bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN STRATEGI BELAJAR AKTIF TIPE INDEX CARD MACTH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PKn SISWA KELAS III SD NEGERI 13 KERINCI KANAN KABUPATEN SIAK
Authors: ' Supriadi
Published: April 2019

This research is motivated by the lack of student learning outcomes civics class III SD Negeri13 Kerinci Kanan Siak. This study aims to determine the learning outcome civics throughmethods index card macth class III student at SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak, which wasconducted over 1 month. Subjects in this study were students of class III 2015-2016 schoolyear the number of students as many as 6 people, consisting of 5 students male and 1 femalestudents. Form of research is classroom action research. The research instrument consists ofinstruments and instrument performance data collection activity observation sheet formteacher and student activity. Based on the results of research and discussion, the applicationof active learning strategies match the type of index cards can increase learning motivationthird grade students of SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak. Teacher activity in cycle I got aperfect score of 36 in the category, while in the second cycle got a score of 44 in the categoryof very perfect. Student motivation cycle I got an average rating of 52.8 with a high categorywhile in the second cycle gets the average value 80.6 by category high. At cycle I study thisclass action has not been successful, while the second cycle of studies have been successfulwith the indicator success of 75.0% exceeded the performance indicators that have been set.application of active learning strategies match the type of index cards can increasemotivation to learn the subjects civics third grade students of SD Negeri 13 Kerinci KananSiak acceptable
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKN SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 018 UKUI 1 KECAMATAN UKUI
Authors: ' Narko
Published: April 2019

This research was motivated by lack of civics student learning outcomes. Low learningoutcomes are caused by: (a) students do not really follow civics and they talk to each othersawaktu teacher explains the lesson; (B) students are not active in learning; (C) if the teacherasking questions, very few students who answered; and (d) very few students were askedabout the learning that has not been understood, in addition to the learning activities in theclassroom dominated by teachers and children are much more powerful. This study aims toimprove learning outcomes civics through cooperative learning model NHT. This study is aclass action, which was conducted in 018 primary schools Ukui 1 Subdistrict Ukui. This studyfocused on students' learning outcomes data civics. Based on the results of the study revealedthat the civic education learning outcomes of students has increased. This is evidenced by:Improved student learning outcomes at the preliminary data the number of students who passare 15 students (50%), increasing in the first cycle increased to 26 students (87%) and incycle II further increased up to 27 students (90 %).
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE PADA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 004 PAGARAN TAPAH DARUSSALAM
Authors: Iriani Sri
Published: April 2019

This study is a class action (class action reseach). The background of this study is the low reading comprehension, it is evident from the 18 students only five students are able to comprehend reading text in a story. For that research by applying cooperative learning model think Paire share. The aim to determine the increase in reading comprehension. This research is a class act who performed at SDN 004 Tapah Pagaran Darussalam, the study was conducted in two cycles. The data collection technique used is the technique of teacher and student activity observation and written tek. Based on the survey results revealed that students 'reading comprehension increased in each cycle, the prasiklus known that the average value of students' reading comprehension is 64.00 in the first cycle increased to 76.60 and the second cycle an increase in the average value the ability of students' reading comprehension at 86.80.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBERIAN TUGAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 004 TEMBILAHAN KECAMATAN TEMBILAHAN KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Muhammad MH Muhammad MH
Published: April 2019

The low yield of fourth grade students learn science SD Negeri 004 Tembilahan this is the background of this research, this is evidenced by the acquisition of the average student learning outcomes that is equal to 63.31. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the method of administration tasks. This research is a classroom action research subjects fourth graders SD Negeri 004 Tembilahan by the number of 32 students, the study was conducted as much as two cycles consisting of two meetings. The data used in this study focuses on improving learning outcomes and student learning completeness. Based on the results obtained under the data science learning outcomes increased in each cycle, the pre-cycle (basic score) average learning results obtained by the students was 63.31 by the number of students who completed by 16 (50.00%), in cycle I rise to 70.31 by the number of students who pass the number 25 (78.12%), and the second cycle increased to 73.59 by the number of students who completed totaling 32 students. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the method of administration tasks can improve student learning outcomes IPA IV SD Negeri 004 Tembilahan.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS IV B SDN 21 SITORAJO KECAMATAN KUANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Arlinda Arlinda
Published: April 2019

The background of this study is the low learning outcomes of students' IPS, from 22 students only 10 (45.45%) reaching the determined KKM, in addition the average student learning outcome is 62.50. The study aims to improve the learning outcomes of IPS Through the application of TSTS learning model. This research is a classroom action research, this research is conducted in SDN 21 Sitorajo Kecamatan Kuantan Tengah. Subjects in this study were students of class IV B with a total of 22 students. This research is conducted two cycles with four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The result of research stated that after applied cooperative learning model type TSTS can improve learning result of IPS. This is evidenced by: (a) teacher activity in cycle I is 62,50, in cycle II equal to 82,81. Student activity in cycle I earn 65,62, in cycle II equal to 85,93; (b) result of student learning on prasiklus equal to 62,50, at cycle I equal to 72,50 and at second cycle equal to 82,18.
KESIAPAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK INTEGRATIF PADA KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Astiningtyas Anna
Published: April 2019

