bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mung Bean Sprout and Acidifier Supplemention on Fertility, Survival Rate, and Egg Weight of Native Chicken
Authors: Supartini N , Isnaini N , Natsir M H , Ihsan M N
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to analyze fertility, survival rate and egg weight of Native chicken with Mung bean sprout and acidifier supplementation in feed. This research was conducted in 50 days, from July to August, 2019. This is an in vivo research which used 12 months old of Native chicken, consisted of 24 roosters with average body weight of 2.29 ± 0.23 kg and 96 hens with average body weight of 2.24 ± 0.25 kg. The roosters were choosen from minimum fertility category of 40%. The factorial design used feed formulation with 17% level of crude protein and the average of metabolic energy of 2804 kkal/kg, with 48 hours germination of Mung bean sprout and acidifer supplementation. The supplementation level of Mung bean sprout were 0% and 1.8%, and the supplementation level of acidifer were 0%; 0.6%; and 1.2%. The roosters and hens were then grouped into 24 groups of mating with 1 roster and 4 hens proportion, then fed by treatment feed in 15 days. The semen was collected from all roosters by using a teaser female method with artificial cloaca, and directly inseminated to all hens which were on the group. Each egg from the groups was collected everyday within 5 days, then put into an incubator and then repeated twice using the second incubator for 2 days after the first incubator operated. The data was collected and analyzed by ANOVA, and continued with Tukey test, if there was a significant impact. The result showed that there was no significant increase on fertility level, survival rate and egg weight along with the increased feed consumption and better conversion. It can be concluded that feed treatment did not gave a direct impact to this research parameters, but was likely implicated to the inseminated semen quality and increased the feed palatability. It is recommended to scale up the level of Mung bean sprout and acidifier supplement in feed to optimize and to control the non research parametric factors.
Colostrum Quality of Friesian Holstein Crossbreed from Different Milking Day
Authors: Surjowardojo P , Noegroho V A K , Syahputra F T , Yulinarsari A P
Published: June 2020

The study determines the colostrum quality of Friesian Holstein Cross breed from different milking day at Ngantang Sub District, Malang Regency. Study uses sixteen cows consisting of four cows for first, second, third and fourth lactation period. Fat and density was the primary variable for quality measurement. The sample was getting from first milking of each day during eight days milking. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used to analyse the result. The results showed that the milking day had highly significant effect on the quality of colostrum (P< 0.01). The highest quality was observed in the first milking (fat: 6.15±0.68% and density: 1.076±0.005) while the lowest quality was on the eight days of collection (fat: 3.27±0.03% and density:1.028±0.002)
The Effectiveness of Phytopharmaca of Ethanol Extract Sambiloto Leaf as an Alternative of Control to Coccidiosis
Authors: Indrati R , Titisari N
Published: June 2020

Sambiloto can increase phagocytic and lymphocytic cells, so that it can treat coccidia and can become coccidiostat (sulfaquinoxalin). Utilization of medicinal plants for the purpose of prevention and treatment of parasites for the prevention and treatment of diseases in animals. This study aims to is to analyze, the effectiveness, and evaluate the Extract Sambiloto Leaves ( ESL) as anticoccidial, against Eimiria spp . The material of this research is extract ethanol of sambiloto leaf (ESL) in capsules, 20 male Etawah Crossbreed Goats aged 3-4 months. The obtained data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA,and followed with LSD test. This study used experimental with post test only control group design with 5 treatment groups and 4 repetitions. Group T1(Negative Control: Curmint vit Plus:500mg ), T2 (Positive Control, without anticoccidial), T3( ESL caps: 750 mg ), T4 (ESL caps:1125 mg ); and T5 (ESL caps: 1500 mg). Stool collection two (2) times, (Pre research) before treatment and after treatment. Acounting of oocysts using the Floatation Mc Master methode. The results showed a significant difference (P <0.05) between group. Groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 showed coccidial infestation was decreased in the number of oocysta (Oocysta per Gram = OPG) - respectively T1: 71.62% (beginning 2960-end 840), T2: 38.78% (3816-2323), T3: 51.96% (3632 - 1636), T4: 75.15% (3928-976), and T5: 68.91% (2856-888). The results showed that T1 groups no significant T4 and T5 (P>0.05), T1,T4 and T5 were significantly different (P <0.05) with T2, and T3. Conclusion, Ethanol extract of Sambiloto Leaves (ESL) is effective as control of phytopharmaceutical alternative for coccidiosis based on dose EDS = 1125 mg with the highest reduction OPG amount of 75.15% in Etawah Crossbreed Goats.
Supplementation of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in CEP-2 Extender on the Qualities of Limousin Bull Chilled Semen
Authors: Wahjuningsih S , Yekti A P A , Grace A , Amalia
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract (RDFPE) supplementation in CEP-2 extender to the qualities of Limousin semen during 3-5 °C storage. The semen was collected by using artificial vagina twice a week for 5 weeks. The treatments in this research were RDFPE supplementation at 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% on the CEP-2 base extender and the observed variables include semen motility and viability. The results showed that the addition of RDFPE in CEP-2 extender gave a significant effect (P<0.05) to the semen motility and viability. Supplementation of RDFPE at 3% showed better motility and viability than 0, 1 and 5%. The study concludes that the addition of 3% RDFPE was the best treatment in maintaining the quality of Limousin bull semen at cold temperature.
Bacterial Subclinical Mastitis, Total Somatic Counts, and Its Effect on Milk Yield in Ettawa Crosbred Goat (PE) in Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Suwito W , Andriani  , Nugroho W S
Published: June 2020

