bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KatG 315 mutation as a molecular determinant for Isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: LIN ZAW , Thura Zaw Myo , Adullah Ahmad Faris , Thar Naing Oo , Emran Nor Amalina , Mustapha Zainal Arifin
Published: May 2023

Emergence of multidrug resistant multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is one of the reasons why Tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause great mortality and morbidity in less-developed countries. The development of rapid diagnostic methods targeting genetic mutations associated with resistance to the anti-tuberculous drugs is essential to fight this deadly pathogen. Isoniazid (INH) has been included in the multidrug regimens for the treatment of drug-susceptible TB for the decades. In the world wide setting, isoniazid resistance was highly prevalent and was observed in one of every seven TB cases. Because katG315 mutation is highly prevalent, the common mutation in the enzyme essential for the activation of the INH concerned with the mechanism of drug resistance and associated with high level resistance to INH, katG315 mutation was necessary to be identified by molecular method as a molecular determinant of INH resistant M. tuberculosis. The prevalence of katG315 mutation in various countries was discussed in this report and a new molecular method for the detection of the mutation was proposed.
Design of an Elliptical Orbit for High-Resolution Optical Observation at a Very Low
Altitude over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kim Dongwoo , Chung Taejin
Published: May 2023

Surveillance and reconnaissance intelligence in the space domain will become
increasingly important in future battlefield environments. Moreover, to assimilate the
military provocations and trends of hostile countries, imagery intelligence of the
highest possible resolution is required. There are many methods for improving the
resolution of optical satellites when observing the ground, such as designing satellite
optical systems with a larger diameter and lowering the operating altitude. In this
paper, we propose a method for improving ground observation resolution by using an
optical system for a previously designed low orbit satellite and lowering the operating
altitude of the satellite. When the altitude of a satellite is reduced in a circular
orbit, a large amount of thrust fuel is required to maintain altitude because the
satellite’s altitude can decrease rapidly due to atmospheric drag. However, by using the
critical inclination, which can fix the position of the perigee in an elliptical orbit
to the observation area, the operating altitude of the satellite can be reduced using
less fuel compared to a circular orbit. This method makes it possible to obtain a
similar observational resolution of a medium-sized satellite with the same weight and
volume as a small satellite. In addition, this method has the advantage of reducing
development and launch costs to that of a small-sized satellite. As a result, we
designed an elliptical orbit. The perigee of the orbit is 300 km, the apogee is 8,366.52
km, and the critical inclination is 116.56°. This orbit remains at its lowest altitude
to the Korean peninsula constantly with much less orbit maintenance fuel compared to the
300 km circular orbit.
Global Neurosurgery Research Committee: Mini Strategic Plan
Authors: Thango Nqobile Sindiswa , Kolias Angelos , Park Kee B.
Published: May 2023

Most of the world’s population resides in developing countries. Lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs)shoulder a high burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases1. Neurological disorders are theleading cause of disability and account for the second-highest number of global deaths2. In addition, over fivemillion patients with conditions treatable by neurosurgery do not have access to it; the populations most at riskare in Africa and Southeast Asia due to the workforce imbalance 3,4. This may be one factor that has resulted inminimal neurosurgical research output from LMICs, despite the heterogeneous pathologies and large patientnumbers seen daily by neurosurgeons. Only 4.5% of papers published in high-impact neurosurgical journalshave an LMIC affiliation5. The underrepresentation of scientific literature from LMIC is a significant obstaclethat negatively impacts global neurosurgery. As equity in the provision of neurosurgical care is at the centre ofour discipline, it is essential that neurosurgical research capacity is developed globally. This stems from aposition that the provision of high-quality care relies on the conduct of high-quality research.
Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Carvykti)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2023

CADTH recommends that Carvykti should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least 3 prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 antibody, and who are refractory to their last treatment if certain conditions are met.

Carvykti should only be covered to treat patients who have MM; received at least 3 prior treatments including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory drug, and an anti-CD38 antibody; did not respond to their last treatment, and are in relatively good health (i.e., have a good performance status, as determined by a specialist). Carvykti should not be reimbursed to treat patients whose MM is affecting their brain or spinal cord or patients showing signs that the tissue layers protecting the brain and spinal cord are affected by MM. It also should not be reimbursed in patients who have previously received a treatment that targets B-cell maturation antigen.

Carvykti should only be reimbursed for patients who have not yet been treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, if it is prescribed and administered in a hospital setting with adequate resources by specialists with expertise in MM, and if the cost of Carvykti is reduced.
Roughness in Anti Semigroup
Authors: فرج أرخيص عبدالنبي  , أحمد أبراهيم المبروك أشليتيتب  , نجاح عبدالقادر بوسيف
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we present the concepts of the upper and lower approximations of Anti-rough subgroups, Anti-rough subsemigroups, and homeomorphisms of Anti-Rough anti-semigroups in approximation spaces. Specify the concepts of rough in Finite anti-groups of types (4) are studies. Moreover, some properties of approximations and these algebraic structures are introduced. In addition, we give the definition of homomorphism anti-group.
Review: Electrochemical biosensors based on ZnO nanostructures
Authors: مريم خويطر
Published: May 2023

