bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal spatiotemporal effort allocation for invasive species removal incorporating a removal handling time and budget
Authors: Baker Christopher M. , Diele Fasma , Marangi Carmela , Martiradonna Angela , Ragni Stefania
Published: October 2018

Improving strategies for the control and eradication of invasive species is an important aspect of nature conservation, an aspect where mathematical modeling and optimization play an important role. In this paper, we introduce a reaction‐diffusion partial differential equation to model the spatiotemporal dynamics of an invasive species, and we use optimal control theory to solve for optimal management, while implementing a budget constraint. We perform an analytical study of the model properties, including the well‐posedness of the problem. We apply this to two hypothetical but realistic problems involving plant and animal invasive species. This allows us to determine the optimal space and time allocation of the efforts, as well as the final length of the removal program so as to reach the local extinction of the species.
Inflation Sensitivity To Monetary Policy: What Has Changed since the Early 1980s?
Authors: Pancrazi Roberto , Vukotić Marija
Published: October 2018

Have conventional monetary policy instruments maintained the same ability to accommodate undesirable effects of shocks throughout the postwar period? Or has the changed economic environment characterizing the last 30 years diminished the sensitivity of macroeconomic volatility to systematic changes in the conduct of monetary policy? The answer is no to the first question and, consequently, yes to the second question. We estimate a medium‐scale New‐Keynesian model in two subsamples, 1955–79 and 1984–2012, and find that the sensitivity of inflation variance to changes in conventional monetary policy has declined. We document that the changed properties of the labour market largely contributed to this decline.
Thinking about feeling: Using trait emotional intelligence in understanding the associations between early maladaptive schemas and coping styles
Authors: Ke Tianyuan , Barlas Joanna
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Maladaptive interpersonal schemas can trigger distressing emotions and drive dysfunctional behaviour that leads to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and perpetuates the original maladaptive schemas. This study sought to identify patterns of association between trait emotional intelligence (TEI), early maladaptive schemas (EMS), and coping styles in a non‐clinical sample. Emotionality profiles were hypothesized to be associated with EMS severity and poorer coping, as early experiences can shape an individual's self‐perceptions through reinforcement by maladaptive responses.

Design

Cross‐sectional study with 142 undergraduate students.

Methods

We obtained self‐reports of TEI, coping styles, and EMS.

Results

Disengagement coping was strongly correlated with EMS severity (r = .565, p < .01). TEI was negatively correlated with EMS (r = −.660, p < .01) and Disengagement (r = −.405, p < .01). Emotionality, Impaired Autonomy, and Overvigilance partially mediated the relationship between Disconnection and Emotion‐Focused Disengagement. Self‐Control fully mediated the relationship between Impaired Limits and Problem‐Focused Disengagement.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that lower TEI is associated with the likelihood for maladaptive coping in response to EMS. The preference for certain coping styles associated with a particular domain of EMS may be explained by an individual's perceived metacognitive ability to regulate their stress and emotions. When individuals’ needs for love, safety, and acceptance from others are not met, there might be poorer perceived self‐efficacies in Emotionality and the tendency to cope through emotional avoidance. Individuals with difficulties establishing internal limits are more likely to respond with problem avoidance, possibly due to deficient distress tolerance. Longitudinal studies with a clinical population are warranted to replicate these findings.

Practitioner points

Clinicians will likely find it helpful to consider their clients’ TEI to facilitate more individualized formulation and treatment planning, by considering whether related emotional regulation problems might be innate or a deficit in skills

Implies the need to do more basic emotional regulation work to supplement and strengthen the established imagery work in schema therapy (ST).
Cell‐specific Retention and Action of Pheophorbide‐based Photosensitizers in Human Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Tracy Erin C. , Bowman Mary‐Jo , Pandey Ravendra K. , Baumann Heinz
Published: October 2018

This study determined in primary cultures of human lung cancer cells the cell specificity of chlorin‐based photosensitizers. Epithelial cells (ECs) preferentially retained 3‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinylpyropheophorbide‐a (HPPH) and related structural variants. Tumor‐associated fibroblasts (Fb) differ from EC by a higher efflux rate of HPPH. Immunoblot analyses indicated dimerization of STAT3 as a reliable biomarker of the photoreaction. Compared to mitochondria/ER‐localized photoreaction by HPPH, the photoreaction by lysosomally targeted HPPH‐lactose showed a trend toward lower STAT3 cross‐linking. Lethal consequence of the photoreaction differed between EC and Fb with the latter cells being more resistant. A survey of lung tumor cases indicated a large quantitative range by which EC retains HPPH. The specificity of HPPH retention defined in vitro could be confirmed in vivo in selected cases grown as xenografts. HPPH retention as a function of the tetrapyrrole structure was evaluated by altering side groups on the porphyrin macrocycle. The presence or absence of a carboxylic acid at position 172 proved to be critical. A benzyl group at position 20 enhanced retention in a subset of cancer cells with low HPPH binding. This study indicated experimental tools that are potentially effective in defining the photosensitizer preference and application for individual patient's cancer lesions.
Modulational instability in a full‐dispersion shallow water model
Authors: Hur Vera Mikyoung , Pandey Ashish Kumar
Published: October 2018

