bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 2022: The Year in Review
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2023

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 2022 (loans, guarantees and grants). The second volume contains the full set of the financial statements of the Bank's resources.
A Review Study of Soft Electronic Materials for Epicardial Devices
Authors: Sim Jiwoo , Kim Sunny , Lee Jong Wook
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Heart failure is a widespread health concern. A person with a heart failure has 5 years shorter life expectancy compared to a person who has a cancer. Specifically, myocardial disease is usually involved with a treatment accompanied by an electrical conduction system. To alleviate the physical burden to heart due to ventricular pacing, epicardial electronic system made of soft and elastic materials is needed.

Methodology: In this review, we discuss candidate materials for novel epicardial sensing/stimulation system that matches similar mechanical properties of heart. Materials are categorized as soft conductive materials consist of elastomer and conductive filler and tissue-like low modulus materials. Like hydrogel and its conductive composites.

Main Findings: The soft nanocomposites integrated with nanomaterials as filler and elastomer/hydrogel as matrix show potential to open a new pathway in high-performance epicardial electronic system that improve accuracy, stability, and long-term usability in diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.

Implications: Multifunctional epicardial system that monitors electrical conduction of epicardium surface and stimulate epicardium simultaneously could be a powerful tool to diagnose and treat myocardial disease.

Novelty: This review study is focused and written in simple terms for readers.
Towards an interpretation of the Portuguese cultural tourist: Motivations and constraints
Authors: Ramires Ana , Monteiro Anabela , Lopes Sofia , Rodrigues de Sousa Sara , Leite Ângela
Published: March 2023

The importance of cultural tourism for the development of tourist destinations has created a need for knowledge on both supply and demand sides, related to the motivations and constraints which can affect the decisions of the cultural tourist. The aim of this study is to develop and validate for the Portuguese tourists two scales to measure motivations to travel and its constraints, considering theories of needs and constraints, and to examine differences according to tourists’ socio-demographic characteristics. The scales were determined using a non-linear principal component analysis followed by bootstrap confirmatory factor analysis, and differences were examined using parametric tests. A six-dimensional model for motivations and a five-dimensional model for constraints were validated, both with good overall fit. Motives linked to culture, intellectual curiosity and cultural knowledge stand out with high levels of relevance. Lack of resources and other commitments are the most important constraints. Significant differences were found in almost all characteristics. The results reveal influential dimensions on travel decisions which are of utmost importance for the design of the cultural offer of destinations.
O zapomnianym pałacu Sapiehów w Dubnie na Podlasiu
Authors: Andrzejewska Aldona , Karwowska Halina , Andrzejewski Aleksander
Published: March 2023

Sapiehowie to jeden z najpotężniejszych rodów magnackich Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, wywodzący się z ziem dzisiejszej Białorusi i Rosji. Jeden z nich Iwan Sapieha był pierwszym wojewodą podlaskim. W 1512 r. został właścicielem wsi Dubno, gdzie od przełomu XVI i XVII w. funkcjonował zespół dworski, który na przełomie XIX i XX w. został zrujnowany i zapomniany.

W latach 2006–2010 i 2013 przeprowadzono wykopaliskowe badania archeologiczne, m.in. dzięki dotacjom z Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu Sąsiedztwa Polska-Białoruś-Ukraina INTERREG IIIA/TACIS CBC 2004-2006 oraz Ministerstwa Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego. Prace archeologiczne uzupełniono badaniami nieinwazyjnymi, geomorfologicznymi, przyrodniczymi, fotografią lotniczą oraz stosownymi kwerendami źródłowymi.

Prace te przyniosły niezwykle interesujące rezultaty. Okazało się bowiem, że odkryto ukryte pod powierzchnią ziemi relikty tej rezydencji. W efekcie przeprowadzonych prac archeologiczno-architektonicznych można było zrekonstruować w znacznej mierze ten zespół rezydencjonalny składający się z pałacu, kaplicy, innych budynków pomocniczych, jak: karczma, oranżeria, lamus. Jednak najbardziej spektakularnym wynikiem było odkrycie pałacu, nazywanego Kamienicą Wielką. W trakcie badań rozpoznany został rzut kamienicy na poziomie parteru oraz zlokalizowany w piwniczce skarbczyk.

Opisana Kamienica Wielka jest typowym dla XVII w. zespołem budynków dworskich. Jednak jest jednym z pierwszych na Podlasiu obiektów, które zostały odkryte w miejscu, gdzie na powierzchni ziemi śladami dawnej świetności były tylko ułamki ceramiki naczyniowej i gruz ceglany. Tak więc badania archeologiczne przywróciły do świadomości społecznej i wprowadziły do „obiegu naukowego” zapomnianą rezydencję Sapiehów, jednego z najznakomitszych rodów Rzeczpospolitej Szlacheckiej.
Reformy w Rosji w XIX i na początku XX wieku: próba analizy
Authors: Stępień-Kuczyńska Alicja
Published: March 2023

