bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coastal reclamation and Balinese identity
Authors: Tans Ryan
Published: February 2021

The proposed reclamation of Benoa Bay triggered huge demonstrations that rejected the project in the name of Balinese identity. Yet, the politicization of identity seems ill‐suited to an anti‐reclamation movement, because the location‐specific costs of reclamation encourage local, not regional, resistance. The politicization of identity likewise has few precedents in Bali's own history, where politics usually revolves around class, caste, and region. This article explains this divergent outcome with reference to the specific social and institutional context of opposition to reclamation. Specifically, the anti‐reclamation movement embraced Balinese identity as a motivating principle because identity provided the only means to mobilize cross‐class protests large enough to block the project. Using the Bali Post archive and primary sources, the article shows that leaders of the opposition constructed reclamation as a threat to Balinese identity only after parochial, region‐specific efforts failed to block the project.
Social norms in adolescent risk engagement and recommendation
Authors: Ciranka Simon , van den Bos Wouter
Published: February 2021

Social influence is an important determinant of adolescent risk‐taking, but little is known about how social norms contribute to adolescents’ tendency to recommend and engage in risky behaviours. Using the Adolescent Risk‐taking Questionnaire, we assessed subjects’ (n = 198, age = 10–26) propensity to engage in and recommend risk‐taking as well as their perception of risk norms. Adolescents recommended risk‐taking more often compared to children and young adults. Perceived social norms were the most important factor predicting engagement in risky behaviours, and adolescents perceived risk‐taking to be more normative than children or adults. Our findings highlight two mechanisms that contribute to adolescent risk‐taking, active recommendation and perceived social norms. On this basis, we discuss potential means to attenuate excessive adolescent risk‐taking.
Recency of immigration and utilization of dental care services in Canada
Authors: Okechukwu Chidubem Ekpereamaka , Ells Carolyn , Newbold Kenneth Bruce , Joe‐Ikechebelu Ngozi , Manneh Balanding
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To investigate the association between recency of immigration to Canada and the utilization of dental health services.

Methods

The cross‐sectional study sample (n = 2137) was drawn from the 2015‐2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). It consisted of Canadian residents aged 12 years and older who resided in the two provinces and one territory who opted into the optional dental module and gave valid responses to the questions ‘How often do you usually see a dental professional, such as a dentist, a dental hygienist or a denturologist?’ and ‘Length of time since immigration to Canada?’ for the outcome and independent variable, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the data, and all statistics were weighted using sampling weights provided by Statistics Canada.

Results

The adjusted odds ratios were lower for recent immigrants than for established immigrants and for visits more than once per year (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.14, 0.92), about once per year (OR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.13, 0.90) and for less than once per year (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.07, 0.64) than for those who never visited a dental professional. Recent immigrants, males, individuals aged 70 years or more and those with a low household income were less likely to visit a dental professional than established immigrants, females, younger age groups or those with higher incomes.

Conclusion

Better policies are needed to address the dental health concerns of recent immigrants who may suffer from poorer dental health, to ensure that they receive the care they require.
Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull mice exhibit functionally augmented human regulatory T cells associated with enzymatic up-regulation of H3K27me3 in comparison with humans
Authors: Takahashi H , Tsuboi H , Abe S , Honda F , Kondo Y , Matsumoto I , Sumida T
Published: February 2021

Humanized non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency/interleukin-2 receptor-γ-null (NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull) [humanized (huNSG)] mice engrafted with human hematopoietic cells have been used for investigations of the human immune system. However, the epigenetic features of the human regulatory T (Treg) cells of huNSG mice have not been studied. The objective of this study was to clarify the characteristics of human Treg cells in huNSG mice, especially in terms of the epigenetic aspects. We compared the populations, inhibitory molecule expression and suppressive capacity of human Treg cells in spleens harvested from the huNSG mice 120 days after the engraftment of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Histone modifications and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), an H3K27 methyltransferase, of human Treg cells were quantified in huNSG mice and human PBMCs. The effect of Ezh2 inhibitor on human Treg cells exposed to interleukin (IL)-6 was also compared between them. Human Treg cells in the spleens of huNSG mice showed an increased proportion among CD4+ T cells, higher expressions of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor-related protein (GITR), a higher production of IL-10 and enhanced suppressive capacity when compared with those in human PBMCs. H3K27me3 and Ezh2 were specifically up-regulated in human Treg cells of huNSG mice in comparison with those of human PBMCs. The decrease in Treg cells induced by IL-6 exposure was attenuated in huNSG mice when compared with human PBMCs, while the difference between them was cancelled by addition of Ezh2 inhibitor. In conclusion, huNSG mice exhibit functionally augmented human Treg cells owing to enzymatic up-regulation of H3K27me3.
Acute illness in children with secondary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Rushworth Rosemary Louise , Gouvoussis Nikki , Goubar Thomas , Maguire Ann , Munns Craig F. , Neville Kristen A. , Torpy David J.
Published: February 2021

Objective and background

Secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) is a rare condition in childhood which can be associated with high levels of morbidity in some patients. The causes of increased levels of illness are not well defined and warrant further investigation.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of patients with SAI was constructed by examining records of all attendances for acute illness by SAI patients at the emergency department of the two specialist paediatric hospitals in Sydney, Australia between 2004 and 2016. Demographic, clinical, and physiological characteristics together with pre‐hospital illness management strategies were assessed.

