REGULATION OF ECOLOGIC-AND-ECONOMICAL RISKS AND THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR HUMAN WELL-BEING: FOR EXAMPLE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors: PETRUSHENKO M. M. , SHEVCHENKO H. M. 
Published: April 2019

Topicality. The ecological situation has a special aggravation in the form of environmental, in particular, economic-environmental conflicts, which in Ukraine and other countries during the last decade have become widespread and have increased numerically: “amber” conflicts in the west and in the center of the country; antagonistic actions on its east, which have environmental consequences and, including that, caused by a factor of natural resources. Particularly, there are conflicts related to the negative management of domestic waste (for example, in Lviv) and hazardous industrial waste (for example, in Shostka of the Sumy region). The problem does not find its positive solution as a result of deliberately ignoring the interests of the individual as the main recipient of the consequences of the ecological-economic processes. Required humanistic approach and anthropocentric view: it is impossible to objectively avoid the presence of environmental issues, but to risk the lives and health of people through the environmental consequences of economic activity, neither the state nor business entities have no moral right.Aim and tasks. The objective of the research is to substantiate the theoretical analysis of ecological and economic risks, in the context of their regulation towards increasing the well-being of the individual and the population in general and, therefore, viewing from this angle the role of the state and the society in resolving conflicting environmental-economic issues, in particular, on the example of waste management, on the basis of the principle of responsibility.Research results. The theoretical positions defining the role of the state and society in the regulation of conflict environmental-and-economic issues (in particular, in the field of waste management through the introduction of low-waste technologies) affecting human well-being is considered in the article. The necessity of incorporating the environmental component into the well-being structure along with the expected life expectancy, availability and quality of medicine and education, GDP per capita, etc. is substantiated. This problem can be resolved positively, if the interests of the individual as the main recipient of the consequences of the environmental-and-economic processes are not ignored. The contradiction between the necessity of a humanistic approach and anthropocentric view is disclosed, on the one hand, and the objective inability to avoid the presence of conflict-environmental issues and fundamentally the risk of human life and health through their consequences, on the other. The complex of economic, political-and-managerial, social, demographic and cultural indicators is proposed that should be taken into account when assessing the role of the state and society in regulating environmental-and-economic risks in the direction of maintaining human well-being. Stages of the mechanism of such regulation are considered as that including identification of ecological- and-economic situations of conflict, substantiation of complexity of regulation of ecological-and-economic risks, forecast estimation of environmental damage caused as a result of unregulated ecological-and-economic risks, as well as formulation of recommendations for the creation and further development of a mechanism for their regulation.Conclusions. It is concluded that the role of the state is to create a framework that limits the ecological-and-economic activity, which leads to a decrease in human well-being; and motivates the search for new ways of production and management, that in a more strict state policy for ensuring human well-being allows to achieve the desired level of economic efficiency. Society from its side plays the role of the consumer of changes in such a policy. Adequate maintenance of welfare requires joint actions of the state and society in regulating ecological-and-economic risks. In the field of waste management, the solution of this issue requires, first of all, the introduction of low-energy technologies and increasing the environmental awareness of producers and consumers of products, which is associated with the generation of waste. In other words, increasing the well-being of the population also depends on how responsible all the parties concerned will deal with the issue of waste, its environmental and economic aspects.