bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the DC current based on magnetic fluids with an orthogonal magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jian-Ying , Che Chuan-Qiang , Wang Qiong , Xu Da-Peng , Yuan Shuai
Published: November 2020

Measurement of DC current is critically important in a wide range of applications, such as in photovoltaic power generation and DC power transmission. In this paper, the DC current measuring method based on magnetic fluids with orthogonal magnetic fields is studied. Firstly, the induced voltage of measurement coil, which contains a series of harmonics and the amplitude of its fundamental component is 2.5 times larger than that of other components, is derived and analyzed. Then, influence factors of the induced voltage are systematically studied. As a result, with a DC component injection into the exciting current, the frequency of the induced voltage becomes a half of that without a DC component, and when the DC component reaches to or exceeds the amplitude of the AC component, the induced voltage nearly has no distortion. Finally, the input-output characteristic of the measurement method is examined, and the accuracy, measuring range, and sensitivity are discussed, indicating that the linearity of the foundamental component root mean square (RMS) value curve is better than the one of the voltage amplitude curve under the same DC current range, and the sensitivities of induced voltage amplitude and the fundamental component RMS value are 5.948 and 3.717 mΩ, respectively.
Disciplinary Power and Impression Management in the Trials of the Stansted 15
Authors: Hayes Graeme , Cammiss Steven , Doherty Brian
Published: November 2020

We bring Foucauldian and Goffmanian frameworks into dialogue to show how repressive and disciplinary power operate in the criminal trials of social movement activists. We do so through an ethnographic account of the trials on terrorism-related charges of a group of anti-deportation direct action protesters known as the Stansted 15, complemented by interviews with defendants. We argue that the prosecution of these activists on terrorism-related charges creates conditions of constraint which effectively serve to collapse the space for political and normative challenge, and obliges them to develop impression management strategies internalising and reproducing the court’s expressive regime. We see these trials therefore as a normalising procedure whose goal is not the repressive application of custodial sentences, but rather a disciplinary disarming of radical critique so that leniency can be applied. At stake here, therefore, is the production through trial of the ideal disciplined liberal political subject.
From “Problems” to “Vulnerable Resources:” Reconceptualizing Black Boys With and Without Disability Labels in U.S. Urban Schools
Authors: Proffitt William A.
Published: November 2020

In this article, I propose a critical, alternative framing of Black boys, asserting that Black boys are vulnerable resources rather than problems. Black boys are susceptible to racist and ableist practices and discourses, and they deserve special protection and services in school that do not position them as “in need of repair.” Despite the multiple oppressions they face, Black boys are assets to themselves and their communities. I contrast this alternative framing against an existing framing of schooling for Black boys: the dominant, functionalist approach that advances a deficiency narrative. I situate this discussion within the context of urban education.
To Be ‘An Out-of-the-Synagoguer’
Authors: Doole J. Andrew
Published: November 2020

Since J. Louis Martyn proposed that John reflected a two-level drama, there has been much criticism of his (anachronistic?) use of the Birkat Ha-Minim to explain the expulsion of Christians from the synagogue. Adele Reinhartz maintains that this is really a case of anti-synagogue propaganda on the part of the evangelist. Yet, in all the exegetical discussion, one aspect which is rarely examined is the nominal form of ἀποσυνάγωγος (Jn 9.22; 12.42; 16.2a), a strange term which Bible translations have to turn into a verb. This label appears to come from a Greek-speaking Jewish milieu, and its negativity is re-appropriated by the author of this Christian text. Social identity research provides an insight into how a positive approach to stigmatizing labels can allow a community to thrive. This can be applied to ἀποσυνάγωγος in John, an insult which actually demonstrates the validity of one’s faith and identity. It is good to be a reject.
Robust stability analysis of uncertain incommensurate fractional order quasi-polynomials in the presence of interval fractional orders and interval coefficients
Authors: Ghorbani Majid , Tavakoli-Kakhki Mahsan
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the robust stability analysis of a class of incommensurate fractional order quasi-polynomials with a general type of interval uncertainties. The concept of the general type of interval uncertainties means that all the coefficients and orders of the fractional order quasi-polynomials have interval uncertainties. Generally, the computational complexity of specifying the robust stability of such a quasi-polynomial is shown in this paper. To this end, the robust stability is studied by Principle of Argument theorem. In fact, by presenting two theorems and three lemmas it is shown that the robust stability of a fractional order quasi-polynomial involving the general type of uncertainty can be simply investigated without needing to plot its value set by heavy computations. Examples are attested the validity of the paper results.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy for destroyed lung
Authors: Waguaf Sara , Boubia Souheil , Idelhaj Najat , Fatene Abdellah , Ridai Mohamed
Published: November 2020

Aim

Destroyed lung refers to destruction of a large portion of a lung induced by chronic or recurrent lung infections. The aim of this single-center retrospective review was to evaluate patients with a diagnosis of destroyed lung undergoing pneumonectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, in terms of surgical technique, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and long-term outcomes.

