bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations of processing the high carbon cold-work tool steel 1.2358 by laser metal deposition for the additive manufacturing of cold forging tools
Authors: Hentschel O. , Scheitler C. , Fedorov A. , Junker D. , Gorunov A. , Haimerl A. , Merklein M. , Schmidt M.
Published: May 2017

In the field of tool making, Laser Beam Melting of metals has been already used to fabricate injection moulds with complex inner cooling channels made out of the low-carbon maraging tool steel X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5 (1.2709). Furthermore, laser metal deposition (LMD) is an established technology for the repair of worn-out tools and the deposition of wear resistance coatings based on metal matrix composites. However, at the moment, the processing of high-carbon tool steels for the additive manufacturing of complete cold forging tools has only been investigated to a limited extent. Within the scope of the presented research, the processing of the high-carbon cold-work tool steel 60CrMoV18-5 (1.2358) by LMD is analyzed in detail. In this context, geometrically simple cuboidal structures are directly generated on dissimilar substrate plates made out of the hot-work tool steel X37CrMoV5-1(1.2343) via the application of various process parameter combinations. The manufactured cuboidal structures are metallographically prepared and subsequently analyzed with respect to substrate bonding, relative density, defect formation, microstructure, chemical composition, and microhardness. In this context, the influence of the particle size distribution of the used tool steel powder on the LMD process itself and the resulting relative density are extensively researched. For this purpose, high-speed camera measurements of the powder particle stream were conducted in order to determine both the powder particle stream diameter and the lateral powder particle distribution with regard to the distance z from the powder nozzle. Furthermore, the influence of an additional substrate preheating (maximum preheating temperature of 400 °C) on the resulting microstructure and hardness of the additively generated samples is the subject of the presented investigations.
Asunción Rangel, La pulsión por el viaje de José Emilio Pacheco: su periplo al romanticismo. Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 2013; 147 pp.
Authors: Alemany Bay Carmen
Published: May 2017

Se reseñó el libro: La pulsión por el viaje de José Emilio Pacheco: su periplo al romanticismo
Young women and men of Arab Mediterranean background in Italy: Transnational involvement of second generation youth in the Arab uprisings
Authors:   University of Milano-Bicocca, Camozzi Ilenya , Cherubini Daniela ,   University of Milano-Bicocca, Leccardi Carmen ,   University of Milano-Bicocca, Rivetti Paola ,   Dublin City University
Published: May 2017

This paper examines the results of qualitative research with young people of Arab Mediterranean background living in Milan, Italy, and their experiences related to the socalled Arab uprisings and their aftermath from a gendered transnational perspective. Drawing on interviews and on the analysis of online sources, the case study explores the form and extent of the transnational engagement of these young people and their views of the uprisings and the current events unfolding in the region. The paper aims at highlighting the different ways these young women and men take part in the social, cultural and political changes in their parents’ homeland. It also explores the impact of these key historical events on young people’s projects and biography, on their political values and behaviours, on the construction of their identity and their sense of belonging. The analysis contributes to the debate on transnationalism, taking the perspective of the so-called “second generation” emerging from international migration.
Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate in a long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation administered to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Laniesse Delphine , Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Knych Heather K. , Smith Dale A. , Mosley Cornelia , Paul-Murphy Joanne R. , Beaufrère Hugues
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate incorporated into poloxamer 407 (P407) after SC administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

ANIMALS 11 adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (6 males and 5 females; 11 to 27 years old).

PROCEDURES A sterile formulation of butorphanol in P407 (But-P407) 25% (percentage determined as [weight of P407/weight of diluent] × 100]) was created (8.3 mg/mL). Five preliminary experiments (2 birds/experiment) were performed to determine the ideal dose for this species. The formulation then was administered (12.5 mg/kg, SC) to 8 birds. Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and 0.08, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after drug administration. Some birds were used more than once, with a washout period of ≥ 3 months between subsequent treatments. Butorphanol concentrations were quantitated by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by use of noncompartmental analysis.

RESULTS Maximal plasma butorphanol concentration was reached at 1.31 hours. Plasma concentrations of butorphanol remained > 100 ng/mL for > 3 hours (all birds) or > 4 hours (5/8 birds) but < 8 hours (all birds). Half-life of the terminal slope was 3.41 hours. No adverse effects were detected.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Butorphanol was absorbed well from the But-P407 25% by Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, and absorption followed a pharmacokinetic profile compatible with a sustained-release drug. A dose of 12.5 mg/kg, SC, would theoretically provide analgesia for 4 to 8 hours. No adverse effects were detected. Studies on the pharmacodynamics of this formulation are necessary to confirm the degree and duration of analgesia.
Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin for prophylactic administration to dogs
Authors: Gonzalez Omar J. , Renberg Walter C. , Roush James K. , KuKanich Butch , Warner Matt
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacokinetics of cefazolin after IV injection of cefazolin (22 mg/kg) and after simultaneous IV and IM injections of cefazolin (total dose, 44 mg/kg) to dogs.

