bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based training improves patient safety climate in acute stroke care (STREAM)
Authors: Bohmann Ferdinand O. , Guenther Joachim , Gruber Katharina , Manser Tanja , Steinmetz Helmuth , Pfeilschifter Waltraud ,   for the STREAM Trial investigators
Published: July 2021

Background

Treatment of acute stroke performed by a multiprofessional, interdisciplinary team is highly time dependent. Interface problems are preprogrammed and pitfalls relevant to patient safety are omnipresent. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) is a validated and widely used instrument to measure patient safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Simulation-based Training of the Rapid Evaluation and Management of Acute Stroke (STREAM) on patient safety measured by SAQ in the context of acute stroke care.

Methods

During the STREAM trial at seven university hospitals in Germany from October 2017 to October 2018, an anonymous survey was conducted before and after the STREAM intervention centering around interdisciplinary simulation training. The questionnaire, based on the SAQ, included 33 items (5-point Likert scale, 1 = disagree to 5 = agree) and was addressed at the whole multiprofessional stroke team. Statistical analyses were used to examine psychometric properties as well as descriptive findings.

Results

In total 167 questionnaires were completed representing an overall response rate of 55.2%, including especially physicians (65.2%) and nurses (26.3%). Safety climate was significantly improved (pre-interventional: 3.34 ± .63 vs. post-interventional: 3.56 ± .69,p = .028). The same applies for teamwork climate among stroke teams (pre-interventional: 3.76 ± .59 vs. post-interventional: 3.84 ± .57,p = .001). The perceived benefit was most relevant among nurses.

Conclusions

The STREAM intervention centering around interdisciplinary simulation training increases perceived patient safety climate assessed by the SAQ in acute stroke therapy. These results have the potential to be a basis for future quality improvement programs.
Turbulent flow simulation of a single-blade Magnus rotor
Authors: Bai X. , Ji C. , Grant P. , Phillips N. , Oza U. , Avital E. J. , Williams J. J. R.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents numerical studies of the Magnus effect for a kinetic turbine on a horizontal axis. To focus on the Magnus blade, a single self-spinning cylindrical blade is assumed. An iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is employed within the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework due to its capability to treat complex and moving geometries. The Eulerian fluid domain is discretized using the finite volume method while the Magnus rotor is represented by a set of discrete points/markers. The aim of the numerical studies is to provide insights for the design process and predict aerodynamic performances under various operating conditions. Results for stationary and self-spinning cylinders in turbulent flows are found to be in good agreement with published data. By increasing the aspect ratio of the cylinder (simulated segment length over its diameter) from 3 to 10, a 30% drop in lift coefficient and a 22% increase in drag coefficient were observed, which is believed to be attributed to an enhancement of the three-dimensionality of the near-wake. For the Magnus rotor, key parameters such as dynamic forcing and frequency, distribution of pressure coefficient and torque have been produced for two cases with different structural designs and working conditions. With increase of the aspect ratio from 3 to 10, stable forces are observed from the root side of the blade and the torque coefficient increases from 0.68 to 2.1, which indicates a superior performance in terms of power extraction.
Hepatic steatosis: a risk factor for increased COVID-19 prevalence and severity—a computed tomography study
Authors: Ali Asmaa , Hasan Mona , Hamed Shaimaa , Elhamy Amir
Published: July 2021

Background

Around 25% of the world population was affected by the metabolic-related fatty liver disorder. Hepatic steatosis is frequently observed in conjunction with hypertension, obesity comorbidities, and diabetes. We evaluate the hepatic steatosis frequency found in chest CT exams of COVID-19-positive cases compared to non-infected controls and evaluate the related increased prevalence and severity of COVID.

Results

Our research includes 355 subjects, 158 with positive PCR for COVID-19 (case group) and 197 with negative PCR and negative CT chest (control group). The mean age in the positive group was 50.6 ± 16 years, and in the control, it was 41.3 ± 16 years (p < 0.001). Our study consists of 321 men (90.5%) and 34 women (9.5%). The number of males in both cases and control groups was greater. In the case group, 93% men vs. 6.9% women, while in controls, 88.3% men vs.11.6% women, p < 0.001. CT revealed normal results in 55.5% of individuals (i.e., CORADs 1) and abnormal findings in 45.5% of participants (i.e., CORADs 2–5). In abnormal scan, CO-RADs 2 was 13.92%, while CO-RADs 3–4 were 20.89% of cases. CO-RADs 5 comprised 65.19% of all cases. Approximately 42.6% of cases had severe disease (CT score ≥ 20), all of them were CO-RADs 5. The PCR-positive class had a greater prevalence of hepatic steatosis than controls (28.5% vs.12.2%, p < 0.001). CO-RADs 2 represented 11.1%, CO-RADs 3–4 represented 15.6%, and CO-RADs 5 represented 73.3% in the hepatic steatosis cases. The mean hepatic attenuation value in the case group was 46.79 ± 12.68 and in the control group 53.34 ± 10.28 (p < 0.001). When comparing patients with a higher severity score (CT score ≥ 20) to those with non-severe pneumonia, it was discovered that hepatic steatosis is more prevalent (73.2% vs. 26.8%).

