bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Resolution Morphometric Analysis of Patterned Grounds in the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Northern Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Mamoru , Kamiya Hiro , Iwahana Go
Published: January 2025

We evaluated the morphology, geomorphic settings, and micrometeorological controls of sorted polygons, stripes, lobate patterns, and turf‐banked terraces in two summit areas of Daisetsu Mountain, Japan, using orthophoto images and digital surface models generated from unmanned aerial vehicle observations and structure‐from‐motion techniques and in situ records of air temperature, wind speed/direction and ground temperatures. The sorted polygons on flat terrain are equiform and large (3.5 m in mean length), but on gentle slopes, they are elliptical and small (2.9 m). Sorted stripes and lobate patterns occur on slope steeper than 3.5°–4.5°. The form transition of sorted patterned grounds is considered due to activities of frost heave and thaw settlement, gelifluction, and frost creep, as well as the spatial pattern of soil wetness. In the windward slopes steeper than 3.5°–4.5°, the ground materials move downslope, forming lobate patterns and sorted stripes. On the flat surfaces and leeward slopes, snow accumulation prevents soils from cooling in winter, provides snowmelts to the soils, and thus thickens the seasonal thawing during summer, allowing sorting at greater depths and enlarging the diameters of the frost patterned forms. Snow redistribution and snowmelt infiltration produce locally moist soils, creating favorable environments for plant growth on leeward, that is, eastward sides of microtopography. Soil movements along slopes are dammed on the slope covered with dense vegetation cover where risers of turf‐banked terrace are formed. This is the explanation why the turf‐banked terraces are typically facing slightly eastward from principal slope direction.
Catalyst‐Anchored 3D Framework Electrodes: A Breakthrough in Large‐Scale Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chauhan Samruddhi V. , Joshi Kinjal K. , Pataniya Pratik M. , Sumesh C. K.
Published: January 2025

The idea of grid‐scale hydrogen production by water electrolysis has been made possible by developing catalyst‐anchored three‐dimensional (3D) foam‐based electrodes. Catalytic performance in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is improved by incorporating catalyst in 3D interlinked porous architecture, which enhances electrical conductivity and speeds up the discharge of gas bubbles. The detailed study on the role‐play of 3D frameworks in energy generation is explained in this article. The review also focuses on the recent development in utilizing these 3D substrates in the field of electrochemistry. Furthermore, it is imperative to enhance their compatibility with renewable energy systems and high‐temperature electrolysis for the sustainable production of hydrogen. Therefore, this review briefly explores the innovative design of self‐supported 3D framework electrodes using heterostructures and doping techniques to develop stable, durable, and efficient electrocatalysts. These catalysts aim to provide near‐zero overpotential, high selectivity, and long‐term stability for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, paving the way for commercial‐scale green energy production. 3D foam‐based electrodes can emerge as a key technology in the field of electrochemistry.
Electromagnetic Studies of Manganese Nickel Ferrites Prepared by Ceramic Technique Using High‐Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Laishram Bidyabati , Maisnam Mamata , Devi Oinam Babynanda
Published: January 2025

In this study, a series of divalent nickel‐substituted manganese ferrites with compositional formula Mn1−xNixFe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45) are synthesized by the ceramic technique using high‐energy ball milling. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies are done for structural and phase analysis. The XRD spectral analysis confirms the single phase with spinel structure. Structural parameters such as crystallite size (32.17–57.46 nm) and lattice constant (8.328–8.377 Å) are calculated from the XRD data. The incorporation of Ni2+ in the host manganese ferrite is understood from the peak displacing to a higher angle. The room temperature electrical properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric losses, and AC conductivity are measured with the frequency variation. The variation of the electrical parameters shows a dispersion behavior. The dielectric constant increases while the dielectric loss lowers with Ni2+ content. The AC conductivity shows dispersion with frequency. Using the impedance data, the Nyquist plot determined the conduction mechanisms in the samples. Saturation magnetization values (51.066–65.529 emu g−1) were extracted from the hysteresis loop and the magnetic moments of the samples were estimated.
LDG‐CSLAM: Multi‐Robot Collaborative SLAM Based on Curve Analysis, Normal Distribution, and Factor Graph Optimization
Authors: He Keyan , Jia Rujie , Hong Huajie , Wang Nan , Hu Yifan
Published: January 2025

