bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidentiality as a grammaticalization passenger
Authors: Mélac Eric , Bialek Joanna
Published: January 2024

This article investigates the grammaticalization patterns of evidentiality from a cross-linguistic perspective
with a focus on Lhasa Tibetan. It documents the history of the evidential morphemes ’dug, -song, -bzhag, and
=ze from Old Literary Tibetan to modern spoken Lhasa Tibetan. Our analyses show that these morphemes started
grammaticalizing before encoding evidentiality. We argue that, through pragmatic strengthening, evidentiality tends to infiltrate
forms which have already grammaticalized to express other semantic domains. These patterns of grammaticalization are confirmed by
diachronic and reconstructed data from genetically unrelated languages. Evidentiality thus tends to be a ‘grammaticalization
passenger’ (i.e., a conventionalized meaning which used to be merely implied from the recurrent contexts of a grammaticalized
form) rather than a ‘grammaticalization target’ (i.e., a functional domain which triggers grammaticalization). This may explain
why evidentiality is less often grammaticalized than other notions, such as time or modality, in the world’s languages.
Frequency differences in reportative exceptionality and how to account for them
Authors: Mortelmans Tanja
Published: January 2024

Reportative evidential markers are – in contrast to other evidential markers – compatible with distancing
interpretations, in which the speaker denies the truth of what is being reported. This exceptional behaviour of reportatives is
termed ‘reportative exceptionality’ (AnderBois 2014). In this paper, which addresses
French, Dutch and German reportative markers, we argue that they differ with respect to the frequency with which such distancing
interpretations actually arise. The French reportative conditionnel most frequently occurs with distancing
interpretations, whereas German sollen hardly occurs with this function. Dutch zou takes up an
intermediate position. It is claimed that the higher compatibility of the conditionnel with distancing
interpretations can be accounted for by a number of factors: its general preference for contexts in which other perspectives than
the speaker’s are highly salient; the fact that it has past tense morphology; and its general semantic make-up in which the
marking of hypotheticality is a key function.
Surfing in Hainan Island: An Emerging Surfing Tourism Destination in China
Authors: Wengel Yana , Han Longrui , Hu Yunxin
Published: January 2024

Surfing has gained significant scholarly attention recently, yet Hainan Island has received less attention. Hainan Island is an emerging destination for the global surfing community. This case study provides a historical overview of surfing in Hainan and discusses the current state of challenges and opportunities related to the surfing industry on the island. The case study also discusses the cultural and economic impacts of surfing on the island, including the emergence of surf schools, the hosting of surfing competitions, and the development of related infrastructure in Riyue Bay. We also discuss the development of surfing after this sport became an Olympic discipline. Additionally, the case study highlights some key surf spots in Hainan, such as Riyue Bay in Wanning, and discusses the unique characteristics that make these spots ideal for surfing. Overall, the case study provides a comprehensive overview of the development and current state of surfing in Hainan Island, shedding light on the increasing significance of surfing in the region’s tourism industry and its potential for future growth.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Tilt-to-length coupling noise suppression based on transformation of q parameters of Gaussian beams in spaceborne gravitational wave detection
Authors: Liu Jinsong , Xu Xin , Tan Yidong
Published: January 2024

Suppression of the coupling of unavoidable angular spacecraft jitter into the longitudinal displacement measurement, known as tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling, is crucial for realizing the required sensitivity of picometer

/

H

z

1

/

2

level within the frequency range of 1 mHz–1 Hz in spaceborne gravitational wave detection. In this paper, we propose a novel method to suppress the TTL coupling between two Gaussian beams demonstrated by simulation. Our approach involves placing a set of lenses with specific focal lengths at proper locations to match the q parameters of the two interfering beams based on our design principle. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in TTL coupling and testify the effectiveness of our proposed approach. TTL coupling factors below 0.21

μ

m rad−1 with ideal parameters and below 4.65

μ

m rad−1 with focal length error set at 1% as well as installation error (lateral-alignment and longitudinal-alignment errors) set at 10

μ

m are achieved for beam tilts within

±
300
μ

rad

.
Regulation of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction in ferromagnetic multilayers
Authors: Meng Yufei , Meng Fei , Hou Mingxuan , Zheng Qianqi , Wang Boyi , Zhu Ronggui , Feng Chun , Yu Guanghua
Published: January 2024

Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (i-DMI) exists in the film materials with inversion symmetry breaking, which can stabilize a series of nonlinear spin structures and control their chirality, such as Néel-type domain wall, magnetic skyrmion and spin spiral. In addition, the strength and chirality of i-DMI are directly related to the dynamic behavior of these nonlinear spin structures. Therefore, regulating the strength and chirality of i-DMI not only has an important scientific significance for enriching spintronics and topological physics, but also has a significant practical value for constructing a new generation of memorizer, logic gate, and brain-like devices with low-power. This review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of i-DMI in ferromagnetic films and provides some prospects for future research.
Perspective on structural health monitoring of bridge scour
Authors: Laflamme Simon
Published: January 2024

