bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace Negative Gossip Atmosphere and Employees’ Cyberloafing Behaviors: Effects and Mechanisms
Authors: Qian Xiaoye , Li Wanqiu , Zhao Yinglan , Wang Yujie
Published: August 2023

Most previous studies of workplace gossip pay attention to its impacts on the target of gossip, but few focus on how audience of gossip in the workplace may be influenced when workplace gossip happens. This study adopts audience-centric perspective to understand workplace negative gossip, proposes the construct of “workplace negative gossip atmosphere” (WNGA), and studies how employees’ perception of WNGA influence their behaviors (cyberloafing). Based on the theory of social information processing and ego depletion theory, this study proposes a dual path model under the “cognitive-emotional” framework. The data analysis software STATA 15.1 is used to analyse 243 employee data collected at 3 time points, and hierarchical regression analyses are conducted to to examine the model. Results show that: 1) WNGA positively influences employees’ cyberloafing behaviors; 2) Employees’ cognitive trust and emotional exhaustion play mediating roles between WNGA and cyberloafing behaviors, respectively. 3) Task interdependence is a moderator that changes both the relationship between WNGA and cognitive trust, and the relationship between WNGA and emotional exhaustion. This study broadens the research thinking in the field of workplace negative gossip and cyberloafing, and also offers some management suggestions for organizations.
Influence Mechanism of Knowledge Network on Regional Innovation Capability Based on Hydrogen Energy Industry
Authors: Zhao Luying , Ferdous Sharoyer Hossen , Yin Zhisong , Yang Xue
Published: August 2023

As an important factor of innovation, knowledge plays a vital role in promoting the growth of innovation ability. In recent years, many scholars have explored the influence of knowledge network structure on innovation. The hydrogen energy industry is highly technical and covers a wide range, which is in urgent need of regional cooperation and easy to form a knowledge network. The function of the knowledge network depends on inter-organizational communication, so traffic development may be a boundary condition. This paper takes the hydrogen energy industry as an example to study the influence mechanism of the knowledge network on regional innovation ability and explore the moderate effect of high-speed rail opening. This paper takes hydrogen patents as samples, uses backward citation data to construct the knowledge network, and conducts regression tests. The results show that the density of the knowledge network has a negative effect on regional innovation ability, while the structural hole and centrality have a positive effect. The opening of high-speed rail will strengthen the influence of density and structural holes, and weaken the influence of centrality. Finally, it is proposed that the development of the hydrogen energy industry should reduce the dependence on the network, and the government should prevent the loss of large enterprises.
Investigating How the Content Semantic Features Influence the Social Media Rumor Refutation Effectiveness
Authors: Li Zhixuan , Li Zongmin , Hajiyev Asaf
Published: August 2023

Due to the widespread use of internet and social media, rumors can quickly spread to every corner of the world. Therefore, it’s important to repute rumors precisely. In order to investigate how content semantic features affect the effectiveness of rumor reputation, this paper crawls 55847 reposts and 77080 comments data of 251 rumor reputation microblogs for empirical analysis. Reputation effectiveness index (REI) is chosen as the response variable. Independent variables are defined from two aspects, that is content factors and semantic factors. This paper also set creator factors as control variables to exclude infection by other variables. Our research proved that some independent variables (the number of “!”, the presence of an obvious title and hot topics) have a significantly positive relationship with REI. Moreover, under different topics, hot topics have different enhancing effects on REI. Finally, some suggestions about rumor management are proposed.
Evacuation Path of Patients with Infectious Disease based on Three Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Xinli , Wang Yu , Du Renjie , Guo Yuan , Al Mamun Abdullah
Published: August 2023

With the global spread and deterioration of the coronavirus and monkeypox viruses, how to prevent the spread of infectious viruses in large public enclosed spaces has become a focus of public attention. This paper examined the distinctions between the evacuation of patients with infectious diseases and the evacuation of people in general disaster situations, using the outpatient center of a large hospital in China as the background. The three aspects of a new systematic method that is outlined in-depth step by step for solving this special patient evacuation problem are building the architectural space grid model, determining the objective function, and obtaining and comparing the optimization method. The shortest path is determined as the objective function, and three algorithms, namely the improved genetic algorithm, the traditional ant colony algorithm, and the Dijkstra algorithm, are used to optimize the path. While considering the number of people affected in the evacuation process, and together with the software running time as performance indexes, the results obtained from the three algorithms are evaluated, which shows that the patient evacuation path by Dijkstra’s algorithm is better. This study is of great relevance to hospitals, which gather more groups with low resistance and a higher possibility of virus infection, and it is also applicable to other large public places.
The Efficacy of Innovative Project Management Tools in Mitigating Risks and Uncertainty in the Project Delivery Process
Authors: Windapo Abimbola , Salie Maahir , Umeokafor Nnedinma
Published: August 2023

