bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of storage in controlled atmosphere on apple fruits quality
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia, Stevanović Snežana
Published: January 2023

Food market is increasingly interested in fresh, unprocessed food products containing no added chemicals. Increasing quantities of food are exported as fresh commodity; therefore, there is a demand for modern postharvest technologies. Fresh fruits continue with metabolic activities after harvest, resulting in continuous loss of fruit compounds, water and gaseous exchanges with surrounding environment through respiration and transpiration. This contributes significantly to postharvest quality loss because of resultant mass, firmness and freshness loss, as well as short shelf life which are the critical parameters determining the competitiveness of fresh produce in the market. One of the successful postharvest technologies used to reduce losses is the modification of the atmosphere, i.e. storage with a controlled atmosphere. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage in controlled atmosphere on quality changes of apple fruits. The regular air storage was used as a control. Soluble solids content, starch, pectin matter, total solid and acids, pH value and firmness were analyzed in fresh and stored apple fruits. The obtained results demonstrated significantly lower changes in analyzed quality parameters of apples stored in controlled atmosphere compared with air stored apples. After 4 months of storage in chamber under regular air, apples had significantly lower firmness than apples stored in controlled atmosphere. In addition, total loss was significantly higher in apples stored under regular air than in controlled atmosphere.
Analysis and calculation of MMRS and primary gas distribution network in urban environment – case study Kučevo
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Madžarević Aleksandar
Published: January 2023

The field of application of natural gas is very wide. As an energy source, it can be used for energy production in power plants, heating plants and cogeneration plants or for meeting various heat needs in industry and mass consumption. Gas can also be used as a raw material in the chemical and petrochemical industries, and during the last decades it has also been used in traffic as a propellant in SUS engines. From an environmental point of view, natural gas is the most acceptable source of energy compared to other fossil fuels. Due to its chemical composition, the combustion of natural gas emits significantly less carbon dioxide per unit of heat produced, there is no ash and no particulate emissions, and sulfur dioxide emissions are negligible. Natural gas is often called the "fuel of the 21st century" because, in addition to environmental advantages, it also has pronounced technical and economic advantages over other conventional fuels. From a technical and economic point of view, the advantages of using gas are low investment costs and price, high degree of utilization, reliability and flexibility of use, easier and safer storage compared to other fossil fuels. This fuel is available throughout the year, and its quality is standardized and guaranteed. Although the world's proven reserves are abundant, the rational management and use of natural gas is extremely important, given the fact that it is a non-renewable energy source. As it is a flammable and explosive mixture, careful handling and odorization of gas is a prerequisite for safe operation in all plants that use this type of fuel in their operational processes. The contribution of gas to increasing the greenhouse effect can also be singled out as a disadvantage. The aim of this paper is to find the optimal shape of the route of the primary distribution network of gas pipelines in the municipality of Kučevo, defining locations and positions of MMRS and MRS, adoption of supporting equipment for MMRS, pipe sizing based on norms and regulations for medium and high-pressure distribution networks. in supplying both current and future consumers.
Analysis of different possibilities for determining tie lines in liquid-liquid equilibria
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Simić Zoran
Published: January 2023

Due to the global trend of increasing environmental pollution, green solvents are being implemented in various branches of the chemical industry to, which would replace standard industrial solvents with harmful characteristics. In order to examine the possibilities of using green solvents, the possibility of appropriate replacement and process design, it is necessary to determine thermodynamic data such as liquid-liquid equilibria, i.e. tie lines in liquid- liquid extraction (LLE), and the corresponding binodal curve. Solubility of components are of great importance for the separation processes (especially for extraction) applied in the chemical industry. Tie lines are a very important thermodynamic data, which are mostly determined by chromatographic analysis depending on the nature of the components in the mixture. Tie lines are mostly determined by chromatographic analysis. Chromatographic analysis is one of the methods that not every laboratory can afford, due to the high cost of the apparatus and high operational costs. In this paper some of the alternative methods for determining tie lines in liquid-liquid equilibria are presented. On the example of the ternary system water+dimethyl adipate+2-propanol, the determination of tie lines via the refractive index and the density of the mixture are shown. These analytical methods are often used in various branches of industry. Based on the obtained results, a mutual comparison of the results obtained through these three methods is performed.
Persepsi Pemustaka Terhadap Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) Sebagai Alat Penelusuran Bahan Pustaka di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Makassar
Authors: Raodhatul  , Ramadayanti Ramadayanti , Marni Marni
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the perception of users towards the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) and the obstacles faced by users in using the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) at the UPT Library of Makassar State University. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach carried out by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation to obtain data related to the research. The informants in this study consisted of 3 librarians and 7 users. The results of this study show that OPAC-INLISLite at the UPT Library of Makassar State University is good, but users still do not understand how to operate the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) as a tool for searching library materials, due to the lack of socialization from librarians so that many users directly visit the bookshelf to get the collection they need. The obstacles faced by users are that the network is not supportive causes the search for library materials to be hampered, the user's lack of understanding of search techniques so that the collection sought is limited and librarians have not fully input books into the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).

