bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robertsonian translocation in the house mouse: a tale of chromosomal speciation
Authors: Garagna Silvia , Zuccotti Maurizio , Capanna Ernesto , Redi Carloalberto
Published: October 2018

The subspecies Mus musculus domesticus has a very high chromosome number variability for the presence, in different populations, of different numbers of metacentric chromosomes. These metacentrics are derived by Robertsonian fusion, i.e. the joining of two acro/telocentrics at the centromeres. Since the discovery in 1969 by Alfred Gropp of the first chromosomal variant in an isolated mouse population of the Swiss Poschiavo Valley, more than 100 geographically distinct chromosomal races with metacentrics fixed in homozygosity have been described. The friendship and the common scientific interests among Alfred Gropp, Ernesto Capanna and Maria Gabriella Manfredi Romanini have primed a wealth of studies on the â€œRobertsonian phenomenonâ€ in this species. These studies have contributed to elucidate i) the molecular bases of metacentric chromosomes formation, ii) the establishment of metacentric races and iii) the impact that chromosome heterozygosities exert on reproductive isolation and speciation.
Tribute to prof. Maria Gabriella Manfredi Romanini
Authors: Meola Giovanni
Published: October 2018

Not available
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: Beretta Silvio
Published: October 2018

Not available.
PER UNA STORIA DI DUE SECOLI DEL LOMBARDO E DI 150 ANNI DEL POLITECNICO
Authors: Silvestri Andrea
Published: October 2018

The focus of this essay is on the relationship in Italy between scientific and technical culture on the one hand and â€œeconomic Risorgimentoâ€ on the other hand (the latter to be understood as the condition and the driving force of the â€œpolitical Risorgimentoâ€). In the first part this relationship is shown to be linked to the more general idea of bringing Italy back into â€œmodern European civilizationâ€, which in the first half of the XIX century was expressed both in heightened technological innovation and production, and in the rise of national movements for emancipation and independence. In the second part of the essay the measures are considered which were taken by the ruling classes after Unification in the face of remarkable difficulties and resistances. Thanks to such measures, the cultural conditions were created which enabled the subsequent industrial take-off between the XIX and XX century.
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: Beretta Silvio
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile
MILANO ECONOMICA E LE SUE STRATEGIE
Authors: Moioli Angelo
Published: October 2018

Coming to the modern age and deep inside the national unification of the 19. century, Milan mantained the highest ranking of urban populating in Europe. This can be explained considering the fact that this town has continued to be a strategical point of intersection between the Po Valley and the Alps, thanks to its integration in a regional context characterized by the factors of economic cohesion which kept it together, more than by the political borders in which it was splitted. Also because this occured inside a populating setting that made Milan a kind of â€œmagnetâ€ of one among the most urbanized areas in Europe. To make it such was at that point a review course of the economic hub around which the town moved, caused by the different treatment reserved since 1781 to the part within the townwall compared to its suburb (Corpi Santi) and overtaken also from a custom point of view only in 1898. It was exactly in this suburban area, the largest of the town limits, that in second half of the nineteenth century a process of productive differentiation occurred culminating with the settlemnent of the most important section of the modern local industry. Here developed a strong immigration that the agricultural crisis of the 80s couldnâ€™t stop. And here again under its influence, an incredibly â€œbuilding feverâ€ had increased. The expansion of buildings had linked with the big building construction and urban works carried out within the townwall as the area of the ex Lazzaretto or the ex Piazza dâ€™Armi. The companies and banks that had carried them out had been affected by the sector crisis originating in Milan after 1890, nevertheless with effect far less disruptive than in Rome. Effects limited less by the rescue packages of the Milan Municipality for the Subsidy Fund of Builder, than by a kind of banking system well prepared to the distribution of commercial credit or anyway against collateral, mostly if land guarantee. However it was high time for Milan to enter in a financial circuit with strenghts in the foundation of two new mixed banks as Comit and Credit. Therefore, under the patronage of the german capital and investing in a custom policy increasingly oriented in a protectionist step, the conditions were created to the raise of a fully modern industrialized Milan, even if achieved in a very unusual way, attributed to the model of â€œsequential expansionsâ€ sketched out long ago by Gino Luzzato e recalled lately by Luciano Cafagna.
Prevalence and factors associated with memory disturbance and dementia after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Surawan Jesada , Sirithanawutichai Teabpaluck , Areemit Suchat , Tiamkao Somsak , Saensak Suprawita
Published: October 2018

