bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iyuku raathi, a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa
Authors: Forster Catherine A. , de Klerk William J. , Poole Karen E. , Chinsamy‐Turan Anusuya , Roberts Eric M. , Ross Callum F.
Published: July 2022

We name and describe a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Creteceous Kirkwood Formation, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This dinosaur is one of only two ornithopod dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous of southern Africa, and is unique in being represented primarily by hatchling to young juvenile individuals as demonstrated by bone histological analysis. All of the juvenile material of this new taxon comes from a single, laterally‐restricted bonebed and specimens were primarily recovered as partial to complete single elements, although rare articulated materials and one partial skeleton were found. Sedimentology of the bonebed suggests that this horizon heralds a change in environment upsection to a drier and more seasonal climate. This accumulation of bones is interpreted as seasonal mortality from a nesting site or nesting grounds and may be linked to this environmental shift.
Actuator fault tolerance based on continuous‐time fuzzy singularly perturbed model
Authors: He Chunxiao , Li Xisheng , Chen Jinxiang
Published: July 2022

Actuator fault tolerance based on fuzzy singularly perturbed model (FSPM) for nonlinear singularly perturbed systems (NSPSs) is investigated. A continuous‐time FSPM with subtractive faults on control input is presented to describe NSPSs with actuator faults, which is less conservative than slow–fast submodel methods. A hybrid fuzzy controller (HFC) consisting of a fuzzy detector and a fault‐tolerant controller can realize real‐time fault tolerance, such that the target system with actuator faults is stabilized. The theorem to solve controller gains is derived by using Lyapunov, singular perturbation, , and Schur complement theories, which can avoid the problem that the feasible solutions cannot be obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A nonlinear item was replaced by a linear item, which provides a good idea for solving nonlinear matrix inequalities. The sudden and remittent actuator faults of a motor system are suppressed by using the above approaches.
Optical properties of novel luminescent nacre‐like epoxy/graphene nanocomposite coating integrated with lanthanide‐activated aluminate nanoparticles
Authors: Snari Razan M. , Alzahrani Seraj Omar , Katouah Hanadi A. , Alkhamis Kholood , Alaysuy Omaymah , Abumelha Hana M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: July 2022

Nacre structure has aragonite polygonal tablets, tessellated to generate separate layers, and exhibits adjacent layers and tablets within a layer bonded by a biopolymer. Here, we report the development of a nacre‐like organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite coating consisting of epoxy tablets as well as rare‐earth‐activated aluminate and graphene oxide tablet/tablet interfaces. The lanthanide‐activated aluminate was prepared using a high temperature solid‐state approach followed by top‐down technology to provide the phosphor nanoparticles (PNPs). Graphene oxide nanosheets were prepared from graphite. The prepared epoxy/graphene/phosphor nanocomposites were applied onto mild steel. Covalent bonds were formed between epoxy polymer chains resin and the graphene oxide nanosheets. These interface interactions resulted in a tough surface, high tensile strength, and excellent durability. The use of phosphor in the nanoparticle form guaranteed that no agglomerations were produced throughout the hardening procedure by allowing better distribution of PNPs in the nacre‐like matrix. The generated nacre‐like substrates displayed reversible fluorescence. The excitation of the white coloured nacre‐like coats at 367 nm resulted in a green emission band at 518 nm as designated by the Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) Laboratory and photoluminescence spectra. Various analysis methods were utilized to inspect the surface structure and elemental composition of the nacre‐like coats. An improved hydrophobicity and mechanical characteristics were detected when increasing the phosphor concentration. Due to the astonishing characteristics of the prepared nacre‐like composite paint, both ceramics and metals can benefit from the current simple strategy.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on gait disorders and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Shan , Dong Zhimei , Pan Liya , Liu Ying , Ye Ziming , Qin Lu , Liu Qianqian , Qin Chao
Published: July 2022

Background

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is acknowledged to be crucial to manage freezing of gait (FOG) and cognitive impairment for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effectiveness is unclear.

Objective

To determine the effects of rTMS on FOG and cognitive function in people with PD and to investigate potential factors that modulate the rTMS effects.

Methods

Databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 31, 2021. Eligible studies include a controlled randomized clinical trial of rTMS intervention for FOG and cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with fixed‐effects models. The outcome of the study included gait and cognitive assessments.

Results

Sixteen studies with a total of 419 patients were included. Fixed‐effects analysis revealed that rTMS was effective in improving freezing of gait questionnaire scores (short‐term effect: WMD = −0.925, 95% CI: −1.642 to −0.209, p = .011; long‐term effect: WMD = −2.120, 95% CI: −2.751 to −1.489, p = .000), 10‐m walking time (short‐term effect: WMD = −0.456, 95% CI: −0.793 to −0.119, p = .008; long‐term effect: WMD = −0.526, 95% CI: −0.885 to −0.167, p = .004), Timed Up‐and‐Go scores (short‐term effect: WMD = −1.064, 95% CI: −1.555 to −0.572, p = .000; long‐term effect: WMD = −1.097, 95% CI: −1.422 to −0.772, p = .000), Montreal cognitive assessment (WMD = 3.714, 95% CI: 2.567 to 4.861, p = .000), and frontal assessment battery (WMD = −0.584, 95% CI: −0.934 to −0.234, p = .001).

