bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Genotypes and Sulphur Levels
Authors: Monika  , Dhaka A. K. , Singh Bhagat , Kamal  , Aarzoo  , Kanika
Published: August 2024

Groundnut is an important oilseed crop and belongs to the family Leguminosae. However, the productivity of groundnut in India is less as compared to average productivity of the world. The type of variety and nutrient, especially sulphur is crucial for the physiological growth and yield of crops like groundnut. Because groundnut is a legume-oilseed crop, it has a high phosphorus, calcium and sulphur demand. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023 at crop physiology field lab, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four genotypes (G1-MH 4, G2-HNG 10, G3-HNG 69, G4- GNH 804) in main plots and four sulphur levels (S1-Control, S2-20 kg S/ha, S3-40 kg S/ha, S4-60 kg S/ha) in sub-plots with three replications. Among the groundnut genotypes, GNH 804 found best in respect to the studied growth parameters followed by HNG 69. Among the sulphur levels, application of 60 kg S/ha recorded significantly higher variation for most of the studied parameters closely followed by sulphur levels of 40 kg/ha.
Factors Associated with Prenatal Dental Care from the Perspective of Dental Surgeons: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Raso Giovanna Freitas , Santos Isadora Custódio Moreira dos , Soares Giovanna Mendonça , Martins Heron Ataíde , Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso de , Lima Daniela Coelho de , Gomes Heloisa de Sousa
Published: August 2024

Aims: To investigate factors associated with prenatal dental care carried out by Brazilian dentists (DSs).
Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dental clinic of the Dentistry school of the Federal University of Alfenas, between January 2022 and June 2022.
Methodology: A questionnaire was administered to Brazilian DSs. The sample was selected by convenience and snowball effect from 18 states and the Federal District and were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square and Likelihood ratio tests (P < .05).
Results: Of the 1,696 responses, 586 were excluded and 77.70% represented female DSs. Statistically significant association was observed between gender and year of graduation (P = .01), with the majority of the sample being composed of female professionals (graduated between 2014 and 2022). Among who believed that myths and taboos could influence the demand for treatment, 79.50% were female (P = .01). Among those who agreed that the COVID-19 pandemic was an aggravating factor in reducing this demand, were also female (P = .02). According to lack of guidance/knowledge on the part of pregnant women was one of the main reasons reported by 31.17% of males (P = .01). Pregnant women not able to take anesthesia was one of the main beliefs reported by female DSs (P = .01).
Conclusion: There is a need for more information for pregnant patients and professionals, so that the myths and taboos that still exist don’t influence the low demand for this type of care.
Impact of Various Weed Control Methods on Weed Density, Weed Control Efficiency, and Seed Yield in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik L.)
Authors: Gurjar Satya Narayan , Verma Arvind , Choudhary Mahendra , Choudhary Raghuveer , Choudhary Khemendra , Choudhary Roshan
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season of 2021-22 at the Instructional Farm of Agronomy, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur. The study utilized a Factorial Randomized Block Design with 20 treatment combinations and three replications. The experiment tested ten chemical weed management practices in factor A, including three different concentrations of pendimethalin (500 g ha-1, 750 g ha-1, and 1000 g ha-1, applied pre-emergence), three concentrations of imazethapyr (50 g ha-1, 60 g ha-1, and 70 g ha-1, applied post-emergence), and three combinations of pendimethalin and imazethapyr (500 g ha-1, 750 g ha-1, and 1000 g ha-1, applied pre-emergence). A control group with no herbicide application was also included. Additionally, hand weeding at 40 days after sowing (DAS) and a control treatment were considered as factor B. The experimental results indicated that hand weeding at 40 DAS significantly reduced weed density and achieved the highest weed control efficiency with maximum grain yield. Among the chemical treatments, the combination of pendimethalin and imazethapyr at 1000 g ha-1 PE recorded the lowest total weed density and maximum grain yield and weed control efficiency. This result was comparable to the treatments with pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 750 g ha-1 PE and 500 g ha-1 PE. Overall, HW at 40 DAS and application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000g ha-1 PE could be more productive, and capable for reducing weed population.
Assessing the Microbial Burden on Hostel Bed Linens: A Threat to Student Health
Authors: Onwukwe N. R. , Onwukwe C. D. , Fajoyomi B. U. , Stanley H. O.
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Bed linens, often overlooked as potential reservoirs of pathogens, may harbor a diverse array of microorganisms with implications for human health. This study investigated the microbial contamination of bed linens in female student hostels at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four bed linens (bedspreads and pillowcases) from six randomly selected hostels were swabbed and cultured for bacterial and fungal isolates. The samples were collected aseptically using sterile swap sticks and taken to the research laboratory where a serial dilution test was carried out to isolate and enumerate microorganisms present on the bed linen swaps taken. Furthermore, Biochemical tests of which some included; the indole test, catalase test, gram staining, motility test were conducted to ascertain the specific bacterial strains and comparing with literature, a morphological test was conducted to also determine the specific fungi strain. Disk Diffusion method was used following the McFarland standard to carry out an Antibiotic susceptibility test to determine the bacteria strains susceptible, intermediate or resistant to the different antibiotics on the disk.
Results: The research led us to these findings; Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent bacterium (38%), followed by Bacillus spp. (29%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%). Isolated fungi included Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus niger, and Mucor spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high susceptibility of Gram-positive isolates to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Gram-negative isolates showed high susceptibility to pefloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and spiramycin but resistance to chloramphenicol (67%), amoxicillin (33%), and gentamicin (33%).
Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential health risks associated with contaminated bed linens and underscore the need for improved hygiene practices in hostel environments.
Nitrate postdeposition processes in Svalbard surface snow
Authors: Björkman Mats P. , Vega Carmen P. , Kühnel Rafael , Spataro Francesca , Ianniello Antonietta , Esposito Giulio , Kaiser Jan , Marca Alina , Hodson Andy , Isaksson Elisabeth , Roberts Tjarda J.
Published: October 2014

