bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfleet and Intrafleet Models for Crew Recovery Problems
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhang Xinhui , Chen Xin , Chen Xindu
Published: August 2013

This paper investigates the intrafleet and interfleet models for the solution of crew recovery problems during irregular airline operations. The intrafleet model groups crew members together and assigns them to flights in the same fleet. The interfleet model splits crew groups and reassigns them to flights across different fleets. Both models belong to the set covering problems with side constraints; however, the former is a 0–1 set covering problem whereas the latter is a general set covering problem. The models exhibit different computational characteristics. Various solution approaches are discussed, and a simulated annealing algorithm is developed for models that are difficult to solve. Computational results using data from a major airline show that the algorithm is able to provide effective and efficient solutions. These results also show that the intrafleet model, though widely used by airlines in practice, limits the solution space and can lead to inferior solutions. The interfleet model offers better recovery solutions for airlines under irregular operations.
Forecast of Airport Ground Access Mode Choice with the Incremental Logit Model
Authors: Ameen Nayeem , Kamga Camille
Published: August 2013

As factors affecting airport passengers' and other travelers' transportation choices constantly change, the probability of choosing a particular mode also changes. For example, an increase in highway congestion would tend to shift auto travelers to public transport, or an increase in transit fare would make auto traveling more attractive. Although current modal share of airport ground access can be easily determined from passenger's revealed preference surveys, any forecast on mode choice is difficult because characteristics of individual travelers vary. This paper attempts to forecast airport ground access and egress trips at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) with the incremental logit or pivot point model. The model is developed by using modal share data from a revealed preference survey conducted by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which operates JFK. The resulting model predicts how changes in highway travel time due to traffic congestion, increases in transit fare to the airport, and changes in waiting and transfer time in the AirTrain system may affect the mode choice of air passengers and employees traveling to and from the airport.
Intracranial pressure monitoring in severe head injury: compliance with Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines and effect on outcomes: a prospective study
Authors: Talving Peep , Karamanos Efstathios , Teixeira Pedro G. , Skiada Dimitra , Lam Lydia , Belzberg Howard , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: August 2013

Object

The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) has established guidelines for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study assessed compliance with these guidelines and the effect on outcomes.

Methods

This is a prospective, observational study including patients with severe blunt TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8, head Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3) between January 2010 and December 2011. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory profile, head CT scans, injury severity indices, and interventions were collected. The study population was stratified into 2 study groups: ICP monitoring and no ICP monitoring. Primary outcomes included compliance with BTF guidelines, overall in-hospital mortality, and mortality due to brain herniation. Secondary outcomes were ICU and hospital lengths of stay. Multiple regression analyses were deployed to determine the effect of ICP monitoring on outcomes.

Results

A total of 216 patients met the BTF guideline criteria for ICP monitoring. Compliance with BTF guidelines was 46.8% (101 patients). Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and those who underwent craniectomy/craniotomy were significantly more likely to undergo ICP monitoring. Hypotension, coagulopathy, and increasing age were negatively associated with the placement of ICP monitoring devices. The overall in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients who did not undergo ICP monitoring (53.9% vs 32.7%, adjusted p = 0.019). Similarly, mortality due to brain herniation was significantly higher for the group not undergoing ICP monitoring (21.7% vs 12.9%, adjusted p = 0.046). The ICU and hospital lengths of stay were significantly longer in patients subjected to ICP monitoring.

Conclusions

Compliance with BTF ICP monitoring guidelines in our study sample was 46.8%. Patients managed according to the BTF ICP guidelines experienced significantly improved survival.
Factors predicting postoperative hyponatremia and efficacy of hyponatremia management strategies after more than 1000 pituitary operations
Authors: Jahangiri Arman , Wagner Jeffrey , Tran Mai T. , Miller Liane M. , Tom Maxwell W. , Kunwar Sandeep , Blevins Lewis , Aghi Manish K.
Published: August 2013

Object

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion–induced hyponatremia is a common morbidity after pituitary surgery that can be profoundly symptomatic and cause costly readmissions. The authors calculated the frequency of postoperative hyponatremia after 1045 consecutive operations and determined the efficacy of interventions correcting hyponatremia.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective review of 1045 consecutive pituitary surgeries in the first 946 patients treated since forming a dedicated pituitary center 5 years ago. Patients underwent preoperative and daily inpatient sodium checks, with outpatient checks as needed.

Results

Thirty-two patients presented with hyponatremia; 41% of these patients were symptomatic. Postoperative hyponatremia occurred after 165 operations (16%) a mean of 4 days after surgery (range 0–28 days); 19% of operations leading to postoperative hyponatremia were associated with postoperative symptoms (38% involved dizziness and 29% involved nausea/vomiting) and 15% involved readmission for a mean of 5 days (range 1–20 days). In a multivariate analysis including lesion size, age, sex, number of prior pituitary surgeries, surgical approach, pathology, lesion location, and preoperative hypopituitarism, only preoperative hypopituitarism predicted postoperative hyponatremia (p = 0.006). Of patients with preoperative hyponatremia, 59% underwent medical correction preoperatively and 56% had persistent postoperative hyponatremia. The mean correction rates were 0.4 mEq/L/hr (no treatment; n = 112), 0.5 mEq/L/hr (free water restriction; n = 24), 0.7 mEq/L/hr (salt tablets; n = 14), 0.3 mEq/L/hr (3% saline; n = 20), 0.7 mEq/L/hr (intravenous vasopressin receptor antagonist Vaprisol; n = 22), and 1.2 mEq/L/hr (oral vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan; n = 9) (p = 0.002, ANOVA). While some patients received more than 1 treatment, correction rates were only recorded when a treatment was given alone.

