bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reputational Risk Associated with Big Data Research and Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Stitzlein Cara , Fielke Simon , Waldner François , Sanderson Todd
Published: August 2021

Many private and public actors are incentivized by the promises of big data technologies: digital tools underpinned by capabilities like artificial intelligence and machine learning. While many shared value propositions exist regarding what these technologies afford, public-facing concerns related to individual privacy, algorithm fairness, and the access to insights requires attention if the widespread use and subsequent value of these technologies are to be fully realized. Drawing from perspectives of data science, social science and technology acceptance, we present an interdisciplinary analysis that links these concerns with traditional research and development (R&D) activities. We suggest a reframing of the public R&D ‘brand’ that responds to legitimate concerns related to data collection, development, and the implementation of big data technologies. We offer as a case study Australian agriculture, which is currently undergoing such digitalization, and where concerns have been raised by landholders and the research community. With seemingly limitless possibilities, an updated account of responsible R&D in an increasingly digitalized world may accelerate the ways in which we might realize the benefits of big data and mitigate harmful social and environmental costs.
Exploring Relationship between Perception Indicators and Mitigation Behaviors of Soil Erosion in Undergraduate Students in Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Alondra María , Kelly Claire , del Valle Alfredo , Bravo-Linares Claudio , Blake William , Velasco Hugo , Meigikos dos Anjos Roberto , Barrera-Hernández Laura Fernanda , de los Santos-Villalobos Sergio
Published: August 2021

Soil erosion represents a critical socio-economic and environmental hazard for Mexico and the world. Given that soil erosion is a phenomenon influenced by human activities, it is essential to know the level of cultural perspectives on this matter. An instrument with eight scales was applied to 275 university students from a northwestern Mexican city, which measured the knowledge about soil erosion, self-efficacy in solving the problem, future perspectives, perceived consequences, obstacles to addressing soil erosion, and mitigation intentions and behaviors. To analyze the relationship between the scales and the intentions and behaviors of soil erosion mitigation, a model of structural equations was tested. In summary, the participants know the problem of soil erosion, its impacts, and recognize risks to human and environmental health. They also know their important role within soil conservation; however, they identified significant obstacles to action. This study determined that each indicator has a correlation with soil erosion mitigation intentions except for the obstacles. The indicators that had the greatest positive relationship in mitigation intentions were knowledge, self-efficacy, and the perspective of the future. The implications of these results open the landscape to the creation of efficient strategies to mitigate soil erosion in this region and Mexico.
Effects of Flipped Classroom on Learning Outcomes and Satisfaction: An Experiential Learning Perspective
Authors: Chen Chien-Chih
Published: August 2021

This article explores the flipped-classroom learning cycle and traditional blended-learning cycle from the experiential learning-theory perspective, according to which we proposed three teaching strategies: high-flipped classroom (high-FC), low-flipped classroom (low-FC), and Traditional Blended Learning (traditional BL). And, the three teaching strategies are adopted in the course of Enterprise Resource Planning System. The purpose is to investigate the effects of learning outcomes and satisfaction among high-FC, traditional BL, and low-FC. This research adopts a quasi-experimental method. The sample for the study is a compulsory course of the Information Management Department of the University of Science and Technology in Taiwan, with a total of 94 students in two classes. There are several research conclusions. (1) The three groups of t test results found that there are significant differences in the learning outcomes of the system skills. high-FC is better than low-FC, low-FC is better than traditional BL, and high-FC is better than traditional BL. However, there are no significant differences in the learning outcomes of process knowledge. (2) The results of ANOVA testing showed that students have the highest perceived learning outcomes for high-FC, followed by low-FC and traditional BL. (3) The results of ANOVA testing showed that students have the highest perceived learning satisfaction in high-FC, followed by low-FC, and the lowest is traditional BL. (4) The t test result shows that students are more satisfied with preview e-learning than review e-learning. The study findings provide several implications. (1) It is feasible to implement flipped classrooms from the perspective of experiential-learning theory. (2) Fully flipped classrooms have practical difficulties. A partially flipped classroom (high-FC or low-FC) can be a feasible gradual strategy. (3) Flipped classrooms and e-learning support each other’s sustainable development. (4) The flipped classroom based on experiential learning theoretical perspective has obtained preliminary verification in the ERP-system course.
From Power to Legitimacy—Explaining Historical and Contemporary Water Conflict at Yesa Reservoir (Spain) and Gross Reservoir (USA) Using Path Dependency
Authors: Turley Laura
Published: August 2021

Conflict over new dams and reservoirs is well-studied, but less is known about controversies over the reoperation of existing water infrastructure. This paper presents two cases of reoperation that have been embroiled in conflict: the Gross Reservoir Expansion Project in Colorado, United States, and the Yesa Reservoir Regrowth project in Aragon and Navarra, Spain. A historical analysis of each of the cases relies on process tracing, reaching back to their construction in the 1950s up to present day, and a cross-case comparison distills findings on the causes of historical and contemporary conflict. The paper adds empirical evidence to the phenomenon of path dependency, and argues that a transition of the dominant mechanism of institutional reproduction occurs in the cases—from power to legitimacy—which in turn informs us about the historical and present-day conflicts. We find that through the contemporary reoperation, water service providers are experiencing a legitimacy crisis related to the quickly-evolving values of water users, and their access to competing sources of knowledge and expertise.
Accountancy as a Meaningful Work. Main Determinants from a Job Quality and Optimization Algorithm Approach
Authors: del-Pozo-Antúnez José-Joaquín , Molina-Sánchez Horacio , Fernández-Navarro Francisco , Ariza-Montes Antonio
Published: August 2021

