bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of fan blade dynamic loading prior to its fracture
Authors: Artamonov M. A. , Govorov A. A. , Starshinov D. S.
Published: July 2022

To maintain the functionality of fan blades, it is important to know the distribution of dynamic stresses in the blade, their amplitude and vibration frequency. Understanding of the dynamic loading pattern will allow us to determine under what conditions the engine was operated, to identify and prevent emergencies that could lead to the blade fracture. The purpose of this work is to understand the cause of the fan blade fracture that occurred during the engine ground start. Due to fractographic analysis of blade fragments it was revealed that the fracture occurred due to the initiation of fatigue cracks in blades. The place of crack initiation and parameters of crack growth were established, spectral analysis of the fracture was carried out. To establish the reason of fatigue crack initiation it was necessary to determine the dynamic state of the blades during their destruction. The sections of the second stage of stable crack growth, during which fatigue striations are formed, were determined using the fractographic method. Using the spacing of the fatigue striations and Paris's law, the crack stress intensity range was determined. Modeling of crack propagation in the blade was carried out to define the stress state. The ability to determine the stress intensity factor at each step of crack growth and its comparison with research data made this work possible. The simulation showed under what conditions manifold increase in stresses occurs and made it possible to obtain the expected value of vibration amplitude. Additional modal analysis showed a resonant form that caused the fatigue nature of crack propagation. The demonstrated approach established crack growth conditions and revealed the cause of blade fracture.
Gasdynamic and strength improvement of the axial flow turbine of a helicopter gas turbine engine
Authors: Goriachkin E. S. , Popov G. M. , Matveev V. N. , Shcherban A. I. , Kudryashov I. A. , Melnikov S. A.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of the development of proposals to increase the safety margin of the blades and the efficiency of a single-stage axial flow turbine compressor of a small-sized turbo-shaft engine being modernized with the use of multidiscipline optimization methods. Analysis of the initial version of the turbine showed that the margin of safety of the working blades is significantly lower than that required by the strength standards. To eliminate the problem encountered the task of blade development was initially solved only according to strength characteristics, without taking into account gas dynamic processes. As a result, the geometry of the working blades that met the strength requirements was obtained. It was used as a starting point for solving the joint task of optimizing the blading, taking into account gas dynamic and deformation processes. As a result of joint optimization, a turbine version meeting the strength standards was obtained, although we had to slightly reduce the efficiency of the turbine by 0,2%.
Mathematical model for calculating pressure in a pulsating combustion chamber
Authors: Solodovnikov A. V. , Odentsov D. A. , Kravtsov E. V. , Golubyatnik V. V. , Shcheblykin D. A.
Published: July 2022

Due to insufficient knowledge of the processes occurring in the chambers of pulsating combustion, as well as lack of mathematical dependencies that make it possible to fully describe the parameters of such chambers, the authors of this article present a model for calculating pressure fluctuations as a function of time. The resulting dependence is based on the fact that the combustion of fuel takes place according to an isochoric cycle, whereas the outflow of gas through a resonant tube is an isothermal process. The conditions for applying the mathematical model and its features are described. With the help of the above dependence, it is possible to trace the dynamics of pressure changes during the operation of a pulsating combustion chamber with different geometric parameters. A program is presented that implements the obtained dependence for calculating and comparing the obtained theoretical data with the studies of other authors.
Model of virtual balancing of rigid rotors
Authors: Khaimovich A. I. , Bolotov M. A. , Pechenina E. Yu.
Published: July 2022

Rotor imbalances have a significant impact on the level of their vibration and reliability. Reduction of rotor imbalances is achieved through static and dynamic balancing that we propose to accomplish by virtual balancing of rigid rotors in two stages. At the first stage mutual orientation of the rotor parts is calculated to compensate their imbalances and couple unbalance. At the second stage the values of the masses and angular coordinates of two correction weights that allow eliminating the residual imbalance of the rotor are determined. The correction weights are placed in two balancing planes of the rotor. A model of virtual balancing is proposed to implement the balancing stages. The model makes it possible to determine the relative angular positions of the rotor parts, the values of the mass of two correction weights and their angular coordinates in the balancing planes. The effectiveness of using the proposed model was verified by performing calculations using the finite element model (FEM) of the rotor in the ANSYS software package. In the course of the study, data were obtained on the values of vibration velocities on the rotor supports. The results obtained show a significant reduction in the vibration velocities of the supports, amounting to 80% of their initial value.
Standardization of diagnostic indicators of gearbox teeth wear in aircraft gas-turbine engines
Authors: Sunduckov A. Ye. , Shakhmatov Ye. V.
Published: July 2022

