bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Clinical Trial of Inreach With or Without Mailed Outreach to Promote Hepatitis C Screening in a Difficult-to-Reach Patient Population
Authors: Desai Nirali , Rich Nicole E. , Jain Mamta K. , Blackwell James-Michael , Murphy Caitlin C. , Perryman Patrice , McBryde Jennifer , Quirk Lisa , Clark Christopher , Villarreal Deyaun , Waljee Akbar K. , Gopal Purva , Singal Amit G.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment can significantly reduce the risk of liver-related mortality; however, many patients remain unaware of their infection in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of inreach, with and without mailed outreach, to increase HCV screening and follow-up in a large, difficult-to-reach patient population.

METHODS:

We conducted a pragmatic randomized clinical trial from August 2018 to May 2019 in a large safety-net health system. Patients born between 1945 and 1965 were randomly assigned (1:1) to inreach with an electronic health record reminder to providers (n = 6,195) or inreach plus mailed HCV screening outreach (n = 6,191) to complete HCV antibody screening. Outreach also included processes to promote HCV RNA testing among those with a positive HCV antibody and linkage to care among those with positive HCV RNA. The primary outcome was completion of HCV antibody testing within 3 months of randomization (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03706742).

RESULTS:

We included 12,386 eligible patients (median age 60 years; 46.5% Hispanic, 33.0% Black, and 16.0% White). In intent-to-treat analyses, HCV screening completion was significantly higher among inreach-plus-outreach patients than inreach-alone patients at 3 months (14.6% vs 7.4%, P < 0.001) and 6 months (17.4% vs 9.8%, P < 0.001) after randomization. Among those who completed HCV screening within 6 months, a higher proportion of inreach-plus-outreach patients with positive antibody results completed RNA testing within 3 months than inreach-alone patients (81.1% vs 57.1%, respectively, P = 0.02); however, linkage to care within 3 months of HCV infection confirmation did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (48.1% vs 75.0%, respectively, P = 0.24).

DISCUSSION:

Among difficult-to-reach patients, a combination of inreach and mailed outreach significantly increased HCV screening compared with inreach alone. However, HCV screening completion in both arms remained low, highlighting a need for more intensive interventions.
Sex-Associated Gene Expression Alterations Correlate With Esophageal Cancer Survival
Authors: Weygant Nathaniel , Chang Karen , Jackson Christian S. , Vega Kenneth J.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a significant cause of cancer death with 5-year survival of 10%–15% and males more frequently affected. Genetic evaluation for loci highlighting risk has been performed, but survival data are limited. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets allow for potential prognostic marker assessment in large patient cohorts. The study aimed to use the TCGA EC data set to assess whether survival varies by sex and explore genetic alterations that may explain variation observed.

METHODS:

TCGA clinical/RNA-seq data sets (n = 185, 158 males/27 females) were downloaded from the cancer genome browser. Data analysis/figure preparation was performed in R and GraphPad Prism 7. Survival analysis was performed using the survival package. Text mining of PubMed was performed using the tm, RISmed, and wordcloud packages. Pathway analysis was performed using the Reactome database.

RESULTS:

In EC, male sex/high tumor grade reduced overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.27 [0.99–5.24] for M vs F and 2.49 [0.89–6.92] for low vs high grade, respectively) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 4.09 [0.98–17.03] for M vs F and 3.36 [0.81–14.01] for low vs high grade, respectively). To investigate the genetic basis for sex-based survival differences in EC, corresponding gene expression data were analyzed. Sixty-nine genes were dysregulated at the P < 0.01 level by the Wilcox test, 33% were X-chromosome genes, and 7% were Y-chromosome genes.

DISCUSSION:

Female sex potentially confers an EC survival advantage. Importantly, we demonstrate a genetic/epigenetic basis for these survival differences that are independent of lifestyle-associated risk factors overrepresented in males. Further research may lead to novel concepts in treating/measuring EC aggressiveness by sex.
Bleeding After Elective Interventional Endoscopic Procedures in a Large Cohort of Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Kundumadam Shanker , Phatharacharukul Parkpoom , Reinhart Kathryn , Yousef Andrew , Shamseddeen Hani , Pike Francis , Patidar Kavish R. , Gromski Mark , Chalasani Naga , Orman Eric S.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Elective therapeutic endoscopy is an important component of care of cirrhotic patients, but there are concerns regarding the risk of bleeding. This study examined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of bleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), colonoscopic polypectomy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy in cirrhotic patients.

