bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of dielectric substrate on the performance of an 8 × 8 magneto-electric dipole phased array antenna for 5G mmWave applications
Authors: Yong Wai Yan , Alayón Glazunov Andrés
Published: June 2023

The impact of the substrate dielectric material on the performance of a wideband magneto-electric dipole (MED) phased array antenna is systematically studied in this article. Four commercially available dielectric substrates for mmWave applications, i.e., Rogers RO 5880, RO 3003, RO 4350B, and Panasonic Megtron-6, are considered in the design investigation of the proposed MED phased array antenna. First, the influence of the dielectric constant on the operating frequency of the unit cell MED antenna is explored in the broadside direction (θ = 0°). Second, the scanning impedance is assessed at various scanning angles for both E- and H-plane scanning. Finally, the radiation performance of the proposed design of a finite 8 × 8 MED phased array antenna is examined. This study gives a foundational understanding of the impact of dielectric characteristics on the performance of MED phased arrays. The analysis revealed that the MED phased array antenna based on substrates with a higher dielectric constant exhibited a smaller scanning angle than the substrate with a lower dielectric constant. The findings may serve as practical guidelines for selecting the dielectric substrates for the 5G mmWave phased array antenna in order to adapt their design to an application’s specifications.
Management practices during the renewal year affect the carbon balance of a boreal legume grassland
Authors: Li Yuan , Korhonen Panu , Kykkänen Sanna , Maljanen Marja , Virkajärvi Perttu , Shurpali Narasinha J.
Published: June 2023

Evaluating the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of legume-based grasslands is crucial for optimizing grassland management and assessing the sustainability of the milk and beef industries. This study investigated the NECB of a boreal legume grassland in eastern Finland from May 2017 to May 2020, covering the entire three-year rotation cycle. We found that the grassland showed interannual variability in carbon sequestration, fixing 220 g C m−2 in the first year, 334 g C m−2 in the second year, and losing 146 g C m−2 in the last year during the grassland renewal period. The study also examined the effects of mineral nitrogen fertilizer and digestate residue addition on the NECB of the grassland. No significant differences in net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange were observed between the two treatments, but the application of digestate slurry increased the NECB, suggesting that organic fertilizers could potentially enhance carbon sequestration and sustain ecosystem services. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the importance of developing climate-friendly renovation management practices that maximize the photosynthetic period in boreal legume grasslands. These practices, combined with the use of organic fertilizers, can contribute to improved carbon sequestration and support the sustainability of milk and beef industries that rely on grasslands.
Case report: Post-thoracic surgery acquired venous thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Mansouri Mohamed Amine , Lutz Jon Andri
Published: June 2023

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare entity responsible for the vascular and/or nervous symptoms of the upper limbs. Unlike the congenital anatomical anomalies that cause TOS, acquired etiologies are even less common. Here, we report the case of a 41-year-old male with iatrogenic acquired TOS secondary to complex chest wall surgery for chondrosarcoma of the manubrium sterni; he was diagnosed with chondrosarcoma of the manubrium sterni in November, 2021. After staging was completed, primary surgery was performed. The operation was complex, with en-bloc resection of the manubrium sterni; the upper part of the corpus sterni; the first, second, and third bilateral parasternal ribs; and the medial clavicles, whose stumps were fixed on the first ribs. We reconstructed the defect using a double Prolene mesh, and bridged the second and third ribs on each side using two screwed plates. Finally, the wound was covered with pediculated musculocutaneous flaps. A few days after the operation, the patient presented with swelling in the left upper limb. Doppler ultrasound revealed slowing-down of the left subclavian vein flow, which was confirmed via thoracic computed tomography angiography. Systemic anticoagulation was initiated, and the patient began rehabilitation physiotherapy six weeks postoperatively. Symptoms had resolved by the 8-week outpatient follow-up, and anticoagulation therapy was stopped at three months; radiological follow-up demonstrated an improvement in subclavian vein flow without thrombosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of acquired venous TOS after thoracic surgery. Conservative treatment was found to sufficiently avoid the need for more invasive methods.
Cytokine-induced killer cell treatment is superior to chemotherapy alone in esophageal cancer
Authors: Sun Jiayang , Sun Yushu , Miniderima  , Wang Xiumei
Published: June 2023

Background: The therapeutic efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells versus dendritic cells (DC) co-cultured with CIK cells (DC-CIK) in treating esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear due to the absence of a direct comparison of these two regimens. This study evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of CIK cells versus DC-CIK using network meta-analysis in treating EC.

Material and methods: We identified eligible studies from previous meta-analyses, then conducted an updated search to retrieve additional trials between February 2020 and July 2021. The primary outcomes included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR), and the secondary outcomes included quality of life improved rate (QLIR) and adverse events (AEs). A network meta-analysis of 12 studies was conducted using ADDIS software.

