bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Infliximab, an Anti-Tumor Necrosis Alpha Antibody, for Inflammatory Dermatoses
Authors: Drosou Anna , Kirsner Robert S. , Welsh Esperanza , Sullivan Tory P. , Kerdel Francisco A.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha currently approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, a controlled trial reported its effectiveness for psoriasis.

Objective:

The object of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab for inflammatory or autoimmune cutaneous disorders.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who received infliximab at the University of Miami, Cedars Medical Center.

Results:

Patients with various disease, including panniculitis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, eosinophilic fasciitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, received infliximab infusion at a dose of 5 mg/kg. All patients had refractory disease or adverse effects to previous therapy, which included cyclosporine, systemic steroids, azathioprin, clofazimine, mycophenolate mofetil, acitretin, UVB, and thalidomide. Six out of the seven patients improved after treatment.

Conclusions:

Infliximab was well tolerated in most patients and the majority benefited from the use of infliximab.
When is Recalcitrant Pyoderma Gangrenosum Truly Recalcitrant?
Authors: Barnabé Cheryl , Hurst Lorne , Alowami Salem
Published: July 2017

Background:

The literature supports many different therapies used in recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum, which suggests that the pathophysiology is not yet understood. Our hypothesis is that certain patient demographic factors, including age or size of ulcer at presentation, may predict a poor clinical outcome.

Objective:

The goal of our study was to stimulate an analysis of pyoderma gangrenosum treatment failures to identify predisposing conditions that would increase the likelihood of failure.

Conclusion:

Patients older than 50 years of age or with an ulcer greater than 25 cm in diameter may have a poor outcome, but a systematic review of pyoderma gangrenosum treatment failures should be undertaken to support this hypothesis.
Basaloid Follicular Hamartoma with Trichoblastomatous Proliferations
Authors: Kaiser Adeel , Spence Robert J. , Parwani Anil , Tihan Tarik , Barrett Terry L.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Basaloid follicular hamartomas (BFH) are rare, benign, adnexal lesions with diverse clinical presentations. Previous studies documented BFHs with fibroepithelioma of Pinkus-like proliferations, or proliferations that resemble trichoepitheliomas.

Objective:

We report on a patient with linear, unilateral BFH and extensive trichoblastomatous proliferations involving the right arm, torso, and leg. An 18-year-old female presented with multiple, hyperkeratotic, linear nodules and plaques limited to her right side from the shoulder to the leg. The lesions had existed since birth and gradually increased over time.

Results:

The lesions contained hyperpigmented, exophytic nodules with acanthosis, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, focally associated with hyperkeratosis, and squamous eddies. Some areas contained trichoepithelioma-like proliferations, or large nodules of basaloid cells with numerous cystic spaces, marked hyperpigmentation, and melanophages. The diagnosis was linear, unilateral BFH with an unusual trichoblastomatous component.

Conclusion:

While trichoblastomatous proliferations could occur in a BFH, to our knowledge this finding has not been reported.
Carbon Dioxide Laser-Treatment of Resistant Verrucae Vulgaris: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sloan Kevin , Haberman Herbert , Lynde Charles W.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Verrucae are a very common dermatological problem that can be both painful and bothersome to the individual as well as costly to the health care system. In some cases Verrucae can be notoriously resistant to therapy.

Objective:

To determine the cure rate, side effect profile, and overall satisfaction with CO2 laser treatment of recalcitrant Verrucae vulgaris.

Methods:

A retrospective survey was sent to over 200 patients who had resistant Verrucae vulgaris treated with the carbon dioxide laser at The Toronto Hospital (Western Division) from 1989 to 1994.

Results:

Ninety-two complete responses were received. The overall cure rate was 64.1% at 12 months. There was no significant difference in cure rates between single compared to multiple warts (p = .824 Fisher's exact test). The duration of the wart being present showed no difference in cure rate (p = .801 Fisher's exact test). The location of the wart also had no influence on the cure rate (p = .433 Fisher's exact test). Overall, 71.7% of the patients were happy with the laser treatment and 85.7% would have it done again.

Conclusion:

The carbon dioxide laser is an effective treatment of resistant Verrucae vulgaris.
The Natural History of Strawberry Naevi
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: July 2017

Background:

The field of dermatology was developed by clinicians with keen observational skills, who identified the natural history of clinical conditions through morphologic features.

Objective:

This article reviews the 1938 article published by Lister in which the natural history of hemangiomas are reviewed.

Conclusion:

Lister concluded “that drastic measures for the destruction of these naevi are inadvisable and treatment should be expectant and conservative.” With the advent of new laser treatments for hemangiomas, early aggressive treatment is suggested for a subgroup of these problems. However, it still holds true in 1997 that for many of these smaller lesions, treatment should be “expectant and conservative.”
Changes in the Skin's Capacitance after Damage to the Stratum Corneum in Humans
Authors: Palenske Jerel , Morhenn Vera B.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Wound healing is a complex process to study, especially in humans, because the endpoint(s) of wound-induction and healing are subjective and, therefore, difficult to quantitate. Experiments were performed to establish quantifiable endpoints during the wound-induction process in 15 humans (11 women, 4 men).

