bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the use of drainage or not on blood loss and knee function after primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tan Shuyin , Zhou Yishu , Ma Yukun , Xiong Yang , Yue Xinliang , Wei Jieyun , Meng Letian , Zhao Dingyan , Yu Xing
Published: September 2024

Objective
To observe the impact of drainage on blood indices and knee function recovery in patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 115 patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA for knee osteoarthritis from January 2015 to October 2022 in our hospital. Patients were categorized into two groups: the drainage group (D group) and the non-drainage group (ND group) based on the use of a postoperative drainage tube. Data collected included hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), total theoretical surgical blood loss, degree of knee swelling, knee range of motion, Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (HSS), and visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results
The baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Preoperative HGB and HCT levels were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). Postoperatively, HGB and HCT levels decreased significantly at all time points in both groups compared to preoperative levels (P < 0.05). HGB and HCT levels continued to decline on postoperative day 1 and day 3, rebounding on day 7. At each postoperative time point, HGB and HCT levels were significantly higher in the ND group compared to the D group (P < 0.05). Specific values for HGB on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 were 119.2 ± 11.6, 109.0 ± 11.7, and 112.7 ± 12.2 in the ND group, and 112.9 ± 10.2, 100.1 ± 9.2, and 103.8 ± 9.6 in the D group. HCT levels on the same days were 35.3 ± 3.6, 32.3 ± 3.6, and 33.4 ± 3.8 in the ND group, and 33.2 ± 2.9, 29.5 ± 2.5, and 30.6 ± 2.7 in the D group. Total perioperative blood loss was significantly lower in the ND group (809.4 ± 228.6) compared to the D group (1029.2 ± 203.4) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
For patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA, postoperative drainage may not be necessary. Omitting drainage does not compromise surgical efficacy and does not significantly impact knee swelling or pain levels. Conversely, the use of a drainage tube can lead to increased total blood loss.
Expression of synaptic proteins and development of dendritic spines in fetal and postnatal neocortex of the pig, the European wild boar Sus scrofa
Authors: Sobierajski Eric , Czubay Katrin , Schmidt Marc-André , Wiedenski Sebastian , Rettschlag Sarah , Beemelmans Christa , Beemelmans Christoph , Wahle Petra
Published: September 2024

Synapse formation is a critical step in neuronal development. Current knowledge is largely based on altricial rodents where synapse formation and maturation proceed largely postnatally. In precocially born mammals such as guinea pig presynapse and spine formation start well before birth. Here, we analysed the developmental expression of proteins associated with synapse formation and maturation together with the development of basal dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons of visual and somatosensory cortex of the pig, an emerging translational model for human neurodegenerative disorders. A total of 23 selected proteins was quantified with Western blots. Most were detectable from midgestation embryonal day (E) 65 onwards. About half reached the adult expression level seen in postnatal day (P) 90 pig cortex already two weeks before birth (gestation 114 days) in somatosensory, albeit not yet in visual cortex. For instance, major molecular components of synaptic plasticity such as GluN2B, CamKIIα, α-actinin-2, synaptopodin and T286 phosphorylated CamKIIα were expressed at E100 in somatosensory cortex. Dendritic spine type quantification with DiI-labeled material revealed an increase of total dendritic protrusion from E70 onwards. The increase was steepest in somatosensory cortex which had, at E110, a proportion of mushroom spines equal to the proportion present at P90. Together, matching the ungulate life history, a rapid development of functional synaptic connectivity in prenatal somatosensory cortex serves the somatomotor abilities essentially required by the newborn nest-fledgling. Results support the “cascading” model of a sequential maturation of cortical areas, and in precocial species the cascade starts well before birth.
Results of an observational intervention trial: A promising harm reduction approach for persons with mental health and substance use disorders
Authors: McGirr Kevin , Pratt Sarah , Ferron Joelle
Published: September 2024