Results

There were 168 presentations for an acute illness by 47 children with SAI. Comorbid diabetes insipidus (DI) was present in 46.8% (n = 22), 77.3% (n = 17) of whom were male (P < .05). Patients with comorbid DI were more likely to be admitted (86.7%, n = 65 vs 60.2%, n = 56 for non‐DI, P < .01); had a longer hospital stay (6.5 (8.7) vs 2.5 (2.6) days, P < .001); and higher rates of IV HC administration (56.0%, n = 42 vs 35.5%, n = 33), P < .01). The medically‐diagnosed adrenal crisis (AC) rate was 3.68 ACs/100PY. Stress dose use was reported by fewer DI patients (58.7%, n = 44) than non‐DI patients (78.5%, n = 73, P < .01). Previous attendance at hospital was positively associated with stress dose use (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.00, 1.16).

Conclusion

Secondary adrenal insufficiency can cause significant morbidity in children. Comorbid DI is associated with higher levels of hospitalisation, longer hospital stays and lower levels of pre‐emergent stress dose use. Educational interventions in this subgroup of SAI patients may reduce the burden of morbidity.
General health status of Dutch elderly receiving implant‐retained overdentures: A 9‐year big data cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bakker Mieke H. , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Visser Anita
Published: February 2021

Background

Very little information is available on the general health of elderly who are provided with an implant‐retained overdenture (IOD).

Purpose

The general health status of three groups of elderly (≥75 years) were compared: those with a natural dentition (ND), those treated with an implant‐retained overdenture (IOD), and those wearing a conventional denture (CD).

Materials and methods

Data on healthcare costs were obtained from records of Dutch health insurers that are collected by Vektis. Data on general health (chronic diseases, medication use, and polypharmacy) were acquired for elderly patients with a ND, an IOD, and a CD in 2009 and 2017. Data on the general health of elderly who received an IOD were also acquired from 2010 through 2016.

Results

On average, the general health of elderly who received an IOD was comparable to general health of elderly with a ND and was better than the general health of elderly with a CD (lower prevalence of diabetes, cardiac disease, and hypertension). The general health profile of elderly receiving an IOD was consistent during all years.

Conclusions

The general health of elderly with a ND or IODs is better than those with CDs.
Electrogustometry: Normative data for stimulus duration, tongue site and age decline
Authors: Pavlidis Pavlos , Schittek Gregor Alexander , Saratziotis Athanasios , Ferfeli Maria , Kekes Georgios , Gouveris Haralampos
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Our primary goal was to evaluate the effect of stimulus duration on electrogustometry (EGM) thresholds. Additionally, we sought to evaluate any sex‐related influences and compare the above results to those of taste strips.

Design

Electrogustometry thresholds of various stimulus durations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 seconds) were measured in 212 non‐smokers (age range: 10‐80 years, divided into eight age‐groups) without self‐reported gustatory impairment. Furthermore, taste strips chemogustometry measurements in 132 participants were performed.

Setting

Tertiary referral medical centre.

Participants

212 non‐smokers, divided into eight age‐groups participated in the study.

Main outcome measures

Electrogustometry thresholds and taste strips, duration of EGM stimuli.

Results

Electrogustometry thresholds increased progressively with age and with stimulus duration from 0.5 to 2 seconds. This pattern was consistent in all six anatomic areas, irrespective of sex. In contrast, when using chemogustometry, no age‐ or sex‐related differences were observed.

Conclusions

Electrogustometry‐threshold values increase progressively with age and with stimulus duration. Therefore, we recommend documenting stimulus duration in the future EGM recordings as it may significantly affect EGM amplitude threshold values.
Substance use, mental health and weight‐related behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with obesity
Authors: Almandoz Jaime P. , Xie Luyu , Schellinger Jeffrey N. , Mathew M. Sunil , Bismar Nora , Ofori Ashley , Kukreja Sachin , Schneider Benjamin , Vidot Denise , Messiah Sarah E.
Published: February 2021