In complex, enclosed environments where global positioning system (GPS) failures are common, multi‐robot collaborative simultaneous localization and mapping (CSLAM) faces several key challenges, including redundant communication data, low fusion efficiency, and poor system robustness. These issues arise primarily due to inefficiencies in extracting and sharing descriptors of complex 3D environments, weak robustness in relative pose estimation from multiple information sources, and insufficient suppression of highly coupled dynamic estimation errors. The combined effect of these factors often leads to system failure, making it difficult to achieve stable and accurate global localization and mapping. To address these challenges, this paper proposes LDG‐CSLAM, a novel multi‐robot CSLAM method that integrates curve analysis, normal distribution, and factor graph optimization. LDG‐CSLAM improves the efficiency of extracting and sharing global environment descriptors through key frame extraction based on point cloud curvature analysis. It further enhances performance with a distributed global mapping technique based on the normal distribution transform (NDT). Additionally, the method incorporates real‐time optimization of both self and relative odometer using factor graph methods, effectively mitigating dynamic errors. This integrated design significantly reduces computational and communication overhead while improving system stability and accuracy. Experimental results, focused on operational stability, communication efficiency, and trajectory accuracy, demonstrate that LDG‐CSLAM outperforms existing methods like DisCo‐SLAM and DCL‐SLAM, providing superior performance in multi‐robot SLAM for GPS‐denied environments.
On the Edge‐Density of the Brownian Co‐Graphon and Common Ancestors of Pairs in the CRT
Authors: Chapuy Guillaume
Published: January 2025

Bassino et al. have shown that uniform random co‐graphs (graphs without induced ) of size converge to a certain non‐deterministic graphon. The edge density of this graphon is a random variable whose first moments have been computed by these authors. The first purpose of this note is to observe that, in fact, these moments can be computed by a simple recurrence relation. The problem leads us to the following question of independent interest: given i.i.d. uniform pairs of points , in the Brownian CRT, what is the size of the set formed by their pairwise last common ancestors? We show that in probability, with . The method to establish the recurrence relation is reminiscent of Janson's computation of moments of the Wiener index of (large) random trees. The logarithm factor in the convergence result comes from the estimation of Riemann sums in which summands are weighted by the integer divisor function—such sums naturally occur in the problem. We have not been able to analyze the asymptotics of moments of directly from the recurrence relation, and in fact our study of is independent from it. Several things remain to be done; in particular, we only scratch the question of large deviations of , and the precise asymptotics of moments of is left open.
Synthesis, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Anticancer Studies of 3,19‐Furfurylidene‐12(S)‐thiophenyl‐14‐deoxy‐andrographolide Against 58 Different Cell Lines of Nine Different Cancer Types
Authors: Tamang Nitesh , Pati Dipti Ranjan , Sripada Lakshminath , Nanduri Srinivas , Golakoti Nageswara Rao
Published: January 2025

3,19‐Furfurylidene‐12(S)‐thiophenyl‐14‐deoxy‐andrographolide (12‐Ph‐S‐Fur‐ADG) was synthesized and characterized using the FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR, DEPT‐45, DEPT‐90, DEPT‐135, and 2D‐NMR (HOMO‐COSY and HSQC) and HRMS spectroscopy. A single product was obtained when sodium bicarbonate was used as a base in the reaction. The configuration at the C‐12 position was confirmed to be S configuration with the single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Comparing the theoretical and experimental bond lengths and bond angles, RMSD of 0.0336 and 1.441 were observed, respectively. The anticancer studies of the 12‐S isomer of the title compound were done against 58 cell lines of nine different cancer types at NCI. The results reveal that the synthesized compound is active against most of the cell lines, and the best activity was shown against Melanoma cancer LOX IMVI with GI50 of 1.81 µM and TGI of 4.00 µM. An epimeric mixture of 12‐S/R isomers was produced when the reaction was conducted in the presence of triethyl amine, inorganic bases like sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
Substance Use is Associated With College Students' Acute Parasympathetic Nervous System Responses to Challenge
Authors: Rahal Danny , Kwan Violet F. , Perry Kristin J.
Published: January 2025

College students use substances for varied reasons, including to cope with stress. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) regulates bodily functions to promote energy conservation (the ‘rest and digest’ response), and individuals differ in their physiological sensitivity to challenge. It remains unclear whether greater PNS responses (i.e., declines in PNS activity, termed vagal withdrawal) to challenge could suggest difficulty regulating and thereby confer risk for using substances in community samples. We hypothesised that lower resting PNS activity and greater PNS responses to a challenge task would be associated with more frequent substance use (i.e., alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use). College students (N = 152; Mage = 20.5, SD = 3.2; 73.8% female) reported their past month frequency of substance use and completed a laboratory‐based challenge task while having an electrocardiogram administered to derive respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of PNS activity. They watched a 4‐min neutral video (resting baseline) and then traced a star with their nondominant hand while only seeing the mirror reflection of their hand (challenge). Higher resting RSA was related to more frequent cannabis use. Individuals with larger declines in RSA from the video to the task (i.e., greater PNS responses) tended to use each substance more frequently. RSA recovery from the task was not related to substance use. Taken together, college students who are more physiologically responsive to challenge may use substances more frequently, potentially as a means of coping. Biofeedback interventions can be investigated for reducing college students' substance use risk.
Recent Advances in Structural Design of Carbon/Magnetic Composites and their Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Applications
Authors: Peng Haiyang , Zhang Da , Xie Zhipeng , Lu Shuiqing , Liu Yichang , Liang Feng
Published: January 2025

