bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listening Comprehension: The impact of Subtitles typographical features on Game Visual Novel.
Authors: Kusumawati Eny
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to test the impact of typographical features of subtitles including size, colour and position on L2 English viewers’ retention and recall of texts in game visual novel, and also the voice effect of the visual game. Quasi experimental research played in this study with 54 students of two departments, with the same characteristics. It was played the game visual novel into both classes, and administered 45 multiple choice test and questioners in the end of the classes. Both classes went through the same procedures, but one class watched the customized subtitled of the visual game novel. The data gathered were subjected to the statistical procedure of paired sample t-test. And, the result showed that the experimental class showed the better result on their understanding of the story, but there is contrarily on their listening comprehension result, that is their vocabulary comprehension, it is found that the both subtitles did not have an effect on participants’ comprehension. This study has implications for English language teachers and material developers to benefit customized bimodal subtitles as a mnemonic tool for better comprehension, retention and recall of aural content in game visual novel via Computer Assisted Language Teaching approach.
Nuclear energy in Latin America in the face of economic and environmental challenges
Authors: Sánchez Cano Julieta Evangelina , Millan-Rivas Karla Elizabeth Segura
Published: May 2019

The use of nuclear energy has many economic, social and environmental implications due, on the one hand, to the uses to produce usable energy for industries and other sectors, and on the other hand, to the uses for war purposes. Some minor and major accidents related to waste management, mishandling of equipment and natural disasters have created lasting impacts in the areas affected and their surroundings. In Latin America, there are six nuclear reactors distributed in Mexico, Argentina and Brazil, and other smaller units that operate with nuclear energy. Argentina and Brazil have future plans to expand their operations in their nuclear plants. The implications of the goals of these nations must be considered, in a rapidly changing world in which political, economic and environmental instability increase. The challenges of climate change and the prevalent risks of other unexpected natural phenomena should be considered as potentially elevated costs to the human health and the environment if these phenomena have a negative impact over nuclear reactors.
Impacts of crop raiding by wildlife on communities in buffer zone of Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan
Authors: Wangyel Sonam , Tobgay Sonam , Dorji Kumbu , Wangdi Thinley
Published: May 2019

This study was carried out in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan to assess the consequence of crop raided by conflict species in four villages located in the buffer zone. Data were collected through semi-structured household interviews, direct observation, and key informant interviews. The majority of households interviewed (95.5%) reported the prevalence of crop depredation by wild animals. The results also indicated that crop loss was significant and more frequent near the forest edge compared to crops located distant from the forest. Porcupine was reported to be the most destructive wild animal followed by the monkey and wild pig. Wild animals caused considerable economic loss to households by raiding their crops. We propose collaboration between wildlife managers, researchers, and affected communities to come up with a sound management intervention strategy to lessen the crop raiding. For immediate and effective protection of the crops, we recommend the installation of solar and electric fencing to reduce the severity of crop raiding.
Conflict, Nutritional Status and Patterns of Young Child Feeding
Authors: Abul-Fadl Azza M.A. , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , AlYassin Samaah
Published: May 2019

Background: Malnutrition in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) impedes their development. Aim: To study patterns of complementary feeding (CF) and continued breastfeeding (CBF) on nutritional status and deaths from micronutrient deficiencies (MDs) in EMR countries. Methods: Data from ten EMR countries were compiled using UNICEF Global expanded health survey (2018). Data included EBF, CBF rates. CF core indicators included introduction of soft and semi-solid and solid food (ISSS) at 6-8 months, minimum acceptable diet (MAD), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum meal frequency (MMF). Analysis was done in relation to age, sex, residence, wealth quintiles, maternal education, anemia, stunting and wasting in children under-five of age (CU5) and deaths from MDs. Results: CBF was higher in the uneducated, poor and rural areas. MMF, MDD and MAD increased significantly by education and higher wealth quintiles and urban residence (P<0.01). Correlations were significant for stunting with CBF (r0.76), MDD (r0.96), MAD (r-0.96), wasting with CBF (r0.79), MAD (r-0.96) at P<0.01, anemia in CU5 (r0.62). MDs were significantly associated with CBF, stunting and wasting (P<0.05). Conclusions: In the poor, inadequate food diversity and suboptimal breastfeeding practices in the second year of life influence nutritional status of CU5 and cascade nutritional deficiencies.
The Use and Value Sources of Information Used By Women During Pregnancy : Scoping Review
Authors: Selvia Anisya , Ernawati Dwi
Published: May 2019

