bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated from fruits and vegetables
Authors: Lykov I N , Kakharova M A , Kureber V S , Yurova A E
Published: October 2021

The present study is devoted to the study of the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms present on the surface of vegetables and fruits. These microorganisms can enter the consumer’s body and form antibiotic resistance in the commensal microflora. In the course of the research, we isolated various types of bacilli (43.7%), aspergillus (35.1%), penicilli (37.7%), micrococci (15.4%), staphylococci (19.8%) and streptococci (12.2%). Escherichia coli bacteria were found in 11.3% of the samples. Yeast cells were present on all vegetables and fruits, but they were found in greater numbers on sweet fruits (persimmons, bananas, grapes). Molds were more often sown in washes from potatoes and cauliflower. Gram-positive and gram-negative flora accounted for 59.5% and 40.5%, respectively. All microorganisms isolated from the surface of vegetables and fruits had multi-resistance to antibiotics. Of the isolates tested, the greatest resistance was observed to claritomycin, penicillin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and ampicillin.
Impact of lycopene and astaxanthin on hematological and immunological parameters of laying hens
Authors: Shevchenko L V , Nedosekov V V , Davydovych V A , Rozhdestveskaya T N , Drozdova E I
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the hematological profile and specific immunity of laying hens with the addition of oil extracts of lycopene or astaxanthin to the diet. The study used High Line W36 chickens that were vaccinated against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian rhinotracheitis and egg drop syndrome. It was found that the addition of lycopene (20 mg/kg) and astaxanthin (10 mg/kg) for 30 days did not affect the hematological profile of laying hens. Increasing the content of lycopene to 40 and 60 mg/kg or astaxanthin to 20 or 30 mg/kg of feed for 30 days reduced the number of leukocytes and hemoglobin in the blood compared to the control, which received an equivalent amount of refined sunflower oil in the diet. Lycopene and astaxanthin supplements, regardless of dose and duration of administration, did not affect the titer of antibodies to Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian rhinotracheitis, and egg drop syndrome in serum of vaccinated laying hens. The obtained data can be used to justify the optimal dose and term of feeding of lycopene or astaxanthin supplements in the development of a model of carotenoid enrichment of chicken egg yolks.
Sowing time and seeding rate in the new wheat varieties cultivation for seeds
Authors: Butkovskaya L K , Kozulina N S
Published: October 2021

The most effective agricultural techniques in the production of high-quality and productive seeds of wheat varieties are the sowing time and seeding rate. The results of the study showed that the best time for new varieties of wheat in the conditions of 2019-2020. is sowing on May 25 with a seeding rate of 5.5 million viable grains per hectare. In terms of yield, the promising variety Beiskaya surpassed the zoned variety Krasnoyarskaya 12 in all variants by 0.1 - 0.3 t / ha. The response of varieties to seeding rates is more noticeable at a late sowing period: the difference in yield in thinned and thickened crops was 0.4 t / ha, while at an early date - 0.2 t / ha. Indicators of the parameters of the elements of the structure of yield (weight of 1000 grains, grain content of an ear, productive stalk) increased with a late sowing period. Analysis of variance of wheat varieties by yield revealed that this indicator significantly depended on the sowing time - 54%, seeding rates - 22%, as well as on the hereditary characteristics of the studied forms - 14%. The seed multiplication factor (the ratio of the mass of harvested seeds to the mass of sown seeds) was 20-22 at a seeding rate of 3.5 million germinating grains per hectare for both varieties and 12-14 at a seeding rate of 5.5 million germinating grains per hectare; the reduced seeding rate allows you to get an additional 4-6 tons of seeds.
Cellulose-decomposing activity of soil biota in field crop rotations
Authors: Zamyatin S A , Maximova R B , Maksutkin S A
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of long-term experiments to study the biological activity of sod-podzolic soil in field crop rotations. It is established that the greatest activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms on the natural background of fertility is observed in the II fruit-bearing crop rotation, with the introduction of manure for potatoes -54.7 %. The lowest biological activity of the soil for 90 days was observed in the grain-grass crop rotation (83% of cereals) – 43.4 %. The application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation significantly increases the biological activity of the soil in relation to the non – wind background, and a fairly high rate of decomposition of flax was observed in the second fruit - bearing crop rotation – 24.9% for the first 45 days, 56.8% for 90 days. The correlation analysis (1998-2019) between the average decomposition of linen under crops for the entire growing season and the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (GTC) showed a close direct relationship, which in the first period of exposure (45 days) was 0.87… 0.90, in the second period of exposure – 0.86 … 0.89.
The influence of a fallow field on the formation of an agrocenosis and the productivity of spring wheat in the Orenburg Cis-Uralse
Authors: Yu Skorokhodov V
Published: October 2021

