bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parvalbumin neurons enhance temporal coding and reduce cortical noise in complex auditory scenes
Authors: Nocon Jian Carlo , Gritton Howard J. , James Nicholas M. , Mount Rebecca A. , Qu Zhili , Han Xue , Sen Kamal
Published: July 2023

Cortical representations supporting many cognitive abilities emerge from underlying circuits comprised of several different cell types. However, cell type-specific contributions to rate and timing-based cortical coding are not well-understood. Here, we investigated the role of parvalbumin neurons in cortical complex scene analysis. Many complex scenes contain sensory stimuli which are highly dynamic in time and compete with stimuli at other spatial locations. Parvalbumin neurons play a fundamental role in balancing excitation and inhibition in cortex and sculpting cortical temporal dynamics; yet their specific role in encoding complex scenes via timing-based coding, and the robustness of temporal representations to spatial competition, has not been investigated. Here, we address these questions in auditory cortex of mice using a cocktail party-like paradigm, integrating electrophysiology, optogenetic manipulations, and a family of spike-distance metrics, to dissect parvalbumin neurons’ contributions towards rate and timing-based coding. We find that suppressing parvalbumin neurons degrades cortical discrimination of dynamic sounds in a cocktail party-like setting via changes in rapid temporal modulations in rate and spike timing, and over a wide range of time-scales. Our findings suggest that parvalbumin neurons play a critical role in enhancing cortical temporal coding and reducing cortical noise, thereby improving representations of dynamic stimuli in complex scenes.
Unusual crossover from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein-condensate superconductivity in iron chalcogenides
Authors: Mizukami Yuta , Haze Masahiro , Tanaka Ohei , Matsuura Kohei , Sano Daiki , Böker Jakob , Eremin Ilya , Kasahara Shigeru , Matsuda Yuji , Shibauchi Takasada
Published: July 2023

The BCS-BEC (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer–Bose-Einstein-condensate) crossover from strongly overlapping Cooper pairs to non-overlapping composite bosons in the strong coupling limit has been a long-standing issue of interacting many-body fermion systems. Recently, FeSe semimetal with hole and electron bands emerged as a high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductor located in the BCS-BEC crossover regime, owing to its very small Fermi energies. In FeSe, however, an ordinary BCS-like heat-capacity jump is observed at Tc, posing a fundamental question on the characteristics of the BCS-BEC crossover. Here we report on high-resolution heat capacity, magnetic torque, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements in FeSe1−xSx. Upon entering the tetragonal phase at x > 0.17, where nematic order is suppressed, Tc discontinuously decreases. In this phase, highly non-mean-field behaviours consistent with BEC-like pairing are found in the thermodynamic quantities with giant superconducting fluctuations extending far above Tc, implying the change of pairing nature. Moreover, the pseudogap formation, which is expected in BCS-BEC crossover of single-band superconductors, is not observed in the tunneling spectra. These results illuminate highly unusual features of the superconducting states in the crossover regime with multiband electronic structure and competing electronic instabilities.
Rapid detection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with boronic acid-decorated multivariate metal–organic frameworks and aptamers
Authors: Teng Mengjing , Hao Mengdi , Ding Chuanfan , Wang Li , Shen Hao , Yu Shaoning , Chen Liangqiang , Yang Fan
Published: July 2023

An exquisitely designed biosensor based on boronic acid-decorated multivariate metal–organic frameworks and aptamers has been constructed for the rapid and sensitive detection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Growth of Bi and Bi1−xSbx single crystals with specific properties
Authors: Kozhemyakin Gennadiy Nikolaevich
Published: July 2023

The growth of Bi and Bi1−xSbx single crystals with different orientations of the (111) plane, defined microstructure and specific properties by the Czochralski technique.
A highly stable δ-MnO2 cathode with superior electrochemical performance for rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Yadav Priya , Putro Dimas , Kumari Nisha , Kim Jaekook , Rai Alok Kumar
Published: July 2023

Schematic illustration of the Zn2+ insertion/de-insertion mechanism followed by δ-MnO2 cathode.
Design, characterization and applications of nanocolloidal hydrogels
Authors: Morozova Sofia M. , Gevorkian Albert , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: July 2023

This review covers the mechanisms of formation, properties, characterization, and a broad range applications of nanocolloidal gels that are an evolving class of soft matter materials in which nanoparticles act as a building block of a network.
In vitro cytotoxicity of Mn(i) and Ru(ii) carbonyls with a diphenyl pyridyl phosphine coligand towards leukaemia
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. , Khaled Rabaa M. , Radacki Krzysztof , Younes Zeina , Gamal Mariam , Guirguis Beatrice , Mostafa Gamal A. E. , Ali Essam A. , Shehab Ola R.
Published: July 2023

Human acute monocytic leukaemia cells were tested under both dark and light conditions for their susceptibility to Mn(i) and Ru(ii) carbonyl complexes with a diphenyl pyridyl phosphine coligand.
Spin crossover in mixed-anion Fe(NH2trz)3(BF4)(SiF6)0.5 crystalline rod-shaped particles: the strength of the solid–liquid post synthetic modification
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Enriquez-Cabrera Alejandro , Toha Dorian , Coppel Yannick , Salmon Lionel , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: July 2023

