bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence Review Conducted for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery: Focus on Anesthesiology for Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Grant Michael C. , Gibbons Melinda M. , Ko Clifford Y. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Cannesson Maxime , Scott Michael J. , McEvoy Matthew D. , King Adam B. , Wu Christopher L.
Published: August 2018

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for bariatric surgery are increasingly being implemented, and reports suggest that they may be associated with superior outcomes, reduced length of hospital stay, and cost savings. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, in partnership with the American College of Surgeons and the Johns Hopkins Medicine Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, has developed the Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery. We have conducted an evidence review to select anesthetic interventions that positively influence outcomes and facilitate recovery after bariatric surgery. A literature search was performed for each intervention, and the highest levels of available evidence were considered. Anesthesiology-related interventions for pre- (carbohydrate loading/fasting, multimodal preanesthetic medications), intra- (standardized intraoperative pathway, regional anesthesia, opioid minimization and multimodal analgesia, protective ventilation strategy, fluid minimization), and postoperative (multimodal analgesia with opioid minimization) phases of care are included. We have summarized the best available evidence to recommend the anesthetic components of care for enhanced recovery after surgery for bariatric surgery. There is evidence in the literature, and from society guidelines, to support the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery goals for bariatric surgery.
Factors Associated With Recovery Room Intravenous Opiate Requirement After Pediatric Outpatient Operations
Authors: Nafiu Olubukola O. , Thompson Aleda , Chiravuri S. Devi , Cloyd Benjamin , Reynolds Paul I.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

Many children recovering from anesthesia experience pain that is severe enough to warrant intravenous (IV) opioid treatment within moments of admission to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Postoperative pain has several negative consequences; therefore, preventing significant PACU pain in children is both a major clinical goal and a moral/ethical imperative. This requires identifying patient-level and perioperative factors that may be used to predict PACU IV opioid requirement. This should allow for the development of personalized care protocols to prevent clinically significant PACU pain in children. Our objective was to develop prediction models enabling practitioners to identify children at risk for PACU IV opioid requirement after various painful ambulatory surgical procedures.

METHODS:

After Institutional Review Board approval, clinical, demographic, and anthropometric data were prospectively collected on 1256 children 4–17 years of age scheduled for painful ambulatory surgery (defined as intraoperative administration of analgesia or local anesthetic infiltration). Three multivariable logistic regression models to determine possible predictors of PACU IV opioid requirement were constructed based on (1) preoperative history; (2) history + intraoperative variables; and (3) history + intraoperative variables + PACU variables. Candidate predictors were chosen from readily obtainable parameters routinely collected during the surgical visit. Predictive performance of each model was assessed by calculating the area under the respective receiver operating characteristic curves.

RESULTS:

Overall, 29.5% of patients required a PACU IV opioid, while total PACU analgesia requirement (oral or IV) was 41.1%. Independent predictors using history alone were female sex, decreasing age, surgical history, and non-Caucasian ethnicity (model area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.59 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.55–0.63]). Adding a few intraoperative variables improved the discriminant ability of the model (AUROC for the history + intraoperative variables model, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.67–0.74]). Addition of first-documented PACU pain score produced a substantially improved model (AUROC, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.82–0.87]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Postoperative pain requiring PACU IV opioid in children may be determined using a small set of easily obtainable perioperative variables. Our models require validation in other settings to determine their clinical usefulness.
Studying the differential efficacy of postsymptom antitoxin treatment in type A versus type B botulism using a rabbit spirometry model
Authors: Torgeman Amram , Schwartz Arieh , Diamant Eran , Baruchi Tzadok , Dor Eyal , Ben David Alon , Pass Avi , Barnea Ada , Tal Arnon , Rosner Amir , Rosen Osnat , Zichel Ran
Published: August 2018

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes A, B and E are responsible for most cases of human botulism. The only approved therapy for botulism is antitoxin treatment administered to patients after symptom onset. However, a recent meta-analysis of antitoxin efficacy in human botulism cases over the past century concluded that a statistically significant reduction in mortality is associated with the use of type E and type A antitoxin, but not with type B antitoxin. Animal models could be highly valuable in studying postsymptom antitoxin efficacy (PSAE). However, the few attempts to evaluate PSAE in animals relied on subjective observations and showed ∼50% protection. Recently, we developed a novel spirometry model for the quantitative evaluation of PSAE in rabbits and used it to demonstrate full protection against BoNT/E. In the current study, a comparative evaluation of PSAE in botulism types A and B was conducted using this quantitative respiratory model. A lethal dose of each toxin induced a comparable course of disease both in terms of time to symptoms (TTS, 41.9±1.3 and 40.6±1.1 h, respectively) and of time to death (TTD, 71.3±3.1 and 66.3±1.7 h, respectively). However, in accordance with the differential serotypic PSAE observed in humans, postsymptom antitoxin treatment was fully effective only in BoNT/A-intoxicated rabbits. This serotypic divergence was reflected by a positive and statistically significant correlation between TTS and TTD in BoNT/A-intoxicated rabbits (r=0.91, P=0.0006), but not in those intoxicated with BoNT/B (r=0.06, P=0.88). The rabbit spirometry system might be useful in the evaluation toolkit of botulism therapeutics, including those under development and intended to act when antitoxin is no longer effective.
Predictors of Dropout in Exercise Trials in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study
Authors: VIKEN HALLGEIR , REITLO LINE SKARSEM , ZISKO NINA , NAUMAN JAVAID , ASPVIK NILS PETTER , INGEBRIGTSEN JAN ERIK , WISLØFF ULRIK , STENSVOLD DORTHE
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Dropout from exercise programs, both in the real world and in research, is a challenge, and more information on dropout predictors is needed for establishing strategies to increase the likelihood of maintaining participants in a prescribed exercise program. The aim of the present study was to determine the dropout rate and its predictors during a 3-yr exercise program in older adults.

