bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ionospheric response over the UK to major bombing raids during World War II
Authors: Scott Christopher J. , Major Patrick
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Earth's ionosphere is subject to disturbance from above (via solar
variability and space-weather effects) and from below (such as tectonic
activity, thunderstorms and sudden stratospheric warmings). Identifying the
relative contribution of these effects remains challenging, despite recent
advances in spacecraft monitoring near-Earth space. Man-made explosions
provide a quantifiable proxy for natural terrestrial sources, enabling their
impact on ionospheric variability to be studied. In this paper, the
contribution of ground-based disturbances to ionospheric variability is
investigated by considering the response of the ionospheric F2 layer over
Slough, UK, to 152 major bombing raids over Europe during World War II, using
a superposed epoch analysis. The median response of the F2 layer is a
significant decrease in peak electron concentration (∼0.3 MHz decrease
in foF2). This response is consistent with wave energy heating the
thermosphere, enhancing the (temperature-dependent) loss rate of O+
ions. The analysis was repeated for a range of thresholds in both time of
bombing before the (noon) ionospheric measurement and tonnage of bombs
dropped per raid. It was found that significant (∼2–3σ)
deviations from the mean occurred for events occurring between approximately
3 and 7 h ahead of the noon ionospheric measurements and for raids using a
minimum of between 100 and 800 t of high explosives. The most
significant ionospheric response (2.99σ) occurred for 20 raids up to
5 h before the ionospheric measurement, each with a minimum of 300 t of
explosives. To ensure that the observed ionospheric response cannot be
attributable to space-weather sources, the analysis was restricted to those
events for which the geomagnetic Ap index was less than 48 (Kp<5). Digitisation of the early ionospheric data would enable the
investigation into the response of additional ionospheric parameters
(sporadic E, E and F1 layer heights and peak concentrations). One metric ton
of TNT has an explosive energy of 4.184×109 J, which is of the
same order of energy as a cloud to ground lightning stroke. Since the
occurrence of lightning has distinctive diurnal and seasonal cycles, it is
feasible that a similar mechanism could contribute to the observed seasonal
anomaly in ionospheric F-region electron concentrations. Further
investigation, using less extreme examples, is required to determine the
minimum explosive energy required to generate a detectable ionospheric
response.
Legacies of past land use have a stronger effect on forest carbon exchange than future climate change in a temperate forest landscape
Authors: Thom Dominik , Rammer Werner , Garstenauer Rita , Seidl Rupert
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global climate
system and are thus intensively discussed in the context of climate change
mitigation. Over the past decades temperate forests were a carbon (C) sink to
the atmosphere. However, it remains unclear to which degree this C uptake is
driven by a recovery from past land use and natural disturbances or ongoing
climate change, inducing high uncertainty regarding the future temperate
forest C sink. Here our objectives were (i) to investigate legacies within
the natural disturbance regime by empirically analyzing two disturbance
episodes affecting the same landscape 90 years apart, and (ii) to unravel the
effects of past land use and natural disturbances as well as the future climate
on 21st century forest C uptake by means of simulation modeling. We
collected historical data from archives to reconstruct the vegetation and
disturbance history of a forest landscape in the Austrian Alps from 1905 to
2013. The effects of legacies and climate were disentangled by individually controlling for past land use, natural disturbances, and future scenarios of
climate change in a factorial simulation study. We found only moderate
spatial overlap between two episodes of wind and bark beetle disturbance
affecting the landscape in the early 20th and 21st century,
respectively. Our simulations revealed a high uncertainty about the
relationship between the two disturbance episodes, whereas past land use
clearly increased the impact of the second disturbance episode on the
landscape. The future forest C sink was strongly driven by the cessation of
historic land use, while climate change reduced forest C uptake. Compared to
land-use change the two past episodes of natural disturbance had only
marginal effects on the future carbon cycle. We conclude that neglecting
legacies can substantially bias assessments of future forest dynamics.
Modeling the biogeochemical effects of rotation pattern and field management practices in a multi-crop (cotton, wheat, maize) rotation system: a case study in northern China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Chunyan , Zheng Xunhua , Wang Kai , Cui Feng , Wang Rui , Li Siqi , Yao Zhisheng
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The cropping system with rotations between cotton and winter wheat−summer maize (W–M) is widely adopted in northern China. Optimizing the rotation pattern and related field management practices of this system is crucial for reducing its negative impacts on climate and environmental quality. In this study, the approach applied to identify the optimal rotation pattern with the best management practice (BMP) relied on biogeochemical model simulations to determine the negative impact potential (NIP) of individual management options/scenarios and a set of constraints. The optimal rotation pattern and related BMP are referred to as the scenario with the lowest NIP that satisfies the given constraints. All the variables of interest were generated by simulation of the DeNitrification-DeComposition 95 version (DNDC95) model. The DNDC95 model validations performed previously for a land cultivated with the W–M and presently for an adjacent area cultivated with cotton showed satisfactory performance in simulating the variables of interest with available observations. The simulations of rotation patterns indicated that proper rotation of cotton and the W–M can simultaneously benefit crop yields, soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation. The three-crop rotation pattern in a 6-year cycle could be optimized with 3 consecutive years of cotton and 3 continuous years of W–M cultivation. The experiments with 108 management scenarios showed that the BMP for the optimized rotation pattern involved using 15 % less nitrogen fertilizer (i.e., 94 and 366 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for cotton and the W–M, respectively) and 20 % less irrigation water (i.e., 60–180 and 230–410 mm yr−1 for cotton and the W–M, respectively) by sprinkling than the conventional practices, fully incorporating crop residues, and adopting the current deep tillage (20–30 cm) for cotton but the reduced tillage (10 cm) for the W–M. However, field confirmation of these BMPs resulting from the model-based virtual experiments is still required.
Development of soil moisture profiles through coupled microwave–thermal infrared observations in the southeastern United States
Authors: Mishra Vikalp , Cruise James F. , Hain Christopher R. , Mecikalski John R. , Anderson Martha C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The principle of maximum entropy (POME) can be used to develop
vertical soil moisture (SM) profiles. The minimal inputs required by the POME
model make it an excellent choice for remote sensing applications. Two of the
major input requirements of the POME model are the surface boundary condition
and profile-mean moisture content. Microwave-based SM estimates from the Advanced
Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) can supply the surface boundary
condition whereas thermal infrared-based moisture estimated from the
Atmospheric Land EXchange Inverse (ALEXI) surface energy balance model can
provide the mean moisture condition. A disaggregation approach was followed
to downscale coarse-resolution (∼25 km) microwave SM estimates to match
the finer resolution (∼5 km) thermal data. The study was conducted over
multiple years (2006–2010) in the southeastern US. Disaggregated soil
moisture estimates along with the developed profiles were compared with the
Noah land surface model (LSM), as well as in situ measurements from 10
Natural Resource Conservation Services (NRCS) Soil Climate Analysis Network
(SCAN) sites spatially distributed within the study region. The overall
disaggregation results at the SCAN sites indicated that in most cases
disaggregation improved the temporal correlations with unbiased root mean
square differences (ubRMSD) in the range of 0.01–0.09 m3 m−3. The
profile results at SCAN sites showed a mean bias of 0.03 and 0.05
(m3 m−3); ubRMSD of 0.05 and 0.06 (m3 m−3); and correlation
coefficient of 0.44 and 0.48 against SCAN observations and Noah LSM,
respectively. Correlations were generally highest in agricultural areas where
values in the 0.6–0.7 range were achieved.
Influence of shearing rate on the residual strength characteristic of
three landslides soils in loess area