Prevalence and risk factors associated with memory disturbance and dementia were determined in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in hospitals before discharge, three and six months after stroke. A prospective cohort study was conducted during January-December 2017 with 401 AIS patients admitted to Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen Hospital and Chum Phae Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand. The demographics and clinical characteristics, previous illness and past medical history, and laboratory test results of the patients were collected from the medical records, while depression screening, NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) scoring and mini mental state examination (MMSE) were performed using particular medical record forms. The prevalence of memory disturbance and dementia was 56.6, 41.6 and 38.2% before discharge, three and six months after stroke, respectively. Based on logistic regression analysis, age, education and stroke severity were the risk factors associated with the studied disorders before discharge and three months after stroke. Meanwhile, age and education were the risk factors for six months after stroke. Our findings suggested that the prevalence of memory disturbance and dementia remained high at all study periods.
High School Athletic Trainer Services for Knee Injuries
Authors: Grooms Dustin R. , Simon Janet E. , Dalton Sara L. , Dompier Thomas P. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: October 2018

Context

Participation in high school athletics carries a substantial risk of musculoskeletal injury, particularly to the knee. However, limited information is available on the care being provided by athletic trainers (ATs) for athletes with these injuries.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Data on athletic training facility visits and AT services were collected from 147 high schools in 26 states.

Patients or Other Participants

High school student-athletes who participated in 13 boys' sports and 14 girls' sports and sustained a diagnosed knee injury during the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years. The ATs documented 6797 knee injuries, with 4242 sustained in boys' sports and 2555 sustained in girls' sports.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The number of athletic training facility visits and individual AT services as well as the average, median, and interquartile range of athletic training facility visits (per injury) and AT services (per injury) were calculated by sport and for time-loss (TL; participation restricted for ≥24 hours) and non–time-loss (NTL; participation restricted for <24 hours) injuries.

Results

In total, 28 788 athletic training facility visits were reported, with an overall average of 4 athletic training facility visits per knee injury over the 3-year period. Most athletic training facility visits (72.6%) were associated with NTL injuries, but the majority of AT services (68.6%) were associated with TL injuries. A total of 81 245 AT services were provided for all knee injuries. Therapeutic activities or exercise were the most common type of AT service (52.5%). Overall, an average of 12 AT services were reported per knee injury. Compared with NTL injuries, TL injuries had a larger average number of AT services per injury (34 versus 9; P < .001).

Conclusions

Knee injuries at the high school level are a considerable health care burden. This report demonstrates a high proportion of AT attention to the evaluation and treatment of these injuries. This study confirms the recommended management of knee injuries, with neuromuscular and therapeutic activities being the primary services after knee injury.
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of the Interactions between China and Malay Peninsula
Authors: Tan Wen Tien , Wong Hon Foong , Ng Shih Chau , Goh Si Woei , Liu Jun , Hoo Bao Ling , Chai Chyong En , Lin Xun
Published: October 2018

Chinese Medicine was introduced to the Malay Peninsula during the colonial era circa 18th to 19th century. The British imported Chinese immigrants mainly for tin mining. The early Chinese settlers had brought with them the knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to Malaya. As time goes by, TCM becomes one of the popular traditional medicines that are accepted by other ethnicities. TCM has thus contributed to the welfare of Malaysians. In 2016, a Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T and CM) Act was passed by the Malaysia Parliament. TCM is one of the T and CM practices that fall under the regulation. TCM services are now offered in Malaysia's public hospitals in addition to private practices. This article aims to provide a brief overview on the development of TCM in the precolonial and postindependent Malaysia.
Adoption of Traditional Chinese Medicine in a Central Mediterranean Island Community
Authors: Savona-Ventura Charles
Published: October 2018

The Maltese Islands in the central Mediterranean was one of the earliest European countries to initiate political relationships with the People's Republic of China. The political interaction translated eventually to a better appreciation of the cultural diversity of the respective countries. This appreciation led to an early adoption of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) services and their incorporation within the mainline western-based contemporary medicine generally practiced on the Islands. TCM clinical services were formally introduced in the public government-managed hospital in 1994 after a bilateral agreement was signed between the health ministries of the two respective countries. This service has now extended into the private health sector. The adoption of TCM clinical services, in the light of a greater acceptance of TCM by the patients, necessitated specific legislation to regulate the practice of TCM within the legal framework of the Maltese Healthcare Professions Act. In more recent years, since 2015, the University of Malta in collaboration with Shanghai University of TCM, have provided a postgraduate master program in TCM aimed at graduates holding a primary degree in a western-oriented health-care science.
Modernization of Medical Traditions: Indian and Chinese Approaches to Health and Well-being
Authors: Baruah Ved
Published: October 2018

