bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate nursing students’ perception of quality of managing objective structured clinical examinations and its relation to their exam stressors and achievement
Authors: Mahmoud Eman A. , Al Fattah Magda A.A.H.A. , Gaber Shereen
Published: January 2025

Background

An objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is one of the most important instruments for assessing clinical skills at the undergraduate level of nursing education. During their clinical exams, nursing students frequently encounter a range of stressors, which may either directly or indirectly affect how well they perform.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of the quality of managing objective structured clinical exams and their relation to their exam stress and achievement.

Methods

A quantitative descriptive correlational design was utilized. Four tools of data collection were used from a solicited sample of 705 students from undergraduate Nursing students embroiled in various Nursing specialties, and levels that completed the OSCE exams within a certain semester at the Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University.

Result

The main findings revealed that nursing students had overall positive mean score perception to word OSCE performance, organization, attributes, and total quality of managing OSCE exams. The overall mean score of incidence of stress was moderate to high at different educational levels. There was highly statistically significant relationship between students, grade point average (GPA) and total quality of managing OSCE, also between GPA and Perceived OSCE exam stress among the students at the second educational level only.

Conclusion

Accordingly, it can be concluded that, the perceived quality of managing OSCE affects OSCE exam stress level and total GPA.

Recommendations

The study recommended that more practice sessions/mock exams with adequate feedback for better prepare for OSCE exams. Redesigning for OSCE laboratories for money-efficient, effective conduction of OSCE exams. determine contributing factors causing stress during OSCE exams for better preparation of OSCE exams without stress. Further studies are required before recommending OSCE as a formative evaluation tool in undergraduate nursing students.
Potential biofluid markers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chen Jieyu , Liang Chunyu , Wang Fang , Zhu Yongyun , Zhu Liuhui , Chen Jianzhun , Liu Bin , Yang Xinglong
Published: January 2025

Cognitive impairment is a particularly severe non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that significantly diminishes the quality of life of affected individuals. Identifying reliable biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is essential for early diagnosis, prognostic assessments, and the development of targeted therapies. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in biofluid biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, focusing on the detection of specific proteins, metabolites, and other biomarkers in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva. These biomarkers can shed light on the multifaceted etiology of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, which includes protein misfolding, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The integration of biofluid biomarkers with neuroimaging and clinical data can facilitate the development of predictive models to enhance early diagnosis and monitor the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. This comprehensive approach can improve the existing understanding of the mechanisms driving cognitive decline and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the course of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Despite the promise of these biomarkers in characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease, further research is necessary to validate their clinical utility and establish a standardized framework for early detection and monitoring of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
Nachhaltigkeitsförderung in DaF-Lehrwerken für die Anfängerstufe und Vorschlag eines eigenen BNE-Modells für den Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Černetič Jan
Published: January 2025

Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt das Thema der Nachhaltigkeit im Allgemeinen, aus der Bildungsperspektive und aus der fremdsprachendidaktischen Sicht. Letztere umfasst den Blick in den Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmen für Sprachen (2001) und seinen Begleitband (2020), die Gestaltungskompetenz nach de Haan (2002) und anderen Autor*innen, ihre Bereiche des Erkennens, Bewertens und Handelns und die Inhalte, die nach dem Drei-Säulen-Modell der Nachhaltigkeit differenziert werden. Dem theoretischen Überblick folgt eine empirische Untersuchung, die zu ermitteln versucht, inwiefern die nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Inhalte in gymnasialen DaF-Lehrwerken vertreten sind. Es wird ein eigenes Modell für ein ganzheitliches und allmähliches Eingehen auf das Thema vorgeschlagen, einschließlich des Einsatzes aktueller KI-Plattformen wie Chat-GPT in fremdsprachendidaktischen Aktivitäten.
On limited communitarianism: Matolino’s thinking and the changing African world
Authors: Maraganedzha Mutshidzi
Published: January 2025

In the corpus of African philosophy, Bernard Matolino has made a substantial contribution to the development of communitarian theory, offering a fresh perspective on the concept. While his predecessors, such as Ifeanyi Menkiti and Kwame Gyekye, proposed radical and moderate forms of communitarianism, Matolino argues that these accounts are inadequate in capturing the rapidly evolving African reality. For instance, Menkiti’s radical communitarianism emphasized the community’s role in shaping individual identity, whereas Gyekye’s moderate approach sought to strike a balance between individual and communal interests. In response, Matolino introduces the concept of limited communitarianism, which acknowledges the dynamic nature of African societies and offers a more nuanced understanding of communitarianism. This concept recognizes that communities are not static entities but rather adapt to changing circumstances, and, thus, our understanding of communitarianism must also evolve. This article serves as a timely reminder to scholars and theorists of communitarianism to re-examine their assumptions and approaches to the African reality with a more nuanced and adaptable perspective. It underscores the importance of recognizing the complexities of our past, acknowledging the diversity of our present, and envisioning a future that is responsive to the changing needs and aspirations of African communities. By doing so, we can move beyond dogmatic and rigid interpretations of communitarianism and instead embrace a more inclusive and dynamic understanding of African reality.
STEM application in education: Implication of STEM computational paradigm on employment prospects
Authors: Bunmi Eboesomi Esther , Esegbona-Isikeh Ogheneruona Maria , Oriakhi Victor Nosakhare , Akiotu Cynthia Abiemwense , Emakporuena Daniel , Matthew Ugochukwu O.
Published: January 2025

