bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techniques for valuing adaptive capacity in flood risk management
Authors: Brisley Rachel , Wylde Richard , Lamb Rob , Cooper Jonathan , Sayers Paul , Hall Jim
Published: August 2016

Flood and coastal erosion risk management has always faced the challenge of decision making in the face of multiple uncertainties relating to the climate, the economy and society. Traditionally, this has been addressed by adopting a precautionary approach that seeks to protect against a reasonable worst case. However, a managed adaptive approach can offer advantages. The benefits include improved resilience to negative changes, enabling opportunities from positive changes and greater cost effectiveness. The absence of clear methods and tools to value adaptive approaches has been recognised as an obstacle to wider adoption. This paper proposes a staged approach to building in adaptive capacity, which systematically analyses uncertainties, identifies opportunities to incorporate adaptability and appraises benefits through the analysis of decision trees. A case study is presented. The methodology is set in the context of appraisal processes used in England by the Environment Agency, based on cost–benefit analysis guidance issued by HM Treasury. The approach is transferable to other situations worldwide, where decision making is based on quantified assessment of costs and benefits. The work should help decision makers fully appraise the benefits of building in adaptive capacity and make the economic and technical case for adaptive flood risk management in an uncertain environment.
Non-linear Muskingum model with inflow-based exponent
Authors: Vatankhah Ali R.
Published: August 2016

The parameters of non-linear Muskingum model (NLMM) are usually assumed to be constant during the flood routing period. Recently, the need to consider a variable exponent parameter for the NLMM has been emphasised. A suitable continuous variable exponent parameter can substantially improve the model. In this study, an appropriate continuous inflow-based exponent is proposed for the NLMM. The discharges of inflow hydrographs of future events may be different and larger than the discharges of inflow hydrographs used in the calibration stage, and thus the proposed inflow-based function for the exponent parameter is considered such that it varies only in a small range regardless of the size of the future inflow hydrographs and their durations (safe extrapolation). When volumes of the inflow and outflow hydrographs are different, the lateral flows are expected to play a relevant role in the flood routing procedure. These effects are also considered in this research. The proposed model was implemented and tested on three different sets of benchmark hydrographs from the literature and the improvement in performance of the proposed model was considerable.
Towards better design of riprap bed sills – an experimental study
Authors: Escarameia Manuela , Roca Marta , Chellew Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

Flexible bed sills are extensively used in rivers in several applications: to protect pipeline crossings, for slope control and to enhance environmental aspects. Use of riprap provides the flexibility required to adjust to small changes in river bed level and makes this material one of the most commonly used. Shear failure of riprap has been extensively studied, but little knowledge is available on edge failure of flexible bed sills and on the design of the required extent of sills to protect assets. Experimental work in a large test facility was carried out to gain improved understanding of flat sills and sills protruding above the bed. Significantly lower depth and length of the scour hole were observed at the downstream edge of flat riprap sills than at rigid sills. Existing equations for rigid bed sills were found not to be appropriate for estimating scour at the flexible bed sills tested. As expected, protrusion enhances scour potential significantly: it was found that scour depths were of the order of 100% or greater than those associated with flat sills. The research has provided useful evidence for avoiding placement of pipelines straight on to river beds and instead to adopt trenches whenever feasible.
Cantilever failure investigations for cohesive riverbanks
Authors: Patsinghasanee Supapap , Kimura Ichiro , Shimizu Yasuyuki , Nabi Mohamed
Published: August 2016

As a cantilever failure involves rapid channel widening and delivers a large volume of sediment into the channel, it is important to understand this mechanism from the river engineering point of view. Different types of riverbank failures have been investigated in several previous studies, but these works have limitations in understanding the complex mechanisms of cantilever failure regarding the coupling of fluvial erosion with that failure. Experiments were thus carried out to assess the underlying mechanisms of cantilever failure using three types of cohesive materials classified on the basis of their percentages of silt–clay content. The experiments showed that fluvial erosion of the lower part of cohesive riverbanks progressively undermines the upper part during the initial stage of a cantilever failure. Tension cracks then develop at the upper surface of the cohesive riverbanks and beam failure occurs thereafter. A mathematical model of cantilever failure was also developed. The model uses a triple-grid approach to simulate the behaviour of a cantilever within the framework of fluvial erosion and the cantilever's subsequent failure. The simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results in terms of spatial-averaged bank width and water level along cohesive riverbanks.
Adaptive reservoir rule curves by optimisation and simulation
Authors: Kangrang Anongrit , Pakoktom Wittawat , Nuannukul Wirat , Chaleeraktrakoon Chavalit
Published: August 2016