This paper celebrates A. S. E. Ackerman’s centennial publication on an apparatus for the monitoring of piles by providing a perspective on instruments used to monitor bridge pile scours. A short review of early works provides the reader with a historical perspective on the development and application of bridge scour monitoring devices. After, a discussion on contemporary measurement techniques reveals how these early devices have evolved, and how vibration-based monitoring techniques have gained significant attention. Lastly, thoughts on future needs for these structural health monitoring solutions are shared, and include remarks on the required characteristics to construct the next generation of high-performance bridge scour measurement device and monitoring systems.
Validation and assessment of multi-GNSS phase bias products from IGS analysis centers
Authors: Lyu Zhen , Wang Zhiyu , Li Zishen , Wang Ningbo , Wang Liang , Zhang Yunlong
Published: January 2024

Phase bias plays a crucial role in precision point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution. Currently, an increasing number of analysis centers are being of releasing multi- Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) phase bias products. However, it remains uncertain how different phase bias products, receiver types, and GNSS systems combinations might impact user-side positioning performance and ambiguity resolution capabilities. In view of this, this contribution systematically investigates the effects on PPP with ambiguity resolution. Four types of receivers, including SEPTENTRIO POLARX5, LEICA GR50, JAVAD TRE_3 DELTA, and TRIMBLE ALLOY, are selected, and six types of GNSS system combinations, namely, GPS, Galileo, BDS3, GPS/Galileo, GPS/BDS3, GPS/Galileo/BDS3, are used, and the phase bias products from OSB (Observable-specific Bias)-CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe), OSB-CNES/CLS (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Geodesy Team), OSB-GFZ (German Research Centre for Geosciences/Germany), OSB-WHU (Wuhan University), OSB-CNES/NAV (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Navigation Team), IRC (Integer Recovery Clock)-CNES/CLS, IRC-GFZ are adopted for the numerical experiment. Compared with the float-solution, the results show that the accuracy of PPP fixed-solution with single-system can be improved 1 cm–3 cm, and the convergence time is reduced 2 min–15 min. The positioning performance using the seven phase bias products for any single-system satisfies the following order from the best to the worst: OSB_WHU > OSB_CODE > OSB_CNES/CLS ≈ OSB_CNES/NAV > OSB_GFZ > IRC_CNES/CLS ≈ IRC_GFZ, but the performance of ambiguity resolution do not present certain characteristics. Meanwhile, the ambiguity-fix success-rate and Time to First Fix can keep at 80%–96% and 20 min–40 min with single-system, respectively. In the case of multi-system, although the difference in the positioning performance among the phase bias products is not significant, the multi-system outperforms the single-systemin terms of both positioning performance and ambiguity resolution. However, the difference between the dual-system and the triple-system is smaller. In addition, the positioning performance corresponding to different receiver types also shows distinction, while there is no significant difference in the ambiguity resolution performance between different receiver types.
An anti-charge-interference three-dimensional electric field sensor
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xia Shanhong , Peng Chunrong
Published: January 2024

A major concern in the development of three-dimensional (3D) microelectromechanical system electric field sensors (EFSs) is space charge interference. With space charges in the surrounding environment, charges may accumulate at the surface of the EFS, which affects the accuracy of the electric field measurement. There is a lack of relevant mechanism research and solutions for this problem. Here, an anti-charge-interference 3D EFS is presented, which consists of three electric field sensing elements and a reference element. By establishing the model of the sensing element, the relationship of the electric field at the sensing chip with the distance between the sealing cap and the sensing chip is explored. The theoretical basis of the measurement method of the 3D electric field based on a coplanar structure is introduced. Then, the influence of charge accumulation is overcome by a differential calculation between the output signals of the reference element and sensing elements. The anti-charge-interference 3D EFS prototype is developed. Experimental results show that the measurement error of the anti-charge-interference 3D EFS is 4.01% and the linearity is better than 1% under an electric field of 0–50 kV m−1.
Optimization of tensor network codes with reinforcement learning
Authors: Mauron Caroline , Farrelly Terry , Stace Thomas M
Published: January 2024

Tensor network codes enable structured construction and manipulation of stabilizer codes out of small seed codes. Here, we apply reinforcement learning (RL) to tensor network code geometries and demonstrate how optimal stabilizer codes can be found. Using the projective simulation framework, our RL agent consistently finds the best possible codes given an environment and set of allowed actions, including for codes with more than one logical qubit. The agent also consistently outperforms a random search, for example finding an optimal code with a

10
%

frequency after 1000 trials, vs a theoretical

0.16
%

from random search, an improvement by a factor of 65.
Generation and propagation of acoustic solitons in a periodic waveguide of air-water metamaterials
Authors: Braik R , Elmadani A , Idrissi M , Achaoui Y , Jakjoud H
Published: January 2024

