bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inmigrantes extranjeros en el mercado de trabajo español: ¿más resilientes o más vulnerables al impacto de la crisis?
Authors: Gil-Alonso Fernando , Vidal-Coso Elena
Published: July 2015

Utilizando datos de la Encuesta de Población Activa para el período entre el tercer trimestre de 2007, momento previo al inicio de la crisis económica, y el primero de 2014 (últimos datos disponibles en el momento de redactar este artículo), el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el impacto de la recesión económica sobre  los niveles de empleo de la población española y extranjera de ambos sexos. Se pretende contestar a la pregunta de si los inmigrantesextranjeros son más vulnerables al impacto de la crisis o si, comopretenden otros autores, son más resilientes que los trabajadoresnativos al empeoramiento de las condiciones del mercado de trabajo.Los resultados muestran que tras una primera mitad de la crisisen la que los inmigrantes extranjeros fueron los más resilientes, enla segunda parte, desde mediados de 2011 y especialmente desdeinicios de 2013, han pasado a ser los más afectados.
Jornaleros inmigrantes en la agricultura murciana: reflexiones sobre crisis, inmigración y empleo agrícola
Authors: Gadea María Elena , De Castro Carlos , Pedreño Andrés , Moraes Natalia
Published: July 2015

En las últimas décadas, España ha basado su crecimiento económico en sectores intensivos en mano de obra, caracterizados por condiciones laborales precarias, donde los trabajadores inmigrantes han jugado un papel fundamental ante la escasez de mano de obra autóctona. El artículo reflexiona sobre los vínculosentre uno de estos sectores, la agricultura intensiva de exportación, y el empleo de trabajadores extranjeros, con especial atención a la segregación por género y etnia de este mercado de trabajo, las condiciones laborales de los jornaleros inmigrantes y al impacto de la actual crisis económica sobre el empleo en este sector.
La decisión de retornar en tiempos de crisis. Una perspectiva comparada de los migrantes ecuatorianos y rumanos en España
Authors: López de Lera Diego , Pérez-Caramés Antía
Published: July 2015

En este artículo abordaremos los procesos de toma de decisión sobre el retorno por parte de los migrantes residentes en España en el actual contexto de crisis, que ha supuesto, en muchos casos y tal y como analizaremos, la pérdida del empleo y de la regularidad administrativa. El fenómeno del retorno se enmarcaráen el cambio de ciclo migratorio que está viviendo España a través del análisis demográfico de la trayectoria reciente de los flujos migratorios. Se estudiará de manera comparada la toma de decisiones y el diseño de estrategias en torno al proyecto migratorio y al retorno en particular para dos de los colectivos de migrantes con mayor presencia en España: ecuatorianos y rumanos, presentandolos principales elementos que se tienen en consideración a la hora de emprender el camino de regreso a origen.
Crisis y estrategias migratorias de reproducción social. un análisis a partir del estudio de la migración ecuatoriana
Authors: Sanz Abad Jesús
Published: July 2015

Las trayectorias migratorias se caracterizan cada vez más por su carácter cambiante y por presentar continuas rupturas, transformaciones y recomposiciones en función de las circunstancias globales y de las estrategias de reproducción social desarrolladas por los migrantes. Este artículo analiza algunas de estas estrategias de reproducción social desarrolladas por parte de los migrantes en un contexto de crisis económica partiendo del análisis del caso ecuatoriano. En él se presta especial atención a aquellos aspectos que son más determinantes en la construcción del proyecto migratorio y a las formasen que se produce la articulación de las estrategias productivas yreproductivas dentro del grupo doméstico.En el texto, se señala la necesidad de pensar de forma unitaria y englobadora el proyecto migratorio y el retorno como parte de un mismo proceso a la vez que se destaca la importancia de adoptar una perspectiva procesual en el análisis de las migraciones
Inmigración, crisis y escuela
Authors: García Castaño Francisco Javier , Olmos Alcaraz Antonia , Ouafaa Bouachra Outmani
Published: July 2015

Es fácil encontrar titulares de prensa en España en los últimos años que digan: «la crisis ha destruido empleo y la falta del mismo ha obligado a los inmigrantes a retornar a sus países…».A esos titulares se añaden afirmaciones como «ya no llegan inmigrantes…». Ello ha servido para justificar la reducción de los servicios que se les podía prestar. También en la escuela se escuchan voces similares y con ello la reducción de apoyos educativos con el argumento de que «ya no llegan» o «se han marchado». Pues bien, lo que pretendemos con este trabajo es poner a prueba ese conjunto de afirmaciones que en la escuela relacionan «crisis económica» y «retorno» de la población de nacionalidad extranjera. Tres puntos trataremos con detalle: en primer lugar analizaremos cómo ha evolucionado la presencia de escolares de nacionalidad extranjera en elsistema educativo en España, en segundo lugar nos serviremos de la Estadística de Migraciones y del Padrón Municipal de Habitantes para conocer mejor el fenómeno migratorio y sus asociados: el «retorno», y en tercer lugar reflexionaremos sobre cómo se está utilizando la idea del «retorno» la población inmigrante para reducir los servicios que se les presta en el sistema educativo.
Analysis of Social Influences in the Transition of Czech Students Between Educational Levels and to the Labour Market
Authors: Hlaďo Petr
Published: July 2015