Results: Twelve studies were identified, including six comparing CIK or DC-CIK plus chemotherapy (CT) with CT alone. Immunotherapy plus CT significantly improved overall survival (OS) (odds ratio [OR] 4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–13.69), objective response rate (ORR) (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.79–4.11), disease control rate (DCR) (OR 3.45, 95% CI 2.32–5.14), and quality of life improvement rate (QLIR) (OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.31–5.41). DC-CIK+CT decreased the risk of leukopenia compared with CT alone. However, no statistical difference was detected between CIK-CT and DC-CIK+CT.

Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, we concluded that CIK cell treatment is superior to CT alone, but CIK-CT and DC-CIK+CT may be comparable in treating EC. However, comparing CIK-CT and DC-CIK+CT is only based on indirect evidence, so it is undoubtedly necessary to conduct studies to compare CIK-CT with DC-CIK+CT in EC patients directly.
Increasing Kidney-Exchange Options Within the Existing Living Donor Pool With CIAT: A Pilot Implementation Study
Authors: de Klerk Marry , Kal-van Gestel Judith A. , Roelen Dave , Betjes Michiel G. H. , de Weerd Annelies E. , Reinders Marlies E. J. , van de Wetering Jacqueline , Kho Marcia M. L. , Glorie Kristiaan , Roodnat Joke I.
Published: June 2023

Computerized integration of alternative transplantation programs (CIAT) is a kidney-exchange program that allows AB0- and/or HLA-incompatible allocation to difficult-to-match patients, thereby increasing their chances. Altruistic donors make this available for waiting list patients as well. Strict criteria were defined for selected highly-immunized (sHI) and long waiting (LW) candidates. For LW patients AB0i allocation was allowed. sHI patients were given priority and AB0i and/or CDC cross-match negative HLAi allocations were allowed. A local pilot was established between 2017 and 2022. CIAT results were assessed against all other transplant programs available. In the period studied there were 131 incompatible couples; CIAT transplanted the highest number of couples (35%), compared to the other programs. There were 55 sHI patients; CIAT transplanted as many sHI patients as the Acceptable Mismatch program (18%); Other programs contributed less. There were 69 LW patients; 53% received deceased donor transplantations, 20% were transplanted via CIAT. In total, 72 CIAT transplants were performed: 66 compatible, 5 AB0i and 1 both AB0i and HLAi. CIAT increased opportunities for difficult-to-match patients, not by increasing pool size, but through prioritization and allowing AB0i and “low risk” HLAi allocation. CIAT is a powerful addition to the limited number of programs available for difficult-to-match patients.
Towards the Voluntary Adoption of Integrated Reporting: Drivers, Barriers, and Practices
Authors: Carmo Cecília , Correia Inês , Leite Joaquim , Carvalho Amélia
Published: June 2023

Integrated reporting is essentially a voluntary practice worldwide. For this reason, although it is growing, its diffusion is slow. Based on the Portuguese context, where a reduced number of listed companies publish integrated reports, this study aims to explore the drivers and barriers for the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting and the reporting practices up to the production of an integrated report. To this end, an analytical framework based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory was developed and applied to data collected from a survey and corporate reports from both “adopters” and “non-adopters”. The evidence collected suggests that the adoption of integrated reporting may be driven by the perception of a relative advantage over traditional reporting in terms of providing more relevant information to capital providers, particularly banks. The publication of an integrated report appears to be the result of a process of incremental improvements in the practice of disclosure and assurance of non-financial information, so that the previous experience with sustainability reporting is also an important driver for voluntary integrated reporting. Finally, companies may be differently prepared for transition to integrated reporting and, therefore, have different perceptions of its cost and complexity, which may act as a barrier.
A Thermal Fluid–Solid Coupling Simulation of Gas Fuel Control Valves for High-Precision Gas Turbines
Authors: Pan Haoran , Li Wei , Luo Kaikai , Wang Rui , Xiao Liesheng , Lian Zeqing
Published: June 2023

Gas fuel control valves play important roles in the control of gas flow in high-precision gas turbines. To clarify the influence of coupling between the structure and the fluid system, a thermal fluid–solid coupling mechanism is presented based on numerical investigations carried out using a dynamic mesh technique. Valve core deformation can affect the outlet gas flow accuracy. At 2% valve opening, the gas temperature contributes 93% to the deformation. The effect of deformation on the flow accuracy at 6% valve opening and 4% valve opening is increased by 4.8% and 7.3%, respectively. The fluctuation range of the gas temperature and pressure in front of the valve should be strictly controlled to ensure the high precision and high stability of the outlet flow. These results help to clarify the processes that occur in the valve flow path, leading to the flow control instability observed in the control valve.
Research on Enhanced Orbit Prediction Techniques Utilizing Multiple Sets of Two-Line Element
Authors: Chen Junyu , Lin Chusen
Published: June 2023

