bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Human Interleukin‐23A Overexpressing Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Christodoulou‐Vafeiadou Eleni , Geka Christina , Iliopoulou Lida , Ntari Lydia , Denis Maria C. , Karagianni Niki , Kollias George
Published: February 2024

Objective

Interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) is a crucial cytokine implicated in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, associated with various diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to create and characterize a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human IL‐23A (TghIL‐23A), providing a valuable tool for investigating the pathogenic role of human IL‐23A and evaluating the efficacy of anti–human IL‐23A therapeutics.

Methods

TghIL‐23A mice were generated via microinjection of CBA × C57BL/6 zygotes with a fragment of the human IL23A gene, flanked by its 5′‐regulatory sequences and the 3′ untranslated region of human β‐globin. The TghIL‐23A pathology was assessed through hematologic and biochemic analyses, cytokine and antinuclear antibody detection, and histopathologic examination of skin and renal tissues. The response to the anti–human IL‐23A therapeutic agent guselkumab was evaluated in groups of eight mixed‐sex mice receiving subcutaneous treatment twice weekly for 10 weeks using clinical, biomarker, and histopathologic readouts.

Results

TghIL‐23A mice exhibited interactions between human IL‐23A and mouse IL‐23/IL‐12p40 and developed a chronic multiorgan autoimmune disease marked by proteinuria, anti–double‐stranded DNA antibodies, severe inflammatory lesions in the skin, and milder phenotypes in the kidneys and lungs. The TghIL‐23A pathologic features exhibited significant similarities to those observed in human patients with SLE, and they were reversed following guselkumab treatment.

Conclusion

We have generated and characterized a novel genetic mouse model of SLE, providing proof‐of‐concept for the etiopathogenic role of human IL‐23A. This new model has a normal life span and integrates several characteristics of the human disease's complexity and chronicity, making it an attractive preclinical tool for studying IL‐23–dependent pathogenic mechanisms and assessing the efficacy of anti–human IL‐23A or modeled disease‐related therapeutics.

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How much freedom does an effectiveness metric really have?
Authors: Moffat Alistair , Mackenzie Joel
Published: February 2024

It is tempting to assume that because effectiveness metrics have free choice to assign scores to search engine result pages (SERPs) there must thus be a similar degree of freedom as to the relative order that SERP pairs can be put into. In fact that second freedom is, to a considerable degree, illusory. That is because if one SERP in a pair has been given a certain score by a metric, fundamental ordering constraints in many cases then dictate that the score for the second SERP must be either not less than, or not greater than, the score assigned to the first SERP. We refer to these fixed relationships as innate pairwise SERP orderings. Our first goal in this work is to describe and defend those pairwise SERP relationship constraints, and tabulate their relative occurrence via both exhaustive and empirical experimentation. We then consider how to employ such innate pairwise relationships in IR experiments, leading to a proposal for a new measurement paradigm. Specifically, we argue that tables of results in which many different metrics are listed for champion versus challenger system comparisons should be avoided; and that instead a single metric be argued for in principled terms, with any relationships identified by that metric then reinforced via an assessment of the innate relationship as to whether other metrics are likely to yield the same system‐versus‐system outcome.
Imperfect and worse than old maintenances for a gamma degradation process
Authors: Corset Franck , Fouladirad Mitra , Paroissin Christian
Published: February 2024

This article considers a condition‐based maintenance for a system subject to deterioration. The deterioration is modeled by a non‐homogeneous gamma process, more precisely the gamma process and the preventive maintenance are imperfect or worse than old. The corrective maintenance actions are as good as new. The maintenance efficiency or non‐efficiency parameters as well as the deterioration parameters are considered to be unknown. The monitoring data under consideration give indirect information on the maintenance parameters. Therefore, an expected maximum algorithm is applied for parameter estimation.
On the Origin of Anode and Cathode Contributions to the Impedance of All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: König Christoph , Ramanayagam Asvitha , Kraus Jennifer , Roling Bernhard
Published: February 2024

All‐solid‐state‐batteries (ASSBs) are considered as promising next‐generation batteries in order to achieve improvements in both energy density and safety. The complex electrochemical processes in ASSBs taking place on different time scales can be probed by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. However, the separation of anode and cathode contributions to the impedance and the understanding of the underlying electrochemical processes in both electrodes is a challenging task. Here, we compare the impedance spectrum of a prototypical full ASSB to those of symmetric cells anode | separator | anode and cathode | separator | cathode. We use Ni‐rich polycrystalline LiNi0.85Co0.10Mn0.05O2 particles as active material inside the composite cathode and an indium‐lithium alloy as anode. Based on the comparison, we show that the charge transfer process inside the cathode is remarkably fast, i. e., even faster than observed for cathodes of batteries with liquid electrolyte. Our results give indication that the differences in the time scales of cathode and anode processes are related to the distinct transport properties of interphases inside the cathode and at the anode | separator interface, respectively.
Monochorionic triplet pregnancy complicated by conjoined twins and early twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Bustos Juan Carlos , Vera Helga , Ahumada Paz , Martin Daniel
Published: February 2024

Background

The condition of monozygotic, monochorionic triplet fetuses with a pair of conjoined twins is extremely rare (close to one in a million births), presents challenges in its management, and with poor prognosis.

