bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education of Aesthetic Abilities of Primary School Students in the Process of Art Education
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Jun Li Xiao
Published: December 2023

In the XXI century, more and more teachers are turning their attention to the possibilities of creative develop-ment of children, which are provided by visual activities. This educational aspect is especially important for primary school students, since during the designated period the child is at the stage of intellectual and physio-logical development that allows him to fully immerse himself in the world of art and express himself in it. Crea-tive activity contributes to improving the effectiveness of the educational process in primary school through the development of fine motor skills of the child, his imagination, spatial thinking. In addition, an art lesson is an important way of aesthetic education in elementary school. At the same time, it is important for the teacher to transform the pupil from an outside observer into an active participant of the creative process. The article identi-fies some practical problems that a teacher faces in the process of educating aesthetic abilities in the condi-tions of the modern educational situation. It is noted that their solution has a pronounced relevance for the prac-tice of art education. Strategies for educating the aesthetic abilities of primary school students based on tradi-tional and innovative concepts of art teaching are proposed.
Deporte, inclusión y diversidad LGTBI (Reseña bibliográfica)
Authors: Piedra Joaquin
Published: December 2023

A través de este texto se hace una descripción de la recientemente publicada guía ‘Deporte, Inclusión y Diversidad LGTBI’ elaborada por el Grupo de investigación 'Actividad física, educación y sociedad' (AFES) de la Universitat de València. La guía, publicada en 2023 por Conselleria de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de la Generalitat Valenciana, supone un paso más en el camino hacia un deporte más abierto y respetuoso con la diversidad. Esta guía ofrece una amplia gama de datos, ideas, propuestas, ejemplos y herramientas para que los equipos técnicos y las organizaciones deportivas puedan apostar con más facilidad por un cambio en sus políticas y en sus actitudes. Este documento complementa a otras guías (la mayoría internacionales) que están disponibles para quienes estén interesados en incluir la diversidad en el deporte.
Thermal degradation of 3D printing processed polylactide samples by means of vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Siafarika P. , Mouzakis D.E. , Nasikas N.K. , Kalampounias A.G.
Published: December 2023

In the present study, we utilized the fused deposition modeling technique (FDM) to prepare polylactide (PLA) samples and evaluate in real time their thermal degradation by means of vibrational spectroscopy. The FDM method is probably the most popular technology among 3D printing technologies due to the inexpensive and flexible extrusion systems used for the handling of several thermoplastic materials. Nevertheless, a thermal degradation phenomenon of the 3D-printed thermoplastic PLA samples occurs, which is an inevitable issue for long-term reliability of the material leading to poor product properties. We recorded the Fourier transform infrared spectra in real-time mode to monitor the thermal degradation kinetics of PLA samples at a specific temperature below the glass transition point and explore the induced structural alterations. The absorbance of specific spectral features was used to evaluate the concentration reduction of PLA functional groups during the thermal degradation process. The kinetics of the thermal degradation was estimated by means of the absorbance of the C-COO band which reflects the scission of the ester linkage due to degradation process. The kinetic rate constant was found Kt = 2.30 × 10−3 s−1. The results reported in this work were analyzed and discussed in view of relevant data reported for PLA samples prepared with traditional mechanical processing.
Are we ready for the predicted high tourist influx? The case of management effectiveness of Sheikh Badin National Park, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Ullah Asad , Rahmat Al Fauzi , Dávid Lóránt Dénes
Published: December 2023

The major objective of this research paper is to assess the management effectiveness of Sheikh Badin National Park District Dera Ismail Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with respect to tourist’s satisfaction. A sample size of 389 respondents (local community, wildlife staff, tourists) were selected through simple random sampling to conclude respondents’ attitude towards phenomenon investigated through three-level Likert scale as a measurement tool. Association between a dependent variable (management effectiveness) was assessed on the independent variables (tourist satisfaction) through a chi-square test. Association of management effectiveness was highly significant with tourists satisfaction from promos of park (p = 0.000), access to information (p = 0.000), roads network (p = 0.000), residential facilities (p = 0.000), trained guides (p = 0.000), safety from crimes and criminals (p = 0.000), provision of health and security services (p = 0.000), overall satisfaction of tourists (p = 0.000), recommendation of SBNP to other tourists (p = 0.000) and revisit intentions of tourists (p = 0.000). Improvement in security measures, better advertisement and improvement in park infrastructure were major recommendations considering the study.
Assessing the impact of social media interaction in s-commerce strategies mediated by relationship quality
Authors: Hariguna Taqwa , Ruangkanjanases Athapol
Published: December 2023