Electromagnetic pollution protection and military stealth technologies underscore the urgent need to develop efficient electromagnetic wave‐absorbing materials (EWAMs). Traditional EWAMs suffer from single absorption loss mechanisms, poor impedance matching, and weak reflection loss. To date, combining dielectric loss with magnetic loss in EWAMs have proven to be an effective approach to enhancing electromagnetic absorption performance. The structural design of composites plays a pivotal role in improving impedance matching and enhancing the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. It is widely regarded as one of the principal methods for fine‐tuning electromagnetic parameters and response mechanisms. Among these, composites of carbon and magnetic materials have become a research hotspot due to their magnetoelectric synergistic effects and versatile microstructure design. Herein, the principles of electromagnetic wave absorption in terms of both the loss mechanism and impedance matching are outlined. The research progress on core–shell, skeleton, and hollow structure of carbon/magnetic composite EWAMs are summarized. The synthesis methods, absorption properties, and attenuation mechanisms of composites with these structures are described in detail. Finally, the limitations of carbon/magnetic composites in electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, possible solutions are proposed, and future development directions for carbon/magnetic composite EWAMs are envisioned.
Waterborne Recoatable Transparent Superhydrophobic Coatings with Excellent Self‐Cleaning and Anti‐Dust Performance
Authors: Tu Shuhua , Zhang Lele , Zhang Weizhen , Feng Jie
Published: January 2025

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted tremendous attention due to their intriguing lotus‐leaf‐like water‐repelling phenomenon and wide applications, however, most superhydrophobic coatings are prepared with environmentally unfriendly organic solvents and suffer from poor mechanical strength. To solve these issues, waterborne recoatable superhydrophobic (WRSH) coatings are developed based on a novel self‐synthesized water‐soluble fluorinated acrylic polymer and hydrophobic modified silica nanoparticles. The trade‐off between waterborne and superhydrophobicity is well mediated by protonation and deprotonation of the fluorinated acrylic polymer. When the coating is damaged, it can be easily repaired and recoated using WRSH coatings without the need to remove the damaged superhydrophobic layer, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for maintaining a superhydrophobic surface. The coating exhibits good mechanical properties with the WRSH coating maintaining mechanical stability even after abrasion with 2000 mesh sandpaper for 20 m or impact from 100 g of sand. Additionally, the visible light transmittance of WRSH coating glass reaches as high as ≈94.0%, which is superior to the bare glass of ≈91.7%. Moreover, the WRSH coatings exhibit excellent self‐cleaning performance and anti‐dust performance when applied on solar panels.
Enhancing Intrusion Detection Systems With Advanced Machine Learning Techniques: An Ensemble and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) Approach
Authors: Naif Alatawi Mohammed
Published: January 2025

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitates advancements in intrusion detection systems (IDS). This research introduces a novel IDS framework that integrates advanced machine learning (ML) techniques, including ensemble learning, transfer learning, and feature engineering, to enhance detection accuracy, adaptability, and interpretability. The ensemble learning component combines diverse classifiers (e.g., decision trees, k‐nearest neighbors, and logistic regression), leveraging their unique strengths to boost detection rates by 15%, achieving a final accuracy of 95%. Transfer learning is implemented by pre‐training models on related cybersecurity datasets (UNSW‐NB15, NSL‐KDD, and CICIDS2019) and fine‐tuning them on the merged dataset, effectively reducing training time by 30%. Feature engineering involves advanced techniques such as interaction features and statistical transformations, which improve the model's sensitivity and increase detection rates by 20%, especially for complex attack patterns. To enhance transparency and interpretability, this study incorporates Explainable AI (XAI) methods, specifically LIME (Local Interpretable Model‐agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). LIME approximates the local behavior of the complex model by fitting interpretable models around individual predictions, providing insights into feature contributions for specific instances. On the other hand, SHAP offers a global explanation based on cooperative game theory, assigning Shapley values to each feature to quantify their overall importance. This dual approach allows security analysts to understand the importance of local decision‐making and global features, increasing trust in the IDS predictions and aiding in identifying false positives and complex threats like zero‐day attacks. The proposed framework demonstrates robust scalability and robustness, making it capable of processing large volumes of network traffic data with minimal latency. However, challenges such as computational overhead from ensemble and XAI methods and the need for extensive labeled datasets for training were identified. The IDS framework's modular design facilitates integration with existing Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, enhancing its practical applicability in enterprise, cloud, and IoT environments. Future research directions include exploring deep learning‐based ensemble methods, real‐time adaptive learning algorithms, and applying the framework in other domains like fraud detection and healthcare. Additionally, enhancing user‐centric explanations and developing interactive interfaces for analysts could further improve the interpretability and effectiveness of the IDS.
Theoretical Investigation of Singlet Fission Processes in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Zhangxia , Xie Xiaoyu , Ma Haibo
Published: January 2025