Authors: Lian Baoqin , Peng Jianbing  , Wang Xingang , Huang Qiangbing
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In order to investigate the effect of the shearing rate on the residual shear strength of slip zone soils, a series ring shear tests were carried out on slip zone soils from three landslides in loess area at the two shearing rates (0.1 mm/min and 1 mm/min). The slip zone soil specimens used in present study were from the northwest of China. Results indicated that the shear displacement to achieve the residual stage for specimens with higher shearing rate is greater than that of the lower rate. Relationship between the residual friction coefficients and normal stress shows that the residual friction coefficients for all specimens under the lower normal stress were greater than that under the higher normal stress at two shearing rate. Furthermore, the difference in the residual friction angle фr at the two shearing rates, фr (1) − фr (0.1), under each normal stress level were either positive or negative values, with the maximum absolute value of фr (1) − фr (0.1) reach up to 2.218°. However, the difference фr (1) − фr (0.1) under all normal stresses was negative, which indicates that the residual shear parameters reduced with the increasing of the shearing rate in loess area.
Monitoring of seasonal variability and movement of suspended sediment concentrations along the Thiruvananthapuram coast, southern India, using the Landsat OLI sensor
Authors: Tripathy Bismay Ranjan , Seenipandi Kaliraj , Sajjad Haroon , Joshi Pawan Kumar , Chaudhary Bhagwan Singh , Kumar Pavan
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Studies on suspended sediment concentrations at a
seasonal scale play a vital role in understanding coastal hydrodynamic
processes in an area. Assessment of spatio-temporal changes in suspended
sediments in nearshore areas has gained complexity due to the utilization of
conventional methods; this issue can be successfully
solved nowadays using multi-temporal remotely sensed images with the help of
advanced image processing techniques. The present study is an attempt to
demonstrate the model algorithm used to extract suspended sediment
concentrations using Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) sensor images.
The study was executed in a near-offshore area of the Thiruvananthapuram
coast, southern India, and focused on the extraction of suspended sediment
concentrations and their seasonal variability during pre-monsoon and
post-monsoon periods. The OLI images were pre-processed to obtain the actual
reflectance using the FLASSH module of the ENVI v5.5 software. The generic
model developed herein is designed to compute the spectral reflectance
variability between coastal water and suspended sediments and to
differentiate the spatial accumulation of the suspended sediment
concentrations from the coastal water at the pixel scale. Maximum (0.8 % in
near-infrared bands) and minimum (0.6 % in blue bands) spectral reflectance
indicates the occurrence of suspended sediments in the coastal water. The
model-derived results revealed that the suspended sediment concentration
gradually decreased with increasing depth and distance from the shoreline.
Higher sediment concentrations accumulated at lower depths in coastal water
due to wave and current action that seasonally circulated the sediments. This
higher concentration of the suspended sediment load was estimated to be
0.92 mg L−1 at the shallow depths (<10 m) of the coastal waters and
0.30 mg L−1 at a depth of 30 m. Seasonal variability of suspended
sediments was observed in a north–south direction during the pre-monsoon;
the reverse was noted during the post-monsoon period. The spatial variability
of suspended sediments was indirectly proportional to the depth and distance
from the shoreline, and directly proportional to offshore wave and littoral
current activity. This study proves that the developed model coupled with the
provided computational algorithm can be used as an effective tool for the
estimation of suspended sediment concentrations using multi-temporal OLI
images; furthermore, the output may be helpful for coastal zone management
and conservation planning and development.
Linking Alpine deformation in the Aar Massif basement and its cover units – the case of the Jungfrau–Eiger mountains (Central Alps, Switzerland)
Authors: Mair David , Lechmann Alessandro , Herwegh Marco , Nibourel Lukas , Schlunegger Fritz
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The northwest (NW) rim of the external Aar Massif was exhumed from  ∼ 10 km depth to its present position at 4 km elevation above sea level during several Alpine deformation stages. Different models have been proposed for the timing and nature of these stages. Recently proposed exhumation models for the central, internal Aar Massif differ from the ones established in the covering Helvetic sedimentary units. By updating pre-existing maps and collecting structural data, a structural map and tectonic section were reconstructed. Those were interpreted together with microstructural data and peak metamorphic temperature estimates from collected samples to establish a framework suitable for both basement and cover. Deformation temperatures range between 250 and 330 °C, allowing for semi-brittle deformation in the basement rocks, while the calcite-dominated sedimentary rocks deform in a ductile manner at these conditions. Although field data allow to distinguish multiple deformation stages before and during Aar Massif's exhumation, all related structures formed under similar P, T conditions at the investigated NW rim. In particular, we find that the exhumation occurred during two stages of shearing in Aar Massif's basement, which induced in the sedimentary rocks first a phase of folding and then a period of thrusting, accompanied by the formation of a new foliation.
Constraints on Alpine Fault (New Zealand) mylonitization temperatures and the geothermal gradient from Ti-in-quartz thermobarometry
Authors: Kidder Steven B. , Toy Virginia G. , Prior David J. , Little Timothy A. , Khan Ashfaq , MacRae Colin
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We constrain the thermal state of the central Alpine Fault using approximately 750 Ti-in-quartz secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) analyses from a suite of variably deformed mylonites. Ti-in-quartz concentrations span more than 1 order of magnitude from 0.24 to  ∼ 5 ppm, suggesting recrystallization of quartz over a 300 °C range in temperature. Most Ti-in-quartz concentrations in mylonites, protomylonites, and the Alpine Schist protolith are between 2 and 4 ppm and do not vary as a function of grain size or bulk rock composition. Analyses of 30 large, inferred-remnant quartz grains ( > 250 µm) as well as late, crosscutting, chlorite-bearing quartz veins also reveal restricted Ti concentrations of 2–4 ppm. These results indicate that the vast majority of Alpine Fault mylonitization occurred within a restricted zone of pressure–temperature conditions where 2–4 ppm Ti-in-quartz concentrations are stable. This constrains the deep geothermal gradient from the Moho to about 8 km to a slope of 5 °C km−1. In contrast, the small grains (10–40 µm) in ultramylonites have lower Ti concentrations of 1–2 ppm, indicating a deviation from the deeper pressure–temperature trajectory during the latest phase of ductile deformation. These constraints suggest an abrupt, order of magnitude change in the geothermal gradient to an average of about 60 °C km−1 at depths shallower than about 8 km, i.e., within the seismogenic zone. Anomalously, the lowest-Ti quartz (0.24–0.7 ppm) occurs away from the fault in protomylonites, suggesting that the outer fault zone experienced minor plastic deformation late in the exhumation history when more fault-proximal parts of the fault were deforming exclusively by brittle processes.
Satellite-derived sea ice export and its impact on Arctic ice mass balance
Authors: Ricker Robert , Girard-Ardhuin Fanny , Krumpen Thomas , Lique Camille
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait represents an
important freshwater input to the North Atlantic, which could in turn
modulate the intensity of the thermohaline circulation. It also contributes
significantly to variations in Arctic ice mass balance. We present the first
estimates of winter sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait using
CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness retrievals and three different ice drift products
for the years 2010 to 2017. The monthly export varies between −21 and
−540 km3. We find that ice drift variability is the main driver of
annual and interannual ice volume export variability and that the
interannual variations in the ice drift are driven by large-scale variability
in the atmospheric circulation captured by the Arctic Oscillation and North
Atlantic Oscillation indices. On shorter timescale, however, the seasonal
cycle is also driven by the mean thickness of exported sea ice, typically
peaking in March. Considering Arctic winter multi-year ice volume changes,
54  % of their variability can be explained by the variations in ice
volume export through the Fram Strait.
Coastal sediment balance in the eastern part of the Gulf of Riga (2005–2016)
Authors: Lapinskis Jānis
Published: September 2018

