bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of avian influenza viruses from 2009 to 2013 in South Korea
Authors: Nam Jeong-Hyun , Españo Erica , Song Eun-Jung , Shim Sang-Mu , Na Woonsung , Jeong Seo-Hee , Kim Jiyeon , Jang Jaebong , Song Daesub , Kim Jeong-Ki
Published: December 2021

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are carried by wild migratory waterfowl across migratory flyways. To determine the strains of circulating AIVs that may pose a risk to poultry and humans, regular surveillance studies must be performed. Here, we report the surveillance of circulating AIVs in South Korea during the winter seasons of 2009–2013. A total of 126 AIVs were isolated from 7942 fecal samples from wild migratory birds, with a total isolation rate of 1.59%. H1‒H7 and H9‒H11 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes, and N1‒N3, N5, and N7‒N9 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were successfully isolated, with H6 and N2 as the most predominant HA and NA subtypes, respectively. Sequence identity search showed that the HA and NA genes of the isolates were highly similar to those of low-pathogenicity influenza strains from the East Asian-Australasian flyway. No match was found for the HA genes of high-pathogenicity influenza strains. Thus, the AIV strains circulating in wild migratory birds from 2009 to 2013 in South Korea likely had low pathogenicity. Continuous surveillance studies such as this one must be performed to identify potential precursors of influenza viruses that may threaten animal and human health.
Safe electrophysiologic profile of dexmedetomidine in different experimental arrhythmia models
Authors: Ellermann Christian , Brandt Jonas , Wolfes Julian , Willy Kevin , Wegner Felix K. , Leitz Patrick , Lange Philipp S. , Reinke Florian , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit
Published: December 2021

Previous studies suggest an impact of dexmedetomidine on cardiac electrophysiology. However, experimental data is sparse. Therefore, purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine on different experimental models of proarrhythmia. 50 rabbit hearts were explanted and retrogradely perfused. The first group (n = 12) was treated with dexmedetomidine in ascending concentrations (3, 5 and 10 µM). Dexmedetomidine did not substantially alter action potential duration (APD) but reduced spatial dispersion of repolarization (SDR) and rendered the action potentials rectangular, resulting in no proarrhythmia. In further 12 hearts, erythromycin (300 µM) was administered to simulate long-QT-syndrome-2 (LQT2). Additional treatment with dexmedetomidine reduced SDR, thereby suppressing torsade de pointes. In the third group (n = 14), 0.5 µM veratridine was added to reduce the repolarization reserve. Further administration of dexmedetomidine did not influence APD, SDR or the occurrence of arrhythmias. In the last group (n = 12), a combination of acetylcholine (1 µM) and isoproterenol (1 µM) was used to facilitate atrial fibrillation. Additional treatment with dexmedetomidine prolonged the atrial APD but did not reduce AF episodes. In this study, dexmedetomidine did not significantly alter cardiac repolarization duration and was not proarrhythmic in different models of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Of note, dexmedetomidine might be antiarrhythmic in acquired LQT2 by reducing SDR.
Gas origin linked to paleo BSR
Authors: de la Cruz Vargas-Cordero Iván , Villar-Muñoz Lucia , Tinivella Umberta , Giustiniani Michela , Bangs Nathan , Bento Joaquim P. , Contreras-Reyes Eduardo
Published: December 2021

The Central-South Chile margin is an excellent site to address the changes in the gas hydrate system since the last deglaciation associated with tectonic uplift and great earthquakes. However, the dynamic of the gas hydrate/free gas system along south central Chile is currently not well understood. From geophysical data and modeling analyses, we evaluate gas hydrate/free gas concentrations along a seismic line, derive geothermal gradients, and model past positions of the Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR; until 13,000 years BP). The results reveal high hydrate/free gas concentrations and local geothermal gradient anomalies related to fluid migration through faults linked to seafloor mud volcanoes. The BSR-derived geothermal gradient, the base of free gas layers, BSR distribution and models of the paleo-BSR form a basis to evaluate the origin of the gas. If paleo-BSR coincides with the base of the free gas, the gas presence can be related to the gas hydrate dissociation due to climate change and geological evolution. Only if the base of free gas reflector is deeper than the paleo-BSR, a deeper gas supply can be invoked.
Cognitive profiling and proteomic analysis of the modafinil analogue S-CE-123 in experienced aged rats
Authors: Gyertyán István , Lubec Jana , Ernyey Alíz Judit , Gerner Christopher , Kassai Ferenc , Kalaba Predrag , Kozma Kata , Cobankovic Iva , Brenner Gábor , Wackerlig Judith , Franschitz Eva , Urban Ernst , Langer Thierry , Malikovic Jovana , Lubec Gert
Published: December 2021