We propose a shallow water model that combines the dispersion relation of water waves and Boussinesq equations, and that extends the Whitham equation to permit bidirectional propagation. We show that its sufficiently small and periodic traveling wave is spectrally unstable to long wavelength perturbations if the wave number is greater than a critical value, like the Benjamin‐Feir instability of a Stokes wave. We verify that the associated linear operator possesses infinitely many collisions of purely imaginary eigenvalues, but they do not contribute to instability to the leading order in the amplitude parameter. We discuss the effects of surface tension. The results agree with those from a formal asymptotic expansion and a numerical computation for the physical problem.
The Importance of Social Groups for Retirement Adjustment: Evidence, Application, and Policy Implications of the Social Identity Model of Identity Change
Authors: Haslam Catherine , Steffens Niklas K. , Branscombe Nyla R. , Haslam S. Alexander , Cruwys Tegan , Lam Ben C. P. , Pachana Nancy A. , Yang Jie
Published: October 2018

Previous work in the social identity tradition suggests that adjustment to significant life changes, both positive (e.g., becoming a new parent) and negative (e.g., experiencing a stroke), can be supported by access to social group networks. This is the basis for the social identity model of identity change (SIMIC), which argues that, in the context of life transitions, well‐being and adjustment are enhanced to the extent that people are able to maintain preexisting social group memberships that are important to them or else acquire new ones. Building on empirical work that has examined these issues in the context of a variety of life transitions, we outline the relevance of SIMIC for one particular life transition: retiring from work. We identify four key lessons that speak to the importance of managing social group resources effectively during the transition to retirement from the workforce. These suggest that adjustment to retirement is enhanced to the extent that retirees: (1) can access multiple important group memberships and the psychological resources they provide, (2) maintain positive and valued existing groups, and (3) develop meaningful new groups, (4) providing they are compatible with one another. This theory and empirical evidence is used to introduce a new social intervention, Groups 4 Health, that translates SIMIC's lessons into practice. This program aims to guide people through the process of developing and embedding their social group ties in ways that protect their health and well‐being in periods of significant life change of the form experienced by many people as they transition into retirement.
Finding Common Ground: Synthesizing Divergent Theoretical Views to Promote Women's STEM Pursuits
Authors: Diekman Amanda B. , Clark Emily K. , Belanger Aimee L.
Published: October 2018

Numerous theories seek to explain gender gaps in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and the literature on social and motivational factors implicated in women's STEM pursuits is burgeoning. We contend that a next‐generation strategy is needed to translate multiple and complex theories to practice: We focus on the overlap of multiple social psychological theories to propose common‐ground strategies to foster women's interest and participation in STEM. Building upon the foundational work of lone‐theory approaches is a next‐generation intervention approach that identifies where different theories have common ground—that is, where a particular intervention strategy might capitalize on multiple psychological mechanisms to yield benefit. We focus in particular on theories relevant to two incongruities that contribute to the gender gap in STEM: the incongruity between women and STEM (discussed in theories about stereotyping/discrimination, social identity, and stereotype threat), and the incongruity between STEM and student values (discussed in theories about expectancy‐value, goal congruity, and work‐family conflict). Three core strategies encompass multiple mechanisms described from these scientific frameworks, and these form the basis for intervention tactics: (1) Challenge stereotypes; (2) Align STEM activities with students’ values; (3) Cultivate growth mindsets related to STEM ability. We outline opportunities for structural change within educational and occupational settings that can enhance and sustain interest.
How Distress Tolerance Mediates the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Constructs in a U.S. Military Sample
Authors: Martin Rachel L. , Bauer Brian W. , Ramsey Kathleen L. , Green Bradley A. , Capron Daniel W. , Anestis Michael D.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Despite the general suicide rate within the military being comparable to the general population when comparing peers, there are certain branches of the military that have elevated risk. Specifically, the U.S. National Guard has suicide rates that are constantly higher than other military branches and civilian peers. The National Guard are a unique military population in which they frequently transition between military and civilian life. With these unique experiences and heightened risk, military suicide prevention efforts may benefit from further research within this population. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is another concern amongst military personnel and has been linked to suicidal behavior.

Methods

The current study examined the indirect effects that distress tolerance, a protective factor against suicide, has on the relationship between PTSD and constructs within a well‐validated theory for suicide (the Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory for suicidal behaviors) in a sample of U.S. Army National Guard personnel.

