bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Storage Infrastructure for Big Data and Cloud
Authors: Raman Anupama C.
Published: March 2014

Unstructured data is growing exponentially. Present day storage infrastructures like Storage Area Networks and Network Attached Storage are not very suitable for storing huge volumes of unstructured data. This has led to the development of new types of storage technologies like object-based storage. Huge amounts of both structured and unstructured data that needs to be made available in real time for analytical insights is referred to as Big Data. On account of the distinct nature of big data, the storage infrastructures for storing big data should possess some specific features. In this chapter, the authors examine the various storage technology options that are available nowadays and their suitability for storing big data. This chapter also provides a bird's eye view of cloud storage technology, which is used widely for big data storage.
Big Data Architecture
Authors: Duggirala Siddhartha
Published: March 2014

With the unprecedented increase in data sources, the question of how to collect them efficiently, effectively, and elegantly, store them securely and safely, leverage those stocked, polished, and maintained data in a smarter manner so that industry experts can plan ahead, take informed decisions, and execute them in a knowledgeable fashion remains. This chapter clarifies several pertinent questions and related issues with the unprecedented increase in data sources.
NoSQL Databases
Authors: Deka Ganesh Chandra
Published: March 2014

NoSQL databases are designed to meet the huge data storage requirements of cloud computing and big data processing. NoSQL databases have lots of advanced features in addition to the conventional RDBMS features. Hence, the “NoSQL” databases are popularly known as “Not only SQL” databases. A variety of NoSQL databases having different features to deal with exponentially growing data-intensive applications are available with open source and proprietary option. This chapter discusses some of the popular NoSQL databases and their features on the light of CAP theorem.
Data Visualization
Authors: Palaniappan Ravishankar
Published: March 2014

Data visualization has the potential to aid humanity not only in exploring and analyzing large volume datasets but also in identifying and predicting trends and anomalies/outliers in a “simple and consumable” approach. These are vital to good and timely decisions for business advantage. Data Visualization is an active research field, focusing on the different techniques and tools for qualitative exploration in conjunction with quantitative analysis of data. However, an increase in volume, multivariate, frequency, and interrelationships of data will make the data visualization process notoriously difficult. This necessitates “innovative and iterative” display techniques. Either overlooking any dimensions/relationships of data structure or choosing an unfitting visualization method will quickly lead to a humanitarian uninterpretable “junk chart,” which leads to incorrect inferences or conclusions. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the different phases of data visualization and various techniques which help to connect and empower data to mine insights. It exemplifies on how “data visualization” helps to unravel the important, meaningful, and useful insights including trends and outliers from real world datasets, which might otherwise be unnoticed. The use case in this chapter uses both simulated and real-world datasets to illustrate the effectiveness of data visualization.
Big Data Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics
Authors: Deka Ganesh Chandra
Published: March 2014

The Analytics tools are capable of suggesting the most favourable future planning by analyzing “Why” and “How” blended with What, Who, Where, and When. Descriptive, Predictive, and Prescriptive analytics are the analytics currently in use. Clear understanding of these three analytics will enable an organization to chalk out the most suitable action plan taking various probable outcomes into account. Currently, corporate are flooded with structured, semi-structured, unstructured, and hybrid data. Hence, the existing Business Intelligence (BI) practices are not sufficient to harness potentials of this sea of data. This change in requirements has made the cloud-based “Analytics as a Service (AaaS)” the ultimate choice. In this chapter, the recent trends in Predictive, Prescriptive, Big Data analytics, and some AaaS solutions are discussed.
Middleware for Preserving Privacy in Big Data
Authors: Thilagavathi M. , Lopez Daphne , Murugan B. Senthil
Published: March 2014

With increased usage of IT solutions, a huge volume of data is generated from different sources like social networks, CRM, and healthcare applications, to name a few. The size of the data that is generated grows exponentially. As cloud computing provides an optimized, shared, and virtualized IT infrastructure, it is better to leverage the cloud services for storing and processing such Big Data. Securing the data is one of the major challenges in all the domains. Though security and privacy have been talked about for decades, there is still a growing need for high end methods for securing the rampant growth of data. The privacy of personal data, and to be more specific the health data, continues to be an important issue worldwide. Most of the health data in today’s IT world is being computerized. A patient’s health data may portray the different attributes such as his physical and mental health, its severity, financial status, and much more. Moreover, the medical data that are collected from the patients are being shared with other stakeholders of interest like doctors, insurance companies, pharmacies, researchers, and other health care providers. Individuals raise concern about the privacy of their health data in such a shared environment.
Accessing Big Data in the Cloud Using Mobile Devices
Authors: Wang Haoliang , Liu Wei , Soyata Tolga
Published: March 2014

