bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of paediatric humeral shaft fractures and associated nerve palsy
Authors: O'Shaughnessy M. A. , Parry J. A. , Liu H. , Stans A. A. , Larson A. N. , Milbrandt T. A.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study is to review the management of all paediatric humerus diaphyseal fractures treated at a single institution over a 20-year period.

Methods

Retrospective review from between 1996 and 2016 identified 96 humerus shaft fractures in paediatric patients (0 to 17 years). After excluding those deceased from inciting trauma, pathological and perinatal fractures, 80 patients remained for analysis. Data collected included age, fracture type, displacement, nerve palsy, treatment, complications and time to union. Radiographs were reviewed at the time of injury and at latest follow-up.

Results

Of 80 paediatric humeral diaphyseal fractures, 65 (81%) were treated with immobilization. In all, 15 (19%) fractures were treated with surgical stabilization. Most common indications were fracture displacement, open fractures and to improve mobilization in patients with multiple injuries. Fractures were stabilized with a plate (eight), flexible nails (five), external fixation (one) and percutaneous pinning (one). The operative group, compared with the nonoperative group, was older, had more high-energy mechanisms, more open fractures and increased fracture displacement. All patients in the nonoperative and operative groups went on to union with minimal complications. A nerve palsy was present in five patients (6%)with three of the five involving the radial nerve (4%). All nerve palsies were observed and had full neurological recovery.

Conclusion

Over a 20-year period nonoperative management of paediatric humerus shaft fractures was successful in the majority of patients. Operative stabilization, when rarely indicated, had a low complication rate and improved radiographic alignment. All nerve injuries fully recovered without surgical intervention.

Level of evidence

IV
Rethinking the roles of the art educator as participatory artist, researcher and teacher (P)ART: A South African perspective
Authors: Meyer Merna , Wood Lesley
Published: September 2019

As an art teacher educator in South Africa, I am concerned about three issues: (1) the low status of art as school subject, (2) the restriction of art as a subject for the talented few, and (3) the isolation of art from the lives and social realities of learners. These concerns prompted me to embark on a critical study of my own art didactical practices in teaching professional development to pre-service art teachers. I draw on qualitative data in the form of observations, visuals and reflective notes to present my living theory and positional stance about how such concerns can be addressed to enable students to become transformative, interdisciplinary leaders within schools through embodying the roles of participatory artists, researchers and teachers. The knowledge generated by my self-reflective practitioner inquiry contributes to framing professional development in art education and the vital role that art teachers could play to improve the status of art education as art becomes more recognized as a catalyst for transforming how people think and act in the world.
Using art to provoke: Interpreting Tammam Azzam
Authors: Merucci Amber
Published: September 2019

This visual essay explores how art can become a classroom tool to discover, challenge and nurture discussions around identity and politics. How might students have a visceral engagement with concepts such as war, famine and political persecution when they may have never experienced these? What is the relationship between identity, war and politics? How might art provoke discussions on topical, provocative and controversial concepts? The above questions will be addressed through an exploration of Syrian artist Tammam Azzam’s artwork, which captures personal experiences of, and sentiments on, war accompanied by questions that can assist in provoking uncomfortable, authentic and supportive classroom dialogue.
«Desde La Cerrada»: reminiscencias del viejo Santander que conoció Ambrosio Menjón
Authors: García Castañeda Salvador
Published: September 2019

Ambrosio Menjón fue capellán en los vapores de la Compañía Transatlántica y estuvo a cargo de una parroquia en Cuba. Retirado en Santander escribió unos relatos en los que evocaba el Santander de su niñez y el del presente, y sus viajes a América. Estos relatos, casi desconocidos hasta ahora, tienen gran sabor costumbrista y están escritos desde la perspectiva de un testigo.
Texto y contexto de un cuento de Emilia Pardo Bazán: «Poema humilde» (1897-1900)
Authors: González Herrán José Manuel
Published: September 2019

Comentario del cuento «Poema humilde», de Emilia Pardo Bazán, explicando cómo su sentido (y valía) reside no solo en el arte literario que evidencia su texto, sino también en las circunstancias –el contexto– de su producción y difusión: en los periódicos El Liberal y El Socialista, de Madrid (1897), El Eco de Galicia, de La Habana (1898), y en el libro Un destripador de antaño. Historias y cuentos de Galicia. (1900).
El cuento en la literatura edificante española del siglo XIX
Authors: Hibbs Solange
Published: September 2019

Aunque la literatura recreativa y de ficción suscitó la desconfianza de la Iglesia y de determinados sectores del catolicismo, el auge de la prensa y la existencia de una sólida red de librerías y editoriales católicas favorecieron la producción y la difusión de una literatura edificante en la que coexistían distintos géneros como las leyendas, la novela corta, la novela y el cuento. Escritores católicos como Antonio de Trueba, María Pilar Sinués de Marco, Manuel Polo y Peyrolón, el Padre Coloma recogieron la tradición del cuento con las debidas reelaboraciones. La literatura edificante también supo aprovecharse de las traducciones y adaptaciones de la producción cuentística europea y autores como Louis Veuillot, Alphonse Daudet, Mathilde Bourdon y el canónigo Cristóbal Schmid se convirtieron en referencias ineludibles. En casi todos los casos, la preocupación por la ejemplaridad de las narraciones llevaron a estos autores a supeditar el argumento folklórico y la construcción literaria a la finalidad moral.
La ruta hacia «El Monte de las Ánimas». Propuesta de una poética del cuento romántico
Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez Borja
Published: September 2019

