bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crop Rotations and Poultry Litter Affect Dynamic Soil Chemical Properties and Soil Biota Long Term
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Allen F. L. , DeBruyn J. M. , Owens P. R. , Sams C.
Published: May 2018

Dynamic soil chemical interactions with conservation agricultural practices and soil biota are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aims to quantify long‐term (12‐yr) impacts of cover crops, poultry litter, crop rotations, no‐tillage, and their interactions on dynamic soil properties and to determine their relationships with nutrient cycling, crop yield, and soil biodiversity (soil microbial and earthworm communities). Main effects were 13 different cropping sequences of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at the Research and Education Center at Milan, TN, and eight sequences of corn and soybean at the Middle Tennessee Research and Education Center, Spring Hill, TN. Sequences were repeated in 4‐yr phases from 2002 to 2014. Split‐block cover crop treatments consisted of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), poultry litter, and a fallow control. Soil C and nutrient fluxes were calculated at surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–15 cm) layers during Years 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12. After 12 yr, weighted means (0–15 cm) of soil pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, total N, and C were greater under poultry litter‐amended soils compared with cover crops (P < 0.05). In addition, continuous corn sequences resulted in greater soil K, N, and C concentrations than soybean–soybean–corn–corn rotations (P < 0.05). Poultry litter treatments were positively correlated with greater soil fertility levels, as well as higher crop yield and soil biodiversity. These results underscore linkages between manure additions and cropping sequences, within the nutrient cycling, soil health, and crop production continuum.

Core Ideas

Bio‐covers illicit greater soil property responses than crop rotations in upper horizons.

After 12 yr, cropping rotations affect subsurface physiochemical fluctuations.

Soil biodiversity was linked to poultry litter and high‐residue‐producing crops.

Poultry litter was the greatest driver for earthworm and microbe community structure.

Crop rotation diversity altered soil habitat by influencing nutrient status and residue.
Effects of Water Regimes on Methane Emissions in Peatland and Gley Marsh
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Song Changchun , Chen Weiwei , Zhang Xinhou , Tao Baoxian
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Large pulses of CH4 can be emitted during short‐duration drying–wetting episodes.

Peatland soils had higher CH4 emissions than gley marsh soils under a steady water table.

Accurate CH4 estimates should include weather events that cause rapid changes in soil moisture regimes.

The increasing frequency of extreme drought and intense precipitation events with global warming may affect CH4 emissions from different types of wetlands by regulating drying–wetting cycles. To determine the effects of different water regimes on CH4 emissions, a mesocosm experiment was conducted. Soil cores sampled from peatland and gley marsh were subjected to two drying–wetting cycles (i.e., fluctuating between −10 and 10 cm for 7 and 15 d, respectively) and three steady water table treatments (10, 0, and −10 cm). Alternation between drying and wetting stimulated CH4 emissions (F = 16.03 for 7 d and F = 31.85 for 15 d, P < 0.01). The highest emission pulses were observed between 4 and 9 d after the water table increased according to the models. Peak pulse emissions significantly increased by 41% in peatland and 109% in gley marsh after rewetting compared with that in the steady 0‐cm water table treatment. Peatland soils had higher CH4 emissions than gley marsh soils under steady water table treatments (P < 0.01). This study shows that large pulses of CH4 can be emitted during short‐duration drying–wetting episodes. If these pulses are not accounted for in budgets, CH4 emissions may be incorrectly assessed when comparing with field measurements during regularly spaced sampling intervals over only a few days or weeks by the static opaque chamber technique. Accurate estimates of CH4 budgets not only depend on increased measurement frequency but by necessity should incorporate weather events that cause rapid changes in the soil moisture regime.
HYDROLOGICAL REGIONS IN SCANDINAVIA AND FINLAND
Authors: MELIN RAGNAR
Published: May 2018

The rivers of Scandinavia and Finland are studied with regard to regime, regional distribution, and long-term variations in discharge. The regime studies are based on monthly mean coefficients, i.e. the relation between the monthly means and the average annual discharge for a 30-year period. Within the two main areas of nival highland and lowland regime and Atlantic snow and rain regime (Fig. 1), different regime types have been studied (Figs. 2 and 3, tables 2-4). The regional distribution has been estimated with correlation coefficients and relations between means for one year expressed as a percentage of the mean discharge of 1931-60. Some of the correlation coefficients are shown in Table 5. The variations of 30- and 10-year mean discharge in percentage of the mean discharge 1911-60. have been studied by the method of moving averages from the year 1901 (Figs. 4-9). As to the 30-year records there are four regions with different trends, the North Calotte with two parts, the Arctic Sea part and the inland, the Scandinavian high mountain district, Vestland in Norway, and the eastern lowland (Fig. 10). The relations between discharge, precipitation, and temperature are discussed. Based on the results of the studies, mainly those of regional distribution together with other elements such as the situation of drainage areas and runoff values, hydrological regions have been delineated, Fig. 11.
THE REDOX POTENTIALS IN SMALL OLIGO AND MEROMICTIC LAKES
Authors: KJENSMO JOHANNES
Published: May 2018

The redox potentials of lake water have been the subject of several investigations (Kusnetzow 1935, Pearsall & Mortimer 1939, Hutchinson, Deevey & Wollack 1939, Deevey 1941, Allgeier, Hafford & Juday 1941, Mortimer 1941-42). The ecological significance of the redox potentials is stressed in several of these works. The work of Mortimer (1941-42) also shows the importance of the seasonal variations in redox potentials for the liberation from the sediments of different important nutrients.