Acquiring accurate space object orbits is crucial for many applications such as satellite tracking, space debris detection, and collision avoidance. The widely used two-line element (TLE) method estimates the position and velocity of objects in space, but its accuracy can be limited by various factors. A combination of multiple TLEs and advanced modeling techniques such as batch least squares differential correction and high-precision numerical propagators can significantly improve TLE accuracy and reliability, ensuring better space object surveillance. Previous studies analyzed additional factors that may influence TLE accuracy and evaluated the accuracy of Starlink TLE using precise ephemeris data from SpaceX. The results indicate that utilizing multiple TLEs for precise orbit determination can significantly enhance the performance of orbit prediction methods, particularly when compared to SGP4. By leveraging 10-day Starlink TLEs, the accuracy of 5-day predictions can be improved by approximately twofold. Additionally, producing two pseudo-observations within an orbital period near the TLE epoch yields the greatest effect on prediction accuracy, with this distribution of pseudo-observations increasing accuracy by approximately 10% compared to a uniform distribution. Further research can explore more data fusion and machine learning approaches to optimize operations in space.
Systems Integration Framework for Hybrid-Electric Commuter and Regional Aircraft
Authors: Mohan Vijesh , Jeyaraj Andrew K. , Liscouët-Hanke Susan
Published: June 2023

System integration is one of the key challenges to bringing future hybrid-electric and all-electric aircraft into the market. In addition, retrofitting and redesigning existing aircraft are potential paths toward achieving hybrid and all-electric flight, which are even more challenging goals from a system integration perspective. Therefore, integration tools that bridge the gap between the aircraft and the subsystem level need to be developed for use in the conceptual design stage to address current system integration challenges, such as the use of space, the share between propulsive and secondary power, required level of electrification, safety, and thermal management. This paper presents a multidisciplinary design analysis (MDA) framework that integrates aircraft and subsystem sizing tools. In addition, this paper includes improved physics-based subsystem sizing methods that are also applicable to smaller, commuter, or regional aircraft. The capabilities of the developed framework and tools are presented for a case study covering the redesign of the DO-228 with a hybrid-electric propulsion system in combination with the electrification of its systems architecture and different subsystem technologies.
Preliminary Feasibility Study of the Ad Hoc Separation Operational Concept
Authors: Serrano-Mira Lidia , Sanz Luis Pérez , Pérez-Castán Javier A. , Netjasov Fedja , Moreno Irene García , Ayra Eduardo S.
Published: June 2023

The expected growth of air traffic in the coming decades demands an increase in airspace capacity, which is already close to saturation in many scenarios. One of the limiting factors of this capacity is the separation minima. At present, the separation standards that apply in a given volume of airspace are fixed, and their values were determined decades ago. Therefore, in order to increase airspace capacity, this is an area in which improvement is sought, namely through the implementation of new operational concepts, which include the redefinition of separation minima and the way they are applied. A key issue in this redefinition of separation minima is the question of the possibility of reducing the current standards. However, a reduction in the separation to a fixed value may not be a valid solution, as not all aircraft and ways of operation are the same. In this paper, the authors propose a new operational concept, the Ad Hoc or Variable separation minima. Ad Hoc separation refers to the application of different separation minima values in the same volume of airspace, depending on a set of factors, e.g., aircraft model and encounter geometry, among others. In this research, the factors that define these Ad Hoc separation minima and their relationships are discussed. A model for their determination is presented. Simulations are performed to analyze the operational feasibility of the Ad Hoc separation minima. The results show that the application of this concept is operationally feasible.
Effects of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Cholesterol Metabolism in Laying Hens
Authors: Wang Huanbin , Wu Kuntan , Mi Xiaomei , Rajput Shahid Ali , Qi Desheng
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of HMGCR inhibitors on egg yolk cholesterol content and its biological mechanisms. Four groups of 180-day-old laying hens (n = 8 cages/group, 6 laying hens/cage) were fed a corn/soybean-based diet (control) and the control diet supplemented with an HMGCR inhibitor at 60, 150, and 300 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The experimental results showed that adding HMGCR inhibitors of 150 mg/kg or more can significantly reduce the cholesterol content in the liver, yolk, serum, and pectoral muscles of laying hens. The RNA-seq results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of HMGCR inhibitors of 150 mg/kg or more to the diet significantly upregulated genes related to cholesterol synthesis in the liver, and the genes involved in steroid synthesis and metabolism, sterol synthesis and metabolism, and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism were all affected by the HMGCR inhibitors. In summary, adding HMGCR inhibitors of 150 mg/kg or more to the diet of hens can significantly reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolk. After the HMGCR inhibitors inhibited the activity of the liver HMGCR, they also altered the expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and cholesterol transport in the liver, and ultimately reduced cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol transport to the egg yolk.
Validation of Calcein Violet as a New Marker of Semen Membrane Integrity in Domestic Animals
Authors: Egyptien Sophie , Dewals Benjamin , Ectors Fabien , Brutinel Flore , Ponthier Jérôme , Deleuze Stéfan
Published: June 2023

