bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning and Computer Vision: Machine Learning Analysis and Image Processing of Puromycin Treated Microscopy
Authors: Owoeye Oluwatobi M. , Ojo-Omoniyi Olusola Abayomi
Published: October 2022

Digital image processing involves the usage of a functional algorithm to process images with special regions of interest. In most case scenarios, this is termed as an active aspect of digital signal processing; image processing comes with several rewards over analog image processing. Its relevance and application spans Autonomous Vehicles, Biometric fingerprint technologies as well as Face recognition applications. Reliable statistics through feature engineering from the image can be extracted and in turn serve as focus points of deep learning insights. Besides, its application in monitoring Climatic changes, Agricultural crop yields, security measures, industrial manufacturing as well as medical fields exponentially advances each day. Meanwhile, deep learning being a feature of Artificial Intelligence has brought forward several useful models that is being used as transfer base for further model accuracies and baselines. In this study, we make use of a certain Microscopy datasets, sampling one of the images for digital processing, in order to gain useful insights through Cropped Quantizing, Laplace Edge Detection and Gaussian noise with sigma methods respectively. The statistical results of the extracted image features through Support Vector Method (SVM) give accuracy of up to 75%.
Review on Dry Flower Arrangement and it’s Different Techniques
Authors: Ribhav Sanjula, , Vintha A. K. Abhangrao
Published: October 2022

Dry flowers relate to dried or dehydrated flowers or plant part or botanicals (roots, leaves, stem, bark, or whole plant) that can be used for ornamental purposes. Dried flowers are also known as everlasting flowers or dehydrated flowers. Since flowers and herbage consists of farther water, dehydration is necessary for getting dry flowers. Dehydration helps to maintain the original color and shape of flowers for long- term use with little care. The most area in floriculture is the dry flower sedulity. Dried flowers and shops have been exported for the last 40 years times and moment; India is one of the fostering countries in the field. Prospects of the dry flower sedulity are anticipated to contribute a lot to the country’s economy in comparison to the fresh cut flowers and other live shops. Dry flowers and plant paraphernalia have tremendous eventuality as backups for fresh flowers and herbage for interior decoration as well as for a variety of other aesthetic and marketable uses. In this review the erratic information and data on drying of named flowers on named drying styles are being collected which would be useful for further studies.
Survival Ability during Freeze-Drying and Subsequent Storage of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Fermented Cereal-Based Products
Authors: Assohoun Wilson L. A.
Published: October 2022

Freeze-drying is a commonly used drying technique for sensitive biologicals, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, The choice of an appropriate drying medium is important, so as to increase the survival rates during dehydration itself and subsequent storage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of different agents (skim milk, yeast extract, sucrose, trehalose and glucose) on the survival of five potential probiotic LAB originated from traditional fermented products. The strain survival during freeze-drying and after 180 days of storage at 4°C was determined. After drying, the residual water contentswere between 3.17 and 8.59%. The results evidenced that LAB resistance to freeze drying was dependent on both microorganism and lyoprotective agent used. According the obtained rate immediately after freeze-drying, the used protective agents played an important role in preserving the strains viability apart from glucose. Lactobacillus plantarum S32 obtained the best survival withrate greater than 85% for 4 protective agentswith an optimum value for trehalose (94,01%). Pedioccocus acidilactici strains also had good survival with these same protectants. Refrigerated storage made it possible to achieve dried cultures with high stability and long shelf-life.
Population Dynamics of Rice Bugs (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius, (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and Natural Enemies in the Reproductive Phase of Rice
Authors: Sudarma I Made , Darmiati Ni Nengah , Wa Ni , Suniti yan
Published: October 2022

The pest of rice bugs (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius) is very dangerous for rice plants, especially when the rice plants begin to have grain bodies, therefore monitoring is necessary at all times in the field. The population dynamics of the pest of stink bugs was highest during the third week of 2.78 and the lowest at the second and fifth weeks of 0.21 respectively. The intensity of the pest attack was the smallest during the third observation, which was 9% and the highest at the sixth observation reached 73%. The development of natural enemy populations in each observation seemed to dominate the ladybugs, the highest was achieved in week VIII as many as 35, with a total population of 74 individuals. Followed by 13 spiders, the highest at week V as many as 3 tails, then 6 butterflies and wasps each. The last dragonfly with a population of 4 tails. The correlation between insect pests (stink bugs), and natural enemies with temperature and humidity did not have a significant relationship. Only the intensity of pest attack with temperature had a significantly negative relationship, with the regression equation Y = 1.52 - 0.046 X1 (Y = intensity of pest attack of stink bugs, and X1 = temperature).
Effect of Herbicides Applied with and without Manures on Physical Soil Properties of Summer Pearl Millet
Authors: G Damor Vikas , P Bhuriya Kalpesh , Nagar Vishal , Kumawat Prabhu Dayal
Published: October 2022