At present very little is known about the redox potential of the deep water in meromictic lakes. Allgeier, Hafford & Juday (1941) recorded vertical distribution of redox potential in one meromictic lake, Lake Mary, Wisconsin. The redox potential of the monimolimnion of Lake Mary varied from Eh = 0.140 volts at 8 m to Eh = 0.075 volts at 20.5 m. Hutchinson (1957) assumes it probable that other, but by no means all, meromictic lakes will be found to show a similar phenomenon.

In the present paper the vertical distribution of redox potential of the water of three meromictic and one oligomictic lake is described.
IRON METABOLISM IN TWO BASINS OF A LAKE NEAR OSLO, NORWAY
Authors: BØYUM ANDERS
Published: May 2018

Langlivann and Himtjern are two basins in a lake situated on rocks poor in lime and with coniferous forest and bogs in the surroundings. The lake is fundamentally oligotrophic. The influence of allochthonous organic matter is shown by lake colours which are different shades of brown, and by water colours which at the surface are from 15 to 25 on the mg Pt/1 scale.

Some differences in hydrology and morphology make the thermal and oxygen stratifications different in the two basins. At certain periods iron is accumulated in great quantities in the deep water. The differences, both in time and depth, in oxygen concentration make it possible to study the influence of this element on the reduction/oxidation of iron. An attempt has been made to find the critical concentration of oxygen. The value found by Einsele (1940) in eutrophic lake water seems also to be valid in this dystrophic lake.

The development of dichotomous pH stratifications is shown. They seem to confirm the above statement.
CROSS-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER LEVELS IN AN ESKER
Authors: ERIKSSON ERIK
Published: May 2018

A study is made on 30-year records of precipitation, river water stage, and groundwater levels in the esker area south of Uppsala, Sweden, using cross-spectrum analysis. The results are summarized as coherence graphs for frequencies up to 18 cycles/year and tables of phase shifts for selected frequencies. The coherence between precipitation and the other variables is extremely weak or absent. The river water level and groundwater levels show appreciable coherence relatively independent of frequency, suggesting that variation in groundwater levels runs parallel to variations in river water stage. The coherence between groundwater levels, however, is such that interaction is suggested. The phase shift between river water level and groundwater level is approximately 10–30 days with the groundwater levels lagging. The magnitude of phase shift seems to depend on the distance between ground surface and groundwater level.
Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in natural surface water bodies in Poland
Authors: Adamska M.
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in 36 natural surface water bodies in Poland, including preliminary genotype identification and determination of co-occurrence of this parasite with other protozoa that have been detected in previous studies. The examined DNA samples were obtained before to detect Cryptosporidium, Giardia and free-living amoebae. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on B1 gene and sequencing was performed for both confirmation of parasite presence in water and genotype identification. T. gondii DNA was detected in 19.4% (7/36) water bodies, while in the case of other studies, T. gondii prevalence ranged between 0% and over 56%. These differences may be caused by natural variations in T. gondii occurrence as well as different sample volumes and methods of sample processing or DNA isolation and detection. Two cases of double contamination were reported: T. gondii with Cryptosporidium parvum and T. gondii with potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba T4 genotype, thus there is a possibility of mixed infection in humans after occasional contact with water. Obtained T. gondii strains were genetically identical or closely similar (99.8%) to RH strain representing genotype I, however, further examinations involving more loci will be conducted to identify the genotype.
Efficient adsorption of benzoic acid from aqueous solution by nitrogen-containing activated carbon
Authors: Qin Hangdao , Xiao Rong , Zhang Renhui , Chen Jing
Published: May 2018

Adsorption is an efficient treatment process to remove benzoic acid from aqueous solution. In this study, nitrogen-containing surface groups were introduced onto activated carbon (AC) surface by modification with ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, melamine or urea. The nitrogen-containing AC samples were characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption, Boehm titration, determination of the pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption of benzoic acid from aqueous solution by nitrogen-containing AC has been studied. The Langmuir model fitted the experimental data of equilibrium isotherms better than the Freundlich model. At initial solution pH 2.1, the adsorption capacity was closely related with the amount of pyridinic and pyrrolic N on the AC surface, which indicated these two nitrogen-containing groups played an important part in the adsorption process. The enhancement of adsorption capacity was due to the strengthened π–π dispersion force between benzoic acid and the AC basal plane. Since the surface charge of AC as well as the existence form of benzoic acid varied with solution pH value, the adsorption capacity was found to be highest at pH 3.8 and dropped sharply at higher or lower pH values.
Lei nº 8.666/93 e PL nº559/13: as principais mudanças para o gestor público
Authors: PAZ Daliana Bolzan , MENTI Magali de Moraes
Published: May 2018

