bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of alcohol use on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ragan E. J. , Kleinman M. B. , Sweigart B. , Gnatienko N. , Parry C. D. , Horsburgh C. R. , LaValley M. P. , Myers B. , Jacobson K. R.
Published: February 2020

Alcohol use is associated with increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) disease, yet the impact of alcohol use on TB treatment outcomes has not been summarized. We aimed to quantitatively review evidence of the relationship between alcohol use and poor TB treatment outcomes. We
conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (January 1980–May 2018). We categorized studies as having a high- or low-quality alcohol use definition and examined poor treatment outcomes individually and as two aggregated definitions (i.e., including or excluding
loss to follow-up [LTFU]). We analyzed drug-susceptible (DS-) and multidrug-resistant (MDR-) TB studies separately. Our systematic review yielded 111 studies reporting alcohol use as a predictor of DS- and MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Alcohol use was associated with increased odds of poor treatment
outcomes (i.e., death, treatment failure, and LTFU) in DS (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.57–2.51) and MDR-TB studies (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.73–2.32). This association persisted for aggregated poor treatment outcomes excluding LTFU, each individual poor outcome, and across sub-group and sensitivity
analyses. Only 19% of studies used high-quality alcohol definitions. Alcohol use significantly increased the risk of poor treatment outcomes in both DS- and MDR-TB patients. This study highlights the need for improved assessment of alcohol use in TB outcomes research and potentially modified
treatment guidelines for TB patients who consume alcohol.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis patient care journeys in South Africa: a pilot study using routine laboratory data
Authors: Hill J. , Dickson-Hall L. , Grant A. D. , Grundy C. , Black J. , Kielmann K. , Mlisana K. , Mitrani L. , Loveday M. , Moshabela M. , Le Roux S. , Jassat W. , Nicol M. , Cox H.
Published: February 2020

SETTING: Thirteen districts in Eastern Cape (EC), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and Western Cape (WC) Provinces, South Africa.OBJECTIVE: To pilot a methodology for describing and visualising healthcare journeys among drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients using routine
laboratory records.DESIGN: Laboratory records were obtained for 195 patients with laboratory-detected rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) during July–September 2016. Health facility visits identified from these data were plotted to visualise patient healthcare journeys. Data were
verified by facility visits.RESULTS: In the 9 months after the index RR-TB sample was collected, patients visited a mean of 2.3 health facilities (95% CI 2.1–2.6), with 9% visiting ≥4 facilities. The median distance travelled by patients from rural areas (116 km, interquartile
range [IQR] 50–290) was greater than for urban patients (51 km, IQR 9–140). A median of 21% of patient's time was spent under the care of primary healthcare facilities: this was respectively 6%, 37% and 39% in KZN, EC and WC. Journey patterns were generally similar within districts.
Some reflected a semi-centralised model of care where patients were referred to regional hospitals; other journeys showed greater involvement of primary care.CONCLUSION: Routine laboratory data can be used to explore DR-TB patient healthcare journeys and show how the use of healthcare
services for DR-TB varies in different settings.
Evaluating the use of educational videos to support the tuberculosis care cascade in remote Madagascar
Authors: Reeves H. , Grandjean Lapierre S. , Razafindrina K. , Andriamiadanarivo A. , Rakotosamimanana N. , Razafindranaivo T. , Seimon T. , Blalock B. , Bello-Bravo J. , Pittendrigh B. , McKinney J. , Small P. M. , Knoblauch A. M. , Fair E.
Published: February 2020

SETTING: Access to information about tuberculosis (TB) is vital to ensure timely diagnosis, treatment, and control among vulnerable communities. Improved approaches for distributing health education materials to remote populations are needed.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate
the impact of two comprehensive video training curricula in improving patient, community member, and community health worker knowledge of TB in a remote area of Madagascar.DESIGN: A pre-test/post-test design was used to measure knowledge acquisition. Educational videos were short,
culturally appropriate films presented at critical moments in the TB cascade of care.RESULTS: Of the total 146 participants, 86 (58.9%) improved their score on the post-test, 50 (34.2%) obtained the same score, and 10 (6.8%) received a worse score. A statistically significant difference
was observed between the pre- and post-test scores, wherein scores increased by a median of 10.0% (interquartile range 0.0–20.0) after viewing the videos (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the number of correct answers on the pre-test and the number of
correct answers on the post-test (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Educational videos were found to significantly improve TB knowledge among a low-literacy, remote population in Madagascar. Our findings suggest educational videos could be a powerful, low-cost, and sustainable tool
to improve access to TB education materials globally.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States, 2011–2016: patient characteristics and risk factors
Authors: Chen M. P. , Miramontes R. , Kammerer J. S.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and describe MDR-TB according to three characteristics: previous TB disease, recent transmission of MDR-TB, and reactivation of latent MDR-TB infection.SETTING and DESIGN: We used 2011–2016
surveillance data from the US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and National Tuberculosis Genotyping Service and used logistic regression models to estimate risk factors associated with MDR-TB.RESULTS: A total of 615/45 209 (1.4%) cases were confirmed as MDR-TB; 111/615
(18%) reported previous TB disease; 41/615 (6.7%) were attributed to recent MDR-TB transmission; and 449/615 (73%) to reactivation. Only 12/41 (29%) patients with TB attributed to recent transmission were known to be contacts of someone with MDR-TB. For non-US-born patients, the adjusted odds
ratios of having MDR-TB were 32.6 (95%CI 14.6–72.6) among those who were known to be contacts of someone with MDR-TB and 6.5 (95%CI 5.1–8.3) among those who had had previous TB disease.CONCLUSION: The majority of MDR-TB cases in the United States were associated with
previous TB disease or reactivation of latent MDR-TB infection; only a small proportion of MDR-TB cases were associated with recent transmission.
An assessment of current tuberculosis patient care and support policies in high-burden countries
Authors: Cocozza A. M. , Linh N. N. , Nathavitharana R. R. , Ahmad U. , Jaramillo E. , Gargioni G. E. M. , Fox G. J.
Published: February 2020

