bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher’s Role in Managing the Classroom Pedagogy
Authors: Subedi Kusum Raj , Subedi Upendra , Subedi Suprabha
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to investigate teacher’s roles performed by the English teachers in managing the class during the teaching and learning process at schools of Ratnanagar municipality. The research methodology used is descriptive design with qualitative approach which is aimed to describe the real situation in the field. In collecting the data, the researchers used questionnaires, observation sheet field note and interview guide as the instruments. Moreover, the research subject is an English teacher who teaches at seventh and eighth grades of different schools of Ratnanagar municipality. The result of the research is that the teacher runs nine roles in the classroom. They are as a controller, an assessor, an organizer/manager, a prompter/motivator, a participant, a resource/informer, a facilitator, a demonstrator, and as a guide. There are preeminent roles which are most applied by the teacher, such as teacher as a controller and teacher as an assessor. It is shown by the result of students’ responses in the questionnaire, restrictive questions; 77 percent and 68 percent, and free answer questions; 68 percent and 100 percent, which was also found in the time the researcher did the observation. On the contrary, the teacher’s roles as a prompter and as a resource have not been played maximally by the teacher.
भाषाशिक्षणका सापेक्षतामा त्रुटी विश्लेषण : सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा, प्रक्रिया र प्रयोग
Authors: भुसाल Bhusal केशव Keshab
Published: February 2025

Available in full text.
The Rhetoric of Sublime in LP Devkota’s Works: A Critique of National Ethos
Authors: Bhusal Mahendra
Published: February 2025

In his prose writings, Laxmi Prasad Devkota, popularly known as LP Devkota, makes subjective accounts of his embodied national sensibilities in the form of national ethos. He glorifies his land, people, language, and culture. Amidst the ongoing debates on the multiple characters of Nepali nationalism, this paper however aims to explore the rhetorical dynamics of evoking the national ethos in the eight selected essays from the anthology Laxmi Nibandha Sangraha (Laxmi Essays Collection) to explore how he intends to move his audience evoking in them a sense of love for the motherland, thereby evoking the national ethos. Instead of critiquing the historicity of Nepali nationalism, this paper explores how literary works are instrumental in evoking a sense of national consciousness in the readers. On the theoretical foundation of Longinus’ rhetoric of sublime, the paper aims to investigate how activating the sublime, particularly the power to conceive great thoughts and strong and inspired emotions, Devkota renders Nepal the great, evoking a tremendous sense of national ethos. The paper concludes that his works are functional in evoking a sense of national ethos among the people in general.
Alterity in the Poetry of Sophia Obi and Mabel Evwierhoma: A Postcolonial Critique
Authors: Odia Clement Eloghosa
Published: February 2025

A writer’s socioeconomic background shapes the content of the literary production. Any writing that depicts how the writer’s social milieu influences the ideological direction and preoccupation is bound to reveal details of their lives. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the alterity in poetry of Sophia Obi and Mabel Evwierhoma's artistic imagination. The essay samples the poems of Obi in the collection, Tears in the Basket and Evwierhoma's Solitude and Other Chants (henceforth abbreviated as TAB and SOC respectively). The methodology adopted is qualitative research while postcolonial alterity theory is applied in reading the poems in order to unveil the pain and precarity of the envisaged other. The findings of the study reveal that both Obi and Evwierhoma are the keen observers of the environment and are influenced by it. It is also discovered that Obi squarely focuses attention on the Niger Delta predicament while Evwierhoma identifies with the predicament of the girl child. The paper concludes that Obi depicts alterity through the portrayal of environmental dispoliation and impoverishment of the Niger Delta while Evwierhoma articulates alterity through the portrayal of the girl child as victims of sexual harassment, child marriage, and defilement as strategies to arouse public attention as well as actualize societal redirection.
PODEJŚCIE PROJEKTOWE JAKO SPOSÓB KREOWANIA ZMIANY SPOŁECZNEJ
Authors: Błahut-Prusik Jadwiga , Kucner Andrzej
Published: February 2025

Artykuł poświęcono interdyscyplinarnej analizie potencjału partycypacyjnego podejścia projektowego. Kierunek rozważań określają strategie przeciwdziałania kryzysowi klimatycznemu. Celem artykułu jest krytyczna analiza projektowania modernistycznego, będącego źródłem współczesnych kryzysów. Według autorów partycypacyjne podejście projektowe jest jego alternatywą. Uznają je za jedno z głównych sposobów koniecznej zmiany. Autorzy formułują tezę, iż podejście projektowe odgrywa kluczową rolę w strategiach przeciwdziałania kryzysowi klimatycznemu i może znacząco wpływać zarówno na zmiany środowiskowe, jak i na jakość społecznej egzystencji. Artykuł jest analizą teoretyczną wybranych kwestii związanych z wykorzystaniem podejścia projektowego w procesach kreowania zmian społecznych. Podczas jego przygotowywania wykorzystano metodę monograficzną, desk research i metodę analizy źródeł oraz analizę porównawczą.
„NAPRAWDĘ TĘSKNIĘ ZA MOIM DOMEM. TAM WSZYSTKO JEST ZROBIONE WŁASNYMI RĘKOMA […] WSZYSTKO BĘDZIE MUSIAŁO ZOSTAĆ ODNOWIONE”* . RADZENIE SOBIE W KRYZYSIE OCZAMI WOJENNYCH UCHODŹCZYŃ Z UKRAINY (PERSPEKTYWA WIELODYSCYPLINARNA)
Authors: Kuźma Inga , Pach Emilia , Danilova Tatiana
Published: February 2025

