bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staging the “New Irish”: Interculturalism and the Future of the Post–Celtic Tiger Irish Theatre
Authors: McIvor Charlotte
Published: October 2011

In this article, I argue that the work of minority-ethnic artists reframes the parameters of Irish national belonging and tests the limits of “interculturalism” as official discourse in the post–Celtic Tiger nation. I engage with the search for new critical paradigms to illuminate how emergent discourses of Irish interculturalism assist in understanding and locating the work of minority-ethnic theatre artists in a critical discourse that has had difficulty accommodating their presence. To this end, I examine two recent new productions of J.M. Synge's Playboy of the Western World (by Pan Pan Theatre and by Bisi Adigun and Roddy Doyle at the Abbey Theatre) that directly engage the Irish theatre canon as a site of entry into Irish national belonging for minority-ethnic communities. I then juxtapose these Playboys with new works by Romanian and Irish-Indian playwrights Gianina Cărbunariu and Ursula Rani Sarma that stretch the limits of what can be understood as “Irish” drama. The contingent and overlapping networks of these artists’ influences, journeys, and obstacles map the multiple possibilities of Irish theatrical interculturalisms that are already in motion as well as gesturing towards the challenges faced by the post–Celtic Tiger Irish theatre to come.
Toward a Definition of Post-Brechtian Performance: The Example ofIn the Jungle of the Citiesat the Berliner Ensemble, 19711
Authors: Barnett David
Published: October 2011

‘Post-Brechtian’ is a term whose meaning is suggestive but whose terms have never been carefully defined. This article considers the implications of the post-Brechtian in performance by proposing five theses that might apprehend the term's multifarious manifestations onstage. The theses proceed from conditions of epistemological uncertainty and articulate points of confluence with and divergence from Brecht's own performance practices, which he developed at the Berliner Ensemble. Ruth Berghaus's production of Brecht's In the Jungle of the Cities at the same theatre in 1971 provides an early example of the epiphenomena associated with the post-Brechtian. The article seeks to locate the impulses that lay behind the production's performance decisions in order to generalize a series of principles that can be applied to the work of other directors, such as Robert Wilson, Christoph Marthaler, and Einar Schleef.
Inducible Hsp70 in the Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival: Analysis of Chaperone Induction, Expression and Activity
Authors: Zorzi Elisa , Bonvini Paolo
Published: October 2011

Understanding the mechanisms that control stress is central to realize how cells respond to environmental and physiological insults. All the more important is to reveal how tumour cells withstand their harsher growth conditions and cope with drug-induced apoptosis, since resistance to chemotherapy is the foremost complication when curing cancer. Intensive research on tumour biology over the past number of years has provided significant insights into the molecular events that occur during oncogenesis, and resistance to anti-cancer drugs has been shown to often rely on stress response and expression of inducible heat shock proteins (HSPs). However, with respect to the mechanisms guarding cancer cells against proteotoxic stresses and the modulatory effects that allow their survival, much remains to be defined. Heat shock proteins are molecules responsible for folding newly synthesized polypeptides under physiological conditions and misfolded proteins under stress, but their role in maintaining the transformed phenotype often goes beyond their conventional chaperone activity. Expression of inducible HSPs is known to correlate with limited sensitivity to apoptosis induced by diverse cytotoxic agents and dismal prognosis of several tumour types, however whether cancer cells survive because of the constitutive expression of heat shock proteins or the ability to induce them when adapting to the hostile microenvironment remains to be elucidated. Clear is that tumours appear nowadays more “addicted” to heat shock proteins than previously envisaged, and targeting HSPs represents a powerful approach and a future challenge for sensitizing tumours to therapy. This review will focus on the anti-apoptotic role of heat shock 70kDa protein (Hsp70), and how regulatory factors that control inducible Hsp70 synthesis, expression and activity may be relevant for response to stress and survival of cancer cells.
Farmer Health and Adaptive Capacity in the Face of Climate Change and Variability. Part 1: Health as a Contributor to Adaptive Capacity and as an Outcome from Pressures Coping with Climate Related Adversities
Authors: Berry Helen L. , Hogan Anthony , Ng Suan Peng , Parkinson Anne
Published: October 2011

