bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tableaux for Logics of Content Relationship and Set-Assignment Semantics
Authors: Jarmużek Tomasz , Klonowski Mateusz
Published: February 2022

In the paper, we examine tableau systems for R. Epstein’s logics of content relationship: $$\mathbf {D}$$
D
(Dependence Logic), $$\mathbf {DD}$$
DD
(Dual Dependence Logic), $$\mathbf {Eq}$$
Eq
(Logic of Equality of Content), $$\mathbf {S}$$
S
(Symmetric Relatedness Logic) and $$\mathbf {R}$$
R
(Nonsymmetric Relatedness Logic) (Epstein in The semantic foundations of Logic, Springer Science + Business Media, Dordrecht, (1990), cf. Epstein in Philos Stud 36:137–173, 1979, Epstein in Rep. Math. Logic 21:19–34, 1987, Klonowski in Logic Log Philos, accepted for publication, Krajewski in J Non Class Logic 8:7–33, 1991). The first tableau systems for those logics were defined by Carnielli (Rep Math Logic 21:35–46, 1987). However, his approach has some limitations, for example, it requires a proof of functional completeness and axiomatization. Notwithstanding the first two constraints, it does not include all Epstein logics, e.g., logic $$\mathbf {Eq}$$
Eq
. Unlike Carnielli’s approach, here we use set-assignment semantics to determine those logics. Since syntax and semantics of a given logic usually determine a minimal syntax and structure of a tableau system for the logic along with other properties, we propose a uniform tableau framework for the logics determined by set-assignment semantics. What distinguishes our tableau systems is that they combine the features of tableaux for propositional logics and syllogistic logics when the problem of content of propositions is analysed in tableau proofs. To denote the content of propositions in the proofs, we use generalised labels (explored in the syllogistic context in Jarmużek and Goré (In: Fitting (ed.) Landscapes in Logic, College Publications, London, accepted)).
Is ~ K ~ KP a luminous condition?
Authors: Smith Martin
Published: February 2022

One of the most intriguing claims in Sven Rosenkranz’s Justification as Ignorance is that Timothy Williamson’s celebrated anti-luminosity argument can be resisted when it comes to the condition ~ K ~ KP—the condition that one is in no position to know that one is in no position to know P (for some proposition P). In this paper, I critically assess this claim.
Structure and Equivalence
Authors: Dewar Neil
Published: February 2022

This Element explores what it means for two theories in physics to be equivalent (or inequivalent), and what lessons can be drawn about their structure as a result. It does so through a twofold approach. On the one hand, it provides a synoptic overview of the logical tools that have been employed in recent philosophy of physics to explore these topics: definition, translation, Ramsey sentences, and category theory. On the other, it provides a detailed case study of how these ideas may be applied to understand the dynamical and spatiotemporal structure of Newtonian mechanics - in particular, in light of the symmetries of Newtonian theory. In so doing, it brings together a great deal of exciting recent work in the literature, and is sure to be a valuable companion for all those interested in these topics.
Stressed out: the effects of heat stress and parasitism on gene expression of the lichen-forming fungus Lobaria pulmonaria
Authors: Kraft Miriam , Scheidegger Christoph , Werth Silke
Published: February 2022

Gene expression variation can be partitioned into different components (regulatory, genetic and acclimatory effects) but for lichen-forming fungi, the relative importance of each of these effects is unclear. Here, we studied gene expression in the lichen-forming fungus Lobaria pulmonaria in response to thermal stress and parasitism by the lichenicolous fungus Plectocarpon lichenum. Our experimental procedure was to acclimate lichen thalli to 4 °C over three weeks and then expose them to 15 °C and 25 °C for 2 hours each, sampling infected and visually asymptomatic thalli at each temperature. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was utilized to quantify gene expression of six candidate genes, normalizing expression values with two reference genes. We found that two genes encoding heat shock proteins (hsp88 and hsp98), two polyketide synthase genes (rPKS1, nrPKS3) and elongation factor 1-1-α (efa) were upregulated at higher temperatures. Moreover, we observed higher expression of hsp98 at 25 °C in samples infected by P. lichenum than in uninfected samples. Finally, in partial redundancy analyses, most of the explained variation in gene expression was related to temperature treatment; genetic variation and long-term acclimatization to sites contributed far less. Hence, regulatory effects (i.e. direct adjustments of gene expression in response to the temperature change) dominated over genetic and acclimatory effects in the gene expression variability of L. pulmonaria. This study suggests that L. pulmonaria could become a valuable lichen model for studying heat shock protein responses in vivo.
Physical Health Complaints in Adolescents
Authors: Lovis-Schmidt Avelina , Bilz Ludwig , Pahlke Kyra , Rindermann Heiner
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Background: Some of the physical health complaints adolescents have, such as headaches and stomachaches, cannot be explained on a somatic level. It is unclear which psychological factors can explain these complaints: stress and social support are often discussed, but emotions rarely are. Aims: This cross-sectional study aims to use social support, stress, the tendency toward negative emotions, and health behaviors to predict physical health complaints in adolescents. Method: The 2018 HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) data from the German state of Brandenburg was analyzed via structural equation and path modeling ( N = 3,068, age M = 13.05). Results: Results showed that the tendency toward negative emotions seems to be a better predictor for health complaints (β = .35) than stress (β = .17), and even better suited than social support (β = −.08) or health behavior (β = −.06 to β = .16). In the analysis of specific emotions (anger, sadness, and fear), correlations were low and between sadness and complaints they were highest (average β = .19). Limitations: The present cross-sectional study could not examine long-term outcomes. In addition, the results are limited to only a few physical complaints. Future long-term studies should examine multiple disease symptoms in adolescence. Conclusion: The investigated tendency toward negative emotions demonstrated promising results to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and physical health complaints. As negative emotions were particularly important in predicting physical health, prevention programs for adolescents should focus on dealing with negative emotions to improve their health.
A Study on Local‐Scale Thermal and Dynamical Mechanisms in the Initiation of a Squall Line Under Weak Forcing
Authors: Xiao Xian , Sun Juanzhen , Ji Lei , Zhang Lina , Ying Zhuming , Chen Zhixiong , Chen Mingxuan , Xu Changyi
Published: February 2022

