bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un regard sur la qualité de l'emploi après le chômage
Authors: Lizé Laurence , Prokovas Nicolas
Published: November 2014

L’étude porte sur les caractéristiques des emplois retrouvés après le chômage, en exploitant l’enquête « Sortants des listes des demandeurs d’emploi » en 2007 et 2009. Peu de travaux s’intéressent à la qualité des emplois acceptés par les anciens chômeurs, à cette fin, nous avons construit un indicateur synthétique qui prend en compte à la fois la rémunération, la durée du contrat, le temps de travail et les horaires de travail. Nos résultats montrent l’ampleur des emplois de « mauvaise qualité » à la sortie du chômage et permettent d’identifier les facteurs d’exposition à ce risque.
Les cours constitutionnelles, agents de la domestication étatique du religieux
Authors: Hirschl Ran
Published: November 2014

Cet article examine l’évolution du rôle du droit constitutionnel et des juridictions suprêmes dans la régulation du religieux en Israël et en Malaisie – deux cadres constitutionnels complexes de « démocraties ethniques » – occupant une position intermédiaire peu explorée entre régime de stricte séparation entre État et religions et « théocratie constitutionnelle » à part entière. Une combinaison de facteurs instrumentaux et systémiques, en particulier la tendance « étatiste » inhérente au champ constitutionnel, est à la source d’une jurisprudence dont les décisions les plus marquantes confortent une variante nationalisée de la religion, validée par l’État ; les cours constitutionnelles dépossèdent la religion de sa dimension radicale et la placent sous contrôle constitutionnel. Dans ces pays et d’autres du même type, le champ constitutionnel représente par conséquent une arène attractive pour les groupes sociaux qui s’opposent à l’expansion d’un droit fondé sur une normativité religieuse dépassant les frontières du métarécit national de référence.
Un auteur anonyme du XIV e siècle, à Oxford, lecteur de Pierre de Maricourt
Authors: Rommevaux Sabine
Published: November 2014

Si l’on prend en compte le nombre de manuscrits du De magnete de Pierre de Maricourt (1269), il semble que ce traité fut très populaire durant le Moyen Âge, mais on n’a que très peu de témoignages de son utilisation durant cette période. Il est alors intéressant de relever la référence à Pierre de Maricourt dans le De sex inconvenientibus , un traité anonyme datant du début du xiv e siècle et écrit à Oxford par quelqu’un qui connaissait très bien les théories du mouvement de Thomas Bradwardine et de ses contemporains. Nous verrons à cette occasion comment l’auteur discute la question de l’attraction magnétique.
Auguste Trillat : Épidémiologie et immunologie de guerre
Authors: Aucouturier Étienne
Published: November 2014

Dans la seconde moitié du xix e siècle, le chimiste, ingénieur et biologiste français Auguste Trillat breveta un composé chimique du formaldéhyde, à présent connu sous le nom de formol . Il eut une carrière scientifique et industrielle brillante, au cours de laquelle lui furent confiées des responsabilités importantes dans le cadre scientifique et politique français du début du xx e siècle, quand l’hygiénisme connaissait son apogée. En 1905, Trillat devint chef du service des recherches appliquées à l’hygiène à l’Institut Pasteur, à Paris. En tant qu’ingénieur, il inventa des appareils de désinfection chimique et les premiers autoclaves. Son intérêt pour l’hygiène, qui contribua fortement à son succès, le conduisit aussi à formuler une théorie épidémiologique originale : la théorie des noyaux de condensation. Il soutenait que les microbes pouvaient jouer le rôle de noyaux dans des gouttelettes microscopiques, et que cette propriété favorisait leur diffusion par l’air. À travers cette théorie et ses études sur la dynamique des épidémies, Trillat apporta une contribution majeure à l’épidémiologie de son temps, en montrant que des paramètres variés et indépendants des propriétés infectieuses des microbes considérés favorisaient l’occurrence d’épidémies et déterminaient leur gravité et leur ampleur. Le succès de sa théorie et de ses inventions techniques le conduisit à jouer un rôle central dans la création et le développement du premier programme français d’armement biologique et chimique, après la première guerre mondiale.
Le Bureau international du travail et la coopération technique dans l'entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Plata Véronique
Published: November 2014

Les organisations internationales sont depuis la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale impliquées dans des programmes de renforcement des capacités humaines et institutionnelles des pays dits « en voie de développement ». Leur implication dans de telles actions s’inscrit cependant dans un processus historique plus large, où l’entre-deux-guerres a joué un rôle important comme premier laboratoire d’expériences, en particulier pour le Bureau international du Travail. Cet article cherche à fournir quelques pistes afin de mieux comprendre l’engagement du BIT dans des activités d’assistance technique dans les années 1930. L’étude d’une mission en Chine en 1934 permet en outre de mettre en lumière un embryon d’organisation et d’expériences concernant le transfert, par l’entremise d’experts, de compétences et de connaissances des pays industrialisés vers les pays « sous-développés ».
Reggio Emilia, Ville Éducative. La co-éducation dans l'approche préscolaire municipale
Authors: Dubois Émilie
Published: November 2014