In the last few decades’ electrochemical biosensors have witnessed vast developments due to the broad range of different applications, including health care and medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and assessment, food industry, and drug delivery. Integration of nanostructured material with different disciplines and expertise of electrochemistry, solid-state physics, material science, and biology has offered the opportunity of a future generation of highly rapid, sensitive, stable, selective, and novel electrochemical biosensor devices.
Among metal oxide nanomaterials, ZnO nanostructures are one of the most important nanomaterials in today’s nanotechnology research. Such nanostructures have been studied intensely not only for their extraordinary structural, optical, and electronic properties but also for their prominent performance in diverse novel applications such as photonics, optics, electronics, drug delivery, cancer treatment, bio-imaging, etc. However, functionality of these nanomaterials is eventually dictated by the capability to govern their properties including shape, size, position, and crystalline structure on the nanosized scale.
This review aims to update the outstanding advancement in the developments of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic biosensors using a different structure of ZnO nanomaterials. After a coverage of the basic principles of electrochemical biosensors, we highlight the basic features of ZnO as a potential anticancer agent. focused attention gives to functionalized biosensors based on ZnO nanostructures for detecting biological analytes, such as glucose, cholesterol, L-lactic acid, uric acid, metal ions, and pH.
Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants against Some Bacteria Species and food spoilage bacteria
Authors: عبدالغني محمد ابوبكر  , فاطمة خليفة  القديري  , نادية سالم الرويق  , خليفة المهدي عبدالسلام علي
Published: May 2023

In the current study, some plants were selected to screen their potential antibacterial activity. For evaluating antibacterial activity, both aqueous and organic solvents) methanol and acetone (were used. The tested plants were Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Cotula cinerea, and Francoeuria crispa. Agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity against two Gram negative (Brucella spp., Proteus spp.) and three Gram positive (Staphylococcus albus, Streptococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis) bacterial species. All extracts were effective antibacterial agents, being capable of inhibiting the growth of each examined bacteria. Based on the findings of this study, methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of the leaves of C. schoenanthus, C. cinerea and F. crispa showed various antibacterial efficiency towards various bacterial species. Among plant extracts, the strongest antibacterial activity was shown by acetone extract of F. crispa against Streptococcus spp, with inhibition zone 27±1mm, Bacillus subtilis with inhibition zone of 26.27±4mm, followed by methanol against Streptococcus spp, and Brucella spp. with inhibition zone of 24±1 mm, 22±1mm respectively. Francoeuria crispa extracts exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity towards each of the evaluated bacteria, followed by Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Cotula cinerea. In comparison, methanol and acetone extracts showed pronounced inhibitory activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. These findings demonstrate that certain plants may have antibacterial properties. This study suggests the possibility of applying Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Cotula cinerea, and Francoeuria crispa leaves as natural sources of antibacterial and may provide clues to clarify potential candidates for the future development of new chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of some infectious diseases.
أثر البناء المخالف والتوسع العشوائي على البيئة الحضرية لمدينة سبها
Authors: الحضيري أحمد محمد , الشريف محمد الولي عبدالقادر
Published: May 2023

صاحبت النمو الحضري السريع في عدد من الدول النامية بعض المشكلات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والصحية والأمنية التي ما تنفك تتزايد مع ارتفاع معدلات النمو الحضري لا سيما إذا ما تم بعيداً عن الأسس والضوابط والمعايير التخطيطية والمعمارية. وقد ظهرت في العديد من المدن على اختلاف ظروفها مناطق ذات توسع عشوائي بسبب الضغط السكاني المتزايد سواء عن طريق النمو الطبيعي للسكان أم الهجرة إلى المدن بغية تحسين الأوضاع المعيشية والحصول على أفضل الخدمات والمرافق العامة، وقد كان لهذه المناطق آثار سلبية عمرانية وبيئية واجتماعية واقتصادية. هذه الورقة تحاول تسليط الضوء علي اثر التوسع العشوائي والمخالف علي البيئة الحضرية بمدينة سبها حيث يكتسب البحث اهمية كبيرة لكونه يتناول موضوعا يرتبط بالتخطيط العمراني السليم والذي يهدف الي توفير الخدمات الاساسية وتحسين الوضع السكني والبيئي والصحي للسكان بما يساعد اجهزة الدولة ومؤسساتها علي مكافحة العديد من المشكلات المصاحبة لهذه الظاهرة ومعرفة العوامل الكامنة وراءها وسبل معالجتها والحد من تفاقمها ووضع التصورات اللازمة لتفادي ظهور المزيد منها مستقبلا، كما توجت الدراسة في خاتمتها بمجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات لعلها تفيد صناع القرار للإسهام في حل هذه المشكلة.
“Os vereadores não são temidos como é razão”: o governo de uma vila portuária do senhorio da Ordem Militar de Santiago no final da Idade Média
Authors: Silveira Ana Cláudia
Published: May 2023