METHODS:

A cohort study of patients with cirrhosis who underwent the above procedures at a single center between 2012 and 2014 was performed. Patients with active bleeding at the time of procedure were excluded. Patients were followed for 30 days to assess for postprocedural bleeding and for 90 days for mortality.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,324 procedures were performed in 857 patients (886 upper endoscopies, 358 colonoscopies, and 80 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpies). After EVL, bleeding occurred in 2.8%; after polypectomy, bleeding occurred in 2.0%; and after sphincterotomy, bleeding occurred in 3.8%. Independent predictors of bleeding after EVL and polypectomy included younger age and lower hemoglobin. For EVL, bleeding was also associated with infection and model for end-stage liver disease-Na. International normalized ratio was associated with bleeding in univariate analysis only, and platelet count was not associated with bleeding in any procedure. Bleeding after EVL was associated with 29% 90-day mortality, and bleeding after polypectomy was associated with 14% mortality. Of the 3 patients with postsphincterotomy bleeding, none were outliers regarding their baseline characteristics.

DISCUSSION:

In patients with cirrhosis, bleeding occurs infrequently after elective therapeutic endoscopy and is associated with younger age, lower hemoglobin, and high mortality. Consideration of these risk factors may guide appropriate timing and preprocedural management to optimize outcomes.
Examination of Cotton Maturity and Maturity Distribution Using an Infrared Focal Plane Array Imaging System
Authors: Cintron Michael Santiago , Von Hoven Terri , Hinchliffe Doug J. , Hron Rebecca
Published: December 2020

Cotton maturity describes the thickness of the cotton secondary cell wall. There is a need for developing non-destructive methods for measuring maturity that also examine distribution. The current study seeks to expand reported infrared (IR)-based maturity determinations using an IR imaging system with a focal-plane array (FPA) detector. Adapted equations were used to examine the maturity of cotton standards and of a larger set of upland cotton varieties (30 total). Maturity values obtained with a Cottonscope and from IR determinations showed strong linearity, R2 = 0.95, while contour plots provided a visual representation of the maturity distribution in the samples. These results validate the use of IR measurement for examining cotton maturity and establish the use of the FPA IR system for examining and imaging cotton maturity distributions.
A bibliography experiment on research within the scope of industry 4.0 application areas in sports
Authors: Ünlü Yılmaz , Taş Zeki
Published: December 2020

Developed countries develop their production sites within the scope of industry 4.0 technology components and experience constant change and transformation to establish economic superiority. This situation allows them to produce more in various fields and thus to rise to a more advantageous position economically. Industry 4.0 technology affects areas within the scope of the sports industry such as sports tourism, athlete performance, athlete health, sports publishing, sports textile products, sports education and training, sports management and human resources, and creates an international competition environment in terms of production and performance. In this study, it is aimed to examine the researches about the usage areas of industry 4.0 in sports. From this point on, researches in the context of the subject have been presented with bibliographic method. In the conclusion section, the weaknesses and possibilities of youth sociology were discussed, and efforts were made to present a projection on what to do about the field. In this respect, a youth sociology evaluation has been tried to be made on the prominent topics, forgotten aspects and themes left incomplete in youth sociology studies. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Gelişmiş ülkeler endüstri 4.0 teknolojisi bileşenleri kapsamında üretim sahalarını geliştirmekte ve ekonomik üstünlük kurmak amacıyla sürekli değişim ve dönüşüm yaşamaktadır. Bu durum onların çeşitli alanlarda daha fazla üretmelerine dolayısıyla ekonomik yönden daha avantajlı konuma yükselmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Endüstri 4.0 teknolojisi spor turizmi, sporcu performansı, sporcu sağlığı, spor yayıncılığı, spor tekstil ürünleri, spor eğitimi ve öğretimi, spor yönetimi ve insan kaynakları gibi spor endüstrisi kapsamındaki alanları etkilemekte üretim ve performans yönünden ülkeler arası bir rekabet ortamı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada endüstri 4.0’ın sporda kullanım alanları ile ilgili araştırmaların incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle konu bağlamındaki araştırmalar bibliyografik metodla ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç bölümünde ise sporda endüstri 4.0 kullanım alanları tartışılmış, alana olan katkıları ve olumuz etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
Is the OUTPUT Sports Unit Reliable and Valid When Estimating Back Squat and Bench Press Concentric Velocity?
Authors: Merrigan Justin J. , Martin Joel R.
Published: December 2020

Merrigan, JJ and Martin, JR. Is the OUTPUT sports unit reliable and valid when estimating back squat and bench press concentric velocity? J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2069–2076, 2022—This study evaluated the reliability and concurrent validity of the OUTPUT sports inertial unit to measure concentric velocity of free-weight back squat and bench press exercises. Eleven men and women performed back squat and bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM) testing. One week later, subjects performed 3 repetitions of each exercise with 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85% 1RM (18 total repetitions). The OUTPUT and 4 cable extension transducers (criterion) simultaneously recorded the mean and peak velocity. The OUTPUT had acceptable reliability for all loads except 85% 1RM for back squat and bench press (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.72–0.96, coefficient of variation = 0.03–0.12). High systematic biases existed for the mean and peak velocity for the back squat and bench press, according to Bland-Altman plot's wide limits of agreement and ordinary least products regressions. According to Bland-Altman plots, OUTPUT tended to overestimate bench press velocity and overestimate back squat velocity at slower velocities. Least products regression analyses determined proportional bias existed for the mean and peak velocity of the back squat and peak velocity of the bench press. In conclusion, researchers and practitioners are advised not to compare velocity estimates of the OUTPUT unit with criterion devices because these methods cannot be used interchangeably. However, because of the demonstrated reliability when estimating the mean and peak velocity, strength and conditioning practitioners may find the OUTPUT unit valuable for monitoring performance of the back squat and bench press exercises. Yet, caution should be taken when evaluating loads ≥85% 1RM.
Correlations Between Jump Performance in Block and Attack and the Performance in Official Games, Squat Jumps, and Countermovement Jumps of Professional Volleyball Players
Authors: Berriel Guilherme P. , Schons Pedro , Costa Rochelle R. , Oses Victor Hugo S. , Fischer Gabriela , Pantoja Patrícia D. , Kruel Luiz Fernando M. , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo A.
Published: December 2020

