bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creativity and the Arts of Disguise: Switching Between Formal and Informal Channels in the Evolution of Creative Projects
Authors: Mainemelis Charalampos , Sakellariou Evy
Published: February 2022

The extant creativity literature suggests that creative projects evolve in organizations through either formal or informal channels. This article advances creativity research beyond these two limited single-channel conceptualizations by exploring why and how creative projects evolve by accessing both formal and informal channels. In a study of a creative communications campaign in a subsidiary of a Fortune 500 multinational corporation, we find that switching from the formal to the informal channel allows the creative project to bypass organizational barriers and secure strategic autonomy, whereas switching from the informal to the formal channel allows the creative project to preserve its legitimacy and secure resources. Our analysis reveals that these bidirectional channel-switching transitions are propelled by four versatile subprocesses: selective concealment; strategic use of time; exploitation of hierarchical and knowledge gaps; and shared wins framing. Drawing on our findings, we develop a dual-channel process model of creative evolution that provides a missing theoretical link between, on the one hand, the variable conditions that impel creative projects to follow at times formal and at other times informal channels, and on the other hand, the differential mechanisms through which the two directions of channel switching allow creative projects to further evolve.
Principles of Formation of Leadership Qualities of Undergraduates
Authors:   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Bespartochna Olena , Skrebkova Kseniia ,   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University
Published: February 2022

The article presents the essential features of theories and modern concepts of leadership in the works of domestic and foreign scientists, describes the legal documents in the field of higher education, which form the basis for the formation of leadership competence of future professionals. The peculiarities of the development of leadership competencies in higher education institutions of the European Union and the United States are presented. The essential features of leadership qualities, features of individual qualities of different types of leaders are revealed. The leading qualities necessary for a leader in a student environment are determined. The main directions of activity of the leading free economic zones of Ukraine concerning development and support of leadership qualities of applicants of higher education, conditions of development of leadership qualities at applicants of higher education are characterized. The principles that ensure the implementation of the tasks of forming leadership qualities in applicants for higher education are revealed.
The Use of Competency-oriented Tasks in the Process of General Pedagogical Training of Future Teachers
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Aleksieieva Oksana
Published: February 2022

The article presents essential features of the competence approach as a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of competence-oriented tasks in the process of general pedagogical training of future teachers. According to the professional standard, labour functions and relevant professional competencies (language and communicative, subject and methodical, information and digital, emotional and ethical, competence of pedagogical partnership, prognostic, organizational, etc.), which form the basis of a modern teacher's professionalism have been characterized. The essence, functions, specific features, typology and structure of competency-oriented tasks, features of their development based on B. Bloom’s taxonomy have been presented. The advantages and disadvantages / risks of using competency-oriented tasks in the process of general pedagogical training of future teachers have been identified. Taking into account the job functions and professional competencies of a modern teacher, examples of competency-oriented tasks within the educational components of general pedagogical training of future teachers have been presented.
Effective Algorithm to Control Depth Level for Performance Improvement of Sound Tracing
Authors: Kim Eunjae , Yun Juwon , Chung Woonam , Nah Jae-Ho , Kim Youngsik , Kim Cheoung Ghil , Park Woo-Chan
Published: February 2022

Sound tracing, a 3D sound rendering technology based on ray tracing, is a very costly method for calculating sound propagation. To reduce its expense, we propose an algorithm for adjusting the depth based on frame coherence and spatial characteristics. The results of the experiment indicate that when the sound source and listener were indoors, the reflection path loss rate was 3%, the diffraction path loss rate was 15.4%, and the total frame rate increased by 6.25%. When the listener was outdoors and the sound source was indoors, the reflection path and diffraction path loss rate were 0%, and the total frame rate was increased by 33.33 compared to the conventional method. Thus, the proposed algorithm can improve rendering performance while minimizing path loss rate.
COVID-19-related orbital abscesses: a case report
Authors: Heywood EG , Ul-Haq I , Pankhania M
Published: February 2022

Orbital cellulitis is a condition with a high risk of morbidity, including visual loss. It commonly originates from the paranasal sinuses. We present a case of multifocal intraorbital abscesses secondary to viral sinusitis in an adolescent with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This patient presented with classic symptoms of orbital cellulitis, but did not display classical symptoms of COVID-19. The patient initially underwent endoscopic drainage, followed by a combined approach which yielded no pus. He recovered without complication. This is the second report of its type showing a causative link between SARS-CoV-2 and orbital cellulitis.
Plasma current measurement in ITER with a polarization-OTDR: impact of fiber bending and twisting on the measurement accuracy
Authors: Dandu Prasad , Gusarov Andrei , Moreau Philippe , Leysen Willem , Kim SungMoon , Mégret Patrice , Wuilpart Marc
Published: February 2022

