bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and genetic correlation of spinocerebellar ataxia patients: Insights from a tertiary care investigation
Authors: Sanie Bashir , Kawoosa Atif , Khan Ibrar Ahmed , Hilal Sheikh , Ul Nazir Zubair , Raina Adnan Firdaus
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and various noncerebellar manifestations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic correlations among patients with SCA at a tertiary care center in Srinagar, Kashmir.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study included 93 patients with hereditary and sporadic ataxias. The patients underwent clinical assessments, brain imaging, and genetic testing for SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA12, SCA 17, and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis.

RESULTS:

Among the 93 patients, 23.7% were in their second or third decade of life, and 62.4% were male. All patients presented gait ataxia and dysarthria (100%). Cerebellar atrophy was observed in 60.2% of the patients. Genetic testing identified SCA1 in 17.2%, SCA2 in 14%, SCA6 and SCA12 in 1.1% each, SCA17 in 2.2%, and DRPLA in 4.3% of the patients. No cases of SCA3 were found. Clinical manifestations such as slow saccades, nystagmus, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, impaired finger-nose-finger test, and positive Babinski sign were significantly associated with specific genetic subtypes (p < 0.05). However, the radiological findings did not indicate a significant association with genetic subtypes (p = 0.163).

CONCLUSION:

This study revealed a unique distribution of SCA subtypes in the Kashmiri population, which is characterized by a higher prevalence of consanguinity and distinct clinical and genetic profiles. In the future, multi-center studies with broader genetic testing panels and longitudinal follow-ups are needed to further elucidate the phenotypic and genotypic variations in this population.
Pantothenate Kinase-associated Neurodegeneration with Dysarthria
Authors: Uddin Rabia , Badhal Suman , Mathew Annie
Published: February 2025

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), caused by mutation in the PANK2 gene. Patients can have classic or atypical presentations. Patients can have gait abnormalities, dysarthria, behaviour abnormalities and pigmentary retinopathy. ‘Eye of tiger sign’ in magnetic resonance imaging is a classic feature of PKAN. Management of PKAN is symptomatic which includes benzodiazepines, anticholinergics and rehabilitation.
Purpura Fulminans Due to Inherited Protein-C Deficiency in an Infant, in the Setting of MIS-C
Authors: Gupta Anshika , Maheshwari Anu , Mahto Deonath , Dhankar Mukesh
Published: February 2025

Background:

Although multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may be associated with various mucocutaneous features, purpura fulminans (PF) has rarely been associated with it in children.

Clinical Description:

A 10-month-old female infant presented with multiple ecchymotic patches on bilateral lower limbs and scalp gradually progressive over 5 months, associated with fever and irritability for 5 days. On examination, she was alert, hemodynamically stable, with severe pallor and corneal opacity in the left eye, along with the skin lesions, systemic examination being unremarkable.

Management and Outcome:

Investigations revealed severe anemia, normal leukocyte, and platelet counts, elevated inflammatory markers, raised ferritin and NT pro-BNP levels. D-dimer was 5 times the normal range, COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test was negative, but COVID-19 serology was positive >400 AU/ml. Echocardiography ruled out coronary dilatation. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed permanent hyperplastic vitreous in the left eye with retinal detachment in the right eye. The patient was managed along the lines of MIS-C with PF with broad-spectrum antibiotics, methylprednisolone, fresh frozen plasma, later adding cyclosporine, aspirin, and infliximab therapy. The baby showed remarkable improvement. Genetic analysis showed likely pathogenic heterozygous variant in the PROC gene which results in protein C deficiency.

Conclusion:

This case highlights an inherited protein C deficiency manifesting as PF, in a setting of MIS-C in an infant. Prompt and aggressive management can be lifesaving.
Fever in a Neonate – To Keep Neonatal Malaria in Mind
Authors: Dara Pawan Kumar , Mohta Divya , Choudhary Anubhav , Choudhary Nikita , Soni Rajendra Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background:

Malaria is seldom suspected and diagnosed in neonates. Although India is endemic for malaria, there are few reports of neonatal malaria.

Clinical Description:

A 20-day-old, term, exclusively breast-fed, neonate, presented with high-grade fever for 1 day, without any abnormal movements. Antenatally, the mother had fever transiently for 2 days during the second trimester, but not investigated. Examination revealed pallor with hepatosplenomegaly, with normal tone and reflexes.

Management and Outcome:

Investigations revealed anemia (7.1 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (30,000/μL), with bilirubin (total/conjugated) 5.8 / 0.5 mg/dL. Peripheral blood showed schizonts of Plasmodium vivax. The baby was treated with chloroquine, following which he became afebrile and was discharged on the 5th day.

