bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS (CFRP) MONOCOQUE STRUCTURE FOR FORMULA STUDENT CAR
Authors: GARCIA-POZUELO RAMOS DANIEL , SANCHEZ MARTINEZ CARLOS , OLMEDA SANTAMARIA ESTER , DIAZ LOPEZ VICENTE
Published: January 2020

In this study it has been proposed a monocoque structure for a Formula Student car based on sandwich composite panels made of an upper and a lower facesheet of epoxy reinforced carbon fiber with a foam core placed between them.
Torsional stiffness and weight of the final chassis have been evaluated by using FEM as well as physical representative tests of the laminated panels to fulfil the requirements of Formula Student Germany rules and to ensure safety for the drivers.
Ona of the highlighted novelty of the study is that it is focused on the real conditions of this competition teams and the process is completely guided by the necessity to fulfil the competition requirements in a very few months.
STUDY OF THE ENGINEERING EVOLUTION OF THE WINE INDUSTRY THROUGH THE CLASSICAL PAINTING
Authors: MONTES BALADO NIEVES , SANCHEZ-PINEDA DE LAS INFANTAS MARIA TERESA , BURGOS LADRON DE GUEVARA ENRIQUE , GARCIA MOLINA DIEGO FRANCISCO
Published: January 2020

The evolution of agriculture and the agri-food industry can be studied from many sources, but one of the most exciting is to do it through painting.
The first artistic representations appear in the Egyptian culture in the tombs of the pharaohs. Later Greek and Roman mythology is one of the great themes of European painting as these cultures have associated Mediterranean crops and their transformation to a protective deity. In Greek mythology, the God of wine was Dionysus and in Roman mythology he will know him as the god Bacchus. Mythological scenes have been abundant in classical painting, especially in Renaissance artists.
Associating agricultural engineering and more specifically the different mechanical processes existing in winemaking and how these have been represented pictorially according to different ideological concepts has been a very broad and difficult challenge to address. Therefore, in this work we will see how they have been treated by medieval painters of the early modern age, the cultivation of the grapevine and the extraction of the grape juice, in three passages less known by our modern society: firstly the vintage and the winepress of the blessed, followed by the mystic winepress, the treading of the grapes in the master Wenceslao and how the evolution of the winemaking teams has been associated and their representation until our days to finally cease to be attractive for their representation.
In the studied works we have observed how the technique and the existing equipment has lasted for many centuries in the medieval presses, but that if the symbolism and the iconography have been direct factors that conditioned the pictorial representation in the winemaking processes.

Key Words: classic painting, wine engineering, enology, theology, mythology, mystic winepress, vintage, stepped pan, beam and quintal press, vertical press with double spindle, cellar, sacrament, iconography.
OPEN INNOVATION IN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATIONS: AN EXPLORATION OF THE PHENOMENON
Authors: SOLER MENDOZA YOSNIEL , SOSA GUTIERREZ AMAURY , TOURON ALONSO GEYNE , ARRIBAS GARCIA IDOIA
Published: January 2020

The objective of this paper is to study the effect of the partial substitution of the most used natural aggregates in the western region of Cuba, specifically in Havana, by mixed recycled aggregates and the total substitution of the natural filler, lime hydrate, by ladle furnace slag, in the elaboration of recycled masonry mortars. The properties provided by recycled mortars are compared to those offered by a standard mortar, made with natural sand and natural filler, and with standard regulation these products at Cuba. The results achieved are satisfactory, since the mortars made with recycled materials meet the requirements required for masonry mortars type III (suitable laying and coating mortars for use on the ground level).
SUSTAINABLE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTIONS: DETERMINATION OF GASES GREENHOUSE EFECT IN A UNIVERSITY CENTER AND STRATEGIES TO DECREASE THEM
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ ANDARA ALEJANDRO , RIO  BELVER ROSA MARIA , GARCIA MARINA VANESSA
Published: January 2020

The objective of this work is to determine the carbon footprint of a university building. This work is considered as a contribution aimed at integrating sustainability in its management, determining the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions and proposing solutions to reduce its environmental impact. This educational center houses 1064 students of Engineering and is located at the campus of the University of the Basque Country in Vitoria-Spain. The methodology applied to calculate greenhouse gas emissions follows the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment of Spain (MAPAMA). It was found that an adequate environmental management system eases the calculation of these emissions and the source identifications. It was assessed that the carbon footprint for the studied institution was 0.558 t CO2 eq/ person-year and 0.635t CO2 eq/student-year. With regard to direct emissions, 205.15 t CO2eq / year and indirect 392 t CO2eq / year were detected, for the last year studied.
For this edifice, it is proposed that the appropriate measures to reduce the carbon footprint should focus on changing the current energy source used for the air conditioning of the building, what is now natural gas, and improving the insulation system. The calculation method depends on emission factors that are representative. Thus, it is recommended to continue researching in order to set emission factors, which can be applied specifically for university buildings. In this way, the methodology would be standardized and more accurate comparisons could be established between related studies.