ANIMALS 12 adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES Dogs (6/group) were assigned to receive a single injection of cefazolin (IV group; 22 mg/kg, IV) or simultaneous injections (IV + IM group; 22 mg/kg, IV, and 22 mg/kg, IM). Interstitial fluid was collected over a 5-hour period by use of ultrafiltration probes for pharmacokinetic analysis.

RESULTS Mean cefazolin concentration in the interstitial fluid at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after injection was 39.6, 29.1, 21.2, 10.3, 6.4, and 2.7 μg/mL, respectively, for the IV group and 38.3, 53.3, 46.4, 31.7, 19.1, and 8.9 μg/mL, respectively, for the IV + IM group. Mean area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity, maximum concentration, half-life, and time to maximum concentration was 74.99 and 154.16 h·μg/mL, 37.3 and 51.5 μg/mL, 0.96 and 1.11 hours, and 1.28 and 1.65 hours, respectively, for the IV and IV + IM groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cefazolin concentrations in interstitial fluid of dogs were maintained at > 4 μg/mL for 4 hours after a single IV injection and for 5 hours after simultaneous IV and IM injections. Therefore, simultaneous IV and IM administration of cefazolin 30 to 60 minutes before surgery should provide interstitial fluid concentrations effective against the most common commensal organisms (Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp) on the skin of dogs for surgical procedures lasting ≤ 4 hours.
Biomechanical evaluation of two plating configurations for fixation of a simple transverse caudal mandibular fracture model in cats
Authors: Greiner Christopher L. , Verstraete Frank J. M. , Stover Susan M. , Garcia Tanya C. , Leale Dustin , Arzi Boaz
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate biomechanical properties of intact feline mandibles, compared with those for mandibles with an experimentally created osteotomy that was stabilized with 1 of 2 internal fixation configurations.

SAMPLE 20 mandibles from 10 adult feline cadavers.

PROCEDURES An incomplete block study design was used to assign the mandibles of each cadaver to 2 of 3 groups (locking plate with locking screws [locking construct], locking plate with nonlocking screws [nonlocking construct], or intact). Within each cadaver, mandibles were randomly assigned to the assigned treatments. For mandibles assigned to the locking and nonlocking constructs, a simple transverse osteotomy was created caudal to the mandibular first molar tooth after plate application. All mandibles were loaded in cantilever bending in a single-load-to-failure test while simultaneously recording load and actuator displacement. Mode of failure (bone or plate failure) was recorded, and radiographic evidence of tooth root and mandibular canal damage was evaluated. Mechanical properties were compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTS Stiffness, bending moments, and most post-yield energies for mandibles with the locking and nonlocking constructs were significantly lower than those for intact mandibles. Peak bending moment and stiffness for mandibles with the locking construct were significantly greater than those for mandibles with the nonlocking construct. Mode of failure and frequency of screw damage to tooth roots and the mandibular canal did not differ between the locking and nonlocking constructs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that both fixation constructs were mechanically inferior to intact mandibles. The locking construct was mechanically stronger than the nonlocking construct.
Culture Differences of Indonesia Ethnic Minorities in Non-verbal Communication
Authors: Roslidah Navila , Komara Indra
Published: May 2017

Indonesia’s islands are homes to a diverse ethnic and religious group which have given rise to a large number of cultural practices. Despite their cultural wealth, Indonesian Ethnic Minorities have been facing many problems regarding their cultural heritage existence. Most of their problems occur due to the inharmonious relationship between them and the government.  Therefore, cultural approach is needed as a means to bridge the gap between the indigenous groups with the government by socialising the cultural aspects in the academic environment. By doing so, people from academic environment can take part in preserving those cultures by joining some performances, learning to play traditional instruments and raising awareness in the society. As a result, people in academic environment will have a chance to show the government that those cultural heritages need to be preserved. At the same time, the Ethnic Minorities will understand that there are some people who are aware of the cultural values. In the end, the Ethnic Minorities can work hand in hand with the government in the cultural preservation and development.Keywords: Culture, communication, Ethnic Minorities
Organisational Information Security Strategy: Review, Discussion and Future Research
Authors: Horne Craig A. , Maynard Sean B. , Ahmad Atif
Published: May 2017

Dependence on information, including for some of the world’s largest organisations such as governments and multi-national corporations, has grown rapidly in recent years. However, reports of information security breaches and their associated consequences indicate that attacks are escalating on organisations conducting these information-based activities. Organisations need to formulate strategy to secure their information, however gaps exist in knowledge. Through a thematic review of academic security literature, (1) we analyse the antecedent conditions that motivate the adoption of a comprehensive information security strategy, (2) the conceptual elements of strategy and (3) the benefits that are enjoyed post-adoption. Our contributions include a definition of information security strategy that moves from an internally-focussed protection of information towards a strategic view that considers the organisation, its resources and capabilities, and its external environment. Our findings are then used to suggest future research directions.
Registration of ‘Earl’ Hard White Winter Wheat
Authors: Carter A. H. , Kidwell K. K. , Balow K. A. , Burke A. , Shelton G. B. , Higginbotham R. W. , DeMacon V. , Lewien M. J. , Chen X. M. , Engle D. A. , Morris C. F.
Published: May 2017

