bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Yield of Solar Panels in the System of their Position Control
Authors: Rimár Miroslav , Kuna Štefan , Fedák Marcel
Published: February 2014

The contribution deals with the climatic conditions in which a solar rotatable structure with flat solar panels was placed on the roof of the building in which the Department of Process Technique is located. There was designed a control system of the structure in order to achieve an increase in efficiency of solar panels. Presented are three ways of the rotatable structure positioning. During the first measurements, the data were obtained and recorded with a fixed position of the solar panels, the second measurements were carried out while the solar panels were rotating along the ecliptic without being dependent on the actual value of the solar radiation intensity, while with the third measurements the rotation was initiated depending on the intensity of the incident solar radiation on the collectors surface. The archived data obtained from individual measurements are presented in the graphs which show the advantage of solar panels rotation in terms of achieving higher temperatures of a solar fluid and a heat transfer medium of an accumulation tank.
Real-Time Temperature On-Line Monitoring and Analysis System for Transformers
Authors: Chen Ya Bo , Sun Yue , Sun Xu Ri , Sheng Ge Hao , Jiang Xiu Chen
Published: February 2014

The safe operation of power transformers mainly depends on proper functioning of insulation, whose status is revealed by temperatures. Applying ZigBee wireless network, a real-time temperature on-line monitoring and analysis system is developed to view the operation status of underground distribution transformers and process fault diagnosis. Furthermore, using the top-oil and hot-spot temperature calculation method in IEEE Std C57.91-1995, the system can compute a prediction of those temperatures with current load ratio and ambient temperature. System will display early warnings if temperatures are much higher than expected ones, in which way insulation aging can be handled in advance. Insulation fault and big disasters will be prevented.
Study on Relay Protection Technology in Power System
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: February 2014

Relay protection devices for safe and stable operation of the power system plays a vital role. In this thesis, the transformer protection principles, in-depth analysis of the various protection principles and constitutes a transformer, transformer protection built digital simulation model protection methods, and transformers of various simulation models for simulation analysis, the study showed that a new type of power system protection technology can effectively guarantee the safety performance of the power transmission system.
A Study of Optimal Capacity Configuration with Multi-Objective for Islanded Micro-Grid
Authors: Lu Xin Yi , Huang Yang Qi , Liu Nian , Zhang Jian Hua , Huang Lin Ze
Published: February 2014

This paper investigates a method to configure capacity of different kinds of generation in an islanded micro-grid, including PVGS (PV generation system), WTGS (wind turbine generator system), ESS (Energy Storage System) and MTGS (Micro gas turbine generator system), with a diesel generator set as reserve. Based on the structure, we build a mathematical model with restraints in operation and two objectives, of which one is the annual cost of the devices and the other is the percentage of utilization of PV and wind resources. A strategy of operation based on the SOC (State of Charge) of the ESS is put forward and power the ESS get charged and discharged and generated by the MTGS is determined according to this strategy. NSGA-II is applied to solve the model. Finally, a case is addressed. This paper would provide support to construction of islanded micro-grid.
Impacts of Emission Trading on Optimal Bidding Strategies of Generation Companies in Day-Ahead Electricity Markets
Authors: Liu Guo Zhong
Published: February 2014

The impacts of Emission trading on building the optimal bidding strategy for a generation company participating in a day-ahead electricity market is investigated. The CO2 emission price in an emissions trading market is evaluated by using an optimization approach similar to the well-developed probabilistic production simulation method. Then upon the assumption that the probability distribution functions of rivals bidding are known, a stochastic optimization model for building the risk-constrained optimal bidding strategy for the generation company in the framework of the chance-constrained programming is presented. Finally, a numerical example is served for demonstrating the feasibility of the developed model and method, and the optimal bidding results are compared for the two situations with and without the CO2 emissions trading.
The Plan for Distribution Network Maintenance Based on Psobc
Authors: Shen Xue , Li Ran
Published: February 2014

With respect to the state maintenance of the distribution network facilities, an optimization model which considered the risk of facilities failure and facilities maintenance costs of distribution network maintenance was given. The grid security constraints , maintenance relational constraints and resource constraints and so on were considered in this model in order to gain the maximum payoff. In the psobc, bacterial attraction and repulsion behavior were introduced into the basic pso. By means of controlling the particle swarm diversity, the global and local search capabilities could be well balanced. The practicality and effect of the model and algorithm were verified through calculation and analysis.
Distribution Network Reliability Calculation Base on Improved Minimal Path Method
Authors: Liu Jun , Su Jian , Ma Kang , Liu Hai Tao , Wei Tao
Published: February 2014

Distribution network reliability calculation is an important function for distribution network planning and operating system software. It is also one of the earliest core function modules for distribution network calculating. This paper investigates into general-purpose distribution network reliability assessment technique. The paper improves the minimal path method for reliability assessment and solves the precision problem using general-purpose minimal path technique; the paper demonstrates an example to verify the validity of this method.
Grid-Connected Nuclear Power Plant Key Issues Summary
Authors: Wang Meng , Ding Jian , Tang Tian , Lin Zhang Sui , Hu Zhen Da , Wu Wei , Song Yun Ting , Ji Ping
Published: February 2014

