bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid modeling of diffusive shock acceleration in collisionless shocks in multispecies plasma
Authors: Kropotina J. A. , Bykov A. M. , Ermolina V. E. , Osipov S. M. , Romansky V. I.
Published: April 2021

Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) is a very efficient mechanism of high energy particle acceleration in heliosphere, supernova remnants, stellar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We present microscopic simulation of particle injection and diffusive shock acceleration which is performed with 3D divergence-conserving second-order accurate hybrid code "Maximus". Hydrogen plasma with admixture of various heavy ions is considered. The injection process is found to start through shock reflection for both hydrogen and heavier ions. However, the reflection process depends on charge-to-mass ratio. While hydrogen ions reflection appears at shock ramp and is governed by the cross-shock potential, the reflection of ions with greater A=Z proceeds deeper down-stream via gyration in perpendicular magnetic field component. The heavy ions appear to inject into the DSA preferentially, but this chemical enhancement saturates with growing A=Z. The protons injection efficiency is estimated within various approaches, and it is shown that about 20% of initial flow energy goes into accelerated particles.
SUMMARY OF CONTACT WITH DR. MARIK. PULMONARY MEDICINE AND CRITICAL CARE. EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL - USA.
Authors: De Boni Luis
Published: April 2021

This brief note introduces the reproduction of medical content, authored by Doctor Paul E. Marik. Dr. Marik is Professor of Medicine and Chief of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia (USA). Dr. Marik is an extremely qualified and experienced professional. The reprinting of the material was authorized by Dr. Marik himself on 12/02/2020. This material is relevant in the Brazilian scenario due to standardized procedures for patients infected with the coronavirus. Only 1 of the 5 files kindly provided by the author, in PDF format, was selected and reproduced as received, without any editing. Due to the pandemic's long duration, the Journal editors (who are not medical doctors) have already had the opportunity to monitor the development of the disease in more than one infected person. The type of treatment offered to patients seems to influence the course, duration, and severity of the disease. The treatments described in the materials below appear to be effective and have good results. The editors will refrain from making additional comments on the proposed methods not to influence anyone, restricting themselves to suggesting that they be discussed with the reader's trusted doctor in case of need or doubts. Complete, updated information and also translated into Portuguese are available at . We are grateful to Dr. Marik for his kindness in giving us his time in this troubled period.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF HEAVY METAL ADSORPTION IN A MULTIMETAL SOLUTION BY BENTONITE-KAOLIN-ZEOLITE PELLETS
Authors: CARBONEL-RAMOS Dalia Elisa , CHIRINOS Hugo David , GOMÉZ-MARROQUÍN Mery Cecilia , AGARWAL Madhu
Published: April 2021

Background: Heavy metals contamination of surface and groundwater is a major environmental problem. Clay minerals are porous and are efficient to adsorb metal ions. Amongst the available treatment technologies, adsorption is the most cost-effective, easy to operate, scalable, and replicable to remediate heavy metals from water solution. Aim: This study aimed to assess the adsorption performance of clay pellets of natural aluminosilicates, bentonite (29%), kaolin (4%) and zeolite (67%) to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Methods: The effect of optimal operating conditions like contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and heavy metals initial concentration has been studied. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were also performed. Adsorbents were characterized using FTIR analysis. Results and Discussion: Optimum values for contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and initial concentration of lead, copper, and cadmium were; 240 min; 25 g/L; 4.3; and 4mg/L, 7 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm was the best-fitted isotherm model for the three metals. Adsorption kinetics showed that the lead and copper adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model while cadmium suited with the pseudo-first-order model. The selectivity of the pellets towards the metal ions was in the order of Pb > Cu > Cd. Conclusions: The new combination of bentonite-kaolinite-zeolite pellets worked well in tertiary wastewater treatment and successfully utilized as a natural adsorbent in multimetal solution. The results confirmed that the used clay pellets have better adsorption capacity than many other reported studies. Maximum adsorption capacity can be further increased by adjusting the calcination temperature and applying chemical treatments to the clay pellets before extrusion. The response surface analysis evaluated the predicted optimal values for the four operating factors.
Pagina gialla
Authors: Ventura Alessandro
Published: April 2021