Conclusions

After 1045 pituitary operations, postoperative hyponatremia was associated exclusively with preoperative hypopituitarism and was most efficiently managed with oral tolvaptan, with several interventions insignificantly different from no treatment. Promptly identifying hyponatremia in high-risk patients and management with agents like tolvaptan can improve safety and decrease readmission. For readmitted patients with severely symptomatic hyponatremia, the intravenous vasopressin receptor antagonist Vaprisol is another treatment option.
Entropy Measures of Street-Network Dispersion: Analysis of Coastal Cities in Brazil and Britain
Authors: Mohajeri Nahid , French Jon , Gudmundsson Agust
Published: August 2013

Geographical location and landforms of various types have strong effects on the developments of many cities and associated street networks. This study presents new results of landform effects, in particular the geometry of shorelines, on the grid street networks (a total of 10,442 streets) of three Brazilian coastal cities. The results are compared with the street networks of three coastal cities in Britain (a total of 22,002 streets) that have evolved through a more natural “bottom-up” process. Gibbs/Shannon entropy (a measure of dispersion) generally has a positive linear correlation with length ranges and the average lengths of the street, and for the power-law tails in particular. The geometry of the adjacent shorelines has great effect on the spatial orientation of streets in the Brazilian cities but less so for the networks of the British cities. More specifically, the more curved the shoreline, the greater is the dispersion in the street orientation and the greater the associated entropy. The results also show that the length-entropies of the outer parts of the Brazilian cities are generally lower than those of the inner parts, whereas the entropies of outer parts of the British cities are higher than those of the inner parts, indicating dispersion during street-network growth in the British cities.
Statistical Mechanical Treatments of Protein Amyloid Formation
Authors: Schreck John , Yuan Jian-Min
Published: August 2013

Protein aggregation is an important field of investigation because it is closely related to the problem of neurodegenerative diseases, to the development of biomaterials, and to the growth of cellular structures such as cyto-skeleton. Self-aggregation of protein amyloids, for example, is a complicated process involving many species and levels of structures. This complexity, however, can be dealt with using statistical mechanical tools, such as free energies, partition functions, and transfer matrices. In this article, we review general strategies for studying protein aggregation using statistical mechanical approaches and show that canonical and grand canonical ensembles can be used in such approaches. The grand canonical approach is particularly convenient since competing pathways of assembly and dis-assembly can be considered simultaneously. Another advantage of using statistical mechanics is that numerically exact solutions can be obtained for all of the thermodynamic properties of fibrils, such as the amount of fibrils formed, as a function of initial protein concentration. Furthermore, statistical mechanics models can be used to fit experimental data when they are available for comparison.
Does HIV Infection Promote Early Kidney Injury in Women?
Authors: Jotwani Vasantha , Scherzer Rebecca , Abraham Alison , Estrella Michelle M , Bennett Michael , Devarajan Prasad , Anastos Kathryn , Cohen Mardge H , Nowicki Marek , Sharma Anjali , Young Mary , Tien Phyllis C , Grunfeld Carl , Parikh Chirag R , Shlipak Michael G
Published: August 2013

Background

In HIV-infected women, urine concentrations of novel tubulointerstitial injury markers, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1), are associated with kidney function decline and all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that HIV-infected individuals with preserved kidney filtration function would have more extensive kidney injury, as determined by urine injury markers, compared to the uninfected controls, and that risk factors for tubulointerstitial injury would differ from risk factors for albuminuria.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we compared urine concentrations of IL-18, KIM-1 and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 908 HIV-infected and 289 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, utilizing stored urine specimens from visits between 1999 and 2000.

Results

After multivariate-adjusted linear regression analysis, mean urine concentrations were higher in HIV-infected individuals by 38% for IL-18 ( P<0.0001), 12% for KIM-1 ( P=0.081) and 47% for ACR ( P<0.0001). Higher HIV RNA level (15% per 10-fold increase; P<0.0001), lower CD4+ lymphocyte count (8% per doubling; P=0.0025), HCV infection (30%; P=0.00018) and lower high-density lipoprotein (5% per 10 mg/dl; P=0.0024) were each associated with higher IL-18 concentrations. In contrast, hypertension (81%; P<0.0001) and diabetes (47%; P=0.018) were among the strongest predictors of higher ACR, though HIV RNA level (15% per 10-fold increase; P=0.0004) was also associated with higher ACR.