Singlet fission (SF) is a down‐conversion photophysical process involving transforming a high‐energy singlet state into two lower‐energy triplet excitons. It has attracted extensive attention over the past two decades because of its potential to break the power conversion limit in photovoltaic devices. However, this material's complex, strongly correlated electronic properties and its various packing structures pose challenges to understanding its intrinsic mechanisms and limiting theory‐guided molecular design. In this review, we summarize our theoretical work by studying the electronic structure, exciton‐phonon structure and low‐excited state dynamics of several typical materials, clearly elucidating the microscopic mechanism of the SF process. Subsequently, based on an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism, we use the novel macrocyclic framework to design intramolecular SF candidates and hope to improve the energy conversion efficiency of SF‐based photovoltaic devices.
Strategies for Redesigning Withdrawn Drugs to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety: A Review
Authors: Patel Chirag N. , Shakeel Adeeba , Mall Raghvendra , Alawi Khadija M. , Ozerov Ivan V. , Zhavoronkov Alex , Castiglione Filippo
Published: January 2025

Drug toxicity and market withdrawals are two issues that often obstruct the lengthy and intricate drug discovery process. In order to enhance drug effectiveness and safety, this review examines withdrawn drugs and presents a novel paradigm for their redesign. In addition to addressing methodological issues with toxicity datasets, this study highlights important shortcomings in in silico drug toxicity prediction models and suggests solutions. High‐throughput screening (HTS) has greatly progressed with the advent of 3D organoid and organ‐on‐chip (OoC) technologies, which provide physiologically appropriate systems that replicate the structure and function of human tissue. These systems provide accurate, human‐relevant data for drug development, toxicity evaluation, and disease modeling, overcoming the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures and animal models. Their integration into HTS pipelines has shown to have a major influence, promoting drug redesign efforts and enabling improved accuracy in preclinical research. The potential of fragment‐based drug discovery to enhance pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) when combined with conventional techniques is highlighted in this study. The limits of animal models are discussed, with a focus on the need of bioengineered humanized systems such OoC technologies and 3D organoids. To improve drug candidate screening and simulate real illnesses, advanced models are crucial. This leads to improved target affinity and fewer adverse effects.
Hypothesis for Molecular Evolution in the Pre‐Cellular Stage of the Origin of Life
Authors: Wang Yong , Du Yiling
Published: January 2025

Life was originated from inorganic world and had experienced a long period of evolution in about 3.8 billion years. The time for emergence of the pioneer creations on Earth is debatable nowadays, and how the scenario for the prebiotic molecular interactions is still mysterious. Before the spreading of cellular organisms, chemical evolution was perhaps prevailing for millions of years, in which inorganic biosynthesis was ultimately replaced by biochemical reactions. Understanding the major molecular players and their interactions toward cellular life is fundamental for current medical science and extraterrestrial life exploration. In this review, we propose a road map for the primordial molecular evolution in early Earth, which probably occurred adjacent to hydrothermal vents with a strong gradient of organic molecules, temperature, and metal contents. Natural selection of the macromolecules with strong secondary structures and catalytic centers is associated with decreasing of overall entropy of the biopolymers. Our review may shed lights into the important selection of gene‐coding RNA with secondary structures from large amounts of random biopolymers and formation of ancient ribosomes with biological machines supporting the basic life processes. Integration of the free environmental ribosomes by the early cellular life as symbiotic molecular machines is probably the earliest symbiosis on Earth.
Evaluation of common trap types for capturing wild pigs
Authors: Taylor Charles R. , Buxton Lauren , Beasley James C.
Published: January 2025

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most ecologically harmful invasive vertebrates globally. Due to their negative impacts, wild pig populations are managed via trapping, yet studies investigating various trap designs have been limited in duration, location, and number of trappers. Using data from professional trappers across the southeastern U.S., we evaluated the performance of 3 wild pig trap types (corral, drop, passive net), and the effect of forage season (barren, green‐up, masting) on trapping success. Specifically, we compared trap effectiveness (estimated proportion of targeted wild pigs caught per capture event), trap night effort (number of days to first catch), and the amount of bait and time used per individual take over the lifetime of each trap location across the 3 trap types and forage seasons. Across >850 capture events by 31 trappers, all 3 trap types evaluated were effective at capturing entire social groups of wild pigs. Few differences were observed among trap types, although drop traps in masting season captured a greater estimated proportion of wild pigs per capture event compared to other trap type‐season combinations. Our data also revealed that passive net traps required slightly more bait/wild pig captured than drop traps but there was no difference in the time/wild pig captured among traps. Our findings demonstrate that when operated by wildlife professionals, multiple designs of wild pig traps can be effective at removing targeted groups of wild pigs. Further, our results offer insights regarding the performance of wild pig trap types across seasons that can be used to inform wild pig trapping programs.
CBL Framework Today and CBL Learning Outcomes
Authors: Dikilitaş Kenan , Marshall Tim , Shahverdi Masoumeh
Published: January 2025