La ville de Reggio Emilia en Italie fait l’objet d’une expérience préscolaire originale en matière de co-éducation, marquée par l’implication quotidienne de toute la cité dans l’éducation des jeunes enfants. L’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte du fonctionnement de cette co-éducation, depuis son origine jusqu’à nos jours. L’analyse a porté sur la façon dont la municipalité est parvenue à maintenir une réelle participation citoyenne dans ses petites écoles reggianes. Nous avons étudié, dans un premier temps, le fonctionnement co-éducatif reggian pour mettre en évidence la pluralité des acteurs qui le composent. Puis, nous avons retracé les origines et le développement de cette participation qui ne s’est pas imposée d’elle-même à Reggio Emilia, rappelant ici que la détermination politique et citoyenne a été primordiale. Enfin, nous avons tenté de comprendre quels pouvaient être les enjeux de la pratique co-éducative reggiane. Nous proposons pour conclure l’hypothèse que la co-éducation est essentielle au bon fonctionnement même de la pédagogie de Reggio Emilia.
Utiliser les réseaux virtuels pour renforcer la proximité avec le client
Authors: Audigier Nathalie
Published: November 2014

Un besoin d’interactivité se manifeste chez les consommateurs, ce qui traduit de fortes attentes en termes de proximité relationnelle, de convivialité et d’identification mutuelle. Les entreprises et les marques veulent devenir auprès des individus de véritables référents à partir de leur propre univers sémantique. Cependant, maîtriser l’interactivité numérique et « accrocher » le consommateur implique des choix dans les options de communication et l’adoption de pratiques de gestion spécifiques pour la gestion de la relation client.
Marceau Crespin a-t-il existé ? Éclairages sur une éclipse historiographique de l'analyse des politiques gaullistes du sport
Authors: Le Noé Olivier
Published: November 2014

Pour tenter d’expliquer l’ambivalence de la place réservée à Marceau Crespin dans les analyses historiques des politiques sportives gaullistes, la ligne d’analyse défendue dans cette contribution est double. D’une part, il s’agit d’éclairer la spécificité et les incidences de la trajectoire de Crespin sur la constitution de traditions administratives propres à ce ministère. D’autre part, l’objectif est de nourrir la discussion sur les modes d’articulation entre les formes du pouvoir politico-administratif et les cadres institutionnalisés de l’organisation du sport.
Entrer en formation par la « petite porte » : les conditions sociales de l'apprentissage footballistique dans un club dominé
Authors: Bertrand Julien
Published: November 2014

L’article s’appuie sur une enquête menée au sein d’un centre de formation d’un club professionnel de « second rang ». Elle déplace le regard sur les conditions sociales de production des footballeurs vers une zone de l’espace de formation qui a été peu étudiée. La démonstration est organisée autour de l’analyse du cas de l’un des jeunes pensionnaires de ce centre de formation (Nassim). L’entrée en formation de Nassim est analysée comme étant à la fois un « pari » effectué par le club en raison de ses contraintes propres liées à sa position dominée dans un espace de formation et un « salut » pour Nassim face à la crainte familiale d’un déclassement social.
FDG Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Demonstration of Carcinoma Arising in an Epiphrenic Diverticulum
Authors: Eluvathingal Muttikkal Thomas Jose , Shami Vanessa M , Jones David R , Rehm Patrice K
Published: November 2014

Esophageal carcinoma arising within an epiphrenic diverticulum is rare. We describe a case of a carcinoma in a long-standing epiphrenic diverticulum in a 62-year-old patient. Fluorine-18-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound revealed a hypermetabolic mass within the diverticulum. A preoperative diagnosis was made via endoscopic biopsy. The patient underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. He remains well and free of recurrence 18 months after surgery.
The quadricuspid aortic valve
Authors: Franco Arie , Gabriel Simon , Ruehm Stefan Georg
Published: November 2014

The quadricuspid aortic valve is a very rare congenital defect that may be an isolated entity or associated with a multitude of cardiovascular abnormalities. Isolated cases usually manifest late in life with the complication of aortic regurgitation, which can be delayed by early valve replacement. We present a case of quadricuspid aortic valve associated with truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and interrupted aortic arch.
Carreras eclesiásticas y redes clientelares en la Castilla bajomedieval: la provisión de beneficios menores en el cabildo de la catedral de Burgos (1456-1470)
Authors: Agúndez San Miguel Leticia
Published: November 2014

La naturaleza y evolución de los grupos sociales inferiores que constituyeron los cabildos de las catedrales continúa siendo un aspecto poco conocido de la España medieval. Esta evidencia no ha impedido a la historiografía advertir el papel determinante que los oficios y beneficios disfrutados por este amplio sector del clero jugaron en las carreras eclesiásticas y en la configuración de las fortunas de los miembros capitulares de mayor rango. El presente artículo pretende arrojar luz sobre el estatus del numeroso grupo de los prebendados menores que componían la estructura del cabildo burgalés durante la primera mitad del episcopado de Luis de Acuña (1456-1495). Para ello se analiza el sistema de provisión y permutas de beneficios eclesiásticos menores; primer eslabón de importancia en la cadena de promociones que constituía el cursus honorum de los capitulares burgaleses.
Además, se examina el protagonismo del Obispo Acuña como impulsor de una red clientelar entre el clero catedralicio.
Acquamanili nella liturgia cristiana (IV-XVI secolo): il bronzo della Pinacoteca Nazionale di Cagliari
Authors: Anedda Damiano , Pala Andrea
Published: November 2014

