bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una biología desmatematizada: el caso de la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Authors: Guerra Meza Omar
Published: March 2023

Existe una tendencia marcada hacia la reducción o eliminación de asignaturas relacionadas al desarrollo del pensamiento analítico o a la crítica social en los programas educativos que ofrecen las instituciones de educación superior. En el caso específico de la Licenciatura en Biología ofertada por la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente se observa la reducción de asignaturas relacionadas al área de matemáticas. Este fenómeno, impulsado por los profesores que forman parte de la academia del programa, tiene como trasfondo el cumplimiento de una agenda neoliberal que propicia la capitalización de la educación, la mercantilización de las instituciones y la tecnificación de los profesionistas, así como la propagación de ideologías respecto a los saberes y habilidades del biólogo.
A Retrospective Study Comparing Operative Time Between Single-Glove Port Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Conventional Multiport Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecology Diseases: Hospital-Based Study in Thailand
Authors: Chirdchim Watcharin , Wannako Saroch
Published: March 2023

Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy is popular today. Using a 3- to 4-port for laparoscopic hysterectomy. But laparoscopic hysterectomy can be done by using a single-modified glove port. It was found to have good performance and low price.
Objective: To compare operative time and other surgical outcomes between single-glove port laparoscopic hysterectomy (SGPLH) and conventional multiport laparoscopic hysterectomy (MPLH).
Methods: A retrospective study, data were extracted from medical records of patients diagnosed with benign gynecologic diseases and underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy at Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand from February 2016 to April 2021.
Results: A total of 125 patients were divided into 2 groups 65 (52%) in the SGPLH group and 60 (48%) in the MPLH group. The operative time of SGPLH was significantly shorter than conventional MPLH (mean [SD], 96 [31.35] vs 161.4 [57.37] minutes; P < .001). There was significant difference between 2 groups in terms of previous abdominal surgery (P = .01). In multivariate regression analysis, independent factors correlated with operative time were type of laparoscopic operation (P < .001), additional procedure of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (P = .02), unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (P = .01), and complication with bladder injury (P = .03).
Conclusions: The operative time of SGPLH is shorter than the conventional MPLH. SGPLH is also feasible and economical for patients with symptomatic benign gynecologic diseases.
Teacher Self-Efficacy, Innovativeness, and Preparation to Teach Cross-Curriculum Skills
Authors: Sodergren Celeste D.C. , Kettler Todd , Sulak Tracey , Payne Anna
Published: March 2023

Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) is related to teachers’ job satisfaction, retention, motivation to improve, and work-related stress. Using data from the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), we investigated the impact of an innovative campus culture and preparation for teaching cross-curriculum skills on TSE. Data indicated that working at innovative campuses had small effects on TSE in classroom management (β = .12), instruction (β = .06), and student engagement (β = .17). Teachers’ preparation to teach cross-curriculum skills had small to medium effects on TSE in classroom management (β = .20), instruction (β = .34), and student engagement (β = .30).
Особливості динаміки таксаційних показників і стану лісів у Придонецькому Степу в контексті зміни клімату
Authors: Приходько О. Б. , Пастернак В. П. , Пивовар Т. С. , Яроцький В. Ю. , Лялін О. І.
Published: March 2023

Виявлено особливості динаміки показників лісового фонду за 15-річний період у Придонецькому Степу України (на прикладі ДП «Лиманське лісове господарство», Донецька область) за даними лісовпорядкування та базою даних «Лісовий фонд». Простежено динаміку стану насаджень за даними моніторингу лісів. Проаналізовано кліматичні показники регіону досліджень за останні 60 років. Лісові насадження підприємства є типовими для регіону: переважають соснові (Pinus sylvestris L.) (57,4 % за площею) та дубові (Quercus robur L.) (17,8 %) деревостани. За останні 15 років площа соснових деревостанів дещо зменшилася, переважно внаслідок санітарних рубок в ослаблених та всихаючих деревостанах, а площа листяних порід і чагарників збільшилася. Кліматичні показники свідчать про тенденцію потепління та аридизації умов місцезростання, а дані моніторингу – про тенденцію погіршення стану соснових лісів.
Дубові насадження ДП «Харківська ЛНДС» та особливості формування природного поновлення в них
Authors: Румянцев М. Г. , Кобець О. В. , Лук’янець В. А. , Мостепанюк А. А.
Published: March 2023

Проведено аналіз дубових лісів (розподіл за категоріями лісів, типами лісу, походженням та групами віку) і досліджено особливості їхнього природного відновлення на прикладі насаджень державного підприємства «Харківська лісова науково-дослідна станція». Надано характеристику сучасного стану дубових насаджень. Проаналізовано кількісний і якісний стан природного поновлення дуба звичайного та інших господарсько цінних порід під наметом природних дубових насаджень різного віку, складу й повноти в роки, що характеризувалися дуже слабким плодоношенням дуба (бал плодоношення 1 за шкалою Каппера). Наведено вікову та висотну характеристики підросту господарсько цінних порід, а також визначено рівномірність розміщення його на площі. Виявлено залежність загальної кількості підросту від віку дубових насаджень та їхньої повноти. Виявлені особливості розподілу підросту господарсько цінних порід за групами віку та висот. Характер його розміщення на площі доцільно враховувати під час відбору ділянок старовікових дубових насаджень із орієнтуванням на їхнє відновлення в майбутньому природним насіннєвим шляхом.
Exploring the Influence of a Paddle Intensifier on the Completeness of Separation
Authors: Gadzhiev P.I.
Published: March 2023