El estudio del ejercicio del gobierno municipal de Setúbal a lo largo de los siglos finales de la Edad Media permite constatar el creciente control ejercido por la Orden de Santiago respecto al poder concejil, que se materializa, bien en la intervención en el proceso de designación de los más importantes cargos concejiles, bien en la interferencia en la creación de la normativa municipal. Estos aspectos no constituyen aspectos particulares de esta villa portuaria medieval, sino que se documentan en otros núcleos urbanos integrados en la jurisdicción de la Orden de Santiago. Las estrategias de control y reproducción del poder detectadas se asientan en el establecimiento de una red de vínculos que ligan a diversos individuos que integran la administración municipal y la estructura administrativa de la orden de Santiago.
Gobierno y participación en el poder: las ciudades y villas de la Transierra oriental y el área manchega en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Jara Fuente José Antonio
Published: May 2023

La participación política en el mundo urbano medieval se ha reducido básicamente al examen del colectivo que controla el proceso de toma de decisiones. Se trata de una visión parcialmente correcta, que considera el papel jugado en estos procesos por los linajes que controlan el acceso a los espacios centrales de la dominación. Pero también, limitada pues se centra en sujetos definidos apriorísticamente como privilegiados y apenas analiza de una manera descriptiva la multiplicidad de espacios, formales e informales, que rodean ese centro dominante, participan en áreas menores de la dominación, y se presentan como espacios para la promoción sociopolítica y económica de los sujetos capaces de hacerse presentes en ellos. En este estudio, una revisión historiográfica, se considerarán las diversas áreas abiertas a la participación política de un grupo de actores que se extiende más allá del colectivo que controla efectivamente los resortes de la dominación; explicitando las conexiones existentes entre las vías abiertas a su promoción socioeconómica y política.
Las delegaciones de trabajo como instrumentos de la política social. (I) Introducción y primeros pasos: Largo Caballero (1931-1933)
Authors: Viloria Fuentes Arturo
Published: May 2023

Estudiamos en este artículo el proceso de creación de las delegaciones provinciales de trabajo, sus antecedentes, su significado en el contexto de la política social de Largo Caballero, los debates en las Cortes previos a la aprobación de la Ley y el proceso que seleccionó su personal.  A través de las delegaciones el ministro se propuso fortalecer y modernizar la implantación del Ministerio de Trabajo en todo el territorio, descentralizar su gestión y contar con funcionarios cualificados en todas las provincias, garantizando así la aplicación de la legislación social. Los enconados debates en Cortes sobre sus competencias reflejaban el  temor de los radicales a la creación de un nuevo poder socialista dentro del Estado. Sin embargo, en la propia Ley el ministro había renunciado a su capacidad de nombrar libremente a los delegados para establecer que todo el personal de las delegaciones (delegados de trabajo, auxiliares de delegación, inspectores de trabajo e inspectores auxiliares) fuese reclutado en una oposición abierta.
Հայաստանյան եվրոբոնդերի արժևորման գաղտնիքը/ Secret of Armenian Eurobond Appreciation
Authors: AGHABEKYAN Edgar
Published: May 2023

Unlike bonds issued in national currency, bonds in
foreign currency are usually more sensitive to processes
occurring in the external environment. Armenian
Eurobonds are no exception. 2022 was rich in events
that affected the global currency bond markets. High
inflation rates, higher interest rates by the central banks
of the leading countries, the Russian-Ukrainian war and
the uncertainty of the future have led to an increase
in bond yields. In the paper the author examines the
impact of these economic and political factors on the
yield of Armenian Eurobonds and shows the main
reasons for their recent appreciation, which are
associated with an increase in demand for these
bonds from resident investors and especially financial
organizations.
Հայաստանում սոցիալական ձեռներեցության իրազեկվածության գնահատում / Assessment of Social Entrepreneurship Awareness In Armenia
Authors: VARDANYAN Tatevik , MIKAELYAN Tigran
Published: May 2023

Social entrepreneurship (SE) is a combination of two
directions: ensuring social impact and implementing
entrepreneurial activities. The main part of the income
of the SE must be generated from business activities,
thus separating it from public activities. The main goal of
SE is to solve social problems in the society, community
and country. SE is not only a problem of the
economic sphere, it has the function of changing the
cultural, mental, value base, bringing people closer
to the values of social solidarity and social justice.
The concept has recently emerged in Armenia as first
enterprises were officially established in 2005. Since
then, many enterprises practicing social mission with
entrepreneurship have emerged. Although SE is very
topical for today’s Armenia, it is rather not very well
understood among the general public in the country.
The development of SE in Armenia is currently in the
center of attention of a number of international donor
organizations and local public organizations. There are
a number of donor programs aimed at the development
of social enterprises and the sectoral ecosystem.
Կրքի տնտեսությունը նորաձևության մեջ /Passion Economy in Fashion
Authors: SHAHRIMANYAN Teresa
Published: May 2023