The provisioning of health and well-being for every human being on the planet calls for a rethink of conventional medical practices. In both the developed as well as developing world contexts, there is a growing need to rejuvenate alternative medical systems, but they have to be modernized to have cross-cultural appeal and acceptance. This paper explores the clash between Western medicine and Indian traditional medicine in 19th century colonial India which offers a historical precedent that could hold key lessons to the spread of traditional medicine across the world. The paper argues that the British government used biomedicine as a political tool to dominate Indians and resistance from Indian practitioners of traditional systems of medicines (TSMs) was systematically put down through policy measures. However, it was the clash between the medical modalities that transformed Indian TSMs forever as systems such as Ayurveda (the science of life) and Yoga took on the challenge and modernized and continue to have global appeal. The paper compares Indian and Chinese medical systems and argues that similarities in theory and practice in two different historical contexts, 19th century India and modern-day China, enable us to understand the relevance of modernization practices in our contemporary world.
Traditional Chinese Medicine's Challenge to Clinical Science and Health Policy
Authors: Maher Justin Thomas
Published: October 2018

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been improving human health for millennia. And for that, it has gradually gained the attention of the global scientific community. TCM clinical research progresses, but slowly. I see it as being held back by perverse incentive structures in science and regulatory politics.
3T proton MR spectroscopy evaluation of spinal cord lesions
Authors: Sathyanathan Babu Peter , Raju Bharathi Priya , Natarajan Kailasanathan , Ranganathan Ravi
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate intramedullary spinal cord lesions using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and correlate the results with histo-pathological examination (HPE). Materials and Methods: Approval for this study was obtained from our institute ethical committee. Overall, 50 patients were recruited (29 male and 21 female), with a maximum age of 53 years and minimum age of 7 years. The mean age group of the study was 33 years. Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spine was done on a Siemens Skyra 3Tesla MRI scanner. MR Spectroscopy (MRS) was performed for all patients with intramedullary spinal lesions after getting written consent. It was performed using single-voxel method. The change in the metabolite peak was observed in each case and the results were compared with HPE. These collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and percentage analysis were used for categorical variables; and for continuous variables, mean and standard deviation were analyzed. McNemar's test was used to find the significance between conventional MRI MRS. In the above statistical tool, the probability value 0.05 is considered as significant level. Results: From our study, we observed that by applying routine MRI sequences alone, we could only detect around 58% of the cases correctly. However, when MRS was done along with the conventional MR imaging, the number of cases detected significantly increased to 84%. By applying McNemar's test and comparing the conventional MRI and MRS with HPE, it was found that statistically significant difference exists with P value of 0.007. Conclusion: MRS of the spinal cord is a promising tool for research and diagnosis because it can provide additional information complementary to other non-invasive imaging methods. It is an emerging tool and adds new biomarker information for characterization of spinal cord tumors, to differentiate benign from malignant lesions and to prevent unnecessary biopsies and surgeries.
Taking Sharper Pictures of Malaria with CAMERAs: Combined Antibodies to Measure Exposure Recency Assays
Authors: Greenhouse Bryan , Smith David L. , Rodríguez-Barraquer Isabel , Mueller Ivo , Drakeley Chris J.
Published: October 2018

Antibodies directed against malaria parasites are easy and inexpensive to measure but remain an underused surveillance tool because of a lack of consensus on what to measure and how to interpret results. High-throughput screening of antibodies from well-characterized cohorts offers a means to substantially improve existing assays by rationally choosing the most informative sets of responses and analytical methods. Recent data suggest that high-resolution information on malaria exposure can be obtained from a small number of samples by measuring a handful of properly chosen antibody responses. In this review, we discuss how standardized multi-antibody assays can be developed and efficiently integrated into existing surveillance activities, with potential to greatly augment the breadth and quality of information available to direct and monitor malaria control and elimination efforts.
Entamoeba histolytica: Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Putative Virulence-Associated Differentially Abundant Membrane Proteins
Authors: Ng Yee Ling , Olivos-García Alfonso , Lim Teck Kwang , Noordin Rahmah , Lin Qingsong , Othman Nurulhasanah
Published: October 2018