Ricchi ma poveri di ferro? - Curare bene una polmonite - KawaCovid - Malaria - Breve… è bello - Diagnosi di dermatite erpetiforme
Three-dimensional Printing in Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Applications and Future Developments
Authors: Wixted Colleen M. , Peterson Jonathan R. , Kadakia Rishin J. , Adams Samuel B.
Published: April 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an exciting form of manufacturing technology that has transformed the way we can treat various medical pathologies. Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing fuses materials together in a layer-by-layer fashion to construct a final 3D product. This technology allows flexibility in the design process and enables efficient production of both off-the-shelf and personalized medical products that accommodate patient needs better than traditional manufacturing processes. In the field of orthopaedic surgery, 3D printing implants and instrumentation can be used to address a variety of pathologies that would otherwise be challenging to manage with products made from traditional subtractive manufacturing. Furthermore, 3D bioprinting has significantly impacted bone and cartilage restoration procedures and has the potential to completely transform how we treat patients with debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. Although costs can be high, as technology advances, the economics of 3D printing will improve, especially as the benefits of this technology have clearly been demonstrated in both orthopaedic surgery and medicine as a whole. This review outlines the basics of 3D printing technology and its current applications in orthopaedic surgery and ends with a brief summary of 3D bioprinting and its potential future impact.
El control del teletrabajo en tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Molina Oscar , Godino Alejandro , Molina Alba
Published: April 2021

La crisis sanitaria generada por el Covid-19 —y las medidas de distanciamiento social y confinamiento implementadas para hacerle frente— ha impulsado el teletrabajo, así como el debate sobre su implementación y beneficios. A partir de los resultados de una encuesta realizada en las primeras semanas de confinamiento en España, este artículo explora los mecanismos de control del rendimiento laboral de personas teletrabajando, así como su incidencia con base en determinadas variables individuales, organizativas y sectoriales. Los resultados muestran la traslación de prácticas propias del presencialismo al ámbito del trabajo remoto que, combinado con el seguimiento de objetivos y la ausencia de registro horario, pueden llevar a problemas para garantizar el derecho a la desconexión. Los resultados se complementan con una discusión sobre la literatura existente sobre el control del teletrabajo y el análisis de los cambios regulatorios más recientes en relación al teletrabajo, el trabajo flexible y el derecho a la desconexión.
Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: A Narrative Clinical Review
Authors: Pervaiz Amina , El-Baba Firas , Dhillon Kunwardeep , Daoud Asil , Soubani Ayman
Published: April 2021

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with vaso-occlusive episodes that affect different organs. Pulmonary involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. We performed a literature search in the PubMed database for articles addressing SCD and pulmonary diseases. Acute chest syndrome is defined as a new radiodensity on chest radiograph imaging with a history consistent of the disease. Management includes broad spectrum antibiotics, pain control, and blood transfusions. Microvasculature infarcts lead to functional asplenia, which in turn increases the risk of being infected with encapsulated organisms. Universal vaccinations and antibiotic prophylaxis play a significant role in decreasing mortality from pulmonary infections. Venous thromboembolism in patients with SCD should be treated in the same manner as in the general population. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with SCD also increases mortality. The American Thoracic Society treatment modalities are based on the underlying etiology which is either directed at treating SCD itself, using vasodilator medications if the patient is in group 1, or using long-term anticoagulation if the patient is group 4 (in terms of etiology). Patients with SCD are more likely to suffer from asthma in comparison to controls. Sleep disorders of breathing should be considered in patients with unexplained nocturnal and daytime hypoxemia, or recurrentvaso-occlusive events. Lastly, the utility of pulmonary function tests still needs to be established.
GLOSS APPROVING THE JUDGMENT OF THE PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE COURT IN SZCZECIN OF 22 AUGUST 2019, REFERENCE NUMBER ACT: II SA/SZ 597/19
Authors: Kwaśniak Aleksander
Published: April 2021

The commented judgment concerns the issue of the transport of disabled people in wheelchairs in public transport. Assessing the judgment in two dimensions, and this: the scope of the statutory authorization of the commune council to enact order regulations and the prohibition of discrimination against disabled people; the author of the gloss concludes that this judgment deserves approval. The gloss is polemical with respect to the critical gloss regarding this judgment.
Zirkumzision
Authors: Wagener Franziska
Published: April 2021

The public debate about the legal assessment of circumcision of male infants that was created by a penal decision by the Landgericht Köln culminated in December 2012 in the newly introduced legal norm § 1631d BGB. In addition to the examination of formal and material requirements, the different legal classification of the intervention on the male and female genital is being scrutinized. Particular attention is also paid to the special facts of the second paragraph of the norm, which deviate from the doctor's caveat in favor of religious communities. The legal certainty for all affected that was desired with the creation of the norm should in principle have been achieved. Individual aspects nevertheless prove to be problematic.
On the Compatibility of Competing Narratives
Authors: Weberman David ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

