bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miRNA-486 and miRNA-499 in human plasma evaluate the clinical stages of lung cancer and play a role as a tumor suppressor in lung tumorigeneisis not pathogenesis
Authors: Jia Youchao , Zang Aimin , Feng Yanguang , Li Xiao-Fang , Zhang Ke , Li Hefei , Wang Ruiyao , Wei Yaning , Huo Ran
Published: January 2016

It was aimed to explore the expression level of miRNA-486 and miRNA-499 in the plasma of lung cancer patients and analysis their differences in expre-ssion. The expression level of both miRNA-486 and miRNA-499 in the plasma of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05) and the decrease was more obvious in NSCLC. Compare with the miRNA-499，expression quantity in NSCLC patients plasma. There was statistical significance difference (p<0.05) between III～Ⅳstage and I～II stage. The expression quantity of miRNA in plasma of patients with extensive-stage SCLC was lower than that of patients with limited-stage SCLC (p<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of plasms miRNA-486 respectively were 88.5% and 83.3%. The expression of miRNA-499 and miRNA-486 in lung cancer patients were up-regulated, and might be closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of lung cancer, and might be used as potential screening and prognosis index for lung cancer.

 
Chemical characterization and mode of action of Ligustrum lucidum flower essential oil against food-borne pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Bajpai Vivek K. , Singh Siddhartha , Mehta Archana
Published: January 2016

Current research analyzes the chemical composition of Ligustrum lucidum flower essential oil obtained by the hydrodistillation, and examines its anti-microbial mode of action against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the oil resulted in the determination of 44 different compounds, representing 85.2% of the total oil. The oil (1 mg/disc) showed significant antibacterial effect as diameters of inhibition zones (14.6 ± 0.2 – 19.7 ± 0.3 mm), as well as minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations values (250–1000 and 250–2000 µg/mL), respectively. Based on the susceptibility, L. lucidum flower oil revealed its mode of action on membrane integrity as confirmed by increased release of extracellular ATP (2.5 and 2.2 pg/mL), leakage of potassium ions (950 and 900 mM/L), loss of 260-nm absorbing materials (4.2 and 3.9 optical density), and increase in relative electrical conductivity (10.6 and 9.8%) against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC-1621 (Gram-positive) and Salmonella enterica ATCC-4731 (Gram-negative), respectively.

 
The Birth of Thought: Dramatization, Pluralisation and the Idea
Authors: Abdullah Ayesha
Published: January 2016

One cannot deny that, even when not explicit, ethical themes run throughout Deleuze's works. Indeed, the method of dramatization directly relates to the production of ethical forms of being. As a method of investigation – critique, if one will – dramatization offers a consistent but dynamic method for interpreting and creating concepts. At the heart of such a method is the attempt to seek the anti-anthropological, anti-hegemonic and anti-representational forces described by Friedrich Nietzsche. It is at the level of this pre-individual multiplicity of forces that an axiology can be grounded. At this level, the singularity of a given object, domain or field of knowledge reveals itself. Most importantly, however, the method of dramatization resists the unethical relationship to being enacted throughout history by means of the logic of representation.
A Thought without Puppeteer: Ethics of Dramatization and Selection of Becomings
Authors: Wiame Aline
Published: January 2016

In order to understand how Deleuze's method of dramatization is ‘not privileging mankind in any way’, this article turns to the figure of the marionette as it is discreetly, but consistently, developed thorough Deleuze's books. Inspired by Kleist's On the Marionette Theatre, this marionette figure claims for a rhizomatic approach to the subject, defined by the lines it draws into space and exercising its freedom in the present of Aion through spatio-temporal dynamisms similar to those of Leibniz's monads. The strange freedom developed by marionettes also leads to an examination of Nietzsche's ‘eternal return’, which is at the core of Deleuze's elaboration of the method of dramatization. Combining Nietzsche's eternal return with the characteristics of Deleuzian marionettes then requires us to revisit the famous concept of ‘becoming’: becomings are selective, both methodologically and ontologically.
Three Ways of Speaking: Deleuze's Way, or Death and Flight
Authors: Lawlor Leonard R.
Published: January 2016

In this essay, I examine the ‘Postulates of Linguistics’ chapter of A Thousand Plateaus. In regard to this chapter, I aim to demonstrate something that has remained unrecognised about minor language in Deleuze and Guattari. I aim to show not only the characteristics of Deleuzian speaking in tongues (glossolalia) that overlap with Foucaultian speaking-freely (parrēsia) and with Derridean speaking-distantly (teleiopoesis), but also and more importantly, I hope to show how it is possible for us to make a language speak in tongues. Derrida's way of speaking is made only by forming an enunciation that states a self-contradiction, which thereby makes the enunciation imply more than it says. Foucault's way of speaking is made only by forming an enunciation that states the truth directly and loudly, which thereby makes the enunciation do more than it says. And finally, Deleuze (and Guattari's) way of speaking is made only by forming an enunciation that states a command abstracted from its context, which thereby makes the enunciation proliferate. All three ways of speaking are made not for the benefit of the speaker, but ‘in favour of’ others. And perhaps this speaking ‘in favour of’ (au profit de) others will allow us to come to understand the true meaning of the phrase ‘capitalism and schizophrenia’.
Love, Language and the Dramatization of Ethical Worlds in Deleuze
Authors: Barker Joseph
Published: January 2016