In this study, we propose an equivalent circuit of a metamaterial 1D waveguide. The latter is made of a diphasic medium to induce both non-linearity and dispersion. The balance between these two effects makes it possible to obtain soliton waves not studied in the fluid-fluid metamaterial so far. The purpose of the present paper is to confront the numerical Runge Kutta-based solution to the Transmission Line based circuits. The latter is compared to the numerical solution obtained by a Finite element method (FEM) algorithm to validate the numerical solution. The obtained solution is proved to be in good agreement with FEM solution.
ZPW-2000 frequency-shift signal detection algorithm based on nonlinear least squares method
Authors: Ji Guanggang , Shan Mingyang , Li Zheng , Wang Hongkai
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the problems of spectrum leakage, difficulty in guaranteeing demodulation accuracy, and endangering driving safety in signal detection algorithm based on periodogram with limited sampling duration, this paper proposes for the first time a kind of ZPW-20000 frequency-shift signal detection algorithm based on nonlinear least squares, so as to improve the detection performance of ZPW-2000 frequency-shift signal, to ensure the safe operation of trains, and to improve the operational efficiency. The mathematical model of ZPW-2000 frequency-shift signal is established, the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for carrier-frequency and low-frequency estimation are derived, and a nonlinear least squares algorithm containing three processes, namely, the coarse estimation, the grid search based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the exact search, is designed, which is applied to the detection of ZPW-2000 frequency-shift signal. The research results show that the accuracy of carrier-frequency and low-frequency estimation of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the periodogram method for different sampling durations, and the number of decoding errors of the proposed algorithm and the periodogram method is reduced to zero when the sampling durations are greater than or equal to 0.11 s and 0.19 s, respectively, and the proposed algorithm reduces the limitation on the sampling durations. As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases, the root mean square error (RMSE) of carrier-frequency and low-frequency estimation of the proposed algorithm can approach the CRB. when the SNR of −2 dB, the number of decoding errors of the proposed algorithm is reduced to zero, while the periodogram method requires the SNR of 2 dB to achieve the same effect. The proposed algorithm performs well in detection accuracy, real-time and anti-interference ability, which is of great significance for ensuring driving safety and improving the reliability of the vehicle-ground communication mode based on ZPW-2000 track circuit.
Tunable optical absorption in undoped graphene sandwiched between multilayer dielectric stacks with mirror symmetry
Authors: Kengo Faisal , Solihin S , Shoufie Ukhtary M , Suwardy Joko , Aziz Majidi M , Nugraha Ahmad R T
Published: January 2024

We theoretically investigate the optical absorption of an undoped graphene monolayer when put in a one-dimensional multilayer stack. Using the transfer matrix method, we perform numerical simulations and derive explicit analytical formulas for the optical absorption of the graphene monolayer at the center of the dielectric stack and find that the optical absorption uniquely depends on repetition number (r) and the unit layers structure. When sandwiched between unit layers structure composed of three dielectric materials (referred to as the ‘ABC’ structure) with even values of r, the graphene monolayer absorbs 2.3% of visible to near-infrared light. This behavior is the same as if graphene were free-standing, not sandwiched between the dielectric stack. In contrast to that situation, in the ABC structure with odd values of r, also when the graphene monolayer is sandwiched between four materials (the ‘ABCD’ structure) with any values of r, we can obtain optical absorption as large as 50% at particular refractive indices (n) of the constituent dielectric materials. The 50% absorption is, in fact, the maximum optical absorption for any undoped monolayer material in the symmetric dielectric stacks. By varying r and n within the ABC or ABCD structures, we can finely adjust the optical absorption of graphene within the range of 0%–50%, facilitating precise control for various optoelectronic applications.
Various wave solutions to the nonlinear fractional Korteweg-de Vries Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation by a new approach to the two-variable expansion scheme
Authors: Khatun Mst Munny , Akbar M Ali , Fayazova Zarina K , İlhan Onur Alp
Published: January 2024

Solving nonlinear differential equations is crucial for the design, optimization, and characterization of engineering systems. However, investigating such equations poses significant challenges and requires the development of new mathematical and computational techniques. In this article, we extend the two-variable

(

G

′

/

G

,

1

/

G

)

-expansion approach and establish scores of general analytical solutions, consisting of different functions and arbitrary parameters, to the time-fractional Korteweg–de Vries Zakharov-Kuznetsov (KdV-ZK) equation. The KdV-ZK equation provides a powerful model for modulating nonlinear waves in an assortment of physical systems, including plasma physics, atmospheric science, fluid dynamics, soliton theory, and optical fibers. The proposed technique allows extracting several novel solutions to the KdV-ZK equation, which is essential for gaining new insights into physical problems. In addition, the suggested extension shortens the calculation process and enhances computational efficiency. The obtained solitons have potential applications in several scientific and technological fields. The beta fractional derivative and the consistent wave variable are considered to restructure the stated fractional nonlinear equation. This study investigates the merits and demerits of the fractional-order derivative β on the dynamics of the system through the representation of two-dimensional graphs, which vary according to different values of β. The enhanced computational efficiency might assist the researchers in exploring a wider range of phenomena, facilitating further extensive investigations, and contributing to overall progress in the fields of science and engineering.
Quantum algorithms for matrix operations and linear systems of equations
Authors: Qi Wentao , Zenchuk Alexandr I , Kumar Asutosh , Wu Junde
Published: January 2024