End‐use quality and yield potential are the most important traits for hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars produced in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The objective for the development of ‘Earl’ (Reg. No. CV‐1127, PI 680639) was to provide a hard white winter cultivar that meets end‐use quality expectations and performs well agronomically. Earl was developed and released in September 2014 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. It was tested under the experimental designations LasWA8061‐75, and WA8184, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Earl is a semidwarf cultivar adapted for the intermediate‐ to high‐rainfall (>400 mm of average annual precipitation), unirrigated wheat production regions of Washington. Earl has high‐temperature, adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust, above‐average grain protein concentration, and high grain volume weight with end‐use quality properties similar to those of hard red winter wheat cultivars ‘Bauermeister’, ‘Finley’, and ‘Whetstone’.
Cirrus Airframe Parachute System and Odds of a Fatal Accident in Cirrus Aircraft Crashes
Authors: Alaziz Mustafa , Stolfi Adrienne , Olson Dean M.
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION: General aviation (GA) accidents have continued to demonstrate high fatality rates. Recently, ballistic parachute recovery systems (BPRS) have been introduced as a safety feature in some GA aircraft. This study evaluates the effectiveness and associated factors of
the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS) at reducing the odds of a fatal accident in Cirrus aircraft crashes.METHODS: Publicly available Cirrus aircraft crash reports were obtained from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database for the period of January 1, 2001–December
31, 2016. Accident metrics were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses regarding odds of a fatal accident and use of the parachute system.RESULTS: Included in the study were 268 accidents. For CAPS nondeployed accidents, 82 of 211 (38.9%) were fatal as compared to
8 of 57 (14.0%) for CAPS deployed accidents. After controlling for all other factors, the adjusted odds ratio for a fatal accident when CAPS was not deployed was 13.1.DISCUSSION: The substantial increased odds of a fatal accident when CAPS was not deployed demonstrated the effectiveness
of CAPS at providing protection of occupants during an accident. Injuries were shifted from fatal to serious or minor with the use of CAPS and postcrash fires were significantly reduced. These results suggest that BPRS could play a significant role in the next major advance in improving GA
accident survival.Alaziz M, Stolfi A, Olson DM. Cirrus Airframe Parachute System and odds of a fatal accident in Cirrus aircraft crashes. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):556–564.
Sunlight Exposure, Work Hours, Caffeine Consumption, and Sleep Duration in the Naval Environment
Authors: Shattuck Nita L. , Matsangas Panagiotis
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND: Sailors in the U.S. Navy are habitual shiftworkers, often experiencing circadian misalignment due to their irregular work/rest schedules. This study assessed the effect of sunlight exposure, work hours, and caffeinated beverage consumption on the daily sleep duration
of crewmembers of a U.S. Navy ship during a 2-wk underway period.METHODS: Working in an artificially lit area with no access to sunlight during work hours, U.S. Navy crew members (N = 91) used daily logs to report their daily activity, caffeinated beverage consumption, and
exposure to sunlight while off-duty; sleep was assessed by wrist-worn actigraphy.RESULTS: Hours of sunlight exposure, work duration, and the amount of coffee/tea/soft drinks were statistically significant predictors of sleep duration. On average, crewmembers who reported more than
one half-hour of sunlight each day slept on average ∼40 min (10%) less than their peers working the same shifts who received less than one half-hour of sunlight (on average 6.05 ± 0.90 h vs. 6.71 ± 0.91 h, respectively).DISCUSSION: Exposure to sunlight, work hours,
and consumption of caffeinated beverages are important factors when planning watchstanding schedules at sea. Even though further research is needed, our results suggest that even brief exposure to sunlight may contribute to circadian misalignment that negatively affects sleep in the operational
environment. Educating crewmembers about sleep hygiene, especially the important roles played by sunlight and caffeine, could potentially improve the sleep and fatigue levels of this population of maritime shiftworkers.Shattuck NL, Matsangas P. Sunlight exposure, work hours, caffeine
consumption, and sleep duration in the naval environment. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):579–585.
Relaxation with Immersive Natural Scenes Presented Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Anderson Allison P. , Mayer Michael D. , Fellows Abigail M. , Cowan Devin R. , Hegel Mark T. , Buckey Jay C.
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) can provide exposure to nature for those living in isolated confined environments. We evaluated VR-presented natural settings for reducing stress and improving mood.METHODS: There were 18 participants (9 men, 9 women), ages 32 ±
12 yr, who viewed three 15-min 360° scenes (an indoor control, rural Ireland, and remote beaches). Subjects were mentally stressed with arithmetic before scenes. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability measured psycho-physiological arousal. The Positive and Negative Affect
Schedule and the 15-question Modified Reality Judgment and Presence Questionnaire (MRJPQ) measured mood and scene quality.RESULTS: Reductions in EDA from baseline were greater at the end of the natural scenes compared to the control scene (−0.59, −0.52, and 0.32 μS,
respectively). The natural scenes reduced negative affect from baseline (Δ = 1.2 and Δ = 1.1 points), but the control scene did not (Δ = 0.4 points). MRJPQ scores for the control scene were lower than both natural scenes (4.9, 6.7, and 6.5 points, respectively). Within the two natural scenes, the preferred
scene reduced negative affect (Δ = 2.4 points) more than the second choice scene (Δ = 1.8 points) and scored higher on the MRJPQ (6.8 vs. 6.4 points).DISCUSSION: Natural scene VR provided relaxation both objectively and subjectively, and scene preference had a significant effect on mood
and perception of scene quality. VR may enable relaxation for people living in isolated confined environments, particularly when matched to personal preferences.Anderson AP, Mayer MD, Fellows AM, Cowan DR, Hegel MT, Buckey JC. Relaxation with immersive natural scenes presented using virtual reality. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):520526.
A support vector machine method for bid/no bid decision making
Authors: SONMEZ Rifat , SÖZGEN Burak
Published: May 2017

