bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hit-And-Run Mechanism of HBV-Mediated Progression to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hessein Mohamed , Saad El Gendy , Mohamed Attallah A , Kamel El Awaday M , Abdel Hady AM , Amina Medhat , Rogler Charles E
Published: April 2018

Aim and background

Hepatitis B virus is implicated in the development of hepatocellular caracinoma. No oncogenes have been identified within the viral genome. Furthermore, it frequently fragments after integration into the hepatocyte genome. Simultaneous investigations of hepatitis B virus integration patterns and genetic changes in precancerous tissues are important to understand the role played by hepatitis B virus integration in hepatocellular caracinoma.

Method

We used a combination approach of dual characterization of highly polymorphic loci and the change in hepatitis B virus-DNA integration pattern. Large regenerative nodules were dissected from 6 explanted hepatitis B virus infected cirrhotic livers. Nodules within each liver segment were schematically mapped and histopathologically analyzed. Genomic DNA from each nodule was analyzed for hepatitis B virus integration and the genetic stability of 12 microsatellite loci including D3S2321, D8S1022, D17S1159, D4S2281, D5S1/2, D16S675, D16S685, D16S490, D16S526, D16S673, D16S677 and D16S690.

Results

Data from different liver segments revealed few viral integrations and average allele loss. The most exciting results came from a segment containing a set of clonally and spatially related nodules having similar histologic features, a progressive lineage of allele loss, HBV integration and loss of integration.

Conclusions

This model portrait, a scenario of genetic events that precede tumor formation where the acquisition and loss of hepatitis B virus integrations in clonally related regenerative nodules, might explain how the virus acts as a hit-and-run mutagen.
Cytokeratin 19 Expression by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Peripheral Blood of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Tobias-Machado Marcos , Fonseca Fernando , Fantinato Ana Paula , Bendit Israel , Wroclawski Marcelo Langer , Wroclawski Eric , del Giglio Auro
Published: April 2018

Aims and background

Sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based techniques for detection of epithelial antigen expression, such as cytokeratin 19, in the peripheral blood mononuclear fraction of prostate cancer patients may allow the detection of tumor progression at A molecular level.

Methods

We studied cytokeratin 19 expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of 10 control men and serially in 44 patients with prostate cancer every three months for 18 months.

Results

None of the 10 normal control men expressed cytokeratin 19 in their peripheral blood mononuclear fraction. In the patients, cytokeratin 19 positivity at entry was not associated with age, Gleason score, clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen or alkaline phosphatase. Interestingly, having at least one positive cytokeratin 19 result during follow-up correlated significantly with time to prostate-specific antigen progression (P = 0.049), especially in the subgroup of metastatic patients (P = 0.032).

Conclusions

We conclude that cytokeratin 19 expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of prostate cancer patients correlates with time to prostate-specific antigen progression. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Mri in Multiple Myeloma with Orbital and Dural Invasion
Authors: Tuncbilek Nermin , Karakas Hakki Muammer , Okten Ozerk Omur , Vural Ozden
Published: April 2018

The case of a 42-year-old woman with aleukemic Bence Jones-type multiple myeloma who developed ocular abnormalities is described. Extramedullary plasmocytomas, either as solitary lesions or as manifestations of multiple myeloma, rarely involve the orbit and durai structures. Early detection of such lesions indicates an aggressive clinical course. In this paper we describe the magnetic resonance imaging findings of ocular and dural myelomatous involvement.
Oral Glutamine Ameliorates Chemotherapy-induced Changes of Intestinal Permeability and Does not Interfere with the Antitumor Effect of Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Li Yousheng , Yu Zeping , Liu Fangnan , Tan Li , Wu Bo , Li Jieshou
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background

Sixty patients with breast cancer were randomly assigned to oral glutamine or placebo pre-neoadju-vant chemotherapy (CEF regimen).

Methods and Study Design

Oral glutamine supplementation was continued for at least 12 days. Patients kept a daily record of diarrhea and stomatitis. The plasma glutamine level, intestinal permeability (lactulose-mannitol test), and tumor size were analyzed. The expression of Ki-67 and PCNA antigens in breast carcinoma was assessed.

Results

The plasma glutamine level was significantly higher in the glutamine group than in the placebo group (420.39 ± 52.39 mmol/L vs 309.76 ± 42.34 mmoi/L, P <0.05). After one cycle of chemotherapy, the lactulose-mannitol ratio was higher in the placebo group than in the glutamine group (0.0630 ± 0.0091 vs 0.0471 ± 0.0094, P <0.05). No differences were observed in the grades of stomatitis and diarrhea, in the changes in tumor size, and in the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA antigens between the two groups.

Conclusions

Prophylactic oral glutamine could ameliorate the neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced increase in intestinal permeability, but had no significant positive clinical effect on stomatitis and diarrhea and did not interfere with the antitumor effect of chemotherapy.
Comorbidity as a Prognostic Factor in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gonlugur Tanseli Efeoglu , Gonlugur Ugur
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background

Many factors have prognostic significance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study was to define the prognostic factors influencing the response to therapy and the survival in SCLC.

Methods

A consecutive series of 90 patients with SCLC was analyzed retrospectively using 32 pretreatment and 3 treatment-related prognostic factors with respect to their influence on survival. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate analysis and by the Cox multivariate regression model. Patients who survived more than 2 months were included in the univariate analysis.

