bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encryption Technology of Optical Communication Network Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Wang Ying , Zuo Xiaojun , Guo Yuling , Liu Huiying , Zhou Jianchun
Published: June 2024

At present, research on enhancing information transmission security by addressing the two key issues of time delay signal elimination and key space expansion in chaotic secure communication systems has become a hot topic. In order to improve the encryption effect of optical communication network, this paper analyzes the encryption technology of optical communication network with AIT (artificial intelligence technology), designs the encryption scheme of optical communication network with the help of AIT, and takes the digital random sequence as the key. Moreover, this paper uses the digital signal processor to control the arbitrary wave generator to generate multi-ary step square wave, modulate the optical feedback and realize the highly random change of external cavity delay, thus eliminating the long external cavity delay information. This article proposes a chaotic secure communication system using digital sequences as keys and external cavity optical feedback, a device for forming a chaotic source through arbitrary wave phase modulation and single loop feedback, and a chaotic secure communication system with single feedback key phase modulation and injection synchronization. At the same time, this paper proposes a system scheme using single-loop optical feedback phase modulation, the CS(chaotic signal) with complex dynamic behavior is output, and the time-delay signal is effectively eliminated. This paper analyzes the strength and phase information of CS by autocorrelation and mutual information technology, and verifies the effect of optical communication network encryption technology. Through the analysis of experimental results, it can be seen that the optical communication network encryption technology based on AIT proposed in this paper can effectively improve the encryption effect of optical communication network. The algorithm model camera proposed in this article can be used in subsequent practice to improve communication encryption performance
Improving Incident Management Processes with Feature Models
Authors: Ignaim Karam Mustafa , Fernandes João M.
Published: June 2024

A cybersecurity incident is any event that directly or indirectly affects the confidentiality, availability, or integrity of a system or a service (or its data). The aim of a cyber-incident management process is to restore normal service levels as quickly as possible, by mitigating or eliminating the effects of system service disruptions. During the different phases of a cyber-incident management process, the documentation can be confusing and difficult to comprehend, making it ineffective. This paper aims to improve cyber-incident management processes that already exist by introducing feature models in order to handle incident documentation, classification, prioritisation, and mitigation. An example of an improved cyber-incident process is evaluated with respect to its efficiency and effectiveness, by conducting two case studies. The results of this work reveal that the improved process increases efficiency in addressing and repairing cyber-incidents by reducing the incident response time.
VILÉM FLUSSER E A POESIA CONCRETA
Authors: Alonso Júnior Rafael Miguel
Published: June 2024

RESUMO: Em Fenomenologia do brasileiro, Vilém Flusser afirma que o contexto a-histórico nacional poderia favorecer o surgimento do novo homem, mas que este apareceria de modo obrigatório no campo da cultura. No espaço da literatura, ele exalta o movimento da poesia concreta. Posto isso, a proposta central deste ensaio é investigar os caminhos teóricos que permitem aproximar a filosofia da linguagem de Flusser e a prática poética dos concretos, e que fizeram Flusser animar-se com estas produções dos anos 1950 e 1960. Para Flusser, a referida poesia levantou consciência nova sobre o aspecto visual da palavra, passou a combinar letras com não-letras e reformulou problemas gráficos e de paginação. Todavia, quando retorna à Europa e avalia suas interlocuções no Brasil, Flusser muda o tom em relação ao movimento, sobretudo no que compete ao trabalho de Haroldo de Campos, com quem rompe após traduzir fragmentos das Galáxias. Sendo assim, a parte final deste ensaio indica algumas das razões desta mudança crítica de perspectiva.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vilém Flusser; Poesia concreta; Língua; Engajamento; Haroldo de Campos.
 
ABSTRACT: In Fenomenologia do brasileiro, Vilém Flusser states that the national a-historical context could favour the emergence of the new man, but that this would appear in an obligatory way in the field of culture. In the field of literature, he exalts the concrete poetry movement. In this sense, the central purpose of this essay is to investigate the theoretical paths that allow Flusser's philosophy of language and the poetic practice of the concretes to be brought closer together, and which made Flusser enthusiastic about these productions of the 1950s and 1960s. For Flusser, this poetry raised new awareness of the visual aspect of the word, began to combine letters with non-letters and reformulated graphic and layout problems. However, when he returned to Europe and evaluated his interlocutions in Brazil, Flusser changed his tune in relation to the movement, especially with regard to the work of Haroldo de Campos, with whom he broke with after translating fragments of Galáxias. Therefore, the final part of this essay indicates some of the reasons for this critical change of perspective.
KEYWORDS: Vilém Flusser; Concrete poetry; Language; Engajament; Haroldo de Campos.
A ANTROPOFAGIA E A “BUSCA DO NOVO HOMEM"
Authors: Duarte Rodrigo
Published: June 2024

