bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Process Parameters of Catalytic Oxygen Removal over CoMo/γ‐Al2O3 Using Design‐of‐Experiment Approaches
Authors: Suh Sung Youn , Giannico Marco , Watermann Clara Maria , Zeidler‐Fandrich Barbara
Published: July 2024

Catalytic oxygen removal applying a commercial CoMo‐based catalyst has attracted scientific attention owing to its catalytic stability towards poisoning components and cost‐effectiveness. The catalytic performance of the CoMo catalyst was investigated using statistical optimization techniques. The H2S concentrations in the sulfidation and reaction mixture are the key factors regulating the optimal values of deoxygenation reaction. The sulfidation process is a key step to generate the active species. The catalyst remains active in the presence of sulfur compounds in the reaction mixture, which is poisoning for other catalyst systems. An increase in the H2S content enhances the catalytic activity via in‐situ sulfidation within the meaning of regeneration during the reaction. Concentrations above 450 ppm H2S in the reaction mixture result in a nearly complete oxygen conversion and ensure the catalytic stability. At the same time, an increase in the H2S content favors a high sulfidation degree resulting in the formation of active sites.
Forced convection heat transfer from confined circular/semi‐circular heaters and coolers with various orientations
Authors: Kaur Rajvinder , Sharma Sapna , Chandra Avinash
Published: July 2024

The combined implementation of porous medium and hybrid nanofluid with heaters and coolers can be an effective technique to improve the efficiency of several types of electric equipment. In this regard, the present study has been conducted to analyze the forced convection heat transfer of water‐based hybrid nanofluid in porous channel with pairs of heaters and coolers of various shapes. The circular and semi‐circular heaters and coolers with distinct orientations are considered. The Peclet number , Darcy number , porosity , and volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles are chosen as the governing parameters. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method based commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. The acquired results exhibit that the heat transfer from heaters and coolers is enhanced by decreasing and for all the cases and values of and . The lowest heat transfer has been obtained by circular heaters and coolers (case 1). Moreover, the semi‐circular heaters and coolers with curved facing towards channel inlet (case 2) and flat surface towards the bottom channel wall (case 4) show higher heat transfer compared to other cases. The average Nusselt number for case 4 is around 3.63% higher from case 2 at the highest values of the considered parameters. Case 4 shows the minimum drag coefficient and maximum heat transfer at the highest values of the governing parameters.
Clinical outcomes of ruxolitinib treatment in 595 intermediate‐1 risk patients with myelofibrosis: The RUX‐MF Real‐World Study
Authors: Palandri Francesca , Elli Elena M. , Morsia Erika , Benevolo Giulia , Tiribelli Mario , Beggiato Eloise , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Farina Mirko , Martino Bruno , Caocci Giovanni , Pugliese Novella , Tieghi Alessia , Crugnola Monica , Binotto Gianni , Cavazzini Francesco , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Iurlo Alessandra , Isidori Alessandro , Bosi Costanza , Guglielmana Veronica , Venturi Marta , Dedola Alessandra , Loffredo Michele , Fontana Gabriele , Duminuco Andrea , Moioli Alessia , Tosoni Luca , Scalzulli Emilia , Cattaneo Daniele , Lemoli Roberto M. , Cilloni Daniela , Bocchia Monica , Pane Fabrizio , Heidel Florian H. , Vianelli Nicola , Cavo Michele , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Branzanti Filippo , Breccia Massimo
Published: July 2024

Background

Ruxolitinib (RUX) is a JAK1/2 inhibitor approved for the therapy of myelofibrosis (MF) based on clinical trials including only intermediate2‐high risk (INT2/HIGH) patients. However, RUX is commonly used in intermediate‐1 (INT1) patients, with scarce information on responses and outcome.

Methods

The authors investigated the benefit of RUX in 1055 MF patients, included in the “RUX‐MF” retrospective study.

Results

At baseline (BL), 595 (56.2%) patients were at INT1‐risk according to DIPSS (PMF) or MYSEC‐PM (SMF). The spleen was palpable at <5 cm, between 5 and 10 cm, and >10 cm below costal margin in 5.9%, 47.4%, and 39.7% of patients, respectively; 300 (54.1%) were highly symptomatic (total symptom score ≥20). High‐molecular‐risk (HMR) mutations (IDH1/2, ASXL‐1, SRSF2, EZH2, U2AF1Q157) were detected in 77/167 patients. A total of 101 (19.2%) patients had ≥1 cytopenia (Hb < 10 g/dL: n.36; PLT <100 x 109/L: n = 43; white blood cells <4 x 109/L: n = 40). After 6 months on RUX, IWG‐MRT–defined spleen and symptoms response rates were 26.8% and 67.9%, respectively. In univariate analysis, predictors of SR at 6 months were no HMR mutations odds ratio [OR], 2.0, p = .05], no cytopenia (OR, 2.10; p = .01), and blasts <1% (OR, 1.91; p = .01). In multivariate analysis, absence of HMR maintained a significant association (OR, 2.1 [1.12–3.76]; p = .01).