Results

The median survival of the whole population was 7 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 20%. In univariate analysis, prognosis was significantly influenced by gender, comorbidity, thoracic irradiation, receipt of more than 3 cycles of chemotherapy, response to chemotherapy, and performance status. The Cox model identified comorbidity (P = 0.03), receipt of more than 3 cycles of chemotherapy (P = 0.003) and response to chemotherapy (P = 0.002) as the only significant factors.

Conclusions

The prognosis of SCLC is poor, and comorbidity information should be included in prognostic studies.
La Diagnosi Citologica nel Carcinoma Bronchiogenico. Punti di Vista Clinici: (Studio di 1397 casi)
Authors: Hansen J. L. , Maraschio P.
Published: April 2018

The authors point out the importance of cytological examination from the early detection point of view of the bronchiogenic carcinoma. In table 1 false positive results in non malignant lung diseases in different periods of time are indicated. In table 2 cytological results are confronted with histological types of 250 cases of bronchiogenic carcinoma. In table 3 cytological results in resectable and unresectable cases of bronchogenic carcinoma are examinated. In table 4 the percentage of positive and negative results of cytological examination upon verified cases of bronchiogenic carcinoma is presented and the necessity to carry out five or more examinations is emphasised. In table 5 and fig. 1 the percentage of positive results by an increasing number of cytological examinations even on ideal conditions is shown. Negative results do not exclude the cancer (4).
Azione del 4,4′-Diossi-α-α′-Dietil-Stilbene Sull'Adenocarcinoma Mammario di Walker del “Mus Rattus Albinus”
Authors: Lorenzoni L. , Vescovo R.
Published: April 2018

The modifications in the growth and histology of the Walker rat carcinoma under the influence of a stilbenic compound were investigated. Males show a clearer modification than females in growth as well as in the histological picture; but the latter change is less evident after a prolonged treatment. In general the histological changes due to the treatment consist of an increase of reticular and collagenous fibrils and of regressive cell lesions with a diminished mitotic index.
VARIAZIONI ISTOCHIMICHE DEL CONNETTIVO DI NEOPLASIE MAMMARIE SOTTOPOSTE A ROENTGENTERAPIA
Authors: Romanini Attilio , Pisani Giovanni
Published: April 2018

In irradiated mammary tumours a diminution of the tumour tissue (concerning « A » as well as « B » cells of Caspersson) and an increase of the connective tissue (increased number of nuclei and diminution of their volume) have been observed.
Comportamento Elettroforetico di Estratti di Sarcoma di Rous Sottoposti ad Ultracentrifugazione
Authors: Caputo Antonio
Published: April 2018

Results are referred on the electrophoretic behaviour of Rous sarcoma extracts. The supernatant obtained by serial centrifugations of the extracts (some of which at high speedness) has six components with the following mobilities: 10,3; 8,3; 6,5; 4,5; 2,3; and 0,4 × 10−5 cm2 volt−1sec−1. Such components are respectively: polysaccharidic acids, nucleic acids, nucleoproteins, albumins, globulins and hemogloblin.

The experiments carried out for the study of the infectiousness showed that the tumor induction is correlated with the fraction which may be separated by electrophoresis and is characterized by the ultraviolet spectrum of nucleic substances.
IL GRANULOMA DA AGAR NELLO STUDIO DELLA REATTIVITA’ DEL MESENCHIMA DI ANIMALI TRATTATI CON METILCOLANTRENE E PORTATORI DI UN TUMORE TRAPIANTATO
Authors: Tedeschi Guido Giacomo
Published: April 2018

Agar inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats gives rise to a granuloma with a peculiar structure. When methylcholanthrene is included in the agar the organization and the evolution of the granuloma are inhibited. Also when agar is inserted in the connective surrounding the Walker carcinoma or into the subcutaneous tissue of a tumour-bearing rat, quite an atypical granuloma is produced. It may be assumed that in such conditions the reaction properties of the connective tissue are modified.
LO SCARICO VENOSO DELL'ARTO SUPERIORE IN RAPPORTO AL CANCRO DI MAMMELLA
Authors: Pozzi G. , Leoni-Orsenigo S.
Published: April 2018

Phlebographic investigations were undertaken in patients with mammary cancer and in patients radically operated for the same cancer, in order to study:

1) a participation of the venous blood circulation in the pathogenesis of oedema of the upper limb (chiefly of the post-operation « thick arm »);

2) the possibility of a neoplastic nature (exstrinsic or intrinsic) of the venous lesions.

Some cases are illustrated. A hindered venous outflow may be admitted and the neoplastic nature of the venous lesions appears quite evident.
Su un Raro Caso di Melanoblastoma Primitivo Sub-Ungueale
Authors: Sinigaglia Giacomo M. , Bagolan Piero
Published: April 2018

A case of a largely achromic melanoblastoma of the thumb (right hand) arising from the subungual layer is described.

