bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DEEP LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR ROADS NETWORK DAMAGE ASSESSMENT USING POST-EARTHQUAKE LIDAR DATA
Authors: Seydi S. T. , Rastiveis H.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Roads network are the most important parts of urban infrastructures, which can cause difficulty to the city whenever they undergo a problem. This paper aims to provide and implement a deep learning-based method to determine the status of the streets network after an earthquake using LiDAR point cloud. The proposed framework composes of three main phases: (1) Deep features of LiDAR data are extracted using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). (2) The extracted features are used in a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network in which debris areas inside the road network are detected. (3) The amount of debris in each road is applied to damage index for classifying the road segments into blocked or un-blocked. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework, LiDAR point cloud of the Port-au-Prince, Haiti after the 2010 Haiti earthquake was used. The overall accuracy of more than 97% proved the high performance of this framework for debris detection. Moreover, analyzing damage assessment of 37 road segments based on the detected debris and comparing to a visually generated damaged map, 31 of the road segments were correctly labelled as either blocked or un-blocked.
TRANSFORMATION BASED ALGORITHMS FOR CHANGE DETECTION IN FULL POLARIMETRIC REMOTE SENSING IMAGES
Authors: Seydi S. T. , Shahhoseini R.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Thanks to the recent advances in the development of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors, this remote sensing field attracts many applications. Among the different applications of these data, change detection is one of the most important applications. PolSAR images, due to interactions between electromagnetic waves and the target, could be used to study changes in the Earth's surface. This paper is a type of transformation-based method for polarimetric change detection (CD) purpose. For this purpose, we use full polarimetry imaging radar and extracted 138 features based on decomposition. The CD methods are the principal component analysis (PCA), the Multivariate Alteration Detection (MAD), the Iteratively Reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (IR-MAD), the Covariance Equalization (CE), and the Cross-Covariance (CRC). Assessment of the incorporated methods performed using most common criteria as quantity and quality assessment, such as overall accuracy (OA), kappa coefficient, and as visual analysis. The results of the experiments show that CC has better performance compared with other algorithms.
DISCOVER POINTS OF INTEREST BASED ON USERS’ INTERNET SEARCHES THROUGH AN ONLINE SHOPPING WEBSITE
Authors: Shahriari Mehr G. , Delavar M. R. , Claramunt C. , Araabi B. N. , Dehaqani M. R. A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In recent years, the development of the Internet plays a significant role in human's daily activities. One of the most important effects of the Internet is the change in the process of shopping. The advent of online shopping leads to establish a new channel for customers to obtain information about their desired goods and demands. Although many customers collect information from online channel, they also wish to try and search for their required goods at the stores. Besides, discovering this data leads to a new source for spatial analysis to find the users’ interests. Therefore, we can consider this data as a contextual information source for spatial analysis or primary source for recommending points of interest (POIs). In this research, our aim is to discover a relation among the users' internet searches and the goods at the stores to recommend the best store to the users. Euclidean distance is used to calculate the similarity between users' searches and the available goods at the stores. The proposed method has been implemented in the city of Tehran, capital of Iran. The results show that the users’ internet search behavior plays an essential role in the recommendation system which provides stores to the users based on the similarity among the users’ internet searches and the available goods at the stores.
INVESTIGATING WATER STORAGE CHANGES IN IRAN USING GRACE AND CHIRPS DATA IN THE GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE SYSTEM
Authors: Shami S. , Ghorbani Z.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Water storage in regions with the weather hot and arid or semi-arid such as Iran have many uses. Including these water storage, can be referred to groundwater. Groundwater is one of the sources of sweet waters in the world, and one of the factors is economical and social development. Hence, monitoring its changes in water resources management is of great importance. On the other hand, precipitation is one of the factors directly affecting the water storage level and groundwater level changes. In this study, water storage changes with GRACE satellite data and total annual precipitation with CHIRPS data in the Google Earth Engine system investigated for Iran during 2003–2017. The results obtained from the GRACE satellite data indicate over 10 cm reducing of the water storage levels in Iran during the period between 2008 to 2017. Also, the chart obtained from the CHIRPS data for the total annual precipitation shows that the amount of rainfall since 2008 has decreased in this region.
REDUCTION OF INSAR DEM TROPOSPHERIC NOISE WITH GPS OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Sharifi A. , Hosseingholizadeh M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Signals are often intensively contaminated by atmospheric delays. The atmospheric conditions especially its water vapor content significantly varies in space and with time. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the atmospheric variations in order to mitigate these effects by appropriate means. In the topographic case, for high-resolution DEM generation, the errors may be decreased by choosing interferometric pairs with relatively long baselines, as the error magnitude is inversely dependent on the perpendicular component of the interferometer baseline. For InSAR DEM quality estimation against tropospheric corrected one, we use the GPS measurements to create the reference DEM in the region. The preliminary results show that the corrected DEM by the phase gradient method has the highest correlation with the ground-based observations and the InSAR DEM which is corrected by phase gradient stacking method for water vapor effect in the troposphere has the best accuracy, ranging from 0.07 ~ 5.81 m, while the InSAR original DEM has an accuracy of 0.29 ~ 14.62 m.
VALIDATION OF EXTRACTED ENDMEMBERS FROM HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES
Authors: Sharifi A. , Hosseingholizadeh M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. An essential step in the characterization of surface materials using hyperspectral image analysis is image classification using endmembers. Spectral unmixing is the best method for hyperspectral image classification. This method assumes that the pixel-topixel variability in scene results from varying proportions of spectral endmembers. Spectral endmembers can be derived from the imagery or measurements in the laboratory or field. The primary objective of this paper was to assess the ability of extracted endmembers against some different solutions for extraction of endmembers for hyperspectral image classification. In this paper, we compared the Pixel Purity Index (PPI) and the Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone (SMACC) as two popular methods of endmember extraction with library and field spectral. We used spectral information divergence for detection desirable endmembers from field spectral. For accuracy assessment of spectral mixture analysis and production of endmember abundance images for each of methods, the linear spectral unmixing algorithm is used. After a comparison between the results of these methods, it has been verified that field spectral have a better classification result in comparing with other endmember extraction methods. Also, the PPI has reliable results as an automatic endmember extraction method in comparing.
The Colombian National Police and the Politics of Crime Control Evaluations
Authors: León Kenneth Sebastian
Published: October 2019