Methods

In total, 1514 men and women (mean ± SD age = 72.4 ± 1.9 yr) were included in the present study. Participants were randomized to either a supervised exercise intervention or to follow national guidelines for physical activity (PA). Self-reported demographics (e.g., education), general health, morbidity (e.g., heart disease, memory loss, and psychological distress), smoking, and PA were examined at baseline. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and grip strength were directly measured at baseline. Dropout rate was evaluated after 1 and 3 yr. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify dropout predictors.

Results

The total dropout rate was 11.0% (n = 166) after 1 yr and 14.9% (n = 225) after 3 yr. Significant predictors of dropout after 1 yr were low education, low grip strength, lower cardiorespiratory fitness, low PA level, and randomization to supervised exercise. The same predictors of dropout were significant after 3 yr, with reduced memory status as an additional predictor.

Conclusion

This is the largest study to identify dropout predictors in a long-term exercise program in older adults. Our findings provide new and important knowledge about potential risk factors of dropout in long-term exercise programs in older adults.
Preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa extract on biofilm formation of Candida albicans cultured from the saliva of a smoker
Authors: Mubarak Zaki , Humaira Adintya , Gani Basri A. , Muchlisin Zainal A.
Published: August 2018

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that might infect the oral cavity. Increased colony numbers of C. albicans in the mouth can be caused by multiple factors, such as smoking, weakened immune system, antibiotics use and immune-compromised condition. Smoking can increase expression of virulence factors of C. albicans and make it stronger. One virulence factor of C. albicans is biofilm formation. The ability of creating biofilm makes C. albicans more tolerant to commercial antifungal agents. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the ability of the seaweed G. verrucosa extracts to inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans isolated from the saliva of a smoker.

Methods: The extract of G. verrucosa was prepared by maceration using 96% methanol and subjected for phytochemical analysis. C. albicans was isolated from the saliva of a smoker who voluntarily participated in the study after providing informed consent. In triplicate, the fungus was cultured in the growth medium containing increased concentrations of G. verrucosa (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% ).The same reaction using fluconazole 0.31 µg/ml C. albicans was prepared as positive control. Biofilm formation was accessed based on optical density of cell mixtures using an ELISA reader. The data obtained were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance limit of 0.05.

Results: Methanol extract of seaweed G. verrucosa contained three bio-active compounds namely steroids, terpenoid, and tannins. Inhibitory activity of seaweed extracts on C. albicans biofilm formation increased as their concentration increased. The highest inhibitory effect was recorded at fungus culture treated with seaweed concentration of 25% at 24 hours of time exposure.

Conclusions: Seaweed G. verrucosa extract contained steroids, terpenoids and tannins that were able to effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans at the concentration of 25% after 24 hours of time exposure.
An accessible, interactive GenePattern Notebook for analysis and exploration of single-cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Mah Clarence K. , Tabor Thorin , Mesirov Jill P.
Published: August 2018

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a popular method to profile gene expression at the resolution of individual cells. While there have been methods and software specifically developed to analyze scRNA-seq data, they are most accessible to users who program. We have created a scRNA-seq clustering analysis GenePattern Notebook that provides an interactive, easy-to-use interface for data analysis and exploration of scRNA-Seq data, without the need to write or view any code. The notebook provides a standard scRNA-seq analysis workflow for pre-processing data, identification of sub-populations of cells by clustering, and exploration of biomarkers to characterize heterogeneous cell populations and delineate cell types.
Rio 2016: zika vírus e a defasagem noticiosa entre o on-line e o impresso no agendamento das olimpíadas do Brasil
Authors: Dornelles Beatriz , Martins Marcel Neves
Published: August 2018

