bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Nihilism: Kazantzakis and Plotinus on the Metaphysical 'One' That Does Not Exist
Authors: Owens Lewis
Published: February 2007

When Kazantzakis claimed at the end of Askitik� that
"even this 'One' does not exist," his emphasis was not on a nihilistic
concluding void but on the metaphysical 'One' or 'abyss' that lies beyond
('meta') the material realm. As this 'One' lacks any ontological reference
point, it cannot be said to 'exist'. Furthermore, Kazantzakis drew on
his rich Greek heritage--the neoplatonist Plotinus--in prioritizing this
metaphysical 'One'. Examining the thought of Plotinus makes it possible
to draw on and develop recent claims that Kazantzakis's thought may
best be interpreted from the perspective of apophaticism or 'negative
theology'. Indeed, the apophatic approach of Plotinus enables us to see
how Kazantzakis could have asserted that "even this 'One' does not exist"
without being a nihilist. Nevertheless, like Shestov's interpretation
of Plotinus, Kazantzakis warns that ascent to the 'One' is both sublime
and terrifying.
Landscape, Memories, and Medicine: Traditional Healing in Amari, Crete
Authors: Clark Patricia A
Published: February 2007

Cretan folk medicine has a long, yet obscure history. Popular medical handbooks from the Byzantine era forward incorporated material rooted in ancient medicine and routinely claimed Hippocrates and Galen (among others) as sources. Exhibiting numerous similarities in both content and style to these earlier handbooks, the notebook of early twentieth century Cretan village healer, Nikolaos Theodorakis, records a broad spectrum of cures. An examination of both the botanical materia medica Theodorakis used and the manner in which he employed his skills demonstrates underlying continuities in the healing tradition and, equally, its capacity to evolve: mutating, adapting, accreting over time. Even today in Crete traditional therapeutic plant use competes—and sometimes even co-exists—with modern medicine. Three characteristics of Cretan traditional medicine are the key to its resilience: a respect for the authority of tradition, an ability to experiment and innovate, and an intimate knowledge of the resources of the local landscape.
Misunderstood and Forgotten: The Greek Naval Mutiny of April 1944
Authors: Jones Mark C
Published: February 2007

After being driven from Greece by the German military in 1941, the Royal Hellenic Navy (RHN) operated alongside Britain's Royal Navy (RN) from bases in Egypt, Lebanon, and Malta. In April 1944 the RHN experienced a widespread mutiny, which began in Alexandria, Egypt, over the political composition of the Greek government. This essay explores the importance of the Alexandria mutiny to the RHN. It investigates the role of the navy in the royalist/republican rivalry of the 1920s-1930s, the wartime return to service of republican officers, the RHN's operations under British direction in the eastern Mediterranean, the political orientation of the government-in-exile, disturbances in the RHN prior to the mutiny, the events of the mutiny itself, the aftermath of the mutiny, how the mutiny affected the RN-RHN relationship, and the significance of the mutiny within the context of naval history in general. Wartime RN records held at the Public Record Office outside London, United States Navy intelligence reports held at the National Archives and Records Administration at College Park, Maryland, as well as unpublished and published secondary sources, provide the basis of this investigation.
The Price of Solitude: The Ambivalence of Nature in the Early Poetry of A.R. Rangavis
Authors: Guthenke Constanze
Published: February 2007

Poetry in the first decade following Greek independence and
the establishment of the Greek state has received comparatively
scarce attention. It looked to models of European Romanticism and
the aesthetic of a folksong tradition, but it has often been seen as a
short-lived moment in the development towards the rigidity of an "Athenian
Romantic School," rather than being singled out for its remarkably fluid
character. The early poetry of A.R. Rangavis, it is argued here, shares
with its European counterparts a display of self-awareness of the poet,
as modern and Romantic, and his role vis-à-vis his environment
that in turn reflects the indeterminacy and ambivalence inherent in this
role. Rangavis's ambivalent imagery of solitude and deserted nature is
an integral part of his understanding of the poetic and social persona
of the Greek writer, in a period where new (young) authors deliberately
set themselves up as contributing to a national literature in a national
context.
Jesuit Theatre on the Islands of the Aegean Sea
Authors: Puchner Walter
Published: February 2007

A missing link between Cretan Renaissance theatre and modern Greek
drama was found with the recent discovery of Jesuit plays and performances
on the islands of the Aegean—especially the island of Chios and the
Cycladic islands. This article discusses the discovery of ten previously
unknown plays written in the Modern Greek vernacular in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries. It also examines performance conditions for these
plays and focuses on five of them— namely, The Presentation of
Holy Mary in the Temple (ca. 1642), The Passion and Resurrection of
Christ, The Martyrdom of Eleazar and the Seven Maccabean Boys, Gregory
Kontaratos's The Three Children in the Fiery Furnace, The Tragedy of
the Born-Blind, and David. It also discusses The Tragedy
of St. Demetrius and its performance in 1723.
"Toutes ces eaux!": Ecology and Empire in Patrick Chamoiseau's Biblique des derniers gestes
Authors: Watts Richard
Published: February 2007