The birth of the economy of passion was based on
the novel needs that emerged in the new century, aimed
at ensuring a more optimal level of balance between
work and personal life. The development of the latter
is due to the accelerating pace of digitalization of the
world, and the loss of work of many people due to the
pandemic that had a great impact on the development
encouraging them to look for alternative sources of
income. In fact, this is the process of turning a hobby
into a means of earning regardless of what a person
does. These are business models closely linked to the
Internet platforms that allow anyone to monetize their
unique knowledge and skills with little or no investment.
It paves the way for new ways to generate income and
opens up a new path to professions that were previously
difficult to access. The passion economy is seen as the
future of work. The elements of the economy of passion
are especially vividly expressed in the fashion industry.
At the same time, the ideological basis of the passion
economy is that business tools, like online platforms,
should not be more important than the value the business
embodies, they should support the business, not manage
it. The basic idea of the passion economy is to do what
you love, and this will ensure high efficiency.
Ապագայից փոխառված բո՞ւմ. բնակարանային շինարարության խճճող փաստերն ու երկարաժամկետ ծախսերը Հայաստանում/ A Boom Borrowed Against the Future? The Puzzling Evidence and Long-Term Costs of Residential Construction in Armenia
Authors: KARAPETYAN Narek
Published: May 2023

While the residential construction boom driven by
government-supported borrowings in Yerevan causes
no doubt, it is hardly evident in economic figures: the
construction sector is continuously declining in GDP.
In the paper, this inconsistency is explained by 3 key
shifts that have happened during the last decade - from
private houses to residential complexes, from bigger to
smaller homes, and from more expensive to cheaper
construction. But even in this case, the long-term costs
of supporting the sector expressed in government explicit liabilities are very high (can reach 8% of GDP
by 2025), which makes the sector oversubsidized from
an economic perspective. This means, that the priorities
should be carefully reconsidered based on a cost-benefit analysis, and possibly give a more important role to
social or other targets.
Տնտեսության վերակառուցման ճանապարհին / On the Road to the Economic Reconstruction
Authors: KHACHATRYAN Ani
Published: May 2023

The implementation of economic reforms is not only a way to overcome current challenges, but it is
also an important prerequisite for the development of the economy in a long-run perspective. The paper
provides a comparative analysis of the dynamics of economic reforms and their main components in
Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. In different spheres of economic reforms the surpassing position
of Armenia compared to Azerbaijan and Georgia is mostly due to regulatory and normative reforms..
Armenia has not succeeded in deepening the initial advantages of transformations over neighboring
countries. In general, essential qualitative changes have not been achieved for many years. In the
future, in order to succeed in economic reforms, it is on the agenda to clarify the guidelines of
economic transformations mostly concentrating on qualitative changes.
Perspectiva Psicoanalítica respecto a la Homosexualidad en Varones de 20 años de edad
Authors: García Romero Camila Lizzeth
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo científico está basado en el proyecto de grado intitulado “Programa de trabajo desde el psicoanálisis para que jóvenes varones de 20 años de edad puedan asumir su elección amorosa homosexual frente a su familia”. Tomó como muestra a tres sujetos tipo para realizar un análisis de caso, empleando la entrevista a profundidad, donde las temáticas de pareja, familia y sexualidad fueron tocadas para un mejor análisis de posibles elementos que los jóvenes aparentemente tienen en común y que puedan incidir en que el joven mantenga una relación de desconfianza para con su familia y por ese motivo, se percibe como incapacitado de asumir su homosexualidad frente a ellos. A partir de lo expuesto, se pudo realizar un análisis que se enfoca más en la interpretación de rasgos y discurso de los sujetos, lo que otorgó resultados enfocados a la relación con figuras paternas y el sexo opuesto.
The effects of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams on thermal burn in rats
Authors: Anh Pham Thi Van , Minh Tong Cong , Loan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Ngan Nguyen Thi , Truong Ngo Viet , Giang Nguyen Kim , Nga Nguyen Thi Quynh , Tung Tran Thanh
Published: May 2023

The present study evaluated the healing effect of topical administration of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams on thermal burns in rats, and their systemic toxicity in burned rats. Thermal burns were induced on the dorsal region of rats using a standard burning technique. The burned areas were covered topically with silver sulfadiazine, KEM CON ONG, or KEM TRI BONG twice a day for 21 days. The results indicated that treatment with KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG significantly reduced the size of the wounded area, increased the hydroxyproline content in animals’ skin tissues, and improved the histopathological structure of skin tissues. KEM TRI BONG exerted better effects than KEM CON ONG on thermal burns in rats. Besides, our study demonstrated that topical administration of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams caused no significant change in the general status, haematological parameters, renal and hepatic functions. Additionally, they did not alter the histology of liver and kidney in animals. In conclusion, the topical application of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams exerted healing effects on the burned skin, and did not cause systemic toxicity in a rat model.
An Appraisal of Poisoning Patterns among Adolescent Patients Admitted into Tertiary Care Hospitals in Nigeria
Authors: Igbinosa I. H. , Igharo O. G. , Okoh A. I.
Published: May 2023