The project delivery process is vulnerable to the contractual relations, roles and responsibilities of clients, contractors and consultants. Scholars view that construction projects are vulnerable to risks and uncertainty when project management fails to integrate stakeholders’ interests and resolve the tension between the stakeholders’ power expectations. This study examines the nature of project risks and uncertainty and the effectiveness of an innovative project management tool (the SAP_PPM system) in mitigating risks and uncertainty in the project delivery process. This study adopts a qualitative research approach that interviews project managers in South Africa to obtain the data to address the study problem. The study found that the failure of projects occurred when project risk and uncertainty resulted in litigation, stakeholders dissatisfaction and project delay. An emergent theory was identified, substantively explaining that using the SAP-PPM system in the project delivery process mitigates project risk and uncertainty because of its usefulness for resource allocation, priority setting, and timely project performance monitoring. Therefore, the study recommends using SAP-PPM to enhance the opportunities and strengths of the project delivery process.
Dynamics modeling and flight characteristics of folded multi-body aircraft
Authors: WANG Yu , ZHU Xiaoping , ZHOU Zhou
Published: August 2023

This paper studies the dynamic modeling method of fold-able multi-body aircraft based on the dynamics theory of multi-body system. Considering the multi-body aircraft as a complete multi-rigid body system, the dynamic model for the free unfolding process of the multi-body aircraft after horizontal launch is established. On the basis of the multi-body dynamics model, the coil spring moment model and the damping moment model for the flexible connection between the flight units are added. Taking a certain type of fold-able three-section wing aircraft as an example, the numerical simulation calculation is carried out. The influence of the flexible connection stiffness coefficient between the flight unit on the dynamic characteristics of the fold-able multi-body aircraft in the free deployment process and the relationship between the stiffness of the flexible connection and the maximum initial folding angle are studied. Finally, the stability envelope between the stiffness coefficient of the flexible connection and the maximum initial folding angle is determined.
Das Münsteraner Konzept zur Therapie der ektodermalen
Dysplasien im Kontext der wissenschaftlichen Literatur
Authors: Schmid J. Q. , Stamm T. , Middelberg C. , Oelerich O. , Hanisch M. , Hohoff A.
Published: August 2023

Die genetischen Ursachen und klinischen Erscheinungsformen der ektodermalen
Dysplasien (ED) sind äußerst heterogen. Aus zahnmedizinischer
Sicht besteht kein Konsens bezüglich des idealen Zeitpunktes der oralen
Rehabilitation. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen umfassenden
Literaturüberblick zum Thema ED und beschreibt das
interdisziplinäre Münsteraner Therapiekonzept aus
kieferorthopädischer, prothetischer und implantologischer Sicht.
Does a Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate Pattern Impair Renal Function in Neonates Prenatally Diagnosed with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract?
Authors: Borovitz Yael , Allon Ayelet , Lopian Miriam , Gilboa Yinon , Perlman Sharon
Published: August 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of nonreassuring fetal heart rate (NRFHR) patterns in labor on the postnatal renal function of neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT).

Study Design A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary referral center between 2012 and 2020. All cases with a prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT were extracted, and their fetal, maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal characteristics were analyzed. Cases of multiple gestations, preterm delivery, small for gestational age, major associated malformations or genetic aberrations, and prelabor acute obstetrical events were excluded from the analysis. The study group was comprised of patients who experienced NRFHR during labor. The control groups included (1) patients who had a trial of labor with a normal fetal heart rate pattern and (2) patients who delivered by elective cesarean section (CS). The primary outcome was abnormal serum creatinine levels in the perinatal period. For statistical purposes, the CAKUT cases were classified into a low and high estimated risk for an abnormal postnatal renal outcome. A subgroup analysis of the results was performed accordingly.

Results Two hundred and fifty-six fetuses diagnosed prenatally with CAKUT comprised the study group. Among these, 214 women (83%) opted for a labor trial, while 42 (17%) chose elective CS. Within the labor trial group, 21/214 patients (9.8%) experienced NRFHR during labor. Analysis of maternal and fetal characteristics revealed no statistically significant disparities between the groups. NRFHR patterns were not associated with a deterioration in neonatal serum creatinine compared with those with normal fetal monitoring or those born by an elective CS.

Conclusion NRFHR patterns during labor and delivery did not impair neonatal renal function status in fetuses diagnosed prenatally with low- and high-risk CAKUT. Delivery can be managed according to standard obstetrical guidelines.

Key Points
Perinatal Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use during Breastfeeding: the Role of Health Care Workers
Authors: Bhatia Devika , Rosenberg Sophie , Rees Rebecca , Brooks-Russell Ashley
Published: August 2023

Objective This study aimed to estimate the proportion of perinatal women reporting a health care worker (HCW) discussed cannabis use during pregnancy or breastfeeding with them and to evaluate the association between HCWs' discussions and perinatal cannabis use and cannabis use while breastfeeding.