The snowpack acts as a sink for atmospheric reactive nitrogen, but several postdeposition pathways have been reported to alter the concentration and isotopic composition of snow nitrate with implications for atmospheric boundary layer chemistry, ice core records, and terrestrial ecology following snow melt. Careful daily sampling of surface snow during winter (11–15 February 2010) and springtime (9 April to 5 May 2010) near Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard reveals a complex pattern of processes within the snowpack. Dry deposition was found to dominate over postdeposition losses, with a net nitrate deposition rate of (0.6 ± 0.2) µmol m−2 d−1 to homogeneous surface snow. At Ny‐Ålesund, such surface dry deposition can either solely result from long‐range atmospheric transport of oxidized nitrogen or include the redeposition of photolytic/bacterial emission originating from deeper snow layers. Our data further confirm that polar basin air masses bring 15N‐depleted nitrate to Svalbard, while high nitrate δ(18O) values only occur in connection with ozone‐depleted air, and show that these signatures are reflected in the deposited nitrate. Such ozone‐depleted air is attributed to active halogen chemistry in the air masses advected to the site. However, here the Ny‐Ålesund surface snow was shown to have an active role in the halogen dynamics for this region, as indicated by declining bromide concentrations and increasing nitrate δ(18O), during high BrO (low‐ozone) events. The data also indicate that the snowpack BrO‐NOx cycling continued in postevent periods, when ambient ozone and BrO levels recovered.
Incorporating 3‐D parent nuclide zonation for apatite 4He/3He thermochronometry: An example from the Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Fox Matthew , McKeon Ryan E. , Shuster David L.
Published: October 2014

