bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JORNAL DAS MOÇAS (1926-1932): imprensa feminina no sertão norte-rio-grandense
Authors: Pereira da Rocha Neto Manoel
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar o Jornal das Moças (1926-1932), enfatizando a presença das professoras Georgina Pires, Dolores Diniz e Júlia Augusta de Medeiros, mulheres que produziram o jornal em Caicó, no Rio Grande do Norte. Analiso as práticas de escrita dessas mulheres, salientando os aspectos educacionais, a questão de gênero e as relações que se estabelecem na sociedade, na tentativa de contribuir com a historiografia da educação no Brasil, durante a década de 20. Como fonte, foram utilizados exemplares disponíveis do Jornal das Moças, entrevistas com historiadores, familiares e pessoas vinculadas às citadas professoras. Evidencia-se que essas mulheres fizeram o jornal acontecer, numa época em que a configuração social de sua comunidade reservava à mulher apenas o domínio do espaço privado. Os resultados da pesquisa balizam para constatar que esse impresso foi um veículo de comunicação inovador, tornando-se um dos instrumentos dos quais as mulheres puderam extrapolar as barreiras do seu espaço, atuando na imprensa, território predominantemente masculino. Inferindo no cotidiano por meio dos seus textos jornalísticos e dos movimentos culturais, educacionais e comportamentais, essas mulheres teceram suas conquistas, ocupando posições de destaque no campo da educação e da comunicação.
RETRATO DAS DISPUTAS POLÍTICAS NA MÍDIA PONTA-GROSSENSE: análise das estratégias eleitorais na cidade de Ponta Grossa em 2004
Authors: Canguçu Rodrigues Suelen Fernanda , Gadini Sérgio Luiz
Published: April 2018

A presença da televisão no processo eleitoral, a partir de 1989, aproxima ainda mais comunicação e política. Tal aproximação desloca e integra as regras de funcionamento da linguagem midiática com as estratégias comunicativas do campo político, a fim de tornar o discurso mais apropriado ao eleitor contemporâneo. A crescente midiatização das disputas políticas aumenta, assim, a importância do Horário Político Gratuito Eleitoral (HPGE). O presente artigo analisa os programas transmitidos no HPGE das campanhas eleitorais 2004 no município de Ponta Grossa, estado do Paraná, enfocando as características midiáticas dos candidatos a prefeito e as estratégias de exposição mais utilizadas na busca pelo voto.
IMIGRANTES AFRICANOS E NEGROS BRASILEIROS: A IDENTIDADE IMAGINADA NA IMPRENSA PORTUGUESA E BRASILEIRA
Authors: Ferreira de Carvalho Borges Rosangela
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar como é construída não só a identidade étnica dos imigrantes negros africanos dos PALOP (Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa, nomeadamente Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique e São Tomé e Príncipe) e seus descendentes nos jornais portugueses Público, Correio da Manhã e O Expresso, em 2003, 2004 e 2005, como também do negro brasileiro na revista Raça Brasil durante o mesmo período, num estudo comparado entre Brasil e Portugal. Procura-se, também, não privilegiar apenas os resultados por si mesmos, mas evidenciar a reflexão da relação entre mídia e identidade étnica e os vínculos das ações particulares e o contexto em que estas se dão. Este artigo é resultante da pesquisa de doutorado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais/Antropologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP e no Instituto de Estudos Jornalísticos da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal, concluída em 20081.
Emotional reflexivity in contexts of migration: How the consideration of internal processes is necessary to explain agency
Authors: Albrecht Yvonne
Published: April 2018

Current societies are configured in such a way that relations with others are less defined and social conditions are complex and often nontransparent (e.g. Holmes, 2015; Bauman, 2003). There is never-ending uncertainty over how to act and how to feel. Set rules on how to feel no longer exist (Hochschild, 1983; Neckel, 2005; Wouters, 1999). These conditions also pose a challenge in migration processes: clear demarcations and unwavering sense of belonging are often not possible “just like that” (Albrecht, 2016, p. 1). This implies challenges for the individual. To this effect, emotions become increasingly important in navigating one’s own path through uncertain conditions (Holmes, 2015). The following paper addresses how emotional reflexivity processes are relevant for individuals in these situations. As such, emotional reflexivity must be defined as a process of internal adjustment between emotional activity and emotional passivity. The result of this process is visible through a level of action which can also consist in taking no action at all (Helfferich, 2012). Therefore, the paper suggests a modified definition of the terms agency and “emotional reflexivity”. The definition of emotional reflexivity includes several aspects of Holmes’s (2015; 2010) and Burkitt’s (2012) former definitions and expands on them. Emotional reflexivity – internal adjustments of emotional activity and passivity – will be illustrated using empirical data on current processes of migration to Germany.
Creativity, interactivity and the hidden structures of power: a reflection on the history and current reality of the museum with the eyes of Foucault
Authors: Seebach Swen
Published: April 2018

