bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Organizational Development Intervention Around Sexual Harassment in Technical Firms
Authors: Cole Cherise M. , Burrell Darrell Norman , Springs Delores
Published: February 2020

Significant labor shortages in fields like information technology and information security has created a critical need to recruit, hire, develop, and retain more woman. The challenge remains how to make these technical organizations more welcoming and inclusive for women. Sexual harassment continues to be a significant problem in all workplaces. Research shows that harassment blossoms in careers and organizations where men dominate the majority of all management positions and women have such limited representation within the organization. This case study explores an actual organizational intervention in a technical organization.
Enhancing Patient Safety
Authors: Haddara Moutaz , Staaby Anne
Published: February 2020

Internet of things (IoT) technologies are revolutionizing industries through enabling object identification, traceability, real-time communication, and monitoring. In healthcare (HC), IoT has potential to contribute to several areas, from patient-related smart services to medical logistics. One area of paramount importance in HC is patient safety, which includes the correct identification, treatment, tracking, and monitoring of patients. Published statistics suggest that there is a mounting number of patient mistreatments due to the erroneous identification of the patient or the drug administered. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is envisioned as a disruptive innovation in HC & represents several opportunities for increased safety. However, the adoption of RFID in HC still lags behind other industries. Through a literature review, the authors explore the potentials & challenges of RFID adoptions in HC, with a focus on patient safety. Our findings suggest that high costs of adoption, security & privacy concerns and human safety risks are the main barriers for adoption.
Two Ways for the Automatic Generation of Application Ontologies by Using BalkaNet
Authors: Mladenović Miljana , Stanković Staša Vujičić , Pajić Vesna
Published: February 2020

This article presents two methods for the automatic generation of application ontologies from the multilingual BalkaNet WordNets Web ontology language (OWL) representation. Both proposed methods are applied on the BalkaNet WordNets ontology for the Serbian language (SerWN). The first one uses only the SerWN, both for generating class hierarchy and instances of classes, while the other method combines the SerWN with a domain ontology. The first method was used to automatically generate the FoodOntology, whereas the second method to generate the ontology of rhetorical figures tropes. Preliminary evaluation results corroborate the soundness of the approach. Since BN consists of individual WNs for five Balkan languages and Czech, the methodology presented in this article can also be used for all these languages. The first method can also be used for other domains.
Context-Aware Personalized Web Search Using Navigation History
Authors: Chebil Wiem , Wedyan Mohammad O , Lu Haiyan , Elshaweesh Omar Ghaleb
Published: February 2020

It is highly desirable that web search engines know users well and provide just what the user needs. Although great effort has been devoted to achieve this dream, the commonly used web search engines still provide a “one-fit-all” results. One of the barriers is lack of an accurate representation of user search context that supports personalised web search. This article presents a method to represent user search context and incorporate this representation to produce personalised web search results based on Google search results. The key contributions are twofold: a method to build contextual user profiles using their browsing behaviour and the semantic knowledge represented in a domain ontology; and an algorithm to re-rank the original search results using these contextual user profiles. The effectiveness of proposed new techniques were evaluated through comparisons of cases with and without these techniques respectively and a promising result of 35% precision improvement is achieved.
Efficient Weighted Semantic Score Based on the Huffman Coding Algorithm and Knowledge Bases for Word Sequences Embedding
Authors: Ben-Lhachemi Nada , Nfaoui El Habib
Published: February 2020

Learning text representation is forming a core for numerous natural language processing applications. Word embedding is a type of text representation that allows words with similar meaning to have similar representation. Word embedding techniques categorize semantic similarities between linguistic items based on their distributional properties in large samples of text data. Although these techniques are very efficient, handling semantic and pragmatics ambiguity with high accuracy is still a challenging research task. In this article, we propose a new feature as a semantic score which handles ambiguities between words. We use external knowledge bases and the Huffman Coding algorithm to compute this score that depicts the semantic relatedness between all fragments composing a given text. We combine this feature with word embedding methods to improve text representation. We evaluate our method on a hashtag recommendation system in Twitter where text is noisy and short. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, our method achieves good results.
Information as the latest site of conflict in the ongoing contests about access to and sharing the benefits from exploiting genetic resources
Authors: Lawson Charles , Rourke Michelle , Humphries Fran
Published: February 2020

The global movement and use of genetic resources remain vital to sustaining humankind. An enclosure or re-appropriation of these resources requiring regulated access and benefit sharing is evolving under the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity and related instruments. The potential to replace the physical materials with information about those materials, including genetic sequence data, has fractured the carefully negotiated benefit sharing regulation complex. This article re-engages with this original grand bargain of access in exchange for benefit sharing, and the imperatives of transferring financial resources and technology from the technologically advanced countries of the North to the biodiversity-rich countries of the South. Public access database terms and conditions (as opposed to public domain) and collecting societies are some of the elegant legal solutions and mechanisms to address concerns about dematerialization under the current contractual approach to benefit sharing. This article concludes, however, that the tension between enclosure of information as the genetic resource and legal information sharing requirements needs more nuanced forms of benefit sharing such as taxes or levies. This is necessary to facilitate movement of not only the physical materials but also information in the access and benefit sharing bargain.
The rise, fall and convolution of the intent to use requirement under New Zealand trade mark law
Authors: Batty Rob
Published: February 2020