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital marketing, the influence of social media on consumer behavior has become a focal point of scholarly inquiry. This study delves into the intricate dynamics between social media interaction and the quality of relationships in the context of s-commerce, examining how these interactions impact customer loyalty and purchase intentions. It is imperative to note that while the study does explore the mediating role, it is not the primary focus. The core objective revolves around understanding the nuanced relationships between social media interaction and relationship quality. This clarification ensures a precise delineation of the research scope and objectives. Furthermore, it is worth emphasizing that while the study delves into customer loyalty, this aspect is not explicitly reflected in the title. However, the examination of loyalty remains an integral component of the research, providing a holistic view of customer behavior in the digital marketplace. By addressing the interplay between social media engagement and relationship quality, this study aims to provide valuable insights for businesses navigating the complexities of s-commerce. Through this research, we seek to illuminate the pivotal role of social media interactions in shaping customer-company relationships, thus offering actionable insights for practitioners and enriching the academic discourse in the field of digital marketing.
Efficacy of intramammary treatment in unbred and primigravid dairy heifers
Authors: Trinidad P. , Nickerson S. C. , Alley T. K. , Adkinson R. W.
Published: December 2023

A total of 73 breeding-age and primigravid Jersey heifers in 4 herds was randomly allotted to treatment and control groups according to expected calving date. Thirty-five heifers were injected intramammarily with a nonlactating cow product containing penicillin/streptomycin. Thirty-eight heifers served as untreated controls. Of the 35 treated heifers, 34 (97.1%) were infected at time of treatment. In the untreated control group, all 38 heifers (100%) were infected at treatment time. At parturition, prevalence of intramammary infection in treated heifers decreased to 40%, whereas in the control group, prevalence remained about the same (97.4% of heifers). Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in treated heifers was reduced from 17.1% to 2.9% after treatment. In the control group, prevalence of S aureus mastitis decreased from 26.3% to l5.8%. Heifers treated during the second trimester of pregnancy had the greatest reduction in prevalence of mastitis and in somatic cell count at parturition, compared with controls. Findings indicated that intramammary treatment during pregnancy in primigravid heifers was effective in reducing prevalence of mastitis and somatic cell counts at parturition.
Prekallikrein deficiency in a family of Belgian horses
Authors: Geor Raymond J. , Jackson Marion L. , Lewis Kim D. , Fretz Peter B.
Published: December 2023

A 7-year-old Belgian stallion hemorrhaged excessively after castration; the hemostatic mechanism was investigated. The horse had normal one-stage prothrombin time and markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt). Results of intrinsic coagulation factor assays were all normal with the exception of prekallikrein activity, which was markedly reduced (< 1% activity; value for control population, 63 to 150%). Two of this horse's full siblings, a brother and sister, had markedly prolonged aptt and low prekallikrein values (2.5% and < 1%, respectively). The addition of plasma from a normal equine plasma pool corrected the prolonged aptt in the 3 Belgian siblings with low prekallikrein activity. Prekallikrein activity in 10 other closely related Belgian horses ranged between 12.5 and 64% (mean, 29.3%), compared with 63 to 150% (mean, 91%) in 10 mixed-breed horses. In the 3 Belgian siblings with low prekallikrein activity, the aptt approached normal after prolonged incubation (15 minutes) with the contact activator and in response to addition of an ellagic acid activator. The 3 Belgian siblings with low prekallikrein activity may be homozygous for prekallikrein deficiency, whereas the other close relatives may be heterozygous for the genetic defect.
Serosurvey of horses with evidence of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Authors: Rikihisa Yasuko , Reed Stephen M. , Sams Richard A. , Gordon John C. , Pretzman Charles I.
Published: December 2023

In August 1986, an extensive serosurvey for prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (eme), was performed at 2 Ohio racetracks, River Downs (rd) and Beulah Park (bp). Of 840 horses at rd and 574 at bp, 13 and 20%, respectively, were IgG antibody-positive (by indirect fluorescent antibody test results), with antibody titer ranging from 1:20 to 1:10,240. The titer observed at highest frequency at both racetracks was 1:80. A higher proportion of horses was ill at rd (operating during the summer months) than at bp (winter track). Of ill horses, 41% (24/58) at rd and 58% (11/19) at bp were seropositive. At rd, 70% (589/840) of all horses and 95% (102/107) of IgG seropositive horses had been stabled only at rd during the month prior to testing.

Analysis of these sera by use of an elisa to detect IgM antibody against E risticii antigen indicated that at rd, 42% (57/137) of the seropositive horses were IgM seropositive. At bp, 17% (20/120) of seropositive horses were IgM seropositive. The larger number of IgM seropositive horses at rd indicates that more horses were recently infected at rd than at bp (P = 0.0001). Therefore, at least half the seropositive horses at rd seemed to have acquired the infection at rd. These serosurvey data also indicate that at bp and rd, 78% (85/109) and 91% (111/122) of IgG seropositive horses, respectively, had subclinical infection. At ≤ 1:40 titer, there was no difference in seropositive rates between healthy and ill horses. However, the higher the titer, the greater the difference in seropositive rates between healthy and ill horses. Thus, the higher the titer, the more reliable the serodiagnosis of eme seems to be. In contrast, sera submitted from 285 horses in Ohio for serologic testing for E risticii had a higher (63%) positivity rate than sera from horses of the racetrack serosurvey. Of 120 horses with clinical signs compatible with eme, 69% were seropositive. Typical clinical signs of eme in seropositive horses were those of enteric disease (72%; 60/83), with laminitis being a secondary sign (12%; 10/83). Results indicate that seroprevalence is much greater than prevalence of clinical disease. Combination of IgG and IgM testing with horse movement history should help to identify the location of actual infection.
Enhancing wellness in animals and people
Authors: Ostrich Sherbyn
Published: December 2023