Using a polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), plasma current in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) can be measured by investigating the Faraday effect-induced polarization rotation in a spun fiber placed around the Vacuum Vessel. However, intrinsic birefringence and external effects like fiber bending and twisting generate unwanted polarization changes and decrease the measurement accuracy. In this paper, a simulation-based approach is developed, considering bending and twisting effects to assess the performance of the reflectometer in measuring plasma current at ITER. The results demonstrate that, for a proper choice of spun sensing fiber parameters (intrinsic beat length and spun period), the performance of the sensor satisfies ITER accuracy.
Construction of a compact off-axis three-mirror reflective system
Authors: Mi Zhaoxun , Li Zexiao , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: February 2022

Off-axis reflective optical systems have been widely used due to the nature of miniaturization and no obscuration. However, it is difficult to control the desired system structure during the designation and optimization, especially to maintain the compact system structure. In this paper, a constructing method of off-axis reflective optical systems is proposed to achieve the compact feature. The structure construction combines the constraints of the aberration and the system structure. Multiple parameters of aberration (optical performance) and the mirror coordinates (system structure) are simultaneously optimized to obtain the initial structure using the genetic algorithm. The initial structure is compact, unobscured, and remains less difficult to optimize. A compact off-axis three-mirror reflective system was designed with an entrance pupil diameter of 90 mm, a focal length of 405 mm, and a field of view of

3

∘

×

3

∘

. Each mirror is expressed by an XY polynomial to achieve optimized optical performance.
Highly sensitive metamaterial-based microwave sensor for the application of milk and dairy products
Authors: Abdulkarim Yadgar I. , Bakır Mehmet , Yaşar İbrahim , Ulutaş Hasan , Karaaslan Muharrem , Özkan Alkurt Fatih , Sabah Cumali , Dong Jian
Published: February 2022

In this work, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, metamaterial-based microwave sensor is designed, numerically simulated, and experimentally tested for milk and dairy products in the frequency range of 8 to 9 GHz. The proposed structure is composed of copper split-ring resonators printed on Arlon Diclad 527 dielectric substrate. Reflection coefficientS11was determined by using numerical simulation, and the structure was experimentally tested to validate the sensor at the X band frequency. The material under the test was placed in the sensor layer just behind the proposed structure, and the design was optimized to sense the change in the dielectric constant via resonance frequency shifts. The proposed study was not only used for fat contents and freshness checking of milk, it was also applied to other dairy products such as cheese, ayran, and yogurt. The maximum resonance frequency shift was observed in yogurt to be 140 MHz, and the minimum frequency shift was observed in fresh and spoiled ayran to be around 40 MHz. This work provides a new approach to the current metamaterial sensor studies existing in literature by having novel material applications with new microwave metamaterial sensors.
Cardiac endocardial left atrial substrate and lesion depth mapping using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Park Soo Young , Yang Haiqiu , Marboe Charles , Ziv Ohad , Laurita Kenneth , Rollins Andrew , Saluja Deepak , Hendon Christine P.
Published: February 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapid irregular electrical activity in the upper chamber and the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Many patients require radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy to restore sinus rhythm. Pulmonary vein isolation requires distinguishing normal atrial wall from the pulmonary vein tissue, and atrial substrate ablation requires differentiating scar tissue, fibrosis, and adipose tissue. However, current anatomical mapping methods for strategically locating ablation sites by identifying structural substrates in real-time are limited. An intraoperative tool that accurately provides detailed structural information and classifies endocardial substrates could help improve RF guidance during RF ablation therapy. In this work, we propose a 7F NIRS integrated ablation catheter and demonstrate endocardial mapping on ex vivo swine (n = 12) and human (n = 5) left atrium (LA). First, pulmonary vein (PV) sleeve, fibrosis and ablation lesions were identified with NIRS-derived contrast indices. Based on these key spectral features, classification algorithms identified endocardial substrates with high accuracy (<11% error). Then, a predictive model for lesion depth was evaluated on classified lesions. Model predictions correlated well with histological measurements of lesion dimensions (R = 0.984). Classified endocardial substrates and lesion depth were represented in 2D spatial maps. These results suggest NIRS integrated mapping catheters can serve as a complementary tool to the current electroanatomical mapping system to improve treatment efficacy.
All-optical aggregation and distribution of traffic in large metropolitan area networks using multi-Tb/s S-BVTs
Authors: Rapisarda Mariangela , Hernández José Alberto , Gatto Alberto , Parolari Paola , Boffi Pierpaolo , Svaluto Moreolo Michela , Fábrega Josep Maria , Nadal Laia , Martínez Ricardo , López Víctor , Fernández-Palacios Juan-Pedro , Otero Gabriel , Larrabeiti David
Published: February 2022