Tramita no Senado o projeto de Lei – PL nº 559/13, o qual visa à substituição da atual Lei de Licitações – Lei nº 8.666/93, junto com a Lei do Pregão – Lei nº 10.520/02 e Regime Diferenciado de Contratações Públicas (RDC)- Lei nº 12.462/11. É de fundamental importância para o gestor público conhecer as normas e leis referentes à licitação, para desempenhar de forma mais eficiente, ágil e com qualidade as suas funções. Este artigo tem como fim relatar uma pesquisa realizada no segundo semestre de 2015 cujo objetivo foi identificar as principais mudanças para o gestor público que ocorrerão com a mudança da Lei nº 8.666/93 para o PL nº 559/13, analisando os itens e descrevendo os principais pontos positivos e negativos, vantagens e desvantagens dessas alterações. Apresenta como referencial teórico o gestor público e a importância da licitação, a licitação pública, competência para legislar, principais avanços da legislação, Lei nº 8.666/93 e suas modificações, PL nº 559/13, Lei nº 12.462/11 e Lei nº 10.520/02. A pesquisa relatada compara a Lei nº 8.666/93 e o PL nº 559/13, identificando as principais mudanças apresentadas, de acordo com os autores e entidades representativas pesquisadas. Apresenta ao final 4 itens e 11 subitens de mudanças, dos quais foram consideradas 4 alterações como benéficas e 11 como desvantagens ou danosas para o gestor público e a Administração Pública. Identificou que a maioria das mudanças propostas apresenta pontos negativos. Conclui-se que a Lei de Licitações deve adequar-se e ser alterada após um profundo estudo e discussões com todas as entidades envolvidas, para embasarem com o devido amadurecimento e confiabilidade as alterações, suprindo a necessidade existente. A mera substituição de uma norma por outra ou sua repetição, não conduz ao aperfeiçoamento tão almejado, devendo-se buscar com essa alteração a transformação em um instrumento permanente.
A política habitacional no Rio Grande do Sul entre os anos 1999-2014
Authors: FRANÇA Paulo Antônio , GARCIA Ricardo Letizia
Published: May 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo realizar a descrição do comportamento da política habitacional no Rio Grande do Sul, considerando sua relação com a política nacional da área, verificada no período de atuação da Secretaria de Habitação e Saneamento, entre 1999 e 2014. Logo, procurou-se demonstrar que as contribuições dadas em cada gestão estadual, através das ações e investimentos em produção habitacional, não tiveram importância significativa na redução do déficit habitacional do Estado, principalmente no atendimento das pessoas das faixas de menor renda. Além disso, foi realizada também uma análise comparativa da evolução do déficit habitacional do Rio Grande do Sul com alguns outros Estados, no período entre 1995 e 2012. Os resultados indicam que a existência de uma entidade executora da política habitacional no governo não contribuiu de maneira significativa para a diminuição do déficit habitacional.
Sorbinil, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, in Fighting Against Diabetic Complications
Authors: Huang Qi , Liu Qiong , Ouyang Dongsheng
Published: May 2018

Background:

Aldose reductase (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which
is one of the major threats to global public health.

Objective:

In this review article, we have discussed the role of sorbinil, an AR inhibitor (ARI), in
preventing diabetic complications.

Results:

AR contributes in diabetes by generating excess intracellular superoxide and other mediators
of oxidative stress through polyol pathway. Inhibition of AR activity thus might be a potential
approach for the management of diabetic complications. Experimental evidences indicated that
sorbinil can decrease AR activity and inhibit polyol pathway. Both in vitro and animal model studies
reported the efficacy of sorbinil in controlling the progression of diabetes. Moreover, Sorbinil
has been found to be comparatively safer than other ARIs for human use. But, it is still in earlyphase
testing for the treatment of diabetic complications clinically.

Conclusion:

Sorbinil is an effective ARI, which could play therapeutic role in treating diabetes
and diabetic complications. However, advanced clinical trials are required for sorbinil so that it
could be applied with the lowest efficacious dose in humans.
Pharmaceutical Drug Nanocrystals: Role in Dermal Delivery
Authors: Kumar Manish , Shanthi Nithya , Mahato Arun Kumar
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Nanocrystals constitutes of 100% drug and considered as a “new drug” by
Food and Drug Administration. It is proven to be an effective alternative for topical delivery of drug
with increased bioavailability. Recently formulation of the drug as nanocrystals has been accomplished
for many drugs exhibiting low aqueous solubility, ineffective permeability or both in order to increase
the dermal bioavailability.

Conclusion:

In this review article, an effort was made to explain the role of nanocrystals in the dermal
delivery of the drug which results in increased bioavailability and efficacy through enhancement of solubility,
dissolution velocity, permeation and penetration. Recently dermal delivery of the drug as nanocrystals
is a challenging method but explained by many researchers through their work. Preparation of
drugs as nanocrystals might be a promising method of drug delivery to Class II and Class IV drugs of
Biopharmaceutical Classification System. Drug nanocrystals can also be applied in cosmetics for effective
results.
Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Scherer Aaron M , Witteman Holly O , Solomon Jacob , Exe Nicole L , Fagerlin Angela , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Most displays of laboratory test results include a standard reference range. For some patients (eg, those with chronic conditions), however, getting a result within the standard range may be unachievable, inappropriate, or even harmful.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to test the impact of including clinically appropriate goal ranges outside the standard range in the visual displays of laboratory test results.

METHODS

Participants (N=6776) from a demographically diverse Web-based panel viewed hypothetical glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test results (HbA1c either 6.2% or 8.2%) as part of a type 2 diabetes management scenario. Test result visual displays included either a standard range (4.5%-5.7%) only, a goal range (6.5%-7.5%) added to the standard range, or the goal range only. The results were displayed in 1 of the following 3 display formats: (1) a table; (2) a simple, two-colored number line (simple line); or (3) a number line with diagnostic categories indicated via colored blocks (block line). Primary outcome measures were comprehension of and negative reactions to test results.

RESULTS

While goal range information did not influence the understanding of HbA1c=8.2% results, the goal range only display produced higher levels of comprehension and decreased negative reactions to HbA1c=6.2% test results compared with the no goal range and goal range added conditions. Goal range information was less helpful in the block line condition versus the other formats.

