bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient Apical Breakdown: Incidence, Pathogenesis, and Healing
Authors: Tsukiboshi Mitsuhiro , Berlin‐Broner Yuli , Levin Liran
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims

Transient apical breakdown (TAB) is a phenomenon that indicates temporary apical periodontal destruction and root resorption after tooth luxation injuries, followed by the healing process of the dental pulp. Andreasen in 1986, reported that TAB was seen in approximately 4.2% of all luxation injuries. However, there have been no reports thereafter on the types and frequency of the luxation traumatic injuries in which TAB occurs. Therefore, this retrospective study was aimed to assess the incidence and pathogenesis of dental trauma‐induced TAB and to suggest a possible mechanism of subsequent healing based on a series of cases.

Methods

Data analysis included mature teeth (n = 56) of 49 patients aged 9–30 years who presented in a private dental office over a period of 10 years (2012–2022) to investigate the incidence and healing sequala of TAB.

Results

TAB was observed in 43.8% of subluxation, 62.5% of extrusive luxation, and 75% of lateral luxation injuries. The average age of patients who developed TAB was 14.5 years, ranging from 9 to 28 years old.

Conclusions

TAB can be expected in many cases of luxation injuries with minimal dislocation. Therefore, mild injuries (subluxation, extrusion, and lateral luxation), may exhibit spontaneous healing, recovery of dark discoloration of the crown, disappearance of a periapical radiolucent lesion and return to normal response to EPT as long as 12 months after the traumatic injury. Thus, a decision to perform endodontic treatment in these cases might be postponed until clear evidence for an infection exists.
Roadmap for improving coral reef restoration practices in Southeast Asia
Authors: Cvitanovic Christopher , Acedera Mari‐Ann M. , Samonte Preciosa C. , Baria‐Rodriguez Maria Vanessa , Cabaitan Patrick , Dzung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Binh Nguyen Thanh , Luyen Nguyen Hanh , Bat Nguyen Khac , Tran Nam Anh , Wibowo Arif , Roeroe Mi Pingkan Katharina , Muawanah Umi , Camp Emma F. , Chartrand Kathryn M. , Diedrich Amy , Donnelly Ryan , Bee Cameron , Fabinyi Michael , Scott Abigail L. , van Putten Ingrid
Published: October 2024

Coral reefs directly support the well‐being of millions of people across Southeast Asia, however, these critical ecosystems are also under immense pressure, threatening their sustainability. Coral reef restoration has emerged as a promising strategy to contribute to safeguarding these critical ecosystems and securing the socioeconomic benefits they provide to local communities across the region. In this paper, we present the outcomes of a week‐long of deliberations between policymakers, research funders, practitioners and scientists from Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and Australia, which identified four strategies for building improved capacity for coral reef restoration in Southeast Asia; (i) the creation of a learning network, (ii) addressing critical research needs, (iii) improved approaches to communication and engagement to diverse audiences and (iv) the establishment of sustainable funding mechanisms. These strategies are discussed in detail with a view of providing a roadmap to help support coral reef restoration processes across Southeast Asia.
Psychosocial Aspects of the Lived Experience of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Eberhardt Judith , Gibson Benjamin , Portman Robert M. , Carthy Nikki , Rowlands Sam , Batchelor Rachel , Kane Laura , Kılınç Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite increasing recognition of long COVID, the psychosocial impacts of the lived experience on individuals remain underexplored. This systematic review sought to fill this gap by identifying key themes that describe the psychosocial dimensions of long COVID.

Objective

The aim of this study is to identify key themes illustrating the psychosocial aspects of individuals' lived experience of long COVID.

Search Strategy

Searches were conducted in multiple databases and grey literature sources for qualitative studies published between November 2019 and June 2024.

Inclusion Criteria

Eligible studies involved adult participants self‐reporting long COVID. The studies needed to provide qualitative data that could be synthesised thematically.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data extraction and thematic synthesis were conducted by at least two independent reviewers at each stage. Quality appraisal was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.

Results

The review included 34 studies. Thematic synthesis yielded five themes: ‘Debilitation’, ‘Uncertainty’, ‘Sources of Support’, ‘Meaning Making: Adjusting to a New Normal’ and ‘Experiences with Healthcare Services’. Individuals with long COVID reported experiencing physical, economic, and social challenges. Uncertainty and scepticism from others caused anxiety. Support from healthcare services, friends and online groups played an important role. Acceptance and gratitude were found to be meaningful in adjusting to the new normal. Experiences with healthcare services varied.

Discussion and Conclusions

This review provides valuable insights into the psychosocial impact of long COVID, highlighting the profound changes and challenges that individuals face. Healthcare services should adopt a holistic approach to integrate psychosocial support within their management strategies, to improve overall patient outcomes.
Examining the Influence of Health‐Related Quality of Life on Job Satisfaction Among Nurses in Kazakhstan
Authors: Seryakova Katarina , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Nadirbekova Gulnur , Colet Paolo , Almazan Joseph
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study evaluated health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and job satisfaction among Kazakh nurses and investigated the relationship between HRQOL and job satisfaction.