The rapidly advancing fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have contributed to the largely automated diversities in educational technologies. This has impacted several industries and fundamentally changed how academic businesses are conducted. Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have completely changed how services are distributed across the digital ecosystem. Base on the STEM-related technologies, the global digital economy and the educational sector are becoming increasingly computerized. Computers are extensively used as educational pedagogy tools to improve learning quality and student participation. Teachers can use computer-based audio, video, and visual aids to build lesson plans. Using Microsoft Power Point to produce and deliver electronic presentations to audiences is a great example of interactive education. These electronic presentations will be displayed on the screen with multimedia projectors in the classrooms where all students will be engaged in the modern teaching methodology. Video effects make lectures more impactful, and multimedia presentations are entertaining to watch and listen to. The use of computers in classrooms will also have an impact on teaching and learning methodologies and technological breakthroughs. Since computer technology now integrates all forms of media for interactive interaction, it has seen advances in all aspects of human managing responsibility. By employing ChatGPT as a writing coach, students can improve their written communication abilities. With ChatGPT, students can write essays, reports, or creative works by creating outlines, receiving feedback on their drafts, and refining their language and style. For example, when composing a persuasive essay, a student may consult ChatGPT for guidance on how to strengthen their argument or clarify their understandings. This paper provided STEM computational view on the academic business in the ongoing educational technology extreme automation.
Generative artificial intelligence in education: ChatGPT-4 experiences to anticipated ChatGPT-5
Authors: Oriakhi Victor Nosakhare , Esegbona-Isikeh Ogheneruona Maria , Esseme Bah , Claude Alain , Emakporuena Daniel , Nwanakwaugwu Andrew Chinonso , Matthew Ugochukwu O.
Published: January 2025

Higher generative artificial intelligence (HGAI) models have shown promise for improving teaching and learning processes, as demonstrated by ChatGPT 4 and the soon-to-be ChatGTP 5. This is a major turning point in the field of educational technology. OpenAI's latest language model version is a significant resource for both teachers and students because of its sophisticated ability to comprehend, react, and engage in ways that closely resemble human-like discourse. By creating a more dynamic, tailored, and easily accessible learning environment, ChatGPT 4's incorporation into educational settings holds the potential to completely transform conventional approaches. In order to significantly increase teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes, the education sector is constantly looking for innovative ideas. With its advanced algorithms and extensive knowledge base, ChatGPT 4 is leading the way in this educational revolution. On the other hand, ChatGPT 5 will provide learners with a platform to enhance their critical thinking, creativity, and problemsolving abilities in addition to being an information resource. Teachers can design more varied and interesting learning experiences that meet the requirements of their students by utilizing HGAI. The remarkable capabilities of ChatGPT to carry out intricate tasks in the educational domain have generated conflicting emotions among educators, since this breakthrough in AI appears to transform current educational practices. This exploratory study presents some possible advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT in fostering teaching and learning by synthesizing recent existing literature. In addition to discussing safe and constructive ways to use these emerging HGAI technologies to enhance education and promote students' learning, the study offers ideas on how policy makers, researchers, educators, and technology experts might engage ChatGPT to optimize teaching and learning in realizing sustainable development goal on education.
Incidence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among patients attending general hospitals, Katsina, Nigeria
Authors: Isah Kamilu , Rabi'u Sani , Kabir Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Assessment of the incidence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among patients attending general hospital Katsina was carried out between the months of March to July 2019. A total of 300 of patients age 5 - 65 years were screened for Schistosoma haematobium eggs in the urine. Centrifuge concentration techniques was used in the analysis of urine samples. A total of 39 (13%) of the urine samples were found to contained Schistosoma haematobium eggs. ui Schistosoma haematobium infection was significantly higher in male 29(16.4%) than in female 10 (8.1%) this is followed by the children aged 11-15 but lower incidence was recorded among age group 16-20 and 21-65 years respectively.
Assessment of the involvement of quantity surveyors in the measurement of electrical services for buildings in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Abdulkadir Babale , Mohammed Abdullahi , Halidu Abdullahi Salisu , Hassan Hauwa
Published: January 2025