Fundamental matrix operations and solving linear systems of equations are ubiquitous in scientific investigations. Using the ‘sender-receiver’ model, we propose quantum algorithms for matrix operations such as matrix-vector product, matrix-matrix product, the sum of two matrices, and the calculation of determinant and inverse matrix. We encode the matrix entries into the probability amplitudes of the pure initial states of senders. After applying proper unitary transformation to the complete quantum system, the desired result can be found in certain blocks of the receiver’s density matrix. These quantum protocols can be used as subroutines in other quantum schemes. Furthermore, we present an alternative quantum algorithm for solving linear systems of equations.
Reconstruction of aether scalar tensor theory for variouscosmological scenarios*
Authors: Fu 付 Qi-Ming 启铭 , He 何 Meng-Ci 梦慈 , Sui 眭 Tao-Tao 陶陶 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present several explicit reconstructions for the aether scalar tensor (AeST) theory derived from the background of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmological evolution. It is shown that the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with a positive cosmological constant is the only Lagrangian capable of accurately replicating the exact expansion history of the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe filled solely with dust-like matter. However, the ΛCDM-era can be produced within the framework of the AeST theory for some other fluids, including a perfect fluid with

, multifluids, and nonisentropic perfect fluids. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ΛCDM-era can be replicated with no real matter field for the AeST theory. The cosmic evolution resulting from both the power-law and de-Sitter solutions can also be obtained.
A discussion on the anomalous threshold enhancement of
–
couplings and
peak*
Authors: Lu 陆 Ye 业 , Chen 陈 Chang 畅 , Qin 秦 Guang-You 广友 , Zheng 郑 Han-Qing 汉青
Published: January 2024

The attractive interaction between

and

has to be strong enough if X(6900) is of the molecule type. We argue that since

decays predominantly into a

pair, the interactions between

and

may be significantly enhanced owing to the three point

loop diagram. The enhancement originates from the anomalous threshold located at

GeV

, whose effect propagates into the s-channel partial wave amplitude in the vicinity of

GeV. This effect may be helpful in the formation of the

peak.
Exploring dark matter-gauge boson effective interactions at current and future colliders*
Authors: Zhang 张 Yu 宇 , Huang 黄 Yi-Wei 祎伟 , Zhang 张 Wei-Tao 伟涛 , Song 宋 Mao 昴 , Ding 丁 Ran 然
Published: January 2024

In this study, we systematically investigate collider constraints on effective interactions between Dark Matter (DM) particles and electroweak gauge bosons. We consider the simplified models in which scalar or Dirac fermion DM candidates couple only to electroweak gauge bosons through high dimensional effective operators. Considering the induced DM-quarks and DM-gluons operators from the Renormalization Group Evolution (RGE) running effect, we present comprehensive constraints on the effective energy scale Λ and Wilson coefficients

from direct detection, indirect detection, and collider searches. In particular, we present the corresponding sensitivity from the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) and Future Circular Collider in the electron-proton mode (FCC-ep) for the first time, update the mono-j and mono-γ search limits at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and derive the new limits at the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC).
Long term behavior of the stirred vacuum on a Dirac chain: geometry blur and the random Slater ensemble
Authors: Vinaixa José , Mula Begoña , Deaño Alfredo , Santalla Silvia N , Rodríguez-Laguna Javier
Published: January 2024