The ability to constrain km‐scale exhumation with apatite 4He/3He thermochronometry is well established and the technique has been applied to a range of tectonic and geomorphic problems. However, multiple sources of uncertainty in specific crystal characteristics limit the applicability of the method, especially when geologic problems require identifying small perturbations in a cooling path. Here we present new 4He/3He thermochronometric data from the Appalachian Mountains, which indicate significant parent nuclide zonation in an apatite crystal. Using LA‐ICPMS measurements of U and Th in the same crystal, we design a 3‐D model of the crystal to explore the effects of intracrystal variability in radiation damage accumulation. We describe a numerical approach to solve the 3‐D production‐diffusion equation. Using our numerical model and a previously determined time temperature path for this part of the Appalachians, we find excellent agreement between predicted and observed 4He/3He spectra. Our results confirm this time‐temperature path and highlight that for complex U and Th zonation patterns, 3‐D numerical models are required to infer an accurate time‐temperature history. In addition, our results provide independent and novel evidence for a radiation damage control on diffusivity. The ability to exploit intracrystal differences in 4He diffusivity [i.e., temperature sensitivity) greatly increases the potential to infer complex thermal histories.
An analytic solution for barotropic flow along a variable slope topography
Authors: Kuehl Joseph J.
Published: October 2014

An analytic solution is derived for the generic oceanographic situation of a barotropic current flowing along sloping topography. It is shown that the shallow water equations can be reduced to a heat‐like equation in which βeffect is balanced by Ekman dissipation. For constant topography, the system is found to admit a well‐known similarity solution and this solution is generalized to the case of variable topography. Several properties of the solution are explored, and an example is given for flow along the northern Gulf of Mexico slope, between the De Soto Canyon and the Mississippi Canyon. This “Topographic β‐plume” solution may serve as a model for further research concerning the influence exerted by geophysical boundary layers on the interior flow via their structure and stability.
Predictability horizon of oceanic rogue waves
Authors: Alam Mohammad‐Reza
Published: October 2014

Prediction is a central goal and a yet‐unresolved challenge in the investigation of oceanic rogue waves. Here we define a horizon of predictability for oceanic rogue waves and derive, via extensive computational experiments, a statistically converged predictability time scale for these structures. We show that this time scale is a function of the sea state (i.e., severity of the ambient ocean waves), the height of the anticipated rogue wave, and the level of uncertainties in the ocean measurements. The presented predictability time scale establishes a quantitative metric on the combined temporal effects of the variety of mechanisms that together lead to the formation of a rogue wave and is crucial for the assessment of validity of rogue wave predictions, as well as for the critical evaluation of results from the widely used model equations.
Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens
Authors: De Siena L. , Thomas C. , Waite G. P. , Moran S. C. , Klemme S.
Published: October 2014

We present a combined 3‐D P wave attenuation, 2‐D S coda attenuation, and 3‐D S coda scattering tomography model of fluid pathways, feeding systems, and sediments below Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano between depths of 0 and 18 km. High‐scattering and high‐attenuation shallow anomalies are indicative of magma and fluid‐rich zones within and below the volcanic edifice down to 6 km depth, where a high‐scattering body outlines the top of deeper aseismic velocity anomalies. Both the volcanic edifice and these structures induce a combination of strong scattering and attenuation on any seismic wavefield, particularly those recorded on the northern and eastern flanks of the volcanic cone. North of the cone between depths of 0 and 10 km, a low‐velocity, high‐scattering, and high‐attenuation north‐south trending trough is attributed to thick piles of Tertiary marine sediments within the St. Helens Seismic Zone. A laterally extended 3‐D scattering contrast at depths of 10 to 14 km is related to the boundary between upper and lower crust and caused in our interpretation by the large‐scale interaction of the Siletz terrane with the Cascade arc crust. This contrast presents a low‐scattering, 4–6 km2 “hole” under the northeastern flank of the volcano. We infer that this section represents the main path of magma ascent from depths greater than 6 km at MSH, with a small north‐east shift in the lower plumbing system of the volcano. We conclude that combinations of different nonstandard tomographic methods, leading toward full‐waveform tomography, represent the future of seismic volcano imaging.
Formic acid methyl ester [Air Monitoring Methods, 2012]
Authors: Tschickardt M.
Published: October 2014

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Air
, Vol. 13 (2012)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Pretreatment of the adsorption tubes

Solutions

Test atmospheres and calibration standards

Sampling and sample preparation

Operating conditions for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Evaluation of the method

