bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA let-7f-5p regulates PI3K/AKT/COX2 signaling pathway in bacteria-induced pulmonary fibrosis via targeting of PIK3CA in forest musk deer
Authors: Zhao Wei , Cheng Jianguo , Luo Yan , Fu Wenlong , Zhou Lei , Wang Xiang , Wang Yin , Yang Zexiao , Yao Xueping , Ren Meishen , Zhong Zhijun , Wu Xi , Ren Ziwei , Li Yimeng
Published: October 2022

Background

Recent studies have characterized that microRNA (miRNA) is a suitable candidate for the study of bleomycin/LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but the knowledge on miRNA in bacteria-induced pulmonary fibrosis (BIPF) is limited. Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii, FMD) is an important endangered species that has been seriously affected by BIPF. We sought to determine whether miRNA exist that modulates the pathogenesis of BIPF in FMD.

Methods

High-throughput sequencing and RT-qPCR were used to determine the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in the blood of BIPF FMD. The DEmiRNAs were further detected in the blood and lung of BIPF model rat by RT-qPCR, and the targeting relationship between candidate miRNA and its potential target gene was verified by dual-luciferase reporter activity assay. Furthermore, the function of the candidate miRNA was verified in the FMD lung fibroblast cells (FMD-C1).

Results

Here we found that five dead FMD were suffered from BIPF, and six circulating miRNAs (miR-30g, let-7f-5p, miR-27-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-9-5p and miR-652) were differentially expressed in the blood of the BIPF FMD. Of these, let-7f-5p showed reproducibly lower level in the blood and lung of the BIPF model rat, and the expression levels of PI3K/AKT/COX2 signaling pathway genes (PIK3CA, PDK1, Akt1, IKBKA, NF-κB1 and COX2) were increased in the lung of BIPF model rats, suggesting that there is a potential correlation between BIPF and the PI3K/AKT/COX2 signaling pathway. Notably, using bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification, we demonstrated that let-7f-5p is conserved across mammals, and the seed sequence of let-7f-5p displays perfect complementarity with the 3’ UTR of PIK3CA gene and the expression of the PIK3CA gene was regulated by let-7f-5p. In order to determine the regulatory relationship between let-7f-5p and the PI3K/AKT/COX2 signaling pathway in FMD, we successfully cultured FMD-C1, and found that let-7f-5p could act as a negative regulator for the PI3K/Akt/COX2 signaling pathway in FMD-C1. Collectively, this study not only provided a study strategy for non-invasive research in pulmonary disease in rare animals, but also laid a foundation for further research in BIPF.
miR2Trait: an integrated resource for investigating miRNA-disease associations
Authors: Babu Poornima , Palaniappan Ashok
Published: October 2022

MicroRNAs are key components of cellular regulatory networks, and breakdown in miRNA function causes cascading effects leading to pathophenotypes. A better understanding of the role of miRNAs in diseases is essential for human health. Here, we have devised a method for comprehensively mapping the associations between miRNAs and diseases by merging on a common key between two curated omics databases. The resulting bidirectional resource, miR2Trait, is more detailed than earlier catalogs, uncovers new relationships, and includes analytical utilities to interrogate and extract knowledge from these datasets. miR2Trait provides resources to compute the disease enrichment of a user-given set of miRNAs and analyze the miRNA profile of a specified diseasome. Reproducible examples demonstrating use-cases for each of these resource components are illustrated. Furthermore we used these tools to construct pairwise miRNA-miRNA and disease-disease enrichment networks, and identified 23 central miRNAs that could underlie major regulatory functions in the human genome. miR2Trait is available as an open-source command-line interface in Python3 (URL: https://github.com/miR2Trait) with a companion wiki documenting the scripts and data resources developed, under MIT license for commercial and non-commercial use. A minimal web-based implementation has been made available at https://sas.sastra.edu/pymir18. Supplementary information is available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8288825.v3.
Patient-centered care: a conceptual analysis in light of Rodgers’ evolutionary method / Cuidado centrado no paciente uma análise conceitual à luz do Método Evolucionário de Rodgers
Authors: Sousa Vilma Rejane Maciel de , Brito Raissa Jerônimo de , Candido de Oliveira Salvador Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira , Duarte da Costa Theo , Horácio Lopes Rayssa , Andrade Alves Kisna Yasmin
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar o conceito do "cuidado centrado no paciente" à luz do método evolucionário de Rodgers. Método: trata-se de uma análise conceitual referenciada pelo Método Evolucionário de Rodgers acerca do conceito “cuidado centrado no paciente”. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados com estatística descritiva simples e os qualitativos, pela análise similitude, com o apoio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ). Resultados: a percepção dos autores sobre o conceito em análise retrata o paciente como elemento basilar da discussão e apontam como vocábulos que tangenciam essa centralidade: saúde, cuidado, necessidade, processo. Conclusão: revelou-se a heterogeneidade de termos substitutos empregados para o termo em estudo e por conseguinte a ausência de padronização conceitual.
Factors associated with Covid-19 morbidity and mortality in the elderly: scoping review / Fatores associados a morbimortalidade por covid-19 em idosos: revisão de escopo
Authors: Leite Maria Amanda Pereira , Cavalcanti Larissa dos Santos , Nova Felícia Augusta de Lima Vila , Pereira Renata Rabelo , Lima Iana Sâmella Alcântara de , Pontes Maria de Lourdes de Farias
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: identificar as evidencias cientificas sobre os fatores que estão associados a morbimortalidade por covid-19 em idosos Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, realizada a partir da busca em cinco bases de dados/bibliotecas. Para nortear a elaboração desse estudo foram seguidas as recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs. A estratégia PCC foi utilizada para elaborar a seguinte questão norteadora: quais fatores estão associados a morbimortalidade por covid-19 em idosos? Foram incluídos 38 artigos na amostra final. Resultados: a presença de comorbidades, especialmente, as doenças cardiovasculares e endócrinas; idade avançada; sexo masculino; alterações laboratoriais, dentre outros fatores podem ser preditivos de piores desfechos clínicos. Conclusão: a população idosa foi uma das mais afetadas pela pandemia e alguns fatores corroboram para pior prognóstico.
Distribution of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and N-Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Healthy Transgender People
Authors: Greene Dina N. , Schmidt Robert L. , Christenson Robert H. , Rongitsch Jessica , Imborek Katherine L. , Rebuck Heather , Lorey Thomas S. , Saenger Amy K. , Krasowski Matthew D.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Sex-specific differences in the commonly used cardiac biomarkers high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) and N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are apparent. There is an absence of medical literature delineating the concentration differences for these biomarkers in transgender individuals without cardiac disease.