«El Monte de las Ánimas» uno de los cuentos de Bécquer, ofrece al ser analizado una perfecta estructura técnica narrativa. Bécquer se apoya en los descubrimientos que una serie de escritores románticos, predecesores suyos, hicieron en el arte del relato breve. Enrique Gil y Carrasco, Mariano Roca de Togores, Serafín Estébanez de Calderón y Pedro de Madrazo fueron los nombres fundamentales que dieron lugar a una poética del cuento que Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer supo aprovechar de forma magistral. Esta poética, el cuento dramatizado, nunca llega a tomar una forma teórica definida pero puede rastrearse por el análisis de las obras de los antecesores de Bécquer.
Catalina de Lancaster y Leonor López de Córdoba en la novela decimonónica española: Doce años de regencia (1863), de Narciso Blanch e Illa
Authors: Ribao Pereira Montserrat
Published: September 2019

Narciso Blanch e Illa publica, en 1863, una novela histórica protagonizada por Catalina de Lancaster, regente de Castilla (1406-1418), y por su valida Leonor López de Córdoba. Se trata de una obra muy bien documentada, que sigue al pie de la letra los episodios de la regencia referidos por la historiografía medieval disponible en el siglo XIX, a la que se suma una intriga romancesca atractiva y bien trabada con la trama histórica. El resultado es un texto de contenido político que, como su autor, busca en el ideario carlista respuestas a la convulsa situación de España en vísperas de la revolución del 68.
Luis Landero, memoria histórica, autoficción y evidentia
Authors: Thion Soriano-Mollá Dolores
Published: September 2019

Algunas novelas y libros de ensayo de Luis Landero ponen de manifiesto que la memoria histórica, entendida en su sentido primigenio, se compone de la historia personal y colectiva y forma parte de la Tradición. En el caso del autor, estos conceptos adoptan vida literaria en gran parte de su obra, que él compone a partir de un importante sustrato autobiográfico. La recuperación de la memoria para Landero representa un regreso vital a su juventud, a sus orígenes extremeños, a la tradición rural y al relato oral. Puesto que Landero prefiere emocionar y sugerir antes que exponer y argumentar, el recurso a la clásica evidentia favorece la interpretación verosímil e, intencionalmente, realista de los elementos autoficticios de sus creaciones.
Laura Cristina Palomo Alepuz, Posibles fuentes de Figuras de Bethlem, Alicante, Publicacions de la Universitat d’Alacant, 2017
Authors: Lozano Marco Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2019

Reseña de la publicación de Laura Cristina Palomo Alepuz: Posibles fuentes de Figuras de Bethlem, Alicante, Publicacions de la Universitat d'lacant, 2017. ISBN: 9788497175333, 330 páginas.
Diferencias de género en las oportunidades de la digitalización para la participación sociopolítica de los adolescentes
Authors: Vázquez-Barrio Tamara , Torrecillas-Lacave Teresa , Suárez-Álvarez Rebeca
Published: September 2019

Las redes sociales facilitan la adquisición de información y el debate con otros usuarios y abren nuevos caminos hacia la participación social y para el empoderamiento individual, pero los datos indican que solo un tercio de los jóvenes las utilizan con este fin. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar, a través de entrevistas en profundidad a expertos y dos grupos de discusión con chicos y chicas de 15 a 18 años, las oportunidades que surgen de la digitalización para la participación social y política y analizar el uso efectivo que hacen de esas potencialidades. La conclusión es que para los y las adolescentes Internet es fundamentalmente un espacio de ocio. La participación en asuntos públicos no ha emergido espontáneamente en su discurso. Las reacciones ante la pregunta sobre la utilidad de las redes sociales como herramientas para la participación política y social han oscilado entre el desinterés, el desconocimiento y el escepticismo respecto a sus efectos potenciales. Además, emergieron ciertas barreras para participar en el caso de las chicas que, ante el miedo a ser criticadas, prefieren silenciar sus opiniones en un ejercicio de evidente autocensura.
IL-23/IL-17 INHIBITORS IN IMMUNOINFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES: NEW HORIZONS
Authors: Nasonov E. L. , Korotaeva T. V. , Dubinina T. V. , Lila A. M.
Published: September 2019

Recently, more attention has been given to Th17 cells, the pathological activation of which plays a leading role in the development of a wide spectrum of human immunoinflammatory diseases (IID), including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc. This has served as an incentive to design new biological agents and small molecules, the main mechanism of action of which is based on blocking the pathological effects of interleukin-17 (IL-17), others are associated with the activation of Th17 cells cytokines or signaling pathways that regulate the effects of these cytokines. The review discusses current ideas about the mechanisms regulating the formation and functional activity of IL-17 family cytokines, as well as evidence for the importance of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of IID.
OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL TREATMENT TACTICS FOR PATIENTS WITH HIP-SPINE SYNDROME: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Kargaltsev A. A. , Makarov M. A. , Amirdzhanova V. N.
Published: September 2019