This chapter has two parts. The first part explores the contemporary framework of CBL and the three phases of CBL: Engage, Investigate, and Act with a detailed guide to the mini-activities within each phase and practical examples. It details how to develop a challenge starting with team formation and choosing a big idea, through to the implementation of a solution in the final phase. The second part is a review of research that explores learning outcomes in CBL. These outcomes focus on engagement, motivation, communication, collaboration, and teamwork.
Warum sind Medien ein besonderes Gut?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Gütereigenschaften, Medien als Wirtschaftsgut, Medien als Kulturgut, Marktversagen, Selbstbeschreibung der Gesellschaft
Warum ähneln sich Medieninhalte so sehr?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Homogenisierung, Produktdifferenzierung, Medienmarken, Isomorphismus, strategische Produktpositionierung
Wie hängen Publikums- und Werbemarkt zusammen?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Verbundcharakter, Media- und Publikumsforschung, Agency-Problem, zweiseitige Märkte, Netzwerkeffekte.
Effect of plug shape on forming square tube by expansion drawing
Authors: Kato Yusuke , Zhang Shiliang , Kuboki Takashi , Akiyama Masayoshi , Kajikawa Shohei
Published: January 2025

This study clarifies the plug shape for forming a square tube with high dimensional accuracy from a circular tube using expansion drawing, with the effects of plug parameters — width, corner angle, and corner radius of the plug — on the thickness distribution and dimensional accuracy of the drawn tube (aluminum alloy 1070) evaluated using finite element analysis and experiments. When the plug width was large, local thinning occurred at the corners of the drawn tube; when the plug width was small, a gap appeared between the plug and the drawn tube. Local thinning and gaps can be suppressed by decreasing the half-angle. In addition, the local thinning at the corner of the drawn tube increased when the corner radius was small. The experimental results were consistent with the analysis results. An evaluation based on Japanese industrial standards showed that both the experimental and analytical results of the drawn tubes met these standards.
Transitioning from the safety of the womb to the outside world for neonates with life-threatening cardiovascular conditions: The IMmediate Postpartum Access to Cardiac Therapy (IMPACT) Procedure
Authors: Padiyath Asif , Lynch Jennifer M. , Montenegro Lisa M. , Nicolson Susan C. , Nelson Olivia , Szwast Anita L. , Shillingford Amanda J. , Falkensammer Christine B. , Savla Jill J. , Moldenhauer Julie , Khalek Nahla , Rychik Jack
Published: January 2025

The IMmediate Postpartum Access to Cardiac Therapy (IMPACT) procedure is a multidisciplinary, collaborative, highly coordinated clinical service in which a planned delivery and intensive neonatal care are offered for conditions where there is a high likelihood of postnatal instability. This process includes prenatal consultation with the parent(s), involving each service engaged with the delivery, postnatal resuscitation, and procedural care. A Cesarean section delivery is planned in an operating room with immediate access to a multifunctional procedural suite where the neonate can undergo rapid cardiac evaluation and initiation of interventional treatments which can have a positive, life-saving impact. This review describes the details of this unique procedure and multidisciplinary program at one institution.
Prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and evaluation of pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study
Authors: Eminov Elmin , Eminov Ayşe
Published: January 2025

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancies of women aged 19 and below. The study aims to analyze the rates of adolescent pregnancies and maternal and fetal outcomes among births within the hospital and compare them with adult pregnancies.

Methods

The study is conducted retrospectively in one of Turkey’s socio-economically underdeveloped provinces. The study comprises 16,985 women: 1719 adolescents and 15,266 adults who gave birth in the hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2023. All data were recorded in the SPSS 28.0 program, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Chi-Square test, ANOVA, and Independent Simple T-test were applied to analyze the data.

Results

In the study, the adolescent pregnancy rate is found to be 10,1%. The mean maternal age (p = 0.000), gravida (p = 0.000), parity (p = 0.000), and number of abortions (p = 0.002) are significantly higher in the adult group. No difference is found between the groups in terms of gestational age (p = 0.067). Newborn birth weight was significantly higher in the adult group (p = 0.000). Cesarean section rates are higher in the adult group (p = 0.001). No difference is found in terms of stillbirth rates. No difference is found between the groups in terms of pre-eclampsia (p = 0.792). No difference is found between the groups in terms of preterm birth (p = 0.664).