Study Design Data from Health eMoms (a longitudinal, state-representative survey of Colorado mothers, collected from 2018 to 2020 [n = 3,193]) were utilized in logistic regressions assessing the relationship between HCW discussions about cannabis and perinatal cannabis use and cannabis use while breastfeeding at two time points postpartum, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Results A total of 5.8% of the sample reported cannabis use either during their most recent pregnancy or while breastfeeding at 3 to 6 months' postpartum. A total of 67.8% of the sample reported an HCW-discussed cannabis at prenatal visits. Women reporting perinatal use were more likely to report HCW discussing cannabis compared with nonusers (82.2 vs. 65.3%, p < 0.01). There was not a significant association between HCW discussions and cannabis use while breastfeeding at either time point postpartum. Compared with nonusers, women using perinatally were more likely to report cannabis Web sites (28.9 vs. 6.5%), cannabis stores (15.7 vs. 3.8%), or word-of-mouth (28.4 vs. 17.1%) as trusted sources of cannabis-related information.

Conclusion HCW discussions about cannabis use during pregnancy or breastfeeding are not universally reported. This study highlights the need for further encouragement of universal HCW discussions of cannabis use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, strengthening of messaging around cannabis use during these periods, and improved delivery of reliable cannabis-related health information to this population.

Key Points
Time to Completion of Two-Step Screening for Gestational Diabetes and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Nazeer Sarah A. , Chen Han-Yang , Cornthwaite Joycelyn A. , Sadek Sandra , Ghorayeb Tala , Daye Nahla , Chauhan Suneet P. , Sibai Baha , Bartal Michal F.
Published: August 2023

Objective This study aimed to ascertain whether the length of time to complete the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton, nonanomalous individuals who were screened for GDM at ≥24 weeks' gestation at an academic hospital system. We compared outcomes among people who were diagnosed with GDM and completed the 3-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) ≤14 second versus >14 days from the 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT). The primary outcome was a composite adverse neonatal outcome of the following: large for gestational age, shoulder dystocia, birth injury, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, or fetal/neonatal death. The secondary outcomes included several individual neonatal and maternal morbidities. Multivariable Poisson's regression models were used to evaluate the association. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results Among the 313 individuals who completed the two-step screening for GDM and had an 1-hour GCT ≥ 135 mg/dL; of them, 171 (54.6%) completed the 3-hour GTT ≤14 days, 142 (45.4%) completed the 3-hour GTT > 14 days. Overall rate of the primary outcome was 44.1%. After multivariable adjustment, the risk of the primary outcome was similar between people who completed the two-step method in ≤14 versus >14 days (aRR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.81–1.52). There was no significant difference in all secondary adverse outcomes between the two groups. Subgroup analyses, limited to people diagnosed with GDM (N = 89, 23.4%), also found similar results as the full analyses.

Conclusion Among individuals who completed the two-step screening for GDM, completion of the 3-hour GTT within ≤14 versus ≥ 14 days was not associated with an increase rate of the adverse outcomes.

Key Points
Hope after ‘the end of the world’: rethinking critique in the Anthropocene
Authors: Bargués Pol , Chandler David , Schindler Sebastian , Waldow Valerie
Published: August 2023

Many contemporary thinkers of the Anthropocene, who attempt to articulate a non-modern and relational ontology, all too readily dismiss critical theory inherited from the Frankfurt School for being anthropocentric, failing to acknowledge certain basic similarities. Instead, this article argues that the scaffolding of Anthropocene thinking—the recognition of the origins of the contemporary condition of ‘loss of world’ and the hope of ‘living on in the ruins’—share much with earlier critical theorists’ recognition that the Holocaust necessitated a fundamental break with the past. In reading these two sets of literatures together, we suggest we can get a better grasp of the stakes involved in the contemporary crisis of critique, and in the speculative framings enabling alternative futures to come into being.
The REFUGE-ED Dialogic Co-Creation Process: working with and for REFUGE-ED children and minors
Authors: Sordé-Martí Teresa , Ghani Adnan Abdul , Almobarak Bilal , Chiappelli Tiziana , Flecha Ainhoa , Hristova Mina , Krasteva Anna , Kjellberg Fredrika , McQuillan Katie , Nixon Elizabeth , Qasemi Misbah , Serradell Olga , Aiello Emilia , Swords Lorraine , Abdulrahman Hend Talal ,   Group Authorship, representing REFUGE-ED Consortium
Published: August 2023

A growing body of literature suggests that involving end-users in intervention research, including design, implementation, and evaluation, is associated with numerous positive outcomes. These outcomes include improved intervention efficacy, sustainability, and psychological growth among collaborators. The value of this approach and the recommendation for researchers to embrace co-creation in implementation and policies have also been recognised within the EU Framework of Research Innovation. Furthermore, it has been suggested that this approach may be particularly relevant for working with individuals from marginalised groups, whose voices are often absent from research and policy discussions. However, there has been limited attention given to how co-creation unfolds in practice. In this article, we provide a review of the methodological framework implemented by the H2020 REFUGE-ED (2021–2023), which was conducted in collaboration with migrant, refugee, and asylum-seeking communities. The project implemented the 'REFUGE-ED Dialogic Co-Creation Process (RDCP)' in 46 educational settings across six European countries. Considering the need for evidence-based approaches in education and mental health and psychosocial support practices, we suggest that the RDCP has the potential for sustainability and replicability in diverse contexts.
Permutation orbifolds of the Heisenberg vertex algebra H(3)
Authors: Milas Antun , Penn Michael , Shao Hanbo
Published: August 2023

