bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caddisflies of Russia: Fauna and biodiversity
Authors: IVANOV VLADIMIR D.
Published: November 2019

Analysis of the historical faunistic explorations in Russia demonstrates the gradual improvement of knowledge during the 20th century for this country with variable borders. Recent estimations of the Trichoptera biodiversity in the Russian Federation show the presence of 643 species in 148 genera of 28 families within its limits. The largest family, Limnephilidae, comprises 159 species, followed by Leptoceridae (92 spp.), Hydroptilidae (56), Rhyacophilidae (49), Apataniidae (41), Polycentropodidae (35), Hydropsychidae (33), Phryganeidae (28), Glossosomatidae (23), Psychomyiidae (22), Philopotamidae (19), Lepidostomatidae (18), Goeridae (12), Brachycentridae (9), Molannidae (8), Beraeidae (6), Sericostomatidae (5), Stenopsychidae (5), Arctopsychidae (4), Ptilocolepidae (4), Ecnomidae (3), Uenoidae (3), Calamoceratidae (3), and Odontoceridae (2), with Hydrobiosidae, Dipseudopsidae, Phryganopsychidae, and Thremmatidae each with a single species. The fauna of Far East Russia is the richest with 392 species, whereas European Russia in inhabited by 225 spp., the Caucasus 155, and Siberia 239. Species distribution patterns are not known in detail even in European Russia. New additions to the fauna are expected from the Far East and other regions.
The Trichoptera Literature Database: a collaborative bibliographic resource for world caddisfly research

Authors: K. Mendez Patina , Holzenthal Ralph W. , Steiner Joshua W. H.
Published: November 2019

In addition to a list of valid names and synonyms, as provided by the Trichoptera World Checklist, access to the primary literature itself is essential for research in Trichoptera taxonomy and systematics. To improve access to bibliographic information, we established the Trichoptera Literature Database, http://www.trichopteralit.umn.edu, a bibliographic database of over 8,500 citations of literature on Trichoptera. In addition to compiling bibliographical information, we provided access to over 450 high quality Portable Document Format files (PDFs) of historically important, rare, or out-of-print older works as well as more current literature. To provide universal web access to this bibliographical resource, we constructed a dynamic, custom-designed, web application (PHP, Symfony framework) created to import Extensible Markup Language (XML) from the EndNote data file. The database allows the user to search by author and year of publication, displays citations in a standard bibliographic format, and provides download links to available PDF literature.  Existing bibliographies of Trichoptera literature and online access to Zoological Record databases were used to accumulate citations. Protocols for scanning literature, issues regarding copyright, and procedures for uploading citations and PDFs to the database are established. We hope to create a collaborative framework of contributors by seeking regional, subject, or language organizers from the community of Trichoptera workers to assist in completing and maintaining this resource with the goal of lowering barriers to efficient access to taxonomic information.
Characterizing Trichoptera trophic structure in rivers under contrasting land use in Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: BRAND CECILIA , MISERENDINO MARÍA LAURA
Published: November 2019

Trichoptera is a widely distributed and diversified group in Andean Patagonia (Subandean Patagonic Province). This group exhibits a wide array of functional adaptations to exploit the available food resources. It is well known that changes in the relative abundance of functional-feeding groups (FFG) occur when the distribution of energetic resources (organic matter) is altered. In order to determine the functional structure variation among rivers subjected to different land uses, we selected 3 disturbance types (exotic plantation, pasture and logging) and native forest as reference. Three sites were assessed for each land use type (n=12) seasonally (every 3 months) and 6 samples with a Surber net (0.09 m-2 and 250 pore size) were taken. Larvae obtained were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, counted and assigned to a FFG using available references, knowledge of feeding modes and analysis of gut contents. A total of 32 taxa were identified belonging to 11 families. Mean annual densities of Trichoptera varied between 131 and 4231 ind.m-2. Pasture sites showed significantly higher density than pine and native forest sites. Overall Trichoptera FFG species composition was: shredder (10), predator (9), scraper (6), collector-filterer (5), algal-piercer (1), and collector-gatherer (1). The scraper Mastigoptila sp. was abundant in native forest rivers. Predators presented high density in logged forest sites. Shredders (53–98%) dominated rivers having dense forest cover; Parasericostoma ovale (Schmid) and Myotrichia murina Schmid (Sericostomatidae) being the most abundant species. Collector-filterers, mostly Smicridea annulicornis (Blanchard) and S. frequens (Navás) (Hydropsychidae), were the dominant group in pastures (42-96%), probably due to an increase of transported seston. According to these results, Trichoptera communities can be used as an early warning tool to assess changes in disturbed headwater systems in Patagonia.
Trichoptera in Flanders (Belgium): An ecological and phylogenetic characterization of the order
Authors: GOMBEER SOPHIE C. , KNAPEN DRIES , BERVOETS LIEVEN
Published: November 2019

