bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocean frontier assemblages: Critical insights from Canada's industrial salmon sector
Authors: Knott Christine , Mather Charles
Published: July 2021

The ocean frontier has become central to a range of new and emerging strategies aimed at realizing the potential of the ocean economy. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the configuration of the ocean as a frontier and its role in transforming marine spaces through the case of salmon aquaculture in Canada. To this end, we engage with ‘frontier assemblage’, an analytic that is developed from scholarship on agrarian and extractive resource frontiers in Asia. We use this approach to identify and extend three interrelated conceptual sensibilities. First, we use ‘frontierization’ to suggest that ocean frontier spaces are not only articulated at leading edges. Instead, frontierization happens at indeterminate sites, including those that have undergone earlier rounds of capitalist resource extraction. Second, we explore how ocean frontier resource extraction is assembled in ways that are indeterminate, but not radically open. Using the case of salmon aquaculture in Newfoundland, we show how resource extraction could have been ‘otherwise’. Third, we critically assess the promissory politics that are key to the ocean frontier. We argue that the frontier assemblage analytic—and the sensibilities we use—provides an approach to critically assess strategies aimed at realizing the ‘untapped’ resources of the ocean frontier.
MMP‐1 (519 A/G) and TIMP‐1 (372 T/C) genes polymorphism in an Egyptian sample of Acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Mohammed Shimaa Moustafa Ali , Sabry Hanan Hassan , Ameen Seham Gouda , Salem Rehab Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Background

Different Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family members may be implicated in acne vulgaris development. However, there are no published data about the role of MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 gene polymorphisms in acne vulgaris development.

Aims

To evaluate the association between MMP‐1 (519 A/G) and TIMP‐1 (372 T/C) gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing acne vulgaris among a sample of Egyptian acne patients.

Patients/Methods

This case‐control study included 100 acne vulgaris patients and 120 apparently healthy control subjects. Acne severity was assessed according to Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). MMP‐1 (519 A/G) and TIMP‐1 (372 T/C) gene polymorphisms were investigated using RFLP‐PCR technique.

Results

The MMP‐1 (519 A/G) AG and GG genotypes and G allele increase the risk of acne vulgaris~2–3 folds. In female patients, TIMP‐1 (372 C/T) TT genotype and T allele showed significantly higher frequency in cases compared with the control group (p = 0.004, 0.001 respectively) with a higher risk to develop acne. On the other hand, in male patients, there was insignificant difference between the frequency of alleles in patients and control subjects. TIMP‐1 (372C/T) TT genotype has been shown to be significantly detected in the studied female patients associated with the positive family history of the disease, and it increases the risk of back affection, severe acne grade development, and the liability to postacne scar formation.

Conclusion

MMP‐1 (519 A/G) and TIMP‐1 (372 T/C) gene polymorphisms may be related to acne vulgaris development.
Volk eye check ocular measurement device for objective periorbital measurements: A prospective study
Authors: Naik Milind N. , Tiwari Arundhati , Gattu Naresh , Ali Mohammad Hasnat
Published: July 2021

Background

Volk Eye Check (VEC) is a portable digital ocular measurement device that automatically captures clinical photographs with facial measurements in real time (Volk Optical Inc), claiming to reduce measurement errors. The accuracy and repeatability of this ocular measurement device in the periorbital region has not been reported.

Aim

To report the reproducibility and repeatability of periocular biometric measurements using Volk Eye Check Ocular measurement device.

Methods

Prospective, single blind, comparative study. Two experts performed digital photography of 100 volunteers using the standard photography technique using Oculoplasty module of the Volk Eye Check ocular measurement device. Each expert photographed the volunteer twice, to obtain two sets of automated printouts of 13 periorbital biometrics that were measured automatically by the ocular measurement device. Bland Altman plot and multiple comparisons of means from linear mixed‐effects model fit by REML using simultaneous contrasts with p values reported by Bonferroni method were used as statistical tests to analyze following parameters: MRD1 (margin reflex distance‐1), MRD2 (margin reflex distance‐2), PFH (palpebral fissure height), HVID (horizontal visible iris diameter), ALL (aperture length at lateral limbus), and ALM (aperture length at medial limbus).

Results

The mean inter‐observer difference in measurement (mm) was as follows: MRD1 (0.04), MRD2 (0.02), HVID (0.01), PFH (0.03), ALL (0.05), ALM (0.08). The mean intra‐observer difference in measurement (mm) was as follows: MRD1 (0.02), MRD2 (0.09), HVID (0.0), PFH (0.09), ALL (0.06), ALM (0.05).

Conclusion

Periorbital biometric measurements using Volk Eye Check ocular measurement devices are highly reproducible and repeatable. The oculoplasty module of Volk Eye Check ocular measurement device can provide reliable periorbital measurements for routine clinical use and for objective clinical studies.
Could acne be a risk factor for developing eating disorders? Acne vulgaris and eating disorders
Authors: Öner Ümran , Hacınecipoğlu Fatmanur
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Skin findings such as acne, hypertrichosis, and hyperpigmentation may be a clue for the diagnosis of eating disorders. There are studies on skin findings in eating disorders, but there is no study evaluating eating disorders in acne patients. We aimed to investigate eating disorders in acne patients and evaluate the effect of acne severity, quality of life, and body mass index (BMI) on eating disorders.