We study the S3-orbifold of a rank three Heisenberg vertex algebra in terms of generators and relations. By using invariant theory, we prove that the orbifold algebra has a minimal strong generating set of vectors whose conformal weights are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 62 (two generators of degree 6). The structure of the cyclic Z3-orbifold is determined by similar methods. We also study characters of modules for the orbifold algebra.
A multi-stage, first-order phase transition in LaFe11.8Si1.2: Interplay between the structural, magnetic, and electronic degrees of freedom
Authors: Skokov K. P. , Karpenkov A. Y. , Karpenkov D. Y. , Radulov I. A. , Günzing D. , Eggert B. , Rogalev A. , Wilhelm F. , Liu J. , Shao Y. , Ollefs K. , Gruner M. E. , Wende H. , Gutfleisch O.
Published: August 2023

Alloys with a first-order magnetic transition are central to solid-state refrigeration technology, sensors and actuators, or spintronic devices. The discontinuous nature of the transition in these materials is a consequence of the coupling between the magnetic, electronic, and structural subsystems, and such transition can, in principle, cross several metastable states, where at one point, the transition takes place within the magnetic subsystem, while at another, the changes occur in the structural or electronic subsystems. To address this issue, we conducted simultaneous measurements of the macroscopic properties—magnetization, temperature change of the sample, longitudinal, and transversal magnetostrictions—to reveal the rich details of the magneto-structural, first-order transition occurring in the prototypical alloy LaFe11.8Si1.2. We found that the transition does not complete in one but in two distinct stages. The presence of the intermediate state changes the potential-energy landscape, which then impacts strongly on the width of the hysteresis associated with the first-order transition. We complement these findings with experiments on the atomistic scale, i.e., x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and then combine them with first-principles calculations to reveal the full complexity and two-stage nature of the transition. This new approach can be successfully extended to a large class of advanced magnetic materials that exhibit analogous transformations.
Electric field and temperature dependent conductivity in PEDOT:PSS/PVA
Authors: Mohan Arya , Menon Reghu
Published: August 2023

The charge transport in conducting polymer blends of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS] and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at 75, 50, 25, and 12 vol. % of PEDOT:PSS is investigated in the temperature range of 300–4.2 K. The scaling fit to percolative transport [σ ∝ |f − fc|t] shows that fc is around 10% and t = 2. The temperature dependent conductivity varies from the critical regime of metal–insulator transition to variable range hopping, along with the alterations in the networks of PEDOT:PSS in PVA. The variation in the exponent (n) in electric field dependent conductivity is more significant as the volume fraction of PEDOT:PSS decreases. The value of n decreases as the thermal contribution to transport dominates, showing the competing roles of both field and temperature.
Skyrmion-based racetrack multilevel data storage device manipulated by pinning
Authors: Jiang Yunxi , Yu Hao , Chen Xi
Published: August 2023

Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like topological protected spin structures that can be driven by electric current. We demonstrate a single skyrmion-based multilevel data storage device that could also work as the potential artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing. Four pinning sites are designed to situate the skyrmion in selective regions, whose resistances rise owing to the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) induced by the skyrmion. Skyrmion’s position could denote the data levels when the device works as a multilevel data storage device. Pinning sites’ positions represent the synaptic weights when it functions as the artificial synapse. Multilevel data storage device’s data level change or the synapse’s potentiation and depression is realized by the electric current applied parallel to the track. Our work shows that the AMR could help to detect a single skyrmion without the magnetic tunnel junction. Moreover, the skyrmion manipulated by pinning provides an approach for precise control and helps realize skyrmion-based in-memory computing.
Manipulating near-wall flow instability and transport characteristics by the airfoil probe: Investigation on a transonic compressor cascade
Authors: Zhang Qingdian , Ma Hongwei , Xie Zhongqiang , Wang Zengzeng
Published: August 2023

The flow field exhibits complex features, such as shock waves, wakes, and end wall vortices in a transonic cascade. Installation of airfoil probes exacerbates the multi-scale and unsteady behavior of the internal passage flow. Apart from inducing measurement errors, it also generates extra flow loss inevitably and further affects the measuring accuracy. This paper investigates the impact of airfoil probes on a transonic compressor cascade's unsteady behavior and transport characteristics. Using high-fidelity numerical simulations, the influence of pipe layouts on the flow field of instrumented blades is visualized, revealing highly radial asymmetry. Loss analysis uncovers entropy transport induced by the streamwise vortices, primarily manifested by large-scale angular deformation at the outlet. The vortex structures in the wake region are dominated by momentum transport, displaying regional evolution and momentary equilibrium. The vortex expansion plays a leading role in the global vortex transport process, which is strengthened by the presence of the probes. Spatiotemporal analysis of the unsteady flow field can reveal some features overlooked by conventional fluid mechanics analysis. Using proper orthogonal decomposition, wake vortex pairs' high-frequency oscillations and shedding behaviors are captured in adjacent modes for the first time. The proposed approach can provide a theoretical basis for in-depth investigations of instrumented blade flow fields at the transonic regime. Furthermore, corresponding research can promote the refinement of instrument design by enabling experimentalists to understand the effects of intrusive instruments on transonic flow fields.
Fractal texture and dielectric properties of BaTiO3/poly-vinylidene fluoride composites
Authors: Munakata Fumio , Yamazaki Haruna , Takeda Mariko , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: August 2023