The lack of novel cognitive enhancer drugs in the clinic highlights the prediction problems of animal assays. The objective of the current study was to test a putative cognitive enhancer in a rodent cognitive test system with improved translational validity and clinical predictivity. Cognitive profiling was complemented with post mortem proteomic analysis. Twenty-seven male Lister Hooded rats (26 months old) having learned several cognitive tasks were subchronically treated with S-CE-123 (CE-123) in a randomized blind experiment. Rats were sacrificed after the last behavioural procedure and plasma and brains were collected. A label-free quantification approach was used to characterize proteomic changes in the synaptosomal fraction of the prefrontal cortex. CE-123 markedly enhanced motivation which resulted in superior performance in a new-to-learn operant discrimination task and in a cooperation assay of social cognition, and mildly increased impulsivity. The compound did not affect attention, spatial and motor learning. Proteomic quantification revealed 182 protein groups significantly different between treatment groups containing several proteins associated with aging and neurodegeneration. Bioinformatic analysis showed the most relevant clusters delineating synaptic vesicle recycling, synapse organisation and antioxidant activity. The cognitive profile of CE-123 mapped by the test system resembles that of modafinil in the clinic showing the translational validity of the test system. The findings of modulated synaptic systems are paralleling behavioral results and are in line with previous evidence for the role of altered synaptosomal protein groups in mechanisms of cognitive function.
Self-observation of a virtual body-double engaged in social interaction reduces persecutory thoughts
Authors: Gorisse Geoffrey , Senel Gizem , Banakou Domna , Beacco Alejandro , Oliva Ramon , Freeman Daniel , Slater Mel
Published: December 2021

The proportion of the population who experience persecutory thoughts is 10–15%. People then engage in safety-seeking behaviours, typically avoiding social interactions, which prevents disconfirmatory experiences and hence paranoia persists. Here we show that persecutory thoughts can be reduced if prior to engaging in social interaction in VR participants first see their virtual body-double doing so. Thirty non-clinical participants were recruited to take part in a study, where they were embodied in a virtual body that closely resembled themselves, and asked to interact with members of a crowd. In the Random condition (n = 15) they observed their body-double wandering around but not engaging with the crowd. In the Targeted condition the body-double correctly interacted with members of the crowd. The Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale was measured 1 week before and 1 week after the exposure and decreased only for those in the Targeted condition. The results suggest that the observation of the body-double correctly carrying out a social interaction task in VR may lead to anxiety-reducing mental rehearsal for interaction thus overcoming safety behaviours. The results also extend knowledge of the effects of vicarious agency, suggesting that identification with the actions of body-double can influence subsequent psychological state.
Using a climate attribution statistic to inform judgments about changing fisheries sustainability
Authors: Litzow Michael A. , Malick Michael J. , Abookire Alisa A. , Duffy-Anderson Janet , Laurel Benjamin J. , Ressler Patrick H. , Rogers Lauren A.
Published: December 2021

Sustainability—maintaining catches within the historical range of socially and ecologically acceptable values—is key to fisheries success. Climate change may rapidly threaten sustainability, and recognizing these instances is important for effective climate adaptation. Here, we present one approach for evaluating changing sustainability under a changing climate. We use Bayesian regression models to compare fish population processes under historical climate norms and emerging anthropogenic extremes. To define anthropogenic extremes we use the Fraction of Attributable Risk (FAR), which estimates the proportion of risk for extreme ocean temperatures that can be attributed to human influence. We illustrate our approach with estimates of recruitment (production of young fish, a key determinant of sustainability) for two exploited fishes (Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus and walleye pollock G. chalcogrammus) in a rapidly warming ecosystem, the Gulf of Alaska. We show that recruitment distributions for both species have shifted towards zero during anthropogenic climate extremes. Predictions based on the projected incidence of anthropogenic temperature extremes indicate that expected recruitment, and therefore fisheries sustainability, is markedly lower in the current climate than during recent decades. Using FAR to analyze changing population processes may help fisheries managers and stakeholders to recognize situations when historical sustainability expectations should be reevaluated.
Species ethnobotanical values rather than regional species pool determine plant diversity in agroforestry systems
Authors: N’Woueni Daniel K. , Gaoue Orou G.
Published: December 2021

The conversion of natural systems into farms and agroecosystems is the main cause of biodiversity loss. In human-dominated landscapes, understanding the interactions between agroforestry systems and adjacent natural vegetation is fundamental to developing sustainable agricultural systems. Species can move between these two systems with natural systems providing the regional pool of species that shape the agricultural values and conservation value of the agroforestry systems. We investigated the influence of neighboring natural habitats on traditional agroforestry systems in the buffer zone of Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin to understand the contribution of regional processes on the quality of agroforestry systems. We expected that agroforestry parklands adjacent to natural vegetation with high species diversity will also have higher plant species diversity. We found no similarity in plant species composition between agroforestry systems and adjacent natural habitats. A small proportion of species in adjacent natural habitats were found in agroforestry systems. The proportion of shared species was not significantly influenced by plant diversity in adjacent natural habitats or the distance from the agroforestry systems to the natural adjacent habitat. However, plant diversity in agroforestry systems was strongly associated with site ethnobotanical values indicating that farmers act as a supplemental but severe environmental filter of the regional species pool. Our study suggests that promoting the plantation of plants with high ethnobotanical use-value is a potentially viable strategy for sustainable agriculture and ecological restoration in Biosphere reserves.
A case control study of occupation and cardiovascular disease risk in Japanese men and women
Authors: Fukai Kota , Furuya Yuko , Nakazawa Shoko , Kojimahara Noriko , Hoshi Keika , Toyota Akihiro , Tatemichi Masayuki
Published: December 2021