The amount of data acquired, stored, and processed annually over the Internet has exceeded the processing capabilities of modern computer systems, including supercomputers with multiple-Petaflop processing power, giving rise to the term Big Data. Continuous research efforts to implement systems to cope with this insurmountable amount of data are underway. The authors introduce the ongoing research in three different facets: 1) in the Acquisition front, they introduce a concept that has come to the forefront in the past few years: Internet-of-Things (IoT), which will be one of the major sources for Big Data generation in the following decades. The authors provide a brief survey of IoT to understand the concept and the ongoing research in this field. 2) In the Cloud Storage and Processing front, they provide a survey of techniques to efficiently store the acquired Big Data in the cloud, index it, and get it ready for processing. While IoT relates primarily to sensor nodes and thin devices, the authors study this storage and processing aspect of Big Data within the framework of Cloud Computing. 3) In the Mobile Access front, they perform a survey of existing infrastructures to access the Big Data efficiently via mobile devices. This survey also includes intermediate devices, such as a Cloudlet, to accelerate the Big Data collection from IoT and access to Big Data for applications that require response times that are close to real-time.
Medical Data Analytics in the Cloud Using Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Kocabaş Övünç , Soyata Tolga
Published: March 2014

Transitioning US healthcare into the digital era is necessary to reduce operational costs at Healthcare Organizations (HCO) and provide better diagnostic tools for healthcare professionals by making digital patient data available in a timely fashion. Such a transition requires that the Personal Health Information (PHI) is protected in three different phases of the manipulation of digital patient data: 1) Acquisition, 2) Storage, and 3) Computation. While being able to perform analytics or using such PHI for long-term health monitoring can have significant positive impacts on the quality of healthcare, securing PHI in each one of these phases presents unique challenges in each phase. While established encryption techniques, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), can secure PHI in Phases 1 (acquisition) and 2 (storage), they can only assure secure storage. Assuring the data privacy in Phase 3 (computation) is much more challenging, since there exists no method to perform computations, such as analytics and long-term health monitoring, on encrypted data efficiently. In this chapter, the authors study one emerging encryption technique, called Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), as a candidate to perform secure analytics and monitoring on PHI in Phase 3. While FHE is in its developing stages and a mainstream application of it to general healthcare applications may take years to be established, the authors conduct a feasibility study of its application to long-term patient monitoring via cloud-based ECG data acquisition through existing ECG acquisition devices.
Cancelable Fusion of Face and Ear for Secure Multi-Biometric Template
Authors: Paul Padma P. , Gavrilova Marina L.
Published: March 2014

Biometric fusion to achieve multimodality has emerged as a highly successful new approach to combat problems of unimodal biometric system such as intraclass variability, interclass similarity, data quality, non-universality, and sensitivity to noise. The authors have proposed new type of biometric fusion called cancelable fusion. The idea behind the cancelable biometric or cancelability is to transform a biometric data or feature into a new one so that the stored biometric template can be easily changed in a biometric security system. Cancelable fusion does the fusion of multiple biometric trait in addition it preserve the properties of cancelability. In this paper, the authors present a novel architecture for template generation within the context of the cancelable multibiometric fusion. The authors develop a novel cancelable biometric template generation algorithm using cancelable fusion, random projection and transformation-based feature extraction and selection. The authors further validate the performance of the proposed algorithm on a virtual multimodal face and ear database.
Interference Modeling and Analysis in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Zhao Yanxiao , Panigrahi Bighnaraj , Sohraby Kazem , Wang Wei
Published: March 2014

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have received considerable attention and viewed as a promising paradigm for future wireless networking. Its major difference from the traditional wireless networks is that secondary users are allowed to access the channel if they pose no harmful interference to primary users. This distinct feature of CRNs has raised an essential and challenging question, i.e., how to accurately estimate interference to the primary users from the secondary users? In addition, spectrum sensing plays a critical role in CRNs. Secondary users have to sense the channel before they transmit. A two-state sensing model is commonly used, which classifies a channel into either busy or idle state. Secondary users can only utilize a channel when it is detected to be in idle state. In this paper, we tackle the estimation of interference at the primary receiver due to concurrently active secondary users. With the spectrum sensing, secondary users are refrained from transmitting once an active user falls into their sensing range. As a result, the maximum number of simultaneously interfering secondary users is bounded, typically ranging from 1 to 4. This significant conclusion considerably simplifies interference modeling in CRNs. The authors present all the cases with possible simultaneously interfering secondary users. Moreover, the authors derive the probability for each case. Extensive simulations are conducted and results validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Competition-Based Learning
Authors: Issa Ghassan , Hussain Shakir M. , Al-Bahadili Hussein
Published: March 2014

