bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetics Biomarkers and Their Specific Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Treatments: An Exploratory Study on Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Dreussi Eva , Cecchin Erika , Polesel Jerry , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Agostini Marco , Boso Caterina , Belluco Claudio , Buonadonna Angela , Lonardi Sara , Bergamo Francesca , Gagno Sara , De Mattia Elena , Pucciarelli Salvatore , De Paoli Antonino , Toffoli Giuseppe
Published: September 2016

Background: Pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is still ascribed to a minority of patients. A pathway based-approach could highlight the predictive role of germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The primary aim of this study was to define new predictive biomarkers considering treatment specificities. Secondary aim was to determine new potential predictive biomarkers independent from radiotherapy (RT) dosage and cotreatment with oxaliplatin. Methods: Thirty germ-line SNPs in twenty-one genes were selected according to a pathway-based approach. Genetic analyses were performed on 280 LARC patients who underwent fluoropyrimidine-based CRT. The potential predictive role of these SNPs in determining pathological tumor response was tested in Group 1 (94 patients undergoing also oxaliplatin), Group 2 (73 patients treated with high RT dosage), Group 3 (113 patients treated with standard RT dosage), and in the pooled population (280 patients). Results: Nine new predictive biomarkers were identified in the three groups. The most promising one was rs3136228-MSH6 (p = 0.004) arising from Group 3. In the pooled population, rs1801133-MTHFR showed only a trend (p = 0.073). Conclusion: This exploratory study highlighted new potential predictive biomarkers of neoadjuvant CRT and underlined the importance to strictly define treatment peculiarities in pharmacogenetic analyses.
Control of Hedgehog Signalling by the Cilia-Regulated Proteasome
Authors: Gerhardt Christoph , Wiegering Antonia , Leu Tristan , Rüther Ulrich
Published: September 2016

The Hedgehog signalling pathway is evolutionarily highly conserved and essential for embryonic development of invertebrates and vertebrates. Consequently, impaired Hedgehog signalling results in very severe human diseases, ranging from holoprosencephaly to Pallister-Hall syndrome. Due to this great importance for human health, the focus of numerous research groups is placed on the investigation of the detailed mechanisms underlying Hedgehog signalling. Today, it is known that tiny cell protrusions, known as primary cilia, are necessary to mediate Hedgehog signalling in vertebrates. Although the Hedgehog pathway is one of the best studied signalling pathways, many questions remain. One of these questions is: How do primary cilia control Hedgehog signalling in vertebrates? Recently, it was shown that primary cilia regulate a special kind of proteasome which is essential for proper Hedgehog signalling. This review article will cover this novel cilia-proteasome association in embryonic Hedgehog signalling and discuss the possibilities provided by future investigations on this topic.
(E)-3-Methyl-6-(3-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)-2(3H)-benzothiazolone
Authors: Ivanova Yordanka , Gerova Mariana , Chanev Christo , Petrov Ognyan
Published: September 2016

The title compound, (E)-3-methyl-6-(3-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)-2(3H)-benzothiazolone, was synthesized by both an acid- and base-catalyzed aldol condensation of 3-methyl-6-acetyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolone and 3,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone. The structure of the target compound was confirmed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis.
Design and Synthesis of Analogues of Marine Natural Product Galaxamide, an N-methylated Cyclic Pentapeptide, as Potential Anti-Tumor Agent in Vitro
Authors: Lunagariya Jignesh , Zhong Shenghui , Chen Jianwei , Bai Defa , Bhadja Poonam , Long Weili , Liao Xiaojian , Tang Xiaoli , Xu Shihai
Published: September 2016

Herein, we report design and synthesis of novel 26 galaxamide analogues with N-methylated cyclo-pentapeptide, and their in vitro anti-tumor activity towards the panel of human tumor cell line, such as, A549, A549/DPP, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 using MTT assay. We have also investigated the effect of galaxamide and its representative analogues on growth, cell-cycle phases, and induction of apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. Reckon with the significance of conformational space and N-Me aminoacid (aa) comprising this compound template, we designed the analogues with modification in N-Me-aa position, change in aa configuration from l to d aa and substitute one Leu-aa to d/l Phe-aa residue with respective to the parent structure. The efficient solid phase parallel synthesis approach is employed for the linear pentapeptide residue containing N-Me aa, followed by solution phase macrocyclisation to afford target cyclo pentapeptide compounds. In the present study, all galaxamide analogues exhibited growth inhibition in A549, A549/DPP, SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 6, 18, and 22 exhibited interesting activities towards all cell line tested, while Compounds 1, 4, 15, and 22 showed strong activity towards SMMC-7221 cell line in the range of 1–2 μg/mL IC50. Flow cytometry experiment revealed that galaxamide analogues namely Compounds 6, 18, and 22 induced concentration dependent SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis after 48 h. These compounds induced G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest and morphological changes indicating induction of apoptosis. Thus, findings of our study suggest that the galaxamide and its analogues 6, 18 and 22 exerted growth inhibitory effect on SMMC-7721 cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. Compound 1 showed promising anti-tumor activity towards SMMC-7721 cancer cell line, which is 9 and 10 fold higher than galaxamide and reference DPP (cisplatin), respectively.
Insights into Surface Interactions between Metal Organic Frameworks and Gases during Transient Adsorption and Diffusion by In-Situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Dumée Ludovic , He Li , Hodgson Peter , Kong Lingxue
Published: September 2016