Dramatization has been conceived by some Deleuze scholars as ‘dramatizing’ the mode of existence of a subject. This paper argues, on the contrary, dramatization involves the very creation of a viewpoint on the world. The ethical significance of dramatization is not the ability to ‘evaluate’ certain subjective modes of existence, but to produce ways of unfolding the world in which we do not ‘imprison’ others and in which multiple perspectives are allowed to unfold. Love is incapable of such a truly ethical comportment, because the lover is always thrown back onto their own world, trapped within subjectivity, unable to see from two viewpoints at once. A world is most precisely a set of signs, a set of relationships between ‘things’ and ‘meanings’ (senses); therefore, in order to produce more ‘ethical’ worlds, worlds in which we do not ‘explicate’ or imprison ourselves and others too much, we must turn to art. Art is precisely a ‘unity’ in which multiple perspectives are allowed to unfold at their own rhythm. Language perfects this insofar as the creation of new modes of grammatical relation in writing is nothing more than the unification of a multiplicity of relationships between meaning and things.
The Wages of Continuity: Health Policy Under the SNP
Authors: Greer Scott L. , Wilson Iain , Donnelly Peter D.
Published: January 2016

In government, the SNP has accentuated stability, public provision, and integration in health care and focused energy and patience in neglected ‘Cinderella’ policy areas such as mental health, public health, and health inequalities. This approach is not dissimilar to the policies of previous devolved Scottish governments. It makes Scotland an unusual kind of NHS system- one with stability and long-term focus on issues that are not obvious political winners. The SNP's successes in health come from building on, holding firm to, and developing this distinctively Scottish style of health policy.
Introduction. Capitalism: Theological Perspectives and Critiques
Authors: Messer Neil
Published: January 2016

Not Available.
Analysis of a Solar Cooling System for Climatic Conditions of Five Different Cities of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rafique M. , Rehman Shafiqur , Lashin Aref , Al Arifi Nassir
Published: January 2016

Air high in humidity leads to uncomfortable conditions and promotes the growth of different fungi and bacteria, which may cause health problems. The control of moisture content in the air using traditional air conditioning techniques is not a suitable option due to large consumption of primary energy and hence emission of greenhouse gases. The evaporative cooling technology is a cost effective and eco-friendly alternative but can provide thermal comfort conditions only under low humidity conditions. However, the evaporative cooling method can be used effectively in conjunction with desiccant dehumidifiers for better control of humidity. Such systems can control the temperature and humidity of the air independently and can effectively utilize the low-grade thermal energy resources. In this paper, the theoretical analysis of desiccant based evaporative cooling systems is carried out for five cities in Saudi Arabia (Jeddah, Jazan, Riyadh, Hail, and Dhahran). It has been observed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system varies from 0.275 to 0.476 for different locations. The water removal capacity of the desiccant wheel is at its maximum for the climatic conditions of Jazan and at its minimum for Hail. The effect of climatic conditions of five cities on regeneration temperature, air mass flow rate, and potential of solar energy has been evaluated using RET Screen software.
The Chaotic-Based Control of Three-Port Isolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converters for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Bochen , Zhang Yue , Cheng Ming , Chu Kai , Xu Liang
Published: January 2016

Three-port isolated (TPI) bidirectional DC/DC converters have three energy ports and offer advantages of large voltage gain, galvanic isolation ability and high power density. For this reason this kind of converters are suitable to connect different energy sources and loads in electric and hybrid vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to propose chaotic modulation and the related control scheme for TPI bidirectional DC/DC converters, in such a way that the switching harmonic peaks can be suppressed in spectrum and the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) is reduced. Two chaotic modulation strategies, namely the continuously chaotic modulation and the discretely chaotic modulation are presented. These two chaotic modulation strategies are applied for TPI bidirectional DC/DC converters with shifted-phase angle based control and phase-shifted PWM control. Both simulation and experiments are given to verify the validity of the proposed chaotic modulation-based control schemes.
Biomarker-Based Approaches for Assessing Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Niemelä Onni
Published: January 2016

Although alcohol use disorders rank among the leading public health problems worldwide, hazardous drinking practices and associated morbidity continue to remain underdiagnosed. It is postulated here that a more systematic use of biomarkers improves the detection of the specific role of alcohol abuse behind poor health. Interventions should be initiated by obtaining information on the actual amounts of recent alcohol consumption through questionnaires and measurements of ethanol and its specific metabolites, such as ethyl glucuronide. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a valuable tool for assessing chronic heavy drinking. Activities of common liver enzymes can be used for screening ethanol-induced liver dysfunction and to provide information on the risk of co-morbidities including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and vascular diseases. Conventional biomarkers supplemented with indices of immune activation and fibrogenesis can help to assess the severity and prognosis of ethanol-induced tissue damage. Many ethanol-sensitive biomarkers respond to the status of oxidative stress, and their levels are modulated by factors of life style, including weight gain, physical exercise or coffee consumption in an age- and gender-dependent manner. Therefore, further attention should be paid to defining safe limits of ethanol intake in various demographic categories and establishing common reference intervals for biomarkers of alcohol use disorders.
The Protective Effect of Icariin on Mitochondrial Transport and Distribution in Primary Hippocampal Neurons from 3× Tg-AD Mice
Authors: Chen Yijing , Han Shuangxue , Huang Xiuxian , Ni Jiazuan , He Xiaoyang
Published: January 2016