Background

Nurses' HRQOL may, directly and indirectly, affect their job satisfaction, which could subsequently result in poorer productivity and quality patient care.

Methods

A cross‐sectional research design utilizing a standardized questionnaire was employed among 615 nurses working at the University Medical Center in Astana, Kazakhstan.

Results

Nurses generally reported moderate HRQOL and low job satisfaction. Marital status and the number of children were significant predictors of high HRQOL. Married nurses had lower job satisfaction than single nurses. Nurses' number of children contributed to an increase in job satisfaction. Experiencing better environmental health may lead to greater general, intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction among nurses. Positive physical health is associated with higher levels of extrinsic and general job satisfaction. Better social health is linked to better intrinsic and general job satisfaction, whereas positive psychological health is related to better intrinsic job satisfaction.

Conclusion

This investigation provided evidence of the influence of HRQOL on nurses' job satisfaction in Kazakhstan. Healthcare facilities can create organizational cultures and working environments that prioritize the well‐being of healthcare workers.
Public attitudes towards immigrants: A curious case of Croatia
Authors: Strabac Zan , Valenta Marko , Bell David Andreas
Published: October 2024

The Croatian population has been subjected to violent ethnic conflicts during the war in the 1990s and has more recently experienced large‐scale irregular and refugee migrations, as well as a notable increase in regular labour migration. Using data from the most recent wave of the European Social Survey, we have conducted an analysis of Croatian attitudes towards immigrants. Our study found that, despite Croatia's history of ethnic conflict and ongoing changes in its migration system, the Croatian population still exhibits relatively low levels of negative attitudes towards immigrants compared to other Eastern European countries. With regards to individual determinants of attitudes, one of the biggest surprizes is that political party preferences play a minor role in explaining attitudes towards immigrants. We discuss our findings and conclude that there is an urgent need for better theoretical and empirical framework for understanding illiberal tendencies in Eastern European societies, particularly within the current context of rapidly worsening security situation in Europe.
Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Signalling Inhibition Suppresses Th1‐Like Treg Generation by Reversing Mitochondrial Uncoupling
Authors: Coulombeau Rachel , Selck Claudia , Giang Nicolas , Al‐Mohammad Abdulrahman , Ng Natalie , Maher Allison K. , Argüello Rafael , Scalfari Antonio , Varley James , Nicholas Richard , Dominguez‐Villar Margarita
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory environments induce the generation of dysfunctional IFNγ+T‐bet+FOXP3+ Th1‐like Tregs, which show defective function and are found in autoimmune conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathways that control the generation of Th1‐like Tregs are not well understood. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) signalling molecules are upregulated in Th1‐like Tregs, and in vivo S1P inhibition with Fingolimod (FTY720) inhibits the expression of genes responsible for Treg plasticity in MS patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that S1P signalling inhibition by FTY720 inhibits the generation of Th1‐like Tregs and rescues their suppressive function. These effects are mediated by a decrease in mTORC1 signalling and reversal of the mitochondrial uncoupling that Tregs undergo during their reprogramming into Th1‐like Tregs in vitro. Finally, these results are validated in in vivo‐generated Th1‐like Tregs, as Tregs from MS patients treated with FTY720 display decreased Th1‐like Treg frequency, increased suppressive function and mitochondrial metabolism rebalance. These results highlight the involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling in Treg reprogramming and identify S1P signalling inhibition as a target to suppress the generation of dysfunctional Th1‐like Tregs.
Efficacy of the peak frequency map for left atrial posterior wall isolation
Authors: Yamagami Shintaro , Nishiuchi Suguru , Sato Tomohiro , Akiyama Masaya , Nakano Yuta , Hirokazu Kondo , Tamura Toshihiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Complete isolation of the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) is challenging owing to overlapping epicardial conduction. Peak frequency (PF) is a novel parameter that focuses on near‐ and far‐field electrogram components. In this study, we aimed to determine whether transmural block completion is related to the ablation site PF.

Methods

We analyzed 44 consecutive patients undergoing initial LAPW isolation (LAPWI) between June 2023 and February 2024. Pre‐LAPWI and PF maps were obtained using an HD‐Grid catheter. In 17 of the 44 patients (Group‐1), LAPWI was performed conventionally. In the remaining 27 patients (Group‐2), PF‐guided LAPWI was applied based on Group‐1 results.

Results

In Group‐1, the left atrial (LA) roof and floor line success rates were 58.8% and 76.5%, respectively. The average PF value in the roof lines of patients with a completed block line was significantly higher than that of the remaining patients (286.6 ± 29.3 Hz vs. 236.1 ± 40.9 Hz, p = .012), but the floor lines were similar. In Group‐2, relatively high PF values were targeted to achieve complete block of the LA roof and floor lines, following the results obtained in Group‐1. The LA roof line success rates (92.6% vs. 58.8%, p = .007), total number of radiofrequency (RF) applications (22.7 ± 5.6 vs. 27.6 ± 8.5, p = .03), and procedural time (32.6 ± 18.3 vs. 47.9 ± 25.6 min, p = .03) differed between Group‐1 and Group‐2.