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amebiasis and poses a significant health risk for populations in endemic areas. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of the parasite are not well characterized. We aimed to identify and quantify the differentially abundant membrane proteins by comparing the membrane proteins of virulent and avirulent variants of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS, and to investigate the potential associations among the differentially abundant membrane proteins. We performed quantitative proteomics analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling, in combination with two mass spectrometry instruments, that is, nano-liquid chromatography (nanoLC)-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and nanoLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, 37 membrane proteins were found to be differentially abundant, whereby 19 and 18 membrane proteins of the virulent variant of E. histolytica increased and decreased in abundance, respectively. Proteins that were differentially abundant include Rho family GTPase, calreticulin, a 70-kDa heat shock protein, and hypothetical proteins. Analysis by Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships database revealed that the differentially abundant membrane proteins were mainly involved in catalytic activities (29.7%) and metabolic processes (32.4%). Differentially abundant membrane proteins that were found to be involved mainly in the catalytic activities and the metabolic processes were highlighted together with their putative roles in relation to the virulence. Further investigations should be performed to elucidate the roles of these proteins in E. histolytica pathogenesis.
Comparison of ground-based and satellite measurements of water vapour vertical profiles over Ellesmere Island, Nunavut
Authors: Weaver Dan , Strong Kimberly , Walker Kaley A. , Sioris Chris , Schneider Matthias , McElroy C. Thomas , Vömel Holger , Sommer Michael , Weigel Katja , Rozanov Alexei , Burrows John P. , Read William G. , Fishbein Evan , Stiller Gabriele
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Improving measurements of water vapour in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere (UTLS) is a priority for the atmospheric science community. In this work, UTLS water vapour profiles derived from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite measurements are assessed with coincident ground-based measurements taken at a high Arctic observatory at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada. Additional comparisons to satellite measurements taken by AIRS, MIPAS, MLS, SCIAMACHY, and TES are included to put the ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO results in context. Measurements of water vapour profiles at Eureka are made using a Bruker 125HR solar absorption Fourier transform infrared spectrometer at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) and radiosondes launched from the Eureka Weather Station. Radiosonde measurements used in this study have been processed with software developed by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) to account for known biases and calculate uncertainties in a well-documented and consistent manner. ACE-FTS measurements were within 11 ppmv (13 %) of 125HR measurements between 6 and 14 km. Between 8 and 14 km ACE-FTS profiles showed a small wet bias of approximately 8 % relative to the 125HR. ACE-FTS water vapour profiles had mean differences of 13 ppmv (32 %) or better when compared to coincident radiosonde profiles at altitudes between 6 and 14 km; mean differences were within 6 ppmv (12 %) between 7 and 11 km. ACE-MAESTRO profiles showed a small dry bias relative to the 125HR of approximately 7 % between 6 and 9 km and 10 % between 10 and 14 km. ACE-MAESTRO profiles agreed within 30 ppmv (36 %) of the radiosondes between 7 and 14 km. ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO comparison results show closer agreement with the radiosondes and PEARL 125HR overall than other satellite datasets – except AIRS. Close agreement was observed between AIRS and the 125HR and radiosonde measurements, with mean differences within 5 % and correlation coefficients above 0.83 in the troposphere between 1 and 7 km. Comparisons to MLS at altitudes around 10 km showed a dry bias, e.g., mean differences between MLS and radiosondes were −25.6 %. SCIAMACHY comparisons were very limited due to minimal overlap between the vertical extent of the measurements. TES had no temporal overlap with the radiosonde dataset used in this study. Comparisons between TES and the 125HR showed a wet bias of approximately 25 % in the UTLS and mean differences within 14 % below 5 km.
Merging of ozone profiles from SCIAMACHY, OMPS and SAGE II
observations to study stratospheric ozone changes
Authors: Arosio Carlo , Rozanov Alexei , Malinina Elizaveta , Weber Mark , Burrows John P.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper presents vertically and zonally resolved merged ozone time series from limb measurements of the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS). In addition, we present the merging of the latter two data sets with zonally averaged profiles from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II. The retrieval of ozone profiles from SCIAMACHY and OMPS is performed at the University of Bremen. Within the merging procedure of these two time series we use data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) as a transfer function and we follow two approaches: (1) a standard method involving the calculation of deseasonalized anomalies and (2) a plain-debiasing approach, generally not considered in previous similar studies, which preserves the seasonal cycles of each instrument. We find a good correlation and no significant drifts between the merged and MLS time series. Using the merged data set, we apply a multivariate regression analysis to study ozone changes over the 2003–2018 period in the 20–50 km vertical range. Exploiting the high horizontal sampling of the instruments, we investigate not only the zonally averaged field but also the longitudinally resolved long-term ozone variations, finding a remarkable variability, especially at mid- and high-latitudes. Significant positive linear trends of about 2–4 % per decade were identified in the upper stratosphere between 38 and 45 km at mid-latitudes. This is in agreement with the predicted recovery