The preparation of bills of quantities for electrical services has been considered as one of the essential knowledge areas for quantity surveyors in managing the cost of building services. Previous research have indicated that the level of involvement of quantity surveyors in the measurement of electrical services In Nigeria is low. This study aimed at assessing the extent to which quantity surveyors are involved in the measurement of electrical services in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A qualitative approach was used for this study with semi-structured interviews conducted with some quantity surveyors to collect data. Data collected was analysed using constant comparative analysis method. The results showed that a large percentage (75%) of quantity surveyors in Kaduna State, Nigeria are involved in the measurement of electrical services for building projects. The study concluded that for more realistic cost estimates in electrical services, detailed measurement rather than the use of lump sum amounts should be encouraged. The study recommended that quantity surveyors should updated their measurement skills on electrical services through continuous professional development.
Role of tree loggers in promoting insecurity in Sabon Birni Local Government Area, Sokoto State: A review
Authors: Ibrahim Aminu Garba , Paga Muhammad Musa
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationship between tree logging, deforestation, and insecurity in Sabon Birini, Sokoto State, Nigeria. The paper reviews existing literature on the environmental and socio-economic impacts of logging and deforestation, highlighting their contributions to insecurity in the region. The findings reveal that illegal logging and deforestation have led to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the study shows that the socio-economic drivers of insecurity, including poverty and unemployment, are exacerbated by the loss of forest resources. The study recommends localized research, community-based approaches, education and awareness programs, policy reforms, and support for alternative livelihoods to address the dual challenges of deforestation and insecurity in Sabon Birini. The paper concludes that addressing the dual challenges of deforestation and insecurity requires a multi-faceted approach that involves localized research, community-based interventions, and education and awareness programs
Effects of Point of Sale (POS)terminal utilization on micro enterprises in Dambatta Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria.
Authors: Suleiman Amina Umar , Maiwada Saminu , Ibrahim Abdullahi
Published: January 2025

The study looked at the effects of POS utilization by micro businesses on their sales and access to some basic financial services especially micro credit which is often considered as necessary for business expansion and development. The chosen area of study is one of the rural local government areas in kano state and hence there is need to find out whether the use of POS in such a location is actually promoting the development of micro enterprises. A sample of 111 micro enterprises who utilize point of sale terminal for their transactions was used for the study. The data gathered were analyzed using multiple linear regression, logistic regression and a Tobit regression. The result indicated that POS utilization adds more to daily sales than cash sales and that the likelihood of making more sales with POS by micro entrepreneurs in the study area is largely determined by business location, type of business, volume of sales and the years of bank account holding. While the likelihood of obtaining formal credit is majorly determined by location of business. The study therefore recommends that the financial inclusion drive of the CBN should be made more intense and the internet service should be improved in the rural areas to facilitate ease of transactions by POS terminal users.
Vasoactive properties of hydro-methanol pod powder extract of Acacia nilotica in porcine coronary artery: Role of Nitric Oxide (NO)
Authors: Sene Mbaye , Diouf Ibrahima , Ndiaye Mamadou , Ba Awa , Ndiaye Awa , Kane Modou Oumy , Sarr Mamadou , Schini-Kerth Valérie , Sene Madieye
Published: January 2025

Background: Acacia nilotica is a plant used in traditional medicine in Senegal for treatment of high blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine whether a hydro-methanolic pod powder extract of Acacia nilotica (MSAN01) can induce a relaxant effect in porcine coronary arteries and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Methods: Porcine coronary artery rings were suspended in organ chambers to record changes in isometric forces. Rings with intact endothelium were incubated with or without L-Nitro Arginine (L-NA, 300 µM) to block NO synthase; 1,12 bis[(2-methylquinolin-4-yl)amino]dodecane (UCL, 100 nM), an inhibitor of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SKCa); and Tram-34 (1 µM), an inhibitor of intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (IKCa); or indomethacin (INDO, 10 µM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, before contraction with U46619 (1-60 nM), a thromboxane A2 analogue, and subsequent generation of a concentration-relaxation curve to hydro-methanolic pod powder extract of Acacia nilotica (MSAN01). In some experiments, the endothelium was removed before contraction with U46619 (1-60 nM) and concentration-relaxation with MSAN01. Bradykinin was used to verify the presence of functional endothelium.
Results: Exposure The hydro-ethanolic pod powder extract of Acacia nilotica induces a vasodilatory effect in porcine coronary arteries pre-contracted with U46619. This effect is endothelium-dependent and mediated by nitric oxide (NO).
Conclusion: It Acacia nilotica induces vascular relaxation, which may explain the beneficial effects of this plant in the treatment of high blood pressure in Africa.
Hyperglycaemia-Induced Nephropathy is Prevented by Resveratrol and Pioglitazone Co-Administration in Type-2 Diabetic Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Isa Khadija S. , Jimoh Abdulazeez , Mohammed Aliyu , Alex Enoch A
Published: January 2025