The results of a comparative agrotechnical assessment of the most significant factors that determine the completeness of separation of the separating working body of potato harvesters with an installed intensifier in the form of a pressure conveyor are presented. An analysis of the results showed that in this case, the completeness of separation on waterlogged soils is over 90%.
Dosing Mixer for Dry Bulk Materials
Authors:   NGIEU, Bulatov S.Yu. , Zykin A.A. ,   Vyatka State University, Mironov K.E. ,   NGIEU, Sergeev A.G. ,   Doza-Agro, Shkilev N.P. ,   NGIEU
Published: March 2023

A design of a mixer for dry bulk components is proposed. The container for the feed mixture rotates, and the components are fed from the storage hopper through the unloading windows made in the form of sectors. Unloading is carried out by gravity or forcibly coils. Three variants of coils are considered. A mathematical expression is presented for calculating the volumes of coil grooves, based on their design features.
New Methods for Determining the Area of the Contact Surface of Tires of Agricultural Machines and Tractors
Authors:   Rosinformagrotekh, Revenko V.Yu.
Published: March 2023

The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for estimating the size of the tire contact patch are considered, new methods for determining the area of the contact surface of tires of agricultural machines and tractors (the "pixel count" method and the method for converting a raster image of a print into a vector format) are presented.
Ensuring the Accuracy of Technological Equipment of Technical Service Enterprises
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Komarov V.A. , Anyaykin P.A. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Burlankov S.P. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: March 2023

The dependences of the accuracy parameters of technological equipment are obtained. From the point of view of predicting the durability parameters of the machine, the process of loading the assembly and the stiffness characteristics obtained as a result of studying its stress-strain state is described. The research results make it possible to predict the change in the parameters of the technological equipment nodes.
Wind-Solar Power Plants for Farms
Authors:   Kuban SAU, Grigorash O.V. , Denisenk E.A. ,   Kuban SAU, Grishchenko D.N. ,   Kuban SAU, Baryshev P.M. ,   Kuban SAU
Published: March 2023

Structural and schematic solutions for mobile wind-solar power plants, made on the basis of static and electric machine converters, are proposed to improve the energy efficiency of power supply systems for small farms and small settlements remote from external energy systems. The features of their work and design are disclosed, as well as the main technical and economic indicators are given.
YENİ SANAYİLEŞEN ÜLKELERDE EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜN EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİNİN PANEL EKONOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: BAYAR İlyas
Published: March 2023

Yirminci birinci yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde küresel ölçekte iki ekonomik kriz yaşanmıştır. Gerek 2008-2009 küresel iktisadi kriz gerekse de Covid-19 pandemisi sonrası alınan para, maliye ve makro ihtiyati tedbirler devletin ekonomiye müdahalesini arttırmıştır. Artan kamu harcamaları ile devletin ekonomik büyüklüğü artmış ve uluslararası ticaret engellerinin artırılmasına yönelik politikalar tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu durum, serbest piyasa ekonomisinin ve dolayısıyla ekonomik refahın belirleyicilerden biri olan ekonomik özgürlüğün iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin yeniden incelenmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, yeni sanayileşen 10 ülkede (Brezilya, Çin, Hindistan, Endonezya, Malezya, Meksika, Filipinler, Güney Afrika, Tayland, Türkiye) 2000-2020 dönemleri arasında ekonomik özgürlüğün ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi yeni nesil ekonometrik yöntemler vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiştir. Modelde ve değişkenlerde yatay kesit bağımlılığı belirlendikten sonra ikinci nesil testlerle panel birim kök ve eşbütünleşme sınaması yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan CCE eşbütünleşme tahmincisi yardımıyla ekonomik özgürlüğün ve gayri safi sabit sermaye oluşumunun ekonomik büyümeyi arttırdığı görülmüştür. Ekonomik özgürlük, düşük vergilendirme ve özel mülkiyet güvencesi sağlayarak iktisadi aktörlerin çalışma isteklerini ve yatırım arzularını artırmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, mevcut çalışma büyüme amacına dönük olarak ekonomik özgürlüğü artıran politikaların desteklenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
FRİG SİYASETİNE MATAR KUBİLEYA (KYBELE) TAPINIMININ ETKİSİ
Authors: ALTIN Oğuzhan
Published: March 2023