[it] Gli acquamanili sono degli utensili che hanno una funzione liturgica nel rito cristiano, le cui origini sono verosimilmente legate a oggetti di uso profano. Il saggio analizza la funzione e le tipologie dei pochi manufatti giunti ai giorni nostri, databili tra l’VIII e il XVI secolo. Queste suppellettili occupano una posizione particolare nella storiografi a specialistica, in quanto considerati dagli studiosi “tra gli oggetti più artistici”, principalmente nell’ambito dei bronzi. Di tale materiale è costituito l’acquamanile a forma di pavone musealizzato nella Pinacoteca Nazionale di Cagliari, per il quale si affronta un’analisi storiografica e d’archivio, si propongono dei confronti formali e si suggeriscono un inquadramento cronologico e un ambito di provenienza basato sui dati storici.
La ganadería en Medellín (1450-1550). Propietarios y cabañas
Authors: Clemente Ramos Julián
Published: November 2014

La ganadería vecinal de Medellín se caracteriza por la importancia de bueyes y cerdos. En las dehesas, predominan las vacas aunque también hay ovejas, sobre todo trashumantes. La propiedad ganadera está en manos, en su mayor parte, de elites rurales y campesinos. La oligarquía local tiene un papel fundamentalmente rentista. El precio de los pastos experimentó una intensa subida en la segunda mitad del siglo XV, que se suaviza en la primera mitad del siglo XVI.
Ciudades y poder político en al-Andalus. Una hipótesis sobre el origen de las revueltas urbanas en Murcia en el siglo XIII
Authors: Frey Sánchez Antonio Vicente
Published: November 2014

Durante el siglo XIII se produjo una serie de revueltas urbanas en al-Andalus que ocasionó la retirada del Imperio almohade y la formación de las terceras taifas, inicialmente encabezadas por Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Hūd al-Mutawakkil. La incapacidad de este emir para mantener unido el estado que había creado y las continuas insurrecciones fuera y dentro de Murcia ha llevado a historiadores y filólogos a indagar sobre la naturaleza del poder político en este periodo. Este artículo estudia cada una de estas interpretaciones y, a partir del análisis de algunos aspectos socio-económicos de Murcia, ciudad representativa en al-Andalus y capital del movimiento hūdí durante la primera mitad del siglo XIII, presenta una propuesta sobre la naturaleza de su poder.
Primera cita de Mengenillidae (Insecta, Strepsiptera) en las Islas Baleares
Authors: Del Río Ricardo , Barceló Carlos , Miranda Miguel Ángel , Pohl Hans
Published: November 2014

Se cita por primera vez la especie Eoxenos laboulbenei De Peyerimhoff, 1919 en las Islas Baleares. Varios machos de esta especie se encontraron en capturas obtenidas con una trampa de luz ultravioleta situada en una finca ganadera de Mallorca durante el mes de octubre de 2012. Varios puparios de machos y hembras de Mengenilla sp. se encontraron también en Ibiza en abril de 2013.
Habitat use by a large population of Pinna nobilis in shallow waters
Authors: Prado Patricia , Caiola Nuno , Ibáñez Carles
Published: November 2014

We investigated the habitat use and size structure of the fan mussel, Pinna nobilis L. in the Alfacs Bay (Ebro Delta, Spain, NW Mediterranean). Shore-parallel transects were conducted to assess the abundance, size, and orientation of individuals and to record habitat features along the Banya Sandspit, at depths of 20 to 130 cm. Results showed two distinctive areas in terms of population density, marked by the end of local salt pan dikes that we named Good Habitat (GH) and Bad Habitat (BH). To extrapolate these results to the full area of BH and GH, perpendicular transects were conducted to determine the local bathymetry. Then, the underestimation of individuals due to the effects of distance, depth and seagrass cover (Distance 6 computer package) was added to raw abundances to obtain a corrected population of 90303 individuals (12085 in the BH and 782018 in the GH), the largest so far reported at such low depths. Most recorded individuals were adults (40 to 60 cm shell length), with no occurrence of sizes < 20 cm, and with a strong association with Cymodocea nodosa seagrass beds. Given the shallow distribution of the population, the absence of small sizes during the study period, and the presence of human activities that may damage P. nobilis and its habitat, the development of a management plan appears imperative for the conservation of the species.
Parallel AES Encryption Engine for Many Core Processor Arrays Using Masked S-Box
Authors: Pushkaran Dhanya , Bhaskar Neethu
Published: November 2014

With the ever increasing growth of data communication, hardware encryption technology will become an irreplaceable safety technology. In this paper, I present a method of AES encryption and decryption algorithm with 128 bit key on an FPGA. In order to protect “data-at-rest” in memory from differential power analysis attacks with high-throughput advanced encryption standard (AES) engine with masked S-Box is proposed. By exploring different granularities of data-level and task-level parallelism, we map 2 implementations of an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher with online key expansion on a fine-grained many-core system.
On Line and other ICTs Applications for teaching math in Special Education
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Kostas Ioannis
Published: November 2014