Reliability

Limit of quantification

Recovery

Storage stability

Interference

Capacity of the adsorbent

Discussion
Trialkyl‐ und Triarylphosphate [Air Monitoring Methods in German Language, 2013]
Authors: Rosenberger W. , Bader M.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Vorbereitung der Probenträger

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Lagerfähigkeit

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion
Diisononylphthalat (DINP) [Air Monitoring Methods in German Language, 2013]
Authors: Franke D.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Lagerfähigkeit

Störeinflüsse

Linearität

Diskussion
Carbonsäuren, kurzkettige (Ameisen‐, Essig‐ und Propionsäure) [Air Monitoring Methods in German Language, 2013]
Authors: Hahn J.‐U. , Assenmacher‐Maiworm H.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:
Ketone [Air Monitoring Methods in German Language, 2013]
Authors: Breuer D. , Eisenhardt A.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Kapazität der Probenträger

Bestimmungsgrenze

Lagerfähigkeit

Einfluss der Luftfeuchte

Störeinflüsse

Blindwerte
Method for the determination of lead and its inorganic compounds [Air Monitoring Methods, 2012]
Authors: Hahn J.‐U.
Published: October 2014

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Air
, Vol. 13 (2012)
Method for the determination of nickel and its inorganic compounds [Air Monitoring Methods, 2012]
Authors: Hahn J.‐U.
Published: October 2014

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Air
, Vol. 13 (2012)
Metals (chromium, copper and their compounds) [Air Monitoring Methods, 2012]
Authors: Pitzke K. , Jaschke M. , Hahn J.‐U.
Published: October 2014

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Air
, Vol. 13 (2012)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration solutions

Sampling and sample preparation

Sampling procedure

Sample preparation

Operating conditions for ICP‐OES

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Recovery

Limits of quantification

Storage stability

Selectivity
Dichlorbenzol‐Isomeren [Air Monitoring Methods in German Language, 2013]
Authors: Tschickardt M.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Vorbehandlung der Adsorptionsröhrchen

Lösungen

Herstellung der Kalibrierproben

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Arbeitsbedingungen der Thermodesorption

Arbeitsbedingungen der Gaschromatographie

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Genauigkeit

Bestimmungsgrenze

Überführung

Lagerfähigkeit

Kapazität des Probenträgers

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion
Perfluoroctansulfonsäure und ihre Salze [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2011]
Authors: Rettenmeier A. W.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR)
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2011

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Metabolismus und Toxikokinetik

Aufnahme und Verteilung

Metabolismus

Ausscheidung

Kritische Toxizität

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Beziehung zwischen äußerer und innerer Belastung

Beziehung zwischen innerer Belastung und Beanspruchung

Auswahl der Indikatoren

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

Evaluierung

Interpretation
Aceton, Addendum [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 1996]
Authors: Schaller K. H. , Triebig G.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte) und Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), 8. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1996

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Reevaluierung des BAT‐Wertes

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Evaluierung des BAT‐Wertes
Mangan und seine anorganischen Verbindungen, Addendum [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2011]
Authors: Bader M.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR)
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2011

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Reevaluierung

Kritische Toxizität

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

Evaluierung

Interpretation
1,2‐Epoxypropan (Propylenoxid) [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2012]
Authors: Bader M. , Lämmlein P. , Klotz K.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR), 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Metabolismus und Toxikokinetik

Aufnahme und Verteilung

Metabolismus

KritischeToxizität

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Beziehung zwischen äußerer und innerer Belastung

Beziehung zwischen innerer Belastung und Beanspruchung

Auswahl der Indikatoren

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

Evaluierung der BAR

Interpretation
Addendum zu Acrylamid [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2012]
Authors: Göen Th.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR), 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Auswahl der Indikatoren und Untersuchungsmaterialien

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

Addukte

Merkaptursäuren im Urin

Evaluierung

Evaluierung der Biologischen Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR)

Evaluierung der EKA‐Korrelation

Reevaluierung des Biologischen Leitwertes (BLW)

Interpretation
Vitamin K‐Antagonisten [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2012]
Authors: Nasterlack M.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR)
, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Metabolismus und Toxikokinetik