Conclusions

RTMS showed a beneficial effect on FOG and cognitive dysfunction in parkinsonism. However, the optimal rTMS protocol has not been determined and further high‐quality studies are needed.
Global Examination of Mental State: An open tool for the brief evaluation of cognition
Authors: Mondini Sara , Montemurro Sonia , Pucci Veronica , Ravelli Adele , Signorini Matteo , Arcara Giorgio
Published: July 2022

Background

The aim of this paper is to present a freely accessible new instrument for the evaluation of cognition: the Global Examination of Mental State (GEMS).

Methods

It is made up of 11 items tapping into a range of skills, such as Orientation in time and space, Memory, Working memory, Visuo‐spatial, Visuo‐constructional and Planning abilities, Perceptual and visual Attention, Language (Naming, Comprehension, and Verbal fluency), and Pragmatics.

Results

The psychometric strengths of this screening are: (1) extensive and updated normative data on the adult Italian population (from 18 to 100 years old); (2) absence of ceiling effect in healthy individuals, which allows to better detect interindividual variability; (3) comparison of the global scores with normative data taking into account Cognitive Reserve rather than only education, thus increasing diagnostic accuracy; (4) thresholds for significant change over time and the possibility to use parallel versions (GEMS‐A/GEMS‐B) for test‐retest; (5) solid psychometric properties and data on discriminant validity; and (6) free access to all materials (record forms, instructions, and cut‐off scores) on the web under a Creative Common License.

Conclusions

With all these characteristics, GEMS could be a very useful paper‐and‐pencil instrument for cognitive screening.
A longitudinal evaluation of fatigue in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Gable Karissa L. , Peric Stojan , Lutz Michael W. , Bozovic Ivo , Petrovic Milutin , Stojanov Aleksandar , Basta Ivana , Allen Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2022

Background and aims

Fatigue is a common but poorly understood complaint in patients with immune‐mediated polyneuropathies. We sought to evaluate changes in fatigue over 1 year in a cohort of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients and to correlate changes in fatigue with changes in disability and quality of life. Investigation into other factors that may contribute to fatigue with a particular interest in the role other chronic disease states may play was also performed.

Methods

Fifty patients with CIDP who satisfied the 2010 EFNS/PNS diagnostic criteria were followed over the period of 1 year at three tertiary care centers in Serbia. Assessments of disability, quality of life, and patient perception of change and fatigue were collected at two time points 12 months apart. Comorbidities, treatment regimens, and sedating medication use was collected.

Results

Disability, quality of life, and patient perception of change showed statistically significant correlations with change in fatigue (p < .01). Increased levels of fatigue were noted in patients who used sedating medications (p = .05) and who had a comorbid chronic medical condition (p = .01).

Interpretation

Worsening fatigue correlates over time with increased disability and worse quality of life. Fatigue is not specific to CIDP, but is common in many chronic medical conditions and with the use of sedating medications. Our findings support the importance of identifying and supportively managing fatigue in patients with CIDP, but cautions against considering fatigue as a CIDP diagnostic symptom or using fatigue to justify immunotherapy utilization.
Organic Near‐Infrared Luminescent Materials Based on Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Process†
Authors: Che Zong‐Lu , Yan Chang‐Cun , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Organic near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials have captured intense research interest owing to their potential applications in optical communication, data storage, bioimaging, sensing and night vision. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process with absorption in normal form while emission in tautomer form can lead to a distinct redshift emission, based on which, a lot of organic NIR luminescent materials were designed. Because of attractive features such as ultrahigh sensitivity to the surroundings, large Stokes shift, and inherent four level system, ESIPT based NIR luminescent materials are supposed to be ideal fluorescent probes and gain materials. In this review, first, organic near‐infrared luminescent materials based on ESIPT process are summarized according to the core structures. Second, recent advances of ESIPT‐based organic near‐infrared fluorescent probes and organic NIR lasers are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of ESIPT‐based organic NIR luminescent materials are introduced.
Cascade Synthesis of Luminescent Difluoroboron Diketonate Compounds forRoom‐TemperatureOrganic Afterglow Materials
Authors: Li Junbo , Wang Xuepu , Zhao Xiaoya , Chen Xuefeng , Ding Shuhui , Wu Minjian , Zhang Kaka
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Difluoroboron β‐diketonate (BF2bdk) compounds represent an important class of luminescent materials, whereas their synthesis requires multiple steps, which restrict their application in diverse fields. Here we report a cascade reaction to prepare BF2bdk from aromatic ketones, carboxylic acids, trifluoroacetic anhydride and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The cascade reaction is very simple and straightforward to produce BF2bdk with desired functional groups in reasonable isolation yields. Further, when some specific BF2bdk compounds are used as luminescent dopants, organic room‐temperature phosphorescence with lifetimes >1.0 s and intense afterglow under ambient conditions can be achieved with the assistance by suitable organic matrices. The dopant‐matrix materials exhibit excellent processability into desired patterns and large‐area panels, and function as efficient donors of excited state energy transfer for the fabrication of red afterglow materials. The materials can be processed into aqueous afterglow dispersion that displays unique property of escaping the interference from strong fluorescence background.
Allergic multimorbidity is associated with self‐reported anaphylaxis in adults—A cross‐sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Thomander Tuuli , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna , Salimäki Johanna , Jantunen Juha , Huhtala Heini , Pallasaho Paula , Kauppi Paula
Published: July 2022