Conclusion:

The case reiterates the importance of suspecting malaria in neonates presenting with symptoms mimicking neonatal sepsis and born to mothers in malaria-endemic areas. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can lead to a favorable outcome.
Anomaly Detection in Skull scanning Images based on Multi-sensor Fusion
Authors: Guo Xiaochun , Ali Hashim
Published: February 2025

Skull bones typically possess complex structures and features. When scanned with ordinary sensors, they are easily affected by noise due to the small difference between abnormal areas and normal tissue. Therefore, this article proposes an anomaly detection method for skull scanning images based on multi-sensor fusion. Firstly, the frequency correction factor is utilized to modify the frequency domain characteristics of the sensor signal during the skull scanning image acquisition process, aiming to enhance signal quality and reduce noise impact during acquisition. Secondly, bilateral filters and discrete wavelet transform are employed to subject the skull scanning image to dual domain decomposition in spatial and transformation domains, aiding in distinguishing between normal and abnormal regions. Subsequently, the low-frequency fusion algorithm guided by filtering and the high-frequency fusion algorithm based on multi-scale morphological gradients are fused, and the fused dual frequency components are merged back into the original spatial domain to retain important details. The fused reconstructed image aids in improving the accuracy of anomaly detection. Finally, a backbone network with an auto encoder structure is established to learn the feature representation of fused images, and an unsupervised deep neural network is employed to establish a detection model for anomaly detection in skull scanning images. Through experiments, it has been demonstrated that the F1 score approaches 1, the ROC curve closely approaches the upper left corner, and the AUC value approaches 1 after applying the proposed method for anomaly detection in skull scanning images. This indicates that the proposed algorithm exhibits high sensitivity and low specificity, achieving high detection accuracy and demonstrating good performance.
Mathematical Aspects of General Relativity
Authors: Cederbaum Carla , Dafermos Mihalis , Isenberg Jim , Ringström Hans
Published: February 2025

General relativity is an area at the interface of partial differential equations, differential geometry, global analysis, mathematical physics and dynamical systems. It interacts with astrophysics, cosmology, high energy physics, and numerical analysis. The field is rapidly expanding and has witnessed remarkable developments and interconnections with other fields in recent years.The workshop Mathematical Aspects of General Relativity was organised by Carla Cederbaum (Tübingen), Mihalis Dafermos (Cambridge/Princeton), Jim Isenberg (Eugene) and Hans Ringström (KTH Stockholm). There were 48 on-site and 4 online participants. There were 16 one hour talks, nine 30 minute talks and four 10 minute talks.
Riemann Surfaces: Random, Flat, and Hyperbolic Geometry
Authors: Borot Gaëtan , Grushevsky Samuel , Möller Martin
Published: February 2025

This workshop brought together experts in Riemann surfaces from the point of view of hyperbolic geometry, experts on flat surfaces from the point of view of Teichmüller dynamics, and the combinatorics and probability community working on asymptotic properties, to focus on asymptotic behavior of Riemann surfaces and their combinatorial models at large genus.
Integration of a non-linear Hirota type equation with additional terms
Authors: Khasanov Aknazar Bekdurdievich , Eshbekov Raykhonbek Khubaydullo ugli , Hasanov Temur Gafurjonovich
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the inverse spectral problem method is used to integrate a Hirota type equation with additional terms in the class of periodic infinite-gap functions. The solvability of the Cauchy problem for an infinite system of Dubrovin differential equations in the class of six times continuously differentiable periodic infinite-gap functions is proved.
It is also shown that the Cauchy problem is solvable at all times for sufficiently smooth initial conditions.
The Relative Influence of Program Signaling, Geographic Preferences, and In-State Status in Determining Odds of Interview Invitation in Residency Selection
Authors: Romanoski Natasha L. , Morgan Helen K. , Kerlek Anna , Serfin Jennifer , Teeter Emily G. , Sood Lonika , Fletcher Laura
Published: February 2025

Background Program signaling and geographic preferences are intended to give residency applicants agency in selecting preferred training locations while allowing programs to identify interested applicants. However, how these variables compare to in-state status (applicant’s permanent addresses in the same state as a program to which they applied) when interview invitations are offered is unknown.

Objective To identify the relative influence of program signaling, geographic preferences, and an applicant’s in-state status in determining the odds of receiving an interview invitation during residency recruitment.

Methods Data from programs and applicants in 9 specialties (anesthesiology, adult neurology, dermatology, general surgery, internal medicine, neurological surgery, pediatrics, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and psychiatry) from the 2023 Supplemental Electronic Residency Application Service application (SuppApp) were included. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for all predictor variables. Results were aggregated across programs within each specialty.

Results Between 51% and 81% of programs that participated in SuppApp within each specialty met inclusion criteria. Applicants were 2.71 to 9.07 times more likely to receive interview invitations when they signaled a program. When an applicant indicated a geographic preference that aligned with a program’s location, or no geographic preference, the odds of receiving an interview were 1.83 to 2.75 and 1.19 to 2.16 times more likely, respectively. In-state applicants were 2.45 to 5.14 times more likely to receive an interview.

