bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTROL OF CONDUCTANCE AND MAGNETORESISTANCE OF MOLECULAR JUNCTIONS
Authors: WANG YUN-PENG , CHENG HAI-PING , TAO LING-LING , HAN XIU-FENG
Published: June 2014

Spin-dependent transport through a family of biphenyl-dithiolate molecules was investigated theoretically. Torsion angles ϕ between the two phenyl rings in these molecules can be chemically tuned. Calculated conductances of molecular junctions are proportional to cos 2ϕ, but their magnetoresistances are nearly independent on ϕ. Calculation results indicate that resistances and magnetoresistances of molecular junctions can be engineered separately.
VNIR spectral characteristics of terrestrial igneous effusive rocks: mineralogical composition and the influence of texture
Authors: Carli C. , Serventi G. , Sgavetti M.
Published: June 2014

Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy is an important technique with which to map mineralogy and mineralogical variations across planetary surfaces using remotely sensed data. Absorption bands in this spectral range are due to electronic or molecular processes directly related to mineral families or specific compositions. Effusive igneous rocks are widely recognized materials distributed on the surfaces of terrestrial planets, and are formed by primary minerals that can be discriminated by electronic absorptions (e.g. crystal field absorption). In this paper, we review the current knowledge of effusive rock compositions obtained by crystal field absorption in VNIR reflectance spectroscopy, and consider how different petrographical characteristics influence the mineralogical interpretation of such rock compositions. We show that: (1) the dominant mineralogy can be clearly recognized for crystalline material, especially with relatively large crystal dimension groundmass or high porphyritic index; (2) both grain and crystal size are important factors that influence the spectra of effusive rocks where groundmass is generally characterized by microscopic crystals; and (3) glassy dark components in the groundmass reduce or hide the crystal field absorption of mafic minerals or plagioclase otherwise expected to be present.
Pattern recognition
Authors: Klein Freada Kapor , Díaz-Hernández Ana
Published: June 2014

Most people like to believe they judge others on their merits, and not by their gender or ethnicity. Neuroscience has shown this isn't always the case, so what can we do about it?
Campus for moms
Authors: Lifshitz-Yadin Liron , Raijman-Aharonov Daniela
Published: June 2014

Having a baby and taking a new start. A program for women on maternity leave, teaches them how to give birth to a startup.
Rescue of cardiac leptin receptors indb/dbmice prevents myocardial triglyceride accumulation
Authors: Hall Michael E. , Maready Matthew W. , Hall John E. , Stec David E.
Published: June 2014

Increased leptin levels have been suggested to contribute to cardiac hypertrophy and attenuate cardiac lipid accumulation in obesity, although it has been difficult to separate leptin's direct effects from those caused by changes in body weight and adiposity. To determine whether leptin attenuates cardiac lipid accumulation in obesity or directly causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we generated a novel mouse model in which the long form of the leptin receptor (LepR) was “rescued” only in cardiomyocytes of obese db/db mice. Reexpression of cardiomyocyte leptin receptors in db/db mice did not cause LVH but reduced cardiac triglycerides and improved cardiac function. Compared with lean wild-type (WT) or db/db-cardiac LepR rescue mice, db/db mice exhibited significantly lower E/A ratio, a measurement of early to late diastolic filling, which averaged 1.5 ± 0.07 in db/db vs. 1.9 ± 0.08 and 1.8 ± 0.11 in WT and db/db-cardiac LepR rescue mice, respectively. No differences in systolic function were observed. Although db/db and db/db-cardiac LepR rescue mice exhibited similar increases in plasma triglycerides, insulin, glucose, and body weight, cardiac triglycerides were significantly higher in db/db compared with WT and db/db cardiac LepR rescue mice, averaging 13.4 ± 4.2 vs. 3.8 ± 1.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.7 mg/g, respectively. These results demonstrate that despite significant obesity and increases in plasma glucose and triglycerides, db/db cardiac LepR rescue mice are protected against myocardial lipid accumulation. However, we found no evidence that leptin directly causes LVH.
Connection-type-specific biases make uniform random network models consistent with cortical recordings
Authors: Tomm Christian , Avermann Michael , Petersen Carl , Gerstner Wulfram , Vogels Tim P.
Published: June 2014

Uniform random sparse network architectures are ubiquitous in computational neuroscience, but the implicit hypothesis that they are a good representation of real neuronal networks has been met with skepticism. Here we used two experimental data sets, a study of triplet connectivity statistics and a data set measuring neuronal responses to channelrhodopsin stimuli, to evaluate the fidelity of thousands of model networks. Network architectures comprised three neuron types (excitatory, fast spiking, and nonfast spiking inhibitory) and were created from a set of rules that govern the statistics of the resulting connection types. In a high-dimensional parameter scan, we varied the degree distributions (i.e., how many cells each neuron connects with) and the synaptic weight correlations of synapses from or onto the same neuron. These variations converted initially uniform random and homogeneously connected networks, in which every neuron sent and received equal numbers of synapses with equal synaptic strength distributions, to highly heterogeneous networks in which the number of synapses per neuron, as well as average synaptic strength of synapses from or to a neuron were variable. By evaluating the impact of each variable on the network structure and dynamics, and their similarity to the experimental data, we could falsify the uniform random sparse connectivity hypothesis for 7 of 36 connectivity parameters, but we also confirmed the hypothesis in 8 cases. Twenty-one parameters had no substantial impact on the results of the test protocols we used.
Topical Delivery of Aceclofenac: Challenges and Promises of Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Raza Kaisar , Kumar Manish , Kumar Pramod , Malik Ruchi , Sharma Gajanand , Kaur Manmeet , Katare O. P.
Published: June 2014