This paper examines the role farmers’ health plays as an element of adaptive capacity. The study examines which of twenty aspects of adaptation may be related to overall health outcomes, controlling for demographic and on-farm-factors in health problems. The analysis is based on 3,993 farmers’ responses to a national survey of climate risk and adaptation. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was used examine the extent to which, in a multivariate analysis, the use of adaptive practices was predictively associated with self-assessed health, taking into account the farmer’s rating of whether their health was a barrier to undertaking farm work. We present two models, one excluding pre-existing health (model 1) and one including pre-existing health (model 2). The first model accounted for 21% of the variance. In this model better health was most strongly predicted by an absence of on-farm risk, greater financial viability, greater debt pressures, younger age and a desire to continue farming. Social capital (trust and reciprocity) was moderately associated with health as was the intention to adopt more sustainable practices. The second model (including the farmers’ health as a barrier to undertaking farm work) accounted for 43% of the variance. Better health outcomes were most strongly explained, in order of magnitude, by the absence of pre-existing health problems, greater access to social support, greater financial viability, greater debt pressures, a desire to continue farming and the condition of on-farm resources. Model 2 was a more parsimonious model (only nine predictors, compared with 15 in model 1), and explained twice as much variance in health outcomes. These results suggest that (i) pre-existing health problems are a very important factor to consider when designing adaptation programs and policies and (ii) these problems may mediate or modify the relationship between adaptation and health.
Monitoring Urban Tree Cover Using Object-Based Image Analysis and Public Domain Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Moskal L. Monika , Styers Diane M. , Halabisky Meghan
Published: October 2011

Urban forest ecosystems provide a range of social and ecological services, but due to the heterogeneity of these canopies their spatial extent is difficult to quantify and monitor. Traditional per-pixel classification methods have been used to map urban canopies, however, such techniques are not generally appropriate for assessing these highly variable landscapes. Landsat imagery has historically been used for per-pixel driven land use/land cover (LULC) classifications, but the spatial resolution limits our ability to map small urban features. In such cases, hyperspatial resolution imagery such as aerial or satellite imagery with a resolution of 1 meter or below is preferred. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) allows for use of additional variables such as texture, shape, context, and other cognitive information provided by the image analyst to segment and classify image features, and thus, improve classifications. As part of this research we created LULC classifications for a pilot study area in Seattle, WA, USA, using OBIA techniques and freely available public aerial photography. We analyzed the differences in accuracies which can be achieved with OBIA using multispectral and true-color imagery. We also compared our results to a satellite based OBIA LULC and discussed the implications of per-pixel driven vs. OBIA-driven field sampling campaigns. We demonstrated that the OBIA approach can generate good and repeatable LULC classifications suitable for tree cover assessment in urban areas. Another important finding is that spectral content appeared to be more important than spatial detail of hyperspatial data when it comes to an OBIA-driven LULC.
Machine Learning Comparison between WorldView-2 and QuickBird-2-Simulated Imagery Regarding Object-Based Urban Land Cover Classification
Authors: Novack Tessio , Esch Thomas , Kux Hermann , Stilla Uwe
Published: October 2011

The objective of this study is to compare WorldView-2 (WV-2) and QuickBird-2-simulated (QB-2) imagery regarding their potential for object-based urban land cover classification. Optimal segmentation parameters were automatically found for each data set and the obtained results were quantitatively compared and discussed. Four different feature selection algorithms were used in order to verify to which data set the most relevant object-based features belong to. Object-based classifications were performed with four different supervised algorithms applied to each data set and the obtained accuracies and model performances indexes were compared. Segmentation experiments carried out involving bands exclusively available in the WV-2 sensor generated segments slightly more similar to our reference segments (only about 0.23 discrepancy). Fifty seven percent of the different selected features and 53% of all the 80 selections refer to features that can only be calculated with the additional bands of the WV-2 sensor. On the other hand, 57% of the most relevant features and 63% of the second most relevant features can also be calculated considering only the QB-2 bands. In 10 out of 16 classifications, higher Kappa values were achieved when features related to the additional bands of the WV-2 sensor were also considered. In most cases, classifications carried out with the 8-band-related features generated less complex and more efficient models than those generated only with QB-2 band-related features. Our results lead to the conclusion that spectrally similar classes like ceramic tile roofs and bare soil, as well as asphalt and dark asbestos roofs can be better distinguished when the additional bands of the WV-2 sensor are used throughout the object-based classification process.
Fault Diagnosis for Micro-Gas Turbine Engine Sensors via Wavelet Entropy
Authors: Yu Bing , Liu Dongdong , Zhang Tianhong
Published: October 2011

Sensor fault diagnosis is necessary to ensure the normal operation of a gas turbine system. However, the existing methods require too many resources and this need can’t be satisfied in some occasions. Since the sensor readings are directly affected by sensor state, sensor fault diagnosis can be performed by extracting features of the measured signals. This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis method for sensors based on wavelet entropy. Based on the wavelet theory, wavelet decomposition is utilized to decompose the signal in different scales. Then the instantaneous wavelet energy entropy (IWEE) and instantaneous wavelet singular entropy (IWSE) are defined based on the previous wavelet entropy theory. Subsequently, a fault diagnosis method for gas turbine sensors is proposed based on the results of a numerically simulated example. Then, experiments on this method are carried out on a real micro gas turbine engine. In the experiment, four types of faults with different magnitudes are presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method for sensor fault diagnosis is efficient.
In Situ Monitoring of Temperature inside Lithium-Ion Batteries by Flexible Micro Temperature Sensors
Authors: Lee Chi-Yuan , Lee Shuo-Jen , Tang Ming-Shao , Chen Pei-Chi
Published: October 2011