Conclusions

In INT1 patients, responses were more frequent and durable, whereas toxicity rates were lower compared to INT2/high‐risk patients. Presence of HMR mutations, cytopenia, and peripheral blasts identified less‐responsive INT1 patients, who may benefit for alternative therapeutic strategies.
Modulating soybean yield responses to climate warming: The role of E3 and E4 loci in growth period adaptation
Authors: Kumagai Etsushi , Nakano Satoshi , Matsuo Naoki , Yamada Tetsuya
Published: July 2024

Crop models have suggested high sensitivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to day length and the resultant extension of the growth period as a concept to overcome yield loss due to climate warming. However, experimental validation of this concept is incomplete. The E3 and E4 loci encode phytochrome A isoforms and enhance sensitivity to day length. Our previous study showed that the dominant E4 allele can mitigate yield loss due to warming. In this study, we similarly tested the hypothesis that the dominant E3 allele can reduce yield loss caused by warming. One of the leading Japanese cultivars Enrei (e3/E4) and near‐isogenic lines (NIL‐e3e4, NIL‐E3e4, and NIL‐E3E4) in the Enrei genetic background were grown at near ambient temperature or either 2.0°C or 4.7°C above ambient temperature in temperature‐gradient chambers (TGCs) in a cool region in Japan. The number of days from sowing to beginning of flowering (R1) decreased with increasing temperature, regardless of genotype. However, increasing temperature extended the period from R1 to beginning of pod filling (R3) and increased pod number per plant and seed yield per plant in all genotypes except NIL‐e3e4. Combined data from the TGC experiment and from field trials across three different latitudes showed that the decreased developmental rate during the R1–R3 period can be attributed to longer days, rather than by supra‐optimal temperatures. We conclude that E3, in addition to E4, could potentially increase seed yield in cool regions under future warming.
Illuminating the impact of γδ T cells in man and mice in spondylarthritides
Authors: Meyer Anja
Published: July 2024

Spondylarthritides (SpA) are a group of autoinflammatory diseases affecting the spine, peripheral joints, and entheses, including axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis. AxSpA has a multifactorial etiology that involves genetic predispositions, such as HLA‐B27 and IL‐23R. Although HLA‐B27 is strongly associated with axSpA, its role remains unclear. GWAS studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms related to the IL‐23 pathway occur throughout the spectrum of SpA, including but not limited to axSpA and PsA. IL‐23 promotes the production of IL‐17, which drives inflammation and tissue damage. This pathway contributes not only to peripheral enthesitis but also to spinal inflammation. γδ T cells in axSpA express IL‐23R and RORγt, crucial for their activation, although specific pathogenic cells and factors remain elusive. Despite drug efficacy in PsA, IL‐23R inhibition is ineffective in axSpA. Murine models provide valuable insights into the intricate cellular and molecular interactions that contribute to the development and progression of SpA. Those models are useful tools to elucidate the dynamics of γδ T cell involvement, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to illuminate the complex interplay between IL‐23 and γδ T cells in SpA pathogenesis, emphasizing their roles in chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and disease heterogeneity.
Developing normative values and predictive models for the 6‐minute walk test across diverse adolescent developmental stages
Authors: Ghouili Hatem , Dergaa Ismail , Dridi Amel , Farhani Zouhaier , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Ben Aissa Mohamed , Hammami Nadhir , Bouassida Anissa , Guelmami Noomen , Souissi Nizar , Weiss Katja , Rosemann Thomas , Ben Ezzeddine Lamia , Knechtle Beat
Published: July 2024

The six‐minute walking test (6MWT) is commonly used to measure functional capacity in field settings, primarily through the distance covered. This study aims to establish reference curves for the six‐minute walking distance (6MWD) and peak heart rate (PHR) and develop a predictive equation for cardiovascular capacity in Tunisian children and adolescents. A total of 1501 participants (706 boys and 795 girls), aged 10–18 years, were recruited from schools in Tunisia. The Lambda (L), Mu (M), and Sigma (S) methods (LMS method) were employed to develop smoothed percentile curves for 6MWD and PHR. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to formulate a prediction equation for 6MWD. Smoothed percentiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th) for 6MWD and PHR were presented with age. All variables showed a strong positive correlation (p < 0.001) with a six‐minute walking distance (r ranged from 0.227 to 0.558 for girls and from 0.309 to 0.610 for boys), except resting heart rate, which showed a strong negative correlation (girls: r = −0.136; boys: r = −0.201; p < 0.001). Additionally, PHR showed a weak correlation (p > 0.05). The prediction equations, based on age as the primary variable, were established for both genders. For boys: 6MWD = 66.181 + 38.142 × Age (years) (R2 = 0.372; Standard Error of Estimate (SEE) = 122.13), and for girls: 6MWD = 105.535 + 28.390 × Age (years) (R2 = 0.312; SEE = 103.66). The study provides normative values and predictive equations for 6MWD and PHR in Tunisian children and adolescents. These findings offer essential tools for identifying, monitoring, and interpreting cardiovascular functional deficits in clinical and research settings.
Sports and exercise‐related smartphone use is antagonistic to hedonic use in regular exercisers: A cross‐sectional study examining the roles of exercise frequency and duration
Authors: Pirwani Neha , Szabo Attila
Published: July 2024

