bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diurnal frugivores on the Bromeliaceae Aechmea depressa L.B. Sm. from Northeastern Brazil: the prominent role taken by a small forest primate
Authors: Fontoura Talita , Cazetta Eliana , Nascimento Wander do , Catenacci Lilian , De Vleeschouwer Kristel , Raboy Becky
Published: April 2011

Little is known about frugivory of epiphytes. We investigated diurnal frugivores consuming Aechmea depressa, an endemic species from Southern Bahia, Brazil, through 67 hours of observation on three fruiting individuals. Infructescences were visited for 2% of the time and only by golden-headed lion tamarins (GHLTs; Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Aechmea depressa invests on physical defense to retain fruits for prolonged periods, however, GHLTs used their small size and dexterity to remove rigid bracts and extract fruits from the infructescence. Prior studies indicate GHLTs disperse Aechmea seeds. Given the low visitation rates and probability that few frugivores successfully manipulate A. depressa fruits, we suggest that GHLTs are extremely important to maintaining the populations of this bromeliad species.
Playing dead to stay alive: death-feigning in Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Authors: Santos Maurício Beux dos , Oliveira Mauro Cesar Lamim Martins de , Verrastro Laura , Tozetti Alexandro Marques
Published: April 2011

Predation is the major selective force that drives the development of a series of defense mechanisms by the species. These mechanisms are efficient in that it limits the ability of predators to detect, recognize and subdue their prey. In lizards for example, the tail loss and locomotor escape are the most common defensive behavior reported on the literature. Additionally, in response to external stimuli, some lizards exhibit a peculiar defensive behavior: death-feigning or thanatosis. Here we describe the first record of death-feigning in a population of Liolaemus occipitalis in a coastal sand dune habitat in Southernmost Brazil. A total of 86 individuals were tested. During handling 75.6% of lizards feigned death. The duration of this behavior was longer when the observer remained closer to the lizards, suggesting the ability of L. occipitalis to evaluate the predation risk.
Water relations and organic solutes production in four umbu tree (Spondias tuberosa) genotypes under intermittent drought
Authors: Silva Elizamar C. , Nogueira Rejane J. M. C. , Vale Fernando H. A. , Melo Natoniel F. de , Araújo Francisco P. de
Published: April 2011

In order to evaluate changes in leaf water potential (ψw) and solute accumulation induced by intermittent drought, an research was performed under greenhouse conditions using four umbu tree genotypes (GBU 44, GBU 48, GBU 50 and GBU 68) and two water treatments (control and stressed by withholding water), with four replicates. The ψw was measured in four-hour intervals during a 24-hour period at the first stomatal closure and at the end of the experimental period. Carbohydrates, amino acids, protein and proline contents were also evaluated in leaves and roots. Significant differences were found in most of the studied parameters. The lower ψw hour was between 800 h and 1200 h. GBU 50 reduced significantly ψw in stressed plants at 800 h, while control plants reduced at 1200 h . GBU 68 presented the higher ψw. The extending of the stress induced reductions to carbohydrates in the leaves of all genotypes, increases in amino acids to GBU 44 and 48, and reductions of 40% and 43% to GBU 50 and 68, respectively; results also showed alterations in proline content. In the roots, increases in carbohydrates were observed only in GBU 48. Alterations in amino acids, protein, and proline were verified. Umbu trees presented isohydric behavior maintaining high leaf water potential and a great variability in organic solutes accumulation in response to drought with marked differences among the genotypes.
Competição e conflito em redes de economia solidária: análise do projeto de implantação da Central de Comercialização de Resíduos Sólidos de Porto Alegre (Brasil)
Authors: Carrion Rosinha Machado
Published: April 2011

Construído a partir dos resultados da pesquisa que investigou inovações em empreendimentos de economia solidária, este artigo analisa, à luz da teoria dos campos (BOURDIEU, 1989), as razões do fracasso do projeto que visava implantar uma central coletiva para a comercialização de resíduos sólidos (Cicrs), na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPOA). Entre os fatores que teriam contribuído para o insucesso da referida proposta - que contava com uma extensa lista de apoiadores -, destaca-se a disputa entre lideranças das duas principais correntes políticas representativas dos trabalhadores do setor de reciclagem A principal contribuição do artigo reside em problematizar o conflito de interesses e as disputas de poder, dois temas "tabus" nos estudos sobre redes de economia solidária.
A semântica do lixo e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos catadores de recicláveis: considerações sobre um estudo de caso múltiplo em cooperativas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Carmo Scarlet
Published: April 2011

Entre 2002 e 2004 foram realizados estudos de caso em três cooperativas de catadores apoiadas pelo poder público e localizadas em região de lixo rico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A partir desses estudos, este artigo sugere que a semântica (negativa e positiva) do lixo seja considerada um aspecto importante quando de intervenções públicas como esta. A semântica negativa do lixo-associada à questão da sujeira-, inicialmente, considerada um obstáculo à organização dos catadores, permanece um desafio não totalmente superado. Da mesma forma, a semântica positiva também não ajuda muito a melhorar suas condições sociais e econômicas. Os desdobramentos das intervenções públicas realizadas sugerem que organizá-los em cooperativas nos moldes propostos é algo complexo, mas ao mesmo tempo imprescindível. De modo que se faz necessária uma maior interação entre ambos-poder público e catadores-, para que se possa dar conta dos paradoxos que a semântica (negativa ou positiva) do lixo representa para eles.
A validade da generalização
Authors: Thiry-Cherques Hermano Roberto
Published: April 2011