of upper stratospheric ozone, which is attributed both to the adoption of measures to limit the release of halogen-containing ozone-depleting substances included in the Montreal protocol and to the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases. In the tropical stratosphere below 25 km negative but non-significant trends were found. We compare our results with similar previous studies and with short-term trends calculated over the SCIAMACHY period: while a general agreement is found, some discrepancies are seen in the tropical mid-stratosphere. Regarding the merging of SAGE II with SCIAMACHY and OMPS, zonal mean anomalies are taken into consideration and ozone trends after and before 1997 are shown. Negative trends above 30 km are found for the 1985–1997 period, with a peak of −6 % per decade at mid-latitudes, in agreement with previous studies. The increase of ozone concentration in the upper stratosphere is confirmed considering the 1998–2018 period. Trends in the middle and lower tropical stratosphere are found to be non-significant.
A long-term (2002 to 2017) record of closed-path and open-path
eddy covariance CO2 net ecosystem exchange fluxes from the
Siberian Arctic
Authors: Holl David , Wille Christian , Sachs Torsten , Schreiber Peter , Runkle Benjamin R. K. , Beckebanze Lutz , Langer Moritz , Boike Julia , Pfeiffer Eva-Maria , Fedorova Irina , Bolshianov Dimitry Y. , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Kutzbach Lars
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Ground-based observations of land--atmosphere fluxes are necessary to progressively improve global climate models. Observed data can be used for model evaluation and to develop or tune process models. In arctic permafrost regions, climate–carbon feedbacks are amplified. Therefore, increased efforts to better represent these regions in global climate models have been made in recent years. We present a multiannual time series of land–atmosphere carbon dioxide fluxes measured in situ with the eddy covariance technique in the Siberian Arctic (72°22′ N, 126°30′ E). The site is part of the international network of carbon dioxide flux observation stations (FLUXNET, Site ID: Ru-Sam). The dataset includes consistently processed fluxes based on concentration measurements of closed-path and open-path gas analyzers. With parallel records from both sensor types, we were able to apply a site-specific correction to open-path fluxes. This correction is necessary due to a deterioration of data, caused by heat generated by the electronics of open-path gas analyzers. Parameterizing this correction for subperiods of distinct sensor setups yielded good agreement between open and closed-path fluxes. We compiled a long-term (2002 to 2017) carbon dioxide flux time series that we additionally gap-filled with a standardized approach. The data set was uploaded to the Pangaea data base and can be accessed through https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892751.
Introduction: The trouble with forest: definitions, values and boundaries
Authors: Côte Muriel , Wartmann Flurina , Purves Ross
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Forest is in trouble. The most recent (2015) FAO Forest
Resources Assessment shows an encouraging trend towards a decrease in
deforestation rates, but it also points out that since 1990 total forest
loss corresponds to an area the size of South Africa. Efforts to curtail
deforestation require reliable assessments, yet current definitions for what
a forest exactly is differ significantly across countries, institutions and
epistemic communities. Those differences have implications for forest
management efforts: they entail different understandings about where exactly
a forest starts and ends, and therefore also engender misunderstandings
about where a forest should start and end, and about how forests should be
managed. This special issue brings together different perspectives from
practitioners and academic disciplines – including linguistics, geographic
information science and human geography – around the problem of
understanding and characterizing forest. By bringing together different
disciplinary viewpoints, we hope to contribute to ongoing interdisciplinary
efforts to analyse forest change. In this introduction, we propose that
interrogating the relationship between forest definitions, boundaries and
ways of valuing forests constitutes a productive way to critically
conceptualize the trouble that forest is in.
Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: The 2016 MW 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake
Authors: von Specht Sebastian , Ozturk Ugur , Veh Georg , Cotton Fabrice , Korup Oliver
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The propagation of a seismic rupture on a fault introduces spatial variations in the seismic wavefield surrounding the fault during an earthquake. This directivity effect results in larger shaking amplitudes in the rupture propagation direction. Its seismic radiation pattern also causes amplitude variations between the strike-normal and strike-parallel components of horizontal ground motion. We investigated the landslide response to these effects during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (MW 7.1) in central Kyūshū (Japan). Although the distribution of some 1,500 earthquake-triggered landslides as function of rupture distance is consistent with the observed Arias intensity, the landslides are more concentrated to the northeast of the southwest-northeast striking rupture. We examined several landslide susceptibility factors: hillslope inclination, median amplification factor (MAF) of ground shaking, lithology, land cover, and topographic wetness. None of these factors can sufficiently explain the landslide distribution or orientation (aspect), although the landslide headscarps coincide with elevated hillslope inclination and MAF. We propose a new physics-based ground motion model that accounts for the seismic rupture effects, and demonstrate that the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern consistent with the overall landslide distribution. The spatial landslide distribution is primarily influenced by the rupture directivity effect, whereas landslide aspect is influenced by amplitude variations between the fault-normal and fault-parallel motion at frequencies
The Translatability of Hāfiẓian Love Ghazals
Authors: Hillmann Michael Craig
Published: October 2018