Autorka charakteryzuje reformy XIX w., w tym szczególnie podkreśla reformatorskie działania M. Sperańskiego, jak również tzw. wielkie reformy lat 60. i 70., ze szczególną rolą reformy wolnościowej i uwłaszczeniowej (1861). Ważny okres reformowania systemu gospodarczego i politycznego Rosji przypadł na okres reform przeprowadzanych przez S. Wittego i P. Stołypina. Jednakże, jak wykazuje autorka, działania reformatorskie w omawianym okresie były zasadniczo spóźnione i nie przyczyniły się do stabilizacji systemu państwa, a do jego destabilizacji.
Skuteczność instytucji referendum lokalnego w sprawie referendów tematycznych w kadencji 2014–2018
Authors: Rosińska Aleksandra , Kozłowski Paweł
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza procesu lokalnego referendum tematycznego pod względem: skuteczności, frekwencji oraz popularności. W artykule wykorzystaliśmy metody: analizy treści artykułów prawnych i ustaw oraz analizę statystyczną danych uzyskanych z banku Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej. Zgodnie z przeprowadzanymi badaniami udało nam się uzyskać następujące wnioski: referenda tematyczne charakteryzują się niższą popularnością, wyższą skutecznością wobec lokalnych referendów odwoławczych oraz wysoką frekwencją względem wszystkich przeprowadzonych referendów w kadencji 2014–2018. Zasugerowaliśmy potencjalne zmiany, które mogłyby pozytywnie wpłynąć na jakość procesu i rozwiązać wskazane problemy.
AL ISMU GHOIRI AL-MUNSHARIFI FI KITAB MUKHTASHAR IBNU ABI JAMRAH LI ASY SYANWANI
Authors: Ibtisam Ibtisam , Umar Nur Hasaniyah
Published: March 2023

This research aims to identify the types and characteristics of the indefinite noun in the book Mukhtasar Ibn Abi Jamra by Al-Bukhari, written by Muhammad bin Ali Al-Shafi’i Al-Shanawani. The qualitative descriptive approach is used. The main data source is "The Mukhtasar Book of Ibn Abi Jamra by Al-Bukhari". The secondary data sources are the book and other periodicals related to the research topic. Miles and Huberman's theory was used to analyze the data involving data reduction, presentation, and summary. The result shows nine types of indefinite nouns, with 316 nouns. As for its characteristics in the existing vowel standing in the presence of two vowels, for feminine with the shortened thousand is represented by the names of people, and for feminization with the extended thousand, in which the names of the chain of narrators are represented.
DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL LIFE OF LAISA'S FAMILY IN TERE LIYE’S "DIA ADALAH KAKAKKU"
Authors: Farida Anisatul , Zawawi Moh
Published: March 2023

This study aims to describe the portrait of a family's life in the novel "Dia adalah Kakakku" by Tere Liye, published in 2018. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research. The primary data source of this research is the novel "Dia adalah Kakakku" by Tere Liye, while the secondary data sources are sociological theory books, especially Karl Marx's sociology, journals, theses, and other supporting reading books. The data collection technique in this study used reading and note-taking techniques with the Sociological Karl Max approach model. The data analysis used in this study is the Miles and Huberman model through three stages: data reduction, data exposure, and drawing conclusions. The sociological theory of Karl Marx says that the main driving factor of all social change is the economy. The results of this study indicate the discovery of the phenomenon of the relationship between hard work with humans and the economy as an essential factor in the dynamics of social life in the novel " Dia adalah Kakakku".
ECOSOPHY ADVICE IN TUNJUK AJAR MELAYU: A CRITICAL ECOLINGUISTIC STUDY
Authors: Fauzi Mohd , Amelia Vita , Islami Qori , Syam Essy
Published: March 2023

This article describes the ecosophy of the advice of environmental preservation found in Tunjuk Ajar Melayu (Malay teachings) texts compiled by Tennas Effendy (2014). It applies documentation method to collect the data. The collected data are then analyzed using critical ecolinguistics proposed by Arran Stibbe and local wisdom concept by Sibarani. The results show that there are four main kinds of environmental aspects pertaining human responsibility to the environment in the texts discussed, (1) protecting the universe, (2) managing the universe wisely, (3) preserving the nature, and (4) passing down the nature to the future generations. From the texts studied, it is found that there is a close relationship between humans and their environment, the relationship between humans and other humans, and the relationship between humans and their God. The 71 expressions studied from Malay teaching and learning texts, all reveal Malay local wisdom whose aim is to preserve their environment, because they know that if the forest, sea, river, and lake environments are destroyed, the structure of Malay society and Malay customs will also be lost.
AL-INTIMĀ' AS-SIMYĀ’IY BAINA JAAKUBSŪN WA AL-BALĀGAH: AL-ITTIJĀH AL-JADĪD FI TAḤLĪL AL-ĀYĀT AL-QUR’ĀNIYYAH
Authors: Munjiah Ma'rifatul , Haque Arina , Mutholib Abdul
Published: March 2023

