bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La noción de experiencia en la obra de Edith Stein y su aporte para la comprensión de la relación entre el ser humano y Dios
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Teología, Núñez Durán Cristián
Published: March 2023

Esta tesis propone comprender la relación que el ser humano mantiene con Dios, a partir de los aportes que surgen del estudio de la noción de experiencia en la obra escrita de Edith Stein. Con ello, la investigación pretende ampliar los horizontes de la formación de la fe, trascendiendo la visión que la limita a un mero traspaso de contenidos doctrinales y morales. A través de la interpretación textual de los conceptos más significativos del corpus steiniano vinculados a la experiencia, en el contexto de un análisis histórico crítico, la tesis pone en diálogo constante filosofía y teología, con el fin de acceder a una visión amplia de la realidad, derivada del aporte de ambas disciplinas. En concreto, y basándose en la visión de Stein sobre la relación experiencial que el ser humano mantiene con el mundo físico, social e interior, el estudio asume diversas claves tanto antropológicas como filosóficas, para esclarecer la relación que se establece con Dios in statu viae; la cual se puede dar en el saber vivo y cálido que se obtiene de Él, por la fe, o en el sentimiento de su presencia al interior del alma, por medio de la experiencia sobrenatural.
A Case Report of Perioperative Jerks in a Patient Undergoing Cranioplasty under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Venkatesh Kumar , Arunkumar S , Parthasarathy S
Published: March 2023

After neurosurgical procedures, perioperative seizures are relatively common. It is extremely rare for a patient to experience intraoperative jerky movements while under General Anaesthesia (GA). The authors, hereby presented a 25-year-old male who was scheduled for cranioplasty. The routine investigations within normal limits and there were no preoperative morbidities. He was taking phenytoin. The procedure began with a routine GA with controlled ventilation using sevoflurane and vecuronium. After 45 minutes of uneventful intraoperative course, perioperatively, involuntary jerking movements of his arms and legs were observed, which resolved on their own. A muscle relaxant was given to prevent further episodes of muscle jerks, but they persisted for a few minutes. Except for a slight increase in blood pressure, all other parameters were normal. Following a smooth extubation around 90 minutes later, he was shifted to postoperative high dependency unit with stable vitals. Supplemental oxygen was administered via a simple facial mask. The patient had another episode of persistent jerky movements of his foot lasting for 30 seconds after 10 minutes with no loss of consciousness. One mg of intravenous midazolam was administered. The complete absence of a loss of consciousness goes against a seizure. The postoperative course was uneventful and a follow-up for two months was non contributory. It can be concluded that a combination of sevoflurane and phenytoin in a setting of a neurosurgical intervention could have possibly caused a jerky motion. This case is presented for its rarity.
Clinical and Radiological Features of Seizures in Children Admitted in the PICU at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North-eastern India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bhoktiari Monalisa , Basumatary Lakshya J , Rath Ashutosh , Das Mrinalini , Choudhary Gaurav
Published: March 2023

Introduction: A seizure is a brief change in normal electrical brain activity resulting in alterations in awareness, perception, behaviour, or movement, which affect persons of all ages, but are particularly common in childhood. Seizure is a serious neurological symptom in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), yet data on the clinical spectrum of seizures occurring in the PICU setting in India are scarce. Aim: To determine the aetiology, clinical and radiological features of seizures in critically ill children admitted to PICU at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India, from April 2017 to September 2018. A total of 253 children aged between 29 days to 12 years, admitted to PICU with seizures were enrolled in the study. Data regarding demographics, diagnosis, clinical seizures, associated diagnosis, Electroencephalogram (EEG) features, imaging, length of stay in PICU, and in-hospital mortality were collected. Data was presented in frequencies, mean, standard deviation. Results: In present study, male to female ratio was 1.5:1 with mean age of 48.9±44.5 months. The most common causes of seizures in PICU setting were acute symptomatic in 185 (73.1%) and epileptic in 68 (26.9%) patients. Central Nervous System (CNS) infections constituted 15.8% of the PICU admissions following seizures. Most frequent co-existent diagnosis at admission was infectious diseases in 96 (38%) patients, followed by pulmonary diseases in 28 (11%) and cardiologic diseases in 14 (5.5%). Conclusion: CNS infections are the most common cause of acute symptomatic seizure, while non infectious diseases such as metabolic disorders, epilepsy and immune disorders also contribute to seizure occurrence in PICU. Identification of common seizure aetiologies in PICU is important step for a prompt and effective treatment.
Microbiological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Pineapple Fruit and Its Juice for Compliance with Export Requirements
Authors: Adda Christiane , Latifou Akim Belco , Ahyi Virgile
Published: March 2023

Fruit juices are unfermented but probably fermentable fruit extracts, stored fresh and consumed around the world due to their great nutritional importance. The objective of this study wasto determine the pesticide residues, the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of pineapple juice and pineapple derivatives in Benin. The samples were taken from pineapple juice producers and pineapple producers. These samples were subjected to microbiological and physicochemical analyzes in the laboratory.