Berriel, GP, Schons, P, Costa, RR, Oses, VHS, Fischer, G, Pantoja, PD, Kruel, LFM, and Peyré-Tartaruga, LA. Correlations between jump performance in block and attack and the performance in official games, squat jumps, and countermovement jumps of professional volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S64–S69, 2021—The jump used in performance tests must be chosen according to the specificity. The aims of the present study were to analyze the correlations between height and reach of block and attack jumps and the effectiveness of such actions in official games and also the relationship between height and reach of attack and block jumps and the height achieved in squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and CMJ with an arms swing (CMJA). Thirteen, male, professional volleyball players who competed in the Brazilian Volleyball Super League participated in this study. Evaluations of height and reach of attack and block jumps and height of SJ, CMJ, and CMJA were performed. Attack and block effectiveness were evaluated in 8 official games. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was used, and the significance level was set at α ≤ 0.05. Attack jump height correlated with attack effectiveness in the games (r = 0.57; p = 0.05). Block jump height presented a very large correlation with SJ height (r = 0.82; p < 0.01), and attack jump height presented a very large correlation with CMJ height (r = 0.86; p < 0.01). Success in attack actions is directly associated with the athlete's ability to perform a vertical jump. Moreover, SJ, CMJ, and CMJA tests provided information of great applicability for the volleyball players' needs. Because of the relevance of the results, these tests should be included in the assessment routine of professional volleyball players.
Muscle Strength Does Not Adapt From a Second to Third Bout of Eccentric Contractions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Repeated Bout Effect
Authors: Lindsay Angus , Abbott Gavin , Ingalls Christopher P. , Baumann Cory W.
Published: December 2020

Lindsay, A, Abbott, G, Ingalls, CP, and Baumann, CW. Muscle strength does not adapt from a second to third bout of eccentric contractions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the repeated bout effect. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 576–584, 2021—The greatest muscle strength adaptations to repeated bouts of eccentric contractions (ECC) occur after the initial injury, with little to no change in subsequent bouts. However, because of the disparity in injury models, it is unknown whether three or more bouts provide further adaptation. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature to evaluate whether a third bout of skeletal muscle ECC impacts immediate strength loss and rate of strength recovery compared with a second bout. A search of the literature in Web of Science, SCOPUS, Medline, and the American College of Sports Medicine database was conducted between May and September 2019 using the keywords eccentric contraction or lengthening contraction and muscle and repeated or multiple, and bout. Eleven studies with 12 experimental groups, using 72 human subjects, 48 mice, and 11 rabbits, met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis using a random effects model and effect sizes (ESs; Hedges' g) calculated from the standardized mean differences was completed. Calculated ESs for immediate strength loss provided no evidence that a third bout of ECC results in greater loss of strength compared with a second bout (ES = −0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.41 to 0.17). Furthermore, the rate of strength recovery was not different between a second and third bout (ES = −0.15, 95% CI = −1.01 to 0.70). These results indicate a third bout of skeletal muscle ECC does not improve indices of strength loss or rate of strength recovery compared with a second bout. Therefore, coaches and athletes should expect some level of persistent weakness after each of their initial training sessions involving ECC, and the faster recovery of strength deficits in the second bout documented by previous research is not different from a third bout.
Step vs. Two-Phase Gradual Volume Reduction Tapering Protocols in Strength Training: Effects on Neuromuscular Performance and Serum Hormone Concentrations
Authors: Stina Seppänen , Häkkinen Keijo
Published: December 2020