The present investigation was undertaken to study the “Effect of herbicides applied with and without manures on physical soil properties of summer pearl millet crop” was carried out during summer season of the year 2011-12, at the AICRP on weed control farm, B. A. College of agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The water holding capacity of soil found the higher under the treatment of farm yard manure@ 10 t ha-1 (M1) fb vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1(M2). Water holding capacity of soil was through not significantly influenced by either application of FYM or vermicompost at 1 DAS and at harvest and application of herbicide was found to be non-significant with respect to soil WHC at one DAS as well as at harvest. Interaction effect of manures and herbicide with respect of WHC was found non-significant. Bulk density was found non- significant with application of manures and also with application of herbicide found non- significant. Interaction effect of with or without manures and herbicides treatments was found non-significant with respect to soil bulk density at one DAS as well as at harvest.
Studies of Different Methods on Drying of Flowers
Authors: Parmeet Manash , Abhangrao A. K. , Abhinav E. Mehta
Published: October 2022

During the year 2022, an experiment was conducted at the Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the dry flower quality. Natural materials such as dry flowers and their parts have become the most popular option of the public for interior décor in the current era of eco-consciousness. In comparison to fresh cut flowers and other living plants, the dry flower industry is predicted to contribute significantly to the country's economy in the future. The flowers were dried using a variety of methods. Flower colours have a considerable impact on the fresh and dried weight of flowers. Different colours and appearances of flowers, as well as the drying procedures utilised, resulted in significant variances. The scattered information and data on drying of flowers and other decorative plant parts is assembled in this review, which will be valuable for future research. This may eventually be useful in attracting the attention of researchers and scientists to work on it, in addition to the entrepreneurs who would immediately benefit from the knowledge review presented in this paper.
A Study on Brand Promotional Activities of Virtako Insecticide and Constrains in Marketing of Fungicides in Varanasi District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mukesh Kumar Maurya Prakhar Chaubey
Published: October 2022

The study entitled “A study on brand promotional activities of VIRTAKO company and constrains in marketing of fungicides in Varanasi District of Uttar Pradesh was conducted in the Agricultural year 2021-22. A total of 600 respondents were selected for the present study and various brand promotional tools were selected and with the help of pre structured interview schedules the respondents were asked about the reasons which influence them the most to choose Virtako over other fungicides. The Delphi Technique was employed to access the data related to the farmer’s preference about the promotional tools. Out of all the tools Farmer’s meeting was selected as the best promotional tool with 40% of the respondents selected this tool. The study also accessed the various constrains faced by the marketers in marketing of fungicide in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh. The major constrains that were encountered during the study were Lack of availability of market information at farm level, frequent price fluctuation, lack of storage facility, Knowledge of quality etc.
Detection of N-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases (3)-IIa and (6՝)-Ib Enzymes among Gram Negative Bacilli Causing Nosocomial Infections at Surgical ICU Units of Tanta University Hospital
Authors: Elmesiry Safaa Mohamed , Eshra Kareman Ahmed , Ezz Hoda Alsaid Ahmad , Talat Raghda Zakki , Hussein Mohamed Zakaria
Published: October 2022

Aminoglycosides resistance is a major problem because of their critical role in treating life threatening healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Therefore, this study aimed to detect aminoglycoside resistant gram-negative bacilli in different clinical isolates in Surgical ICUs of Tanta University Hospital. This study was carried out on 600 patients who had evidence of HCAIs. All specimens were cultured on nutrient, Blood, Mac-Conkey and CLED agars. Out of tested specimens 277 gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolates were identified by conventional methods of them 100 isolates confirmed by API 20E system and their aminoglycosides resistance was assessed by modified Kirby- Bauer method and E-test. AAC(3)-IIa, AAC(6՝)-Ib, APH(3′)-VI (APH A6), APH (3′)-I(APH A1), ANT (3”)-Ia (AAD A1) and Arm A genes were detected by conventional (PCR). (39%) of isolates were Acinetobacter baumanii, (28%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, (25%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (7%) Proteus mirabilis and (1%) Enterobacter cloacae. All isolates were MDR with 98% of isolates producing ESBL. Over all aminoglycosides resistance were (96%) to tobramycin, (90%) to gentamycin and (89%) to amikacin. AAC(3)-IIa, AAC(6՝)-Ib, APH A6, APH A1, AAD A1 and Arm A were detected in 22%,70%, 76%,,43%,18%, 43% of the isolates respectively.
Bacterial Isolates in Neonatal Sepsis and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Nicu, Government Medical College, Amritsar
Authors: Kanwardeep Singh Gurpreet Banga , Pushpa Devi Loveena Oberoi , Karnail Singh Shailpreet Sidhu
Published: October 2022