Methods

Two hundred thirty‐two acne patients and 314 healthy controls were enrolled. Acne severity was detected according to Grading Acne Severity Scale (GAGS) by the dermatologists. Eating Attitude Test‐40 (EAT) and Acne Quality of Life Scale (AQLS) were filled out by patients. The controls filled out EAT. Individuals scoring EAT≥30 points were considered at risk for eating disorders.

Results

The median EAT score (15 vs. 13) and the number of patients scoring EAT ≥30 (14.2% vs. 2.2%) were found to be significantly higher in the patients’ group compared with control group (p: 0.005, p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between EAT score and AQLS score but no significant relationship between acne severity and EAT score. A significant positive correlation was found between EAT scores and BMI.

Conclusion

Eating disorders and acne are mostly seen in adolescence, and both have high biopsychosocial morbidity. Also eating disorders can even be mortal sometimes. There are common psychopathological mechanisms in eating disorders and acne.
Tapentadol and oxycodone affect resting‐state functional brain connectivity: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Croosu Suganthiya S. , Frøkjær Jens B. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Hansen Tine M.
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose

The changes in functional brain connectivity induced by treatment with analgesics are poorly investigated. Unfortunately, results from clinical studies investigating treatments in patients with pain are often confounded by co‐medication and comorbidity. Thalamus is central in sensory processing, and we hypothesized that functional connectivity between thalamus and other brain areas in healthy volunteers was different in treatment with oxycodone, representing a pure opioid, compared to treatment with tapentadol, which has a dual effect on the opioidergic and adrenergic systems.

Methods

Twenty‐one healthy male volunteers were included in a randomized, double‐blind, three‐armed, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. All received tapentadol (50 mg extended release), oxycodone (10 mg extended release), or placebo twice daily for 14 days. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained before and after treatment. Seed‐based functional connectivity analyses were performed between thalamus and other brain regions.

Results

Compared to placebo, tapentadol increased functional connectivity between left thalamus and precentral cortex (P = .048), whereas oxycodone decreased functional connectivity between bilateral thalamus and the anterior cingulate cortex (P ≤ .005).

Conclusions

This study has shown that the functional connectivity between thalamus and other brain areas central in pain processing was different for the tapentadol and oxycodone treatments compared to placebo. This supports that the two treatments exert different mechanism of action. Further studies with larger sample sizes need to be carried out in order to validate this.
The cost of investigating weight‐related comorbidities in children and adolescents in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Karalus Miriam A , Sullivan Trudy A , Wild Cervantée E , Cave Tami L , O'Sullivan Niamh A , Hofman Paul L , Edwards Elizabeth A , Mouat Stephen , Wong William , Anderson Yvonne C
Published: July 2021

Aim

Expert recommendations for child/adolescent obesity include extensive investigation for weight‐related comorbidities, based on body mass index (BMI) percentile cut‐offs. This study aimed to estimate the cost of initial investigations for weight‐related comorbidities in children/adolescents with obesity, according to international expert guidelines.

Methods

The annual mean cost of investigations for weight‐related comorbidities in children/adolescents was calculated from a health‐funder perspective using 2019 cost data obtained from three New Zealand District Health Boards. Prevalence data for child/adolescent obesity (aged 2–14 years) were obtained from the New Zealand Health Survey (2017/2018), and prevalence of weight‐related comorbidities requiring further investigation were obtained from a previous New Zealand study of a cohort of children with obesity.

Results

The cost of initial laboratory screening for weight‐related comorbidities per child was NZD 28.36. Based on national prevalence data from 2018/2019 for children with BMI greater than the 98th percentile (obesity cut‐off), the total annual cost for initial laboratory screening for weight‐related comorbidities in children/adolescents aged 2–14 years with obesity was estimated at NZD 2,665,840. The cost of further investigation in the presence of risk factors was estimated at NZD 2,972,934.

Conclusions

Investigating weight‐related comorbidities in New Zealand according to international expert guidelines is resource‐intensive. Ways to further determine who warrants investigation with an individualised approach are required.
Efficacy of topical steroid treatment in children with severe phimosis in China: A long‐term single centre prospective study
Authors: Zhou Guanglun , Jiang Man , Yang Zhilin , Xu Wanhua , Li Shoulin
Published: July 2021

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of topical steroid (0.1% mometasone furoate) therapy and factors affecting long‐term outcome of paediatric severe phimosis in China.

Methods

A total of 1550 patients with severe phimosis classified by Kikiros system were prospectively enrolled in the study from January 2016 to February 2020. They were prescribed with 0.1% mometasone furoate twice a day for 4 weeks. Patients were re‐evaluated at the end of weeks 2, 4, 8 and 6 months follow‐up.