A hurricane known as Ervin or Gudrun travelled over Latvia in 8–9 January, 2005. As a result of severe SW and W winds, as well as lack of sea ice, clearly pronounced changes in the distribution of coastal sediment has been induced. Cross-shore profile leveling at various time instants was used to obtain quantitative estimates of the amount of accumulated sediments. The total volume of sediments eroded from the subaerial part of coastal slope reached 0.8 million m3. This paper represents assessment of consequent changes and coastal slope “rebuilding” success after this storm event. The data indicates lack of significant overall net loss of subaerial sediment volume along the most part of the eastern coast of the Gulf of Riga. Significant primary dune growth and beach accumulation is mostly limited to southernmost part of assessed coastal stretch. Total volume of fine sediments in beach and primary dunes still is 5 % lower than before erosion event of 2005. Erosion vulnerability and total length of coastal sections that are expected to be a subject to future coastal retreat is increasing.
Impact of physical geographical factors on sustainable planning of South Baltic seaside resorts
Authors: Baltranaitė Eglė , Jurkus Egidijus , Povilanskas Ramūnas
Published: September 2018

The objective of the article is to give a comprehensive assessment of the impact that physical geographical factors of the coastal environment have on the South Baltic seaside resorts in the way it is reflected in planning documents (comprehensive plans, regional and tourism development strategies) of South Baltic seaside territorial entities. The seaside resorts and the adjacent coastal protected nature areas, particularly coastal national parks and UNESCO biosphere reserves, are the main focus of this study. The contents of 141 valid documents of spatial planning, management and development has been analysed. The studied comprehensive development plans, tourism strategies and other documents demonstrate that virtually all seaside municipalities in the South Baltic Region express a strong concern in increasing risk of coastal erosion and sea level rise related to the global climate change.
Los derechos de ciudadanía de niños y adolescentes en un territorio singular: la trifrontera amazónica
Authors: Pineda Nebot Carmen , Pinheiro de Andrade Herbert Cristhiano , Almeida Olavo Antônio Vagner
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación general de la protección de los derechos y deberes de niños y adolescentes en Brasil, Colombia y Perú e identificar las acciones de protección de sus derechos en la triple frontera constituida por las ciudades de Tabatinga (BR), Leticia (CO) e  Isla de Santa Rosa (PE). Esta investigación cualitativa ha analizado documentos y legislación relacionada con los derechos de los niños y adolescentes de los tres países, así como las páginas web de las tres ciudades. Además, fueran realizadas entrevistas en profundidad con los responsables de las acciones para niños y adolescentes en la trifrontera Amazónica. Ante la conquista legal de los derechos de ciudadanía de niños y adolescentes y de una realidad de vulnerabilidad social se señala que la protección de estos derechos debe afrontarse con acciones intersectoriales territoriales, sin embargo, en las ciudades investigadas predominan  acciones estatales desarticuladas que no tienen en cuenta la especial situación territorial.
Concepciones hegemónicas de la infancia en un siglo de movimientos en favor del bienestar de la niñez
Authors: Tissera Luna Mara
Published: September 2018