Abstrak

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi pemustaka terhadap Online Public Access Cataloge (OPAC) serta kendala yang di hadapi oleh pemustaka dalam menggunakan Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Makassar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi untuk mendapatkan data-data yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 pustakawan dan 7 pemustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa OPAC-INLISLite di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Makassar sudah bagus, akan tetapi pemustaka masih kurang memahami cara mengoperasikan Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) sebagai alat penelusuran bahan pustaka, karena kurangnya sosialisasi dari pustakawan sehingga banyak pemustaka yang langsung mengunjungi ke rak buku untuk mendapatkan koleksi yang mereka butuhkan. Adapun kendala yang di hadapi pemustaka yaitu jaringan yang kurang mendukung menyebabkan penelusuran bahan pustaka terhambat, kurangnya pemahaman pemustaka tentang teknik penelusuran sehingga koleksi yang dicari terbatas dan pustakawan belum sepenuhnya menginput buku ke dalam Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).
Covid-19’un enerji piyasasına etkisinin BIST 100’de en çok kazandıran beş enerji hisse senedi üzerinden değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALP Cemile , BAHAR Ozan , PEKMEZCİ Aytaç
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışma, 2021 ‘in son çeyreğinde TL’nin aşırı değer kaybı ve Türkiye'nin enerji bakımından dışa bağlı oluşu dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada enerji piyasasındaki BIST100’de artış trendine sahip AKSEN, ENERJİSA, ZOREN, NATEN ve AKSUE hisselerinin Dolar, Euro, Altın ve Covıd-19 vaka sayısı arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada ADF (Genişletilmiş Dikey Fuller) ve Phillips – Perron Birim Kök Testleri ile değişkenlerin durağanlık seviyeleri belirlenmiştir, değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin tespiti için Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi ve değişkenler arasında kısa dönemli ilişkinin tespiti için de Granger Nedensellik testlerinden VECM ve UVAR kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda NATEN, ZOREN ve AKSEN hisse senetlerinin ele alınan değişkenlerle arasında uzun dönem ilişkisinin olmadığı ENJSA ve AKSUE hisse senetlerinin ise değişkenlerle arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Yapılan Granger Nedensellik testleri sonucunda kısa dönemli ilişkilerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sadece AKSEN hisse senedi için yapılan nedensellik analizinde kısa dönemli bir ilişkinin olmadığı saptanmıştır.
ضرورة الحوار المستمد من القرآن لإصلاح المجتمع الإسلامي المعاصر
Authors: Hilu al-Jabouri Muhammad Khalaf Saleh
Published: January 2023

الحمد لله رب العالمين ، والصلاة والسلام على رسوله الأمين ... وبعد :
فإنَّ المجتمع الإسلامي يحتاج في هذه الظروف العصيبة التي يمر بها من التناحر والشحناء والتفرق إلى حوار مستمد من كتاب الله تعالى، بأسلوب معاصر لا يخرج في جوهره عن الأسلوب القرآني الذي يُعد هو الأصل في نجاة الأمة من كل ما تعانيه ، ولذا فقد كتبت هذا البحث الذي أسميته : (ضرورة الحوار المستمد من القرآن لإصلاح المجتمع الإسلامي المعاصر)، ويتضمن هذا البحث مقدمة وأربعة مباحث :
المبحث الأول: الحوار في اللغة والاصطلاح، وخصائص الحوار القرآني ، وأساليبه .
المبحث الثاني: آداب الحوار التي اعتمدها القرآن الكريم في توجيه الأجيال.
المبحث الثالث: أنواع الحوارات في القرآن ونتائجها .
المبحث الرابع: مسلك القرآن في الاصلاح عن طريق الحوار ، ونتائجه.
ثم أتبعت ذلك بخاتمة بيَّنت فيها ما توصل إليه هذا البحث من نتائج ، ومن أهمها:

إنَّ معنى الحوار هو النقاش بإرجاع الكلام بين طرفين أو أكثر .
إنَّ الذي يُلاحظ على كثير ممن ينتسبون إلى الإسلام أنه ليس لديهم المعرفة بما ورد في دستورهم العظيم من أساليب التحاور فيما بينهم ، أو مع غيرهم مع أنه توجد مسالك كثيرة لهذا الحوار وردت في ثنايا السور والآيات الكريمة.
إنَّ هنالك كثيراً من الحوارات وردت في القرآن منها ما ورد بين أهل الجنة وأهل النار ، ومنها ما ورد بين بين أهل الايمان من جهة وبين أهل الشرك والمبتدعين والمكذبين من جهة أخرى، ومنها ما ورد بين الله سبحانه وتعالى وبين ابليس لعنه الله ، وغيرها كثير.
إنَّ القرآن الكريم قد راعى كل موقف بما يناسبه من أساليب الحوار ببيان يدلل على مدى الاعجاز البياني فيه.

ثم أتبعت ذلك بقائمة الهوامش ، وقائمة المصادر والمراجع ...ومن الله التوفيق.
مرجعية الذائقة العربية في فهم الخطاب الاستشراقي (محمود شاكر أنموذجاً)
Authors: Hussein Ibrahim Salih
Published: January 2023

إنّ (استخلاص الذائقة العربية الأصلية) يمثل أحد أهم ركائز الخطاب الانعكاسي في مشروع العلامة محمود محمد شاكر الفكري ذلك المشروع الفريد الذي واجه به أبو فهر الخطر الاستشراقي على ثقافتنا وآدابنا وتأريخنا، إذ تشغل فكرة التذوق الأدبي مساحة واسعة في فكر محمود شاكر فهو يطرح هذه الفكرة لكون التذوق الأصيل محكاً خطيراً به نستطيع أن نتبيّن أهلية من يخوض في ثقافة الأمة وتراثها من المستشرقين أولاً، وممن يتبعهم من العرب، وذلك أن الثقافة العربية تواجه خطراً من داخل أسوارها لا من خارجها فحسب.
إن قضية الشك في الشعر الجاهلي كان ولم يزل من أسخن القضايا وأخطرها على الهوية العربية، فكان أن واجهها العلامة محمود شاكر على أنها تمس كيان الأمة الاسلامية، وأنها تتضمن شكاً بالقرآن الكريم وثوابت الاسلام أيضاً، ولهذا تسلّح خطابه بقضية الأصالة في محاولة منه للتصدي لهذه الفكرة التي أخذت تتغلغل إلى جسد الثقافة العربية المعاصرة، وإلا فقد تبنته أقلام عربية سارت على خطا المستشرقين.
     إن الأمة تواجه في كل عصر حملة تهدد هويتها وتحاول زعزعة ثوابتها، ولهذا كان الخطر الاستشراقي على كيان الأمة تُذكر أبا فهر بالخطر الشعوبي في العصور القديمة، ولعل هذا يفسر لنا اقتراب مسألة التذوق عند أبي فهر من فكرة (البيان) عند الجاحظ، وعندئذٍ فهو يستدعيها ويدعو في الوقت ذاتهِ إلى أن نتبناها لكي نستعيد بها ذاتنا المغيّبة.
الابعاد السلمية في تعامل الرسول محمد () مع كفار قريش وأهل الذمة
Authors: Zidan Sufyan Jade
Published: January 2023