The article presents the data of long-term field experience on the productivity of wheat and agrocenosis in crop rotations obtained under the influence of different types of fallow in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the aftereffect of precursors of different pairs in the formation of agrocenosis and productivity of spring wheat under conditions of unstable moisture in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Field experiments were carried out from 2011 to 2020 in rainfed conditions on two agricultural feeding grounds: fertilized (N40P80K40) and unfertilized. Studies have established the consumption of productive moisture in a meter layer during the growing season of fallow crops and spring wheat. In occupied pairs, the largest amount of productive moisture is used (in the soil-protective one, 98.9 mm, in the green manure, 93.8 mm). A large amount of productive moisture is used by spring wheat (hard and soft) in the aftereffect of black fallows (111.0 and 96.3 mm, respectively). As a result of the replacement of black fallows in the crop rotation with occupied ones, the ratio of segetal vegetation in the agrocenosis changes, which leads to an increase in the number of perennials in the crops of the second and subsequent crops of the crop rotation. The use of different types of steam in crop rotations with the appropriate agricultural technology allows to reduce the contamination of crops by various groups of weeds.
Study of the use of compound feeds in the cultivation of koi carp Cyprinus carpio haematopterus
Authors: Kovalenko M V , Krasilnikova A A
Published: October 2021

The object of study – koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). The aim of this work was the analysis of piscicultural-biological results of growing koi in 2 variants of feed – Coppens and Tetra. During the experiment to determine the water resistance of the granules of the feed, it was established the time of complete dissolution of the feed in the aqueous medium. The leader of the resistance to water was feed Coppens. Feed German company Tetra showed faster solubility than the Dutch product. Fish-breeding and biological indicators of koi carp also had differences in experimental cultivation. The leader in terms of the increase in linear and weight growth was again the feed Coppens (absolute growth was 6.72 g, the average daily increase – 0.22 g). Feed Tetra showed relatively lower results of growth of the studied fish (absolute increase – 5,15 g; average daily increase – 0,17 g). Mass of fish that were fed with Coppens feed has increased by 156%, Tetra – 116%.
Experimental study of the extraction process of coniferous plants
Authors: Djuraev Khayrullo , Yodgorova Mamura , Usmonov Akhtam , Mizomov Mukhammad
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studying the influence of such factors as the contact surface of the phases, the degree of grinding of the material, the nature of the flow and the ratio of the two phases called the hydro-module. It has been experimentally proven that at a hydro-module of 1: 4.1: 5, soluble components diffuse to the surface of the material, mixing and dissolving almost completely. By choosing a more acceptable hydro-module, it is possible to obtain a large percentage yield of the extract with the most valuable components, as well as to intensify the extraction process.
Revision of blood-sucking mosquitoes’ fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of Tyumen and Kurgan regions
Authors: Khlyzova T A
Published: October 2021

As a result of the studies carried out in 2004–2020, the faunistic lists of blood-sucking mosquitoes were replenished in the south of Tyumen region with 7 new species for the region (Aedes rossicus Dolbeskin, Gorickaja et Mitrofanova, 1930, A. albescens (Edwards, 1921), A. subdiversus (Martini, 1926), A. implicatus (Vockeroth, 1954), A. mercurator (Dyar, 1920), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), C. ochroptera (Peus, 1935)), Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2 species (Aedes nigrinus ( Eckstein, 1918), A. behningi (Martini, 1926)), Kurgan region - 2 species (Aedes pionips (Dyar, 1919), Culiseta bergrothi (Edwards, 1921)).
Physiological changes in the blood of calves by plant food when using Katozal
Authors: Yu Zavalishina S
Published: October 2021

An increase in livestock productivity is closely linked to an increase in calf vitality. This can be achieved using a number of approaches, including through the use of a number of biological stimulants in calves. The effectiveness of their use can be determined during the assessment of the main hematological parameters. As a result of 7 courses of daily use of 15.0 ml of Katozal plant nutrition in calves per animal, physiologically optimal changes in blood parameters were achieved. The results obtained as a result of regular injections of Katozal are regarded as highly physiologically beneficial for increasing the viability of animals and increasing their productive potential. The achieved dynamics of hematological parameters can be considered as a marker of the formation in the body of calves under the influence of Katozal of the situation, contributing to a pronounced increase in the processes of anabolism. The use of the drug Katozal is very promising for biological stimulation of calves at the end of early ontogenesis.
Adaptation of wheat varieties under combined stress
Authors: Gurova T A
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studies of adaptive reactions of 10-day-old seedlings of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 44, Sibirskaya 21 and Omskaya 18 under combined stress. The indices of growth, accumulation of wet and dry biomass and permeability of cell membranes by specific electrical conductivity (EC) of leaf extracts under the combined action of chloride salinity (1.3%) and hyperthermia of seeds (43 °C) were studied. Chloride salinization without preliminary heating of seeds caused mainly a decrease in adaptive capacity and a loss of cultivar resistance (a decrease in growth to 57.2%, a decrease in biomass to 35.2%, an increase in EC up to 5.7 times). The most resistant cultivar is Omskaya 18. Preliminary hyperthermia of seeds increased the resistance of seedlings to the subsequent action of chloride salinization (decrease in EC to 56.2%, inhibition of biomass accumulation and growth by up to 14 times). The protective effect of hyperthermia during the subsequent action of salinity is most pronounced in the Sibirskaya 21 variety.
Influence of environmental factors on the development and conservation of sturgeon young
Authors: Khoroshailo T A , Alekseeva Y A , Garmaev B D , Martemyanova A A
Published: October 2021