In an effort to enhance the learning process in higher education, a new model for Competition-Based Learning (CBL) is presented. The new model utilizes two well-known learning models, namely, the Project-Based Learning (PBL) and competitions. The new model is also applied in a networked environment with emphasis on collective learning as well as collective outcomes. The new model, which is referred to as CBL, provides educators with an alternative solution to overcome many of student's deficiencies associated with traditional learning practices; such as lack of motivation, lack of self esteem, insufficient practical and real-life experience, and inadequate team work practices. The new CBL model makes a clear distinction between PBL and competitions and CBL. It avoids the disadvantages of competitions, while at the same time gaining from the many benefits of PBL. Identification features of CBL, components of CBL, as well as advantages are presented. An open source Learning Management System (LMS), namely, Moodle is used for the implementation of a networked environment to support CBL.
Subject Specialization and Science Teachers’ Perception of Information and Communication Technology for Instruction in Kwara State
Authors: Fakomogbon Michael Ayodele , Adebayo Rachael Funmi , Adegbija Mosiforeba Victoria , Shittu Ahmed Tajudeen , Oyelekan Oloyede Solomon
Published: March 2014

This study examined Kwara State secondary school science teachers’ perception of ICT for instruction based on their area of specialization. Participants were 630 science teachers of Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics from both public and private senior secondary schools in 12 Local Government Areas in Kwara State. The data collected through questionnaires tagged Science Teachers Information and Communication Technology Perception Questionnaire (STICOTEPQ) were analysed using frequency count, mean, chi-square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics. Findings revealed that (i) the science teachers’ perception of ICT was generally positively low and (ii) there was significant difference in the secondary school science teachers’ perception of ICT for instruction based on their area of specialization{F(3,252) = 50.323, p<0.05}with the Biology teachers having the highest level of perception while the Mathematics teachers had the lowest perception. The implication of this study was that should the secondary school science teachers remain at this level of perception of ICT for instruction, the probability that ICT will be used for classroom instruction in Kwara State is very low. It was therefore recommended that ICT should be fully integrated into science teacher education at the Colleges of Education and the Universities and that Kwara State Government should formulate a programme of ICT training and retraining of teachers currently in service as a way of improving their perception of the use of ICT for instruction.
Australian Academic Leaders’ Perceptions of the Teaching–Research–Industry–Learning Nexus in Information and Communications Technology Education
Authors: McGill Tanya , Armarego Jocelyn , Koppi Tony
Published: March 2014

Strengthening the teaching-research-industry-learning (TRIL) nexus in information, communications and technology (ICT) education has been proposed as a way of achieving improvements in student learning (Koppi & Naghdy, 2009). The research described in this paper builds on previous work to provide a broader understanding of the potential outcomes associated with the TRIL nexus in relation to ICT education. It presents the results of a survey, of Australian ICT academic leaders, designed to clarify the outcomes associated with the TRIL nexus, and to investigate how the synergies associated with it can be better exploited. The results show that the benefits of strong relationships between aspects of teaching, learning, research and industry are recognized and emphasized in Australian universities, but that further action is needed to strengthen relationships with the industry component of the TRIL nexus. Recommendations to help achieve this are made.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of Desulfurization Gypsum-Based Self-Leveling Material
Authors: Li Lin Lin , Li Guo Zhong
Published: March 2014

In this paper self-leveling floor material with flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was studied. Gypsum-based self-leveling materials was prepared with desulfurization gypsum as binder and added fly ashadmixture Aadmixture B and four kinds of water reducing agents. The result indicated that HC multi-carboxylic acid based super plasticizer demonstrates excellent workability and better compatibility with gypsum, when its content was 1.0%, the fluidity of slurry met the demands of 145mm±5mm. Adding re-dispersible polymer powder to enhance the strength of desulfurization gypsum, the results showed that when its content was 3%, the adhesive strength of sample was increased to 1.21MPa that could meet the performance requirements of self-leveling floor material.
A New Backward/Forward Algorithm for Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation
Authors: Jiang Feng Li , Piao Zai Lin , Wang Li Di
Published: March 2014

According to the analysis of the network topological structure, an improved backward/forward sweep algorithm was proposed. The algorithm can be applied for weakly meshed distribution systems with distributed generation (DG). The method developed an incidence matrixbranch current-bus current injection matrix. A meshed network was converted to a radial network by breaking the loops at the ending nodes of link branches. The mathematical models of DG were established as PV and PQ node. For PV nodes, this paper used a dummy node and dummy branch which inject reactive power to the specified node to maintain the specified voltage value. IEEE 33-bus test feeder was used to verify the correctness and convergence of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the impact of both weakly meshed and DG on voltage profile and convergence was also investigated.
Posture Control of a Reconfigurable Mobile Vehicle with Legged Mode
Authors: Tian Jian Ying , Li Pei Yu , Li Ya Ping , Zhao Hong Hua
Published: March 2014