Background: Individuals with mental health and substance use disorders smoke at much higher rates and have lower quit rates than the general population. This observational study evaluated the impact of a novel harm reduction intervention model on tobacco use in this group.
Methods: The intervention included weekly support and allowed participants to set personal change goals and to use any of seven “aids” (patch, lozenge, gum, e-cigarettes, varenicline, bupropion, snus) or to decline the use of aids. The support consisted of 24 weeks of brief counseling or "SWITCH It," (8 weeks of coaching on replacing cigarettes with e-cigarettes). Primary outcomes included salivary DNA methylation, breath carbon monoxide (CO), and self-reported cigarettes per day (CPD). Eligibility required fluency in English or Spanish, salivary DNA methylation score <68, receipt of public health services, and the capacity to provide consent, but did not require an intention to quit. Qualitative data included focus groups, individual staff interviews, and counselor notes regarding barriers to change. Participants received modest compensation for interventions and data collection. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, t-tests, and longitudinal multiple regression models.
Results: Analyses included 270 eligible individuals. There were significant increases in salivary DNA methylation scores from baseline to 6 and 12 months, and reductions over 6 months in CPD and breath CO. More weeks using e-cigarettes was associated with greater reduction in CPD and CO, but not salivary DNA methylation. Fewer years of smoking was associated with greater reduction in CPD. Most (85%) participants chose to use e-cigarettes, followed by FDA-approved nicotine replacement; very few individuals elected to use medications or snus. Participants appreciated the flexibility, lack of pressure to stop smoking, easy access to pharmacotherapy, and longer-term nature of the behavioral support. Examining cessation based on CO<6, outcomes resembled other large community-based trials in which desire to quit smoking was required.
Conclusions: While the results demonstrate some promise in reducing tobacco use, it appears that most individuals require a more sustained commitment on the part of behavioral systems to enhance continued tobacco reduction.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04523948.
Braving the Dark: Mental Health Challenges and Academic Performance of Ukrainian University Students During the War
Authors: Pinchuk Irina , Feldman Inna , Seleznova Violetta , Virchenko Volodymyr
Published: September 2024

Purpose The paper aims to analyse the impact of mental health problems on the academic performance of university students using data from a cross-sectional survey of Ukrainian university students during the war. The prevalence of mental health problems among students with their subsequent division into different severity groups is investigated.Methods The study combines a cross-sectional survey method to collect data and a regression analysis technique to identify mental health problems that have the most negative impact on students' academic performance during the war. The survey questionnaire includes a demographic section, mental health screening tools, as well as Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Special Health Problems (WPAI: SHP) section, adapted for the purpose of the study. The data sample includes responses from 1398 university students from different regions of Ukraine.Results According to survey data 85.8% of all respondents had depression symptoms, 66.1% – anxiety symptoms, 56.9% – symptoms of sleep disorder, and 48.1% – PTSD symptoms. Results of econometric modeling confirms the devastating effect of mental health problems on academic performance of university students during the war, in particular, a severe depression symptoms, anxiety disorder symptoms and sleep disorder symptoms are associated with 17.4%, 12.2% and 11.0% decrease in academic performance of university students, respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of mental health problems and related academic performance impairment among students during wartime become a challenge for the successful recovery of Ukrainian society and therefore require a quick response at both the institutional and public policy levels.
Adaptive Divergence and Functional Convergence: The Evolution of Pulmonary Gene Expression in Amphibians of the Qingzang Plateau
Authors: Chang Liming , Zhu Wei , Chen Qiheng , Zhao Chunlin , Sui Lulu , Shen Cheng , Zhang Qunde , Wang Bin , Jiang Jianping
Published: September 2024

Background
The Qingzang Plateau, with its harsh environmental conditions—low oxygen, high ultraviolet radiation, and significant temperature fluctuations—demands specialized adaptations for survival. While extensive research has focused on genetic adaptations to these extreme conditions, the role of gene expression in amphibian adaptation remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to investigate pulmonary gene expression variation across multiple amphibian species on the plateau, seeking to understand how genetic and environmental factors contribute to gene expression evolution in these challenging environments.
Results
Our analysis reveals significant variation in pulmonary gene expression among amphibian species, driven by both genetic diversity and environmental pressures. Contrary to the predictions of the unbounded neutral evolution model, we found no significant correlation between gene expression divergence and genetic distance. Instead, species-specific characteristics and environmental factors, such as UVB radiation, oxygen availability, and temperature, significantly influence gene expression patterns. For example, B. gargarizans exhibited high gene expression responsiveness to multiple environmental factors, while S. boulengeri showed limited responsiveness, suggesting different adaptive strategies among species. Despite divergence in specific gene expression profiles, functional enrichment analysis highlighted a convergence in critical biological processes like angiogenesis, ATP binding, and cellular responses to environmental stressors, which are vital for high-altitude survival.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the evolution of gene expression in high-altitude amphibians is complex, with both genetic and environmental factors playing significant roles. The convergence in essential biological functions, despite divergence in specific gene expression profiles, underscores the shared adaptive requirements of high-altitude environments. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of gene expression evolution and highlight the importance of considering both genetic and environmental components when studying adaptation in extreme habitats.
Enhancing movement opportunity and fulfilling behavioural needs for movement- restricted cattle by providing different conditions of access to exercise
Authors: Cellier Marjorie , Shepley Elise , Aigueperse Nadège , Robichaud Marianne Villettaz , Vasseur Elsa
Published: September 2024