The results show that the average pH value of whole pineapple is 4.1228±0.0130. While and the average pH value of pineapple juice is 4.0762±0.0222. Whole pineapple samples had an average titratable acidity of 85.78±2.27. The pineapple juice samples had an average titratable acidity of 85.73±4.52. Imported whole pineapple samples were found to have the highest average concentration compared to pineapple juice (0.60±0.009 g/L). The average etephon concentration is higher in whole pineapple samples (0.76±0.05) than in pineapple juice samples (0.49±0.06). The average logarithmic contamination rate on whole pineapple samples is around 2.329 log10 CFU/g for FAMT, 0.18 log10 CFU/g for yeasts and molds and 0.014 log10 CFU/g for Staphylococcus aureus. Nevertheless, the average logarithmic contamination rate on whole pineapple samples is less than 10 log10 CFU/g respectively for Coliforms, Faecal Coliforms and E coli. The suspicion of salmonella was around 0% for whole pineapple samples.

While the average logarithmic contamination rate on pineapple juice samples is around 0.71 log10 CFU/ml for FAMT. Nevertheless, the average logarithmic contamination rate on pineapple juice samples is less than 10 log10 CFU/ml respectively for Coliforms, Faecal Coliforms, E coli, yeasts and molds and Staphylococcus aureus. The suspicion of salmonella is around 0% for the pineapple juice samples.

This study reveals that pineapple juice and pineapple derivatives contained various microflora, nutritional element and pesticide residues. It also notes that the microbiological and nutritional quality of pineapple juice and pineapple derivatives varies according to the producers and depends on the hygienic conditions of production.
A Discrete Analogue of Complementary Exponentiated-G Poisson Family of Distributions: Properties and Estimation
Authors: AL-Kashlan A. G. , Hegazy M. A. , EL-Helbawy A. A.
Published: March 2023

This paper presented a two discrete family of life distributions called discrete complementary exponentiated-G Poisson family and discrete Zubair-G family as a special case from discrete complementary exponentiated-G Poisson family. Some basic distributional properties are derived. Such as hazard rate, moments, quantiles, order statistics and Rényi Entropy. A special sub-model of the discrete Zubair-G family, called the discrete Zubair Weibull distribution is considered in detail. Discrete Zubair exponential distribution and discrete Zubair Rayleigh distribution are obtained as two special cases from discrete Zubair Weibull distribution. Method of maximum likelihood is used under Type-II censored samples for estimating the unknown parameters, survival, hazard rate and alternative hazard rate functions. Confidence intervals for the parameters are obtained. A simulation study is carried out to illustrate the theoretical results of the maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, the performance of the new distribution is compared with existing distributions using applications of three real data sets to show the suitability and flexibility of the proposed model.
Carcinoma en Cuirasse
Authors: Ibrahim Sarah A. , Wallis Luke S. , Reid David C.
Published: March 2023

This case report describes hyperpigmented, indurated, and sclerotic plaques on the anterior trunk and upper abdomen with overlying scale that were studded with firm, erythematous papules.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Ulcer Associated With Artificial Tears Eye Drops
Authors: Morelli Morgan K. , Kloosterboer Amy , Omar Ahmed F.
Published: March 2023

This case report describes vision loss in a 72-year-old woman following use of EzriCare eye drops.
Gradient Electrolyte Strategy Achieving Long‐Life Zinc Anodes
Authors: Lu Hongfei , Zhang Di , Jin Qianzheng , Zhang Zili , Lyu Nawei , Zhu Zhenjie , Duan Chenxu , Qin Yi , Jin Yang
Published: March 2023

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries are plagued by a short lifespan caused by localized dendrites. High‐concentration electrolytes are favorable for dense Zn deposition but have poor performance in batteries with glass‐fiber separators. In contrast, low‐concentration electrolytes can wet the separators well, ensuring the migration of zinc ions, but the dendrites grow rapidly. In this work, we propose an electrolyte gradient strategy wherein a zinc‐ion concentration gradient is established from the anode to the separator, ensuring that the separator keeps a good wettability in low‐concentration areas and the zinc anode achieves dendrite‐free deposition in a high‐concentration area. By using this strategy in a common electrolyte, zinc sulfate, a Zn||Zn symmetric cell achieves 14 000 ultralong cycles (exceeding 8 months) at 5 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. When the current is further increased to 20 mA cm−2, the symmetric cell could still run for over 10 000 cycles. Assembled Zn||NVO full cells also demonstrate prominent performance. At a high current of 16 mA cm−2, the NVO cathode with high loading (8 mg cm−2) still has a capacity of 58% after 1200 cycles. Overall, the gradient electrolyte strategy provides a promising approach for practical long‐life Zn anodes with the advantages of simple operation and low cost.
Electrochemical Silylation of Electron‐Deficient Heterocycles Using N‐Hydroxyphthalimide as HAT Catalyst
Authors: Jiang Cong , Liao Yujie , Li Heng , Zhang Sumin , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: March 2023

A practical electrochemical Minisci‐type reaction for the synthesis of silylated heterocycles is described. Using N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst and trialkylsilanes as the silyl radical sources, a wide range of electron‐deficient heterocycles in‐cluding quinoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, 3,6‐dichloropyridazine, phenanthridine, 6‐chloroimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine and coumarin, etc. were easily converted to the corresponding silylated products in 37–83% yields.