Aiming at the moving requests of the miniature mobile vehicle under the environment of indoors and outdoors, A small track-wheel-legged mobile vehicle was developed in this paper. Many desired locomotion modes such as wheeled, tracked and legged locomotion can be realized by utilizing its independently actuated arms up and down. In order to have good adaptability, high maneuverability of obstacle negotiation and high locomotion security, the kinematic modelling was described, kinematic equations were derived, and optimization control was realized based on the analysis of the stability characteristics with wheel-legged locomotion, which can realize the posture control of mobile vehicle, so that the vehicle has the abilities of maintaining relatively stability of the body over uneven ground,. and these abilities are of great significance to stable operation and vision control of the vehicle.
Design and Kick Analysis of a Soccer Playing Robot
Authors: Alamgir Hossain , Rahid Zaman , Miftahur Rahman , Masud Raihan , Fardan Abdullah , Yeasin A. Bhuiyan
Published: March 2014

For the implementation of an idea, it is essential to have a full engineering system design, simulation and analysis. MISTBOY is such a dream-bot which can perform football skills like a human being. This is an on going humanoid robot project, initially having 17 DoF, 55 cm height and 5 kg weight. In this paper, the initial step towards the making of a humanoid robot is discussed and the balancing and structural analysis through mathematical derivation and simulation are also presented here with good result. This paper is focused on forward kinematics, trajectory planning, balancing, force and torque calculation and kick analysis.
Study on the Vacuum Insulation Panel Protected by Silicone Rubber
Authors: Wang Lu , Chen Zhao Feng , Wu Cao , Guan Sheng Nan
Published: March 2014

This paper uses molding process to prepare a new kind of pipe insulation material, called silicone rubber-vacuum insulation panel (SR-VIP), which consists of a silicone rubber layer, a VIP layer and silicone rubber layer, making the composite sandwich structure. The thermal consuctivity of the composite is as low as 0.005 W/m·K. The tensile strength, tear strength, compression strength and compression set of the composite are 7.8MPa, 22N/mm, 65Mpa, 25%, respectively. Compared with traditional foam insulation materials, the composite possesses superior thermal insulating properties and mechanical properties.
Bus-Clamping Based Improved Discrete Duty Ratio Control Technology of Direct Torque Control for Induction Motors
Authors: Yu Hong Xia , Li Chuang
Published: March 2014

One of the disadvantages of traditional direct torque control is high torque ripple, A method of reduce torque ripple was proposed basing bus-clamping and duty ratio control technique in this paper. Firstly, the switch vector table with bus-clamping technology was improved by analyzing the role of zero voltage vector to reduce torque ripple in different sector of voltage. Secondly, on the base of combing the improved bus-clamping direct torque control (BCDTC) and discrete duty ratio control (DDRC), a new switch vector table with discrete duty ratio and bus clamping was designed by analyzing the role of zero voltage vector to reduce torque ripple in different speed range. Finally, simulations are performed to verify the proposed strategies.
Design of a Load Lift PLC Control System
Authors: Yang Hai Yan
Published: March 2014

PLC control system in heavy lift improved the lift performance. It became more intelligent, simple operation and running . The design uses frequency converters as executive agencies to design a system to control 3-layer lift, so as to realize the normal operation of its various works.
Application of GPC Algorithm in Level Control System
Authors: Wu Yan Xiang , Gao Zhong Yong
Published: March 2014

In order to improve the dependability and security of the lever control system, we introduced the generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm. We used MATLAB/Simulink program development tools to control the double capacity water tank. At first, we used the water tank level control device as the object and set up a mathematical model of the control system. Then we put forward the generalized predictive control algorithm based on the model. The simulation results show that the presented algorithm has a good dynamic response performance, fast-track settings, and a preferable control effect. Experimental results show that the improved methods are reasonable and practicable.
Influence of Limestone Powder on the Performance of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Dong Yun , Xiao Kai Tao , Yang Hua Quan
Published: March 2014

This paper study on the mortar strength, particle gradation and mortar fluidity of binary and ternary systems for cementitious materials with limestone powder or fly ash, analyze the influence of limestone powders with different specific surface areas and contents on the performance of cementitious materials; and research the performance of limestone powder in cementitious materials by means of micro analysis. The result shows that the limestone powder can not only work as the filling material, but also speed up the early hydration of cement in the cementitious material system.
Comparison of Servo Positioning Performance of Pneumatic Cylinders Using Proportional Valve Method and PWM Control Method
Authors: Mohan B. , Saravanakumar D.
Published: March 2014

Servo pneumatics is a mechatronic approach that enables accurate position control of pneumatic drives with high speed. The current study presents a comparison of two servo techniques for position control of pneumatic cylinders. One method uses a proportional valve and another method uses PWM controlled solenoid valves. Mathematical models of the system including the nonlinearities such as mass flow rate, pressure in cylinder chambers and frictional forces are presented in this paper. Using the simulation model created in Matlab-Simulink software, the two systems are analyzed for tracking performances. From the responses it is observed that the proportional valve technique has better tracking characteristics than PWM control technique.
Application of Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control for Rotor Side Converter of DFIG Based WPGS
Authors: Si Wen Jian , Zhang Nan
Published: March 2014