The paper deals with the transition of Czech students of lower secondary schools (ISCED 2A) and vocationally oriented upper secondary schools (ISCED 3A and 3C) between educational levels and to the labour market. The theoretical introduction describes the specifics of career decision making of Czech pupils and synthesizes some important empirical findings on social influences on this decision. The core lies in a survey designed by the National Institute of Education, School Counselling Centre and Centre for Further Education of Teachers. The instrument of data collection was questionnaires for students of final years of lower secondary and upper secondary schools. Data collection took place in 2011 at 40 lower secondary (n=779) and 20 vocationally oriented upper secondary schools (n=442). The paper compares the views of these groups of respondents on student’s autonomy in the choice of further education and occupation, and social influences on students’ career decision-making.
Education for Jobs – Preparation for the Labor Market
Authors: Petnuchová Jana
Published: July 2015

The article describes importance of vocational education and training (VET) which can play a central role in preparing young people for work, developing the skills of adults and responding to the labor market needs of the economy. The aim of this article is to highlight the definitions and understandings of vocational education and training (VET). Countries are now giving the long-neglected topic of vocational education and training dramatically increased profiles, reflecting recognition of its economic function. Many countries are recognizing that good initial vocational education and training has a major contribution to make to economic competitiveness.
Creative Drama in Support Therapies for Children with Learning Disorders
Authors: Kollárová Dana
Published: July 2015

The paper familiarizes the reader with the output of the project titled Support Therapies for Children with Learning Disorders which we implemented at an elementary school. It describes the individual therapy types which were used and which can, to certain extent, help the pupils with special educational needs. The paper focuses on our experiences with the use of creative drama elements and drama therapy with 5th - 9th grade pupils. It presents the acquired qualitative data which show the reader the specifics of the educational process and public presentation of pupils with learning and behaviour disorders.
Humanistic Psychology in the University Preparation of Future Teachers
Authors: Gáborová Ľubica
Published: July 2015

The study shows the possibilities of humanistic psychology in conditions of university preparation of future teachers. It brings results from the research of PCA (Person-Centered Approach) principles applied at the universities.
Research on Abuse and Violence Against the Elderly in a Family Setting
Authors: Lahe Danijela
Published: July 2015

The article calls for attention to the problem of violence and abuse of the elderly within their family, partnership, and relationships with relatives in the postmodern society. The outcomes of the research, carried out on a sample of the elderly people within different residence settings are presented. Results show that all kinds of violence and abuse are present in all kinds of settings, except in the residence with relatives, where sexual abuse was not noticed. Physical and sexual violence and abuse is mostly present in the households in which the elderly live with their partner, while psychical violence is present in the households with relatives. Material violence and abuse are present in case of elderly people who live alone. Both, men and women, experience most violence and abuse in their flats.
Recruitment Process Outsourcing
Authors: Cocuľová Jana
Published: July 2015

Nowadays outsourcing presents a common way to increase business performance. This way of providing supporting business activities is more often used in the field of human resources. The paper deals with the topic of human resources outsourcing, especially the recruitment process outsourcing and it brings the views of several authors on the advantages and potential risks of its use.
Mobbing and its Occurrence in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Sláviková Gabriela , Pasternáková Lenka
Published: July 2015

The paper discusses the analysis of respondents’ opinions on the issue of mobbing. The authors were interested in the respondents’ personal attitudes and experience thereof. Readers can find enclosed the results of the survey conducted on the discussed issue.
Communication and Learning in the New Media Space
Authors: Szécsi Gábor
Published: July 2015

The age of electronic communication is the age of opening categorical and classification boundaries. In the new media space the traditional distinctions between children and adult experiences collapse and disappear. The aim of this essay is to show that the use of electronic technologies has abolished the traditional pedagogical thinking, and brings in new conventions. As a result of evolving new practices which rely on electronic communication devices, communication has become an essential activity among children, helping them acquire and share everyday information and knowledge with intensity and efficiency that can even change the traditional pedagogical thinking. The use of new communication technologies and forms of learning support gain particular importance especially in a system of lifelong learning, which provides identical frameworks for children and adults.
The Basis and the Structure of the Tertiary Socialization Field and the “Youth-Affairs” as an Autonomous Area
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Székely Levente
Published: July 2015

Many models have been made during the study of the chronology and areas of the socialization process and thus the extrafamilial and extracurricular platforms have often been in focus. Many theories have been created about the periods preceding adulthood, i.e. youth. Now, on the borderline of the two areas a new profession is in the making, targeting youth in an extrafamilial and extracurricular context. This new area deserves thorough analysis with a focus on theoretical background since models of leisure environments outside the family and school are now on the same footing with youth education and socialization. The current study deals with leisure environment and youth. It reviews theories of socialization environments and venues, provides a grouping of them and introduces a new theory that best fits into the conceptual apparatus of the youth area and serves as a solid foundation for it. In addition, scientific and international agreements pertaining to the periods of youth will be looked at, and an attempt will be made to create a break-down by age group that is best adaptable to the extrafamilial and curricular environment. It must be stressed that the present study does not deal with the repertory of socialization themes, such as gender socialization, moral socialization, political socialization and others, but merely those environments where these take place.
Educational Process and Personality of the Educator
Authors: Pasternáková Lenka , Sláviková Gabriela
Published: July 2015