Background

Anaphylaxis has increased over the last two decades in Europe, reaching an estimated prevalence of 0.3% and an incidence of 1.5–7.9 per 100,000 person‐years. Allergic multimorbidity is associated with asthma severity, yet its role in anaphylaxis is not fully understood. Our aim was to study association between allergic multimorbidity and anaphylaxis in adults.

Methods

We used population‐based data from the Finnish Allergy Barometer Study (n = 2070, age range: 5–75). Food allergy (FA), atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC), were defined from a self‐completed questionnaire. A logistic regression adjusted on potential confounders (sex, age, smoking status) was applied to estimate the anaphylaxis risk associated with allergic multimorbidity.

Results

1319 adults with at least one allergic disease (FA, AD, AR, AC) with/without asthma (AS) were included. Of these, 164 had self‐reported anaphylaxis [mean (SD, min‐max) 54 (14, 22–75) years, 17% men]. AS, FA, AR, AC, or AD were reported by 86.0%, 62.2%, 82.3%, 43.3%, and 53.7% of subjects with anaphylaxis and respectively by 67.8%, 29.5%, 86.2%, 29.4%, and 34.4% of subjects without anaphylaxis. Compared with subjects exhibiting only one allergic disease, the risk of anaphylaxis increased with the number of allergic diseases; adjusted odds ratios (OR) [CI95%] for two, three, four and five coinciding allergic diseases were 1.80 [0.79–4.12], 3.35 [1.47–7.66], 7.50 [3.25–17.32], and 13.5 [5.12–33.09], respectively. The highest risk of anaphylaxis (6.47 [4.33–9.92]) was associated with FA + AS or their various variations with AR/AC/AD embodied, when compared with AR, AC, and AS separately or their combinations.

Conclusions

Anaphylaxis was positively associated with the number of allergic diseases a subject exhibited and with subgroups including FA and/or AS. The results can be applied when estimating the risk of anaphylaxis for individual patients.
Edge preserving noise robust deep learning networks for vehicle classification
Authors: Kiran V. Keerthi , Dash Sonali , Parida Priyadarsan
Published: July 2022

For controlling and managing the traffic and to help traffic surveillance, the vehicles classification is a matter of great importance. In the last few decades, vehicle classification systems based on pattern recognition have been utilized to enhance the efficiency for traffic monitoring systems. In the literature many deep learning networks are suggested for vehicle classification. Even though deep learning algorithms are fascinating and growing research area. However, there are several barriers that slow down its progress. The greatest factor that reduces the progress of deep learning systems is the quality of the image. The available vehicle image datasets are affected by noise, weather, and illumination variations. To overcome these issues, we suggest a robust deep learning system by combining bilateral filter individually with three different networks for the improvement of the robustness of vehicle classification in real‐time application. For validation the suggested networks are assessed on CompCars dataset. The study of literature has reported many Suggested CNN models, some of are discussed here. Lee et al. have employed SqueezeNet model and achieved accuracy of 0.963. Wang et al. have achieved accuracy of 0.989 through H‐squeezeNet model. By employing Faster‐RCNN Inception and SSD MobileNet‐v2 Giron et al. have achieved accuracy of 0.864. Zhang et al. have used Inception‐v3 and attained an accuracy of 0.974. In this article, the proposed CNN bilateral integrated models have accomplished the accuracies as 0.999, 0.997, and 0.988 for Inception‐v3, MobileNet‐v2, SqueezeNet networks, respectively. The results demonstrate the recommended techniques outperform the traditional deep learning networks.
Assessment of vegetation conservation status in plateau areas based on multi‐view and difference identification
Authors: Song Xu , Zhou Hongyu , Liu Guoying
Published: July 2022