We characterize the long-term state of the 1D Dirac vacuum stirred by an impenetrable object, modeled as the ground state of a finite free-fermionic chain dynamically perturbed by a moving classical obstacle which suppresses the local hopping amplitudes. We find two different regimes, depending on the velocity of the obstacle. For a slow motion, the effective Floquet Hamiltonian presents features which are typical of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, and the occupation of the Floquet modes becomes roughly homogeneous. Moreover, the long term entanglement entropy of a contiguous block follows a Gaussian analogue of Page’s law, i.e. a volumetric behavior. Indeed, the statistical properties of the reduced density matrices correspond to those of a random Slater determinant, which can be described using the Jacobi ensemble from random matrix theory. On the other hand, if the obstacle moves fast enough, the effective Floquet Hamiltonian presents a Poissonian behavior. The nature of the transition is clarified by the entanglement links, which determine the effective geometry underlying the entanglement structure, showing that the one-dimensionality of the physical Hamiltonian dissolves into a random adjacency matrix as we slow down the obstacle motion.
Project digiSTAR – digital augmented Science Teaching and Research
Authors: Blick Gina , Syskowski Sabrina , Möhrke Philipp , Kannegieser Sören , Huwer Johannes , Thyssen Christoph , Thoms Lars-Jochen
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces the digiSTAR project, whose primary focus is on bridging the digital gap in undergraduate studies, which arises between the now digitalized schools and the technology-driven master’s programs at universities when undergraduate courses are taught in a more traditional and less digitalized way, by providing teaching-learning modules and digital resources. The second goal is to provide pre-service science teachers with authentic learning opportunities for designing and testing lessons and (peer) feedback on their own developments, in accordance with the DiKoLAN framework, which characterizes digital competencies for teaching in science education. Initial results of the first design-based research cycle, based on a survey of first-year chemistry students, showed that chemistry students have difficulty understanding the physical fundamentals of quantum chemistry needed to understand topics such as molecular orbital theory. These challenges can potentially be eased through the implementation of innovative digital modules, which have been and will be created by teacher students enrolled in the Master of Education program. The project digiSTAR aims to establish a collection of digital modules designed for first-year science courses, with the long-term vision of extending this endeavour to encompassing a broader range of academic disciplines to address and reduce the digital gap.
QuVis simulations in Czech - translation and utilization in pre-service physics teacher course
Authors: Koupilová Zdeňka , Kácovský Petr
Published: January 2024

The collection of QuVis simulations is based on research on frequent student difficulties, and their design and effectiveness have been also verified. The concept of these simulations fits very well into our undergraduate Introductory Course of Quantum Physics for pre-service physics teachers. However, due to the simulations being in English, we recognized the language barrier as an obstacle for some students when working independently with them. Moreover, we believe that a solid grasp of Czech terminology is important for future teachers. These reasons led us to translate 20 simulations into Czech. To further enhance the collection, we are developing thematic worksheets that feature tasks using the selected simulations alongside tasks that are solved without their use. Up to now, we have published five worksheets focusing on measurement in quantum physics.
VITAL - A Modular VR & AR Based Educational Toolkit to Help EU Adults Foster Climate Neutral Practices
Authors: Říha Jan , Richterek Lukáš , Hrouzková Tereza , Smrčka David , Bartoněk Luděk , Pucholt Zdeněk
Published: January 2024

The VITAL project is motivated by the EU’s Green Deal Action Plan and the exploitation of two Erasmus+ priorities - the fight against climate change combined with digital transformation, in this case in the adult education sector. Various studies, statistics and surveys show that the rate of natural resource extraction is rapidly growing and our planet and the home of mankind can come to exhaustion of its finite resources. In a nutshell, the behaviour and lifestyle of EU Citizens in terms of consumption and use of products and services need to be influenced so that we all contribute daily actions that are more sustainable and aligned with best practices leading to carbon neutrality. In the contribution, we would like to inform about a course and materials developed within our Erasmus+ project that could serve various target users (adult trainers, schools, NGOs, municipal authorities, etc.) to get information about the principles and provide a set of hands-on activities enriched with AR technology features.
Teaching Refractive index with a Virtual Experimental Activity
Authors: Rodrigues Marcelo , Simeão Carvalho Paulo , Hahn Marcelo
Published: January 2024

The refractive index of a transparent medium is a physical property taught in the schools at the secondary level. It depends on the medium characteristics that can be easily shown with a simple experimental setup. This property also depends on the wavelength of the light and on the temperature of the medium. These dependencies are very smooth and schools usually do not have accurate experimental setups to allow students exploring the dependency in order to better understand this phenomenon. This work presents a simulation from the class Virtual Experimental Activity, to help teachers to provide experimental activities in the classroom to engage concepts that otherwise should only be approached theoretically.
Classroom experimentation – Arduino projects to teach electromagnetism
Authors: Schnider D , Hömöstrei M
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we offer high school physics teachers valuable insights into the effective incorporation of Arduino-based classroom physics measurements for teaching electromagnetics. By engaging students in activities that involve measuring the conductance of liquids and exploring the magnetic field of a solenoid, starting from fundamental concepts and progressing to more complex tasks, we facilitate their journey toward a deeper, abstract understanding of the subject matter. These projects, centered on digital technology, encompass activities such as digital data collection, data analysis, and even functions plotting. These hands-on experiences enhance students’ technical skills, and also provide teachers with a powerful quantitative teaching method, allowing them to emphasize specific physical phenomena and their underlying theoretical principles. Consequently, these Arduino-based measurements play a pivotal role in fostering students’ competence development and improving their attitude towards learning physics.
Using a Mobile Phone as a Measurement Tool for Illuminance in Physics Education
Authors: Vochozka Vladimír
Published: January 2024