Lithium-ion secondary batteries are commonly used in electric vehicles, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), notebooks and electric cars. These lithium-ion secondary batteries must charge and discharge rapidly, causing the interior temperature to rise quickly, raising a safety issue. Over-charging results in an unstable voltage and current, causing potential safety problems, such as thermal runaways and explosions. Thus, a micro flexible temperature sensor for the in in-situ monitoring of temperature inside a lithium-ion secondary battery must be developed. In this work, flexible micro temperature sensors were integrated into a lithium-ion secondary battery using the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) process for monitoring temperature in situ.
Cellular Restriction Factors of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Zielonka Jörg , Münk Carsten
Published: October 2011

Lentiviruses are known for their narrow cell- and species-tropisms, which are determined by cellular proteins whose absence or presence either support viral replication (dependency factors, cofactors) or inhibit viral replication (restriction factors). Similar to Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the cat lentivirus Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is sensitive to recently discovered cellular restriction factors from non-host species that are able to stop viruses from replicating. Of particular importance are the cellular proteins APOBEC3, TRIM5α and tetherin/BST-2. In general, lentiviruses counteract or escape their species’ own variant of the restriction factor, but are targeted by the orthologous proteins of distantly related species. Most of the knowledge regarding lentiviral restriction factors has been obtained in the HIV-1 system; however, much less is known about their effects on other lentiviruses. We describe here the molecular mechanisms that explain how FIV maintains its replication in feline cells, but is largely prevented from cross-species infections by cellular restriction factors.
Posfolklore: Raíces y globalización en la música popular chilena
Authors: González Juan Pablo
Published: October 2011

Este artículo aborda el desarrollo del concepto de raíz folklórica, introducido por cantautores chilenos a mediados de los años setenta, como estrategia para legitimar corrientes divergentes del folklore de la norma imperante en tiempos del régimen militar. La institucionalización de este concepto con el retorno a la democracia y su continuo tensionamiento desde una tercera generación de cantautores nacionales y desde los nuevos grupos musicales derivados de compañías teatrales, permite reflexionar sobre el problema de las raíces en tiempos de globalización. Se proponen los conceptos de posfolklore y de raíces hidropónicas, adscritos a la permanente tendencia del músico y del auditor chileno a incorporar músicas del mundo a su práctica y consumo musical. Estos conceptos permiten discutir las mezclas en la música chilena y la consiguiente multiplicación de identidades intermedias más que hegemónicas en la cultura chilena contemporánea.
Introducción. Sobre la música en la política y la política en la música
Authors: Asensio Llamas Susana
Published: October 2011

Música & Políticas es un monográfico que aparece de la necesidad creciente de comprender cómo los fenómenos musicales han interactuado históricamente con diversas situaciones políticas. Esta relación sociocultural está históricamente constatada, en lo que se refiere a la capacidad de los fenómenos musicales de vehicular o representar movimientos sociales relevantes –culturas políticas–, pero también en la historiografía de las muchas normativas que todo tipo de instituciones han desarrollado como consecuencia en torno a la música –políticas culturales–. Los artículos aquí contenidos muestran varios ejemplos de cómo se han expresado popularmente ideas políticas a través de la música, y también de algunas regulaciones institucionales suscitadas con el objeto de controlar estas expresiones.
Calibration of an optoelectronic system for the characteristion of ultraviolet sensitive photodiodes
Authors: Van Schalkwyk Louwrens , Meyer Walter E. , Nel Jackie M. , Auret F. Danie
Published: October 2011

Spectral and electrical characteristion of ultraviolet (UV) sensitive photodiodes requires a calibrated optoelectronic system. For spectral characteristion, the irradiance of the UV light source, after the light passed through a monochromator and optical fiber, was calibrated for wavelengths ranging from 200 nm to 400 nm. Commercially available AlGaN-based photodiodes was characterised and the obtained parameters were compared to that specified.
Chernozemic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification
Authors: Pennock Dan , Bedard-Haughn Angela , Viaud Valerie
Published: October 2011