Flanders is a very densely populated region in the economic heart of Europe. To monitor the anthropological impact on the biological integrity of the freshwater courses, the Flemish Environment Agency (VMM) uses the Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index for Flanders (Gabriels et al. 2006) which was recently developed under the influence of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, EU 2000). This multimetric tool replaces the Belgian Biotic Index (BBI: range 0=dramatically poor quality to 10=very good quality), a monitoring system based on the sensitivities to pollution of the different macroinvertebrate taxa (De Pauw & Vanhooren 1983, De Pauw et al. 1986). Although recently replaced, the BBI has been used for the past 20 years and this extensive monitoring campaign produced a considerable amount of information on the distribution of macroinvertebrate taxa in Flemish freshwater courses. The Trichoptera (caddisflies) constitute one of these taxa. Unfortunately, determinations of caddisflies as part of the BBI monitoring, are accomplished only at the family level. Specific information on the occurrence and ecological preferences at the species level is scarce and outdated. The only comprehensive report documenting the occurrence of Trichoptera in Belgium dates back to 1984 (Stroot 1984) and since then only minor revisions and additions to the original report have been published (Stroot 1985, 1987; Stroot & Neven 1989). Therefore, the objectives of our research are to update the old species records and to elaborate and improve the ecological and phylogenetic knowledge of the Flemish Trichoptera by (a) identifying the caddisfly species that occur in Flanders; (b) determining their present distribution; (c) detecting which environmental variables influence this distribution; (d) studying whether the relationship among these variables and the species assemblages can be used to distinguish among the ecoregions in Flanders, which are based on similarities in climate, geology, geomorphology, (geo)hydrology and soil characteristics (Sevenant et al. 2002) and (e) investigating the phylogenetic relationships among the Flemish Trichoptera and evaluating their accordance with the current taxonomic classification.
Management of the two spotted spidermite on carnation with the use of biopesticides and the predator Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae)*

Authors: CHAUHAN USHA , GUPTA PREM R. , SHARMA AJAY
Published: November 2019

Carnation holds a prominent place and a good market among the various cut flowers in Himachal Pradesh, India, but it can be severely attacked by the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to development of resistance in this species, affected human health and caused environmental pollution. The determination of safer and more cost effective and eco-friendly alternative approaches for the management of this pest is desirable. Different combinations of three weekly applications of a predator [the phytoseiid Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans)], a fungus [a commercial formulation of Lecanicillium (= Verticillium) lecanii (Zimmerman)], a plant extract (a commercial neem formulation), a conventional chemical mitecide (Profenofos) or water (control) were tested in 2008 and 2009. In both years, the best results were obtained by three subsequent weekly releases of N. longispinosus and three subsequent applications of Profenofos. These results show the potential of this predatory mite as a control agent of two spotted spider mite on carnation under greenhouse conditions in Himachal Pradesh.
Coconut destiny after the invasion of Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae) in India*

Authors: HAQ M. A.
Published: November 2019

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, has emerged as a common menace to most of the coconut plantations in India. After its first upsurge in Kerala at the end of the 1990´s, the mite has spread to many states in southern and northern India, causing considerable damage. Coconut provides one third of the agricultural income in the regions in which it is grown and more than 10 million people are dependent on this cash crop directly or indirectly through coconut-based industries like coir, copra, oil, honey, furniture, handicrafts, beverages, bakery products and so on. The economic instability of the coconut farming community and the people employed in coconut-based industries rank the highest order. A critical assessment of the various problems created by A. guerreronis in the agricultural economy of India is presented in order to supplement data on crop loss through nut malformation, nut fall, loss in fibre and copra. Varietal differences in susceptibility of the plant and future strategies in terms of management practices for an early control of the mite are discussed, and suggestions for future activities to alleviate mite damage are presented.
Landscape distribution of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) in Kolkheti National Park (Georgia, Caucasus)*

Authors: MURVANIDZE MAKA , MUMLADZE LEVAN , ARABULI TEA , KVAVADZE ERISTO
Published: November 2019

The key subject of this investigation was to study distribution patterns of oribatid mites in the main habitats and ecosystems of Kolkheti National Park. Oribatida were studied in 1) sand dunes, 2) Juncus bogs, 3) flooded alder (Alnus barbata C. A. Mey) forests, and 4) humid alder forests. Sampling was conducted in November 2009 at 18 sites along three transects. For exploratory analysis, we applied clustering techniques. Correlation between species number, density and humus was calculated. Chao1 statistics were used to estimate the completeness of sampling. Forty six oribatid species were recorded. The highest Shannon diversity index was registered for alder forests, whereas the lowest index was observed for dunes. In sand dunes 16 species were found, three of which occurred only in this landscape. In Juncus bogs, 32 species were recorded, and 16 were unique to this landscape, including bog specific Zetomimus furcatus (Warburton & Pearce, 1905), Euzetes globulus (Nicolet, 1855) and Punctoribates manzanoensis Hammer, 1958. Twenty two species were found in flooded forests, seven being exclusive. Ten species were recorded in humid forests, and Metabelbella macerochaeta Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1965 and Eremobelba geographica Berlese, 1908, typical inhabitants of humid forest soils, appeared as exclusive species. Faunal comparisons among landscapes show high similarity between dune and bog oribatid mite communities, followed by flooded and humid alder forests. In dunes and bogs, total faunal density is determined by euryecological species, whereas in alder forests density was determined by high abundance of humid and extremely humid specific species.
Discovery and description of nymphal stages of a heterozerconid mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Heterozerconidae) from coastal forest litter in southeastern São Paulo State, Brazil*