CONCLUSIONS

Replacing the standard range with a clinically appropriate goal range could help patients better understand how their test results relate to their personal targets.
Research on the Case of Art Therapy and Cognition of Autistic Children
Authors: Bi Wei , Wu Ju , Lin Rungtai
Published: May 2018

Due to congenital brain damage, autistic children suffer from difficulties in overall development, especially in interpersonal relation, language and behavior. Many scholars try to understand the inner world of autistic children through various treatments, but only painting, the most primitive language for children, is also the most direct way to express the autistic children’s mind. Therefore, there seems to be a certain degree of corresponding relation between artistic creation and message expression, but artistic creation is actually a complex mental activity, and it is difficult to understand the meaning of message in a simple model. This study explores the communication modes in addition to language based on the case of three children’s paintings in the “Gallery for Little Friends” initiated by Tencent Charity Foundation, whose main purpose is to develop an alternative way to communicate with autistic children, let us know, interpret and evaluate through their paintings, and then take appropriate actions to transform the messages in the paintings to concrete actions and measures, realize the goal of helping autistic children’s oral expression, and try to interpret the inner world of autistic children with painting as a medium.
Algunas concepciones sobre la justicia distributiva y sus problemas en relación al disfrute del derecho a la educación
Authors: Henríquez Martínez Alfonso
Published: May 2018

En materia de justicia distributiva, uno de los problemas más importantes, es el que dice relación con la pregunta acerca de cuál es el criterio más justo de distribución. En este sentido, se han planteado tres alternativas: el suficientismo, el prioritarismo y el igualitarismo. Para el suficientismo, la justicia radica en proveer un nivel suficiente o adecuado de bienestar para todos. A su vez, para el prioritarismo, el Estado debe priorizar únicamente a los peor situados. Por último, para el igualitarismo, la justicia consiste en repartir una misma o equitativa porción a todos. En este trabajo, nosotros vamos a proponer que este último criterio, constituye el estándar de distribución más adecuado, tratándose el derecho a la educación.
Ocorrência da displasia coxofemoral em cães da raça Golden Retriever atendidos no Centro de Radiologia Veterinária no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Boehmer Carolina , Ramadinha Luiz Sergio
Published: May 2018

Frequent in dogs, especially the medium and large ones, the Hip Dysplasia is a polygenic disease of a quantitative and multifactorial nature. The Golden Retriever breed is prone to this disease. For the conclusive evaluation a correct radiographic opinion with high technical quality is important, besides the confirmation of the documentation. The exams should be performed in clinics that meet the criteria of the International Cinologic Federation, where the Norberg angle is an important diagnostic data. The data presented in this work refer to the years 2010 to 2015 and the results obtained show that the majority of dogs do not present the Hip Dysplasia, and among the sick animals, mild Hip Dysplasia type C is the most frequent.
Prostaglandin F2α Facilitates Hepatic Glucose Production Through CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway in Fasting and Obesity
Authors: Wang Yuanyang , Yan Shuai , Xiao Bing , Zuo Shengkai , Zhang Qianqian , Chen Guilin , Yu Yu , Chen Di , Liu Qian , Liu Yi , Shen Yujun , Yu Ying
Published: May 2018

Gluconeogenesis is drastically increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and accounts for increased fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Circulating levels of prostaglandin (PG) F2α are also markedly elevated in diabetes; however, whether and how PGF2α regulates hepatic glucose metabolism remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PGF2α receptor (F-prostanoid receptor [FP]) was upregulated in the livers of mice upon fasting- and diabetic stress. Hepatic deletion of the FP receptor suppressed fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas FP overexpression enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. FP activation promoted the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase) in hepatocytes in a FOXO1-dependent manner. Additionally, FP coupled with Gq in hepatocytes to elicit Ca2+ release, which activated Ca2+/calmodulin-activated protein kinase IIγ (CaMKIIγ) to increase FOXO1 phosphorylation and subsequently accelerate its nuclear translocation. Blockage of p38 disrupted CaMKIIγ-induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation and abrogated FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. Moreover, knockdown of hepatic FP receptor improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice. FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis via the CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 signaling pathway, indicating that the FP receptor might be a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Perivascular Adipose Tissue–Derived PDGF-D Contributes to Aortic Aneurysm Formation During Obesity
Authors: Zhang Ze-Bei , Ruan Cheng-Chao , Lin Jing-Rong , Xu Lian , Chen Xiao-Hui , Du Ya-Nan , Fu Meng-Xia , Kong Ling-Ran , Zhu Ding-Liang , Gao Ping-Jin
Published: May 2018