Conclusions

Steatosis was shown to be substantially more prevalent in COVID-19-positive individuals. There is a relation among metabolic syndrome, steatosis of the liver, and obesity, as well as the COVID-19 severity.
Experimental observation of turbulent coherent structures in a superfluid of light
(a)
Authors: Eloy A. , Boughdad O. , Albert M. , Larré P.-É. , Mortessagne F. , Bellec M. , Michel C.
Published: July 2021

We experimentally explore the rich variety of nonlinear coherent structures arising in a turbulent flow of superfluid light past an obstacle in an all-optical configuration. The different hydrodynamic regimes observed are organised in a unique phase diagram involving the velocity of the flow and the diameter of the obstacle. Then, we focus on the vortices nucleated in the wake of the obstacle by investigating their intensity profile and the dependence of the radius of their core on the healing length. Our results pave the way for further investigations on turbulence in photonic superfluids and provide versatile experimental tools for simulating quantum transport with nonlinear light.
Influence of Free Fatty Acid Concentrations and Weight Loss on Adipose Tissue Direct Free Fatty Acid Storage Rates
Authors: Jia Qingyi , Carranza Leon B Gisella , Jensen Michael D
Published: July 2021

Context

The factors that determine the recycling of free fatty acids (FFA) back into different adipose tissue depots via the direct storage pathway are not completely understood.

Objective

To assess the interactions between adipocyte factors and plasma FFA concentrations that determine regional FFA storage rates.

Design

We measured direct adipose tissue FFA storage rates before and after weight loss under high FFA (intravenous somatostatin and epinephrine) and low (intravenous insulin and glucose) FFA concentrations.

Setting

Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Unit.

Patients

Sixteen premenopausal women, body mass index 30 to 37 kg/m2.

Intervention

Comprehensive lifestyle weight loss program.

Main Outcome Measure

Direct FFA storage rates in upper and lower body subcutaneous fat.

Results

Over the entire range of FFA and under isolated conditions of elevated FFA concentrations, the storage rates of FFA into upper and lower body subcutaneous fat per unit lipid were associated with concentrations, not adipocyte fatty acid storage factors. Under low FFA conditions, direct FFA storage rates were related to adipocyte CD36 content, not tissue level content of fatty acid storage factors. Weight loss did not change these relationships.

Conclusions

The regulation of direct FFA storage under low FFA concentration conditions appears to be at the level of the cell/adipocyte content of CD36, whereas under high FFA concentration conditions, direct FFA storage at the tissue level is predicted by plasma FFA concentrations, independent of adipocyte size or fatty acid storage factors. These observations offer novel insights into how adipose tissue regulates direct FFA storage in humans.
Bone Microarchitecture Decline and Risk of Fall and Fracture in Men With Poor Physical Performance—The STRAMBO Study
Authors: Wagner Philippe Paul , Whittier Danielle E , Foesser Dominique , Boyd Steven K , Chapurlat Roland , Szulc Pawel
Published: July 2021

Context

High fracture risk in individuals with low muscle strength is attributed to high risk of falls.

Objective

This work aims to study the association of muscle mass and physical performance with bone microarchitecture decline and risk of fall and nonvertebral fracture in men.

Methods

A prospective, 8-year follow-up of a cohort was conducted among the general population. A total of 821 volunteer men aged 60 and older participated. Hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) were assessed at baseline by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Lower-limb relative ALM (RALM-LL) is ALM-LL/(leg length)2. The physical performance score reflects the ability to perform chair stands and static and dynamic balance. Bone microarchitecture was assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at baseline and after 4 and 8 years. Statistical analyses were adjusted for shared risk factors. Outcome measurements included the rate of change in the HR-pQCT indices, incident falls, and fractures.

Results

Cortical bone loss and estimated bone strength decline were faster in men with low vs normal RALM-LL (failure load: –0.74 ± 0.09 vs –0.43 ± 0.10%/year; P < .005). Differences were similar between men with poor and those with normal physical performance (failure load: –1.12 ± 0.09 vs –0.40 ± 0.05%/year; P < .001). Differences were similar between men having poor performance and low RALM-LL and men having normal RALM-LL and performance (failure load: –1.40 ± 0.17 vs –0.47 ± 0.03%/year; P < .001). Men with poor physical performance had a higher risk of fall (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.52; 95% CI, 1.57-7.90, P < .05) and fracture (HR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.08-6.66, P < .05).