Objective:

Measurement of the skin's capacitance was used as a marker for the three stages of wound healing: 1) establishment of a wound, 2) the healing process, and 3) complete re-epithelialization.

Methods:

Superficial wounds in the epidermis were generated by tape stripping the skin on the arm of 15 healthy volunteers. The skin's capacitance was measured before tape stripping, at various time points during the induction of the wound, immediately after glistening of the epidermis was achieved, and when the wound had healed according to clinical assessment.

Results:

The values of the skin's capacitance at the point of removal of the stratum corneum varied from one individual to the next. Furthermore, the number of adhesive cellophane-tape strips needed to remove the stratum corneum and achieve glistening, due to accumulation of moisture, differed greatly from one volunteer to the next. These experiments suggest that the number of tape strips needed to remove the stratum corneum varies with age, sex, and possibly ethnicity of the subject. By contrast, during the wound healing process when a scab could be visualized, the skin's capacitance measured −122 picofarads (pF). Moreover, when the scab had disappeared, the skin's capacitance returned to baseline values (0 pF).

Conclusion:

Measurement of the skin's capacitance is a useful tool to determine two endpoints in the wounding and healing processes. The presence of a scab and the re-establishment of an intact stratum corneum can be quantitated easily. Less amenable to quantitation is the exact pF value that correlates to a specific type of wound.
Crusted Scabies in Association with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus 1
Authors: Bergman James N. , Dodd W. Alan H. , Trotter Martin J. , Oger Joel J.F. , Dutz Jan P.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection can lead to myelopathy/tropical spastic paresis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Infection with HTLV-1 has also been associated with clinically significant immunosuppression. Crusted scabies, also known as Norwegian scabies, is an uncommon presentation of scabies that may occur in conjunction with immunosuppression. Although crusted scabies has been reported in association with HTLV-1 infection, to our knowledge it has never been described in association with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy.

Objective:

The aim is to describe a case of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy and concomitant crusted scabies.

Methods:

This article includes a case report and a literature review.

Conclusions:

Crusted scabies is reported in association with HTLV-1 infection with or without concomitant ATLL. Crusted scabies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a generalized cutaneous eruption in an HTLV-1 positive patient. Patients with crusted scabies from an HTLV-1 endemic population should be tested for a possible HTLV-1 infection. These patients may be at increased risk of progressing to ATLL.
Pseudoporphyria Induced by Propionic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Al-Khenaizan Sultan , Schechter Jay F. , Sasseville Denis
Published: July 2017

Background:

Pseudoporphyria is a photosensitive bullous skin disease that is distinguished from porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) by its normal porphyrin profile. Drugs are a major cause of this disease, and the list of culprits is continually expanding. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs), especially naproxen and other propionic acid derivatives, appear to be the most common offenders.

Objective:

The study was carried out to increase awareness about the etiology and characteristic features of pseudoporphyria.

Methods:

We report two cases of pseudoporphyria caused by naproxen and oxaprozin. We review the current English language literature on this entity and discuss its clinical features, histology, ultrastructure, etiology, and pathophysiology.

Results:

A 44-year-old man taking naproxen for chronic low back pain and a 20-year-old woman on oxaprozin for rheumatoid arthritis presented with tense bullae and cutaneous fragility on the face and the back of the hands. In both, skin biopsy showed a cell-poor subepidermal vesicle with festooning of the dermal papillae. Direct immunofluorescence revealed staining at the dermal-epidermal junction and around blood vessels with IgG in the first case and with IgG, IgA, and fibrin in the second case. Urine collections and serum samples yielded normal levels of uro-and coproporphyrins.

Conclusions:

Most cases of pseudoporphyria are drug-induced. Naproxen, the most common offender, has been associated with a dimorphic clinical pattern: a PCT-like presentation and one simulating erythropoietic protoporphyria in the pediatric population. Other NSAIDs of the propionic acid family can also cause pseudoporphyria.
Needs Survey of Canadian Rosacea Patients
Authors: Shear Neil H. , Levine Carol
Published: July 2017

Background:

In 1995, a Rosacea Awareness Program (RAP) was initiated in Canada to make available educational resources for physicians and rosacea patients. Material is in French or English, and is accessible though physician offices and by toll-free telephone. Information was communicated to the public via noncommercial, editorial media. The RAP created a database of rosacea patients in Canada.

Objective:

We investigated if individuals in the database had a confirmed diagnosis of rosacea, how they perceived their treatment by the medical system, and identified their needs.

Methods:

A two-page questionnaire was mailed to 7874 individuals registered with the RAP. Thirty percent of these individuals responded. Where comparisons were made a chi-squared statistic was used.