Results

Results indicated that distress tolerance had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between PTSD and thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with previous literature examining the relationship between distress tolerance and our outcome variables. These results could have important clinical implications, mainly that intervention strategies targeting distress tolerance could have significant impacts on suicide‐relate thoughts.
Motivating empathy: Three methodological recommendations for mapping empathy
Authors: Cameron C. Daryl
Published: October 2018

Empathy has received much attention in psychology, philosophy, and neuroscience. In this article, I first discuss a motivated emotion regulation approach to empathy, outlining some recent advances in motivated empathy. I then discuss how this approach can advance three questions about empathy: (1) How should we assess the boundaries between empathy and other states? (2) How should we assess empathic ability and empathic propensity? and (3) How should we assess automatic and controlled propensities to empathize? In each case, I suggest that the motivated emotion regulation approach can suggest methodological innovations to reframe these questions and outline recommendations for advancing the science of empathy.
Neural mechanisms underlying interpersonal coordination: A review of hyperscanning research
Authors: Mu Yan , Cerritos Cindy , Khan Fatima
Published: October 2018

The ability to coordinate our behaviors with those of others is crucial for our success as individuals and groups. There are many forms of interpersonal coordination where a group of individuals need to coordinate their attention, actions, minds, or speech to achieve a mutual goal. In the present paper, we review previous hyperscanning research on the neural mechanisms underlying a variety of interpersonal coordination. Then we highlight how social and cultural factors modulate the interbrain mechanisms of interpersonal coordination. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of exciting future directions that await investigation from a cultural neuroscience perspective.
Discharge summary training curriculum: a novel approach to training medical students how to write effective discharge summaries
Authors: Ming David , Zietlow Kahli , Song Yao , Lee Hui‐Jie , Clay Alison
Published: October 2018

Background

Resident physicians at teaching hospitals write many discharge summaries (DCSs), but receive little formal training or feedback. Poor DCS quality poses a potential patient safety risk.

Methods

We developed a curriculum to train fourth‐year medical students (MS4s) how to write DCSs and integrated this curriculum into a transition‐to‐residency course. An inpatient attending physician (IPA) and non‐inpatient physician (coach) used structured tools to assess for the presence of key elements within the DCS, evaluate the overall quality of the DCS, and judge the student's progression towards entrustable professional activities and transitional year milestones. We identified overall areas of weakness and correlated scores between IPAs and coaches. Improvements in student knowledge and DCS writing confidence were determined using pre‐ and post‐curriculum surveys.

Results

Of 102 eligible students, 78 completed the assignment, 61 wrote a new DCS and 17 reviewed previously written DCSs. Patient condition at discharge was missing in more than 20.0% of DCSs. Coaches were less likely than IPAs to assess students as entrustable (58.3% versus 95.8%; p = 0.0027). IPAs assigned higher overall quality ratings than coaches (8.0 versus 6.0 out of 10.0, p< 0.0001). Post‐intervention, 82.2% of students reported they learned how to write high‐quality DCSs and 93.3% of students reported they would change the way they write DCSs.

Conclusions

Graduating medical students have limited skill and comfort in writing DCSs. Structured training on how to write DCSs before postgraduate residency training is a key step towards ultimately improving transitions of care. Training should teach learners to write high‐quality DCSs that serve the needs of both inpatient and outpatient providers.

Resident physicians at teaching hospitals are expected to independently author [discharge summaries] DCSs, yet few receive formal training
Interleukin‐33 encourages scar formation in murine fetal skin wounds
Authors: Wulff Brian C. , Pappa Nicholas K. , Wilgus Traci A.
Published: October 2018

The magnitude of the inflammatory response after skin injury is important for determining whether wounds in developing fetal skin will heal scarlessly (minimal inflammation) or with prominent scars (robust inflammation). One class of inflammatory mediators gaining attention for their role in wound inflammation is alarmins. In the current study, the alarmin interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) was examined in a mouse model of fetal wound healing. IL‐33 expression was elevated in scar‐forming embryonic day 18 wounds compared to scarless embryonic day 15 wounds. Furthermore, injection of IL‐33 into embryonic day 15 wounds caused scarring when wounds were analyzed at 7 days postwounding. The introduction of IL‐33 into embryonic day 15 wounds did not induce statistically significant changes in the number of neutrophils, mast cells, or macrophages in vivo. However, IL‐33 treatment enhanced collagen expression in cultured fibroblasts derived from adult and fetal murine skin, suggesting that IL‐33 may directly stimulate fibroblasts. In vitro studies suggested that the stimulation of collagen production by IL‐33 in fibroblasts was partially dependent on NF‐κB activation. Overall, the data suggest an association between IL‐33 and scar formation in fetal wounds.
Hubungan Antara Emosi Malu Tehadap Gaya Pertautan dan Motivasi Pencapaian Dalam kalangan Pelajar: Satu Kajian Meta Analisis
Authors: Kamis Baharuddin Mohamad , Mohamad Ashari Zakiah
Published: October 2018