Coexisting hip osteoarthritis (OA) and lumbar spinal stenosis (central and foraminal) and/or spondylolisthesis is called a hip-spine syndrome (HSS). The central problem is correctly diagnosing and determining the tactics of surgical or medical treatment for patients with HSS. The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with HSS and an examination algorithm for determining the significance of peripheral neuropathy and hip OA and discusses the choice of surgical treatment tactics.
DRUG-INDUCED ENCEPHALOPATHY WITH IMPAIRED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS DURING TOCILIZUMAB USE
Authors: Shesternya P. A. , Prokopenko S. V. , Mozheiko E. Yu. , Gritsenko O. D. , Tupaeva T. V. , Kurts E. M.
Published: September 2019

Blockade of interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most promising areas in the treatment of a number of immunoinflammatory diseases. Tocilizumab (TCZ), the first registered anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has been used effectively by rheumatologists since 2010. During this period, the spectrum of adverse reactions (ARs) of TCZ has been clearly defined. However, the multifaceted biological effects of IL-6 determine the probability of unexpected ARs. The article describes a clinical case of drug-induced encephalopathy with cognitive dysfunction during TCZ therapy.
Costly Rewards and Punishments
Authors: Lee Frances Z. Xu
Published: September 2019

To punish an agent, the principal often incurs costs. I study a principal’s least costly reward and punishment scheme for an agent whose effort the principal cannot observe. I find the principal’s cost is sometimes minimized by using both costly rewards and costly punishments because (1) the agent has an outside option, or (2) a principal without commitment ability repeatedly interacts with the agent. I also find that when an agent’s effort is better at increasing the probability of a good outcome for the principal, the agent’s payoff may decrease, because the principal replaces rewards with punishments.
Gut microbiotas and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response: a causal or coincidental relationship?
Authors: Janket Sok-Ja , Ackerson Leland K. , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: September 2019

As the largest immune organ, human gut microbiome could influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI). However, identifying contributory microbes from over 35,000 species is virtually impossible and the identified microbes are not consistent among studies. The reason for the disparity may be that the microbes found in feces are markers of other factors that link immune response and microbiotas. Notably, gut microbiome is influenced by stool consistency, diet and other lifestyle factors. Therefore, the ICI and microbiotas relationship must be adjusted for potential confounders and analyzed longitudinally. Moreover, a recent study where 11 low-abundance commensal bacteria induced interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells, challenges the validity of the abundance-oriented microbiotas investigations. This study also confirmed the hierarchy in immunogenic roles among microbiotas. Fecal transplantation trials in germ-free mice provided “the proof of principle” that germ-free mice reproduce the donor’s microbiome and corresponding ICI efficacy. However, species-specific biological differences prevent direct extrapolation between the results in murine and human models. Fecal transplantation or supplementation with microbes found in ICI responders requires caution due to potential adverse events.
The feasibility of using a low-cost depth camera for 3D scanning in mass customization
Authors: Virtanen Juho-Pekka , Antin Kim-Niklas , Kurkela Matti , Hyyppä Hannu
Published: September 2019

By combining additive manufacturing with 3D measurement techniques, tailored production work-flows that include the digitizing of existing components, computer-aided design, and tool-free manufacturing of the customized parts can be envisioned, potentially reducing the costs of mass customization. The introduction of affordable depth cameras has greatly increased the consumer availability of 3D measuring. We present the application of an affordable depth camera for the 3D digitizing of existing components, the utilization of the produced data in the design process, and finally, the production of the designed component with additive manufacturing. The capabilities of the affordable depth camera system are evaluated by comparing it with photogrammetric 3D reconstruction, revealing issues in smaller geometric details and sharp edges.
Shared Aerial Drone Videos — Prospects and Problems for Volunteered Geographic Information Research
Authors: Stankov Uglješa , Vasiljević Ðorđije , Jovanović Verka , Kranjac Mirjana , Vujičić Miroslav D. , Morar Cezar , Bucur Liviu
Published: September 2019

The practice of producing drone videos for hobby or commercial purposes has already created a vast amount of open and free video datasets. When these videos are properly authored, time-stamped and geo-referenced, they receive characteristics of volunteered geographic information (VGI). As alternative forms to user-generated content (UGC), these visually appealing footages attract significant attention, but their production faces different practical and motivational issues that could impose limitation on the value of this kind of VGI. In order to better understand volunteered geographic drone videos (VGDV) from the social media and VGI perspective we conceptualize and discuss prospects and problems that could be explored in further research. This paper contributes to the development of theory about aerial drone videos, exploration of aerial drone video UGC characteristics and to the applicability of drone videos in Digital Earth systems.
Ladle Nozzle Clogging during casting of Silicon-Steel
Authors: Kong Wei , Chen Ying-Feng , Cang Da-Giang
Published: September 2019