A solid–liquid post-synthetic modification is used to obtain novel mixed-anion Fe(NH2trz)3(BF4)(SiF6)0.5 crystalline rod-shaped particles exhibiting spin crossover at operating temperature.
Development of an amine transaminase-lipase cascade for chiral amide synthesis under flow conditions
Authors: Pintor Antía , Mattey Ashley P. , Lavandera Iván , Gotor-Fernández Vicente , Volkov Alexey
Published: July 2023

An amine transaminase and a lipase have been immobilised in separated reactors containing EziG polymer-coated controlled porosity glass carrier materials to transform 1-phenoxypropan-2-one into the corresponding (R)-acetamide in organic solvent.
Pt single atoms meet metal–organic frameworks to enhance electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity
Authors: Zhu Jingting , Cen Yingqian , Ma Haibin , Lian Weiguang , Liu Jidong , Ou Haohui , Ouyang Fangping , Zhang Lifu , Zhang Wenjing
Published: July 2023

Two excellent single-atom (SA)/metal–organic framework (MOF) composite electrocatalysts (PtSA-MIL100(Fe) and PtSA-MIL101(Cr)) for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been reported in this study.
Chemo-selective CuPcS catalyzed reduction and esterification of carboxylic acid analogs
Authors: Patel Siddharth S. , Patel Dhaval B. , Poddar Akhil K. , Patel Jitesh B. , Rana Dharmarajsinh N. , Patel Kirti P. , Patel Hitesh D.
Published: July 2023

Green and sustainable chemo-selective reduction & esterification method for carboxylic acids using the solid acid catalyst CuPcS, leading to enhanced safety, reduced reaction times, and increased efficiency in the process.
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials and their application in transistors
Authors: Liu Yiran , Liu Yunqi , Guo Yunlong
Published: July 2023

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are emerging materials for versatile electronics. This review focuses on the HOIP-based field-effect transistor (FET) and the potential applications of HOIPs in functional FETs.
Influence of high‐order electromagnetic force on vibration characteristics of induction motor
Authors: Liu Xiaopeng , Hong Jianfeng , Sun Bingxiang , Zhang Weige , Jiang Jiuchun
Published: July 2023

The exploration of electromagnetic vibration sources is very important for the vibroacoustic reduction of a squirrel‐cage induction motor. However, the influence of high‐order electromagnetic force on the electromagnetic vibration of induction motor has not been studied before. The influence of high‐order electromagnetic force on motor vibration is investigated in detail. Firstly, the Maxwell stress tensor method is applied to calculate the electromagnetic force. Next, the force transfer function is introduced to describe the phenomenon that the high‐order electromagnetic force induces the low‐mode motor vibration. Then, the high‐order forces in the air gap of the induction motor are analysed in detail and their effects on motor vibration are simulated. Finally, an experiment is conducted to verify the correctness of the analytical scheme.
A power quality‐based framework for optimal siting and sizing of wind turbines by search space reduction via power losses and flicker emission sensitivity indices
Authors: Ghaffari Abolfazl , Askarzadeh Alireza , Fadaeinedjad Roohollah
Published: July 2023

As a well‐established renewable energy resource, wind energy is being widely used in distribution networks. However, flicker emission produced by wind turbines (WTs) is one of the main disadvantages which may cause serious problems during the system operation. Power quality‐based optimal allocation (siting and sizing) of WTs is an appropriate way to mitigate the flicker emission. Since the planning issue is a high dimensional and complex optimization problem and optimization methods suffer from premature convergence, search space reduction may be an effective approach to optimally solve the allocation problem. Here, to determine the importance of the network buses, two indices, namely, power loss index (PLI) and flicker emission index (FEI) are introduced to determine the sensitivity of the network losses and flicker emission to allocate WT on each bus. Then, based on the proposed indices, a number of important buses are identified and the allocation problem is solved with respect to these buses. Over the case study, it can be drawn that optimal allocation of WTs considerably affects the flicker emission. Moreover, search space reduction is an efficient way to optimally solve the allocation problem.
Deep sequencing of circulating miRNAs and target mRNAs level in deep venous thrombosis patients
Authors: Wang Qingxian , Chang Yunhe , Yang Xuqing , Han Ziwang
Published: July 2023

Deep venous thrombosis is one of the most common peripheral vascular diseases that lead to major morbidity and mortality. The authors aimed to identify potential differentially expressed miRNAs and target mRNAs, which were helpful in understanding the potential molecule mechanism of deep venous thrombosis. The plasma samples of patients with deep venous thrombosis were obtained for the RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, followed by miRNA‐mRNA target analysis. Enrichment analysis was used to analyze the potential biological function of target mRNAs. GSE19151 and GSE173461 datasets were used for expression validation of mRNAs and miRNAs. 131 target mRNAs of 21 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Among which, 8 differentially expressed miRNAs including hsa‐miR‐150‐5p, hsa‐miR‐326, hsa‐miR‐144‐3p, hsa‐miR‐199a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐199b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐125a‐5p, hsa‐let‐7e‐5p and hsa‐miR‐381‐3p and their target mRNAs (PRKCA, SP1, TP53, SLC27A4, PDE1B, EPHB3, IRS1, HIF1A, MTUS1 and ZNF652) were found associated with deep venous thrombosis for the first time. Interestingly, PDE1B and IRS1 had a potential diagnostic value for patients. Additionally, 3 important signaling pathways including p53, PI3K‐Akt and MAPK were identified in the enrichment analysis of target mRNAs (TP53, PRKCA and IRS1). Identified circulating miRNAs and target mRNAs and related signaling pathways may be involved in the process of deep venous thrombosis.
Experimental investigation of flow-induced sound of kite lines
Authors: Saur Lukas , Riedel Jörg , Dunker Storm , Becker Stefan
Published: July 2023