The primary purpose of the accounting profession is to provide quality information to the market that facilitates the allocation of resources. The context in which it operates must attend to some stressors that can affect the professional’s meaning of the work. Meaningful work (MW) is based on the concept of valuable work and work well done, so it is directly related to the concept of quality at work, which is a constant concern in the accounting profession. The method used to determine meaningful work identifies the set of job quality indexes, as defined by the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), related to the MW. This paper has used an integer programming genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the JQIs and the statistically significant combinations. The findings showed that JQIs, skills development and discretion (SD), and physical environment (PE) positively and intensely relate to MW. Likewise, reduction of the work intensity (WI) and improvement of the social environment (SE) are related in the same direction as the MW. On the other hand, the results showed different indicator weightings depending on the age of the accountants. This paper shows the importance that accountants attribute to professional competence and how, throughout their careers, the JQI that most relate to MW is changing, from a social vision to preferences where the care of personal time also prevails.
AI Augmented Approach to Identify Shared Ideas from Large Format Public Consultation
Authors: Weng Min-Hsien , Wu Shaoqun , Dyer Mark
Published: August 2021

Public data, contributed by citizens, stakeholders and other potentially affected parties, are becoming increasingly used to collect the shared ideas of a wider community. Having collected large quantities of text data from public consultation, the challenge is often how to interpret the dataset without resorting to lengthy time-consuming manual analysis. One approach gaining ground is the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies. Based on machine learning technology applied to analysis of human natural languages, NLP provides the opportunity to automate data analysis for large volumes of texts at a scale that would be virtually impossible to analyse manually. Using NLP toolkits, this paper presents a novel approach for identifying and visualising shared ideas from large format public consultation. The approach analyses grammatical structures of public texts to discover shared ideas from sentences comprising subject + verb + object and verb + object that express public options. In particular, the shared ideas are identified by extracting noun, verb, adjective phrases and clauses from subjects and objects, which are then categorised by urban infrastructure categories and terms. The results are visualised in a hierarchy chart and a word tree using cascade and tree views. The approach is illustrated using data collected from a public consultation exercise called “Share an Idea” undertaken in Christchurch, New Zealand, after the 2011 earthquake. The approach has the potential to upscale public participation to identify shared design values and associated qualities for a wide range of public initiatives including urban planning.
The Impact of Direct and Indirect COVID-19 Related Demand Shocks on Sectoral CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Major Asia Pacific Countries
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Jawad , Gonzalez Ernesto D. R. Santibanez
Published: August 2021

COVID-19’s demand shocks have a significant impact on global CO2 emissions. However, few studies have estimated the impact of COVID-19’s direct and indirect demand shocks on sectoral CO2 emissions and linkages. This study’s goal is to estimate the impact of COVID-19’s direct and indirect demand shocks on the CO2 emissions of the Asia-Pacific countries of Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan (BCIIP). The study, based on the Asian Development Bank’s COVID-19 economic impact scenarios, estimated the impact of direct and indirect demand shocks on CO2 releases using input–output and hypothetical extraction methods. In the no COVID-19 scenario, China emitted the most CO2 (11 billion tons (Bt)), followed by India (2 Bt), Indonesia (0.5 Bt), Pakistan (0.2 Bt), and Bangladesh (0.08 Bt). For BCIIP nations, total demand shocks forced a 1–2% reduction in CO2 emissions under a worst-case scenario. Given BCIIP’s current economic recovery, a best or moderate scenario with a negative impact of less than 1% is more likely in coming years. Direct demand shocks, with a negative 85–63% share, caused most of the CO2 emissions decrease. The downstream indirect demand had only a 15–37% contribution to CO2 emissions reduction. Our study also discusses policy implications.
From Public Participation to Co-Creation in the Cultural Heritage Management Decision-Making Process
Authors: Grcheva Olgica , Oktay Vehbi Beser
Published: August 2021

According to the ongoing discussions of researchers, practitioners, and international legislation, the prioritization of top-down decision-making processes in public participation is questionable due to their ambiguous outcomes in various contexts associated with the management of cultural heritage. The main aim of this paper is to highlight and identify co-creation as a sustainable and significant bottom-up methodology that has a wide range of applications, especially in the domain of Cultural Heritage Management (CHM). It is presented as an alternative to the already existing, less democratic, and passive public participation decision-making processes. Examining the evolution of the terms and the processes, together with the common aspects and differences between public participation and co-creation is another goal of this paper. Based on these aims and goals, after conducting case study analyses in various contexts and comprehensive theoretical reviews of the international charters and ongoing practices associated with both key terms, “public participation” and “co-creation”, this paper introduces results that have the potential to solve the existing problems in public participation models and frameworks and successfully integrate communities into the CHM decision-making process through the implementation of the co-creation methodology.
Quantification of Sub-Solar Star Ages from the Symmetry of Conjugate Histograms of Spin Period and Angular Velocity
Authors: Criss Robert E. , Hofmeister Anne M.
Published: August 2021