This study aims to implement the readiness of teachers in integrative thematic teaching facing the 2013curriculum. The background of the importance of the readiness of elementary school teachers in facing the 2013curriculum is by implementing integrative thematic learning in the learning process. The data collected involves10 research journals to compare teacher preparedness outcomes and the data can be analyzed using percentresults. The results show that theoretically the teacher already has an understanding of the curriculum 2013, butstill lacking in the implementation. Actually the motivation of teachers in implementing instructional innovationis very high, unfortunately it is less supported than facilities, facilities and infrastructure. Readiness of teachersin implementing the 2013 curriculum is included in the high category. Teachers have high expectations for theimplementation of the 2013 curriculum to have a positive impact on the quality of learning. This study usesdocument studies from the results of previous studies. Data collection is done by searching for the GoogleScholarly electronics journal. From the search results obtained, each model selected 10 journals for furtheranalysis in percent (%) form. From the results of the analysis of the readiness of elementary teachers in theimplementation of integrative thematic learning can be seen from the lowest 4.2% to the highest 35% with anaverage of 17.3%.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Utami Sarwik
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to improve student learning outcomes on the subject of “the characteristics andneeds of creature” the score obtained by students is still under the criteria of minimal Exhaustiveness that is 70.To achieve the score determined then the authors use the method of media images. This method involves a lot ofstudent activities. Subjects in this study were students of class III A Elementary School 017 Kundur. Datacollection procedures by using observation which contains teacher learning procedure consist of learningimprovement planning, teacher and student observation data and result of initial and final test. Data analysisuses qualitative data. This study was conducted in two cycles. Every cycle has planning, implementation,observation reflection and assessment. To see pre-cycle student learning outcomes. In pre-cycle, score obtainedfor the first complete one is 12 people (54,55%) not complete as many as 10 people (45,45%). The first cycle is15 people (72.73%) and not complete as many as 7 people (27.27%). Cycle II has completed totally 22 people(100%). For the range of score 80 - 89 and the criteria of high assessment. In conclusion, the use of imagemedia methods can improve the results and motivation of students' learning grade III A state elementary school017 Kundur.
Risk Factors Affecting the Formation Torticollis in Children of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Emilbekov M.
Published: April 2019

The article presents risk factors affecting the risk of formation of torticollis in children of different ages. As a result of the influence of pathogenic factors on the fetus, there is a violation of the musculoskeletal system in the afterbirth period, which as a result causes torticollis in the child.
Complex Assessment of Medical and Social Risk Factors and Their Effect on the Health Condition of Children Working at Industrial Waste Landfills
Authors: Kudaibergenov N.
Published: April 2019

The comprehensive assessment of medical and social risk factors and their impact on the health of children working at industrial waste landfills of the Kyrgyz Chemical Metallurgical Plant has presented. Various industrial and environmental factors were covered. To identify signs of environmental pollution by radioactive substances of natural and artificial origin the average values of gamma-radiation power levels have been examined. The hygienic, sociological, medical and statistical research methods are used. During the study, the social-hygienic and living conditions of life and work of children were studied. The selection of respondents conducted by random sampling. The health condition of children living in the region but not working at industrial waste landfills has studied to compare the data of a control group. An assessment of the physical and biological development of children in the experimental and control groups was carried out by measuring somatometric indicators (length and body weight, head circumference), as well as indicators of dynamometry and their external respiration function. The intensive morbidity rates of children have been studied. The article analyzes the impact of medical and social risk factors that adversely affect the health conditions of working children. It describes the various factors of the working environment and the labor process, which form the occupational risk of morbidity. An important part of the study was to assess the situation and identify possible causes that force families to involve children to work at industrial waste landfills.
Participation of Interleukins in Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy in Children and Adolescents in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Terekhova O.
Published: April 2019

The data presented in interleukins plasma concentrations of diabetic nephropathy in children. It studied 130 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes without diabetic nephropathy with type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic nephropathy. It is shown that nephropathy complicated by diabetes is accompanied by activation of cytokine (interleukin) in the blood system reflecting the severity of kidney damage and the whole organism.
Environmental Assessment of the Lankaran Zone Soils
Authors: Mamedova S.
Published: April 2019

The Lankaran zone is considered to be one of the regions producing important agricultural products, at the same time it is one of the regions of constant anthropogenic influence on the soil cover and natural complexes in Azerbaijan. Favorable soil and climatic conditions of the Lankaran zone create the opportunity for growing a number of crops here, including a number of valuable plants of humid subtropics: tea, citrus (lemon, orange, kiwi, mandarin and feijoa). As a result of the research conducted for the Lankaran region, a new concept was put forward based on the existing generally accepted scheme of the environmental assessment of soils.
Soil Acidity Influence on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Bee Products
Authors: Bakhtegareeva Z. , Kozlova G. , Onina S.
Published: April 2019