This article reflects on the developments of and concerning the museum as a dispositive. It argues why the museum must be considered a dispositive. Then it follows the developments of the modern museum as a dispositive from its rise in the 19th century towards its current digital form. A critical historical reflection shows how structures of power, working within the museum, have changed. This article presents how relations of power in the museum are being woven, and how they produce respectively forms of freedom and regulation, according to the socio-historical context of which the museum is a part. Openness, inclusion and participation appear as key concepts that facilitate a better understanding of the structures of power within the late modern digital museum. These key concepts will help explain why and how the museum as a dispositive connects and relates with late modern society. Corresponding dangers will be pointed out along 3 key dimensions that can be found in the museum – the museum as place of experience, the museum as place of individual effect and data extraction, and the museum as place of creative production and self-exploitation. As a conclusion, the article wants not only to point at important and critical aspects of the late modern museum, but also to provide suggestions for improvements in the future.
Ovarian Odyssey
Authors: Di Maggio Diane
Published: October 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatrician thwarted a likely fatal cancer after undergoing genetic testing after noticing a pattern in her family that turned out to be caused by a genetic variation.
Mortality, Criminal Sanctions, and Court Diversion in People With Psychosis
Authors: Spike Erin , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Butler Tony , Trollor Julian , Jones Jocelyn , Cripps Kyllie , Sara Grant , Grant Luke , Allnutt Stephen , Greenberg David , Schofield Peter W. , Adily Armita , Chowdhury Nabila Zohora , Kariminia Azar
Published: October 2024

Importance

People living with psychosis experience excess premature mortality and are overrepresented in criminal legal systems, but little is known about mortality associated with criminal sanctions or diversion in this population.

Objective

To examine associations of different types of recent (past 2 years) criminal sanction, including court diversion, with mortality among people with psychosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, retrospective, data-linkage cohort study was conducted using 6 routinely collected administrative data collections from New South Wales, Australia, relating to health, court proceedings, imprisonment, and mortality. Participants (adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized for psychotic disorders) entered observation at the time of discharge from their first psychosis-related hospital admission (or their 18th birthday if aged <18 years) between July 2001 and November 2017 and were followed-up until May 2019. Data were analyzed between February 2023 and April 2024.

Exposures

Recent (past 2 years) criminal sanction type, a time-varying variable with 5 categories: no recent criminal sanction, recent mental health court diversion, recent community sanction, current imprisonment, and recent prior imprisonment (ie, recent prison release).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Causes of death were described, and age- and sex-specific mortality rates by recent criminal sanction type were calculated. In those younger than 65 years, Cox regression was used to examine associations of all-cause and external-cause mortality with recent criminal sanction type, adjusting for sociodemographic, health-related, and offense-related confounders.

Results

The cohort included 83 071 persons (35 791 female [43.1%]; 21 208 aged 25-34 years [25.5%]; median [IQR] follow-up, 9.5 [4.8-14.2] years), of whom 25 824 (31.1%) received a criminal sanction. There were 11 355 deaths. In those aged younger than 65 years, recent mental health court diversion, community sanctions, and prior imprisonment were associated with increased hazards of all-cause and external-cause mortality compared with no recent sanction, with the largest adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) observed for recent prior imprisonment (all-cause mortality: aHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.50-1.91; external-cause mortality: aHR, 2.64; 95% CI, 2.27-3.06).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of people with psychosis, recent criminal sanctions were associated with increased mortality irrespective of sanction type. These findings suggest that future research should develop strategies to improve health and safety in people with psychosis who have criminal legal system contact.
Tocolysis and Neurodevelopment of Children Born Very Preterm
Authors: Plouchart Thibault , Sabatier Thibaut , Muller Jean-Baptiste , Pinto Cardoso Gaëlle , Sentilhes Loïc , Bénichou Jacques , Marret Stéphane
Published: October 2024

Importance

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm children exposed to tocolytics are not well described.

Objective

To investigate whether tocolysis administered after spontaneous preterm labor is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5.5 years and to assess whether the type of tocolytic drug is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants exposed.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, national, population-based cohort study used data from the French Etude Épidémiologique sur les Petits Âges Gestationnels–2 cohort. Children who were alive and participated in an assessment at 5.5 years and whose mothers experienced spontaneous preterm labor without an infectious context and delivered at 24 to 31 weeks were eligible for this study. Recruitment occurred from March to December 2011. Follow-up at age 5.5 years was conducted from September 2016 to December 2017. Data analysis was performed from July 2023 through April 2024.

Exposures

The primary analysis examined tocolytics (yes vs no), and the secondary analysis examined the type of tocolytic (atosiban vs calcium channel blockers [CCBs]).

Main Outcome and Measure

The composite outcome neurodevelopmental disabilities included cerebral palsy; visual, hearing, and cognitive deficiencies; developmental coordination disorders; or behavioral problems.

Results

A total of 1055 mothers (mean [SD] age, 29.2 [5.7] years) had preterm labor without fever and gave birth to 1320 children (704 male [weighted percentage, 53.3%; 95% CI, 50.6%-56.1%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 28.8 [2.0] weeks). Overall, 776 mothers (weighted percentage, 73.5%; 95% CI, 70.8%-76.2%) received tocolytics; 136 mothers (weighted percentage, 17.9%; 95% CI, 15.3%-20.8%) received only a CCB, and 295 mothers (weighted percentage, 37.6%; 95% CI, 34.2%-41.0%) received only atosiban. From modified Poisson regression with propensity score matching, the risk of overall neurodevelopmental disabilities (mild, moderate, or severe) at 5.5 years did not differ between preterm children exposed and not exposed to tocolytics (relative risk [RR], 1.11; 95% CI, 0.85-1.45; P = .44) or in preterm infants exposed to atosiban compared with those exposed to CCBs (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.67-1.32; P = .71).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, tocolytics were not associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities among very preterm children surviving at 5.5 years.
Vasomotor Symptom Trajectories and Risk of Incident Diabetes
Authors: Hedderson Monique M. , Liu Emily F. , Lee Catherine , El Khoudary Samar R. , Gold Ellen B. , Derby Carol A. , Thurston Rebecca C.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study evaluates the association between frequency and trajectories of vasomotor symptoms with incident type 2 diabetes among premenopausal or perimenopausal women in the US.
A Novel Approach to Produce Metal–Metal Composites by Leveraging Immiscibility: Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nanosilver‐Dispersed Titanium
Authors: Shokri Hamed , Rittinghaus Silja‐Katharina , Schmelzer Janett , Bertrand Jessica , Gökce Bilal
Published: October 2024