Results:

Over 70% learned of the RAP via public media. It took patients an average of 5 years to have a diagnosis made after the first symptoms appeared. In the majority of patients (53%) the diagnosis was ultimately made by a specialist. Fifty-eight individuals said they had not discussed their condition with their doctor. Patients were likely to continue on medication that was prescribed (60%) and topical metronidazole was the most common medication used, mostly the gel formulation. Most patients used these twice daily. Patients were very satisfied with treatments and almost 90% had reduced symptoms. Despite receiving explanations and written material, patients expressed a strong interest in more information being available on skin care, make-up, and psychological aspects of rosacea.

Conclusions:

The RAP provides a needed educational service and is a useful database. Patients are very knowledgeable about their disease, but despite this and excellent therapeutic responses, the patients demand more information.
Monetary and Nonmonetary Costs to Patients Attending an Ambulatory Dermatology Clinic
Authors: Vignjevic Peter M. , Hux Janet E. , Fisher Benjamin K. , Szalai John Paul
Published: July 2017

Background:

Despite universal coverage under a provincial health plan, the residents of Ontario, Canada, still bear some costs for outpatient care, particularly for prescription drugs.

Objective:

To determine the financial and nonmonetary costs borne by patients presenting at a dermatology clinic in an academic centre, and to assess the extent to which these costs were problematic.

Methods:

Consecutive new patients in a 6-week period completed a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

Eighty-six of 140 questionnaires (61%) were returned for analysis. The mean total cost to patients was C$28.92 (range $0 to $177.00). Medications were the largest expense (mean $35.66 for those receiving medication). Despite relatively prompt referrals (mean 12.4 days) and short in-office waiting time (mean 26.5 minutes), there was a trend for subjects to rate time costs as more problematic than monetary costs.

Conclusion:

Patients attending a dermatology clinic bear variable monetary and nonmonetary costs. For some patients these costs may have the potential to impair access to care.
The “Sins” of the Fathers: Self-Healing Squamous Epithelioma in Scotland
Authors: Bale Sherri J.
Published: July 2017

Background:

A review is presented of the recent progress made in mapping of the hereditary skin disease “Ferguson-Smith multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma.”

Methods:

The use of founder effects in an autosomal dominant disease is reviewed as applied to gene mapping efforts.

Results:

A common haplotype among Scottish families segregating Ferguson-Smith disease allowed the narrowing of the candidate gene interval and the identification of several possible disease-associated genes.

Conclusion:

The gene for Ferguson-Smith multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma lies in a narrow region on chromosome 9q, along with several other important hereditary skin disease loci.
Mycobacterium Marinum with Associated Bursitis
Authors: Saadatmand Babak , Poulton James Kevin , Kauffman Catharine Lisa
Published: July 2017

Background:

Mycobacterium marinum infections have been reported for over 50 years, mostly in association with trauma in the setting of water exposure.

Objective:

The differential diagnosis for nodules in a sporotrichoid distribution with simultaneous bursitis is discussed. Mycobacterium marinum treatment regimens for skin and joint involvement are reviewed.

Methods:

Mycobacterium marinum was identified by skin tissue culture with Lowenstein-Jensen medium at 32°C. Histopathologic findings support mycobacterial infection.

Results:

Bursitis and nodules resolved in the first 2 months of a 6-month course of minocycline treatment.

Conclusion:

Bursitis is an extremely rare but significant complication of M. marinum.
Special Broadcasting Service and Ethnic Radio Broadcasting in Australia
Authors: Sklovsky G A
Published: July 2017

This paper was completed two days after the issue of the ‘Second Report of the Ethnic Television Review Panel’1 which recommends a significant restructuring of the organization of ethnic broadcasting and the creation of the Independent and multicultural Broadcasting Corporation.
Unexploited Market Unexplored Medium
Authors: Duiveman Willem , Allison Sheila
Published: July 2017

The Ethnic TV Review Panel has recommended that the proposed new multicultural and multilingual TV service be part financed by advertising. This has raised questions about the size of the multicultural advertising market and what affect it wilt have on the foreign language press.
Australian Multicultural Film & Video Productions
Authors: Williams Pamela , Allison Sheila
Published: July 2017

The situation of migrants in Australia has provided an important source of inspiration for films and video productions, both in regard to social commentary films and to films of an informational nature. Following is a list of productions which we have been able to discover (there are undoubtedly many more) which relate to migrants or a multicultural society. Distributor and running time have been given where available.
Development of Children's Comprehension of Television
Authors: Rendell Peter , Nixon Mary
Published: July 2017

The aim in the work reported was to develop an effective and economical method for investigating children's cognitive interaction with television. The methods we have used are: (i) photograph arrangement, in which individual testing is necessary; and (ii) judgments about pairs of photographs projected on slides, in which group testing is possible, and which allows an experimenter to manipulate different properties of the medium for investigation. Salient features of two studies are reported; the second method appears to have several advantages.
History of Telecommunications in Australia
Authors: Deakin Alfred
Published: July 2017

The following chronology of the development of telecommunications in Australia is excerpted from a series of illustrated posters produced by Telecom Australia and available from the Public Relations branch of Telecom in each capital city.
The Australian Children's Television Foundation
Authors: Edgar Patricia
Published: July 2017

At a meeting of the Australian Education Council in Hobart on February 19, 1981, the Ministers for Education representing the Federal and State Governments, resolved to support the establishment of an Australian Children's Television Foundation. The Foundation's major function is envisaged as encouraging the development, production and transmission of children's television programs of quality.