The paper is focused on the personality of an educator and the demands placed on him/her.
Neuroscience as a Basis for Innovations in Education
Authors: Trníková Jana , Petlák Erich
Published: July 2015

We live in a time in which a “revolution” in education is occurring. Through brain research and technology, we have unlocked many of the reasons why some children experience so much difficulty in learning. We know more about effective teaching practices than at any other time in history. Through technological advances, we have a whole world as our resource base. In addition, teachers are finally being empowered to make choices that affect their classrooms.
Conversation between Child and Adult as Educational Experience
Authors: Rostańska Eugenia
Published: July 2015

Conversation is a specific component of communication activity. Its peculiar dimension is visible in educational situations. Its main component is the relation between a child and an adult.
Disappearing population of Betula humilis Schrk. on the Maliszewskie Lake, NE Poland
Authors: Chrzanowska Agnieszka , Jadwiszczak Katarzyna A.
Published: July 2015

Betula humilis Schrk. is an endangered glacial relict inhabiting wet meadows, natural and drained fens. One of its declining populations is located on the Maliszewskie Lake (the Wizna swamp, north-eastern Poland). The goal of the present study was to estimate the number of B. humilis individuals in this locality. In the Maliszewskie Lake population, 59 ramets, grouped into three clusters, were found. Twelve nuclear microsatellite loci were chosen to genotype 52 ramets. The analysis revealed that all the shoots within the single cluster had the same genotypes at the loci considered. This means that each cluster constituted one genetically distinct individual; thus, there were only three individuals of B. humilis in the studied population. The maintenance of the B. humilis population in the Maliszewskie Lake area requires urgent active protection involving removal of the shading vegetation. In fact, the entire Maliszewskie Lake is worthy of protection because of its hitherto unexplained origin and the occurrence of many endangered bird species.
Archaeobotanical reconstructions of field habitats and crops: the grange in Pomorzany near Kutno, 18th/19th c.
Authors: Koszałka Joanna , Strzelczyk Joanna Ewa
Published: July 2015

The paper presents the results of research of plant macrofossils from the grain deposit deriving from the 18th/19th centuries. The analysed material included 24760 diaspores representing 73 taxa. The majority were cultivated cereal crop species, and there was also abundance of accompanying segetal weed species. About 95% of the gathered crop material was Secale cereale. Another important crop was Hordeum vulgare and there were also some remains of Avena sativa, Triticum aestivum, Fagopyrum esculentum. Cannabis sativa and Linum usitatissimum were found as well. Weeds competing with these crops were, among others, the following species: Agrostemma githago, Raphanus raphanistrum, Apera spica-venti, Bromus secalinus, Centaurea cyanus, Spergula arvensis, Thlaspi arvense, Viola arvensis/tricolor, Fallopia convolvulus, Polygonum persicaria, Mentha arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Papaver rhoeas, Rumex acetosella, Scleranthus annuus, Aphanes arvensis, Setaria pumila, Setaria viridis/verticilata. Extremely large presence of wild plant diaspores in the material allowed conducting economic and environmental interpretations. Reconstruction methods applied, used primarily in the case of macroremains from granaries, were fully applicable to the analysed plant residues. Weed species composition in the analysed material showed that they were mostly typical for the main winter crop. Some amount of species typical for other habitats were also found and they probably came from the near-by rye field. The presence of perennial diaspores indicated that the field was probably set aside
The association Veronico-Mimuletum guttati Niemann 1965 in Pomerania
Authors: Sobisz Zbigniew , Osadowski Zbigniew , Truchan Mariola
Published: July 2015

Veronico-Mimuletum guttati, a poorly known association of species-rich helophyte beds communities was characterizedbased on 21 phytosociological relevés. Its new 14 localities in Pomerania and floristic differentiation in Central Europe are presented. New subassociations of the Veronico-Mimuletum guttati cardaminetosum amarae have been distinguished on the basis of differing floristic composition. It is further differentiated into two syntaxa: spring variant noted in spring areas and typical variant noted in banks of rivers, ditches and water-logged meadows.
The influence of topical fluoride application on colour stability of aesthetic fluoride-releasing restorative materials
Authors: Kalampalikis E. , Koulaouzidou E.A. , Koliniotou-Κοumpia E. , Antoniades Helvatjoglu
Published: July 2015