Empirical laws proposed for the decline in star spin with time have heretofore been tested using ambiguous fitting models. We develop an analytical inverse model that uses histogram data to unequivocally determine the physical law governing how dwarf star spin depends on time (t) and mass (M). We analyze shapes of paired histograms of axial rotation period (П) and angular velocity (ω = 2π/П) to utilize the fact that a variable and its reciprocal are governed by the same physics. Copious data on open clusters are used to test the formula ∂ω/∂t ∝ − ωn where n is unrestricted, and thus covers diverse possibilities. Histogram conjugates for each of 15 clusters with 120 to 812 measurements provide n = 1.13 ± 0.19. Results are independent of initial spin rate, bin size, cluster parameters, and star mass. Notably, 11 large clusters with mostly M-types yield fits with n = 1.07 ± 0.12. Associations behave similarly. Only exponential decay (n = 1) explains the similar shapes of the conjugate histograms for the spin period and angular velocity, despite the asymmetric (inverse) relationship of these variables. This rate law is consistent with viscous dissipation. Forward modeling confirms that n is near unity and further shows that coeval formation of all stars in a cluster does not occur. We therefore explore a constant rate of star production, which is reasonable for tiny stars. Inverse models show that episodic production increases with mass, but is unimportant below ~0.55 MSun. We infer star and cluster ages, and find that star production becomes less regular with time, as interstellar gas and dust are progressively depleted. Our new analytical approach of extracting a physical law from conjugate histograms is general and widely applicable.
Changes of DNA Damage Effect of T-2 or Deoxynivalenol Toxins during Three Weeks Exposure in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Revealed by LORD-Q PCR
Authors: Szabó Rubina Tünde , Kovács-Weber Mária , Balogh Krisztián Milán , Mézes Miklós , Kovács Balázs
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to adapt a Long-run Real-time DNA Damage Quantification (LORD-Q) qPCR-based method for the analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and detect the DNA damaging effect of T-2 (4.11 mg kg−1) and deoxynivalenol (5.96 mg kg−1) mycotoxins in a 3-week feeding period. One-year-old Common carp were treated in groups (control, T-2 and DON). The mycotoxins were sprayed over the complete pelleted feed, and samples were taken weekly. Following the adaptation of LORD-Q PCR method for the Common carp species, the number of lesions were calculated to determine the amount of DNA damage. In the first and second weeks, the T-2 and the DON treated groups differed significantly from each other; however these differences disappeared in the third week. There was a significant difference in the DNA lesion values between weeks 1 and 3 in the deoxynivalenol-contaminated groups. While in the T-2 treated groups, the DNA lesion values were significantly reduced on weeks 2 and 3 compared to week 1. The results suggested that the trichothecene mycotoxins have a relevant DNA damaging effect.
Interactions between Filter-Feeding Bivalves and Toxic Diatoms: Influence on the Feeding Behavior of Crassostrea gigas and Pecten maximus and on Toxin Production by Pseudo-nitzschia
Authors: Sauvey Aurore , Denis Françoise , Hégaret Hélène , Le Roy Bertrand , Lelong Christophe , Jolly Orianne , Pavie Marie , Fauchot Juliette
Published: August 2021

Among Pseudo-nitzschia species, some produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), a source of serious health problems for marine organisms. Filter-feeding organisms—e.g., bivalves feeding on toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia spp.—are the main vector of DA in humans. However, little is known about the interactions between bivalves and Pseudo-nitzschia. In this study, we examined the interactions between two juvenile bivalve species—oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and scallop (Pecten maximus)—and two toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species—P. australis and P. fraudulenta. We characterized the influence of (1) diet composition and the Pseudo-nitzschia DA content on the feeding rates of oysters and scallops, and (2) the presence of bivalves on Pseudo-nitzschia toxin production. Both bivalve species fed on P. australis and P. fraudulenta. However, they preferentially filtered the non-toxic Isochrysis galbana compared to Pseudo-nitzschia. The presence of the most toxic P. australis species resulted in a decreased clearance rate in C. gigas. The two bivalve species accumulated DA in their tissues (up to 0.35 × 10−3 and 5.1 × 10−3 µg g−1 for C. gigas and P. maximus, respectively). Most importantly, the presence of bivalves induced an increase in the cellular DA contents of both Pseudo-nitzschia species (up to 58-fold in P. fraudulenta in the presence of C. gigas). This is the first evidence of DA production by Pseudo-nitzschia species stimulated in the presence of filter-feeding bivalves. The results of this study highlight complex interactions that can influence toxin production by Pseudo-nitzschia and accumulation in bivalves. These results will help to better understand the biotic factors that drive DA production by Pseudo-nitzschia and bivalve contamination during Pseudo-nitzschia blooms.
A New Molecular Detection System for Canine Distemper Virus Based on a Double-Check Strategy
Authors: Halecker Sabrina , Bock Sabine , Beer Martin , Hoffmann Bernd
Published: August 2021