Icariin, a pharmacologically active component isolated from the Chinese herb Epimedium, has been shown to improve spatial learning and memory abilities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rats through inhibition of Aβ production and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. However, the potential mechanism of icariin-induced protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunctions in AD still remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of icariin on the modulation of mitochondrial transport and distribution in primary hippocampal cultures from triple-transgenic (3× Tg) AD mice. The results showed that icariin enhanced mitochondrial motility and increased mitochondrial index and mitochondrial length and size in the diseased neurons. Additionally, the expression of the key mitochondrial enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase-E1α (PDHE1α), and the post synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), was preserved in AD neurons after icariin treatment, accompanied by a downregulation of Aβ and phosphorylated tau expression in the corresponding areas. Further study showed that icariin treatment resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and an increase in fusion protein Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). These data indicate that icariin can promote mitochondrial transport, protect mitochondria against fragmentation and preserve the expression of mitochondrial and synaptic functional proteins in AD neurons. Thus, icariin may be a potential therapeutic complement for AD and other mitochondrial malfunction-related neuronal degenerative diseases.
miR-30-5p Regulates Muscle Differentiation and Alternative Splicing of Muscle-Related Genes by Targeting MBNL
Authors: Zhang Bo-Wen , Cai Han-Fang , Wei Xue-Feng , Sun Jia-Jie , Lan Xian-Yong , Lei Chu-Zhao , Lin Feng-Peng , Qi Xing-Lei , Plath Martin , Chen Hong
Published: January 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of single stranded, small (~22 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs, play an important role in muscle development. We focused on the role of the miR-30-5p family during bovine muscle development from previous high-throughput sequencing results and analyzed their expression profiles. MHC and MyoG mRNAs expression as well as their proteins were suppressed in differentiated C2C12 cells, suggesting the importance of miR-30-5p in muscle development. MBNL, the candidate target of miR-30-5p, is an alternative splicing regulation factor. MBNL1 and MBNL3 have opposite effects on muscle differentiation. Our results confirmed that miR-30a-5p and miR-30e-5p repress the expression of MBNL1, MBNL2 and MBNL3, whereas miR-30b-5p inhibits MBNL1 and MBNL2 expression. This provides direct evidence that MBNL expression can be flexibly regulated by miR-30-5p. Previous studies showed that MBNL1 promotes exon inclusion of two muscle-related genes (Trim55 and INSR). Through RNA splicing studies, we found that miR-30-5p had an effect on their alternative splicing, which means miR-30-5p via MBNL1 could be integrated into muscle signaling pathways in which INSR or Trim55 are located. In conclusion, miR-30-5p could inhibit muscle cell differentiation and regulate the alternative splicing of Trim55 and INSR by targeting MBNL. These results promote the understanding of the function of miRNAs in muscle development.
Commercial Applications of Metal Foams: Their Properties and Production
Authors: García-Moreno Francisco
Published: January 2016

This work gives an overview of the production, properties and industrial applications of metal foams. First, it classifies the most relevant manufacturing routes and methods. Then, it reviews the most important properties, with special interest in the mechanical and functional aspects, but also taking into account costs and feasibility considerations. These properties are the motivation and basis of related applications. Finally, a summary of the most relevant applications showing a large number of actual examples is presented. Concluding, we can forecast a slow, but continuous growth of this industrial sector.
Metabolic Profiling and Antioxidant Assay of Metabolites from Three Radish Cultivars (Raphanus sativus)
Authors: Park Chang , Baskar Thanislas , Park Soo-Yun , Kim Sun-Ju , Valan Arasu Mariadhas , Al-Dhabi Naif , Kim Jae , Park Sang
Published: January 2016