CONTEXT: Adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is an important predictor of treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization guidelines recommend a patient-centred approach to adherence support; however, the extent to which policies in high-burden countries facilitate
this approach remains uncertain.DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of current national patient care and support policies in high TB burden countries was performed.RESULT: Responses were provided by TB care programmes in 23 of the 30 high TB burden countries, comprising
77.4% of TB cases globally. Clinic-based and household adherence support and patient education were recommended in all countries, while policies for digital technologies and social supports have been adopted in a small minority of countries. Financial or material support (such as reimbursement
for transportation) and psychological support to patients—if included in the policies—was mainly recommended only for specific sub-groups of patients.CONCLUSION: National policies in many countries have not yet fully adopted global recommendations for patient care and
support. Further scale-up of evidence-based approaches to care is required to improve quality of care for patients in high TB burden settings.
Interventions to reduce losses in the cascade of care for latent tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barss L. , Moayedi-Nia S. , Campbell J. R. , Oxlade O. , Menzies D.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Losses can occur throughout the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cascade of care. This can result in suboptimal rates of effective treatment for LTBI. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effect of different interventions to reduce
losses in the LTBI cascade before treatment completion.METHODS: We searched several databases for articles reporting outcomes for interventions designed to strengthen the LTBI cascade. We included papers published in English from January 1990 until February 2018. Where possible,
estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: We identified 30 studies that evaluated 32 different interventions aimed at reducing losses in the LTBI cascade. In pooled analysis, interventions that improved completion of cascade steps included patient incentives
(respectively 42 [95% CI 34–51] and 48 [95% CI 15–81] additional patients completing initial assessment and medical evaluation per 100 starting); health care worker education (28 [95% CI 4–52] additional patients initiating initial assessment per 100 identified; home visits
(additional 13 [95% CI 4–21] patients completing initial assessment per 100 starting); digital solutions (additional 11 [95% CI 4–21] patients initiating initial assessment per 100 identified); and patient reminders (additional 7 [95% CI 0.3–13] patients completing initial
assessment per 100 starting). Several other interventions reduced losses at specific cascade steps, but evidence for these interventions came from single studies and could not be pooled.CONCLUSIONS: Although there is limited evidence that any single intervention significantly improves
the LTBI cascade, many studies provide information about effective ways to strengthen it.
A novel approach for eliciting adolescent MDR-TB treatment tolerability: qualitative data from South Africa
Authors: Zimri K. , Casper R. , Hoddinott G. , Schaaf H. S. , Garcia-Prats A. J. , Rose P. C. , Hesseling A. C. , Viljoen L.
Published: February 2020

SETTING: Treatment tolerability among adolescents diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is underexplored. We present qualitative study data from adolescents participating in an observational cohort in the Western Cape, South Africa.OBJECTIVE: To
elicit adolescent experiences of MDR-TB diagnosis and treatment with qualitative body-mapping activities and discussions.DESIGN: Adolescents in an observational MDR-TB cohort received routine toxicity and audiology screenings from clinicians. We enrolled eight participants (age
10–16 years) to participate in additional body-mapping activities and in-depth interviews. A thematic deductive analysis was conducted. We present a comparison of the clinical assessments and qualitative discussions.RESULTS: Adolescent participants reported few adverse effects
on standard toxicity and audiology reports. Only nausea and vomiting were reported in >10% of cases, all of which were grade 1 (causing no/minimal interference) adverse effects (AEs). However, when comparing toxicity reports with qualitative body-mapping activities and interviews, we found
previously unreported AEs (neurosensory alteration, neuromuscular weakness, pain); underestimated severity of AEs (nausea, itching); and missed psychosocial symptoms (signs of depression).CONCLUSION: Adolescents receiving treatment for MDR-TB experienced treatment-related AEs that
were not reported during routine clinical assessments. Psychosocial experiences of adolescents are not taken into account. More research is needed to understand the experiences of this vulnerable group. We recommend that drug safety monitoring be adapted to include more creative and patient-driven
reporting mechanisms for vulnerable groups, including children
Plasma pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline administered by nasogastric tube in an intensive care unit
Authors: Dang E. , Sayagh F. , Lê M. P. , Neuville M. , Sinnah F. , Timsit J-F. , Peytavin G.
Published: February 2020

