bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary splenic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting as a splenic abscess
Authors: Wadsworth Paul A. , Miranda Roberto N. , Bhakta Pooja , Bhargava Peeyush , Weaver Dylan , Dong Jianli , Ovechko Vasily , Norman Michael , Muthukumarana Palawinnage V. , Bayes Mathew G. , Mallick Jayati , Lyapichev Kirill A.
Published: January 2023

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in the spleen, also known as primary splenic DLBCL (PS‐DLBCL), is a rare form of malignant lymphoma. It is defined as a lymphoma confined to the spleen or involving splenic hilar lymph nodes. Here we report a case of PS‐DLBCL with CD30. The patient was a 62‐year‐old who presented with 2 weeks of left flank pain, chills, and abdominal distension. Computed tomography identified an 8‐cm splenic mass with central necrosis interpreted as an abscess. A drain was placed, yielding purulent necrotic material; cytologically, only neutrophils were identified. However, purulent drainage continued for 28 days without resolution, prompting splenectomy. Pathological dissection revealed a multinodular mass with central necrosis. Microscopic examination revealed extensive karyorrhexis, abundant ghosts of large cells, and scattered large cells with pleomorphic, multilobated, and vesicular nuclei with moderately abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining revealed large, atypical cells positive for CD20, CD30, CD45, PAX5, MYC (>40%), MUM1 (>30%), and p53 (focally). The large cells were negative for CD3 (polyclonal), CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD15, CD34, BCL2, BCL6, AE1/AE3, S100, HHV8, and ALK. The Ki‐67 proliferation rate was approximately 80% in large cells. Notably, this PS‐DLBCL was positive for CD30, an unusual finding among non‐Hodgkin B‐cell lymphomas, which, coupled with the Reed‐Sternberg‐like morphology, raised the possibility of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Therefore, we reviewed the literature to confirm the unique features of this large B‐cell lymphoma, its abscess‐like appearance, and its expression of CD30.
The effect of customer and supplier concentrations on firm resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Resource dependence and power balancing
Authors: Jiang Shenyang , Yeung Andy C. L. , Han Zhaojun , Huo Baofeng
Published: January 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has created significant disruptions in both demand and supply. Our study makes use of such dramatic changes in demand and supply during the pandemic to examine resource dependence and power balancing/unbalancing issues in buyer–supplier relationships. Specifically, we investigate the effect of customer and supplier concentrations on firm resilience during the pandemic. Drawing on resource‐dependence theory (RDT), we theorize that shifts in demand and supply in different pandemic stages influence the effect of customer and supplier concentrations on firm resilience by altering the power dynamics between focal firms and their concentrated customers and suppliers. Central to our theorizing is that the worsening power imbalance is more detrimental. Measuring firm resilience by loss and recovery (i.e., change) in productivity, our analysis of 23,440 Chinese listed firms' quarter observations from 2019 to 2020 shows that customer concentration is negatively related to firm resilience in the disruption stage but has no effect in the restoration stage. Supplier concentration is positively related to firm resilience in the disruption stage but undermines firm resilience in the restoration stage. These findings largely confirm our theoretical propositions. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications.
Purification and characterization of Taxol and 10‐Deacetyl baccatin III from the bark, needles, and endophytes of Taxus baccata by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Nurullah Md. , Usmani Zakiya , Ahmad Sheeraz , Panda Bibhu Prasad , Amin Saima , Mir Showkat Rasool
Published: January 2023

Taxol and 10‐Deacetyl baccatin III are major taxanes in the bark, needles, and endophytes of Taxus baccata. The current study aimed to develop a process for their separation from different matrices. Crude taxoid was prepared by extraction of samples with methanol, followed by partitioning with dichloromethane and precipitation with hexane. Analytical high‐performance liquid chromatography involved isocratic elution on C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) with methanol‐water (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Injection volume was 20 μl and detection was carried out at 227 nm. The content of Taxol and 10‐Deacetyl baccatin III in bark, needles and endophytic culture broth was 11.19 and 1.75 μg/mg; 11.19 and 1.75 μg/mg; and 2.80 and 0.22 μg/L, respectively. Preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography was done on C18 column (10 × 250 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 10 ml/min. About 20 g crude taxoid was processed in < 3 h with a recovery of about 90% for both the analytes. The purity of recovered Taxol and 10‐Deacetyl baccatin III determined by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was found to be 95.78 ± 3.63% and 99.72 ± 0.18%, respectively. The structure of recovered Taxol was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The method can find use in biotransformation studies.
The impact of introducing hydrodistension as a treatment for frozen shoulder in a primary care musculoskeletal service: A retrospective audit
Authors: Whelan Gareth , Yeowell Gillian , Littlewood Chris
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Hydrodistension, where a relatively high volume of local anaesthetic, corticosteroid, and sterile saline are injected into the shoulder joint, is a treatment of interest for frozen shoulder. In the UK National Health Service this is typically provided in the hospital setting. In 2017 we introduced hydrodistension into our physiotherapy led musculoskeletal service. This report describes the findings from our audit of onward referral for orthopaedic assessment following the introduction of hydrodistension to our frozen shoulder treatment pathway.