Seppänen, S and Häkkinen, K. Step vs. two-phase gradual volume reduction tapering protocols in strength training: Effects on neuromuscular performance and serum hormone concentrations. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2771–2779, 2022—This study assessed effects of 2 reduced volume tapering protocols on neuromuscular performance and serum hormone concentrations in 14 recreationally strength-trained men (21–30 years). After an 8-week strength training period subjects were divided to the step (54% volume reduction immediately) and 2-phase gradual (38% reduction for the first week and 70% for the second week) tapering groups for 2 weeks. One repetition maximum (1RM) squat, maximal isometric bilateral leg press force (leg press MVIC), electromyography (EMG) of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis, cross-sectional area of VL, serum testosterone, cortisol, and sex hormone-binding globuline (SHBG) concentrations were measured before and repeatedly during training and tapering periods. Both tapering protocols led to significant increases (p < 0.01) in squat 1RM. However, the increase in the step group (3.4 ± 2.1%) was higher (p < 0.05) than in the gradual group (1.7 ± 0.9%). The maximal integrated EMG of VL increased (p < 0.05) during tapering in the step group. Serum testosterone concentration increased (p < 0.05) and T/SHBG ratio reached the highest level after 1-week tapering in the step group. In the gradual group, T/SHBG ratio was (p < 0.05) higher after the taper than after the training period. Individual changes in T/SHBG ratio in the total group correlated positively (p < 0.05) with individual changes in leg press MVIC during the taper. These results suggest that reducing training volume can be an effective way to peak maximal strength. However, a higher volume reduction rate at the beginning of taper seems to lead to more favorable changes in maximal strength accompanied by positive changes in the neuromuscular system and serum hormone concentrations when taper follows an overreaching period.
The Effect of Game-Related Contextual Factors on Sleep in Basketball Players
Authors: Fox Jordan L. , Scanlan Aaron T. , Stanton Robert , Sargent Charli
Published: December 2020

Fox, JL, Scanlan, AT, Stanton, R, and Sargent, C. The effect of game-related contextual factors on sleep in basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2942–2945, 2022—The purpose of this study was to determine whether contextual factors including game location, game outcome, and score-line margin influence subsequent nightly sleep duration and quality in basketball players. Seven semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored across one competitive season using self-reported sleep diaries and activity monitors. Linear mixed models and effect sizes (ESs) were used to compare sleep duration and quality following games based on game location (played at home or away venues), game outcome (win or loss), and score-line margin (balanced [≤ 8-point margin] or unbalanced [≥ 9-point margin]). Sleep onset was later following away games (ES = 0.79 ± 0.86 [moderate], p = 0.12), losses (ES = 0.63 ± 0.79 [moderate], p = 0.18), and unbalanced games (ES = 1.36 ± 0.90 [large], p = 0.01). Wake time was later following losses (ES = 1.14 ± 0.85 [moderate], p = 0.02). Sleep fragmentation was higher following wins (ES = 0.65 ± 0.74 [moderate], p = 0.17). Sleep efficiency was higher following losses (ES = 0.70 ± 0.80 [moderate], p = 0.14). All other differences in sleep variables yielded trivial-small ESs (p > 0.05). Because of the later sleep onset times of players, basketball practitioners should consider avoiding early morning travel or training sessions following away games, losses, and unbalanced games, to maintain similar nightly sleep durations in light of the contextual factors encountered. Basketball practitioners may also need to ensure player sleep is optimized following wins compared with losses given the lower quality observed.
Effects of lifestyle factors on fertility: practical recommendations for modification
Authors: Emokpae Mathias Abiodun , Brown Somieye Imaobong
Published: December 2020

The role that lifestyle factors play in fertility issues has generated some amount of interest and questions among stakeholders. This review aims to highlight the impact of lifestyle behaviors on the fertility potential of an individual and what can be done to prevent or improve reproductive outcomes. Relevant published articles on the effect of lifestyle behaviors were obtained from Medline, Pubmed and Google scholar search engines for the study. The review of the literature indicates a negative impact of modifiable lifestyle factors such as fat-rich diets, delayed childbearing/age of starting family, smoking, alcohol misuse, sexual behavior, anxiety/depression and perception/beliefs were associated with fertility. The ensuing stress precipitates social behaviors such as excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption, tobacco smoking, misuse of recreational drugs/medications, which increases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and infection leading to infertility. Practical recommendations to modify lifestyle behaviors and the impact of misconception of Assisted Reproductive Technology in the treatment of infertility are discussed. The need to make appropriate behavioral changes to stem the tide of infertility in Nigeria is imperative. More reproductive health education is needed to create the necessary awareness of the etiologies of infertility and the importance of in vitro fertilization treatment as a means of conceiving ‘natural’ babies is suggested.