Intensification in animal productions has led to increased indoor confinement for animals, thereby limiting their opportunities to fulfill some behavioural needs such as exploration and locomotion. This poses a crucial question as to how these restrictions can be alleviated by providing additional space designed with that specific purpose in mind. Working with cows housed in a movement-restricted environment, our study aimed to: 1) quantify how providing an exercise area outside the normal housing environment affects locomotor behaviour; 2) evaluate how exercise access conditions can contribute to optimize benefits for animals; 3) investigate the cows’ time budgets during exercise access. Six trials involving different exercise access conditions (indoor vs outdoor, outing duration, exercise area size) enrolled 141 tie-stall-housed lactating Holsteins. A meta-analysis compared daily steps for exercise vs non-exercise treatments, while generalized linear mixed models determined exercise conditions’ impact on daily steps. Providing 1-hour exercise access increased daily steps by 53% (304 more steps), influenced by type of access (167 more steps outdoor vs indoor), larger space (146 more steps) and longer outings (84 more steps). Cows spent 50–85% of exercise time idle, exploring (5–20%) and socializing (5%). Our results highlight the significant impact of 1h daily exercise on movement-restricted cattle.
Point prevalence survey on healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Ukrainian acute care hospitals: results of the pilot survey in 2021
Authors: Vodianyk Arkadii , Diomin Eugene , Kolesnyk Roman , Panasiuk Maria , Rehse Ana Paula Coutinho , Vatcheva-Dobrevska Rossitza
Published: September 2024

Background
According to official statistics, 2611 cases of health care associated infections (HAI) were reported in 2019 in Ukraine, however true burden of HAI remains unknown. The pilot point prevalence survey (PPS) of HAI and antimicrobial use was organized in Ukrainian acute care hospitals in 2021 to assess prevalence of HAI and antimicrobial use.
Methods
Five acute healthcare facilities participated in the point prevalence survey applying European Centre’s for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) protocol “Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals” (version 5.3). Hospital and patient data were collected during March-April 2021. In total, 1,373 patients were included. Analysis of data was conducted using HelicsWin.Net (HWN).
Results
The HAI prevalence among the five hospitals was 5,7% (95% CI: 4,5% – 6,9%). 93% of HAI were detected during the period of hospitalization, and 7% were present on admission and were associated with another hospital. HAI prevalence was 16,7% in intensive care units, and 7,6% in surgical units. HAIs were less prevalent in medical and obstetrics/gynecology units − 3,0% and 1,9% respectively. Surgical site infections were the most prevalent type of HAI – 33,7%. Antimicrobial (AM) prescription prevalence was 36.9% (CI 95% 34.5–39.5%).
Conclusions
The PPS was instrumental to raise awareness regarding HAI and antimicrobial use. The pilot PPS results indicate that current official statistics may not quantify the actual HAI burden in the country. A nationwide PPS is highly recommended to further understand the extent of the HAI burden in Ukraine, and to support implementation of tailored infection prevention and control measures.
Automation of Opinion Analysis in Social Networks Using Transformers
Authors: Ruiz Alberto González , Honrubia Antonio Jesús Díaz , Ruiz Ernestina Menasalvas , Galán Luis Mengual
Published: September 2024

The analysis of opinions on social networks is a fundamental task to understand perceptions and trends within online communities. This work presents an automated methodology based on transformers, a deep learning architecture that has proven highly effective in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Automation using transformers allows for faster and more accurate analysis of large volumes of textual data, providing valuable insights for decision-making. The main challenges are discussed, and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Cell-type-specific response in host plants to the co-infection by sweet potato viruses
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Lyu Ruiqing , Fan Weijuan , Wang Yuqin , Pattanaik Sitakanta , Zhou Xuguo , Yu Yang , Liu Yongliang , Yang Jun , Li Yongqing , Yuan Ling
Published: September 2024

Host-virus interactions determine infection outcomes, with cellular heterogeneity playing a critical role in the dynamic interplay between host immune responses and viral evasion strategies. While animal and plant viruses use different mechanisms for cell entry, viral tropism is essential for pathogenesis across both kingdoms. To examine this overarching hypothesis, we studied sweet potato virus disease, the most devastating disease affecting sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), which involves synergistic co-infection by the aphid-transmitted sweet potato feathery mottle virus and the whitefly-transmitted sweet potato leaf curl virus. By integrating single-cell RNA-Seq profiling with phenotypic assessments, we mapped virus specificity to a particular cell type within the host plant. As a result, we: 1) generated a comprehensive cellular atlas of sweet potato leaves, documenting the transcriptional response of 38,526 cells during co-infection; 2) traced virus-infected cells by examining viral genomic reads in each cell; 3) identified a tissue tropism in mesophyll, suggesting that selectively targeting cells with highly active cellular machinery is a common theme during infection by both plant and animal viruses; and finally 4) identified and characterized VIPE1, an AP2/ERF family transcription factor that contributes to viral resistance in sweet potato. These findings highlight the differential susceptibility and immune responses at both host and virus levels, underscoring the importance of understanding specific cellular and molecular features in developing targeted strategies for managing plant viruses.
Agronomy, not genetics nor climate change, explains wheat yield plateaus in Northwest Europe
Authors: Silva Joao , Rijk Bert , Berghuijs Herman , de Wit Allard , Reidsma Pytrik , Ittersum Martin van
Published: September 2024