Jacobson's semiotics are aligned with rhetoric from the theory of speech, and they are a door through which semiotics enter, as each of them makes the text a communication tool between the two ends of the speaker and the addressee in a specific context with the code to obtain the intended message or meaning. Using them to analyze Quranic verses from two points of view is new because they have the same essential elements. This research is qualitative research by the method of desk study with descriptive analysis that attempts to reveal the code, context, and meanings of the Qur'anic verses from the perspective of Jacobson's semiotics and rhetoric. The analysis is based on the sentence "كُلُوْ" in verse 51 of Surat Al-Muminoon, verse 15 of Surat Al-Mulk, and verse 43 of Surat Al-Mursalat. The result indicates that the code is the same, but the meaning is different; 1) the code "eat" in Surat Al-Mursalat indicates the meaning of honor because the context is in heaven and the addressee is the pious, that is, the permissibility of the pious who enter heaven to eat everything in honor of them from God, 2) and a code "كُلُوْ" in Surat Al-Mulk indicates the meaning of permissibility and what is addressed to people, God has permitted them to seek His sustenance, the Highest, not obligatory because the context is that sustenance on earth is prepared by God not only for people but for all His creatures, people, animals, and others, 3) The code "كُلُوْ" in Surat Al-Muminun indicates On the meaning of obligatory, because the context is the good things and the messengers are addressed, and eating the good things is a duty, that is, the obligation of the messengers to eat the good things or not.
INTERNATIONAL DEBATER’S POLITENESS STRATEGY IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF REQUEST
Authors: Bahtiar Jessica Yunanda
Published: March 2023

The study aims to investigate the speech acts of international debaters in the 2022 Asian English Olympics in giving requests. This study focuses on the request speech acts and the politeness strategy produced by international debaters with different cultural backgrounds. This study used a qualitative approach because it observed the request speech acts of international debaters in applying the politeness strategy. There were four participants, consisting of Uzbekistan, Philippines, Hong Kong, and Malaysian debaters. The data contained the requests delivered by the international debaters conducted through WhatsApp messenger, both group and private messages. In collecting the data, the researcher was a part of the participants in the debate competition. Thus, the researcher could collect the data in the private group made special for the participants who joined the debate competition. Additionally, the researcher's relationship with the participants was the opponent of the debate team. Finally, it is found that the request speech acts by showing a demand, command, and force expression. Thus, politeness strategy, social distance in which, status and relationship, and background impact the way of giving requests.
SPEECH ABNORMALITY OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC CHARACTER IN A BEAUTIFUL MIND MOVIE
Authors: Andani Meri , Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: March 2023

This study looked at the speech abnormalities of John Nash, the main character of schizophrenia in the film A Beautiful Mind. He suffered from hallucinations and delusions that made him difficult to concentrate, remember, and speak or act regularly. This study had two objectives namely identifying Nash's speech disorder and describing the occurrence of his speech abnormality shown in the movie. The research design was descriptive qualitative by employing the theory of Liddle et al (2002) on categories of speech abnormality. The findings showed the perseveration of ideas, peculiar logic, looseness, and poverty of speech. Furthermore, the speech abnormality was caused by two main symptoms of schizophrenia, positive and negative symptoms, which altered John Nash's thoughts, language, and emotions. The schizophrenic character produced the most prolific perseveration and peculiar logic. He often said illogical things without supporting evidence, and often repeated his words. Through the findings, it was expected that readers and further researchers could gain better understanding on various types of schizophrenic speech disorders.
IKHTIYAR AL-LAFDZI FI RIWAYAH “MAMU ZEIN” LI SAID RAMADHAN AL BUTHY
Authors: Kholilah Nur
Published: March 2023

This study aims to know the types of word preferences in Mamouzin's novel by Said Ramadan Al-Bouti. The research method used in this study is descriptive and qualitative. The primary data source in this study is Mamo Zain's novel by Saeed Ramadan Al-Bati from page one to page thirty-six, and secondary data sources in this study are journals and research articles on the study of stylistics and electronic and non-electronic dictionaries. The researcher used the reading and writing method to collect data. As for the data analysis, the researcher used. The data analysis techniques used in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the research in this research are: The researcher found the types of word choice in the novel of Mamouzin by Saeed Ramadan Al-Bouti, so the researcher found 27 data, including words close in meaning or synonymy, common pronunciation, and words opposite in meaning or opposites and Arabised. The words that are close in meaning or synonymy have 12 statements, including appeared-appears, cities-countries, hearts-hearts, spread-broadcasts, rises-wakes, eyes-sees, I will remove-then they go, they bid farewell-we leave, we return-returned, female-woman, increase -add, light-dia. And in the common pronunciation 4 statements, including fire, stumble, sheikh and palace. And in the words opposite in meaning or opposites, 10 statements, including ending-elementary, major-minor, sit-stand, inside-exit, in front-behind, man-female, rich-poor, young-old, disappear-appeared, cultured-ignorant. And in the Arabised, one statement any Nowruz.
FLOUTING MAXIM IN CREATING VERBAL HUMOR IN THE PRETTY SMART NETFLIX SERIES
Authors: Hakim Muhamad Syahril Adil , Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: March 2023