Many fluorochromes routinely used in semen quality analysis emit in the green and red channels, limiting their possible combination for multiple parameter analysis. The use of fluorophores emitting in different light channels broadens the possibilities of combination to expand the range of simultaneously evaluated criteria. This is of great interest in cases of small ejaculated volumes, such as those naturally occurring in roosters, small dog breeds and drones (Apis mellifera). The purpose of this experiment is to establish Calcein Violet (CaV), a blue fluorochrome, as a marker of viability and acrosomal integrity in domestic animals in order to free the red and green channels. SYBR®14/Propidium Iodide (PI) was used as reference dye, heat-treated samples as negative controls, serial staining combination for validation and epifluorescence microscopy for observation. Dead spermatozoa marked in red with PI showed no blue fluorescence either from the head or the tail. Live spermatozoa showed a decreasing blue emission from head to tail when single stained with CaV. Unreacted acrosomes showed intense blue fluorescence irrespective of plasma membrane integrity. This needs to be further confirmed for species with small and difficult to observe heads. Establishment of CaV as a marker of membrane integrity by fluorescence microscopy is a decisive first step towards further technical development and use with flow cytometry.
Performance Analysis of University Collaborative Innovation Center Based on BPNN-Dominated K-Means–Random Forest Unsupervised Factor Importance Analysis Model
Authors: Zhang Daopan , Wang Sihua
Published: June 2023

The collaborative innovation plan for colleges and universities is one of the important plans for the construction of high-level universities in Jiangsu Province. A key aspect of this plan is the development of collaborative innovation centers in colleges and universities. Based on the second-phase construction of collaborative innovation centers in 76 colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province, this paper constructs performance evaluation indicators and proposes an unsupervised factor importance analysis model based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN)-dominated K-means and random forests. According to the analysis results, suggestions for further promoting the development of high-quality collaborative innovation centers in colleges and universities are provided.
Connecting the Dots between Housing Design and COVID-19
Authors: De Jorge-Huertas Virginia , De Jorge-Moreno Justo
Published: June 2023

This article has aimed to analyze the intellectual structure associated with the contributions made by academics and practitioners of architecture in the association between housing and COVID-19 in the years 2019–2021. The main results reveal the possibility of establishing a classification, by topics that suggest the necessary interdisciplinary collaboration for housing, to meet the needs and desires of its users in the wake of this pandemic. The network analysis has allowed the identification of overlapping communities through interconnection concepts to other groups or clusters. Thus, it has been possible to explore the multidimensionality of the housing–COVID connection and the interrelationships for future research and its possible extension. In this sense, the importance of the specific concepts associated with very detailed elements, sensations and spaces in buildings has been identified, including concepts such as the air quality and the need for green spaces, the presence or not of balconies, the need for natural light, the existence of cross ventilation or the possibility of incorporating technology or home automation to facilitate and save resources in daily life.
Theoretical Study on the Mechanisms, Kinetics, and Toxicity Evaluation of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Oxidation Reactions of Coniferyl Alcohol
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wei Bo , Tang Rongzhi
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigated the mechanisms, kinetics, and toxicity evaluation of the OH-initiated reaction of coniferyl alcohol (4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol) in the atmosphere using theoretical calculations. The initial reaction of coniferyl alcohol with OH radicals had two pathways, H-abstraction and OH-addition reactions. The total reaction rate constants were 2.32 × 10−9 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (in gas-phase) and 9.44 × 109 s−1 M−1 (in liquid-phase) for the preliminary reactions of coniferyl alcohol with OH radicals at 298 K, respectively, and the half-lives of the total reaction (including all initial H-abstraction and OH-addition reactions) of coniferyl alcohol with OH radical in the atmosphere, urban and remote clouds were 8.3 × 10−2 h, 5.83 × 103 h and 9.27 × 102 h, respectively. The temperature had a strong and positive influence on the initial reaction rate constant. The branching ratios of H-abstraction and OH-addition reactions were 3.68% and 97.69%, respectively, making the OH-addition reactions become dominant reactions. The ecotoxicity evaluation revealed that the toxicity levels of coniferyl alcohol and its products were similar and non-toxic. However, all these products have developmental toxicity, with most of them having no mutagenicity. Therefore, further attention should be paid to the oxidation process and product toxicity evaluation of coniferyl alcohol in the atmosphere.
Design, Properties, and Manufacturing of Cylindrical Li-Ion Battery Cells—A Generic Overview
Authors: Baazouzi Sabri , Feistel Niklas , Wanner Johannes , Landwehr Inga , Fill Alexander , Birke Kai Peter
Published: June 2023

