bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study to assess the Aedes mosquto diversity and the different mosquito genera in a rural area in Thrissur, Kerala
Authors: Wilson Anitha , Krishnadas V. T. , Saju C. R. , Rafi M. Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Background: Mosquito is one of the leading causes of vector borne causing infections leading to morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the reason for spreading various viral, parasitic infections to humans. India has favorable climatic and environment conditions for mosquito breeding and in addition to these, influence of human activity has been significant in the increased breeding of mosquitoes. The objective of the study was to determine the various artificial containers which led to the Aedes mosquito larvae breeding and to understand the various mosquito genera in a rural area in Kerala.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 4 months September, October, December and January in a ward of Kaiparambu Panchayath, Thrissur. A house-to-house survey was done where every water holding containers outdoor and indoor of each house was inspected, looked for larvae, collected and examined. Adult mosquitoes were also collected from the premises.Results: Total house examined were 520 over four months and positive containers were 271. The House index, Container index and Breteau index for the 4 months were moderate to high risk level. Maximum breeding was seen in plastic containers and the most common species identified during larval and adult stages from indoor and outdoor were Aedes albopictus.Conclusions: Mosquitoes are the main risk for various vector borne diseases. Influence of manmade habitats has been significant in the increase of mosquito diversity. By educating the people, appropriate waste management and reducing use of plastics can to extent reduce the problems associated.
Association between high resolution computed topography chest severity scores of COVID positive patients with their clinical severity in the COVID care hospital, Jhalawar, Rajasthan
Authors: Das Monika , Gupta Pankaj , Swarnkar Madhusudan , Jain Mayank
Published: March 2022

Background: Novel coronavirus is a new emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has led to a global pandemic. Early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis is essential to manage the disease. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between HRCT (high resolution computed topography) severity scores with clinical severity of COVID positive patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on reports of HRCT scan of RT-PCR positive patients admitted in COVID care hospital of JMCH. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect all the relevant information including clinical symptoms and post COVID symptoms.Results: CT scores of 236 patients in mild, moderate and severe category were 111 (47%), 83 (35.2%) and 42 (17.8%) respectively. The mean age group was 52.35 years with male preponderance showing a number of 173 (73.3%). The most common clinical symptoms of COVID positive patients in mild, moderate, severe category were cough (82%) and fever (74.8%); cough (95.2%) and SOB (90.40%) and SOB (97.6%) and cough (85.70%) respectively followed by other symptoms. The mean interval of days between initial positive to subsequent RT-PCR negative results in CT severity scores of mild, moderate, severe categories were 5.22, 6.22, 7.12 days respectively.Conclusions: The study suggests that chest CT scoring can add in predicting disease diagnosis and outcome significantly.
Effectiveness of communication board on the communication pattern among aphasic patients
Authors: Kaur Lovepreet , Sharma Sangeeta
Published: March 2022

Background: Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person’s ability to communicate   and Inability to produce language, pronounce the sentences and Inability to speak spontaneously. Communication has always been a primary need of human beings. Communication boards generally include the letters of the alphabet, common words or phrases and pictures of common items and/or actions.Methods: The pre experimental design was used in the study and 30 aphasic patients were selected through non probability purposive sampling technique. Observational rating scale was used to evaluate the communication pattern of aphasic patients. Data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: In pretest majority of aphasic patients that is 90% have poor communication pattern and 10% of aphasic patients have moderate communication pattern. In posttest 46.7% aphasic patients were having good communication pattern 43.3% were having moderate communication pattern and 10% were having poor communication pattern. The mean±SD in pretest was 1.1000±0.30513 and for posttest was 2.3667±0.66868 and having mean difference of -1.26667. The p value was significant as p<0.05. There was no association between age, gender, religion, educational status and occupation at 0.05 level of significance.Conclusions: This study concludes that the communication board was effective in significant improvement of communication pattern in posttest. The improvement in communication pattern will help to facilitate communication among aphasic patients. Thus current study encourages the utilization of communication board among aphasic patients to enhance their communication pattern.
Clinico-epidemiological study of burn patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Solapur, Western Maharashtra
Authors: Ram P. S. Nithes , Haralkar Santosh J. , Soni Akhil
Published: March 2022

Background: Burn injuries constitute a major public health problem and account for a significant cause of high mortality and morbidity amongst the Indian population. This results in heavy social, economic and clinical burden to the nation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of burns patients admitted in a tertiary care center and to study the socio-demographic and clinical profile of burn patients and to assess the outcome of burn patients.Methods: Hospital based descriptive study with cross sectional design was done using the records of all burn patients admitted in burn ward of surgery department during 1st January 2019 to December 31st 2019.Results: Burn injuries were most common in the age group of 41-60 years. The male to female ratio was 0.65: 1. Most of the burn incident took place in rural area (73%) and rest (27%) in urban area. Most of the mode of burn injury (88.7%) were accidental burns, 8.2% had alleged history of suicide and in rest 3.1% homicide was suspected. Mortality ratio was 33.30% and 66.70% of patients got discharged from the hospital. A higher TBSA involvement is statistically associated with an increased risk of mortality (p<0.05).Conclusions: The prevention strategies for burns should address the hazards of specific burn injuries, awareness education for vulnerable population and targeted first aid training. The burn units should be established well to reduce the mortality.
Medical crowdfunding and COVID-19: awareness and perception of healthcare professionals and role of crowdfunding platforms in India
Authors: Bishnoi Pooja , Shukla Shivam K. , Khanna Saransh , S. Sheetal , Singh Vaibhav K. , Banerjee Rupsa
Published: March 2022