Osteoarthritis (OA), a common musculoskeletal disorder, is projected to affect about 60 million people of total world population by 2020. The associated pain and disability impair the quality of life and also pose economic burden to the patient. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed in OA, while diclofenac is the most prescribed one. Oral NSAIDs are not very patient friendly, as they cause various gastrointestinal adverse effects like bleeding, ulceration, and perforation. To enhance the tolerability of diclofenac and decrease the common side effects, aceclofenac (ACE) was developed by its chemical modification. As expected, ACE is more well-tolerated than diclofenac and possesses superior efficacy but is not completely devoid of the NSAID-tagged side effects. A series of chemical modifications of already planned drug is unjustified as it consumes quanta of time, efforts, and money, and this approach will also pose stringent regulatory challenges. Therefore, it is justified to deliver ACE employing tools of drug delivery and nanotechnology to refine its safety profile. The present review highlights the constraints related to the topical delivery of ACE and the various attempts made so far for the safe and effective topical delivery employing the novel materials and methods.
Rockburst Disaster Prediction of Isolated Coal Pillar by Electromagnetic Radiation Based on Frictional Effect
Authors: Zhao Tongbin , Yin Yanchun , Xiao Fukun , Tan Yunliang , Zou Jianchao
Published: June 2014

Based on the understanding that charges generated during coal cracking are due to coal particle friction, a microstructure model was developed by considering four different variation laws of friction coefficient. Firstly, the frictional energy release of coal sample during uniaxial compressive tests was investigated and discussed. Then electromagnetic radiation method was used to predict the potential rockburst disaster in isolated coal pillar mining face, Muchengjian Colliery. The results indicate that the friction coefficient of coal particles decreases linearly with the increase of axial loading force. In predicting the strain-type rockburst, the high stress state of coal must be closely monitored. Field monitoring shows that electromagnetic radiation signal became abnormal before the occurrence of rockburst during isolated coal pillar mining. Furthermore, rockburst tends to occur at the early and ending stages of isolated coal pillar extraction. Mine-site investigation shows the occurrence zone of rockburst is consistent with the prediction, proving the reliability of the electromagnetic radiation method to predict strain-type rockburst disaster.
A Compact Dual-Band Printed Antenna Design for LTE Operation in Handheld Device Applications
Authors: Lin Ding-Bing , Chou Jui-Hung , Fu Son-On , Li Hsueh-Jyh
Published: June 2014

A novel internal printed antenna suitable for triple long-term evolution (LTE) bands for handheld devices is presented. The operating bandwidths of the design are LTE700 (698~800 MHz), LTE2300 (2300~2400 MHz), and LTE2500 (2500~2690 MHz). Through the use of a C-shape broadside coupled feed structure, full operation in the lower band is achieved. The antenna itself uses two unequal path lengths to produce a low frequency band with two resonant modes. The required bandwidth is then adjusted using a couple feed, and finally placed over a ground plane via another C-type coupling element in order to enhance the two low-frequency matches. In the definition of the −6 dB reflection coefficient, the bandwidth of two basic modes in the low frequency band is 0.689~0.8 GHz. We adopt the definition of the −10 dB reflection coefficient for the high frequency mode, and its working frequency bands are shown to be 2.3~2.72 GHz. The antenna size is only 40 × 12 × 0.8 mm3with a ground plane of 98 × 40 mm2.
Engineered Fusokine GIFT4 Licenses the Ability of B Cells to Trigger a Tumoricidal T-cell Response
Authors: Deng Jiusheng , Yuan Shala , Pennati Andrea , Murphy Jordan , Wu Jian Hui , Lawson David , Galipeau Jacques
Published: June 2014

Engineered chimeric cytokines can generate gain-of-function activity in immune cells. Here, we report potent antitumor activity for a novel fusion cytokine generated by N-terminal coupling of GM-CSF to IL4, generating a fusokine termed GIFT4. B cells treated with GIFT4 clustered GM-CSF and IL4 receptors on the cell surface and displayed a pan-STAT hyperphosphorylation associated with acquisition of a distinct phenotype and function described to date. In C57BL/6J mice, administration of GIFT4 expanded endogenous B cells and suppressed the growth of B16F0 melanoma cells. Furthermore, B16F0 melanoma cells engineered to secrete GIFT4 were rejected immunologically in a B-cell–dependent manner. This effect was abolished when GIFT4-expressing B16F0 cells were implanted in B-cell–deficient mice, confirming a B-cell–dependent antitumor effect. Human GIFT4-licensed B cells primed cytotoxic T cells and specifically killed melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GIFT4 could mediate expansion of B cells with potent antigen-specific effector function. GIFT4 may offer a novel immunotherapeutic tool and define a previously unrecognized potential for B cells in melanoma immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 74(15); 4133–44. ©2014 AACR.
RETRACTED: CD44 Expression Denotes a Subpopulation of Gastric Cancer Cells in Which Hedgehog Signaling Promotes Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Yoon Changhwan , Park Do Joong , Schmidt Benjamin , Thomas Nicholas J. , Lee Hae-June , Kim Teresa S. , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Cohen Deirdre J. , Yoon Sam S.
Published: June 2014

Purpose: Gastric cancers may harbor a subset of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including chemotherapy resistance, and CD44 is a gastric CSC marker. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a key developmental pathway that can be subverted by CSCs during tumorigenesis. Here, we examine the role of HH signaling in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells.