Due to changing distemper issues worldwide and to inadequate results of an inter-laboratory study in Germany, it seems sensible to adapt and optimize the diagnostic methods for the detection of the canine distemper virus (CDV) to the new genetic diversity of virus strains. The goal of the project was the development, establishment and validation of two independent one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods for the safe detection of CDV in domestic and wild animals. For this purpose, an existing CDV-RT-qPCR was decisively adapted and, in addition, a completely new system was developed. Both CDV-RT-qPCR systems are characterized by a very high, comparable analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and can be mutually combined with inhibition or extraction controls. The reduction in the master mix used allows for the parallel implementation of both CDV-RT-qPCR systems without significant cost increases. For validation of the new CDV-RT-qPCR duplex assays, a panel comprising 378 samples derived from Germany, several European countries and one African country were tested. A sensitivity of 98.9% and a specificity of 100% were computed for the new assays, thus being a reliable molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of CDV in domestic and wild animals.
The Ebola Virus Interferon Antagonist VP24 Undergoes Active Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking
Authors: Harrison Angela R. , David Cassandra T. , Rawlinson Stephen M. , Moseley Gregory W.
Published: August 2021

Viral interferon (IFN) antagonist proteins mediate evasion of IFN-mediated innate immunity and are often multifunctional, with distinct roles in viral replication. The Ebola virus IFN antagonist VP24 mediates nucleocapsid assembly, and inhibits IFN-activated signaling by preventing nuclear import of STAT1 via competitive binding to nuclear import receptors (karyopherins). Proteins of many viruses, including viruses with cytoplasmic replication cycles, interact with nuclear trafficking machinery to undergo nucleocytoplasmic transport, with key roles in pathogenesis; however, despite established karyopherin interaction, potential nuclear trafficking of VP24 has not been investigated. We find that inhibition of nuclear export pathways or overexpression of VP24-binding karyopherin results in nuclear localization of VP24. Molecular mapping indicates that cytoplasmic localization of VP24 depends on a CRM1-dependent nuclear export sequence at the VP24 C-terminus. Nuclear export is not required for STAT1 antagonism, consistent with competitive karyopherin binding being the principal antagonistic mechanism, while export mediates return of nuclear VP24 to the cytoplasm where replication/nucleocapsid assembly occurs.
Influenza Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoprotein, S1, or S2 Domains
Authors: Chu Ki-Back , Kang Hae-Ji , Yoon Keon-Woong , Lee Hae-Ahm , Moon Eun-Kyung , Han Beom-Ku , Quan Fu-Shi
Published: August 2021

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic had brought disastrous consequences throughout the entire world. While several manufactured vaccines have been approved for emergency use, continuous efforts to generate novel vaccines are needed. In this study, we developed SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the full length of spike (S) glycoprotein (S full), S1, or S2 together with the influenza matrix protein 1 (M1) as a core protein. Successfully constructed VLPs expressing the S full, S1, and S2 via Sf9 cell transfections were confirmed and characterized by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). VLP immunization in mice induced higher levels of spike protein-specific IgG and its subclasses compared to naïve control, with IgG2a being the most predominant subclass. S full and S1 immune sera elicited virus-neutralizing activities, but these were not strong enough to fully inhibit receptor–ligand binding of the SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing activities were not observed from the S2 VLP immune sera. Overall, our findings revealed that S full or S1 containing VLPs can be developed into effective vaccines.
F-Specific RNA Bacteriophage Transport in Stream Water: Hydro-Meteorological Controls and Association with Suspended Solids
Authors: Martínez-Carreras Núria , Ogorzaly Leslie , Walczak Cécile , Merlin Christophe , Montargès-Pelletier Emmanuelle , Gantzer Christophe , Iffly Jean-François , Cauchie Henry-Michel , Hissler Christophe
Published: August 2021

F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) are commonly used as indicators of faecal and viral contamination in waters. Once they enter surface waters, the exact role of suspended solids, sediments and hydro-meteorological factors in their fluvial fate and transport is poorly understood, and long-term studies (e.g., over years) are lacking. In this study, FRNAPH concentrations and genogroup distribution were measured in the Orne River (France) during two years at weekly intervals, and during four storm runoff events. Hydro-meteorological driving factors were investigated at both time scales. FRNAPH concentrations and genogroups at different depths of a riverbank sediment core were also examined to better discriminate the origin of the faecal pollution. During low flows, the FRNAPH and the suspended solid transport were decoupled and the FRNAPH concentrations were mainly correlated with the air and water temperature. During storm runoff events, the FRNAPH concentrations only showed a significant correlation with conductivity, turbidity and water discharge. Despite the uncertainty of the predictions, multi parameter regression models using hydro-meteorological variables were suitable to predict log transformed FRNAPHs’ concentrations at low flows with a standard error of 0.46. Model performance using the storm runoff events dataset was low. This study highlights different driving factors at low flows and during storm runoff events, and the need to measure at both time scales to better understand phage transport dynamics in surface water.
Pasts and Presents of Urban Socio-Hydrogeology: Groundwater Levels in Berlin, 1870–2020
Authors: Frommen Theresa , Moss Timothy
Published: August 2021

Although it is self-evident that today’s groundwater issues have a history that frames both problems and responses, these histories have received scant attention in the socio-hydrogeological literature to date. This paper aims to enrich the field of socio-hydrogeology with a novel, historical perspective on groundwater management whilst simultaneously demonstrating the value to water history of engaging with groundwater. This is achieved by applying hydrogeological, socio-hydrogeological, and historical methods in an interdisciplinary and collaborative research process while analysing a case study of urban groundwater management over a 150-year period. In the German capital Berlin, local aquifers have always been central to its water supply and, being close to the surface, have made for intricate interactions between urban development and groundwater levels. The paper describes oscillations in groundwater levels across Berlin’s turbulent history and the meanings attached to them. It demonstrates the value to socio-hydrogeology of viewing the history of groundwater through a socio-material lens and to urban history of paying greater attention to subsurface water resources. The invisibility and inscrutability associated with groundwater should not discourage attention, but rather incite curiosity into this underexplored realm of the subterranean city, inspiring scholars and practitioners well beyond the confines of hydrogeology.
A Spatial Integrated SLR Adaptive Management Plan Framework (SISAMP) toward Sustainable Coasts
Authors: Davar Lida , Griggs Gary , Danehkar Afshin , Salmanmahiny Abdolrassoul , Azarnivand Hossein , Naimi Babak
Published: August 2021

