bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Art-horror’ and ‘hardcore art-horror’ at the margins: Experimentation and extremity in contemporary independent horror
Authors: Falvey Eddie
Published: March 2021

The changing forms of contemporary horror have been the subject of much discussion, both in popular journalism and scholarship. Amid an on-going discussion on the arrival and characteristics of what has been contentiously termed ‘post-horror’, this article seeks to situate recent independent American horror within the context of the recent art film, in keeping with the work of Geoff King, as well as the traditions of ‘art-horror’ as it has been referred to by Joan Hawkins. Using a series of examples taken from recent independent horror – including A Ghost Story (David Lowery 2017) and The Lighthouse (Robert Eggers 2019), as well as the micro-budget independent films of Phil Stevens – Falvey makes use of King’s work to explore the textual characteristics of recent ‘art-horror’. Falvey argues that films iterative of this mode employ experimentation and extremity (in various forms) to discursively position the films away from more generically recognizable studio horror films in a bid for critical distinction.
Less is more: The horror of suggestion in Jacques Tourneur’s Cat People
Authors: Parrish Jordan
Published: March 2021

Someone, or something, is following Alice (Jane Randolph). In the famous scene from Jacques Tourneur’s Cat People (1942), Irena (Simone Simon), who is married to the man with whom Alice just went out, tails Alice as she walks home. While Irena appears to stop following her at one point, it is here that Alice notices she is being followed by something else. She sees and hears nothing, but somehow feels that something, invisible, unseen, is nevertheless in close proximity. Certainly a classic horror scene, Tourneur nevertheless takes here an unusual approach to scaring audiences. Instead of directly showing its horror element, Irena as a cat person, Cat People instead suggests its presence. The subtle way in which Tourneur films this horrific scene seems at odds with conventional definitions of the horror genre, frequently defined in scholarship by its depictions of excess. By reorienting our relation to the horror genre in this way, Tourneur creates a concept that forces us to rethink the genre’s parameters, aspects and definitions. This article argues that Tourneur’s films centre around a main concept, suggestion and that this conceptual creation makes him, in turn, a philosopher of horror who pushes our understandings of the genre into unconventional directions. Through a close analysis of suggestive horror in Cat People and his other films, I argue that this suggestive style of horror is just as effective and horrific as the excessive one, that it is neither better nor worse, but achieves similar ends through different means. The article proceeds with three main objectives: to define Tourneur’s concept of suggestion with the associated problem of caricature to which it responds, to delineate the formal ways that Tourneur’s horror philosophy appears in suggestion-images and to place Tourneur’s philosophy of suggestion in conversation with existing horror scholarship that defines the genre through excess. By doing so, I argue that Tourneur’s philosophy, as evidenced in Cat People, forces us to think differently about the horror genre than ways which posit excess as its defining feature, ultimately envisioning a heretofore untheorized aspect of the genre: the horror of suggestion.
Answering Lovecraft: Clive Barker’s embodied fiction
Authors: Carbonell Curtis D.
Published: March 2021

This article asks how Clive Barker responds to H. P. Lovecraft as a horror writer. It sees in Barker a particular example of how cosmic horror emerges, even as expected Gothic tropes become renewed with interesting variations. In particular, it foregrounds a resistance by Barker to Lovecraft’s insistence that the Weird be a place where writers hint at the monsters that cause ultimate dread rather than drawing them. Barker, though, refuses to balk at such a demand, channelling the same instinct that the later Lovecraft himself developed in categorizing with scientific-like granularity the often horrific particulars of the monstrous. This article poses the Cenobites as a fitting example of how Barker combines cosmic and Gothic tropes, both within the frames of the posthuman and draconic, even as they morphed within a shared universe rooted in a Christianized metanarrative. It focuses on The Scarlet Gospels as the most fitting text in which Barker demonstrates his ability to represent the unrepresentable, a dominant concept within fruitful theorizing by thinkers as diverse as Eugene Thacker, Graham Harman and Thomas Ligotti.
Lost in the funhouse: Allegorical horror and cognitive mapping in Jordan Peele’s Us
Authors: Booker M. Keith , Daraiseh Isra
Published: March 2021

Jordan Peele’s Us (2019) is an entertaining horror film that also contains a number of interesting interpretive complications. The film is undoubtedly meant as a commentary on the inequity, inequality and injustice that saturate our supposedly egalitarian American society. Beyond that vague and general characterization, though, the film offers a number of interesting (and more specific) allegorical interpretations, none of which in themselves seem quite adequate. This article explores the plethora of signs that circulate through Us, demanding interpretation but defeating any definitive interpretation. This article explores the way Us offers clues to its meaning through engagement with the horror genre in general (especially the home invasion subgenre) and through dialogue with specific predecessors in the horror genre. At the same time, we investigate the rich array of other ways in which the film offers suggested political interpretations, none of which seem quite adequate. We then conclude, however, that such interpretive failures might well be a key message of the film, which demonstrates the difficulty of fully grasping the complex and difficult social problems of contemporary American society in a way that can be well described by Fredric Jameson’s now classic vision of the general difficulty of cognitive mapping in the late capitalist world.
Evaluación neuropsicológica y plan de tratamiento de un caso de demencia tipo Alzheimer
Authors: Tarazaga Muñoz María Isabel
Published: March 2021