Neste artigo, discuto a validade da generalização dos resultados de pesquisas no campo das ciências humanas e sociais. Discuto as características da extrapolação, da extensão e da analogia, além dos aspectos essenciais dos métodos indutivos, bem como as restrições do refutacionismo, do operacionalismo e do probabilismo. Concluo com um comentário sobre os limites e o alcance das generalizações.
Aprendizagem transformadora: a reflexão crítica na formação gerencial
Authors: Closs Lisiane Quadrado , Antonello Claudia Simone
Published: April 2011

Dadas as crescentes demandas por aprendizagens exigidas de gestores no atual contexto e a importância de seu papel para as organizações e a sociedade, sugere-se a necessidade de ampliar perspectivas para a educação gerencial. Esta vem recebendo críticas de correntes que destacam tanto a importância da reflexão como da reflexão crítica para a aprendizagem. Apresenta-se um levantamento de estudos brasileiros realizados sobre aprendizagem gerencial que corrobora a importância de ambas nos seus processos de aprendizagem, embora a reflexão crítica ainda seja pouco evidenciada no meio gerencial ou na educação de gestores. Propõe-se que a teoria da aprendizagem transformadora possa contribuir para a aprendizagem gerencial, suscitando reflexões críticas que favoreçam o pensamento autônomo e a liberação de pressupostos condicionados sobre o mundo, sobre os outros e sobre si, cruciais para o mundo do trabalho, para a cidadania e para a tomada de decisões morais.
(Sem) saber e (com) poder nos estudos organizacionais
Authors: Faria José Henrique de , Meneghetti Francis Kanashiro
Published: April 2011

Bacon afirma que saber é poder. Tragtenberg contesta. Essa discussão, na contemporaneidade, faz-se mais importante do que se possa imaginar. Por isso, o objetivo central deste artigo é verificar as relações entre saber e poder, na atualidade, levando em consideração o papel da ciência e dos elementos imediatos a ela relacionados. Quanto aos objetivos específicos deste estudo, destacam-se: · compreender o sentido da filosofia e da ciência e suas relações com a ideologia; · verificar como o discurso da neutralidade axiológica da ciência se apresenta como mito da modernidade e como se dá a presença da "fé" na filosofia e na ciência, na contemporaneidade; · refletir sobre a consolidação da ciência como força produtiva e/ou como mercadoria no atual sistema econômico; · destacar a importância do complexo industrial militar como financiador de grande parte dos atuais estudos científicos; · entender o processo de racionalização, avaliando a importância do pragmatismo e da burocracia universitária como afirmação da ciência na atualidade. O texto conclui que tanto é possível a existência de saber como poder (Bacon) como a de não saber, mas com poder (Tragtenberg) para compreendermos a relação entre saber e poder.
Sumaq Kawsay: the birth of a notion?
Authors: Salgado Francisco
Published: April 2011

The objective of this paper is to explore critically a recent development and management approach from our own locus of enunciation. Sumaq Kawsay, a Quechua expression commonly translated as "well-living" - in opposition to "well-being"-, has been chosen as the leitmotiv by Ecuadorian and Bolivian Constitutions in the past two years.
Articulações em rede e acontecimentos no território: subsídios teóricos para a formação de políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento
Authors: Goulart Sueli , Vieira Marcelo Milano Falcao , Costa Camila Furlan da , Knopp Glauco da Costa
Published: April 2011

Neste artigo, abordamos construtos, conceitos e categorias da geografia, à busca de elementos para a formação de políticas públicas direcionadas ao desenvolvimento. As razões que nos impelem a essa aproximação se relacionam ao contexto geopolítico contemporâneo e à banalização de conceitos como território, por exemplo, usado como mero designativo de um espaço qualquer, sobre o qual se aplicam metodologias, muitas vezes, vinculadas a políticas públicas inspiradas em modelos exógenos. Concluímos que a aproximação à concepção de território indica a necessidade de assumir o caráter relacional das articulações que ocorrem em espaços sociopolíticos construídos por atores sociais e governamentais. Essa necessidade é tanto mais relevante quanto mais se observam iniciativas que vêm sendo encaminhadas no plano federal, no sentido de recuperar a capacidade de planejamento e promoção do desenvolvimento, mediante a formação e a articulação de políticas públicas de âmbito nacional, regional e local.
As limitações das políticas de habitação portuguesas: reflexões sobre a importância da intersetorialidade
Authors: Barreto Raquel de Oliveira , Paula Ana Paula Paes de , Gontijo Felipe Marques Carabetti
Published: April 2011

Partindo de uma perspectiva neoliberal e sob um discurso moderno de descentralização estatal e participação da sociedade civil, o Estado português tem utilizado parcerias com o setor cooperativo nas suas políticas habitacionais. Frente à visibilidade alcançada por estas políticas recentes na Comunidade Européia, bem como a aproximação que vem ocorrendo entre Portugal e Brasil para troca de experiências neste campo, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como estas políticas portuguesas têm se desenvolvido e quais suas implicações para a população brasileira. Para isso, investigaram-se dois projetos de realocação de pessoas carentes em bairros sociais. A metodologia utilizada foi de caráter qualitativo, baseada em pesquisa documental, além de entrevistas e observações in loco. Os resultados apontam para políticas habitacionais bastante desarticuladas e, em consequência disso, pouco efetivas. Os casos estudados corroboram o argumento de que, apesar do discurso, o governo assumiu na realidade uma posição de transferência das responsabilidades para a sociedade civil por meio das cooperativas de habitação, e que a criação de bairros sociais acaba por contribuir para o aumento da estigmatização e do preconceito. Além disso, enfatizam a importância de uma ação intersetorial nas políticas habitacionais.
A gestão da mudança em ambientes dinâmicos: um estudo no setor das telecomunicações
Authors: Sellmann Maria Cristina Zampieri , Marcondes Reynaldo Cavalheiro
Published: April 2011

