bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengujian Kinerja Pendinginan Thermo Electic Cooling ( TEC) Menggunakan Heatsink Dengan Variasi Dimensi dan Jenis Material
Authors: Akbar Muhammad , Rizal Teuku Azuar , Syntia Rita
Published: March 2022

A thermoelectric generator is an electrical generator device that converts heat energy into electricity directly based on the Seebeck effect method, namely if two different metals are connected at one end, then given a different temperature at the connection, there will be a voltage difference at the other end. with the other end, this study uses peltier tec-12706, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the temperature difference between the cold side and the hot side of the varied heatsink/fin designs. This thermoelectric component is coated by a thin ceramic that contains a bismuth telluride rod inside. When in supply the dc voltage is 12volt-15volt and the current is 2-5a. The cooling box material is covered with styrofoam, with a heat sink in the form of a heat sink fan. Variations are made on the amount of thermoelectric used. Data retrieval is done by installing a voltmeter, ammeter and thermocouple in a predetermined position then each measuring instrument will display the data. The data is then processed using the Microsoft Excel program which can produce graphs. With the form of a graph, discussion and conclusion can be done easily
Possible etiological factors related with fatty liver diseases other than alcohol
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Verma Ramtej J
Published: March 2022

Non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an ailment that is associated with various causative factors other than alcohol consumption. It affects a substantial number of individuals both young and old irrespective of sex around the globe and its incidence is increasing/rises globally. The data was collected by searching various websites, consulting reports and analysed the data with respect to possible causative factors related to NAFLD in humans. The data available indicated that several factors such as drug addiction/abuse, unhealthy dietary practices, lifestyle habits, diabetic, metabolic disorders, obesity, sedentary lifestyles etc. might be related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disorders in human or exaggerate the NAFLD. Thus, there is a necessity to prevent exposure to such chemicals and/or factors to reduce or prevent this disease and there is also a necessity for an awareness program about the causative factors of NAFLD among the community which could be useful in prevention/control of the ailment. Further, some sort of regular physical exercise, activity and excess weight loss might be useful to check/ control the occurrence/ progression of NAFLD. NAFLD can be prevented/ reduced/ stopped by adaptation of healthy lifestyles in day-to-day life, regular exercise to reduce the weight, and adoption of these in life may be useful in management/ control of disease. Keywords: Fatty liver disease; Non-alcoholic liver disease; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Cirrhosis; Metabolic disorders.
Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of electrolyte effervescent tablet
Authors: Tripathi Arpan Kumar , Vaishnav Yogesh , sonker Isha , Ahirwar Khemkaran , Pandey Ashish Kumar , Verma Shekhar
Published: March 2022

Effervescence is the formation of gas bubbles from a liquid as a result of a chemical reaction. Effervescent tablets have special properties for medicinal use, allowing for fast absorption of the required drug. If a drug dissolves quickly in water and is present in a suitable amount, it can be absorbed rapidly and effectively in this way. Acids used in effervescent processes include citric, malic, tartaric, adipic, and fumaric acids. Citric acid is the most often utilized acid for this purpose, and it gives the products a citrus flavor. Tartaric, adipic, and fumaric acids are commonly implemented in small doses due to their low water solubility. Electrolytes Effervescent tablets are used to make dosing easier, assure optimal compatibility, increase a patient's liquid intake, and avoid swallowing large tablets. Keywords: Effervescent, Tablets, Electrolytes, Effervescent system.
Propofol-an alternative to sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion in children
Authors: Pradhan Amit , Pattnaik Ayesha , Jayasingh Sarat C , Routray Sidharth S , Barpanda Abhishek
Published: March 2022

Supraglottic devices like laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is used in children for anesthesia as it induces least hemodynamic stress response. We have carried out this trial to measure the potency of induction agents like propofol with sevoflurane for conditions of LMA placement in pediatric surgery. 60 children were included in our study and were split into two groups. Children in group S were induced with sevoflurane 8vol%. Children in group P were induced with propofol at 3 mg/kg IV. Proper size of LMA was inserted. Induction time, insertion time, LMA placement conditions and hemodynamic abnormalities were assessed. Induction time was shorter with group P contrary to S group. (p<0>0.05) There was no remarkable difference in various LMA insertion conditions and LMA insertion score in both groups. Hemodynamic changes were comparable in group S and P. Propofol and sevoflurane revealed equivalent and suitable LMA placement settings. So propofol may be a good substitute to sevoflurane for placement of LMA in children in a recourse limited setting. Keywords: Sevoflurane, Propofol, Laryngeal mask airway, Children.
Gestegen grondstofprijzen en contracten: wie betaalt de rekening?
Authors: den Hartog J. , Lankhaar A.Z.
Published: March 2022

Gestegen grondstofprijzen en contracten: wie betaalt de rekening?