Background: In developing countries like India, where out-of-pocket expenditure forms a large part of overall health spending, crowdfunding can be an alternative to ease peoples’ financial burden. The COVID-19 pandemic in India imposed a huge financial strain on people causing many to turn to crowdfunding to pay for their medical expenses. Health professionals can play an important role in raising awareness among people regarding medical crowdfunding. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness and perception about crowdfunding among health care professionals and analyse COVID-19 relief campaigns run by selected crowdfunding platforms in India.Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted including cross-sectional online survey among healthcare professionals and secondary analysis of COVID-19 relief campaigns run by crowdfunding platforms in India.Results: Among 155 participants in our study, 121 (78%) were aware about crowdfunding and most of them (93%) had come to know about crowdfunding during the pandemic. Participants who had previously known someone who required funds to support their medical treatment had greater knowledge regarding crowdfunding (p=0.04) and believed that crowdfunding can reduce individual financial burden (p=0.02). However, 30% participants did not trust online crowdfunding platforms to be genuine. Three crowdfunding platforms (Ketto, Milaap and Impact Guru) were analysed for COVID-19 relief campaigns- most campaigns were run to raise funds for medical oxygen/oxygen concentrators.Conclusions: We found that previous experience of unmet financial need affects both knowledge and trust in medical crowdfunding. There is a need to improve awareness and confidence related to crowdfunding among health care professionals.
Active oxygen oral rinse: chairside treatments against coronavirus infections
Authors: Alghamdi Hamdan
Published: March 2022

In 2020, many patients were infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. The identification of coronavirus in saliva have suggested the oral cavity as a potential reservoir for COVID-19 transmission, particularly in dental clinics. Chairside oral rinses have been widely used as a standard measure before routine dental treatment for many years. Recently, the use of chairside oral rinse has been recalled as a pre-procedural infection control measure by several health authorities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there is still no clinical evidence, oral rinses containing active oxygen agents (e.g. BlueM formula) have been recommended to reduce the viral load in aerosols and drops during oral procedures. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the current guidelines and recommendations on the use of active oxygen oral rinse as chairside treatment against the COVID-19 pandemic in dentistry.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum: a case report
Authors: Kancherla Harshini , Kadimella Maheswari S. , Gelly Ramya Bala Prabha , Tadikonda Ramo R.
Published: March 2022

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or Devic's disease is a rare inflammatory, demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that primarily affects women, most commonly in their 30s and 40s. NMOSD has been linked to several different illnesses including autoimmune disorders. Recurrent bouts of optic neuritis, myelitis and brainstem disorders are caused by serum antibodies (Abs) against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel. No AQP4-Abs are detected in some patients with NMOSD symptoms, but Abs against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG). The term MOG-encephalomyelitis is now commonly used to describe this clinical disorder. Long segments of inflammation in the spinal cord (myelitis), severe optic neuritis and bouts of persistent vomiting and hiccoughs are all characteristics symptoms. This was the case of 30 year old female who presented with a chief complaint of weakness of both lower limbs, unable to walk, tingling and numbness. Based on her MRI findings revealed that the patient was diagnosed with NMO spectrum. She was treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Current scenario of suppurative head and neck infections in patients of tertiary care centre in COVID era
Authors: Raj Lakshmy V. , Sachdeva Kavita , Shukla Amrita , Kabade Mayur V. , Tom Stephy Maria
Published: March 2022

Background: In the COVID era, when self treatment and social media treatment gained popularity, diagnosis of suppurative infections was delayed and rampant misuse of antibiotics significantly increased. Hence this study is necessary to enlighten the current trend of organisms causing suppurative head and neck infections and their presentation.

Methods: Prospective observational study in 110 patients with suppurative head and neck infections who came to Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head And Neck Surgery of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur within a period of 18 months ie from March 2020 to August 2021.After detailed clinical examination, under strict aseptic precautions, sample was collected and sent for investigations.

Results: Of 110 patients, 75 were male and 35 were female, maximum in their fourth to fifth decade of life. Diabetes the most common risk factor. The commonest symptom of presentation was swelling, being maximum in submandibular area. Odontogenic the most common etiology. Submental and submandibular space infections presenting as Ludwig’s Angina is the commonest space infection. Prior antibiotic history before visit to our hospital seen in 61.8%, still only 22.8% were sterile.61.8% showed bacterial growth,10.9% fungal and 4.5% tubercular. Psuedomonas aeruginosa was most commonly isolated with site predilection to oral cavity followed by E. coli.