The gearboxes of aircraft gas turbine engines are their most stressed parts. One of the main gearbox defects is the tooth flank wear that causes resonant oscillations in engine structure elements. This defect is generally assessed using vibroacoustic diagnostics methods. It is noted that the currently existing recommendations on setting limit values for diagnostic indicators do not take into account the type of mathematical models that describe their dependence on the defect size. This can result in its uncontrolled development. We have shown that for the case under consideration, four kinds of mathematical models were earlier obtained to describe dependences of diagnostic indicators on the wear value: linear, power, exponential and combined (linear and exponential) models. The linear model is characterized by a constant rate of change in the level of a diagnostic indicator with the growth of wear. For power and exponential models the growth of wear leads to an increase of the rate of change in the diagnostic indicator value. The combined model is characterized by the presence of two zones of change in the diagnostic indicator intensity with the growth of wear: the constant rate zone and the zone of increasing rate. The use of diagnostic indicators with a continuous increase in their intensity depending on the growth of wear will require ensuring constant control of the gearbox vibration state, which is not always feasible. We give recommendations for setting standard values of the diagnostic indicator intensity for the considered models.
Validation of the “stage – diffuser” system numerical study and its use for design modernization
Authors: Cherkasova M. G. , Semakina E. Yu. , Chernikov V. A.
Published: July 2022

The efficiency of a gas turbine largely depends on the aerodynamics and pressure recovery capacity of the diffuser. For reliable numerical simulation of the flow in the diffuser, the model must be validated on the basis of experimental data on the flow structure. An experimental and numerical study of the stage diffuser system was carried out. The results of this investigation are as follows: the area of applicability of the numerical method for assessing the flow in the stage diffuser system was determined; recommendations for preparing a numerical model and transferring boundary conditions from domain to domain were developed; the importance of profiling the last turbine stage to ensure unseparated flow entry into the diffuser is indicated; the influence of the hub length and the geometry of the struts on the losses in the diffuser and its pressure recovery capacity is determined. It is shown that increasing the hub length to certain limits improves the pressure recovery ratio of the diffuser. The smallest thickness of the struts gives the best results; the tangential and axial slope of the struts does not make a significant contribution in the nominal operating mode of the gas turbine.
Experimental and analytical determination of the elastic characteristics of layered woven composites
Authors: Komarov V. A. , Pavlov A. A. , Pavlova S. A.
Published: July 2022

The challenge of determining nine elastic characteristics of orthotropic woven composites is considered. Using a test example, the influence of transverse elastic characteristics on the results of the stress-strain state analysis of composite structures is assessed. To determine the transverse elastic constants of an orthotropic woven composite, we propose to use a representative volume of the materials repeated structure. The features of creating a finite element model of a representative volume of a layered woven composite are considered. To determine the elastic properties of an orthotropic woven composite, kinematic boundary conditions of a special type and calculation ratios are proposed that virtually simulate a mechanical experiment with a representative volume of material. The results of comparison of the calculated characteristics and field test data by standard methods are presented, which indicate the possibility of predicting transverse elastic characteristics by computational methods with a sufficiently high accuracy for use in practical tasks.
The intensity of the flow of the logistics chain
Authors: Chertykovtsev Valery K.
Published: July 2022

Assessing the intensity of logistics flows is one of the most important functions of consumption management in socio-economic systems. Today, there is a need for rapid and flexible response of production, trade and transport systems to changing consumer priorities. Logistics takes over the solution of this complex problem. The intensity of the logistics process includes a wide range of issues from resource extraction, resource processing, storage, distribution and delivery of the finished product to the consumer. The paper considers the issues of modeling the intensity of logistics chain flows. A block diagram of the logistics process is constructed. The concept of logistics flow is given and its mathematical model is constructed. The mathematical model of the logistics flow is based on the correspondence of the logistics and electrical circuits. The parameters of the logistics flow model are determined. The relations between the parameters of the electrical and logistics chains are found. Transients in logistics chains are considered. Mathematical models have been developed to study the intensity of logistics flows using the Mathcad program. The analysis is carried out and conclusions are made. The analysis has shown that under any models of the economic system, a halt in development leads to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the logistics flow. In the conditions of a developed system, the market economy has an advantage in the intensity of the logistics flow compared to the planned economy, but the fluctuating process leads to constant economic crises, which disrupts the sustainable development of the system. The planned model is the most resistant to economic crises, this is confirmed by the development of China in the modern conditions of the pandemic.
Review of empirical researches on the factors of economic performance of Russian universities
Authors: Sandler Daniil G. , Gladyrev Dmitry A.
Published: July 2022

In the Russian system of higher education and science between two large federal programs Project 5-100 and PRIORITY 2030 the issue of developing entrepreneurial activity of universities becomes more essential. At the same time, most of the existing studies of the factors of universities' own incomes and related characteristics were made on foreign data, and their results are not always applicable to Russian reality due to the historical and structural features of the higher education system and science. In 20192021, the authors of this article contributed to this gap by conducting a number of studies on the data of the Monitoring of the effectiveness of the activities of educational institutions of higher education. This article is aimed at combining the results of both these studies and other empirical studies of the factors of the economic performance of Russian universities. The main result of the article is a summary table that highlights these factors, associated indicators and the direction of influence. The article can be useful for managers in the field of higher education and researchers of university economics.
Hydrogen economy – opportunities and prospects
Authors: Bobrova Victoria V. , Borisyuk Nikolay K. , Kirkhmeer Lyudmila V.
Published: July 2022