A convective system was initiated under weak forcing on the plains near Beijing on the afternoon of 26 June 2009 and developed into a squall line that resulted in heavy precipitation. Prediction of the convective initiation (CI) of the system was challenging due to the lack of precursors detectable by conventional observation networks. In this study, we investigated the CI mechanism using high‐resolution analyses obtained from the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System via the assimilation of radar and dense surface observations. It was found that the CI was resulted from the interactions of a local cold air mass and the outflows from a weakened storm propagating from the nearby mountains. The cold air mass built up an unstable condition and veered air flow to form a local convergence zone in which moisture was accumulated. New convection was triggered as a result of strengthened convergence when the outflows from the dissipating storm approached the existing convergence zone. To confirm the critical role played by the local cold air mass, sensitivity experiments were conducted using WRF‐FDDA data assimilation and forecast system. The results suggested that the local cold air mass along with the southerly environmental wind and storm outflows exerted a dominant influence on the CI.
Implications of Coastal Conditions and Sea‐Level Rise on Mangrove Vulnerability: A Bio‐Morphodynamic Modeling Study
Authors: Xie Danghan , Schwarz Christian , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Zhou Zeng , van Maanen Barend
Published: February 2022

Mangrove forests are valuable coastal ecosystems that have been shown to persist on muddy intertidal flats through bio‐morphodynamic feedbacks. However, the role of coastal conditions on mangrove behavior remains uncertain. This study conducts numerical experiments to systematically explore the effects of tidal range, small wind waves, sediment supply and coastal slope on mangrove development under sea‐level rise (SLR). Our results show that mangroves in micro‐tidal conditions are more vulnerable because of the gentler coastal equilibrium slope and the limited ability to capture sediment, which leads to substantial mangrove landward displacement even under slow SLR. Macro‐tidal conditions with large sediment supply promote accretion along the profile and platform formation, reducing mangrove vulnerability for slow and medium SLR, but still cause rapid mangrove retreat under fast SLR. Small wind waves promote sediment accretion, and exert an extra bed shear stress that confines the mangrove forest to higher elevations with more favorable inundation regimes, offsetting SLR impacts. These processes also have important implications for the development of new landward habitats under SLR. In particular, our experiments show that landward habitat can be created even with limited sediment supply and thus without complete infilling of the available accommodation space. Nevertheless, new accommodation space may be filled over time with sediment originating from erosion of the lower coastal profile. Consistent with field data, model simulations indicate that sediment accretion within the forest can accelerate under SLR, but the timing and magnitude of accretion depend non‐linearly on coastal conditions and distance from the mangrove seaward edge.
The Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene Biogenic Bloom in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific: New Insights From Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1335
Authors: Reghellin Daniele , Coxall Helen K. , Dickens Gerald R. , Galeotti Simone , Backman Jan
Published: February 2022

The late Miocene‐early Pliocene “biogenic bloom” (BB) manifests as greatly enhanced biogenic sedimentation in sites along the Equator that has been linked to cooler sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP). However, the full extent and geometry of the BB in the EEP is less known. To improve on this, we have generated new carbonate content (CaCO3%) and bulk carbonate stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) records spanning the last 7 Ma at IODP Site U1335, located ca. 5° north of the Equator and to the west of the EEP. Site U1335 δ13C and δ18O records display high‐frequency variations coupled to changes in sediment composition and physical properties comparable to patterns seen at on‐Equator sites further east. During the late Miocene and the early Pliocene bulk δ18O is higher at Site U1335 compared to two off‐Equator sites further east, suggesting cooler SSTs generated by stronger equatorial upwelling reaching northwest of the modern core‐equatorial upwelling belt. Enhanced upwelling at Site U1335 is supported by relatively higher sedimentation rates prior to 4.6 Ma, symptomatic of higher biological production during the BB. These observations suggest that during the BB the equatorial upwelling circulation was more focused and less parallel to the Equator compared to present day.
Distribution Characteristics of the Plasma Irregularities Inside the Mid‐Latitude Ionospheric Trough Based on Swarm In Situ Measurements
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Xie Wenhao , Xiong Chao , Ye Ting , Wang Yuhao , Wan Xin , Cao Yueyan
Published: February 2022