Experimental Design: Gastric cancer cell lines, tumor xenografts, and patient tumors were examined.

Results: Gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN-45, and NCI-N87 grown as spheroids or sorted for CD44(+) were found to have upregulation of HH pathway proteins. HH inhibition using Smoothened (Smo) shRNA or vismodegib (VIS) decreased spheroid formation and colony formation. CD44(+) cells, compared with unselected cells, were also resistant to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy, and this resistance was reversed in vitro and in xenografts with Smo shRNA or VIS. CD44(+) cells also had significantly more migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth, and these properties could all be blocked with HH inhibition. Clinical tumor samples from a phase II trial of chemotherapy with or without VIS for advanced gastric cancer were analyzed for CD44 expression. In the chemotherapy alone group, high CD44 expression was associated with decreased survival, whereas in the chemotherapy plus VIS group, high CD44 expression was associated with improved survival.

Conclusions: HH signaling maintains CSC phenotypes and malignant transformation phenotypes in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells, and HH inhibition can reverse chemotherapy resistance in CD44(+) cells. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the strategy of combining chemotherapy with HH inhibition may only be effective in tumors with high CD44 levels. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 3974–88. ©2014 AACR.
Targeting Cancer Cells via the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response with a Novel Synthetic Polyphenol Conjugate
Authors: Shin Soon Young , Lee Jong Min , Lee Mi So , Koh Dongsoo , Jung Hyeryoung , Lim Yoongho , Lee Young Han
Published: June 2014

Purpose: The selective killing of tumor cells is an important strategy for cancer therapeutics. The aim of this study was to develop a novel antitumor agent that is safe for normal cells with the ability to selectively target cancer cells.

Experimental Design: On the basis of quantitative structure–activity relationship, we synthesized a novel polyphenol conjugate (E)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DPP-23). We evaluated the effect of DPP-23 on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in various tumor cells. We also assessed molecular targets of DPP-23 using genome-wide expression profiling by DNA microarray and real-time PCR array systems.

Results: DPP-23 effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (xenografts in Balb/c nude mice). At a molecular level, DPP-23 targeted the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, resulting in selective killing of tumor cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis.

Conclusions: The selective generation of ROS in cancer cells could be an attractive strategy for the selective killing of cancer cells, while maintaining negligible cytotoxicity to normal cells. DPP-23 represents a promising novel therapeutic agent for the selective production of ROS in cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4302–13. ©2014 AACR.
Circulating CD4+ T Cells That Produce IL4 or IL17 When Stimulated by Melan-A but Not by NY-ESO-1 Have Negative Impacts on Survival of Patients with Stage IV Melanoma
Authors: Zelba Henning , Weide Benjamin , Martens Alexander , Derhovanessian Evelyna , Bailur Jithendra Kini , Kyzirakos Christina , Pflugfelder Annette , Eigentler Thomas K. , Di Giacomo Anna Maria , Maio Michele , Aarntzen Erik H.J.G. , de Vries Jolanda , Sucker Antje , Schadendorf Dirk , Büttner Petra , Garbe Claus , Pawelec Graham
Published: June 2014

Purpose: We initially observed that the presence of circulating NY-ESO-1– and/or Melan-A–specific T cells in patients with stage IV melanoma was significantly associated with prolonged survival. Here, we report the ways in which the phenotypes and functions of these T cells differentially affect survival in patients preselected for NY-ESO-1 and/or Melan-A reactivity.

Experimental Design: We assayed functional antigen-reactive T cells recognizing NY-ESO-1 and/or Melan-A after in vitro stimulation using overlapping peptide pools. After restimulation, we assayed six cytokines simultaneously by intracellular cytokine staining. This allowed us to analyze the functional antigen response of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at the single-cell level.

Results: We observed that NY-ESO-1 stimulated mainly CD4+ T cells, whereas Melan-A more often stimulated CD8+ T cells. NY-ESO-1 reactivity was not associated with an additional impact on survival, whether CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, or both types of T cells were responding. In contrast, recognition of Melan-A by CD4+ T cells was associated with reduced survival in our cohort of patients preselected for NY-ESO-1 and/or Melan-A reactivity (that is, in patients with exceptionally long survival). We further observed a negative effect on survival in patients with CD4+ T cells producing IL4 and IL17 upon Melan-A stimulation. Their prognosis was comparable to patients without any Melan-A reactivity.

Conclusions: The nature and prognostic impact of specific T-cell responses is different according to targeted antigen. Independent from phenotype and functional aspects, NY-ESO-1 reactivity is associated with good prognosis. In terms of Melan-A, antigen-specific CD8+ but not CD4+ responses are associated with prolonged survival. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4390–9. ©2014 AACR.
Comparative Effects of Two Different Forms of Selenium on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Healthy Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Richie John P. , Das Arun , Calcagnotto Ana M. , Sinha Raghu , Neidig Wanda , Liao Jiangang , Lengerich Eugene J. , Berg Arthur , Hartman Terryl J. , Ciccarella Amy , Baker Aaron , Kaag Matthew G. , Goodin Susan , DiPaola Robert S. , El-Bayoumy Karam
Published: June 2014