Authors: KRANTZ GERALD W. , DE MORAES GILBERTO J.
Published: November 2019

Free-living mesostigmatic mites collected in coastal forest litter samples in southeastern Brazil were determined to be the nymphal stages of an unknown species of Heterozerconidae, a family whose adults are typically associated with millipedes (Diplopoda) and, less commonly, with squamate reptiles. This is only the second published record of immature heterozerconids and the first positive determination of field-collected heterozerconid nymphs for which the adults have yet to be identified. The protonymph and deutonymph are described, unique morphological characters are discussed, and inferences are made as to the possible identity of the adult stage and its host.
Some statistics on the taxonomy of the family Cunaxidae (Acari: Prostigmata)*

Authors: HEYER JACOB DEN
Published: November 2019

Cunaxidae is a cosmopolitan mite family consisting only of predatory species. Prompted by the goals of “Species 2000”, a database for the cunaxids was prepared and made available at www.catalogueoflife.org. The family is presently arranged in five subfamilies, six tribes, 27 genera and 329 species. The three largest subfamilies are Cunaxinae, Coleoscirinae and Cunaxoidinae. Cunaxa is themost species-rich genus, followed by Armascirus and Coleoscirus.Most of the authors of new cunaxid species have theirworking bases in the Palaearctic,Oriental andNearctic Regions. By far, the largest numbers of species have been described fromSouthAfrica, USAand Philippines, but the distribution of the described speciesmay not reflect the actual diversity of thesemites around the globe. Rather, itmay reflect the variable dedication of authors in different countries in their study. In most countries, taxonomic studies of the cunaxids have hardly started, and much remains to be investigated. However, an immediate threat to the future of cunaxid taxonomy refers to the fact that most of the cunaxid taxonomists are retired, and that replacement by new taxonomists has not been considered a priority. Efforts should be directed to change this trend, motivating new professionals to take the cunaxids at least as part of their working priorities. In this work, I comment on the experience in trying to establish a database for the Cunaxidae, provide themost relevant results of this effort in relation to that family, and provide comments and advice for other professionals interested in doing similarwork for othermite groups.
Spongiopsyllus redactus, a new species of Entomolepididae (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) associated with a scleractinian coral in Brazil

Authors: CANÁRIO ROBERTA , NEVES ELIZABETH G. , JOHNSSON RODRIGO
Published: November 2019

The family Entomolepididae is represented in the South Atlantic Ocean solely by Spongiopsyllus, a monotypic genus found previously in association with sponges. A recent survey on the Boa Viagem Reefs, located off Salvador, Bahia State, on the northeastern region of Brazil, has revealed a new species of the genus, Spongiopsyllus redactus n. sp., found associated with the endemic scleractinian coral Mussismilia hispida (Verrill). The new species is distinguished from its congener, S. adventicius Johnsson, 2000, by differences in the number of segments of the antennule, the ornamentation of the distal endopodal segment of the antenna, and the setation of the maxilliped and P1. An updated key to the species of Entomolepididae is also provided.
Description of nymphs and female subimago of Sparsorythus multilabeculatus Sroka & Soldán, 2008 (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) associated with male imago based on DNA sequence data
Authors: PIRAONAPICHA KANYAKORN , SANGPRADUB NARUMON
Published: November 2019

Sparsorythus is a genus of Tricorythidae from the Oriental Region. Sparsorythus multilabeculatus Sroka & Soldán, 2008 was described based on a male imago from Vietnam. Unknown nymphs and female subimagines of Sparsorythus and male imagines of S. multilabeculatus were collected from Thap Lan National Park, Khon Buri District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Nymphs and female subimagines of Sparsorythus were associated with male imagines of S. multilabeculatus by analyzing sequences from the DNA barcoding region of the mitochrondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I. Phylogenetic analysis based on Maximum Likelihood indicated that all unknown specimens are conspecific with male imagines of S. multilabeculatus (bootstrap 100% and genetic distance 0–0.004). Male and female nymphs, female subimago and egg are described for the first time. Nymphs each bear a medial emargination on the hypopharynx, one bristle-like process at the base of the left prostheca, and a bifurcate rudimentary gill on abdominal segment VII. The male usually has smudges and light blotches on its forewings; the penis extends to the basal segment of the forceps and reaches to approximately 1/3 of the second segment of the forceps. Forewings of the female subimago have dark colour over more than half of the basal area, and the distal portion of each wing is translucent. The egg has a rounded pole; the polar cap covers approximately 1/4 of the surface; and the surface is covered with hexagonal structures.
The genus Neotrichia Morton 1905 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in Roraima state, Brazil: New records and description of seven new species
Authors: DE LIEGE GAMA NETO JAIME , PASSOS MAHEDY ARAUJO BASTOS
Published: November 2019