W tekście poddano analizie wywiady przeprowadzone z czterema uchodźczyniami wojennymi z Ukrainy, które przyjechały do Polski po 24 lutego 2022 r. (z dwoma z nich przeprowadzono wywiad ponownie po roku ich pobytu w Polsce).Autorki tekstu interesował samoopis sytuacji kryzysowej, w jakiej badane się znalazły i jak przedstawiają one radzenie sobie w tej sytuacji, dlatego główną kategorią interpretacyjną uczyniły „radzenie sobie w kryzysie”. Celem badań było dotarcie do obrazu, jakie uchodźczynie mają na swój temat, oraz uchwycenie zachodzących zmian w roku 2022 i 2023 (m.in. jak postrzegają siebie, kontekst wojenny oraz życie w warunkach, do jakich dostosowywały się po ucieczce). Podejście teoretyczne było wielodyscyplinarne, ponieważ oprócz koncepcji psychologicznych związanych z główną kategorią interpretacyjną namysł został dodatkowo oparty na antropologii kulturowej emocji, antropologii doświadczenia, a także etyce troski oraz autoetnografii.
BRONISŁAW FERDYNAND TRENTOWSKI – JAKO FILOZOF POLITYKI I POLITYCZNY CYBERNAUTA
Authors: Starzyńska-Kościuszko Ewa
Published: February 2025

W niniejszym artykule, na podstawie wybranych prac politycznych Bronisława Ferdynanda Trentowskiego, autorka odtwarza i analizuje główne założenia jego filozofii polityki i cybernetyki oraz najważniejsze fakty z jego działalności politycznej. Celem tej prezentacji (tych analiz) jest wykazanie, że klucz do zrozumienia postawy myśliciela, który często zmieniał i to radykalnie swe polityczne poglądy, tkwi w założeniach jego filozoficznej teorii polityki, a w szczególności w sformułowanej równolegle teorii skutecznego działania politycznego, czyli cybernetyce oraz wzajemnym powiązaniu teorii (filozofia polityczna) i praktyki (cybernetyka).
KRYZYS DEMOGRAFICZNY A MARTWE POLE NAUK SPOŁECZNYCH
Authors: Kaczmarek Kamil
Published: February 2025

Procesy demograficzne można uznać za społeczną konsekwencję podstawowego zjawiska biologicznego – rozmnażania. Nauki społeczne tymczasem pomijają ten wymiar biologiczny lub traktują go apriorycznie jako stałą. W rezultacie swoich prób wyjaśnienia kryzysu demograficznego nauki te umieszczają potencjalnie kluczowe procesy w ich martwym polu. Za stopień determinacji w realizowaniu zamierzeń prokreacyjnych odpowiadają hormony płciowe (testosteron, estrogen), tymczasem rosnąca liczba badań rejestruje narastanie różnego rodzaju negatywnych zjawisk wskazujących na zaburzenie gospodarki tymi hormonami i w rezultacie układu rozrodczego. Choć są to procesy biologiczne, nie mają pochodzenia naturalnego, tj. najprawdopodobniej są rezultatem globalnego rozprzestrzenienia związków endokrynnie aktywnych (EDC). Stanowi to skutek uboczny nieskrępowanego rozwoju technologii możliwego w ramach społeczeństw o organizacji typu produkcyjnego i przy dominacji właściwego temu typowi systemu wartości.
Therapeutic effectiveness of different schemes for the associated form of mycosis in dogs
Authors: Chupryna M. I.
Published: February 2025