Methods

Data of 15 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy for destroyed lung during a 4-year period were analyzed retrospectively. There were 9 (60%) males and 6 (40%) females with a median age of 33.87 years (range 8–52 years). Bronchiectasis ( n = 7), tuberculosis ( n = 5), and fungal infection ( n = 3) were the main etiologies. Hemoptysis was the most common presenting symptom ( n = 8, 53.3%). Destroyed lung was detected on the left side in 13 (86.7%) patients and on the right side in 2 (13.3%). Seven patients showed narrowing or thickening of the main bronchus.

Results

Video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy was attempted in all patients but 5 (33.3%) were converted to a thoracotomy. The mean operative time was 273.8 min. The postoperative morbidity rate was 13.3%. The mortality rate was 6.67%. The median length of hospital stay was 3.5 days. The mean follow-up period was 23.7 months. Significant improvement was observed in inflammatory symptoms and quality of life in all patients. The overall 1-year survival was 93.3%.

Conclusion

Video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy for destroyed lung is a safe and feasible option in selected patients, which can be used as an alternative to thoracotomy.
Principles and requirements for stroke recovery science
Authors: Sommer Clemens J , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger
Published: November 2020

The disappointing results in bench-to-bedside translation of neuroprotective strategies caused a certain shift in stroke research towards enhancing the endogenous recovery potential of the brain. One reason for this focus on recovery is the much wider time window for therapeutic interventions which is open for at least several months. Since recently two large clinical studies using d-amphetamine or fluoxetine, respectively, to enhance post-stroke neurological outcome failed again it is a good time for a critical reflection on principles and requirements for stroke recovery science. In principal, stroke recovery science deals with all events from the molecular up to the functional and behavioral level occurring after brain ischemia eventually ending up with any measurable improvement of various clinical parameters. A detailed knowledge of the spontaneously occurring post-ischemic regeneration processes is the indispensable prerequisite for any therapeutic approaches aiming to modify these responses to enhance post-stroke recovery. This review will briefly illuminate the molecular mechanisms of post-ischemic regeneration and the principle possibilities to foster post-stroke recovery. In this context, recent translational approaches are analyzed. Finally, the principal and specific requirements and pitfalls in stroke recovery research as well as potential explanations for translational failures will be discussed.
Exploring the Cost Effectiveness of Shared Decision Making for Choosing between Disease-Modifying Drugs for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in the Netherlands: A State Transition Model
Authors: Kremer Ingrid E. H. , Hiligsmann Mickael , Carlson Josh , Zimmermann Marita , Jongen Peter J. , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Petersohn Svenja , Pouwels Xavier G. L. V. , Bansback Nick
Published: November 2020

Background

Up to 31% of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) discontinue treatment with disease-modifying drug (DMD) within the first year, and of the patients who do continue, about 40% are nonadherent. Shared decision making may decrease nonadherence and discontinuation rates, but evidence in the context of RRMS is limited. Shared decision making may, however, come at additional costs. This study aimed to explore the potential cost-effectiveness of shared decision making for RRMS in comparison with usual care, from a (limited) societal perspective over a lifetime.

Methods

An exploratory economic evaluation was conducted by adapting a previously developed state transition model that evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a range of DMDs for RRMS in comparison with the best supportive care. Three potential effects of shared decision making were explored: 1) a change in the initial DMD chosen, 2) a decrease in the patient’s discontinuation in using the DMD, and 3) an increase in adherence to the DMD. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses of a scenario that combined the 3 effects were conducted.

Results

Each effect separately and the 3 effects combined resulted in higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs due to the increased utilization of DMD. A decrease in discontinuation of DMDs influenced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) most. The combined scenario resulted in an ICER of €17,875 per QALY gained. The ICER was sensitive to changes in several parameters.

Conclusion

This study suggests that shared decision making for DMDs could potentially be cost-effective, especially if shared decision making would help to decrease treatment discontinuation. Our results, however, may depend on the assumed effects on treatment choice, persistence, and adherence, which are actually largely unknown.
Importance Hierarchy of Surrogate Medical Decision Making Determinants: A Q-Methodology Study in Middle Eastern and East Asian Men
Authors: Hammami Muhammad M. , Abuhdeeb Kafa , Balkhi Areej Al
Published: November 2020

Background

Factors other than patient’s preference may influence surrogate medical decision making in a culture- and viewpoint-dependent way. We explored the importance hierarchy of potential surrogate medical decision making determinants to Middle-Eastern (ME) and East-Asian (EA) men according to their norm-perception (N-viewpoint), preference as patients (P-viewpoint), and preference as surrogate decision-makers (S-viewpoint).

Methods

Each respondent (120 ME, 120 EA) sorted 28 items reflecting potential determinants into a fixed distribution of importance hierarchy according to the three viewpoints. Latent decision making models were explored by by-person factor analysis (Q-methodology).