In times of increasing importance of renewable energies, airborne wind energy (AWE) systems represent an emerging extension to conventional wind turbines. Many AWE systems use powerful kites to provide tether traction to mechanically unwind the tether, generating electricity on the ground. In addition to the traction tether, a large number of kite lines spanning the kite are moved through the air at high speed. This can produce a loud unpleasant whistling noise on the ground, which is due to a superposition of the aeolian tones of the many different lines. In the present work, differently structured kite lines were investigated in the aeroacoustic wind tunnel with respect to their sound radiation when they were exposed to a flow at up to 34 ms−1 resulting in Re ≦ 7300 and angles of attack (AOA) in the range of 90° ≧ AOA ≧ 45°. It was found that greater surface roughness increases sound radiation while line tension has negligible influence. By weaving a single-helix-shaped protrusion into the sheath of the kite line, the total radiated sound pressure level can be reduced by up to 9 dB. If the line itself has a helical contour, even a reduction of up to 11.5 dB is reachable. For decreasing AOA the noise suppression effect of helical surface protrusions and helical line shape is significantly reduced. The results provide initial guidelines on how to effectively reduce sound radiation from aircraft kites. Further investigations should consider the individual contributions of fluid and structural sounds to the total radiated sound of a flying kite.
Exploiter les signatures de la matière grâce à l’imagerie hyperspectrale computationnelle
Authors: Gentner Clémence , De Aguiar Hilton B.
Published: July 2023

Tandis qu’une image classique reproduit l’aspect visuel d’une scène, l’imagerie hyperspectrale peut en révéler d’autres facettes cachées. Il s’agit d’un moyen de sonder, sans contact, des objets physiquement inaccessibles dans une dimension supplémentaire. Néanmoins, cette augmentation de dimensionnalité s’accompagne d’obstacles : la lenteur et le volume des données générées par ces méthodes constituaient jusqu’alors une limitation cruciale pour les applications nécessitant un haut débit. Des avancées récentes ont cependant permis de réaliser des observations spatio-spectrales en temps réel, telles que des cartographies dynamiques de la composition chimique d’échantillons vivants.
Impact of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Breast Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Patel Seema M. , Junn Alexandra , Sasson Daniel , Dinis Jacob , Duan Kaiti , Islam Sara , Fucito Lisa , Bernstein Steven L. , Hsia Henry C.
Published: July 2023

Background Smoking cessation therapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), is used perioperatively to assist patients to reduce their tobacco smoke intake and consequently decrease their risk of smoking-associated complications. There are, however, theoretical concerns that nicotine-induced peripheral vasoconstriction could impair wound healing. This study investigated the effect of NRT on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing breast surgery.

Methods A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing breast surgery within the Yale New Haven Health System from the years 2014 to 2020 was performed. Documented smoking status within 6 months before surgery, use or prescription of NRT, type of surgery, and surgical complications of infection, wound dehiscence, tissue necrosis, hematoma, seroma, fat necrosis, and return to operating room within 30 days were recorded. Demographic and complication data were compared between patients with NRT usage and those without using t-tests and chi-square analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were created to predict the effect of NRT usage on the occurrence of any complication.

Results A total of 613 breast procedures met inclusion criteria, of which 105 (17.2%) had documented NRT use. The NRT cohort and the non-NRT cohort were well balanced with respect to demographics and procedural variables. Upon multivariable modeling for risk of any surgical complication, NRT was not a significant predictor (odds ratio [OR]: 1.199, p = 0.607 and OR: 0.974, p = 0.912, respectively), whereas procedure type, increased body mass index, and increased age were.