The term “students with special needs”, “disabled” or “impaired students” is used to describe some students who have real, persistent, and substantial individual differences and educational needs that regular education has been unable to accommodate. These individual differences vary, from medical conditions such as cerebral palsy, to dyslexia, to pervasive and chronic maladaptive patterns of behaviour. These same students will and should not be considered disabled or impaired once they leave school. Nonetheless, their specialized learning needs are intense and legitimate because students with learning disabilities have significant difficulty acquiring and retaining math and other skills. ICTS are here to play an important role, offering the educators a valuable set of tools to cope with these difficulties. A number of factors are significant to the poor math performance of these students. In this review article we discuss these factors, the contribution of ICTS and make recommendations for a better math performance.
A Critical Role for the Regulated Wnt–Myc Pathway in Naive T Cell Survival
Authors: Wong Chunshu , Chen Chong , Wu Qi , Liu Yang , Zheng Pan
Published: November 2014

Wnt signaling is involved in T cell development, activation, and differentiation. However, the role for Wnt signaling in mature naive T cells has not been investigated. In this article, we report that activation of Wnt signaling in T cell lineages by deletion of the Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene causes spontaneous T cell activation and severe T cell lymphopenia. The lymphopenia is the result of rapid apoptosis of newly exported, mature T cells in the periphery and is not due to defects in thymocyte development or emigration. Using chimera mice consisting of both wild-type and Apc-deficient T cells, we found that loss of naive T cells is due to T cell intrinsic dysregulation of Wnt signaling. Because Apc deletion causes overexpression of the Wnt target gene cMyc, we generated mice with combined deletion of the cMyc gene. Because combined deletion of cMyc and Apc attenuated T cell loss, cMyc overexpression is partially responsible for spontaneous T cell apoptosis and lymphopenia. Cumulatively, our data reveal a missing link between Wnt signaling and survival of naive T cells.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of neonatal staff concerning neonatal pain management
Authors: Khoza Sizakele L.T. , Tjale A. A.
Published: November 2014

Background: Neonatal pain management has received increasing attention over the past four decades. Research into the effects of neonatal pain emphasises the professional, ethical and moral obligations of staff to manage pain for positive patient outcomes. However, evaluation studies continuously report evidence of inadequate neonate pain management and a gap between theory and practice.Objective: This study reviewed current practice in neonatal pain management to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses and doctors regarding pain management for neonates in two academic hospitals.Method: A non-experimental, prospective quantitative survey, the modified Infant Pain Questionnaire, was used to collect data from 150 nurses and doctors working in the neonatal wards of two academic hospitals in central Gauteng.Results: The response rate was 35.33% (n = 53), most respondents being professional nurses (88.68%; n = 47) working in neonatal intensive care units (80.77%; n = 42); 24 (45.28%) had less than 5 years’ and 29 respondents 6 or more years’ working experience in neonatal care. A review of pain management in the study setting indicated a preference for pharmacological interventions to relieve moderate to severe pain. An association (p < 0.05) was found between pain ratings on 5 procedures and frequency of administration of pharmacological pain management. Two-thirds of respondents (64%) reported that there were no pain management guidelines in the neonatal wards in which they worked.Conclusion: The interventions to manage moderate neonatal pain are in line with international guidelines. However, neonatal pain management may not occur systematically based on prior assessment of neonatal pain, choice of most appropriate intervention and evaluation. This study recommends implementation of a guideline to standardise practice and ensure consistent and adequate pain management in neonates.
Can the phenomenon of humour serve as an interpretive key to understand the idea of laughter in the Old Testament?
Authors: Kruger Hennie A.J.
Published: November 2014

In the past humour was frowned upon by some, but more recently it has become part of innocuous communication between members of society. Against this background, authors also claim that humour functions in the Bible. Very few, if any, are convinced that the opposite might be true. Numerous attempts have been made to determine the meaning of, and develop definitions and theories pertaining to the concept of humour. However, until now no consensus has been reached regarding these concepts. The physiological and psychological meaning of the phenomenon is noted, but the relationship between humour and literary types has attracted more attention. Determining the time of the origin of the concept may indicate a difference in meaning between a contemporary Western and ancient Near Eastern or Middle Eastern (and Israelite) understanding of laughter, humour and mockery, respectively.Kan die verskynsel van humor dien as ’n sleutel van interpretasie om die lagbegrip in dieOu Testament te verstaan? In die verlede is humor deur sommige persone afgekeur, maar meer onlangs het die verskynsel egter ’n integrale deel van gemeensame kommunikasie in die samelewing geword. Dus beweer baie skrywers nou dat humor selfs in die Bybel voorkom. Baie min, indien enige, is daarvan oortuig dat die teenoorgestelde waar kan wees. Talle pogings is al aangewend om die betekenis van, asook ’n definisie en teorie in verband met die humorkonsep te formuleer. Tot op hede is daar egter nog geen konsensus in hierdie verband bereik nie. Daar is rekening gehou met die fisiologiese en psigologiese betekenis van die verskynsel, maar die moontlike verband tussen humor en literêre vorme het egter meer aandag getrek. Die bepaling van die ontstaanstyd van die verskynsel kan onderskeidelik op ’n verskil in betekenis tussen ’n kontemporêre Westerse en ou Nabye Oosterse of Midde-Oosterse (en Israelietiese) begrip van die konsepte lag, humor en bespotting dui.
External cultic tradition and internal ethical purity in Matthew 15
Authors: Viljoen Francois P.
Published: November 2014