Conclusion

In conclusion, it came out that, according to the results of the study, the rates of premature birth, pre-eclampsia, and stillbirth in adolescents and the first and fifth-minute Apgar scores are similar to adults. However, newborn birth weights are lower in the babies of adolescent pregnant women. In addition, cesarean section rates are higher in the adult group.
Developing grid-forming converter controller DLL for real-time HIL simulations
Authors: Singh Utkarsh , Singh Ravi , Popov Marjan , Lekić Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

There is a lack of knowledge on the development of a controller model into a black box dynamically-linked library (DLL) file which can be flexibly tested with a power system model through a real-time co-simulation platform. Developing a test bed to demonstrate the performance and compliance analysis enhances the approval of novel control and protection strategies. This paper presents the development of a controller DLL and a test bench that integrates this DLL with a real-time simulator. The DLL contains a previously developed grid-forming controller for the type‑3 wind turbine and works in co-simulation with the power system model on Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) in real-time.
External validation of the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction tools in psoriatic disease: a UK Biobank study
Authors: Hughes David M. , Yiu Zenas Z. N. , Zhao Sizheng Steven
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Risk prediction is important for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD risk prediction tools designed for the general population may be inaccurate in people with inflammatory diseases.

Objectives

To investigate the performance of four cardiovascular risk prediction tools (QRISK3, Framingham Risk Score, Reynolds Risk Score and SCORE) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis. We also compare performance in participants with no inflammatory conditions and in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

This research utilised the UK Biobank Resource. We identified participants with PsA, psoriasis and RA and calculated their cardiovascular risk using each risk tool. We assessed model calibration by comparing observed and predicted outcomes. Discrimination of 10-year risk prediction was assessed using time-dependent area under ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.

Results

We included 769 individuals with PsA, 8062 with psoriasis and 4772 with RA when assessing the QRISK3 tool. Predictions for individuals with psoriasis were roughly as accurate as those with no inflammatory conditions with time-dependent AUC of 0.74 (95%CI, 0.72, 0.76) and of 0.74 (95%CI, 0.72, 0.77) respectively. In contrast, individuals with PsA obtained the least accurate predictions with an AUC of 0.70 (95%CI, 0.64, 0.76). Individuals with RA also obtained less accurate predictions with AUC of 0.72 (0.69,0.74). For the Framingham risk score, AUCs varied between 0.61 (95%CI, 0.55, 0.68) for participants with PsA and 0.71 (95%CI, 0.68, 0.74) for individuals with no inflammatory condition.

Conclusions

In general, CVD risk prediction accuracy was similar for individuals with psoriasis or no inflammatory condition, but lower for individuals with PsA or RA.

Key Points
• Cardiovascular disease risk prediction tools are inaccurate in patients with inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
• CVD risk prediction was generally less accurate in people with psoriatic disease than the general population when using QRISK3, Framingham, Raynolds or SCORE tools.
• QRISK3 tended to achieve the most accurate prediction but was poorly calibrated by overestimating risk.
• QRISK3 generally overestimated risk; therefore, estimates may not need to be multiplied by 1.5 as recommended for inflammatory arthritis.
Histone lysine methyltransferases and their specific methylation marks show significant changes in mouse testes from young to older ages
Authors: Bilmez Yesim , Talibova Gunel , Tire Betul , Ozturk Saffet
Published: January 2025

Spermatogenesis is finely regulated by histone methylation, which is crucial for regulating gene expression and chromatin remodeling. Functional studies have demonstrated that the histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) SETD1B, CFP1, SETDB1, G9A, and SETD2 play pivotal roles in spermatogenesis through establishing the key histone methylation marks, H3K4me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, and H3K36me3, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal expression of these KMTs and methylation marks as well as senescence-associated β-galactosidase (β-GAL), transcriptional activity, and apoptosis rates in mouse testes during biological aging. In accordance with these purposes, the following groups of Balb/C mice were created: young (1- and 2-week-old), prepubertal (3- and 4-week-old), pubertal (5- and 6-week-old), postpubertal (16-, 18-, and 20-week-old), and aged (48-, 50-, and 52-week-old). The β-GAL staining gradually increased from the young to the aged groups (P < 0.01). The SETD1B, G9A, SETDB1, and SETD2 protein levels increased in spermatogonia, early and pachytene spermatocytes, and Sertoli cells of the aged group (P < 0.05). In contrast, CFP1 protein level decreased in spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and Sertoli cells towards the older ages (P < 0.05). Moreover, H3K4me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, and H3K36me3 levels increased in the aged group (P < 0.05). There was also a significant reduction in apoptosis rates in seminiferous tubules of the pubertal, postpubertal, and aged groups (P < 0.01). Consequently, accumulation of histone methylation marks due to increased expression of KMTs in spermatogenic and Sertoli cells during testicular aging may alter chromatin reprogramming and gene expression, contributing to age-related fertility loss.
Chirping across continents: variation in urban house sparrow (Passer domesticus) vocalizations across North America and Europe
Authors: González-García Fernando , Rega-Brodsky Christine C. , García-Arroyo Michelle , Bolaños Sittler Pablo , Escobar-Ibáñez Juan Fernando , García-Chávez Juan Hector , Hedblom Marcus , Heleno Ruben , Iankov Petar , Malmiga Gintaras , Martínez Fernández Alberto , McIntyre Nancy E. , Pavón-Jordán Diego , Ruvalcaba-Ortega Irene , MacGregor-Fors Ian
Published: January 2025