Case report

We report a case of monochorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancy, ultrasound at 14 weeks shows a pair of conjoined thoracopagus fetuses, sharing heart, liver, and umbilical cord, in addition to omphalocele. The third fetus, without malformations, presents signs of early heart failure compatible with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. It was decided to carry out expectant management where at 18 weeks, intrauterine death of the three fetuses occurs. An abortion is performed by hysterotomy.

Conclusions

The treatment in these cases is discussed, three management options have been proposed: expectant management, selective reduction of the conjoined fetuses, or termination of the pregnancy. A review of the literature found only 12 cases with this combination of pathologies, in which only 3 normal fetuses (25%) survived and none of the conjoined twins survived. To our knowledge, this case is the first of a monochorionic triplet pregnancy with conjoined fetuses complicated with early twin‐to‐twin transfusion.
Environmental restoration as a reinforcer in ritualistic contexts
Authors: Anderson Jesse , Kenaston‐Manasseh Lisa
Published: February 2024

We conducted a functional analysis of severe problem behavior (aggression, disruption, and self‐injury). The analysis examined four potential socially mediated functions: attention, escape, receipt of tangible items, and restoration of environmental items. Restoration involved the experimenter replacing missing puzzle pieces, ring stacker rings, and shape sorter blocks without giving the items to the participant. An initial multielement functional analysis, followed by a brief pairwise comparison identified restoration of environmental items as the variable maintaining the participant's problem behavior. Subsequently, we conducted brief functional communication training to teach the participant to mand for restoration of disturbed items in the absence of problem behavior.
Emission enhancement in the luminescence performance of warm red light‐emitting LiSrVO4:Pr3+ phosphors
Authors: Mala V. Rathina , Albert Kavia J. , Princy A. , Kennedy S. Masilla Moses
Published: February 2024

Warm red‐emitting praseodymium‐doped LiSrVO4 phosphors were synthesized via solid‐state reaction. The phase formation was verified using an X‐ray diffraction study and the morphology was investigated using a scanning electron microscope study. The LiSrVO4:Pr3+ phosphors emitted red light when exposed to ultraviolet light, indicating their possibility for use in warm white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). Furthermore, the effect of charge compensators on the luminescence characteristics was addressed. The decay time was investigated using time‐resolved photoluminescence. Furthermore, thermal quenching was analyzed through temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra. Their sensitivity was calculated using temperature‐dependent decay time analysis. The colour purity of the emitted light could be measured by photometric analysis. This comprehensive investigation provides a thorough understanding of the luminescence properties of phosphors for WLED applications.
SLC6A4 gene variants moderate associations between childhood food insecurity and adolescent mental health
Authors: Pilkay S. , Nolasco M. , Nunes S. , Riffer A. , Femia D. , Halevy D. , Veerman T. , Heiland S. , Suwannimit N. , Trexler N. , Gump B.
Published: February 2024

Background

Food insecurity is a persistent concern in the United States and has been shown to affect child mental health and behavior. The SLC6A4 gene has been indicated as a moderator of the effects of chronic stress on anxiety in adolescents aged 14–21. However, it is unclear if SLC6A4 may also play a role in the effects of childhood food insecurity, a form of chronic stress, on adolescent mental health. This study aimed to identify effects of food insecurity on adolescents’ mental health and delinquent behavior when both mom and child go hungry in the child's early years, and the potential interaction with SLC6A4 variants (SS/LL).

Methods

The data and sample for this research are from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The cohort consists of 4898 children (age 1–15 years, male = 47%, African American = 50%) and their respective caregivers sampled from large cities in the United States from 1998 to 2000.

Results

The SLC6A4 serotonin transporter short/short allele emerged statistically significant as a moderator of childhood food insecurity and adolescent mental health. Specifically, the presence of the short/short allele increased anxiety symptoms in adolescents with exposure to food insecurity in childhood.

Conclusion

The SLC6A4 short/short allele amplifies risk of anxiety‐related mental illness when children experience food insecurity. The gene–environment interaction provides insight into the mechanistic pathway of the effects of poverty‐related adversity, such as food insecurity, on developmental trajectories of mental health.
Alterations of amygdala volume and functional connectivity in migraine patients comorbid with and without depression
Authors: Chen Xin , Gui Wei , Li Han‐Li , Deng Zi‐Ru , Wang Yu
Published: February 2024

Objective

The comorbid relationship between migraine and depression has been well recognized, but its underlying pathophysiology is unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the structural changes of the amygdala and the abnormal functional connectivity of the centromedial amygdala (CMA) in migraineurs with depression.