Patrick
Chamoiseau's latest novel, Biblique des derniers gestes (2002), is a staging of the tension between the
defense of local particularity and immersion in what Hardt and Negri call
Empire. This tension is explored most visibly through Chamoiseau's literal and
figurative uses of water. The protagonist's relation to water constructs
Martinican particularity, but it also catapults him into Empire, the network of
interests that govern contemporary global relations. Water and other liquid
forms also function as figurative models of political action and cultural
identity that productively resolve some of the contradictions at the heart of
contemporary postcolonial literature.
Bataille's Tacky Touch
Authors: Crowley Martin
Published: February 2007

Testimony, confession, "reality TV": everywhere, we dream of referential contact. Against the context of this impossible dream, this paper considers the vision of aesthetic communication offered by Georges Bataille, which both demands contact between author and reader, and renders this contact unjustifiable. Bataille's practice as author is analysed along these lines, with particular reference to Histoire de l'�il and related discussions by Jean-Luc Nancy and Michel Leiris. The conclusion is drawn that, while such contact can never be guaranteed, nor can it be definitively ruled out. Perhaps, after all, communication cannot altogether be separated from the possibility of contact?
Condillac: Le reve d'un reductionniste
Authors: Monnin Luc
Published: February 2007

Cet article �tudie le fonctionnement du r�ductionnisme condillacien depuis la th�orie du sensible jusqu'� la th�orie du langage. Il tente de comprendre comment Condillac, dans sa th�orie des id�es, fait fonctionner ensemble la m�thode analytique qui permet de d�composer les entit�s complexes en �l�ments simples et la m�thode g�n�tique qui permet de suivre le d�veloppement des id�es. L'article montre comment cette analyse g�n�tique condillacienne, largement adopt�e par les Lumi�res, permet de construire un passage entre le connu et l'inconnu, le complexe et le simple, le neuf et l'ancien.
"Taking Myself in Hand": Jean Toomer and Physical Culture
Authors: Whalan Mark
Published: February 2007

This article examines how the externalisation of gender identity by 1900 configured a new type of agency of identity for consumers of Physical Culture products. I examine the importance to Jean Toomer of the publications of Bernarr Macfadden, the most successful Physical Culture entrepreneur in the US at the time, and in particular the relevance of the pose as a strategy for overriding biological determinism. Toomer's adoption of these techniques became a subversive way of obscuring physiological racial determinations, determinations which certain eugenic scientists were attempting to classify ever more precisely. I finish by examining how Physical Culture as a mode of racial obfuscation is evident in Toomer's short story "Bona and Paul."
Any Where Out of this Verse: Baudelaire's Prose Poetics and the Aesthetics of Transgression
Authors: Jamison Anne Elizabeth
Published: February 2007

Baudelaire's prose poem form emerges from a productive tension between his verse and critical prose writings. This prose constitutes the textual enactment of an "aesthetics of transgression" which, as articulated in Baudelaire's "Exposition universelle de 1855," locates beauty in the violation rather than application of aesthetic rules and norms. The article recasts Baudelaire's self-contradictory elements as a series of self-violations, performative instances of the "beau bizarre" he valorizes, a process demonstrated through an integrated reading of textual "interpenetrations" within and among "Notes nouvelles sur Edgar Poe," "La Beaut�," "Hymne � la Beaut�," and "La Chambre Double." (AJ)
The Other Other: Baudelaire, Melancholia, and the Dandy
Authors: Hadlock Philip G
Published: February 2007

Charles Baudelaire, one of nineteenth-century France's most prominent dan-dies, cites melancholia as one of the most striking features of dandyism. The dandy's melancholia seems to acquire special connotations in Baudelaire's typology: it takes form as a symbolic crisis that coincides with the phallicization of the male body. The connotations of this crisis are perhaps best illustrated in Baudelaire's prose poem, "Assommons les pauvres." The poem's confrontation between two dimensions of male selfhood signals a displacement and obfuscation of masculine desire in phallic culture. The confusion integral to phallic culture's conception of the masculine fur-ther resonates in Baudelaire's sometimes startling attitudes regarding women, fashion, and cosmetics. (PGH)
Paternal Perspectives on Divorce in Alphonse Daudet's Rose et Ninette (1892)
Authors: White Nicholas
Published: February 2007

This short novel represents Alphonse Daudet's general reflection on family life since the advent of the Loi Naquet of 1884 which reinstated the possibility of divorce, and his particular warning to his son, L�on, whose stormy marriage to Jeanne Hugo was indeed to end in divorce by January 1895. A cautionary tale exposes the paternal alienation experienced by R�gis de Fagan in the wake of his staged flagrant d�lit and subsequent divorce from not only his wife but consequently his beloved children, Rose and Ninette.This alienation is encoded in the intertextual references to Verdi's Hugolian opera, Rigoletto, and a proposal to rewrite Balzac's novel as Le Divorce du p�re Goriot. R�gis is thus caught between models of excessive intervention and subservience on the part of fathers. (NW)
"Ring out the Old, Ring in the New": The Symbolism of Bells in Nineteenth-Century French Poetry
Authors: Boutin Aimeé
Published: February 2007