Het afgelopen jaar kenmerkt zich door hevige prijsstijgingen van grondstoffen en (bouw)materialen. In deze bijdrage gaan wij in op de vraag in hoeverre partijen in tijden van prijsstijgingen gebonden kunnen blijven aan prijsafspraken of prijswijzigingsbedingen. Daarbij wordt stilgestaan bij de mogelijkheden om op grond van onvoorziene omstandigheden of kostenverhogende omstandigheden deze afspraken te omzeilen. Hoewel dit in voorkomende gevallen denkbaar is, zal op de partij die hierop een beroep doet een zware stelplicht en bewijslast rusten. Zoals vaker is voorkomen beter dan genezen en kunnen partijen beter vooraf duidelijke afspraken maken hoe om te gaan met prijsstijgingen.
Dangerous Puppies: A Heartbreaking Choice
Authors: Edwards Chelsea
Published: March 2022

A deeply personal case history of a litter of puppies from a stressed, abandoned Catahoula. Signs of significant, unusual aggression were present from very soon after birth in all the puppies, despite their mother being social and affiliative. After several weeks of interventions with no improvements, and a very limited pool of resources to draw from, the rescue was faced with an almost unthinkable decision.
Analiza i ocena regulacji uszczelniających w zakresie podatku od towarów i usług wdrożonych na przestrzeni ostatnich lat
Authors: Szymczyk Przemysław , Szymański Waldemar
Published: March 2022

W artykule dokonano analizy efektywności fiskalnej podatku od towarów i usług na tle rozwiązań uszczelniających wprowadzonych w ostatnich latach. Podatek ten nie tylko stanowi najistotniejsze źródło dochodów budżetu państwa, ale jest też daniną najbardziej narażoną na działania związane z unikaniem lub uchylaniem się od opodatkowania. Po zidentyfikowaniu czynników determinujących wydajność fiskalną, w tym właściwości podatku VAT, omówiono zmiany uszczelniające w zakresie przepisów ustawy o podatku od towarów i usług, takie jak: klauzula ogólna nadużycia prawa, pakiet paliwowy, zmiany dotyczące mechanizmu odwróconego obciążenia, ograniczenie uprawnień do szybszego zwrotu podatku, wprowadzenie systemu STIR, ustanowienia mechanizmu podzielonej płatności, kasy online czy centralna baza podatników VAT. W części analitycznej artykułu została przeprowadzona ocena wpływu wprowadzonych rozwiązań na wzrost dochodów państwowych z tytułu tego podatku. Analizy dokonano z uwzględnieniem: budżetowej roli podatku od towarów i usług, zmienności wpływów podatkowych w zależności od fluktuacji PKB, zmian w luce podatkowej z tytułu VAT, fluktuacji luki podatkowej w zależności od PKB, zmienności bazy podatkowej w podatku VAT jako jej udziału w PKB, znaczenia wprowadzonych zmian legislacyjnych dla efektywności organów administracji skarbowej w zakresie egzekucji zaległości fiskalnych, wpływu zastosowanych rozwiązań na koszty podatkowe organów fiskalnych, korelacji działań uszczelniających i wpływów podatkowych z tytułu VAT, jak również znaczenia informatyzacji rozliczeń podatkowych dla kosztów obliczenia i poboru podatku. Przeprowadzona analiza doprowadziła do wniosku, że działania uszczelniające wdrożone w ostatnich latach nie stanowiły wyłącznej przyczyny zwiększonych wpływów budżetowych w zakresie podatku VAT. Jako pozostałe, istotne przyczyny należy wskazać w szczególności zmiany w strukturze bazy podatkowej oraz ogólną poprawę koniunktury gospodarczej.
A new surgical approach for aorta-right atrial tunnel with right coronary artery orifice
Authors: Ulular Ömer , Bolat Bülent , Gülcan Öner
Published: March 2022

Aorta-right atrial tunnel is a rarely seen congenital anomaly with an unknown etiopathology. Due to its life-threatening complications, it must be treated either surgically or by transcatheterization technique as soon as possible. Planning the treatment strategy considering the relation between the aorta-right atrial tunnel and coronary arteries is of utmost importance. Herein, we report a young case of a right coronary artery ostium originating from the proximal part of aorta-right atrial tunnel and her successful treatment with a new surgical technique using a pericardial patch.
The role of potassium channels on vasorelaxant effects of elabela in rat thoracic aorta
Authors: Şahintürk Serdar , İşbil Naciye
Published: March 2022

Background:This study aims to investigate the roles of potassium channel subtypes in the vasorelaxant effect mechanism of elabela, which is a recently discovered endogenous apelin receptor ligand.

Methods:The vascular rings (4-mm) obtained from the thoracic aortas of 20 male Wistar Albino rats were placed into the isolated tissue bath system. The resting tension was set to 1 g. The aortic rings were contracted with 10-5 molar phenylephrine after the equilibration period (90 min). Elabela was applied cumulatively (10-10-10-6 molar) to the aortic rings in the plateau phase. The experimental protocol was repeated in the presence of specific potassium channel subtype inhibitors to determine the role of potassium channels in the vasorelaxant effect mechanism of elabela.

Results:Elabela induced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation (p<0.001). The maximum relaxation level was approximately 51% according to phenylephrineinduced contraction. Vasorelaxant effect level of elabela statistically significantly decreased after removal of the endothelium (p<0.05). Tetraethylammonium (1 milimolar), 4-Aminopyridine (1 milimolar), glyburide (10 micromolar), and barium chloride (30 micromolar) statistically significantly decreased the vasorelaxant effect level of elabela (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.01, and p<0.05 respectively). However, anandamide (10 micromolar) and apamin (100 nanomolar) did not statistically significantly change the vasorelaxant effect level of elabela.

