bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Adolescents’ Relationships with Significant Others and School Failure
Authors: Domagała-Zyśk Ewa
Published: April 2006

This article demonstrates the importance of social support from students’ significant others (parents, peers and teachers) in the process of doing well at school. The main focus of the research project was to find correlations between the quality of adolescents’ relationships with significant others and their school success or school failure, as measured by their average grades. One hundred adolescents experiencing school failure [mean school grade 2.9 (FX) or below] and 100 adolescents without any problems with learning [mean school grade 4.1 (C) or more] participated in the study. In each of the groups half of the participants were female and half were male. All the students were attending the second class of gymnasium; their mean age was 14. The students were attending eight different schools in one Polish town.

The main hypothesis of the study was that students experiencing school failure differ from these with school success in the quality of their relationships with significant others, as measured by the different amount of perceived social support from their mothers, fathers, peers and teachers. The results show that teenagers need parental support in the form of attachment with, not detachment from their parents. Perceived parents’, peers’ and teacher's support helps teenagers to get good marks. Therefore, in order to help teenagers to achieve school success pedagogues should teach them not only academic skills, but show them how to create and maintain good relations with their parents and peers.
The Presentation Of Childhood Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Across Home and School Settings
Authors: Sabuncuoglu Osman , Berkem Meral
Published: April 2006

This study aimed to determine the exact pattern of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in children displayed across school and home settings. Twenty-six school children (aged 7 through 17) with OCD were tested using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) – severity subscale and a questionnaire which consists of items serving to compare the symptoms between home and school settings. The mean obsession and compulsion subscores on the CY-BOCS were found to be 10.73 ± 3.14 and 10.88 ± 3.17, respectively, both summing up a Total score of 21.61 ± 5.52. The mean CGI-severity scores, rated for home and school settings were 4.42 ± 0.90 and 2.42 ± 1.13 respectively, indicating a strong difference in the presentation of OCD between those settings ( t= 7.02, df = 50, p< 0.0001). No gender, diagnosis (pure versus comorbid) and age effect (7 to = 12 years versus > 12 to 17 years) was found on the CY-BOCS and CGI-severity subscale (Mann–Whitney U test, all p> 0.05). The presentation difference we have noted in this study is a significant finding. Further studies are needed to delineate the characteristics of this phenomenon with possible implications for diagnosis, management and treatment.
Narrativizing Oppression and Suffering: Theorizing Slavery
Authors: Mohan Sanal
Published: April 2006

This article analyses the particular process by which memories of the slave experience of Pulayas, Parayas and similar castes are kept alive in contemporary Kerala by followers of the Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, a social and religious movement of Dalits started in 1909–10 by Poyikayil Yohannan in central Travancore. The article shows how, over time, the Christian orientation of the movement was modified by its Dalit leaders, making intricate use of re-memorizing the slave experience. The outcome is that new myths and concepts were developed, evolving into new practices and discourses, including prominently the narrativization of oppression and suffering and rememory of slavery as part of initiation rituals into the movement.
Colonial Agrarian Policies in the Tribal Areas of Madras Presidency: 1872–1947
Authors: Saravanan Velayutham
Published: April 2006

This article analyses the colonial agrarian policies applied to the tribal areas of the Salem and Baramahal region of Madras Presidency during the survey and settlement period (1872–1947). It argues that those setting the colonial agrarian policy did not consider the economic disadvantages of the hill areas and forest-oriented tribal economy and treated them in line with the plains; mainly to extract the maximum land revenue. The article shows and confirms that colonial agrarian policy, from the late 19th century to the end of colonial rule, contributed to the deterioration of the tribal economy in Madras Presidency due to resulting restrictions on rights and access over land and forest.
Indo-Anglian fiction: the new Orientalism
Authors: Shivani Anis
Published: April 2006

By aggressively promoting Indian-English writers like Amit Chaudhuri, Pankaj Mishra and Manil Suri, the conglomerate publishing industry is engaging in the commodification of an exoticised Orientalism. The stereotype of Indians promoted by such works is of paralysed, fatalist characters, at sea in a world of hypermodernity. These novels reinforce westerners’ impression of an Indian subcontinent untouched by globalisation, feminism, capitalism and individualism. They serve as armchair tourism, resorting to fetishised symbols of Indian culture that the westerner feels at home in. The antidote to this ‘boutique multiculturalism’ is awareness of the fabric and texture of Indian life today, a living diversity played out in contesting realms of national and individual identity, often at sharp odds with the comforting notion of an unchanging India palatable to the bourgeois western reader.
Kenya, India and the British Empire Exhibition of 1924
Authors: Hughes Deborah L.
Published: April 2006