Objective

To determine the distribution of hs-cTn and NT-proBNP in healthy transgender people.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional prospective study, healthy transgender individuals prescribed testosterone or estradiol for 12 months or more were recruited from internal medicine and primary care clinics that specialize in transgender medical care between November 1, 2017, and July 1, 2018.

Exposures

Testosterone or estradiol for 12 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Concentrations for hs-cTnI (troponin I), hs-cTnT (troponin T), and NT-proBNP were measured.

Results

Transgender people prescribed testosterone (n = 79; mean [SD] age, 28.8 [7.8] years) or estrogen (n = 93; mean [SD] age, 35.1 [11.7] years) were recruited. The concentration of hs-cTn was significantly higher in transgender men relative to transgender women. For Abbott hs-cTnI levels, the median (IQR) concentration observed in transgender men and women was 0.9 (0.6-1.7) ng/L and 0.6 (0.3-1.0) ng/L, respectively. Results were similar across 2 additional hs-cTn assays. In contrast, NT-proBNP level was higher in transgender women. The median (IQR) NT-proBNP concentration was significantly higher in transgender women ( 49 [32-86] ng/L) than in transgender men (17 [13-27] ng/L).

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that the differences in concentration for hs-cTn and NT-proBNP between transgender men and women were similar to what is observed between cisgender men and women. Sex hormones, rather than sex assigned at birth, may be a stronger driver of the observed concentration differences between healthy men and women for biomarkers of cardiac disease.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Authors: Sato Eri , Goto Takao , Honda Hitoshi
Published: October 2022

This case report describes multiple dark-brown 1- to 2-mm hyperpigmented macules on the lips, nose, and conjunctivae.
Lifetime Sunburn Trajectories and Associated Risks of Cutaneous Melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Among a Cohort of Norwegian Women
Authors: Lergenmuller Simon , Rueegg Corina S. , Perrier Flavie , Robsahm Trude E. , Green Adele C. , Lund Eiliv , Ghiasvand Reza , Veierød Marit B.
Published: October 2022

Importance

To our knowledge, no study has prospectively investigated sunburn patterns over age periods from childhood to adulthood and their associations with skin cancer risk.

Objective

To identify lifetime trajectories of sunburns and compare the association between these trajectories and subsequent risk of cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study included participants from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, established in 1991, with follow-up through 2018. Baseline questionnaires were issued from 1991 to 2007, with follow-up questionnaires every 5 to 7 years. Data analysis was performed from March 16, 2021, to December 4, 2021.

Exposures

Participants reported pigmentation factors, sunbathing vacations, and indoor tanning. Annual frequencies of sunburns were reported for childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Information on cancer diagnoses, emigration, and death were obtained through linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway using the unique personal identification number of Norwegian citizens.

Results

Of the 172 472 women (age range, 31-70 years) who returned questionnaires, 169 768 received questions about sunburns at study inclusion. Five classes (stable low, low-moderate-low, low to high, high to low, and stable high) of individual lifetime sunburn trajectories with similar shapes were estimated in 3 samples up to 39 years (n = 159 773), up to 49 years (n = 153 297), and up to 59 years (n = 119 170). Mean follow-up ranged from 14.3 to 19.5 years in the 3 samples, during which 1252 to 1774 women were diagnosed with incident primary melanoma and 739 to 871 women with incident primary cSCC. With hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model, the stable high and high to low trajectories showed statistically significant increased melanoma and cSCC risks compared with the stable low trajectory across all samples (≤39 years for stable high and high to low trajectories: melanoma: HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.28-1.75] and HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.20-1.73]; cSCC: HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.22-1.87] and HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.14-1.91]). Other trajectories showed increased risk, though generally weaker and mainly estimates that were not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity between melanoma and cSCC estimates.