Battery cells are the main components of a battery system for electric vehicle batteries. Depending on the manufacturer, three different cell formats are used in the automotive sector (pouch, prismatic, and cylindrical). In the last 3 years, cylindrical cells have gained strong relevance and popularity among automotive manufacturers, mainly driven by innovative cell designs, such as the Tesla tabless design. This paper investigates 19 Li-ion cylindrical battery cells from four cell manufacturers in four formats (18650, 20700, 21700, and 4680). We aim to systematically capture the design features, such as tab design and quality parameters, such as manufacturing tolerances and generically describe cylindrical cells. We identified the basic designs and assigned example cells to them. In addition, we show a comprehensive definition of a tabless design considering the current and heat transport paths. Our findings show that the Tesla 4680 design is quasi-tabless. In addition, we found that 25% of the cathode and 30% of the anode are not notched, resulting in long electrical and thermal transport paths. Based on CT and post-mortem analyses, we show that jelly rolls can be approximated very well with the Archimedean spiral. Furthermore, we compare the gravimetric and volumetric energy density, the impedance, and the heating behavior at the surface and in the center of the jelly rolls. From the generic description, we present and discuss production processes focusing on format and design flexible manufacturing of jelly rolls.
Physiological Noise Filtering in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals Using Wavelet Transform and Long-Short Term Memory Networks
Authors: Yoo So-Hyeon , Huang Guanghao , Hong Keum-Shik
Published: June 2023

Activated channels of functional near-infrared spectroscopy are typically identified using the desired hemodynamic response function (dHRF) generated by a trial period. However, this approach is not possible for an unknown trial period. In this paper, an innovative method not using the dHRF is proposed, which extracts fluctuating signals during the resting state using maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform, identifies low-frequency wavelets corresponding to physiological noise, trains them using long-short term memory networks, and predicts/subtracts them during the task session. The motivation for prediction is to maintain the phase information of physiological noise at the start time of a task, which is possible because the signal is extended from the resting state to the task session. This technique decomposes the resting state data into nine wavelets and uses the fifth to ninth wavelets for learning and prediction. In the eighth wavelet, the prediction error difference between the with and without dHRF from the 15-s prediction window appeared to be the largest. Considering the difficulty in removing physiological noise when the activation period is near the physiological noise, the proposed method can be an alternative solution when the conventional method is not applicable. In passive brain-computer interfaces, estimating the brain signal starting time is necessary.
Research on Space Occupancy, Activity Rhythm and Sexual Segregation of White-Lipped Deer (Cervus albirostris) in Forest Habitats of Jiacha Gorge on Yarlung Zangbo River Basin Based on Infrared Camera Technology
Authors: Liu Yujia , Huang Kai , Wang Xueyu , Krzton Ali , Xia Wancai , Li Dayong
Published: June 2023

The white-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris) is a rare and endangered species found in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. To understand the space occupancy, activity rhythm, and sexual segregation of the white-lipped deer, 24,096 effective photos and 827 effective videos were captured using infrared cameras from February 2020 to January 2022. The ecology and behavior of the white-lipped deer in Jiacha Gorge were studied in more detail using site occupancy models, relative abundance index, and other technologies and methods. The results show that The occupancy predicted by the model exceeds or approaches 0.5. The occupancy increases with greater altitude and with larger EVI values, while the detection rate increases with altitude only during spring and decreases with EVI values only in summer. The daily activity peaks for white-lipped deer were observed from 7:00 to 11:00 and 17:00 to 22:00, with annual activity peaks occurring from April to June and from September to November. From July to the following January, white-lipped deer mostly move in mixed-sex groups, while during the remainder of the year, they predominantly associate with individuals of the same sex. Climate, vegetation coverage, food resources, and human disturbance collectively influenced the behavior and habitat utilization of white-lipped deer. The foundational research conducted on white-lipped deer over the past two years is expected to enhance the basic understanding of white-lipped deer in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and contribute to future protection and management decisions.
Using Zebrafish to Dissect the Interaction of Mycobacteria with the Autophagic Machinery in Macrophages
Authors: Muñoz-Sánchez Salomé , Varela Mónica , van der Vaart Michiel , Meijer Annemarie H.
Published: June 2023

Existing drug treatment against tuberculosis is no match against the increasing number of multi-drug resistant strains of its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A better understanding of how mycobacteria subvert the host immune defenses is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies. A potential approach is enhancing the activity of the autophagy machinery, which can direct bacteria to autophagolysosomal degradation. However, the interplay specifics between mycobacteria and the autophagy machinery must be better understood. Here, we analyzed live imaging data from the zebrafish model of tuberculosis to characterize mycobacteria-autophagy interactions during the early stages of infection in vivo. For high-resolution imaging, we microinjected fluorescent Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) into the tail fin tissue of zebrafish larvae carrying the GFP-LC3 autophagy reporter. We detected phagocytosed Mm clusters and LC3-positive Mm-containing vesicles within the first hour of infection. LC3 associations with these vesicles were transient and heterogeneous, ranging from simple vesicles to complex compound structures, dynamically changing shape by fusions between Mm-containing and empty vesicles. LC3-Mm-vesicles could adopt elongated shapes during cell migration or alternate between spacious and compact morphologies. LC3-Mm-vesicles were also observed in cells reverse migrating from the infection site, indicating that the autophagy machinery fails to control infection before tissue dissemination.
Hyperactivity in Mice Induced by Opioid Agonists with Partial Intrinsic Efficacy and Biased Agonism Administered Alone and in Combination with Morphine
Authors: Acevedo-Canabal Agnes , Grim Travis W. , Schmid Cullen L. , McFague Nina , Stahl Edward L. , Kennedy Nicole M. , Bannister Thomas D. , Bohn Laura M.
Published: June 2023