Conclusion

Using a PF map for determining the optimal ablation line for LAPWI by RF catheter ablation is feasible.
Color Ranges and Distribution of Human Teeth: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Ghinea R. , Herrera L. J. , Ruiz‐López J. , Sly M. M. , Paravina R. D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study investigated the in vivo color range of human teeth using a research‐grade noncontact spectroradiometer, analyzing the effects of gender, age, ethnicity, and lifestyle factors, including diet, smoking, and oral hygiene.

Materials and Methods

A total of 1004 participants were recruited at two research sites and stratified by gender, age, and ethnicity, and data on their dietary and oral habits were collected. Noninvasive color measurements of an upper central incisor were performed using a spectroradiometer and a fiber‐coupled Xe‐Arc light source. Color differences were computed using the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas, statistically analyzed, and interpreted through comparisons with 50:50% perceptibility (PT) and acceptability (AT) thresholds for dentistry.

Results

CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color coordinate values varied significantly. Female teeth appeared lighter and less yellow than men's. Age correlated with darker, more chromatic teeth, stabilizing only after Age 46. Significant ethnic differences were observed, particularly between African‐American and Asian participants. Coffee consumption impacted teeth yellowness and chromaticity, while tea had no significant effect. Frequent tooth brushing led to lighter teeth, and tooth whitening considerably influenced color, emphasizing the effect of cosmetic dental treatments. Smoking showed minimal impact, with slight discoloration noted among light smokers compared to nonsmokers.

Conclusions

Color coordinate values by gender, age, and ethnicity exhibited statistically significant differences and, in most cases, noticeable color differences. With exceptions, the dietary/oral habits of the patient had a significant impact on the color of human teeth.

Clinical Significance

The findings from this study provide detailed information and understanding of the color range and distribution of human teeth, which can help enhance the esthetic outcome of dental care and, consequently, the patient's satisfaction.
Implementing Best Practice When Screening Birthing People for a Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Kaufman Sheila , Suplee Patricia D. , Campbell‐Oparaji Damali M. , Blumenfeld Julie
Published: October 2024

Screening for substance use disorder (SUD) is an essential part of antepartum care. Best practice for screening requires the use of a validated tool early in pregnancy to identify those at risk and to connect them with counseling and treatment. In many health systems and practices, urine toxicology testing is erroneously employed as a SUD screening tool despite consistent recommendations against its routine use. The results are often misinterpreted as diagnostic of SUD and can have harmful downstream effects for pregnant and birthing people. This Clinical Rounds reviews the tools available for evidence‐based SUD screenings in pregnancy care, pitfalls of urine toxicology testing, and ways in which midwifery care is well‐positioned to implement evidence‐based screening practices in pregnancy care.
Sparking or smothering darkness: Motivational climates influence the leader grandiose narcissism–follower trust relation via leader self‐serving behaviour
Authors: Braun Susanne , Sleebos Ed , Zou Leah L. , Wisse Barbara M.
Published: October 2024

Research suggests that the effects of leader narcissism can be complex and context dependent, causing a lack of clarity about the conditions under which leader narcissism affects follower perceptions. We posit that the organizational climate plays an important moderating role in the relationships between leader narcissism, leader self‐serving behaviour and follower trust. Based on trait activation theory, we argue that organizational‐level cues can spark or smother narcissistic leaders' self‐serving behaviour with downstream consequences for followers' trust. Our focus lies on motivational climates in organizations, encompassing both performance climate and mastery climate, as providers of trait‐relevant cues. A multilevel and multisource survey of 546 leaders and 1718 followers supports the hypothesized relationships. We find a negative effect of leader narcissism on trust in the leader via leader self‐serving behaviour when the performance climate is high (vs. low). We also find a negative effect of leader narcissism on trust in the leader via leader self‐serving behaviour when the mastery climate is low (vs. high). We discuss how leader self‐serving behaviour as a quintessential behavioural expression of leader narcissism is sensitive to specific cues from the organizational context, how motivational climates help to inform the understanding of leader narcissism, and the practical implications.
Stay hungry, and stay calm in upbeat time: Local leaders' early‐life famine experience and housing sector development in China
Authors: Hou Linke , Liang Pinghan , Lyu Siyuan
Published: October 2024

This paper shows that local officials' personal preferences formed through early‐life experience affects Chinese housing sector development. We exploit a county‐level panel between 2000 and 2007 and use the Great Famine in 1959–1961 in China as a natural experiment. Our specification exploits the spatial variation in the early‐life exposure to the famine, and shows that local officials' early‐life exposure to more severe famine leads to significantly less development in the housing sector in their jurisdictions. Our findings remain robust to alternative specifications, placebo tests, and competing hypotheses. Furthermore, we employ satellite nightlight data to show that the early‐life famine experience of local officials is negatively correlated with the extent of statistical data manipulation, indicating changing risk attitudes due to early‐life famine experiences.
Race and Faith: The Role of Congregations in Racial Justice
Authors: Glazier Rebecca A. , Driskill Gerald W. C. , Hanson Dominika
Published: October 2024