RESUMO: Uma aproximação entre Vilém Flusser e Oswald de Andrade parece muito plausível se analisarmos algumas características marcantes de sua produção intelectual: iconoclastia, irreverência e uma atenção quase obsessiva às peculiaridades da realidade e da cultura brasileiras. No entanto, trata-se de mais do que isso, já que, num texto pouco conhecido do público brasileiro, Vilém Flusser se refere a Oswald — contrariando a opinião geral que o considera apenas como um autor literário — como o filósofo brasileiro mais significativo de sua geração. Além disso, deve-se prestar a atenção num elemento compartilhado por ambos, a saber, o ideal da humanidade como corporificando o que Huizinga denominou homo ludens, i.e., a característica de um ser cuja melhor parte é o seu impulso ao jogo. Dentre as múltiplas possibilidades de aproximação entre Flusser e Andrade, este artigo aborda a relevância da ludicidade para ambos essenciais filósofos brasileiros.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Homo ludens, Antropofagia, Fenomenologia do brasileiro.
 
ABSTRACT: An approximation between Vilém Flusser and Oswald de Andrade seems to be very plausible when we analyze some striking characteristics of their intellectual production: iconoclasm, irreverence, and an almost obsessive concern with the peculiarities of Brazilian reality and culture. It is, however, much more than that since, in a text little known to the Brazilian public, Vilém Flusser refers to Oswald de Andrade — contrary to the general opinion that considers him just a literature author — as the most significant Brazilian philosopher of his generation. Furthermore one should also draw attention to an element shared by both, namely, the ideal of humanity as embodying what Huizinga had called homo ludens, that is, the characteristic of a being whose best part is his impulse to play. Among the multiple possibilities of rapprochement between Flusser and Andrade, this paper focuses on the relevance of playfulness to both essential Brazilian philosophers.
KEYWORDS: Homo ludens, Anthropophagy, Phenomenology of the Brazilian.
An Ephemeral Look at Russian Anarchist Life in the United States
Authors: Rowley Alison
Published: June 2024

Abstract: In September 1915, San Francisco resident Ernest Kundy received a picture postcard from an unnamed correspondent. Produced by the Anarchist Red Cross of Detroit, the postcard featured a depiction of the Bloody Sunday massacre which sparked Russia’s 1905 revolution and served as one of the most important episodes in the history of revolutionary martyrdom. By examining every aspect of the postcard this article reveals, layer by layer, its connections to Russian anarchist life in the United States. The article begins by analysing the image on the front, explaining how illustrations like the one in question by Fortunino Matania were turned into widely disseminated postcards that spread revolutionary messages well beyond Russian borders. Turning to the information on the back, the article next explores the history of the Anarchist Red Cross in the US and the role that it played in keeping anarchism alive for recent immigrants from Russia. Then the links between the sender’s handwritten message and an area of Chicago that features prominently in histories of immigrant life, the settlement movement and the US labour movement — Halsted Street — are considered. Finally, the connections between the recipient’s family and a 1915 bank robbery in California serve as a window into the history of Russian anarchist circles on the American West Coast.
The Sozonov Case, 1910: The Making of a Russian Revolutionary Martyrology
Authors: Phillips Ben
Published: June 2024

Abstract: On the night of 27 November (10 December) 1910, the Socialist-Revolutionary terrorist Egor Sozonov, renowned as the assassin of Minister of the Interior Viacheslav von Pleve in July 1904, committed suicide in his Siberian prison cell in protest at the use of corporal punishment against his fellow political prisoners. News of Sozonov’s death provoked an outcry across Russia: it was accompanied by questions in the Duma, widespread and hagiographical coverage in the liberal and revolutionary press, and student protests in the major university towns (and, conversely, by barely concealed joy from the Black- Hundredist right). This article serves two purposes. First, it reconstructs, in as much detail as the evidence allows, the events surrounding Sozonov’s death, which (despite their infamy at the time) have up to now received little scholarly attention and remain, to some extent, shrouded in mystery. Secondly, it explores how these events came to serve as the basis of a revolutionary martyrology — originally promoted by the SRs, and later appropriated by the Bolsheviks after 1917 — that glorified Sozonov as a ‘just assassin’, persecuted by a despotic government, who had ultimately sacrificed his own life in order that others might live. The article situates Sozonov’s death in the wider political, social and cultural context of the time, considering it in relation to contemporary discourses on suicide (as a transcendentalist political act), corporal punishment (long regarded as the gravest imaginable insult to the dignity of educated Russians), the ‘moral economy’ of revolutionary terrorism and the quasi-religious mythologies of the revolutionary underground.
Research on the health impact of climate must consider distributive justice and environmental sustainability
Authors: Richie Cristina , Garcia-Gomez Pilar , Thio Hok Bing , Rwei Alina , Joo Chirlmin , Staufer Urs , Muratore Dante , Mastrangeli Massimo , Dedoussi Irene , van Exel Job , van Ourti Tom , Bonfrer Igna , Gianoli Alberto , Los Alexander , van der Horst Gijsbertus T. J. , van Hagen Martin , Burdorf Lex , V. Been Jasper , Hermans Maud , Stadhouders Ralph , Rottier Robbert J. , Bornioli Anna , Chaves Ines , Dik Willem A.
Published: June 2024