Obesity increases the risk of vascular diseases, including aortic aneurysm (AA). Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding arteries are altered during obesity. However, the underlying mechanism of adipose tissue, especially PVAT, in the pathogenesis of AA is still unclear. Here we showed that angiotensin II (AngII) infusion increases the incidence of AA in leptin-deficient obese mice (ob/ob) and high-fat diet–induced obese mice with adventitial inflammation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) was highly expressed in the PVAT of ob/ob mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that PDGF-D mediates adventitial inflammation, which provides a direct link between PVAT dysfunction and AA formation in AngII-infused obese mice. We found that PDGF-D promotes the proliferation, migration, and inflammatory factors expression in cultured adventitial fibroblasts. In addition, the inhibition of PDGF-D function significantly reduced the incidence of AA in AngII-infused obese mice. More importantly, adipocyte-specific PDGF-D transgenic mice are more susceptible to AA formation after AngII infusion accompanied by exaggerated adventitial inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Collectively, our findings reveal a notable role of PDGF-D in the AA formation during obesity, and modulation of this cytokine might be an exploitable treatment strategy for the condition.
Health Care Utilization and Burden of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the U.S. Over the Past Decade: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Desai Dimpi , Mehta Dhruv , Mathias Priyanka , Menon Gopal , Schubart Ulrich K.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Although our ability to treat diabetes and its associated complications has significantly improved, presentation with uncontrolled diabetes leading to ketoacidosis remains a significant problem.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We aimed to determine the incidence and costs of hospital admissions associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We reviewed the National Inpatient Sample database for all hospitalizations in which DKA (ICD-9 codes 250.10, 250.11, 250.12, and 250.13) was the principal discharge diagnosis during 2003–2014 and calculated the population incidence by using U.S. census data. Patients with ICD-9 codes for diabetic coma were excluded because the codes do not distinguish between hypoglycemic and DKA-related coma. We then analyzed changes in temporal trends of incidence, length of stay, costs, and in-hospital mortality by using the Cochrane-Armitage test.

RESULTS

There were 1,760,101 primary admissions for DKA during the study period. In-hospital mortality for the cohort was 0.4% (n = 7,031). The total number of hospital discharges with the principal diagnosis of DKA increased from 118,808 in 2003 to 188,965 in 2014 (P < 0.0001). The length of stay significantly decreased from an average of 3.64 days in 2003 to 3.24 days in 2014 (P < 0.01). During this period, the mean hospital charges increased significantly from $18,987 (after adjusting for inflation) per admission in 2003 to $26,566 per admission in 2014. The resulting aggregate charges (i.e., national bill) for diabetes with ketoacidosis increased dramatically from $2.2 billion (after adjusting for inflation) in 2003 to $ 5.1 billion in 2014 (P < 0.001). However, there was a significant reduction in mortality from 611 (0.51%) in 2003 to 620 (0.3%) in 2014 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis shows that the population incidence for DKA hospitalizations in the U.S. continues to increase, but the mortality from this condition has significantly decreased, indicating advances in early diagnosis and better inpatient care. Despite decreases in the length of stay, the costs of hospitalizations have increased significantly, indicating opportunities for value-based care intervention in this vulnerable population.
Autoetnografía y directivos docentes: una aproximación experiencial a las reformas educativas en Chile
Authors: Aravena Castillo Felipe , Quiroga Lobos Marta
Published: May 2018

En los últimos 26 años se han implementado en Chile numerosas reformas educativas con el objetivo de mejorar la equidad y calidad del sistema. Los directivos escolares, como actores y protagonistas de estas reformas, han desarrollado su propia visión sobre estos fenómenos sociales y sus efectos en las organizaciones escolares, por ello el presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar tres políticas públicas educativas a través de la experiencia de directivos docentes senior –utilizando una exploración autoetnográfica que se inscribe en el paradigma cualitativo. Los resultados indican que los directivos docentes vivencian las políticas públicas con temor y sensación de inseguridad percibida desde una posición solitaria. La relevancia de este estudio se enmarca en la oportunidad de situar a los individuos, desde una perspectiva emocional, en un contexto sociocultural específico.
ConVivim: aplicación de un programa para aprender a convivir democráticamente
Authors: Grau Vidal Roser , García Raga Laura
Published: May 2018

En las últimas décadas, la convivencia se ha convertido en uno de los desafíos más importantes de las sociedades del siglo XXI, y su versión educativa en un taller práctico de construcción de una ciudadanía comprometida con los valores cívicos de la democracia. En este contexto toman valor las estrategias enmarcadas en el modelo de “ayuda entre iguales”, como el programa ConVivim, cuyo diseño e implementación se presenta en este trabajo con el objetivo de demostrar su impacto en la mejora de la convivencia democrática. El escenario de investigación es una escuela ubicada en un barrio en situación de vulnerabilidad social, donde se aplica un diseño cuasi-experimental, pretest-postest, a 83 miembros de su comunidad educativa. Los resultados muestran el éxito de la intervención, transferible a otras realidades internacionales, aun cuando resulta evidente la exigencia de seguir trabajando para que la escuela se convierta en una institución referente para la cohesión social.
xTAG Luminex multiplex assay for rapid screening of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Oprea Mihaela , Usein Codruța-Romanița
Published: May 2018

The O26 verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC)-associated outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) cases in Romania during 2016 showed the need to improve the current methodology of non-O157 VTEC detection and surveillance. An in-house assay based on xTAG Luminex technology was optimized to identify seven of the most relevant diarrheagenic E.coli serogroups (O-specific wzx genes), two convenient VTEC virulence markers (eaeA and ehxA genes), and a species-specific control gene (uidA). Twenty-nine strains previously characterized in terms of serogroup and virulence genes were tested with the optimized protocol and the results were as expected. The ratio of sample signal to background varied from 66.7 (ehxA) to 7.6 (uidA) for positive samples, with a cut-off of 3. Sensitivity varied depending on the target to be amplified from approximately 102 genomic copies to approximately 104 genomic copies per reaction, respectively. The current approach seems an affordable alternative to commercially available assays that can be further exploited to improve existing autochthonous strategies to prevent future VTEC outbreaks.
Study on Breaking Load of Single Lap Joint Using Hybrid Joining Techniques for Alloy Steel AISI 4140 and Mild Steel: Taguchi and Neural Network Approach
Authors: Lalta Prasad , Rahul Khantwal
Published: May 2018