No contexto da realização de megaeventos esportivos no Brasil, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as práticas de agendamento das Olimpíadas Rio 2016 em relação à problemática do zika vírus pela Folha de S. Paulo (plataforma on-line) e pela Zero Hora (jornal impresso). O método utilizado é a análise de conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin. A amostra compreende o mês de fevereiro de 2016. Foram localizadas 19 matérias na Folha e três matérias em Zero Hora. A partir disso, trabalhamos sobre a defasagem noticiosa entre esses veículos de comunicação. Os resultados indicam que o agendamento de cada veículo está vinculado aos fluxos da informação em cada plataforma midiática. Na Folha, há uma cobertura intensiva e difusa, enquanto em Zero Hora o agendamento é seletivo e concentrado.
O fechamento do estádio Engenhão em blogues de jornalistas esportivos: futebol, megaeventos e política
Authors: Fortes Rafael , Anjos Luiza Aguiar dos
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho analisa textos sobre o fechamento do Engenhão pela Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro publicados em blogues de veículos de comunicação com foco no esporte de 26/3/2013 a 17/6/2013. O artigo começa com a apresentação dos blogues pesquisados e uma reflexão acerca do uso desta ferramenta de comunicação como corpus para a pesquisa científica. A análise do material se organiza em torno de quatro pontos: a discussão sobre legado; a discussão sobre custos e responsabilidade; a preocupação com a imagem do Brasil; as consequências para o Botafogo. Os jornalistas lançaram mão de distintas formas de contextualização para apresentar possíveis causas e consequências da medida, além de discutir as responsabilidades pelo ato e pela situação anterior; o cenário macro de candidatura, organização e realização de megaeventos esportivos na cidade e no país; os problemas da administração estatal e das entidades esportivas no Brasil; as relações entre empreiteiras e poder público.
Orgias midiáticas e morte ao vivo: O evento-catástrofe no inconsciente visual coletivo
Authors: Vidal Bertrand
Published: August 2018

Este artigo propõe-se a explorar a tectônica das imagens de desastres e o imaginário social das catástrofes e, em particular, nossa relação medialógica com esse tipo de acontecimento. Hoje, em uma sociedade onde a presença e a proliferação das imagens no mundo da vida cotidiana são aspectos característicos do ambiente social contemporâneo, nossa relação com o catastrófico parece se cristalizar em torno de uma contradição: atração/repulsão pelas imagens de desastre.
A Copa do Mundo ao cair da Tarde: a cobertura jornalística da conquista da seleção alemã
Authors: Junior João Batista De Abreu , Falcão Roberto
Published: August 2018

O trabalho analisa, por meio da cobertura do diário A Tarde, de Salvador, a convivência entre a delegação alemã de futebol e a população local de Santa Cruz Cabrália, no sul da Bahia, que serviu de base para a seleção que conquistou a Copa do Mundo de futebol em 2014. A partir dos critérios de identidade cultural, globalização e seleção jornalística, mostra que a estratégia de aproximação com os moradores marcou a cobertura de A Tarde e criou um clima simpático à seleção alemã.
Usos e abusos da leitura de Proust: reflexões em torno de Como Proust pode mudar sua vida (Alain de Botton) e Proust e os signos (Gilles Deleuze)
Authors: Tucherman Ieda
Published: August 2018

A proposta deste texto é antiga, tratando de uma indagação que retorna por meios contemporâneos: a arte deve ser medida ou produzida com um sentido de utilidade? Sem julgamento a priori, as duas propostas das leituras que apresentamos se relacionam de maneira contrastante com esta inquietação: a leitura de Alan de Botton é quase terapêutica; Proust, um dos mais herméticos escritores do século XX, aparece a partir de rubricas que podemos associar aos títulos da literatura de autoajuda. Em Deleuze, ela reside no fato de ser a literatura a experiência de gaguejar na própria língua, produzir mundos possíveis no campo da arte e dos sistemas de pensamento. Neste caso, ao contrário de acalmar ou indicar caminhos, sua função é nos lançar na zona do inesperado.
O comum do paradoxo: notas sobre a produção de vínculos em comunicações mediadas
Authors: Mozzini Camila
Published: August 2018

O presente escrito busca, a partir da sensação de luto descrita por um rapaz frente à desativação do perfil em rede social de sua companheira, esmiuçar o território das materialidades corpóreas, dos vínculos e dos comuns em jogo nas atuais comunicações mediadas digitalmente. Como é possível que nos afetemos por presenças que não mais se restringem ao toque da pele? A partir desta questão, pretende-se acompanhar cartograficamente algumas pistas que possam visibilizar dos processos de produção de afetos que perpassam as contemporâneas estratégias de comunicação mediadas tecnologicamente.
Apontamentos para uma Filosofia da Comunicação
Authors: Rossetti Regina
Published: August 2018

Este artigo trata da relação entre Comunicação e Filosofia ao apontar alguns momentos em que a comunicação foi objeto de reflexão filosófica. A Comunicação instituída como área do conhecimento é algo muito recente e pertence à história do século XX, embora a comunicação como fenômeno seja tão antiga quanto à própria humanidade. Já a comunicação como tema discutido pelo pensamento ocidental remonta aos filósofos gregos, como Platão e Aristóteles, e contemporaneamente a pensadores como Nietzsche, Bergson, Foucault e Hannh Arendt, dentre outros mais óbvios. O objetivo deste artigo é apontar dentro da História da Filosofia ocidental alguns momentos em que diversos filósofos trataram do tema da comunicação, e assim sugerir um aporte para uma reflexão interdisciplinar sobre temas ligados a comunicação.
A proximidade pesquisador/objeto como potência criativa: percursos investigativos entre as cenas musicais de Porto Alegre e Montevidéu
Authors: Martini Felipe Gue
Published: August 2018

