bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of rice straw and rice straw ash on rice growth and α-diversity of bacterial community in rare-earth mining soils
Authors: Jin Shulan , Jin Wei , Dong Chengxu , Bai Yijun , Jin Decai , Hu Zhongjun , Huang Yizong
Published: June 2020

Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of rice straw (RS) and rice straw ash (RSA) on the growth of early rice and α-diversity of bacterial community in soils around rare earth mining areas of Xunwu and Xinfeng counties in South Jiangxi of China. The results showed that the exploitation of rare earth resources leads to soil pollution around rare earth mining areas and affects the growth of rice, and the content of rare earth elements (REEs) in rice was positively correlated with that in soils and negative correlated with dry weight of rice; The addition of RS to soils around REE mining area can inhibit growth of early rice, and the dry weight of rice grains, shoots, roots is lower when compared with the controls, while the content of REEs is higher. The α-diversity of soil bacterial decreases, which promotes the growth of Pseudorhodoferax, Phenylobacterium and other bacteria of the same kind, and inhibits the growth of beneficial bacteria. The addition of RSA to soils had no significant effect on α-diversity of soil bacterial but promoted the growth of Azospira and other beneficial bacteria, inhibited the growth of Bryobacter and other bacteria of the same kind, significantly improved the dry weight of grains, shoots and roots of early rice, and reduced the content of REEs in these parts of rice. It can be concluded that RS is unsuitable to be added to the planting soil of early rice in REE mining area, while RSA is suitable.
Prediction of disulfide bond engineering sites using a machine learning method
Authors: Gao Xiang , Dong Xiaoqun , Li Xuanxuan , Liu Zhijie , Liu Haiguang
Published: June 2020

Disulfide bonds are covalently bonded sulfur atoms from cysteine pairs in protein structures. Due to the importance of disulfide bonds in protein folding and structural stability, artificial disulfide bonds are often engineered by cysteine mutation to enhance protein structural stability. To facilitate the experimental design, we implemented a method based on neural networks to predict amino acid pairs for cysteine mutations to form engineered disulfide bonds. The designed neural network was trained with high-resolution structures curated from the Protein Data Bank. The testing results reveal that the proposed method recognizes 99% of natural disulfide bonds. In the test with engineered disulfide bonds, the algorithm achieves similar accuracy levels with other state-of-the-art algorithms in published dataset and better performance for two comprehensively studied proteins with 70% accuracy, demonstrating potential applications in protein engineering. The neural network framework allows exploiting the full features in distance space, and therefore improves accuracy of the disulfide bond engineering site prediction. The source code and a web server are available at http://liulab.csrc.ac.cn/ssbondpre.
The concept of foam as a drug carrier for intraperitoneal chemotherapy, feasibility, cytotoxicity and characteristics
Authors: Schubert Justyna , Khosrawipour Tanja , Reinhard Sören , Arafkas Mohamed , Martino Alice , Bania Jacek , Pieczka Marek , Pigazzi Alessio , Khosrawipour Veria
Published: June 2020

For decades, intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) was delivered into the abdominal cavity as a liquid solution. This preliminary study aims to evaluate foam as a potential new drug carrier for IPC delivery. Foam-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy (FBIC) was produced with taurolidine, hydrogen peroxide, human serum, potassium iodide and doxorubicin/ oxaliplatin for both ex vivo and in vitro experiments. Analysis of FBIC efficacy included evaluation of cytotoxicity, tissue penetration, foam stability, temperature changes and total foam volume per time evaluation. FBIC showed penetration rates of about 275 ± 87 µm and higher cytotoxicity compared to controls and to conventional liquid IPC (p < 0.005). The volume of the generated foam was approximately 50-times higher than the initial liquid solution and temporarily stable. Foam core temperature was measured and increased to 47 °C after 9 min. Foam ingredients (total protein content) were evenly distributed within different locations. Our preliminary results are quite encouraging and indicate that FBIC is a feasible approach. However, in order to discuss a possible superior effect over conventional liquid or aerosolized chemo applications, further studies are required to investigate pharmacologic, pharmacodynamic and physical properties of FBIC.
Muscle strength and gait speed rather than lean mass are better indicators for poor cognitive function in older men
Authors: Sui Sophia X. , Holloway-Kew Kara L. , Hyde Natalie K. , Williams Lana J. , Leach Sarah , Pasco Julie A.
Published: June 2020