We present the case of a 21-year-old man admitted to the intensive care unit with multi-organ failure due to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). TB treatment initially comprised moxifloxacin, ethambutol, linezolid and amikacin administered intravenously. Due to suspected moxifloxacin-induced
liver injury, we stopped all fluoroquinolones and switched to bedaquiline (BDQ), which is only available in tablets for oral administration. Since our patient had to be fed through a nasogastric tube (NGT), BDQ was administered after being crushed and dissolved in water; drug pharmacokinetics
were studied using repeated blood sampling. Therapeutic drug monitoring showed that BDQ was detectable in blood plasma with a trough concentration above the supposed efficacy threshold, suggesting that this molecule could be administered through NGT.
Occupational asthma
Authors: Cormier M. , Lemière C.
Published: February 2020

Work-related asthma is highly prevalent and represents a significant societal and financial burden worldwide. This State of the Art series article explores the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of occupational asthma (OA), which comprises sensitiser-induced asthma
and irritant-induced asthma (IIA). Sensitiser-induced OA is the development of asthma through sensitisation to a substance in the workplace. OA is largely underdiagnosed, and its clinical manifestations are non-specific, which makes its diagnosis challenging. Early and accurate diagnosis of
OA through comprehensive testing is primordial to avoid unwarranted removal from exposure and to allow early management of confirmed cases. Despite optimal management, up to 70% of patients with OA will have persistent asthma several years after diagnosis. IIA classically refers to the development
of de novo asthma acutely following an intense exposure to an irritant agent. However, some cases of IIA following multiple high-level exposures or a chronic low-dose exposure have been reported.
Performance-based technical support for drug-resistant TB responses: lessons from the Green Light Committee
Authors: Yassin M. A. , Samson K. , Wandwalo E. , Grzemska M. , Gegia M. , Nwaneri N. , Hansen P. , Kunii O.
Published: February 2020

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) constitutes a global threat and a major contributor to deaths related to antimicrobial resistance. Despite progress in DR-TB detection and treatment over the last decade, huge gaps remain in treatment coverage, access to quality care and treatment
outcome. Global Fund investments have been critical to scaling up the existing and new diagnostic tools, treatment coverage and people-centred service delivery. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) high-level meeting represents unprecedented opportunities to accelerate towards addressing
DR-TB. Established in 2000 and funded by the Global Fund since 2009, the Green Light Committee (GLC) mechanism has evolved from project approval to providing demand-based technical assistance to countries to scale up response to DR-TB based on their need and priorities. Lessons learnt from
the GLC mechanism over 10 years demonstrate that a result-based, systematic and accountable technical assistance model to support scale-up of DR-TB response is critically important. Meeting the UNGA declaration targets requires major scale-up of current efforts and new tools, and hence the
need for predictable, consistent and sustained technical support to countries, including through the regional GLC mechanism. The application of the principles and processes of this model could be adapted and replicated to design a similar performance-based and quality-assured technical support
mechanism.
No universal access to drug-resistant tuberculosis care without engaging all health care providers
Authors: Linh N. N. , Wares F. , Cocozza A. M. , Uplekar M. , Raviglione M.
Published: February 2020

Should the engagement of all health care providers in all aspects of programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (PMDT) become a priority in the national strategic plans for tuberculosis (TB), progress towards universal access to diagnosis, treatment and care of drug-resistant
tuberculosis (DR-TB) would accelerate. This would be especially crucial in countries where the private sector is a significant provider of health services. Proven successful interventions to engage all health care providers and partners in the cascade of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and
care of DR-TB patients need to be urgently scaled up. Such engagement should not be limited to the diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB, but extended also to all the aspects of PMDT, including approaches ensuring that patient-centred care, social support, pharmacovigilance and surveillance. Integral
to the End TB Strategy, PMDT should be embedded in all public-private mix initiatives for TB and vice versa.
Factors associated with tuberculosis-associated haemophagocytic syndrome: a multicentre case-control study
Authors: Lerolle N. , Laanani M. , Galicier L. , Rivière S. , Meynard J-L. , Azoulay E. , Jeblaoui A. , Lalande V. , Mougari F. , Fardet L. , Coppo P. , Goujard C. , Molina J-M. , Lambotte O.
Published: February 2020

SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) is a potential trigger of haemophagocytic syndrome (HS) but little is known about the features of TB-associated HS.OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors associated with HS in patients with TB.DESIGN: We performed a multicentre
case-control study assessing the medical records of adult patients diagnosed with proven TB with (TB/HS+) or without (TB/HS–) associated HS.RESULTS: Twenty-one patients with TB/HS+ (24% women, median age, 37 years [IQR 30–48]) were included in the study. Eleven patients
(52%) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus and seven patients (33%) were immunocompromised due to other reasons. TB was disseminated in 17 patients (81%). Compared with 50 control TB patients (TB/HS–), patients with TB/HS+ were more likely to be immunocompromised (86% vs.
18%; P < 0.001) and to present with disseminated TB (80% vs. 12%; P < 0.001). The outcome was poorer in patients with TB/HS+, with a higher admission rate to intensive care (71% vs. 0%; P < 0.001) and a higher risk of death (38% vs. 7%; P = 0.005).CONCLUSION:
TB/HS+ occurred more likely in immunocompromised patients and severely impaired the prognosis of TB. Further studies are needed to devise therapeutic strategies for patients with TB/HS+.
Revisiting the application of Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) chromatography to estimate in vivo distribution properties of drug discovery compounds based on the model of marketed drugs
Authors: Valko Klara Livia , Rava Silvia , Bunally Shenaz , Anderson Scott
Published: February 2020

Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) chromatography columns have been used to model the in vivo distribution of drug discovery compounds. Regis Technologies Inc., the manufacturer, had to replace the silica support and consequently introduced a new IAM.PC.DD2 column that shows slightly different selectivity towards acidic and basic compounds. The application of the new IAM.PC.DD2 columns has been evaluated and the in vivo distribution models have been compared with the previous batches of columns. It was found that due to the improved endcapping of the silica, some of the positively charged drug molecules showed shorter retention than previously published. Therefore, the column system suitability data have been updated. However, these differences do not significantly affect the previously published models for the volume of distribution, brain tissue binding and drug efficiency. Therefore, the published models can be used with the new IAM.PC.DD2 columns.
On the processes of migration and diffusion in the systems with solid-state reagents
Authors: Barsukov Viacheslav , Khomenko Volodymyr , Chernysh Oksana
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with peculiarities of diffusion and migration in electrochemical systems with solid-state reagents (ESSSR). Contradictions of the diffusion model are analyzed. It is the difference of applied potentials and the corresponding electric field strength in the bulk solid phase and at the interfaces which is the primary driving force of charge transfer in ESSSR. The time characteristic of diffusion processes is not comparable to the duration of electrode processes at charging/discharging of batteries and especially electrochemical capacitors. In many real systems involving ESSSR, the process of diffusion in solid phase is absent. Examples of charge transfer processes in ESSSR (nickel hydroxide electrode, sparingly soluble quinoid compounds, Li+ intercalation in graphite, etc.) are considered, and the processes are explained using the Grothuss, tunnel and other migration mechanisms. It is shown in this paper that the linear relationship between peak currents in voltammetric curves and the square root of potential scan rate cannot be presented as an ultimate support of the diffusion model, but as а more universal property of ESSSR. In this aspect, the efficient diffusion coefficient, Deff, could be at best discussed, not to distort the ideas of charge-transfer migration mechanisms in the ESSSR.
Quantum Dialectics
Authors: Brink Dean Anthony ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2020

This brief examination of treatments of nothingness-oriented dialectics in Kyoto School philosophers Nishida Kitarō and Tanabe Hajime engages questions of space from Hegel to quantum mechanics. It begins to situate their work in light of Emmanuel Levinas’s writings on empty space and as overlooked contributions to the philosophy of science.
Autopoietic System
Authors: Overwijk Jan ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2020

This essay presents, first, a description of Niklas Luhmann’s notion of autopoietic system. Luhmann theorises society as a self-referential, differential, and posthuman communication system that constitutes meaning. Then, second, it defends Luhmann against the new materialist challenge that stresses the role of matter in meaning-making.
The Nature of and Motive for Academic Research in Higher Education: a sub-Saharan African Perspective
Authors: Kaweesi Muhamadi
Published: February 2020

The production of knowledge that is diverse in nature has gained importance in research-led universities. However, the nature of scientific knowledge and researchers’ motives of producing such knowledge across disciplinary fields in research-led Sub-Saharan African universities are not yet known. This study set out to access the voices of lead researchers regarding the nature and motive of academic research in Uganda’s research-led flagship institution-Makerere University. Findings showed that despite the pervasiveness of theoretical/basic research across disciplinary fields, other research orientations are evident as well. Although emphasis is placed on publishing in top-ranked journals, there is production of commercially-biased, policy-relevant and community-oriented research. Due to research funding constraints, the donor-driven research orientation has also become popular. We therefore conclude that although majority of lead researchers engage in basic research, the nature of academic research is varied and lead researchers’ motives of engaging in research are diverse. Because of the dominance basic and donor-driven research, we recommend that there is need to rethink the University promotional assessment model, diversify research funding sources, and selectively collaborate with the donors.