Images of church bells in nineteenth-century French poetry reflect the history of bells after the French Revolution, as told by Alain Corbin. Once a "sign" of locality, they become a symbol of Romantic nostalgia for rootedness and later of modernist urban dislocation. The history of the symbolism of bells also retraces the evolution of the lyric from eighteenth-century descriptive poetry to modernist non-referential semiosis. Baudelaire, in effect, marks the turning point for a modern evocation of bells, for in his poems, the once assured and bell-like voice of the Romantic poet has become cracked and rasping, and the poem itself sounds the death-knell of representation. (AB)
Vautrin and Same-sex Desire in Le Pere Goriot
Authors: Berrong Richard M.
Published: February 2007

This essay is a re-examination of male same-sex desire in Balzac's 1834 novel. Starting with the observations made by Philippe Berthier in his landmark 1979 article, it proceeds, in the light of the work of historians of homosexuality such as Michel Foucault and David Halperin, to examine how Balzac presents Vautrin and his attraction to Rastignac. It concludes that there is no indication in the text of our modern concept of a distinct homosexual sexuality. It also shows, however, that Balzac seems to have been intent on undermining stereotypes associated with men attracted to other men (effeminacy). (RMB)
Mallarme's "Sonnet Allegorique de Lui-Meme" - Allegorical of Itself or of Himself?
Authors: Chadwick Charles
Published: February 2007

The title, "Sonnet all�gorique de lui-m�me," which Mallarm� initially gave to his poem "Ses purs ongles," is generally taken to mean "Sonnet allegorical of itself." But a close examination of the first and final versions and of other poems dating from the same period, relating them to the poet's ideas as revealed in his correspondence at that time, suggests that the title should be understood as "Sonnet allegorical of himself" rather than "itself" and that the poem refers to the process of poetic death and rebirth that Mallarm� went through in the years 1864 to 1868. (CC)
Adele Hugo: A Bibliographical Note
Authors: Eldrige Alana
Published: February 2007

This note situates the memoir of Amelia F. Culpepper within the
bibli-ography for Ad�le Hugo. (AE)
Adele Hugo: A Sojourn in Barbados From the Memoirs of Amelia Fielding Culpeper
Authors: Hoad Patricia
Published: February 2007

Published here for the first time, an eye-witness account of Ad�le
Hugo, from the memoirs of Amelia Fielding Culpepper. (PJH)
Baudelaire and Auguste Lacaussade: A New Look
Authors: Patty James S
Published: February 2007

This article examines the relationship between Les Fleurs du mal
(1857) of Baudelaire and Les Epaves (1861) of Auguste Lacaussade
(1815-1897) and, as context, describes the personal and literary
links between the two authors. Though Baudelaire also used the title
Les Epaves (1866), it was the younger poet who influenced the
older, which accounts for the Baudelairean themes and images in Les
Epaves. Guided by the two key words in Baudelaire's title, we find
that flower imagery is not only very abundant in Lacaussade but sometimes
has a distinctly Baudelairean coloring, e.g., "roses noires" and "fleurs
s�niles." More important is the two poets' shared belief in the
existence and power of evil, especially as incarnated in woman. It would
appear that Lacaussade was Baudelaire's earliest poetic disciple. (JSP)
La Tunisie dans l'imaginaire politique de Flaubert
Authors: Seginger Gisele
Published: February 2007

En �crivant un roman sur Carthage (Salammb�),
cit� perdue et encore peu connue faute de fouilles
arch�ologiques, Flaubert prend ses distances par rapport aux
conceptions rationalistes de l'histoire qui se d�veloppent �
partir du XVIIIe si�cle puis surtout
au XIXe si�cle. Il repr�sente
une civilisation disparue dont le pr�sent ne provient pas,
mettant ainsi au jour les discontinuit�s de l'histoire
alors que les pens�es dialectiques se multiplient � son
�poque. Salammb� n'est pas un roman historique mais un
roman sur l'histoire, sur ses repr�sentations. La Tunisie
antique est un espace critique, un espace r�v�lateur non
parce que Flaubert y projette le pr�sent mais parce qu'il fait
appara�tre l'ill�gitimit� des repr�sentations
historiques et politiques de son temps. Une pens�e critique (mais
implicite) est donc � l'�uvre dans le roman. Explicite dans
la Correspondance et les avant-textes du roman (en particulier
dans le chapitre explicatif que Flaubert voulait placer au d�but
du roman, avant de renoncer � sa publication) elle s'efface
au cours du travail mais se r�inscrit dans l'organisation
des �v�nements, au niveau de la po�tique du
roman. Flaubert r�ussit alors un coup de force: il donne
� sa pens�e apolitique de l'histoire l'apparence -
et seulement l'apparence - d'une v�rit� naturelle et
imper-sonnelle, l'illusion qu'on peut - si on le veut - �chapper au
politique. �uvre contre la politique, comme le sera aussi d'une autre
fa�on L'Education sentimentale, Salammb� montre
n�anmoins la pr�gnance du politique non seulement dans la
pens�e de Flaubert (rep�rable au stade de la gen�se)
mais aussi dans la po�tique de l'�uvre. (in French) (GS)
The Power (?) of Literature: A Neuropsychological View
Authors: Holland Norman Norwood
Published: February 2007