“Animal welfare, how we choose to interact with and care for those living creatures we share our planet with, has become one of the great social issues of the 20th century. The AVMA Animal Welfare Week, November 5 to 9, 1990 was conceived by the Steering Committee as a way of highlighting the many ways in which veterinarians are involved in animal welfare activities on a daily basis. We all know that the veterinary medical profession is dedicated to promoting the best care and treatment of animals, wherever they are found, but this is a never ending challenge as we see our environment and priorities changing rapidly.”
Antibody response of kittens after vaccination followed by exposure to feline leukemia virus-infected cats
Authors: Hawks Darren M. , Legendre Alfred M. , Rohrbach Barton W. , Sebring Randal , Chavez Lloyd , Chu Hsien-Jue , Acree William M.
Published: December 2023

Protein (western) blot analysis and virus-neutralization assay were used to evaluate the antibody response of specific-pathogen-free kittens to FeLV vaccination and followed by natural exposure. Several kittens had barely detectable reactions to specific FeLV antigens prior to vaccination or exposure. Correlation was not found between protection against persistent viremia and antibody response after vaccination as measured by western blot analysis or virus neutralization assay. A statistically significant (P < 0.01) difference in the antibody response against p27 antigen after natural exposure to FeLV was observed between persistently viremic kittens and transiently viremic or aviremic kittens. Measurable (P < 0.05) virus neutralizing antibody titer after FeLV exposure was found only in a small number of kittens that were protected against persistent viremia. Lack of association between humoral response and vaccination-induced protection against persistent FeLV infection suggests an important role for cell-mediated immunity in such protection.
Profile of selected bacterial counts and Salmonella prevalence on raw poultry in a poultry slaughter establishment
Authors: James William O. , Williams W. Oliver , Prucha John C. , Johnston Ralph , Christensen Walter
Published: December 2023

The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service determined populations of bacteria on poultry during processing at a slaughter plant in Puerto Rico in November and December 1987. The plant was selected because of its management's willingness to support important changes in equipment and processing procedures. The plant was representative of modern slaughter facilities. Eight-hundred samples were collected over 20 consecutive 8-hour days of operation from 5 sites in the processing plant. Results indicated that slaughter, dressing, and chilling practices significantly decreased the bacterial contamination on poultry carcasses, as determined by counts of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli. Salmonella was not enumerated; rather, it was determined to be present or absent by culturing almost the entire rinse. The prevalence of Salmonella in the study decreased during evisceration, then increased during immersion chilling.
Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of infection with pseudorabies virus on a herd basis
Authors: Duffy Sergio J. , Morrison Robert B. , Goyal Sagar M.
Published: December 2023

The use of an elisa that can differentiate between swine infected with pseudorabies virus (prv) and swine vaccinated with a specific prv vaccine was evaluated on an individual and herd basis, and a system for interpreting elisa results on a herd basis was developed. In 17 herds, recently introduced replacement gilts, seronegative for prv, were vaccinated with a thymidine kinase- and glycoprotein X (gpX)-deleted vaccine. After vaccination, blood samples were collected from these gilts approximately every 1 to 2 months for up to 19 months. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to gpX antigen, using a commercially available elisa kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. Herd status was determined as positive, suspect, or negative, according to the serum sample:negative control (s:n) values of the samples collected from the herd. From the 17 herds, 130 evaluations were performed. On 49 (38%) of the 130 herd evaluations, 1 or more gilts had suspect test results. Additional testing was required in 19 (39%) of these 49 herd evaluations to determine the prv infection status of the herd. Status of herds having gilts with suspect results and no positive results was usually negative after retesting. Herds having gilts with positive results were unlikely to have negative status after retesting.
Evaluation of an allergy screening test for use in atopic dogs
Authors: Miller William H. , Scott Danny W. , Scarlett Janet M.
Published: December 2023

An in-office allergy screening kit was evaluated for its repeatability, sensitivity, and specificity in 21 atopic dogs. Results of this testing were compared with results of a full regionalized allergy test offered by the same manufacturer. Results of the screening kit were repeatable and had high specificity but poor sensitivity. The kit as presently marketed is of questionable value as a diagnostic aid for use in dogs with atopy.
Follow-up study of owner attitudes toward home care of paraplegic dogs
Authors: Bauer Michael , Glickman Nita , Glickman Larry , Toombs James , Golden Scott , Skowronek Cindy
Published: December 2023

A questionnaire was mailed to 30 owners of paraplegic dogs who had been caring for their dogs at home for 3 to 72 months. It was designed to collect information on demographic variables, duration of ownership and paralysis, age of the pet, pet/owner relationship, owner expectations and perceptions of the pet's quality of life, problems the pet experienced, effect that maintaining a paralyzed pet had on the owners' quality of life, and whether use of a cart was beneficial.