The effects of the dispersion state of BaTiO3 ceramic fillers, which significantly improve the dielectric constant of BaTiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride composites, were investigated. To understand the microscopic and macroscopic features of the obtained composite textures, we have attempted a multifractal analysis of the microstructure of composite materials. The fractal nature of the composite material texture was investigated using multifractal parameters (the qth-moment dimension D(q) and scaling exponent τq) in the formation of fractal aggregates of BaTiO3 (BT) particles in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites. In the plots of D(q) and τ(q) vs q, the obtained results confirmed that q > 0 could be quantitatively evaluated as local characteristics (morphology, arrangement, and dispersion), whereas q < 0 could be quantitatively evaluated as global characteristics (aggregate network structure formation). As a result of evaluating the internal energies and entropies of the micro- and macro-regions from the plot of τq vs q, the aggregate formation energy (E1), aggregate network formation energy (E2), and interaction energy between the aggregates (Eint) had a relationship of E2 = E1 + Eint. The configuration entropy for the aggregate network formation (S2), particle arrangement entropy (S1), and aggregate configuration entropy (Sint) had a relationship of S2 = S1 + Sint. At q > 0, the increase in the aggregate formation energy with the amount of additive indicates the formation of particle groups. At q < 0, the generation of the interaction energy between the aggregates (Eint) suggests that the particle groups interact to form an aggregate network. Similarly, at q > 0, the increase in the arrangement entropy with the amount of additive is related to the arrangement of particles, while at q < 0, the generation of the configuration entropy (Sint) is related to the formation of the particle group network. It was clarified from the multifractal analysis that the formation of particle groups and their network structure are strongly related to the piezoelectric characteristics in this BT/PVDF system. It was revealed that the Eint and Sint obtained from the plots of D(q) and τ(q) vs q of the multifractal analysis could be related to the formation of particle groups (local interaction) and occurrence of network structure (global interaction). Therefore, the plots of D(q) and τ(q) vs q are effective means of characterizing self-organization from the fractal nature and are expected to be applied in more general research fields other than material and condensed matter.
Diffusion coefficients of linear trimer particles
Authors: Lüders Anton , Heß Bastian , Nielaba Peter
Published: August 2023

We study the diffusive behavior of linear trimer particles via numerical calculations. First, we utilize hydrodynamic bead-shell calculations to compute the microscopic diffusion coefficients for different particle aspect ratios. These values are then used to obtain continuous empirical formulas for said coefficients. As an application example for the empirical formulas, we perform Brownian dynamics simulations of monolayers consisting of a linear trimer surrounded by colloidal spheres. Here, we obtain empirical formulas for the corresponding long-time diffusion coefficients of the trimer. By comparing our data for the microscopic and long-time diffusion coefficients with known results for spherocylinders, we find that the diffusive behavior of both particle geometries is approximately identical. Based on this observation, we introduce simplified equations for the microscopic diffusion coefficients that can be used for arbitrary short rods that are spheres at the minimum aspect ratios. The calculated equations for the diffusion coefficients can be applied to various further numerical and experimental studies utilizing linear trimer particles.
Modeling high-Mach-number rarefied crossflows past a flat plate using the maximum-entropy moment method
Authors: Boccelli Stefano , Parodi Pietro , Magin Thierry E. , McDonald James G.
Published: August 2023

The 10 and 14-moment maximum-entropy methods are applied to the study of high-Mach-number non-reacting crossflows past a flat plate at large degrees of rarefaction. The moment solutions are compared to particle-based kinetic solutions, showing a varying degree of accuracy. At a Knudsen number of 0.1, the 10-moment method is able to reproduce the shock layer, while it fails to predict the low-density wake region, due to the lack of a heat flux. Conversely, the 14-moment method results in accurate predictions of both regions. At a Knudsen number of 1, the 10-moment method produces unphysical results in both the shock layer and in the wake. The 14-moment method also shows a reduced accuracy, but manages to predict a reasonable shock region, free of unphysical sub-shocks and is in qualitative agreement with the kinetic solution. Accuracy is partially lost in the wake, where the 14-moment method predicts a thin unphysical high-density layer, concentrated on the centerline. An analysis of the velocity distribution functions (VDF) indicates strongly non-Maxwellian shapes and the presence of distinct particle populations, in the wake, crossing each other at the centerline. The particle-based and the 14-moment method VDFs are in qualitative agreement.
Revisiting four-phonon scattering in WS2 monolayer with machine learning potential
Authors: Zhang Guangwu , Dong Shilin , Yang Chao , Han Dan , Xin Gongming , Wang Xinyu
Published: August 2023