Entre el 50-70% de las demencias son debidas a la enfermedad del Alzheimer. Este trabajo trata un posible caso de Alzheimer en una mujer de 77 años de edad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las funciones neuropsicológicas mediante test neuropsicológicos. Asimismo realizar un plan de tratamiento neuropsicológico individualizado. Las pruebas utilizadas fueron el Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo de Lobo (MEC), el Test del Reloj (TDR), la Escala Blessed, el Test de Denominación de Boston, el Trail Making Test, el Test de Gnosias de Poppelreuter y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg.
Neuropsicología de la empatía
Authors: Romero Godoy Sara Raquel
Published: March 2021

La empatía ha sido ampliamente estudiada por numerosas disciplinas a lo largo de la historia, pero a pesar de ello en la actualidad no hay una base clara y unificada de lo que es la empatía y las bases neuronales de la misma. Objetivo: Unificar los diferentes conceptos de empatía y revisar las distintas bases neuronales descubiertas hasta la actualidad con la finalidad de poder recopilar, esclarecer y sintetizar todos los descubrimientos. Con ello se pretende alcanzar una visión clara y concisa de lo que es la empatía y que mecanismos anatomofisiológicos son los encargados de la misma. Desarrollo: La visión actual de la empatía es multidimensional, estando integrada por un componente afectivo, las neuronas espejo principalmente, y por un componente cognitivo, que es la Teoría de la Mente. Conclusión: El componente afectivo está constituido por una cadena de neuronas espejo que es el componente esencial y en el que participa la imitación, la comprensión y el lenguaje. El componente cognitivo está ligado a la corteza prefrontal principalmente y a la encrucijada temporo-parietal (en adelante ETP).
Eficacia de la Musicoterapia en la disminución de Conductas Repetitivas en personas con Trastornos del Espectro Autista
Authors: Ríos Alhambra José , Piqueras Rodríguez José Antonio , Martínez-González Agustín Ernesto
Published: March 2021

En la actualidad, pocas discapacidades despiertan tanta preocupación e inquietud como los Trastornos del Espectro Autista. Este trastorno que hasta hace pocos años era conocido solo por las familias de los afectados y unos pocos profesionales, en la actualidad ha pasado a ser motivo de preocupación científica y social. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar la eficacia de la musicoterapia con técnicas pasivas, mediante la audición de música clásica, con el fin de disminuir las conductas repetitivas que presentan este colectivo. Para ello, se realizó durante tres meses un estudio cuasi-experimental, con diseño pretest-postest, disponiendo de una muestra de 36 personas, de las cuales 20 formaron el grupo experimental y 16 el grupo control. Para la evaluación y selección de usuarios, se utilizó la Escala de Conductas Repetitivas (Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised) y un registro de musicoterapia para cada sesión. Los resultados indicaron parámetros que muestran una leve mejoría en el postest respecto del pretest en el grupo de tratamiento y un incremento en todas las puntuaciones del registro de musicoterapia utilizado en cada sesión y cumplimentado por el equipo de atención directa del recurso de alojamiento y convivencia donde se realiza este estudio. Teniendo en cuenta el corto tiempo de la intervención y los resultados obtenidos, se puede plantear que se trata de una terapia efectiva a la hora de aliviar dichas conductas y aumentar su bienestar y calidad de vida. No obstante, es preciso realizar más estudios al respecto.
Alteraciones Neuropsicológicas Secundarias a la Resección de un Subependimoma del IV Ventrículo: Estudio de un caso
Authors: López Gómez Laura
Published: March 2021

Los subependimomas son neoplasias del sistema nervioso central de lento crecimiento y escasa prevalencia y sintomatología asociada, que han sido clasificados por la OMS en grado histopatológico I. En este estudio se pretende mostrar el estado neuropsicológico de un paciente diagnosticado y tratado de un subependimoma del IV ventrículo, con el objetivo de encontrar posibles afectaciones cognitivas asociadas a la presencia del tumor.
Eficacia de un Programa de Intervención Neuropsicológica en un caso de TDAH y Dislexia
Authors: Castelló Corbacho Nadia
Published: March 2021

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con/sin Hiperactividad (TDAH en adelante) y la Dislexia presenta una alta comorbilidad que dificulta el desarrollo global de niños y adolescentes. La Dislexia se asocia a dificultades en la lecto-escritura. Sin embargo, ambos trastornos muestran una relación con déficits neuropsicológicos como en la memoria de trabajo, dificultades visomotoras, problemas en la secuenciación, etc. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficacia de un programa de intervención neuropsicológica a través de una evaluación pre – post en el caso de una niña que presenta TDAH subtipo inatento y dislexia. Los resultados de nuestro estudio encuentran, tras la intervención neuropsicológica, que se hallan leves mejorías en la lecto-escritura y a nivel neuropsicológico. Futuros estudios deberán aumentar la muestra.
Aplicación de un programa de habilidades sociales a una persona con Síndrome de Down
Authors: Gutiérrez Delgado Ignacio
Published: March 2021

Las personas con síndrome de Down, en el afán de conseguir esos principios de normalización e integración social, deben poseer unos mínimos conocimientos académicos. De igual forma e importancia, es fundamental la adquisición de destrezas en habilidades de autonomía personal y habilidades sociales, las cuales se aprenderán de forma inadecuada si no se emplean con ellos programas adaptados a sus características. Fruto de la observación y del conocimiento de los alumnos he podido identificar carencias significativas en torno a las habilidades sociales básicas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficacia de un programa de intervención adaptado e individualizado, en el caso de un alumno que presenta habilidades sociales disruptivas. Los resultados son positivos, ya que el alumno ha adquirido mejores estrategias para relacionarse socialmente.
El volumen de los ganglios basales predice el rendimiento en velocidad de procesamiento en adolescentes con obesidad
Authors: Matés I. , Ottino-González J. , Prats-Soteras X. , Jurado M.A. , Segura B. , García-García I. , Caldú X. , Sánchez-Castañeda C. , Luís-Ruiz S. , Sender M.J. , Sánchez-Garre C. , Miró N. , Font T. , Garolera M.
Published: March 2021