Methods

High‐resolution T1‐weighted and functional magnetic resonance images were acquired from 22 episodic migraineurs with comorbid depression (EMwD), 21 episodic migraineurs without depression (EM), and 17 healthy controls (HC). Voxel‐based morphometry and resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) were applied to examine the intergroup differences in amygdala volume.

Results

The bilateral amygdala volume was increased in the EMwD and EM groups compared with the HC group, but there were no differences between the EMwD and EM groups. The right CMA exhibited decreased rsFC in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the EMwD group compared with the EM group, while rsFC increased between the CMA and the contralateral DLPFC in the EM group compared with the HC group. In addition, the EM group showed decreased rsFC between the left CMA and the left pallidum compared with the HC group.

Conclusions

Enlarged amygdala is an imaging feature of EM and EMwD. The inconsistency of rsFC between CMA and DLPFC between migraineurs with and without depression might indicate that decreased rsFC between CMA and DLPFC is a neuropathologic marker for the comorbidity of migraine and depression. The core regions might be a potential intervention target for the treatment of EMwD in the future.
Penalized canonical correlation analysis reveals a relationship between temperament traits and brain oscillations during mind wandering
Authors: Heinilä Erkka , Hyvärinen Aapo , Parkkonen Lauri , Parviainen Tiina
Published: February 2024

Introduction

There has been a growing interest in studying brain activity under naturalistic conditions. However, the relationship between individual differences in ongoing brain activity and psychological characteristics is not well understood. We investigated this connection, focusing on the association between oscillatory activity in the brain and individually characteristic dispositional traits. Given the variability of unconstrained resting states among individuals, we devised a paradigm that could harmonize the state of mind across all participants.

Methods

We constructed task contrasts that included focused attention (FA), self‐centered future planning, and rumination on anxious thoughts triggered by visual imagery. Magnetoencephalography was recorded from 28 participants under these 3 conditions for a duration of 16 min. The oscillatory power in the alpha and beta bands was converted into spatial contrast maps, representing the difference in brain oscillation power between the two conditions. We performed permutation cluster tests on these spatial contrast maps. Additionally, we applied penalized canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to study the relationship between brain oscillation patterns and behavioral traits.

Results

The data revealed that the FA condition, as compared to the other conditions, was associated with higher alpha and beta power in the temporal areas of the left hemisphere and lower alpha and beta power in the parietal areas of the right hemisphere. Interestingly, the penalized CCA indicated that behavioral inhibition was positively correlated, whereas anxiety was negatively correlated, with a pattern of high oscillatory power in the bilateral precuneus and low power in the bilateral temporal regions. This unique association was found in the anxious‐thoughts condition when contrasted with the focused‐attention condition.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest individual temperament traits significantly affect brain engagement in naturalistic conditions. This research underscores the importance of considering individual traits in neuroscience and offers an effective method for analyzing brain activity and psychological differences.
Bidirectional causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and osteoarthritis: A univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Meng Jinzhi , Cai Youran , Yao Jun , Yan Haiwei
Published: February 2024

Background

Observational studies have shown associations between psychiatric disorders and osteoarthritis (OA). However, the causal impact of different psychiatric disorder types on specific sites of osteoarthritis remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the potential causal associations between psychiatric disorders and osteoarthritis using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

We collected data from genome‐wide association studies of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) (n = 403,124), hip osteoarthritis (HOA) (n = 393,873), osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (KHOA) (n = 417,596), as well as three psychiatric disorders: bipolar disorder (n = 41,917), major depressive disorder (n = 170,756), and schizophrenia (n = 76,755) among European populations. We applied bidirectional univariate and multivariate MR analyses, including inverse variance weighted, Mendelian randomization‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. We considered p < .05 as a criterion for identifying potential evidence of association. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple tests.

Results

Our univariate MR analysis results demonstrated that bipolar disorder is a protective factor for KOA (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83 to 0.97, p = 0.0048) and may also be protective for KHOA (p = 0.02). Conversely, major depression has a positive causal effect on both KOA (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.49; p = 0.0036) and KHOA (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.37; p = 3.62×10‐05). Furthermore, our analysis suggested that KHOA may be a risk factor for major depression (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.12; p = 0.0469) in reverse MR. After adjusting smoking (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.65; p = 0.0032) and body mass index (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.81; p = 8.56×10‐04), the casual association between major depression and KHOA remained.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that major depression is a great risk factor for KHOA, increasing the likelihood of their occurrence. However, further in‐depth studies will be required to validate these results and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Corporate social performance feedback and corporate social responsibility decoupling in China: The salience of legitimacy and/or efficiency
Authors: Xue Shan , Xu Yuehua , Chen Honghui
Published: February 2024