Background

Hedonic smartphone use has been associated with dependence and addiction studied under the umbrella term Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU). Research usually explores total screen time as an index of PSU. A few studies suggest that exercise is inversely related to smartphone use time. However, it is unknown which primary characteristics of exercise behavior are related to more moderate smarthone use. Furthermore, the purpose of smartphone use, such as hedonic use associated with PSU versus utilitarian use, was not tested in the sports and exercise contexts. Hedonic use generally means playing with the smartphone for joy, distraction, and satisfaction. Utilitarian use implies practical and valuable use. There is a conjecture that sports involvement may foster utilitarian use through increased involvement in sports‐related information‐seeking, goal‐setting, and self‐monitoring.

Methods

Therefore, we examined whether weekly exercise frequency, workout duration, and perceived exercise intensity relate to total daily smarthone and hedonic use and whether this relationship is mediated by sports‐related utilitarian device use. We tested regularly exercising adults (n = 360, 132 males, Mage = 39.0 ± 9.8, Mweekly exercise = 5.8 ± 1.9) who volunteered for this study and provided demographic information about their exercise habits and smartphone use.

Results

The results revealed that all exercise parameters mediated the total daily smartphone use, with perceived exercise intensity being a negative predictor. Further, exercise frequency and duration (but not intensity) positively predicted sports‐related smartphone use, which inversely predicted hedonic use.

Conclusion

These results suggest that exercise parameters directly relate to daily smartphone use, which completely mediates hedonic use. These findings may partially account for the frequently reported inverse relationship between regular exercise and PSU by suggesting that the connection is mediated via sports‐related smartphone use.
CFD study of heat transfer in power‐law fluids over multiple corrugated circular cylinders in a heat exchanger
Authors: Rajpuriya Sonam Gopaldasji , Shyam Radhe
Published: July 2024

The heat transfer in power‐law fluids across three corrugated circular cylinders placed in a triangular pitch arrangement is studied computationally in a confined channel. Continuity, momentum, and energy balance equations were solved using ANSYS FLUENT (Version 18.0). The flow is assumed to be steady, incompressible, two‐dimensional, and laminar. A square domain of side 300Dh is selected after a detailed domain study. An optimized grid with 98,187 cells is used in the study. The convergence criteria of 10−7 for the continuity, x‐momentum, and y‐momentum balances and 10−12 for the energy equation were used. Constant density and non‐Newtonian power‐law viscosity modules were used. The diffusive term is discretized using a central difference scheme. Convective terms are discretized using the Second‐Order Upwind scheme. Pressure–velocity coupling between continuity and momentum equations was implemented using the semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equation scheme. Streamlines show wake development behind the cylinders, which is very dominant at large ReN and n. Isotherm contours are cramped at higher values of ReN and PrN, implying higher heat transfer. Global parameters, like, Cd and Nu, are computed for the wide ranges of controlling dimensionless parameters, such as power‐law index (0.3 ≤ n ≤ 1.5), Reynolds (0.1 ≤ ReN ≤ 40), and Prandtl (0.72 ≤ PrN ≤ 500) numbers. The NuLocal plot attains a pitch near the corrugation of the surface due to abrupt changes in velocity and temperature gradients. Nu increases with ReN and/or PrN and decreases with n under ot herwise identical situations. Nu is correlated with pertinent parameters, namely, ReN, PrN, and n.
An initial assessment of winter microclimatic conditions in response to seismic line disturbance in a forested peatland
Authors: Bayatvarkeshi Maryam , Ketcheson Scott , Weiland Lelia , Strack Maria
Published: July 2024

Linear disturbances are widespread in the boreal region of Alberta, Canada. Despite their ubiquitous nature, little is known about their influence on over‐winter meteorological conditions and if and how they alter the snowpack and soil temperature profiles through altered energy and water balances in the wintertime. The presence of seismic lines could affect hydrological processes in both the wintertime and warm months. This will then affect plant communities and carbon cycling on these disturbances. Thus, understanding the effect of seismic lines on meteorological conditions during cold weather conditions will be important to better understand how they alter ecosystem function. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the effect of two seismic lines with different orientations created for petroleum resource exploration on energy and meteorological variables by comparing them with the near surface conditions in the adjacent wooded peatland area from October 2022 to April 2023. We observed 1.8 times higher photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation on the linear disturbances than in the understory of the undisturbed locations and a greater negative net radiation on the seismic lines compared with that observed off the lines. Furthermore, the average wind speed on the seismic lines were eight and seven times higher at the east–west and south–north oriented seismic lines than the adjacent wooded peatland, respectively. Together, these changes resulted in a denser snowpack on the seismic line and overall higher snow water equivalent in the pre‐melt snowpack. This provided insulation for the soil, and soil temperature on the lines stayed above freezing 7 days longer at the east–west oriented site or retained non‐freezing condition at the south–north oriented site in the upper 15 cm. This would result in more microbial activity and potential higher over‐winter carbon releases.
Distributed edge analytics in edge‐fog‐cloud continuum
Authors: Srirama Satish Narayana
Published: July 2024