Epidemiologic and laboratory studies indicate that dietary selenium protects against prostate cancer. Results from clinical trials suggest that selenium-enriched yeast (SY) but not selenomethionine (SeMet) may be effective at reducing prostate cancer risk. Our objectives were to directly compare for the first time the effects of SeMet and SY on prostate cancer relevant biomarkers in men. We performed a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial of SY (200 or 285 μg/day) and SeMet (200 μg/day) administered for 9 months in 69 healthy men. Primary endpoints included blood levels of selenium-containing compounds and oxidative stress biomarkers [urine 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and blood glutathione (GSH)]. Secondary endpoints included plasma glucose and PSA levels. Compliance was high in all groups (>95%). Plasma selenium levels were increased 93%, 54%, and 86% after 9 months in SeMet and low- and high-dose SY groups, respectively, and returned to baseline levels after a 3-month washout (P < 0.05). Levels of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α were decreased 34% and 28%, respectively, after 9 months in the high-dose SY group (P < 0.05). These decreases were greatest in individuals with low baseline plasma levels of selenium (<127 ng/mL). No changes in serum PSA or blood glucose and GSH were observed. Overall, we showed for the first time, reductions in biomarkers of oxidative stress following supplementation with SY but not SeMet in healthy men. These findings suggest that selenium-containing compounds other than SeMet may account for the decrease in oxidative stress. Cancer Prev Res; 7(8); 796–804. ©2014 AACR.
Pyroglutamate-Amyloid-β and Glutaminyl Cyclase Are Colocalized with Amyloid-β in Secretory Vesicles and Undergo Activity-Dependent, Regulated Secretion
Authors: Cynis Holger , Funkelstein Lydiane , Toneff Thomas , Mosier Charles , Ziegler Michael , Koch Birgit , Demuth Hans-Ulrich , Hook Vivian
Published: June 2014

Background and Aims: N-truncated pyroglutamate (pGlu)-amyloid-β [Aβ(3-40/42)] peptides are key components that promote Aβ peptide accumulation, leading to neurodegeneration and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. Because Aβ deposition in the brain occurs in an activity-dependent manner, it is important to define the subcellular organelle for pGlu-Aβ(3-40/42) production by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and their colocalization with full-length Aβ(1-40/42) peptides for activity-dependent, regulated secretion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that pGlu-Aβ and QC are colocalized with Aβ in dense-core secretory vesicles (DCSV) for activity-dependent secretion with neurotransmitters. Methods: Purified DCSV were assessed for pGlu-Aβ(3-40/42), Aβ(1-40/42), QC, and neurotransmitter secretion. Neuron-like chromaffin cells were analyzed for cosecretion of pGlu-Aβ, QC, Aβ, and neuropeptides. The cells were treated with a QC inhibitor, and pGlu-Aβ production was measured. Human neuroblastoma cells were also examined for pGlu-Aβ and QC secretion. Results: Isolated DCSV contain pGlu-Aβ(3-40/42), QC, and Aβ(1-40/42) with neuropeptide and catecholamine neurotransmitters. Cellular pGlu-Aβ and QC undergo activity-dependent cosecretion with Aβ and enkephalin and galanin neurotransmitters. The QC inhibitor decreased the level of secreted pGlu-Aβ. The human neuroblastoma cells displayed regulated secretion of pGlu-Aβ that was colocalized with QC. Conclusions: pGlu-Aβ and QC are present with Aβ in DCSV and undergo activity-dependent, regulated cosecretion with neurotransmitters.
Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Nabiximols (Tetrahydrocannabinol/Cannabidiol Oromucosal Spray) in Clinical Practice
Authors: Flachenecker Peter , Henze Thomas , Zettl Uwe K.
Published: June 2014

Background: Nabiximols (Sativex®), in a cannabinoid-based oromucosal spray, is an add-on therapy option for patients with moderate to severe multiple sclerosis spasticity (MSS) resistant to other medications. The study objective was to provide long-term data on clinical outcomes, tolerability, quality of life and treatment satisfaction for MSS patients receiving nabiximols in routine care. Methods: This was the 12-month prolongation of the MOVE 2 study, an observational, prospective, multi-centre 3-month non-interventional study conducted in a routine care setting across Germany. Structured documentation forms, questionnaires and validated instruments were used for data collection. Results: In total, 52 patients were included in the effectiveness analysis after 12 months. The mean spasticity numerical rating scale (NRS, 0-10) score decreased significantly from 6.0 ± 1.8 points at MOVE 2 baseline to 4.8 ± 1.9 points after 1 month and remained on this level after 12 months (4.5 ± 2.0 points); in patients classified as ‘initial responders' (≥20% NRS improvement after 1 month) similar results were found (baseline: 6.3 ± 1.4 points; after 1 month: 4.0 ± 1.0 points; after 12 months: 4.3 ± 1.9 points). The majority of patients (84%) did not report adverse events. Conclusion: Real-life data confirm the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of nabiximols for the treatment of resistant MSS in everyday clinical practice.
First Report on Joint Use of a Da Vinci® Surgical System with Transfer of Surgical Know-How between Two Public Hospitals
Authors: Mattei Agostino , Thoms Michael , Ferrari Matteo , La Croce Giovanni , Danuser Hansjörg , Schmid Hans-Peter , Engeler Daniel
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The costs of a Da Vinci® device for robot- assisted surgery, in particular for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), can be a considerable issue for hospitals with limited caseloads. Materials and Methods: Since January 2011 the cantonal hospitals of Lucerne and St. Gallen (Switzerland) have shared a four-arm Da Vinci® device, transferring the surgical know-how by a Lucerne teaching surgeon to a St. Gallen surgeon. Complete pre- and perioperative data, including 3-month surgical RARP outcomes, were prospectively documented. For statistical analysis, Wilcoxon, exact Poisson and χ2 tests were used. Results: During the first year, the two hospitals (61 RARP patients in Lucerne, 19 RARP patients in St. Gallen) did not differ significantly in preoperative, perioperative or oncological and functional results except for prostate volume (median 33 [interquartile range 24-40] vs. 40 [interquartile range 33-57] ml; p = 0.02), operation time (mean 252 ± 49 vs. 351 ± 50 min; p = 0.0001), number of lymph nodes removed (median 16 [interquartile range 13-21] vs. 15 [interquartile range 8-16] nodes; p = 0.02), biopsy (p = 0.04) and specimen Gleason scores (p = 0.03), and length of hospital stay (median 8 [interquartile range 7-14] vs. 9 [interquartile range 8-18] days; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Da Vinci® device sharing with transfer of surgical know-how can reduce the costs of RARP without compromising surgical outcomes, even at the beginning of the learning curve.
Use of Hyaluronidase for Pharmacokinetic Increase in Bioavailability of Intracutaneously Applied Substances
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Wohlrab David , Wohlrab Lukas , Wohlrab Christiane , Wohlrab Angelika
Published: June 2014