Following the killing of George Floyd, some congregations more fully entered the conversation on race. Although sometimes reinforcing institutional racism, many religious traditions also have tools for conflict resolution, repentance, and reconciliation. Given this ambivalence, how do congregations engage questions of racial justice, and how is this engagement influenced by race and religious tradition? Our answers come through multimethod data collected over 2 years: (a) Surveys of 2,293 congregants from 35 diverse congregations find that race relations is the issue they most want their place of worship to address, while revealing exhaustion among some Black members; (b) 90 sermons from 15 congregations reveal how clergy talked about race in the weeks after Floyd's murder depended largely on the race of the congregation; and (c) 21 clergy interviews illustrate differences in how clergy use religion to engage race. These diverse data reveal key differences, based on race and religious tradition.
Phytoplankton Diversity Across a Coastal Urbanization and Eutrophication Gradient: The Sepetiba Bay—Ilha Grande Bay Continuum in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Miranda F. A. V. , Moser G. A. O. , Lima D. T. , Machado W. T. V. , Brandini N. , Fernandes A. M. , Costa L. V. M. , Amaral M. F. , Oliveira G. B. , Abril G. Y.
Published: October 2024

Densely populated coastal zones are significantly impacted by anthropogenic pressures, particularly urbanized semi‐enclosed bays with long residence times of waters and nutrients. Eutrophication is a primary issue resulting from human settlement in coastal zone, as it drastically modifies the structure of biological communities, particularly the phytoplankton. The aim of this study is to assess whether eutrophication functions as an environmental filter on the phytoplankton community along an 80 km gradient of eutrophication in two contrasting bays, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande. By categorizing phytoplankton species based on characteristic traits and comparing them with in situ environmental data, we assess the distribution of phytoplankton functional groups. Sampling was conducted in November 2021 and April 2022 from the semienclosed, mesohaline, and shallow Sepetiba Bay to the more open and marine oligotrophic Ilha Grande Bay. During the two sampling campaigns, functional groups including strict autotrophs (diatoms and filamentous cyanobacteria) and both constitutive and non‐constitutive mixotrophs (dinoflagellates) were represented by different abundance of species along this gradient. Classical diversity indices and Beta‐Turnover analyses indicate significant community differences between the bays, with species replacement driving differentiation rather than species loss between the sampled points. However, with increased eutrophication in Sepetiba Bay, a decrease in the dispersion of functional traits was observed, suggesting that eutrophication acts as an environmental filter promoting trait convergence and the selection of specialist organisms.
Experimentally induced troilite melt pervasion in chondritic analog materials: A study for FeNi‐FeS darkening in chondrites
Authors: Moreau Juulia‐Gabrielle , Jõeleht Argo , Stojic Aleksandra N. , Hamann Christopher , Kaufmann Felix E. D. , Somelar Peeter , Plado Jüri , Hietala Satu , Kohout Tomas
Published: October 2024

Iron sulfide and metal melt veins in chondritic materials are associated with advanced stages of dynamic shock. The shock‐induced residual temperatures liquefy the sulfide component and enable melt distribution. However, the distribution mechanism is not yet fully understood. Capillary forces are proposed as agents of melt distribution; yet, no laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the role that capillary forces play in the redistribution of iron sulfide in post‐shock conditions. To investigate this further, we conducted thermal experiments under reducing conditions (N2(g)) using dunitic fragments, suitable chondritic analog materials that were doped with synthesized troilite (stoichiometric exact FeS). We observed extensive iron sulfide (troilite) migration that partially resembles that of ordinary chondrites, without the additional influence of shock pressure‐induced fracturing. The iron sulfide melt infiltrated grain boundaries and pre‐existing fractures that darkened the analog material pervasively. We also observed that the iron sulfide melt, which mobilized into grain boundaries, got systematically enriched in Ni from the surrounding host olivine. Consequently, FeNi metal fractionated from the melt in several places. Our results indicate that capillary forces majorly contribute to melt migration in the heated post‐shock environment.
Fat taste receptors and fatty milk in dolphins
Authors: Katsushima Hinako , Kashiwagi Nobuyuki , Hamano Takehisa , Kogi Kazunobu , Sato Ryo , Nakata Kensuke , Nishino Masayuki , Hayakawa Takashi
Published: October 2024