Conclusions

HIV-infected women had more extensive tubulointerstitial and glomerular injury than uninfected women, but the associated factors differed among the urine biomarkers. Combinations of urinary biomarkers should be investigated to further characterize early kidney injury in HIV-infected women.
Famille contemporaine et psychopathologie : à partir de l'exemple Colombien
Authors: Santacruz Oleas Hernán , Gómez Sara Ardila
Published: August 2013

Résumé Cette réflexion a pour but de faire le point sur les caractéristiques actuelles et passées de la famille colombienne. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux raisons susceptibles d’expliquer les modifications survenues et qui seraient à mettre en rapport avec les transformations démographiques et culturelles, notamment au cours du dernier quart de siècle. C’est aussi une critique contre l’obligation qu’il y aurait d’adopter, comme modèle de famille, celui de la famille occidentale. En effet, il semble clair que des modèles de famille non conventionnels sont sous-jacents aux « familles dysfonctionnelles ». Ce constat semble d’autant plus important que la famille tend à reproduire sa propre structure et qu’elle est à l’origine d’une partie importante des caractéristiques de la personnalité et de la santé mentale de ses nouveaux membres. Vraisemblablement, ce phénomène est-il aussi présent dans d’autres sociétés au passé colonial. C’est pourquoi il nous a semblé pertinent de le présenter, en décrivant ses nuances et en signalant les conflits qu’il génère.
L'adolescent dans une société violente
Authors: Rojas-Urrego Alejandro
Published: August 2013

Résumé Chute – Atterrissage – Ascension constituent à l’adolescence un processus qui comporte toujours une certaine dimension de violence. Mais cette dernière peut se pencher soit du côté du non-être, du non-sens, du détruire et de la mort, soit du côté de l’être, du sens, du créer et de la vie. L’opposition entre les forces de liaison et de déliaison du sujet joue un rôle déterminant dans un tel mouvement. Il en est de même pour la part tenue par l’entourage familial et le contexte socioculturel. Or souvent la violence est présente dans ce dernier, parfois de façon massive. Tel est le cas de la Colombie d’aujourd’hui. A partir de son « épreuve du quotidien » dans un tel pays et de son travail de clinicien avec des adolescents confrontés à la violence, l’auteur cherche à abstraire quatre modalités d’entrave au processus de subjectivation inhérent à cette période de la vie. Leur portée parvient néanmoins à transcender le seul contexte local et peut s’avérer pertinente pour d’autres situations, dans l’ailleurs. L’auteur soutient, pour terminer, quelques hypothèses sur la possibilité qui reste ouverte, malgré les circonstances, pour que les adolescents confrontés à la violence deviennent des sujets vivants et créatifs. C’est la prise de conscience de la violence et ses dangers et la lutte contre les fléaux – et non la violence - qui sont force vitale et source d’espoir. La participation de l’autre est essentielle dans une telle tâche.
Innovación, equidad y desarrollo latinoamericano
Authors: Albornoz Mario
Published: August 2013

La innovación está hoy en el centro de las políticas que los países de América Latina aplican para impulsar el desarrollo y la equidad. En este trabajo se afirma que hubo una traslación mimética de políticas e instrumentos creados en economías en las que existe una fuerte demanda de nuevos conocimientos a contextos económicos en los que tal demanda es muy escasa o nula y la sociedad tiene un amplio sector de su población con necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Se afirma que una consecuencia de ello es que fueron asimiladas a las tradicionales políticas de ciencia y tecnología fortaleciendo, paradójicamente, el viejo modelo lineal al que se denostaba. Se establece además la necesidad de revisar el concepto de innovación y sus consecuencias en el plano de la equidad. Se afirma que la dinámica de la innovación puede allanar el camino a la equidad social, pero para que ello sea posible probablemente se requieran nuevos desarrollos teóricos y marcos conceptuales.
Vindicación y elogio de la retórica deliberativa: glosas de Aristóteles
Authors: Vega Reñón Luis
Published: August 2013

Hoy estamos asistiendo a un creciente interés por la retórica argumentativa debido a su estrecha relación con el discurso público. Tienen especial relieve dos puntos a este respecto: 1, la contribución de la retórica a la revisión crítica de los programas en curso de la llamada “democracia deliberativa”; 2, la lectura de la Retórica de Aristóteles en la línea de estos propósitos críticos. Mi artículo se propone desarrollar este segundo punto a través de un examen de la concepción aristotélica de la retórica y de su vindicación de la deliberación pública.
A Microgeographic Analysis of Physical Activity Behavior within Elementary School Grounds
Authors: Anthamatten Peter , Fiene Erin , Kutchman Eve , Mainar Melanie , Brink Lois , Browning Ray , Nigg Claudio R.
Published: August 2013

Purpose.

There is little scholarship on physical activity among children within outdoor spaces and work is needed to advance the design of these spaces from “best practices” towards evidence-based design. This project examined how playground feature density relates to children's physical activity.

Design.

We used the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity to observe children's physical activity.

Setting.

We observed children during school recess on 24 school grounds in the Denver metropolitan area of Colorado, in spring of 2010 and 2011.

Subjects.