The article examines the relevance of the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel, analyzes the state and trends in the development of the hydrogen economy, during which a number of features are identified that allow assessing the prospects for its growth. In the process of solving the task, methods of analyzing scientific literature sources in the field of hydrogen economics, retrospective analysis, scientific classification, modeling and a method of generalizing the information received were used. The article analyzes the global trend towards the transition to a green economy. The types of hydrogen according to the methods of its production are considered. The most environmentally friendly and effective methods of obtaining hydrogen by steam conversion of hydrocarbons and electrolysis of water are substantiated. The prerequisites for obtaining green hydrogen on an industrial scale are revealed. It is shown that Russia has a number of important advantages in the development of hydrogen energy, in particular, these are huge reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials and developed electric generating capacities. The article also describes the raw material potential of the Orenburg region for the possible production of hydrogen. At the same time, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian economy, the prospects for the development of a hydrogen economy can be formed under the influence of factors of technological development and long-term demand, as well as stimulating investment activity in this sector. The materials of this article can be used in the process of developing and implementing regional programs for sustainable economic development, as well as in the educational process at universities in economic specialties.
Design and Development of a Multiphase Inverter for Automotive Applications
Authors: Parizotto Rodrigo , Goltz Evandro Claiton , Reis Ederson dos , Eckert Paulo Roberto
Published: July 2022

This work describes the development of a multiphase inverter that can operate as a platform for driving and testing electrical machines with up to 15 phases, in addition, it can operate with a fundamental frequency of up to 1 kHz and a switching frequency of 100 kHz. Therefore, a multiphase voltage source inverter (VSI) topology using SiC MOSFETs and approved components for automotive applications was designed and constructed. The developed platform is composed of independent power modules and a control module with technology that uses only a single microcontroller capable of generating all signals with pulse width modulation (PWM). To validate the inverter, experimental tests were carried out with a YASA (Yokeless and Segmented Armature) machine that can operate with 3, 5, or 15 phases and also with multi-star connections, one with three independent systems of five phases and another with five independent three-phase systems. Experimental results show that the inverter is capable of driving and testing multiphase machines with a wide variety of electrical connections using high fundamental and carrier frequencies. Therefore, the developed platform is an important tool that allows the testing of multiphase and multi-star electrical machines operating under the most diverse configurations and operating conditions.
Lokowanie biowodoru do komponentów paliwowych w warunkach rafineryjnych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Lubowicz Jan
Published: July 2022

W artykule przedstawiono sposób obliczania ilości biowodoru lokowanego do komponentów paliw silnikowych i opałowych wytwarzanych w instalacjach rafineryjnych. Określenie „zalokowany biowodór” należy rozumieć jako ilość biowodoru, która została przypisana do każdego strumienia produktowego w danej instalacji. Zalokowany w komponentach paliwowych biowodór mógłby następnie zostać wykorzystany jako jedno z narzędzi do realizacji Narodowego Celu Wskaźnikowego (NCW), określającego obowiązek wprowadzania na rynek paliw transportowych ze źródeł odnawialnych. Proces przyłączania wodoru (biowodoru) w warunkach rafineryjnych zachodzi w wyniku reakcji katalitycznego hydroodsiarczania i hydroodazotowania, uwodornienia wiązań nienasyconych oraz uwodornienia węglowodorów aromatycznych. Ilość zalokowanego biowodoru, który w przypadku danej instalacji może zostać zaliczony do realizacji NCW, zależy przede wszystkim od głębokości procesu hydrokonwersji – im wyższa konwersja, czyli im więcej powstaje produktów lżejszych od surowca, tym ilość wodoru zalokowanego w produktach jest większa. Znaczenie ma również zawartość siarki i azotu w surowcu – im większa, tym więcej wodoru musi zastąpić heteroatomy w cząsteczkach węglowodorów. Ważne są także kierunki zagospodarowania produktów z instalacji. Do realizacji NCW można zaliczyć jedynie biowodór zalokowany do komponentów paliw silnikowych, natomiast biowodór zalokowany do produktów niepaliwowych, np. baz olejowych, komponentów dla petrochemii, nie może być zaliczony do tego celu. Określenie ilości zalokowanego biowodoru wymaga analizy danych i schematu technologicznego rafinerii, w tym ścieżek wytwarzania komponentów paliwowych służących do produkcji LPG, benzyn silnikowych, paliwa do turbinowych silników lotniczych (Jet), oleju napędowego oraz oleju opałowego, analizy obiegu strumieni wodorowych na terenie rafinerii oraz danych bilansowych poszczególnych instalacji dotyczących surowców i uzyskiwanych w tych instalacjach produktów. Zaproponowany sposób lokowania biowodoru do komponentów paliwowych w warunkach rafineryjnych jest praktycznie bezinwestycyjny, niewymagający budowy instalacji przemysłowych, i można go dostosować do każdego schematu przeróbki ropy naftowej w danej rafinerii.
Muzeum jako przestrzeń kształtowania kultury czytelniczej młodego odbiorcy (na przykładzie doświadczeń Muzeum w Chorzowie)
Authors: Borowik Sylwia
Published: July 2022