A total of 13 anthocyanins and 33 metabolites; including organic acids, phenolic acids, amino acids, organic compounds, sugar acids, sugar alcohols, and sugars, were profiled in three radish cultivars by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS)-based metabolite profiling. Total phenolics and flavonoids and their in vitro antioxidant activities were assessed. Pelargonidins were found to be the major anthocyanin in the cultivars studied. The cultivar Man Tang Hong showed the highest level of anthocyanins (1.89 ± 0.07 mg/g), phenolics (0.0664 ± 0.0033 mg/g) and flavonoids (0.0096 ± 0.0004 mg/g). Here; the variation of secondary metabolites in the radishes is described, as well as their association with primary metabolites. The low-molecular-weight hydrophilic metabolite profiles were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), Pearson’s correlation analysis. PCA fully distinguished the three radish cultivars tested. The polar metabolites were strongly correlated between metabolites that participate in the TCA cycle. The chemometrics results revealed that TCA cycle intermediates and free phenolic acids as well as anthocyanins were higher in the cultivar Man Tang Hong than in the others. Furthermore; superoxide radical scavenging activities and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging were investigated to elucidate the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites in the cultivars. Man Tang Hong showed the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (68.87%) at 1000 μg/mL, and DPPH activity (20.78%), followed by Seo Ho and then Hong Feng No. 1. The results demonstrate that GC-TOFMS-based metabolite profiling, integrated with chemometrics, is an applicable method for distinguishing phenotypic variation and determining biochemical reactions connecting primary and secondary metabolism. Therefore; this study might provide information on the relationship between primary and secondary metabolites and a synergistic antioxidant ability derived from the secondary metabolites in the radish cultivars.
Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats—A Proteomic Approach
Authors: Ilavenil Soundharrajan , Al-Dhabi Naif , Srigopalram Srisesharam , Ock Kim Young , Agastian Paul , Baru Rajasekhar , Choi Ki , Valan Arasu Mariadhas
Published: January 2016

Understanding the mechanism of chemical toxicity, which is essential for cross-species and dose extrapolations, is a major challenge for toxicologists. Standard mechanistic studies in animals for examining the toxic and pathological changes associated with the chemical exposure have often been limited to the single end point or pathways. Toxicoproteomics represents a potential aid to the toxicologist to understand the multiple pathways involved in the mechanism of toxicity and also determine the biomarkers that are possible to predictive the toxicological response. We performed an acute toxicity study in Wistar rats with the prototype liver toxin; the acetaminophen (APAP) effects on protein profiles in the liver and its correlation with the plasma biochemical markers for liver injury were analyzed. Three separate groups—control, nontoxic (150 mg/kg) and toxic dose (1500 mg/kg) of APAP—were studied. The proteins extracted from the liver were separated by 2-DE and analyzed by MALDI-TOF. The differential proteins in the gels were analyzed by BIORAD’s PDQuest software and identified by feeding the peptide mass fingerprint data to various public domain programs like Mascot and MS-Fit. The identified proteins in toxicity-induced rats were classified based on their putative protein functions, which are oxidative stress (31%), immunity (14%), neurological related (12%) and transporter proteins (2%), whereas in non-toxic dose-induced rats they were oxidative stress (9%), immunity (6%), neurological (14%) and transporter proteins (9%). It is evident that the percentages of oxidative stress and immunity-related proteins were up-regulated in toxicity-induced rats as compared with nontoxic and control rats. Some of the liver drug metabolizing and detoxifying enzymes were depleted under toxic conditions compared with non-toxic rats. Several other proteins were identified as a first step in developing an in-house rodent liver toxicoproteomics database.
Dynamic Ecocentric Assessment Combining Emergy and Data Envelopment Analysis: Application to Wind Farms
Authors: Martín-Gamboa Mario , Iribarren Diego
Published: January 2016

Most of current life-cycle approaches show an anthropocentric standpoint for the evaluation of human-dominated activities. However, this perspective is insufficient when it comes to assessing the contribution of natural resources to production processes. In this respect, emergy analysis evaluates human-driven systems from a donor-side perspective, accounting for the environmental effort performed to make the resources available. This article presents a novel methodological framework, which combines emergy analysis and dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the ecocentric assessment of multiple resembling entities over an extended period of time. The use of this approach is shown through a case study of wind energy farms. Furthermore, the results obtained are compared with those of previous studies from two different angles. On the one hand, a comparison with results from anthropocentric approaches (combined life cycle assessment and DEA) is drawn. On the other hand, results from similar ecocentric approaches, but without a dynamic model, are also subject to comparison. The combined use of emergy analysis and dynamic DEA is found to be a valid methodological framework for the computation of resource efficiency and the valuation of ecosystem services. It complements traditional anthropocentric assessments while appropriately including relevant time effects.
An Assessment of the Cultivated Cropland Class of NLCD 2006 Using a Multi-Source and Multi-Criteria Approach
Authors: Danielson Patrick , Yang Limin , Jin Suming , Homer Collin , Napton Darrell
Published: January 2016

We developed a method that analyzes the quality of the cultivated cropland class mapped in the USA National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006. The method integrates multiple geospatial datasets and a Multi Index Integrated Change Analysis (MIICA) change detection method that captures spectral changes to identify the spatial distribution and magnitude of potential commission and omission errors for the cultivated cropland class in NLCD 2006. The majority of the commission and omission errors in NLCD 2006 are in areas where cultivated cropland is not the most dominant land cover type. The errors are primarily attributed to the less accurate training dataset derived from the National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer dataset. In contrast, error rates are low in areas where cultivated cropland is the dominant land cover. Agreement between model-identified commission errors and independently interpreted reference data was high (79%). Agreement was low (40%) for omission error comparison. The majority of the commission errors in the NLCD 2006 cultivated crops were confused with low-intensity developed classes, while the majority of omission errors were from herbaceous and shrub classes. Some errors were caused by inaccurate land cover change from misclassification in NLCD 2001 and the subsequent land cover post-classification process.
A Survey on Urban Traffic Management System Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nellore Kapileswar , Hancke Gerhard
Published: January 2016