Humor is a complex social phenomenon generally encountered around us. It is repeatedly used in mass entertainment. However, humor is still a relatively uncommon topic in research. Therefore, this study attempts to uncover verbal humor in Pretty Smart Netflix Series. The two objectives of this study are to identify the types of flouting maxims and describe the flouting maxim employed by the characters to produce verbal humor. This research used a descriptive qualitative method by employing Grice’s Cooperative Principle theory and Shade’s verbal humor theory. Twenty floating maxims were included in the seven episodes of the Pretty Smart Series. The most frequent type found is the flouting maxim of quality, followed by the flouting maxim relation and the flouting maxim of quantity, and the last is the flouting maxim of manner. These flouting maxims create types of verbal humor, including jokes, irony, wit, and satire. This research can be used as a reference for further research to understand Pragmatics, particularly regarding the flouting maxims and verbal humor.
HISTORIOGRAFI MASA KINI: MENGISI RUANG KOSONG
Authors: Asmawati Rika Inggit
Published: March 2023

The history of historical writing in Indonesia is interesting to observe. This is because the history of writing Indonesian history continues to experience development. One of the developments in Indonesian historiography is how Indonesia-centric historiography is not only dominated by narratives of political history. The dominance of political history narratives in Indonesian historiography also influences the study of Indonesian national history. In fact, the past life of the Indonesian people was not only dominated by political life. At present, Indonesian historiography tries to provide space for historical studies that are not only dominated by political history, one of which is by presenting the history of everyday life. This is a first step for historians to present a more complete and thorough narrative of the past. However, writing the history of everyday life raises other challenges, one of which is that the use of conventional historical sources usually does not present narratives of everyday life. For that, it is necessary to use unconventional historical sources.

Abstrak

Sejarah penulisan sejarah di Indonesia menarik untuk dicermati. Hal ini dikarenakan sejarah penulisan sejarah Indonesia (Historiografi Indonesiasentris) terus mengalami perkembangan. Salah satu perkembangan yang terjadi dalam historiografi Indonesia adalah bagaimana historiografi Indonesiasentris tidak hanya didominasi narasi sejarah politik. Dominasi narasi sejarah politik dalam historiografi Indonesia ini turut berpengaruh terhadap kajian sejarah nasional Indonesia. Padahal, kehidupan masa lalu bangsa Indonesia tidak hanya didominasi oleh kehidupan politik saja. Di masa kini, historiografi Indonesia berusaha memberikan ruang terhadap kajian sejarah yang tidak hanya didominasi sejarah politik saja, salah satunya dengan menghadirkan sejarah kehidupan sehari-hari. Ini adalah sebuah Langkah awal dari para sejarawan untuk menghadirkan narasi masa lalu yang lebih lengkap dan menyeluruh. Namun, menulis sejarah kehidupan sehari-hari ternyata menimbulkan tantangan permasalahan lain, salah satunya adalah penggunaan sumber sejarah konvensional biasanya tidak menghadirkan narasi kehidupan sehari-hari. Untuk itu, diperlukan penggunaan sumber sejarah yang tidak konvensional.
Analîzeke Edebî li ser Muşa‘ereya Aşiq û Maşûq a Rûhî
Authors: AYKAÇ Yakup
Published: March 2023

Mijara işqê ji demên berê ve di jiyana mirovan de cihê xwe girtiye. Ji ber vê yekê derbarê işqê de gelek berhem hatine nivîsîn ku ji aliyê felsefî, ilmî û tesewifî ve li ser wê hûr bûye. Herweha hizr û ramanên felsefî, edebî û tesewifî ên derbarê işqê de hatine gotin bi awayekî rengê xwe daye helbestên klasîk jî. Çi bi işqa mecazî çi jî bi işqa heqîqî, di bin çerxa işqê de bi cureyên xezel, qesîde û mesnewî gelek berhem hatine nivîsîn. Yek ji wan jî hlebesta Aşiq û Maşûq a Şêx Ebdurehmanê Axtepî ye ku bi mexlesa Rûhî deng daye. Rûhî helbesta xwe bi şêwaza munazereyê nivîsiye. Şair bi hunera teşxîsê aşiq û maşûq xistine nav guftûgoyeke evînî ku ji vî aliyê ve bûye mînakeke mu‘eşşeqeyê. Mu‘eşşeqeya Rûhî ya ku bi teşeya murebbê hatiye nivîsîn, cara yekem di vê nivîsarê de di çarçoveya muşa‘ereyê de hatiye nirxandin. Armanca vê gotarê ew e ku li ser muşa‘ereya Aşiq û Maşûq analîzeke edebî bike. Di ve xebatê de metoda şerhên nûjen wek rêbaz hatiye bikaranîn û her bendeke vê muşa‘ereyê bi ferhengok, analîzeke edebî û tesewifî, û hunerên edebî pêkve hatine nirxandin. Di dawiya lêkolînê de derketiye holê ku muşa‘ereya Aşiq û Maşûq ji aliyê edebî ve xwedî naverokeke kûr e.
A Simple and Practical Tool for Indirect Determination of the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Most Common Construction Materials
Authors: KAYABALI Kamil , BEYAZ Turgay , KARAASLAN ÖZDEMİR İlknur , YILMAZ Deniz
Published: March 2023