We aimed to investigate the risks of cardiovascular diseases associated with specific occupations, using a nation-wide, multicentre, hospital-based registry data from the Inpatient Clinico-Occupational Survey. The analysis included 539,110 controls (non-circulatory disease) and 23,792 cases (cerebral infarction, intracerebral/subarachnoid hemorrhage, acute myocardial infarction) aged ≥ 20 years who were initially hospitalized during 2005–2015. The participants’ occupational and clinical histories were collected by interviewers and medical doctors. Occupations were coded into 81 categories according to the Japanese standard occupation classification. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, admission year and hospital, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and shift-work was conducted by sex using general clerical workers as the reference. Increased risks of cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and acute myocardial infarction, were observed in 15, 20, 25, and 1 occupation(s) in men, and 9, 2, 2, and 10 occupations in women. Motor vehicle drivers, food and drink preparatory workers, fishery workers, cargo workers, civil engineer workers, and other manual workers in men and other manual workers in women faced increased risks of all three stroke subtypes. Our findings demonstrate associations between specific occupations and the risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and suggest that the risk may vary by occupation.
Podocalyxin promotes an impermeable epithelium and inhibits pro-implantation factors to negatively regulate endometrial receptivity
Authors: Heng Sophea , Samarajeewa Nirukshi , Wang Yao , Paule Sarah G. , Breen James , Nie Guiying
Published: December 2021

Embryo implantation is a key step in establishing pregnancy and a major limiting factor in IVF. Implantation requires a receptive endometrium but the mechanisms governing receptivity are not well understood. We have recently discovered that podocalyxin (PCX or PODXL) is a key negative regulator of human endometrial receptivity. PCX is expressed in all endometrial epithelial cells in the non-receptive endometrium but selectively down-regulated in the luminal epithelium at receptivity. We have further demonstrated that this down-regulation is essential for implantation because PCX inhibits embryo attachment and penetration. However, how PCX confers this role is unknown. In this study, through RNAseq analysis of Ishikawa cell line stably overexpressing PCX, we discovered that PCX suppresses expression of genes controlling cell adhesion and communication, but increases those governing epithelial barrier functions, especially the adherens and tight junctions. Moreover, PCX suppresses multiple factors such as LIF and signaling pathways including Wnt and calcium signaling that support receptivity but stimulates anti-implantation genes such as LEFTY2. Functional studies confirmed that PCX promotes epithelial barrier functions by increasing key epithelial junction proteins such as E-cadherin and claudin 4. PCX thus promotes an anti-adhesive and impermeable epithelium while impedes pro-implantation factors to negatively control endometrial receptivity for implantation.
Analysis of cytokines in the aqueous humor during intravitreal Ranibizumab treatment of diabetic macular edema
Authors: de Freitas Luiz Guilherme Azevedo , Isaac David Leonardo Cruvinel , Abud Murilo Batista , Segundo Alexandre Dantas Soares Quintas , Barros Mariana Larissa Alvino , de Albuquerque Gabriela Caroline Monteiro , Guimarães Bruna Dantas Aires , de Morais Clarice Neuenschwander Lins , de Ávila Marcos Pereira
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of VEGF, b-FGF, TNF, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 in the aqueous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema with and without peripheral retinal ischemia and to ascertain the changes in the levels of these molecules during treatment with ranibizumab. A therapeutic, prospective, randomized interventional study was carried out. Twenty-four eyes from 24 patients were studied and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (9 eyes) included patients with diabetic macular edema without peripheral ischemia. Group 2 (10 eyes) included patients with diabetic macular edema with peripheral ischemia. Group 3 (5 eyes), the control group, included patients without systemic and/or eye diseases. Patients in Groups 1 and 2 received 3 intravitreal injections of 2 mg/0.05 ml ranibizumab at an interval of approximately 30 days. Before administering the injections, the aqueous humor was collected. In the control group, aqueous humor was collected before facetectomy. During treatment, the median IL-6 concentration significantly increased in Group 1 but showed a slight but not significant decrease in Group 2. Interleukin 8 levels were significantly different at the end of treatment compared to the beginning in Groups 1 and 2. TNF, IL-1, IL-10, and IL-12 levels were practically unchanged in both groups. VEGF was significantly reduced at the end of the study in Groups 1 and 2. B-FGF was not detected in most of the studied patients, and in those with detectable levels, there was no significant variation. There was a significant increase in the median level of interleukin 6 in the group without ischemia and a significant decrease in VEGF in both groups. The cytokines TNF, IL-1, IL-10, and IL-12 did not show significant variation.
Er:YAG laser irradiation enhances bacterial and lipopolysaccharide clearance and human gingival fibroblast adhesion on titanium discs
Authors: Wang Chen-Ying , Lee Bor-Shiunn , Jhang Ya-Ting , Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai , Huang Chen-Pang , Fu Kuan-Lun , Lai Chern-Hsiung , Tseng Wan-Yu , Kuo Mark Yen-Ping , Chen Yi-Wen
Published: December 2021

To investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium disks. Grade IV titanium discs (n = 216) were used and allocated to 6 groups. Group 1 was the negative control without Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation. Discs in Groups 2–6 were incubated with P. gingivalis to form a biofilm. Group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine irrigation and Group 4 received titanium curettage to remove the biofilm. Group 5 was treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation and Group 6 was treated with titanium curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation. The contact angle and surface roughness were measured after the various treatments. The surface microstructure and residual bacteria were examined using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Residual LPS was examined using a limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and human gingival fibroblast adhesion was quantified using fluorescent microscopy. Curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective method for removing bacteria and LPS. No significant difference in the amount of fibroblast adhesion was found between the control and Group 6. Combined use of Er:YAG laser irradiation and curettage optimizes LPS clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium discs.
Optimised techniques for high-throughput screening of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and application for neurite outgrowth assays
Authors: Dravid Anusha , Raos Brad , Svirskis Darren , O’Carroll Simon J.
Published: December 2021