La obesidad se ha relacionado con cambios estructurales en los ganglios basales y alteraciones en dominios transversales como la velocidad de procesamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar la relación entre velocidad de procesamiento y volumen de los ganglios basales en adolescentes con y sin obesidad. Treinta y tres participantes obesos y treinta y tres con peso normal fueron resonados (Siemens 3T Trio) y evaluados neuropsicológicamente. Se compararon los resultados de un índice de velocidad y la ratio de los ganglios basales controlando por edad, sexo y tamaño de la cabeza. Se realizaron regresiones lineales con las estructuras relacionadas con este índice. Se encontraron diferencias en el índice de velocidad, pero no en la ratio de los ganglios basales. El grupo con obesidad mostró una correlación positiva entre velocidad y ratio del globo pálido derecho (r= .41; p= .021). No hallamos relaciones significativas en el grupo normopeso. La ratio del globo pálido derecho predijo parte del rendimiento en velocidad en adolescentes obesos. Las diferencias en velocidad de procesamiento entre adolescentes con y sin obesidad podrían estar moderadas por el tamaño de estructuras subcorticales como el globo pálido.
Desarrollo de la Teoría de la Mente entre los 5 y 6 años
Authors: Rivas-García S.M. , Hidalgo-Ruzzante Natalia , Gutiérrez-García G. , Bergés G.D. , Caracuel A.
Published: March 2021

La teoría de la mente (ToM) es la capacidad para reconocer los estados mentales de otras personas y de uno mismo para así poder actuar en consecuencia. Los objetivos fueron determinar si la adquisición de los ítems que sirven para evaluar la ToM entre los 5 y 6 años sigue una estructura jerárquica y cuáles son sus relaciones con otros factores. Método: 73 niños con una media de edad de 6.2 años fueron evaluados con una escala de la ToM de 7 ítems adaptados al español y una subescala de lenguaje pragmático. El análisis de Rasch mostró que la adquisición de los ítems de la escala de la ToM sigue un orden jerárquico, ligeramente distinto al de otras culturas. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas de ítems de la ToM con lenguaje pragmático y convivencia con hermanos/as. El desarrollo de los diferentes hitos que componen la Teoría de la Mente entre los 5 y 6 años se produce de forma jerárquica, con un orden que varía entre diferentes culturas. La adquisición de varios hitos de la ToM a estas edades se asocia con el grado de desarrollo de la capacidad lingüística pragmática de los niños/as y su convivencia con hermanos/as, especialmente si son hermanos/as mayores.
Metabolitos de la microbiota intestinal implicados en el trastorno del espectro autista
Authors: Andreo-Martínez Pedro , García-Martínez Nuria , Sánchez-Samper Elvira P. , Quesada-Medina Joaquín , MacFabe Derrick
Published: March 2021

En los últimos años, ha habido un aumento de los estudios que buscan comprender la relación existente entre el microbiota intestinal (MI) con el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), que debe producirse a través del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro. A pesar de que los distintos autores señalan que los cambios encontrados en distintos filos, familias y géneros bacterianos están implicados en el TEA, no hay consenso científico a día de hoy. Algunos autores apuntan a la posible relación existente entre dichas poblaciones bacterianas con ciertos productos de excreción o metabolitos como el ácido propiónico ya que aparecen con frecuencia en niños con TEA. Aunque en los últimos años la MI comienza a acumular evidencia científica, en términos de neurociencia, el estudio de la metabolómica asociada a la misma y los mecanismos mediante los cuales estos metabolitos pueden influir en la aparición y desarrollo del TEA aún permanece en sus primeros estadios.
Propiedades de la ingesta de aceite de coco en pacientes con Alzheimer
Authors: Martínez-Pizarro Sandra
Published: March 2021

El aceite de coco está formado por ácidos grasos que se pueden convertir en cetonas. Los cuerpos cetónicos son una fuente de energía alternativa en el cerebro, y pueden ser beneficiosos para los individuos con Alzheimer. En los últimos años se ha sugerido el uso del aceite de coco en dichos enfermos para mejorar sus funciones cognitivas. Los resultados muestran que activa la cetogénesis, mejora la orientación, el lenguaje, memoria y es neuroprotector. No obstante, es fundamental incrementar los estudios para corroborar la eficacia, y efectos a largo plazo; para ofrecer a los pacientes los mejores cuidados basados en la evidencia más actual.
Efecto prebiótico de la alcachofa y su relación con las enfermedades mentales
Authors: Andreo-Martínez Pedro , García-Martínez Nuria , García-Martínez Soledad
Published: March 2021