Shame emotion is a factor that contributes to student’s attachment style and the declination and increment of their achievement motivation to succeed. Shame is an emotion that is significant among students especially during their school years which is the period before they enrolling in a university. This will effect their attachement style either towards their parents, teachers or peers and and will have an impact on the level of motivation of students achieving what they want in the academic field.Therefore, this study aims to identify the elements in the relationship between shame emotions on the style of achievement and achievement motivation among students based on past studies through meta analysis techniques.After qualitative analysis, there are two recognizable relationships which are the relationship between shame emotion with attachment styles and shame emotions with achievement motivation.
Frequency bands for ultrasound, suitable for the consideration of its health effects
Authors: Duck Francis , Leighton Timothy
Published: October 2018

It is proposed that the ultrasound frequency spectrum should be divided into three bands in order to facilitate a more rational assessment of its health effects. Whilst statement of the frequencies at the borders of these bands facilitates their definition, it is recognized that these observables vary continuously with frequency and consequently these border frequencies should not be used to rule out the possibility of a given effect occurring. The lowest band, US(A), lies between 17.8 and 500 kHz. In this band acoustic cavitation and its associated forces form the dominant process resulting in biological effects in liquids and soft tissues, whereas health effects from airborne ultrasound have been reported but are far less researched. In the middle band, US(B), between 500 kHz and 100 MHz, temperature rise in tissues becomes the most important biological effect of exposure. The highest band, US(C), covers frequencies above 100 MHz, for which the radiation force becomes an increasingly important biophysical mechanism. A justification for the selection of 17.8 kHz in preference to any other threshold for the lower frequency limit for ultrasound is given.
Uncertainty analysis on free-field reciprocity calibration of measurement microphones for airborne ultrasound
Authors: Takahashi Hironobu , Horiuchi Ryuzo
Published: October 2018

Airborne ultrasound has been used for various purposes, including object detection and pest repellent systems. Recently, it has been used in haptic technology for virtual reality. The safety of exposure to airborne ultrasound has been studied as its use has increased. Although airborne ultrasound cannot be directly perceived by humans, some research has found that exposure to very high sound pressure levels can harm the human body. Thus, quantitative characterization of airborne ultrasound is essential. To contribute to the safe use of airborne ultrasound, this paper established the acoustic standards in Japan in terms of sound pressure from 20 to 100 kHz. This paper evaluates the measurement uncertainty in the free-field reciprocity calibration of quarter-inch condenser microphones, following the document “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement,” and describes a few significant uncertainty components, such as deviation from the plane sound field. As a result, it is realized that the expanded uncertainty of 0.3–0.7 dB in a frequency range from 20 to 100 kHz.
Tracking the dynamic representation of consonants from auditory periphery to cortex
Authors: Sankaran Narayan , Swaminathan Jayaganesh , Micheyl Christophe , Kalluri Sridhar , Carlile Simon
Published: October 2018

In order to perceive meaningful speech, the auditory system must recognize different phonemes amidst a noisy and variable acoustic signal. To better understand the processing mechanisms underlying this ability, evoked cortical responses to different spoken consonants were measured with electroencephalography (EEG). Using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), binary classifiers attempted to discriminate between the EEG activity evoked by two given consonants at each peri-stimulus time sample, providing a dynamic measure of their cortical dissimilarity. To examine the relationship between representations at the auditory periphery and cortex, MVPA was also applied to modelled auditory-nerve (AN) responses of consonants, and time-evolving AN-based and EEG-based dissimilarities were compared with one another. Cortical dissimilarities between consonants were commensurate with their articulatory distinctions, particularly their manner of articulation, and to a lesser extent, their voicing. Furthermore, cortical distinctions between consonants in two periods of activity, centered at 130 and 400 ms after onset, aligned with their peripheral dissimilarities in distinct onset and post-onset periods, respectively. In relating speech representations across articulatory, peripheral, and cortical domains, the understanding of crucial transformations in the auditory pathway underlying the ability to perceive speech is advanced.
A new mathematical model to explore microbial processes and their constraints in phytoplankton colonies and sinking marine aggregates
Authors: Moradi Nasrollah , Liu Bo , Iversen Morten , Kuypers Marcel M. , Ploug Helle , Khalili Arzhang
Published: October 2018

New mathematical model explains physical-biological coupling of processes occurring within sinking aggregates in the ocean.
Universal intracellular biomolecule delivery with precise dosage control
Authors: Cao Y. , Chen H. , Qiu R. , Hanna M. , Ma E. , Hjort M. , Zhang A. , Lewis R. S. , Wu J. C. , Melosh N. A.
Published: October 2018

We demonstrate quantitatively controlled delivery of DNA, mRNA, and protein into primary cells using nanostraw electroporation.
Do slow slip events trigger large and great megathrust earthquakes?
Authors: Voss N. , Dixon T. H. , Liu Z. , Malservisi R. , Protti M. , Schwartz S.
Published: October 2018

A slow slip event in Costa Rica migrated toward the hypocenter of a large megathrust earthquake, possibly triggering the event.
Mass spectrometry imaging of the in situ drug release from nanocarriers
Authors: Xue Jinjuan , Liu Huihui , Chen Suming , Xiong Caiqiao , Zhan Lingpeng , Sun Jie , Nie Zongxiu
Published: October 2018

