bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONJUCTIONLESS SEQUENCES OF SUCCESSIVE ACTIONS AS MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF SEMELFACTIVITY OF AN ACTION IN GERMAN
Authors: Smerechynska Oksana
Published: March 2021

The aspectological context of sequences of successive actions is considered to be very important for expressing actional meaning of boundedness of an action in German. The sequences of successive actions are characterized by the meanings of temporal contact and semelfactivity of the corresponding actions as well as their correlation with a definite moment of time. The aim of the paper is to investigate the influence of conjuctionless sequences of successive actions on the expression of semantics of an bounded semelfactive action with the help of nonbounded or just potentially bounded verbs. There are identified lexical-semantical groups of verbs that can express the meaning of the bounded semelfactive action in the respective context as well as the frequency of using of sequences of successive actions as the main means of expression for expressing the bounded semantics of semelfactivity of an action in the analyzed works in German.
In the paper the sequences of successive actions are analyzed that are realized in the multi-component sentences with one subject, in the conjuctionless multi-component sentences with different subjects and in the syntactical structures where we can distinguish between adjacent sentences that may be parts of different paragraphs and reactions to direct speech. Based on the obtained data we consider the sequences of successive actions to be situated near the near-core zone of the functional-semantic microfield of semelfactivity of an action in German.
THE EXPRESSION OF DESTRUCTIVE LOVE IN OVID’S HEROIDS WITH EMOTIONAL MEANS
Authors: Maystrenko Lyudmyla
Published: March 2021

The search of scientists of the XXI century is increasingly focused on a sphere that is not available for direct observation – the sphere of emotions. Therefore, the issue of the emotive component of a literary text at different levels relates to priority areas not only of modern linguistics. Emotions represent the linguistic picture of the artistic universe of the poet, reveal the inner world of his characters. The existential-sensual sphere is a manifestation of the subjective attitude of a person to the surrounding reality and himself in the mental space of the artist.
Ovid subtly reproduces the spiritual world of a loving woman in the inexhaustible wealth of emotional manifestations and unique individual identities. The main object of unfortunate love in Heroides is a married woman or hetaera. Ovid is a vivid representative of the sensually-earthly Eros. The ancient man, for whom the idea of sin was extraneous, was not embarrassed by the sensual nature of his love in various forms, focusing all his interest in earthly existence, adored desires. However, the sensual Eros of Heroides with not the happy ending is aesthetically beautiful.
Having refused from the usual August poetry themes related to the historical past of Rome or the events of his personal life, Ovid in Heroids turns exclusively to mythological themes, popular in Neo-Téric poetry or Hellenistic poetry, depicting the heroines of Greek mythology and Sappho herself by the psychology of contemporary Roman women. Ovid's Heroides reflects the fact that the psychology of a loving woman has not changed much since the time of the Roman Empire.
An overview of technologies and devices against COVID-19 pandemic diffusion: virus detection and monitoring solutions
Authors: de Fazio R. , Sponziello A. , Cafagna D. , Velazquez R. , Visconti P.
Published: March 2021

The year 2020 will remain in the history for the diffusion of the COVID-19 virus, originating a pandemic on a world scale with over a million deaths. From the onset of the pandemic, the scientific community has made numerous efforts to design systems to detect the infected subjects in ever-faster times, allowing both to intervene on them, to avoid dangerous complications, and to contain the pandemic spreading. In this paper, we present an overview of different innovative technologies and devices fielded against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The various technologies applicable to the rapid and reliable detection of the COVID-19 virus have been explored. Specifically, several magnetic, electrochemical, and plasmonic biosensors have been proposed in the scientific literature, as an alternative to nucleic acid-based real-time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (RT-qPCR) assays, overcoming the limitations featuring this typology of tests (the need for expensive instruments and reagents, as well as of specialized staff, and their reliability). Furthermore, we investigated the IoT solutions and devices, reported on the market and in the scientific literature, to contain the pandemic spreading, by avoiding the contagion, acquiring the parameters of suspected users, and monitoring them during the quarantine period.
The Dominant Speech Functions in Cigarette Billboard Texts
Authors: Batubara Muhammad Hasyimsyah , Nasution Dina Syarifah
Published: March 2021

This research related to speech functions in cigarette billboard texts. The objectives are to describe the category and to derive dominantly used and explain the factors of the phenomenon of speech functions. The research method used descriptive qualitative. Data was collected by applying documentary techniques from commercial cigarette billboard texts (headline, subhead, slogan and images) in public places around the city center of Medan. The finding describes of the four speech functions available only three are used in commercial cigarette billboard text, statement constitutes 18 (69.25 %), question 1 (3. 8 %), command 7 (26. 9%), and offer 0 from 26 billboard texts. Statement genre used as the dominant one because it is suitable with the pattern of commercial billboard texts, where the viewer assumed only briefly saw the display of images and written text of the billboard with a duration of 5-7 seconds when they were driving. Thus, simple and powerful information in speech function of functional grammar and the language used must be efficient, effective and able to hypnotize readers so that results in positive action on the item being advertised.
Phonon redshift and Hubble friction in an expanding BEC
Authors: Eckel Stephen , Jacobson Theodore
Published: March 2021