Most primary school students in the Czech Republic have a mobile phone. A mobile phone can measure many physical quantities once the appropriate application has been installed. The terms “Light Meter” or “Lux Meter” are names for applications that measure the physical quantity illuminance. At the time of writing, there are more than 50 such applications available on Google Play. These applications utilise data from the ambient light sensor. The study describes the measurement of illuminance using laboratory equipment and mobile phones with installed applications and further explores the reliability of data collected by mobile phones. A comparison was made between data from applications that were in the default settings and calibrated. The values of different applications installed on the same mobile phone were compared, as well as values of the same application installed on different mobile phones. Values were compared at different distances from the light source and at the same distance, but with varying angles. The reaction time for a mobile phone application to detect changes in illumination was measured. Sensitivity to infrared and ultraviolet radiation was also investigated. Seven general conclusions were drawn from all measurements regarding the use of a mobile phone as a luxmeter instead of professional laboratory equipment, provided that the recommendations are followed.
Easy JavaScript Simulation (EJSS) Data Analytics for Singapore
Authors: Wee Loo Kang , Tan Darren , Clemente Félix Jesús Garcia , Esquembre Francisco
Published: January 2024

We have integrated Easy JavaScript Simulation (EJSS) Data Analytics into the national Learning Management System for Singapore schools, known as the Singapore Student Learning Space (SLS). EJSS Data Analytics enhances the teaching and learning experience for educators and students by enabling educators to monitor and evaluate students’ interactions with interactive computer simulations. The data analytics and visualisation capabilities are delivered using the Moodle platform and version 1.3 of the specifications for Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI). In this paper, we showcase the potential for EJSS Data Analytics to identify students’ learning difficulties and misconceptions. Four examples of EJSS Data Analytics applications are provided to illustrate insights on aspects that include understanding a student’s sequential actions leading to specific task outcomes, the frequency of task attempts by each student, and the ratio of students achieving correct versus incorrect task completions. We identify five key considerations for designing the EJSS teacher dashboard. These considerations relate to Student Thought Process, Student Behaviour, Student Engagement, Student Choice, and Teacher Feedback. These five facets provide a framework for aligning our design efforts with the needs of students and teachers, also drawing upon research in data analytics for education.
Field testing of low-cost particulate matter sensors for Digital Twin applications in nanomanufacturing processes
Authors: Lopez de Ipiña Jesus M. , Lopez Alberto , Gazulla Alejandro , Aznar Gabriel , Belosi Franco , Koivisto Joonas , Seddon Richard , Durałek Paweł , Vavouliotis Antonios , Koutsoukis Grigorios , Lopez de Ipiña Karmele , Florez Sonia , Costa Anna
Published: January 2024

The EU-project ASINA is testing Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors (LCPMS) for industrial monitoring of the concentration of airborne particles, with the purpose of integrating this sensor technology within the data collection layer of Digital Twins (DTs) for manufacturing.

This paper shows the results of field performance evaluations carried out with five LCPMS from different manufacturers (Alphasense OPC-N3, Plantower 9003, Sensirion SPS30, Sensirion SEN55 and Tera Sensor NetxPM), during several field sampling campaigns, conducted in four pre-commercial and commercial pilot lines (PLs) that manufacture nano-enabled products, belonging to the ASINA and OASIS H2020 EU-projects [2,28]. Field tests consisted of deploying LCPMS in manufacturing process, measuring in parallel with collocated reference and informative instruments (OPS TSI 3330/CPC TSI 3007), to enable intercomparison.

The results show the complexity and differential response of the LCPMS depending on the characteristics of the monitored scenario (PL). Overall, they exhibit uneven precision and linearity and significant bias, so their use in industrial digital systems without proper calibration can lead to uncertain and biased measurements. In this sense, simple linear models are not able to capture the complexity of the problem (non-linear systems) and advanced calibration schemes (e.g. based on machine learning), applied “scenario by scenario” and in operating conditions as close as possible to the final application, are suggested to achieve reliable measurements with the LCPMS.
Microwave-based CO2 desorption for enhanced direct air capture: experimental validation and techno-economic perspectives
Authors: Lim Tae Hwan , Foster John E , Ellis Brian R , Skerlos Steven J
Published: January 2024