The fabrication of molecular gas sieving materials with specific affinities for a single gas species and able to store large quantities of materials at a low or atmospheric pressure is desperately required to reduce the adverse effects of coal and oil usage in carbon capture. Fundamental understanding of the dynamic adsorption of gas, the diffusion mechanisms across thin film membranes, and the impact of interfaces play a vital role in developing these materials. In this work, single gas permeation tests across micro-porous membrane materials, based on metal organic framework crystals grown on the surface of carbon nanotubes (ZiF-8@CNT), were performed for the first time in-situ at the Australian Synchrotron on the small angle X-ray scattering beamline in order to reveal molecular sieving mechanisms and gas adsorption within the material. The results show that specific chemi-sorption of CO2 across the ZiF-8 crystal lattices affected the morphology and unit cell parameters, while the sieving of other noble or noble like gases across the ZiF-8@CNT membranes was found to largely follow Knudsen diffusion. This work demonstrates for the first time a novel and effective technique to assess molecular diffusion at the nano-scale across sub-nano-porous materials by probing molecular flexibility across crystal lattice and single cell units.
Neural Circuits on a Chip
Authors: Hasan Md. , Berdichevsky Yevgeny
Published: September 2016

Neural circuits are responsible for the brain’s ability to process and store information. Reductionist approaches to understanding the brain include isolation of individual neurons for detailed characterization. When maintained in vitro for several days or weeks, dissociated neurons self-assemble into randomly connected networks that produce synchronized activity and are capable of learning. This review focuses on efforts to control neuronal connectivity in vitro and construct living neural circuits of increasing complexity and precision. Microfabrication-based methods have been developed to guide network self-assembly, accomplishing control over in vitro circuit size and connectivity. The ability to control neural connectivity and synchronized activity led to the implementation of logic functions using living neurons. Techniques to construct and control three-dimensional circuits have also been established. Advances in multiple electrode arrays as well as genetically encoded, optical activity sensors and transducers enabled highly specific interfaces to circuits composed of thousands of neurons. Further advances in on-chip neural circuits may lead to better understanding of the brain.
The Effect of Viscous Air Damping on an Optically Actuated Multilayer MoS2 Nanomechanical Resonator Using Fabry-Perot Interference
Authors: She Yumei , Li Cheng , Lan Tian , Peng Xiaobin , Liu Qianwen , Fan Shangchun
Published: September 2016

We demonstrated a multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanomechanical resonator by using optical Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometric excitation and detection. The thin circular MoS2 nanomembrane with an approximate 8-nm thickness was transferred onto the endface of a ferrule with an inner diameter of 125 μm, which created a low finesse F-P interferometer with a cavity length of 39.92 μm. The effects of temperature and viscous air damping on resonance behavior of the resonator were investigated in the range of −10–80 °C. Along with the optomechanical behavior of the resonator in air, the measured resonance frequencies ranged from 36 kHz to 73 kHz with an extremely low inflection point at 20 °C, which conformed reasonably to those solved by previously obtained thermal expansion coefficients of MoS2. Further, a maximum quality (Q) factor of 1.35 for the resonator was observed at 0 °C due to viscous dissipation, in relation to the lower Knudsen number of 0.0025~0.0034 in the tested temperature range. Moreover, measurements of Q factor revealed little dependence of Q on resonance frequency and temperature. These measurements shed light on the mechanisms behind viscous air damping in MoS2, graphene, and other 2D resonators.
Toxic Combustion Product Yields as a Function of Equivalence Ratio and Flame Retardants in Under-Ventilated Fires: Bench-Large-Scale Comparisons
Authors: Purser David
Published: September 2016

In large-scale compartment fires; combustion product yields vary with combustion conditions mainly in relation to the fuel:air equivalence ratio (Φ) and the effects of gas-phase flame retardants. Yields of products of inefficient combustion; including the major toxic products CO; HCN and organic irritants; increase considerably as combustion changes from well-ventilated (Φ < 1) to under-ventilated (Φ = 1–3). It is therefore essential that bench-scale toxicity tests reproduce this behaviour across the Φ range. Yield data from repeat compartment fire tests for any specific fuel show some variation on either side of a best-fit curve for CO yield as a function of Φ. In order to quantify the extent to which data from the steady state tube furnace (SSTF [1]; ISO TS19700 [2]) represents compartment fire yields; the range and average deviations of SSTF data for CO yields from the compartment fire best-fit curve were compared to those for direct compartment fire measurements for six different polymeric fuels with textile and non-textile applications and for generic post-flashover fire CO yield data. The average yields; range and standard deviations of the SSTF data around the best-fit compartment fire curves were found to be close to those for the compartment fire data. It is concluded that SSTF data are as good a predictor of compartment fire yields as are repeat compartment fire test data.
Psalms 111–112: Big Story, Little Story
Authors: Collins Jack
Published: September 2016