Pregnant women, especially in the age of technologically sophistication as today have a great opportunity to find information sources about pregnancy by using various media. They can get this information through websites, blogs, online discussion forums, applications and social media platforms. Pregnant women not only use information sources to obtain information but also can share information with other users on social media.The aim of scoping review is to know the use and value sources of information used by women during pregnancy. This study employed Sciendirect and pubmed to find relevant articles, using search terms “Digital Media”, “ Information”, “seeking” and “pregnancy”. The Publication dates of those articles ranged from 2012 to 2018. 1171 was found and sorted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in eleven articles that had been used in this study. Thematic analysis was used to identify key consepts. We grouped these key consepts into four emergent themes : use and value of Mobile Health, use and value of the Internet, health information search and the impact of social media as information search media in pregnancy.
SÍNODO PAN-AMAZÔNICO
Authors: Kräutler Erwin , Tavares Sinivaldo
Published: May 2019

Em dia 15 de outubro de 2017, em sua alocução ao Angelus, o Papa Francisco comunicou-nos a decisão de convocar uma Assembleia especial do Sínodo dos Bispos para a região panamazônica, a celebrar-se no Vaticano, em outubro de 2019 (...)
Electrochemical behavior of dissimilar welded joints between ASTM A615 and AISI 304 with and without buttering using Inconel 182
Authors: Ramírez Soto Juan Carlos Isidro , Pérez-Quiroz José Trinidad , Salgado-López Juan Manuel , Pérez-López Tezozomoc , Rendón-Belmonte Mariela , Álvarez-Alfaro Erick , Martínez-Madrid Miguel
Published: May 2019

In this study, the corrosion performance of dissimilar welded joints between ASTM A615 and AISI 304 stainless steel with and without buttering using Inconel 182 was evaluated. In both cases, the filler metal was ER-309L and the base metals were prepared with a 45° single bevel. One half of the specimens were welded with “buttering” using Inconel 182. The electrochemical results showed that despite welding defects, the welded specimens formed a passive layer in alkaline environments. The specimens welded with buttering exhibited the best corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Un acercamiento al convento de Santa Clara de Asís de La Habana. Estudio de su estado de conservación y propuestas de intervención
Authors: López Jennifer , Acosta Toirac Yasnay , Cazañas Marisy Caridad María
Published: May 2019

La armadura del Coro alto del Convento de Santa Clara de Asís ha sido víctima de la humedad, y del ataque de agentes bióticos y abióticos que han provocado su paulatina degradación. Para la identificación de los procesos patológicos asociados a estos agentes y por su carácter patrimonial se realizó un estudio de diagnóstico basado en una inspección organoléptica y en ensayos superficiales con el instrumental disponible, que permitieron identificar las causas. Mediante la modelación de la estructura en el programa SAP 2000 se obtuvieron las solicitaciones a las que se encuentran sometidos los elementos a intervenir y con el resultado se calcularon las soluciones propuestas para las patologías identificadas, fundamentalmente para la pérdida del vínculo entre la solera y el tirante.
Optimal Team Practice: The Way Forward
Authors: Kidd Vasco Deon , Cawley James F. , Cloutier Dagan , Tankersley Dennis
Published: May 2019

Optimal team practice (OTP) represents an amendment to an existing American Academy of PAs policy, Guidelines for State Regulation of PAs (HP-3500.3.4), that advocates for expanded access to affordable, high-quality healthcare through modernization of PA–practice laws. OTP also calls for PAs to practice without a collaborative or supervisory agreement with a specific physician, enabling practice-level decisions about collaboration. However, OTP remains poorly understood and relatively under-researched. This article analyzes OTP and its potential implications on legislative efforts, training of PAs, and practice level changes.
PERILAKU CELEBRITY WORSHIP PADA ANGGOTA FANDOM EXO DALAM KOMUNITAS EXO-L BANDUNG
Authors: Arundati Nadhifa , Vania Almira Alda , Arisanti Melisa
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKMerebaknya Hallyu di negara-negara Asia Timur dan beberapa negara Asia Tenggara termasukIndonesia telah menunjukkan adanya aliran budaya dari Korea ke negara-negara tetangganya.Dalam situasi dunia dimana pertukaran informasi terjadi hampir tanpa halangan apa pun, Koreatelah menjejakkan pengaruhnya di kawasan Asia. Sejarah K-Pop dimulai dengan munculnyaboyband maupun girlband terkemuka, antara lain EXO, TVXQ, Se7en, Lee Hyori, Shinhwa,Wonder Girls, Epic High, Super Junior, Big Bang, SS501, sampai Girls’ Generation. Daya tarikK-Pop dapat ditemukan dalam lagu, tarian, dan efek panggung yang besar, serta tempo cepat alapop Korea dicampur dengan irama Asia yang sangat menarik untuk remaja termasuk Indonesia.Saat ini, boyband yang sedang populer dan memiliki banyak penggemar atau fans adalah EXO.Sebutan fans EXO adalah EXO-L yang tercatat sebagai fandom terbesar di dunia dengan jumlahfans yang melebihi angka 3 juta orang. Perilaku fans K-pop ini mengacu pada setiap komponendari perilaku celebrity worship, dimana dalam perilaku ini terdapat beberapa faktor, aspek dantahap yang mendukung perilaku pemujaan ini muncul.Kata-kata Kunci: Hallyu, K-Pop, Boyband EXO, EXO-L, Celebrity Worship
A New Mechanistic Model to Predict Boosting Pressure of Electrical Submersible Pumps ESPs Under High-Viscosity Fluid Flow with Validations by Experimental Data
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Zhu Haiwen , Cao Guangqiang , Zhang Jiecheng , Peng Jianlin , Banjar Hattan , Zhang Hong-Quan
Published: May 2019