A reflexão sobre a proximidade do pesquisador com seu objeto empírico de pesquisa, no caso as cenas musicais do rock independente de Porto Alegre e Montevidéu, surge a partir da noção de psicanálise do conhecimento objetivo, de Gaston Bachelard. Através de questionamentos teóricos críticos, o autor propõe a apreensão poética das realidades objetivas da pesquisa, onde a musicalidade é percebida como potencial metodológico no universo da observação participante.
Guiando públicos: proposições de consumo de Fortaleza como cidade-sede da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014.
Authors: Silva Emylianny Brasil , Belmino Sílvia Helena
Published: August 2018

Resumo Na posição de cidade-sede da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 Fortaleza colocou-se em uma trajetória de exibição global de atributos. Um contexto de realocação de imagem apoiada em discursos de apresentação e orientação de consumo de Fortaleza. O questionamento em que se baseia este artigo é: Quem são os públicos e como eles são referidos nos guias  de cidade-sede? A partir da metodologia de Análise Crítica do Discurso, foram analisadas seções de guias de cidade lançados para o megaevento.
Influência da Diáspora na escuta de rádio online
Authors: Trentin Lidia Paula , Larangeira Álvaro Nunes
Published: August 2018

O presente estudo pretende compreender como a diáspora interfere no ato de ouvir a programação da Rádio Comunitária 87.9 FM de Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, pela internet, isto é, se o fato de ouvir a emissora por meio do site aproxima os indivíduos diaspóricos de Frederico Westphalen, da Rádio ou de alguém que resida no município e como isso acontece. A metodologia utilizada foi de entrevistas em profundidade com ouvintes da Rádio Comunitária FM que estão em situação de diáspora e também com o diretor da emissora. A grande maioria dos entrevistados ouve a Rádio como uma maneira de se manter próximo a Frederico Westphalen ou a algum familiar ou amigo que resida no município, diminuindo assim os efeitos da diáspora em suas vidas, como a saudade, por exemplo.
Vaidapé na Rua: uma proposta dialógica da Rádio Comunitária
Authors: Albano da Silva Júlia Lúcia De Oliveira
Published: August 2018

Este texto objetiva mostrar no contexto das mídias digitais em rede, a experiência de interação baseada no diálogo entre a Rádio Comunitária Cidadã FM e o programa Vaidapé na Rua que integra a programação semanal da emissora localizada na região Oeste do município de São Paulo.  Partindo da compreensão das dinâmicas dialógicas e discursivas inerentes aos processos comunicacionais e estudadas pelo jornalista e teórico Vilém Flusser, o texto objetiva evidenciar as possibilidades que um ambiente comunicacional pode desencadear para uma prática efetivamente comunitária.  Para a compreensão sobre a rádio comunitária na conhecida “sociedade em rede”, o texto situa brevemente o surgimento e desenvolvimento do movimento das rádios comunitárias no Brasil, iniciado nas últimas duas décadas do século XX, quando motivadas pelas experiências das rádios livres, atuaram na luta contra a opressão dos poderes estatal e econômico e pela democratização do acesso aos meios de comunicação de massa. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica, o estudo recorre à pesquisa documental e de campo na realização de entrevistas qualitativas. Conclui-se que além da necessária desmitificação tecnológica e sua apropriação popular, a dinâmica dialógica em equilíbrio com a discursiva atua para o surgimento de ambientes comunicacionais propícios para o compartilhamento de conhecimentos e prática da cidadania.
Kevin Timpe and Daniel Speak, eds. Free Will and Theism: Connections, Contingencies, and Concerns
Authors: Grössl Johannes
Published: August 2018

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Matthew Levering. Was the Reformation a Mistake? Why Catholic Doctrine is not Unbiblical
Authors: Nemes Steven
Published: August 2018

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Jerome Yehuda Gellman. This Was from God: A Contemporary Theology of Torah and History
Authors: Goldschmidt Tyron
Published: August 2018

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Correlation between skin and bone parameters in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Aurégan Jean-Charles , Bosser Catherine , Bensidhoum Morad , Bégué Thierry , Hoc Thierry
Published: August 2018

Skin and bone share similarities in terms of biochemical composition. Some authors have hypothesized that their properties could evolve concomitantly with age, allowing the estimation of the parameters of one from those of the other. We performed a systematic review of studies reporting the correlation between skin and bone parameters in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Fourteen studies – including 1974 patients – were included in the review. Three of these studies included two groups of participants – osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic – in order to compare skin parameters between them: two studies found a significant difference between the two groups and one did not. Eleven of these studies included one population of interest and compared its skin and bone parameters in a continuous manner: eight studies compared dermal thickness to bone mineral density (seven found a significant correlation [R = 0.19–0.486] and one did not); two studies compared skin elasticity to bone mineral density (both found a significant correlation [R = 0.44–0.57); and one study compared skin collagen to bone mineral density and found a significant correlation (R = 0.587). It can be assumed that the estimation of skin alterations from ageing could help in estimating concomitant bone alterations.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:449-460. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.160088
Chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wylde Vikki , Beswick Andrew , Bruce Julie , Blom Ashley , Howells Nicholas , Gooberman-Hill Rachael
Published: August 2018