En las últimas décadas, las organizaciones no-gubernamentales internacionales y agencias internacionales han obtenido un papel hegemónico en la conceptualización de la infancia, y en la descripción y análisis de las problemáticas dignas de intervención en torno a ella.  A pesar de la heterogeneidad de los orígenes y adscripciones de los actores que tuvieron incidencia en la conformación de los movimientos en favor de la niñez y de las diferentes conceptualizaciones de la infancia que defendían, la concepción de la infancia que devino hegemónica es aquella basada en el prototipo de niñez históricamente perteneciente a las clases burguesas de Europa y Norteamérica, basada en el carácter incompleto y dependiente de los niños y niñas, y en su cuidado y protección. En este artículo se expone una breve historización de los movimientos internacionales para la defensa de la niñez desde sus comienzos a principios del siglo XX, con el foco en los debates sobre las concepciones de niñez. En particular, nos centramos en la manera en la cual el desarrollo de los aparatos de intervención de los actores del humanitarismo y la cooperación internacional conllevó la legitimación de una concepción “universalizante” de la niñez, y de un enfoque para la planificación y desarrollo de las acciones globales a favor de la niñez basado en el cuidado y la protección de los niños.
O brincar na vivência de rua de crianças: retratos e narrativas a partir de Desenhos-Estórias
Authors: Missio Joana , Arpini Dorian Mônica
Published: September 2018

Brincar é uma atividade que promove o desenvolvimento das crianças, pois é a partir da brincadeira que as mesmas irão experimentar o mundo e se comunicar com ele. No entanto, há muitas crianças que não dispõe de condições ambientais satisfatórias para o brincar, como aquelas que possuem vivência de rua. A partir disso, este estudo objetivou compreender a experiência do brincar para crianças com vivência de rua. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, que utilizou o método de Desenhos-Estórias. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma instituição de acolhimento, sendo que participaram do estudo três crianças que têm e/ou tiveram vivência de rua, de ambos os sexos, que lá residiam. Os dados foram analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo temática. Com base nos resultados, pode-se considerar que o brincar pode ocorrer mesmo meio ao risco e à vulnerabilidade da rua, ainda que ele contenha algumas especificidades. Ainda, identificou-se que, para os participantes, o brincar prevalece sobre o perigo, uma vez que este ganhou pouco destaque se comparado àquele. Portanto, a pesquisa possibilitou uma maior compreensão acerca do fenômeno estudado, além de promover encontros nos quais as crianças puderam dialogar sobre suas experiências e expressar sentimentos.
O agir responsável das crianças para além dos direitos e deveres de cidadania
Authors: Siqueira de Lara Juliana
Published: September 2018