Commercial sturgeon breeding is one of the promising areas of aquaculture. This is not only an integral part of the production of valuable protein products, but also the main source of replenishing the number of sturgeon fish, especially rare and endangered species. This paper examines studies on the influence of environmental factors on the development and safety of sturgeon fry in a sturgeon breeding enterprise in the Krasnodar Territory, carried out on juvenile Russian sturgeon. It was found that the control group was reared for 213 days, the experimental group for 152 days. The average water temperature during the growing period was 20.39°C for the control group and 21. 19°C for the experimental group. The oxygen concentration was at the level of 73.6% in the control group and 76.6% in the experimental one. The pH level in water for the control group was 8.15, for the experimental one – 7.51; the concentration of nitrites for the control group was 0.025, for the experimental group it was 0.017. The average nitrate index is 0.96 and 0.84, in the control and experimental groups, respectively. The weight growth of sturgeons of the first group was higher, with the same initial weight, the final weight of juveniles in the experimental group was 97.4 grams, which is 14.8 grams more than juveniles in the control group. And the weight gain was 174.4% in the control group, and 222.5% in the experimental group. The average linear growth was also higher in the experimental group – 25.8 cm, in the control group – 24.1 cm. The increase in length was 76.7% in the experimental group, 68.5% in the control group. The survival rate of juveniles in the experimental group was 90.7% (136 specimens of Russian sturgeon out of 150), in the control group it was 86%.
Donor-acceptor relations influence on the modern spring wheat varieties photosynthetic system activity
Authors: Amelin A V , Chekalin E I , Zaikin V V , Mazalov V I , Ikusov R A
Published: October 2021

The article presents the field experiments’ many years results on the leaves photosynthetic activity manifestation varietal aspects study in spring wheat plants. It was shown on 25 modern cultivars that the leaf photosynthesis intensity significantly depends on the donor-acceptor relationships in nature, which are determined by the plants’ hereditary characteristics, the growth phase, location and vegetation conditions. The most active CO2 molecules assimilation from the air is the plants flag leaf, on which the main fruit load falls. During the caryopsis formation period, in photosynthesis intensity terms, it exceeded the pre-flag leaf by an average of 1.5 times, and the lower one by 2.7 times. In special model field experiments, it was found that its removal from plants leads to an increase in the pre-flag leaf photosynthesis intensity by an average of 35.4%, and the third from the top - by 28.0%. When the flag leaf remains alone, and the rest are removed, its CO2 assimilation intensity increases only by 5.6%. It was concluded that the spring wheat genetic resources are characterized by a plant leaves photosynthesis intensity sufficiently wide polymorphism to effectively select forms with a photosynthesis high activity and purposefully use inbreeding. Work in this direction may well be successful since the leaves photosynthesis intensity in culture plants is high hereditary conditioning.
Identification of drought resistance in winter wheat varieties in terms of xeromorphy and water-holding capacity
Authors: Varavkin V A
Published: October 2021

The effect of high temperatures on the xeromorphism of leaves and the water-holding capacity of various ecotypes tissues of winter wheat has been studied. In the weather conditions of 2013 in the forest-steppe zone, according to the xeromorphism of the flag leaf structure, a significant variation in the number of stomata in the studied wheat varieties was revealed. Significant differences were noted in winter wheat varieties in the number of stomata at the beginning of earing and flowering, with the exception of the Gordovita and Sonechko varieties. An increase in the number of stomata per leaf area unit corresponds to a smaller cell size, that is, an increase in xeromorphism. Varieties Natalka, Rozkishna, Sonechko, Bilitsya are characterized by the highest xeromorphism and by a high adaptive potential in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone. In the phase of the beginning of earing and flowering in the weather conditions of 2014, significant differences were defined between winter wheat varieties in the number of stomata on flag leaves. The exceptions for this indicator were Sonechko, Rozkishna, Gordovita, Pilipovka varieties. According to the parameter of the highest xeromorphism, the varieties Sonechko, Rozkishna, Gordovita were identified. This characterizes them as ecotypes with a high adaptive potential to arid conditions that arise when growing crops in a given zone. During the studies in 2013-2015 the varioust ability of winter wheat varieties to retain water, depending on their genetic characteristics and the duration of the action of the extreme environmental factor was identified. The varieties of winter wheat that have a higher water-holding capacity of tissues, after the impact on stress factor during 1.5 hours, include: Sonechko, Yuvilyar Mironivsky, Krasnodarskaya 99, in Memory of Craft.
Evaluation of the mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of plant raw materials for functional and food purposes
Authors: Prokopchuk T M , Kondratenko E I , Bataeva U V
Published: October 2021