The bid/no bid decision is an important and complex process, and is impacted by numerous variables that are related to the contractor, project, client, competitors, tender and market conditions. Despite the complexity of bid decision making process, in the construction industry the majority of bid/no bid decisions is made informally based on experience, judgment, and perception. In this paper, a procedure based on support vector machines and backward elimination regression is presented for improving the existing bid decision making methods. The method takes advan­tage of the strong generalization properties of support vector machines and attempts to further enhance generalization performance by eliminating insignificant input variables. The method is implemented for bid/no bid decision making of offshore oil and gas platform fabrication projects to achieve a parsimonious support vector machine classifier. The performance of the support vector machine classifier is compared with the performances of the worth evaluation model, linear regression, and neural network classifiers. The results show that the support vector machine classifier outperforms existing methods significantly, and the proposed procedure provides a powerful tool for bid/no bid decision making. The results also reveal that elimination of the insignificant input variables improves generalization performance of the sup­port vector machines.
The effect of carbon and polypropylene fibers on thermal shock resistance of the refractory castable
Authors: ANTONOVIČ Valentin , WITEK Jerzy , MAČIULAITIS Romualdas , BORIS Renata , STONYS Rimvydas
Published: May 2017

This work investigates medium cement refractory castable with additives of carbon and polypropylene fibers. The peculiarities of microstructure changes in the fiber and castable matrix contact zone, channel formation, and changes of cold crushing strength of fiber additives, which have a refractory castable matrix under temperature treatment, were investigated. The investigation results allowed to predict that using a mix of fibers more effective than using them indi­vidually. The influence of fiber additives on the mechanical characteristics and thermal shock resistance of the refractory castable with fiber additives was tested. It was found that the addition of carbon fiber has a positive impact on the ther­mal shock resistance of the investigated castable, which is confirmed by the results obtained by thermal cycling, as well as by the values calculated for thermal shock resistance R4 and Rst. In addition, the results of the investigation of thermal cycling show that the value of the thermal shock resistance was highest when a mixed fiber additive (CF+PP) was used.
Détroit, ville techno : analyse musicale et géographique d’une ville noire en pleine mutation
Authors: Benabdellah Alia
Published: May 2017

La techno est née dans la communauté noire de Détroit aux États-Unis. Cet article décrit un terreau fertile à l’émergence de cette musique à la lumière de la géographie radicale (W. Bunge) et de la géographie féministe, d’abord prise dans le tissu urbain puis internationalisée à différentes échelles. Le texte éclaire alors les raisons de l’attachement des musiciens et du public à leur ville, puis donne en exemple le collectif Underground Resistance, incarnation la plus emblématique du genre musical engagé.
Paroles d’attachement et paroles attachantes : dire et composer les territoires de la musique contemporaine
Authors: Lethurgez Florence
Published: May 2017

La composition musicale intègre l’expérience territoriale à travers une succession d’épreuves et d’opportunités, d’autant que la musique contemporaine est fondée sur la déterritorialisation et le renouvellement des scènes. L’approche sociologique retenue pour ce travail porte sur un échantillon de jeunes femmes japonaises venues étudier la composition en France, qui se répartissent en trois manières d’arpenter le monde et de s’attacher aux territoires : trajectoires, itinéraires, parcours.
Renouons avec les enjeux critiques de l’Analyse du Discours. Vers les Études du discours
Authors: Angermuller Johannes
Published: May 2017

Cette contribution identifie deux tendances à l’œuvre parmi les chercheurs qui constituent ce champ : la spécialisation disciplinaire, dont témoigne l’évolution de l’Analyse du Discours en tant que sous-champ des sciences du langage ; l’approche transdisciplinaire à travers ce qui a donné naissance à un nouveau champ, les Études du discours (ou Discourse Studies ). L’Analyse du Discours est bien établie depuis les années 1970 en France et au Royaume-Uni alors que les Études du discours sont un phénomène aux contours encore flous. Dans la mesure où le discours est constitutif de la vie sociale, il ne peut se réduire à un objet dont on peut rendre compte moyennant le savoir spécialisé d’une seule discipline. En retraçant la carrière pluridisciplinaire du « discours », on rappelle les ambitions transdisciplinaires qui ont marqué l’Analyse du Discours à ses origines et qui trouvent ses prolongements aujourd’hui dans le débat théorique autour du poststructuralisme. Dans l’objectif de réinscrire ces enjeux épistémologiques et intellectuels dans le champ pluridisciplinaire et international que sont les Études du discours, on interroge la problématique du « discours » dans les espaces disciplinaires des sciences du langage, des sciences sociales et des humanités.
La sociologie du langage. Perspectives d’un champ émergent
Authors: Angermuller Johannes , Glady Marc
Published: May 2017