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Synthesis of N‐Substituted 4‐Quinolones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−N Coupling and Base‐Promoted Reactions
Authors: Pu Xiaoyun , Zhang Yaqi , He Xiaobo , Zhang Xinhuan , Jiang Long , Cao Rihui , Kin Tse Man , Qiu Liqin
Published: March 2023

A highly efficient palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of N‐substituted 4‐quinolones was developed via C−N coupling reaction. Various chiral quinolones were readily obtained with desirable enantioselectivity (up to 95% ee) and excellent yield (up to 99%), enabled by a simple system of palladium acetate and chiral ferrocene bisphosphine as auxiliary ligand. The corresponding racemic derivatives can also be synthesized by a transition metal‐free strategy of potassium hydroxide in DMSO. The influence of temperature on the configurational stability of these C−N axially chiral compounds was also investigated. The efficient functionalization at 3‐position further expands the application range of this synthetic technique.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among American veterans
Authors: Cheng Yan , Zamrini Edward , Faselis Charles , Redd Douglas , Shao Yijun , Morgan Charity J. , Sheriff Helen M. , Ahmed Ali , Kokkinos Peter , Zeng‐Treitler Qing
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with improved health and survival. Less is known about its association with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Methods

We identified 649,605 US veterans 30 to 95 years of age and free of ADRD who completed a standardized exercise tolerance test between 2000 and 2017 with no evidence of ischemia. We examined the association between five age‐ and sex‐specific CRF categories and ADRD incidence using multivariate Cox regression models.

Results

During up to 20 (median 8.3) years of follow‐up, incident ADRD occurred in 44,105 (6.8%) participants, with an incidence rate of 7.7/1000 person‐years. Compared to the least‐fit, multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident ADRD were: 0.87 (0.85–0.90), 0.80 (0.78–0.83), 0.74 (0.72–0.76), and 0.67 (0.65–0.70), for low‐fit, moderate‐fit, fit, and high‐fit individuals, respectively.

Disscussion

These findings demonstrate an independent, inverse, and graded association between CRF and incident ADRD. Future studies may determine the amount and duration of physical activity needed to optimize ADRD risk reduction.
Targeting amyloid β in Alzheimer's disease: Meta‐analysis of low‐dose solanezumab in Alzheimer's disease with mild dementia studies
Authors: Holdridge Karen C. , Yaari Roy , Hoban Deirdre B. , Andersen Scott , Sims John R.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Solanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the mid‐domain of soluble amyloid β peptide. This meta‐analysis evaluated the effect of low‐dose solanezumab on clinical progression in three phase 3 studies.

Methods

The population comprised patients aged ≥55 years with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with mild dementia, randomized to 400 mg solanezumab or placebo every 4 weeks for 80 weeks. Frequentist mixed‐model repeated‐measures (MMRM) and Bayesian disease progression model (DPM) longitudinal analyses were conducted.

Results

Pooled MMRM analyses showed a statistically significant effect of solanezumab across cognitive and functional outcome measures. DPM results were generally consistent with MMRM results, ranging from 15% to 30% slowing of clinical progression.

Discussion

These analyses suggest low‐dose solanezumab slows clinical progression of AD with mild dementia. The ongoing A4 solanezumab study in participants with preclinical AD will ascertain the effect of a higher dose of solanezumab in an earlier disease stage.

Highlights

Individual EXPEDITION studies were negative but suggest low‐dose solanezumab had an effect in slowing the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with mild dementia.

At 80 weeks, mixed‐model repeated‐measures analyses showed numeric reductions in measures of clinical decline in solanezumab‐treated arms compared with placebo across almost every outcome measure, and statistical significance in multiple outcome measures in each study.

Pooled analyses suggest a high probability that low‐dose solanezumab has at least some effect on slowing the clinical progression of AD with mild dementia.

Across cognitive and functional outcome measures, estimates from disease progression model analyses range from 15% to 30% slowing of decline with low‐dose solanezumab in AD with mild dementia.
A Hydrogel Microneedle Assay Combined with Nucleic Acid Probes for On‐Site Detection of Small Molecules and Proteins
Authors: Keyvani Fatemeh , Zheng Hanjia , Kaysir Md. R. , Mantaila Dragos F. , Ghavami Nejad Peyman , Rahman Fasih A. , Quadrilatero Joe , Ban Dayan , Poudineh Mahla
Published: March 2023

Point‐of‐care testing (POCT) of clinical biomarkers is critical to health monitoring and timely treatment, yet biosensing assays capable of detecting biomarkers without the need for costly external equipment and reagents are limited. Blood‐based assays are, specifically, challenging as blood collection is invasive and follow‐upprocessing is required. Here, we report a versatile assay that employs hydrogel microneedles (HMNs) to extract interstitial fluid (ISF), in a minimally invasive manner integrated with graphene oxide‐nucleic acid (GO.NA)‐based fluorescence biosensor to sense the biomarkers of interest in situ. The HMN‐GO.NA assay is supplemented with a portable detector, enabling a complete POCT procedure. Our system could successfully measure four clinically important biomarkers (glucose, uric acid (UA), insulin, and serotonin) ex vivo, in addition, to accurately detecting glucose and UA in vivo.
Hidden in the photograph: The myth of complete metabolic coverage possible in metabolomics investigations
Authors: Naman C. Benjamin , Puthiyedathu Sajeevan Thavarool , Poulin ChaeYeon C. , Poulin Remington X.
Published: March 2023

