bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI STRUKTUR ORGANISASI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Udiyati Ardiani, Supardal
Published: July 2022

Penataan kelembagaan organisasi perangkat daerah dengan prinsip proporsional, efektif, dan efisien kini telah menjadi isu utama. Penataan kelembagaan diharapkan perangkat daerah menjadi organisasi yang efektif dalam menjalankan peran serta tugas dan fungsinya. Tiap daerah Kabupaten/Kota memiliki keunikan dan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda, kebutuhan terhadap beban kerja dan kemampuan daerah juga berbeda. Namun, di sisi lain, Pemerintah Daerah juga dituntut untuk melaksanakan penyesuaian terhadap regulasi yang ada, sehingga dalam prosesnya menimbulkan gap antara kebutuhan dan kemampuan Daerah dengan tuntutan kebijakan dari Pemerintah Pusat. Berdasarkan hasil penataan kelembagaan Sekretariat Daerah Kota Yogyakarta ada penambahan, pengurangan dan penggabungan Struktur Organisasi sehingga perlu diteliti terkait Struktur Organisasi Sekretariat Daerah Kota Yogyakarta yang ada sekarang, apakah sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi, menunjang Visi dan Misi Kota Yogyakarta serta memberikan pengelompokan yang logis dan efektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptiif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur organisasi Sekretariat Daerah Kota Yogyakarta disusun dengan mempertimbangkan asas efektivitas dan efisiensi sesuai kebutuhan dan kemampuan daerah. Sekretariat Daerah Kota Yogyakarta termasuk dalam kelembagaan Tipe A, dalam implementasinya struktur organisasi Sekretariat Daerah tidak di optimalkan sesuai dengan Tipe A tetapi menjadi Sekretaris Daerah, 3 Asisten, 8 Bagian dengan masing – masing terdiri atas 3 Subbagian. Dalam pelaksanaan masih ditemukan kendala bahwa belum dipahaminya ketugasan dan fungsi pada Bagian Kesejahteraan Rakyat dan Bagian Administrasi pembangunan, hal tersebut terjadi karena masih ada duplikasi ketugasan dengan perangkat daerah teknis lainnya.
PEMANFAATAN MODEL PENGELOLAAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA “SEJAHTERA” BAGI PEMERINTAH DESA DAN MASYARAKAT BLEBERAN
Authors: RY Gatot Raditya, Hardjono, Jaka Triwidaryanta
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini tentang penggunaan model BUMDesa sebagai usaha mewujudkan kesejahteraan sekaligus memberikan pendapatan bagi pemeintah desa. Kehadiran BUMDesa diharapkan tidak saja dapat menggerakkan roda perekonomian masyarakat desa, tetapi juga dapat berperan sebagai salah satu instrumen demokratisasi dan juga instrumen sosial untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan potensi lokal. BUMDesa sebagai instrument sosial, diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan kembali nilai-nilai sosial lokal, memunculkan keberpihakan dan kepedulian sosial terhadap kelompok-kelompok marginal. BUMDesa juga diharapkan dapat memberikan pendapatan desa karena penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa diharapkan didukung oleh institusi desa dengan memanfaatkan potensi desa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin menemukan model pengelolaan unit usaha yang dilakukan BUMDesa “SEJAHTERA” dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat Desa Bleberan. BUMDesa mengelola usaha Pengadaan Air Bersih, Simpan Pinjam dan objek Wisata. Pemasalahannya: Bagaimana model pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa dan kesejahteraan masyarakat? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan pengamatan terhadap kondisi lingkungan Desa dan BUMDesa, wawancara dengan pengurus unit usaha, pengguna air bersih, pedagang, anggota simpan pinjam, tokoh masyarakat dan pengelola objek wisata. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Tiga unit usaha tersebut mampu menyerap tenaga kerja lokal, dan dapat meningkatkan penghasilan bagi pekerja, pedagang, kelompok usaha dan pemilik home stay, sehingga mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Secara kelembagaan pengelolaan BUMDesa SEJAHTERA mampu meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa, memberikan kontribusi keuangan bagi seluruh warga desa
KONFLIK PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI OKSIBIL
Authors: Thesman Deisaple, Supardal
Published: July 2022

