. Transcriptomic comparisons of wild‐type P. furiosus, a genetically‐tractable, naturally‐competent mutant (COM1), and COM1‐based strains engineered for 3HP production revealed numerous differences after being shifted from 95°C to 72°C, where product formation catalyzed by the heterologously‐produced M. sedula enzymes occurred. At 72°C, significantly higher levels of metabolic activity and a stress response were evident in 3HP‐forming strains compared to the non‐producing parent strain (COM1). Gas–liquid mass transfer limitations were apparent, given that 3HP titers and volumetric productivity in stirred bioreactors could be increased over 10‐fold by increased agitation and higher CO2 sparging rates, from 18 mg/L to 276 mg/L and from 0.7 mg/L/h to 11 mg/L/h, respectively. 3HP formation triggered transcription of genes for protein stabilization and turnover, RNA degradation, and reactive oxygen species detoxification. The results here support the prospects of using thermally diverse sources of pathways and enzymes in metabolically engineered strains designed for product formation at sub‐optimal growth temperatures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1533–1543. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics: applications to biomarker and metabolic pathway research
Authors: Zhang Aihua , Sun Hui , Yan Guangli , Wang Ping , Wang Xijun
Published: March 2015

Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics has become increasingly popular in molecular medicine. High‐definition mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with pattern recognition methods, have been carried out to obtain comprehensive metabolite profiling and metabolic pathway of large biological datasets. This sets the scene for a new and powerful diagnostic approach. Analysis of the key metabolites in body fluids has become an important part of improving disease diagnosis. With technological advances in analytical techniques, the ability to measure low‐molecular‐weight metabolites in bio‐samples provides a powerful platform for identifying metabolites that are uniquely correlated with a specific human disease. MS‐based metabolomics can lead to enhanced understanding of disease mechanisms and to new diagnostic markers and has a strong potential to contribute to improving early diagnosis of diseases. This review will highlight the importance and benefit with certain characteristic examples of MS‐metabolomics for identifying metabolic pathways and metabolites that accurately screen for potential diagnostic biomarkers of diseases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of an EEG biomarker with a clinician's ADHD evaluation
Authors: Snyder Steven M. , Rugino Thomas A. , Hornig Mady , Stein Mark A.
Published: March 2015

Background

This study is the first to evaluate an assessment aid for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to both Class‐I evidence standards of American Academy of Neurology and De Novo requirements of US Food and Drug Administration. The assessment aid involves a method to integrate an electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarker, theta/beta ratio (TBR), with a clinician's ADHD evaluation. The integration method is intended as a step to help improve certainty with criterion E (i.e., whether symptoms are better explained by another condition).

Methods

To evaluate the assessment aid, investigators conducted a prospective, triple‐blinded, 13‐site, clinical cohort study. Comprehensive clinical evaluation data were obtained from 275 children and adolescents presenting with attentional and behavioral concerns. A qualified clinician at each site performed differential diagnosis. EEG was collected by separate teams. The reference standard was consensus diagnosis by an independent, multidisciplinary team (psychiatrist, psychologist, and neurodevelopmental pediatrician), which is well‐suited to evaluate criterion E in a complex clinical population.

Results

Of 209 patients meeting ADHD criteria per a site clinician's judgment, 93 were separately found by the multidisciplinary team to be less likely to meet criterion E, implying possible overdiagnosis by clinicians in 34% of the total clinical sample (93/275). Of those 93, 91% were also identified by EEG, showing a relatively lower TBR (85/93). Further, the integration method was in 97% agreement with the multidisciplinary team in the resolution of a clinician's uncertain cases (35/36). TBR showed statistical power specific to supporting certainty of criterion E per the multidisciplinary team (Cohen's d, 1.53). Patients with relatively lower TBR were more likely to have other conditions that could affect criterion E certainty (10 significant results; P ≤ 0.05). Integration of this information with a clinician's ADHD evaluation could help improve diagnostic accuracy from 61% to 88%.

Conclusions

The EEG‐based assessment aid may help improve accuracy of ADHD diagnosis by supporting greater criterion E certainty.
Processing silk hydrogel and its applications in biomedical materials
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yan , Zhang Yu‐Qing
Published: March 2015

This review mainly introduces the types of silk hydrogels, their processing methods, and applications. There are various methods for hydrogel preparation, and many new processes are being developed for various applications. Silk hydrogels can be used in cartilage tissue engineering, drug release materials, 3D scaffolds for cells, and artificial skin, among other applications because of their porous structure and high porosity and the large surface area for growth, migration, adhesion and proliferation of cells that the hydrogels provide. All of these advantages have made silk hydrogels increasingly attractive. In addition, silk hydrogels have wide prospects for application in the field of biomedical materials. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:630–640, 2015
Simple methods for the optimization of complex‐valued kurtosis as a projection index
Authors: Hou Siyuan , Wentzell Peter D. , Riley Christopher B.
Published: March 2015