As the second most widely used artificial lift method in petroleum production (and first in produced amount), electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) maintain or increase flow rates by converting kinetic energy to hydraulic pressure of hydrocarbon fluids. ESPs are generally characterized under water condition and the water performance curve is provided by manufacturers. However, properties of hydrocarbon fluids are very different from water and significantly alter the pump performance. Most of existing methods to estimate ESP pump boosting pressure under viscous fluid flow involve strong empirical nature by correlating the experimental data with correction factors. A universally valid mechanistic model is not available yet. In this paper, a new mechanistic model accounting for viscosity effects of working fluids on ESP pump hydraulic heads is proposed, which is validated with a wide range database collected from different pump types.

The new model starts from Euler equations for centrifugal pump, and introduces a conceptual best-match flowrate QBM, at which the outlet flow direction of impeller matches the designed flow direction. The mismatch of velocity triangles, resulted from various liquid flow rates, is used to derive recirculation losses. Other head losses due to flow direction change, friction, and leakage flow etc. are incorporated in the new model. QBM is obtained by matching the predicted performance curve with the catalog curve with water. With the determined QBM, the ESP hydraulic head under viscous fluid flow conditions can be calculated. The model predictions of the boosting pressure among various ESPs are compared with an experimental database, which is composed of more than 170,000 data points.

The specific speeds (NS) of ESP pumps in this study are ranged from 1600 to 3448, among which one ESP pump is radial type, and the others are mixed types. As baseline, the model-predicted ESP pump water performance well matches to the catalog curves. With viscous fluid medium, the boosting pressures predicted by the model agree well with the experimental data. For most calculation results with medium to high flow rates, the overall prediction error is less than 15%. Unlike the empirical correction factors that use experimental data points as inputs, the mechanistic model proposed in this study does not require any experimental data input, it could predict ESP pump performance with an acceptable accuracy.
Successful First ESP Project Offshore Brunei – Building ESP Capability
Authors: Yasmin Yazid
Published: May 2019

Electrical Submersible pumps (ESPs) have been installed on a large scale for the first time in offshore Brunei. Despite having produced in Brunei for 80 years the company previously only had a single ESP running, and that was in an onshore field. The primary lift method in Brunei has been gas-lift, and regionally ESPs have not been widely adopted. As ESPs were relatively novel to offshore operations a steep learning curve was expected. Poor operation practices are a threat to run life, and failures are costly (especially offshore). This paper outlines the challenges faced by the project team, and the approach taken to execute this project successfully and operate ESPs smoothly from day one.

The application for these ESPs was relatively simple, with benign environments in low temperatures and shallow setting depths. The primary challenge with introducing ESPs to offshore Brunei was developing people, and building capability and hands on experience. The main approaches for this included: Building a new ESP operations team.Learning from other assets in the company portfolio (including in the Middle East and Western Siberia) via official visits, and sending staff for short term assignments.Developing long term vendor relationship including field operations support onshore and offshore.Rolling out an ESP competency plan with a clear outline on the required competency level for all personnel and how it could be achieved.Hosting more engagement sessions closer to first oil between the operations team and project team.

This paper shares: The challenges faced by the project.Details on building a competent team to successfully startup and operate ESP wells.Early results and performance of the operations team.Lessons learnt and next steps.
Interpretation of ESP Reliability using Weibull Analysis and Dynamic Run Life Analysis
Authors: Al-Jazzaf Abdulla M. , Pandit Akchaylal , Al-Maqsseed Nora
Published: May 2019

Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are the most common used artificial lift method in Kuwait. The life data analysis of an ESP is important in design, operation, and to meet the deliverability of the reservoir. Weibull Reliability combined with the Dynamic Average Equipment Run-Life (DAERL) allows to construct confidence intervals for the survival of ESP system based on equipment, design information, reservoir data, and operating performance. Statistical methodology using a combination of Weibull and DAERL is developed and applied to a data set which covers all ESP systems installed in Kuwait with over 8 years of data covering 5,000 ESP installations. Through the addition of operating history data (including the number of trips and the specific reasons of trips) into the analysis provides a more accurate reliability measure of running wells today.