Conclusion NRT use was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications compared with not using NRT as part of smoking cessation therapy prior to operation.
Studying the narrative of US policy towards China: introducing China-related political texts in Congress
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Wang Fan
Published: July 2023

How the United States pursues its decoupling policies towards China is an essential topic in studying U.S.‒China relations. Although the U.S. policy orientation towards China can be examined from several perspectives, this study uses a text-mining approach by extracting the China-related legislation in the 115th–117th Congress to observe the activities of the U.S. Congress regarding the affairs of China. Our analysis shows that Congress has seen a surge in China-related legislation since the introduction of decoupling policies. At the same time, it has not improved its negative view of China and maintained a competitive attitude in the economic, scientific and technological, and military fields after party rotation. It is worth noting that Congress under the Biden administration has placed greater emphasis on ideological competition, requiring allies who share common values to work together to counter the ‘Chinese threat’ in various areas. In this article, it is found that congressional legislation, as important political texts, conceal value judgements and institutional orientations that guide and constrain diplomatic practice. Political texts, ideology, and power are intertwined and shape the current U.S. congressional diplomatic strategy towards China.
Using a forced aligner for prosody research
Authors: Wu Hongchen , Yun Jiwon , Li Xiang , Huang Huiyi , Liu Chuandong
Published: July 2023

Forced alignment is a speech technique that can automatically align audio files with transcripts. With the help of forced alignment tools, annotating audio files and creating annotated speech databases have become much more accessible and efficient. Researchers have recently started to evaluate the benefits and accuracy of forced aligners in speech research and have provided insightful suggestions for improvement. However, current work has so far paid little attention to evaluating forced aligners in prosody research, which focuses on suprasegmental features. In this paper, we take ambiguous sentence-level audio input in Mandarin Chinese, which can be disambiguated prosodically, to evaluate the alignment accuracy of the Montreal Forced Aligner (MFA). With a satisfactory result for syllable-by-syllable alignment, we further explore the possibility and benefits of using the forced alignment tool to generate phrase-by-phrase alignment. This topic has barely been studied in previous research on forced alignment. Our paper demonstrates that the forced alignment tool can effectively generate accurate alignment at both syllable and phrase levels for tonal languages, such as Mandarin. We found that the average differences between human annotators and MFA were smaller than the gold standard, indicating a satisfactory level of performance by the tool. Moreover, the MFA-assisted annotation rate by human transcribers was at least 20 times faster than previously reported manual annotation efficiency, providing significant time and resource savings for prosody researchers. Our results also suggest that phrase-level alignment accuracy of MFA can be affected by the quality of the recording, calling prosody researchers’ attention to controlling the audio quality in the recording. The finding that de-stressed words/phrases pose challenges for MFA also provides a reference for improving forced aligners.
Evolution of the Ni0.9Pt0.1/Si system under annealing via nano-crystalline textured phases
Authors: Guillemin S. , Gergaud P. , Bernier N. , Merlin M. , Delwail C. , Minoret S. , Famulok R. , Gregoire M. , Nemouchi F. , Rodriguez Ph.
Published: July 2023

The reaction of a Ni0.9Pt0.1 7 nm-thick thin film with the underlying Si(001) substrate as a function of the annealing temperature was studied using in situ XRD techniques as well as ex situ advanced XRD and TEM imaging on quenched samples. It was found that the Ni0.9Pt0.1/Si system initially evolves accordingly to diffusion controlled reactions via the development of nano-crystalline Ni-rich Ni1−x(Pt)Six phases that combine the ability of fast kinetic growth and texture inheritance. The system remains then stable over some tens of degrees before Ni(Pt)Si nucleation occurs, once the related energetic barrier is overcome. It was additionally found that this newly observed phase sequence remains valid up to Ni0.9Pt0.1 deposited layer thicknesses of about 16 nm, which is remarkable for such systems.
Post-fabrication frequency trimming of coplanar-waveguide resonators in circuit QED quantum processors
Authors: Vallés-Sanclemente S. , van der Meer S. L. M. , Finkel M. , Muthusubramanian N. , Beekman M. , Ali H. , Marques J. F. , Zachariadis C. , Veen H. M. , Stavenga T. , Haider N. , DiCarlo L.
Published: July 2023

We present the use of a set of airbridges to trim the frequency of microwave coplanar-waveguide (CPW) resonators post-fabrication. This method is compatible with the fabrication steps of conventional CPW airbridges and crossovers and increases device yield by allowing compensation of design and fabrication uncertainty with 100  MHz range and 10 MHz resolution. We showcase two applications in circuit QED. The first is the elimination of frequency collisions between resonators intended to readout different transmons by frequency-division multiplexing. The second is frequency matching of readout and Purcell-filter resonator pairs. Combining this matching with transmon frequency trimming by laser annealing reliably achieves fast and high-fidelity readout across 17-transmon quantum processors.
Low-volume-loss surface polishing with a krypton fluoride excimer laser for polycrystalline diamond films
Authors: Katamune Y. , Murasawa K. , Yoshitake T. , Kikuchi T. , Imokawa K. , Ikenoue H.
Published: July 2023

Surface polishing of hard diamond coatings is a key technique for applying such coatings in industry. In this study, we demonstrated surface modification of polycrystalline diamond films with minimal volume loss of the films by vertical irradiation of KrF excimer laser beams. Optimized laser scanning selectively removed surface asperities and reduced the surface roughness from ∼0.1 to ∼0.05 μm. Raman spectroscopic measurements revealed that laser polishing involves the phase transformation of diamond to amorphous carbon phases and thermal oxidation or evaporation of the amorphous phases. The residual amorphous carbon was almost completely removed by subsequent laser irradiation at appropriate fluences. We consider that the surface texture inherent to polycrystalline diamond films plays an important role in the concentration of laser beams on the nearby film surface. From reciprocating slide-type friction tests, we found that laser polishing decreased the initial friction coefficient from 0.5 to 0.1–0.3 against alumina balls and reduced the abrasion of the mating materials.
Simulation of 1/f charge noise affecting a quantum dot in a Si/SiGe structure
Authors: Kȩpa M. , Focke N. , Cywiński Ł. , Krzywda J. A.
Published: July 2023