This tumour is worth being particularly considered, because of its unfrequent occurrence and clinical peculiarities; furthermore it may be diagnosed (at least at first) as a chronic phlogistic process.
Tentativi Di Produzione Sperimentale Di. Tumori Del Tessuto Linfatico: NOTA I - Esperienze con A.C.T.H. ed acetaminofluorene
Authors: Sirtori C. , Pizzetti F. , Leonardelli G. B. , Teatini G. P.
Published: April 2018

A lymphocytolytic hormone (ACTH) and a carcinogenic substance with general and protrected action (AAF) were administared to rats in order to induce hyperdysplastic-neoplastic processes in the lymphatic tissue. Microscopical examinations were performed (at different time intervals) on some organs (liver, spleen, thymus, testis, intestine, kidney, adrenals, lymph nodes) of the animals treated with the carcinogen alone as well as of those treated by the combined administration ACTH + AAF. High dosage (50 U.I. pro die for 10 days) of ACTH did not induce proliferative changes in the lymphatic tissue, except for a slight hyperplasia. True preneoplastic changes were obtained only in the liver of animals submitted to combined treatment.
Studio Cariologico Sull'Azione Antimitotica Della Colchicina Nel Cancro Del Collo Dell'Utero
Authors: Feletig Paolo
Published: April 2018

Four carcinomas of the portio were treated for 3 days with colchicine in glycerin ovuli (20 mg each). Both immediate cytological effects (c-mitosis) and secondary ones (increase of giant cells interpretable as hyperploids), typical for the employed substance, were observed. Results (statistically determined) are discussed also in relation to the clinical problem.
Le Emulsioni Fotografiche Come Strumento Di Ricerca Biologica
Authors: Mayr G.
Published: April 2018

The interaction of radiation with photographic emulsions and the production of tracks are briefly described. The most usual autoradiographic procedures are summarised.
Considerazioni Patogenetiche su un Caso di Tumore Cosiddetto Misto Della Mammella in un Operato di Prostatectomia
Authors: Piana Carlo
Published: April 2018

A case is described of the so-called mixed tumour of the breast occurred in a prostatectomized man. The pathogenesis is considered in the light of the recent endocrinological acquirements and some obscure aspects of the problem are pointed out.
Modificazioni Dell'Epitelio Cutaneo Ed Annessi in Sede Di « Oncogenesi Secondaria » Nel Ratto
Authors: Carminati Valentino , Chirico Mario
Published: April 2018

Marked hyperplastic-dysplastic processes have been found to occur in the epithelium and cutaneous annexes contemporaneously with a sarcoma developing at the site of injiection of silicic anhydride alone in rats bearing opposite benzopyrene sarcoma.

Such phenomena are also present, though at a lesser extente, in the epithelium and annexes overlying the primary benzpyrene tumour.

A comparative evaluation is given and explanations are suggested basing upon data from the literature about collateral hyperplasia, upon phenomena involving the organizing and trophic determination of the connective tissue and upon the hypothesis of an eventual fixation of subliminal doses of the carcinogen present in the opposite side.

Aim of this paper is to prelude to further experimental investigations in order to clarify the unknown mechanisms which determine the above described hyperplastic-dysplastic processes.
Studio Di Alcuni Particolari Equilibri Biologici in Relazione Al Problema Della Cancerogenesi
Authors: Scrobogna S. , Mosetti F.
Published: April 2018

Basing on the opinion that all biological phenomena, and therefore carcinogenesis too, may be analyzed by biological investigations, a first trial of researches carried out with these principles is presented. After having largely analyzed the possible extension of laws and techniques of the experimental biology to the carcinogenesis, it is concluded that the fundamental laws of the biological equilibria may be applied to the equilibrium established between normal tissues and neoformated cell elements. This opinion is furtherly confirmed by the experiments and by the matematical analysis of the results.
La Polisierosite Come Sintomo Iniziale Del Granuloma Maligno
Authors: Appiani Luciano
Published: April 2018

A case of malignant granuloma, showing initial serositic symptomatology, is described.
Considerazioni su 100 Casi di Cancro Bilaterale Della Mammella
Authors: Bucalossi P. , Catania V. C. , Rock T.
Published: April 2018

100 cases (2.77 per cent) of bilateral mammary cancer (simultaneous occurrence in 26 and consecutive in 74) were observed out of 3600 patients hospitalized for mammary cancer. Operability was considered to be the most suitable criterio for the recognition of the primary tumour. Numerous anamnestic factors have been considered in order to explain the prevalence of bilateral mammary cancer in some patients, but no convincing evidence was reached. Patients affected by bilateral cancer showed, in comparison with other groups, a more prolonged genital life. It was furthermore observed that: 1) the site of occurence in the different breast quadrants is unrelated to the classical routes of lymphatic spread; 2) patients with invasion of lymphnodes of the internal mammary chain show a much more severe prognosis; 3) five-year results do not differ in patients with bilateral or unilateral breast cancer; they are rather dependent upon invasion of regional nodes.

Personal and literature results show that the so-called prophylactic removal of the healthy breast does not improve results after 5 years.
« IL Profilo Istomorfologico e Istochimico del Cordoma Rinofaringeo »
Authors: Iurato S. , Leonardelli G. B.
Published: April 2018

3 cases of spheno-occipital chordoma with rhinopharingeal involvement have been morphologically and histochemically studied. The derivation from the notochord is stated.
Sull'azione Della Pantetina, Della Vitamina B12 E Dell'atp Come Fattori di Crescita sui Fibroblasti di Cuore Embrionario di Pollo
Authors: Bianco R. , Rota M.
Published: April 2018

Some growth substances, like Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B12 and ATP were tested, alone or in association, on in vitro cultures of fibroblasts from chicken embryos heart.
Le Recidive Dopo Radioterapia Dei Carcinomi Delle Mucose Del Cavo Orale: VI - Considerazioni conclusive
Authors: Pompili Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