The primary advantage of Weibull analysis is the ability to provide reasonably accurate failure analysis and failure forecasts with small samples. By performing linear regression, parameter estimates can be obtained that will enable to interpret the survival of an ESP system based on equipment, reservoir, and operating information. Weibull Analysis shows better and more accurate results than an average method of reliability in evaluating ESP system performance. The DAERL analysis looks at the overall run life of a group of wells (operating and non-operating) and the change in performance over time. Cross comparisons of equipment types (such as round cable instead of flat cable) yield results of a longer expected run life and higher reliability. The paper shows that in most cases both Weibull and DAERL show similar performance trends, but the value of the results presented for each has different applications. The effect of survivability in this study is applied on different types of ESP surface and downhole equipment, reservoir data, failure reasons, and the operating history. The results of the analysis generate recommendations that are used to improve performance of both current running ESP wells and future ESPs to be installed. One of the major priorities of the authors in this study was to use the results to better operate running wells today, by measuring the average days between shutdowns combined with Weibull reliability, an analysis tool is built to higlight specific wells that are at risk of failure.
Downhole Gas Separation in a High-GLR CO2 Application
Authors: Nicholson B. L. , Tyler C. , Yicon C. , Sikes M. A. , El Mahbes R.
Published: May 2019

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are severely affected by free gas entering into the pump, which can cause significant degradation in pump performance. Gas locking (i.e., a gas bubble blocking the fluid from passing through the impeller) results in frequent shutdowns and restarts, thereby increasing the risk of premature failure. The result is unstable production due to ESP shutdowns caused by underload or high motor temperature. Historically, the industry has used shrouds, reverse flow gas separators, dynamic gas separators, and more recently, multiphase pumps to handle the gas. Such multiphase gas handling technology adds cost and requires additional power.

Recently Oxy Permian EOR installed a multiphase encapsulated production solution to separate the gas from the liquid in the wellbore. As produced fluids pass the pump at high velocity, the heavier liquid falls back into the shroud in a low-velocity area between the tubing and the top of the shroud, allowing the gas to continue to the surface. This system has proven to separate the gas from the liquid effectively, stabilizing operations within a certain operating window. In this paper, we share field examples showing the results achieved and how uptime improved over the last year. Twenty-four (24) systems have been installed in the Permian Basin with a 99% reduction in the number of shutdowns. All have had improved operational performance, with an average 30% improvement in drawdown and a 16% increase in total fluid production.

These particular fields are constantly being injected with CO2, which presents even more challenging conditions for ESPs than merely solution gas. As the CO2 enters the wellbore, the liquid stream composition changes, as does the gas/liquid ratio (GLR), making it difficult to draw down and function consistently over time. Many different systems have been tried with varying degrees of success. This system has proved to be successful in attaining our objectives of higher drawdown, stable operations, and fewer failures.
Reality vs. Expectations for ESP Reliability Analysis
Authors: Dowling Michael
Published: May 2019

If you're reading this, then it's likely that your first reaction to the paper's title was something along the lines of ‘oh no, not another paper on reliability’. Believe me, I totally understand: ESP reliability – something that is fundamentally important to both ESP suppliers and end users – often gets treated in technical papers with unnecessarily complex and arcane mathematics. Fundamentally, however, it can be and should be kept reasonable so that everyone can discuss it using the same concepts and terms.

This paper, therefore, will not try to create complicated new metrics. It will use existing runlife analysis techniques to analyze Perenco's entire ESP history and to highlight how different measures can be used in different ways. At each step, the paper will compare the results of the various measures to expectations in order to gain some real evidence-based insight into ESP reliability, which is often surprising. Next, the paper will create logical conclusions based on this evidence that potentially apply to general ESP reliability behavior. And finally, based on those conclusions, the paper will address the implications on how to manage ESP's.

Before getting started, it's important to emphasize a couple points about reliability analysis. The first point is that there is no single evaluation that will tell you everything you want to know about reliability. There are many different analyses possible because there are many different questions to address on reliability, such as: ‘which ESP's are at risk?’ ‘are we improving?’, ‘did this change make a difference?’, or ‘how many ESP failures should I plan for?’ The second point is that, because of this inherent diversity in analysis, and despite my feeling that the subject can be kept at a level most people can understand, there will always be a certain level of complexity to statistical evaluation. It takes time to explain and understand, and this can be difficult to condense into a 5-minute ‘elementary school level’ presentation, as is often requested.
Design and Qualification Testing of ESP Cable to Improve ESP System Run Life
Authors: Harris Dennis , Banman Mark , Malone David
Published: May 2019

The petroleum industry has made significant changes and improvements to extend the run life and the operating envelope of ESP systems. Design improvements have dominantly focused on motors, seals, and pumps through improved material selection, bearings, etc.; changes accepted and deployed by operators without consideration of technology which can be applied to cable design and packaging. The ESP power delivery system (downhole cables and associated components) have remained largely unchanged for nearly 90 years.