Results

Six models were identified for each ME and EA viewpoint (total 36). Patient’s health-related, patient’s preference-related, and society’s interests-related determinants were strongly embraced in 34, 3, and zero models and strongly discounted in 2, 5, and 21 models, respectively. Patient’s religious/spiritual belief was strongly embraced in 6 EA models compared to 2 ME models and strongly discounted in 2 EA models compared to 5 ME models. Further, family-centric and surrogate’s interest-related determinants were strongly embraced in 8 EA models compared to 1 ME model. They were also strongly embraced in 5 P-viewpoint compared to 2 S-viewpoint models and strongly discounted in 4 P-viewpoint compared to 11 S-viewpoint models. Despite the overall predominance of patient’s health-related determinants and culture- and viewpoint-dependent differences, Q-methodology analysis identified relatively patient’s preference-influenced, religious/spiritual beliefs–influenced, emotion-influenced, and familism-influenced models and showed notable overlap in models.

Conclusions

Patient’s health was more important than other potential medical surrogate decision making determinants, including patient’s preference, for both ME and EA men and in all viewpoints. The relative importance of some determinants was culture- and viewpoint- dependent and allowed description of different albeit overlapping models.
Pediatric PROMIS Computer Adaptive Tests Are Highly Correlated With Adult PROMIS Computer Adaptive Tests in Pediatric Sports Medicine Patients
Authors: Bernstein David N. , Franovic Sreten , Smith D. Grace , Hessburg Luke , Yedulla Nikhil , Moutzouros Vasilios , Makhni Eric C.
Published: November 2020

Background:

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a powerful set of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that are gaining popularity throughout orthopaedic surgery. The use of both adult and pediatric PROMIS questionnaires in orthopaedic sports medicine limits the value of the PROMIS in routine sports medicine clinical care, research, and quality improvement. Because orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons see patients across a wide age range, simplifying the collection of PROMIS computer adaptive tests (CATs) to a single set of questionnaires, regardless of age, is of notable value.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to determine the strength of the correlation between the pediatric and adult PROMIS questionnaires. We hypothesized that there would be a high correlation between the adult and pediatric versions for each PROMIS domain, thereby justifying the use of only the adult version for most sports medicine providers, regardless of patient age.

Study Design:

Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Between December 2018 and December 2019, all pediatric sports medicine patients presenting to a single, academic, orthopaedic sports medicine clinic were asked to participate in the present study with their parents’ consent. Patients were asked to complete a set of adult PROMIS domains (Physical Function and/or Upper Extremity, Pain Interference, and Depression) as well as a set of pediatric PROMIS domains (Mobility and/or Upper Extremity, Pain Interference, and Depressive Symptoms). Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients ( r). Ceiling and floor effects were determined.

Results:

A total of 188 patients met our inclusion criteria. The correlation between the adult and pediatric PROMIS Upper Extremity, Physical Function and Mobility, Pain Interference, and Depression and Depressive Symptoms forms were high-moderate ( r = 0.68; P < .01), high-moderate ( r = 0.69; P < .01), high ( r = 0.78; P < .01), and high ( r = 0.85; P < .01), respectively. Both adult and pediatric depression-related PROMIS domains demonstrated notable floor effects (adult: 38%; pediatric: 24%). The pediatric PROMIS Upper Extremity domain demonstrated a ceiling effect (20%).

Conclusion:

Adult PROMIS CATs may be used in an orthopaedic sports medicine clinic for both adult and pediatric patients. Our findings will help decrease the amount of resources needed for the implementation and use of PROMs for patient care, research, and quality improvement in orthopaedic sports medicine clinics.
Maternal Mental Health after a Wildfire: Effects of Social Support in the Fort McMurray Wood Buffalo Study
Authors: Verstraeten Barbara S. E. , Elgbeili Guillaume , Hyde Ashley , King Suzanne , Olson David M.
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Following disasters, perinatal women are vulnerable to developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms. Little is known about protective factors. We hypothesized that peritraumatic stress would predict PTSD-like symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women and would be moderated by social support and resilience.

Method:

Women ( n = 200) who experienced the 2016 Fort McMurray Wood Buffalo wildfire during or shortly before pregnancy completed the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for current PTSD-like symptoms. They also completed scales of social support (Social Support Questionnaire-Short Form) and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale).

Results:

Greater peritraumatic distress ( r = 0.56) and dissociative experiences ( r = 0.56) correlated with more severe PTSD-like symptoms. Greater social support satisfaction was associated with less severe post-traumatic stress symptoms but only when peritraumatic distress was below average; at more severe levels of PDI, this psychosocial variable was not protective.