The article presents the influence of soil pH on the concentration of metals present in bee products, namely, in bee bread and honey. The pH of the soils of the territories of private apiaries in the Birsk, Burayevo, Karaidel districts and the content of heavy metals in soil, bee bread and honey were determined. It is noted that the soil of the apiary of the Birsk district is slightly alkaline. Lead and arsenic accumulate most of all in it. The soil of apiaries in Burayevo and Karaidel districts is alkaline. Copper and arsenic accumulate most of all in them. It is noticed that bee products accumulate in themselves heavy metals. Their greatest accumulation is observed in bee bread.
Productivity and Adaptive Properties of Spring Triticale in the Non-Chernozem Zone (Russia)
Authors: Tyslenko A. , Zuev D. , Skatova S.
Published: April 2019

Spring triticale is a new grain crop created by the artificial crossing of winter rye with wheat. By productivity, biochemical qualities of grain, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses exceed the initial parental form. In this regard, it is in great demand in animal husbandry non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the spring triticale varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of the Vladimir region. Evaluation of the breeding material was carried out according to the Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops. As a result of a four-year study of 14 zoned recognized varieties and promising numbers, it has been established that the formation of their yields occurs mainly due to the number of productive haulm stands, grains and productivity of the ear, with a thousand–kernel weight. The yield of feed grain varied from 2.30 t/ha to 6.16 t/ha, depending on the climatic conditions of the year. A high correlation was established between the yield and the structural elements of the ear — the number of grains in the ear (+0.60±0.12), the mass of grain from the ear (+ 0.56±10); medium — with a mass of 1000 grains (+0.46±16). Short-growing varieties Amore, Dorofeya and Amigo showed a maximum yield index of 43 — 46.1%. Varieties of spring triticale Norman, Dobroe, Dorofeya and promising numbers no. 35, T-396 was the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone and are recommended for cultivation in agricultural production.
Pandora Syndrome in Cats
Authors: Sedoshkina K. , Filioglo S.
Published: April 2019

What is Pandora Syndrome? The name for this group of diseases has gone through several changes over the past 50 years. Foreign scientists have recommended such names as Feline Urological Syndrome (FUS) or Feline Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD). Dr. K. A. Buffington coined the term ‘Pandora Syndrome’, thereby illustrating that the disease carries a multitude of complications arising from a single cause. Results of studies indicate that idiopathic/interstitial cystitis in cats is the result of complex interactions between the bladder, nervous system, adrenal glands, husbandry practices, and the environment in which the cat lives. The purpose of this review is to summarize research investigations into the various abnormalities present in cats, to compare some of these findings with those identified in human beings, and to discuss how they might modify perceptions about the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cats with this disease.
Dog’s Juvenile Cellulite
Authors: Sedoshkina K. , Filioglo S.
Published: April 2019

According to statistics, dermatological pathologies of animals occupy one of the first places in the frequency of occurrence. In addition to infections and allergic reactions, there are autoimmune diseases that occur with the defeat of the skin, as well as pathologies with unknown etiology. Juvenile cellulite (washing of puppies, juvenile pyoderma) is a rare, idiopathic form of panniculitis of young dogs, more often puppies, characterized by generalized aseptic inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue.
Improvement of the Quality Management System of Construction Enterprise
Authors: Annayev S. , Boykova A.
Published: April 2019

Improvement of the quality management system (QMS) of services of construction companies is of exceptional importance. The article gives recommendations on its improvement of QMS at the enterprises of the construction industry of the Russian Federation.
Methodology for Determining the Efficiency of Investments
Authors: Tashmuhamedova K. , Matyakubov A.
Published: April 2019

The paper studies methodological issues related to the determination of the efficiency of investments in the structure of the GDP and developing of the economy. The methods of evaluation of the efficiency of investments are also studied in the paper. It concludes that the determination of the efficiency it makes sense to use a performance indicator (efficiency) of additional investments (investment growth), i.e. the rate increase investment and productivity (efficiency) of a particular investment share in GDP, that is, the accumulated amount of investments.
İsviçre Medeni Kanununun Yurtlarda veya Bakım Kurumlarında Kalan Ayırt Etme Gücü Bulunmayan Kişiler Hakkındaki Hükümleri ve Türk Hukuku Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İMAMOĞLU Hülya
Published: April 2019

İleri yaşta önemli zihinsel

hastalıklara maruz kalarak ayırt etme gücünü kaybeden, bu yönde bakım, ilgi ve

desteğe şiddetle ihtiyaç duyan özellikle yaşlı kişilerin korunması, güncel

hukuki meseleler arasındadır. İsviçre Medeni Kanununun vesayete ilişkin

hükümlerinde 2008 yılında yapılan değişiklikle, yurtlarda veya bakım

kurumlarında kalan ayırt etme gücü bulunmayan kişilerin korunması amacıyla

uygulanması zorunlu, sözü edilen kişilerin hukuki durumlarını belirli açılardan

iyileştirmeye yönelik bir düzenleme getirilmiştir. Bu yönde ayırt etme gücü

bulunmayan kişi ile kurum arasındaki bakım sözleşmesinin asgari içeriği, ayırt

etme gücü bulunmayan kişinin temsili, ayırt etme gücü bulunmayan kişinin

kişiliğinin korunması, bu bağlamda hareket özgürlüğünün sınırlanmasının şartları,

ilgili kurumların denetimi ve ilgili kurumların kararlarına karşı yasal başvuru

yolları hakkında önemli hükümler öngörülmüştür. Sözü edilen hükümler, ayırt

etme gücü bulunmayan kişi ile kurum arasındaki hukuki ilişkiye şeffaflık

sağlanması ve ayırt etme gücü bulunmayan kişinin kişiliğinin korunması yönünden

dikkate değerdir.