The British Empire Exhibition of 1924 was one of the last in a long series of imperial spectacles propagandising empire. But its rhetoric of racial unity and impartial governance was undermined by an attempted Indian boycott of the event. This was prompted by the British government’s unequal treatment of white and Indian settlers in Kenya. White settler privileges, already enormous, were further underscored, while Indian rights were restricted, segregation imposed and Indian immigration curtailed. The resulting furore led not only to a proposed Indian boycott of the exhibition, but also drove former advocates of imperial co-operation more strongly towards the Indian nationalist cause.
The Power of Myth as Metaphor
Authors: Maratos Jason
Published: April 2006

This article aims to integrate lessons from mythology, linguistics and psychoanalysis and apply them to an understanding of the therapeutic process and to the emotional growth of individuals and in society.
Groups and Gender: The Effects of a Masculine Gender Deficit
Authors: Currat Thierry , Michel Luc
Published: April 2006

Should analysts consider gender distribution when forming a group, or should they assume that the sex of the participants and therapist will not significantly affect group process? This question has received little attention in the psychoanalytic literature despite the fact that it provokes considerable thought and discussion among psychotherapists. This article explores the effects of a specific gender distribution in an analytic group: one male analyst conducting a group of women. This gender configuration complicates the working-through of psychic bisexuality. It can set the stage for genital and especially pre-genital fantasies deleterious to the process by a phallic regression of the group towards a struggle for control and power. Unless an all female or all male group is favoured, an even gender distribution seems necessary to allow for the free expression of masculine and feminine, maternal and paternal, identifications.
J.H. King on Initial Evidence: Did He Change?
Authors: Moon Tony
Published: April 2006

J.H. King, who is commonly viewed as one of the most important early twentieth-century Pentecostal leaders in the United States, was one of the strong proponents of the teaching that tongues speech is the invariable, immediate evidence of Spirit Baptism. Douglas Jacobsen argues in his 2003 book, Thinking in the Spirit, that King modified his position on normative initial evidence tongues in the second edition of From Passover to Pentecost. This article challenges that thesis. After looking at King’s pro-initial evidence polemic in the ‘Introduction’ of G.F. Taylor’s The Spirit and the Bride, and especially in the first edition of From Passover to Pentecost, this article deals with some King remarks in the second edition of the latter volume—remarks that Jacobsen interprets as King vacillating in his understanding of that doctrine. The bulk of the article contends that Jacobsen’s reading amounts to a substantial historical and literary decontextualization of those statements. Rather than interpreting them as King equivocating on initial evidence, they are more accurately understood as King articulating Christian prophetic ministry as (1) the supreme sign of the inaugurated ‘Pentecostal Era’, and as (2) a post-Spirit Baptismal confirmation of a genuine, tongue-certified Spirit Baptism experience.
Church in the Power of the Holy Spirit: The Promise of Pentecostal Ecclesiology
Authors: Pinnock Clark
Published: April 2006

In another instance of a long and fruitful effort to engage and encourage Pentecostal theologians, appreciatively and constructively, in making their own distinctive contributions to the larger theological world, renowned evangelical theologian Clark Pinnock has here sketched a suggestive proposal for the construction of a distinctly Pentecostal ecclesiology. Originally presented as the keynote address at the 34th annual meeting of the Society for Pentecostal Studies at Regent University in Virginia Beach, VA on March 11, 2005, this paper appears here as the featured dialogue piece followed by responses from three Pentecostal theologians, Frank D. Macchia, Terry L. Cross, and R. Hollis Gause. Pinnock’s proposal for a Pentecostal theology of the church is here outlined in terms of the following themes: (1) An Anointed Herald of God’s Kingdom, (2) A Trinitarian Society, (3) A Church Oriented to Mission, (4) A Continuing Charismatic Structure, and (5) An Institutional Dimension.
A response to Clark Pinnock’s ‘Church in the Power of the Holy Spirit’
Authors: Cross Terry
Published: April 2006

Clark Pinnock provides a rich resource to consider various constructive aspects of ecclesiology for Pentecostals. In response to his address, this article attempts to construct a rough sketch of one possible ecclesiology, focusing on the nature of the church from a Trinitarian Pentecostal perspective as a people of God’s presence and power. It investigates the idea of ‘power ecclesiology’ that was raised by Pinnock. It concludes by examining the challenges of appropriate structures in the church and the predominant problem of individualism in North American culture.
The Modus Narrandi
Authors: Gysen Joos , Bruyninckx Hans , Bachus Kris
Published: April 2006

‘Are we being effective?’ has become an increasingly central question in policy evaluation research. This article defends the position that this question can only be answered by employing a methodology that is adapted and can stand scrutiny in the policy field in which the evaluation occurs. In our experience the evaluation of environmental policy requires a renewed effort to develop methodologies that take into account the key characteristics of that policy area. The ‘modus narrandi’, based on causal narrative story reconstruction, is our contribution to these efforts. It is a methodology for effect evaluation that looks at effectiveness and side effects within contexts characterized by causal uncertainty.
For the record
Authors: Keightley Emily , Pickering Michael
Published: April 2006