Literature shows its apparent power when we are "absorbed" in a literary experience: Coleridge's "willing suspension of disbelief." We do not sense our bodies or our environment. We cease to judge the reality or probability of events. And we feel real emotions toward people and things we know are fictions. Our sensory and emotional systems behave in this special way because our "disinterested" stance toward works of art inhibits the brain's action systems to which these other systems are linked. Literature has power over us only if it has no power.
Linking and Care in Connection
Authors: Tietz Ward
Published: February 2007

"Linking and Care in Connection" examines recent developments in connectivity in computing and telecommunications to revisit two of literary form's core concepts: care and risk. Hyperlinking, specifically, demands a different type of care and redefines what is cared about and who cares. It intensifies an already existing confrontation with care that's implicit to every reading of a text and every viewing of an image. "Linking and Care in Connection" pays special attention to the semiotic and rhythmic difference presented by "image-links," devices, while new in their capacity to function as signals, are comparable to classical rubrics and religious icons in the way they organize space.
The Sexual Politics of Teaching Mozart's Don Giovanni
Authors: Curtis Liane
Published: February 2007

College-level music textbooks have avoided problematizing
the rape and sexual violence that takes place in Mozart's opera Don
Giovanni. Instead these books have followed a romantic tradition of
heroizing the leading character as a rugged individual and marginalizing
the women characters. Textbook authors have ignored the fact that students
today will have encountered issues such as date rape and will see the
situations of the opera as relevant to their own lives. I suggest that
the strengths of the female roles should be central to the teaching
of the work. Donna Anna has resisted attack and Donna Elvira works to
protect Zerlina. Zerlina's peasant class status needs to be considered. I
emphasize that a complex work such as an opera should not be given
cursory treatment in a survey course; only through a careful study of
the characters and their context can their full range of strengths and
weaknesses be understood.
"There is no Unauthorized Breeding in Jurassic Park": Gender and the Uses of Genetics
Authors: Briggs Laura , Kelber-Kaye Jodi I
Published: February 2007

This article relies on close readings of Jurassic Park (the book
and the film) and Gattaca (film) to argue that a great
deal of the opposition to
new genetic technologies expressed in contemporary popular culture is
grounded in a profound anti-feminism. Both of these science fiction
stories suggest that genetic manipulation is "unnatural," and call for
a return to a romanticized "natural" motherhood. In Jurassic Park, genetic science is figured as a threat to the white nuclear
family, producing "Third World" female dinosaurs whose reproduction cannot
be stopped, whose existence threatens white American children. Gattaca aligns the "unnaturalness" of genetically modified offspring
with homosexuality and communism, and calls for the return of democracy,
individual striving, and motherhood. Together, the article argues, these
two texts suggest some of the pitfalls for feminism in contemporary
discussions of reproductive technology and genetic determinism.
Locating a Native Englishness in Virginia Woolf's The London Scene
Authors: Sarker Sonita
Published: February 2007

In the last century, British modernist studies have dealt
increasingly with issues of class and gender. Yet, untill today, hardly
any have scrutinized how race and nation are integral and intersecting
elements in the perspectives of such prominent literary modernists as
T. S. Eliot, Gertrude Stein, or Virginia Woolf. This essay focuses on a
set of six articles written by Woolf between 1931-1932 and titled
The London Scene (1975a), in order to demonstrate how Woolf reclaims
England from "great men" for the common (wo)man. I argue that maintaining
distinctions between demos (the basis for democracy) and ethnos (the basis
of ethnicity) is constitutive of English nationalism. I show how Woolf's
act of reclamation is based simultaneously in an implicit racialization
of the English self that was prevalent in her time. I juxtapose the
views about England of contemporary political and literary figures as
contrasts and comparisons to explicate how Woolf's gender and class
politics is contingent upon her understanding of race that, in turn,
is tied to English culture and nationhood.
Family Leave Policies: Examining Choice and Contingency in Industrialzed Nations
Authors: Parry Janine A
Published: February 2007

Noticeably absent from the family leave literature are systematic
investigations of the conditions likely to spur the adoption of advanced
family leave policies. In this article, I systematically examine--in
the form of three detailed case studies--factors that may contribute
to cross-national variations in the quality of leave benefits. The
central questions I explore are: 1) in what ways do the leave policies
of industrialized nation states vary; and 2) what factors best explain
such variation? I first explain the tool of analysis--the comparative
method--and offer rationale for case selection. I also define the
dependent variable, delineating its dimensions, and describe the four
explanatory variables, forming them into explicit hypotheses. In the
next section, I highlight each of three cases (the United States, Sweden,
and Germany), examining their current leave policies and the historical
shaping of their present provisions. Finally, I explicitly compare the
cases, and close with suggestions for future research.
Identity Politics in NWSA: Memoirs of a Lesbian Caucus Chair
Authors: Van Dyke Annette Joy
Published: February 2007