Aufnahme und Verteilung

Metabolismus und Ausscheidung

Kritische Toxizität

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Beziehung zwischen äußerer und innerer Belastung

Beziehung zwischen innerer Belastung und Beanspruchung

Auswahl der Indikatoren

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

Evaluierung

Interpretation
Mercaptursäuren (N‐Acetyl‐S‐2‐carbamoylethylcystein, N‐Acetyl‐S‐2‐hydroxyethylcystein, N‐Acetyl‐S‐3‐hydroxypropylcystein, N‐Acetyl‐S‐2‐hydroxypropylcystein, N‐Acetyl‐S‐(N‐methylcarbamoyl)cystein) in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Schettgen Th.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Massenspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Absolute Wiederfindung

Matrixeffekte

Stabilität der Analyten

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Cyclohexanol, 1,2‐Cyclohexandiol und 1,4‐Cyclohexandiol in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Knecht U.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion
Thiocyanate in plasma and saliva [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Riedel K. , Hagedorn H. W. , Scherer G.
Published: October 2014

Published in the seriesBiomonitoring Methods, Vol. 13 (2013)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Specimen collection

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Analytical determination

Pipetting scheme for the microtiter plate

Test procedure

Photometric determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical results

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits and quantitation limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix
N‐Acetyl‐S‐(N‐methylcarbamoyl)cystein (AMCC), N‐Hydroxymethyl‐N‐methylformamid (HMMF) und N‐Methylformamid (NMF) in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Käfferlein H.U. , Angerer J.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
N‐Acetyl‐S‐(N‐methylcarbamoyl)‐cysteine (AMCC), N‐hydroxymethyl‐N‐methylformamide (HMMF) and N‐methylformamide (NMF) in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Käfferlein H. U. , Angerer J.
Published: October 2014

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 13 (2013)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Internal standard

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Specimen collection

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix
Arsen (gesamt) in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Heitland P.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Probenzuführung und Plasma‐Einstellungen

Massenspektrometrische Parameter

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Pyrethrum and pyrethroid metabolites (after liquid phase extraction) in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Leng G. , Gries W.
Published: October 2014

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 13 (2013)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Internal standard

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Specimen collection

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Operational parameters for alternative gas chromatography

Operational parameters for mass spectromety

Operational conditions for the alternative GC‐MS method

Analytical determinations

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Absolute recovery

Detection limits and quantitation limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix
Bisphenol A, Genistein, Daidzein und Equol in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Moors S. , Blaszkewicz M.
Published: October 2014

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Massenspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenze

Validierungsdaten der Methodenvariante

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
2‐Phenyl‐2‐propanol in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Knecht U.
Published: October 2014

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 13 (2013)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Internal standard

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit and quantitation limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix
The sampling scheme matters: Pan troglodytes troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii are characterized by clinal genetic variation rather than a strong subspecies break
Authors: Fünfstück Tillmann , Arandjelovic Mimi , Morgan David B. , Sanz Crickette , Reed Patricia , Olson Sarah H. , Cameron Ken , Ondzie Alain , Peeters Martine , Vigilant Linda
Published: October 2014

Populations of an organism living in marked geographical or evolutionary isolation from other populations of the same species are often termed subspecies and expected to show some degree of genetic distinctiveness. The common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is currently described as four geographically delimited subspecies: the western (P. t. verus), the nigerian‐cameroonian (P. t. ellioti), the central (P. t. troglodytes) and the eastern (P. t. schweinfurthii) chimpanzees. Although these taxa would be expected to be reciprocally monophyletic, studies have not always consistently resolved the central and eastern chimpanzee taxa. Most studies, however, used data from individuals of unknown or approximate geographic provenance. Thus, genetic data from samples of known origin may shed light on the evolutionary relationship of these subspecies. We generated microsatellite genotypes from noninvasively collected fecal samples of 185 central chimpanzees that were sampled across large parts of their range and analyzed them together with 283 published eastern chimpanzee genotypes from known localities. We observed a clear signal of isolation by distance across both subspecies. Further, we found that a large proportion of comparisons between groups taken from the same subspecies showed higher genetic differentiation than the least differentiated between‐subspecies comparison. This proportion decreased substantially when we simulated a more clumped sampling scheme by including fewer groups. Our results support the general concept that the distribution of the sampled individuals can dramatically affect the inference of genetic population structure. With regard to chimpanzees, our results emphasize the close relationship of equatorial chimpanzees from central and eastern equatorial Africa and the difficult nature of subspecies definitions. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:181–191, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the relationship between entheseal changes and physical activity: A multivariate study
Authors: Milella Marco , Cardoso Francisca Alves , Assis Sandra , Lopreno Geneviève Perréard , Speith Nivien
Published: October 2014