Novel label-free MSI strategy was developed for evaluation of the in situ drug release of nanocarriers in sub-organ level.
Multiple modes of PRC2 inhibition elicit global chromatin alterations in H3K27M pediatric glioma
Authors: Stafford James M. , Lee Chul-Hwan , Voigt Philipp , Descostes Nicolas , Saldaña-Meyer Ricardo , Yu Jia-Ray , Leroy Gary , Oksuz Ozgur , Chapman Jessica R. , Suarez Fernando , Modrek Aram S. , Bayin N. Sumru , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Karajannis Matthias A. , Snuderl Matija , Ueberheide Beatrix , Reinberg Danny
Published: October 2018

H3K27M transiently recruits PRC2 to chromatin but persistently affects its activity, leading to an aberrant epigenome in DIPG.
High-throughput screening for selective appetite modulators: A multibehavioral and translational drug discovery strategy
Authors: Jordi Josua , Guggiana-Nilo Drago , Bolton Andrew D , Prabha Srishti , Ballotti Kaitlyn , Herrera Kristian , Rennekamp Andrew J. , Peterson Randall T. , Lutz Thomas A. , Engert Florian
Published: October 2018

Large-scale chemical and multibehavioral profiling identifies previously unknown potent and specific appetite modulators.
16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Data Set-Based Bacterial Diversity in a Water-Soil Sample from Pangong Tso Lake, a High-Altitude Grassland Lake of the Northwest Himalayas
Authors: Bisht Garima , Sourirajan Anuradha , Baumler David J. , Dev Kamal
Published: October 2018

We report here 16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity existing during freezing conditions in a high-altitude Himalayan lake through sequencing a 16S rRNA gene amplicon data set. A total of 121,857 high-quality reads were obtained; 40.78% of the bacterial population was classified to the genus level, while 1.26% was classified to the species level.
Complete Genome Sequence of Vibrio coralliilyticus RE22, a Marine Bacterium Pathogenic toward Larval Shellfish
Authors: Richards Gary P. , Kingham Brewster F. , Shevchenko Olga , Watson Michael A. , Needleman David S.
Published: October 2018

Vibrio coralliilyticus
RE22 is an indigenous marine pathogen that infects larval bivalve shellfish. This strain is particularly problematic in oyster hatcheries, where it causes high larval mortality.
Determining the effect of low-dose isotretinoin on proliferative vitreoretinopathy: the DELIVER trial
Authors: London Nikolas J S , Kaiser Richard S , Khan Mohammed Ali , Alshareef Rayan A , Khuthaila Mohammed , Shahlaee Abtin , Obeid Anthony , London Vanessa A , DeCroos Francis Char , Gupta Omesh P , Hsu Jason , Vander James F , Spirn Marc J , Regillo Carl D
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To examine the effect of low-dose, oral isotretinoin in lowering the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.

Methods

Prospective, open label, dual-cohort study with pathology-matched historical controls. The prospective experimental arms included two cohorts, composed of 51 eyes with recurrent PVR-related RRD and 58 eyes with primary RRD associated with high-risk features for developing PVR. Eyes in the experimental arms received 20 mg of isotretinoin by mouth once daily for 12 weeks starting the day after surgical repair. The primary outcome measure was single surgery anatomical success rate at 3 months following the study surgery.

Results

The single surgery anatomic success rate was 78.4% versus 70.0% (p=0.358) in eyes with recurrent PVR-related retinal detachment exposed to isotretinoin versus historical controls, respectively. In eyes with RRD at high risk for developing PVR, the single surgery success rate was 84.5% versus 61.1% (p=0.005) for eyes exposed to isotretinoin versus historical controls, respectively. For eyes enrolled in the experimental arms, the most common isotretinoin-related side effects were dry skin/mucus membranes in 106 patients (97.2%), abnormal sleep/dreams in 4 patients (3.7%) and fatigue in 3 patients (2.8%).

Conclusion

The management and prevention of PVR is challenging and complex. At the dose and duration given in this study, oral istotretinoin may reduce the risk of PVR-associated recurrent retinal detachment in eyes with primary RRD at high risk of developing PVR.
TADAFER II: Tadalafil treatment for fetal growth restriction - a study protocol for a multicenter randomised controlled phase II trial
Authors: Umekawa Takashi , Maki Shintaro , Kubo Michiko , Tanaka Hiroaki , Nii Masafumi , Tanaka Kayo , Osato Kazuhiro , Kamimoto Yuki , Tamaru Satoshi , Ogura Toru , Nishimura Yuki , Kodera Mayumi , Minamide Chisato , Nishikawa Masakatsu , Endoh Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi , Kotani Tomomi , Nakamura Masamitsu , Sekizawa Akihiko , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: October 2018

Introduction

There is no proven therapy to reverse or ameliorate fetal growth restriction (FGR). Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has been reported to potentially play a therapeutic role in FGR, but this has not been established. Tadalafil is also a selective PDE5 inhibitor. We have demonstrated the efficacy of tadalafil against FGR along with short-term outcomes and the feasibility of tadalafil treatment. Based on the hypothesis that tadalafil will safely increase the likelihood of increased fetal growth in FGR, we designed this phase II study to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil against FGR.