Nowadays, the number of vehicles has increased exponentially, but the bedrock capacities of roads and transportation systems have not developed in an equivalent way to efficiently cope with the number of vehicles traveling on them. Due to this, road jamming and traffic correlated pollution have increased with the associated adverse societal and financial effect on different markets worldwide. A static control system may block emergency vehicles due to traffic jams. Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing attention in traffic detection and avoiding road congestion. WSNs are very trendy due to their faster transfer of information, easy installation, less maintenance, compactness and for being less expensive compared to other network options. There has been significant research on Traffic Management Systems using WSNs to avoid congestion, ensure priority for emergency vehicles and cut the Average Waiting Time (AWT) of vehicles at intersections. In recent decades, researchers have started to monitor real-time traffic using WSNs, RFIDs, ZigBee, VANETs, Bluetooth devices, cameras and infrared signals. This paper presents a survey of current urban traffic management schemes for priority-based signalling, and reducing congestion and the AWT of vehicles. The main objective of this survey is to provide a taxonomy of different traffic management schemes used for avoiding congestion. Existing urban traffic management schemes for the avoidance of congestion and providing priority to emergency vehicles are considered and set the foundation for further research.
Key Management Scheme Based on Route Planning of Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liang Jixing , Zheng Bingxin , Jiang Shengming , Chen Wei
Published: January 2016

In many wireless sensor network application scenarios the key management scheme with a Mobile Sink (MS) should be fully investigated. This paper proposes a key management scheme based on dynamic clustering and optimal-routing choice of MS. The concept of Traveling Salesman Problem with Neighbor areas (TSPN) in dynamic clustering for data exchange is proposed, and the selection probability is used in MS route planning. The proposed scheme extends static key management to dynamic key management by considering the dynamic clustering and mobility of MSs, which can effectively balance the total energy consumption during the activities. Considering the different resources available to the member nodes and sink node, the session key between cluster head and MS is established by modified an ECC encryption with Diffie-Hellman key exchange (ECDH) algorithm and the session key between member node and cluster head is built with a binary symmetric polynomial. By analyzing the security of data storage, data transfer and the mechanism of dynamic key management, the proposed scheme has more advantages to help improve the resilience of the key management system of the network on the premise of satisfying higher connectivity and storage efficiency.
The Study of Cross-layer Optimization for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks Implemented in Coal Mines
Authors: Ding Xu , Shi Lei , Han Jianghong , Lu Jingting
Published: January 2016

Wireless sensor networks deployed in coal mines could help companies provide workers working in coal mines with more qualified working conditions. With the underground information collected by sensor nodes at hand, the underground working conditions could be evaluated more precisely. However, sensor nodes may tend to malfunction due to their limited energy supply. In this paper, we study the cross-layer optimization problem for wireless rechargeable sensor networks implemented in coal mines, of which the energy could be replenished through the newly-brewed wireless energy transfer technique. The main results of this article are two-fold: firstly, we obtain the optimal relay nodes’ placement according to the minimum overall energy consumption criterion through the Lagrange dual problem and KKT conditions; secondly, the optimal strategies for recharging locomotives and wireless sensor networks are acquired by solving a cross-layer optimization problem. The cyclic nature of these strategies is also manifested through simulations in this paper.
Clinical Assessment of Scapula Motion: Scapula Upward Rotation and Relationship with Injury in Swimmers
Authors: Brown Jo , Mellifont Rebecca , Burkett Brendan
Published: January 2016

Abnormal scapulothoracic mechanics and scapulohumeral rhythm are implicated in shoulder pathologies, including glenohumeral impingement and rotator cuff tears. Upward scapula rotation, specifically asymmetry of scapula motion and associations of patterns through range with injury, was investigated in dominant and non-dominant limbs of nationally ranked junior and Paralympic swimmers during competition season. The static and throughout phases measures of upward scapula rotation were: Phase I (start position, 45°), Phase II (45° to 90°), Phase III (90° to 135°) and Phase IV (135° to max). Injury was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Differences between side (dominant and non-dominant), group (junior and Paralympic), and phase were examined. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups were identified for dominant side at rest, 45° and 135°, and in phases II and IV (including range). Scapulohumeral rhythm was higher in the non-dominant limb of Paralympic swimmers but in the dominant limb of junior swimmers. Greatest differences in upward rotation between injured and non-injured swimmers were found in Phase 1: 43.6% (3.3°) Paralympic; 73.1% (8°) junior. Results suggest asymmetry of movement in both limbs, through all phases, and at single points in range, should be investigated for assessing injury and developing preventive strategies and rehabilitation protocols.
Studies on Charges for Sea Area Utilization Management and Its Effect on the Sustainable Development of Marine Economy in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Yang Lijing , Wang Ping , Cao Linglong , Liu Yongjian , Chen Lei
Published: January 2016