The blood infection occurring in less than 90 days old infants is known as neonatal sepsis. This retrospective study was conducted at Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. A total 330 blood samples were studied out of which 90.3% were culture positive showing the most common organism as Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), 25.5%.
Breeding Strategies for Historically Important Plant Pathogens -A Holistic Approach
Authors: Prasad Durga , Sharma Shashikant , Sheikh Ruhi , navi Vaish , Jee Anisha , Tiwari Jyotindra
Published: October 2022

Fungi, bacteria, mycoplasma, Spiroplasma, virus, viroid, phanerogamic plant parasites, and other macro pests are all agents, which lead to suffering of plants, this effects the tropic levels above producers who are feeding on them for survival. Science of pathology shouldn’t be confined to humans itself (I mean understanding human diseases), it’s equally important that the science of plant pathology must be given equal importance as medicine. We have seen many epiphytotic in past, Irish famine which led to death of approx 1 million people and migration of 1.5 million Irish, chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, lethal yellowing of coconut (in Caribbeans and south America), powdery mildew, downy mildew (Europe especially UK and France), rusts and etc. These incidents in past made us realize how important its to have concern towards crop protection orelse people die out of food or this may disturb ecology by eliminating a plant species which was about to happen in elm and chestnut. Hence its responsibility of plant pathologists to serve humanity the way doctors serve human health. Hence emerged methods to deal with plant pathogens and human being in course of history discovered different methods of controlling pathogens which include agronomic cultural methods, botanical sand etc. and then make chemical method as science advanced, chemistry revolutionized however chemicals were used in ancient antiquity i.e., Homer suggested use of Sulphur far back in 1000 BC and Tillet and Prevost suggested use of copper sulphate for smuts. However, after World War 2 the use of chemicals increased in accelerated rate. Apart from using chemicals (Sulphur for PM, Bordeaux mixture for DM, Copper Sulphate for Smut – which were using in past in history). Keeping all these apart, in 19th century ending till 20th century middle emergence of science of genetics and improvements in plant breeding gave us new technology to make disease resistant plants. And in 20th century ending, improvements in biotechnology, and coming together of plant breeding and biotechnology enabled us further to make disease resistant plants easily. The 5th generation breeding which includes markers and biotechnology as enabled us in pyramiding genes, MABC enabled us to transfer genes governing biotic stress resistance from wild plants into agronomically desirable cultivated plants (introgression), the best classic example being transfer of Xa21, xa5 and xa13 genes into Pusa Basmati – 1 making it Improved Pusa Basmati – 1. Even the conventional breeding methods are still in major use to develop disease resistance plants i.e., selection, introduction, hybridization and etc. The review article is made in very holistic manner which includes all major historic important pathogens and breeding strategies employed to improve them and it includes rusts, Panama wilt, Coffee rust, bacterial blight of rice and etc.
An Evaluation of the Physicochemical Quality of Lobia Creek in the Niger Delta
Authors: Flora Iyeritei , Omokaro Obire, , Douglas S. I.
Published: October 2022

The physicochemical properties of water play a major role in evaluating water quality and could serve as a tool to determine the impact of human activities on the water body. Water samples were collected from four different stations with human activities (Abattoir, toilet, jetty, and drinking water points) along Lobia creek and from the fifth station without any human activity which served as a control. The impact of human activities on the physicochemical characteristics of Lobia creek was investigated and determined using the APHA method. Results showed that the temperature of the water samples ranged from 27.20±1.13 to 27.35±0.92ºC with the abattoir station recording the highest value while the control had the least temperature value. The pH values ranged from 6.80±0.52 to 7.23±0.95. The control had the highest while the toilet and jetty stations recorded the least pH value. Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 6300±1.41 to 16100±8.69µs/cm and Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 3905±70.4 to 11075±7.69mg/L. The jetty station recorded the highest TDS while the drinking water station had the least. The salinity ranged from 0.03±0.04 to 0.16±0.15mg/L. The turbidity values ranged from 0.30±0.12 to 0.69±0.001 NTU. Chlorine and Bromine values recorded were<0.001mg/L in all stations. DO values ranged from 1.30±0.42 to 2.30±0.98mg/L. The jetty had the highest DO compared to all other stations. TheBOD5 ranged from 0.85±0.07 to 1.90±0.56mg/L. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ranged from 0.49±0.36 to 0.82±0.19 mg/L and the toilet station had the highest value. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the temperature, pH, salinity, chlorine, bromine, EC, and BOD values across the five stations of the Lobia Creek. While there were significant differences (P≤0.05) in the values of TDS and turbidity across the five stations of the Lobia Creek. The correlation results revealed that Temperature, Salinity, and DO were significantly correlated with pH, EC, and TDS, while the total and feacal coliforms showed a negative significant correlation with turbidity. The variation in the values of the physicochemical parameters is attributed to the different anthropogenic activities in each station. Generally, water samples of the drinking water station and the Control station were of better quality than the other stations. This showed that human activities have an impact on the water quality of Lobia creek. Based on the findings, the Lobia creek water is not fit for drinking and for other purposes for which it is currently being used. Proper treatment of the water before use and proper treatment of waste before disposal is therefore advocated to avoid public health hazards in the Lobia community.
Sorption of Cadmium Ions Using Inactive Biomass of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis Consortium from the Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ponia Vinamrata , Kumar Harsh , Ishtiyaq Shumailah , Goswami Ravindra , Bhadauria Seema
Published: October 2022