To figure out the reason causing ladle nozzle clogging during a continuous casting process (or CC for short) for the silicon steel and get away to solve it, this paper studied the theoretical calculation of flow rates during casting, inclusions around the slide gate where ladle nozzle clogging happened, and Ca-treatment on refining units for producing the silicon steel. The results showed that: The bigger diameter of a nozzle or less nozzle clogging can guarantee an enough flow rate for reaching the target casting speed. Ladle nozzle clogging can be predicted by analyzing the percentage of a slide gate being opened. Al2O3 and its composite inclusions were the main ones which cause the nozzle clogging during the CC process of the silicon steel. Ca-treatment could transform those high melting point inclusions into C12A7 by adding Si-Ca wires and prevent the ladle nozzle clogging of the silicon steel.
Macroeconomic Long-Run Effects of the German Minimum Wage when Labor Markets are Frictional
Authors: Braun Helge , Döhrn Roland , Krause Michael , Micheli Martin , Schmidt Torsten
Published: September 2019

This paper analyzes the introduction of the German minimum wage in 2015 in a structural model geared to quantitatively assess its long-run economic effects. We first employ a simple neoclassic model where wages equal their marginal product, then extend this model to two sector economy, and finally introduce search and matching frictions. Even though all model variants remain highly stylized, they yield quantitative insights on the importance of different mechanisms and channels through which minimum wages affect outcomes in the long run. In this framework, the minimum wage has a strong negative effect on employment. When sectors are differently affected by the minimum wage, sectoral relative price changes play an important quantitative role. Other labor market policies and institutions are important for the transmission of minimum wage policy on labor market market outcomes.
Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Arican Sule , Hacibeyoglu Gulcin , Ulukaya Sinan Oguzhan , Avcioglu Gamze , Reisli Ruhiye , Uzun Sema Tuncer , Erel Ozcan
Published: September 2019

Background

Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an isotype of albumin that increases under oxidative stress, and plasma thiols are main defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate thiol-disulfide homeostasis and serum IMA levels in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients.

Methods

A total of 29 PHN patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum total and native thiol concentrations and serum disulfide concentration were measured using the method described by Erel and Neselioglu. The albumin cobalt binding test was used to measure serum IMA levels.

Results

Serum IMA levels were 1.21 ± 0.58 AU and 0.75 ± 0.09 AU in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum total thiol concentrations were found to be 421.62 ± 90.28 μmol/L and 598.36 ± 73.63 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum native thiol concentrations were found to be 365.75 ± 92.07 μmol/L and 531.90 ± 72.9 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum disulfide concentrations were found to be 33.23 ± 5.33 μmol/L and 27.93 ± 7.81 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p = 0.003). The native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly lower, and the disulfide/total thiol and disulfide/native thiol ratios were significantly higher in the PHN group compared to the controls.

Conclusions

IMA levels are high and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is disrupted in PHN patients.
Promoting luminescence of Yb/Er codoped ferroelectric composite by polarization engineering for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Pan Er , Bai Gongxun , Peng Yutao , Chen Liang , Xu Shiqing
Published: September 2019

Ferroelectric oxide nanocrystals, in combination with the robust coupling of an electric field with crystal structure symmetry, makes such systems agreeable to field-induced crystal structural transformation. The luminescent properties of rare earth ions are sensitive to the symmetry of the surrounding crystal field. The luminescence tuning of rare earth ions is an important assignment in the research of luminescent materials. However, the current conditional feasibility and reversibility in the exploration of luminescence modification remain major challenges. In this article, the luminescence modulation of rare earth ions has been developed in Yb3+/Er3+ codoped ferroelectrics glass ceramics containing Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals through an electric field. The inclusion of nanocrystals in the glass matrix greatly enhances the electrical resistance. Both upconversion and near-infrared emissions of rare earth ions are effectively enhanced more than twice via polarization engineering. The electric field regulates the photonic properties of rare earth ions with excellent reversibility and nonvolatility in ferroelectrics. The effective modification by electric field provides a new scheme for optical storage and optoelectronic devices.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(5-acetyl-2-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzen-1-ido-κ2
C,N)-pyridine-κN-palladium(II), C19H17ClN2OPd
Authors: Lou Xin-Hua
Published: September 2019

C19H17ClN2OPd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.0720(8) Å, b = 10.9390(10) Å, c = 17.9604(7) Å, β = 97.054(6)°, V = 1768.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0389, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0816, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-{di-aqua-sodium [n-butyl(methyl)carbamothioyl]sulfanide}n, [C6H16NNaO2S2]n
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Zaldi Nordiyana Binti , Hussen Rusnah Syahila Duali , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: September 2019

[C6H16NNaO2S2]n, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.3469(2) Å, b = 5.7512(1) Å, c = 11.8647(1) Å, β = 91.046(1)°, V = 1115.27(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0212, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0562, T = 100(2) K.
Elizabeth the Rhetorician. An Analysis of the Greatest Speeches by the Virgin Queen
Authors: Di Maio Myriam
Published: September 2019