The current situation of nuclear power plants at home and abroad is described, and the impact of large-scale nuclear power accessing to the grid is analyzed, specifically in the aspects of nuclear power modeling, simulation, load following, reliability, fault diagnosis, etc. Nuclear power accessing to the grid will bring a series of problems, the causes of each problem, the main solutions and future development directions are summarized.
A Novel Approach Based on Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation to Prepare Carbon Monolith with Oriented Flat Porous Structure
Authors: Xu Shun Jian , Zhao Xing Zhong , Xiao Zong Hu , Luo Yong Ping , Huang Yong , Zhong Wei , Ou Hui
Published: February 2014

A novel approach has been developed to fabricate an oriented flat porous carbon (OFPC) by combining the polymerizationinduced phase separation and pyrolysis (PIPSP) and the directional compressive deformation (DCD). At first, an elastic body in the shape of cylinder is obtained by controlling the polymerization degree of resin, and then the application of symmetrical axial pressures results in the directional deformation of two interconnected phases (of a polymerized resin phase and a poreforming agent phase) in the elastic body. Then the elastic deformed body is transformed to the rigid deformed body by precuring and further to the cured body by curing. At last, the cured body is pyrolyzed to form an OFPC. The pressures are removed after precuring. The pores in the OFPC are survived as the discs in the radial direction. Both flat pores and carbon skeletons in the OFPC are oriented toward a radial direction. The OFPC has comparable pore volume with a normal porous carbon, which is fabricated by the PIPSP with same process except for the application of the DCD.
Fabrication of Stearic Acid/Silicon Dioxide Composite Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Ying Chao
Published: February 2014

Stearic acid/silicon dioxide composite shape-stabilized phase change materials with different mass fraction of stearic acid have been successfully prepared using sol-gel methods. In such an organic/inorganic composite structure, the stearic acid was used as the filling material that is the latent heat storage phase change material (PCM), and the silicon dioxide acted as the matrix material which prevented the leakage of the melted stearic acid. The structure, morphology, thermal properties, thermal conductivity of the composite PCM were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the form-stable composite PCM has the optimal effect, preventing the leakage of stearic acid from the matrix of silicon dioxide, emerges when the composite containing 50% (mass fraction) stearic acid. The latent heat and melting temperature of the corresponding composite PCM is measured as 85.7J/g and 52.2 °C respectively. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM could be improved effectively by using silicon dioxide as a supporting material.
Removal of Sulfur from MTBE by Pervaporation Process
Authors: Lu Hui Xia , Bu Shao Feng , Wang Zhong Ping
Published: February 2014

With fog and haze increasingly severe pollution and tighter environmental legislation in China. It is urgent for refinery to reduce sulfur content in MTBE and produce cleaner fuels by deep desulfurization technology. The feasibility of pervaporation (PV) process for removal of sulfur from MTBE was investigated in this study. Adsorption capacities of three different membrane materials such as PDMS, naffion membrane with H and Na forms were compared by immersion tests. PDMS membrane showed better adsorption abilities for MTBE and disulfide. In addition, the adsorption of PDMS membrane in pure MTBE and dimethyldisulfide solution were investigated at 308.15K and 313.15K. It was indicated that increasing operation temperature facilitated to increase the adsorption amount and decrease the time for reaching adsorption equilibration. This research has guiding significance for removal of sulfur from MTBE by PV process.
Biodiesel Synthesis from Styrax Tonkinensis Catalyzed by S2O82-/ZrO2-TiO2-Fe3O4
Authors: Wang Yi Gang , Nie Xiao An , Liu Zhen Xing
Published: February 2014

The preparation of biodiesel from Styrax Tonkinensis catalyzed by solid acid S2O82-/ZrO2-TiO2-Fe3O4 at an autoclave was studied in this paper. The magnetic catalysts were characterized by XRD, which explained the high catalytic effect. At the same time, the recovery rate and usage count of catalysts were also studied. And the results showed that a high yield of transesterification can be obtained in a closed autoclave at the condition of catalyst amount 5 %, reaction time 1.5 h, reaction temperature 373K and methanol and oil molar ratio 10:1. The results also showed that the catalysts were still with a higher catalytic efficiency when the catalysts were calcinated after the forth usage.
On-Line Analysis of the Condensable Products of Biomass High Temperature Pyrolysis
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Xiao Dong , Sun Lai Zhi , Xie Xin Ping , Zhao Bao Feng , Si Hong Yu
Published: February 2014