Despite its detrimental effects, corporate social responsibility (CSR) decoupling has been underexamined in the literature. This research explores why and how companies engage in CSR decoupling from the perspective of behavioral theory of social performance. We contend that legitimacy threats drive firms with corporate social performance (CSP) below stakeholder expectations toward substantive CSR initiatives, which reduces CSR decoupling. In contrast, efficiency deficit drives firms with CSP above stakeholder expectations toward symbolic CSR initiatives, increasing CSR decoupling. Building upon literature on issue salience, these relationships are moderated by industry culpability and earnings pressure. A longitudinal analysis was conducted on Heckman two‐stage estimation using a sample of 5166 Chinese publicly listed firms from 2010 to 2019, which supports our hypotheses. Additionally, the findings remain robust after rigorous tests. This study contributes to the CSR literature by shedding light on the impact of CSP feedback on CSR decoupling and enriches the behavioral theory of social performance by incorporating the perspective on CSP feedback through issue salience.
Corporate social responsibility: Current state and future opportunities in the forest sector
Authors: Villamor Grace B. , Wallace Lisa
Published: February 2024

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) remains a critical topic for the forestry sector due to increasing societal expectations about the sustainable use of forests. This paper presents an updated review of the history, current state, and future opportunities for CSR in the forest sector. Drawing from cases of CSR in practice, the review focuses on CSR's role in firms' performance and reputation capital. As opposed to popular theoretical conceptualisations, firms' choice of CSR criteria, indicators, and implementation tools remain heavily weighted toward environmental concerns. Our findings suggest that CSR benefits a firm's reputation, but the review is less categorical on CSR's more direct or tangible effects in the short‐ or longer term. The review thus identifies progress in the field but concludes that opportunities exist to exploit CSR in the forestry sector more thoroughly.
Dormant cancer cells and polyploid giant cancer cells: The roots of cancer recurrence and metastasis
Authors: Jiao Yuqi , Yu Yongjun , Zheng Minying , Yan Man , Wang Jiangping , Zhang Yue , Zhang Shiwu
Published: February 2024

Tumour cell dormancy is critical for metastasis and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with giant or multiple nuclei and high DNA content have the properties of cancer stem cell and single PGCCs can individually generate tumours in immunodeficient mice. PGCCs represent a dormant form of cancer cells that survive harsh tumour conditions and contribute to tumour recurrence. Hypoxic mimics, chemotherapeutics, radiation and cytotoxic traditional Chinese medicines can induce PGCCs formation through endoreduplication and/or cell fusion. After incubation, dormant PGCCs can recover from the treatment and produce daughter cells with strong proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities via asymmetric cell division. Additionally, PGCCs can resist hypoxia or chemical stress and have a distinct protein signature that involves chromatin remodelling and cell cycle regulation. Dormant PGCCs form the cellular basis for therapeutic resistance, metastatic cascade and disease recurrence. This review summarises regulatory mechanisms governing dormant cancer cells entry and exit of dormancy, which may be used by PGCCs, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PGCCs.
Revisiting the chaperonin T‐complex protein‐1 ring complex in human health and disease: A proteostasis modulator and beyond
Authors: Zeng Chenglong , Han Shenqi , Pan Yonglong , Huang Zhao , Zhang Binhao , Zhang Bixiang
Published: February 2024

Background

Disrupted protein homeostasis (proteostasis) has been demonstrated to facilitate the progression of various diseases. The cytosolic T‐complex protein‐1 ring complex (TRiC/CCT) was discovered to be a critical player in orchestrating proteostasis by folding eukaryotic proteins, guiding intracellular localisation and suppressing protein aggregation. Intensive investigations of TRiC/CCT in different fields have improved the understanding of its role and molecular mechanism in multiple physiological and pathological processes.

Main body

In this review, we embark on a journey through the dynamic protein folding cycle of TRiC/CCT, unraveling the intricate mechanisms of its substrate selection, recognition, and intriguing folding and assembly processes. In addition to discussing the critical role of TRiC/CCT in maintaining proteostasis, we detail its involvement in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolic control, adaptive immunity and signal transduction processes. Furthermore, we meticulously catalogue a compendium of TRiC‐associated diseases, such as neuropathies, cardiovascular diseases and various malignancies. Specifically, we report the roles and molecular mechanisms of TRiC/CCT in regulating cancer formation and progression. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues in TRiC/CCT research, highlighting the efforts required for translation to clinical applications, such as diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion

This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of TRiC/CCT for researchers to inspire further investigations and explorations of potential translational possibilities.
Effects of mowing on body size patterns in spider assemblages of mesic meadows
Authors: Stański Tomasz , Stańska Marzena , Hajdamowicz Izabela , Nicewicz Łukasz , Hiller Andreas
Published: February 2024