En affirmant l’intérêt d’une « sociologie du langage », nous souhaitons interroger l’identité propre, les problématiques et les frontières de ce champ. Trois objectifs traversent donc cette contribution : passer en revue différentes tentatives de fondation, définir les défis et problématiques de ce champ aujourd’hui et finalement donner une idée de possibles cadrages de l’analyse à travers deux exemples de terrains, auxquels est appliqué ce programme de recherche. Si notre cartographie commence par discuter les approches macro et micro aux États-Unis, au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne et en France (première partie), elle ne manquera pas de constater les limites d’une vision binaire qui oppose les niveaux macro et microsociologiques et montrera comment il convient d’aller au-delà, en mettant l’accent sur les pratiques langagières (deuxième partie). Nous illustrons cette proposition en présentant deux exemples de recherches sociologiques dans la troisième partie : le premier touchant aux pratiques d’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi comme pratiques de production de nouvelles formes d’individuation contemporaines (Glady), le second portant sur la recherche académique comme une pratique discursive de positionnement des chercheurs (Angermuller). Dans ces travaux, nous partons de l’idée que le social se réalise à travers les pratiques langagières et que les pratiques langagières sont des pratiques sociales. Nous démarquant des linguistes formalistes, nous nous passons de la notion de « langue » comme un système abstrait de règles et de possibilités grammaticales. Nous adoptons l’idée que le langage est une activité humaine qui puise dans un stock de ressources linguistiques pour réaliser les pratiques sociales.
Pratiques discursives et interactionnelles en contexte numérique. Questionnements linguistiques
Authors: Develotte Christine , Paveau Marie-Anne
Published: May 2017

Cet article propose une mise au point sur les travaux menés sur les discours numériques natifs essentiellement en France depuis les années 1990, dans les disciplines liées à la revue Langage & Société . On propose d’abord une vue d’ensemble des rapports entre sciences du langage et communication électronique et numérique. On insiste ensuite sur les apports notables des sciences de l’information et de la communication aux traitements linguistiques des données numériques. On formule ensuite les questions posées par les productions électroniques/numériques aux sciences du langage dans leurs dimensions sociolangagières. On décrit enfin des propositions élaborées actuellement pour rendre compte des spécificités des discours numériques natifs sous l’angle discursif et interactionnel.
A Method for Optimal Synthesis of a Biomimetic Four-Bar Linkage Knee Joint for a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis
Authors: Bapat Ganesh M. , Sujatha S.
Published: May 2017

A Knee-Ankle-Foot orthosis (KAFO) is used as a supportive device by individuals with lower limb disability. A type of KAFO that allows knee flexion-extension is prescribed for people who need knee stability in the transverse and frontal planes. In such an orthosis, mimicking the human knee motion is vital to avoid relative motion (called pistoning) between the limb and the orthosis. A four-bar mechanism, owing to its polycentric nature, simplicity and ease of fabrication can provide a customizable, biomimetic solution. This paper presents an improved and robust optimization approach to synthesize a four-bar mechanism to closely mimic the anatomical knee motion. The reference human knee centrode is obtained from literature. A genetic algorithm is used for optimal synthesis of the fourbar mechanism. Results show that the average error between the reference centrode and the centrode of the synthesized four-bar mechanism is very small (0.2 mm). Thus, the synthesized crossed four-bar linkage can reproduce better anthropomorphic characteristics of the knee joint. The methodology can be used for the design of customized orthotic knee joints for KAFOs and knee braces.
Finite Element Simulation of Bending Stress on Involute Spur Gear Tooth Profiles
Authors: Oladejo Kolawole Adesola , Adetan Dare Aderibigbe , Ajayi Ayobami Samuel , Aderinola Oluwasanmi Oluwagbenga
Published: May 2017

This study investigated bending stress distribution on involute spur gear tooth profiles with pressure angle of 20 ̊ but different modules 2.5, 4.0 and 6.0 mm, using a finite-element-based simulation package - AutoFEA JL Analyzer. The drafting of the geometry for the three gear tooth profiles were implemented on the platform of VB-AutoCAD customized environment, before importing to the package. These were separately subjected to analysis for bending stresses for a point at the tooth fillet region with appropriate settings of material property, load and boundary conditions. With the same settings, the bending stresses were computed analytically using American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) established equation. The results of the two approaches were in good agreement, with maximum relative deviation of 4.38%. This informed the confidence in the implementation of the package to investigate the variation of bending stress within the gear tooth profile. The simulation revealed decrease in the bending stresses at the investigated regions with increase in the module of the involute spur-gear. The study confirms that Finite element simulation of stresses on gear tooth can be obtained accurately and quickly with the AutoFEA JL Analyzer.
Development of a Computer Aided Beam Deflection Analysis (CABDA) Program for Simply Supported Loaded Beams
Authors: Ibhadode Osezua Obehi , Dagwa Ishaya Musa , Asibor Jude Odianosen , Omo-Oghogho Eghosa
Published: May 2017