Conclusion

Rapid decline of bone microarchitecture and estimated strength in men with poor physical performance and low RALM-LL may contribute to higher fracture risk.
Differences in Final /z/ Realization in Southwest and Northern Virginia
Authors: Hargrave Rachel , Southall Amy , Walker Abby
Published: July 2021

Two apparently contradictory observations have been made about consonantal voicing in Southern U.S. English: compared to other U.S. varieties, Southern speakers produce more voicing on “voiced” stops, but they also “devoice” word-final /z/ at higher rates. In this article, regional differences in final /z/ realization within Virginia are investigated. Thirty-six students from Southwest and Northern Virginia were recorded completing tasks designed to elicit /z/-final tokens. Tokens were acoustically analyzed for duration and voicing; they were also automatically categorized as being [z] or [s] using an HTK forced aligner. At the surface level, the two approaches yield incompatible results: the single acoustic measures suggest that the Southwest Virginians produce more [z]-like /z/ tokens than the Northern Virginians, and the aligner finds that the Southern-identifying participants produce the most [s]-like tokens. However, both analyses converge on the importance of following environment: the Southwest Virginians are relatively least voiced prepausally and more voiced in other environments. These combined findings confirm previous work showing that Southern “voiced” consonants generally have more voicing than other regional U.S. varieties but also suggest that the dialect may exhibit greater phrase-final fortition. There are also differences within Southwest Virginian speakers based on differences in their rurality or in their orientation to the South.
Regional Patterns in Prevelar Raising
Authors: Stanley Joseph A.
Published: July 2021

Prevelar raising is the raising of trap and dress vowels before voiced velars. While bag and beg raising have been described in Canada, the Upper Mid-west, and the Pacific Northwest, an in-depth investigation of their distribution across North America is lacking, especially for beg. Using an online survey distributed to over 5,000 participants via Reddit (which skews toward younger, White males) and ordinary kriging for spatial interpolation, this study finds that prevelar raising is more widespread than previously reported: bag raising is found in much of the North and the Upper Midwest, and beg raising is far more variable and is common across much of the Midlands and the West, with concentrated pockets in the Northern Great Plains and various other regions. These data suggest that the two can occur independently, with areas like the upper Midwest exhibiting bag raising alone and the Midlands and the West reporting beg raising alone. These findings suggest that additional research on prevelar raising and other infrequent phonological variables is required to uncover their regional distribution and social meaning.
The Spiritualization of Politics and the Technologies of Resistant Body
Authors: Ajour Ashjan
Published: July 2021

This article explores the body as a site of subjectivity production during a hunger strike in Occupied Palestine. It further explores the former political prisoners’ theory of subjectivity as it emerges through their praxis and philosophy of freedom. Although the body is the principal tool that the hunger strikers use, they don't consider it the decisive factor in attaining their goal. For that they build on the immaterial strength that develops with the deterioration of the body and from which they construct the concept of rouh (soul). This is expressed through the formation of contradictory binaries: body versus soul and body versus mind. The article shows that the hunger strike not only is a political strategy for liberation; it also moves into a spiritualization of the struggle. It uses and problematizes Foucault's “technologies of the self” to theorize the specific formation of subjectivity in the Palestinian hunger strike under colonial conditions, and it contributes to theories of subjectivation. The hunger strikers, in their interaction with the dispossession of the colonial power, invent technologies of resistance to transcend the colonial and carceral constraints on their freedom and create the capacity for the transformation from a submissive subject to a resistant one.
A Pharmacology of Cinema
Authors: Berger Soraruff Amelie
Published: July 2021

French philosopher Bernard Stiegler inscribes himself in the tradition of critical theory. In this respect, the influence of Adorno and Horkheimer has been crucial to the development of his own understanding of cinema. Yet Stiegler reproaches his predecessors for not having stressed enough the positive virtues of cinema on culture. For Stiegler the industry of cinema is not simply a menace to the human mind, but a positive medium for its reinvention. It is in that sense that cinema is pharmacological, insofar as it can be either spiritually and culturally enhancing or destructive, depending on how it is acted on. As the article concludes, Stiegler's pharmacology of cinema invites us to take part in our cinematic cultural becoming through the revival of the figure of the amateur. But it does so at the risk of cultural snobbery. While Stiegler does not condemn the cinematic medium per se, he does express clear reservations on the potential of commercial cinema, the pharmacological critique of which remains to be thought.
Palladium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Isocyanation for the Synthesis of α-Aryl-α-Isocyanoacetoamide Derivatives
Authors: Yurino Taiga , Tange Yuji , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: July 2021

α-Aryl-α-isocyanoacetoamide derivatives were synthesized through palladium-catalyzed nucleophilic isocyanation. Diethylphosphates derived from N,N-disubstituted mandelamide derivatives reacted with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAC)2 to afford the titled isonitriles (13 examples) in moderate to high yield. The silyl cyanopalladate complex formed in situ was a proposed catalyst, which behaved as a Lewis acid promoting elimination of the phosphate group and also the N-nucleophilic cyanide reagent. The isocyanation was applied to a gram-scale reaction with 0.2 mol% of the catalyst. The obtained isocyanoacetoamide was employable for the further transformation into the trisubstituted oxazole without any purification procedure. DFT calculation suggested that the neighboring group effect of the carbonyl moiety in the substrate amide group assisted the elimination of phosphate and stabilized the carbocation intermediate. A plausible reaction mechanism of the isocyanation is also described.
FLAME: long-read bioinformatics tool for comprehensive spliceome characterization
Authors: Holmqvist Isak , Bäckerholm Alan , Tian Yarong , Xie Guojiang , Thorell Kaisa , Tang Ka-Wei
Published: July 2021