يعد دين الإسلام دين السلمية والاعتدال، وهذا ما أظهره رسول الله محمد (r) مع المسلمين أو غيرهم، إذ أظهر أروع صور التعامل السلمي مع سكان قريش، وتحمل اذاهم، وكان غايته الأولى هو انتشار الإسلام، كما نهى النبي (r) عن الاعتداء على أعراض مخالفيه من المشركين، بل تعامل معهم بأخلاق عالية.
ومن صور الأبعاد السلمية والتسامح والتآخي والتقارب بين المسلمين وأهل الذمة في المدينة المنورة أنهم كانوا يعملون سوياً بالتجارة والصناعة والزراعة والرعي والصيد والاحتطاب، وكانوا يسكنون على هيأة قرى أو حصون تحيط بها البساتين والأراضي المزروعة في أرض الإسلام ولهم كامل الحقوق مثل المسلمين
سعى النبي محمد (r) الى عقد معاهدات بين المسلمين وغير المسلمين، ومن ذلك وضع الصحيفة التي تضمنت الخطوات الأولى لدستور المدينة المنورة الذي سعى من ورائه تنظيم الشؤون الاجتماعية لساكن المدينة المنورة من المسلمين وغير المسلمين، وإبرام عقود المؤاخاة بين المسلمين أنفسهم (الانصار والمهاجرين)، وعقود الموادعة بين المسلمين واليهود.
يدعو الدين الإسلامي إلى المحبة والخير الشامل في الدنيا والآخرة لجميع المخلوقات على حد سواء، وحتى من يرفض دين الإسلام طريقاً للنجاة في الآخرة دون أن يعادي دين الإسلام أو يظلم المسلمين ولا يساند من يظلمهم فإن دين الإسلام يجعل حسن المعاملة هي القاعدة في التعامل معه، كما يحث دين الإسلام على التعاون والمودة مع غير المسلمين لتحقيق المصالح المشتركة في الحياة الدنيا ما لم يكن لهذا التعاون أثر سلبي على سعادة المسلم في الحياة الأخرة.
كتلة العمل الوطني المغربية 1934- 1937
Authors: Al-Mashaykhi Ali Khudeir Abbas
Published: January 2023

تحتل دراسة كتلة العمل الوطني في المغرب أهمية خاصة، لأنَّها تمثل الانطلاقة السياسية الاولى للكفاح المنظم للشعب المغربي ضد السيطرة الفرنسية منذ اعلان الحماية عام 1912 وحتى الاستقلال عام 1956 . ذلك الكفاح الذى جاء تتويجا للكفـــاح العسكري الذي اعتمده المغاربة للدفاع عن انفسهم خلال الفترات التاريخية التــــي تعرض فيها المغرب للغزو والاحتلال .
لكن النكسة التي خلفها استسلام عبد الكريم الخطابي بعد التعاون الاسباني الفرنسي ونفيّه الى الخارج ، تركت تأثيرا سلبيا في النفوس ، ادرك ازاءه المغاربة  بضرورة استمرار المقاومة العسكرية في الاطلس  ،  والتفكير ببديل آخر يساير المرحلة الجديدة فنشأت حركة وطنية تبنت العمل السلمي ولم تراهن على العمل العسكري .
 وفي ظل هذه الظروف نشأت كتلة العمل الوطني المغربية عام 1934 منطلقةً من مفهوم ربط المقاومة المسلحة بفكرة الحركة الوطنية والدفاع عن الوطن بطريقة سلمية . وهكذا انطلق الشعب المغربي للكفاح من اجل الاستقلال واستكمال الوحدة الترابية عــــن طريق مجموعة من الوسائل ابرزها الجرائد والمجلات ، وبناء المدارس الحرة والفـــرق الموسيقية ، والاحتفال بعيد العرش للتعبير عن مدى ارتباطه بالمؤسسة .
وهنا لابد من الاشارة إلى أنَّ كتابة تاريخ الكتلة  في ظل الظروف التي ولدت فيها من الأُمور الشديدة التعقيد ، لارتباط جزء كبير من الحاضر السياسي بهــذه الفترة الزمنية . وبالتالي فقد اختلف الباحثون في تقييم المرحلة ، لاسيما المغاربة ، بسبب الشعور بالذاتية والانتماء السياسي ، حتى صار مــن الصعب تحديد المفهوم الحقيقي للحركة الوطنية ، ومن هنا جاءت أهمية البحث . ومن الله التوفيق .
جهود محمد محمود الصواف في قضايا الأمة 1967-1973
Authors: Mohamed al dabbagh Eman abdulhmeed
Published: January 2023