Neuronal models are a crucial tool in neuroscientific research, helping to elucidate the molecular and cellular processes involved in disorders of the nervous system. Adapting these models to a high-throughput format enables simultaneous screening of multiple agents within a single assay. SH-SY5Y cells have been widely used as a neuronal model, yet commonly in an undifferentiated state that is not representative of mature neurons. Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y cells is a necessary step to obtain cells that express mature neuronal markers. Despite this understanding, the absence of a standardised protocol has limited the use of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells in high-throughput assay formats. Here, we describe techniques to differentiate and re-plate SH-SY5Y cells within a 96-well plate for high-throughput screening. SH-SY5Y cells seeded at an initial density of 2,500 cells/well in a 96-well plate provide sufficient space for neurites to extend, without impacting cell viability. Room temperature pre-incubation for 1 h improved the plating homogeneity within the well and the ability to analyse neurites. We then demonstrated the efficacy of our techniques by optimising it further for neurite outgrowth analysis. The presented methods achieve homogenously distributed differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, useful for researchers using these cells in high-throughput screening assays.
Table2Vec-automated universal representation learning of enterprise data DNA for benchmarkable and explainable enterprise data science
Authors: Cao Longbing , Zhu Chengzhang
Published: December 2021

Enterprise data typically involves multiple heterogeneous data sources and external data that respectively record business activities, transactions, customer demographics, status, behaviors, interactions and communications with the enterprise, and the consumption and feedback of its products, services, production, marketing, operations, and management, etc. They involve enterprise DNA associated with domain-oriented transactions and master data, informational and operational metadata, and relevant external data. A critical challenge in enterprise data science is to enable an effective ‘whole-of-enterprise’ data understanding and data-driven discovery and decision-making on all-round enterprise DNA. Accordingly, here we introduce a neural encoder Table2Vec for automated universal representation learning of entities such as customers from all-round enterprise DNA with automated data characteristics analysis and data quality augmentation. The learned universal representations serve as representative and benchmarkable enterprise data genomes (similar to biological genomes and DNA in organisms) and can be used for enterprise-wide and domain-specific learning tasks. Table2Vec integrates automated universal representation learning on low-quality enterprise data and downstream learning tasks. Such automated universal enterprise representation and learning cannot be addressed by existing enterprise data warehouses (EDWs), business intelligence and corporate analytics systems, where ‘enterprise big tables’ are constructed with reporting and analytics conducted by specific analysts on respective domain subjects and goals. It addresses critical limitations and gaps of existing representation learning, enterprise analytics and cloud analytics, which are analytical subject, task and data-specific, creating analytical silos in an enterprise. We illustrate Table2Vec in characterizing all-round customer data DNA in an enterprise on complex heterogeneous multi-relational big tables to build universal customer vector representations. The learned universal representation of each customer is all-round, representative and benchmarkable to support both enterprise-wide and domain-specific learning goals and tasks in enterprise data science. Table2Vec significantly outperforms the existing shallow, boosting and deep learning methods typically used for enterprise analytics. We further discuss the research opportunities, directions and applications of automated universal enterprise representation and learning and the learned enterprise data DNA for automated, all-purpose, whole-of-enterprise and ethical machine learning and data science.
Extracellular volume is an independent predictor of arrhythmic burden in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rubiś Pawel P. , Dziewięcka Ewa M. , Banyś Paweł , Urbańczyk-Zawadzka Małgorzata , Krupiński Maciej , Mielnik Małgorzata , Łach Jacek , Ząbek Andrzej , Wiśniowska-Śmiałek Sylwia , Podolec Piotr , Karabinowska Aleksandra , Holcman Katarzyna , Garlitski Ann C.
Published: December 2021

The current stratification of arrhythmic risk in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is sub-optimal. Cardiac fibrosis is involved in the pathology of arrhythmias; however, the relationship between cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) derived extracellular volume (ECV) and arrhythmic burden (AB) in DCM is unknown. This study sought to evaluate the presence and extent of replacement and interstitial fibrosis in DCM and to compare the degree of fibrosis between DCM patients with and without AB. This is a prospective, single-center, observational study. Between May 2019 and September 2020, 102 DCM patients underwent CMR T1 mapping. 99 DCM patients (88 male, mean age 45.2 ± 11.8 years, mean EF 29.7 ± 10%) composed study population. AB was defined as the presence of VT or a high burden of PVCs. There were 41 (41.4%) patients with AB and 58 (58.6%) without AB. Replacement fibrosis was assessed with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), whereas interstitial fibrosis with ECV. Overall, LGE was identified in 41% of patients. There was a similar distribution of LGE (without AB 50% vs. with AB 53.7%;p = 0.8) and LGE extent (without AB 4.36 ± 5.77% vs. with AB 4.68 ± 3.98%;p = 0.27) in both groups. ECV at nearly all myocardial segments and a global ECV were higher in patients with AB (global ECV: 27.9 ± 4.9 vs. 30.3 ± 4.2;p < 0.02). Only indexed left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (HR 1.1, 95%CI 1.0–1.2;p < 0.02) and global ECV (HR 1.12, 95%CI 1.0–1.25;p < 0.02) were independently associated with AB. The global ECV cut-off value of 31.05% differentiated both groups (AUC 0.713; 95%CI 0.598–0.827;p < 0.001). Neither qualitative nor quantitative LGE-based assessment of replacement fibrosis allowed for the stratification of DCM patients into low or high AB. Interstitial fibrosis, expressed as ECV, was an independent predictor of AB in DCM. Incorporation of CMR parametric indices into decision-making processes may improve arrhythmic risk stratification in DCM.
Comprehensive transcriptome characterization of Grus japonensis using PacBio SMRT and Illumina sequencing
Authors: Ye Wentao , Xu Wei , Xu Nan , Chen Rong , Lu Changhu , Liu Hongyi
Published: December 2021