Opioid analgesics such as morphine and fentanyl induce mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated hyperactivity in mice. Herein, we show that morphine, fentanyl, SR-17018, and oliceridine have submaximal intrinsic efficacy in the mouse striatum using 35S-GTPγS binding assays. While all of the agonists act as partial agonists for stimulating G protein coupling in striatum, morphine, fentanyl, and oliceridine are fully efficacious in stimulating locomotor activity; meanwhile, the noncompetitive biased agonists SR-17018 and SR-15099 produce submaximal hyperactivity. Moreover, the combination of SR-17018 and morphine attenuates hyperactivity while antinociceptive efficacy is increased. The combination of oliceridine with morphine increases hyperactivity, which is maintained over time. These findings provide evidence that noncompetitive agonists at MOR can be used to suppress morphine-induced hyperactivity while enhancing antinociceptive efficacy; moreover, they demonstrate that intrinsic efficacy measured at the receptor level is not directly proportional to drug efficacy in the locomotor activity assay.
Reinforcement Learning for Multiple Daily Injection (MDI) Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: Jaloli Mehrad , Cescon Marzia
Published: June 2023

In this study, we propose a closed-loop insulin administration framework for multiple daily injection (MDI) treatment using a reinforcement learning (RL) agent for insulin bolus therapy. The RL agent, based on the soft actor–critic (SAC) algorithm, dynamically adjusts insulin dosages based on real-time glucose readings, meal intakes, and previous actions. We evaluated the proposed strategy on ten in silico patients with type 1 diabetes undergoing MDI therapy, considering three meal scenarios. The results show that, compared to an open-loop conventional therapy, our proposed closed-loop control strategy significantly reduces glucose variability and increases the percentage of time the glucose levels remained within the target range. In particular, the weekly mean glucose level reduced from 145.34 ± 57.26 mg/dL to 115.18 ± 7.93 mg/dL, 143.62 ± 55.72 mg/dL to 115.28 ± 8.11 mg/dL, and 171.63 ± 49.30 mg/dL to 143.94 ± 23.81 mg/dL for Scenarios A, B and C, respectively. Furthermore, the percent time in range (70–180 mg/dL) significantly improved from 63.77 ± 27.90% to 91.72 ± 9.27% (p = 0.01) in Scenario A, 64.82 ± 28.06% to 92.29 ± 9.15% (p = 0.01) in Scenario B, and 58.45 ± 27.53% to 81.45 ± 26.40% (p = 0.05) in Scenario C. The model also demonstrated robustness against meal disturbances and insulin sensitivity disturbances, achieving mean glucose levels within the target range and maintaining a low risk of hypoglycemia, which were statistically significant for Scenarios B and C. The proposed model outperformed open-loop conventional therapy in all scenarios, highlighting the potential of RL-based closed-loop insulin administration models in improving diabetes management.
Honeycomb Biosilica in Sponges: From Understanding Principles of Unique Hierarchical Organization to Assessing Biomimetic Potential
Authors: Voronkina Alona , Romanczuk-Ruszuk Eliza , Przekop Robert E. , Lipowicz Pawel , Gabriel Ewa , Heimler Korbinian , Rogoll Anika , Vogt Carla , Frydrych Milosz , Wienclaw Pawel , Stelling Allison L. , Tabachnick Konstantin , Tsurkan Dmitry , Ehrlich Hermann
Published: June 2023

Structural bioinspiration in modern material science and biomimetics represents an actual trend that was originally based on the bioarchitectural diversity of invertebrate skeletons, specifically, honeycomb constructs of natural origin, which have been in humanities focus since ancient times. We conducted a study on the principles of bioarchitecture regarding the unique biosilica-based honeycomb-like skeleton of the deep-sea glass sponge Aphrocallistes beatrix. Experimental data show, with compelling evidence, the location of actin filaments within honeycomb-formed hierarchical siliceous walls. Principles of the unique hierarchical organization of such formations are discussed. Inspired by poriferan honeycomb biosilica, we designed diverse models, including 3D printing, using PLA-, resin-, and synthetic-glass-prepared corresponding microtomography-based 3D reconstruction.
LQR Control and Optimization for Trajectory Tracking of Biomimetic Robotic Fish Based on Unreal Engine
Authors: Wang Ming , Wang Kunlun , Zhao Qianchuan , Zheng Xuehan , Gao He , Yu Junzhi
Published: June 2023

A realistic and visible dynamic simulation platform can significantly facilitate research on underwater robots. This paper uses the Unreal Engine to generate a scene that resembles real ocean environments, before building a visual dynamic simulation platform in conjunction with the Air-Sim system. On this basis, the trajectory tracking of a biomimetic robotic fish is simulated and assessed. More specifically, we propose a particle swarm optimization algorithm-based control strategy to optimize the discrete linear quadratic regulator controller for the trajectory tracking problem, as well as tracking and controlling discrete trajectories with misaligned time series through introducing a dynamic time warping algorithm. Simulation analyses of the biomimetic robotic fish following a straight line, a circular curve without mutation, and a four-leaf clover curve with mutation are carried out. The obtained results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
An Ultrasensitive Voltammetric Genosensor for the Detection of Bacteria Vibrio cholerae in Vegetable and Environmental Water Samples
Authors: Futra Dedi , Tan Ling Ling , Lee Su Yin , Lertanantawong Benchaporn , Heng Lee Yook
Published: June 2023