High temperature pyrolysis of sawdust was achieved by using the analytical Py-GC/MS technique which allowed the on-line analysis of the pyrolysis product.The experiments at the different temperatures (700-1000°C) and the different mass ratios of CaO to sawdust (0%,10%,30%,50%) were carried out,respectively. At different temperatures, the distribution of condensable products considerably changed. At 700°C,the aromatic hydrocarbon yield were 0.9% of the total peak area. However, the aromatic hydrocarbon yield reached 59.4% of the total peak area at 1000°C, which might be due to the occurrence of the condensation polymerization at high temperature. CaO had a positive effect on decreasing the yield of the condensable products of sawdust pyrolysis, but did not remarkably change the distribution of the condensable products.
Study of a New Kind Compound Inhibitor
Authors: Fan Sheng Ping , Su Wei
Published: February 2014

It has a significant practical value to research a compound inhibitor for low temperature for the protecting of power plant devices with low working-temperature. In this paper, a new kind of film-forming inhibitor based on octadecylamine for low temperature has been proposed. Coupon test has been taken with autoclave simulating the on-site water-vapor environment; the film-forming effect of the metal specimen has been evaluated by hydrophobic test, acid copper sulfate drip test and AC impedance test. The result shows that the inhibitor filmed well after compounded, and has an important practical value.
Simulation Research on Performance of IGCC System with Brown Coal/Liquid CO2 Slurry Feed
Authors: Zhang Zhi Xiao , Wang Shuang Wu
Published: February 2014

A simulation research on IGCC process adopting the technique of coal/liquid CO2 (CO2(l)) slurry was proposed. A model of a brown coal slurry fed IGCC system with CO2 capture unit was developed in ASPEN Plus. This model was used to investigate the thermal performance of the IGCC process under different operating conditions. Three kinds of Chinese brown coal were employed in this work. The simulation results show excellent performance of IGCC system when brown coal/CO2(l) slurry feed in gasification system. Enhanced carbon conversion rate and net plant efficiency can be observed with less coal consumption meanwhile. H2O/CO ratio decreases because of more CO and less H2O in the syngas with brown coal /CO2(l) slurry feeding. The net CO2 output from IGCC system also decreases as the advantage of CO2 capture and reuse in coal/CO2(l) slurry.
Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem with Maintenance Activities Considering Energy Consumption
Authors: Song Wen Jia , Zhang Chao Yong , Lin Wen Wen , Shao Xin Yu
Published: February 2014

With the developing of industry, the topic of energy-saving is attracting more and more attentions. However, the attentions have focused primarily on the design activities of the firm. The planning/scheduling activities of manufacturing are neglected. In this paper, a mathematical model, which considers the energy consumption and preventive maintenance of equipment in the flexible job shop, is established, three objectives, such as the minimization of maximum completion time, the minimization of total production energy costs and the minimization of total energy costs of maintenance that are quantized by electricity, are taken into account. The algorithm of NSGA-II is presented to solve the optimization model, and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Application of Renewable Energy in the Building Energy Efficiency
Authors: Sun Jian Mei , Liu Yun Zhao
Published: February 2014

For China's energy circumstances, the high building energy situation and its impact on the environment issue, This article reviewed the current status of building energy efficiency and the significance of renewable energy used in building energy efficiency. The main forms of solar and geothermal energy etc applied in building energy efficiency are described detailedly. Cost, technology and other problems in the application process are pointed. At last some recommendations are referred to Improve the using efficiency of renewable energy,mattering the local conditions, researching the new technology and other aspects.
Design and Energy Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Windows with Nanotechnology Convergence Type
Authors: Choi Gyeong Seok , Kim Tae Jung , Kang Jae Sik , Choi Hyun Jung
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study, including an aluminum frame high efficiency window system is to develop and validate. In this study, simulation program based on the Window and Therm simulation program, aluminum frame profile, thermal bridges through optimization design of barrier efficiency of the 6type aluminum window system was constructed. In the results of high-efficiency windows system performance assessment, U value 0.8 ~ 1.1W/m2·K, air-tightness performance ratings of 1 showed the windows energy efficiency rating that meets the Class 1 or 2 ratings showed. This study is based on an aluminum frame with a high-efficiency windows were secure system design technology, future public housing, commercial buildings is expected to be applied to a variety of buildings.
A Fuzzy Scheduling Methodology for Energy R&D Projects
Authors: Yi Chang Sheng , Gao Jian Bing , Guan Xue Bin
Published: February 2014

The efficient management of energy research and development (R&D) projects is important to reduce the required the development time and cost. However, each development project is unique and innovational in nature and the duration of activities involved in an energy R&D project often cannot be predicted accurately. The uncertainty of activity duration may lead to incorrect scheduling decisions. The objective of this paper is to develop a fuzzy scheduling methodology to deal with these problems. Fuzzy variables theory is used to model the uncertain and flexible temporal information. A fuzzy scheduling algorithm with depth-first search is developed to find the possible critical paths based on fuzzy expected value simulation. A numerical example with solar photovoltaics development project is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the methodology.
Prediction on Chinas Coal Supply Based on Changeable Weight Combination Forecasting Model
Authors: Song Yu Chen , Li Xiao Bing , Meng Hai Dong , Yang Zhen Hua
Published: February 2014