This organization would not duplicate existing facilities, but work through existing production houses and producers, supplying finance for worthwhile projects that are brought to it as well as commissioning the making of projects it has initiated. Following consultation with State and Government Ministers, a Steering Committee has been established with a view to the creation of the Foundation.
Immigrants and the Media
Authors: Patterson Rosalind
Published: July 2017

A review of Naomi Rosh White and Peter B White, Immigrants and the Media: Case Studies in Newspaper Reporting, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire, 1983, 175pp.
Advertising — System and Texts
Authors: Dyer Gillian
Published: July 2017

An overview of the main lines of criticism directed at advertising as an instruction and as a major producer of social messages and values. Critiques of advertising examined include the liberal rationalist, (neo) marxist, structuralist and cultural. The representation of women in advertisements is examined.

The central dilemma of radical critiques is found to be the difficulty in substantiating the mostly harmful consequences and social and behavioural effects of advertising.
The Right to Advertise: The Cigarette Debate
Authors: Blakeney Michael , McKeough Jill
Published: July 2017

The paper examines the slogan that ‘if a product is legal to sell, it should be legal to advertise’ and finds it indefensible. The veracity of free speech and free enterprise arguments in relation to cigarette advertising is examined. It is argued that pro-advertising proponents of such arguments often deny the freedoms they claim for themselves to others. Self regulation and its implications and the continued legality of the sale of cigarettes are examined.
Reply to Chapman and McKay
Authors: Kirby Richard
Published: July 2017

This reply to the Chapman-McKay attack on self-regulation in advertising seeks to clear confusion on who self-regulates — it is not any branch of the industry such as the Tobacco Institute, but the Advertising Standards Council. The reply justifies the five decisions of the Council attacked. The reply demolishes the criticism that greater latitude was shown to cigarette advertising than the ‘smoking control problem’. It also defends Members of the Council from unwarranted slurs on their integrity and ability. The choice of the ‘outside industry’ members is justified. The change by Quit for Life in removing the HCF ‘name tag’ from the Quit For Life commercial is condemned.
The Marketing of Pre-Recorded Video-Cassettes
Authors: Bonner Frances
Published: July 2017

Promotion of VCRs tries to elicit or create narrative images. Brand identification is largely genre classification. Narrative images are simplified. The domesticity of the site of consumption influences the popularity of genres with those promising a physically verifiable response preferred.
Publicity in the Australian Defence Force
Authors: Dickson J S
Published: July 2017

This article sketches the emergence of public relations in the Defence Department. The work of the Public information Branch, the problem of ‘news values’, recruiting, seminars, and internal training courses are outlined.
Australian Advertising History: A Research Note
Authors: Spierings John
Published: July 2017

This article briefly explains why the lack of interest in the history of their own field by advertisers is not accidental. It then examines some sources, mainly from the 1920s and 30s, from a Melbourne perspective. Agencies (Paton; Goldberg; Patterson; Berry-Price; Weston; J Walter Thompson) are looked at. Advertising associations, trade publications, media organizations and other material is surveyed.
Yin and Yang the Sun and the Mirror
Authors: Booth Andrew , Maley Maria
Published: July 2017

The city afternoon daily newspaper is an endangered species, already extinct in some major cities. Among more recent media, its significant, obvious and flourishing market predator is commercial television. Given this scenario, the Sydney market is unique in that it supports two of these big-budget dinosaurs — the Daily Mirror and The Sun.
AUSSAT: Its Socio-Economic Development, and Q-Net
Authors: Rowell Douglas M
Published: July 2017

The Queensland Government is pioneering innovative applications of satellite technology for the management of government functions within the state, quickly recognising the potential of the satellite and moving to secure its use. A contract was signed for transponder 11 on aussat 1 which makes it available for operational use in late 1985. The government has for many years involved itself in coordinating the use of telecommunications in support of the management of the state: the satellite now provides the way to new horizons.
Aussat and Business Management
Authors: Aked Alan
Published: July 2017

With the launch of the domestic satellite system in the last quarter of 1985, the monopoly enjoyed by Telecom Australia in the supply of long haul telecommunications carriage ended. It ended in a gentle way since the alternative carrier, aussat Pry Ltd is 75% owned by me Commonwealth and 25% owned by Telecom.
AUSSAT and the Lost Perspective: Technological Transfer
Authors: Farrell L G
Published: July 2017