Conclusions Use of a program signal, an aligned geographic preference, no geographic preference, and in-state status all individually increase the likelihood of an applicant receiving an interview invitation.
Screening and Molecular Identification of Endophytic Bacteria from Calamus caesius Blume with Potential as Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Lister Nyoman Ehrich , Girsang Ermi , Fachrial Edy
Published: February 2025

Calamus caesius, traditionally used in Asian medicine for managing diabetes mellitus, is a promising source of endophytic bacteria due to its bioactive potential. This study aims to identify the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from “Pakkat” (Calamus caesius Blume), a traditional food of North Sumatra, as a source of α-glucosidase inhibitors. These inhibitors, such as acarbose, are used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus but have significant gastrointestinal side effects. This study focuses on isolating and characterizing endophytic bacteria that can produce natural inhibitors, potentially safer alternatives. Twenty endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated, of which five were excluded due to hemolytic activity. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, and isolates with the highest activity proceeded to α-glucosidase inhibitor testing. Molecular identification of potential isolates was performed through 16S rRNA gene amplification, and genomic DNA sequencing utilized the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. Secondary metabolite analysis was performed using antiSMASH, and gene cluster comparison with CAGECAT. Of 15 isolates, LTUP1.3 (Bacillus cereus) exhibited 86.6% α-glucosidase inhibitor activity, close to the positive control (88%). Although in Bacillus cereus LTUP1.3 no secondary metabolites were found that act as α-glucosidase inhibitors, three enzymes have similarities with enzymes found in Actinoplanes that play a role in acarbose biosynthesis namely dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase RffG, glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmIA and glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase glgC. These results suggest that Bacillus cereus strain LTUP1.3 has a potential biosynthetic pathway similar to the acarbose biosynthetic pathway in Actinoplanes. However, further confirmation is required to establish its overall acarbose production capability.
Effectiveness of Biolarvicides of Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum spotaneum and Andropogon aciculatus on Aedes aegypti larval Mortality and Egg-laying Ability in Adults
Authors: Listiono Heru , Damiri Nurhayati , Kamaluddin Totong , Irsan Chandra , Rahim Supli Effendi
Published: February 2025

Vector-borne disease such as Dengue Hemorrghagic (DHF), transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, remain a significant public health concern in Indonesia.  Controlling these disease often involves insectides; however, the negative impact of chemical insecticides have prompted interest in organic alternatives derived from plants.  Certain weeds, including cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneoum), and needle grass (Andropogon aciculatus), have shown potential as botanical insecticides. Research findings showed that weed root extracts significantly affect larval mortality rate of Ae. Aegypti. At 1000 ppm, larval mortality was significantly higher compared to 100 ppm and the control, while treatments of 1 ppm and 10 ppm showed similar results to the control. Probit analysis revealed that I. cylindrica root extract achieved an LC50 of 974.99 ppm within 24 hours, indicating it could kill 50% of Ae. Aegypti larvae. Within 48 hours, the LC50 dropped to 889.20 ppm. Toxicity tests further revealed significant differences in Ae. Aegypti egg-laying abilities when treated with extracts. Analysis of variance yielded p-values of 0.000 for egg hatching within 72 and 96 hours, highlighting significant differences across samples. These findings suggest the extracts influence mosquito reproduction, warranting further studies to assess the quality of egg hatched from larvae exposed to these treatments. The potential of botanical insecticides derived from weeds represents a promising step toward sustainable mosquito control in the fight against vector-borne diseases.
Indonesian Herb Extracts Inhibit the Replication of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: In Vitro Study
Authors: Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo , Sudaryatma Putu Eka , Lanniari Nafrina , Setiyaningsih Surachmi , Harlina Eva , Wulansari Retno , Ridho Rachmi , Rostantinata Riski , Wiradana Putu Angga , Okabayashi Tamaki
Published: February 2025

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is highly prevalent in cattle. It is a major viral cause of bovine respiratory disease complex, which is associated with morbidity, mortality and substantial economic impact. Currently available treatments are only symptomatic, but no specific treatments are available for BRSV infection. This study aimed to identify new antiviral agents against BRSV, which could be used to control bovine respiratory disease complex in cattle with Indonesian herb extracts. Ethanol extracts prepared from Indonesian herbs including Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, Curcuma aeruginosa, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza were evaluated for anti-BRSV activity in A549 cells. The cytotoxicity of the herb extracts was evaluated using a CCK-8 cell viability assay. Antiviral activities of the herb extracts were examined using cell activity and cytopathic assays. The effect on virus production was evaluated by qRT-PCR and plaque-formation assays. Extracts of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (125 μg/ml), Andrographis paniculata (250 μg/ml), and Phyllanthus niruri (62.5 μg/ml) inhibited BRSV activity in A549 in pre-, simultaneously-, and post-infection treatment assays, respectively, as measured by the selective index. Reduction of BRSV activities by the herb extracts correlated with inhibition of viral gene expression and inhibition of plaque formation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that these herb extracts have sufficient potency to be used not only as a therapeutic agent but also as a preventive agent to limit BRSV infection.
Analysis of Bird Vocal Bandwidth in Relation to Vegetation Structure Variability in Coffee Agroforestry Systems, Jember, Indonesia
Authors: Kurnianto Agung Sih , Dewi Nilasari , Haryadi Nanang Tri , Khowatini Husnul , Lestari Ayu , Lestari Auralia Sakinah , Efendi Galang Prasetyo , Hanafi Ahmad Rifqi A. , Kadafi Ahmad Muammar
Published: February 2025

