bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A insegurança alimentar pela voz de adolescentes participantes do Programa Bolsa Família
Authors: Serenini Milena , Carvalho Vieira Kelly , Maciente Souza Camila , Poblacion Ana , De Aguiar Toloni Maysa Helena , De Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei José Augusto
Published: August 2023

O trabalho busca conhecer a percepção de adolescentes, participantes do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), sobre insegurança alimentar (IA). Trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa. O corpus consiste em entrevistas com dez adolescentes e seus responsáveis. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram estabelecidas quatro categorias de análise: “A fome não é só a vontade de comer”; “O fantasma da fome”; “Um por todos e todos por um”; “Estamos seguros?” De maneira geral, os adolescentes percebem que a quantidade e variedade de alimentos mudam durante o mês e que o acesso a alimentos como frutas e carne é difícil. A preocupação com a possibilidade de o alimento faltar está presente na fala de todos os adolescentes entrevistados e se intensifica entre aqueles que vivenciaram a experiência de fome na infância. Em função disso, os adolescentes desenvolvem estratégias para o alívio da IA, para si mesmos e para suas famílias. No entanto, as responsáveis pelos adolescentes não consideram que seus filhos realmente se preocupam com a possibilidade de faltar alimentos no domicílio. Observou-se que os adolescentes percebem a situação de insegurança alimentar no domicílio e são capazes de responder de forma autônoma sobre essa situação.
Price Volatility Analysis On Indonesian Palm Oil Commodities By Model Arch/Garch
Authors: Windirah Nola , Novanda Ridha Rizki
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Uncertainty in price movements will cause producers to find it difficult to make decisions at the time of production. One of the agricultural commodities in Indonesia that is currently the center of attention is oil palm. Agricultural Research and Development stated that Indonesian palm oil has developed into an important part of the world by occupying the first position as a producer of palm oil. The last five years have shown that palm oil price movements are quite volatile. The weakest conditions occurred in the middle of 2019 when the price of palm oil is at US$ 0.5/kg. Meanwhile, the strongest condition occurred in early 2014 at US$ 1/kg. Mistakes in making business decisions resulting from uncertain price movements will cause the potential of Indonesian palm oil in the world to decline. Through the ARCH/GARCH method, the description of price movements in Indonesian Palm Oil will be known, so that it will be easier for producers in preparing future business plans. The results showed that the ARCH (1) model was able to describe the volatility of CPO prices that occurred in Indonesia, where the forecast for CPO price volatility will be smaller in the following year. The results of this study indicate that CPO prices will be more stable and have a good impact on the CPO industry in Indonesia. These findings can be used as a basis for determining Indonesia's CPO production policy.
Keywords:       ARCH/GARCH, Plam Oil, Volatility
Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian Dalam Pelaksanaan Administrasi Penyuluhan Pertanian
Authors: Suprianto Andi , Lamane Siti Aisa , Rianto Suprayitno Adi
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja penyuluh pertanian kota palopo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama bulan Januari 2023 di seluruh Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Kota Palopo. Semua Penyuluh yang berjumlah 42 orang dan berstatus PNS menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan alisis deskriptif menggunakan aplikasi Smart Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menujukkan karakteristik prnyuluh umur dan lama tugas memiliki pengaruh positif dan lansung tapi tidak signifikan karekteristik penyuluh terhadap Kinerja penyuluh pertanian, tunjangan penyuluh dan administrasi penyuluhan memiliki pengaruh positif dan langsung tapi tidak signifikan Pengetahuan tentang administrasi penyuluhan terhadap kinerja penyuluh, fasilitas kantor dan fasilitas kegiatan lapangan memiliki pengaruh positif dan langsung tapi tidak signifikan Pengetahuan tentang administrasi penyuluhan terhadap kinerja penyuluh
Cost of Illness Pasien dengan Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) di RS UNS Periode Maret 2019 - Maret 2020
Authors: Kurniawansyah Maulana Ramadhan , Febrinasari Ratih Puspita , Hikmayani Nur Hafidha
Published: August 2023

Pendahuluan: Menurut WHO, penyakit kardiovaskular menjadi penyebab utama kematian dan pasien rawat inap mendadak. Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) terjadi ketika fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (LVEF) sejumlah 40% atau kurang. Obat untuk HFrEF memiliki manfaat klinis yang baik bagi pasien tetapi memiliki harga yang mahal, Perlu evaluasi ekonomi untuk mengulas hal ini dengan analisis Cost of Illness (COI). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui biaya pasien untuk terapi penyakit gagal jantung tipe HFrEF.
Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan studi cross sectional yang dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sebelas Maret pada November 2022. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 26 orang yang sesuai kriteria inklusi. Sampel diambil dengan purposive sampling. Variabel utama penelitian ini adalah komponen biaya terapi pasien gagal jantung tipe HFrEF dan variabel tambahan adalah: Riwayat hospitalisasi, Jenis kelamin, usia, Komorbid DM, Komorbid Hipertensi, Komorbid DM dan Hipertensi. Data diperoleh dari Sistem Informasi manajemen Rumah Sakit (SIMRS). Data kemudian dihitung menggunakan software SPSS lalu dianalisis menggunakan metode Mann Whitney untuk beda 2 kelompok dan Kruskal Wallis untuk uji beda lebih dari 2 kelompok.
Hasil: Biaya pengobatan HFrEF per bulan sebesar Rp. 1.380.026,00. Komponen biaya pengobatan HFrEF merupakan yang komponen biaya yang tertinggi. Hasil analisis riwayat hospitalisasi p 0,003, jenis kelamin diperoleh p 0,848, usia dan komorbid masing-masing memperoleh nilai p 0,01.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya langsung yang dikeluarkan pasien antara lain usia dan komorbid pasien. Sedangkan riwayat hospitalisasi dan jenis kelamin tidak mempengaruhi biaya langsung yang dikeluarkan dalam pengobatan pasien HFrEF.
The Effect of Snail Mucus (Achatina Fulica) on The Degree of Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis In Lupus Nephritis Mice Model
Authors: Nurudhin Arief , Adnan Zainal Arifin , Werdiningsih Yulyani , Prabowo Nurhasan Agung , Rabbani Fathina Nisa
Published: August 2023