The antimicrobial properties of silver ions are well known and effectively utilized in various biomedical applications. The efficacy of silver‐containing materials, particularly in terms of antimicrobial activity, heavily relies on the oxidizing surface, favoring nanosized silver features. However, producing such structures is challenging due to the high probability of miscibility in the liquid phase. Developing Ti–Ag composite alloys using the laser powder bed fusion technique with supported titanium powders and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represents a novel research pursuit, with no prior investigations reported. Incorporating AgNPs into titanium forms nanoislands, directly enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of biomedical components. In this study, it is aimed to explore the solubility limit of silver in titanium and the feasibility of achieving finely dispersed silver islands. Experimental findings reveal that incorporating AgNPs into Ti‐based alloys results in discrete silver islands (0.01–0.02 μm2) within the microstructure, governed by the solubility limit of silver in titanium. In this study, valuable insights into producing components with augmented biocompatibility and proven antibacterial properties against Staphylococci infections are offered. The successful development of Ti–Ag composite alloys, featuring finely dispersed silver islands, opens promising avenues for biomedical applications, enhancing their antibacterial characteristics and improving patient outcomes.
Flash Sintering of Bimetallic Assemblies for Turbine Disks in Next‐Generation Jet Engines
Authors: Saly Emmanuel , Villechaise Patrick , Sallot Pierre , Caradec Amélie , Cormier Jonathan
Published: October 2024

René 77 and another advanced powder metallurgy nickel‐based superalloy are flash‐sintered and joined to produce a dual‐alloy assembly. This innovative process allows for the sintering of powders to achieve high relative densities or the formation of solid joints in a shorter time than is feasible with conventional diffusion bonding techniques. Examination of the microstructure after heat treatments reveals that diffusion and recrystallization phenomena can modulate the transition zone. The creep properties of both alloys, evaluated using stress relaxation tests, do not seem to differ by more than an order of magnitude, while the higher thermal stability of René 77 compared to Alloy B at 800 °C tips the scales. In tension, base materials show very high properties, while bimetallic specimens exhibit at least higher properties than René 77. However, failure occurs at the bond at high temperatures due to the formation of an oxide film during the bonding process. These encouraging results illustrate the potential and constraints of the flash‐sintering process for producing dissimilar assemblies, which may enhance the properties of next‐generation aero‐engine turbine disks.
Precontouring as a Tool to Improve the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Printability of Inconel939 Thin Walls
Authors: Rodríguez‐Barber Ignacio , Fernández‐Blanco Ana María , Unanue‐Arruti Iker , Madariaga‐Rodríguez Iñaki , Milenkovic Srdjan , Pérez‐Prado María Teresa
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the influence of adding a contour scan prior to hatching (precontouring) on the printability of Inconel 939 thin‐wall sections produced by laser powder bed fusion. Walls with thicknesses ranging from 500 to 1500 μm, manufactured with two hatch scanning parameter sets that give rise to different microstructures and very high density in bulk samples of the same alloy, are investigated. It is shown that, while the texture as well as the grain size and shape is only influenced moderately by the contour scanning strategy, precontouring does lead to a significant reduction of the melt pool depth, an effect that is increasingly pronounced with decreasing wall thickness. This work highlights the role of the precontour scan as a heat sink, shifting the normalized enthalpy input toward lower values and thus limiting the accumulation of excess heat. Precontouring is put forward as a scanning strategy to improve the manufacturability of thin sections.
Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenges Facing Polymeric Hole Selective Materials in p–i–n Configuration
Authors: Ganesan Paramaguru , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Gao Peng
Published: October 2024

Polymeric hole‐selective materials (P‐HSMs) offer advantages like solution processability, tunable energy levels, and improved mechanical stability, making them suitable for large‐scale and flexible substrates. Poly[bis(4‐phenyl) (2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA) based p–i–n perovskite solar cells exhibit promising power conversion efficiency (PCE), but wettability, dopant, and cost challenges necessitate the development of advanced next‐generation P‐HSMs. To provide a clear understanding of the structural property with photovoltaic performance, this review classifies such newly developed P‐HSMs into five distinct structural categories. Specifically, this review discusses the current status, advancements, challenges, and prospects in structural design and synthetic variations, focusing on enhancing photovoltaic performance, wettability, mitigating surface defects, and stability. Notably, incorporating polar units into P‐HSMs enhances wettability and mitigates ion instabilities and uncoordinated lead defects. Promising structural designs like polymeric self‐assembled monolayers and in situ polymerized hole‐selective materials are examined. Despite performance advancements, emerging, P‐HSMs face significant challenges such as limited thermal stress analysis (55–85 °C) and scalability restricted to small‐scale devices. To bridge this gap, this review emphasizes the urgent need for prioritizing thermal stability testing and large‐scale device fabrication in future research, paving the way for commercial viability of P‐HSMs in p–i–n perovskite photovoltaics.
A Flatworm‐Like Hydrogel with Surface Double‐Network Structure for Re‐Programmable Multimode Actuations
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Lin , Zeng Zehao , Wang Tianle , Zhang Kaihang , Sun Ye , Yang Lang , Feng Xueliang , Sun Qiankun , Ma Chunxin , Xiao Shengwei , Liu Zhenzhong , Liu Jun , Yang Xuxu
Published: October 2024