Phonography and photography have been extensively discussed and analysed, but their complementary features as media of communication have received relatively little attention. Chief among these is the way in which, as technologies of recording, preservation and retrieval, they have affected forms of social remembering and orientations to historical time. Over the last century and more, phonograph music and photographic images have acquired strong and resonant associations with both personal and public memory, but how they actually help us engage with the past remains difficult to assess. When we look behind their familiar, everyday presence we realise that in their relations with time, memory and the process of remembering, they are both highly accurate and highly elusive. That is the paradox defining their mutual connections with the past.
Talking alone
Authors: Aslama Minna , Pantti Mervi
Published: April 2006

This article examines reality TV as an illustration of contemporary confessional culture in which the key attraction is the disclosure of true emotions. This article hopes to contribute to the understanding of the production of self-disclosure through a formal analysis of international and domestic dating, adventure and lifestyle-oriented reality shows broadcast on Finnish television between 2002 and 2004. The diverse programmes verify that reality TV shows capitalize on a variety of talk situations within one programme, but it is the monologue that is used as a truth-sign of direct access to the authentic. We also suggest that the power of monologue in the reality genre promotes the transformation of television from a mass medium to first-person medium addressing masses of individuals.
‘Welcome to Britain’
Authors: Tyler Imogen
Published: April 2006

Questions of asylum and immigration have taken centre stage in national and international debate and figure prominently in the domestic political agendas of wealthy states and nations. In Australia, Europe and the US, harsh and punitive asylum and immigration laws are being enacted incrementally and asylum-seekers are subject increasingly to detention. Through a focus on the detention of asylum-seekers in the UK, this article makes a critical intervention in current theoretical debates around asylum.Focusing on the writing of Giorgio Agamben, this article suggests that within political and cultural theory, there has been a turn to the figure of the asylum-seeker (and the refugee) as a trope for theorizing the political constitution of the present. By opening up a critical dialogue between humanitarian, media studies and abstract theoretical accounts of immigration detention, this article produces a critique of the ways in which theory appropriates the figure of the asylum-seeker.
Public journalism
Authors: Haas Tanni , Steiner Linda
Published: April 2006

This article analyzes and responds to the most significant criticisms of public journalism made by scholars. After discussing public journalism advocates’ alleged failure to define public journalism clearly, we examine more specific criticisms. Among other issues, few advocates have taken seriously the likely impact of commercial imperatives on public journalism's modes of operation. We argue, however, that public journalism projects show that reform-oriented news organizations can challenge long-standing journalistic conventions, despite managements’ interests in maximizing profit. Ultimately, we argue, public journalism's long-term viability depends on continuing, explicit commitment by journalists, its institutionalization within newsrooms and journalism classrooms, and continued theory-development, research, and assessment.
Engaging Health Care Providers in Coalition Activities
Authors: Kelly Cynthia S. , Meurer John R. , Lachance Laurie L. , Taylor-Fishwick Judith C. , Geng Xin , Arabía Carmen
Published: April 2006

Health care providers play a key role in promoting and participating in asthma coalition activities. Barriers to participation include lack of time, concern about coalition effectiveness, and unfamiliarity with community-based approaches to health issues. Despite this, the Allies Against Asthma coalitions were successful at involving health care providers in leadership roles, on advisory committees, and as research and clinical experts. Successful engagement strategies included presentation of data illustrating need for improved asthma care, identification of clinicians who were involved in caring for children with uncontrolled asthma, and education regarding the added value of a coalition and benefits of participation. Despite barriers to participation, health care providers felt that their participation in asthma coalitions helped them to develop collaborative relationships with other agencies, increase their professional knowledge and skills with regard to asthma management, and improve access to priority populations.
Childhood Asthma Surveillance by Community Coalitions
Authors: Meurer John R. , Navon Livia , Redd Stephen C. , Gilmore Lisa A. , Butterfoss Frances D. , Lara Marielena , Cohn Jennifer H. , Lachance Laurie L.
Published: April 2006