The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is an endangered species distributed across southeast Russia, northeast China, Korea, and Japan. Here, we sequenced for the first time the full-length unreferenced transcriptome of red-crowned crane mixed samples using a PacBio Sequel platform. A total of 359,136 circular consensus sequences (CCS) were obtained via clustering to remove redundancy. A total of 303,544 full-length non-chimeric sequences were identified by judging whether CCS contained 5′ and 3′ adapters, and the poly(A) tail. Eight samples were sequenced using Illumina, and PacBio sequencing data were corrected according to the collected Illumina data to obtain more accurate full-length transcripts. A total of 4,100 long non-coding RNAs, 13,115 simple sequences repeat loci and 29 transcription factor families were identified. The expression of lncRNAs and TFs in pancreas was lowest comparing with other tissues. Many enriched immune-related transmission pathways (MHC and IL receptors) were identified in the spleen. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the gene structure and post-transcriptional regulatory network, and provide references for future studies on red-crowned cranes.
Stability of healthy subgingival microbiome across space and time
Authors: Tamashiro Ryan , Strange Leah , Schnackenberg Kristin , Santos Janelle , Gadalla Hana , Zhao Lisa , Li Eric C. , Hill Emilie , Hill Brett , Sidhu Gurjit , Kirst Mariana , Walker Clay , Wang Gary P.
Published: December 2021

The subgingival microbiome is one of the most stable microbial ecosystems in the human body. Alterations in the subgingival microbiome have been associated with periodontal disease, but their variations over time and between different subgingival sites in periodontally healthy individuals have not been well described. We performed extensive, longitudinal sampling of the subgingival microbiome from five periodontally healthy individuals to define baseline spatial and temporal variations. A total of 251 subgingival samples from 5 subjects were collected over 6–12 months and deep sequenced. The overall microbial diversity and composition differed significantly between individuals. Within each individual, we observed considerable differences in microbiome composition between different subgingival sites. However, for a given site, the microbiome was remarkably stable over time, and this stability was associated with increased microbial diversity but was inversely correlated with the enrichment of putative periodontal pathogens. In contrast to microbiome composition, the predicted functional metagenome was similar across space and time, suggesting that periodontal health is associated with shared gene functions encoded by different microbiome consortia that are individualized. To our knowledge, this is one of the most detailed longitudinal analysis of the healthy subgingival microbiome to date that examined the longitudinal variability of different subgingival sites within individuals. These results suggest that a single measurement of the healthy subgingival microbiome at a given site can provide long term information of the microbial composition and functional potential, but sampling of each site is necessary to define the composition and community structure at individual subgingival sites.
The utilization of Blaptica dubia cockroaches as an in vivo model to test antibiotic efficacy
Authors: Collins Elliot , Martin Caleb , Blomquist Tyler , Phillips Katherine , Cantlay Stuart , Fisher Nathan , Horzempa Joseph
Published: December 2021

Insects are now well recognized as biologically relevant alternative hosts for dozens of mammalian pathogens and they are routinely used in microbial pathogenesis studies. Unfortunately, these models have yet to be incorporated into the drug development pipeline. The purpose of this work was to begin to evaluate the utility of orange spotted (Blaptica dubia) cockroaches in early antibiotic characterization. To determine whether these model hosts could exhibit mortality when infected with bacteria that are pathogenic to humans, we subjected B. dubia roaches to a range of infectious doses of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii to identify the medial lethal dose. These results showed that lethal disease did not develop following infection of high doses of S. aureus, and A. baumannii. However, cockroaches infected with E. coli and K. pneumoniae succumbed to infection (LD50s of 5.82 × 106 and 2.58 × 106 respectively) suggesting that this model may have limitations based on pathogen specificity. However, because these cockroaches were susceptible to infection from E. coli and K. pneumoniae, we used these bacterial strains for subsequent antibiotic characterization studies. These studies suggested that β-lactam antibiotic persistence and dose was associated with reduction of hemolymph bacterial burden. Moreover, our data indicated that the reduction of bacterial CFU was directly due to the drug activity. Altogether, this work suggests that the orange-spotted cockroach infection model provides an alternative in vivo setting from which antibiotic efficacy can be evaluated.
Valorization of winery and distillery by-products by hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Barbanera Marco , Cardarelli Alessandro , Carota Eleonora , Castellini Marco , Giannoni Tommaso , Ubertini Stefano
Published: December 2021