The Colombian National Police inaugurated a comprehensive operational model in 2010. Informed by evidence-based law enforcement models from the Global North, the MNVCC, or the National Quadrant Policing Model, integrates core features of procedural justice, hotspots, problem-oriented and community policing strategies. Just under a decade old, empirical assessments of the model’s impact vary in quality and availability. While the Colombian National Police presents the model as a successful intervention, there is little consensus on the degree to which the MNVCC has affected crime rates or perceptions of insecurity. The core purpose of this paper is to offer insight into the political factors that enable this contradictory narrative. Relying on privileged access to high-level administrators inside the Colombian National Police and other institutions, this study explains how structural features of official crime data—with political incentives specific to the Colombian context—provide the basis for contradicting claims surrounding the MNVCC’s impact.
Unexpected death secondary to streptococcus salivarius endocarditis
Authors: Huston Butch M , Froloff Victor , Mills Kelly , McGee Michael
Published: October 2019

A 51-year old male with a medical history of chronic ethanol and tobacco use was complaining of difficulty breathing and was driven to the local emergency department where he was noted to be in respiratory distress.  The decedent had not seen a physician in over ten years.  The decedent was undergoing an ultrasound to evaluate for a lower extremity deep venous thrombosis when he arrested.  He was unable to be resuscitated.  An autopsy was performed.  The external examination revealed numerous petechial type hemorrhages of the skin with prominence of the arms and lower legs.  Internal examination revealed cardiomegaly (heart weight 720 grams) with left ventricular hypertrophy and prominent endocarditis of the mitral and aortic valves.   Infarcts were noted involving the right kidney and the spleen.  A postmortem blood culture grew Streptococcus salivarius in both the aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles.
The Determinants of the Stock Price Performance of Analyst Recommendations
Authors: Lin Yaling , Lee Liang-Chien , Chi Tsung-Li , Lo Chen-Chang , Chung Wai-Shen
Published: October 2019

This study examines the cross-sectional determinants of the price reaction to analysts’ recommendations disseminated through various type of media and for firms listed in Taiwan stock markets. We measure abnormal returns using the market model of event study. Based on the type of media (traditional media/social media) and the type of exchange (Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE)/Taipei Exchange (TPEx)), we classify the combined sample observations into four samples and run quantile regressions to investigate whether the relation will be uniform across various quantile levels. Our results show that the relation between firm characteristics and cumulative abnormal returns is not homogeneous across various quantiles of abnormal returns. Our evidence indicates that in general the relation tends to be stronger for firms at higher performance quantile levels and tends to be more pronounced for TWSE firms. The strongest relation is found for the Traditional/TWSE sample, where the abnormal returns are positively related to insider ownership and prior-period earnings, and negatively related to institutional shareholding and price-to-book ratio for firms in the highest abnormal performance quantile.
Services for Users with Disabilities in Joint Libraries in China
Authors: Zhao Xiaofen , Lin Li , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2019