Discussions of the translatability of Ḥāfiẓ’s ghazals and critiques of Hāfiz translations usually do not offer a definition of poetry as a starting point or focus on the skills of translators whose translations are being critiqued. “The Translatability of Ḥāfiẓian Love Ghazals” examines English translations by two poets expert in Persian poetry—can anyone but poets produce poems in translation?—within the contexts of an Anglo American definition of poetry and Iranian commentaries on Ḥāfiẓ’s poems. The article concludes with the unsurprising view that the poetry in Ḥāfiẓian love ghazals may not get lost in translations by poets expert in Persian, but that the English poetry in such translations may not communicate the multidimensionality and suggestiveness of the poetry in the Persian.
Practices, Housing and Diseases Within Indigenous Poultry Production in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Idowu Peter Ayodeji , Mpayipheli Maliviwe , Muchenje Voster
Published: October 2018

In an effort to improve the livelihood of indigenous farmers in South Africa, little input has been accorded to documentation and validation of some practices of poultry production farmers in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa which is the objective of this study. One hundred and Sixty (160) structured questionnaires were administered in six villages from two district municipalities using non-probabilistic (snowball) sampling method from July 2017 to June 2018. Results reveal that 73.1% of indigenous farmers are female, 24.38% reared mostly for household consumption, 48.1% flock ranges from 10-50. In addition, about 46.2% of farmers practiced semi-intensive rearing systems. Diseases (63.52%) and Theft (51.94%) are major challenges affecting most chickens. Most farmers used both ethno veterinary (Aloe ferox 32.5%) and medicinal drugs (Terramycin 42.5%) for treatment of diseases respectively. Correlation between diseases and housing was insignificant across different villages. The cleaning system, place of purchase and stage of purchase are highly significant across different villages. Most farming practices are positively correlated across different villages. There is need to assess farming practices adopted, this will help in proper planning and in maximizing profit across indigenous poultry production.
Antifungal Activity and Phytotoxicity of Vitex simplicifolia Oliv. Leaves Essential Oil
Authors: Gamsore Issa , Ouattara Lassina , Ouoba Paulin , Bonzi Schémaeza , Somda Irénée
Published: October 2018

Agriculture faces many difficulties related to phytopathogenic fungi leading to quantitative and qualitative losses of crops. The use of essential oils against these fungi is one of the alternatives. This study focused on the antifungal activity and phytotoxicity of Vitex simplicifolia Oliv. leaves essential oil. Firstly, we extracted the essential oil from the leaves by hydrodistillation. Subsequently, seven fungal isolates were evaluated for their sensitivity to the essential oil on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media at 0.1; 0.25 and 0.50%. Evaluation of the phytotoxicity of the essential oil was performed on sorghum seeds on a sterilized sand substrate. At the seventh day after incubation, the most sensitive fungi to the essential oil are Fusarium moniliforme, Colletotrichum graminicola and Curvularia lunata. The most sensitive fungus to the essential oil at 0.50% is Colletotrichum graminicola with 77.21% inhibition rate at the seventh day after incubation. Phytotoxicity evaluation showed that for all biomass parameters measured there is no significant difference between treatment with the essential oil and treatment with the fungicide control. At the end of this study, it appears that Vitex simplicifolia essential oil has a high antifungal activity. This essential oil has not shown toxicity on sorghum growth parameters. Therefore, this oil can be used in organic farming.
Effects of Boiling and Smoking on the Proximate Composition and Oil Quality of a Commercially Important Freshwater Fish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from Nkam River in Cameroon
Authors: Justin Djopnang Djimbie , François Tchoumbougnang , Minette Tomedi-Tabi Eyango , Macaire Womeni Hilaire , Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng , Satya Prabhakar Iruku Naga , Lakshmi Karuna Mallampalli Sri , Lakshmi Karuna Mallampalli Sri , Narayana Prasad Rachapudi Badari , Steve Kemmo Signing , Inocent Gouado
Published: October 2018