Keywords: Global Change, Carbon Footprint, Sustainability, Responsible university management, decrease carbon dioxide emissions.
MANIPULATION OF METAHEURISTICS FOR THE SEARCH OF TYPICAL TESTERS
Authors: GALLEGOS ACOSTA ALEXIS EDMUNDO , TORRES  SOTO MARIA DOLORES , ALVAREZ RODRIGUEZ FRANCISCO JAVIER , TORRES SOTO AURORA
Published: January 2020

One of the tasks of pattern recognition is the selection of subsets of characteristics (SSC), which makes it possible to identify characteristics that provide relevant information. There are different approaches to apply SSC being the logical-combinatory approach through the theory of testers, a widely used tool. A testor is a subset of characteristics capable of distinguishing objects of different classes. Testers in their minimal expression are known as typical testers (TT). Finding them allows distinguishing relevant variables from redundant or irrelevant ones, so that data analysis models become simpler and more understandable, improving their performance and decreasing computational requirements.
Israel Gaytán
Authors: Guerrero David , Córcoles César
Published: January 2020

Israel Gaytán es desarrollador de aplicaciones RIA y miembro de la comunidad MadeInFlex. En esta entrevista nos explica cómo funciona esa comunidad y nos ayuda a entender mejor qué se esconde tras la palabra RIA. Las características de estas aplicaciones, su futuro y las razones para experimentar con ellas son algunas de las preguntas que se resuelven.
Tutorial de Audacity
Authors: Caño Carlos
Published: January 2020

La edición de sonido es el proceso a través del que convertimos en definitivos los elementos sonoros "en bruto" que se combinan en una producción audiovisual. Audacity es una herramienta que nos permite generar, editar y, en definitiva, manipular contenido sonoro a través de múltiples formatos.
MIX 2010, el futuro de la web según Microsoft
Authors: Bosch Jesús
Published: January 2020

MIX 2010 es un importante evento organizado por Microsoft, en un ambiente poco convencional: Las Vegas. Su objetivo es ofrecer la visión que tiene Microsoft del futuro de la web para los diferentes dispositivos actuales y futuros. También tiene una importante parte social, en la que cualquier desarrollador o diseñador puede conectar con los creadores de herramientas tan utilizadas como Internet Explorer...
Diseño centrado en el usuario de materiales educativos para dispositivos móviles
Authors: Rivera José Manuel
Published: January 2020

Los smartphones y dispositivos móviles se están generalizando y las opciones disponibles en el mercado cada vez son más altas. José Manuel Rivera, product manager en el departamento de Tecnología Educativa de la UOC, repasa en este artículo los diversos formatos de materiales educativos que ofrece la UOC para dispositivos móviles.
José Miguel Aragonés
Authors: Guerrero David , Córcoles César
Published: January 2020

La proliferación de pantallas táctiles en el espacio público y en los teléfonos móviles es evidente. José Miguel Aragonés es director de Art Studio Multimedia y Visualpanel, empresas especializadas en contenidos y sistemas táctiles e interactivos. En esta entrevista, nos explica las tecnologías táctiles que se están utilizando y las posibilidades de interacción que permiten éstas pantallas.
Das gute Leben
Authors: Viholm Karsten Trolle , Smith Christian
Published: January 2020

Dieser Text beschreibt, auf welche Weise die folgenden Unterrichtsentwürfe zum Thema "Das gute Leben" für Innovation im Deutschunterricht sorgen.
Menschliche Beziehungen
Authors: Høyer Lise
Published: January 2020

Das Unterrichtsmodell behandelt das Thema der menschlichen Beziehungen, wie z.B. Freundschaft, Familie, aber auch Themen wie Missgunst und Neid. Die Schüler werden aufgefordert, Konflikte, die sie in deutschsprachigen Texten finden, in Gruppen kreativ zu verarbeiten.
Gesunder Körper, gesunder Geist
Authors: Pietzuch Anja
Published: January 2020

Das Unterrichtsmodell spannt den Bogen vom Thema Körper, Gesundheit und Arztbesuch bis hin zu Schönheitsidealen und mentaler Gesundheit. Die Schüler sollen abschließend einen Kommentartext zu einem Forumsbeitrag im Internet schreiben.
A new p-terphenyl derivative from the insect-derived fungus Aspergillus candidus Bdf-2 and the synergistic effects of terphenyllin
Authors: Shan Tijiang , Wang Yuyang , Wang Song , Xie Yunying , Cui Zehua , Wu Chunyin , Sun Jian , Wang Jun , Mao Ziling
Published: January 2020