Fluoride-releasing restorative materials are often combined with topical fluoride application products in order to enhance fluoride effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the colour stability of 3 aesthetic fluoride-releasing restorative materials after application of 2 topical fluoride products. 15 disc shaped specimens were prepared for each restorative material and were divided into 3 groups. Topical fluorides were applied onto the specimens according to the manufacturer's instructions. The procedure of fluoride application was repeated twice. Colour properties of all specimens were evaluated at baseline and 48 hours after topical fluoride application. Colour analysis was performed using the spectrophotometer and CIE L*a*b*method. 3 consecutive readings were recorded for each specimen and L*, a*, b*parameters and a mean number of readings were calculated. According to the results, topical fluoride application products caused changes of colour properties in the examined materials, but these changes were clinically acceptable with the ΔΕ*value being below 3.3. In general, it can be concluded that fluoride application products can be safely used on the restorative materials without causing clinically significant colour changes.
mRNA overexpression of kallikrein-related peptidase 14 (KLK14) is an independent predictor of poor overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Kontos Christos K. , Adamopoulos Panagiotis G. , Papageorgiou Sotirios G. , Pappa Vassiliki , Scorilas Andreas
Published: July 2015

Tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) compose a family of serine endopeptidases with much clinical interest in oncology, as their potential as diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular biomarkers in several human malignancies has already been evidenced. However, none of the members of this family has ever been studied in hematological malignancies. Based on our preliminary results regarding the differential mRNA expression of several

Total RNA was isolated from 69 CLL patients and 31 non-leukemic blood donors. After reverse transcription of poly(A)-RNA,

According to ROC analysis,
One-dimensional porous Ag/AgBr/TiO2 nanofibres with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Ding Ming-Yue , Meng De-Shui , Tang Yan-Hong , Liu Cheng-Bin , Luo Sheng-Lian
Published: July 2015

One-dimensional (1D) Ag/AgBr/TiO
Thermogravimetric and Kinetic Analysis of Raw and Torrefied Biomass Combustion
Authors: Kopczyński Marcin , Plis Agnieszka , Zuwała Jarosław
Published: July 2015

The use of torrefied biomass as a substitute for untreated biomass may decrease some technological barriers that exist in biomass co-firing technologies e.g. low grindability, high moisture content, low energy density and hydrophilic nature of raw biomass. In this study the TG-MS-FTIR analysis and kinetic analysis of willow (Salix viminalis L.) and samples torrefied at 200, 220, 240, 260, 280 and 300 °C (TSWE 200, 220, 240, 260, 280 and 300), were performed. The TG-DTG curves show that in the case of willow and torrefied samples TSWE 200, 220, 240 and 260 there are pyrolysis and combustion stages, while in the case of TSWE 280 and 300 samples the peak associated with the pyrolysis process is negligible, in contrast to the peak associated with the combustion process. Analysis of the TG-MS results shows m/z signals of 18, 28, 29 and 44, which probably represent H2O, CO and CO2. The gaseous products were generated in two distinct ranges of temperature. H2O, CO and CO2 were produced in the 500 K to 650 K range with maximum yields at approximately 600 K. In the second range of temperature, 650 K to 800 K, only CO2 was produced with maximum yields at approximately 710 K as a main product of combustion process. Analysis of the FTIR shows that the main gaseous products of the combustion process were H2O, CO2, CO and some organics including bonds: C=O (acids, aldehydes and ketones), C=C (alkenes, aromatics), C-O-C (ethers) and C-OH. Lignin mainly contributes hydrocarbons (3000-2800 cm−1), while cellulose is the dominant origin of aldehydes (2860-2770 cm−1) and carboxylic acids (1790-1650 cm−1). Hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones and various acids were also generated from hemicellulose (1790-1650 cm−1). In the kinetic analysis, the two-steps first order model (F1F1) was assumed. Activation energy (Ea) values for the first stage (pyrolysis) increased with increasing torrefaction temperature from 93 to 133 kJ/mol, while for the second stage (combustion) it decreased from 146 to 109 kJ/mol for raw willow, as well as torrefied willow at the temperature range of 200-260°C. In the case of samples torrefied at 280 and 300°C, the Ea values of the first and second stage were comparable to Ea of untreated willow and torrefied at 200°C. It was also found that samples torrefied at a higher temperature, had a higher ignition point and also a shorter burning time.
Numerical Studies on Controlling Gaseous Fuel Combustion by Managing the Combustion Process of Diesel Pilot Dose in a Dual-Fuel Engine
Authors: Mikulski Maciej , Wierzbicki Sławomir , Piętak Andrzej
Published: July 2015

Protection of the environment and counteracting global warming require finding alternative sources of energy. One of the methods of generating energy from environmentally friendly sources is increasing the share of gaseous fuels in the total energy balance. The use of these fuels in compression-ignition (CI) engines is difficult due to their relatively high autoignition temperature. One solution for using these fuels in CI engines is operating in a dualfuel mode, where the air and gas mixture is ignited with a liquid fuel dose. In this method, a series of relatively complex chemical processes occur in the engine's combustion chamber, related to the combustion of individual fuel fractions that interact with one another. Analysis of combustion of specific fuels in this type of fuel injection to the engine is difficult due to the fact that combustion of both fuel fractions takes place simultaneously. Simulation experiments can be used to analyse the impact of diesel fuel combustion on gaseous fuel combustion. In this paper, we discuss the results of simulation tests of combustion, based on the proprietary multiphase model of a dual-fuel engine. The results obtained from the simulation allow for analysis of the combustion process of individual fuels separately, which expands the knowledge obtained from experimental tests on the engine.
The Future of the European Union
Authors: Rehman Scheherazade
Published: July 2015