Habitat disturbance affects not only the abundance, species richness and species composition of the local fauna, but also the body size of specific individuals and body size patterns in animal assemblages. Particularly large disturbances occur in agroecosystems, where many agricultural treatments are carried out. One of them, which is most commonly applied to grasslands and which significantly damages the habitat structure, is mowing. We examined the effect of mowing on mean, skewness and kurtosis of the body size in epigeic spider assemblages. The research was conducted on mesic meadows in eastern Poland, in an agricultural landscape typical for this region, consisting of a mosaic of meadows, fields and forests. Spiders were collected using pitfall traps in two sampling periods: the first before mowing and the second when part of the meadows had been mown. Mowing had no significant effect on mean body size, skewness and kurtosis of the body size in epigeic spider assemblages. However, after the cut, mown plots showed, on average, significantly smaller spider species than unmown plots. Both the value of skewness and kurtosis significantly increased after mowing but to the same extent on both the control and mown plots. The decrease in mean body size and increase in skewness in spider assemblages were mainly due to an increase in the number of small species from the Linyphiidae family. It is likely that these species began to migrate (via ballooning) during the second sampling session, following the start of haying, and were thus caught in traps more frequently. Our study showed no clear, significant changes in the body size structure of epigeic spiders in mown meadows compared to unmown ones, which may suggest that the mowing, where extensive farming is practised, does not have a long‐term significant negative impact on this group of invertebrates.
Effects of microhabitat features on the intraspecific variability of the distribution and functional traits in a highest elevational distributed lizard
Authors: Kang Da , Zhao Chunlin , Sun Zijian , Chen Guozhu , Feng Jianyi , Zhu Wenbo , Huang Yan , Zhao Tian
Published: February 2024

Exploring the microhabitat determinants of organisms distribution and functional traits differences can help us better understand the importance of intraspecific variations in ecological niches. Investigations on animals functional niche primarily focused on differences among species and tended to neglect the potential variability within species, despite the fact that the ecological and evolutionary importance of intraspecific variations was widely recognized. In this study, we examined the influence of microhabitat features on the intraspecific variability of the distribution and functional traits of a highest elevational distributed lizard species Phrynocephalus erythrurus. To do so, field work was conducted between July and August, 2020 and August and September, 2021 in Namtso watershed in central Xizang, China. Specifically, 11 transects were sampled for P. erythrurus individuals, which were measured for a set of 10 morphological traits. Moreover, 11 microhabitat variables that potentially affect the distribution of lizards were also measured for each transect. Our results indicated that juveniles, males, and females exhibited different functional traits, allowing them to occupy distinct functional space. The distribution of juveniles, males, and females was determined by different microhabitat variables such as illuminance and air temperature. More importantly, these variables also determined the intraspecific functional traits variability in this lizard species. All of these results supported previous claims that intraspecific traits variation should be incorporated into functional ecological studies, and diverse microhabitat features should be conserved to maintain high intraspecific diversity. Future studies can focus on the food analysis to explore the linkage between functional traits and resources utilization within animal populations.
Predicting the current habitat refugia of Himalayan Musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) across Nepal
Authors: Dhami Bijaya , Chhetri Nar Bahadur , Neupane Bijaya , Adhikari Binaya , Bashyal Bijay , Maraseni Tek , Thapamagar Tilak , Dhakal Yogesh , Tripathi Aashish , Koju Narayan Prasad
Published: February 2024

Himalayan Musk deer, Moschus chrysogaster is widely distributed but one of the least studied species in Nepal. In this study, we compiled a total of 429 current presence points of direct observation of the species, pellets droppings, and hoofmarks based on field‐based surveys during 2018–2021 and periodic data held by the Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation. We developed the species distribution model using an ensemble modeling approach. We used a combination of bioclimatic, anthropogenic, topographic, and vegetation‐related variables to predict the current suitable habitat for Himalayan Musk deer in Nepal. A total of 16 predictor variables were used for habitat suitability modeling after the multicollinearity test. The study shows that the 6973.76 km2 (5%) area of Nepal is highly suitable and 8387.11 km2 (6%) is moderately suitable for HMD. The distribution of HMD shows mainly by precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the warmest quarter, temperature ranges, distance to water bodies, anthropogenic variables, and land use and land cover change (LULC). The probability of occurrence is less in habitats with low forest cover. The response curves indicate that the probability of occurrence of HMD decreases with an increase in precipitation seasonality and remains constant with an increase in precipitation of the warmest quarter. Thus, the fortune of the species distribution will be limited by anthropogenic factors like poaching, hunting, habitat fragmentation and habitat degradation, and long‐term forces of climate change.
Mapping endemic freshwater fish richness to identify high‐priority areas for conservation: An ecoregion approach
Authors: Yousefi Masoud , Jouladeh‐Roudbar Arash , Kafash Anooshe
Published: February 2024

Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing accelerating global biodiversity loss. Thus, knowing where these unique ecosystems' species richness reaches a peak can facilitate their conservation planning. By hosting more than 290 freshwater fishes, Iran is a major freshwater fish hotspot in the Middle East. Considering the accelerating rate of biodiversity loss, there is an urgent need to identify species‐rich areas and understand the mechanisms driving biodiversity distribution. In this study, we gathered distribution records of all endemic freshwater fishes of Iran (85 species) to develop their richness map and determine the most critical drivers of their richness patterns from an ecoregion approach. We performed a generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi‐Poisson distribution to identify contemporary and historical determinants of endemic freshwater fish richness. We also quantified endemic fish similarity among the 15 freshwater ecoregions of Iran. Results showed that endemic freshwater fish richness is highest in the Zagros Mountains while a moderate level of richness was observed between Zagros and Alborz Mountains. High, moderate, and low richness of endemic freshwater fish match with Upper Tigris & Euphrates, Namak, and Kavir & Lut Deserts ecoregions respectively. Kura – South Caspian Drainages and Caspian Highlands were the most similar ecoregions and Orumiyeh was the most unique ecoregion according to endemic fish presence. Precipitation and precipitation change velocity since the Last Glacial Maximum were the most important predictors of endemic freshwater fish richness. Areas identified to have the highest species richness have high priority for the conservation of freshwater fish in Iran, therefore, should be considered in future protected areas development.
Genomics reveals repeated landlocking of diadromous fish on an isolated island
Authors: Ara Motia G. , McCulloch Graham A. , Dutoit Ludovic , Wallis Graham P. , Ingram Travis
Published: February 2024

Landlocking of diadromous fish in freshwater systems can have significant genomic consequences. For instance, the loss of the migratory life stage can dramatically reduce gene flow across populations, leading to increased genetic structuring and stronger effects of local adaptation. These genomic consequences have been well‐studied in some mainland systems, but the evolutionary impacts of landlocking in island ecosystems are largely unknown. In this study, we used a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach to examine the evolutionary history of landlocking in common smelt (Retropinna retropinna) on Chatham Island, a small isolated oceanic island 800 kilometres east of mainland New Zealand. We examined the relationship between Chatham Island and mainland smelt and used coalescent analyses to test the number and timing of landlocking events on Chatham Island. Our genomic analysis, based on 21,135 SNPs across 169 individuals, revealed that the Chatham Island smelt was genomically distinct from the mainland New Zealand fish, consistent with a single ancestral colonisation event of Chatham Island in the Pleistocene. Significant genetic structure was also evident within the Chatham Island smelt, with a diadromous Chatham Island smelt group, along with three geographically structured landlocked groups. Coalescent demographic analysis supported three independent landlocking events, with this loss of diadromy significantly pre‐dating human colonisation. Our results illustrate how landlocking of diadromous fish can occur repeatedly across a narrow spatial scale, and highlight a unique system to study the genomic basis of repeated adaptation.
Assessing long‐term diatom changes in sub‐Arctic ponds receiving high fluxes of seabird nutrients
Authors: Hargan Kathryn E. , Duda Matthew P. , Michelutti Neal , Blais Jules M. , Smol John P.
Published: February 2024

Algal bioindicators, such as diatoms, often show subdued responses to eutrophication in Arctic lakes because climate‐related changes (e.g., ice cover) tend to be the overriding factors influencing assemblage composition. Here, we examined how sub‐Arctic ponds historically receiving high nutrient inputs from nesting seabirds have responded to recent climate change. We present diatom data obtained from 12 sediment cores in seaduck‐affected ponds located on islands through Hudson Strait, Canada. All study cores show consistently elevated values of sedimentary ẟ15N, an established proxy for tracking marine‐derived nutrients, indicating seabirds have been present on these islands for at least the duration of the sediment records (~100 to 400 years). We document diverse epiphytic diatom assemblages to the base of all sediment cores, which is in marked contrast to seabird‐free Arctic ponds—these oligotrophic sites typically record epilithic diatom flora prior to recent warming. Diatoms are likely responding indirectly to seabird nutrients via habitat as nutrients promote the growth of mosses supporting epiphytic diatom communities. This masks the typical diatom response to increased warming in the Arctic, which also results in habitat changes and the growth of mosses around the pond edges. Changes in sedimentary chlorophyll a were not consistently synchronous with large changes in ẟ15N values, suggesting that primary production in ponds is not responding linearly to changes in seabird‐derived nitrogen. Across all ponds, we recorded shifts in diatom epiphytic assemblages (e.g., increases in % relative abundance of many Nitzschia species) that often align with increases in chlorophyll a. The changes in diatoms and chlorophyll a, although variable, are most likely driven by climate change as they are generally consistent with longer ice‐free conditions and growing seasons. Together, our results show that to effectively use diatoms in animal population reconstructions across the sub‐Arctic and Arctic, a strong understanding of eutrophication and climate change, based on supplementary proxies, is also required.
A habitat‐centered framework for wildlife climate change vulnerability assessments: Application to Gunnison sage‐grouse
Authors: Van Schmidt Nathan D. , Shyvers Jessica E. , Heinrichs Julie A. , Saher D. Joanne , Aldridge Cameron L.
Published: February 2024