Este artigo busca entender como a gestão da mudança é realizada em ambientes de negócios altamente dinâmicos. Está fundamentado em pesquisa exploratória na qual se utilizou a análise de conteúdo como procedimento metodológico qualitativo. Foi aplicada a entrevista em profundidade junto a oito executivos das empresas Siemens, Motorola e Ericsson, envolvidos em processos de mudança. Os resultados revelaram ter havido poucas divergências ou variações entre as práticas de gestão da mudança nas três empresas dos entrevistados; não ter ocorrido todos os passos essenciais ao processo de mudança de maneira explícita conforme preconiza a literatura, não obstante o sucesso obtido por essas empresas na implementação das mudanças; a emergência do senso de urgência e da coalizão administrativa, aspectos não tratados na literatura levantada; e o envolvimento das pessoas como consequência dos treinamentos e da troca de informações promovidos durante a execução do projeto.
Are anti-fouling effects in coralline algae species specific?
Authors: Villas Bôas Alexandre Bigio , Figueiredo Marcia A. de O.
Published: April 2011

The crustose coralline algae are susceptible to be covered by other algae, which in turn can be affected by anti-fouling effects. In this study the hypothesis tested was that these algae can inhibit the growth of epiphytes in a species specific way. In the laboratory, propagules of Sargassum furcatum and Ulva fasciata were liberated and cultivated on pieces of coralline algae and slide covers (controls) and their survival and growth were compared. Spongites and Hydrolithon significantly inhibited the growth of U. fasciata but not Sargassum. In the field, pieces of three species of live and dead coralline algae and their copies in epoxy putty discs were fixed on the rock. After one month epiphytic algae were identified and their dry mass quantified. Lithophyllum did not affect the epiphyte growth. In contrast Spongites and an unidentified coralline significantly inhibited the growth of Enteromorpha spp., Ulva fasciata and Hincksia mitchelliae. Colpomenia sinuosa was absent on all living crusts, but present on controls. Results show that the epiphyte-host relation depends on the species that are interacting. The sloughing of superficial cells of coralline crusts points to the possible action of physical anti-fouling effect, though a chemical one is not rejected.
Physiological responses of Porphyra haitanesis to different copper and zinc concentrations
Authors: Li Ying Xia , Zhou Suo , Zhao Feng Juan , Liu Yan , Fan Pan Pan , Wang Guang Ce
Published: April 2011

In the present study, several physiological responses of the red marine alga Porphyra haitanesis to elevated concentrations of copper (up to 50 μM) and zinc (up to 100 μM) were investigated. Our results showed that the effects of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), phycobiliprotein and metabolism (the fluorescence emission spectra and the activities of photosystemII) did not follow the same pattern. The relative growth rate was inhibited by different concentrations of Cu2+, and was slightly increased at lower concentrations (up to 10 μM) and inhibited at higher Zn2+concentrations. On the other hand, the phycoerythrin contents were slightly increased at relatively low concentrations (up to 1 μM Cu2+ or 20 μM Zn2+) and inhibited by high Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations. Moreover, photosynthesis and respiration showed an increase in the amount of oxygen exchange in response to relatively low Cu2+ (up to 1 μM) and Zn2+ concentrations (up to 10 μM), and a reduction to relatively high Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations. Oxygen evolution was more sensitive than oxygen uptake to Cu2+ and Zn2+. In addition, the photoreductive activities and fluorescence emission of photosystem II (PS II) were enhanced by lower concentrations of Cu2+ (up to 0.1 μM) and Zn2+ (up to 10 μM) and inhibited by higher concentrations. Furthermore, the intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the active PSII reaction centers followed a similar pattern in response to elevated concentrations of Cu2+ and Zn2+. These results suggest that lower concentrations of Cu2+ and Zn2+ affected the metabolism of P. haitanesis, which was inhibited by higher concentrations of these metals.
Estimation of heavy metals in little blue heron (Egretta caerulea) collected from sepetiba bay, rio de janeiro, brazil
Authors: Ferreira Aldo Pacheco
Published: April 2011

Samples of liver and kidney of Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) collected on Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analysed for their copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel content. Mean concentration levels in liver and kidney (μg.g-1 dry weight) were 6.32955 and 6.57136 (Cd); 78.17409 and 96.89409 (Zn); 44.01727 and 65.20864 (Cu); 41.15091 and 39.62318 (Pb); 2.80091 and 4.16455 (Cr); and 9.27182 and 9.91091 (Ni), respectively. Results indicate relatively high trace metal contamination in E. caerulea, showing potential widespread biological and mutagenic adverse effects at trophic levels, and therefore, signalling risk to human health.
Distribution patterns of chaetognata, polychaeta, pteropoda and salpidae off south georgia and south orkney islands
Authors: Crelier Alina María , Dadon José Roberto , Isbert-Perlender Hernán G. , Nahabedian Daniel Eduardo , Daponte María Cristina
Published: April 2011