Conclusions: Public education about head and neck infections, oral hygiene, non-communicable diseases should be implemented as step of primordial prevention. Culture specific antibiotic therapy for the correct amount of time should be mainstay of treatment. Prescription by a registered medical practitioner must be made mandatory for providing antibiotics to any layman to reduce the rampant overuse and misuse of antibiotics
Endoscopic evaluation of dysphagia incorporating eating assessment tool-10 and dysphagia outcome and severity scales-a cross-sectional study
Authors: T. Sandravelu , P. Preetham A. , Feshan Musarrat
Published: March 2022

Background: Dysphagia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A careful history may determine the cause of dysphagia in over 80% of patients. The intention of my study is to assess the patients of dysphagia using fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscope and to study their clinicopathological profile and assess the severity using dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) scale and eating assessment tool (EAT)-10 score.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of patients with symptoms of dysphagia who presented to the ENT department were included. The study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019. A total of 120 patients were taken for the study.

Results: Dysphagia was more common among males than females and more prevalent in the age group of 61-70 years. Patients with tracheostomy had an EAT-10 score above 6 and DOSS level 5 and below. EAT-10 score was helpful to assess dysphagia with the majority of patients having a score of 6 to 10 and the scores correlated with DOSS levels. Indirect laryngoscopy (IDL) was helpful to diagnose in 68.5% of cases and fibre optic laryngoscopy (FOL) was helpful in diagnosis in 75.8% of cases. Malignancy was the most common cause of dysphagia (25%) followed by laryngopharyngeal reflux (24.2%). Mortality rate in the present study was 15 %

Conclusions: Dysphagia is a complex symptom, the description of which varies from person to person and is common among the elderly population and in those with co-morbidities and needs to be evaluated early to diagnose and treat the underlying cause.
Comparison of efficacy and post-operative complications of adenotonsillectomy using coblation versus adenotonsillectomy using microdebrider and bipolar diathermy
Authors: Sureshkumar Sethulakshmi , Hamza Nesva Pilaparambil , Francis Abhilash Alex
Published: March 2022

Background: Adenotonsillectomy is one of the widely performed surgical procedures in children worldwide, but there continues to be no universally accepted “ideal” method of tonsillectomy. This study is aimed to compare the outcome of coblation adenotonsillectomy versus microdebrider adenoidectomy with bipolar tonsillectomy in terms of efficacy and complication rate.

Methods: In this analytical observational study, 40 patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy were divided into two groups according to the technique of surgery adopted. Group A were the children who underwent coblation adenotonsillectomy and group B underwent microdebrider adenoidectomy with bipolar tonsillectomy. Comparison was made between intraoperative bleeding, the method of haemostasis, ease of haemostasis during surgery, post operative pain and comfort levels of the patient and also recurrence of symptoms after 3 months.

Results: Results of this study show that microdebrider adenoidectomy was found to have significantly higher intraoperative bleeding. The surgeons found it easier to attain hemostasis in the group who underwent coblation adenotonsillectomy. Postoperative pain, pain while feeding, difficulty in talking, higher rates of residual adenoid tissue were observed more in adenotonsillectomy using microdebrider and bipolar diathermy while ear pain, edema of the uvula were found to be slightly higher with coblation adenotonsillectomy.

Conclusions: Results of our study conclude that ‘coblation adenotonsillectomy’ has an advantage over ‘adenotonsillectomy using microdebrider and bipolar diathermy’ and was found to be more efficacious and safer with less morbidity and rapid recovery.
Effectiveness of parents kiss for removal of pediatric nasal foreign bodies
Authors: Mir Yaseer Ahmad , Khan Mehraj Uid-din , Ayoub Touseef Ul
Published: March 2022

Background: Lodging of foreign body in the nose is one of the common accidents in pediatric age group leading to emergency consultation. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of mouth to mouth blowing to remove or facilitate removal of nasal foreign body.

Methods: This was a prospective interventional study on 46 children aged 2-6 years presenting to pediatric emergency department at Sher- I-Kashmir institute of medical sciences with a history of unilateral foreign body in nose, between February 2016 and January 2019. At the most, three attempts of Mouth-to-mouth blows were given to remove the foreign body. In case of failure, instrumentation was used. The data was tabulated according to age, Gender, type of foreign body and management received.

Results: Out of 46 children, 16 of the children were girls and 30 were boys. Parents kiss was successful in removing nasal foreign body in 34 (79.31%) children. Beads were the most common types of foreign bodies (36.96%). The most common presentation was report of accidental placement of something in the nose, other presentations were bleeding from the nose and unilateral discharge. 22 of 27 (81.48%) ‘Simple’ foreign bodies were removed by parents kiss while 12 of 19 (63.15%) ‘complex’ foreign bodies were removed by parents kiss.