Vegetation is the center connecting the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and it plays an irreplaceable and important role in maintaining the regional ecological balance and affecting the changes of the global ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to deeply study the dynamic changes of regional vegetation, predict its future development trend, and comprehensively evaluate its ecological security status. Based on this, this paper combines the multi‐view and difference identification methods to carry out an evaluation study of the vegetation protection status in the plateau area. This paper takes the Huangshui watershed in Qinghai Province as the research area, uses HJ‐1 A star HSI hyperspectral remote sensing images, field measured vegetation canopy spectrum and other auxiliary classification data as data sources, and uses emerging hyperspectral remote sensing technology for analysis. After the above data is preprocessed, spectral data form transformation, hyperspectral data dimensionality reduction and image multi‐view classification feature selection, we use the CART decision tree to classify typical vegetation remote sensing. Finally, we use the landscape ecological security evaluation model to evaluate the vegetation ecological security of the basin. The simulation test verifies the applicability of the scheme in the classification of vegetation hyperspectral remote sensing in complex terrain areas.
Study on the variation rule of smoke back‐layering length of tunnel ceiling jet induced by strong fire plume
Authors: Chen Longfei , Zhou Shanxin , Li Xiaosong , Li Tao , Guo Hanwen , Wang Yanyao
Published: July 2022

Tunnel fire is a major research topic in tunnel safety. Because of the tunnel's narrow and enclosed structure, smoke movement plays an important role in the investigation of the tunnel fire. In this paper, the Froude similarity principle is used to study the variation rule of the smoke back‐layering length of tunnel ceiling jet induced by strong fire plume with different heat release rates, longitudinal ventilation velocities, and effective heights of fire source analyzed. It is found that the smoke back‐layering length of tunnel ceiling jet induced by strong fire plume increases with the increase of effective height of fire source and decreases with the increase of longitudinal ventilation velocity. When the heat release rate is relatively small (), the smoke back‐layering length of the tunnel ceiling jet induced by strong fire plume increases as the heat release rate increases. However, for the larger heat release rate (), the smoke back‐layering length of the tunnel ceiling jet induced by strong fire plume is mainly related to the longitudinal ventilation velocity. Based on Thomas's model and Li's model, by introducing the correction coefficient, correction formulas of the smoke back‐layering length of tunnel ceiling jet induced by strong fire plume changing with the effective height of fire source are proposed.
Serum human chorionic gonadotropin ratios for the detection of etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine resistance in high‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Sirimusika Nathapol , Boonyapipat Sathana
Published: July 2022

Aims

This study aimed to identify the optimal human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ratio in predicting etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine resistance in women diagnosed with high‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and to compare the chemoresistant disease detection rate by using the optimal hCG ratio and traditional criteria.

Methods

Seventy‐six women with primary high‐risk GTN treated with etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine in a tertiary‐care center were included. The hCG ratio was determined by its serum pretreatment level divided by that before each cycle of chemotherapy. The traditional criteria for chemoresistance included plateau or rising of hCG or presence of new metastasis. The optimal hCG ratio was determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Among the specificities of 90%, 92.5%, and 95%, the 90% specificity yielded the best ROC curve. At 90% specificity, the best area under curve value was at the fourth cycle with 75% sensitivity. The hCG ratio at the fourth cycle was 31.92. Using the ratio at the fourth cycle, chemoresistant disease was detected in six out of eight patients, compared to one in the traditional criteria. When combining the two diagnostic tools, the cumulative detection rate in the fourth cycle was 10/12 (83.3%) of total drug resistance. Among patients who developed drug resistance at the fourth cycle or thereafter, the use of the ratio at the fourth cycle could diagnose chemoresistance approximately two cycles earlier than that with the traditional criteria.

Conclusions

A hCG ratio of <31.9 at the fourth cycle should be considered a high‐risk for etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine resistance and may need second‐line chemotherapy. The ratio increases the detection rate of resistance to these drugs more than the traditional criteria.
Supervised preoperative walking on increasing early postoperative stamina and mobility in older adults with frailty traits: A pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Rampam Sanjeev , Sadiq Hammad , Patel Jay , Meyer David , Uy Karl , Yates Jennifer , Schanzer Andres , Movahedi Babak , Lindberg James , Crawford Sybil , Gurwitz Jerry , Mazor Kathleen , Stefan Mihaela , White Daniel , Walz Matthias , Kapoor Alok
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

Frail older adults are more than twice as likely to experience postoperative complications. Preoperative exercise may better prepare these patients through improved stamina and mobility experienced in the days following surgery. We measured the impact of a walking intervention using an activity tracker and coaching on postoperative stamina, and mobility in older adults with frailty traits.

Methods

We included patients aged 60+ and scoring 4+ on the Edmonton Frailty Scale. We then randomized patients to intervention versus control stratified by anticipated hospital stay (1 night vs. 2+ night) and baseline stamina (i.e., 6‐min walk distance [6MWD]). Intervention patients received an activity tracker and linked smart phone. An athletic trainer (AT) prescribed a daily step count goal and titrated this up after checking in with patients during weekly telephone calls. Controls received general walking recommendations. We then measured postoperative 6MWD 1–3 days after surgery. We also assessed postoperative mobility by measuring steps walked the day after surgery using a thigh‐worn monitor. Because many patients could not walk postoperatively, we compared intervention‐control difference in both 6MWD and steps using Wilcoxon rank testing and Tobit and ordinal logistic regression adjusting for several patient characteristics.