Comprehensive characterization of differentially spliced RNA transcripts with nanopore sequencing is limited by bioinformatics tools that are reliant on existing annotations. We have developed FLAME, a bioinformatics pipeline for alternative splicing analysis of gene-specific or transcriptome-wide long-read sequencing data. FLAME is a Python-based tool aimed at providing comprehensible quantification of full-length splice variants, reliable de novo recognition of splice sites and exons, and representation of consecutive exon connectivity in the form of a weighted adjacency matrix. Notably, this workflow circumvents issues related to inadequate reference annotations and allows for incorporation of short-read sequencing data to improve the confidence of nanopore sequencing reads. In this study, the Epstein-Barr virus long noncoding RNA RPMS1 was used to demonstrate the utility of the pipeline. RPMS1 is ubiquitously expressed in Epstein-Barr virus associated cancer and known to undergo ample differential splicing. To fully resolve the RPMS1 spliceome, we combined gene-specific nanopore sequencing reads from a primary gastric adenocarcinoma and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line with matched publicly available short-read sequencing data sets. All previously reported splice variants, including putative ORFs, were detected using FLAME. In addition, 32 novel exons, including two intron retentions and a cassette exon, were discovered within the RPMS1 gene.
tRNA-like leader-trailer interaction promotes 3′-end maturation of MALAT1
Authors: Torabi Seyed-Fakhreddin , DeGregorio Suzanne J. , Steitz Joan A.
Published: July 2021

Human metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a nuclear long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is highly overexpressed in many cancer tissues and plays important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. The MALAT1 primary transcript contains evolutionarily conserved structural elements in its 3′-terminal region: a triple helix forming element called element for nuclear expression (ENE) and a downstream tRNA-like structure called mascRNA. Instead of being polyadenylated, mature MALAT1 is generated by recognition and processing of the mascRNA by RNase P. A genomically encoded A-rich tract at the new 3′ end of MALAT1, which is generated upon RNase P cleavage, forms a triple helical structure with the upstream ENE. Triplex formation is vital for stabilization of the mature transcript and for subsequent accumulation and oncogenic activity of MALAT1. Here, we demonstrate that efficient 3′-end maturation of MALAT1 is dependent on an interaction between the A-rich tract and the mascRNA 3′ trailer. Using mutational analyses of cell-based reporter accumulation, we show that an extended mascRNA acceptor stem and formation of a single bulged A 5′ to the RNase P cleavage site are required for efficient maturation of the nascent MALAT1 3′ end. Our results should benefit the development of therapeutic approaches to cancer through targeting MALAT1.
ELECTRONIC METHODICAL MANUAL "METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERFORMING LABORATORY CLASSES ON THE DISCIPLINE "ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY" FOR STUDENTS OF THE SPECIALTY 20.02.02 "PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS" OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS"
Authors: GONCHAROVA OKSANA
Published: July 2021

ELECTRONIC METHODICAL MANUAL "METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERFORMING LABORATORY CLASSES ON THE DISCIPLINE "ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY" FOR STUDENTS OF THE SPECIALTY 20.02.02 "PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS" OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. The purpose of the guidelines is to ensure a clear organization of laboratory classes in the discipline, to create an opportunity for students who were absent from the laboratory class to independently perform the work, issue a report and protect the work in a timely manner.
Information and analytical work in the state and municipal administration
Authors: Zobnin Aleksey
Published: July 2021

The features of information and analytical work in the state and municipal administration bodies of the Russian Federation are revealed. It is shown how the political and managerial process (the cycle of political decision-making) is interconnected with the process of information and analytical activity. Examples of analytical solutions to complex management tasks are given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the areas of training "State and municipal management", "Conflictology", "Documentation and archival science". It can be useful for practicing analysts, state and municipal employees.
Multiple imputation to deal with missing objectively-measured physical activity data: findings from two cohorts
Authors: Martins Rafaela Costa , Silva Bruna Gonçalves C. da , Blumenberg Cauane , Ricardo Luiza Isnardi , Silva Shana Ginar da , Ribeiro João Pedro , Matijasevich Alicia , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Gonçalves Helen , Wehrmeister Fernando César , Santos Iná dos , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Barros Aluísio JD
Published: July 2021