Aquatic environment contamination with a high concentration of noxious heavy metals rises as an alarming condition and arises as a severe threat to all living organisms. Consequently, there is an urgent need to focus on advanced approaches for the remediation of aquatic systems. The present study aims to test the capacity of consortium biomass of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for the sorption of cadmium ions from the polluted aqueous media. The optimum environment for the maximum sorption (84.22 %) of Cd was achieved after 80 minutes of time interval at pH 6, biomass 0.2 g and 20 mg/L of cadmium metal concentration. The adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm for cadmium adsorption (R2= 0.9956) than the Freundlich isotherm (R2= 0.9772), though the rate kinetics data were calculated by pseudo irst and second order models. The highest adsorption capability attained by consortium biomass for Cd ions was found about 55.86 mg/g. Thus, the present work implied that consortium biomass of Pseudomonas fluorescens andBacillus subtilis could be utilized as an efficient biosorbent for eliminating cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.
The Evaluation of Breeding Resistance against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer Infestation
Authors: Kumar Raja , Veerendra D. Raghu , Oryakhial Mohammad Yousuf
Published: October 2022

Brinjal is the important crop of all the solanaceous crops in the vegetable crops. BRINJAL is also known as Eggplant / Aubergine. Brinjal is cultivated at larger scale in India and they produce high quality vegetable crops under protected cultivation. Brinjal is highly demand in market value followed with other crops suchas tomato, onion, potato etc. The major problem in Brinjal that is the pest incidence by Brinjal shoot and fruit borer. The pest incidence is in which the pests feed on the particular crop,, leading to severe damage and yield loss is being occurred. When the crop have reached the economic threshold level at high level of incidence, the crop can be damaged. In brinjal, brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis green) is the serious and notorious pests in the brinjal Cultivation. This pest incidence is found mostly in shoot and fruit parts of the brinjal crop. The damage incidence mostly happens in fruiting stage of brinjal and most of the Pests feed on fruits, particularly seen in most of the horticultural crops. In incidence of BFSB, it accounts 85% yield loss should be estimated at brinjal growing countries particularly in Asian countries and it’s marketing value also losses. In recent years, the researchers, scientists are developing their own new various strategies and experiments for tackling this kind of incidence; I have generated my idea by the help of studying various strategies which are done by experts and researchers. Breeding resistance is a great strategy for the researchers and scientists for developing the resistance of crops by transfer of the resistant trait from other crop containing resistant gene. By the end of this review, it is discussed about understanding the performance of breeding resistance through various approaches.
Varying Morphology of E.coli - an Experimental Study
Authors: Sari S.
Published: October 2022

Escherichia coli is a Gram negative facultative anerobe which is rod shaped and found in the gut of warm blooded animals. Since this rod shaped bacteria showed varying morphology in different environmental conditions, an experimental study was conducted to find out the changes in the morphology of the bacteria in different culture media. E.coli was seen as typical, uniformly stained long gram negative rods only when it was cultured on MacConkey agar
Algal Strain Improvement by Chemical Mutagenesis of Microalga AMS16 A Strain of Thraustochytrid Alga Schizochytrium limacinum
Authors: Bhaskar Sailendra , Kathiravan Krishnan , Ratha Sachitra Kumar
Published: October 2022

Random mutagenesis has for long been used as a tool to genetically modify organisms for various purposes, such as increasing biomass yield or yield of specific biomolecules or improved adaptation to cultivation conditions. Random mutagenesis is especially attractive for systems where it is not obvious which genes require modification and has been extensively used to beneficially modify crop plants. However, even with the renewed interest in microalgae for biofuel applications, there is relatively little current research available on the application of random mutagenesis in microalgae. In this research project we used the chemical mutagen NTG - N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the medium that the thraustochytrid alga Schizochytrium limacinum was grown and algae that survived the mutagenesis were cultured and analysed for lipid production. One mutagenic strain of the alga was found to grow well and produced 30% more lipid than the control which was not exposed to NTG. This proves that random mutagenesis can be an important tool in the hands of algal scientists who are looking to improve productivity of biomolecules in specific algae.
Biosynthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Green Silver Nanoparticles against Amrasca devastans (Dist.) (Cicadellidae: Homoptera)
Authors: Anees M. , Patil S. B.
Published: October 2022