Results

A total of 1499 patients completed the treatment, 71.1% responded at the end of week 4. The long‐term success rate was 66.0% over a mean follow‐up of 26.9 months. The success rate of grade 4 phimosis was significantly higher than that of grade 5 at 4, 8 weeks and 6 months (P = 0.005, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with balanoposthitis had a poorer outcome compared with patients without symptoms and patients symptoms by prepuce ballooning or urinary tract infections (P < 0.001). Initial grade of 5 phimosis and symptom with balanoposthitis were independent risk factors for recurrence. All patients had no systemic side effects, 23 cases developed local erythema or burning sensation.

Conclusion

Topical steroid (0.1% mometasone furoate) is an effective treatment for severe phimosis in children. The recurrence was related to the grade or symptoms of severe phimosis.
Arginine promotes testicular development in boars through nitric oxide and putrescine
Authors: Wei Dongqin , Wu De , Zeng Wenxian , Che Lianqiang , Xu Shengyu , Fang Zhengfeng , Feng Bin , Li Jian , Zhuo Yong , Wu Caimei , Zhang Junjie , Lin Yan
Published: July 2021

The present work aimed to explore the influence and underlying mechanisms involving arginine in testicular development in boars. To this end, thirty 30‐day‐old male Duroc piglets (7.00 ± 0.30 kg) were randomly sorted into two groups, maintained on either a basal diet (CON, n = 15) or a diet supplemented with 0.8% arginine (ARG, n = 15). Blood and testicular samples were collected during the experimental period to analyse amino acid composition and arginine metabolite levels. The results showed that dietary supplementation with arginine increased number of spermatogonia and height of the seminiferous epithelium (p < 0.05). Sperm density, total number and effective number of sperm of the boars in the ARG group increased significantly compared with those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Although arginine supplementation did not affect plasma amino acid levels, testicular arginine levels in 150‐day‐old boars exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05). The level of serum nitric oxide (NO) and activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) also increased in 150‐day‐old boars in the ARG group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, dietary supplementation with arginine increased testicular levels of putrescine in 150‐day‐old boars (p < 0.05). These results indicated that arginine supplementation increased serum NO levels and testicular arginine and putrescine abundance, thereby improving testicular development and semen quality in boars.
Factors explaining the composition and diversity of vascular plant understories along a transcontinental gradient in the Canadian boreal forest
Authors: Crispo Maude , Jean Mélanie , Fenton Nicole J. , Leduc Alain , Bergeron Yves
Published: July 2021

Aim

Impacts of longitudinal gradients on species distributions have received less attention than latitudinal gradients. In Canada, precipitation varies longitudinally, with direct effects on plant growth and fire regimes. Despite the geographical extent of Canadian boreal forests, vascular plant diversity is relatively limited, with just under 300 species. Understorey communities comprise most of this diversity and play key roles in forests, affecting succession, nutrient cycling and wildlife habitat. Our objective was to evaluate the relative impacts of local and regional environmental conditions on vascular plant community composition and diversity in the boreal forest.

Location

Sampling took place in 33 trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands along a transcontinental gradient in precipitation and fire regimes in boreal Canada.

Methods

We measured community composition and vegetation diversity indices of the vascular understorey in 400‐m2plots and measured environmental variables at the local (drainage, nutrient and light availability, site heterogeneity) and regional (annual temperature and precipitation, fire weather index, landscape heterogeneity) scales. Multivariate analyses and hierarchical model selection were used to analyze patterns.

Results

Species composition varied longitudinally, with western and eastern species pools. Western indicator species tended to be fire‐adapted pioneer species, while indicator species at eastern sites were fire avoiders and late‐successional species. Species richness and intra‐site beta diversity seemed primarily driven by local variables and did not vary across the country. Species evenness, however, was slightly higher in the western region and decreased under higher precipitation, colder temperatures, and higher landscape‐level heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that even for similar canopy composition environmental variables play a key role in the establishment of plant communities and structure local plant assemblages by selecting or eliminating species from the regional pool, which was also controlled by fire regimes.
Zebrafish U6 promoter driving short‐hairpin RNA expression for PmRab7 knockdown to inhibit yellow head virus infection in shrimp hemocytes
Authors: Thaiprasansup Wilasinee , Pewkliang Yongyut , Kiem Hoa Khanh Tran , Nuntakarn Lalana , Taengchaiyaphum Suparat , Saksmerprome Vanvimon , Panyim Sakol , Flegel Timothy W. , Sritunyalucksana Kallaya , Borwornpinyo Suparerk
Published: July 2021