A statistical investigation has been carried out on 1986 patients radiologically treated for carcinoma of the oral cavity and on 411 recurrences ascertained in these patients. Conclusions and considerations are exposed. Particular evidence is given to the fact that the 50 per cent about of recurrences do not come to recovery owing to a delayed presentation to the control examinations. A significant improvement of the recovery percentage may be obtained by a more rigorous technique in the radiotherapic treatment.
Dell'« Oncogenesi Secondaria » : Apporto Sperimentale All'Interpretazione
Authors: Carminati V. , Chirico M.
Published: April 2018

1) A cross experiment has been carried out with primary tumour and granuloma distally located (left groin and right axilla). The existence of the biological phenomenon which is named by the Authors « secondary oncogenesis » is confirmed.

2) In this case the statistical incidence of the phenomenon was proved to be lower. This predictable observation would support the presence of a realizing factor. Owing to a higher dispersion due to such experimental conditions, this factor would be fixed in the granuloma in even more sub-liminal doses, sometimes unable to induce oncogenesis.
Il Cancro Del Collo Uterino Nelle Donne Di Giovane Eta'
Authors: Grattarola Renzo , Luciani Luciano
Published: April 2018

In 150 young women (from 22 to 35 years of age) bearing carcinoma of the uterus cervix, late results are discussed according to the stage and treatment. A higher efficacy of radium-roentgen association in comparison with radium alone is observed. As concerns the first stage, it is suggested that better results are obtained by an association of surgery and radium-roentgentherapy. A prognostic appraisal based on the degree of histological differentiation is of no value, other than in undifferentiated carcinomas which would seem to have a more unfavourable prognosis in comparison with epidermoid carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. A comparative evaluation of late results in young women and aged ones shows a worse prognosis in the former.
Gli Angiomi Primitivi Dei Muscoli Striati
Authors: Mercadante Tommaso
Published: April 2018

Starting from a personal observation of primary angioma of the left pectoralis major, investigations on muscle angiomas are resumed, with the purpose of completing the latest statistical analyses. 75 new cases are reviewed which, added to those from Shallow, Eger and Wagner, bring the number of angiomas referred in the literature up to 111. The etiopathogenesis, pathological anatomy and symptomatology of this affection are considererd and the differential diagnosis, still very difficult, is discussed. A diagnostical misunderstanding may be avoided or limited by thinking of this possible occurrence. The numerous means, currently available for an easier diagnosis are exposed, like direct roentgenography, contrast medium roentgenography, angiography, phlebography, exploratory puncture. The various therapeutic systems are finally considered, among which surgery still represents the treatment of choice.
L'Indagine Radiologica Nella Diagnostica Del Cancro Mammario
Authors: Pisani Giovanni
Published: April 2018

Techniques and indications for mammography are briefly considered. The most common roentgenographic pictures of both malignant and benign mammary tumours are described and the diagnostical possibilities of this particular procedure are stressed. In 19 documented cases mammography allowed a precise diagnosis of the pathological process.
Variazioni Siero-Proteiche in Ratti Portatori Di Tumore, Prima E Dopo Irradiazione
Authors: Bozzetti E. , Magrassi B.
Published: April 2018

Sera from rats implanted with Walker carcinoma or benzpyrene sarcoma in the posterior region of the thigh, have, been electrophoretically studied. Some of these animals were kept as controls, others treated with Roentgen radiations confined to the neoplastic area, being radiations started when the tumour had reached approximately the size of a pea.

The electrophoretic patterns of the irradiated tumour-bearing animals, with slower tumour growth and consequent higher survival, showed deep alterations due to a severe albumin decrease and manifest changes in the globulin fractions. Of the globulin fractions, especially the on proved to be highly increased and frequently joined to albumins. The non irradiated tumour-bearing animals showed, though to a lesser extent, altered seroprotein records even in the late stages of the disease.
Azione Dell'Insulina Sul Metabolismo Degli Organi Di Ratto Normale E Di Ratto Portatore Di Sarcoma Da Benzopirene
Authors: Castro V. , Terranova T.
Published: April 2018

Normal rats and rats bearing benzpyrene sarcoma either initial (mean weight of the growth g 3.5) or advanced (mean weight g 30-50), were fasted for 24 hours and then given 4 I.U. insulin. Tissue free amino acids level, oxygen consumption, some oxidative enzymatic activities, glycogen, total phosphorus and labile ATP phosphorus of various organs have been studied following the insulin administration.

A more or less appreciable difference in the insuline action on free amino acids and oxygen consumption was noticeable between tumour- bearing and normal animals; this difference is more marked in cases of advanced tumour.