Fungal infections are quite common among dogs, and the development of a generalized form of the disease causes severe secondary infections. Today in Ukraine, most dogs are companions that are constantly with the owner, therefore, in some cases, from sick animals with malassezia and alternariosis, the disease spreads to the owners, causing the development of allergic conditions of the skin and respiratory system. The aim of the work was to develop an effective treatment scheme for canine mycosis in an associated form. For this, two therapy schemes have been developed, which involve the complex use of etiotropic, symptomatic and pathogenetic drugs. The object of the study were 38 dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of Alternaria and Malassezia in a disseminated form. Animals with clinical signs of dermatitis that came to the clinic were examined by cytological and cultural methods to identify the causative agent of the disease and establish a final diagnosis. Later, two groups of animals were formed according to the principle of analogues, and each had its own therapy scheme. The second scheme was more successful: 1) using etiotropic agents in the form of Vetbio Dr.Pets shampoo with chlorhexidine and ketoconazole every three days, SkinGuard spray twice a day; 2) Apoquel to relieve symptoms of itching during the first week of therapy; 3) anti-inflammatory bioregulatory drug Traumel; 4) balanced dietary nutrition with Specific CDD-HY feed; 5) elimination of mechanical irritants by avoiding walking on dusty places and grass and maintaining hygiene by thoroughly washing and drying paws after going outside. Successful therapy was considered the disappearance of clinical signs of dermatitis and negative repeated cultural and cytological examination. Itching in the animals did not return after stopping the use of Apoquel, and complete recovery occurred after 3 weeks.
Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Minat Belajar (Analisis Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Sekampung dan MAN 1 Metro)
Authors: Habibah Itna Husnatul , Putri Mila Rosita
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan media social terhadap minat belajar siswa dan kaitannya dengan proses belajar sebagai sarana pendukung atau penghambat kegiatan belajar siswa. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa MAN 1 Metro Dan siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Sekampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan total populasi sebanyak 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi serta menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber sebagai teknik penjamin keabsahan data selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis data kualitatif miles and huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media media juga tidak dapat dikaitkan dengan minat belajar siswa. Diperkuat data hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa minat belajar sangat ditentukan oleh motivasi belajar siswa dan lingkungan yang kondusif sedangkan penggunaan media sosial merupakan faktor penghambat proses belajar saja. berdasarkan analisis survey yang juga dilakukan didapatkan data bahwa sebesar 44% siswa setuju penggunaan media sosial dapat mengurangi durasi belajar dan sebesar 40% siswa setuju bahwa media sosial dapat mengakibatkan perilaku menunda waktu belajar dan menunda tugas sekolah. Ibarat pisau permata dua, temuan penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dalam persepsi siswa dampak positif penggunaan media sosial selain sebagai media hiburan juga bisa menambah wawasan berpikir.
Analisis Sosial Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Melalui Pemanfaatan Limbah Kotoran Sapi Sebagai Pupuk Organik di Desa Wonokarto
Authors: Sulistyo Azzam Maulana , Yulfiani Nadya
Published: February 2025

Peternakan sapi yang ada di setiap daerah utamanya di desa Wonokarto bisa dijadikan sumber penghasilan tambahan bagi petani. Selain dari hasil mereka bercocok tanam, masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan limbah kotoran sapi sebagai pupuk organik selain ramah lingkungan juga menghemat biaya pupuk. Usaha pertanian yang dijalani masyarakat desa Wonokarto terkadang mengalami kendala karena pupuk yang digunakan terbilang langka dan mahal, sehingga masyarakat perlu memanfaatkan limbah ternak sapi untuk di jadikan pupuk organik yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menyuburkan tanaman petani di desa Wonokarto. Kotoran sapi memiliki nilai tambah bagi masyarakat karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik. Pengelolaan kotoran sapi menjadi pupuk organik memberikan banyak manfaat bagi para petani dan juga menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mendorong dan memperoleh gambaran status pengelolaan limbah ternak sapi yang dilakukan saat ini, faktor tersebut yaitu faktor karakteristik peternak, faktor karakteristik inovasi pengelolaan limbah ternak, dan faktor kondisi lingkungan. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan limbah kotoran sapi hingga menjadi pupuk organik. Di desa Wonokarto sudah cukup banyak yang mengelola limbah kotoran sapi. Metode yang penulis lakukan yaitu meneliti pada sejumlah warga termasuk penulis itu sendiri.
Analisis Gaya Mengajar Dosen Laki-Laki dan Perempuan pada Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Miftahul Jennah  , Riska Maulina
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan gaya mengajar dosen laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) di perguruan tinggi, dengan fokus studi pada Program Studi Tadris IPS Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini melibatkan sejumlah dosen laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai subjek utama, serta mahasiswa sebagai informan pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam pendekatan mengajar antara dosen laki-laki dan perempuan, terutama dalam aspek komunikasi, pengelolaan kelas, serta penggunaan metode pembelajaran. Dosen laki-laki cenderung menggunakan pendekatan yang lebih otoritatif dan terstruktur, sementara dosen perempuan lebih banyak mengadopsi gaya yang komunikatif dan empatik. Perbedaan ini berimplikasi pada dinamika interaksi di kelas dan tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran IPS di perguruan tinggi melalui pengembangan metode pengajaran yang lebih adaptif dan inklusif serta dapat meningkatkan minat mahasiswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran.
Komodifikasi Sadness Selebriti Korban Perselingkuhan dari Perspektif Teori Sosial Postmodern Jean Boudrilad
Authors: Nining Winarsih  , Babul Bahrudin
Published: February 2025