Analyses of entheseal changes (EC) in identified skeletal samples employ a common research strategy based on the comparison between occupations grouped on the basis of shared biomechanical and/or social characteristics. Results from this approach are often ambiguous, with some studies that point to differences in EC between occupational samples and others failing to provide evidence of behavioral effects on EC. Here we investigate patterns of EC among documented occupations by means of a multivariate analysis of robusticity scores in nine postcranial entheses from a large (N = 372) contemporary skeletal sample including specimens from one Italian and two Portuguese identified collections. Data on entheseal robusticity, analyzed by pooled sides as well by separated sides and levels of asymmetry, are converted in binary scores and then analyzed through nonlinear principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results of these analyses are then used for the classification of occupations. Differences between occupational classes are tested by MANOVA and pairwise Hotelling's test. Results evidence three classes which separate occupations related to farming, physically demanding but generalized occupation, and physically undemanding occupations, with the more consistent differences between the first and the last classes. Our results are consistent with differences in biomechanical behavior between the occupations included in each class, and point to the physical and social specificity of farming activities. On the other hand, our study exemplifies the usefulness of alternative analytical protocols for the investigation of EC, and the value of research designs devoid of a priori assumptions for the test of biocultural hypotheses. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:215–223, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence that human papillomavirus causes inverted papilloma is sparse
Authors: Justice Jeb M. , Davis Kern M. , Saenz Daniel A. , Lanza Donald C.
Published: October 2014

Background

Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis of inverted papilloma as it relates to the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV). The purpose of this report is to describe the prevalence of HPV in nondysplastic, “early inverted papilloma” and to summarize HPV detection rates in the general population and in other HPV related neoplasia.

Methods

This case series report characterizes consecutive inverted papilloma patients from January 2005 to August 2012 with regard to smoking history, dysplasia, and HPV detection rates. Presence or absence of low/high risk HPV was determined by standardized in situ hybridization DNA probes. Medline literature review was performed to determine the prevalence of HPV in inverted papilloma without moderate or severe dysplasia.

Results

Thirty‐six consecutive patients were identified with an average age of 63.6 (range, 40–84) years; gender: 23 men, 13 women. More than half (55%) were active or former smokers (14% active and 41% former). High/low risk HPV was present in 1 in 36 (2.7%) patients and 1 in 36 (2.7%) had mild dysplasia. In the literature review: (1) HPV was detected in 16.4% of inverted papilloma without dysplasia; (2) oral cavity HPV detection was 4.2% to 11.4% in the normal population; and (3) HPV was normally detected in 85% to 95% of HPV‐related neoplasia.

Conclusion

Given histological features of inverted papilloma and comparatively low detection rates of HPV in inverted papilloma without dysplasia (2.7%), as well as the summary of the world literature, HPV is not related to the initial pathogenesis of inverted papilloma or inverted papilloma's tendency to persist or recur. It is postulated that since inverted papilloma is more an inflammatory polyp, it is susceptible to secondary HPV infection because of its metaplasia. Tobacco and other causes of respiratory epithelium remodeling are more plausible explanations for the initial tissue transformation to inverted papilloma.
Verapamil modulates interleukin‐5 and interleukin‐6 secretion in organotypic human sinonasal polyp explants
Authors: Bleier Benjamin S. , Kocharyan Armine , Singleton Amy , Han Xue
Published: October 2014

Background

Verapamil is an L‐type calcium channel blocker (CCB) that has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties in a variety of tissues. The goal of this study was determine whether verapamil is capable of regulating cytokine secretion in sinonasal polyps and to compare this effect to dexamethasone, an established immunosuppressive corticosteroid.