Studies have shown the negative impact of COVID‐19 lockdown orders on mental health and substance use in the general population. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic onsubstance use, mental health and weight‐related behaviors in a sample of adults with obesity after lockdown orders were lifted (June‐September 2020). A retrospective medical chart review identified patients with obesity from one university‐based obesity medicine clinic, and two metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) practices. Patients who completed an online survey from June 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020 were included. The primary outcome measure was substance use (various drugs, alcohol, tobacco). Substance use and mental health survey questions were based on standardized, validated instruments. A total of 589 patients (83.3% female, mean age 53.6 years [SD 12.8], mean BMI 35.4 [SD 9.1], 54.5% Non‐Hispanic white, 22.3% post‐MBS) were included. Seventeen patients (2.9%) tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 and 13.5% reported symptoms. Nearly half (48.4%) of the sample reported recreational substance use and 9.8% reported increased use since the start of the pandemic. There was substantial drug use reported (24.3% opioids, 9.5% sedative/tranquilizers, 3.6% marijuana, and 1% stimulants). Patients who reported stockpiling food more (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 1.50, 95% CI 1.03‐2.18), healthy eating more challenging (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01‐2.16), difficulty falling asleep (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.14‐2.34), and anxiety (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01‐2.14) were more likely to report substance use versus non‐users. Results here show that the COVID‐19 pandemic is having a deleterious impact on substance use, mental health and weight‐related health behaviors in people with obesity regardless of infection status.
Content and value of rehabilitation in dermatology
Authors: Voigt Tilmann Peter , Bause Leonie , Tsianakas Athanasios
Published: February 2021

The therapy of chronic skin diseases is challenging for both the dermatologist and the patient. Current standards of therapy and individual circumstances of the patient have to be considered. Furthermore, chronic skin diseases are often associated with comorbidities that require treatment adapted to the individual. Therefore, optimal education of the patient and a holistic concept of therapy are needed, in many cases in collaboration with various medical disciplines. In this case, rehabilitation provides an opportunity to address important aspects such as comorbidities, psychosocial burden and limitations at work, in addition to treating the underlying disease.

This article describes the differences between acute and rehabilitation health care in dermatology, and illustrates the importance of rehabilitation in dermatology, based on examples of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, chronic pruritus and dermato‐oncological diseases.
Can habitat suitability estimated from MaxEnt predict colonizations and extinctions?
Authors: Venne Simon , Currie David J.
Published: February 2021

Aim

MaxEnt has been widely used to model species’ geographic distributions as functions of environmental variables and to predict changes in distributions in response to environmental change. Here, we test the predictive ability of MaxEnt models through time by modelling colonizations and extinctions.

Location

North America.

Methods

Using data for 21 species from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, we first related avian species’ geographic distributions to the spatial variation in environmental conditions. Then, we modelled site‐specific colonizations and extinctions between 1979 and 2009 as functions of MaxEnt‐estimated habitat suitability and neighbourhood occupancy.

Results

We found that colonization and extinction probabilities were related to spatial variation in habitat suitability, and to neighbourhood occupancy, in the expected directions. However, change in habitat suitability (which is much smaller through time than through space) is a weak predictor of extinction and worse for colonization. This is because a) for most species and most sites, climatic suitability did not change dramatically between 1979 and 2009, and b) the relationship between colonization or extinction probability and change in climatic variables is very weak (r2 = 0.02). Most colonizations and extinctions are apparently unrelated to climate change.

Main conclusions

MaxEnt models apparently capture a real effect of habitat suitability on North American bird species’ distributions, but over short and medium time scales, occupancy of neighbouring sites by conspecifics predicts changes in occupancy as well as, or better than changes in climatic habitat suitability, as characterized by MaxEnt. One would not expect species’ distributions to track climate change closely. Prediction of species’ responses to climate change should 1) recognize that the process of colonization and extinction are not equally well predicted by species distribution models and 2) account for the spatial structure of species’ distributions.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 prevalence in saliva and gastric and intestinal fluid in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy in coronavirus disease 2019 endemic areas: Prospective cross‐sectional study in Japan
Authors: Miyake Shigeta , Ashikari Keiichi , Kato Shingo , Takatsu Tomohiro , Kuwashima Hirofumi , Kaneko Hiroaki , Nagai Koki , Watari Ikue , Sato Takamitsu , Yamaoka Yutaro , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Ryo Akihide , Maeda Shin , Nakajima Atsushi , Higurashi Takuma
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is useful for the early detection and treatment of many diseases; however, GIE is considered a high‐risk procedure in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic era. This study aimed to explore the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) positivity in saliva and gastrointestinal fluids to which endoscopy medical staff are exposed.

Methods

The study was a single‐center cross‐sectional study. From June 1 to July 31, 2020, all patients who underwent GIE at Yokohama City University Hospital were registered. All patients provided 3 mL of saliva. For upper GIE, 10 mL of gastric fluid was collected through the endoscope. For lower GIE, 10 mL of intestinal fluid was collected through the endoscope. The primary outcome was the positive rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 in saliva and gastrointestinal fluids. We also analyzed serum‐specific antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 and patients’ background information.

Results

A total of 783 samples (560 upper GIE and 223 lower GIE samples) were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on saliva samples did not show any positive results in either upper or lower GIE samples. However, 2.0% (16/783) of gastrointestinal fluid samples tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. No significant differences in age, sex, purpose of endoscopy, medication, or rate of antibody test positivity were found between PCR positive and PCR negative cases.