 

Key words: Knowledge production, research-led university, research orientation
Towards Enacting Social Justice in HE - A Case of Postdoctoral Research Fellows
Authors: Moyo Zvisinei , Perumal Juliet
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this review was to unearth the challenges of postdoctoral research fellows who are classified neither as staff nor students. It provokes research to rethink measures to support this group of academics who have been neglected. Three central questions guided this review: What are the common themes in literature and research on PRDF? What social justice issues arise from the PDRF literature? How can this literature and conceptualisation inform management of PDRFs in terms of social justice? A total of 45 publications were reviewed. The full text of the systematically identified studies were stored in a marked folder on a computer desktop and screened through examining topics and abstracts. Each of the studies was analysed to come up with six themes which were discussed through the lens of social justice, followed by a suggestion for further discussion in the field. The literature portrays a culture that has undermined issues and concerns of social justice. Universities are required to imagine new directions for future research, challenged to become activists and take a pro-justice stance to transform the culture, practices and procedures to benefit the marginalised. Universities can utilise these suggestions as a guide to evaluate their efforts and programmes.
Effectiveness of University Research Policy in Promoting Research Engagement among Accounting Academics in Public Universities in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Nzuza Zwelihle Zwe
Published: February 2020

Wiseman Nzuza, Lawrence Mpele Lekhanya

Durban University of Technology, South Africa

zwelihlen@dut.ac.za, lawrencel@dut.ac.za

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Author:

Mr Zwelihle Wiseman Nzuza is a lecturer at the Durban University of Technology in the Department of Management Accounting

Email address: zwelihlen@dut.ac.za

Physical and Postal Address:

PO Box 1334 Durban University of Technology

Durban

4001

 

2nd Author:

Dr Lawrence Mpele Lekhanya in a senior lecturer at the Durban University of Technology in the Department of Public Management & Economics

Email address: lawrencel@dut.ac.za

Physical and Pos

It has been frequently observed that many academics with an accounting background are not research-oriented, whereas academics from fields in science and engineering believe strongly in research. At the present moment, public universities from KwaZulu-Natal are failing to grow accounting research outputs to at least minimum requirement of 0.50 units per year per lecturer as required by the South African government. University research policy (URP) is the main tool that can be used to promote research engagements of the academic staff. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the effectiveness of the URP in promoting accounting academics research engagement, with specific reference to the KwaZulu-Natal public universities. This study was census, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative in nature. With quantitative data gathered from a sample of 82 accounting academics. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used to determine statistical results. The study found that the URP is effective in terms of promoting the engagement of accounting academics in research activities and that it is highly significant. Based on the findings, the research concludes that the URP is valuable to grow accounting research outputs beyond existing limitations. 

Key Words: university research policy, accounting academic staff
"Jeg gråter noen tårer hver dag". En fenomenologisk studie av hjemmeboende kreftpasienters beskrivelse av deres livvsituasjon i palliativ fase
Authors: Sønning Hildegunn Ervik , Fossum Mariann
Published: February 2020

"I cry a few tears every day". A phenomenological study of at-home cancer patients' description av their life situations under palliativ care

The aim of this study was to investigate how at-home cancer patients perceived their life situations during the palliative care phase. The study employed a qualitative exploratory research design involving in-depth personal interviews with six women and two men between the ages of 35 and 63. All the interviewees lived at home, experiencing different life situations and suffering from different types of cancer. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was carried out using the descriptive phenomenological method presented by Giorgi. The findings are grouped under four themes; living with uncertainty and future unpredictability, perceptions of being seen and heard in encounters with health professionals and others, stress associated with the perception of disappointing close relatives, and challenges linked to meeting everyday demands. The patients’ stories relate their views on life, suffering and pain relief.
Hand- och benstyrka vid intensivvårdsavdelning (IVA)-mottagning, -en retrospektiiv studie
Authors: Eliasson Sara , Wanecek Michael , Block Tomas
Published: February 2020