The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most widespread invasive bird species, with numerous and dense populations established across urban-agricultural landscapes of North America. Although this species has been widely studied to identify the traits that explain its global ubiquity, descriptions of house sparrow acoustic features across its native and introduced range are limited in the literature. We recorded male house sparrow vocalizations from 13 cities across Europe and North America to quantify the structural features of its common “chirrup” vocalization. Although the basic structure and duration were consistent across the two geographic regions, the vocalizations differed in their minimum frequencies and bandwidth. In a post hoc analysis of 140 museum specimens, we found that European house sparrows had larger bills and bodies than those in North America. Thus, we propose that these frequency shifts could be a result of synergistic interactions between morphological differences, potential differences in ambient noise, acoustic overlap with other species within the soundscape, or other acoustic features of European and North American cities. House sparrows seem to be a good model for future bioacoustics studies, given their worldwide distribution and acoustic plasticity, to test hypotheses related to urbanization traits and invasion potential.
Timber harvesting was the most important factor driving changes in vegetation composition, as compared to climate and fire regime shifts, in the mixedwood temperate forests of Temiscamingue since AD 1830
Authors: Robles Daniela , Boulanger Yan , Pascual Jesus , Danneyrolles Victor , Bergeron Yves , Drobyshev Igor
Published: January 2025

Context

The vegetation composition of northeastern North American forests has significantly changed since pre-settlement times, with a marked reduction in conifer-dominated stands, taxonomic and functional diversity. These changes have been attributed to fire regime shifts, logging, and climate change.

Methods

In this study, we disentangled the individual effects of these drivers on the forest composition in southwestern Quebec from 1830 to 2000 by conducting retrospective modelling using the LANDIS-II forest landscape model. The model was run based on pre-settlement forest composition and fire history reconstructions, historical timber harvest records, and climate reanalysis data. We compared counterfactual scenarios excluding individual factors to a baseline historical scenario.

Results and Conclusions

Our results indicated that timber harvesting had the greatest impact on forest dynamics over the past centuries. In the absence of timber harvesting, pre-settlement species abundances were largely maintained, preserving key functional traits like fire and shade tolerance that contribute to ecosystem resilience. Increased fire activity during the settlement period contributed to the increase of early-successional aspen (Populus tremuloides), but timber harvesting played the dominant role. Fire exclusion had no influence on vegetation composition, suggesting mesophication unfolds over longer timescales than those captured in this study. Climate change, characterized by modest increases in temperature and precipitation, had a minor effect on vegetation shifts, as increased precipitation might have mitigated the adverse effects of rising temperatures. However, future climate change is projected to become a more significant driver of forest composition. These findings underscore the importance of forest restoration and continued research on past forest dynamics to better understand current and future changes.
Investigation of The Plasma Reaction Behavior of a Coke Oven Gas with Trace Oxygen in a Coaxial DBD Reactor
Authors: Nitsche Tim , Lohmann Heiko , Budt Marcus
Published: January 2025

The presented study shows experimental results with literature comparison for understanding of the oxygen removal in coke oven gas (COG) with plasma. The reaction of oxygen with the main COG components H2, CH4, and CO are investigated as well as the occurrence of potential side reactions as the splitting of CO2 and CH4. Further potential side reactions in the COG mixture known from literature as hydrogenation reactions are discussed in contrast to the observations of the experiments.
Utility of systemic staging in breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Harding Tim , O’Donoghue Patrick James , Boland Michael , Evoy Denis , McCartan Damien , Rutherford Claire , Prichard Ruth
Published: January 2025

Background

CT thorax, abdomen and pelvis (CT-TAP) remains the standard in the identification of metastatic disease in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. In patients with proven micro and macro axillary nodal metastasis, the optimal radiological technique remains controversial. A consensus on which patients with axillary nodal disease should receive radiological staging for distant disease and how this should be performed is not currently available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield from CT staging of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis (CT-TAP) in patients with proven nodal disease.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and subsequent staging CT-TAP between 2013 and 2017 were identified. Patient demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, CT-TAP findings and further imaging requirements were documented.