From my time as a Lesbian Caucus Chair (1990-1993),
I have worked to keep the caucus seat on the governing board through
NWSA's evolving structural changes that date from the Akron conference
in 1990. Many of those structural changes affected the caucuses; caucus
representation has shifted from all caucuses having a voting seat on
the board, through a proposal for no seats on the board, through a 1993
compromise that three chairs out of nine would have seats on a rotating
basis, to, once again, the Lesbian Caucus having a permanent seat on the
board. The Governing Council will continue to struggle with conflicts
between identity groups, but for now, it has reaffirmed its commitment
to the Lesbian Caucus and Women of Color Caucus chairs with permanent
seats on the board.
Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions--I
Authors: Bender Byron Wilbur , Goodenough Ward Hunt , Jackson Frederick H. , Marck Jeffrey C. , Rehg Kenneth L. , Sohn Ho-min , Trussel Stephen , Wang Judith W
Published: February 2007

Part 1 presents some 980 reconstructions for Proto-Micronesian, Proto Central
Micronesian, and Proto Western Micronesian. Part 2 (to appear in volume 42 [2])
gives reconstructions for two additional subgroups within Proto-Micronesian:
Proto-Pohnpeic and Proto-Chuukic, and their immediate ancestor, Proto
Pohnpeic-Chuukic. A handful of putative loans are also identified, and a single
English 2nder list is provided for all of the reconstructions.
The Karamazov Complex: Dostoevsky and DNR Orders
Authors: Montello Martha , Lantos John D
Published: February 2007

Families making difficult end-of-life decisions in the
intensive care unit often do not exercise their autonomy in accord
with the individualistic philosophic and legal models that currently
prevail. Instead, they try to avoid responsibility and deny complicity,
even for decisions that they ultimately approve. This paper examines two
novels and a recent case from a neonatal intensive care unit that reveal
how people actually make tragic decisions for family members. Dostoevsky's
The Brothers Karamazov and Kenzaburo Oe's A Personal Matter
explore the patterns of communication by which people in such situations
test complicity and share or submerge accountability. The psychological
similarities between the novelists' portrayals and the actual processes
that families undergo in the ICU have practical clinical implications
for the ways physicians approach discussions about do not resuscitate
(DNR) orders with patients' family members.
The Maligning of a Country Doctor
Authors: Bendersky Gordon
Published: February 2007

This article traces the misidentification of the subject of an
illustration in a text about women and illness in the 19th century.The
heroic efforts of surgical pioneer Ephraim McDowell (1771-1830) and his
brave patient Jane Todd Crawford are returned to their rightful place
in medical history.
The Rise of Peptic Ulcer, 1900-1950
Authors: Grob Gerald N.
Published: February 2007

The seeming increase in the incidence of peptic ulcer after 1900 quickly
occupied the attention of physicians. Their understanding and treatment
of peptic ulcer was shaped not only by new diagnostic tools, but by
differences between contesting medical specialties, broad concepts or
paradigms current in the larger medical and scientific community, and
prevailing social and ideological beliefs. Surgeons and internists,
for example, were often at odds over appropriate therapies; each
maintained that personal experiences demonstrated the efficacy of
their therapies. Nor were etiological theories derived from empirical
data. The claim that peptic ulcer resulted from focal infections was
simply a reflection of the popularity of germ theory. Other explanations
included the role of stress, race, constitutional makeup, psychosomatic
factors, and the pressures of modern industrial society. Virtually all
were derivative and reflected social and intellectual currents that were
common in the larger society of which medicine was but a part. Thus,
the history of peptic ulcer during the first half of the 20th century
provides an instructive and in many ways a typical case study in the
complexities posed by the emergence of modern medicine.
Transforming Knowledge into Wisdom: A Contemporary Chinese Philosopher's Investigation
Authors: Yang Guorong
Published: February 2007

Feng Qi is widely acknowledged in mainland China as one of the few
consummate and most original thinkers to have emerged there since 1949.
The essence of Feng's thought is to provide a solution to the time-honored
problem of the confrontation between fact and value, between a positivistic/
scientific approach and a humanistic/metaphysical approach. Feng tries
to solve this conflict by constructing what he calls "epistemology in a
broader sense," at the core of which is his theory of the "transformation of
knowledge into wisdom."
The Debate on Human Nature in Early Confucian Literature
Authors: Scarpari Maurizio
Published: February 2007

The doctrines on human nature and moral development maintained in ancient China by Gaozi, Mencius, and Xunzi, respectively, have been interpreted mostly as a contradiction within the Confucian school. It is argued here that they represent distinct, yet possible and congruous, modes of interpreting and re-elaborating Confucius' teachings, two opposing yet largely complementary currents that have developed within the Confucian school.
Challenges and Opportunities Presented by Archiving in the Electronic Era
Authors: Guthrie Kevin M
Published: February 2007

With the rapid development of electronic and network
technologies, there is considerable and justifiable concern in the
academic community about the challenges associated with protecting
electronic information for future generations of scholars and students. As
a not-for-profit organization founded specifically to build and provide a
trusted central repository of important journal literature in electronic
form, JSTOR has been working on the problem of electronic archiving since
its founding. Unfortunately, there are no simple or easy solutions to this
problem and this brief essay does not attempt to provide them. Rather,
the purpose of this paper is to share JSTOR's experience and reflect
upon the key principles we have identified that must be addressed if
one is to maintain reliable long-term access to electronic content. The
scope of this archiving discussion is limited to published journal
literature, admittedly a small subset of the digital materials that
require attention. Still, many of the issues raised in the journals
context apply more generally as well.
Merit Salary Criteria: One Academic Library's Experience
Authors: Anderson Lou , Cochenour Donnice
Published: February 2007