Konflik pada tanggal 12 April 2018 di Oksibil tepat hari ulang tahun Kabupaten Pegunungan Bintang yang ke-14 tahun itu hanya sebagai pemicu, karena faktor penyebab yang utama adalah ketidakpuasan warga masyarakat atas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh bupati karena telah menerapkan sistem Pemerintahan hierarki dan patron klien, dalam arti pelayanan publik berorientasi pada kelompok yang dekat dengan bupati saja, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpuasan warga. Untuk itu penelitian ini ingin mendeskripsikan konflik disebabkan pelayanan yang tidak memihak kepada publik. Penelitian terkait konflik pelayanan publik di Oksibil menggunakan metode kualitatif yang juga digunakan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif. Penelitian ini selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dan penyajian data secara sistematik yang kemudian disimpulkan berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak dan relevan. Relevansi data sebagaimana adanya dengan melakukan wawancara 17 (tujuh belas) informan dari stakeholder Kabupaten Pegunungan Bintang yang dipilih secara purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumen, selanjutnya data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan mendalam. Hasil penelitian terhadap konflik terjadi antar warga asli dengan Pemerintah Daerah yang merupakan pendatang. Selama ini tidak ada terbukaan dan cenderung tertutup dalam pengambilan kebijakan dan pelayanan publik di Kabupaten Pegunungan Bintang. Konflik juga dibackup oleh beberapa pemangku kepentingan politik, sehingga sulit dalam pengelolaan dan resolusi konflik vertikal yang terjadi di Oksibil.
Aplicação das ferramentas de qualidade numa empresa prestadora de serviços: uma análise bibliométrica por meio do Proknow-C
Authors: Nascimento Amanda Assunção , Servare Junior Marcos Wagner Jesus
Published: July 2022

A gestão de qualidade encontra-se progressivamente mais presente nas empresas prestadoras de serviços, uma vez que, atualmente entregar um serviço de qualidade para o cliente final está se tornando uma exigência por parte dos consumidores em geral. Isso implica dizer que é de extrema importância uma empresa manter-se no mercado por meio de um padrão adequado e, para isso, as ferramentas da qualidade foram desenvolvidas para auxiliar na melhoria dos serviços, além de encontrar soluções adequadas para os problemas que se manifestam nas organizações. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar o portfólio bibliográfico encontrado por meio do método ProKnow-C, o qual traz artigos relevantes em relação ao seguinte tema: Aplicação das ferramentas de qualidade numa empresa prestadora de serviços. O método ProKnow-C refere-se a uma análise quantitativa de artigos publicados em relação ao processo de busca e seleção. A partir desse estudo, foram identificados 16 artigos que constituem o portfólio bibliográfico, onde foram observados nestes trabalhos, os meios no qual foram publicados, o material que serviu de suporte para os trabalhos, além de suas contribuições no que se refere aos resultados dos artigos em relação a aplicação das ferramentas da qualidade.
Painless ischemia in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Habeeb Jabbar Mhawes
Published: July 2022

The main purpose of the current research work was to study the importance of the clinical identification of persons with painless ischemia in diabetes mellitus and discuss potential treatment interventions. The current study was conducted on articles published during the previous 15 years. Furthermore, recent references to retrieved research articles were studied. Unfortunately, over the last decade or two, another trend has emerged: the prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus has increased. The world’s population is aging, and older people are more likely to have trouble maintaining appropriate glucose levels during fasting or postprandial periods. These developments add to the world’s population’s ongoing burden of diabetes and heart disease. The research article reviews a study related to painless ischemia in diabetes mellitus This data covers obesity and other diabetes mellitus antecedents in middle-aged and elderly people all around the world. We resulted that painless ischemia in diabetes mellitus Preinfarct angina and classic myocardial infarction chest discomfort is usually absent. 3) They usually have congestive heart failure, which is frequently accompanied by painless myocardial ischemia during stress testing. Painless ischemia was more common in diabetics regardless of the severity of ischemia, but painless ischemia was less common in non-diabetics with severe ischemia. As a result, diabetic individuals with neuropathy and retinopathy should be managed with extra care.
Study of the bacterial and algal content of school tanks water in Salah Al-Din Governorate
Authors: Yassin Salma Khaled , Mustafa Saba Abdulkareem
Published: July 2022

The current study included determining some characteristics of water reservoirs in Salah al-Din Governorate from December 2020 until the end of July 2021, and comparing the results with Iraqi and international drinking water standards. Samples were collected every month from each station for eight months during the study period. The study included the following chemical properties (dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen requirement), and biological properties (calculating the total number of bacteria, and diagnosing algae). The results showed that the dissolved oxygen values ​​ranged between (5.0-11.9) mg/L, while the biological requirements values ​​ranged from (1.1-7.5) mg/L. Examination of the total number of bacteria showed high levels in the winter. 23 species of algae belonging to 3 phyla were isolated and identified.
Therapeutic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn on some physiological variables in male white mice exposed to oxidative stress
Authors: Hazem Alabbasy Raghad
Published: July 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic effect of the water extract of the Hibiscus sabdariffa lin and its effect as an antioxidant on some physiological variables in male white mice exposed to oxidative stress induced by ethanol. Twenty adult white male mice aged 2-3 months were used with weights ranging from 20-30 g, divided into four groups of 5 rats per group. The groups were as follows: control group (G1), second group (G2) was given 5% of ethanol and the third group (G3) was given ethanol and water extract for Hibiscus sabdariffa lin at a concentration of 10%, and (G4) group was given ethanol and water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa lin at a concentration of 20.
Factors Influencing Employee Retention in 3-Star Hotels: Evidence from New Juaben North Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Siaw Gladys Apreh , Agbenyeke Lucy Eyram , Gyasi Grace Owusu , Afari  Beatrice
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Hotels spend millions of dollars every year on recruitment processes. Nevertheless, employee retention rate has not been encouraging among hotels in Ghana. This paper therefore assessed the factors influencing employee retention in 3-star hotels in New Juaben North Municipality of Ghana.