Effective reservoir operation is achieved using suitable rule curves to control the release of water following the release criteria. Conditional cuckoo search (CCS) algorithms and conditional particle swarm optimisation (CPSO) were linked with a reservoir simulation model to identify adaptive optimal reservoir rule curves. Three cases (normal, dry and wet years) were considered when producing the rule curves depending on the inflow pattern and inflow period. Lampao reservoir in Thailand was used to illustrate application of the method. The results showed that the new rule curve patterns produced by CCS algorithms and CPSO in a normal year were similar to the patterns obtained by conditional ant colony optimisation and current usage patterns. However, the obtained rule curves for wet and dry years were quite different from those for the normal year. Average water shortages using the normal-year inflow were less than using the dry-year inflow by 24·05% and 18·92% for CCS and CPSO models, respectively. Situations of water shortage when using the normal-year rule curves can best mitigate the water situation. In conclusion, the adaptive rule curves were suitable for reservoir operation under all inflow cases.
Towards recycling and waste reduction in Mohammedia, Morocco
Authors: El Maguiri Abdelhakim , Laila Idrissi , Kissi Benaissa , Souabi Salah
Published: August 2016

Like all municipalities, the city of Mohammedia has to bear a significant cost for the treatment of its waste. In all, €2·72 million has been spent on the collection and processing of 78 608 t of household and similar waste produced in 2013. The urban commune of Mohammedia, which has a daily waste production of 0·807 kg per capita, has been trying to reduce waste production by upstream sorting and recovery; whereas waste reduction is only possible at the source. Treatment processes only could reduce the amount of waste that has to be disposed of. A study of the waste arisings through characterisation of the household waste produced by the city of Mohammedia enabled to know how much waste is generated, how much waste is recyclable, the percentage of fermentable organic materials, the percentage of non-recyclable materials and the estimated cost of disposal of such waste.
Briefing: How and why children use ecological urban space
Authors: Clavin Alma A
Published: August 2016

In the light of recent reports regarding the unhappiness and anxiety of children in the UK, this briefing considers the value of ecologically designed green spaces, particularly in urban environments.
Briefing: Initial findings from the Urba project
Authors: Krokfors Karin , Ilmonen Mervi , Kangasoja Jonna , Lehtonen Hilkka , Mälkki Mikko , Mäntysalo Raine , Norvasuo Markku , Nupponen Terttu , Puustinen Sari
Published: August 2016

This briefing describes the research project The Future Concepts of Urban Housing (Urba), which was initiated in 2007 to develop new ideas, concepts and cooperative practices for Urban housing in the Helsinki metropolitan area. The area suffers from Urban sprawl, soaring prices and a lack of feasible and attractive housing alternatives as a result of the narrow and inflexible housing market. Moreover, the housing sector suffers from a lack of cooperation. Urba is a multi-disciplinary research project that brings together a wide range of stakeholders and actors in the housing sector. The first phase of the project has produced an initial selection of promising Urban housing concepts that will serve as the basis for the development phase. The development phase is structured in the form of a collective learning and invention process that involves a wide group of participants from the housing sector.
Toward Non-innocent Reassemblies
Authors: Murphy Michelle
Published: August 2016

This commentary explores the toggle between reparative and paranoid reading that the Simmon’s essay performs, drawing connections to feminist STS and Fanon.
O conceito de letramento digital e suas implicações pedagógicas
Authors: Vidotti de Rezende Mariana
Published: August 2016

RESUMO: Nos últimos anos, tem-se discutido muito, no campo da educação e também no campo da linguagem, a presença das tecnologias digitais nas práticas escolares. O que se tem visto, muitas vezes, éum uso de tecnologias que se limita a transferir práticas letradas tradicionais para práticas mediadas por novos recursos tecnológicos. Há uma inserção “forçada” de tecnologias que desconsidera seus maiores potenciais, suas dinâmicas interativas e estratégias sociocognitivas. Entende-se, entretanto, que a percepção a respeito do uso de tecnologias nas práticas pedagógicas perpassa, principalmente, o âmbito de ensino-aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa e a concepção de letramento digital.A importância de discutir o conceito de letramento digital justifica-se pelo fato de que as diferentes interpretações que são dadas a ele interferem diretamente na percepção do uso de tecnologias nas práticas escolares. Analisa-se, então, em que medida as concepções de letramento e de letramento digital interferem na percepção que se tem de ensino de Língua Portuguesa e de que maneira contribuem para pensar a educação na atualidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ensino-aprendizagem; letramento digital; língua portuguesa. ABSTRACT: In recent years, the presence of digital technologies in school practices has been very discussed in education and also in the language studies. What it has been seen is the fact that technology's uses are limited to transfering traditional literacy practices to practices mediated by new technological resources. There is a "hard" technologies insert that disregards its greatest potential, its interactive dynamics and socio-cognitive strategies. We understand, however, that the technology uses perception in school practices pervades, especially, the teaching and learning of Portuguese language context and the concept of digital literacy. The importance of discussing the concept of digital literacy is justified by the fact that the different interpretations that are given to it directly interfer in the perception of the use of technology in school practices. We will look, then, to what extent the literacy and digital literacy concepts interfere with the perception people have of the Portuguese language teaching and how they contribute to reflections on education today.KEYWORDS: teaching and learning; digital literacy; Portuguese language.
Effects of supplementation of polyherbal-potash alum mixture on immune status of crossbred cows during transition period
Authors: Kumari Anjali , Chandra Ramesh , Dang A. K. , Manjari P. , Kumari Ragini , Tiwari Shiwani , Gonge D. S. , Sinha Beena , Kujur Anjila S.T.
Published: August 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate efficacy of supplementation of polyherbal-potash alum mixture on immune status of cows during transition period. Fourteen crossbred cows in their late gestation were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. Cows in one group were supplemented with mixture containing herbs and potash alum from 30 days ante-partum to 30 days postpartum. Trachyspermum ammi Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum sanctum, Emblica officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylancium and potash alum were used for preparation of mixture. Immune status viz, total leucocyte counts (TLC), differential leucocyte counts (DLC), in-vitro phagocytic activity (PA) of blood neutrophils and plasma cortisol level were estimated as well as incidence of diseases were studied. Results showed that supplementation mixture significantly (P<0.05) reduced cortisol level and TLC, whereas phagocytic activity was increased on the day of parturition. However, no significant (P<0.05) changes were observed in DLC. Incidence of mastitis, metritis and retention of foetal membrane (RFM) in control group was 28.57%, 28.57% and 14.28%, respectively whereas no such cases were found in treatment group. The study clearly indicated that supplementation of polyherbal-potash alum mixture enhance immunity during transition period.
Quantitative prediction of drinking water intake of Murrah buffalo calves under saline water
Authors: Sharma Amit , Kundu S.S. , Tariq Hujaz , . Preeti , Kewalramani N. , Singh Sunil
Published: August 2016