Conclusion:Our results suggest that large-conductance calciumactivated, voltage-gated, adenosine triphosphate-sensitive, and inward-rectifier potassium channels are involved in the vasorelaxant effect mechanism of elabela in the rat thoracic aorta.
Analysis of Failure Causes of 0Cr19Ni9 Blade Crack
Authors: LI Xiaopeng , HAN Renheng , XIE Youshui , LI Yan , GAO Yalong , WANG Xiaoming , ZHU Qiuju , ZHANG Hexin , ZHAO Chengzhi
Published: March 2022

In this paper, fracture morphology observation, microstructure analysis, standard corrosion test, and other experimental methods are used to analyze the causes of corrosion and cracking of steam turbine blades (0Cr19Ni9) produced by a certain company. The results showed that cracks appeared during the operation of the blade. A large number of dimples were observed under the scanning electron microscope, almost all of which were shear dimples; at the same time, fatigue bands were also distributed in them. The internal cause of the cracks is the long-term service, which causes the carbon and the alloy to undergo a diffusion reaction to form carbon-rich areas and carbides. They are thermally corroded in the service environment, and the carbon-rich zone is reduced, which reduces the strength of the zone; carbides accumulate at the grain boundary, causing groove-shaped defects at the grain boundary to form a cutting effect. It is easy to form a source of fatigue cracks. The external cause is that the material is subjected to transverse stress for a long time during operation, which leads to the generation of cracks. This article analyzes the failure causes of the blade and proposes related solutions, which have important reference value for production practice.
A Short Overview of Behcet’s Disease
Authors: Shunmugavelu Karthik , Cynthia Dhinakaran Evangeline
Published: March 2022

Behçet’s disease is a chronic, relapsing-remitting, occlusive vasculitis affecting multiple organ system. Greek physician Adamantiades had reported the disease as a classic trisymptom complex of hypopyon, iritis, and orogenital aphthosis. Behçet’s disease has an undulating course of exacerbations and remissions, and appears to be more severe in young, male, and Middle Eastern or Far Eastern patients. This article describes in brief Behçet’s disease in a new perspective.
Tumor-Derived Exosome and Immune Modulation
Authors: S. Chauhan Deepak , Mudaliar Priyanka , Basu Soumya , Aich Jyotirmoi , K. Paul Manash
Published: March 2022

Tumor cells, like most other cells, release exosomes called tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) and are vital for intercellular communication. TEX are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing unique cargo reminiscent of the parent tumor cells and possess immunomodulatory functions. TEX carries factors that directly promote immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and indirectly attract immunosuppressive T-regulatory (Treg) cells. The tumor-secreted exosomes can transfer their cargo by multiple mechanisms like fusion, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis, activating the recipient cells. TEX directly engages and releases cytokines, inactivating natural killer (NK) cells and T-cells and activating apoptosis. Tumor-derived exosomes also release soluble factors to suppress dendritic cell (DC) maturation while activating the expansion of immune-suppressive cells like Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Regulatory T (Treg) cells. Several studies have shown the relevance of TEX containing tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in reducing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and adoptive cell therapy. Hence understanding the basic biology and mechanism of TEX-mediated immunosuppression is critical in discovering cancer biomarkers and finding better immunotherapy and cell therapy approaches. In this chapter, we have discussed TEX biogenesis, TEX’s structural and molecular features, TEX-mediated immunosuppression, and its relation to immunotherapy.
Myasthenia Gravis: A Rare Neurologic Complication of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Shames, MS, ACNP-BC, CNRN, CTNL Yelena , Errante, MS, ANP-C, OCN Mimma , Prempeh Keteku, MS, ANP-BC Nana
Published: March 2022

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, which is characterized by the production of autoimmune antibodies to acetylcholine or muscle-specific kinase receptors, causing an error in transmission of nerve impulses to various muscles. The hallmark of myasthenia gravis is “grave or serious” fluctuating muscle weakness. Ocular, respiratory, bulbar, and skeletal muscles are most commonly affected; therefore, patients often present with fatigable ptosis, blurry vision, diplopia, change in facial expression, dysphagia, dysarthria, dyspnea, and limb weakness. Many medications, including fluroquinolone, aminoglycoside, magnesium sulfate, quinidine, and select beta blockers, are known to unmask or exacerbate symptoms of myasthenia gravis. Although the pathogenesis is not entirely understood, T lymphocytes are thought to play a role by blocking the acetylcholine receptors and causing antibody production. In the era of new immune-modulating therapies emerging for treatment of different cancers, their role in inducing a proinflammatory state has become apparent, thus highlighting a clear need to increase awareness about their role in inducing myasthenia gravis or myasthenia-like symptoms.
Design of input parameters and operating characteristics for multi-mode ion thruster
Authors: Li Jian-Peng , Jin Wu-Yin , Zhao Yi-De ,   School of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China,   Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: March 2022

In view of the requirements for the application of electric propulsion system to China's asteroid deep space exploration mission, the relationship between input parameters and output characteristics of the thruster is established based on the basic plasma theory, and the input parameters such as screen grid voltage, beam current, anode current, acceleration voltage and propellent flow rate at each operating point are designed. The operating characteristics of the thruster are studied experimentally and theoretically. The test results show that under the design input parameter values, the maximum error of thrust is less than 3% and the maximum error of specific impulse is less than 4% at 23 operating points, the ion thruster can operate steadily in an input power range of 289–3106 W, thrust range of 9.7–117 mN, specific impulse range of 1220–3517 s, and efficiency range of 23.4%–67.8%. The electron backstreaming limited voltage decreases monotonically with thrust increasing and its minimum and maximum thrust value are 79.5 V and –137 V, respectively. The discharge loss decreases from 359.7 to 210 W/A as the power increases, and there is an adjusted turning at the input power 886 W, the efficiency increases with power increasing and after 1700 W the efficiency growth rate slows down and stabilizes. The optimum operating interval should be selected in practical on-orbit application. Controlling these parameters reasonably can improve thruster performance and lifetime. A 300-h wear test shows that the thruster works stably and the performance indicators meet the design requirements of ±3% uncertainty.
Tackling variants with antibodies
Authors: Aitken Elizabeth H , Rogerson Stephen J
Published: March 2022