China has a large population with disabilities. In China, there may be varieties of barriers for disabled users to access library resources and services. Joint libraries are a new type of libraries constructed by local government and one or more colleges (universities), playing a dual role as both academic library and public library. Therefore, the users of joint libraries include not only college students and teachers, but also other people from all walks of life. Undoubtedly, the resources and services of these joint libraries must be provided for all kinds of users. Since 1997, more than ten joint libraries have been constructed and opened in China. In this article, we first briefly discussed the causes for the barriers to users with disabilities in libraries. Second, taking joint libraries as a case, we focused on the services to remove barriers and to ensure information equity for disabled people. Provision of equal services for disadvantaged groups is an essential indicator of joint libraries. The present article may provide recommendations for the future sustainable development of joint libraries in China and other developing counties.
Studi Eksperimental Kemampuan Biosementasi Bakteri Lokal pada Tanah Pasir Lepas
Authors: Lim Aswin , Muhammad Dary Aulia , Lestari Anastasia Sri
Published: October 2019

Makalah berikut menyajikan hasil penelitian biosementasi menggunakan bakteri lokal yang hidup di tanah pasir lepas yang diambil dari kota Padang. Biosementasi adalah suatu metode perbaikan tanah dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan bakteri yang memang hidup di dalam tanah untuk menghasilkan enzim urease. Aplikasi dari biosementasi ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menurunkan potensi terjadinya likuifaksi akibat gempa karena kuat geser tanah akan meningkat drastis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan spesies bakteri dengan kemampuan urease yang diisolasi dari pasir Padang, menentukan kadar CaCO3 dari setiap sampel tersementasi, dan untuk menentukan kuat tekan bebas tanah setelah masa perlakuan. Bakteri urease positif dari tanah pasir Padang diisolasi dan ditumbuhkan dalam syringe 100 ml berisi tanah pasir Padang selama 4-6 hari. Hasil isolasi menunjukkan bahwa spesies bakteri teridentifikasi sebagai Sporosarcina sp.. Selama masa perlakuan, sampelsampel diberikan nutrisi setiap 12 jam sekali. Hasil pengujian menunjukan kadar CaCO3 yang terukur pada uji eksperimental adalah berkisar antara 23.4% hingga 45.8%. Sedangkan untuk nilai kuat tekan bebas (qu) tanah yang tersementasi berkisar diantara 150 kPa hingga diatas 500 kPa. Selanjutnya, keberadaan CaCO3 diobservasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope dan uji X-Ray Diffraction.This paper presents the experimental results of biocementation using a local bacteria which originally live in Padang loose sand. Biocementation is a soil improvement method using the microbial ability to produce urease enzyme. Biocementation method could be applied for reducing the liquefaction susceptibility because the soil shear strength would increase significantly. The objectives of this research are to identify the species of bacteria isolated from Padang sand, to determine the amount of CaCO3 of the cemented samples, and to determine the unconfined compressive strength (qu) of the samples after the treatment period. The bacteria which is isolated from Padang sand were grown in Padang sand in a 100 ml syringe for 4 "“ 6 days. The bacterial isolate of Padang sand was identified as Sporosarcina sp.. During the experimental work, the samples were given the nutrition for every 12 hours. The results indicate that the measured CaCO3 in the samples were in the range of 23.4% to 45.8%. In addition, the unconfined compressive strength was around 150 kPa to larger than 500 kPa. Furthermore, the existence of CaCO3 was proofed by observation using Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction test.
Desain dan Analisis Kehandalan Pipa Bawah Laut Pada Kondisi Instalasi Akibat Keacakan Tinggi Gelombang dan Kuat Leleh Baja
Authors: Ibrahim Andika Razandi , Paramashanti Paramashanti
Published: October 2019