Methods and analysis

This study is a multicentre, randomised controlled phase II trial. A total of 140 fetuses with FGR will be enrolled from medical centres in Japan. Fetuses will be randomised to receive either the conventional management for FGR or a once-daily treatment with 20 mg of tadalafil along with the conventional management until delivery. The primary endpoint is fetal growth velocity from the first day of the protocol-defined treatment to birth (g/day). To minimise bias in terms of fetal baseline conditions and timing of delivery, a fetal indication for delivery was established in this study. The investigator will evaluate fetal baseline conditions at enrolment and will decide the timing of delivery based on this fetal indication. Infants will be followed up for development until 1.5 years of age.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Mie University Hospital and each participating institution. Our findings will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

UMIN000023778.
Study protocol for investigating the impact of community home modification services on hospital utilisation for fall injuries: a controlled longitudinal study using data linkage
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Akbari Ashley , Fry Richard , Watkins Alan , Berridge Damon , Clegg Andy , Hillcoat-Nalletamby Sarah , Williams Neil , Lyons Ronan , Mizen Amy , Walters Angharad , Johnson Rhodri , Rodgers Sarah
Published: October 2018

Introduction

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of home adaptations, both in preventing hospital admissions due to falls for older people, and improving timely discharge. Results will provide evidence for services at the interface between health and social care, informing policies seeking to promote healthy ageing through prudent healthcare and fall prevention.

Methods and analysis

All individuals living in Wales, UK, aged 60 years and over, will be included in the study using anonymised linked data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. We will use a national database of home modifications implemented by the charity organisation Care & Repair Cymru (C&R) from 2009 to 2017 to define an intervention cohort. We will use the electronic Frailty Index to assign individual levels of frailty (fit, mild, moderate or severe) and use these to create a comparator group (non-C&R) of people who have not received a C&R intervention. Coprimary outcomes will be quarterly numbers of emergency hospital admissions attributed to falls at home, and the associated length of stay. Secondary outcomes include the time in moving to a care home following a fall, and the indicative financial costs of care for individuals who had a fall. We will use appropriate multilevel generalised linear models to analyse the number of hospital admissions related to falls. We will use Cox proportional hazard models to compare the length of stay for fall-related hospital admissions and the time in moving to a care home between the C&R and non-C&R cohorts. We will assess the impact per frailty group, correct for population migration and adjust for confounding variables. Indicative costs will be calculated using financial codes for individual-level hospital stays. Results will provide evidence for services at the interface between health and social care, informing policies seeking to promote healthy ageing through prudent healthcare and prevention.

Ethics and dissemination

Information governance requirements for the use of record-linked data have been approved and only anonymised data will be used in our analysis. Our results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. We will also work with lay members and the knowledge transfer team at Swansea University to create communication and dissemination materials on key findings.
Diagnosis and management of IgG4-related disease
Authors: Hegade Vinod S , Sheridan Maria B , Huggett Matthew T
Published: October 2018

IgG subclass 4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare but increasingly recognised fibroinflammatory condition known to affect multiple organs. IgG4-RD is characterised by unique histological features of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis. In this review we describe the pancreaticobiliary manifestations of IgG4-RD, with particular emphasis on type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). AIP and IgG4-SC can pose diagnostic challenges to the clinician as they may mimic pancreatic cancer and primary sclerosing cholangitis, respectively. We discuss current knowledge, clinical diagnostic criteria and recent advances and summarise the evidence base for current therapeutic approaches for AIP and IgG4-SC.
Psychiatric disorders associated with intimate partner violence and sexual violence in Thai women: Aresult from the Thai National Mental Health Survey
Authors: Panyayong Benjaporn , Tantirangsee Nopporn , Bogoian Rudy R D ,   the Thai National Mental Health Survey Team 2013
Published: October 2018

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) occur commonly and are a violation of basic human rights. There are limited studies to date that examine the impact of IPV, SV and mental health outcomes in Thailand.

Aims

The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner physical violence and IPV in Thai women and the association between these forms of violence and psychiatric disorders.

Methods

The present study used data from a national cross-sectional, population-based, household design survey. This study analysed data from 3009 female respondents above the age of 18 who were interviewed in person using the World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview V.3.0 (WMH-CIDI 3.0). We estimated the lifetime and the 12-month period prevalence of IPV and SV, the lifetime and the past 12- month period correlation of IPV/SV with psychiatric disorders and the OR for psychiatric disorders associated with these types of violence.