Current metropolitan area network architectures are based on a number of hierarchical levels that aggregate traffic toward the core at the IP layer. In this setting, routers are interconnected by means of fixed transceivers operating on a point-to-point basis where the rates of transceivers need to match. This implies a great deal of intermediate transceivers to collect traffic and groom and send it to the core. This paper proposes an alternative scheme based on sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceivers (S-BVTs) where the slice-ability property is exploited to perform the aggregation of traffic from multiple edges

n

-to-1 rather than 1-to-1. This approach can feature relevant cost reductions through IP offloading at intermediate transit nodes but requires viable optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) margins for all-optical transmission through the network. In this work, we prove through simulation the viability and applicability of this technique in large metro networks with a vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser-based S-BVT design to target net capacities per channel of 25, 40, and 50 Gb/s. The study reveals that this technology can support most of the paths required for IP offloading after simulation in a semi-synthetic topology modeling a 20-million-inhabitant metropolitan area. Moreover, OSNR margins enable the use of protection paths (secondary disjoint paths) between the target node and the core much longer than primary paths in terms of both the number of intermediate hops and kilometers.
Ultra-compact VCSEL scanner for high power solid-state beam steering
Authors: Hu Shanting , Gu Xiaodong , Hassan Ahmed , Li Ruixiao , Nakahama Masanori , Shinada Satoshi , Koyama Fumio
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate the lateral monolithic integration of a tunable first-order surface-grating loaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and slow-light waveguide with fan-beam steering and amplifier function. Shallow Bragg-grating formed on the surface of a VCSEL section enables the selection of a single slow-light mode, which can be coupled into the integrated long waveguide and amplified through pumping the amplifier above threshold. We obtained over 3W amplified slow-light power with single-mode operation and over 4W amplified quasi-single-mode power under pulsed current injection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power for single-mode VCSELs. Solid-state beam steering of the device is also demonstrated with 9° fan-beam steering range and 200 resolution points.
Retrieving the Talbot length of arbitrary 2D gratings
Authors: Dettlaff Krispin M. , Mavrona Elena , Zolliker Peter , Hack Erwin
Published: February 2022

The Talbot effect has been revived in many fields of modern optics. As a key number of self-imaging, the fundamental Talbot length plays a crucial role in many applications. However, the inspection of the Talbot carpet for determining the Talbot length is applicable only if the 2D field distribution behind the grating is represented by a 1D cross section. In this Letter, we show an effective way to overcome this limitation to explore the self-imaging of gratings with complex 2D periodicities. For that purpose, the near-field diffraction is analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient of the intensity distribution in Fourier space. We report results on linear, ring, and spiral gratings.
Bayesian data assimilation for estimating instantaneous reproduction numbers during epidemics: Applications to COVID-19
Authors: Yang Xian , Wang Shuo , Xing Yuting , Li Ling , Xu Richard Yi Da , Friston Karl J. , Guo Yike
Published: February 2022

Estimating the changes of epidemiological parameters, such as instantaneous reproduction number, Rt, is important for understanding the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Current estimates of time-varying epidemiological parameters often face problems such as lagging observations, averaging inference, and improper quantification of uncertainties. To address these problems, we propose a Bayesian data assimilation framework for time-varying parameter estimation. Specifically, this framework is applied to estimate the instantaneous reproduction number Rt during emerging epidemics, resulting in the state-of-the-art ‘DARt’ system. With DARt, time misalignment caused by lagging observations is tackled by incorporating observation delays into the joint inference of infections and Rt; the drawback of averaging is overcome by instantaneously updating upon new observations and developing a model selection mechanism that captures abrupt changes; the uncertainty is quantified and reduced by employing Bayesian smoothing. We validate the performance of DARt and demonstrate its power in describing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. The proposed approach provides a promising solution for making accurate and timely estimation for transmission dynamics based on reported data.
Molecular epidemiology and microbiological characteristics of Cryptococcus gattii VGII isolates from China
Authors: Zang Xuelei , Ke Weixin , Wang Lifeng , Wu Hua , Huang Yemei , Deng Hengyu , Zhou Meng , Wu Ningxin , Xue Xinying , Shen Dingxia
Published: February 2022

Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) is a fungal pathogen that once caused an outbreak of cryptococcosis on Vancouver Island, and had spread worldwide, while few data were available in China. In this study, seven clinical isolates of C. gattii VGII were collected from 19 hospitals, Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed, combined with published data for phylogenetic analysis. In addition, in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing, phenotypic analysis, and in vivo virulence studies were performed, subsequently, histopathological analysis of lung tissue was performed. C.gattii VGII infected patients were mainly immunocompetent male, and most of them had symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. MLST results showed that isolates from China exhibited high genetic diversity, and sequence type (ST) 7 was the major ST among the isolates. Some clinical isolates showed a close phylogenetic relationship with strains from Australia and South America. All clinical isolates did not show resistance to antifungal drugs. In addition, there was no correlation between virulence factors (temperature, melanin production, and capsule size) and virulence while in vivo experiments showed significant differences in virulence among strains. Lung fungal burden and damage to lung tissue correlated with virulence, and degree of damage to lung tissue in mice may highlight differences in virulence. Our work seeks to provide useful data for molecular epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence differences of C. gattii VGII in China.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding schistosomiasis infection and prevention: A mixed-methods study among endemic communities of western Uganda
Authors: Anyolitho Maxson Kenneth , Poels Karolien , Huyse Tine , Tumusiime Julius , Mugabi Faith , Tolo Casim Umba , Masquillier Caroline , Nyakato Viola Nilah
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In Uganda, schistosomiasis (re)infections have continued to remain high despite the implementation of mass drug administration and sensitization campaigns aimed at controlling the disease. This could imply that there are some barriers to the implemented preventive measures. We conducted a mixed-methods study in Kagadi and Ntoroko districts around Lake Albert to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding schistosomiasis and to explore and understand perspectives regarding the disease.