Demi mencapai metoda distribusi migas yang efisien, pipa bawah laut harus didesain agar dapat memenuhi tujuan desain selama masa layan. Pada proses desain digunakan data deterministic berupa tinggi gelombang signifikan dan kuat leleh baja desain. Pada studi ini proses desain dilakukan sesuai dengan standar DNV OS F101 dan DNV RP E305 untuk pipa dengan diameter 32 inci. Pada kondisi aktual saat proses instalasi, pipa mengalami tegangan yang diakibatkan oleh gelombang acak. Serta nilai desain kuat leleh baja yang digunakan merupakan hasil pengolahan dari banyak data acak uji tarik sampel baja. Oleh karena itu dilakukan analisis kehandalan menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo untuk mengetahui efek dari keacakan tinggi gelombang dan kuat leleh baja terhadap tegangan yang terjadi disepanjang pipa. Simulasi Monte Carlo dilakukan sebanyak 100 simulasi untuk 3 (tiga) arah datang gelombang. Pada proses analisis kehandalan, pipa dianggap gagal apabila nilai tegangan total maksimum yang terjadi lebih besar atau sama dengan nilai kuat leleh. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi didapat kesimpulan bahwa pipa dinyatakan tidak handal karena memiliki nilai probabilitas kehandalan kurang dari 0.998. In order to achieve an efficient oil and gas distribution method, subsea pipelines must be designed to meet design goals during service life. In term of design process, deterministic data used in form of significant wave height and steel yield strength. In this study, the design process carried out according to DNV OS F101 and DNV RP E305 standards for pipeline with 32 inches outer diameter. In actual conditions during the installation process, tensions applied along the pipeline as effect from random waves. Also the design value of design steel yield strength is a result from many random tensile test value of steel samples. Therefore, reliability analysis carried out using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the effect of random wave heights and steel yield strengths on the stress occurred along pipeline. Monte Carlo simulation are carried out as many as 100 simulations for each of three wave headings. In reliability analysis, pipeline is considered fail if the maximum total stress that occurs is greater or equal to its yield strength. Based on the simulation results, pipeline considered unreliable due to its reliability probability value which is lower than 0.998.
Tinjauan Ulang Desain Bendung Pleret Terhadap Pengambilan Air Irigasi Saluran Induk Progomanggis Magelang
Authors: Sudarno S , Rahman Yudhana Priambodo
Published: October 2019

Bendung Pleret merupakan salah satu induk Saluran Progomanggis untuk keperluan irigasi Warga Magelang dan sekitarnya. Berdasarkan data dari Kantor PSDA Secang Magelang, bahwa Bendung Pleret mengalami penurunan dalam mensuplai air ke Saluran Manggis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan solusi kepada Dinas Pengairan setempat untuk dapat memperbaiki kinerja saluran Irigasi Manggis dengan cara meninggikan mercu Bendung Pleret dan menurunkan hulu sungai. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan di lapangan yang mengacu pada data -data Balai PSDA Secang, Kabupaten Magelang, air yang mengalir hanya memiliki debit 2,91 m3 / detik dari batas minimum 3 m3 /detik. Perhitungan terhadap guling dan geser pada saat air normal dan air banjir dinyatakan aman. Akan tetapi elevasi mercu bendung hanya 1,2 dari ketinggian hulu sungai dan tinggi mercu 3 m. Ketika mencapai maksimum tinggi muka air banjir hanya 2,06 m, sehingga pintu pengambilan kurang bekerja maksimal dan air yang masuk ke pengambilan saluran manggis menjadi kurang.Pleret weir is one of the main prosthromic ducts for irrigation purposes for residents of Magelang and its surroundings. Based on data from the Secang PSDA Office in Magelang, the Pleret weir has decreased in supplying water to the Mangosteen Channel. The purpose of this study was to provide a solution to the local Irrigation Service to be able to improve the performance of the Mangosteen Irrigation channel by raising the lighthouse of Pleret Dam and lowering the river up stream. Based on the results of calculations in the field that refer to data from the Secang PSDA office, Magelang Regency, the flowing water only has a flow of 2.91 m3 / s from the minimum limit of 3 m3 / s. Calculation of rolling and sliding when normal water and flood water is declared safe. However the dam elevation is only 1.2 from the height of the river up stream and the height of the lighthouse is 3 m. When reaching the maximum the flood water level is only 2.06 m, so the door to take is not working optimally and the water entering the mangosteen canal is less.
Produção Textual e leitura no contexto escolar
Authors: Fiorese Eliane
Published: October 2019

Education must happen with responsibility, because it requires from educator a constant dedication and improvement. We know the school environment may propitiate the development of efficient practices, which aims interaction of the person with the society, which it lives. In this article they settled down considerations on the reading and production text, aiming to establish the importance to these relations and to address a new one to look front to the educational process for the current day.
Análise do comportamento de um solo na presença do esgoto doméstico em vala de Infiltração
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior José Messias , Lins Eduardo Antonio Maia , Melo Daniele de Castro Pessoa de , Medeiros Jeane Emili de
Published: October 2019