Due to presence of magnetic field gradient needed for coherent spin control, dephasing of single-electron spin qubits in silicon quantum dots is often dominated by 1/f charge noise. We investigate theoretically fluctuations of ground state energy of an electron in gated quantum dot in a realistic Si/SiGe structure. We assume that the charge noise is caused by motion of charges trapped at the semiconductor–oxide interface. We consider a realistic range of trapped charge densities, ρ ∼1010 cm−2, and typical lenghtscales of isotropically distributed displacements of these charges, δr≤ 1 nm, and identify pairs (ρ,δr) for which the amplitude and shape of the noise spectrum are in good agreement with spectra reconstructed in recent experiments on similar structures.
Temperature-dependent electroluminescence of a gate pulsed silicon carbide metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor: Insight into interface traps
Authors: Weger M. , Feil M. W. , Van Orden M. , Cottom J. , Bockstedte M. , Pobegen G.
Published: July 2023

Switching a silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor between inversion and accumulation with removed drain and grounded source terminals leads to defect-assisted carrier recombination and light emission. The energy spectrum of the emitted photons provides valuable information on the involved defects, located both at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface and in the 4H-SiC bulk. Here, we measured and analyzed the emitted light over a broad temperature range between 12 and 297 K. Our results reveal two local maxima in light intensity around 30 and 140 K. Most importantly, the local intensity maxima and the related temperatures correlate with both the overall recombination current and gate capacitance measurements. The spectral analysis allowed us to distinguish between recombinations occurring on 4H-SiC bulk defects and 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface-related defects. We explain an initial increase of light emission with decreasing temperature to competing non-radiative pathways with activation energies of 34 and 60 meV for SiC/SiO2 interface- and 4H-SiC bulk-related emissions, respectively. Based on an extensive literature review, we link the measured photon emission to donor–acceptor pair recombination, the EH6/7 or the Z1/2 defect centers. In addition to that, we could link a prominent peak at 2.915 eV to the L1 line of the D1-center. Most importantly, we conducted our own ab initio simulations revealing that recombination via PbC-centers, previously identified with carbon dangling bonds at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface [Cottom et al., J. Appl. Phys. 124, 045302 (2018)], could also provide an explanation for the photon emission around 1.75 eV. Finally, our simulation of an interface-related silicon vacancy VSi,I reveals a radiative transition around 2.8 eV.
The strange case of negative reflection
Authors: Meirbekova B. , Morini L. , Brun M. , Carta G.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we show the phenomenon of negative reflection occurring in a mechanical phononic structure, consisting of a grating of fixed inclusions embedded in a linear elastic matrix. The negative reflection is not due to the introduction of a subwavelength metastructure or materials with negative mechanical properties. Numerical analyses for out-of-plane shear waves demonstrate that there exist frequencies at which most of the incident energy is reflected at negative angles. The effect is symmetric with respect to a line that is not parallel to the normal direction to the grating structure. Simulations at different angles of incidence and computations of the energy fluxes show that negative reflection is achievable in a wide range of loading conditions.
Lock-on to quasi-periodic flow transformation for a rotationally oscillating cylinder due to gust impulse
Authors: Yawar Arsalan , Salehi Fatemeh , Manzoor Shehryar
Published: July 2023

A computational study is conducted to analyze the effects of an upstream gust impulse on lock-on flow of a cylinder, which is rotationally oscillating. Reynold numbers of 100, 110, and 120 and three discrete oscillation conditions based on rotational oscillation amplitudes are considered. The current solution scheme is validated for the cases of stationary and rotationally oscillating cylinders in a uniform flow. The oscillation Strouhal forcing frequency is varied with a resolution of 0.0001 for lock-on to quasi-periodic flow boundary identification. Flows are categorized as either lock-on or quasi-periodic based on frequency analysis of lift. Furthermore, three different gust impulses for each Reynolds number are selected by associating gust Strouhal frequency to natural shedding Strouhal frequency, whereas the Prandtl number is 7. These gust impulses were introduced in lock-on flow near lock-on to quasi-periodic flow boundary. Analysis of lift, drag, and vorticity contours confirms that the lock-on flow is transformed into quasi-periodic flow in conditions of high oscillation amplitude and low gust frequency. This transformation is observed to persist for four descending values of rotational oscillation Strouhal forcing frequency at the upper lock-on boundary.
Effect of sodium ions doping on structure and spectral properties of γ-Ce2S3 microcrystals
Authors: Wang Le , Zhang Shuqin , Li Yinyan , Chen Liang , Zhang Junjie , Xu Shiqing , Bai Gongxun
Published: July 2023