Methodology: The explanatory research design was employed, and a representative sample of 102 employees were randomly selected and included in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the analysis. Multiple regression models were used to estimate hypothesised unadjusted and adjusted relationships between employee retention and potential retention factors – training and development, wages and compensation, performance appraisal, work-life balance, job satisfaction and job security.

Findings: First, adjustment with the factors showed significant effects of training and development, wages and compensation, performance appraisal, work-life balance, job satisfaction and job security on employee retention. Next, control for employees’ characteristics revealed significant relationships of training and development, wages and compensation, performance appraisal, work-life balance, job satisfaction and job security with employee retention.

Recommendation: The findings suggested that improvement in these explanatory factors would result in high employee retention rate in 3-star hotels in the New Juaben North Municipality. Thus, managements of these hotels should channel efforts into improving work conditions of their employees.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL BASES OF ORGANIC DYSPEPSIA IN BENIN CITY – A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY OF 186 CASES
Authors: I Obahiagbon , OH Egbo
Published: July 2022

Dyspepsia is a symptom complex characterized by features which include epigastric pain or discomfort, belching, bloating and heart burn amongst others, and is one of the commonest indications for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathological bases of organic dyspepsia in this environment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy specimens from 186 patients diagnosed with organic dyspepsia in our centre over the 6-month study period were the materials for the study. These were subjected to tissue processing and histopathological examination. The vast majority of the cases of organic dyspepsia had their histopathological bases in the stomach, mostly from various forms of chronic and reactive gastritis, with occasional cases of gastric mucosal ulcers and frank malignancies. Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis continues to underlie most organic causes of dyspepsia in our environment.
ASSESSMENT OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) AS A PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY IN AFRICA
Authors: ORUGBO Voke Peter , ATOE Kenneth
Published: July 2022

Several epidemics have posed a serious threat to global public health, notably the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, which claimed the lives of 800 people out of an estimated 8 000 cases. With the emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a new public health crisis is threatening the world (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has claimed the lives of almost 1•8 million people. The WHO declared the COVID-19 epidemic, which is focused in Wuhan, central China, a global health emergency on January 30, 2020. Individuals, as well as state and local governments, have all responded differently to the pandemic. COVID-19 precautions include keeping a safe distance, washing hands, and wearing masks, among others. Others are less stringent in requiring these safeguards or outright prohibiting high-risk behavior. Some cities, towns, and communities have closed or imposed restrictions on how many people are allowed inside at any given time, while others have remained open as usual. Masks and physical isolation in public settings are advocated or even required by some government and community leaders. Others believe it is a matter of personal taste. Masks and physical separation in public places are advocated or even required by some government and community leaders. Others argue that it is simply a matter of personal preference. COVID is now a global pandemic and an emergency, not just a matter of personal views. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 complications have been shown to influence age and gender. Comorbidities were found to enhance the risk of infection in cases that were found. To stop coronavirus pandemic it’s crucial to have access to safe and effective vaccines, so seeing many vaccines being developed and tested is quite encouraging. The corona virus 19 dilemma is has influence the global economy as well as Africa’s. As a result of the pandemic, certain critical areas of the African economy are already slowing. Tourism, aviation travel, and the oil industry are all affected. Over the decade 2000-2010, Africa’s growth improved dramatically. Many forms of conspiracies have been underway in numerous nations as a result of the government's exploitation of the COVID-19 as a vehicle for getting funds from other countries. In this class, conspiracy theories include assertions that the virus was manufactured in China to alleviate the overcrowding problem, while the virus was created in Europe to remove the elderly. Individuals, as well as state and local governments, have responded to the pandemic in a variety of ways. Some people take COVID-19 precautions such as staying a safe distance, washing their hands, and wearing masks.
Paperless Enrollment System: Functionality and Credibility as an Online Platform
Authors: Hayagan Niño V.
Published: July 2022

It is a fact that dozens of Universities and Colleges already have the online platform long before the pandemic. They both have an online enrollment system and electronic learning for online classes however this way of learning is in least priorities since the usual way is by going to school premises and process the enrollment physically. Face to face classes as well is the focus of every school organization since it promotes personal interaction which is essential to develop and boost confidence among students. This usual way of learning needs an immediate change and require an effective solution during the pandemic. It puts everybody on their individual houses and stops us to almost everything we are doing outside our home. A rapid fall to every country’s economy and a widespread scarcity for food is one of the main problem we face. Online processes is the key in order not to violate all safety protocols being implemented. Online Enrollment System is needed to be prioritize and improve as students can’t afford to discontinue and skip taking their remaining semester and subjects in school. Creating the Online System is a huge advantage for parents, students and to the school itself. Since it is an online platform, it can cater all incoming students, current students and returnees which will ease the hustle as it is a comfortable way in terms of filing documents for enrollment.
Perceptions of Teachers Towards Inclusive Education: The Case of Early Childhood Centres in Sissala East District
Authors: Mohammed Ali Yaaku Sumani , Badu Seth
Published: July 2022