Conclusion and Relevance

This cohort study showed that high sunburn frequency throughout life was associated with increased melanoma and cSCC risk. Furthermore, sunburns in childhood are especially important for subsequent risk of these skin cancers. Avoiding sunburns throughout life, in particular in childhood, is therefore crucial.
Implementation of Antenatal Lifestyle Interventions Into Routine Care
Authors: Bahri Khomami Mahnaz , Teede Helena J. , Enticott Joanne , O’Reilly Sharleen , Bailey Cate , Harrison Cheryce L.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Lifestyle interventions in pregnancy optimize gestational weight gain and improve pregnancy outcomes, with implementation recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Yet, implementation research taking these efficacy trials into pragmatic translation remains limited.

Objective

To evaluate success factors for implementing pregnancy lifestyle interventions into antenatal care settings in a meta-analysis, using the penetration, implementation, participation, and effectiveness (PIPE) impact metric.

Data Sources

Data from a previous systematic review that searched across 9 databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Health Technology Assessment Database, were obtained, in 2 stages, up to May 6, 2020.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials reporting gestational weight gain in singleton pregnancies.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The association of penetration, implementation, and participation with effectiveness of antenatal lifestyle interventions in optimizing gestational weight gain was estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. The Cochrane risk of bias tool, version 1.0, was used to assess risk of bias.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Penetration (reach), implementation (fidelity), participation, and effectiveness of randomized clinical trials of lifestyle interventions in pregnancy.

Results

Ninety-nine studies with 34 546 participants were included. Only 14 studies reported penetration of target populations. Overall, 38 studies (38.4%) had moderate fidelity, 25 (25.2%) had high fidelity, and 36 (36.4%) had unclear fidelity. Participation was reported in 84 studies (84.8%). Lifestyle interventions were associated with reducing gestational weight gain by 1.15 kg (95% CI, –1.40 to –0.91 kg).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that, despite the large body of evidence on efficacy of lifestyle interventions during pregnancy in optimizing gestational weight gain, little guidance is available to inform implementation of this evidence into practice. There is a need to better elucidate implementation outcomes in trial design alongside pragmatic implementation research to improve the health of women who are pregnant and the next generation.
Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21 in New Jersey, 2019-2020
Authors: Hrywna Mary , Kong Amanda Y. , Ackerman Christopher , Hudson Shawna V. , Delnevo Cristine D.
Published: October 2022

This cross-sectional study assesses retailer compliance with the Tobacco 21 law in New Jersey during 2019 and 2020.
Research Fever—An Ever More Prominent Trend in the Residency Match
Authors: Ahmed Abdul-Kareem , Adashi Eli Y.
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the rising trend in research output among matched US MD seniors in the National Resident Matching Program Main Residency Match from 2009 to 2020.
Phase 2 Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Centrally Located Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Fan , Chen Bo , Dong Dezuo , Rong Weiqi , Wang Hongzhi , Wang Liming , Wang Shulian , Jin Jing , Song Yongwen , Liu Yueping , Fang Hui , Tang Yuan , Li Ning , Zhu Xianggao , Li Yexiong , Wang Weihu , Wu Jianxiong
Published: October 2022

Importance

Centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a special type of HCC whose outcome is unsatisfactory when treated with surgery alone. No standard adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment for this disease has been established that improves clinical outcomes.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adding neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) before surgery in patients with centrally located HCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This phase 2, single-center, single-group prospective nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted between December 16, 2014, and January 29, 2019, at the Cancer Institute and Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing, China. The last follow-up was on July 30, 2021. Patients with centrally located HCC who underwent neoadjuvant IMRT and surgery were included in the analysis.

Interventions

Neoadjuvant IMRT followed by hepatectomy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was 5-year overall survival (OS). The secondary end points were tumor response to IMRT, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), and treatment-related adverse events.

Results

Thirty-eight patients (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [9.3] years; 35 male [92.1%] individuals) completed the prescribed neoadjuvant IMRT without interruption. Radiographic tumor response to IMRT before surgery included partial response (16 [42.1%]) and stable disease (22 [57.9%]). Thirteen patients (34.2%) achieved major pathological response, of which 5 (13.2%) achieved pathologic complete response. With a median follow-up of 45.8 months, the median OS was not reached, and the OS rates were 94.6% at 1 year, 75.4% at 3 years, and 69.1% at 5 years. The median DFS was 45.8 months, and DFS rates were 70.3% at 1 year, 54.1% at 3 years, and 41.0% at 5 years. Radiotherapy-related grade 3 adverse events were observed in 3 patients (7.9%). Nineteen operative complications developed in 13 patients (34.2%), including grade I to II complications in 12 patients (31.6%) and grade IIIa complication in 1 patient (2.6%). No grade IIIb or higher operative complications were observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this trial suggest that neoadjuvant IMRT plus surgery is effective and well-tolerated in patients with centrally located HCC. These data may inform a future randomized clinical trial of this new treatment strategy.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02580929
Association of Long-term Oncologic Prognosis With Minimal Access Breast Surgery vs Conventional Breast Surgery
Authors: Wan Andi , Liang Yan , Chen Li , Wang Shushu , Shi Qiyun , Yan Wenting , Cao Xiaozhen , Zhong Ling , Fan Linjun , Tang Peng , Zhang Guozhi , Xiong Siyi , Wang Cheng , Zeng Zhen , Wu Xiujuan , Jiang Jun , Qi Xiaowei , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2022

Importance

Minimal access breast surgery (MABS) has been used in breast cancer management. However, long-term prognostic data associated with MABS vs conventional breast surgery (CBS) are lacking.