Lay summary

Scientific evidence has suggested that modifiable lifestyle factors (consumption fat-rich diets, delayed childbearing/age of starting family, smoking, alcohol misuse, sexual behavior, anxiety/depression and perception/beliefs) play important roles in the general health and wellbeing of individuals including fertility. Evidence exists of an association between lifestyle behaviors and infertility in both men and women. Understanding the various processes through which modifiable lifestyle behaviors impair fertility will help to assist in the management of affected individuals. We conducted a comprehensive review of published studies to assess how lifestyle factors inhibit fertility and practical ways to ameliorate them. This review also deals with the misconception of Assisted Reproductive Technology in the treatment of infertility. The need to make appropriate behavioral changes to stem the tide of infertility in Nigeria is imperative. More reproductive health education is needed to create the necessary awareness of the causes of infertility and the importance of in vitro fertilization in the treatment of infertility.
Language, gender and sexuality in 2019: interrogating normativities in the field
Authors: Calder Jeremy
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the study of language, gender and sexuality has become increasingly global, multiracial, intersectional, crosslinguistic and queer- and trans-inclusive. The year 2019 continued this trajectory with a wave of research interrogating normativities, both among the speakers under analysis and among the researchers doing the analysing. While the analysis of linguistic practice has allowed language and gender scholars to probe the ways speakers normatively construct and ideologise the prototypical man, woman, gay person and transgender individual, theoretical and methodological advances in 2019 have also invited scholars to interrogate what is considered the prototypical study of language and gender. Interrogating normativities among both speakers and researchers has allowed for theoretical and methodological advances that paint a fuller picture of the multifaceted and context-specific relationship between language, identity and speaker agency.
Entanglement and feminist agency in picture books
Authors: Netz Hadar , Kuzar Ron
Published: December 2020

How are gender ideologies encoded in children’s picture books recommended as non-sexist? Previous research indicates that fully reversing gender roles and creating a gender-egalitarian universe of discourse might be an unrealistic authorial endeavour. In the current study, we examine a different kind of enterprise. Having identified a group of picture books to investigate, which we define as anti-sexist (rather than non-sexist), we apply the vocabulary of critical thought elsewhere applied to class, literature, race and gender, thereby offering a critical outlook to the analysis of feminist ideologies in picture books. We show how these anti-sexist books, rather than attempting to reverse dominant gender ideologies, make their female protagonists struggle their way from within openly presented sexist realities to agentive gender subversion. This struggle involves interplay between gender stereotypical and anti-stereotypical elements in moments of entanglement, which are ultimately resolved with a victorious moment of gender-subversive agency.
‘Reclaiming my time’: signifying, reclamation and the activist strategies of Black women’s language
Authors: Washington Adrienne Ronee
Published: December 2020

This article explores how three Black women use the culturally grounded semantic and rhetorical strategies of their discursive practices as modes of symbolic action to negotiate alternative relationships and realities in response to white supremacist patriarchy. Placing intersectional feminist perspectives in conversation with the literature on African American Women’s Language (AAWL), this research applies critical discourse analysis to cases of signifying and resignification (semantic reclamation). The interactions are taken from contemporary US politics: Maxine Waters’ assertion ‘Reclaiming my time’, Therese Okoumou’s literal retooling of ‘We go high’ and Samirah Raheem’s reclamation of ‘slut’. Together they highlight three iterations of Black womanhood, intersectional feminist linguistic resistance and gendered, racialised defiance to engage with the inclusive scope of feminism. The application of interdisciplinary insights to the analysis of AAWL herein demonstrates the broader social significance and productive political power of language for intersectional women, people of colour and gender minoritised communities.
Language, Gender and Parenthood Online: Negotiating Motherhood in Mumsnet Talk Jai Mackenzie (2019), New York: Routledge, 124 pp.
Authors: Teichert Laura
Published: December 2020

Language, Gender and Parenthood Online: Negotiating Motherhood in Mumsnet Talk Jai Mackenzie (2019) New York: Routledge, 124 pp.
Interreligious Dialogue as Language Negotiation
Authors: Dias Darren J
Published: December 2020

This article expresses suspicion over theories and theologies of dialogue that slip too easily into explanations of dialogue as neutral information exchange between dialogue partners. Such an understanding ignores evolving historical developments in dialogues as well as the history of colonialism that shapes relationships between Christians and other religious believers. The article establishes that Christians are living a new and complicated moment in the history of interreligious dialogue. Thus, a more complex model for understanding dialogue is required. Such a model would include thinking about resistance, hybridity and incompleteness of all language exchanges, and interreligious conversations in particular.
Blood and Bodies
Authors: Kieser Doris
Published: December 2020

Blood, in relation to Jewish and Christian belief, is a multivalent symbol. At once an aspect of purification following ritual impurities, an aspect of impurity in relation to the Temple, and an indicator of kinship and lineage, its complexity renders its particular situational meanings all the more significant. Blood also signifies covenant with God: the blood of circumcision, the blood of the lamb, and the blood of Christ. Menstrual blood carries a very specific weight with regard to Jewish ritual purity both prior to and following the destruction of the Second Temple; women’s bodies and blood became monitored sites of inclusion and exclusion. In this paper, I engage discussions of blood in relation to female bodies and purity in Jewish and Christian history. I aim to counter historical interpretations of menstrual blood as repugnant and unclean with a feminist reading of the general Levitical understanding of blood as life.
HPV pozitif olan hastaların HPV hakkında bilgileri ve HPV aşılarına yaklaşımı: Tersiyer bir merkezin deneyimi
Authors: PURUT Yunus Emre , PURUT Şeyma Nur , GİRAY Burak , YAZICI Zeliha , KABACA Canan
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Tersiyer bir merkeze kolposkopik inceleme için refere edilen hastaların Human Papillomavirus (HPV) hakkındaki bilgilerini ve HPV aşısına yaklaşımını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve yöntem: 01.12.2018 ile 01.05.2019 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak sağlık kuruluşunda kolposkopik inceleme yapılan 197 HPV pozitif hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi.

Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalamaları 38,60±8,78 idi. Hastaların yaklaşık %56,9’unun HPV aşısı hakkında bilgisi olmasına rağmen, %86,8’i her kadının aşı yaptırması gerektiğini düşünmüyordu. HPV aşısı yaptırmama sebebi olarak da hastaların %40,6’sı hekimlerin aralarında bir fikir birliği olmadığını söylemiştir. HPV hakkında önceden bilgi sahibi olan ile olmayan hastalar arasında eğitim durumu açısından istatiksel bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p=0,291). HPV hakkında önceden bilgisi olanların %55,7’si düzenli smear yaptırdığını bildirmiştir. HPV hakkında bilgisi olan hastalar ile olmayan hastalar arsında düzenli smear taraması yaptırması açısından anlamlı fark vardı (p=0,001).

Sonuç: Hastaların HPV hakkında bilgisi olduğu halde HPV aşısının güvenliği ve aşının koruması hakkında endişeye sahiptiler.
Scoping Review and Expert Reflections: Coronavirus Disease 2019 - Preparedness and Response in Selected Countries of East Africa, West Africa, and Southeast Asia
Authors:   College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA, Madu Ednah , Malik Elfatih M. ,   Planning and International Health Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Nile St, Khartoum, Sudan, Nagaraja Sharath B. ,   Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore 560010, Karnataka, India, Tyagi Renu ,   Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, Fant Gregory ,   US Department of Veterans Affairs, VHA/Patient Care Services, Population Health Services (10P4V), Washington, DC 20420, USA
Published: December 2020

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, started in the Hubei province of China in December 2019. On January 31, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. We wondered what countries in Africa and South-East Asia had done to prevent infectious disease, specifically, COVID-19, from impacting the population of specific countries in that region, and what disease control measures were successful. Expert reflections on findings could guide continued successful public health approaches in managing this complex infectious disease pandemic. Methods Using a scoping review, published papers, or program descriptions for specific geographic regions (i.e., Africa or Southeast Asia) were searched using specified key terms. Three targeted countries classified by World Bank as lower-middle-income in the two WHO selected regions [Africa (Sudan and Nigeria); Southeast Asia (India)] were reviewed with respect to COVID19 preparedness and response. Findings were organized, highlighting key points that seem particularly useful for regional learning. The evidence from each region was summarized in the aggregate to determine some common, noteworthy themes. COVID-19 epidemiologic data for these regions were also reviewed. Results Our findings indicate experience from prior infectious disease outbreak seems to have prepared the selected countries in their preparedness for COVID-19 outbreak on various levels. Incidence of COVID-19 increased across the selected countries. WHO recommended basic public health strategies to reduce disease transmission was ssinitiated by the selected countries at different levels. However, feasibility and lockdown practices raise public health concerns and questions across the target regions reviewed. Conclusion This scoping review and expert reflections uncovers important preparedness and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the selected WHO regions. Further exploration and possible public health strategic plans may be needed.
The Review on the European and the United States Healthcare Systems
Authors:   Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 4908, USA, Targowski Andrew S.
Published: December 2020

The paper investigates the main ideas and solutions of healthcare systems in leading countries such as Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, France based on the international ranking indexes such as the United Nations Human Development Index, Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), Blumberg’s Global Health Index, World Health Organization (WHO), The Healthcare Access & Quality Index (HAQ), the European Health Consumer Index (EHCI). In conclusion, the health of society depends to a great extent on lifestyle and climate, where such countries as Spain and Italy have fewer sick people, and it results in a lower burden on healthcare. Unites States of America healthcare must compensate for lifestyle defects with intensive treatment and expensive medicines. This costs money and, what is worse, it doesn’t bring any noticeable progress. As evidenced by the dramas caused by the 2020 pandemic.
Effect of Statins Therapy in Diabetogenesis
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Olagunju Abolaji S. , Adebayo Olayinka A. ,   Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Kosemani Samson O. ,   Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Iroko Toluwanimi P. ,   Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: December 2020