Results

A total of 234 patients were identified. Of these, 164 (70%) were found to have macrometastasis and 70 (30%) to have micrometastasis or isolated tumour cells on SLNB. Within the macrometastasis cohort, abnormalities were noted on staging CT-TAP for 100 (61%) patients. Eighty of the 100 received follow-up assessment of abnormalities with 3 (2%) patients being diagnosed with distant metastatic disease. Within the micrometastasis group, abnormalities on CT-TAP staging were noted in 36 (52.1%) patients. Twenty-eight (40%) patients required further investigation and follow-up. No patient was found to have metastatic disease within this group.

Conclusion

Patients diagnosed with micrometastatic disease of the axilla following a sentinel lymph node biopsy do not require systemic staging as it fails to detect metastatic disease.
Frost forecasting through machine learning algorithms
Authors: Pérez Tárraga Javier , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Arias-Antúnez Enrique , Dujovne Diego
Published: January 2025

Agriculture continues to be one of the world’s main sources of income and provides great environmental, territorial and social value. However, frost is a recurring problem for farmers each year, representing a significant threat to agricultural production. In a matter of hours, temperatures below the freezing point can result in the loss of nearly the entire crop from a producer. In this article, we have analyzed and compared the application of a set of machine learning algorithms to predict the occurrence of frost events in the next 24 hours. The prediction process covers several challenges, such as data capture, processing, extracting each relevant parameter and finally building different prediction models to compared their performance. Furthermore, we have employed the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) methodology to address the issue of imbalanced datasets, given the natural scarcity of frost events during the data sampling period. Our results show that among the machine learning algorithms we compared, the most efficient in terms of Recall score is K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), while using the Area Under Curve (AUC) criteria, the highest score belongs to the Extra Trees algorithm, with 0.9909. Moreover, by applying the SMOTE balancing process, the AUC score of our models increased 13%, while the Recall score increased from 55% to 82%.
Determination of the performance of training algorithms and activation functions in meteorological drought index prediction with nonlinear autoregressive neural network
Authors: Gümüş Münevver Gizem , Çiftçi Hasan Çağatay , Gümüş Kutalmış
Published: January 2025

Analysis of long-term meteorological data is critical for monitoring climate trends and understanding the drought situation in a given region. In this study, monthly average precipitation data from the Niğde meteorological station in Turkey covering the period 1950–2020 were used. Within the scope of the study, seven different drought index methods were used for drought analysis, and the number and percentages of drought conditions were calculated according to these indices. For example, according to the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method, the proportion of dry periods was determined as 16.2% and the proportion of humid periods as 83.8%. The Mann-Kendall trend analysis performed to determine the drought trends of the region revealed an increasing trend towards humidity in all indices (e.g., z = 1.299, p = 0.194 for SPI). In the study, 60-month drought forecasts covering the years 2020–2025 were realized using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network (NARNN) model, and the results were compared with the Autoregressive (AR) model. In the prediction performance analysis, the NARNN model showed superior prediction performance for all indices with lower RMSE values (e.g., NARNN RMSE = 0.977 for SPI; AR RMSE = 1.704). The prediction performances of different training algorithms and activation functions used in the NARNN model were analyzed. The best performance was obtained with the trainbr training algorithm and sigmoid activation function (e.g., RMSE = 0.997 for SPI). Based on these best parameters, more than 70% of the drought conditions during the 2020–2025 period were found to be normal or humid according to NARNN predictions. This study demonstrates the superiority of the NARNN model in nonlinear time series analyses and that it is a reliable tool, especially for future drought forecasts. In addition, comprehensive analyses with different index methods have significantly contributed to understanding the long-term drought trends in the Niğde region.
Compactness in Banach function spaces: Poincaré and Friedrichs inequalities
Authors: Bilalov Bilal , Mamedov Eminaga , Sezer Yonca , Nasibova Natavan
Published: January 2025

In this work, we study the relative compactness of subsets of separable subspaces

$$X_{s} \left( \Omega \right) $$

X
s

Ω

of so-called additive Banach function spaces

$$X \left( \Omega \right) $$

X

Ω

, which include the rearrangement-invariant spaces defined on the bounded domain

$$\Omega \subset R^{n}$$

Ω
⊂

R
n

. We choose

$$X_{s} \left( \Omega \right) $$

X
s

Ω

such that the infinitely differentiable functions are dense in it. Moreover, we define the Banach–Sobolev spaces

$$W_{X_{s} }^{m} \left( \Omega \right) $$

W

X
s

m

Ω

generated by the above subspaces and we study the compactness of embedding between such spaces. The obtained results are used to establish the equivalent norms on these spaces. These results allow us to prove the Poincaré and Friedrichs-type inequalities for such Sobolev spaces.