The objective of this article was to describe patterns of losses of information regarding accelerometer data and to assess the use of multiple imputation to generate physical activity estimates for individuals without accelerometry data. Two birth cohort studies from Pelotas (Brazil) with participants aged 22 and 11-years old assessed objectively measured physical activity differences between complete and imputed cases. Mean values of overall physical activity for complete cases (n1993 = 2,985 and n2004 = 3,348) and for complete cases plus imputed cases (n1993 = 760 and n2004 = 79) were described according to predictors. Male individuals, participants with black skin color, and less schooled individuals presented higher averages of overall physical activity than their counterparts. Almost all imputed estimates were comparable to the complete cases, and the highest difference found was 0.7 mg for the first quintile of socioeconomic status of the 1993 birth cohort. Multiple imputation is a positive technique to deal with missing data from objectively measured physical activity. It provides a set of relevant variables to be used in order to efficiently predict accelerometer data.
Rare health conditions 48: foetal valproate syndrome, familial amyloidosis and Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually fewer than 1 person in every 2000 and many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of these conditions. This 48th article will explore three of these conditions: foetal valproate syndrome; familial amyloidosis; and Dubin-Johnson syndrome. It will also focus on disabilities and health conditions caused by certain medical interventions.
Acute abdominal surgical presentations in children
Authors: Syrett-Page Joanne , Heaton Paul Anthony , Jenner Lucy , Paul Siba Prosad
Published: July 2021

Surgical conditions affecting the abdomen in children can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality if they are not recognised and managed appropriately. It is therefore important that the correct diagnosis is made quickly, and the appropriate intervention is initiated in a timely manner and, if necessary, rapid transfer is made to a specialist paediatric surgical facility. This article provides an overview of the different surgical presentations encountered in children, and outlines the most important points in the history, examination and management of such cases, whether encountered in the emergency setting or in the community. Two illustrative case studies have been included to demonstrate how these emergencies may present in clinical practice.
Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its predictors following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Rawashdeh Rana , Al Qadire Mohammad , Alshraideh Jafar , Al Omari Omar
Published: July 2021

Background:

Cardiac surgery can be traumatic and stressful, and as a result many people experience psychological difficulties following treatment.

Aim:

To assess the level of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1 month after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery among Jordanian patients, and to examine the predictors of PTSD after 1 month.

Method:

A descriptive survey design was used.

Findings:

149 patients participated in the study. Their mean age was 59 years (SD=10.2) and most were male (87%) and married (93%). Some 44% of patients had PTSD. Length of stay in hospital (c² (1)=6.598, P<0.05), and age (c² (1)=4.920, P<0.05), predicted the occurrence of PTSD after 1 month.

Conclusions:

Nurses, who are usually in the frontline with patients, should consider using a robust tool and clinical interview to assess and evaluate the presence and the risks of PTSD to promote early detection and optimal management. Follow-up studies after 6 and 12 months would be beneficial.
Shark teeth: a case of multiple supernumerary teeth
Authors: Loy Fionnuala , Elton Victoria
Published: July 2021

A 44-year-old male was referred to the Department of Orthodontics at Manchester Dental Hospital. He presented with pain from his heavily restored, lower right second premolar, which had an apical supplemental tooth, visible radiographically. The dentist queried whether the second premolar tooth could be extracted and the supplemental tooth aligned in its place. Clinical examination revealed no relevant abnormalities. The family and medical history were non-contributory. Panoramic tomography revealed multiple supplemental supernumerary teeth in the canine and premolar regions. Cone beam computed tomography and multidisciplinary team input were required to plan the treatment for this unusual case.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: These findings highlight the management and treatment options for a case of non-syndromic, multiple supernumerary teeth. Consideration must be given to the risk of damage to adjacent structures if surgically removing supernumerary teeth, and the risk that supernumerary teeth may be ankylosed and not amenable to alignment within the arch.
Missing lateral incisors: implant-related dilemmas
Authors: Wade Nicola , Shelton Andrew , Gahan Matthew
Published: July 2021

This article provides an overview of the management of developmentally missing lateral incisors. When prosthodontic replacement of the missing lateral is required, wherever possible, implant-supported prostheses are considered the preferred definitive replacement option. The developmentally missing lateral incisor presents a unique aesthetic challenge. Developments in dental implant systems have implications in the management of this particular clinical situation.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To highlight the importance of interdisciplinary dental care, including the orthodontist and restorative dentist, in treatment of patients with missing lateral incisors.
Teknolojik Bir Yaklaşım: Sanal Gerçeklik Maruz Bırakma Terapisi
Authors: VARDARLI Bade
Published: July 2021

Sanal gerçekliğin ruh sağlığı alanında kullanımı, bilgisayarlı modeller yoluyla insan algılarının yapay nesne ve yerlerle gerçekte varmışçasına değiştirilmesine dayalıdır. Sanal gerçeklik maruz bırakma terapisi, güvenli, ekonomik ve kontrol edilebilir bir yöntem olması nedeniyle tercih edilmektedir. Diğer yandan sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının geliştirilmesinin karmaşıklığı, kullanılan donanımların yüksek maliyetli olması ve sanal gerçeklik kullanımının neden olduğu olası yan etkiler, bazı sınırlılıklara neden olmaktadır. Bu yan etkiler, özellikle çocuklarla yapılan sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının görece daha geç başlamasına neden olmuştur. Bu derleme makalesi kapsamında hem yetişkinlerle hem de çocuklarla yürütülen çalışmalara yer verilmektedir. Bu makalede ilk olarak sanal gerçeklik maruz bırakma terapisinin ne olduğu açıklanmış, ardından sanal gerçeklik terapisi ile sıklıkla çalışılmış olan özgül fobiler, kapalı alan ve açık alan korkusu, sosyal fobi, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile otizmde kullanılan sanal gerçeklik temelli uygulamalar ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları, etkililikleri, yararları, olası zararları ve sınırlılıkları açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Should isolated morbid obesity influence the decision to operate in hip and knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Crookes Peter F. , Cassidy Roslyn S. , Machowicz Aleksander , Hill Janet C. , McCaffrey John , Turner Gillian , Beverland David
Published: July 2021

Aims

We studied the outcomes of hip and knee arthroplasties in a high-volume arthroplasty centre to determine if patients with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) had unacceptably worse outcomes as compared to those with BMI < 40 kg/m2.