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plant-based sources has been proven to be cost efficient and eco-friendly. Due to its miniature size, nanoparticles have a higher surface area to volume proportion, which is very important for its insecticidal potentiality. Hence nanoparticles could be used as an important tool for pest management. The main objective of this study was to provide a better management strategy through analysing, evaluating and proving the bioefficacy of Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata silver nanoparticles against 1st nymphal instars of A. devastans under laboratory conditions. Silver green nanoparticles were synthesized biologically from leaf extracts of A. indica and P. pinnata by Sunlight mediated exposure method and studied its bio efficacy on A. devastans. Characterization of the nanoparticles were done by UV-Visible spectroscopy for confirming the formation of nanoparticles and Particle Size Analyser (PSA) for determining size and distribution of particles. Surface Electron Microscope (SEM) was used for determining the surface topography of nanoparticles. The results obtained from Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) showed that A. indica and P. pinnata based AgNo3 nanoparticles had an average diameter of 61.70 nm and 68.80 respectively. Even though both A. indica and P. pinnata based silver nanoparticles caused cent per cent nymphal mortality at 2000 ppm, A. indica based nanoparticles were found to be comparatively more efficient and having higher insecticidal activity against A. devastans at lower concentrations. Nymphal mortality was found to be positively correlated with increase in concentration of nanoparticles. Symptoms caused by silver nanoparticles were dehydration, inactiveness, brittleness etc.
Prolonged Use of Herbicides Increased the Resistance of Soil Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria and Fungi to Antibiotics
Authors: Oluyemi Bello Marcus
Published: October 2022

Increase in the use of herbicides in agricultural soil can cause multiple antibiotic resistance in potential pathogens that can undermine antibiotic therapy. The study shows the antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and fungi isolated from soils polluted with different herbicides. A total of sixteen (16) bacterial and twenty-three (23) fungal isolates from herbicides polluted soils were subjected to different antimicrobial sensitivity test (AST) using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Both Gram positive and Gram-negative antibacterial agents were used for the sensitivity test of bacteria, and a four of antifungal agents were used for the sensitivity test of fungi. The result showed that resistance to antimicrobial agents were higher in soils polluted with herbicides especially where two different herbicides (paraquat and glyphosate) were combined compared to the control soil without history of herbicides usage.This work demonstrates that prolonged usage of herbicides increased the rate at which aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in soil acquire antibiotic resistance.
Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on Summer Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) under South Gujarat Condition
Authors: Thummar Priyanka , Patel H. H. , Chaudhry K. M.
Published: October 2022

A field experiment entitled “Effect of nitrogen and zinc on summer cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) under south Gujarat condition” was carried out during summer 2019 at College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat). The experiment comprising sixteen (16) treatment combinations were laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept in three replications. The treatment consisted combinations of 4 level of zinc viz., Zn0: 0 kg Zn/ha, Zn1: 2.5 kg Zn/ha, Zn2: 5.0 kg Zn/ha and Zn3: 7.5 kg Zn/ha and 4 level of nitrogen viz., N0: 0 kg N/ha, N1: 10 kg N/ha, N2: 20 kg N/ha and N2: 30 kg N/ha. An application of different levels of zinc significantly increased number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, protein content, nutrient content in seed and stover, seed and stover yield of cowpea. Similarly, plant height, number of branches/plant, protein content, nutrient content of seed and stover, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, seed yield and stover yield were significantly increased with increasing levels of nitrogen. While, 1000 seed weight and harvest index were not significantly influenced by different levels of zinc and nitrogen. There was no significant effect of interaction between different levels of zinc and nitrogen on growth and yield attributes, yield, protein content and nutrient content in seed and stover of cowpea.
Bio-Preservation and the Food Industry: An Overview
Authors: Oladipo Iyabo Christianah , Ogunsona S. B.
Published: October 2022

The unending needs and demands for chemical free preservatives in food industry are on the increase due to the facts that diseases like cancer and complications from oxidative stress have been linked to the xenobiotics we eat in foods as preservatives. There is need for safe means of preserving our foods without side effects and that is why the world needs bio-preservative in all forms to augment both the nutritional properties and shelf life of food products. Bio-preservatives like bacteriocins produced from organisms with GRAS status, essential oils, vinegar, herbs/spices and sugar/salt reviewed in this work have shown credible antimicrobial properties against spoilage/food borne pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms thus served as good bio-preservative agents suitable for a dispensation yearning for green solution areas of food improvement and preservation. This review provides an overview of the importance of bio-preservatives in food safety and nutritional augmentation needed in food industry as a whole.
Trend and Pattern of Rural-Urban Migration in India
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Singh Abhishek , Tripathi Vinod Kumar , Mishra Girish Chandra
Published: October 2022