Despite a good outcome for many patients, approximately 20% of patients experience chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Chronic pain after TKA can affect all dimensions of health-related quality of life, and is associated with functional limitations, pain-related distress, depression, poorer general health and social isolation. In both clinical and research settings, the approach to assessing chronic pain after TKA needs to be in-depth and multidimensional to understand the characteristics and impact of this pain. Assessment of this pain has been inadequate in the past, but there are encouraging trends for increased use of validated patient-reported outcome measures. Risk factors for chronic pain after TKA can be considered as those present before surgery, intraoperatively or in the acute postoperative period. Knowledge of risk factors is important to guide the development of interventions and to help to target care. Evaluations of preoperative interventions which optimize pain management and general health around the time of surgery are needed. The causes of chronic pain after TKA are not yet fully understood, although research interest is growing and it is evident that this pain has a multifactorial aetiology, with a wide range of possible biological, surgical and psychosocial factors that can influence pain outcomes. Treatment of chronic pain after TKA is challenging, and evaluation of combined treatments and individually targeted treatments matched to patient characteristics is advocated. To ensure that optimal care is provided to patients, the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary and individualized interventions should be evaluated.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:461-470. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.180004
Cup-on-cup technique to manage severe protrusio acetabular defects
Authors: Wu X-D , Xu W , Tian M , Cheng Q , Huang W
Published: August 2018

Previous studies have demonstrated that revision of total hip arthroplasty consumes considerably more resources than the primary procedure. Worse, patients who need revision procedures are more likely to have radiographic evidence of acetabular and femoral bone loss than those undergone primary total hip arthroplasty. Many techniques have been introduced to manage different conditions of acetabular deficiencies. We describe a rare case of a 67-year-old man with severe acetabular bone loss, which was caused by a long-term loose acetabular component and was successfully managed by cup-on-cup technique. We also discuss the similarities and differences between cup-on-cup and cup-in-cup techniques in the management of protrusio acetabular defects, with a case-based approach.
A modified approach from the edge of the tragus in the surgical treatment of mandibular condyle fractures
Authors: Lin X , Liu X-Y , Huang X-P
Published: August 2018

Introduction

We present our experiences using a modified surgical approach from the edge of the tragus for mandibular condyle fractures, to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and visible scars.

Materials and methods

Thirty-two patients presenting with mandibular condyle fractures were treated through a modified approach on the edge of the tragus. The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 62 years. All mandibular condyle fractures were fixed. The patients were asked to start open-mouth training one week postoperatively, undergoing a cone-beam computed tomography examination and clinical follow-up. Postoperative complications were evaluated after surgery.

Results

Mouth opening was normal (average 39.5 mm) in all the patients during the operation and the occlusion improved significantly compared with preoperatively. No cases of damaged facial nerves were observed during the final follow-up at six months and postoperative scars were less noticeable.

Conclusions

The modified surgical approach from the edge of the tragus for mandibular condyle fractures provides a good view of the operative field, reduces the risk of facial nerve damage and produces a less noticeable postoperative scar.
Diverticulitis of the transverse colon manifesting as colocutaneous fistula
Authors: Bakopoulos A , Tsilimigras DI , Syriga M , Koliakos N , Ntomi V , Moris D , Bistarakis D , Schizas D
Published: August 2018

The transverse colon is a particularly rare site for a diverticulum to develop, with only few reports of solitary diverticula described in the literature. Among the reported complications, colocutaneous fistulas appear relatively infrequently. We describe the case of an 80-year-old woman with a solitary diverticulum of the transverse colon presenting as acute diverticulitis with abscess formation in the epigastric region. A fistulous tract was found between the inflamed colon and the skin. A wedge resection of the inflamed colon together with the fistula and the solitary diverticulum was performed followed by primary suturing of the healthy colonic tissue. Despite the sufficient treatment and thorough clearance of the area, the patient died ten days later from ventilator associated pneumonia.

Although rare, in patients presenting with a subcutaneous abscess in the abdominal region, there should be a high level of suspicion for active intraperitoneal inflammation derived from complicated diverticular disease given the continuously elevated prevalence of the condition in Western societies. The decision regarding proper management of this clinical state should be based on thorough clinical examination and imaging.
Indications and outcomes of home parenteral nutrition in patients with an ileoanal pouch
Authors: Oke SM , Segal J , Clark SK , Hart AL , Gabe SM
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Restorative proctocolectomy is a surgical treatment for patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis and some cases of familial adenomatous polyposis. Intestinal failure, defined as an inability to maintain adequate hydration and micronutrient balances when on a conventionally accepted normal diet, is a rare complication of restorative proctocolectomy. We describe our experience of patients with restorative proctocolectomy who have developed intestinal failure requiring parenteral support.

Material and methods

This was a retrospective analysis using a database of patients referred to our intestinal failure unit from January 1998 to January 2016. We analysed the records of all those patients who had restorative proctocolectomy who developed intestinal failure.