Strength in hand and legs at intensive care unit (ICU) follow up-reception: a retrospective studyEarly mobilization is well established in intensive care and includes sitting, standing and walking and thereby lower extremity activation. Equivalent strategy for upper extremity activation is lacking, therefore, there might be a higher degree of remaining disability in the hand/arm. This retrospective study aimed to describe the strength in hand and legs, and the relationship therebetween, at an intensive care unit (ICU) follow up-reception. Hand dynamometer and Timed-Stands Test (TST) were measured and correlated to illness severity by Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3). Data from 47 participants was compared to matched control values. The hand strength was lower (p=0,028) with low effect (r=-0,2), of clinical relevance as it may affect the ability in activities of daily living (ADL). There were no significant differences for strength in the legs, correlation between strength and illness severity and for comparison of strength divided by illness severity. Larger studies are recommended.
Nauczyciel języka niemieckiego mediatorem interkulturowym? Przegląd badań polskich germanistów
Authors: Adamczak-Krysztofowicz Sylwia , Mihułka Krystyna
Published: February 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przyczynienie się do debaty naukowej na temat roli nauczyciela języków obcych jako mediatora interkulturowego. Autorki charakteryzują sylwetkę nauczyciela języka obcego pełniącego funkcję mediatora interkulturowego. Ponadto podsumowują badania polskich germanistów, które dotyczą stanu kompetencji interkulturowej nauczycieli języka niemieckiego w edukacji przedszkolnej oraz w szkolnictwie podstawowym, średnim i wyższym w Polsce. Refleksję nad rolą nauczycieli jako mediatorów interkulturowych kończy dyskusja nad możliwymi rozwiązaniami w zakresie rozwoju kompetencji międzykulturowych studentów języków obcych, zwłaszcza studentów filologii germańskiej i lingwistyki stosowanej.
On the Principles and Postulates of Cultural Linguistics (as Exemplified by a Definition of WORK)
Authors: Bartmiński Jerzy
Published: February 2020

The study consists of four parts. The first part is devoted to the beginnings of culturallinguistics in Poland, connected with the Wrocław-based programme for research on Polishnational culture, the emergence of the “Language and Culture” research network (and apublication series with the same title), and the launch of the Lublin-based journal“Etnolingwistyka” in 1988. The second part contains examples of linguistic facts being viewedin cultural perspective, with a special role of the lexicon as the “mirror of culture”. Part threepresents a repertoire of seven conceptual constructs proposed in Lublin cognitiveethnolinguistics (linguistic worldview, stereotypes as cultural concepts, cognitive definition,viewpoint and interpretive perspective, profiling of base images, values, and the experiencing,conceptualizing, and speaking subject). Finally, the fourth part illustrates the application ofthis theoretical framework in an analysis of the Polish cultural concept of PRACA ‘work’.
W gąszczu terminologii świadczeń dla rodzin z dziećmi i prób jej przekładu na język niemiecki
Authors: Łomzik Magdalena
Published: February 2020

Dzięki polskiej polityce prorodzinnej rodziny z dziećmi mogą obecnie liczyć na większe wsparcie finansowe niż jeszcze parę lat wcześniej. Albowiem pulę świadczeń obejmującą dotychczas przyznawany zasiłek rodzinny z dodatkami powiększono o świadczenie rodzicielskie, wychowawcze oraz świadczenie „Dobry start”. Nazwy nowo wprowadzonych świadczeń przyczyniły się jednak do chaosu terminologicznego ze względu na mnogość różnych świadczeń i ich podobne nazewnictwo, co może utrudniać nie tylko komunikację obywatela z urzędami, lecz również pracę tłumacza. W artykule przeanalizowano niemieckie ekwiwalenty polskich nazw świadczeń dla rodzin z dziećmi, które opublikowano na stronie Komisji Europejskiej oraz partnerstwa transgranicznego EURES-TriRegio. Na podstawie oceny poprawności zaproponowanych ekwiwalentów w odniesieniu do niemieckich i austriackich świadczeń podjęto próbę podsumowania problemów występujących w przekładzie tych nazw.
Calcium and Magnesium Adsorption by Activated Carbon Produced with Alternative Materials
Authors: Lima S. S. A. , Paiva S. C. de , Filho H. J. B. de Lima , Takaki G. M. C. , Messias A. S.
Published: February 2020

Residues originated from agro-industry can be used for various purposes, including in the production of activated carbon. Thus, for the conduction of this research, an Activated Carbon (AC) was prepared with mixtures of grape bagasse (B) and coconut fiber (C), with the mass relations of coconut/bagasse of 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75 and 0/100. The 50C/50B considered statistically the most suitable for the production of CA was activated with ZnCl2, under N2 flow of 100 ml/min, at 550°C, for 1 hour. To evaluate its efficiency, 200.00 mg of AC were used in 200,0 ml of the desalinator tailing from the municipality of Riacho das Almas, Pernambuco, Brazil, with contact time of 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, in a statistical design entirely randomized. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, generating Box Plot type charts. The result of calcium and magnesium adsorption revealed the efficiency of activated carbon with a dose of 50C/50B when in contact for up to 60 minutes with desalinator tailing.
Effect of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Hoque Md. Ashabul , Rasal-Monir Md. , Fatima Sumya , Nurul Islam Mohammad , Hossain Md. Belal
Published: February 2020