The ‘cluttering’ of trade mark registers with unused trade marks is an issue of contemporary concern. One mechanism that can be used to prevent ‘deadwood’ trade marks from getting on the Register in the first place is to ensure that a trader has a genuine intention to use the trade mark. Indeed, the enactment of the first registration legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) was followed by a judicial insistence that a trader could not ‘properly register a trade mark’ if the trader did not have bona fide and present intention to use the trade mark. An intent to use requirement remains a feature of New Zealand (NZ) law, though it has a much reduced sphere of operation under the Trade Marks Act 2002. Tracing historical developments, this article examines how the regulation of the intent to use requirement has evolved under NZ law. This exercise provides a useful lens for understanding how and why the intention to use requirement operates as it currently does. Further, by examining the history of the intent to use requirement, the article also illuminates that there is nothing intractable about how NZ trade mark law has opted to regulate intention to use, and NZ law may be adjusted to better address concerns like cluttering.
The characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon in Xi'an, inland China: sources, size distributions and optical properties
Authors: Wu Can , Wang Gehui , Li Jin , Li Jianjun , Cao Cong , Ge Shuangshuang , Xie Yuning , Chen Jianmin , Li Xingru , Xue Guoyan , Wang Xinpei , Zhao Zhuyu , Cao Fang
Published: February 2020

Abstract. To investigate the characteristics of atmospheric brown
carbon (BrC) in the semiarid region of East Asia, PM2.5 and
size-resolved particles in the urban atmosphere of Xi'an, inland China,
during the winter and summer of 2017 were collected and analyzed for optical
properties and chemical compositions. Methanol extracts (MeOH extracts) were
more light-absorbing than water extracts (H2O extracts) in the optical
wavelength of 300–600 nm and well correlated with nitrophenols, polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (r > 0.78). The
light absorptions (absλ=365 nm) of H2O extracts and
MeOH extracts in winter were 28±16 and 49±32 M m−1,
respectively, which are about 10 times higher than those in summer, mainly
due to the enhanced emissions from biomass burning for house heating. Water-extracted BrC predominately occurred in the fine mode (< 2.1 µm) during winter and summer, accounting for 81 % and 65 % of the total
absorption of BrC, respectively. The light absorption and stable carbon
isotope composition measurements showed an increasing ratio of absλ=365 nm-MeOH to absλ=550 nm-EC along with an enrichment of
13C in PM2.5 during the haze development, indicating an
accumulation of secondarily formed BrC (e.g., nitrophenols) in the aerosol aging
process. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion,
secondary formation, and fugitive dust are the major sources of BrC in the
city, accounting for 55 %, 19 %, 16 %, and 10 % of the total BrC of
PM2.5, respectively.
Assessment of urban aerosol pollution over the Moscow megacity by the MAIAC aerosol product
Authors: Zhdanova Ekaterina Y. , Chubarova Natalia Y. , Lyapustin Alexei I.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We estimated the distribution of aerosol optical thickness (AOT)
with a spatial resolution of 1 km over the Moscow megacity using the MAIAC aerosol
product based on MODIS satellite data (Lyapustin et al., 2018) for the warm
period of the year (May–September, 2001–2017). AERONET (Aerosol Robotic
Network)-based validation of satellite estimates near the city centre at
Moscow_MSU_MO and over the Moscow suburbs at Zvenigorod revealed that MAIAC AOT at 0.47 µm is in agreement with AERONET AOT though underestimated by 0.05–0.1 for AOT<1 and overestimated for smoke conditions with AOT>1. The MAIAC AOT biases were almost the same for the Moscow_MSU_MO and Zvenigorod AERONET sites, which indicated that the MAIAC algorithm effectively removed the effect of the bright urban surface in the city centre. For the ground-based measurements, the difference between annual median AOT at Moscow_MO_MSU and Zvenigorod
(ΔAOT) varied within −0.002 to +0.03, with statistically significant positive bias for most years, and an average ΔAOT was about 0.02. According to the MAIAC dataset, the ΔAOT varied within ±0.01 and was not statistically significant. The ΔAOT started decreasing recently due to intensive urban development of the territory around Zvenigorod and the decrease in pollutant emissions in Moscow, which is mainly caused by the environmental regulations. According to the MAIAC dataset, the most pronounced spatial AOT differences over the territory of Moscow were observed at the 5 % quantile level, where they reached 0.05–0.06 over several locations and could be attributed to the stationary sources of aerosol pollution, for example, large areas of construction sites, aerosol pollution from roads and highways, or agriculture activities. The differences between the maximum and the mean AOT for different quantiles, except the 95 % quantile, within the Moscow region, were about 0.02–0.04,
which could be attributed to the local aerosol sources. The
application of the MAIAC algorithm over the whole Moscow region has revealed
a decreasing AOT trend over the centre of Moscow and an increasing trend
over the “New” Moscow territory which experienced an intensive build-up
and agricultural development.
Microtopography is a fundamental organizing structure of vegetation and soil chemistry in black ash wetlands
Authors: Diamond Jacob S. , McLaughlin Daniel L. , Slesak Robert A. , Stovall Atticus
Published: February 2020