A new p-terphenyl derivative 4″-deoxy-2′-methoxyterphenyllin (1), along with six known p-terphenyl derivatives (2–7), a known flavonoid derivative dechlorochlorflavonin (8) and a known fellutanine A (9), were isolated from the insect-derived strain of the fungus Aspergillus candidus Bdf-2, associated with Blaptica dubia. The structure of 1 was established by the analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds 1–9 were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Ralstonia solanacearum, and for antioxidant activities. Synergistic effects of compound 2 with the other compounds were also investigated. As a result, compound 6 displayed the best antibacterial activities in all single compound with MIC value of 32 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC29213 and R. solanacearum, respectively. However, no antibacterial effect against E. coli ATCC25922 was detected from any single compound. The combination of 2 + 6 exhibited obvious synergistic effect against S. aureus ATCC29213 and the MIC value was 4 µg/mL. Compound 6 also showed the best antioxidant activity as a single compound with an IC50 value of 17.62 µg/mL. Combinations of 5 + 6, 2 + 4 + 5 and 2 + 4 + 5 + 6 displayed synergistic effect and their antioxidant activities were better than that of any single compound.
Testing marine regional-scale hypotheses along the Yucatan continental shelf using soft-bottom macrofauna
Authors: Hernandez-Avila Ivan , Ocaña Frank A. , Pech Daniel
Published: January 2020

Different hypotheses related to the regional-scale configuration of the Yucatan Continental Shelf (YCS) between the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and the Caribbean Sea have been proposed. Hypotheses regarding its regional boundaries include: (i) an ecoregional boundary at Catoche Cape, dividing the Western Caribbean and the Southern GoM ecoregions; and (ii) a boundary within the Southern GoM ecoregion at 89°W, separating the West and Mid-Yucatan areas. We tested the hypothesis of no variation in benthic macrofaunal assemblages between regions delimited by the former boundaries using the species and functional traits of soft-bottom macrofauna. We considered that the depth and temporal environmental dynamics might interact with regional variations, generating complex benthic community patterns. The data were collected over five years (2010–2012, 2015–2016) at 86 stations (N = 1, 017 samples, 10–270 m depth), comprising 1,327 species with 45 combinations of functional traits. The variation in species composition and functional trait assemblages were both consistent with the occurrence of three separate regions in the Yucatan Peninsula (West Yucatan, Mid-Yucatan and Western Caribbean). This regional configuration was consistent with changes in assemblage structure and depth zonation as well as temporal variation. Along with spatial and temporal variation, diversity diminished with depth and different regions exhibited contrasting patterns in this regard. Our results suggest that the spatial and temporal variation of soft-bottom macrofauna at YCS demonstrate the complex organization of a carbonate shelf encompassing different regions, which may represent transitional regions between the Caribbean and the GoM.
Does “Resetting” by Changing Corporate Name or Industry Category Appeals to Institutional Investments?
Authors: Huang Paoyu , Ni Yensen , Cheng Yirung
Published: January 2020

We investigate whether firms changing their names or industry categories once and more than once would affect institutional shareholdings. By utilizing 5,733 observations of the Taiwan Stock Exchange listed firms, we apply multiple regression models firstly and Petersen regression models for further investigation to enhance the robustness of the empirical results. We then disclose several important findings as follows. First, institutional investors might not prefer holding the shares of the firms changing their names more than once. We infer that the performances of the firms changing names more than once might be doubtful. Second, institutional investors might decrease the shareholdings of the firms with industry categories changed. We claim that institutional investors might suspect these firms probably existing corporate governance issues. Besides, we argue that, to our best understanding, this study might fill the gap in the existing literature due to that the issues, firms changing their names or industry categories once or more than once, seem rarely explored in the relevant studies.
Determinants of Maize Commercialization among Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Nunu Kumba District, East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Dangia Mabiratu , Dara Prem Kumar , Daniel Gersam
Published: January 2020

This study were aimed at analyzemaize producer’s household level of market participation, determinants of maize producer household’s degree of market participationand determinants of maize producer households level of commercialization in the study area. The study used a cross sectional data collected from 345 randomly selected households from four kebeles through semi-structured household questionnaires. Tobit model was used to analyze determinants of level of market participation of maize producers and ordered logit model was used to assess the factors affecting household maize commercialization.Based on Tobit result family size and distance from nearest market affected market participation of maize producers significantly and negatively, and land allocated for maize, access to improved seed, raw planting, amount of credit received and membership of cooperative affected market participation of maize producers significantly and positively. The result of ordered logit revealed that Marital status, Household size, distance from nearest market and age of household head significantly and negatively affected level of commercialization. Whereas, Household labor supply, access to improved seed, amount of fertilizer, credit amount, and household head education class positively and significantly affected level of commercialization. Policies that give more emphasis to family planning, improving and strengthening rural infrastructure, strengthening institutional arrangement like cooperatives have paramount implications to speed up the move from subsistence and semi commercial towards commercial oriented production.
Impact of Accounting Information on Bank Lending Decisions: A Case Study of First Bank, Bwari Area Council, Abuja
Authors: Odion Idewele Israel
Published: January 2020

This study seeks to ascertain impact of accounting information on bank lending decisions: A case study of First Bank, Bwari Area Council, Abuja. The study used primary data over a period of one year (2015). The questionnaire focuses on the core staff, contract staff and other staff of First Bank in Bwari Area Council, Abuja. We administered forty (40) questionnaires to respondents of the bank but the total respondents used for this study was thirty-two (32). Simple percentage was used to draw conclusions on the researcher’s questions while Chi – Square was employed in testing the hypothesis through the use of SPSS software package. Results of the investigation show that accounting information received from loan applicants significantly influence First Bank’s lending decision among others. We therefore recommend that banks must employ well trained analysts in the profession, who will be responsible for analyzing each customer’s financial statements for proper interpretation strictly based on merit and also advocate the need to monitor the affairs of any successful loan applicant to ensure that the progress of the project is on course and the loan is not diverted.
An Assessment of the Socio-economic Characteristics of the Incremental Housing Developers in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: O. Omotoso O. , O. Ojo O. , A. Shittu A.
Published: January 2020