The paper uses the changeable weight combination forecasting model that combines GM (1, 1) model and regression model to predict the coal supply of China. Firstly, briefly introduce the basic principles of the GM (1, 1) model, regression model and changeable weight combination forecasting model. Secondly, use the three models to predict the total amount of coal supply of China. Finally the research shows that the changeable weight combination forecasting model can improve the prediction accuracy, at the same time the relevant recommendations are given according to the prediction results.
Driving Force and Influence of Habitat Conditions on Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) Drift in Source Water
Authors: Hou Fang Dong , Wang Fang , Nie Xiao Bao
Published: February 2014

Excessive propagation of Tubifex tubifex in eutrophic source water can result in the emergence of them in the drinking water plant, which has been a troublesome problem in recent years. Our objectives were to investigate the driving force of drift and quantify the influence of temperature and DO on the worm drift. Results showed that one of the major driving forces of the worm drift was water flow, which exhibited its effect by direct shear stress on the worm or inducing sediment suspension. The worm drift rates were increased with the decrease of temperature and DO content. The results confirmed that worm drift from sediment to overlying water, which was induced by water flow and could be influenced by temperature, DO content and sediment property was the main cause of worm pollution in drinking water plant.
Response of Stomatal Conductance to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Leaves of Four Trees at the Campus of Shandong University
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Xiao Guang , Zhang Gui Zhai , Hou Xue Wei , Li Xiao Ming
Published: February 2014

Response of gas exchange to VPD in leaves of four trees (Prunus serrulata, Prunus lannesiana, Populus deltoides I-69 (I-69) and Populus × euramericana Neva (I-107)) at the campus of Shandong University in Jinan, Shandong Province were measured. The result showed that: the stomatal conductance increased with increasing VPD, and gs reached gs-max at intermediate VPD, and a steady decline in gs with further increases in VPD. This response pattern was fitted by a parabolic curve (gs=aD2+bD+c, D=VPD, R2>0.52). The gs-max at intermediate VPD with changing VPD showed that there was an optimal VPD (or RH) to plants. Therefore, while VPD (or RH) was higher or lower than the optimal VPD (or RH) of plant, gs would decrease. The response of gs to VPD in I-69 and I-107 were much more sensitive than P. serrulata and P. lannesiana.
Forecasting of Ecological Risk of Heavy Metal Contamination to the Tidal Flat of Yalu River Estuary by Using Markov Chain Grey Model
Authors: Meng Zhao Rong , Li Li , Du Chun Lin , Chen Yu Long
Published: February 2014

From January 2012 to April 2013, the heavy metal contents of Venerupis variegata which was used as bio-indicator were determined by using incomplete digestion - AAS method. The correlation of the heavy metals between the surface sediments and the Venerupis variegata was analyzed by using Pearson method and Markov chain model. The potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution was evaluated in the Yalu River estuary. The results showed that the recovery rate was from 94.3 to 107.2%, RSD<4.3% and the correlation coefficients of Cd, Pb and Cr were 0.9175, 0.8911, 0.8146, when the samples were digested with the mixed acid at 90 - 120°C
A Study on Sustainable Development of Yunnan Bamboo Industry
Authors: Hui Chao Mao , Hui Yu , Yang Xiong Yi , Chen Fang
Published: February 2014

Due to the special geographical position and the diversified habitats, there are rich Bamboo Resources in Yunnan, and Yunnan is one of the areas in the world with the most abundant bamboo species, ecological types, and natural bamboo forests. In this paper, the bamboo resources, bamboo industry and sustainable development of Yunnan are systematically studied.
The Characteristics of Bamboo Germplasm Resources and its Conservation from Yunnan, China
Authors: Hui Chao Mao , Liang Ni , Yang Xiong Yi , Chen Fang
Published: February 2014

The germplasm resources of bamboos is very rich in Yunnan. Though the reaserch of bamboo diversity conservation is just beginning today, the insitu conservation, developing nature reserve, and exsitu conservation, setting up bamboos garden, have got a great achievement. The period of bamboo flowering is longer and the fruitification rate is lower, so the Collestion of seeds is difficulty. The flowering, fruitting of some bamboos and its seeds collectiong, storage and utilization are introduced in this paper.
Response of Sugar Beet to Salinity during the Stages of Seedling Emergence and Plant Growth
Authors: Liu Yan , Fu Ting Ting , Sui Na , Ding Tong Lou , Du Xi Hua , Song Jie , Wang Bao Shan
Published: February 2014

The effect of NaCl on seedling emergence, plant growth and ion accumulation for two sugar beet cultivars was evaluated. The result showed that seedling emergence in Tianyan309 was much lower than that in KWS3418 in the initial 6 days. High salinity markedly decreased final seedling emergence in both cultivars, especially in Tianyan309, while salinity had no adverse effect on total seedling emergence after the recovery experiment in both cultivars. Low salinity (86 mM NaCl) had no significant effect on shoot and root dry weights, while 171 and 257 mM NaCl inhibited shoot and root dry weights of two cultivars, especially for KWS3418. Concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in leaves were increased with increasing NaCl in both cultivars. There was no significant difference between two cultivars in concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the leaves at different concentrations of NaCl, except that Cl- concentration in leaves of Tianyan309 was lower than that in KWS3418 at 257 mM NaCl. The characteristic of Cl- uptake and/or accumulation may relate to different salt tolerance of KWS3418 and Tianyan309.
A Study on Kinetic Changes when Applying Vibratory Stimulation on Somatosensory for Gait
Authors: Park Min Hwa , So Ha Ju , Kim Seong Hyun , Kim Dong Wook
Published: February 2014