Since the late 1970s, many ‘omics‐style investigations have advanced our understanding of systems at all levels, from community level, through organismal, to individual cellular processes. Beginning with genomics and progressing through transcriptomics, proteomics and finally to metabolomics, the scope of interest shifts significantly from what is genetically possible to what is currently expressed, produced and measurable in a system. While the ideal goal of any ‘omics investigation is to fully describe a system, loss of information occurs at each decision‐making juncture. These losses are often not considered in the experimental planning stage but, when combined, they drastically affect the power of an investigation and the conclusions that can be drawn from it. Herein we discuss through the analogy of photography many of the decision‐making junctures of metabolomics investigations and the resultant losses of information occurring at each.
Copper(II) pseudoatrane appended heterobimetallic 2D‐MOF: A multi‐functional material with catalytic and sensing properties
Authors: Datta Agrima , Guleria Mamta , Kumar Keshav , Agarwal Jyoti , Singh Raghubir , Kaur Varinder
Published: March 2023

A maiden two‐dimensional atrane‐based heterobimetallic MOF (2) was constructed employing a novel tripodal ligand N{CH2COOH}2{CH2(2‐t‐Bu‐4‐CH3‐C6H2‐OH)} (1). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction depicted the formation of [4.3.3.01,5] pseudoatrane cage in which copper(II) ions attained trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Besides, the co‐existing sodium(I) ions acquired a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry produced by methanol molecules and free carboxylate sites of the ligand. This compound is the first of its kind where the sequential binding of copper(II) pseudoatrane cage and hepta‐coordinated sodium ion generated a heterobimetallic metal–organic framework with a sheet‐like structure. The TEM and SEM images of the MOF having stability up to 250°C revealed the formation of spherical structures (~78 nm) with flower‐like morphology. The heterobimetallic 2D‐MOF was proved to be a multifunctional material as it successfully catalysed Friedel–Craft's alkylation of Indole with beta‐nitrostyrene as well as utilised for the efficient detection of toxic brominated flame retardants through spectrophotometric and colorimetric studies. Remarkably, the best catalysis results were seen using DCM as a solvent, and the alkylation product obtained from the reaction of 2‐methylindole with 2‐Br‐β‐nitrostyrene showed an extraordinary yield of 98%. Besides, the 2D‐MOF showed a selective response with pentabromophenol, and tetrabromophthalic anhydride with quenching in peak on the addition of TBPA while shifting of the peak was observed from 457 to 402 nm with PBP. The practical application of the MOF was explored by its successful incorporation into portable silica strips for on‐the‐spot detection of BFRs.
Design and synthesis of γ‐Fe2O3@Ag‐S‐CH2‐COOH nanocatalyst for one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones and their anti‐skin cancer activity
Authors: Gurav Akshay Pandurang , Gurav Rutikesh Pandit , Zond Rutuja Ramesh , Satyanarayan Nayak Devappa , Belur Nippu Ningegowda , Hangirgekar Shankar Poshatti
Published: March 2023

The ongoing work describes the catalytic evaluation of γ‐Fe2O3@Ag‐S‐CH2‐COOH magnetic nanoparticles utilizing γ‐Fe2O3obtained from waste iron rust for one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones. As‐prepared γ‐Fe2O3@Ag‐S‐CH2‐COOH nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. The catalytic performance of greener γ‐Fe2O3@Ag‐S‐CH2‐COOH nanoparticles was utilized in the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones. The excellent catalytic performance was shown by magnetic nanoparticles in addition to its ease of separation by an external magnet and can be recycled for five consecutive turns without significant loss of catalytic activity. Furthermore, the synthesized 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones were confirmed by FT‐IR,1H,13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the synthesized 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones were evaluated for their anticancer efficiency against the human skin cancer cell line B16F10 along with molecular docking investigation.
Do they know what they know? Accuracy in teacher candidates' self‐assessments and its influencing factors
Authors: Ernst Helen M. , Wittwer Jörg , Voss Thamar
Published: March 2023

Although self‐assessing one's knowledge is an integral part of a teacher's professional development, little is known about the accuracy of teacher candidates' self‐assessments. In particular, not much attention has been paid to their self‐assessment accuracy assessed on an individual level. Using measures from research on metacognition, we investigated the accuracy and bias of 513 mathematics teacher candidates who were tested in and self‐assessed their professional knowledge in the three core domains of mathematical content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. In addition, we examined the consistency of self‐assessment accuracy across the three knowledge domains and its relation to personal characteristics such as cognitive ability, personality traits and occupational self‐efficacy. Results showed that in all three domains of professional knowledge, most teacher candidates were either over‐ or underconfident in their knowledge and unaware of their strengths and weaknesses. Cognitive ability reduced the risk of being overconfident, whereas self‐efficacy was predictive of overconfidence. The Big Five personality traits were not systematically connected to self‐assessment accuracy, and variance in self‐assessment accuracy is still to be explained by further research. We address shortcomings of measures that are commonly used in self‐assessment research and advocate for the use of metacognitive methods in future studies that focus on teacher self‐assessments.
Exploration of lipidic prodrug‐loaded oil depot system for intramuscular prolonged delivery of entecavir
Authors: Jeong Min Young , Ho Myoung Jin , Choi Min‐Koo , Han Young Taek , Choi Yong Seok , Kang Myung Joo
Published: March 2023