In Matthew 15:1–20, Jesus responds to the accusation made by the Pharisees and the scribes that his disciples do not observe the tradition of hand-washing (οὐ γὰρ νίπτονται τὰς χεῖραςὅταν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσιν), because they do not wash their hands before they eat bread. In this story of dispute, two ideas are interwoven, namely the locus of impurity (external or internal) and the manmade tradition of the elders (ἡ παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων) versus the Word of God (ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ). The Pharisees are depicted as obsessed with external manmade rules to ensure purity, whilst Jesus is concerned with inner purity based on God’s Word. In this article, the story is interpreted on two levels. The first level describes the dispute between Jesus and the Pharisees. The second level explores the tension the Matthean community experienced in their encounter with Pharisean Judaism of their day – the Judaism of the dual Torah. The question is which aspect of the Torah is challenged by Matthew’s Jesus, and what he considers to be the true meaning of the Law. It seems that Matthew uses this story to define and maintain the identity and values of his community over and against that of the Pharisees and their successors. Devices that Matthew uses to define the identity and required morality for his community, are identified. Such devices demonstrate how a community’s values can influence the identity and ethics of a society.In Matteus 15:1–20 reageer Jesus op die aantyging van die Fariseërs en skrifgeleerdes dat sy dissipels nie die handewas-tradisie eerbiedig nie. In hierdie verhaal van dispuut word twee idees vervleg: eerstens dié van die locus van onreinheid, en tweedens dié van mensgemaakte tradisies teenoor die Woord van God. Die Fariseërs word voorgestel as mense wat obsessiefis oor mensgemaakte reëls wat reinheid verseker, terwyl Jesus op innerlike reinheid gesteld is, wat op die Woord van God gebaseer is. In hierdie artikel word die verhaal op twee vlakke geïnterpreteer. Die eerste vlak beskryf die dispuut tussen Jesus en die Fariseërs. Die tweede vlak ondersoek die spanning wat die Matteus-gemeenskap in hulle verhouding met die Farisese Judaïsme van hulle tyd ervaar het. Die vraag is watter aspek van die Torah deur die Matteaanse Jesus bevraagteken word, en wat Hy as die ware betekenis van die Wet beskou. Dit wil voorkom asof Matteus hierdie verhaal gebruik om die identiteit en waardes van sy gemeenskap teenoor die dominante Farisese Judaïsme te definieer en te handhaaf. Middele wat Matteus gebruik om die identiteit en verlangde moraliteit van sy gemeenskap te definieer, word geïdentifiseer. Sodanige middele demonstreer hoe ’n gemeenskap se waardes die identiteit en etiek daarvan kan beïnvloed.
Spirituality for democracy: Spiritual resources for democratic participation in the 21st century
Authors: Hewitt Roderick R.
Published: November 2014

The topic invites us to explore spirituality for democracy and to identify and critique the spiritual resources that are needed for democratic participation in the 21st century. The statement specifically focused on for and not of democracy. Modern expressions of democracy are in crisis. Every context is teething with challenges and conflicts between government sand their citizens concerning how much influence through participation should be allowed in the decision-making process of governance. This topic is of extreme importance for academic discourse because the malaise that has crept into contemporary forms of democratic governance calls for urgent attention. Democratic forms of governance are not set in stone. Rather, they are formed as a result of human deliberation and praxis and cultural developments and must therefore remain open for further reformation. It is this intrinsic capacity for renewal that opens democracy to converse with spirituality. This article begins with identifying the key terms that constitute the academic building blocks of this study. The inherent contradictions in the use of these terms are noted in order to arrive at a theoretical construct to converse with the key concepts of spirituality, democracy, spiritual resources and democratic participation.Through the use of the post colonial lenses of Rastafari hermeneutics, a theoretical framework will be employed to map a life-giving path for contemporary expressions of spirituality for democracy and to identify the resources needed for democratic participation.
Extradural anterior clinoidectomy: Technical nuances from a learner's perspective
Authors: Mishra Shashwat , Leão Baltazar , Rosito Diego
Published: November 2014

Background: Extradural removal of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) is a crucial step in the proper surgical exposure of various pathologies in and around the central skull base. Since the pioneering description by Dolenc, the technique of extradural clinoidectomy has undergone several refinements in the light of improved understanding of microsurgical anatomy and maturation of neurosurgical techniques. Mastery of the surgical nuances involved in performing this surgical exercise will allow the young neurosurgeon to execute this step without undue reluctance and trepidation. Objective: This paper is an attempt to describe in detail, from a learner's viewpoint, the sequence of maneuvers involved in extradural removal of the ACP. Materials and Methods: The standard pterional approach and extradural anterior clinoidectomy was performed on four sides of two formalin fixed and latex injected cadaver heads. Important steps were photographed through the surgical microscope. Conclusion: An accurate understanding of the microsurgical anatomy of this region and the surgical nuances relevant to extradural clinoidectomy helps simplify the complexity of this surgical step.
Effect of radiation on brain tissue endothelin-1 level and tumor development
Authors: Kaplan Metin , Kılınç Ahmet , Ozturk Sait , Ilhan Nevin , Gurocak Simay , Gonen Murat
Published: November 2014