A total of 31,069 observations were made from an estimated 9900 children aged 5 to 12. These were aggregated and analyzed in 397 playground zones.

Measures.

We examined utilization, the number of children present in a particular activity zone during an observation, and the percentage of children engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity as they relate to the density of constructed features on school playgrounds.

Analysis.

Ordinary least-squares linear regression model assessed the relationship between playground feature density and the utilization and moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Results.

Significant positive associations were observed between utilization and feature density among all children (β = .20; p < .001) and a statistically significant but small association was observed between moderate to vigorous physical activity and feature density for girls (β = .12; p = .013), but not for boys.

Conclusion.

This analysis contributes to evidence that design features of play spaces may influence children's behavior within school grounds.
Quantifying global terrestrial methanol emissions using observations from the TES satellite sensor
Authors: Wells K. C. , Millet D. B. , Cady-Pereira K. E. , Shephard M. W. , Henze D. K. , Bousserez N. , Apel E. C. , de Gouw J. , Warneke C. , Singh H. B.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. We employ new global space-based measurements of atmospheric methanol from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) with the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to quantify terrestrial emissions of methanol to the atmosphere. Biogenic methanol emissions in the model are based on MEGANv2.1 emission algorithms, using MODIS leaf area and GEOS-5 assimilated meteorological fields. We first carry out a pseudo observation test to validate the overall approach, and find that the TES sampling density is sufficient to accurately quantify regional- to continental-scale methanol emissions using this method. A global inversion of two years of TES data yields an optimized annual global surface flux of 117 Tg yr−1 (including biogenic, pyrogenic, and anthropogenic sources), an increase of 56% from the a priori global flux of 75 Tg yr−1. Global terrestrial methanol emissions are thus approximately 25% those of isoprene (~540 Tg yr−1), and are comparable to the combined emissions of all anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (~100–200 Tg yr−1). Our a posteriori terrestrial methanol source leads to a strong improvement of the simulation relative to an ensemble of airborne observations, and corroborates two other recent top-down estimates (114–120 Tg yr−1) derived using in-situ and space-based measurements. The TES data imply a relatively modest revision of model emissions over most of the tropics, but a significant upward revision in midlatitudes, particularly over Europe and North America. We interpret the inversion results in terms of specific source types using the methanol:CO correlations measured by TES, and find that biogenic emissions are overestimated relative to biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions in central Africa and southeastern China, while they are underestimated in regions such as Brazil and the US. Based on our optimized emissions, methanol accounts for >25% of the photochemical source of CO and HCHO over many parts of the northern extratropics during springtime, and contributes ~6% of the global secondary source of those compounds annually.
Summertime free tropospheric ozone pool over the Eastern Mediterranean/Middle East
Authors: Zanis P. , Hadjinicolaou P. , Pozzer A. , Tyrlis E. , Dafka S. , Mihalopoulos N. , Lelieveld J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Observations show that the Mediterranean troposphere is characterized by a marked enhancement in summertime ozone with a maximum over the Eastern Mediterranean. This has been linked to enhanced ozone photochemical production and subsidence under cloud-free anticyclonic conditions. The Eastern Mediterranean region has among the highest levels of background tropospheric ozone around the globe and it can be considered as a global air pollution hotspot. A 12 yr climatological analysis (1998–2009) of free tropospheric ozone was carried out over the region based on ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) ERA-interim reanalysis data and simulations with the EMAC (ECHAM5-MESSy for Atmospheric Chemistry) atmospheric chemistry climate model. EMAC is nudged towards the ECMWF analysis data and includes a stratospheric ozone tracer. A characteristic summertime pool with high ozone concentrations is found in the middle troposphere over the Eastern Mediterranean/Middle East (EMME) by ERA-interim ozone data, which is supported by Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite ozone data and simulations with EMAC. The enhanced ozone over the EMME is a robust feature, propagating down to lower free tropospheric levels. The investigation of ozone in relation to potential vorticity and water vapour and the stratospheric ozone tracer indicates that the dominant mechanism causing the free tropospheric ozone pool is downward transport from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere associated with the enhanced subsidence and the limited outflow transport that dominates the summertime EMME circulation. The implications of these summertime high free tropospheric ozone values on the seasonal cycle of near surface ozone over the Mediterranean are discussed.
Design and characterization of a smog chamber for studying gas-phase chemical mechanisms and aerosol chemistry