Background: Hyperglycaemia results in oxidative stress and activation of certain pathways such as that of aldose reductase, commonly observed in the development of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol and pioglitazone co-administration in hyperglycaemia-induced nephropathy in type-2 diabetes.
Methods: Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats were induced with type-2 diabetes through high-fat-diet and fructose feeding for six weeks, followed by a single dose of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) injection intraperitoneally. Rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of ≥ 200 mg/dL (20) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 4 rats each. Eight (8) other apparently healthy rats received regular diet and formed groups I and II of the experiment who received 1 ml/kg distilled water and 1 ml/kg carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) respectively, group III remained untreated, group IV, V, VI and VII received 100 mg/kg resveratrol, 5 mg/kg pioglitazone, 100 mg/kg resveratrol + 5 mg/kg pioglitazone and 1 mg/kg Lisinopril respectively. All interventions were given through oral route and lasted for six weeks post STZ injection. Rats were then fasted overnight and anaesthesized with 50 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride and 25 mg/kg diazepam. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture in plain bottles and the right kidney of each rat was homogenized for biochemical assays. Data were analyzed and expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) using one way or repeated measure analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test to compare level of significance, values of p ˂ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in FBG levels between the co-administration and diabetic untreated groups at weeks 8, 10 and 12. Activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GSH in kidney homogenate increased significantly with a corresponding statistical significant decrease in MDA concentration between co-administration and diabetic untreated groups. Also, significant decreases (p< 0.05) were seen in serum levels of aldose reductase and KIM-1 in the co-administration group compared to the diabetic control.
Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows that resveratrol could potentially augment the effect of anti-diabetic drugs, in this case pioglitazone, in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy development in type-2 diabetes.
Histological Changes in the Lungs and some Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Wistar Rats Following Exposure to Fly Ash Dust
Authors: Ehi-Omosun Mabel B , Akande Maryam F
Published: January 2025

Background: Fly ash dust is a harmful air pollutant that poses a major environmental and health risk. Previous research has linked fly ash dust to respiratory tract disease but its effects on the lung are not well understood. We aimed at investigating body weight, lung histoarchitecture, and haematological and biochemical changes in Wistar rats exposed to fly ash dust.
Methods:Twenty-four Wistar rats (12 males, 12 females), weighing 250g-280g, were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Group A rats were placed in a fly ash dust-free chamber while Group B - D rats were exposed to various concentrations of fly ash dust dispersed from 5g, 10g and 20g of fly ash, respectively. The weights of the animals were recorded weekly and body weight gain computed. At the end of 28th day of exposure, the rats were weighed and euthanized under chloroform anaesthesia. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture into plain specimen bottles for biochemical analysis and into EDTA anticoagulant bottles for haematological analysis. The lungs were harvested and processed for histological examination. The obtained data were analyzed using the one-way Analysis of Variance, with level of significance set at P<0.05.
Results: Exposure to fly ash dust caused significantly reduced weight gain and haematological alterations in rats including decreased lymphocytes, haemoglobin, and red blood cells. Biochemical analysis revealed increased manganese, urea, and creatinine levels, indicative of manganese poisoning and renal impairment. Additionally, low serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels suggested acidosis. Histopathological examination confirmed normal lung architecture in the control group. There were observable histological variations in the lung architecture of the exposed rats (Groups B-D) which include bronchiolar ulceration, activated lymphoid follicles, and patchy alveolar collapse (evidence of pneumonitis). Given the similar biological responses, these effects of fly ash dust on rats can be reasonably extrapolated to humans, highlighting the importance of protective measures for individual occupationally exposed to fly ash dust.
Conclusion: Fly ash dust caused body weight loss, histopathological changes in lung tissue, haematological and biochemical derangements which are capable of compromising lung, haematological, biochemical and renal functions, potentially resulting in fatal outcomes.
New records of Metarbelidae from Namibia and description of a new species from the Great Escarpment (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea)
Authors: Mey Wolfram
Published: January 2025