The study investigated teacher perception towards inclusive education in Early Childhood Centres in Sissala East District in Upper West Region, Ghana. The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. A sample of 150 teachers in the Early Childhood Education centres were selected using census and homogeneous sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data while qualitative data were analysed in themes. The study found that: most early childhood teachers in the Sissala East District had a positive perception of inclusive education. It was also evident that most early childhood teachers in the Sissala East District believe that factors such as lack of teacher training; insufficient resources; limited administrative support; teachers’ attitudes; large class sizes and poor building infrastructure influence their perception of inclusive education. The study concluded that teachers in early childhood centres within the Sissala East District have a positive view of inclusive education. However, variables such as a lack of teacher training, insufficient resources, limited administrative support, teachers’ attitudes, large class numbers, and inadequate building infrastructure impact their perspective of inclusive education. Based on the key findings, the study recommended that teachers in early childhood centres in Sissala East District should be motivated by early childhood coordinators and headteachers to have positive perceptions of inclusive education. Again, the ministry of education should offer enough and consistent teacher support services, such as teaching assistants, and continuous professional development programmes to improve the efficacy of inclusion and minimise teacher stress.
Assessing the effect of gas temperature on gas well performance
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Phu , Nguyen Van Hoanh , Ta Quoc Dung , Le The Ha
Published: July 2022

Gas temperature is an essential parameter in estimating production rate and pressure model inside the production tubing. Three heat transfer mechanisms named as conduction, convection and radiation have been applied to identify the gas temperature declination. Gas wells with bottom hole temperature greater than 160oC and gas rates reaching 55 million standard ft3 per day (MMscf/d) indicate a higher heat loss due to convection than the other two mechanisms. Conduction is the main factor in explaining heat diffusion to the surrounding at the top of the well. The study presents a strong similarity in value compared to the field data by combining Gray correlation and heat transfer model to predict the bottom hole pressure with an error of approximately 3%. Additionally, the gas temperature affects gas rate prediction through gas viscosity and Z factor. With the gas composition mostly containing C1 (70.5%), gas viscosity and Z coefficient at the wellhead are not as high as 0.017 cp and 0.92 respectively. It is possible to have a two-phase flow, then a temperature model along the production tubing is necessary to ensure the gas production rate.
A CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE OS NUTRIENTES E A EVOLUÇÃO E O PROGNOSTICO DA DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
Authors: Rodrigues de Oliveira Lara Rafaela , Santos Thiago Augusto dos , Aquino de Toledo Diego , Leite Dornelas Ana Lucia , De Castro Moreira Maria Eliza
Published: July 2022

O Alzheimer é a doença neurodegenerativa mais relacionada à idade, sendo descritas diversas manifestações cognitivas e neuropsiquiátricas que acarretam  deficiência progressiva e incapacitação. A partir da evolução clínica dos casos, outras alterações associadas à memória e cognição foram evidenciadas, sendo citada como fator de retardo da evolução da doença o padrão de alimentação do sênior. Este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar a relação entre a nutrição e a progressão da doença de Alzheimer, tanto como forma de prevenção quanto melhoras dos quadros clínicos dos portadores. Metodologia: Foram analisados artigos originais, cujas pesquisas foram realizadas nas plataformas eletrônicas United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Google Acadêmico (Academic Google). Conclusão: Com a evolução deste trabalho foi possível revisar, na literatura médica, os principais aspectos que revelam o desenvolvimento/retardo da doença de Alzheimer e sua relação com a alimentação do idoso. Assim, os estudos demonstraram que a nutrição está diretamente relacionada com o prognóstico da Doença.
Molecular Identification and Species Richness of Flies (Diptera) and Their Associated Bovidae Hosts at Cattle Farms in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Yaakop Salmah , Amiruddin Puteri Amira , Mohammed Muhamad Azmi , Badrulisham Aqilah Sakinah , Zulkifli Nadiatur Akmar , Mohd Nadzir Mohd Noor Hisham
Published: July 2022

Flies (Diptera) play a significant role in the ecosystem as pollinators and decomposers, and they are also important vermin and disease vectors. Studies on the dipteran species are still lacking in Malaysia; therefore, the dipteran species’ biology, morphology, distribution, and abundance are necessary. The objectives of this study were to identify dipteran species using a molecular approach, determine flies’ Bovidae hosts, and investigate the diversity of the fly’s species at three different cattle farms purposively selected in Selangor, Malaysia. The fly species were identified using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) (Haematopota javana, Tabanus rubidus, Tabanus fontinalis, Iranihindia martellata, Musca domestica, and Chrysomya megacephala), while another six species only up to genus level ( Haematopota sp. 1, Musca sp. 1, Asilus sp., Metopia sp., Anasillomos sp., and Ommatius sp.). In addition, two species of hosts: Bos indicus and Bos taurus, were proven to be the associated host species for the dipteran species based on molecular data of cytochrome b (cytb). However, there were no significant differences between farms in species diversity and richness (F = 1.262, df = 2, p = 0.2459 >0.05). Interestingly, the two most dominant dipteran genera collected from the cattle farms were Musca and Chrysomya. At the same time, its abundance may have been influenced by the structure of the cattle cage flooring, which serves as a breeding site and food source. These findings contribute to fundamental epidemiological data in developing control strategies for dipteran species and are of great economic and health importance to livestock production in Malaysia.
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) on Rice Irrigation
Authors: Fazlil Ilahi Wan Fazilah , Abu Hassan Nur Hidayu , Che’Ya Nik Norasma , Ismail Mohd Razi , Berahim Zulkarami , Zakaria Nurul Idayu , Omar Mohamad Husni
Published: July 2022