This work aims at finding an alternative strategy to manage the waste generated by the winemaking industry to obtain a solid biofuel and phenolic compounds. The effect of temperature (180–260 °C), residence time (1–7 h), and biomass-to-liquid ratio (0.05–0.25) on the co-hydrothermal carbonization of vine pruning and exhausted grape pomace, by using vinasse as moisture source, is studied. The effect of the variables is investigated and optimized using the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology to maximize mass yield, fuel ratio, energy densification yield and phenols extraction yield and to minimize energy consumption. The statistical analysis shows that the carbonization temperature is a crucial parameter of the process, decreasing the product yield on one hand and improving the quality of hydrochar on the other. At the optimal conditions (246.3 °C, 1.6 h, 0.066), an hydrochar yield of 52.64% and a calorific value of 24.1 MJ/kg were obtained. Moreover, the analysis of the H/C and O/C ratios of hydrochars demonstrates that carbonisation significantly improves the fuel properties of solid biofuel. Liquid by-products obtained from the HTC process are found to contain high concentrations of organic matter but the BOD/COD ratios suggest their potential valorization by biological methods.
In situ lymphoma imaging in a spontaneous mouse model using the Cerenkov Luminescence of F-18 and Ga-67 isotopes
Authors: Ritter Zsombor , Zámbó Katalin , Balogh Péter , Szöllősi Dávid , Jia Xinkai , Balázs Ákos , Taba Gabriella , Dezső Dániel , Horváth Ildikó , Alizadeh Hussain , Tuch David , Vyas Kunal , Hegedűs Nikolett , Kovács Tibor , Szigeti Krisztián , Máthé Domokos , Schmidt Erzsébet
Published: December 2021

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a promising approach to image-guided surgery and pathological sampling. It could offer additional advantages when combined to whole-body isotope tomographies. We aimed to obtain evidence of its applicability in lymphoma patho-diagnostics, thus we decided to investigate the radiodiagnostic potential of combined PET or SPECT/CLI in an experimental, novel spontaneous high-grade B-cell lymphoma mouse model (Bc.DLFL1). We monitored the lymphoma dissemination at early stage, and at clinically relevant stages such as advanced stage and terminal stage with in vivo 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 67Ga-citrate single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/MRI. In vivo imaging was combined with ex vivo high resolution CLI. The use of CLI with 18F-Fluorine (F-18) and 67Ga-Gallium isotopes in the selection of infiltrated lymph nodes for tumor staging and pathology was thus tested. At advanced stage, FDG PET/MRI plus ex vivo CLI allowed accurate detection of FDG accumulation in lymphoma-infiltrated tissues. At terminal stage we detected tumorous lymph nodes with SPECT/MRI and we could report in vivo detection of the Cerenkov light emission of 67Ga. CLI with 67Ga-citrate revealed lymphoma accumulation in distant lymph node locations, unnoticeable with only MRI. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry confirmed these imaging results. Our study promotes the combined use of PET and CLI in preclinical studies and clinical practice. Heterogeneous FDG distribution in lymph nodes, detected at sampling surgery, has implications for tissue pathology processing and it could direct therapy. The results with 67Ga also point to the opportunities to further apply suitable SPECT radiopharmaceuticals for CLI.
First report from a single center retrospective study in Kazakhstan on acute myeloid leukemia treatment outcomes
Authors: Kulkayeva G. U. , Kemaykin V. M. , Kuttymuratov A. M. , Burlaka Z. I. , Saparbay J. Z. , Zhakhina G. T. , Adusheva A. A. , Dosayeva S. D.
Published: December 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematological malignancy in adults. In the last decade, internationally approved AML treatment guidelines, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are widely used in Kazakhstan. The categorization of acute myeloid leukemia was done according to the French-American British classification. The prognosis of patients at the time of diagnosis was determined by cytogenetic tests following the guidelines of the European LeukemiaNet. The overall survival and event-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and hazard ratios were defined with Cox regression. In total, 398 patients with AML were treated in the National Research Oncology Center between 2010 and 2020. The mean age was 38.3 years. We found a correlation between ethnicity, cytogenetic group, white blood cell count, and treatment approaches with overall and event-free survival. There was a significantly longer OS in a cytogenetic group with a good prognosis compared with intermediate and poor prognosis. The median survival time in the group with a good prognosis was 43 months, 23 months in the intermediate group (p = 0.7), and 12 months in the poor prognosis group (p = 0.016). There was a significantly longer OS for the group of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 52 months versus 10 months in the group who received chemotherapy only, p-value < 0.0001. Prognostic factors, such as cytogenetic group, initial WBC count, and treatment approaches are significantly associated with patient survival. Our study data were consistent with the most recent studies, available in the literature adjusted for the population in question.
A minimal standardized human bone marrow microphysiological system to assess resident cell behavior during normal and pathological processes
Authors: Voeltzel Thibault , Fossard Gaëlle , Degaud Michaël , Geistlich Kevin , Gadot Nicolas , Jeanpierre Sandrine , Mikaelian Ivan , Brevet Marie , Anginot Adrienne , Le Bousse-Kerdilès Marie-Caroline , Trichet Valérie , Lefort Sylvain , Maguer-Satta Véronique
Published: December 2021

We provide an easy to access microphysiological standardized system approaching the human bone marrow complexity to a first level of analysis by in situ imaging or by viable cell harvesting of processes taking place within this ecosystem.
Hydrogenation of CO2 into aromatics over ZnZrO–Zn/HZSM-5 composite catalysts derived from ZIF-8
Authors: Tian Haifeng , Jiao Jiapeng , Zha Fei , Guo Xiaojun , Tang Xiaohua , Chang Yue , Chen Hongshan
Published: December 2021