Endogenous hyaluronidases in the human body have physiological and pathophysiological significance due to their enzymatic activity during the cleavage of hyaluronan. The potential of therapeutic use of testicular and recombinant hyaluronidase has been increasingly acknowledged and developed in recent years. Most relevant in practice is the co-application of hyaluronidase and other active substances in order to enhance their bioavailability within the tissue.
Amiodarone-Induced Epididymitis: A Pathologically Confirmed Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shen Yi , Liu Hongyun , Cheng Jianguo , Bu Peili
Published: June 2014

We report a case of amiodarone-induced epididymitis and review the pertinent literature. This disease is currently a diagnosis of exclusion and is believed to be self-limiting. We found new evidence for the pathological diagnosis and identified amiodarone-like crystals in the epididymis as a pathological mechanism of this disease. This case also suggests that amiodarone-induced epididymitis is not self-limiting. Continued use of amiodarone according to the current guidelines led to a bilateral epididymectomy. We recommend withdrawal or reduction of amiodarone dosage immediately once the signs and symptoms of epididymitis present in this population of patients. When epididymitis does not seem to be caused by an infection or any other identifiable etiology, this should not be overlooked by the cardiologist, urologist or general practitioner. These findings and recommendations should help reduce the suffering of patients and improve their clinical outcomes.
Phallus Development in the Turtle Trachemys scripta
Authors: Larkins Christine E. , Cohn Martin J.
Published: June 2014

Development of a phallus occurs in almost all amniotes; however, considerable variation in phallus morphology among different amniote lineages has contributed to the debate about their structural homology. Mammals are the only amniotes that form a closed urethral tube within the penis. In contrast, the phallus of reptiles and birds has an open urethral groove, or sulcus spermaticus, that facilitates directional flow of sperm along the penis. One condition of structural homology is that the organs should share a common developmental origin; de novo development from different embryonic progenitors would indicate that the structure re-evolved in a new position. Although a common developmental origin does not itself demonstrate homology, different origins could indicate a lack of homology. To further understand how development of external genitalia evolved in amniotes, we examined this in the turtle Trachemys scripta. We found that phallus development in the turtle closely resembles that of mice at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels, consistent with the hypothesis that their phalluses are homologous structures. We find that acquisition of specialized characters, such as a closed urethral tube, involved lineage-specific specialization of the common plan for amniote phallus development.
Da redistribuição ao reconhecimento? Dilemas da justiça numa era “pós-socialista”
Authors: Simões Julio Assis , Fraser Nancy
Published: June 2014

A “luta por reconhecimento” está rapidamen-te se tornando a forma paradigmática de conflitopolítico no final do século XX. Demandas por“reconhecimento da diferença” dão combustívelàs lutas de grupos mobilizados sob as bandeirasda nacionalidade, etnicidade, “raça”, gênero esexualidade. Nestes confliitos “pós-socialistas”, aidentidade de grupo suplanta o interesse de clas-se como o meio principal da mobilização políti-ca. A dominação cultural suplanta a exploraçãocomo a injustiça fundamental. E o reconheci-mento cultural toma o lugar da redistribuiçãosocioeconômica como remédio para a injustiçae objetivo da luta política.
O segredo como fato, o fato como segredo
Authors: Kofes Suely
Published: June 2014

Social Anthropology deals at present in crude con-cepts, tribe, clan, age-set, &c, representing socialmasses and a supposed relation between these mas-ses. The science will make little progress on this lowlevel of abstraction, if it be considered abstractionat all, and it is necessary for further advance to usethe concepts to denote relations, defined in terms ofsocial situations, and relations between these rela-tions. (Evans-Pritchard, 1940, p. 266)Social anthropology became the science of descentgroups, and descent groups and their constitutioncame to be crucial issues in accounting for the corefunction of integrating society and keeping it toge-ther. (Roy Wagner, 1974, p. 97)What intrigues me is the consistent parallel, the re-peated echo, between intellectual propagation andprocreative acts, between knowledge and kinship.
Notícias de um precipício ou George Stocking Jr. e a antropologia vitoriana
Authors: Schwacz Lilia Moritz , Araújo Íris Morais
Published: June 2014