Background: Poisoning is a common medico-social problem globally that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The extent of the problem differs among age groups, social-economic classes, and country to country. However, there is a dearth of information on the pattern of poisoning in adolescents in Nigeria. Objective: The study aims to assess the poisoning pattern among adolescent patients admitted into Tertiary Care Hospitals in Nigeria. Methods: In this study, a critical, constructive analysis of relevant literature on the subject areas of poisoning cases in tertiary care hospitals in Nigeria was carried out. Published cases between the periods of 2000 and 2019 were analysed. Results: The study showed that 24 patients made up of 13 females and 11 males were involved in poisoning cases during the studied period (2000–2019). About 85% of the patients were aged 10–15 years, while 12.5% were aged 16–30 years. Most of the poisoning cases (83%) occurred at home. Accidental cases were 29.16%, while 70.8% of the cases were intentional. Among the 17 intentional cases, 28.6% were ingested for the hallucinating effect and 17.6%) were suicidal cases. The agents used for poisoning included organophosphates, plant extracts, alcohol, drugs, food, kerosene and herbal mixture, among others. Some reasons for poisoning or suicidal intent observed in the study include peer influence, edgy relationships in the family system, disagreement with parents, failure in examination, and clashes with the boyfriend. Conclusion: There is a need for the government to establish poisoning control centres in each region of the country for proper profiling of the poisoning epidemic. Furthermore, parents and guardians are strongly advised to closely observe their teenage children and educate them about the dangers of any poisoning. Also, schools should provide friendly and accommodating environments to minimize and possibly eliminate suicidal intentions in youths and adolescents.
The Role of High Calcium Diet Supplementation on L-NAME induced High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Rats
Authors: Oludare G. O. , Lawal R. A. , Olayiwola O. S. , Ojerinde G. J. , Achikeh V. , Areola A. O.
Published: May 2023

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy with or without proteinuria is one of the foremost reasons of maternal death and morbidity in the world. This study investigated the role of a high calcium diet (HCa) in N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administered to pregnant rats. Methods: Thirty-two female rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly assigned into 4 groups of control, L-NAME (0.3g/ L of water), L-NAME + HCa (2.5%), and HCa diet (2.5%) group. Following confirmation of mating, HCa was administered from day 3 to day 18 of pregnancy while L-NAME was administered from day 12 to 18. The rats were sacrificed on the 19th day and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Blood and placenta were collected for biochemical and oxidative assays. Results: Blood pressure was reduced in L-NAME + HCa rats compared with L-NAME (p<0.05). Placenta and fetal weight were decreased in rats receiving L-NAME, L-NAME + HCa and HCa compared with control (p<0.05). HCa diet had no effect on L-NAME impaired oxidative status. No significant difference was observed in the liver enzymes and CRP levels across the groups. However, there was a significant reduction in the platelet count of L-NAME + HCa and HCa groups when compared with the control and L-NAME. Calcium and magnesium levels in the serum and placenta homogenate were not different but their excretion was significantly increased in the urine samples of the L-NAME + HCa and HCa groups. Conclusion: This study showed that HCa reduced the blood pressure of pregnant rats administered L-NAME but had no effect on oxidative stress. This implies that HCa alone might not sufficiently ameliorate the negative effects of hypertension in pregnancy.
Potential Benefits of Omega 3.5.7 on Cardiovascular and Reproductive Functions of Male Rats Administered L-N G -Nitro Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)
Authors: Oludare G. O. , Orabueze I. C. , Salau L. B. , Adepoju S. , Alabi O. I. , Akanbi K. A.
Published: May 2023

Background: Dietary interventions and lifestyle changes are some of the ways to manage hypertension and its complications. Males with hypertension report infertility and erectile dysfunction. Objective: This study determined the role of Omega 3.5.7 enriched diet on cardiovascular and reproductive functions in male rats administered L-N G -Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups of six rats each: Group 1 (control), Group 2 received L-NAME (50 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally), Group 3 received L-NAME + Omega 3.5.7, and Group 4 received 1.5% omega 3.5.7 enriched diet. Rats were fed for two weeks and blood pressure parameters were obtained under anaesthesia using a Power Lab system. Blood was withdrawn from the carotid arteries for biochemical and hormonal assays and the caudal epididymis was collected for the assessment of sperm parameters. Results: Systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure, and rate pressure products were increased in the L-NAME and group while levels of antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT) were decreased. Omega 3.5.7 supplementation with L-NAME increased GSH and CAT levels when compared with the L-NAME group. Plasma NO and sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone levels were decreased by L-NAME. The Omega 3.5.7 + L-NAME group increased NO and testosterone levels. Conclusions: Improved antioxidant status, testosterone, and NO levels are indicators that omega 3.5.7 enriched diet could reverse blood pressure and increase the decrease in sperm count and motility induced by L-NAME.
Assessment of Information Communication Technology and eHealth Use Amongst Healthcare Providers in Selected Primary Health Centers in Kano, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, Ahmed M.A. , Mohammed M. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria, Haruna U. ,   Department of Computer Science, FIKKT, Universiti Malaysia, Terengganu, Malaysia, Mustapha S. ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia, Wada Y. ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ladan S.M. ,   Department of Chemical Science, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe, Nigeria, Muhammad S. ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria, Zaji F.M. ,   School of Dental Health Sciences, Shehu Idris College of Health Sciences and Technology, Makarfi, Kaduna, Nigeria, Ahmed M.H. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria, Sha’aban A. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Background: Today, information and communication technologies (ICT) for health (eHealth) is the cornerstone of quality healthcare services. Majority of primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in developing countries experience limited applications of ICT. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the application of ICT and basic eHealth competency among PHC providers in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey among primary healthcare providers across five major local government areas (LGAs) in Kano state, Nigeria. A previously validated questionnaire on eHealth competency was adapted and administered to the respondents using convenience sampling. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of eHealth competency using SPSS version 26.0. Ethical approval was obtained prior to commencement of the study. Results: A total of 420 healthcare providers from thirty PHCs participated in the study. The respondents were mostly female 228 (54.3%) with mean age±SD of 30.5±4.2. ICT devices were reported to be inadequate 157 (37.4%). Challenges to adopting eHealth include unstable power 381 (90.7%) and limited internet access 243 (57.9%). Predictors of eHealth competency found were male gender (aOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.28 – 1.87; p=0.001), and being a pharmacist (aOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 0.43 – 0.86; p=0.001). Increasing years of experience was associated with decreased eHealth competency (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.34 – 0.92; p=0.011). Conclusion: ICT and eHealth applications were found to be inadequate in PHCs in Kano, Nigeria. The utilization of ICT facilities, particularly the internet, computers and phones to support quality care services were sub-optimal, necessitating timely facilities upgrade, funding and training.
社會技巧教學對提升國小ADHD學生遵守桌上遊戲規則成效之研究
Authors: 卓詩婷 卓詩婷 , 吳勝儒 吳勝儒 , 吳維民 吳維民
Published: May 2023