Antibodies targeting the protein that causes placental malaria can recognise multiple variants of the protein, which may help guide the development of new vaccines to protect pregnant women from malaria.
Pueblos, naturaleza y cultura en la Constitución brasileña de 1988: el avance tímido y el retroceso descarado del siglo XXI
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Paraná, Brasil (PUC-PR)., Marés de Souza Filho Carlos Frederico
Published: March 2022

En 1985, Brasil salía de un periodo de 21 años de dictadura y abría un proceso constituyente para lograr una redemocratización. La Constitución de 1988 fue nombrada como «ciudadana» porque reforzó los derechos civiles e introdujo derechos colectivos de pueblos indígenas y otros pueblos tradicionales, derechos colectivos sobre el medio ambiente y la cultura, además de derechos a la vivienda, a la salud, a la educación y de los consumidores. No fue fácil la implementación de esos derechos y el presente trabajo analiza la aplicación de los derechos de los pueblos y de la naturaleza, dividiéndolos en tres periodos particulares. El primero, desde la promulgación de la Constitución, en 1988, hasta la elección de Lula da Silva y su posesión en 2003; periodo marcado por la aplicación de políticas neoliberales en contraposición con las normas constitucionales colectivas. El segundo periodo, representado por los gobiernos de Lula y de Dilma Rousseff, del 2003 hasta el 2016, cuando la presidenta es alejada para que asuma su vicepresidente; periodo marcado por un desarrollismo contradictorio con los derechos colectivos. El tercer periodo, a partir del 2016, caracterizado por la intención de destruir la Constitución.
An Evaluation of Reincarnation in Hinduism and Avicenna's Understanding of Reincarnation
Authors: EŞMELİ İsmet , MUTLUEL Osman
Published: March 2022

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca insanlar, bu dünya ile ilgilendiği kadar bu dünyayla bağlantılı gördüğü sonrasıyla da ilgilenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ölüm ve sonrası, hem dini hem felsefi açıdan üzerinde fikir üretilen bir husus olmuştur. Ayrıca,
dünya tarihinde bizzat insanın mahiyeti başlı başına önemli bir husus olarak anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. İnsanın mahiyeti hakkında dinin ortaya koyduğu hususlar olduğu gibi filozofların da beyan ettiği fikirler olmuştur. İnsanın
ruh ve bedenden oluştuğu genel bir kabuldür. İnsanın beden boyutundan daha ziyade ruh boyutunun mahiyetinin net olarak bilenemediği bir vakıadır. Aynı zamanda mahiyetinin birbirinden farklı olduğu düşünülen ruh ile beden ilişkisi,
insanlığın tarih boyunca ilgilendiği bir konu olmuştur. Hinduizm’de, Hinduizm’in insan anlayışı ve bu anlayışla yakından ilişkili olan zaman anlayışı bu dünyadaki insanın maddi boyutu ile manevi boyutu arasındaki ilişkinin devamı
bir bakıma tenasüh inancı vasıtasıyla açıklanmaktadır. Hinduizm’in inanç sistemi birbiriyle iç içe geçmiş inançlarla oluşmuştur. Hinduizm’de Tenasüh inancıyla bağlantılı olan başka inançları vardır. Bunlar arasında Hinduizm benimsenen
karma, ruh, zaman, kurtuluş, insan, dünya, varlık gibi anlayışlar doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak tenasüh anlayışı ile bağlantılıdır. Hinduizm’deki tenasüh inancının kutsal metin anlayış ve çeşitliliğine bağlı olarak ilk dönemlerden
günümüze kadar geçen zamanda farklı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu açıdan Hinduzim’in tenasüh inancının mahiyeti dönemsel olarak oluşan kutsal metin pasajlarına göre oluşmuştur. İslam filozofları tarafından da farklı saiklerle ruh-beden
ve bu dünya ve sonrası ile ilgili fikirler geliştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, İslam filozoflarının tenasüh üzerine görüş belirtmeleri, Platon’da tenasüh fikrinin bulunması sebebiyle ortaya çıktığı kabul edilebilir. Genel olarak İslam
filozofları tenasüh inancı hakkında net bir şekilde bir düşünce belirtmemiş olmakla birlikte bazı İslam filozoflarının Hinduizm’deki ile aynı mahiyette olmasa da tenasüh hakkında kendi düşüncesini ortaya koyduğu bilinmektedir.
Bu anlamda, Hinduizm’deki tenasüh inancı ile İbn Sina’nın tenasüh düşüncesi karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınıp değerlendirilmiştir.
The Concept of Cultural World and Religious Education
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Muhammed Muhdi
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada beşerî bir faaliyet olarak doğal bir dünyada oluşturulan bir gerçeklik olan kültür dünyasının oluşumunda din eğitiminin rolü ele alınmıştır. Kişi kültür dünyası ile çevresini anlamlandırma, yorumlama ve nihayetinde kültürün
kendisinin inşa edilme sürecine aktif olarak katılma imkânına sahip olmaktadır. Aşkın bir özelliğe sahip olan din ve kültürel unsurlardan hangilerinin yetişen nesle aktarılması gerektiğini tayin eden eğitim, kişinin kültür dünyasının
oluşumunda doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkili olmaktadır. Din farklı motiflerle etkilediği kültürde anlam kazanarak kişinin kültür dünyasının oluşumunda rol oynamaktadır. Bir kültürleme/kültürlenme faaliyeti olarak eğitim de kişinin
varlık dünyasında bulunan kültürü, kendisi için anlamlı hale getirerek kültür dünyasının inşasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bir eğitim faaliyeti olarak dinin eğitimini konu edinen din eğitimi, bir yandan kişinin mensup olduğu toplumun
kültürü üzerinde etkili olan dine ilişkin bilinçlendirme sağlayarak diğer yandan da dinin anlam bulduğu kültürü konu edinerek kişinin kültür dünyasının zenginleşmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu da hem dinin anlaşılmasına hem de kişinin
mensup olduğu kültürüyle barışık bir şekilde yaşamasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla din eğitimi faaliyetleri ile zenginleştirilmiş bir kültür dünyasına sahip olan kişi küreselleşen dünyada mensup olduğu kültürü eleştirel
bir gözle değerlendirme, sorgulama, benimseme, anlama ve nihayetinde geliştirme yeterliliğine sahip olabilmektedir. Ayrıca mezkûr faaliyetlerle beslenilen kültür dünyası ile yapısı gereği sürekli olarak yeniden değerlendirme ihtiyacı
duyan din ve kültürün yaşanılan dönemde doğru ve sağlıklı bir şekilde yorumlanmasına imkân sağlanmış olunur. Son olarak şunun da belirtilmesi gerekir ki bu çalışma din eğitiminin kültür dünyasının oluşumuna olan katkısını ortaya
koymayı gaye edinmektedir. Söz konusu gayeye ulaşmak için ilgili alanda var olan yazılı eserler yazılı dokümanların incelemesi yöntemi ile okunmuştur. Okumalar sonucu elde edilen veriler, kavramsal düzlemde ve analitik bir tarzda
yeniden yorumlanmıştır.
A Case Report on Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in a Patient with Churg Strauss Syndrome
Authors: Issar Neel Kanth , Amarapalli Jayachandra , Sharma Prabhat , Prasad Ajay Shankar , Pachehra Narendra
Published: March 2022