Technology transfer has been the subject of debate for some time. The controversy continues and, as might be expected with anything that brings or even suggests change, debate is bound to occur. The process — often surrounded by scepticism, ignorance and self-interest — results in many aspects of new developments being lost.
Emsat: A National Educational Media Service
Authors: Widdowson Ken
Published: July 2017

emsat Pty Ltd is an organisation formed by a Melbourne-based company, Educational Media Australia Ply Ltd, in response to the opportunities offered by the new aussat domestic communications system. Its main interest in aussat is as a means of providing better delivery of film and media services and greater access by teachers to the wide range of film library material currently available.
What's Happening to Audience Research?
Authors: Nightingale Virginia
Published: July 2017

The 1980s seem to be the time for a rekindling of interest in audience research. Marketers, advertisers, film and television production houses, and public funding bodies for film production, all seem unanimous in their calls for more and better research. In such a climate, academic research has a special and complicated role to play, and some difficult choices to confront.
Impacts of the Information Technology Revolution on Australian Communities
Authors: Brotchie John F
Published: July 2017

AUSSAT is a further link in a worldwide revolution which is occurring in information technology. This new technology includes communication satellites, fibre optics, and the silicon chip, and their use in combination to reduce the ‘tyrannies of distance’, the rigidities of time scheduling, and the tedium of manual processing of information and materials.
Telematics: Convergence and Social Benefits
Authors: Lamberton D McL
Published: July 2017

Given the general predilection for technology as machines rather than the wider conception as useful knowledge (Macdonald, Lamberton & Mandeville, 1983), it is not at all surprising that the convergence thesis has been so influential. According to that thesis the two major driving forces in the most fundamental technological change human society has experienced are: (i) cost reductions, productivity or quality improvements, and new services and products largely made possible by advances in microelectronics, and (ii) the combination of computer and telecommunications technologies (OECD, 1981:11–14).
International Year of Peace 1986
Authors: Wildblood Meredith , Myers Karen
Published: July 2017

These ‘Peace Pages’ will be a regular feature in MIA throughout 1986 as a MIA and Australian Film and Television School (AFTS) contribution to the International Year of Peace. On these pages we list organisations and groups acting for peace and peace-related issues, as well as information on research, and plans for IYP. We rely on material being supplied to us — please contribute information in writing as part of your involvement in IYP. Post to MIA, AFTS, PO Box 126, North Ryde 2113. There are also book and magazine reviews and notes on peace-related publications in Henry Mayer's Book Reviews section of MIA.
Public Service Broadcasting: Crisis or Crossroads?
Authors: Barnett Steven , Docherty David
Published: July 2017

Crisis is an overused word: countries all over the world are beset by political economic and moral difficulties which the national media delight in describing as crises. The same emotive term is now being widely applied to the current state of public broadcasting in most western countries. The justification for this panic-striken analysis seems to be the proliferation of inquiries that is taking place all over the world — for suddenly, government commissions, committees and Task Forces on broadcasting seem to be all the rage.
Women Managers in Advertising: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Still Leonie V
Published: July 2017

The growing interest in the status of women in the Australian workforce has prompted a related interest in the position of women in certain industries, occupations and professions. Several studies have begun to emerge which have explored women's employment position and status in law (Mathews, 1982; Bretos, 1984); chartered accountancy (Equal Opportunity Board, Victoria, 1983); retailing (Turner & Glare, 1982); and social work (Brown & Turner, 1985). The position of women managers in business has also been examined by the Victorian Office of Women's Affairs (1981) and Still (1985), while Sampson (1985) is currently investigating the status of women in the primary, secondary and technical areas of the teaching profession.
…I've Always Wanted to Be in Radio… But How?
Authors: Baird Lois
Published: July 2017

It's a bit like those glamour jobs you dream about when you're at school — air hostess, pilot, cruise-ship captain — everybody becomes glassy-eyed and says, ‘That's what I'd like to do. ‘Radio seems to have the same effect. When you tell someone that you're in radio (or when you have to give your profession on. a loan form or tax return), they usually say, ‘Oh, that must be interesting… I've always wanted to be in radio!’
Educational Broadcasting in Australian Public Radio
Authors: Green Murray
Published: July 2017

Public broadcasting stations were established in the early 1970s to service specialist needs not met by existing electronic media. 2MBS in Sydney pioneered subscription-supported fine music radio while 5UV at the University of Adelaide was established for the purpose of Continuing Education.
EA Ethnic Radio: Dilemmas of Direction
Authors: Patterson Rosalind
Published: July 2017