Somatic cell counts enhancement which is accompainied bacteria pathogen is an indication subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Ettawa crosbred goat (PE). The objective of this study was to type of bacterial, somatic cell counts (SCC), and its impact on milk yield (MY) in PE goat SCM in Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study was conducted in Sleman PE goat farm with PE goat SCM (n=10) and no SCM (n=10). Determination of PE goat SCM based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) and followed with calculation SCC by the Breed method. Isolation and identification bacteria in PE goat SCM and no SCM based on bacteriological analytical manual (BAM). The PE goats milk production was monitor everday during one week. The average of SCC in PE goat SCM is 3.72 x 106cells/ml, while no SCM is 1.75 x 105 cells/ml. Bacterials from PE goat SCM is Staphylococcus aureus sp (50%), Pseudomonas sp (40%), Streptococcus sp (30%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%), Staphylococcus intermedius (20%), Corynebacterium sp (20%), Coliform sp (10%), and Bacillus sp (10%), while bacteria in PE goat no SCM is Coliform sp (40%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%), Staphylococcus intermedius (10%), Streptococcus sp (10%), and Bacillus sp (10%). The average of milk production in PE goat no SCM is 1.38 liter/day, while in PE goat SCM is 0.35 liter/day. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible bacteria in PE goat SCM which causes decrease the milk production than others bacteria.
Evaluation of Birth Weight and Body Measurements of Madura Cattle based on Year of Birth and Breeding System in Madura Breeding Centre, Indonesia
Authors: Nurgiartiningsih V M A , Furqon A , Rochadi I , Rochman A , Muslim A , Waqid M
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to evaluate the birth weight and body measurement of Madura cattle based on year of birth and different breeding systems. The research was conducted in Technical Unit for Animal Breeding and Veterinary in Madura. A total of 137 Madura cattles born in 2014 to 2019 were observed for its birth weight (BW), chest girth (CG), body length (BL) and wither height (WH). The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA to understand the effect of year of birth on birth weight and t-test to analyze the effect of sex and breeding system on birth weight. The results showed that the mean BW, CG, BL and WH were 16.25±2.37 kg, 58.23±4.9 cm, 50.59±7.68 cm, 60.75±4.92 cm for Madura heifer and 17.08±2.4 kg, 59.12±4.04, 51.09±4.75, 63.78±4.07 kg for Madura bull calf, respectively. Birth weight of bull calf was significantly higher than the heifer (P=0.02). Moreover, the practiced natural mating in Madura cattle were higher (62.04%) compared to artificial insemination (37.96%). Birth weight of Madura cattle in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 17.07±3.02 kg, 17.13±2.56 kg, 17.91±2.58 kg, 16.75±2.09 kg, 16.40±1.84 kg, and 18.01±2.38 kg, respectively. The research concludes that the BW, CG, BL and WH of Madura calves at birth were not significantly different between year of birth and showed uncertain patern.
The Quality of Low Fat Mayonnaise Using Banana Peel Flour as Stabilizer
Authors: Evanuarini H , Susilo A
Published: June 2020

Low fat mayonnaise has disadvantage of having low stability, this is due to decreased dispersed phase and increased aqueous phase. The use of a stabilizer is needed to improve the quality of low fat mayonnaise. The use of banana peel flour is to add the value of low fat mayonnaise. The objective of this research was to observe the quality of low fat mayonnaise by using banana peel flour as a stabilizer. The research method used an experiment using a completely randomized design. The research treatment were use of various percentage of banana peel flour (1%, 3%, 5%) which will be compared with a control (without banana peel flour) with 4 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the use of banana peel flour gave a significant difference in pH and acidity, highly significant difference with moisture content and gave no difference to the sensory evaluation of low fat mayonnaise. The use of banana peel flour can increase the stability of the emulsion and can be acceptable. The conclusion of the study using 1% banana peel flour produced good quality of mayonnaise.
Phenotypic characteristic of Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency
Authors: Susilorini T E , Furqon A , Ridhowi A , Murthadho A , Putra N D , Palayakun J
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate phenotypic characteristic of Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency. The material was 122 doe Senduro goat which consist of 8-12 months, > 12 – 18 months, > 18 – 24 months, and > 24 months. The method used in this research was a survey which consisting of observation and direct measurement in the field for Length of Body (LB), Height at Withers (HW), Chest Girth (CG) and Length of Ear (LE). Doe Senduro goat has white colour in the whole body, long ears and convex face profile. LB of doe Senduro goat base on the age 8-12 months, > 12 – 18 months, > 18 – 24 months, and > 24 months were 68.0±3.8 cm, 76.0±6.2 cm, 80.0±2.2 cm, 82.5±5.3 cm respectively. While, HW was 74.4±4.5 cm, 76±7.2 cm, 77±5.4 cm, 78±4.0cm respectively. CG was 79.2±2.2 cm, 79.4±5.4 cm, 84.2±7.2 cm, 87.2±4.2 cm and for LE was 31.4±1.2 cm, 32.1±3.2 cm, 34.2±2 cm, 35.2±3.0 cm respectively.
BEP and MOS of the Pullet Farming Partnership Scheme at Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Utami H D , Madalena O V
Published: June 2020