We revisit the theoretical analysis of an expanding ring-shaped
Bose-Einstein condensate. Starting from the action and integrating over
dimensions orthogonal to the phonon’s direction of travel, we derive an
effective one-dimensional wave equation for azimuthally-travelling
phonons. This wave equation shows that expansion redshifts the phonon
frequency at a rate determined by the effective azimuthal sound speed,
and damps the amplitude of the phonons at a rate given by
\dot{\mathcal{V}}/{\mathcal{V}}𝒱̇/𝒱,
where \mathcal{V}𝒱
is the volume of the background condensate. This behavior is analogous
to the redshifting and ``Hubble friction’’ for quantum fields in the
expanding universe and, given the scalings with radius determined by the
shape of the ring potential, is consistent with recent experimental and
theoretical results. The action-based dimensional reduction methods used
here should be applicable in a variety of settings, and are well suited
for systematic perturbation expansions.
Study on the Toxicity of Calix[4]- and [6]-Arenes and their Sulfated Derivatives in Two- and Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nikulin S.V. , Alekseev B.Ya. , Gorbunov A.N , Vatsuro I.M. , Kovalev V.V. , Poloznikov A.A.
Published: March 2021

A comparative study of the toxicity of two unsubstituted calixarenes consisting of 4 and 6 phenolic fragments, as well as their p-sulfated derivatives, was carried out on the HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells cultured in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) formats. It was shown that both unsubstituted calixarenes decrease the viability of tumor cells; calix[4]arene and calix[6]arene exhibited a cytostatic and a cytotoxic effect, respectively. Sulfated derivatives of calixarenes did not have a pronounced toxic effect on HT-29 cells. However, due to their high hydrophilicity and the ability to form adducts with various therapeutic molecules, they can be used for delivery of anticancer drugs.

calixarenes, cytotoxicity, HT-29 cells, 2D cell culture, 3D cell culture

The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-15-00397).
Realization of intervocalic consonant clusters in frequency words of the Russian language
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Riekhakaynen Elena I.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the realization of frequent words with the intervocalic consonant clusters [gd] and [ljk] in the oral speech of three groups of informants: adult native speakers of the Russian language, children aged four to six years and Chinese students learning Russian as a second language (929 realizations of 11 words). The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that the most frequent form of reduction of the analyzed combinations of consonants in Russian speech is the loss of the first consonant. However, the variants with the reduction of the consonant and without it are equally probable in the speech of native Russian speakers for the majority of the analyzed words. In adult native speakers of Russian, there is a tendency to maintain a consonant cluster when the word is at the absolute beginning of the inter-pause interval. Children aged four to six years tend to use only one variant of the consonant clusters in each of the considered words. The main distinctive feature of Russian speech for Chinese students is the large number of sound changes in both intervocalic consonant combinations, as well as the statistically significant prevalence of the full pronunciation over the variant with the loss of the first consonant in the intervocalic cluster for all words with the [ljk] combination. The results can be used to improve existing automatic speech recognition systems, as well as in teaching Russian as a second language.
About the problem of personnel management in healthcare (on nursing staff example)
Authors:   Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Petrova Nataliya , Pogosyan Sarkis ,   Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
Published: March 2021

It is noted in the article that the problem of nursing staff shortage is relevant to all healthcare organizations. According to the study performed in the basic institutions (the municipal hospital and polyclinic) the staffing level is about 70 % without large changes in dynamics. In addition, a significant portion of nurses (especially in the polyclinic) are the persons of pre-retirement and retirement age. Only 28.9 % of nurses did not think about the possibility of changing the location and nature of their work. The factors that can affect the ability to attract and retain personnel were analyzed using the nurses’ survey. It was found that 82.2 % of respondents believe that their workload is high; 58.3 % of them told that their work does not fully correspond to the functional responsibilities. There are the problems in the relationship in the team (including doctors and managers). Respondents consider that it is necessary to improve the organization of the labor process in the institution, the system of wage and motivation as a whole, to work for increasing the prestige of the profession. A number of measures aimed to improve the personnel management in health care organization are proposed.
On the issue of improving the assessment of atmospheric air quality in the area of industrial enterprises
Authors:   Northwest Public Health Research Center, Yeremin Gennady , Markova Olga ,   Northwest Public Health Research Center, Noskov Sergei ,   Northwest Public Health Research Center,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Mironenko Olga ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