A responsabilidade se tornou um conceito-chave na discussão acerca da balança entre os direitos e deveres de cidadania das crianças. Se, tradicionalmente, as crianças não eram consideradas sujeitos de direitos, atualmente, mais do que reconhecê-los, também se tem reivindicado pelos seus deveres. Este trabalho visa discutir e problematizar a noção de responsabilidade como um cumprimento de dever/obrigação universal pelos indivíduos e seus atributos e apresenta o agir responsável por uma perspectiva relacional como uma forma de contemplar o exercício da cidadania das crianças em seu cotidiano. Para tal, o artigo apresenta resultados de um trabalho de campo com crianças de 11 e 12 anos de idade, moradoras de uma comunidade da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, acerca de suas compreensões sobre a noção responsabilidade e a teatralização de cenas em que elas puderem expor situações que envolvessem essa noção. Os resultados problematizam o discurso da responsabilidade como ideia de obrigação individual e revelam que as encenações realizadas pelas crianças contemplam dilemas morais e relações de interdependência mais complexos do que apenas o discurso retórico aponta.
Engineering Thermoplastics for Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Perspective with Experimental Evidence to Support Functional Applications
Authors: Cicala Gianluca , Latteri Alberta , Del Curto Barbara , Lo Russo Alessio , Recca Giuseppe , Farè Silvia
Published: September 2018

Background

Among additive manufacturing techniques, the filament-based technique involves what is referred to as fused deposition modeling (FDM). FDM materials are currently limited to a selected number of polymers. The present study focused on investigating the potential of using high-end engineering polymers in FDM. In addition, a critical review of the materials available on the market compared with those studied here was completed.

Methods

Different engineering thermoplastics, ranging from industrial grade polycarbonates to novel polyetheretherketones (PEEKs), were processed by FDM. Prior to this, for innovative filaments based on PEEK, extrusion processing was carried out. Mechanical properties (i.e., tensile and flexural) were investigated for each extruded material. An industrial-type FDM machine (Stratasys Fortus® 400 mc) was used to fully characterize the effect of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate. The obtained properties were compared with samples obtained by injection molding. Finally, FDM samples made of PEEK were also characterized and compared with those obtained by injection molding.

Results

The effect of raster to raster air gap and raster angle on tensile and flexural properties of printed PC was evidenced; the potential of PEEK filaments, as novel FDM material, was highlighted in comparison to state of the art materials.

Conclusions

Comparison with injection molded parts allowed to better understand FDM potential for functional applications. The study discussed pros and cons of the different materials. Finally, the development of novel PEEK filaments achieved important results offering a novel solution to the market when high mechanical and thermal properties are required.
Effects of quartz on crystallization behavior of mold fluxes and microstructural characteristics of flux film
Authors: Lei Liu , Xiuli Han , Mingduo Li , Di Zhang
Published: September 2018

Background:

Mold fluxes are mainly prepared using cement clinker, quartz, wollastonite, borax, fluorite, soda ash and other mineral materials. Quartz, as one of the most common and essential materials, was chosen for this study to analyze itseffects on crystallization temperature, critical cooling rate, crystal incubation time, crystallization ratio and phases of flux film.

Methods:

We used the research methods of process mineralogy with the application of the single hot thermocouple technique, heat flux simulator, polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction, etc.

Results:

By increasing the quartz content from 16 mass% to 24 mass%, the crystallization temperature, critical cooling rate and crystallization ratio of flux film decreased, and the crystal incubation time was extended. Meanwhile, the mineralogical structure of the flux film changed, with a large amount of wollastonite precipitation and a significant decrease in the cuspidine content until it reached zero. This showed a steady decline in the heat transfer control capacity of the flux film.

Conclusions:

The reason for the results above is that, by increasing the quartz content, the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron network structure promoted a rise in viscosity and restrained ion migration, inhibiting crystal nucleation and growth, leading to the weakening of the crystallization and a decline in the crystallization ratio.
Uso de zeólita, bentonita e Yucca schidigera sobre as características fecais de cães
Authors: Coutinho Franco Milena , Rodrigues de Souza Juliana , Maissack Campos Gabriel , Paula Martins Adriana , Colpani do Nascimento Rosandra , Gisele de Oliveira Simone
Published: September 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de bentonita, zeólita e Yucca sobre as características das fezes dos cães. Foram utilizados 16 cães adultos da raça Beagles distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os cães foram alimentados durante dois períodos de 7 dias (5 dias de adaptação e 2 dias de coleta de fezes), totalizando 8 repetições. Foram realizadas análises de amônia, pH, escore, odor, matéria seca e produção de fezes. Não houve diferença nas características fecais com a inclusão de 0,35% de zeólita e bentonita e 0,5% de Yucca schidigera.
Avaliação das características fecais de cães suplementados com diferentes fontes e níveis de extrato de yucca
Authors: Komarcheuski Alina Stadnik , Sabchuk Tabyta , Bastos Taís , Ostapechen Nayara , Merchiori Aline , Oliveira Simone
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se determinar a interferência do aditivo extrato de Yucca schidigera em diferentes concentrações e fontes comerciais (EYA vs EYB) nas características fecais de cães. Utilizaram-se 15 cães adultos da raça Beagle, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, totalizando 6 repetições por tratamento. Foram analisadas nas fezes a matéria seca fecal (MSf), produção fecal, amônia, escore, pH e odor fecal. Houve diferença nos valores de MSf, produção fecal e para odor fecal em ambos os testes realizados (P<0,05). A concentração de 0,07% de EYA resultou em maior MSf e menor odor fecal em relação ao EYB.
Características fecais de cães alimentados com diferentes fontes e níveis de Mananoligossacarídeos
Authors: Fernandes Eduarda Lorena , Fernandes Eduarda Lorena , Risolia Danielle Wünsche , Dos Santos Carolina Dellagassa , Zattoni Dorie Fernanda De Moraes , Merchiori Aline , De Oliveira Simone Gisele
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar as características fecais de cães suplementados com diferentes níveis e fontes comerciais de mananoligossacarídeos (MOS). Para isso, foram utilizados 15 cães adultos em delineamento em blocos casualizados (n=6). Os cães foram alimentados com dietas contendo: 0% (controle); 0,2% e 0,5% de MOS A e 0,2% e 0,5% de MOS B. Foram analisados nas fezes: matéria seca fecal (MSf), amônia, escore e pH. Houve diferença para os parâmetros MSf e Odor fecal (p<0,05). A inclusão de 0,2% de MOS A resulta em maior teor de MSf.
AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO PARA A SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EM BOMBEIROS MILITARES
Authors: Dos Santos Lauane Nogueira , Ascari Tania Maria , De Sá Clodoaldo Antônio , Ascari Rosana Amora
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: analisar o risco de desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout em bombeiros militares. Método: estudotransversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 51 bombeiros militares de um batalhão de Santa Catarina coma coleta de dados nos meses de março e abril de 2016. As análises de associação foram realizadas por meio do testeexato de Fischer ou Qui-quadrado de Pearson com a utilização do software SPSS, versão 24.0. Resultados: a exaustãoemocional apresentou-se alta em 51% dos participantes, sendo fator de proteção ter filhos; mais anos de trabalho;melhor organização do local de trabalho e ritmo de trabalho lento ou moderado. Horas extras e ritmo de trabalholento ou moderado foram indicativos de níveis mais baixos de despersonalização. A avaliação do nível de realizaçãoprofissional mostrou 49 sujeitos (98%) com nível alto, o que confere proteção aos bombeiros militares quanto aodesenvolvimento da síndrome. Conclusão: embora não tenham sido identificados casos entre os investigados, umnúmero significativo de profissionais apresentou risco elevado para o desenvolvimento da síndrome.
ADAPTAÇÃO CULTURAL DE UM INSTRUMENTO PARA AVALIAR AS INTERVENÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA À PESSOA COM DIABETES
Authors: Nunes Laura Barbosa , Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Rodrigues Malvina Thaís Pachêco , Lago Eliana Campêlo , Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Coêlho Magda Coeli Vitorino Sales
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: adaptar culturalmente a Escala de Educação Terapêutica para o Comportamento do Autocuidado à Pessoacom Diabetes para o português do Brasil. Método: estudo metodológico, com análise semântica e análise de conteúdo,realizado na cidade de Teresina, Piauí, entre janeiro e julho de 2017. Foi realizada avaliação das equivalências semântica,idiomática, cultural e conceitual por oito enfermeiros. Na análise de conteúdo, foi desenvolvido um brainstormingcom participação de 12 especialistas. A avaliação da pertinência prática, relevância e dimensão teórica foi feitapor sete profissionais experts. Resultado: as etapas de adaptação cultural foram bem-sucedidas, e as equivalênciassemântico-idiomáticas, culturais e conceituais foram suficientemente alcançadas. Dos 34 itens do instrumento, 29sofreram alterações. Obteve-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,93 para o conjunto total de itens. Conclusão:evidenciou-se que os itens são pertinentes à cultura brasileira e avaliam aspectos na perspectiva do instrumento original,demonstrando evidências da adaptação cultural.
The journey of having scabies–A qualitative study
Authors: Trettin Bettina , Lassen Jette Amstrup , Andersen Flemming , Agerskov Hanne
Published: September 2018

Background and objective: Scabies is considered to be a common skin infection in the field of dermatology, but it is also, by the World Health Organization referred to as a neglected disease. It can cause complications such as secondary infections linked to the development of glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, scabies is associated with stigma, shame and social isolation. To date no qualitative study, has explored this area in depth. The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of patients diagnosed with scabies.Methods: A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was applied and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants with scabies. Data were analyzed according to Ricoeurs’ theory of interpretation: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion.Results: The study revealed that patients were affected by uncontrollable and unbearable itching, which caused insomnia and distress, and lead to coping strategies to bring relief. Scabies was experienced as a never-ending journey, characterized by misdiagnosis, a long period of repeated treatment, and lack of information. Not knowing whether the disease had been cured resulted in feelings of insecurity and powerlessness. Scabies had an impact on everyday life caused by social withdrawal and due to feelings of shame, guilt and fear of rejection.Conclusions: Having scabies is a journey that consists of uncertainty and is characterized by misdiagnosis, long period of treatment and lack of knowledge. Having scabies can be stigmatized, causing loneliness and social withdrawal. Patients with scabies are in need of care, support and information regarding physical, emotional and social well-being.
Innovation Propensity in the Specialized Suppliers Industry
Authors: Di Cimbrini Tiziana , Maturo Fabrizio , Migliori Stefania , Paolone Francesco
Published: September 2018