The persistence of threatened wildlife species depends on successful conservation and restoration of habitats, but climate change and other stressors make these tasks increasingly challenging. Applying climate change vulnerability analyses to contemporary wildlife management can be difficult because most analyses predict direct effects of future climate on wildlife species at broad geographic scales, rather than assessing their habitats at local scales (<1 km) that correspond to site‐specific habitat management actions. We present a framework that synthesizes vegetation‐focused vulnerability assessments to assess multiple effects on wildlife species' diverse habitat needs, providing a scenario‐driven climate vulnerability assessment that maps differences in vulnerability of populations within a species' range. Our flexible habitat‐centered synthesis approach leverages available spatial datasets describing projected exposure to vegetation changes due to climate change and other potentially synergistic stressors, reclassifies and weights them based on available estimates of species' sensitivity to these changes, and recombines them to create <1‐km resolution maps of overall species vulnerability and threat‐specific habitat vulnerability. To demonstrate its potential to guide decision‐making, we applied this approach to the Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus), a federally threatened habitat specialist that depends on sagebrush and mesic habitats that are imperiled by climate change. We mapped six threats forecasted out to the year 2070: direct effects of climate on (1) sagebrush cover loss and (2) mesic habitat drying, indirect changes in invasion risk from (3) pinyon–juniper conifers and (4) annual grasses, and potentially synergistic risk of (5) development and (6) wildfire. We then assessed species vulnerability for each of the eight extant populations under three climate scenarios: Optimistic, Continuation, and Pessimistic. We found that the extent of cumulative species vulnerability due to multiple habitat changes was far greater than the extent of any single habitat vulnerability. Over 75% of critical habitats were at risk under the Pessimistic scenario, and nearly two thirds of habitats were at high risk for three or more threats. Invasive species were the most widespread threat, highlighting the importance of indirect effects of climate change. We illustrate how our approach can be applied to the existing management planning strategies to better prioritize conservation of habitats for the persistence of threatened species.
Using capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE‐SDS) and liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to identify glycosylated heavy chain heterogeneity in the anti‐VEGFR‐2 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Li Meng , Zhao Xueyu , Wu Gang , Wang Wenbo , Du Jialiang , Xu Gangling , Duan Maoqin , Fu Zhihao , Yu Chuanfei , Wang Lan
Published: February 2024

The size variant, which can be measured by capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE‐SDS), is a critical quality attribute of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The CE‐SDS size heterogeneity can hardly be identified by tandem mass spectrometry, which is an intractable obstacle of mAb development and quality control across the industry. We analyzed the purity of an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) mAb, an antagonist of the human VEGFR‐2, through reduced CE‐SDS and observed glycosylated heavy chain heterogeneity. The heterogeneity has potential impact on safety, efficacy, and stability of drugs for clinical use. Therefore, it should be characterized so as to evaluate its potential risk. In order to identify the heterogeneity, we used mass spectrometry to confirm that the molecular size heterogeneity was not due to peptide bond cleavage in the heavy chain. Subsequently, we employed mass‐spectrometry–glycosylation profiling and CE‐SDS analysis of various glycosidase‐treated samples, in addition to the preparation of mAb references with different glycoforms. Ultimately, we demonstrated that the heavy chain heterogeneity was induced by different levels of galactosylation modifications which will potentially impact the efficacy of antibody drugs (i.e., complement‐dependent cytotoxicity). In this study, potential risk caused by heavy chain size heterogeneity was evaluated, which addressed the obstacle of mAb development and quality control. Therefore, this study offers a feasible approach for the investigation and identification of heavy chain heterogeneity in reduced CE‐SDS, providing a novel strategy for mAb quality control and evaluation.
New policies, new behaviors: How digital taxation shapes mobile money use in Ghana
Authors: Ofosu‐Ampong Kingsley
Published: February 2024