Merit salary increases are common in academia and
are often applied to professional librarians in university and college
libraries. That is the case at Colorado State University; however, prior
to 1998, only brief merit salary criteria for library faculty positions
existed. In 1998 the Libraries Faculty Council established a task force
to draft merit salary criteria. A literature review was conducted and
input from other libraries and individuals was sought. The criteria
were approved by the library faculty and were used for performance
evaluations for the calendar years of 1998 and 1999. In May 2000, a
survey was conducted of the library faculty soliciting their opinions
on the overall effectiveness of the criteria. Results of the survey are
given and conclusions are drawn.
New Information Marketplace Competitors: Issues and Strategies for Academic Libraries
Authors: Bell Steven J
Published: February 2007

Administrative portals, e-braries, and other
commercial information providers are challenging the academic library's
traditional monopoly as the campus information gateway. Are these
new information marketplace competitors a threat or an opportunity
for academic libraries? Might they draw away the library's user base
or can they be harnessed to provide access to more and better digital
collections? This article examines the impact of these new competitors,
presents results from a survey of library directors about their responses
to information competition, and discusses strategies library directors
can use to maintain the library's status as the user's first choice of
information provider.
Fish, Fire, and Fallacies: Approaches to Information Technology and Higher Education
Authors: Doty Paul
Published: February 2007

The Scylla and Charybdis of bubbling anxiety and bombastic promise can suck in anyone trying to navigate the controversy surrounding the role of information technology in higher education. This essay will argue that rather than accept the line that institutions must be rebuilt to meet the technological expectations of intractable teenagers, libraries and higher education should work to project themselves as settings where students' technological expertise can move and move through academic circumstance.
Faculty and Staff Use of Academic Library Resources and Services: A University of Iowa Libraries' Perspective
Authors: Washington-Hoagland Carlette , Clougherty Leo
Published: February 2007

The current economic and social conditions of the nation have affected significantly the amount of federal funding for higher education. With the prospect of dwindling budgets, potential layoffs, and cutbacks, what can libraries do to continue to support and improve services for faculty and staff (professional and merit/support staff)? One approach is to identify what resources and services faculty and staff currently use for research, teaching, study, and work, in addition to planning for their future needs. Only then can we begin to set priorities and plan for the future. The University of Iowa Libraries developed and implemented a faculty and staff needs assessment with this in mind. The results not only gave the Libraries the empirical support required to justify requests for increased fiscal allocations, but also pinpointed the areas, services, and resources faculty and staff want and expect from the University Libraries. Contrary to popular sentiment, the results revealed that faculty and staff would like the Libraries to invest more in the acquisition of print books and journals, in addition to electronic journals and expanded remote access. Even though faculty and staff are independent users, they rely on and prefer human contact and individual assistance. This study also revealed that faculty and staff underutilized many of the Libraries' resources and services simply because they were not aware of their existence. Like undergraduates and professional students, faculty and staff want expanded study space and improved physical facilities.
The Art of War for Librarians: Academic Culture, Curriculum Reform, and Wisdom from Sun Tzu
Authors: Kempcke Ken
Published: February 2007

Any campuswide, organizational change has to address the academy culture found at an institution to be successful. In order for librarians to be effective in initiating information literacy or other educational reforms on campus, they must be seen as equals by faculty—as leaders in higher education, as scholars skilled in teaching, and as vital participants in the governance of their institutions. Failure to recognize the strength of the academy culture leads to failure of the initiative.
Developing an Institutional Knowledge Bank at Ohio State University: From Concept to Action Plan
Authors: Rogers Sally A
Published: February 2007

There is a growing interest among academic institutions in collecting, preserving, and creating value-added services from digital content produced in teaching and research. Ohio State University plans to build on existing initiatives to create an institutional repository called the Knowledge Bank. An implementation plan and cost assessment are in preparation.
The Effect of Bibliographic Instruction On The Demand For Reference Services
Authors: Saunders E. Stewart
Published: February 2007

If the effect of bibliographic instruction is to create a more self-reliant library user and information-seeker, does this mean that bibliographic instruction programs lead to a decline in the demand for reference services? This research analyzes the data for eighty-three ARL academic libraries over a six-year period. A regression equation fitted the data. Each student receiving bibliographic instruction increased the reference demand by two to seven questions.
A Two-Tiered Model for Analyzing Library Website Usage Statistics, Part 1: Web Server Logs
Authors: Cohen Laura B
Published: February 2007