The paper focuses on the effects of technology-push and demand-pull determinants on firm's innovation propensity comparing start-ups and established firms in the specialized suppliers' industry. Specifically, it explores technology-push and demand-pull effects in isolation and in their interaction using a sample of European firms in the period 2007-2009. Our main results show that either the technology-push and demand-pull determinants exert a positive impact on innovation propensity in both start-ups and established firms, Moreover, in start-ups, we discovered that the demand-pull determinant plays a strong moderating role in the relationship between innovation propensity and the technology-push determinant. The paper contributes in making managers more aware of the effect that some choices concerning the composition of the firm’s workforce may produce on the firm’s innovation propensity. There are also implications for policy makers whose overemphasis on demand pull incentives may disempower the positive effect of the technology determinant on the innovation propensity of start-ups. 
A Drivers of Islamic Bond Liquidity in Malaysia: Latent Liquidity Approach
Authors: Said Rusmawati , Wan Suhaimi Wan Nurhanan , Rahim Norhuda Abd , Haris Asmaddy
Published: September 2018

A steady liquidity level is an importance characteristic of a financial market, especially after the 2008 financial crisis. The Islamic financial market was virtually isolated from the crisis. It is interesting to explore the underlying determinants that stabilise a market’s liquidity level. This paper studies the determinants of a Sukuk’s liquidity level in the Malaysian bond market using a new liquidity measure known as latent liquidity. The measure does not require transaction data, which makes it applicable to an illiquid market such as the Malaysian bond market. Utilising data from the Malaysian bond market, the paper involves two steps of data analyses, namely an insight into the trend and the liquidity level of the Sukuk market. It then continues to investigate the driver of Sukuk’s liquidity using the latent liquidity as a proxy against five Sukuk characteristics in a random effect regression model. Four variables issuance amount, maturity, coupon rate, and age are found to be significant drivers of Sukuk’s liquidity level. Conclusions drawn from the regression results indicate Sukuk’s investors’ preference in matching long term Sukuk with their long term liabilities, in addition to their fondness for keeping their Sukuk to amortise the return.
The Role of Intellectual Capital in Overcoming the Slowing Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Kufepaksi Mahatma , - Gunawan
Published: September 2018

Intellectual capital is one of the important factors that play a major role in various economic activities. However, its position in overcoming economic problems in Indonesia is still not too much considered. Based on this, this study aims to describe the role of intellectual capital, especially the Human Capital dimension, in overcoming the economic slowdown in Indonesia.

The type of this research is qualitative. Research data in the form of secondary data is collected through documentation studies of data related to human capital and Indonesia’s economic growth, as well as the results of previous studies that have relevance to the topic of this study. The data is then analyzed using qualitative methods.

The results of this study are: 1) Intellectual capital has a fundamental role in overcoming the economic slowdown in Indonesia. One dimension of intellectual capital, namely human capital, can have a diverse role, both as a factor of production and as an economic policy maker, so that its existence and quality determine the success of the strategy formulation and its implementation to overcome the economic slowdown in Indonesia; and 2) The role of intellectual capital, especially human capital, can be realized if Indonesia changes its development paradigm to become more oriented towards the development of human resources quality.
INSTRUMENT DESIGN FOR CYBER RISK ASSESSMENT IN INSURABILITY VERIFICATION
Authors: Bartolini David Nicolas , Ahrens Andreas , Zascerinska Jelena
Published: September 2018

Cyber risk assessment for insurability verification has been paid a lot of research interest as cyber insurance represents a new dynamic segment of market with considerable growth potential for insurers. As customer’s practices and processes consistently lead to the final overall result, customer's behaviour has to be described in detail. The aim of the present paper is to design an instrument (questionnaire) for customer’s cyber risk assessment in insurability verification. The method for building an instrument (questionnaire) is empirical research. Empirical research is based on use of empirical evidence. A questionnaire with 11 questions is proposed.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENTLY USED WIRELESS ELECTRICAL VEHICLE CHARGING SOLUTIONS
Authors: Dobrzański Damian
Published: September 2018

This article describes the current systems for wireless electrical vehicles charging available for use and ideas how to improve efficiency of them, differences between active and passive (static) contactless charging and also institutions and companies which work on development this kind of technology.
Estudo do comportamento do Índice do Custo de Vida no Brasil, através da Análise Fatorial
Authors: Camargo Maria Emilia , Ansuj Angela Pellegrin
Published: September 2018

ln this paper, the factorial analysis was applied to verify the behaviour of the Cost of Living lndex of Brazil, from january 1980 to December 1984.
As transformações agrárias ocorridas nos municípios de Moji Mirim e Moji Guaçu, SP
Authors: Zibordi Antonio Francisco Guerreiro , Sanchez Miguel Cézar
Published: September 2018