In view of the presence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) bacteria in environmental waters, including drinking water, which may pose a potential health risk to humans, an ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for rapid detection of V. cholerae DNA in the environmental sample was developed. Silica nanospheres were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) for effective immobilization of the capture probe, and gold nanoparticles were used for acceleration of electron transfer to the electrode surface. The aminated capture probe was immobilized onto the Si-Au nanocomposite-modified carbon screen printed electrode (Si-Au-SPE) via an imine covalent bond with glutaraldehyde (GA), which served as the bifunctional cross-linking agent. The targeted DNA sequence of V. cholerae was monitored via a sandwich DNA hybridization strategy with a pair of DNA probes, which included the capture probe and reporter probe that flanked the complementary DNA (cDNA), and evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in the presence of an anthraquninone redox label. Under optimum sandwich hybridization conditions, the voltammetric genosensor could detect the targeted V. cholerae gene from 1.0 × 10−17–1.0 × 10−7 M cDNA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.25 × 10−18 M (i.e., 1.1513 × 10−13 µg/µL) and long-term stability of the DNA biosensor up to 55 days. The electrochemical DNA biosensor was capable of giving a reproducible DPV signal with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of <5.0% (n = 5). Satisfactory recoveries of V. cholerae cDNA concentration from different bacterial strains, river water, and cabbage samples were obtained between 96.5% and 101.6% with the proposed DNA sandwich biosensing procedure. The V. cholerae DNA concentrations determined by the sandwich-type electrochemical genosensor in the environmental samples were correlated to the number of bacterial colonies obtained from standard microbiological procedures (bacterial colony count reference method).
Musical Expertise and Executive Functions in Experienced Musicians
Authors: Passarotto Edoardo , Kopp Bruno , Lee André , Altenmüller Eckart
Published: June 2023

Extensive music practice has been suggested to enhance the development of cognitive abilities over and above musical expertise. Executive functions (EFs) have been particularly investigated, given their generalizability across different domains and their crucial role in almost all aspects of cognition. However, the relationship between musical expertise and EFs is still not completely understood, as several studies have reported conflicting results. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between musical expertise and EFs, determining which facets—if any—of EFs might be particularly relevant to extensive music practice. Thirty-five student pianists completed a set of neuropsychological tasks which assessed EFs (the Trail Making Task, Design Fluency, Numerical Stroop, and the Tower of London). They also performed a short musical excerpt inspired by the piano literature. Musical expertise was assessed by considering three parameters, namely the highest academic degree in music, the lifetime amount of music practice, and the quality of the sample-based musical performance. The results indicate that postgraduate piano students did not show advantages in EFs compared to undergraduate piano students. More extensive lifetime practice in music was solely associated with faster visual reaction times on the Numerical Stroop task. The Trail Making and Design Fluency scores were significant predictors of the quality of the sample-based musical performance. In conclusion, the present data suggests that EFs and the amount of music practice do not seem to be correlated in student pianists. Nevertheless, some facets of EFs and the quality of musical performance may share substantial amounts of variance.
The Role of Ketamine in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jawad Muhammad Youshay , Qasim Saleha , Ni Menglu , Guo Ziji , Di Vincenzo Joshua D. , d’Andrea Giacomo , Tabassum Aniqa , Mckenzie Andrea , Badulescu Sebastian , Grande Iria , McIntyre Roger S.
Published: June 2023

Bipolar depression remains a clinical challenge with a quarter of patients failing to respond to initial conventional treatments. Although ketamine has been extensively studied in unipolar depression, its role in bipolar disorder remains inconclusive. The aim of our scoping review was to comprehensively synthesize the current clinical literature around ketamine use in bipolar depression. A total of 10 clinical studies (5 randomized controlled trials and 5 open label studies) were selected. The preliminary evidence, albeit weak, suggests that ketamine is a promising treatment and calls for further interest from the research community. Overall, ketamine treatment appeared to be tolerable with minimal risk for manic/hypomanic switching and showed some effectiveness across parameters of depression and suicidality. Moreover, ketamine is a potential treatment agent in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression with promising data extracted from extant controlled trials and real-world effectiveness studies. Future studies are needed to identify ketamine’s role in acute and maintenance treatment phases of bipolar depression. Moreover, future researchers should study the recurrence prevention and anti-suicidal effects of ketamine in the treatment of bipolar depression.
Distribution of Iron, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium in Glia, Their Influence on Glial Cells and Relationship with Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Górska Aleksandra , Markiewicz-Gospodarek Agnieszka , Markiewicz Renata , Chilimoniuk Zuzanna , Borowski Bartosz , Trubalski Mateusz , Czarnek Katarzyna
Published: June 2023