This study argues that the juxtaposition of Psalms 111–112 offers wisdom for life. Psalm 111, in stressing God’s mighty deeds of redemption for his people, focuses on the “big story” for the whole people; Psalm 112, in stressing “wisdom,” encourages each member of God’s people in a day-to-day walk, a “little story,” that contributes to the big story of the whole people.
Research Progress on F-P Interference—Based Fiber-Optic Sensors
Authors: Huang Yi , Tao Jin , Huang Xu
Published: September 2016

We review our works on Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometric fiber-optic sensors with various applications. We give a general model of F-P interferometric optical fiber sensors including diffraction loss caused by the beam divergence and the Gouy phase shift. Based on different structures of an F-P cavity formed on the end of a single-mode fiber, the F-P interferometric optical sensor has been extended to measurements of the refractive index (RI) of liquids and solids, temperature as well as small displacement. The RI of liquids and solids can be obtained by monitoring the fringe contrast related to Fresnel reflections, while the ambient temperature and small displacement can be obtained by monitoring the wavelength shift of the interference fringes. The F-P interferometric fiber-optic sensors can be used for many scientific and technological applications.
Continuous Indoor Positioning Fusing WiFi, Smartphone Sensors and Landmarks
Authors: Deng Zhi-An , Wang Guofeng , Qin Danyang , Na Zhenyu , Cui Yang , Chen Juan
Published: September 2016

To exploit the complementary strengths of WiFi positioning, pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), and landmarks, we propose a novel fusion approach based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF). For WiFi positioning, unlike previous fusion approaches setting measurement noise parameters empirically, we deploy a kernel density estimation-based model to adaptively measure the related measurement noise statistics. Furthermore, a trusted area of WiFi positioning defined by fusion results of previous step and WiFi signal outlier detection are exploited to reduce computational cost and improve WiFi positioning accuracy. For PDR, we integrate a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a magnetometer to determine the user heading based on another EKF model. To reduce accumulation error of PDR and enable continuous indoor positioning, not only the positioning results but also the heading estimations are recalibrated by indoor landmarks. Experimental results in a realistic indoor environment show that the proposed fusion approach achieves substantial positioning accuracy improvement than individual positioning approaches including PDR and WiFi positioning.
The Impact of Public Pension on Household Consumption: Evidence from China’s Survey Data
Authors: Zhao Qing , Li Zhen , Chen Taichang
Published: September 2016

It is of vital importance to examine the relationship between pensions and household consumption/saving because this forms a link between social policy and economic development. Based on theories of absolute income, permanent income, and the life-cycle hypothesis, this paper constructs panel data models to investigate the effect of public pension participation and benefit level on household consumption. Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011 and 2013 survey data shows that, compared with those not covered by any public pension program, individuals enrolled in the public pension system tend to consume more within respective income-quantile groups. Moreover, for the retired population, we found lower income groups have a higher marginal propensity to consume than higher income groups. In other words, lower income groups are likely to spend a higher proportion of any increase in pension benefit on consumption than higher income groups. To achieve a virtuous cycle between public pension, household consumption, and economic growth and, thus, a social-economically sustainable development, we suggest that China’s pension system should be extended to cover all in the lowest income group, and the benefit level should be increased gradually to secure a stable expectation for the future and motivate current consumption.
Temporal Effects of Environmental Characteristics on Urban Air Temperature: The Influence of the Sky View Factor
Authors: Ha Jaehyun , Lee Sugie , Park Cheolyeong
Published: September 2016

This study examines the relationship between air temperature and urban environment indices, mainly focusing on sky view factor (SVF) in Seoul, Korea. We use air temperature data observed from 295 automatic weather stations (AWS) during the day and night in Seoul. We conduct a spatial regression analysis to capture the effect of spatial autocorrelation in our data and identify changes in the effects of SVF on air temperature, while conducting the regression model for each dataset according to the floor area ratio (FAR). The findings of our study indicate that SVF negatively affects air temperature during both day and night when other effects are controlled through spatial regression models. Moreover, we address the environmental indices associated with day-time and night-time air temperatures and identify the changing effects of SVF on air temperature according to the areal floor area ratio of the analysis datasets. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between SVF and air temperature in high-density cities and suggests policy implications for improving urban thermal environments with regard to urban design and planning.
Spectroscopic study of Nafion® membrane as a function of water content by Phase-Resolved Photoacoustic Method
Authors: Lopes Guy , Dias Daniele Toniolo , Rosa Caroline Dias , De Souza Juliana Soares
Published: September 2016