أدت المملكة العربية السعودية دوراً أساسياً في الوقوف أمام التحديات الفكرية التي واجهت العالم الإسلامي بإطلاقها مشروع وفكرة التضامن الإسلامي بين الشعوب الإسلامية, والسعي إلى توحيدها وتصحيح معتقداتها وقيمها وسلوكها, متوسلة في سبيل تحقيق هدفها وسائل عدة كان من بينها إرسال الدعاة والعلماء الفاعلين والقادرين على التغيير, لنشر رسالة المبادئ الإنسانية والقيم الحضارية, وهي الرسالة ذاتها التي حملت فكرة الأخذ والعطاء مع الشعوب الأخرى, فضلاً عن إنها رسالة قائمة على المرونة في إقامة العلاقات مع الغير, سواء كانت تلك الدول إسلامية أو غير إسلامية, وكان محمد محمود الصواف احد الدعاة الذين مثلوا مشروعها أفريقيا وشمالها وجنوب شرق أسيا للمدة من عام 1967 وحتى عام 1973, وقد نجح الصواف في إزالة العديد من المعوقات الفكرية والثقافية والدينية التي وقفت عثرة أمام توحيد المسلمين هناك وتجمعهم, وقد أثرت طبيعة خطابه المتزن بشكل كبير في تلك البعثات لأنها لامست واقع المجتمعات التي زارها, وجعلته اقدر على تحقيق التفاهم والحوار الجاد فيما بينه وبين المسلمين وغيرهم.
حركات الاسلام السياسي في المغرب " حزب العدالة والتنمية إنموذجا"
Authors: Hamad Waleed msahir , Alwan Dhahir abdullah
Published: January 2023

مفهوم الاسلام السياسي أو مفاهيمه المقاربة  في أحيان كثيرة يستحضر في الذهن الجماعات الدينية المتطرفة و يقتصر عليها حصراً  في حين ان الاسلام السياسي في حقيقته يشمل قطاعاً عريضاً من التيار الديني الاسلامي  يمتد من وسط اليسار الى اقصى اليمين،  اما تجرية حزب العدالة والتنمية المغربي فهي تعد نموذجا مختلفا عن بقية الأحزاب والحركات الاسلامية العربية في مرحلة ما يسمى بالربيع العربي " ، ولعل طبيعة النظام الملكي في المغرب كان لها التأثير في الاستراتيجية التي تعاطي بها الحزب مع الثورات العربية، فالحزب كشأن بقية الأحزاب السياسية باستثناء جماعة " العدل والإحسان " يعترف بشرعية المؤسسة الملكية ولذلك لم يكن الخيار الثوري مطروحا على أجندة حزب " العدالة والتنمية " عندما بدأت الثورات العربية وإنما كان الاصلاح هو البديل الذي يطرحه الحزب في بياناته وتصريح قياداته.
أثر برنامج ترويحي لخفض الإدمان على الأنترنيت لطلبة المرحلة الإعدادية
Authors: Majeed Al-Hamdani Ibtisam Abdul Hamid
Published: January 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي بناء برنامج ترويحي لخفض الإدمان على الأنترنيت, وقد طبق البحث على طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية في مركز محافظة صلاح الدين للعام الدراسي(2018 -2019) تألفت عينة تطبيق البرنامج من (60) طالباً من الذين أظهروا ارتفاعاً في الإدمان على الأنترنيت.
    تكون البرنامج من (12) جلسة عرضت على مجموعة من الخبراء في مجال التربية وعلم النفس واتفق معظم الخبراء على صلاحية البرنامج الترويحي بعد إجراء التعديلات التي اقترحوها, وطبق البرنامج على أفراد المجموعة التجريبية في الكورس الأول للعام الدراسي 2018 -2019, بعد ذلك طبقت الباحثة مقياس الإدمان على الأنترنيت على أفراد المجموعتين لغرض التحقق من أثر البرنامج الترويحي, واستخدمت الباحثة الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة  للتوصل للنتائج التي أظهرت أثر البرنامج الترويحي في خفض الإدمان على الأنترنيت لدى أفراد المجموعة التجريبية، وقدمت الباحثة عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
Difficulties Faced by EFL First Year University Students in Using Noun Derivational Affixes
Authors: Salih Ibrahim Khalaf
Published: January 2023

This study is conducted to measure the difficulties faced by EFL first year university students in using noun derivational affixes. The sample of this study consists of forty males and female EFL first year students. An Achievement test has been conducted to be the tool of the study.  The results showed that the gender does not have a big difference in the results and that the mean of the results of students’ scores is 50.60, which shows that students face difficulties in using Noun Deviational Affixes and the should be trained more and more to have mastery on using the derivational affixes.
Christina Rossetti as an Individualist Woman Poet
Authors: Darraji Afaf Hafedh Shakir
Published: January 2023

Christina Rossetti is a prominent English woman poet. She is one of the members of the pre- Raphaelites movement of art and poetry. Her poetry is known to be devotional, subtle and addresses children. However the paper aims at investigating the poet's uniqueness in poetry and how her poetry is different from Victorian and the pre- Raphaelites poetry. The paper also hypothesizes the potentially of the existence of feminist themes in Rossetti's poetry. To attain its objectives the paper analyses six poems and contextualizes these poems to gain an utmost understanding. The poems to be analyzed are: "Goblin Market", which is a long narrative poem and five other poems "Winter My Secret", "An Apple Gathering", "The Prince's Progress", "Repining", and "The Royal Princess". Feminism is the theory used to analyze the chosen texts. Throughout analysing the chosen poem the paper concludes that Christina Rossetti is a feminist. She was highly aware of the critical conditions of women at her time and she manifests that in her poems. Nevertheless she aim at subverting the patriarchal system via: suggesting the possibility of women economic and emotional independence, women's solidarity, and sharing experiences via story telling that create new feminist awareness.
Trauma as a Provocative Pattern in Restoring and Rebuilding the Identities of Characters in Lan Cao’s Monkey Bridge
Authors: Hassoon Ahmed Khalid
Published: January 2023