Seven new species of Neotrichia Morton 1905 from Brazil are described: Neotrichia caboca sp. nov., Neotrichia capitiana sp. nov., Neotrichia cruviana sp. nov., Neotrichia damurida sp. nov., Neotrichia macuxi sp. nov., Neotrichia makunaima sp. nov., and Neotrichia matula sp. nov. Illustrations of male genitalia are provided with each description. New country records for Brazil of two additional species, Neotrichia tauricornis Malicky 1980 and Neotrichia parabullata Harris & Armitage 2015 are also provided.
Joint Neighboring Coding with a Low-Rank Constraint for Multi-Atlas Based Image Segmentation
Authors: Zhu Hancan , He Guanghua
Published: November 2019

Multi-atlas methods have been successful for solving many medical image segmentation problems. Under the multi-atlas segmentation framework, labels of atlases are first propagated to the target image space with the deformation fields generated by registering atlas images onto a target
image, and then these labels are fused to obtain the final segmentation. While many label fusion strategies have been developed, weighting based label fusion methods have attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we first present a unified framework for weighting based label fusion
methods. Under this unified framework, we find that most of recent developed weighting based label fusion methods jointly consider the pair-wise dependency between atlases. However, they independently label voxels to be segmented, ignoring their neighboring spatial structure that might be
informative for obtaining robust segmentation results for noisy images. Taking into consideration of potential correlation among neighboring voxels to be segmented, we propose a joint coding method (JCM) with a low-rank constraint for the multi-atlas based image segmentation in a general framework
that unifies existing weighting based label fusion methods. The method has been validated for segmenting hippocampus from MR images. It is demonstrated that our method can achieve competitive segmentation performance as the state-of-the-art methods, especially when the quality of images is
poor.
A self-regulation model of leader authenticity based on mindful self-regulated attention and political skill
Authors: Dietl Erik , Reb Jochen
Published: November 2019

Despite much research on leader authenticity, its antecedents remain poorly understood. We develop a self-regulatory model of leader authenticity. The model explains how both mindful self-regulated attention and political skill, as well as their interaction, are important for leaders to be authentic, and ultimately effective. Mindful self-regulated attention—a core dimension of mindfulness defined as sustained attention centered on the present moment—helps leaders stay connected to their core self amid the busyness of their (work) lives, allowing leaders to feel authentic. And, particularly in combination with political skill—a social effectiveness construct—it helps leaders interact with their employees in a way that is experienced as authentic and effective. In an experimental study (Study 1), we found that leaders who mindfully self-regulate their attention feel more authentic. In a two-wave multi-source field study (Study 2), we found that leader self-regulated attention was positively associated with employee perceptions of leader authenticity and effectiveness. Further, this relation was stronger when leader political skill was high. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this research.
Historical Roots of Chicago’s Contemporary Violence: An Interpretation of Chicago’s Early Sociologists’ Texts on Black Assimilation
Authors: Fleisher Mark S.
Published: November 2019

Early 20th-century Chicago witnessed an in-migration of foreign-born immigrants and Black American migrants fleeing slavery. As the Black Americans’ population increased and dispersed across urban neighborhoods, Whites’ anti-Black aggression and violence intensified. This article outlines the mechanisms that account for this discord through an examination of sociological texts. We propose that, first, contemporary racial discord has diachronic origins; second, 21st-century synchronic analysis of racial discord, absent of historical insight, cannot adequately account for a century of racial violence by attributing it to poverty and employment going overseas; and, third, a century of racism cannot be mitigated by replacing personnel in administrative agencies, retraining law enforcement personnel, and tightening police oversight. Mitigation of systemic law enforcement violence toward Black Americans must first recognize the contemporary effects of the history of law enforcement agencies’ institutionalized racism documented by sociologists a century ago. A synchronic account of the origin of that racism lays deeply buried in the intellectual history of early 20th-century social science when decades of social researchers misinterpreted the influence of culture and biology on racial behavior.
Demystifying “localness” of infrastructure assets: Crowdfunders as local intermediaries for global investors
Authors: Gasparro Kate , Monk Ashby
Published: November 2019

Infrastructure assets are networked, urban products that can only be understood through their social, economic, and physical geographies. Because of this, they remain difficult to value and monitor. Recently, financialization of infrastructure assets has codified this information for larger capital markets. But the local knowledge needed to understand local infrastructure assets (LIAs), smaller urban products that are closely intertwined in a community’s economic trends and social fabric, is prohibitive to increased investment. At a time when there is a need for renewed investment in LIAs, a new intermediary, capable of translating “localness,” has emerged. LIA crowdfunding platforms connect capital-seeking agents (asset owners) with capital-giving agents (crowdfunders) to channel resources into LIAs. Through close dialogue and review of nearly 70 LIA crowdfunding platforms, we find that LIA crowdfunding platforms are creating a new marketplace for investments in LIAs. These platforms (a) select crowdfunding models that reflect specific asset values; (b) accredit LIAs and their capital-seeking agents considering local context; (c) translate local knowledge for nonlocal and novice capital-giving agents; and (d) reflect the demand for LIAs. Together, these strategies reduce information asymmetries and translate implicit asset information to nonlocal capital-giving agents, thereby facilitating investments into LIAs. Because of their modest growth, LIA crowdfunding platforms have yet to realize their full potential. To scale, crowdfunding platforms must understand their power in complementing the current infrastructure investment market and focus on how their unique position can unlock new investments in LIAs.
Attribution of Blame Toward Offenders: Victim and Offender Ethnicity, and Observer Ethnic and Religious Background
Authors: Rozmann Nir , Levy Inna
Published: November 2019