We reconstruct past events, whether in history or in everyday life, in the form of narratives. Yet narratives describing one and the same set of events can and do differ. What is the relation between these different narratives? Must they necessarily conflict? When are they compatible and when not? If we can tell stories differently without getting the facts wrong, what constraints can there be for judging the adequacy of competing narratives?
Conceptualizing the Self: The Role of Narratives
Authors: Narayanan V Hari ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The paper seeks to argue that different ways in which the self is understood, even if radically distinct from one another, are cases of different narratives. This is done by appealing to conceptual metaphor theory. The paper begins by briefly explaining the difference between the minimal and narrative self and then argues that even radically different ways of understanding the self are cases of different narratives arising out of a metaphorical understanding of abstract concepts.
Reassessing Personality and Narratives in the Brain and Behavioral Health Sciences
Authors: Hernández-Chávez Paola , Lozano-Carrillo Oscar ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Narratives play an important role in the conceptualizations and classifications of mental disorders and cognitive dysfunctions. They recur in psychiatry, psychology, cognitive sciences, impairments' therapeutics, etc. Despite their relevance, first-person reporting and specialists' recounting of clinical cases have been understated in the literature. This is intriguing since narratives can potentially influence diagnostic statements, procedures, and prescriptions of rehabilitation treatments. They can also account for the extent to which certain disorders are normalized or pathologized within specific cultural contexts. Nonetheless, a narrative/story/description cannot be substituted for the contributions of the brain and behavioral health sciences. In Section I, we summarize three reasons that could explain the deflationary view of narratives in the clinical and neuroscientific literature: a) The brain and behavioral health sciences’ aspiration to emulate successful disciplines centered on pathogen-causal models; b) The bioinspired explanatory patterns; and c) The brain and behavioral health sciences’ neglect of the big picture, i.e., the interaction of components when a cognitive/psychiatric/psychological problem presents. A concomitant core problem is presented in Section II: Psychiatry's out-of-date conception of personality assumes that personality traits are fixed features of a subject’s identity and that identity is a static closed system. In Section III, we challenge this view and urge brain and behavioral health sciences professionals to update their notion of personality and narrative. We conclude by offering some criteria that distinguish genuine narratives from story-like accounts (i.e., genuine narratives must be consistent, explanatory, coherent, and constant).
On Choosing Where to Stand
Authors: Yarmel Aaron J. ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2021

When selecting approaches to pursuing social change, activists commonly evaluate the merits of individual approaches without considering the distributions of approaches already in their movements. This is a problem. I argue, from both general considerations about the division of cognitive labor and empirical evidence from sociology, that some distributions of approaches are better for movements than others and that activists can and should change these distributions for the better rather than for the worse.
Introduction
Authors: Landes Donald A. ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

As a descriptive philosophy, it might seem that the ethical nowhere has its place in phenomenology. And yet, phenomenology is every-where shot through with normative concerns. This section includes articles from the 2018 conference Toward a Phenomenological Ethics, where two themes emerged regarding the elusive place of the ethical in phenomenology: first, research demonstrates that early phenomenology was indeed oriented by the ethical; second, Critical Phenomenology examines ethical questions in terms of intersubjectivity and oppression. In this introduction, I suggest that the place of the ethical in phenomenology implies a certain paradoxical logic of expression, and I consider the relationship between expression and encroachment. This points to a double responsibility for the cultivation of our own virtual and the virtual that we collectively sustain. I conclude with a brief re􀏔lection on how these ideas might help us to rethink our responsibilities in the age of COVID-19.
Phenomenology and the Ethics of Love
Authors: Anderson Ellie ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

Phenomenologists have long viewed love as a central form of inter-subjective engagement. I show here that it is also of concern to phenomenological ethics. After establishing the relation of phenomenology to ethics, I show that both classical and existential phenomenology view love as an act of valuing the loved one. I argue that a second act of valuing is latent in phenomenology: valuing the relationship. These values are evident in the phenomenological distinction between true love, which generates a “perspective in difference,” and false love, which seeks union with the beloved manifesting in devotion and/or jealousy. Because culturally dominant heteronormative scripts incline individuals toward false love, lovers should create their own pacts for ethical relationships. I consider consensually non-monogamous relationships as an example.
Sur l’épuisement subjectif comme problème féministe
Authors: Casselot Marie-Anne ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, je soutiens que l’épuisement subjectif fragilise l’individualité dans l’exécution des actes intentionnels de douter, se soucier, planifier et finalement se protéger. Ces quatre actes intentionnels sont intersubjectifs puisqu’ils sont orientés vers autrui et illustrent une relationnalité imposée (un « exister-pour-autrui » se déclinant au détriment d’un « exister-pour-soi »). L’épuisement subjectif est relatif aux individus et il affecte la subjectivité parce qu’il empêche l’individu d’entreprendre des projets existentiels individuels. Cette relationnalité imposée et toujours orientée vers autrui affaiblit l’intentionnalité d’une personne et fragilise son individualité. Une description phénoménologique révèle ces actes invisibles et non quantifiables, et comment ils influencent les intentions et les actions d’un sujet. Finalement, je soutiens que l’épuisement subjectif est un phénomène négatif impliquant des risques éthiques, épistémiques, existentiels et émotionnels pour les sujets subalternes. Ainsi, ces quatre actes intentionnels, vécus dans un contexte social inégalitaire, renforcent l'épuisement subjectif et l’imposent aux sujets subalternes.
The Real Effects of Rationality
Authors: Feldman Alex J. ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