To address the increased latency, network load and compromised privacy issues associated with the Cloud‐centric IoT applications, fog computing has emerged. Fog computing utilizes the proximal computational and storage devices, for sensor data analytics. The edge‐fog‐cloud continuum thus provides significant edge analytics capabilities for realizing interesting IoT applications. While edge analytics tasks are usually performed on a single node, distributed edge analytics proposes utilizing multiple nodes from the continuum, concurrently. This paper discusses and demonstrates distributed edge analytics from three different perspectives; serverless data pipelines (SDP), distributed computing and edge analytics, and federated learning, with our frameworks, MQTT based SDP, CANTO and FIDEL, respectively. The results produced in the paper, through different case studies, show the feasibility of performing distributed edge analytics following the three approaches, across the continuum.
Autophagy‐mediated activation of the AIM2 inflammasome enhances M1 polarization of microglia and exacerbates retinal neovascularization
Authors: Liu Xianyang , Zhou Qian , Meng Jiayu , Zuo Hangjia , Li Ruonan , Zhang Rui , Lu Huiping , Zhang Zhi , Li Hongshun , Zeng Shuhao , Tian Meng , Wang Hong , Hu Ke , Li Na , Mao Liming , Hou Shengping
Published: July 2024

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal neovascularization (RNV) disease that is characterized by abnormal blood vessel development in the retina. Importantly, the etiology of ROP remains understudied. We re‐analyzed previously published single‐cell data and discovered a strong correlation between microglia and RNV diseases, particularly ROP. Subsequently, we found that reactive oxygen species reduced autophagy‐dependent protein degradation of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in hypoxic BV2 cells, leading to increased AIM2 protein accumulation. Furthermore, we engineered AIM2 knockout mice and observed that the RNV was significantly reduced compared to wild‐type mice. In vitro vascular function assays also demonstrated diminished angiogenic capabilities following AIM2 knockdown in hypoxic BV2 cells. Mechanistically, AIM2 enhanced the M1‐type polarization of microglia via the ASC/CASP1/IL‐1β pathway, resulting in RNV. Notably, the administration of recombinant protein IL‐1β exacerbated angiogenesis, while its inhibition ameliorated the condition. Taken together, our study provides a novel therapeutic target for ROP and offers insight into the interaction between pyroptosis and autophagy.
The rising SARS‐CoV‐2 JN.1 variant: evolution, infectivity, immune escape, and response strategies
Authors: Lu Yishan , Ao Danyi , He Xuemei , Wei Xiawei
Published: July 2024

The JN.1 variant of COVID‐19 has emerged as the dominant strain worldwide since the end of 2023. As a subclade of the BA.2.86 variant, JN.1 harbors a unique combination of mutations inherited from the BA.2.86 lineage, notably featuring the novel L455S mutation within its receptor‐binding motif. This mutation has been linked to increased transmissibility and enhanced immune evasion capabilities. During the rise of JN.1, evidence of resistance to various monoclonal antibodies and reduced cross‐neutralization effects of the XBB.1.5 vaccine have been observed. Although the public health threat posed by the JN.1 variant appears relatively low, concerns persist regarding its evolutionary trajectory under immune pressure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving JN.1 variant, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and investigation of new variants that could lead to widespread infection. It assesses the efficacy of current vaccines and therapeutics against emerging variants, particularly focusing on immunocompromised populations. Additionally, this review summarizes potential vaccine advancements and clinical treatments for COVID‐19, offering insights to optimize prevention and treatment strategies. This review thoroughly evaluates the JN.1 variant's impact on public health and its implications for future vaccine and therapeutic development, contributing to ongoing efforts to mitigate the risk of virus transmission and disease severity.
Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire: Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Greek version
Authors: Bilika Paraskevi , Aivatzidis Ioannis , Kaloudis Konstantinos , Gkotzamanis Rafail , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Kapreli Eleni
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) was developed to assess general pain sensitivity.

Objective

This study aimed to validate the Greek version of PSQ.

Methods

The questionnaire was translated into Greek (PSQ‐GR) and piloted in a small sample of patients with chronic pain (n = 35). A total of 146 chronic pain patients and healthy volunteers completed the PSQ‐GR, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). To evaluate the test‐retest reliability, 36 volunteers completed the PSQ‐GR twice over 7 ± 2 days.

Results

Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha 0.90–0.96) for PSQ‐total, PSQ‐minor, and PSQ‐moderate. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was estimated at 0.90–0.96 for PSQ‐total, PSQ‐minor and PSQ‐moderate and the SEM was 0.59–0.90 for PSQ‐total, PSQ‐minor and PSQ‐moderate approximately. The smallest detectable change was 0.48 for PSQ‐total, 0.47 for PSQ‐minor and 0.44 for PSQ‐moderate. Positive and significant correlations were observed between PSQ‐GR and HADS (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), PCS (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) and CSI (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences in PSQ‐GR scores were identified between the healthy volunteers and the chronic pain patients.