The ESP cable system is responsible for greater than 20% of ESP failures, with a large portion occurring early in the system life (<2 years). In the last 10 years, offshore cable system failures have risen to more than 30% due to installation in harsher operating conditions.

In 2015, two major operators and a rigless ESP provider launched an extensive R&D program to develop a "life-of-well ESP" cable system to complement Wireline Retrievable ESP (WRESP) systems planned for deployment in West Africa and the Middle East. The logic was simple – if a life-of-well cable system could be developed, this could be used with a WRESP to provide rigless ESP operation throughout the life of a well, greatly reducing intervention costs while maximizing production. Once developed, it became apparent that the same technology could also be used in conventional ESP deployments to eliminate cable system failures while reducing the lost rig time and HSE risk associated with traditional ESP cable installations.

The proposed ESP cable system is essentially a repackaging of existing, proven components that have been adapted and qualified to the high voltage and high current requirements of an ESP. This new topology was rigorously tested to industry standards by a joint committee of operators under laboratory and field conditions to confirm the thermal, mechanical, and electrical performance of the system. An installation test was performed in an onshore well to validate reliability of the cable system, packer/wellhead penetrations and downhole splices.

Qualification testing has proven that a "life-of-well" ESP cable system is achievable. Discussion with other operators indicates the system to be scalable to both onshore and offshore applications for improved reliability at a minimal additional cost.
Starting Up the Most Powerful ESP Installed into Deepwater Offshore Wells Completed with Open Hole Gravel Packing: A Real Challenge
Authors: Pedroso Carlos Alberto , Cavalcante Barbara , Marsili Marcelo , Santos Marcelo , Rocha Paulo S.
Published: May 2019

Atlanta Field, offshore Brazil, is probably the most challenging deep-water heavy oil field in the world.

Great challenges have been overcome to build and test the first two wells in this field which have already been detailed elsewhere (Papers OTC 25813, SPE 174893, SPE 174896, SPE 174897, SPE 173946). The refurbishment of the FPSO Petrojarl I, to enable it to process the high viscous oil will be described elsewhere. Finally, the last frontier to prove the technical and economic viability of Atlanta Project is the so called "First Oil" and the ESP operation.

In normal conditions starting an offshore well when equipped with an ESP (Electrical Submersible Pump) is not a trivial task. Furthermore, Atlanta's wells lower completion is composed of Open Hole Horizontal Gravel Packs, due to the completely unconsolidated reservoir. To produce the viscous oil to the FPSO, the most powerful ESPs in the world, with 1,550 HP induction motors, were installed into the wells. Because of the low temperature on the seabed (around four degrees Celsius) in the event of any (expected or unexpected) plant or pump shutdowns, the viscosity of the cold oil could increase to up 100.000 cP in a few hours, despite the flowline insulation. Finally, managing the treatment plant start up procedure is a very complex task.

All these conditions combined made the Atlanta Field Start Up a real challenge. A very restrictive procedure to increase the production drawdown, the production rates, the ESP demand and the plant processing capacities were successfully implemented.

These extremely harsh conditions and the effective procedures to cope with them are thoroughly discussed in this paper.
ESP Downhole Power Quality - Do We have a Healthy Cardiovascular System?
Authors: Williams A. J. , Shipp David
Published: May 2019

Electricity is the lifeblood of the Electric Submersible Pump (ESP), the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is the heart that keeps it going, the power cable is the artery that provides the blood and the motor is the equivalent of the body that moves. As Doctors, if we looked at our system "would we pass our annual physical exam"? Surprisingly, there is no specification in our industry for the ‘blood’ or electricity we provide to our ESPs, a shocking (pun intended) omission when most operators desire increased ESP runlife. This paper will identify the key aspects (what and why) of healthy power going downhole and put forward a proposed specification.

In the 2017 ESP Symposium a breakout session was run that looked at downhole power quality (PQ) and posed the question "Is our operating environment worse than other industries and do we apply the best practices from other industries?". The short answer was that our operating environment is extremely challenging and that we have not adopted the learnings that other industries have applied. As part of the breakout, these key learnings were presented. There was overwhelming agreement in the room that a downhole PQ specification is required. Volunteers were solicited to work on a committee to put together such a specification.

This paper will illustrate the best practices from other industries and put forward the rationale and a practical methodology for applying PQ best practices to ESPs. The key aspects of PQ will be presented in layman's terms so that this work can be easily understood by petroleum engineers using ESPs.