Conclusions

Asymptomatic patients, even those with no detectable virus in their saliva, had SARS‐CoV‐2 in their gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy medical staff should be aware of infection when performing procedures. The study was registered as UMIN000040587.
Parents’ perspectives on nusinersen treatment for children with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: van Kruijsbergen Mette , Schröder Carin D , Ketelaar Marjolijn , van der Pol W Ludo , Cuppen Inge , van der Geest Annette , Asselman Fay‐Lynn , Fischer Maarten J , Visser‐Meily Johanna M A , Kars Marijke C
Published: February 2021

Aim

To gain insight into parents’ perspectives about their decision‐making process concerning nusinersen treatment for their child, including perceived needs and concerns, and to explore factors that influence this process.

Method

This was an exploratory qualitative interview study among parents of children with spinal muscular atrophy types 1 to 3. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Nineteen parents of 16 children representing 13 families participated. A wide variety of perspectives was reported ranging from a biomedical approach, which focused on battling the disease, to a holistic approach, which aimed for a good quality of life for their child. The most important factors that helped parents to decide were honest and neutral communication with their physician and access to available information.

Interpretation

It is important physicians understand that there are different perspectives influencing the decision‐making process. Physicians should create an environment that allows parents to accept or reject treatment by communicating honestly and openly with them and by discussing both options extensively. Clear information about pros and cons, recent developments in research, and the experiences of other parents should be made available to enable parents to make an informed decision.

What this paper adds

Parents perceived different needs and concerns about nusinersen treatment, which emphasized individual differences.

Parents’ perspectives varied from battling the disease to preserving quality of life.

Life expectancy, stopping deterioration, and improving quality of life were the perceived benefits of nusinersen treatment.

Open communication about the pros and cons of treatment with clinicians facilitated decision‐making.

Clear and honest information facilitated the alignment of values and goals.
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome with tetralogy of fallot and patent ductus arteriosus at 14 weeks of gestation and follow‐up 2 weeks later: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Song Yan , Zou Yu‐fen , Ru Yan‐hui , Qiu Jing , Yin Hong
Published: February 2021

Classical absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) with tetralogy of fallot (TOF) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly commonly associated with the absence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which is mostly diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation by fetal echocardiography. This case of APVS with TOF was suspected at 13 weeks of gestation and diagnosed at 14 weeks of gestation with an obvious PDA. The pulmonary arterial trunk and the branches did not dilate obviously. Fifteen days later, the PDA narrowed down with the discovery of pulmonary artery ectasia at the same time. This progress indicated that the absence of PDA is not necessary for the survival of APVS with TOF in utero, in contrast, the absence or restriction of PDA may be nothing less than adaptation to the disease. Fetal autopsy confirmed the accuracy of fetal echocardiography. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) showed 20p12 deletion in this fetus, which is rare among TOF cases.
Comprehensive estimation of spatial and temporal migratory connectivity across the annual cycle to direct conservation efforts
Authors: Knight Elly C. , Harrison Autumn‐Lynn , Scarpignato Amy L. , Van Wilgenburg Steven L. , Bayne Erin M. , Ng Janet W. , Angell Emily , Bowman R. , Brigham R. Mark , Drolet Bruno , Easton Wendy E. , Forrester Timothy R. , Foster Jeffrey T. , Haché Samuel , Hannah Kevin C. , Hick Kristina G. , Ibarzabal Jacques , Imlay Tara L. , Mackenzie Stuart A. , Marsh Alan , McGuire Liam P. , Newberry Gretchen N. , Newstead David , Sidler Andrea , Sinclair Pam H. , Stephens Jaime L. , Swanson David L. , Tremblay Junior A. , Marra Peter P.
Published: February 2021

Migratory connectivity is the degree to which populations are linked in space and time across the annual cycle. Low connectivity indicates mixing of populations while high connectivity indicates population separation in space or time. High migratory connectivity makes individual populations susceptible to local environmental conditions; therefore, evaluating migratory connectivity continuously across a species range is important for understanding differential population trends and revealing places and times contributing to these differences. The common nighthawk Chordeiles minor is a widespread, declining, long‐distance migratory bird. Variable population trends across the nighthawk breeding range suggest that knowledge of migratory connectivity is needed to direct conservation. We used GPS tags to track 52 individuals from 12 breeding populations. We estimated migratory connectivity as 0.29 (Mantel coefficient: 0 = no connectivity, 1 = full connectivity) between the breeding and wintering grounds. We then estimated migratory connectivity at every latitude (spatial connectivity) or day (temporal connectivity) of migration and smoothed those migratory connectivity estimates to produce continuous migratory connectivity ‘profiles'. Spatial and temporal connectivity were highest during migration through North America (around 0.3–0.6), with values generally around 0 in Central and South America due to mixing of populations along a common migratory route and similar migration timing across populations. We found local peaks in spatial and temporal connectivity during migration associated with crossing the Gulf of Mexico. We used simulations to estimate the probability that our method missed peaks (spatial: 0.12, temporal: 0.18) or detected false peaks (spatial: 0.11, temporal: 0.37) due to data gaps and showed that our approach remains useful even for sparse and/or sporadic location data. Our study presents a generalizable approach to evaluating migratory connectivity across the full annual cycle that can be used to focus migratory bird conservation towards places and times of the annual cycle where populations are more likely to be limited.
Persistent increases of PKMζ in memory‐activated neurons trace LTP maintenance during spatial long‐term memory storage
Authors: Hsieh Changchi , Tsokas Panayiotis , Grau‐Perales Alejandro , Lesburguères Edith , Bukai Joseph , Khanna Kunal , Chorny Joelle , Chung Ain , Jou Claudia , Burghardt Nesha S. , Denny Christine A. , Flores‐Obando Rafael E. , Hartley Benjamin Rush , Rodríguez Valencia Laura Melissa , Hernández A. Iván , Bergold Peter J. , Cottrell James E. , Alarcon Juan Marcos , Fenton André Antonio , Sacktor Todd Charlton
Published: February 2021