Celem autorki artykułu jest zaprezentowanie muzeum jako przyjaznej przestrzeni do kształtowania kultury czytelniczej młodego czytelnika. Znajdziemy w nim odpowiedź na pytanie: w jaki sposób – za pomocą książki i nowoczesnych metod pracy (upcycling, kamishibai, inżynieria papieru) – kształcić miłośnika czytania i sztuki? Niezwykle ważne jest, aby pokazać dzieciom, że książka nie jest martwym przedmiotem, którego miejscem jest lamus. Poprzez warsztaty pracownicy Muzeum w Chorzowie udowadniają, że słowo drukowane może stać się początkiem niezwykłej przygody. Współczesny świat wypełniony jest nowoczesnymi gadżetami zabierającymi dzieciom i młodzieży czas przeznaczony kiedyś na czytanie i kreatywne zabawy, dlatego działania animatorów czytelnictwa i kultury są niezwykle ważne i potrzebne. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały również książki, które mogą zainspirować do przygotowania własnych zajęć kreatywno-edukacyjnych.
THE COMMUNITY PERCEPTION OF MANGROVE CULTURAL SERVICES IN XUAN THUY NATIONAL PARK VIETNAM
Authors:   Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi, Vietnam, Thu Ha Hue Thi , Hoang Thang Van ,   Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi, Vietnam, Do Huynh Nhat ,   Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi, Vietnam, Luong Hai Quoc ,   Management Board of Nam Xuan Lac Reserve of Species and Habitat Conservation, Bac Kan Vietnam
Published: July 2022

The need to save mangroves is growing, however, debasement has persisted for decades, because the processes of decision-making are inefficient, found solely on economic factors. This study provides a tool for mangrove conservation and management to explore the socio-cultural values of mangrove ecosystem services through research in Xuan Thuy National Park, one of nine Ramsars in Vietnam, and also an area heavily affected by shrimp farming. 150 households were selected for an interview, 5 focus group discussions in 5 buffer zone communes, 10 in-depth interviews were carried out to find out the ecosystem services that mangroves provide, compared with literature review, and 3 cultural services listed by the local people as the characteristics of the mangroves here are lifestyle change, strengthening family relationship, implicit division of labor in the community. This proves that local people are ambassadors connecting the mangroves and the government. This finding suggests that the socio-cultural aspect of mangrove services should be deliberated by policymakers as a measure of great concern when facing the challenges of wetland ecosystem conservation.
THE INDIVIDUALISM/COLLECTIVISM DICHOTOMY IN N. HAWTHORNE’S NOVEL “THE SCARLET LETTER”
Authors:   PhD, Foreign Language Center, Academy of Armed Forces, Tirana, Albania, Madani Shpëtim
Published: July 2022

This paper seeks to examine the novel The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, by Nathaniel Hawthorne through individualism/collectivism dichotomy, highlighting the major chasm between the harsh 17th-century puritan community that demands total conformity from its members and heroine’s incessant struggle for individualism. Based on qualitative research, the analysis starts with a short introduction of individualism/collectivism dichotomy. It subsequently highlights the intense clash arising from the puritan morality and the heroine’s determination to create her own moral rules. The study found out that Hester’s strength of character and support for the community help to abate the dichotomy between the two parties, which leads to a fair degree of mutual acceptance.
La internacionalización del aula desde la educación bilingüe. Investigación e innovación en educación bilingüe. The internationalization of the classroom from bilingual education. Research and innovation in bilingual education
Authors: González Fernández Adela
Published: July 2022

La sección monográfica del volumen 31 de El Guiniguada, titulada La internacionalización del aula desde la educación bilingüe, se propone, desde una perspectiva transversal y multidisciplinar, abordar temas relacionados con la investigación bilingüe en distintos contextos nacionales e internacionales. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, incluye investigaciones de campo apoyadas en estudios teóricos centrados en diversos aspectos que tienen que ver con la internacionalización de la educación bilingüe. Estos estudios contemplan las reflexiones en torno a la educación bilingüe en diversas áreas de contenido, praxis efectivas entre docentes en formación, o nuevas metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje. En los distintos artículos se tratan aspectos de gran impacto en el sector de la educación, como son la irrupción de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y sus efectos en las aulas, el desarrollo de las distintas destrezas comunicativas en la educación bilingüe, la formación del profesorado, el compromiso de las familias, la desigualdad en las oportunidades de acceso a la educación, la influencia el género en el desempeño de la producción oral, o la formación del profesorado. Todos ellos, creemos, son temas emergentes de suma importancia en la realidad actual del aula de educación bilingüe, que pretende ser una ventana hacia la internacionalización para formar a un alumnado multilingüe, multicultural y tolerante, cualidades imprescindibles para el ciudadano del siglo XXI.
Recensión/Book Review Diccionario de términos de videojuegos. Dictionary of Video Game Terms
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Iván
Published: July 2022