Beam-like members such as shafts, levers, frame components, beam structures, etc. are regularly designed and constructed in the field of mechanical and civil engineering. It is pertinent to know the structural integrity of the design before construction or fabrication. Beam deflection and stress calculations can be cumbersome and results from commercial simulation packages are not devoid of truncation and/or round-off errors because they are based on numerical schemes. To reduce or eliminate these issues, a computational tool, CABDA, has been designed and developed on matlab. The algorithm is based on analytic equations of beam deflection and bending stress theories; a design flow chart and graphic user interface were done to implement the algorithm. Experiments and simulations have been carried out for steel and brass rectangular beams which were compared with results obtained from CABDA for the same beam model. Average deflection errors recorded for steel beam are-0.4 and-0.015; for brass beam are-0.69 and-0.1 for experiment and simulation respectively. Average bending stress error recorded is-0.19 for simulation. It is observable that simulation results compare closely but CABDA gives exact results and therefore is very appropriate for simple beam problems.
Application of Corn Stalk Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in the Production of Interlocking Paving Stones
Authors: Raheem Akeem Ayinde , Adedokun Solomon I. , Adeyinka E.A. , Adewole B.V.
Published: May 2017

In an attempt to reuse and convert agro wastes into useful materials for the construction industry, this research considered the application of corn stalk ash (CSA) as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the production of interlocking paving stones. The study investigated the oxide composition of CSA to ascertain its suitability as a pozzolanic material. Some properties of paving stones with CSA as a replacement for OPC were examined. The results showed that CSA is a good pozzolana having satisfied the required standards. The compressive strength of the specimens with replacement levels ranging from 5 to 25% cured for periods of 3–56 days was lower at early curing time but improved significantly at later age. 10% replacement level showed increased strength compared to 0% CSA at 28 days curing period. Density decreased with increasing ash content, water absorption rate increased with increased CSA contents, while abrasion resistance increased with increasing amount of CSA substitutions. The test results revealed that CSA paving stones can attain higher strength than the conventional ones at longer curing periods, due to its pozzolanic reactions.
Detection and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from chickens and humans
Authors: Reddy Samantha , Zishiri Oliver T.
Published: May 2017

Campylobacter spp. are common pathogenic bacteria in both veterinary and human medicine. Infections caused by Campylobacter spp. are usually treated using antibiotics. However, the injudicious use of antibiotics has been proven to spearhead the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from chickens and human clinical cases in South Africa. One hundred and sixty one isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were collected from chickens and human clinical cases and then screened for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. We observed a wide distribution of the tetO gene, which confers resistance to tetracycline. The gyrA genes that are responsible quinolone resistance were also detected. Finally, our study also detected the presence of the blaOXA-61, which is associated with ampicillin resistance. There was a higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of the studied antimicrobial resistance genes in chicken faeces compared with human clinical isolates. The tetO gene was the most prevalent gene detected, which was isolated at 64% and 68% from human and chicken isolates, respectively. The presence of gyrA genes was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with quinolone resistance. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the presence of gyrA (235 bp), gyrA (270 bp), blaOXA-61 and tetO antimicrobial resistance genes in C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from chickens and human clinical cases. This indicates that Campylobacter spp. have the potential of resistance to a number of antibiotic classes.
Критерий наилучшего равномерного приближения наипростейшими дробями в терминах альтернанса. II
Authors: Komarov Mikhail Anatol'evich
Published: May 2017

В задаче аппроксимации вещественных функций $f$ наипростейшими дробями порядка $\le n$ на отрезках $K=[c-\varrho,c+\varrho]\subset\mathbb{R}$ получен критерий наилучшего равномерного приближения, аналогичный теореме П. Л. Чебышeва об альтернансе и заметно обобщающий предшествующие результаты: при том же условии $z_j^*\notin B(c,\varrho)=z\colon|z-c|\le \varrho\}$ на полюсы $z_j^*$ дроби $\rho^*(n,f,K;x)$ наилучшего приближения, снято ограничение $k=n$ на порядок $k$ этой дроби. Для случая аппроксимации нечетных функций на отрезках $[-\varrho,\varrho]$ получен аналогичный критерий, но с существенно ослабленным условием на расположение полюсов $z_j^*$: круг $B(0,\varrho)$ заменяется областью, ограниченной содержащейся в нем лемнискатой. Даны приложения этого результата. Основные теоремы обобщены на случай взвешенных приближений. Дана некоторая оценка снизу расстояния от $\mathbb{R}^+$ до множества полюсов всех наипростейших дробей порядка $\le n$, нормированных с весом $2\sqrt x$ на $\mathbb{R}^+$ (весовой аналог задачи Е. А. Горина для полуоси).
Библиография: 18 наименований.
Composição de custos de implantação e operação de centrais de valorização de resíduos sólidos urbanos secos
Authors: Nogueira Martins Karen , Soares da Cruz Carine , Lima Couto Maria Claudia
Published: May 2017