Results

We randomized 104 eligible patients; 80 patients remained for final analysis. There was no difference in intervention versus control postoperative 6MWD (median 72 vs. 74 m Wilcoxon p = 0.54) or postoperative steps taken (median 128 vs. 51 steps Wilcoxon p = 0.76). Analysis adjusting for patient characteristics was consistent with these findings.

Conclusion

Our intervention consisting of goal setting with an activity tracker and telephonic coaching by an AT did not appear to improve stamina or mobility measured in the days after surgery. Small sample size limited our ability to examine this impact in subsets defined by surgical specialty or baseline stamina.
Communications of sustainability practices in the banking sector: Evidence from cross‐country analysis
Authors: Moufty Souad , Al‐Najjar Basil , Ibrahim Abdulhadi
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to empirically explore the content and the extent of sustainability disclosure in the banking sector in the European Union (EU) and the United States. We empirically examine the implications of institutional theory within the banking sector context and provide classification of our sampled banks. In addition, a tailored sustainability index has been developed and content analysis has been employed to examine the current sustainability disclosure in the EU and the US banking sector. Using a sample of 483 report‐year observations, the results reveal that the EU banks have carried out more sustainability disclosure compared with US banks, and banks in both regions are mostly interested in how their operations influence the society that banks operate in (direct social impact), followed by the indirect environmental impact of their products and services. We find evidence of the applicability of institutional theory in sustainability communications within our sample. Therefore, our findings provide a clearer breakdown of sustainability disclosure in the banking sector using a cross‐country context. Finally, we update our sample to include 67 EU banks matched by 67 US banks for the period from 2013 to 2021 and use ESG scores to reflect the sustainability dimension and we report that EU banks outperform the US banks in three dimensions (the direct social, the direct environmental and the indirect social scores), while the US banks have the lead in the indirect environmental sustainability scores.
Peer sexual harassment, affect, and substance use: Daily level associations among adolescents
Authors: Livingston Jennifer A. , Wang Weijun , Testa Maria , Derrick Jaye L. , Nickerson Amanda B. , Miller Kathleen E. , Haas Jennifer L. , Espelage Dorothy L.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Peer sexual harassment is associated with adolescent substance use at the global level; however, it is unknown whether substance use occurs proximal in time to the sexual harassment experience. This study used daily reports to examine the proximal relations between sexual harassment victimization and affect and substance use. Based on theories of self‐medication, we hypothesized that negative affect and substance use (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) would be higher than typical on days when sexual harassment occurred relative to nonvictimization days.

Method

A community sample of 13–16‐year‐old adolescents (N = 204, 55.4% female) from a metropolitan area in the northeastern United States completed 56 days of online reports assessing experiences with peer sexual harassment, substance use (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana), and positive and negative affect.

Results

Multilevel modeling revealed that experiencing sexual harassment on a given day was associated with higher than typical negative affect on that day, relative to nonvictimization days. The likelihood of cigarette and alcohol use (but not electronic cigarettes, marijuana, or positive affect) was greater on days when sexual harassment occurred.

Conclusion

Sexual harassment victimization is proximally associated with negative affect and alcohol and cigarette use, suggesting that adolescents may be using substances to cope with sexual harassment victimization. The co‐occurrence of sexual harassment with negative affect and substance use points to the need for prevention efforts that conjointly address sexual harassment victimization, coping, and substance use.
Barriers to emergency department clinicians' confidence in providing paediatric trauma‐informed care
Authors: Afzal Nimrah , Lyttle Mark D. , Alisic Eva , Trickey David , Hiller Rachel M. , Halligan Sarah L.
Published: July 2022

Background

It has been estimated that around 31% of children will experience a traumatic event during childhood, most commonly serious accidents that lead to hospitalisation. Around 15% of children who experience such events go onto develop post‐traumatic stress disorder. Emergency department (ED) clinicians have a unique opportunity to intervene during the early peri‐trauma period, which can involve incorporating a trauma‐informed approach within their care. The available evidence indicates that clinicians internationally need further education and training to enhance their knowledge and confidence in providing trauma‐informed psychosocial care. However, UK/Ireland specific knowledge is limited.

Methods

The current study analysed the UK and Irish subset of data (N = 434) that was collected as part of an international survey of ED clinicians. Questionnaires indexed clinician confidence in providing psychosocial care, and a range of potential barriers to providing that care. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify predictors of clinician confidence.

Results

Clinicians reported moderate levels of confidence in providing psychosocial care to injured children and families (M = 3.19, SD = 0.46). Regression analyses identified negative predictors of clinical confidence, including a lack of training, worrying about further upsetting children and parents, and low levels of perceived departmental performance in providing psychosocial care (R2 = 0.389).