The present investigation was carried out with the aim of determining water requirement of Murrah buffalo calves under saline water. Twenty male buffalo calves were divided into five different treatment groups (n = 4 each) with average body weight of 219.94 kg. The animals in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were offered water having total dissolved solids (TDS) 0.55, 2.57, 4.46, 6.11 and 8.78 parts per thousand, respectively for 180 days. Data regarding environmental factors (maximum ambient temperature (Tmax), relative humidity (RH), rainfall and sunshine hour), dry matter intake (DMI) and drinking water intake (DWI) of individual animals were recorded daily. Results showed that Tmax, DMI, body weight (BW), rainfall and sunshine hours were positively related (P less than 0.001) while, relative humidity (RH) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of water were negatively correlated (P less than 0.001) to DWI. Applying a multiple linear regression analysis to all independent variables yielded DWI prediction equation as: (DWI) (L/day) = - 7.81- 0.45 × TDS (parts per thousand) + 0.41 × Tmax (°C) + 2.97 × DMI (kg/day) - 0.004 × BW (kg) with coefficient of multiple determination (R2 = 0.80), which can be useful to predict DWI of buffalo calves reared on saline water under tropical climatic conditions.
Effect of dry cow therapy on incidence of clinical mastitis, milk yield and composition in crossbred cows
Authors: Tiwari Shiwani , Mohanty T.K. , Patbandha T.K. , Kumaresan A. , Bhakat M. , Gautam Shital , Kumari Anjali , Kumar Narender , Baithalu R.K.
Published: August 2016

Mastitis is considered as one of the important production disease in dairy cows which incurs huge economic losses to dairy industry, despite considerable efforts has been dedicated to solve it for the last two decades. In the present study, the impact of dry cow therapy (DCT) on incidence of clinical mastitis, milk yield and composition in crossbred cows was studied. About 20 healthy crossbred cows were selected at dry-off and randomly allotted either to control or treatment group. Daily milk yield of cows was recorded up to 45 days post-partum and fortnightly separate quarter wise milk samples were collected for estimation of milk composition. While no quarter in the treatment group showed clinical mastitis, 33.33% of quarters in control group showed clinical mastitis within 45 days post-partum. Milk production increased by 9.71, 8.40 and 18.18% during first, second and third fortnight with overall value 11.84% during the entire 45 days post-calving period in DCT treated cows compared to control group. Also, the overall fat-corrected milk, solid-corrected milk and energy-corrected milk production following 45 days post-partum increased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 22.71, 23.70 and 22.80%, respectively in treated group than control group. However, overall mean milk components such as fat, protein, lactose, SNF and TS remained similar between treatment and control groups. Taken together, the above results indicated that DCT increased milk yield by reducing incidence of clinical mastitis during early lactation.
Effect of varying levels of dietary protein on growth and relationship of egg weight with egg quality parameters in Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
Authors: . Irfan , Javid Arshad , Ashraf Muhammad , Mahmud Athar , Altaf Muhammad , Mehmood Shahid , Yaqoob Muhammad Amjad
Published: August 2016