New faunistic data from Namibia are given for the family Metarbelidae. A total of 17 species are recorded and a new species is described: Metarbela dietermeyi sp. nov. The adults of the new species and specimens of Lukeniana raymondrevellii and two Selagena species are illustrated in colour. The male genitalia and wing venation of M. dietermeyi sp. nov. are depicted as line drawings and its systematic position is briefly discussed.
The Development and Validation of an Attitude Scale for Abortion in Turkey
Authors: Karaşin Yusuf , Karagöz Yalçın
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAbortion is a complex phenomenon studied not only from a health perspective, but also from a legal and social dimensions. Attitudes towards abortion have been varied significantly across different cultures and historical periods. In Turkey, where abortion is legal under specific conditions and timeframes, understanding these attitudes through the development of a standardized measurement tool can contribute meaningfully to the field.AimThis study aims to develop a reliable and valid attitude scale to measure perspectives towards abortion in a Turkish sample.Methods The study included 303 women aged 18-49 years residing in the Esenyurt district of Istanbul. The scale development process followed a rigorous methodology, including creating a draft scale, obtaining expert input, conducting a pilot application, refining the draft scale, collecting data from the sample group, and performing factor analyses.ResultsA three-factor structure consisting of 23 items was identified (χ2/df: 2.787, Goodness of Fit Index(GFI): 0.853, Incremental Fit Index(IFI):0.913, Comparative Fıt Index(CFI):0.912, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation(RMSEA): 0.077, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual(SRMR): 0.0751). The three factors labeled as stigma, exclusion and hear respect explained the underlying attitudes captured by the scale.Conclusion This study successfully developed valid and reliable measurement tool to assess attitudes towards abortion has been developed in a Turkish context. The scale provides an important resource for future research and contributes to the broader understanding of abortion-related attitudes.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(3):411-422
Post-traumatic Stress Disorders among Survivors of Road Traffic Crash injuries aged 18 Years and above, in Kigali City, Rwanda
Authors: Mutayomba Aimable , Ogendi Japheths
Published: January 2025