A large number of studies have confirmed the frequent occurrence of mid‐latitude trough irregularities (MTI), but the distribution characteristics of these irregularities are still pending. Based on the Swarm in situ plasma measurements from 2014 to 2020, the dependences of MTI on magnetic local time, season, solar flux, and geomagnetic activities are analyzed. The results show that for the irregularities with scale‐size of about 7.5–75 km. (a) Geomagnetic activity has an obvious inhibitory effect on the formation of MTI, regardless on the dayside or nightside. (b) The daytime MTI occurrence rate is significantly higher than that at nighttime, and the difference between the poleward wall and equatorward wall during daytime is higher than that at nighttime. (c) The dayside MTI occurrence rate appears highest in winter and lowest in summer, but the nightside MTI occurrence rate appears highest in equinoxes and lowest in winter. (d) The nightside MTI show lower occurrence rate under high solar activity conditions, but no obvious solar activity influence is shown on the dayside. It is suggested that the temperature gradient instability plays an important role in causing the seasonal effect of the nightside MTI, but cannot directly support the solar activity effect. The relatively low nightside MTI occurrence rate in high solar activity years probably results from the relatively small electron temperature gradient. It is speculated that the formation of nightside MTI not only requires the antiparallel conditions of density gradient and temperature gradient, but may also needs to meet the enough large magnitude of the two gradients.
Rare variants in IFFO1, DTNB, NLRC3 and SLC22A10 associate with Alzheimer’s disease CSF profile of neuronal injury and inflammation
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Küçükali Fahri , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , De Pooter Tim , Joris Geert , De Rijk Peter , De Roeck Ellen , Tsolaki Magda , Verhey Frans , Martinez-Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Oliver , Richardson Jill , Bordet Régis , Scheltens Philip , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Johannsen Peter , Frölich Lutz , Vandenberghe Rik , Freund-Levi Yvonne , Streffer Johannes , Lovestone Simon , Legido-Quigley Cristina , ten Kate Mara , Barkhof Frederik , Strazisar Mojca , Zetterberg Henrik , Bertram Lars , Visser Pieter Jelle , van Broeckhoven Christine , Sleegers Kristel ,   EMIF-AD study group, Neumann Alexander , Küçükali Fahri , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , De Roeck Ellen , Tsolaki Magda , Verhey Frans , Martinez-Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Oliver , Richardson Jill , Bordet Régis , Scheltens Philip , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Johannsen Peter , Frölich Lutz , Vandenberghe Rik , Freund-Levi Yvonne , Streffer Johannes , Lovestone Simon , Legido-Quigley Cristina , ten Kate Mara , Barkhof Frederik , Zetterberg Henrik , Bertram Lars , Visser Pieter Jelle , van Broeckhoven Christine , Sleegers Kristel
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers represent several neurodegenerative processes, such as synaptic dysfunction, neuronal inflammation and injury, as well as amyloid pathology. We performed an exome-wide rare variant analysis of six AD biomarkers (β-amyloid, total/phosphorylated tau, NfL, YKL-40, and Neurogranin) to discover genes associated with these markers. Genetic and biomarker information was available for 480 participants from two studies: EMIF-AD and ADNI. We applied a principal component (PC) analysis to derive biomarkers combinations, which represent statistically independent biological processes. We then tested whether rare variants in 9576 protein-coding genes associate with these PCs using a Meta-SKAT test. We also tested whether the PCs are intermediary to gene effects on AD symptoms with a SMUT test. One PC loaded on NfL and YKL-40, indicators of neuronal injury and inflammation. Four genes were associated with this PC: IFFO1, DTNB, NLRC3, and SLC22A10. Mediation tests suggest, that these genes also affect dementia symptoms via inflammation/injury. We also observed an association between a PC loading on Neurogranin, a marker for synaptic functioning, with GABBR2 and CASZ1, but no mediation effects. The results suggest that rare variants in IFFO1, DTNB, NLRC3, and SLC22A10 heighten susceptibility to neuronal injury and inflammation, potentially by altering cytoskeleton structure and immune activity disinhibition, resulting in an elevated dementia risk. GABBR2 and CASZ1 were associated with synaptic functioning, but mediation analyses suggest that the effect of these two genes on synaptic functioning is not consequential for AD development.
Hydrogen trapping and embrittlement in high-strength Al alloys
Authors: Zhao Huan , Chakraborty Poulami , Ponge Dirk , Hickel Tilmann , Sun Binhan , Wu Chun-Hung , Gault Baptiste , Raabe Dierk
Published: February 2022