The study of internal migration has always fascinated demographers. Rural –Urban migration is an important factor that influences socio-economic development in developing countries. The present study is based on the census data to know the trend and pattern of internal migration as well as the rural-urban migration stream. As per 2011 census, around 450 million (37.2 percent) of population is classified as migrants in India. Finding shows that in 2011, the percentage of the in-migrants to the total population in three states Maharashtra, Delhi and West Bengal accounting about 44% of the total inter-state migrants in the country. The above mentioned three states were at top in 2001 census also with 39.5 % share of the total migrants in the country. Rural to rural migrations have the dominant stream among all the states. In this stream female are more mobile than male. Indian agricultural economy is reflected by this stream.
Growth and Development of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under Foliar Application of Amrut jal as an Organic Source of Nutrient
Authors: Malviya Archit
Published: October 2022

An experiment was conducted in Indore, MP to study the influence of a liquid organic manure viz., Amrut jal on the growth and yield of tomato during rabi season of 2021-22. The experiment was designed considering 2 treatments, viz., T1: standard procedure (control); and T2: Amrut jal (1%). Different growth and yield attributes of the crop were highly influenced by different organic treatments. In this context, T2 : Amrut jal (1%) emerged as an effective treatment with the higher tomato fruit yield of 14.30 fruits per plant and fruit weight difference of 34.42 g/plant. However, under the exposures of organically designed treatment settings, few growth contributing parameters performed poorly, and some even decreased in length.
The Negative Impact of Stigma Perceived by Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): An Integrative Review
Authors: Ferreira Carneiro Alexandre Mansue , Rodrigues Yan Correa , Gomes Jocileide de Sousa , Costa Lima Luana Nepomuceno Godim , Batista Lima Karla Valéria , Dolabela Maria Fani
Published: October 2022

The stigma perceived by men who have sex with men (MSM) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) may negatively impact their physical and mental well-being, testing and healthcare seeking, adherence to treatment and social insertion of individuals. In the present review, stigma-related aspects on MSM behavior and perceptions on HIV/AIDS are discussed. An integrative literature review was performed, including experimental and non-experimental studies. The presence of stigma and discrimination against MSM and PLHIV still remains, especially in association with HIV infection and ethnic aspects. Identifying the impact of stigma on infection dynamics and mental health of individuals remains necessary and urgent.
Role of Rainfall Simulators in the Study of Soil and Water Dynamics - A Review
Authors: Dipika Bordoloi Manas Jyoti Bharali , Vivek Deka Kuldeep Deka
Published: October 2022

Rainfall simulation technique is used worldwide to identify and assess the nature and pattern of rainfall occurring in any particular area and its impact on the soil taking into consideration the various climatic and topographical factors. Whenever rainfall occurs heavily, it generates some unwanted physiographical processes such as high run-off, flood, soil erosion of different forms, landslides, etc. thereby redistributing the soil far from its original placement and sometimes rearranging the land topography to a large extent. Due to occurrence of flood, crops in agricultural fields get damaged and also quality of soil deteriorates resulting in incapability to produce crop in the future, to its full potential. Hence for evaluating the influence of rainfall on soil and water dynamics under varied conditions of land slope, rainfall intensities, soil types, soil infiltration rates, rainfall simulators of different types depending upon the need, are being considered as the best solution in the present day scenario. Rainfall simulators are generally laboratory based models which duplicate natural rainfalls and are designed considering various parameters as and when required. In the present paper, a number of important literatures on the role of rainfall simulators in identification and mitigation of rainfall created problems in various sectors concerning humans, such as soil erosion in agricultural fields, floods causing landslides, etc. have been collected and studied in depth for better understanding of those simulators of different types, based on the need and area of study by taking into account the various parameters concerning their studies.
Soil Nutrient Status of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as Influenced by Potassium and Zinc Application in Vertisol
Authors: V. D. Patil G. C. Kakde , Shilewant S. S.
Published: October 2022

A field experiment was planned and conducted during Rabi 2012-13 to evaluate the “Soil nutrient status of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as influenced by potassium and zinc application in Vertisol”. The field experiment was conducted at the Departmental Research Farm of Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. There were eight treatments comprising of K levels and zinc viz ; T1- Absolute control, T2- Only RDF through soil (25:50:0 NPK kg ha-1).T3 –RDF + 15 kg K2O ha-1,T4- RDF + 30 kg K2O ha-1, T5- RDF+45 kg K2O ha-1, T6- RDF+15 kg K2O ha-1+25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, T7- RDF + 30 kg K2O ha-1 + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, T8- RDF + 45 kg K2O ha-1 + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1.The results indicated that application of RDF+15or30 kg K2O ha-1+25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1. Available N and P status at various growth stages of chickpea found to be increased up to pod development stage and thereafter N and P available status was decreased. While, potassium availability was decreased from flowering to harvesting stage, where as sulfur availability was increased till harvesting. In respect of micronutrients, no specific trend was noted. However, the application of zinc to chickpea maintained the higher Zn availability throughout the crop growth.
Screening of Aspergillus species for the Production of α-Amylase
Authors: Sagar Kavitha , Vidyasagar G. M.
Published: October 2022