The European Union (EU) currently comprised of 28 countries is heralded as the single most ambitious voluntary supra-national economic, trade and monetary arrangement in recent modern history. The initial impetus of this arrangement began in 1951 with The Coal and Steel Union amongst Germany, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, and Italy and it continues to evolve today. The most ambitious part of this arrangement is the economic and monetary union (EMU) of 19 EU members countries called the Eurozone. This grand experiment has recently faced its biggest stress test with a double dip recession – the 2008 global financial crisis and the 2010+ European sovereign debt crisis. While many experts focused on the lack of fiscal union to resolve the Eurozone’s current problems, the issues are more complex. Systemic risk in Eurozone originates in part from three principal areas: political issues, lack of a fiscal discipline enforcement mechanism, and market failure.
The effect of temperature and moisture content on the fracture behaviour of spruce and birch
Authors: Tukiainen Pekka , Hughes Mark
Published: July 2015

The fracture behaviour of wood is affected by, amongst other factors, its microscopic structure, moisture content and temperature, as well as the direction of crack propagation. Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) compact tension specimens were subjected to pure mode I loading in both the radial-tangential (RT) and tangential-radial (TR) orientations under four climatic conditions. The effect of microscopic structure on crack propagation was observed, and the “crack mouth opening displacement vs. load” histories were recorded, from which characteristic fracture parameters were calculated. The fracture surfaces were subsequently examined by optical microscopy. In both species, distinct changes in the fracture behaviour were observed as moisture content (MC) and temperature (T) were varied. The results were specific for the wood species, but MC and T influenced fracture behaviour in a similar way. The effects were more pronounced in birch than in spruce. Elevated T and MC did not affect the failure mode, except in the case of spruce in the RT orientation.
Effects of Mould Rotation on Element Segregation and Compact Density of Electroslag Ingots during Electroslag Remelting Process
Authors: Chang Lizhong , Shi Xiaofang , Wang Runxi , Cong Junqiang
Published: July 2015

Steel solidification process control, especially in the solidification process of high-alloy steel, and improving the solidification structure have been increasingly gaining interest among metallurgists, particularly the electroslag workers. To further develop the electroslag remelting (ESR) process and to improve the ingot solidification structure, the effects of mould rotation on chemical element distribution and the compact density were investigated in this study. The experimental results showed that chemical element distribution would become more uniform when the mould keeps the reasonable rotation rate. However, the excessive rotation rate would deteriorate the solidification structure of steel. When mould rotation rate was between 0 and 28 r/min, maximum segregation of carbon could decrease from 3.19 to 1.084, and statistical segregation decreased from 0.2636 to 0.0554. Maximum segregation of chromium could decrease from 1.316 to 1.131, and statistical segregation decreased from 0.2753 to 0.0657. The compact density increased from 0.7693 to 0.94. But element segregation would become bigger and compact density would become smaller if rotation rate further increased. The improvement in the solidification structure could be attributed to reasonable mould rotation rate which could initiate movement in the slag pool and further increase the uniformity of the temperature in the slag pool. At the same time, the movement in the slag pool could also affect the metal molten droplet, scattering the liquid drop randomly in the metal pool. But the excessive rotation rate made the slag pool violent motion, so as to drive the molten metal pool to rotate which would carry off enriched steel surrounding the dendrites in the mushy zone and reduce the solute content in the region. As a result, the element segregation would occur.
Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation using Exponential Families
Authors: Díaz Iván , Rosenblum Michael
Published: July 2015

Targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) is a general method for estimating parameters in semiparametric and nonparametric models. The key step in any TMLE implementation is constructing a sequence of least-favorable parametric models for the parameter of interest. This has been done for a variety of parameters arising in causal inference problems, by augmenting standard regression models with a “clever-covariate.” That approach requires deriving such a covariate for each new type of problem; for some problems such a covariate does not exist. To address these issues, we give a general TMLE implementation based on exponential families. This approach does not require deriving a clever-covariate, and it can be used to implement TMLE for estimating any smooth parameter in the nonparametric model. A computational advantage is that each iteration of TMLE involves estimation of a parameter in an exponential family, which is a convex optimization problem for which software implementing reliable and computationally efficient methods exists. We illustrate the method in three estimation problems, involving the mean of an outcome missing at random, the parameter of a median regression model, and the causal effect of a continuous exposure, respectively. We conduct a simulation study comparing different choices for the parametric submodel. We find that the choice of submodel can have an important impact on the behavior of the estimator in finite samples.
A New Simplified Bilinear Method for theN-Soliton Solutions for a Generalized FmKdV Equation with Time-Dependent Variable Coefficients
Authors: Alquran Marwan , Jaradat H.M. , Al-Shara’ Safwan , Awawdeh Fadi
Published: July 2015