Conclusions: For children presenting with foreign body in the nose, mouth to mouth blowing should be the first maneuverer to facilitate removal.
Post surgery mucor recurrence in COVID-19 associated mucormycosis patients of a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sachdeva Kavita , Raj Lakshmy V. , Tom Stephy Maria , Sharma Diksha , Shukla Amrita , Kabade Mayur V.
Published: March 2022

Background: Together with COVID-19 infection, we saw an outbreak of COVID associated mucormycosis (CAM). These patients were treated with antifungals, aggressive surgery, control of diabetes and other predisposing factors. But as demand increased, there was shortage of antifungals. So patients underwent relapses. The aim of study was to evaluate the causes and relevant factors predisposing to recurrence and tools used to evaluate recurrence and extent of disease in relation to primary disease.

Methods: Prospective study of 160 CAM patients who were discharged successfully after surgery and kept under regular follow up by endoscopy, CRP, blood sugar monitoring.

Results: Our study of 160 follow up cases of CAM in whom 21 patients had recurrence. There were 18 males and 3 females. The most common affected was between 50-60 years. 67% of recurrent cases had poor diabetic control, 81% suspicious of recurrence in endoscopy, 86% showed rising trend in CRP (>5 mg/dl). These patients were further evaluated with radiological investigations like MRI and CBCT (cone beam CT). MRI detected recurrence in 38% whereas CBCT detected 62%. Most common site of recurrence was maxilla. All recurrent cases underwent surgical debridement and were given 5 gm of liposomal amphotericin.

Conclusions: Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal disease. COVID patients in whom immunological status are altered, diabetic or immunocompromised should be kept under surveillence by endoscopy, CRP and blood sugar monitoring. Though CAM patients are treated with surgery and antifungals, they should be under regular follow up for more than 6 months. Diabetic control helps in curbing the rapid spread of CAM. Suspected cases should undergo radiological investigations like MRI and CBCT. Recurrent/residual disease of mucormycosis can be tackled and treated successfully.
Giant pilomatrixoma on the back of neck: a unique case
Authors: Jha Shruti , Singh Jyoti , Kumar Alekh , Singh Rakesh K.
Published: March 2022

Pilomatrixomas are benign adnexal tumours, commonly occurring in the head and neck region. We present a unique case of giant pilomatrixoma on the posterior triangle of the neck, its diagnosis and subsequent treatment and its potential to become a primary differential diagnosis of slow-growing, benign masses. We report a case of 10×10 cm slow-growing painless mass in the nape of the neck with overlying ulcerations and conflicting radio-pathological pre-operative reports and its subsequent diagnosis as pilomatrixoma. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of ghost cells and basaloid cells, confirming the diagnosis. We stress the importance of recognizing this pilomatrixoma variant, whose clinical picture is confusing and obscure. We also reiterate the need for close follow up of small lesions due to the small but grave risk of malignant transformation and recurrence. Pilomatrixoma has variable presenting features and poses a diagnostic dilemma. Surgical planning can be done with the help of proper radiological features, and complete excision of the mass is required to achieve a cure.
PHACE syndrome: a frequently overlooked entity
Authors: Chakravarti Arunabha , Sharma Deeksha
Published: March 2022

Infantile hemangiomas are the commonest vascular tumors of infancy. About 10% are associated with PHACE syndrome, a rare condition presenting with multiple systemic anomalies along with large cervicofacial hemangiomas. We present two case reports of this rare entity. First, a six year old female, with cutaneous hemangiomas involving the face and oral cavity, and extracutaneous hemangiomas involving the parotid glands, choroid and peripapillary region of the eye. MRI brain revealed presence of vascular malformations in the circle of Willis along with impingement of optic nerve. MRI head and neck region confirmed the presence of hemangiomas in bilateral parotid gland, right upper eyelid near medial canthus and in the suprasternal region. Second, a three-month-old female presenting with stridor along with hemangiomas involving segment 3 of face, oral cavity and parotid glands. CECT neck and Chest showed hemangiomas involving bilateral parotid and submandibular glands. Mediastinal involvement with extraluminal compression of airway was noted. Microlaryngobronchoscopy did not reveal presence of any airway hemangiomas. Ophthalmological examination showed signs of optic nerve hypoplasia. In both the cases, all the clinico-radiological findings were put together to establish the diagnosis. Both of them also showed significant response to the oral propranolol therapy. Due to the rarity and overlapping features of this syndrome, there is a high chance to overlook this diagnosis. A high index of suspicion and awareness about the features is needed to identify this condition and provide specific treatment.
Sebaceous horn: a rare entity
Authors: Easwern S. Vinayak , Hegde Mamta , Kumar Mohak
Published: March 2022