Conclusion

The PSQ‐GR is a reliable and valid tool that can assess pain sensitivity in healthy individuals and chronic musculoskeletal pain patients.
Population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound valemetostat and platelet dynamics in healthy volunteers and patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Fukae Masato , Baron Kyle , Tachibana Masaya , Mondick John , Shimizu Takako
Published: July 2024

Valemetostat is an EZH2/1 inhibitor that has been approved in Japan for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, based mainly on results from a single‐arm phase II trial. It is currently under investigation worldwide for the treatment of other non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), including peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, and for solid tumors. Semi‐mechanistic population pharmacokinetic modeling of total and unbound valemetostat and an analysis of the platelet time course during treatment with valemetostat were conducted using data from five clinical trials (two in patients with NHL and three in healthy volunteers). Pharmacokinetic data, including 3162 total/1871 unbound valemetostat observations from 102 patients and 72 healthy volunteers, were described by a three‐compartment model with sequential zero‐/first‐order absorption and saturable binding in the central compartment. Alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) was the most influential covariate for total valemetostat exposure, yet had little impact on unbound exposure, meaning no dose adjustment was warranted based on AAG levels. The longitudinal platelet data from 101 patients (2313 observations) were adequately described by a modified Friberg model with two proliferation compartments, which characterized unique spontaneous recovery of platelet counts without dose modifications. A model‐based simulation quantitatively assessed the proposed dose‐adjustment guidance in case of platelet count decreased by comparing the probability of treatment discontinuation due to platelet count decreased with or without the dose adjustment. In summary, the models described observed total and unbound valemetostat concentrations and a unique time course of platelets during treatment, which can justify the clinical dose and provide dose‐adjustment guidance.
Composite sliding mode control for cyber‐physical systems with multi‐source disturbances and false data injection attack
Authors: Yin Xianghui , Zhang Lu , Zong Guangdeng
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the sliding mode control problem for cyber‐physical systems subject to multi‐source disturbances and actuator false data injection attacks simultaneously. Firstly, a series of extended state observers are designed to estimate the unknown multi‐source disturbances. For the actuator false data injection attacks, a sliding mode observer is designed to online estimate the values of attacks. Then, by introducing the disturbance and attack estimations, a dynamic sliding manifold and a composite sliding mode controller are constructed. Under the proposed approach, the unknown disturbances and false data injection attacks can be timely estimated and compensated, which can improve the disturbance rejection ability and guarantee security of the cyber‐physical system. Lyapunov theory is utilized to prove the stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, simulations of both the numerical example and application to a power converter system demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed composite sliding mode control approach.
Secure consensus for positive multi‐agent systems with bumpless transfer control under Denial‐of‐Service attacks
Authors: Wei Miao , Zhang Yijun , Yuan Yang , He Wangli , Mishra Yateendra , Tian Yu‐Chu
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the secure consensus control problem of positive multi‐agent systems under multiple‐mode Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks. A bumpless transfer (BT) control based secure mode strategy is proposed to improve the switching transient performance due to the system being actively switched to secure mode when attack is detected. Considering possible time delays for agents dealing with the issues of DoS attacks, an asynchronous switching model is established between system models and communication topology. With the stability theory of positive systems, sufficient and necessary conditions are established to guarantee the positivity of multi‐agent systems under the secure mode strategy. Because the switching law caused by external attacks is unknown in advance, the BT control is specifically implemented through the controller gain interpolation technique. By multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs) approach, secure consensus is achieved with a trade‐off among controller performance, attack parameters, and switching delays. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
In Situ Visual Observation of Surface Energy‐Controlled Heterogeneous Nucleation of Metal Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Gong , Zhou Gang , Xiang Chao , Miao Xiaohe , Liu Lin , An Xiaoqiang , Lan Huachun , Liu Huijuan
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical growth of metal nanocrystals is pivotal for material synthesis, processing, and resource recovery. Understanding the heterogeneous interface between electrolyte and electrode is crucial for nanocrystal nucleation, but the influence of this interaction is still poorly understood. This study employs advanced in situ measurements to investigate the heterogeneous nucleation of metals on solid surfaces. By observing the copper nanocrystal electrodeposition, an interphase interaction‐induced nucleation mechanism highly dependent on substrate surface energy is uncovered. It shows that a high‐energy (HE) electrode tended to form a polycrystalline structure, while a low‐energy (LE) electrode induced a monocrystalline structure. Raman and electrochemical characterizations confirmed that HE interface enhances the interphase interaction, reducing the nucleation barrier for the sturdy nanostructures. This leads to a 30.92–52.21% reduction in the crystal layer thickness and a 19.18–31.78% increase in the charge transfer capability, promoting the formation of a uniform and compact film. The structural compactness of the early nucleated crystals enhances the deposit stability for long‐duration electrodeposition. This research not only inspires comprehension of physicochemical processes correlated with heterogeneous nucleation, but also paves a new avenue for high‐quality synthesis and efficient recovery of metallic nanomaterials.
Nanoparticle Targeting Strategies for Lipid and Polymer‐Based Gene Delivery to Immune Cells In Vivo
Authors: Jain Manav , Yu Xinjie , Schneck Jonathan P. , Green Jordan J.
Published: July 2024

Lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles are promising biomaterial platforms for robust intracellular DNA and mRNA delivery, highlighted by the widespread use of nanoparticle‐ (NP) based mRNA vaccines to help end the COVID‐19 pandemic. Recent research has sought to adapt this nanotechnology to transfect and engineer immune cells in vivo. The immune system is an especially appealing target due to its involvement in many different diseases, and ex vivo‐engineered immune cell therapies like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy have already demonstrated remarkable clinical success in certain blood cancers. Although gene delivery can potentially address some of the cost and manufacturing concerns associated with current autologous immune cell therapies, transfecting immune cells in vivo is challenging. Not only is extrahepatic NP delivery to lymphoid organs difficult, but immune cells like T cells have demonstrated particular resistance to transfection. Despite these challenges, the modular nature of NPs allows researchers to examine critical structure–function relationships between a particle's properties and its ability to specifically engineer immune cells in vivo. Herein, several nanomaterial components are outlined, including targeting ligands, nucleic acid cargo, chemical properties, physical properties, and the route of administration to specifically target NPs to immune cells for optimal in vivo transfection.
Is SwissCovid a Responsible Innovation for a Grand Societal Challenge? The Case for Better Deliberative Capacities in Innovation Governance
Authors: Scherer Andreas Georg , Voegtlin Christian , Entenza Dana
Published: July 2024

Addressing Grand Societal Challenges (GSC) requires that public, private, and non-profit actors join forces for analyzing problems and developing innovative solutions in multi-actor, multi-level collaborations. Responsible Innovation (RI) is a framework that aims to develop innovations that (1) do not harm and (2) do good to people and planet through (3) structures and processes of responsible governance. Responsible governance helps in facilitating avoiding harm and doing good innovations and managing the tensions that are likely to emerge from participants’ diverse rationales, heterogeneous worldviews, and conflicting objectives. While deliberation has been suggested as a core element in innovation governance and has been regarded as a panacea to help balance these tensions, it appears fair to say that it only does so when it meets certain qualifications. In this chapter, we therefore build on the literature of deliberative democracy and argue that addressing tensions that arise in innovation governance requires that deliberation isauthentic, inclusive,andconsequential. As an illustration, we apply these criteria to assess the development of the SwissCovid contact tracing app, an innovation which aimed at containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further building on this case, we identify that the behavior of participants in the innovation process as well as the complexity and urgency of the issue it aims to address can challenge the quality of deliberation and through this the responsible character of the innovation. Finally, we suggest the establishment and enforcement of robust institutional safeguards and principles to enhance the quality of deliberative capacities in innovation governance. This chapter contributes to the literature by addressing the issue of deliberation quality in innovation governance.
Participation in Participatory Governance: Cooperatives in a Swiss Context
Authors: Bolli Monique
Published: July 2024

Swiss cooperatives are currently in focus: while a number of legal framework amendments are on the way, still little research is done on this form of corporate governance. In the current urgency of addressing grand challenges, cooperatives have regained importance in the economic and societal landscapes. Comprehensive data-driven studies would support legislative modernization. Participatory governance is a conspicuous characteristic of cooperatives. The type and levels of participation are idiosyncratic to a given cooperative and hence exist in various forms. Our anthropological interview-based research yields three tensions. First, participation does not imply inclusion; second, cooperatives can be perceived as outdated, yet they evolve and experiment with forms; third, both idealist and pragmatic approaches are required to sustain the business and address any mission drift. The above enhances the comprehension of the cooperative form, challenging the perceived outdatedness of this hybrid-missioned entrepreneurship.
Attentiveness and mental health in adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis without ADHD
Authors: Paller Amy S. , Gonzalez Mercedes E. , Barnum Sarah , Jaeger Judith , Shao Liyang , Ozturk Zafer E. , Korotzer Andrew
Published: July 2024

Patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) experience intense chronic itch and impaired sleep. Reports from parents and teachers suggest that AD patients may also have attention problems. However, attention has not yet been directly assessed in AD patients. We utilized an objective, computer-based continuous performance test (CPT) validated for use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis to formally evaluate attention in adolescent AD subjects. This was a single-visit, cross-sectional, non-interventional study of moderate-to-severe (Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA] ≥ 3) AD subjects aged 12–17 years without clinician-diagnosed ADHD. Attention was evaluated using two performance-based measures: Conners, CPT-3 and the Stroop Color and Word Test. The primary parameter was CPT-3 detectability (d’) measure. Lesional severity measures included Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and body surface area (BSA) involvement. Subjects completed self-report rating scales assessing sensory responsiveness patterns (Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile [AASP]), itch (Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [PP-NRS]), skin pain, quality of life, sleep, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. A total of 44 subjects were included in the study (61.4% female; mean age 15.0 [SD 1.78] years; mean EASI 20.4 [SD 7.8]; mean PP-NRS 7.0 [SD 1.8]). Results indicated substantial disease impact on sleep, quality of life, and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. The mean (SD) Conners, CPT-3 dʹ T-score was 48.7 (SD 10.7), similar to the expected mean from a randomly selected age/gender-matched sample of the general population (50 [SD 10], by definition). Overall, 13.6% of subjects exhibited a dʹ T-score ≥ 60 (clinically significant poor performance), which was not greater than the expected general population value (15.9%). Subject-level data review by two psychologists determined that only 2 subjects demonstrated an overall response pattern that clearly indicated attention deficit. Many subjects had atypical sensory responsiveness profiles: sensory hypersensitivity (38.6%), sensory avoidance (50%), and low registration (hypo-sensitivity, 36.4%). Adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD without existing ADHD diagnosis did not demonstrate greater attention problems on performance-based measures than would be expected in age/gender-matched peers.

Trial registration NCT05203380.
The influence of reward and loss outcomes after free- and forced-tasks on voluntary task choice
Authors: Mittelstädt Victor , Mackenzie Ian G. , Leuthold Hartmut
Published: July 2024

In four experiments, we investigated the impact of outcomes and processing mode (free versus forced) on subsequent voluntary task-switching behavior. Participants freely chose between two tasks or were forced to perform one, and the feedback they received randomly varied after correct performance (reward or no-reward; loss or no-loss). In general, we reasoned that the most recently applied task goal is usually the most valued one, leading people to prefer task repetitions over switches. However, the task values might be additionally biased by previous outcomes and the previous processing mode. Indeed, negatively reinforcing tasks with no-reward or losses generally resulted in more subsequent switches. Additionally, participants demonstrated a stronger attachment to free- compared to forced-tasks, as indicated by more switches when the previous task was forced, suggesting that people generally value free over forced-choice task goals. Moreover, the reward manipulation had a greater influence on switching behavior following free- compared to forced-tasks in Exp. 1 and Exp. 3, suggesting a stronger emphasis on evaluating rewarding outcomes associated with free-task choices. However, this inflationary effect on task choice seemed to be limited to reward and situations where task choice and performance more strongly overlap. Specifically, there was no evidence that switching behavior was differentially influenced after free-and forced-task as a function of losses (Exp. 2) or reward when task choice and task performance were separated (Exp. 4). Overall, the results provide new insights into how the valuation of task goals based on choice freedom and outcome feedback can influence voluntary task choices.
Presenting the Sierpinski Gasket in Various Categories of Metric Spaces
Authors: Ratnayake Jayampathy , Manokaran Annanthakrishna , Jayewardene Romaine , Noquez Victoria , Moss Lawrence S.
Published: July 2024

This paper studies presentations of the Sierpinski gasket as a final coalgebra for a functor on three categories of metric spaces with additional designated points. The three categories which we study differ on their morphisms: one uses short (non-expanding) maps, the second uses continuous maps, and the third uses Lipschitz maps. The functor in all cases is very similar to what we find in the standard presentation of the gasket as an attractor. It was previously known that the Sierpinski gasket is bilipschitz equivalent (though not isomorhpic) to the final coalgebra of this functor in the category with short maps, and that final coalgebra is obtained by taking the completion of the initial algebra. In this paper, we prove that the Sierpiniski gasket itself is the final coalgebra in the category with continuous maps, though it does not occur as the completion of the initial algebra. In the Lipschitz setting, we show that the final coalgebra for this functor does not exist.
3D Industrial anomaly detection via dual reconstruction network
Authors: Li Zhuo , Ge Yifei , Wang Xin , Meng Lin
Published: July 2024

Currently, 2D anomaly detection has demonstrated outstanding performance. However, 2D images limit the improvement of anomaly detection accuracy without utilizing depth information. Therefore, this paper proposes a Dual Reconstruction viAInpainting Network for 3D industrial anomaly detection (DRAIN). Firstly, we design a 3D reconstruction network using an encoder-decoder-based U-shaped network for processing RGB images and depth images. Subsequently, accurate anomaly segmentation is implemented through a 3D segmentation network. We introduce a lightweight MLP module to enhance segmentation performance to capture long-range dependencies in the reconstructed images. Furthermore, we propose a dual attention-based information entropy fusion module to expedite feature fusion in the inference process, aiming for enhanced deployment in the industry. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DRAIN achieves a 94.3% AUROC on the 3D anomaly detection dataset MVTec 3D-AD, surpassing other research methods.