Artikel ini membahas representasi dan komodifikasi kesedihan artis yang menjadi korban perselingkuhan dalam industri hiburan, dengan mengadopsi perspektif Jean Baudrillard, seorang filsuf dan teoritikus sosial terkenal. Menurut Baudrillard, dalam masyarakat konsumsi modern, nilai-nilai dan realitas diubah menjadi tanda-tanda atau representasi yang terpisah dari aslinya. Dalam konteks ini, kesedihan artis korban perselingkuhan juga dapat mengalami transformasi menjadi komoditas yang dihasilkan, dikemas, dan dijual dalam bentuk citra atau simulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode netnografi untuk memahami dan menganalisis representasi kesedihan artis korban perselingkuhan dalam media sosial atau platform online. Melalui tahapan penentuan objek penelitian, observasi partisipatif, pengumpulan dan analisis data, serta interpretasi temuan berdasarkan perspektif Jean Baudrillard, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi komodifikasi kesedihan dalam ruang digital. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana kesedihan artis korban perselingkuhan direpresentasikan dalam media, dan dampak komodifikasi terhadap pengalaman pribadi dan nilai-nilai emosional yang sebenarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di era revolusi industri 4.0, kesedihan sering kali dijadikan komoditas di media sosial, di mana orang memanfaatkannya untuk mencari perhatian atau keuntungan. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bagaimana emosi diubah menjadi alat untuk menarik simpati atau popularitas. Menurut teori simulacra Baudrillard, realitas kini sering digantikan oleh citra dan simbol, membuat apa yang kita lihat di media sosial terasa nyata meskipun seringkali hanya ilusi. Hal ini juga memperparah penyebaran hoaks, ujaran kebencian, dan rasa keterasingan di masyarakat.
THE INTANGIBLE ESSENCE OF WAR: PROBLEMS AND APPROACHES TO RECOVERY AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Authors: Dyomin Mykola , Habrel Mykola , Kosmii Mykhailo , Habrel Mykhailo , Lysiak Natalia
Published: February 2025

In the article, the essence of war based on the dichotomies of good and evil is explained in the categories of intangibles (faith, spirituality, culture, mentality, spirit, values, etc.). The need to solve the problems of war and peace in a broader perspective of the intangible, with the inclusion of emotional and value elements, is revealed. Understanding the essence of the war in general and the Russian-Ukrainian war in particular in the categories of the intangible makes it possible to investigate stochastic processes and changes, to substantiate the methods of their research. The main results of the study confirm the need for in-depth analysis and consideration of the categories of immateriality for the reconstruction and determination of the spatial future of the state. Taking into account the multifaceted essence of the intangible, the impossibility of forecasts and the application of generally accepted methods, the article uses methods based on longitudinal studies as long-term observations and studies of the intangible essence of the war in Ukraine, changes and processes in the state. This is an effective approach and an objective source of information for understanding the intangible essence of the war, the problems of reconstruction and spatial development of Ukraine. The assessment was carried out in relation to: relation to the historical past; legislative requirements; positions of civil society; education; spirituality, changes in the role of the church, etc. Diagnosis and evaluation of processes and changes during the war was carried out; transformations that will be useful for justifications of revitalization and spatial development of the state based on intangible requirements are highlighted. The consideration, understanding and analysis of the intangible essence of the changes and processes caused by the war, proposed by the authors, substantiates the need to reform the important provisions of the methodology of urban planning, the growth of creative, creative (intangible and idealistic) approaches to research and spatial organization and development of urban planning systems, shifting attention to non-deterministic tasks and processes that cannot be formalized put the person, his knowledge and values at the center.
PROSPECTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF MASS LAND VALUATION IN UKRAINE: LEGAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Goi Vasyl , Mamonov Kostiantyn , Khariv Vladyslav
Published: February 2025

The experience of the modern reform of land and property relations in Ukraine, as well as achievements in the field of state real estate management in foreign countries, show that the issue of the formation of effective mechanisms of state management of the land and property complex of Ukraine is very urgent. The possibility of their implementation in the near future is not sufficiently specified and requires further study and refinement. The purpose of this article is to analyze and develop proposals for improving the effectiveness of mechanisms of state management of the land and property complex of Ukraine. The issue of land resource management is considered in view of world experience and peculiarities. The general trends in the construction of the land resource management system of different countries of the world have been determined. The nature of the use of land resources, forms of land ownership are argued. On the basis of the assessment of the effectiveness of land resource management, the prospects for the introduction of foreign experience into the land policy of Ukraine have been determined. The setting of the scientific task of forming effective mechanisms of state management of the land and property complex of Ukraine under the conditions of European integration is substantiated. It is recommended to improve the methodological provisions regarding the evaluation of the efficiency of the mechanisms of state management of the land and property complex by developing an indicator of overall efficiency. The directions and principles of activation of the administration of land and property relations have been identified. The toolkit of the institutional and organizational mechanism of the state management of the integral land and property complex has been improved. Practical recommendations for improving the regulatory framework of state management of the land and property complex in the conditions of Ukraine's integration into the European space are offered.
THE PLACE OF GEODESY IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES
Authors: Zholkevsky Edward
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to substantiating the place of geodesy in ensuring the sustainable development of cities using the methodology of an integrated approach. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the goal of achieving sustainable development of Ukraine for the period until 2030 is: "Ensuring the openness, safety, viability and ecological stability of cities and other settlements." Since geodesy acts as a tool for ensuring the sustainable development of cities, this actualizes the study of the problem of identifying the value and place of geodesy in ensuring the sustainable development of cities. The main problems faced by the cities of Ukraine are outlined, which include: the speed of urbanization, which is associated with the movement of the rural population to the cities and causes overpopulation of the cities; low efficiency of infrastructure provision due to its obsolescence, wear and tear and overload; low level of environmental friendliness, which is associated with the location of industrial enterprises on the territory of cities, heavy traffic load, low level of culture of waste disposal; high energy consumption in cities, which is caused by industrialization and the growth of the urban population; climatic changes and abnormality of natural phenomena, which lead to unforeseen consequences and become serious threats to cities, etc. The above-mentioned problems of urban development make it necessary to adhere to the development priorities of their territories and individual zones, to implement modern planning solutions and strategies for rational land use. It has been proven that the use of geodetic tools contributes to the sustainable development of cities. The geodetic toolkit that ensures sustainable development of cities includes: first, effective planning and development of urban infrastructure; secondly, ensuring environmental sustainability; thirdly, increasing the efficiency of land resource management; fourth, optimization of infrastructural transport projects; fifth, ensuring the safety of city buildings and structures; sixth, improving the efficiency of development and implementation of city plans; seventh, timely assessment of risks and emergency situations; eighth, use of information and navigation systems; ninth, the activation of citizen participation and increased transparency in the processes of urban planning and life activities.
APPLICATION OF GIS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS DURING THE STATE OF MARTIAL
Authors: Mantsevych Yurii , Babii Vitalii
Published: February 2025