Results

807 patient records analysed, 35 patients were found to have had a restorative proctocolectomy (13 male and 22 female). Ninety-one percent (n = 32) of patients developed IF as a consequence of unpredictable complications which occurred after RPC formation. Potentially predictable complications were noted in 9% (n = 3) of patients.

Discussion and conclusions

Most cases of intestinal failure in restorative proctocolectomy were unpredictable. In a small number of patients, accurate assessment and measurement of the small intestine may have better predicted the adverse outcome of intestinal failure allowing improved pre-operative counseling of patients.
Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a rare case of colonic mesh migration
Authors: Narang K , Krishan A , Pisavadia B , Wadood A , Budhoo M , Zaman S
Published: August 2018

Inguinal hernia repair can be performed via either an open or laparoscopic technique. Use of a mesh to repair the abdominal wall defect is now common practice, leading to a reduction in hernia recurrence but also associated with a number of complications. We report a rare case of a 49-year old man who presented 3 years after laparoscopic hernia repair with right-sided abdominal pain and loose stools. Colonoscopy and computed tomography revealed a mesh and fixation devices within the lumen of the caecum and ascending colon. The mesh was successfully excised with primary closure of the bowel defect. This case highlights the importance of recognising mesh migration as a complication of hernia repair, a phenomenon which can lead to serious morbidity. We suggest that patients should be informed of this risk during the consent process, while further research is needed to investigate how this occurrence can be prevented.
ENT in the context of global health
Authors: Ta NH
Published: August 2018

Global health is a fashionable term frequently used in the twenty-first century’s news that is rarely understood by ear, nose and throat (ENT) professionals. Communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria have been in the headlines of global health for decades. Despite the recent public health concerns about noncommunicable diseases, including ENT disorders, these disorders still receive little attention on the global health stage. Despite the ‘benign’ nature and a large number of patients affected at a given time, noncommunicable diseases were found to account for 60% of international mortality in 2008. More specifically to ENT, disabling hearing impairment has been found to be the most common disability globally. Therefore, it is now critical for otolaryngologists worldwide to get involved in the overlooked ENT global issues. This article discusses the main challenges faced by the ENT community in the developing world and proposes what can be done to help.
Splenic trauma in the twenty-first century: changing trends in management
Authors: Roy P , Mukherjee R , Parik M
Published: August 2018

Over the past three decades, management of blunt splenic trauma has changed radically. Use of improved diagnostic techniques and proper understanding of disease pathology has led to nonoperative management being chosen as the standard of care in patients who are haemodynamically stable. This review was undertaken to assess available literature regarding changing trends of management of blunt splenic trauma, and to identify the existing lacunae in nonoperative management.

The PubMed database was searched for studies published between January 1987 and August 2017, using the keywords ‘blunt splenic trauma’ and ‘nonoperative management’. One hundred and fifty-three articles were reviewed, of which 82 free full texts and free abstracts were used in the current review.

There is clear evidence in published literature of the greater success of nonoperative over operative management in patients who are haemodynamically stable and the increasing utility of adjunctive therapies like angiography with embolisation. However, the review revealed a lack of universal guidelines for patient selection criteria and diagnostic and grading procedures needed for nonoperative management. Indications for splenic artery embolisation, the current role of splenectomy and spleen-preserving surgeries, together with the place of minimal access surgery in blunt splenic trauma remain grey areas. Moreover, parameters affecting the outcomes of nonoperative management and its failure and management need to be defined. This shows a need for future studies focused on these shortcomings with the ultimate aim being the formulation and implementation of universally accepted guidelines for safe and efficient management of blunt splenic trauma.
Expression of Non-collagenous Bone Matrix Proteins in Osteoblasts Stimulated by Mechanical Stretching in the Cranial Suture of Neonatal Mice
Authors: Ikegame Mika , Ejiri Sadakazu , Okamura Hirohiko
Published: August 2018

We investigated the influence of mechanical stretching on the genetic expression pattern of non-collagenous bone matrix proteins in osteoblasts. The cranial sutures of neonatal mice were subjected to ex vivo mechanical stretching. In the non-stretched control group, as osteoblast differentiation progressed, the successive genetic expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) was detected using in situ hybridization, in that order. In the stretched group, the sutures were widened, and after 24 hr of cultivation, a large number of osteoblasts and abundant new osteoid were observed on the borders of the parietal bones. All new osteoblasts expressed BSP and some of them expressed OPN, but very few of them expressed OCN. After 48 hr, more extensive presence of osteoid was noted on the borders of the parietal bones, and this osteoid was partially mineralized; all osteoblasts on the osteoid surface expressed BSP, and more osteoblasts expressed OPN than those after 24 hr cultivation. Surprisingly, many of the osteoblasts that did not express OPN, expressed OCN. This suggests that when osteoblast differentiation is stimulated by mechanical stress, the genetic expression pattern of non-collagenous proteins in the newly differentiated osteoblasts is affected.
Film literacy in secondary schools across Europe: A comparison of five countries’ responses to an educational project on cinema
Authors: Soto-Sanfiel María T. , Villegas-Simón Isabel , Angulo-Brunet Ariadna
Published: August 2018