This paper examined the socio-economic characteristics of the incremental housing developers in Akure, a three-stage sampling was done. First, the peripheral areas of Akure metropolis was identified and used as the clusters. The second stage of sampling involved selecting communities from each peripheral area in Akure metropolis. In selecting the communities, purposive sampling was employed. The third stage of sampling was used in choosing the target units which were the incremental house owners. Sample size was selected using statistically valid methods with the assurance of complete data from the sampling frame and such data are collected in a reliable manner. Google Earth imagery of the study area was gotten from Google Earth Pro.7.0.3.8542. The imagery was digitized and the numbers of buildings were counted using Autocad. Oba-Ile had 1,013 buildings, Ijoka had 413 buildings, Igoba had 602 buildings while, Orita-Obele had 565 buildings, and the number of buildings from the four corridors were estimated to a total of 2,593 buildings. Most of the respondents in the study area were artisan and trader. Finding also showed that the residents are low income earners and poor because their monthly income is below the international poverty line which is $1.90 a day and ₦360 in Nigeria Currency. This result showed that the low-income group is the major and the dominant income group in the study area. The study recommended that the Government should endeavor to design a policy that will be favorable to the masses and also make housing loan accessible to the masses. Government should assists in providing more infrastructural facilities in the study area. Also, government should sensitize the residents on the benefits of approval of plans and property documentations.
Farmers’ Perception of Climate Change and Livelihood Vulnerability in Rainfed Regions of India: A Gender-environment Perspective
Authors: Singh Surendra , Singh Alka
Published: January 2020

This study has attempted to investigate the nature and magnitude of livelihood vulnerability in the Bundelkhand region, India. A multistage sampling technique has been used to select study sites and collect farm-level data of 200 households using a well-structured and pre-tested schedule. The findings revealed that female-headed households are relatively more exposed to changing climate than are the male headed households. Due to the lack of basic amenities and common-pool resources, the livelihood vulnerability score was highest for female-headed households. Therefore, to improve the livelihood security of vulnerable households’ measures like identifying vulnerable groups, providing innovative, practical and easy to use methods to visualize the extent and dimensions of livelihood vulnerability are imminent. The framework used to analyze and identify specific interventions would help in building livelihood resilience for the most vulnerable people within a community.
Hearing Disorders among HIV Positive Children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Vincent Charles Medo , Paul Nsirimobu Ichendu
Published: January 2020

Background: Use of antiretroviral drugs (ART) has changed the epidemiology of HIV disease, making it a chronic illness and with many people developing long term sequelae of the disease such as hearing loss. This study compared hearing disorders, its types and severity among children with and without HIV disease.

Methods: This was a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study carried out among eligible patients who were HIV positive, aged 6 to 15 years recruited via systematic sampling method and matched by age and sex with HIV negative controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to extract the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects, patients/caregivers awareness of hearing impairment and to document the otoscopic, Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry findings performed on the patients. CD4 count was done for all the study participants while all HIV positive patients were graded for severity using WHO clinical Staging. Obtained data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 400 children aged 6 years to 15 years were recruited for the study out of which 200 were HIV positive (cases), while 200 were HIV negative (controls). Otitis media with effusion, otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane were the predominant tympanometry and otoscopic findings.  Seventy-three (36.5%) of the HIV positive patients had hearing loss compared to 19(9.5%) of HIV negative patients and this was statistically significant (X2 = 41.1; p = 0.0001). Majority (95.9%) of persons with hearing loss had the conductive type and of mild degree 53 (72.6%). Only 3(4.1%) caregivers of the HIV positive children and 1 (5.6%) caregiver of the HIV negative children were aware of the hearing impairment in their children but none had complained to their primary health caregivers.

Conclusion: This study has established a higher rate of hearing loss, of the conductive type and of mild degree among HIV positive patient. It is necessary to assess and monitor the hearing in HIV positive children by conducting interval PTA testing and Tympanometry to ensure timely intervention since parental awareness is poor.
Designing Momentums: Site, Practice, Media as Landscape
Authors: Geros Christina Leigh
Published: January 2020

Christina Leigh Geros believes that landscape is more than the land, and that landscape architecture is a process of designing and reconciling disparate ‘momentums’. A tutor in the MA Environmental Architecture programme at the Royal College of Art, research fellow for Monsoon Assemblages at the University of Westminster, and design research strategist for PetaBencana.id, here she explores the expanding of the definition of ‘landscape’ through wider analysis of contemporary media, site and practice.
Inwood's Geofollies: And Other Witnesses of Dissonance
Authors: Torres‐Campos Tiago
Published: January 2020