Recently, the importance of the higher-order anharmonic effect on the thermal transport has been demonstrated in a few two-dimensional (2D) materials. As a member of 2D materials, the WS2 monolayer possesses excellent properties, but its higher-order phonon anharmonic effect is still unclear. As an emerging tool for atomistic simulations, the machine learning Gaussian approximation potential (GAP) has good computational speed and accuracy. In this work, the effect of the four-phonon scattering on the thermal transport properties of the WS2 monolayer is systematically investigated by combining a well-trained GAP with the Boltzmann transport equation. We find that the in-plane thermal conductivity of the WS2 monolayer decreases by 34.68% at 300 K compared to the results without considering the four-phonon scattering, which mainly originates from the strong low-frequency redistribution scattering process. The temperature-induced phonon renormalization in WS2 monolayer is investigated using the temperature-dependent effective potential method. The results show that phonon modes slightly soften with increasing temperature, and the temperature effect weakens the four-phonon scattering while hardly affect the three-phonon scattering. Our work reveals that previous studies considering only the three-phonon scattering and the temperature effect are insufficient, and the four-phonon interaction must be introduced to accurately describe the thermal transport properties of the WS2 monolayer.
Pattern formations in particle laden drum flows and Taylor–Couette flows with co-rotating cylinders
Authors: Brockmann P. , Tvarozek M. , Lausch M. , Hussong J.
Published: August 2023

In this work, previously undescribed particle patterns are reported for suspensions of initially uniform dispersed non-Brownian particles in completely filled rotating drum flows and in completely filled co-rotating Taylor–Couette (TC) flows under the influence of gravity. Extending previous studies, a thorough phase mapping is performed for the drum flow with a low viscosity working liquid (1 cP) and dp≈500μm glass beads at a solid volume fraction of Φ=0.11%. A wide range of cylinder radii is covered (Ro=7–145 mm), and for the first time, a phase mapping is performed for a co-rotating TC flow for varying radius ratios. A total of 55 different geometrical combinations have been considered within the experiments. For both the drum and the TC flow, a series of clearly distinguishable patterns are observed including three different types of axial band structures as well as azimuthal band structures. The experiments indicate that in the case of the drum flow, the pattern formation strongly depends on the outer cylinder diameter, whereas in the case of the Taylor–Couette flow, the gap height has a strong effect on the pattern formation. In the TC case, it is observed that the wavelength of all band patterns shows a striking dependence on the cylinder radius and the curvature of the system.
High performance and high yield sub-240 nm AlN:GaN short period superlattice LEDs grown by MBE on 6 in. sapphire substrates
Authors: Nicholls Jordan , Anderson Liam , Lee William , Ahn Jason Jae Seok , Baskaran Ashokraj , Bang Hyunsik , Belloeil Matthias , Cai Yushan , Campbell Jyoti , Chai Jessica , Corpuz Nathaniel , Entoma Volter , Hayden Brian , Hung Tab , Kim Henry , King Douglas , Li Shawn , Liu Andy , McMahon Daniel , Nguyen Viet , Pan Swee Fong , Tedman-Jones Samuel , Toe Wen Jun , Tsai Ray , Tudo Man Phat , Wang Hai Ping , Wang Youzhi , Yan Shu , Yang Ryan , Yeo Kevin , Schaff William , Krause Norbert , Charters Robbie , Tang Johnny , Atanackovic Petar
Published: August 2023

We develop ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) that operate in the sub-240 nm (far UVC) regime. The traditional limitations of high Al content AlGaN—the low light extraction efficiency due to transverse magnetic polarization and the poor doping efficiency—were overcome by using AlN:GaN short period superlattices (SPSLs) of varying compositions throughout almost the entire device structure. The quality of our molecular beam epitaxy process for growing SPSL devices was verified via transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction—together, these demonstrate our capacity for growing high quality interfaces with a great deal of control over the thicknesses of each individual layer. Resistivity measurements of our SPSL were three times smaller than bulk AlGaN of similar composition due to the improved doping efficiency. Devices fabricated on 6 in. sapphire substrates showed uniform performance, leading to over 10 000 functional devices per wafer. Packaged diodes exhibited a peak wall plug efficiency of 0.55% and an output power of 1.7 mW when operated at peak efficiency. The devices had an operating life (70% initial power) of 2800 h (at 20 mA continuous wave). Additionally, they could be driven as high as 1 A, which resulted in a record for radiant flux of a far UVC LED grown on sapphire (17.4 mW).
Demonstration of the plasmonic THz phase shifter at room temperature
Authors: Dzhikirba K. R. , Shuvaev A. , Khudaiberdiev D. , Kukushkin I. V. , Muravev V. M.
Published: August 2023

We experimentally demonstrate that above 300 GHz, the plasmonic phase shifter can operate at up to room temperature. We investigate the temperature-dependent behavior of the phase shift introduced by a two-dimensional electron system in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. We find that the temperature-effected changes in the relaxation time and effective mass contribute most to the phase shifter performance. The physical model developed in the study shows good agreement with the experimental data. The results open up the prospects for the practical applications of plasmonics in the terahertz frequency gap.
Low-temperature resistivity upturn and weak antilocalization in layered Ta1.04Ru0.78Te4 bulk single crystal
Authors: Pang Rui , Tian Jianjun , Kang Chaoyang , Wang Longsheng , Gu Haiyang , Shen Mengna , She Limin , Song Yeheng , Liu Xiansheng , Zhang Weifeng
Published: August 2023