Two critical reviews of Discipline and Punish inspired an exchange between Foucault and some prominent historians in 1978. In the texts from this exchange, Foucault addresses their criticism that, by focusing on unrealized plans and programs, such as Bentham’s Panopticon, his book lacks a sense of historical reality. Foucault replies, first, that the true aim of his book is to explore the emergence of a new type of penal rationality, not to insist that the Panopticon itself has been realized. Second, he holds that types of rationality can produce distinctive sorts of effects, regardless of whether the plans and programs to which they are attached are ever fully achieved. This paper seeks to clarify Foucault’s underlying account in these responses of rationality and its efficacy. It also takes up and develops Foucault’s suggestive distinction between two different types of effects: “effects in the real” and “reality effects.”
Points, Plasticity, and the Logic of Contraction in Alain Badiou and Catherine Malabou
Authors: Matheson Kimberly ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

This article presents Catherine Malabou and Alain Badiou as theorists of contraction (a kind of reduction or tightening that accompanies every process of transformation) and its related operations of self-reflexivity and infinite iteration. Trading on these commonalities, the article hopes to draw out Malabou’s and Badiou’s respective formalist commitments. On Badiou’s side, it sharpens the question of what is at stake in something as regulated as a “procedure”; on Malabou’s, it recognizes formal stakes to plasticity that often go unrecognized because of her penchant for biology. The article then concludes with a broad comparison of these two thinkers in terms of their accounts of potential and imagines the critiques each might leverage against the other. Where Malabou might well regard Badiou to be too tightly constraining the shape of the future, Badiou is likely to find in Malabou one more instance of a naïve democratic materialism.
Empowered Choices: African-American Women's Breast Reconstruction Decisions
Authors: Connors Shahnjayla K. , Leal Isabel Martinez , Nitturi Vijay , Iwundu Chisom N. , Maza Valentina , Reyes Stacey , Acquati Chiara , Reitzel Lorraine R.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Breast reconstruction (BR) potentially can improve quality of life in postmastectomy breast cancer survivors (BCS); however, African-American women are less likely to undergo BR than Caucasian women. This qualitative study was undertaken to explore individual, sociocultural,
and contextual factors influencing African-American women's BR decision-making processes and preferences. Methods: Postmastectomy African-American BCS with and without BR participated in semi-structured interviews. We adopted a grounded theory approach using the constant comparison
method to understand the contexts and processes informing participants' BR decision-making. Results: Twenty-three women participated, of whom 17 elected BR and 6 did not. Whereas women's primary reasons for deciding for or against BR differed, our core category, "empowered choices
," describes both groups' decision-making as a process focused on empowering themselves physically and/or psychologically, through self-advocacy, informed and shared decision-making, and giving back/receiving communal and spiritual support from church and African-American survivor groups.
Socioeconomic factors influenced women's access to BR. Women preferred autologous BR and expressed the need for greater culturally-matched resources and support to inform treatment and shared BR decision-making. Conclusions: Understanding and supporting African-American women's BR preferences
and empowerment is essential to ensuring equal access, and culturally-relevant, high-quality, and informed patient-centered care.
Risk and Time Preferences, Subjective Social Status, and Smoking Behaviors
Authors: Kim Younoh , Radoias Vlad
Published: April 2021

Objectives: In the context of rapidly developing economies, socioeconomic changes bring about increased inequality, lower perceived social status, stress, and depression, all of which contribute to the high incidence of smoking. In this study, we investigate the linkages between
social status and smoking behaviors. Methods: Using data from Indonesia, we use regression analysis to study the roles of socioeconomic factors and individual risk and time preferences in determining smoking behaviors. Results: We find that both objective and perceived social
status matter, but the role of perceived social status is orders of magnitude larger than that of objective social status measures, such as income or education. Conclusions: Whereas traditional policies focused on income or education can be effective in reducing smoking, our results
suggest that much more can be achieved through policies that target inequality and socioeconomic stress.
Percepciones docentes hacia las altas capacidades intelectuales
Authors: García Barrera Alba , Monge López Carlos , Gómez Hernández Patricia
Published: April 2021