This study focuses on the effects of victim/offender ethnic affiliation and cultural background of observers on attitudes toward offenders. To examine the effect of cultural background, we compared offender attribution among Christian Arabs ( n = 51), Muslim Arabs ( n = 249), and Jews ( n = 285). The participants were students from several Israeli universities and colleges. The age range was 18 to 33 years ( M = 20.23, SD = 2.67), and the majority were female (75.6%). The participants read a version of a vignette describing a case of a stabbing, and then rated the offender’s blame. In different versions of the crime scenario, we manipulated victim and offender ethnicity: two victim (Arab/Jewish) and three offender (African/Arab/Jewish) types. The results indicate that, in general, participants blamed African offenders more than Arab or Jewish offenders. Although the results show that differences in offender blaming between Arab and Jewish participants were not statistically significant, there is an interaction between participant cultural background and victim ethnicity in regard to offender blaming: Participants attributed more blame to offenders who stabbed a victim belonging to the same ethnic group as the participants. Overall, the results support defensive attribution theory, suggesting that observer attitudes toward offenders tend to be affected by similarity in ethnic affiliation. The discussion addresses the findings through the perspectives of cultural reciprocity, defensive attribution theory, and minority threat theory. It also acknowledges the limitations related to the specific cultural and geopolitical context of this research. Practical implications for practitioners and policymakers include training and increased ethnic diversity among professionals and experts working within the criminal justice system.
Traction load, tong position, and head support significantly influence cervical spine loading during traction
Authors: Hammond Joshua M , Tarakji Belal , Frank Charles , Stewart Tyler , Fernandez David , Atkinson Patrick
Published: November 2019

Some cervical dislocation injuries may be acutely treated with traction via Gardner-Wells tongs, which are attached to the skull via two pins. While a variety of techniques have been proposed and utilized in the literature and clinical practice to use the tongs, these techniques have not been methodically studied to confirm how they transmit loads to the cervical spine. The current study investigated the mechanical effect of different traction techniques in a laboratory setting. A 50th male Hybrid anthropomorphic test device was used as a human surrogate to represent an average male in height and weight was modified to represent a patient with a unilateral facet dislocation injury. Electronic sensors at the atlanto-occipital joint recorded the loading delivered to the superior cervical spine by traction loading. Combinations of the following variables were evaluated as traction loads were progressively increased to one-third of body weight: tong pin position in the skull (anterior–posterior and superior–inferior to the recommended neutral position), traction cable angle in the sagittal plane (elevated, horizontal, declined), and presence or absence of an occipital support. Analysis of the cervical axial traction loads showed that the only significant predictor of cervical tension was the magnitude of the traction load. Anterior–posterior changes in the pin positions in the skull significantly influenced the cervical flexion–extension moment and anterior-posterior (AP) shear. The data show that a combined cervical tension, flexion moment, and anterior shear force can be achieved with posteriorly biased pins and a bolster behind the head. Increasing the angle of traction cable increased the cervical flexion moment and anterior shear force. The following variables should be carefully considered when applying cervical traction since they significantly affect cervical loading: magnitude of the hanging traction load, anterior–posterior pin position, use of an occipital bolster, and traction load angle.
The Association Between Autism Symptoms and Child Functioning in a Sample With ADHD Recruited From the Community
Authors: Stephens Kate , O’Loughlin Rachel , Green Jessica L. , Anderson Vicki , Rinehart Nicole , Nicholson Jan M. , Hazell Philip , Silk Timothy J. , Efron Daryl , Sciberras Emma
Published: November 2019

Objective: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms are associated with poorer functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it is unclear which ASD symptom domains are most impairing. This study investigated whether specific ASD symptom domains were associated with child functioning in children with ADHD. Method: Parents of 164 children with ADHD completed a diagnostic interview to assess ADHD and comorbidities. Parents reported on ASD symptoms (Social Communication Questionnaire) and child quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0). Parents and teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (emotional, conduct, and peer problems). Results: Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors were independently associated with emotional ( p = .02) and conduct ( p = .03) problems, and poorer quality of life ( p = .004). Reciprocal social interaction deficits were independently associated with peer problems ( p = .03). Conclusion: Reciprocal social interaction deficits and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors are important areas that should be focused on in ADHD assessment and treatment.
Physicians’ Moral Dilemmas in the Age of Viagra
Authors: Ayalon Liat , Gewirtz-Meydan Ateret
Published: November 2019