There has been a long debate on whether cetaceans recognize external chemical compounds in water. Genetically, they lost some taste receptors due to their aquatic adaptations. In contrast, neuroanatomical and behavioral studies have suggested that young dolphins can perceive specific chemicals. In this study, we tested whether young dolphins could recognize fatty acids contained in their mother's milk. We performed mRNA sequencing of the tongue of a 1‐year‐old Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin. Long‐chain fatty acid taste receptors were expressed in a V‐shaped row of the tongue, which is specific for young dolphins and has taste bud‐like structures. The lingual lipase is also expressed in the V‐shaped row, which may enhance the release of free fatty acids from triacylglycerols. Notably, the sour taste receptor was nonfunctionalized specifically in Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins. We comprehensively qualified the fatty acids in the milk of captive common bottlenose dolphins. Seven saturated and 16 unsaturated long‐chain fatty acids were detected. Behavioral tests in captive common bottlenose dolphins showed that a juvenile can recognize the presence of milk in water. These results indicated that young dolphins may have functional fat taste receptors in their oral cavity that detect long‐chain fatty acids contained in their mother's milk.
Causal Claims and Context of Assessment
Authors: Maslen Cei
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I discuss whether the truth of causal statements depends on factors from the context of assessment. I use MacFarlane's New Relativism and his discussion of taste statements and knowledge statements as a model and explain how to extend this to causal statements. I argue that causal statements can depend on assessor factors. My argument depends on examining one medical example in extensive detail, from the point of view of different speaker contexts and different assessor contexts.
Caregiver burden, religious coping, and spiritual well‐being among caregivers of elderly stroke patients and predictors affecting spiritual well‐being
Authors: Kılınç İşleyen Eda , Korkmaz Sinan Emre , Narcıkara Ceyda , Ekici Büşra
Published: October 2024

Background

Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. Stroke usually creates a range of disabilities such as physical deficits and difficulty in performing daily activities. These long‐term needs and the continuous caregiving sequence affect the care burden and spiritual well‐being of caregivers.

Method

The correlational study population consisted of caregivers of stroke older patients (N = 100). Burden Interview Scale, Spiritual Well‐Being Scale and Religious Coping Scale were used. Descriptive analyses, independent sample t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, correlation, regression analyses were used to evaluate the data.

Results

The mean age of caregivers was 48.38 ± 13.52 years. The score of Burden Interview Scale was 31.41 ± 15.13 (light/moderate), Negative Religious Coping was 7.39 ± 3.17 (moderate), Positive Religious Coping was 24.30 ± 4.34 (high), and Spiritual Well‐Being was 21.65 ± 6.73 (low). There is a significant relationship between Burden Interview and Negative Religious Coping (r = 0.274; P = 0.006), Burden Interview and spiritual well‐being (r = −0.563; P = 0.000), and spiritual well‐being and positive religious coping (r = 0.228; P = 0.026). The predictors that affect the spiritual well‐being of caregivers were found to be Burden Interview (β = −0.571) and Positive Religious Coping (β = 0.181) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nurses play an important role in increasing the spiritual well‐being levels and religious coping behaviours of caregivers. Nurses should communicate empathically with caregivers, understand their feelings, and provide emotional support.
Parental acceptance of dental treatment with SDF in children with CP
Authors: Pattu R. Mona , Goswami Mridula , Juneja Monica , Kumar Gyanendra , Johar Smriti , Narula Vashi , Johnson Riya Marie
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study aims to evaluate parental acceptance of dental treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

The present study is a case‐control study with 80 children in the age range of 6–11 years. Group I consisted of children diagnosed with CP and Group II consisted of children without any Special Health Care Needs and systemic conditions. Preoperative and postoperative behavior assessment was done using Frankl's behavior Rating Scale. 38 % SDF application was done in any one primary molar with occlusal dentinal caries. A well‐designed validated structured questionnaire with 10 questions was developed to assess the parental acceptance of dental treatment with SDF. The questionnaire comprised 10 close‐ended questions with subdivisions on socio‐demographic details, the reason for the previous and current dental visit, and acceptance of dental treatment with SDF. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26, IBM, Chicago, USA). Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD). Categorical variables were expressed as frequency (n) and percentage (%). The chi‐square test was used for qualitative analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%.

Results

The number of children showing positive behavior on Frankl's behavior Rating Scale increased from 55% to 70% after dental treatment with SDF and this difference was statistically significant in Group I (p‐value < 0.001). 87.5% of parents in Group I had accepted the discoloration caused after dental treatment with SDF compared to 80% in Group II. In Group I, 95% of parents agreed strongly, while in Group II, 82.5% agreed strongly that SDF can be done on un‐cooperative and special health care needs children. This difference in agreement seen between parents of Group I and Group II was found to be statistically significant (p‐value = 0.02). Also, the acceptance of SDF was found to be higher in parents who were educationally more qualified in Group I. This difference in the acceptance level of SDF seen based on the educational status of parents was statistically significant (p‐value < 0.001).