We aimed to examine muscle strength, function and mass in relation to cognition in older men. This cross-sectional data-set included 292 men aged ≥60 yr. Handgrip strength (kg) was measured by dynamometry, gait speed by 4-metre walk (m/s) and appendicular lean mass (kg) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Cognition was assessed across four domains: psychomotor function, attention, visual learning and working memory. Composite scores for overall cognition were calculated. Bivariate analyses indicated that handgrip strength and gait speed were positively associated with cognitive function. After accounting for confounders, positive associations between individual muscle (or physical) measures and cognitive performance were sustained for handgrip strength and psychomotor function, gait speed and psychomotor function, gait speed and attention, handgrip strength and overall cognition, and gait speed and overall cognition. In multivariable models, handgrip strength and gait speed independently predicted psychomotor function and overall cognition. No associations were detected between lean mass and cognition after adjusting for confounders. Thus, low muscle strength and slower gait speed, rather than low lean mass, were associated with poor cognition in older men.
Wide Bandwidth Angle- and Polarization-Insensitive Symmetric Metamaterial Absorber for X and Ku Band Applications
Authors: Hannan Saif , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Almutairi Ali F. , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a wide bandwidth angle- and polarization-insensitive symmetric metamaterial (MM) absorber for X and Ku band is proposed. For both normal and oblique incidence in TEM mode, the proposed unit cell shows high absorption at different polarizing angles due to structural symmetry. A four-fold resonator was introduced in the unit cell to enhance the bandwidth. The performance of the proposed absorber is determined by both full-wave simulations and measurements. The simulated and measured absorptions are almost similar at normal incidence with 94.63%, 95.58%, 97% and 75.58% at 11.31 GHz, 14.11 GHz, 14.23 GHz, and 17.79 GHz respectively. At 45° for these frequencies, the absorptions are 95.47%, 97.2%, 97.12% and 75.29% respectively. For 90°, the absorptions are similar to those for 45° except 98.15% for 14.21 GHz. At all these angles and resonance frequencies, either permittivity or permeability was found negative, as a result, the refractive index was negative revealing metamaterial characteristics of the unit cell. Along with high absorptivity and wide incidence angle insensitivity up to 90°, a total of 1.42 GHz of absorption bandwidth was achieved, which is better than recent similar works with FR4 substrate.
Hybrid PET/MRI enables high-spatial resolution, quantitative imaging of amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Frost Georgia R. , Longo Valerie , Li Thomas , Jonas Lauren A. , Judenhofer Martin , Cherry Simon , Koutcher Jason , Lekaye Carl , Zanzonico Pat , Li Yue-Ming
Published: June 2020

The emergence of PET probes for amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD), enables monitoring of pathology in AD mouse models. However, small-animal PET imaging is limited by coarse spatial resolution. We have installed a custom-fabricated PET insert into our small-animal MRI instrument and used PET/MRI hybrid imaging to define regions of amyloid vulnerability in 5xFAD mice. We compared fluorine-18 [18F]-Florbetapir uptake in the 5xFAD brain by dedicated small-animal PET/MRI and PET/CT to validate the quantitative measurement of PET/MRI. Next, we used PET/MRI to define uptake in six brain regions. As expected, uptake was comparable to wild-type in the cerebellum and elevated in the cortex and hippocampus, regions implicated in AD. Interestingly, uptake was highest in the thalamus, a region often overlooked in AD studies. Development of small-animal PET/MRI enables tracking of brain region-specific pathology in mouse models, which may prove invaluable to understanding AD progression and therapeutic development.
Loss of Complement Factor H impairs antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism of human RPE cells
Authors: Armento Angela , Honisch Sabina , Panagiotakopoulou Vasiliki , Sonntag Inga , Jacob Anke , Bolz Sylvia , Kilger Ellen , Deleidi Michela , Clark Simon , Ueffing Marius
Published: June 2020

Polymorphisms in the Complement Factor H (CFH) gene, coding for the Factor H protein (FH), can increase the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD-associated CFH risk variants, Y402H in particular, impair FH function leading to complement overactivation. Whether this alone suffices to trigger AMD pathogenesis remains unclear. In AMD, retinal homeostasis is compromised due to the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. To investigate the impact of endogenous FH loss on RPE cell balance, we silenced CFH in human hTERT-RPE1 cells. FH reduction led to accumulation of C3, at both RNA and protein level and increased RPE vulnerability toward oxidative stress. Mild hydrogen-peroxide exposure in combination with CFH knock-down led to a reduction of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, paralleled by an increase in lipid peroxidation, which is a key aspect of AMD pathogenesis. In parallel, cell viability was decreased. The perturbations of energy metabolism were accompanied by transcriptional deregulation of several glucose metabolism genes as well as genes modulating mitochondrial stability. Our data suggest that endogenously produced FH contributes to transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis and protects RPE cells from oxidative stress, highlighting a novel role of FH in AMD pathogenesis.
Physiological and molecular mechanisms governing the effect of virus-free chewing cane seedlings on yield and quality
Authors: Wang Kai-li , Deng Quan-qing , Chen Jian-wen , Shen Wan-kuan
Published: June 2020

The effects of increasing yield and quality of virus-free chewing cane seedlings and their physiological and molecular basis were studied in this study. Results showed that compared with infected seedlings (the control), the yield of chewing cane stems grown from virus-free seedlings increased by 21.81–29.93%, stem length increased by 28.66–34.49 cm, internode length increased by 2.16–2.68 cm, the single stem weight increased by 20.10–27.68%, the reducing sugar increased by 0.91–1.15% (absolute value), and sucrose increased by − 0.06–1.33% (absolute value). The decrease in sucrose content did not reach significant level, but all other parameters were reached significant level. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters such as stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr), the activity of photosynthetic key enzymes ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and gene (pepc, rbcS, and rbcL) expression levels were all greater in virus-free seedlings than infected seedlings. The content of superoxide anion (O2−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in virus-free seedlings was lower than infected seedlings at the main growth stage. With increased development, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were gradually higher in virus-free seedlings than infected seedlings. Our results indicate that virus-free seedlings may improve photosynthesis efficiency and promote photosynthesis by increasing chlorophyll content, photosynthetic key enzyme activity, and the gene expression levels in leaves. By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, and improving the stress resistance of chewing cane, the virus-free chewing cane seedlings increased yield and quality. Our findings provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the promotion and application of virus-free chewing cane seedlings.
Publisher Correction: Re-estimation improved the performance of two Framingham cardiovascular risk equations and the Pooled Cohort equations: A nationwide registry analysis
Authors: Wallisch Christine , Heinze Georg , Rinner Christoph , Mundigler Gerald , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Dunkler Daniela
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Photovoltaic nanowires affect human lung cell proliferation under illumination conditions
Authors: Olsson Therese B. , Abariute Laura , Hrachowina Lukas , Barrigón Enrique , Volpati Diogo , Limpert Steven , Otnes Gaute , Borgström Magnus T. , Prinz Christelle N.
Published: June 2020