Oral phosphodiesterase5 inhibitors (PDE5i; e.g., Viagra®) have become the first line of treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Relying on interviews with 38 physicians, this study explored moral dilemmas associated with the prescription of PDE5i. Moral dilemmas at the micro level concerned the interest of the patients in receiving medical treatment, even when this was counter-indicated. At the meso level, physicians expressed their concerns about the impact of PDE5i on their patients’ partners. At the macro level, physicians discussed the substantial contribution of the pharmaceutical industry to the education of patients and physicians about pharmacological treatments for sexual problems. Physicians had no moral concerns about industry involvement, and they reported only the benefits associated with it. The study raises moral issues associated with the treatment of ED. As such, it enhances the importance of facilitating a biopsychosocial approach to treat sexual dysfunctions.
From pipe dream, to enterprise incubator, to award-winning business: The case of Scriba PR
Authors: Kevill Alex , Brooks Ruth , Mallinson Katie
Published: November 2019

Scriba PR is a very successful award-winning technical public relations company. This case study examines the journey of Scriba PR and its founder, Katie Mallinson. Seeing business ownership as a pipe dream at first, Katie drew extensively on her support networks, rigorous planning and a University enterprise incubator to encourage and help her to take the leap into business ownership. Since that point, a dynamic interplay of individual and organisational identity has ensued alongside a growing and developing business. This case study explores issues of business model development, enterprise incubators, identity and female entrepreneurship.
Violence and social (in)justice: An interview with Vittorio Bufacchi
Authors: Sardoč Mitja
Published: November 2019

In this interview, Prof. Vittorio Bufacchi examines in detail the relationship between two equally challenging issues, i.e. violence and social (in)justice [and their intersection]. In the introductory part, he dicusses what triggered his own interest in violence. At the same time, he examines philosophy’s main contribution to discussions over violence. In the central part of the interview Prof. Bufacchi revisits the ‘standard’ distinction between ‘narrow’ and ‘wide’ definitions of violence [including both the strength and weaknesses of both approaches]. He also discusses some of the most pressing contemporary challenges facing scholars working on issues related to violent extremism and political violence in general.In the closing part of the interview, Prof. Bufacchi discusses some of the neglected aspects of violence (at both practical and theoretical level).
Nonlymphoplasmacytic lymphomas associated with light-chain amyloidosis
Authors: Basset Marco , Defrancesco Irene , Milani Paolo , Nuvolone Mario , Rattotti Sara , Foli Andrea , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Varettoni Marzia , Benvenuti Pietro , Cartia Claudio Salvatore , Paulli Marco , Merlini Giampaolo , Arcaini Luca , Palladini Giovanni
Published: November 2019

The authors report on the subset of AL amyloidosis patients with nonlymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, emphasizing a predominance of marginal zone lymphoma, frequent delay in diagnosis, and a generally poor prognosis.
Do next-generation sequencing results drive diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in MDS?
Authors: Thol Felicitas , Platzbecker Uwe
Published: November 2019

This article has a companion Counterpoint by Sanz et al.
C-fibers may modulate adjacent Aδ-fibers through axon-axon CGRP signaling at nodes of Ranvier in the trigeminal system
Authors: Edvinsson Jacob C. A. , Warfvinge Karin , Krause Diana N. , Blixt Frank W. , Sheykhzade Majid , Edvinsson Lars , Haanes Kristian A.
Published: November 2019

Background

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) towards CGRP or the CGRP receptor show good prophylactic antimigraine efficacy. However, their site of action is still elusive. Due to lack of passage of mAbs across the blood-brain barrier the trigeminal system has been suggested a possible site of action because it lacks blood-brain barrier and hence is available to circulating molecules. The trigeminal ganglion (TG) harbors two types of neurons; half of which store CGRP and the rest that express CGRP receptor elements (CLR/RAMP1).

Methods

With specific immunohistochemistry methods, we demonstrated the localization of CGRP, CLR, RAMP1, and their locations related to expression of the paranodal marker contactin-associated protein 1 (CASPR). Furthermore, we studied functional CGRP release separately from the neuron soma and the part with only nerve fibers of the trigeminal ganglion, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Antibodies towards CGRP and CLR/RAMP1 bind to two different populations of neurons in the TG and are found in the C- and the myelinated Aδ-fibers, respectively, within the dura mater and in trigeminal ganglion (TG). CASPR staining revealed paranodal areas of the different myelinated fibers inhabiting the TG and dura mater. Double immunostaining with CASPR and RAMP1 or the functional CGRP receptor antibody (AA58) revealed co-localization of the two peptides in the paranodal region which suggests the presence of the CGRP-receptor. Double immunostaining with CGRP and CASPR revealed that thin C-fibers have CGRP-positive boutons which often localize in close proximity to the nodal areas of the CGRP-receptor positive Aδ-fibers. These boutons are pearl-like synaptic structures, and we show CGRP release from fibers dissociated from their neuronal bodies. In addition, we found that adjacent to the CGRP receptor localization in the node of Ranvier there was PKA immunoreactivity (kinase stimulated by cAMP), providing structural possibility to modify conduction activity within the Aδ-fibers.