Background Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 4% of the world’s population and is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses among survivors of road traffic crashes; however, it has received little attention in the clinical setting. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with PTSD among survivors of road traffic crash injuries aged not less than 18 years obtaining follow-up care in public hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods This cross-sectional study included 288 survivors of road traffic crash injuries who were obtaining care in three public hospitals in Kigali for two months, from 1st August to 30th September 2023. The PTSD was diagnosed using a clinician-administered PTSD scale described in DSM V. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors linked to PTSD. The previous history of traumatic events was assessed using a Life Event Checklist for Diagnostic Statistical Manual-V (DSM-V).Results Of the 288 survivors, 50 (17.36%), were diagnosed to experience PTSD. The following were found to be positively associated with PTSD: age bracket of 32 to 38 (p = 0.001) and 39 to 45 years (p=0.001); absence of formal education (p=0.03); a history of family conflict (p=0.001); severe injuries (p=0.001); and; history of previous traumatic event (p=0.02). Conclusion Post-traumatic stress disorder is a public health concern among RTC survivors. Screening programs that capture PTSD should be an important intervention strategy.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(3):423-434
Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic activities of Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle and Halimeda macroloba Decaisne on cervical cancer cell lines
Authors: Navakanitworakul Raphatphorn , Nittayaboon Kesara , Chumkaew Parinuch , Phetcharat Sinjai , Mayakun Jaruwan
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To determine the cytotoxic effects of phytochemical compounds in Enhalus acoroides and Halimeda macroloba crude extracts on cervical carcinoma and normal kidney tissue cells.
Methods: Dried Enhalus acoroides and Halimeda macroloba were macerated in ethanol. Then, phytochemical screening was done using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The cytotoxic activities of extracts against HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells were performed using MTT assay.
Results: The H. macroloba extract was highly active against SiHa cells, with an IC50 of 17.22 ± 3.93 μg/mL, and moderately active against  HeLa cells, with an IC50 of 36.57 ± 7.26 μg/mL. The E. acoroides extract was moderately active against both HeLa and SiHa cells. Moreover,  both extracts exhibited lower toxicity against HEK293 normal kidney cells, with IC50 values of > 80 μg/mL.
Conclusion: These results suggest that E. acoroides and H. macroloba exert potent cytotoxic activity on cervical cancer cells. The mode of  action associated with the cytotoxicity of these extracts, and the effect of the combination of the extracts with chemotherapy, should be  investigated in subsequent studies.
Growth optimizatio n and metabolite yield of non pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from the gut of African catfish: Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Umma Samuel , Agbeja Yetunde , Oyebola Olusegun , Ametefe George
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To investigate the optimum growth and metabolite yield of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli in the gut of African catfish for use as a substitute.
Methods: Optimization was statistically carried out for the growth and metabolite yield of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. Response Surface Design was used to generate three levels of each of the following operational factors viz glucose, peptone water, potassium nitrate (KNO3), Bambara nut, pH and temperature for the production of peptone water–glucose, KNO3–glucose and Bambara nut culture media, respectively. The absorbance was read consecutively for 7 days using a UV-VIS double beam spectrophotometer while the metabolites were identified and analyzed using gas chromatography-MS.
Results: Optimum growth and metabolite yield of the non-pathogenic Escherichia coli occurred on the 4th and 7th day in Peptone water–glucose, KNO3–glucose and Bambara nut media, with sequential p-values ranging from 0.115 (quadratic) – 0.002 (linear), 0.370 (linear) – 0.020 (quadratic), 0.470 (linear) – 0.040 (quadratic), respectively. The combination of peptone water (0.9 g), glucose (4.0 g) and pH (7.25) at 37 °C gave the optimum culture conditions for metabolite yield, with 19 classes of metabolites identified.
Conclusion: The quadratic model is the suitable predictive model and Peptone water–glucose has optimum metabolite yield. Therefore, it is ideal for therapeutic and nutritional purposes in aquaculture based on yield and quality of metabolites.
Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of phytochemicals extracted from leaves, branches and roots of native and hybrid Thai mulberry (Morus alba, Linn.) cultivars
Authors: Katisart Teeraporn , Magnussen Kanitsara , Konsue Ampa , Butkhup Luchai , Butiman Chirapha
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To determine the phytochemical compounds, in leaves, branches and roots of two mulberry cultivars, Monnoi and Buriram 60 (Br.60).
Methods: Both cultivars were grown under organic conditions. Extraction of plant parts was done using either distilled water (autoclave),  50 % ethanol or 95 % ethanol and the proximate chemical analysis including 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content, total flavonoid (TFC) and  total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of the plant extracts were analyzed.
Results: The proximate analysis showed that both cultivars had high protein content in leaves (21 – 25 %) compared to branches and  roots. The carbohydrate content was high in all parts of both cultivars (32 – 50 %) and the DNJ content of all parts using 50 % ethanol  extraction was higher compared to the other two methods, ranging from 10 – 17 mg/g Ext. Total phenolic content (TPC) in Monnoi branches extracted with distilled water (autoclave) was 13.45 ± 0.26 mg GE/g Ext while Br.60 roots with distilled water extraction  (autoclave) showed the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) at 1.55 ± 0.02 mg QE/g Ext. Antioxidant activities of the extract on FRAP,  DPPH radical and ABTS were high for both cultivars but the IC50 value was higher and significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to two  standards used as controls (Trolox and Ascorbic acid). The α-glucosidase assay showed that the leaves and branches of Monnoi had IC50 values of 2.21 ± 0.09 and 2.45 ± 0.1, respectively, with the potential to reduce enzymatic activity but less than the standard substance  Acarbose with an IC50 of 0.31 ± 0.01.
Conclusion: Two mulberry cultivars, Monnoi and Br.60, show high potential for diabetes treatment owing to their bioactive compounds.  Extraction with 50 % ethanol gives the highest yield. Further isolation and characterization and possible mechanism of action of  phytoactive constituents such as 1- deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) would be necessary.
Evaluation of awareness, perceptions and opinions of artificial intelligence (AI) among healthcare students – A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fadil Haifa , Alahmadi Yaser
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To ascertain the views, knowledge and opinions of healthcare students (HCs) regarding artificial intelligence (AI).
Methods: The cross-sectional survey designed to assess awareness, perceptions and opinions of HCs towards AI was conducted between  April to June 2023. A pre-tested, validated structured questionnaire was distributed electronically to HCs across different universities in  Saudi Arabia. Responses were compiled using a 5-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha score of 0.80 was used to establish the reliability of  the questionnaire. Mean scores were determined by calculating each item in the perceptions compiled.
Results: Majority of HCs had a positive perception towards AI in healthcare and agreed that AI could improve diagnostic accuracy (73.4  %), reduce errors in medical practice (65.2 %) and facilitate patient education (70.8 %). However, some concerns were expressed that AI  has a harmful impact on healthcare practitioners' relationships with patients and potential ethical implications (44.3 %) and also allows  patients to increase control over their health (51 %). Most students (85 %) believe that if AI is integrated into healthcare, there is a risk of  losing jobs. The analysis of multiple linear regression shows that course of study (B = 0.311; SE = 0.132; t = 2.360; p = 0.019; CI = 0.052 to  0.570), awareness of AI (B = -1.822; SE = 0.785; t = -2.320; p = 0.021; CI = - 3.366 to -0.279) were predictors of perception score of AI. 
Conclusion: Healthcare students show positive perceptions towards AI and agree that AI helps in various aspects of healthcare. However,  students revealed some concerns about AI. Therefore, addressing concerns related to ethics, workforce impact and patient  privacy is crucial for successful AI implementation in the healthcare sector.
Therapeutic and clinico-biological significance of CREB3L4 expression in primary prostate cancer
Authors: Alfahed Abdulaziz
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic, clinicopathological and biological relevancy of CREB3L4 expression in primary prostate cancer  (PCa) and to determine the mechanisms underlying the deregulation of CREB3L4 expression in PCa.
Methods: The therapeutic, clinicopathological and biological significance of CREB3L4 expressions in two cohorts of PCa, and the  mechanisms of deregulation of CREB3L4 expression using TCGA data were determined using integrative computational analyses of the  clinico-genomic data of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DFKZ).
Result: Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) demonstrated enrichment of gene sets that predict biological responses to a range of  approved inhibitors in the PCa subsets with low CREB3L4 expression, and at nominal and false discovery rates of p < 0.05 and p < 0.25,  respectively. In addition, lower CREB3L4 expression in TCGA PCa cohort showed poorer outcomes following androgen deprivation  therapy. Furthermore, GSEA demonstrated that cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, inflammatory  response and apoptosis gene sets were enriched in PCa subsets with low CREB3L4 expressions. Low CREB3L4 expression was associated  with adverse clinicopathological features of PCa at adjusted p < 0.05. Multiple regression analysis of the methylation, microRNA  expression and copy number data of CREB3L4 identified the methylation loci and miRNA expression which independently predicted the  expression of CREB3L4 in PCa.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential therapeutic relevance and clinico-biological significance  of CREB3L4 expression in primary PCa.
Mechanistic insight into the cholinergic, muscarinic and antagonistic effects of Khat (Catha edulis) on native nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Abdelwahab Siddig , Sidahmed Heyam , Alfaifi Hassan , Albadawi Dina , Alzahrani Amal
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To investigate the cholinergic, muscarinic and antagonistic effects of Khat (Catha edulis) on native nicotinic acetylcholine  receptors (nAChR) and understand its associated mechanism.Methods: Fresh leaves of Catha edulis (50 g) were pulverized and subjected to extraction using 200mL of methanol and filtered. The  filtrate was reconstituted with 0.02 N sulfuric acid, and then chloroform extraction. Properties of the crude alkaloid extract of khat (CAEK)  were assessed in skeletal muscles isolated from frog rectus abdominis. In silico analysis of the effects of cathine (CAT) and cathinone (CATO) on muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and molecular docking to predict their potential binding sites on nAChR subunits were carried out.Results: Pre-treatment of isolated muscles with CAEK inhibited carbachol-induced contractility in a dose-dependent manner. At 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/mL concentrations of CAEK, inhibition percentages were 74.4, 85.2, 95.4 and 99.5 %, respectively. Molecular docking studies  show that CAT and CATO modulate the function of nAChRs through competitive antagonism.Conclusion: These results reveal that khat consumption could contribute to the development of skeletal muscle-associated ailments; hence, detailed studies emphasizing cardiac complications and muscular toxicity mechanisms should be conducted.
Anteseden Digital Transformation Capabilities Karyawan Di Perusahaan Sektor Ritel di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Nurhikmah Mutia
Published: January 2025