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is a rare but of one the important causes of sudden cardiac arrest and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). It is complex and often under diagnosed. It has multifactorial aetiologies. It is predominantly seen in young women presenting with ACS, with no pre-existing history of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and is commonly diagnosed via coronary angiography. It may be associated with autoimmune disease, connective tissue disorder, collagen vascular disease, Marfan syndrome, intense physical exercise and during peripartum period. The various treatment modalities for SCAD are conservative medical treatment, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), and surgery. Here, authors describe a case of 33-year-old women who presented with ACS, with no pre-existing history of CAD. Patient responded well with medical management. This condition has grave prognosis if not detected and treated promptly. So it is very important to keep SCAD as differential diagnosis in ACS among young patients.
Evaluation of Using Game Education Basic Virtual Reality to Learning Geometry in the Mathematic Education Program Study
Authors: Rahmawati Noviana Dini , Buchori Achmad , Wibisono Arif , ndar Suna
Published: March 2022

The state of the e - learning environment presently is in such instantaneous growth that each of the signs is that learners are engaged enjoying games in between courses, thus It causes concern when instructors In lessons tailored to the contemporary generation, emphasize the benefits of gaming. The purpose of this study seems to be to determine whether or not the development of game-based learning centered on VR (Virtual Reality) in understanding geometry is practical (possible) at colleges. In the research, the ADDIE R&D model is applied (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). We could first propose adjustments to the ADDIE proposed methodology, which consists of configuration, advancement, and transmission, in the sequential phases of the needs assessment with university students after the configuration of the e - learning environment, and then continue with the verification of material specialists with a mean score of 85% and medium experts with a mean score of 82.70 %, indicating whereas the medium is adequate for use. Therefore a restricted test was run by the findings of the mean amount of the experimental class x1 = 82,851 and the mean of control class x2 = 70,04 and then t count > t table is revealed 0,2001 > 0,1647, it is indicating that there are variations in learner accomplishment comparing the control and experimental classrooms., so in the second years implementation product game education based VR, get more student in sultan agung islamic university get 90% student very anthusiastic to learning geometry with game education based VR.
Patterns of treatment in older patients with newly diagnosed advanced bladder cancer: A SEER dataset analysis
Authors: Kessler Elizabeth R. , Schmiege Sarah J. , Eguchi Megan , Singh Sarguni , Fischer Stacy M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Bladder cancer is one of the top 10 cancers diagnosed in Americans with a median age of 73. This is the patient population that tends to be older with multiple medical conditions, and previously described variability in treatment in the earlier stages of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the first‐line therapeutic choices for older adults newly diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer. In addition, this work evaluated predictors of response as well as the role of events of functional importance in relation to treatment assignment.