The changes in the Brazilian rural environment became evidente especially after 1960, as a reflex of a governmente policy of incentive to agriculture and also as a consequence of attitudes taken from the moment of space occupation by man. The transformations will bemirrored not only in the space and production, but also in man's living conditions who in habits and works in such a space. Taking into account such transformations at the nacional level, studies were carried out in the Moji Mirim and Moji Guaçu counties emphasizing the degree of occurred a mechanization in agriculture in them and the problems found for the rural deveIopment to take place. It was verified that, in the analyzed space, the high degree of mechanization was not conducive to the desired rural development.
Peschiera australis (Muell. Arg.) Miers sobre o edema produzido por carragenina, na região plantar de ratos Wistar
Authors: Lazzaroto Doris Medianeira , Haesbaert Maria Edite , Eisinger Sônia Maria , Chagas Ana Maria
Published: September 2018

The Peschiera australis (Muell. Arg.) Miers is a plant from Southern Brasil that in popular use acts against snake poison because of that, we wanted to absorve the influence of Pescheria australie in edema evolution, since it is a strong sign of intoxication. We used Wistar rats divided into four groups. Pentobarbital (40 mg/kg Bady weight) was used as anestesic. The control group received carragenina the bottom of their feet and in 15 minutes intervals for hours the edema evolution wasy observed in plestesmograph. The second group received the same treatment but the used substance was Peschiera australis extract by oral route. In a third group extract was given by intraperitoneal route and in a fourth, by endovenous route. The given extract endovenous route was the only one that showed results in edema, provoking its involution, but not total disappearance.
Petrografia dos mármores de Caçapava do Sul, RS
Authors: Bortolotto Olavo José
Published: September 2018

The Caçapava do Sul region, State of Rio Grande do Sul, is characterized by the occurrence of a granitic batholith (Caçapava Granite), that has an outcrop of about 25 by 10 km, oriented North- South. The Caçapava Granite is surrounded by a belt of metamorphites belonging to the Porongos Group, assigned to Upper Precanbrian by RIBEIRO et alii: (1966). Among the metamorphites occur a carbonatic rock body, lens shaped, with clear contacts, interpenetrated by granitic apophises and with an outcrop of about 17 km2. Samples of this rock body were studied by microscopic, difratometry and spectrometry of X ray, electronic microprobe and chemical analyses aiming at identifying and characterizing the carbonatic and silicatic minerals. Through staining techniques it was possible to distinguish dolomite (Do), calcite (Cc) and ferriferous calcite (Ccf). The modal and chemical analysis showed that the carbonatic minerals were more abundant than the silicatic ones being these last ones restricted to of the rock bands. The detected silicatic minerals were the following: talc, tremolite, diopside, forsterite, chlorite and phlogopite. In smaller amounts titanite, apatite and quartz also occur. Serpentine resulting from alterations in the olivine is also very common. The final conclusion with these studies, about the carbonatic rocks, indicate that they are contact impure dolomitic marbles.
Estudo anatômico da madeira de Myrciaria tenella (DC.) Berg
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Muñiz Graciela I. Bolzón
Published: September 2018

The general and microscopic features of Myrciaria tenella (DC.) Berg are described in this paper. Quantitative data and photomicrographs of the anatomical structure are also presented. The most important characters found in the wood are just those cited in the literature concerned as predominant in family Myrtaceae.
Aspectos da estrutura foliar de Stevia cinerascens Sch. - Bip. (Compositae)
Authors: Lopes Amélia Moema Veiga , Achutti Maria Helena Cechella , Grassiolli Thereza , Bordignon Sérgio Augusto de Loreto
Published: September 2018

Leaves of odorous plants (sample A) and no odorous ones (sample B), showing diverse habits and growing in different habitats were studied. Clarified leaves were used for the blade architecture study and sections of alive and fixed leaves for the anatomical study. The determination of occupied area by epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes according to the stereological method was done. The structure of leaves is dorsiventral. They are amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata. The trichomes are simples conical, simple filiforme and biseriate vesicular glandular types. The venation is acrodromous. The vascular bundles have a collateral arrangement. The bundle sheath of the small vascular bundles located in the mesophyll is parenchymatic. The vessel members have simple perforation plates. Schizogenous secretory canals accompany the primary veins and sometimes the secondary veins. The collenchyma is present beneath the epidermis of the larger veins. The biseriate vesicular glandular trichomes differentiation, subtype α (sample A) and subtype β (sample B) and features frequent in sun (sample A) and shade leaves (sample B) are structural variation showed by these leaves.
Leporinus striatus kner, 1859 da Bacia do Ibicui, RS
Authors: Weis Maria Lacy Cezimbra , Bossemeyer Ilca Marion Knewitz
Published: September 2018

Twenty five specimens of fish commonly known as "pocketknife" fish, collected during icthyologic inventory from the basin of the Ibicui River between 1982 and 1985 were studied and recognized as Leporinus striatus Kner, 1859 and theyr meristic and morphometric data compared with the literature.