George W. Stocking Jr. (1930-), professoremérito da Universidade de Chicago e conhecidoinvestigador da história da antropologia – aindapouco editado no Brasil1 –, iniciou sua série deestudos sobre o evolucionismo britânico com Vic-torian Anthropology, originalmente publicado em1987 e cujo prólogo o leitor tem agora a oportuni-dade de ler, pela primeira vez, traduzido entre nós.
Consumidores e seus direitos: um estudo sobre conflitos no mercado de consumo
Authors: Santos Luanda Ferreira dos
Published: June 2014

BEVILAQUA, Ciméa B. Consumidores e seus direitos: um estudo sobre conflitos no mercado de consumo. São Paulo: Humanitas, 2008. 336 pp.A caracterização das relações de consumo,através de uma abordagem que privilegia ospapéis de consumidor e fornecedor enquantocategorias centrais – aproximando-se mais dorelacional e relativo do que do dicotômico –,ocupa o principal espaço dentre as diversas re-flexões abordadas durante o livro “Consumi-dores e seus Direitos”. O caráter etnográficodo livro, ao mesmo tempo em que permitedeslocar as discussões sobre “direitos do con-sumidor” da esfera sociológica - muitas vezesreferendada em matrizes que aproximam a dis-cussão ao campo dos interesses exclusivamentemateriais dos indivíduos – insere a centralidadedos sujeitos nas suas trajetórias, uma vez queesta, mesmo quando mediada pelos órgãos go-vernamentais e não-governamentais, se tornaparte fundamental no cotidiano daqueles en-volvidos no conflito.
NADIR - Núcleo de Antropologia do Direito
Authors: NADIR Núcleo de Antropologia do Direito
Published: June 2014

Núcleo de Antropologia do Direito foi“apelidado” NADIR tanto em razão das letrasiniciais de seu “nome completo” quanto (e prin-cipalmente!) em função de alguns significadosda palavra que, por exemplo, em astronomia,designa o ponto inferior da esfera celeste, a pro-jeção do alinhamento vertical que está sob os pésde um observador ou, ainda, o oposto ao zênite.Já em hebraico e em árabe nadir significa “raro”.Enfim, como nomear é criar, tratamos de pensarnosso grupo como um lugar não óbvio (embai-xo, oposto) e, talvez, por isto mesmo, preciosopara se pensar as múltiplas interfaces existentes epossíveis entre antropologia e direito.
MARI - Grupo de Educação Indígena
Authors: Grupo de Educação Indígena Mari -
Published: June 2014

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Tribunal Permanente dos Povos
Authors: Vidal Lux Boelitz
Published: June 2014

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Conservação e produção em uma área protegida: dilemas em torno da sustentabilidade
Authors: Santos Carlos
Published: June 2014

A expansão das áreas protegidas nos últimos anos pode ser compreendida como parte da globalização; a questão ambiental foi uma das primeiras preocupações necessariamente não locais da sociedade, dos estados e da institucionalidade internacional, teve como contrapartida a identificação da biodiversidade como um dos primeiros objetos da preocupação global sobre a natureza. Vou trabalhar aqui sobre a situação do território ocupado atualmente pelo Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos e Islas del Río Uruguay, região com uma longa história de usos, desde a ocupação estacional para a caça, a pesca e a colheita em tempos anteriores à conquista até a crescente intensicação da agricultura na atualidade. Neste trabalho descreve-se esse processo, apresentando a tensão conservação/produção e as tentativas de “resolvê-la”, por parte de diferentes atores sociais, discutindo-a desde a perspectiva da justiça ambiental. Por outro lado, analisarei o papel das políticas públicas ambientais em relação às desigualdades sociais.
Retrato em família: imagens de cotidiano na beira do Tapajós
Authors: Medaets Chantal , Robieux Lucie
Published: June 2014

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Falando da sociedade: ensaios sobre as diferentes maneiras de representar o social
Authors: Peres Thiago Brandão
Published: June 2014

BECKER, Howard. Falando da sociedade: ensaios sobre as diferentes maneiras de representar o social. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 2009. 308p.
nominata de pareceristas
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

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Dons da bruxa e trajetórias wiccanas: narrativas sobre ser e tornar-se uma bruxa moderna
Authors: Osório Andréa
Published: June 2014

Os praticantes de wicca  são em sua maioria mulheres e se designam como bruxa(o)s. Através de entrevistas observou-se uma trajetória religiosa que se inicia no âmbito da religião da família de origem, perpassa religiões estabelecidas no país, como a umbanda e o espiritismo kardecista, até desaguar no universo Nova Era. Ao se identificarem como bruxas, as entrevistadas redesenham seu passado de forma a resgatar eventos nos quais o poder da bruxa é posto em evidência. Algumas identificam este poder em parentas, dando maior legitimidade à “nova” identidade, embora se diga ser bruxa “desde sempre”.
Del Pacífico al Mediterráneo: coincidencias y diferencias – desde la antropología – en la concepción del patrimonio cultural
Authors: Zerga Adriana Arista
Published: June 2014

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Guías de campo y registro etnográfico. Una revisión del abordaje de los niños y niñas desde la Guía para la clasificación de los datos culturales
Authors: Enriz Noelia
Published: June 2014