Methods

This was an institutional review board (IRB)‐approved study in sinonasal polyp explants derived from 8 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Polyps were incubated with dexamethasone or verapamil for 24 hours followed by an additional 24 hours with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Concentrations of secreted cytokines over each exposure period were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and are expressed as a percent. Results were compared using a 2‐tailed Student t test.

Results

The percent of SEB‐stimulated interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) secretion (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 339.94% ± 315.48%) between the second and first treatment periods was significantly reduced following exposure to dexamethasone (74.08% ± 26.77%, p < 0.05) and verapamil (119.99% ± 69.32%, p < 0.05). The percent of SEB‐stimulated IL‐6 secretion (217.53% ± 89.51%) was also significantly reduced following exposure to verapamil (148.82% ± 79.15%, p < 0.05) but not dexamethasone (148.86% ± 145.24%). Finally, the percent of SEB‐stimulated thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) secretion (37.86% ± 18.88%) demonstrated a nonsignificant trend toward reduction with both dexamethasone (31.15% ± 35.28%) and verapamil (20.14% ± 12.10%).

Conclusion

Although the mechanism has yet to be fully understood, L‐type CCBs are capable of reducing inflammation in multiple tissues. Verapamil was specifically found to reduce airway goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophilic infiltration in a murine asthma model. Our data support these findings suggesting that verapamil can modulate T‐helper cell type 2 (Th2)‐associated cytokine secretion in sinonasal polyp explants. This data points to a possible therapeutic role for CCBs in the management of CRSwNP.
Comparison of positional shift of supraglottic devices resulting from chest compressions: simulation using a manikin and automated chest compression system
Authors: Kitano Manabu , Komasawa Nobuyasu , Fujiwara Shunsuke , Minami Toshiaki
Published: October 2014

Background

The American Heart Association 2010 Guidelines for Resuscitation suggest the use of supraglottic devices as an alternative to tracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This study aimed to evaluate supraglottic device displacement and the effect of tape fixation by simulation with a manikin and automated chest compression system.

Methods

We placed eight supraglottic devices (ProSeal, i‐gel, Classic, Soft Seal, Fastrack, Supreme, Ambu‐aura‐i, air‐Q) into an advanced life support simulator, and compared no fixation and Durapore tape fixation conditions. After 5 min of automated chest compressions, positional shift of the supraglottic devices was measured. A total of five trials were carried out in each setting. Statistical analysis was carried out with two‐way repeated measures anova. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Positional shift after 5 min of chest compressions were as follows: ProSeal, 0.68 ± 0.26 cm; i‐gel, 0.50 ± 0.16 cm; Classic, 0.36 ± 0.15 cm; Soft Seal, 0.32 ± 0.08 cm; Fastrack, 0.20 ± 0.07 cm; Supreme, 0.20 ± 0.07 cm; Ambu‐aura‐i, 0.18 ± 0.08 cm; and air‐Q, 0.12 ± 0.04 cm. Positional shift was larger with the ProSeal and i‐gel compared with any of the other six supraglottic devices (P < 0.05). Conversely, positional shift was significantly smaller with the air‐Q than the other supraglottic devices (P < 0.05). Tape fixation reduced positional shift for all supraglottic devices, with a significant reduction observed with ProSeal, i‐gel, Classic, and Soft Seal.