Introduction:cytotoxic drugs dominate SLE therapy, so new therapies with minimum side effects are needed. Snail (Achatina Fulica) mucus contains two types of protein; heparan and acharan sulfate. The snail mucus has significant potential benefits, but its use in lupus nephritis has never been examined.

Methods:This research used an experimental model. It used mice for the experiment. The mice were divided into five groups: control, untreated lupus, standard therapy (methylprednisolone), snail mucus therapy, and a combination of standard therapy and snail mucus. Renal histology was examined at the end of the fifth month. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, and Tukey Post Hoc tests.

Results: The level of interstitial fibrosis between the standard therapy group and the snail mucus group showed an MD value of -0.13 with a p-value of 1.00, meaning there is no significant difference between the level of interstitial fibrosis in the two groups. The comparison between the standard therapy group and the combination of the standard therapy group showed an MD value of 0.64 with a p-value of 0.992, which means that the combination of standard therapy tends to decrease the level of interstitial fibrosis.  

Conclusion: The administration of snail mucus in combination with standard therapy affects the decrease in the level of interstitial fibrosis in mice model lupus.
Implementasi Nilai Toleransi dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA
Authors: Hadi Santosa Firdaus , Syafira Hana , Olivia Devi , Almaesaroh Siti
Published: August 2023

This article aims to reveal how the value of tolerance is implemented in learning history in high school. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The core informants in this study were history teachers and students at Dharma Karya Jakarta High School which was conducted from April to September 2021. Based on the results of the study it was found that the value of tolerance in history learning was carried out by incorporating tolerance values as a form of multicultural education, values-Multicultural values help students understand controversial material so that they can take positive lessons from a historical event. The conclusion of this study is that the value of tolerance should be applied in learning history, related to the importance of the value of tolerance in strengthening the value of

the unity of the multicultural Indonesian society.

 

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana nilai toleransi diimplemetasikan dalam pembelajaran sejarah di SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan inti dalam penelitian ini adalah guru mata pelajaran sejarah dan siswa di SMA Dharma Karya Jakarta yang dilakukan mulai bulan April-September 2021. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran sejarah dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan nilai-nilai toleransi sebagai wujud pendidikan multikultur, nilai-nilai multikultural membantu siswa dalam memahami materi kontroversial, sehingga dapat mengambil pembelajaran positif dari suatu peristiwa sejarah. Kesimpulannya dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai toleransi seharusnya diterapkan dalam pembelajaran sejarah, berkaitan dengan pentingnya nilai toleransi dalam memperkuat nilai persatuan masyarakat Indonesia yang multikultur.
Historiografi Hisab Rukyah
Authors: Rahman Fitra Tasnim , Rahmadi
Published: August 2023

The development of Hisab-Rukyah is not widely disclosed academically because Falak Science does not currently have its place in society. The development of Hisab Rukyah, of course, must be re-expressed to show that this science has had a special place in the midst of Islamic history. The development of reckoning rukyah at the time of the Prophet Muhammad was still at the level of worship and was still simple. At the time of the Companions, the development of reckoning rukyah was also not much different, but during the Caliph `Umar Ibn Khattab the Islamic calendar system was successfully formulated. During the tabi`in period, the development of reckoning and rukyah reached the peak of its progress during the reign of the Abbasids, especially the caliphate of al-Ma'mun. This is marked by the emergence of important figures and their works which later influenced the development of reckoning rukyah after that even to this day. In the Middle Ages, reckoning rukyah had experienced a setback due to the chaos of the Islamic world at that time, works in the field of astronomy were destroyed in an attack by the Mongols, but after that reckoning rukyah was able to rise again until modern times we are experiencing now.
Kutatási eredményekre épülő pedagógiai módszertan az olvasástanításban
Authors: Demeter Gáborné
Published: August 2023