The pullet farming was well-growing in line with the increasing its demand. However, this farming was unlikely the favourable venture because of the long harvest time (three months) than those of the layer farming. This phenomenon become attractive to deeply explore; since many farmers operated the pullet farming, particularly at Turen and Gedangan sub-district of Malang Regency, East Java Province of Indonesia. The study aimed to investigate the profitability and efficiency the pullet farming especially Break-even Point (BEP) and Margin of Safety (MOS) perspective. There were 23 pullet farmers that divided into three scale including scale-1 (controlling 4000-11,667 birds; n=14), scale-2 (having 11,668-23,335 birds; n=7), scale-3 (raising > 23,335 birds; n=2). Data collection on 24th-31st March 2015 used survey method. Data analysis employed descriptive technique using BEP and MOS formulation. Overall, the pullet farming partnership scheme has obtained little profit ranging (IDR 2,546 – IDR 3,630/bird), less efficient venture (BEP: IDR 44,216-IDR 44,489) and the quite high financial risk (MOS: 5.25%-7.43%). However, regarding to the farm scales, the farming scale-3 exhibited the highest profit in comparison with other scales. In conclusion, the pullet farming that controlling more than 23,335 birds achieved the profit of IDR 3,630 per bird, with IDR 44,216 of the BEP price, and 7.43% of the MOS.
Improving finite element modelling of the dynamic behaviour of a car trunk lid with modal based updating method
Authors: Peter C , Abdul Rani M N , Hashim H , Yunus M A , I Mirza W I I W , Aziz Shah M A S
Published: June 2020

Predicted results of a finite element model used to develop physical test structures are often found to be not in a good agreement with the experimental results due to the invalid assumptions made in the finite element modelling. This study will focus on improving the correlation level between the finite element model and experimental model of a car trunk lid with the presence of resistance spot welded joints using modal based updating method. The natural frequencies and mode shapes computed from the updated finite element model of the car trunk lid are compared with the corresponding experimental results. HyperWorks and Leuven Measurement System (LMS) test are used for the modelling and modal testing. MSC Nastran SOL200 is used to identify potential updating parameters and to improve the initial finite element model in the light of corresponding experimental results which are obtained from modal testing. The comparison of the results showed that the total error of 58.59 per cent predicted from the initial finite element model of the trunk lid has been successfully reduced to 3.62 per cent. In conclusion, modal based updating has been successfully used to improve the correlation level between the initial finite element model and the physical model of the trunk lid.
Optimization of Kaolin adsorbent to reduction iron metal ion using ultrasonic technology
Authors: Putra Alfian , Syafruddin  , Yayang Risqatia Hasnah Tjut , Amalia Zuhra , Rihayat Teuku
Published: June 2020

This study was to adsorb of metal ion in water solution by modifying kaolin with anionic surfactant and ultrasonic irradiated. The purpose of this study was to optimize the absorption of metals more specific in absorbing Fe metals in water using modified kaolin with anionic surfactants and ultrasonic irradiated. The adsorption process was carried out using a surfactant modified kaolin modification and without surfactant modification with irradiation time variations of 5, 10, 15, 30, 50 and 80 min at 55 ° C. Samples were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS), while their characteristics used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of kaolin modification occurs faster than that of kaolin without modification. The maximum allowance for kaolin modified removal efficiency reached 72.81% at 30 minutes irradiation time, while for kaolin without modification the removal efficiency was 65.1% at 30 minutes irradiation time.
Statistical distributions for prediction of stress intensity factor using the bootstrap S-version finite element model
Authors: Husnain M N M , Akramin M R M , Chuan Z L , Rozieana K
Published: June 2020