Conclusion

Parental acceptance of SDF for dental treatment was higher in Group I (children with CP) as a greater number of parents accepted dental treatment despite discoloration with the modality being noninvasive and less time‐consuming. Improved behavior rating was observed among children in both groups after dental treatment with SDF.
Relationship Between Gestures and Vocabulary in 14‐Month‐Old Swedish‐Learning Children
Authors: Marklund Ulrika , Marklund Ellen , Gustavsson Lisa , Samuelsson Christina
Published: October 2024

In this study, the relationship between gestures and vocabulary size in 177 Swedish‐learning 14‐month‐old children was examined. Gesture use, receptive, and expressive vocabulary were reported by caregivers with the Swedish version of the MacArthur Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory, words and gestures, SECDI‐1. Gesture types examined were referential gestures classified as either deictic gestures, conventional gestures, and object actions. A fine‐grained analysis of gestures and lexicon was performed. Results show that percentage of gestures used by children significantly predicts percentage of words in their receptive vocabulary. However, looking at gesture type, only use of object actions significantly predicts percentage of words in the receptive vocabulary whereas use of conventional gestures does not. Deictic gestures showed a ceiling effect and were therefore not further used for analysis. The relationship between gesture use and vocabulary size was not impacted by semantic category (food or clothes). Vocabulary in both semantic categories was statistically predicted by object actions in only one semantic category.
Team Cognition Research Is Transforming Cognitive Science
Authors: Spivey Michael J.
Published: October 2024

About 30 years ago, the Dynamical Hypothesis instigated a variety of insights and transformations in cognitive science. One of them was the simple observation that, quite unlike trial‐based tasks in a laboratory, natural ecologically valid behaviors almost never have context‐free starting points. Instead, they produce lengthy time series data that can be recorded with dense‐sampling measures, such as heartrate, eye movements, EEG, etc. That emphasis on studying the temporal dynamics of extended behaviors may have been the trigger that led to a rethinking of what a “representation” is, and then of what a “cognitive agent” is. This most recent and perhaps most revolutionary transformation is the idea that a cognitive agent need not be a singular physiological organism. Perhaps a group of organisms, such as several people working on a joint task, can temporarily function as one cognitive agent – at least while they're working adaptively and successfully.
Estructura ontológica lukácsiana
Authors: Correa Castañeda Diego Fernando
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se hará un recorrido detallado por el sistema ontológico y categorial de la obra póstuma de Georg Lukács, Ontología del ser social. En adición, se hará una comparación entre la problemática que se presenta entre la primera parte histórica y la segunda parte sistemática. Así mismo, se pondrán en juego los sistemas ontológicos del existencialismo, de Nicolai Hartmann, de Hegel y de Marx, para terminar con la propuesta de una ontología plenamente social de Lukács. Igualmente se harán aproximaciones a las categorías de trabajo, reproducción social, ideología y alienación, determinantes todas ellas del ser social.
Impact of Surgical Alignment, Bone Properties, Anterior–Posterior Translation, and Implant Design Factors on Fixation in Cementless Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yang Huizhou , Marras Daniele , Clary Chadd W. , Zumbrunn Thomas , List Renate , Ferguson Stephen J. , Rullkoetter Paul J.
Published: October 2024

Micromotion exceeding 150 μm at the implant–bone interface may prevent bone formation and limit fixation after cementless knee arthroplasty. Understanding the critical parameters impacting micromotion is required for optimal implant design and clinical performance. However, few studies have focused on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). This study assessed the impacts of alignment, surgical, and design factors on implant–bone micromotions for a novel cementless UKA design during a series of simulated daily activities. Three finite element models that were validated for predicting micromotion of cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were loaded with design-specific kinematics/loading to simulate gait (GT), deep knee bending (DKB), and stair descent (SD). The implant–bone micromotion and the porous surface area ideal for bone ingrowth were estimated and compared to quantify the impact of each factor. Overall, the peak tray–bone micromotions were consistently found at the lateral aspect of the tibial baseplate and were consistently higher than the femoral micromotions. The femoral micromotion was insensitive to almost all the factors studied, and the porous area favorable for bone ingrowth was no less than 93%. For a medial uni, implanting the tray 1 mm medially or the femoral component 1 mm laterally reduced the tibial micromotion by 19.3% and 26.3%, respectively. Differences in tray–bone micromotion due to bone moduli were up to 59.8%. A 5 mm more posterior femoral translation increased the tray–bone micromotion by 35.8%. The presence of the tray keel prevented the spread of the micromotion and increased the overall porous surface area, but also increased peak micromotion. The tray peg and the femoral anterior peg had little impact on the micromotion of their respective implants. In conclusion, centralizing the load transfer to minimize tibial tray applied moment and optimizing the fixation features to minimize micromotion are consistent themes for improving cementless fixation in UKA. Perturbation of femoral–bone alignment may be preferred as it would not create under/overhang on the tibia.
Multi-omics landscape and molecular basis of radiation tolerance in a tardigrade
Authors: Li Lei , Ge Zhengping , Liu Shihao , Zheng Kun , Li Yaqi , Chen Kaiqi , Fu Yesheng , Lei Xiaoguang , Cui Zeling , Wang Yifan , Huang Jin , Liu Yanyan , Duan Mingwang , Sun Zimei , Chen Jun , Li Liangwei , Shen Pan , Wang Guibin , Chen Junmiao , Li Ruochong , Li Chaoran , Yang Zhixiang , Ning Yifan , Luo Arong , Chen Baoyu , Seim Inge , Liu Xin , Wang Fei , Yao Yishan , Guo Fusheng , Yang Maojun , Liu Cui Hua , Fan Guangyi , Wang Lizhi , Yang Dong , Zhang Lingqiang
Published: October 2024