Authors: Wang X. , Liu T. , Bernard F. , Ding X. , Wen S. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Z. , He Q. , Lü S. , Chen J. , Saunders S. , Yu J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. We describe here characterization of a new state-of-the-art smog chamber facility for studying atmospheric gas phase and aerosol chemistry. The chamber consists of a 30 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film reactor suspended in a temperature-controlled enclosure equipped with two banks of black lamps as the light source. Temperature can be set in the range from −10 °C to 40 °C at accuracy of ±1 °C as measured by eight temperature sensors inside the enclosure and one just inside the reactor. Matrix air can be purified with NMHCs < 0.5 ppb, NOx/O3/carbonyls < 1 ppb and particles < 1 cm
One-year, regional-scale simulation of 137Cs radioactivity in the ocean following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Tsumune D. , Tsubono T. , Aoyama M. , Uematsu M. , Misumi K. , Maeda Y. , Yoshida Y. , Hayami H.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. A series of accidents at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant following the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of 11 March 2011 resulted in the release of radioactive materials to the ocean by two major pathways: direct release from the accident site and atmospheric deposition. A 1 yr, regional-scale simulation of 137Cs activity in the ocean offshore of Fukushima was carried out, the sources of radioactivity being direct release, atmospheric deposition, and the inflow of 137Cs deposited into the ocean by atmospheric deposition outside the domain of the model. Direct releases of 137Cs were estimated for 1 yr after the accident by comparing simulated results and measured activities adjacent to the accident site. The contributions of each source were estimated by analysis of 131I/137Cs and 134Cs/137Cs activity ratios and comparisons between simulated results and measured activities of 137Cs. The estimated total amounts of directly released 131I, 137Cs, and 137Cs were 11.1 ± 2.2 PBq, 3.5 ± 0.7 PBq, and 3.6 ± 0.7 PBq, respectively. Simulated 137Cs activities attributable to direct release were in good agreement with measured 137Cs activities not only adjacent to the accident site, but also in a wide area in the model domain, therefore this implies that the estimated direct release rate was reasonable. Employment of improved nudging data by JCOPE2 improved both the offshore transport result and the reproducibility of 137Cs activities 30 km offshore. On the other hand, simulated 137Cs activities attributable to atmospheric deposition were low compared to measured activities. The rate of atmospheric deposition into the ocean was underestimated because of a lack of measurements of deposition into the ocean when atmospheric deposition rates were being estimated. Simulated 137Cs activities attributable to the inflow of 137Cs deposited into the ocean outside the domain of the model were in good agreement with measured activities in the open ocean within the model domain after June 2012. The consideration of inflow is important to simulate the 137Cs activity in this model region in the later period of the simulation. The contribution of inflow increased with time and was dominant (more than 99%) by the end of February 2012. The activity of directly released 137Cs, however, decreased exponentially with time and was detectable only in the coastal zone by the end of February 2012.
Process-based karst modelling to relate hydrodynamic and hydrochemical characteristics to system properties
Authors: Hartmann A. , Weiler M. , Wagener T. , Lange J. , Kralik M. , Humer F. , Mizyed N. , Rimmer A. , Barberá J. A. , Andreo B. , Butscher C. , Huggenberger P.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. More than 30% of Europe's land surface is made up of karst exposures. In some countries, water from karst aquifers constitutes almost half of the drinking water supply. Hydrological simulation models can predict the large-scale impact of future environmental change on hydrological variables. However, the information needed to obtain model parameters is not available everywhere and regionalisation methods have to be applied. The responsive behaviour of hydrological systems can be quantified by individual metrics, so-called system signatures. This study explores their value for distinguishing the dominant processes and properties of five different karst systems in Europe and the Middle East. By defining ten system signatures derived from hydrodynamic and hydrochemical observations, a process-based karst model is applied to the five karst systems. In a stepwise model evaluation strategy, optimum parameters and their sensitivity are identified using automatic calibration and global variance-based sensitivity analysis. System signatures and sensitive parameters serve as proxies for dominant processes, and optimised parameters are used to determine system properties. By sensitivity analysis, the set of system signatures was able to distinguish the karst systems from one another by providing separate information about dominant soil, epikarst, and fast and slow groundwater flow processes. Comparing sensitive parameters to the system signatures revealed that annual discharge can serve as a proxy for the recharge area, that the slopes of the high flow parts of the flow duration curves correlate with the fast flow storage constant, and that the dampening of the isotopic signal of the rain as well as the medium flow parts of the flow duration curves have a non-linear relation to the distribution of groundwater storage constants that represent the variability of groundwater flow dynamics. Our approach enabled us to identify dominant processes of the different systems and provided directions for future large-scale simulation of karst areas to predict the impact of future change on karst water resources.
The influence of partial covering with soil on the morphology and anatomy of regrowing stems of tufted grasses
Authors: Olszewska L. , Wielicka M.
Published: August 2013