Climate and justice are interconnected. However, simply raising ethical issues associated with the links between climate change, technology, and health is insufficient. Rather, policies and practices need to consider ethics ahead of time. If it is only added “after the fact,” policy will be less efficient and opportunities for carbon minimization will be lost. This will require the cooperation of people at many levels and can be guided by two essential ethical principles: distributive justice and environmental sustainability.
Mental health coping strategies and support needs among marginalised further and higher education students in the UK: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liverpool Shaun , Moinuddin Mohammed , Bracegirdle Katie , Eddison Jade , Joseph Seyi , Aithal Supritha , Allen Eve , Carmichael-Murphy Parise , Marsden John , McKenzie Hayley , Murphy Ciaran , Owen Michael , Patel Tasneem , Raji Naseem Akorede , Roocroft Lynsey , Fletcher Ken , Karkou Vicky
Published: June 2024

Students who are marginalised based on varying identities, backgrounds and characteristics are highly vulnerable to mental health challenges, but many do not receive appropriate support from healthcare services. Several barriers have been identified, including cultural and systemic factors. Therefore, everyday coping strategies and support in different settings are vital. This study examines the mental health coping strategies and support needs among marginalised students in the United Kingdom (UK). We analysed qualitative and quantitative data from a cross-sectional survey conducted between December 2021 and July 2022. Statistical analysis was conducted on data obtained using the abbreviated version of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE). Qualitative content analysis was applied to data collected using open-ended questions. From a subsample of 788 further and higher education students, 581 (73.7%) students (M = 25 years, SD = 8.19) were categorised as marginalised based on ethnicity, sex/gender, sexuality, religious beliefs, first language, birth country, age (i.e., mature students), and having special education needs/disabilities. Marginalised students had significantly higher scores for problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidant coping strategies/practices compared to other students. Coping strategies included talking to friends and family, practising religion or spirituality, engaging in creative/innovative activities like hobbies, using entertainment as a distraction, waiting to see if things improve and isolating. Students expressed a need for improved or tailored services, additional academic support, and appropriate social support. These included contemporary approaches to support mental health, such as online provisions, regular mentor/personal tutor meetings, lowered academic pressures and opportunities for organised peer support. The findings from this study highlight significant and timely evidence on coping strategies and support needs among a wide range of marginalised student groups in the UK. This study provides important knowledge that is useful to inform personalised culturally appropriate mental health support that can be offered in education settings.
Evaluation of factors predicting tinnitus outcomes following cochlear implantation: Protocol for a prospective quasi-experimental study
Authors: Labree Bas , Sereda Magdalena , Cullington Helen , Johnson Susan , Church Paige , Dunster Josephine , Hoare Derek J.
Published: June 2024

Cochlear implantation is an effective intervention to restore useful aspects of hearing function in adults with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external source, is common in people with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Existing evidence suggests cochlear implantation may be effective in reducing the negative impact of tinnitus in this population. However, this is contradicted by data suggesting that up to half of cochlear implant recipients experience tinnitus, and that some of these patients who did not have tinnitus before cochlear implantation experience it after surgery or cochlear implant activation. Most evidence on the effects of cochlear implantation on tinnitus comes from secondary data in cochlear implant studies primarily concerned with hearing-related outcomes. Hence, the quality of the evidence for effects on tinnitus is low and not suitable to inform clinical recommendations or decision-making. This study will systematically collect data on tinnitus and tinnitus-related outcomes from patients at multiple points during the cochlear implant pathway to characterise changes in tinnitus. This will improve our understanding of the effects of cochlear implantation for tinnitus in adults with severe to profound hearing loss and inform the design of clinical trials of cochlear implantation for tinnitus.
A polygenic risk score for the QT interval is an independent predictor of drug-induced QT prolongation
Authors: Simon Steven T. , Lin Meng , Trinkley Katy E. , Aleong Ryan , Rafaels Nicholas , Crooks Kristy R. , Reiter Michael J. , Gignoux Christopher R. , Rosenberg Michael A.
Published: June 2024