CO2 hydrogenation to aromatics over a ZnZr8O(350)–Zn/Z5 composite catalyst.
MOF-derived Ru@ZIF-8 catalyst with the extremely low metal Ru loading for selective hydrogenolysis of C–O bonds in lignin model compounds under mild conditions
Authors: Jiang Wei , Cao Jing-Pei , Xie Jin-Xuan , Zhao Liang , Zhang Chuang , Zhu Chen , Zhao Xiao-Yan , Zhao Yun-Peng , Zhang Jian-Li
Published: December 2021

A MOF-derived Ru@ZIF-8 catalyst with extremely low Ru loading effectively cleaved the C–O bonds of lignin model compounds under mild conditions.
Band-gap-graded Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 drives highly efficient solar cells
Authors: Guo Hongling , Meng Rutao , Wang Gang , Wang Shenghao , Wu Li , Li Jianjun , Wang Zuoyun , Dong Jiabin , Hao Xiaojing , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2021

Band-gap-graded CZTSSe was formed successfully, and the carrier transport through the p-n junction was improved greatly; thus, the power conversion efficiency was increased by 45%.
Aerobic biotransformation of a novel highly functionalized polyfluoroether-based surfactant using activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Joudan Shira , Mabury Scott A.
Published: December 2021

We incubated a novel fluorosurfactant with wastewater treatment plant sludge and identified smaller PFAS biotransformation products with lower bioaccumulation potential compared to the starting material.
Riceberry rice beverage decreases postprandial glycemic response, inflammatory markers and antioxidant status induced by a high-carbohydrate and moderate-fat meal in overweight and obese men
Authors: Anuyahong Tanisa , Chusak Charoonsri , Adisakwattana Sirichai
Published: December 2021

Consumption of riceberry rice beverage prevented high-carbohydrate and moderate-fat meal-induced postprandial glycemic, lipemic, and pro-inflammatory responses and improved plasma antioxidant capacity in overweight and obese participants.
Oxygen vacancies enable excellent electrochemical kinetics of carbon coated mesoporous SnO2nanoparticles in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Venugopal Boya , Pratheeksha Parakandy Muzhikara , Bayikadi Khasim Saheb , Veluri Pavan Srinivas , Krishna Mantripragada Rama , Sarada Bulusu Venkata , Rao Tata Narasinga , Daniel Paul Joseph , Anandan Srinivasan
Published: December 2021

Hydrothermally synthesized mesoporous carbon coated SnO2nanoparticles (NPs) with numerous oxygen vacancies as a promising anode for lithium ion battery applications.
Organic charge transfer complex at the boundary between superconductors and insulators: critical role of a marginal part of the conduction pathways
Authors: Naito Toshio , Takeda Hayato , Matsuzawa Yusuke , Kurihara Megumi , Yamada Akio , Nakamura Yusuke , Yamamoto Takashi
Published: December 2021

We have found that the electrical properties of an organic charge transfer salt are qualitatively affected by slight differences in the conformation of one of the ethylene groups, which is not involved in the conduction pathways.
Photochromic behavior of diarylbenzene nanoparticles prepared by top-down and bottom-up approaches
Authors: Hamatani Shota , Kitagawa Daichi , Maegawa Rikuto , Kobatake Seiya
Published: December 2021

Different fabrication methods of nanoparticles resulted in different photochromic behaviors.
Criteria for evaluating lithium–air batteries in academia to correctly predict their practical performance in industry
Authors: Matsuda Shoichi , Ono Manai , Yamaguchi Shoji , Uosaki Kohei
Published: December 2021

The criteria for evaluating lithium–air batteries in laboratory-based experiments are proposed for accurately predicting the performance of practical cells in industry.
Homogeneous and well-aligned GaN nanowire arrays via a modified HVPE process and their cathodoluminescence properties
Authors: Zhang Cai , Jin Xin , Liang Yan , Yang Liu , Li Jing , Wang Rui , Liu Baodan , Lv Xuewei , Jiang Xin
Published: December 2021

Well-aligned GaN nanowire array grown by modified HVPE process.
Unexpected and frustrating transformations of double-decker silsesquioxanes
Authors: Rzonsowska Monika , Mituła Katarzyna , Duszczak Julia , Kasperkowiak Małgorzata , Januszewski Rafał , Grześkiewicz Anita , Kubicki Maciej , Głowacka Daria , Dudziec Beata
Published: December 2021

This paper outlines an unexpected type of intramolecular transformation of DDSQ during hydrolytic condensation and surprising catalytic reactivity in silylative coupling.
Development of Au NPs-decorated filter paper as a SERS platform for the detection of benzidine
Authors: Wang Rong , cao Hongyan
Published: December 2021

A simple and cost-efficient strategy was used to construct a uniform Au NPs decorated filter paper SERS substrates for the detection of benzidine.
Folic acid and deoxycholic acid derivative modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for efficient pH-dependent drug release and multi-targeting against liver cancer cells
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Ma Qing , Wen Chaochao , Gong Tao , Li Jing , Liang Wenting , Li Meining , Wang Yuyao , Guo Rui
Published: December 2021