Multiple benefits can accrue when community coalitions conduct asthma surveillance activities. Surveillance data are used to identify children with asthma, assess disease burden and needs in the community, understand the illness and risk factors, identify children with asthma who are undertreated, plan community interventions, evaluate the effect of interventions, and monitor trends. These data, which are used to inform coalition and program decisions and to evaluate asthma interventions, can also be used to strengthen state and national asthma surveillance efforts and to inform clinical practice and public health policies. Local coalition data collection represents a complementary approach to national asthma surveillance, allowing action at the local level and showing how local findings vary from national observations. The Allies Against Asthma coalitions developed several practical means to conduct childhood asthma surveillance that informed coalition efforts and facilitated innovative linkages among government officials, health care providers, community agencies, families, and academicians and/or researchers.
Marxism and Feminism
Authors: Marcuse Herbert
Published: April 2006

herbert marcuse was Professor of Philosophy at the University of California-San Diego from 1965 until his retirement in 1976. Prior to this, he was Professor of Political Science at Brandeis University. The author of Eros and Civilization (1955) and One-Dimensional Man (1964), he died in 1979.
Delayed Posttraumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma in Elderly Patients on Anticoagulation
Authors: Itshayek Eyal , Rosenthal Guy , Fraifeld Shifra , Perez-Sanchez Xicotencatl , Cohen Jose E. , Spektor Sergey
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE:

To discuss delayed acute subdural hematoma (DASH), a relatively neglected entity, and to emphasize the potentially elevated risk for DASH among elderly, anticoagulated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.

METHODS:

The authors reviewed clinical and radiological data for four patients who had normal neurological examinations and normal computed tomographic scans after mild TBI, and who subsequently developed DASH and deteriorated rapidly.

RESULTS:

The patients included two men and two women, aged 65 to 86 years, who presented to the emergency department after mild TBI between January 2002 and June 2004. All were treated with chronic anticoagulation or anti-aggregation therapy. They deteriorated owing to DASH from 9 hours to 3 days after TBI. Three of the four patients underwent craniotomy for evacuation of their hematomas. One patient, who suffered only focal neurological deficit, was treated conservatively, and her hematoma gradually resolved. Two patients died and two reached Glasgow Outcome Scores of 3 and 4 after extended inpatient rehabilitation.

CONCLUSION:

A suspicion of DASH should be raised in elderly, anticoagulated, mild TBI patients, including those who present to the emergency department with Glasgow Coma Scores of 15 and normal computed tomographic scans after injury. Based on our experience, we recommend that elderly, anticoagulated mild TBI patients should be admitted for 24 to 48 hours of observation after injury.
Cervical Spine Injuries in Ocean Bathers: Wave-related Accidents
Authors: Robles Luis A.
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE:

Spine injuries can occur secondary to several aquatic recreational activities. A series of cases of patients who experienced cervical spine injuries secondary to ocean waves accidents is presented. A description and analysis of this kind of injury is performed.

METHODS:

Sixteen patients were treated from January 1999 to May 2005. The mechanism of accident, mechanism of injury, neurological status, radiographic findings, associated injuries, and treatment were analyzed.

RESULTS:

These injuries are common among older patients. More severe and devastating injuries occurred in young patients. The most common mechanism of injury is hyperextension associated to spondylosis, which usually caused central cord syndrome.

CONCLUSION:

Wave-related accidents in ocean bathers are secondary to lack of experience of swimming in the ocean and underestimating the danger of waves. Although different types of mechanism of injury occurred, hyperextension was the most common. High-risk patients are older people with preexisting cervical spondylosis.
Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Cavernous Sinus: Case Report
Authors: Attabib Najmedden A. , West Michael , Rhodes Roy H.
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE:

Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNET family) are small, round, blue cell tumors that have a decided predilection for young patients and commonly arise in bone and soft tissue. We are reporting a rare case of cavernous sinus pPNET in a 48-year-old woman.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 48-year-old woman presented with headache, ipsilateral maxillary, and ophthalmic and oculomotor nerve palsies. Neuroimaging revealed a cavernous sinus lesion.

INTERVENTION:

The patient underwent debulking of the tumor, and the diagnosis of a pPNET was made based on histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetics (EWS-FLI1 fusion gene) findings. Bone scans, bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy and chest computed tomographic scans showed no evidence of systemic involvement. The patient had adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After 14 months, the patient had no neurological deficits, and neuroimaging showed stable disease, although some chemotherapy complications occurred.

CONCLUSION:

This is a case of cavernous sinus pPNET in a 48-year-old woman, in whom the diagnosis is supported by the presence of EWS-FLI1 fusion gene. This seems to be the first reported case of a cavernous sinus pPNET confirmed by molecular genetic analysis.
Ballistic intracellular nanorheology reveals ROCK-hard cytoplasmic stiffening response to fluid flow
Authors: Lee Jerry S. H. , Panorchan Porntula , Hale Christopher M. , Khatau Shyam B. , Kole Thomas P. , Tseng Yiider , Wirtz Denis
Published: April 2006