Drug-induced QT prolongation (diLQTS), and subsequent risk of torsade de pointes, is a major concern with use of many medications, including for non-cardiac conditions. The possibility that genetic risk, in the form of polygenic risk scores (PGS), could be integrated into prediction of risk of diLQTS has great potential, although it is unknown how genetic risk is related to clinical risk factors as might be applied in clinical decision-making. In this study, we examined the PGS for QT interval in 2500 subjects exposed to a known QT-prolonging drug on prolongation of the QT interval over 500ms on subsequent ECG using electronic health record data. We found that the normalized QT PGS was higher in cases than controls (0.212±0.954 vs. -0.0270±1.003, P = 0.0002), with an unadjusted odds ratio of 1.34 (95%CI 1.17–1.53, P<0.001) for association with diLQTS. When included with age and clinical predictors of QT prolongation, we found that the PGS for QT interval provided independent risk prediction for diLQTS, in which the interaction for high-risk diagnosis or with certain high-risk medications (amiodarone, sotalol, and dofetilide) was not significant, indicating that genetic risk did not modify the effect of other risk factors on risk of diLQTS. We found that a high-risk cutoff (QT PGS ≥ 2 standard deviations above mean), but not a low-risk cutoff, was associated with risk of diLQTS after adjustment for clinical factors, and provided one method of integration based on the decision-tree framework. In conclusion, we found that PGS for QT interval is an independent predictor of diLQTS, but that in contrast to existing theories about repolarization reserve as a mechanism of increasing risk, the effect is independent of other clinical risk factors. More work is needed for external validation in clinical decision-making, as well as defining the mechanism through which genes that increase QT interval are associated with risk of diLQTS.
Monitoring and stability analysis of roadbed & high slope prior to highway construction
Authors: Zhao Rengye , Cao Shengliang , Ni Bowen , Liu Zhao
Published: June 2024

Monitoring in highway projects is significant for the safety, efficiency and quality of construction. This paper proposes a detailed method for monitoring soft-soil roadbed and high-slope, and the layered settlement gauge and total station are employed to carry out experimental monitoring. The law and stability of soft-soil roadbed settlement and deformation under high-slope are further analyzed. The results show that the cumulative values of roadbed settlement and slope platform deformation in general both increase with the increase of monitoring time. However, near 180 days, an abnormal settlement phenomenon was monitored on both sides of the highway with a maximum value of 9.44 mm. This phenomenon was captured at gauge #1, #3, and #4 on observation stake 3, and exact oppositely, it was also observed at gauge #2 on observation stake 4. Moreover, unusual deformations of the high-slope platforms occurred over a period of 10 to 30 days, and these unusual settlements and deformations are indicative of the highway’s instability. Therefore, the monitoring on soft-soil roadbed settlement and high-slope deformation can provide reference for highway construction.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on road traffic injuries in Iran: An interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Kolivand Pirhossein , Saberian Peyman , Arabloo Jalal , Behzadifar Masoud , Karimi Fereshteh , Rajaie Soheila , Moradipour Morteza , Parvari Arash , Azari Samad
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the number of road accidents and deaths caused by them. The present study aimed to identify the effect of this epidemic on traffic accidents and their casualties in Iran.

Methods

In this study, Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) was used in a semi-experimental design to measure the impact of the restrictive policies of COVID-19 on road accidents. Data were collected retrospectively from the Iran Red Crescent Society data set for 31 provinces from March 2017 to February 2022. The information related to the number of road accidents, injuries, deaths, and deaths in the hospital was collected. The Newey‐West method is used for estimation. Statistical analyses were carried out using R software version 3.6.1.

Results

Since February 2020 in Iran, the reduction in the number of road accidents and the number of injuries and deaths in these accidents was significant at 5% but the reduction of deaths in the scene and hospital was significant at 10%. In general, for all variables, the reduction trend was established only in the first months, and then it had an upward trend.

Conclusion

In the early months of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, the number of road accidents and their casualties decreased. Policies restricting traffic, quarantine, and fines for violators can be reasons for changing people’s behavior and travel patterns and also lead to a reduction in traffic accidents and fatalities. Such studies can explain the importance of the policies in changing behavioural patterns and can be used as a guide in future policies.
Comparative proteomics reveals that fatty acid metabolism is involved in myocardial adaptation to chronic hypoxic injury
Authors: Chen Hu , Yu Shiran , Zhang Xiaoyun , Gao Yujie , Wang Hongqi , Li Yuankun , He Dongsheng , Jia Weikun
Published: June 2024