Statins are widely used in the management or inhibition of several processes that lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Increased statin therapy has been related to the induction of type II diabetes (DM), a state which predisposes to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are well-known to possess anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to disrupt de novo biosynthesis of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis has been implicated in the induction of inflammatory responses within pancreatic β-cells. Inhibition of β-hydroxy β-methyl glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) results an increased level of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptors. Increased LDL receptor numbers will replenish exhausted intracellular supplies, resulting in higher levels of intracellular cholesterol. Therefore, stimulating immunological response and inflammatory reactions, disrupt the functional integrity of the β-cell via oxidation of the plasma-derived low-density lipoprotein. Despite the pleiotropic effects of statins on the pancreatic β-cell, they have also been reported to affect a number of other cell types associated with the development of diabetes. Inhibition of the biosynthesis of isoprenoid by statins has been associated with the down-stream regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT 4) in adipose tissues, which facilitates the uptake of glucose. This effect resulted in increasing resistance to insulin in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Adiponectin, a plasma protein released by adipocytes, alters fatty acids and carbohydrate metabolism both in the muscle cells and liver. This process indirectly influences resistance to insulin by the attendant decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis and to upregulate muscular β-oxidation and glucose uptake.
Haematological Presentations in Acute and Chronic Tramadol Intoxication
Authors:   Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa, Nigeria, Zebedee Loveday U. , Jeremiah Owubokiri N. ,   Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria, Soroh Anthony E. ,   Jasper Boro College of Education, Sagbema, Bayelsa, Nigeria, Agoro Eni-yimini S. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa, Nigeria
Published: December 2020

Introduction Tramadol is a synthetic centrally acting analgesic used worldwide for pain relief, but now abused as a euphoria generating substance. The short- and long-term implications of tramadol intoxication on blood cells and its components are still hazy and controversial. Aim Our primary aim was to evaluate the alterative pattern of haematological parameters resulting from acute or chronic tramadol intoxication. Method The study was made of acute and chronic phases of sixty male rats (Rattusnorvegicus) randomly pair-divided into established groups of six male rats each. The acute stage consisted of a control group of 6 rats administered with normal saline solution, and a treatment group of 6 rats administered with lethal dose of tramadol. The control group for the chronic stage consisted of 6 rats that were administered normal saline solution. Whereas, the tramadol-dependent groups comprised of 3 groups of 6 rats each administered orally with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of tramadol for 90 days respectively. Statistical analyses consisted of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student’s t-test, and Pearson’s Correlation using the JMP statistical discovery™ software version 14.1. Blood samples were collected after anesthetic sacrifice by cardiac puncture for the analysis of full blood count and red cell indices using SYSMEX Automated Blood Count machine (SYSMEX KX-21N ANALYZER) and microscopy for blood film reading. Results Results of the acute phase of the study showed that the packed cell volume (PCV) in the treatment group (51.00±2.96%) was significantly higher (t=3.99, p=0.002) than control (37.83±1.43%). Similarly, the haemoglobin concentration (Hb) in the treatment group (14.70±0.46 g/dL) was significantly higher (t=5.10, p=0.005) than control (11.55±0.41 g/dL). The mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was significantly lower (t=2.67, p=0.02) in the control group (28.30±0.52 g/dL) than treatment (30.43±0.61 g/dL). However, that of the chronic phase exhibited a progressive increase in platelet count which was proportional to increasing dosage of treatment (t=8.59, p=0.007). Conclusion This study has demonstrated that tramadol administration could cause haematological alterations which could be beneficial if administrated optimally and deleterious, if abused. Therefore, indiscriminate and prolonged use of tramadol should be monitored to avert haemotoxicity.
Tekrar Otopsi: Neredeyse İmkânsız Olan Bir İşlemle Uğraşmak mı?
Authors: Erbaş Melike , Balcı Yasemin
Published: December 2020

Performing an autopsy on a body that was autopsied before becomes a very difficult situation; especially for the cases that there is no first autopsy report or any information. Depending on the impossibilities to reach the findings detected in the first autopsy; it becomes a very difficult procedure which is almost impossible. Practically it seems that the important point in such cases is developing trust by sharing the findings and information as much as possible.
We would like to discuss the situation on three cases that were re-autopsied after the first autopsy procedures performed abroad.
Adli Bir Sorumluluk: Denetimli Serbestlik Personelinin Karar Verme Stratejileri ve Problem Çözme Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Erk Mehmet Aykut , Fırat Sunay
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Since working with the offenders that are in the probation process requires a detailed assessment, probation personnel should be able to produce logical solutions for the problems that may occur in the process. Probation personnel play a key role in whether the offenders are convicted or not. The fact that their decisions can influence the future of the offenders explains why they have such a key role in the probation process. Therefore, probation personnel have an important responsibility to fulfill since their decision can affect the judicial process of the offenders. 
This study was conducted to assess decision making strategies and problem-solving skills of the probation personnel working at the Probation Directorate of Adana.
Methods: In this study, 83 personnel working for the Department of Probation constituted the sample group of this study, while 87 personnel working for other public institutions constituted the comparison group. Sociodemographic Data Form, Decision Strategies Scale (DSS) and Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) were applied to the participants and the results were analyzed.
Results: When the PSI total score and DSS sub-scale score averages of the sample group were compared to the comparison group, male probation personnel’s problem-solving skills total score and indecisiveness sub-scale point averages showed a statistically significant difference compared to the personnel from the comparison group. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was found between the married probation personnel and married comparison group personnel. ...
Bellenden Ker Television Project
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: December 2020

Two historic papers from 1974/75 detailing the construction of the Bellenden Ker television broadcasting station in far north Queensland.
TAPACULO FAJORROJIZO Liosceles thoracicus, NIDO Y HUEVOS
Authors: Greeney Harold Francis
Published: December 2020