Programmable stimuli‐responsive hydrogels have rapidly developed for various complex biomimetic actuations, but they commonly can only be programmed once. Herein, a flatworm‐like hydrogel (FLH) with bi‐surface double‐network structure (photothermal‐responsive FLH‐1 and pH‐responsive FLH‐2) has been explored, through UV‐polymerizing sodium poly(methylacrylic‐acid) (PMAA‐Na) and poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) second‐networks on two surfaces of polyacrylamide‐graphene (PAAm‐G) substrate hydrogel first‐network respectively. First, the graphene can both control the thickness of the UV‐polymerized surface second‐network and endow the FLH with high‐efficient photothermal conversion for near‐infrared light (NIR)‐responsive actuation. More importantly, different from common pH‐/photothermal bi‐responsive actuating hydrogels, one FLH can be designed as various original shapes by pH‐responsive FLH‐2, for reprogrammable NIR‐responsive multimode complex actuations via FLH‐1. Finally, the FLH‐1 and FLH‐2 can be strongly integrated together by the interpenetrating structure of flatworm‐like structure between second‐network and first‐network, to endow the FLH with excellent stability for enduring complex deformations. Consequently, the synergy of re‐programmable original shapes via FLH‐2 and NIR‐responsive actuation by FLH‐1, can endow one FLH with multimode actuations for high‐level biomimetic devices. This work can provide a general method by non‐touching design of re‐programmable hydrogel with two stimuli‐responsive layers for multimode complex actuations, which also will inspire explorations of other reprogrammable intelligent materials.
TLR Agonist Nano Immune Therapy Clears Peritoneal and Systemic Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Marwedel Ben , De May Henning , Anderson Lauren , Medina Lorél Y. , Kennedy Ellie , Flores Erica , O'Rourke John , Olewine Marian , Lagutina Irina , Fitzpatrick Lillian , Shultz Fred , Kusewitt Donna F. , Bartee Eric , Adams Sarah , Noureddine Achraf , Serda Rita E.
Published: October 2024

Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of immunogenic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (iMSN) in a mouse model of metastatic ovarian cancer promotes the development of tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells and protective immunity. IP delivery of iMSN functionalized with the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists polyethyleneimine (PEI), CpG oligonucleotide, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulated rapid uptake by all peritoneal myeloid subsets. Myeloid cells quickly transported iMSN to milky spots and fat‐associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) present in tumor‐burdened adipose tissues, leading to a reduction in suppressive T cells and an increase in activated memory T cells. Two doses of iMSN cleared or reduced ovarian and colorectal cancer and protected against future tumor engraftment. In contrast, subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) delivery of iMSN were without therapeutic effect in mice with peritoneal metastases, supporting the need for activation of regional immune cells. Remarkably, intraperitoneal delivery of iMSN cleared subcutaneously implanted ovarian cancer, supporting homing of antigen specific T cells to extraperitoneal tumor sites.
Surface Defects Control Bulk Carrier Densities in Polycrystalline Pb‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Cahen David , Rakita Yevgeny , Egger David A. , Kahn Antoine
Published: October 2024

The (opto)electronic behavior of semiconductors depends on their (quasi‐)free electronic carrier densities. These are regulated by semiconductor doping, i.e., controlled “electronic contamination”. For metal halide perovskites (HaPs), the functional materials in several device types, which already challenge some of the understanding of semiconductor properties, this study shows that doping type, density and properties derived from these, are to a first approximation controlled via their surfaces. This effect, relevant to all semiconductors, and already found for some, is very evident for lead (Pb)‐HaPs because of their intrinsically low electrically active bulk and surface defect densities. Volume carrier densities for most polycrystalline Pb‐HaP films (<1 µm grain diameter) are below those resulting from even < 0.1% of surface sites being electrically active defects. This implies and is consistent with interfacial defects controlling HaP devices in multi‐layered structures with most of the action at the two HaP interfaces. Surface and interface passivation effects on bulk electrical properties are relevant to all semiconductors and are crucial for developing those used today. However, because bulk dopant introduction in HaPs at controlled ppm levels for electronic‐relevant carrier densities is so difficult, passivation effects are vastly more critical and dominate, to first approximation, their optoelectronic characteristics in devices.
A Synergistically Enhanced Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator Enabled by Multifunctional Amorphous Alloy for Highly Efficient Self‐Powered System
Authors: Gong Shaokun , Tang Benzhen , Liu Chengxu , Zhao Wei , Chen Jie , Yu Peng , Guo Hengyu
Published: October 2024

Triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid generator (TEHG) has emerged as an effective technology for mechanical energy harvesting. However, the independent operation of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG), along with tribo‐materials wear and magnetic field divergence, constrain the device's overall performance. To address these challenges, a synergistically enhanced TEHG (SE‐TEHG) is proposed based on the multifunctional amorphous alloy. Following detailed material analyses, Fe72Si8B20 is selected as the synergistic layer for its low surface roughness, high Vickers‐hardness, amorphous structure, and high magnetization. Compared to Al, this material not only boosts TENG's output current and current retention rate by 28.75% and 85.24%, but also improves EMG's output power by 51.05%. In constructing a self‐powered system with TEHG, a significant impedance discrepancy exists between the energy harvester (with matched impendence of 16 MΩ for TENG and 110 kΩ for EMG) and the application end. Without power management circuits, the demonstrated self‐powered variable impedance system achieves an energy utilization efficiency that is 2.98 times greater than the conventional constant impedance system. The integration of multifunctional materials to realize strong‐coupling hybrid generators, combined with the customization of variable impedance systems, set a milestone in efficient mechanical energy harvesting and utilization.
Improving the Photochemical Skeletal Enlargement of Pyridines to 1,2‐Diazepines with Isocyanates
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Damond Aurélie , Marrot Jérôme , Moreau Xavier
Published: October 2024

In this work, we extend the one‐pot protocol to synthesize 1,2‐diazepines from commercially available and cheap starting materials. Capitalizing on isocyanate derivatives as activating agents, the photochemical skeletal enlargement occurs, while preserving key functional groups embedded in more than 30 substrates. We also demonstrated that isocyanates can be generated in situ exploiting the wealth of methods starting from bench stable resources. Compare to previous strategies, the use of these precursors prevents the presence of deleterious HCl traces in the system, thus enabling the synthesis of 1,2‐diazepines in high yields over up to 5 sequential steps.
From Synthesis to Energy Storage, The Microchemistry of MXene and MBene
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Wei , Chen Ruwei , Dai Yuhang , Zhang Jichao , Yang Hang , Zong Wei , Jiang Zhengjing , Zhong Yunpeng , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Xinyu , He Guanjie
Published: October 2024

MXene and MBene, with diverse and adjustable surface and bulk structures, show many unique chemical properties and are applied in various energy storage technologies, and the latest developments for them are reviewed respectively. However, the current reports on the synthesis of the two materials and the application of related devices are still separate and limited to the macro details. In this review, the microscopic chemistry of synthesis strategies for MXene and MBene and the differences in synthesis strategies caused by the structure differences between them are elucidated. Later, the impact of synthesis strategies on their overall morphologies and subsequent material property differences are discussed, and key considerations in the field of energy storage are described. Next, it is elaborated on how the surface and bulk phases of MXene and MBene utilize these properties to participate in electrochemical reactions individually or synergistically. Unlike previous reviews, MXene and MBene are incorporated into a unified framework from a microscopic perspective for discussion, and the relationship of synthesis‐structure/properties‐function is elucidated. Finally, the “skipping strategy” and “joint devices” as the next‐generation design concepts of MXene in the synthesis and application fields, and the development template for MBene materials are proposed.
Mitigating Long Range Jahn‐Teller Ordering to Stabilize Mn Redox Reaction in Biphasic Layered Sodium Oxide
Authors: Li Shihao , Zhou Wei , Liu Fangyan , Guan Chaohong , Gao Xianggang , Zhang Yi , Jin Rui , Lai Yanqing , Zhang Zhian
Published: October 2024

To develop the next‐generation commercial oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries, it is crucial to reduce the expensive Ni element content, and further regulate redox reaction of cheap transition metal elements such as Mn to elevate specific capacity. Nevertheless, the activation of Mn redox reaction (MRR) remains a challenge, and notably, MRR induces pronounced Jahn‐Teller effect, resulting in severe structural distortion and fast performance decay. Herein, activated by Na vacancies and weakened hybridization of O (2p)‐TM (3d‐t2g) orbital, a biphasic low‐Ni Mn‐based oxide P2/O3‐Na0.8Ni0.23Fe0.34Mn0.43O2 (P2/O3) exhibits reversible MRR, which performs the transition between Mn4+ and Mn3+ during charging and discharging. Due to the interlaced arrangement of P2‐type and O3‐type crystal domains in P2/O3, the long range Jahn‐Teller ordering is restricted to mitigate the cooperative distortion of MnO6 octahedron induced by MRR and the Jahn‐Teller effect is suppressed, ensuring sustained stable involvement of MRR in charge compensation. In addition, owing to the introduction of P2‐type phase, there is a significant reduction of the migration barrier for sodium ions and no obvious capacity decline after air exposure, leading to a marked enhancement in dynamic performance and air stability of P2/O3, respectively. Consequently, P2/O3 exhibits excellent electrochemical and processing performance.
The Operando Nature of Isobutene Adsorbed in Zeolite H−SSZ−13 Unraveled by Machine Learning Potentials Beyond DFT Accuracy
Authors: Bocus Massimo , Vandenhaute Sander , Van Speybroeck Veronique
Published: October 2024