Nafion® membranes were developed by DuPont, a perfluorosulfonic acid/polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer. These membranes are hydrophilic and the water is preferentially sorbed into the clusters due to the hydrophobic character of fluorocarbon matrix. The sulfonic acid groups are chemically active and fixed within the Teflon polymer matrix. Thus, this first synthetic ionic polymer is chemically resistant and durable, making it useful for Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells. In order to monitoring the groups -OH of the Nafion®, we used the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy phases. The optical absorption spectrum was determined for wavelengths of 800 to 2600 nm. The procedure was to measure the samples in different hydration times. Using the Phase-Resolved Photoacoustic method, it was possible to separate the contribution of –OH, of C=O and of methylene group. The phase lag as a water function behaviors found may be associated with structural changes induced by membrane hydration.
Montagem experimental de baixo custo da técnica da lâmina para a caracterização de um feixe laser do tipo Gaussiano
Authors: Gómez Sergio Leonardo , Turchiello Rozane De Fátima , Lopes Cristiano Santos , Bernal-Cardenas Angela Alidia , Lenart Vinícius Mariani
Published: September 2016

A equação que descreve a propagação de um feixe de laser colimado possui diversas soluções conhecidas como modos, um dos quais é o denominado modo gaussiano fundamental ou TEM00, no qual o principal modo dos feixes são produzidos por lasers comerciais. A caracterização espacial do perfil de um feixe de laser tem não somente importância pedagógica como também tem a sua relevância em pesquisas na denominada óptica não-linear. O presente artigo apresenta o método da lâmina para a caracterização dosparâmetros associados a um feixe de luz com perfil espacial gaussiano e apresenta uma metodologia de análise dos dados experimentais.
Tecnologia social: implicações e desafios da implantação
Authors: Schwab Diego , Freitas Carlos Cesar Garcia
Published: September 2016

o presente artigo tem como propósito apresentar os resultados de um estudo realizado que teve como objetivo constatar fatores considerados importantes no processo de implantação da Tecnologia Social. Cinco grupos de fatores foram levantados junto à teoria, sendo esses: estrutural, processual, financeiro, humano e social. Para tanto foi desenvolvido uma pesquisa de caráter descritiva, mediante o emprego da estratégia de pesquisa de campo, com abordagem quantitativa e instrumento de coleta questionário aplicado diretamente a um total de 85 responsáveis por diversos projetos de Tecnologia Social. Entre os resultados obtidos destaca-se: categoria fatores estruturais: equipe de trabalho e parceria; fatores processuais: organização do processo e comunicação da equipe; fatores financeiros: orçamento previsto e relação custo e benefício; fatores humanos: interesse e iniciativa e envolvimento; fatores sociais: espírito de equipe e valorização do conhecimento local. Ainda, na comparação do grau de importância entre as categorias de fatores, destacaram-se: humano e social como mais relevantes dos que os demais.
Letramento digital: os usos dos celulares em aulas de licenciatura em letras-inglês
Authors: Ferraz Daniel De Mello , Nogarol Isabele Vianna
Published: September 2016

Muitos jovens de hoje em dia podem ser considerados nativos digitais. Isso porque, segundo Lankshear e Knobel (2008), há uma geração inteira que tem crescido em uma sociedade digital, expostos a grandes quantidades de informações em uma variedade de formatos: texto, imagens, vídeo e áudio. Contudo, as tecnologias digitais nem sempre são bem vistas dentro da sala de aula. Neste estudo, buscamos problematizar o papel das tecnologias digitais (principalmente os celulares) na vida cotidiana e escolar de estudantes de Letras-Inglês de uma universidade federal brasileira. A metodologia é qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico e os métodos aplicados foram entrevistas orais e observação de aulas.
The Influence of Electromagnatic Field Microwave on Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) Structural
Authors: Zlobina I.V. , Bekrenev N.V.
Published: September 2016

Based on the analysis of the development trends of modern transport equipment the prospect of structural composite materials usage, for example CFRP structural, is shown. In this regard, the expediency of conducting research to improve the strength characteristics of these materials is established. It is shown that, despite the large amount of scientific publications on the application of electro-technological methods and microwave technologies for modification of composite materials, applied to heterogeneous materials, such as carbon fiber, in Russia and abroad there are still some unsolved theoretical and practical questions. The studies of the effect of microwave electromagnetic field power density on different physical and mechanical characteristics of laminated composite materials in order to establish the opportunities to improve their performance, in particular their strength, were made. The example of carbon is used to show that the microwave electromagnetic field power density of 17.5 W/cm3 at a frequency of 2450 MHz exposure time of 2 minutes causes an increase in the shear strength of 38 – 40 % and an increase in the duration of the construction operation of carbon under the action of the peak load of 1.5 up to 4.5 times, wherein the change in flexural strength and modulus of elasticity was 2.6 %.
Modification of Nanostructured Maraging Steels Surface with Atmospheric Nitrogen at Steel Hardening in Confined Space
Authors: Makhneva T.M. , Dement’yev V.B.
Published: September 2016