This study explores the feasibility and potential techno-economic advantages of employing microwaves for direct air capture (DAC) applications. The experimental setup resembles an industrial-scale microwave system, utilizing a single-mode applicator and zeolite 13x beads arranged in a panel configuration. This configuration essentially represents a miniaturized version of a potential DAC plant based on microwaves. The results demonstrate that microwave irradiation rapidly and efficiently desorbs the CO2 from sorbents with approximately 90% desorption achieved in 10 min—substantially shorter than conventional conduction-based methods. The desorption process occurred at a low temperature of about 50 °C, in contrast to nearly 120 °C in conventional bulk heating, due to selective heating near CO2 binding sites. Our results support that desorption duration and temperature could be further reduced by applying more uniform heating while intensifying the selective process. Based on our research and recent literature, we propose three key techno-economic advantages of designing a DAC system with microwaves that are unattainable by the conventional approach. A reduced regeneration time could allow for a more compact system design while maintaining throughput. The selectivity of microwave absorption could drastically reduce energy demand, bringing it close to the sorbent’s thermodynamic energy limits. Furthermore, the low-temperature process could inhibit the thermal degradation of amines on the sorbents, which is unavoidable in conventional processes. Potential resonant CO2 desorption by forming nonthermal plasma (NTP) is discussed. Our research highlights the feasibility and significance of employing advanced regeneration methods in the development of next-generation DAC systems.
Assessment of energy gain in SPV Tree structure with bifacial PV modules in Rajasthan
Authors: Vyas Maharshi , Chowdhury Sumit , Verma Abhishek , Jain V. K.
Published: January 2024

With the rising use of renewable energy generation sources, there is a need for dependable and sustainable measuring techniques to monitor and measure the performance of the energy sources. Existing guidelines and standards for measurement of performance of PV modules are specified only for monofacial PV modules, in which the measurement of irradiance falling on the PV module is irrespective of the ground-clearance or mounting height up to a certain extent. With reference to techno-commercial aspects, the pitch in a ground-mounted power plant is set based on how optimum energy generation can be obtained with minimum land utilization. In case of bifacial PV modules, generation gain can be achieved by varying the ground-clearance/mounting height of the modules as the energy generation depends on the irradiance on both front as well as back side of the module. In this research study, the authors have compared field measurements of energy gained by varying the ground-clearance of bifacial PV modules by using bifacial PV modules in a novel structure of SPV Tree. The simulation and practical results show that the energy gain increases up to 3.5% in Marigold SPV Tree structure as the mounting height is 4 m, contrary to a conventional ground-mounted structure with mounting height 0.5 m from the ground.
DSSC Fundamentals and Optimization Materials :A Review
Authors: Singh Palvinder , Sachdeva Amit
Published: January 2024

Recently, researchers are focusing on renewable energy sources such as wind energy, Hydro-thermal energy, and solar energy. In this research article DSSC fundamentals and optimized materials are discussed and compared. The maximum efficiency reported by the researcher is 12% using Ru (II) dyes. The efficiency of DSSC depends on the various factors such as working electrode material, counter electrode material, dye used in preparation of solar cell are discussed. The simplest technique used for fabrication of DSSC solar cell is doctor blade method also discussed in this review article.
Performance evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources based grid connected system considering Unified Power Flow Controller
Authors: Mounika S , sharma Himanshu , Balakrishna A
Published: January 2024

The quality of power is a major concern for the utilities and the power industries. Since the 1980’s, the term power quality has become a very prevalent one. There are various factors that affect the power quality, such as sag, swell, and power factor variation. The main cause of these issues is the use of non-linear loads. In a RES based grid-connected system, harmonics variation is one of the main issues that can affect the quality of power. Hence to address this in this paper Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is proposed for the grid connected system. Many papers were proposed with the various FACTS devices but the performance of the proposed system exhibits a better one. In this paper application of UPFC is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink on test cases of wind-based grid connected system and PV based grid connected system. The performance of the proposed UPFC is compared with conventional Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In all the cases the proposed UPFC exhibits the improved performance. This ensures the reduction in the harmonics in the power system in future.
Enhancing Electric Vehicle Performance: A Co-Relation Study of Key Performance Parameters
Authors: Madheshiya Pankaj , Maurya Arun Kumar , Rai Anil Kumar
Published: January 2024

The urgent issues of greenhouse gases and global warming have drawn more attention globally. The adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) technology has altered the transportation industry and progressively decreased the market share of fossil fuel-powered automobiles as a crucial step to solve these pressing concerns. EVs provide emissions-free mobility since they run on chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs. These Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) can recover kinetic energy lost while braking by utilizing regenerative braking technology, further boosting their environmental friendliness. Performance has significantly improved as a result of manufacturer’s ongoing advances to EV technology. The effectiveness of regenerative braking and battery capacity are two critical performance factors for EVs that have a substantial impact on their total performance. A thorough examination of key performance metrics and their connection becomes essential for achieving additional improvement. Industries use simulation tools for evaluation, but they frequently ignore the intricate relationship between many performance-influencing factors. In order to address this, we provide a Co-Relation research study on a number of commercially available electric vehicles, concentrating on the battery capacity, power, driving range, and pick-up as the key performance aspect. We determine the Co-Relation between these factors using Karl Pearson Co-Relation coefficient, which offers important insights regarding EV performance. The findings of this research will be a useful tool for EV makers, promoting a better knowledge of parametric connection and assisting them in optimizing the performance of their EV model. Additionally, the finding of post-sale analysis of performance indicators may provide crucial confirmation for the results of simulation. This study helps direct to the automobile sector toward a future that is more efficient and sustainable.
Integrated Decision Support System for Flood Disaster Management with Sustainable Implementation
Authors: William P. , Oyebode Oluwadare Joshua , Sharma Aman , Garg Nikhil , Shrivastava Anurag , Rao ALN
Published: January 2024