In this paper a generalized fractional modified Korteweg–de Vries (FmKdV) equation with time-dependent variable coefficients, which is a generalized model in nonlinear lattice, plasma physics and ocean dynamics, is investigated. With the aid of a simplified bilinear method, fractional transforms and symbolic computation, the correspondingN-soliton solutions are given and illustrated. The characteristic line method and graphical analysis are applied to discuss the solitonic propagation and collision, including the bidirectional solitons and elastic interactions. Finally, the resonance phenomenon for the equation is examined.
How Social Class Shapes Attitudes on Economic Inequality: The Competing Forces of Self-Interest and Legitimation
Authors: Curtis Josh , Andersen Robert
Published: July 2015

Using survey data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and national-level statistics from various official sources, we explore how attitudes toward economic inequality are shaped by economic conditions across 24 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Consistent with the economic self-interest thesis, we find that where income inequality is low, those in lower economic positions tend to be less likely than those in higher economic positions to favor it being increased. On the other hand, where economic resources are highly unequally distributed, the adverse effects of inequality climb the class ladder, resulting in the middle classes being just as likely as the working class to favor a reduction in inequality. Our results further suggest that people tend to see current levels of inequality as legitimate, regardless of their own economic position, but nonetheless desire economic change—i.e., they would like to see inequality reduced—if they perceive it could improve their own economic situation.
Social Class, Life Events and Poverty Risks in Comparative European Perspective
Authors: Vandecasteele Leen
Published: July 2015

In this article I examine the role of social class for poverty transitions. Social class has traditionally been an important predictor of social inequalities, but it is sometimes argued that it has lost its relevance for explaining precariousness and economic risk in contemporary societies. This paper reviews the debate regarding the relevance of social class, the literature on life course dynamics as well as the tensions and links between the social stratification framework and the dynamic perspective on economic risk. In the empirical partI assess the importance of life events as predictors of poverty in combination with social stratification variables. The results show that the risk of experiencing poverty triggering life events is not equally spread across populations, but rather varies across welfare states and linked to social class, gender and education level. Secondly, random effects discrete-time hazard models in thirteen European countries show the relative importance of life course events and social stratification determinants as predictors of poverty entry.
Investigation of androgen receptor gene mutations in a series of 21 patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development
Authors: Topcu Vehap , Ilgin-Ruhi Hatice , Siklar Zeynep , Karabulut Halil Gurhan , Berberoglu Merih , Hacihamdioglu Bulent , Savas-Erdeve Senay , Aycan Zehra , Peltek-Kendirci Havva Nur , Ocal Gonul , Tukun Fatma Ajlan
Published: July 2015

Androgen receptor (

We direct sequenced all eight exons of the

We detected

Despite the fact that T/DHT ratio is frequently used in diagnosis of AIS, lack of precisely determined cutoffs compromises correct diagnosis. Hence, depending on clinical and biochemical findings solely may delay correct diagnosis. Direct sequence analysis of the
The effect of intraoperative administration of dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis on perioperative blood glucose level in obese and normal weight children
Authors: Gnatzy Richard , Hempel Gunther , Kaisers Udo X. , Höhne Claudia
Published: July 2015

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) can be reduced by dexamethasone. Single-dose administration may cause elevated blood glucose levels in obese adults. No data are available for children.

The aim was to evaluate perioperative blood glucose changes related to body weight in children who received dexamethasone.

This prospective observational study included 62 children. All patients received total intravenous anesthesia and a single dose of dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg, maximum 8 mg). Blood glucose levels were measured up to 6 h. Standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated using age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles, p<0.05.

A total of 62 children (11.5±2.9 years, median SDS 0.43, 29% overweight/obese) were included. Blood glucose levels increased from 5.52±0.52 to 6.74±0.84 mmol/L 6 h after dexamethasone without correlation to the BMI-SDS.

This study showed an increase of perioperative blood glucose (normoglycemic ranges) after single dose of dexamethasone, but no BMI-dependent effect was observed in children. Therefore, low-dose dexamethasone may be used in obese children for PONV prophylaxis.
Anaphylaxis to gonadorelin acetate in a girl with central precocious puberty
Authors: Akın Onur , Yavuz Süleyman Tolga , Hacıhamdioğlu Bülent , Sarı Erkan , Gürsel Orhan , Yeşilkaya Ediz
Published: July 2015

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are generally regarded as safe drugs. Gonadorelin acetate has been widely used for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty, and life-threatening reactions to gonadorelin acetate are extremely rare. Herein, we described – to the best of our knowledge – the first pediatric case in which severe anaphylaxis was encountered after intravenous gonadorelin acetate administration. An 8-year-old girl who was diagnosed with central precocious puberty was receiving triptorelin acetate treatment uneventfully for 6 months. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment, an LH-RH stimulation test with gonadorelin acetate was planned. Within 3 min after intravenous administration of gonadorelin acetate, she lost consciousness and tonic seizures began in her hands and feet. She was immediately treated with epinephrine, diphenhydramine, and fluids. Her vital signs recovered within 30 min. Based on the results, anaphylaxis should be anticipated and the administration of these drugs should be performed in a setting that is equipped to deal with systemic reactions.
Systematik der korrekten Laborabrechnung – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen: Ergänzung und Aktualisierung zum Artikel in J Lab Med 2014;38(4):179–205
Authors: Wohlfart Cornelia , Rathenberg Jan
Published: July 2015