In the recent past Elizabeth Tudor’s rhetorical charisma has raised an ever-increasing interest within the academic domain. The scope of this paper is to examine the queen’s abilities to persuade and captivate her subjects, as well as her diplomatic attitudes and magniloquence; in pursuing this aim, great attention will be given to the most remarkable speeches she gave before the dignitaries of the royal crown and the English militancy, with particular regard to those rhetorical skills she learnt to master and sharpen over the years. Since the political matter was, to her, an expression of ‘inwardness,’ Elizabeth’s way of ruling has always reflected her personal vicissitudes. Looking at her public speeches with a discerning eye means probing her mind quite consciously and attempting to identify with one of the greatest sovereigns whose mark on the sixteenth century European scene remains indelible.
Uranium biosorption by immobilized active yeast cells entrapped in calcium-alginate-PVA- GO-crosslinked gel beads
Authors: Chen Can , Hu Jun , Wang Jianlong
Published: September 2019

A novel biosorbent, i. e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped in graphene oxide (GO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate and cross-linked in CaCl2- boric acid solution, was prepared, characterized and applied for U (VI) biosorption. The performance of U sorption and cations release (Na, K, Ca and Mg ions) was investigated under different contact time, initial uranium concentration and initial pH. Uranium sorption equilibrium basically achieved after 360 min. The kinetic data of U biosorption and Ca release were best described by the pseudo first-order equation. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models could fit the U sorption isotherm data. With increase of initial uranium (3.7 ~ 472.2 μmol/L) and sodium concentration (78.8 ~ 3911.7 μmol/L), the cations release ((Na + K)/2 + (Ca + Mg)) decreased from 116.9 to 30.1 μmol/g when the corresponding U sorption increased from 0.6 to 77.3 μmol/g. Initial solution pH at 3 was favorable for U sorption when pH ranged from 3 to 7. With increase of uranium concentration, ion exchange played a less role in U removal. The maximum U sorption capacity reached 142.1 μmol/g, calculated from the Langmuir model at initial pH 5. The O-containing functional group, such as carboxyl on the gel bead played an important role in U adsorption according to FTIR and XPS analysis. XPS analysis showed the existence of U (VI) and U (IV) on the surface of gel bead. Ion exchange, complexation and uranium reduction involved in uranium adsorption by the immobilized active dry yeast gel beads.
A stochastic dynamic mass spectrometric diffusion method and its application to 3D structural analysis of the analytes
Authors: Ivanova Bojidarka , Spiteller Michael
Published: September 2019

There is a straightforward line in the recent development of the functional model connecting the experimental mass spectrometric variable intensity of a peak of an analyte ion with its thermodynamic, kinetic and diffusion parameters. It has been shown that the temporal behavior of the outcome intensity obeys a certain law:

${{\text{D}}_{{\text{SD}}}}{\text{ }} = {\text{ }}1.3193{\text{ }} \times {\text{ }}{10^{ - 14}}{\text{ }} \times {\text{ }}A{\text{ }} \times {\text{ }}{{(\overline {{I^2}} - {{(\bar I)}^2})} \over {{{(I - \bar I)}^2}}}.$

D

SD

 

=

 

1.3193

 

×

 

10

−
14

 

×

 

A

 

×

 

(

I
2

¯

−

(

I
¯

)

2

)

(
I
−

I
¯

)

2

.

This formula is universally applicable and empirically testable and verifiable. It connects the intensity with the so-called stochastic dynamic diffusion “DSD” parameter. Its application to small-scale research, so far, using soft-ionization electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization or collision-induced dissociation methods has shown that the DSD parameter is linearly connected with the so-called quantum chemical diffusion parameter “DQC,” obtained within Arrhenius’s theory. Therefore, the DSD parameter connects experimental measurable parameters of ions with their three-dimensional (3D) molecular and electronic structures. The corroborated empirical proof, so far, has convincingly argued that the mass spectrometry appears to be not only a robust instrumentation for highly accurate, precise and selective quantification but also is capable of providing the exact 3D molecular structure of the analytes, when it is used complementary to high accuracy methods of the computational quantum chemistry.
Dynamischer Gebrauch von Paronymen in allgemein-, fach-, wissenschafts- und bildungssprachlicher Kommunikation
Authors: Storjohann Petra
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on easily confused items (so-called paronyms) in German in terms of their general, technical or academic contextual uses. It outlines the semantic discrepancies between contextual usages of pairs such asMethode/Methodologie/Methodikandunehelich/nichtehelich/außerehelichdepending on their linguistic registers and varieties. While previous studies lack empirical evidence and primarily operate with morphological criteria (cf. Lăzărescu 1999) the descriptions here derive from corpus-based examinations of general written and of technical discourse. It is shown that causes of lexical confusion arise from formal, phonetic resemblances or semantic similarities, regular co-occurrence, incorrect morphological analogies and political governance of language. Context, knowledge, associations and experience determine the choice of lexical terms. Speakers need to apply linguistic and extra-linguistic principles in order to create adequate contexts. With the help of paronym examples and corpus data, these will be elucidated in more detail.
Botar fé no axé: Überlegungen zur Bestimmung eines spirituellen Kapitals
Authors: Leuschner Hannes
Published: September 2019