Bird vocalizations are crucial for communication and adaptation to environmental changes. As forests are converted to agriculture, agroforestry plays a key role in conserving biodiversity. This study examines vocal bandwidth variations in four bird species-Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius), Sooty-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster), Olive-backed Sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis), and Small Minivet (Pericrocotus cinnamomeus)-across three coffee agroforestry sites in Jember, Indonesia: Silo, Kluncing, and Kaliwining. The study explores how vegetation structure influences vocal adaptations using sound recordings, vegetation surveys, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results show significant vocal bandwidth differences in Common Tailorbird and Sooty-headed Bulbul. Common Tailorbird exhibited the highest bandwidth variation in Silo (2.85 kHz), followed by Kluncing (2.30 kHz) and Kaliwining (1.10 kHz) (p<0.001). Similarly, Sooty-headed Bulbul showed significant variation, with the highest bandwidth in Silo (3.1 kHz), Kaliwining (3.5 kHz), and Kluncing (2.7 kHz) (p<0.001). However, bandwidth variation in Olive-backed Sunbird (p = 0.12) and Small Minivet (p = 0.0014) was not significant. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong but non-significant relationship between vegetation structure (Importance Value Index) and Sooty-headed Bulbul presence (R² = 0.8999, p = 0.059). These findings suggest that while vegetation influences some species, other factors like resource availability or human activity may also shape vocal adaptations. This study enhances understanding of bird communication in agroforestry, supporting biodiversity conservation and sustainable land management.
Characterization of SNEDDS Formulated with Single Bulb Garlic and its Anti-Inflammatory Effect on 3T3-L1
Authors: Lestari Sri Rahayu , Sunaryono Sunaryono , Susanto Hendra , Rachmawati Hidajah , Irawanto Rony , Miasih Dewi Sekar , El Baroroh Alif Rosyidah , Annisa Yuslinda , Djati Muhammad Sasmito
Published: February 2025