Background: Radiotherapy causes injury in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and the production of vasoactive amines such as endothelin-1 (ET-1). ET-1 is an important peptide in cancer development. In this study, the effects of radiation on brain tissue ET-1 level were evaluated. Is it possible to suggest a mechanism using ET-1 level in the production of this adverse effect? In this paper, the relationship between the development of brain tumors and the ET-1 level has been discussed. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight adult Sprague Dawley rats were used in the experiments. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 7) as follows: control group: radiation was not applied during the experiment; Group 1: Decapitated on the 1st day following radiation; Group 2: Decapitated on the 7th day following radiation; and Group 3: Decapitated on the 30th day following radiation. ET-1 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The t-test, variance analysis, and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used in the statistical analysis. A value of P < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: No statistical differences were observed in the tissue ET-1 levels between the control group and other groups. According to the variance analysis and Tukey test, the differences between the groups were not significant. Conclusion: We observed in this study that the effects of radiation on brain tumor development or malignant transformation are not mediated by ET-1 levels. In addition, these results support the hypothesis of the fact that medical treatment with ET-1 antagonists in clinical cases receiving radiotheraphy is unnecessary.
Molecular characterization of porcine PGM1 gene associated with meat quality traits
Authors: Hwang Jung Hye , Kwon Seul Gi , Park Da Hye , Kim Tae Wan , Kang Deok Gyeong , Ha Jeongim , Kim Sam Woong , Kim Chul Wook
Published: November 2014

Hwang, J. H., Kwon, S. G., Park, D. H., Kim, T. W., Kang, D. G., Ha, J., Kim, S. W. and Kim, C. W. 2015. Molecular characterization of porcine PGM1 gene associated with meat quality traits. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 31–36. The PGM1 gene from four porcine breeds (Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) is highly expressed in liver tissue at the transcriptional level. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PGM1 were examined to analyze association with increased expression of PGM1 gene in the Berkshire liver. A Leu525 synonymous SNP of Chr6:137174682A>G (c.1575A>G) was identified and showed significant (P<0.05) differences to backfat thickness, drip loss, protein content, fat content, Warner–Bratzler shear force, and post-mortem pH24h. Therefore, it is concluded that PGM1 synonymous SNP is an important factor regulating meat quality.
CaLEA 73 gene fromCapsicum annuumL. enhances drought and osmotic tolerance modulating transpiration rate in transgenicArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Acosta-García Gerardo , Chapa-Oliver Angela M. , Millán-Almaraz Jesus R. , Guevara-González Ramón G. , Cortez-Baheza Elvira , Rangel-Cano Rosa M. , Ramírez-Pimentel Juan G. , Cruz-Hernandez Andrés , Guevara-Olvera Lorenzo , Aguilera-Bibian José E. , Hernández-Salazar Marcelo , Torres-Pacheco Irineo
Published: November 2014

Acosta-García, G., Chapa-Oliver, A. M., Millán-Almaraz, J. R., Guevara-González, R. G., Cortez-Baheza, E., Rangel-Cano, R. M., Ramírez-Pimentel, J. G., Cruz-Hernandez, A., Gueara-Olvera, L., Aguilera-Bibian, J. E., Hernández-Salazar, M. and Torres-Pacheco, I. 2015. CaLEA 73 gene from Capsicum annuum L. enhances drought and osmotic tolerance modulating transpiration rate in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 227–235. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are an important group of proteins related to the protection of several kinds of abiotic stresses in plants. A LEA gene was cloned from Capsicum annuum seeds and named CaLEA73. This gene was expressed in C. annuum plants during several phenological stages as well as in cold stress and exogen ABA applications. The CaLEA73 gene was ectopically expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants in order to analyse its role under drought and salt stress. Our results displayed an increase in tolerance to drought and osmotic, but not under salt stress in the transgenic lines evaluated. Interestingly, proline levels in transgenic lines were not higher than azygous control plants, when the drought stress was evaluated. Transpiration levels in transgenic plants were lower than control, suggesting an improvement in water efficiency use in CaLEA73 transgenic lines. The stomatal density and index were significantly minor in transgenic plants in comparison to azygous control, likely indicating a reason of the minor transpiration in transgenic plants. Our results are discussed in the context of drought stress physiology aspects for crop improvement.
Proteome response of wild wheat relativeKengyilia thoroldianato drought stress
Authors: Yang Shihai , Li Xiong , Ma Yushou , Sun Xudong , Yang Yunqiang , Yang Yongping
Published: November 2014