The Inwood neighbourhood of Manhattan is a place of nuances, of possibilities, of soft boundaries – a landscape of differing times. Landscape architect Tiago Torres‐Campos, an associate professor at the Rhode Island School of Design, employs a variety of research‐by‐design methodologies to explore the potentialities of the area through the construction of a ‘geologic’ landscape of follies.
Meal‐Deal Ecologies: Landscape Thinking
Authors: Bix Harry
Published: January 2020

Harry Bix is the founder of art practice East Anglia Records, and teaches Landscape Architecture at the University of Greenwich. The post‐Situationist, event‐driven ethos of his work revels in the everyday and incomplete, without seeking fully quantifiable definition. As he explains here, his projects are happenings, bringing together people, music and ambiences – catalysts operating on existing conditions, rearticulating them as landscapes of events.
From Line to Landscape: The Irish Northwest Border Region
Authors: Doherty Gareth , Matamoros Pol Fité
Published: January 2020

The complexity of border landscapes far exceeds the simple drawing of a line on a map. Gareth Doherty and Pol Fité Matamoros discuss the work of the Critical Landscapes Design Lab at Harvard University Graduate School of Design in respect to the Irish/Northern Irish border – a landscape that in recent times has been a fulcrum for important epistemological issues and political machinations.
Network Structure Modification‐Enabled Hybrid Polymer Dielectric Film with Zirconia for the Stretchable Transistor Applications
Authors: Kim Jeong Oh , Hur Jae Seok , Kim Daesik , Lee Byeongmoon , Jung Jae Min , Kim Hyeon A. , Chung Ui Jin , Nam Seung Hee , Hong Yongtaek , Park Kwon‐Shik , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: January 2020

Stretchable electronic devices should be enabled by the smart design of materials and architectures because their commercialization is limited by the tradeoff between stretchability and electrical performance limits. In this study, thin‐film transistors are fabricated using strategies that combine the unit process of a novel hybrid gate insulator and low‐temperature indium gallium tin oxide (IGTO) channel layer and a stress‐relief substrate structure. Novel hybrid dielectric films are synthesized and their molecular structural configurations are analyzed. These films consist of a polymer [poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methylmethacrylate)], cross‐linkers having different binding structures [1,6‐bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane (BTMSH), dodecyltrimethoxysilane, and poly(melamine‐co‐formaldehyde)], and an inorganic zirconia component (ZrOx). The hybrid film with BTMSH cross‐linker and 0.2 M ZrOx exhibits excellent insulating properties as well as mechanical stretchability. IGTO transistors fabricated on polyimide‐coated glass substrates are transferred to the rubber substrate to offer stretchability of the transistor pixelated thin‐film transistors. IGTO transistors fabricated on stretchable substrates using these strategies show promising electrical performance and mechanical durability. After 200 stretchability test cycles under uniaxial elongation of approximately 300%, the IGTO transistor still retains a high carrier mobility of 21.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, a low sub‐threshold gate swing of 0.68 V decade−1 and a high ION/OFF ratio of 2.0 × 107.
Laser‐Patterned Copper Electrodes for Proximity and Tactile Sensors
Authors: Li Yuekang , Zhou Xingwen , Chen Junliang , Guo Wei , He Shuo , Gao Shuo , Peng Peng
Published: January 2020

Proximity and tactile sensors are important in human–machine interaction, which are usually fabricated with complex processes. In this study, a facile assembling method to fabricate these sensors on flexible substrate is presented. Using one‐step laser‐patterned highly conductive Cu electrodes on polyimide sheets and polydimethylsiloxane dielectric layer, single‐pixel proximity sensor with long detecting range and multichannel tactile sensor with high planar sensitivity are fabricated. Both sensors exhibit long term stability and repeatability throughout hundreds of testing cycles. This study highlights a rapid and low cost assembling for fabricating of capacitive sensors.
While the diplomatic fruit is ripe: An international commission on the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Robertson Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

The Korean Peninsula is home to intermittent conflict and is an ongoing critical flashpoint. It is an entrenched, long‐standing international problem—exactly what international commissions are designed to address. An international commission is an ad hoc transnational investigative mechanism, which dependent upon its sponsors and constitution can be thought of as either a temporary intergovernmental organization or nongovernmental organization (NGO). They are routinely led by senior, respected politicians or leaders and include a range of similarly respected commissioners, including government, military, academic, and NGO representatives. Their end goal is the production of a comprehensive and definitive report that will serve as a reference point for future diplomatic initiatives. Their strength lies in the power of ideas—the capacity to transform the way we think about entrenched, long‐standing international problems. This article assesses the appropriateness of an international commission to address the long‐term challenges of Korean Peninsula security and stability.
Recombinant peptide fusion construction for protein‐templated catalytic palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Tejada‐Vaprio Rita , Mosleh Imann , Mukherjee Rudra Palash , Aljewari Hazim , Fruchtl McKinzie , Elmasheiti Ahmed , Bedford Nicholas , Greenlee Lauren , Beyzavi M. Hassan , Beitle Robert
Published: January 2020