Abstract. All wetland ecosystems are controlled by water table and
soil saturation dynamics, so any local-scale deviation in soil elevation and
thus water table position represents variability in this primary control.
Wetland microtopography is the structured variability in soil elevation and
is typically categorized into a binary classification of local high points
(hummocks) and local low points (hollows). Although the influence of
microtopography on vegetation composition and biogeochemical processes in wetlands has
received attention around the globe, its role in forested
wetlands is still less understood. We studied relationships among
microtopography and understory vegetation communities, tree biomass, and
soil chemistry in 10 black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) wetlands in northern Minnesota,
USA. To do so, we combined a 1 cm resolution surface elevation model
generated from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) with colocated water table,
vegetation, and soil measurements. We observed that microtopography was an
important structural element across sites, where hummocks were loci of
greater species richness; greater midstory and canopy basal area; and higher
soil concentrations of chloride, phosphorus, and base cations. In contrast,
hollows were associated with higher soil nitrate and sulfate concentrations.
We also found that the effect of microtopography on vegetation and soils was
greater at wetter sites than at drier sites, suggesting that the distance-to-mean water table is a primary determinant of wetland biogeochemistry. These
findings highlight clear controls of microtopography on vegetation and soil
distributions while also supporting the notion that microtopography arises
from feedbacks that concentrate biomass, soil nutrients, and productivity on
microsite highs, especially in otherwise wet conditions. We therefore
conclude that microtopography is a fundamental organizing structure in black
ash wetlands.
Late Paleocene – early Eocene Arctic Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures; reassessing biomarker paleothermometry at Lomonosov Ridge
Authors: Sluijs Appy , Frieling Joost , Inglis Gordon N. , Nierop Klaas G. J. , Peterse Francien , Sangiorgi Francesca , Schouten Stefan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Arctic Coring Expedition on Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean (IODP Expedition 302 in 2004) delivered the first Arctic Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and land air temperature (LAT) records spanning the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~56 Ma) to Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2; ~54 Ma). The distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids indicated elevated SST (ca. 23 to 27 °C) and LATs (ca. 17 to 25 °C). However, recent analytical developments have led to: (i) improved temperature calibrations and (ii) the discovery of new temperature-sensitive glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs). Here, we have analyzed GDGT and GMGT distributions in the same sediment samples using new analytical procedures, interpret the results following the currently available proxy constraints and assess the fidelity of new temperature estimates in our study site. The influence of several confounding factors on TEX86 SST estimates, such as variations in export depth and input from exogenous sources, are typically negligible. However, contributions of isoGDGTs from land, which we characterize in detail, complicate TEX86 paleothermometry in the late Paleocene and part of the interval between the PETM and ETM2. The isoGDGT distribution further supports temperature as the likely variable controlling TEX86 values and we conclude that background early Eocene SSTs generally exceeding 20 °C, with peak warmth during the PETM (~26 °C) and ETM2 (~27 °C). We also report high abundances of branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers throughout (branched GMGTs), most likely dominantly marine in origin, and show that their distribution is sensitive to environmental parameters. Further analytical, provenance and environmental work is required to test if and to what extent temperature may be an important factor. Published temperature constraints from branched GDGTs and terrestrial vegetation also support remarkable warmth in the study section and elsewhere in the Arctic basin, with vegetation proxies indicating coldest month mean temperatures of 6–13 °C. If TEX86-derived SSTs truly represent mean annual SSTs, the seasonal range of Arctic SST was in the order of 20 °C, higher than any open marine locality in the modern ocean. If SST estimates are skewed towards the summer season, seasonal ranges were comparable to those simulated in future ice-free Arctic Ocean scenarios. This uncertainty remains a fundamental issue, and one that limits our assessment of the performance of fully-coupled climate models under greenhouse conditions.
Estimating sand bed load in rivers by tracking dunes: a comparison of methods based on bed elevation time series
Authors: Leary Kate C. P. , Buscombe Daniel
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Quantifying bed-load transport is paramount to the effective management of rivers with sand or gravel-dominated bed material. However, a practical and scalable field methodology for reliably estimating bed load remains elusive. A popular approach involves calculating transport from the geometry and celerity of migrating bedforms, extracted from time series of bed elevation profiles (BEPs) acquired using echo sounders. There are various echo sounder sampling methodologies to extract bed elevation profiles. Using two sets of repeat multibeam sonar surveys with high spatiotemporal resolution and coverage, we compute bed load using three field techniques (one actual and two simulated) for acquiring BEPs: repeat multibeam, single-beam, and multiple single-beam sonar. Significant differences in flux arise between repeat multibeam and single-beam sonar. Multibeam and multiple single-beam sonar systems can potentially yield comparable results, but the latter relies on knowledge of bedform geometries and flow that collectively inform optimal beam spacing and sampling rate. These results serve as a guide for design of optimal sampling and for comparing transport estimates from different sonar configurations.
Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Authors: Schachat Sandra R. , Maccracken S. Augusta , Labandeira Conrad C.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Despite the great importance of plant–insect interactions to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, many temporal gaps exist in our knowledge of insect herbivory in deep time. Subsampling of fossil leaves, and subsequent extrapolation of results to the entire flora from which they came, is practiced inconsistently and according to inconsistent, often arbitrary criteria. Here we compare herbivory data from three exhaustively sampled fossil floras to establish guidelines for subsampling in future studies. The impact of various subsampling routines is evaluated for three of the most common metrics of insect herbivory: damage type diversity, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and the herbivory index. The findings presented here suggest that a minimum fragment size threshold of 1 cm2 always yields accurate results and that a higher threshold of 2 cm2 should yield accurate results for plant hosts that are not polyphyletic form taxa. Due to the structural variability of the plant hosts examined here, no other a priori subsampling strategy yields consistently accurate results. The best approach may be a sequential sampling routine in which sampling continues until the 100 most recently sampled leaves have caused no change to the mean value or confidence interval for damage type diversity and have caused minimal or no change to the herbivory index. For nonmetric multidimensional scaling, at least 1000 cm2 of leaf surface area should be examined and prediction intervals should be generated to verify the relative positions of all points. Future studies should evaluate the impact of subsampling routines on floras that are collected based on different criteria, such as angiosperm floras for which the only specimens collected are those that are at least 50 % complete.
Optimizing High-Resolution Community Earth System Model on a Heterogeneous Many-Core Supercomputing Platform (CESM-HR_sw1.0)
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Fu Haohuan , Wu Lixin , Li Yuxuan , Wang Hong , Zeng Yunhui , Duan Xiaohui , Wan Wubing , Wang Li , Zhuang Yuan , Meng Hongsong , Xu Kai , Xu Ping , Gan Lin , Liu Zhao , Wu Sihai , Cheng Yuhu , Yu Haining , Shi Shupeng , Wang Lanning , Xu Shiming , Xue Wei , Liu Weiguo , Guo Qiang , Zhang Jie , Zhu Guanghui , Tu Yang , Edwards Jim , Baker Allison , Yong Jianlin , Yuan Man , Yu Yangyang , Zhang Qiuying , Liu Zedong , Li Mingkui , Jia Dongning , Yang Guangwen , Wei Zhiqiang , Pan Jingshan , Chang Ping , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Yeager Stephen , Rosenbloom Nan , Guo Ying
Published: February 2020