Methods

In a two-year period, 4,711 patients had either total hip arthroplasty (THA; n = 2,370), total knee arthroplasty (TKA; n = 2,109), or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA; n = 232). Of these patients, 392 (8.3%) had morbid obesity. We compared duration of operation, anaesthetic time, length of stay (LOS), LOS > three days, out of hours attendance, emergency department attendance, readmission to hospital, return to theatre, and venous thromboembolism up to 90 days. Readmission for wound infection was recorded to one year. Oxford scores were recorded preoperatively and at one year postoperatively.

Results

On average, the morbidly obese had longer operating times (63 vs 58 minutes), longer anaesthetic times (31 vs 28 minutes), increased LOS (3.7 vs 3.5 days), and significantly more readmissions for wound infection (1.0% vs 0.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in either suspected or confirmed venous thromboembolism. Improvement in Oxford scores were equivalent.

Conclusion

Although morbidly obese patients had less favourable outcomes, we do not feel that the magnitude of difference is clinically significant when applied to an individual, particularly when improvement in Oxford scores were unrelated to BMI. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):515–521.
Hierarchical elements for the iterative solving of turbulent flow problems on anisotropic meshes
Authors: Wane B.A. , Urquizaa J.M. , Fortin A. , Pelletier D.
Published: July 2021

Accurate solution of industrial turbulent flow problems requires very fine meshes resulting in large systems of non-linear equations and huge computational costs. Efficient iterative methods are therefore necessary. Mesh adaptation, and in particular anisotropic mesh adaptation, allows to reduce considerably meshes size while preserving the accuracy of the solution. Unfortunately, iterative methods and anisotropic meshes do not come along easily and convergence problems may occur. In this work, we show how quadratic elements, expressed in a hierarchical basis, can be used to develop efficient iterative methods for the numerical simulation of turbulent flows on strongly anisotropic meshes.
On the fully 3D simulations of thermoelastic models defined in plate and shell geometries
Authors: Bognet Brice , Leygue Adrien , Chinesta Francisco
Published: July 2021

Many models in polymer processing and composites manufacturing are defined in degenerated three-dimensional domains (3D), involving plate or shell geometries. The reduction of models from 3D to two-dimensional (2D) is not obvious when complex physics or particular geometries are involved. The hypotheses to be introduced for reaching this dimensionality reduction are unclear, and most of the possible proposals will have a narrow interval of validity. The only gateway is to explore new discretisation strategies able to circumvent or at least alleviate the drawbacks related to mesh-based discretisations of fully 3D models defined in plate or shell domains. Appropriate separated representation of the involved fields within the context of the proper generalised decomposition allows solving the fully 3D model by keeping a 2D characteristic computational complexity.
Polygonal finite elements for three-dimensional Voronoi-cell-based discretisations
Authors: Jayabal Kaliappan , Menzel Andreas
Published: July 2021

Hybrid finite element formulations in combination with Voronoi-cell-based discretisation methods can efficiently be used to model the behaviour of polycrystalline materials. Randomly generated three-dimensional Voronoi polygonal elements with varying numbers of surfaces and corners in general better approximate the geometry of polycrystalline microor rather grain-structures than the standard tetrahedral and hexahedral finite elements. In this work, the application of a polygonal finite element formulation to three-dimensional elastomechanical problems is elaborated with special emphasis on the numerical implementation of the method and the construction of the element stiffness matrix. A specific property of Voronoi-based discretisations in combination with a hybrid finite element approach is investigated. The applicability of the framework established is demonstrated by means of representative numerical examples.
Partial-mixed special finite element for the analysis of multilayer composites and FGM
Authors: Andrianarison Orlando , Benjeddou Ayech
Published: July 2021

A partial-mixed special finite element (FE) is proposed for the static analysis of multilayer composite and functionally graded material plates. Using the Hamiltonian formalism, the three-dimensional elasticity equations are first reformulated so that a partial-mixed variational formulation, retaining as primary variables the translational displacements augmented with the transverse stresses only, is obtained; this allows, in particular, a straightforward fulfilment of the multilayer interfaces continuity conditions. After an only in-plane FE discretisation, the static problem is then reduced, for a single layer, to a Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem that is solved analytically, through the layer thickness, using the symplectic formalism; the multilayer solution is finally reached via the state-space method and the propagator matrix concept. The performance, in convergence and accuracy, of the proposed approach, applied to representative examples, is shown to be very satisfactory.
Numerical comparison of reduced order models for non-linear vibrations of damped plates
Authors: Boumediene F. , Duigou L. , Miloudi A. , Cadou J.M.
Published: July 2021