The current paper attempts to identify the theoretical aspects of the post-traumatic stress disorder upon the characters in Lan Cao’s Monkey Bridge. It endeavors to examine the characters’ possibilities to restore their identities by remembering their past myths and homelands. Throughout analyzing the thematic and formal representations of experiences of the war trauma, it raises the questions of whether those traumatized individuals can formulate their personalities to incorporate to the new homeland. It examines the individuals’ behaviors that are portrayed throughout the process of digressive narration to explore the effect of the traumatic experiences of war upon their personalities, and recognize their different responding. It aims at adopting  specific cultural methods to reconstruct the characters’ personalities in their conformation of trauma and re-building new identities by acclimating new language and values.
Buddhism and Imperial States in Medieval China
Authors: Markhanova Tatiana Fridrikhovna
Published: January 2023

The subject of the study is Buddhism in the context of the state system of medieval Chinese society. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the place of Buddhism in the traditional Chinese concept of government, as well as in the context of studying the general parameters of the functioning and interaction of religious and secular institutions of government. Special attention is paid to the relationship between the state and Buddhism in medieval China on the example of the analysis of Hui Yuan's polemical treatise "Shamen Bujing wangzhe lun" 沙門 不敬 王者 論 ( A treatise on monks who do not honor the ruler) As a unique monument in the history of ideological thought in China, the main conclusions of the study are that Buddhism was actively used in the politics of the medieval states of China, but it never managed to subdue the state, but on the contrary, it itself turned into an auxiliary means of government. The analysis of Hui Yuan's treatise "Shamen bujing wangzhe lun" was made for the first time" 沙門 不敬 王者 論 ( A treatise on monks who do not honor the ruler). Hui Yuan tried to prove to the Chinese authorities the Sangha's right to autonomy. The treatise provides a theoretical justification for the autonomy of the Buddhist community, Hui Yuan even managed to convince opponents to preserve the monastic sangha's right to independent governance, but Buddhist monasticism in subsequent eras could not maintain its position in imperial China.
Problematika Pemeriksaan Terdakwa di Pengadilan Tanpa Dampingan Penasehat Hukum
Authors: Fadhil Moh. , Ghiffary Mochammad Imam
Published: January 2023

Prinsip Miranda Rules merupakan prinsip fundamental yang imperatif sifatnya di dalam prosedur peradilan pidana. Prinsip tersebut melekat pada hak-hak tersangka atau terdakwa sebagai bagian dari manusia seutuhnya. Salah satu yang menjadi bagian dari prinsip tersebut adalah adanya hak tersangka atau terdakwa untuk didampingi oleh penasehat hukum yang dibarengi dengan kewajiban penegak hukum untuk menyediakan akses bantuan hukum sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 56 KUHAP. Namun, implementasi pasal 56 KUHAP belum sepenuhnya ditegakkan. Salah satunya di Pengadilan Negeri Sungguminasa melalui Putusan Nomor 03/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sgm yang di dalamnya menyebutkan bahwa terdakwa tidak didampingi oleh penasehat hukum. oleh karena itu penelitian ini ingin mengungkapkan problematika terdakwa di dalam putusan tersebut tidak didampingi oleh penasehat hukum selama proses persidangan berlangsung. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ingin mengungkap faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terdakwa tidak didampingi oleh penasehat hukum. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah penggabungan antara penelitian yuridis normatif dan penelitian yuridis empiris. Sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menganalisisnya secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa terdakwa berdasarkan perkara a quo tidak didampingi oleh penasehat hukum dikarenakan terdakwa menolak didampingi oleh penasehat hukum sehingga Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Sungguminasa merasa kewajiban Pasal 56 KUHAP menjadi gugur. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keadaan terdakwa tidak didampingi oleh penasehat hukum adalah terbitnya SP2DPH sejak saat penyidikan berlangsung, pemahaman konotatif terdakwa mengenai penasehat hukum, kekuatan daya mengikat norma di dalam Pasal 56 KUHAP rendah, kurangnya koordinasi antara Pengadilan dengan Posbakum, pandangan aparat penegak hukum yang masih memandang inferior profesi advokat.
Relevansi Qawā’id Fiqhiyyah dalam Merespons Persoalan Baru Hukum Ekonomi di Indonesia Perspektif DSN-MUI
Authors: Hatoli Hatoli
Published: January 2023