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most serious form of heart disease, and chronic hypoxia is the basic physiological process underlying CHD. Some patients with CHD do not undergo surgery, and thus, they remain susceptible to chronic hypoxia, suggesting that some protective mechanism might exist in CHD patients. However, the mechanism underlying myocardial adaptation to chronic hypoxia remains unclear. Proteomics was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in cardiomyocytes cultured under hypoxia for different durations. Western blotting assays were used to verify protein expression. A Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) was used to analyze cell growth. In this study, 3881 proteins were identified by proteomics. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed that proteins were enriched in regulating oxidoreductase activity. Functional similarity cluster analyses showed that chronic hypoxia resulted in proteins enrichment in the mitochondrial metabolic pathway. Further KEGG analyses found that the proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation were markedly upregulated. Moreover, knockdown of CPT1A or ECI1, which is critical for fatty acid degradation, suppressed the growth of cardiomyocytes under chronic hypoxia. The results of our study revealed that chronic hypoxia activates fatty acid metabolism to maintain the growth of cardiomyocytes.
Aplicação do método do custeio variável em uma panificadora de Maringá-PR
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo Guilherme , Guedes Karoline
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a gestão dos custos de produção em uma panificadora utilizando a técnica do custeio variável. Foi adotada uma abordagem quantitativa por meio de um estudo de caso, com coleta de dados realizada por meio de pesquisas documentais e entrevistas com os responsáveis pelo setor de custos da empresa. A partir da análise dos dados coletados, foram realizados os cálculos dos custos de produção e margem de contribuição dos produtos mais rentáveis da empresa, visando verificar a eficácia da técnica de custeio adotada e identificar possíveis oportunidades de redução de custos e gargalos de produção. Com a margem de contribuição, foi possível identificar o quanto cada um dos produtos mais rentáveis contribui para a geração de receita da panificadora. Além disso os resultados indicaram como o cálculo das margens de contribuição pôde auxiliar na tomada de decisões estratégicas para a empresa na hora de avaliar seus custos de produção e definição dos preços dos produtos.
Geotechnical Assessment of the Slopes of Hamamok Dam, NE of Koya, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Ghafour Bahra Dh. , Hamawandy Mohammed J. , Sissakian Varoujan K.
Published: June 2024

The Hamamok Dam is an earthfill dam with a height of 25 m and length of 125 m; constructed in 2011; located northwest of Koya town on a deep canyon-like valley that flows along the southeastern plunge of the Bana Bawi anticline; which forms Bawagi Mountain. The exposed rocks in the site belong to the Pila Spi and Gercus formations; however, rocks of the Khurmala and Kolosh formations are exposed upstream from the dam’s reservoir. The difference in the hardness of the carbonate rocks of the Pila Spi Formation which forms the uppermost parts of the cliffs surrounding the dam site and those of soft reddish brown clastics of the Gercus Formation caused steep slopes that suffer from slope instability problems. To assess a geotechnical study of slopes in the dam site, we have collected different field data to perform a Kinematic assessment method using Dip Analyst 2.0 software and draw the stereographic projection for the studied 10 stations using Stereonet v.11 software. Besides Bejerman’s method, which is based on field data only and indicates the Landslide Possibility Index (LPI). The results showed that the L.P.I. values range between 23 and 27, whereas the results of the Kinematic analysis showed that the right bank (Stations 1 – 5) suffers from plane sliding, whereas the left bank (Stations 6 – 10) suffers from toppling. In both cases, Joint 2 has the main role in the developed failures.
Blockchain-enabled intelligent toll management system
Authors: Islam Shahid , Nigar Natasha , Ajagbe Sunday Adeola , Adigun Matthew O.
Published: June 2024

Road toll tax contributes significantly in the economic development of any nation. In developing countries, the toll tax collection is carried out either manually or electronically. However, both approaches suffer from various challenges, including prolonged waiting times, lack of transparency, high operational costs, and concerns regarding data security and privacy. This research aims to address these challenges using a blockchain-based system. The proposed system employs advanced image processing techniques, specifically “You Only Look Once” version 5 (YOLOv5), to accurately capture and store vehicles’ registration numbers in a local server situated at toll plazas. Subsequently, the vehicle identification, along with the driver’s credentials, is transmitted to an application server, where an Ethereum smart contract verifies the information and automatically deducts the toll charges from the driver’s account. The results from this study indicate that the proposed system effectively reduces vehicle waiting time and facilitates uninterrupted vehicular movement. Additionally, the system ensures transaction transparency, safeguards the security and privacy of vehicle details, facilitates non-stop payments, rendering unnecessary cash payments or radio-frequency identification scanning at toll booths, and incorporates a decentralized architectural framework to enhance security and mitigate potential system failures.
Humanzentrierter Gestaltungsprozess eines intelligenten Assistenzsystems in der manuellen Montage
Authors: Markus Antonia , Huebser Louis , Daling Lea M. , Borowski Esther , Isenhardt Ingrid
Published: June 2024

This article presents a human-centered approach to developing an intelligent assembly assistance system, based on ISO 9241-210. Requirements were derived using user-centered methods, and a prototype was developed. A study evaluated the impact of error communication on users, highlighting challenges and potentials. The article demonstrates that the involvement of employees is crucial for the successful development of such systems.
Wissensmanagement im Mittelstand
Authors: Wolf Dana , Schröder Delia , Tischer Maximilian
Published: June 2024

Knowledge management is becoming an increasingly relevant topic for small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) – especially in production. This article demonstrates how to introduce an encompassing knowledge management solution in practice. An exemplary use case is presented to illustrate the application, introduction, implementation and challenges of knowledge management. The article shows solution approaches and initial implementation successes.
Unterstützung von Mitarbeitenden in Montagelinien
Authors: Dvorak Julia , Amma Christoph , Kandler Magnus , Clever Fabian , May Marvin Carl , Lanza Gisela
Published: June 2024