Los estudios que tuvieron como epicentro la comparacion de grupos poblacionales han formado parte del esquema vertebral de la antropología como disciplina. En el marco de los estudios interesados por la comparacion, el uso de guias de campo en los estudios etnograficos locales ha sido regular a mediados del siglo XX. En este trabajo nos proponemos abordar el contexto y el modo de produccion de las mismas, tomando como eje de analisis la guia de George Murdock, por haber sido herramienta en la formacion local de antropologos, en los inicios de la antropologia como carrera de estudios sistematizada. El abordaje tendra como eje central considerar particularmente el lugar otorgado a los ninos y ninas en la guia de Murdock. Consideraremos el contraste entre dicho abordaje y las actuales perspectivas de estudio de estos grupos poblacionales.
A invenção da cultura
Authors: Carlos Daniel Pícaro
Published: June 2014

WAGNER, Roy. A invenção da cultura. São Paulo, Cosac Naify, 2010. 256 p.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

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“De Mauss a Claude Lévi-Strauss”, cinquenta anos depois: Por uma ontologia Maori
Authors: Maniglier Patrice
Published: June 2014

traduzido deMANIGLIER, Patrice. “De Mauss à Claude Lévi-Strauss: cinquante ans après. Pour une on-tologie Maori”. Archives de Philosophie, numéro spécial “Merleau-Ponty”, dir. Etienne Bimbenet et Emmanuel de Saint-Aubert, Tome 69, Cahier 1, Printemps, 2006 (p. 37-56).tradutor Ian PackerMestre em Filosofa (EHESS/França)revisor Nicodème de RenesseDoutorando em Antropologia Social/USP
Múltiplos ordenamentos de realidade: o debate iniciado por Lévy-Bruhl
Authors: Tambiah Stanley
Published: June 2014

traduzido deTAMBIAH, Stanley. [1990] Magic, Science, Religion and the Scope of Rationality. Cambridge University Press, 2006. Cap. 05. Multiple Orderings of Reality: Te Debate Initiated by Lévy-Bruhl.tradutores Daniel BelikMestre em Antropologia Social pela University of AberdeenStella Zagatto PaternianiMestra em Antropologia Social pela Unicamprevisora Iracema DulleyDoutora pela Universidade de São Paulo
“Entre o ser humano e as leis existem muitas coisas”: vozes femininas acerca da criminalização do aborto
Authors: Ferreira Emilia Juliana
Published: June 2014

Apesar do Estado brasileiro criminalizar o aborto por livre escolha da mulher, de maneira geral, essa criminalização não significa uma intensa judicialização dos casos. Porém, como a criminalização não ocorre rotineiramente, alguns casos geram ampla repercussão na polícia, no judiciário e na mídia. Foi o que ocorreu no ano de 2007, quando uma clínica médica acusada de praticar abortamentos ilegais foi fechada e investigada pela polícia. A investigação resultou no processamento penal de cerca de 1.200 mulheres que haviam passado pela clínica nos anos anteriores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever o que significa esse processo na vida de algumas dessas mulheres, entrevistadas à época da pesquisa ou ouvidas através de seus depoimentos dados à polícia. Preliminarmente, é possível afirmar que esse processamento afetou muito negativamente a vida dessas mulheres e o processo de significação do abortamento em si, tomou rumos acusatórios que em muitos casos não estavam presentes antes do processo judicial, mas foram reforçados por ele.
Drama social e narrativas do assassinato de Aline
Authors: De Fiori Ana Letícia
Published: June 2014

Este artigo examina o “caso Aline”, assassinato de repercussão nacional ocorrido em Ouro Preto/MG em outubro de 2001, à luz da noção de drama social de Victor Turner, indicando como emergem arenas narrativas nas quais versões se confrontam e acionam certos paradigmas, tropos e valores. Discuto como narrativas fazem o caso transcender a lógica racional do campo jurídico configurando diferentes disputas acerca de noções como juventude; ficção e realidade; influências demoníacas na produção de uma cultura do terror. Examino o desfecho do drama social do “caso Aline” a partir das tensões que provoca nas narrativas canônicas de produção de justiça e da aparente aporia que o caso gera com seu veredicto absolutório. Argumento que o próprio caráter fragmentado, lacunar e não acabado do encontro e confronto de narrativas no Tribunal do Júri, a despeito da lógica do controverso do Direito Penal, pode ter consigo possibilidades de justiça ao “caso Aline”.
“A minha verdade é minha justiça” - dilemas e paradoxos sobre o princípio da imparcialidade judicial
Authors: Lupetti Baptista Bárbara Gomes
Published: June 2014

Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisa realizada no TJRJ. A metodologia incorpora uma profícua interlocução que me permiti fazer entre o direito, minha área de formação, e a antropologia, disciplina que conheci por ocasião da orientação recebida durante a minha pós-graduação. A pesquisa permite perceber que o princípio da imparcialidade é uma crença construída discursivamente pelo campo do direito e que funciona como uma categoria estruturante do sistema judiciário. No entanto, a crença discursiva se choca com a realidade empírica, uma vez que os dados de campo demonstram que aspectos subjetivos do juiz interferem diretamente no exercício da jurisdição, sugerindo que a moralidade e o senso de justiça do magistrado interferem no curso e nos resultados do processo. Entre o paradoxo de “parecerem imparciais” e o fato de “serem humanos”, os juízes narram seus dilemas e os desafios que vivenciam na tentativa de “não contaminarem” a sua imprescindível imparcialidade.
Una “individualidad forzada”: experiencias conyugales de mujeres separadas con hijos
Authors: Castellitti Carolina
Published: June 2014