Conclusions:

Maternal PTSD-like symptoms after a wildfire depend on peritraumatic distress and dissociation. Higher social support satisfaction buffers the association with peritraumatic distress, although not when peritraumatic reactions are severe. Early psychosocial interventions may protect perinatal women from PTSD-like symptoms after a wildfire.
The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Recommendations for the Use of Racemic Ketamine in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Recommandations Du Groupe De Travail Du Réseau Canadien Pour Les Traitements De L’humeur Et De L’anxiété (Canmat) Concernant L’utilisation De La Kétamine Racémique Chez Les Adultes Souffrant De Trouble Dépressif Majeur
Authors: Swainson Jennifer , McGirr Alexander , Blier Pierre , Brietzke Elisa , Richard-Devantoy Stéphane , Ravindran Nisha , Blier Jean , Beaulieu Serge , Frey Benicio N. , Kennedy Sidney H. , McIntyre Roger S. , Milev Roumen V. , Parikh Sagar V. , Schaffer Ayal , Taylor Valerie H. , Tourjman Valérie , van Ameringen Michael , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Ravindran Arun V. , Lam Raymond W.
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Patients with major depressive disorder often have limited response to first-line and second-line medications; hence, novel pharmacological treatments are needed for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects in patients with TRD. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) convened a task force to review the evidence for efficacy and safety of racemic ketamine and to provide recommendations for its use in clinical practice.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted with computerized search of electronic databases up to January 31, 2020 using combinations of search terms, inspection of bibliographies, and review of other ketamine guidelines and consensus statements. The level of evidence and lines of treatment were assigned according to CANMAT criteria. Recommendations were given in question–answer format.

Results:

Intravenous (IV) racemic ketamine given as a single infusion has Level 1 evidence for efficacy in adults with TRD. The evidence for multiple infusions, given as an acute series or as ongoing maintenance treatment, is limited to Level 3. Adverse events associated with ketamine infusions include behavioral (e.g., dissociative symptoms) and physiological (e.g., hypertension) events. There is only Level 3 or 4 evidence for non-IV formulations of racemic ketamine. Consensus recommendations are given for clinical administration of IV ketamine including patient selection, facility and personnel issues, monitoring, and maintaining response.

Conclusions:

Single-dose IV racemic ketamine is a third-line recommendation for adults with TRD. The need for repeated and maintenance ketamine infusions should be carefully assessed on a case-by-case basis with consideration of potential risks and benefits. Because of limited evidence for efficacy and risk for misuse and diversion, the use of oral and other formulations of racemic ketamine should be limited to specialists with ketamine-prescribing expertise and affiliations with tertiary or specialized centers.
Employee Sleep Enhancement and Fatigue Reduction Programs: Analysis of the 2017 CDC Workplace Health in America Poll
Authors: Robbins Rebecca , Weaver Matthew D. , Quan Stuart F. , Rosenberg Elliot , Barger Laura K. , Czeisler Charles A. , Grandner Michael A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Poor sleep health, including sleep deficiency and sleep disturbance, is common among employed adults in the U.S. and is associated with undesirable workplace outcomes. Adoption of workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) is increasing, yet few programs aim to reduce fatigue or improve sleep among employees.

Objective:

We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2017 Centers for Disease Control Workplace Health in America poll to identify the prevalence of sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction WHPPs and the characteristics of employers that offer these programs.

Method:

A stratified random sample of nationally-representative worksites with ≥10 employees was generated. It comprised 2,843 worksites. Worksite representatives reported workplace characteristics, health promotion activities, and the likelihood of offering WHPPs relating to sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify characteristics associated with offering a sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction WHPP, controlling for WHPP budget and size of the company, and contingent on worksites having a comprehensive workplace health plan.

Results:

Less than 1 in 10 worksites (10%) reported offering a sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction WHPP. Worksites most likely to offer a sleep-focused WHPP were those in retail, wholesale, or technology industries (OR = 2.71, 95%CI: 1.08-6.8) vs. those in the finance, information, technology industries; those with a large WHPP budget (>$500,000, OR = 6.85, 95%CI: 2.1-22.35) vs. those with no budget; and those that had visible support of WHPP initiatives from senior leadership (OR = 4.74, 95%CI: 1.91-11.75) vs. those without such support.

Conclusions:

Our results highlight how few worksites reported offering sleep-focused programs for their employees. Those worksites that did feature such programs, were commonly well-resourced and had senior leadership support for WHPP initiatives in general. Future research should consider working directly with leaders to expand the implementation of employee sleep enhancement and fatigue reduction WHPPs.
Disentangling Antifeminist Paradoxes: Alternative Organizing in Antifeminist Online Spaces
Authors: Jarvis Caitlyn M. , Eddington Sean M.
Published: November 2020

In this study, we revisit alternative feminist organizing in order to identify the dialectical tensions, paradoxical discourses, and agentic qualities of women’s participation in an online antifeminist space. We engage in text mining, semantic network analysis, and the constant comparative method to identify dialogical tensions and the paradoxical organizing strategies of Red Pill Women, an online community on the social networking platform, Reddit. Through analyzing Red Pill Women as an antifeminist space constituted through postfeminist logics, we identify three paradoxical tensions, begin to disentangle postfeminism from antifeminism, and build on alternative organizing theory with recent work on hidden and invisible organizations to further theorize gendered (in)visibility and (anti)feminist organizing practices.
Morphology of the Cementoenamel Junction in Permanent Teeth of Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Hernández Sabás Z. , Negro Viviana B. , de Puch Georgina , Saccomanno Daniela M.
Published: November 2020