PI control strategy was introduced into rotor side converter of DFIG control with the mathematical models and the structure of stator flux-oriented vector control. As the main problem of conventional PID controller with parameters fixed in the whole control process, and influence of three PID control parameters can not be distinguished between different stages, so, the adaptive fuzzy PID control was introduced into RSC control system. The parameters were tuned by adaptive fuzzy control, the design of membership was designed and the control feature was verified with simulation.
Study on Key Technology for Local Installation of Protection and Monitoring Device at Low Temperature
Authors: Sun Yan
Published: March 2014

In terms of manufacture, operation and other aspects, many investigations, tests and analysis on microcomputer-based protection and monitoring device are made to overcome the problems brought by low temperature when installing the protection and monitoring device. This study reveals that ambient temperature has made an influence on protection devices components and display device and proposes the proper range of temperature and solutions. Also, the study solves the difficulties on the device installed locally at low temperature.
An Introductory Review of Mechanical Reliability Testing
Authors: Zhang Zong Zhi , Qin Jun Qi , Di Chang Chun , Wang Dong
Published: March 2014

Mechanical reliability testing is the focus in the research of reliability testing at present. The basic concepts of reliability testing are introduced. Names of reliability testing are sorted. Characteristics of mechanical reliability testing are discussed. The key issues of mechanical reliability testing and its development are then reviewed. Finally, some possible fields in the research are summarized.
Three Modeling Methods Application in Near-Infrared Spectra Analysis for Determination of Volatile in Lignite Coal Samples
Authors: Yang Xiao Li , Wang Fan
Published: March 2014

We studied volatile determination in lignite coal samples using near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Firstly, spectra were pre-processed to eliminate useless information. Then, determination model was constructed by partial least squares regression. We used discrete wavelet transform to pre-processing. To study the influence of modeling on determination of volatile for NIR analysis of lignite coal samples, we applied three techniques to build determination model, including support vector regression, partial least square regression and radial basis function neural network. Comparison of the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of the models show that the models constructed with radial basis function neural network gave the best results.
Feature Extraction for Bearing Prognostics Based on Continuous Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Kang Jian She , Zhang Xing Hui , Zhao Jin Song , Xiao Lei
Published: March 2014

Many research papers implemented fault diagnosis and prognosis when there are many history data. However, for some capital and high reliability equipment, it is very difficult to acquire some run-to-failure data. In this case, the fault diagnosis and prognosis become very hard. In order to address this issue, continuous hidden Markov model (CHMM) is used to track the degradation process in this paper. With the degradation, the log-likelihood which is the output of CHMM will decrease gradually. Therefore, this indicator can be used to evaluate the health condition of monitored equipment. Finally, bearing run-to-failure data sets are used to validate the model’s effectiveness
The Electric Vehicle Development: Experiences Aboard and Enlightenment to China
Authors: Wang Jing Yu , Liu Ying Qi , Kokko Ari
Published: March 2014

In order to respond to the energy crisis and environment problem, countries carry out their research and promotion about electric vehicles. As the ten cities one thousand new energy buses started in 2009, the new energy vehicles have been greatly developed in China, while the development of electric vehicles is not that good. This paper selects four cities-Los Angeles, Kanagawa, Hamburg, Amsterdam-that promote electric vehicles successfully and deeply analyzes the development of electric vehicles in these four cities and analyzes the factors that affect the development of electric vehicles in three aspects-city environment, government and stakeholders. Then the paper discusses the promotion ways and role of government and consumer. Finally, the paper offers some suggestions to promote electric vehicles in China: focusing on feasibility and adaptability of electric vehicles, playing government`s leading role, improving low-awareness and acceptance of electric vehicles and focusing on user requirements.
W-Cu Nano-Composite Powders Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Xie Jing Pei , Liu Shu , Ma Dou Qin , Wang Feng Mei , Wang Ai Qin , Li Ji Wen , Wang Wen Yan
Published: March 2014

The grain size of W-Cu nanocomposites would greatly affect the density of W-Cu alloy. In this work, W-Cu oxide nanocomposite powders were prepared by sodium tungstate and copper nitrate via hydrothermal method, and W-Cu nanocomposite powders were obtained by subsequently co-reduction process. The characterization of W-Cu nanocomposite powders were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrum analysis (EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results indicated that hydrothermal method was a good method for the preparation of W-Cu oxide nanocomposite powders. W-Cu nanocomposite powders, whose grain size was about 70nm and distributed uniformity, were manufactured by co-reduction process.
Studies on the Way of Obtain C2H3+ by C5H8O+ Small Fragments Calculation
Authors: Chen Hong Bin , Zhu Ying , Wu Jie
Published: March 2014