Actualmente, los alumnos con altas capacidades intelectuales parecen no estar adecuadamente identificados ni atendidos en los centros educativos, lo cual se ve agravado por la deficiente formación del profesorado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la formación docente y la experiencia en materia de altas capacidades con los conocimientos del profesorado en torno a este tipo de alumnos. Para ello se siguió un estudio por encuesta con docentes españoles de Educación Secundaria (n = 637), quienes cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Percepción del Profesorado sobre el Alumnado con Altas Capacidades. Los resultados más destacados indicaron que el 57.35% de los participantes que habían recibido formación sobre necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo afirmó saber cuáles eran las principales necesidades de los alumnos con altas capacidades, mientras que de aquellos que no se habían formado previamente solamente contestó afirmativamente el 19.16% (ɸ = .391; sig. = .000). El 61.97% del profesorado que tenía experiencia previa en esta materia y 66.82% de aquellos que no la tenían señalaron que necesitan tener más formación específica al respecto (V = .263; sig. = .000). Los resultados de este estudio ponen de relieve la necesidad de mejorar la formación sobre este tema en la preparación inicial y continua del profesorado.

Currently, gifted students seem not to be adequately identified or cared for in schools, being aggravated by poor teacher education. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between teacher education and high capacity experience with teachers’ knowledge about this type of students. For these reasons, a survey study was followed with Spanish teachers of Secondary Education (n = 637), who completed the Teacher Perception about Gifted Students Questionnaire. The most outstanding results indicated that 57.35% of the participants who had received training on specific educational support needs stated that they knew the main needs of gifted students, meanwhile those who had not previously trained only answered affirmatively the 19.16% (ɸ = .391; sig. = .000). 61.97% of teachers who had previous experience in this area and 66.82% of those who did not it indicated that they need to have more specific training in this regard (V = .263; sig. = .000). The results of this study highlight the need to improve training on this topic in the initial and continuous teacher education.
Actitudes de los maestros en formación hacia las lenguas extranjeras y la educación multilingüe
Authors: Campos Bandrés Iris Orosia
Published: April 2021

Durante las dos últimas décadas la enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras ha contado con un gran impulso en la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón. Sin embargo, todavía está en vías de desarrollo la investigación sobre su situación y resultados tanto a nivel académico como sociolingüístico. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las actitudes de los maestros de Educación Primaria en formación en la Universidad de Zaragoza hacia la educación multilingüe y hacia las lenguas extranjeras preponderantes en el sistema educativo autonómico y estatal (inglés y francés), así como conocer el uso que hacen de las mismas. Los resultados del cuestionario completado por 874 alumnos de 1º y 4º curso de magisterio muestran la presencia de actitudes neutras hacia el francés y favorables hacia el inglés y la educación multilingüe, así como el influjo de algunas variables, como el perfil lingüístico del sujeto o el curso académico, principalmente signifivativas en las actitudes hacia la enseñanza multilingüe. 

Foreign languages teaching has been intensely implemented in Aragon during the last two decades. Nevertheless, there are still few researches focused on its situation and results in both the academic and the sociolinguistic area. The main objective of this research is to explore the attitudes of teacher training students in Zaragoza University towards multilingual education and the main foreign languages taught in the educational system regional and national (English and French). The study also aims to examine the use of these languages among future teachers. The research was carried out through a survey with 874 participants from 1st and 4th grade of Primary Education Teacher Training. The results show neutral attitudes towards French language and favorable attitudes towards English and multilingual education. It has been also found the influence of some variables like the linguistic profile and the academic grade, mainly sifnificant in the attitudes towards multilingual education.
The training process of citation and the needs of university students
Authors: Porto Castro Ana Mª , Pérez Crego Cristina , Mosteiro García Mª Josefa , Lorenzo Rey Álvaro
Published: April 2021

En la Educación Superior se requiere superar un número considerable de objetivos y tareas para alcanzar las competencias de propias de cada titulación y no todo el alumnado logra este objetivo con rigor académico, siendo el plagio un recurso utilizado en la realización de los trabajos académicos, de ahí la importancia de este fenómeno y la necesidad de tomar medidas que puedan erradicar este tipo de acciones.
En este trabajo, utilizando una metodología cualitativa y a partir de las respuestas de alumnado universitario a la pregunta sobre cómo evitar el plagio se intentó  comprender la importancia que los/as estudiantes otorgan al plagio y como lo conceptualizan, a partir del análisis e interpretación de las respuestas a: qué importancia tiene el proceso formativo en citación para ellos/as, quién debe ser el responsable de esa formación, dónde y cuándo se han de realizar esas acciones formativas, cómo debe desarrollarse el proceso formativo y motivos por qué motivos esta formación es imprescindible en el haber del alumnado.
Los resultados indican que el alumnado considera que una buena formación en citación se convierte en una herramienta clave de la que se debe hacer uso para evitar el plagio en las aulas universitarias.