Determination of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of construction materials in the laboratory is tedious and time-consuming. There have been many attempts to indirectly predict UCS using simpler tools and techniques. One of them is the nail gun. The scope of this investigation is to design a nailer which can be applied all construction materials whose UCS range from 1-100 MPa. In the research, rocks, bricks, and concretes prepared in different cement/sand ratios with different strength ranges were used as materials. The unconfined compressive strength of the materials used in the experiments was first determined by conventional compression tests. The nail penetration depths were determined by conducting experiments on the same materials using a nailer with two different energy levels. An empirical relationship was developed by using nail penetration depths, driving energies, and nail diameters as the independent variables and the UCS determined by the conventional method as the dependent variable. According to the empirical relationship determined by multiple regression analysis, the UCS of building materials can be estimated with significance level of 99% by the nail penetration method. The research also revealed that the UCS of rocks might have a coefficient of variation as high as 30%.
Evaluation of English and Turkish Language Teaching Textbooks According to CEFR Criteria
Authors: İPEK Ömer Faruk , İPEK EĞİLMEZ Nigar
Published: March 2023

While English has been used as a Lingua Franca (LF) for many years all around the world, Türkiye on the other hand, which has been experiencing mass migration to its lands and started the internationalization process, teaching Turkish to foreigners as a second or foreign language has attracted attention. As a result of the attention given to Turkish language, the institutions in Türkiye initiated several projects to design language materials according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) criteria while materials were adapted for English language years ago. Since one of the materials used during teaching is textbooks, the aim of this study is to examine and compare the organization of the books and spoken interaction activities of one A1-level English coursebook published for those who learn English as a foreign language and one A1-level Turkish coursebook published for those who learn Turkish as a foreign language using CEFR criteria. For this reason, two books written in both languages were selected by getting expert opinion and their units were analyzed with the document analysis method. When the results are examined, it is found out that there are several differences between the organization of the units and layout of the books. Moreover, there are more spoken interaction activities in English coursebook than the Turkish coursebook.
Friedrich von Hayek i kapitalizm nadzoru
Authors: Polanowska-Sygulska Beata
Published: March 2023

The topic of the article is the confrontation of the vision of surveillance capitalism, as outlined by Shoshana Zuboff in 2019, with Friedrich von Hayek’s neoliberal doctrine. The main research goal is to answer the questions whether Hayek has been rightly accused by Zuboff as being responsible for the rise of this threatening form of capitalism and for his alleged hostility to democracy. Similar objections against Hayek have also been raised by Andrzej Szahaj. The juxtaposition of the characteristics of surveillance capitalism with the analysis of some selected threads, inherent in Hayek’s socio-economic conception, leads to the conclusion that Zuboff’s and Szahaj’s critical arguments do not seem thoroughly justified.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIOR TOWARD SMOKING AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Kendrich Ivan , Sinaga Bintang Yinke Magdalena
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Tobacco consumption is one of the important contributing factors of non-infectious mortality in Indonesia. Factors causing young people to smoke include personality, parents, and colleagues. Medical students should have good knowledge about tobacco, an attitude that supports smoking avoidance and supports smoking cessation, and be role models for society by not smoking. The aim of this study is to determine about knowledge, attitude toward smoking habit, and smoking behavior among the medical students of Universitas Sumatera Utara. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical study with cross–sectional approach, conducted at Medical Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) from March to December 2020. Participants are 100 medical students chosen randomly using stratified random sampling. Data are collected directly from the questionnaire in the form of Google Form sent to participants. Bivariate analysis was done using Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact test. Result: shows the prevalence of smoking is 16%. For knowledge, 75% of respondent’s knowledge about tobacco is average, 22% respondents have good knowledge, and 3% respondents have poor knowledge. Attitudes toward tobacco avoidance are positive in 63% respondents and negative in 37% respondents. Smoking behavior of 37.5% smokers is high, 31.25% average, and 31.25% low. Bivariate analysis finds significant correlation between smoking status and gender, smoking peer, and attitude. Conclusion: majority of USU medical students have average knowledge about tobacco, positive attitude toward smoking avoidance, and high smoking behavior. Significant correlation found indicates the need to raise awareness of smoking hazard and effort in ceasing smoking behavior among medical students.
SUGAR SWEETENED BEVERAGE TAX AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Avirneni Hari Teja , John Anugraha , Swaminathan Sinthu Sarathamani
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) consumption has increased to higher levels across all corners of the world.  High sugar diets in the form of SSBs lead to increased calorie intake with almost no nutritive value when compared to solid food and contributes to the increased energy intake resulting in an unhealthy weight gain, often associated with health issues such as obesity, diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, early tooth decay and formation of cavities. It is also observed that consumption of SSBs is linked to unhealthy habits like smoking, decreased physical activity, increased intake of fast food and increased screen time. Method: The required information on SSB tax implementation at the global level was retrieved from the literature reviews. Result: Taking such detrimental effects of SSBs into consideration, many countries are putting efforts to tackle the problem of higher consumption of SSBs by adopting measures such as taxations on SSBs. However, it is also extremely important to understand how these taxes help in generating higher revenues to the government which, in turn, can be used for various community needs in the respective countries. Conclusion: The same revenue can also be utilised for implementation of comprehensive healthcare programmes especially in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), by providing preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative services as a way to progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
CORRELATION BETWEEN COMPLIANCE WITH IRON TABLET CONSUMPTION AND IRON NUTRITION INTAKE WITH PREGNANT WOMEN'S HEMOGLOBINE CONSUMPTION
Authors: Ambarsari Novi Dwi , Herlina Netti , Dewanti Linda , Ernawati
Published: March 2023