Reseña crítica elaborada por Iván Martín Rodríguez sobre el libro de Iván Ramírez Sánchez Diccionario de términos de videojuegos. Esta obra trata de recopilar todas aquellas definiciones relativas al ámbito del videojuego en un diccionario especializado.
Effects of the development of reading comprehension questions on learning improvement
Authors: Gutiérrez Fresneda Raúl , Planelles Iváñez Montserrat
Published: July 2022

El proceso de enseñar y aprender a leer ha evolucionado en las últimas décadas desde un acto centrado en la acción decodificadora a una tarea de interacción entre el lector y el texto en la que los conocimientos, objetivos e intereses del lector juegan un papel importante. En este sentido, la importancia de adquirir tanto vocabulario específico como habilidades de lectura permitirá el dominio de las convenciones comunicativas relevantes para un contexto específico. El logro de las habilidades y competencias necesarias para el éxito académico y profesional implica que los estudiantes asuman un papel activo en el texto para adquirir un significado coherente a partir de su lectura. En contraposición a este hecho, la realidad es que la diversidad de recursos que se utilizan en el aula con los estudiantes para ejercitar la comprensión lectora tiende a centrarse en dar respuesta a una serie de preguntas, preferentemente de carácter literal, a través de textos escolares. Sin embargo, se ha trabajado poco sobre cómo los estudiantes acceden a la información textual a través de propuestas didácticas que exigen un aprendizaje activo y estimulan la capacidad de pensar a través de textos expositivos en diferentes idiomas (español e inglés). El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el nivel de comprensión escrita de dos grupos de alumnos de quinto año de Educación Primaria, uno que trabajaba en la elaboración de preguntas de diferente tipo utilizando textos presentes en la vida cotidiana de forma cooperativa y otro que ejercitó la comprensión escrita, con los mismos textos, respondiendo a diferentes preguntas dadas por los docentes. Participaron en el estudio un total de 116 estudiantes entre 10 y 11 años (M = 10,62; DT = 0,43), de los cuales el 48,7% eran niños y el 51,3% niñas. Los datos recabados dan especial relevancia a este tipo de metodologías para la mejora de la lectura, por lo que se recomienda este modelo de enseñanza para facilitar el aprendizaje de la comprensión lectora en los diferentes niveles educativos.
Recurrence, emotion and appropriateness in English and Spanish. The language of tourism on promotional websites
Authors: Llorens Simón Eva María
Published: July 2022

El propósito de este artículo consiste en estudiar textos turísticos disponibles online en inglés y en español con el fin de observar la lengua en uso y establecer una pauta para orientar la enseñanza de la traducción y sus estrategias en función de contenidos web reales. En este sentido, la docencia se enfoca en el estudio de la traducción como proceso con la idea de identificar y examinar tendencias cognitivas y pragmáticas que determinen el carácter prototípico y la idoneidad de términos frecuentes. A efectos metodológicos, el análisis de corpus permite localizar elementos relevantes, conocer su frecuencia de uso y analizarlos en contexto. Los resultados muestran que evaluar la recurrencia en combinación con la carga positiva en ambas lenguas resulta de ayuda para conseguir traducciones de calidad y efecto genuino en el discurso turístico especializado.
Constructions de verbes appartenant à la même classe sémantique
Authors: Habachi Samah
Published: July 2022

Les constructions du complément d’objet du français classique connaissent en français contemporain une normalisation notable à travers la fixation de plusieurs verbes dans un seul schéma. Comme par exemple, la concurrence entre les constructions du verbe enseigner (enseigner à Inf/de Inf) qui s’est réduite dans le schéma à Inf. La plupart des schémas concurrents du XVIIe siècle sont considérés comme des variantes optionnelles, largement équivalentes, et sont loin de construire une interprétation différentielle du procès verbal.

L’absence de distinction sémantique et la tendance des verbes à se fixer dans le schéma des verbes de sens voisin favorisent la réduction de plusieurs concurrences.
Recurrent and not-so-recurrent pragmatic errors in academic writing in English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Mestre-Mestre Eva M.
Published: July 2022

En un mundo globalizado, la necesidad de una lengua común está fomentando el aprendizaje masivo del inglés. Se ha dedicado mucho esfuerzo a ayudar a mejorar la competencia en diferentes niveles de aprendizaje de la lengua, pero, a medida que los estudiantes enfrentan mayores niveles de complejidad, la competencia en los aspectos pragmáticos de la lengua extranjera (LE) sigue siendo deficiente (Romero-Trillo, 2002; Author y Carrió Pastor, 2013). Esta cuestión debe abordarse en el aula de lengua extranjera (Sperber y Wilson, 1995; Wang, 2007). En este sentido, el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCER), basado en el enfoque comunicativo, ha proporcionado pautas para enseñar y ha establecido niveles de competencia en lenguas extranjeras. El volumen complementario del MCER propuso descriptores más detallados para identificar y representar el dominio de la lengua. El presente artículo presenta un estudio pseudo-longitudinal de un corpus de aprendices de 125 textos escritos producidos por estudiantes universitarios en los que se analizan errores pragmáticos (de coherencia y cohesión). El objetivo del estudio ha sido examinar la mejora en la producción de los estudiantes en los años posteriores a la publicación del libro de referencia. Los resultados apuntan a errores que se han minimizado después de la preparación y la instrucción, pero también identifican algunos errores recurrentes en la escritura del inglés como LE.
Los estilos de aprendizaje de percepción de alumnos monolingües y bilingües aprendientes de Inglés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Montero-SaizAja Alejandra
Published: July 2022