Menurut jumhur ulama, kaidah-kaidah fikih (qawā’id fiqhiyyah)  merupakan kunci berpikir dalam pengembangan dan seleksi hukum fikih. Dengan bantuan qawā’id fiqhiyyah semakin tampak jelas semua permasalahan hukum baru yang tumbuh ditengah-tengah masyarakat dapat ditampung oleh syariat Islam dan dengan mudah serta cepat dapat dipecahkan permasalahannya, sehingga tidak menjadi berlarut-larut tanpa kepastian hukum. Menurut sebagian ulama, kurangnya perhatian terhadap qawā’id fiqhiyyah termasuk salah satu penyebab keterbelakangan fikih. Maka apabila qawā’id fiqhiyyah (kaidah-kaidah fikih) muncul sebagai argumen dalam suatu ijtihad atau fatwa, seperti fatwa DSN-MUI maka berarti di situ sedang digunakan  hujjah maslahah yang berarti pula konsep maqāsid al-Syarī’ah (tujuan syariat) sedang diberdayakan dan dihidupkan di sana. Namun faktanya, dari 66 fatwa yang telah dikeluarkan oleh DSN-MUI (2008-2019), kaidah-kaidah fikih yang dimuat di dalam fatwa-fatwanya terlalu sedikit bahkan terdapat fatwa yang tidak menggunakan kaidah fikih sama sekali. Hal seperti ini dapat mengandung resiko ketidaktuntasan kajian, sehingga menghasilkan fatwa yang tidak tuntas pula, maka ini berarti tujuan kemaslahatan dari fatwa DSN-MUI tidak akan tercapai secara maksimal bahkan terkesan adanya pemaksaan diri dalam merespons perkembangan baru isu ekonomi.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pola deskriptif yang menggambarkan konsep, mekanisme dan relevansi qawā’id fiqhiyyah dalam formulasi fatwa-fatwa DSN-MUI sebagai dasar dalam menjawab persoalan baru hukum ekonomi di Indonesia. Materi penelitian ini diperdalam dengan cara melakukan konfirmasi secara langsung kepada pihak yang terlibat dalam pembuatan  fatwa serta mencari data-data otentik yang terdapat pada DSN-MUI. Fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh DSN-MUI adalah semata-mata untuk menjawab tantangan zaman, khususnya regulasi tentang sistem perekonomian Islam di Indonesia yang dalam formulasi fatwanya memuat kaida-kaidah fikih. Relevansi kaidah fikih dalam suatu fatwa hanyalah sekedar pelengkap suatu fatwa (mu’ayyidun), bukan hal yang wajib ada dalam suatu fatwa (mustaqillun). Yang pokok adalah Al-Quran dan Hadits. Tetapi untuk memberikan penjelasan secara gamblang, maka kaidah-kaidah yang sifatnya operasional dan implementatif (tatbīqī), maka dicantumkanlah kaidah tersebut dalam suatu fatwa agar memberikan kemudahan kepada pembaca dalam memahami suatu persoalan baru.
Legalization of Pre-Marriage Agreement Pandhābā from Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Hosen Hosen , Faizi Moh.
Published: January 2023

The pre-marriage pandhābā legalization in Bakeong Village, Guluk-Guluk, Sumenep is a procession of efforts to free a pandhābā child from bad luck and all forms of distress in his life which are carried out before the marriage ceremony procession. There are two objectives in this research; first, to find out the procession of implementing the tradition, and the second how was the view of Islamic law on the tradition. The research used a normative-qualitative approach with a type of case studies. Collecting data through unstructured interviews, non-participant observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using deductions, presentations and conclusions deductively. Data sources were from people who understood and were directly involved in the implementation, and from other records relating to the object of research. The research results were, firstly; In the pandhābā legalization procession there were several stages, such as attributes (sesajen) to be used, rasolan and khatmil Qur`ān, and bathing the pandhābā children with the water of seven wells and campoan mixed with flowers. Second; this research of Islamic law toward the tradition is not found any deviation. Even this tradition can be said to be sunnah to do, because it was full of Islamic teachings such as alms and pray together.
Absolute Competency Problems in Settlement of Mortgage Rights Execution Disputes of Islamic Banking in Religious Courts
Authors: Riyyano Ricky
Published: January 2023

Banking activities, especially credit/financing transactions, apart from the existence of trust between creditors and debtors, also require guarantees that have a high liquidity value in the form of material guarantees and individual guarantees. The District Court does not have the authority to resolve sharia economic disputes in any form, including the execution of the object of mortgage rights in Islamic banking which has issued Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012. If the ruling or decision issued by the district court is related to implementation the object of mortgage rights in sharia banking, then the stipulation or decision is not valid, this is because there is no regulation between the old law and the new law. This research used a normative juridical approach which was carried out through analysis obtained from library materials linked to statutory regulations and the concept of legal experts as the basis for research. The result of this research was that harmonization emphasized more on equating perceptions of the implied meaning without making editorial changes. Reconstruction of norms, including improving old laws or making new laws by changing the editorial staff of articles that still contain contradictions.
Clearing Mechanism in Sharia Banking According to Al-Ghozali and Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi Thoughts
Authors: Arifin Bustanul
Published: January 2023

This research intended to look at the clearing mechanism in the viewpoint of classical and contemporary Islamic thought that in Islamic law the clearing is identical to term “wakalah” (granting power of attorney) because in wakalah, the customer authorized the bank to represent himself to perform certain service work with various mechanisms stated in the Regulation of Bank Indonesia. An important issue in this paper contained philosophical aspects of the clearing application in sharia banking. This research was reviewed by qualitative method with library research with philosophical approach. The results obtained as follows: The thoughts of Al-Ghozali and Muhammad Najetullah As-Shiddiqy were said to be relevant to the clearing mechanisms in sharia banking today. With the maslahah (welfare) concept of Al-Ghozali, which was the core of some of the five basic objectives (religion, life, response/reason, descendants and property). The concept of maslahah (welfare) for the community welfare, the clearing mechanism used in conventional banks can be used in Sharia banking by having wakalah agreement. While the neoclassical approach (a combination of the new model and the classic model), Muhammad Najetulloh As-Shiddiqy, in which although there was a new method, he still used the old method without erasing all the results of the analysis of the previous figures. Therefore, this approach can also be said to be relevant to the clearing mechanism in sharia banking.
The Temettok Tradition at Walimatul Ursy According to Aceh Ulama and Traditional Assembly (MAA)
Authors: Syam Syafruddin , Syahputra Akmaluddin , Dasri Dasri
Published: January 2023

