bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune response study of salmonella mbandaka isolated from human in (balb/c) mice
Authors: Afaf Abdul Rahman Yousif  , Zinah Shakir Shallal
Published: January 2024

The bases of this study is to evaluate the immune response to experimental infection of (BALB/c) mice by Salmonella Mbandaka . The experiment was carried out on one hundred mice of both genders with age range (6 – 8) weeks old, the mice were divided randomly into two groups (group A: includes 50 mice were given orally on infective dose (1.3×107C.F.U\ml) ,group B: includes 50 mice which inoculated orally with 1 ml of phosphate buffer saline (pH=7.2) and considers as control group).The study has showed that the experimentally infected mice (group A) are able to induce humoral and cellular immune response . The humoral immune response was detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay post induced infection in mice with infected dose. Maximum titers of ( IgG ) antibodies reached of (211.13) at four weeks , slight reduction at six weeks , reached a mean (179.41 ± 29.47), while in the eight weeks after infection, there was a reduction in the(IgG) titers to reach a mean (58.83 ± 34.56). While group B showed the normal range of IgG titer (20.22 ± 1.11 , 20.79 ±1.71 , 19.81 ± 0.88, 20.22 ± 1.11 , 20.97 ± 0.57 ) at zero time , 2 ,4 , 6 ,8 weeks respectively . The cellular immune response was detected by using the skin test mean thickness of the right foot pad was (2.85±0.06) millimeter after 24 hours, then increased to reach (3.69 ±0.07) mm after 48 hours , then declined to reach (2.71±0.09)mm after 72 hours in mice infected by infective dose. This study concluded that Salmonella Mbandaka infection of the host was able to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, and these responses are dose dependent.
Study on physical properties of nanostructured ZnO prepared by pulse laser deposition
Authors: Raied K. Jamal  , Mohammed A. Hameed  , Kadhim A. Adem
Published: January 2024

Zinc Oxide thin film of 2 μm thickness has been grown on glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique at substrate temperature of 500 oC under the vacuum pressure of 8×10-2 mbar. The optical properties concerning the absorption, and transmission spectra were studied for the prepared thin film. From the transmission spectra, the optical gap and linear refractive index of the ZnO thin film was determined. The structure of the ZnO thin film was tested with X-Ray diffraction and it was formed to be a polycrystalline with many peaks.
Effect of Algae Chlorella extracts for treatment of intestinal tissues of mice infected with Cryptosporidium spp.
Authors: Russl Jalil Kazem El-Heluo  , May Naji Al-Khanaq  , Wassan Hamza Mazal
Published: January 2024

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite of medical importance that causes gastroenteritis in a variety of vertebrate hosts, so the study was conducted to evaluate the anti-cryptosporidiosis efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous Chlorella algae extracts in comparison with Azithromycin in the intestines of infected mice. Fecal samples were collected from patients at Al-Kut Hospital suffering from diarrhea in the period December 2021 to end of March 2022, and 90 microscopic samples of both sexes were examined using a modified Ziell-Nelson stain to detect oocysts infected with the parasite. Isolation and flotation purification with Sheather's sugar solution and preservation in potassium dichromate for the purpose of infection in mice. The Experimental study was on groups of 57 mice by dealing with oral parasite oral oocysts within 104 oocyst/ ml except for the negative group addressed by a fishery saline solution. To strict injury, the detailed mice has been examined with microscopic parasites using Ziehl-Nelson Stain, and molecular screening was performed using Multiplex PCR technology. After the mice were divided into five groups with the uninfected and untreated group kept as a healthy negative control. The first group which included 21 mice was treated after it was divided into three subgroups A, B, C for each secondary group 7 mice they were treated with alcoholic extract of Chlorella at different concentrations 50, 100, 150 mg/ml on the respectively, while the second group which included 21 mice on three groups A, B, and C was treated with aqueous extract of Chlorella at the previous concentrations for three consecutive days for each concentration. The third group was treated with azithromycin at a concentration of 500 ml, and the positive control group remained infected with the parasite and was not treated. After treatment a microscopic examination was performed by evaluating the excretion average of parasite oocysts using a hematocytometer slide. The results of histological examination showed that treatment with alcoholic and aqueous Chlorella algae extracts led to remarkable repair and regeneration with restructuring in all sections of the small intestine infected with Cryptosporidium spp. parasite to varying degrees according to the concentrations used. Whereas the groups treated with Chlorella algae extracts showed epithelial layers renewed with the formation of non-enlarged cells and less edema, in addition less infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the submucosal layer. There was a slight inflammation in the tissues of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum with a clear decrease in inflation and the degree of inflammation as well as less severe lesions in the intestinal tissues treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract of Chlorella algae in the highest concentrations with complete disappearance of parasite oocysts.Key words: Intestine, Cryptosporidium spp., Chlorella
Spectral method for solving fractal fractional differential equations
Authors: Basim N. Abood  , Shaima K. Alaiwi
Published: January 2024