Although peptide‐enabled synthesis of nanostructures has garnered considerable interest for use in catalytic applications, it has so far been achieved mostly via Fmoc based solid phase peptide synthesis. Consequently, the potential of longer peptides in nanoparticle synthesis have not been explored largely due to the complexities and economic constraints of this chemical synthesis route. This study examines the potential of a 45‐amino acid long peptide expressed as fusion to green fluorescence protein (GFPuv) in Escherichia coli for use in palladium nanoparticle synthesis. Fed‐batch fermentation with E. coli harboring an arabinose‐inducible plasmid produced a product containing three copies of Pd4 peptide fused to N‐terminus of GFPuv ((Pd4)3‐GFPuv). Using the intrinsic fluorescence of GFPuv, expression and enrichment of the fusion product was easily monitored. Crude lysate, desalted lysate, and an ion‐exchange enriched fraction containing (Pd4)3‐GFPuv were used to test the hypothesis that high purity of the biologic material used as the nanoparticle synthesis template may not be necessary. Nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of material science techniques and used to catalyze a model Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. Results demonstrated that palladium nanoparticles can be synthesized using the soluble cell extract containing (Pd4)3‐GFPuv without extensive purification or cleavage steps, and as a catalyst the crude mixture is functional.
Innervation of the clavicular part of the deltoid muscle by the lateral pectoral nerve
Authors: Larionov Alexey , Yotovski Peter , Link Karl , Filgueira Luis
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The innervation pattern of the clavicular head of the deltoid muscle and its corresponding topography was investigated via cadaveric dissection in the present study, focusing on the lateral pectoral nerve.

Materials and methods

Fifty‐eight upper extremities were dissected and the nerve supplies to the deltoid muscle and the variability of the lateral pectoral and axillary nerves, including their topographical patterns, were noted.

Results

The clavicular portion of the deltoid muscle received a deltoid branch from the lateral pectoral nerve in 86.2% of cases. Two topographical patterns of the lateral pectoral nerve were observed, depending on the branching level from the brachial plexus: a proximal variant, where the nerve entered the pectoral region under the clavicle, and a distal variant, where the nerve entered the pectoral region from the axillary fossa around the caudal border of the pectoralis minor. These dissection findings were supported by histological confirmation of peripheral nerve tissue entering the clavicular part of the deltoid muscle.

Conclusions

The topographical variations of the lateral pectoral nerve are relevant for orthopedic and trauma surgeons and neurologists. These new data could revise the interpretation of deltoid muscle atrophy and of thoracic outlet and pectoralis minor compression syndromes. They could also explain the residual anteversion function of the arm after axillary nerve injury and deficiency, which is often thought to be related to biceps brachii muscle function.
Titanium as a Substrate for Three‐Dimensional Hybrid Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications
Authors: Lu Xubin , Li Fan , Steimecke Matthias , Tariq Muhammad , Hartmann Mark , Bron Michael
Published: January 2020

Titanium, either in the form of a Ti foil or in form of a Ti mesh, was used as a novel substrate to grow nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) through chemical vapor deposition at moderate temperatures over electrodeposited iron particles. The thus‐prepared high‐surface‐area electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance towards the V(IV)/V(V) redox couple was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The parameters for iron particle electrodeposition were adjusted towards high and uniform substrate coverage. Nanotube growth from acetonitrile at moderate temperatures (600 °C) led to N‐containing CNTs with a high amount of graphitic nitrogen. NCNTs grown over Ti substrates provide promising performances towards the V(IV)/V(V) as well as the V(III)/V(IV) redox pair. In general, the results of this study show that Ti might be a suitable electrocatalyst substrate for various applications in electrochemical energy conversion.
Revolutionary Times
Authors: Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: January 2020

This perspective article presents the author's views on the current revolutionary time in society and science, driven by the actions to mitigate climate change and the targets in the decrease of CO2 emissions. Due to the short time scale needed to implement large‐scale renewable electricity schemes, new technologies on how to store huge amounts of electric energy have to be implemented. One possibility is the production of hydrogen from water using renewable electricity, which also open up new avenues to perform ammonia and methanol syntheses. The future application of photocatalysis using direct sunlight for the production of solar fuels is also discussed, commenting on which are the most promising photocatalytic reactions that are close to become tested on pilot scales.
What does math curriculum tell us about continuity for PreK‐3?
Authors: McMahon Kelly A. , Whyte Kristin
Published: January 2020

Increasingly school districts are attempting to align curricula, assessments and standards, in an effort to eliminate inequities. Some approaches like Prek‐3 initiatives call for coordination of instruction between preschool and later elementary grades that would resemble a coherent instructional system with clear learning goals for students aligned to supports for teachers to help them to teach in, possibly new, ways that would realise such goals. Central to these efforts are instructional materials like curricula that specify learning goals used to teach the students and the guide teachers. Districts seeking to coordinate prek with elementary must create novel solutions for coordinating supports for teaching that is connected across prek and elementary classrooms. In this study, we consider the mandated math curricula that two school districts in California used to establish district‐wide prek‐3 programs. What emerged from our analyses of curricula were distinct designs for continuity of instruction across grades: one district's curricula offered consistently challenging tasks across grades, while the other emphasised easy tasks for younger students followed by increasing levels of challenge for advanced grades. We argue that prek‐3 initiatives present a unique opportunity to recognise why continuity of instruction specified by curricula matters as much, if not more, than coherence or alignment when districts seek to coordinate and connect instruction in preschool and elementary classrooms.
CD49f protein expression varies among genetic subgroups of B lymphoblastic leukemia and is distinctly low in KMT2A‐rearranged cases
Authors: Collins Katrina , Cardinali Jolene L. , Mnayer Laila O. , DiGiuseppe Joseph A.
Published: January 2020