The distribution pattern, frequency and density (ind./1000 m) of different mesozooplankton species from the South Georgia Islands, South Orkney Islands and the Weddell-Scotia Confluence were analyzed using data obtained in 1994. The maximum densities of the species found were: Eukrohnia hamata (5330), Sagitta gazellae (1052), Clione limacina antarctica (450), Spongiobranchaea australis (375), Clio sulcata (100), Limacina helicina (4076 x 10³), Limacina retroversa (71 x 10(4)), Pelagobia longicirrata (29170), Rhynchonereella bongraini (117), Tomopteris carpenterii (26), Tomopteris planktonis (498), Tomopteris septentrionales (498) and Salpa thompsoni (189). Species density and frequency decreased from South Georgia to the South Orkney Islands, recording intermediate values at the Weddell-Scotia Confluence. Species density in the South Orkney area seemed to be limited by variations in temperature and salinity. The southern area around South Georgia showed the highest density of species, probably due to the influence of the Southern Front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The presence of species characteristic of sub-Antarctic waters such as L. retroversa in the Confluence area could be related to the southward movements of eddies that originate in the Polar Front.
Chemometry use in the evaluation of the sanya bay water quality
Authors: Dong Jun-De , Zhang Yan-Ying , Shao Wang You , Wu Mei-Lin , Zhang Si , Cai Chuang-Hua
Published: April 2011

In this study, chemometric method is employed to identify anthropogenic effects on the water quality in Sanya Bay, South China Sea, and its marine and natural characteristics. Principal component analysis has extracted the four latent factors, thus explaining 85.52% of the total variance. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis have identified three different patterns of water quality based on anthropogenic effects and marine characteristics: Cluster I located in the outer and middle parts of the bay, Cluster II close to downtown Sanya, Cluster III located in the Sanya River estuary. In terms of the temporal pattern, principal component analysis and cluster analysis have distinguished the dry season from November to the following April, and the rainy season from May to October. The temporal pattern is related to climate and natural characteristics. The similarity index between variables and scores of samples can further distinguish the contribution of the variables to the samples. Both the polluting sources external to the Sanya River and the water from the South China Sea exercise an important influence on the water quality in Sanya Bay. These results may be valuable for socioeconomic development and human health in the Sanya Bay area.
Response of the Apodi-Mossoró estuary-incised valley system (NE Brazil) to sea-level fluctuations
Authors: Vital Helenice , Furtado Samia F.Lima , Gomes Moab Praxedes
Published: April 2011

This study focuses on the Quaternary sea level changes in the Apodi-Mossoró Estuary and adjacent shelf, Northeastern Brazil, based on the analysis of high-resolution seismic profiles, integrated with echosounder, SRTM and satellite image data. We use these data to develop a relative stratigraphy. An incised-valley extending from the Apodi-Mossoró Estuary onto the shelf dominates the investigated area. In very shallow waters (down to 10 m depth) the channel lies mainly in a NW-SE direction, changing to NE-SW in waters below10 m, in the form of a J-shaped valley. The southern flank of the shallow channel presents an abrupt morphology, probably determined by a residual scarp due to neotectonic reactivation of a pre-existing fault. This incised-valley can be correlated with a former river valley formed during the late Pleistocene fall in sea-level. The base-level change related to this drop in sea level can be regionally expressed on seismic lines as a laterally-continuous stratigraphic surface named Horizon I, interpreted as representing the sub-aerial exposure of the continental shelf. Many incised valleys were excavated on this exposed shelf, including that of the Apodi-Mossoró Estuary and its incised valley system. This incised valley has lain buried since the Holocene transgression. The Holocene sediments present sub-horizontal layers, or they have filled the incised valley with oblique features.
Stationary substrates facilitate bioinvasion in Paranaguá Bay in southern Brazil
Authors: Rocha Rosana M. , Cangussu Leonardo C. , Braga Mariana P.
Published: April 2011

Artificial substrates in and near ports and marinas commonly have many non-indigenous species and are the first stepping stone for the establishment of bioinvasors. Substrate movement influences fouling communities and so understanding of how species assemblages are related to specific substrate conditions is crucial as a management tool. Here we describe the species assemblage of the community after six months of development on granite plates in Paranaguá Bay. Species richness was similar in the two treatments, with 12 species on floating (constant depth) plates and 15 on stationary (variable depth) plates. However, species composition differed, with the community on floating plates being dominated by the native bivalve Mytella charruana (66.1 ± 5.5% cover) and that on stationary plates dominated by the barnacles Fistulobalanus citerosum (49.8 ± 3.5% cover) and the introduced Amphibalanus reticulatus (33.9 ± 3.7% cover). Other introduced species were Garveia franciscana, on one stationary plate, and Megabalanus coccopoma also on one stationary plate and not very abundant on half of the floating plates (< 2%). Thus, stationary plates were more susceptible to introduced species that may become very abundant, suggesting that this type of substrate should be a priority in management for bioinvasion control. We also hypothesize that the native bivalve M. charruana is the dominant competitor for space on floating substrates, thereby reducing the invasiveness of that type of substrate.
Activity of natural radionuclides and their contribution to the absorbed dose in the fish cubera snapper (lutjanus cyanopterus, cuvier, 1828) on the coast of Ceara, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Wagner de S. , Kelecom Alphonse , Py Júnior Delcy de A.
Published: April 2011