Entecavir (EV) is a first‐line antiretroviral agent to treat chronic hepatitis B. However, its oral administration is challenging, due to food effect on intestinal absorption. Therefore, in order to afford improved patient's compliance, a novel long‐acting injectable oil depot (OD) system of entecavir‐3‐palmiate (EV‐P), a lipidic ester prodrug of EV, was formulated. The OD consisted of oleic acid and benzyl alcohol as oily vehicles, with a suitable viscosity (38.6 centipoise with shear rate of 1 s−1). The prodrug was gradually released from the OD under sink conditions, providing delayed liberation than that by the hydrophilic parent compound. Following the intramuscular injection in rats, EV‐P OD provided a markedly protracted EV profile compared to oral EV; the EV levels in plasma were expanded over 2 weeks, with elimination half‐life of about 7 days. Therefore, we concluded that EV‐P OD can be a promising approach for a prolonged delivery of EV.
Graphene nanotube array assists all‐wood supercapacitors to access high energy density and stability
Authors: Yuan Ruimei , Yin Xuemin , Xue Bei , Chang Jingjing , Wei Wei , Li Hejun
Published: March 2023

Porous carbons with advanced nanostructures and volumetric performance are particularly attractive and essential for miniature supercapacitors to access high energy densities and capacitances, both for portable electronics and massive electrical equipments. However, the electrochemical performances and the pore structure are closely bound up, both restricted by pore volume and pore density. Herein, the wood slice (~0.7 mm) with the periodic porous structure is chosen as the basic framework with rich macropores and the graphene nanotube array (GNTA) with mesopores is used as an intermediate structure in situ synthesized to form the substructure in macropores; therefore, the biomass and nanotube array together construct a porous carbon with hierarchical pores and large surface area. On this basis, Cu‐Co oxides are coated on the surface of the pores, to increase the capacitance of electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Because of the GNTA, the specific surface area increases from 38.2 to 1086.0 m2 g−1, which is quite helpful for the deposition of Cu‐Co oxide nanosheets and effectively alleviates their typical self‐stacking phenomenon. Meanwhile, the GNTA creates multiscale pores that served as channels for the rapid electron transfer and ion shuttling; as a result, the resistance obviously induces and capacitance increased by 131% (from 323.4 to 747.5 mF cm−2). For the assembled all‐wood asymmetric supercapacitor, the specific capacitance is 151.2 F g−1 (1 A g−1), the energy density is 53.8 Wh kg−1 with a power density of 900 W kg−1, and the specific capacitance remains extremely stable during the cycling. Our work provides a practical structure–design strategy for high‐performance supercapacitors.
Synergistic ferroptosis‐starvation therapy for bladder cancer based on hyaluronic acid modified metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Yu , Xie Kunfeng , Chen Wei , Fang Yunze , Mo Qixin , Zhang Henghui , Zhao Xinlei , Li Dongqing , Tan Wanlong , Zhao Peng , Li Fei
Published: March 2023

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. Metastasis and recurrence of BCa are the leading causes of poor prognosis, and only a few patients can benefit from current first‐line treatments such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It is urgent to develop more effective therapeutic method with low side effects. Here, a cascade nanoreactor, ZIF‐8/PdCuAu/GOx@HA (ZPG@H), is proposed for starvation therapy and ferroptosis of BCa. The ZPG@H nanoreactor was constructed by co‐encapsulation of PdCuAu nanoparticles and glucose oxidase into zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) modified by hyaluronic acid. The vitro results indicated that ZPG@H enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial depolarization in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the integrated advantages of starvation therapy and chemodynamic therapy endow ZPG@H with a perfect ferroptosis inducing ability. This effectiveness, combined with its excellent biocompatibility and biosafety, means that ZPG@H could make a critical contribution to the development of novel BCa treatments.
‘From their own words’: A co‐produced study interpreting children and young people's experiences of emotional abuse and neglect expressed in anonymous, online peer‐peer message forums
Authors: Bennett Vanessa , Gill Chloe , Miller Pam , Sayers Clara ,   NeurOX YPAG members, Appleton Jane V.
Published: March 2023