The effects of boiling and smoking on the proximate composition and lipids quality of a freshwater fish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) collected from Nkam River in Cameroon were investigated. Fresh fish was filled, boiled or smoked and then, aliquoted for analyses. One portion was dried at 50 °C and ground into flour for the proximate composition determination. The other portion was served for lipids extraction using the Bligh and Dyer method. The extracted oil was characterized physico-chemically using chemical indexes and GC/FID. Moisture, protein, ash and lipid contents of raw fish were 80.67±4.18, 64.42±1.51, 10.90±0.42 and 22.06±5.40 % dm respectively. The changes in dry matter, protein and ash contents were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) after smoking. The most important mineral of this fish was the Potassium (7017.54-8771.93 mg/kg). Except the calcium and phosphorus contents which decreased with the treatments, the amount of the other detected minerals was significantly increased. It was also found that these technological treatments significantly increased (P<0.05) the free fatty acids and hydroperoxides formation in oil, while it decreased its iodine value. The fatty acid profile of untreated and treated fish revealed her richness in Palmitic (22.91-34.76%), Oleic (12.83-23.55%), Stearic (11.29-14.81%), Linoleic (LA) (ω6) (2.83-6.75%), Arachidonic (ω6) (2.50-6.64%) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) (ω3) (1.56-12.31%) acids. The ratio PUFA/SFA of raw fish (0.47) was severely reduced by the smoking (0.26) while it increases after boiling (0.61). This fish contain appreciable levels of Omega-6 PUFA, suggesting that it could be used as a source of healthy diet for human beings. These findings may also be beneficial for the fish industry, nutritionists and researchers who were striving to improve the nutritive value, processing and marketing of selected fish species.
Analysis of the impact of high temperature on the change in tensile strength of cement mortars with or without polypropylene fibres added
Authors: Drzymala Tomasz , Reszka Michal
Published: October 2018

When evaluating concrete, its strength is the most important feature from the practical point of view. In compliance with technological requirements, the strength of concrete depends primarily on its composition, mainly on the content and strength of cement slurry. This is because this concrete component is most susceptible to changes in working conditions in a construction, including high temperature impact on concrete during the fire. The paper presents the results of tests performed on the cement mortar with and without the addition of polypropylene fibers. This treatment allowed for the elimination of the effect of the coarse aggregate by reason of the accuracy of the tested strength characteristics. The studies concerned the impact of high temperature on the change in tensile strength of cement mortars modified with the addition of polypropylene fibers. The analysis of available literature shows that one of the main causes of concrete’s thermal spalling is seen in high tensile stresses. The results of many tests prove that the addition of polypropylene fibers can have a positive effect on the behavior of concrete structures at high temperatures and help reduce spalling. The polypropylene fibers present in a composite may also positively influence the increase in tensile strength. This article discusses the purpose and scope of research, research methods, the experiment plan, test benches, and test results as well. The conclusions of the study were formulated in the final part of the article.
Utilization of the territorial defense force in rescue operations (part 2)
Authors: Pytel Marek , Ciesla Mariusz
Published: October 2018

This is a second part of the article in which the authors attempt to present the courses of action of the Territorial Defence Forces’ subunits in the conditions requiring the support of state and territorial administrations when life of residents is jeopardized as a result of catastrophes and natural disasters. This is one of the key tasks faced by the newly established Territorial Defence Forces (WOT) that is the protection of people and property within the activities unrelated to the kinetic impact of potential enemies.
Information security - its essence and threats
Authors: Pietras Estera
Published: October 2018

Due to the exchange of information, organizations are encouraged to create an effective system of information flow that should be monitored on a regular basis in order to minimize the risk of emergence of threats. Due to modern technical solutions of security systems, it is much more possible and accessible than a few years ago. For this purpose, proper identification and classification of threats is necessary. This constitutes the starting point for considering the role and the essence of risk. The article highlights the aspects related to ensuring information security as a whole and data protection- the most important assets of business entities.
Romanticism in Context: Shelley’s and Keats’s Verse and Prose: Keats’s Letters and Ode to a Nightingale, Shelley’s Defense of Poetry and Skylark
Authors: Zaiter Walid A.
Published: October 2018

This paper argues it is probably unavoidable perceiving the works of Shelley and Keats without putting these works in the context of the age and in the context of Romanticism. On the whole the selected pieces of prose and verse of the poets represent their postulations in an era which witnessed great revolutions, political and industrial bringing about new trends in literature and in society. From the personal perspective of the two poets, the birds in the poems represent ideals reflecting the treatment of imagination, nature and ideology of their time and their individual experience, knowledge of the world and of prosody. Thus the treatment of this topic as such opens an old and new interpretation of the poets’ work since the topics in their poetry can apply to their age and ours.
Mioclonías inducidas por salbutamol
Authors: Montoya-Giraldo María Alejandra , Montoya Dayana Vanessa , Atehortúa David Alexander , Buendía Jefferson Antonio , Zuluaga Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2018