Quantum corrections to conductivity, which reflect charge carriers' quantum behavior, are a significant topic in condensed state physics and device design. A resistivity upturn at low temperature or weak antilocalization due to quantum corrections has been often observed experimentally. However, the coexistence of the low-temperature resistivity upturn and weak antilocalization from quantum corrections in bulk single crystals is seldom reported. Here, we report the transport properties of bulk Ta1.04Ru0.78Te4 single crystals. The samples showed a metallic behavior with a resistivity upturn below ∼8.6 K, which may be the result of quantum correction to the resistivity. The magnetic field enhances the upturn feature. The weakly nonlinear Hall resistivity with a positive slope suggests a p-type and multiband feature for bulk Ta1.04Ru0.78Te4; the electron and hole concentrations and mobilities of the samples are very close to each other and have the same order of magnitude. The Ta1.04Ru0.78Te4 single crystals displayed small and positive magnetoresistance, and the 3 K magnetoresistance at 9 T was about 15%. A lack of overlap of Kohler's plot curves at different temperature implies the violation of Kohler's rule. At low temperature, the dip-like magnetoresistance at low field strengths suggests a weak antilocalization in the Ta1.04Ru0.78Te4 single crystal. A small phase coherence length implies weakened screening and enhancing electron–electron interaction effects. These results reveal the quantum transport properties of Ta1.04Ru0.78Te4 single crystals, which can be considered in the future device design.
Nonlinear statistical characteristics of the multi-directional waves with equivalent energy
Authors: Wang Lei , Ding Kanglixi , Zhou Binzhen , Jin Peng , Liu Shuxue , Wang Jinghua , Tang Tianning
Published: August 2023

Directional distribution is believed to have a significant impact on the statistical characteristics in multi-directional sea states. In real sea states, short-crested waves are discrete not only in frequency but also in direction. For the former one, they are well explained in unidirectional mode, but for the latter one, they are not. In this paper, the kurtosis of short-crested waves with equivalent energy is first discussed. Unimodal-spectrum-multi-direction sea states and bimodal-spectrum-multi-direction sea states are simulated for a long time in a numerical wave basin based on the high-order spectral method. In the equivalent sea-swell sea state, the spatial evolution of kurtosis becomes more inhomogeneous, along with the maximum value of kurtosis being larger and the area where the maximum value occurs wider in the configuration with a crossing angle β = 40° than that with β = 0°, while little variations in swell-dominated and wind-sea-dominated states. A positive linear correlation between wavelet group steepness and kurtosis is obtained in a unimodal sea state, but not applied to a crossing sea state characterized by a bimodal spectrum. The exceedance probability of wave height and wave crest distribution at maximum kurtosis is also given. These findings can help predict the probability of extreme waves occurring, guiding the selection of ocean engineering sites to avoid extreme configurations.
Droplet impacting on a supercooled immiscible liquid pool
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Li , Li Yuqi , Gu Xi , Huo Peng , Hu Man , Deng Daosheng
Published: August 2023

In this work, we report the impacting and freezing dynamics when a hexadecane droplet impacts on a supercooled immiscible water pool. By utilizing the synchronized high-speed imaging and thermal imaging, three phases for the droplet dynamics have been identified: the jet phase, the flat phase, and the bowl phase. These different phases arise from the solidification process of the hexadecane droplet, and hence, depend on the degree of supercooling or water temperature. We further perform the scaling analysis for the phase transition, which agrees with the experimental observations remarkably. At a high Weber number, the transition between each phase is primarily determined by the supercooling temperature of the liquid pool.
Uranus’s hidden polar cyclone, revealed
Authors: Miller Johanna
Published: August 2023

Microwave observations peer into the atmospheric dynamics of the oddball seventh planet.
Celebrating Emmy Noether
Authors: Brading Katherine
Published: August 2023

The Philosophy and Physics of Noether’s Theorems: A Centenary Volume, James Read and Nicholas J. Teh, eds.
Understanding the first-offer conundrum: How buyer offers impact sale price and impasse risk in 26 million eBay negotiations
Authors: Schweinsberg Martin , Petrowsky Hannes M. , Funk Burkhardt , Loschelder David D.
Published: August 2023