Conclusions

The findings highlight the need for further training in psychosocial care for ED clinicians. Future research must identify nationally relevant pathways to implement training programmes for clinicians, in order to improve their skills in relation to paediatric traumatic stress and to reduce the perception of barriers identified in the present study.
Qualitative exploration of the lived experience of adults diagnosed with primary mitochondrial disease
Authors: Valverde Kathleen D. , McCormick Elizabeth M. , Falk Marni J.
Published: July 2022

Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of energy deficiency disorders that are typically progressive, with affected individuals experiencing an average of 16 multisystem symptoms. Clinical trials are emerging, but current treatment options remain limited. In PMD, the effect of specific disease factors and their relationship to meaning‐based coping has not been studied. Given the connection between prognostic uncertainty and psychological distress in other patient populations, we explored the lived experience of adults with PMD. Adults with PMD caused by pathogenic variant(s) in nuclear or mitochondrial genes impairing mitochondrial function were interviewed. Interview questions addressed the lived experience with PMD, diagnostic journey, practical learnings at the time of diagnosis, suggestions for supportive information to provide at diagnosis, diagnosis impact on daily living and self‐care, and sources of support and hope. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes (diagnostic challenges, adaptations to daily living, social implications, and meaning‐based coping) and several subthemes (the importance of being hopeful and benefit finding) emerged. Most participants reported strong family support (9/14) and identified a benefit (9/14) derived from their PMD diagnosis, while (5/14) did not identify any benefits. Benefit finding, reframing, and maintaining a positive attitude emerged as common coping in adults living with PMD. Understanding how adults with PMD cope is essential to provide anticipatory guidance and ongoing support for those struggling with their disease diagnosis, progression, and broader life impact. Our findings suggest that adult PMD patients prefer healthcare providers to inquire about their emotional well‐being and meaning based coping with PMD.
Single‐cell transcriptomic atlas reveals distinct immunological responses between COVID‐19 vaccine and natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Xiaoxia , Luu Laurence Don Wai , Li Jieqiong , Cui Xiaodai , Yao Hailan , Chen Shaojin , Fu Jin , Wang Licheng , Wang Chongzhen , Yuan Rui , Cai Qingguo , Huang Xiaolan , Huang Junfei , Li Zhenjun , Li Shijun , Zhu Xiong , Tai Jun
Published: July 2022

To control the ongoing coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine, has been granted emergency use authorization by many countries. However, the underlying mechanisms of the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced immune response remain unclear, and little is known about its features compared to (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we implemented single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to profile longitudinally collected PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in six individuals immunized with CoronaVac and compared these to the profiles of COVID‐19 infected patients from a Single Cell Consortium. Both inactivated vaccines and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection altered the proportion of different immune cell types, caused B cell activation and differentiation, and induced the expression of genes associated with antibody production in the plasma. The inactivated vaccine and SARS‐COV‐2 infection also caused alterations in peripheral immune activity such as interferon response, inflammatory cytokine expression, innate immune cell apoptosis and migration, effector T cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity, however, the magnitude of change was greater in COVID‐19 patients, especially those with severe disease, than in immunized individuals. Further analyses revealed a distinct peripheral immune cell phenotype associated with CoronaVac immunization (HLA class II upregulation and IL21R upregulation in naïve B cells) versus SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (HLA class II downregulation and IL21R downregulation in naïve B cells from severe disease individuals). There were also differences in the expression of important genes associated with proinflammatory cytokines and thrombosis. In conclusion, this study provides a single‐cell atlas of the systemic immune response to CoronaVac immunization and revealed distinct immune responses between inactivated vaccines and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Profiles in persistence: A latent profile analysis of multilevel coping strategies enacted among women in the sciences
Authors: Cruz Mateo , Nagy Noémi
Published: July 2022

This study examines the different ways women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) occupations cope with systemic stereotype threat. Although it is theorized that women in STEM engage multiple and simultaneous strategies in response to stereotype threat, rarely are coping strategies studied in combination. This leaves us with an incomplete picture of coping behavior. To address this gap, we adopt a person‐centered approach to examine nine multilevel stereotype threat management strategies. Drawing from a sample of 515 women in male‐dominated STEM occupations, we use latent profile analysis (LPA) to uncover three distinct profiles (Preservationists, Protectors, and Protagonists) which differ by degree of strategy engagement and preferred location of response (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional). Our findings also show that profile membership is differently associated with person‐related (gender centrality, science identity, and stigma consciousness) and work‐related factors (perceived organizational support, negative emotions at work, and exit due to gender‐based bias) relevant to persistence. This work demonstrates the value of a person‐centered approach in distinguishing coping profiles within and between STEM women in a naturalistic context. It also suggests that organizations can better support STEM women by tailoring interventions that account for differences in coping behavior.
Effects of bio‐augmented Daqu on microbial community, aroma compounds and physicochemical parameters of fermented grains during the brewing of Chinese special‐flavor baijiu
Authors: Fu Guiming , Cai Wenqin , Dong Biao , Wan Yin , Pan Fei , Zheng Fuping , Chen Yanru , Deng Mengfei , Huang Bingjing
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Bio‐augmented Daqu is used to improve the microbial community and physicochemical parameters of fermented grains, thus affecting the flavor and quality of baijiu. This study investigated the effects of bio‐augmented Daqu inoculated with Aspergillus niger NCUF413.1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCUF304.1 on the microbial community, aroma compounds, and physicochemical parameters of fermented grains during special‐flavor baijiu brewing.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group (CG), the utilization of starch and production of ethanol in the inoculated group (IG) increased by 3.55% and 12.59%, respectively. The use of bio‐augmented Daqu changed the bacterial communities. For example, Kroppenstedsia was the dominant bacterial genus (the relative abundance was about 22%) in the CG while Lactobacillus was the main dominant genus (the relative abundance was more than 30%) in the IG on days 20–30. Lactobacillus showed a significant positive correlation with the aroma compounds. The use of bio‐augmented Daqu increased the aroma compound content – such as the ethyl heptanoate and ethyl hexanoate content.