Pennock, D., Bedard-Haughn, A. and Viaud, V. 2011. Chernozemic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 719–747. Chernozemic soils in Canada have a characteristic biomantle that fully expresses the effect of organisms on soil formation. Additions of large amounts of below-ground biomass from grasses are transformed into complex organic compounds through the activities of meso- and macro-fauna, microbial degradation and combustion by fires. Degradation is regulated by (a) climatic influences on plant inputs and microbial activity, (b) the chemical and biochemical nature of the residues, (c) encapsulation of organic matter within aggregates by soil micro-faunal activities and freeze–thaw processes and (d) protection against decomposition by Ca2+and clay minerals. These organic compounds are mixed with the mineral matrix through the action of organisms from mites to badgers. Regional differences in the regulators cause differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and the colour value of the surface Chernozemic A horizon. The storage of SOC is lowest in the Brown soil zone (≈60 to 80 Mg ha−1) and greatest in the Black soil zone (≈120 to 150 Mg ha−1); this corresponds to a decrease in the annual water deficit from ≈200 mm (Brown) to 70 to 100 mm (Black). Where soil CaCO3contents are high either through initial concentration in the parent material or by the precipitation of secondary CaCO3, substantially higher SOC storage than the regional norms can result. A repetitive catenary pattern occurs throughout the region. The primary controls on this pattern are hydrological – a lateral component to water flow in hillslopes leads to more developed horizonation downslope, and discharge surrounding wetlands causes precipitation of secondary carbonate minerals and more soluble salts in a fringe surrounding the wetlands. Chernozemic landscapes have been highly altered by humans through their conversion to agricultural production. Loss of the dense root network of the native grasslands causes a substantial decrease in SOC. This loss of carbon and reduction in A horizon thickness is accelerated by erosion; the effects of tillage erosion are now recognized as being ubiquitous through the agricultural region. The substantial amounts of SOC storage and our ability to increase storage through altered management practices make these soils a particular focus of interest in a future made more uncertain by the possibility of human-induced climatic change.
Brunisolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification
Authors: Smith C. A. S. , Webb K. T. , Kenney E. , Anderson A. , Kroetsch D.
Published: October 2011

Smith, C. A. S., Webb, K. T., Kenney, E., Anderson, A. and Kroetsch, D. 2011. Brunisolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 695–717. Brunisols are considered as moderately developed soils formed under forest cover. They have a wide range of physical and chemical properties and no single dominant pedogenic process drives the development of these soils. Brunisols are some of the more common soils in Canada, occupying over 1.2 million km2 of land, roughly equivalent to the area of Podzolic soils, and about half the area of the most common soil order in Canada, the Cryosols. Brunisols occur mainly within the boreal forest regions, but extend across the country with the exception of the Arctic and prairie regions. Within the zone of discontinuous permafrost they co-exist on landscapes with Cryosols. In humid regions of both eastern and western Canada they form a continuum of soil development with Podzolic soils. Within subhumid to semi-arid regions they often co-exist with Luvisolic soils, occurring on parent materials too coarse to enable Luvisolic soil formation. Brunisols equate closely to the Cambisol reference group in the World Reference Base taxonomic system and to several suborders of the Inceptisol order in Soil Taxonomy. Both Melanic and Sombric Brunisols are important agricultural soils in British Columbia, Ontario and the Maritime provinces. Eutric and Dystric Brunisols support commercial forest stands throughout the boreal forest and western cordillera of Canada.
A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives
Authors: Anderson Darwin W. , Scott Smith C. A.
Published: October 2011

Anderson, D. W. and Smith, C. A. S. 2011. A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 675–694. This paper presents an overview of soil classification and soil survey in Canada based on both historical documentation and the personal experiences and perspectives of the two authors. The first soil surveys in Canada beginning in Ontario in 1914 are described along with the earliest systems of soil classification. The roots of the current system of soil classification in Canada can be traced back to the establishment of the first meeting of the National Soil Survey Committee (later the Canada Soil Survey Committee) held in Ottawa in 1945. The Committee met every 2 to 3 years and a hard-cover “first” edition, “The Canadian System of Soil Classification” was published in 1978 and a slightly revised second edition in 1987. The third edition (1998) includes a more complete key and a tenth order, the Vertisolic Order. The four to five decades starting in the late 1940s were the glory years for soil survey in Canada, with well-funded and productive programs in all provinces and territories, with major outputs like the Canada Land Inventory. The period between mid 1990s and 2010 saw declining activity in new field survey and reductions in staff levels by government agencies, but a rise in private sector soil survey, largely for environmental assessment purposes. There is a renewed and on-going interest in and need for soil information. The challenge for pedologists is to provide reliable information in innovative and proactive ways.
Efficacy of Papacarie for Caries Removal: An in vivo Study
Authors: Raj Sunil
Published: October 2011

Objectives

Conventional caries removal is associated with unpleasant perception of drilling, requirement of local anesthesia, pressure effects on the pulp, etc. The chemomechanical method of caries removal has overcome these shortcomings. It is not only more comfortable to the patient but also preserves the healthy tissue. The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the time taken for caries removal, perception of pain and presence of secondary caries after a period of 10 months with Papacarie (Formulae One, Brazil 2003) and the conventional method. Bilateral primary molars in 52 children age ranging from 5-12 years were selected and divided into group I (conventional method) and group II (chemomechanical method) and compared.