We present the results of an exploratory study framed within a large film literacy project carried out simultaneously in five European Union countries (Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom). The study looks at students’ responses to an educational project on cinema designed to be implemented regionally for five months in high schools to increase film literacy and to favour more positive attitudes towards European cinema. The results show that students’ film preferences remain stable after the programme and vary only slightly. Major changes occur in their knowledge about film production and expression. The aspects that change the least are their conceptions about cinema and their preferences. Moreover, the student attitudes towards national and European cinema are more positive. However, the results also show that the implementation of a film literacy programme at a cross-cultural level can affect different aspects depending on the cultural context (country) in which it occurs. Indeed, they provide data about the specific impact of the programme in each country. The information offered by this study could enhance film literacy programmes, inform theory, and nurture the debates about the common European identity and the particular traits of the diverse cultures of the European Union.
Hubungan Mikroalbuminuria dan Tekanan Darah pada Anak dengan Riwayat Berat Lahir Rendah Kecil Masa Kehamilan
Authors: Gunarso Felix , Umboh Adrian , Manoppo Jeanette I. Ch.
Published: August 2018

Latar belakang. Gangguan nefrogenesis yang terjadi pada bayi berat lahir rendah (BLR) kecil masa kehamilan (KMK) dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya mikroalbuminuria dan berhubungan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah.Tujuan. Melihat hubungan mikroalbuminuria dengan berat badan lahir dan tekanan darah pada anak dengan riwayat BLR KMK. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dengan sampel anak usia 7 – 9 tahun dengan riwayat BLR KMK. Tekanan darah diukur dengan sfigmanometer dan kadar mikroalbuminuria diukur dengan metode immunoturbidimetry. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi Pearson dan uji regresi linear, p<0,05 dianggap signifikan.Hasil. Empat puluh satu anak dengan riwayat BLR KMK dengan rerata mikroalbuminuria 15,27 µg/mg. Didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar mikroalbuminuria dan berat lahir dengan r=-0,698 dan p<0,0001, tetapi tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat mikroalbuminuria dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik.Kesimpulan. Semakin rendah berat badan lahir maka semakin tinggi kadar mikroalbuminuria.
Biorreator na micropropagação de abacaxi ornamental
Authors: Reis Caroline Oliveira , Silva Adriano Bortolotti , Landgraf Paulo Roberto , Batisita Jessica Azevedo , Jacome Guilherme Antonio
Published: August 2018

Ornamental pineapple is a hard plant with significant landscaping value. Typically, conventional propagation is performed by clump division with low yields, and may even spread diseases. Plant tissue culture is viable, yielding plants with a high phytosanitary and genetic quality over a short time period. This study aimed to verify the in vitro multiplication of ornamental pineapple plants (Ananas comosus var. bracteatus L.) in different micropropagation systems, in association with BAP concentrations. Plants with about 2 cm were used, transplanted to the different treatments: bioreactor, natural ventilation and conventional micropropagation, combined with 3 BAP concentrations (0, 1 and 2 mg L-1). The basic medium used consisted of MS salts. The highest number of shoots and in vitro culture growth were obtained with the use of bioreactor and culture medium containing 2 mg L-1 BAP. The temporary immersion bioreactor allows air renewal inside the bottles, leading to a better performance of in vitro cultivation of ornamental pineapple, when compared to conventional micropropagation.
Writing the Ethnographic Story: Constructing Narrative out of Narratives
Authors: Bönisch-Brednich Brigitte
Published: August 2018

In this article, I analyse the ways in which ethnographers are sampling and constructing stories, how they listen, what they are hearing, and how they do stories. In short, it is asking how the fieldwork process of listening is turned into read ethnography. It retraces the various steps that are taken to transform fieldwork-infused narratives into refined ethnographic storytelling for academic audiences. I argue that, by neglecting continuously to review this space, anthropology and its related disciplines will continue to struggle to define their place in the canon of the social sciences and humanities. The ethnographer as author and as storyteller is very much at the heart of crafting the act of storytelling. The ever-evolving refinement of our methods towards narrative ethnography is in constant tension with our need and desire to be taken seriously as a social science; hence the production of ethnography is still overshadowed by the demand – imagined or real – to adhere to approved methods of production defined by methodologies of accountability.
Erzählmacht ist Handlungsmacht ist DeutungsmachtCoping and Adjustmentim Umsiedlungsprozess
Authors: Flor Valeska
Published: August 2018

Dieser Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, wie das Erzählen und der Erzählprozess zur Bewältigung –coping and adjustment– von Umsiedlungserfahrungen beitragen kann. Im Bewältigungsprozess von tagebaubedingten Umsiedlungsmaßnahmen werden verschiedene Strategien zur Bewältigung der Erfahrungen genutzt: neben der konkreten Beteiligung am Planungsprozess und der Bedeutsamkeit von Erinnerungsobjekten ist es vor allem das Erzählen als performativer Akt, der den Umsiedlerinnen und Umsiedlern dabei hilft, die teils als traumatisch wahrgenommen Ereignisse zu verarbeiten. Dabei spielen Bewältigungsstrategien in allen Phasen des Umsiedlungsprozesses eine Rolle. Die vier Phasen des Prozesses (Planung, Übergang, Community-Formation und Übergabe an Andere/spätere Generationen) lassen sich daher auch auf ihr Bewältigungspotential analysieren. Das Erzählen und vor allem das Wiedererzählen über den Prozess und die Umsiedlung spielen dabei in allen Phasen eine Rolle, sind aber in der Umsiedlungsforschung noch wenig bedacht. Diese narratologische Anschlussfähigkeit an die theoretischen Modelle zur Umsiedlung wird in diesem Aufsatz dargestellt.
Metus Persicus?
Authors: Havener Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