Objective

To investigate long-term therapeutic outcomes associated with MABS vs CBS for breast cancer management.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 9184 individuals were assessed for inclusion. After exclusions, 2412 adult female individuals were included who were diagnosed with stage 0 to III breast cancer, underwent unilateral breast surgery between January 2004 and December 2017, and had no distant metastasis or history of severe underlying disease. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize selection bias. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2019.

Exposures

MABS or CBS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Data on demographic and tumor characteristics and long-term outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results

This study included 2412 patients (100% female; median [IQR] age, 44 [40-49] years). Of these, 603 patients underwent MABS (endoscopic, endoscopy-assisted, or robot-assisted procedures in 289, 302, and 12 patients, respectively) and 1809 patients underwent CBS. The median follow-up time was 84 months (93 in the MABS group and 80 months in the CBS group). Intergroup differences were not significant for the following parameters: 10-year local recurrence-free survival (93.3% vs 96.3%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 0.86-2.27; P = .18), regional recurrence-free survival (95.5% vs 96.7%; HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.81-2.36; P = .23), and distant metastasis-free survival (81.0% vs 82.0%; HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74-1.23; P = .72). The 5-, 10-, and 15-year disease-free survival rates in the MABS group were 85.9%, 72.6%, and 69.1%, respectively. The corresponding rates in the CBS group were 85.0%, 76.6%, and 70.7%. The intergroup differences were not significant (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.86-1.31; P = .55). The 5-, 10-, and 15-year overall survival rates in the MABS group were 92.0%, 83.7%, and 83.0%, respectively. The corresponding rates in the CBS group were 93.6%, 88.7%, and 81.0%. The intergroup differences were not significant (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.97-1.72; P = .09). Post hoc subgroup analysis showed no significant intergroup differences in disease-free survival.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, long-term outcomes following MABS were not significantly different from those following CBS in patients with early-stage breast cancer. MABS may be a safe and feasible alternative in this patient population.
Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with the risk factors of cardiovascular disease: Evaluation using the Japan step test from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Authors: So Rina , Murai Fumiko , Matsuo Tomoaki
Published: October 2022

Objective

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important factor for evaluating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We recently developed a novel method (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan step test [JST]) for evaluating CRF in workers; its criterion validity has been investigated. However, its association with health risk must be confirmed before its application in the workplace. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association of JST-evaluated CRF with the prevalence of CVD risk among Japanese workers.

Methods

For CRF evaluation, working adults completed the JST, which comprised a 3-minute stepping exercise and a 2-minute recovery period. Data on CVD risk factors and clinical history were collected through medical certification within 1 year from the date of the JST measurements. Participants were divided into three groups for multiple logistic regression analyses based on the JST values (low, moderate, and high). Odds ratios (ORs) for the prevalence of CVD risk were calculated.

Results

We recruited 885 working adults (46.4% women). The prevalence of CVD risk in the total population was 18.6%. When compared to the reference group (low CRF), the ORs for CVD risk prevalence after adjustments for lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption status, and exercise habits) were 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.63) and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.18–0.45) for the moderate and high groups, respectively.

Conclusion

An inverse association was noted between the JST-evaluated CRF and CVD risk prevalence. JST may be helpful for identifying workers at risk for CVD development.
Age‐ and disease‐specific reference values for neurofilament light presented in an online interactive support interface
Authors: Vermunt Lisa , Otte Marco , Verberk Inge M. W. , Killestein Joep , Lemstra Afina W. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Vijverberg Everard G. B. , Bouwman Femke H. , Gravesteijn Gido , van de Berg Wilma D. J. , Scheltens Philip , van Harten Argonde C. , Willemse Eline A. J. , Teunissen Charlotte E.
Published: October 2022

Interpretation of axonal damage biomarker Neurofilament Light chain (NfL) concentrations is difficult due to the lack of age‐specific and disease‐specific reference values. We here developed an interactive interface to support interpretation of NfL results in human body fluids. We used NfL values of 1698 individuals without a neurological disorder, aged 19–85 years, and patients with MS and dementias. Percentile regression estimates per diagnosis populate interactive graphs, alongside NfL background information (available on: https://mybiomarkers.shinyapps.io/Neurofilament). This accessible interface provides reference for interpretation of the individual patient results for clinicians. It showcases an adaptable method to support interpretation of age‐dependent biomarkers in neurology.
Strong and Tough Alumina Ceramic from the Particle‐Stabilized Foam
Authors: Sang Guolong , Wang Chao , Zhang Qifan , Zhao Shihui , Zhao Yi , Yang Minghao , He Ge , Xi Xiaoqing , Yang Jinlong
Published: October 2022