The temettok tradition in the context of law is basically permissible, but in its journey, this shift in tradition has undergone significant changes, especially in the essence of this tradition itself, which is a tradition built on the principles of ta'awun and mutual cooperation, but shifts to economic values ​​that are demanded its citizens to bear expenses which in principle were like debt. This research aimed to find out how the Temettok tradition at walimatul ursy according to Aceh Ulama Traditional Assembly (MAA). The approach used in this research was to use a qualitative approach. The results of this research indicated that first, The tradition of recording Temettok money when the walimatul ursy in Aceh Singkil Regency had two percentages, the first is the Cinendang river, which was estimated to have existed since 1985. The two Sungkhaya rivers were thought to have existed since 1956. So, this Temettok tradition held at the time of the walimah to be precise on the last day. Second, The Temettok tradition, in the view of Aceh Ulama and Traditional Assembly (MAA), allowed this tradition by reason of the principle of fiqh “a custom can be made into law”, besides that the Temettok tradition was also in the form of a grant, not a debt, because if a debt was owed, the law was haram, because tradition might not conflict with Islamic law. Thret, After analyzing more deeply based on the verses of the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, that the Temettok tradition was classified as ‘urf Sahih, because, this urf applied in general, it did not contradict Islamic law, the gift was in the form of a grant. So apart from that, if it was seen from the social side, the Temettok tradition at the time the walimah put forward help, strengthened ties, strengthened ukhuwah and the Temettok tradition was well known in the community.
Contextualization of the Law of Marrying Adultery on Married by Accident Phenomenon in the Hadith History of Imam Abu Dawud
Authors: Nasrulloh Nasrulloh , Nabila Farhanah Az Zahrowani , Al Kaswy Titi Rusydiyati
Published: January 2023

This article contains the legal contextualization of marrying adulterers on the emergence of the phenomenon Married by Accident in Indonesia with the hadith in Sunan Abu Dawud number 2052. The discussion regarding the quality of the hadith in Sunan Abu Dawud number 2052 in its use as evidence (hujjah) and how is the correlation between the meaning of the hadith and the contextualization of the rules of marrying an adulterer in the phenomenon of married by accident is interesting to discuss seeing the position of hadith as a muttafaq source in addressing all of the problems in human life. The method used in this study is a fiqh-hadith approach using takhrij hadith. The results obtained show that the quality of the hadith prohibiting adulterous marriage on Sunan Abu Dawud number 2052 can be categorized as authentic hadith and can be used as evidence (hujjah) in the legal decision (istinbath) of marriying adulterers. Meanwhile, the meaning analysis of this hadith correlated with the Married by accident phenomenon can be known that the law of marrying an adulterer is permitted by consider the benefit in it.
The Problems of the Independence of Judicial Power in Indonesia in a Review of Islamic Law
Authors: Agustian Tomi , Salim Choirul
Published: January 2023

Article 24 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution "Judicial power is an independent power to administer justice to uphold law and justice". Will However, Article 24A paragraph 3 makes a provision that candidates for Supreme Court judges are proposed by the Judicial Commission to the DPR for approval and subsequently appointed as Supreme Court justices by the president and the Supreme Court Law states that the appointment of Supreme Court Judges is carried out by the President at the proposal of the DPR or the dismissal of the Chair, Deputy Chairperson. , Junior Chairmen, and Member Judges of the Supreme Court are dismissed by the President at the suggestion of the Supreme Court, so that the President has loopholes that can later affect the psyche of judges in making decisions. This study aims to determine the independence of judicial power in Indonesia in the perspective of Islamic law. This study uses a normative and juridical approach. The authors conclude that the proposal for the appointment and dismissal of Supreme Court judges by the Judicial Commission, the DPR and the President may affect the psychology of a judge in making a decision so that This can eliminate the meaning of Article 24 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution which shows the lack of independence of the judicial power in upholding justice in accordance with the ideals of the 1945 Constitution. Indeed, in the history of the Islamic judiciary, it is the Caliph (President) who has the authority to appoint and dismiss a judge/qhadi. judges have a fear of Allah so that judges decide cases based on Islamic law.
IttiḥᾹd Al-Majlis on Marriage Contract According to Hanafiyah and Syafi'iyah (The Study of Online Marriage During Covid-19)
Authors: Harahap Khairuddin Soleh , Qorib Ahmad , Yazid Imam
Published: January 2023

Ittiḥād al-majlis is one of the terms in the discussion of the marriage contract. Hanafiyah and Syafi’iyah differ in the ittiḥād al-majlis. This disference has implications for its application in implementation of online marriage contracts during the covid-19 pandemic. Analysis of the methodology for determining the law is important to study because there has been an online marriage in the city of Medan during the Covid-19 outbreak. This paper aims to explain how the rules of the Hanafiyah and Syafi’iyah schools in understanding ittiḥād al-majlis, and how the law of online marriage during the Covid-19 pandemic according to Hanafiyah and Syafi’iyah. This paper is a normative legal study, which examines the legal rules applied in the Hanafiyah and Syafi’iyah schools. The theory of ushul fiqh, namely how the rules are applied by these two schools to determine the meaning of a word. This study found that: First, Hanafiyah and Syafi’iyah have strong argument in giving the meaning of the majlis. Second, Hanafiyah interprets majlis as a word that indicates time, so that the unity of the place is not a condition for the validity of the marriage contract. As for Syafi’iyah, majlis is a word that indicates time and place, so the marriage contract must be in one place, where if the unity of the place is not fulfilled, then the marriage is invalid
The Effectiveness of Religious Affairs Office Role of Deli Serdang Regency in Implementing Sakinah Family Guidance Services
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Marpaung Watni , Siagian Abdul Hakim
Published: January 2023