Introduction: During pregnancy, the need for iron increases, which triggers anemia. Anemia can be described as a decline in the hemoglobin level below a critical level. Meanwhile, based on a preliminary study, 10 out of 13 pregnant women were not obedient in taking iron tablets (76, 92%). The prevalence of anemia at Tanah Kalikedinding Community Health Center in 2015 remained high. Method: The analytical study used a cross-sectional design. The group of pregnant women in the third trimester who received Fe tablets and had their Hb levels checked at the Tanah Kalikedinding Health Center Surabaya were 54 people. The sampling technique chosen was total sampling. The instruments used were questionnaire sheets, data collection sheets, and survey software. Data analysis used the Fisher exact test. Result : Out of the 54 pregnant women, 20.4% of pregnant women were obedient to taking blood-supplement pills and experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels (63.3%), 70.6% of pregnant women were not adherent, and almost all of them had decreased their. The results of a bivariate analysis using Fisher's exact showed a significance value of p-value = 0.001 <α = 0.05 (p <α). Conclusion: This meant a correlation between adherence to consuming Fe tablets and hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Also, a p-value of 0.001 (p <α). This means there is a correlation between iron nutritional intake and consumption of blood-supplemented tablets and hemoglobin gravida levels at Puskemas Tanah Kalikedinding, Surabaya.
U.S. Community Banks post the 2008 Financial Crisis
Authors: Chen Su-Jane , Fayman Alex , Mayes Timothy
Published: March 2023

Although community banks hold a small proportion of U.S. banking assets and market share, they perform a crucial function in the U.S. economy by offering vital financial services to businesses and individuals in regions where major banks do not operate. Their diseconomies of scale put them at a competitive disadvantage in relation to large, national commercial banks when coping with digital transformation and regulatory requirements. These challenges mounted after the Great Recession. This research, with the usage of four key financial ratio categories and the implementation of logit regression, looks into how U.S. community banks evolved in the aftermath of the financial crisis, 2009-2017. It divides the entire sample period into two sub-sample periods, 2009-2012 and 2013-2017, and comparing community banks with their larger counterpart and within the community bank sector between the largest and the smallest asset size quartiles of the group. This study, to the best of our knowledge, represents the only known research at the time of publication that compares recovery of banks post the Great Recession based on whether they are community or non-community banks. It finds that community banks tended to recover more slowly in terms of the bottom line, ROE, after the Great Recession than large national banks. Additionally, community banks are more likely to carry even less capital than their national counterparts in the later time period as compared with the earlier time period. In contrast, banks with higher liquidity and greater operating efficiency are more associated with community banks than non-community banks. Also, the empirical findings posit that size matters, to a certain extent. That is, while size does not command an absolute advantage, a certain threshold may be necessary for a bank to stay competitive. This provides a rationale for mergers and acquisitions taking place in the banking sector.
Covariant Compactification: a Radical Revision of Kaluza-Klein Unification
Authors: Lawrence Tom
Published: March 2023

We present a geometric field theory in which the action and field equation are constructed from an ultra-high-density vector field and its covariant derivative and have full general covariance in a higher-dimensional spacetime. The field equation is the simplest possible generalisation of the Poisson equation for gravity consistent with general covariance and the equivalence principle. It contains the Ricci tensor and metric acting as operators on the vector field. If the covariant derivative is diagonalisable across a neighbourhood under real changes of coordinate basis, spacetime coincides with a product manifold. The dimensionalities of the factor spaces are determined by its eigenvalues and hence by its algebraic invariants. Tensors decompose into multiplets which have both Lorentz and internal symmetry indices. The field equation has a `classical vacuum' solution which is a product of Minkowski spacetime and an Einstein manifold. A worked example is provided in six dimensions. Away from this classical vacuum, connection components in appropriate coordinates include $SO(N)$ gauge fields. The Riemann tensor includes their field strength. Unitary gauge symmetries act indirectly on tensor fields and some or all of the unitary gauge fields are found amongst the $SO(N)$ gauge fields. Symmetry restoration occurs at the zero-curvature `decompactification limit', in which all dimensions appear on the same footing.
ODL and Mental Well-Being: An Explorative Study of UiTM Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Joharry Siti Aeisha
Published: March 2023

The global Covid-19 crisis has seen the push for many education institutions substituting traditional classroom learning to online platforms. This change in the learning experience has been expected to cause major and likely unequal interruption not only in students’ learning, but their well-being overall. Given this, the present study aims to investigate how online or open distance learning, implemented during times of a health crisis, impacted the mental well-being of UiTM students. The study was conducted via an online survey and an online group discussion during the last week of online classes between 29th June to 1st July 2020. Following research on negative emotional states, the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) was included in the survey. Results indicate that students experienced varying levels of negative emotions, specifically feeling anxious over situations that might cause panic, feeling emotionally sensitive as well as feeling less motivated to do things. Discussions include how the government of Malaysia needs to ensure for students to be equipped with the right amenities that will offer a smoother ODL experience and that educational institutions provide their stakeholders with clear information so that students can make a more informed choice about their education.
Inference of Dynamic Geophysical Conditions and Probability of Advanced Life in Potentially Habitable Rocky Exo Planets
Authors: M. Kumar Varnana , T. E. Girish , P. E. Eapen , N. Sathyan Thara , Longhinos Biju , K. S. Sony , J. Binoy
Published: March 2023