RNA interference (RNAi) was investigated as potential antiviral strategy to mitigate losses in shrimp aquaculture. With this aim, an effective short‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) expressed intracellularly from bacterial vectors incorporating eukaryotic promoters offers an alternative to an injected synthetic small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) or long double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). The vector‐based RNAi designed to contain a U6 snRNA polymerase III promoter sequence from zebrafish (Danio rerio) for driving shRNA was previously introduced to shrimp cell extract and was able to express the shRNA. Here, four DNA plasmids containing putative zebrafish U6 promoter to drive shRNA against PmRab7‐specific sequence were used to transfect primary hemocyte culture. The cells were subsequently infected by Yellow head virus (YHV). As results, when analyzed by RT‐PCR at 24 hr post‐transfection, Penaeus monodon Rab7 (PmRab7) mRNA transcription was inhibited most significantly by the pshPmRab7‐2 construct. YHV replication in primary shrimp hemocyte cultures was shown to be inhibited substantially by this PmRab7 gene‐specific hpRNA construct. Transfection of pshPmRab7‐2 construct also reduced YHV replication most effectively when analyzed similarly between 24 hr until 72 hr post‐infection. These results demonstrate a potential application of DNA‐based shRNA construct as effective molecule for antiviral therapy in shrimp.
Pollination biology and breeding system analysis of Ulmus wallichiana Planchon (Ulmaceae), a rare and threatened tree species of Central and Western Himalaya
Authors: Roy Sudip Kumar , Khanduri Priyanka , Bhatnagar Ashok K. , Pandey Arun K.
Published: July 2021

Understanding the constraints on sexual reproduction of a plant species are important for predicting stability of the species in its natural habitat. In the absence of such data, any conservation efforts are arbitrary and remain ineffective. We investigated the reproductive ecology and breeding system of a rare and threatened tree species of central and western Himalaya, Ulmus wallichiana. The phenology, floral biology and pollination mechanism were observed in two populations for three consecutive years. In addition, breeding system and pollen limitation were examined using hand‐pollination experiments. Flowering in U. wallichiana begins in early March during which trees are leafless and small, pinkish‐white flowers cover the entire tree. Pollination is accomplished exclusively by wind with short average distances for pollen dispersal (~50 m). Pollination manipulation experiments showed high fruit set on outcrossing indicating U. wallichiana is xenogamous. However, a small percent of fruit set in autogamous and geitonogamous treatments indicates partial self‐incompatibility. Fruit set augmented when pollen was supplemented indicating that natural fruit set in U. wallichiana is limited due to unavailability of adequate pollen. Thus, it can be concluded that reproductive success of U. wallichiana is compromised due to scarcity of conspecifics and partial SI may partly ensure reproductive assurance in the low pollen exchange environment. The present study emphasizes on establishment of minimum population size with optimum distance between trees for effective conservation interventions.
Molecular mechanisms of stomatal closure in response to rising vapour pressure deficit
Authors: Jalakas Pirko , Takahashi Yohei , Waadt Rainer , Schroeder Julian I. , Merilo Ebe
Published: July 2021

Vapour pressure deficit (VPD), the difference between the saturation and actual air vapour pressures, indicates the level of atmospheric drought and evaporative pressure on plants. VPD increases during climate change due to changes in air temperature and relative humidity. Rising VPD induces stomatal closure to counteract the VPD‐mediated evaporative water loss from plants. There are important gaps in our understanding of the molecular VPD‐sensing and signalling mechanisms in stomatal guard cells. Here, we discuss recent advances, research directions and open questions with respect to the three components that participate in VPD‐induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis, including: (1) abscisic acid (ABA)‐dependent and (2) ABA‐independent regulation of the protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), and (3) the passive hydraulic stomatal response. In the ABA‐dependent component, two models are proposed: ABA may be rapidly synthesised or its basal levels may be involved in the stomatal VPD response. Further studies on stomatal VPD signalling should clarify: (1) whether OST1 activation above basal activity is needed for VPD responses, (2) which components are involved in ABA‐independent regulation of OST1, (3) the role of other potential OST1 targets in VPD signalling, and (4) to which extent OST1 contributes to stomatal VPD sensitivity in other plant species.
On the risk of abrupt changes in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in CMIP6 models
Authors: Swingedouw Didier , Bily Adrien , Esquerdo Claire , Borchert Leonard F. , Sgubin Giovanni , Mignot Juliette , Menary Matthew
Published: July 2021

CMIP5 models have been shown to exhibit rapid cooling events in their projections of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Here, we analyze the CMIP6 archive, searching for such rapid cooling events in the new generation of models. Four models out of 35 exhibit such instabilities. The climatic impacts of these events are large on decadal timescales, with a substantial effect on surface temperature over Europe, precipitation pattern in the tropics—most notably the Sahel and Amazon regions—and a possible impact on the mean atmospheric circulation. The mechanisms leading to these events are related to the collapse of deep convection in the subpolar gyre, modifying profoundly the oceanic circulation. Analysis of stratification in the subpolar gyre as compared with observations highlights that the biases of the models explain relatively well the spread in their projections of surface temperature trends: models showing the smallest stratification biases over the recent period also show the weakest warming trends. The models exhibiting abrupt cooling rank among the 11 best models for this stratification indicator, leading to a risk of encountering an abrupt cooling event of up to 36.4%, slightly lower than the 45.5% estimated in CMIP5 models.
The diagnosis and management of multiple Brown tumours in tertiary hyperparathyroidism in the Jaws
Authors: Loh Melissa , Feinberg Lee , Nixon Paul
Published: July 2021