In diesem Beitrag geht es vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Neokapitaltheorien um Bestimmungsmöglichkeiten eines spirituellen bzw. religiösen Kapitals und die solchen Kapitalformen zugrunde liegenden Begriffe von Religion und Spiritualität. Ein eigener Ansatz wird in die Diskussion gebracht, der eine Ausdifferenzierung in spiritualisierendes und spirituelles, exoterisches religiöses und esoterisches religiöses Kapital vorschlägt. Die vorgeschlagenen Begriffe werden anhand aktueller Entwicklungen in der afrobrasilianischen Candomblé-Religion erörtert.
Greetings and farewells in contemporary Romanian: a sociolinguistic approach
Authors: Mocanu Mihaela , Bibiri Anca-Diana
Published: September 2019

The Romanian language is characterized by an extremely prolific paradigm of greeting and farewell formulae, used in various communicational contexts and able to fulfil complex communicative functions. Starting from the assumption that the selection of greeting and farewell formulae performed by the speakers is determined by extralinguistic factors such as their educational background, professional status, social relationships and the like, this study attempts a description of the variation registered by the use of greetings and farewells in contemporary Romanian, in formal and informal communication contexts, in relation to three sociolinguistic variables: age, gender and level of education. The resulting analysis indicates that the subjects’ age and level of education generate the highest variation at a formal level, whereas their gender is, on the other hand, responsible for differences at a functional level, as the respective greeting and farewell formulae display different degrees of affective load.
Venez. seda ardass / seda ardasina
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

The terms seda ardass and seda ardasina ‘variety of silk’ frequently appear in the letters of the Venetian merchant Andrea Berengo written in 1555/1556. The etymon is not Persian ārdan ‘raw silk’, but the name of the city of Ağdaş / Aġdaš (with the nisba adjective aġdašī) in central Azerbaijan which was located on the Silk Road and is still known in modern times for its silk production.
Sprachliche Unsicherheit bei unregelmäßigen Superlativbildungen im Spanischen
Authors: Goldschmitt Stefanie , Hesselbach Robert
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the interrelation between the concept of linguistic insecurity described by Labov (1966) and the irregular formation of Spanish superlatives based on Latin roots such as paupérrimo, celebérrimo etc. instead of the analogue formation pobrísimo or celebrísimo. After a brief overview on the frequency of these forms and their alleged regular equivalents in Spanish corpora, a closer look is taken on the speakers’ internal and external aspects of linguistic (in)security. Finally, it is shown by an acceptability test that there are forms on -érrim*, which are not exclusively restricted to the norma culta in Spanish.
Discordance of serological and sonographic markers for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with gold standard histopathology
Authors: Guan Haixia , de Morais Nathalie Silva , Stuart Jessica , Ahmadi Sara , Marqusee Ellen , Kim Mathew I , Alexander Erik K.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To investigate the concordance of serologic and sonographic evidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with its gold standard histopathologic identification.

Design

We performed a retrospective analysis on a cohort of 825 consecutive patients in whom TPOAb and thyroid ultrasound were performed, and in whom thyroid nodule evaluation led to surgical and histopathologic analysis. The presence or absence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on histopathology was correlated with serologic and sonographic markers. We further assessed the impact of low versus high titers of TPOAb upon this concordance.

Results

Of 825 patients, 277 (33.5%) had histologic confirmation of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 235 patients (28.4%) had elevated serum levels of TPOAb, and 197 (23.8%) had sonographic evidence of diffuse heterogeneity. Of those with histopathologic evidence, only 64% had elevated TPOAb (sensitivity: 63.9%; specificity: 89.4%), while only 49% were sonographically diffusely heterogeneous (sensitivity: 49.1%; specificity: 88.9%). A subset of only 102 of 277 (37%) with histologically proven Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was positive for both TPOAb and diffusely heterogeneous. Concordance analysis demonstrated that TPOAb and histopathology had higher agreement (κ = 0.55) than did ultrasound and histopathology (κ = 0.40) for the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Higher titers of TPOAb correlated with a higher likelihood of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, with a best cutoff of 2.11-fold the upper normal level of TPOAb.

Conclusion

Only moderate concordance exists between serological evidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and histopathologic findings, though it increases with higher TPOAb concentration. Diffuse heterogeneity on ultrasound is a less-sensitive diagnostic tool than elevated TPOAb.
Three percent annually on systemic glucocorticoids: facts, worries and perspectives
Authors: Meijer Onno C , Pereira Alberto M
Published: September 2019

A comprehensive study from Denmark established that the systemic use of glucocorticoids hormones has an annual prevalence of 3% and has been stable from 1999 to 2014. We comment on the risk of potentially long-lasting adverse effects, dependent on glucocorticoid receptor overactivation, but also mineralocorticoid receptor under-activation. We discuss the potential effects of glucocorticoid use on efficacy and toxicity of other drugs that are frequently taken concomitantly. We discuss the potential alternatives such as more selective targeting, and novel types of glucocorticoid receptor ligands. We conclude that pending improved therapies more conservative prescription of glucocorticoids may be warranted in clinical practice.
Gåtfullhet i sagalitteraturen
Authors: Sävborg Daniel
Published: September 2019