Graphical abstract

Overall architecture for 3D industrial anomaly detection via dual reconstruction network
Development and use of semi-empirical spectral ground motion models for GPP-induced micro-earthquakes in Southern Germany
Authors: Taddei Francesca , Keil Sabrina , Khansefid Ali , Kumawat Aditi , Schneider Felix , Wassermann Johachim , Müller Gerhard
Published: July 2024

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of ground motions associated with micro-earthquakes induced by geothermal power plants (GPP) in Southern Germany and proposes corresponding ground motion prediction equations (GMPE). Initiating with a statistical analysis of recorded seismic data from the GPP in Insheim, the study is extended to the greater Munich area. For the latter, the scarce recorded data are merged with physics-based simulation data. The recorded data in Insheim, Poing, Unterhaching and the simulated data in Munich are compared to existing GMPEs for GPP-induced events, highlighting the need of new region-specific prediction equations. The proposed GMPEs are expressed in terms of peak quantities, spectral accelerations and velocities, separating the horizontal and vertical direction. The regression curves exhibit a good alignment with both recorded and simulated data, within an acceptable range. Notably, the results reveal higher spectral quantities at shorter periods ($$<0.1$$

<
0.1

s), underscoring the importance of this characteristic in seismic assessment. The article shows an exemplary application for a low-rise residential building, located at a hypocentral distance of 3 km. While the building meets serviceability standards for an $$M_W$$

M
W

up to 2.5, the verification fails at $$M_W=3$$

M
W

=
3

, emphasizing the need for robust risk assessment. These findings contribute to the understanding of ground motions of GPP-induced events, offering practical implications for serviceability verifications and aiding informed decision-making in geothermal energy projects.

Graphical abstract
A Bivariate Twin Study of Lifetime cannabis Initiation and Lifetime Regular Tobacco Smoking Across Three Different Countries
Authors: Zellers Stephanie , van Dongen Jenny , Maes Hermine H.M. , Ollikainen Miina , Fang Fang , Vrieze Scott , Kaprio Jaakko , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: July 2024

Regular cigarette smoking and cannabis consumption are strongly positively related to each other, yet few studies explore their underlying variation and covariation. We evaluated the genetic and environmental decomposition of variance and covariance of these two traits in twin data from three countries with different social norms and legislation. Data from the Netherlands Twin Register, FinnTwin12/16, and the Minnesota Center for Twin Family Research (total N = 21,617) were analyzed in bivariate threshold models of lifetime regular smoking initiation (RSI) and lifetime cannabis initiation (CI). We ran unstratified models and models stratified by sex and country. Prevalence of RSI was lowest in the Netherlands and prevalence of CI was highest in Minnesota. In the unstratified model, genetic (A) and common environmental factors (C) contributed substantially to the liabilities of RSI (A = 0.47, C = 0.34) and CI (A = 0.28, C = 0.51). The two liabilities were significantly phenotypically (rP = 0.56), genetically (rA = 0.74), and environmentally correlated in the unstratified model (rC = 0.47and rE = 0.48, representing correlations between common and unique environmental factors). The magnitude of phenotypic correlation between liabilities varied by country but not sex (Minnesota rP ~ 0.70, Netherlands rP ~ 0.59, Finland rP ~ 0.45). Comparisons of decomposed correlations could not be reliably tested in the stratified models. The prevalence and association of RSI and CI vary by sex and country. These two behaviors are correlated because there is genetic and environmental overlap between their underlying latent liabilities. There is heterogeneity in the genetic architecture of these traits across country.
Using joint species distribution modelling to predict distributions of seafloor taxa and identify vulnerable marine ecosystems in New Zealand waters
Authors: Stephenson Fabrice , Bowden David A. , Rowden Ashley A. , Anderson Owen F. , Clark Malcolm R. , Bennion Matthew , Finucci Brittany , Pinkerton Matt H. , Goode Savannah , Chin Caroline , Davey Niki , Hart Alan , Stewart Rob
Published: July 2024

Effective ecosystem-based management of bottom-contacting fisheries requires understanding of how disturbances from fishing affect seafloor fauna over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Spatial predictions of abundance for 67 taxa were developed, using an extensive dataset of faunal abundances collected using a towed camera system and spatially explicit predictor variables including bottom-trawl fishing effort, using a Joint Species Distribution Model (JSDM). The model fit metrics varied by taxon: the mean tenfold cross-validated AUC score was 0.70 ± 0.1 (standard deviation) for presence–absence and an R2 of 0.11 ± 0.1 (standard deviation) for abundance models. Spatial predictions of probability of occurrence and abundance (individuals per km2) varied by taxon, but there were key areas of overlap, with highest predicted taxon richness in areas of the continental shelf break and slope. The resulting joint predictions represent significant advances on previous predictions because they are of abundance, allow the exploration of co-occurrence patterns and provide credible estimates of taxon richness (including for rare species that are often not included in more commonly used single-species distribution modelling). Habitat-forming taxa considered to be Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) indicators (those taxa that are physically or functionally fragile to anthropogenic impacts) were identified in the dataset. Spatial estimates of likely VME distribution (as well as associated estimates of uncertainty) were predicted for the study area. Identifying areas most likely to represent a VME (rather than simply VME indicator taxa) provides much needed quantitative estimates of vulnerable habitats, and facilitates an evidence-based approach to managing potential impacts of bottom-trawling.