Cells in vivo are constantly subjected to mechanical shear stresses that play important regulatory roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Cytoskeletal reorganizations that occur in response to shear flow have been studied extensively, but whether the cytoplasm of an adherent cell adapts its mechanical properties to respond to shear is largely unknown. Here we develop a new method where fluorescent nanoparticles are ballistically injected into the cells to probe, with high resolution, possible local viscoelastic changes in the cytoplasm of individual cells subjected to fluid flow. This new assay, ballistic intracellular nanorheology (BIN), reveals that shear flow induces a dramatic sustained 25-fold increase in cytoplasmic viscosity in serum-starved Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. By contrast, cells stimulated with the actin contractile agonist LPA show highly transient stiffening of much lower amplitude, despite the formation of similar cytoskeletal structures. Shear-induced cytoplasmic stiffening is attenuated by inhibiting actomyosin interactions and is entirely eliminated by specific Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibition. Together, these results show that biochemical and biophysical stimuli may elicit the formation of qualitatively similar cytoskeleton structures (i.e. stress fibers and focal adhesions), but induces quantitatively different micromechanical responses. Our results suggest that when an adherent cell is subjected to shear stresses, its first order of action is to prevent detachment from its substratum by greatly stiffening its cytoplasm through enhanced actin assembly and Rho-kinase mediated contractility.
Dynamin as a mover and pincher during cell migration and invasion
Authors: Kruchten Anne E. , McNiven Mark A.
Published: April 2006

The large GTPase dynamin, long known for its role in endocytosis, has most recently been implicated as a facilitator of cell migration and invasion. Recent observations link dynamin to the cycle of membrane expansion and retraction essential for cell motility. Its role in actin polymerization, membrane deformation and vesiculation, and focal adhesion dynamics are all important for this process, and the new findings provide exciting directions for studies of this ubiquitous and diverse protein family.
Up Close and Personal: Investor Sophistication and the Disposition Effect
Authors: Dhar Ravi , Zhu Ning
Published: April 2006

This paper analyzes the trading records of a major discount brokerage house to investigate the disposition effect, the tendency to sell stocks that have appreciated in price (winners) sooner than stocks that trade below the purchase price (losers). In contrast to previous research that has demonstrated the disposition effect by aggregating across investors, our main objective is to identify differences in the disposition bias across individuals and explain this in terms of underlying investor characteristics. Building on the findings in experimental economics and social psychology, we hypothesize that differences in investor literacy about financial markets and trading frequency are responsible in part for the variation in individual disposition effect. Using demographic and socioeconomic variables as proxies for investor literacy, we find empirical evidence that wealthier individuals and individuals employed in professional occupations exhibit a lower disposition effect. Consistent with experimental economics, trading frequency also tends to reduce the disposition effect. We provide guidelines for investment advisors, regulators, and investment communities to utilize our findings and help investors make better decisions.
On the Value of Mitigation and Contingency Strategies for Managing Supply Chain Disruption Risks
Authors: Tomlin Brian
Published: April 2006

We study a single-product setting in which a firm can source from two suppliers, one that is unreliable and another that is reliable but more expensive. Suppliers are capacity constrained, but the reliable supplier may possess volume flexibility. We prove that in the special case in which the reliable supplier has no flexibility and the unreliable supplier has infinite capacity, a risk-neutral firm will pursue a single disruption-management strategy: mitigation by carrying inventory, mitigation by single-sourcing from the reliable supplier, or passive acceptance. We find that a supplier’s percentage uptime and the nature of the disruptions (frequent but short versus rare but long) are key determinants of the optimal strategy. For a given percentage uptime, sourcing mitigation is increasingly favored over inventory mitigation as disruptions become less frequent but longer. Further, we show that a mixed mitigation strategy (partial sourcing from the reliable supplier and carrying inventory) can be optimal if the unreliable supplier has finite capacity or if the firm is risk averse.

Contingent rerouting is a possible tactic if the reliable supplier can ramp up its processing capacity, that is, if it has volume flexibility. We find that contingent rerouting is often a component of the optimal disruption-management strategy, and that it can significantly reduce the firm’s costs. For a given percentage uptime, mitigation rather than contingent rerouting tends to be optimal if disruptions are rare.
The word is not a shadow. The word is a thing Nabokov as anti-Symbolist
Authors: Glynn Michael
Published: April 2006

This article seeks to counter a contemporary critical orthodoxy that presents Nabokov as a transcendental or Symbolist writer. This Symbolist version of Nabokov has been promoted by such eminent Nabokovians as Brian Boyd and D. Barton Johnson but is a reading that perhaps misrepresents the man and his work. I suggest that Nabokov's early poetic output manifests an anti-Symbolist impulse and proceed to argue that his fundamental epistemology was anti-Symbolist. This antipathy is starkly revealed when we consider Nabokov's attitude to language: for the Symbolist, the word was a barrier that interposed itself between man and ultimate reality. The Symbolist imagination was therefore intent upon finessing a limited and limiting language so that it became capable of adumbrating the ineffable. To this end, the Symbolists seized upon the verbal symbol which was prized for its obliquity and its transcendent potential. To value the word as symbol, however, was in Nabokov's view to detract from the intrinsic value of both word and world and I suggest instead that Nabokov enjoyed an epistemological affinity with Russian Formalism. I conclude the article by arguing that in hisLolita, Nabokov seeks to explore the pernicious effects of symbolatry.
Transoceanic echoes: coolitude and the work of the Mauritian poet Khal Torabully
Authors: Bragard Vronique
Published: April 2006