Inflammation is an early symptom of a disease that reduces the level of health. Single-bulb garlic (Allium sativum L.) is used medicinally as a plant with a broad pharmacological effect, especially anti-inflammatory activity. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have offered opportunities to improve drug delivery. The current study aimed to characterize SNEDDS-single bulb garlic extract (SBGE) and determine its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in 3T3-L1 cells. SNEDDS was formulated from tween-80, glycerol, canola oil, and SBGE. The formula characterization is done using droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, physical stability test, and antioxidant assay. The cytotoxicity test of SNEDDS-SBGE was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using 3T3-L1 cell methylglyoxal (MG) induction, and the expression of cytokines was measured using immunocytochemistry (ICC). The SNEDDS-SBGE had a nanoemulsion size of 42.30±1.39 nm, 0.6±0.03 for the polydispersion index, and -22.63±0.75 mV for the zeta potential. SNEDDS-SBGE was physically stable and had a high antioxidant level (47.579±8.017 %). SNEDDS-SBGE exhibited no toxic effect on 3T3-L1 cells. The administration of 62.5 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml SNEDDS-SBGE could inhibit (p<0.05) the expression of IL-1β after methylglyoxal induction. Thus, SNEDDS-SBGE may have potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Information and Communication Technology's Effect on Inventory Management
Authors: Dadzie Eric Boafo , Yornu Isaac , Yamoah Lord Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine how ICT affected inventory control at Anaji Choice Mart in Takoradi. The study specifically aims to determine the extent of IT system usage in inventory management in supermarkets at Anaji Choice Mart, Takoradi, as well as to establish the advantages of IT usage on inventory management at the Mart and to identify the difficulties associated with using IT in inventory management there. The entire staff population of 150 was sampled for this study using a non-probability sampling technique called purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, were used to analyse the data and explain the variable characteristics. According to the study's findings, Anaji Choice Mart's inventory management system uses information technology to determine order quantity, forecast demand, stock valuation and accounting, stock keeping units, and just-in-time (JIT) systems. Additionally, it was learned from the respondents that ICT has an impact on the Mart's inventory management performance, and it was also revealed from the respondents that there are challenges.
The pharmacological profile, therapeutic importance and limitations with the use of oxycodone: a review
Authors: Umukoro, E.K. , Elijah O.B. , Igben V.J.O. , Moke E.G.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Pain is perhaps the commonest symptom for which patients seek medical care and represents a major socioeconomical burden on healthcare systems globally. Despite a great deal of research into pain and analgesic strategies, the effective management of pain remains challenging. Oxycodone is an old drug but still holds significant therapeutic utility today. Its use has however been fraught with challenges such as abuse. Furthermore, the precise mechanism of action/receptors through which it acts is still the subject of some controversy.
Materials and Methods: A literature search on PubMed and google scholar was performed using the terms 'opioid crisis' 'pain pathway', 'types of nociception', 'opioid receptors' 'peripheral and central sensitisation', 'descending modulation pathway', 'pain management'. Studies, review articles and editorials published in English from 1st Jan 2000 to 1st Dec 2023 were included in this study.
Results: The depth of the problem of the opioid crisis and the effects in different continents has prevented the global utilization of oxycodone; the pharmacological profile of oxycodone which is an old drug with current clinical relevance was also reviewed. Significantly, there exists a gap in existing knowledge of the mechanism of action and precise receptors through which oxycodone acts.
Conclusion: The pain pathway is a complex process with multiple interdependent processes and under modulations from neuronal, endocrine, and inflammatory systems. Oxycodone exploits the pain pathway in producing analgesia but presents a real and present danger of addiction and dependence.
Acute kidney injury in the critically ill patient: a review of epidemiological studies in low-middle Income countries
Authors: Ajuyah R. , Okoye O.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to the sudden reduction in the kidney's ability to carry out its functions. AKI poses a major health burden in both low and middle income countries (LMIC) resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It is a common complication in critically ill patients and has the potential of progressing to CKD.The objective of this article is to review the existing epidemiological studies on AKI in ICUs in LMIC.
Methods:  Pubmed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library online (SciELO) were searched for published reports, including article reviews on AKI in critically ill patients in LMIC. Search items included key words such as “acute kidney injury”, 'critically ill patient”, 'intensive care unit', 'epidemiology' low and middle income countries, 'developing countries'. The Search occurred between September to November 2022.Articles published from 2010 to 2022 were included in the search. The results reported according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Results: Sixteen studies done in 13 LMIC were identified, with these studies analyzing data from 14835 patients from 51 ICUs within these countries from 2010 to 2022. Out of the studies reviewed, Six were from African countries and ten from non-African countries with male sex preponderance. The mean age of patients in the various studies ranged from 36 to 78 years with similar comorbidities reported such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke and heart failure. The overall incidence of AKI in ICU ranged from 29% to 58.5%. RIFLE criteria was used to define AKI in 4 of the reported studies with same number using AKIN criteria and lastly, KDIGO used in 8 studies. While most of the studies used just serum creatinine to define AKI, the study done by Passoni et al included urine output as well. Mortality rate was between 25.7%to 68%. Risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients reported from most of the studies reviewed include increasing age, male sex, sepsis, increasing length of ICU stay, hypovolemia and vasopressor use. Also, comorbidities such as hypertension (14%-46%) and diabetes mellitus (13%- 45.9%) was common among patients. The length of ICU stay varied from 2 to 45 days with longer duration of stay noticed for patients with AKI for those reported.
Conclusion: it is reasonable to conclude that the high incidence of AKI and its contributory factors are persistent in LMICs with the associated poor outcomes.
Inhibition of Naja nigricollis venom phospholipase A2 by ethylacetate extract of Solanum dasyphyllum schum and thonn leaf: an in-vitro and in-silico approach
Authors: Adewunmi R.F. , Yesufu H.B. , Gidado Gidado , Pudza J.S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Snakebite envenomation is an acute medical emergency, particularly in the tropics, and clinical treatment is through the administration of antivenom. However, given the limitations of conventional antivenoms, the plant kingdom is being explored for possible antivenom compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phospholipase A inhibitory potential of ethylacetate extract of 2 Solanum dasyphyllum and to isolate the compound responsible for the antivenom activity.
Materials and Method: The leaves of S. dasyphyllum were extracted, phytochemical constituents were screened and phospholipase A2 enzyme inhibition study was carried using standard methods. The ethylacetate extract was subjected to various chromatographic techniques to isolate the antivenom compound, and the structure was determined using HNMR and CNMR spectra. The proposed structure of the isolated compound was used for molecular docking study with cobra venom phospholipase A2 . 
Results: The result of phospholipase A enzyme inhibition shows that different concentrations of  ethylacetate extract of S. Dasyphyllum significantly inhibited the activity of phospholipase A2 in N. nigricollis venom. Chromatographic investigations of the extract lead to the isolation of methyl linolenate, and a strong interaction with the enzyme active site and a binding energy of -6.60 kca/mol was recorded when docked with cobra phospholipase A2 enzyme, thereby making it a potential inhibitor of the enzyme. 
Conclusion: Conclusively, ethylacetate extract of S. dasyphyllum demonstrated a significant inhibition of phospholipids A2 enzyme and this finding suggests that methyl linolenate may be a potential inhibitor of phospholipase A2 and could possibly lead to the development of a drug to treat snakebites.
Pattern of female genital tract malignancies at Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria
Authors: Esemuede O. , Okhionkpamwonyi O. , Abedi H.O.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Cancers of the female genital tract contribute significantly to cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally. The pattern and distribution of these malignancies vary from region to regions. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, pattern of presentation and distribution of the different types of genital tract malignancies in Delta State.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study of gynaecological malignancies managed at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara from January 2013 to December 2015. Case notes of all patients seen with gynaecological malignancies confirmed histo-pathologically during the studied period were retrieved. The required information was extracted from the case notes.
Results: A total of 3964 patients were seen at the gynaecological clinics during the period and 137 of these patients had gynaecological malignancies, with incidence of 3.5% of total gynaecological patients. Cervical cancer accounted for 68.42% of the cases. This was followed by ovarian cancer, comprising 15.79% and endometrial cancer, 12.78%. Vulvar cancer and choriocarcinoma were least occurring, accounting for 1.5% each. The mean age of all patients with genital tract malignancies was 51.26 ± 13.2years. The mean ages of patients with cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancers were 42.70 ± 3.15, 61.52 ± 6.82 and 58.76±5.57years respectively. The mean parity was 5.62 ±1.74. 
Conclusion: Cervical cancer was the most common female genital malignancy and a higher proportion of the patients were grandmultiparous women with postcoital bleeding being the most common clinical presentation.
Platelet count variability in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: implication for haematopoietic system health
Authors: Echonwere-Uwikor B.E. , Chukwu P.H. , Ken-Ezihuo S.U.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Platelet count variability and indices are critical markers in assessing haematopoietic system health during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) poses a risk of bleeding and delays treatment. This study evaluated platelet count changes during chemotherapy and their implications for haematopoietic health.To analyze platelet count variability in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and identify factors influencing haematopoietic system health.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study recruited 100 female breast cancer patients aged 21–60 years undergoing chemotherapy at RSUTH. Participant's demographics were recorded. Platelet parameters, including platelet counts (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT), were measured pre-chemotherapy (control and baseline) and after the 1st,   2nd, and 3rd chemotherapy cycles. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05
Results: Most participants (48%) were aged 31-40 years, and 69% were at stage III cancer. Chemotherapy 9 significantly altered platelet indices. PLT increased from the control (179 ± 75.58 x 109 /L) to baseline (264  ± 103.4 x 109 /L) and showed variability across cycles (1st : 272.0 ± 142.6 x 109 /L, 2nd : 247 ± 142.6 x109 /L, 3rd :259.1 ± 109.3 x 109 /L; p = 0.001). MPV declined steadily (control: 9.5 ± 1.0 fL to 8.1 ± 0.6 fL by the 3rd cycle; p=0.032). PDW increased significantly (control: 16.3 ± 2.0% to 19.4 ± 3.5% by the 3rd cycle; p = 0.022). PCT showed a consistent decline (control: 0.30 ± 0.05% to 0.20 ± 0.03% by the 3rd cycle; p = 0.034).
Conclusion: Chemotherapy significantly affects platelet parameters in breast cancer patients, potentially indicating altered haematopoietic function. Monitoring these indices is vital for optimizing patient care and mitigating risks associated with treatment.
Analysing the Connection Between Motivation, Compensation, and Employee Job Satisfaction
Authors: Ackah David , Krist Addo Suzzy , Yornu Isaac Kofi
Published: February 2025