This study is devoted to the study of the mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of extracts of Elaeágnus angustifólia L. using the Ames bacterial test system. The experiments used a strain of the bacterium Salmonella t. TA100. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that plant extracts in the range of the studied concentrations (from 1 to 0.01 mg / ml) do not have a mutagenic potential. Extracts of flowers and leaves of the plant in the range of the studied concentrations had a pronounced antimutagenic potential. The fruit pulp extract had a moderate antimutagenic potential.
Role of growth regulators with anti-stress properties in overwintering and productivity of winter wheat
Authors: Bakaeva N P , Saltykova O L , Prikazchikov M S
Published: October 2021

The paper states that study of the production process of winter wheat plants, including overwintering of plants. It showed that the plants treatment with biological products Albit and Moddus in the phase of 3-5 leaves had a positive effect on the studied parameters. The treatment with Albit increased the number of shoots and plant height, while Moddus increased the mass of plants and roots, the number of secondary roots and leaves, and the content of sugars and monosaccharides. The treatment with Moddus helped to preserve some overwintered plants by 6%, and Albit by 5% in comparison to untreated ones. The loss of sugars was insignificant, up to 5% for untreated plants, up to 4.6% when treated with Albit, and up to 3.8% when treated with Moddus. The sugar content in the tillering nodes was 16.2%, when treated with Albit was more by 10%. The sugar content in the tillering nodes was 16.2%, when treated with Moddus was by 21%, i.e., with an even more significant volume. The fully ripe grain had a high content of sugars and starch. The treatment with Albit promoted an increase in starch up to 16%, and with Moddus, an increase in sugars by 26%. The mass of a thousand grains and grain yield increased when treated with Albit and Moddus. The mass of 1000 seeds was equal to 2.5 g, the yield when treated with Albit by 16%, and it increased with Moddus by 20%.
Monitoring of urban pollution as an indicator of environmental engineering
Authors: Esyakova O A , Voronin V M
Published: October 2021

The comfort of the urban population living in a particular territory is characterized by a combination of factors on it. The analysis of natural, socio-economic, architectural and environmental indicators is a comprehensive system for establishing the quality of life and safety in the conditions of technogenesis. The paper presents the results of the study the trees vital state in the urban agglomeration. It is recommended to include the obtained data in the graphoanalytic structure of environmental quality laboratory studies in the framework of the priority direction of sustainable development. Based on the principles of improving and maintaining the environment with the help of bioindication methods, it becomes possible to propose preventive measures of urbanized territories degradation. The paper takes into account the response of plants and justifies the changes that occur within them under the influence of anthropogenic factors. It is established that the results of bioindication studies allow us to assess the real ecological situation of the territory and can be included in the concept of environmental engineering.
The review of aeration systems for biological wastewater treatment
Authors: Dyagelev M Yu , Pavlov I I , Nepogodin A M , Grakhova E V , Lapina A A
Published: October 2021

This article presents different aeration systems for biological wastewater treatment, their classification, also advantages and disadvantages of the most common aeration methods - pneumatic and mechanical are described. Also, proposals to reduce the energy consumption of aeration systems by maintaining the optimal range of dissolved oxygen concentration at different points of the aeration tank, depending on its type, have been prepared.
Reduction of gas and aerosol pollution of atmospheric air at a condensate stabilization units
Authors: Ivanov A V , Strizhenok A V , Vorobey R Y
Published: October 2021

There is a wide variety of uses for non-compliant hydrocarbon products in addition to utilization by flaring, but the implementation of each of them is accompanied by a number of regulatory and technological restrictions. The paper analyzes the influence of the flare system on the state of the atmospheric air in the area of one of the gas condensate production facilities in Western Siberia. A detailed analysis of the composition of the combusted gas mixture is carried out, a review of existing methods of using non-compliant hydrocarbon gas raw materials is made. The technical substantiation of the possibility of introducing a gas turbine units for power generation with the stage of intermediate gas accumulation in a soft gas tank of variable volume and also with a waste gas cleaning system to reduce the impact on the atmospheric air has been carried out. A detailed ecological and economic substantiation of the proposed measures is given.
Elbrus region - Caucasus pre-Alpine geodynamics study a key object
Authors: Kipkeeva P A , Potapenko Yu Ya , Shubaeva N V , Appoeva L I , Abaikhanova A A
Published: October 2021

The northern Elbrus region is the Greater Caucasus most thoroughly studied sector. Here, in the Bolshoi Zelenchuk Baksan interfluve, the Caucasus pre-Alpine basement, represented by a granite-metamorphic layer, is visible. The interdisciplinary research information support is considered, which covers the Caucasus pre-Alpine development two competing concepts theoretical and methodological foundations - geosynclinals and new global tectonics. The article authors have identified geological objects that disprove a large thrust structures number presence. It is shown that the Russia Petrographic Code terminology, published in 1995, is not consistent with the Stratigraphic Code terminology (1977, 1992, 2006). This led to the synonyms and homonyms emergence. Following the PK-95 requirements in the explanatory note to the K-38-1 tablet map led to the SC logically justified and consistent with the instructions’ destruction, metamorphic formations stratigraphic schemes developed over 50 years.
Current problems of environmental monitoring in urban agglomerations at the regions of Russia
Authors: Letyagina Ekaterina
Published: October 2021