The article examines the conditions that make it possible to ensure a high-quality educational process in the conditions of limited resources of martial law and to create a base of professional knowledge of future specialists of various profiles. Geoinformation systems are becoming increasingly widespread in solving social and economic problems of the development of the economic complex of Ukraine in accordance with the Law [1]. The educational process reflects society's requests for the training of specialists of a certain profile and appropriate qualifications. The Department of Land Management and Cadastre provides the educational process within the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture. Departments of engineering geodesy, land management and cadastre, geoinformatics and photogrammetry and a number of others function within the faculty of geoinformation systems and territory management. The three mentioned departments use GIS packages in the educational process. The formulation of work programs requires students to acquire knowledge about geographic information systems. However, if you carefully analyze the areas of application of the acquired knowledge in the future, it becomes obvious that it is impractical to set the same requirements for all subjects.
CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL CLIMATIC ZONES FOR ENERGYEFFICIENT ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS FOR IRANIAN SCHOOLS
Authors: Emamianfar Ali , Tretiak Yuliia , Kosarevska Raddamila
Published: February 2025

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the climate classifications in Iran and their influence on the energy efficiency of school architecture. It explores how natural regional factors such as solar intensity, humidity, precipitation, climatic winds, and environmental conditions contribute to developing energy-efficient architectural solutions for schools. The climate zones of Iran are categorized into four, five, and six models, forming the foundation for identifying the key principles of energy efficiency.The four main climate zones of Iran display distinct characteristics. The temperate and humid region along the Caspian Sea experiences elevated rainfall levels, influencing the design of school buildings in terms of water management and material selection. The cold mountainous area in the west, with its significant fluctuations in atmospheric pressure and severe winters, calls for the adoption of compact architectural designs that maximize heat retention. In contrast, the hot and dry region of the central plateau is dominated by intense solar exposure and extreme temperature variations between day and night, making the use of shading devices, natural ventilation, and thick-walled constructions essential for maintaining thermal comfort and energy efficiency.In the hot and humid southern coastal region, particularly along the Persian Gulf, high humidity and elevated temperatures require special consideration of ventilation systems and materials with low thermal conductivity to prevent heat accumulation.Furthermore, the article evaluates how these diverse climatic conditions shape regional architecture and the strategies implemented for energy optimization. Special attention is given to renewable energy solutions, including solar and wind energy, which are particularly effective in the hot and dry central plateau and the windy regions of eastern Iran. In the northern and western regions, the abundance of rainwater can be harnessed for sustainable water management in school facilities.By examining the relationship between climate and architectural design, this article highlights the importance of region-specific solutions that align with the local environment. The findings underscore the need for architectural approaches tailored to each climate zone to achieve energy-efficient and sustainable school infrastructure across Iran.
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF REVITALIZATION OF POSTAL COMMUNICATION OBJECTS
Authors: Kashuba Oksana , Yakubovskyi Viacheslav , Tsyplakova Anastasiia
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the main areas of revitalization of postal facilities. The work analyzes current problems and challenges facing existing postal facilities and foreign examples of their overcoming. At the moment, post offices of UKRPOSHTA, once an integral part of city life, have faced serious challenges due to the fact that their original function has ceased to meet modern needs. Most of the postal facilities, especially those located in the central parts of cities, have ceased to fully fulfill their function or are used inefficiently and have a significant large area of unused space, which leads to certain economic losses and inefficient use of valuable land plots. Accelerating technological progress and changes in consumer habits have led to a decrease in demand for traditional postal services. The lack of modern equipment for sorting mail and parcels in sorting and logistics centers, as well as the insufficient level of comfort for employees and visitors are additional problems that need to be solved. Solving these problems is possible by giving these objects a new life through revitalization. The revitalization of postal facilities is an opportunity to transform abandoned buildings and premises into modern functional spaces that meet the needs of our society, which will preserve the historical and cultural heritage, as well as create new jobs. Revitalization allows reconstruction and modernization of buildings, usually changing their purpose and functions. In the work, an analysis of successful foreign experience was carried out, which made it possible to outline the main directions of revitalization of postal facilities. The post office building in Nitishyn, Khmelnytskyi region is considered in the article as an object that can be an example of such revitalization in Ukraine. On the example of the post office in the city of Nitishina, the main problems of the building are identified, such as: low energy efficiency, physical wear and tear of structures, inconsistency of functional filling and uninteresting image of the building. The authors suggest certain ways of correcting these problems. Among these directions, the main ones are strengthening of structures, thermal modernization, renewal and partial change of the main functions, renewal of appearance. On the basis of world experience and the project of revitalization of the post office building in Netishyn, the main principles and ways of revitalization of postal facilities are formulated, as well as recommendations for further development and implementation of similar initiatives are provided.
Ease of Doing Business in the Middle East: A Study From Investors’ Perspective
Authors: Fernandez Manuel , Joseph Robinson , Fernandez Vania Maria
Published: February 2025