MÖ 13. yüzyıl sonlarında gerçekleşmeye başlayan ve tarihte Ege Göçleri olarak bilinen göç hareketleri, dünya üzerindeki pek çok bölgeyi yakından etkilediği gibi Anadolu coğrafyasını da derinden etkilemiş ve bu kadim coğrafyanın tarihinde yeni bir sürecin kapılarını aralamıştır. Bu göçler kapsamında, Thrakia ve Boğazlar yolunu kullanarak Anadolu topraklarına giriş yaptıkları tahmin edilen Frigler, Hitit Devleti’nin (MÖ 1650-1190) yıkılışı sonrasında yeni bir güç olarak tarih sahnesine çıkmışlardır. Frigler’in en önemli kralı Midas’tır. Midas ile birlikte Frigler, MÖ 8. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Orta ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’da söz sahibi olan merkezi bir devlet şeklini almışlardır. Politeist bir inanç sistemi bulunan Frigler’in yaşamlarında Ana Tanrıça Kybele’nin konumu çok önemlidir. Bolluğun ve bereketin simgesi, doğanın ve ülkenin yegâne hâkimi Ana Tanrıça Kybele yalnızca Frigler ile sınırlı kalmamış, ilerleyen süreçte çeşitli toplumlar tarafından da tapınım gören saygın bir tanrıça hâline gelmiştir. Frigler’in tanrıçalarına olan bağlılıklarını yansıtan ve bugün hâlen gizemini koruyan etkileyici dini ritüeller, Frigler’in siyasi ve askeri faaliyetlerini şekillendiren önemli bir faktör olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Midas ile birlikte Anadolu coğrafyasında güçlü bir devlet seviyesine ulaşan Frigler’in bu gücünün kökenleri hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılacak ve bu dönemde askeri galibiyetlerden söz etmek yerine etkin bir dış politika takip edilmesinde Kybele inancının nasıl bir rolünün olduğu arkeolojik, epigrafik ve edebî kaynakların ışığında tartışılacaktır.
Renal concentrating capacity is linked to blood pressure in children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Authors: Seeman T , Dušek J , Vondrák K , Bláhová K , Šimková E , Kreisinger J , Dvořák P , Kynčl M , Hříbal Z , Janda J
Published: March 2023

Impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a risk factor for the development of hypertension in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, markers of tubular function were not tested whether they are linked to hypertension or blood pressure (BP) level. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between renal concentrating capacity and BP in children with ADPKD. Fifty-three children (mean age 11.8+/-4.4 years) were investigated. Standardized renal concentrating capacity test was performed after nasal drop application of desmopressin, BP was measured by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Renal concentrating capacity was decreased in 58 % of children. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in children with decreased renal concentrating capacity (35 %) than in children with normal renal concentrating capacity (5 %) (p<0.05). Significant negative correlations were found between renal concentrating capacity, ambulatory BP and number of renal cysts (r = -0.29 to -0.39, p<0.05 to p<0.01). In conclusion, the concentrating capacity is decreased in about half of the patients and is linked to BP. Decreased renal concentrating capacity should be considered.
The social distribution of non-verbal negation in the Lebanese Arabic of Zgharta
Authors: Joukhadar Charles
Published: March 2023

This article examines the sociolinguistic distribution of non-verbal negation in Zgharta Arabic, based on sociolinguistic interviews conducted in the Lebanese town of Zgharta. Quantitative data analysis shows that young, middle-class speakers are leading a change in progress towards an increased usage of the capital Beirut variant, while old, working-class members tend to favor the more local negators. The factor of gender was overall reported as statistically insignificant, but cross-tabulating gender with age reveals significant gender differences among the middle-aged and old groups. It is argued that Zghartawis design their language in order to project traits that match their social status and satisfy their communicative needs. This study is among the first to reveal a linguistic change in progress in Lebanon, an area whose sociolinguistic configurations remain underexplored. It also enhances our understanding of the role of dialect contact and urbanization in the Arabic-speaking world.
Study on the influence of scaffold morphology and structure on osteogenic performance
Authors: Zhou Jingyu , Xiong Shilang , Liu Min , Yang Hao , Wei Peng , Yi Feng , Ouyang Min , Xi Hanrui , Long Zhisheng , Liu Yayun , Li Jingtang , Ding Linghua , Xiong Long
Published: March 2023

The number of patients with bone defects caused by various bone diseases is increasing yearly in the aging population, and people are paying increasing attention to bone tissue engineering research. Currently, the application of bone tissue engineering mainly focuses on promoting fracture healing by carrying cytokines. However, cytokines implanted into the body easily cause an immune response, and the cost is high; therefore, the clinical treatment effect is not outstanding. In recent years, some scholars have proposed the concept of tissue-induced biomaterials that can induce bone regeneration through a scaffold structure without adding cytokines. By optimizing the scaffold structure, the performance of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds is improved and the osteogenesis effect is promoted, which provides ideas for the design and improvement of tissue-engineered bones in the future. In this study, the current understanding of the bone tissue structure is summarized through the discussion of current bone tissue engineering, and the current research on micro-nano bionic structure scaffolds and their osteogenesis mechanism is analyzed and discussed.
A pragmatic lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (PAIGE2): A parallel arm, multicenter randomized controlled trial study protocol
Authors: McAuley Emma , Fleck Olwen , Cassidy Laura , Kemp Bridie J. , Cupples Gina , Kelly Bronagh , Creighton Rachel M. , Graham Una , Wallace Helen , Patterson Chris C. , McCance David R.
Published: March 2023