Stress intensity factor (SIF) is one of the most fundamental and useful parameters in all of fracture mechanics. The SIF describes the stress state at a crack tip, is related to the rate of crack growth, and used to establish failure criteria due to fracture. The SIF is determined to define whether the crack will grow or not. The aims of this paper is to examine the best sampling statistical distributions in SIF analysis along the crack front of a structure. Box-Muller transformation is used to generate the statistical distributions which is in normal and lognormal distributions. This method transformed from the random number of the variables within range zero and one. The SIFs are computed using the virtual crack-closure method (VCCM) in bootstrap S-version finite element model (BootstrapS-FEM). The normal and lognormal distributions are represented in 95% of confidence bounds from the one hundred of random samples. The prediction of SIFs are verified with Newman-Raju solution and deterministic S-FEM in 95% of confidence bounds. The prediction of SIFs by BootstrapS-FEM in different statistical distribution are accepted because of the Newman-Raju solution is located in between the 95% confidence bounds. Thus, the lognormal distribution for SIFs prediction is more acceptable between normal distributions.
Enhancement of mechanical properties of Copper Brazed by laser surface modification
Authors: Sulaiman A J , Aiman M H , Quazi M M , Ishak M , Ariga T
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, laser surface modification (LSM) has become the most advance technique for improving the surface properties for joining methods. This is due to its advantages such as cleaner, precise, more reliable and provides exact control compare to other surface modification techniques. This technique also applicable on wide range of materials, such as metal/alloy, ceramic and polymer. Brazing is a metal-joining process in which two or more metal items are joint together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the base materials. The brazing process performed under a controlled atmosphere in vacuum tube furnace. Microscopic observations were made by use of both optical and electron microscopes. Fibre laser surface modification-brazing of 2 mm thick 99% pure copper plate in the lap joint configuration performing with Cu-based filler metal. There are three microgrooves were produced with three different laser power apply 15 watt, 21 watt and 27 watt. It found that successful brazing and wetting can be achieved by modified the surface for the base metal. The result of shear tensile test indicated that the highest shear strength was achieve in groove by using 27. This is because of its excellent of its excellent spreading behaviour of molten filler metal, largest bonding interface area and suitable intermetallic compound (IMC) distribution.
Effect of Laser Surface Modification (LSM) on laser energy absorption for laser brazing
Authors: Zaifuddin A Q , Aiman M H , Quazi M M , Ishak Mahadzir , Ariga T
Published: June 2020

Since the development of the laser in the 1960s a rapid development of research interests in science and technology took place. Since then, the need of laser application in industrials such as automotive, aerospace and electronics is increasing because of several advantages like automation worthiness, noncontact processing and product quality improvement. In this present study, the effect of Laser Surface Modification (LSM) on pure copper plate towards the laser energy absorption during indirect laser brazing process was studied. The laser brazing experiment was conducted inside a chamber under controlled vacuum pressure with 400Pa and irradiated with constant 140 Watt laser power. The defocusing features for laser brazing was used in order to find better focal position. Accordingly, the focal length for this laser brazing experiment was set to the focus point at 124 mm from the focal plane. Meanwhile, during LSM process, laser parameters such as laser scanning speed and focus length have been kept constant throughout the surface modification process. Yet, the laser power and laser frequency have been varied from 9 Watt to 27 Watt and 10 kHz to 80 kHz respectively. Apparently, surface roughness due to surface removal and oxide layer formation were presented during LSM process. These two surface integrities were found to be the factors of increasing laser energy absorption. It was discovered that an increase in surface roughness and oxide layer formation can absorb more laser energy which then results an increase in brazing temperature during laser brazing. This is because, increasing surface roughness will scatter the laser energy over a larger surface area, multiply the reflections in the surface irregularities while the oxide layer will enhance the interference phenomena of laser energy occurring inside the oxide layer. Both mechanisms increase laser energy absorptivity during laser brazing which results a high brazing temperature.
The effect of laser surface hardening on the surface hardness of mild steel
Authors: Salleh M N M , Ishak M , Aiman M H , Zaifuddin Q , Quazi M M
Published: June 2020

Laser surface hardening (LSH) has become the most vital process in order to increase the hardness of a mild steel surface, especially to overcome the wear issues in machining parts, where mild steel was hugely applied. This is due to its advantages such as less air pollution, low cost of maintenance and easy to handle compared to other conventional surface hardening process. The laser surface hardening of mild steel has been performed using fibre laser machine which is having a maximum peak power of 30 Watt, with 1060 nm of wavelength above the surface of mild steel having dimension of 15 × 15 × 6 mm. The Vickers hardness test on the laser hardened surface of this metal were measured by a load of 0.5 kgf and 10 seconds dwell time for ten indention points, randomly. It was found that the highest average microhardness value was 281.72 HV on the surface of sample hardened by a laser power of 21 Watt and 40 mm/s scanning speed. Across the cross sectional area, the affected hardened depth was measured at 19 ± 2.5 µm from the surface. In this region, the fine martensitic grain structure was observed, which contributes to the higher microhardness value. Higher laser power produced higher surface hardness, meanwhile higher scanning speed lead to lower surface hardness.
Statistical approach for prediction of thermal properties of CNC and CNC-CuO nanolubricant using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Hisham Sakinah , Kadirgama K , Ramasamy D , Samykano M , Harun W S W , Saidur R
Published: June 2020