Marine economy plays an important role in the growth of the global economy. With its continuous development in the past years, the driving roll of marine economy in China’s economy has become remarkable. It is of strategic significance for China’s economic sustainable development to strengthen the exploration of marine resources and promote the quality and profit of the marine economy. To explore sustainable marine resources, one important economic management method is to implement paid use system, specify marine resource property rights and collect Charges for Sea Area Utilization (CSAU). With the approval of the “Guangdong Marine Economic Experimental Zone Program”, Guangdong province targets the building of an economically strong marine province. The collection and rational expenditure of CSAU not only play a positive role in the rapid and sustainable development of the marine economy, but also offer financial guarantee and support for the building of an economically strong marine province. In this paper, the CSAU collection and expenditure in the past decade after the issuance of the Sea Area Use Management Law and the corresponding performance were evaluated and analyzed, and the problems in the CSAU collection and management were discussed. Furthermore, countermeasures were proposed to perfect the CSAU expenditure management policy, define the distribution proportion at all levels, optimize the expenditure structure, and strengthen the supervision and management mechanism. The results and conclusion of this paper could not only greatly promote the construction of marine economy, rational development and sustainable use of marine resources, but also provide a reference for other coastal provinces in China.
Metal and Microelement Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Early Life Permethrin-Treated Rats
Authors: Nasuti Cinzia , Ferraro Stefano , Giovannetti Rita , Piangerelli Marco , Gabbianelli Rosita
Published: January 2016

Hair is a non-invasive biological material useful in the biomonitoring of trace elements because it is a vehicle for substance excretion from the body, and it permits evaluating long-term metal exposure. Here, hair from an animal model of neurodegeneration, induced by early life permethrin treatment from the sixth to 21th day of life, has been analyzed with the aim to assess if metal and microelement content could be used as biomarkers. A hair trace element assay was performed by the ICP-MS technique in six- and 12-month-old rats. A significant increase of As, Mg, S and Zn was measured in the permethrin-treated group at 12 months compared to six months, while Si and Cu/Zn were decreased. K, Cu/Zn and S were increased in the treated group compared to age-matched controls at six and 12 months, respectively. Cr significantly decreased in the treated group at 12 months. PCA analysis showed both a best difference between treated and age-matched control groups at six months. The present findings support the evidence that the Cu/Zn ratio and K, measured at six months, are the best biomarkers for neurodegeneration. This study supports the use of hair analysis to identify biomarkers of neurodegeneration induced by early life permethrin pesticide exposure.
Les chênaies des montagnes pyrénéo-cantabriques, un élément forestier du système agro-pastoral
Authors: Métailié Jean-Paul
Published: January 2016

Los robledales en las sierras pirineo-cantábricas : elemento forestal del sistema agropastoril. En las sierras pirineo-cantábricas, los robledales son un indicador de las relaciones entre el bosque y la sociedad de montaña. Fueron el foco del espacio rural en el que se concentraron los aprovechamientos más diversos, tanto pastoriles como forestales. Víctimas de la explotación tradicional (pastoreo intensivo, quemadas) que los ha alterado profundamente, a la vez fueron protegidos cuidadosamente como inidspensable reserva de madera. Hoy los desequilibrios dominan : el robledal aparece sea como un fósil silvo-pastoril, sea como una forma transitoria hacia el yermo.
La distribution des restaurants dans le centre de Toulouse
Authors: Clément Serge , Megdiche Cyrille
Published: January 2016

La distribution spatiale des restaurants à Toulouse obéit à des logiques que le découpage administratif en quartiers ne permet pas toujours de comprendre. D'où cette tentative de décrire l'organisation interne de cette répartition à partir de quelques critères recueillis par enquête directe auprès de 395 établissements ouverts en mai 1985. La combinaison des indicateurs : prix minimum du repas, mode de restauration et type de cuisine, a permis de caractériser 34 « unités spatiales de restauration » dont la distribution dans Toulouse suggère une certaine cohérence entre les activités, l'histoire de l'espace urbain et l'évolution de la restauration elle-même.
Les archives photographiques des services de restauration des terrains en montagne
Authors: Richefort Isabelle
Published: January 2016

Les collections photographiques des archives RTM contiennent des milliers de clichés répartis entre les services locaux et les archives centrales (Direction des Forêts, Archives nationales, CEMAGREF, ENGREF). Les clichés se trouvent sous la forme de plaque de verre (service locaux) ou de tirages papier (services centraux). Une action conjointe de la Direction des Archives de France, du Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'ONF a été entreprise pour sauvegarder cette richesse iconographique. Les opérations d'inventaire, catalogage et conservation s'étendront sur plusieurs années et déboucheront sur la mise à disposition publique de ces sources.
Déprise pastorale et dynamique des peuplements forestiers en montagne : l'exemple de Sansa, Pyrénées-Orientales
Authors: Desailly Bertrand
Published: January 2016

La soulane de Sansa (Pyrénées-Orientales) présente, entre 1 400 m et 2 370 m, une juxtaposition de milieux à dynamiques forestières différentes, dans le temps comme dans l'espace. La combinaison de facteurs physiques (histoire du climat) et humains (pratiques pastorales) permet d'expliquer les variations dans le repeuplement forestier.
Le reboisement de RTM de l'Aigoual, en Cévennes : épopée dissidente ou expérience d'avant-garde?
Authors: Nougarède Olivier , Poupardin Denis , Larrère Raphaël
Published: January 2016