Materials and methods

Semi-structured survey questionnaires were administered to 337 household adults selected through systematic random sampling. We also interviewed 12 participants and held 28 focus-group discussion sessions with 251 individuals respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, and chi-square tests for associations, while themes and sub-themes were used to analyse qualitative data respectively.

Findings

A total of 98.5%, 81.3%, and 78.5% had heard about schistosomiasis, and knew the main transmission modes and symptoms, respectively. The majority (75.8%) said avoiding contact with water was a preventative way, while 67.5% said observing signs and symptoms was a form of diagnosis. Furthermore, 98.4% and 73.4% said it was important to defecate in latrines and to avoid contact with contaminated water respectively. However, it is difficult to avoid contact with lake water because it is the only source of livelihood, especially for fisher communities. Open defecation is commonly practiced along the lake due to insufficient space and difficulties in the construction of latrines. Myths and misconceptions reported include; lake water is safe, gassing in water causes transmission, fetching water early in the morning and from deep water is safe, and feces in the lake water act as a bait for catching fish.

Conclusions and recommendations

Despite adequate knowledge of schistosomiasis and a positive attitude towards its prevention, existing myths and misconceptions, coupled with persistent risky water, sanitation, and hygiene practices still pose a challenge. A more robust community-based awareness intervention using bottom-up participatory approaches, accompanied by the provision of clean and safe water sources and increasing latrine coverage, could provide lasting solutions to these barriers.
The effect of weight loss interventions in truck drivers: Systematic review
Authors: Pritchard Elizabeth K. , Kim Hyunjin Christina , Nguyen Nicola , van Vreden Caryn , Xia Ting , Iles Ross
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Truck driving is the most common vocation among males internationally with a high proportion overweight/obese due to a combination of work and lifestyle factors leading to health complications. With limited studies in this area, this systematic review aimed to identify and describe interventions addressing weight reduction in truck drivers.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched, January 2000 to June 2020 (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus). Inclusion criteria: experimental primary studies, long-distance (≥500 kms) truck drivers, peer reviewed publications in English. Weight loss interventions included physical activity, diet, behavioral therapy, or health promotion/education programs. Exclusions: non-interventional studies, medications or surgical interventions. Two independent researchers completed screening, risk of bias (RoB) and data extraction with discrepancies managed by a third. Study descriptors, intervention details and outcomes were extracted.

Results

Seven studies (two RCTs, five non-RCTs,) from three countries were included. Six provided either counselling/coaching or motivational interviewing in combination with other components e.g. written resources, online training, provision of exercise equipment. Four studies demonstrated significant effects with a combined approach, however, three had small sample sizes (<29). The effect sizes for 5/7 studies were medium to large size (5/7 studies), indicating likely clinical significance. RoB assessment revealed some concerns (RCTs), and for non-RCTs; one moderate, two serious and two with critical concerns. Based on the small number of RCTs and the biases they contain, the overall level of evidence in this topic is weak.

Conclusion

Interventions that include a combination of coaching and other resources may provide successful weight reduction for truck drivers and holds clinical significance in guiding the development of future interventions in this industry. However, additional trials across varied contexts with larger sample populations are needed.
Virtually Augmented Self-Hypnosis applied to endovascular interventions (VA-HYPO): Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: Qanadli Salah D. , Gudmundsson Louis , Gullo Giuseppe , Ponti Alexandre , Saltiel Sarah , Jouannic Anne-Marie , Faouzi Mohamed , Rotzinger David C.
Published: February 2022

Endovascular interventions (EVI) are increasingly performed as minimally-invasive alternatives to surgery and have many advantages, including a decreased need for general anesthesia. However, EVI can be stressful for patients and often lead to anxiety and pain related to the procedure. The use of local anesthetics, anxiolytics, and analgesic drugs can help avoid general anesthesia. Nevertheless, these drugs have potential side effects. Alternative nonpharmacological therapies can improve patients’ experience during conscious interventions and reduce the need for additional medications. The added value of virtually augmented self-hypnosis (VA-HYPO) and its potential to reduce pain and anxiety during peripheral and visceral arterial and venous EVI is unknown. This is a prospective two-arm trial designed to randomize 100 patients in two groups according to the use or not of VA-HYPO during peripheral EVI as a complementary nonpharmacological technique to improve patient comfort. The main objective is to compare per-procedural anxiety, and the secondary aim is to compare the rated per-procedural pain in both groups. The potential significance is that VA-HYPO may improve patients’ experience during peripheral and visceral arterial and venous EVI and other minimally invasive interventions performed under local anesthesia.