Khal Torabully's poetry (mainly Cale d'toiles coolitude and Chair corail, fragments coolies) surfaces as a marine odyssey of the coolie diaspora. Coolitude epitomizes in many respects a double articulation in Torabully's work: his commitment to denouncing trauma and violence
at the eve of the twenty-first century as well as the concern of the contemporary artist to find adequate words, styles and modes to engage with this suffering. Torabully, similarly to Paul Gilroy, maps a more complex picture of the notion of Indian identity, shifting the emphasis from a fossilizing
nostalgia for a fixed India to the ocean space that mediates the numerous cultural (ex)changes coolie culture has undergone. His rehabilitation of the coolie memory embodied in coolitude has provided him with a framework to understand, not only his own but on a more universal level, the cross-cultural
chaotic relationships that can lead to bursts of creativity but also devastating violence. Coolitude thus emerges as a poetics that attempts to recover and reassess the transoceanic crossing of coolies, establishing it as a central metaphor that is constitutive of a new perspective on Indian
identities characterized by multiple crossings: crossings between cultures, heritages, places, generations, gender, historical assertions, and mythical references.
Serving the master: cannibalism and transoceanic representations of cultural identity
Authors: Barnard Debbie
Published: April 2006

The use of the term cannibale as a keyword in the titles of Maryse Cond'sHistoire de la femme cannibaleand Paul Bloc'sLes Confidences d'un cannibaleattracts attention and solicits immediate images of alterity; the term cannibal, however, is a product of European imperialism and its implications function as a means of justifying colonialism. Within each text, cannibalism is not an action in which the characters actually engage, but rather a trope of identity assigned to them by their oppressors; the cannibalism is not physical, but rather cultural and is perpetuated by the very people who accuse them of cannibalism. For the protagonists of Bloc's and Cond's novels intimate contact with Europeans is part of daily life, yet these intercultural relationships create difficulties for the two main characters, making them victims of cultural cannibalism. An examination of the complex ironies joining the trope of cannibalism and racial, sexual, and cultural identity within these two novels reveals similarities between the Pacific and the Atlantic colonial experiences, and shows that the literary representation of cannibalism in both works serves as a metaphor not only of cultural and sexual domination, but also of subversion and liberation.
Global and regional practices in university research management: emerging trends
Authors: Stackhouse Julie , Day Rachel
Published: April 2006

Various developments at global, regional and national levels have had a profound impact on the way in which universities and research institutes manage their research capacity and outputs. This has, in many cases, led to an increased role for centralised research offices as well as
having implications for individual researchers. In this article, we seek to identify some of the specific functions of, and challenges facing, the former, drawing on the findings of the Association of Commonwealth Universities' (ACU) global survey and discussions emanating from two international
workshops. We find the development of structures and the provision of services to be uneven between regions. We also find that while capacity for research management has grown, so have demands on universities, leading to increased expectations and recognition of the potential for improvement.
Both findings suggest that much can be gained through international benchmarking and sharing of good practice.
Evolution of Resistance During Clonal Expansion
Authors: Iwasa Yoh , Nowak Martin A , Michor Franziska
Published: April 2006

Acquired drug resistance is a major limitation for cancer therapy. Often, one genetic alteration suffices to confer resistance to an otherwise successful therapy. However, little is known about the dynamics of the emergence of resistant tumor cells. In this article, we consider an exponentially growing population starting from one cancer cell that is sensitive to therapy. Sensitive cancer cells can mutate into resistant ones, which have relative fitness α prior to therapy. In the special case of no cell death, our model converges to the one investigated by Luria and Delbrück. We calculate the probability of resistance and the mean number of resistant cells once the cancer has reached detection size M. The probability of resistance is an increasing function of the detection size M times the mutation rate u. If Mu ≪ 1, then the expected number of resistant cells in cancers with resistance is independent of the mutation rate u and increases with M in proportion to $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(M^{1{-}1/\mathrm{{\alpha}}}\) \end{document}$ for advantageous mutants with relative fitness $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\alpha}}{>}1\) \end{document}$, to $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{ln}M\) \end{document}$ for neutral mutants (α = 1), but converges to an upper limit for deleterious mutants ($\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\alpha}}{<}1\) \end{document}$). Further, the probability of resistance and the average number of resistant cells increase with the number of cell divisions in the history of the tumor. Hence a tumor subject to high rates of apoptosis will show a higher incidence of resistance than expected on its detection size only.
A weibull limit for the reliability of a consecutivek-within-m-out-of-nsystem
Authors: Papastavridis Stavros G.
Published: April 2006