The study aims to identify the most favorable nation in the Middle East for starting a new business using data published by the World Bank on Ease of Doing Business. The study focuses on ten factors: Starting a business, dealing with construction permits, obtaining electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. The study seeks to provide insights for policymakers and investors in determining the most suitable investment destination in the Middle East. The study finds that currently, the UAE offers the most investor-friendly environment for investment with the top rank in Starting a business, Dealing with construction permits, Getting electricity, and Enforcing contracts; second rank for Registering property and Protecting minority investors; and third rank for Getting credit; and fifth rank for Resolving insolvency. The study concludes that the UAE currently has the most investor-friendly environment in the Middle East.
Key Drivers of Cloud Accounting Utilization by Small and Medium Enterprises in Zimbabwe
Authors: Dlamini Banele
Published: February 2025

This paper investigated the factors influencing the utilisation of cloud accounting among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe. The study adopted a mixed-research approach. The study used stratified simple random sampling techniques, stratifying according to firm size. Data was collected using 141 questionnaires and 10 semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0, and qualitative data was thematically analysed using content analysis. The study found that the adoption and utilization of cloud accounting among SMEs in Zimbabwe are significantly influenced by lack of knowledge on cloud accounting, top management support, security concerns, data privacy, organizational readiness, availability of resources, legal compliance, government support, and vendor support. The study recommends that SMEs should allocate resources to upgrade necessary IT infrastructure, including reliable internet access and secure hardware, to support cloud accounting systems. The Zimbabwean government should offer grants, subsidies, or tax incentives to encourage SMEs to adopt cloud accounting and financial support can help mitigate initial investment costs. Moreover, the government as the major stakeholder should conduct workshops, seminars, and training programs to educate SMEs about the benefits and functionalities of cloud accounting.
Indokolt-e az európai védelmi képességek növelése az orosz–ukrán háború árnyékában?
Authors: Jójárt Krisztián
Published: February 2025

Az alábbi tanulmány célja annak a kérdésnek a megválaszolása, hogy indokolt-e az európai védelmi képességek növelése. Ennek megállapításához a valószínűsíthető orosz szándékokat és képességeket elemzi, különös hangsúlyt helyezve az orosz–nyugati szembenállás és az ukrajnai háború orosz percepciójának bemutatására. A tanulmány fő érve, hogy bár valószínűtlen, hogy Oroszország megtámadna egy NATO-tagállamot, az ukrajnai háború Moszkva nézőpontjából a Nyugattal vívott hibrid háború részét képezi, amelynek nem katonai elemét jelenti az információs és gazdasági hadviselés. Az orosz haderő fejlesztésének irányai pedig azt mutatják, hogy a Kreml egy nagy léptékű háború megvívására készül fel. Ennek fényében az európai védelmi potenciál erősítése mindenképp indokolt.
Az orosz–ukrán háború hatása Magyarországra
Authors: Csiki Varga Tamás
Published: February 2025

A Közép-Európa államaiban látott, tapasztalt reakciókhoz képest a magyar kormány válaszai az orosz–ukrán háború 2022. februári eszkalációjára sok tekintetben eltérőek voltak, ami a geostratégiai változások eltérő percepciójában, illetve specifikus belpolitikai dinamikákban gyökerezett. Értékelésünk áttekinti ezeket a politikai, gazdasági, katonai válaszokat 2022–2023 során, és tények alapján, a hivatalos kormányzati narratívát értékelő szemlélettel igyekszik magyarázni is az eltérések lehetséges okait.
Bulgária és az ukrajnai háború
Authors: Egeresi Zoltán
Published: February 2025