In human teeth, the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) can have different morphologies, known as Choquet cases or types: in type 1, the cementum overlaps the enamel; in type 2, the enamel overlaps the cementum; in type 3, the relationship between the cementum and enamel is edge-to-edge; and in type 4, there is a gap between the enamel and the cementum, with exposed dentin. Since little is known on the morphology of the CEJ in animals, the aim of this study was to characterize the structure of the CEJ of dog teeth by SEM. We studied 82 permanent teeth extracted from 4 dogs of similar size, aged from 7 months to 2 years. Teeth were grouped according to their size, sectioned and prepared for SEM. The teeth evaluated showed the 4 CEJ types. Type 3 was the most prevalent, being present, either alone or in combination, in 90.79% of the samples, followed by type 4 (present in 31.58% of the samples). Of the samples, 65.13% showed only one type, while 34.87% presented a combination of them. Types 3 and 4 were the only ones present alone (in 55.92% and 9.21% of the samples respectively), whereas the combinations between types 3 and 4 (20.40%) and types 1 and 3 (9.87%) were the most frequent. In all combinations, type 3 was predominant. The CEJ of the dogs evaluated showed a high degree of variability in the different types of teeth, within a same tooth, within the dentition of a single individual, and among individuals.
Facilitating co-production in public services: Empirical evidence from a co-design experience with family caregivers living in a remote and rural area
Authors: Gheduzzi Eleonora , Morelli Niccolò , Graffigna Guendalina , Masella Cristina
Published: November 2020

The involvement of vulnerable actors in co-production activities is a debated topic in the current public service literature. While vulnerable actors should have the same opportunities to be involved as other actors, they may not have the needed competences, skills and attitudes to contribute to this process.

This paper is part of a broader project on family caregivers’ engagement in remote and rural areas. In particular, it investigates how to facilitate co-production by looking at four co-design workshops with family caregivers, representatives of a local home care agency and researchers. The transcripts of the workshops were coded using NVivo, and the data were analysed based on the existing theory about co-production.

Two main findings were identified from the analysis. First, the adoption of co-production by vulnerable actors may occur in conjunction with other forms of engagement. Second, the interactions among facilitators and providers play a crucial role in encouraging the adoption of co-production. We identified at least two strategies that may help facilitators and providers achieve that goal. However, there is a need for an in-depth understanding of how facilitators and providers should interact to enhance implementation of co-production.
Post-Brexit regional economic development policy in the UK? Some enduring lessons from European Union Cohesion Policy
Authors: Giordano Benito
Published: November 2020

The UK has been a recipient of European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy funding since its inception, and it has played a key role ever since in local and regional economic development across the UK. However, in the run up to the Brexit referendum in 2016, discussions about the significance of EU Cohesion Policy funding to the UK’s cities and regions, which have benefitted from this support for decades, was not a major topic of discussion. Paradoxically, the demise of EU Cohesion Policy in the UK, post-Brexit, comes precisely at a time when spatial inequalities are rising. Moreover, real questions remain about the UK government’s commitment to tackling regional economic development in the coming years. Having said that, as this Commentary discusses, several decades of EU Cohesion Policy implementation in the UK do provide a number of significant policy lessons, which should inform the contours of future UK regional economic development policy.
A Cross-Sectional Survey Analyzing Community Perception and Utilization of Village Health Workers Stratified by the Urban-Rural Divide Within the Kingdom of Bhutan
Authors: Hauc Sacha C. , Tshering Dolley , Feliciano Josemari , Atayde Agata M. P. , Aboukhater Layla M. , Dorjee Kinley , Dukpa Tshering , Rinchen Pema , Yoezer Neema , Luc Casey M. , Adhikari Rup N. , Lhamo Kezang , Khoshnood Kaveh
Published: November 2020

Village health workers (VHWs) serve as an integral health resource for many resource limited nations, including the Kingdom of Bhutan. As such, we aimed to identify community perceptions as well as utilization rates and types with relation to VHWs based on the urban-rural divide. Our team conducted a randomized survey of 429 community members in 14 villages within the Western region of Bhutan. Our findings indicate VHWs in rural communities are requested for their services twice as much as their urban counterparts. More specifically, urban VHWs are utilized 2.5 times more for general community services, while rural VHWs are utilized more for accessing medications. Additionally, our research indicates a need to increase training of VHWs as well as overall program promotion relating to the specific services that VHWs can provide. These investigations indicate the importance of differentially allocating resources, programming, and training based on the urban-rural divide.
Sacrificed: Ontario Healthcare Workers in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Brophy James T. , Keith Margaret M. , Hurley Michael , McArthur Jane E.
Published: November 2020

Healthcare workers (HCWs) in Ontario, Canada have faced unprecedented risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. They have been infected at an elevated rate compared to the general public. HCWs have argued for better protections with minimal success. A worldwide shortage of N95s and comparable respirators appears to have influenced guidelines for protection, which stand at odds with increasing scientific evidence. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten frontline HCWs about their concerns. They reported that the risk of contracting COVID-19 and infecting family members has created intense anxiety. This, in conjunction with understaffing and an increased workload, has resulted in exhaustion and burnout. HCWs feel abandoned by their governments, which failed to prepare for an inevitable epidemic, despite recommendations. The knowledge that they are at increased risk of infection due to lack of protection has resulted in anger, frustration, fear, and a sense of violation that may have long-lasting implications.