Regeneration of the following tufted grasses was investigated: Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. B., Holcus lanatus L., Lolium perenne L., L. multiflorum Lam., Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. B., Phleum pratense L.,  Bromus unioloides H. B. K. and Dactylis glomerata L. The small clumps of these grasses consisting of four shoots has been covered with soil to the height of 12 cm. It was found that regrowth out of the buried tuft occurs by way of stems morphologically and anatomically resembling rhizomes. The buried parts of the regenerated stems were thinner and had sclerenchyma cylinder separated from the epidermis by a layer of parenchyma cells, whereas in the aerial parts sclerenchyma cylinder with islands of parenchyma was contiguous to epidermis. The tuft fragmentation has no harmful effect on regeneration and tillering of buried grasses probably due to the some leaves which has been left above the soil cover.
Effects of nutrition with varied forms of nitrogen on the growth of tomatoes in hydroponic cultures
Authors: Gumińska Z. , Łokietek J.
Published: August 2013

Ammonium saltpeter used in hydroponic nutrient solution instead of calcium saltpeter decreased the yield of tomatoes by 30%. A smaller (15,4%) decrease in yield was observed when ammonium saltpeter was used jointly with urea. The 50% reduction of light gave a considerable 60% drop in the yield. The levels of phosphorus and chlorophyll in leaves of tomatoes grown under the above conditions were considerably higher than in tomatoes cultivated in full light. All the tomato plant took up almost the same quantities of mineral salts.
Influence of the photoperiod on the utilization of macronutrients as observed in tomatoes and spinach
Authors: Borowski E.
Published: August 2013

Investigations on the influence of the photoperiod on the utilization of mineral nutrients by tomatoes, 'Karzełek Chodowski' cv. and spinach 'Matador' cv. were performed in a phytotron. The biomass of experimental plants increased with the length of the photoperiod, for tomatoes and spinach from 9 to 16 and from 9 to 14 hours depending on the concentration of nutrient solution. The percentage of macronutrients in the biomass of both plants increased, the higher the salt concentration of the solution, only during the appropriate lenght of the day. The utilization of mineral nutrients regardless of their concentration reached a maximum for tomatoes and spinach in the conditions of 16 and 11 hour day respectively.
The effect of abscisic acid, coumarin, scopoletin and cinnamic acid on the formation of roots in isolated potato sprouts
Authors: Bielińska-Czarnecka M. , Banaś A. , Borek T.
Published: August 2013

It has been found that low concentrations of ABA (0.001-0.01 mg l-1, coumarin (0.01-1 mg l-1), scopoletin (0.01-5 mg l-1), and cinnamic acid 0.01-10 mg l-1) have a stimulating effect on the number and weight of roots in isolated sprouts in cultures in vitro. Higher concentrations of these compounds inhibit rooting.
Segetal communities of winter cereal of the Skierniewice and adjacent areas
Authors: Warcholińska A. Urszula
Published: August 2013

This paper presents the results of research, carried out in 1976-1979, on the segetal communities of winter cereals of the Skierniewice and adjacent areas. The specified communities (Tables 1-6) reflect the current state of the ecological-productive potential of the agroecosystem habitat of the studied object, and represent definite types of the habitats of potential natural vegetation.
Residues of chlormequat (CCC) in fruits and other parts of tomato plants after treating the seedlings with 14C-CCC
Authors: Ostrzycka Joanna , Borkowski Jan
Published: August 2013

CCC remaining in tomato plants after treating the seedlings with a solution of 125 mg/l CCC to prevent their excessive growth has been studied in experiment conducted for two years. When seedling had been treated twice with CCC, the tomatoes of the first crop from these plants contained 0.09 mg CCC/kg fresh fruit. The amount of residual CCC decreased with each further crop. The last crop contained only 0.02 mg CCC/kg fresh fruit. The amount of CCC in the remains of leaves and stems at the end of the vegetation period was similar to that in the fruit of the first crop, however, the amount of CCC in the remains of the roots was several times larger than in the fruit. CCC which had been added directly to compost soil was quickly degraded.
Influence of initial seed moisture and temperature conditions during germination and emergence on seedling survival and yields of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)
Authors: Markowski Adam
Published: August 2013

Injury to soybean seedlings caused by low temperature (5°C) at the beginning of germination was greatly reduced when instead of chilling (10°C) a higher temperature (20°C) was applied at the end of germination and during emergence. A new interpretation of the physiological mechanism involved in this reversibility of chilling injury was proposed. Hydration in water vapour of soybean seeds with initial moisture content of from 5 to 10% to a level of 30%, dry weight basis, increased seedling survival under controlled conditions of germination and emergence at respectively 5°C and l0°C as well as under natural soil conditions in field experiments both after early and late planting dates. A modified method of seed hydration in water vapour (i.e. conditioning or hardening of seeds against cold) was developed for practical application. In field experiments conditioning of seeds increased seedling survival and thus also yields per unit area of plot but had no significant effect on yield per plant. Seed conditioning may have practical significance in soybean growing and for breeding purposes when equalizing the number of plants per plot is important for comparing new varieties and breeding forms.
Biology of the bloom and pollination of the umbelliferous vegetables. Part I: Garden dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
Authors: Warakomska Zofia , Kolasa Zofia , Wróblewska Anna
Published: August 2013

The biology of blooming of garden dill and the influence of insect pollination on seed seetting was investigated. The experiment was carried out near Lublin, on the loessy soils within two different habitats in the season 1977-78. In order to determine the sugar weight of nectar isolated flowers were washed out, then the water enclosed in the nectar was vaporized and the remaining sugars underwent repeated dissolution and determined quantitatively with refractometer. The pollen yield was determined with the ether-weight method. The number of the secreting stomata on the epidermis of the nectary was on the average 950 per 1 mm2. The sugar weight of 0.4 mg and pollen weight of 0.63 mg from 10 flowers informed of the attractiveness ofthe garden dill for the pollinating insects. The estimated honey yield of garden dill was 27.8 kg ha-1 and pollen yield was 18.7 kg ha-1. The isolation of the flowers from the pollinators brought about the decrease of the seed yield of 30% in 1977 and of 43% in 1978. The presence of the entomofauna on the flowers must be taken into consideration when forecasting the seed yield in the horticultural production of the garden dill.
The effect of phosphate buffer and temperature shock treatment on reaction of 'Red Kidney' bean primary leaves to inoculation with potato virus M
Authors: Kryczyński Selim , Waś Mirosława
Published: August 2013