Methods

A population‐based cohort study was conducted using the SEER‐Medicare database of patients with advanced stage bladder cancer not eligible for curative intent therapy between 2010 and 2013. Patient groups of interest were compared via univariate and multivariate associations. Additionally, a latent class analysis was applied to identify classes with similar features in reference to events of functional importance—events linked to the maintenance or improvement of physical function status.

Results

Within the sample, we noted that a minority of patients received a standard cisplatin‐containing regimen (14.77%) and a majority did not receive any chemotherapy (59.69%). Most patients were over age 75. The adjusted odds ratio of no chemo versus cisplatin in patients aged 76 and older compared to patients 66–75 was 6.61 (4.79–9.13; p < 0.0001). We applied latent class analysis methods to the dataset, and three classes demonstrated very low and moderate levels of functional events in the 12 months prior to a person's first outpatient visit for advanced bladder cancer care.

Conclusions

Patients with new diagnosis of advanced bladder cancer largely do not receive the recommended first‐line systemic therapy of cisplatin chemotherapy, and a significant majority does not receive any treatment. When evaluating the association between class assignment and predictors of chemotherapy use, such as comorbidity and age, patients with “low usage overall” were more likely to receive chemotherapy. Yet even patients who received chemotherapy had some events of functional importance.
Advanced Biomaterials for Cell‐Specific Modulation and Restore of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ruan Shaobo , Huang Yuanyu , He Mei , Gao Huile
Published: March 2022

The past decade has witnessed the explosive development of cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, low immunogenicity, limited specificity, poor delivery efficiency, and off‐target side effects remain to be the major limitations for broad implementation of cancer immunotherapies to patient bedside. Encouragingly, advanced biomaterials offering cell‐specific modulation of immunological cues bring new solutions for improving the therapeutic efficacy while relieving side effect risks. In this review, focus is given on how functional biomaterials can enable cell‐specific modulation of cancer immunotherapy within the cancer‐immune cycle, with particular emphasis on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), T cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME)‐resident cells. By reviewing the current progress in biomaterial‐based cancer immunotherapy, here the aim is to provide a better understanding of biomaterials’ role in targeting modulation of antitumor immunity step‐by‐step and guidelines for rationally developing targeting biomaterials for more personalized cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, the current challenge and future perspective regarding the potential application and clinical translation will also be discussed.
Recent Developments of Nanodiamond Quantum Sensors for Biological Applications
Authors: Wu Yingke , Weil Tanja
Published: March 2022

Measuring certain quantities at the nanoscale is often limited to strict conditions such as low temperature or vacuum. However, the recently developed nanodiamond (ND) quantum sensing technology shows great promise for ultrasensitive diagnosis and probing subcellular parameters at ambient conditions. Atom defects (i.e., N, Si) within the ND lattice provide stable emissions and sometimes spin‐dependent photoluminescence. These unique properties endow ND quantum sensors with the capacity to detect local temperature, magnetic fields, electric fields, or strain. In this review, some of the recent, most exciting developments in the preparation and application of ND sensors to solve current challenges in biology and medicine including ultrasensitive detection of virions and local sensing of pH, radical species, magnetic fields, temperature, and rotational movements, are discussed.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Spinel NixMn3‐xO4 Solid Solution Immobilized with Iridium Single Atoms for Efficient Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Wen Ning , Xia Yuguo , Wang Haihua , Zhang Dongpeng , Wang Haimei , Wang Xiang , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong
Published: March 2022

Seawater electrolysis not only affords a promising approach to produce clean hydrogen fuel but also alleviates the bottleneck of freshwater feeds. Here, a novel strategy for large‐scale preparing spinel NixMn3‐xO4 solid solution immobilized with iridium single‐atoms (Ir‐SAs) is developed by the sol–gel method. Benefitting from the surface‐exposed Ir‐SAs, Ir1/Ni1.6Mn1.4O4 reveals boosted oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, achieving overpotentials of 330 and 350 mV at current densities of 100 and 200 mA cm–2 in alkaline seawater. Moreover, only a cell voltage of 1.50 V is required to reach 500 mA cm–2 with assembled Ir1/Ni1.6Mn1.4O4‖Pt/C electrode pair under the industrial operating condition. The experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations highlight the effect of Ir‐SAs on improving the intrinsic OER activity and facilitating surface charge transfer kinetics, and evidence the energetically stabilized *OOH and the destabilized chloride ion adsorption in Ir1/Ni1.6Mn1.4O4. This work demonstrates an effective method to produce efficient alkaline seawater electrocatalyst massively.
Challenges and Opportunities for Renewable Ammonia Production via Plasmon‐Assisted Photocatalysis
Authors: Puértolas Begoña , Comesaña‐Hermo Miguel , Besteiro Lucas V. , Vázquez‐González Margarita , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A.
Published: March 2022