Photovoltaic nanowires, in combination with light illumination, can be used to steer cell behaviour.
Two-dimensional identification and localization of isomers in crystallin peptides using TWIM-MS
Authors: Wu Hoi-Ting , Julian Ryan R.
Published: June 2020

Recent studies have illuminated connections between spontaneous chemical reactions that cause isomerization at specific protein residues and various age-related diseases including cataracts and Alzheimer's.
The selective and sensitive detection of formaldehyde by ZIF-90-LWvia aza-Cope rearrangement
Authors: Mengwen Li , Ao Shen , Yueqi Liang , Hao Zhen , Xiaohui Hao , Xueliang Liu , Xinchao Sun , Yunxu Yang
Published: June 2020

Selective and sensitive detection of formaldehyde by ZIF-90-LWvia aza-Cope rearrangement.
A late appearing polymorph of nutraceutical pterostilbene
Authors: Bofill Lídia , de Sande Dafne , Barbas Rafael , Frontera Antonio , Prohens Rafel
Published: June 2020

A late appearing polymorph of pterostilbene has been analyzed computationally to explain its higher stability with respect to previously known forms.
Achieving high thermal stability of different rare-earth ions in a single matrix host via the manipulation of the local structure by a solid solution
Authors: Yang Xiuxia , Zhao Lei , Liu Zhichao , Tian Shuyu , Zhang Hao , Xu Xuhui , Qiu Jianbei , Yu Xue
Published: June 2020

Manipulating the local environment of CAS by substitution of Al3+–Y3+ for Si4+–Ca2+ to achieve more stability in the structure of CYA.
Hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites: a review of improper ferroelectricity, magnetoelectric coupling, and unusual domain walls
Authors: Li Menglei , Tan Hengxin , Duan Wenhui
Published: June 2020

In this review, the multiferroic properties, vortex domain patterns and non-stoichiometric effect in hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites are discussed.
Luminescent Pt(2,6-bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine)X+: a comparison with the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of Pt(tpy)X+(X = Cl, CCPh, Ph, or CH3)
Authors: Shingade Vikas M. , Grove Levi J. , Connick William B.
Published: June 2020

Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of photoluminescent Pt(2,6-bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine)X+have been discussed and contrasted with that of the archetypal Pt(tpy)X+for better understanding of their electronic structures.
Photo-assisted synthesis of inorganic polyoxovanadate
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Wang Yan , Wu Niannian , Zhang Jun , Liu Bo
Published: June 2020

We report a photo-assisted synthesis of inorganic mixed-valence polyoxovanadate, [C9H14N]6[V15O36Cl], and reveal the kinetics of oxovanadate formation and the dynamics of crystal growth under photo irradiation.
Formylation of a metathesis-derivedansa[4]-ferrocene: a simple route to anticancer organometallics
Authors: Mazur Maria , Mrozowicz Michał , Buchowicz Włodzimierz , Koszytkowska-Stawińska Mariola , Kamiński Radosław , Ochal Zbigniew , Wińska Patrycja , Bretner Maria
Published: June 2020

Ansa-Ferrocenealdehyde, obtained by formylation of a metathesis-derivedansa-ferrocene, was transformed into a conjugate with triazole and uracil with anticancer activity.
Dual-emissive metal–organic framework: a novel turn-on and ratiometric fluorescent sensor for highly efficient and specific detection of hypochlorite
Authors: Zeng Yong-Nian , Zheng He-Qi , He Xing-Hao , Cao Gao-Juan , Wang Bin , Wu Kechen , Lin Zu-Jin
Published: June 2020

A dual-emissive metal–organic framework was synthesized, and it represents the first MOF-based fluorescent ratiometric sensor for the turn-on sensing of hypochlorite with high efficiency and specificity.
Integration of metal organic frameworks with enzymes as multifunctional solids for cascade catalysis
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Asiri Abdullah M. , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: June 2020

This work describes the recent developments in the integration of enzymes with metal organic frameworks as multifunctional solids for cascade (bio)catalysis.
Heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalyst for C–C bond oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols in aerobic micellar medium
Authors: Niu Tengfei , Chen Shengjun , Hong Mei , Zhang Tianhao , Chen Jiayang , Dong Xinyu , Ni Bangqing
Published: June 2020

A visible-light promoted oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols by using CN620 as a recyclable photocatalyst in aerobic micellar medium has been developed.
Rapid and accurate SIMS microanalysis of monazite oxygen isotopes
Authors: Wu Li-Guang , Li Qiu-Li , Liu Yu , Tang Guo-Qiang , Lu Kai , Ling Xiao-Xiao , Li Xian-Hua
Published: June 2020

28Si–18O–16O simultaneous measurement by SIMS enables matrix-effect correction of monazite oxygen isotopes.
High performance photocatalytic and thermoelectric two-dimensional asymmetrically ordered Janus-like MXene alloys
Authors: Wong Zicong Marvin , Deng Tianqi , Shi Wen , Wu Gang , Tan Teck Leong , Yang Shuo-Wang
Published: June 2020