El presente estudio exploró los estilos de aprendizaje de percepción de alumnos monolingües y bilingües aprendientes de Inglés como lengua extranjera. Esta comparación permitiría conocer si utilizan estilos de aprendizaje similares o diferentes. También ofrecería una visión de cómo se aprende Inglés en un curso escolar y una comunidad determinadas. Esta investigación tuvo un objetivo doble: (1) identificar los más y menos preferidos estilos de aprendizaje de los alumnos monolingües y bilingües; (2) determinar si se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el perfil lingüístico de estos estudiantes y sus estilos de aprendizaje. La muestra estaba formada por 60 aprendientes de Inglés como lengua extranjera (47 monolingües y 13 bilingües) que cursaban 2º de Bachillerato. Se utilizó el instrumento Learning Style Survey (LSS) (Cohen et al., 2009) para medir los estilos de aprendizaje. Los resultados indicaron que los alumnos monolingües y bilingües prefirieron el estilo de aprendizaje visual, mientras que el estilo auditivo fue el menos preferido. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los perfiles lingüísticos de los estudiantes y los estilos de aprendizaje, y el tamaño del efecto fue pequeño. Por tanto, se puede deducir que el hecho de ser monolingüe o bilingüe no afecta las preferencias que los estudiantes tienen al aprender Inglés.
Why Do Elementary Particles Have Such Strange Mass Ratios? - The Role of Quantum Gravity at Low Energies
Authors: Singh Tejinder P.
Published: July 2022

When gravity is quantum, the point structure of space-time should be replaced by a non-commutative geometry. This is true even for quantum gravity in the infra-red. Using the octonions as space-time coordinates, we construct a pre-spacetime, pre-quantum Lagrangian dynamics. We show that the symmetries of this non-commutative space unify the standard model of particle physics with $SU(2)_R$ chiral gravity. The algebra of the octonionic space yields spinor states which can be identified with three generations of quarks and leptons. The geometry of the space implies quantisation of electric charge, and leads to a theoretical derivation of the mysterious mass ratios of quarks and the charged leptons. Quantum gravity is quantisation not only of the gravitational field, but also of the point structure of space-time.
LCNS Positioning of a Lunar Surface Rover Using a DEM Based Altitude Constraint
Authors: Melman Floor Thomas , Zoccarato Paolo , Orgel Csilla , Swinden Richard Dennis , Giordano Pietro , Ventura-Traveset Javier
Published: July 2022

With the renewed interest for lunar surface exploration, the European Space Agency envisions to stimulate the creation of lunar communications and navigation services (LCNS) to enable, among others, autonomous navigation capabilities for lunar rovers. As the number of satellites foreseen in such a service is much smaller compared to Earth based global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), different complementary technologies are pursued to improve the attainable navigation accuracy for lunar rovers. One way to improve the position accuracy provided by the LCNS satellites is to constrain the vertical position using a high resolution digital elevation model (DEM). This article presents the results of a variance covariance analysis of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) implementation in which the LCNS ranging measurements are used together with DEM from the LRO LOLA instrument. Assuming a realistic orbit determination and time synchronization (ODTS) accuracy of the LCNS satellites, the usage of a navigation grade IMU and an oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), a 3-sigma position accuracy of less than 10 meters can be obtained. Furthermore, the availability is substantially improved as the DEM aided solution enables a position solution in case of only 3 visible satellites.
Introducing New Index in Forest Roads Pavement Management System
Authors: Heidari Mohammad Javad , Najafi Akbar , Borges Jose G.
Published: July 2022

Forest road pavement needs an evaluation methodology based on a comprehensive assessment of road conditions. This research was conducted to evaluate the performance of a method for rating the surface condition of forest roads and eventually to adapt the method to the situation prevailing in a forest road network. The rating method selected as the basis for this experiment was the pavement condition index (PCI) developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A 53 km of forest roads were selected contained the most influential factors and conditions variability. Eventually, 201 road segments were delineated between 150-300 m in length. Within the given segments, sample plots were set 20 m in length consecutively. It was concluded that the panel scores for distress and surface condition of sample unit and section differed from forest road pavement condition index (FRPCI) and PCI. Linear regression was used to derive equations between distress and PCI score to determine effective FRPCI parameters that provide a numerical rating for the condition of road segments within the road network, where 0 worlds are the worst possible condition, and 100 is the best possible condition best. Also, regression analysis showed the FRPCI model with a 0.87 correlation for the total of the road is a performance index used for the first time in forest roads. This study showed a range of FRPCI from 7.8 to 96.3, different from PCI and URCI ratings (0.85-45 and 1.2-53). The FRPCI index helps forest managers in road maintenance, harvesting, and planning to use road information.
Advanced Logistics Strategy of the Company to Create Sustainable Development in the Industrial Area
Authors: Rakyta Miroslav , Bubenik Peter , Biňasová Vladimíra , Mičieta Branislav , Štaffenová Katarína
Published: July 2022