Significant correlation was found between prior expectations that the pet would lead a high-quality life and perception that the pet, in fact, had a high quality of life during paralysis (r2 = 0.61, P = 0.01). Owners who had anticipated that extra work would be necessary to care for their paraplegic dog had a more positive attitude toward home care (r2 = 0.55, P = 0.03).

Overall, owners involved in the study were satisfied with all aspects of maintaining paraplegic dogs at home. Our findings support the feasibility of dedicated owners successfully maintaining small (average body weight, 9 kg) paraplegic dogs at home for extended periods.
Fistulous withers in horses: 24 cases (1984-1990)
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Carter G. Kent , McMullan William C.
Published: December 2023

Between Jan 1, 1984 and Aug 1, 1990, 27 horses were admitted to the veterinary medical center for evaluation of fistulous withers. Nine (37.5%) of 24 horses tested for antibody to Brucella abortus were seropositive. Horses that tested seropositive were significantly (P = 0.046) more likely to have been pastured with cattle that were seropositive for B abortus, and were significantly (P = 0.010) more likely to have had radiographic evidence of vertebral osteomyelitis than were horses that tested seronegative. Five horses that were seropositive for B abortus were administered strain 19 brucella vaccine sc (n = 1) or iv (n = 4). The horse treated by sc injection of vaccine improved during hospitalization, but was lost to follow-up evaluation. Three (75%) of 4 horses treated by iv injection died, but 1 horse recovered within 4 weeks of treatment.
Use of etretinate for treatment of primary keratinization disorders (idiopathic seborrhea) in Cocker Spaniels, West Highland White Terriers, and Basset Hounds
Authors: Power Helen T. , Ihrke Peter J. , Stannard Anthony A. , Backus Kathleen Q.
Published: December 2023

An open clinical trial was used to evaluate the synthetic retinoid, etretinate, for treatment of idiopathic seborrhea in Cocker Spaniels, West Highland White Terriers, and Basset Hounds. Clinical and histologic improvement was seen in the Cocker Spaniels. Etretinate had no beneficial effect on the skin disease of the West Highland White Terriers or the Basset Hounds. Etretinate treatment did not alter the type or degree of otitis externa. Clinical side effects were minimal. Relevant laboratory abnormalities were not detected.
Coccidioidomycosis in llamas in the United States: 19 cases (1981-1989)
Authors: Fowler Murray E. , Pappagianis Demosthenes , Ingram Irvin
Published: December 2023

Coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed in 19 llamas (California, 9; Arizona, 10). All but 1 had a disseminated form, with pyogranulomas principally in the lungs, thoracic lymph nodes, liver, and kidneys. However, lesions were found in tissue specimens from most organ systems. Antemortem diagnosis was based on radiographic evaluation of the lungs, serologic testing, or presence of spherules of Coccidioides immitis in pyogranuloma aspirates, skin scrapings, or biopsy specimens.

Animals residing in endemic areas of southwestern United States are at risk, and llamas appear to be highly susceptible to developing disseminated forms of coccidioidomycosis.
Yohimbine/flumazenil antagonism of hemodynamic alterations induced by a combination of midazolam, xylazine, and butorphanol in dogs
Authors: Gross M. E. , Tranquilli W. J. , Thurmon J. C. , Benson G. J. , Olson W. A.
Published: December 2023

Reversal of hemodynamic alterations induced by midazolam maleate (1.0 mg/kg of body weight), xylazine hydrochloride (0.44 mg/kg), and butorphanol tartrate (0.1 mg/kg) with yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg) and flumazenil (0.25 mg/kg) was evaluated in 5 dogs. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane for instrumentation. With return to consciousness, baseline values were recorded, and the midazolam/xylazine/butorphanol mixture with glycopyrrolate was administered IV. Hemodynamic data were recorded for 60 minutes, and then a reversal mixture of yohimbine and flumazenil was administered IV. All variables were measured 1 minute from beginning of the reversal injection. Mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and right ventricular stroke work index increased significantly (P < 0.05) above baseline at 60 minutes. Cardiac index and central venous pressure significantly decreased below baseline at 60 minutes. After reversal, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure significantly decreased from baseline, whereas cardiac index, pulmonary arterial pressure, and right ventricular stroke work index increased significantly above baseline. Heart rate, cardiac index, and right ventricular stroke work index increased significantly above the 60-minute value after reversal. Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly (P < 0.05) below the 60-minute value after reversal. The hemodynamic alterations accompanying midazolam/xylazine/butorphanol sedation-anesthesia may be rapidly reversed with a combination of yohimbine and flumazenil.
Impact of expenditures for veterinary services and medical supplies on dairy farm productivity and profitability
Authors: Miller G. Y. , McSweeny W. T.
Published: December 2023

The value of the marginal product (vmp) for veterinary services and medical supplies (vetmed), and the profit maximizing level of vetmed were estimated for dairy producers. Data from the Pennsylvania Farmers Association-Dairy Farm Business Analysis system during the years of 1986 to 1990 were used to evaluate the functional relationship between production and expenditures for vetmed. Other input variables examined were man-year equivalents of labor, asset values, value of feed fed, and culling rate. Data were screened to reflect economically viable dairy farms in Pennsylvania, and 173 such farms participated for each of the 5 years analyzed. The vmp was estimated for 1990. Profit maximizing levels for vetmed were estimated for 1990 holding other input variables at their mean values.