In the present work, response surface methodology (RSM) using the miscellaneous design model was performed to optimize thermal properties of Cellulose nonocrystal (CNC) and hybrid of cellulose nanocrystal-copper (II) oxide (CNC-CuO) nanolubricant. Influence of temperature, concentration and type of nanolubricant is used to develop empirical mathematical model by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) with aid of Minitab 18 statistical analysis software. The significance of the developed empirical mathematical model is validated by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). In order to produce second-order polynomial equations for target outputs including thermal conductivity and viscosity, 26 experiments were performed. According to the results, the predicted values were in sensible agreement with the experimental data. In other words, more than 80% of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity variations of the nanolubricant could be predicted by the models, which shows the applied model is precise. The predicted optimized value shown in the optimization plot is 0.1463 for thermal conductivity and 1.6311 for specific heat capacity. The relevant parameters such as concentration, temperature and type of nanolubricant are 81.51°C, 0.1, and the categorical factor is CNC-CuO. The composite shown in the plot is 0.6531. The validation result wit experimental as shown in indicate that the model can predict the optimal experimental conditions well.
Surface assessments of EDMed mould steel
Authors: Yong Yaowei , Yang Lei
Published: June 2020

To meet the requirement of the mould industry, the new mould steels are sprung out to improve its properties such as toughness, corrosion resistance etc. However, there are some defections on the finish surface such as cracks, pores etc. In the paper, the two mould steels are chosen to study, one of which has nitrogen element while the other doesn’t have. The relationship between current, pulse on duration and EDM characteristic for two material are studied, and the influence of nitrogen on the cracks and pores are analysed as well. The results show that larger peak current will cause rough surface and little crack in the surface, while the high pulse on duration will increase the surface roughness and crack density. The existed of nitrogen achieves more pores on the surface, and the quantity of pores increases when lengthens the pulse on duration and weaken the peak current.
End milling finite element method for cutting force prediction and material removal analysis
Authors: Suraidah S , Ridzuwan Muhamad , Asmelash Mebrahitom , Azhar Azmir , Mulubrhan Freselam
Published: June 2020

The paper presents an orthogonal cutting finite element model analysis on Aluminum 6061 in order to investigate the effect of different number of cutting tool flutes (two and four) on the von misses stress distribution and analysis of cutting forces in three force direction which are in Fx,Fy,Fz. The machining parameters used in the simulation and experiment was a depth of cut of 3 mm and 6 mm with a recommended machining parameter, a 2-flute and 4-flute end mill cutter used for each case. The results showed that the simulation and experiment indicated that the predicted and the measured cutting force of milling process are in a good agreement and the shape of the chip generated was similar.
The designing analysis process of constituent attributes by using VSM and Six Sigma to enhance the productivity in industry of bearings
Authors: Syaifoelida Fevi , Amin Isamir , Megat Hamdan A M
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this paper is to study the process and production flow in the manufacturing of bearings, to analyse the designing process of constituent attributes towards manufacturing tool to enhance the productivity in manufacturing of bearings and to propose the factors that will increase the productivity rate in the manufacturing of bearings. Based on several literature reviews of regarding lean manufacturing tools, it was acknowledged that lean is a technique that is significant to enhance the performance of service at various industries through spotting and tackling its criticalities. There are five principles of lean thinking in which it is identify the value, mapping the value stream, creating flow, establishing pull and seeking perfection. There are various lean manufacturing tools that can be used to improve productivity, however for this paper is to study the value stream mapping (VSM) along with six sigma methodology are combined to analyse the productivity rate and propose factors that can enhance productivity. The wastes allocated in this study were successfully obtained through 7 lean type of wastes which are overproduction, defect, inventory, inappropriate processing, transportation, waiting and motion. Lastly, the proposed factors were to improve working environment along with motivation of workers and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) to improve productivity in this bearing manufacturing factory.
Effects of blood flow patent and cross-sectional area on hemodynamic into patient-specific cerebral aneurysm via fluid-structure interaction method: A review
Authors: Najihah Mohd Nazri Nurul , Uzair Matalif Muhammad , Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib Mohd
Published: June 2020

Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation is carried out to investigate the blood flow analysis in different patient-specific cerebral aneurysms. In this study, we reviewed the studies done on the numerical simulation of blood flow in patient-specific aneurysm by using FSI analysis methods. Based on these studies, the wall shear stress (WSS) plays an important role in the development, growth, and rupture of the cerebral aneurysm. Prediction of the hemodynamic forces near the aneurysmal site helps to understand the formation and rupture of the aneurysms better. Then most of the aneurysms studied are located in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In the existing considered, many researchers are more familiar with the experimental method in studies of blood flow through cerebral aneurysm compared to the numerical method. Nevertheless, numerical simulation of patient-specific cerebral aneurysms can give a better understanding and clear visualization of WSS distribution and fluid flow pattern in the aneurysm region.
Simulation analysis of different bone scaffold porous structures for fused deposition modelling fabrication process
Authors: Tang M S , Abdul Kadir A Z , Ngadiman N H A
Published: June 2020