The present study aimed to propose a cost composition for deployment and operation of a valuation central of municipal dry solid waste (VCSW) by presenting infrastructure criteria and necessary equipment for these plants, and to assess possible areas for implementation of the same. VCSW aims to add value through storage, processing and beneficiation of recyclable materials from cooperatives and associations of collectors. With the implementation of the VCSW the recyclable can be sold for higher prices, increasing profit for collectors. From the literature it was presented criteria infrastructure and equipment needed for VCSW operating. Areas from Transfer Stations (TS) of the program “ES sem Lixão” were assessed as possible sites for implantation of the VCSW and found that all TS would present available area. After calculating the financial resources to be invested for the implementation and operation of VCSW was concluded that should be considered environmental resources saved due to the materials recovery.
Exporting British Policing during the Second World War
Authors: Emsley Clive
Published: May 2017

Exporting British Policing is a comprehensive study of British military policing in liberated Europe during the Second World War. Preventing and detecting thefts, receiving and profiteering together with the maintenance of order in its broadest sense are, in the peacetime world, generally confided to the police. However, the Second World War witnessed the use of civilian police to create a detective division of the British Army’s Military Police (SIB), and the use of British civilian police, alongside American police, as Civil Affairs Officers to restore order and civil administration.

Part One follows the men of the SIB from their pre-war careers to confrontations with mafiosi and their investigations into widespread organised crime and war crimes during which they were constantly hampered by being seen as a Cinderella service commanded by ‘temporary gentlemen’. Part Two focuses on the police officers who served in Civil Affairs who tended to come from higher ranks in the civilian police than those who served in SIB. During the war they occupied towns with the assault troops, and then sought to reorganise local administration; at the end of the war in the British Zones of Germany and Austria they sought to turn both new Schutzmänner and police veterans of the Third Reich into British Bobbies.

Using memoirs and anecdotes, Emsley critically draws on the subjective experiences of these police personnel, assessing the successes of these wartime efforts for preventing and investigating crimes such as theft and profiteering and highlighting the importance of historical precedent, given current difficulties faced by international policing organizations in enforcing democratic police reform in post-conflict societies.
Religion, Equality and Employment in Europe
Authors: Alidadi Katayoun
Published: May 2017

The management of religious and ideological diversity remains a key challenge of our time—deeply entangled with debates about the nature of liberal democracy, equality, social cohesion, minorities and nationalism, security and foreign policy. This book explores this challenge at the level of the workplace in Europe. People do not surrender their religion of belief at the gates of their workplace, nor should they be required to do so. But what are the limits of accommodating religious belief in the workplace, particularly when it clashes with other fundamental rights and freedoms?

Using a comparative and socio-legal approach that emphasises the practical role of human rights, anti-discrimination law and employment protection, this book argues for an enforceable right to reasonable accommodation on the grounds of religion and belief in the workplace in Europe. In so doing, it draws on the case law of Europe’s two supranational courts, three country studies—Belgium, the Netherlands and the UK—as well as developments in the US and Canada. By offering the first book-length treatment of the issue, it will be of significance to academics, students, policy-makers, business leaders and anyone interested in a deeper understanding of the potentials and limits of European and Western inclusion, freedom and equality in a multicultural context.
No Support for the Watching Eyes Effect Across Three "Lost Letter" Field Experiments
Authors: Manesi Zoi , Pollet Thomas V.
Published: May 2017

The watching eyes effect has been hotly debated in recent years. Interestingly, field studies often reveal strong effects of eye images on various forms of prosociality. Here, we explored the watching eyes effect on prosociality - in terms of lost letter return rates. We conducted three field experiments, in which we dropped a total of 540 letters in 13 different neighborhoods in the Netherlands (six of high SES and seven of low SES). The envelopes had printed stylized eyes, flowers (or no logo, for Experiments 1 and 2). Combined analysis of all three experiments revealed no significant effect of eye images on lost letter return rates. There was also no interaction between eyes and SES but also no main effect of SES levels on lost letter return rates. Overall, these null results suggest that minimal cues to being watched may not be that powerful in promoting forms of prosociality that entail a certain cost and do not have obvious benefits for the individual, such as return of lost letters.
Early detection of breast cancer: the role of risk perception and family history
Authors: Ribeiro Seabra Carolina , Peuker Ana Carolina , Armiliato Maria Júlia , Alves de Souza Miguel Luis , Kern de Castro Elisa
Published: May 2017