Recent data on the distribution and influence of copper, zinc and cadmium in glial cells are summarized. This review also examines the relationship between those metals and their role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which have become a great challenge for today’s physicians. The studies suggest that among glial cells, iron has the highest concentration in oligodendrocytes, copper in astrocytes and zinc in the glia of hippocampus and cortex. Previous studies have shown neurotoxic effects of copper, iron and manganese, while zinc can have a bidirectional effect, i.e., neurotoxic but also neuroprotective effects depending on the dose and disease state. Recent data point to the association of metals with neurodegeneration through their role in the modulation of protein aggregation. Metals can accumulate in the brain with aging and may be associated with age-related diseases.
Can Post-Retirement Work Always Prevent Depression?
Authors: Yan Haiting , Liu Juan , Wei Wei , Xu Hongyan , Huang Xu , Ying Jiaxin
Published: June 2023

Given the rising popularity of post-retirement work and its potential benefits for older adults’ mental health, this study examined older adults’ adaptation ability as a conditional factor for the impact of post-retirement work on depression. Quantitative data from 1433 working older adults and 1433 non-working older adults were analyzed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to test a moderated regression model with adaptation ability as the moderator. Results showed that older adults with lower adaptation ability demonstrated significantly lower depression if they worked (vs. did not work). Older adults with higher adaptation ability exhibited significantly higher depression if they worked (vs. did not work). These findings were subsequently verified with a robustness check. Overall, post-retirement work did not prevent depression for the entire sample; working only alleviated depression among older adults with limited adaptation ability. Older adults with stronger adaptation ability could better maintain their mental health by staying retired. This study fills a knowledge gap regarding the relationship between post-retirement work and mental health. Implications for aging societies are also discussed.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Ferronickel Slag as Fine Aggregate Substitute Using Digital Image Correlation Analysis
Authors: Ernawan Eristra , Sjah Jessica , Handika Nuraziz , Astutiningsih Sotya , Vincens Eric
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to analyze the mechanical, displacement, and strain properties of concrete with Ferronickel Slag (FNS) fine aggregate substitute (0%, 50%, and 100%, by mass, later called FNS-0, FNS-50, and FNS-100, respectively) experimentally using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method and the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test. The FNS used in this study is a by-product that came from a Ferronickel smelter in Indonesia coupled with manufactured sand (M-sand) as the fine aggregate control. A D10 × 20 cm3 cylinder and 15 × 15 × 15 cm3 cube specimens were used to analyze the density, compressive strength, and UPV. Additionally, the cube specimens were tested using the DIC method to analyze the displacement and strain properties. The test results show the highest compressive strength was obtained by FNS-50, followed by FNS-100 and FNS-50. The highest pulse velocity was obtained by FNS-100, followed by FNS-50 and FNS-0. The load–displacement response and strain behavior indicate the specimen that had the most load resistance was FNS-50, followed by FNS-100 and FNS-0. Poisson’s ratio obtained using DIC and strain gauges showed consistent results where FNS-0 had the highest values, followed by FNS-50 and FNS-100. Overall, concrete with FNS substitute showed higher density, compressive strength, pulse velocity, and stiffness, as well as lower Poisson’s ratio compared to control concrete (FNS-0).
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Short- and Long-Term Results
Authors: Berardi Giammauro , Lucarini Alessio , Colasanti Marco , Mariano Germano , Ferretti Stefano , Meniconi Roberto Luca , Guglielmo Nicola , Angrisani Marco , Usai Sofia , Borcea Maria Carola , Canali Giulia , Moschetta Giovanni , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria
Published: June 2023

Surgery and postoperative systemic chemotherapy represent the standard treatment for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC). Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) for hepatobiliary procedures has spread worldwide in the last two decades. Since resections for PHC are technically demanding, the role of MIS in this field is yet to be established. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature on MIS for PHC, to evaluate its safety and its surgical and oncological outcomes. A systematic literature review on PubMed and SCOPUS was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Overall, a total of 18 studies reporting 372 MIS procedures for PHC were included in our analysis. A progressive increase in the available literature was observed over the years. A total of 310 laparoscopic and 62 robotic resections were performed. A pooled analysis showed an operative time ranging from 205.3 ± 23.9 and 840 (770–890) minutes, and intraoperative bleeding between 101.1 ± 13.6 and 1360 ± 809 mL. Minor and major morbidity rates were 43.9% and 12.7%, respectively, with a 5.6% mortality rate. R0 resections were achieved in 80.6% of patients and the number of retrieved lymph nodes ranged between 4 (3–12) and 12 (8–16). This systematic review shows that MIS for PHC is feasible, with safe postoperative and oncological outcomes. Recent data has shown encouraging results and more reports are being published. Future studies should address differences between robotic and laparoscopic approaches. Given the management and technical challenges, MIS for PHC should be performed by experienced surgeons, in high-volume centers, on selected patients.