Porous structure of bone scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering applications. The nature of scaffold structure such as porosity, porous structure, pore size and pore interconnectivity can strongly affect the mechanical strength and transportation of nutrients throughout the scaffold in human body. Due to the complexity of internal scaffold structure, Additive Manufacturing (AM) system of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a promising technology to fabricate scaffold with desired design and properties. In this study, mechanical properties of different Polylactic acid (PLA) porous scaffold porous scaffold designs such as circle and square with pore sizes range 1 mm to 2 mm at targeted porosity of up to 80% were explored. Combination of different shape designs and pore sizes were simulated using ABAQUS. The compressive modulus outcomes of the PLA porous structure for circle and square were in the range of 1.0 to 1.2GPa respectively. Circle porous structure showed better performance, while square porous structure contains sharp edges which produce high concentration stress and resulting to lower elastic modulus. The stiffness increases in combination of different pore sizes which leads to higher Young’s Modulus. It should be noted that, the benefits of this simulation analysis may perform preliminary prediction of bone scaffold Young’s Modulus before further experimental processes and biological cell proliferation activities. As a conclusion, determination of an ideal scaffold through design and simulation analysis may assist the fabrication of bone scaffold through FDM at enhanced material properties.
A web-based ergonomics assessment system for prioritizing critical work-related musculoskeletal disorders risk factor
Authors: Abdul Aziz Fazilah , Ghazalli Zakri , Mohd Zuki Mohamed Nik
Published: June 2020

Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is one of critical health disease, and large numbers of industry workers are not even aware they have it due to a lack of ergonomics knowledge. This paper seeks to describe the development of a web-based ergonomics assessment system (W-BEAS) for risk factors that lead to WMSD growth. There are four main ergonomics risk factors, and 26 sub-factors have selected based on literature review, discussions with experts and questionnaire survey among automotive production workers. These factors employed in the analytic hierarchy structure (AHP) model for analysis purpose. The integration of AHP and the web-based expert system (WBES) were developed to support the W-BEAS. W-BEAS had pre-tested and evaluated by ten experienced workers of an automotive component manufacturer. The inconsistency ratio for all comparison module ranged from 0 to 0.045, shows that the judgment is consistent because of value less than 0.1. Respondents considered organizational risk factor (OF=0.544) is the most critical to lead the WMSD growth. The respondents achieve an average of 3.95 for both content satisfaction and system satisfaction. Respondents were satisfied with WBEAS content and system performance. The preliminary results confirmed that the W-BEAS effectively helped workers to identify the critical ergonomics risk factors. The existence of the W-BEAS application that has designed is expected to be an ergonomics assessment tool to guide workers in decision-making, and provide the best solution that meets employer needs, so WMSD critical risk resolved effectively and efficiently.
A study on the enforcement strategy for safety and health compliance in manufacturing sector in Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Ramli , Rasdan Ismail Ahmad , Kamilah Makhtar Nor
Published: June 2020

Safety and health aspect should always be part of manufacturing system so that every stage of the manufacturing process and activities will expose no risk to more than a millions workers involved in this sector. In Malaysia, manufacturing sector is under the jurisdiction of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and Factory and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA) which are enforced by the Department of Occupational and Health (DOSH). The objective of the study is to study the enforcement strategy carried out by DOSH officers whether it is persuasive, punitive or combination of both. Persuasion and punishment refer to the type of action taken by the enforcement officers against the errand employers. Making remarks in a log book, giving out directive letters and issuing notices (Notice of Prohibition, NOI and Notice of Improvement, NOP) are considered persuasive whilst opening an investigation paper (IP) for the purpose of offering compound and bringing the matter to court are considered punitive. The study depends on DOSH’s statistic i.e. OSH enforcement activities and action taken by its officers against errand employers during enforcement activities. The statistic shows that DOSH use both persuasion and punishment strategies during occupational safety and health (OSH) enforcement activities, but the use of persuasion is too glaring i.e. as much as 98.5% from the total number of actions taken against errand employers.
Optimisation of the lateral buckling strength of corrugated composite material plate by neural networks method
Authors: Al-Khafaji Hussein M H
Published: June 2020