The present investigation carried out to analyze the breaking load of single lap joint using hybrid joining techniques for alloy steel AISI 4140 and mild steel as base material by experimentally and optimized by Taguchi method and neural network. The six samples of lap joints were prepared namely: bolted joint (BJ); adhesive joint (AJ); welded joint (WJ); bolted-welded joint (BWJ); adhesive-welded joint (AWJ) and adhesivebolted joint (ABJ). The breaking load of the joints in terms of breaking load and elongation were evaluated for each joint. The effect of the adjustment attached to the joint on the breaking load and elongation were evaluated. Taguchi method was applied for given input parameters and L4 design of experiments was used. The breaking load and elongation were taken as output response. The predicted values by Taguchi method were used as target values in neural network fitting curve. Neural network fitting tool was used to check whether the obtained values were near the target value or not. Based on the achieved results, the maximum breaking load and elongation were found for bolted-welded joint.
PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA KONKRIT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IX PADA POKOK BAHASAN WUJUD BENDA DI SMP NEGERI 1 DASUK
Authors: Indriati Indriati , Riskiyah Riskiyah
Published: May 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (a) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa Kelas IX SMPN 1 Dasuk Kabupaten Sumenep setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran berpendekatan kontekstual dengan menggunakan media benda konkrit untuk pelajaran IPA pada pokok bahasan Wujud Benda (Padat, Cair dan Gas) Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian ini berawal dari permasalahan di lapangan, kemudian dievaluasi, dan dianalisis menurut teori-teori penunjang untuk kemudian dilakukan tindakan di lapangan. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa pada awal siklus pertama, Hasil Nilai Siswa Pada Pelaksanaan Siklus I (Minggu Ke-1) Rata-Rata Nilai 61,25 siswa kurang antusias terhadap metode ceramah yang digunakan guru dalam penyampaian materi. Ketika guru mulai menyajikan contoh-contoh yang berkaitan dengan dunia nyata mereka mulai antusias terlihat bahwa Hasil Nilai Siswa Pada Pelaksanaan Siklus I (Minggu Ke-2) Rata-Rata Nilai 69,17. Namun contoh-contoh yang disajikan guru kurang variatif sehingga hasil yang dicapai kurang maksimal sedangkan pada siklus kedua guru mulai menyajikan contoh-contoh secara lebih variatif terlihat bahwa Hasil Nilai Siswa Pada Pelaksanaan Siklus II (Minggu Ke-3) Rata-Rata Nilai 76,25. Ketika guru juga tidak lagi menggunakan metode ceramah melainkan memandu siswa untuk melakukan praktek tentang Wujud Benda (Padat, Cair dan Gas) Semester I yang terjadi, mengamati dan menyimpulkan. Kemudian siswa diberi tes untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa terhadap materi terlihat bahwa Hasil Nilai Siswa Pada Pelaksanaan Siklus II (Minggu Ke-4) Rata-Rata Nilai 85,42. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran berpendekatan kontekstual dengan menggunakan media benda konkrit untuk pelajaran IPA pada pokok bahasan Wujud Benda (Padat, Cair dan Gas) Semester I pada siswa Kelas IX SMPN 1 Dasuk Kabupaten Sumenep Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.
Faktaa, fiktiota ja feikkiuutisia – miten olla hukkumatta informaatiotulvaan?
Authors: Lassila-Merisalo Maria
Published: May 2018

Minut kutsuttiin puhujaksi informaatiolukutaidon seminaariin päivälleen tasan puoli vuotta ennen seminaaria. Hahmottelin silloin esitykselleniotsikon Faktaa, fiktiota ja feikkiuutisia − miten olla hukkumatta informaatiotulvaan? Kuin tilauksesta kaksi päivää ennen seminaaria julkaistiintutkimus, jonka mukaan jopa puolet suomalaisista uskoo ammattimaisen median tekevän valheellisia uutisia (Virranta 2017). Tulos oli tutkimuksentekijän mukaan hämmästyttävä. Jotakin merkittävää on tosiaan tekeillä, ja puheeni aihe on nyt ajankohtaistakin ajankohtaisempi.
Caracterização da qualidade de néctar misto de carambola com hortelã
Authors: Araújo Auryclennedy Calou de , Silva Flávio Luiz Honorato da , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Silva Francilania Batista da
Published: May 2018

A elevada procura por produtos naturais e nutritivos nos últimos anos tem levado a indústria de alimentos ao desenvolvimento e elaboração de novos produtos que agreguem valor, gerem renda e estimule o cultivo, consumo e preservação de espécies pouco exploradas. Tendo em vista esses aspectos, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o comportamento dos parâmetros físico-químicos de um néctar composto de polpa carambola e hortelã, em razão do fruto (carambola) ser pouco explorado regionalmente em escala comercial. Foram elaboradas três formulações e analisadas quanto ao o teor de água, açúcares (totais, não redutores e redutores), atividade de água, acidez titulável, vitamina C, sólidos solúveis, pH, cinzas e cor. As formulações resultaram em produtos com alta atividade de água, permaneceram dentro da faixa ácida (pH ≤ 4,5) e atende aos parâmetros estabelecidos para néctares de frutas.
PENGARUH BAHAN DIELEKTRIK DALAM UNJUK KERJA WAVEGUIDE
Authors: Markis Lince
Published: May 2018