Many of the PQ improvements can be implemented retroactively at surface and can provide benefit to existing ESPs as well as provide a basis for technical requirements as part of the surface and downhole specification for new wells. The consequences of poor power quality are ESP component failures (penetrator, cable, splice, MLE / pothead, motor end turn, motor bearing, sensor, shafts) and short runlives. This paper will put the information and practices in the hands of the operator to act to improve ESP runlife.
Need a Lift? A Rotary Gear Pump, an ESP System Without the ESP Pump
Authors: Chachula Ryan , Serafinchan Dale , Dietz Jerry
Published: May 2019

Electric submersible pump (ESP) systems have over many decades proven themselves as a reliable Industry leading lift system. However, there are limitations to the ESP lift system particularly with reliability and performance in high volume deep unconventional wells with steep decline curves and high amounts of free gas which present multiple challenges that require reliable solutions to enhance the performance and run life of the ESP system and increase overall production. This paper presents the "new innovative next thing" in artificial lift. A robust high volume, low speed positive displacement rotary gear pump (RGP) that has the ability to operate reliably throughout ranges untouched with centrifugal pumps, delivers optimal production and does so in a cost-effective manner in comparison to a conventional ESP system.

The main challenge for long economical production is high decline rate – typically production rates drop 50-80% of initial rates after the first year. The primary reasons for such reservoir behavior: transient inflow effect, no pressure maintained and fracture deterioration. Producing a wide and flexible range of production rates with high efficiency is a significant challenge to artificial lift selection.

With the Industry trending to reduce costs by drilling reduced ID horizontal wellbores with long lateral lengths, this poses a challenge particularly in integrating a life-time one artificial lift system design to capture both the high and low ends of the decline curves that can be handled by ESP systems particularly in confined wellbore architectures. This coupled with operational issues such as pump cavitation or gas locking, high motor operating temperatures, and abrasion/erosional issues due to excessive gas slugging and solids production led to the development of an innovative positive displacement pump.

This paper describes the steps undertaken in designing, testing, and planning a pilot for a prototype rotary gear pump which replaces the centrifugal pump component of an ESP system while addressing all of the functional requirements for successful field implementation.
World's First Mass Implementation of Ultra-High-Speed ESP Systems in Salym Group of Fields, Western Siberia, Russia
Authors: Shakirov Anton , Alexeev Yaroslav , Gorlov Alexander
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the results of a three-year project at Salym Petroleum Development (50:50 joint venture between Shell and GazPromNeft), aimed at mass field implementation of innovative Ultra-High-Speed (UHS) ESP Systems, with over 200 installs having been done. The project was targeted to produce oil and gas safely and efficiently and to reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).

Based on the previous study [1], the key elements, identified to evaluate the technology performance include: equipment, services and operating costs, reliability, production and HSE optimization. Continuous analysis made during the project incorporated a few phases, with each phase followed by a detailed technical and economical assessment. Monitoring, analysis, and optimization methodologies are detailed in several case histories demonstrating principal outcomes of the technology implementation and pointing out its advantages vs counterparts in use as well as limitations and recommendations.

The results of the study proved high potential of Ultra-High-Speed ESP Systems to optimize production and to provide operational benefits under a range of production and well-fluid conditions.

Close study of project results revealed significant savings in power consumption by 40 % at an average, improved runlife in challenging operating conditions (20% increase over other ESP suppliers), and field operating efficiency, with installation time being reduced by 60 %.

The successful results have been achieved through the use of Ultra-High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor operating in a speed range from 1,000 to 12,000 rpm. Wide speed control facilitates operational adaptation in changing conditions. Due to its high nameplate frequency (10,000 rpm) the system has shorter length allowing for flexible setting depth selection. Innovative design along with precise manufacturing techniques made the system tolerant to harsh environment, including solids, corrosive and gassy fluids.

As a result, UHS ESP Technology allowed for reducing TCO and improving business results in a safe and efficient manner.

The UHS ESP systems studied in this paper represent an innovative technology targeted to provide capital and operational savings. Project findings helped determine a target application range of the technology. The conclusions of this paper are intended to develop guidance for selection of an artificial lift technology in challenging operating conditions.
Use of New Design Tool Improves ESP Design Across the Life of Well in Unconventional Applications
Authors: Williams A. J.
Published: May 2019

Sizing electric submersible pumps (ESPs) for unconventional wells presents new challenges compared to traditional applications, typically conventional, vertical wells. These challenges are due to the highly dynamic, rapidly changing nature of unconventional wells compared to conventional wells. Traditional ESP sizing software is not structured to design for dynamic conditions, but rather a single point in time. The objective is to design an ESP tool fit for unconventional design applications.

Because of the rapidly changing conditions of unconventional wells, it is difficult to balance the lifetime sizing needs of the equipment with needs of the equipment during peak demand. Changing flow rates, water cuts, pump intake pressure (PIP), and gas oil ratio (GOR) have a great effect on stage size, total dynamic head (TDH), and motor horsepower (HP) requirements at different points over time. The new design tool will allow the user to upload a well type curve and help chose a pump and motor combination by calculating different TDH and motor horsepower requirements for each day over the life of the well.