Using a simple model for internal heat evolution and mass-internal heat relations found for rocky exo planetary objects in the inner solar system we have inferred the phases of volcanism at earth ( EA) or host star ages (SA) in 52 potentially habitable rocky exo planets. We have also calculated the internal tidal heat contributions and magnetic moments of these exo planets. Based on these results we have inferred the probability of existence of life favouring geophysical conditions in the above exo planets at EA and SA. In M star associated exo planets, occurrences of super flares and long night periods may pose problems for the development of advanced life
Climate Change Adaptation and the Agriculture-food System in Myanmar
Authors: Tun Oo Aung , Boughton Duncan , Aung Nilar
Published: March 2023

The agricultural sector provides employment and income to the majority of Myanmar's population. The sector, however, is extremely susceptible to severe weather, rising temperatures, and changes in precipitation. This paper aims to analyze how vulnerable Myanmar's agricultural sector is to climate change and highlights the key sectors that are most at risk. This report also examines historical climate information, and the anticipated effects of climate change on Myanmar's agricultural sectors. In-depth literature reviews and summaries of Myanmar's climate change adaptation efforts are included in the report, along with recom-mendations for targeted, locally appropriate actions to strengthen the country's agricultural sector's resilience. Additionally, the study reviews Myanmar's in-stitutional framework for climate action and government priorities for adaptation measures, emphasizes the urgent need for climate action in Myanmar's agricul-ture sectors and calls for more research and development efforts on the effects of climate change on rural livelihoods and agriculture.
Developing A Computerized Adaptive Test Form of the Occupational Field Interest Inventory
Authors: ALKAN Volkan , DENİZ Kaan Zulfikar
Published: March 2023

In this research, the aim was to apply the Occupational Field Interest Inventory (OFII), which was developed in paper-pencil format, as a Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT). For this purpose, the paper and pencil form of the OFII was applied to 1425 high school students and post-hoc simulations were carried out with the obtained data. According to results obtained from the simulations, it was decided that the most ideal criteria for the CAT application were GPCM as the IRT model, .40 standard error value as the test termination rule, and MFI as the item selection method. The OFII ended with an average of 59 items, and the correlations between scores obtained from the paper-pencil form and thetas (θ) estimated by simulation ranged between .91-.97. According to post-hoc simulation results, the CAT application was applied to 150 students. It was observed that the correlations between the scores of students from the online application of the paper-pencil form and θ levels estimated by the CAT form varied between .73 and .91.
Examining The Rater Drift in The Assessment of Presentation Skills in Secondary School Context
Authors: ERMAN ASLANOĞLU Aslıhan , ŞATA Mehmet
Published: March 2023

The alternative assessment, including peer assessment, helps students develop metacognition among the sub-categories of assessment types. Despite the advantage of alternative assessment, reliability and validity issues are the most significant problems in alternative assessment. This study investigated the rater drift, one of the rater effects, in peer assessment. The performance of 8 oral presentations based on group work in the Science and Technology course was scored by 7th-grade students (N=28) using the rubric researchers developed. The presentations lasted for four days, with two presentations each day. While examining the time-dependent drift in rater severity in peer assessment, the many-Facet Rasch Measurement model was used. Two indexes (interaction term and standardized differences) were calculated with many-facet Rasch measurement to determine the raters who made rater drift either individually or as a group. The analysis examined the variance of scores in the following days compared to the first day’s scores. Accordingly, the two methods used to determine rater drift gave similar results, and some raters at the individual level tended to be more severe or lenient over time. However, no significant rater drift at the group level showed that drifts had no specific models.
Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical and Structural Properties of a Functionally Graded Material by Adding Alumina Nanoparticles Using A Centrifugal Technique
Authors: Abdulmajeed Adwaa Mohammed , Hamzah Ahmed Fadhil
Published: March 2023

In this work, functionally graded materials were synthesized by centrifugal technique at different volume fractions 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% Vf with a rotation speed of 1200 rpm and a constant rotation time, T = 6 min . The mechanical properties were characterized to study the graded and non-graded nanocomposites and the pure epoxy material. The mechanical tests showed that graded and non-graded added alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles enhanced the effect more than pure epoxy. The maximum difference in impact strength occurred at (FGM), which was loaded from the rich side of the nano-alumina where the maximum value wasat 1% Vf by 133.33% of the sample epoxy side. The flexural strength and Young modulus of the functionally graded samples were enhanced by 43.69% and 52.74%, respectively, if loaded from the alumina-rich side. On the other hand, when loading (FGM) from the epoxy side, the amount of decrease in bending resistance was 122.4% while the improvement in bending modulus was 81.11% compared to pure epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the fracture surface of the impact samples and the gradient scattering of nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix. Numerous applications can be used to manufacture the functionally graded material by centrifugal casting method, including for the manufacture of gears and all bending applications such as leaf springs.
Small Nuclear RNA 64 (snoRNA64): A novel Tumor Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Alfardan Rana
Published: March 2023