Az olvasástanítás történeti és módszertani vonatkozásairól jelentős számú és magas szintű hazai és nemzetközi szakirodalom áll a szakemberek rendelkezésére. A pedagógiai gyakorlatban azonban az olvasáskutatási eredmények hasznosulása gyakran nem kézzelfogható, pedig a legkorszerűbb tudományos megállapítások figyelembevételének és gyakorlati alkalmazásának meg kellene előznie az olvasási problémák kialakulásának kezelését. A tanulmány egyik célja az olvasáskutatási eredmények gyakorlati célú összegzése és a legfontosabb szakmai tanulságok folyamatba rendezése, amely kiindulópontja lehet egy átfogó és preventív olvasásfejlesztési koncepciónak az óvodai előkészítéstől a szövegértés kialakításáig. A tanulmány másik célja, hogy áttekinthető módon bevezesse a gyakorló pedagógusokat az olvasáskutatás eredményeinek az értelmezésébe. Ennek érdekében az olvasáskutatás tudományos eredményeinek rendszerezése elsősorban a pedagógiai gyakorlatban való felhasználhatóság szempontját követi, összegző javaslatai pedig elsősorban a pedagógusok és a szakmai közönség számára hasznosíthatók.
Jánk István – H. Tomesz Tímea – Domonkosi Ágnes (szerk.): A digitális oktatásról oktatásnyelvészeti szemszögből (Tóth Anna)
Authors: Tóth Anna
Published: August 2023

-
Enabling Hydrogen Production from Shale Oil Reservoirs: An Experimental Study Using Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Heating
Authors: Yan K. , An B. , Yuan Q.
Published: August 2023

Transforming hydrocarbon resources to a clean, low-cost hydrogen (H2) supplier is a promising, albeit technically difficult, pathway towards decarbonizing fossil fuels by petroleum industry. A novel approach recently proposed is the microwave/electromagnetic-assisted catalytic heating technology for in-situ hydrogen generation and extraction directly from petroleum reservoirs. Here we further evaluate the potential of shale oil for H2 generation in the presence of shale rocks under microwave irradiation. A series of lab-scale experiments are conducted for shale oil conversion to hydrogen in Mancos shale rock samples without artificial catalysts. The real-time variations of measured temperature of rock samples, gas flow rate, and concentration of hydrogen and other generated gases are monitored. We find that the pure shale rocks can be heated up to over 600 °C without any promoter at an input power of 1.5 kW during microwave heating. A sudden increase of measured temperature of the Mancos shale is monitored at a temperature below 300 °C during microwave irradiation, referred to as "temperature soaring" (TS) phenomenon. Once TS phenomenon happens, the shale rock can be easily heated at a much lower microwave power. Furthermore, minerals in shale rocks have a significant natural catalytic effect on shale oil conversion to H2. A concentration of 1% hydrogen starts to be monitored in generated gases from shale oil at a measured temperature of 253-421 °C in the presence of Mancos rocks, much lower than the sample with 100% quartz at 523 °C. The highest H2 production rate and H2 concentration are 178 sccm and 77 mol.% from the conversion of 0.4 g shale oil, respectively. Additionally, long-range well-ordered carbon is commonly found in the shale rocks after microwave heating experiments.
Challenges for Repurposing Oil and Gas Wells for Geothermal Applications
Authors: Santos L. , Taleghani A. Dahi
Published: August 2023

This work provides insights into the technical and economic viability of repurposing oil and gas wells for geothermal energy production for direct heating. The potential benefits, especially for areas that are highly dependent on fossil fuels for heating, and challenges of this approach are assessed while technical, market, and policy barriers for future developments are identified. Repurposing oil and gas wells to geothermal energy requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves expertise in geology, engineering, and regulatory affairs. A thorough analysis of data on the physical, technical, economic, and environmental aspects of repurposing oil and gas wells for geothermal energy is conducted, including well logs, geologic maps, temperature and flow rate measurements, cost estimates, and environmental impact assessments. In addition, a numerical simulation is run to evaluate efficiency and power output from open-loop and closed-loop geothermal systems. The data analysis combined with numerical simulation will help determine the feasibility and potential benefits of this approach. Compared to geothermal reservoirs, the low temperature of oil and gas reservoirs often limits their potential for power generation development. However, the results demonstrate that with careful consideration of site selection, engineering, and environmental factors, repurposing oil and gas wells for geothermal community heating can be a cost-effective way to utilize existing infrastructure for renewable energy development. Even considering workover costs to ensure wellbore integrity, the approach is less costly than drilling and completing new wells. Other measures to improve efficiency include the use of high thermal conductivity materials and proper reservoir management to ensure heat is being extracted sustainably. While open-loop geothermal system resulted in higher temperatures, closed-loop avoids uncertainties in the rock properties and can be easily implemented. Factors such as the depth and location of the well, the geology of the surrounding area, and the available technology and infrastructure all play a role in determining the actual heat output from a repurposed geothermal well from oil and gas. Repurposing oil and gas wells to geothermal energy for community heating represents an innovative and sustainable approach to energy generation that makes use of existing resources and infrastructure in a new and beneficial way.
RETRACTED: Effect of Morphologic Changes in the Posterior Glenoid Rim on Rotator Cuff Impingement in Baseball Players
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Mutsuzaki Hirotaka , Iwamoto Koji , Monma Masahiko , Mizukami Masafumi
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A novel scaffold of icariin/porous magnesium alloy repaired knee cartilage defect in rat by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Mengwei , Jia Gaozhi , Weng Jian , Zhu Yuanchao , Lin Jianjin , Yang Qi , Fang Chongzhou , Zeng Hui , Yuan Guangyin , Yang Jun , Yu Fei
Published: August 2023