The specific features of atmospheric nitrogen surface nitriding of cold-rolled foils (the value of the coherent-scattering region is 10 nm) from stainless maraging steels after hardening in a confined space containing air are considered. Thermodynamic evaluation of the probability of influence caused by the confined space air on the phase transformations and solubility of the atmospheric nitrogen shows that the surface modification takes place in two stages: at the first stage, oxidation dominates; and at the second stage, predominantly the nitrogen absorption by the surface takes place. While changing, the nitrogen solubility reaches the maximum in the range of 10 – 22 % of Cr and has the largest values at the air pressure in the range of 0.001 – 0.04 MPa. Based on the nitrogen solubility diagrams, optimal conditions for the nitrogen austenite formation without the formation of nitrides are established. The developed method for nitriding allows the formation of nitrogen austenite layer of about 20 μm in thickness in the surface of nanostructured maraging steels without deteriorating the surface electrochemical properties.
Peculiarities of Forming of the Wear-Resistant Cast Iron Coating Structure on Steel 45 upon Plasma-Powder Surfacing
Authors: Nefedyev S.P. , Vdovin K.N. , Emelyushin A.N.
Published: September 2016

The paper studied the structure of the deposited coating formed on the 45 steel upon a plasma-powder surfacing wear-resistant white cast iron. It also described the effect of surfacing conditions and other technological influences on the weld pool during surfacing - current modulation, rapid cooling of the weld beads by blowing air and the rapid cooling of the flowing water of the substrate.
Metallographic Examination of Forming Improved Mechanical Properties via Surfacing of Steel HARDOX 450 with Flux Cored Wire
Authors: Konovalov Sergey V. , Kormyshev V. , Gromov Victor , Ivanov Yurii F.
Published: September 2016

Phase composition, defect substructure, and mechanical and tribological properties of the steel Hardox 450 surfaced with С-V-Cr-Nb-W wire are analyzed relying on procedures of transmission diffraction microscopy, mechanical and tribological methods. As a result of surfacing, wear resistance of the material is 138 – 153 times higher than that of the steel Hardox 450, and the friction factor diminishes 2 – 2.5 times. The changing dislocation substructure and phase composition of the deposited metal are analyzed in the paper. The authors have come to the conclusion that the change in analyzed properties is caused by initiation of a multiphase nanostructure. It has been revealed that its strengthening is possible due to the developing of the α-matrix martensitic pattern and a high inclusion of the volume fraction of iron-, chromium-, tungsten,- and niobium-based carbide phase. It has been ascertained in the paper that the iterative surfacing results in attenuation of the oxide phase and in the significant growth of the volume fraction inclusion of the carbide phase.
Effect of the High-Heating on the Chemical and Phase Composition of the Al-Ni-Cr Layered Coatings
Authors: Shmorgun Victor Georgievich , Bogdanov A.I. , Taube A.O.
Published: September 2016

The transformation of the structure, phase and chemical composition of the diffusion coatings of the system Al-Ni and Al-Cr-Ni at 1100 °C is studied. It is shown that the diffusion redistribution of Al by the coating thickness during the heat treatment is slower in the system Al-Cr-Ni than in the binary system Al-Ni.
Use of Mathematical Modeling in Building Ceramics Functional Properties Studies
Authors: Vil'bitskaya N.A. , Vilbitsky S.A. , Avakyan A.G.
Published: September 2016

The peculiarities of using mathematical and statistical data processing methods in studying the intensification in the process of sintering a ceramic material with a high content of high-calcium waste, and mineralizing sintering lithium-containing waste were studied. The region of optimal ceramic masses composition, which allows obtaining ceramic tiles with high functional properties, was defined.
Process Engineering of Dimensional Fused Silica Etching
Authors: Shaburova N.A. , Ratmanov T.D. , Larionov D.D.
Published: September 2016

The process of dimensional fused silica etching was offered. The production process of molycoat by magnetron sputtering of molybdenum target in inert gas (Argon) on vacuum distillation unit (NIKA-2012 TN) was examined. The coat quality (delamination, discontinuity) was analyzed; the influence of the first kind internal strains on the type of the observed defects was determined. The research was conducted by means of microscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis. It has been established that the internal strain value in the coat depends on the sputtering gas (Argon) flow rate, and, consequently, its pressure in the magnetron system for molybdenum sputtering. Zero stresses are registered under Argon's flow rate, which is 7.5 L/h. Influence of internal stresses level in the barrier coating on the quality of etching dimple.
Analysis of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on Polylactide and Thermally Modified Wood Fibers
Authors: Galyavetdinov N.R. , Safin Ruslan R. , Voronin A.E.
Published: September 2016

Biodegradable polymers based on the renewable resources are a good alternative to raw petrochemical-based materials as they are environmentally safe and rapidly degradable in natural conditions, have no discharge of harmful substances to the environment. However, the reason hampering the widespread use of biodegradable polymers in the production of materials is their high cost. In this regard the technology of obtaining of wood-filled biodegradable composites based on the binder biodegradable polymer polylactide was considered. The thermally modified wood fibers are offered to use as the filler. In the course of the research the samples of wood-plastic composites, which were subsequently tested for strength and water absorption were obtained. It is established that with the increase of temperature of processing of a wood filler there is an increase in the strength characteristics of the resulting composite, the sorption performance of the composite is, on the contrary, reduced. Hence, the proposed composite material may be applied as a solid packaging material.
Investigation of Relationship between Structural and Crystallographic Condition of some Constructional Materials and their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Novokreschenov V.V. , Rodyakina R.V. , Karimbekov M.A.
Published: September 2016