Methods

A retrospective audit of data from 102 patients who followed our hydrodistension treatment pathway for frozen shoulder since 2017 was conducted. All 102 patients received at least one hydrodistension procedure performed by a physiotherapist. This involved injecting the glenohumeral joint with a combination of local anaesthetic, corticosteroid, and saline under ultrasound guidance with a total volume of 25–35 mls. This data was compared to the outcomes of 102 patients who presented with frozen shoulder prior to 2017 who did not receive hydrodistension.

Results

Of 102 patients who received hydrodistension within the musculoskeletal service, six patients required onward referral to orthopaedics. Of the 102 patients who did not receive hydrodistension prior to 2017, 58 required onward referral to orthopaedics.

Conclusion

We report a reduction in onward referral to orthopaedics following the introduction of hydrodistension to our physiotherapist‐led treatment pathway for patients with frozen shoulder. This preliminary data identifies the need to further evaluate the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of hydrodistension performed by physiotherapists for patients with frozen shoulder.
Obesity among African American people in the United States: A review
Authors: Lofton Holly , Ard Jamy D. , Hunt Rameck R. , Knight Michael G.
Published: January 2023

Obesity is a growing public health crisis in the United States and is associated with a substantial disease burden due to an increased risk for multiple complications, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. As highlighted in this review, obesity disproportionately affects the African American population, women in particular, regardless of socioeconomic status. Structural racism remains a major contributor to health disparities between African American people and the general population, and it limits access to healthy foods, safe spaces to exercise, adequate health insurance, and medication, all of which impact obesity prevalence and outcomes. Conscious and unconscious interpersonal racism also impacts obesity care and outcomes in African American people and may adversely affect interactions between health care practitioners and patients. To reduce health disparities, structural racism and racial bias must be addressed. Culturally relevant interventions for obesity management have been successfully implemented that have shown benefits in weight management and risk‐factor reduction. Strategies to improve health care practitioner–patient engagement should also be implemented to improve health outcomes in African American people with obesity. When managing obesity in African American people, it is critical to take a holistic approach and to consider an individual's social and cultural context in order to implement a successful treatment strategy.

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Asprosin aggravates vascular endothelial dysfunction via disturbing mitochondrial dynamics in obesity models
Authors: Lu Yanli , Yuan Wanwan , Xiong Xiaowei , Huang Qianqian , Chen Sheng , Yin Tingting , Zhang Yanan , Wang Zhie , Zeng Guohua , Huang Qiren
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the contribution of asprosin (ASP), a fasting‐induced hormone involved in metabolic disorders, to vascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity models.

Methods

Primary rat thoracic aortic endothelial cells treated with palmitic acid and mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD) were used as the obesity models. The role and mechanism of ASP in endothelial dysfunction were investigated by the means of morphologic, functional, and genetic analysis.

Results

ASP aggravated the endothelial dysfunction induced by either palmitic acid in vitro or an HFD in vivo, characterized as the impairment of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation, reduction of nitric oxide levels, elevation of malondialdehyde levels, and inhibition of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–AKT–endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling. However, adipose conditional knockout of ASP or ASP neutralization significantly alleviated the endothelial dysfunction induced by an HFD. Mechanistically, ASP enhanced mitochondrial fission, and inhibition of the fission through knockdown of dynamin‐related protein 1 (a fission‐hallmark factor) rescued the endothelial dysfunction and the disturbance to mitochondrial dynamics induced by ASP.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate that ASP causes and even exacerbates vascular endothelial dysfunction through promoting mitochondrial fission in obesity, suggesting that ASP can act as an early predictive marker of blood vessel dysfunction and become a novel potential therapeutic target for obesity‐related cardiovascular diseases.
Design of encapsulation method for chlorogenic acid and caffeine in coffee waste by‐product
Authors: Cosgun Gulderen , Gungor Keziban Kubra , Balci‐Torun Ferhan , Sahin Selin , Torun Mehmet
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Coffee silver skin (CSS) is a thin covering over green coffee seeds inside coffee cherry. It is a good source of bioactive compounds like chlorogenic acid and caffeine. It is produced as a by‐product of the roasting process.

Objective

The goal of this study is to apply spray drying method to encapsulate 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid) and caffeine extracted from CSS.

Methods

The main‐plots for optimisation were feed solid concentration (2.5, 5, 10°Bx), and the sub‐plots of the whole‐plot were carrier material type (maltodextrin, modified starch, arabic gum) and inlet air temperature (130, 160, 190°C). Responses included were drying yield, chlorogenic acid concentration, caffeine content, Carr index, and solubility values.

Results

Suitable conditions were spray drying inlet temperature of 190°C, extract concentration of 10°Bx, and wall material composition [modified starch/arabic gum (MS:AG)] 10.5:9.5. As the feeding CSS extract concentration increased, the amount of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in the final powder increased, while the powder's flow characteristics improved.