Results

Mean time taken in the conventional method (14.5 ± 5.367 sec) was significantly higher than papain gel (11.2 ± 5.959 secs). The pain score in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2. The pain experienced in the conventional method ranged from a minimum of 0 (none) to a maximum of 4 (uncomfortable). Whereas in papain gel, it ranged from 0 (none) to 2 (annoying). The presence of secondary caries after a follow-up of 10 months was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Papacarie method seems to be promising as an alternative treatment procedure in pediatric dentistry.
Various Shapes of Soft Palate: A Lateral Cephalometric Study
Authors: Praveen BN , Shubhasini AR , Vaseemuddin Syed , Amrutesh Sunita , Pal Sumona
Published: October 2011

Objective

Though the soft palate presents with varied morphology, very few studies have described its diversity. The aim of our study was to investigate various shapes of soft palate in normal individuals.

Methods

The study comprised of 80 individuals requiring orthodontic treatment but without any speech abnormality, whose age ranged from 9 to 31 years. Velar shape was examined on digital lateral cephalograms and was allocated to one of the six patterns as described by You M et al. The difference in proportion of each type and also difference between genders were studied.

Results

The normal soft palate can be classified into six types based on its shape. Type 2—rat-tail shape is most common in both the genders. There is no significant difference in proportion of various shapes of soft palate between genders.

Conclusion

Soft palate may have variable morphology. Knowledge of varied spectrum of velar morphology may help in successful functional and structural repair in cleft palate cases, and shed some light towards the causes of obstructive sleep apnea and related disorders.
Surface Adherence of Candida albicans to Different Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Denture Base Materials
Authors: Devarhubli Achut R , Subbarao VK , Patil NP
Published: October 2011

Over the years researchers have reported on the frequency and distribution of yeast in the oropharynx of apparently normal individuals and those with systemic or mycotic diseases wearing dentures. Few workers have taken into consideration the role played by the legion of denture base materials on the occurrence and progression of denture stomatitis. Hence this study was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the in vitro adherence of Candida albicans to different denture base materials namely reinforced polymethyl methacrylate, Nonreinforced polymethyl methacrylate and Cobalt chrome alloy of which chrome cobalt alloy showed less adherence to candidal cells compared to the two polymethyl methacrylate resins.
Bilateral Six Cusped and Three Rooted Mandibular First Molars
Authors: Venkataraghavan Karthik , Praveen P , Anantharaj A , Prathibha Rani S , Krishnan Murali B
Published: October 2011

Teeth are vertebrate organs that arise from complex and progressive interactions between an ectoderm, the oral epithelium and an underlying mesenchyme. A significant amount of research has focused on determining the processes that initiate tooth development. It is widely accepted that there is a factor (multiple signaling molecules, including BMPs, FGFs, Shh and Wnt proteins) within the tissues of the first branchial arch that is necessary for the development of teeth. A 9-year-old reported to our department with the chief complaint of pain in the lower right back teeth region. On clinical examination, mandibular molars revealed the presence of an extra cusp on the lingual surface. Occurrence of six cusps in permanent mandibular molar is a rare phenomenon, and number of cases reported is very few.
Oligodontia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Hosur Mahadevi B , Puranik RS , Vanaki Shrinivas S
Published: October 2011

Oligodontia, a form of hypodontia commonly seen in permanent than in deciduous dentition. It is defined as the congenital absence of six or more teeth, excluding third molars. It is relatively a rare condition that can occur either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome. A case of nonsyndromic oligodontia in a 12-year-old boy with congenital absence of all permanent teeth except the premolars (excluding third molars) and over-retained deciduous dentition with conical shaped anteriors is reported. The prevalence, possible etiological factors and treatment options of the condition is reviewed.
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of Maxilla: A Rare Case
Authors: Kadagad Poornima , Umarani Meenaxi V , Pinto Pascal X
Published: October 2011