Of the various aminoacids taken into consideration, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine showed the most marked changes, likely in relation to particular metabolic requirements of the tumour-bearing animals. Glycogen, total phosphorus and labile A.T.P. phosphorus were not seen to be remarkably modified by insulin treatment in tumour-bearing animals as compared to normal ones.
L'Arteriografia Selettiva Nella Diagnosticá Dei Tumori Renali Ed Epatici
Authors: Morino F. , Catania V. C. , Olivero S.
Published: April 2018

The selective arteriography by catheterism of the humeral artery finds its best indication in renal neoplasms, in which it supplies angiographic pictures of significant diagnostical value. This investigation may be profitable also in liver neoplasms, on the purpose of a detailed study of the hepatic circulation. Some suggestive pictures demonstrate that the renal selective arteriography allows the early detection of renal tumours, their exact location, the differential diagnosis with cysts and hydronephrosis and the evaluation of the tumor extension. As concerns the liver, the number of cases examined hitherto is insufficient to allow conclusions for a differentiation between primary and secondary neoplasms.
La Specificità Sierologica Di Organo Nel Fegato Normale e Nel Fegato Rigenerante Di Ratto
Authors: Clerici E. , Guidotti G. , Bazzano E.
Published: April 2018

Mitochondrial and microsomal fractions from normal and regenerating rat livers were isolated by differential centrifugation, Specific and aspecific antibodies were produced by intravenous injection of the above fractions into the rabbits ears.

The aspecific antibodies were adsorbed by a mixed suspension of rat kidney mitochondria and microsomes. The adsorbed antisera were tested with the normal and regenerating liver antigens in presence of a complete hemolytic system. It appeared that the complement was fixed either in presence of normal or regenerating liver antigens by the antibodies derived from both of them. Therefore it can be concluded that, in contrast with the hepatomas, the regenerating liver keeps its organ specificity, in spite of some of its biochemical features imitating the tumoral ones.
Antagonismo Da Timina Ed Acido Folico Sulla Inibizione Della Crescita Di Tumori Da Trapianto Da Analoghi Pirimidinici
Authors: Di Marco A. , Gaetani M.
Published: April 2018

The antagonistic activity exerted by thymine and folic acid on the inhibiting action of 2-thio-5-methylcytosine on the growth of mouse Ehrlich adenocarcinoma has been studied. Results are referred. Emphasis is laid on the biphasic action (antagonistic at low doses and synergic at high doses) elicited by the two metabolites towards the pyrimidine analog. Some hypotheses on the mechanism of such antagonistic action are advanced. Results « in vivo » are compared with those observed in microbiological systems and in cultures from chicken embryo fibroblasts.
I Tumori Benigni Dello Stomaco: Considerazioni su 27 casi personali
Authors: Veronesi U. , Peruzzotti R. , Antonelli A. , Pellegris G.
Published: April 2018

27 Authors’ own cases of benign tumours of the stomach are referred: 17 polyps, 4 myomas, 3 neurilemmomas, 1 neurofibroma, 1 fibroma, 1 glomic tumour. In 15 cases symptomatology had occurred less than 1 year before admission, in 5 cases from 1 to 4 years, in 4 from 4 to 8 years, whereas in 3 cases symptoms have been present for more than 8 years.

The most frequent symptoms were found to be: pain (78 per cent), and epigastric heaviness (79 per cent). Less frequent were pyrosis (37 per cent), nausea (29 per cent), loss of weight (29 per cent), vomiting (22 per cent), melena (15 per cent). Males appeared to be more affected (83 per cent) than females (37 per cent).

The site more involved by gastric benign tumours was observed to be, not unlike carcinomas, the antropyloric region. Basing on this ascertainment, the hypothesis is discussed that the same etiologic factors which act in the gastric carcinogenesis may have part in the genesis of benign neoformations of the stomach.
Tumori Vascolari Vulvo-Vaginali (Contributo clinico)
Authors: Bianco R. , Samuel S.
Published: April 2018

The vascular neoplastic pathology of the vulva and vagina is exceedingly unfrequent. In the Gynecological Department of the Cancer Institute of Milan 6 (0.076 per cent) cases of vulvovaginal vascular neoplasms were selected out of 8014 hospitalized patients. Among the observed findings it is worth noting the coexistence of a vascular and nervous tumour (hemangioma and neurilemmoma) and the possibility for lymphangiomas not to be, as generally known, of dysontogenetic nature; in fact, the case under study had developed in a very advanced age. It is stressed, in addition, the importance of early diagnosing and operating - also in infantile age - the dysontogenetic angiomas which, when disregarded, may give rise to significant troubles in a later age.
Il Quadro Cromatografico Dei 17-Chetosteroidi Urinari in Varie Forme di Emolinfopatia
Authors: Molinatti G. M. , Camanni F. , Resegotti L.
Published: April 2018

A study on steroid hormone metabolism in 24 cases of blood dyscrasias has been performed through chemical determination of urinary 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and chromatographic analysis of the former.

Corticoids appeared to be preferentially decreased in acute leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia, while in chronic lymphatic leukemia and in Waldenstrom's disease 17-ketosteroids were affected as well.

The chromatographic analysis of 17-ketosteroids showed that fractions IV and V, corresponding to androsterone and etiocholanolone, are decreased in almost all cases. High and bifid peaks III are constantly found in polycythemia and haemophilia; changes of peak III of a minor importance are occasionally found in all types of leukemia.

The significance of the data observed is discussed from the point of view of steroid metabolism and a hypothesis is presented to explain the mechanism of the changes occurring in pattern of the various chromatographic fractions of 17-ketosteroids.
Inibizione Dell'attivita β-Glicuronidasica Urinaria in Malati di Tumore Vescicale Mediante Somministrazione di Saccarolattone
Authors: Mattea E. , Pietra E. , Viola M. R.
Published: April 2018

The effect of a mixture of saccharo-lactones (1:4 and 3:6 lactone) on the urinary β-glucuronidase has been studied in subjects with tumours of the urinary bladder. The administration of this mixture in a daily dose of 4 g of each lactone for 4 days produced an average diminution of the enzyme activity of the 80 per cent.