In the Russian Federation, since 2018, the implementation of the Federal project “Clean air” has begun, planned until 2024. Within the framework of this project, a set of works is planned to reduce the level of atmospheric air pollution and improve the quality of monitoring of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Our research was aimed at improving the monitoring of the quality and condition of atmospheric air in the city of Volkhov, Leningrad region, in the industrial zone of which modern production facilities are dynamically developing. Pollutants of 78 types are released into the atmosphere of the city from 13 enterprises. The total emission of pollutants into the atmosphere from these enterprises is 9.12 thousand tons/year. The most significant contribution is made by the following enterprises: JSC “metachem” (JSC “Apatit”) — 23.7 %; JSC “pikalevskaia soda” (LLC “Glatsem”) — 62.6 %, located on the same industrial site.
Identifying lead markets for the international banknote production industry
Authors:   Research Institute of Goznak, Kornilov Georgy V. , Trachuk Arkady V. ,   Higher School of Management, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

This paper contributes to theoretical study of innovation diffusion by exploring a role of lead markets factor for innovation adoption at international markets of products and technologies for national security. The study is based on data obtained from analysis of innovations in banknote production industry. The international banknote industry characterized by limited number of buyers (monopsony) and suppliers (oligopoly) is an example of highly innovative sector with important national security task to maintain integrity of currency circulation. It is a truly global industry focused on constant development of new security technologies adopted by most of the central banks. Our findings suggest the factor of lead market is one of the key elements in taking decision by the central bank to adapt certain security features and technologies for their banknotes. Geographical origination of a particular technology is been put aside when issue of national security is in place. Only the value of an innovation itself matters. We argue that lead market factor is a specific characteristic for of innovation diffusion in this sector that should be common for areas where government institutions act as single buyer when the supply is scarce i.e., military industry, space sector, some pharmaceutical markets etc.
The relationship between CEO personal traits and technology companies’ performance at different stages of the life cycle
Authors:   Faculty of Economic Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Ovanesova Yuliya S. , Zhitikhin Segrey S. ,   Faculty of Economic Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: March 2021

This article reviews how CEOs of technology companies can be successful for firm performance at different stages of the life cycle. The object of the research is the technology companies of the United States of America. Such companies are given special attention today as they represent a key driver of the new economy cycle. Importantly, organizations of the technology sector are largely dependent on the personalities of their CEOs, who determine the vector of development, main activities and overall functioning of the firms. The study analyzes the relationship between the traits of the company leader and firm behavior at different stages of the life cycle of 244 technology companies.
As concepções de educação ambiental dos(as) professores(as) nas Escolas Municipais de Matinhos, Brasil
Authors: Chaves Ruth Kellen Catão , Joucoski Emerson , Nogueira Christiano
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das concepções de Educação Ambiental de professores(as) das escolas municipais de Matinhos, no estado do Paraná, Brasil. A pesquisa foi de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo. No primeiro, foi elaborado um questionário, cujas questões se basearam em temas gerais da Educação Ambiental, considerando as relações entre o ser humano e o meio ambiente, em que houve a participação de 51 professores(as). A análise ocorreu através do levantamento estatístico. No segundo, foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 professores(as) que foram transcritas e analisadas através da técnica da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados mostram aspectos preservacionistas/conservacionistas e uma compreensão de interdependência com a natureza, embora sem um grau de aprofundamento significativo. Também mostraram uma valorização do meio ambiente e compreensões das contradições existentes na atualidade, fazendo relações com diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Tais características dos resultados mostram o potencial dos(as) professores(as) em construir novas possibilidades de relacionamento com a natureza.
Educação especial e formação continuada de professores de Educação Física: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Orlando-Bacciotti Patrícia d'Azeredo , Campos Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez
Published: March 2021

A formação continuada dos profissionais da Educação Física, para atuarem na educação inclusiva, é uma possibilidade de oferecer subsídios para um trabalho mais assertivo. Portanto, este estudo objetivou identificar como se caracterizam as propostas de formação continuada, na perspectiva de um ensino que ofereça subsídios para o trabalho desses profissionais junto aos estudantes Público-Alvo da Educação Especial nas aulas de Educação Física. As informações foram coletadas a partir de Teses e Dissertações indexadas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, doze documentos foram escolhidos e lidos na totalidade e passaram por uma análise temática de abordagem qualitativa. Seis deles trouxeram informações sobre cursos de formação continuada elaborados, aplicados e/ou analisados pelo próprio pesquisador, e, nos outros, os pesquisadores objetivaram investigar os efeitos de cursos oferecidos por algum órgão, na formação e/ou na prática dos professores. Concluiu-se que os cursos de formação continuada oferecidos para professores de Educação Física estão trabalhando com definição de termos e conceitos, com elementos relacionados ao trabalho destes professores, com estratégias e instrumentos de ensino e aprendizagem, exemplos de atividades, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias e do repensar sobre suas práticas, visando atender às necessidades, promover a participação e a retenção dos alunos Público-Alvo da Educação Especial em suas aulas.
A alteridade no plano pedagógico a partir dos pressupostos de Enrique Dussel
Authors: Freitas André Luis Castro de , Freitas Luciane Albernaz de Araujo
Published: March 2021