Conclusions

The concentration stage might be used to produce free‐flowing powdered particles with good bioactive retention for use in the food processing industry.
Effectiveness of spinal manipulation in addition to pharmacological treatment in fibromyalgia: A blinded randomized trial
Authors: Ince Bugra , Kara Mert , Erdem Irem , Yurdakul Ozan Volkan , Erden Tunay , Aydın Teoman
Published: January 2023

Background

It has been suggested that spinal manipulation may alter sensorimotor integration in the central nervous system and therefore may be used to treat central sensitization syndromes.

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of spinal manipulation in addition to pharmacological treatment in patients with fibromyalgia.

Design

A single‐center, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial with three parallel arms

Setting

Outpatient clinics at a tertiary health care facility.

Participants

Female patients aged 18‐55 years receiving pharmacological treatment.

Interventions

Spinal manipulation, sham manipulation, and control groups. Patients in the spinal manipulation group received high‐velocity low‐amplitude manipulation treatment twice a week for 3 weeks. Patients in the sham group received an application that was very similar to the active treatment but was not expected to have any real therapeutic effect. Patients in the control group continued to receive pharmacological therapy.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome, pain score (visual analog scale), and secondary outcomes, pressure pain threshold (PPT), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Widespread Pain Index (WPI), and Fibromyalgia Severity Score (FSS) were measured before, 1 month, and 3 months after randomization.

Results

Sixty patients with a mean age of 41.7 years (SD = 8.0) were enrolled in the study. A mixed‐design repeated analysis of covariance was used to test the data. At 1 month after randomization, pain scores did not differ between groups. At 3 months after randomization, the spinal manipulation group had a significantly lower pain score (adjusted mean = 4.3 cm, SE: 0.4) than the control group (adjusted mean = 6.8 cm, SE: 0.4) and the sham manipulation group (adjusted mean = 5.7 cm, SE: 0.4). PPT did not differ between groups at any time point. FIQR, WPI, and FSS showed some improvement 1 or 3 months after randomization in favor of the spinal manipulation group.

Conclusions

Spinal manipulation used in addition to pharmacological treatment in young/middle‐aged female patients with fibromyalgia could be an effective treatment for pain, disease severity, and functionality.
Inhibitory effect of extracts of hainosan (painongsan) and its constituent crude drugs on production of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin‐6 in murine fibroblasts treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Minami Masaaki , Taira Masayo , Makino Toshiaki
Published: January 2023

Aim

Hainosan (painongsan), composed of Platycodon grandiflorum root (PG), Paeonia lactiflora root (PL), and Citrus aurantium immature fruit (AF), is a formula used in traditional Japanese (Kampo) and Chinese medicine to treat purulent diseases, including gingivitis. In this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of hainosan extract (HNS) using both traditional direct and serum pharmacological techniques.

Methods

BALB/c mice were orally treated with HNS or extracts of its constituent crude drugs for one week. Murine RCB2767 fibroblasts were incubated with a medium containing heat‐killed Porphyromonas gingivalis and HNS, extracts of the constituent crude drugs, or serum samples collected from mice orally treated with these extracts. The monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin (IL)‐6 in the medium were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of HNS and its constituent crude drugs on the proliferative potential of fibroblasts was evaluated by radioisotope‐labeled thymidine uptake capacity.

Results

The concentrations of MCP‐1 and IL‐6 in the culture supernatants were significantly increased by treatment with heat‐killed bacteria. In addition, PG and PL extracts significantly inhibited MCP‐1 and IL‐6 production. Furthermore, supplementation of serum samples from mice orally treated with the extracts to the culture medium resulted in significant inhibition of induction of these cytokines. HNS, extracts of PG, PL and AF, and serum samples collected from mice treated with these extracts significantly augmented 3H‐thymidine uptake in fibroblasts.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that HNS has anti‐inflammatory effects in murine fibroblasts and that PL and PG could contribute to the effects of hainosan.
Engaging individuals living with dementia as stakeholders
Authors: Moreno Monica , Kline Chelsea , Shubeck Emily , Lanigan Kerry , Fazio Sam
Published: January 2023

The Alzheimer's Association has been convening individuals living with dementia as stakeholders for nearly 2 decades. This article outlines the evolution of, and lessons learned from, the Association's leadership in stakeholder engagement. It will also highlight the contributions of the Association's Early Stage Advisory Group in the areas of public policy, programming and resources, medical and scientific advancements, and public awareness. In addition, this article will discuss the ways in which the research community has come to recognize the importance of including the voices of persons living with dementia in their work and has looked to the Association for guidance and leadership. Last, it will describe the future directions of the Association with regard to increasing the influence and profile of these key stakeholders.
Correction to: Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Real and Complex Domains
Authors: Mathai Arak M. , Provost Serge B. , Haubold Hans J.
Published: January 2023