Ever more stringent regulations on greenhouse gas emissions from transportation motivate efforts to revisit materials used for vehicles1. High-strength aluminium alloys often used in aircrafts could help reduce the weight of automobiles, but are susceptible to environmental degradation2,3. Hydrogen ‘embrittlement’ is often indicated as the main culprit4; however, the exact mechanisms underpinning failure are not precisely known: atomic-scale analysis of H inside an alloy remains a challenge, and this prevents deploying alloy design strategies to enhance the durability of the materials. Here we performed near-atomic-scale analysis of H trapped in second-phase particles and at grain boundaries in a high-strength 7xxx Al alloy. We used these observations to guide atomistic ab initio calculations, which show that the co-segregation of alloying elements and H favours grain boundary decohesion, and the strong partitioning of H into the second-phase particles removes solute H from the matrix, hence preventing H embrittlement. Our insights further advance the mechanistic understanding of H-assisted embrittlement in Al alloys, emphasizing the role of H traps in minimizing cracking and guiding new alloy design.
Mechanism-based traps enable protease and hydrolase substrate discovery
Authors: Tang Shan , Beattie Adam T. , Kafkova Lucie , Petris Gianluca , Huguenin-Dezot Nicolas , Fiedler Marc , Freeman Matthew , Chin Jason W.
Published: February 2022

Hydrolase enzymes, including proteases, are encoded by 2–3% of the genes in the human genome and 14% of these enzymes are active drug targets1. However, the activities and substrate specificities of many proteases—especially those embedded in membranes—and other hydrolases remain unknown. Here we report a strategy for creating mechanism-based, light-activated protease and hydrolase substrate traps in complex mixtures and live mammalian cells. The traps capture substrates of hydrolases, which normally use a serine or cysteine nucleophile. Replacing the catalytic nucleophile with genetically encoded 2,3-diaminopropionic acid allows the first step reaction to form an acyl-enzyme intermediate in which a substrate fragment is covalently linked to the enzyme through a stable amide bond2; this enables stringent purification and identification of substrates. We identify new substrates for proteases, including an intramembrane mammalian rhomboid protease RHBDL4 (refs. 3,4). We demonstrate that RHBDL4 can shed luminal fragments of endoplasmic reticulum-resident type I transmembrane proteins to the extracellular space, as well as promoting non-canonical secretion of endogenous soluble endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones. We also discover that the putative serine hydrolase retinoblastoma binding protein 9 (ref. 5) is an aminopeptidase with a preference for removing aromatic amino acids in human cells. Our results exemplify a powerful paradigm for identifying the substrates and activities of hydrolase enzymes.
The natural reduction of threat in selected systems of old buildings containing asbestos
Authors: Obmiński Andrzej
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to measure changes in asbestos dust concentrations over extended use in old building systems. Buildings from different systems during their service lifetimes and after asbestos removal were tested. Asbestos dust concentrations decreased in all building systems due to air exchange and other phenomena in the absence of new active dust sources. Currently, with proper use of those buildings, average values of dust concentrations did not exceed 300–400 f/m3 with a downward trend to < 300 f/m3. The results of these studies were obtained with a modified optical microscopy technique, verified by SEM and TEM methods. The graphical trends in concentration changes over longer periods illustrate the potency of opposing factors reducing and increasing indoor air pollution. If removal asbestos work was not carried out carefully, single measurements conducted in the short-term and mandated immediately after asbestos removal may not detect hazards that appear over time. Monitoring buildings over longer periods allows detection of significant contamination changes. In many cases, the minimal air contamination undermines the desirability of removing asbestos in old buildings.
Validation of a roughness parameters for defining surface roughness of prosthetic polyethylene Pe-Lite liner
Authors: Hamzah Nur Afiqah , Razak Nasrul Anuar Abd , Karim Mohd Sayuti Ab , Salleh Siti Zuliana
Published: February 2022

The Biosculptor's CNC milling machine, the Biomill, offered four different surfaces machined on positive models. This study aims to adopt the surface topography method in characterizing the four different surface roughness of polyethylene Pe-Lite liner as a product of the Biomill. Three surface parameters chosen were the arithmetic average (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), and ten-point height (Rz). The surface parameters were used to define the four different surfaces (STANDARD, FINE, COARSE, and FAST) and then compared with the same liner material from a conventionally fabricated socket. The Ra values of the conventional liner, 8.43 μm, were determined to be in-between the Ra values of STANDARD and FAST surfaces which were 8.33 μm and 8.58 μm respectively. STANDARD surface required 43.2 min to be carved while FAST surface took almost only a third of the time compared to STANDARD surface (conventional socket takes 2–3 days). The results of this study would be one of the guidelines to the prosthetists using the Biosculptor in socket fabrication to produce sockets according to the suitable surface to cater to different requirements and levels of activity of each amputee.
A machine learning model for predicting deterioration of COVID-19 inpatients
Authors: Noy Omer , Coster Dan , Metzger Maya , Atar Itai , Shenhar-Tsarfaty Shani , Berliner Shlomo , Rahav Galia , Rogowski Ori , Shamir Ron
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been spreading worldwide since December 2019, presenting an urgent threat to global health. Due to the limited understanding of disease progression and of the risk factors for the disease, it is a clinical challenge to predict which hospitalized patients will deteriorate. Moreover, several studies suggested that taking early measures for treating patients at risk of deterioration could prevent or lessen condition worsening and the need for mechanical ventilation. We developed a predictive model for early identification of patients at risk for clinical deterioration by retrospective analysis of electronic health records of COVID-19 inpatients at the two largest medical centers in Israel. Our model employs machine learning methods and uses routine clinical features such as vital signs, lab measurements, demographics, and background disease. Deterioration was defined as a high NEWS2 score adjusted to COVID-19. In the prediction of deterioration within the next 7–30 h, the model achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.84 and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.74. In external validation on data from a different hospital, it achieved values of 0.76 and 0.7, respectively.
Prevalence and associations of metabolic syndrome in patients with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Hernández-Rubio Anna , Sanvisens Arantza , Bolao Ferran , Cachón-Suárez Isabel , Garcia-Martín Carme , Short Antoni , Bataller Ramón , Muga Roberto
Published: February 2022

Excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with different components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes or obesity. We aimed to analyze the prevalence and associations of MetS in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Cross-sectional study in heavy drinkers admitted for the treatment of AUD between 2013 and 2017. Medical comorbidity, anthropometric data, alcohol use and biological parameters were obtained. MetS was established according to the harmonized definition. A total of 728 patients (22% women) were included; median age was 47 years (IQR: 40–53.5), median alcohol consumption was 160 g/day (IQR: 115–240) and prevalence of MetS was 13.9%. The multivariate analysis showed a significant dose–response effect of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and MetS: relative to patients with eGFR > 90 mL/min, those with eGFR (60–90 mL/min) and those with eGFR < 60 mL/min were 1.93 times (95% CI 1.18–3.15) and 5.61 times (95% CI 1.66–19.0) more likely to have MetS, respectively. MetS was significantly associated with hyperuricemia (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.36–3.82) and elevated serum GGT (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.80–7.46). Furthermore, for every increase of 1 year in age, the probability of MetS increased significantly (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05). MetS in heavy drinkers is independently associated with reduced kidney function and metabolic risk factors including hyperuricemia and elevated serum GGT.
Lognormals, power laws and double power laws in the distribution of frequencies of harmonic codewords from classical music
Authors: Serra-Peralta Marc , Serrà Joan , Corral Álvaro
Published: February 2022

Zipf’s law is a paradigm describing the importance of different elements in communication systems, especially in linguistics. Despite the complexity of the hierarchical structure of language, music has in some sense an even more complex structure, due to its multidimensional character (melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, etc.). Thus, the relevance of Zipf’s law in music is still an open question. Using discrete codewords representing harmonic content obtained from a large-scale analysis of classical composers, we show that a nearly universal Zipf-like law holds at a qualitative level. However, in an in-depth quantitative analysis, where we introduce the double power-law distribution as a new player in the classical debate between the superiority of Zipf’s (power) law and that of the lognormal distribution, we conclude not only that universality does not hold, but also that there is not a unique probability distribution that best describes the usage of the different codewords by each composer.
Retrospective identification of medication related adverse events in the emergency medical services through the analysis of a patient safety register
Authors: Howard Ian , Howland Ian , Castle Nicholas , Al Shaikh Loua , Owen Robert
Published: February 2022

Adverse drug events encompass a wide range of potential unintended and harmful events, from adverse drug reactions to medication errors, many of which in retrospect, are considered preventable. However, the primary challenge towards reducing their burden lies in consistently identifying and monitoring these occurrences, a challenge faced across the spectrum of healthcare, including the emergency medical services. The aim of this study was to identify and describe medication related adverse events (AEs) in the out-of-hospital setting. The medication components of a dedicated patient safety register were analysed and described for the period Jan 2017–Sept 2020. Univariate descriptive analysis was used to summarize and report on basic case and patient demographics, intervention related AEs, medication related AEs, and AE severity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the odds of AE severity, by AE type. A total of 3475 patient records were assessed where 161 individual medication AEs were found in 150 (4.32%), 12 of which were categorised as harmful. Failure to provide a required medication was found to be the most common error (1.67%), followed by the administration of medications outside of prescribed practice guidelines (1.18%). There was evidence to suggest a 63% increase in crude odds of any AE severity [OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.03–2.6), p = 0.035] with the medication only AEs when compared to the intervention only AEs. Prehospital medication related adverse events remain a significant threat to patient safety in this setting and warrant greater widespread attention and future identification of strategies aimed at their reduction.
Hypoglycemia induces vascular endothelial dysfunction in subjects with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi , Okada Yosuke , Torimoto Keiichi , Nishio Kosuke , Narisawa Manabu , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: February 2022

This prospective study determined the effects of hypoglycemic stimulation on vascular endothelial function in non-diabetic patients using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). The study included non-diabetic patients who were hospitalized for an insulin tolerance test (ITT) for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism or hypopituitarism. Vascular endothelial function was assessed using the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) measured by the RH-PAT. We also measured the levels of anterior pituitary hormone, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine at the time of hypoglycemia. The primary endpoint was a change in the RHI at 120 min after insulin administration. The study included 27 patients. ITT was associated with significant increases in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and the blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, growth hormone, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. RHI significantly decreased after ITT from 2.24 ± 0.51 to 1.71 ± 0.42. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the change in RHI and change in adrenaline (r = − 0.670, p = 0.012). We concluded that hypoglycemic stimulation altered vascular endothelial function, as measured by RH-PAT, even in patients free of glucose intolerance. The observed deterioration in vascular endothelial function correlated with increases in catecholamine levels during hypoglycemia.