Cartilage defects caused by joint diseases are difficult to treat clinically. Tissue engineering materials provide a new means to promote the repair of cartilage defects. The purpose of this study is to design a novel scaffold of porous magnesium alloy loaded with icariin and sustained release, in order to explore the effect and possible mechanism of this scaffold in repairing SD rat knee articular cartilage defect. We constructed a novel type of icariin/porous magnesium alloy scaffold, observed the structure of the scaffold by electron microscope, detected the drug release of icariin in the scaffold and the biological safety, and established an animal model of cartilage defect in the femoral intercondylar fossa of the knee joint in rats, the scaffold was placed in the defect. After 12 weeks of repair, the rat knee articular cartilage repair was evaluated by gross specimens and micro-CT,and HE, Safranin O-fast green, and toluidine blue staining combined with modified Mankin's score. The protein expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related factors (β-catenin, Wnt5a, Wnt1, sFRP1) and chondrogenic differentiation-related factors (Sox9, Aggrecan, Col2α1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. We found that the novel scaffold of icariin/porous magnesium alloy can release icariin slowly and has biosafety in rats. Compared with other groups, icariin/porous magnesium alloy can significantly promote the repair of cartilage defects and the expressions of β-catenin, Wnt5a, Wnt1, Sox9, Aggrecan, and Col2α1 (P<0.05). This novel scaffold can promote the repair of rat knee cartilage defects, and this process may be achieved by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Fabrication and testing of crop waste Ceiba Pentandra Shell Powder reinforced biodegradable composite films
Authors: M Kaliraj , P Narayanasamy , B Balavairavan , P Balasundar
Published: August 2023

Ceiba Pentandra Shell Powder (CPSP) bio waste is chosen as a bio filler combined with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as a matrix to make biofilms to increase the exploitation of bio waste materials and reduce the use of plastic materials. The fabricated biofilms endured the structural, thermal, microstructural, mechanical, UV barrier, opacity, water absorption, and soil burial properties. FTIR plots indicated no significant chemical reaction or formation of new functional groups during an interaction between PVA and CPSP. XRD diffractograms represented the crystallinity index (35.3, 38.6, 42.3, 46.4 and 48.5%) and crystalline size (18.14, 20.89, 23.23, 24.87and 26.34 nm) of biofilms increased with CPSP loading (5–25 wt. %). The PVA/CPSP films are thermally stable up to 322 ℃. The peak highs of AFM images showed that the films surface roughness gradually increased from 94.75 nm (5 wt. % CPSP) to 320.17 nm (25 wt. % CPSP). The FESEM micrographs clarify the homogenous distribution of CPSP materials in the PVA matrix. Tensile strength and tensile modulus are noticeably increased by 26.32% and 37.92%, respectively, due to the loading of CPSP from 5 wt. % to 20 wt. % in the PVA matrix. The PVA/CPSP films outperform than pure PVA films in UV shielding (350–450 nm). The 59% of weight loss of films was estimated during 60 days of burial time. Overall, PVA/ CPSP (5–25 wt. %) films are biodegradable and have promising applications as good packaging material.
iTRAQ-based proteomic study discovered LAMP2 related to HIV-1 latency
Authors: Yin Lin , Wang Qimin , Liu Siyuan , Chen Jun , Zhang Yujiao , Lu Lingqing , Lu Hongzhou , Song Zhigang , Zhang Lijun
Published: August 2023

To identify potential biomarkers related to HIV latency on the cell surface, a subcellular proteomic study was performed using an HIV-1 latency cell line (U1 (HIV-1-integrated U937 cell line)) and a control (U937). Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using bioinformatics, followed by western blotting and multiple reaction monitoring of cell lines and/or resting CD4 + T cells from patients. The relationship between a differentially expressed protein (lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2) and HIV-1 reactivation (by panobinostat) or a lysosomotropic agent (hydroxychloroquine) was studied. Totally, 110 differentially expressed proteins were identified in U1 cells compared with U937 cells. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the immune response and phagosomes were associated with the altered proteins. LAMP2, leukocyte surface antigen CD47, CD55 and ITGA6 were downregulated in HIV-1 latent cells. LAMP2 was downregulated in enriched resting CD4 + T cells from patients infected with HIV. LAMP2 can be upregulated after HIV-1 reactivation and hydroxychloroquine stimulation. Our results indicated that the endosomal/lysosomal pathway was involved in HIV latency in macrophage cell lines. LAMP2 down-modulation was associated with HIV latency, and the re-expression of LAMP2 accompanied the viral latency/productive infection transition. This study offers new clues for understanding the mechanism of HIV-1 latency and the eradication of HIV reservoirs.
Assessment of the Optimal Generation Period and Size of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiac Organoids for Cardiotoxicity Drug Testing
Authors: Lee Sang Woo , Song MyeongJin , Woo Dong-Hun , Jeong Gi Seok
Published: August 2023