Northwest Europe experienced considerable increases in wheat yield until the mid-1990s, but no further progress was reported since then. Estimating the relative contributions of improved genetics, historical climate change, and agronomic management to this yield plateau is required to understand if yield increases are possible in future. Analysis of high-quality experimental data (1972-2013) revealed yield gains due to improved genetics of 90 kg ha-1 yr-1. Thus far, yield gains due to historical climate change (1972-2016) of 55 kg ha-1 yr-1 were estimated using a well-validated crop model. Given the absence of genetic and climatic yield ceilings, we conclude agronomic management is responsible for the yield plateau in Northwest Europe, constraining yield progress by 100 kg ha-1 yr-1 or more. Breaking the wheat yield plateau in Northwest Europe will require incentives for farmers to prioritize investments in wheat production over other, more profitable, crops.
Comparison of Algorithms for the Recognition of ChatGPT Paraphrased Texts
Authors: Kartelj Aleksandar , Mladenovic Miljana , Stankovic Stasa Vujicic
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of artificial intelligence, especially chatbots, is leading to new forms of plagiarism that are difficult to detect using existing methods. Paraphrasing tools make this problem even more difficult and are incredible in minor languages with inadequate resources and tools. This study explores strategies that can help detect plagiarism generated by ChatGPT 4.0 and altered by paraphrasing tools. We propose two new datasets consisting of abstracts of doctoral theses in English and Serbian. Both datasets were subjected to ChatGPT paraphrasing, which allowed us to form two classes of texts: human-generated and AI-generated, i.e. AI-paraphrased. We then perform a comprehensive comparison of 19 widely used classification algorithms based on two feature sets, namely word unigrams and character multigrams. In addition, we compare these to the results of a commercially available pre-trained ChatGPT content detector, ZeroGPT. The results on the English corpus turn out to be very accurate, achieving an accuracy of 95% or more. In contrast, the results on the Serbian corpus were less accurate, achieving an accuracy of just over 85%. We attribute this difference to the lower ability of ChatGPT to parahprase in minor languages such as Serbian.
Introduction of Nicotine Analogue-Containing Oral Pouch Products in the United States
Authors: Jordt Sven E. , Jabba Sairam V.
Published: September 2024

Background: In 2023, 6-methyl nicotine (6MN), a synthetic nicotine analogue, was introduced in US-marketed electronic cigarette products advertised as exempt from regulation. It is unknown whether the use of 6MN has spread to the oral nicotine pouch product category that has become increasingly popular.
Methods: Industry reports and the USPTO database were searched for informationon 6-methyl nicotine products. The search terms “Metatine”, “Nixotine”, “Imotine” and “pouches” were shortlisted and used to identify US-marketed pouch products. Ingredient contents were compared to popular products, and safety warnings and regulatory statements assessed in context with US state and federal regulations.
Results: Two US-based brands, "MG" and "Hippotine" pouches, were identified in August 2024, advertised to contain "Imotine"-trademarked 6MN. MG Pouches are marketed in four youth-appealing flavors. "Hippotine"-branded pouches are marketed in two flavors. 6MN contents ranged between 8mg - 25mg with almost identical ingredient lists otherwise. Products list extensive addiction and health warnings, including warnings not to operate vehicles. Vendors state that these are not a tobacco product, implicating that federal and state tobacco regulations do not apply.
Conclusions:
The spread of nicotine analogues to additional product categories such as oral pouches is concerning, especially given the high 6MN contents that exceed nicotine contents in popular US-marketed oral nicotine pouch products. Legislators and regulators need to provide certainty about the regulatory status of nicotine analogues to prevent further erosion of tobacco flavor bans and other regulations.
Real-space approach for the Euler class and fragile topology in quasicrystals and amorphous lattices
Authors: Li Dexin , Wang Citian , Huang Huaqing
Published: September 2024

We propose a real-space formalism of the topological Euler class, which characterizes the fragile topology of two-dimensional systems with real wave functions. This real-space description is characterized by local Euler markers whose macroscopic average coincides with the Euler number, and it applies equally well to periodic and open boundary conditions for both crystals and noncrystalline systems. We validate this by diagnosing topological phase transitions in clean and disordered crystalline systems with the reality endowed by the space-time inversion symmetry \mathcal{I}_{ST}ℐST. Furthermore, we demonstrated the topological Euler phases in quasicrystals and even in amorphous lattices lacking any spatial symmetries. Our work not only provides a local characterization of the fragile topology but also significantly extends its territory beyond \mathcal{I}_{ST}ℐST-symmetric crystalline materials.
Exploring cross-cultural variations in perceived soft skills among business students: A comparative analysis between Jordan and Hungary
Authors: Baniismail Mohamedbashir , Juhász Tímea
Published: September 2024