Unraveling the nature of adsorbed olefins in zeolites is crucial to understand numerous zeolite‐catalyzed processes. A well‐grounded theoretical description critically depends on both an accurate determination of the potential energy surface (PES) and a reliable account of entropic effects at operating conditions. Herein, we propose a transfer learning approach to perform random phase approximation (RPA) quality enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations, thereby approaching chemical accuracy on both the determination and exploration of the PES. The proposed methodology is used to investigate isobutene adsorption in H−SSZ−13 as prototypical system to estimate the relative stability of physisorbed olefins, carbenium ions and surface alkoxide species (SAS) in Brønsted‐acidic zeolites. We show that the tert‐butyl carbenium ion formation is highly endothermic and no entropic stabilization is observed compared to the physisorbed complex within H−SSZ−13. Hence, its predicted concentration and lifetime are negligible, making a direct experimental observation unlikely. Yet, it remains a shallow minimum on the free energy surface over the whole considered temperature range (273–873 K), being therefore a short‐lived reaction intermediate rather than a transition state species.
Epitaxial Growth of Silver Clusters from Ag57 to Ag72 via Laminating Multiple Different Anion Templates
Authors: Sheng Kai , Han Bao‐Liang , Wang Zhi , Gao Zhi‐Yong , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di
Published: October 2024

The established capability of anion templates in precisely manipulating the size, geometry, and function of metal clusters is well acknowledged. However, the development of a systematic methodology for orchestrating the assembly of silver clusters, particularly those encompassing multiple distinct types of anion templates, remains elusive due to the formidable synthetic challenge. In this work, we report two novel silver clusters, Ag57 and Ag72, using two and three different anion templates, respectively. Ag57 features a gyroscope‐like monovalent cation with an Ag3 triangle core sandwiched by one [SiW9O34]10− and a triad of Cl− anion templates. By intentionally introducing the third anion template, SO42−, the structure is expanded to the unprecedented Ag72 (with 15 silver atoms epitaxially grown on top of Ag57) resembling a tumbler, inside of which two Ag3 layers are laminated by one [SiW9O34]10−, seven Cl− and one SO42− anion templates in parallel with respect to longitudinal orientation. It is noteworthy that Ag72 exhibits remarkable structural complexity and represents a pioneering achievement as the first silver cluster incorporating three distinct types of anion templates. In addition, Ag72 demonstrates a significant advantage over Ag57, particular in terms of applications such as luminescent thermometers and remote laser ignition. This work not only broadens the horizon for precise control of the silver cluster structures through the integration of multiple types of hetero‐anions but also lays a solid foundation for potential optical applications in the future.
Fluorescence Modulation through the Inverted Energy Gap Law in Triply N−B←N‐Containing Windmill‐Shaped Triazines
Authors: Feng Yi , Wang Liangxuan , Gao Hongcheng , Zhou Jiadong , Stolte Matthias , Qiu Honglin , Liu Linlin , Adebayo Victor , Boggio‐Pasqua Martial , Würthner Frank , Gierschner Johannes , Xie Zengqi
Published: October 2024

A series of windmill‐shape heterocyclic molecules containing three N−B←N units, TBN and its derivatives, with quasi‐planar C3 symmetric backbone, are synthesized. The parent TBN exhibits a strongly allowed, doubly degenerate lowest excited state but suffers from very low fluorescence, due to very fast nonradiative decay rate through a conical intersection (CI) as revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical calculations. Introducing peripheral phenyl‐ or thienyl‐groups (Ph‐TBN or Th‐TBN) induces pronounced bathochromic shifts and enhances fluorescence, which is beneficial from inhibited nonradiative pathway by the increased energy barriers to access the CI at excited state. The understanding of this rather uncommon behaviour may open routes for the design of novel fluorescence materials.
Localized High‐Concentration Electrolyte for All‐Carbon Rechargeable Dual‐Ion Batteries with Durable Interfacial Chemistry
Authors: Liu Rui , Xu Yan‐Song , Zhou Rui , Tan Shuang‐Jie , Li Yun‐Nuo , Jiang Si‐Jie , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo , Cao Fei‐Fei
Published: October 2024

Lithium‐based rechargeable dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) based on graphite anode‐cathode combinations have received much attention due to their high resource abundance and low cost. Currently, the practical realization of the batteries is hindered by easy oxidation of the electrolyte at the cathode interface, and solvent co‐intercalation at the anode‐electrolyte interface. Configuration of a “solvent‐in‐salt” electrolyte with a high concentration of Li salt is expected to stabilize the electrolyte chemistry versus both electrodes, yet inevitably reduces the mobility of the solvated working ions and increases the cost of the electrolyte. Herein, we propose to build a localized high‐concentration electrolyte by adding hydrofluoroether as the diluent to reduce the salt content while improving the solvation structure, allowing more anions to enter the inner solvation sheath. The new electrolyte helps to form uniform and thin interfaces, with elevated contents of inorganic fluorides, on both electrodes, which effectively suppress electrolyte oxidation at the cathode and optimize electrolyte‐electrode compatibility at the anode while facilitating charge transfer across the interface. Consequently, the DIBs with graphite as anode and cathode operate for 3000 cycles and retain a high‐capacity retention of 95.7 %, highlighting the importance of stable interfacial chemistry in boosting the electrochemical performance of DIBs.
Bowl‐Shaped Anthracene‐Fused Antiaromatic Ni(II) Norcorrole: Synthesis, Structure, Assembly with C60, and Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Wang Kaisheng , Ghosh Aninda , Shimizu Daiki , Takano Hideaki , Ishida Masatoshi , Kishi Ryohei , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of bowl‐shaped antiaromatic molecules is challenging because the molecular distortion further destabilizes these already inherently reactive molecules. Here, we report the synthesis and properties of bowl‐shaped fused anthrylnorcorroles that exhibit near‐infrared (NIR) absorption reaching 1900 nm. The oxidation of meso‐anthryldibromodipyrrin provides fused anthryldibromodipyrrin, which was converted to the fused mono‐ and bisanthrylnorcorroles through Ni(0)‐mediated intramolecular coupling with a bis(dibromodipyrrin) Ni(II) complex. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed bowl‐shaped structures for the fused mono‐ and bisanthrylnorcorroles, which enables them to act as suitable receptors for C60 with bonding constants of 2.89×103 M−1 and 1.59×103 M−1, respectively. The formation of a 1 : 1 complex between the fused monoanthrylnorcorrole and C60 was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The effective expansion of the π‐conjugation through the triple fusion of the norcorrole with the anthracene units substantially enhances the near‐infrared absorption bands, which endows these anthrylnorcorroles with effective photothermal conversion.
Soziale Kosten von Bauprojekten – systematische Literaturübersicht und Handlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Weissinger Marcel , Lieb Sarah , Jünger Hans Christian
Published: October 2024