Emergency management of a flood catastrophe should involve not only an immediate reaction to the flooding but also the pre-flood disaster phase, the flood disaster phase, and the post-flood disaster phase. This is in addition to the immediate response to the flooding. This research investigates whether or not a decision support system (DSS) for flood emergency management is necessary and whether or not it is feasible. Previously, we presented a model for the development of modular disaster management decision support systems. The prior work that we did on the integration of DSS model decomposition-derived modular subroutines is expanded upon in this research. The act of merging many models into a single comprehensive logical model is referred to as “Observed and Forecasted.” After that, it offers a systematic framework for handling crises throughout the whole of the process, and it concludes with an in-depth analysis of the function architecture of each application subsystem. In this work, we create a disaster management metamodel with the goal of eventually building a disaster management (DM) language. It will function as a representational layer of DM data that, over time, will create a system for DM decision support that mixes and matches various DM actions in line with the evolution of the disaster as it develops. A decision support system that will contain an innovative metamodel as a core component will be developed in order to accomplish the aims of integrating, enabling, and accelerating access to DM information. These objectives will be reached via the creation of a decision support system.
Precision Agriculture Model for Farm Irrigation using Machine Learning to Optimize Water Usage
Authors: Patil S B , Kulkarni R B , Patil S S , Kharade P A
Published: January 2024

The food demand is ever increasing each year and to meet this demand precision agricultural approach using machine learning tools play an important role. Precision irrigation systems integrate cutting-edge technologies, such as sensors, controllers, data analytics and internet, to achieve sustainability in agriculture and maximize water use so as to improve crop production while minimizing water wastage and climate impact. The main purpose of this article is to find out the precise water requirements for a particular area of the land by using soil moisture sensors. These sensors provide real-time data that is transmitted to a central control unit, which utilizes data driven algorithms to analyze moisture levels in the soil and controls the water supply. Furthermore, the model developed offers remote monitoring and control capabilities, enabling farmers to access and manage the system from anywhere using mobile or web application. This feature allows farmers to remotely adjust irrigation schedules, receive real-time alerts and notifications, and track water consumption, promoting convenient and efficient management of water resources. Thus by using effective water management techniques such as precision irrigation, controlling the water quality, will accomplish optimizing water usage and intern optimizes the yield.
Solar Tracking for Automation of Irrigation System
Authors: Rao D S Naga Malleswara , Sireesha N Venkata , Arjun G , Sami MD Abdul , Gangadhar S Rama , Vihal T , Kumar Devineni Gireesh
Published: January 2024

Solar energy is considered the most important form of renewable energy resource, as the sun is the main source of energy for our planet Earth. Solar tracking makes sure the sun’s rays are always projected at an angle perpendicular to the solar panel. The main aim of our project is to increase the quantity of energy generated from the solar panel by using an automated Solar tracking system to capture the maximum radiation of the sun i.e., the maximum intensity of the sun’s rays. Our proposed system consists of the development of an automated water pumping system with the help of solar tracking. The proposed method increases efficiency. The power generated from a solar panel is stored in a battery and the power is sent to the water pump only when the soil is dry, this happens with the help of a soil moisture sensor. The solar panel rotates with the help of a DC motor and light-dependent resistor sensors. This is a low-cost project with the embedded system to produce electrical energy from the solar panels by using a microcontroller and sensors light-dependent resistors, where the power required for the automation of the tracking system and the working of the microcontroller is given by the electrical energy which is produced from the sun itself. In rural areas where there are several power cuts, this project can be very useful for the supply of water where the required power is given to the motor from the battery which is charged by the solar panel from its maximum intensity of light which can be tracked by the tracking system.
Thirty Years of Climate and Land-Cover Change and its Effects on Tourism Resources in Valley of Flower National Park
Authors: Bhattacharya Uma , Singh Amandeep , Jolly Rajesh
Published: January 2024

This study investigates how the physical and scenic components of trekking in Vally of Flower National Park are affected by observed variations in rainfall, temperature, and land cover. The impact analysis is structured on a hazard-activity pairs method, which combines factors of environmental change (such as greater temperatures) with tourism activities (like trekking and sightseeing). The findings imply that warmer temperatures and less rain have decreased the chances of landslides, rock falls, and mountain sickness, and also enhanced the physical conditions for trekking. It is now possible to enjoy more flowers and greenery while witnessing fewer animals, waterfalls, and snow due to changes in land cover. In the short term, the melting snow may encourage “last chance tourism,” boosting travel, but over time, the disappearance of the snow and the destruction of the forest will probably lead to a decline in tourism. The research concludes that the most viable strategy for reducing losses is the efficient management of the attractions in the developing heathlands.