A total of 120, day-old turkey (Maleagris gallopavo) chicks were arranged into four groups. Four diets having varying levels of crude protein (CP) viz. 16% CP, 18% CP, 20% CP and 22% CP were prepared and were designated as control (T0), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3) diets, respectively. Group 1 birds were fed with T0 diets, group 2 with T1 diets, group 3 with T2 and group 4 birds were fed with T3 diets. Significantly higher weight gain 2950.86±1952.58g, body length 30.064±11cm, beak length 3.53cm, body girth 43.41±16.30cm, thigh length 18.18±6.47cm, sternum-length 11.98±4.70cm, wing-length 47.10±16.17cm, wingspan 101.36±34.32cm, shank-length and tarsus-length 13.78±4.47cm were recorded in M. gallopavo fed with T3 diets. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) for T0, T1, T2 and T3 diets were 2.296, 2.236, 2.099 and 1.934, respectively. Internal and external quality parameters of egg were also analyzed.
Identification of bacterial pathogens that cause urinary tractinfections and detection of their antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Erbas Göksel , Parin Ugur , Kirkan Sükrü , Ural Kerem , Yuksel H. Tugba , Balat Gamze
Published: August 2016

In this study, the isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial agents taken from urine and sediment samples of 10 cats and 10 dogs, which were diagnosed with urinary tract infection was aimed. Each urine and sediment samples were streaked onto blood agar which contains 5 % sheep blood, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and MacConkey agar for bacterial examination. In conclusion, Staphylococcus aureus from 4 dogs, Staphylococcus epidermidis from 2 dogs, Serratia liquefaciens from 1 dog, Plesiomonas shigelloides from 1 dog, Yersinia enterocolitica from 1 cat, were isolated and identified. In conclusion of antibiogram test, 78 % of the isolates were susceptible to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, 67 % of the isolates were susceptible to Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone, 55.5 % of the isolates were susceptible to Enrofloxacin, 22.5 % of the isolates were susceptible to Lincomycin and 22 % of the isolates were susceptible to Erythromycin. The isolates were resistant to Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprime and Oxacillin in the ratio of 78 % and 67 % respectively. Consequently, it is concluded that the isolates obtained from dogs highlight the resistancy to antibiotics, bacterial agents play a less role in feline urinary tract infections and the appropriate antibiotic application procedure will enhance the success of therapy.
Analysis of some plant measures of narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) effecting plant length using path analysis
Authors: Bakoglu1 Adil , Celik2 Senol , Kokten*3 Kagan
Published: August 2016

The direct and indirect effects of sizes of fresh stem weight, dry stem weight, fresh leafweight, dry leaf weighton plant height of narbon vetch were in vestigated using path analysis in Bingol in 2014-15 years. The plant measures of narbon vetch between 4 and 6 weeks of planting were used.The results showed that the highest correlations at 5 week narbon vetch were determined between plant length and respectively dry stem weightand fresh stem weight(r =0.849 and r =0.824). The direct effects of fresh stem weight, dry stem weight, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight on plant length at 6 week narbon vetcies were determined respectively as 51.341%, 50.148%, 37.782%, and 24.276%, respectively. As a result, fresh stem weight, dry stem weight were the most efficient characters on plant length and it was concluded that these characters could be considered as significant selection criterias in narbon vetch breeding for yield under that the conditions.
Phylogenetic relationship of some Onobrychis taxa naturally grown in Turkey based on morphology and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS Sequences
Authors: AVCI Süleyman , TEKIN Nilgün , SANCAK Cengiz , ÖZCAN Sebahattin , MARANGI Amir Orojpour
Published: August 2016

Phylogenetic relationships were studied based on morphology and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcript spacer (nrDNA ITS) sequences in 49 populations of 36 Onobrychis taxa belonging to 5 sections (Dendobrychis, Lophobrychis, Onobrychis, Heliobrychis and Hymenobrychis) naturally grown in Turkey. The morphological data (46 quantitative characters) were standardized and submitted for PCA analysis before the performance of hierarchical clustering analysis. In addition, a 577-bp region of the nrDNA ITS sequences was compared to generate a dendrogram using the neighbor-joining method. According to the obtained results, the Onobrychis genus is clearly divided into the Onobrychis and Sisyrosema subgenera both molecularly and morphologically; however, in terms of molecular data, while the Onobrychis subgenus showed polyphyletic features, the Sisyrosema subgenus had monophyletic features. Additionally, long-wing taxa belonging to Dendobrychis and Onobrychis and O. crista-galli belonging to Lophobrychis located in the same clade in Onobrychis showed polyphyletic features. This finding was confirmed in terms of long-wing taxa as well as morphology and indicated that these three sections were entangled with each other under the Onobrychis subgenus.
Kairomonal effect of acetone extracts of groundnut on foraging activities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) and Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Peterson)
Authors: Parthiban P. , Chinniah C. , Kalyanasundarm M. , Baskaran R. K. Murali
Published: August 2016