La alcachofa es un vegetal muy apreciado en la dieta mediterránea debido a sus altos valores nutricionales y farmacológicos. La alcachofa presenta un alto contenido en minerales, vitaminas y compuestos fenólicos. Además, contiene altos niveles de inulina, carbohidrato no digerible en tracto gastrointestinal humano, que ejerce una acción prebiótica interesante sobre algunas bacterias de la microbiota intestinal. El consumo de inulina ha sido asociado al crecimiento de bacterias que producen ácido láctico y aumenta la cantidad de Bifidobacterium y Akkermancia muciniphila, entre otras, y disminuye los cocos grampositivos en humanos y ratones. Los efectos que la ingesta de inulina ejerce sobre la conducta y la cognición varían según la dosis, ya sea combinada con alimentos o no, y el tiempo durante el cual se consume. Aunque la inulina ha sido ampliamente estudiada en alimentación, existen pocos estudios sobre el efecto que ésta ejerce sobre el comportamiento y la salud mental. Por lo tanto, futuros estudios deberían considerar el posible efecto beneficioso de la ingesta de inulina sobre las diferentes enfermedades mentales.
Expresión del dolor en niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista Severo: Estudio piloto con la escala NCCP-C
Authors: Cárcel López María Dolores , Ferrando Prieto Mercedes
Published: March 2021

El perfil neurobiológico asociado a las personas con autismo dificulta su forma de identificar y expresar el dolor, lo que se traduce en una merma de su calidad de vida. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es conocer la idiosincrasia que rodea la expresión del dolor en las personas con autismo y discapacidad intelectual. Diez niños de 7 a 12 años con autismo severo (edad M= 14.4 años, DT= 3.50; todos ellos hombres). Participaron en este estudio. Se recogió información sobre los episodios de dolor utilizando la escala NCCP-C. Sus puntuaciones fueron comparadas con las de la muestra normativa para niños con discapacidad intelectual obtenida por Breau et al. (1) (edad M =10; DT = 4.4; 40.07% mujeres).Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las áreas social (el alumno TEA evita la interacción social y rechaza el consuelo; mientras que otras discapacidades buscan más el consuelo del adulto), actividad (se dan más fluctuaciones en su actividad física) y psicofisiológica (alteraciones más notables en el sueño).
Structural Equations Model in Negative Affection, Self- Forgiveness, and Procrastination
Authors: Nemati Shahrooz , Shojaeian Nazila , Gergeri Rahim Badr , Lynn Richard
Published: March 2021

The current research was conducted to determine the mediating role of negative Affection toward self- forgiveness, and procrastination in male students of the University of Tabriz. Therefore, 361 male students between 18-22 were selected by a random cluster sampling method from three groups of Technical and engineering, basic science and human science faculties. The General Procrastination, Decisional Procrastination, Positive and Negative Affect, and Heartland Forgiveness inventories were used to gather the data. The theoretical model was tested within a structural equation- modelling framework to identify both direct and indirect effects. The results indicate an overall fit model. Although the direct effects of self-forgiveness on decisional and general procrastination behaviours were not significant, thus, an indirect impact of self-forgiveness on the decisional and general procrastination behaviours were fully mediated by negative affection. Also, the effect of self-forgiveness on negative affect and academic procrastination, the training was essential for students.
Towards a Generic Framework for Trustworthy Program Refactoring
Authors: Horpácsi Dániel , Kőszegi Judit , Németh Dávid J.
Published: March 2021

Refactoring has to preserve the dynamics of the transformed program
with respect to a particular definition of semantics and behavioral
equivalence. Apparently, it is always challenging to relate executable
refactoring implementations with the formal semantics of the transformed
language. There are a number of approaches to specifying program
transformations on various kinds of program models, but trustworthiness of
refactoring is still to be improved by means of formal verification. We
propose a specification formalism and a generic framework for its
processing, which claims to allow semi-automatic execution and formal
verification, as well as to be adaptable to multiple paradigms.
Természetes jelzések a megbízó-ügynök koalíció jövedelmének hitelesítésében
Authors: Kaliczka Nándor , Naffa Helena
Published: March 2021

A cikk a megbízó és ügynöke közötti jövedelemelosztási kérdések teoretikus gyökereit kutatja. A megbízóügynök kapcsolatot jellemző információs aszimmetria és kölcsönös bizalmatlanság következtében szükség van olyan objektív, mérhető jövedelemkategóriák meghatározására, amelyek csak nagy erőfeszítésekkel manipulálhatók. Ezt az igényt a teljes körű elszámolás megvalósításával képzett jövedelem minden kétséget kizáróan kielégíti. Folyamatosan működő megbízó-ügynök kapcsolatokat feltételezve azonban ez az elszámolás a gyakorlatban szinte megvalósíthatatlan. Ebből kifolyólag, a megbízó-ügynök kapcsolatok esetében, olyan diszkrét időszakokhoz kötött jövedelemkategóriák használatára kényszerülünk, melyek a gyakorlatban is alkalmazhatók. Ezek a jövedelemkategóriák segítséget nyújtanak a megbízó és ügynöke által alkotott koalíció jövedelmének, és egyben az ügynök teljesítményének megbízható méréséhez. A cikkben választ keresünk arra, hogy az egyes jövedelemkategóriák milyen szinten elégítik ki a megbízó által támasztott objektivitási és manipulálhatatlansági kritériumokat. A cikkben részletesen tárgyaljuk az egyes jövedelemkategóriákhoz tartozó bizonytalanságokat és manipulációs lehetőségeket, valamint az ezek hatását elimináló természetes jelzések létét. A cikkben továbbá arra is választ keresünk, hogy a természetes jelzések mennyire torzítják az ügynök által közölni kívánt információkat.
Prevalência da doença renal crônica em portadores de hipertensão arterial
Authors: Da Silva Lucas Saraiva , Pereira Daniele Francine , Lage Mário Renato Grillo , Da Silva Luciana Saraiva , Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre
Published: March 2021