The gait disorder system for the elderly that applies external stimulation often shows only limited patient outcomes, while prescribed medicines or physical therapies performed by professional therapists are effective in improving sensory functions and the ability to walk of the elderly. One alternative that could be considered in solving this problem is applying additional stimulation from outside of the body onto the sensory receptors distributed on the skin, inducing improvement in the ability to walk and in other motor capabilities that allow the elderly to perform routine tasks. The purpose of this study is to measure the reactions of the body to stimulation applied to the somatosensory system, which is related to the surface of the human body, and to apply such measurements to improve one's ability to walk.
Study on Fermentation Regularity of Lingwu Long Jujubes at Different Maturity
Authors: Chen Lan , Wang Teng Yue , Li Xi Hong , Ma Zhan Ru , Li Qi , Hao Mei Mei , Li Yao Yao , Huang Xin Hong , Chen Huan Huan
Published: February 2014

The experiment was carried to study the fermentation regularity of different maturity, so as to provide theoretical basis for the effective storage of Lingwu long jujubes. The results showed that with the increase of maturity, the fermentation rate of fruits also increased, and the fermentation rate of eight, nine, ten mature fruits had significant differences, and the seven, eight mature were not. Based on the fermentation regularity and other quality indicators, the conclusion was that the storage of Lingwu long jujubes should be appropriate to eight mature jujube.
Analysis and Prediction of the Tertiary Industry in Beijing of China Based on System Dynamics Model
Authors: Yang Li Yun , He Ying
Published: February 2014

The tertiary industry in Beijing has won rapid development. In 2010, GDP proportion of the tertiary industry has reached 75%, while the energy consumption of the tertiary industry accounted for 55.4% of the total consumption in Beijing. With the economy development of Beijing, the GDP proportion of the tertiary industry will increase further, thus, the energy saving of the tertiary industry is rather imperative. Based on the corresponding data of economy and energy consumption of Beijing from 2005 to 2010, in this study the system dynamics model was proposed to analyze and predict the energy consumption of the tertiary industry of Beijing in 2015.
Hierarchical Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for CBM Favorable Areas in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan
Authors: Guo Le Le , Tang Da Zhen , Xu Hao , Li Song , Meng Yan Jun
Published: February 2014

In order to select favorable coal bed methane (CBM) areas in western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan, 5 typical mining areas were used to estimate. Based on physical properties, reservoir capacity and coal geological features, coal reservoirs evaluation model was constructed through hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that: coal reservoirs were divided into 4 types, and among them, type I was the best reservoir which was mainly distributed in the western part of Zhina and Gemudi, the southeast of Panguan, and the northern part of Enhong and Laochang.
Micro-Pore Characteristics and its Control Factors Analysis of Chang81 Reservoir of Huanjiang Area
Authors: Li Bing Xi , Cao Yuan Ting , Ma Wen Zhong
Published: February 2014

Micro-pore characteristics and its control factors are analyzed according to mercury penetration, physical property parameters, flake observation and scanning electron microscopy, etc. Studies show that Chang81 reservoir is ultra-low permeability, its main pore types are intergranular pore and feldspar dissolved pore, its main pore throat types are low porosity, fine throat to micro-fine throat. Diagenesis stage of Chang 81 reservoir is situated in the diagenetic stage B. compaction mainly reduce the pore space, while the micro-cracks caused by compaction can be good reservoir space; ferrocalcite cement, Chlorite coating and kaolinite would destroy the reservoir space by filling in the primary pores and secondary pores; hydration of feldspar would destroy the reservoir space, while dissolution of feldspar would improve the reservoir space; dissolution of feldspar is the most favorable diagenesis.
Remaining Oil Distribution and Development of Chao64 Block in Chaoyanggou Oilfield
Authors: Xu Qi
Published: February 2014