A consecutivek-within-m-out-of-nsystem consists ofnidentical and stochastically independent components arranged on a line. The system will fail if and only if withinmconsecutive components, there are at leastkfailures. LetTnbe the system's lifetime. Then, under quite general conditions we prove that there is a positive constantasuch that the random variablen1/kaTnconverges to a Weibull distribution asn→∞.
A limit theorem for discrete-parameter random evolutions
Authors: Blum Gilles A.
Published: April 2006

In this paper we obtain a limit theorem for discrete-parameter random evolutions. This theorem is then used to obtain diffusion approximations to the Wright-Fisher model in a Markovian environment and to sequences of stochastic difference equations.
Approximations for the single-product production-inventory problem with compound Poisson demand and service-level constraints
Authors: De kok A. G. , Tijms H. C. , Van der Duyn Schouten F. A.
Published: April 2006

We consider a production-inventory problem in which the production rate can be continuously controlled in order to cope with random fluctuations in the demand. The demand process for a single product is a compound Poisson process. Excess demand is backlogged. Two production rates are available and the inventory level is continuously controlled by a switch-over rule characterized by two critical numbers. In accordance with common practice, we consider service measures such as the average number of stockouts per unit time and the fraction of demand to be met directly from stock on hand. The purpose of the paper is to derive practically useful approximations for the switch-over levels of the control rule such that a pre-specified value of the service level is achieved.
The bivariate Laguerre transform and its applications: numerical exploration of bivariate processes
Authors: Sumita Ushio , Kijima Masaaki
Published: April 2006

In the study of bivariate processes, one often encounters expressions involving repeated combinations of bivariate continuum operations such as multiple bivariate convolutions, marginal convolutions, tail integration, partial differentiation and multiplication by bivariate polynomials. In many cases numerical computation of such results is quite tedious and laborious. In this paper, the bivariate Laguerre transform is developed which provides a systematic numerical tool for evaluating such bivariate continuum operations. The formalism is an extension of the univariate Laguerre transform developed by Keilson and Nunn (1979), Keilson et al. (1981) and Keilson and Sumita (1981), using the product orthonormal basis generated from Laguerre functions. The power of the procedure is proven through numerical exploration of bivariate processes arising from correlated cumulative shock models.
Nearest neighbors and Voronoi volumes in high-dimensional point processes with various distance functions
Authors: Newman Charles M. , Rinott Yosef
Published: April 2006

Consider a Poisson point process of density 1 in Rd, centered so that the origin is one of the points. Using lv distances, 1≦p≦∞, define Nd as the number of other points which have the origin as their nearest neighbor and Vol Vd as the volume of the Voronoi region of the origin. We prove that Nd → Poisson (λ = 1) and Vol Vd → 1 in distribution as d →∞, thus extending previous results from the case p = 2. More generally, for a variety of exchangeable distributions for n + 1 points, e0, · ··, en, in Rd and a variety of distances, we obtain the asymptotic behavior of Ndn, the number of points which have e0 as their nearest neighbor, as n, d → ∞ in one or both of the possible iterated orders. The distributions treated include points distributed on the unit l2 sphere and the distances treated include non-lp distances related to correlation coefficients.
Relations for the workload of theGI/G/squeue
Authors: Hokstad Per
Published: April 2006

A relation between the distributions of the workload of an arbitrary server and the waiting time is obtained for aGI/G/squeue in steady state. An expression for the total workload of the system (total unprocessed work) is also found. Several well-known results emerge as special cases. Various useful relations, for instance bounds and approximations for the mean waiting time, are also given.
Interparticle correlation in death processes with application to variability in compartmental models
Authors: Ball Frank , Donnelly Peter
Published: April 2006

This paper is concerned with a pure death process, starting with N individuals, with death rates μ n, n = 1, 2, …, N. It is shown that the fates of distinct individuals are positively correlated if μ n/n decreases with n, and negatively correlated if μ n/n increases with n. The application of this result to the problem of variability in compartmental models is elaborated and in particular a conjecture of Faddy (1985) is settled. Further applications to well-known death processes are also briefly described.
Inspection and maintenance policies of devices subject to deterioration
Authors: Abdel-Hameed Mohamed
Published: April 2006

We determine the optimal inspection policy of a system subject to deterioration. The deterioration is assumed to be an increasing pure jump Markov process. The criteria used for optimality is the long-run average cost per unit of time.
The completion time of a job on multimode systems
Authors: Kulkarni V. G. , Nicola V. F. , Trivedi K. S.
Published: April 2006