A methodology was developed for converting the activity concentration of radionuclides (Bq kg-1) into absorbed dose rate (Gy y-1), aiming an approach to environmental radioprotection based on the concept of standard dose limit. The model considers only the internal absorbed dose rate. This methodology was applied to the cubera snapper fish (Lutjanus cyanopterus, Cuvier, 1828) caught off the coast of Ceará. The natural radionuclides considered were uranium-238, radium-226, lead-210, thorium-232 and radium-228. The absorbed dose rates were calculated for individual radionuclides and the type of emitted radiation. The average dose rate due to these radionuclides was 5.36 µGy y-1, a value six orders of magnitude smaller than the threshold value of absorbed dose rate used in this study (3.65 10³ mGy y-1), and similar to that found in the literature for benthic fish. Ra-226 and U-238 contributed 67% and 22% of the absorbed dose rate, followed by Th-232 with 10%. Ra-228 and Pb-210, in turn, accounted for less than 1% of the absorbed dose rate. This distribution is somewhat different from that reported in the literature, where the Ra-226 accounts for 86% of the absorbed dose rate.
Shallow reef fish communities of South Bahia coast, Brazil
Authors: Chaves Laís de C. T. , Nunes José de Anchieta C. C. , Sampaio Cláudio L. S.
Published: April 2011

This study aims to describe for the first time the fish community structure of five shallow reefs located off the cities of Santa Cruz de Cabrália and Porto Seguro (Araripe-AR, Itacipanema-IT, Alagados-AL, Naufrágio-NA and Recife de Fora Marine Park-RF Reefs), South Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. Fish density and richness were assessed through stationary point counts of 2 m radius for small cryptic species and 3 m for more conspicuous species. A total of 1 802 fishes belonging to 23 families and 54 species were observed. The most abundant species were the pomacentrids Stegastes fuscus and Abudefduf saxatilis. No significant differences were found for species richness or density of conspicuous species, but density of small cryptic species was low on reefs with high bottom rugosity, where there were more holes and crevices available. Herbivores were dominant on AR, AL and RF, invertivores on AL and both groups were dominant on IT. Some habitat variables such as rugosity and benthic cover were strongly correlated to species and sites. High bottom heterogeneity was found among reefs but they still presented similar species composition, richness and density. Within small-scale studies, such similarities in composition and richness are to be expected for reef fish communities, as most of the species concerned have a wide distribution range.
Tratamento cirúrgico das malformações pulmonares congênitas em pacientes pediátricos
Authors: Ferreira Hylas Paiva da Costa , Fischer Gilberto Bueno , Felicetti José Carlos , Camargo José de Jesus Peixoto , Andrade Cristiano Feijó
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar as principais malformações congênitas pulmonares e os principais métodos diagnósticos utilizados, assim como as indicações de tratamento cirúrgico e os seus resultados em um serviço de referência de cirurgia torácica pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados 52 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico anatomopatológico de malformações congênitas pulmonares e que foram submetidos à ressecção pulmonar entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2006. Os critérios de exclusão foram idade > 12 anos e dados clínicos incompletos. A amostra final foi composta de 35 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Nesta amostra, a média de idade foi de 31 meses, com predominância do sexo masculino (n = 21). Os achados anatomopatológicos foram malformação adenomatoide cística (n = 14), enfisema lobar congênito (n = 13), sequestro pulmonar (n = 8), e malformação arteriovenosa (n = 1). A ressecção mais comum foi a lobectomia inferior esquerda (25,71%), seguida por diferentes tipos de segmentectomia (22,85%), lobectomia superior esquerda (22,85%), lobectomia superior direita (14,28%), lobectomia inferior direita (8,57%) e lobectomia média (5,71%). Dos 35 pacientes, 34 (97,14%) foram submetidos à drenagem pleural fechada, com tempo médio de permanência do dreno torácico de 3,9 dias. Dez pacientes (28,5%) apresentaram complicações pós-operatórias. Não houve óbitos nesta série. CONCLUSÕES: A ressecção pulmonar para o tratamento das malformações pulmonares é um procedimento seguro, apresentando baixa morbidade e nenhuma mortalidade em um serviço de referência para doenças pulmonares.
Fronteiras étnicas nos repertórios musicais das 'festas de santo' em São Gabriel da Cachoeira (alto Rio Negro, AM)
Authors: Barros Líliam Cristina da Silva , Santos Antônio Maria de Souza
Published: April 2011

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar os mecanismos através dos quais índios em situação de contato, na zona urbana de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, manifestam sua pertença étnica. Em meio ao contexto das festas de santo, repertórios musicais evidenciam as fronteiras étnicas valendo-se da língua como principal sinal diacrítico de identidade.
Estudos comparativos do léxico da fauna e flora Aruák
Authors: Brandão Ana Paula , Facundes Sidi
Published: April 2011

As línguas Apurinã, Piro e Iñapari, membros da família lingüística Aruák, são inicialmente comparadas com base nos dados utilizados na reconstrução de Payne (1991), e nas correspondências fonológicas apresentadas em Facundes (2000, 2002). A partir das evidências de agrupamento dessas três línguas, cognatos especificamente relacionados à fauna e flora Aruák são estabelecidos. Utilizando-se dos resultados encontrados na comparação, três questões são examinadas: o que as retenções lexicais indicam sobre o lugar dessas línguas dentro da família Aruák? Com base nos cognatos identificados, quais conceitos da flora e fauna provavelmente podem ser reconstruídos para estágios anteriores no desenvolvimento dessas três línguas a partir de uma língua ancestral? E, finalmente, quais inferências podem ser feitas sobre o passado desses povos com base na semântica da fauna e flora reconstruída?
Proto-Jabutí: um primeiro passo na reconstrução da língua ancestral dos Arikapú e Djeoromitxí
Authors: van der Voort Hein
Published: April 2011