The original version of the book was inadvertently published with incorrect abstract. This has now been amended in the chapters.
Ethical Considerations in Gamified Interactive Marketing Praxis
Authors: Al-Msallam Samaan , Xi Nannan , Hamari Juho
Published: January 2023

Gamification with various designs is becoming a mainstay of interactive marketing, used to pervasively and holistically to in value-creating marketing practices. Beyond marketing, gamification is commonly seen as a technology, the effects of which are benevolent and which is often employed for sustainable ends such as the improvement of wellbeing, health, and sustainable work. However, as gamification commonly, either more or less directly, is related to attempts at affecting customers’ psychological states and continued engagement, a critical reflection of the ethical ramifications of gamification is crucial. Hazards such as manipulation, exploitation, psychological distress, and conflicts with cultural norms are considered as potential challenges that should be observed. Nevertheless, there is a current lack of examination of gamification’s ethical implications in the marketing context. In this chapter, the authors explore the ethical concerns related to using gamification as an interactive marketing tool, and examine how consumers shape their ethical judgement towards gamification. The authors also suggest various ways to help marketers, designers, and policymakers to minimize the unethical consequences of gamification, and ensure that companies will use gamification to compete both ethically and responsibly.
La Mercadita 2050: Telling Tomorrows of a Market After Oil
Authors: Sol Cueva Lillian
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, I tell the story of La Mercadita, an imaginary Market located in Mexico City in the year 2050. This fictional story was inspired and informed by the visions of vendors, who created four stories about the future of their marketplaces and their energy systems, during my field research in Mexico City in 2020. It pulls together the wishes, dreams and fears vendors have while talking about the future; some of their concrete ideas that address energy transitions; and the implications these visions may have in their communities and environments. The chapter stories energy imaginaries from a feminist political ecology perspective in order to encourage FPE to explore narrative approaches and to build creatively on communities’ visions of their own futures.
The Territory of Our Body: A Conversation on Urban Environments in the Andes and Their Bodies
Authors: Solera Agustina , Ortecho Mariana Jesús
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, we dialogically intertwine meanings that flow between the Western and the Andean cultural horizons, in urban environments marked by coloniality. Attentive to different ways of establishing community, we evoke elements from the Andean worldview from a decolonial perspective, at times overlapping with feminist political ecology (FPE). By opening to the Andean way of understanding and feeling the relationship between the social and the natural, we rehearse answers to social and environmental crises.
Perspectives on Decoloniality for FPE
Authors: Ekowati Dian , Gómez Marlene , Monterroso Iliana , Shrestha Ankita
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, we engage some of our intimate understandings of decolonial thought. We reflect on aspects of our personal intellectual journeys and epistemic relationships with coloniality. Our aim is to be transparent with the reader about the ‘places we come from’ and to bring our multiple voices and perspectives underlying the different colonial realities we all live as researchers from the ‘global’ South. Our perspectives are therefore an outcome of thinking through decoloniality. We acknowledge that our individual and unique trajectories have shaped how we understand coloniality and how we subsequently attempt to decolonise our areas of research and ourselves, with the help of overlapping concepts (in feminist political ecology) of subjectivity, the body, and the other. Our aim is to expose our different interpretations as a necessary step to engaging, thinking about, and articulating thoughts on decoloniality in FPE research.
Drivers of migration intentions in coastal Vietnam under increased flood risk from sea level rise
Authors: Duijndam Sem J. , Botzen W. J. Wouter , Hagedoorn Liselotte C. , Bubeck Philip , Haer Toon , Pham My , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: January 2023

Elevated flood risk due to sea level rise is expected to increase migration from coastal areas. This presents an enormous policy challenge given the hundreds of millions of people living in low-lying coastal areas globally. Despite its relevance, little empirical research has been done on what drives coastal residents to migrate or stay under increased flood risk. This study aims to improve the knowledge base on this topic by collecting and analyzing unique survey data of flood-prone coastal residents in Central Vietnam. To explain permanent migration intentions under increased flood risk, we present respondents with realistic scenarios of more frequent severe flooding and utilize a theoretical framework that incorporates flood risk indicators as well as key indicators of sustainable livelihoods. Results indicate that flood risk could play a major role in future migration behavior; permanent migration intentions strongly increase under the scenarios of increased flood risk. Several individual characteristics also play an important role in the migration decision. Regression analyses reveal that respondents who implemented in situ flood adaptation, and thereby reduced their flood risk, are less inclined to migrate. Past experiences during flooding such as evacuation or the reception of help from community members or the government are also strong predictors of migration intentions. Of the sustainable livelihood indicators, social capital plays the most important role, where a larger social network inside (outside) the place of residence is negatively (positively) related to migration intentions. We draw lessons from these insights for policymakers aiming to anticipate the challenge of sea level rise-induced migration.
The ability to produce a timely explosive force may affect loading rate at landing
Authors: Sugiyama K. , Fuchioka S. , Kimura Y. , Iwata A. , Nakata K. , Mae T.
Published: January 2023

Background

Sports injuries are strongly associated with the impact loading at landing. The abilities to produce force and adjust timing are simultaneously required to absorb impact loading.