Novel Janus-like 2D TiMoCO2 MXene alloys with high performance vis-IR water-splitting photocatalytic and thermoelectric capabilities.
Tuning the electronic energy level of covalent organic frameworks for crafting high-rate Na-ion battery anode
Authors: Haldar Sattwick , Kaleeswaran Dhananjayan , Rase Deepak , Roy Kingshuk , Ogale Satishchandra , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: June 2020

Lowering the LUMO levels of an anodic COF through the incorporation of N-rich modules favors electron accumulation on it, which sets up an electronic drive for the Na+ions to enter the anode from the electrolyte. The optimal framework⋯Na+interactions delivers excellent rate-performance.
Mercury adsorption in the gas phase by regenerable Au-loaded activated carbon foams: a kinetic and reaction mechanism study
Authors: Antuña-Nieto Cristina , Rodríguez Elena , López-Antón M. Antonia , García Roberto , Martínez-Tarazona M. Rosa
Published: June 2020

External diffusion is the rate-controlling step in the adsorption of gas phase Hg0with Au-loaded activated carbon foams (pseudo-first order kinetic model).
Rationally designed RGO@CuO@Mn2O3as an excellent electrocatalyst for the rapid and real-time detection of 2-nitrophenol
Authors: Sriram Balasubramanian , Kogularasu Sakthivel , Wang Sea-Fue , Sheu Jinn-Kong
Published: June 2020

Rationally designed and functional electronic structures of TMOs (precisely Cu and Mn) with purposeful morphologies were prepared using a facile synthetic method.
An accurate and portable colorimetric chemosensor for S2− detection via two complementary mechanisms
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhang Ying , Miao Shiyi , Wang Mingyue , Yang Baocheng
Published: June 2020

A chemosensor based on two complementary mechanisms of color mixing and the recovery of uncoordinated carboxyl groups has been developed, which makes S2− detection in water more accurate.
Round, round we go – strategies for enzymatic cofactor regeneration
Authors: Mordhorst Silja , Andexer Jennifer N.
Published: June 2020

Combined with an efficient and flexible regeneration system, cofactor-dependent enzymes can be used to selectively introduce modifications in complex molecules.
Ibuprofen sorptive efficacy of zirconium caged date seed derived steam activated alginate beads in a static bed column
Authors: Chakraborty Prasenjit , Halder Gopinath
Published: June 2020

The sorption capability of zirconium coupled sodium alginate beads of steam activated biochar derived from date seed (Zr(DSPB)Al) was explored towards Ibuprofen (IBP) removal from simulated water solution in a static bed column.
Solvent-induced selectivity of Williamson etherification in the pursuit of amides resistant against oxidative degradation
Authors: Derr James B. , Clark John A. , Morales Maryann , Espinoza Eli M. , Vadhin Sandra , Vullev Valentine I.
Published: June 2020

Selective etherification produces precursors for amides resistant to oxidative degradation, i.e., showing reversible oxidation at 1.5 to 1.7 V vs. SCE.
Dye degradation performance, bactericidal behavior and molecular docking analysis of Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Ikram M. , Umar E. , Raza A. , Haider A. , Naz S. , Ul-Hamid A. , Haider J. , Shahzadi I. , Hassan J. , Ali S.
Published: June 2020

Copper-doped TiO2 was prepared with a sol–gel chemical method.
Total synthesis of quinolactacin-H from marine-derived Penicillium sp. ENP701 and biological activities
Authors: Zhu Jin-xin , Lu Yaojia , Chen Jun , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Huawei , Bao Xiaoze , Ye Xinyi , Wang Hong
Published: June 2020

Quinolactacin-H is a new pyrroloquinoline-type natural product isolated from a marine Penicillium sp. ENP701. We total synthesize (R)- and (S)-quinolactacin-H. Both (R)- and (S)-quinolactacin-H show inhibit and disperse Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms.
Solar-driven tandem photoredox nickel-catalysed cross-coupling using modified carbon nitride
Authors: Qin Yangzhong , Martindale Benjamin C. M. , Sun Rui , Rieth Adam J. , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: June 2020

Nickel-catalysed aryl amination and etherification are driven with sunlight using a surface-modified carbon nitride to extend the absorption of the photocatalyst such that they may be driven with solar light.
Radical condensation between benzylic alcohols and acetamides to form 3-arylpropanamides
Authors: Azizi Kobra , Madsen Robert
Published: June 2020

Benzylic alcohols and acetamides are coupled into 3-arylpropanamides by a new radical condensation through the radical anion of the alcohol.
Robust output voltage control of a high gain DC–DC converter under applied load and input voltage uncertainties
Authors: Akhormeh Ahmad Reza Naderi , Akhormeh Alireza Naderi , Abbaszadeh Karim
Published: June 2020

In this study, using robust and adaptive approaches, two controllers are designed to compensate for the applied load and input voltage uncertainties of a high voltage gain dc–dc converter. These controllers are designed based on measuring only the output voltage of the converter. The permissible ranges of the uncertainties are calculated using dynamics equations analysis while practical limitations are considered. In the first approach, an input multiplicative uncertainty is considered for the model of the converter by linearisation of non‐linear equations as well as using permissible ranges of the uncertainty. Then, a robust H∞ controller is designed. In the second approach, the converter model is considered as a first‐order dynamics model with the unknown parameters and an unknown additive term while a direct robust model reference adaptive controller is designed for it. Finally, the non‐linear equations of the converter are simulated and the performances of the controllers are compared with each other. The control methods are then implemented on a 200 W prototype of a converter for evaluating the simulations results.
Homogenization of 3D metamaterial particle arrays for oblique propagation via a point-dipole analysis
Authors: Karamanos Theodosios , Zygiridis Theodoros , Kantartzis Nikolaos
Published: June 2020