PKMζ is an autonomously active PKC isoform crucial for the maintenance of synaptic long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term memory. Unlike other kinases that are transiently stimulated by second messengers, PKMζ is persistently activated through sustained increases in protein expression of the kinase. Therefore, visualizing increases in PKMζ expression during long‐term memory storage might reveal the sites of its persistent action and thus the location of memory‐associated LTP maintenance in the brain. Using quantitative immunohistochemistry validated by the lack of staining in PKMζ‐null mice, we examined the amount and distribution of PKMζ in subregions of the hippocampal formation of wild‐type mice during LTP maintenance and spatial long‐term memory storage. During LTP maintenance in hippocampal slices, PKMζ increases in the pyramidal cell body and stimulated dendritic layers of CA1 for at least 2 hr. During spatial memory storage, PKMζ increases in CA1 pyramidal cells for at least 1 month, paralleling the persistence of the memory. During the initial expression of the memory, we tagged principal cells with immediate‐early gene Arc promoter‐driven transcription of fluorescent proteins. The subset of memory‐tagged CA1 cells selectively increases expression of PKMζ during memory storage, and the increase persists in dendritic compartments within stratum radiatum for 1 month, indicating long‐term storage of information in the CA3‐to‐CA1 pathway. We conclude that persistent increases in PKMζ trace the molecular mechanism of LTP maintenance and thus the sites of information storage within brain circuitry during long‐term memory.
Short‐termism, shareholder payouts and investment in the EU
Authors: Fried Jesse M. , Wang Charles C. Y.
Published: February 2021

Investor‐driven 'short‐termism' is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is incomplete and misleading: it ignores large offsetting equity issuances that move capital from investors to EU firms. We show that, over the last 30 years and the last decade, net shareholder payouts have been moderate and investment and cash balances have increased. In sum, the data provide little basis for the view that short‐termism in the EU warrants corporate governance reforms.
Perceived Child Difficultness, Emotion Dysregulation, and Emotion‐Related Parenting among Chinese Parents
Authors: Cui Lixian , Zhang Xutong , Han Zhuo Rachel
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the integrative effects of parents’ perceptions of child difficultness and parental emotion dysregulation on emotion‐related parenting among a group of Chinese parents of school‐age children. One hundred and fifty parent–child dyads (121 biological mothers and 29 biological fathers as primary caregivers; Mage = 39.22 years) from urban Beijing, China participated in the study. Parents reported on their own emotion dysregulation and their children’s difficultness, as well as their emotion socialization practices. Children (Mage = 8.54 years; ranged from 6 to 12 years) reported on their parents’ use of psychological control strategies. Main and interactive effects were tested using path analysis. Results indicated that parents’ perceived child difficultness was negatively associated with supportive reactions to children’s expression of negative emotions, and parental emotion dysregulation was positively associated with unsupportive reactions. When parents perceived their children to be difficult and also reported emotion regulation difficulties of their own, they showed the highest levels of psychological control (child reports). These findings suggest differential effects of parent cognition and emotion on supportive and unsupportive reactions to children’s negative emotions. Both cognition and emotion play important roles in relation to parents’ use of psychological control.
Growth in surrounding consumer amenities: The economic externality of urban parks
Authors: Long Fenjie , Shi Lang
Published: February 2021

Many cities in China have issued various policies aimed at strengthening the investment and construction of urban parks to promote ecological development. An urban park is often considered by scholars and policy makers only in terms of its ecological and social values. However, its economic externalities have not been studied fully. This paper adopts Points of Interest data to identify and measure the impact of urban park opening on surrounding consumer amenities, based on a difference‐in‐differences model. The empirical results show that the newly built parks in Guiyang, also known as the “Thousand‐park City,” promote the surrounding consumer amenities, especially dining and daily‐life services. Besides, parks in different locations and with different characteristics show heterogeneity in this spill‐over effect. This study enriches the understanding of the economic roles of urban parks, provides references for the planning of urban green space, and supports the urban synchronous economic and ecological development mode to some extent.
Drosophila telomere capping protein HOAP interacts with DSB sensor proteins Mre11 and Nbs
Authors: On Kinyo , Crevel Gilles , Cotterill Sue , Itoh Masanobu , Kato Yasuko
Published: February 2021