We Study the Stable Configuration of C5H8O+ by the Method of B3. Using the CIS(Configuration Interaction with Single Substitute) Method, and 6-31+G (d, p) Basis Set, we Calculated the Frequency of Excited State of Cyclopentanone Ion Molecule. Studies on the Possible way of Obtain C2H3+ Small Fragments by Cyclopentanone Ion.
Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis of Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Annealed AA7075-TiC Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Baskaran S. , Anandakrishnan V. , Durai Selvam Muthukannan , Raghuraman S. , Muthaiyaa V.M. Illayaraja
Published: March 2014

The optimization of dry sliding wear process parameters of in-situ aluminium based metal matrix composites to obtain multiple objectives to minimize wear rate, specific wear rate, co-efficient of friction and maximize wear resistance was attempted by Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis. Moreover to identify the significance of the parameters, a statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance. Based on the analysis, the sliding speed was identified as the major contributor with 71.41% followed by percentage of reinforcement with 8.13% and other parameters load and sliding distance are found to be insignificant. The optimum parameters identified by the Grey Relational Analysis are verified through experimental confirmation test.
Stabilization of Multiple Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Using Biological Materials
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhong Zhong , Sun Ying Jun , Lao Hui Min
Published: March 2014

Heavy metal stabilization is a promising technology of soil remediation with short period and easy operation that has seen a recent explosion of interest. The effectiveness of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ stabilization upon the waste biologic materials addition was investigated in this study. A contrast experiment was performed with materials including shell powder, bone meal and biochar. The results showed that biologic stabilizers have good stabilization ability of heavy metals in soil. The 2.5 wt.% shell powder and 2.5 wt.% bone meal treatment was the most effective, with solid stabilization performance on Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ by reduce the heavy metal cations over 87.69%, 92.40%, 63.37% and 80.32% respectively. The combination of shell powder and bone meal improved the rate of multiple heavy metal contaminated soil stabilization, while decreased alkalization of soil. In addition, the average production cost of mixed stabilizers in this study was around 1800 RMB/ton, with average of 200 RMB/ton remediation cost for heavy metal contaminated soil stabilization using these additives. The success of the mixed stabilizers with biological materials showed a promising and cost-effective approach for multiple heavy metal contaminated soil remediation.
The Research of Biomass Biodegradable Material Microstructure Impact on Performance
Authors: Jia Xiu Jie , Li Jian Feng , Li Fang Yi
Published: March 2014

Green and biodegradable may degrade to the direction of the main purposes for cushion packaging material. This paper the bubble growth mechanism of the material in the molding process, the microstructure of four kinds different foaming agent content of biodegradable materials have been studied by using a scanning electron microscope micro-chemical analysis for plant fibers, starch-based materials, through the foam forming process biomass biodegradable materials research object. The results showed that the biomass material in the biodegradable plant fibers are mutually connected to form a three-dimensional network structure of the cross; foaming agent content of 1.0%, the raw material biodegradable material having a structure with a closed air pockets distributed more evenly, which kind of uniform material structure ensures good impact resistance, rebound and thermal insulation.
Process Factor Optimization for Reducing Warpage and Shrinkage in Injection Molding Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Kang Gyung Ju
Published: March 2014

This Paper Presents the Optimization of Injection Molding Conditions to Minimize the Warpage and Volumetric Shrinkage Using Design of Experiments and Taguchi Optimization Method. Considering the Process Parameters such as Injection Time, Packing Pressure, Packing Pressure Time, and Cooling Time, a Series of Mold Analysis are Performed. Orthogonal Arrays of Taguchi, the Signal-to-Noise(S/N) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are Utilized to Determine the Optimization Parameter Levels and to Find out Principal Processing Parameters on Warpage and Volumetric Shrinkage. from the Results it is Clear that Warpage and Volumetric Shrinkage are Reduced. also, the Dominant Parameters were Cooling Time and Packing Time for Warpage, on the other Hand, the most Important Factor for Shrinkage was Injection Time. from this, it can be Concluded that Taguchi Method is very Suitable to Solve the Warpage and Volumetric Shrinkage Problems in Injection Molding Parts.
High-Cycle Fatigue P-S-N Curve Estimating Method Based on Maximum Likelihood Method for Turbine Coupling Bolt Materials
Authors: Gu Yu Jiong , Jin Tie Zheng , Zu Hai Dong , Xu Jing , Chen Dong Chao
Published: March 2014

The tensile fatigue tests and S-N curve fitting results of the coupling bolt material 25CrMo were given in this paper. It has been proved that the high-cycle fatigue properties of the bolt material can be accurately described by the three-parameter exponential S-N curve model by comparing the fitting results based on different S-N curve models. The fatigue limit of the high-cycle P-S-N curve calculated by the traditional maximum likelihood method was proved to have a high probability of being higher than the accurate fatigue limit. Therefore, a modified method based on maximum likelihood method was proposed so as to calculate the high-cycle P-S-N curve more accurately. The P-S-N of 25CrMo calculated using the modified method was given in this paper.
Numerical Investigation on Aero-Thermodynamic Characteristics of Wedge Shaped Nose Cone of Near Space Supersonic Flight
Authors: Lin Jia , Zhao Lian Jin , Wang Jian Hua
Published: March 2014