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is an aggressive round cell malignancy of presumed neural crest origin belonging to Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Peripheral PNET is less common in head and neck region and only eight cases of primary PNET of maxilla have been reported. We report a case of 3-year-old boy diagnosed with PNET of maxilla based on detailed radiologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical studies. Though the imaging features of PNET are nonspecific and definitive diagnosis is only by immunohistochemistry, PNET should be included in the differential diagnoses of fast growing soft tissue tumors of children and young adolescents. We emphasize the need for its early diagnosis and prompt management owing to its aggressive nature and high mortality rate.
Speciated mercury at marine, coastal, and inland sites in New England – Part 2: Relationships with atmospheric physical parameters
Authors: Mao H. , Talbot R. , Hegarty J. , Koermer J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Long-term continuous measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (Hgo), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particulate phase mercury (Hgp) were conducted at coastal (Thompson Farm, denoted as TF), marine (Appledore Island, denoted as AI), and elevated inland (Pac Monadnock, denoted as PM) monitoring sites of the AIRMAP Observing Network. Diurnal, seasonal, annual, and interannual variability in Hgo, RGM, and Hgp from the three distinctly different environments were characterized and compared in Part 1. Here in Part 2 relationships between speciated mercury (i.e., Hgo, RGM, and Hgp) and climate variables (e.g., temperature, wind speed, humidity, solar radiation, and precipitation) were examined. The best point-to-point correlations were found between Hgo and temperature in summer at TF and spring at PM, but there was no similar correlation at AI. Subsets of data demonstrated regional impacts of episodic dynamic processes such as strong cyclonic systems on ambient levels of Hgo at all three sites, possibly through enhanced oceanic evasion of Hgo. A tendency of higher levels of RGM and Hgp was identified in spring and summer under sunny conditions in all environments. Specifically, the 10th, 25th, median, 75th, and 90th percentile mixing ratios of RGM and Hgp increased with stronger solar radiation at both the coastal and marine sites. These metrics decreased with increasing wind speed at AI indicating enhanced loss of RGM and Hgp through deposition. RGM and Hgp levels correlated with temperature positively in spring, summer and fall at the coastal and marine locations. In the coastal region relationships between RGM and relative humidity suggested a clear decreasing tendency in all metrics from <40% to 100% relative humidity in all seasons especially in spring, compared to less variability in the marine environment. The effect of precipitation on RGM at coastal and marine locations was similar. At the coastal site, RGM levels were a factor of 3–4 higher under dry conditions than rainy conditions in all seasons. In winter RGM mixing ratios appeared to be mostly above the limit of detection (LOD) during snowfalls suggesting less scavenging efficiency of snow. Mixing ratios of Hgp at the coastal and marine sites remained above the LOD under rainy conditions. Precipitation had negligible impact on the magnitude and pattern of diurnal variation of Hgp in all seasons in the marine environment.
Nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during late austral summer
Authors: Joubert W. R. , Thomalla S. J. , Waldron H. N. , Lucas M. I. , Boye M. , Le Moigne F. A. C. , Planchon F. , Speich S.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. As part of the Bonus-GoodHope (BGH) campaign, 15N-labelled nitrate, ammonium and urea uptake measurements were made along the BGH transect from Cape Town to ~60° S in late austral summer, 2008. Our results are categorised according to distinct hydrographic regions defined by oceanic fronts and open ocean zones. High regenerated nitrate uptake rate in the oligotrophic Subtropical Zone (STZ) resulted in low f-ratios (f = 0.2) with nitrogen uptake being dominated by ρurea, which contributed up to 70 % of total nitrogen uptake. Size fractionated chlorophyll data showed that the greatest contribution (>50 %) of picophytoplankton (<2 μm) were found in the STZ, consistent with a community based on regenerated production. The Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) showed the greatest total integrated nitrogen uptake (10.3 mmol m−2 d−1), mainly due to enhanced nutrient supply within an anticyclonic eddy observed in this region. A decrease in the contribution of smaller size classes to the phytoplankton community was observed with increasing latitude, concurrent with a decrease in the contribution of regenerated production. Higher f-ratios observed in the SAZ (f = 0.49), Polar Frontal Zone (f= 0.41) and Antarctic Zone (f = 0.45) relative to the STZ (f = 0.24), indicate a higher contribution of NO3−-uptake relative to total nitrogen and potentially higher export production. High ambient regenerated nutrient concentrations are indicative of active regeneration processes throughout the transect and ascribed to late summer season sampling. Higher depth integrated uptake rates also correspond with higher surface iron concentrations. No clear correlation was observed between carbon export estimates derived from new production and 234Th flux. In addition, export derived from 15N estimates were 2–20 times greater than those based on 234Th flux. Variability in the magnitude of export is likely due to intrinsically different methods, compounded by differences in integration time scales for the two proxies of carbon export.
What controls biological production in coastal upwelling systems? Insights from a comparative modeling study
Authors: Lachkar Z. , Gruber N.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The magnitude of net primary production (NPP) in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) is traditionally viewed as directly reflecting the wind-driven upwelling intensity. Yet, different EBUS show different sensitivities of NPP to upwelling-favorable winds (Carr and Kearns, 2003). Here, using a comparative modeling study of the California Current System (California CS) and Canary Current System (Canary CS), we show how physical and environmental factors, such as light, temperature and cross-shore circulation modulate the response of NPP to upwelling strength. To this end, we made a series of eddy-resolving simulations of the two upwelling systems using the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS), coupled to a nitrogen-based Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model. Using identical ecological/biogeochemical parameters, our coupled model simulates a level of NPP in the California CS that is 50 % smaller than that in the Canary CS, in agreement with observationally based estimates. We find this much lower NPP in the California