How low is the ideal first offer? Prior to any negotiation, decision-makers must balance a crucial tradeoff between two opposing effects. While lower first offers benefit buyers by anchoring the price in their favor, an overly ambitious offer increases the impasse risk, thus potentially precluding an agreement altogether. Past research with simulated laboratory or classroom exercises has demonstrated either a first offer’s anchoring benefits
or
its impasse risk detriments, while largely ignoring the other effect. In short, there is no empirical answer to the conundrum of how low an ideal first offer should be. Our results from over 26 million incentivized real-world negotiations on eBay document (a) a linear anchoring effect of buyer offers on sales price, (b) a nonlinear, quartic effect on impasse risk, and (c) specific offer values with particularly low impasse risks but high anchoring benefits. Integrating these findings suggests that the ideal buyer offer lies at 80% of the seller’s list price across all products—although this value ranges from 33% to 95% depending on the type of product, demand, and buyers’ weighting of price versus impasse risk. We empirically amend the well-known midpoint bias, the assumption that buyer and seller eventually meet in the middle of their opening offers, and find evidence for a “buyer bias.” Product demand moderates the (non)linear effects, the ideal buyer offer, and the buyer bias. Finally, we apply machine learning analyses to predict impasses and present a website with customizable first-offer advice configured to different products, prices, and buyers’ risk preferences.
Feasibility of dopamine as a vector-valued feedback signal in the basal ganglia
Authors: Wärnberg Emil , Kumar Arvind
Published: August 2023

It is well established that midbrain dopaminergic neurons support reinforcement learning (RL) in the basal ganglia by transmitting a reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum. In particular, different computational models and experiments have shown that a striatum-wide RPE signal can support RL over a small discrete set of actions (e.g., no/no-go, choose left/right). However, there is accumulating evidence that the basal ganglia functions not as a selector between predefined actions but rather as a dynamical system with graded, continuous outputs. To reconcile this view with RL, there is a need to explain how dopamine could support learning of continuous outputs, rather than discrete action values. Inspired by the recent observations that besides RPE, the firing rates of midbrain dopaminergic neurons correlate with motor and cognitive variables, we propose a model in which dopamine signal in the striatum carries a vector-valued error feedback signal (a loss gradient) instead of a homogeneous scalar error (a loss). We implement a local, “three-factor” corticostriatal plasticity rule involving the presynaptic firing rate, a postsynaptic factor, and the unique dopamine concentration perceived by each striatal neuron. With this learning rule, we show that such a vector-valued feedback signal results in an increased capacity to learn a multidimensional series of real-valued outputs. Crucially, we demonstrate that this plasticity rule does not require precise nigrostriatal synapses but remains compatible with experimental observations of random placement of varicosities and diffuse volume transmission of dopamine.
Remote gate control of topological transitions in moiré superlattices via cavity vacuum fields
Authors: Lin Zuzhang , Xiao Chengxin , Nguyen Danh-Phuong , Arwas Geva , Ciuti Cristiano , Yao Wang
Published: August 2023

Placed in cavity resonators with three-dimensionally confined electromagnetic wave, the interaction between quasiparticles in solids can be induced by exchanging virtual cavity photons, which can have a nonlocal characteristic. Here, we investigate the possibility of utilizing this nonlocality to realize the remote control of the topological transition in mesoscopic moiré superlattices at full filling (one electron/hole per supercell) embedded in a split-ring terahertz electromagnetic resonator. We show that gate tuning one moiré superlattice can remotely drive a topological band inversion in another moiré superlattice not in contact but embedded in the same cavity. Our study of remote on/off switching of a topological transition provides a paradigm for the control of material properties via cavity vacuum fields.
Preparing Fearful Dogs for Vaccinations with Cooperative Care
Authors: Jones Erin
Published: August 2023

Cooperative care is connected to consent in many ways and is used to empower dogs and improve their emotional wellness. It allows our dogs to have control over handling that is often forceful and invasive. Cooperative care utilizes a two-way communication system. (1) We provide information to our dogs by teaching them how consent behaviour works and how they can use it to consent or withdraw their consent at any given time. We also teach them the sequence of events that will follow by using predictive cues that provide our dogs with information to make educated decisions. (2) It also gives humans a clear way to understand, beyond the sometimes-subtle body language dogs use to communicate, if the dog is consenting or not. In this article, the patient, Juno, demonstrates that cooperative care not only improves the emotional wellness of dogs, but it builds a relationship based on trust, and it reduces the chances of human-directed aggressive behaviours.

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Die-sinking and rotary EDM surface and subsurface analysis of MoSi2-SiC ceramic composites
Authors: Selvarajan L. , Rajavel R. , Yunus Mohammed , Alfattani Rami
Published: August 2023

Rotating EDM and die sinking EDM were used to compare the machinability of MoSi2-SiC composites. Surface flaws such as micro cracks, un melted spherical particles, pores, a recast layer and craters following EDM can be attributed to the high hardness and poor toughness of the MoSi2-SiC. Die sinking EDM and rotary EDM, as shown by a comparison of recast layer thicknesses, produce the most uniformly thin white layers, at 92 and 30 µm respectively. The study found that the area fraction yield for porosity ranged from 8.18% to 12.922% when using rotary EDM, but only from 2.33% to 8.10% when using die-sinking EDM. According to the EDAX, the spongy exterior of a composite is the result of a lot of gas being produced. Although the rotational movement of the tool sweeps the resolidified particles away, Rotary EDM resulted in a thinner and less uniform recast layer while still producing good surfaces.
Different species, different gap junctions?
Authors: Sanz-Gálvez Rafael , Kolta Arlette
Published: August 2023

By describing the analogies and differences of a simple homologous circuit involving electrical synapses—the simplest form of synaptic communication—in two closely related species, this article demonstrates how we must be wary of cross-species generalizations.