Collateral researches showed that in patients bearing malignant tumours of the urinary bladder the β-glucuronidase activity is higher than normal.

Interpretations are advanced on the causes of this enzymatic increase, and it is suggested that saccharo-lactones may be effectively employed in the prophylaxis of vesical tumours only when the mechanism responsible for the β-glucuronidase increase is clearly demonstrated.
Sul Trattamento Del Carcinoma Uterino e Delle Diffusioni Parametrali Con la Telecobaltoterapia
Authors: Buraggi G. L. , Romanini A. , Roncoroni L.
Published: April 2018

In the present paper account is given to the different methods of telecobaltotherapy of the uterus, parametrium and pelvic lymph nodes, both in patients previously submitted to radiumtherapy and in untreated ones.

The method of choice is still the pendulum therapy with double axis of rotation. Another method is however suggested which, owing to its easy performance, may be employed on a large scale: the employ of two opposite fields, with medial protection of the lower half of the field.

The isodoses constructed on the puppet and those employed in order to obtain in the patients the isodoses curves with different sizes of the antero-posterior diameter are presented.
I Fondamenti Clinici Della Diagnostica Precoce Del Cancro Della Mammella
Authors: Valenti C.
Published: April 2018

The principle according to which to an earliest diagnosis corresponds the best therapeutical result accounts for mammary carcinoma perhaps more than for other neoplastic localizations. Early diagnosis is facilitated by the slow local and lymph node spreading of the tumour, and by the easy inspection and palpation of the organ. For his specific biological, physiopathological and clinical preparation, the gynecologist is highly entitled to accomplish the important social task of detecting breast lesions, by two ways: the careful and systematic examination of the breasts in both obstetrical and gynecological patients, and the education of the patients themselves, who must be convinced of the importance of a periodical and adequate self-examination of the organ. The techniques of the physical examination of the breast, to be carried out by the patient and by the physician, are described in detail. A brief mention is given of the byoptic techniques.
Considerazioni Cliniche e Istomorfologiche Su 230 Casi di Mammella Secernente
Authors: Veronesi U. , Bianco R. , Bellini F.
Published: April 2018

230 cases with mammary secretion observed at the Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1958 are reported. In 96 out of the 230 cases the secretion was dependent on a mammary carcinoma, in 58 on a cystic disease, in 33 on a papillomatosis, in 25 on manifestations of other type.

The secretion was hematic in 187 cases (81 per cent), serous in 37 (16 per cent) and of different type in 6 (3 per cent). The hematic secretion was more frequently found in the cases of carcinoma (97 per cent) than in papillomatosis (76 per cent) or cystic disease (67 per cent).

In 145 cases a palpable mass was present in the mammary gland. In 85 cases, on the other hand, no palpable mass was found. In 17 of these oases (i.e. in a fifth of the cases) the explorative operation revealed a carcinoma, mainly intraductal.

Relating these data to the 4675 cases of carcinoma, cystic disease and ductal papillomatosis observed at the Cancer Institute during 30 years, it is remarked that the mammary secretion represents a symptom which is rare in mammary carcinoma (96 out of 4,000 cases, or the 2.4 per cent), less unfrequent in the cystic disease (56 out of 605 cases, or the 9.6 per cent) and very frequent in the ductal papillomatosis (33 out of 70 cases, or the 47 per cent).
Gastriti Croniche e Cancro Dello Stomaco
Authors: Serafini F.
Published: April 2018

The association of gastric cancer and interstitial hyperthrophic chronic gastritis is illustrated. This type of gastritis is labelled as a precancerous disease, and the relations existing between tumour of the stomach and atrophic gastritis from pernicious anemia are briefly considered.
Indagine Clinica Sul Trattamento Azoipritico e Roentgenterapico Del Morbo di Hodgkin
Authors: Bersani A. , Stegher G.
Published: April 2018

137 patients with Hodgkin's disease have been examined at the Medical Clinics of Bologna from 1947 to 1957. Some etiological considerations are exposed, partly contrasting with the classical conceptions. The therapeutical effects obtained with physical therapy and nitrogen mustard, alone or associated, have been studied in relation to the different lymphogranulomatous localizations. The investigation has shown that the treatment of the Hodgkin's disease is, at present, only symptomatic and that its effects consist in remissions of different duration, occording to the treatment employed. Roentgentherapy, in particular, seems to exert a more rapid effect, while nitrogen mustards appear to consent longer remissions.
Lack of Carcinogenic Effects of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide in the Syrian Golden Hamsters
Authors: Toth Bela , Shubik Philippe
Published: April 2018

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) was administered as a 0.3 % solution for 42 weeks intermittently and as a 0.2 and 0.1 % solutions continuously in the drinking water for the lifespan of adult Syrian golden hamsters. 0.3 % INH solution was found to be too toxic, therefore it had to be given periodically and finally the treatment had to be stopped, while 0.2 and 0.1 % INH solutions were relatively well tolerated during the entire life of the animals. The consumption of INH resulted in no detectable tumorigenic effect in the treated hamsters.