A 56‐year‐old male patient presented to an emergency dental service with multiple intra‐oral swellings. The intra‐oral swellings were seen radiographically as punched out radiolucencies in the upper right first molar region and the lower left second molar region.The patient had a complex medical history which included a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), tertiary hyperparathyroidism and papillary thyroid cancer. Thyroid metastasis and Brown tumours were therefore considered as the differential diagnosis. The radiographic appearance favoured Brown tumours. The tumour in the upper right quadrant was excised with histology confirming Brown tumours. Surgical parathyroidectomy was subsequently performed. There was no further surgical intervention undertaken following the parathyroidectomy and over time, both intra‐oral swellings were found well healed with bony infiltration at both sites.
The Logical Analysis of Colour Statements in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus
Authors: Blue Bradford F.
Published: July 2021

Following G. E. M. Anscombe, most commentators on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico‐philosophicus have held that §6.3751 rules out colour propositions as elementary propositions. However, a careful reading of some passages from The Big Typescript, MS 105 and MS 103, on the logical structure of colour and the logical analysis of colour statements, shows that the elementary propositions of the Tractatus include colour propositions. It follows that Anscombe’s interpretation of §6.3751 is mistaken.
Efficacy of Adjunctive Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Mechanical Debridement in the Treatment of Peri‐implantitis or Peri‐implant Mucositis in Smokers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Shahmohammadi Rojin , Younespour Shima , Paknejad Mojgan , Chiniforush Nasim , Heidari Mohadeseh
Published: July 2021

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a‐PDT) in peri‐implant diseases improves clinical outcomes in smokers. An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The primary outcome measures were bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD). Plaque index (PI) was the secondary outcome. Four RCTs, (188 participants) comprised of 118 cigarette smokers, 38 E‐cig smokers and 32 water pipe smokers with follow‐up periods ranged from 6 weeks to 6 months were recruited. All trials applied diode laser in one session with wavelengths ranged from 660 to 670 nm. There was a significant difference between mechanical debridement (MD)+a‐PDT and MD alone groups in PD (WMD = −1.26 mm, 95% CI: −2.19 to −0.32, P = 0.01) and PI (WMD = −10.60%, 95% CI: −14.46 to −6.74, P < 0.001) at 3‐month follow‐up. However, a great amount of heterogeneity was observed (PD: χ2 = 199.19, I2 = 98%, P < 0.001 and PI: χ2 = 25.63, I2 = 84.4%, P < 0.001). Due to methodological heterogeneity and small number of studies, this systematic review was unable to reach conclusive evidence in regards of adjunctive a‐PDT efficacy in improving clinical parameters in smokers.
Accidental aspiration of removable dental prosthesis in a patient with Creutzfeldt‐Jacob disease
Authors: Baldo Mario Eduardo , Raffaele Regina Maria , Santanna Gabriel Umbelino , da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio
Published: July 2021

Accidents involving dental prostheses are unusual but relevant, which may result in complications in the upper respiratory airways and esophagus. A 47‐year‐old male patient with Creutzfeldt‐Jacob disease (CJD), completely dependent on care, was reported by his family to have a partial obstruction and intraoral bleeding after swallowing his upper Removable Partial Denture (RPD). After difficulties in the endoscopy procedure, a surgical approach by exploratory cervicotomy to remove the prosthetic device was conducted, without postoperative complications. Considering individual impairments and the patients’ advanced age, the removal of dental prostheses during sleep or for patients under intensive care is a preventive strategy to reduce comorbidities in patients with unstable health conditions.
Perceptions of person‐centred care in two large university hospitals: A cross‐sectional survey among healthcare professionals
Authors: Johnsen Anna Thit , Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi , Skovbakke Søren Jensen , Rottmann Nina , Thomsen Thora G. , Eskildsen Nanna B. , Pedersen Susanne S.
Published: July 2021

Background

Patient‐centred care (PCC) including collaborative practices is the core component of modern health care. Despite this, it has proven difficult to implement.

Aims

To examine (1) healthcare professionals’ (HCPs’) perception of whether they perceive a PCC culture, their attitudes towards involving patients in decisions and their experiences of barriers for PCC; and (2) variables that may contribute to explain differences in perceived person‐centred culture.

Methods

A questionnaire survey of HCPs from 27 different departments from two university hospitals in Denmark. HCPs were eligible if they held a profession as physician, Registered Nurse, nurse assistant, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, dietician, midwife or psychologist and excluded if they reported not being involved in patient treatment and care. The questionnaire consisted of four items from the Context Assessment Index (CAI). The remaining items were purpose‐designed.

Results

In total 1140 (24% response rate) HCPs completed the questionnaire and were included in the analyses. Most of the HCPs perceived a culture of PCC (e.g. 91% agreed or agreed to a high degree that patients were provided with opportunities to participate in decisions). Most HCPs also held positive attitudes towards involving patients in decisions. Time and prioritisation from the management were perceived as barriers for PCC, and many HCPs also believed that involving patients in decisions could be difficult for the patients. The HCPs who were least involved in treatment and care, and working in the acute setting or in surgery, were least likely to perceive a PCC culture. HCPs with the longest or shortest educations, and HCPs working primarily with outpatients or with planned inpatients, were most likely to perceive a person‐centred culture.