On 12 February 2013, at 13h00, I flushed an adult Liosceles thoracicus erithacus from a nest containing a single egg. The adult flushed only after I paused for about 2 min while standing 1 m in front of nest. The adult shot out of the nest, remaining at ground level, and silently disappeared into nearby undergrowth. The single egg was immaculate white, showed no signs of embryonic development when held up a light, and weighed 6.15 g. It was cool to the touch, suggesting that the adult had only recently entered the nest. At 16h15, the nest still contained a single cold egg. The following day, at 08h45, the adult was again on the nest, flushing as described previously, but only after I remained standing for over a minute, 1.5 m from the nest. It likely would not have flushed had I passed close to the nest without pausing. The nest contained two eggs, both warm and dry. The second egg was also immaculate white and weighed 6.02 g at this time. Linear measurements of the first and second eggs were 27.1 Ã— 20.2 mm and 26.8 Ã— 20.2 mm, respectively.
"DndanKav" dental educational software
Authors: Davari Abdolrahim , Daneshkazemi Alireza , Mousavi Rahele sadat
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (ACFTA) TO DEVELOP THE LEGAL REGIME ON EXTERMINATION OF GOODS SMUGGLING IN ASEAN FROM INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVE (COMPARISON STUDY: EUROPEAN UNION)
Authors: Zahara Silviani Ninne , Amalia Prita
Published: December 2020

Purpose: ASEAN-China Free Trade Area or ACFTA was established by ASEAN states and China to create free trade areas by removing barriers to trade in goods and services. While economic cooperation between the ACFTA state members increases, inter-states goods smuggling still happens and affects the economy sector. This article will study, whether ACFTA regulates goods smuggling especially between China and ASEAN and, how the way the ACFTA could learn from the European Union’s systems to resolve goods smuggling and fraud to help ASEAN in reducing the rate of smuggling of imported goods from Indonesian approach. Methodology: This study has employed a normative legal research method with a comparison approach to explain how ACFTA could develop the agreement role in ASEAN to reduce and exterminate goods smuggling activities by comparing the current system with the European Union form of law system and agreement. Main Findings: This study found out that ACFTA missed the discussion about goods smuggling. Trader’s intention to avoid taxes and import duties from importing countries has pushed the import goods smuggling to increase. A large number of Indonesian traders, especially in the outermost area did goods smuggling because of their dependence through the import goods from neighborhood countries. A developed regional framework like the European Union has a special institution that coming from joint European countries authorities working to resolve smuggling matters. Implications/Applications: The study will provide the details related to ACFTA, whether they regulate the import and goods smuggling between China and ASEAN Countries. Learning from the European Union law system and agreement regarding this matter, hoped to be an example for ACFTA to develop the regulation regarding the same matter. Novelty/Originality of this study: Study about the extermination of goods smuggling in ASEAN has not got enough attention from society, meanwhile, it gave an adverse effect on taxation and the economic sector in every state.
Technical writing as part of project management for engineers: using a writing-process approach to teach disciplinary writing requirements
Authors: Wiederkehr Ruth , Rudolf von Rohr Marie-Thérèse
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on how formative feedback can be used to help engineering students write precise and coherent management summaries that appeal to a mixed audience. Management summaries are especially challenging to master as students must strive for a balance between adhering to scientific standards and being intelligible for a wider non-expert readership. Students of Energy and Environmental Technology at the school of engineering (FHNW) in Switzerland write a total of six technical reports about their project work (mostly in German). By analysing two management summaries, the focus is laid on the lecturers’ approach of relying on formative feedback which supports and accompanies the students’ iterative writing processes. It is shown how in early semesters lecturers provide hands-on guidance, such as suggesting discourse markers or pinpointing vague references to sharpen students’ awareness of the need to write as concisely as possible for mixed audiences.
A Cross‐national View on the Organisational Perspective of Writing Centre Work: the Writing Centre Exchange Project (WCEP)
Authors: Girgensohn Katrin , O'Sullivan Íde , Eriksson Ann-Marie , Henry Gina
Published: December 2020

This paper gives insights into research conducted within the Writing Centre Exchange Project (WCEP), a research collaboration among three university writing centres in Sweden, Germany and Ireland, which focuses on organisational perspectives on writing centre work. WCEP rests on the theoretical framework of institutional work. Previous research, conducted in US writing centres, developed a model of institutional work in writing centres that includes specific Strategic Action Fields (SAFs) and collaborative learning as a means to interact with stakeholders. By using this model, WCEP has targeted ongoing institutional work intended to establish and sustain missions, goals and activities in and around writing centres. Drawing on participatory action research, WCEP explores the extent to which the institutional work at the three European writing centres correlates with the model. The main findings show that indeed the same strategic action fields are relevant, but furthermore, different subcategories emerge depending on the local context. This paper explores some of the subcategories that differ and draws conclusions for the institutional work of writing centre directors.