In higher education, a considerable number of objectives and tasks need to be exceeded in order to achieve the competences of each degree and not all students achieve this goal with academic rigor, being Plagiarism a resource used in academic work, hence the importance of this phenomenon and the need to take measures that can eradicate this type of action.  In this paper, using a qualitative methodology and based on the answers of university students to the question on how to avoid plagiarism, an attempt was made to understand the importance that students attach to plagiarism and how they conceptualize it, from the analysis and interpretation of the answers to: the importance of the training process in citation for them, who should be responsible for that training, where and when such training actions should be carried out, how the training process should be developed and the reasons why this training is essential to the students' lives. The results indicate that students consider that a good training in citation becomes a key tool that should be used to avoid plagiarism in university classrooms.
Análisis del rol del docente universitario a partir de una crisis sanitaria: el proceso de una resignificación de lo presencial a lo virtual
Authors: Astudillo Torres Martha Patricia , Chévez Ponce Florlenis
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación analiza el rol del docente, en el contexto de educación superior, considerando los cambios acontecidos por la contingencia de la enfermedad Covid-19, la cual obligó a proseguir el proceso educativo de forma virtual en todo el mundo. El contexto del estudio se circunscribe en dos universidades públicas latinoamericanas ubicadas en México y Costa Rica; la investigación se desarrolla desde la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada, integrando la entrevista en profundidad como técnica de recogida de información. El análisis de los datos se basa en el método comparativo constante, considerando el primer momento como descriptivo, el cual permite la codificación abierta y en el segundo momento, el relacional, que permite la codificación axial y selectiva generando una matriz de codificación. Los principales hallazgos explican el rol del docente en procura de responder a las urgentes medidas adoptadas por las instituciones educativas, en la que el educador debe enmarcar el proceso educativo desde una virtualidad total para el desarrollo de los contenidos.

The present investigation analyzes the role of the teacher, in the context of higher education, considering the changes occurred by the contingency of the Covid-19 disease, which forced to continue the educational process virtually throughout the world. The context of the study is circumscribed in two Latin American public universities located in Mexico and Costa Rica; The research is developed from the methodology of the grounded theory, integrating in-depth interview as a technique for collecting information. The data analysis is based on the constant comparative method, considering the first moment as descriptive, which allows open coding and the second, relational, which allows selective and axial coding, generating a coding matrix. The main findings seek to explain the role of the teacher in trying to respond to the urgent measures of educational institutions, in which the teacher must be framed in the educational process from a total virtuality for the development of content.
Cultura profesional y TIC en la formación del profesorado en tiempos de crisis: la percepción de los docentes
Authors: Álvarez Núñez Quintín , López Gómez Silvia , Parada Gañete Ana , Gonçalves Daniela
Published: April 2021

En este artículo analizamos algunas razones básicas que explicarían las dificultades que el profesorado y los centros de Primaria han tenido para adaptarse a los cambios producidos por la pandemia. Para ello, nos basaremos en los resultados de dos investigaciones del grupo Stellae (USC). De la primera, utilizaremos los datos de las entrevistas a docentes de las Facultades de la USC que imparten la titulación de Magisterio, recogiendo sus percepciones sobre la construcción del conocimiento y la cultura profesional.  De la segunda, usaremos los resultados de las entrevistas a un grupo de profesores especialistas en TIC, junto con las entrevistas realizadas a docentes de dos centros seleccionados por sus buenas prácticas, analizando sus percepciones sobre el uso escolar de las TIC y los Materiales Didácticos Digitales. Terminaremos con un breve análisis de cómo han de cambiar los procesos de formación docente, para hacer frente a las incertidumbres y nuevos desafíos que afronta la escuela en tiempos de crisis.

In this paper, we analyzed some reasons that would explain the difficulties that teachers and primary schools had in adapting to the changes produced by the COVID 19 pandemic. For this, we start from the results of two investigations by the Stellae group (USC). From the first, we will use the data from the interviews with professors from the Faculties of the USC that confer the degree of Teaching, collecting their perceptions about the construction of knowledge and professional culture. From the second, we will use the results of interviews with a group of ICT teachers, together with interviews and observations made with teachers from two centers selected for their good practices, analyzing their perceptions about the school use of ICT and Materials Digital didactics. We will end with a brief analysis of how teacher training processes must change, in order to deal with the uncertainties and new challenges that the school faces in times of crisis.
Cruise Vessels Air Pollution Inventory for the Port of Kotor
Authors: Bratić Karlo , Stazić Ladislav , Vukičević Miroslav , Lalić Branko
Published: April 2021