Sea-level rise (SLR) is known as a central part of the Earth’s response to human-induced global warming and is projected to continue to rise over the twenty-first century and beyond. The importance of coastal areas for both human and natural systems has led researchers to conduct extensive studies on coastal vulnerability to SLR impacts and develop adaptation options to cope with rising sea level. Investigations to date have focused mostly on developed and highly populated coasts, as well as diverse ecosystems including tidal salt marshes and mangroves. As a result, there is less information on vulnerability and adaptation of less-developed and developing coasts to sea-level rise and its associated impacts. Hence, this research aimed at outlining an appropriate coastal management framework to adapt to SLR on the coasts that are in the early stage of development. A coastal area with a low level of development, located in southern Iran along the Gulf of Oman, was selected as a case study. The types of lands exposed to the high-end estimates of SLR by 2100 were identified and used as the primary criteria in determining the practical adaptation approaches for developing coasts. The result of coastal exposure assessment showed that, of five exposed land cover types, bare land, which is potentially considered for development, has the highest percentage of exposure to future sea-level rise. In order to protect the exposed coastal lands from future development and increase adaptive capacity of coastal systems, we developed a Spatial Integrated SLR Adaptive Management Plan Framework (SISAMP) based on an exposure reduction approach. Spatial land management tools and coastal exposure assessment models along with three other key components were integrated into the proposed conceptual framework to reduce coastal vulnerability through minimizing exposure of coastal communities to SLR-induced impacts. This adaptation plan provides a comprehensive approach for sustainable coastal management in a changing climate, particularly on developing coasts.
Cenozoic Marine Basin Evolution in the Western North Aegean trough Margin: Seismic Stratigraphic Evidence
Authors: Varesis Alexandros , Anastasakis George
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the interplay of evolving tectonic and submarine sedimentation processes in the northwest Aegean Sea using marine multichannel seismic profiles. We identify an extensive basin developing in the Thermaikos Gulf inner shelf, outer shelf, and slope leading to the 1500 m deep West North Aegean Trough (NAT). We establish the unconformable extent of Eocene and Oligocene sequences on the upper shelf and trace their continuation in the deeper shelf and slope of Thermaikos Gulf. The start of the Miocene and Middle Miocene developed below the well-established Messinian bounding reflectors that are mostly erosional. Important lateral variations are observed within the Messinian sequence, which is up to 0.8 s thick. Messinian prograding clinoforms are identified on the Thermaikos Gulf shelf and southeast of Chalkidiki, and a zone of irregular reflectors is attributed to the Messinian salt layer. The transpressional deformation of the Messinian in the southwestern margin constrains the timing of westward progradation of the North Anatolian Fault during Messinian. The Pliocene-Quaternary sediments are 0.6–1.8 s thick, showing the overwhelming effect of tectonics on sedimentation plus the northwards Quaternary activation at the Thermaikos apron.
Developing a corrective diet for schoolchildren with zinc deficiency
Authors: Simakov Yu.G. , Livinskaya S.A. , Smorodinskaya S.V.
Published: August 2021

An important condition for creating a full-fledged school feeding program is an individual correction of rations based on a survey of the actual nutrition of children and the indicators of their metabolism established by clinical laboratory methods, as well as the provision of basic nutrients. This paper analyzes a typical cyclical school menu for the zinc provision and compliance of its nutritional and energy value with the declared standards. The calculation of an afternoon snack and dinner values for schoolchildren of 7–11 years old, providing the daily requirements for basic substances, has been carried out. The corrective diet was aimed at meeting the daily requirement of the pupil's body for zinc. Such a diet is aimed at preventing functional disorders of the immune system, chronic diseases of the lungs and bronchi, and developmental delays in children.

English version of the article on pp. 480-484 is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/development-of-a-corrective-diet-for-school-children-with-zinc-deficiency/66219.html
Reproductive traits of sows of Landrace breed of Canadian selection
Authors: Mikolaychik I. N. , Morozova L. A. , Kostomakhin N. M. , Iltyakov A. V. , Okhokhonina Е. N.
Published: August 2021