This article outlines the results of a study of environmental problems and environmental monitoring conducted in large cities located in the territories of the subjects of the Russian Federation, in particular, at the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai, a subject of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, the main trends in the development of cities and the urban environment as a whole are indicated. The paper provides data on the pollution of water resources of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, caused, among other things, by the anthropogenic impact on the environment, and identifies environmental problems arising from the functioning and development of large urban agglomerations. In addition, the tasks and problems associated with the realization of environmental monitoring have been investigated, the prospects for its application in cities have been determined, and the tasks solvable by using data on the state of the natural urban environment, as well as areas close to the city and experiencing serious impacts due to the livelihood of the urban population, have been identified. Within the study, sufficient attention is paid to the issues of ensuring the purity of water resources used in urban agglomerations, the issues of environmental pollution caused by accumulations of waste of the urban population at urban landfills, as well as landfills positioned in areas adjacent to cities, the problems of changes in the landscape, soil, and vegetation cover in large cities. The issues of atmospheric air pollution in large urban agglomerations are also considered.
Mechanized complex of mine water purification from large mechanical impurities
Authors: Ovchinnikov N P
Published: October 2021

It is well known that the main reason for the failure of sectional pumps in underground mines is the extensive hydroabrasive wear of their impellers. The rate of hydroabrasive wear of the impellers of sectional pumps largely depends on the size of solid particles contained in mine waters. Within the framework of this research work, in order to reduce the rate of hydroabrasive wear of parts of the flow path of sectional pumps of mine drainage installations, in particular impellers, a mechanized complex was developed and sufficiently substantiated for cleaning mine water from large solid particles. It is based on the use of a hydrocyclone and a high-frequency screen. Introduction of the developed technical solution in mine drainage systems will reduce the intensity of hydroabrasive wear of sectional pump impellers.
Cadastral assessment of the land of settlements taking into account environmental factors
Authors: Badmaeva S E , Badmaeva Y V , Gorbunova Y V , Eutushenko S V
Published: October 2021

The methodology for calculating the cadastral assessment of land in recent years has undergone a number of changes in general, and in particular in establishing the adequate value of land plots in settlements. When determining the cadastral value of land as a part of land in settlements, factors affecting pricing are not always taken into account. One of these factors can be ecological conditions of the environment and engineering - geological conditions of construction.
Ensuring safety in gas mine development
Authors: Shamsutdinova I I , Vadulina N V , Salimov A O , Ponomoraev A I , Ismatov J F
Published: October 2021

In the Russian Federation, the main gas reserves are located in Siberia, and they are also present in the North Caucasus and the Black Sea basin. The largest gas fields in Russia are in harsh climatic conditions and drilling remains the main method of their development. Prior to its use, a preliminary study of rocks is required. Safety rules in the oil and gas industry are always relevant, taking into account, as a rule, harsh natural and climatic conditions in promising gas production regions. The forecasts for the growth of Russia’s gas industry varied greatly depending on the overall future prospects for the development of the country’s economic situation. This would entail examining the risks posed by the combined effects of natural and man-made factors on the environment and human health in areas affected by the gas industry. The most effective and widespread method of gas production, but at the same time the most traumatic of the articles is drilling. The article presents the main reasons for the injury of workers during drilling operations: technical, sanitary, organizational and psychological. Based on the causes of injuries in the performance of brown work, the authors developed and presented in the article a number of measures aimed at the pre-rotation or reduction of the impact of dangerous and harmful factors on workers when drilling gas wells. Gas mixtures of explosions and fire hazards, as well as when inhaled, can lead to poisoning of workers or an emergency. The development of a list of measures to protect against peacetime emergencies for gas facilities is presented in the second part of the work in the form of organizational and engineering measures. The list of measures for protection in peacetime emergencies for gas facilities is aimed at ensuring industrial safety, emergency resistance of hazardous production facilities, creating safe working conditions during drilling operations.
Monitoring and protection of deflated agricultural landscapes of the central caucasus
Authors: Loshakov A V , Khasai N Y , Bulavinova O V , Kasmynina M G
Published: October 2021