The influence of various factors on 'Red Kidney' bean reaction to inoculation with PVM was studied. The highest increase in the number of local lesions on inoculated primary leaves was obtained when inoculum was prepared in 0.066 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5. A significant but not consistent increase in the number of local lesions was obtained when inoculated leaves were rinsed with phosphate buffer instead of water or when the plants were submitted to thermal shock treatment 2-6 days after inoculation. Quick-drying of inoculated leaves instead of rinsing caused some increase of the number of local lesions but was difficult to perform. Rinsing inoculated leaves with phosphate buffer and temperature shock treatment did not improve the detectability of PVM by bioassay on 'Red Kidney' bean plants when highly diluted inocula or mild virus isolates were used as well as when the presence of PVM was assayed in plants resistant to virus infection.
Production of patulin by various isolates of Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom
Authors: Pytel M. , Borecka H.
Published: August 2013

The production of patulin by fourteen isolates of Penicillium expansum (Link) Thorn was studied. The fungus was isolated from apples, pears and air in cold storage rooms in Poland. Different isolates of fungus produced from 268 to 2225 µg/ml patulin into the liquid medium. The productivity of the isolates depends on the source of carbon in the medium and temperature during fungus growth. Production of patulin was not correlated with the pathogenicity of the fungus isolate. The fungus produces less patulin when growing on apple tissue than on Czapek liquid medium.
The effectiveness of funqicides in the control of white rust (Puccinia horiana P. Henn) of Chrysanthemums
Authors: Zamorski Cz.
Published: August 2013

The object of this study was to determine the effectiveness of some fungicides such as Dithane M-45 (mancozeb) - 0.3%, Plantvax (oxycarboxin) - 0.075%, Saprol (triforine) - 0.1%, Calirus (benodanil) - 0.3%, Bayleton 5 WP (triadimefon) - 0.05%, Baycor (biloxazol) - 0.1%, Vigilex (dichlobutrazol) - 0.04% in the control of chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana). Tests were conducted in the period 1979-1980. Plants of four varieties were sprayed 8 times weekly. The disease was completely suppressed in the combinations with Plantvax, Saprol, Calirus, Bayleton 5 WP, Baycor and Vigilex. The disease index of Puccinia horiana infection on chrysanthemums was only slightly lower when Dithane M-45 was applied. Plantvax was phytotoxic for all tested varieties, Vigilex suppressed plant growth, treated plants were 3/4 shorter in comparison with plants of all the other combinations.
Reasons of leaves withering in tropical plants cultivated under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Czerwiński Z. , Czerwińska K. , Andrearczyk J. , Solińska-Górnicka B.
Published: August 2013

In order to determine the reasons of necrosis of exotic plants leaves cultivated in greenhouses plants belonging to ten following species were examined: Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn., Stangeria eriopus (Kunze) Nash (Cycadaceae), Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. (Rosaceae), Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae), Phoenix roebeleni O'Brien (Palmae), Sequoia sempervirens Endl. (Taxodiaceae), Calathea bachemiana Morr. (Marantaceae), Cordyline terminalis Kunth (Agavaceae), Spathiphyllum wallisii Reg. and Anthurium magnificum Lind. (Araceae). Chemical analysis were performed in soil samples in which these plants grow, in samples of tap-water applied for watering and in samples of decaying and healthy leaves. In order to examine the process of withdrawal of mineral components from necrotic leaves, both: necrotic and green parts of decaying leaves were subjected to examination. On the basis of the research it was concluded, that - in spite of generally low level of salinity of the water used for watering - some ions content, particularity that of CI-, was unfavourable to plants. Unfavourable ionic composition was discovered in water extracts derived from some of the breeding-ground soils. A comparison of healthy and decaying, necrotic leaves chemism proves that CI- assimilated by the plants from the breeding-grounds and accumulated in leaves, affects them toxically.
Changes in oat (Avena sativa L.) flowers and inflorescences under conditions of copper deficiency
Authors: Weryszko E. , Ruszkowska M. , Tomaszewski A.
Published: August 2013

The anatomy and morphology of oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. 'Udycz Żółty' flowers and inflorescences formed at different copper levels (0, 5, 125 mg Cu/pot) was investigated. Considerable changes in the structure of the generative elements of oat flowers occurred under conditions of severe copper deficiency (Cu = 0): the stamens showed considerably smaller anthers, with changed shape; the anther chambers were significantly diminished in size and did not open after the formation of pollen; the pollen grains were sterile, deformed and of smaller dimensions. The pistils and ovules were also smaller; outgrowths on the pistil stigmas were smaller and of a different shape. A decrease in the dimensions of the inflorescences was observed in both early and later phases of development. In moderately copper-deficient plants (Cu = 5) the flowers were heteromorphic: functionally male - with great anthers and small pistils, functionally female - with great pistils and small anthers and hermaphrodite - with great pistils and anthers.
Influence of water stress and abscisic acid on free proline accumulation in barley leaves
Authors: Chełkowska Hanna , Zielińska Danuta
Published: August 2013