The study aims to examine similarities and differences in the way business students from different cultural backgrounds perceive soft skills based on Geert Hofstede’s cultural model. Four business universities in Jordan and one in Hungary were included in the study. Both samples included 313 respondents. The main reason for selecting business students was that soft skills are essential for finding a job in the professional labor market. The quantitative analysis was carried out using a questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results confirmed a difference between Jordanian and Hungarian cultures in the perception of the importance of soft skills, which can be attributed to cultural differences. The Jordanian respondents gave the highest mean scores for their own skills in communication (M: 4.28), teamwork (M: 4.22), ethical skills (M: 4.17), and self-awareness (M: 4.17), while the Hungarian sample gave the highest mean score for teamwork (M: 4.29), ethical skills (M: 4.23), and empathy (M: 4.19). Furthermore, students also differed in terms of which skills they thought employers valued as necessary for a career starter. Jordanian young people gave the highest average score to responsibility (M: 4.12) and admitting when wrong (M: 4.41), while Hungarians gave the highest average score to communication (M: 4.13) and problem-solving (M: 4.10).
The Effectiveness of Point-of-View Video Modeling in Improving Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Çınar Esra , Sazak Duman Elif
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The aim of thee current research was to investigate the effectiveness of point-of-view video modeling in enhancing the symbolic play skills of 3 children with autism spectrum disorder. In the point-of-view video modeling (VM), the researchers were carrying or holding the video camera at eye level (from the perspective of the child) and without recording models (person) to demonstrate the play environment as a child would see it when carrying out the target skills. To this end, 9 scenarios related to all sub-titles of symbolic play skills were prepared in the study.
Method: In the research conducted with 3 5-year-old male students, a multiple probe design across participants, which is among the single-subject research designs. For this purpose, 9 scenarios were prepared for all subheadings of symbolic play skills and videos were prepared.
Findings: The research found that point-of-view video modeling effectively improved the symbolic play skills of the participants with autism spectrum disorder, the participants could maintain these skills, and the social validity of the study was high.
Discussion: The research demonstrated that VM effectively increased the number of correct responses for all 3 children when they played with actual and imaginary objects. Furthermore, all children maintained relatively high performance during the 5 weeks after the intervention. The findings of the current research make a contribution to the literature on the usage of point-of-view VM to develop symbolic play skills with imaginary objects for children with autism.
Impact of land cover changes on land surface temperature variations in Adama City, Ethiopia
Authors: Roba Zenebe Reta , Aiymeku Tigist Girum , Gurmessa Tekalign Tadesse
Published: September 2024

Land surface temperature (LST) is becoming a serious environmental issue, since it is an essential controller of city climate. Currently, addressing this challenge in urban planning has gained worldwide importance. The study aims to analyze the effect of land cover dynamics on LST using geographic information system and remote sensing techniques. In this study, Landsat 7 ETM+ (2002) and Landsat 8 TIRS (2022) data were used. The LST was retrieved from Landsat datasets. The correlation analyses were conducted on LST, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The findings suggested that there was a negative correlation between LST and the NDVI, while a positive correlation existed with the NDBI. Moreover, NDBI was found to be a better predictor of LST than NDVI. Additionally, it was revealed that the proportion of dense and sparse vegetation cover was reduced from 24.14 km2 (17.47%) in 2002 to 18.17 km2 (13.15%) in 2022. Similarly, the average LST increased from 28.25 to 31.78°C. This indicated that the rapid growth of urban development was the primary factor behind the rise in LST. Therefore, it was deemed crucial to create a smart urban land use plan to mitigate the impacts of microclimate change.
Conjunctive use in water resource management: current trends and future directions
Authors: sekar Aakash , Valliammai A. , Nagarajan M. , Sivakumar S. D. , Baskar M. , Sujitha E.
Published: September 2024

Water scarcity and the nееd for sustainable water management practices are pressing global challenges. Conjunctive use, a united management of both surface water and groundwater resources, is being progressively considered as one of the fundamental approaches to solving these issues. This paper gives a detailed overview of the conjunctive use in water resource management considering the present tendencies and directions of development in this sphere. The present study relies on a diverse variety of literature resources which integrate the new techniques, equipment, and policies in respect to conjunctive use. It covers important issues like hydrological modeling, innovative groundwater recharge methods, and integrating conjunctive use techniques into adaptive management system. Moreover, the review also evaluates the roles of different parties, such as government agencies, communities, and industries, involved in the conjunctive use approaches and the promotion of collaborative governance mechanisms. This review identifies that while the conjunctive use approaches are very promising for solutions to water security, fragmented management and poor data integration constrain them. The paper conducts an all-embracing analysis that pinpoints the upcoming problems and solutions, and discovers the need for extensive research and innovation to make the conjunctive water resources management more efficient and resilient.
Ultrasound-assisted Synthesis of Novel 4-[3-acetyl-2-(N-alkyl(aryl)acetamido)-1,3, 4-thiadiazol-5-yl]-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazoles: Anticancer Activities, Apoptotic, Cell Cycle, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies
Authors: Alsolimani Ayat K. , Ali Tarik E. , Assiri Mohammed A. , Shati Ali A. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Elbehairi Serag E.I.
Published: September 2024