Lately introduced fractal fractional Caputo - Fabrizio operator. By substituting the single kernel at the classic derivative of fractal fractional Caputo with the ordinary kernel This modern operator was derived. We introduce some beneficial characteristics relied on the qualifier of fractal fractional Caputo - Fabrizio. Here, we extend Caputo-Fabrizio for nonlinear fractal fractional differential equations. We apply Legendre operational matrix relied on this modern operator and then, we employ it to solve the differential equations determined in the sense of fractal fractional Caputo-Fabrizio. To show the simplicity and precision of the suggested technicality Some numerical examples are given.
Epidemiological study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in IRAQ –WASSIT
Authors: Rabeea Abdulkareem Aakool
Published: January 2024

This investigation has been carried out at Wassit region and by association with Wassit health directorate during 2006, the recorded cases has been taken from all parts of Wassit province. However the diagnosis depended on clinical symptoms and laboratory test by aspirate a little mount of infected liquid from skin lesion to prepare stained slide by giemza stain . The result of this investigation shows variants in disease epidemically from region to another where reservoir host and female of sandfly genus phlobotomus and in2 particularly the species phlebotomus sergenti distributed which serve as vector. The peak of infected cases appeared in Al-Sewearha city (90 case) and minimum in Badra city (one case) ,and the number of infected in the other cities ranged (51, 18, 12, 6, in Al-Azezya Al-Nuemanaaya, Al-Hay Al-Kut ) respectively. Cutaneous leishmaniasis restricted by host age and maximum range of infection (63 case) in age more than (15 years) and minimum in age less than one years of age (12 case) and other cases ranged between them. Host sex influence in susceptibility to infection , the number of infected cases in male (94 cases) and (84 cases ) in female , that indicates the male more susceptible to infection than female.
Tetanus: an unusual case associated with Tongue laceration
Authors: Muhsan Thaer H.
Published: January 2024

A case of tetanus is described in a 43 years old Male, The initial presentation was Trismus and dysphagia following a tongue laceration by grossly carious tooth .Subsequently he developed muscular spasm which led to the diagnosis of tetanus. This paper discusses the general management of tetanus
New Benzimidazoles Bearin 2-Pyrazoline Moiety: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Ammar Ferman Abbood  , Ahmed M. Abdula  , Younis Baqi
Published: January 2024

A new series of 5-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl] derivatives (1-9) were synthesized and characterized using spectral analysis. The first step includes the reaction of benzimidazole-2-carboxaldehyde with the o,p-aminoacetophenone to obtain the chalcone derivative (1, 2). The cyclization reaction of chalcone by the hydrazine hydrate afforded compound (3, 4), which represents the starting material for Schiff base derivatives. New Schiff bases (5-6) were synthesized from the reaction of benzimidazole derivative (2) with the corresponding benzaldehydes. The azetidin-2-one (7) and 1,3-oxazepane-4,7-dione derivatives (8-9) were synthesized from the corresponding aldehyde with chloroacetyl chloride and appropriate anhydride as depicted in the experimental section. All the derivatives were in vitro screened against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. (Gram negative), Staphylococcus aureus, S.espidermi (Gram positive) as well as Candida albicans and found to exhibit moderate to potent activity.
Comparison between breastfeeding and artificial feeding among infants with acute gastroenteritis in Al-Azizyia General Hospital
Authors: Mohannad Kadhim Mohammed Ali
Published: January 2024

A cross-sectional study was performed in Al-Azizyia general hospital in Wasit province for a sample of one hundred ten cases which was conveniently collected from the words and the outpatient clinic throughout July, August, and September 2020. All mothers were chosen and aged from 18 to 41 years old. 110 cases of infants of both sexes were included, their ages range from 1 to 12 months. By using the questionnaire data concerning, acute gastroenteritis, age of the infants, the sex of the infant, residency, type of feeding, level of education of mother, mother age, the job of father, and the job of mother. We found that 85 (77.2 %) of the collected sample were found to be non-beast-fed infants, while the rest of the sample 25 (22.7 %), breast-fed infants. Most of our patients were from rural areas 60(54.5 %) and the rest from urban areas 50 (45.4 %). Most of our patients were male 71 (64.5 %) and the rest were females (35.5 %). The infants below six months of age 61 (55.4 %) are more than those above six months 49 (44.5 %). The age of mothers between 20, and 30 years old 73 (66.36 %) is more than that of mothers aged above 30 to 37 years (25.45 %) which is more than that of mothers aged below 20 to 9 (8.18 %). Most of the mothers were housewives 105 (95.4 %) and the rest were workers 5 (4.6 %). Most of the fathers were unemployed 87 (79.1 %) and the rest were employed 23 (20.9 %). Mothers with a primary level of education are 80 (72.7 % are more than the mothers with a secondary level 24 (21.8 %) which is more than those with a higher level 6 (5.4 %).
The effect of thermal neutrons on samples of human blood
Authors: Mohammed K. Alfakhar
Published: January 2024