Background

The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity has been translated into pregnancy, with approximately 18% of women being diagnosed worldwide with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Whilst preventive strategies have proven effective in the non-pregnant context, attrition rates are high and there is an urgent need to develop a customized, pragmatic lifestyle intervention for women both during and after pregnancy. Diet and exercise modification, behavioral support, and Commercial Weight Management Organizations have been strongly recommended to aid postpartum weight reduction for mothers with previous GDM, subsequently reducing their risk of developing obesity and T2D. This study, informed by a previous pilot study, aims to determine the effectiveness of a pragmatic pregnancy and postpartum lifestyle modification program for overweight women with previous GDM (PAIGE2) to reduce body weight at 12 months postpartum.

Methods/design

This paper summarizes the protocol for the PAIGE2 study, which has been developed based on results from a pilot study (PAIGE). A six center, two parallel arm, 12-month, randomized controlled trial will be conducted across Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (3 centers each), involving 340 women with GDM and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 recruited during pregnancy. The lifestyle intervention involves a one-hour virtual educational program (to take place at 32-36 weeks gestation). Postpartum, the intervention will include monthly phone calls, weekly motivational text messages, weekly step counts, and referral for three months to a Commercial Weight Management Organization (Slimming World). The control arm will receive usual care as offered by the local maternity hospital. The primary outcome is weight loss at 12 months postpartum. Study visits for anthropometric and clinical measurements, fasting blood samples, questionnaires pertaining to health, wellbeing and physical activity will take place at 6 weeks, 6- and 12-months postpartum. Focus groups will be conducted with intervention mothers’ post-intervention to determine the acceptability of the study design including utility of a Commercial Weight Management Organization, feasibility of remote patient contact, family involvement and patient satisfaction.

Discussion

The PAIGE2 study will address the gaps in previously conducted research and, if positive, has the potential to have major public health implications for the prevention of future GDM and subsequent T2D.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04579016?term=NCT04579016&draw=2&rank=1, identifier NCT04579016.
Astrocyte development—More questions than answers
Authors: Markey Kathryn M. , Saunders Jillian C. , Smuts Jana , von Reyn Catherine R. , Garcia A. Denise R.
Published: March 2023

The past 15–20 years has seen a remarkable shift in our understanding of astrocyte contributions to central nervous system (CNS) function. Astrocytes have emerged from the shadows of neuroscience and are now recognized as key elements in a broad array of CNS functions. Astrocytes comprise a substantial fraction of cells in the human CNS. Nevertheless, fundamental questions surrounding their basic biology remain poorly understood. While recent studies have revealed a diversity of essential roles in CNS function, from synapse formation and function to blood brain barrier maintenance, fundamental mechanisms of astrocyte development, including their expansion, migration, and maturation, remain to be elucidated. The coincident development of astrocytes and synapses highlights the need to better understand astrocyte development and will facilitate novel strategies for addressing neurodevelopmental and neurological dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of astrocyte development, focusing primarily on mammalian astrocytes and highlight outstanding questions that remain to be addressed. We also include an overview of Drosophila glial development, emphasizing astrocyte-like glia given their close anatomical and functional association with synapses. Drosophila offer an array of sophisticated molecular genetic tools and they remain a powerful model for elucidating fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms governing astrocyte development. Understanding the parallels and distinctions between astrocyte development in Drosophila and vertebrates will enable investigators to leverage the strengths of each model system to gain new insights into astrocyte function.
Granulosa cell-derived miR-379-5p regulates macrophage polarization in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Salehi Reza , Asare-Werehene Meshach , Wyse Brandon A. , Abedini Atefeh , Pan Bo , Gutsol Alex , Jahangiri Sahar , Szaraz Peter , Burns Kevin D. , Vanderhyden Barbara , Li Julang , Burger Dylan , Librach Clifford L. , Tsang Benjamin K.
Published: March 2023