This paper presents the results of an analytical study into the relationship between the strength and plastic properties of a series of structural materials. For this purpose the behavior of different materials during the stretching process of flat tensile samples with a circular hub was studied. It was found that the criterion of relative strength A depends on the structure and type of the crystal: materials, having a body-centered crystal lattice A < 1, and materials, having face-centered crystal lattice, A > 1. Astable linear relationship, depending on the structure and the type of crystal lattice of the material, between the criterion of relative strength A, geometric parameters of the sample (R and b) with the hub, length of the zone of material’s plastic flow lp and tension δ was found to exist.
The Impact of Explosion Welding Parameters on Al/Cu Laminated Composites Interface
Authors: Pronichev Dmitriy Vladimirovich , Gurevich Leonid Moiseevich , Trunov M.D.
Published: September 2016

In this study Al/Cu laminated composite specimens were obtained via explosion welding at various modes. Microstructure, chemical composition and microhardness of Al/Cu bond area were investigated by means of optical and SEM microscopy. Four typical microstructures of Al/Cu bond area were identified at different explosion welding parameters. The types included various amounts of molten zones in the structure. The evolution of the molten zone hardness value identified explosion welding regimes which contributed to maximum amount of intermetallic compound formation during explosion welding.
Tin and Nickel Influence on the Structure and Properties of the Leaded Bronze Obtained by Means of the Centrifugal Casting
Authors: Klochkov N.S. , Egorov U.P. , Mapelli Carlo , Zabrodina Irina K.
Published: September 2016

The effect of tin and nickel on the structure and properties of the leaded bronze obtained by means of the centrifugal casting has been studied. Regularities of change of strength properties and ductility explain the features of the structure formation under the influence of nickel and tin. The paper demonstrates that introduction of nickel promotes a uniform distribution of the plate-shaped lead in the interdendritic space. Introduction of tin sufficient for the formation of eutectoid results in a uniform and compact arrangement of lead in the intergranular space. Complex alloying with nickel and tin contributes to strength characteristics increase.
Dislocation Structure Evolution during Plastic Deformation of Low-Carbon Steel
Authors: Raab Georgy I. , Podrezov Yu.M. , Aleshin Gennady N.
Published: September 2016

The paper analyzes the regularities of structure formation in low-alloyed carbon steels. During the investigation of ferritic-pearlitic steel samples it has been found that the structure formation in pearlite essentially lags behind structural changes in ferrite grains, and this delay is observed at all stages of deformation. An important feature of structure formation in pearlite is crack nucleation in cementite, accompanied by dislocation pile-up in the ferrite interlayers of pearlite. Using the method of dislocation dynamics, the relationship between structural transformations and the parameters of strain hardening is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the proposed method of computer analysis reflects well the processes taking place in a material during plastic deformation. The character of the theoretical curve of strain hardening is determined by the dislocation structure that forms in a material at various stages of deformation.
Experimental Study of Contact Joint Characteristics in Electrical Equipment
Authors: Goman V.V. , Fedoreev S.A.
Published: September 2016

The paper describes the method and results of laboratory tests with several types of demountable contact joints and operation tests at functional power industry facilities. The contacts without protective coating are compared with contacts with the protective light-alloy-based coating applied according to the authors’ technology. It is demonstrated that the technology is applicable in real electric equipment operation conditions.
Experimental Study and Thermodynamic Modeling of Phase Equilibria in the PbO-Fe2O3 System
Authors: Vinnik D.A. , Trofimov Evgeny A. , Zherebtsov D.A.
Published: September 2016

In this paper the systematized literature data about the PbO-Fe2O3 system and new experimental results are presented. Based on the analysis of EDX, DTA and PXRD data on a series of compositions from 5 to 85 mol % PbO, the phase diagram of the PbO-Fe2O3 system was updated. Using the obtained data and the data of other authors thermodynamic functions were optimized and the thermodynamic modeling of the phase equilibria in the system was performed, results of which are presented in the form of the PbO-Fe2O3 phase diagram.
Gas Atomization of the Liquid 82N7HSR Nickel Base Alloy to Produce Micropowder for Additive and Coating Technologies
Authors: Lykov P.A. , Baitimerov R.M. , Zherebtsov D.A.
Published: September 2016

In this paper an atomization of the Ni-based alloy 82N7HSR in a gas jet was studied. During the series of experiments different combinations of 3 main technological parameters (melting temperature, type of spraying gas, gas pressure in the spray nozzle) were considered. The size and shape of powder particles were studied by scanning electron microscopy and the optical granulomorphometer Occhio 500nano. The suitability of obtained powders 82N7HSR for usage in additive technologies and coating technologies was estimated.
Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals
Authors: Shaparev A.V. , Savin I.
Published: September 2016