Strength and toughness are two vital and contradictory properties, especially in alumina structural ceramics. This mutual exclusion limits the widespread application of advanced alumina ceramics in harsh environments. To deal with this issue, self‐toughening alumina bulk ceramics without any ductile phase and with a unique combination of excellent toughness and reliable strength by combining the foam ceramics with hot‐pressing sintering are prepared. Foam ceramics with honeycomb cellular structures are prepared by particle‐stabilized foaming. Then, the foam ceramics is directly hot pressed sintered, in which the cellular structure is fractured into fragments and completely dense under pressure. Equiaxed grains that constituting the fragments grow anisotropically into plate‐like grains with a large diameter–thickness ratio during hot‐pressing sintering. Plate‐like grains improve the material's fracture toughness by exerting a toughening mechanism similar to that of fibers. The self‐toughening alumina ceramics exhibit a unique combination of high flexural strength (874 ± 31 MPa) and high fracture toughness (6.2 ± 0.1 MPa m1/2). The Vickers hardness also can reach 21 GPa. Herein, a new strategy with relatively simple processing to fabricate high‐performance ceramics based on the widespread ceramic processing techniques are provided.
Strukturaufklärung, Totalsynthese, In‐Vivo‐Aktivität und Potentieller Biosyntheseweg des Neuen Myxobakteriellen Antibiotikums Corramycin**
Authors: Couturier Cédric , Groß Sebastian , von Tesmar Alexander , Hoffmann Judith , Deckarm Selina , Fievet Anouchka , Dubarry Nelly , Taillier Thomas , Pöverlein Christoph , Stump Heike , Kurz Michael , Toti Luigi , Haag Richter Sabine , Schummer Dietmar , Sizun Philippe , Hoffmann Michael , Prasad Awal Ram , Zaburannyi Nestor , Harmrolfs Kirsten , Wink Joachim , Lessoud Emilie , Vermat Thierry , Cazals Veronique , Silve Sandra , Bauer Armin , Mourez Michael , Fraisse Laurent , Leroi‐Geissler Corinne , Rey Astrid , Versluys Stéphanie , Bacqué Eric , Müller Rolf , Renard Stephane
Published: October 2022

Im Folgenden beschreiben wir das aus dem Myxobakterium Corallococcus coralloides isolierte Antibiotikum Corramycin. Die lineare Peptidstruktur enthält eine bislang unbeschriebene (2R,3S)‐γ‐N‐Methyl‐β‐hydroxyhistidin‐Einheit. Corramycin weist eine anti‐Gram‐negative Aktivität gegen Escherichia coli (E. coli) auf und wird über zwei Tansportersysteme, SbmA und YejABEF, in die Zelle aufgenommen. Darüber hinaus wurde das Corramycin Biosynthese‐Gencluster (BGC) identifiziert und ein Biosyntheseweg bestimmt, welcher auf einer 12‐modularen nicht‐ribosomale Peptidsynthetase/Polyketidsynthase beruht. Die bioinformatische Analyse des BGC in Verbindung mit der Entwicklung einer Totalsynthese ermöglichte die Aufklärung der absoluten Konfiguration des Moleküls. Außerdem führte die intravenöse Verabreichung von 20–30 mg Corramycin pro kg Mausgewicht in einem E. coli‐Infektionsmodell zu einer 100 %igen Überlebensrate der Tiere ohne toxische Nebenwirkungen. Somit ist Corramycin ein vielversprechender Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung eines wirksamen antibakteriellen Arzneimittels gegen Krankenhausinfektionen.
Sustainable Design of Structural and Functional Polymers for a Circular Economy
Authors: von Vacano Bernhard , Mangold Hannah , Vandermeulen Guido W. M. , Battagliarin Glauco , Hofmann Maximilian , Bean Jessica , Künkel Andreas
Published: October 2022

To achieve a sustainable circular economy, polymer production must start transitioning to recycled and biobased feedstock and accomplish CO2 emission neutrality. This is not only true for structural polymers, such as in packaging or engineering applications, but also for functional polymers in liquid formulations, such as adhesives, lubricants, thickeners or dispersants. At their end of life, polymers must be either collected and recycled via a technical pathway, or be biodegradable if they are not collectable. Advances in polymer chemistry and applications, aided by computational material science, open the way to addressing these issues comprehensively by designing for recyclability and biodegradability. This Review explores how scientific progress, together with emerging regulatory frameworks, societal expectations and economic boundary conditions, paint pathways for the transformation towards a circular economy of polymers.
Multi‐copolymerization retouch butadiene styrene block polymer resin for dual temperature change curing of wood‐based interface
Authors: Cong Riyao , He Xiangning , Zhao Shuangliang , Gao Wei , Li Hong , Liang Shaojun , Liu Ming , Zhang Jianhui
Published: October 2022