On 25 March 1986, the government announced its decision on the future of EA ethnic radio and multicultural television. Following consideration of the Report of the Committee of Review of the Special Broadcasting Service (better known as the Connor Report), the Government announced that the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), founded in 1977 to oversee EA ethnic radio, is to be replaced with a new Special Broadcasting Corporation (SBC).
2GB's Midnight Matchmaker: Commercialism and Community Service Hand in Hand
Authors: Exmann-Moloney Scott
Published: July 2017

It's 11 pm and 2GB's Brian Wiltshire begins his weeknight program Midnight Matchmaker with a slow, melancholic song about a boy looking for ‘a girl with no face, no name, no number’. The song sets the mood for the next hour in which Sydney's lonely and unattached men and women are offered an opportunity to find love and companionship. Blatantly sentimental as the song may be, it's a truthful reflection of the growing problem of human isolation and loneliness that has been precipitated by the replacement of traditional, small, close-knit communities with large, inherently mobile cities.
The Irish Media
Authors: Davis Glyn
Published: July 2017

Three companies and one trustee own all the major Irish daily newspapers, though there are a number of independent weekly and regional publications. The state, through the Radio Telefis Eireann (the RTE, a public service broadcasting organisation modelled on the BBC but largely funded through advertising), runs all radio and television stations. At least, the state runs all official radio, for since the late 1970s several pirate radio stations have operated from Dublin. The government of Garret FitzGerald has promised to legitimise these stations through new broadcasting legislation.
Media, the Churches and Peace: From Gloom and Doom to Vision and Hope
Authors: Suter Keith D
Published: July 2017

The participation by Australian Christians and Churches in the current peace debate has attracted considerable media attention. Indeed, this matter has probably received greater and more prolonged media coverage than any other issue during the 1980s. Other discrete events, such as the 1986 papal tour, may have received more coverage by way of concentrated attention but the peace issue has been a hardy perennial for about seven years.
Spotlight on Film: All the World's a Stage
Authors: Knight Arthur
Published: July 2017

One phenomenon dominates the history of motion pictures: at one time or another, a single country has emerged as the most creative and vital source of film making on the international scene. It is almost as if a spotlight moved across the stages of the world, pausing now here, now there, to illuminate the work of an entire group of artists. This was perhaps understandable in the Soviet Union during the mid-Nineteen-Twenties, when a new government actively encouraged experimentation in all the arts, and particularly the art of the motion picture.
Whether to Suffer the Slings and Arrows or to Take Arms: The Role of the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal in Judicial Review
Authors: Grey Leo , Phillipps Richard
Published: July 2017

In recent years, a number of decisions made by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal have been challenged in the Federal Court and the High Court. Many of these challenges have concerned procedural issues arising in public inquiries. Others have attacked final decisions made by the Tribunal at the end of an inquiry. Still others have tried to limit the scope of the Tribunal's powers to regulate programs.
Comment Why Dallas was Able to Conquer Italy
Authors: Rando Gaetano
Published: July 2017

Waddick Doyle's paper presents an interesting theoretical proposition on the relationship between broadcasting and the political system in Italy and one which may well provide a basis for the consideration of this relationship in the context of other European countries. It is also suggestive in terms of the decision making process in the Italian political system in an area (broadcasting) which is universally characterised by a notorious reluctance to legislate on the part of governments.
Lobbying and Breastfeeding
Authors: Walker Gael
Published: July 2017

Supporting breastfeeding is a motherhood statement for every politician, government department bureaucrat and health professional. Their failure to implement an international code on breastfeeding indicates the complexity of this public interest issue. Issues arising in lobbying on breastfeeding and artificial feeding and marketing of artificial feeding are analysed.
Different Views of Press Freedom
Authors: Milne John
Published: July 2017

Cultural differences between Indonesia and Australia have tended to affect media relations between the two neighbours. The article analyses some specific differences in attitudes to the role of the media and freedom of speech. A better mutual understanding of these differing attitudes would go some way to bridging the gulf and the article suggests some practical ways in which this could be achieved.
Cultural Studies & Advertising Policy
Authors: Jones Paul
Published: July 2017

The recent interest in cultural policy by those who place themselves within the field or cultural studies marks an ironic return to the neglected concerns of one of the founders of that field, Raymond Williams. Despite his evident theoretical capabilities in the sociology of culture, policy questions were always at the fore of his formulations. Williams' particular interest in the invasive capabilities of advertising provides a means of discussing the author's submission to the ABT's review of the trial of deregulated television advertising time standards. The ABT's omission of qualitative programming research from its monitoring allowed the extraordinarily destructive practice of ‘running time editing’ to go unnoticed.
Films, Policies, Audiences & Australia
Authors: Robinson Cathy
Published: July 2017

The following address was given by Cathy Robinson, Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Film Commission, to the Film Policy Conference held at the Institute for Cultural Policy Studies, Griffith University, 27–29 November 1991. It raises so many important Issues that MIA decided to abandon Its usual policy and run the address verbatim.
Increased risk of multiple sclerosis after late Epstein-Barr virus infection: a historical prospective study
Authors: Haahr S , Koch-Henriksen N , Møller-Larsen A , Eriksen LS , Andersen HMK
Published: July 2017