Mean expenditures for vetmed were $2,606/farm, or $43/cow in 1990. The vmp for vetmed was estimated to be $3.22 or $4.98, depending on the method of calculation. In other words, the marginal dollar spent on vetmed generated $3.22 ($4.98) in additional revenue from milk production. The profit maximizing level of expenditures for vetmed was $138/cow, substantially more than the mean, indicating the potential for farms in this data set to improve profitability through additional expenditures on vetmed.
Congenital abnormalities in immature dogs from a pet store: 253 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Ruble Randall P. , Hird David W.
Published: December 2023

In a pet store, 6- to 18-week-old dogs were examined for congenital abnormalities. Of those pups offered for sale over a 2-year period (1987 and 1988), 15% (253/1,679) had at least 1 congenital defect, and 1.5% (26/1,679) had multiple congenital abnormalities. Defects observed and their respective rates were patellar luxation, 7.2% (121/1,679); cardiac abnormalities characterized by murmurs, 0.7% (11/1,679); palpebral abnormalities, 3.0% (50/1,679); inguinal hernia, 1.3% (22/1,679); umbilical hernia, 0.6% (10/1,679); faciodental malformations, 1.3% (21/1,679); and cryptorchidism, 2.6% (44/1,679). Rates of congenital abnormalities in pups from this study were higher than published rates in adult dogs.
Within-herd and between-herd variation in diagnosis of clinical mastitis in cattle
Authors: Lam T. J. G. M. , Schukken Y. H. , Grommers F.J. , Smit J. A. H. , Brand A.
Published: December 2023

In a set of data on farmer-observed clinical mastitis in cattle, all milk samples were scored with regard to milk color and milk texture (presence of flakes and viscosity). During a 1-year period, 1,106 milk samples were collected from 125 farms with a bulk milk somatic cell count < 150,000 cells/ml. The overall variation, the between-herd variation, and the within-herd variation of the scores were evaluated and compared with each other.

Differences between farmers were found for the scores on the visual characteristics per sample. However, these differences were not related to the reported number of cases of clinical mastitis per year. It was concluded that the diagnostic capability of farmers whose herds had low somatic cell counts did not have a negative influence on the validity of farmer-observed clinical mastitis incidence. However, care should be taken in herds with a low frequency of cases.
Immunocytochemical and dye distribution studies of nerves potentially desensitized by injections into the distal interphalangeal joint or the navicular bursa of horses
Authors: Bowker Robert M. , Rockershouser Sara J. , Vex Kelly B. , Sonea Ioana M. , Caron John P. , Kotyk Rebecca
Published: December 2023

To determine whether the distal interphalangeal (dip) joint directly or indirectly communicates with the navicular bursa (bursa podotrochlearis) and to identify sensory nerves in these synovial structures that might be desensitized by intra-articular injections of anesthetics, Evans blue dye in physiologic saline solution, Luxol fast blue dye with mepivicaine, or commercial latex was injected into the dip joint (5 ml) or the navicular bursa (3 ml) of 152 digits obtained from horses or ponies at necropsy. The digits were frozen, cut with a band saw, and examined for distribution of dye or latex.

Of 122 digits that had injections into the dip joint, 120 did not have evidence of a communication between the dip joint and either the navicular bursa or digital flexor tendon sheath. Of 16 digits that had injections into the navicular bursa, 14 did not have evidence of a direct communication with the dip joint.

Injection of dye into the dip joint resulted in diffusion of dye and staining of other structures, including the synovial linings of the collateral sesamoidean ligaments and of the distal sesamoidean impar ligament and the medullary cavity of the navicular bone. In addition, a blue tinge was observed in the navicular bursa after dye was injected into the dip joint, suggesting an indirect, and potentially functional, communication between the dip joint and the navicular bursa. Injection of dye into the navicular bursa resulted in staining only of the bursa's synovial lining.

Immunocytochemical analysis revealed nerves immunoreactive for the peptidergic neurotransmitters substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide located in structures that were stained after dye was injected into the dip joint. Our results suggest that sensory nerves innervating the synovial membranes along the dorsal aspect of the collateral sesamoidean ligaments, sensory nerves of the distal sesamoidean impar ligament, and sensory nerves that directly innervate parts of the navicular bone would, in all likelihood, be desensitized by injections of anesthetics into the dip joint. Therefore, the issue of a communication between the dip joint and the navicular bursa becomes less important during clinical evaluation of syndromes associated with pathologic changes in these 2 synovial cavities (eg, navicular syndrome).
Effect of oxytetracycline on metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles in newborn foals
Authors: Madison John B. , Garber Jenifer L. , Rice Brett , Stumf Annette J. , Zimmer Allison E. , Ott Edgar A.
Published: December 2023