Optimized ESP sizing will allow oil and gas operators to install one initial ESP at the completion of the well which lasts until production rates have declined to the conversion point of a lower rate form of artificial lift. This has significant cost savings implications both for capital and operational budgets, by avoiding overspending on oversized equipment upon the initial install of the wells, and greatly reduced the work of the operations team by eliminating workovers needed to downsize equipment. The use of this design tool allows much more rigorous reviews of vendor designs, to avoid over sizing equipment while still capturing high initial production rates during the early production life of the well.

ESPs designed using the new design tool will be compared to historical ESP designs provided by the vendors on analogous wells. Production numbers, run life, and historical ESP data streams will be compared between wells designed using the old methodology vs the new design tool.
Haynesville Shale: Predicting Long-Term Production and Residual Analysis To Identify Well Interference and Fracture Hits
Authors: Gupta Ishank , Rai Chandra , Devegowda Deepak , Sondergeld Carl
Published: May 2019

In this study we analyze the production data from 2,755 horizontal wells in the Haynesville Shale. Correlations were generated to predict 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-year cumulative production from initial, 6-, 12-, and 24-month production data. These correlations can help in field-development planning and economic analysis. The residuals (Predicted – Actual Cumulative Production) from these correlations were also analyzed, and this technique can be used to identify wells affected by interference, refracturing, fracture hits, and other factors.

The cumulative-production estimates from the developed correlations were also compared with the corresponding estimates from the decline-curve-analysis (DCA) equations (seven different DCA methods were used). The accuracy of prediction made on the basis of correlations developed in this study is close to that for various standard DCA methods published and used in the industry. The developed correlations are faster to use and easier to implement for a large number of wells.

Another of our objectives was to develop P10, P50, and P90 type curves for the Haynesville Shale using the available production data. A subset of the total wells (i.e., 150 wells evenly distributed throughout the study area) was used for predicting type curves. These type curves were generated and compared using different DCA models. The different DCA methods predicted an uncertainty of 5 to 27% for the P10, P50, and P90 production profiles.
Solving the iron quantification problem in low-kV EPMA: An essential step toward improved analytical spatial resolution in electron probe microanalysis—Olivines
Authors: Moy Aurélien , Fournelle John H. , von der Handt Anette
Published: May 2019

The relatively recent entry of field emission electron microprobes into the field of microanalysis provides another tool for the study of small features of interest (e.g., mineral and melt inclusions, ex-solution lamellae, grain boundary phases, high-pressure experimental charges). However, the critical limitation for accurate quantitative analysis of these submicrometer- to micrometer-sized features is the relationship between electron beam potential and electron scattering within the sample. To achieve submicrometer analytical volumes from which X-rays are generated, the beam accelerating voltage must be reduced from 15–20 to ≤10 kV (often 5 to 7 kV) to reduce the electron interaction volume from ~3 to ~0.5 μm in common geological materials. At these low voltages, critical Kα X-ray lines of transition elements such as Fe are no longer generated, so L X-ray lines must be used. However, applying the necessary matrix corrections to these L lines is complicated by bonding and chemical peak shifts for soft X-ray transitions such as those producing the FeLα X-ray line. It is therefore extremely challenging to produce accurate values for Fe concentration with this approach. Two solutions have been suggested, both with limitations. We introduce here a new, simple, and accurate solution to this problem, using the common mineral olivine as an example. We also introduce, for the first time, olivine results from a new analytical device, the Extended Range Soft X-ray Emission Spectrometer.
Five-dimensional SCFTs and gauge theory phases: an M-theory/type IIA perspective
Authors: Closset Cyril , Del Zotto Michele , Saxena Vivek
Published: May 2019

We revisit the correspondence between Calabi-Yau (CY) threefold
isolated singularities \mathbf{X}𝐗
and five-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs), which arise
at low energy in M-theory on the space-time transverse to
\mathbf{X}𝐗.
Focussing on the case of toric CY singularities, we analyze the
“gauge-theory phases” of the SCFT by exploiting fiberwise M-theory/type
IIA duality. In this setup, the low-energy gauge group simply arises on
stacks of coincident D6-branes wrapping 2-cycles in some ALE space of
type A_{M-1}AM−1
fibered over a real line, and the map between the Kähler parameters of
\mathbf{X}𝐗
and the Coulomb branch parameters of the field theory (masses and VEVs)
can be read off systematically. Different type IIA “reductions” give
rise to different gauge theory phases, whose existence depends on the
particular (partial) resolutions of the isolated singularity
\mathbf{X}𝐗.
We also comment on the case of non-isolated toric singularities.
Incidentally, we propose a slightly modified expression for the
Coulomb-branch prepotential of 5d \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
gauge theories.
Algerian Housing Policies
Authors: Djafri Riadh , Mohamed Osman Mariana , Rabe Noor Suzilawati , Shuid Syafiee
Published: May 2019