A nano-drug carrier, FDCA-FA-MNPs was constructed by modifying Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with formyl deoxycholic acid (FDCA) and folic acid (FA) with double-targeting, pH-triggered drug release and excellent tumor cell killing efficiency.
Preparation and catalytic behavior of antioxidant cassava starch with selenium active sites and hydrophobic microenvironments
Authors: Shi Cheng , Huang Qiugang , Zhang Ruirui , Liang Xingtang , Wang Feng , Liu Zijie , Liu Min , Hu Huayu , Yin Yanzhen
Published: December 2021

The preparation of antioxidant starch with the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) for scavenging free radicals can not only enrich the types of modified starch but also alternate native GPx to overcome its drawbacks.
New 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl hydrazones with combined antiparasitic and antioxidant activity
Authors: Argirova Maria A. , Georgieva Miglena K. , Hristova-Avakumova Nadya G. , Vuchev Dimitar I. , Popova-Daskalova Galya V. , Anichina Kameliya K. , Yancheva Denitsa Y.
Published: December 2021

The design of new drug candidates that combine anthelmintic and antioxidant actions in one molecule offers a beneficial approach in the treatment of the tissue damages, immune system dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by trichinellosis.
Matrix-dispersed magnetic molecularly-imprinted polyaniline for the effective removal of chlorpyrifos pesticide from contaminated water
Authors: Saad Hadeel , Nour El-Dien F. A. , El-Gamel Nadia E. A. , Abo Dena Ahmed S.
Published: December 2021

An efficient magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer adsorbent for removal of chlorpyrifos organophosphate pesticide from water is reported.
Asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition synthesis of 4H-chromene derivatives facilitated by group-assisted-purification (GAP) chemistry
Authors: Rouh Hossein , Tang Yao , Zhang Sai , Ali Ahmed I. M. , Surowiec Kazimierz , Unruh Daniel , Li Guigen
Published: December 2021

A new asymmetric method for the synthesis of highly functionalized 4H-chromenes was developed via Group-Assisted Purification (GAP) chemistry and shown in good to high yield and excellent diastereoselectivity.
Beshanzoides A–D, unprecedented cycloheptanone-containing polyketides from Penicillium commune P-4-1, an endophytic fungus of the endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis
Authors: Chen Hao-Wei , Jiang Chun-Xiao , Li Jiyang , Li Na , Zang Yi , Wu Xi-Ying , Chen Wen-Xue , Xiong Juan , Li Jia , Hu Jin-Feng
Published: December 2021

Four unprecedented cycloheptanone-containing and some related known bioactive polyketides were isolated from an endophytic fungus associated with the critically endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis.
A highly active Ca/Cu/YCeO2–TiO2 catalyst for the transient reduction of NO with CO and naphthalene under oxidizing conditions
Authors: Sánchez Luis , Aguila Gonzalo , Araya Paulo , Quijada Sergio , Guerrero Sichem
Published: December 2021

A highly-active Ca/Cu/YCeO2–TiO2 catalyst shows full conversion of CO and naphthalene and 72% conversion of NO under oxygen.
Rapid cyclic ion mobility separations of monosaccharide building blocks as a first step toward a high-throughput reaction screening platform for carbohydrate syntheses
Authors: Peterson Tyler L. , Nagy Gabe
Published: December 2021

High-resolution cyclic ion mobility separations enable the rapid resolution of α/β anomers in carbohydrate building blocks and their associated anomeric impurities.
Recent advances in upconversion nanoparticle-based nanocomposites for gas therapy
Authors: Yang Nailin , Gong Fei , Cheng Liang
Published: December 2021

UCNPs can convert the long wavelength of light to UV-Vis light for the controlled gas release owing to their unique upconversion luminescence (UCL) ability. This review summarized the recent progress of UCNP-based nanocomposites in gas therapy.
Stereoelectronic and dynamical effects dictate nitrogen inversion during valence isomerism in benzene imine
Authors: Mandal Nilangshu , Das Ankita , Hajra Chandralekha , Datta Ayan
Published: December 2021

Non-classical processes such as heavy-atom tunneling and post transition-state dynamics govern stereoselectivity for benzene imine ⇌ 1H-azepine.
Improving all ternary small-molecule organic solar cells by optimizing short wavelength photon harvesting and exciton dissociation based on a bisadduct analogue of [70]PCBM as a third component material
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Wang Hong-En
Published: December 2021

The ternary OSCs achieve a PCE of 12.97% by incorporating blend acceptor (Y6:bisPC71BM). Around 12% PCE improvement is achieved on the basis of binary OSCs, which is mainly attributed to the complementary light absorption and broaden energy bandgap.
The combination of structure and material distribution ensures functionality of the honeybee wing-coupling mechanism
Authors: Ma Yun , Ren Huilan , Ning Jianguo , Gorb Stanislav
Published: December 2021

We explore the four combined biomechanical strategies underlying the stability and durability of the honeybee wing-coupling.
A coaxial zinc–tin vertically oriented array-based anode for achieving ultrahigh areal current and capacity up to 80 mA cm−2 and 80 mA h cm−2
Authors: Wang Shiwen , Zheng Huaiyang , Ding Junwei , Wu Shide , Fang Shaoming
Published: December 2021

A coaxial Zn–Sn vertically oriented array-based anode is constructed via a facile rolling–winding method. The obtained anode can work at ultrahigh areal current/capacity up to 80 mA cm−2/80 mA h cm−2.