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenemia and ovarian antral follicle growth arrest. We have previously demonstrated that androgen-induced exosomal release of miR-379-5p (miR379) from preantral follicle granulosa cells increases the proliferation of target cells via phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) upregulation. Androgen also increases inflammatory M1 macrophage abundance, but reduces anti-inflammatory M2 polarization in rat antral and preovulatory follicles. However, the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; also known as exosomes) secretion in determining the cellular content and function of miRNAs in exosome-receiving cells is largely unknown. Our objectives were to determine: 1) the regulatory role of granulosa cells (GC)-derived exosomal miR379 on macrophage polarization and ovarian inflammation; 2) whether miR379-induced M1 polarization regulates GC proliferation; and 3) if this regulated process is follicular stage-specific. Compared with non-PCOS subjects, PCOS subjects had a higher M1/M2 ratio, supporting the concept that PCOS is an inflammatory condition. Ovarian overexpression of miR379 increased the number of M1 macrophages and the M1/M2 ratio in preantral follicles specifically. Transfection of macrophages with a miR379 mimic reduced the cellular content of PDK1 and induced M0→M1 polarization; whereas its inhibitor polarized M0→M2. Conditioned media from macrophages transfected with miR379 mimic and follicular fluid from PCOS subjects had higher galectin-3 content, a pro-inflammatory cytokine which specifically suppresses human antral follicle GC proliferation. These results indicate that miR379 inhibits M2 macrophage polarization, a condition which suppresses GC proliferation in a follicle stage-dependent manner, as exhibited in PCOS.
Immune and ionic mechanisms mediating the effect of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19
Authors: Chimote Ameet A. , Alshwimi Abdulaziz O. , Chirra Martina , Gawali Vaibhavkumar S. , Powers-Fletcher Margaret V. , Hudock Kristin M. , Conforti Laura
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine storm, an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines that contributes to acute lung damage and death. Dexamethasone is routinely used to treat severe COVID-19 and has been shown to reduce patient mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of dexamethasone are poorly understood.

Methods

We conducted transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients with mild disease, and patients with severe COVID-19 with and without dexamethasone treatment. We then treated healthy donor PBMCs in vitro with dexamethasone and investigated the effects of dexamethasone treatment ion channel abundance (by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry) and function (by electrophysiology, Ca2+ influx measurements and cytokine release) in T cells.

Results

We observed that dexamethasone treatment in severe COVID-19 inhibited pro-inflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways, circulating cytotoxic and Th1 cells, interferon (IFN) signaling, genes involved in cytokine storm, and Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ influx is regulated by Kv1.3 potassium channels, but their role in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains elusive. Kv1.3 mRNA was increased in PBMCs of severe COVID-19 patients, and was significantly reduced in the dexamethasone-treated group. In agreement with these findings, in vitro treatment of healthy donor PBMCs with dexamethasone reduced Kv1.3 abundance in T cells and CD56dimNK cells. Furthermore, functional studies showed that dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced Kv1.3 activity, Ca2+ influx and IFN-g production in T cells.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that dexamethasone attenuates inflammatory cytokine release via Kv1.3 suppression, and this mechanism contributes to dexamethasone-mediated immunosuppression in severe COVID-19.
Spatial-temporal characteristics of the oceanic bottom mixed layer in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Wenhu , Wang Guihua , Chen Changlin , Zhou Muping
Published: March 2023

The oceanic bottom mixed layer (BML) plays an important role in transporting mass, heat, and momentum between the ocean interior and the bottom boundary. However, the spatial-temporal characteristics of the BML in the South China Sea (SCS) is not well understood. Using 514 full-depth temperature and salinity profiles collected during the time period from 2004 to 2018 and two particularly deployed hydrographic moorings, the temporal and spatial variations of the BML have been analyzed. The results show that the BML in the SCS exhibits significant inhomogeneity, with thickness and stability varying across different regions. Specifically, the BML is relatively thin and stable over the continental shelf and deep-sea regions, while it is thicker and less stable over the northern continental slope. The mean, median, and one standard deviation values of BML thickness over the entire SCS were found to be 73 m, 56 m, and 55 m, respectively. Further analysis reveals that energetic high-frequency dynamic processes, coupled with steep bottom topography, contribute to strong tidal dissipation and vertical mixing near the bottom over the continental slope, resulting in thicker BMLs. Conversely, dynamic processes in the deep ocean are less energetic and low-frequency, the topography is relatively smooth, and tidal dissipation and bottom vertical mixing are weaker, leading to a thinner BML. These findings enhance our understanding of the BML dynamics in the SCS and other marginal seas and provide insights to improve parameterizations of physical processes in ocean models.
Influence of multiple islands on the hysteresis and dynamics of a western boundary current perturbed by a mesoscale eddy at a gap
Authors: Li Kunshan , Mei Huan , Wu Xiangbai , Dong Jianxin , Liu Qian
Published: March 2023

The hysteresis of a western boundary current (WBC) flowing across a gap and the dynamics of the mesoscale eddy–WBC interaction with the presence of two islands in the gap are studied using a 1.5-layer ocean model. The hysteresis of the WBC suggests that the two islands in the gap facilitate the WBC to intrude into the western basin by shedding eddies compared with the no-island case, but they promote the WBC to leap across the gap compared with the one-island case. The mesoscale eddies from the east of the gap can induce the critical-state WBC shifting from penetration to leap and vice versa. The dynamics revealed by the vorticity balance analysis shows that the increased (decreased) meridional advection of the WBC perturbed by the eddy forces the WBC to leap across (intrude into the western basin through) the gap. We also present the parameter space of the critical strength of the eddy with variable north–south locations inducing the critical WBC transition. For the WBC critical from the eddy-shedding to leaping regime, the regime shift is most sensitive to the anticyclonic eddy from the gap center and to the cyclonic eddy from the southern gap. It is least sensitive to the eddy downstream of the WBC. For the WBC critical from the leaping to eddy-shedding regime, the regime shift is most sensitive to the anticyclonic eddy upstream of the WBC and to the cyclonic eddy from the southern gap. The least sensitive eddy is from the northern gap.
Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages reflect warming during two recent mid-latitude marine heatwaves
Authors: Lane M. Kelsey , Fehrenbacher Jennifer S. , Fisher Jennifer L. , Fewings Melanie R. , Crump Byron C. , Risien Craig M. , Meyer Grace M. L. , Schell Faith
Published: March 2023