The present study concentration (1% = 10000 ppm) of the acetone extracts of various plant parts of groundnut were prepared to determine the specific acetone extract of the groundnut plant part(s) to optimizing the foraging behavior of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Peterson). Laboratory bioassay with acetone extracts of young leaves, old leaves, flowers and stems of groundnut plant with T. chilonis and C. zastrowi sillemi revealed their kairomonal activities under in vitro condition. Treating irradiated eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton with acetone extract of flowers of groundnut recorded the parasitization of 16.97 per cent by T. chilonis on third day after inoculation which increased from 56.87 to 73.14 per cent on fifth and seventh day after inoculation and they were 6.33, 19.77 and 25.64 per cent when the eggs were treated with acetone alone on third, fifth and seventh days after inoculation, respectively. Maximum emergence (66.11%) was observed with acetone extract of flowers followed by acetone extract of young leaves (49.82%). The highest predation by C. zastrowi sillemi on acetone extract of flowers treated eggs of C. cephalonica was recorded (69.97%) whereas it was 26.94 per cent in acetone treated eggs.
Konstruksi Makna Perkawinan Campuran Bagi Perempuan Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Nurhadi Zikri Fachrul , Yandini Sheila Yandini
Published: August 2016

The background of this problem is the increasing number of Indonesian citizens who perform mixed marriages, especially women who are married to foreign nationals. This, resulted in the problem starts from differences of religion or belief, culture and lifestyle are different. The purpose of this study is to find and explain the motives, meaning and experience of Indonesian Muslim women as perpetrators of intermarriage. This research method using the phenomenological method that focuses on the study of meaning in everyday life from the perspective of those who experience it. Data collection techniques used participant observation, interview and documentation study. Subjects were Indonesian Muslim women aged 30-40 years, were married to foreign nationals by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that mixed marriages have a motive "because" that is the motive trauma and interest, while the motive "for" consists of the dream motive, worship and repair descent. Likewise intermarriage experience demonstrated mutual culturally adjust, adapt to a multicultural, open and romantic attitude. While the meaning of marriage is an interesting mix, happy, merging two cultures, respect for differences, mutual understanding, complex, beautiful. Construction of meaning formed that a mixed marriage is a marriage of attractive, beautiful, full of challenges in the face of differences in terms of culture, habits and mindset in running family life.
ARTÉRIA RENAL ESQUERDA MÚLTIPLA EM GATO SEM RAÇA DEFINIDA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Stocco Anieli Vidal , Ferreira Larissa Torres , Santos-Sousa Carlos Augusto , Gomes Marcelo Salvador , Figueiredo Marcelo Abidu
Published: August 2016

O conhecimento das variações nos vasos renais possui importância em um programa de sistematização da anatomia radiológica e cirúrgica, tanto para o homem quanto para animais destinados a pesquisa, ensino e treinamento cirúrgico. Atenção particular é dada ao estudo desses vasos enfatizando as variações numéricas entre as diferentes espécies animais. A artéria renal direita se origina mais cranialmente que a esquerda de acordo com a posição mais cranial do rim direito. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de artéria renal esquerda múltipla originando-se da superfície ventral da artéria aorta abdominal em um cadáver de gato SRD macho adulto. O mesmo foi fixado e preservado com solução de formaldeído a 10% e teve o seu sistema arterial preenchido com Petrolátex corado. O rim esquerdo apresentou artérias renais múltiplas, uma cranial e outra caudal. A primeira se originou ventralmente à aorta abdominal de forma única, emitiu ramos para a glândula adrenal, ramo lombar e bifurcou em 2 ramos : um ramo que penetrou diretamente na extremidade cranial do rim; o segundo ramo contornou a extremidade cranial do rim e penetrou na margem lateral do rim. A segunda artéria renal emergiu ventralmente à aorta abdominal de forma única e se bifurcou em duas artérias renais, uma dorsal e outra ventral ambas direcionadas ao hilo renal.
DESSENSIBILIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, NEURECTOMIA PALMAR E COMPLICAÇÕES PÓS-CIRURGICAS EM EQUINO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Rocha Natanni C. Vitor , Escodro Pierre Barnabé , Lins Jackellyne Laís Ferreira , Moreira Yane Fernandes , Carvalho Kezia Dos Santos , Souza Fernando Wiecheteck
Published: August 2016

Objetiva-se relatar o caso de um garanhão da raça Quarto de Milha de 12 anos, portador de síndrome degenerativa crônica podal e anquilose parcial na articulação metacarpo-falângica do membro torácico esquerdo, submetido à neurólise química palmar com cloreto de amônio 2%, exteriorizando eficácia analgésica e retorno à atividade esportiva por 40 dias. Após o período, foi realizado neurectomia palmar (NP), sendo que com 110 dias o equino apresentou neuromas dolorosos, sendo submetido à nova cirurgia. Há necessidade de mais relatos e pesquisas envolvendo a NP em equino avaliando: tempo e qualidade de analgesia; complicações após NP; reais riscos proprioceptivos ao animal e avaliação de fatores de risco na formação de neuromas.
CONCENTRAÇÕES SÉRICAS DE CISTATINA C EM MACACOS-DANOITE (Aotus azarai infulatus)
Authors: Barros Monteiro Frederico Ozanan , Barros Monteiro Maria Vivina , Moura Jorge Ediene , Silva Filho Ednaldo , Bandeira da Silva Wellington , Imbeloni Aline Amaral , Nunes-Pinheiro Diana Célia Sousa
Published: August 2016