This work deals with the computation of the non-linear solutions of the vibration of damped plates by coupling a harmonic balance method and the asymptotic numerical method. These computations can lead to lengthy central processing unit (CPU) times if the solution sought contains an important number of harmonics. In this study, we propose two reduced order models which can be applied to solve this type of problem. Both reduced methods are based on a first computation carried out with a small number of harmonics (here two). Numerical examples of plate vibration show that these algorithms help save a great deal of computational time and can be applied to problems involving numerous harmonics.
A new meshless method using Taylor series to solve elasticity problems
Authors: Tampango Yendoubouam , Potier-Ferry Michel , Koutsawa Yao , Belouettar Salim
Published: July 2021

A meshless method is presented and analysed. In this approach, one discretises only the boundary, the partial differential equation being solved in the domain by using Taylor series expansion. A least square method is used to apply boundary conditions. In this paper, the method is applied to Navier equations for linear elasticity. Various tests are presented to discuss the efficiency and robustness of the method. The convergence is exponential with respect to the degree but it depends on the radius of convergence of the series. That is why an algorithm has been associated with the Domb–Sykes plot that is a classical method to detect singularities and evaluate the radius of convergence.
Defining and identifying a loading basis for the full-field reconstruction of plate structures under tension loads
Authors: Martini Dominique , Hochard Christian , Charles Jean-Paul
Published: July 2021

This method defines a loading basis for plate structures which is identified from strain measurements in order to reconstruct the mechanical fields. This loading basis is given by the decomposition of a global structure into simple substructures associated with the loaded boundaries only. Some elementary bases are defined for each substructure depending on its local edge effect. A global basis is then obtained by the equilibrium of the complete structure. The main advantage of this approach is to classify the basis vectors depending on their influence on the overall response of the structure.
A non-local formulation for level-set modelling
Authors: Valance Stéphane
Published: July 2021

The level-set method, as introduced by Osher et al. (Osher, S., & Sethian, J., 1988. Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton–Jacobi formulations. Journal of Computational Physics, 79, 12–49.) presents some flaws with respect to algorithmic simplicity and solution admissibility. In this paper, we present a robust approach for the level-set modelling by taking advantage of readily available work from phase-field framework. By adapting the latter with proper velocity correction, we have obtained a non-local formulation of the level-set problem that overrides the aforementioned problems. An application of this approach, both in explicit finite differences and implicit iso-geometric analysis, illustrates the efficiency of this new formulation.
An adaptive algorithm for cohesive zone model and arbitrary crack propagation
Authors: Chiaruttini Vincent , Geoffroy Dominique , Riolo Vincent , Bonnet Marc
Published: July 2021

This paper presents an approach to the numerical simulation of crack propagation with cohesive models for the case of structures subjected to mixed mode loadings. The evolution of the crack path is followed by using an adaptive method: with the help of a macroscopic branching criterion based on the calculation of an energetic integral, the evolving crack path is remeshed as the crack evolves in the simulation. Special attention is paid to the unknown fields transfer approach that is crucial for the success of the computational treatment. This approach has been implemented in the finite element code Z-Set (jointly developed by Onera and Ecole des Mines) and is tested on two examples, one featuring a straight crack path and the other involving a complex crack propagation under critical monotonous loading.
Fast interaction functions for bond-based peridynamics
Authors: Miranda H. David , Orr John , Williams Chris
Published: July 2021

Numerical implementations of bond-based peridynamics are computationally intensive. We propose a new class of fast interaction functions for constitutive modelling that reduce calculation time when compared to other formulations in the literature. This is achieved by substituting the stretch definition from the original interaction functions with a new stretch measure that we call modified stretch. The resultant interaction functions are proven to approximate the existing formulations, and proven to require equivalent stability and convergence conditions under explicit time integration. Gains of speed greater than 11% were obtained in numerical tests that compared the new functions with those in the literature. The new approach was verified against classical elastic theory using simple examples and shows good agreement. Examples describing three-dimensional quasi-brittle structures are also presented. The proposed fast interaction functions lead to improvements in the ability to calculate the load response of realistic structures, since they usually require fine discretisation and large computation time.
Bayesian model updating with consideration of modeling error
Authors: Zhang Erliang , Feissel Pierre , Antoni Jérôme
Published: July 2021