An association between infectious mononucleosis (IM) and MS has been proposed. In a historical prospective study we used records from the Danish State Serum Institute on heterophils antibody (HA) tests for IM performed in all Danish patients over a number of years. Included in the analysis were 6853 HA-positive persons analyzed from 1968 to 1978 (except 1975) and 12 886 HA-negative per sons analyzed in the years 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1978. A search for these persons in the central nationwide Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR) was performed. Among the HA-positive persons 16 cases of MS which met the diagnostic criteria were found with onset of MS after the year of the HA test and before follow-up on 1 January 1991. The expected number for a Danish population, matched by sex, age and year at start of observation, was 5.70 (P<0.05), the risk ratio being 2.81. No patient had developed MS before contracting IM. Among the HA-negative persons 12 were registered with onset of MS after the year of the HA test and before follow-up, the expected number being 10.47 (P > 0.05). Although Epstein-Barr virus is not suggested in itself to be the cause of MS, we propose that it is a co-factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.
B–lymphoblastoid cell lines from multiple sclerosis patients and a healthy control producing a putative new human retrovirus and Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Munch M , Møller-Larsen A , Christensen T , Morling N , Hansen H J , Haahr S
Published: July 2017

On several occasions we have observed retrovirus-like particles (RVLPs) by transmission electron microscopy (EM) of cultured T cells from a patient with MS. Later we established spontaneously formed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from a patient with an MS-like disease and from another patient with MS who had a reactivated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Both LCLs were found by EM to produce RVLP and EBV particles. Reverse transcriptase (RT) assays were positive in purified viral material from both LCLs. To substantiate these findings we initiated an intensified culturing procedure and were able to establish LCLs from 5 out of 21 consecutive MS patients and 1 out of 13 consecutive healthy controls. All LCLs were found to produce both RVLP and EBV particles by EM. Whether the putative new retrovirus(es) and EBV have any causal relationship to MS is still not known, but the findings support this possibility.
Is LM7 a new human retrovirus or a mycoplasma virion?
Authors: Froussard P
Published: July 2017

A putative retrovirus called LM7 was recently isolated from a patient with MS. This retrovirus was detected in LM7 and LM711 cultured human leptomeningeal cells. In the present work, nucleic adds from LM711 cell culture supernatants were purified and subjected to avian myeloblastosis viral (AMV) reverse transcriptase and to random polymerase chain reaction (rPCR) in order to characterize the genomic material of LM7 virions. Analysis of reverse transcription products allowed the detection of an approximately 14 kb ribonucleic acid in all LM711 cell culture supernatants. However, sequencing of rPCR-amplified molecules as well as RNA blotting data showed essentially that all tested cells producing LM7 particles were infected with mycoplasma. Moreover, purification of LM7 particles onto a linear sucrose density gradient established that the 14 kb nucleic acid was always associated with the 1.19–1.21 g ml-1 sucrose fractions, which are known to correspond to the buoyant density of mycoplasma. In addition, no viral genomic RNA was detected in the 1.17 g ml-1 sucrose fraction containing the low reverse transcription activity. These results strongly suggest that microscopic images and serological data could be related to mycoplasma and/or to a virion associated with the bacteria. The LM7 particle might be a new and additional enveloped virus able to infect Mycoplasma hyorhinis hosts. Thus, for instance, it would be presumptuous to assert, with our current understanding, that the LM7 virion is one of the causal agents of MS in humans.
Depression before and after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sullivan M JL , Weinshenker B , Mikail S , Edgley K
Published: July 2017

Depression was examined in 45 patients evaluated within 2 months of diagnosis of MS. At the time of testing, 40% of the MS sample met the diagnostic criteria for major depression, 22% had adjustment disorder with depressed mood and 37% showed no evidence of mood disorder. Personal and family history of depression in patients with MS was also examined and compared with a sample of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who were matched for age, gender, marital and employment status and current level of depression. Fifty-two per cent of patients whit MS reported experiencing a depressive episode before the onset of MS compared with 17% of patients with CLBP (P<0.001). Sixteen patients with MS (35%) reported family history (parent or sibling) of treatment for depression compared with seven (15%) of patients with CLBP (P<0.05). MS patients with a history of depression reported more initial symptoms than MS patients without a history of depression. Clinical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in non-human primates: diffusion imaging of acute and chronic brain lesions
Authors: Richards TL , Alvord EC , He Y , Petersen K , Peterson J , Cosgrove S , Heide AC , Marro K , Rose LM
Published: July 2017