Rare earth sulfides are environmentally friendly and have excellent physical optoelectronic properties and coloring applications. In particular, red γ-Ce2S3 is an important and popular inorganic optical functional material. However, it has become crucial to improve the production efficiency of γ-Ce2S3 and its color performance and stability. By adding ammonium thiocyanate to the precursor, eco-friendly γ-Ce2S3 with excellent color performance was produced in this study. In addition, the effect of different amounts of Na+ doping on the final product's purity and the effect of chroma value were systematically investigated. Results show that an increase in Na+ can effectively lower the synthesis temperature of γ-Ce2S3, improve production efficiency, and optimize color performance prior to saturation. Finally, using density functional theory, the influence of the vacancy structure of γ-Ce2S3 and the change of energy band after the addition of Na+ were calculated, and a detailed experimental characterization in conjunction with density functional theory calculation thoroughly explained the significance of ion doping for reaction synthesis.
A unified density matrix functional construction of quantum baths in density matrix embedding theory beyond the mean-field approximation
Authors: Sekaran Sajanthan , Bindech Oussama , Fromager Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

The equivalence in one-electron quantum baths between the practical implementation of density matrix embedding theory (DMET) and the more recent Householder-transformed density matrix functional embedding theory has been shown previously in the standard but special case where the reference full-size (one-electron reduced) density matrix, from which the bath is constructed, is idempotent [S. Yalouz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 157, 214112 (2022)]. We prove mathematically that the equivalence remains valid when the density matrix is not idempotent anymore, thus allowing for the construction of correlated (one-electron) quantum baths. A density-matrix functional exactification of DMET is derived within the present unified quantum embedding formalism. Numerical examples reveal that the embedding cluster can be quite sensitive to the level of density-matrix functional approximation used for computing the reference density matrix.
Ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilised agricultural soils: controlling factors and solutions for emission reduction
Authors: Rathbone Catrin , Ullah Sami
Published: July 2023

Environmental context Ammonia emissions from inorganic nitrogen fertilisers used in agriculture can impact air quality, human health and ecology. This study quantifies such emissions and their controlling factors from UK and Ireland agricultural soils. Emissions are variable and, from non-urea fertilisers, substantially exceed maximum emission factors used by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. This suggests that UK emission factors need to be refined further, with consideration of inter alia land-use, fertiliser type, soil pH and chemical inhibitors. Rationale Ammonia (NH3) emissions from inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilisers applied to agricultural soils have negative implications for environmental quality and human health. Despite this, efforts to reduce NH3 emissions in the UK have achieved limited success. This study aims to provide an overview of NH3 emissions from UK and Ireland agricultural soils receiving N fertilisers, their regulating factors and the potential role of inhibitors in reducing current NH3 losses. Methodology A systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant experimental data and studies, and the extracted data (total of 298 field fertilisation events) were categorised and analysed systematically. Results NH3 emissions ranged from −4.00 to 77.00% of applied fertiliser-N lost as NH3. In addition to fertiliser type, NH3 losses were also significantly affected by land-use type and soil pH. Urease and combined urease and nitrification inhibitors significantly reduced emissions by 74.50 and 70.00% compared to uninhibited-urea respectively. Discussion In addition to fertiliser types, land-use and soil pH were found as factors for consideration as modifiers to the maximum NH3 emission factor (EFmax) values currently used in the UK, in order to improve estimations of NH3 emissions, particularly from non-urea fertilisers. This is imperative as NH3 losses exceeded current EFmax limits, particularly in the case of non-urea fertilisers, by ~34%, implying that NH3 emissions estimated from UK synthetic fertiliser require further refinements. NH3 losses are not completely inhibited, inhibitors cannot be solely relied upon for tackling NH3 emissions from UK and Ireland fertiliser usage and further research is needed into alternative mitigation methods to further reduce NH3 losses.
First-principles predictions of enhanced thermoelectric properties for Cs2SnI2Cl2 and Cs2PbI2Cl2 monolayers with spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Fei Jiajia , Zhang Xiaojiao , Li Jialin , Li Mingming , Long Mengqiu
Published: July 2023

Inspired by the exceptional charge transport properties and ultra-low thermal conductivity of halide perovskite, we investigate the electronic nature, thermal transport, and thermoelectric properties for Ruddlesden–Popper all-inorganic perovskite, Cs2SnI2Cl2 and Cs2PbI2Cl2 monolayers, using first-principles calculations. During the calculations, spin–orbit coupling has been considered for electronic transport as well as thermoelectric properties. The results show that the Cs2SnI2Cl2 and Cs2PbI2Cl2 monolayers exhibit high carrier mobility and low thermal conductivity. Stronger phonon–phonon interaction is responsible for the fact that thermal conductivity of Cs2SnI2Cl2 monolayer is much lower than that of Cs2PbI2Cl2 monolayer. At 700 K, the values of the figure of merit (ZT) for the n-type doped Cs2SnI2Cl2 and Cs2PbI2Cl2 monolayers are about 1.05 and 0.32 at the optimized carrier concentrations 5.42 × 1012 cm−2 and 9.84 × 1012 cm−2. Moreover, when spin–orbit coupling is considered, the corresponding ZT values are enhanced to 2.73 and 1.98 at 5.27 × 1011 cm−2 and 6.16 × 1011 cm−2. These results signify that Cs2SnI2Cl2 and Cs2PbI2Cl2 monolayers are promising thermoelectric candidates.
SO-IMCKD processed signal improving MSCNN model’s fault diagnosis accuracy for drilling pump fluid end
Authors: Li Gang , Hu Jiayao , Ding Yaping , Shan Daiwei , Ao Jiaxing , Hu Dalong , Liu Yang
Published: July 2023