Research thesis is The Effectiveness of the Role of Religious Office of the District Deli Serdang in Implementing Sakinah Family Guidance Service (Study of Anlysis of High Divorce Rates in Deli Serdang Regency. Type of this research is qualitativ, with normative and empirical approach. The primary source in this research is the regulation of the Minister of Religion of the Republic Indonesia Number 34 of 2016, article 3. The results of observations, documentation and the result of interview with several informants Sub-Distric Role Religious Office and community in Deli Serdang Regency. Research result: The effectiveness of the role the sub-district Religious Affairs Office in Deli Serdang Regency in implementing sakinah family guidance services. In general, the sakinah family guidance services carried otu by the Religious Affairs Office in Deli Serdang Regency have been carried out well and effectively in accordance with the amant of the Regulation of the Mininster of Religion of Republic Indonesia Number 34 of 2016, article 3 regarding guidance of the sakinah family, maximum support is needed form the partisipant. Government to implement regulations related to the guidance of sakinah families, increase the period of implementation of activities, provision of facilities and sufficient funds, as well as adequate staff.
The Urgency of Mediation of the Religious Courts System on Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Dharmayani Dharmayani , Hermanto Agus , Hidayat Iman Nur , Rakhmat Rakhmat , Setiawan Agus
Published: January 2023

Mediation is a Religious Court facility to resolve disputes outside the court; however, it is often found that the phenomenon of cases that have not been completed from the handling of mediation, for example, in family law disputes, is divorce. What is interesting to study is, what is the role and position of mediation in the Religious Courts? This paper aims to describe and analyze the role and function of mediation in the religious court environment, with the type of qualitative research in the form of library research. The conclusion of this study is that the court has carried out the mediation process with the position of the judge as a mediator. In contrast, the judge is the main role as well as the policymaker, so it becomes a very difficult task to be able to resolve cases outside the court plus, a case that has been entered into court are cases that have been screened through family, community and even customary approaches, and did not visit thoroughly and then refer to the court, what is often the problem is that the mediator who has been the judge, while the judge has a dual role, namely adjudicating and concurrently being a mediator
The Role of the Namora Natoras Mandailing Traditional Institutions in Forced Marriage in Affairs Cases
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Idris , Adly Muhammad Amar , Nurcahaya Nurcahaya
Published: January 2023

Forced marriage has no legitimacy in Indonesian marriage law, and is instead categorized as a crime of sexual violence. However, these forms of forced marriage are still common, especially in the case of adultery, as happened in Mandailing, and gain legitimacy from its customary institutions. The purpose of this article is to describe how the role and perception of Namora Natoras in forcing an adulterer's marriage to the principle of consent of the bride and groom. This juridical-empirical research was conducted by collecting data through interviews and other secondary data. The data was processed qualitatively by using content analysis. The results show that Namora Natoras plays an effective role as a customary justice institution in cases of forced marriage in adultery cases, in order to fill the legal vacuum. In Namora Natoras' perception, forcing an adulterer to marry an adulteress is a customary sanction, as an effort to find a balance of nature and provide a deterrent effect, preventing children from being born out of wedlock, a form of repentance, and a form of protection for women to avoid worse perceptions from society. Namora Natoras is of the view that forcing adulterers to marry is more beneficial than upholding the principle of consent of the bride and groom in this case in order to protect the rights of women and children
Muhammad Syahrur's Thoughts on Inheritance from the Maqasid Al-Shari’ah Perspective and Hermeneutics
Authors: Sedayu Rahmat Agung
Published: January 2023

Muhammad Syahrur is a phenomenal figure who can present a contemporary reading model packaged with hudud theory. Through his hudud, inheritance is hududullah which has al-Hadd al-'Ala wa al-Hadd al-'Adna (maximum and minimum limits). The maximum limit for boys is two girls, and the minimum limit for girls is one boy. The purpose of this article is to assess Muhammad Syahrur's thoughts on inheritance using two approaches, namely maqasid al-Shari'ah and hermeneutics. This research is qualitative research with the type of library research (library research), using library research aimed at revealing how Muhammad Syahrur thought about inheritance using maqasid al-Shari'ah and hermeneutics. Whereas in data collection using library techniques. The data analysis process uses content analysis techniques (content analysis), namely research techniques by looking for the form, structure, as well as regular patterns in the text and make conclusions based on regularity found. This study uses a text-to-context approach, which seeks to reveal and examine in depth Muhammad Syahrur's contemporary reading of the inheritance verse with the hudud theory. Results this study concludes that: 1) Maqasid al-Shari'ah to be addressed is maqasid al-Khassah, because setting a minimum limit for girls is an attempt to reject darar (danger), as Jalbu al-Mashalih wa Dar'u al-Mafasid, namely when girls contribute more than boys but share less. The existence of maqasid al-Khassah because it considers maslahah al-Khassah which is aimed at girls when they are more beneficial to the heir than boys. 2) On the hermeneutic plain, Syahrur rereads the inheritance verse which is hududullah. If the heirs consist of one son and two daughters, the daughter's share cannot be less than 25% and the son's share cannot be greater than 50%. If girls get 30% and boys 40%, then this division does not come out of hududullahh.
Juridical Analysis of Case Number 014/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Stg Regarding Refusal of Kawing Dispensation at the Sintang Religious Court
Authors: Wiranti Wiranti , Muhibbin Mohamad , Thamrin Dahlan
Published: January 2023

The problems that occurred in the field, especially in the Sintang Class II Religious Court, were found from all the existing cases, there was one case that was rejected, namely case Number 014/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Stg. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the basic considerations of the judges of the Sintang Religious Court, the Juridical Factors against the rejection of the marriage dispensation, and the legal consequences of the rejection of the marriage dispensation based on the case decision Number 014/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Stg. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation and documentation, and data analysis techniques are carried out by data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the marriage dispensation procedure at the Sintang religious court is in accordance with the rules, only in case number 014/Pdt.P/2015/ PA.Stg.hakim using the rule. heavier harm by doing the lighter of the two." The factors that caused the rejection of the case were because the applicant's child objected and he was mature enough to marry the applicant's child's prospective wife.