A fonte de contaminação oriunda do esgoto domésticos para o solo e consequentemente para as águas subterrâneas é uma realidade atual. No Brasil, o sistema de tratamento primário do esgoto através de tanque sépticos com filtro anaeróbio e vala de infiltração atende uma grande parcela da população brasileira, conforme Relatório (ABES, 2015). Para tanto, realizou-se uma Sondagem a Percussão em 4 pontos determinados e 5 furos na área da vala de infiltração em profundidades de 0,50 metro e 1,00 metro. Foram realizados ensaios de permeabilidade in loco avaliando o valor da condutividade hidráulica, valores de granulometria, Índices de Plasticidade, Limites de Liquidez, Limites de Plasticidades, Demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, Demanda química de oxigênio, Concentração de Nitrato, concentração de Nitrito, amônia, coliforme totais e termotolerante e estimação ao longo do tempo do alcance da pluma contaminante do esgoto doméstico tratado no subsolo. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os parâmetros e estudos realizados constate-se que a carga de contaminação oriunda da amostra do Esgoto doméstico não atingem o nível do lençol freático, não gerando a propagação da contaminação. A utilização da própria vegetação com seu sistema radicular contribui para decrescer os níveis de Nitratos e Nitritos a patamares aceitáveis, de acordo com a Resolução do Conama 357 (BRASIL, 2005) e a matriz PEIR demostra que existe a possibilidade do Impacto ambiental alto, mas as respostas do sistema demostram que as características do meio mitigam esta possível contaminação.
Palavras-chave: Nitratos/Nitritos. Permeabilidade. Meio ambiente e PEIR
On diagonal quasi-free automorphisms of simple Cuntz-Krieger algebras
Authors: Barlak Selçuk , Szabó Gábor
Published: October 2019

We show that an outer action of a finite abelian group on a simple Cuntz-Krieger algebra is strongly approximately inner in the sense of Izumi if the action is given by diagonal quasi-free automorphisms and the associated matrix is aperiodic. This is achieved by an approximate cohomology vanishing-type argument for the canonical shift restricted to the relative commutant of the set of domain projections of the canonical generating isometries in the fixed point algebra.
Hardy inequalities for Landau Hamiltonian and for Baouendi-Grushin operator with Aharonov-Bohm type magnetic field. Part I
Authors: Laptev Ari , Ruzhansky Michael , Yessirkegenov Nurgissa
Published: October 2019

In this paper we prove the Hardy inequalities for the quadratic form of the Laplacian with the Landau Hamiltonian type magnetic field. Moreover, we obtain a Poincaré type inequality and inequalities with more general families of weights. Furthermore, we establish weighted Hardy inequalities for the quadratic form of the magnetic Baouendi-Grushin operator for the magnetic field of Aharonov-Bohm type. For these, we show refinements of the known Hardy inequalities for the Baouendi-Grushin operator involving radial derivatives in some of the variables. The corresponding uncertainty type principles are also obtained.
Approximation and interpolation of regular maps from affine varieties to algebraic manifolds
Authors: Lárusson Finnur , Truong Tuyen Trung
Published: October 2019

We consider the analogue for regular maps from affine varieties to suitable algebraic manifolds of Oka theory for holomorphic maps from Stein spaces to suitable complex manifolds. The goal is to understand when the obstructions to approximation or interpolation are purely topological. We propose a definition of an algebraic Oka property, which is stronger than the analytic Oka property. We review the known examples of algebraic manifolds satisfying the algebraic Oka property and add a new class of examples: smooth nondegenerate toric varieties. On the other hand, we show that the algebraic analogues of three of the central properties of analytic Oka theory fail for all compact manifolds and manifolds with a rational curve; in particular, for projective manifolds.
Free resolutions of Dynkin format and the licci property of grade $3$ perfect ideals
Authors: Christensen Lars Winther , Veliche Oana , Weyman Jerzy
Published: October 2019

Recent work on generic free resolutions of length $3$ attaches to every resolution a graph and suggests that resolutions whose associated graph is a Dynkin diagram are distinguished. We conjecture that in a regular local ring, every grade $3$ perfect ideal whose minimal free resolution is distinguished in this way is in the linkage class of a complete intersection.
A short note on Helmholtz decompositions for bounded domains in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Authors: Anjam Immanuel
Published: October 2019

In this short note we consider several widely used $\mathsf {L}^{2}$-orthogonal Helmholtz decompositions for bounded domains in $\mathbb {R}^3$. It is well known that one part of the decompositions is a subspace of the space of functions with zero mean. We refine this global property into a local equivalent: we show that functions from these spaces have zero mean in every subdomain of specific decompositions of the domain.