A tanulmány célja Bulgária ukrajnai háborúra adott válaszainak áttekintése. Megvizsgálja, hogyan reagált a 2022 februárjában indult orosz agresszióra, hogyan alakult át a kapcsolata Oroszországgal és nyugati szövetségeseivel. Az invázió kezdete óta eltelt időszakban a korábban Moszkvával kifejezetten jó kapcsolatokat ápoló Bulgária Ukrajna támogatása mellett kötelezte el magát, még akkor is, ha ez nem volt belpolitikai problémáktól mentes. Ezzel párhuzamosan jelentős mértékben csökkent az orosz energetikai függőség és befolyás az országban.
The Crucial Role of Analog Layout in Revolutionizing 5G Connectivity
Authors: Kavya Gaddipati
Published: February 2025

The rapid evolution of 5G technology has positioned analog layout design as a pivotal element in advancing modern telecommunications infrastructure. Through innovative approaches in high-frequency design considerations, circuit optimization techniques, and expert-driven methodologies, analog layout has enabled significant breakthroughs in communication systems. The article of mobile edge computing with vehicular networks, coupled with advancements in mmWave phased array systems, has transformed the landscape of wireless connectivity. Performance enhancements in signal integrity, power efficiency, and thermal management have been achieved through sophisticated layout strategies. Machine learning applications in analog design have revolutionized automation capabilities while maintaining the critical role of human expertise. The implementation of ultra-low voltage techniques and advanced networking protocols has extended the impact beyond traditional telecommunications into Internet of Things and smart city applications. These developments have laid the foundation for next-generation communication systems, enabling enhanced reliability, reduced latency, and improved resource utilization across diverse applications from autonomous vehicles to massive sensor networks.
Geographical Dimensions of Religious Tourism: Analyzing Its Impact on Budget Hotels in Northern India
Authors: Sahil Lohan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the geographical implications of religious tourism on budget hotels in Northern India, emphasizing spatial patterns, economic effects, and tourist satisfaction. By focusing on prominent religious hubs such as Haridwar, Amritsar, and Rishikesh, the research explores how proximity to pilgrimage sites influences hotel occupancy, financial sustainability, and the provision of culturally tailored services. Seasonal fluctuations in tourist inflow, driven by religious festivals and pilgrimages, highlight the spatial-temporal challenges faced by budget accommodations, particularly during off-peak seasons. The study employs surveys from 250 respondents, including local community members and hotel operators, to analyze correlations between geographical factors and key performance indicators using statistical tools such as Pearson correlation tests. Findings reveal that proximity to religious sites and the spatial distribution of budget hotels play pivotal roles in attracting and retaining religious tourists, particularly during high-demand periods. The research underscores the importance of integrating geographical considerations into tourism planning and the development of collaborative networks between hotels and religious institutions to optimize the economic and cultural benefits of religious tourism. This geographically oriented analysis contributes to understanding the dynamic interplay between location, culture, and economic activities in the context of religious tourism.
UKRAINE'S PLACE IN THE GLOBAL STARTUP ECOSYSTEM
Authors:   International Humanitarian University, Dysnkantiuk Oksana
Published: February 2025

The article explores the role and potential of Ukraine in the global startup ecosystem. Ukraine demonstrates significant opportunities for integration into global markets due to its highly skilled workforce, particularly in the IT sector, and a competitive economic environment. The study highlights key sectors for startup development, including IT, agritech, and the creative economy, which align with global trends in digitalization and sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to the strategic importance of the hospitality and tourism industries as drivers of innovative solutions that contribute to regional economic growth and enhance the country’s global visibility. The research analyzes mechanisms of institutional support, such as accelerators, incubators, and international cooperation programs, which provide startups with access to funding, mentorship, and global platforms. At the same time, the study identifies major challenges, including infrastructure gaps, regulatory instability, and limited access to international markets. Successful examples of Ukrainian startups, such as Grammarly and Reface, illustrate the possibilities for global integration with adequate support and resources. The article emphasizes the development of regional startup ecosystems and the enhancement of state programs like "Diia.City" to strengthen Ukraine’s startup landscape. Special attention is given to the innovative potential in the hospitality and tourism sectors, focusing on AI-driven personalization, IoT-based solutions, and eco-oriented technologies. Such advancements can significantly boost competitiveness and attract international investments. The findings highlight the necessity of developing mechanisms for adapting products to diverse cultural and economic environments while supporting startups in addressing societal challenges. The article provides practical recommendations for entrepreneurs and stakeholders to harness Ukraine’s innovative potential and strengthen its global position in the startup ecosystem.
FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE CULTURE IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine, Cherniavskyi Ivan
Published: February 2025