A novel series of 4-[3-acetyl-2-(N-alkyl(aryl)acetamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]-
3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazoles (2a-i) and 3 was synthesized
in good yields. The methodology was depended on a one-pot four-components
reaction of hydrazine hydrate, alkyl(aryl) isothiocyanate, 3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(4-
phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde (1), and acetic anhydride in acetic acid
under ultrasound irradiation. The spectral tools confirmed the structures of all synthesized
compounds. Using the standard SRB method, the designed compounds were screened for
their in vitro cytotoxicity properties against PC3, HepG2, and HCT116 human cancer cell
lines. Products 2a and 2c worked best against all cancer cells tested, as well as doxorubicin.
Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses were performed for the bioactive products 2a and 2c.
Both products strongly impacted all tumor cells in the late apoptotic pathway and significantly inhibited all
cancer cell types under investigation in both the S and G2 phases. After that, a molecular docking study was
carried out on products 2a and 2c to investigate how they interact with the CDK-8 receptor. The ADMET prediction
suggested that these bioactive products may be effective anticancer treatments.
Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Combinative Therapy of
Ligusticum striatum DC. and Borneolum against Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Ruan Ming , Lv Gaohong , Wang Xueqing , Deng Fengjiao , Xia Tianya , Yu Bin , Liu Shengjin
Published: September 2024

Background:

Ligusticum striatum DC. (LDC) is often prescribed for Cerebral Ischemia (CI) and is commonly combined with Borneolum (BO) to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
However, its specific active ingredients and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify the active ingredients and mechanisms of LDC and BO
combination therapy against CI using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo
experiments.

Methods:

Potential active ingredients and targets were sourced from relevant databases, and a
drug-component-target-disease network was constructed to pinpoint key ingredients. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted to confirm the key targets. Following enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), molecular docking was employed to evaluate binding energies. Finally, the
therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the combination against CI were validated through in vivo
experiments using male ICR mice

Results:

Venn analysis identified a total of 41 components and 292 potential targets. The drugcomponent-target-disease network revealed that the key components in LDC were palmitic acid,
tetramethylpyrazine, and (Z)-ligustilide, while those in BO were (+)-borneol, β-elemene, and (-)-
borneol. The PPI analysis highlighted seven crucial targets. Docking results confirmed a stable
affinity between these components and their targets. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that
the mechanism involved the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Subsequently, in vivo experiments
confirmed that the combination ameliorated abnormal hippocampus morphology and reduced the
release of inflammatory factors through the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Conclusion:

The combination of LDC and BO markedly improved CI and inhibited inflammation response via activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Histotripsy: A Promising Modality for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Parashar Ashish Kumar , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Arora Vandana
Published: September 2024

Histotripsy is an innovative non-invasive modality utilizing high-intensity focused ultrasound to induce mechanical tissue disruption via controlled cavitation. It represents a promising
approach in oncology, offering a targeted alternative to conventional cancer therapies. The
method relies on precise acoustic energy to create microbubbles that implode, causing cellular destruction within the targeted area while sparing surrounding tissues. In this review, we have explored the foundational principles underlying histotripsy, outlining how it leverages the physics of
sound and cavitation to achieve precise tissue disruption. We have delved into the specific mechanisms by which histotripsy induces cell death. This review provides an overview of the current
clinical applications of histotripsy in the treatment of various cancers, highlighting its benefits and
the clinical outcomes reported thus far. Further, the review examines the breadth of ongoing research related to histotripsy. Looking to the future, the review discusses the promising implications of histotripsy for revolutionizing cancer care.
Innovative Bedaquiline-Based Delivery Systems for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Ahmad Asad , Akhtar Juber , Ahmad Mohammad , Islam Anas , Badruddeen  , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Khan Mohsin Vahid , Owais Mohammad
Published: September 2024