Em medicina veterinária, a função renal geralmente é avaliada por determinações séricas de ureia e creatinina. No entanto, estes marcadores mostram baixa sensibilidade para detecção precoce de insuficiência renal, sendo alterados quando grande parte da função renal está comprometida. Biomarcadores mais sensíveis têm sido utilizados, entre os quais se destaca a Cistatina C (CisC). No entanto, os valores de referência para CisC ainda precisam ser estabelecidos para várias espécies de primatas não-humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a concentração de CisC em Aotus azarai infulatus e avaliar os efeitos da idade, sexo e massa corporal sobre esses valores. Vinte e nove macacos (15 machos e 14 fêmeas) foram divididos em três faixas etárias: FE1 (1 a 3 anos, n = 9); FE2 (4 a 6 anos, n = 6), e FE3 (mais de 10 anos, n = 14). As concentrações CisC variaram de 0,63 a 1,60 mg/l. O sexo e a idade dos animais não influenciaram nos resultados para CisC, ureia e creatinina. A massa foi mais elevada (p < 0,05) em FE3 (1,17 ± 0,22 kg) quando comparada a FE1 (0,99 ± 0,07 kg) e não diferiu significativamente de FE2 (0,98 ± 0,10 kg). Contudo, vale ressaltar que CisC não sofre influência com a massa corporal, por isso ela é um bom biomarcador para função renal. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre a determinação de CisC no gênero Aotus e os valores obtidos podem ser utilizados como referência para esta espécie.
Clinical signs in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum
Authors: Rocha e Silva Roberta Cristina da , Cardoso William Maciel , Teixeira Régis Siqueira de Castro , Cavalcante Camila Muniz , Almeida Clarice Pessoa , Sampaio Felipe Pereira , Vasconcelos Filho Francisco Sérgio Lopes
Published: August 2016

Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.
Cardioprotective effect of cycloalliin in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in albino rats: A mechanistic study
Authors: Peng Daodi , Liu Qiong
Published: August 2016

Necrosis of the myocardium due to imbalance between coronary blood supply and
oxygen demand of the myocardial tissue promotes the evolution of acute
myocardial infarction (MI). Onions are considered a rich source of medicinal
compounds, of which cycloalliin (CYC), a sulfur containing imino compound
with a cyclic structure, has been been extensively reported to exhibit
various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to elucidate the
protective effect of cycloalliin in isoproternol (ISO)-induced myocardial
infarction in male albino Wistar rats. Results of our investigation showed
that treatment with CYC (10 mg/kg) significantly elevated both (+) and (?)
left ventricular delta pressure/delta time (LVdP/dt) and decreased left
ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEDP compared to the
isoproterenol-treated group. The level of TBARS was significantly increased
in the ISO-treated group. This was accompanied by diminished myocardial
creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities when
compared with the control group (p<0.001). In CYC-treated groups, glutathione
(GSH) activity was improved significantly (p<0.05) in comparison to the
ISO-treated group. Treatment with CYC showed no sign of alteration in
myocardial fibers.
Primary study of ethyl cellulose nanofiber for oxygen-enrichment membrane
Authors: Shen Jing , Wang Fei-Yan , He Ji-Huan
Published: August 2016

Ethyl cellulose is widely used for oxygen-enrichment membrane, however, its
nanofiber membrane was rarely developed though it behaves more excellent
performance. This paper gives a preliminary study to produce
oxygen-enrichment membrane by bubbfil spinning.
Variable separation for time fractional advection-dispersion equation with initial and boundary conditions
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Liu Mingying , Zhang Luyao
Published: August 2016

In this paper, variable separation method combined with the properties of
Mittag-Leffler function is used to solve a variable-coefficient time
fractional advection-dispersion equation with initial and boundary
conditions. As a result, a explicit exact solution is obtained. It is shown
that the variable separation method can provide a useful mathematical tool
for solving the time fractional heat transfer equations.
Rational solutions to an Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kotera-like equation
Authors: Ma Hong-Cai , Ruan Guo-Ding , Ni Ke , Deng Ai-Ping
Published: August 2016

This paper applies an improved Hirota bilinear differential operator to
obtain a Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kotera-like (CDGSK-like) equation, and
two classes of rational solutions are obtained.
Long-Lever-Arm Manipulation Under Anesthesia With Resultant Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Roubal Paul J. , Placzek Jeffrey D.
Published: August 2016