Abstract. With the semi-conductor technology gradually approaching its physical and heat limits, recent supercomputers have adopted major architectural changes to continue increasing the performance through more power-efficient heterogeneous many-core systems. Examples include Sunway TaihuLight that has four Management Processing Element (MPE) and 256 Computing Processing Element (CPE) inside one processor and Summit that has two central processing units (CPUs) and 6 graphics processing units (GPUs) inside one node. Meanwhile, current high-resolution Earth system models that desperately require more computing power, generally consist of millions of lines of legacy codes developed for traditional homogeneous multi-core processors and cannot automatically benefit from the advancement of supercomputer hardware. As a result, refactoring and optimizing the legacy models for new architectures become a key challenge along the road of taking advantage of greener and faster supercomputers, providing better support for the global climate research community and contributing to the long-lasting society task of addressing long-term climate change. This article reports the efforts of a large group in the International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Prediction (iHESP) established by the cooperation of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Texas A & M University and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), with the goal of enabling highly efficient simulations of the high-resolution (25-km atmosphere and 10-km ocean) Community Earth System Model (CESM-HR) on Sunway TaihuLight. The refactoring and optimizing efforts have improved the simulation speed of CESM-HR from 1 SYPD (simulation years per day) to 3.4 SYPD (with output disabled), and supported several hundred years of pre-industrial control simulations. With further strategies on deeper refactoring and optimizing for a few remaining computing hot spots, we expect an equivalent or even better efficiency than homogeneous CPU platforms. The refactoring and optimizing processes detailed in this paper on the Sunway system should have implications to similar efforts on other heterogeneous many-core systems such as GPU-based high-performance computing (HPC) systems.
Determination of the single point uncertainty of customized polymer gear wheels using structured-light scanning with various polygonization settings
Authors: Müller Andreas Michael , Schubert Dominik , Drummer Dietmar , Hausotte Tino
Published: February 2020