Makalah ini menyajikan hasil studi pengukuran nilai Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) dan power reflection factor (PRF) untuk berbagai jenis bahan dielektrik yang akan disisipkan pada saluran transmisi yang beroperasi di frekuensi 9 GH dan dibandingkan dengan saluran transmisi tanpa bahan dielektrik. Pengukuran dilakukan di laboratorium antena Politeknik Negeri Padang dengan menggunakan alat ukur penunjang komponen waveguide yang berfungsi menghasilkan nilai VSWR dan PRF sehingga didapatkan grafik gelombang berdiri dengan parameter tegangan dan jarak. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menjadikan bahan dielektrik berbagai jenis dengan kondisi rangkaian terbuka. Pengukuran pertama dilakukan untuk bahan dielektrik jenis teflon berwarna putih diperoleh hasil VSWR sebesar 28,50 dengan PRF 86,90% sedangakan bahan dielektrik jenis plexiglass berwarna transparan nilai VSWR sebesar 12,39 PRF 72,35 % dan bahan dielektrik jenis PVC berwarna abu-abu VSWR 7,97 dengan PRF 60,39 %. Sedangkan untuk saluran transmisi tanpa bahan dielektrik ( tidak disisipi bahan dielektrik ) nilai VSWR 1,50 dengan PRF 4,01%.
PENENTUAN SIFAT-SIFAT FISIS PARTIKEL DARI BEBERAPA JENIS BEDAK BAYI DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PROSES INHALASI
Authors: Handani Sri , Mulyadi Sri
Published: May 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat fisis partikel dari beberapa jenis bedak bayi dan hubungannya dengan proses inhalasi. Parameter yang ditentukan antara lain kandungan unsur dalam bedak bayi yang dibandingkan dengan standar kualitas udara sekitar yang ditetapkan EPA, konsentrasi partikel bedak bayi dan proses inhalasi bedak bayi. Penelitian ini menggunakan cascade impactor, XRF portable XMET-5100 dan software biokmod. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan unsur yang terdapat pada 7 sampel jenis bedak bayi ini Fe, Sn, Zn, Ca, W, Zr, Sb, Ti, Mn, Ni, Sr, Cr dan Cu dan beberapa bedak bayi mengandung unsur Pb, Co, Cd, dan Ta yang memiliki resiko terhadap kesehatan. Semua jenis sampel bedak bayi melebihi standar yang telah ditetapkan EPA yaitu sebesar 150 Âµg/m3 untuk PM10 dan 35 Âµg/m3 untuk PM2,5. Dengan menggunakan program biokmod proses inhalasi bedak bayi diperoleh pengendapannya lebih banyak pada ET2 yaitu bagian pharynx dan larynx, dan akan lebih banyak mengendap pada bayi yang berumur 3 bulan.
SUSEPTIBILITAS MAGNETIK DAN KONTAMINASI LOGAM-BERAT DALAM TANAH LAPISAN ATAS DI SEKITAR PABRIK SEMEN DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Afdal Afdal
Published: May 2018

Sampel tanah lapisan atas diambil di sepanjang jalan disekitar suatu pabrik semen di kota Padang pada 28 titik yang terbagi atas 3 lintasan. Untuk setiap titik, sampel tanah diambil pada kedalaman 10 cm sebanyak 100 g. Pengukuran nilai suseptibilitas magnet menggunakan Bartington MS2B Magnetic Susceptibility Meter. Konsentrasi enam jenis logam-berat yaitu Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Al, dan Cr ditentukan dengan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa: nilai rata-rata suseptibilitas magnetik sampel adalah 1.196,5x 10-5 m3kg-1 dengan rentang nilai mulai dari 429,5x10-5 m3kg-1 sampai 3.560,0x10-5 m3kg-1 ; kadar semua jenis logam berat dalam tanah lapisan atas di area penelitian ini relatif tinggi (rata-rata > 35,7 ppm); kadar logam berat yang ada dalam tanah lapisan atas di area penelitian ini didominasi oleh logam Al; secara umum urutan konsentrasi logam berat dari yang paling besar sampai yang paling kecil hampir sama di seluruh area yaitu Al, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb; dan tidak teramati pengaruh jarak dari pabrik semen terhadap nilai suseptibilitas maupun konsentrasi setiap jenis logam berat.
Rancang-Bangun Sistem Kontrol Solution Shaker Berbasis Mikrokontroler AT89S51 dengan Motor Stepper Sebagai Penggerak
Authors: Khairani Ridha , Taufiq Imam , - Wildian
Published: May 2018