The article discusses several aspects of the well-known enigmatic character of the Icelandic family sagas. Four cases are examined in detail: the cause of Unnr’s sorrow in the beginning of Njáls saga, the talk between Stýrr and Snorri in the berserks’ episode in Eyrbyggja saga, the identity of Vésteinn’s murderer in Gísla saga, and Guðrún’s enigmatic last words about her love in Laxdoela saga. The use of the enigmatic narrative form in all these cases is discussed. The article argues that this kind of enigmatic episodes in the saga literature should not be interpreted in the same way as enigmatic episodes in modern literary works, where the solution of the mystery is left open. In the sagas, the mystery has a solution, and there is a correct answer. In contrast to modern literature, the mystery in the sagas can always be solved, and the use of enigmas and mysteries is rooted in the literary technique of the sagas. The article analyses and proposes several reasons for the enigmatic narrative style used by the saga authors.
Samer som övernaturliga väsen i fornnordisk litteratur
Authors: Kusmenko Jurij
Published: September 2019

The stereotypical features of the Sámi in Old Scandinavian literature have resulted from the interaction between the real features of the Sámi, features and motifs from Sámi folklore, and the stereotypical characteristics of Scandinavian supernatural beings expressing the idea of “otherness” (referring to giants and dwarves), the prevailing features of the giants being negative (the “hostile others”), the prevailing features of the dwarves being positive (the “friendly others”). However, the borrowing of features is not unidirectional: although the representation of the Sámi in the Scandinavian literature has been influenced by the representation of the giants and dwarves, also the Scandinavian giants and dwarves acquire certain features, originally characteristic of the Sámi.
ZAKAH EMPOWERMENT OPTIMIZATION THROUGH BAITUL IKHTIAR COOPERATION AS AN EFFORT IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN BOGOR REGENCY
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah
Published: September 2019

The Indonesian government and other concerned parties have conducted various programs looking for strategies for poverty alleviation, however, the poverty rate has not decreased significantly. One of zakah based empowerment paradigm is transformation paradigm that is a process in motivating the society with new values which can enlighten the soul, spirit and the common sense, so that they can rediscover their way of life  from being a mustahiq (a person who receives zakah) to muzakki (person who gives zakah).  This empowerment was an important development pillar in stimulating development growth and equality, providing the societies’ welfare, creating jobs opportunity and alleviating poverty.  The research is conducted by surveying the respondents in three sub districts in Bogor Region.  The respondents are 254 mustahik that consists of 66 mustahik vegetables producers in Cibungbulang sub district, 85 mustahik as sate skewers producers in Tenjolaya sub district and 103 mustahik  as  shoes-sandals producers in Taman Sari sub district.  The field research was conducted in 2013.  The research instrument/questionnaire was based on the concept of empowerment and independence.  The method used in the research was descriptive statistic and T-test.
Outgroup Contact in the Process of Leaving Terrorism Qualitative Study of Deradicalization and Disengagement Among Former Jamaah Islamiyah Members in Indonesia
Authors: Saloom Gazi
Published: September 2019

Leaving terrorism is a real thing that happened among Indonesian terrorists. Nevertheless, some experts and laypersons often do not believe that terrorists will leave their groups and their ideology. This study scrutinized leaving terrorism among Indonesia terrorists and push factors that lead to their transformation to be moderate and refuse violence in the pursuit of their goals. This study is based on interviews with five members Jamaah Islamiyah and twenty-five people that are related to them from friends and families. This study confirms that out-groups contact, including the targeted out-groups contact, becomes an important push factor for the subject to leave terrorism. Banyak ahli dan masyarakat umumnya tidak percaya bahwa teroris dapat  meninggalkan ideologi dan kelompoknya. Penelitian  ini mengkaji tentang beberapa mantan teroris Jamaah Islamiah yang meningalkan kegiatan teror serta kelompoknya. Selain itu, penelitian ini  menjelaskan faktor yang mendorong perubahan mereka menjadi kaum moderat dan bahkan menolak kekerasan sebagai cara meraih tujuan politik dan keagamaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan telaah literatur sebagai instrumen utama pengumpul data dan informasi. Narasumber penelitian ini adalah lima mantan anggota Jamaah Islamiyah dan dua puluh lima orang yang dianggap memiliki kaitan yang relevan dengan kelima orang tersebut. Temuan penelitian  menjelaskan bahwa kontak dengan individu di luar jaringan merupakan faktor pendorong krusial yang mendorong individu keluar dari jaringan dan ideologi teror
Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease Using Point-of-Care Testing in Low-Income Setting
Authors: Alvarez Ofelia A. , Hustace Tally , Voltaire Mimose , Mantero Alejandro , Liberus Ulrick , Saint Fleur Rony
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:

Newborn screening provides early diagnosis for children with sickle cell disease (SCD), reducing disease-related mortality. We hypothesized that rapid point-of-care (POC) Sickle SCAN would be reliable in Haiti and would assist newborn screening.