A numerical investigation on the space (0-46km) aero-thermodynamic characteristics of a nose cone model was performed using commercial software STAR-CCM++. Turbulence model and numerical calculation strategy was validated by the experimental phenomenon captured in a ground high-enthalpy wind tunnel and empirical formula calculation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the distinctions between the experiment performed in ground high-enthalpy wind tunnel environment and real space flight using the validated numerical strategy, as well as the aero-thermodynamic characteristics of the nose cone model in different flight altitudes and Mach numbers, which will give a guidance to active cooling of spacecraft in real supersonic flight.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Motorcycle Fenders
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Liang
Published: March 2014

Motorcycle fender is one of the main components of motorcycle,fender structure directly affected it's comfort and security properties.In this paper, the finite element modeling and dynamic response were analyzed using NX 8.0, and found its natural frequencies and mode shapes. On the basis of the fender structure modeling on different road with the same speed, this paper investigated the several factors affect the vibration motorcycle and analyzed true fender of the motorcycle and did comparative analysis with the modal analysis results. It is helpful to the design of the fender structure and the estimation of the fender fracture.
Key Words: Fender;finite element method;modal;Dynamic response
Modeling, Simulation and Design Optimization of a Series Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Ramakrishnan R. , Hiremath Somashekhar S. , Singaperumal M.
Published: March 2014

Crude oil resources in the world continue to diminish; automobile, agricultural machinery and construction machinery manufacturing companies are placing more emphasis on energy efficient series hydraulic hybrid systems which can replace their conventional transmission systems. Series hydraulic hybrid system is a mechatronics system with two source of power (that includes prime mover and hydro-pneumatic accumulator) which drives the vehicle. Even though, it has been proven as an energy efficient system, sizing of the components or sub-system for automobiles has got a major influence on energy efficiency of vehicle. In this paper, a power bond graph approach is used to model the dynamics of series hydraulic hybrid system and simulation results elucidate various modes of operations. It also shows the dynamic response of hydro-pneumatic accumulator, prime-mover and system output speed. Further, design optimization of system is carried out to optimize the physical /process parameters for the maximum system's output energy that, leads to increase in energy efficiency and environmental friendly vehicle.
Analyzing the Vibration of Warp Yarns in Lengthwise and Crosswise
Authors: Chen Fei , Liu Yi Sheng
Published: March 2014

This article adopts nonlinear vibration method to analyze the fluctuation process of warp yarn. Selecting Kelvin model.A differential equation of the warp yarn vibration in lengthwise and crosswise is established by Newton law.And using Galerkin truncation method to separate the variables of time and space and to discrete partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations.The vertical and lateral vibration response of the warp are analyzed by 4-order Runge-Kutta method and matlab. Getting transverse and longitudinal vibration of warp yarns.
A Novel Adaptive Protection Scheme for Microgrid
Authors: Xi Zhang , Zou Gui Bin , Chun Tian
Published: March 2014

Based on the analysis of the disadvantages of the several protection schemes for microgrid, the paper proposes a novel current protection scheme for microgrid. The scheme treats the typical microgrid layout as a case study and analyses the principle of operation of adaptive protection in connected mode and islanded mode about three typical faults. In addition, the algorithm and program flow about the adaptive protection, as well as the information feedback mechanism and operation time limit about the bidirectional power flow characteristics have been provided. It improves the technical challenges faced with the protection in different modes to a great extent.
Practical Application of Structural Repair Fatigue Life Determination on the AP-3C Orion Platform
Authors: Ayling James , Bowler Adam , Brick Gregory , Ignjatovic Mladen
Published: March 2014

The AP-3C Orion aircraft is the oldest aircraft in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) inventory. The planned fleet withdrawal has been extended far beyond the original design service objective. Continued safe and effective operation has required the development of a robust ageing aircraft management approach. A fundamental aspect was supplementing the structural certification basis with appropriate standards in the form of fatigue management requirements from Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 25.571 and Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (FAA AC) 120-93.
To develop and underpin the ageing aircraft management plan and transition to the supplementary fatigue management standards, the RAAF collaborated with the Original Equipment Manufacturer, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, the United States Navy (USN) and other operators to form the P-3C Service Life Assessment Program (SLAP). This program provided Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) data, associated analyses and analysis tools to support management in accordance with FAR 25.571. An important element of the ageing aircraft management plan included the introduction of a rigorous Safety By Inspection (SBI) maintenance regime to assure structural airworthiness.
FAA AC 120-93 requires assessment of structural repairs to determine revised fatigue management and inspection requirements. Often, this information is derived using tailored analysis tools and detailed models on a case-by-case basis. This approach is specialized, expensive and usually occurs after the repair has been designed and installed. To avoid these limitations, the AP-3C Repair Assessment Manual (RAM) was developed to provide the repair designer with a design handbook approach to fatigue analysis. In conjunction with some simple Finite Element (FE) models, the RAM supports complete repair analysis prior to an aircraft leaving the maintenance venue.
This paper will present the history of the SBI program, the genesis of the RAM and actual examples of assessing structural repairs on the P-3 platform using the RAM.
Numerical Modeling of Graphene/Polymer Interfacial Behaviour Using Peel Test
Authors: Jia Yuan Yuan , Yan Wen Yi
Published: March 2014