This research aims to assess the relationship between motivation, compensation and job satisfaction of employees in the banking industry using the Hatso Branch of Ghana Commercial Bank as a study area. For this case study, sixty (60) people sample staff of the study area were selected as the research population using a simple random sampling method, using quantitative and qualitative analysis. To measure employees’ motivation, compensation and job satisfaction, a questionnaire to measure compensation satisfaction has been used. This model includes payment justice, Organizationally designed procedures, and supervisor and performance-based pay. Herzberg and Kitchener's model has also been used to measure employee motivation. Motivation, compensation and job satisfaction play an essential role in employee turnover because it would lead to employees resigning when their motivation, compensation and job satisfaction are low. The results indicate that human resources practice positively and significantly correlates with motivation, compensation, and job satisfaction. On the other hand, human resources practice and motivation, compensation and job satisfaction are negatively and significantly correlated with turnover. Turnover affects the cost of operations and drains the organisation of inherent implicit knowledge. Relationships of motivation, compensation, and job satisfaction have been studied to manage these effects. However, only moderate results have been obtained, a situation blamed on excluding individual difference factors and other relationships involving these factors. The relationship between motivation, compensation and job satisfaction intention was evaluated using data from 60 employees in the study area (senior and Junior inclusive). Motivation, compensation and job satisfaction were found to have a negative relationship with organisational turnovers or performance. Intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction moderated this relationship, such that participants who were low in their satisfaction had a greater tendency to exit the organisation even at high levels of motivation, compensation and job satisfaction. These results indicate that the effect of motivation, compensation, and job satisfaction on turnover can be enhanced in two ways: when employees find congruence between their job and their self-identity and when they are involved in such jobs, which enhances their overall job satisfaction. Consequently, Human resource managers will be challenged to prioritise job design and develop policies that help employees balance their work and non-work involvements to enhance their overall motivation, compensation and job satisfaction.
The role of art therapy in neuroscience within the African context: a narrative review with insights from an art therapy session in Kenya
Authors: Njoroge Felix , Mbugua Sharon , Ombima Christine , Stam Nicholas
Published: February 2025