Conclusion

We observed a close relationship between the CGRP containing C-fibers and the Aδ-fibers containing the CGRP-receptor elements, suggesting a point of axon-axon interaction for the released CGRP and a site of action for gepants and the novel mAbs to alleviate migraine.
PyBDA: a command line tool for automated analysis of big biological data sets
Authors: Dirmeier Simon , Emmenlauer Mario , Dehio Christoph , Beerenwinkel Niko
Published: November 2019

Background

Analysing large and high-dimensional biological data sets poses significant computational difficulties for bioinformaticians due to lack of accessible tools that scale to hundreds of millions of data points.

Results

We developed a novel machine learning command line tool called PyBDA for automated, distributed analysis of big biological data sets. By using Apache Spark in the backend, PyBDA scales to data sets beyond the size of current applications. It uses Snakemake in order to automatically schedule jobs to a high-performance computing cluster. We demonstrate the utility of the software by analyzing image-based RNA interference data of 150 million single cells.

Conclusion

PyBDA allows automated, easy-to-use data analysis using common statistical methods and machine learning algorithms. It can be used with simple command line calls entirely making it accessible to a broad user base. PyBDA is available athttps://pybda.rtfd.io.
A simple, fast and reliable scan-based technique as a novel approach to quantify intracellular bacteria
Authors: Sarshar Meysam , Scribano Daniela , Tranquilli Giulia , Di Pietro Marisa , Filardo Simone , Zagaglia Carlo , Sessa Rosa , Palamara Anna Teresa , Ambrosi Cecilia
Published: November 2019

Background

Quantification of intracellular bacteria is fundamental in many areas of cellular and clinical microbiology to study acute and chronic infections. Therefore, rapid, accurate and low-cost methods represent valuable tools in determining bacterial ability to persist and proliferate within eukaryotic cells.

Results

Herein, we present the first application of the immunofluorescence In-Cell Western (ICW) assay aimed at quantifying intracellular bacteria in in vitro infection models. The performance of this new approach was evaluated in cell culture infection models using three microorganisms with different lifestyles. Two facultative intracellular bacteria, the fast-growing Shigella flexneri and a persistent strain of Escherichia coli, as well as the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis were chosen as bacterial models. The ICW assay was performed in parallel with conventional quantification methods, i.e. colony forming units (CFUs) and inclusion forming units (IFUs). The fluorescence signal intensity values from the ICW assay were highly correlated to CFU/IFUs counting and showed coefficients of determination (R2), ranging from 0,92 to 0,99.

Conclusions

The ICW assay offers several advantages including sensitivity, reproducibility, high speed, operator-independent data acquisition and overtime stability of fluorescence signals. All these features, together with the simplicity in performance, make this assay particularly suitable for high-throughput screening and diagnostic approaches.
Mining candidate gene for rice aluminum tolerance through genome wide association study and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhong Kaizhen , Zhong Zhengzheng , Tong Hanhua
Published: November 2019

Background

The genetic mechanism of aluminum (Al) tolerance in rice is great complicated. Uncovering genetic mechanism of Al tolerance in rice is the premise for Al tolerance improvement. Mining elite genes within rice landrace is of importance for improvement of Al tolerance in rice.

Results

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed in EMMAX for rice Al tolerance was carried out using 150 varieties of Ting’s core collection constructed from 2262 Ting’s collections with more than 3.8 million SNPs. Within Ting’s core collection of clear population structure and kinship relatedness as well as high rate of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay, 17 genes relating to rice Al tolerance including cloned genes likeNRAT1, ART1andSTAR1were identified in this study. Moreover, 13 new candidate regions with high LD and 69 new candidate genes were detected. Furthermore, 20 of 69 new candidate genes were detected with significant difference between Al treatment and without Al toxicity by transcriptome sequencing. Interestingly, both qRT-PCR and sequence analysis in CDS region demonstrated that the candidate genes in present study might play important roles in rice Al tolerance.

Conclusions

The present study provided important information for further using these elite genes existing in Ting’s core collection for improvement of rice Al tolerance.
Long-term, sustained feeding by Asian citrus psyllid disrupts salicylic acid homeostasis in sweet orange
Authors: Ibanez Freddy , Suh Joon Hyuk , Wang Yu , Stelinski Lukasz L.
Published: November 2019

Background

Phloem-feeding insects are known to modulate the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway in various plant-insect interaction models.Diaphorina citriis a phloem feeding vector of the deadly phytopathogens,CandidatusLiberibacter americanus andCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus, and the interactions ofD. citriwith its host that may modulate plant defenses are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of SA modification and activation of defense-associated responses in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) exposed to various durations (7-, 14- and 150- days) of continuous feeding byD. citri.