Calculated values of joint plastic deformation for forming a connection layer of the bimetal during cold rolling. Deflection of the primary setting of the bimetal layers depends on the thickness and sizes of destruction blocks, the ratio of the geometric shapes of the blocks of the surface layer destruction, the external friction during rolling, the strip tension, the diameter of the rolls, the thickness of the bimetallic billet.
Application of Ion-Plasma Coatings with Low Droplet Phase Content
Authors: Krioni N.K. , Mingazhev A.D. , Kuzeev I.R.
Published: September 2016

Ion-plasma coating application technologies are the most advanced ones providing high performance characteristics for the parts of modern machinery and equipment. Further development of these technologies is connected with the improvement of efficiency, production processes, and quality of protective and strengthening coatings. The methods and installations for applying protective coatings by deposition of coating materials from vacuum arc plasma with the use of electric arc evaporators of metals are widely known. However, one of the main shortcomings of the existing technologies based on the use of electric arc evaporators is a high content of the droplet phase in the coating, resulting in a sharp performance reduction. In this paper, the authors propose a new approach to the process of ion-plasma material application, providing the implementation of a number of principles that improve the quality of the applied coating due to the significant reduction of the droplet phase.
The Study of Aging Cold Rolled and Hot Dip Galvanized Automotive Steel
Authors: Radionova L.V. , Subbotina Yu.M.
Published: September 2016

This paper provides the study of aging hot dip galvanized rolled products of low-carbon high-resistance automotive steels featuring good formability, weldability and dent-resistance. The authors carried out the experiment to obtain data on the period of warranty of mechanical properties of rolled products manufactured at OJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works at storage and processing at the customer's site. The following assortment of hot-dip galvanized rolled products was selected for the experiment: 08ps and DX52D steels rolled coated products, rolled products of high-strength HX220YD and 006/IFgr steels as well as those of high-strength steels hardening at coating afterbaking – HX180BD and A341-A5. Tensile test was carried out at the experimental stage to determine changes of mechanical properties of the assortment under study due to aging. Based on the experimental outcome, the graphs were plotted, which clearly demonstrated changes of mechanical properties of rolled products due to aging. It has been found that the warranty period for mechanical properties of hot-dip galvanized rolled products of DX52D, HX220YD and 006/IFgr steels is 3 to 6 months since the confirmation of the delivery date; the storage period for hot-dip galvanized rolled products of HX180BD and A341-A5 steels shall be no more than 3 months. Aging 08ps steel hot-dip galvanized rolled products begins in as little as 10 days.
Nanostructured Strengthening of Springs and Spring Steels
Authors: Shavrin O.I. , Skvortsov A.N.
Published: September 2016

The paper considers the problem of nanostructured strengthening of spring steels and springs, the idea of steel nanostructured strengthening determined not only by grain sizes but also by subgrain sizes is justified. Design schemes of thermal strain nanoscale substructure patterning in spring material produced by hot and cold coiling were implemented. Patterning of nanoscale substructure was experimentally proved. Strength analyses of spring steels and springs showed the dominant effect of nanoscale substructure on spring limited life increasing not less than 10 times at cyclic fatigue tests. Spring compression at cyclic loading decreases 10 times.
Investigation of the Surface Layer Structure of High-Chromium and High-Strength Steels at the Variation of the Heating Temperature
Authors: Dementyev V.B. , Ivanova T.N.
Published: September 2016

At present, hard-to-machine materials such as structural alloy steels with various chemical element additives – tungsten, chromium, etc. - are most widely used in engineering. When conventional finish methods are used for the treatment of hard-to-machine materials, the most important problems are the difficulty of obtaining work surfaces of a required quality in terms of accuracy, roughness and the physicochemical composition, and the low output. In the present paper, a finish method for metal treatment– grinding – is discussed. Zones of the formation of the surface stress state due to heating have been revealed: the zone of an insignificant increase in temperature in the contour of the contact of a grinding wheel and a work surface; the zone of the temperature intensive growth; and the zone of the temperature abrupt drop. The investigation has been conducted of the surface layer structure of high-strength and high-chromium steels during high-speed heating – grinding. The peculiarities of the change of the surface layer state of the above steels have been revealed after grinding with the use of conventional grinding wheels with a continuous cutting surface and a discontinuous cutting surface. Some recommendations are given for grinding of the high-strength 12Cr18Ni9 and high-chromium Cr12, Cr12Mo and Cr12V steels, taking into account the specific features of different technological situation characteristic of a specific grinding tool, a grinding tool grade, and conditions of grinding and cutting.
Technology of Packing Materials for Metal Products
Authors: Kolyada L.G. , Tarasyuk E.V. , Kalugina N.L.
Published: September 2016