O texto possui como objetivo tecer aproximações ao pensamento de Enrique Dussel por meio de um estudo descritivo crítico, fundamentado em uma pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica. Tem-se como intenção elencar os pressupostos que demonstrem a importância da categoria alteridade no que pese refletir sobre a construção de projetos de vida para o povo latino-americano, aproximando as ideias trabalhadas à área da educação. Reflete-se sobre a passagem da alienação à liberdade, movimento produzido pela libertação pedagógica. Problematiza-se sobre como descrever a experiência da proximidade entre os seres humanos como experiência da história popular e, por fim, reflete-se sobre a importância de destituir os obstáculos que impedem a revelação do Outro, por meio de um pensar que sabe escutar a palavra analética do Outro, comprometendo-se com a palavra reveladora e a sua justa interpretação.
A contribuição dos processos formativos na compreensão das dores emocionais de docentes universitários
Authors: Réquia Souza Sandra Elisa , Trevisan Amarildo Luiz
Published: March 2021

Neste texto refletiremos sobre as dores emocionais de docentes universitários e os seus possíveis entrelaçamentos com os processos formativos, pressupondo que eles têm o potencial sinalizador da recuperação da ideia de natureza humana e podem contribuir na reconfiguração dessas dores. O suporte de nossas reflexões procede das investigações neurocientíficas de Antonio Damásio, para quem as relações entre os sentimentos de dor e prazer influenciam o processo cultural humano. Também colabora com o nosso pensamento Baruch Espinosa, cujas ideias alicerçaram as da neurociência de Damásio ao afirmar que os seres humanos afetam uns aos outros e, por meio deste encontro, podem reconhecer-se e aumentar a sua “potência de agir”. Para realizar as reflexões aqui propostas recorremos à hermenêutica da tragédia “As Bacantes” de Eurípedes (406 a.C.), cujo potencial metafórico nos auxilia a entender as dificuldades impostas por uma racionalidade proclamada como única possível. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica que subsidia e sinaliza a pertinência e necessidade de futuras pesquisas envolvendo coleta e análise de dados empíricos, dando vozes aos professores universitários a respeito da questão. As análises reflexivas, evidenciadas neste texto, nos levam a entrever a necessidade de outros saberes docentes que percebam a experiência de uma forma sensível e humanizada, compreendendo aspectos que deverão ir além dos atuais e ampliar a visão acerca da formação profissional. Mesmo diante do detalhamento e abrangência das propostas atuais de categorização dos saberes docentes necessários para a profissionalização, persiste essa carência relativa às dores emocionais docentes.
A Review: Synthesis and Pharmacological Profile of [1, 5]-Benzothiazepine
Authors: Khasimbi Shaik , Ali Faraat , Neha Kumari , Wakode Sharad , Chauhan Garima
Published: March 2021

:

The 1, 5-benzothiazepine derivatives are of particular interest for lead discovery since they have been found active against different families of targets.1,5-Benzothaizepines representatives of benzologs of 1,4-thiazepine and one of the three possible benzo-condensed derivatives, i.e. the 1,5-benzothiazepines are useful compounds in the drug research which has stimulated the invention of a wide range of synthetic methods for their preparation and chemical transformations. 1,5-Benzothiazepine and its derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities such as tranquilizer, antidepressant, antihypertensive, calcium channel blocker, antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-diabetic, amyloid imagining agents and anticancer agents. This review also discusses the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds. It can act as an important tool for medicinal chemists to develop newer compounds possessing 1, 5-benzothiazepines moiety that could be better agents in terms of efficacy and safety.
Computing Analysis of Degree and Connection Based Irregular Indices of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Javaid Muhammad , Ibraheem Muhammad , Raheem Abdul
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

A graph is supposed to be regular if all vertices have equal degree, otherwise irregular.

Materials and Methods:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are important combusting material and considered as
a class of carcinogens. These polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons play an important role in graphitisation of medical
science. A topological index is a function that assigns a numerical value to a (molecular) graph that predicts
various physical, chemical, biological, thermodynamical and structural properties of (molecular) graphs. An irregular
index is a topological index that measures the irregularity of atoms with respect to their bonding for the
chemical compounds which are involved in the under studying graphs.

Results and Discussion:

In this paper, we will compute an analysis of distance based irregular indices of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. A comparison among the obtained indices with the help of their numerical values
and the 3D presentations is also included. The efficient and steady indices of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
are addressed in the form of their irregularities.