Background: Breast cancer is the neoplasm with the highest mortality rates among Brazilian women. Family history plays an important role in tracking the illness because its analysis reveals possible genetic risks. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the risk perception and self-care for breast cancer among healthy women with and without family history. Method: The study included 211 women (mean age = 59.11 years, SD = 8.54) of which 55 (26.4%) had a family history of the illness. The instruments used were a sociodemographic and health behavior questionnaire and a risk perception questionnaire. Results and Conclusions: The results showed no significant differences in risk perception and self-care behavior among women with and without breast cancer history, signaling the need of guidelines for psychologists to act in breast cancer prevention among women with a family history, encompassing understanding of the risk factors and causes of the illness as well as women’s responsibility in tracking.
Escala de estrategias de enfrentamento para cuidadores primarios informales de pacientes con cáncer
Authors: Sagrario Espinoza-Salgado Fatima , Reyes-Lagunes Isabel , Velasco-Rojano Eduardo , Bravo-González María Cristina , Ramírez Ramírez Armando
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: Analizar propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo instrumento válido y confiable, que evalúa las estrategias de enfrentamiento en cuidadores primarios informales (CPI) de pacientes oncológicos. El Instrumento de Estrategias de Enfrentamiento en Cuidadores Primarios Informales (IEECPI), consta de 2 factores (Dirigido a la emoción) y 3 indicadores (Dirigido al problema). Método: Se evaluó a 20 CPI de pacientes oncológicos mediante un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas, para obtener información sobre la conceptualización de las dimensiones teóricas de las estrategias de enfrentamiento obteniendo 216 indicadores, agrupados en dos categorías (Dirigido a la emoción y al problema), de los cuales se generaron 55 reactivos que se aplicaron a 255 CPI. Una vez obtenidos los datos se siguió el procedimiento propuesto por Nunnally y Bernstein (1994) y el de Reyes-Lagunes, García y Barragán (2008) que consiste en: Análisis de frecuencia de cada reactivo, para conocer el tipo de distribución predominante, discriminación y direccionalidad de los reactivos, confiabilidad inicial, análisis de correlación, análisis factorial y confiabilidad total y por factores. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que de los 55 reactivos iniciales, posterior al análisis estadístico, finalmente se obtuvieron 15 reactivos divididos en 2 factores (Dirigido a la emoción evitativo y Dirigido a la emoción emocional negativo) y 3 indicadores (Dirigido al problema directo, Dirigido al problema revaluación cognitiva positiva y Revaluación cognitiva negativa). Conclusión: El IEECPI, es un instrumento válido, confiable y culturalmente relevante para evaluar estrategias de enfrentamiento en CPI de pacientes oncológicos y detectar necesidades con necesidad de intervención.
Competencia para el cuidado en el hogar diada persona con cáncer en quimioterapia. Cuidador familiar
Authors: Milena Sánchez Laura , Mabel Car Gloria
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de competencia para el cuidado en el hogar de la diada persona con cáncer en quimioterapia y su cuidador familiar. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal. Participaron 80 diadas que asistieron a los servicios de Hemato-oncología en Floridablanca (Colombia). Se utilizó la ficha de caracterización de la Diada cuidador-persona con enfermedad crónica y competencia para el cuidado en el hogar de la persona con enfermedad crónica/cuidador familiar. Resultados: Las diadas de cuidado en su mayoría son mujeres, de estratos socioeconómicos medios, con niveles de escolaridad medios; ocupación hogar y jubilados. La competencia para el cuidado en el hogar de la diada en general y por dimensiones presenta puntajes medios, siendo ligeramente más baja en las personas con cáncer en quimioterapia respecto a los cuidadores. Se identificó una correlación débil sin ser estadísticamente significativa entre la competencia de la persona con cáncer y su cuidador familiar (p=0,067). Sin embargo, en las dimensiones conocimiento, disfrutar, anticipación y relación e interacción social se evidenciarelación positiva y estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: La competencia para el cuidado en el hogar es un fenómeno central a intervenir en el cuidado de enfermería durante la transición hospital-hogar y en la generación de planes de alta que aseguren la continuidad del tratamiento.
Pronosticar con fechas ¿es la mejor manera de informar?
Authors: Rodríguez-Morera Anna
Published: May 2017

Pronosticar con fechas ¿es la mejor manera de informar?
Implementation of Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) program at Chemical Laboratories of a University
Authors: Abbas Mohsin , Zakaria Adel , Balkhyour Mansour
Published: May 2017

The use of chemicals in academic/research laboratories is obvious which need proper university’s safety management. It is the prime responsibility of university top management to protect laboratory staff from chemical health risks during their work. This study elaborate a methodology for the implementation of a Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) programme in a University’s chemical laboratories. The objective of this CHRA programme is to identify and evaluate the risk of chemical exposure among laboratory staff. The qualitative observation of CHRA programme identified two categories of risk, one is a significant risk but already adequately controlled could increase in future, second is risk significant now, and not adequately controlled. Based on the conclusion of CHRA programme proactive suggestion were made to reduce the risks of chemical exposure among laboratory staff in the selected Saudi university. This study can be useful to implement CHRA programme in chemical laboratories of a university to assess risk of chemical exposure and required control measures for the protection of laboratory staff.