Sacrifié: Le personnel de la santé ontarien à l'époque de la COVID-19

Résumé

En Ontario, au Canada, le personnel de la santé a eu à faire face à des risques sans précédent durant la pandémie de COVID-19. On y a constaté un taux d'infection plus élevé chez les travailleuses et travailleurs de la santé (TTS) qu'au sein de la population en général. Les TTS ont revendiqué des moyens de protection améliorés, sans grand succès. Une pénurie mondiale de masques respirateurs de type N95 ou similaires semble avoir joué sur les directives en matière de protection, qui ne cadrent pas avec une accumulation de preuves scientifiques. Lors d'entretiens en profondeur, dix TTS de première ligne ont été invités à donner leur avis sur la situation. à les entendre, le risque de contracter la COVID-19 et d'infecter les membres de leur famille leur cause beaucoup d'anxiété. Associée à un manque de personnel et à une charge de travail accrue, cette anxiété se traduit par un épuisement physique et professionnel. Les TTS se sentent abandonnés par leurs gouvernements, qui ont manqué de se préparer à l'inévitabilité d'une épidémie, malgré ce qui leur avait été recommandé. Leur réalisation d'être exposés à un plus grand risque d'infection par manque d'équipement de protection s'est muée en colère, frustration et peur, et en un sentiment de violation de leurs droits dont on peut craindre qu'il subsiste fort longtemps.
Are Pediatric Providers On-Board With Current Recommendations Related to Maternal Mental Health Screening at Well-Child Visits in the State of Georgia?
Authors: Barrow Kaitlyn , McGreal Analise , LiVecche Dillon , Van Cleve Susan , Sikes Chris , Buoli Massimiliano , Serati Marta , Bridges Christy C. , Ezeamama Amara , Barkin Jennifer L.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that pediatric providers screen mothers for postpartum depression at the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-month well-child visits. However, compliance with this recommendation varies greatly and is far from 100%. This is significant, as perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) represent the most common complication of childbearing.

AIMS:

This investigation was conducted to explore barriers to screening in the pediatric setting, reported advantages of screening, providers’ knowledge of mental health supports in the community, and commonly observed (and explicitly stated) mental health issues in new mothers. All data collection took place in the state of Georgia, which has the worst rates of maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States.

METHODS:

A convenience sample of five pediatric practices was selected through the Mercer University School of Medicine’s community preceptor network. All clinical staff at each site participated in one of five focus groups for a total of 31 participants. The conversations were audio-taped, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.

RESULTS:

Providers from two practices were formally screening for Postpartum Depression; they indicated that it added value to their practice. Those not screening cited several barriers including lack of time, training, and access to the mother’s medical records. Several clinicians asserted that they were not trained to address mental health issues in their pediatric patients’ mothers and that it was out of their realm of expertise.

CONCLUSIONS:

Provider compliance with the current AAP recommendations may increase with mandatory, specialized training in recognizing and treating PMADs.
Exploring the Effects of Interpreters’ Experiences of Mindfulness Interventions on Their Connection With Nature and Subsequent Environmental Interpretation
Authors: Dussler Rob , Deringer Stephen Anthony
Published: November 2020

This qualitative study used a constructivist grounded theory framework to examine the experiences of environmental interpreters engaged in mindfulness training and their descriptions of mindfulness, nature connection, and interpretive practice. Although there is a prevalent literature base exploring mindfulness and nature connection, a gap in the literature exists pertaining to mindfulness and environmental interpretation training and practice. Nine environmental interpreters participated in a 4-week mindfulness intervention program and engaged in in-depth conversations regarding their experience with mindfulness and interpretation. Constructivist grounded theory coding and analysis indicated that participants in the study experienced the construct of mindfulness in a variety of ways and perceived its impact on their interpretive practice in the following ways specifically: (a) it enhanced personal experiences of nature, and (b) it created more authentic interpretive experiences for their program attendees. This research suggests the value of incorporating mindfulness training in interpreter development programs and the practice of interpretation.
Biological variation of total thyroxine (T4), free T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone in 11 clinically healthy cats
Authors: Jordan Anne , Gray Rachael , Terkildsen Michael , Krockenberger Mark
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological variation of total thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in 11 clinically healthy cats aged between 3 and 15 years old, in Sydney, Australia.