A rigorous technique for the consistent calculation of the effective parameters of infinite three-dimensional metamaterial particle arrays in the realistic case of oblique wave propagation, is presented in this paper. The extracted polarizabilities of the consisting scatterer and the numerically retrieved wavenumber for the obliquely propagating electromagnetic waves are systematically inserted into a properly modified first-principles homogenization technique, thus leading to the characterization of the effective medium. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to two popular, anisotropic metamaterial resonators.
Kinematic SAMI : a new real-time multi-sensor data assimilation strategy for nonlinear modal identification
Authors: Goeller Adrien , Dion Jean-Luc , Le Breton Ronan , Soriano Thierry
Published: June 2020

In many engineering applications, the vibration analysis of a structure requires the set up of a large number of sensors. These studies are mostly performed in post processing and based on linear modal analysis. However, many studied devices highlight that modal parameters depend on the vibration level non linearities and are performed with sensors as accelerometers that modify the dynamics of the device. This work proposes a significant evolution of modal testing based on the real time identification of non linear parameters (natural frequencies and damping) tracked with a linear modal basis. This method, called Kinematic-SAMI (for multiSensors Assimilation Modal Identification) is assessed firstly on a numerical case with known non linearities and secondly in the framework of a classical cantilever beam with contactless measurement technique (high speed and high resolution cameras). Finally, the efficiency and the limits of the method are discussed.
Wie Kinder Essen erleben und erlernen
Authors: Gätjen Edith
Published: June 2020

Erwachsene haben Erwartungen… Kinder sollen erst flüssig, dann breiig, zuletzt stückig, stets planmäßig, möglichst sauber, immer in der vorgesehenen Menge, besonders gesund, vollwertig, durchgehend freudig, gerne neugierig ernährt werden! Aber gut essende Kinder fallen nicht einfach von den Bäumen. Denn Kinder haben Bedürfnisse; sie wollen in Beziehung, mit Begleitung, Selbstvertrauen, Verlässlichkeit, Kontinuität und mit Aufmerksamkeit essen lernen.
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel auf Brokkolibasis – wie sieht die Qualitätssituation aus?
Authors: Hensel Andreas , Lechtenberg Matthias
Published: June 2020

Brokkoli (Spargelkohl) ist eine Kulturform des Gemüsekohls (Brassica oleracea L.) und stammt aus der Familie der Kreuzblütler (Brassicaceae). Brokkoli verbreitete sich von Italien kommend (var. italica) in ganz Europa und avancierte nach und nach auch hierzulande zu einem sehr geschätzten Gemüse. Brokkoli ist in morphologisch-anatomischer Sicht ein Blütenstandgemüse und wird deshalb wie der verwandte Blumenkohl zu den Infloreszenzkohlen gerechnet.

Wie auch viele andere Arten aus der Familie der Brassicaceae zeichnet sich Brokkoli durch das Vorkommen bioaktiver Glucosinolate („Senfölglucoside“) aus. Vor allem das in jungen Sprossen und Samen in hoher Konzentration vorkommende Glucoraphanin (und sein enzymatisches Abbauprodukt Sulforaphan) soll über chemoprotektive Wirkungen das Entstehen und den Verlauf von Krebserkrankungen positiv beeinflussen.

Es gibt bislang keine Arzneimittelzulassungen für Präparate, die Brokkoliextrakte enthalten. Auch ist bislang keiner der bei der EFSA beantragten „Health Claims“ für Lebensmittel autorisiert worden. Dessen ungeachtet hat sich mittlerweile vor allem im Internet ein breiter Markt an Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (NEM) auf Brokkolibasis etabliert.

Um den Gehalt an wertbestimmenden Glucosinolaten in diesen Produkten und damit deren Qualität einschätzen zu können, wurde mit einer eigens dafür entwickelten analytischen Methode eine kleine Stichprobe (14 Präparate) an marktüblichen NEM untersucht. Die Auswertung der qualitativen und quantitativen Ergebnisse offenbarte sehr große Qualitätsunterschiede. In weniger als der Hälfte aller untersuchten Fälle konnte eine uneingeschränkte Übereinstimmung mit der Deklaration festgestellt werden, einige Produkte zeigten leichte Abweichungen zur Deklaration und in nicht wenigen Fällen war trotz Deklaration weder Glucoraphanin noch Sulforaphan im Produkt nachweisbar.
Wie Sie bei Vorträgen, Präsentationen und Besprechungen punkten
Authors: Woll Corinne
Published: June 2020

Effiziente Besprechungen im OP-Team, eine mitreißende Präsentation für die Klinikmitarbeitenden oder ein wirkungsvoller Vortrag bei einem Fachsymposium – wir haben praxisnahe Tipps zusammengestellt, mit denen Sie bei Ihren Zuhörenden punkten können.
Mediterrane Diät vor und während der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Pannenbäcker Arved , Obeid Rima
Published: June 2020

Im Vergleich zu veganen und vegetarischen Ernährungsformen ist die mediterrane Diät (MD) vielfältiger, ausgewogener in Bezug auf Makro- und Mikronährstoffe und mithilfe von Score-Systemen in der Literatur besser definiert. Studien weisen darauf hin, dass die MD vor und während der Schwangerschaft protektive Effekte auf die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind haben kann, so z. B. gegenüber Gestationsdiabetes, Präeklampsie, einem niedrigen Geburtsgewicht oder Frühgeburtlichkeit.
Patients’ Perspectives on Psychiatric Pharmacogenetic Testing
Authors: Liko Ina , Lai Erika , Griffin Rachel J. , Aquilante Christina L. , Lee Yee Ming
Published: June 2020

Introduction There is growing interest to adopt pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in psychiatric medicine, despite mixed views regarding its clinical utility. Nevertheless, providers are utilizing PGx testing among patients with mental health disorders. This study sought to assess genotyped patients’ perspectives and experiences with psychiatric PGx testing.

Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted among patients with depression who had undergone psychiatric PGx testing. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed inductively and deductively for salient themes.

Results Twenty patients (100% Caucasian, 60% female, mean age 39±18 years) were interviewed. The majority of the PGx tests were provider-initiated for patients who failed multiple pharmacotherapies (50%) and/or had medication intolerances (45%). Patients’ pre-testing expectations ranged from hopefulness to indifference to skepticism. Their post-testing experiences varied from optimism to disappointment, with the perceived value of the test influenced by the results and cost of the test.

Discussion Genotyped patients had mixed perspectives, expectations, and experiences with psychiatric PGx testing. Their perceived value of the test was influenced by the test outcomes and its cost.
Dearomatization Reactions of Indoles to Access 3D Indoline Structures
Authors: Vincent Guillaume , Abou-Hamdan Hussein , Kouklovsky Cyrille
Published: June 2020

This Account summarizes our involvement in the development of dearomatization reactions of indoles that has for origin a total synthesis problematic. We present the effort from our group to obtain 3D-indolines scaffold from the umpolung of N-acyl indoles via activation with FeCl3 to the oxidative spirocyclizations of N-EWG indoles and via the use of electrochemistry.

1 Introduction

2 Activation of N-Acyl Indoles with FeCl3

2.1 Hydroarylation of N-Acyl Indoles

2.2 Difunctionalization of N-Acyl Indoles

3 Radical-Mediated Dearomatization of Indoles for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indolines

4 Electrochemical Dearomatization of Indoles

4.1 Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles

4.2 Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles

5 Conclusion
Rhodium(I) Complexes as Useful Tools for the Activation of Fluoroolefins
Authors: Braun Thomas , Talavera María
Published: June 2020

In this account we describe studies on the reactivity of rhodium(I) complexes of the type [Rh(E)(PEt3)3], where E represents hydrido, fluorido, germyl, boryl or silyl ligands, towards fluorinated olefins. The results are compared with those reported by other research groups on fluoroolefins, as well as with the chemistry of compounds [Rh(E)(PEt3)3] towards fluoroaromatics in terms of selectivity and mechanisms.

1 Introduction

2 Reactivity Towards Fluoroolefins

2.1 Reactivity of Hexafluoropropene

2.2 Reactivity of (E)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropene

2.3 Reactivity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene and (E)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene

2.4 Reactivity of 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene

2.5 Reactivity of Pentafluorostyrene

3 Conclusion and Perspective
Cycloadditions of Alkenylboronic Derivatives
Authors: Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Moskvina Viktoriia S. , Hryshchuk Oleksandr V. , Tymtsunik Andriy V.
Published: June 2020

The literature on cycloaddition reactions of boron-containing alkenes is surveyed with 132 references. The data are categorized according to the reaction type ([2+1], [2+2], [3+2], [4+2], and [4+3] cycloadditions). The cyclopropanation and the Diels–Alder reactions of alkenylboronic derivatives have been studied more or less comprehensively, and for some substrates, they can be considered as convenient methods for the rapid regio- and stereoselective construction of even complex cyclic systems. Other types of the cycloadditions, as well as mechanistic aspects of the processes, have been addressed less thoroughly in the previous works.

1 Introduction

2 [2+1] Cycloaddition

2.1 Cyclopropanation

2.1.1 With Methylene Synthetic Equivalents

2.1.2 With Substituted Carbenoids

2.2 Epoxidation

2.3 Aziridination

3 [2+2] Cycloaddition

4 [3+2] Cycloaddition

4.1 With Nitrile Oxides

4.2 With Diazoalkanes

4.3 With Nitrones

4.4 With Azomethine Ylides

5 [4+2] Cycloaddition

6 [4+3] Cycloaddition

7 Conclusions and Outlook
Ethical and Practical Challenges of the Communication and Behavioral Manifestations of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Tippett Donna C. , Hillis Argye E.
Published: June 2020

The communication and behavioral manifestations of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) present ethical and practical challenges for individuals with this clinical syndrome as well as for individuals who are involved closely in their care. In this article, cases representing all three PPA variants (logopenic variant, nonfluent agrammatic, semantic variant) are presented to illustrate commonly encountered situations in which self-determination is at risk in decisions about housing, driving, social interactions, finances, and treatment interventions. Potential approaches, including patient/family education, implementation of safeguards, redirection to meaningful activities, and protections against vulnerability in treatment decisions, are described to preserve autonomy in patients with this neurodegenerative clinical syndrome.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Obi Ogugua Ndili
Published: June 2020