As product and process complexity increases, so does the cognitive ergonomic burden on employees. The development presented here therefore enables the correct execution of the process to be ensured across several stations by means of sensor technology, thus relieving employees.
Der Ursache auf der Spur
Authors: Metzler Yannick A. , Schleicher Robert
Published: June 2024

Integrating mental stress into general risk assessment is crucial for protecting and promoting health and safety of the workforce. This article examines the process of mental stress risk assessment while emphasizing the significance of moderated workshops as a participatory approach to work design, along with associated challenges and solutions for deriving measures to improve working conditions. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of measures as an essential component of continuous improvement processes.
The Legal Framework for Electronic Signature in Jordan A Comparative Study with EU Regulations
Authors: Al Animat Mohammad Elayan Karim
Published: June 2024

Electronic signature, owned by the owner is a matter of trust, and it may be difficult for the other contracting party to verify its authenticity , hence the importance of dealing with and organizing  digital signature is of paramount importance., The aim of this study is to compare the legislation of the EU and Jordan in governing the responsibility of the authentication service provider concerning electronic signature, to find out whether there is a lack of organized legislation with regard to the work of electronic signature service providers. The article will also examine the adequacy of general regulations in supervising the duties of electronic service providers under Jordanian law. I will emphasize the importance of establishing specific regulations, and the need to establish special rules for this particular responsibility, especially with regard to the development of specific rules in line with the UNCITRAL model law on electronic signatures. As regards the EU directives on electronic signatures and other international legislations, it must be emphasized that the issue of electronic authentication services raises several legal problems that can be resolved. Among others the legal nature of the liability of electronic authentication service providers, their legal basis, and their establishment are still subject to legal controversy. In addition to the scope of this responsibility and the issue of determining the extent of compensation that can be imposed in the event of harm to the customer or others, the Jordanian legislators have not established a specific legal system for the responsibility of the employer and the electronic authentication provider to clarify all the ambiguities to which electronic banking operations are exposed to in order to create an independent and sustainable legislative environment for all the rapid technological development.
The Possibility of Addressing Mandatory Rules and Its Adjustments in the Framework of International Commercial Arbitration
Authors: Al Fatayri Layan
Published: June 2024

Mandatory rules are rules that apply to disregard the law chosen by the parties in their agreement. In this article, we will examine and address the role of international commercial arbitration and arbitrators when facing issues related to mandatory rules. It should be stated that mandatory rules pose conflicts for arbitrators because they place the state’s and the parties’ interests in competition. This highlights the main issue of whether the arbitrator should apply the related law when the parties’ agreement does not include this law. In other words, what should the arbitrator do in this case? The answer to this issue varies due to the variety of ways in which the “nature of arbitration” might be legally interpreted. However, a practical solution is needed. In order to reach a practical solution, the author will assess, from a normative approach, the relative benefits of various methodological techniques and their adjustments that are now in use. Then finally, conclusions will be reached regarding the approach and methodological techniques that best balance the parties' interests.
Principles of European Family Law Regarding the Divorce by the Public Notary in Hungary
Authors: Béldi-Turányi Noémi
Published: June 2024

Thanks to the principles of the Commission on European Family Law on divorce law, extrajudicial divorce by mutual consent is becoming increasingly widespread in many European countries. The possibility of introducing this legal institution was also raised in Hungary in 2012 during the codification of the new Civil Code, but was ultimately rejected. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of introducing divorce by the public notary as a possible alternative to divorce by mutual consent, in the light of the principles of European Union divorce law as well as the arguments and counter-arguments raised during the codification process.
Digital Contract in the Emerging Economy of the 21st Century: A Comparative Study
Authors: Jahan Bushrat
Published: June 2024

In business processes or even our everyday life, the law of contract and proper enforcement of such law play a very significant role. The emerging economy, which is now dependent on the digital world phenomenon, is becoming electronic-based. The era of the internet and social networking is making people decentralized and self-regulated, which attracts online selling and purchasing. So, this is actually the sign of expanding electronic commerce, which makes products more available to the consumers. In this situation, the E-Contract is an aid to drafting and negotiating successful contracts for consumers, businesses, and other related services. It is designed to assist people in formulating and implementing commercial contract policies within e-businesses. As the electronic contract is not a paper-based contract but rather related to cyberspace, there must be specification provisions about such contracts. But in reality, there is a lack of provisions on the formation and regulation of electronic contracts. In developing economies, in countries like Bangladesh, the computerized generation needs more protection, but in many, judgments do not allow computerized documents and even the Information Technology Act, Contract Act, and Evidence Act do not wholly justify electronic contracts. In this paper the legal challenges of electronic contracts will be in focus. The real situation of contract law regarding the electronic contract in the context of Bangladesh compared to other countries will be focused on. The main purpose of this paper is to explore more possible functionalities of e-contracts and ascertain the legal implications.
A Comparative Analysis of Child Custody and Access Rights After Divorce or Separation in Kenya and England
Authors: Kenneth Kaunda Kodiyo
Published: June 2024