Carboxylated styrene‐butadiene latex (XSBL), attributed to its insufficient adhesion and poor water resistance, cannot be widely popularized in the adhesive industry. Herein, a novel XSBL‐based resin with high‐strength yet water‐resistant was reported, in which the butadiene macromolecular chains were grafted with acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylic acid‐2 hydroxyethyl ester (HEA) molecules, the crosslinking sites were esterified and expanded to construct a branched network structure, and the matrix was filled with nano‐SiO2 particles treated by blending silane coupling agents. We show that the new resin, having a dual curing mechanism at low and high temperatures, can be glued under different conditions. At room temperature, the sample group with a doping level of 1.33 wt% could achieve an overload shear strength of 3.17 MPa after curing, which is 233.7% higher than the XSBL; in the high temperature curing regime, the glue strength reached 1.21 MPa, much higher than the standard for the use of GB Class I plywood (≥0.7 MPa). The physicochemical properties meet the requirements for potential industrialization, for which the property–structure relation has been extensively explored. Further DSC and TG tests provide evidence for their wide application in the hot pressing process of man‐made plywood.
Service performance of GF/Nano‐Al2O3/PA66 sucker rod centralizer in aqueous environment
Authors: Yan Yanhong , Yang Chengwen , Yan Pengjuan , Wang Peilong , Dong Wenbin , Jia Zhining
Published: October 2022

Sixteen groups of GF/Nano‐Al2O3/PA66 composite samples were prepared by injection molding process and orthogonal experimental design method. The water absorption, hardness, compressive strength, and tribological properties under water conditions were measured. The wear surface morphology and material transfer from mate pair were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the minimum friction coefficient of G25A1 ratio is 0.064, which is 54.3% and 72.2% lower than the two common used sucker rod centralizer materials, respectively; the wear rate of G20A7 is the minimum 7.46 × 10−5 mm3 (N m)−1, 63.6% and 19.9% lower than the two commonly used sucker rod centralizer materials, respectively; the water absorption, hardness and compression strength properties of 16 groups were improved; PA66 matrix composites with the best ratio of 20% GF and 7% Al2O3 were selected in this paper; the wear mechanism of the composite is fatigue wear and a little adhesive wear at moderate additive content, and it is easy to form a transfer film on the mating surface.
Psychic reality articulation in nonmainstream body modifications: A single‐case study
Authors: Londoño Diego E. , Gil Luisa F. , Marín Laura D.
Published: October 2022

Nonmainstream body modifications appear as a social and psychological phenomenon that has been explored from many angles: as identity construction, self‐ownership vindication or masking of mental distress. The purpose of this research is to approach this issue, implicating psychic reality constitution and the peculiar way a subject performing these modifications links the three registers of reality according to Lacan: the Real, the Symbolic and the Imaginary. A qualitative research on a single case was carried out, based on in‐depth interviews. The participant has performed multiple extreme body modifications within a transformation project he calls: “alien cyborg”. They include, tattoos, mutilations, and suspensions, among others. The interviews delivered several themes related to the three main categories corresponding to the Lacanian registers. The themes reveal the way the subject lives the body's jouissances and how he deals with them standing on each register. The body project as nomination of an unrepresentable inconsistency of the body and pain control, “normalcy” and “perfectionism” as main signifiers sustaining the whole chain, and a reshaping of the body image that can be sustained by the Other's gaze. The project raises as a means of building a specific connection with reality and projecting his body in a space where there seems to be no limitations.
Defects in the expression of colonic host defense factors associate with barrier dysfunction induced by a high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet
Authors: Valdes Jennifer , Gagné‐Sansfaçon Jessica , Reyes Vilcy , Armas Anny , Marrero Gisela , Moyo‐Muamba Mitterrand , Ramanathan Sheela , Perreault Nathalie , Ilangumaran Subburaj , Rivard Nathalie , Fortier Louis‐Charles , Menendez Alfredo
Published: October 2022

The effect of Western diets in the gastrointestinal system is largely mediated by their ability to promote alterations in the immunity and physiology of the intestinal epithelium, and to affect the composition of the commensal microbiota. To investigate the response of the colonic epithelium to high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diets (HFHCDs), we evaluated the synthesis of host defense factors involved in the maintenance of the colonic homeostasis. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFHCD for 3 weeks and their colons were evaluated for histopathology, gene expression, and microbiota composition. In addition, intestinal permeability and susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium were also studied. HFHCD caused colonic hyperplasia, loss of goblet cells, thinning of the mucus layer, moderate changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and an increase in intestinal permeability. Gene expression analyses revealed significant drops in the transcript levels of Muc1, Muc2, Agr2, Atoh1, Spdef, Ang4, Camp, Tff3, Dmbt1, Fcgbp, Saa3, and Retnlb. The goblet cell granules of HFHCD‐fed mice were devoid of Relmβ and Tff3, indicating defective production of those two factors critical for intestinal epithelial defense and homeostasis. In correspondence with these defects, colonic bacteria were in close contact with, and invading the epithelium. Fecal shedding of C. rodentium showed an increased bacterial burden in HFHCD‐fed animals accompanied by increased epithelial damage. Collectively, our results show that HFHCD perturbs the synthesis of colonic host defense factors, which associate with alterations in the commensal microbiota, the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and the host's susceptibility to enteric infections.
Resilience, and positive parenting in parents of children with syndromic autism and intellectual disability. Evidence from the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on family's quality of life and parent–child relationships
Authors: Bolbocean Corneliu , Rhidenour Kayla B. , McCormack Maria , Suter Bernhard , Holder Jimmy Lloyd
Published: October 2022