CS despite phytoplankton in this system having nearly 20 % higher nutrient concentrations available to fuel their growth. This conundrum can be explained by: (1) phytoplankton having a faster nutrient-replete growth in the Canary CS relative to the California CS; a consequence of more favorable light and temperature conditions in the Canary CS, and (2) the longer nearshore water residence times in the Canary CS, which permit a larger buildup of biomass in the upwelling zone, thereby enhancing NPP. The longer residence times in the Canary CS appear to be a result of the wider continental shelves and the lower mesoscale activity characterizing this upwelling system. This results in a weaker offshore export of nutrients and organic matter, thereby increasing local nutrient recycling and reducing the spatial decoupling between new and export production in the Canary CS. Our results suggest that climate change-induced perturbations such as upwelling favorable wind intensification might lead to contrasting biological responses in the California CS and the Canary CS, with major implications for the biogeochemical cycles and fisheries in these two ecosystems.
Upper ocean climate of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the Holocene Insolation Maximum – a model study
Authors: Adloff F. , Mikolajewicz U. , Kučera M. , Grimm R. , Maier-Reimer E. , Schmiedl G. , Emeis K.-C.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Nine thousand years ago (9 ka BP), the Northern Hemisphere experienced enhanced seasonality caused by an orbital configuration close to the minimum of the precession index. To assess the impact of this "Holocene Insolation Maximum" (HIM) on the Mediterranean Sea, we use a regional ocean general circulation model forced by atmospheric input derived from global simulations. A stronger seasonal cycle is simulated by the model, which shows a relatively homogeneous winter cooling and a summer warming with well-defined spatial patterns, in particular, a subsurface warming in the Cretan and western Levantine areas. The comparison between the SST simulated for the HIM and a reconstruction from planktonic foraminifera transfer functions shows a poor agreement, especially for summer, when the vertical temperature gradient is strong. As a novel approach, we propose a reinterpretation of the reconstruction, to consider the conditions throughout the upper water column rather than at a single depth. We claim that such a depth-integrated approach is more adequate for surface temperature comparison purposes in a situation where the upper ocean structure in the past was different from the present-day. In this case, the depth-integrated interpretation of the proxy data strongly improves the agreement between modelled and reconstructed temperature signal with the subsurface summer warming being recorded by both model and proxies, with a small shift to the south in the model results. The mechanisms responsible for the peculiar subsurface pattern are found to be a combination of enhanced downwelling and wind mixing due to strengthened Etesian winds, and enhanced thermal forcing due to the stronger summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere. Together, these processes induce a stronger heat transfer from the surface to the subsurface during late summer in the western Levantine; this leads to an enhanced heat piracy in this region, a process never identified before, but potentially characteristic of time slices with enhanced insolation.
Comment on "Clouds and the Faint Young Sun Paradox" by Goldblatt and Zahnle (2011)
Authors: Rondanelli R. , Lindzen R. S.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Goldblatt and Zahnle (2011) raise a number of issues related to the possibility that cirrus clouds can provide a solution to the faint young sun paradox. Here we argue that some of the criticism is not warranted. In particular, the criticism related to cirrus clouds being an "end member" case of possible clouds depends heavily on models that may have an inadequate representation of cirrus clouds. Present climate observations show that thin cirrus clouds (optical depth less than 10) can produce positive cloud radiative forcing. When this forcing is represented in models, resulting cirrus clouds are not necessarily realistic. Therefore, cirrus clouds that have a radiative forcing consistent with present climate observations, can provide a solution to the faint young sun paradox, or at least ease the amount of CO2 or other greenhouse substances needed to provide temperatures above freezing during the Archean.
Pore formation during dehydration of polycrystalline gypsum observed and quantified in a time-series synchrotron radiation based X-ray micro-tomography experiment
Authors: Fusseis F. , Schrank C. , Liu J. , Karrech A. , Llana-Fúnez S. , Xiao X. , Regenauer-Lieb K.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. We conducted an in-situ X-ray micro-computed tomography heating experiment at the Advanced Photon Source (USA) to dehydrate an unconfined 2.3 mm diameter cylinder of Volterra Gypsum. We used a purpose-built X-ray transparent furnace to heat the sample to 388 K for a total of 310 min to acquire a three-dimensional time-series tomography dataset comprising nine time steps. The voxel size of 2.2 μm3 proved sufficient to pinpoint reaction initiation and the organization of drainage architecture in space and time. We observed that dehydration commences across a narrow front, which propagates from the margins to the centre of the sample in more than four hours. The advance of this front can be fitted with a square-root function, implying that the initiation of the reaction in the sample can be described as a diffusion process. Novel parallelized computer codes allow quantifying the geometry of the porosity and the drainage architecture from the very large tomographic datasets (6.4 × 109 voxel each) in unprecedented detail. We determined position, volume, shape and orientation of each resolvable pore and tracked these properties over the duration of the experiment. We found that the pore-size distribution follows a power law. Pores tend to be anisotropic but rarely crack-shaped and have a preferred orientation, likely controlled by a pre-existing fabric in the sample. With on-going dehydration, pores coalesce into a single interconnected pore cluster that is connected to the surface of the sample cylinder and provides an effective drainage pathway. Our observations can be summarized in a model in which gypsum is stabilized by thermal expansion stresses and locally increased pore fluid pressures until the dehydration front approaches to within about 100 μm. Then, the internal stresses are released and dehydration happens efficiently, resulting in new pore space. Pressure release, the production of pores and the advance of the front are coupled in a feedback loop. We discuss our findings in the context of previous studies.
Sedimentations: Some Thoughts on Schoenberg’s Musical Accompaniment to a Cinematographic Scene
Authors: Ryan David
Published: October 2011