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) describes an individual's perception of the impact of health, disease, and treatment on their quality of life (QoL). It is a reflection of how the manifestation of an illness and its treatment is personally experienced. Assessing HRQoL is particularly important in sarcoidosis because the attributable disease mortality is relatively low, and one of the major reasons for initiating treatment is to improve quality of life. HRQoL has been assessed in sarcoidosis using various generic and sarcoid-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). It is important that both the direct and indirect effects of the disease, as well as potential toxicities of therapy, are captured in the various PROMs used to assess HRQoL in sarcoidosis. This article provides a general overview of HRQoL in patients with sarcoidosis. It describes the various PROMs used to assess HRQoL in sarcoidosis and addresses the various factors that influence HRQoL in sarcoidosis. Specific attention is paid to fatigue, small fiber neuropathy, corticosteroid therapy, and other disease-specific factors that affect HRQoL in sarcoidosis. It also provides an insight into interventions that have been associated with improved HRQoL in sarcoidosis and offers suggestions for future research in this important area.
Assumptions about Decision-Making Capacity and Aphasia: Ethical Implications and Impact
Authors: Kagan Aura , Shumway Elyse , MacDonald Sheila
Published: June 2020

This article explores the issue of aphasia and decision-making within the context of clinical ethics and patient rights. The cases described illustrate the danger of making assumptions about the inherent competence of people with aphasia and the life-altering consequences if no attempt is made to “accommodate” or support communication when competence may be masked by aphasia. Speech-language pathologists have a moral obligation and a key role to play in providing communication support that may serve to reveal a person's intact capacity to make specific decisions, as well as in supporting the steps involved in the decision-making process. This role also extends to providing guidance, education, and training for others involved in evaluating the decision-making capacity of people with aphasia. Communication support strategies useful at each stage of the decision-making process are detailed.
Protocolo de intervenção do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de um hospital universitário de alta complexidade para enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Lima Ewerton Borges de Souza , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Falótico Guilherme Guadagnini , Mansur Nacime Salomão Barbachan , Luzo Marcus Vinicius Malheiros , Reis Fernando Baldy dos
Published: June 2020

Objetivo Descrever os protocolos implementados para adequar a equipe ortopédica à pandemia de COVID-19 e, secundariamente, avaliar o comportamento de variáveis hospitalares e departamentais frente à implementação das medidas.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com descrição de três protocolos: 1) Redução do risco de contágio dos pacientes e profissionais de saúde; 2) Adaptação das atividades laborais, acadêmicas e científicas; e 3) Adaptação do tratamento ortopédico frente à pandemia. Foram analisadas variáveis hospitalares e departamentais como: número de pacientes atendidos no pronto-socorro e ambulatórios, pacientes internados, casos suspeitos e confirmados nos pacientes e na equipe ortopédica, mudança das atividades de ensino do modo presencial para videoconferência, e número cirurgias. Foi comparado o período A, de 03 a 16 de março, com o período B, de 17 a 30 de março, que corresponde à implementação dos protocolos.

Resultados Houve diminuição do número de pacientes atendidos e do número de pacientes internados. Foram notificados dois suspeitos e um confirmado. Dos integrantes do departamento, 12 foram suspeitos e 6 confirmados. Manteve-se a frequência semanal das aulas e as reuniões clinico-científicas diminuíram de dezpara três. Houve redução no volume de cirurgias.

Conclusões O presente estudo demonstrou a viabilidade e a eficiência da rápida implementação de protocolos de intervenção em meio ao cenário de pandemia por COVID-19. Os protocolos focaram na redução do risco de contágio dos pacientes e profissionais de saúde, na adaptação das atividades laborais, acadêmicas e científicas, e na adaptação do tratamento ortopédico. Com sua aplicação, mantiveram-se as atividades assistencial, acadêmica e científica funcionantes, priorizando-se medidas de enfrentamento à COVID-19.
Identification of Ulnar Artery Perforators Using Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Ishiko Megumi , Yano Koichi , Onode Ema , Takamatsu Kiyohito
Published: June 2020

Background The ulnar artery perforator (UAP) flap, which is hairless, thin, and pliable, has been used for the reconstruction of soft tissues from the finger to the elbow. Preoperative planning is essential for a perforator flap surgery, and there are some tests to identify perforators. Color Doppler ultrasonography (US) with a high-frequency transducer helps in detecting decreased flow in smaller vessels, such as perforators. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical locations and origins of perforators arising from the ulnar artery using color Doppler US in healthy volunteers.

Methods Forty forearms of 20 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Perforators arising from the ulnar artery, within 100 mm proximal to the pisiform, were investigated using color Doppler US with a high-frequency transducer.

Results A total of 205 perforators were identified. On comparing the locations in each 20 mm section from the pisiform, the largest number of perforators was 58 (28%), within 20 mm proximal to the pisiform. The axial view demonstrated 44 (21%), 64 (31%), 32 (16%), and 65 (32%) perforators in the radial, ulnar, superficial, and deep aspects of the ulnar artery, respectively. Fifty-two and 28 essential perforators were supplied by the UAPs arising from the superficial and ulnar aspect within 20 mm proximal to the pisiform and between 21 and 40 mm proximal to the pisiform, respectively, while elevating the UAP flap.