In Malaysia, numerous methods have been subsequently established subjected to water-saving irrigation aiming to improve the common conventional irrigation system. However, among the most preferred water-saving method, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation adoption are presently in paddy cultivation yet has very limited information, especially locally. Hence, this study intended to propose two treatments, namely continuously flooded (control) and AWD irrigation, to investigate the feasibility of AWD implementation. The experiment was conducted at the paddy field of Padang Raja Kelantan, Malaysia. From the result, the agronomic performance was evaluated by several attributes under the growth performance evaluation, grain yield performance evaluation, and chlorophyll measurement. Statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data, and both growth, yield performances, and chlorophyll content resulted in no significant difference at p < 0.05, a 95% confidence level.
Musical Performers of an Ancient Egyptian Harem?
Authors: Bělohoubková Dana
Published: July 2022

The institution pr-hnr was translated as a harem in traditional Egyptological literature. From the 1980s, the interpretation as a Group of Performers is used, especially for the period of Old and Middle Kingdoms. The objective of this paper is to show continuity in the functioning of the studied institution and to demonstrate how the original translation was incorporated into the Egyptological studies.
Two Mongolian Ritual Texts from the Early 19th Century:
Authors: Srba Ondřej
Published: July 2022

This article intends to publish two Mongolian manuscripts from the Mongolian ritual manuscripts project (Masaryk University) representing two ritual genres rarely occurring among Mongolian texts: an offering text (mchod pa, sang) related to the veneration of the mountain Dasibalbar in contemporary Khentei aimag and the text for the “stability of life” (zhabs brtan, ölmei batudqaqu) of the newly recognized Fifth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu which was addressed to him before his arrival to Mongolia. Both texts are linked by the common time of their creation about the arrival of the Fifth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (1815–1841) to Khalkha. The paper includes transcription and translation of the texts accompanied by commentaries about the genres they represent and circumstances of their composition. The article raises questions about bilingualism and the role of Mongolian in the Buddhist ritual.
Ilum-asu. A Scribe from Irisagrig
Authors: Widell Magnus
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to offer an overview of the administrative activities of the Ur III official Ilumasu and his family, who worked as scribes in the important administrative centre Irisagrig in southern Mesopotamia, during the final century of the third millennium BC. Ilumasu’s father Bibi provided foodstuff as rations to the female (sesame) oil pressers (mostly different types of birds and animals), and Ilumasu and his two brothers (Mašum and Ašgi-ibra) can all be attested as the recipients of provisions for this group of workers in the city, in some cases directly from their father. The activities of Ilumasu and his family of scribes illustrate the importance of familial affiliations and kinship groupings within the institutional economy of the Ur III state, and demonstrate that administrative roles within the public households often would transcend generations. The article argues that the institutional households of the Ur III state regularly relied on, and even took advantage of, existing hereditary structures and kinship ties within the society as a whole.
The Female Fat-tailed Sheep in Palaeography and the Administration of Drehem during the Ur III Period
Authors: Liu Changyu
Published: July 2022

The Sumerian cuneiform term for the “female fat-tailed sheep”, written as either U8+HUL2 or u8 gukkal, is attested in different administrative documents issued by the Puzriš-Dagan organization (modern Drehem in Iraq) dating to the period between Šulgi 44 and Šu-Suen 6 —mostly from Šulgi 47 to Amar-Suen 8 during the Third Dynasty of Ur (also Ur III, ca. 2112-2004 BCE). This study aims to identify the attestations and frequency of the two variants in palaeography from the Ur III Drehem texts as they appear chronologically, and attempts to figure out the reason why the ancient scribes chose one writing over the other. Four administrative texts categories, mu-kux(DU) “delivery”, i3-dab5 “transfer”, ba-zi “expenditure” and šu ba-ti “receipt”, presented the regular formulas with the specific officials attested in the Ur III Drehem texts recording the female fat-tailed sheep. It will also address why they differentiated their writing according to the documentation by comparing images of their cuneiform tablets. One reason is that the ancient scribes in the Puzriš-Dagan organization were replaced with the enthronement of Amar-Suen. But the more likely interpretation is that there was a written change that happened during the reign of Amar-Suen.
Digital Being(s)
Authors: Paunksnis Šarūnas
Published: July 2022