Radiation can be either useful or harmful when human exposed to any kind of radiations. The effects of radiations on human blood samples were tested. In this study, blood was irradiated with Ra-Be (α, n) thermal neutron source. The effects on the components of blood (Red blood corpuscles, white blood cells, and hemoglobin concentration) examined and recorded. The work undertaken focuses on the analysis of the blood sample after they had been irradiated. Four cc (4cc) blood samples were gathered from 8 different volunteers (4 males and 4 females). After that each samples was divided into two equal parts (1cc each) and placed in different polyethylene tubes, with the first to be used as a standard. The other sample were irradiated also for six hour using thermal neutron source Ra-Be (α,n). Afterward, new samples were taken from some volunteers, and the process repeated with different lengths of exposure to the radiation (12, 18, and 24 hours). It was found that the number of red blood corpuscles, white blood cells, and hemoglobin concentration decrease the longer the samples are exposed to thermal neutrons. This trend was consistent with each volunteer's samples, and came regardless of whether they were male or female.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extract Of medicinal plant Malva neglecta Wallr
Authors: Al-Qurashy Nasser Nafaa Abrahem
Published: January 2024

The most commonly used plant namely Malva neglecta (family Malvaceae) was brought under study after observing their medicinal values. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of Malva neglecta Wallr against (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aerginosa and Bacillus cerus) and to determine the antifungal activity of these plants against the fungi (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani). The study showed that the Malva neglecta have potent activity against tested bacterial species and fungal species. The plant showed best activity against most of the bacterial and fungal strains, therefore these plant can be used to treat different microbial disease and infections.
Serological detection of Toxoplasmosis among women in wassite province
Authors: Al-Saidi Muntadher A.
Published: January 2024

In this study Toxoplasmosis was detection serologically among women in wassite province. Six hundred and Forty eight women attending to daily clinic in AlZahraa hospital, wassite province during Jun 2006 – March 200 were attributing in this study. Toxoplasma – specific IgG antibody were detect using latex agglutination test while Toxoplasma –specific IgM antibodies were detect by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Our result showed that 5 %( 357 out of 648) of patients were positive for IgG antibodies whereas 31 %( 112 out of 357) were positive for IgM antibodies. The sera of 357 women showed IgG positive by using serum dilution and latex agglutination test. The result were 225 pregnant women showed positive were serum dilution result 1:20 was 25 women, 1:40 was 22 women, 1:80 was 150 women, 1;160 was 20 women, 1:320 was 5 women and 1:640 was 3 women were 132 not pregnant women showed positive were serum dilution result was 1:20 was 26 women, 1:40 was 40 women1:80 was 50 women, 1:160 was 10 women, 1:320 was 4 women and 1:640 was 2 women. Were112 (31%) showed IgM positive by using ELISA. The risk factors for IgG anti- Toxoplasma seropsitivity were consumption of raw meat.
Influence of annealing time on structural, morphological properties of TiO2 Films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Firas Mohamed Dashoor
Published: January 2024

TiO2 films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on glass substrates. XRD and AFM were used to study structural and surface morphology. XRD chart revelled steady increments of the intensity of the main peak of TiO2 of the films with the increase of laser power. The piratical sizes of the film were 43.10nm. The Atomic Force Microscope images show that surface roughness of the films was improved with the increase of laser energy. These results propose the possibility to enhance the structural properties of the TiO2 films and also it is possible to obtain high quality TiO2 film by variation of power laser.
Preparation and characterization of the Br-HPI complex of Fe(III) and their applications for dye solar cell by synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in a novel method
Authors: Kamal Rashid Hsejan Al- Jorani
Published: January 2024

The derivative of five member heterocyclic ligand containing imidazole rings 4-bromo-2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) phenol [Br-HPI] and their complex with Fe(III) are reported. This ligand was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The solid complex was characterized by IR spectra, molar conductivity and magnetic moment. The results suggest that the metal is bonded to the ligand through the phenolic oxygen and the pyridine nitrogen forming chelates with (1:2) (metal: ligand) stoichiometry, and the octahedral geometry for the complex. The complex has photolysis by novel method that using UV. cell to synthesis α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The nanoparticles have been indicate by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with average particles size in the range 11 to 25 nm. The α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been applied a photo anode to fabrication dye solar cell (ITO\α-Fe2O3 Nps\rodamine 6G dye\Ag nanofilme\ITO) with energy efficiency conversion about 2.5 %.
CALCULATION OF THE SAFE TIME OF GSM MOBILE PHONES USAGE
Authors: Adheed Hasan Sallomi  , Abbas Shabram Juatta
Published: January 2024

A cellular mobile radio technology has become an important part of our everyday life as it provides a convenient communication services during user’s mobility. These facilities result in increasing the user numbers of this technology at an extra ordinary rates. Widespread usage of cellular mobile communication systems has generated public concern about the possible environmental, and health effects of human exposure to electromagnetic energy emitted by base stations and cellular phones as an amount of this energy is absorbed by the human body which works as an efficient receiving antenna.This paper discusses the probable health effects of cellular mobile system emissions, and presents two proposed methods to calculate the time of the safe usage of the mobile phones that operate under the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
Theoretical Study of the Behavior of Quarks at the Quark Gluon interaction on Compton Scattering
Authors: Hassan Ali Al Badry1  , Hadi Jabar M. Al-aqealy  , Hadi Dawyich Al-Ataby
Published: January 2024