One of the most important economically useful features in pig breeding is considered to be the reproductive traits of pigs. The purpose of the research was to study the reproductive traits of sows of Landrace breed of Canadian selection under the conditions in the Kurgan region. The research has been carried out on sows of Landrace breed of Canadian selection under the conditions of the farm “Iltyakov V. N.” in the Chastoozersky district in the Kurgan region. The five most productive blood lines with the total number of 46 sows have been selected for the research. It has been found by studies that the highest rate of prolificacy has been characterized by sows of the blood line AOZD 62704Y (14,13 heads), which was 11,17 % more than in the blood line LVS 40002X. Higher livability of piglets at weaning has been observed in sows of the blood lines AOZD 60805Y and AOZD 62201Y (11,60 %), which was 1,44 % more than in sows of the blood line AOZD 62101Z. Higher heavy litter has been observed in piglets obtained from sows of the blood line LVS 40002X – 1,73 kg, which was 13,83 % more than the same indicator in the blood line AOZD 60805Y. On the basis of the conducted studies we came to the conclusion that from the considered blood lines of sows of Landrace breed of Canadian selection the blood line AOZD 62704Y can be distinguished by its reproductive and productive traits, since it has the maximum number of piglets born and the largest litter weight at birth. At the same time, the blood line LVS 40002X has been characterized by the best indicators of livability and heavy litter of piglets.
Book Review: The Date of the Muratorian Fragment By John F. Lingelbach
Authors: Bajjani Lucy C.
Published: August 2021

This book seeks to put an end to the debate concerning the date of production of the Muratorian Fragment by applying the second phase of the Inference to the Best Explanation method. The author presents extensive research on the debates, a clear methodology, and his own conclusions on the subject. This is a book mainly about New Testament canons and church authority, but also church history and historiography.
Specificities of landing propulsion system jets’ gas dynamic effects on re-entry vehicle and ground surface during landing
Authors: PAVLOV Aleksandr O. , Simakova Tatyana V.
Published: August 2021

The re-entry vehicle that is part of the new generation piloted spacecraft being developed in RSC “Energia” is designed to land on ground with the help of parachute-reactive landing system. One of the parts of this system is the propulsion unit that helps reduce the descend velocity just before touchdown. Knowledge of gas dynamics of jets formed by combustion products of working propulsion unit is essential for designing its regime.
This paper contains results of numerical simulation of the landing process of re-entry vehicle with active propulsion unit near the ground. Among the acquired data are pressure distributions over the landing area and over the surface of the re-entry vehicle. Obtained results are necessary for determining optimal configuration and regime of the propulsion unit.
Key words: landing propulsion system, re-entry vehicle, jet gas dynamics.
O discurso dos ateus em redes sociais: a emergência do ateísmo digital
Authors:   , Castro Melquisedeque Oliveira de
Published: August 2021

Se as redes sociais são hoje o espaço onde as religiões de manifestam e se digladiam, teria o ateísmo, como negação do religioso ou afirmação do não-transcendente, voz e espaço? Parti desata questão mais ampla para buscar as formas como o discurso dos ateus emerge das redes sociais. As redes sociais são um vasto mundo e, por isso, procurei recortar os múltiplos atores e agentes ateus em plena operação. Selecionei, em algumas plataformas do meio virtual - Instagram, Youtube e Facebook, comunidades como o “Bar do Ateu” e ATEA (Associação de Ateus), dentre outros. Minha hipótese é a de que o discurso atue se apresenta, por um lado, com uma tendência, a do neoateismo, por outro, no interior do discurso, se vê o múltiplo. Como utilizei, enveredei-me pela Análise do Discurso na vertente francesa, com Michel Pêcheux e Michel Foucault. As redes sociais possibilitaram a construção de novas crenças e subjetividades marcadas pelo ateísmo. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram, entre outros, que há uma certa unidade no discurso ateísta, quando este trata da descrença em deidades, mas há pluralidade de discursos e concepções ateístas entre os diferentes atores presentes nas redes sociais.
Os efeitos do treinamento neurológico nas funções motoras de pacientes com isquemia cerebral
Authors: Jair Melo Alves Thálys , De Pinho Ferreira Júnior2 Aristarco , Monteiro Agostini Camila , Felipe de Assis Gustavo , Lopes Campos João Victor , Silva Ubiratan Rodrigues da , Cristina Moreira Damázio Laila
Published: August 2021

Introdução. O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a doença que mais causa incapacidade funcional no mundo. Objetivo. Investigar os efeitos do treinamento neurológico funcional no desempenho motor e qualidade de vida de pacientes com sequelas de AVC e avaliar a saúde e a qualidade de vida de seus cuidadores. Método. Foram reabilitados oito pacientes, os quais realizaram exercícios funcionais, simples e dinâmicos todos os dias com uma média de 4 a 8 horas de atividades por dia, durante 6 dias por semana em 8 semanas. Para avaliação da funcionalidade dos pacientes foi utilizada a escala Fugl-Meyer e o questionário SF-36 para a qualidade de vida. Os dados das escalas antes e após o treinamento neurológico funcional foram analisados com o auxílio do programa estatístico GraphPrismPad 5.0, utilizando como teste estatístico o t-student pareado, considerando como nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados. Os dados da escala Fugl-Meyer, demonstraram diferenças na função motora dos membros inferiores e superiores do membro afetado, na coordenação/velocidade e no total da função motora. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida foi evidenciada diferença apenas para o domínio aspecto social. Os dados da escala SF-36 entre os cuidadores, não demonstrou diferença para nenhum domínio. Conclusão. A realização de treinamento neurológico funcional em pacientes com sequelas de AVC contribui na melhora da aquisição de competências motoras.
CARACTERÍSTICAS BIOMÉTRICAS ENTRE CULTIVARES DE MILHO VERDE PARA CONSUMO IN NATURA
Authors: Almeida Júnior Joaquim Júlio , Smiljanic Katya Bonfim Ataides , de Lima Netto Aristóteles Mesquita , Lima Lásara Isabella Oliveira , Pinto Leonardo Soares , Silva Reinaldo Ferreira , Veronez Ricardo Vilela de Sousa , Pires Delma Erks , Alves Robson Pereira , Dutra Janderson Martins , Santos Liny Junio Souza
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características peculiar ao consumo do milho in natura e índice de massa nas variedades milho hibrido BM3061, AG1051 e Sempre Verde. O projeto foi conduzido no ano agrícola de 2015/2106 na área experimental do NÚCLEO DE PESQUISA EM FITOTECNIA - FELEOS/MINEIROS/GO, apresentando como coordenadas geográficas aproximadas, 17° 58’ S de latitude e 45°22’ W de longitude e com 845 m de altitude. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5x3 e quatro repetições, sendo cinco dose de adubação mineral (T1 – Controle (300kg) A.M. (Adubo Mineral) ha-1; T2 – 600kg A.M. ha-1; T3 – 900 kg A.M. ha-1; T4 – 1.200 kg A.M. ha-1; T5 – 1.500 A.M. kg ha-1) e três cultivar de milho (BN3061, AG1051 e Sempre Verde). As cultivar de milho foram avaliados biometricamente através do NGF: Número de grão por fileira; NF: Número de fileiras; NGE: Número de grão por espiga; DE: Diâmetro de espiga (mm); DS: Diâmetro de sabugo (mm). As características avaliadas entre as cultivares não ocorreu diferença estatística significativa entre elas, entre as cultivares testadas a que obteve os melhores resultados foram AG 1051 e Sempre verde.
The economic value of beach nourishment in South Carolina
Authors: Houston James
Published: August 2021