Türkiye’de ayırt etme gücü

bulunmayan erişkinlerin ihtiyaç duyduğu bakım ve desteğin sağlanması, özellikle

yaşlı ve engelliler bakımından 2828 sayılı ve 24.05.1983 tarihli Sosyal

Hizmetler Kanunu ve bu Kanuna dayanarak çıkarılan çeşitli Yönetmelikler

çerçevesinde düzenlenmiştir. Türk hukukundaki düzenlemelerin isabetli yönleri

bulunmakla birlikte, ilgili mevzuat genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde

bütünlükten uzak bir görünüş sergilemektedir. Özellikle ilgili sosyal hizmet

kuruluşlarında kalan kişilerin etkili bir biçimde korunmasını sağlayacak

açıklıkta hükümler bulunmamaktadır. Türk hukukunda bakıma ihtiyaç duyan

erişkinlerin, özellikle bunama vb. hastalıklardan muzdarip ileri yaştaki kişilerin

hukuki durumu, güncel bir bakış açısıyla, bütünlük gösterecek şekilde yeniden

düzenlenmelidir. Bu süreçte İsviçre hukukundaki düzenlemenin ve bu konudaki

bilimsel görüşlerin dikkate alınması da yararlı olur. 
Kira Sözleşmesinin Önemli Sebeplerle Olağanüstü Feshi (TBK. m. 331)
Authors: ŞAHİN Turan
Published: April 2019

6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nun kiraya

ilişkin genel hükümleri kapsamında kira sözleşmesinin sona ermesi; belirli

süreli kira sözleşmelerinde sürenin geçmesi (TBK m.327), belirsiz süreli kira

sözleşmelerinde fesih bildirimi (TBK m.328-330) ve olağanüstü fesih (TBK

m.331-333) şeklinde düzenlenmiştir. Olağanüstü fesih nedenleri ise önemli

sebepler (TBK m.331), kiracının iflası (TBK m.332) ve kiracının ölümü (TBK

m.333) olmak üzere üç başlıkta ifade edilmiştir. Kiraya ilişkin genel hükümler

kapsamında kira sözleşmesinin sona ermesine imkân veren üç durum daha söz

konusudur. Bunlardan ilki kiraya verenin, kiracının kiralananı özenle kullanma

ve komşulara saygı gösterme borcunu ihlal etmesi sebebiyle sözleşmeyi feshi

(TBK m.316), ikincisi kiracının temerrüdü (TBK m.315) sebebiyle sözleşmenin

feshi, üçüncüsü ise önemli ayıplar nedeniyle kiracının sözleşmeyi feshetmesidir

(TBK m.305/II).  Çalışmada kira

sözleşmesinin önemli sebeplerle feshine ilişkin TBK m.331 hükmü, diğer sona

erme sebepleri ile olan ilişkisi de değerlendirilmek suretiyle ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca

İsviçre Hukuku ve Yargıtay uygulaması da olabildiğince aktarılmaya

çalışılmıştır.  
O grotesco como performance e liminaridade em Monty Python
Authors: Vilela Anne Araujo
Published: April 2019

O grupo britânico Monty Python ou The Pythons iniciou na TV com a série cômica Monty Python's Flying Circus, programa que foi ao ar pela primeira vez em 1969. O grupo era composto por Eric Idle, Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Michael Palin, Terry Jones, todos jovens atores que experimentaram um novo estilo de comicidade. Também colaborava com eles o cartunista Terry Gilliam, da revista Mad. Aqui analiso como o cômico e o grotesco podem ser liminares e como os filmes e episódios do grupo Monty Python podem ser dialogicamente multidimensionais e interdisciplinares, assim como a performance, uma vez que estes não são somente filmes compostos por montagem de cenas e sequências aleatórias, estão conectados a um contexto, a uma visão de mundo do grupo, e a suas influências ideológicas, históricas e socioculturais. Estes usavam o humor para fazer um crítica ácida, “non sense”, surreal e muitas vezes considerada próxima do absurdo.
Role of CBCT in endodontic diagnosis:A case report
Authors: Anil Kumar R , Karumaran C S , Rajasekaran M , Veni Ashok B , Shankarnarayan G , Christina Percy N
Published: April 2019