The patient was a 61-year-old woman who underwent long-lever manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) for adhesive capsulitis. Two weeks following MUA, the constellation of clinical findings raised concern for possible adverse outcomes. Radiographs were obtained, as well as subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. Images revealed anterior shoulder dislocation with Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions, and an anterior rotator cuff tear.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(8):707. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0412
Effect of Adding McKenzie Syndrome, Centralization, Directional Preference, and Psychosocial Classification Variables to a Risk-Adjusted Model Predicting Functional Status Outcomes for Patients With Lumbar Impairments
Authors: Werneke Mark W. , Edmond Susan , Deutscher Daniel , Ward Jason , Grigsby David , Young Michelle , McGill Troy , McClenahan Brian , Weinberg Jon , Davidow Amy L.
Published: August 2016

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Background

Patient-classification subgroupings may be important prognostic factors explaining outcomes.

Objectives

To determine effects of adding classification variables (McKenzie syndrome and pain patterns, including centralization and directional preference; Symptom Checklist Back Pain Prediction Model [SCL BPPM]; and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire subscales of work and physical activity) to a baseline risk-adjusted model predicting functional status (FS) outcomes.

Methods

Consecutive patients completed a battery of questionnaires that gathered information on 11 risk-adjustment variables. Physical therapists trained in Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy methods classified each patient by McKenzie syndromes and pain pattern. Functional status was assessed at discharge by patient-reported outcomes. Only patients with complete data were included. Risk of selection bias was assessed. Prediction of discharge FS was assessed using linear stepwise regression models, allowing 13 variables to enter the model. Significant variables were retained in subsequent models. Model power (R2) and beta coefficients for model variables were estimated.

Results

Two thousand sixty-six patients with lumbar impairments were evaluated. Of those, 994 (48%), 10 (<1%), and 601 (29%) were excluded due to incomplete psychosocial data, McKenzie classification data, and missing FS at discharge, respectively. The final sample for analyses was 723 (35%). Overall R2 for the baseline prediction FS model was 0.40. Adding classification variables to the baseline model did not result in significant increases in R2. McKenzie syndrome or pain pattern explained 2.8% and 3.0% of the variance, respectively. When pain pattern and SCL BPPM were added simultaneously, overall model R2 increased to 0.44. Although none of these increases in R2 were significant, some classification variables were stronger predictors compared with some other variables included in the baseline model.

Conclusion

The small added prognostic capabilities identified when combining McKenzie or pain-pattern classifications with the SCL BPPM classification did not significantly improve prediction of FS outcomes in this study. Additional research is warranted to investigate the importance of classification variables compared with those used in the baseline model to maximize predictive power.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):726–741. Epub 31 Jul 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6266
Cervicothoracic Manual Therapy Plus Exercise Therapy Versus Exercise Therapy Alone in the Management of Individuals With Shoulder Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mintken Paul E. , McDevitt Amy W. , Cleland Joshua A. , Boyles Robert E. , Beardslee Amber R. , Burns Scott A. , Haberl Matthew D. , Hinrichs Lauren A. , Michener Lori A.
Published: August 2016

Study Design

Multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background

Cervicothoracic manual therapy has been shown to improve pain and disability in individuals with shoulder pain, but the incremental effects of manual therapy in addition to exercise therapy have not been investigated in a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

To compare the effects of cervicothoracic manual therapy and exercise therapy to those of exercise therapy alone in individuals with shoulder pain.

Methods

Individuals (n = 140) with shoulder pain were randomly assigned to receive 2 sessions of cervicothoracic range-of-motion exercises plus 6 sessions of exercise therapy, or 2 sessions of high-dose cervicothoracic manual therapy and range-of-motion exercises plus 6 sessions of exercise therapy (manual therapy plus exercise). Pain and disability were assessed at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 6 months. The primary aim (treatment group by time) was examined using linear mixed-model analyses and the repeated measure of time for the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), the numeric pain-rating scale, and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH). Patient-perceived success was assessed and analyzed using the global rating of change (GROC) and the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), using chi-square tests of independence.

Results

There were no significant 2-way interactions of group by time or main effects by group for pain or disability. Both groups improved significantly on the SPADI, numeric pain-rating scale, and QuickDASH. Secondary outcomes of success on the GROC and PASS significantly favored the manual therapy-plus-exercise group at 4 weeks (P = .03 and P<.01, respectively) and on the GROC at 6 months (P = .04).