The article analyses the centrality of new media platforms in the everyday life of contemporary India. It claims that the representations of everyday life saturated with media technology in films and web series helps us to understand the ways new media has become central to the life experience in India over a rather short period. By engaging with philosophical and sociological theories, and by approaching the question and the theory through several cinematic examples, the article shall probe the ways in which we have become digital beings, and to which extent this has been mediated by neoliberal capitalism, as the platforms are lucrative business ventures of different global media corporations. The article claims that COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns in 2020 and 2021 resulted in many different attempts to articulate the centrality of technology to our everyday life. Various films and web series released during the pandemic and commenting on the effect of the pandemic on our everyday life, attempt to demonstrate, at least in part, the creative power of technology in India and shows ways how technology helps forge an alternative sociality under the regime of social distancing. However, the article takes a critical stance in demonstrating that media technologies, their impact on our everyday life and the logic that govern them are far more problematic than it seems.
GEOCONSERVATION IN THE CANYONS OF THE POTI RIVER: AN EPISTEMOGEOMORPHOLOGICAL DISCUSSION IN THE UPPER COURSE, THE CASE OF CEARÁ/ GEOCONSERVAÇÃO NOS CÃ‚NIONS DO RIO POTI: UMA DISCUSSÃO EPISTEMOGEOMORFOLÓGICA NO CURSO SUPERIOR, O CASO CEARENSE
Authors: LEANDRO DA COSTA SOARES FRANCISCO , INGRID BEZERRA GOMES PAIVA FLAVIA
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho explicita a necessidade da consolidação de uma Unidade de Conservação-UC na porção do curso superior do Rio Poti no estado do Ceará. A objeção visa abordar sobre a implementação e a aplicação dos aspectos da geoconservação e da epistemogeomorfologia na referida área de estudo. Na menção de fundamentar este trabalho, apropriamos de referências bibliográficas sobre a temática e das análises teóricas sobre Geografia Física e Epistemologia. Como resultados, obteve-se que a implementação de políticas públicas que desenvolvam esta região desde que a discussão sobre a educação ambiental, educacional e geográfica estejam em seu âmago central de aplicação e desenvolvimento. A histórica devastação e degradação do Bioma Caatinga pelas ações humanas simbolizam no século XXI e nas ações subsequentes a necessidade de expandir sua existência e conservação.
Early Versus Interval Cholecystectomy in Mild Acute Biliary Pancreatitis. A Retrospective Study in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sidra Mehmood Dar  , Anam Saeed  , Jamal Nasir Malik  , Sadaf Batool  , Jahangir Sarwar Khan
Published: July 2022

Objective: The objective is to determine the adequacy of early cholecystectomy (EC) versus interval cholecystectomy (IC) in terms of recurrence, duration of hospital admission, and perioperative complications after mild acute biliary pancreatitis (MABP).
Methodology:Â After endorsement from the ethical committee, clinical data and files of all the admitted patients having MABP in the general surgery department of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, was collected retrospectively from August 2017 to July 2020. The patientsâ€™ demographic profile, clinical findings, diagnostic investigations, timing of cholecystectomy, operating surgeons, operative time, biliary complications, intraoperative bleeding, conversion rate, duration of admission, and recurrence were reviewed. Patients presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, or fever. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of a CT scan of the abdomen showing an inflamed pancreas and stones in the gallbladder. Outcomes were compared and reviewed between the two groups.
Results:Â In this research proposal, 263 patients admitted were analyzed. EC was performed were discharged after conservative management and followed up after 12 weeks for interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy (IC). It was observed in patients of IC (EC 2 [1.2%] vs IC 7[7%]; p value <0.01) while duration of hospitalization was prolonged as compared to patients of EC (EC 5.53+0.58days vs IC 5.82+0.78days; p value <0.001). lar in both EC and IC.
Conclusion:Â EC performed after MABP is associated with shorter duration of hospitalization and reduced recurrence with similar rate of perioperative complications.
Correlation of Body Mass index with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fatima Khan  , Wajahat Aziz  , Saleha Farrukh  , Uzma Rasheed  , Shazia Zammarrud
Published: July 2022