The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the most challenging tasks in tuberculosis treatment. Conventional TB treatment regimens have proven ineffective in treating MDR-TB, thus demanding the development of new drugs followed by delivery systems. Bedaquiline, a novel anti-TB drug, has been reported to inhibit the ATP synthase required for the growth and replication of TB bacteria. Bedaquiline is able to target the persistent or latent form of TB, which remains difficult to treat with conventional drugs. This makes bedaquiline an important drug in the fight against MDR-TB. The drug has been approved by the US FDA as well as European Medicines Agency and is now widely used as part of combination therapy for the treatment of MDR-TB. Bedaquiline and its ad-vanced drug delivery system play a key role in tackling MDR-TB, providing a much-needed boost to control and eventually eliminate the disease. However, the cost of the drug remains a concern, and efforts are underway to make bedaquiline more accessible and affordable to patients in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, the development of bedaquiline nanofor-mulations represents a significant step forward in the fight against TB and offers hope to millions of patients across the globe.
Nanoemulgel: A Comprehensive Review of Formulation Strategies, Characterization, Patents and Applications
Authors: Ansari Afshan , Verma Madhu , Majhi Sagarika
Published: September 2024

Background:

Delivering hydrophobic or poorly soluble drugs has become increasingly
challenging, with issues like stability and bioavailability complicating the process. Among various
strategies devised to address these problems, nanoemulgels have proven effective. Nanoemulgels
combine a gel base and an emulsion at the nanoscale, making them excellent for drug delivery. The
nanoemulsion component protects the active ingredient from degradative reactions like hydrolysis
and enzymatic degradation. Meanwhile, the gel base enhances the emulsion's thermodynamic stability
by increasing the viscosity of the aqueous phase and reducing surface and interfacial tension.

Objective:

The primary objective of this review was to explore nanoemulgels as a drug delivery system
in the pharmaceutical industry. It delves into the advantages and applications of nanoemulgels
in various medical fields, compares them with conventional emulgel, and examines formulation
strategies, preparation methods, patent trends, future prospects, and evaluation methods in detail.

Methods:

An exhaustive literature survey was conducted keeping in view the various aspects of
nanoemulgel. Information from various resources, such as books, review articles, scientific reports,
research articles, and patents, were searched, read, analyzed, and summarized.

Conclusion:

This review article thoroughly examines nanoemulgels, discussing their formulation
strategies, characterization techniques, and applications in various fields. It highlights their benefits,
such as enhanced drug solubility, controlled release, improved stability, and targeted delivery. The
article also covers patents related to nanoemulgel technology and explores its future prospects, emphasizing
potential applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dermatology, and other industries.
Deep Ensemble Learning using Transfer Learning for Food Classification
Authors: Nijhawan Rahul , Koundal Deepika , Kaur Anoop , Thukral Anshika , Verma Amit
Published: September 2024

Aim:

Deep learning models, such as deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs),
have undergone extensive scrutiny in the context of food classification because of their exceptional
feature extraction capabilities.

Background:

Similarly, ensemble-based learning approaches have exhibited great potential for
achieving effective supervised classification.

Objective:

We suggest an innovative approach to improve the effectiveness of deep learningbased
food classification.

Method:

Our proposal involves a novel deep learning ensemble framework that draws inspiration
from the fusion of deep learning models with ensemble learning based on random subspaces.
The random subspaces play a role in diversifying the ensemble system in a straightforward
but impactful way. Moreover, to enhance the classification accuracy even more, we explore
transfer learning, employing the migration of acquired weights from a single classifier to
another (namely, CNNs). This approach expedites the process of learning.

Result:

Results from experiments conducted using well-established food datasets illustrate that
the suggested deep learning ensemble system delivers competitive performance compared to
state-of-the-art techniques, as evidenced by its classification accuracy.

Conclusion:

The amalgamation of deep learning and ensemble learning holds substantial
promise for dependable food categorization.
Leading-Edge Sentiment Analysis: A Survey of Application Context, Challenges and Advanced Techniques
Authors: Wadhvani Barkha , Mehta Jigesh , Singh Kaushal , Oza Ankit , Kumar Sandeep , Gupta Sarita , Sobti Rajeev
Published: September 2024

Background:

Data is rapidly expanding in today's digital age. The reason for the
expansion of data is due i to social media sites. The Internet produces an enormous quantity of
unstructured data every second. Numerous users have many opinions and reviews to impart on
everything from items and services to common pastimes. Opinions, feelings, attitudes, impressions,
etc., concerning subjects, products, and services are collected and analyzed through a
method called sentiment analysis. Web-based networking mediums that rely on textual communication
can be overwhelming. Understanding human psychology requires the real-time
processing of data using techniques like sentiment analysis.

Aim:

This study provides a thorough examination of the differences between methods of sentiment
analysis, as well as its obstacles and emerging trends. The paper exemplifies the analysis's
practical uses, examines its challenges, and outlines common methods of conducting it.

Objective:

The objective of the current overview is to better understand the market, gauge public
opinion, and make strategic decisions. In addition, enterprises, governments, and scholars
can all benefit from conducting a sentiment analysis.