The aim of this work is to explain the behavior of quarks state confinement, and asymptotic freedom depending on the quantum chromodynamic theory QCD . The photons emission are very important tool to probing the quark gluon interaction at nuclear collisions for high energy. The effective coupling constant have been estimated using a first leading approximation for renormalization equation .The effective coupling constant αesc(Peff) estimated as a function of effective transfer momentum and temperature. The critical properties have been studied depending on the QCD theory to analysis the asymptotic freedom and confinement behavior at high temperatures. This properties is tested with results of the QCD theory.
The Activated Sludge Flow Characteristics Required for The Design Of Pressure Pipeline
Authors: Albasher Hadi Abeid
Published: January 2024

In This research studied the effect of the sludge characteristics such as settling propertiese and concentration of solids in the sludge on the flow propertiese of heterogeneous sewage sludges. The non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic ) and time-dependent (thixotropic) influence on the rheological characteristics of sewage sludge was calculated experimentally. Depending on these characteristics and during several experiments an empirical method has been developed to calculate the head losses in pressure pipes which convey these sludges under laminar flow conditions. The results showed that the torque (T) and shear stress (τ) decrease with time at constant rotational speed,and the time-independent behaviour was approached after 900sec.,where no further decrease in shear stress was observed after 900s. A relations has been plotted between the flow rate (Q) and maximum,minimum head losses by means of a design example , in addition to the head loss gradient decay along a pipeline and between Euler and Reynolds numbers .
Density Functional Theory Calculations of Electronic Properties ,IR and UV-Vis Spectrum , Dipoles Moments ,and Atomic Charge Distribution of Mg 1-X Zn XFe2O4 Ferrite
Authors: Hashim Ali Yusr
Published: January 2024

Theoretical study using (Density Functional Theory) DFT method with B3LYP functional and the 3-21G(d,p) basis set had been implemented of calculating molecular structure properties of Magnesium – Zinc spinel ferrite having the chemical formula (Mg1-xZnxFe2O4). DFT had been used to optimize molecular structure, electronic state (HOMO-LUMO) , and electronic properties ( ionization potential, electronegativity, electron affinity, electrophilic, hardness, and softness) are calculated. Theoretical electronic IR spectrum were computed and plotted . UV-Vis spectrum calculated and plotted of this molecule. Dipole, Quadrupole, and Traceless Quadrupole moments were calculated. The Mullikan and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) distribution of Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 compound are also computed by DFT. All these properties had been calculated using Gaussian09 program with Gauss view 5.08 program by using (Density Functional Theory) DFT method with 3-21G(d,p) basis set.
STUDYING SOME OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FOR POLYMER REINFORCED WITH CHOPPED CARBON FIBERS (CCF) COMPOSITES
Authors: Najlaa Jerjack
Published: January 2024

The research includes the study of some physical. Properties (thermal conductive and dielectric strength) for two types of polymer composites; epoxy resin (EP) reinforced by chopped carbon fibers (CCF) and unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) reinforced by chopped carbon fibers at different weight percentage (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%). Hand –lay up. Method was used to prepare sheets of composites (EP, UPE, EP/CCF, and UPE/CCF) on. glass mold which were cut according to the standard dimensions of the thermal conductive and dielectric strength tests specimens. The results showed that the. Sample of UPE/CCF have highest values of thermal conductive at weight. percentage (7%) compared with prepared samples at other weight percentage. Also the results showed that the thermal conductive of. Pure UPE and EP increased with increase in weight percentage of carbon fibers addition. On the other hand, the results showed that the polyester composites have higher values of thermal conductive compared with epoxy composites. Also the results showed that higher value of dielectric strength at weight. Percentage (1%) for both types from prepared composites of carbon fibers.In addition, the results showed that the polyester composites have higher values of dielectric strength compared with epoxy composites.
Fully Fuzzy Neural Network For Solving Fuzzy Differential Equations
Authors: Mazin Hashim Suhhiem  , Basim Nasih Abood
Published: January 2024

In this work we have introduced a new method for solving fuzzy differential equations .This method "based on the" fully fuzzy "neural network" to find "the numerical solution of" the "first order fuzzy differential equations" ."The fuzzy trial solution of" the "fuzzy initial value problem is written as a sum of two parts". The first part satisfies the fuzzy condition, it contains no fuzzy adjustable parameters. The second part involves fully fuzzy feed-forward neural networks containing fuzzy adjustable parameters. "Under some conditions the proposed method provides numerical solutions with high accuracy".
Methotrexate-resistance is associated with double minute chromosomes in lymphocytes from patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Ghali Zafir Hasan , Ahmed Intisar Hussein , Ahmed Abdulalhalim Hussien
Published: January 2024

Human lymphocytes have long been used to assess the gene damage occurring in vivo as well as in vitro . In this study , peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with prostate cancer were cultivated in vitro short-term culture in the presence of methotrexate (MTX) to investigate the possible mechanism of resistance to MTX in those cells. The results indicate that the resistance to MTX in lymphocytes from prostate cancer patients is associated with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene amplification . Metaphase chromosome preparations from those cells were examined and were shown to contain double minute chromosomes (DMs). We conclude, that the presence of DMs may support that the resistance to MTX in prostate cancer patients may be associated with DHFR gene amplification.
Preparation ZnO:Ag nanoparticles as thin films by Sol-Gel technique for medical application
Authors: Adnan Mushab Mahdi  , Mahdi Mahmood Mutter
Published: January 2024