Under future climate scenarios, ocean temperatures that are presently extreme and qualify as marine heatwaves (MHW) are forecasted to increase in frequency and intensity, but little is known about the impact of these events on one of the most common paleoproxies, planktonic foraminifera. Planktonic foraminifera are globally ubiquitous, shelled marine protists. Their abundances and geochemistry vary with ocean conditions and fossil specimens are commonly used to reconstruct ancient ocean conditions. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages are known to vary globally with sea surface temperature, primary productivity, and other hydrographic conditions, but have not been studied in the context of mid-latitude MHWs. For this study, the community composition and abundance of planktonic foraminifera were quantified for 2010-2019 along the Newport Hydrographic Line, a long-term monitoring transect at 44.6°N in the Northern California Current (NCC). Samples were obtained from archived plankton tows spanning 46 to 370 km offshore during annual autumn (August – October) cruises. Two MHWs impacted the region during this timeframe: the first during 2014-2016 and a second, shorter duration MHW in 2019. During the 2014-2016 MHW, warm water subtropical and tropical foraminifera species were more prevalent than the typical polar, subpolar, and transitional species common to this region. Cold water species were abundant again after the first MHW dissipated in late 2016. During the second, shorter-duration MHW in 2019, the assemblage consisted of a warm water assemblage but did not include tropical species. The foraminiferal assemblage variability correlated with changes in temperature and salinity in the upper 100 meters and was not correlated with distance offshore or upwelling. These results suggest that fossil foraminiferal assemblages from deep sea sediment cores may provide insight into the magnitude and frequency of past MHWs.
Total and horizontal distances of the foveal stereotaxic displacement can be prognostic indicators for patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Zhang Zhengxi , Mao Jianbo , Lao Jimeng , Chen Nuo , Deng Xinyi , Chen Yijing , Tao Jiwei , Chen Yiqi , Shen Lijun
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to examine the foveal stereo deviations in the different ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) stages of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) and assess its predictive utility for the baseline and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Methods

Based on the calculational combination of foveal displacements in the horizontal and vertical axial optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, the foveal stereotaxic displacement was estimated through the total distance (TD, the distance from the foveal bottom to the inner edge of displaced central foveal) and horizontal distance (HD, projection of the TD in the retinal plane). The preoperative TD, HD, and other OCT- and OCT angiography (OCTA)-related indicators were obtained. The correlations between structural parameters and baseline and postoperative BCVA were evaluated through correlation and multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

In patients with advanced EIFL stage, there was a significant increase in the HD, TD, baseline log of the minimum angle of resolution unit for BCVA, central macular thickness (CMT), acircularity index, and incidence of microcystic macular edema (MME; p < 0.05). Further, they showed a decreased foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter (p < 0.001). HD, TD, CMT, MME, FAZ area, and FAZ perimeter were significantly correlated with the baseline and postoperative BCVA (p < 0.05). TD had the highest correlation indexic and was an individual predictor of the baseline and postoperative BCVA. Moreover, FD-300 and MME were individual predictors of postoperative BCVA.

Discussion

Stereoscopic foveal deviations significantly correlated with the baseline and postoperative visual acuity. TD may be used as an independent prognostic factor for BCVA.
Contributions of carbon source, crop cultivation, and chemical property on microbial community assemblage in soil subjected to reductive disinfestation
Authors: Zhu Weijing , Lu Xiaolin , Hong Chunlai , Hong Leidong , Zhu Fengxiang , Zhang Shuo , Yao Yanlai
Published: March 2023