A doença renal crônica (DRC) representa um grave problema de saúde pública e sua prevalência tem um incremento anual de 8 a 16%. No Brasil, 10 milhões de indivíduos apresentam algum grau de alteração renal e mais de um milhão de pessoas morrem anualmente em todo o mundo devido a DRC terminal. Idosos, obesos, portadores de hipertensão arterial (HA) ou diabetes mellitus (DM), são os grupos mais propensos a problemas renais. Destaca-se que a DRC cursa de forma silenciosa e sua evolução depende da qualidade do atendimento ofertado muito antes da falência renal. Identificar a prevalência de DRC oculta por meio da estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) em portadores de HA cadastrados na atenção primária à saúde (APS) em um município do interior de Minas Gerais. Estudo transversal com os portadores de HA acompanhados pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Porto Firme, Minas Gerais, em 2012 e 2013. Participaram do estudo 293 indivíduos, correspondendo a 42% dos portadores de HA do município. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, avaliações clínica (valores de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica), antropométrica (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e índice de massa corporal) e bioquímica (creatinina sérica e relação albumina/creatinina urinária). Para a identificação da ocorrência de DRC, utilizou-se a fórmula CKD-EPI. Considerou-se portador de DRC os indivíduos com TFG < que 60 mL/min/1,73m². A maioria dos indivíduos avaliados era do sexo feminino (74%), idosos (69%), com baixa renda (90%), baixa escolaridade (84%) e com excesso de peso (66,9%). Encontrou-se prevalência de DRC de 38,6% (IC 95%: 33,0 – 44,2), sendo 33,1%; 4,1% e 1,4% classificados nos estágios 3A, 3B e 4, respectivamente. A TFG média foi 64,0 (dp=14,0) mL/min/1,73m², com mínimo de 15,6 e máximo de 106,7 mL/min/1,73m². O estudo revelou uma prevalência alarmante da DRC na população de estudo, demonstrando o papel significativo da APS no diagnóstico precoce por meio da inclusão rotineira do cálculo da TFG estimada como um dado complementar aos resultados das dosagens de creatinina sérica, a fim de diagnosticar a DRC nos seus estágios iniciais e evitar sua progressão, reduzir gastos no tratamento e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Por fim, enfatiza-se a necessidade de ações de prevenção de agravos e enfermidades e promoção da saúde.
Associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo no primeiro mês de vida
Authors: Soares Marcela Martins , Silva Mariane Alves , Fonsêca Poliana Cristina de Almeida , Vieira Sarah Aparecida , Araújo Raquel Maria Amaral , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro
Published: March 2021

O leite materno é considerado alimento completo e ideal para a alimentação ótima das crianças. Diante disso, a Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda que o mesmo seja ofertado de forma exclusiva até o sexto mês e de forma complementar até os 2 anos ou mais. Entretanto, existem diversos fatores socioeconômicos que podem influenciar a execução desta prática, dentre os quais se destacam a baixa escolaridade, idade materna, condições de parto ou falta de informação decorrente a não realização do pré-natal, pouca disponibilidade de tempo e, ou, falta de apoio psicológico e emocional, fato estes que justificam a realização deste trabalho. Avaliar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo no primeiro mês de vida. Estudo transversal com 226 crianças de Viçosa-MG. Durante entrevistas realizadas com os responsáveis foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado contendo questões referentes à situação sociodemográfica. Para a classificação do tipo de aleitamento materno (exclusivo, predominante, complementar e misto), utilizou-se as definições adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. As análises foram realizadas utilizando o software Stata versão 10.0. Na análise bivariada estimou-se a razão de prevalência e intervalo de confiança pela Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, sendo as variáveis com valor de p<0,20 incluídas no modelo múltiplo. A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo no primeiro mês foi de 45,6%. Após a análise múltipla, o chefe da família e a sua escolaridade se associaram com o aleitamento materno exclusivo, de modo que filhos de chefe com maior escolaridade (RP=0,55; IC95%:0,42 – 0,73) apresentaram menor prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo no primeiro mês de vida. Conclui-se que a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo no primeiro mês de vida é baixa. Quando o chefe da família é o marido há maior prevalência do aleitamento materno de forma exclusiva no primeiro mês, fato este que pode estar relacionado a não preocupação materna em voltar a trabalhar para sustentar a família. No que se refere à escolaridade, percebeu-se que quando esta é maior ou igual a nove anos, o aleitamento materno exclusivo neste período é mais frequente, tal situação mostra a importância do conhecimento familiar sobre os benefícios da prática do aleitamento materno, o qual torna-se mais acessível quando há maior escolaridade.
Fatores sociodemográficos associados ao consumo de cálcio em crianças de 6 a 12 meses de vida
Authors: Silva Mariane Alves , Soares Marcela Martins , Fonsêca Poliana Cristina de Almeida , Vieira Sarah Aparecida , De Novaes Juliana Farias , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro
Published: March 2021