In eukaryotes, specific DNA‐protein structures called telomeres exist at linear chromosome ends. Telomere stability is maintained by a specific capping protein complex. This capping complex is essential for the inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) at telomeres and contributes to genome integrity. In Drosophila, the central factors of telomere capping complex are HOAP and HipHop. Furthermore, a DDR protein complex Mre11‐Rad50‐Nbs (MRN) is known to be important for the telomere association of HOAP and HipHop. However, whether MRN interacts with HOAP and HipHop, and the telomere recognition mechanisms of HOAP and HipHop are poorly understood. Here, we show that Nbs interacts with Mre11 and transports the Mre11‐Rad50 complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, we report that HOAP interacts with both Mre11 and Nbs. The N‐terminal region of HOAP is essential for its co‐localization with HipHop. Finally, we reveal that Nbs interacts with the N‐terminal region of HOAP.
Reverse hybrid therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Yi , Ouyang Yaobin , Zhu Yin , Lu Nong‐Hua
Published: February 2021

Background

The efficacy and safety of reverse hybrid therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remained unclear.

Materials and Methods

This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2009 guidelines. A systematic search of the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane database was conducted using the combination of “Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori or Hp” and “hybrid”. The primary endpoint of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of reverse hybrid therapy; the second endpoint was to evaluate the efficacy of reverse hybrid therapy among the strains with antibiotic resistance and the compliance, safety of reverse hybrid therapy.

Results

Four studies with 1530 participants were included. The crude H. pylori eradication rate of reverse hybrid therapy was 95.5% (737/772) and 96.2% (701/729) by ITT and PP analysis, respectively. There is no statistical significance of efficacy between reverse hybrid therapy and control according to ITT (pooled rate: 96% vs. 94%, RR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.95–1.05, p = .28) and PP (pooled rate: 96% vs. 94%, RR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.99–1.06, p = .23) analysis. The effect of reverse hybrid therapy in strains with isolated clarithromycin resistance (pooled rate: 89% vs. 65%, RR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.77–1.66, p = .53), metronidazole resistance (pooled rate: 91% vs. 81%, RR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.96–1.05, p = .85), and dual clarithromycin‐metronidazole resistance (pooled rate: 86% vs. 83%, RR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.69–1.27, p = .69) showed no superior to that of control. The compliance of reverse hybrid therapy is 96%, and side effect is slightly lower to that of control group.

Conclusion

Reverse hybrid therapy shows good efficacy, safety, and compliance in the treatment of H. pylori infection. However, its application for H. pylori treatment in regions with high antibiotic resistance need to be further explored.
Physicochemical and emulsifying properties of whey protein isolate (WPI)‐polydextrose conjugates prepared via Maillard reaction
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhu Xiaofei , Jiang Yang , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Huang Qingrong , Li Feng , Li Dapeng
Published: February 2021

In this study, whey protein isolate (WPI) and polydextrose (PDX) were used to produce WPI‐PDX covalent conjugates via dry‐heating Maillard reaction, and their characteristics and functional properties including abilities to emulsify and stabilise the corn germ oil/water emulsions were measured. Compared with WPI alone, the WPI‐PDX conjugates had higher water solubility and DPPH radical scavenging ability, and the derived emulsions exhibited good storage stability over 60 days prepared under these conditions: reaction time 24 h, conjugate concentration 4–6%, oil fraction ratio 0.6 and emulsion system pH 3–8. Further, we found that the emulsion possessed the best storage stability under the condition of 4% WPI‐PDX conjugates and 0.6% oil fraction. These results provide a potent to prepare a beneficial Maillard conjugation following an optimised reaction condition and highlight the potential use of WPI‐PDX conjugates as the emulsifier in food industry.
“Hikikomori” and Dependency on Family: Focusing on Father–Son Relationships
Authors: Sekimizu Teppei
Published: February 2021