It is concluded that the drug is apparently no carcinogenic in this species. In view of the fact that the tumor producing capability of INH was shown by numerous studies in mice, the matter of selective neoplastic response in the various species is discussed and emphasized.
Bilateral Carcinoma of the Breast or Associated with Uterus Cancer
Authors: Garusi Gianfranco , Donati Enzo
Published: April 2018

58 cases of double malignancies of uterus and breast observed in 1048 breast cancers and 941 uterine cancers are reported. 46 cases were of double breast cancer, the second arising within a year of the first in 21 cases and later in the other 25. The interest of these findings lies in the incidence and chronological distribution of the two lesions and the long interval between the onset of the two malignancies and the increased risk of metastases. Double malignancies affecting breast and uterus are much rarer: 8 cases in which the breast was affected first, only 1 of which metastasised, and 4 cases in which the uterus was affected first, of which as many as 3 metastasised. The occurrence of these combinations does not seem to be related, or at any rate non consistently, either with age, marital status or treatment, roentgen castration in particular.
Clinical Similarities and Dissimilarities between Lymphosarcoma and Reticulosarcoma
Authors: Carnevali Giuseppe , Salvini Enea
Published: April 2018

A clinicostatistical analysis was made of all histologically proven cases of lymphosarcoma (104) and reticulosarcoma (247), treated by radiotherapy from 1950 to 1961 at the National Cancer Institute and the Institute of Radiology of the University of Milano. On the basis of these data, clinical similarities and dissimilarities between lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma are set forth. Reticulosarcoma is more frequent than lymphosarcoma (2.37: 1) and affects younger subjects (50% → 41–60% yrs against 51 – 70 yrs). The sex ratio is almost the same. Lymphosarcoma arises prevailingly in lymph nodes (60%), but in a fair number of cases (23%) the primary tumor was found to occur in Waldeyer's ring. For reticulosarcoma the primary site is mostly the pharynx (48.6 %), being found in the lymph nodes in the 27.9 % only. The percentages by stage, irradiation technique and dose are similar in the two tumor types. The curves of total and partial survival by age and sex, site of occurrence, clinical stage, and techniques of the radiation therapy are roughly the same.
Biological and Clinical Approach to the Problem of Tumor Radiosensitization
Authors: Oliva Luigi , Cittadini Giorgio
Published: April 2018

The aim of every form of radiotherapy has always been the selective elimination of tumor cells from the cancerous body. Unfortunately over 70 years’ experience has shown that this goal is not usually feasible even at the local site. In attempting to explain the «failure» of traditional radiotherapy account must be taken of recent discoveries in cellular radiobiology, especially: a) the roughly equal «intrinsic radiosensitivity» of the various mammalian cells, whether normal or neoplastic; b) the relative radioprotection enjoyed by some normal and cancer cells in the cancerous organism. The two main problems facing radiotherapy at present are: 1) how to interfere with the cell's intrinsic radiosensitivity from the outside by physical, chemical and biological means; 2) how to interfere selectively with neoplastic cells. It is thus clear that modern radiotherapy calls for appropriate preparation of the substrate: the cancerous organism. The recent successful application of chemical substances tried in other fields of human pathology to attempts at radiosensitizing tumors is a promising approach to this research of new paths with old tools.
Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva
Authors: Cascinelli Natale , Di Re Francesco , Lupi Giovanni , Balzarini Gian Paolo
Published: April 2018

Many aspects of malignant melanoma of the vulva are still open questions and only appropriate clinical trials can supply the answers. However, we believe that the reporting of case-material can be of some use. Our series consists of 14 cases, that is 2% of all the melanomas observed. Most of the patients were past middle age, the average age being 59.7 years. The most frequent sites were the labium majus and the clitoris (5 cases per site); in 2 cases the urethral meatus was affected and in 2 cases the labium minus. There are virtually no subjective symptoms except for occasional reports of a burning sensation or pruritus. Terminal stranguria may be present in cases in which the urethral papilla is affected. The clinical diagnosis does not usually present serious difficulties. Cytomorphologic examination of the cells exfoliated by the tumor is highly reliable, sure in ulcerated cases. The histology of malignant melanoma of the vulva does not differ from that of other sites. Metastatisation to the regional lymph nodes is frequent; 8 of our cases already had lymph node metastases when first seen. Treatment depends on the anatomical extent of the disease. In cases without lymph node metastases the data of our series seem to indicate that radiotherapy can be at least a valid alternative to surgical removal. With regard to the treatment of clinically intact regional lymph nodes, a regional approach is ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy in the event of surgical attack on the primary melanoma, whereas if the primary melanoma is to be treated by radiotherapy lymphadenectomy should be performed only if lymph node metastases appear. As to whether lymphadenectomy should be uni- or bilateral, our data indicate that the cases in which the melanoma lies on the midline (urethral meatus and clitoris) have a high incidence of bilateral metastases and so in these cases lymphadenectomy should be bilateral. On the other hand, when the labium majus is affected, unilateral lymph node dissection is sufficient. In cases with clinically detectable regional metastases enlarged vulvectomy is always indicated. Cases with distant metastases should receive chemotherapy. The drug that has so far yielded the greatest number of regressions is 5-imidazolcarboxamide. The prognosis depends on the anatomical extent of the disease. In this series 2 of the 4 cases without metastases to the regional lymph nodes are living 5 years after surgery whereas none of the 7 patients with regional metastases is alive after 5 years.
Study on the Effect of Statolon on Methylcholanthrene Oncogenesis in Mice
Authors: Gláz Ervin T.
Published: April 2018