The study was carried out to find out the effect of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on growth and yield of okra (BARI Dherosh 1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments of the experiment were, T0 (without Zn or B), T1 (20 kg Zn ha-1), T2 (30 kg Zn ha-1), T3 (10 kg B ha-1), T4 (20 kg B ha-1), T5 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), T6 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1), T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1) and T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) were undertaken to evaluate the best results of the study. The highest plant height was found in T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) but the highest number of leaves plant-1 was recorded from T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1). On the other hand, the maximum leaf area index, SPAD value, mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit dry matter (%), number of fruits plant-1, fresh fruit weight plant-1 , fruit yield plot-1 and fruit yield ha-1 were found in T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), while the control (T0) showed lowest performance for the respected parameters. It is strongly concluded that 30 kg Zn ha-1 with 10 kg B ha-1 combination may be helpful for okra cultivation in the field level to increase okra production.
The Social Self of Child Refugee through Cinema: A Sociological – Educational Approach
Authors: Evaggelia Kalerante , Calliope Tsantali
Published: February 2020

This paper is concerned with contemporary cinema films about refugees in an attempt to highlight their social self through redefined identities. The refugee issue is a crucial one to the global community. Political structures are tested by population mobility, while the democratic system is also challenged. The interpretation of discourse determinant to refugee social self is supported through studying cinema films. Focus is placed on screenplay, image and expression of feelings by the actors.

Five films portraying child refugees’ life trajectories are utilized to highlight the reconstruction of their social selves, while struggling for survival and violently being introduced to early adulthood. Cultural issues are correlated with social meanings and interpretative discourse patterns based on the way they are illustrated in the films. The film itself becomes discourse expressing the reality through correlating meanings constructed within the social, political and cultural setting. The unfolding of films, as interpretative patterns, includes knowledge that is the meanings of everyday life conducive to shaping emotions, attitudes and behaviours. The combination between the film narrative and social web forms the basis on which the political discourse pattern is approached, while the meaning emanates from the co-articulated domineering and conflicting discourses.

Following the massive population transfer to Europe, due to wars, domestic conflicts, political reversals and climate change, this time period forms the breeding ground to study refugee-related film theoretical discourse. This analysis will contribute to self-reflection through studying the hidden aspects of refugee life. Everyday refugee-related political discourses highlight the effects on the economic system and political structures, while the dimension of the citizen – refugee is concealed. Thus, the refugee, as individual and social subject, is invisible, excluded and marginalized. Films on refugees are conducive to increasing the different ways of viewing their lives in modern societies. At the same time, the education system is challenged to integrate child refugees through meaningful educational practices.
Phytochemical and Nutraceutical Potentials of Beach Bean (Canavalia rosea SW.) DC Grown in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Tijani Kokori Bajeh , Alfa Abdullahi Attah , Momoh Audu , Sezor Abdullahi Aminu
Published: February 2020

Beach Bean is a species of flowering plant of the genus Canavalia in the pea family, Fabaceae that has a pantropical distribution. This study aims to determine the phytochemical and neutraceutical activities of Beach Bean grown in Anyigba area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Beach Bean (Canavalia rosea) leaf and seed were dried in the powder form, then the leaves and seeds of 200 grams each were extracted in 2000 ml of aqueous. The macerated for 48 hours and filtered using filter paper and filter pump. The sample was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and freeze-dried to powdered form. The filtrate obtained from each extraction was tested for alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, fat and oils, steroids, tannins and glycosides. The proximate analysis of the samples was carried out for moisture content, ash, fat, crude protein, crude fibre after drying the samples of Beach Bean at room temperature. Vitamins A, E, B and C were determined and the mineral elements were determined by the dry ash extraction. The phytochemical components of secondary metabolites of the extracts from the obtained result, anthraquinone and tannins (leaf) were not present in the extracts. The proximate composition of nutritive value of seed and leaves has a higher value of crude protein of amounting to 50.84% while the leaves have crude protein value of 30.59%, carbohydrates percentage of the leaves was higher (40.60%) while the seed has 26.98%. The percentage of ash content which is an indicator of the quality of mineral nutrients present has a value of 8.45% in leaves and 2.53% in the seed. By implication, the leaves are richer in mineral nutrients/elements than the seeds. This research classified a large number of nutraceuticals available from various sources and their significant uses in the treatment of various diseases such as Cardiovascular, Obesity, Diabetes, Cancer, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Inflammatory, and Allergy. These are cured by herbal nutraceuticals or food herb dietary condiment for phytotherapeutic purposes.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Primary Health Care Physicians Regarding Diabetes Management: A Cross Sectional Study in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Abu Kahf Mai Mohamed Mahmoud , Ayad Khalil Mohamed Abbas , Gabr Mamdoh Ahmed , Shehata Walaa Mohamed El Sayed
Published: February 2020

Background: With increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, primary health care physicians are the main providers of diabetes care and their knowledge, attitudes and practices are important to achieve goals in diabetes management.