The success rate of endodontic treatment is reported to be 86 - 98% (1), with the slight variations in the range depending on the pulp and periapical statuses of the tooth at the time of treatment. Although studies have reported high success rate, non-surgical endodontic therapy often fails when the necessary requirements are not accomplished (Persistenceof bacteria, inadequate filling of the canal, overextensions of root filling material, improper coronal seal, errors ininstrumentation etc.). Postoperative pain after Root canal treatment has been reported to be 1.9%-48% (2). Pain after endodontic treatment maybe due to microbial causes or iatrogenic causes (mechanical, chemical and even thermal).Diagnosis ofPostoperative pain in Endodontics is usually based on clinical and radiographical examinations, which are only heuristic methods. The amount of information obtained from intra-oral radiographs are limited due to the compression of the 3-dimensional anatomy of the area being radiographed into a 2-dimensional image, which restricts their diagnostic value. Therefore, thelimitations of 2-D conventional radiographs are overcome with the advent of 3-dimensional imaging using cone-beamCTwhich aid in correct interpretation and diagnosis.Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)analysis must be taken into consideration for cases in which the benefits of this analysis overcome the risks, contributing additional information compared to conventional radiography examination.This case report highlights the effective role of CBCT in detecting root fractures which were not identified with IOPA. Keywords:Post endodontic pain, Conventional radiographs, Cone beam computed tomography, root fractures
Comparing the Effect of Different Management and Rearing Systems on Pigeon Squab Welfare and Performance after the Loss of One or Both Parents
Authors: Abdel Fattah Azhar F. , Roushdy El-Shimaa M. , Tukur Hammed A. , Saadeldin Islam M. , Kishawy Asmaa T. Y.
Published: April 2019

Pigeon squabs completely depend on their parents for care and nourishment. The loss of one or both parents affects squabs’ successful fledging. This study was carried out on young squabs to compare the effect of pigeon parent sex and different fostering methods on squab welfare (behavior and growth performance). Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, the squabs were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control) consisted of 10 parent pairs with 20 brooding squabs; group 2 consisted of 10 male parents with 20 brooding squabs; and group 3 consisted of 10 female parents with 20 brooding squabs. In the second experiment, the squabs were also divided into three groups. Group 1 (control) consisted of 10 parent pairs with 20 brooding squabs; group 2 consisted of 20 brooding squabs fostered by 10 foster parent pigeons (either male or female); and group 3 consisted of 20 brooding squabs fostered by the hand-rearing method. A significant improvement in growth performance, behavioral welfare (head waggle, squab note and squab wing shake); increased repetition of these behaviors indicates stress and discomfort), and survival rate was observed to be higher in the group brooded by both parents compared to the group brooded by either a male or a female parent. In addition, the group fostered by hand-rearing showed a significant improvement in growth performance, behavioral welfare, and survival rate compared to the group brooded by foster pigeon parents.
Study on Compressive Strength and Water Permeability of Steel Slag-Fly Ash Mixed Permeable Brick
Authors: Liu Yan , Tang Wei , Singh Rajendra Prasad
Published: April 2019

In order to reduce stormwater runoff, permeable brick was prepared by compounding with fly ash and steel slag as the main substrate. The study found that the amount of steel slag has a significant influence on the compressive strength of permeable brick. When the proportion of steel slag is 6.5%, the compressive strength of permeable brick after 28 days curing can reach 26.32 MPa. The strength of permeable brick decreases with the increase of fly ash content, but the permeability coefficient increases significantly. The results show that the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of permeable bricks can reach a good level when the composite ratio of steel slag is 6%, fly ash is 30%, and the design target of porosity is 20%.
The Relationship between In-Cylinder Flow-Field near Spark Plug Areas, the Spark Behavior, and the Combustion Performance inside an Optical S.I. Engine
Authors: Nishiyama Atsushi , Le Minh Khoi , Furui Takashi , Ikeda Yuji
Published: April 2019

The stringent regulations that were placed on gasoline vehicles demand significant improvement of the powertrain unit, not only to become cleaner but also more efficient. Therefore, there is a strong need to understand the complex in-cylinder processes that will have a direct effect on the combustion quality. This study applied multiple high-speed optical imaging to investigate the interaction between the in-cylinder flow, the spark, the flame, and combustion performance. These individual elements have been studied closely in the literature but the combined effect is not well understood. Simultaneous imaging of in-cylinder flow and flame tomography using high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), as well as simultaneous high-speed spark imaging, were applied to port-injected optical gasoline imaging. The captured images were processed using in-house MATLAB algorithms and the deduced data shows a trend that higher in-cylinder flow velocity near the spark will increase the stretch distance of the spark and decrease the ignition delay. However, these do not have much effect on the combustion duration, and it is the flow-field in the entire area surrounding the flame development that will influence how fast the combustion and flame growth will occur.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Psychotherapy in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Viewpoint
Authors: Chalah Moussa , Ayache Samar
Published: April 2019

Among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions stand anxiety and depression. Psychotherapy and medications are considered effective treatments in these clinical settings. However, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)) administered in monotherapy or in a combined regimen do not result in satisfactory outcomes in all patients. Therefore, finding new treatments would be of great help. In the last three decades, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a safe tool to improve several neuropsychiatric symptoms. The following work revisits the available reports that assessed the add-on value of NIBS techniques when combined to psychotherapy (CBT or related interventions) in mood and anxiety disorders. The available protocols targeted the prefrontal cortex, a region that was previously found to have an enhanced activity or functional connectivity after psychotherapeutic interventions. Promising yet scarce evidence exists on this matter. A discrepancy exists among the available reports regarding the type and duration of interventions, the patients’ clinical profiles, and the presence of a sham intervention. NIBS may have acted by enhancing psychotherapy effects on the top-down cognitive control of emotions. Combining both therapies may result in promising effects, but future large-scale trials are needed to judge the utility of this combination in psychiatric populations.
Hypothesis: Astrocyte Foot Processes Detachment from the Neurovascular Unit in Female Diabetic Mice May Impair Modulation of Information Processing—Six Degrees of Separation
Authors: Hayden Melvin
Published: April 2019