Effective comprehensive logging, seismic fine prediction of structure and sand body, analysis of remaining oil controlling factors and distribution, is the precondition for remaining oil development in high water cut oilfield during the middle and later periods of the development. Based on combination of fine well and seismic fine structure and sand body prediction research, this article analyzes main control factors and distribution regularity of remaining oil in the block. Through the analysis, the structure and reservoir heterogeneity affected the distribution of remaining oil in the Fuyu oil layer in the Chao 64 block, the distribution of remaining oil in the plane, interlayer and layer showed different distribution characteristic. The remaining oil mainly distributed in the reverse faulting footwall high structure position, injection production faultiness part, and micro range structural high position, inter well isolated sand body development area.
Water Saturation Model Optimization after Polymer Flooding
Authors: Yan Shu
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the conducting model which is more suitable to describe the reservoir in the process of polymer flooding was selected, according to the reservoir properties. Based on the polymer solution conductance laws and the polymer flooding rock resistivity experiments, by injecting various types of polymers and water with different salinities, the rock resistivity change rule was studied. The change rule of the Archie model parameters in the polymer flooding process was analyzed and the accuracy of the dual water model was analyzed by means of the Litho-electric experiment data. On the basis of rock physical property analysis data, combined with the actual logging rules, the parameters interpretation model of porosity, permeability, irreducible water saturation and shale content were established. Using the core analyze data to contrast the practical application effect of the interpretation model, the result show that, the conclusion of the model corresponds to reality.
Analysis of Sedimentary Facies Model - The Cretaceous Bottom Conglomerate of Xinjiang Junggar Basinludong Area as an Example
Authors: Xiao Bin , Li Jun , Fan Yu Hua
Published: February 2014

This paper aims to Cretaceous bottom conglomerate facies of Xinjiang Ludong area of China research to elucidate the deposition pattern analysis phase, as well as the use of methods. Methods first take logging combined with tectonic pattern and sedimentary background, division comparing in Ludong area of Cretaceous basal conglomerate unit. Secondly, the application of modern sedimentology theory, method, system analysis of lithologic characteristics of this area and sedimentary structure feature. According to the logging facies analysis, summarized the various sedimentary facies marks, distinguishing different sedimentary types, ultimately determine the sedimentary facies.
The Shallow-Water Delta Deposit and Exploration Significance in Huanghekou Depression
Authors: Yu Hong Zhong , Wang Jiao
Published: February 2014

As a new kind of deposition system, the shallow-water delta deposit is accepted increasingly by exploration workers in Bohai oil field. In the oil-gas exploration process, more and more evidence about the existence of shallow-water delta was discovered, such as palaeophyte, mudstone characteristic, log response and so on. From the perspective of sequence stratigraphy, the author of this article analyze the causes of shallow-water delta and think that the water-depth change is the major factor that control the throughgoing of shallow-water deltaic sands body; And summarizes the unique characteristic of shallow-water delta which is different to the common delta deposit. Compared to the traditional fluvial sediments, the deposition system of shallow-water delta has better combination of reservoir and cap and superior condition of oil and gas accumulation, and provide more reliable safeguard to shallow layer oil-gas exploration, especially to lithologic reservoirs exploration.
Diversity and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Horizontal Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands with Different Vegetation and Substrate
Authors: Yu Xue Cen , Zhang Ming Xiao , Wen Yue , Zhou Qi
Published: February 2014

The diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was investigated in three different types of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, reed (Phragmites australis)/gravel bed (W1), hybrid vegetation {reed, cattail (Typha latifolia), bulrush (Scirpus validus)}/gravel bed (W2) and reed/hybrid substrates bed (gravel, zeolite, slag) (W3). The investigation of community structures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria revealed that the types of macrophytes , substrate and space distributions had significant influence on the microbial community. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria detected were all inculturable, and belonged to Nitrosomonas spp.
Cutting Roof Roadway Regional Stress Characteristics Numerical Analysis of Thin Coal Seam Group
Authors: Liu Zhen Wen , Qin Tao
Published: February 2014

The stress state characteristic of the cutting roof roadway region was simulated and analyzed by FLAC3D. The results showed that the low side of return airway and gas roadway had higher vertical stress while the horizontal stress concentration was obviously in floor and low side of the return airway, the stress of cutting roof roadway was obviously, thus the level of rock burst hazard increased. range of stress concentration are 5~10m when using cutting roof roadway, thus distance between two cutting roof roadway are no less than 20m, to avoid stress concentration regions by two adjacent cutting roof roadway superposition.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Rock Burst Induced by Roof Movement
Authors: Qin Tao , Liu Yong Li , Dong Chang Ji , Wang Ping
Published: February 2014

For composite thick seams have been incidents burst power disasters, and seriously affect the safety of the mine production.Based on the engineering background in coal mine, through the same mining conditions, stope mining process simulation which happens in single hard coal, soft coal and single composite thick Coal Seam of Island face were studied through comparative analysis by FLAC3D　numerical simulation technology. Tendency and trend of the pressure distribution results obtain through the comparative analysis . The research results has been applied in the actual coal mining.
Research on the Rules of Overlying Rock Movement by Similar Material Simulation in Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Mining with High Cutting Height
Authors: Liu Jin Kai , Dong Chao , Zhang Shi Qing , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2014

In order to study overlying rock movement rules of fully mechanized top coal caving mining with high cutting height, taking 8100 working face of Tongxin mine as the engineering background, basing on the similarity theory and similarity simulation experiment, the paper analyzed overlburdens deformation, failure and movement laws after mining. Through research, results obtained first cave pace of immediate and basic roof, three zones characteristics and overburden displacement characteristic, which could provide a basis for coal mining under similar conditions, a reference for studying overburden movement rules of fully mechanized top coal caving mining with high cutting height and a guide for safe production.
Stability Analysis of Gob Roof and Rock Movement Prediction
Authors: Gong Jian , Hu Nai Lian , Cui Xiang
Published: February 2014