本研究旨在探討以桌上遊戲作為媒介，融入國小ADHD學生社會技巧之課程介入後，是否能提升其遵守桌上遊戲規則。研究方法採單一個案研究法之跨受試者多探試設計，分為基線期、介入期及維持期三階段；研究對象為三位國小ADHD學生，自變項為社會技巧教學，依變項為遵守桌上遊戲規則之表現。利用目視分析及圖示法進行資料的分析。研究結果如下：一、社會技巧教學對提升國小ADHD學生遵守桌上遊戲規則具有立即成效。二、社會技巧教學對國小ADHD學生遵守桌上遊戲規則具有維持成效。根據以上結果，提出幾點建議，供實務教學及未來研究之參考。

 

The purpose of this study was to explore whether the use of tabletop games as a medium can improve the social skills of elementary school ADHD students after the intervention of the curriculum of social skills. The research method adopted a multiple baseline design across subjects with a single case study method. Participants were 3 elementary students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The data were analyzed by visual analysis and graphical method. The results of the study were as follows: 1. board games could instantly improve the social skills of elementary school ADHD students’ performance in complying with the rules of the game. 2. board games were effective in maintaining the social skills of elementary school ADHD students in complying with the rules of the game. Based on the above results, some suggestions were put forward for reference in practical teaching and future research.

 
國小六年級學生自然與生活科技領域自主學習方案之成效評析的必要性之探討
Authors: 林堂馨 林堂馨
Published: May 2023

自主學習是可以被教導與學習的關鍵技能。本研究旨在採取「不等組前後測設計」的準實驗研究法及深度訪談，來評析國小六年級學生自然與生活科技領域自主學習方案。實驗結果、師生家長訪談均顯示：學生接受自主學習的方案實驗後，學習動機、自主共好等自主領域具顯著成長，學習策略則無顯著差異；實驗結果、師生家長的共同發現為自我效能、學習價值感、共好改善等三項自主行為具顯著成長，其餘六項自主行為的發現則有所差異。實驗組學生經方案實驗處理後，其在自然與生活科技領域的期末評量成績未顯著優於對照組，然師生家長均反應其能實踐自主學習。

 

Self-regulated learning is a key skill that can be taught and learned. This paper mainly uses the nonequivalent pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, and in-depth interviews to evaluate the self-regulated learning program in the area of science and technology for sixth-grade students of primary school. The results of the experiment, as well as the results of interviews with teachers, students, and parents, show that: after students have undergone the experiment of self-regulated learning programs, there has been significant growth in self-regulated learning fields such as learning motivation and the autonomous common good, while there are no significant differences in learning strategies; moreover, it is also found that the autonomous behavior of self-efficacy, learning value and common good improvement items has significant growth, and the other six items are different. There are some differences in the discovery of autonomous behavior. After the experimental process of this program, the final evaluation scores of students in the experimental group are not significantly better than those in the control group in the area of science and technology. However, the parents of the students and teachers all reflect that students can practice self-regulated learning.

 
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE PROTOCOLOS COM DESMAME TEMPORÁRIO VERSUS GONADOTROFINA CORIÔNICA EQUINA APÓS TRATAMENTO COM PROGESTERONA INTRAVAGINAL VISANDO A INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO EM VACAS BOS TAURUS INDICUS
Authors: De Souza André Luiz Bastos , Segui Marcio Saporski , Kozicki Luiz Ernandes , Pedrosa Victor Breno , Talini Rafaela , Weiss Romildo Romualdo , De Lara Natália Santana Siqueira
Published: May 2023