Die Weltbevölkerung nimmt derzeit noch zu. Der Bedarf an Wohnungen, Bildungs‐ und Betreuungseinrichtungen, Logistik und Infrastruktur in innerstädtischen Gebieten steigt. Die damit verbundenen Baumaßnahmen beeinträchtigen die Nachbarschaften, die Nutzungen des Quartiers sowie den städtischen Verkehr und verursachen gesellschaftliche Kosten für die umgebenden Strukturen (sog. soziale Kosten). Da der Fokus bei Investitionsentscheidungen von Bauherren aktuell jedoch überwiegend auf den Investitionskosten liegt, werden die sozialen Kosten nur selten in Bauprojekten berücksichtigt bzw. internalisiert. Sie sind folglich von der Gesellschaft zu tragen. International existieren bereits Untersuchungen zu den sozialen Kosten von Bauprojekten. Ein aktueller, ganzheitlicher und systematischer Überblick fehlt bislang. Indes gewinnen nachhaltige Maßnahmen in der Bauabwicklung, die auch die sozialen Kosten von Bauprojekten beeinflussen, durch internationale Regulierungen, wie bspw. die Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) und die EU‐Taxonomie (ESG‐Kriterien), sowie nationale Regulierungen, wie bspw. die CO2‐Bepreisung und das Klimaschutzgesetz in Deutschland, an Bedeutung. Um die Folgen dieser Vorgaben einer ökonomischen Bewertung zuführen zu können, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag eine systematische Literaturübersicht zu den sozialen Kosten durchgeführt. Dies wird mit dem Ziel verfolgt, den Einsatz verträglicherer Maßnahmen in der Bauabwicklung zu fördern und deren Mehrwerte für die Gesellschaft aufzuzeigen. Im Aufsatz liegt der Schwerpunkt auf Hochbauprojekten.
Conjugated polymers as photocatalysts for hydrogen therapy
Authors: Mi Feixue , Zhao Ningjing , Jin Lingyue , Zhang Ziyi , Wang Xinyu , Fang Xiaofeng , Li Wenting , Liu Zhao , Shu Peng , Zhang Xuanjun , Wu Changfeng
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen as a therapeutic agent has attracted a great deal of attention because of its superior therapeutic outcome on many diseases, including inflammatory injury, tumors, metabolic disorders, and neurological diseases. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution has emerged as a promising strategy for hydrogen production and delivery. This review article presents the recent developments in the design and synthesis of conjugated polymer materials, including linear polymers and crosslinked conjugated materials, for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Particularly, we focus this review on the development of conjugated polymers as photocatalysts and the resulting hydrogen therapy in the fields of anti‐inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and cancer treatment. Finally, this article discusses the future research and perspective of conjugated polymer materials for hydrogen evolution and the potential clinical applications of hydrogen as a therapeutic agent.
ColMA‐based bioprinted 3D scaffold allowed to study tenogenic events in human tendon stem cells
Authors: Cortella Giacomo , Lamparelli Erwin Pavel , Ciardulli Maria Camilla , Lovecchio Joseph , Giordano Emanuele , Maffulli Nicola , Della Porta Giovanna
Published: October 2024

The advent of bioprinting has enabled the creation of precise three‐dimensional (3D) cell cultures suitable for biomimetic in vitro models. In this study, we developed a novel protocol for 3D printing methacrylated collagen (ColMa, or PhotoCol®) combined with tendon stem/progenitor cells (hTSPCs) derived from human tendon explants. Although pure ColMa has not previously been proposed as a printable hydrogel, this paper outlines a robust and highly reproducible pipeline for bioprinting this material. Indeed, we successfully fabricated a 3D bioengineered scaffold and cultured it for 21 days under perfusion conditions with medium supplemented with growth/differentiation factor‐5 (GDF‐5). This bioprinting pipeline and the culture conditions created an exceptionally favorable 3D environment, enabling the cells to proliferate, exhibit tenogenic behaviors, and produce a new collagen type I matrix, thereby remodeling the surrounding environment. Indeed, over the 21‐day culture period under perfusion condition, tenomodulin expression showed a significant upregulation on day 7, with a 2.3‐fold increase, compared to days 14 and 21. Collagen type I gene expression was upregulated nearly 10‐fold by day 14. This trend was further confirmed by western blot analysis, which revealed a statistically significant difference in tenomodulin expression between day 21 and both day 7 and day 14. For type I collagen, significant differences were observed between day 0 and day 21, as well as between day 0 and day 14, with a p‐value of 0.01. These results indicate a progressive over‐expression of type I collagen, reflecting cell differentiation towards a proper tenogenic phenotype. Cytokines, such as IL‐8 and IL‐6, levels peaked at 8566 and 7636 pg/mL, respectively, on day 7, before decreasing to 54 and 46 pg/mL by day 21. Overall, the data suggest that the novel ColMa bioprinting protocol effectively provided a conducive environment for the growth and proper differentiation of hTSPCs, showcasing its potential for studying cell behavior and tenogenic differentiation.
Single and Combinatorial Effects of Metformin and Thymoquinone in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Glamočlija Una , Mahmutović Lejla , Bilajac Esma , Šoljić Violeta , Vukojević Katarina , Sezer Abas , Suljagić Mirza
Published: October 2024