Objective:Â  To evaluate correlation between body mass index and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Methodology: This comparative case-control observational study was conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, on rheumatoid arthritis patients visiting the (Out Patient Departments) OPDs between July, 2021 and December, 2021.The study subjects were selected by non-probability convenient sampling from outpatient department. Body mass index and disease activity score were calculated for rheumatoid arthritis patients in OPD. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for data analysis. Mean Â± S.D was calculated for age, body mass index and disease activity.Â  Pearsonâ€™s correlation coefficient was used for establishing an association between variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Simple scatter with fit line was plotted to show graphical association between body mass index and disease activity.
Â Results: A total 60 patients with 35 (58.3%) female and 25(41.7%) were male. The mean age was 47.21 years. The mean DAS-28 for normal weight group was 2.74 and for overweight group was 4.17. There was positive correlation between body mass index and DAS-28 with r was 0.584 (p<0.05). When correlation on gender basis was calculated, for female patients r was 0.653 and for males 0.529, respectively.Â 
Conclusion: In Rheumatoid Arthritis patients, body mass index is positively correlated with disease activity. Evaluation of this requires trial on large scale, thus, helping in tailoring new management plan, including, weight reduction rather than escalating drug treatment for disease control and improving quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Autoimmune Presentations in A tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Rashid Arsala , Mukarrama Rashid  , Nabila Aslam  , Sheikh Huma , Kashif Ambareen , Ayesha Khanum
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of presenting features and complication in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at the Hematology department, King Edward Medical University and affiliated hospitals, from July to December 2017. For every patient, a through clinical and dermatological examination, abdominal ultrasound , bone marrow examination was done. Afresh 3 ml blood sample for CBC, immune profile, and serum testing was collected by a syringe using aseptic technique. A complete blood count was carried out using Automated Haematology Analyzer (Sysmex KX-21) and chemical examination was done on Beckman Coulter Beckman coulter. Reticulocyte count was done and direct antiglobulin test using coombâ€™s reagent was done. Every patient was evaluated for the creteia of SLE and was categorized accordingly.
Results: Out of the 150 patients enrolled in the study, 122(81.3%) were male and 28(18.7%) patients were female. The mean age was 65.8 Â± 1.33 years with the majority of patients falling in the group of 71- 80 years. Out of 150 patients, 40 (26.7%) had coombs positive. Most of the patients who had coombs positive were in stage 4. The patients who presented with complications such as paraneoplastic pemphigus were 1 out of 150 patients. Splenomegaly was found in 87.3 % of all CLL patients with 13.33% presented with massive splenomegaly .Angioedema was found in 2 out of 150 patients. No case of SLE, Sjogren s syndrome Churg strauss Syndrome, Vasculitis or Richters Trasnformation was found.
Conclusion: Detection of complications in a significant number of CLL patients is related to disease progression and overall survival. The treatment modalities are different in different causes of anaemia and complications due to CLL. It will help the clinicians in modifying the treatment and decreasing the misery of patients due toÂ  co morbidities.
Presentation and Management Outcome of Unilateral and Bilateral Prominent Ears with Standard Otoplasty Techniques
Authors: Muhammad Hamayun Shinwari  , Ullah Irfan , Muhammad Bilal
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the outcome of otoplasty in terms of a satisfactory cosmetic outcome and any postoperative complications.
Methodology: This descriptive case series was carried out over a period of five years from January 2017 to December 2021 at the Burn and Trauma Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Patients of all ages and genders who presented with prominent ears and underwent corrective procedures at our institute were included. Patients who were unwilling to undergo surgery or who did not consent to inclusion in the study were excluded. Patients with constricted ears, cryptotia, shell ears, and question mark ears were also excluded.
Results: Out of 45 patients, 29 (64.44%) were females and 16 (35.55%) were males. Their ages ranged between 11-30 years, with a mean of 22.28Â±5.49 years. The anomaly was bilateral in 84.44% (n = 38) of the patients, while 15.55% (n=7) patients had unilateral defects. 57.7% (n=26) of the patients were unmarried, whereas 42.3% (n=19) were married. All the patients had satisfactory cosmetic outcomes. Various complications encountered included extrusion of sutures (n=3; 6.66%) and superficial wound infection (n=1; 2.22%).
Conclusion: Correction of the prominent ears with the standard otoplasty techniques yields satisfactory cosmetic results. Lasting results can be achieved by combining different otoplasty techniques that are stable over time.
Comparison of Fully Deflated with Partially Inflated Technique for Ease of Insertion of Laryngeal Mask Airways in Adults
Authors: Munir Mehwish , Batool Fizza , Rasool Qudsia , Nazir Ayesha , Salem shahani Arshad , Malik Anum
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the frequency of ease of insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) between fully deflated and partially inflated laryngeal mask airway, in anesthetized mechanically ventilated adult patients undergoing different non-emergency short-term surgical and gynecological procedures.
Methodology: A total of 104 patients were recruited in this RCT. Using computer generated random numbers, patients were allocated to two groups: fully deflated LMAs in A and partially inflated LMAs in B. Pre-operative assessment was done and informed consent was taken. All subjects were 20â€“40 years of age, ASA-I and ASA- II, planned for short surgical and gynaecological cases (elective) that required general anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Premedication with 2 mg midazolam IV was done 30 minutes before the start of the operation. Monitors were attached. One 18G cannula was maintained. IV fluids were administered to each patient as per patientâ€™s and procedure's requirements. Pre-oxygenation was done with 100% oxygen with a face mask for three minutes. Glycopyrrolate IV 0.2mg/kg and nalbuphine IV 0.15mg/kg were given to all at induction by an anesthetist.
Results:Â  In Group A, 98% of patients had ease of insertion while 2% of patients didnâ€™t have ease of insertion, whereas in Group B 90% of patients had ease of insertion and 10% of patients didnâ€™t. Ease of insertion was measured by the number of attempts (first attempt insertion â€“ ease of insertion).
Conclusion: Our study concludes that the fully deflated technique is superior as compared to the partially inflated technique in terms of easier insertion in Laryngeal mask airways.
The Role of Serum C - reactive protein, White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophils Percentage in the Diagnosis of Childhood Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Hajira Sabir  , Farhana Shehzad  , Aqsa Anam
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the role of CRP, white cell count, and granulocytosis in accurately diagnosing acute appendicitis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value negative predictive values of these tests was calculated. Â 
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the immunology department of the Childrenâ€™s Hospital and University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore over a period of six months from July 2019 to December 2019. A total of 91 suspected patients with acute appendicitis were included. The blood samples were collected from the patients and immediately sent to the lab for estimating serum CRP, WBC count and Neutrophil Percentage (Nu %). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy were calculated for each test, and then the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy were calculated.
Results: The mean values of CRP, WBC, and Nu % were 59.44 mg/L, 15.30 uL, and 76% respectively, among the 71 patients with acute appendicitis. The mean values of CRP, WBC, and Nu % in another group of patients with non-specific abdominal pain were 29.13mg/L, 9.05/uL, and 62.93 percent, respectively. Â The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of these 3 tests 93.87%, 83.63%, 88.5%, 92% and 63.63% respectively.
Conclusion: The combination of clinical indications and symptoms, as well as tests of serum CRP, WBC count, and neutrophils percentage, can improve pre-surgical decision-making and rescue children from both negative surgery and appendix complications if left untreated.
Tree Stress from Salts and Herbicides
Authors: Smith Elton
Published: July 2022