In this research , silver doped ZnO was prepared as thin films deposited on a glass substrate by sol gel technique and dipping coating. The characterization and antimicrobial prepared thin films was investigated. Structural properties of thin films were studied from measurement of x-ray (XRD), homogeneous and roughness of thin films surface was diagnosed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical properties measurement for obtained thin films investigated by used Uv-visible spectra and antibacterial activity test against E-coli bacteria were studied. The results showed antimicrobial activity about 70% of 10%Ag content and activity 10% for 5% Ag content studied.
Ecological study of some physical and chemical parameters of Al-Gharraf river and one water treatment plant in Wasit province, Iraq
Authors: Fatima Kareem Shandookh
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to measure some of physical and chemical parameters for Al-Gharraf river water and water treatment plant (Al-Karimmia water treatment plant) in Wasit Province from May 2017 to October 2017.Ecological factors that measure included water temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity , total dissolved solid, total hardness, alkalinity and the concentrations of (Ca,Mg,SO4,Cl,Na,K) for the samples of the raw water from river water and drinking water from water treatment plant and compared drinking water with Iraqi standards to determine its suitability for human uses. The results of this study of the raw water showed that water temperature was in the range(23-34.7Co), turbidity in the range(35-123 NTU),EC and TDS ranged between (1018-1343 μs/cm) (640-864 mg/L) respectively. The range of pH (7 to 7.5),total hardness (335 to 448 mg/L) and alkalinity (158 to 197 mg/L). The concentrations of Ca and Mg in the range (72-115 mg/L) (33-47 mg/L) respectively. The monthly concentrations of sulphate ranged between (200 -320 mg/L) while the concentration chloride (91-119 mg/L). Sodium and potassium values varied from (78-107 mg/L) (2-3 mg/L) respectively. The physical and chemical parameters such as water temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity , total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness, alkalinity and the concentrations of (Ca,Mg,SO4,Cl,Na,K) were measured for drinking water and all of these agree with Iraqi standards.
Characteristics of the watershed and their implications for the hydrological response to water in the Nafit basin, East Iraq, Using Spatial Information Technology
Authors: Sarteel Hamid Al- Shammary
Published: January 2024

It has been proven that spatial information technology, ie GIS, and remote sensing are an effective tool in the identification and planning of drainage pattern and management and planning of water resources. GIS and image processing were adopted to determine morphological characteristics and analyze them in the Nafit river basin in Diyala Governorate, east Iraq and western Iran. The basin morphometric parameters such as linear, aerial and relief aspects of the river basin were determined and computed using ArcGIS v. 10.3software. Stream orders in the basin affected to the conditions of rock structures and physiographies conditions. The study area is covered by (Fatha Formation, Injana Formation, Mukdadiya Formation and Quaternary deposits) with the area (3723km2). It is 6th order drainage basin and drainage pattern mainly in sub dendritic to dendritic type. The hydrological characteristics of the basin are influenced by the type and composition of the rocks and the amounts of rainfall.
Isolation and screening of biosurfactant producing yeast from soil contaminated with oil
Authors: Melad K. Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The present study was aimed to isolate yeasts from soil samples contaminated with oil and their ability to produce biosurfactants. Five samples were collected from different sites of Baghdad, thirty four isolate of yeasts were obtained from these contaminated soil. Nineteen isolates from them were able to produce biosurfactant according to the diameter of clearing zonein solution test, while other isolates gave negative results. The yeast isolates which gave positive result werequantitatively screened on the basis of emulsification index and surface tension, secondary screening showed that isolates SD5, SB8 and SK10 giving the highest yield of biosurfactant in their cultures and the values of emulsification index were 45.7%, 56.9% and 53.4% respectively. Also, the biosurfactant of isolates SD5, SB8 and SK10 were exhibited maximum ability to reduce the surface tension of medium to 38.2, 27.1 and 30.8 mN\m respectively. Finally selected isolates SD5, SB8 and SK10 were identification on the basis of morphological and biochemical tests, the results revealed that isolates were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiaeSB8, Candida glabrataSD5 and Candida glabrata SK10 respectively.The three most active isolates were tested to see their ability to produce biosurfactant in BH medium supplemented with four types of agricultural residues (rice bran, banana peel, wheat bran and corn cobs) as a source of carbon compared with BH medium with glucose. All isolates showed good ability to produce biosurfactant in liquid medium with different types of agricultural wastes and also with glucose. Candida glabrata SD5 exhibited highest activity for biosurfactant production when grown on agricultural wastes and glucose depend on the values of emulsification index and surface tension, whilethe wheat bran as a substrate gave best stimulation for biosurfactant production compared with other agricultural wastes.
Effect of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Foenugreek oil extract on some parameters of sperms and in vitro fertilization in mic
Authors: Al-Samarrae Khulood W. , Al-Ahmed Hazim Ismaeel , Al-Kateeb Ikbal
Published: January 2024