Methods:

In this research, we review and categorize the most widely applied methods of deep
learning and machine learning for analyzing sentiment. From the paper, we learn that which
sentiment analysis technique is the best depends on the data at hand. When confronted with
large amounts of data and a lengthy procedure, traditional machine learning-based algorithms
flop. The ability to train deep learning models to learn more features using larger datasets is
why they currently beat machine learning methodologies. Considerations include textual and
temporal context, as well as data volume.

Results:

Regardless of the fact that the English language has traditionally been the focus of research
in this field, other spoken languages have recently attracted a growing amount of interest.
The lack of resources for these languages continues to present numerous obstacles. Consequently,
it can be an intriguing line of future effort to tackle other natural languages outside English by
generating beneficial resources like building databases and addressing the problems with Natural
language processing that have been stated in the context of sentiment examination.

Conclusion:

The difficulties of sentiment analysis are examined as well, with the goal of illuminating
potential solutions.
An Introduction to Evidence-based Psychotherapies
Authors: Khan Anwar , Madihie Amalia bt , Khan Rehman Ullah
Published: September 2024

Problem Domain: The landscape of psychotherapy is constantly evolving, with practitioners seeking to align their methods with empirical evidence. However, navigating the complexities of evidence-based psychotherapy requires a clear understanding of its foundational principles and challenges. Goal of this Chapter: This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to evidence-based psychotherapy, elucidating its core concepts, addressing common misconceptions, and exploring the challenges faced by practitioners and researchers in this field. Subsequently, it delves into the three foundational components that underpin this approach. The chapter also explores the robustness of evidence-based psychotherapies by shedding light on their effectiveness and reliability in clinical practice.Selling Points and Contributions of this Chapter: By providing a precise definition and elucidating the triad of evidence-based psychotherapy, this chapter serves as an essential guide for both novice and experienced practitioners aiming to incorporate evidence-based practices into their clinical endeavors. Specifically, this chapter has made significant contributions in the following areas: i) This chapter offers a concise yet comprehensive definition of evidence-based psychotherapy, laying the groundwork for further exploration. ii) It delves into the three foundational components of evidence-based psychotherapy, this chapter provides readers with a nuanced understanding of its underlying principles.iii) By debunking common misconceptions, this chapter promotes clarity and informed decision-making among practitioners.iv) By acknowledging and discussing the challenges faced by practitioners and researchers, this chapter fosters dialogue and encourages innovative solutions.Short Results:Through its exploration of the robustness of evidence-based psychotherapies and its discussion of the challenges ahead, this chapter sets the stage for further advancements in the field, ultimately aiming to enhance the quality and effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in clinical practice.
Fluctuating high-frequency hearing loss with vertigo: is it Menière’s disease? A case report
Authors: Jang Minho , Lee Dong-Han , Lee Jiyeon , Kim Chang-Hee
Published: September 2024

This study describes an unusual case of fluctuating unilateral high-frequency hearing loss with vertigo resembling Menière’s disease. The current diagnostic criteria for definite Menière’s disease include audiometrically documented low- to medium-frequency sensorineural hearing loss on at least one occasion before, during, or after an episode of vertigo. This case presented a diagnostic dilemma. Brain MRI was nonspecific, and a bithermal caloric test showed unilateral weakness of 44% on the affected side. The results of electrocochleography and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential tests were within the normal ranges. Persistent geotropic or ageotropic positional nystagmus was observed during each vertigo attack; the mechanism underlying this characteristic nystagmus needs further investigation.
Comparison of the outcomes of treatment with an oral diuretics with steroid and steroid only for acute low-tone hearing loss: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hong Seok Min , Choi Yeso , Park Sung Min , Byun Jae Yong
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a combined steroid and diuretic (isosorbide) treatment with that of steroid-only treatment in patients with acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL). Methods: A total of 34 patients with ALHL were recruited between January 2018 and December 2019 and randomized into two groups: a steroid-with-diuretic (isosorbide) group and a steroid-only group. The steroid-with-diuretic group received oral methylprednisolone for 10 days and isosorbide for 14 days, while the steroid-only group received methylprednisolone for 10 days. Hearing outcomes were measured using pure-tone audiometry at 8 weeks posttreatment. The outcomes were the absolute hearing gain at low frequencies (125, 250, and 500 Hz) and the recovery rate, which was classified into complete, partial, unchanged, progressive, and fluctuating.Results: Of 34 patients, 30 (15 in each group) were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the groups. The steroid-with-diuretic group showed higher absolute hearing gains at all three low frequencies than the steroid-only group, but the differences were not statistically significant complete recovery was observed in 13 patients in each group, with partial recovery in two patients in the steroid-with-diuretic group and unchanged outcomes in two patients in the steroid-only group. No patient exhibited disease progression.Conclusions: Although combined steroid and diuretic therapy yielded better hearing outcomes than steroid-only therapy, the differences were not statistically significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods are necessary to confirm these findings.