In unserem Übersichtsartikel „Systematik der korrekten Laborabrechnung – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen“ (Rathenberg/Ivandic/Wohlfart, J Lab Med 2014;38(4):179–205) stellten wir die für die Abrechnung ärztlicher Laboruntersuchungen relevanten Aspekte zusammenfassend dar. Der dort geschaffene Überblick über die geltenden Abrechnungsregeln wird in diesem Artikel ergänzt und, wo aufgrund neuer rechtlicher Entwicklungen erforderlich, aktualisiert. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Themenkomplexen der ambulanten spezialfachärztlichen Versorgung (im Folgenden „ASV“ genannt) und der Abrechnung von Laborleistungen bei Selektivverträgen sowie Leistungskomplexen. Aber auch die Arbeitsmedizin sowie die Abrechnung im Zusammenhang mit Krankenhaus-Notfallambulanzen sind Gegenstand dieses Artikels. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es auch hier wieder, dem Leser eine Systematik an die Hand zu geben, die die praktische Umsetzung der rechtlichen Vorgaben im Rahmen der Laborabrechnung unterstützen soll.
Ecotourism as a Means of Conservation of the Landscape of Rodrigues Island
Authors: Jauze Jean-Michel
Published: July 2015

The Indian Ocean island of Rodrigues provides an interesting landscape case study. It offers a characteristic example of a small island territory whose natural and environmental resources have been overexploited by human activity and whose inhabitants are now clinging to the remains of its symbolic heritage in an attempt to implement conservation and sustainable reconstruction. From this perspective, rurality, with its attendant agricultural practices, its traditional gardens and its natural or humanized landscapes, has become an essential asset; one which the island is trying to promote by means of a tourist strategy based on the enhancement of economic and identity-focused parameters.
Tourist Neo-colonialism as an Indication of the Future of Islands. The Example of Borobodur (Central Java)
Authors: Cywiński Paweł
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper is to present the process of appropriation of public space by the tourism industry in island states with the example of the temple of Borobudur, addressing the question of the changing trends of the temple’s basic functions, from sacred to tourist functions, and the effects of the presented changes on the traditional users of the temple. The Borobudur temple complex has been (symbolically and practically) transferred from the hands of Buddhists into the hands of tourists. The Javanese cultural heritage has been commoditized in a systematic way and lacks religious functions. This is one example of how tourism increasingly appropriates spaces and redefines the meaning of cultural objects. Structural inhibitions to the Borobudur temple being used for traditional religious purposes can be considered an example of tourist neo-colonialism (both from the perspective of postcolonial theory and in light of previous research on the subject).
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide composite with Fe3O4
Authors: Chuanyu Sun , Yu Wang
Published: July 2015

In the paper, a magnetic composite of graphene oxide (MGO) has been successfully synthesized through decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonate in the mixture solution of triethylene glycol and graphene oxide (GO). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and superconducting quantum interference device were used to characterize the material. The results show that the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified graphene oxide composite with superparamagnetic properties, and magnetization saturation of 16.4 emu/g has been obtained. The MGO has a good sustained-release performance, and in vitro cytotoxicity confirming its secure use as a potential drug carrier.
Chitosan bionanocomposites prepared in the self-organized regime
Authors: Postnova Irina , Sarin Sergei , Silant’ev Vladimir , Ha Chang-Sik , Shchipunov Yury
Published: July 2015

Bionanocomposites in the self-organized regime are prepared when chitosan is gradually charged in the course of progressive change of pH by hydrolyzing D-glucono-δ-lactone in solutions of nanoparticles bearing negative charges on their surface. This novel approach is applicable to the formation of monolithic hydrogels and films. Here bionanocomposites of chitosan with clay nanoparticles of saponite and sepiolite having various geometry and with oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes are considered. Structural organization of hydrogels and films is studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as small angle X-ray scattering. Jellification is caused by generation of three-dimensional network from fibrils, whereas films have pronounced stratified layer (nacre-like) structure from stacked nanoparticles and aligned chitosan macromolecules. Special attention is paid to mechanical properties of films that are improved drastically with introducing nanoparticles.
Ocena równowagi kobiet po 60 roku życia/ Assessment of Balance women over 60 years of age
Authors: Wyszyńska Justyna , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna , Pop Teresa , Snela Sławomir
Published: July 2015

Streszczenie

Wstęp: Prawidłowa rownowaga jest funkcją warunkującą właściwie wykonywanie czynności z zakresu dnia codziennego. Związane z wiekiem osłabienie reakcji sensorycznych i ruchowych, może spowodować niestabilność postawy oraz zwiększone ryzyko upadkow.

Celem pracy jest określenie rożnic w wartościach parametrow charakteryzujących rownowagę kobiet po 60 roku życia.