O cálcio é considerado um nutriente indispensável para o crescimento e desenvolvimento ósseo, além de participar das funções biológicas do organismo. Estudos têm mostrado a relação entre o consumo adequado de cálcio na infância com a prevenção de doenças como osteoporose, hipertensão arterial e obesidade na vida adulta, justificando-se a importância da avaliação da ingestão desse nutriente em crianças. Investigar a relação entre fatores sociodemográficos e o consumo de cálcio em crianças a partir da introdução da alimentação complementar. Estudo de coorte, com 226 crianças, realizado no período de 2011 a 2013 no município de Viçosa-MG. Foi aplicado ao responsável um questionário semiestruturado para obtenção de informações referentes à situação sociodemográfica da criança. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um recordatório de 24 horas com o responsável pela criança no sexto, nono ou décimo segundo mês de vida. Os dados do consumo alimentar foram avaliados segundo as Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Utilizou-se AI (Adequate Intake) como referência para o cálcio. Considerou-se para a classificação econômica o modelo proposto pela Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais (ABEP, 2010), o qual leva em consideração itens de posse do individuo e grau de instrução do chefe da família. Os indivíduos são divididos nas classes: A, B, C, D e E, sendo que a classe econômica A é a que possui uma maior renda familiar. As análises foram realizadas no software Stata versão 10.0. Na análise bivariada dos fatores associados ao consumo de cálcio abaixo da AI, estimou-se a razão de prevalência e intervalo de confiança pela regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, sendo as variáveis com valor de p<0,20 incluídas no modelo múltiplo. A prevalência de consumo de cálcio abaixo da recomendação foi de 27,0%. Observou-se que crianças classificadas na categoria C, D e E (RP: 0,77; IC95%: 0,64 – 0,91) e do sexo feminino (RP: 0,79; IC95%: 0,65 – 0,95) apresentaram menor risco de consumo de cálcio abaixo da recomendação. Crianças pertencentes a famílias com mais de 4 pessoas no domicílio (RP: 1,21; IC95%: 1,001 – 1,46) tiveram uma prevalência 21% vezes maior do consumo de cálcio abaixo da AI. Encontrou-se uma maior adequação do consumo de cálcio em crianças do sexo feminino e cuja família se encontrava na categoria C, D e E. Uma possível explicação se deva ao fato do maior consumo de mingaus e preparações à base de leite nos níveis socioeconômicos inferiores, principalmente nas pequenas refeições, em substituição ao consumo de frutas. Entretanto, as crianças residentes em domicílios com mais que 4 pessoas apresentaram inadequado consumo de cálcio.
Do Children With Functional Abdominal Pain Benefit More From a Pain-Specific Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Than From an Unspecific Attention Control Intervention? Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Warschburger Petra , Calvano Claudia , Becker Sebastian , Ebinger Friedrich , Hudert Christian , Iven Enno , Posovszky Carsten , Winter Sibylle-Maria , Daubmann Anne , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Wegscheider Karl
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) among children with functional abdominal pain with an attention control (AC), hypothesizing the superiority of CBT group intervention regarding pain intensity (primary outcome), pain duration and frequency (further primary outcomes), functional disability, and quality of life and coping strategies (key secondary outcomes).

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled efficacy trial (RCT) with 4 time points (before intervention, after intervention, 3-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up). One hundred twenty-seven children aged 7–12 years were randomized to either the CBT (n = 63; 55.6% girls) or the AC (n = 64; 57.8% girls).

RESULTS:

Primary endpoint analysis of the logarithmized area under the pain intensity curve showed no significant difference between groups (mean reduction = 49.04%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −19.98%–78.36%). Treatment success rates were comparable (adjusted odds ratio = 0.53, 95% CI 0.21–1.34, number needed to treat = 16). However, time trend analyses over the course of 1 year revealed a significantly greater reduction in pain intensity (40.9%, 95% CI 2.7%–64.1%) and pain duration (43.6%, 95% CI 6.2%–66.1%) in the CBT compared with the AC, but not in pain frequency per day (1.2, 95% CI −2.7 to 5.2). In the long term, children in the CBT benefitted slightly more than those in the AC with respect to functional disability, quality of life, and coping strategies.

DISCUSSION:

Both interventions were effective, which underlines the role of time and attention for treatment efficacy. However, in the longer term, CBT yielded more favorable results.
Small Intestine Varices in Cirrhosis at a High-Volume Liver Transplant Center: A Retrospective Database Study and Literature Review
Authors: Jansson-Knodell Claire L. , Calderon Gerardo , Weber Regina , Ghabril Marwan
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Esophageal varices are a well-characterized sequela of portal hypertension; however, less is known about varices arising in ectopic locations. We aimed to describe bleeding small intestine varices (SIV) in patients with cirrhosis and compare characteristics and outcomes to published case reports.

METHODS:

We performed an institutional chart review using billing codes and natural language processing between 2008 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with cirrhosis and SIV verified by endoscopy, video capsule, or imaging. Patients with noncirrhotic portal hypertension and stomal varices were excluded. We examined demographic and clinical factors, characteristics of SIV, bleeding, intervention, and outcomes in our series and collated data from published cases identified during a literature review.

RESULTS:

We identified 71 patients with cirrhosis and SIV (18 bled). The literature search yielded 76 cases with bleeding SIV. Our series and published cases were matched for age, sex, liver disease etiology, and SIV location. Length of stay and transfusion requirements were similar. Aggregate initial treatments (number, hemostasis rate) included medical (n = 7, 57%), endoscopic (n = 48, 56%), interventional radiology (n = 31, 77%), and surgery (n = 8, 87%). Hospital and overall mortality rates were higher in our series (22% and 38%) compared with the published cases (5.3% and 18.4%), respectively (P = 0.02 and P = 0.07).