This article examines Arnold Schoenberg’s Begleitmusik zu einer Lichtspielszene of 1930. This, essentially, is a soundtrack in search of a film (no film was actually created with it in mind), and clearly speaks of Schoenberg’s bleak premonitions of the coming decade with its cue titles of ‘threatening fear’ – ‘danger’ – and ‘catastrophe’. The article further explores Schoenberg’s music in relation to the musical/ cinematic practices of his day. This leads to a discussion of Jean-Marie Straub and Danielle Huillet’s utilization of the score from 1973 which uses film as a self-reflexive device to explore the personal, cultural and the political. Having received permission  to create a new film for this piece (currently in planning) the author of this article hopes to explore how the cities of Vienna and Berlin might form a visual hinge through which to view the tumultuous exile of the composer from Vienna to Berlin and on to the USA after the rise of National Socialism in 1933. Like Straub and Huillet the author aims to use, and discuss, the potential of film to map the historical onto the present.
Across Cultural and National Borders: Diasporic Chinese Family in Pushing Hands
Authors: Han Qijun
Published: October 2011

Being embedded in the interdisciplinary area of media and culture studies, this articlel explores the family melodrama in transnational Chinese cinema drawing upon theoretical discussions with regard to the historical emergence of melodrama in correspondence to, as Th. Elsaesser says, “periods of intense social and ideological crisis”. While serving as a reflection on the tension between tradition and modernity displayed in the domestic domain, Ang Lee’s Chinese-characterized family melodrama also illustrates the differences between Chinese and Hollywood family melodrama. Linked to the ongoing debate about “melodrama as a cross-cultural form”, in the process of analyzing the film text, our perceptions of generic dislocation or displacement, transcultural entanglements and globalization in light of contemporary cultural practices will be furthermore complicated.
Gender and Identity at Boarding Schools: Outcast Teachers in Maedchen in Uniform (1958) vs Loving Annabelle (2006)
Authors: Tatulescu Petruta
Published: October 2011

“Loving Annabelle”, a US film released in 2006, tells the story of a boarding school student who falls in love with her teacher. The movie is based on “Maedchen in Uniform”, a German movie released in 1958. This paper aims at analyzing the perception of love, and in particular lesbian love, over the course of a century by dealing with the comparison between the two movies. What has changed and what keeps a similar position in terms of severe rules in the context of the boarding school environment, religion, physical and platonic love? What roles do the family and the teachers play? The teacher becomes an outcast in both movies, yet her character contains a dual and ambivalent role: lover and mother-figure at the same time. Is the microcosm of a boarding school representative for the developments registered in lesbian lives over the past decades and if so, at which extent? Does the movie as a medium reflect the shift in an appropriate manner?
Istanbul Crossroads Establishing Mutual Understanding and Inter-Cultural Dialog through Images
Authors: Akman Vedat
Published: October 2011

Their Slogan is “Young Entrepreneurs Hand by Hand with Young Film Directors”. The goal of “JCI Istanbul Crossroads” project with Junior Chamber International Istanbul is to celebrate the social, religious and cultural diversities rather than using them as a reason for conflict. This article aims to outline how short films made by young filmmakers around the world reflect and articulate the issues surrounding identities and diversity.
The ‘Return to Home’: The Musical Construction of a Common Trope in New Turkish Cinema
Authors: Hartley Paul
Published: October 2011

This article explores the musical component of a trope common in the films of the New Turkish Cinema. Examining scenes from four films, it outlines the dialectical struggle between the competing foci of identity enacted through the juxtaposition of urban and rural spaces, Eastern and Western socio-cultural signs, and the reclamation of a lost past. Of central importance is the treatment of how the musical scores tends to construct presentations that are paradoxical and often undo the nostalgia of these moments and how this affects the import of these moments in Turkish social life.
Bioactive Materials for Regenerative Medicine: Zeolite‐Hydroxyapatite Bone Mimetic Coatings
Authors: Bedi Rajwant Singh , Chow Gabriel , Wang Junlan , Zanello Laura , Yan Yushan S.
Published: October 2011

We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel zeolite‐hydroxyapatite composite coating on titanium alloys and stainless steel. The zeolite‐hydroxyapatite coating is superhydrophilic and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art Ti6Al4V alloys in corrosion resistance tests in aggressive pitting NaCl media, phosphate buffer solution with BSA protein, as well as highly complex DMEM cell culture media. And the composite coating also eliminates the elastic modulus mismatch between coating and bone. In addition, the composite coating has an osteoconductive and osteoinductive effect on hFOBs, indicating that it may enhance osteointegration of implants and speed up post‐surgical recovery, and thus reduce the need for recurring implant replacement surgeries. Replacing titanium with zeolite‐hydroxyapatite coated steel can also significantly reduce implant cost while improving implant lifespan.