Tourism has become increasingly important in South Carolina’s economy, particularly beach tourism that accounts for two-thirds of tourist spending. Maintaining beaches is a requirement for a successful beach tourism industry. In the past 30 years, about 1.7 million yd3 of sand has been placed annually on South Carolina beaches. The annual cost has been $20.2 million in 2019 dollars or $13.9 million (2019 dollars) if federal mitigation and emergency sand placements are not included because their purpose was not in support of tourism. Beach nourishment has been very successful in combating shoreline recession. From 1984-1987 through 2006, South Carolina shorelines that were not nourished receded 101 ft on average, and shorelines that were nourished advanced 110 ft on average — and tourism boomed. South Carolina beach tourists generate $16.6 billion annually in South Carolina economic development and about $1.8 billion in taxes. For each $1 spent on beach nourishment, South Carolina receives over $1,200 in economic development generated by beach tourists and federal, state, and local governments receive almost $130 in taxes. Beach tourists have options, and with the state government spending only $3.1 million annually on beach nourishment versus the Florida state government spending $50 million on Florida beaches, South Carolina must be careful to maintain its beaches to continue attracting tourists at record levels.
REMOCIÓN DE NUTRIMENTOS POR FRUTOS DE AGUACATE MÉNDEZ
Authors: Salazar-García Samuel , Mellado-Vázquez Adriana , Ibarra-Estrada Martha E. , Herrera-González Juan A. , Álvarez-Bravo Arturo
Published: August 2021

El aguacate (Persea americana Miller) cv. Méndez es de importancia económica en México porque se cosecha cuando baja la producción de Hass, por lo que alcanza mejor precio. Con el fin de conservar esta ventaja comercial se requiere producir frutos de buena calidad mediante la aplicación de los nutrientes requeridos por el cultivo. Como el estado nutrimental de los frutos de aguacate es influenciado por factores edáficos, climáticos, manejo agronómico, fertilización, cultivar y época de floración, que interaccionan en una zona productora, el objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la concentración y remoción de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn y B por los tejidos del fruto (exocarpio o piel, mesocarpio o pulpa, cubierta seminal y embrión) de la producción principal (junio a septiembre) del aguacate Méndez cultivado en las regiones de Jalisco, Michoacán y Nayarit. Se recolectaron frutos por huerto (siete) y región (tres) con ≥ 22.7 % de materia seca en el mesocarpio (método del horno de microondas). De cada tejido del fruto se obtuvo el peso de materia fresca y seca con la finalidad de determinar la concentración de nutrimentos y calcular la remoción por tejido y fruto completo. Se realizó análisis de varianza de una vía y la prueba de comparación de medias Waller-Duncan. El exocarpio de los frutos de Jalisco removió más P, Ca, Fe y Cu. En Jalisco y Michoacán el mesocarpio tuvo mayor remoción de K, Mg y Cu. La cubierta seminal de los frutos de Jalisco sobresalió en K, Ca y Cu. En cuanto al embrión, los frutos de Jalisco y Michoacán presentaron la mayor remoción de nutrimentos. En Michoacán y Jalisco los frutos presentaron la mayor remoción total de P (0.41 a 0.43 kg t-1), K (4.20 a 4.42 kg t-1), Mg (0.34 a 0.35 kg t-1) y Fe (10.18 a 10.25 g t-1), mientras que en Nayarit fue el B (13.25 g t-1).
NITRÓGENO EN FERTIRRIEGO PARA PRODUCIR SEMILLA DE LÍNEAS PROGENITORAS Y CRUZAS SIMPLES DE MAÍZ: DOSIS Y DISTRIBUCIÓN
Authors: Zepeda-Bautista Rosalba , Virgen-Vargas Juan , Suazo-López Francisco , Arellano-Vázquez José L. , Ávila-Perches Miguel Á.
Published: August 2021