Family quality of life (FQoL) outcomes collected during the first year of COVID‐19 has been combined with 2018 data to estimate the outbreak's impact on parental outcomes on a sample of 230 families with syndromic autistic children and those with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Despite challenges imposed by the COVID‐19 outbreak, our study found that FQoL outcomes reported by participating parents during the first year of COVID‐19 appears to be similar to ratings from a prepandemic study of families with the same conditions. Parents of children in our sample generally displayed a stable functioning trajectory as measured by the validated FQoL instrument. Across syndromic autistic groups considered, families reported that their relationships with their children were positive. Our findings provide evidence of families' resilience which might explain the presence of positive parent–child interactions during COVID‐19. Exploring mechanisms which would explain how families with autistic and ID children confront, manage disruptive experiences, and buffer COVID‐19 induced stress is a fruitful direction for future research.
Synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated ketones with quaternary centers through regioselective hydroacylation of allenes with acyl chlorides
Authors: Yoon Subin , Lee Kyeongmin , Kamranifard Telma , Lee Yunmi
Published: October 2022

The one‐pot synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated ketones bearing all‐carbon quaternary centers at the α‐position via a highly regioselective hydroacylation of allenes using acyl chlorides and aluminum hydride is reported. The Cu‐catalyzed hydroalumination of 1,1‐disubstituted and 1,1,3‐trisubstituted allenes with diisobutylaluminum hydride resulted in allylaluminum reagents that underwent regioselective acylation in the presence of acid chlorides. Various derivatives of allenes and acyl chlorides were compatible with this process, and α‐quaternary ketones were obtained in high yields with excellent regioselectivity.
A medium‐weight deep convolutional neural network‐based approach for onset epileptic seizures classification in EEG signals
Authors: Nemati Nazanin , Meshgini Saeed
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Epileptic condition can be detected in EEG data seconds before it occurs, according to evidence. To overcome the related long‐term mortality and morbidity from epileptic seizures, it is critical to make an initial diagnosis, uncover underlying causes, and avoid applicable risk factors. Progress in diagnosing onset epileptic seizures can ensure that seizures and destroyed damages are detectable at the time of manifestation. Previous seizure detection models had problems with the presence of multiple features, the lack of an appropriate signal descriptor, and the time‐consuming analysis, all of which led to uncertainty and different interpretations. Deep learning has recently made tremendous progress in categorizing and detecting epilepsy.

Method

This work proposes an effective classification strategy in response to these issues. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to breakdown the EEG signal, and a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is used to diagnose epileptic seizures in the first phase. Using a medium‐weight DCNN (mw‐DCNN) architecture, we use a preprocess phase to improve the decision‐maker method. The proposed approach was tested on the CHEG‐MIT Scalp EEG database's collected EEG signals.

Result

The results of the studies reveal that the mw‐DCNN algorithm produces proper classification results under various conditions. To solve the uncertainty challenge, K‐fold cross‐validation was used to assess the algorithm's repeatability at the test level, and the accuracies were evaluated in the range of 99%–100%.

Conclusion

The suggested structure can assist medical specialistsin analyzing epileptic seizures' EEG signals more precisely.
Isolation and Reactivity of Stannylenoids Stabilized by Amido/Imino Ligands
Authors: Zhao Xuan‐Xuan , Fujimori Shiori , Kelly John A. , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: October 2022

The reaction of the lithium aryl(silyl)amide Dipp(iPr3Si)NLi (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with one equivalent of SnCl2 in THF gave a novel stannylenoid Dipp(iPr3Si)NSnCl⋅LiCl(THF)2. Heating the solution of amidostannylenoid in toluene to 80 °C resulted in dimeric amido(chloro)stannylene [Dipp(iPr3Si)NSnCl]2, which can be converted to bis(amido)stannylene Sn[N(Dipp)(iPr3Si)]2 and amido(imino)stannylene Sn[N(Dipp)(iPr3Si)][IPrN] (IPrN=bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐imino). Treatment of bis(imino)stannylenoid [IPrN]2Sn(Cl)Li with N2O resulted in the dimeric complex [IPrNSn(Cl)OLi]2. All compounds were characterized by NMR, elementary analysis, and X‐ray structural determination.
Synthesis of Vinylene‐Linked Thiopyrylium‐, Pyrylium‐, and Pyridinium‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks by Acid‐Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
Authors: Ji Haifeng , Yan Gaojie , Zou Peng , Wang Han , Li Mengke , Feng Yi , Qu Xiongwei , Geng Dongling , Shi Jingjing , Zhang Xiaojie
Published: October 2022

The development of new vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with special ionic structure and high stability is challenging. Herein, we report a facile, general method for constructing ionic vinylene‐linked thiopyrylium‐based COFs from 2,4,6‐trimethylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate and other common reagents by means of acid‐catalyzed Aldol condensation. Besides, pyrylium‐, and pyridinium‐based COFs also can be prepared from the same monomer under slightly different reaction conditions. The COFs exhibited uniform nanofibrous morphologies with excellent crystallinities, special ionic structures, well‐defined nanochannels, and high specific surface areas.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydropolymerization of Phosphine–Boranes at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Wiebe Matthew A. , Kundu Subrata , LaPierre Etienne A. , Patrick Brian O. , Manners Ian
Published: October 2022