The sebaceous horns are often found on the skin surfaces that are usually exposed to the sunlight, like the face, scalp, or neck. These are raised skin lesions that are composed of dead keratin. They can be benign, premalignant or malignant. We are presenting an unusual case of seborrheic keratosis, a slow-growing horn-like mass of 3×2 cm, over the patient’s left ear pinna. Excision of the nodule was done, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis with significant rete ridges. As these sebaceous horns range from benign, premalignant, or malignant, it is better to excise the nodule completely and sent it for histological studies.
An unusual case of recurrent retropharyngeal abscess with incidental oesophageal fistula
Authors: Sahu Pankaj Kumar , Bothra Jitendra , Goyal Lovraj
Published: March 2022

Retropharyngeal abscesses are infrequent in adults but they can lead to potentially fatal complications. These abscesses can lead to respiratory distress or extend to the mediastinum, requiring early diagnosis and aggressive management. We report a case of recurrent retropharyngeal abscess which required two times surgical drainage. An incidental oesophageal fistula found during evaluation which required endoscopic clipping making this case unusual.
Management of proximal humerus fracture with plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Surapaneni Suresh Babu , Koneru Sunil Kumar , Edara Anvesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Proximal humerus fractures account for about 4 to 5% of all fractures. They are the third most common fractures in the elderly population after hip and distal radius fractures. Regarding the treatment of proximal humerus fractures, controversies still exist whether to do conservative or operative management. Various operative procedures are carried out. A recent trend in internal fixation has moved on to locking plates. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome and complication of proximal humerus fractures treated by Open Reduction Internal fixation using proximal humerus Interlocking plate.

A prospective study involving thirty patients who were above18yrs of age with proximal humerus fractures admitted to our institution were treated by open reduction, and internal fixation with locking plate were evaluated.

In this study, the majority of the patients were males, elderly aged, withslip and fall being the most frequent mode of Injury, resulting in 2 part and 3 partfractures of the proximal humerus. The fracture united in all and in an average of 14 weeks with excellent and satisfactory results in 28 cases (93.3%) by Neer’s criteria.

In conclusion, the fractures of the proximal third of humerus treated by open reduction internal fixation using PHILOS plating produced excellent to satisfactory outcomes and patient satisfaction, provided there is near normal anatomical reduction of the parts and physiotherapy regime was followed by the patient.
Muscle pedicle bone graft in ununited fracture neck of femur in children
Authors: Jee Govind Mohan , Kumar Nitin
Published: March 2022

Delayed presentation of fracture neck of femur is not uncommon in our scenario and is difficult to treat because of precarious vascularity and bony defect at fracture site.

The purpose of the present study is the analysis of functional outcome of the muscle pedicle bone graft porcedure in ununited fracture neck of femur in children and adolescents.

: Sixteen patients with ununited fracture neck of femur (presenting late) in children and adolescents were treated with quadratus femoris based muscle pedicle bone graft along with open reduction and internal fixation. Mean age of the patient was 14.25 year (range 12-16 years). Boys dominated our series (n= 10 i.e.62.50%). Road traffic accident was the leading cause. Average injury –surgery interval was 5.88 week (range 3-9 week). A minimum follow up was two years. There were 2 Transepiphyseal, 11 Transcervical and 3 Cervicotrochanteric fractures.

Most of the cases showed union in 16 to 24 weeks. In one case there was implant failure.

: The result was analysed using Harris Hip Score. We had 11 (68.75%) excellent, 2 (12.50%) Good, 2(12.50%) Fair and one (06.25%) Poor results in our series.

Quadratus femoris based Muscle pedicle bone with internal fixation is a very effective method to address the difficult problem of non-union fracture neck of femur. There was statistically significant association (p value <.005) between accuracy of reduction and functional outcome.
To evaluate the outcome of vacuum assisted closure in open fractures of tibia
Authors: Yadav Rohit , Mittal Vivek , Uppal Arjun , Kappor Rajat , Pal C. P. , Patel Jaydeep , Saini Sushil K
Published: March 2022

Despite numerous advances, compound fractures of long bones continues to be a challenge for the treating surgeon. Standard wound dressing required prolonged period, repeated debridement, trauma to granulation tissue and had poor patient compliance. Vacuum-assisted closure provides an extremely efficacious method for treating difficult wounds. This research aimed to study whether VAC gives better outcome in open fractures after primary intervention, whether it leads to faster and more effective wound healing and whether it leads to shorter length of stay in hospital.

An interventional study was conducted, studying 30 cases of open tibia fractures who were fitting in the inclusion criteria. It followed Gustillo- Anderson classification to classify cases and then mapped out various conclusions on the aim of study whilst also charting the effect of the treatment in different circumstances, demographics and like.

Amongst the 30 cases studied,all patients were evaluated clinically after the primary fixation and following VAC application, for an average period of follow up of 12 months. Majority of patients required 4-5 VAC dressings. The mean decrease in wound size was 9.97 cm [21.22%]. Out of 30 patients, 4 patients had excellent, 16 patients had good, 8 patients had fair and 2 patients had poor result.