This naturalistic study researched online help‐seeking conversations between children and young people (CYP) experiencing emotional abuse and/or neglect and their peers. We believe this is the first study internationally to perform such research. Engagement with anonymous, online communities potentially offer children a source of knowledge and a platform to express and understand their experiences with peers on their own terms, using their own words. This study, co‐produced with 10 young co‐researchers (YCoR) (aged 14–18 years), aimed to explore the experiences, psychological characteristics and interactions of CYP engaging with an online peer‐peer message board service to explore theoretical and methodological approaches to examine such ‘real world’ data and inform service evaluation. Incorporating contextualised interpretations by the YCoR, a phenomenological approach explored how the experiences of abuse were constructed and questioned by CYP in online texts, and what motivates help‐seeking. Findings detail the context of CYPs emotionally abusive or neglectful experiences, their language, disclosed mental health challenges, explicit and inferred help‐seeking motivations. The co‐produced methodology facilitated a nuanced interpretation of CYPs' experiences to convey the impacts of emotional abuse and neglect disclosed in this anonymous environment. Validation with YCoR with diverse experiences would facilitate further translation of findings.
Phenylalanine Residues Are Very Rapidly Damaged by Nitrate Radicals (NO3⋅) in an Aqueous Environment
Authors: Nathanael Joses G. , Wille Uta
Published: March 2023

Kinetic studies revealed that nitrate radicals (NO3⋅), which are formed through reaction of the noxious air pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2⋅) and ozone (O3), very rapidly oxidize phenylalanine residues in an aqueous environment, with overall rate coefficients in the 108–109 M−1 s−1 range. With amino acids and dipeptides as model systems, the data suggest that the reaction proceeds via a π‐complex between NO3⋅ and the aromatic ring in Phe, which subsequently decays into a charge transfer (CT) complex. The stability of the π‐complex is sequence‐dependent and is increased when Phe is at the N terminus of the dipeptide. Computations revealed that the considerably more rapid radical‐induced oxidation of Phe residues in both neutral and acidic aqueous environments, compared to acetonitrile, can be attributed to stabilization of the CT complex by the protic solvent; this clearly highlights the health‐damaging potential of exposure to combined NO2⋅ and O3.
Design and Synthesis of a Mitochondrial‐Targeted JNK Inhibitor and Its Protective Effect on Parkinson's Disease Phenotypes
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Zhang Duoteng , Du Fangning , An Weizhen , Ge Jingyan , Yu Changmin , Yang Naidi , Zhang Chengwu , Lim Kahleong , Li Lin
Published: March 2023

C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is a key mediator involved in a variety of physiological processes. JNK activation is regulated in a complex manner by upstream kinases and phosphatases, and plays an important role in physiological processes such as the immune response and neuronal function. Therefore, JNK has become a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, arthritis and other diseases. Inhibition of JNK activation in mitochondria holds great potential for Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. However, no specific mitochondrial‐targeted JNK inhibitor has been reported. We have developed a mitochondrial‐targeted JNK inhibitor, P2, by linking a mitochondrial‐specific cell‐penetrating peptide to SP600125 (SP), a commercialized specific inhibitor of JNK. We found that P2 specifically inhibited mitochondrial JNK phosphorylation instead of nuclear JNK signaling. Further studies showed that P2 effectively rescued PD phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo, thus indicating that it is a potential therapeutic for PD.
The Wild‐Type tRNA Adenosine Deaminase Enzyme TadA Is Capable of Sequence‐Specific DNA Base Editing
Authors: Ranzau Brodie L. , Rallapalli Kartik L. , Evanoff Mallory , Paesani Francesco , Komor Alexis C.
Published: March 2023

Base editors are genome editing tools that enable site‐specific base conversions through the chemical modification of nucleobases in DNA. Adenine base editors (ABEs) convert A ⋅ T to G ⋅ C base pairs in DNA by using an adenosine deaminase enzyme to modify target adenosines to inosine intermediates. Due to the lack of a naturally occurring adenosine deaminase that can modify DNA, ABEs were evolved from a tRNA‐deaminating enzyme, TadA. Previous experiments with an ABE comprising a wild‐type (wt) TadA showed no detectable activity on DNA, and directed evolution was therefore required to enable this enzyme to accept DNA as a substrate. Here we show that wtTadA can perform base editing in DNA in both bacterial and mammalian cells, with a strict sequence motif requirement of TAC. We leveraged this discovery to optimize a reporter assay to detect base editing levels as low as 0.01 %. Finally, we used this assay along with molecular dynamics simulations of full ABE:DNA complexes to better understand how the sequence recognition of mutant TadA variants change as they accumulate mutations to better edit DNA substrates.
Role of Titanium in Ti/SiO2‐Supported Metallocene‐based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Part 2: Particle Fragmentation
Authors: Zanoni Silvia , Nikolopoulos Nikolaos , Welle Alexandre , Cirriez Virginie , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: March 2023

A commercial SiO2 modified by the addition of a TiO2 layer on its surface and pore walls offers a support for metallocene‐based ethylene polymerization catalysts with a 35 % improved catalytic activity. The effect of such support modification on the catalyst particle fragmentation during polymerization reactions were assessed. This was performed by exposing the internal cross‐section of several SiO2 and Ti/SiO2‐based metallocene catalyst particles, polymerized at a wide range of reaction conditions, with a Focused‐Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB‐SEM), followed by a semi‐quantitative analysis of polymer, catalyst and macropores of each 2D image obtained. The titanation of the SiO2 lead to a support framework that fractures earlier and more efficiently. This was evidenced by the presence of several empty (polymer‐free) cracks along the support dense‐shell, found more extensively in the Ti‐modified polymerized catalyst particle, which also resulted in a more sustained polymerized particles macroporosity during the course of the reaction.
Amino‐Acid Based Chiral Trisubstituted Benzimidazole Supramolecules: Synthesis and Self‐Assembling Behavior
Authors: Mizukoshi Takato , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Sanda Fumio
Published: March 2023