Abstract. During the manufacturing of work pieces, geometrical deviations from the intended nominal geometry of the designer are inevitable. The procedure of conformance testing defined in ISO 14253-1:2018-07 is used to ensure the function of a work piece by verifying the geometrical compliance with pre-defined tolerance specifications. Depending on the measurement setup used for the validation step, it is possible that the local measurement uncertainty is too large in order to provide a meaningful conformance evaluation. This paper aims to demonstrate the complete workflow of the determination of the locally defined single point uncertainty and its components (systematic and random measurement error, respectively) for a given measurement task. It was shown for an optical measurement setup in combination with an industrial X-ray computed tomography reference measurement system that different necessary colouring methods of polymer (POM) gear wheels, which are required to enable measurements using structured-light scanning, have a measurable influence on the local distribution of the measurement uncertainty. Because of the fact that the presented method is dependent on a discrete surface sampling, the effects of different polygonization settings during the creation of the areal measurement result were evaluated in order to rate the reduced data complexity against the hereby possibly increased measurement uncertainty. The gained information regarding the local measurement uncertainty of a measurement setup can then be used for downstream processes in various use cases, e.g. for the improvement of holistic tolerance simulation models or the improvement of geometrical measurements using weighted regression analysis. Additionally, the visualization of the areal distribution of the measurement uncertainty enables a powerful tool to optimize the used measurement setup.
Measuring compound flood potential from river discharge and storm surge extremes at the global scale
Authors: Couasnon Anaïs , Eilander Dirk , Muis Sanne , Veldkamp Ted I. E. , Haigh Ivan D. , Wahl Thomas , Winsemius Hessel C. , Ward Philip J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The interaction between physical drivers from
oceanographic, hydrological, and meteorological processes in coastal areas
can result in compound flooding. Compound flood events, like Cyclone Idai
and Hurricane Harvey, have revealed the devastating consequences of the
co-occurrence of coastal and river floods. A number of studies have recently
investigated the likelihood of compound flooding at the continental scale
based on simulated variables of flood drivers, such as storm surge,
precipitation, and river discharges. At the global scale, this has only been
performed based on observations, thereby excluding a large extent of the
global coastline. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap and identify
regions with a high compound flooding potential from river discharge and
storm surge extremes in river mouths globally. To do so, we use daily
time series of river discharge and storm surge from state-of-the-art global
models driven with consistent meteorological forcing from reanalysis
datasets. We measure the compound flood potential by analysing both
variables with respect to their timing, joint statistical dependence, and
joint return period. Our analysis indicates many regions that deviate from
statistical independence and could not be identified in previous global
studies based on observations alone, such as Madagascar, northern Morocco,
Vietnam, and Taiwan. We report possible causal mechanisms for the observed
spatial patterns based on existing literature. Finally, we provide
preliminary insights on the implications of the bivariate dependence
behaviour on the flood hazard characterisation using Madagascar as a case
study. Our global and local analyses show that the dependence structure
between flood drivers can be complex and can significantly impact the joint
probability of discharge and storm surge extremes. These emphasise the need
to refine global flood risk assessments and emergency planning to account
for these potential interactions.
Back calculation of the 2017 Piz Cengalo–Bondo landslide cascade with r.avaflow: what we can do and what we can learn
Authors: Mergili Martin , Jaboyedoff Michel , Pullarello José , Pudasaini Shiva P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In the morning of 23 August 2017, around 3×106 m3 of
granitoid rock broke off from the eastern face of Piz Cengalo, southeastern Switzerland.
The initial rockslide–rockfall entrained 6×105m3
of a glacier and continued as a rock (or rock–ice) avalanche before evolving into a
channelized debris flow that reached the village of Bondo at a distance of
6.5 km after a couple of minutes. Subsequent debris flow surges followed in
the next hours and days. The event resulted in eight fatalities along its
path and severely damaged Bondo. The most likely candidates for the water
causing the transformation of the rock avalanche into a long-runout debris
flow are the entrained glacier ice and water originating from the debris
beneath the rock avalanche. In the present work we try to reconstruct
conceptually and numerically the cascade from the initial rockslide–rockfall to the first debris flow surge and thereby consider two scenarios in
terms of qualitative conceptual process models: (i) entrainment of most of
the glacier ice by the frontal part of the initial rockslide–rockfall
and/or injection of water from the basal sediments due to sudden rise in
pore pressure, leading to a frontal debris flow, with the rear part largely
remaining dry and depositing mid-valley, and (ii) most of the entrained
glacier ice remaining beneath or behind the frontal rock avalanche and
developing into an avalanching flow of ice and water, part of which overtops
and partially entrains the rock avalanche deposit, resulting in a debris
flow. Both scenarios can – with some limitations – be numerically
reproduced with an enhanced version of the two-phase mass flow model
(Pudasaini, 2012) implemented with the simulation software r.avaflow, based
on plausible assumptions of the model parameters. However, these simulation
results do not allow us to conclude on which of the two scenarios is the more
likely one. Future work will be directed towards the application of a
three-phase flow model (rock, ice, and fluid) including phase transitions in
order to better represent the melting of glacier ice and a more appropriate
consideration of deposition of debris flow material along the channel.
Dating tectonic activity in the Lepontine Dome and Rhone-Simplon Fault regions through hydrothermal monazite-(Ce)
Authors: Bergemann Christian A. , Gnos Edwin , Berger Alfons , Janots Emilie , Whitehouse Martin J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Zoned hydrothermal monazite-(Ce) from Alpine-type fissures and clefts is used to gain new insights into the tectonic history of the Lepontine Dome in the Central Alps and the timing of deformation along the Rhone-Simplon Fault zone on the dome's western end. Hydrothermal monazites-(Ce) (re)crystallization ages directly date deformation that induces changes in physicochemical conditions of the fissure or cleft fluid. A total of 480 secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) spot analyses from 20 individual crystals, including co-type material of the monazite-(Nd) type locality, record ages for the time of ∼19 to 2.7 Ma, with individual grains recording age ranges of 2 to 7.5 Myr.
The combination of these age data with geometric considerations and spatial distribution across the Lepontine region gives a more precise young exhumation history for the area. At the northeastern and southwestern edges of the Lepontine Dome, units underwent hydrothermal monazite-(Ce) growth at 19–12.5 and 16.5–10.5 Ma, respectively, while crystallization of monazite-(Ce) in the eastern Lepontine Dome started later, at 15–10 Ma. Fissure monazite-(Ce) along the western limit of the dome reports younger ages of 13–7 Ma. A younger age group around 8–5 Ma is limited to fissures and clefts associated with the Simplon normal fault and related strike-slip faults such as the Rhone Fault. The data set shows that the monazite-(Ce) age record directly links the fluid-induced interaction between fissure mineral and host rock to the Lepontine Dome's evolution in space and time.
A comparison between hydrothermal monazite-(Ce) and thermochronometric data suggest that hydrothermal monazite-(Ce) dating may allow us to identify areas of slow exhumation or cooling rates during ongoing tectonic activity.
Periodic dynamic induction control of wind farms: proving the potential in simulations and wind tunnel experiments
Authors: Frederik Joeri Alexis , Weber Robin , Cacciola Stefano , Campagnolo Filippo , Croce Alessandro , Bottasso Carlo , van Wingerden Jan-Willem
Published: February 2020