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is classified into Germinal Center B‐cell (GCB) and activated B‐cell (ABC) subgroups originating from different stages of lymphoid differentiation. Cell of origin dictates the behavior and therapeutic response of DLBCL. This study aimed to evaluate single and combinatorial effects of metformin and thymoquinone (TQ) in two DLBCL cell lines belonging to GCB and ABC subtypes. Metformin and TQ caused dose‐dependent responses in both ABC and GCB DLBCL subtypes. Metformin had a greater impact on the ABC subtype while TQ demonstrated more pronounced effects on the GCB subtype. Synergistic effects were observed in the DHL4 (GCB subtype) but not in the HBL1 (ABC subtype) cell line. This is the first study to compare the effects of metformin and TQ in ABC versus GCB subtype of DLBCL. It brings valuable results that could be utilized in further research aimed at reshaping treatments for subtype‐specific lymphomas.
Plantago boissieri: Phytochemical Assessment, Antioxidant, Anti‐inflammatory and Wound Healing Potential
Authors: Amin Elham , Abouzeid Hala , Afifi Naglaa , Aboud Heba M. , Abd El‐Ghafar Omnia A. M. , Alabdulrahim Alya K. , Ahmed Hayam S.
Published: October 2024

Plantago is a large genus under family Plantaginaceae. Several Plantago species were noted for potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and wound healing activities. The current research investigated the potential bioactivities as well as the metabolic content of Plantago boisserei extract. Results highlighted the rich content of phenolics (450.93±7.4 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (144.2±3.6 mg RE/g extract) in this species. HPLC analysis enabled the detection of 17 phenolic constituents among which ellagic acid was found in highest concentration (52.94 mg/g) followed by rutin (6.72 mg/g). Furthermore, P. boisserei extract exhibited a potent antioxidant activity evidenced by the IC50 values in ABTS and H2O2 assays (10.95 and 10.87 μg/mL, respectively) as well as in TAC assay (67.94 mg AAE/g). The anti‐microbial activities of the extract revealed a moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. In vitro testing of the anti‐inflammatory potential indicated a characteristic inhibition against COX‐1 and COX‐2 enzymes with IC50 62.8 and 14.23 μg/mL, respectively, compared to ibuprofen (IC50 8.07 and 6.58, respectively). Additionally, P. boisserei extract achieved a potent wound healing activity using in vivo rat model, this might be attributed to its high content of flavonoids together with other polyphenolic compounds that have a great free radical scavenging potential. In conclusion, P. boisserei is a promising candidate for more extensive phytochemical and biological exploration.
A Numerical Study on the Influence of Confining Walls on Drag and Heat Transfer Coefficients in Single‐Particle Lab‐Scale Reactors
Authors: Reinold Philipp , Kutscherauer Martin , Wehinger Gregor D.
Published: October 2024

Single‐particle reactors in lab‐scale are a promising technology to gain an in‐depth understanding of the intricate reaction and transport processes that occur in catalyst particles under operando conditions. It is not described whether the effect of the bounding walls in such narrow flow channels influence the processes at the particle. Therefore, this work applies three‐dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze the drag coefficient CD alongside the local and average particle Nusselt number Nup as characteristic local and integral quantities in the range of particle Reynolds numbers 10 ≤ Rep ≤ 103. An equation is derived to correct for the wall effects on CD and Nup and assist the experimenter in the interpretation of measured results.
A Survey on Heterogeneous CPU–GPU Architectures and Simulators
Authors: Alaei Mohammad , Yazdanpanah Fahimeh
Published: October 2024

Heterogeneous architectures are vastly used in various high performance computing systems from IoT‐based embedded architectures to edge and cloud systems. Although heterogeneous architectures with cooperation of CPUs and GPUs and unified address space are increasingly used, there are still a lot of open questions and challenges regarding the design of these architectures. For evaluation, validation and exploration of next generation of heterogeneous CPU–GPU architectures, it is essential to use unified heterogeneous simulators for analyzing the execution of CPU–GPU workloads. This article presents a systematic review on challenges of heterogeneous CPU–GPU architectures with covering a diverse set of literatures on each challenge. The main considered challenges are shared resource management, network interconnections, task scheduling, energy consumption, and programming model. In addition, in this article, the state‐of‐the‐art of heterogeneous CPU–GPU simulation platforms is reviewed. The structure and characteristics of five cycle‐accurate heterogeneous CPU–GPU simulators are described and compared. We perform comprehensive discussions on the methodologies and challenges of designing high performance heterogeneous architectures. Moreover, for developing efficient heterogeneous CPU–GPU simulators, some recommendations are presented.