Conclusion

Adding 2 sessions of high-dose cervicothoracic manual therapy to an exercise program did not improve pain or disability in patients with shoulder pain, but did improve patient-perceived success at 4 weeks and 6 months and acceptability of symptoms at 4 weeks. More research is needed on the use of cervicothoracic manual therapy for treating shoulder pain.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b. Prospectively registered March 30, 2012 at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01571674). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(8):617–628. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6319
Osteoblastomas of the spine: a comprehensive review
Authors: Galgano Michael A. , Goulart Carlos R. , Iwenofu Hans , Chin Lawrence S. , Lavelle William , Mendel Ehud
Published: August 2016

Osteoblastomas are primary bone tumors with an affinity for the spine. They typically involve the posterior elements, although extension through the pedicles into the vertebral body is not uncommon. Histologically, they are usually indistinguishable from osteoid osteomas. However, there are different variants of osteoblastomas, with the more aggressive type causing more pronounced bone destruction, soft-tissue infiltration, and epidural extension. A bone scan is the most sensitive radiographic examination used to evaluate osteoblastomas. These osseous neoplasms usually present in the 2nd decade of life with dull aching pain, which is difficult to localize. At times, they can present with a painful scoliosis, which usually resolves if the osteoblastoma is resected in a timely fashion. Neurological manifestations such as radiculopathy or myelopathy do occur as well, most commonly when there is mass effect on nerve roots or the spinal cord itself. The mainstay of treatment involves surgical intervention. Curettage has been a surgical option, although marginal excision or wide en bloc resection are preferred options. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are generally not undertaken, although some have advocated their use after less aggressive surgical maneuvers or with residual tumor. In this manuscript, the authors have aimed to systematically review the literature and to put forth an extensive, comprehensive overview of this rare osseous tumor.
Resection of spinal column tumors utilizing image-guided navigation: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Nasser Rani , Drazin Doniel , Nakhla Jonathan , Al-Khouja Lutfi , Brien Earl , Baron Eli M. , Kim Terrence T. , Patrick Johnson J. , Yassari Reza
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

The use of intraoperative stereotactic navigation has become more available in spine surgery. The authors undertook this study to assess the utility of intraoperative CT navigation in the localization of spinal lesions and as an intraoperative tool to guide resection in patients with spinal lesions.

METHODS

This was a retrospective multicenter study including 50 patients from 2 different institutions who underwent biopsy and/or resection of spinal column tumors using image-guided navigation. Of the 50 cases reviewed, 4 illustrative cases are presented. In addition, the authors provide a description of surgical technique with image guidance.

RESULTS

The patient group included 27 male patients and 23 female patients. Their average age was 61 ± 17 years (range 14–87 years). The average operative time (incision to closure) was 311 ± 188 minutes (range 62–865 minutes). The average intraoperative blood loss was 882 ± 1194 ml (range 5–7000 ml). The average length of hospitalization was 10 ± 8.9 days (range 1–36 days). The postoperative complications included 2 deaths (4.0%) and 4 radiculopathies (8%) secondary to tumor burden.

CONCLUSIONS

O-arm 3D imaging with stereotactic navigation may be used to localize lesions intraoperatively with real-time dynamic feedback of tumor resection. Stereotactic guidance may augment resection or biopsy of primary and metastatic spinal tumors. It offers reduced radiation exposure to operating room personnel and the ability to use minimally invasive approaches that limit tissue injury. In addition, acquisition of intraoperative CT scans with real-time tracking allows for precise targeting of spinal lesions with minimal dissection.
Intraoperative neurophysiological mapping and monitoring in spinal tumor surgery: sirens or indispensable tools?
Authors: Scibilia Antonino , Terranova Carmen , Rizzo Vincenzo , Raffa Giovanni , Morelli Adolfo , Esposito Felice , Mallamace Raffaella , Buda Gaetano , Conti Alfredo , Quartarone Angelo , Germanò Antonino
Published: August 2016

Spinal tumor (ST) surgery carries the risk of new neurological deficits in the postoperative period. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and mapping (IONM) represents an effective method of identifying and monitoring in real time the functional integrity of both the spinal cord (SC) and the nerve roots (NRs). Despite consensus favoring the use of IONM in ST surgery, in this era of evidence-based medicine, there is still a need to demonstrate the effective role of IONM in ST surgery in achieving an oncological cure, optimizing patient safety, and considering medicolegal aspects. Thus, neurosurgeons are asked to establish which techniques are considered indispensable. In the present study, the authors focused on the rationale for and the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) of IONM in ST surgery in light of more recent evidence in the literature, with specific emphasis on the role of IONM in reducing the incidence of postoperative neurological deficits. This review confirms the role of IONM as a useful tool in the workup for ST surgery. Individual monitoring and mapping techniques are clearly not sufficient to account for the complex function of the SC and NRs. Conversely, multimodal IONM is highly sensitive and specific for anticipating neurological injury during ST surgery and represents an important tool for preserving neuronal structures and achieving an optimal postoperative functional outcome.
Primary osseous tumors of the pediatric spinal column: review of pathology and surgical decision making
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Eli Ilyas M. , Schmidt Meic H. , Brockmeyer Douglas L.
Published: August 2016

Spinal column tumors are rare in children and young adults, accounting for only 1% of all spine and spinal cord tumors combined. They often present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this article, the authors review the current management of primary osseous tumors of the pediatric spinal column and highlight diagnosis, management, and surgical decision making.