This project, aims to study the effect of trigonella seeds oil extract on body weight , testes weight and some parameter of reproductive system in male mice , and on In vitro fertilization (IVF) , cleavage stages of embryos in females. Fifteen adult (8-9 weeks) males and females mice were divided into three groups , each group containing 5 mice , first and second groups were treated with (2 and 4 mg/kg body weight) of Trigonella oil extract (intraperitonally) while the third group treated with normal saline as control group . After 35 days of treatment with Trigonella the animals (male and female) were sacrificed by dislocation of cervical vertebrate. Isolated sperms from tail of epidydymis were used for the following tests. Sperm motility, dead / live sperm, sperm abnormalities and serum ws collected to assay testosterone. Isolatation of ova from oviduct after micing in 500μl of TCM-199 media serum blood to assay FSH and LH . Sperm and matured ova were incubated in TCM-199 media for insemination. The results showed increase in body weight and testes weight in groups treated with trigonella. significant increase in sperm activity and decrease in percentage of dead sperm and abnormalities in groups treated with trigonella oil. The male testosterone and female FSH, LH increased significantly in groups treated with trigonella. IVF study showed significant increase in percentage of maturation, fertilization and cleavage (2-4 cells).
Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Wiener filter for Image De-nosing
Authors: Siddeq Mohammed M. , Yaba Sadar Pirkhider
Published: January 2024

In this paper we proposed an algorithm for image de-nosing based on; the two level discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and Wiener filter, also this paper describe estimate noise power. At first The DWT transform noisy image into sub-bands, consist of lowfrequencyand high-frequencies, and then estimate noise power for each sub-band. The noise power is computed through two important computations; compute square of variance for each sub-band then compute the mean of the variance. After compute the variance apply the wiener filter on each sub-band by using local window nn , finally perform inverse DWT to obtain de-noised image. Our algorithm tested on the two color images and also compared with Normal Shrink filter and Wiener filter.
Effect of lead acetate and the role of Nigella sativa in the fertility of male rat
Authors: Ibraheem Ihsan Resan
Published: January 2024

Thirty male rats were divided into six groups , The first and second group were divided into six groups , the first and second group were administrated with lead at dose ( 2 , 6 ) mg / kg of body weight respectively . Extract of Nigella sativa was ingested in drinking water at dose ( 200 ) mg drinking water to third group , the fourth group was ingested extract of Nigella sativa at dose 200 mg / kg drinking water and administrated with lead at dose ( 2 ) mg / kg of body weight while fifth group was ingested extract of Nigella sativa at dose ( 200 ) mg / L drinking water and administrated with lead at dose ( 6 ) mg / kg of body weight .The sixth group considered as a control group so it was not given extract of Nigella sativa or lead .Experiment continued for four weeks .Animals were weighted and anesthetized . Blood samples were collected and serum isolated to measure testosterone level . Testis , epididymis , seminal vesicle and prostate were removed total sperm count , sperm motility and sperm abnormality were calculated . Histological sections were prepared for testis to measure the number of spermatogenesis cells and diameters of seminiferous tubules .Results showed significant decrease in weights ( testis , epididymis , seminal vesicle and prostate ) testosterone level and sperms parameters in first and second as compared with all other groups in the experiment , while there was significant increase in testosterone level in third group as compared with other groups . Results of histological study demonstrated significant decrease in all types of spermatogenic cells and diameter of seminferus tubules in first and second groups as compared with the other groups .While there was significant increase in these histological testes in third group in comparison with other groups . In fourth and fifth groups there were insignificant improvement in these testes as compared with first and second groups .In this study it is concluded that the treatment with extract of Nigella sativa decreased the toxic effects of lead in the reproductive system of male rats .
Study of noise pollution in Sulaimani city
Authors: Jaff Parekhan M. , Tahir Dana A. , Hossieni Hossien
Published: January 2024

A study of noise pollution at six location by the month of Jun 2009 in Sulaimani city of Kurdistan region was conducted; Data on the intensity of noise during two different intervals of time 10 (am) and 17 (pm) were collected using a digital sound level meter with arrange of (34-130) dB. The source of must noise is transportation system, vehicles, car alarms, emergency services sirens, loudspeakers, construction works and noisy people. Because of the direct links between noise and health, the establishment of an agency under the name of Kurdistan Environmental Protection Agency (KEPA) is important for controlling this issue.
A study of some antibiotics and NaCl affecting Serratia marcescens growth and product prodigiosin pigment
Authors: DHAMAD AHMED EDAN
Published: January 2024

Serratia marcescens is a bacteria which is sensitive to some antibiotics(trimethoprime, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Cephoxitin, Neomycin, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin) and the Ciprofloxacin has higher capability to inhibit its growth, but it is resistante to(Augmentin, Erythromycin, Cephalothin, Clarithomycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Ampicillin) ,and it produces B-lactamases .The prodigiosin is a pigment that is produced from S. marcescens and may be defense agent against antibiotics so it increases its production with 85.71%, from antibiotics that affect bacteria growth, while it is not produced with (Tetracycline، Cephoxitin، Clarithomycin ) , while, Ampicillin، Vancomycin، Cephalothin، Erythromycin don’t affect bacteria growth and pigment production .The components media such as NaCl affect S. marcescens growth and pigment production, the growth decrease gradually at2% concentration and stop growth at 10% concentration to both period (24-48) hr.,while the pigment shows high product at 2% concentration and then decreases gradually to stop at 10% concen.to both period (24-48) hr.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride by In (III)
Authors: Mezal Alham Ngamesh
Published: January 2024