Conclusion

Simulation analysis revealed that positional shift of air‐Q by chest compressions is smaller than those of seven other supraglottic devices.
Synthesis of diaryl thioethers from aryl halides and potassium thiocyanate
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Pourkaveh Raheleh , Karimi Hirbod
Published: October 2014

An efficient palladium catalyst was synthesized using nicotine, benzyl chloride and palladium chloride. The structure of this catalyst was characterized and it was then used for the synthesis of diaryl sufides. A variety of diaryl thioethers were synthesized under relatively mild reaction conditions. This protocol avoids foul‐smelling thiols via cross‐coupling of aryl halides with potassium thiocyanate and all substrates give the corresponding products in good to excellent yields in the presence of low amounts of the catalyst. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a CO2‐switchable hydrophobic associating polymer to enhance viscosity–response
Authors: Lu Hongsheng , Liu Ya , Jiang Jifeng , Huang Zhiyu
Published: October 2014

A series of copolymers, poly(acrylamide)‐co‐poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐co‐poly(N‐cetyl DMAEMA) (abbreviation PDAMCn), was synthesized with different monomer ratios. The resulting copolymer solution shows pronounced viscosity–response property which is CO2‐triggered and N2‐enabled. Electrical conductivity experiment shows that tertiary amine group on DMAEMA experiences a protonate and deprotonate transition upon CO2 addition and its removal. In addition, different incorporation rates of DMAEMA leads to two kinds of morphological change in the presence of CO2 and thus induces different rheological behaviors. PDAMCn incorporating longer hydrophobic monomer (C18DM) show more pronounced initial viscosity and higher critical stress required to cause network deformation, which consequently enhances the viscosity–response property of the solution. The addition of NaCl could also tune the viscosity of PDAMCn solution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41468.
Synthesis and surface characterization of copoly(imide alkyl ether)s containing pendant fluoroalkyl groups
Authors: Wohl Christopher J. , Foster Leanna L. , Applin Samantha I. , Connell John W.
Published: October 2014

A series of copoly(imide alkyl ether)s were synthesized to explore surface migration of fluorinated alkyl ether blocks (AEFO)s. Mechanical and surface properties of solution cast, thermally imidized films were determined. Incorporation of the AEFO oligomers at loading levels up to 5 wt % resulted in a slight decrease (usually less than 10%) in tensile modulus. Surface migration of the AEFOs raised the advancing water contact angle from approximately 80° to above 95° for the copolymer systems. The composition at which addition of more AEFO further increased water contact angle values was related to the number of fluorine atoms in the perfluorinated side chains. Surface excess concentration of the AEFO at different loading levels was calculated from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. At higher AEFO loading levels, the surface excess concentration was relatively constant suggesting formation of stable structures within the bulk similar to micelle formation in surfactant solutions. Based on these results, it was determined that surface saturation occurred with the fluorinated AEFO species at loading levels as low as 1 wt % engendering changes in surface properties while retaining the bulk imide properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41538.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor δ Promotes the Progression of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in a Mouse Model
Authors: Ratneswaran A. , LeBlanc E. A. , Walser E. , Welch I. , Mort J. S. , Borradaile N. , Beier F.
Published: October 2014

Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious disease of the entire joint, characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone changes, osteophyte formation, and synovial hyperplasia. Currently, there are no pharmaceutical treatments that can slow the disease progression, resulting in greatly reduced quality of life for patients and the need for joint replacement surgeries in many cases. The lack of available treatments for OA is partly due to our incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote disease initiation and progression. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ (PPARδ) as a promoter of cartilage degeneration in a mouse model of posttraumatic OA.

Methods

Mouse chondrocytes and knee explants were treated with a pharmacologic agonist of PPARδ (GW501516) to evaluate changes in gene expression, histologic features, and matrix glycosaminoglycan breakdown. In vivo, PPARδ was specifically deleted from the cartilage of mice. Histopathologic scoring according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) system and immunohistochemical analysis were used to compare mutant and control mice subjected to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM).

Results

In vitro, PPARδ activation by GW501516 resulted in increased expression of several proteases in chondrocytes, as well as aggrecan degradation and glycosaminoglycan release in knee joint explants. In vivo, cartilage‐specific PPARδ–knockout mice did not display any abnormalities of skeletal development but showed marked protection in the DMM model of posttraumatic OA (as compared to control littermates). OARSI scoring and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed strong protection of mutant mice from DMM‐induced cartilage degeneration.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate a catabolic role of endogenous PPARδ in posttraumatic OA and suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of PPARδ is a promising therapeutic strategy.