Este trabajo parte de una investigación realizada en el año 2010 sobre los significados de experiencias conyugales de mujeres de clase media de la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina. En el marco de las transformaciones de la familia y las relaciones de pareja, analizo los discursos relativos al divorcio, discutiendo con los aportes teóricos de de Singly, Duarte y Figueira sobre el “proceso de individualización”. Observo que, si bien estas mujeres conquistaron una independencia económica, sus uniones fueron realizadas a partir de formatos tradicionales, con una importante participación del grupo familiar extenso y la presencia de visiones jerárquicas de las relaciones de género. Finalmente, interpreto la situación posterior a la separación (principalmente cuando hay hijos) a partir de la idea de una “individualidad forzada”, que es reivindicada al mismo tiempo que sentida como una carga, con importantes consecuencias a la hora de pensar en volver a formar una unión.
Da periferia ao centro: trajetórias de pesquisa em Antropologia Urbana
Authors: Puccinelli Bruno
Published: June 2014

MAGNANI, José Guilherme Cantor. Da periferia ao centro: trajetórias de pesquisa em Antropologia Urbana. São Paulo: Terceiro Nome, 2012, 352 p.
Reminiscências dos quilombos: territórios da memória em uma comunidade negra rural
Authors: Souza Marcos Teixeira
Published: June 2014

MELLO, Marcelo Moura. Reminiscências dos quilombos: territórios da memória  em uma comunidade negra rural. São Paulo: Terceiro Nome, 2012, 267p.
Festa como perspectiva e em perspectiva
Authors: Noleto Rafael da Silva
Published: June 2014

PEREZ, Léa Freitas; AMARAL, Leila; MESQUITA, Wania (orgs.). Festa como perspectiva e em perspectiva. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond, 2012, 380p.
Nominata dos pareceristas
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

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Editorial
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

Editorial 2013
Sequence Variation in
TMEM18
in Association With Body Mass Index
Authors: Liu Ching-Ti , Young Kristin L. , Brody Jennifer A. , Olden Matthias , Wojczynski Mary K. , Heard-Costa Nancy , Li Guo , Morrison Alanna C. , Muzny Donna , Gibbs Richard A. , Reid Jeffrey G. , Shao Yaming , Zhou Yanhua , Boerwinkle Eric , Heiss Gerardo , Wagenknecht Lynne , McKnight Barbara , Borecki Ingrid B. , Fox Caroline S. , North Kari E. , Cupples L. Adrienne
Published: June 2014

Background—

Genome-wide association studies for body mass index (BMI) previously identified a locus near
TMEM18.
We conducted targeted sequencing of this region to investigate the role of common, low-frequency, and rare variants influencing BMI.

Methods and Results—

We sequenced
TMEM18
and regions downstream of
TMEM18
on chromosome 2 in 3976 individuals of European ancestry from 3 community-based cohorts (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, Cardiovascular Health Study, and Framingham Heart Study), including 200 adults selected for high BMI. We examined the association between BMI and variants identified in the region from nucleotide position 586 432 to 677 539 (hg18). Rare variants (minor allele frequency, <1%) were analyzed using a burden test and the sequence kernel association test. Results from the 3 cohort studies were meta-analyzed. We estimate that mean BMI is 0.43 kg/m
2
higher for each copy of the G allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7596758 (minor allele frequency, 29%;
P
=3.46×10
−4
) using a Bonferroni threshold of
P
<4.6×10
−4
. Analyses conditional on previous genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BMI in the region led to attenuation of this signal and uncovered another independent (
r
2
<0.2), statistically significant association, rs186019316 (
P
=2.11×10
−4
). Both rs186019316 and rs7596758 or proxies are located in transcription factor binding regions. No significant association with rare variants was found in either the exons of
TMEM18
or the 3′ genome-wide association study region.

Conclusions—

Targeted sequencing around
TMEM18
identified 2 novel BMI variants with possible regulatory function.
Hospital Variation in Survival After Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jayaram Natalie , Spertus John A. , Nadkarni Vinay , Berg Robert A. , Tang Fengming , Raymond Tia , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Chan Paul S.
Published: June 2014

Background—

Although survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest is likely to vary among hospitals caring for children, validated methods to risk-standardize pediatric survival rates across sites do not currently exist.

Methods and Results—

From 2006 to 2010, within the American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation registry for in-hospital cardiac arrest, we identified 1551 cardiac arrests in children (<18 years). Using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression, we developed and validated a model to predict survival to hospital discharge and calculated risk-standardized rates of cardiac arrest survival for hospitals with a minimum of 10 pediatric cardiac arrest cases. A total of 13 patient-level predictors were identified: age, sex, cardiac arrest rhythm, location of arrest, mechanical ventilation, acute nonstroke neurological event, major trauma, hypotension, metabolic or electrolyte abnormalities, renal insufficiency, sepsis, illness category, and need for intravenous vasoactive agents prior to the arrest. The model had good discrimination (C-statistic of 0.71), confirmed by bootstrap validation (validation C-statistic of 0.69). Among 30 hospitals with ≥10 cardiac arrests, unadjusted hospital survival rates varied considerably (median, 37%; interquartile range, 24–42%; range, 0–61%). After risk-standardization, the range of hospital survival rates narrowed (median, 37%; interquartile range, 33–38%; range, 29–48%), but variation in survival persisted.

Conclusions—

Using a national registry, we developed and validated a model to predict survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest in children. After risk-standardization, significant variation in survival rates across hospitals remained. Leveraging these models, future studies can identify best practices at high-performing hospitals to improve survival outcomes for pediatric cardiac arrest.