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometirc method for the determination of trace amounts of promethazine hydrochloride in the aqueous solution is described. The method is based on the complexation of promethazine hydrochloride with In (III) in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form an soluble product with maximum absorption at 304nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of (2-20μg/ml) with molar absorptivity of (1.92× 103 L.mol-1.cm-1). The optimum conditions for all development are described and the proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in bulk drug.
Isolation, purification and partial characterization of ficin from Ficus carica latex
Authors: Qurashi Abdul Aal Farhan , Jabbar Ahmed Darwhish
Published: January 2024

This study aimed at the isolation, purification and characterization of fig latex ficin. Samples were collected from fruit joint with the fig tree. Supernatant was decanted from fig latex after centrifugation at 3000 rpm which represents crude enzyme extract. Latex content was concentrated by sucrose powder. Purification steps were carried out with ion-exchange and gel filtration using DEAE- cellulose and sephadex G-50 columns respectively. Enzyme yield and purification folds were 51.688% and 15.635 respectively with specific activity 148.336 U/mg. By using gel filtration, molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 22.725 Da. The pH at which ficin showing activity ranged between 6-8.5. Ficin showed a good stability in pH ranging between 6-8. Optimum temperature for activity and stability were 50 C○ and 25-40 C○ respectively. Activation energy for substrate conversion of this enzyme was calculated to be 10.22 Kca/mol.
Study the affectivity of some commercial insecticides on larvae and pupae of mosquitoe’s Culex sp. at Basrah city
Authors: Thamer Nadia Kadium
Published: January 2024

Laboratory study was preformed to demonstrate the effectiveness of seven commercial insecticides from different manufactures and widespread in local markets on larvae and pupae of Culex sp. Four larval instars and pupae of the mosquito’s Culex sp. were chosen and collected from several ponds in Aljubaila and Garmat- Ali regions for applying this experiment. The larvae were exposed to three concentrations for each insecticide 250 , 500 , 1000 ppm ,the LT50 was calculated for each concentration of each insecticide , results showed that ElAskari insecticide is outdo another insecticides in killing by LT50 (7.49 , 12.88 , 19.63 ) for three concentrations respectively , and the insecticide with lower effectiveness was Flit Sole by LT50 ( 14.15 , 25.31 , 35.53 ) for three concentrations respectively. This study showed that insecticides which contain pyrethoids compound Tetramethrin in their structure are the most and preferred in houses because they have very low toxicity for mammals but they are highly toxic to insects and have a rapid knock- down effect even at very low doses .
The Efficacy of Methyl Alcohol Extracts of Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth Seeds , Melia azedarach L. Fruits and their mixture in Comparisom with Actellic Insecticide on Eggs and adult emergence of cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)(Coleoptera:Bruc
Authors: Mohammed Melad Kalaf , Al–Rawy Mohammed Ammar
Published: January 2024

This study has carried out in laboratory to reveal the efficacy of methyl alcohol extract of Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth seeds and Melia azedarach L. fruits , in addition to their mixtures ( 1:1) , which is compared with the insecticide Actellic 50% EC., on Eggs and adult emergence of cowpea weevil , Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) under laboratory conditions of 30+ 2 C. and 60+5% relative humidity.Results have shown that there is significant differences in percentages of egg hatching of 1 , 2 and 3 days old which is treated with concentrations of 2,4,6,8,10% of methyl alcohol extract of Albizzia lebbeck seeds and Melia azedarach fruits ; the concentrations of 1,2 and 3% of the mixture of both and the concentrations of 0.05 , 0.075 % of the insecticide. There is a converse relationship between egg hatching and concentrations . Eggs of 1 day old are more resistant than other ages , since the highest egg hatching , 87.5% and 72.2% for Albizzia lebbeck seeds and Melia azedarach fruits respectively occur with 2% concentration compared with control which is 98.00 and 96.00% for both of them respectively. While Adult emergence has reached 80.36 and 75.6 % compared with control which is 94.00 and 100.00% for both of them respectively for the same age and concentration. The lowest hatching and emergence percentages are 52.5 and 69.79% of Albizzia lebbeck seeds extract at 6% concentration and 17.5 , 72.22 % of Melia azedarach fruits extracts at 8% concentration . No egg hatching occurs at 8% concentration of Albizzia lebbeck and 10% of Melia azedarach extracts for all ages .The highest egg hatching of 1day eggs old and adult emergence is 45.49 and 87.50 % at 1% concentration for mixed extraction compared with control which is 100.0 and 96.67 % . The lowest egg hatching is 5.00 % at 3% concentration and the lowest adult emergence 25.0% at 2% concentration compared with control which is 100.0 and 93.33% for eggs of 3 days old ; and there is no adult emerged at 3% for all ages . The highest egg hatching of 55% occurs at 0.05 concentration of actellic for 1 day old compared with control treatment which is 100.0% , and there is no hatching for the other ages and concentrations.
SEDIMENTOLOGICAL , PETROGRAPHICAL AND CLAY MINERAIOGICAL STUDY OF THE GRAVEL AND CONGLOMERETE FACIES OF THE NORTHERN PART OF SAMARRA CITY ,IRAQ
Authors: Basi Muzahim Aziz
Published: January 2024