This study examines the laws and practices surrounding child custody and access rights in Kenya and England following divorce or separation. Its goal is to identify similarities and differences in both countries' legal frameworks and social practices governing these issues. The research methodology employed for this study includes reviewing existing literature such as statutes, case law, and academic papers. The study has discovered that while there are some similarities in the legal frameworks governing child custody and access rights in Kenya and England, there are also significant differences in the legal principles and social practices that inform these frameworks. Various factors, including cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and the role of the family in society, influence these differences. In conclusion, the study suggests that further research is necessary to understand how these differences affect parents and children in both jurisdictions. Additionally, it recommends developing more effective legal and social policies to support families after divorce or separation.
Home Birth from a Comparative Legal Perspective
Authors: Nagy Zsófia
Published: June 2024

The reproductive rights of women touch upon healthcare provided during childbirth, which involve freedom of choice of the place of childbirth. Thus, the issue of home birth is of interest among the legislators, which may be interpreted as part of an ”obligation” posed by international legal documents to ensure that respectful care is provided to women during the whole time of pregnancy. However, currently, there is no evident European consensus on how home birth shall be regulated thus, the legal approach is different among European states. The decision-making of the European Court on Human Rights has influenced domestic legislation, especially in Hungary (Ternovszky v. Hungary case), however, there was a completely different outcome in the Czech Republic in a factually very similar case (Dubská and Krejzová v. Czech Republic). Accurately, what is the woman’s role during childbirth? One model suggests that she is the passive side, and the physician has the main role in successfully conducting the birth. The other model follows the ideal, that childbirth is centred around the woman, and her competency in her body and mind makes her the one in control. Nevertheless, alternative birthing methods are not newfangled in some countries such as the Netherlands, where traditional midwife-supervised home birth can be carried out if a woman chooses so, unlike in Slovakia where this freedom of choice is not evident and discouraged by the legislators. This study tries to shed light on why legislation on this issue is so different in these European states.
Comparison of the Provisions of the Austrian and German Criminal Procedure Laws on Victims with the Hungarian Legislation
Authors: Somogyi Csilla
Published: June 2024

Victims are necessary participants in the criminal process, but until the 20th century they were marginalised. Since then legislators have recognised the importance of victim protection. The Council of Europe and the European Union are also striving to regulate victims' rights and to establish minimum standards, naturally with special emphasis on the rights and protection of the most vulnerable victims. The preamble of the Hungarian Criminal Procedure Act treats the increased protection of victims and the enforcement of their rights as a priority objective. In my study, I will compare the provisions of the Hungarian Criminal Procedure Act with the provisions of the Austrian and German laws on victims. I have chosen these two countries for the comparison because the Hungarian legal system, due to its historical traditions is the closest to them. I believe that it is primarily the practice of these two countries that should be examined and compared with Hungarian legislation.
Title 42 and the Impact on Asylum Seekers: Exploring the Effects of its Termination and its Changes on the US Immigration System
Authors: Tóth Szimonetta
Published: June 2024

The repeal of Title 42, an emergency immigration restriction, represents a significant policy shift in how the United States treats migrants who arrive at the southern border, particularly those seeking asylum. For over three years, U.S. border officers used Title 42 to deport hundreds of thousands of migrants to Mexico or their home countries, claiming that their presence could contribute to the spread of the coronavirus. While Title 42 is allegedly a public health policy, it has been utilized to regulate and prevent unauthorized border crossings. Democrats and campaigners have denounced title 42 because it prevents refugees from obtaining asylum, a legal right they normally have once they reach US territory. Republicans described it as an effective border control tool, requesting that Title 42 should be codified into law so that it may be utilized outside of the pandemic setting. The period of Title 42 ended, which created more obstacles than solutions for asylum seekers. As the US ends Title 42, the rules for asylum seeking are changing once again, the United States will revert to Title 8 under the new standards. The Title 8 Code outlines a strict asylum policy which makes it harder for immigrants to file claims and to seek asylum. Under this new regulation everyone coming from Latin-America, except for Mexico, has to face the harsh reality that the requirements of Title 8 make most of them ineligible for asylum. How does the repealing of Title 42 affect the US immigration system and how will it influence the 2024 elections as the termination was introduced at a critical time, when Biden is seeking a second term?
The Modernity and Legal Unification of the Portuguese-Spanish-Ibero-American Legal Culture in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Visegrády Antal , Aparicio Zoltán Gergely
Published: June 2024