Background
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids (hiPSC-COs) have emerged as valuable tools for cardiotoxicity drug screening, given their ability to recapitulate in vivo cardiac tissue functions and facilitate rapid assessment of drug stability to prevent toxicity. However, the lack of established criteria for the differentiation period and size during the generation of functional hiPSC-COs can introduce low accuracy in drug screening responses results. Hence, it is crucial to establish appropriate criteria for the generation period and size of hiPSC-COs to ensure reliable cardiotoxicity drug screening.
Methods
In this study, we generated different-sized hiPSC-COs in two types of microwell arrays through a one-stop generation method. The two-sized hiPSC-COs were continuously monitored until a stable cardiac beating rate was confirmed during the differentiation period. We evaluated and compared the functionality such as calcium transients at the selected differentiation day that showed a stable beating rate with a specific focus on determining the minimal differentiation period required for generating functional hiPSC-COs. A physiological test was conducted to verify the reactivity to the drug in hiPSC-COs according to the differentiation period and size. Subsequently, we conducted a cardiotoxicity drug screening test using compounds known to induce in vivo heart failure. Finally, characterization was analyzed by immunostaining assay to compare and confirm the phenotype of the two-sized hiPSC-COs at the selected differentiation period.
Results
During the differentiation period to generate hiPSC-COs, we identified the time point at which the smaller organoids among the two sizes of hiPSC-COs began to show a stable beating rate, which was an optimal period to lead to meaningful response results to cardiotoxicity drugs. Moreover, large organoids confirmed that cardiac properties disappeared as the differentiation period progressed, suggesting insight into the size limitation on the generation of hiPSC-COs for cardiotoxicity testing. Furthermore, an additional analysis method was proposed for subtle reactions that are difficult to confirm solely using the beating rate analysis in drug response testing.
Conclusion
We expect that these findings may contribute to the field of drug development by ensuring significant drug response results and enhancing the reliability of cardiotoxicity testing using hiPSC-COs.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyles and Serum Indicators in the Working Population
Authors: Lin Binwu , Huang Weilan
Published: August 2023

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in China in late December 2019 compelled China to enact sanitary regulations and social segregation policies. Approximately 1.4 billion Chinese people experienced lockdowns, had to work remotely and homeschool their children, and had difficulties adjusting to stressful events and quarantine. Due to the lack of information on the effects of lockdown on health status, this study examined how changes in dietary practices, physical activity, and serum markers were affected by COVID-19 lockdowns in the working population.
Methods
An observational retrospective study was conducted, and office workers who underwent two routine physical examinations prior to and following the initial lockdown were included. The sample was classified into four categories based on sex and body mass index (BMI). Medical examination reports provided data on height, weight, and serum biochemical indices. The health risk assessment questionnaire collected demographic and lifestyle information, including physical activity, smoking and drinking.
Results
A total of 533 respondents aged 22 to 60 participated in this study. After the lockdown, BMI increased in all normal BMI groups (all p < 0.0001). Increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and serum glucose levels were found in the normal BMI groups (all p < 0.05). We also detected a significant drop in serum uric acid (UA) levels in all BMI groups (all p < 0.05). PA decreased significantly during lockdown in the normal BMI subgroups (z=-4.453, p < 0.001) but remained the same in the high BMI subgroups (z=-1.07, p = 0.285). The results showed that smoking and drinking decreased during quarantine (smoking, z=-4.796, p < 0.00001 in normal BMI groups, z=-2.163, p < 0.00001 in high BMI groups; drinking, z=-5.667, p < 0.00001 in normal BMI groups, z=-2.668, p < 0.00001 in high BMI groups).
Conclusion
This study showed that lockdowns had a significant impact on office workers’ lifestyles and serum markers, especially in normal BMI groups. Additional research is needed to comprehend how individual workers’ health-related behaviors—such as nutrition and other serum markers—changed over time during lockdown.
Stability analysis of vegetated slopes under steady transpiration state considering tensile strength cut-off
Authors: Cheng Ping , Wu Lizhou , Zhang Hong , Zhou Jianting
Published: August 2023

Vegetation is natural and eco-friendly material for slope reinforcement. To simple and effective analysis of vegetated slopes, this study proposes a novel approach considering the tensile strength cut-off criterion (C-F criterion) of unsaturated root-soil composites. The proposed method incorporates the hydrological and mechanical effects of vegetation roots. A 1D stability model is developed to compute the safety factors of vegetated slopes under steady transpiration state. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of shrub root depth, slope angle, rainfall intensity, transpiration rate, and tensile strength on pore-water pressure (uw) and slope safety factors (Fs), which are computed using both the C-F criterion and the Fredlund strength criterion. The results demonstrate that Fs and uw decreases with increasing slope angle and rainfall intensity. Slope angle and rainfall intensity of vegetated slopes has an adverse effects on the slope stability. Moreover, Fs increases with increasing tensile strength. Furthermore, the transpiration rate and root depth increases, Fs and uw increases. Root depth, tensile strength, and transpiration rate are favorable for slope stability, while slope angle and rainfall are unfavorable. Shallow slopes are more sensitive to rainfall than deep slopes. In the soil layer with roots, Fs for unsaturated vegetation slopes with tensile strength cut-off are reduced compared to those based on the Fredlund strength equation. The C-F criterion is best suited for evaluating the shallow slope stability. Overall, the proposed method offers a simple and practical approach to assess the vegetated slopes stability.
Autistic traits in myotonic dystrophy type 1 due to MBNL inhibition and RNA mis-splicing
Authors: Sznajder Lukasz , Khan Mahreen , Tadross Mariam , Ciesiołka Adam , Nutter Curtis , Taylor Katarzyna , Pearson Christopher , Sobczak Krzysztof , Lewis Mark , Swanson Maurice , Yuen Ryan
Published: August 2023