Astrocytes via their foot processes (ACfp) are specialized connecting cells, and they structurally connect the neurovascular unit (NVU) mural cells to neurons. Astrocytes provide homeostatic mechanisms for structural connections and provide communication between the NVU and regional neurons for functional hyperemia in regions of increased neuronal activity (neurovascular coupling). Previously, our group has demonstrated a detachment, separation, and retraction of ACfp in diabetic db/db females (DBC). It was hypothesized that a loss of adherent ACfp/NVU could result in the known impaired cognition in DBC. Additionally hypothesized was that empagliflozin treatment could protect DBC ACfp/NVU remodeling. This study demonstrates a significant loss of ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC and a protection of this loss by empagliflozin treatment (DBE). The number of intact ACfp/NVU was 6.45 ± 1.1 in control heterozygous (CKC) vs. 1.88 ± 0.72 in DBC (p < 0.05) and 5.86 ± 0.88 in DBE vs. DBC (p < 0.05) by visually hand-counting the capillary NVUs (22 in CKC, 25 in DBC, and 22 in DBE). These findings suggest that empagliflozin provides neuroprotection via the prevention of ACfp separation in DBE as compared to diabetic DBC. Furthermore, a loss of ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC may correspond with a negative modulation of informational processing, and the protection of ACfp/NVU numbers could provide a protective modulation in DBE models.
The Association between Salt and Potential Mediators of the Gastric Precancerous Process
Authors: Thapa Susan , Fischbach Lori A. , Delongchamp Robert , Faramawi Mohammed F. , Orloff Mohammed
Published: April 2019

Background: The process by which salt affects the gastric precancerous process has not been adequately studied in humans. Methods: We investigated the effects of salt on gastric inflammation, epithelial damage, the density of Helicobacter pylori infection, and gastric epithelial cell proliferation, all of which may be mediators between salt and gastric precancerous/cancerous lesions. These potential mediators were measured using gastric biopsies as: (a) the density of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells (gastric inflammation), (b) mucus depletion (gastric epithelial damage), and (c) the severity of H. pylori infection. Salt intake was measured with spot urine samples (using urinary sodium/creatinine ratios), self-reported frequency of adding salt to food, and as total added salt. Results: The average sodium/creatinine ratio (at baseline and post-treatment at five months) was associated with increased epithelial damage over the 12-year follow-up period among those with a greater severity of chronic inflammation and among those with continued H. pylori infection after treatment at five months. This association was stronger when both severe gastric inflammation and H. pylori infection were present at five months (ß: 1.112, 95% CI: 0.377, 1.848). Conclusion: In humans, salt was associated with an increase in epithelial damage in stomachs with more severe previous H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation.
Rising Serum Uric Acid Level Is Negatively Associated with Survival in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yim Kendrick , Bindayi Ahmet , McKay Rana , Mehrazin Reza , Raheem Omer A. , Field Charles , Bloch Aaron , Wake Robert , Ryan Stephen , Patterson Anthony , Derweesh Ithaar H.
Published: April 2019

Aim and Background: To investigate the association of serum uric acid (SUA) levels along with statin use in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), as statins may be associated with improved outcomes in RCC and SUA elevation is associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC with preoperative/postoperative SUA levels between 8/2005–8/2018. Analysis was carried out between patients with increased postoperative SUA vs. patients with decreased/stable postoperative SUA. Kaplan-Meier analysis (KMA) calculated overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS). Multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed to identify factors associated with increased SUA levels and all-cause mortality. The prognostic significance of variables for OS and RFS was analyzed by cox regression analysis. Results: Decreased/stable SUA levels were noted in 675 (74.6%) and increased SUA levels were noted in 230 (25.4%). A higher proportion of patients with decreased/stable SUA levels took statins (27.9% vs. 18.3%, p = 0.0039). KMA demonstrated improved 5- and 10-year OS (89% vs. 47% and 65% vs. 9%, p < 0.001) and RFS (94% vs. 45% and 93% vs. 34%, p < 0.001), favoring patients with decreased/stable SUA levels. MVA revealed that statin use (Odds ratio (OR) 0.106, p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR 2.661, p = 0.004), stage III and IV disease compared to stage I (OR 1.887, p = 0.015 and 10.779, p < 0.001, respectively), and postoperative de novo CKD stage III (OR 5.952, p < 0.001) were predictors for increased postoperative SUA levels. MVA for all-cause mortality showed that increasing BMI (OR 1.085, p = 0.002), increasing ASA score (OR 1.578, p = 0.014), increased SUA levels (OR 4.698, p < 0.001), stage IV disease compared to stage I (OR 7.702, p < 0.001), radical nephrectomy (RN) compared to partial nephrectomy (PN) (OR 1.620, p = 0.019), and de novo CKD stage III (OR 7.068, p < 0.001) were significant factors. Cox proportional hazard analysis for OS revealed that increasing age (HR 1.017, p = 0.004), increasing BMI (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.099, p < 0.001), increasing SUA (HR 4.708, p < 0.001), stage III and IV compared to stage I (HR 1.537, p = 0.013 and 3.299, p < 0.001), RN vs. PN (HR 1.497, p = 0.029), and de novo CKD stage III (HR 1.684, p < 0.001) were significant factors. Cox proportional hazard analysis for RFS demonstrated that increasing ASA score (HR 1.239, p < 0.001, increasing SUA (HR 9.782, p < 0.001), and stage II, III, and IV disease compared to stage I (HR 2.497, p < 0.001 and 3.195, p < 0.001 and 6.911, p < 0.001) were significant factors. Conclusions: Increasing SUA was associated with poorer outcomes. Decreased SUA levels were associated with statin intake and lower stage disease as well as lack of progression to CKD and anemia. Further investigation is requisite.
The Prognostic Roles of Pretreatment Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Cancer Stem-Like Cells, and Programmed Cell Death-1 Expression on Peripheral Lymphocytes in Patients with Initially Unresectable, Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: An Exploratory Study of Three Biomarkers in One-time Blood Drawing
Authors: Chang Pei-Hung , Wu Min-Hsien , Liu Sen-Yu , Wang Hung-Ming , Huang Wen-Kuan , Liao Chun-Ta , Yen Tzu-Chen , Ng Shu-Hang , Chen Jen-Shi , Lin Yung-Chang , Lin Hung-Chih , Hsieh Jason Chia-Hsun
Published: April 2019