Survey objective: development of methods for manufacture of combined packaging materials containing volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) and estimation of their corrosion resistance. The investigation outcome includes prototypes of the combined packaging material containing VCIs, developed optimal paper manufacturing design parameters, estimation of their protective properties compared with those of foreign equivalents. Based on the investigation outcome, the following optimal concentrations of inhibitor work solutions are selected to provide protective properties of the obtained materials: 4 mass. % in water solution for VCI-1 and VCI-2; 10 vol. % in nefras for VCI-3. It was found that inhibitor work solutions might be preferably applied on the base paper with a roller because of a low viscosity of inhibitor work solutions and even the inhibitor application obtainable with this method. The optimum temperature value for drying of the combined packaging material is 80 oС because it virtually does not result in change of inhibitor residuals. Tests according to GOST 9.054-75 prove the corrosion-resistive efficiency of the combined packaging materials obtained. Estimation of corrosion-resistive properties of the studied materials has also established that paper covered with VCI-2 is of a universal character as it features high protective properties related to cold and hot-rolled steels. Corrosion inhibiting properties of test samples of combined materials with VCI-1 and VCI-2 are equal to those of foreign equivalents.
Neural Network Modeling of Coefficient of Burden Resistance to the Gas Movement in the Lower Part of the Blast Furnace in Conditions of Operation with Coke Nut
Authors: Sibagatullin Salavat K. , Kharchenko Aleksandr S. , Potapova Marina V.
Published: September 2016

A mathematical model based on the use of artificial neural networks for forecast of resistance coefficient of burden to the gas at the bottom of the blast furnace with using of coke nut by processing of data array for the OJSC "MMK" blast furnaces (capacity of 1370 m3), equipped with a chute-type bell-less charging device has been created. This test has shown the adequacy of the model to real data. Influence of such factors as characteristics of blast (oxygen content, temperature, natural gas and water steam consumption), iron ore (raw material consumption per time unit, FeO, MgO, Al2O3 content, fraction, basicity), coke (wearability (M10), impact strength (M25), coke strength reactivity (CSR), coke reactivity index (CRI)) on gas dynamics variation at the lower part of the black furnace have been determined. Average relative prediction error does not exceed 0.28 %, the maximum of the sample is 2.82 %.
The oxygen content in the blast has the biggest effect on the burden resistance coefficient. When oxygen concentration is more than 25.2 %, the increase of natural gas consumption improves gas-dynamic conditions in the lower part of blast furnace. With the decrease of oxygen content in the blast, the influence of natural gas consumption on coefficient of burden resistance varies in the opposite direction. The reduction of coke wearability (M10) by 0.05 % abs. or the increase of coke strength reactivity (CSR) by 0.14 % abs. has compensated negative effect of coke nut (consumption 4 kg/t of iron) on blast furnace operation.
Efficiency Improvement of Sintering as a Result of Surface-Active Substance Use in Pelletizing at the JSC "Ural Steel"
Authors: Shapovalov A.N. , Dema R.R. , Nefedyev S.P.
Published: September 2016

A set of pilot experiments to improve pelletizing through the use of the sinter charge humidification of water-soluble organic surface-active agents (surfactants) has been performed in the sintering plant JSC "Ural Steel". It has been found that the surfactant use provides an improved granularity of the sinter charge and increases its gas permeability during sintering that ensures a better technology and quality. The maximum efficiency from the surfactant use is manifested in the area of the optimum moisture content of the sinter charge (7 – 8 %) at a flow rate of the experimental binder 1.2-1.6 l/h (surfactant concentration in an aqueous solution is 0.3 – 0.4 ml/l).
Modeling of the High Temperature Creep and Rupture under the Complex Stress State
Authors: Stepanova T.R. , Prokhorova T.V.
Published: September 2016

A damage mechanics model linked to the creep strain and stress three-axiality has been adopted to predict the creep lifetime under the complex stress state. The model accounts for primary-secondary-tertiary creep laws. Constitutive equation parameters were determined using experimental data of smooth specimens. Finite element modeling of creep rupture in notched specimens is presented in this work. The calculated creep failure strain and time to rupture for notched specimens (semicircular with radius 4.0 mm and U-notched with radius 1.2 mm) have been compared with experimental data for the X10CrMoVNb-9-1 steel tested at 625 °C. The calculation results of creep rupture for smooth and notched specimens show notch strengthening or notch weakening depending on the tensile stresses level and notch geometry.
Liquid-Phase Recovery of the Metallurgical Slag Using Induction Heating Installation
Authors: Dildin A.N. , Chumanov I.V.
Published: September 2016

Processing of dump slag steelmaking to extract a metal component should include the stage high-temperature recovery oxide components. The efficiency of the recovery phase depends on both temperature conditions and the composition slag, and introduced additions. The exploration of the possibility and feasibility of the liquid-phase restoration for steelmaking waste slag of the Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant applying the induction heat installation is the aim of this study. Application of induction heating was tested by laboratory research for implementation of the process of the liquid-phase metal restoration from various structure dump slags of the steel-smelting production. The parameters of the reconstruction process corresponding to the maximum extraction of a metal component from the waste slag have been identified. The design of industrial induction plant for liquid slag processing with a separate periodic metal release and a depleted slag melt was developed.