Materiał i metody: Do badań przystąpiło łącznie 180 kobiet: 98 kobiet w wieku od 60 do 92 lat (x= 71 lat) oraz 82 kobiety w wieku od 21 do 26 lat (x= 22 lata). Przy użyciu platformy stabilometrycznej, oceniono rownowagę pozycji stojącej w probie z oczami otwartymi oraz zamkniętymi. Oceniono 6 rożnych parametrow ruchu środka nacisku stop (COP).

Wyniki: Analiza statystyczna wykazała istotne rożnice w większości badanych parametrow rownowagi kobiet po 60 roku życia w porownaniu do kobiet z grupy kontrolnej.

Wnioski: 1) Wraz z wiekiem zachodzą istotne zmiany w procesie utrzymywania rownowagi powodujące rosnący deficyt stabilności ciała. 2) Kobiety po 60 roku życia wykazują gorszą stabilność postawy niż kobiety młodsze w zakresie każdego analizowanego parametru z wyjątkiem wychyleń w płaszczyźnie czołowej.
Osteoporoza w mukowiscydozie/ Osteoporosis in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kołodziej Magdalena , Wiśniowska Agnieszka
Published: July 2015

Streszczenie

Mukowiscydoza jest chorobą uwarunkowaną genetycznie spowodowaną nieprawidłowym działaniem transbłonowego regulatora mukowiscydozy. Choroba ta manifestuje się przede wszystkim w układzie oddechowym oraz pokarmowym. W przebiegu mukowiscydozy obserwuje się także zmiany w układzie kostno- stawowym, takie jak występowanie obniżonej gęstości kości, a w konsekwencji osteopenii i osteoporozy. Najczęściej wykorzystywanym badaniem diagnostycznym osteoporozy jest densytometria wykonywana średnio co 2 do 5 lat. Inne badania to oznaczenie poziomu witamin D i K, wapnia oraz markerow obrotu kostnego. W leczeniu osteoporozy wykorzystuje się farmakoterapię i fizjoterapię. Leczenie farmakologiczne to przede wszystkim suplementacja witaminami D i K oraz wapniem jak rownież stosowanie bifosfonianow, parathormonu lub terapia hormonem wzrostu. Farmakoterapia osteoporozy jest trudna ze względu na wzajemną interakcję lekow oraz niekorzystny wpływ niektorych lekow stosowanych w leczeniu mukowiscydozy np. steroidow na gęstość kości. Stosując leczenie farmakologiczne nie możemy zaniedbywać istotnego terapeutycznego działania jakim jest fizjoterapia. Terapia drog oddechowych, ćwiczenia ogolnousprawniające i zwiększona aktywność fizyczna w codziennym życiu są zasadniczymi elementami kompleksowego postępowania leczniczego. Wpływają na długotrwałą poprawę wynikow leczenia oraz na wydłużenie i jakość życia pacjentow. Konsekwencje mukowiscydozy, takie jak bole mięśniowo-szkieletowe, wady postawy czy cukrzyca wymagają wdrożenia odpowiedniej strategii postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego.
Zmienność wyników sportowych w pływaniu mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012/ Variability of sports results in men’s with locomotor disabilities swimming during the Paralympic Games in the years 2000 – 2012
Authors: Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Rutkowska Izabela , Skowroński Waldemar
Published: July 2015

Streszczenie

Wstęp: Pływanie jest jedną z najpopularniejszych dyscyplin sportu uprawianych przez osoby niepełnosprawne, o czym może świadczyć wzrastająca liczba uczestnikow podczas kolejnych Igrzysk Paraolimpijskich (IP). Jednym ze sposobow oceny poziomu sportowego w danej dyscyplinie jest analiza wynikow z zawodow najwyższej rangi. Stąd celem pracy było porownanie wynikow sportowych, uzyskanych przez mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu w pływaniu w danej klasie startowej (1-10) na IP w latach 2000-2012.

Materiał i metody: Analizie poddano wyniki uzyskane przez mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu w pływaniu wszystkimi stylami, na wszystkich dystansach rozgrywanych podczas IP w latach 2000-2012. Do oceny istotności rożnic pomiędzy wynikami uzyskanymi przez zawodnikow wykorzystano test U Manna Whitney’a. Przyjęto poziom istotności p<0,05.

Wyniki: Zaobserwowano istotne statystycznie rożnice w poziomie (wzrost) uzyskiwanych wynikow we wszystkich klasach startowych w każdym ze stylow na rozgrywanych dystansach podczas kolejnych IP. Na przestrzeni 8 i 12 lat niemal wszystkie rożnice były istotne statystycznie. Taki kierunek zmian był najbardziej widoczny w przypadku zawodnikow z wyższych klas startowych (6-10).

Wnioski: Na podstawie analizy rezultatow pracy zaobserwowano wzrost poziomu wynikow uzyskiwanych przez mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu w pływaniu. Może to świadczyć o dużym zainteresowaniu tą formą ruchu wśrod osob niepełnosprawnych, szczegolnie z mniejszym deficytem funkcjonalnym. Powinno się zwrocić uwagę na zwiększenie udziału w rywalizacji zawodnikow niskich klas startowych (1-5).