Enhancing the buckling strength of laminated composite materials can be achieved in numerous ways. One method involves corrugating the laminated composite material in one direction. Corrugation provides good buckling strength in the direction perpendicular to the corrugation but a low buckling strength in the same direction as the corrugation. This investigation used composite materials strips implanted in the direction of the laminate’s corrugation to modify the ability to buckle without excessive weight on the laminate. Finite elements were applied to analyse the problem. In addition, to overcome the extensive computational requirements, a neural network (NN) system was utilised to model the study case and then optimise the structure. The NN was trained by the results of the finite elements. The parameters examined and their effects on buckling strength include the number of strips, number of layers of strips and dimension of strips. Results confirmed that the technique of strengthening the laminate using strips in the direction of corrugation waves is beneficial for increasing the critical buckling load. Specifically, the optimisation result presented an increase of 52 times in the buckling load strength versus approximately twice the increase in the mass of the plate. Using the NN to simulate and optimise the structure is a powerful approach that consumes less time than employing the finite element method.
Evaluation of high-temperature tribological behavior of Chromium coating using LRT
Authors: Chaudhary S , Singh R C , Chaudhary R , Sonia
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chromium coating on the tribological performance of the tribopair. The tribological investigation was carried out for different temperature, load and frequency and coefficient of friction and specific wear rate was calculated. The experiments were performed at 3 different levels of loads (10, 20, 30 N), frequency (24, 30, 36 Strokes/sec) and Temperature (40, 80, 120 °C) using a linear reciprocating tribometer. The L9 orthogonal array as per the Taguchi technique was used to analyze the effect of various input parameters and specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF) were taken as output parameters. The coated surface showed better tribological behavior as compared to cast iron. The temperature had maximum influence on the tribological behavior followed by load and frequency.
Degradation and stability of polymer: A mini review
Authors: Sazali N , Ibrahim H , Jamaludin A S , Mohamed M A , Salleh W N W , Abidin M N Z
Published: June 2020

Observations of alterations in the structural and chemical properties have been commonly performed to understand the process by which polymers degrade. The validity of each observational procedure depends primarily on the test material and type of degradation. An appropriate method for the characterization of polymers can often be utilized to examine the properties of degradation. The service life of a polymer depends strongly on the conditions to which the material is subjected. On the other hand, the stability of the material, including nanocomposite polymer blends, often dictates its usefulness. Thus, this review was aimed to evaluate the degradation of nanocomposite polymer blends, with specific focus on the role of the fillers and the composition of the blends. The factors that could significantly affect the degradation of the same were the presence of a filler, as well as the morphology and composition of the blends.
Flextural properties of 3D printed Copper-Filler Polylactic Acid (Cu-PLA)
Authors: Kesavarma S , Lee E H , Samykano M , Kadirgama K , Rahman M M , Sofiah A G N
Published: June 2020

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology is among the lowest cost 3D printing technology for processing thermoplastic and composite materials. FDM has been highly used in additive manufacturing due to its ability to process complex parts with accurate dimension and lowest cost possible. FDM technology has limited working temperature; hence the materials used in FDM such as polylactic acid (PLA) have a relatively low melting temperature. The drawback of these thermoplastic printed through FDM is the lack of mechanical strength and properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity to print functional part. These problems have led to the development of new composite filament for FDM technique. In this research, polymer-matrix composite (PMC) with 25 wt.% and 80 wt.% of copper reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) specimens have been printed with different infill patterns (Rectilinear, Grid, Concentric, Octagram-spiral, and Honeycomb) to study its flexural properties. The flexural test was carried out according to ASTM D790. This study found that there is a significant effect of the two parameters towards flexural properties. From the flexural test, the preliminary result of flexural strength and flexural modulus were obtained. The flexural strength is 25.98 MPa achieved by the 25 wt.% Cu composition specimens with Concentric infill pattern. The flexural modulus is 0.3306 GPa achieved by the 80 wt.% Cu composition specimens with Concentric infill pattern.
Optimization design of the in-place-machining tool beam for FRPs bonded repair
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Modi , Mu Song , Su Youliang
Published: June 2020

Inward-bonded Patch technology is a common method for repairing defects and damage of (Fiber Reinforce Plastics) FRP parts. In the project, there is an urgent need for an in-situ machining machine with a concave step structure in the method. Such thin-walled, weakly rigid parts are easily deformed under pressure. Therefore, the machine beam is lightly designed to reduce the influence of compression deformation on the machining quality. In this paper, the annular (basalt fiber polymer composite) BFPC beam of a certain type of in-situ machining machine prototype is taken as the research object. Firstly, based on the analysis of the prototype working conditions, the comprehensive performance index of the beam is clarified. Using the topology optimization technology, the beam topology of the optimal topology is obtained. Finally, the establishment is established. The multi-objective optimization function with regular structural parameters as variables and minimum beam quality and deformation as the target has obtained the optimal topology and optimal performance of the beam structure.
Spark ignition engine performance analysis of liquefied petroleum gas
Authors: Sabariah binti Muhammad Siti , Abu Bakar Rosli bin
Published: June 2020

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consists of propane, propylene, butane and butylene. Currently propane is used as an alternative fuel to gasoline gas for internal combustion engine in vehicles. This is because the targets to achieve near zero emissions from ICE. But, there are the biggest challenges about the reduction of emissions of refining performance and fuel consumption. Thus, the analysis of engine performance of LPG in SI engine has been done. The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the engine performance of SI engine using LPG fuel instead of gasoline fuel by doing a simulation. This paper is based on the zero dimensional models with the single zone model approach. In order to develop a mathematical model, multiple heat transfer equations have been researched. In calculation performed at different engine speeds have been selected for each fuel to make comparisons from engine performance view. The simulation results will show the difference between the engine performance between gasoline and LPG such as brake power, brake torque and indicated specific fuel consumption. In conclusion, by doing a simulation analysis other parameters can be analysed and cut the costs.
Performance assessment of direct injection compressed natural gas vehicle at different injection pressures using speed-sweep test method
Authors: Rahim M F A , Jaafar A A , Mamat R , Taha Z , Alias M H R
Published: June 2020