Despite being one of the richest countries in Africa, Algeriaâ€™s affordable housing is still out of reach for low and even middle-income Algerians. Nowadays, Algeria is still suffering from housing shortage in terms of quality, affordability and number of units. The paper describes the Algerian Housing Policies using qualitative method of semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that new mechanisms need to be injected and the housing agencies structure need to adopt an effective local, regional and national policies to promote the housing sector in terms of its quality and adequacy to the Algerian society which certainly will improve the overall Algerian quality of life.
For a general theoretical unified axiomatic reduction of the natural spaces
Authors: Souto Cláudio
Published: May 2019

This study introduces a unified theory of utmost amplitude. Its development rests on the factual presupposition that the physical, mental and social spaces (fields) are inseparable and are only separable by abstraction. This assumption facilitates the formulation of this apparently without precedent unified theory of spaces. Five postulates (or axioms) are induced from reality and 23 theorems are deduced from the postulates. All propositions must be confirmed or may be confirmed by empirical research. Importantly, there is a maximum of complexity in the mental and social spaces, above all in the social space, which is a derivation from the mental one. The presented theory is deterministic and, as such, does not abandon the terrain of probability, at the utmost is only highly probable.
The Relationship Between Pregnant Women’s Perceptions Of Family Support And The Motivation For HIV/AIDS Examination In Gedong Tengen Public Health Center. Yogyakarta City
Authors: I.H. Lende Maria Wiwin , Nugroho Setyo Mahanani , Wantini Nonik Ayu
Published: May 2019

In 2016 the number of pregnant woman who required the prevention of transmission trough sexual reached 278 pregnant women. Efforts that have been made by government to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS are HIV/AIDS comprehensive service which are sustainable that cover all froms of services for HIV and sexual transmitted infections. In 2015, the lowest coverage of HIV/AIDS  examination in Yogyakarta City was at Gedong Tengen Public Health  Center, which was 3,7%. In addition to medical efforts, pregnant women need psychological and social support from people around the family and surronding environment, and motivation to have HIV/AIDS examinations. The purpose of study is to find out the relationship between pregnant women’s perceptions of family support and the motivation for the HIV/AIDS examination in Gedong Tengen Public Health Center, Yogyakarta City. The study used the analytical descriptive method with the cross-sectional design. The research population comprised 48 pregnant women and the sampel consisted of 43 pregnant women. The sampling thecnique was accidental sampling technique. The data analysis in the study used Kendall tau. The results of the data analysis showed thats most of the pregnat women were 20-35 years old (86%), had secondary education (60.5%), unemployed (74.4%), and were multiparae (62.8%). Perceptions of family support were negative (58.1%), and their motivation for the HIV/AIDS examination was moderate (72.1%). The result of the analysis using Kendall tau test showed p-value = 0.001 and z table = 4.35. There is relationship between pregnant women’s perceptions of family support and the motivation for the HIV/AIDS examination in Gedong Tengen Public Health  Center, Yogyakarta City.

 
Keywords: Perceptions; motivation; HIV/AIDS
Effect Of Sleep Hygiene And Deep Breathing Exercise With Spiritual Care On Sleep Quality And Quality Of Life Of Hemodialysis Patient In Ahmad Yani Islamic Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Hasina Siti Nur , Sukartini Tintin , Setiyowati Eppy
Published: May 2019

Hemodialysis patients experienced sleep disturbance problems that directly affect sleep quality and quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Quality of life is an important part of hemodialysis patients that need attention. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of sleep hygiene and deep breathing exercise with spiritual care on sleep quality and quality of life of hemodialysis patients. The research design used a quasy experiment with the pretest posttest approach with control group. Population in this study were all of hemodialysis patients . Sample of this study were 38 respondents divided into 19 respondents for intervention group and 19 respondents for control group. Sleep hygiene intervention and deep breathing exercise with spiritual care were applied every day for 30 days 30 minutes before going to sleep in the intervention group and in the control group only ran routine or habit before going to bed. Instrument used a PSQI questionnaire (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and KDQOL SFTM 1.3 (Kidney Disease Quality of Life). Data analysis used MANOVA test with significance value α = 0.05. The results of this study indicated that p value 0,000 with the effect of R squared 72.7% on sleep quality and 66.4% on quality of life, which means that sleep hygiene and deep breathing exercise with spiritual care were significantly influence sleep quality and quality of life on hemodialysis patient in Ahmad Yani Islamic Hospital Surabaya. The application of sleep hygiene and deep breathing exercise with spiritual care had a strong influence on the quality of sleep and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Nurses are expected to be able to implement sleep hygiene interventions and deep breathing exercises with spiritual care to enhance sleep quality and quality of life for hemodialysis patients.

 

Keyword        : Hemodialysis, Sleep Quality, Quality of Life, Sleep Hygiene, Deep Breathing Exercise, Spiritual care