Trisubstituted 1,3,5‐tri(benzimidazolyl)benzene derivatives were synthesized from l‐alanine, l‐valine, d‐valine and glycine, and their self‐assembling behavior and stimuli‐response in solution and gel states were evaluated. Circular dichroism/UV‐vis absorption spectroscopic and dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that the compounds formed H‐aggregates via intramolecular hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking interactions in nonpolar solvents such as CHCl3, whereas collapse of the aggregates was confirmed by MeOH addition. Quantum mechanical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations also supported aggregation in CHCl3. Rheological analysis and morphology observation revealed the formation of a fibril like structure by further assembling of aggregates at a high concentration in CHCl3.
[3+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Cyclopropane and Hydroxylamines via Isocynate Intermediate to γ‐Lactams
Authors: Huang Xiaobing , Yu Jingxun , Luan Xinjun
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A general and efficient strategy for the synthesis of γ‐lactams has been reported. The hydroxylamines form Lossen rearrangement products of electron‐deficient group migration with base and then undergo [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with vinyl cyclopropane, which could be performed with broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance and high efficiency to produce the desired products. It also allowed further modification to other derivatives of these γ‐lactams.
THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review
Authors: Pant Rashmi , Malviya Leeladhar
Published: March 2023

Terahertz (0.1–10 THz) wireless communication will be the future technology to reach a top‐notch data rate. THz is one of the most promising candidates for 6G systems because it provides enormous bandwidth, up to 100 GHz, and a massive data rate of up to 1 Tbps. THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antenna arrays in 6G are hot research topics for implementing 6G wireless communication systems. The 6G aims to continue to enhance the features of the 5G as it is capable of achieving the maximum high‐speed data rate, excellent reliable communication, massive connectivity, and very low latency connectivity. The 6G requirements need high‐gain antenna arrays and MIMO antenna arrays to combat the effect of atmospheric losses in high frequencies. An in‐depth discussion of the planar THz antennas that have been extensively used in THz applications like imaging, sensing, and Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) has been conducted. The study of the THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antennas on different conducting materials such as copper and graphene, which are designed on different dielectric substrates such as polyimide, quartz, liquid crystalline polymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene, has been carried out in detail. Metamaterial, photoconductive, plasmonic antennas, and THz beamforming are significant parts of THz communications. This paper also provides antennas and antenna arrays based on them.
Us, them, and the others: Testing for discrimination amongst outgroups in a single‐piece nesting termite,Zootermopsis angusticollis
Authors: Padget Rebecca F. B. , Cant Michael A. , Thompson Faye J.
Published: March 2023

Recognition of group members is an important adaptation in social organisms because it allows help to be directed toward kin or individuals that are likely to reciprocate, and harm to be directed toward members of competing groups. Evidence in a wide range of animals shows that responses to outgroups vary with context, suggesting that cues to group membership also depend on the social or environmental context. In termites, intergroup encounters are frequent and their outcomes highly variable, ranging from destruction of a colony to colony fusion. As well as genetic factors, nestmate recognition in social insects commonly relies on cues that are mediated by environmental factors such as food source. However, single‐piece nesting termite colonies share nesting material and food source with rival colonies (their wood substrate serves as both). In principle, the shared environment of single‐piece nesting termite colonies could constrain their ability to identify non‐nestmates, contributing to some of the variation seen in encounters, but this has not been investigated. In this study, we raised incipient colonies of a single‐piece nesting termite,Zootermopsis angusticollis, on two different wood types and conducted behavioral assays to test whether nestmate discrimination can be constrained by common environmental conditions. We found that non‐nestmates elicited higher rates of identity checking and defense behavior compared to nestmates, but there was no effect of wood type on the strength of behavioral responses to non‐nestmates. We also found that one key cooperative behavior (allogrooming) was performed equally toward both nestmates and non‐nestmates. These findings offer no support for the hypothesis that common wood type constrains the nestmate recognition system of single piece nesting termites. We suggest that where groups encounter each other frequently in a common environment, selection will favor discrimination based on genetic and/or higher resolution environmentally mediated cues.
Importance of tree diameter and species for explaining the temporal and spatial variations of xylem water δ18O and δ2H in a multi‐species forest
Authors: Fresne Maëlle , Chun Kwok P. , Hrachowitz Markus , McGuire Kevin J. , Schoppach Remy , Klaus Julian
Published: March 2023