Hikikomori is a Japanese term referring to the condition of being “shut‐in” or someone with that condition. Japanese national surveys indicated that the total number of hikikomori is over one million. This paper seeks to elucidate the “hikikomori” problem faced by families and connect those microscopic experiences to a macroscopic common problem related to some social backgrounds of Japanese society. For the study, I examined statistical data from national and KHJ (a nationwide organization of hikikomori families) surveys, and case studies of fathers of hikikomori sons. One of the main findings was that the common problem of families with hikikomori people is not the shut‐in condition of them, but the “dependency” of these adult‐aged children. Fathers' attempts to reduce the dependency included encouraging their sons to secure stable employment or connect them to adequate social security, such as public assistance. However, these efforts are often ineffectual because of social structural backgrounds: transformation of the labor market, inadequate social security, and the infinite duty of family to sustain children. This paper also focused on the policies of the “Japanese model of welfare society” as a political factor that reinforced the family dependency by developing a combination of workfare regime and familialism. The Japanese model of welfare society assumes that the employment of men as breadwinners would be stable. Instability of the employment of men makes the model dysfunctional. The expansion of the hikikomori problem as a family dependency problem is evidence of the dysfunction of the model.
Onward migration and intra‐European mobilities: A critical and theoretical overview
Authors: Della Puppa Francesco , Montagna Nicola , Kofman Eleonore
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to give a theoretical introduction on onward migration and provide a review of empirical research on this topic in the EU. While there is a growing body of work on the topic, this still remains an under‐researched phenomenon. Existing studies have looked at different, often overlapping, dimensions of onward migration and how it may be an effect of mobility capital or influenced by variables as diverse as economic crises, gender, country of origin, age and skills. In this article, we proceed by isolating some of these variables and identify common issues across research. The first section provides some defining points and conceptualizes different types of onward movement. The second section focuses on different dimensions of onward migration and highlights some key areas examined by research such as push and pull factors, different forms of capital including the role of EU citizenship and the economic crisis of 2008.
Effects of allogenic acellular dermal matrix combined with autologous razor‐thin graft on hand appearance and function of patients with extensive burn combined with deep hand burn
Authors: Shang Feng , Hou Qiang
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to observe the effect of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) combined with autologous razor‐thin graft on the appearance and function of hands in patients with extremely large area burns combined with deep hand burns. Sixty‐four patients with severe burn combined with deep burn of the hand in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2019 were selected as the study subjects. All patients were randomly divided into the study group (32 cases, given allogeneic ADM combined with autologous razor‐thin graft) and the control group (32 cases, given autologous scar tissue combined with autologous razor‐thin graft). Hand appearance, wound healing, wound contraction, hand function, and quality of life were compared between the two groups at 3 and 6 months after treatment. The vascular distribution, skin thickness, and flexibility scores of the two groups 6 months post operation were lower than those of the 3 months post operation (P < .05). At 6 months after operation, there were significant differences in blood vessel distribution, skin thickness, flexibility, and colour between the two groups (P < .05). The wound healing rate and wound contraction rate of the two groups at 6 months after operation were higher than those at 3 months after operation (P < .05). The wound healing rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P < .05), but there was no significant difference in the wound contraction rate between the two groups. Hand function was better in both groups 6 months after operation than 3 months after operation (P < .05). The hand function of the experimental group was better than that of the control group at 3 and 6 months after operation (P < .05). The quality of life in the two groups at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that at 3 months after operation, and the quality of life in the study group was consistently higher than that in the control group (P < .05). Allogeneic ADM combined with razor‐thin graft in the treatment of patients with extensive burns and deep hand burns can effectively restore the shape and function of the hand, which is conducive to wound healing and improve the quality of life of patients, and it is worthy of wide clinical application.
Inequities in diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome in Colombia
Authors: Saldarriaga‐Gil Wilmar , Cabal‐Herrera Ana Maria , Fandiño‐Losada Andrés , Vásquez Andrés , Hagerman Randi , Tassone Flora
Published: February 2021

Background

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In Colombia, there are no screening or testing protocols established for the diagnosis of FXS. In this study, we aimed to describe the diagnostic trends of FXS in Colombia.

Methods

Data were included on 1322 individuals obtained based on data from the only 2 databases available. Sociodemographic information and data related to the diagnostic process were obtained and included in this study.

Results

The average age at the time of diagnosis for individuals with the full mutation (FM) was of 26.9 ± 2.57 years and was strongly dependent on sex and socioeconomic status. Most individuals with a molecular diagnosis were from the main cities.

Conclusion

The overall age of diagnosis of FXS is later in life than reports from other countries. Restricted access to molecular testing through the national health system might explain this discrepancy in Colombia.
Should reduction of increased short‐term blood pressure variability be a target of antihypertensive therapy?
Authors: Mulè’ Giuseppe , Sorce Alessandra , Vario Maria Giovanna , Giambrone Marta , Cottone Santina
Published: February 2021

It has long been known that blood pressure (BP) is characterized by marked short‐term fluctuations occurring within a 24‐h period and also by long‐term oscillations occurring over more prolonged periods of time. An increased short‐term blood pressure variability (BPV) appears to importantly contribute to target organ damage and to the enhanced cardiovascular risk of hypertensive patients, over and above the effect of an increase in mean BP levels. Reducing 24‐h mean BP is the main aim of antihypertensive therapy, but initial data are available that additional cardiovascular protection can be achieved by reducing BPV. However, to definitively prove the prognostic role of short‐term BPV and the need for its control by treatment, evidence is still needed from intervention trials aimed at demonstrating that by reducing BPV through administration of antihypertensive drugs, a reduction in organ damage and in the rate of cardiovascular events can be obtained.
AMPK inhibits Smad3‐mediated autoinduction of TGF‐β1 in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Zou Junrong , Li Cong , Jiang Shanshan , Luo Lingyu , Yan Xiaohua , Huang Deqiang , Luo Zhijun
Published: February 2021