El costo y el impacto al ambiente por aplicar fertilizante nitrogenado para producir semilla híbrida de maíz (Zea mays L.) son elevados y opuestos al desarrollo sustentable. La dosis, distribución y forma de aplicación son limitadas; por ello, se evaluó la aplicación del N en fertirriego y su efecto en el rendimiento de semilla en líneas y cruzas simples progenitoras de híbridos. En 2013 y 2014 se evaluaron las líneas M-54, M-55 y CML-242, las cruzas simples M-54×M-55 y M-55×M-54 y el híbrido H-70, con las dosis de N 150, 225 y 300 kg ha-1 en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. La distribución de las dosis 150, 225 y 300N-60P-30K se realizó durante el ciclo biológico. Las diferencias entre genotipos, dosis de N y años fueron significativas estadísticamente (P ≤ 0.01) para inicio de floración masculina (IFM) y femenina (IFF) y rendimiento de semilla. Hubo diferencias de 7 a 11 d entre M-54 y M-55 para IFM e IFF, y de 3 a 5 d entre M-54×M-55 y CML-242. Líneas y cruzas simples rindieron en promedio 3.28 y 8.44 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. Las dosis de 225 y 300 kg N ha-1 en fertirriego retrasaron el IFM e IFF en promedio entre 1 y 3 d, en comparación con 150 kg N ha-1, que tuvo un rendimiento promedio de 6.37 Mg ha-1. En 2013 el IFM e IFF aumentó en 4 y 2, d mientras que el rendimiento disminuyó en 3 % en comparación con 2014. La línea M-55 con 225 kg N ha-1 en 2013 rindió 25 % más que con 150 kg N ha-1. La aplicación de 150 kg N ha-1 en fertirriego incrementa la producción de semilla y las dosis de 225 y 300 kg ha-1 de N retrasan la floración.
RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DEL MAÍZ TUXPEÑO V-520C ADAPTADO CON SELECCIÓN MASAL A VALLES ALTOS, MÉXICO
Authors: López-Morales Fernando , Vázquez-Carrillo Ma. Gricelda , García-Zavala J. Jesús , Reyes-López Delfino , Bonilla-Barrientos Olga , Esquivel-Esquivel Gilberto , García Ligia , Hernández-Salinas Gregorio , Pérez-Jiménez Genaro , Herrera-Pérez Lusmila , Molina-Galán José D.
Published: August 2021

En el Estado de México, como en otras regiones de temporal de la república mexicana, los productores prefieren semilla de maíz nativo (Zea mays L.) por su adaptación a las condiciones de secano y por sus características para el procesamiento del nixtamal y elaboración de tortillas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento, la calidad de grano, y la elaboración de nixtamal y tortilla de la variedad Tuxpeño V-520C adaptada a Valles Altos mediante selección masal visual (SMV) utilizando los ciclos C0, C14, C19 y el Compuesto Universal de la raza Chalqueño como testigo, en el Estado de México. Se realizaron tres experimentos en tres ambientes con diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento y las características de calidad del grano y tortillas bajo el método tradicional. Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparación de medias de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05) entre los genotipos. Se encontró significancia (P ≤ 0.05) entre ambientes, genotipos y en la interacción genotipo-ambiente para la mayoría de las variables. La SMV incrementó la adaptación a Valles Altos. El maíz Tuxpeño V-520C incrementó el rendimiento hasta en 67 % (C0 = 1.46 vs. C19 = 4.46 t ha-1) y mejoró la calidad de grano y de tortilla conforme avanzó la SMV. El maíz Tuxpeño C19 adaptado a Valles Altos registró el menor índice de flotación (41, siendo el más duro), mayor peso hectolítrico (75.5 kg hL-1) y mayor rendimiento de tortilla (1.42 kg kg-1 de grano), las cuales también fueron de textura más suave con respecto al testigo. El maíz del C19 podría representar una alternativa para los productores e industrias, ya que cuenta con las mejores características de calidad de grano para nixtamalización y tortilla.
TLAOLI PUMA, HÍBRIDO DE MAÍZ PARA GRANO Y FORRAJE CON ANDROESTERILIDAD Y RESTAURACIÓN DE LA FERTILIDAD MASCULINA
Authors: Tadeo-Robledo Margarita , Espinosa-Calderón Alejandro , Zaragoza-Esparza Job , López-López Consuelo , Canales-Islas Enrique I. , Zamudio-González Benjamín , Turrent-Fernández Antonio , Virgen-Vargas Juan , Sierra-Macías Mauro , Gómez-Montiel Noel O. , Mora-García Karina Y. , Andres-Meza Pablo , Cárdenas-Marcelo Alma L.
Published: August 2021

México importó 18 millones de toneladas de grano de maíz amarillo (Zea mays L.) en promedio los últimos años (González, 2020; Com. Pers.)1. En México, el maíz es el cultivo más importante por superficie sembrada (7.4 a 7.7 millones de hectáreas) y por consumo, de 200 kg por persona por año; ante este escenario, es imperativo lograr suficiencia y soberanía alimentaria en maíz (US Grains Council, 2020). Por lo anterior, es urgente incrementar la producción de grano, para lo cual se requieren variedades mejoradas públicas con buena productividad (Luna et al., 2012; Martínez-Gutiérrez et al., 2018; Tadeo-Robledo et al., 2016).