Tandem repeat expansions are enriched in autism spectrum disorder, including CTG expansion in the DMPK gene that underlines myotonic muscular dystrophy type 1. Although the clinical connection of autism to myotonic dystrophy is corroborated, the molecular links remained unknown. Here, we show a mechanistic path of autism via repeat expansion in myotonic dystrophy. We found that inhibition of muscleblind-like (MBNL) splicing factors by expanded CUG RNAs alerts the splicing of autism-risk genes during brain development especially a class of autism-relevant microexons. To provide in vivo evidence that the CTG expansion and MBNL inhibition axis leads to the presentation of autistic traits, we demonstrate that CTG expansion and MBNL-null mouse models recapitulate autism-relevant mis-splicing profiles and demonstrate social deficits. Our findings indicate that DMPK CTG expansion-associated autism arises from developmental mis-splicing. Understanding this pathomechanistic connection provides an opportunity for greater in-depth investigations of mechanistic threads in autism.
Tomato Maturity Recognition with Convolutional Transformers
Authors: Khan Asim , Hassan Taimur , Shafay Muhammad , Fahmy Israa , Werghi Naoufel , Mudigansalage Seneviratne , Hussain Irfan
Published: August 2023

Tomatoes are a major crop worldwide, and accurately classifying their maturity is essential for many agricultural applications, such as harvesting, grading, and quality control. In this paper, the authors propose a novel method for tomato maturity classification using a convolutional transformer. Additionally, this study introduces a new tomato dataset named KUTomaData, explicitly designed to train deep-learning models for tomato segmentation and classification. KUTomaData is a compilation of images sourced from a greenhouse in the UAE, with approximately 1939 images available for training and testing. The dataset is prepared under various lighting conditions, viewing perspectives and employs different mobile camera sensors, thus distinguishing it from existing datasets.The contributions of this paper are threefold:Firstly, the authors propose a novel method for tomato maturity classification using a modular convolutional transformer. Secondly, the authors introduce a new tomato image dataset that contains images of tomatoes at different maturity levels. Lastly, the authors show that the convolutional transformer outperforms state-of-the-art methods for tomato maturity classification.The effectiveness of the proposed framework in handling cluttered and occluded tomato instances was evaluated using two additional public datasets, Laboro Tomato and Rob2Pheno Annotated Tomato, as benchmarks. The evaluation results across these three datasets demonstrate the exceptional performance of our proposed framework, surpassing the state-of-the-art by 58.14%, 65.42%, and 66.39% in terms of mean average precision scores for KUTomaData, Laboro Tomato, and Rob2Pheno Annotated Tomato, respectively.This work can improve tomato harvesting, grading, and quality control efficiency and accuracy.
Taking problematic arbitrary measures: a grounded theory of the process of inefficient prehospital self-management of myocardial infarction
Authors: Maghaminejad Farzaneh , Varaei Shokoh , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular emergency that needs immediate diagnosis and treatment. Ineffective self-management of MI may lead to adverse consequences and complications. This study was conducted to explore the process of ineffective prehospital self-management of MI.
Methods
This study was conducted using the grounded theory design. Sixteen patients with MI and six family members were purposefully and theoretically selected from a leading hospital in Kashan, Iran. Data were collected using unstructured and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through the constant comparison method proposed by Corbin and Strauss (2015). The length of the interviews was 40–60 minutes and data collection was kept on to reach data saturation.
Findings:
The onset of MI symptoms had encountered patients with unfamiliar conditions which required them to use different self-management strategies, namely fighting between awareness and preference, taking problematic arbitrary measures, and consulting lay people. These ineffective strategies together with contextual factors had aggravated their conditions. Contextual factors were loneliness at the time of MI, affliction by underlying diseases, occurrence of symptoms at inappropriate time, and referring to non-specialty centers. The outcomes of this process were symptom aggravation and close encounter with death.
Conclusion
Unfamiliarity with MI and its management makes MI management very difficult for patients and family members. Therefore, MI-specific educations are needed to improve patients’ self-management abilities.
Cervical Fibroids: the vaginal intracapsular myomectomy with classification by the fibroids' origin, growth directions and localizations
Authors: Tinelli Andrea , Mynbaev Ospan , Panese Gaetano , Licchelli Martina , Cao Wenming , Malvasi Antonio , Kosmas Ioannis , Stark Michael
Published: August 2023