Objectives: Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of primary health care physicians regarding management of diabetes. To find-out gaps between the practices of primary health care physicians and the already established national and international guidelines.

Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 144 primary health care physicians working in a randomly chosen primary health care centers in Al Garbia Governorate. Data collected concerning knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care physicians regarding diabetes management.

Results: The study included 144 primary health care physicians working in 38 primary health care centers in Gharbia governorate. About two thirds (95) of the studied physicians were working in rural areas and the rest (49) in urban ones. As regards years since graduation, fifty three of the studied physicians were graduated <5 years and the rest (91) were graduated ≥5 years. Concerning relevant certifications or training courses, about three fourths (106) had relevant past experiences while one fourth (38) had no such experiences. Urban primary care physicians had higher percentage of correct knowledge than the rural ones as regards diagnosis, complications and managements of DM (p value <0.05). Primary care physicians with increased years of practice and who attended relevant training courses had favorable attitude and practices as regards counseling and regular examination of diabetic patients (p value <0.05).

Conclusion: The current study revealed a shortage of knowledge, attitude and practices of primary health care physicians as regards management of diabetes. The defect in knowledge and unfavourability of attitude and inappropriateness of practices are obvious in family physicians working in the rural health care facilities, those without relevant experience and those graduated less 5 years.
Recent Trends and Changing Aetiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India
Authors: Singh Amresh K. , Kumar Ankur , Dhole T. N.
Published: February 2020

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) poses a great public health problem in India, occurring both in epidemics and sporadically. Although bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites may cause encephalitis, among these; the viruses are the most common and important cause of encephalitis Japanese Encephalitis virus has been considered as leading cause of AES in India mostly occurs among children. Thus, the disease spectrum of AES seems to be much wider and may be caused by a wide variety of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, or may even be non-infectious in aetiology.  Recently, increased incidence of scrub typhus is being reported from Northern India especially eastern part of Uttar Pradesh and western part of Bihar, as reported 25% infectious aetiology in one third of the AES cases and emergence of O. tsutsugamushi infection an important causative agent of AES in India. A recent outbreak of "AES" in June 2019 was found in Muzaffarpur, Bihar India. As reported the Muzaffarpur district has initiated an investigation into the case of 672 children who were admitted with "AES" and more than 150 children have died. Case fatality rate among children due to JE was found very low now because changing aetiology of AES across various districts of Bihar.
Nutritional Attributes of Baked Products from Composite Flour of Wheat and Pigeon Pea
Authors: Ajayi Kayode , O. Adeniyi Paulina , M. Taiwo Omotola , A. Alebiosu Ibidayo , O. Momoh Faith
Published: February 2020

The goal of this study was to develop bread and biscuit from mixture of wheat and pigeon pea flours and examine the nutritional quality of the two products. The composite flour blend was formulated using wheat and pigeon pea flours in ratio 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 (wheat: pigeon pea). The samples produced were designated as PWB1, PWB2 and PWB3 for bread while for biscuit the designations were PWb1, PWb2 and PWb3 respectively. For the control samples 100% of wheat flour was used and the samples were designated as PWB0 for bread and PWb0 for biscuit. Samples were analyzed for proximate, minerals and vitamins content using standard analytical procedures of AOAC. Mean data were compared using ANOVA at P< 0.05. The Crude protein (CP), Fat and Ash content of PWB0 (%) were; 10.19, 2.26 and 1.91, respectively. PWBI, PWB2 and PWB3 ranged from 11.69-14.21 CP, 2.82-3.69 fat and 2.09-2.62 ash. PWb1, PWb2 and PWb3 ranged from 14.40-16.19 CP, 8.02-8.15 fat and 1.53-2.01 ash. The proximate composition of bread and biscuit made from composite flour improved significantly at 70:30 formulation (P=.05) compare to the control. The calcium, potassium and zinc content of PWB0 (mg/100 g) were; 54.95, 261.70 and 0.30 respectively. PWBI, PWB2 and PWB3 ranged from 75.50-116.30, 276.05-351.40 and 0.37-0.43. PWb0, PWb1, PWb2 and PWb3 also followed similar trend. Similarly, there was significant increase in β-carotene, thiamine, and riboflavin as the levels of pigeon pea flour increased. Addition of pigeon pea flour to wheat flour clearly enhanced the nutritional composition of the two products except for the reduction in iron and iodine content.