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and immune status are strongly related to cancer prognosis, although few studies have examined both factors. This prospective observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02420600) evaluated whether CTCs, circulating cancer stem-like cells (cCSCs), and peripheral lymphocytes with/without Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression were associated with prognosis among patients receiving palliative chemotherapy for initially unresectable, recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rmHNSCC). Thirty-four patients were enrolled between January 2015 and June 2016. Overall survival (OS) was associated with a higher CTC number (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.01, p = 0.0004) and cCSC ratio (HR: 29.903, p < 0.0001). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also associated with CTC number (HR: 1.013, p = 0.002) and cCSC ratio (HR: 10.92, p = 0.003). A CD8+ proportion of ≥ 17% was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.242, p = 0.004). A CD4: CD8 ratio of >1.2 was associated with poorer trend of PFS (HR: 2.12, p = 0.064). PD-1 expression was not associated with survival outcomes. Baseline CTCs, cCSC ratio, and CD8+ ratio may predict prognosis in rmHNSCC.
Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP) Induces Intracellular Ca2+ Release through the Two-Pore Channel TPC1 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Faris Pawan , Pellavio Giorgia , Ferulli Federica , Di Nezza Francesca , Shekha Mudhir , Lim Dmitry , Maestri Marcello , Guerra Germano , Ambrosone Luigi , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Laforenza Umberto , Montagna Daniela , Moccia Francesco
Published: April 2019

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) gates two-pore channels 1 and 2 (TPC1 and TPC2) to elicit endo-lysosomal (EL) Ca2+ release. NAADP-induced EL Ca2+ signals may be amplified by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism (CICR). Herein, we aimed at assessing for the first time the role of EL Ca2+ signaling in primary cultures of human metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) by exploiting Ca2+ imaging and molecular biology techniques. The lysosomotropic agent, Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide (GPN), and nigericin, which dissipates the ΔpH which drives Ca2+ refilling of acidic organelles, caused massive Ca2+ release in the presence of a functional inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-sensitive ER Ca2+ store. Liposomal delivery of NAADP induced a transient Ca2+ release that was reduced by GPN and NED-19, a selective TPC antagonist. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations revealed that the Ca2+ response to NAADP was triggered by TPC1, the most expressed TPC isoform in mCRC cells, and required ER-embedded InsP3 receptors. Finally, NED-19 and genetic silencing of TPC1 reduced fetal calf serum-induced Ca2+ signals, proliferation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt phoshorylation in mCRC cells. These data demonstrate that NAADP-gated TPC1 could be regarded as a novel target for alternative therapies to treat mCRC.
Identification of KIF11 as a Novel Target in Meningioma
Authors: Jungwirth Gerhard , Yu Tao , Moustafa Mahmoud , Rapp Carmen , Warta Rolf , Jungk Christine , Sahm Felix , Dettling Steffen , Zweckberger Klaus , Lamszus Katrin , Senft Christian , Loehr Mario , Keßler Almuth F. , Ketter Ralf , Westphal Manfred , Debus Juergen , von Deimling Andreas , Simon Matthias , Unterberg Andreas , Abdollahi Amir , Herold-Mende Christel
Published: April 2019