As línguas Arikapú e Djeoromitxí constituem uma pequena família lingüística no sul de Rondônia chamada Jabutí. Estão altamente ameaçadas de extinção e apenas recentemente dados de alta qualidade tornaram-se disponíveis. Este artigo pretende criar uma base de evidência para a hipótese de Curt Nimuendajú de que a família lingüística Jabutí pertence ao tronco lingüístico Macro-Jê. Após apresentar esboços breves de ambas as línguas Jabutí e do contexto histórico e sociocultural, o artigo concentra-se na reconstrução da língua ancestral, Proto-Jabutí, seguindo os princípios do método histórico-comparativo
Dark Earths and manioc cultivation in Central Amazonia: a window on pre-Columbian agricultural systems?
Authors: Fraser James A. , Clement Charles Roland
Published: April 2011

Many commentators highlight the fertility of Anthropogenic Dark Earths (ADE), emphasizing their potential for sustainable agriculture. Some scholars believe that terra mulata (the less fertile, more extensive form of ADE) was created by means of agricultural practices used by large settled populations of pre-Columbian farmers. But what was it that these Amerindian farmers were growing? Until recently, scholarly consensus held that manioc does not perform well on ADE. New research on the middle Madeira River is showing, however, that this consensus was premature. In this region, the most common crop in ADE fields is bitter manioc. Farmers there have various landraces of manioc that they believe yield particularly well on ADE, and logically plant more of these varieties on ADE. Aspects of the behaviour and perception of manioc cultivation among 52 farmers at the community of Barro Alto were measured quantitatively on four terra firme soil types (Terra Preta, Terra Mulata, Oxisols and Ultisols). These farmers plant different configurations of landraces in different soils, according to their perception of the suitability of particular landraces and their characteristics to certain soil types and successional processes. This, in turn, shapes selective pressures on these varieties, as new genetic material incorporated from volunteer seedlings is more likely to contain traits present in the most prevalent landrace(s) in each soil type. Owing to localized population pressure at Barro Alto, manioc is under more intensive cultivation systems, with shorter cropping periods (5-10 months) and shorter fallow periods (1-2 years). The outcome of these processes is different co-evolutionary dynamics on ADE as opposed to non-anthropogenic soils. Further anthropological study of manioc swiddening in one of the richest agricultural environments in Amazonia can fill a gap in the literature, thus opening an additional window on the pre-Columbian period.
A cidade, um foco de diversidade agrícola no Rio Negro (Amazonas, Brasil)?
Authors: Emperaire Laure , Eloy Ludivine
Published: April 2011

As regiões do Médio e Alto Rio Negro, apesar de serem isoladas da malha de comunicação terrestre e das frentes de colonização, caracterizam-se por uma articulação cada vez mais forte entre a área florestal, a das comunidades, e a urbana, ou seja, as pequenas cidades ribeirinhas. Esta complementaridade, temporária ou definitiva, se traduz por uma expansão da agricultura periurbana. Propomos uma abordagem comparativa da diversidade agrícola entre o urbano e o florestal. Analisamos as relações entre formas de manejo dos espaços cultivados (superfícies, ciclo de uso e práticas), plantas cultivadas e redes sociais envolvidas no acesso aos recursos fitogenéticos. A análise mostra uma recomposição dos sistemas agrícolas com a permanência de uma alta diversidade agrícola, porém marcada por uma maior vulnerabilidade do sistema em decorrência da diminuição do tempo de pousio e da diminuição da força de trabalho disponível. No contexto urbano, as estratégias tradicionais de manejo dos recursos agrícolas se combinam a um outro objetivo, o do acesso à terra. A análise aponta para a necessidade de uma reflexão sistémica sobre as possíveis formas de conservação deste patrimônio biocultural.
When the shifting agriculture is gone: functionality of Atlantic Coastal Forest in abandoned farming sites
Authors: Oliveira Rogério Ribeiro de
Published: April 2011

Slash-and-burn agriculture has been practiced for a very long time by the traditional populations (caiçaras) on Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. After a few years of use the plots are abandoned to fallow. We examined the processes of litter production and decomposition and the relationships between forest lands used by caiçara populations and landscape functionality. Five and 25-year-old forests growing on areas once used for subsistence agriculture were compared to a near-climax forest site. No significant differences between the three areas were noted in terms of litter production over a 2-yr period; the average litter productions were 9,927, 8,707 and 10,031 kg/ha/yr for the 5-year, 25-year and climax forests respectively. N and K nutrient input through litter was greatest in the climax forest; P and Mg input was greatest in the 5-yr forest; and Na greatest in the 25-yr forest. Ground litter accumulation (3,040-3,730 kg/ha/yr) was not significantly different in the three areas. Litter turnover times (1/K) were 0.33, 0.42 and 0.38 for the 5-yr, 25-yr and climax forests respectively. These secondary forests cover almost all of Ilha Grande and demonstrate low species diversity, but they have production and decomposition systems similar to those of mature forests.
A casa e a roça: socioeconomia, demografia e agricultura em populações quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Pedroso Júnior Nelson Novaes , Murrieta Rui Sérgio Sereni , Taqueda Carolina Santos , Navazinas Natasha Dias , Ruivo Aglair Pedrosa , Bernardo Danilo Vicensotto , Neves Walter Alves
Published: April 2011