Diffusion imaging and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were performed on 16 monkeys with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of the human demyelinating disease MS. The purpose of this study was to determine whether local changes in diffusion image intensity could be correlated with the formation of acute and chronic demyelinating lesions. Diffusion image analysis was restricted to the internal capsule of the brain because of its anatomic orientation offiber pathways. Acute inflammatory EAE lesions were large and monophasic, as visualized by T2-weighted MRI, and were accompanied by a decrease in the diffusion MR image signal with the diffusion-sensitizing gradient in ail three orthogonal directions (n=27 brain regions, P<0.005). Chronic demyelinating lesions were preceded by multiple inflammatory attacks, as visualized by MRI, and by a decrease in diffusion MR image signal with the diffusion-sensitizing gradient in the two orthogonal directions perpendicular to the fibers of the internal capsule (n=18 brain regions, P<0.005). However, for the chronic group, there was no significant change m the diffusion MR image signal with diffusion-sensitizing gradient parallel to the fibers of the internal capsule at the terminal scan, suggesting little change in the water diffusion within the nerve fibers. These results suggest that diffusion imaging holds promise for measuring subtle changes in water diffusion due to different types of brain damage.
A phase III trial of intramuscular recombinant interferon beta as treatment for exacerbating-remitting multiple sclerosis: design and conduct of study and baseline characteristics of patients
Authors: Jacobs LD , Cookfair DL , Rudick RA , Herndon RM , Richert J R , Salazar AM , Fischer JS , Goodkin DE , Granger CV , Simon JH , Emrich LJ , Bartoszak DM , Bourdette DN , Braiman J , Brownscheidle CM , Coats ME , Cohan SL , Dougherty DS , Kinkel RP , Mass MK , Munschauer FE , Priore RL , Pullicino PM , Scherokman BJ , Weinstock-Guttman B , Whitham RH
Published: July 2017

The design and conduct of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase III study of recombinant interferon beta-1a (IFN-β-1a) as treatment for exacerbating-remitting MS are described, as are baseline characteristics of the study population. The purpose of the study was to determine if 6.0 × 106 IU (30 μg) of IFN-β-1a, administered by weekly intramuscular (i.m.) injections, was effective in delaying the onset of sustained disability. The primary outcome measure was time to onset of treatment failure, defined as a worsening on the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of greater than or equal to 1.0 point compared with baseline, persisting for at least 6 months. An intent-to-treat design was used. The primary outcome measure was analyzed using the Mantel-Cox log-rank statistic and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Secondary outcomes included quantitative measures of upper and lower extremity function, neuropsychological test performance, functional and quality of life assessments and several measures derived from annual brain MRI studies. Entry criteria included prestudy exacerbation rates of at least 0.67 per year and EDSS scores of 1.0–3.5. A total of 301 MS patients were randomly assigned to receive weekly i.m. injections of IFN-β-1a or placebo. The average age of the study population at entry was 37 years; 92% were Caucasian and 73% were women. The mean prestudy disease duration was 6.5 years, mean prestudy exacerbation rate was 1.2 per year and the mean EDSS score was 2.3. The randomization yielded well-balanced treatment arms. Various aspects of the study are discussed, including: (1) the decision to focus study design on sustained disability; (2) the rationale for the treatment regimen; (3) measures taken to assure the reliability of the primary outcome measure; and (4) a description of the secondary outcome measures.
In vitro studies of glial cells: what can we learn about demyelinating diseases?
Authors: Lisak Robert P
Published: July 2017

Acquired demyelinating diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems comprise an important group of neurologic diseases of unknown etiology and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Cultures of glial cells are proving highly useful in investigating the role of both antibodies and cytokines in the pathogenesis of these disorders. While there clearly is need for comparative studies employing more complex systems and using patient derived tissues, glial cell cultures provide important advantages by allowing researchers to characterize the effect of cytokines and growth factors on specific cell types in controlled conditions.
MRI studies of multiple sclerosis: Implications for the natural history of the disease and for monitoring effectiveness of experimental therapies
Authors: McFarland HF , Stone LA , Calabresi PA , Maloni H , Bash CN , Frank JA
Published: July 2017

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased in our understanding of the natural history of the disease course and has provided and important tool for the analysis of new experimental therapies. Studies using MRI as well as pathological studies of MS indicate that the first event in the development of a new MS lesion as seen on T2 weighted images is disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBBD) which can be demonstrated by areas of increased signal on T1 weighted images done after the administration of gadolinium DTPA When GdDTPA enhanced MRIs are used to monitor disease activity in patients with mild relapsing remitting MS, a considerable degree of disease activity is observed in clinically stable patients. These findings indicate that MS is an active and progressive disease in most patients even during the earliest phases of the disease and before significant clinical disability has occurred. MRI is also an important tool in evaluating new therapies. Using simple baseline vs treatment designs evidence for an effect of a new treatment on MRI parameters such as Gd-DTPA enhanced measure of BBBD can be achieved using a small study cohort and over a short duration. Together these advances should lead to more rapid progress in the understanding of MS and in identifying new treatments.