Despite its severe operating conditions, associated energy consumption, and environmental concerns, the manufacture of nitrogen‐rich fertilizers still relies heavily on producing ammonia in centralized chemical plants via the Haber–Bosch process. A distributed and more sustainable scheme considers the on‐site production of carbon‐neutral fertilizers at ambient conditions in photocatalytic reactors powered by sunlight. Among the different strategies proposed to boost the nitrogen reduction ability of conventional catalysts, the incorporation of plasmonic nanomaterials is gaining widespread interest owing to their unique optical tunability and their potential to improve the efficiency and selectivity of many chemical transformations. This Perspective examines the state‐of‐the‐art for the nitrogen reduction reaction via plasmon‐driven photocatalysis and discusses design principles for advancing it. The different physical mechanisms underlying the operation of plasmonic materials in a catalytic setting, and the dimensions along which the catalysts can be tuned to harness them are detailed. Paths to overcome current frontiers in the field, including design strategies of plasmonic photocatalysts, the development of complementary characterization techniques, the standardization of the reaction conditions and ammonia quantification methods, and the possibilities offered by theoretical methods to drive material discovery, identifying fundamental bottlenecks, and proposing directions for the advancement of this emerging field are outlined.
Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Immunotherapy Based on a Versatile NIR‐II Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen
Authors: Yan Dingyuan , Wang Miao , Wu Qian , Niu Niu , Li Meng , Song Ruixiang , Rao Jie , Kang Miaomiao , Zhang Zhijun , Zhou Feifan , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2022

Synergistic photothermal immunotherapy has captured great attention owing to the mutually strengthening therapeutic outcomes towards both original tumors and abscopal tumors. Herein, a versatile theranostic agent displaying aggregation‐induced emission, namely TPA‐BT‐DPTQ, was designed and prepared based on benzo[c]thiophene unit as a building block; it can be used for simultaneous fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), photothermal imaging (PTI), and thermal eradication of tumors. Further experiments validate that photothermal therapy (PTT) mediated by TPA‐BT‐DPTQ nanoparticles not only destroys the primary tumor but also enhances immunogenicity for further suppressing the growth of tumors at distant sites. Furthermore, PTT combining a programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibody prevents the metastasis and recurrence of cancer by potentiating the effect of immunotherapy.
Enantio‐, Diastereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic and Acyclic gem‐Difluoromethylenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Uno Hiroto , Kawai Koki , Araki Taichi , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: March 2022

gem‐Difluoromethylene moieties are attractive in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to mimic other more ubiquitous functional groups. Thus, effective asymmetric methods for their construction are highly desirable, especially for the industrial production of chiral drugs. Using a Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric [4+2] cycloaddition between substituted‐2‐alkylidenetrimethylene carbonates and gem‐difluoroalkyl ketones, we were able to easily access chiral 1,3‐dioxanes that contain a tetrasubstituted difluoroalkyl stereogenic center in cyclic and acyclic skeletons. A novel phosphoramidite ligand, which contains a bulky 1,1‐dinaphthylmethanamino moiety, was developed to provide the products in high yield with excellent enantio‐, diastereo‐, and regioselectivity. Strikingly, the gem‐difluoro substitution pattern promotes the reaction, and pentafluoroethylketone, an α,α‐difluorinated β‐ketoester, and a β‐ketosulfone are suitable substrates for this method.
Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation‐Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways
Authors: Turley Andrew T. , Saha Promeet K. , Danos Andrew , Bismillah Aisha N. , Monkman Andrew P. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Curchod Basile F. E. , Etherington Marc K. , McGonigal Paul R.
Published: March 2022

Herein, we expose how the antagonistic relationship between solid‐state luminescence and photocyclization of oligoaryl alkene chromophores is modulated by the conjugation length of their alkenyl backbones. Heptaaryl cycloheptatriene molecular rotors exhibit aggregation‐induced emission characteristics. We show that their emission is turned off upon breaking the conjugation of the cycloheptatriene by epoxide formation. While this modification is deleterious to photoluminescence, it enables formation of extended polycyclic frameworks by Mallory reactions. We exploit this dichotomy (i) to manipulate emission properties in a controlled manner and (ii) as a synthetic tool to link together pairs of phenyl rings in a specific sequence. This method to alter the tendency of oligoaryl alkenes to undergo photocyclization can inform the design of solid‐state emitters that avoid this quenching mechanism, while also allowing selective cyclization in syntheses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Copper‐Catalyzed Monooxygenation of Phenols: Evidence for a Mononuclear Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Schneider Rebecca , Engesser Tobias A. , Näther Christian , Krossing Ingo , Tuczek Felix
Published: March 2022

The CuI salts [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF and [Cu(oDFB)2]PF with the very weakly coordinating anion Al(OC(CF3)3)4− (PF) as well as [Cu(NEt3)2]PF comprising the unique, linear bis‐triethylamine complex [Cu(NEt3)2]+ were synthesized and examined as catalysts for the conversion of monophenols to o‐quinones. The activities of these CuI salts towards monooxygenation of 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (DTBP‐H) were compared to those of [Cu(CH3CN)4]X salts with “classic” anions (BF4−, OTf−, PF6−), revealing an anion effect on the activity of the catalyst and a ligand effect on the reaction rate. The reaction is drastically accelerated by employing CuII‐semiquinone complexes as catalysts, indicating that formation of a CuII complex precedes the actual catalytic cycle. This result and other experimental observations show that with these systems the oxygenation of monophenols does not follow a dinuclear, but a mononuclear pathway analogous to that of topaquinone cofactor biosynthesis in amine oxidase.
Bioassay‐Guided Isolation of Nematicidal Artemisinic Acid and Dihydroartemisinic Acid from Artemisia annua L. and Evaluation of Their Activity against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Wang Delong , Li Min , Yuan Chunxia , Fang Yali , Zhang Zhijia
Published: March 2022