Eight species were isolated from soil samples collected from different places of Kalaburagi city, Karnataka, India and identified as Aspergillus terreus, A. ochraceus, A. ornatus, A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. flavus (I) and Aspergillus sps. for the production of α- and β- amylase at four different time intervals i.e., 96h, 120h, 144h and 168h. Highest activity for enzyme was observed in presence of A. flavus continuously after 96h, 120h and 144h of incubation. β- amylase was maximum produced by A. ornatus and A. flavus after 120h of incubation. Of eight Aspergillus sps, Aspergillus ornatus and A. flavus were selected after screening for the production of α- and β- amylase. Four different concentrations i.e. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 % of carbon sources viz., glucose, sucrose, lactose and maltose were used as supplements to check their effect on enzyme production. Considerable α-amylase was produced by A. ornatus at 2.0% after 144h of incubation in the presence of glucose and β- amylase was produced at 144h in the presence of lactose. Maximum α-amylase was produced by A. flavus (1.769 U/ml) in the presence of lactose at 2.0% concentration after 144h of incubation. Effect of various nitrogen sources were tested for production of α-amylase, of which Ammonium sulphate (1.0%) was found to be effective for α-amylase production by A. ornatus (3.559 U/ml) at 144h of incubation and Casein hydrolase (2.0%) was effective at 168h by A. flavus (3.663 U/ml). A. ornatus and A. flavus can be further investigated for bulk production of α- and β- amylase.
Nonlinear Modeling of RC Substandard Beam-Column Joints for Building Response Analysis in Support of Seismic Risk Assessment and Loss Estimation
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Rizwan Muhammad , Ilyas Babar , Hussain Seda , Khan Muhammad Usman , Shakeel Hamna , Ahmad Muhammad Ejaz
Published: October 2022

The paper discusses how joint damage and deterioration affect the seismic response of existing reinforced concrete frames with sub-standard beam-column joints. The available simplified modeling techniques are critically reviewed to propose a robust, yet computationally efficient technique for simulating the nonlinear behavior of substandard beam-column joints. Improvements over the existing models include simulation of the cyclic deterioration of joint stiffness and strength as well as pinching in the hysteretic response, implemented considering a deteriorating hysteretic rule. A fibre-section forced-based inelastic beam-column element is developed; considering improved material models and fixed-end rotation due to bond failure, rebars-slip and inelastic extension, to simulate the deteriorating cyclic behavior of existing pre-cracked beam-column members. For the assessment of frames with substandard exterior beam-column joints, a nonlinear model for the exterior joint is developed and validated through a full-scale quasi-static cyclic test performed on a substandard T-joint connection. The proposed model allows considering structural performance in risk assessment while accounting for true inelastic mechanisms at the joints.
The Value of Character Education in Denias Senandung Film Above the Clouds and Its Relevance for MI-Age Children
Authors: Mizan Ziyadatur Rohmah , Nisak Nur Maslikhatun Nisak
Published: October 2022

This research method uses content analysis method. In this method, the researcher uses it with the aim of re-explaining the value of character education in the film Denias Senandung di Atas Awan. In accordance with the research that has been done, conclusions are obtained. First, the film Denias Senandung above the Clouds has at least 11 characters that can be imitated. Religious, disciplined, hard working, honest, independent, curious, friendly/communicative, appreciative of achievement, peace-loving, socially caring, and responsible. Second, the relevance of the value of character education in the film Denias Senanadung di Atas Awan will be very good if it is taught and applied to MI-age children in their daily activities. Due to the many teachings, wisdom, messages as well as important lessons that are able to educate in this film. Judging from its development, MI-age children will very quickly imitate what they see, so watching the film Denias Senanadung di Atas Awan in the hope that it will instill positive lessons in children.

Highlights:

Content analysis reveals 11 imitable character traits in the film Denias Senandung di Atas Awan: religious, disciplined, hardworking, honest, independent, curious, friendly/communicative, appreciative of achievement, peace-loving, socially caring, and responsible.

The value of character education in the film is highly relevant for MI-age children, as it offers numerous teachings, wisdom, messages, and important lessons that can be applied to their daily activities.

Watching Denias Senandung di Atas Awan can quickly influence MI-age children to imitate positive behaviors, making it a valuable tool for instilling positive lessons and values in them

Keywords: content analysis, character education, Denias Senandung di Atas Awan, film, MI-age children.
The Effect of Experimental Methods on Student Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects Material Changes in Energy at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Matroji Riza Dia Utari , Rindaningsih Ida
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the impact of an experimental method on student learning outcomes in science lessons focusing on energy change at MI Ma'arif Sentul. Using a quantitative experimental approach, the research demonstrates that the experimental method significantly enhances student learning outcomes. The findings indicate increased engagement and enthusiasm, making the learning process more enjoyable and preventing monotony. The experimental method influences student learning outcomes by approximately 26.6%, as measured by the N-Gain test. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of the experimental method in improving science education.