The article clarifies the content and essential features of inclusive culture. It is found that the content of inclusive culture is manifested in openness and readiness to perceive the individual needs of all employees of the enterprise, taking into account their aspirations, opportunities and prospects. Such an understanding of inclusive culture involves the creation of comfortable communication chains, accessible effective interactions using the latest digital technologies for the development and professional growth of each employee, the elimination of any discrimination, bias and inequality in the workplace, which determines the level of development of organizational behavior and attitude to diversity among employees. Its state is studied, in particular, it is noted that in Ukraine the first steps were taken towards inclusion, but this process was not consistent and the principles of inclusive culture remain poorly perceived by society. Trends and problems of implementing inclusive principles in agricultural enterprises are identified. If until 2013, agricultural enterprises were mainly focused on profit growth, expansion of activities, and fulfillment of production tasks, then in 2023 they will be increasingly focused on social responsibility, partnership, inclusiveness, innovation, and cooperation. Key tasks that need to be solved have been identified and substantiated specific proposals and recommendations have been developed for the formation of an inclusive culture in agricultural enterprises. It is emphasized that the formation of an inclusive culture at an agricultural enterprise is a complex, long-term, and multifaceted process that requires efforts from management and all employees, and the main stages of its implementation in their activities have been outlined, thanks to which agricultural enterprises can significantly increase their potential by creating a comfortable and safe environment and favorable conditions for the growth and development of all employees, achieve new economic heights, be more adaptive to various deformations and changes, and be ready for new challenges, which will contribute to their sustainable balanced development as a whole.
APPLICATION OF CREDIT DISTRIBUTION FOR CORPORATE BUSINESS SEGMENTS AT PT. BALI REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANK
Authors: Febriyanti Ni Kadek Rika , Wirsa I Nengah
Published: February 2025

Corporate Credit is one of the sections of BPD Bali, corporate banking is frequently also referred to as business banking, comprising areas of banking connected to corporate services. Corporate banking is a key profit center for as big companies of banks, but corporations are the originator of the largest client loans, corporations corporations are also a frequent source of write-offs for loans that have deteriorated. The sector taken by corporate banking normally serves a broad range, ranging from small and medium companies (SMEs) to giant corporate categories with billions in sales and offices nationwide. The issues encountered by Bank BPD Bali in the credit sector include how to implement credit distribution and the constraining factors for credit distribution at Bank BPD Bali. The purpose of this study is to find out how the application of credit distribution for the corporate business segment at PT. Bali Regional Development Bank and to find out the inhibiting factors for applying credit distribution for the corporate business segment at PT. Bali Regional Development Bank. That means Bank BPD Bali may utilize this study as an assessment material for the inhibiting factors that restrict the spread of credit.
OPTIMIZING SALES THROUGH DIGITAL MARKETING IN MSMES IN WEST JAVA
Authors: Yuliafitri Indri , Mulyani Sri
Published: February 2025

Community service o gather is one of the Tri Dharma of higher education. This service was carried out for two months during the Covid-19 pandemic, so there is a limited access to gather offline. Therefore, under the supervision of lecturers, students provide assistance to MSMEs around their homes in the West Java region. The peak activity of this service is a webinar on optimizing marketing using social media. The program carried out in this service is helping partners to increase market share and sales through digital marketing, especially social media such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. In addition, partners are also assisted to be able to open a shop on an existing marketplace. Partners who sell food are helped to become Gofood and/or GrabFood partners. Partners are also given knowledge about running a business through the marketplace, so that their business can grow more. The end of result of this service is that partners can increase their market share and sales.
SANTRI ENTREPRENEUR ECOSYSTEM BASED ON BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS AT AL-MUJTAHIDDIN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL
Authors: Hamzah Zeze Zakaria , Anwar Syaiful , Hamdani Muchamad
Published: February 2025

Background: Entrepreneurial motivation among students is not yet optimal. Not to mention the rapid development of the times, technology changes so quickly. If explored, the role of students in entrepreneurship will certainly increase. Objective: Increase students' understanding of how to preach in the digital world. Method: Carrying out entrepreneurship training, capacity building, visits to MSMEs, BMC training, video editing training and uploading on YouTube. Results: Implementation of collaborative activities between STIE Dewantara Lecturers, Students, Soniaco 2000 Printing, and Work Garis Design.. Conclusion: The students can preach and upload on YouTube
INCREASE SKILLS IN YOUTH CADRE COMMUNICATION THROUGH TRAINING COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE IN RIDOGALIH VILLAGE
Authors: Elizabeth Beatrix , Giyaningtyas Ika Juita , Sartika Aprilina
Published: February 2025

Cadres have a role in preventing disease and improving people's ability to help themselves to achieve optimal health. The incidence of diabetes in adolescents is increasing day by day, so it needs early prevention. Ridogalih Village has Youth cadres but they still can not communicate with the community or their peers. The cadres in Ridogalih village have so far only focused on pregnant women and the elderly, so adolescents do not get good health information. The purpose of community service activities through training adolescent cadres conducted by Medika Suherman University is to improve the knowledge and skills of adolescent cadres so that they can optimize health in Ridogalih village. The method of service carried out provides training on how to communicate effectively, especially with peers. Youth cadres who participated in this training were 30 children who had been appointed as youth cadres before. Evaluation of this activity uses a knowledge questionnaire and a pre-posttest knowledge checklist. The results of the training obtained increased knowledge and skills in effective communication. The results of the training obtained increased knowledge and skills about effective communication. Pre-test cadre knowledge was less as much as 17 or 56.7%, sufficient cadre knowledge as much as 12 or 40.0% and good cadre knowledge as much as 1 or 3.3% while the total score of post test answers in the less category was 4 or 13.3%, enough as much as 16 or 53.3% and good as much as 10 or 33.3%.