Prevention of air pollution from ships, according to MARPOL Annex VI, regulates the emission of specific pollutants contained in the exhaust gases into the atmosphere. In this paper, the Port of Kotor is analysed as a case study because of its distinct geographical features, permanent attraction for tourists, and the title of the third busiest port in the Adriatic in 2017. Ships arriving to the Port of Kotor represent one of the major sources of air pollution not only in the Port area, but also in Boka Kotorska Bay as an approach route towards the Port. For calculation of air pollution inventory in this case study, ship engines’ power method was used. The focus of the research analysis is on the cruise ships visiting the Port of Kotor in 2018. For that reason, all ships under 500 GT were excluded from the analysis. The pollution shows clear seasonal pattern characteristic for ports in the Mediterranean. This behaviour is emphasised as an increasing problem that needs to be addressed. The seasonal pattern causes 82.6% of all air pollution from cruise vessels concentrated in the period from May to November.
Can Market-based Measures Stimulate Investments in Green Technologies for the Abatement of GHG Emissions from Shipping? A Review of Proposed Market-based Measures
Authors: Christodoulou Anastasia , Dalaklis Dimitrios , Ölcer Aykut , Ballini Fabio
Published: April 2021

In order for the maritime sector to align itself with the targets set by the Paris Agreement, it should reduce its GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 with the ultimate aim to phase them out entirely. It is along these lines that in April 2018 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) developed a strategy, consisting of a range of potential technical and operational measures to reduce GHG emissions from international shipping, ranking from improvements on ship design to the employment of alternative fuels. In order to stimulate the adoption of these policies, the IMO also considers the implementation of market-based measures (MBM) that will provide additional incentives to shipowners to invest in new technologies and uptake of cleaner fuels. The MBMs analysed in this paper include two different policies proposed by different countries and associations for the abatement of GHG emissions from shipping: a) the International Fund for GHG emissions from ships that includes the imposition of a global levy on marine bunker fuel for all vessels and b) the Maritime Emission Trading System (METS) that requires all maritime companies to buy/sell emission allowances to meet their annual emission reductions targets, setting a cap on global shipping emissions. This paper presents and analyses these two diverse MBMs, highlighting their main advantages and drawbacks. The scope of this paper is to investigate the potential of these MBMs to incentivise investments in new technologies and alternative fuels, both essential for the decarbonisation of the maritime sector.
Conflict Related Incidents on Board Ships: An Online News Content Analysis
Authors: Ertürk Egemen , Sağlam Bayram Bilge
Published: April 2021

Conflicts, while being unavoidable in an unorthodox workplace such as the ship, might produce serious consequences. Therefore this study aims at to identifying and classifying the reasons and the consequences of conflict related incidents on board that have made the international news. For this aim twenty-two news articles on conflict related incidents have been gathered from eight maritime industry specific online news outlets and a content analysis has been carried out to illustrate the role of conflict in these news-worthy incidents. The results show that conflict can be observed in three categories: (1) Conflict between the crew members and the shipowner/ship management companies; (2) conflict between superiors and subordinates; and (3) conflict among crew members. In the first category, “unpaid wages” and “inadequate working conditions”, in the second category, “abuse of power and authority” and “intolerance to criticism”, and in the last category “fight among crew members” due to various reasons, such as ethnical differences and exclusion are found to be prevailing reasons for conflict situations that may result in dire consequences. Even though these incidents are irreversible, the content analysis carried out in this study highlights several policy implications that can be implemented to alleviate the intensity of conflict situation on board.
A Density-Based Method for the Identification of Non-Disjoint Clusters With Arbitrary and Non-Spherical Shapes
Authors: Ben Ncir Chiheb Eddine
Published: April 2021

Overlapping clustering is an important challenge in unsupervised learning applications while it allows for each data object to belong to more than one group. Several clustering methods were proposed to deal with this requirement by using several usual clustering approaches. Although the ability of these methods to detect non-disjoint partitioning, they fail when data contain groups with arbitrary and non-spherical shapes. We propose in this work a new density based overlapping clustering method, referred to as OC-DD, which is able to detect overlapping clusters even having non-spherical and complex shapes. The proposed method is based on the density and distances to detect dense regions in data while allowing for some data objects to belong to more than one group.Experiments performed on articial and real multi-labeled datasets have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the existing ones.
An architecture for non-linear discovery of aggregated multimedia document web search results
Authors: Khan Abdur Rehman , Rashid Umer , Saleem Khalid , Ahmed Adeel
Published: April 2021

The recent proliferation of multimedia information on the web enhances user information need from simple textual lookup to multi-modal exploration activities. The current search engines act as major gateways to access the immense amount of multimedia data. However, access to the multimedia content is provided by aggregating disjoint multimedia search verticals. The aggregation of the multimedia search results cannot consider relationships in them and are partially blended. Additionally, the search results’ presentation is via linear lists, which cannot support the users’ non-linear navigation patterns to explore the multimedia search results. Contrarily, users’ are demanding more services from search engines. It includes adequate access to navigate, explore, and discover multimedia information. Our discovery approach allow users to explore and discover multimedia information by semantically aggregating disjoint verticals using sentence embeddings and transforming snippets into conceptually similar multimedia document groups. The proposed aggregation approach retains the relationship in the retrieved multimedia search results. A non-linear graph is instantiated to augment the users’ non-linear information navigation and exploration patterns, which leads to discovering new and interesting search results at various aggregated granularity levels. Our method’s empirical evaluation results achieve 99% accuracy in the aggregation of disjoint search results at different aggregated search granularity levels. Our approach provides a standard baseline for the exploration of multimedia aggregation search results.
A novel deep autoencoder based survival analysis approach for microarray dataset
Authors: Torkey Hanaa , Atlam Mostafa , El-Fishawy Nawal , Salem Hanaa
Published: April 2021