Drilling pump is the ‘heart’ of drilling construction. The key to accurate fault diagnosis is to extract useful fault features from noisy raw signals. In order to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis of drilling pump fluid end, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale convolutional neural network (MSCNN) combined with the snake optimization optimized maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (SO-IMCKD). First, the SO algorithm is employed to optimize the filter length and the shift number of IMCKD to process the raw signal, enhancing the fault features from the raw signal. Second, the continuous wavelet transform is used to convert the enhanced signals into time-frequency images which are input into an established MSCNN to extract the fault feature more effectively. Finally, by changing the training batchsize of the MSCNN model, the identification effect of the model to the normal state, minor damage, and serious damage of the fluid end is analyzed. The identification of nine states of the fluid end is successfully carried out, with an average diagnostic accuracy of 99.93%. Moreover, the adaptability of the proposed method is verified with the Mechanical Failure Prevention Technology Association dataset. The method has high accuracy and good adaptability, which has desired prospect for drilling pump fault diagnosis and bearing fault diagnosis.
A nitroreductase-MOF biocatalyst for the degradation of nitroaromatic contaminants and fluorescent labeling of carbohydrates
Authors: Zheng Jie , Ding Rui , Xing Lu , Sohail Muhammad , Wang Yifeng , Zhang Xing , Huang He
Published: July 2023

NfsB (nitroreductase from Escherichia coli) can catalyze nitroaromatic compounds to aromatic amines under mild conditions. Compared with the purified enzyme NfsB, we found that the crude enzyme demonstrated better thermal stability and tolerance against a wide pH range, rendering it convenient to use and cost-effective as it did not require any downstream processing. In addition, we introduced metal-organic frameworks to immobilize the crude-NfsB. The resulting composite, crude-NfsB@ZIF-90, showed excellent catalytic performance and reusability, and it also demonstrated good catalytic activity in organic solvents, rendering it more efficient for the removal of nitroaromatic contaminants in complex environments. The nitroreductase-ZIF-90 biocatalyst can be used for fluorescent labeling of carbohydrates, which is favorable for the study of the function of carbohydrates.
Beam-generated plasma formation near a dielectric target irradiated by a pulsed electron beam in the forevacuum pressure range
Authors: Kazakov A V , Oks E M , Panchenko N A , Yushkov Yu G , Zolotukhin D B
Published: July 2023

We have investigated the formation of electron beam-generated (EBG) plasma near a dielectric (ceramic) target and an insulated metal target, and the compensation of the negative charge accumulated on the insulated metal target when the targets are irradiated by an intense pulsed electron beam in the forevacuum pressure range (4–15 Pa). It is shown that the density of the EBG plasma near the irradiated ceramic target (or the irradiated insulated metal target) is greater than the plasma density for a beam propagating freely in a vacuum chamber (or for the grounded metal target). The EBG plasma near the target is formed with a certain delay with respect to the electron beam current pulse, because of which the negative potential of the insulated target is also compensated by a delay. The delay time in the formation of the EBG plasma and in the compensation of the target negative potential decreases with increasing gas pressure. Expressions have been proposed for estimating this delay time.
High-current, double-sided REBCO tapes by advanced MOCVD
Authors: Paidpilli M , Sandra J Sai , Sarangi B , Goel C , Galstyan E , Majkic G , Selvamanickam V
Published: July 2023

An approach to fabricate double-sided, high-current RE-Ba2Cu3O7−δ
(REBCO) tapes for use in ultrahigh-field superconducting magnets operating at and above 20 T is demonstrated. In this work, we modified our advanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition (A-MOCVD) reactor to deposit REBCO films on each side of a double-sided buffer substrate in a single pass. The composition, thickness, and critical current (I
c) of 1 µm-thick REBCO films on each side of the double-sided tapes are compared. Double-sided REBCO tape with 2 µm-thick films on each side showed self-field critical current density (J
c) over 2.6 MA cm−2 at 77 K and 0 T. 15%-Zr-added double-sided REBCO tape showed I
c over 530 A/4 mm at 20 K, 20 T.
Laser melting deposition of Inconel625/Ti6Al4V bimetallic structure with Cu/V interlayers
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Xu Nuo , Liu Xiangyu , Jing Zhicheng , Xu Guojian , Xing Fei
Published: July 2023