Conclusion This is the first study to assess the UAP using color Doppler US. Identification of UAP using color Doppler US can be used as a preoperative assessment for reliable elevation of a UAP flap.
Reworking Protocols in the Ophthalmology Department during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Gupta Parul Chawla , Kumar-M Praveen , Ram Jagat
Published: June 2020

Eye care professionals are susceptible to contract COVID-19 infection due to the presence of the virus in tears and conjunctival secretions and, also, partly due to the proximity required during ophthalmic examination. Although infrequent, ocular features include conjunctivitis (predominant), chemosis, follicles, itching, dry eye, and tearing. In this article, we have outlined salient safety recommendations at outpatient, inpatient and operation theater level for both patients as well as health care workers. Some of them being, creation of special triage areas at ophthalmology clinic for the screening of patients, things to be avoided at each level, procedures to manage appointments, examination room modifications, operation theater protocols, a suggestion for prioritizing cases, and finally airflow and hospital staff management. These suggestions, along with local hospital-specific modifications, will help us to go a long way in the battle against COVID-19.
The large-time behavior of solutions in the critical L
p framework for compressible viscous and heat-conductive gas flows
Authors: Shi Weixuan , Xu Jiang
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we are concerned with non-isentropic Navier–Stokes equations governing compressible viscous and heat-conductive gases. We formulate an additional regularity assumption of low frequencies in Rd(d≥3) and then establish the sharp time-weighted inequality, which allows us to get the time-decay estimates of global strong solutions in the Lp critical Besov spaces. Precisely, it is shown that if the initial data belong to some Besov space Ḃ2,∞−s1 with s1∈(1−d2,s0](s0≜2dp−d2), then the Lp norm of the critical global solutions admits the time decay t−s12−d2(12−1p) (in particular, t−d2p if s1 = s0), which coincides with that of the heat kernel in the Lp framework. In comparison with the work of Danchin and Xu [J. Math. Fluid Mech. 20, 1641–1665 (2018)], the low-frequency assumption is improved such that the regularity s1 belongs to the whole range (1−d2,s0].
Polymorphism of polymeric nitrogen at high pressures
Authors: Cheng Peng , Yang Xue , Zhang Xiao , Wang Yu , Jiang Shuqing , Goncharov Alexander F.
Published: June 2020

Polymeric nitrogen at 120 GPa–180 GPa is known in two monatomic crystalline cubic gauche (cg-N) and layered polymeric (LP-N) phases and one amorphous modification (η-N), and all these high-pressure phases attract considerable attention for their potential application as a high energy density material. Here, we investigated the stability of these modifications at high pressures in the laser heated diamond anvil cell upon decompression from 161 GPa. Pure LP-N was synthesized above 152 GPa upon laser heating of η-N to 2500 K, while cg-N forms below 150 GPa. Upon laser heating at 129 GPa and 123 GPa, the LP-N clearly diminished, indicating that the synthesis of cg-N becomes more favorable in a mixed phase region below 129 GPa. Upon unloading, cg-N and LP-N were metastable to at least 71 GPa at up to 2500 K and at room temperature, respectively. These observations clarified a complicated polymorphism of monatomic nitrogen at high pressures and large hysteretic phenomena related to a transition to nonmolecular nitrogen.
Jet preferred mode vs shear layer mode
Authors: Mair M. , Bacic M. , Chakravarthy K. , Williams B.
Published: June 2020

The effect of acoustic excitation on a low Reynolds number jet with constant centerline velocity u0 but varying velocity profile u(y) is investigated experimentally by particle imaging velocimetry. Different initial conditions at the nozzle orifice are here used with the intent to characterize the relation between the jet preferred mode fp and the natural shear layer mode fn. The jet response to acoustic excitation is described in terms of the centerline velocity decay and the downstream increase in momentum thickness. This study intends to shed some light onto the duality of the two most fundamental flow instabilities and their controversial dependency on each other.
The growth and characteristics of In2Se3/(Bi1−xInx)2Se3 superlattices with asymmetric graded interfaces by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Xu Chaofan , Yin Xibo , He Jing , Li Junye , Ji Haining , Wang Jianwei , Li Handong , Niu Xiaobin , Wang Zhiming
Published: June 2020

The growth of In2Se3/Bi2Se3 superlattices (SLs) by molecular beam epitaxy at an elevated temperature is explored. The crystalline phase structure of In2Se3 layers in the as-grown SLs is determined to be α-In2Se3. The diffusion of In from In2Se3 to Bi2Se3 is significantly promoted, while Bi diffusion into In2Se3 layers is insignificant as manifested by the in situ lattice evolution analysis, so that the achieved SL structure is of graded (Bi1−xInx)2Se3 solid-solution layers periodically separated by α-In2Se3 layers. The lattice vibration characteristics due to phonon confinement in the achieved SLs are also exhibited.
Experimental study of lateral dispersion in flexible aquatic canopy with emergent blade-like stems
Authors: Jamali Mirmosadegh , Sehat Haleh
Published: June 2020

This paper quantitatively investigates the role of flexibility of blade-like stems and, in particular, the occurrence of stem resonance on lateral dispersion in emergent aquatic canopies. Two sets of experiments are presented: single-stem and canopy tests. In the first set, the flow around single blade-like flexible model stems and the proximity to a resonant state are studied. Wake areas behind four model stems with distinct flexibilities are measured by particle image velocimetry for stem Reynolds numbers between 350 and 850. A single flexible emergent stem bends and oscillates in in-line and cross-flow directions due to periodic forcing associated with the vortex shedding. The plant motion, especially at resonance, affects the width of the wake area and, hence, the extent to which a tracer is dispersed laterally around a stem. The results show that the oscillation amplitude of a stem increases significantly as the vortex shedding frequency approaches the natural frequency of the stem in the corresponding direction. As a result, the size of the wake area is greater for the resonated stems. In the second set of the experiments, lateral dispersion in two different flexible model canopies was measured. The results show that the proximity to a resonant state is the major factor describing the variation of the lateral dispersion coefficient in the experiments for the tested Reynolds numbers and canopies. The dispersion coefficient increases as the vortex shedding frequency approaches the natural frequency of stems in either direction.