The transition from traditional to digital payment platforms is reshaping domestic revenue mobilization, with significant impacts on sectors like agriculture, health, business, education and economy. This transition, while presenting both challenges and opportunities, has the potential to foster economic growth and boost revenue mobilization. This paper investigates how digital taxation or electronic levy (e‐levy) has shaped mobile money (MoMo) adoption in Ghana since the introduction of e‐levy on digital financial transactions. The underlying theories supporting this study include the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Social Norm Theory (SNT), and Expectancy‐Confirmation Theory (ECT). A cross‐sectional design was employed, and data was collected from 206 participants (mobile network subscribers) through a self‐administered online survey conducted and applied a partial least square structural equation modeling technique. The findings indicate that inherent innovativeness, the structure of the tax, and social tax compliance norms significantly influence citizens' compliance attitudes towards e‐levy in the context of a developing country. Conversely, the study found that potential taxpayers' attitudes towards e‐levy do not determine their intention to pay (actual use) e‐levy. In this respect, recommendations to drive the digital taxation agenda among government revenue agencies in developing countries are (i) continuous inherent innovativeness on the part of the government, (ii) ensuring compliance attitudes towards e‐levy, (iii) proper structuring of the tax components and (iv) ensuring ease of use of the system. These findings provide governments and revenue agencies, particularly those in developing countries, with valuable insights into citizens' behavioral change towards digital taxation on MoMo transactions. An effective convergence of the determinants discussed in this research would expedite government mobilization efforts for electronic levies and promote development.
Preconception weight suppression predicts eating disorder symptoms in pregnancy
Authors: Hormes Julia M.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Disordered eating is common in pregnancy and associated with adverse health outcomes. Weight suppression (WS), the discrepancy between highest lifetime and current weight, is a robust predictor of loss of control (LOC) and binge eating and weight gain trajectories in clinical populations. This study explored the role of preconception WS as a predictor of disordered eating and weight gain in pregnancy.

Method

Pregnant individuals (n = 137) reported their highest, preconception, and current weights to calculate preconception WS, actual gestational weight gain (GWG), and deviations from recommended weight gain trajectories in pregnancy. Participants also completed the Prenatal Eating Behaviours Screening (PEBS) tool, a validated measure of disordered eating specifically in pregnancy.

Results

Preconception WS was a significant predictor of PEBS total scores [F(5, 122) = 2.70, p = 0.02, R2 = 0.10] and significantly and positively correlated with individual item scores quantifying restrictive eating behaviours. Preconception WS was not predictive of deviations from recommended GWG trajectories or LOC or binge eating frequency and did not interact with pre‐pregnancy body mass index or GWG to predict eating disorder symptom severity.

Conclusions

Preconception WS was predictive of disordered eating, and specifically restrictive eating behaviours in pregnancy, and should be assessed as part of screening for eating disorder risk in pregnant individuals.
Geothermally activated mixed‐in‐place walls as permanent components of a sustainable energy system: case history
Authors: Jäger Stefan , Ibuk Hursit , Beckhaus Karsten
Published: February 2024

Geothermal activation of geotechnical construction elements facilitates the storage of renewable energy. During summer, solar energy is captured, stored underground, and subsequently utilized for winter building heating. In addition, the sustainable approach by using the mixed‐in‐place (MIP) method reduces carbon emissions and transportation burdens already during construction phase. The method‘s granular interlocking ensures efficient heat transfer to geothermal probes. Integrating geothermal activation right from the planning phase into building technology enables seamless incorporation. The synergy of geothermal activation and the MIP technique not only cultivates eco‐friendly building concepts but also mitigates environmental impact across the entirety of a building‘s lifecycle. Geothermal activation and MIP can be applied to large‐scale infrastructure projects, enhancing sustainability.
Distinct roles of Bdnf I and Bdnf IV transcript variant expression in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Bach Svitlana V. , Bauman Allison J. , Hosein Darya , Tuscher Jennifer J. , Ianov Lara , Greathouse Kelsey M. , Henderson Benjamin W. , Herskowitz Jeremy H. , Martinowich Keri , Day Jeremy J.
Published: February 2024

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) plays a critical role in brain development, dendritic growth, synaptic plasticity, as well as learning and memory. The rodent Bdnf gene contains nine 5′ non‐coding exons (I–IXa), which are spliced to a common 3′ coding exon (IX). Transcription of individual Bdnf variants, which all encode the same BDNF protein, is initiated at unique promoters upstream of each non‐coding exon, enabling precise spatiotemporal and activity‐dependent regulation of Bdnf expression. Although prior evidence suggests that Bdnf transcripts containing exon I (Bdnf I) or exon IV (Bdnf IV) are uniquely regulated by neuronal activity, the functional significance of different Bdnf transcript variants remains unclear. To investigate functional roles of activity‐dependent Bdnf I and IV transcripts, we used a CRISPR activation system in which catalytically dead Cas9 fused to a transcriptional activator (VPR) is targeted to individual Bdnf promoters with single guide RNAs, resulting in transcript‐specific Bdnf upregulation. Bdnf I upregulation is associated with gene expression changes linked to dendritic growth, while Bdnf IV upregulation is associated with genes that regulate protein catabolism. Upregulation of Bdnf I, but not Bdnf IV, increased mushroom spine density, volume, length, and head diameter, and also produced more complex dendritic arbors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. In contrast, upregulation of Bdnf IV, but not Bdnf I, in the rat hippocampus attenuated contextual fear expression. Our data suggest that while Bdnf I and IV are both activity‐dependent, BDNF produced from these promoters may serve unique cellular, synaptic, and behavioral functions.