Kinesins play an important role in many physiological functions including intracellular vesicle transport and mitosis. The emerging role of kinesins in different cancers led us to investigate the expression and functional role of kinesins in meningioma. Therefore, we re-analyzed our previous microarray dataset of benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas (n = 62) and got evidence for differential expression of five kinesins (KIFC1, KIF4A, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A). Further validation in an extended study sample (n = 208) revealed a significant upregulation of these genes in WHO°I to °III meningiomas (WHO°I n = 61, WHO°II n = 88, and WHO°III n = 59), which was most pronounced in clinically more aggressive tumors of the same WHO grade. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed a WHO grade-associated upregulated protein expression in meningioma tissues. Furthermore, high mRNA expression levels of KIFC1, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A were associated with shorter progression-free survival. On a functional level, knockdown of kinesins in Ben-Men-1 cells and in the newly established anaplastic meningioma cell line NCH93 resulted in a significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation upon siRNA-mediated downregulation of KIF11 in both cell lines by up to 95% and 71%, respectively. Taken together, in this study we were able to identify the prognostic and functional role of several kinesin family members of which KIF11 exhibits the most promising properties as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target, which may offer new treatment options for aggressive meningiomas.
Lipid Droplets: A Significant but Understudied Contributor of Host–Bacterial Interactions
Authors: Libbing Cassandra L. , McDevitt Adam R. , Azcueta Rea-Mae P. , Ahila Ahila , Mulye Minal
Published: April 2019

Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytosolic lipid storage organelles that are important for cellular lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, and inflammation. Several bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens exploit host LDs to promote infection, thus emphasizing the importance of LDs at the host–pathogen interface. In this review, we discuss the thus far reported relation between host LDs and bacterial pathogens including obligate and facultative intracellular bacteria, and extracellular bacteria. Although there is less evidence for a LD–extracellular bacterial interaction compared to interactions with intracellular bacteria, in this review, we attempt to compare the bacterial mechanisms that target LDs, the host signaling pathways involved and the utilization of LDs by these bacteria. Many intracellular bacteria employ unique mechanisms to target host LDs and potentially obtain nutrients and lipids for vacuolar biogenesis and/or immune evasion. However, extracellular bacteria utilize LDs to either promote host tissue damage or induce host death. We also identify several areas that require further investigation. Along with identifying LD interactions with bacteria besides the ones reported, the precise mechanisms of LD targeting and how LDs benefit pathogens should be explored for the bacteria discussed in the review. Elucidating LD–bacterial interactions promises critical insight into a novel host–pathogen interaction.
Photovoltaic Characteristics of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Counter-Electrode Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Produced by Chemical Treatment and Addition of Dispersant
Authors: Kim Sedong , Dovjuu Otgonbayar , Choi Soon-Ho , Jeong Hyomin , Park Ji-Tae
Published: April 2019

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have excellent electrical conductivity and good chemical stability, and are used as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The counter electrodes collect electrons from the external circuit and catalyze the redox reaction in the electrolyte. Electrocatalysis is an important step for generating energy from triiodide reduction in DSSCs. In this study, chemically treated MWCNTs were investigated for improving the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The MWCNTs were modified through chemical oxidation with sulfuric acid/nitric acid (H2SO4/HNO3) or potassium persulfate/sodium hydroxide (K2S2O8/NaOH). Nanocellulose (CNC) was used as a dispersant to improve the photovoltaic performance and dispersibility as an alternative material for counter electrodes in DSSCs. The counter electrodes were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates by spin coating nanofluids. Morphological and structural investigations were performed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity and UV light absorption of the DSSCs were analyzed to evaluate their photovoltaic performance. The results of these analyses showed that chemical functionalization and addition of CNC were effective for increasing the electrical conductivity and UV light absorption. Finally, all result trends were the same. Increasing the dispersibility of the counter electrode was found to improve the reduction of I3− at the interface between the MWCNTs and the electrolyte, thereby, improving the energy conversion efficiency.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Generalized Viral Infection Model with Distributed Delays and CTL Immune Response
Authors: Hattaf Khalid
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we propose and investigate a diffusive viral infection model with distributed delays and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response. Also, both routes of infection that are virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell transmission are modeled by two general nonlinear incidence functions. The well-posedness of the proposed model is also proved by establishing the global existence, uniqueness, nonnegativity and boundedness of solutions. Moreover, the threshold parameters and the global asymptotic stability of equilibria are obtained. Furthermore, diffusive and delayed virus dynamics models presented in many previous studies are improved and generalized.
Quadcopter-Based Rapid Response First-Aid Unit with Live Video Monitoring
Authors: Rizwan Raffay , Shehzad Muhammad Naeem , Awais Muhammad Naeem
Published: April 2019

Air transport is the fastest way to reach areas with no direct land routes for ambulances. This paper presents the development of a quadcopter-based rapid response unit in an efficient aerial aid system to eliminate the delay time for first aid supplies. The system comprises a health monitoring and calling system for a field person working in open areas and a base station with the quadcopter. In an uncertain situation, the quadcopter is deployed from the base station towards the field person for immediate help through the specified path using constant Global System for Mobile (GSM)- and Global Positioning System (GPS)-based connections. The entire operation can be monitored at the base station with a Virtual Reality (VR) head-tracking system supported by a smartphone. The camera installed on the quadcopter is synchronized with the operator’s head movement while wearing a VR head-tracking system at the base station. Moreover, an Infrared (IR)-based obstacle-evasion model is implemented separately to explain the working of the autonomous collision-avoidance system. The system was tested, which confirmed the reduction in the response time to supply aid to the desired locations.