Thirty-five newborn foals were assigned to 1 of 3 groups and treated with 0.9% NaCl solution (saline; group 1; n = 12), oxytetracycline (44 mg/kg of body weight; group 2; n = 12), or 2-pyrrolidone (oxytetracycline vehicle; group 3; n = 11) in saline solution during the first 36 hours after birth. Serum biochemical analyses were performed on samples obtained from group-1 and group-2 foals before treatment and 24 and 96 hours after treatment. Lateral to medial radiographic views of the forelimbs were obtained before treatment and 24 and 96 hours after treatment in all foals. Metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles were measured from the radiographic images. Significant changes in blood chemistry values, other than those typically observed in newborn foals, were not detected. A significant decrease in mean metacarpophalangeal joint angle was observed in foals 24 hours after treatment with oxytetracycline, compared with that in foals of groups 1 and 3. The mean metacarpophalangeal joint angle returned to pretreatment values by 96 hours. Oxytetracycline appears to be an effective method for obtaining a short-term moderate decrease in metacarpophalangeal joint angle in newborn foals.
Source of acquisition as a risk factor for disease and death in pups
Authors: Scarlett Janet M. , Saidla John E. , Pollock Roy V. H.
Published: December 2023

Data were obtained and analyzed for 2,144 pups examined at 65 veterinary hospitals in the northeastern United States to determine whether there were significant differences in the frequency of disease and death among pups acquired from private owners, Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals/ pounds, breeders, or pet stores. All health problems reported by owners and veterinarians in the first 2 weeks of ownership were tabulated.

The prevalence of serious disease among pups (resulting in death, euthanasia, return, or extensive treatment) was < 4% for all sources and did not differ significantly between pet stores and other sources. Pups from pet stores had more respiratory tract disease, but fewer fleas and parasites of the intestinal tract. Data supplied by the veterinarians indicated that the risk of intestinal tract diseases was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher among pups from pet stores and Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals/pounds, compared with those from private owners. The prevalence of reported behavioral and congenital problems did not differ among the 4 sources.
Developing an information resources management strategy for regulatory veterinary medicine: A national imperative
Authors: Miller Lawrence E. , Honeycutt Thomas L. , Cowen Peter , Morrow W. E. Morgan , Hueston William D.
Published: December 2023

Lack of a standardized information technology management strategy has resulted in state and federal information systems evolving separately, rather than in tandem. Absence of an information management strategy will eventually affect regulatory program management, epidemiologic research, and domestic and international livestock trade. Producers will ultimately pay the price for the lack of regulatory coordination of US animal health and disease information. The longer the development of state and federal information technology management strategies is postponed, the more cost-, labor-, and time-intensive correcting the deficiency will be. Development of a national information resources management environment is the first step in constructing state and federal information technology strategies.
Comparison of clinical signs, diagnostic findings, organisms isolated, and clinical outcome in dogs with bacterial pneumonia: 93 cases (1986-1991)
Authors: Jameson Perry H. , King L. A. , Lappin Michael R. , Jones Robert L.
Published: December 2023

Medical records were reviewed for 93 dogs with bacterial pneumonia from which transtracheal aspiration samples were obtained for culturing of Mycoplasma spp and aerobic bacteria. On the basis of culture results, there were 65 Mycoplasma-positive dogs, including 7 dogs for which only Mycoplasma spp were isolated, and 28 Mycoplasma-negative dogs. Most dogs were > 5 years old, and differences in breed or gender distribution among the 3 groups of dogs were not detected. Hematologic and serum biochemical analysis results did not differ significantly between Mycoplasma-positive and Mycoplasma-negative dogs. Fifty-three of 93 (57%) dogs had a concurrent medical problem that may have predisposed them to developing bacterial pneumonia as a sequelae to aspiration or immunosuppression. Mycoplasma-positive dogs were significantly (P < 0.005) more likely to have > 1 species of bacteria isolated from their transtracheal aspiration samples. Clinical outcome was favorable when antimicrobials were selected on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility results for the other bacterial isolates and not on results of the antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma spp. It could not be determined whether Mycoplasma spp were primary pathogens or only opportunists.
Lipid metabolism in horses with hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: van der Kolk J. H. , Wensing Th. , Kalsbeek H. C. , Breukink H. J.
Published: December 2023

Lipid metabolism was studied in 21 horses with hyperadrenocorticism. To be included in the study, horses had to have histologic evidence of a pars intermedia adenoma found at necropsy (n = 9), a baseline ACTH concentration greater than 400 pg/ml (n = 6), or a plasma cortisol concentration 2 hours after iv administration of 25 IU of acth greater than 413 nmol/Lin = 16).

Mean ± sd baseline plasma cortisol concentration was 338 ± 261 nmol/L (n = 20), mean ± sd plasma insulin concentration was 97 ± 54 μU/ml (n = 15), mean ± sd plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was 1.8 ± 1.2 mg/dl (n = 21), and mean ± sd plasma nonesterified fatty acids concentration was 6.2 ± 6.4 mg/dl (n = 21). None of the horses had hyperlipemia.