Background

CD49f (integrin α6) is a useful marker for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in B lymphoblastic leukemia and has recently been suggested to mediate infiltration of the central nervous system by leukemic B lymphoblasts. However, data regarding expression of CD49f protein in B lymphoblastic leukemia are limited, and whether CD49f protein expression varies among genetic subgroups of B lymphoblastic leukemia is unknown.

Methods

CD49f protein expression was characterized by flow cytometry in a series of 40 cases of B lymphoblastic leukemia, which included the genetic subgroups: KMT2A‐rerranged, BCR‐ABL1+, ETV6‐RUNX1+, hypodiploidy, and hyperdiploidy.

Results

Expression of CD49f differed significantly among the five genetic subgroups studied, whether assessed by percentage of blasts positive for the antigen (p = .0001, Kruskal–Wallis) or median fluorescence intensity (MFI) (p = .0001, Kruskal‐Wallis). Moreover, the percentage of CD49f+ blasts and MFI of CD49f were significantly lower in KMT2A‐rearranged cases than in cases without KMT2A rearrangement (p = .0002 for both, Mann–Whitney).

Conclusions

CD49f protein expression varies among genetic subgroups of B lymphoblastic leukemia, and is distinctly low in KMT2A‐rearranged cases.
Book Review
Authors: Dee Jay R. , McCarron Cathleen
Published: January 2020

Leadership Interrupted: Daily Inspiration to Become the Leader You Were Meant to Be
Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of Variable Chains in a Series of Transition Metal Coordination Compounds
Authors: Kim Jungjoo , Jo Hongil , Yoon Sung Won , Lee Min Hyung , Choi Woo‐Jae , Choi Kwang‐Yong , Ok Kang Min
Published: January 2020

Five new transition metal coordination polymers, [Zn3(bipy)(TC)6] (1), [Co3(bipy)(TC)6] (2), [Co(bipy)(TC)2] (3), [Cd(bipy)(TC)2] (4), and [Cu2(bipy)(TC)4] (5) (bipy = 4,4'‐bipyridine; TC = 3‐thiophenecarboxylate), with chain structures, were solvothermally synthesized in high yields under mild reaction conditions. While compounds 1, 2, and 3 reveal peddle wheel‐like chain structures, compounds 4 and 5 exhibit ladder‐like chain backbones. The organic bipy ligand was utilized as a linker that connects each cluster consisting of the corresponding metal cation and the TC ligand in each infinite chain. While the frameworks of compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 are thermally robust up to ca. 300 °C, that of compound 4 reveals thermal stability to ca. 250 °C. The observed band gaps of the title compounds range from 1.94 to 3.64 eV. Photoluminescence (PL) properties arising from the intraligand as well as the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer were studied for compounds 1 and 4. The magnetic behavior of compound 2 is described by a coupled linear trimer, while those of compounds 3 and 5 turned out to be coupled spin dimers.
Homoleptic Zinc‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones in the Presence of HBpin
Authors: Kumar Gobbilla Sai , Harinath Adimulam , Narvariya Rajrani , Panda Tarun K.
Published: January 2020

Here, we report the reaction between N‐phenyl‐o‐phenylenediamine and pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde to afford the N‐phenyl‐o‐phenyl‐enediiminopyrrole ligand {L‐H2} in quantitative yield. A one‐pot reaction between {L‐H2} and diethylzinc (ZnEt2) in a 2:1 ratio afforded the homoleptic zinc metal complex [{L‐H}2Zn] (1). The solid‐state structures of ligand {L‐H2} and zinc complex 1 were confirmed using X‐ray crystallography. Further, complex 1 was used for chemoselective hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of pinacolborane (HBpin) at ambient temperature to produce the corresponding boronate esters in high yield.
Analysis of oxygen transport in microfluidic bioreactors for cell culture and organ‐on‐chip applications
Authors: Jomezadeh Kheibary Nafiseh , Abolfazli Esfahani Javad , Mousavi Shaegh Seyed Ali
Published: January 2020