In this study, 30 patients were included with open fractures of tibia after primary internal fixation with VAC application. The greatest advantage of VAC was found to facilitate rapid formation of granulation tissue on wounds with exposed tissue and implants hence shorten healing time and minimize secondary soft tissue defect coverage procedures. This technique has indeed resulted in the effective decrease in wound size, and decrease in hospital stay and given a better functional outcome.
Radiomorphometric indices as indicator in osteoporosis-A digital panaromic study
Authors: Pachipulusu Balaji , Govindraju Poornima , Muskan Jan Syeda
Published: March 2022

Osteopenia/ osteoporosis affect many elderly people and might not be detected until symptoms of fractures occur. Early detection of osteopenia/ osteoporosis is important and would allow preventive measures and treatment. Access to screening of osteoporosis is often limited, whereas panoramic radiography is widely used in dentistry. This highlights the role of the dentist in the early diagnosis of this disease. With this background the present study is intended to analyse the radiomorphometric indices of mandible using digital panoramic radiographs.

The study subject consisted of 300 panoramic radiographs of which 150 were males and 150 were females, in the age group of 21-70 years. The obtained data were statistically analysed.

GI and AI showed a downward trend with age. MI showed a decline in mean values from the age of 61 years only in females. PMI showed a sudden drop after the age of 40 years. C2 and C3 categories increased with age. Male patients demonstrated significantly higher measured values for GI, AI and MI than female patients. C3 cortical appearance was predominantly seen in females. GI, AI, MI and MCI were strongly influenced by dental status.

The mandibular cortical thickness was reduced in older females. Dentition had a significant effect on all indices, except PMI. This study showed that GI, AI, MI PMI and MCI are useful for identifying patients with low skeletal bone mineral densities or osteoporosis. Hence, it is advocated that oral physicians play an unique role in screening of patients for the evaluation of osteopenia.
Nasolabial morphologic transformations after lefort-1 osteotomy — A prospective study
Authors: Mullath Aswin , Joseph Benny , Vinod Aswathi , Faisal Mohammed , Abraham Tina
Published: March 2022

The present study was aimed to evaluate the morphologic changes of nose and lip after Lefort 1 osteotomy using clinical and cephalometric parameters

A prospective study to evaluate soft tissue changes after Lefort 1 osteotomy which includes 30 individuals of 18-35 years of age presented with dentofacial deformities. Our Study employs the measurement of nasolabial variables using Vernier caliper and lateral cephalograms. These values were recorded and tabulated under T (pre-operative) and T(6 months Post-operative). The final soft tissue changes were analyzed with paired t- test.

Our study revealed statistically highly significant (p<0.001) increase in Alar base width, Nasolabial angle, Nasal tip angle and statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in nasal tip protrusion.

Alar base widening is a definitive sequela after Lefort 1 osteotomy even after adopting techniques like alar base cinch suturing and V-Y closure. This warrants that further modifications or innovations are required for preventing these undesirable morphological changes.
An odontogenic keratocyst: Correlating histopathological and clinicoradiographic features avoids a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Patel Harmi , J Parikh Shilpa , S Shah Jigna
Published: March 2022

Odontogenic lesions are often seen as challenging diagnostic lesions. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst, characterized by unique and distinct histopathologic characteristics and an aggressive biologic behavior. Inflammatory changes in the cystic lining epithelium may result in diagnostic dilemma histologically. In Such cases one should consider clinicoradiographic features for better diagnosis. As such lesions has high recurrence rate it is necessary to perform a periodic radiographic monitoring. This article integrate the necessary clinical and radiographic findings required to address the odontogenic keratocyst.
Digital Technologies and Globalization: A Survey of Research and Policy Applications - Appendix
Authors: Chen Maggie , Volpe Martincus Christian
Published: March 2022

This document is an appendix to the Discussion Paper entitled “Digital Technologies and Globalization: A Survey of Research and Policy Applications”. It consists of a list of specific studies that examine how digital technologies are reshaping the incentives for and patterns of international trade, investment, and policymaking, including relevant information on the main variables, sample periods, and sources.
Mecanismo Independiente de Consulta e Investigación: informe anual 2021
Authors:   Mecanismo Independiente de Consulta e Investigación
Published: March 2022