Rapid accumulation of free proline was found in barley leaves under conditions of osmotic stress at the level of -8.3 bars, but not before 9 days of its duration. The threshold value of osmotic stress for the start of a rapid accumulation of proline was about -6 bars. The excised leaves of barley subjected to water stress by wilting accumulated free proline more rapidly. In the course of 24 hours free proline content increased about 30-fold, while the water content in the leaves decreased 3-fold only. We found also that excised barley leaves with full turgor treated with abscisic acid (10-4 M) accumulated free proline as early as after 3 hours and subsequently after 24 hours free proline content increased 10-fold.
Curvularia trifolii a new for Poland pathogen of gladiolus
Authors: Zamorski Czesław , Bielska Ewa
Published: August 2013

A new for Poland gladiolus disease is described. Microscopic data as well as pathogenicity tests proved that the fungus Curvularia trifolii f.sp. gladioli is the caused of this disease. Among 17 gladiolus cultivars the most susceptible were: 'Aldebaran', 'Benares' and 'Lovely Melody' while the cultivars 'Oscar' and 'Decisio' showed the lowest susceptibility to the pathogen, In laboratory tests fungicides containing fenarimol PMC, vinclozolin and captafol were highly toxic for the fungus Curvularia trifolii f. sp. gladioli. Other fungicides such as thiuram and captan showed only a slight effectiveness, while chlorothalonil and carbendazim were not at all toxic for the studied fungus.
Preliminary estimation of thermic conditions of soybean ripening in Poland
Authors: Łykowski Bonifacy , Radomski Czesław
Published: August 2013

To estimate the thermic conditions of Poland from the point of view of soybean cultivation possibility the method of temperature sums was applied. The difference being known between the sum of temperatures required for soybean ripening and the sum of temperatures in the period May 2 - September 30 for the given locality as well as standard deviation, the statistical probability of soybean ripening during the established time was calculated for every locality. While disposing of the spatial distribution of soybean ripening probability values on the territory of Poland, the macroregions with thermic conditions most favourable for soybean cultivation were distinguished.
Studies of agrotechnical management of new forms of soybean in Poland
Authors: Pyzik Jan
Published: August 2013

The results of experiments with various terms and seed spacing and with differentiation of the supply of nitrogen fertilizer carried out in 1977 - 1979, are presented. Soybean was grown on two soil complexes with soil inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum bacteria. It appeared, that the most profitable seeding time of the medium-early phylum and cultivars of soybean falls is the turn between April and May and optimum seed spacing is 80 seeds por 1 m2 when row spacing is 25 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer influences the yield of seeds, but prolongs the soybean vegetation period one day per 10 kg N/ha. Fertilization above 60 kg N/ha causes soybean to ripen unequally and its technical value deteriorates. The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer is higher on the sandy soil of the good rye complex than on soil of the very good wheat complex. The favourable influence of soil inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum bacteria on the yield of soybean significantly increases with their activity.
Dependence of anatomical structure features on morphological form of branching of grass shoots
Authors: Olszewska Leontyna , Wielicka Maria
Published: August 2013

The occurrence of different shoot forms in Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Holcus lanatus L., Avena fatua L. and other grass species was observed in investigations on vegetative reproduction modes deviating from normal. The relationship between the morphological and anatomical structure of these shoots, depends on the grass species as well as on ecological and biotic factors. The anatomical structure of elongated vegetative tillers and pseudostolons as well as underground rooting stems regrowing in the soil approximates that of stolons in Poa trivialis L. Branching generative shoots show the same arrangement of tissues as that encountered in non-branching ones. Shoots with such a structure are resistant to bending and, therefore, their contact with the soil and rooting of aerial tillers meet, as a rule, with difficulties. All kinds of parental branching shoots under study, irrespective of whether they developed above or in the soil, are usually short lived, provided with sheaths and leaf blades, similarly as stolons. It was found that in many grass species different tillering forms occur generally in vegetative reproduction what would require a definition and unification of names of such differentiated shoots.
A radiomutant with two-coloured ligulate flowers obtained from the China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees) variety 'Dukat'
Authors: Wosińska Alicja
Published: August 2013

A mutant designated by the symbol E-1 was selected from the Callistephus chinensis Nees variety 'Dukat' seeds irradiated by a 4335 R dose. The variety 'Dukat' belongs to the group of tall asters with a paeony-type inflorescence of salmon colour. The mutant E-l differed from the outset variety by a stronger anthocyanin colouring of shoots and leaves, short shoots and a compact habit of the plant, smaller leaves, smaller dimensions of inflorescences and two-coloured ligulate flowers - with whitish edges and a violet centre.