The purpose of our work is to analyze the results of monitoring agricultural landscapes exposed to wind erosion and develop recommendations for their protection and further use, depending on their quality condition. Monitoring data allows us to assess the state of agricultural land and make recommendations for their further use. During the research, modern methods of territory survey were used, such as remote sensing of the earth using satellite images and unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as ground - based methods for detecting deflated land. Deflated areas of agricultural landscapes were identified, the area, the degree of their degradation, the causes of their occurrence and the percentage of increase in the area relative to previous surveys were determined. The results of monitoring of agricultural landscapes show that the area of land subject to wind erosion tends to increase, and in addition, there is an increase in the area of land with a medium, strong and very strong degree of degradation. The obtained research results give an idea of the current state of agricultural landscapes that have undergone deflation, and also allow us to propose a number of measures aimed at their improvement and preservation. It should also be noted that not taking urgent measures to correct the current situation will lead to the loss of large areas of agricultural land in all administrative districts of the region.
Use of organomineral sewage sludge for recultivation of disturbed by mining and processing industry lands
Authors: Bogdanov A V , Shatrova A S , Tsyrendylykova L B , Koisina M A , Shkrabo A I
Published: October 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of the use of organic-mineral waste from the pulp and paper industry for the land and dumps restoration disturbed by the mining and processing industry. The examination of the chemical, agrochemical and toxicological properties of the dumps of the Verninsky GOK were carried out. It showed their toxicity to the environment and the need for restoration. It is proposed to use soil moisture obtained from frozen colloidal sediments of sludge-lignin of the Baikal PPM OJSC (BPPM) to intensify the restoration succession. It reduces the toxic effect of dumps on higher plants and introduces the necessary nutrients. At the same time, the use of the obtained soil moistures will make it possible not only to restore lands disturbed by the mining and processing industry, but also to utilize the accumulated waste of JSC BPPM, which creates a huge socio-ecological threat for Lake Baikal and the entire Southern Baikal region.
Simulation of a three-dimensional model of the intake system of an agricultural tractor engine
Authors: Zholobov L A , Pasin A V , Novozhilov A I , Korobkov M P
Published: October 2021

The paper defines the nature and parameters of the air flow after passing the throttle valve. This research problem was solved mathematically using a software package for modeling gas-hydraulic processes. The simulation was carried out using the FlowVision software package. For this purpose, using various standard file formats, the geometry was obtained and imported, which is understood as a three-dimensional model of the internal volumes of the engine-intake and exhaust pipelines, the over-piston volume of the cylinder, etc. This allows you to use the SolidWorks computer-aided design system to create a computational domain. For the area of calculation, the volume was adopted, in which the equations of the mathematical model and the volume boundary with the definition of boundary conditions were determined. The resulting geometry is saved in the format supported by FlowVision and used when creating a new calculation variant.
Diffusion of a hydrophobisis composition in the structure of chrome skin and the influence of them on hygienic properties
Authors: Djuraev Abdujalil , Kodirov Tulkin , Shoyimov Shokhrukh , Sodikov Nuriddin , Usmanov Khalil
Published: October 2021

The main results of the study of the diffusion of the hydrophobic composition in the structure of chrome leather for the upper of the shoe are presented. In our work, the main objects for research were: acrylic emulsion A-1, polyvinyl ethinyl dihydroxychlorosilane, industrial oil IA-20, penetrator and widely used polyethyl hydrosiloxane. Based on them, a composition of water repellents was prepared in various initial ratios. Water repellents were prepared by sequentially mixing the above materials at a temperature of 20–22, ° C for 3-4 hours. When studying the effect of the mass fraction of polyvinyl ethynyl dihydroxychlorosilane mixed with synthetic polymers on the viscosity of systems, it was found that all obtained with increasing temperature have a smooth decrease in viscosity. The increase in the viscosity of the mixture is explained by the fact that a significant amount of halogen and hydroxyl groups contained in the polyvinyl ethinyl dihydroxychlorosilane macromolecules apparently contribute to the formation of sufficiently strong intermolecular bonds between the individual components in which aggregation can occur, with the formation of composite compounds. The experiments also indicate that the samples, previously moistened with a control water repellent, have a higher value of the moisture absorption index. However, after 6-10 cycles, this indicator of skin samples, previously moistened with water, gradually stabilizes. This is obviously due to the fact that water in subsequent processes in contact with the skin form rather strong bonds with the structural elements of the dermis. Therefore, the wetness of chrome leather for the upper of the shoe is reduced, as a result of which the water resistance of the upper of the shoe is increased.
Uncertainty of the first type in industrial ecology
Authors: Gazya G V , Eskov V M
Published: October 2021

The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the human body of those working in the North of the Russian Federation in many cases remains difficult to identify. The reaction of the cardiovascular system to this factor in many cases is rather difficult to register within the framework of traditional statistics. However, it is possible to use artificial neural networks in two new modes. In this case, for each feature separation procedure xi(t), we set the initial values of the weights wio of the features xi(t) chaotically, i.e. wio ∈ (0, 1). We repeat the neural network setup many times (at least 1000 iterations) and the resulting samples xi(t) are ranked. If the weights wi after 1000 iterations show values above the statistical mean  ≥ 0.05, then such j-th features can be considered the main (or order parameters). As a result, we have now formalized the procedure for finding the order parameters, that is, we have formalized the system synthesis (finding the main features).
Thermodynamic values of the adsorption of methanol and ethanol molecules in zeolite NH4ZSM-5
Authors: Abdulkhaev Tolibjon , Kuldasheva Shakhnoza , Raximova Gulnara , Aripova Mukarram , Toshev Sherzod
Published: October 2021