Yang, S., Li, X., Ma, Y., Sun, X., Yang, Y. and Yang, Y. 2015. Proteome response of wild wheat relative Kengyilia thoroldiana to drought stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 237–249. Wild relatives of crops provide plant breeders with a broad pool of potentially useful genetic sources. The genus Kengyilia, being a member of the tribe Triticeae, is related to wheat, barley, and other cereals and forage grasses. We studied proteomic changes in K. thoroldiana seedlings in response to drought stress after withholding water for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 15 d. To determine the proteomic changes that occurred in leaves of K. thoroldiana under drought stress, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry were performed to identify protein expression changes. Seventy proteins showing reproducible and significant expression changes were identified. Among them, 28 proteins were up-regulated, whereas seven proteins were down-regulated. Based on database-annotated functions, these 70 proteins were categorized as energy metabolism, stress response, antioxidative enzyme, transcript and signal transduction, predicted proteins, and chloroplast-related proteins. Cluster analysis further showed that the up-regulated proteins were mainly stress response proteins and antioxidative enzymes. These results suggest that K. thoroldiana may resist drought stress by increasing the expression of stress response proteins and by producing antioxidative enzymes to remove reactive oxygen species. We conclude that the K. thoroldiana drought stress response mechanism could represent a useful genetic resource for related studies in wheat.
Species-specific fertilization can benefit container nursery crop production
Authors: Clark Mary Jane , Zheng Youbin
Published: November 2014

Clark, M. J. and Zheng, Y. 2015. Species-specific fertilization can benefit container nursery crop production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 251–262. To determine the responses of six container-grown shrub species to different controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates, plant growth and root-zone traits were evaluated following fertilization with Polyon®16–6–13, 5–6 month CRF incorporated at 0.60, 0.89, 1.19, 1.49 and 1.79 kg m−3N. The six species tested at a southwestern Ontario, Canada, nursery were Cornus stolonifera ‘Flaviramea’ (yellow-twig dogwood), Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’ (dwarf winged euonymus), Hydrangea paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ (Pee Gee hydrangea), Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Nugget’ (Nugget ninebark), Spiraea japonica ‘Magic Carpet’ (Magic Carpet spirea), Weigela florida ‘Alexandra’ (Wine and Roses weigela). Different species responded differently to the CRF rates applied. For the majority of species at the final harvest, growth index, plant height, canopy area, leaf area and above-ground dry weight were greater in high vs. low CRF rates; however, different species had different optimal CRF application rates or ranges: 1.49 kg m−3N for Hydrangea and Spiraea, 1.19 kg m−3N for Weigela, 1.19 to 1.49 kg m−3N for Cornus and Physocarpus, and ≤0.60 kg m−3N for Euonymus. Based on these species-specific optimal fertilizer rates or ranges, growers can group plant species with similar fertilizer demands, thereby reducing fertilizer waste and maximizing plant production.
Derived algebraic geometry
Authors: Toën Bertrand
Published: November 2014

This text is a survey of derived algebraic geometry. It covers a variety of general notions and results from the subject with a view on the recent developments at the interface with deformation quantization.
Parent Perspectives on Occupational Therapy Assessment Reports
Authors: Makepeace Elizabeth , Zwicker Jill G
Published: November 2014

Introduction:

Occupational therapy assessment reports in paediatric practice are written for multiple audiences, such as health professionals, school personnel, and parents. As such, reports may not meet the needs of all recipients. In an effort to better target parents in clinical report writing, the purpose of this study was to determine what parents view as important, relevant, and understandable in occupational therapy assessment reports, and to explore evidence for best clinical report-writing practices in paediatrics.

Method:

This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to gather parent perspectives on reports written for their children. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Interpretive description with a thematic, inductive approach was used to recognize patterns and themes by coding recurrent data and summarizing results.

Findings:

Ten parents completed one-on-one interviews. Five key themes were identified: generating an accurate record of assessment; answering referral queries; understanding terminology; using the report for information sharing and partnership building; and being prompted to take action.

Conclusion:

Results encourage therapists to include parents as the primary audience of reports, to clearly answer referral questions, and to use language and terms that are understandable. Reports must be easily shared with other stakeholders and include simple, age-appropriate recommendations that parents can implement during everyday activities.
Musculoskeletal Hand Symptoms and Functional Limitation in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 50 Years and Over: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Myers Helen , Thomas Elaine , Dziedzic Krysia
Published: November 2014

Introduction:

Hand pain and problems are common in community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over. As the population ages, the absolute number of people with these issues is likely to increase. Debilitating hand problems affect at least 12% of the older population in the United Kingdom, but fewer than 1 in 30 people with this degree of disability consult an occupational therapist.

Method:

This paper describes a new analysis of a population study using data from surveys and a nested clinical cohort. Demographic characteristics, and the nature, severity, and frequency of symptoms and functional limitation in 1,811 adults aged 50 years and over with disabling hand problems are described, and the potential need for healthcare estimated.

Findings:

Moderate or severe functional limitation within the previous week was commonly reported. Irrespective of age and gender, weakness was the most frequently reported severe symptom (n = 470, 27%). Most problems occurred in activities requiring strength (such as opening a jar: n = 945, 52%). More females reported difficulty with tasks requiring strength (such as opening a jar: f: 59%; m: 38%), and more males reported difficulty with dexterous activities (such as picking up coins: m: 24%; f: 17%).