This paper presents an experimental study on a high-pressure direct injection compressed natural gas engine (HPDI-CNG) vehicle using speed-sweep test method. The objective of this work is to assess the performances of the HPDI-CNG after installation of a new DI configuration on the engine. The gas direct injectors which were converted from gasoline direct injection (GDI) unit injector are side-positioned on an inline 4-cylinder 4 stroke CAMPRO 1.6 engine with minimal cylinder head modification. The original electronic control unit was replaced with a programmable HALTEC controller and the engine was set to operate in bi-fuel mode. The HPDI-CNG vehicle prototype is tested on chassis dynamometer by using speed-sweep test procedure. The tests were carried out in vehicle simulation mode for acceleration from 20 mph to 40 mph based on the ramp input from idle-speed to wide-open throttle opening. The responses of the engine were recorded as transient output data. The HPDI-CNG engine output produced lower performances compared to the same engine with gasoline port injection. This is demonstrated by the maximum engine speed, brake torque and brake power which are recorded to be 2800 rpm, 63 Nm, and 17 kW respectively. It can be concluded that the use of side-positioned direct injector of HPDI-CNG system is unable to increase engine performance if compared to a gasoline port gasoline engine. Moreover, the use of throat- geometry has resulted in a lower performance of HPDI-CNG engine compared to a standard CNG-DI engine. The main factor which affected the HPDI-CNG engine is the ability of the system to deliver sufficient fuel mass at the correct amount and timing as well as the insufficiencies of the air supplies to oxidize the fuel completely.
3D cable-based parallel robot simulation using PD control
Authors: Inel F , Noor M M
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we present a simulator that has been developed using PD control to study 3D cable-based parallel robot with four cables. The proposed control technique is widely used for dealing with linear systems uncertainties, in this context; we investigated to use the Runge Kutta method of 4th order for solving non-linear partial differential equations of our system. The main contribution of this work is firstly: modelling of differential equations of our system. Secondly, the PD control applied to the dynamic model for different trajectories in order to test the accurate tracking of the robot to a desired trajectory. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is improving the robot performance in terms of tracking a desired path.
A method for measuring tire characteristic using brake tester
Authors: Muthoriq Ery , Abidin Zainal , Hariyanto Arief , Bur Mulyadi
Published: June 2020

Slip characteristic of a tire is essential for controlling braking, traction, or stability of a vehicle. In this paper, we propose a new method to measure longitudinal slip characteristic using a developed plate brake tester. The slip is calculated based on the plate displacement instead of the angular speed of the wheel. An algorithm for modelling the relationship between friction force and slip was made using Julien’s Theory. The algorithm was verified through a simulation. With this method, the longitudinal slip characteristic of a tire can be obtained quickly. The brake tester developed in this research is potential to be used as indoor test equipment for simulating a tire in various road conditions.
The potential of wind velocity in the Banda Aceh coast to the ability to generate electrical energy by horizontal axis wind turbines
Authors: Syuhada A , Maulana M I , Syahriza  , Sani M S M , Mamat R
Published: June 2020

The wind is air that moves from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area. Indonesia has the potential of winds that have speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 6 m/s which blow for a period of 6 hours/day. Many researchers have examined what kinds of problems are in the context of wind turbine energy generation. This study discusses the effect of wind speed and variations in the number of turbine blades on the power generated by horizontal wind turbines to rotate generators, case studies on the coast of Banda Aceh. The windmill used is a horizontal turbine propeller type with 5, 6 and 7 blade variations and made from Meranti wood. Electricity data retrieval is done by pairing the generator, so that the data taken in this measurement is in the form of wind speed data (m/s), speed of rotation of the wheel shaft and generator shaft, and generator voltage (V) and electric current generated. Data collection is carried out for 6 days at 3-9 m/s wind speed. The results showed that for wind speeds below 5 m/s it is more ideal to use a small number of turbines and for wind speeds greater than 7 m/s it is better to use a turbine blade with a large number of blades.
Application case of digital twin technology in electric power system
Authors: Hu Chunsheng , Shi Wenbo , Jiang Lekai
Published: June 2020

The electric power system is an important part of the national economy. Substation, as a core element of the electric power system, has problems such as difficulties to supervise. This paper proposes the use of digital twin technology to solve the problem of regulatory difficulties. Firstly, the mathematical model of substation digital twin is established. Then the digital twin engine is designed based on the model, which realizes real-time orientation of the personnel through UWB location technology, realizes real-time monitoring of personnel, work, equipment operation, and work area through job management, realizes real-time monitoring of production data through equipment data mapping, realizes early warning and rapid emergency response through operation rules. At last, the prototype system is developed to verify the function. The experimental results show that the system can effectively improve the supervision capability of the substation. This solution can provide a useful reference for systems with similar needs.