Art therapy has been established as a powerful psychotherapeutic tool that utilizes artistic media to enhance mental and neurological well-being. This has been supported by various neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies which reveal its positive effects on brain function. This review emphasizes art therapy’s potential within the African context, where it could potentially help to address diverse neurological and psychological needs due to its adaptability to cultural nuances and effectiveness in non-verbal communication settings. The review also highlights an art therapy session aimed at addressing grief experienced by healthcare workers. This review also highlights the necessity for expanded educational programs, policy development, and research to integrate art therapy more comprehensively into African healthcare systems. These advancements are crucial for overcoming cultural and resource-related barriers, ensuring the accessibility and efficacy of art therapy within the African context.
Neuropathology of suicide: a narrative review article
Authors: Sanusi Ahmad , Olasode Babatunde , Adeyoyin Komolafe Morenikeji
Published: February 2025

Suicide neuropathology is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by psychological, social, and environmental factors. Researchers have primarily focused on the role of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, in suicide. A deficiency in serotonin input to the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral prefrontal cortex is associated with suicide and suicidal behaviour and is linked to decision-making and suicide intent. The serotonin hypothesis proposed that low levels of serotonin in the brain contribute to an increased risk of suicidal behaviour. However, subsequent studies have produced mixed and inconsistent results, indicating that the relationship between serotonin and suicide is not straightforward. Recent research has expanded the focus to structural and functional brain abnormalities associated with suicidal behaviour. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have allowed researchers to investigate the brain's anatomy, connectivity, and activity patterns in individuals at risk of suicide. Genetic studies have provided insights into the genetic basis of suicide risk, with certain genetic variations associated with increased susceptibility to suicidal behaviour. Studies have found increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers in the brains of individuals who died by suicide, suggesting a link between inflammation and suicide risk. A drug targeting the glutamate pathway, ketamine, has recently drawn attention for its ability to rapidly treat depressive symptoms and holds great promise as a potential antisuicidal drug. Overall, further research is needed to better understand the neuropathological mechanisms underlying suicidal behaviour.
Comparative Study Of Physico-Chemical Parameters On Natural And Artificial Fish Habitats In Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Aniema P Inyang Etoh , Edak K Agi Odey , Victoria I Emeka , Caroline J Odum , Wilfred M Tsegba
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical parameters of natural and artificial fish habitat in Calabar South. Ten (10) physico-chemical parameters were investigated. Parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and hydrogen ion concentration were measured insitu from artificial and natural habitats. Results obtained from this study showed that, temperature from the University of Calabar Fish Pond (artificial habitat) were between 28.4-29.30C, with a mean value of 28.83±5.36oC, while that of the Calabar river (natural habitat) were between 29.44-29.620C, with a mean value of 29.54±5.44oC. Dissolved oxygen ranged between 3.0-3.9mg/L, with a mean value of 3.83±1.96mg/l from the artificial habitat and between 3.40-3.48mg/L, with a mean value of 3.43±1.85mg/L in the natural habitat. Phosphate concentration was between 0.044-0.075mg/L in the University of Calabar fish pond, with a mean value of 0.063±0.25mg/L, while in the Calabar River, phosphate ranged between 0.029-0.048mg/l, with a mean concentration of 0.041±0.02mg/L. In the Calabar River, sulphates ranged between 0.082-0.088mg/L, with a mean concentration of 0.253±0.16mg/L, while in the University of Calabar fish pond, sulphates ranged between 0.032-0.083mg/L, with a mean concentration of 0.062±0.25mg/L. There was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the levels of physico-chemical parameters between the two fish habitats. The ranges of the physico-chemical parameters in this study were within FEPA and WHO permissible limits for aquaculture practices. However, to improve on the ecological status of the habitats, it is recommended that proper management and monitoring of waste that goes into the systems should be undertaken by individuals and the government and their relevant agencies.
Assessment Of Information And Communication Technology Support For Interdisciplinary Research Ecosystem In Nigerian Universities – A Survey
Authors: O Igboji Kingsley
Published: February 2025