2021 ha sido un año de grandes e importantes cambios para el MICI. A nuestro contexto general, marcado por un año más de la excepcionalidad del COVID y las consiguientes dificultades adicionales en la gestión de casos y el conjunto de actividades, se le sumó el relevo de parte de nuestro equipo. A partir de la evaluación de OVE, hemos puesto en marcha un plan de acción que nos permitirá avanzar en los próximos cinco años en el fortalecimiento del sistema de rendición de cuentas del Grupo BID y los resultados ambientales y sociales de los proyectos que financia. Respecto a los casos que hemos atendido, durante este año se normalizó el número de reclamos tras la caída registrada en el primer año de pandemia. En dos procesos de diálogo activos en Fase de Consulta se lograron acuerdos entre las comunidades afectadas, los responsables de los proyectos y el BID. Y en Fase de Verificación de la Observancia se completó una compleja investigación con aspectos innovadores para incidir más en la sustentabilidad de los proyectos del Grupo BID.
Nonsense as a Literary Device in Dr. Seuss’ “If I Ran the Zoo”
Authors: Koltysheva Elena Y. , Novik Evgenia V.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается нонсенс, который традиционно считается отличительной чертой, присущей английской литературе, однако его элементы встречаются и в литературе других стран. Исследователи разграничивают нонсенс как прием и нонсенс как жанр. В данной статье нонсенс рассматривается именно как прием, который является одной из характеристик нонсенса как жанра. В качестве материала для анализа выбрано произведение «If I Ran the Zoo» популярного американского детского писателя Теодора Гайсела, более известного читателю под псевдонимом Доктор Сьюз. В связи с тем, что он изучал литературу в Оксфорде, его считают наследником английской традиции нонсенса и последователем творчества английского детского писателя Роальда Даля. Доктор Сьюз считал нонсенс и фантазию необходимыми составляющими жизни не только детей, но и взрослых. В работе приводится теоретическая база нонсенса и приемов, на основе которых строится нонсенс, а также представлен анализ нонсенса как приема на всех языковых уровнях, к которым обращается писатель: на фонетическом, лексическом, семантическом, синтаксическом и графическом. В ходе анализа выясняется, что нонсенс строится на приемах языковой игры, однако выбор тех или иных приемов определяется главным образом основной целевой аудиторией: поскольку Доктор Сьюз писал прежде всего для детей, в произведении нонсенс несколько упрощается.
Information and communication technologies in the interaction of authorities and public organizations
Authors: Golovin Yury A. , Dan-Chin-Yu Elena Yu.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses information and communication technologies in the interaction of authorities and public organizations. Civic engagement is a key indicator that characterizes civil society in interaction with the authorities. NGO support resource centers are the regulator of interaction between civil society and government. The paper defines the level of development of network resources, with the help of which the Internet promotion of NGOs is carried out. The main activities of the Resource Center are considered. The degree of confidence of residents of the Yaroslavl region in the activities of NGOs is given according to a survey conducted by teachers of the Department of Socio-Political Theories of P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University and employees of the Resource Center for Support of NGOs and Civil Initiatives. The effectiveness of interaction with citizens through social networks, messengers and other means of electronic communication in the areas and topics of the Center's activities has been established. A number of factors influencing the choice of forms of expression of civic activity in the Network have been identified. Contradictory facts have been identified and explained in the analysis of civic activity in the network based on the results of the survey. The tendency of expanding the information and communication space of interaction between public authorities and public organizations is revealed. The results of a survey of citizens of the Yaroslavl region on the issue of information and communication interaction between regional authorities and public organizations are presented. The directions of activity of the structure created in 2020, the Regional Management Center of the Yaroslavl region are outlined.
Global ecological and economic policy: strategic management in the conditions of economic transformation
Authors: Fridman Mikhail F.
Published: March 2022

This article is devoted to the most important issue of achieving an innovative breakthrough in the context of the transformation of the economic environment against the background of the formation of the information society in the context of the deployment of the sixth technological order. Humanity, which is entering a completely new era, characterized by a fundamentally different system of social relations, values and meanings, is forced today to give priority to the search for solutions to global problems. The transition to a multipolar world model aggravates the competition of developed countries, on the one hand, and weakens the role of developing countries, making them dependent, subordinate. At the same time, the role of the state in the life of society is significantly reduced. Globalization abolishes borders, eliminates inequalities, and at the same time deprives entire peoples of their national, cultural, and linguistic identity, and erases historical memory. Today, the world is divided into globalists and anti-globalists, but civilization still faces the need to move to sustainable development, which requires an innovative breakthrough not only on the scale of individual countries, but also on a broader, planetary scale. The proposed article is an attempt to answer the question of whose forces this innovative breakthrough should be achieved. It deals with the problem of developing a new theoretical and methodological basis for staffing an innovative breakthrough in the context of the deployment of the sixth technological order against the background of the greening of public and, in particular, economic relations.
The "third generation" of constructivism: what's new?
Authors: Alekseeva Tatyana A.
Published: March 2022