Aims

Hence, we aimed to examine the hypothesis that the ability to produce an explosive force at the right timing is related to the ability to absorb the impact loading at landing.

Methods

Twenty-nine healthy young men volunteered to participate in the study. We proposed a new test to measure the rate of force development (RFD) in accordance with the countdown signal. To evaluate the ability to produce explosive force at the right time, we measured the rate of change between the RFD at the standard start signal and the RFD at the countdown signal. Furthermore, to evaluate the ability to land from a jump, we measured the loading rate at single-leg drop landing (20 cm).

Results

We divided the participants into two groups based on the timing effect: the positive group (participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 11) and the negative group (participants with decreased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 18). The loading rate was significantly greater (P < .01) in the negative group (47.4 ± 11.2 body weight (BW)/s) than in the positive group (34.7 ± 7.1 BW/s).

Conclusions

Participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal had a lower loading rate at landing. Our results suggest that the ability to produce a timely explosive force may be a determinant of safe landing ability.
Two New Families and a Literature Review of ELOVL4-Associated Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 34
Authors: Nishide Masahiro , Le Marquand Kathleen , Davis Mark R. , Halmágyi Gábor M. , Fellner Avi , Narayanan Ramesh K. , Kennerson Marina L. , Reddel Stephen W. , Worgan Lisa , Panegyres Peter K. , Kumar Kishore R.
Published: January 2023

Autosomal dominant variants in ELOVL4 cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 34 (SCA34; ATX-ELOVL4), classically associated with a skin condition known as erythrokeratoderma. Here, we report a large Italian-Maltese-Australian family with spinocerebellar ataxia. Notably, while there were dermatological manifestations (eczema), erythrokeratoderma was not present. Using a next-generation sequencing panel, we identified a previously reported ELOVL4 variant, NM_022726.4: c.698C > T p.(Thr233Met). The variant was initially classified as a variant of uncertain significance; however, through segregation studies, we reclassified the variant as likely pathogenic. We next identified an individual from another family (Algerian-Maltese-Australian) with the same ELOVL4 variant with spinocerebellar ataxia but without dermatological manifestations. We subsequently performed the first dedicated literature review of ELOVL4-associated ataxia to gain further insights into genotype–phenotype relationships. We identified a total of 60 reported cases of SCA34 to date. The majority had gait ataxia (88.3%), limb ataxia (76.7%), dysarthria (63.3%), and nystagmus (58.3%). Of note, skin lesions related to erythrokeratoderma were seen in a minority of cases (33.3%). Other extracerebellar manifestations included pyramidal tract signs, autonomic disturbances, retinitis pigmentosa, and cognitive impairment. For brain MRI data, cerebellar atrophy was seen in all cases (100%), whereas the hot cross bun sign (typically associated with multiple system atrophy type C) was seen in 32.4% of cases. Our family study and literature review highlight the variable phenotypic spectrum of SCA34. Importantly, it shows that erythrokeratoderma is not found in most cases and that, while a dermatological assessment may be helpful in these patients, SCA34 diagnosis should be considered irrespective of dermatological manifestations.
Influence of laser metal deposition process parameters on a precipitation hardening stainless steel
Authors: Aydin Gökçe , Valiente Bermejo Maria Asuncion , Högström Mats , Şelte Aydın , Oikonomou Christos , Andersson Joel
Published: January 2023

The combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steels (MPHSS) makes them well suited for demanding applications in aerospace, high-pressure gas bottles, or in injection molding of corrosive plastics. Directed energy deposition methods and specifically the laser metal deposition process with powder as feedstock (LMDp) have the potential to be applied in the production of such components. It is well-known that the geometrical features of the deposited beads such as aspect ratio and dilution are crucial for process efficiency and deposition quality. Therefore, this work aims at understanding the influence of the process parameters and the resulting microstructure of a MPHSS modified PH 13-8Mo alloy when using LMDp. Design of experiment (DoE) was used to plan and analyze the influence and interaction of the different LMDp process variables in the geometry of the deposits. It was found that height, width, and depth were statistically significantly influenced by speed, while height was also considerably influenced by the powder feeding rate. In terms of laser power, it was the most significant factor for the width and the depth, but it did not significantly affect the height of the beads. The results showed that the as-deposited microstructure of the modified PH 13-8Mo under the LMDp conditions investigated in this work consists of a martensitic matrix with some amount of primary δ ferrite. The presence of a low amount of retained austenite and aluminum-enriched inclusions was confirmed. This work enhances the fundamental process and material understanding of LMDp of the modified PH 13-8Mo alloy as a first stage in the fabrication of additively manufactured components.
Functional MRI to quantify perfusion changes of a renal allograft after embolization of an arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Liang Cecilia , Heister David J. , Guthoff Martina , Grözinger Gerd , Martirosian Petros , Seith Ferdinand
Published: January 2023