We have previously shown that adenine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)‐triggered Smad3 phosphorylation. Here we report that AMPK inhibits TGF‐β1 production. First, metformin reduced mRNA levels of TGF‐β1 in gastric cancer cells, in parallel to the decrease of its protein abundance. The effects were more prominent in the cells containing LKB1, an upstream kinase of AMPK. Second, knockdown of Smad3 by siRNA abrogated the expression of TGF‐β1. Third, metformin suppressed firefly luciferase activity whose transcription was driven by TGF‐β1 promoter. In accordance, deletion of the putative binding site of Smad3 in the TGF‐β1 promoter region severely impaired the promoter activity and response to metformin. Fourth, in support of our in vitro study, clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes with metformin significantly reduced the plasma level of TGF‐β1. Finally, immunohistochemical studies revealed that TGF‐β1 was highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues as compared with adjacent normal tissues. In contrast, p‐AMPK exhibited opposite changes. Furthermore, the survival rate of gastric cancer patients was positively correlated with p‐AMPK and negative with TGF‐β1. Therefore, our present studies depict a mechanism underlying AMPK suppression of TGF‐β1 autoinduction, which is mediated through inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation and activation. Collectively, our study sheds a light on the potential usage of AMPK activators in the treatment of TGF‐β1‐mediated gastric cancer progression.
Prospective impact of COVID‐19 on mental health functioning in adolescents with and without ADHD: protective role of emotion regulation abilities
Authors: Breaux Rosanna , Dvorsky Melissa R. , Marsh Nicholas P. , Green Cathrin D. , Cash Annah R. , Shroff Delshad M. , Buchen Natalie , Langberg Joshua M. , Becker Stephen P.
Published: February 2021

Background

The impact of chronic stressors like the COVID‐19 pandemic is likely to be magnified in adolescents with pre‐existing mental health risk, such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined changes in and predictors of adolescent mental health from before to during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States.

Methods

Participants include 238 adolescents (132 males; ages 15–17; 118 with ADHD). Parents and adolescents provided ratings of mental health symptoms shortly before the COVID‐19 pandemic and in spring and summer 2020.

Results

Adolescents on average experienced an increase in depression, anxiety, sluggish cognitive tempo, inattentive, and oppositional/defiant symptoms from pre‐COVID‐19 to spring 2020; however, with the exception of inattention, these symptoms decreased from spring to summer 2020. Adolescents with ADHD were more likely than adolescents without ADHD to experience an increase in inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and oppositional/defiant symptoms. Adolescents with poorer pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation abilities were at‐risk for experiencing increases in all mental health symptoms relative to adolescents with better pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation abilities. Interactive risk based on ADHD status and pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation abilities was found for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, such that adolescents with ADHD and poor pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation displayed the highest symptomatology across timepoints. Lower family income related to increases in inattention but higher family income related to increases in oppositional/defiant symptoms.

Conclusions

The early observed increases in adolescent mental health symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic do not on average appear to be sustained following the lift of stay‐at‐home orders, though studies evaluating mental health across longer periods of time are needed. Emotion dysregulation and ADHD increase risk for sustained negative mental health functioning and highlight the need for interventions for these populations during chronic stressors. Results and clinical implications should be considered within the context of our predominately White, middle class sample.
EuroGuiDerm Guideline on the systemic treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris – Part 2: specific clinical and comorbid situations
Authors: Nast A. , Smith C. , Spuls P.I. , Avila Valle G. , Bata‐Csörgö Z. , Boonen H. , De Jong E. , Garcia‐Doval I. , Gisondi P. , Kaur‐Knudsen D. , Mahil S. , Mälkönen T. , Maul J.T. , Mburu S. , Mrowietz U. , Reich K. , Remenyik E. , Rønholt K.M. , Sator P.G. , Schmitt‐Egenolf M. , Sikora M. , Strömer K. , Sundnes O. , Trigos D. , Van Der Kraaij G. , Yawalkar N. , Dressler C.
Published: February 2021

This evidence‐ and consensus‐based guideline on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was developed following the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. The second part of the guideline provides guidance for specific clinical and comorbid situations such as treating psoriasis vulgaris patient with concomitant psoriatic arthritis, concomitant inflammatory bowel disease, a history of malignancies or a history of depression or suicidal ideation. It further holds recommendations for concomitant diabetes, viral hepatitis, disease affecting the heart or the kidneys as well as concomitant neurological disease. Advice on how to screen for tuberculosis and recommendations on how to manage patients with a positive tuberculosis test result are given. It further covers treatment for pregnant women or patients with a wish for a child in the near future. Information on vaccination, immunogenicity and systemic treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic is also provided.