In this paper we present a general model of the completion time of a single job on a computer system whose state changes according to a semi-Markov process with possibly infinite state-space. When the state of the system changes the job service is preempted. The job service is then resumed or restarted (with or without resampling) in the new state at, possibly, a different service rate. Different types of preemption disciplines are allowed in the model. Successive aggregation and transform techniques are used to obtain the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the job completion time. We specialize to the case of Markovian structure-state process. We demonstrate the use of the techniques developed here by means of two applications. In the first we derive the distribution of the response time in anM/M/1 queueing system under the processor-sharing discipline (PS). In the second we derive the distribution of the completion time of a job when executed on a system subject to mixed types of breakdowns and repair.
On the scheduling of alternative stochastic jobs on a single machine
Authors: Glazebrook K. D. , Fay N. A.
Published: April 2006

Standard models in stochastic resource allocation concern the economic processing of all jobs in some setJ. We consider a set up in which tasks in various subsets ofJare deemed to be alternative to one another, in that only one member of such a subset of alternative tasks will be completed during the evolution of the process. Existing stochastic scheduling methodology for single-machine problems is developed and extended to this novel class of models. A major area of application is in research planning.
Further insight into the structure of bold and timid policies
Authors: Johri Pravin K. , Katehakis Michael N.
Published: April 2006

A gambler repeatedly plays a game until either he becomes broke or his fortune becomes equal to or exceeds a target amount. The gambler is allowed to make multiple bets, i.e. stake integral amounts on different alternatives of the game, and more than one bet may win simultaneously. The objective is to determine a strategy that maximizes the probability of attaining the target amount. When all bets have the same gain and alternatives of betting exist such that the relevant plays are feasible, the following results are obtained. For unfavorable games, a bold type of policy is shown to be optimal. A timed type of policy is shown to be best within a restricted class of policies for favorable games. In general, optimal policies contain multiple bets. Based on a numerical example, this is established for roulette also.
The maximum of a Gaussian process whose mean path has a maximum, with an application to the strength of bundles of fibres
Authors: Daniels H. E.
Published: April 2006

Daniels and Skyrme (1985) derived the joint distribution of the maximum, and the time at which it is attained, of a Brownian path superimposed on a parabolic curve near its maximum. In the present paper the results are extended to include Gaussian processes which behave locally like Brownian motion, or a process transformable to it, near the maximum of the mean path. This enables a wider class of practical problems to be dealt with. The results are used to obtain the asymptotic distribution of breaking load and extension of a bundle of fibres which can admit random slack or plastic yield, as suggested by Phoenix and Taylor (1973). Simulations confirm the approximations reasonably well. The method requires consideration not only of a Brownian bridge but also of an analogous process with covariance functiont1(1 +t2),.
Insensitivity with age-dependent routing
Authors: Rumsewicz M. , Henderson W.
Published: April 2006

The theory of insensitivity is extended to include processes where some of the routing probabilities of the process are made dependent upon the length of time the generally distributed variables have been alive. Examples of such systems are given, including networks of queues with age-dependent routing.
Partial balance, insensitivity and weak coupling
Authors: Whittle P.
Published: April 2006

The idea is developed of imbedding a given Markov process in a more general Markov process in a definite sense, the sense of weak coupling. It is shown that this gives a natural theory of insensitivity in that, the stronger the balance conditions satisfied by the imbedded process, the weaker the conditions that are required of the imbedding process. The imbeddings associated with a range of balance conditions are discussed.
Markov processes whose steady state distribution is matrix-exponential with an application to theGI/PH/1 queue
Authors: Sengupta Bhaskar
Published: April 2006

This paper is concerned with a bivariate Markov process {Xt, Nt;t≧ 0} with a special structure. The processXtmay either increase linearly or have jump (downward) discontinuities. The processXttakes values in [0,∞) andNttakes a finite number of values. With these and additional assumptions, we show that the steady state joint probability distribution of {Xt, Nt;t≧ 0} has a matrix-exponential form. A rate matrixT(which is crucial in determining the joint distribution) is the solution of a non-linear matrix integral equation. The work in this paper is a continuous analog of matrix-geometric methods, which have gained widespread use of late. Using this theory, we present a new and considerably simplified characterization of the waiting time and queue length distributions in aGI/PH/1 queue. Finally, we show that the Markov process can be used to study an inventory system subject to seasonal fluctuations in supply and demand.
Persistent random walks may have arbitrarily large tails
Authors: Grey D. R.
Published: April 2006

We give a probabilistic proof of a result of Shepp, that a symmetric random walk may have jump size distribution with arbitrarily large tails and yet still be persistent.
Positive correlations in a three-node Jackson queueing network
Authors: Foley Robert D. , Kiessler Peter C.
Published: April 2006

We show for the three-node Jackson network studied in [3] that a customer’s sojourn times in nodes 1 and 3 are positively correlated. We actually prove a stronger result, that the two sojourn times are associated random variables. Our proof uses a stochastic ordering argument similar to that in [4].