Acute allograft injury was observed in a 37-year-old woman within a few weeks after kidney transplantation. Neither renal ultrasound nor computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography revealed any anomaly. An MR protocol was then performed including arterial spin labeling and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging. Both arterial spin labeling and the perfusion fraction in the diffusion weighted imaging showed decreased perfusion compared to reference values. The patient subsequently underwent angiography, where an arteriovenous fistula in the upper calix of the transplant kidney was detected and immediate embolization was performed. A second functional MR, performed one week later, demonstrated a 40% increase in organ perfusion. We conclude that functional MR with arterial spin labeling and intravoxel incoherent motion have the potential to provide complementary information of clinical value to conventional imaging for monitoring renal allografts.
Exploring long-term electrification pathway dynamics: a case study of Ethiopia
Authors: Sahlberg Andreas , Usher Will , Pappis Ioannis , Broad Oliver , Kebede Fitsum Salehu , Walle Tewodros
Published: January 2023

The Open Source Spatial Electrification Tool (OnSSET) is extended to provide a long-term geospatial electrification analysis of Ethiopia, focusing on the role of grid- and off-grid technologies to increase residential electricity access under different scenarios. Furthermore, the model explores issues of compatibility between the electricity supply technologies over time. Six potential scenarios towards universal access to electricity in the country are examined based on three pathways; the Ambition pathway sees high demand growth and universal access achieved by 2025, the Slow Down pathway follows a lower demand growth with a slower electrification rate and with a higher share of off-grid technologies, and the Big Business pathway prioritizes grid electricity first for the industrial sector, leading to slower residential electrification. The results show a large focus on grid extension and stand-alone PV deployment for least-cost electrification in case of low grid-generation costs and uninhibited grid expansion. However, in case of a slower grid rollout rate and high demand growth, a more dynamic evolution of the supply system is seen, where mini-grids play an important role in transitional electrification. Similarly, in the case where grid electricity generation comes at a higher cost, mini-grids prove to be cost-competitive with the centralized grid in many areas. Finally, we also show that transitional mini-grids, which are later incorporated into the centralized grid, risk increasing the investments significantly during the periods when these are integrated and mini-grid standards are not successfully implemented. In all cases, existing barriers to decentralized technologies must be removed to ensure off-grid technologies are deployed and potentially integrated with the centralized grid as needed.
Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Garnett Roman
Published: January 2023

Bayesian optimization is a methodology for optimizing expensive objective functions that has proven success in the sciences, engineering, and beyond. This timely text provides a self-contained and comprehensive introduction to the subject, starting from scratch and carefully developing all the key ideas along the way. This bottom-up approach illuminates unifying themes in the design of Bayesian optimization algorithms and builds a solid theoretical foundation for approaching novel situations. The core of the book is divided into three main parts, covering theoretical and practical aspects of Gaussian process modeling, the Bayesian approach to sequential decision making, and the realization and computation of practical and effective optimization policies. Following this foundational material, the book provides an overview of theoretical convergence results, a survey of notable extensions, a comprehensive history of Bayesian optimization, and an extensive annotated bibliography of applications.
How older adults with physical impairments maintain their autonomy in nursing homes
Authors: van Loon Jolande , Janssen Meriam , Janssen Bienke , de Rooij Ietje , Luijkx Katrien
Published: January 2023

Autonomy is important to persons, including when they are living in nursing homes. Especially the relational dimension of autonomy is crucial for older adults with physical impairments. They generally have the decisional capacity to make choices about how they want to live their lives, but are often unable, or only partially able, to exercise these decisions themselves. To execute decisions, older adults are dependent on those who support them or care for them. However, little is known about how nursing home residents maintain autonomy in daily life and how others are involved in the decisions and execution of the decisions. To examine how older adults with physical impairments living in nursing homes maintain autonomy in daily life, shadowing, a non-participative observational method, was used. Seventeen older adults were shadowed during the course of one day. The observation ended with a brief interview. After the shadowing, the detailed observation notes were typed out, combined with the verbatim transcript resulting in one extensive report per shadowee. All 17 reports were coded and analysed thematically. Six elements for how older adults maintain autonomy in relation with others were identified, i.e. ‘being able to decide and/or execute decisions’, ‘active involvement’, ‘transferring autonomy to others’, ‘using preferred spaces’, ‘choosing how to spend time in daily life’ and ‘deciding about important subjects’. For all six elements established in this study, it was found that older adults with physical impairments living in nursing homes could only maintain autonomy in daily life when others, such as staff, family and friends, were responsive to signals of the needs of older adults.
De-coding the image of the firm: secret reserves and internal financing in the German chemical industry, c. 1890–1916
Authors: Steinfeld Frederic
Published: January 2023