The gravels, conglomerates and the associated sediments in the studeid area, most probaly were deposited in an alluvial –fan environment . Sedimentologically, the sediments consist of three facies association: gravel and conglomerate(facies Q1),sand and sandstone (facies Q2)and gypcrete, gypseous mud and gypseous mudstone (facies Q3).These Facies most likely represent a mid-fan deposits and their material had been transported to the fan by stream flow condition . The petrography of gravels, sands and sandstones (The coarse sediments) reveal that the sedimentary rock fragments are the main constituents. The study indicates local origin of these sediments and had been derived from the older formations exposed in the north and northeast of the studied area .The clay minerals of the fine grained sediments include: montmorillonite, chlorite, kaolonite and palygorskite. The palygorskite is considered as authogenic in origin whereas the other minerals are detrital.
Differentiation sedimentological environments of soil series materials within irrigation and river basins from middle-mesopotamian
Authors: Rahal Nadhum Shamki , Al–Agidi Waleed Khalid
Published: January 2024

This work was carried out in East Gharaf lands which were limited with 45 50 30 " , 45 57 30 " longitudes and 32 45 15 " , 32 45 35 " latitudes . Parameters of sorting of soil material separates were used in terms of ( median diameter , inclusive graphic standared deviation бI , inclusive graphic skewness skI , kurtosis and tranformed kurtosis ) to study the statuse of soil material sorting . Stewart diagrams were used for the differenetiation of sedimentation environments .These digrams showed that , sdiments were of one main sedimentation environments ( ie river environments ) . In , addition the sediments grouped in two subenvironment clusters within the main sedimentation environment provence .These subenveronments were of fine separates sedimentation (river sediment) and medium to coarse separates sedimentation (irrigation sediments) . Both sediments are recent and local physiographic units .Sediments of soil materials were characterized and correlated to their sedimentation environments by the use of triangular diagrams and illustrated in terms of the relative percentages of light minerals ( chert , feldspars , biotiet ) fractions and heavey minerals (pyroxenes, garnet , chlorite) in order to assure their sedimentation environments . Accordingly , it can be suggested that , the use of light minerals gave better distinction and differentiation between sediments of river and irrigation basins . Also ,the soil use of separetes were the best in the differentiation between the subenvironments of sedimentation of river and irrigation sediments .
Some Results on Invariant Best Approximations in p-Normed Spaces
Authors: Abd Albandy Salwa Salman , Albadry Nadaa Moreah Atheab
Published: January 2024

In this paper we give two theorems in p-normed spaces. The first one is about the existence of fixed point of multivalued nonexpansive mapping and then we use these theorems in the proof of the result( Theorem2.3 )about existence of invariant best approximation. Note that, we need to give Lemma (1.14)
Spontaneous Rupture of Exogastric Hemangioma:Case Report
Authors: Al-Rubaiee Khairallah Mezhir
Published: January 2024

Hemangiomas are benign congenital tumors of mature blood vessels and usually consist of dense masses of capillaries or larger blood vessels. Hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract are uncommon and account for only 0.05% of all intestinal neoplasms; gastric hemangiomas constitute less than 2% of benign gastric neoplasms. Gascoyen first described gastric hemangioma in 1860, and only 45 cases have been reported.1–5 Hemangioma of the stomach presenting with spontaneous rupture is rare. We describe a 41-year-old male who had rupture of abdominal hemangioma and subsequent hemoperitoneum. presented to the emergency unit of our hospital Al-Karama general hospital Al-Kut city with acute abdominal pain and distention where he was examined resuscitated, investigated , and explored for profuse hemoperitoneum and an exogastric ruptured mass were resected and submitted for histopathological examination. Which confirmed the diagnosis of hemangioma.
Determination of poultry breeder's knowledge level of diagnosis and therapy techniques of Newcastle disease in Thiqar Governorate and their correlation with some parameters
Authors: Al-Rekabi Hakeem Sultan , Al-Quraishi Abul All Farhan
Published: January 2024

This study aimed at determining the poultry breeder's knowledge level of diagnosis and therapy techniques of Newcastle disease in Thiqar Governorate and their correlation with some parameters. In this work we depended on personal interview for data collection related to the research. The society under research in clouded all poultry breeders in Thiqar governorate which constitute (300) breeders. Samples were picked randomly in ration (10%) with sample volume (30 breeders). Each percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient (Pearson) were used in this study. Data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS. Results showed a relatively lowered knowledge levels and the positive correlation between poultry breeder knowledge level and the following parameters (age, education level, number of farms, experience in poultry field, and training courses. Based in those findings, this study recommends enhancement of the veterinary guidance, establishing seminars and training courses, as well as strengthening the relations low –priced of the relation of between veterinary centers and poultry breeders, also providing them with medication and vaccines at the right time ,This will be very important for the eradication of diseases and elimination of economical looses.