Trees are damaged from both salts used in deicing highways and herbicides used for weed control. Aerial salt sprays lifted by traffic are more damaging to trees than soil accumulations. Salt injury can be reduced by applying antidesiccants, constructing physical barriers, leaching soils, incorporating activated charcoal and planting high and away from salt spray and runoff. The most damaging pre-emergence herbicides include simazine and dichlobenil while dicamba, 2,4-D and related compounds are the most harmful post-emergence chemicals. Prevent injury from herbicides by proper chemical selection, application at desired rate, with accurately calibrated equipment on a day when drift is minimized. Avoid soil residues, treating susceptible cultivars and treating under plant stress conditions. Activated charcoal can be used to detoxify many herbicides in the soil.
Plant a Tree and Save a City
Authors: McGuire John
Published: July 2022

American cities need to maintain and improve their natural environment through urban forestry. The role of leading, coordinating, and stimulating an urban forestry program has been given by Congress to the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. The action role, however, for urban forestry must remain with those who can do the best job — the States, cities, and private industry. To be successful, an urban forestry program must be closely tied to a related fields. Finally, an urban forestry program can be successful only through very close cooperation of all sectors —the Federal agencies, State and local governments, universities, professional organizations, and private industry.
Incidence and Management of Canker Stain in London Plane Trees in Modesto, California
Authors: Perry Ed , McCain Arthur
Published: July 2022

London Plane trees in Modesto, California, are seriously threatened by canker stain, a fungus disease that has destroyed many plane trees in the eastern and southern United States. Current efforts to prevent the spread of the disease in park and street trees include the experimental use of the fungicide thiabendazole. Chemical disinfection of tools is also used when pruning plane trees. In some cases, healthy trees bordering infected trees are removed to prevent disease spread by root grafts.
Tree Declines: Four Concepts of Causality
Authors: Sinclair W.A. , Hudler G.W.
Published: July 2022

The term decline refers to premature progressive loss of vigor and health, not necessarily to any specific disease or disorder. Any case of decline can be explained on one of four bases. 1. A tree may decline primarily as the result of chronic irritation by a single agent. 2. A tree may decline because of damage by secondary agents after an injurious event such as defoliation or major wounding. The same agents would not cause decline in an uninjured tree, and the injury alone would not cause decline. 3. Chronic irritation by one or more agents may diminish the tolerance or resistance of a tree to another agent that then incites decline. Various factors including those that predisposed the tree and incited decline may then contribute to further decline. 4. Trees of similar age growing in groups tend to display group behaviour including premature senescence (synchronous cohort senescence) in response to stress.
The Use of Electric Chain Saws in Arboricultural Education
Authors: Ball John
Published: July 2022

Few colleges offer arboriculture training with chain saws. However, this training provides valuable skills that are utilized by commercial arborists everyday. An electric chain saw has many advantages over its gas counterparts for training. A procedure for utilizing electric chain saws in arboricultural training is outlined.
Tree Wound Closure
Authors: Neely Dan
Published: July 2022

Trunk wounds that injure both xylem and phloem can structurally weaken trees, reduce translocation of sap, and provide entry for insects or inoculation sites for disease organisms. Rapid wound closure is beneficial. Illinois data indicate that wound closure is directly related to tree vigor, that large wounds close more in 1 year than small wounds, that wounds less than 12 mm wide are likely to close in 1 year, that annually inflicted wounds less than 25 mm in diameter are not likely to slow tree growth, and that wounds on slow-growing trees close more per unit of radial trunk growth than wounds on fast-growing trees.