The extract of Artemisia annua L. has been shown to possess the nematicidal activity but the potent constituents were unclear. Herein, two nematicidal sesquiterpenoid acids artemisinic acid (ArA) and dihydroartemisinic acid (DHArA) were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of A. annua L. by the bioassay‐guided isolation method using Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J2s) as the screening target. The in vitro activity, control efficacy in the pot experiment, and toxic effects of these two natural compounds against M. incognita were evaluated. The in vitro results showed that the EC50/48h values of ArA and DHArA were 0.37 mM and 0.76 mM against J2s, respectively. In the pot experiment, ArA and DHArA at the dose of 5 mg (a.i.)/pot could achieve the same level of control efficacy compared with avermectins at 2 mg (a.i.)/pot. Microscopic observations indicated the obvious toxic symptoms of J2s after ArA‐ and DHArA‐treatment, including the shrinking body, imperfect body wall, and undiscerning organs. The physiological and biochemical studies, together with the toxic symptoms, revealed that ArA and DHArA had great impacts on the membrane system of J2s. Additionally, ArA occurring the α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl was demonstrated to be reactive with glutathione (GSH) and cause the decrease of GSH content in J2s. Taken together, the present study suggests that ArA and DHArA or ArA‐ and DHArA‐based extracts of A. annua L. have a substantial potential to be used as botanical agents for integrated disease management programs against root‐knot nematodes in crop protection.
A Catalytic Strategy for Selective Production of 5‐Formylfuran‐2‐carboxylic Acid and Furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Wiesfeld Jan J. , Asakawa Miyuki , Aoshima Takayuki , Fukuoka Atsushi , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Nakajima Kiyotaka
Published: March 2022

A novel catalytic strategy involving protective chemistry is presented for the selective production of 5‐formylfuran‐2‐carboxylic acid (FFCA) and furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from concentrated 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) solutions. By protecting the reactive formyl group of HMF by acetalization with 1,3‐propanediol (PDO), degradation and premature oxidation of HMF is suppressed. A hydroxyapatite‐supported Au catalyst can selectively oxidize HMF‐acetal in a 10 wt % solution to FFCA‐acetal in 94 % yield in 2 hours at 373 K under 0.5 MPa of O2. Deprotection of FFCA‐acetal by mineral acids affords FFCA in 98 % yield and recovers nearly all PDO. FFCA in a 20 wt % solution can be oxidized to FDCA in 95 % yield under similar reaction conditions. The presented chemistry contributes to the development of novel manufacturing routes of prospective biobased monomer precursors using protecting agents.
Electrochemical Pretreatment of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation for Enhanced Li4Ti5O12 Anode Performance in a Molten Li−Ca Binary Salt Hydrate Electrolyte
Authors: Kondou Shinji , Watanabe Yoshifumi , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi , Ueno Kazuhide
Published: March 2022

Water‐in‐salt electrolytes have been widely explored because of their expanded electrochemical stability (>3.0 V). However, the instability of solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) in aqueous electrolytes leads to their reductive decomposition on the negative electrodes of low‐potential anode materials. Here, we demonstrate significant improvement in the cycle performance of a Li4Ti5O12 electrode using a Li−Ca binary salt hydrate (LCH) electrolyte in combination with an optimized electrochemical pretreatment process. Compared with a hydrate‐melt electrolyte, the LCH electrolyte provided less water‐soluble Ca‐based SEI components, and careful pretreatment process enabled the formation of a thicker SEI layer on the Li4Ti5O12 electrode. Protected with the hardly soluble, thick SEI layer, the Li4Ti5O12 electrode effectively mitigated unfavorable side reactions and achieved 95.5 % capacity retention over 50 cycles. These results offer insight into a promising route for stable SEI layer formation for the practical use of low‐potential anode materials in aqueous rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries.
EczemaPred: A computational framework for personalised prediction of eczema severity dynamics
Authors: Hurault Guillem , Stalder Jean François , Mery Sophie , Delarue Alain , Saint Aroman Markéta , Josse Gwendal , Tanaka Reiko J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease leading to substantial quality of life impairment with heterogeneous treatment responses. People with AD would benefit from personalised treatment strategies, whose design requires predicting how AD severity evolves for each individual.

Objective

This study aims to develop a computational framework for personalised prediction of AD severity dynamics.

Methods

We introduced EczemaPred, a computational framework to predict patient‐dependent dynamic evolution of AD severity using Bayesian state‐space models that describe latent dynamics of AD severity items and how they are measured. We used EczemaPred to predict the dynamic evolution of validated patient‐oriented scoring atopic dermatitis (PO‐SCORAD) by combining predictions from the models for the nine severity items of PO‐SCORAD (six intensity signs, extent of eczema, and two subjective symptoms). We validated this approach using longitudinal data from two independent studies: a published clinical study in which PO‐SCORAD was measured twice weekly for 347 AD patients over 17 weeks, and another one in which PO‐SCORAD was recorded daily by 16 AD patients for 12 weeks.

Results

EczemaPred achieved good performance for personalised predictions of PO‐SCORAD and its severity items daily to weekly. EczemaPred outperformed standard time‐series forecasting models such as a mixed effect autoregressive model. The uncertainty in predicting PO‐SCORAD was mainly attributed to that in predicting intensity signs (75% of the overall uncertainty).

Conclusions

EczemaPred serves as a computational framework to make a personalised prediction of AD severity dynamics relevant to clinical practice. EczemaPred is available as an R package.