Simple and rapidly executed iterative algorithms for the optimization of the complex‐valued kurtosis as a projection index are developed, which have the following advantages: maximization and minimization in response to requirements, no requirements for sphering and strong‐uncorrelation transformation, no assumptions for circular or non‐circular source signals, and the option to choose uncorrelated scores or orthogonal projection vectors.
π‐Extended Indenofluorenes
Authors: Rao M. Rajeswara , Desmecht Antonin , Perepichka Dmitrii F.
Published: March 2015

A series of π‐extended aromatic indenofluorene (IF) analogues with naphthalene and anthracene cores have been synthesized through acid‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The regioselectivity of the reaction is controlled by a combination of steric and electronic factors and in some cases several possible regioisomers have resulted from the same precursor. The effects of ring connectivity on the optoelectronic properties were investigated by DFT calculations, absorption/emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemical studies. All regioisomers exhibited a redshift of their absorption/emission bands relative to the parent IF analogues, but the magnitude of this shift and other optoelectronic properties (luminescence quantum yield, etc.) depends on the ring connectivity in a less obvious manner.
Frontispiece: Unusual Bonding and Properties in Main Group Element Chemistry: Rational Synthesis, Characterization, and Experimental Electron Density Determination of Mixed‐Valent Tetraphosphetes
Authors: Breuers Verena , Lehmann Christian W. , Frank Walter
Published: March 2015

Phosphorus Heterocycles

Exceptional bonding and molecular properties are observed in mixed‐valent tetraphosphetes now accessible by a simplified synthetic protocol. Besides anisotropic absorption of visible light and remarkable 31P NMR chemical shifts, the dispirocyclic compounds combine bis(ylidic) properties with elements of non‐classical π‐bonding. For more details, see the Full Paper by V. Breuers, W. Frank and C. W. Lehmann on page 4596 ff.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Stability of the Monosilicides of Cobalt and the Platinum Group Elements.
Authors: Hernandez J. A. , Vocadlo L. , Wood I. G.
Published: March 2015

The high pressure stability of CoSi, RuSi, RhSi, PdSi, OsSi, IrSi, and PtSi is investigated by static first‐principles calculations ≤ 300 GPa at 0 K using the VASP package for general gradient approximation with Perdrew‐Wang 91 pseudopotentials describing the core‐electron interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Polar Space Group and Complex Magnetism in Ni11□(HPO3)8(OH)6: Towards a New Multiferroic Material?
Authors: Poienar M. , Maignan A. , Sfirloaga P. , Malo S. , Vlazan P. , Guesdon A. , Laine F. , Rouquette J. , Martin C.
Published: March 2015

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of FePO4, Fe(NO3)3, and 2M aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis of Tetranuclear Borate Clusters Containing f‐ and p‐Block Metals.
Authors: Parker T. Gannon , Chown Amanda L. , Beehler Austin , Pubbi Divya , Cross Justin N. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: March 2015

Reactions of oxides or halides of trivalent lanthanides and actinides or Bi with H3BO3 in the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl in the presence of a small amount of water (autoclave, 150 °C, 5 d; controlled cooling) result in the crystallization of a series of isomorphous tetranuclear borate clusters of general formula M4B22O36(OH)6 (H2O)13 (M: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Pu, and Bi).
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpectedly Complex Crystalline Phases in the MSO3F—Ag(SO3F)2 Phase Diagram (M: Na, K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Michalowski T. , Mazej Z. , Budzianowski A. , Jaglicic Z. , Leszczynski P. J. , Grochala W.
Published: March 2015

Crystalline phases obtained by reactions of MSO3F (M: Na, K, Rb, Cs), AgSO3F, and (SO3F)2 (77 K → room temp., 2—5 d) are characterized by powder XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methylacridinium Salts: Carbon Lewis Acids in Frustrated Lewis Pairs for σ‐Bond Activation and Catalytic Reductions.
Authors: Clark Ewan R. , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: March 2015

An N‐methylacridinium salt is successfully used as catalyst for the reduction of aldimines and the hydrosilylation of alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling of Organolithium Reagents with Aryl and Vinyl Triflates
Authors: Vila Carlos , Hornillos Valentin , Giannerini Massimo , Fananas‐Mastral Martin , Feringa Ben L.
Published: March 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl triflate and a vinyl triflate with alkyllithium reagents (II) and aryllithiums (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Synthesis of 1‐Phenoxy‐2‐propanol via Atom‐Economic Reaction.
Authors: Feng Shide , Cao Fengyun , Lu Bin , Cai Qinghai
Published: March 2015