The Sasanians have been characterized as Rome’s enemy par excellence in the ancient sources as well as in modern scholarship. According to the Greek and Roman historians, from the moment of its emergence in the second decade of the third century CE, the new dynasty pursued an extremely aggressive policy towards the Western neighbour that resulted in fierce and renewed military conflict and brought the Roman Empire to the brink of desaster. However, a closer look on the respective historiographic and biographic texts from contemporary and later authors reveals a deeper meaning behind their depictions of Roman-Sasanian conflict in the third century. This article argues that authors like Cassius Dio, Herodian and the composer of the fourth-century Historia Augusta used these narrations in order to name and address severe problems within the Roman Empire. Their considerations focused on the mechanisms of imperial government and self-representation which underwent a profound and radical change in the course of the third century. The principate of the previous centuries with its perfectly balanced system of communication between the emperor, the senate, the people of Rome and the army was gradually transformed into an overt military monarchy in which the emperors ostentatiously displayed their exclusive reliance on the soldiers as the crucial foundation of their rule. Although the characterization of Sasanian politics and attitudes towards Rome in the historiographic and biographic texts was certainly not merely an interpretatio Romana, the conditions within the Roman empire have to be taken into account in order to fully understand the contemporary and later historians’ intentions and the specific thrust of their texts.
Effects of Far-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Materials on Recovery During 2-Week Preseason of Elite Futsal Players
Authors: Nunes Renan F.H. , Cidral-Filho Francisco J. , Flores Lucinar J.F. , Nakamura Fabio Y. , Rodriguez Harrison F.M. , Bobinski Franciane , De Sousa Amanda , Petronilho Fabricia , Danielski Lucineia G. , Martins Maryane M. , Martins Daniel F. , Guglielmo Luiz G.A.
Published: August 2018

Nunes, RFH, Cidral-Filho, FJ, Flores, LJF, Nakamura, FY, Rodriguez, HFM, Bobinski, F, De Sousa, A, Petronilho, F, Danielski, LG, Martins, MM, Martins, DF, and Guglielmo, LGA. Effects of far-infrared emitting ceramic materials on recovery during 2-week preseason of elite futsal players.J Strength Cond Res34(1): 235–248, 2020—We investigated the effects of far-infrared emitting ceramic materials (cFIR) during overnight sleep on neuromuscular, biochemical and perceptual markers in futsal players. Twenty athletes performed a 2-week preseason training program and during sleep wore bioceramic (BIO;n= 10) or placebo pants (PL;n= 10). Performance (countermovement jump [CMJ]; squat jump [SJ]; sprints 5, 10, and 15-m) and biochemical markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha-TNF-α, interleukin 10-IL-10, thiobarbituric acid–reactive species [TBARS], carbonyl, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT]) were obtained at baseline and after the 1st and 2nd week of training. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and training strain were monitored throughout. Changes in ΔCMJ and ΔSJ were possibly (60/36/4 [week-1]) and likely (76/22/2 [week-2]) higher in BIO. Both groups were faster in 5-m sprint in week 2 compared with baseline (p= 0.015), furthermore, BIO was likely faster in 10-m sprint (3/25/72 [week 1]). Significant group × time interaction in %ΔTNF-α were observed (p= 0.024 [week-1];p= 0.021 [week-2]) with values possibly (53/44/3 [week 1]) and likely (80/19/1 [week 2]) higher in BIO. The %ΔIL-10 decreased across weeks compared with baseline (p= 0.019 [week-1];p= 0.026 [week-2]), showing values likely higher in BIO (81/16/3 [week-1]; 80/17/3 [week-2]). Significant weekly increases in %ΔTBARS (p= 0.001 [week-1];p= 0.011 [week-2]) and %ΔCarbonyl (p= 0.002 [week-1];p< 0.001 [week-2]) were observed compared with baseline, showing likely (91/5/4 [week-1]) and possibly (68/30/2 [week-2]) higher changes in BIO. Significant weekly decreases in %ΔSOD were observed compared with baseline (p= 0.046 [week 1];p= 0.011 [week-2]), and between week 2 and week 1 (p= 0.021), in addition to significant decreases in %ΔCAT compared with baseline (p= 0.070 [week 1];p= 0.012 [week 2]). Training strain (p= 0.021; very -likely [0/2/98]; week 1) and DOMS was lower in BIO (likely; 7 sessions) with differences over time (p= 0.001). The results suggest that the daily use of cFIR clothing could facilitate recovery, especially on perceptual markers during the early phases of an intensive training period.