Methods

Blood was collected weekly for up to 6 weeks and serum T4, fT4 and TSH concentrations were analysed using canine-specific reagents. Restricted maximum likelihood was used to estimate within-subject, between-subject and analytical variance components, which were recorded in terms of the related coefficients of variation. The index of individuality and reference change values were then calculated for each analyte.

Results

T4 and TSH had intermediate individuality, indicating both subject-based and population-based reference intervals (RIs) could be used, with the knowledge that population-based RIs are suboptimally sensitive. fT4 had high individuality, indicating subject-based RIs are more appropriate than population-based RIs.

Conclusions and relevance

This study has demonstrated that subject-based RIs could be more sensitive than population-based RIs for the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in cats.
Report of Particulate Matter Emissions During the 2015 Fire at Fuel Tanks in Santos, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Daniela Oliveira , Arôxa Bruna Hayashida , Klausner Virginia , Bastos Eduardo Jorge de Brito , Prestes Alan , Pacini Alessandra Abe
Published: November 2020

We report a study of the particulate matter emissions related to the 2015 fire outbreak at a fuel tank storage facility located at Santos, a coastal city in Brazil. The facility, managed by the company Ultracargo, had oil tanks (filled with gasoline and ethanol) destroyed by fire that lasted more than a week, between 2nd and 9th April. In this article, we present the atmospheric concentration analysis of particulate matter (PM10) measured over the entire month of April 2015 by the 2 closest stations that integrate the air quality monitoring system of the São Paulo State Environmental Company (CETESB). The results were compared with similar data from the same period of the yesteryear (April 2014). The results were also complemented by the air masses trajectories over the region (obtained with HYSPLIT/NOAA software). Our results do indicate a subtle increase in the particulate concentration during the days of the fire, followed by a fast dissipation over the subsequent weeks. The observed plume dispersion discussion is made considering the meteorological patterns of the region and other environmental and health reported impacts related to the accident.
Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition
Authors: Walton Clare , King Rachel , Rechtman Lindsay , Kaye Wendy , Leray Emmanuelle , Marrie Ruth Ann , Robertson Neil , La Rocca Nicholas , Uitdehaag Bernard , van der Mei Ingrid , Wallin Mitchell , Helme Anne , Angood Napier Ceri , Rijke Nick , Baneke Peer
Published: November 2020

Background:

High-quality epidemiologic data worldwide are needed to improve our understanding of disease risk, support health policy to meet the diverse needs of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and support advocacy efforts.

Objectives:

The Atlas of MS is an open-source global compendium of data regarding the epidemiology of MS and the availability of resources for people with MS reported at country, regional and global levels.

Methods:

Country representatives reported epidemiologic data and their sources via survey between September 2019 and March 2020, covering prevalence and incidence in males, females and children, and age and MS type at diagnosis. Regional analyses and comparisons with 2013 data were conducted.

Results:

A total of 2.8 million people are estimated to live with MS worldwide (35.9 per 100,000 population). MS prevalence has increased in every world region since 2013 but gaps in prevalence estimates persist. The pooled incidence rate across 75 reporting countries is 2.1 per 100,000 persons/year, and the mean age of diagnosis is 32 years. Females are twice as likely to live with MS as males.

Conclusions:

The global prevalence of MS has risen since 2013, but good surveillance data is not universal. Action is needed by multiple stakeholders to close knowledge gaps.
A new methodology for thermostructural topology optimization: Analytical definition and validation
Authors: Caivano R , Tridello A , Codegone M , Chiandussi G
Published: November 2020

In the last few years, the rapid diffusion of components produced through additive manufacturing processes has boosted the research on design methodologies based on topology optimization algorithms. Structural topology optimization is largely employed since it permits to minimize the component weight and maximize its stiffness and, accordingly, optimize its resistance under structural loads. On the other hand, thermal topology optimization has been less investigated, even if in many applications, such as turbine blades, engines, heat exchangers, thermal loads have a crucial impact. Currently, structural and thermal optimizations are mainly considered separately, despite the fact that they are both present and coupled in components in service condition. In the present paper, a novel methodology capable of defining the optimized structure under simultaneous thermomechanical constraints is proposed. The mathematical formulation behind the optimization algorithm is reported. The proposed methodology is finally validated on literature benchmarks and on a real component, confirming that it permits to define the topology, which presents the maximized thermal and mechanical performance.
Long non-coding RNA IGF2-AS represses breast cancer tumorigenesis by epigenetically regulating IGF2
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Yan Hanbing , Jiang Yan , Chen Tao , Ma Zhijin , Li Fei , Lin Min , Xu Yanzhi , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Jianming , He Hui
Published: November 2020