Trial registration: UMIN000033244.
Significant modulations of linc001128 and linc0938 with miR-24-3p and miR-30c-5p in Parkinson disease
Authors: Yousefi Maryam , Peymani Maryam , Ghaedi Kamran , Irani Shiva , Etemadifar Masoud
Published: February 2022

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease; the evidence suggests that lncRNAs and miRNAs play an important role in regulating the PD-related genes. The purpose of this research was to introduce two novel lncRNAs as the biomarker of PD diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the expression profiles of six nodes of two regulatory networks in the PBMCs which had been got from 38 PD patients and 20 healthy individuals by qRT-PCR. Then, we compared the expression of these RNAs in both early and late stages of PD with the controls to determine if their expression could be related to the severity of disease. Further, this study investigated the direct interaction between one of the lncRNAs and target miRNA by using the dual luciferase assay. The results of the expression profiles of six nodes of the two ceRNA networks shown that linc01128, hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-30c-5p expression were significantly downregulated. While, the Linc00938, LRRK2 and ATP13A2 expression were up-regulated in the PBMC of the PD patients, in comparison to the controls. In addition, this study demonstrated that linc00938 directly sponged hsa-miR-30c-5p. The present study, therefore, for the first time, revealed two candidate lncRNAs as the biomarkers in the PD patients.
Preventive effect of rebamipide on NSAID-induced lower gastrointestinal tract injury using FAERS and JADER
Authors: Imai Toru , Hazama Katsuyuki , Kosuge Yasuhiro , Suzuki Shinichiro , Ootsuka Susumu
Published: February 2022

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, various aspects of NSAID-induced lower gastrointestinal tract injury remain unclear, and effective prophylaxis has not been established. Based on its pharmacological effect and clinical trials, rebamipide may prevent lower gastrointestinal tract injury, although this evidence is limited by the small scale of trials. The present study used the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the Japanese Adverse Event Reporting Database (JADER) to assess the efficacy of rebamipide in combination with loxoprofen and diclofenac in preventing NSAID-induced lower gastrointestinal tract injury. The calculated reporting odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for rebamipide in combination with loxoprofen and diclofenac were 1.15 (95% CI 0.88–1.51) and 1.28 (95% CI 0.82–2.01) for FAERS, and 0.50 (95% CI 0.35–0.71) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.27–0.67) for JADER, respectively. No signal was detected when combining drugs. These results suggest a prophylactic effect of rebamipide on NSAID-induced lower gastrointestinal tract injury.
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of Lentinus squarrosulus powder and impact on human fecal microbiota
Authors: Ayimbila Francis , Siriwong Supatcharee , Nakphaichit Massalin , Keawsompong Suttipun
Published: February 2022

Humans have long-used mushrooms as food and medicine, but digestion and colonic fermentation of most mushrooms, including Lentinus squarrosulus is markedly unknown. Here, nutritional profile, digestion and colonic fermentation of L. squarrosulus powder (LP) were determined. The powder contained mainly carbohydrate and protein. SEM and F-TIR analysis of the resistant hydrolysate (RH) revealed that the structure and ratio of carbohydrate and protein components were altered, and released known immunomodulation agents; beta-glucans and mannose. Both LP and RH promoted selected probiotic bacteria, especially Bifidobacterium strains. Using fecal microbiota of five volunteers (V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5), RH stimulated the microbiota of all used volunteers, via decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ranging from 1.3 to 8.2 times. Also, RH increased the relative abundance of vital immunomodulators; Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV, and Sutterella. Additionally, RH fermentation enriched the content of branch-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), indicating protein and carbohydrate usage. Notably, propionic and butyric acids were abundant in V1, V2 and V3, while in V4 and V5, acetic and butyric acids were most enriched. Suggesting L. squarrosulus as functional mushroom to improve health and prevent diseases by enhancing gut health.
Effect of contrasting phosphorus levels on nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from temperate grassland soils
Authors: Gebremichael Amanuel W. , Wall David P. , O’Neill Rosie M. , Krol Dominika J. , Brennan Fiona , Lanigan Gary , Richards Karl G.
Published: February 2022

Agricultural practices such as repeated fertilization impact carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and their relationships in the plant–soil continuum, which could have important implications for the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions. However, little is known about the effect of C and N additions under contrasting soil P availability status on nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this study, we conducted a field-based experiment that investigated the impact of long-term (23 years) P management (no (P0, 0 kg P ha−1), low (P15, 15 kg P ha−1) and high (P45, 45 kg P ha−1) P inputs) on N2O and CO2 emissions following two C + N application events in two managed grassland ecosystems with loam and sandy loam soils. The magnitude of fluxes varied between the soil P availability levels. Cumulative N2O emission was significantly higher in P0 soils (1.08 ± 0.09 g N2O-N m−2) than P45 soils (0.63 ± 0.03 g N2O-N m−2), with the loam soil (1.04 ± 0.04 g N2O-N m−2) producing significantly higher emissions than the sandy loam soil (0.88 ± 0.05 g N2O-N m−2). We conclude that P-limitation stimulates N2O emissions, whereas P-enrichment promotes soil respiration in these temperate grassland sites. Our findings inform effective nutrient management strategies underpinning optimized use of N and P inputs to agricultural soils as mitigation measures for both food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Triazine-based porous organic polymers for reversible capture of iodine and utilization in antibacterial application
Authors: Mohan Anandhu , Al-Sayah Mohammad H. , Ahmed Abdelrahman , El-Kadri Oussama M.
Published: February 2022