Tardigrades are captivating organisms known for their resilience in extreme environments, including ultra-high-dose radiation, but the underlying mechanisms of this resilience remain largely unknown. Using genome, transcriptome, and proteome analysis of
Hypsibius henanensis
sp. nov.
, we explored the molecular basis contributing to radiotolerance in this organism. A putatively horizontally transferred gene, DOPA dioxygenase 1 (
DODA1
), responds to radiation and confers radiotolerance by synthesizing betalains—a type of plant pigment with free radical–scavenging properties. A tardigrade-specific radiation-induced disordered protein, TRID1, facilitates DNA damage repair through a mechanism involving phase separation. Two mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly proteins, BCS1 and NDUFB8, accumulate to accelerate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
+
) regeneration for poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and subsequent poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)–mediated DNA damage repair. These three observations expand our understanding of mechanisms of tardigrade radiotolerance.
Pervasive sublethal effects of agrochemicals on insects at environmentally relevant concentrations
Authors: Gandara Lautaro , Jacoby Richard , Laurent François , Spatuzzi Matteo , Vlachopoulos Nikolaos , Borst Noa O. , Ekmen Gülina , Potel Clement M. , Garrido-Rodriguez Martin , Böhmert Antonia L. , Misunou Natalia , Bartmanski Bartosz J. , Li Xueying C. , Kutra Dominik , Hériché Jean-Karim , Tischer Christian , Zimmermann-Kogadeeva Maria , Ingham Victoria A. , Savitski Mikhail M. , Masson Jean-Baptiste , Zimmermann Michael , Crocker Justin
Published: October 2024

Insect biomass is declining globally, likely driven by climate change and pesticide use, yet systematic studies on the effects of various chemicals remain limited. In this work, we used a chemical library of 1024 molecules—covering insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth inhibitors—to assess the impact of sublethal pesticide doses on insects. In
Drosophila melanogaster
, 57% of chemicals affected larval behavior, and a higher proportion compromised long-term survivability. Exposure to sublethal doses also induced widespread changes in the phosphoproteome and changes in development and reproduction. The negative effects of agrochemicals were amplified when the temperature was increased. We observed similar behavioral changes across multiple insect species, including mosquitoes and butterflies. These findings suggest that widespread sublethal pesticide exposure can alter insect behavior and physiology, threatening long-term population survival.
Dissecting the hydrogen bond network of water: Charge transfer and nuclear quantum effects
Authors: Flór Mischa , Wilkins David M. , de la Puente Miguel , Laage Damien , Cassone Giuseppe , Hassanali Ali , Roke Sylvie
Published: October 2024

The molecular structure of water is dynamic, with intermolecular hydrogen (H) bond interactions being modified by both electronic charge transfer and nuclear quantum effects (NQEs). Electronic charge transfer and NQEs potentially change under acidic or basic conditions, but such details have not been measured. In this work, we developed correlated vibrational spectroscopy, a symmetry-based method that separates interacting from noninteracting molecules in self- and cross-correlation spectra, giving access to previously inaccessible information. We found that hydroxide (OH
−
) donated ~8% more negative charge to the H bond network of water, and hydronium (H
3
O
+
) accepted ~4% less negative charge from the H bond network of water. Deuterium oxide (D
2
O) had ~9% more H bonds compared with water (H
2
O), and acidic solutions displayed more dominant NQEs than basic ones.
Distinct interfacial structures between grains
Authors: Luo Jian
Published: October 2024

Adsorption transitions at grain boundaries in a polycrystal result in structures that are forbidden in bulk crystals
Dots in a murky sky
Authors: Lawrence Andy
Published: October 2024

A familiar joke in the astronomical world is that you can sleep through somebody's seminar or conference talk and still make the speaker sweat by nodding awake long enough to ask, “Have you considered the effects of dust?” The speaker likely will mutter, “Well, we realize of course that dust may well be important, but for now we have assumed that its effect on our observations is negligible.” Ignoring dust, or the complexities of its effects, is a mistake astronomers have made many times. The field may be going through another cycle as it attempts to understand active galactic nuclei (AGN)—bright regions at the centers of galaxies that are thought to be powered by accretion of gas onto a supermassive black hole. By the time the cycle is complete, we may have a better understanding of the growth of black holes, the growth of galaxies, and the properties of dust itself.
Purified diets containing high levels of soluble fiber and grain-based diets promote similar gastrointestinal morphometry yet distinct microbial communities
Authors: Glenny Elaine M. , Liu Jintong , Skinner Harlyn G. , McFarlane Tori L. , Reed Kylie K. , Weninger Alyssa , Djukic Zorka , Pellizzon Michael A. , Carroll Ian M.
Published: October 2024