Long non-coding RNAs are a kind of endogenous ncRNAs with a length of more than 200 bp. Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs function as pivotal regulators in tumorigenesis and progression. However, their biological roles in breast cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we found that IGF2 antisense RNA (IGF2-AS) was significantly decreased in breast cancer tissues, cell lines, and plasma. Patients with low IGF2-AS were more likely to develop larger tumor size and later clinical stage. Overexpression of IGF2-AS evidently inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and T47D cells in vitro, as well as retarded tumor growth in vivo. Further investigation revealed that IGF2-AS inhibited the expression of its sense-cognate gene IGF2 in an epigenetic DNMT1-dependent manner, resulting in the inactivation of downstream oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Enforced expression of IGF2 could significantly block the tumor inhibitory effect of IGF2-AS. Importantly, we found that IGF2-AS could be used as an effective biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Taken together, our study indicates that IGF2-AS is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, restoration of IGF2-AS may be a promising treatment for this fatal disease.
Shortened derivatives from native antimicrobial peptide LyeTx I: In vitro and in vivo biological activity assessment
Authors: Fuscaldi Leonardo Lima , de Avelar Júnior Joaquim Teixeira , dos Santos Daniel Moreira , Boff Daiane , de Oliveira Vívian Louise Soares , Gomes Karla Aparecida Guimarães Gusmão , Cruz Rosana de Carvalho , de Oliveira Patrícia Luciana , Magalhães Paula Prazeres , Cisalpino Patricia Silva , Farias Luiz de Macêdo , de Souza-Fagundes Elaine Maria , Delp Johannes , Leist Marcel , Resende Jarbas Magalhães , Amaral Flávio Almeida , Pimenta Adriano Monteiro de Castro , Fernandes Simone Odília Antunes , Cardoso Valbert Nascimento , de Lima Maria Elena
Published: November 2020

In the continuing search for novel antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are promising molecules, due to different mechanisms of action compared to classic antibiotics and to their selectivity for interaction with microorganism cells rather than with mammalian cells. Previously, our research group has isolated the antimicrobial peptide LyeTx I from the venom of the spider Lycosa erythrognatha. Here, we proposed to synthesize three novel shortened derivatives from LyeTx I (LyeTx I mn; LyeTx I mnΔK; LyeTx I mnΔKAc) and to evaluate their toxicity and biological activity as potential antimicrobial agents. Peptides were synthetized by Fmoc strategy and circular dichroism analysis was performed, showing that the three novel shortened derivatives may present membranolytic activity, like the original LyeTx I, once they folded as an alpha helix in 2.2.2-trifluorethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate. In vitro assays revealed that the shortened derivative LyeTx I mnΔK presents the best score between antimicrobial (↓ MIC) and hemolytic (↑ EC50) activities among the synthetized shortened derivatives, and LUHMES cell-based NeuriTox test showed that it is less neurotoxic than the original LyeTx I (EC50 [LyeTx I mnΔK] ⋙ EC50 [LyeTx I]). In vivo data, obtained in a mouse model of septic arthritis induced by Staphylococcus aureus, showed that LyeTx I mnΔK is able to reduce infection, as demonstrated by bacterial recovery assay (∼10-fold reduction) and scintigraphic imaging (less technetium-99m labeled-Ceftizoxime uptake by infectious site). Infection reduction led to inflammatory process and pain decreases, as shown by immune cells recruitment reduction and threshold nociception increment, when compared to positive control group. Therefore, among the three shortened peptide derivatives, LyeTx I mnΔK is the best candidate as antimicrobial agent, due to its smaller amino acid sequence and toxicity, and its greater biological activity.
Leader Humor and Employee Upward Voice: The Role of Employee Relationship Quality and Traditionality
Authors: Tan Ling , Wang Yongli , Lu Hailing
Published: November 2020

Despite the continuous increase in empirical research on leader humor, the important issue of how and when leader humor affects employees’ interpersonal, proactive behaviors in the form of upward voice has largely been overlooked. Drawing on relational process model of humor and data from one multiwave, multisource field study and one experimental field study, we find that the positive effects of leader humor on upward voice behavior can be accounted for by both supervisor–subordinate nonwork ties (i.e., supervisor–subordinate guanxi) and supervisor–subordinate work ties (i.e., leader–member exchange). The indirect effects of both supervisor–subordinate guanxi and leader–member exchange on the relationship between leader humor and upward voice behavior are stronger when employees score low on traditionality. These results shed light on the role of leader humor in promoting the bottom–up flow of potentially critical information in organizations through high-quality relationships with followers and provide insights into who will benefit more from humor in leadership.
Leader Machiavellianism as an Antecedent to Ethical Leadership: The Impact on Follower Psychological Empowerment and Work Outcomes
Authors: Frazier M. Lance , Jacezko Michael C.
Published: November 2020

Though considerable research has been conducted on ethical leadership, we still know very little about the antecedents to ethical leadership perceptions. Drawing primarily from social learning theory, we propose a process model by which leader Machiavellianism affects ethical leadership, which is then hypothesized to influence psychological empowerment. In addition, we propose that team member role performance and organization-directed organizational citizenship behavior will be consequences of psychological empowerment. Drawing from a sample of 242 employees reporting to 82 leaders, our findings broadly demonstrate support for our hypotheses and advance our understanding of both antecedents and outcomes of ethical leadership. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings, along with the practical insights, limitations, and future research opportunities.