On account of measurement and modeling errors, structural identification is better tackled within the statistical framework. In this work, a complete process of Bayesian inference for the characterization of the dynamic behavior of a linear structure is presented in the frequency domain. The polynomial chaos expansion is adopted as a surrogate model to propagate the parameter uncertainty and thus accelerate the evaluation of their posterior probability distribution. Moreover, one hybrid modal model is proposed by introducing some additional variables so as to deal with the modeling errors. Bayesian updating is validated experimentally on a steel square plate and the proposed hybrid modal model is illustrated numerically on a cantilever beam.
Extension of modal reduction methods to non-linear coupled structure-acoustic problems
Authors: Gerges Youssef , Sadoulet-Reboul Emeline , Ouisse Morvan , Bouhaddi Noureddine
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a robust reduction method dedicated to non-linear vibroacoustic problems in the context of localized geometrical non-linearities. The method consists in enriching the truncated uncoupled modal basis of the linear model by a static response due to unit forces on the non-linear degrees of freedom and by the static response of the fluid due to the interaction with the structure. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical simulations of responses of an elastic plate closing an acoustic cavity and a hang-on exhaust are performed.
Taylor-SPH vs Taylor-Galerkin for shock waves in viscoplastic continua
Authors: Mabssout Mokhtar , Herreros María Isabel
Published: July 2021

A new time discretization scheme with a corrected SPH is presented. The time discretization has been carried out by means of a Taylor series expansion in two steps. In order to avoid numerical instabilities, two different sets of particles have been considered in the time discretization, and a Lagrangian kernel has been used for the spatial approximation. The Lagrangian kernel and its gradient have been corrected to satisfy the consistency conditions. This new method is applied to solve the propagation of shock waves in elastoviscoplastic media and the results are compared with those obtained with a similar time discretization scheme within the frame of FEM. The proposed method is shown to be stable and robust. Numerical dispersion and diffusion are minimized and only a reduced number of particles is required to obtain reasonably accurate results.
Multiscale elastic-viscoplastic computational analysis
Authors: Relun Nicolas , Néron David , Alain Boucard Pierre-
Published: July 2021

The objective of this work is to develop an efficient strategy for quasi-static problems with elastic-viscoplastic constitutive laws. Our approach is based on the multiscale LATIN method for domain decomposition, and particularly on the use of the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) method, which allows a drastic decrease in computation costs. We present the method in its general form applicable to problems with constitutive laws expressed using internal variables; then we discuss the technical features which are necessary in order to deal with elastic-viscoplastic models. We illustrate the method in detail through a onedimensional example using a Chaboche-type elastic-viscoplastic constitutive law.
On multi-fiber beam model with coupled axial and bending response
Authors: Casaux-Ginestet Géraldine , Ibrahimbegovic Adnan
Published: July 2021

Being able to reproduce the coupling between normal and flexural components is a crucial point for multifiber beam element modeling. The aim of this work is to propose a solution for this coupling, using the incompatible modes method. Applied to axial interpolation functions, this method makes possible the coupled description of normal and flexural responses with the same order of accuracy. The enrichment is presented in detail then its performances are highlighted thanks to an academic test.
Ellipsometric and first-principles study on temperature-dependent UV–Vis dielectric functions of GaN
Authors: Cheng Tao , Fei Tianhao , Zhang Wenjie , Yang Jia-Yue , Liu Linhua
Published: July 2021

The third-generation wide bandgap semiconductor GaN currently occupies a hot spot in the fields of high-power electronics and optoelectronics. Fully exploring its optical and optoelectronic characteristics is of great significance. Here, we provide a systematic study on the temperature-dependent dielectric functions of GaN grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition in the spectral range of 0.73–5.90 eV via spectroscopic ellipsometry experiments and first-principles calculations. Ellipsometric measurements identify two typical absorption peaks that originate from the excitonic and phonon-assisted indirect absorption process, respectively. To explore the underlying physics, we perform first-principles calculations using the independent-particle approximation, model Bethe–Salpeter equation (mBSE), and phonon-assisted indirect absorption process (Inabs). In comparison with ellipsometric measurements, the mBSE calculation determines the absorption peak contributed by the many-body excitonic effect, while the Inabs calculation successfully predicts the second absorption peak. When heating the crystal, it observes the redshift and weakening of absorption peaks, intrinsically due to the nontrivial electron–phonon interaction as lattice vibration strengthens. While doping GaN with Fe or Si elements, the introduced free carriers modify the electronic interband transition. As the temperature increases, more free carriers are excited, and the temperature influence on the absorption peak is more significant than that of the undoped one. This work fully explores the physical origins of the temperature and doping effect on UV–Vis dielectric functions of GaN, aiming to promote its application in the fields of high-power electronic devices.
Magnification and wavefront aberration correction by a geometric-phase lens in a polarized aerial display using a right-angle prism
Authors: Momosaki Ryusei , Ashikawa Kazunari , Yamada Koya , Sakamoto Moritsugu , Noda Kohei , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Tanaka Yoshichika , Sakai Takeya , Hattori Yukitoshi , Ono Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

In this paper, geometric-phase lenses, which can not only correct wavefront aberrations but also magnify an aerial image, have been proposed for use in an aerial display system composed of a retroreflector array, an orthogonal-circular polarization grating, a right-angle prism, and a quarter-wave plate. The geometric-phase lenses were demonstrated both experimentally and computationally by arranging them in the aerial display configuration and observing aerial images. We also investigated the relationship between the magnification and the field of view of an aerial image, and it has been found that there is the trade-off relationship between them.