Dietary fibers play a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiome and influencing gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Grain-based diets (GBDs) are widely used in rodent studies, but their utility is limited due to batch-to-batch variability resulting from inconsistent ingredients. Purified diets (PDs) are composed of only known and refined ingredients and offer a solution to the constraints of GBDs. This study aimed to identify a combination of dietary fibers in a purified diet (PD) that promotes optimal murine gut morphometry and a diverse intestinal microbial community. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either two grain-based diets (GBDs) or four PDs with varying fiber compositions for 28 days. Mice consuming PDs lacking soluble fiber had more gonadal fat (
P
< 0.05), shorter small intestines (
P
< 0.05), and lighter ceca (
P
< 0.05) compared with those fed the LabDiet 5001 GBD. Increasing the proportion of soluble fibers in PDs progressively reduced microbial diversity in the cecum and colon. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed distinct microbial communities in the cecum and colon between mice fed GBDs and PDs (
P
< 0.05). Differential abundance analysis identified relatively more
Family XII UCG 001
and less
Lactococcus
in mice fed GBDs relative to mice consuming PDs (
P
< 0.05). While no PD recapitulated the gut microbial composition of GBDs, PDs with high soluble fiber content best preserved GI morphometry. These findings underscore the importance of considering diet as an experimental variable and highlight the need for a PD formulation that combines the benefits of GBDs on GI health and microbial richness.

IMPORTANCE

Dietary fibers are essential for maintaining gut health. Insoluble fibers aid in fecal bulking and water retention while soluble fiber is a fermentative substrate for intestinal microbial communities. Grain-based diets (GBDs) are commonly used in preclinical research but the variability in ingredients across batches impedes reproducibility. Purified diets (PDs), which are composed of highly refined ingredients, pose a potential solution but the most widely used low-fat control PDs contain no soluble fiber. This study intended to identify a PD with a combination of fibers that promotes murine gut health and microbial diversity. A PD with optimal fiber composition would aid in the standardization and reproducibility of studies investigating intestinal physiology and the gut microbiota.
E. coli
cells advance into phase-separated (biofilm-simulating) extracellular polymeric substance containing DNA, HU, and lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Gupta Archit , Guptasarma Purnananda
Published: October 2024

We have previously shown that the nucleoid-associated protein, HU, uses its DNA-binding surfaces to bind to bacterial outer-membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS), causing HU to act as a glue aiding the adherence of DNA to bacteria, e.g., in biofilms. We have also previously shown that HU and DNA coacervate into a state of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), within bacterial cells and also
in vitro
. Here, we show that HU and free LPS (which is ordinarily shed by bacteria) also condense into a state of phase separation. Coacervates of HU, DNA, and free LPS are less liquid-like than coacervates of HU and DNA.
Escherichia coli
cells bearing LPS on their surfaces are shown to adhere to (as well as advance into) coacervates of HU and DNA. HU appears to play a role, therefore, in maintaining both intracellular and extracellular states of phase separation with DNA that are compatible with LPS and LPS-bearing
E. coli,
with LPS determining the liquidity of the biofilm-simulating coacervate.

IMPORTANCE

Understanding the constitution and behavior of biofilms is crucial to understanding how to deal with persistent biofilms. This study, together with other recent studies from our group, elucidates a novel aspect of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of
Escherichia coli
biofilms, by creating a simulacrum of the EPS and then demonstrating that its formation involves liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of HU, DNA, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components, with LPS determining the liquidity of this EPS simulacrum. The findings provide insight into the nature of biofilms and into how the interplay of HU, DNA, and LPS could modulate the structural integrity and functional dynamics of biofilms.
Randomised controlled trial comparing different intersession intervals of intermittent theta burst delivered to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Goodman Michelle S , Schulze Laura , Daskalakis Zafiris J , Konstantinou Gerasimos N , Mansouri Farrokh , Trevizol Alisson P , Blumberger Daniel M , Downar Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Background

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) that can be administered in a fraction of the time of standard rTMS. Applying multiple daily iTBS sessions (ie, accelerated iTBS) may enable patients to achieve remission more rapidly. However, questions remain regarding the optimal time interval between treatment sessions.

Objective

The overall aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two accelerated bilateral iTBS protocols (ie, 30-min or 60-min intervals) and a once-daily bilateral iTBS protocol (ie, 0-min interval) while the number of pulses was held constant, in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods

182 patients with TRD were randomised to receive two sessions per day of bilateral iTBS of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) at 60-min, 30-min or 0-min intervals. Sham treatments were delivered using a shielded ‘sham coil’ which produced the auditory and tactile sensations of stimulation. The primary outcome measure was a change in depression scores on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) after 20 days of treatment.

Results

HRSD-17 scores improved across all groups; however, these improvements did not significantly differ between the three groups after 20 days of treatment. Similarly, response and remission rates did not differ between the treatment groups.

Conclusions

These results suggest that contrary to our original hypothesis, implementing a 30-min or 60-min interval between two treatment sessions of DMPFC-iTBS does not lead to a more rapid improvement in symptoms, than once-daily iTBS administration.

Trial registration number

NCT02778035.