Conclusion

The HCPs generally perceived a culture of PCC and held positive attitudes towards involving patients in decisions. To further promote PCC, time and prioritisation must be invested at an organisational level.
Recognition and Disregard: The Relationship Between Racial Apathy and Liberal Reforms on Monetary Sanctions
Authors: Henricks Kasey , Ortiz Ruben
Published: July 2021

We extend prior studies on racial apathy and monetary sanctions by uncovering the relationship between the two within the realm of preferences for liberal reforms. Our study draws upon the Chicago Area Finances Survey, 2019 to answer three basic questions: (1) Is racial apathy an empirically distinct form of modern prejudice? (2) Is racial apathy of political consequence for liberal reforms on monetary sanctions? (3) Does racial apathy influence other groups besides whites? The reforms we measure feature policies that address the growing debt tied to legal infractions, including the establishment of monthly payment plans, permitting legal debt to be exchanged for community service, and fulfilling debt obligations with the completion of programs that enhance human capital. We find that racial apathy is especially relevant for predicting who withholds support for liberal reforms on monetary sanctions.
Information, reflection, and successful job search: A labor market policy experiment
Authors: Mühlböck Monika , Kalleitner Fabian , Steiber Nadia , Kittel Bernhard
Published: July 2021

Jobseekers, especially young people with little experience on the job market, face several challenges. They need to know which jobs are suited for them, where to find them, how to apply, and they need resilience in the face of repeated rejections. Previous research has shown that receiving information and reflecting on how to search for a job enhance self‐efficacy and search motivation, thereby reducing the duration of unemployment spells. Following up on these results, we conducted an experiment in cooperation with the Austrian Ministry of Social Affairs which combines an “information nudge” in the form of a short video‐clip with what we call “reflection nudge” in the form of an online survey. We find that a treatment combining reflection and information reduces job search duration of young unemployed people with a low level of formal education. Considering the low costs of the intervention, efficiency is very high.
Removing the Owner: Non‐Specified Possessor Marking in Arawak Languages*
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y.
Published: July 2021

In most Arawak languages, obligatorily possessed nouns are bound forms. They have to be accompanied by a possessor. If the possessor is unknown or irrelevant, the noun will take the non‐specified possessor suffix. A suffix of the same segmental form occurs in deverbal nominalizations with unspecified arguments, or as a nominalizer on verbs. We hypothesise that the non‐specified possessor suffix was originally a feature of obligatorily possessed nouns denoting body parts and a selection of culturally important items (including ‘house’) but not kinship terms. The common Arawak polysemy of a non‐specified possessor marker and a nominalizer, reconstructible for the proto‐language, appears to be cross‐linguistically rare.
Mitochondrial genomes within bark lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Psocomorpha) reveal novel gene rearrangements containing phylogenetic signal
Authors: Saenz Manchola Oscar Fernando , Virrueta Herrera Stephany , D'Alessio Lorenzo Mario , Yoshizawa Kazunori , García Aldrete Alfonso Neri , Johnson Kevin P.
Published: July 2021

Psocodea (booklice and parasitic lice) is an order of insects containing species with extensive mitochondrial genome rearrangements, particularly within the suborder Troctomorpha, in which some species possess an extremely fragmented mitochondrial genome with several small minichromosomes. In the remaining suborders of Psocodea, there are groups with the ancestral pancrustacean arrangement, quite extensive rearrangements (e.g. Trogiomorpha), or in which the small number of species analysed to date have rearrangements of only a few protein‐coding genes and/or tRNAs (e.g. Psocomorpha). Despite the apparent high rate of rearrangements in the order as a whole, a small number of complete mitochondrial genomes are available, especially for suborder Psocomorpha, the largest free‐living suborder. To understand the evolution of the gene arrangement of the mitochondrial genome within Psocomorpha and its phylogenetic implications, we assembled and analysed the mitochondrial genomes of 33 species of bark lice belonging to nine families in two infraorders. Within the infraorder Homilopsocidea, four families were analysed, mainly from Lachesillidae (which included 22 species of this family). Within the infraorder Caeciliusetae, seven species representing five families were analysed. Mitochondrial gene rearrangements were identified in seven of the nine families. Some of these rearrangements were unique to a single species, while some contained phylogenetic signal, being shared by related species. These rearrangements typically corresponded to transpositions and inversions of tRNAs, possibly caused by tandem duplication–random loss (TDRL) and/or recombination events. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial gene sequences provided phylogenetic resolution for several branches of the tree, including monophyly of Lachesillinae. The genus Hemicaecilius Enderlein was found to be embedded within the genus Lachesilla Westwood, rending the latter paraphyletic. Monophyly was also never recovered for Lachesillidae and Elipsocidae as currently defined. However, instability was observed for some higher level relationships within Psocomorpha, including the relationships among the major clades of Lachesillidae.
Clinical findings associated with blunt ocular trauma in horses: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Charnock Lauren N. , Keys Deborah A. , McMullen Richard J.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Identify ocular findings associated with blunt ocular trauma to aid in differentiation from other equine ocular diseases.

Study design

Retrospective case‐control study.