Strategic management sets the direction of a company for several years ahead. Managers and business owners who create strategy must anticipate and have the ability to see systemically—the paper deals with creating a logistics strategy for a company operating in the industrial sector. The first section summarises the theoretical background for strategy and logistics and current trends affecting logistics processes. The second chapter analyses the current state of the art in logistics strategy development and summarizes its problem areas. The central part of the paper is the proposal of a methodology for logistics strategy development in the industrial area by a progressive approach. The methodology is divided into 5 phases - preparatory, analytical, formulation, implementation, and evaluation and control phases. The methodology is partially validated. The created variants of the logistics strategy include the introduction of such elements that will lead to the gradual development of the Industry 4.0 trend in the given company. This is mainly the first variant called "automation," which includes the introduction of an automatic tractor for material import, the introduction of an automatic system for transport and storage of work in progress, and the introduction of a new logistics information system that will make greater use of already established barcodes (transparency, data in real-time).
Fault Detection and Isolation of Landing Gear Retraction/ Extension Hydraulic System Based on BG and GARRs
Authors: Cao* Yuyuan , Duan Shixuan , Li Yanjun , Li Xudong , Zhao Zejian , Wang Xingye
Published: July 2022

Considering the landing gear's R/E hydraulic system is nonlinear in nature, identifying and isolating its defects is not straightforward. Using the power bond graph (BG), analytical redundancy relations (ARRs) are derived based on the fundamental principle of energy conservation. Boolean logic variables are then introduced to describe the operating state of the system, and finally, global analytic redundancy relations (GARRs) are produced. It is given the corresponding residuals from the GARRs and mapped to the fault signature matrix (FSM) for the purpose of assessing its detectability and isolation. Different progressive types of deficiencies have been studied, including filter blockage, actuator leaks, and landing gear selector valve reversing stuck. The residuals against threshold range results for the injected faults calculated in MATLAB/Simulink showed that this method can considerably detect the faults. In complex nonlinear systems, such as landing gear R/E hydraulic systems, the research methodology can be used to detect faults and monitoring of statuses.
Knowledge and Attitudes about Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance of 2,404 UK Healthcare Workers
Authors: Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Casale Ella , Harvey Eleanor , Umoh Eno , Vasandani Sagar , Reilly Jacqui , Hopkins Susan
Published: July 2022

Background: Using the COM-B model as a framework, an EU-wide survey aimed to ascertain multidisciplinary healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes and behaviours on antibiotics, antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. The UK findings are presented. Methods: A 43-item questionnaire was developed through a two-round modified Delphi consensus process. The UK target quota was 1,315 respondents. Results: 2,404 participants responded. The highest proportion were nursing and midwifery professionals (42%), pharmacists (23%) and medical doctors (18%). HCWs correctly answered that antibiotics are not effective against viruses (97%), they have associated side effects (97%), unnecessary use makes antibiotics ineffective (97%) and healthy people can carry antibiotic resistant bacteria (90%). However, fewer than 80% correctly answered that using antibiotics increases a patient’s risk of antimicrobial resistant infection or that resistant bacteria can spread from person to person. Whilst the majority of HCWs (81%) agreed there is a connection between their antibiotic prescribing behaviour and the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, only 64% felt that they have a key role in controlling antibiotic resistance. The top three barriers to providing advice or resources were lack of resources (19%), insufficient time (11%) and the patient being uninterested in the information (7%). Approximately 35% of UK respondents who were prescribers prescribed an antibiotic at least once in the last week due to fear of patient deterioration or complications. Conclusion: These findings highlight that a multifaceted approach to tackling the barriers to prudent antibiotic use in the UK is required and provides evidence for guiding targeted policy, intervention development and future research. Education and training should focus on patient communication, information on spreading resistant bacteria and increased risk for individuals.
A Systematic Review on the Emergence of Omicron Variant and Recent Advancement in Therapies
Authors: Pandey Ramendra Pati , konyak M Beyau , Sharma Mohan , Kharia Shabnam , Chang Chung-Ming
Published: July 2022