In agricultural practice, reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective method for eliminating soil-borne pathogens that depends heavily on carbon source. However, knowledge regarding the assembly of soil microbial communities in RDS-treated soils amended with different carbon sources after continuous crop cultivation is still not well-characterized. RSD treatments were performed on greenhouse soil with six different carbon sources (ethanol, glucose, alfalfa, wheat bran, rice bran, and sugarcane residue), which have different C:N ratios (Org C/N) and easily oxidized carbon contents (Org EOC). After RSD, two consecutive seasons of pepper pot experiments were conducted. Then, the effects of carbon source property, crop cultivation, and soil chemical property on soil microbial community reestablishment, pathogen reproduction, and crop performance were investigated in the RSD-cropping system. Variation partition analysis indicated that carbon source property, crop cultivation, and soil chemical property explained 66.2 and 39.0% of bacterial and fungal community variation, respectively. Specifically, Mantel tests showed that Org C/N, crop cultivation, soil available phosphorus and potassium were the most important factors shaping bacterial community composition, while Org C/N, Org EOC, and crop cultivation were the most important factors shaping fungal community composition. After two planting seasons, the number of cultivable Fusarium was positively correlated with Org EOC, and negatively correlated with soil total organic carbon, Fungal Chao1, and Fungal PC1. Crop yield of complex-carbon soils (Al, Wh, Ri and Su) was negatively affected by Org C/N after the first season, and it was highest in Al, and lower in Et and Su after the second season. Overall, Org EOC and Org C/N of carbon source were vitally important for soil microbe reestablishment, Fusarium reproduction and crop performance. Our findings further broaden the important role of carbon source in the RSD-cropping system, and provide a theoretical basis for organic carbon selection in RSD practice.
The prognostic role and metabolic function of GGPS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Ke , Han Liang , Xu Huimei , Xu Ruiming , Guo Hao , Wang Huihui , Xu Zhaoqing
Published: March 2023

Background: GGPS1(geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1) is a member of the prenyltransferase family. Abnormal expression of GGPS1 can disrupt the balance between protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, thereby affecting a variety of cellular physiologic and pathological processes. However, it is still unknown how this gene could contribute to the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to explore the prognostic role of GGPS1 in OSCC and its relationship with clinical features.

Methods: The RNA-seq data and clinical data were obtained from TCGA. The survival analyses, Cox regression analyses, ROC curves, nomograms, calibration curves, and gene function enrichments were established by R software.

Results: The results showed that the high expression of GGPS1 in OSCC is related to poor prognosis. At the same time, multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that GGPS1 could be an independent prognostic biomarker, and its gene expression level is closely related to the histological stage of cancer. GGPS1 may promote tumorigenesis because of its metabolic function.

Conclusion: This study came to a conclusion that GGPS1, whose high expression has a significantly unfavorable meaning toward the prognosis of OSCC, can act as a novel independent biomarker for OSCC.
Gold-iron oxide (Au/Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles as the nanoplatform for binding of bioactive molecules through self-assembly
Authors: Lau Elizabeth C. H. T. , Åhlén Michelle , Cheung Ocean , Ganin Alexey Y. , Smith David G. E. , Yiu Humphrey H. P.
Published: March 2023

Nanomedicine plays a crucial role in the development of next-generation therapies. The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery platforms has become a major area of research in nanotechnology. To be effective, these nanoparticles must interact with desired drug molecules and release them at targeted sites. The design of these “nanoplatforms” typically includes a functional core, an organic coating with functional groups for drug binding, and the drugs or bioactive molecules themselves. However, by exploiting the coordination chemistry between organic molecules and transition metal centers, the self-assembly of drugs onto the nanoplatform surfaces can bypass the need for an organic coating, simplifying the materials synthesis process. In this perspective, we use gold-iron oxide nanoplatforms as examples and outline the prospects and challenges of using self-assembly to prepare drug-nanoparticle constructs. Through a case study on the binding of insulin on Au-dotted Fe3O4 nanoparticles, we demonstrate how a self-assembly system can be developed. This method can also be adapted to other combinations of transition metals, with the potential for scaling up. Furthermore, the self-assembly method can also be considered as a greener alternative to traditional methods, reducing the use of chemicals and solvents. In light of the current climate of environmental awareness, this shift towards sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry would be welcomed.
Adherens, tight, and gap junctions in ependymal cells: A systematic review of their contribution to CSF-brain barrier
Authors: Serra Riccardo , Simard J. Marc
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The movement of fluids and solutes across the ependymal barrier, and their changes in physiologic and disease states are poorly understood. This gap in knowledge contributes strongly to treatment failures and complications in various neurological disorders.

Methods

We systematically searched and reviewed original research articles treating ependymal intercellular junctions on PubMed. Reviews, opinion papers, and abstracts were excluded. Research conducted on tissue samples, cell lines, CSF, and animal models was considered.

Results

A total of 45 novel articles treating tight, adherens and gap junctions of the ependyma were included in our review, spanning from 1960 to 2022. The findings of this review point toward a central and not yet fully characterized role of the ependymal lining ultrastructure in fluid flow interactions in the brain. In particular, tight junctions circumferentially line the apical equator of ependymal cells, changing between embryonal and adult life in several rodent models, shaping fluid and solute transit in this location. Further, adherens and gap junctions appear to have a pivotal role in several forms of congenital hydrocephalus.