In the recent decade, development of microfluidic bioreactors and organ‐on‐chip platforms for drug screening and disease modeling has been rising significantly. Prediction of oxygen level within the microfluidic bioreactors to create physiologically relevant oxygen tension for realistic cellular behavior is of critical importance. This article presented an analytical method to calculate oxygen tension in microchannel parallel plate bioreactors. Two‐dimensional convection‐diffusion equation was solved analytically with considering diffusion in two directions. Cellular oxygen consumption was assumed to follow Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. Effects of oxygenator design, gas permeability of the microfluidic channels, as well as flow rate and cell density on the oxygen distribution within the bioreactor were examined. In addition, a mathematical model was developed to predict oxygen tension in a fluidic circuit containing two interconnected bioreactors with and without recirculation of the media for the culture of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. The oxygenators were used to maintain normoxia in the bioreactors independently. The model allowed for the prediction and independent modulation of oxygen tension in the two bioreactors through changing the length of the oxygenators. In overall, the obtained results provide critical insights required for the design and operation of microfluidic bioreactors with desired levels of oxygen tension.
Shared digital identity and rich knowledge ties in global 3D printing—A drizzle in the clouds?
Authors: Bouncken Ricarda , Barwinski Roman
Published: January 2020

Research Summary

Modern audio‐visual digital technology enables the immediate exchange of explicit, but also of tacit knowledge worldwide. Still, when not embedded in strong ties, the international exchange of tacit and proprietary knowledge becomes risky. Our flexible pattern matching qualitative research approach develops new theory and finds that in the nascent 3D printing industry firms exchange explicit and tacit knowledge globally, even in weak ties. The exchanges seem to be grounded in identification processes with digital technology forming a shared digital identity. We conceptualize the shared digital identity as the collective self‐concept(s) of an in‐group towards the creation, emergence, application, and development of digital technology built on a sense of community, enthusiasm, being part of something special as well as common values and norms.

Managerial Summary

Firms in the nascent digital industry of 3D printing share knowledge worldwide. Potentials of transferring tacit and proprietary knowledge by modern audio‐visual digital technologies increase constantly. However, so do the dangers of knowledge leakage and competitive risks. A resolution of this tension comes from a new phenomenon, the shared digital identity. A shared digital identity within and among firms enables and informally guards the sharing of tacit and proprietary knowledge via digital technologies. We conceptualize the shared digital identity by a sense of community, enthusiasm, being part of something special as well as common values and norms. The knowledge exchanges assisted by digital technology occur under the aegis of the shared digital identity and accelerate the emergence of digital technologies and so facilitate global business.
Analysis of patients who decline treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: National perspective
Authors: Sullivan Christopher B. , Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Pagedar Nitin A.
Published: January 2020

Background

To analyze demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence patients' decisions to decline treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis utilizing the National Cancer Data Base of patients with oral cavity/oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal SCC.

Results

A total of 166 204 patients were included, of which 689 patients declined all treatment. Among early‐stage (I‐II) patients, Charlson/Deyo score ≥ 3, hypopharyngeal cancer, and no insurance or Medicare were more likely to decline all recommended treatment (P < .05). Among advanced stage (III‐IV) patients, females (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.05‐1.53; P = .013), Charlson Deyo score ≥ 1, non‐oral cavity cancers, and closer distance between patient's area of residence from treating facility were more likely to decline all treatment (P < .05).

Conclusions

Female patients and patients with no insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid are more likely to decline recommended treatment for SCC of the head and neck. Educational status is not predictive of declining treatment.
Novel Liquid Biopsy Test Based on a Sensitive Methylated SEPT9 Assay for Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kotoh Yurika , Suehiro Yutaka , Saeki Issei , Hoshida Tomomi , Maeda Masaki , Iwamoto Takuya , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Hidaka Isao , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Takami Taro , Higaki Shingo , Fujii Ikuei , Suzuki Chieko , Shindo Yoshitaro , Tokumitsu Yukio , Nagano Hiroaki , Sakaida Isao , Yamasaki Takahiro
Published: January 2020

Liquid biopsies are not used in practice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epi proColon is the first commercial blood‐based test for colorectal cancer screening based on methylated DNA testing of the septin 9 gene (SEPT9). However, Epi proColon has some disadvantages, including the requirement of a large amount of blood and lack of quantitative performance. Therefore, we previously developed a novel liquid biopsy test that can quantitatively detect even a single copy of methylated SEPT9 in a small amount of DNA. In the current study, we evaluated the application potential of this assay for diagnosing HCC. Study subjects included 80 healthy volunteers, 45 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) without HCC, and 136 patients with HCC (stage 0, 12; stage A, 50; stage B, 31; stage C, 41; and stage D, 2), according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. For the assay, DNA was treated with methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes in two steps, followed by multiplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. The median copy number of methylated SEPT9 was 0.0, 2.0, and 6.4 in the healthy control, CLD, and HCC groups, respectively, with significant differences among the groups (HCC vs. healthy control, P < 0.001; HCC vs. CLD, P = 0.002; CLD vs. healthy control, P = 0.008). Assay sensitivity and specificity were 63.2% and 90.0%, respectively (cutoff value, 4.6 copies), in detecting HCC when compared with healthy subjects. The positive rate of methylated SEPT9 increased with HCC progression (stage 0, 41.7%; stage A, 58.0%; stage B, 61.3%; stage C, 75.6%; and stage D, 100%). Conclusion: We developed a sensitive methylated SEPT9 assay that might serve as a liquid biopsy test for diagnosing HCC.