The capture and safe storage of radioactive iodine (129I or 131I) are of a compelling significance in the generation of nuclear energy and waste storage. Because of their physiochemical properties, Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) are considered to be one of the most sought classes of materials for iodine capture and storage. Herein, we report on the preparation and characterization of two triazine-based, nitrogen-rich, porous organic polymers, NRPOP-1 (SABET = 519 m2 g−1) and NRPOP-2 (SABET = 456 m2 g−1), by reacting 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine or 1,4-bis-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine)-benzene with thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde, respectively, and their use in the capture of volatile iodine. NRPOP-1 and NRPOP-2 showed a high adsorption capacity of iodine vapor with an uptake of up to 317 wt % at 80 °C and 1 bar and adequate recyclability. The NRPOPs were also capable of removing up to 87% of iodine from 300 mg L−1 iodine-cyclohexane solution. Furthermore, the iodine-loaded polymers, I2@NRPOP-1 and I2@NRPOP-2, displayed good antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (ML), Escherichia coli (EC), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA). The synergic functionality of these novel polymers makes them promising materials to the environment and public health.
The molecular design of performance-enhanced intraocular lens composites
Authors: Mao Yan , Liu Hong , Long Gu Feng , Wu Ming-Xing , Wang Yan
Published: February 2022

The molecular mechanism of the formation of glistening in IOLs was explored by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Such mechanism can offer a solid theoretical basis and guidance for the subsequent construction of glistening-free IOL materials.
Recent improvements to the selectivity of extraction-based optical ion sensors
Authors: Robinson Kye J. , Soda Yoshiki , Bakker Eric
Published: February 2022

Selectivity remains a constant challenge in the development of optical extraction-based sensors. Fortunately, there are several mechanistic and compositional changes with the potential to improve selectivity without developing new ionophores.
Critical size effect for the surface heat capacities of nano-CdS: theoretical and experimental studies
Authors: Zhang Shengjiang , Tan Xiuniang , Zhou Yan , Liu Jinyang , Liang Xiangyao , Ding Xuehuan , Lyu Guangmiao , Wei Ying , Chen Junxin , Mao Yidan , Wu Jinmei , Huang Yushan , Huang Yusen , Tan Xuecai , Huang Zaiyin
Published: February 2022

Critical size values for molar and surface heat capacities of approximately spherical nano-CdS are 9.3 nm and 8.7 nm, respectively.
Elastic moduli of normal and cancer cell membranes revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Linh , Man Viet Hoang , Li Mai Suan , Derreumaux Philippe , Wang Junmei , Nguyen Phuong H.
Published: February 2022

Recent studies indicate that there are mechanical differences between normal cells and cancer cells.
A novel PdC monolayer with fully dispersed Pd atoms and a rigid carbon backbone: an intrinsic versatile electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and the corresponding reverse reaction
Authors: Lu Shaohua , Zhu Kai , Fan Dong , Hu Xiaojun
Published: February 2022

First-principles calculations revealed that a newly identified PdC is an intrinsic versatile electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and the corresponding reverse reaction.
Interface morphology driven exchange interaction and magnetization reversal in a Gd/Co multilayer
Authors: Singh Surendra , Basha M. A. , Bhatt Harsh , Kumar Yogesh , Gupta M.
Published: February 2022

A correlation of the interface structure and magnetization of a Gd/Co multilayer upon annealing at 573 K.
Quantum control of reactions and collisions at ultralow temperatures
Authors: Zhao Bo , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: February 2022

At nearly absolute zero temperature, molecular reactions and collisions are completely governed by quantum mechanics and can be exquisitely controlled by external fields.
Aerobic oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin catalyzed by air-stable and recyclable copper complex and TEMPO under base-free conditions
Authors: Jana Narayan Ch. , Sethi Subrat , Saha Ratnakar , Bagh Bidraha
Published: February 2022

An air-stable, recyclable, and sustainable copper catalyst was efficiently utilized for the aerobic oxidation of biomass model compound vanillyl alcohol to the important aroma compound vanillin under green conditions.
Is ethaline a deep eutectic solvent?
Authors: Agieienko Vira , Buchner Richard
Published: February 2022

The ethaline composition lies in the ChCl-saturated region of the phase diagram which explains why ChCl precipitates in this solvent.
Improving charge transport and reducing non-radiative energy loss via a nonacyclic carbazole-based third component for over 18% efficiency polymer solar cells
Authors: Gong Yongshuai , Yu Runnan , Gao Huaizhi , Ma Zongwen , Dong Yiman , Su Yi-Jia , Chen Tsung-Wei , Hsu Chain-Shu , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: February 2022