Conclusion:

Connection based study of the molecular graphs is more suitable than the degree based irregularity
indices.
Oralidades e preservação digital de memórias em museus: A produção audiovisual
Authors: Andrez Bárbara
Published: March 2021

This paper intents to systematize some concepts related to collective memory, as well as to establish a connection between audio-visual production and the digital production of testimonies, as a mechanism of excellence in the dissemination of oralities and the creation and preservation of individual memories. This production follows a part of the master degree’s final project in Museology (MMUS), defended at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities in Oporto University, which culminated in an exhibition solution for the Oliveira Lopes School Museum, where recorded oralities enhanced the proposal and also helped the study and management of the collection. Some challenges for digital preservation are also addressed, highlighting the importance of information management in the context of a holistic and integrated approach in museums on a globalization era.
Entre o espaço e o lugar : as experiências de visita no Parque da Fundação de Serralves
Authors: Freitas Vanessa Nascimento
Published: March 2021

This article reflects on the visiting experience at the Serralves Foundation Park based on the concepts of space and place. The concept of space is related to movement, discovery and freedom, while the concept of place is associated with belonging, pause and familiarity. To discuss such concepts, qualitative data from interviews with 35 visitors and 09 Serralves professionals in 2016. This article concludes that there are differences in perception between regular visitors and tourists, with the former tending to experience the Serralves Park as a place and the latter tending to carry out visiting experiences marked by typical elements of the space. Understanding the existence of multiple forms of visiting experiences is essential for the construction of different educational, artistic and curatorial strategies appropriate to each profile of visitors.
Development of a Novel Pipette Tip-Aided Cell Cloning Method for The Effective Isolation of Genome-Edited Porcine Cell
Authors:   Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan, Sato Masahiro , Saitoh Issei , Akasaka Eri , Inada Emi
Published: March 2021

Direct colony cloning of adherent mammalian cells using rings or dilution cloning has been used frequently for obtaining stable transfectants after gene delivery. As an alternative to these methods, successful isolation of the cells in a single colony is possible by placing a trypsin-immersed small paper disk onto the colony and subsequently picking up the paper with the assumption that it carries the trypsinized cells. However, the cloning success using this technique largely relies on the cell type used. In the present study, a novel, simple, and non-invasive technique for the isolation of cells from single colonies using a disposable pipette tip was developed. Using this technique, success was achieved in isolating the clonal populations of genome-edited porcine fibroblastic cells with 100% efficiency after co-transfection with the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based genome editing components [for targeting the porcine GGTA1 that encodes α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α-GalT)] and the piggyBac-based gene delivery components [to enable efficient chromosomal integration of the transgene carrying the cDNA of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)]. A toxin-based, drug-free selection system involving saporin (plant toxin)-conjugated BS-I-B4 lectin (IB4SAP) was employed in the present study. Since IB4SAP binds specifically to the cell-surface α-Gal epitope (synthesized by α-GalT), it is supposed that treatment with IB4SAP theoretically eliminates the untransfected or genome-edited porcine cells with a mono-allelic knockout (KO) phenotype, while all the surviving clones have a bi-allelic GGTA1 mutation. A total of 16 clones were isolated in the present study, all of which exhibited loss of the α-Gal epitope (a cell-surface carbohydrate synthesized by α-GalT), suggesting that all the clones had a bi-allelic KO phenotype. Moreover, 75% of these clones expressed EGFP uniformly, while the remainder had mosaic or no EGFP expression. These findings indicate the fidelity of the developed pipette tip-aided cell cloning approach for the efficient isolation of genome-edited porcine fibroblast clones.
Competitividad y el desequilibrio comercial de México en el mercado mundial de carne de bovino, 1990-2016
Authors: Montaño Méndez Iliana Enriqueta , Avendaño Ruíz Belem Dolores , Ávila Arce Adanelly , González Milán David de Jesús
Published: March 2021

La integración económica favorece la liberalización del comercio permitiendo a los países acceder a un mayor mercado y, a los consumidores, a bienes de mayor calidad y menor precio, producto de la competencia. Para México y su mercado de carne de res, esta premisa resulta cuestionable, al identificar que existen desequilibrios en su balanza comercial y que presenta rezagos en el diseño e implementación de políticas que fortalecen la competitividad de las exportaciones en el marco de la implementación de tratados y acuerdos comerciales. El objetivo de este artículo es estimar la competitividad de las exportaciones mexicanas de carne de bovino al amparo de la integración comercial. La hipótesis que subyace a este planteamiento es que, para gozar de los beneficios de la integración comercial, es necesario formular políticas que fortalezcan la competitividad de las actividades en el largo plazo y contrarrestar el impacto del déficit en la balanza comercial de los productos agropecuarios. Para ello, se calcularon indicadores de participación y flujo de comercio, encontrándose que la apertura comercial favoreció la importación de carne de bovino y que, a pesar del crecimiento sostenido de las exportaciones, no se logró compensar el déficit de la balanza comercial. Por esta razón, se requiere de una política pública encaminada a fortalecer actividades como la producción para la exportación de carne de bovino, a través de la adopción de estándares y certificaciones.
Plasmonic and Hybrid Whispering Gallery Mode–Based Biosensors: Literature Review
Authors: Manzo Maurizio , Cavazos Omar , Huang Zhenhua , Cai Liping
Published: March 2021