The topic of legal culture[1] is much broader and more comprehensive than its richness of thought could be perceived in the context of an article. Connecting law to the concept of culture is a relatively recent phenomenon.
The concept of culture dating from the middle of the 19th century and still accepted today is that culture means everything that has been created through the physical and mental work of human society. At the beginning of the 20th century, German jurist Kohler regarded contribution to the advancement of culture as the most important task of law and jurisprudence. For him, law is a creative science which evolves to satisfy the needs of society. Professor Radbruch from Germany defined law as a cultural power, a component of culture. Zjelmann saw the main value of comparing laws in that it allows law to be perceived as a cultural phenomenon.
A Charismatic Hyena: Insights for Human-Wildlife Interaction in Shared Urban Environments
Authors: Tal Alon
Published: June 2024

As human-wildlife interactions become more common in an increasingly urbanized world, widespread encroachment on habitat can exacerbate conflicts between indigenous fauna and the populations of cities and towns. Conservation strategies seeking to create empathy and harmony between humans and their natural world upon occasion utilize charismatic species to engage the public. Understanding the nature of charisma in nonhuman animals is therefore important for urban bio-diversity preservation programs. By personalizing wildlife, people are able to develop affection and a commitment to the supporting ecosystems and natural assets. This case describes the life and death of a striped hyena that captured the imagination of the city of Modi'in in Israel for 5 years. Notwithstanding legal efforts by a small minority of local citizens to evict the hyena from the town’s municipal boundaries, the overwhelming affection and support for the animal, especially among young people, not only defused the hyena’s detractors but ultimately contributed to the creation of a major national park adjacent to the city. The surprisingly compelling, bottom-up crusade supporting a hyena’s right to remain in her habitat, even after it has become settled by humans, suggests that the personalized framing of fauna and extensive deployment of social media on behalf of an individual animal can contribute to effective conservation efforts. While anthropomorphizing wildlife is often discouraged by zoologists and rangers, the tactical justification emerges as one of many lessons from the experience. The individualizing of species that “gives them a face” can help communities overcome negative perceptions and fears about large, intimidating predator species.
Dmytro Sergiiovych Nalyvaiko (1929-2023)
Authors: Kozlyk Ihor
Published: June 2024

The article is an obituary in connection with the death of an outstanding Ukrainian literary critic, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine D.S. Nalyvaiko.
Commission Calling: “Call-in” of transactions under the Foreign Subsidies Regulations – uncertainty and unpredictable risks?
Authors: Oberländer Ilka , Sickinger Christopher
Published: June 2024

Focusing on the Commission’s power to call-in transactions prior to their implementation, this article explores the broad prerequisites provided for in Art. 21 (5) FSR and the far-reaching consequences for parties involved in transactions which do not exceed the relevant FSR thresholds.
Zugang zu Fahrzeugreparatur- und -wartungsinformationen: Welche Rolle spielt das Kartellrecht?
Authors: Hübener Fabian , Lutz Benedikt
Published: June 2024

In der Praxis werden Zugangsansprüche zu sog. Reparatur- und Wartungsinformationen (RMI) zur Zeit in der Regel auf die sektorspezifischen Regulierungsvorschriften der Typgenehmigungsverordnung für Kfz gestützt. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel dieser RMI, ob, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der 10. GWB-Novelle und angesichts der Aktualisierung der Kfz-Leitlinien der Kommission, das Kartellrecht wieder an Bedeutung gewinnen könnte und ob andere EU-Verordnungen – wie z. B. der Data Act – in diesem Bereich zukünftig eine Rolle spielen könnten.
Traditions of the cadet association of Nicholas’s cavalry school as a system of self-education (mid-XIX — early XX century)
Authors: Ageeva Antonina
Published: June 2024

The article presents an overview of the traditions of the Cadet association of the Nikolaev Cavalry School (NCS) based on sources of personal origin. Russian Russian Academy of Sciences published memoirs of graduates of the college (A. L. Markov, G. F. Tanutrov, E. Vadimov, V. S. Littauer, E. I. Balabin), published in separate editions, memoirs of junkers (V. V. Khoromansky, K. K. Otfinovsky, N. E. Russky), published in periodicals of the Russian Abroad; as well as texts placed in the commemorative commemorative collections of this military educational institution. Among the corpus of unspoken traditions, the author identifies customs reflecting internal subordination, concerning vocational training and regulating some features of the everyday life of junkers. The author analyzes the sources, identifies the traditions of camaraderie, determines their role in the training of cadets to serve the Fatherland, and notes that traditions were a system that contributed to the preparation of a cadet for military service in general, for service in the cavalry and communication within the regimental community. Traditions have been passed down from issue to issue for decades, but they could change at the same time; The changes were influenced by the internal mood of the partnership itself (the human factor), the attitude of the bosses and the external situation. It is concluded that the traditions of the partnership represented a system of self-education of military youth who studied at the Nikolaev Cavalry School.