The aim of the study was to compare the reproductive efficiency of two protocols with temporary weaning (TW) of calves and one using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), the synchronization of estrus and ovulation in timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol. A total of 534 multiparous cows were distributed into three groups: temporary weaning on day 8 of the protocol group (TW8G; n = 225); temporary weaning on day 9 group (TW9G; n = 139) and equine chorionic gonadotropin group (eCGG, n = 170). TW8G received on day zero (d0) an intravaginal device with progesterone (P4; 0.558g) + estradiol benzoate (EB; 2mg, im). On d8, the device was removed with P4 + PGF (0.075mg, im) + estradiol cypionate (EC 0.5 mg, im) + removal of the calf for 48 hours. On d10, TAI was performed, and the calves returned to their mothers. The TW9G was subjected to the same protocol as the TW8G, except for the removal of the device with the P4, which occurred on the 9th, and on the d11, TAI was performed, and the calves returned to their mothers. eCGG was subjected to the same protocol as TW8G, except that on d8 it received eCG (300IU, im), on d9 estradiol benzoate and TAI on d10. The pregnancy diagnosis was made change for done at d45. The non-pregnant cows (post TAI) were re-inseminated under the observation for estrus observation (conventional AI). The remaining empty cows from conventional AI remained with the bull for another 45 days. PR after TAI was 47.1 (TW8G), 40.2 (TW9G) and 51.7% (GeCG), while PR after conventional AI was 19.3%; 31.3% and 26.8%. PR at the end of the breeding season resulted in 95.1, 90.6, and 92.3% respectively for TW8G, TW9G and eCGG. It was concluded that there was no difference in reproductive efficiency in the timed artificial insemination between the applied protocols; the use of TW or eCG can be implemented in the breeding season of beef cows.
APPLICATIONS OF INTRAOPERATIVE BETATHERAPY IN VETERINARY ONCOLOGY
Authors: Vettorato Michel De Campos , Murollo Nathalia Diez , Borges Mariana Fischer , Freirias Cristianne Dantas , Santos Vitor Hugo dos , Lima Heloísa Coppini de , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Fernandes Marco Antônio Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

Betatherapy is a radiotherapy modality that uses beta radiation applicators used in the treatment of superficial injuries. With the advancement of therapeutic techniques, new clinical protocols of veterinary medicine will be established and betatherapy emerges as an important option for performing radiotherapy procedures, and further studies for the definition of oncological clinical protocols become necessary. This study reports some procedures in animals involving intraoperative betatherapy with a strontium-90 applicator (90Sr). Five procedures were performed, including 1 lioness (Panthera leo), 2 rats (Rattus norvegicus), 1 equine female (Equidae) and 1 rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), all with a confirmed diagnosis of neoplasm. The TDF (Time-Dose-Fraction) radiographic model was used to determine the radiological equivalent of the clinical cases. It was observed that the neoplasms in each case (1 to 5) partially differed from those found in the literature on intraoperative betatherapy in veterinary medicine. We observed that the radiologic effectiveness of the treatment was directly related to the value of TDF. Cases 1, 3 and 4 presented TDF values greater than 175, which implies a greater probability of injury control. As observed in the follow-up of the patients, case 5 (lower TDF) presented tumor recurrence only one month after the betatherapy procedure. Betatherapy with Sr90 applicators has proven to be feasible and easy to handle for the clinical cases analyzed in this study, especially during intraoperative procedures.
INFLUÊNCIA DA ADUBAÇÃO NO TEOR DE NITRATO NAS PASTAGENS E NO LEITE AO LONGO DO ANO NO OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Orsolin Veridiane , Jaguezeski Antonise Mariely , Gava Aldo , França Marciél , Hauser Adriana , Klock Adriana L.S. , Portes Vagner Miranda , Thaler Neto André
Published: May 2023

The indiscriminate use without criteria of nitrogen fertilization can lead to an accumulation of nitrate in pastures, animal poisoning and potential increase in residual content of this compound in milk. The objective of this study was to determine the residual levels of nitrate throughout the year in pastures and milk from small farms in western Santa Catarina (SC) that use high levels of nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out from April/2018 to March/2019 on 10 dairy farms in the municipality of Riqueza (SC). Two annual collections of water samples and monthly collections of pastures and milk were carried out, in addition to obtaining information on the property and management of pasture fertilization through a structured questionnaire. Nitrate was also evaluated in pastures using the diphenylamine test. Temperature and rainfall data were obtained daily by a weather station. The average amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the properties was 654 ± 176 kg/ha/year. The average nitrate content in the drinking water of the animals was 1.5 ± 1.4 mg/L, in the pasture it was 270 ± 76 mg/kg DM, while in milk it was 2.0 ± 0.3 mg/L. There was seasonal variation with an increase in nitrate content in pastures and milk in autumn, a period of the experiment in which low rainfall was observed. It was concluded that despite being dairy properties with high use of nitrogen fertilization, safe milk is produced in terms of nitrate levels, even in times of the year with adverse climatic conditions. The diphenylamine test has a good ability to discriminate the nitrate content in pastures and can be indicated as a quick test to verify the presence of high levels of nitrate in the pasture.
THE USE OF COOLING AND FREEZING FOR ANESTHESIA OF Phrynops geoffroanus TURTLES (PLEURODIRA: CHELIDAE) AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOW INCIPIENT LETHAL TEMPERATURE
Authors: Lima Mauro Sérgio Cruz Souza , Sousa Carlos Augusto dos Santos , Pederassi Jonas , Sobrinho João Mendes Frazão , Souza Carlos Alberto dos Santos , Abreu-Junior Antônio Nilberto Granjeiro , Amorim Isadora De Abreu , Andrade Joara De Sousa
Published: May 2023