Background

The term “plasmonic” describes the relationship between electromagnetic fields and metallic nanostructures. Plasmon-based sensors have been used innovatively to accomplish different biomedical tasks, including detection of cancer. Plasmonic sensors also have been used in biochip applications and biosensors and have the potential to be implemented as implantable point-of-care devices. Many devices and methods discussed in the literature are based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR). However, the mathematical background can be overwhelming for researchers at times.

Objective

This review article discusses the theory of SPR, simplifying the underlying physics and bypassing many equations of SPR and LSPR. Moreover, we introduce and discuss the hybrid whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensing theory and its applications.

Methods

A literature search in ScienceDirect was performed using keywords such as “surface plasmon resonance,” “localized plasmon resonance,” and “whispering gallery mode/plasmonic.” The search results retrieved many articles, among which we selected only those that presented a simple explanation of the SPR phenomena with prominent biomedical examples.

Results

SPR, LSPR, tilted fiber Bragg grating, and hybrid WGM phenomena were explained and examples on biosensing applications were provided.

Conclusions

This minireview presents an overview of biosensor applications in the field of biomedicine and is intended for researchers interested in starting to work in this field. The review presents the fundamental notions of plasmonic sensors and hybrid WGM sensors, thereby allowing one to get familiar with the terminology and underlying complex formulations of linear and nonlinear optics.
El derecho constitucional en procesos de cambios constituyentes
Authors: Correa Freitas Ruben
Published: March 2021

En virtud del proceso constituyente que se está desarrollando en Chile, se analiza los principales períodos de la evolución histórica del constitucionalismo latinoa-mericano, con especial énfasis en las Constituciones que se sancionaron con posterioridad a las dictaduras militares latinoamericanas de la década de los setenta del siglo XX. Se realiza un estudio particular de los caracteres del nuevo constitucionalismo en América Latina, así como los nuevos paradigmas y desafíos que se presentan a la hora de redactar y aprobar nuevas Constituciones.
Das ordenações ao ordenamento: a trajetória do direito de propriedade no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Gislene
Published: March 2021

Este texto apresenta a trajetória do conceito de direito de propriedade no Brasil. Identificando as Ordenações Filipinas como a origem histórica das normas legais que regem os direitos de propriedade no país, é feito um reconhecimento das permanências e transformações do conceito ao longo do tempo. Por meio da análise dos principais documentos legais de alcance nacional, o texto acompanha o processo de transformação do conceito de propriedade, delimitando os momentos de inflexão. Com base nesse cenário, discute-se o futuro do conceito, considerando as condições em que ocorre a crescente urbanização do Brasil. Por fim, questiona-se a possibilidade de a trajetória analisada incorporar o uso como aspecto definidor das relações de propriedade.
A cidade dos ricos: financeirização e a captura do espaço pela elite global
Authors: Monteiro João Carlos Carvalhaes
Published: March 2021

Resenha do livro Alpha City: How the Super-Rich Captured London de Rowland Atkinson.
Iran’s position regarding the afghan military conflict in 1978-1979
Authors: Rabush Taisiya Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

The author considers the position of Iran regarding the Afghan armed conflict (1978-1979) before the Soviet troops entered Afghanistan, as well as the consistent evolution of this position and the involvement of Iran in internal Afghan events. The author relies mainly on documentary sources, but also attracts scientific works in Russian and English (including the works of Iranian authors). According to the author, the analysis and study of Irans position on Afghanistan and the evolution of this position deserve a separate article because, firstly, the religious factor began to especially influence Irans foreign policy after the events of the Islamic Revolution of 1979; secondly, for the two years chosen for consideration in an article in Iran, the political regime has radically changed, and it is useful to consider the transformation of Irans foreign policy from the reign of the shah to the theocratic regime. In the first part of the article, the author analyzes the position of the Shah of the Iranian regime regarding the April Revolution of 1979 and the political changes that took place in Afghanistan after the revolution. The second part is devoted to the policy of Iran with respect to Afghanistan in 1979, and in this part the author argues that the Herat rebellion, which took place in March 1979, became the main trigger for transforming Irans attitude towards Afghanistan from a wait-and-see attitude to active involvement. The author also notes, that Irans policy towards Afghanistan in 1978-1979 developed sequentially, despite the radical transformation of power in Iran itself during this period.
Crimean Tatars in the Governing Bodies of the Taurida Province in the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Kravchuk Alexandr S.
Published: March 2021