METHODS:

Dried blood specimens were obtained from infant heel sticks and analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) at a public hospital in Cap-Haïtien during a 1-year period. A total of 360 Guthrie cards were also analyzed for quality assurance by high-performance liquid chromatography at the Florida Newborn Screening Laboratory. In addition, two-thirds of the infants were also screened by the POC to assess differences with the IEF. The hemoglobinopathy incidence and the specificity and sensitivity of the POC scan were assessed.

RESULTS:

Overall, 1.48% of the children screened positive for SCD. The specificity and the sensitivity of POC Sickle SCAN were 0.97 (confidence interval 0.95–0.99) and 0.90 (confidence interval 0.55–1.00), respectively, relative to high-performance liquid chromatography gold standard. The confirmatory testing rate was 75% before POC and improved to 87% after POC was added for dual screening. Confirmatory testing revealed that 0.83% of children screened had SCD. Children who screened positive for SCD by POC started penicillin earlier, had their first pediatric follow-up a median of 38 days earlier, and received antipneumococcal vaccination on time when compared with those who screened positive for SCD by IEF alone.

CONCLUSIONS:

The observational study revealed a high incidence of SCD among Haitian newborns. Sickle SCAN had excellent specificity and sensitivity to detect SCD during newborn screening and shortened health care access for children positive for SCD.
Rotavirus Epidemiology and Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Australia: 2010–2017
Authors: Maguire Julia E. , Glasgow Keira , Glass Kathryn , Roczo-Farkas Susie , Bines Julie E. , Sheppeard Vicky , Macartney Kristine , Quinn Helen E.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:

Rotavirus vaccine has been funded for infants under the Australian National Immunisation Program since 2007, with Rotarix vaccine used in New South Wales, Australia, from that time. In 2017, New South Wales experienced a large outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis. We examined epidemiology, genotypic profiles, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) among cases.

METHODS:

Laboratory-confirmed cases of rotavirus notified in New South Wales between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017 were analyzed. VE was estimated in children via a case-control analysis. Specimens from a sample of hospitalized case patients were genotyped and analyzed.

RESULTS:

In 2017, 2319 rotavirus cases were reported, representing a 3.1-fold increase on the 2016 notification rate. The highest rate was among children aged <2 years. For notified cases in 2017, 2-dose VE estimates were 88.4%, 83.7%, and 78.7% in those aged 6 to 11 months, 1 to 3 years, and 4 to 9 years, respectively. VE was significantly reduced from 89.5% within 1 year of vaccination to 77.0% at 5 to 10 years postvaccination. Equinelike G3P[8] (48%) and G8P[8] (23%) were identified as the most common genotypes in case patients aged ≥6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Rotarix is highly effective at preventing laboratory-confirmed rotavirus in Australia, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months. Reduced VE in older age groups and over time suggests waning protection, possibly related to the absence of subclinical immune boosting from continuously circulating virus. G8 genotypes have not been common in Australia, and their emergence, along with equinelike G3P[8], may be related to vaccine-induced selective pressure; however, further strain-specific VE studies are needed.
Acinic Cell Carcinoma-Papillary Cystic Variant with numerous psammoma body: A Case Report
Authors: Daniyah Saleh, MD, Doaa Al ghamdi*, MD
Published: September 2019

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm.Parotid gland is the most common location reaching up to 90% of cases. Papillarycystic variant (PCV) is a much more seldom subtype of ACC. Proper diagnosis ofACC-PCV is only made on histopathology examination. The presence of psammomabody in salivary gland lesions is infrequent finding that may be confused with otherbenign or malignant lesions. The present case describes ACC-PCV in a 31-year-oldSaudi male patient referred to King Abdulaziz University Hospital as post superficialparotidectomy which the patient underwent 3 months ago. This case emphasizesthe importance of distinguishing between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions withnumerous psammoma bodies.Key words: papillary cystic acinic cell carcinoma–psammoma body–histopathology–parotid gland.
Mining Non-Zero-Rare Sequential Patterns On Activity Recognition
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad , Wulandari Chandrawati Putri , Yunanto Wawan , Sari Ghaluh Indah Permata
Published: September 2019

Discovering rare human activity patterns—from triggered motion sensors deliver peculiar information to notify people about hazard situations. This study aims to recognize rare human activities using mining non-zero-rare sequential patterns technique. In particular, this study mines the triggered motion sensor sequences to obtain non-zero-rare human activity patterns—the patterns which most occur in the motion sensor sequences and the occurrence numbers are less than the pre-defined occurrence threshold. This study proposes an algorithm to mine non-zero-rare pattern on human activity recognition called Mining Multi-class Non-Zero-Rare Sequential Patterns (MMRSP).  The experimental result showed that non-zero-rare human activity patterns succeed to capture the unusual activity. Furthermore, the MMRSP performed well according to the precision value of rare activities.
Pause
Authors: Khouri Roger
Published: September 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In this perspective piece, a resident physician discusses the pressure to provide care as quickly as possible and how this pressure conflicts with the goal of providing humanistic care. The lack of time to connect and empathize with patients compromises care and leads to physician burnout. Taking a moment to pause, connect, and empathize may be the most time efficient aspect of any encounter.