Conclusion:

The results from this study have implications for current and future management of hand problems in the community, highlighting a potential role for occupational therapy.
Chemistry and mineralogy of clay minerals in Asian and Saharan dusts and the implications for iron supply to the oceans
Authors: Jeong G. Y. , Achterberg E. P.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Mineral dust supplied to remote ocean regions stimulates phytoplankton growth through delivery of micronutrients, notably iron (Fe). Although attention is usually paid to Fe (hydr)oxides as major sources of available Fe, Fe-bearing clay minerals are typically the dominant phase in mineral dust. The mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in dust particles, however, are largely unknown. We conducted microscopic identification and chemical analysis of the clay minerals in Asian and Saharan dust particles. Cross-sectional slices of dust particles were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) techniques and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). TEM images of FIB slices revealed that clay minerals occurred as either nano-thin platelets or relatively thick plates. Chemical compositions and lattice fringes of the nano-thin platelets suggested that they included illite, smectite, illite–smectite mixed layers, and their nanoscale mixtures (illite–smectite series clay minerals, ISCMs) which could not be resolved with an electron microbeam. EDXS chemical analysis of the clay mineral grains revealed that the average Fe content was 5.8% in nano-thin ISCM platelets assuming 14% H2O, while the Fe content of illite and chlorite was 2.8 and 14.8%, respectively. In addition, TEM and EDXS analyses were performed on clay mineral grains dispersed and loaded on micro-grids. The average Fe content of clay mineral grains was 6.7 and 5.4% in Asian and Saharan dusts, respectively. A comparative X-ray diffraction analysis of bulk dusts showed that Saharan dust was more enriched in clay minerals than Asian dust, while Asian dust was more enriched in chlorite. Clay minerals, in particular nanocrystalline ISCMs and Fe-rich chlorite, are probably important sources of Fe to remote marine ecosystems. Further detailed analyses of the mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in global mineral dusts are required to evaluate the inputs of Fe to surface ocean microbial communities.
Modelled black carbon radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetime in AeroCom Phase II constrained by aircraft observations
Authors: Samset B. H. , Myhre G. , Herber A. , Kondo Y. , Li S.-M. , Moteki N. , Koike M. , Oshima N. , Schwarz J. P. , Balkanski Y. , Bauer S. E. , Bellouin N. , Berntsen T. K. , Bian H. , Chin M. , Diehl T. , Easter R. C. , Ghan S. J. , Iversen T. , Kirkevåg A. , Lamarque J.-F. , Lin G. , Liu X. , Penner J. E. , Schulz M. , Seland Ø. , Skeie R. B. , Stier P. , Takemura T. , Tsigaridis K. , Zhang K.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Atmospheric black carbon (BC) absorbs solar radiation, and exacerbates global warming through exerting positive radiative forcing (RF). However, the contribution of BC to ongoing changes in global climate is under debate. Anthropogenic BC emissions, and the resulting distribution of BC concentration, are highly uncertain. In particular, long-range transport and processes affecting BC atmospheric lifetime are poorly understood. Here we discuss whether recent assessments may have overestimated present-day BC radiative forcing in remote regions. We compare vertical profiles of BC concentration from four recent aircraft measurement campaigns to simulations by 13 aerosol models participating in the AeroCom Phase II intercomparison. An atmospheric lifetime of BC of less than 5 days is shown to be essential for reproducing observations in remote ocean regions, in line with other recent studies. Adjusting model results to measurements in remote regions, and at high altitudes, leads to a 25% reduction in AeroCom Phase II median direct BC forcing, from fossil fuel and biofuel burning, over the industrial era. The sensitivity of modelled forcing to BC vertical profile and lifetime highlights an urgent need for further flight campaigns, close to sources and in remote regions, to provide improved quantification of BC effects for use in climate policy.
Analysis of elevated springtime levels of Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) at the high Alpine research sites Jungfraujoch and Zugspitze
Authors: Pandey Deolal S. , Henne S. , Ries L. , Gilge S. , Weers U. , Steinbacher M. , Staehelin J. , Peter T.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The largest atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) mole fractions at remote surface sites in the Northern Hemisphere are commonly observed during the months April and May. Different formation mechanisms for this seasonal maximum have previously been suggested: hemispheric-scale production from precursors accumulated during the winter months, increased springtime transport from up-wind continents or increased regional-scale production in the atmospheric boundary layer from recent emissions. The two high Alpine research sites Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) and Zugspitze (Germany) exhibit a distinct and consistent springtime PAN maximum. Since these sites intermittently sample air masses of free-tropospheric and boundary layer origin, they are ideally suited to identify the above-mentioned PAN formation processes and attribute local observations to these. Here we present a detailed analysis of PAN observations and meteorological conditions during May 2008 when PAN levels were especially elevated at both sites. The highest PAN concentrations were connected with anticyclonic conditions, which persisted in May 2008 for about 10 days with north-easterly advection towards the sites. A backward dispersion model analysis showed that elevated PAN concentrations were caused by the combination of favourable photochemical production conditions and large precursor concentrations in the European atmospheric boundary layer. The results suggest that the largest PAN values in spring 2008 at both sites were attributable to regional-scale photochemical production of PAN in the (relatively cold) planetary boundary layer from European precursors, whereas the contribution of inter-continental transport or free-tropospheric build-up was of smaller importance for these sites.