This article uses the leading firms of the German chemical industry as a case study to provide a detailed example of how companies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century used internal financing as an instrument of corporate finance. It traces the at first diverse significance of internal financing for the industry and identifies two moments of market concentration that triggered a convergence of corporate finance by a harmonisation of accounting standards that were not predefined by legal frameworks. The article argues that secret reserves and further ways of internal financing were key components of this harmonisation. The industry-wide creation of secret reserves cloaked the companies’ actual financial strength from outsiders who were merely left with an image of the respective firms that was carefully drafted by companies’ managers.
Review of the Ordovician pelagic trilobite Ellipsotaphrus (Cyclopygoidea, Ellipsotaphridae) and its allies, with new discoveries from Girvan, Ayrshire
Authors: INGHAM J. Keith , FORTEY Richard A.
Published: January 2023

Following Fortey and Owens (1987), the Ordovician trilobite taxon Ellipsotaphrinae is established as valid, but is argued to have full family status within the Cyclopygoidea. It encompasses the existing genera Ellipsotaphrus, Girvanopyge Gamops and Circulocrania together with two new genera proposed herein, Arisemolobes and Synaptotaphrus. Typical ellipsotaphrid genera have a totally circumscribed ‘foreglabella’, incorporating extended S1 furrows and a portion of the occipital furrow. The known range of the family is Floian to Katian. Genera are conservative in form throughout their ranges and are widespread. All occur only in deeper water sediments with palaeooceanic access. Ellipsotaphrus monophthalmus and Ellipsotaphrus infaustus are reassessed and Ellipsotaphrus zhongguoensis, from the Katian of China, is regarded as a junior synonym of the Katian Girvan species Ellipsotaphrus pumilio. Girvanopyge [ = Cremastoglottos; Nanlingia; Waldminia] is demonstrated, partly on the basis of new material from the Katian of Girvan, to be an ellipsotaphrid cyclopygoid and not to have a close affinity to the remopleuridids, as had been clained. Girvanopyge barrandei, from the Katian of the Czech Republic, is synonymised with Girvanopyge caudata from China. Gamops is revived for forms showing a relationship to both Girvanopyge and Ellipsotaphrus. It encompasses three Czech species including the Dapingian Gamops triangulatus, which probably also occurs in correlative strata in South Wales. The systematic treatment is supported by new material from the Upper Ordovician of the Girvan district, and the relevant geology of this area is described in detail. New species proposed are: Arisemolobes zhouzhiyii, Synaptotaphrus oarion and Circulocrania ? dichaulax.
Die generalistische Pflegeausbildung in Deutschland aus Sicht Auszubildender
Authors: Olden Daria , Großmann Daniel , Dorin Lena , Meng Michael , Peters Miriam , Reuschenbach Bernd
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die generalistische Pflegeausbildung wurde in Deutschland 2020 als Reaktion auf veränderte Versorgungsbedingungen eingeführt. Die Umsetzung bedarf einer systematischen Begleitforschung. Hierfür wurde eine Längsschnittbefragung mit drei Befragungen eines deutschlandweiten Panels von Auszubildenden in der generalistischen Pflegeausbildung etabliert. Fragestellung/Ziele: Berichtet werden Ergebnisse der ersten Befragungswelle. Der explorative Ansatz schafft eine Datenbasis, die Einblicke in das Ausbildungserleben gibt und Anpassungsbedarfe erkennen lässt. Methode: Die Panelbefragung erfolgte online mittels standardisierter Fragebögen. Befragt wurden Auszubildende, die im Jahr 2020 mit der generalistischen Pflegeausbildung begonnen hatten. 1.267 Auszubildende von 316 Pflegeschulen aus 15 Bundesländern nahmen an der ersten Befragungswelle teil. Erhoben wurden Merkmale der Ausbildungswahl, Erfahrungen zum Schul- und Praxislernen sowie Rahmenfaktoren der Ausbildung. Ergebnisse: Die Ausbildungswahl erfolgt vornehmlich interessengeleitet (77,8%). Die Ausbildung wird insgesamt gut bis befriedigend bewertet (Gesamtnote 2,45). Häufige und gute Praxisanleitungen sowie ein Informationstransfer zwischen Pflegeschule und Praxis sind für die Befragten bedeutsam, werden jedoch nur in geringem Maße umgesetzt. Ein Mehrbedarf an Unterstützungsangeboten deutet sich an. Schlussfolgerungen: Neben positiven Befunden zeigen sich Herausforderungen zur Gestaltung des Praxislernens und des Theorie-Praxis-Dialogs. Unterstützungsangebote sollten ausgebaut werden.
Proxy‐Model Comparison for the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition in Southern High Latitudes
Authors: Tibbett Emily J. , Burls Natalie J. , Hutchinson David K. , Feakins Sarah J.
Published: January 2023