Este estudo tem como objetivos caracterizar o perfil demográfico e socioeconômico de nove comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no vale do Ribeira, estado de São Paulo, e identificar os principais fatores responsáveis pelas mudanças recentes nos seus padrões de subsistência. Desde a formação das primeiras aglomerações de escravos libertos e foragidos no século XVIII, as relações estabelecidas entre estas populações com as cidades próximas e com o mercado regional têm vivenciado momentos de retração e de expansão, adaptando-se e ajustando-se a novas mudanças políticas e socioeconômicas. Nas últimas cinco décadas, o impacto de fatores externos na aceleração das mudanças nos padrões de subsistência locais parece ter tido um aumento significativo. Os resultados mostram que as restrições impostas pela legislação ambiental, os conflitos de terra, a construção de uma rodovia na região, a crescente inserção no mercado regional e a atuação de órgãos governamentais e não-governamentais de desenvolvimento são os principais fatores responsáveis pelas mudanças observadas no sistema agrícola de corte e queima e, conseqüentemente, na organização socioeconômica destas populações.
Três contribuições de Emílio Goeldi (1859-1917) à arqueologia e etnologia amazônica
Authors: Sanjad Nelson , Silva João Batista Poça da
Published: April 2011

O texto apresenta três contribuições do zoólogo suíço Emílio Augusto Goeldi (1859-1917) à arqueologia e etnologia amazônica, publicadas em alemão entre 1900 e 1906, quando era diretor do Museu Paraense, em Belém (PA), Brasil. A primeira é um artigo de divulgação científica sobre a descoberta da cerâmica Cunani, ocorrida em 1895, no norte do Amapá, Brasil. A segunda expõe os achados arqueológicos do Museu Paraense na foz do Amazonas, área identificada como prioritária para pesquisas do gênero, incluindo as cerâmicas encontradas em Maracá (AP) e na ilha de Marajó (PA), e as estatuetas líticas originárias do Baixo Amazonas. A terceira descreve o uso dos machados de pedra pelos índios Baikiri. As três contribuições comprovam o interesse de Goeldi pelo estudo da cultura material e pela compilação de dados que permitissem um melhor arranjo dos troncos etnolinguísticos indígenas, fazendo a junção, de maneira bastante habilidosa, dos recursos intelectuais proporcionados, na época, pela etnologia, pela arqueologia e pela linguística.
Guidance for nuclear medicine staff on radiopharmaceuticals drug interaction
Authors: Santos-Oliveira Ralph
Published: April 2011

Numerous drug interactions related to radiopharmaceuticals take place every day in hospitals many of which are not reported or detected. Information concerning this kind of reaction is not abundant, and nuclear medicine staff are usually overwhelmed by this information. To better understand this type of reaction, and to help nuclear medicine staff deal with it, a review of the literature was conducted. The results show that almost all of radiopharmaceuticals marketed around the world present drug interactions with a large variety of compounds. This suggests that a logical framework to make decisions based on reviews incorporating adverse reactions must be created. The review also showed that researchers undertaking a review of literature, or even a systematic review that incorporates drug interactions, must understand the rationale for the suggested methods and be able to implement them in their review. Additionally, a global effort should be made to report as many cases of drug interaction with radiopharmaceuticals as possible. With this, a complete picture of drug interactions with radiopharmaceuticals can be drawn.
Anticonvulsant activity of Bacopa monniera in rodents
Authors: Kaushik Darpan , Tripathi Ashish , Tripathi Rashmi , Ganachari Madiwalayya , Khan Suroor Ahmad
Published: April 2011

Bacopa monnieri (L), belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family and commonly known as Brahmi, is well known in India for its CNS activity but its neuropharmacological effect has not yet been explored. In the present study, the antiepileptic effects of the plant were investigated. The ethanolic extract of Bacopa monniera was tested for anticonvulsant activity in albino rats, using different convulsive models. The ethanolic extract of leaves produced significant anticonvulsant activity for all the different models studied. The present study shows a probable mechanism of action similar to that of benzodiazepines (GABA agonist). Thus, these results emphasize the need to diversify by using alternative therapeutic approaches pertaining to herbal medicine, where a single easily available plant may provide solutions to several therapeutic challenges, as observed in the anticonvulsant action of ethanolic extract of B. monniera.
Bioavailability of two oral formulas of secnidazole in healthy volunteers
Authors: Montovani Patrícia Andréa Bertuol , Pinto Ana Maria Pugens , Santos Mauricio Bedim dos , Vieira Daiane Loss , Prado Anelise Weich do , Manfio Josélia Larger
Published: April 2011

Secnidazole is an antimicrobial agent used primarily in the treatment of amoebiasis. For this bioequivalence study of secnidazole, twenty-eight healthy female volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. Each volunteer was given a single oral dose of secnidazole test preparation and then the reference preparation, or vice versa, with a wash out interval of two weeks. The plasma concentrations of secnidazole were determined by HPLC, and the samples were extracted with tert-butyl-methyl-ether: dicloromethane (60:40, v/v). Secnidazole and its parent compound metronidazole were separated on a C18 column with water:acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase, and monitored at 310 nm. The ratio of mean Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ values for the test and reference products were within the predetermined range established by ANVISA, demonstrating that the two formulations are bioequivalent in rate and extent of absorption.
Development of a dissolution test for lamotrigine in tablet form using an ultraviolet method
Authors: Martins Magda Targa , Paim Clésio Soldatelli , Steppe Martin
Published: April 2011