Results

There was only 5.2 % of the weighted sample that reported experiencing some form of violence, including reported rates of intimate partner physical violence of 3.5% and IPV of 2.0%. Women who had experienced IPV have a lifetime prevalence for common psychiatric disorders of 28.9%, for suicidal behaviours of 12.2% and for substance use disorders of 8.8%. Women who had experienced SV have a lifetime diagnoses for common psychiatric disorders of 21.4%, for suicidal behaviours of 16.5% and for substance use disorders of 19.4%. There was a statistically significant association between IPV/SV and being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder during the past year and also during one’s lifetime.

Conclusion

The association between IPV/SV and psychiatric disorders is significant; therefore, performing a formal assessment for a history of violence in psychiatric patients is often beneficial in refining the diagnosis and treatment.
Factors associated with parent engagement in DIR/Floortime for treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Praphatthanakunwong Nattakit , Kiatrungrit Komsan , Hongsanguansri Sirichai , Nopmaneejumruslers Kaewta
Published: October 2018

Background

The Developmental, Individual-differences, Relationship-based model (DIR/Floortime) is one of the well-known therapies for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in which its main principle is to promote holistic development of an individual and relationships between the caregivers and children. Parental engagement is an essential element to DIR/Floortime treatment and involved with various factors. Finding those supporting factors and eliminating factors that might be an obstacle for parental engagement are essential for children with ASD to receive the full benefits of treatment.

Aim

To examine the association between parents, children and provider and service factors with parental engagement in DIR/Floortime treatment.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of parents with children aged 2–12 years who were diagnosed with ASD. Data were collected using a parent, child, provider and service factors questionnaire. Patient Health Questionaire-9, Clinical Global Impressions-Severity and Childhood Autism Rating Scale were also used to collect data. For parent engagement in DIR/Floortime, we evaluated quality of parental engagement in DIR/Floortime and parent application of DIR/Floortime techniques at home. Finally, Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement and Functional Emotional Developmental Level were used to assess child development.

Results

Parents who were married, had lower income and higher knowledge of DIR/Floortime theory were more likely to have higher parent engagement (χ2=4.43, p=0.035; χ2=13.1, p<0.001 and χ2=4.06, p=0.044 respectively). Furthermore, severity of the diagnosis and the continuation of the treatment significantly correlated with parent engagement (χ2=5.83, p=0.016  and χ2=4.72, p=0.030 respectively). It was found that parents who applied the techniques for more than 1  hour/day, or had a high-quality parent engagement, significantly correlated with better improvement in child development (t=−2.03, p=0.049; t=−2.00, p=0.053, respectively).

Conclusion

Factors associated with parents, children, and provider and service factors had a significant correlation with parent engagement in DIR/Floortime in which children whose parents had more engagement in DIR/Floortime techniques had better improvement in child development.
Sexual rehabilitation for cardiac patients with erectile dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Palm Pernille , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe Olsen , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Thygesen Lau Casper , Giraldi Annamaria , Jensen Karina Gregersen , Lindschou Jane , Winkel Per , Gluud Christian , Steinke Elaine , Berg Selina Kikkenborg
Published: October 2018

Background

Sexual dysfunction is common in patients with either ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and has a negative impact on quality of life. Non-pharmacological treatment options are lacking. The purpose of this trial was to assess the effect of sexual rehabilitation versus usual care for males with erectile dysfunction and either IHD and/or ICD.

Methods

Participants with erectile dysfunction and IHD and/or ICD were randomised to 12 weeks of sexual rehabilitation consisting of physical exercise training, pelvic floor exercise and psychoeducation, or usual care. Primary outcome: sexual function by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Secondary outcome: sexual function by the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. Exploratory outcomes: exercise capacity, pelvic floor strength/endurance, self-reported health and mental health.

Results

154 participants were included, mean age 61.6 years (SD 6.1). Sexual rehabilitation compared with usual care improved sexual function with a mean difference IIEF score of 6.7 (95% CI 3.1 to 10.4, p<0.0003) at 4 months between groups (unadjusted IIEF mean scores 36.4 vs 31.3) and a mean difference of 6.7, 95% CI 3.2 to 10.1 (p<0.0002) at 6 months between groups (unadjusted mean scores IIEF 37.1 vs 32.2). No effects were seen on the secondary outcome. Sexual rehabilitation improved exercise capacity on cycle ergometer measured by Watt max with a mean difference of 10.3, 95% CI 3.6 to 16.9 (p<0.003) and pelvic floor strength (p<0.01). No differences were seen on self-reported health and mental health.

Conclusion

Sexual rehabilitation compared with usual care improves sexual function and exercise capacity.

Trial registration

NCT01796353; Results.
Randomised controlled trial of incentives to improve online survey completion among internet-using men who have sex with men
Authors: Hall Eric , Sanchez Travis , Stephenson Rob , Stein Aryeh D , Sineath Robert Craig , Zlotorzynska Maria , Sullivan Patrick
Published: October 2018

Background

HIV prevention research often involves the use of online surveys as data collection instruments. Incomplete responses to these surveys can introduce bias. We aimed to develop and assess innovative methods to incentivise respondents to complete surveys.