The author identifies the amount of Crimean Tatars who served as officials in Taurida Governorate in the first half of the 20th century. The article is based on archival data, address-calendars and mesyatseslovs of the Russian Empire. Russian politics in the region after the Crimean annexation was characterized by an active interaction with the local population. The imperial authorities gave the Crimean Tatars broad rights and involved them in civil and military service. Tatar murzas and beys who entered service closely interacted with Russian officials and thus got acquainted with the Russian language and culture as well as with the new legal system. While the largest number of Crimean Tatars were in service during the reign of Catherine II, their number began to decline under her successors. The author argues that the Russian authorities interaction with the Crimean Tatar nobility was based on mutually beneficial conditions. The state received the loyalty of local leaders, which provided stability and allowed for communication with the ordinary population. In turn, the murzas and beys received titles and ranks, which allowed them to increase their property and keep their social status. However, the number of Crimean Tatars in local government functions during the first half of the 19th century was low. They served in the governing bodies only by election from the nobility. This was a result of central policy but also of the low level of training among Tatar officials. Many of them were not familiar with legal procedures laws and could not read and write in Russian. Consequently, they preferred service in military formations, which was more prestigious and did not require special training.
Key Identity Features of Urban Youth: The Case of Krasnodar Krai
Authors: Samarkina Irina Vladimirovna , Bashmakov Igor Stanislavovich
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the study of urban youth local identity in a large and medium city. This identity is manifested in everyday interaction with the urban community, its socio-political institutions and visitors and affect the level of public and political participation, the presence of constructive civic practices. The aim is to identify and describe the main components and place of local youth identity in the system of social identities in large and medium-sized cities of Krasnodar krai (Krasnodar, Novorossiysk, Sochi and Armavir). The empirical basis of the study was made up of focus group transcripts conducted with various groups of young people (schoolchildren, students, and working youth). To verify the conceptual model a modified version of the Kuhn-McPartland method was used. On the basis of the conducted empirical research, the place of local identity in the system of urban youth social and territorial identities was revealed. The dependence between the size of a city and a cohort of young people and a local identity was shown. Such components of young people local identity as awareness of the city and its socio-political life, attitude towards representatives of other communities, a sense of their involvement in city life, the desire to stay and live in the city, the will to work for the benefit of the city, to participate in its socio-political life. The study made it possible to identify the valence of youth identity (negative, neutral, positive). The trajectories of young people spatial mobility that affect the degree of actualization and valence of local identity were also described. The dependence between the strength of youth local identity and participation in public and political activity for the benefit of the city and the region, participation in the activities of public and political organizations has been revealed.
Role of Institutional Environment in Shaping Political Careers of Young Political Leaders in the Regions of South-West Siberia
Authors: Aseev Sergey Yurievich , Shashkova Yaroslava Yurievna
Published: March 2021

Evaluating prospects of bringing youth into Russian political elites has both an acuteness of a scientific challenge and practical relevance in the light of upcoming federal and regional elections of 2021. Based on the surveys of mass political consciousness of the youth and expert polls held in 2018-2020 in Altai Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast, the article has analyzed the visions of young people and their leaders on the effectiveness of career development through participation in youth political organizations, political parties and running for posts in election campaigns. Having measured these visions against the proportion of young people in the elite of the regional offices of political parties and in the lists of candidates running in regional elections, the authors have come to the conclusion about the low acceptance rate of career lift in regional political process. The object of the research comprises regions with different level of social and economic development, which has proved that lack of resource hinders realization of young leaders potential primarily in the regions with high concentration of economic capital and strong political competition.
How Russian Youth Consume Information: Case Study of the Political Science Students of the Financial University
Authors: Volodenkov Sergey Vladimirovich , Belokonev Sergey Yuryevich , Suslova Anastasia Andreevna
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to analyzing the results of a study conducted by the Educational and Scientific Laboratory of Internet Projects and Studies of the Department of Political Science and Mass Communications of the Financial University among university students. The work aimed to identify the characteristics and structure of youth information consumption in the digital space during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors analyzed the intensity and frequency of use of various types of information sources, identified the dominant sources of socio-political information, determining the level of trust in them, identified factors that affect the perception of message content. The article also analyzes the attitude of the respondents to the issue of Internet regulation by the state, defines and structures the subjective assessments of the opposition of the Internet space concerning existing government institutions. The paper concludes that the structure of the information consumption of the respondents shows a steady shift in the emphasis on information and communication activity of young people to digital platforms, sources, and channels. The youth audience spends a significant part of their active time in the digital space, which in its volume is comparable or even in many cases exceeds the amount of time spent in the traditional offline space. The consequence of this is the formation of digital information overload, stimulating the development and consolidation of the effect of clip consciousness. In general, based on the results of the work, the authors conclude that there is a stable structure of youth information consumption that has pronounced differences from the traditional structure of information consumption of older generations. Moreover, the processes of information consumption in the digital space are mostly irrational, and they are mainly based on digital habits that form the models of digital information consumption of modern students.
Reinforcement Theory and Study of the Impact of Internet Technologies on Political Participation of Modern Youth
Authors: Grishin Nikolay Vladimirovich
Published: March 2021