Graphene, a flat monolayer of carbon atoms packed in a 2D honeycomb lattice, has outstanding mechanical properties and can be used as a reinforcement for developing composites, such as graphene/polymer composites. The interface properties between the reinforcing and the matrix phase influence significantly the performance of these new nanocomposites. Very limited experimental studies have been carried out to evaluate the interfacial characteristics of the nanocomposites due to difficulties in accessing individual interfaces. Evaluation of interfacial behaviour of the nanocomposites using numerical studies is available, but these studies mainly deal with separation in the shear (sliding) mode performed by pullout test. The purpose of this study is to develop a microscopic numerical model to simulate graphene/polymer peel test, where opening mode of fracture is dominated. A plane-strain model is developed using the finite element method (Abaqus). The interface bonding between the graphene and polymer matrix is described by using a cohesive zone model. The numerical results are compared with an experimental study published in literature.
Fretting Fatigue Testing of Carburized Alloy Steel in Very High Cycle Regime Using an Ultrasonic Torsional Fatigue Testing Machine
Authors: Shimamura Yoshinobu , Kokubo Akito , Ishii Hitoshi , Tohgo Keiichiro , Fujii Tomoyuki , Yagasaki Tooru , Harada Masamichi
Published: March 2014

Recently, high-strength alloy steels have been developed and used for various products. It is well known that fretting fatigue does not show fatigue limit. In other words, fretting fatigue failure may occur in very high cycle regime more than 107 cycles. However, it is difficult to investigate fretting fatigue property in very high cycle regime by using conventional fatigue testing machines because it is time-consuming. In this study, a fretting fatigue testing method for carburized alloy steels in very high cycle regime is explored by using an ultrasonic torsional fatigue testing machine. Carburized SCM420H was used for investigation. The experimental results showed that it is possible to conduct fretting fatigue testing of carburized alloy steels by using an ultrasonic torsional fatigue testing machine.
Fatigue in Railway Components - Understanding vs. Resolution
Authors: Cookson John M. , Mutton Peter J.
Published: March 2014

The consequences of surface finish and decarburization on the fatigue performance of cast and forged steel components in the railway industry is substantial, and means that fatigue cracking is an ongoing issue across the industry. Examples of loading spectra for coupler forces and track loads are presented, along with data from past investigations showing the severe penalty in terms of fatigue life caused by inadequate surface finish at critical locations of components under fatigue loads. Managers in railway industry need to understand the technical case for increased manufacturing requirements, as costs from operational losses may well have made the economic case for increased requirements more compelling. Various options for improving the surface finish at critical locations that are prone to fatigue are available, and should be explored to reduce the vulnerability of these components to failure via fatigue cracking.
Fatigue Analysis of the Rail Underhead Radius under High Axle Load Conditions
Authors: Ranjha Sagheer Abbas , Mutton Peter J. , Kapoor Ajay
Published: March 2014

An evaluation of the potential risk of fatigue damage at the rail underhead radius (UHR) due to the occurrence of a short duration tensile stress peak, as a wheel passes over, has been examined. The tensile stress peak is mainly due to the localised bending of the rail head-on-web and its magnitude is associated with the contact position, lateral and vertical forces and rail head wear (HW). The stresses at the underhead radius have been explored using the finite element method (FEM). The Dang Van (DV) criterion, implemented as a customised computer programme, was used to identify the fatigue damage at the UHR. Fatigue behaviour under heavy haul conditions was compared for heat-treated low alloy, euctectoid and hypereutectoid rail grades in order to predict allowable rail head wear limits.
A Detailed Evaluation of the Effects of Bulk Residual Stress on Fatigue in Aluminum
Authors: Ball Dale L. , James Mark A. , Bucci Robert J. , Watton John D. , DeWald Adrian T. , Hill Michael R. , Popelar Carl F. , McClung R. Craig
Published: March 2014

The fully effective utilization of large aluminum forgings in aerospace structures has been hampered in the past by inadequate understanding of, and sometimes inaccurate representation of, bulk residual stresses and their impact on both design mechanical properties and structural performance. In recent years, significant advances in both computational and experimental methods have led to vastly improved characterization of residual stresses. As a result, new design approaches which require the extraction of residual stress effects from material property data and the formal inclusion of residual stresses in the design analysis, have been enabled. In particular, the impact of residual stresses on durability and damage tolerance can now be assessed, and more importantly, accounted for at the beginning of the design cycle.