The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which represents over 90% of pancreatic cancer cases, has the highest proliferative and metastatic rate in comparison to other pancreatic cancer compartments. This study is designed to determine whether small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 64 (snoRNA64) is associated with pancreatic cancer initiation and progression. Gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository have shown that snoRNA64 expression is reduced in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer as compared to normal tissues based on statistical analysis of the in Silico analysis. Using qPCR techniques, pancreatic cancer cell lines include PK-1, PK-8, PK-4, and Mia PaCa-2 with different levels of snoRNA64, including PK-1, PK-8, PK-4, and Mia PaCa-2. The level of expression is correlated with the cell line epithelial or mesenchymal characteristics. Cell lines displaying epithelial characteristics such as PK-1, PK-8 show high levels of snoRNA64 meanwhile, cell lines displaying mesenchymal characteristics such as PK-4, Mia PaCa-2 show low levels of snoRNA64. The level of expression is correlated with the cell line epithelial or mesenchymal characteristics. After knocking down the PK-8 with high snoRNA64 expression, the epithelial markers E. cadherin (E-cad) and Cytokeratin-8 (CK-8) are decreased, while mesenchymal markers Vimentin (Vim), Cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), Metalloprotease -2 (MMP-2), and Metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) are activated. Those changes suggest that PK-8 responding to the snoRNA64 knock down protocol and increase in mesenchymal function. Together, snoRNA64 expression may participate in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), in which during metastasis these processes are crucial. In addition, snoRNA64 may be considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker for both early and invasive stages of PDAC. And due to its gradual expression decreases, it may be considered a barrier in tumor progression.
A Comparative Study on Association Rule Mining Algorithms on the Hospital Infection Control Dataset
Authors: Zakur Yahya Asmar , Mirashrafi Seyed Bagher , Flaih Laith Rezouki
Published: March 2023

Administrative procedures in various organizations produce numerous crucial records and data. These records and data are also used in other processes like customer relationship management and accounting operations.It is incredibly challenging to use and extract valuable and meaningful information from these data and records because they are frequently enormous and continuously growing in size and complexity.Data mining is the act of sorting through large data sets to find patterns and relationships that might aid in the data analysis process of resolving business issues. Using data mining techniques, enterprises can forecast future trends and make better business decisions.The Apriori algorithm has been introduced to calculate the association rules between objects; the primary goal of this algorithm is to establish an association rule between various things. The association rule describes how two or more objects are related.We have employed the Apriori property and Apriori Mlxtend algorithms in this study and we applied them on the hospital database; and, by using python coding, the results showed that the performance of Apriori Mlxtend was faster, and it was 0.38622, and the Apriori property algorithm was 0.090909. That means the Apriori Mlxtend was better than the Apriori property algorithm.
Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate and Its Related Substances and Degradation Products Using LC-MS and Preparative Chromatography Methods
Authors: Ismail Ali , Haroun Mohammad , Alahmad Youssef
Published: March 2023

Dapagliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor. This work aims to develop a new validated sensitive RP-HPLC coupled with a mass detector method for the determination of dapagliflozin, its alpha isomer, and starting material in the presence of dapagliflozin major degradation products and an internal standard (empagliflozin). The separation was achieved on BDS Hypersil column (length of 250mm, internal diameter of 4.6 mm and 5-μm particle size) at a temperature of 35℃. Water and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase A and B by gradient mode at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. A wavelength of 224nm was selected to perform detection using a photo diode array detector. The method met the requirement of the International Conference on Harmonisation for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) for validation. The molecular weight of impurities and degradation products was estimated using positive ESI-MS. Fifteen impurities were detected during the analysis of dapagliflozin APIs and the brand Farxiga ® and some generic products. Three of fifteen detected impurities (H, J and K) exceeded the impurities acceptable limits 0.1%. Those impurities were isolated using new preparative chromatography then characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR.
Isolation and Identification of Polyethylene Terephthalate Degrading Bacteria from Shatt Al-Arab and Sewage Water of Basrah City
Authors: Al-Atbi Hala Sabry , Mukhaifi Eman Aboob , Ali Suhyila Fadhil
Published: March 2023

Biodegradation is utilizing microorganisms to degrade materials into products that are safe for the environment, such as carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. The current study aims to isolate and characterize bacteria with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation ability isolated from Shatt al-Arab water and sewage from Basra, the bacteria were identified as Klebsiella pneumonia. According to the findings, the isolates showed a highly significant difference in degradation of PET (24% during 7 days) and the percent of degradation increased to 46% at 4 weeks compared to the control. The study also involved determining the optimum temperature of K. pneumonia growth, which was 37°C, while the preferred pH was 7-8. The research revealed that PET biodegradation by K. pneumonia can be used as a suitable and environmentally friendly tool.