Abstract. As wind turbines in a wind farm interact with each other, a control problem arises that has been extensively studied in the literature: how can we optimize the power production of a wind farm as a whole? A traditional approach to this problem is called induction control, in which the power capture of an upstream turbine is lowered for the benefit of downstream machines. In recent simulation studies, an alternative approach, where the induction factor is varied over time, has shown promising results. In this paper, the potential of this dynamic induction control (DIC) approach is further investigated. Only periodic variations, where the input is a sinusoid, are studied. A proof of concept for this periodic DIC approach will be given by the execution of scaled wind tunnel experiments, showing for the first time that this approach can yield power gains in real-world wind farms. Furthermore, the effects on the damage equivalent loads (DEL) of the turbine are evaluated in a simulation environment. These indicate that the increase in DEL on the excited turbine is limited.
Two intertwined compartments coexisting in sporadic conventional colon adenomas
Authors: Rubio Carlos A.
Published: February 2020

Sporadic conventional colon adenomas are microscopically built of 2 intertwined compartments: one on top, harboring the dysplastic tissue that defines their histo-biomolecular attributes, and the other below, composed of non-dysplastic crypts with corrupted shapes (CCS). The CCS of 306 colon adenomas revealed asymmetric, haphazardly-distributed proliferating cell-domains (PC). In contrast, the PC-domains in normal controls were symmetric, being limited to the lower thirds of the crypts. In 28% out of 501 sporadic conventional adenomas, foci of p53-upregulated dysplastic tissue were found. The CCS in 30% of 108 sporadic adenomas showed p53-upregulated single cells, suggesting mounting somatic mutations. No p53-upregulated cells were found in the crypts of controls. In polypoid adenomas, the mucosa of the stalk without dysplastic tissue on top disclosed CCS with asymmetrical PC-domains and single p53-upregulated cells. The latter observations suggested that CCS had developed prior to and not after the growth of the dysplastic tissue on top. CCS were also found below colon adenomas in carcinogen-treated rats. It is concluded that the 2 intertwined histo-biological compartments of sporadic conventional colon adenomas are probably interdependent components. These findings may open new directions aimed to uncover the link between the normal colonic mucosa and the histogenesis of, conventional adenomas.
The derivation of highest subject questions and the nature of the EPP
Authors: Messick Troy
Published: February 2020

This squib argues that matrix subject wh-phrases reside in SpecCP and moreover during the course of the derivation, never move to SpecTP. This observation raises an immediate problem for languages with a strong EPP requirement on T, such as English. I argue that Chomsky (2013)’s approach to EPP effects (and other similar approaches) predict the observed pattern, while other prominent theories of the EPP fail to account for it.
Restructuring and the scope of negation in Hindi-Urdu
Authors: Homer Vincent , Bhatt Rajesh
Published: February 2020