Methods

Medical records of horses at the Equine Clinic Munich‐Riem, Munich, Germany and Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed. Age, sex, breed, laterality, and clinical findings on ophthalmic examination, as well as an observed (confirmed) or unobserved (suspected) history of trauma, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify any correlation between clinical signs and blunt ocular trauma. Fifty‐nine clinical signs were evaluated, and their association with blunt ocular trauma and non‐traumatic uveitis was determined. The frequency of clinical signs associated with non‐traumatic uveitis was also reported.

Results

Fifty‐five eyes affected with blunt trauma were included. The comparison group consisted of 233 eyes (168 horses) diagnosed with non‐traumatic uveitis. The most frequent ocular findings after BOT included cataract (36/55, 65.5%), corneal edema (26/55, 47.2%), decreased intraocular pressure (23/55, 41.8%), aqueous flare (19/55, 34.5%), lens subluxation, luxation, or lens loss (18/55, 32.7%), fibrin in the anterior chamber (18/55, 32.7%), hyphema (16/55, 29.1%), peripapillary depigmentation (“butterfly lesion”) (16/55, 29.1%), conjunctival hyperemia (16/55, 29.1%), corneal fibrosis (15/55, 27.3%), corpora nigra avulsion (14/55, 25.5%), blepharospasm (13/55, 23.6%), and iridodialysis (11/55, 20.0%).

Conclusions

The characteristic pattern of ocular signs associated with blunt ocular trauma may assist in differentiation from other types of uveitis and may improve interpretation of ocular lesions identified during pre‐purchase examinations. This study also represents the first peer‐reviewed documented and photographed cases of iridodialysis in the horse.
Hematoma subdural crónico. Una actualización y revisión
Authors: Rojas Quiñones Maria Ximena , Gómez Vega Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

El hematoma subdural crónico es una de las entidades más frecuentes en la práctica médica general y neuroquirúrgica, por lo cual, su diagnóstico y tratamiento mejora el pronóstico de los pacientes. El factor más frecuente implicado para el desarrollo es el trauma, sin embargo, se conocen otros factores como la  antigcoagulación, la fragilidad o dependencia funcional total, las comorbilidades, la atrofia cerebral, entre otros. El tratamiento del hematoma subdural crónico es quirúrgico, cuando este esta contraindicado, es recurrente o no esta indicada la intervención quirurgica, se plantean otros tratamientos como el manejo médico y la embolización de la arteria meníngea media, obteniendo gran auje en los últimos años este último. El objetivo del presente articulo es describir los conceptos generales del hematoma subdural crónico, énfasis en el manejo médico actual y la terapia endovascular
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website.
The Effects of Acute and Long-Term Whole-Body Vibration Training on the Postural Control During Cognitive Task in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Tohidast Seyed Abolfazl , Bagheri Rasool , Safavi-Farokhi Ziaeddin , Khaleghi Hashemian Mohammad , Delkhosh Cyrus Taghizadeh
Published: July 2021

Context: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common problem associated with impaired postural stability. Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been developed to improve muscle function and reportedly improves postural stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 sessions of WBV on postural control during standing postural task in participants with CAI. Design: A controlled clinical trial study. Methods: Sixteen participants with CAI and 16 healthy participants aged between 20 and 40 years included in this study. They received WBV (30-Hz frequency, 3 series of four 45-s exercises with a 45-s rest) for a total of 12 sessions, 2 session per week for 6 weeks. Postural control was assessed by center of pressure (COP) parameters, including mean and SD in the anterior–posterior and medial–lateral displacement during single-leg standing. Assessments were done before and immediately after the first session and after the 12th session of WBV, with opened and closed eyes associated with easy and difficult cognitive tasks. Results: The results showed that the SD of COP displacement in the x-axis was significant in eyes opened and SD of COP displacement in the x- and y-axes were significant between groups in the eyes-opened, and eyes-closed conditions (P < .05). Analysis of variance indicated that the effect of WBV training was significant for the mean of COP displacement in the y-axis. Post hoc indicated that the effect of 12 sessions of WBV on the mean of COP displacement was significant in the CAI group (P < .05). However, the acute effect of WBV was not significant on the COP displacement in all axes (P > .05). Conclusion: Higher postural sway associated with postural cognitive interactions might be considered in the rehabilitation of CAI. Twelve sessions of WBV might induce some improvement in postural control with the method of WBV used in this study.
Fishing for a complement signal in the germinal center
Authors: Siniscalco Emily R. , Eisenbarth Stephanie C.
Published: July 2021

Complement signaling on B cells affects germinal center dynamics.
Vein topology, structures, and distribution during the prograde formation of an Archean gold stockwork
Authors: Turlin François , De Souza Stéphane , Jébrak Michel , Groulier Pierre-Arthur , Turcotte Jordi
Published: July 2021

The Archean Cheechoo stockwork gold deposit is hosted by a felsic intrusion of tonalitic-granodioritic composition and crosscutting pegmatite dikes in the Eeyou Istchee James Bay area of Quebec, Canada (Archean Superior craton). The evolution of the stockwork is characterized herein using field relationships, vein density, and connectivity measurements on drill core and outcrop zones. The statistical distribution of gold is used to highlight mechanisms of stockwork emplacement and gold mineralization and remobilization.