Stoichiometric reaction of phosphine–borane adducts RR'PH⋅BH3 (R=Ph, R’=H, Ph, Et, and R=R’=tBu) with the strong acid HNTf2 (Tf=SO2CF3) leads to H2 elimination and the formation of the triflimido derivatives, RR'PH⋅BH2(NTf2). Subsequent deprotonation by using bases, such as diisopropylethylamine or the carbene IPr (IPr=N,N’‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene), led to the formation of P‐mono‐ or ‐disubstituted polyphosphinoboranes [RR'P‐BH2]n. Evidence for the intermediacy of transient phosphinoborane monomers, RR'PBH2, was provided by trapping reactions.
Energy‐efficient and cost‐effective separation model for solvent recovery from colloidal lignin particles dispersion
Authors: Khalati Elham , Bangalore Ashok Rahul Prasad , Oinas Pekka
Published: October 2022

Colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) are potentially one of the sustainable alternatives for petroleum‐based feedstock. CLPs address the heterogeneity of lignin by enhancing its homogeneous dispersion in aqueous phases. The main production steps are dissolving lignin in tetrahydrofuran, diluting the solution with ethanol, forming CLPs through self‐assembly after encountering water, recovering solvents, and finally drying CLPs. In this process, solvent recovery plays an important role in mitigating environmental problems. However, the formation of azeotropes makes the separation process energy‐intensive and costly. In this work, two separation methods, evaporation and distillation, are modelled in Aspen Plus® and compared based on their total annual costs (TACs). Sizing and cost estimations are conducted based on vendor quotations and using design and economic analyzer tools. Results show that distillation reduces costs by up to 37% compared to evaporation. Accordingly, as the main separation unit, distillation parameters are optimized based on the minimum TAC. For further assessment of the increase in the rate of costs by reaching nearly pure products, extractive distillation is simulated and examined. Results show that using an entrainer to enhance the tetrahydrofuran concentration from 88 to 99.5 wt.% substantially increases the TAC by over 50%. Finally, based on the results, the desired solvent recovery model is finalized by employing the rate‐based approach. Currently, studies with a focus on the techno‐economic assessment of pilot‐scale separation units are limited, and the developed model offers a good basis for designing optimal solvent recovery units, related to processes where lignin is dissolved, prior to commercialization.
Clinical review: The suggested management pathway for urticaria in primary care
Authors: Ryan Dermot , Tanno Luciana K. , Angier Elizabeth , Clark Evangéline , Price David , Zuberbier Torsten , Maurer Marcus
Published: October 2022

Background

Urticaria is a common condition presenting both as acute and chronic disease within primary care. To those without specialist training it is poorly understood from the points of view of diagnosis and management. It causes a considerable disease burden to sufferers with marked impact on quality of life.

Purpose of this review

The recent publication of the EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI Guideline for the Definition, Classification, Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria guideline prompted us to take this excellent resource and re‐configure its findings and recommendations to a non‐specialist audience with particular reference to the needs of the primary care team.
An interdisciplinary approach to characterize peanut‐allergic patients—First data from the FOOD@ consortium
Authors: Worm Margitta , Alexiou Aikaterina , Höfer Veronika , Birkner Till , Jeanrenaud Alexander C. S. N. , Fauchère Florent , Pazur Kristijan , Steinert Carolin , Arnau‐Soler Aleix , Banerjee Priyanka , Diefenbach Andreas , Dobbertin‐Welsch Josefine , Dölle‐Bierke Sabine , Francuzik Wojciech , Ghauri Ahla , Heller Stephanie , Kalb Birgit , Löber Ulrike , Marenholz Ingo , Markó Lajos , Scheffel Jörg , Potapenko Olena , Roll Stephanie , Lau Susanne , Lee Young‐Ae , Braun Julian , Thiel Andreas , Babina Magda , Altrichter Sabine , Forslund Sofia Kirke , Beyer Kirsten
Published: October 2022

Background

Peanut allergy is a frequent cause of food allergy and potentially life‐threatening. Within this interdisciplinary research approach, we aim to unravel the complex mechanisms of peanut allergy. As a first step were applied in an exploratory manner the analysis of peanut allergic versus non‐allergic controls.

Methods

Biosamples were studied regarding DNA methylation signatures, gut microbiome, adaptive and innate immune cell populations, soluble signaling molecules and allergen‐reactive antibody specificities. We applied a scalable systems medicine computational workflow to the assembled data.

Results

We identified combined cellular and soluble biomarker signatures that stratify donors into peanut‐allergic and non‐allergic with high specificity. DNA methylation profiling revealed various genes of interest and stool microbiota differences in bacteria abundances.

Conclusion

By extending our findings to a larger set of patients (e.g., children vs. adults), we will establish predictors for food allergy and tolerance and translate these as for example, indicators for interventional studies.