In Hindi-Urdu, a negation which seems to be inside an infinitival complement can have effects typical of a matrix negation, e.g., NPI licensing in the matrix. We show that this exceptional behavior of negation is only possible with restructuring infinitives. We argue that the infinitival V moves out of the restructuring infinitive and into the matrix, and that it forms a cluster with the main verb. This movement makes the negative marker appear to belong to the embedded clause, when in fact it is in the matrix, and behaves as a matrix negation (in terms of scope and other tests). We thus have a new criterion for restructuring in Hindi-Urdu, alongside Long Distance Agreement. The existence of these two criteria allows us to explore the diversity of restructuring complements in Hindi-Urdu and show that the optionality of Long Distance Agreement is not tied to the optionality of restructuring.
Predictors of Returning to Work after Receiving Specialized Psycho-Oncological Care
Authors: Van der Lee Marije , Ranchor Adelita V. , Garssen Bert , Sanderman Robbert , Schroevers Maya J. , Roelen Corné
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictors of returning to work in a group of cancer patients that sought and received help from mental health care institutes specialized in psycho-oncological therapy. Moreover we identified which psychosocial factors were seen as important for returning to work by these patients and therapists working at these institutes.Method: This naturalistic study focused on cancer patients who applied for help at specialized psycho-oncology institutions in the Netherlands. Data were collected before the start of psychological care (T1), and three (T2) and nine (T3) months thereafter. Predictors of return to work were identified based on the opinion of therapists and patients from psycho-oncology institutions in the Netherlands. Predictor scores at T1 were used to predict return to work at T3. Discrimination between patients with and without return to work at T3 was investigated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and expressed as the area under the ROC curve (AUC).Results: At T1, 174 participants (79%) were off work due to sickness and 119 (68%) had returned to work at T3. Therapists and patients identified psychological symptoms, quality of life, comorbidity, helplessness, acceptation, mastery, stressful life-events, well-being, and domestic and social functioning as being important for predicting return to work. Domestic functioning was the strongest predictor of return to work at T3. The prediction model including all identified predictor variables did not discriminate between patients with and without return to work at T3, with AUC = 0.652 (95% CI 0.553–0.751).Conclusions: These results suggest that, although psychological symptoms are important at face validity for return to work after cancer, in patients that received help for psychological symptoms, they do not predict return to work.
The Status and Trends of China English
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Mi Hanfu
Published: February 2020

The status and trends of China English, as documented and analyzed in Bolton and Graddol (2011), are recurring topics of intense research interest in many linguistic studies, especially for some bilingual collaborative scholars from both western countries and China. The current paper attempts to describe the status of China English and analyze its trends based on relevant corpus data. The exuberance and vibrancy of China English are reflected in nativized English from Chinese, Chinese loanwords in English, and the pragmatics and functional use of China English. The corpus data analyses strongly support the practice of employing various calques in treating China-specific or culture-bound words, such as phonological calque, semantic calque, phono-semantic calque, and referential calque.
The Cost of Maternity Leave for the Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Nguyen Cynthia V. , Luong Marilan , Weiss Jennifer M. , Hardesty Christina , Karamitopoulos Mara , Poon Selina
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Maternity leave among orthopaedic surgeons is not well understood. This study seeks to quantify past and current maternal leave characteristics of female orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:

A survey was distributed to the members of the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society and Women in Orthopaedics, an online group exclusive to female orthopaedic surgeons in practice or in training. The survey was open from April 2018 to October 2018 with access gained by way of a web-based link. Respondents were queried regarding demographics and maternity leave characteristics including age at conception, length of leave given/taken, and cost.

Results:

A total of 801 surveys were completed with 452 surveys returning with information regarding past pregnancies. Of the 452 surgeons with children, the average leave offered was 4.6 ± 4.2 weeks for the first child, with 8.2 ± 7.4 weeks taken. A difference was observed (P < 0.001) between the amount of leave taken between residents (6.3 ± 5.0 weeks), fellows (8.3 ± 7.2 weeks), and practicing surgeons (9.6 ± 8.5 weeks). The average cost of the first leave was $40,932 ± 61,258. The average cost during training was different than during practice ($154 versus $45,350, P < 0.001). The length of leave offered (P = 0.05) and taken (P < 0.001) affects the cost, whereas delivery type, timing of stopping clinic, taking calls, and operating did not. Each additional week of leave offered saved a surgeon $2,583, and each additional week taken cost $3,252.