CONCLUSION

The addition of bio‐augmented Daqu with A. niger and S. cerevisiae could change microbial communities, resulting in an increase in the yield of ethanol and the aroma compound content of fermented grains, thus improving the quality of baijiu. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Repetitive simulation training with novel 3D‐printed sinus models for functional endoscopic sinus surgeries
Authors: Suzuki Masanobu , Miyaji Kou , Watanabe Ryosuke , Suzuki Takayoshi , Matoba Kotaro , Nakazono Akira , Nakamaru Yuji , Konno Atsushi , Psaltis Alkis James , Abe Takashige , Homma Akihiro , Wormald Peter‐John
Published: July 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to find a utility of a newly developed 3D‐printed sinus model and to evaluate the educational benefit of simulation training with the models for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Material and methods

Forty‐seven otolaryngologists were categorized as experts (board‐certified physicians with ≥200 experiences of FESS, n = 9), intermediates (board‐certified physicians with <200 experiences of FESS, n = 19), and novices (registrars, n = 19). They performed FESS simulation training on 3D‐printed models manufactured from DICOM images of computed tomography (CT) scan of real patients. Their surgical performance was assessed with the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) score and dissection quality evaluated radiologically with a postdissection CT scan. First we evaluated the face, content, and constructive values. Second we evaluated the educational benefit of the training. Ten novices underwent training (training group) and their outcomes were compared to the remaining novices without training (control group). The training group performed cadaveric FESS surgeries before and after the repetitive training.

Results

The feedback from experts revealed high face and content value of the 3D‐printed models. Experts, intermediates, and novices demonstrated statistical differences in their OSATS scores (74.7 ± 3.6, 58.3 ± 10.1, and 43.1 ± 11.1, respectively, p < .001), and dissection quality (81.1 ± 13.1, 93.7 ± 15.1, and 126.4 ± 25.2, respectively, p < .001). The training group improved their OSATS score (41.1 ± 8.0 to 61.1 ± 6.9, p < .001) and dissection quality (122.1 ± 22.2 to 90.9 ± 10.3, p = .013), while the control group not. After training, 80% of novices with no prior FESS experiences completed surgeries on cadaver sinuses.

Conclusion

Repeated training using the models revealed an initial learning curve in novices, which was confirmed in cadaveric mock FESS surgeries.

Level of evidence

N/A
Extracellular Matrix Microparticles Improve GelMA Bioink Resolution for 3D Bioprinting at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Galliger Zachary , Vogt Caleb D. , Helms Haylie R. , Panoskaltsis‐Mortari Angela
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Current bioinks for 3D bioprinting, such as gelatin‐methacryloyl, are generally low viscosity fluids at room temperature, requiring specialized systems to create complex geometries. Methods and Results: Adding decellularized extracellular matrix microparticles derived from porcine tracheal cartilage to gelatin‐methacryloyl creates a yield stress fluid capable of forming self‐supporting structures. This bioink blend performs similarly at 25 °C to gelatin‐methacryloyl alone at 15 °C in linear resolution, print fidelity, and tensile mechanics. Conclusion: This method lowers barriers to manufacturing complex tissue geometries and removes the need for cooling systems.
Developments in Bio‐Based Soy Protein Adhesives: A Review
Authors: Chen Shiqing , Shi Sheldon Q. , Zhou Wenrui , Li Jianzhang
Published: July 2022

Recently, soy protein has attracted extensive attention from wood industries and consumers in the production of wood adhesives as it is non‐toxic, biodegradable, low cost, and easy to process. There are a variety of reactive groups namely OH, NH2, COOH, and SH, in protein molecules, which offer possibilities for protein denaturation, chemical modification, and increased ionic interactions. The research in protein denaturation, crosslinking modification, biomimetic modification, and organic–inorganic hybrid formulation not only focuses on enhancing the mechanical properties and tolerance to water of the adhesives but also considers its toughness, mildew resistance, and flame retardancy to further optimize the performances of the adhesives. In this paper, soy protein chemical composition, soy protein denaturation, and reinforced modification are discussed to understand these methods and further develop into a multifunctional soy protein‐based adhesive. Given the potential of bio‐based adhesives, these modification methods not only provide the theoretical basis for its development at full scale, but also the possibility for the multifunctional applications of bio‐based adhesives.
Morphology Evolution via a Generic Solvent Additive Concept Enables Large‐Area All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Negligible PCE Loss
Authors: Qian Xitang , Wang Gaoyang , Li Zhenye , Ying Lei , Cao Yong
Published: July 2022