With the ongoing COVID pandemic, the emergence of a novel omicron variant in November 2021 has chaos the world. Despite mass vaccination, this omicron has spread rapidly raising concerns around the globe. The Omicron variant has a vast array of mutations as compared to another variant of concern with overall 50 mutations where 30 mutations are present in its spike protein. This mutation has led to immune escape and more transmissibility compared to other variants, including Delta. A cluster of mutations (H655Y, N679K, and P681H) present at the omicron spike protein could aid in transmission. Currently, no virus-specific data are available to predict the efficacy of anti-viral and mAbs drugs. However, two monoclonal antibody drugs: Sotrovimab and Evusheld are authorized for emergency use in COVID patients. This virus is not fading away soon. The easiest solution and less expensive measure to fight against this pandemic are following COVID appropriate protocols.There is need to strengthen the level of research for development of potential vaccines and anti-viral drugs. It is also important to monitor and expand genomic surveillance to keep track of the emergence of new variants thus avoiding the spread of new diseases worldwide. This article highlights the emergence of omicron and vast number of mutation in its protein. In addition, recent advancement in drugs approved by FDA to treat COVID patients has been listed and focused in this paper.
New construction method for the equivalence between two
forms of deterministic fuzzy finite automata
Authors: ping Li , huanhuan Sun , yanping Yang
Published: July 2022

Fuzzy automata and their languages provide a powerful tool for computational theory to study and deal with the fuzzy natural languages, and the equivalence among different forms of fuzzy automata provides a favorable basis for the flexible selection of computational models in practical applications. However, it has not been well solved that the proof of the equivalence between deterministic fuzzy finite automata with crisp initial state and fuzzy final state and deterministic fuzzy finite automata with fuzzy initial state and crisp final state. A direct construction method was given in Li and Pedrycz (2005). We later found the method has some deficiency, then an indirect proof method was given in Li et al.(2017). In this paper, we concern with two forms of deterministic fuzzy finite automata valued in lattice-ordered monoids, and a direct and effective construction method for the equivalence between them is given, then we also verify the new construction method with several examples.
Greenhouse gas emissions of India's household food, apparel, mobility and energy consumption: Regional structure and inequality, and scenarios for 1.5°C climate stabilization
Authors: Bogra Shelly , Creutzig Felix , Pichler Peter-Paul
Published: July 2022

The GHG emission pathway of India will be crucial for keeping temperatures below 2°C or even 1.5°C. It is still unclear how to reconcile increasing consumption and energy demand, and questions of wellbeing for all, with climate change mitigation. Here, we investigate the role of Indian household consumption by calculating carbon footprints for 12 income-categories and 33 products and services reported for both urban and rural conglomerations in 35 states and union territories of India. The impact of the urban population per person is higher (2.7 tCO2eq) than in rural areas (2.2 tCO2eq), but due to the larger population the rural population contributed two thirds of all emissions. High inequality in emission footprints is caused by high-income urban travellers and high-income meat consumption in rural and urban areas. The total emissions of consumption were 2.6 GtCO2eq, with fuel and lighting, transportation, milk and dairy, meat and egg, and rice contributing 1020, 280, 610, 430, and 130 MtCO2eq, respectively. Scenario analysis demonstrates that switching to solar energy, staying away from OECD-type animal-based diets, and avoiding status-driven mobility behaviour can deliver 52GtCO2eq emission savings until 2050. Nonetheless, fair burden sharing requires even stronger action by Global North and China.
Hepatic tumors diagnosis system based on fuzzy c-means using computed tomography images
Authors: Al-Saeed Yasmeen , Gab-Allah Wael , Elmogy Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Background: Liver cancer due to hepatic tumors is one of the primary mortality causes globally. Detecting and diagnosing such tumors can be very tricky in reducing death rates. Segmenting liver tumors from computed tomography (CT) images is a very tricky and challenging task due to many factors such as fuzziness of the liver intensities range, liver pixels intensities values intersection with the neighboring abdomen organs, noise imposed by CT scanner, and variance in tumors and appearances. This paper introduces a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system based on some of the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) method variations to detect liver tumors on CT images. Furthermore, one of the main objectives of this paper is to diagnose and label detected liver tumors, either benign or malignant. Methods: Multi-scale Fuzzy C-Means (MSFCM) is used as the liver segmentation method, and its output is the liver segmented out of the abdomen CT image. In order to achieve high-quality liver tumors segmentation, the segmentation is done using two FCM algorithms; Gaussian Kernelized Fuzzy C-Means (GKFCM) and Fast Generalized Fuzzy C-Means (FGFCM), respectively. The diagnosis is achieved by extracting features from segmented tumors and passing them to the support vector machines (SVM) classifier.Results: To evaluate the overall performance of the proposed CAD system, the system was implemented using CT images from three liver benchmark datasets with a total of 250 subjects. The used datasets are MICCAI-Sliver07, LiTS17 and 3Dircadb. Different performance metrics were calculated, such as accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and dice similarity score (DSC). The proposed system achieved reasonable performance results with an average ACC, SEN, SPE, and DSC of 96.62%, 95.84%,94.20%, and 95.21%, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed system was able to differentiate benign and malignant tumors with reasonable accuracy. The resulted accuracy resulted from our CAD system features such as noise robustness, detail persevering, and being a fully-automatic system with no need for user interaction. The experimental results showed the applicability of the proposed system using different liver datasets.