The article examines the methodological possibilities of reinforcement theory in the field of studying the influence of Internet technologies on political behavior. The prospects of the theory of reinforcement are considered in the context of the changing role of Internet technologies in the political process since the beginning of the 2010s and the growing popularity of competing methodological directions, first of all, the theory of mobilization. It is revealed that the rivalry between the theory of reinforcement and the theory of mobilization at the present stage turns into a state of methodological dualism. Reinforcement theory not only retained its significance in the context of the growth of political mobilization in the period of the 2010s, but also received further development: the new concept of selective avoidance supplemented its theoretical apparatus. Reinforcement theory retains its significance for the study of political leadership among Russian youth, the activities of radical youth organizations. One of the factors in preserving the methodological potential of reinforcement theory in the study of the political activism of Russian youth is the practical combination of its principles with the network approach.
The dynamics of video preferences of the Russian youth (on the example of YouTube)
Authors: Temnova L. V. , Lapshina A. K.
Published: March 2021

Today the Internet has become an integral part of the everyday life of the younger generation, and the YouTube video hosting is one of the most visited sites among Russians aged 18 to 34. Therefore, the analysis of content, structure, and dynamics of video preferences is an important area of sociological analysis of the Russian youths interests on YouTube. The research aims at identification and description of the Russian youths interests on the basis of the analysis of their video preferences on SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT YouTube. The authors conducted content analysis of Googles annual reports on the most popular videos on YouTube in Russia, of the content of these videos and their comments, and the analysis of quantitative indicators (likes, dislikes and views). 26 Muscovites were questioned in the format of the semi-structured interview; and two online surveys (in 2019 and 2020) were conducted, in which 340 respondents participated. The authors identified three groups of factors to analyze the dynamics of video preferences: micro-social (social-psychological, status-role and needs factors); macro-social (institutional - social, political, economic, cultural - and environmental); random. The analysis of all types of research data on the most popular video clips allowed to describe the dynamics of the youths video preferences in 2008- 2020, to show the relationship of social factors with the dynamics of the youths YouTube preferences, and that these video preferences are largely determined by individual characteristics, because the significant events in the Russian social-cultural space have little influence on the youths video preferences.
PURIFICATION OF DUG WELL WATER FROM Escherichia coli BY USING CARBON OF RICE HUSK
Authors: Karlani Hagar , Fahrul Fahrul , Meiwati Maria M , Manimoy Herianus , Botahala Loth
Published: March 2021

Clean water is one of the human's main needs. Dug well water in Tombang, used for various needs. However, the dug well water has been polluted by E. Coli bacteria which is suspected to be due to the disposal of rubbish and waste carelessly and also the distance of latrines and dug wells that are very close together. Therefore it is important to do water purification using agricultural waste that is not utilized. The analysis showed that the purification of dug well water in Tombang with rice husk charcoal had reduced E. Coli bacteria by 55.6% with MPN pattern 1-0-3 so that the MPN value was 11/100 mL of sample.
IMPACTOS DO PROGRAMA DE AÇÃO ECONÔMICA DO GOVERNO (1964-1967) NA INDÚSTRIA DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Depieri Marcelo Álvares de Lima , Pires Julio Manuel
Published: March 2021

Entre 1964 e 1967, durante o primeiro governo militar, implementou-se oPrograma de Ação Econômica do Governo (Paeg), cujos objetivos principais compreendiam o combate às elevadas taxas de inflação e à crise do balanço de pagamentos. A despeito dessas prioridades precípuas, havia também, por parte das autoridadeseconômicas, a preocupação com o crescimento econômico. A meta de crescimentode 6% ao ano não foi atingida, o Brasil cresceu 4,2% em média no período. Tal média,no entanto, como toda média, oculta a diversidade de desempenhos entre os diversossetores. Entre os setores mais atingidos pelas políticas restritivas adotadas nesse interregno, destaca-se a indústria de transformação, cujo desempenho foi o menos empolgante e o mais errático. O objetivo do presente artigo é examinar os efeitos da políticafiscal, monetária e creditícia do Paeg sobre o desempenho geral da economia brasileirae, mais especificamente sobre a indústria de transformação e seus principais setores.