An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100 to 250 words in length. References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Standard nomenclature should be used, and non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. No literature should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add to 5 keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those already present in the title (9 pt).
Hubungan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, dan Asi Eksklusif dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di Puskesmas Gunung Sari
Authors: Putra I Made Yogi Dwi Adnyana , Sahrun Sahrun , Setiawan I Nyoman Cahyadi Tri , Budiana Kadek Pasek
Published: January 2025

Peradangan akut pada parenkim paru yang dikarenakan infeksi mikroba dikenal sebagai pneumonia. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyebut pneumonia sebagai “Pembunuh Anak yang Terlupakan” karena merupakan penyebab utama kematian anak di bawah usia lima tahun. Berbagai faktor risiko pneumonia, seperti usia, jenis kelamin, serta pemberian ASI eksklusif, dikaitkan dengan meningkatnya prevalensi pneumonia pada balita. Aspek-aspek risiko tersebut memengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh anak. Untuk memastikan hubungan antara kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Puskesmas Gunung Sari dengan umur, jenis kelamin, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif, digunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif analitik observasional. Pengambilan sampel dalam riset ini dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Riset dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Gunung Sari pada bulan September 2024. Total 72 pasien yang datanya diperoleh dari rekam medis digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian. Metode uji chi-square diterapkan guna menganalisis data secara statistik dalam penelitian ini. Dari 72 responden, total 60 orang (83,3%) menderita pneumonia, 50 orang (69,4%) berusia antara 7 hingga 24 bulan, 42 orang (58,3%) berjenis kelamin laki-laki, serta 46 orang (76,7%) tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Temuan analisis membuktikan bahwa usia (bulan) (p = 0,000; PR = 1,760; CI 95% = 1,197 sampai 2,588), jenis kelamin (p = 0,001; PR = 1,429; CI 95% = 1,099 sampai 1,856), serta pemberian ASI eksklusif (p = 0,000; PR = 0,572; CI 95% = 0,403 sampai 0,812) merupakan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan kejadian pneumonia di Puskesmas Gunung Sari.
The Meaning of Bouquets Among the Ponorogo City Society: a Symbolic Interactionism Perspective
Authors: Rosyidah Eva , Prasetiyo Luhur
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the meaning of giving bouquets among urban communities, especially as a symbol of social status and expression of emotions using a symbolic interactionism approach. In a society that is increasingly connected with the influence of social media, giving bouquets has transformed from a mere tradition into a more complex trend. Bouquets, which were once identical to flowers as an expression of affection or someone's emotions in appreciation, now involve various other forms of gifts and function as a tool to express happiness, gratitude, and social support. This study uses a qualitative approach with participatory observation methods, in-depth interviews, and documentation to explore the meaning of giving bouquets in various social contexts, such as graduations, celebrations, and personal achievements. The results of the study show that giving bouquets is not only an expression of personal emotions, but also as a status symbol that strengthens social relationships between individuals. Thus, giving bouquets functions as a social communication tool that reflects the dynamics of changing values and social interactions in society
Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Aplikasi Quizizz Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di SMA Aisyiyah 1 Palembang
Authors: Aseptianova Aseptianova , Adilla Y. Rosa , Kholilah Kholilah , Haslin Nizkon
Published: January 2025