Reaction of phenol with propylene oxide using a Fe3O4‐supported Al2O3‐MgO catalyst gives the title compound in good yield (80.3% conversion, 88.1% selectivity) via regioselective ring‐opening.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Mediated O‐Arylation of Protected Serines and Threonines.
Authors: El Khatib Mirna , Molander Gary A.
Published: March 2015

The first report for the Chan—Lam cross‐coupling of serine and threonine derivatives, allowing access to novel unnatural β‐aryloxy‐α‐amino acid derivatives, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkenes with Paraformaldehyde as a Carbon Monoxide Substitute.
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wu Lipeng , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2015

Title reaction affords a variety of industrially important esters using easy‐to‐handle paraformaldehyde as carbonyl source.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Stabilized Palladium Complexes as Organometallic Catalysts for Bioorthogonal Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Ma Xueji , Wang Hangxiang , Chen Wanzhi
Published: March 2015

This synthetic method is also used for the bioorthogonal labelling of proteins on cellular surfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Construction of Polycyclic Spirooxindoles by Organocatalytic 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2‐Cyclohexenone Catalyzed by Proline‐Sulfonamide.
Authors: Xiao Jun‐An , Liu Qi , Ren Ji‐Wei , Liu Jian , Carter Rich G. , Chen Xiao‐Qing , Yang Hua
Published: March 2015

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylides and 2‐cyclohexenone is studied in the presence of a chiral proline‐sulfonamide catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Iodide Mediated Iodocyclization of Cyclopropylideneallenyl Ketones: Facile and Effective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Furan Derivatives.
Authors: Miao Maozhong , Xu Xin , Xu Lijun , Ren Hongjun
Published: March 2015

A scalable, efficient, mild, and straightforward method for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative C—H/N—H Cross‐Coupling of α‐Alkenoyl Ketene N,S‐Acetals to Synthesize Pyrrolone Derivatives.
Authors: Huang Fei , Wu Ping , Wang Liandi , Chen Jiping , Sun Chenglin , Yu Zhengkun
Published: March 2015

Highly functionalized pyrrolone derivatives, e.g. (VII) and (IX) are accessible via tuneable C—S and C—Cl bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Alkynylation/Lactamization Cascade: An Expeditious Entry to Enantiomerically Enriched Isoindolinones.
Authors: Bisai Vishnumaya , Suneja Arun , Singh Vinod K.
Published: March 2015

A facile protocol is presented for the highly enantioselective alkynylation/lactonization reaction sequence of 2‐formylbenzoates with anilines and alkynes to form various isoindolinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A K2CO3‐Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of Indole/Pyrrole‐Fused 1,4‐Oxazines: An Unexpected Indole‐Fused Azlactone Synthesis.
Authors: Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Hu Wan‐Ping , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Chen Hsing‐Yin , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: March 2015

Both terminal and internal alkynes are tolerated, but reactions with the latter are more sluggish due to increased steric hindrance.
ChemInform Abstract: p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid‐Promoted, I2‐Catalyzed Sulfenylation of Pyrazolones with Aryl Sulfonyl Hydrazides.
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhang Lipeng , Li Tianjiao , Liu Guiyan , Wang Haomeng , Lu Kui
Published: March 2015

The I2‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of pyrazolones with aryl sulfonyl hydrazides furnishes aryl pyrazolone thioethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction for the Synthesis of Benzimidazol‐2‐ones, Imidazo[5,4‐b]‐, and Imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridin‐2‐ones via the Rearrangement of Quinoxalin‐2‐ones and Their Aza Analogues when Exposed to Enamines.
Authors: Mamedov Vakhid A. , Zhukova Nataliya A. , Zamaletdinova Anastasiya I. , Beschastnova Tat'yana N. , Kadyrova Milyausha S. , Rizvanov Il'dar Kh. , Syakaev Victor V. , Latypov Shamil K.
Published: March 2015

The rearrangement process includes a novel ring contraction as the key step to produce various benzimidazole structures bearing a pyrrole part at one of the nitrogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl Enol Ether Prins Cyclization: Diastereoselective Formation of Substituted Tetrahydropyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Tay Gidget C. , Huang Chloe Y. , Rychnovsky Scott D.
Published: March 2015

The corresponding starting compounds are prepared in a 4 step sequence via weinreb amide intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Amides Using Graphene Oxide as an Efficient Catalyst.
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Shekhar Amiya , Mungse Harshal P. , Khatri Om P. , Pathak Devendra D.
Published: March 2015

The method for the title synthesis needs no transition metal catalysts and proceeds in shorter reaction time.