DISCUSSION:

A quarter of patients with cirrhosis and SIV experience bleeding, with high transfusion requirements, frequent need for secondary interventions, and high mortality. These findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach and second-line therapeutic modalities in the timely management of bleeding SIV in cirrhosis.
Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by On-Therapy Response of Noninvasive Fibrosis Markers in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Nam Heechul , Lee Sung Won , Kwon Jung Hyun , Lee Hae Lim , Yoo Sun Hong , Kim Hee Yeon , Song Do Seon , Sung Pil Soo , Chang U Im , Kim Chang Wook , Nam Soon Woo , Bae Si Hyun , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Yang Jin Mo , Han Nam Ik , Jang Jeong Won
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Antiviral therapy improves hepatic fibrosis and reduces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. This study aimed to evaluate whether on-therapy changes in scores for fibrosis index based on 4 factors and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index are associated with HCC development and establish an HCC risk score model incorporating noninvasive fibrosis marker (NFM) response.

METHODS:

This multicenter study recruited 5,147 patients with chronic hepatitis B (4,028 for derivation cohort and 1,119 for validation cohort) who were given entecavir/tenofovir for >12 months between 2007 and 2018. A risk prediction model for HCC was developed using predictors based on multivariable Cox models, and bootstrapping was performed for validation.

RESULTS:

The 10-year cumulative HCC incidence rates were 12.6% and 13.7% in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The risk of HCC significantly differed with early NFM response, with a marked reduction in HCC risk in patients achieving a significant decrease in NFM by 12 months (P < 0.001). NFM response, sex, age, and cirrhosis were independently predictive of HCC. We developed the Fibrosis marker response, Sex, Age, and Cirrhosis (FSAC) score based on regression coefficients of each variable. For the 10-year prediction of HCC, FSAC showed higher C-index values than PAGE-B, modified PAGE-B, CU-HCC, and REACH-B (0.84 vs 0.77, 0.80, 0.77, and 0.67, respectively; all P < 0.005). The predictive performance of FSAC was corroborated in the validation cohort, with higher C-index than other models (all P < 0.050).

DISCUSSION:

On-therapy changes in NFM are an independent indicator of HCC risk. FSAC incorporating NFM response is a reliable risk score for risk estimation for HCC with better performance than other models.
Using the Spindle Cooling Temperature as a Tool for Compensating the Thermal Deformation of Machines
Authors: Vyroubal J.
Published: March 2021

Thermal error compensation of machine tools is a relatively complex problem nowadays. Machine users have very high expectations, and it is necessary to use all means to improve the cutting accuracy of existing machines. This paper deals with a novel approach, which combines standard temperature measurement of a machine tool and new temperature measurement of the spindle cooling liquid. A multinomial regression equation is then used to calculate the compensation correction of the position of the tool. This calculation does not critically overload the control system of the machines, so no external computing hardware is required. The cooling liquid approach improves the accuracy of the machine tool over an operational time of several hours.
FPU-Supported Running Error Analysis
Authors: Zahradnický T. , Lórencz R.
Published: March 2021

A-posteriori forward rounding error analyses tend to give sharper error estimates than a-priori ones, as they use actual data quantities. One of such a-posteriori analysis – running error analysis – uses expressions consisting of two parts; one generates the error and the other propagates input errors to the output. This paper suggests replacing the error generating term with an FPU-extracted rounding error estimate, which produces a sharper error bound.
Stochastic Models of Solid Particles Grinding
Authors: Zueva G. A. , Padokhin V. A. , Ditl P.
Published: March 2021

Solid particle grinding is considered as a Markov process. Mathematical models of disintegration kinetics are classified on the basis of the class of Markov process that they belong to. A mathematical description of the disintegration kinetics of polydisperse particles by milling in a shock-loading grinder is proposed on the basis of the theory of Markov processes taking into account the operational conditions in the device. The proposed stochastic model calculates the particle size distribution of the material at any instant in any place in the grinder. The experimental data is in accordance with the predicted values according to the proposed model.
A Finite Liouville Dress for c
Authors: Furlan P. , Petkova V. B. , Stanishkov M.
Published: March 2021

We review the derivation of a general formula for the Liouville dressing factor in the boundary 3-point tachyon correlator with c < 1 degenerate matter.
Valve Concepts for Microfluidic Cell Handling
Authors: Grabowski M. , Buchenauer A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we present various pneumatically actuated microfluidic valves to enable user-defined fluid management within a microfluidic chip. To identify a feasible valve design, certain valve concepts are simulated in ANSYS to investigate the pressure dependent opening and closing characteristics of each design. The results are verified in a series of tests. Both the microfluidic layer and the pneumatic layer are realized by means of soft-lithographic techniques. In this way, a network of channels is fabricated in photoresist as a molding master. By casting these masters with PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) we get polymeric replicas containing the channel network. After a plasma-enhanced bonding process, the two layers are irreversibly bonded to each other. The bonding is tight for pressures up to 2 bar. The valves are integrated into a microfluidic cell handling system that is designed to manipulate cells in the presence of a liquid reagent (e.g. PEG – polyethylene glycol, for cell fusion). For this purpose a user-defined fluid management system is developed. The first test series with human cell lines show that the microfluidic chip is suitable for accumulating cells within a reaction chamber, where they can be flushed by a liquid medium.
The DEPFET Mini-matrix Particle Detector
Authors: Scheirich J.
Published: March 2021