The Eocene‐Oligocene transition (EOT) marks the shift from greenhouse to icehouse conditions at 34 Ma, when a permanent ice sheet developed on Antarctica. Climate modeling studies have recently assessed the drivers of the transition globally. Here we revisit those experiments for a detailed study of the southern high latitudes in comparison to the growing number of mean annual sea surface temperature (SST) and mean air temperature (MAT) proxy reconstructions, allowing us to assess proxy‐model temperature agreement and refine estimates for the magnitude of the pCO2 forcing of the EOT. We compile and update published proxy temperature records on and around Antarctica for the late Eocene (38–34 Ma) and early Oligocene (34–30 Ma). Compiled SST proxies cool by up to 3°C and MAT by up to 4°C between the timeslices. Proxy data were compared to previous climate model simulations representing pre‐ and post‐EOT, typically forced with a halving of pCO2. We scaled the model outputs to identify the magnitude of pCO2 change needed to drive a commensurate change in temperature to best fit the temperature proxies. The multi‐model ensemble needs a 30 or 33% decrease in pCO2, to best fit MAT or SST proxies respectively. These proxy‐model intercomparisons identify declining pCO2 as the primary forcing of EOT cooling, with a magnitude (200 or 243 ppmv) approaching that of the pCO2 proxies (150 ppmv). However individual model estimates span a decrease of 66–375 ppmv, thus proxy‐model uncertainties are dominated by model divergence.
Fc effector of anti-Aβ antibody induces synapse loss and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease-like mouse model
Authors: Sun Xiao-ying , Yu Xiao-lin , Zhu Jie , Li Ling-jie , Zhang Lun , Huang Ya-ru , Liu Dong-qun , Ji Mei , Sun Xun , Zhang Ling-xiao , Zhou Wei-wei , Zhang Dongming , Jiao Jianwei , Liu Rui-tian
Published: January 2023

Passive immunotherapy is one of the most promising interventions for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, almost all immune-modulating strategies fail in clinical trials with unclear causes although they attenuate neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD animal models. Here, we showed that Aβ-targeting antibodies including their lgG1 and lgG4 subtypes induced microglial engulfment of neuronal synapses by activating CR3 or FcγRIIb via the complex of Aβ, antibody, and complement. Notably, anti-Aβ antibodies without Fc fragment, or with blockage of CR3 or FcγRIIb, did not exert these adverse effects. Consistently, Aβ-targeting antibodies, but not their Fab fragments, significantly induced acute microglial synapse removal and rapidly exacerbated cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice post-treatment, whereas the memory impairments in mice were gradually rescued thereafter. Since the recovery rate of synapses in humans is much lower than that in mice, our findings may clarify the variances in the preclinical and clinical studies assessing AD immunotherapies. Therefore, Aβ-targeting antibodies lack of Fc fragment, or with reduced Fc effector function, may not induce microglial synaptic pruning, providing a safer and more efficient therapeutic alternative for passive immunotherapy for AD.
Polygenic risk for mental disorders as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Stein Murray B. , Jain Sonia , Parodi Livia , Choi Karmel W. , Maihofer Adam X. , Nelson Lindsay D. , Mukherjee Pratik , Sun Xiaoying , He Feng , Okonkwo David O. , Giacino Joseph T. , Korley Frederick K. , Vassar Mary J. , Robertson Claudia S. , McCrea Michael A. , Temkin Nancy , Markowitz Amy J. , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Rosand Jonathan , Manley Geoffrey T. ,   TRACK-TBI Investigators, Badjatia Neeraj , Duhaime Ann-Christine , Ferguson Adam R. , Gopinath Shankar , Grandhi Ramesh , Madden Christopher , Merchant Randall , Schnyer David , Taylor Sabrina R. , Yue John K. , Zafonte Ross
Published: January 2023

Many patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are at risk for mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of this study was to determine whether the polygenic risk for PTSD (or for related mental health disorders or traits including major depressive disorder [MDD] and neuroticism [NEU]) was associated with an increased likelihood of PTSD in the aftermath of mTBI. We used data from individuals of European ancestry with mTBI enrolled in TRACK-TBI (n = 714), a prospective longitudinal study of level 1 trauma center patients. One hundred and sixteen mTBI patients (16.3%) had probable PTSD (PCL-5 score ≥33) at 6 months post-injury. We used summary statistics from recent GWAS studies of PTSD, MDD, and NEU to generate polygenic risk scores (PRS) for individuals in our sample. A multivariable model that included age, sex, pre-injury history of mental disorder, and cause of injury explained 7% of the variance in the PTSD outcome; the addition of the PTSD-PRS (and five ancestral principal components) significantly increased the variance explained to 11%. The adjusted odds of PTSD in the uppermost PTSD-PRS quintile was nearly four times higher (aOR = 3.71, 95% CI 1.80–7.65) than in the lowest PTSD-PRS quintile. There was no evidence of a statistically significant interaction between PTSD-PRS and prior history of mental disorder, indicating that PTSD-PRS had similar predictive utility among those with and without pre-injury psychiatric illness. When added to the model, neither MDD-PRS nor NEU-PRS were significantly associated with the PTSD outcome. These findings show that the risk for PTSD in the context of mTBI is, in part, genetically influenced. They also raise the possibility that an individual’s PRS could be clinically actionable if used—possibly with other non-genetic predictors—to signal the need for enhanced follow-up and early intervention; this precision medicine approach needs to be prospectively studied.