Background

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality globally. Therefore, different Machine Learning (ML) techniques were deployed for computing survival and diagnosis. Survival analysis methods are used to compute survival probability and the most important factors affecting that probability. Most survival analysis methods are used to deal with clinical features (up to hundreds), hence applying survival analysis methods like cox regression on RNAseq microarray data with many features (up to thousands) is considered a major challenge.

Methods

In this paper, a novel approach applying autoencoder to reduce the number of features is proposed. Our approach works on features reconstruction, and removal of noise within the data and features with zero variance across the samples, which facilitates extraction of features with the highest variances (across the samples) that most influence the survival probabilities. Then, it estimates the survival probability for each patient by applying random survival forests and cox regression. Applying the autoencoder on thousands of features takes a long time, thus our model is applied to the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) in order to speed up the process. Finally, the model is evaluated and compared with the existing models on three different datasets in terms of run time, concordance index, and calibration curve, and the most related genes to survival are discovered. Finally, the biological pathways and GO molecular functions are analyzed for these significant genes.

Results

We fine-tuned our autoencoder model on RNA-seq data of three datasets to train the weights in our survival prediction model, then using different samples in each dataset for testing the model. The results show that the proposed AutoCox and AutoRandom algorithms based on our feature selection autoencoder approach have better concordance index results comparing the most recent deep learning approaches when applied to each dataset. Each gene resulting from our autoencoder model weight is computed. The weights show the degree of effect for each gene upon the survival probability. For instance, four of the most survival-related experimentally validated genes are on the top of our discovered genes weights list, including PTPRG, MYST1, BG683264, and AK094562 for the breast cancer gene expression dataset. Our approach improves the survival analysis in terms of speeding up the process, enhancing the prediction accuracy, and reducing the error rate in the estimated survival probability.
Effects of different resistance training frequencies on body composition and muscular performance adaptations in men
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Asadi Abbas , Gentil Paulo , Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo , Jahangiri Pooria , Ghorbani Adel , Hackney Anthony C. , Zouhal Hassane
Published: April 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks resistance training (RT) with two sessions versus four sessions per week under volume load-equated conditions on body composition, maximal strength, and explosive actions performance in recreationally trained men.

Methods

Thirty-five healthy young men participated in the study and were randomly divided into a two sessions per-week RT (RT2, n = 12), four sessions per-week RT (RT4, n = 13) or a control group (CG, n = 10). All subjects were evaluated for thigh, chest and arm circumference, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw (MBT), 1-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press, bench press, arm curl, muscular endurance (i.e., 60% of 1RM to failure) for leg press, and bench press at pre, mid (week 4) and post an 8-week training intervention.

Results

A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (3 [group] × 3 [time]) revealed that both training groups increased chest and thigh circumferences, strength and explosive actions performance tests in comparison to CG following 8 weeks of training (p = 0.01 to 0.04). Group × time interactions were also noted in 1RM bench press (effects size [ES] = 1.07 vs. 0.89) and arm curl (ES = 1.15 vs. 0.89), with greater gains for RT4 than RT2 (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

RT improved muscle strength, explosive actions performance and markers of muscle size in recreationally trained men; however, four sessions of resistance training per week produced greater gains in muscular strength for the upper body measures (i.e., 1RM bench press and arm curl) when compared to two sessions per week under volume-equated conditions.
First remains of the enormous alligatoroidDeinosuchusfrom the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation, New Mexico
Authors: Mohler Benjamin F. , McDonald Andrew T. , Wolfe Douglas G.
Published: April 2021

The neosuchianDeinosuchusis known from numerous localities throughout the Campanian of North America, from New Jersey to Montana (USA) and as far south as Coahuila (Mexico). Here we describe six osteoderms, two vertebrae, and a partial tooth discovered in the Menefee Formation of New Mexico and assign them toDeinosuchussp., representing one of the earliest occurrences of this genus on the Laramidian subcontinent, and among the earliest known occurrences of this large alligatoroid in all of North America. The osteoderms are morphologically distinct in their inflated construction, with deep and radially distributed pitting, which closely matches osteoderms ofDeinosuchus.