This retrospective cohort observational study involved 15 patients who underwent cervical intracapsular myomectomy (CIM). The study aimed to assess the localization sites and sizes of cervical fibroids (CFs) and their impact on the feasibility of performing CIM using the vaginal approach. CFs originated from extra cervical-anterior-posterior localizations (EAPL) in six cases, extra-intracervical lateral locations (EILL) in five women, and combined cervical fibroids locations (CCFL) in two different sites in four patients. The most frequent cases were single CFs of EAPL or EILL, compared to CCFL. The localization or size of CFs did not substantially influence the safety and efficacy of the CIM technique, whether they occurred singly or in combination. The broader context of the findings of this study was estimated by comparative analysis of them with the outcomes of 1181 patients with CFs from the English and Chinese literature. The study identified the main issues of this problem that warrant attention, such as the original CIM technique performed through a direct vaginal approach and classifying CFs as growing and mature with comprehensive descriptions of their miscellaneous clinical manifestations depending on size, growth directions, localization sites, and depth of lesions. These findings may have implications for managing patients with CFs.
Rupture risk of small intracranial aneurysm: comparison between small ruptured intracranial aneurysm and large unruptured intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Zeng Lu , Zhu Xiao-ling , Liu Lan-lan , Wen Li , Wang Guang-xian
Published: August 2023

Background
Size is one of the risk factors of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) rupture, but not a reliable marker of rupture risk. Two groups of IAs, ruptured IAs (RIAs) smaller than 5 mm and unruptured IAs (UIAs) larger than 10 mm, were compared to investigate the clinical and morphological characteristics associated with the risk factors for the rupture of small IAs.
Methods
The clinical data of 189 consecutive patients with 193 IAs were reviewed. The patients and IAs were divided into ruptured (smaller than 5 mm) and unruptured groups (larger than 10 mm). The characteristics of the patients and the IAs were compared between the two groups, and the rupture risk factors for small IAs were assessed using multiple logistic regression.
Results
Patient age (odds ratio [OR], 0.955), IA located at the internal carotid artery (OR, 0.202), irregular shape (OR, 0.083) and parent vessel diameter (OR, 0.426) were negatively correlated with a risk of small IA rupture. IAs located at bifurcations (OR, 6.766) were positively correlated with a risk of small IA rupture.
Conclusions
In addition to IA size, other factors, such as patient age, IA location, shape and parent vessel diameter, can influence the risk of small IA rupture.
WITHDRAWN: A Transformer based approach using LSTM and Paraphrase reference to Translate English Text into Hindi
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Joshi Nisheeth
Published: August 2023

As many translation systems and applications, such as textual translation, speech systems, etc. use this approach very well with some constraints of grammatical accuracy and completeness, Machine translation is very old concept and work as an intermediary to perform cross-language communication in this age of the internet. Next, using SMT, these statements are translated into the target language without altering their original meaning Statistical Machine translation (SMT). In this paper, an English to Hindi Machine Translation system model was developed by employing the paraphrasing idea under the NMT tree (Neural Machine Translation). The metric scores produced by paraphrasing are closely like human utterances. In the proposed work, we develop a model that uses paraphrased references to convert plain English text into Hindi text. We will evaluate the translation's quality based on its sufficiency, fluency, and correspondence with human-predicted translation to determine how well this system replaces human expressions.
Representing unsegmented vessels using available vascular data for bioheat transfer simulation
Authors: Amare Rohan , Bahadori Amir , Eckels Steven
Published: August 2023

A primary challenge with any voxel domain generated from imaging data is limited voxel resolution. Due to the dimensional scale of blood vessels, not all vessels are captured and the loss of segmentable vascular data results in discontinuous blood vessels. The pre-capillary vessels, like arterioles, provide the highest resistance to blood flow. Due to the resolution limitations, these pre-capillary vessels are modeled with the tissue as a porous domain. This results in a loss of information that could have been modeled if the pre-capillary vessels were segmented and thus distinct from capillary bed. These vessels can only be modeled if a very high image resolution is used, increasing the imaging and computational simulation cost. Instead, a mathematical representation of the pressure drop induced in these unsegmented blood vessels is used. This paper provides equations to predict the flow resistance of unsegmented vasculature with reference to flow resistance of available segmented vascular data. These equations provide deeper insight into vascular resistances. The effect of using equations of flow resistance on bioheat transfer is analyzed by simulating a 3D vascular domain of 32 terminal vessels and five generations of bifurcation. Each generation is successively removed and substituted with the new flow resistance equations to analyze the error in heat transfer due to a lack of segmentation data. Two methods are proposed and demonstrated to show considerable error reduction in bioheat transfer.
Selection of social comparison standards in cardiac patients with and without experienced defibrillator shock
Authors: Willy Kevin , Meyer Thomas , Eckardt Lars , Morina Nexhmedin
Published: August 2023

Patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) often report psychological distress. However, both physical disease severity and psychological adjustment are variable. The role of social comparison in illness coping has not been studied in these patients yet. We theorize that relative to patients without experienced shock (ICD-), those with experienced ICD shocks (ICD+) display higher levels of psychological distress and thereby compare more frequently with fellow patients with more severe disease, but better disease coping and identify more strongly with these comparison standards. We recruited 92 patients with (ICD+, n = 38) and without an experienced ICD shock (ICD-, n = 54), who selected one of four comparison standards varying in disease severity and coping capacity. Relative to ICD-, ICD + patients reported higher levels of device-related distress, but there were no significant differences in anxiety, depression, or quality of life. ICD + patients selected more often comparison standards with poor coping. Irrespective of standard choice, ICD + patients displayed more negative mood following comparison. Our results support the view that ICD patients suffer from elevated levels of psychological distress, whereby ICD + patients tend to compare unfavorably to fellow patients. Altogether, the findings warrant further research into social comparison as a relevant coping mechanism in ICD patients.
“Topological Stress” concept for quantizing chemical graph similarity scores
Authors: Ramraj T. , Jaffer Syed
Published: August 2023