Methods

Adult men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the USA were recruited through banner advertisements on Facebook from 27 April 2015 to 6 May 2015 to participate in an online survey about HIV prevention and risk behaviours. Participants were randomised to one of four conditions: a monetary incentive; a series of altruistic messages highlighting the importance of participating in research; access to a dashboard comparing their responses with statistics from other participants after completion; and no incentive. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and univariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate survey dropout by incentive group and demographic variables of interest.

Results

There were a total of 1178 participants randomised to the four treatment groups. The rate of survey dropout among participants in the altruistic (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.93), monetary (HR=0.44, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.61) and dashboard (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.06) groups was lower than the non-incentivised control group. Regardless of condition, survey dropout was also lower among MSM aged 28–34 (HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.90) compared with those aged 18–22 years old, and MSM who were white (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.02) compared with non-white participants.

Conclusion

Monetary incentives and altruistic messaging can improve survey completion in online behavioural HIV prevention research among MSM.

Trial registration number

NCT02139566.
Audit of compliance with WHO surgical safety checklist and building a shared mental model in the operating theatre
Authors: Todd James
Published: October 2018

Background

The use of the checklist has been shown to reduce patient death and postoperative complications and is mandated for use with all National Health Service (NHS) surgery. The aim was to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on compliance with WHO surgical safety checklist during operations in an NHS hospital.

Method

Data collection was by prospective observational audit of 34 operations using WHO checklist and 5 qualitative criteria to establish efficacy of use: (a) Staff stopped tasks to engage; (b) Staff attentive and listening; (c) Audible to all team; (d) Understanding was checked in briefs and questions/feedback asked; (e) All required staff present.

Categorisation: grade 3 (all criteria), grade 2 (three to four of criteria), grade 1 (one to two of criteria). Checklist use was recorded by stage use (eg, Sign In) and component steps.

Results

Checklist stages used were Brief (7/8), Sign In (32/34), Time Out (30/34), Sign Out (18/34) and Debrief (2/8). Checklist component steps were completed more fully in major versus minor operations (17.3/28 vs 8.4/28). Mean qualitative grade was greatest in major surgeries (2.2 vs 1.6) and using general anaesthesia (1.8 vs 1.3). 3/34 of operations achieved Grade 3.

Conclusion

Sign Out and Debrief compliance was low, as was full compliance with component steps of the WHO checklist, especially during minor operations. A focused checklist specific for minor operations could be introduced to remove unnecessary steps and mitigate against excessive omission. Improved qualitative use of the checklist is required to maximise effectiveness and facilitate a shared mental model.
Heated tobacco products and combusted cigarettes: comparing global prices and taxes
Authors: Liber Alex C
Published: October 2018

Background

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have received excise tax rates that are lower than combusted cigarettes in most of the countries in which the products are sold as tobacco companies claimed their purported reduced risk products deserved such light touch treatment. This study sought to determine if HTPs are cheaper to use than combusted cigarettes when the cost of purchasing an expensive heating device upfront was considered.

Methods and Data

Product price data for tobacco heating devices, as well as cobranded heated tobacco and combusted cigarettes for 2014–2017 for 34 countries was obtained from Euromonitor International.

Results

Only in 17 of 46 country-year cases with adequate data were HTPs less expensive to use than combusted cigarettes over a year.

Discussion

The tax advantages being given to HTPs may instead of providing a price signal to a consumer looking to switch, be providing a profit signal to tobacco companies to switch over to selling more HTPs and fewer combusted cigarettes. The implications of these dynamics for public health are unclear.
Nutritional recommendations and management practices adopted by feedlot cattle nutritionists: the 2016 Brazilian survey
Authors: Pinto Ana C.J. , Millen Danilo D.
Published: October 2018

The feedlot industry in Brazil is still evolving, and some nutritional management recommendations adopted by nutritionists changes from year to year. The main objective of this survey was to provide a snapshot of current nutritional management practices adopted in Brazilian feedlots. The 33 nutritionists surveyed were responsible for approximately 4 228 254 animals. Corn remained as the primary source of grain used in feedlot diets by the participants, whereas fine grinding was the primary grain processing method. Corn silage was the primary roughage source indicated by nutritionists, and for the first time, physically effective neutral detergent fiber was the preferred fiber analysis method. The average dietary fat recommended was 50 g kg−1 of dry matter, which is about 10% higher than values reported in previous surveys. The use of truck-mounted mixers increased, which may have increased the percentage of feedlots using programmed feed delivery per pen, allowing the increase of energy content of finishing diets. Feedlots did not increase their capacity and nutritionists reported an improvement in feeding management. Results reported in the current study provide a baseline that can be used to improve practices and aid in the development of feedlot industry in Brazil and similar tropical climates.