Trial registration: Our study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov, with trial registration number: NCT04561596.
Demographic and life history traits explain patterns in species vulnerability to extinction
Authors: Hernández-Yáñez Haydée , Kim Su Yeon , Che-Castaldo Judy P.
Published: February 2022

As ecosystems face disruption of community dynamics and habitat loss, the idea of determining ahead of time which species can become extinct is an important subject in conservation biology. A species’ vulnerability to extinction is dependent upon both intrinsic (life-history strategies, genetics) and extrinsic factors (environment, anthropogenic threats). Studies linking intrinsic traits to extinction risk have shown variable results, and to our knowledge, there has not been a systematic analysis looking at how demographic patterns in stage-specific survival and reproductive rates correlate to extinction risk. We used matrix projection models from the COMPADRE and COMADRE matrix databases and IUCN Red List status as our proxy of extinction risk to investigate if some demographic patterns are more vulnerable to extinction than others. We obtained data on demographic rates, phylogeny, and IUCN status for 159 species of herbaceous plants, trees, mammals, and birds. We calculated 14 demographic metrics related to different aspects of life history and elasticity values and analyzed whether they differ based on IUCN categories using conditional random forest analysis and phylogenetic generalized least square regressions. We mapped all species within the database, both with IUCN assessment and without, and overlaid them with biodiversity hotspots to investigate if there is bias within the assessed species and how many of the non-assessed species could use the demographic information recorded in COMPADRE and COMADRE for future IUCN assessments. We found that herbaceous perennials are more vulnerable when they mature early and have high juvenile survival rates; birds are more vulnerable with high progressive growth and reproduction; mammals are more vulnerable when they have longer generation times. These patterns may be used to assess relative vulnerability across species when lacking abundance or trend data.
Acute changes in handgrip strength, lung function and health-related quality of life following cardiac surgery
Authors: Mgbemena Nnamdi , Jones Anne , Saxena Pankaj , Ang Nicholas , Senthuran Siva , Leicht Anthony
Published: February 2022

Background

Handgrip strength (HGS), lung function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are relevant indicators of future cardiovascular risk and mortality. The impact of cardiac surgery on these predictive variables has been under-explored. The aim of this study was to determine the acute (within hospital) changes in HGS, lung function and HRQoL, and their relationships, in adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Further, the study examined the relationship between these variables and the predictors for lung function and HRQoL in these patients.

Methods

The study was a prospective cohort study that involved 101 patients who completed pre-operative (1–2 days before surgery) and physiotherapy discharge (5–7 days after surgery) assessments. Handgrip strength, lung function and HRQoL were assessed using JAMAR dynamometers, Vitalograph-Alpha or EasyOne spirometer, and Short-Form 36 questionnaire, respectively. Changes in these variables and their relationships were analysed using paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively. Prediction of lung function and HRQoL using HGS and other co-variates was conducted using regression analysis.

Results

At the time of physiotherapy discharge, lung function, HGS and the physical component of HRQoL were significantly (<0.001) reduced compared to their pre-operative values. Significant (<0.001) and moderate correlations were identified between HGS and lung function at pre-operation and physiotherapy discharge. Handgrip strength was a significant predictor of lung function pre-operatively but not at physiotherapy discharge. Pre-operative lung function and HRQoL, as well as other variables, were significant predictors of lung function and HRQoL during physiotherapy discharge.

Conclusions

Undergoing cardiac surgery acutely and significantly reduced lung function, HGS and physical component of HRQoL in adults with cardiac disease. Assessment of HGS at physiotherapy discharge may be a poor indicator of operative changes in lung function and HRQoL. Clinicians may consider HGS as an inadequate tool in predicting lung function and HRQoL following cardiac surgery.
Non-pharmacological interventions for bone health after stroke: A systematic review
Authors: Sallehuddin Hakimah , Ong Terence , Md. Said Salmiah , Ahmad Tarmizi Noor Azleen , Loh Siew Ping , Lim Wan Chieh , Nadarajah Reena , Lim Hong Tak , Mohd Zambri Nurul Huda , Ho Yun Ying , Shariff Ghazali Sazlina
Published: February 2022

Objective

To examine the effectiveness and safety of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce bone loss among post-stroke adult patients.

Data sources

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and PeDRO databases were searched from inception up to 31st August 2021.

Methods

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials, experimental studies without randomization and prospective cohort studies with concurrent control of non-pharmacological interventions for adult stroke patients compared with placebo or other stroke care. The review outcomes were bone loss, fall and fracture. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools were used to assess methodological quality, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations Framework to assess outcome quality. Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) was used for result synthesis.

Results

Seven studies (n = 453) were included. The methodological and outcome qualities varied from low to moderate. There were statistically significant changes between the intervention and parallel/placebo group in bone mineral density, bone mineral content, cortical thickness and bone turnover markers with specific physical and vibration therapies (p<0.05). Falls were higher in the intervention group, but no fracture was reported.