Discussion:

Residents take shorter leaves than fellows and attendings. The cost of taking leave is substantial, and the cost during practice is higher than during training. The amount of leave taken is greater than the amount of paid leave offered.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: February 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2020.
Commercialize the Cultivation of Yellow Pumpkin Plants
Authors: - Haryono , Siswati Endang , Epriliati Indah , Salmon Indra P P
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to explain the highly prospect and opportunity of yellow pumpkin commercialized and its indicate variable behind the lows interest of making it as the main crop by farming society. Cultivation technical approach used in identifying cultivating system of yellow pumpkin and use SWOT analysis to develop the strategy. Analyzing business feasibility commercialization of the cultivation of yellow pumpkin income calculations every harvest based on the primary data by the census of 9 sample group of farmers, observation, and in-depth interviews some key informants. The result of this research show that cultivation system of yellow pumpkin in Majasem Village do potential for cultivated commercially based on the mountain areas the mount of Northern Lawu with a production capacity 180.000 tons. Majasem Village qualified planting cultivation yellow pumpkin although using the simple and planting patterns the midst of rice, corn and soybean. Potential development cultivation yellow pumpkin in the future identified based on internal and external factors have a great capital opportunity to commercialization in supporting industrialization food and drink. Business feasibility in commercialization by requiring investment IDR 3.579.800 and IDR 6.211.667 at operational cost can produce income IDR 8.550.000 per harvest or IDR 2.338.333 per month with long turning capital during 2 months.
Nitric oxide, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and total antioxidant capacity in human seminal plasma of infertile men and their relationship with sperm parameters
Authors: Gholinezhad Maryam , Aliarab Azadeh , Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi Ghasem , Yousefnia-Pasha Yousefreza , Samadaian Niusha , Rasolpour-Roshan Korush , Aghagolzadeh-Haji Hemat , Mohammadoo-Khorasani Milad
Published: February 2020

Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of male infertility. But, the adverse effects of oxidative biomarkers on sperm quality remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the levels of nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) oxidative biomarkers in seminal plasma and their relationship with sperm parameters.Methods: A total of 77 volunteers participated in the study, including fertile (n=40) and infertile men (n=37). NO, 8-OHdG, and TAC levels were measured using the ferric reducing ability of plasma, Griess reagent method and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, respectively.Results: The mean values of sperm parameters in the infertile group were significantly lower than those in the fertile group (p<0.001). The mean 8-OHdG in the seminal plasma of infertile men was significantly higher (p=0.013) than those of controls, while the mean TAC was significantly lower (p=0.046). There was no significant difference in NO level between the two groups. The elevated seminal 8-OHdG levels were negatively correlated with semen volume, total sperm counts and morphology (p<0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.052, respectively). NO levels were negatively correlated with semen volume, total sperm counts and morphology (p=0.014, p=0.020 and p=0.060, respectively). Positive correlations between TAC and both sperm count and morphology (p=0.043 and p=0.025, respectively) were also found.Conclusion: These results suggested that increased levels of NO and 8-OHdG in seminal plasma could have a negative effect on sperm function by inducing damage to the sperm DNA hence their fertility potentials. Therefore, these biomarkers can be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
AVANÇOS DA LOBECTOMIA POR CIRURGIA TORÁCICA VIDEOASSISTIDA NO TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER DE PULMÃO
Authors: Coelho Frederico Luiz Pinto , Franco Roberta Pereira de Miranda
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O câncer de pulmão é a principal causa de morte por câncer no Brasil e no mundo. Grande parte dos pacientes é diagnosticada em fases avançadas da doença, onde as opções de tratamento são paliativas. Apenas 20-30% dos doentes com câncer de pulmão são diagnosticados precocemente e, para estes, o tratamento cirúrgico é o padrão ouro, considerado o único tratamento curativo em estágios iniciais. O advento da técnica de lobectomia por cirurgia torácica videoassistida (CTVA) trouxe novas perspectivas ao tratamento do câncer de pulmão, iniciando uma nova era na cirurgia torácica. Objetivo: Descrever os avanços da técnica de CTVA no tratamento do câncer de pulmão, compreendendo potenciais vantagens e desvantagens em relação à lobectomia convencional. Materiais e métodos: Este estudo foi construído por meio de revisão bibliográfica de textos referência no assunto e artigos indexados nas bases PubMed e Scielo. Discussão: A toracotomia aberta provoca um grande trauma com ampla resposta imunológica, aumentando a morbimortalidade pós-operatória. Com o advento da cirurgia laparoscópica, chegamos à Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida, suprimindo toracotomias abertas e suas consequências. A lobectomia por CTVA agora é comumente usada com resultados superiores, utilizando menos portas de acesso e sem a necessidade de afastar costelas ou seccionar músculos, o que propicia aos pacientes uma recuperação mais rápida. Entre os benefícios documentados da CTVA está a realização de incisões menores, com menor perda de sangue, menor risco de infecção, menor intensidade da dor, menor índice de complicações ventilatórias, menor liberação de mediadores inflamatórios, entre outros. Grandes massas tumorais, invasões extensas e certas complicações cirúrgicas perdem o benefício da abordagem minimamente invasiva do tórax. Conclusão: Apesar da gravidade, o câncer de pulmão tem cura quando identificado precocemente, e o seu tratamento pode ser feito por meio de cirurgia minimamente invasiva, sem prejuízo no resultado oncológico dos pacientes.