A dissolution test for tablets containing 100 mg of lamotrigine was developed and validated. The dissolution test was applied to compare the dissolution profile of Neural® with the reference product Lamictal®. The analysis procedure was carried out using a simple ultraviolet method at 267 nm. After the determination of solubility and sink conditions, the parameters selected were paddles at 50 rpm, 900 mL of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid, and 30 minutes duration (single point). This method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Lamotrigine stability was also evaluated in dissolution medium.
Antitumor activity of leaves of Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel-Apocynaceae (janaguba) in the treatment of Sarcoma 180 tumor
Authors: Sousa Eliane Leite de , Grangeiro Ana Ruth Sampaio , Bastos Isla Vanessa Gomes Alves , Rodrigues Guilherme Carvalho Ribeiro , Silva Maria Joselice e , Anjos Falba Bernadete Ramos dos , Souza Ivone Antonia de , Sousa Cicero Ernandes Leite de
Published: April 2011

Himatanthus drasticus, also known as janaguba, is used popularly in Brazil's Northeastern region in the treatment of cancer. However, no scientific reports are available. The present study is the first investigation on the antitumor activity of crude methanolic extract from Himatanthus drasticus leaves against Sarcoma 180 tumor and on its side effects including acute oral toxicity. The OECD 423 methodology was used to study acute oral toxicity, and the STOCK methodology to assess antitumor activity. The crude extract showed low toxicity at the tested doses (50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg) administered orally. The histopathological analyses demonstrated alterations in liver lung, spleen and kidney. It also showed activity against Sarcoma 180 tumor in male Swiss albino mice, evidencing tumor growth inhibition of 67.7% and 68% at 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively.
A quantitative study of the influence of coprocessing of binders on the mechanical properties of paracetamol tablets
Authors: Ogunjimi Abayomi Tolulope , Alebiowu Gbenga
Published: April 2011

A 2³ factorial experimental design has been used to quantitatively study individual and interaction effects of the nature of binder (N), concentration of binder (C) and the applied pressure (P) on two mechanical properties, namely, tensile strength (TS) and brittle fracture index (BFI), of paracetamol tablets. The factorial design was also used to study the quantitative effects of coprocessing of binders on the mechanical properties. The results obtained from this study suggest that the nature (i.e. plastic/elastic) and ratio of binders coprocessed together alter the influence of C and P on TS and BFI.
Evaluation of physicochemical properties and in-vitro release profile of glipizide-matrix patch
Authors: Ghosal Kajal , Rajabalaya Rajan , Maiti Anindya Kishore , Chowdhury Bikramaditya , Nanda Arunabha
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present investigation was to form matrix patches with ethyl cellulose (EC) as the base polymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the copolymer, plasticizer with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and the drug glipizide (gz) by the solvent casting method. Physicochemical properties of the patches and in vitro drug release were determined in a modified Keshary-chien diffusion cell to optimize the patch formulations with the help of experimental data and figures for further studies. TECHNIQUES: EC and PVP of different proportions with different weight percentages of either DBP or ATBC and a fixed amount of glipizide were taken for matrix patch formations. The dried patches were used for measuring their drug contents as well as their thicknesses, tensile strengths, moisture contents and water absorption amounts in percentage. In vitro release amounts at different intervals were measured by UV-spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Drug contents varied from 96 - 99%. Thickness and tensile strength varied due to weight variation of the ingredients in the matrix patches. Moisture content and water absorption in wt % were greater for the patches containing higher amount of PVP due to its hydrophilic nature. Variations in drug release were observed among various formulations. It was found that all of the releases followed diffusion controlled zero order kinetics. Two DBP patches yielded better and more adequate release. CONCLUSIONS: The two formulations with DBP were the preferred choice for making matrix patches for further studies.
Electrochemical biosensors in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Gil Eric de Souza , Melo Giselle Rodrigues de
Published: April 2011

Given the increasing demand for practical and low-cost analytical techniques, biosensors have attracted attention for use in the quality analysis of drugs, medicines, and other analytes of interest in the pharmaceutical area. Biosensors allow quantification not only of the active component in pharmaceutical formulations, but also the analysis of degradation products and metabolites in biological fluids. Thus, this article presents a brief review of biosensor use in pharmaceutical analysis, focusing on enzymatic electrochemical sensors.
Prodrugs available on the Brazilian pharmaceutical market and their corresponding bioactivation pathways
Authors: Parise Filho Roberto , Polli Michelle Carneiro , Barberato Filho Silvio , Garcia Monique , Ferreira Elizabeth Igne
Published: April 2011

The aim of this paper was to emphasize the importance of prodrug design to therapy, by examining examples available on the Brazilian pharmaceutical market. The principles of prodrug design are briefly discussed herein. Examples of prodrugs from many important therapeutic classes are shown and their advantages relative to the drugs they are derived from are also discussed. Considering the importance of these therapeutic classes, from both therapy and economic standpoints, prodrug design is a very valuable aspect in the research of new drugs and for the pharmaceutical industry as a whole.