Conclusion

There was low to moderate evidence that physical and vibration therapies significantly reduced bone loss in post-stroke patients at the expense of a higher falls rate. The sample size was small, and the interventions were highly heterogeneous with different duration, intensities and frequencies. Despite osteoporosis occurring with ageing and accelerated by stroke, there were no studies on vitamin D or protein supplementation to curb the ongoing loss. Effective, high-quality non-pharmacological intervention to improve post-stroke bone health is required.
Increased dosage and treatment time of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) negatively affects skeletal parameters in normal mice and Down syndrome mouse models
Authors: Jamal Raza , LaCombe Jonathan , Patel Roshni , Blackwell Matthew , Thomas Jared R. , Sloan Kourtney , Wallace Joseph M. , Roper Randall J.
Published: February 2022

Bone abnormalities affect all individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and are linked to abnormal expression of DYRK1A, a gene found in three copies in people with DS and Ts65Dn DS model mice. Previous work in Ts65Dn male mice demonstrated that both genetic normalization of Dyrk1a and treatment with ~9 mg/kg/day Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol found in green tea and putative DYRK1A inhibitor, improved some skeletal deficits. Because EGCG treatment improved mostly trabecular skeletal deficits, we hypothesized that increasing EGCG treatment dosage and length of administration would positively affect both trabecular and cortical bone in Ts65Dn mice. Treatment of individuals with DS with green tea extract (GTE) containing EGCG also showed some weight loss in individuals with DS, and we hypothesized that weights would be affected in Ts65Dn mice after EGCG treatment. Treatment with ~20 mg/kg/day EGCG for seven weeks showed no improvements in male Ts65Dn trabecular bone and only limited improvements in cortical measures. Comparing skeletal analyses after ~20mg/kg/day EGCG treatment with previously published treatments with ~9, 50, and 200 mg/kg/day EGCG showed that increased dosage and treatment time increased cortical structural deficits leading to weaker appendicular bones in male mice. Weight was not affected by treatment in mice, except for those given a high dose of EGCG by oral gavage. These data indicate that high doses of EGCG, similar to those reported in some treatment studies of DS and other disorders, may impair long bone structure and strength. Skeletal phenotypes should be monitored when high doses of EGCG are administered therapeutically.
From thought to action: On the relevance of including situational cues in thought about intended actions
Authors: Martiny-Huenger Torsten , Damanskyy Yevhen , Parks-Stamm Elizabeth J.
Published: February 2022

Successful everyday self-regulation often hinges on implementing intended responses at a later time–often in specific situations. We address this self-regulation challenge by examining the role of individuals’ thought about intended actions–and specifically whether it does or does not include situational cues. We hypothesized that including situational cues when thinking about intended actions enables stimulus-response learning, thereby increasing the likelihood of implementing the intended actions. Consequently, we pre-registered and found (N = 392, age range 18–94) a positive relationship between the self-reported habitual inclusion of situational cues in thought about intended actions and everyday self-regulation success (assessed by self-reported self-efficacy and self-control beliefs). In addition, we provide exploratory evidence that the inclusion of situational cues in thought about intended actions mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and self-regulation success. We discuss the results and the theoretical perspective in relation to how self-control outcomes can be explained by associative learning.
Performance anxiety in young contemporary musicians
Authors: Ryan Charlene
Published: February 2022

Most research on music performance anxiety has focused on classical musicians and those being trained in the classical genre. Few studies have considered the performance experiences of contemporary musicians. The purpose of the present study was to extend the literature base by focusing the lens squarely on young contemporary musicians. Students (n=202) at a large, contemporary music college completed a questionnaire pertaining to their performance experiences, anxiety, training and coping strategies, as well as the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory-revised (2009). Results indicate that performance anxiety is a common experience among young, contemporary musicians. Females reported greater anxiety than males and solo performances elicited more anxiety than group. Coping strategies tended to be holistic in nature. Comparison with a previously examined group of classical musicians indicates similarities in factor structure, with some key differences that may distinguish between performance genres.
VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE AND ZEOLITE APPLICATION ON SIMULATED TRANSPORT OF CULTURED JUVENILE SEA CUCUMBER (Holothuria scabra)
Authors: Murni Ida Ayu Amarilia Dewi , Firdaus Muhammad , Indriana Lisa Fajar , Rizqi Marenda Pandu
Published: February 2022

Sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) aquaculture practice required different sites for the juvenile and grow-out phase. While broodstock conditioning, spawning, and nursery phase were mostly conducted in an indoor hatchery, the juvenile needs to be reared outdoor in saltwater pond, sea pens, or ex-situ grow-out sites. However, information on optimal transport condition with regards to post-transport survival from the hatchery to the grow-out sites is limited. These gaps of knowledge required immediate research since the demand for sustainable sea cucumber culture is constantly increasing, whether for commercial or conservation (restocking) purposes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of transportation methods of juvenile sandfish by combining temperature and zeolite treatment. The variation of temperature (low and ambient) combined with the use of zeolite treatment on simulated transport condition of sea cucumber juvenile were evaluated in this study. This experiment used 3 (three) replicate groups consisting of 10 (ten) individual hatchery-produced sea cucumber juvenile (less than 0.1 g weight) held in 4 (four) different treatments of temperature and zeolite addition to medium water for 12 hours duration of simulated transport. The monitoring result of water quality (pH and ammonia) and the survival rate of sea cucumber juvenile observed within 7 (seven) days post-transport suggests that pH and survival rate were affected by the temperature regime and zeolite addition. The addition of zeolite and the increase of temperature tend to decrease pH values. However, the excessive decrease of temperature should be avoided during the transportation process as it tends to reduce the survival rate of sea cucumber juvenile.
Pemajuan Budaya Kuliner Tradisional Indonesia: Hibriditas dalam Koding
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Humaedi Muhammad Alie , Wijaya Gustaf ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Purwaningsih Sri Sunarti ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Anuraga Jalu Lintang Yogiswara ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Fathi Rusydan ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Harvianto Farham ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences
Published: February 2022

Buku ini beserta segala keluaran penelitiannya adalah sumbangan terbesar bagi ilmu pengetahuan, dan bermanfaat praktis bagi pemajuan kebudayaan tradisional Indonesia di bidang kuliner. Pendekatan etnografi post-kritis telah dilaksanakan semaksimal mungkin dalam mengungkap sejarah, makna, filosofi, dan kearifan lokal berbagai praktik pengelolaan kuliner dari bahan baku hingga menjadi hidangan siap dinikmati. Prosesnya tidak sekadar menghadirkan makanan yang mengenyangkan, tetapi juga ada makna kebutuhan eksistensi diri dan sekaligus ikhtiar menjaga tubuh dari sakit dan penyakit. Tidak hanya etnografi post-kritis, para penulis ‘setajam silet’ mengungkap data besar (big data) yang terhimpun dalam sistem informasi ensiklopedi kuliner dengan menghadirkan beragam model preferensi yang bermanfaat secara ekonomis. Konsepsi ‘taksonomi kuliner tradisional’ yang tercipta dari hibriditas dalam koding adalah buah analisis dari pemayaan praktik kuliner masyarakat Indonesia. Membaca buku ini, di satu sisi seolah kita sedang dibawa secara langsung untuk menikmati kelezatan cita rasa kuliner tradisional. Di sisi lain, alam pikiran kita sedang disemarakkan oleh berbagai keingintahuan dan kritisisme yang dihadirkan dari pemayaan realitas kuliner tradisionalnya. Buku ini menantang pembaca untuk terus-menerus memikirkan kekayaan dan keragaman khazanah kebudayaan Indonesia di bidang kuliner.
A településfejlesztési koncepció készítésének módszerei az EU-ban és Magyarországon
Authors: Futó Péter , Szeszler Zsuzsa
Published: February 2022

A fejlesztési terv, stratégia vagy koncepció elkészítése és megvalósítása az alábbi részfeladatokra bontható: – a tervező csoport megszervezése; – időbeli terv elkészítése; – az érdekeltek és intézményi szereplők figyelmének felkeltése; – az érdekeltek folyamatos részvételének biztosítása; – a projekt strukturálása: a felelős intézmények/személyek kijelölése, a jogkörök, az intézményi struktúrák, a finanszírozás tisztázása. Mivel a döntéseket a képviselőtestület hozza, a képviselőket fel kell készíteni a fejlesztésre. Egyes településeken és egyszerűbb projektek esetén elegendő a figyelmet felhívni és a koncepcióval kapcsolatos érzékenységet kialakítani (ún. szenzibilizálás). Más településeken és bonyolultabb projektek esetén szakirodalmat kell eljuttatni a képviselőkhöz, vagy képzési programot kell indítani a testület tagjai számára. Mivel a hosszú távú tervezésnek számos alternatívát kell figyelembe venni, ezért az előkészítő folyamat során sok közösségben bevált az „ötletbörze” (brainstorming) nevű döntéselőkészítő technika. Ez egy olyan csoportfoglalkozás, melynek során a szakértők és a helyi érdekeltek egy vezető tanácsadó vagy tréner segítségével a hétköznapi gondolkodáshoz, elemzéshez képest sokkal szabadabban, de a realitásoktól mégsem teljesen elszakadva képzelik el a település jövőjét.
Geografia da luta de classe no campo brasileiro
Authors: Sousa Eliezer Henrique da Silva , Viana Rodrigues Vanderson , Terra Ademir
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem por proposta analisar as lutas de classes presentes no cenário rural brasileiro, bem como seus distintos interesses que se desdobram em conflitos e confrontos socioterritoriais e socioespaciais, explicitando as contradições entre a classe trabalhadora, que denominamos camponeses, e a classes “dominante”, composta pela burguesia rural, que empregam o agronegócio como mecanismo de dominação. Desta forma, pretendemos compreender como as classes socias do campo, coexistem dentro do sistema capitalista, suas relações e dualidades, onde as desigualdades, sejam elas em razão do acesso aos recursos financeiros ou da composição de representatividade política que se evidencia cotidianamente no país, visto que os representantes do agronegócio utiliza-se do Estado como forma de manutenção da hegemonia no campo, uma vez que para apropriar dos territórios que estão de posse dos campesinos, necessitam do aparato institucional para legitimar aquilo a classe dominante considera direito genuíno enquanto que o seu par dialético, o campesinato  reputa com violência e injustiça.
Avaliação de um agroecossistema em transição agroecológica por meio de indicadores de mensuração
Authors: Gonçalves Larisse Medeiros , Godoy Cristiane Maria Tonetto , Vargas Thiago de Oliveira
Published: February 2022