Subcutaneous methylcholanthrene oncogenesis was produced in two strains of mice and statolon, an interferon inducer, was administered at different treatment regimens and at doses only just sufficient to induce an antiviral state in the host. No statistically significant extension of tumor appearance periods was observed.
Diagnostic Cell Pathology in Lymph Nodes Diseases
Authors: Pilotti Silvana , Rilke Franco
Published: April 2018

The investigation is based on the cytological findings in imprints, stained by the modified Papanicolaou E.A. 50 method, of 190 lymph nodes, of which 10 were normal 60 with benign diseases, 58 with malignant lymphomas and 62 with metastases. The cytological data were controlled by and correlated with histological sections. Touch preparations of lymph nodes do not present technical difficulties, are rapidly prepared and are always satisfactory. Cytological details are much better preserved and more recognizable than in histological sections but little information on lymph node organization is yielded. Imprints do not replace tissue diagnoses or even frozen sections, but under certain circumstances they may supply sufficient data for immediate diagnostic purposes, such as findings of metastatic malignant tumor cells or of Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants in lymph nodes during laparatomy for the staging of Hodgkin's disease. In addition to their supplementary diagnostic as well as teaching value, touch preparations allow minute caryological observations in malignant lymphomas. Peculiar basic nuclear structures in both well and poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas and two different nuclear types in histiocytic lymphoma are described. The variations and frequency of several cell types (reticulum cells, lymphocytes, histiocytes, Reed-Sternberg and lacunar cells) in Hodgkin's disease are described and correlated with the histologic type.
Metastatic Spread of 783 Malignant Tumors at Post-mortem Examination
Authors: Pingitore Raffaele
Published: April 2018

The distribution of metastases in 783 post-mortem examinations for malignant primary tumors has been studied. Mechanical circulatory factors are not very important in determining the sites and extent of metastatic spread. The lungs and liver are the most common sites of blood borne metastates: but when organ weight are taken into account, they fall to the sixth and ninth places respectively. Different tumors, even when their position in the blood stream is the same, have very different metastatic patterns: blood borne metastases through the general arterial circulation of cancers of the lungs and cancers of other organs whose blood is drained by the caval or portal systems, but with metastases to the lungs, are in the ratios of 3:1.5:1 respectively.
The Tumor of Endodermal Sinuses or Schiller's Mesonephroma
Authors: Urbano Ugo
Published: April 2018

A case of mesonephroma of the ovary in a 10 years old girl is presented. A review of 284 cases of mesonephroma shows that 1) ovaries, cervix and vagina are sites of predilection in this same order; 2) most of the ovarian cases occur during the puberal and menopausal period, whereas no age is preferred by the extraovaric cases; 3) death rates after 1 or 5 years are higher for the ovarian cases and for young patients.
Giant Cell Fascial Histiocytosarcoma
Authors: Filotico Marcello , Trabucco Mario
Published: April 2018

After a survey of the modern concepts regarding malignant giant cell tumors of soft tissues, the authors describe two cases that arose in the aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle following intervention for inguinal hernia. The peculiar characteristics of these tumors are discussed and compared with other malignant giant cell tumors of soft tissues. It is proposed that this particular neoplasm be called « Giant Cell Fascial Histiocytosarcoma ».
Cytostatic Therapy of Pleural Effusion Caused by Metastatic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: de Palo Giuseppe Maria , Beretta Giovanni , De Lena Mario
Published: April 2018

Effusions are a frequent complication in the course of disseminated breast cancer. Intracavitary instillation of radioactive gold, particulate irritants such as talc, alkylating agents, quinacrine, fluorouracil, bleomycin have been used for symptomatic control. The usefulness of intracavitary administration of antineoplastic agents in the management of recurrent, intractable neoplastic effusions has been evaluated in 43 patients in which 67 instillations were made and 58 were evaluable (table 1). Many drugs were used, particularly alkylating agents an HN2 and as Thio-TEPA and antimetabolite as fluorouracil (table 2). In the present series 19 of the 58 patients (32.7 %) with metastatic carcinoma of the breast had objective control of the neoplastic effusion for periods ranging from 45 to 485 days (table 2). In comparison with other methods of treatment, cytostatic therapy of pleural effusion caused by metastatic carcinoma of the breast does not produce a higher percentage of therapeutic response. Particularly talc poudrage has been employed with better results.
Determination of Benzo(a)pyrene in Mineral Tars for Pharmaceutical Use
Authors: Manzone Anna Maria , Rossi Cesare
Published: April 2018

A method for determining benzo(a)pyrene in mineral tars is described. The procedure: 1) extraction of the aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons from tar with cyclohexane, 2) separation of benzo (a) pyrene by two different thin layer chromatographic systems in succession (System I: silica gel, eluent: n-hexane-orthodichlorobenzol-pyridine 20:2:1; System II: acetylated cellulosa-alumina 1:2; eluent: ethanol-toluene-water 17:4:4), spectrophotometric assay of the hydrocarbon at 383 mμ. This procedure was used for screening samples of mineral tar for pharmaceutical use and samples of proprietaries containing mineral tar. All the tars analysed, except two, obtained with special purification procedures, proved to contain benzo (a) pyrene at concentrations ranging from 0.33 to 0.69%.