In order to analyze the stability of the gob roof, the RMR rock mass classification was used for rock quality evaluation to calculate the rock condition and the collapse possibility of the gob roof was proved by the results of the 3D FEM numerical analysis, thus took the-140m level as an example, the monitoring scheme for the gob roof movement was designed, then the time series prediction was analyzed for rock movement. Based on the results of predicting data, the rock movement value of the gob roof was increasing gradually, supporting scheme should be formulated to control the rock movement value.
The Practice and Innovation of Coal Dust Control Technology in Comprehensive Tunneling Face
Authors: Zhu Xue Jun , Zhang Hai Yun , Wang Yin
Published: February 2014

According to the characteristics of the tunneling working face dust, the digging machine spray and airflow purifying water curtain linkage automatic spraying dust settling technology, improved the precipitator, research and application of high pressure spray technology, make the tunneling working surface has good dust fall effect, to ensure the workers health and safety in production of coal mine.
Geological Characteristics and Implementation Results under Tight Layer's Mixed Water Fracturing in Ordos Basin
Authors: Wang Meng , Hu Rui , Shen Tian Dan , Lu Ming Xu , Han Bo Wen
Published: February 2014

The efficient development of tight oil exploration and development domestic and foreign has been a difficult, hot issues, using conventional reservoir reconstruction process, the yield increase is limited. Ordos Basin in the Chang 7 layers of tight oil reserves on behalf of a large scale, widely distributed, in order to reinforce to achieve fifty million tons of Changqing Oilfield stable long-term strategic objectives of the resource base and improve the tight oil well production, faced with enormous challenges. For Changqing Oilfield tight reservoir geological features, learn from foreign experience in tight oil development success, positive change in Changqing Oilfield reservoir reconstruction,approach to volume fracturing as a concept, greatly contributed to the Chang 7 represented tight reservoir of cost effective development, the effect is significant, strategic breakthrough.
Study on Simulation of Heavy Metal Transport in Soil Using PHREEQC
Authors: Ji Shu Hua , Wu Mei Ling
Published: February 2014

This paper looked back on the current situation about simulation using PHREEQC of heavy metal transport in soil and the current situation of coupling with other value simulation software. On such a base, the feasibility, advantages and problems of heavy metal reactive solute transport in soil using PHREEQC were discussed.
Theoretical Model and Application of Nodal Analysis in Layered Water Flooding Regime - Take Bi-Layer Reservoir as an Example
Authors: Wang Lei , Qin Guo Wei , Wang Rui , Xu Wen Bo , Gao Rui , Guo Ri Xin , Fan Ying Bin
Published: February 2014

A bi-layer mathematical model of nodal analysis under the condition of separate layer injection-production has been set up on the study of inflow performance relationship between injectors and producers, horizontal flow, vertical flow, choke flow etc., according to nodal analysis principle. In theory, this method can be used to determine reasonable working system of injectors and producers, and can be optimized the allocation and injection allocation, and can also be made water flooding regime in its optimum condition.
Strategy Research on Sustainable Development of Urban Form in Western Sichuan Plain
Authors: Yang Chun Yan , Gao Bo , Peng Yi Min
Published: February 2014

the paper aims to summarize a sustainable development mode that adapts to geographical characteristics through the research of urban spatial form in Western Sichuan Plain. The paper uses empirical and comparative research methods to summarize the urban spatial form in Western Sichuan Plain, and proposes three sustainable development strategies. The research conclusions can offers a reference for the study on sustainable development strategy of urban space in Western Sichuan Plain in the future.
Research of Contradiction between Energy Use and Industrial Development of Underdeveloped Regions in Northwest - Yinchuan City in Ningxia Autonomous Region as an Example
Authors: Dong Qian
Published: February 2014

Industrialization brings great pressure to the construction of urban ecological environment. Yinchuan of Ningxia, located in the northwest economic underdeveloped regions, has good energy supply conditions. Unreasonable energy consumption structure and energy utilization way leads to massive energy consumption. Give some prediction for the possible future energy demand mode, and give suggestion on aspects of the urban heating and the development of energy industry planning.
Study on Hair Dyeing Wastewater by Fenton Oxidation Method
Authors: Yin Jun , Liu Wei , Kai Yan , Wang Wan Yao , Liang Liang
Published: February 2014

Hair dyeing wastewater is produced in coloring process. Its composition is complicated,in which contains a large number of organic pollutants and high color. Hair dyeing wastewater treatment can be effectively treated by Fenton oxidation method. The experiment results show that hair dyeing wastewater is treated by Fenton oxidation in this thesis. Fenton reagent is affected by hair dyeing wastewater, pH reaction time and many other factors. When raw water COD is 3800mg/L and chroma is 1210 times, by using Fenton oxidation method determine best experimental conditions: concentration of H2O2 is 24.5ml（30%H2O2), pH value is 3.0, nH2O2/nFe2+ is 7, reaction time is 60 min. Under the reaction condition , experimental results show that COD and color removal rates were 91.2% and 93.2% in hair dyeing wastewater by Fenton oxidation.
Analysis and Prevention Measures of Pollution Sources in Modern Architecture
Authors: Zhao Yu Ling
Published: February 2014