Identifying the vegetation and topographic variables influencing the isotopic variability of xylem water of forest vegetation remains crucial to interpret and predict ecohydrological processes in landscapes. In this study, we used temporally and spatially distributed xylem stable water isotopes measurements from two growing seasons to examine the temporal and spatial variations of xylem stable water isotopes and their relationships with vegetation and topographic variables in a Luxembourgish temperate mixed forest. Species‐specific temporal variations of xylem stable water isotopes were observed during both growing seasons with a higher variability for beeches than oaks. Principal component regressions revealed that tree diameter at breast height explains up to 55% of the spatial variability of xylem stable water isotopes, while tree species explains up to 24% of the variability. Topographic variables had a marginal role in explaining the spatial variability of xylem stable water isotopes (up to 6% for elevation). During the drier growing season (2020), we detected a higher influence of vegetation variables on xylem stable water isotopes and a lower temporal variability of the xylem water isotopic signatures than during the wetter growing season (2019). Our results reveal the dominant influence of vegetation on xylem stable water isotopes across a forested area and suggest that their spatial patterns arise mainly from size‐ and species‐specific as well as water availability‐dependent water use strategies rather than from topographic heterogeneity. The identification of the key role of vegetation on xylem stable water isotopes has critical implications for the representativity of isotopes‐based ecohydrological and catchments studies.
Exploitation competition between seed predators and dispersers introduced toHawaiian forests
Authors: Case Samuel B. , Tarwater Corey E.
Published: March 2023

Exploitation competition occurs when one group of organisms reduces the availability of a resource for another group of organisms. For instance, plants produce a certain number of fruits for seed dispersal by fruit‐eating animals (hereafter frugivores), and fruit consumption by one group of frugivores can reduce the number of fruits available for other frugivores. However, it is uncertain whether exploitation competition is common among frugivores, particularly in novel ecosystems, where food resources are generally thought to be abundant and invasive species are dietary generalists. In a novel ecosystem in Hawai‘i, we used gut passage experiments with captive birds to identify roles of introduced frugivores and found they were either distinctly seed dispersers or predators. We then experimentally tested how frugivory by seed predators influenced frugivory by seed dispersers. Specifically, we used exclosures around fruiting plants that blocked seed predator access, while permitting seed disperser access, and we had two control treatments that allowed for access by all frugivores (n = 139 plants). When seed predators were excluded from plants, there was more frugivory by dispersers compared to controls, and results varied by year and plant species. Overall, we show that introduced frugivores occupied distinct ecological roles (seed predator or seed disperser), exploitation competition occurred between these introduced frugivore groups, and seed predators had both direct (via seed destruction) and indirect (via reduction in frugivory by dispersers) effects on seed dispersal. Thus, in this novel ecosystem, multiple frugivory is subtractive, and competition for fruit between introduced seed predators and seed dispersers scales up to affect invasions and the conservation of native flora.
Multiobjective Gas Distribution Optimization of Natural Gas Pipeline Network Considering User Satisfaction under Shortage Conditions
Authors: Zhou Jun , Ma Junjie , Shen Qifeng , Wang Tao , Liu Shitao , Tu Duoyun , Liang Guangchuan
Published: March 2023

The management of natural gas user daily designation is taken as the background, the characteristics of users are considered, the distribution mode is integrated, and a multiobjective distribution optimization model of natural gas pipeline network under the insufficient condition is constructed. The decision variable is the actual gas distribution volume of users, aiming to minimize the energy consumption of the compressor station and maximize the user satisfaction under multiple physical constraints. Comparing the solution schemes, when the user satisfaction is the same, scheme 4 solved by the optimization method reduces the compressor energy consumption by 8.6% compared with scheme 1 solved by the manual adjustment method. The three optimization solutions are compared and contrasted, the differences in the operation of the pipeline network are analyzed in different optimization solutions, and the changes of the compressor operating parameters with the increase of user satisfaction are expounded. By analyzing the influence of flow distribution among different types of natural gas users on user satisfaction, it is clarified that the two goals of natural gas user satisfaction and pipeline network operation energy consumption are mutually restrictive.
Optimization of Electrochemical Presodiation Parameters of Na‐Ion Full Cells for Stable Solid–Electrolyte Interface Formation: Hard Carbon Rods from Waste Firefighter Suits
Authors: Yalman Emine , Altundag Sebahat , Aydın Mustafa Goktan , Onal Yunus , Depci Tolga , Tekbas Hasan , Bulut Fatih , Yaşar Sedat , Altin Serdar
Published: March 2023

Utilizing the synthetic waste of firefighter costumes, rod‐shaped hard carbon materials are effectively produced for the first time with over 99% purity, and their structural properties are evaluated using the appropriate spectroscopic techniques. The galvanostatic cycling tests are performed at different temperatures and the result shows that the capacity and capacity fade values are directly affected by the temperature. The high‐rate consumption of sodium ions during the evolution of the solid–electrolyte interface in the first cycle of the cells is observed and the highest capacity of the half cells is obtained as 410 and 233 mAh g−1 for the first and second cycles, respectively. To compensate for the sodium‐ion loss, an electrochemical treatment presodiation technique is implemented, which is an effective means of compensating for the initial inefficiency. The optimum presodiation condition of electrochemical treatment of anode electrode for the production of Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.45Ti0.07O2/presodiated hard carbon full cells is investigated. The highest capacity values for C/10 are obtained at 114.9 mAh g−1 for the full cells using the voltage window of 2–4 V. The cost analysis of the battery pack for 90 kW electric‐powered cars is calculated by the BatPaC software and the results are evaluated for possible commercialization.