Small‐area all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have obtained excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) through smart design of materials and advanced device fabrication. Nevertheless, commercialization of all‐PSCs requires the urgent development of large‐area all‐PSCs processing techniques compatible with roll‐to‐roll processing. Generally, the PCE of all‐PSCs drops sharply with the increased device area, which is the biggest obstacle for fabrication of large‐area all‐PSCs toward commercialization. Morphology modulation of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film may be an effective strategy for fabrication of large‐area all‐PSCs. In this work, a solvent additive 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) is introduced to regulate the charge transport, molecular orientation, and BHJ film morphology of all‐PSCs. As the device area of all‐PSCs expands from 0.04 to 0.5 cm2, the PCE of the device without DIO reduces by 14.8%, while that of the device with DIO only reduces by 3.3%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the lowest PCE attenuation value achieved for 0.5–1 cm2 all‐PSCs. The DIO solvent additive is also applicable to other efficient all‐PSCs, which proves the advance of generic solvent additive concept for constructing high‐performance large‐area all‐PSCs, and may push forward the commercialization process of all‐PSCs.
Dual‐Control Mechanism of Water and Temperature in Automatically Programmable Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Wanli , Heng Kejie , Chu Mingyu , Qian Binjie , Tang Junkun , Liu Zuozhen , Huang Farong
Published: July 2022

Auto‐programmable shape memory polymers (AP‐SMPs) can deform automatically without external manipulation, exhibiting either a free‐standing temporary shape or a permanent shape. The unique shape memory behaviors derive mainly from control by two factors, water and temperature. However, the control mechanism is unknown. This study analyzes and demonstrates the dual‐control mechanism of water and temperature in the three shape‐changing processes of AP‐SMPs. First, the AP‐SMP is immersed in warm water (50 °C). Asymmetric swelling of bilayer films provides the driving force for the shape auto‐programming of the AP‐SMP. The solvent effect of water reduces the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the AP‐SMP, which becomes lower than the medium temperature in warm water. AP‐SMP can be programmed automatically. Then, the AP‐SMP is removed from water and placed in air at room temperature. The Tg value of the matrix film increases notably in air and exceeds the medium temperature. The temporary shape of the AP‐SMP can thus be fixed. Finally, the AP‐SMP can quickly return to its permanent shape when the medium temperature exceeds the matrix film Tg in air. The dual control shape memory mechanism provides insights into the design and development of AP‐SMPs.
Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Structure and Morphology of Small‐Molecular Additives in Rubber Matrices
Authors: Liu Peilei , Duan Pengwei , Zhao Hengheng , Li Sai , Liu Jun
Published: July 2022

This work investigates the compatibility of ten commercially available accelerators and ten antioxidants with three types of rubber by using molecular dynamics simulation. By constructing fully atomistic models of rubber and small molecules, firstly, the length and number of polymer chains, as well as the number of small molecules are optimized by calculating the solubility parameter. All simulated systems are guaranteed to reach equilibrium by checking the change of the density and energy. Then this work shows that the simulated results match well with each other, which are obtained from the value and the difference of the binding energy of the rubber systems, fractional free volume of the rubber systems, and self‐diffusion coefficient of small molecules calculated from the mean square displacement–time curve. And some small molecules which are more compatible with rubbers are found. More importantly, this study can further determine their compatibility preference by calculating the partition coefficients of small molecules in the rubber blends. Meanwhile, the temperature effect on the change of the compatibility is as well examined. In general, this work provides some guidance for determining the compatibility between rubber and small‐molecule additives, enabling the design of high‐performance rubber materials.
CMMSE: Study of a new symmetric anomaly in the elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic Keplerian motion
Authors: López Ortí José Antonio , Agost Gómez Vicente , Barreda Rochera Miguel
Published: July 2022

In the present work, we define a new anomaly,
, termed semifocal anomaly. It is determined by the mean between the true anomaly,
, and the antifocal anomaly,
; Fukushima defined
as the angle between the periapsis and the secondary around the empty focus. In this first part of the paper, we take an approach to the study of the semifocal anomaly in the hyperbolic motion and in the limit case corresponding to the parabolic movement. From here, we find a relation between the semifocal anomaly and the true anomaly that holds independently of the movement type. We focus on the study of the two‐body problem when this new anomaly is used as the temporal variable. In the second part, we show the use of this anomaly—combined with numerical integration methods—to improve integration errors in one revolution. Finally, we analyze the errors committed in the integration process—depending on several values of the eccentricity—for the elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic cases in the apsidal region.