Two statistical populations of gold concentration are present. Population A is represented by gold grades below 1 g/t with a lognormal cumulative frequency. It is widespread in the hydrothermally altered (albite and quartz) and mineralized facies of the pluton. It is controlled by the development of quartz-feldspar-diopside veins as shown by the similar lognormal distribution of grades and vein density and by the correspondence of grades with network connectivity. Diopside and actinolite porphyroblasts in deformed veins within sodic and calcsilicate alteration zones are evidence for auriferous vein emplacement prior to the amphibolite facies peak of metamorphism.

Population B (>1 g/t) is erratic and exhibits a strong nugget effect. It is present throughout the mineralized portion of the pluton and in pegmatites. This population is interpreted as the result of gold remobilization during prograde metamorphism and pegmatite emplacement following the metamorphic peak. The pegmatites are interpreted to have scavenged gold emplaced prior to peak metamorphism.

These results show the isotropic behavior of the investigated stockwork during regional deformation and its development during the early stages of regional prograde metamorphism.
Supplemental Material: Hydrothermal alteration can result in pore pressurization and volcano instability
Authors: Heap Michael , al. et
Published: July 2021

Sample location maps and photographs, sample photographs, thin section images, mineral componentry of the samples, additional methods, selected laboratory data, more details on the upscaling and model, and additional models.
Myths and misconceptions in the management ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection
Authors: Bornschein Jan , Pritchard D Mark
Published: July 2021

The discovery ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in 1984 revolutionised the management of several common upper gastrointestinal diseases. However, some of the clinical practices that were adopted following discovery of this organism have become less appropriate over the intervening years. This article discusses five ‘myths and misconceptions’ that we believe have now emerged and which we argue need re-evaluation. Although the prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection is decreasing in some developed countries, it remains a huge global problem and the most serious consequence of infection, gastric adenocarcinoma, is still a major cause of mortality. The epidemiology ofH. pylori-related diseases is also changing and careful testing remains crucially important, especially in patients with peptic ulceration. Eradication ofH. pyloriinfection has also become much more difficult over recent years as a result of the widespread acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Routine assessment of the success of eradication should therefore now be performed. Finally, there has been increased awareness about the role ofH. pyloriin the multistep pathway of gastric carcinogenesis, about the opportunities to prevent cancer development by eradicating this infection in some individuals and about detecting high-risk preneoplastic changes via endoscopic surveillance. The discovery ofH. pyloriwas rightly honoured by the award of the Nobel prize for Physiology and Medicine in 2005. However, unless we re-evaluate and update the ways in which we manageH. pyloriinfection, much of the fantastic progress that has been made in this field of medicine may tragically be lost once again.
Ticagrelor resistance: a case series and algorithm for management of non-responders
Authors: Laurent Dimitri , Dodd William S , Small Coulter , Gooch M Reid , Ghosh Ritam , Goutnik Michael , Blatt Tasha , Porche Ken , Geh Ndi , Adamczak Stephanie , Polifka Adam J , Brzezicki Grzegorz , Hoh Brian , Chalouhi Nohra
Published: July 2021

The placement of cervical and intracranial stents requires the administration of antiplatelet drugs to prevent thromboembolic complications. Ticagrelor has emerged as the most widely used alternative in clopidogrel non-responders owing to its potent antiplatelet effects. Because ticagrelor does not require hepatic activation, many neurointerventionalists choose to forgo laboratory testing of platelet inhibition. In rare instances, patients may not achieve adequate platelet inhibition following ticagrelor administration. In this paper we review the mechanism of action of ticagrelor and its use in cerebrovascular procedures. We present two cases of ticagrelor non-responsiveness from two high-volume cerebrovascular centers, discuss their management, and propose an algorithm for managing ticagrelor non-responsiveness.
Computer Simulation of Extended Neyman–Pearson Detector in Monostatic Pulse Radar
Authors: Keković Goran , Kopanja Lazar , Stamenković Negovan
Published: July 2021

An extended Neyman–Pearson detector based on the combination of a traditional matched and wavelet filter in pulsed monostatic radar was proposed in this paper. Its properties were compared with properties of the cell average constant false alarm radar detector in the presence of white noise. The properties of detectors were examined in the receiver operating characteristic curves, parameter space. It consisted of false detection rate and the rate of true positive detected targets. In order to investigate the influence of temperature, the new parameter space was constructed: the temperature versus the rate of true positive detected targets. The traditional Neyman–Pearson detector based on a matched filter was fully operational and superior in the temperature range between 290[Formula: see text]K and 350[Formula: see text]K. Below this temperature range, its performance is completely degraded. It has been shown that by adding a wavelet filter, it can extend this temperature range between 260[Formula: see text]K and 350[Formula: see text]K. In the temperature range, where all detectors are fully operational, extended and classic Neyman–Pearson detectors had better performance than constant false alarm radar detector in the receiver operating characteristic curves’ parameter space.