The author proposes a two-tiered model for analyzing
website usage statistics for academic libraries: one tier for library
administrators that analyzes measures indicating library use, and a
second tier for website managers that analyzes measures that aid in
server maintenance and site design. The author discusses the technology
of website usage statistics, including several caveats about the
accuracy of derived counts, and recommends important measures for each
tier. Part 1 describes Web server logs and the challenges inherent in
their analysis. Part 2 presents recommendations for conducting log file
analysis to obtain meaningful information, benefiting administrators
and site managers.
Finding our Replacements: One Institution's Approach to Recruiting Academic Librarians
Authors: Hewitt Joe A , Moran Barbara B , Marsh Mari E
Published: February 2007

The Carolina Academic Library Associates program at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill) is
a cooperative program of the University Library and the School of
Information and Library Science. The program is designed to be a tool
for recruitment and a way to better prepare master's degree students who
choose to work in academic libraries. The program offers a model that
could be adopted by other academic libraries interested in recruiting
high quality graduates to academic librarianship.
A Two-Tiered Model for Analyzing Library Web Site Usage Statistics, Part 2: Log File Analysis
Authors: Cohen Laura B
Published: February 2007

The author proposes a two-tiered model for analyzing
website usage statistics for academic libraries: one tier for library
administrators that analyzes measures indicating library use, and a
second tier for website managers that analyzes measures that aid in
server maintenance and site design. The author discusses the technology
of website usage statistics, including several caveats about the
accuracy of derived counts, and recommends important measures for each
tier. Part 1 describes Web server logs and the challenges inherent in
their analysis. Part 2 presents recommendations for conducting log file
analysis to obtain meaningful information, benefiting administrators
and site managers.
Using the Concept of Teamwork to Increase Why-Based Questioning in the Academic Reference Interview
Authors: Tuai Cameron Kim
Published: February 2007

This article proposes that within the academic reference interview
why-based questions are handled inefficiently. This is a symptom of a
larger issue that involves the interaction between fulfillment of the
patron request and the roles assumed by patron and librarian. Actively
envisioning the reference interview on a team model creates roles
that are more conducive for both why-based questioning and patron
satisfaction.
"That Accursed Aesopian Language": Prosecutorial Framing of Linguistic Evidence in U.S. v. Foster, 1949
Authors: Allen Julia M
Published: February 2007

This essay offers an elaboration of Stanley Fish's contention that
politics trumps free speech. By examining the manner in which the
prosecution framed linguistic evidence in the 1949 trial of 11 leaders of
the Communist Party of the United States of America, the author argues
that those who own a given speech situation can also occupy the speech
of others in that situation, using common features of language.
No Ordinary Time: Eleanor Roosevelt's Address to the 1940 Democratic National Convention
Authors: Blair Diane M
Published: February 2007

Eleanor Roosevelt's address to the 1940 Democratic National Convention
transformed a contentious situation into a motive for unified action
on the part of the delegates, the president, and the first lady. The
speech provides insight into the powerful rhetorical resource of time
and insight into one of the central rhetorical strategies that enabled
ER's expansion of the first lady role.
Cultivating a Black Public Voice: W.E.B. Du Bois and the "Criteria of Negro Art"
Authors: Watts Eric King
Published: February 2007

This essay explores the rhetorical performance of W. E. B. Du Bois during
the Harlem Renaissance as he cultivates the conditions favorable to an
"authentic" African American public voice. I argue that Du Bois's rhetoric
accomplishes three tasks: First, it calls into being the features of
"Negro Art." Second, it associates black art with a public voice and
posits the black public voice as a mode of mediation between the opposing
constraints of "pure art" and "propaganda." This mediation creates a
space for public dialogue about race, culture, and society. Lastly,
it proposes a rational role for the norms and values of black culture
in the public deliberation of American civic life.
Informed Consent After the Human Genome Project
Authors: Mitchell Gordon R. , Happe Kelly
Published: February 2007

Human genome research destabilizes established notions of the
"consenting research subject," because individuals who donate DNA
samples for research studies necessarily reveal sensitive information
not only about themselves, but also about others genetically linked to
them. An ethical quandary arises from the fact that as virtual research
subjects, these genetically linked others may be harmed by research,
yet traditional informed consent protocols give them no say about whether
proposed projects should be approved. Proliferation of population-specific
genetic research in the wake of the Human Genome Project's completion
could magnify this ethical quandary on a vast scale. Such concerns have
motivated recent proposals in medical ethics to collectivize the norm of
informed consent and require investigators to secure group-based approval
for genomic research. Controversy over the wisdom and workability of
"communal dialogue" protocols for informed group consent pivots around
quintessentially rhetorical issues and highlights the myriad challenges
involved in reconciling medical benefits with ethical concerns in the
post-Human Genome Project milieu.
John C. Calhoun's Republicanism Revisited
Authors: Vajda Zoltan
Published: February 2007

An application of J. G. A. Pocock's understanding of the republican
tradition based on his theory of political languages facilitates
the exploration of hitherto neglected aspects of John C. Calhoun's
republicanism. A Pocockean reading can reveal how republican notions such
as the mechanization of virtue, the people's character, military virtue,
and the virtue of the South informed Calhoun's political rhetoric.
Carving Up Free Exercise: Dissociation and "Religion" in Supreme Court Jurisprudence
Authors: Stahl Roger
Published: February 2007