Telah dihasilkan sebuah sistem kontrol solution shaker berbasis mikrokontroler AT89S51 dengan motor stepper sebagai penggerak. Sistem kontrol solution shaker ini dirancang untuk memudahkan pekerjaan di laboratorium terutama di laboratorium Elektronika dan Instrumentasi dalam hal melarutkan PCB. Motor stepper yang digunakan adalah motor stepper tipe TEAC 14769070-30 dengan menggunakan IC ULN2003 sebagai rangkaian penggeraknya. Sistem ini dikontrol dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler AT89S51. Arah putaran motor dan variasi kecepatan putar motor diatur dalam program yang ditulis dalam bahasa C. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap sistem kontrol solution shaker ini antara lain menghitung kecepatan linier pada saat alat bergerak tanpa beban. Hasil kecepatan linier maksimum solution shaker tanpa beban adalah (12,300 Â± 0,014)cm/sÂ  pada waktu tunda 80 ms. Sedangkan kecepatan linier minimum tanpa beban adalah (3,740 Â± 0,002) cm/s pada waktu tunda 280 ms. Pada saat solution shaker diberi beban sebesar 50 g, maka gup kecepatan linier maksimum yang dihasilkan adalah (12,020 Â± 0,014) cm/ s pada waktu tunda 80 ms. Sebaliknya untuk kecepatan linier minimum yang dihasilkan adalah (3,010Â± 0,002)cm/s pada waktu tunda 280 ms. Setelah dilakukan pengujian terhadap variasi beban,alat ini hanya sanggup bergerak untuk beban sebesar 400 g. Hasil pengukuran kecepatan linier maksimum untuk beban 400 g ini adalah (1,634 Â± 0,001)cm/s.
Kelayakan Teknologi Electronic Nose untuk Mendeteksi Urin yang Mengandung Metadon dengan Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Firmawati Nini , Triyana Kuwat
Published: May 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji kelayakan teknologi electronic nose pada sampel urin yang mengandung metadon dengan urin yang tidak mengandung metadon dan air murni sebagai referensi. Sistem pengenalan pola yang digunakan adalah Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan itu diperoleh bahwa hasil plot PCA menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan sampel yang sejenis mengelompok sesuai jenisnya.Â  Kemampuan PCA dalam mengelompokkan data dari hasil luaran sensor gas tersebut menunjukkan bahwa electronic nose yang digunakan memiliki performa repeatibility yang baik dan layak digunakan sebagai alat pendeteksi urin yang mengandung metadon.
Studi Eksperimen Karakteristik Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger Dengan Variasi Jenis Baffle Dan Jarak Antar Baffle
Authors: Ariwibowo Teguh Hady , Permatasari Prima Dewi , Ardhiyangga Novan , Triyono Sugit
Published: May 2018

Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger merupakan jenis penukar kalor yang banyak digunakan di pembangkit dan pengolahan minyak. Namun, peningkatan performa penukar kalor ini perlu dilakukan dengan cermat karena alirannya yang kompleks didalam shell. Penelitian ini mengkaji peningkatan performa dalam bentuk koefisien perpindahan panas total dan efektivitas dengan melakukan variasi jenis baffle (single segmental dan triple segmental) dan baffle spacing (5 cm dan 10 cm) menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen dan numerik. Penukar kalor diuji pada laju massa 0,033; 0,066; 0,099; 0,133; dan 0,166 kg/s. Pada variasi jenis baffle, hasil eksperimen menunjukkan single segmental menghasilkan koefisien perpindahan panas total dan efektivitas yang lebih baik dari pada triple segmental dengan nilai koefisien perpindahan panas total maksimal 301 W/m2.K pada 0,166 kg/s dan efektivitas maksimal 0,5 pada 0,033 kg/s. Sedangkan, pada variasi baffle spacing, hasil eksperimen menunjukkan baffle spacing 5 cm menghasilkan koefisien perpindahan panas maksimal 651 W/m2.K saat laju massa 0,166 kg/s sedangkan baffle spacing ini hanya munjukkan performa yang lebih besar dari baffle spacing 10 cm ketika laju massa 0,133 kg/s. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan turbulensi aliran yang besar pada sisi shell mengakibatkan distribusi temperatur merata sehingga mempengaruhi koefisien perpindahan panas total. Kata Kunci : Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger , baffle spacing, jenis baffle, koefisien perpindahan panas total, efektivitas, CFD.
The performance of text similarity algorithms
Authors: Prasetya Didik Dwi , Prasetya Wibawa Aji , Hirashima Tsukasa
Published: May 2018

Text similarity measurement compares text with available references to indicate the degree of similarity between those objects. There have been many studies of text similarity and resulting in various approaches and algorithms. This paper investigates four majors text similarity measurements which include String-based, Corpus-based, Knowledge-based, and Hybrid similarities. The results of the investigation showed that the semantic similarity approach is more rational in finding substantial relationship between texts.
ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN GURU IPA DALAM MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN INKLUSIF RAMAH PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS1)
Authors: Nyoman Murniati Ngurah Ayu
Published: May 2018

Sekolah yang ramah terhadap anak merupakan sekolah di manasemua anak memiliki hak untuk belajar mengembangkan semuapotensi yang dimilikinya seoptimal mungkin di dalam lingkunganyang nyaman dan terbuka. Menjadi ?óÔé¼?ôramah?óÔé¼?Ø apabila keterlibatandan partisipasi semua pihak dalam pembelajaran tercipta secaraalami dengan baik. Sekolah bukan hanya tempat untuk anakbelajar, tapi guru pun juga ikut belajar dari keberagaman anakdidiknya. Lingkungan pembelajaran yang ramah berarti ramahkepada anak dan guru, artinya: Anak dan guru belajar bersamasebagai suatu komunitas belajar; Menempatkan anak sebagaipusat pembelajaran; Mendorong partisipasi aktif anak dalambelajar; dan Guru memiliki minat untuk memberikan layananpendidikan yang terbaik. Realita yang ada pembelajaran menjadikurang bermakna terlebih kebijakan pemerintah akhir ?óÔé¼ÔÇ£ akhir inimenyatakan bahwa pelajaran IPA termasuk pelajaran yang diujinasionalkan. Sehingga perlu dibutuhkan pembelajaran yang baikyang dapat memudahkan pemahaman siswa. Tingkat pemahamanrendah, pembelajaran kurang bermakna dan hasil belajar rendahbiasa menghiasi pembelajaran IPA. Guru perlu mengelola danmengembangkan kemampuannya dalam meningkatkanpemahaman dan ketrampilan berpikir siswa. Sebagai bentukrefleksi dan perbaikan pembelajaran dalam rangka meningkatkankebermaknaan belajar siswa, guru dapat melakukan penelitiantindakan kelas.