The use of hypothermia for anesthesia and euthanasia in ectothermic individuals has promoted many discussions, especially in the last four decades, and yet it continues today as a method that is prohibited or restricted to certain procedures. Despite this, some studies have shown satisfactory results in obtaining anesthetic plans, raising questions about the real possibility of using this method in research. The aim of the present experiment was to determine the time patterns to generate anesthesia and low incipient lethal temperature in Phrynops geoffroanus through cooling and freezing. Turtles reached the anesthesia grade nine within 30 minutes, making ease handling due to muscle relaxation, and, in 80 minutes, they reached anesthesia grade 11, becoming insensitive. The low incipient lethal temperature (LILT) shows that 1°C is the limit freezing from where the turtle can recover its motor activities while lower temperatures cause death. The low incipient lethal temperature was determined in a 300-minute period independently of the individual's size or weight.
Status Hemodinâmico Transoperatório e Retardo da Função do Enxerto: Análise de 42 Transplantes Renais Consecutivos
Authors: Pimpao Bruno de Figueiredo , Hokazono Silvia Regina , Ruani Tiago Ormelez , Santos Vital Burko , Meyer Fernando , Fraga Rogerio de
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre o estado hemodinâmico transoperatório e o desenvolvimento da função retardada do enxerto (FRE) em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal. Métodos: Foram analisados 42 transplantes renais consecutivos entre maio de 2021 e maio de 2022 em um Hospital Universitário. Quatro tipos de variáveis foram estudadas. Variáveis relacionadas ao receptor: idade, sexo, raça, tipo de diálise, tempo de diálise antes do transplante e diurese residual. Variáveis relacionadas ao doador: idade, nível de creatinina sérica, causa do óbito, raça, lateralidade do rim (rim direito ou esquerdo), solução de perfusão utilizada e Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI). Variáveis cirúrgicas: Tempo de Isquemia Fria (TIF), multiplicidade vascular, cirurgião, duração da cirurgia e pressão arterial durante o procedimento. Variáveis imunológicas: Painéis Reativos de Anticorpos (PRA), incompatibilidades de HLA e necessidade de terapia de indução com timoglobulina. Resultados: Em análise univariada, os fatores relacionados significativos foram: tipo de diálise (hemodiálise) (p=0,004) e ausência de diurese residual (p=0,011). Entre os doadores, apenas a lateralidade do rim (rim direito) foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,005). O tempo de isquemia fria maior que 24 horas (p=0,022), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) menor que 130 mmHg na reperfusão (p<0,001), pressão arterial média (PAM) menor que 80 mmHg na reperfusão (p<0,001), e a média das PAMs pós-reperfusão (p=0,049) foram os fatores cirúrgicos significativos. Dentre os fatores imunológicos, apenas o uso de timoglobulina foi significativo para FRE (p=0,036). Apenas PAM < 80 mmHg (p=0,004) e PAS < 130m mmHg (p=0,005) foram fatores de risco independentes para FRE. Conclusão: Em nosso estudo, a ótima perfusão renal, evitando a queda da pressão arterial no transoperatório, principalmente após a reperfusão do enxerto, demonstrou ser fundamental para o funcionamento imediato do rim.
Glycogenic Hepatopathy in a Teenage Girl with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Authors:   Emergency Department Unit, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Greece, Kintrilis Nikolaos
Published: May 2023

Glycogenic hepatopathy (GH) refers to a relatively rare complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 which constitutes of reversible accumulation of excess hepatic glycogen, usually manifesting in the form of liver enzyme elevation along with hepatomegaly. The occurrence of the disorder is most commonly related to inadequate control of blood sugars. Herein, we report upon a case of an 18-year-old girl presenting with severe transaminase elevations owing to poor metabolic control, as well as the progression of her enzymes and general condition during and after her hospitalization.
Minangkabaunese Tradition of Out-Migration (Merantau) in Indonesia: Hamka’s Novels on Reality
Authors: Nasution Ikhwanuddin , Pardi Pardi , Manugeren M , Hidayati Hidayati , Pratiwy Devi , Wulan Sri
Published: May 2023

The study aims at identifying and describing the phenomena of out-migration (merantau) conducted by the Minangkabaunese in Hamka’s novels Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck and Merantau ke Deli as a reflection of reality. Etymologically, the word merantau does not simply mean migration; it is a concept with cultural values and norms and having no equivalent meaning in another language. The research holistically is done by means of descriptive qualitative research method on consideration that the discussions and the analysis are concerned with societal portraits which are to be revealed to improve the thinking horizon of the public about out-migration (merantau). The data are taken from the novels supported by the research instrument in the form of interview. The results show that merantau has become a cultural heritage for the Minangkabaunese caused by economic, social and cultural factors. The major characters in the novels experience financial difficulties as the space to find decent work is very limited in their hometown. The paradigm that every man has to do out-migration (merantau) has become social and cultural factors signifying their matrilineal system and in order to get a bright future they have to be well educated while proper education is not yet available in their place. Therefore, the summing up of the goals of out-migration (merantau) is to gain knowledge, experience, social status, prosperity as well as to conduct a cultural mission.