In the last two hundred years, the Supreme Court's interpretation of
the First Amendment's "free exercise of religion" clause has implicitly
defined and redefined "religion" itself. These various understandings
can be charted by attending to what Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca call
moments of "dissociation." Early on, "religion" was understood in terms
of its split into "belief" and "action," a predominantly Protestant
formulation. The Court eventually collapsed the dissociation, only to
reintroduce it later as a basis for judgment. The history of "religion"
in a legal economy of language provides a poignant illustration of the
power of dissociation as a phenomenon of knowledge production.
Feminine Virtue and Practical Wisdom: Elizabeth Cady Stanton's "Our Boys"
Authors: Hogan Lisa S , Hogan J. Michael
Published: February 2007

This essay examines how Elizabeth Cady Stanton, in one of her most popular
lyceum lectures, promoted revolutionary reforms in parenting and education
in a forum that constrained political and social controversy. In "Our
Boys," Stanton rejected patriarchal discipline, celebrated androgynous
virtues, criticized organized religion, and envisioned radical changes
in American education. With entertaining stories, motherly advice, and
a patriotic celebration of America's promise, however, she softened the
edges of a lecture that otherwise might have been too polemical for the
postwar lyceum.
Transforming educational practice : addressing underlying epistemological assumptions.
Authors: Welte Sheryl Lyn
Published: February 2007

This paper reviews and critiques Baxter Magolda's (1992) book,
Knowing and Reasoning in College: Gender-Related Patterns in
Students' Intellectual Development. Baxter Magolda discusses
different ways of knowing and their implications for educational
practice. She contributes to our understanding of students'
intellectual development by considering both curricular and
cocurricular ways of knowing. The author, informed by her current
case study research, contends that Baxter Magolda's use of yearly
interviews distorts the context-dependent nature of students' ways
of knowing by describing students as being types of knowers
versus having ways of knowing. The interactive, intersubjective, and
interdependent nature of ways of knowing suggests that both
students' and teachers' epistemologies must be considered in
reshaping pedagogy and, hence, in transforming learning.
Controversy and Consensus in Freshman Writing: An Overview of the Field
Authors: Spear Karen I
Published: February 2007

Freshman writing programs, though universally required, are
expensive, are difficult to staff, often fail to produce hoped-for
improvements, and often operate in a theoretical vacuum filled by
pedagogical lore and unexamined assumptions. To help university
policy-makers and curriculum planners make informed decisions
about writing programs, this essay sketches the origins of
freshman writing and analyzes current theories of rhetoric and
points of consensus in the scholarship.
Confidentiality and Peer Review: The Paradox of Secrecy in Academe
Authors: Baez Benjamin
Published: February 2007

Using narrative analysis, this essay critiques confidentiality in the peer review process, which is linked discursively with academic freedom, privacy, and honesty. Such a link disciplines individuals to believe that confidentiality is a personal interest and obscures the institutional and corporate interests at stake. Thus, confidentiality may insulate the academy from accountability and resistance. To exercise a critical agency that questions the interests that constrain them, faculty members may need to know and question how peer review decisions are made.
Managing Common Waters in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Region: Looking Ahead
Authors: Faisal Islam M
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Transboundary water problems continue to plague Bangladesh and
India throughout the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) region. Through
examining the history of the water-related conflicts and analyzing the
important issues that are of local or national significance—adverse
location problem, waterlogging, information sharing, water sharing,
flow augmentation, water quality management, and institutional
bottlenecks—avenues of progress available to the parties involved
are highlighted.
U.S. Cultural Imperialism: Today Only a Chimera
Authors: Elteren Mel van
Published: February 2007

After revisiting the notion of "cultural imperialism" and
reclaiming its valuable components, the article focuses on the most
significant aspects of U.S. cultural imperialism in the current era of
globalization. It goes beyond media imperialism to examine other domains
of U.S. cultural influence at the heart of capitalist globalization,
including business culture, management and labor practices, and cultural
and political "development policies." Recognizing two levels of meaning
associated with the ideas and practices distributed from the United States
to the rest to the world, the author posits the sustained dominance
of the first level, that is, the culture of consumerism. U.S. cultural
imperialism as understood here—ultimately seen as a predominantly
negative phenomenon from the perspective of self-determination by local
people—is neither essential for, nor inherent to, globalization,
but a contingent form of the global diffusion of consumerist beliefs
and practices.
Milton and Idolatry
Authors: Lewalski Barbara Kiefer
Published: February 2007

Noting Milton's frequent identification of himself as Ikonoklastes, idol-breaker, this essay traces his very broad concept of idolatry throughout his poetry and prose. While his Puritan contemporaries thought of idolatry chiefly as pagan or Roman Catholic practices that offer an affront to God, Milton saw idolatry as the disposition to attach divinity or special sanctity to any person, human institution, or material object, and early to late he sought to eradicate that disposition in his readers. His focus is on the way idolatry debases and enslaves human beings and their societies. If worship and absolute obedience are offered only to the transcendent God and if his image is seen to reside in all human beings simply as such (not popes, kings, bishops, institutions, or sacred material objects) then the concomitants must be, he thought, civil and religious liberty and a republic.