Scientific research and technological innovations are key drivers of development and socioeconomic influence. Diverse advanced information and communication technology (ICT) innovations are revolutionizing processes to solving complex problems including those of research in interdisciplinary scope. This study evaluated scholars’ knowledge of ICT tools/interdisciplinary research (IDR), capacity index for using ICT in IDR, impacts of ICT in IDR ecosystem & institutional ICT infrastructural provision in promoting the culture of interdisciplinary research ecosystem across Nigerian universities. This was a cross-sectional study design using structured questionnaire of 5-point lickert scale for data collection. It drew participants from Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike and Ebonyi State University Abakaliki with sample size of 185 scholars purposively selected during academic board & associations’ meetings. Data was analyzed based on percentage and mean rating (MNR) using SPSS software. On knowledge of ICT tools/interdisciplinary research (MNR: 3.51–3.95); scholars involvement in IDR (MNR: 3.21–3.34); capacity for ICT support tools (MNR: 3.07–3.95); institutional ICT support tools (MNR: 2.43–2.92); roles/impact of ICT on IDR ecosystem (MNR: 3.55–4.48). The study found that scholars’ knowledge of ICT tools/IDR was fair, whereas capacity for utilizing ICTs was poor & gross inadequacy of ICT support tools in the universities. This significant gap in capacity for ICTs/IDR and gross inadequacy of ICT support tools are critical factors contributing to declining interest/involvement of scholars in IDR. We recommends articulated comprehensive ICT capacity enhancement training intervention for scholars & university authorities prioritizing actions geared towards rapid scaling up of ICT infrastructures.
The unique Balearic Megalithic “Taulas” (Tables): Paleolithic/Neolithic pre- Iberian lineal scripts found in the Taula complex of So Na Caçana (Menorca Island, Spain)
Authors: Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Ruiz-del-Valle Valentin , Lledo Tomas
Published: February 2025

Taulas (or Tables) are Megalithic unique monuments that are found only in Menorca Island (Balearic Is, Spain). Their construction age is uncertain but it is associated to Talayotic culture and it is assigned to the 1st millennium BC without solid objective bases: particularly when the only one similar structure found in the World are those of Gobekli Tepe in Antolia (Turkey) constructed about 10,000 years ago. In the present paper, we have found Paleolithic /Neolithic Lineal scripts in the East Taula recint of So Na Caçana Minorca megalithic complex It was established that one of the few cultural features that maintained these scripts in Megaliths, rocks and stones at least in Balearic Islands (Menorca), Iberia, Canary Islands and South Sahara for such a long time could be the Mother Godess religion. On the other hand, this Megalithic Lineal script could also be Iberian signary precursor: our studies suggest that some of these scripts were included later in the Iberia-Tartessian signary at least. We have used the Iberian relationship with live Basque language for proposed a simple translation of these Megalithic signs in the context of the Mother Godess religion. Finally, it is postulated that a “green” Sahara migration of climate exiled people in the process of Sahara desertification after 10,000 years BC is responsible for many writing, language and genetic traits of the Mediterranean area, including Canary Islands and Balearic Archipelago, Also, So Na Caçana means in Menorca Island own language “The property of the She-Hunter”.
Sexual dimorphism and stature estimation from hand and foot variables in Ondo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Adefisan Idowu Elijah , Olopade Collins Oluwaseyi
Published: February 2025

Forensic anthropology relies critically on accurate sexual differentiation and stature estimation from skeletal remains, particularly in populations with significant ethnic diversity. This study investigated hand and foot measurements among the Yoruba population in Ondo State, Nigeria, to develop population-specific anthropometric models for forensic identification and individual characterization. A comprehensive crosssectional study was conducted with 300 participants (110 males, 190 females) aged 17- 55 years. Researchers meticulously measured hand and foot dimensions, including hand length, hand breadth, wrist diameter, foot length, and foot breadth. Advanced statistical analyses were employed, encompassing independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, and discriminant function analysis to explore the intricate relationships between these physical measurements, sex, and stature. Significant sexual dimorphism was observed across all hand and foot measurements (p < 0.001), with males consistently demonstrating larger physical dimensions. Right hand breadth (RHB), right hand length (RHL), and right foot length (RFL) emerged as the most robust sex predictors, achieving an impressive 88.7% accuracy in discriminant analysis. Stature estimation revealed that hand and foot measurements explained 37.6% of variance in males and 22.8% in females. Notably, RHB proved most significant for male stature prediction, while RFL was most predictive for females. These findings substantially enhance the anthropometric database for Nigeria, offering pragmatic forensic applications for population-specific identification. The research underscores the reliability of hand and foot measurements in sex determination and stature estimation within the Yoruba population, providing valuable insights for forensic anthropology and archaeological investigations.
Parinaud syndrome: About a case reported at the Lome Campus University Hospital
Authors: Mondonga IAF , Guinhouya KH , Assogba K , Balogou AK.
Published: February 2025

Parinaud syndrome corresponds to gaze paralysis which occurs in the vertical direction and shows hen the patient wishes to make a voluntary movement. We report the case of a patient who presented a midbrain lesion with Parinaud syndrome as manifestation.
Le syndrome de Parinaud correspond à une paralysie du regard qui survient dans le sens vertical et apparaît lorsque le patient souhaite effectuer un mouvement volontaire. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient ayant présenté une lésion pontique mésencéphalique avec comme manifestation le syndrome de Parinaud.