Compared with clinically normal horses, horses with hyperadrenocorticism had increased lipolysis and increased ketogenesis. It was concluded that cortisol cannot be the sole factor contributing to insulin resistance in horses with hyperadrenocorticism.
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic portal venous anomalies in dogs: 52 cases (1982-1992)
Authors: Bostwick David R. , Twedt David C.
Published: December 2023

Medical records of 52 dogs born with portal venous anomalies (PVA) were reviewed and separated into 2 groups, based on anatomic location of the shunt (intrahepatic vs extrahepatic). Statistical analysis was used to compare the groups with respect to presurgical clinicopathologic data, as well as to compare presurgical clinicopathologic data with postoperative mortality.

Three presurgical predictors of location were identified. Mean body weight at admission was statistically different (P = 0.0001) between dogs with an intrahepatic PVA (mean, 15 kg) and those with an extrahepatic PVA (mean, 4.8 kg). Blood glucose concentration was significantly (P = 0.028) higher in dogs with an intrahepatic PVA (mean, 99.8 mg/dl) than in dogs with an extrahepatic PVA (mean, 85.1 mg/dl). The third significant (P = 0.036) predictor of location was degree of elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase concentration. The intrahepatic location resulted in a concentration 3.2 times that of the reference value, whereas an extrahepatic location resulted in a 1.7 times increase.

Two predictors of early postoperative mortality were identified. In comparing the 2 groups, significant differences in PCV before surgery (P = 0.04) and in rectal temperature after surgery (P = 0.002) were found. Dogs that survived had a mean presurgical PCV of 36% and a mean postoperative rectal temperature of 35.7 C, whereas nonsurvivors had a mean presurgical PCV of 40.6% and a mean temperature of 34.3 C. There was no significant difference between nonsurvivors and survivors with respect to postligation portal pressure or change in portal pressure after ligation. Overall mortality was 15%.
Racing performance after hemicircumferential periosteal transection for angular limb deformities in Thoroughbreds: 199 cases (1987–1989)
Authors: Mitten L. A. , Bramlage L. R. , Embertson R. M.
Published: December 2023

Racing records of 199 Thoroughbred foals with angular limb deformities surgically treated by hemicircumferential periosteal transection and elevation (hcpt) from 1987 through 1989 (principals) were compared with records of their 1,017 siblings (controls) for starting status; 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old starts; earnings and earnings per start; and starts percentile ranking number (spr). Principals had a slightly lower percentage of horses starting a race (45 vs 55%), fewer 2-year-old starts (1.06 vs 1.72), and lower spr (33.49 vs 49.18), compared with those of controls (P < 0.05). Starting status was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by surgery and the horse's sex, but not by anatomic site treated. Fillies were 1.74 times less likely to start than were colts, regardless of surgery, whereas principal fillies were 2.63 times less likely to start than were control colts. Difference was not detected between principals and controls in 3- or 4-year-old starts; 2-, 3-, or 4-year-old earnings, or earnings per start. Horses treated with distal metacarpal/metatarsal hcpt had fewer 2-year-old starts (1.09 vs 2.19), but did not have a significantly different spr or lower starting percentage, compared with values for controls. Horses treated with distal radial hcpt had lower starting percentage (48 vs 55%), fewer 2-year-old starts (1.22 vs 1.70), and lower spr (32.53 vs 53.32), compared with those of controls. Horses treated with hcpt in 2 or more anatomic sites (ie, distal part of radius and metacarpal bones) had a lower starting percentage (33 vs 53%), fewer 2-year-old (0.65 vs 2.74) and 3-year-old starts (2.93 vs 4.76), and lower spr (23.20 vs 37.25) than had controls. Performance in horses treated with hcpt at 2 or more anatomic sites thus was worse (ie, more performance measures differed from those of their siblings), compared with that in horses treated at the distal part of the metacarpal/metatarsal bone III or radius.
Photocoagulation of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats: 15 cases (1989–1993)
Authors: Sullivan T. C. , Nasisse M. P. , Davidson M. G. , Glover T. L.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate immediate clinical effects and long-term results of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

13 dogs and 2 cats.

Results

At the time of treatment, 9 tumors were progressively enlarging and 4 were static. Recent growth characteristics of 2 tumors were not reported. Total energy applied ranged from 7.5 to 572 J. In all eyes, pigmented tissue shrank after treatment; however, 3 tumors recurred, 1 at 3 months and 2 at 1 year after treatment.

Clinical Implications

Photocoagulation may be an effective means of treating limbal melanoma in dogs and cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:891–894)
Analysis of spatial and temporal clustering of horses with Salmonella krefeld in an intensive care unit of a veterinary hospital
Authors: Paré Julie , Carpenter Tim E. , Thurmond Mark C.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether clustering existed in the spatial or temporal distribution of horses that shed Salmonella krefeld in their feces during hospitalization.

Design

Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals

219 horses housed in the intensive care unit of a veterinary medical teaching hospital from October 1991 through May 1992.