O trabalho objetiva analisar a transição agroecológica de uma unidade produtiva da agricultura familiar por meio de uma proposta de indicadores avaliativos. A pesquisa se trata de um estudo de caso, realizado em um agroecossistema na zona rural de Pato Branco – PR que iniciou a transição agroecológica em janeiro de 2018. A avaliação foi efetivada por meio da metodologia intitulada Indicadores de Mensuração de Transição Agroecológica (IMTA), criada a partir de um anseio de entender como saber em que nível se encontra a conversão de um agroecossistema em transformação. Essa proposta também foi criada para facilitar o diagnóstico das limitações e possibilidades das estratégias de consolidação do processo. O resultado do cálculo aponta qual a situação atual do sistema em que se aplica. O agroecossistema estudado apresentou um IMTA correspondente a 48,88%, considerado com nível de dependência externa alto, necessitando de aprimoramentos para a estabilidade. A avaliação demonstrou que a disponibilidade e acesso a recursos essenciais, assim como o Redesenho do sistema foram os aspectos mais vulneráveis. A família não atingiu o seu objetivo inicial que era realizar a transição agroecológica, construindo através das mudanças de manejo e itinerários técnicos, um agroecossistema mais equilibrado e menos dependente aos insumos externos. A proposta metodológica se demonstrou competente e eficaz para quantificar o nível da transição, bem como apontar os pontos frágeis que precisam ser fortalecidos.
Iconoclastia, justicia indígena, historia y memoria. Actos de fabulación y soberanía
Authors: Rojas-Sotelo Miguel
Published: February 2022

“Reescribiendo la historia de nuestro país, no más símbolos de la colonización y apología a la violencia” fueron algunas de las razones dadas por los indígenas Mizak por sus acciones iconoclastas contra monumentos que representan una nación blanqueada y acrítica al legado colonial. Este artículo recuenta algunos casos y pone en contexto los debates sobre la batalla simbólica por la repre-sentación, la memoria, la historia y la justicia que llevan a cabo los pueblos originarios en el espacio público en Colombia. El fenómeno no es exclusivo del país, pero su materialización responde a formas locales de gobernanza y reconstitución cultural. Este debate se centra en los procesos de cons-trucción de nación y sus repercusiones racistas en el pasado y el presente como resultado de la adopción de modelos clasicistas en su educación artística y modelo cultural.
Biopic musical: Espejos de la identidad artística
Authors: Arango Carlos
Published: February 2022

En el presente artículo se reflexiona acerca de la identidad artística como un terreno en pugna entre la búsqueda personal y la negociación de la obra ante la industria. Parte de la revisión de las estructu-ras narrativas de películas que se acogen a la cate-goría de biopics musicales. Dicho examen lleva a entender la identidad desde la forma como el arquetipo heroico lo hace motor de la movilización entre la biografía personal (en el mundo normal) y artística (en la industria cultural). El análisis se centra en cómo la carrera musical funge en tanto lugar de individuación y expresión subjetiva, donde la industria musical sirve como ámbito de negocia-ción y tránsito social. Y desde allí indaga sobre la figuración mediática de los artistas en la sociedad contemporánea como plataforma de identidad artística.
Una lectura sociocrítica de El incendio de abril, de Miguel Torres y La sombra de Orión, de Pablo Montoya Campuzano
Authors: Cabra Hernández Jhon Erick
Published: February 2022

La siguiente reflexión se propone realizar una lectura desde la sociocrítica, con el fin de obser-var cómo la realidad referencial se transforma de manera semiótica a partir de ciertas estructuras formales en la escritura del texto de ficción. Para lograr este objetivo se toma la noción ideosema como el articulador que determina la presencia de lo no-discursivo (prácticas sociales) y la rela-ción de los discursos establecidos, reproducidos y replicados en lo discursivo (el texto de ficción). En ese sentido, propongo que el testimonio, como práctica y representación, es un ideosema estructurante en la configuración narrativa de El incendio de abril, de Miguel Torres y La sombra de Orión, de Pablo Montoya Campuzano. De esta manera, el documento se organiza de la siguiente manera: 1. Definición de los aspectos conceptuales que fueron tomados de la sociocrítica crosiana. 2. Explicación de algunos de los aspectos que definen a la novela-testimonio y la novela intrahis-tórica y que, para los fines de este texto, sirven como ideosemas estructurantes en la construc-ción narrativa de las dos novelas seleccionadas. 3. Aplicación de los aspectos conceptuales al corpus seleccionado.