El salbutamol es un agonista adrenérgico β2 ampliamente empleado en pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares obstructivas y restrictivas. Sus principales efectos secundarios son la taquicardia y el temblor. Las mioclonías son contracciones musculares involuntarias, irregulares, bruscas, breves y repentinas, y pueden ser generalizadas, focales o multifocales.Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 61 años con mioclonías de difícil manejo que solo presentó mejoría tras la suspensión definitiva del agonista adrenérgico β2. Se describen los hallazgos clínicos, las intervenciones y el resultado en las mioclonías asociadas con el uso de salbutamol y se discuten la posible génesis y la importancia de este efecto adverso. Para documentar el caso, se siguieron las recomendaciones de las guías para el reporte de casos (CAse REport, CARE).Aunque en diversos estudios se han descrito mioclonías secundarias al uso de diferentes fármacos, hasta donde se sabe, este sería el cuarto reporte de un caso asociado específicamente con el uso del salbutamol.
La alimentación para pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en tres hospitales públicos de Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Forero Ana Yibby , Hernández Jenny Alexandra , Rodríguez Sandra Milena , Romero Jhon Jairo , Morales Gina Emely , Ramírez Gabriel Ángel
Published: October 2018

Introducción. En el mundo y en Colombia, la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad, y afecta principalmente a los hombres y mujeres mayores de 45 años. Un control inapropiado de la enfermedad puede desembocar en mayores complicaciones de salud y convertirla en una de las de más alto costo. El tratamiento incluye otros componentes, además del control de la glucemia, así como un seguimiento constante del personal médico, y actividades educativas dirigidas al paciente y a su familia.Objetivo. Caracterizar la alimentación de pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en tres hospitales públicos de Cundinamarca.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 212 pacientes, el cual incluyó el análisis sociodemográfico, el de la frecuencia del consumo de alimentos y las prácticas alimentarias.Resultados. La mayoría de la población era mayor de 45 años y tenía un bajo nivel educativo; el 52 % contaba con un plan de alimentación, y solo el 8,9 % recibía orientación nutricional a cargo de un nutricionista. Predominó el consumo de carbohidratos y un bajo consumo de proteínas, vitaminas, minerales y fibra. El consumo de azúcares era menor en los pacientes que tenían un plan dietético (p<0,05).Conclusiones. La mayoría de los pacientes no recibía una alimentación adecuada. Se evidenció un deficiente cumplimiento del tratamiento dietético, así como limitaciones en la asesoría nutricional y barreras de acceso a los alimentos. Estos resultados contribuirán a mejorar las políticas de prevención y control de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 y las estrategias que tengan en cuenta el contexto sociocultural de los pacientes.
Raritas: a program for counting high diversity categorical data with highly unequal abundances
Authors: Lazarus David B. , Renaudie Johan , Lenz Dorina , Diver Patrick , Klump Jens
Published: October 2018

Acquiring data on the occurrences of many types of difficult to identify objects are often still made by human observation, for example, in biodiversity and paleontologic research. Existing computer counting programs used to record such data have various limitations, including inflexibility and cost. We describe a new open-source program for this purpose—Raritas. Raritas is written in Python and can be run as a standalone app for recent versions of either MacOS or Windows, or from the command line as easily customized source code. The program explicitly supports a rare category count mode which makes it easier to collect quantitative data on rare categories, for example, rare species which are important in biodiversity surveys. Lastly, we describe the file format used by Raritas and propose it as a standard for storing geologic biodiversity data. ‘Stratigraphic occurrence data’ file format combines extensive sample metadata and a flexible structure for recording occurrence data of species or other categories in a series of samples.
Artificial light at night alters life history in a nocturnal orb-web spider
Authors: Willmott Nikolas J. , Henneken Jessica , Selleck Caitlin J. , Jones Therésa M.
Published: October 2018

The prevalence of artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing rapidly around the world. The potential physiological costs of this night lighting are often evident in life history shifts. We investigated the effects of chronic night-time exposure to ecologically relevant levels of LED lighting on the life history traits of the nocturnal Australian garden orb-web spider (Eriophora biapicata). We reared spiders under a 12-h day and either a 12-h natural darkness (∼0 lux) or a 12-h dim light (∼20 lux) night and assessed juvenile development, growth and mortality, and adult reproductive success and survival. We found that exposure to ALAN accelerated juvenile development, resulting in spiders progressing through fewer moults, and maturing earlier and at a smaller size. There was a significant increase in daily juvenile mortality for spiders reared under 20 lux, but the earlier maturation resulted in a comparable number of 0 lux and 20 lux spiders reaching maturity. Exposure to ALAN also considerably reduced the number of eggs produced by females, and this was largely associated with ALAN-induced reductions in body size. Despite previous observations of increased fitness for some orb-web spiders in urban areas and near night lighting, it appears that exposure to artificial night lighting may lead to considerable developmental costs. Future research will need to consider the detrimental effects of ALAN combined with foraging benefits when studying nocturnal insectivores that forage around artificial lights.