The DEPFET is new type of active pixel particle detector. A MOSFET is integrated in each pixel, providing the first amplification stage of the readout electronics. Excellent noise parameters are obtained with this layout. The DEPFET detector will be integrated as an inner detector in the BELLE II and ILC experiment. A flexible measuring system with a wide control cycle range and minimal noise was designed for testing small detector prototypes.Noise of 60 electrons of the equivalent input charge was achieved during the first measurements on the system.
The Diamond Lemma and the PBW Property in Quantum Algebras
Authors: Havlíček M. , Pošta S.
Published: March 2021

(so3) is demonstrated. The approach presented here is successful in other cases of quantum algebras and superalgebras.
Color Portion of Solar Radiation in the Partial Annular Solar Eclipse, October 3rd, 2005, at Helwan, Egypt
Authors: Hassan A. H. , Rahoma U. A. , Sabry M. , Fathy A. M.
Published: March 2021

Measurements were made of various solar radiation components, global, direct and diffuse and their fractions during the partial annular solar eclipse on October 3rd, 2005 at Helwan, Egypt (Lat. 29.866◦ N and Long. 31.20◦ E), and an analysis has been made. The duration of the solar eclipse was 3 h 17 min, and the maximum magnitude of the eclipse in this region was 0.65. The optical depth of the direct component and the relative humidity decreased, while both the transparency and the air temperature increased towards the maximum eclipse. The general trends of the global components are decreasing optical depth and increasing transparency between the first contact and the last contact. The prevailing color during the eclipse duration was diffused infrared (77 % of the total diffuse radiation level).
Timing Analysis with INTEGRAL: Comparing Different Reconstruction Algorithms
Authors: Grinberg V. , Kreykenbohm I. , Fürst F. , Wilms J. , Pottschmidt K. , Bel M. Cadolle , Rodriguez J. , Marcu D. M. , Suchy S. , Markowitz A. , Nowak M. A.
Published: March 2021

INTEGRAL is one of the few instruments capable of detecting X-rays above 20 keV. It is therefore in principle well suited for studying X-ray variability in this regime. Because INTEGRAL uses coded mask instruments for imaging, the reconstruction of light curves of X-ray sources is highly non-trivial. We present results from a comparison of two commonly employed algorithms, which primarily measure flux from mask deconvolution (ii_lc_extract) and from calculating the pixel illuminated fraction (ii_light). Both methods agree well for timescales above about 10 s, the highest time resolution for which image reconstruction is possible. For higher time resolution, ii light produces meaningful results, although the overall variance of the lightcurves is not preserved.
MAIA: Technical Development of a Novel System for Video Observations of Meteors
Authors: Vítek S. , Fliegel K. , Páta P. , Koten P.
Published: March 2021

A system for double station observation of meteors now known as MAIA (Meteor Automatic Imager and Analyzer) is introduced in this paper. The system is based on two stations with gigabite ethernet cameras, sensitive image intensifiers and automatic processing of the recorded image data. This paper presents the measured electrooptical characteristics of the components and the overall performance of the new digital system in comparison with the current analog solution.
N = 4, d = 1 Supersymmetric Hyper-Kähler Sigma Models and Non-Abelian Monopole Background
Authors: Bellucci S. , Krivonos S. , Sutulin A.
Published: March 2021

We construct a Lagrangian formulation of N = 4 supersymmetric mechanics with hyper-Kähler sigma models in a bosonic sector in a non-Abelian background gauge field. The resulting action includes a wide class of N = 4 supersymmetric mechanics describing the motion of an isospin-carrying particle over spaces with non-trivial geometry. In two examples that we discuss in details, the background fields are identified with the field of BPST instantons in flat and Taub-NUTspaces.
Path Integral Solution of PT-/non-PT-Symmetric and non-Hermitian Hulthen Potential
Authors: Kandirmaz N. , Sever R.
Published: March 2021

The wave functions and the energy spectrum of PT-/non-PT-Symmetric and non-Hermitian Hulthen potential are of an exponential type and are obtained via the path integral. The path integral is constructed using parametric time and point transformation.
More on PT-Symmetry in (Generalized) Effect Algebras and Partial Groups
Authors: Paseka J. , Janda J.
Published: March 2021

We continue in the direction of our paper on PT-Symmetry in (Generalized) Effect Algebras and Partial Groups. Namely we extend our considerations to the setting of weakly ordered partial groups. In this setting, any operator weakly ordered partial group is a pasting of its partially ordered commutative subgroups of linear operators with a fixed dense domain over bounded operators. Moreover, applications of our approach for generalized effect algebras are mentioned.
Effect Algebras of Positive Self-adjoint Operators Densely Defined on Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Riečanová Z.
Published: March 2021

We show that (generalized) effect algebras may be suitable very simple and natural algebraic structures for sets of (unbounded) positive self-adjoint linear operators densely defined on an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space. In these cases the effect algebraic operation, as a total or partially defined binary operation, coincides with the usual addition of operators in Hilbert spaces.
A Wideband Low-Pass Filter for Differential Mode Distortion
Authors: Brejcha M.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the solution for a wideband low-pass filter that can be used for filtering the input currents of switching converters, which are distorted by the switching frequency of PWM. Initially, the filter was proposed for the special type of AC converter, which is described in the paper. However, these solutions can also be used in the inputs of active PFC converters and in the outputs of PWM converters, where there are similar problems with switching frequency.The frequency band of the filter is given by the switching frequency of the filtered device and by the demands of EMC standards. This makes the filter able to work in the frequency band from 10 kHz to 30 MHz. To ensure such a frequency band, the filter should be proposed with two sections, each for a specific part of the band.