Highlights:

Experimental method enhances learning outcomes: The study demonstrates that the experimental method employed in science lessons on energy change at MI Ma'arif Sentul positively influences student learning outcomes.

Increased engagement and enthusiasm: The use of the experimental method makes the learning process more enjoyable and prevents monotony, leading to improved student engagement and enthusiasm for learning.

Significant effect and moderate impact: The experimental method has a statistically significant effect on student learning outcomes, as evidenced by the t-test results. Moreover, the N-Gain test shows a moderate impact of approximately 26.6% on learning outcomes

Keywords: experimental method, learning outcomes, energy change, science lessons, students.
Implementation of E-Learning Learning to Improve Student Achievement in Elementary Schools
Authors: Arofah Siti , Nurdyansyah Nurdyansyah
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the implementation of e-learning could improve student achievement in SD Muhammadiyah 2 Tulangan. This study uses descriptive qualitative research so that it can describe information data in accordance with facts with methods that can describe and provide an overview. The technique used in the study was all third grade students. From the research results obtained academic and non-academic assessments, using e-learning learning can improve student achievement. The results of the study indicate that e-learning can encourage student achievement.

Highlights:

The study aimed to determine the impact of e-learning on student achievement.

Descriptive qualitative research was employed to provide an overview of the data.

The results indicated that e-learning positively influenced student achievement.

Keywords: e-learning, student achievement, descriptive qualitative research, academic, non-academic assessments.
Effectiveness of Teacher Learning Devices on Concept Attainment Model Learning
Authors: Pranoto Iwan , Efendi Nur
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the learning tools used by teachers in learning the Concept Attainment Model in Class V SDI Raudlatul Jannah. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were the principal, class teacher, and students of V B SDI Raudlatul Jannah. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the class V B teachers have carried out science learning on water cycle materials using CAM (Concept Attainment Model) oriented learning tools. The benefits of implementing learning with the Concept Attainment Model are that students play an active role in learning so that they can obtain information based on their experiences. Assessment techniques used by teachers are written tests, group work and assignments.

Highlights:

The effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Concept Attainment Model in teaching science, specifically the water cycle, to fifth-grade students.

Learning tools and techniques: The research highlights the use of learning tools, such as observation, interviews, and documentation, along with assessment techniques like written tests, group work, and assignments.

Active role of students: The Concept Attainment Model promotes active learning, allowing students to actively engage in the learning process and acquire knowledge based on their experiences.

Keywords: Concept Attainment Model, Learning Tools, SDI Raudlatul Jannah, Active Learning, Assessment Techniques
Journal Analysis Study of Students' Independent Character Implementation in Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yanti Tri Indah , Amrullah Muhlasin
Published: October 2022

The problem in this study is that the level of learning independence in students has begun to decrease as a result of online learning during the Covid-19 virus outbreak. This study aims to analyze the implementation of students' independent characters in online learning during the covid-19 pandemic. The subjects of this study were students, teachers, and parents. The data analysis technique used is the Mustika zed model. This research is a library research research method with a literature review type of research. Literature review is a research method that results from reviewing several journals taken from Google Scholar. The results of this study are to determine the implementation of independent character in online learning while at home and the teacher provides habituation materials that are expected to change student behavior. With the implementation of online learning, students eliminate good habits that are carried out at school. When learning online at home, students need assistance from their parents or relatives to complete the tasks given by the teacher. Parents, teachers, and students have also experienced various impacts caused by online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of this independent character can be applied to low-grade and high-grade students. The preparation of material about independent character can be done in learning planning. The material applied in the implementation of this independent character is through habituation material
Analysis of the Audience's Reception on Creativity in the 5 Minute Craft Channel on Youtube
Authors: Hidayat Ridwan , Aesthetika Nur Maghfirah
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe and explain how the use of audience reception analysis on creativity in the 5 minute craft channel on YouTube. This research is motivated by events whether this channel has no effect on the audience and whether these viewers immediately practice it or not after watching this 5 minute craft youtube channel. This research method uses qualitative. The technique of determining informants uses interview techniques. The results of the interviews that I got were from the viewers I interviewed offline (via WhatsApp), which had various responses. It was concluded that most of the large community was in the dominant hegemonic position, judging that this 5-minute craft youtube channel was very useful for the audience. The negotiating position, as stated by the informant, requires verbal advice not only to practice it so that what is conveyed by the 5-minute craft is clearer. While oppositional, the audience rejects that the audience only enjoys watching it and has difficulty practicing it. The results of these discussions in this case the YouTube mass media are very influential on the audience.