Differential heats, isotherm, entropies and thyromimetics of methanol and ethanol adsorption in the NH4ZSM-5 zeolite were measured at 303K. The isotherm of adsorption was quantitatively reproduced on the basis of TVOM theory. The detailed mechanism of methanol and ethanol adsorption in (NH4)1,35ZSM-5 zeolite from zero filling to saturation was discovered.
Promising methods of chemical melioration of mobile soils and sands using composition from local structuring formers
Authors: Adizova Nargiza , Abdurakhimov Saidakbar , Kuldasheva Shakhnoza , Axmadjonov Ilxomjon
Published: October 2021

An analysis of the literature on the preparation of fixers for mobile saline sands and their use in various regions showed that the selection of the structure former should be carried out taking into account their climatic characteristics, composition and properties of the fixed dispersions, their subsequent use in breeding the corresponding flora, etc. At the same time, the forming crust (film) must have a certain mechanical strength that does not interfere with the further growth of the planted plants. Moreover, the use of industrial waste as additives will not only reduce the cost of production and use of the developed fixers, but also allow them to be disposed of without causing damage to the ecology of the region.
Features of the chemical composition and colloidal-chemical properties of local clays of Uzbekistan and their comparison with other clays
Authors: Toshev Sherzod , Obidov Hamid
Published: October 2021

This article examines the study of the chemical composition and colloidal-chemical properties of local clays of Uzbekistan and their comparison with other clays. As well as the features of the chemical composition and colloidal - chemical properties of local palygorskite clays. The distinctive features of the chemical composition and properties of local palygorskite clays of the Navai deposit (Uzbekistan) in comparison with the Cherkassky palygorskite (Ukraine) have been studied. Palygorskite clays are considered a valuable raw material for the production of special types of drilling fluids used in drilling deep salt-bearing formations.
Development of a selective carbon monoxide sensor
Authors: Abdurakhmanov E , Sidikova Kh G , Muradova Z B , Abdurakhmanova Z E
Published: October 2021

In this work, the regularities of the oxidation of combustible substances (H2, CO, CH4, and gasoline vapors) in the presence of metal oxides are revealed and catalysts for the sensitive elements of selective carbon monoxide sensors are selected on their basis. The possibility of creating a highly selective sensor using measuring and compensating heat-sensitive elements containing catalysts of different activity to the components of gas mixtures has been experimentally confirmed. The main characteristics of the developed selective carbon monoxide sensors are evaluated. The use of such sensors reduces the error of analysis, increases the instrument readings’ stability and service life, and improves reproducibility and selectivity in the continuous automatic determination of gas components in the measurement area.
Fractional composition of the waste yellow oil
Authors: Tilloev Lochin , Dustov Khamro
Published: October 2021

In this article, the authors study the separation of the oily part of the waste oil yellow yellow oil into fractions by driving it on special drive with electric heater, as well as the refractive index of the separated fractions. The fractional composition of yellow oil is given in the table. Based on the results, recommendations are given for the use of the extracted fractions in various industries.
Reduction the viscosity of oil-slime emulsions of heavy oils using gas condensate
Authors: Ochilov Abdurakhim , Sattorov Mirvokhid , Yamaletdinova Aygul , Bokieva Shakhnoza
Published: October 2021

For breakdown of each type of stable oil-water and oil-slime emulsions, individual approaches for selection of effective emulsion breakers or their compositions with the determination of optimal conditions for their use are required. Solution to such a complex problem is achieved using integrated approach that includes a number of colloidal-chemical, technological and other research methods. In this case, we offer technology of dehydration and desalting of stable water-oil and oil-slime emulsions using the created compositions of emulsion breakers and viscosity-lowering agent, i.e. gas condensate.
Development of a selective sensor for the determination of hydrogen
Authors: Abdurakhmanov E , Murodova Z B , Eshkobilova M E , Sidikova Kh G
Published: October 2021

The composition of the catalyst (70% ZrO2 and 30% Cu2O) and the optimal conditions for the selectivity of hydrogen oxidation in the presence of combustible ingredients have been developed. Using a selected catalyst and optimal conditions, selective thermocatalytic hydrogen sensors are manufactured. In the range of hydrogen concentrations of 0.11 – 4.10% vol. the dependence of the sensor signal on the concentration is rectilinear. With continuous operation of the sensor for 1000 hours, the signal value remains stable. The presence of carbon monoxide (up to 1.4%), ammonia (up to 1.7%), and methane (up to 1.2%) in the analyzed mixture does not affect the value of the output signal of the hydrogen sensor. The developed sensors can be used as part of automatic gas analyzers and signaling devices.
Comprehensive analysis of the treatment plant operation
Authors: Kurbangaleeva M Kh , Giniyatullin R Kh
Published: October 2021