Graph Invariants can be used to infer molecular structural properties of graphs. In this work, a new distance metric between vertices of a graph is proposed to find the structural similarity between graphs. For this, a new distance matrix (known as IE matrix) is constructed based on the inverse Euclidean distance between graph vertices. This new representation directly depicts the skeletal structure of the vertices in the n-dimensional space. In this space, minimal distance between vertices implies high topological proximity between them. Based on IE matrix, a unique signature is generated for every graph which is used to find similarity between graphs. A new concept – “Topological Stress” is introduced that reveals the topological variation of a vertex with other vertices. Using this stress concept, similar topological stressed vertices between different graphs are identified and further explains the methylalkane interconversion reactions with the help of signature and dominant Eigen value. The entirety of the matrix is represented as a singularity which may serve as a unique molecular index (IEGPr) for chemical graphs. Similarity between graphs are calculated based on their corresponding IEGPr values. The resultant quantified similarity score lies between 0 and 1, referring value 1 for exact isomorphic. From the computational study, it is observed that IEGPr value is generally very low implying a low-value nomenclature of chemical graphs. Empirical study shows that the computational time required for the similarity identification procedure is scalable. From this it can be inferred that by improvising / reframing this measure a few application oriented Graph Matching problems can be tackled in polynomial time / near polynomial time.
The effect of training on the contribution of energy systems during 15-second sprint exercise in athletes of different sport specializations
Authors: Archacki Damian , Zieliński Jacek , Pospieszna Barbara , Włodarczyk Michał , Kusy Krzysztof
Published: August 2023

Background
Although physiological adaptations vary by sport, most athletes use short-term maximal exercise. We examined the effect of long-term and ongoing training adaptation on the contribution of energy systems during sprint exercise depending on sports specialization.
Method
Endurance-trained (n = 17, aged 20.3 ± 6.0 y), speed-power (n = 14, aged 20.3 ± 2.5 y), and mixed (soccer, n = 19, aged 23.4 ± 4.8 y) athletes participated in the study. They performed a 15-second Wingate test before and after a 14-week training phase. The contribution of phosphagen, glycolytic, and aerobic systems was calculated using the three-component PCr-LA-O2 method. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for analysis.
Results
The proportions of the phosphagen : glycolytic : aerobic energy systems before vs. after the 14-week training period were as follows: 51.8 ± 8.1% : 38.7 ± 6.7% : 9.5 ± 3.2% vs. 46.4 ± 12.8% : 41.1 ± 11.4% : 11.8 ± 5.3% in endurance, 33.9 ± 14.5% : 53.7 ± 13.9% : 11.5 ± 4.1% vs. 34.8 ± 17.2% : 56.9 ± 16.5% : 8.3 ± 2.7% in mixed, and 42.3 ± 12.3% : 49.6 ± 12.1% : 6.9 ± 2.2% vs. 44.7 ± 10.1% : 48.5 ± 9.7% : 6.9 ± 2.2% in speed-power athletes, respectively. The contribution of individual energy systems differed significantly within all groups (p = 0.001‒0.008). Endurance and mixed groups differed in the contribution of the phosphagen (p < 0.001) and glycolytic systems (p = 0.006). Endurance and speed-power groups differed in the contribution of the aerobic system (p = 0.003). There were no substantial shifts in energy systems contribution after the training period, except for decreasing aerobic system contribution in mixed athletes (p = 0.048).
Conclusion
Energy systems contribution during sprint exercise is determined by long-term specific adaptations. Ongoing training loads do not induce significant changes in the proportions of energy systems.
Characterizing seed dormancy in Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.: Development of novel chill models and determination of dormancy release mechanisms by transcriptomics
Authors: Li Pengshu , Xiang Qiuyan , Dong Xuehui , Wang Yue
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. is a perennial persistent C3 plant of the genus Epimedium Linn. in the family Berberaceae that exhibits severe physiological and morphological seed dormancy. We placed mature E.brevicornu seeds under nine stratification treatment conditions and explored the mechanisms of influence by combining seed embryo growth status assessment with related metabolic pathways and gene co-expression analysis.
Results: We identified 3.9 °C as the optimum cold-stratification temperature of E.brevicornu seeds via a chilling unit (CU) model. The best treatment was variable-temperature stratification (10/20 °C, 12/12 h) for 120 d followed by low-temperature stratification (4 °C) for 90 d. A total of 63801 differentially expressed genes were annotated to 2587 transcription factors (TFs) in 17 clusters in two comparisons. Genes specifically highly expressed in the dormancy release treatment group were significantly enriched in embryo development ending in seed dormancy and fatty acid degradation, indicating the importance of these two processes. Coexpression analysis implied that the TF GRF had the most reciprocal relationships with genes, and multiple interactions centered on zf-HD and YABBY as well as on MYB, GRF, and TCP were observed.
Conclusion: In this study, analyses of plant hormone signal pathways and fatty acid degradation pathways revealed changes in key genes during the dor- mancy release of E.brevicornu seeds, providing evidence for the filtering of E.brevicornu seed dormancy-related genes.