Le reboisement de RTM de l'Aigoual a toujours été présenté comme l'œuvre d'un seul homme, Georges Fabre, forestier novateur et diplomate, qui aurait réalisé au mieux les objectifs de la loi de 1882. En fait le reboisement de l'Aigoual, commencé dès 1865 est l'œuvre collectif de plusieurs forestiers. Par ailleurs la plupart des travaux furent réalisés hors du cadre de la loi de 1882, par le biais d'achat à l'amiable voire d'achats de bois communaux déjà soumis au régime forestier. L'objectif principal des reboisements était moins la restauration des pentes érodées que la constitution d'une forêt de production devant se substituer au système agraire en crise. Cette crise facilite les acquisitions et l'extension du périmètre ; le pragmatisme technique et scientifique de Fabre trouva dans l'Aigoual un immense champ d'expérimentation forestière qui aboutit à la belle forêt actuelle.
CLOUDLESS ATMOSPHERES FOR L/T DWARFS AND EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS
Authors: Tremblin P. , Amundsen D. S. , Chabrier G. , Baraffe I. , Drummond B. , Hinkley S. , Mourier P. , Venot O.
Published: January 2016

The admitted, conventional scenario to explain the complex spectral evolution of brown dwarfs (BDs) since their first detection 20 years ago has always been the key role played by micron-size condensates, called “dust” or “clouds,” in their atmosphere. This scenario, however, faces major problems, in particular the J-band brightening and the resurgence of FeH absorption at the L to T transition, and a physical first-principle understanding of this transition is lacking. In this Letter, we propose a new, completely different explanation for BD and extrasolar giant planet (EGP) spectral evolution, without the need to invoke clouds. We show that, due to the slowness of the CO/CH4 and N2/NH3 chemical reactions, brown dwarf (L and T, respectively) and EGP atmospheres are subject to a thermo-chemical instability similar in nature to the fingering or chemical convective instability present in Earth oceans and at the Earth core/mantle boundary. The induced small-scale turbulent energy transport reduces the temperature gradient in the atmosphere, explaining the observed increase in near-infrared J–H and J–K colors of L dwarfs and hot EGPs, while a warming up of the deep atmosphere along the L to T transition, as the CO/CH4 instability vanishes, naturally solves the two aforementioned puzzles, and provides a physical explanation of the L to T transition. This new picture leads to a drastic revision of our understanding of BD and EGP atmospheres and their evolution.
THE RELATION BETWEEN GALAXY STRUCTURE AND SPECTRAL TYPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BUILDUP OF THE QUIESCENT GALAXY POPULATION AT 0.5 < z < 2.0
Authors: Yano Michael , Kriek Mariska , Wel Arjen van der , Whitaker Katherine E.
Published: January 2016

We present the relation between galaxy structure and spectral type, using a K-selected galaxy sample at 0.5 < z < 2.0. Based on similarities between the UV-to-NIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we classify galaxies into 32 spectral types. The different types span a wide range in evolutionary phases, and thus—in combination with available CANDELS/F160W imaging—are ideal to study the structural evolution of galaxies. Effective radii (R
e) and Sérsic parameters (n) have been measured for 572 individual galaxies, and for each type, we determine R
e at fixed stellar mass by correcting for the mass-size relation. We use the rest-frame U − V versus V − J diagram to investigate evolutionary trends. When moving into the direction perpendicular to the star-forming sequence, in which we see the Hα equivalent width and the specific star formation rate (sSFR) decrease, we find a decrease in R
e and an increase in n. On the quiescent sequence we find an opposite trend, with older redder galaxies being larger. When splitting the sample into redshift bins, we find that young post-starburst galaxies are most prevalent at z > 1.5 and significantly smaller than all other galaxy types at the same redshift. This result suggests that the suppression of star formation may be associated with significant structural evolution at z > 1.5. At z < 1, galaxy types with intermediate sSFRs (10−11.5–10−10.5 yr−1) do not have post-starburst SED shapes. These galaxies have similar sizes as older quiescent galaxies, implying that they can passively evolve onto the quiescent sequence, without increasing the average size of the quiescent galaxy population.
SEASONAL EVOLUTION ON THE NUCLEUS OF COMET C/2013 A1 (SIDING SPRING)
Authors: Li (李荐扬) Jian-Yang , Samarasinha Nalin H. , Kelley Michael S. P. , Farnham Tony L. , Bodewits Dennis , Lisse Carey M. , Mutchler Max J. , A’Hearn Michael F. , Delamere W. Alan
Published: January 2016