Procedure

Bacteriologic culturing of fecal samples was used to identify horses shedding S krefeld. For affected horses, the scan statistic was used to analyze temporal clustering, and Knox's method was used to analyze temporal-spatial clustering.

Results

20 horses were identified as shedding S krefeld in their feces. Significant temporal clustering of affected horses was observed for periods of 5, 6, 7, and 8 days. Temporal-spatial analysis did not detect a significant distribution for any combination of time and distance among affected horses.

Clinical Implications

Detection of temporal clustering and concurrent random temporal-spatial distribution of affected horses suggested that affected horses were grouped in time, but means of transmission was not related to proximity between horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:626-628)
Measurement of urinary urea nitrogen content as an estimate of the amount of total urinary nitrogen loss in dogs in intensive care units
Authors: Michel Kathryn E. , King Lesley G. , Ostro Ernest
Published: December 2023

Objective

To investigate whether urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) content can be used to accurately estimate total urinary nitrogen content in hospitalized dogs.

Design

Prospective, cohort study.

Animals

24 client-owned dogs admitted to an intensive care unit of a veterinary teaching hospital.

Procedure

Indwelling urinary catheters and closed collection systems were placed for the purpose of monitoring urine output. Urine was collected during a 24-hour period from each dog. For each collection, the total volume was measured. Urine was analyzed for urea nitrogen content at an in-house laboratory, using standard methods for determination of BUN content. Total urinary nitrogen content was determined by another laboratory, using Kjeldahl's method. Correlation between UUN content and total urinary nitrogen content was evaluated by use of linear regression analysis.

Results

Total urinary nitrogen content adjusted for metabolic body weight ranged from 0.21 to 2.21 g/ kg0.75/d (mean ± SD, 0.81 ± 0.46 g/kg0.75/d). Adjusted UUN content ranged from 0.05 to 1.50 g/kg0.75/d (0.54 ± 0.38 g/kg0.75/d). Total urinary nitrogen content was highly correlated with UUN content (R2, 0.88; P < 0.001).

Clinical Implications

Measurement of UUN content can be used to estimate total urinary nitrogen content in a clinical setting. Furthermore, critical illness in dogs is associated with substantial catabolism of endogenous proteins. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:356–359
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in Oregon
Authors: Blythe Linda L. , Granstrom David E. , Hansen Donald E. , Walker Lori L. , Bartlett Jill , Stamper Shelby
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in neurologically normal horses residing in 4 regions of Oregon and to describe the effects of age, gender, breed, and housing on seroprevalence within each region.

Design

Prevalence survey.

Sample Population

Serum samples from 334 horses systematically selected by practicing veterinarians.

Procedure

Antibodies to S neurona were measured in sera, using a western blot. Information including age, gender, breed, housing, geographic location, and duration of residence was obtained for each horse. Data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics.

Results

45% (149/334) of horses evaluated were seropositive for antibodies to S neurona with significant differences in the percentage of seropositive horses from different regions of the state. Seroprevalances of antibodies to S neurona in horses in regions I and II, west of the Cascade Range, were 65 and 60%, respectively; whereas seroprevalances in central and eastern Oregon, regions III and IV, were 43 and 22%, respectively. Seroprevalence consistently increased with age of horse for each region.

Gender, breed, and housing were not associated with significant differences in seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona in the overall sample population, or in comparisons of samples obtained from horses within a particular region, or among samples obtained from horses residing in different regions.

Clinical Implications

The high seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona in neurologically normal horses indicates that analysis of serum alone would not be useful for definitive diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses in Oregon. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:525–527)
Randomized controlled trial of cyclosporine for treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs
Authors: Mathews Karol A. , Sukhiani Hanif R.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate efficacy of cyclosporine for treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs.

Design

Randomized, controlled trial.

Animals

20 German Shepherd Dogs with naturally developing perianal fistulas.

Procedure

10 dogs were treated with cyclosporine; the other 10 dogs were given a placebo. Overall improvement and change in total surface area of involvement and depth of the deepest fistula were determined after 4 weeks. Thereafter, cyclosporine-group dogs were treated for an additional 12 weeks and control-group dogs were treated with cyclosporine for 16 weeks.

Results

All cyclosporine-group dogs, but none of the control-group dogs, were subjectively improved after 4 weeks. Mean total surface area and mean fistula depth decreased 78 and 62%, respectively, in the cyclosporine-group dogs but increased 29 and 11%, respectively, in the control-group dogs. After 16 weeks of cyclosporine treatment, fistulas had healed in 17 (85%) dogs. However, fistulas recurred in 7 of 17 dogs, and additional cyclosporine treatment or anal sacculectomy and surgical excision of fistulas was necessary.

Clinical Implications

Cyclosporine appeared to be effective in dogs with perianal fistulas. Even in dogs in which fistulas were not completely healed, cyclosporine administration appeared to be beneficial, because the surgical procedures that were required were less extensive than those that would have been necessary if cyclosporine had not been given. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1249–1253)