Ternary polymer solar cells were fabricated by introducing dithienocyclopentacarbazole (DTC) based non-fullerene acceptor DTTC-4ClC9 into PM6:BTP-BO-4Cl host blends, and the champion power conversion efficiency of 18.21% was achieved.
Correction: Surface organic ligand-passivated quantum dots: toward high-performance light-emitting diodes with long lifetimes
Authors: Wang Lishuang , Lv Ying , Lin Jie , Zhao Jialong , Liu Xingyuan , Zeng Ruosheng , Wang Xun , Zou Bingsuo
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Surface organic ligand-passivated quantum dots: toward high-performance light-emitting diodes with long lifetimes’ by Lishuang Wang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 2483–2490, DOI: 10.1039/D0TC05391K.
A binocular reconstruction based on perspective projection constraints and its application on robot eye‐hand coordination
Authors: Wei Hui , Meng Lingjiang
Published: February 2022

Stereo matching algorithms have been developed for many years but basically focus only on the implementation of existing datasets and are rarely applied to real scenarios, such as industrial robot scenarios. Traditional stereo matching algorithms have a high error rate, and deep learning algorithms are difficult to obtain good results in real scenarios because of their weak generalisation ability and difficult access to training data. In order to use stereo matching algorithms for industrial robot guidance, it is better to design a new traditional algorithm with low time complexity for the characteristics of industrial robot scenarios dominated by planar facets. This paper proposes a new matching method based on subrows of pixels, instead of individual pixels, in order to improve robustness of matching and reduce running time. First, the pixel strings from the same row of the left and right images are divided into several colour‐identical or colour‐gradient segments. Then, the colour and length of the two left and right pixel segment are used as clues to determine a matching relation and obtain the matching type. Then, all match types can be determined according to non‐crossing mapping. Each match type can reason backward to the corresponding spatial state of the stimulus source so that the disparity of pixels in pixel segments representing the spatial state can be calculated. This new matching method makes full use of the stimulus homology constraints and projective geometric constraints of row‐aligned images. The method can obtain good results in industrial robot scenarios and be applied for industrial robot guidance.
Metal‐only ultra‐wideband reflectarray
Authors: Ren Jia‐Wei , Wang Hong‐Jian
Published: February 2022

A metal‐only ultra‐wideband polarisation‐selective reflectarray element using the true time delay is proposed herein. The element affords a large bandwidth with a tuneable reflection phase. An offset‐fed reflectarray prototype using the proposed element was designed, and it exhibited stable radiation patterns from 4 to 35 GHz (over 8:1 bandwidth), a low loss, and a measured maximum efficiency of 54.6%. The special metal‐only feature circumvents the need for dielectric substrates and ground planes; such features result in a simple structure that allows it to be used in harsh environments such as space.
A deep‐learning based solar irradiance forecast using missing data
Authors: Shan Shuo , Xie Xiangying , Fan Tao , Xiao Yushun , Ding Zhetong , Zhang Kanjian , Wei Haikun
Published: February 2022

Irradiance prediction is a vital task in the renewable energy field. Its aim is to forecast the irradiance or power of a photovoltaic plant and thus provide a reference for stabilizing the power grid. In the real scenarios, missing data can significantly reduce the accuracy of the prediction. Meanwhile, due to the unawareness of the distribution of datasets, it is difficult to choose a suitable imputation method before modeling. Also, different imputation methods do not have the same good effects on different datasets. In this article, a recurrent neural network with an adaptive neural imputation module is proposed for forecasting direct solar irradiance using missing data. The model predicts future 4‐h irradiance based on the missing historical climate and irradiance data without imputing the data in pre‐processing stage. The proposed model is tested on the open access datasets, with missing values generated randomly in all input series. The model performance is compared under various missing rates and different input factors with other imputation methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform other methods under different evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the authors integrate the model with the attention mechanism and find it has better performance at high irradiance.
Percy Lane Oliver (1878 – 1944) und die Gründung des ersten freiwilligen Blutspenderdienstes in England im Jahr 1921
Authors: Bauer Axel W.
Published: February 2022

Der aus St. Ives in Cornwall stammende Bibliothekar Percy Lane Oliver (1878 – 1944) begründete im Oktober 1921 in London den ersten freiwilligen Blutspenderdienst, der 1926 vom britischen
Roten Kreuz übernommen und 1946 als Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) verstaatlicht wurde. Die Spender erhielten keine Bezahlung, ihre Blutspende sollte als Geschenk an die Allgemeinheit
verstanden werden. Der vom methodistischen Gedankengut geprägte Oliver war 1893 nicht zum Medizinstudium zugelassen worden, jedoch wurde er durch seine philanthropische Gesinnung und sein
Organisationstalent zu einem Pionier der Transfusionsmedizin. Nach seinem Tod im Jahr 1944 wurde er zunächst von der Medizingeschichte weitgehend vergessen, doch erinnern der Oliver Memorial
Fund und der Percy Lane Oliver Memorial Award auch heute noch an sein Wirken.