We observed Comet C/Siding Spring using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) during its close approach to Mars. The high spatial resolution images obtained through the F689M, F775W, and F845M filters reveal the characteristics of the dust coma. The dust production rate of C/Siding Spring, quantified by Afρ, is 590 ± 30, 640 ± 30, and 670 ± 30 cm in a 420 km radius aperture at a 38° solar phase angle through the three filters, respectively, consistent with other observations at a similar time and geometry, and with model predictions based on earlier measurements. The dust expansion velocity is ∼150–250 m s−1 for micron-sized dust grains, similar to the speeds found for other comets. The coma has a color slope of (5.5 ± 1.5)%/100 nm between 689 and 845 nm, similar to previous HST measurements at comparable aperture sizes, consistent with the lack of color dependence on heliocentric distance for almost all previously observed active comets. The rotational period of the nucleus of C/Siding Spring is determined from the periodic brightness variation in the coma to be 8.00 ± 0.08 hr, with no excited rotational state detected. The dust coma shows a broad and diffuse fan-shaped feature in the sunward direction, with no temporal morphological variation observed. The projected orientation of the dust feature, combined with the previous analysis of the coma morphology and other characteristics, suggests secular activity evolution of the comet in its inner solar system passage as one previously observed active region turns off whereas new regions exposed to sunlight due to seasonal illumination change.
Les professionnels du bâtiment face aux enjeux énergétiques, une perspective limitée
Authors: Villot Jonathan , Gondran Natacha , Laforest Valérie
Published: January 2016

Cet article interroge la dynamique des professionnels français du bâtiment devant les enjeux énergétiques et environnementaux portés par ce secteur. Sur la base d’une étude menée en 2012 sur un territoire d’étude spécifique (le département de la Loire), ce travail tente d’évaluer l’état du secteur du bâtiment ainsi que les limites ou freins rencontrés par ses acteurs « humains » et « techniques ». Par l’analyse distanciée des résultats qualitatifs et quantitatifs issus d’enquêtes, la recherche révèle une pluralité de situations et d’entraves (pour certaines connues mais rarement quantifiées) dont les dispositifs palliatifs semblent encore insuffisants. Le secteur du bâtiment se révèle alors incapable de s’orienter vers de nouvelles perspectives énergétiques sans une rupture totale de ses modes de penser et d’agir. Cette rupture nécessitant alors de parfaire la rationalité des acteurs et notamment celle de la « puissance publique ».
Les « pratiquants » de l’Agriparc : mise en perspective des valeurs environnementales liées au milieu de vie
Authors: Houdayer Hélène
Published: January 2016

La ville de Montpellier connaît une dynamique migratoire positive exerçant une pression foncière se traduisant d’une part par un étalement périurbain et d’autre part une fréquentation des espaces verts en hausse. Nous sommes partis du point de vue des promoteurs d’un des deux Agriparcs de cette ville afin de réfléchir aux processus de socialisation de l’espace vécu en tant que milieu. À cette fin, nous avons mené une enquête auprès des « pratiquants » du lieu. Ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans le concept du développement durable en présentant des projets conciliant les fonctions urbaines et agricoles que nous rencontrons dans les zones périurbaines. Notre enquête montre de quelle manière il est possible pour les pratiquants des lieux de préserver l’écosystème largement fréquenté par les habitants, tout en concédant aux agriculteurs une place déterminante dans l’appréciation des lieux. L’ensemble participe largement au processus de socialisation de l'espace. Nous montrons aussi comment le projet de l’Agriparc est attractif du point de vue des valeurs environnementales proposées : il opère les liens nécessaires nature-culture en jouant sur les émotions des pratiquants, sur le caractère biologique des cultures mises en place, tout en se voulant attentif à la biodiversité.
Supply Chain Process Efficiency (SCPE) and Firm's Financial Efficiency (FFE)
Authors: Baig Viqar Ali , Akhtar Javaid
Published: January 2016

The core object of this chapter is to develop efficiency measurement technique which links SC processes' efficiency (SCPE) to a firm's financial policy (FFP) through demonstrating and utilising the connection between SCPE and a firm's financial efficiency (FFE). The Dempster Shafer/Analytical Hierarchy Processes (DS/AHP) model is employed to link SCPE to the firm's financial efficiency through defining the relevant importance weights of SCPE measures regarding the preferences of FFE. The chapter also introduces a SC Financial Link Index (SCFLI) to examine the degree to which SCPE is linked to the FFE objectives. This index offers an effective supply chain management (SCM) tool to provide continuous feedback on SCPE and recognise the suitable employed remedial actions. Analysing this index offers opportunities for detailed evaluation of SCPE and empowers firms to trace SC processes that need improvement, causing in more control on daily SC operations. The proposed method permits the evaluation, monitoring, and control of SCPE to enhance SC policy for better alignment with the FFP. Linking SCPE to the FFP objectives empowers firms to gain competitive advantages and formulate strategies for improved SCM through linking such strategies to the focus area of improving the FFE.
Government's Role in Setting Optimal Policies for Green Supply Chain
Authors: Sabat Kalicharan
Published: January 2016

In the last two decades lot of research was done in the area of Green design and Green supply chain management. But very few researchers have really tried to study the government's role in the implementation of Green designs and Green supply chain in any nation. In this paper simple general equilibrium model is used to analyze the benefits from taxes, and subsidies by government for green disposal efforts such as waste reduction, waste recycle, remanufacturing, and disposal on both the manufacturers and household consumers.