Constructivism as a political theory since its start was quite pluralistic, being united by the chief idea - all the main aspects of international relations are socially constructed. That is why it is generally regarded to be a kind of “bridge” between the IT and social theory as such. The «generational» differences enrich the multitude of approaches. Nowadays already, the third generation of the constructivist theoreticians are at work. The constructivism had entered the scene at the time of the “Third Great debates”, or epistemological contradictions between the proponents of explanation, positivism and rationalism - from one side; and understanding (interpretivist attitude), from the other. However, the first generation had just marked the main attitudes, they were not precise enough to make them a science. They preferred to contemplate about the international problems, instead of analyze them. At the time of the second generation, constructivism was being recognized as a real alternative to political realism and liberalism as the most important theories of international relations and literally occupied the place, belonging before that to Marxism. At the time, the process of the «sciencefication» of constructivism took place. The third generation has brought something new and simultaneously has returned to some of the ideas, methods and theses of the first generation - back to social interactionism, discursive analyses, theories of communication, etc. The special attention it gives to the conditions and context.
Electromagnetic Forces Effects of MHD Micropump on the Blood Movement
Authors: Merdj Fatima , Drid Said
Published: March 2022

The magnetohydrodynamic pump is an attractive solution, in particular for biomedical applications. In an MHD pump, an electromagnetic force is created by the applied magnetic field, which causes the fluid movement. The main advantage of the MHD pump is there are no mobile (mechanical) parts and it can place directly on veins. The present paper deals with the blood behaviour in the MHD micropump. A neodymium permanent magnet is used for applying a magnetic field to the channel in the MHD micropump. The numerical study examines the influence of the channel dimensions, the flux magnetic density and the electrode potentials on the blood velocity. This micropump can be easily controlled by a low voltage source. The numerical simulation analysis for the adopted model was implemented in order to verify the micropump operation. The magnetic and electrical fields have a strong influence on blood velocity in the MHD micropump. Finite element modelling software was used for this process. The second objective of this work is the possibility to exploit the properties of this pump in hemodialysis to pump blood and cleaning fluid.
Heart Disease Detection Based on Feature Fusion Technique with Augmented Classification Using Deep Learning Technology
Authors: Saikumar Kayam , Rajesh Vullanki , Babu Bulepe Sankara
Published: March 2022

An accurate prediction of cardiac disease is a crucial task for medical and research organizations. Cardiac patients are usually facing heart attacks sometimes tends to death. Therefore, a prior stage of heart diagnosis is compulsory, so that model of optimal Deep learning technology is prosperous for the healthcare sector. The earlier models related to this research work are outdated, some applications cannot provide efficient outcomes. The available conventional models like the Genetic algorithm (GA), PSO (particle swarm optimization), RFO (Random Forest optimization), X-boosting. KNN and many available technologies are only dispensing abnormality information but they are not providing location, depth, and affected area dimensions. Moreover, earlier models only supported fixed scanning in radiology not supporting cloud-level deployment. The sensitivity and robustness of diagnosis are very low therefore a DCAlexNet CNN deep learning technology is needed. The deep learning-based classification is performed through the DCAlexNet CNN (convolutional Neural networks) technique. The implementing application is loading training samples from Kaggle or ANDI dataset. The uploaded image samples are pre-processed through resolution, intensity, and brightness adjustment in the python NumPy tool. The. CSV file (text file) is processed through clustering as well as dimensionality adjusting technique. The processed images are segmented through RRF (Restrictive Random Field) technology. The segmentation on images provides features that are loaded in the local server after that saved into CNN memory. Now the .csv file and trained features are applied to DCAlexNet CNN deep learning architecture. The training processing can give information about diseases in the heart and dimensionality of the affected area (depth and location). Now the application is waiting for real-time samples which is nothing but testing, in this testing part locally available affected and healthy heart ultrasound images are given to DCAlexNet CNN. The designed application can easily be identified whether the uploaded image has abnormality or not. The test-based and image-oriented feature fusion can help the application detect heart abnormalities in an easy way. To this feature fusion-based DCAlexNet CNN confusion matrix generates performance measures like accuracy 98.67%, sensitivity 97.45%, Recall 99.34%, and F1 Score 99.34%, these numerical comparison results compete with present technology and outperformance application robustness.
An Improved Saliency Detection Algorithm Based on Edge Boxes and Bayesian Model
Authors: Feng Lei , Li Haibin , Cheng Defang , Zhang Wenming , Xiao Cunjun
Published: March 2022

Visual saliency detection aims to extract salient objects from the original image, making it less complicated to process the image. This paper combines an edge box algorithm with Bayesian theory to detect salient objects. The proposed saliency detection algorithm transforms the process of traditional detection method, and prioritizes the positioning of significant objects. Firstly, the Harris corners of the original image were calculated, and clustered by the improved clustering algorithm, yielding the number of salient objects in the image. Then, all possible positions of salient objects in the image were framed by the edge box algorithm, and the boxes were sorted in descending order of the score. According to the number N of clusters of the image corners, the N top-ranking boxes were selected to determine the salient regions. In this way, the position and number of salient objects were clarified. Based on the selected salient regions, the final saliency map was calculated by improved geodesic distance and Bayesian model. Experimental results show that our approach performed better than 11 existing algorithms in both simple and relatively complex scenes. In terms of objective performance, the accuracy and recall of our algorithm on MSRA10k, ECSSD, DUT-OMRON and SED2 datasets were higher than that of the other algorithms.