A bimetallic structure (BS) made of Inconel625 (IN625) nickel-base superalloy with excellent high temperature properties and Ti6Al4V (TC4) titanium alloy with a light weight and a high strength has broad application prospects in aerospace engineering. However, the integrated manufacturing of the IN625/TC4 BS is a difficult research topic in the industry. In this work, the laser melting deposition (LMD) technology was used to prepare an IN625/TC4 BS without cracks and other metallurgical defects by adding Cu/V interlayers. The results show that the IN625/TC4 BS structure from the IN625 side to the TC4 one can be divided into four regions: IN625 region (region A) → Interlayers/IN625 transition region (region B) → TC4/Interlayers transition region (region C) → TC4 region (region D). The phase compositions of these regions are: γ-Ni + laves → (Ni, Cu)ss + (V, Cr)ss + TiNi → α-Ti + β-Ti + Ti2Ni → α-Ti + β-Ti. The Vickers hardness distribution is uneven in all regions, and the highest value (about 590.0 HV) is achieved in region B. The tensile strength of the IN625/TC4 BS with Cu/V interlayers reaches nearby 514.5±9.5 MPa at room temperature, and fractures are initiated in region B.
Goblet cells segmentation from confocal laser endomicroscopy with an improved U-Net
Authors: Su Dejian , Zheng Xiangwei , Wang Shaotong , Qi Qingqing , Li Zhen
Published: July 2023

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is regarded as a remarkable precursor for the development of intestinal-type stomach cancer. Goblet cell (GC) segmentation is the crucial step for assessing the degree of GIM by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). However, GC segmentation by hand is difficult, unreliable, and time-consuming. Meanwhile, due to the high resolution and noise interference of CLE images, existing segmentation approaches perform poorly on this task. To tackle those issues, we collected 343 confocal laser endomicroscopy images of 62 patients from a Grade-A tertiary hospital. Each CLE image is manually annotated and then verified three times by skilled medical specialists. Then, U-Net is improved by incorporating the pixel gradient attention mechanism, which focuses on color gradient information around GC and captures color gradient features to direct feature maps in the skip connection layer. At last, the model output vector is used to calculate the possibility map and generate the final segmentation area. Compared with mainstream models, our proposed GC segmentation method from CLE with an improved U-Net (GCSCLE) performs the better segmentation result when tested on our CLE dataset and achieved an IOU of 87.95% and a DICE of 86.64%. Our result shows, the performance of the GCSCLE can be compared with the manual CLE image processing in clinical settings, and it can improve segmentation accuracy and save time and costs.
A novel Process Reliabilist response to the Swamping Problem
Authors: Goldberg Sanford
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to provide a novel response on behalf of Process Reliabilism to the Swamping Problem. Unlike previous responses, the present response does not involve conditional probabilities (as Goldman and Olsson do), it does not appeal to permissivism or attitudes towards epistemic risk (as Pettigrew does), it will not depend on the generality of the problem (as Carter and Jarvis do) and it does not embrace either evidentialism or evidence monism (as Bjelde does). Instead it appeals to the modal properties of those beliefs formed through reliable process-types. What is more, the argument is generalizable: while I will frame my conclusion in Process Reliabilist terms, it should be of interest to anyone who is a truth monist regarding epistemic value.
Diffuse dermal angiomatosis of the breast: a case report of successful treatment with topical propranolol
Authors: Lorca-Spröhnle Javier , Casanova-Esquembre Andres , Peñuelas-Leal Rodrigo , Labrandero-Hoyos Carolina , García García Jose Ángel , Alegre-de-Miquel Victor , Pérez-Ferriols Amparo
Published: July 2023

We present a notable case of diffuse dermal angiomatosis of the breast (DDAB) in a 92-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities. The patient exhibited rapid and nearly complete resolution of lesions following early topical application of 1% propranolol in cold cream highlighting its potential as an effective treatment option for DDAB.
Aberrant B-cell activation and B-cell subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis: analysis by clinical activity, autoantibody seropositivity, and treatment
Authors: Morales-Núñez José Javier , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco , García-Chagollán Mariel , Cerpa-Cruz Sergio , Martínez-Bonilla Gloria Esther , Medina-Rosales Vianey Monserrat , Díaz-Pérez Saúl Alberto , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Hernández-Bello Jorge
Published: July 2023

Few studies analyze the role of B-cell subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the differences in B-cell subpopulations and B-cell activation according to disease activity, RA subtype, and absence of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy. These subgroups were compared with control subjects (CS). One hundred and thirty-nine subjects were included, of which 114 were RA patients, and 25 were controls. Patients were divided into 99 with seropositive RA, 6 with seronegative RA, and 9 without DMARDs. The patients with seropositive RA were subclassified based on the DAS28 index. A seven-color multicolor flow cytometry panel was used to identify B-cell immunophenotypes and cell activation markers. There were no changes in total B-cell frequencies between RA patients and controls. However, a lower frequency of memory B cells and pre-plasmablasts was observed in seropositive RA compared to controls (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0043, respectively). In contrast, a higher frequency of mature B cells was observed in RA than in controls (P = 0.0002). Among patients with RA, those with moderate activity had a higher percentage of B cells (P = 0.0021). The CD69+ marker was increased (P < 0.0001) in RA compared to controls, while the CD40+ frequency was decreased in patients (P < 0.0001). Transitional, naïve, and double-negative B-cell subpopulations were higher in seronegative RA than in seropositive (P < 0.01). In conclusion, in seropositive and seronegative RA patients, there are alterations in B-cell activation and B-cell subpopulations, independently of clinical activity and DMARDs therapy.