Tujuan peneliti ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar di SMA Aisyiyah 1 Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pre-experimental design. Dengan rancangan penelitian Design One Group Pretest-Posttest. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan satu kelas yaitu X.1 di SMA Aisyiyah 1 palembang sebagai kelas eksperimen. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan ui hipotesis. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05. Karena sig 0,000 < 0,05, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya model Discovery Learning berbantuan aplikasi Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar siswa berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X.1 pada materi Keanekaragaman Hayati di SMA Aisyiyah 1 Palembang.
Teori Hukum Pidana: Pemidanaan, Korupsi, dan Perlindungan Anak di Indonesia
Authors: Hariyadi Nazla Shafira , Suherman Ade Maman , Setiady Tri
Published: January 2025

Hukum pidana memiliki peran penting dalam menegakkan keadilan, khususnya melalui pemidanaan terhadap tindak pidana seperti korupsi dan kejahatan yang melibatkan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi teori hukum pidana dalam konteks pemidanaan, pemberantasan korupsi, dan perlindungan anak di Indonesia. Menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan kasus, penelitian ini menganalisis sumber hukum tertulis serta studi kasus konkret untuk memahami tantangan dalam penegakan hukum pidana. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemidanaan di Indonesia sering mendapat kritik karena kurangnya efek jera, terutama dalam kasus korupsi yang melibatkan pejabat tinggi. Selain itu, pemidanaan anak memerlukan pendekatan yang lebih humanis melalui restorative justice untuk memastikan perlindungan hak anak dan rehabilitasi. Analisis terhadap teori retributif, preventif, dan rehabilitatif menunjukkan perlunya keseimbangan antara pembalasan dan rehabilitasi dalam penegakan hukum pidana. Implementasi teori hukum pidana di Indonesia memerlukan reformasi, baik dalam penanganan kasus korupsi maupun pemidanaan anak, untuk mewujudkan keadilan yang lebih efektif dan humanis. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi dan peningkatan infrastruktur pendukung untuk mendukung sistem pemidanaan yang lebih adil dan efisien.
ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND ONLINE PUBLIC DISCOURSE ON DEMOCRACY ISSUES DURING THE 2024 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION DEBATE ON YOUTUBE
Authors: Auliya Asti Nurul , Nasiwan Nasiwan , Pratama Dimes Akbar
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore (1) the influence of polarization of public opinion on YouTube social media on the 2024 presidential debate, (2) the public's response to the issue of democracy raised by the presidential candidate pair, and (3) the impact of YouTube use on political participation in the 2024 presidential election. Using a qualitative approach with the critical discourse analysis (CDA) method, this study analyzes online conversations about democracy issues in the 2024 election debate. The data was obtained through web scraping using Python and analyzed using the NVivo application to identify keywords and conduct sentiment analysis. Researchers play the role of the main instrument in the research process, ensuring the validity of data through systematic analysis. The analysis process includes the identification of debate videos, transcription of comments, classification, and analysis of participation patterns. The results of the study show that (1) the polarization of public opinion occurs through moderate debates related to the presidential candidate's ideas about democracy, human rights, and social justice; (2) the response of the public reflects the important role of YouTube in shaping understanding of democratic issues; and (3) the use of social media, especially YouTube, contributes significantly to political participation, making these platforms a tool for discussing and expressing political views that can influence the outcome of elections.