Comparison of the content of manganese (II) andiron (III) ion sin river water and waste water, taking in to account the differentiation of the annual cycle, is carried out. It will allow moving to a comprehensive analysis of the treatment plant. The efficiency checking of the reduction of manganese (II) and iron (III) for a certain period was carried out, taking into account the constant consumption of the volume of water. The efficiency of wastewater treatment from manganese (II) ions is on average 31%, from iron (III) ions - 35%. The results obtained indicate the need for additional measures aimed at minimizing the content of manganese (II) and iron (III) ions in the process waters before the treatment plant. To minimize the content of these ions, it is necessary to select an effective and economic mode for purifying process waters. Purification of process waters from ions of manganese (II) and iron (III) was carried out using the following reagents: potassium permanganate; sodium sulfide; soda ash and sodium phosphate in stage-to-stage processing; suspensions of strong as well as weak milk of lime and brine sludge. For the purification of process waters from ions of manganese (II) and iron (III), industrial waste was proposed: the suspension of weak lime milk obtained after washing large quenching waste(large green coke - incompletely burned material) and used for transporting small quenching waste (small waste) to the sludge collector channel, and brine sludge suspension.
Pharmacological effects at the chronic administration of Melilotus officinalis L. extract
Authors: Schepetova E V , Abdurakhmanova N M , Lomteva N A , Kondratenko E I , Kasimova S K
Published: October 2021

We studied the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Melilotus officinalis L. after chronic administration to male rats. In Melilotus officinalis L. contains flavonoids, polysarides, triterpene saponins, ascorbic acid, coumarins, tannins. To study the pharmacological action, a biochemical analysis of blood and urine, a hematological blood test, a study of the coagulation system and behavioral properties in the Suok test were carried out. Chronic administration of the Melilotus officinalis L. extract led to a decrease in patterns of orientation-exploratory behavior, an increase in the level of anxiety. The activity of such enzymes as AST and alkaline phosphatase under long-term administration of the Melilotus officinalis L. significantly increased, while the activity of ALT decreased, in addition, there was a significant increase in blood coagulation. Thus, chronic administration of the extract to laboratory animals for 21 days revealed its toxic effect, manifested in liver disorders, changes in the blood coagulation system, and a decrease in pattern-research behavior.
Growth and formation of cones of 56-year-old Siberian Cedar trees in geographical plantings
Authors: Matveeva R N , Butorova O F , Schenmaier N A , Dyrdin S N
Published: October 2021

The variability of the Siberian cedar in terms of the intensity of growth and yield, growing on the site “Continuation of the geoschool” in the suburban area of Krasnoyarsk, is considered. The trees were grown from the seeds of the Tanzybei (Krasnoyarsk Territory) and the Altai (Altai Republic) populations. The layout is 4×4 m. The height, diameter of the trunk, crown, and the number of cones on the tree have been determined. It was found that the average height of trees of different geographical origin is 11.5 and 12.9 m, the trunk diameter is 24.6 and 25.2 cm, respectively. The level of variability of growth indicators is medium and high. The number of cones on the tree ranged from 10 to 159. Trees were selected that differ in growth intensity and yield for the cultivation of selective planting material.
Influence of river water expansion on the spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a in the Kara Sea
Authors: Makarevich P R , Vodopianova V V , Bulavina A S , Vashenko P S , Makhotin M S
Published: October 2021

In August-September 2013, the thermohaline characteristics of water masses and the concentration of chlorophyll-a were studied in the Kara Sea. Expansion of surface desalinated water to the north, according to the central type, influenced the spatial distribution of chlorophyll. Beyond the boundary of the Stock Front, the average pigment concentration in the surface layer was 0.45±0.16 mg/m3. In the area affected by the surface desalinated layer, most of the chlorophyll (0 m – 1.04±0.27 mg/m3, 5 m – 0.97±0.27 mg/m3, 10 m – 0.69±0.36 mg/m3) was localized within this layer (10-17 m). High concentrations were observed in the bays of the Kara Sea. The maximum concentration of chlorophyll-a in the surface layer of the Ob Bay was 4.22 mg/m3, in the Yenisei Bay – 3.22 mg/m3.
Modernization of state and legal regulation for the conservation of biodiversity
Authors: Babaeva A A , Kubrikova A S , Safronov V V , Farafontova E L , Shcheblyakov E S
Published: October 2021

In the presented work, an attempt is made to consider the legal genesis of the current legislation in the field of environmental relations, due to the dynamics of legal regulation of the state’s activities for the conservation of biological diversity in the territory of the Russian Federation. The aspect of the implementation of environmental functions assigned to the state, aimed at achieving goals for the conservation of biodiversity, is highlighted. Research into the issue of state legal regulation for the conservation of biological diversity on the territory of the country is based, first of all, on regulatory legal acts that should establish norms, principles, requirements that give rise to the entire legal implementation process. In the proposed materials, the authors drew attention to the range of state and legal regulation of environmental relations over the past three years, since it is recently that national legislation in the field of ensuring the conservation of biodiversity has been dynamically developing. This allows to speak about the creation of a regulatory framework, which can become a proper organizational and legal instrument in the system for the implementation of environmental rights, the legitimate interests of a person, society and the state.