Conclusions

These findings may provide an opportunity for medical management of CSF disorders, potentially allowing for tuning of CSF secretion and absorption. Beyond hydrocephalus, stroke, trauma, this information has relevance for metabolite clearance and drug delivery, with potential to affect many patients with a variety of neurological disorders. This critical look at intercellular junctions in ependyma and the surrounding interstitial spaces is meant to inspire future research on a central and rather unknown component of the CSF-brain interface.
Case report: Novel mutations in the SPG11 gene in a case of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum
Authors: Duan Ji-Qing , Liu Hui , Wu Jia-Qiao
Published: March 2023

A 24-year-old man presented with insidious onset progressive gait disturbance and was finally diagnosed with autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. Two novel mutations, including a frameshift mutation (c.5687_5691del) and a non-sense mutation (c.751C>T), were identified in the SPG11 gene of the patient through whole genome sequencing. The frameshift mutation of c.5687_5691del leads to a change in amino acid synthesis beginning with amino acid No. 1896 arginine and terminating at the 8th amino acid after the change (p. Arg1896MetfsTer8). The non-sense mutation (c.751C>T) causes the conversion of codon 251st encoding the amino acid Gln into a stop codon (p. Gln251Ter), resulting in premature termination of peptide synthesis. Although confirmation of compound-heterozygosity could not be performed, our findings enriched the phenotypic spectrum of SPG11 mutations related to hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Impaired interactions of ataxin-3 with protein complexes reveals their specific structure and functions in SCA3 Ki150 model
Authors: Piasecki Piotr , Wiatr Kalina , Ruszkowski Milosz , Marczak Łukasz , Trottier Yvon , Figiel Maciej
Published: March 2023

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3/MJD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG expansion in mutant ATXN3 gene. The resulting PolyQ tract in mutant ataxin-3 protein is toxic to neurons and currently no effective treatment exists. Function of both normal and mutant ataxin-3 is pleiotropic by their interactions and the influence on protein level. Our new preclinical Ki150 model with over 150 CAG/Q in ataxin-3 has robust aggregates indicating the presence of a process that enhances the interaction between proteins. Interactions in large complexes may resemble the real-life inclusion interactions and was never examined before for mutant and normal ataxin-3 and in homozygous mouse model with long polyQ tract. We fractionated ataxin-3-positive large complexes and independently we pulled-down ataxin-3 from brain lysates, and both were followed by proteomics. Among others, mutant ataxin-3 abnormally interacted with subunits of large complexes such as Cct5 and 6, Tcp1, and Camk2a and Camk2b. Surprisingly, the complexes exhibit circular molecular structure which may be linked to the process of aggregates formation where annular aggregates are intermediate stage to fibrils which may indicate novel ataxin-3 mode of interactions. The protein complexes were involved in transport of mitochondria in axons which was confirmed by altered motility of mitochondria along SCA3 Ki150 neurites.
Effects of Astaxanthin supplementation on selected metabolic parameters, anthropometric indices, Sirtuin1 and TNF-α levels in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Heidari Marzieh , Chaboksafar Maryam , Alizadeh Mohammad , Sohrabi Bahram , Kheirouri Sorayya
Published: March 2023

Background

Atherosclerosis can develop as a result of an increase in oxidative stress and concurrently rising levels of inflammation. Astaxanthin (AX), a red fat-soluble pigment classified as a xanthophyll, may be able to prevent the vascular damage induced by free radicals and the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. The objective of the current study is to assess the effects of AX supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 50 CAD patients. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either AX supplements (12 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Lipid profile, glycemic parameters, anthropometric indices, body composition, Siruin1 and TNF-α levels were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.

Results

Body composition, glycemic indices, serum levels of TNF-α, Sirtuin1 did not differ substantially between the AX and placebo groups (p > 0.05). The data of AX group showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (−14.95 ± 33.57 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and LDL-C (−14.64 ± 28.27 mg/dl, p < 0.05). However, TG and HDL-C levels could not be affected through AX supplementation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that AX supplementation play a beneficial role in reducing some components of lipid profile levels. However, further clinical investigations in CAD patients are required to obtain more conclusive findings.

Clinical trial registration

www.Irct.ir., identifier IRCT20201227049857N1.
Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and odor activity value (OAV) to reveal the flavor characteristics of ripened Pu-erh tea by co-fermentation
Authors: Zheng Yaru , Zhang Chunhua , Ren Dabing , Bai Ruoxue , Li Wenting , Wang Jintao , Shan Zhiguo , Dong Wenjiang , Yi Lunzhao
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Pu-erh tea is a geographical indication product of China. The characteristic flavor compounds produced during the fermentation of ripened Pu-erh tea have an important impact on its quality.

Methods

Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and odor activity value (OAV) is used for flavor analysis.

Results

A total of 135 volatile compounds were annotated, of which the highest content was alcohols (54.26%), followed by esters (16.73%), and methoxybenzenes (12.69%). Alcohols in ripened Pu-erh tea mainly contribute flower and fruit sweet flavors, while methoxybenzenes mainly contribute musty and stale flavors. The ripened Pu-erh tea fermented by Saccharomyces: Rhizopus: Aspergillus niger mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1 presented the remarkable flavor characteristics of flower and fruit sweet flavor, and having better coordination with musty and stale flavor.

Discussion

This study demonstrated the content changes of ripened Pu-erh tea’s flavor compounds in the fermentation process, and revealed the optimal fermentation time. This will be helpful to further understand the formation mechanism of the characteristic flavor of ripened Pu-erh tea and guide the optimization of the fermentation process of ripened Pu-erh tea.