With the fulfillment of pollution into our life, environmental protection has received significant attention of the whole world. The building indoor pollution affects peoples health directly or indirectly, as building decorations use extra composite materials, which release amounts of formaldehyde or carbon dioxide and are sources of some diseases. Thus, in order to meet the modern building standards, the following measures should be taken to control indoor pollution: building structure design, control of pollution sources, ventilation system design, application of green building materials, and indoor afforest, etc.
Current Situation of Energy and Indoor Environment in Rural Buildings of Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Tian Tian , Tan Yu Fei , Zhang Xue Dan , Niu Chuan Kai
Published: February 2014

Due to the low levels of the design and construction technology in the countryside of northern cold region, energy consumption and indoor environment in rural residential buildings cannot be controlled effectively, which becomes one of the most prominent problems in rural energy efficiency and emission reduction. To learn the present situation of energy consumption and indoor environment in rural buildings, this paper adopts the method of field investigation and data analysis to analyze the building envelopes situation and the energy structure. Besides, indoor temperature and humidity field test and pollutant concentration test are carried out in heating period. Summarizing the problems and analyzing the reasons for the high energy consumption poor indoor environment, improvement strategies are put forward. The result will supply technical support for rural residential energy consumption and indoor comfort of rural residential buildings in the cold regions.
Ecological Civilization Construction in China：Origins, Concepts and Paths
Authors: Hu Yong Jun
Published: February 2014

This paper is a first step towards articulating a Chinese version of ecological civilization construction (short for ECC). Three major intellectual sources of ecological civilization are identified and the constraints from resources and environment on economic development are emphasized. The concept framework of ECC contains four aspects: the subjects, the objects, the means and the scope. The subjects have five main types: the governments, the entrepreneurs, the families, the NGOs and other mixed ones. The objects involve in various type of ecosystems.The means can be used by education, plan, institution, technology and fund. The scope is stratified five spatial levels: the earth, the nations, the regions, the prefectures, and the communities. Moreover, four paths of ECC are highlighted: resources conservation and saving, environmental protection and improvement, ecological protection and restoration and territorial development and protection.
Characterization and Evaluation of Soil Erosion in Shenzhen: Using Environmental Radionuclides
Authors: Li Jun Jie , Li Ding Qiang , Zhuo Mu Ning
Published: February 2014

Nuclear tracer technology is quantitative and it has a high priority, which provides a unique method for understanding the mechanism of urban soil and water loss.137Cs +210Pbexcombination tracer was applied to study the characterization and evaluation of soil Erosion in Shenzhen. The results indicate that the following: 1)Disturbances from urbanization has greatly changed surface soil in Shenzhen.137Cs background inventory in Shenzhen range at 99 Bq/m2-653 Bq/m2. 2)210Pbexbackground inventory increase with altitude rise, which is attributed to the movement of water vapor. 3)Soil erosion in Shenzhen has a wide distribution area and exacerbated by severe human disturbance. Land development and steep orchard are key factors that influence urban soil and water loss. 4)Shenzhen should strictly carry out projects for soil and water conservation, such as returning steep slopes into forests and grasslands, and other ecological management reforms.
Effects of Elevated CO2 and O3 Concentrations on Isoprenoid Emissions from Pinus tabulaeformis
Authors: Li De Wen , Shi Yi , He Xing Yuan , Zu Yuan Gang
Published: February 2014

Isoprene and monoterpenes have indirect effects on ozone concentration, methane lifetime and aerosol formation. At the same time, the atmospheric composition change (reflected in elevated CO2and O3concentrations) can affect the speciation of monoterpenes / isoprenoids and magnitude of isoprene and monoterpenes fluxes. Ambient concentrations of CO2and O3were 342 μmolmol-1and 40 nmolmol-1, respectively. The effects of elevated CO2(700 μmolmol-1) and O3(80 nmolmol-1) concentrations on isoprenoid emission rates and patterns fromPinustabulaeformiswere studied in open top chambers (OTCs). The released volatiles were quantified by thermal desorption and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The study showed that α-pinene was the main compound emitted from Ptabulaeformis, accounting for more 51.5 - 72.6% of the detected volatile compounds. The emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes were reduced in response to elevated CO2concentrations. Exposure to elevated O3for 3 years significantly promoted the isoprene and monoterpenes emissions (p<0.05). Compared with ambient, elevated O3concentration increased isoprene emission from Ptabulaeformisby about 270.5 ± 13.5%. The response of monoterpene emission to elevated O3may vary during the course of exposure to the pollutant. The patterns of monoterpene and isoprene emissions under combined elevated CO2and O3concentrations were similar to those under elevated CO2concentration alone.