Results

We quantified expression of genes involved in SA pathway activation and subsequent modification, as well as, associated SA metabolites (SA methyl ester, 2,3-DHBA, and SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside).NPR1andPR-1expression was upregulated in plants exposed to continuous feeding byD. citrifor 14 days. Expression ofBSMT-like,MES1-likeandDMR6-like oxygenase, as well as, accumulation of their respective SA metabolites (SA methyl ester, 2,3-DHBA) was significantly higher in plants exposed to continuous feeding byD. citrifor 150 days than in those withoutD. citriinfestation. Concomitantly, expression ofUGT74F2-likewas significantly downregulated and its metabolite, SA 2-β-D-glucoside, was highly accumulated in trees exposed to 150 d of feeding compared to control trees withoutD. citri.

Conclusions

D. citriherbivory differentially regulated transcription and SA-metabolite accumulation in citrus leaves, depending on duration of insect feeding. Our results suggest that prolonged and uninterrupted exposure (150 d) of citrus toD. citrifeeding suppressed plant immunity and inhibited growth, which may highlight the importance of vector suppression as part of huanglongbing (HLB) management in citrus.
Effectiveness of a multimodal training programme to improve general practitioners’ burnout, job satisfaction and psychological well-being
Authors: Barcons C. , García B. , Sarri C. , Rodríguez E. , Cunillera O. , Parellada N. , Fernández B. , Alvarado C. E. , Barrio C. , Fleta J. C. , Ruiz D. , Torrubia R.
Published: November 2019

Background

The changes in the models of care for mental disorders towards a community focus and deinstitutionalisation might have risen General practitioners’ (GPs) workload, increasing their mental health concerns and the need for solutions. Pragmatic research into improving GPs’ work-related health and psychological well-being is limited by focusing mainly on stressors and through not providing systematic attention to the development of positive mental health via interventions that develop psychological resources and capacities. The aim of this study was twofold: a) to determine the effectiveness of an intensive multimodal training programme for GPs designed to improve their management of mental-health patients; and b) to ascertain if the program could be also useful to improve the GPs management of their own burnout, job satisfaction and psychological well-being.

Method

Eighteen GPs constituted a control group that underwent the routine clinicalMental health support programme for primary care. An experimental group (N = 20) additionally received a Multimodal training programme (MTP) with an Integrated Brief Systemic Therapy (IBST) approach. Through questionnaires and a clinical interview, level of burnout, professional satisfaction, psychopathological state and various indicators of the quality of administrative and healthcare management were analysed at baseline and 10 months after the programme.

Results

In relation to government of mental-health patients indicators, on the one hand MTP group showed statistically significant improvements in certain administrative health parameters, but on the other it did not improve opinions and attitudes towards mental illness. Regarding GPs management of their own burnout, job satisfaction and psychological well-being assessments, the MTP presented better scores on global psychopathological state and better evolution of satisfaction at work; psychopharmacology use dropped in both groups; in contrast, the MTP did not improve burnout levels.

Conclusions

Findings of this preliminary study are promising for the MTP (with an IBST approach) practice in primary care. More research evidence is required from larger samples and randomized controlled trials to support both the hypothetical adoption of MTP (with an IBST approach) as a part of a continuing professional-training programme for GPs’ management of mental-health patients and its positive effects on work-related health factors.
Association between anemia and cognitive decline among Chinese middle-aged and elderly: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Qin Tingting , Yan Mingming , Fu Zhen , Song Yating , Lu Wanrong , Fu A’dan , Yin Ping
Published: November 2019

Background

Our objective was to characterize the relationship of anemia and hemoglobin concentrations with cross-sectional cognitive functions and changes in cognitive functions over 2 years in a large sample of Chinese middle aged and elderly.

Methods

Ten thousand nine hundred eighteen adults aged 45 years or older participating in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used for cross-sectional analyses and 9324 were used for longitudinal analysis. Cognitive functions were assessed by memory recall (episodic memory), mental status (TICS), and global cognitive function at baseline survey (Visit 1) and first follow-up survey (Visit 2). The lower the cognitive test score, the worse the cognitive function. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentrations lower than 13 g/dl for men and lower than 12 g/dl for women. Adjusted multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the relationships of different cognitive domains with anemia and hemoglobin concentration.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of anemia was 12.86% and the mean hemoglobin concentration was 14.37 ± 2.20 g/dl. After adjusting for socio-demographic and health-related covariates, the cross-sectional association between anemia and global cognitive function [β (95%CI) = − 0.49(− 0.69~ − 0.29)], episodic memory [β (95%CI) = − 0.14(− 0.23~ − 0.05)], and TICS [β (95%CI) = − 0.23(− 0.38~ − 0.08)] were significant and did not differ by gender. The hemoglobin concentration was also associated with global cognitive function among the whole sample (P < 0.05 for all). The longitudinal analyses showed global cognitive function and episodic memory were associated with anemia independent of covariates (P < 0.05 for all). Sensitivity analyses further provided significant results showing the association between anemia and cognition decline (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a cross-sectional and longitudinal association between anemia and accelerated decline in cognitive functions in Chinese middle-aged and elderly. This suggests that anemia and low hemoglobin concentrations are independent risk factors of cognitive decline.