An application of the zero mean properties is presented for convex domains. We introduce a specialized Poincaré-type inequality, and estimate the related unknown constant from above. The upper bound is derived using the upper bound for the Poincaré constant proven by Payne and Weinberger. This is then used to obtain a small improvement of upper bounds of two Maxwell-type constants originally proven by Pauly.

Although the two dimensional case is not considered, all derived results can be repeated in $\mathbb {R}^2$ by similar calculations.
Arrow categories of monoidal model categories
Authors: White David , Yau Donald
Published: October 2019

We prove that the arrow category of a monoidal model category, equipped with the pushout product monoidal structure and the projective model structure, is a monoidal model category. This answers a question posed by Mark Hovey, in the course of his work on Smith ideals. As a corollary, we prove that the projective model structure in cubical homotopy theory is a monoidal model structure. As illustrations we include numerous examples of non-cofibrantly generated monoidal model categories, including chain complexes, small categories, pro-categories, and topological spaces.
The Cuntz-Pimsner extension and mapping cone exact sequences
Authors: Arici Francesca , Rennie Adam
Published: October 2019

For Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of bi-Hilbertian bimodules with finite Jones-Watatani index satisfying some side conditions, we give an explicit isomorphism between the $K$-theory exact sequences of the mapping cone of the inclusion of the coefficient algebra into a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, and the Cuntz-Pimsner exact sequence. In the process we extend some results by the second author and collaborators from finite projective bimodules to certain finite index bimodules, and also clarify some aspects of Pimsner's `extension of scalars' construction.
Is it Possible to Detect a Rotating Spherical Colloidal Particle?
Authors: Emile Olivier , Emile Janine
Published: December 2024

A single micrometer‐size spherical colloid has been set in rotation by transfer of light orbital angular momentum. This particle is floating at an air–water interface. Steady‐state rotational frequencies of the order of one hertz have been observed, depending on the topological charge of the beam and on its power, in agreement with expected values. The detection is performed using the rotational Doppler shift of the diffused light. Two time constants have been evidenced in the rotational velocity dynamics. The first one is related to the friction of the colloid with the fluid (air and water), whereas the other one is principally associated with the wall friction of the air–liquid interface with the container. This measurement technique makes it possible to identify dynamic parameters of the rotational movement of any spherical object, which is usually impossible to detect.
Switchable Adhesion of Hydrogels to Plant and Animal Tissues
Authors: Borden Leah K. , Nader Morine G. , Burni Faraz A. , Grasso Samantha M. , Orueta‐Ortega Irene , Srivastava Mahima , Montero‐Atienza Paula , Erdi Metecan , Wright Sarah L. , Sarkar Rajabrata , Sandler Anthony D. , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: December 2024

The ability to “switch on” adhesion between a thin hydrogel and a biological tissue can be useful in biomedical applications such as surgery. One way to accomplish this is with an electric field, a phenomenon termed electroadhesion (EA). Here, it is shown that cationic gels can be adhered by EA to tissues across all of biology. This includes tissues from animals, including humans and other mammals; birds; fish; reptiles (e.g., lizards); amphibians (e.g., frogs), and invertebrates (e.g., shrimp, worms). Gels can also be adhered to soft tissues from plants, including fruit (e.g., plums) and vegetables (e.g; carrot). In all cases, EA is induced by a low electric field (DC, 10 V) applied for a short time (20 s). After the field is removed, the adhesion persists. The adhesion can also be reversed by applying the field with opposite polarity. In mammals, EA is strong for many tissues (e.g., arteries, muscles, and cornea), but not others (e.g., adipose, brain). Tissues with anisotropic structure show anisotropic adhesion strength by EA. The higher the concentration of anionic polymers in a tissue, the stronger its adhesion to cationic gels. This underscores that EA is mediated by the electrophoresis of chain segments across the gel‐tissue interface.
Temporally resolved concentration profiling via computationally limited, distributed sensor nodes
Authors: Manion Matthew Lee , Doctor Joshua , Liu Albert Tianxiang
Published: December 2024

Accurate mapping of chemical concentrations in reactor networks remains an obstacle to establish complete systems‐level insight and control. This issue extends beyond traditional reactor design to biological and other inaccessible systems of interest. Recent developments in novel materials with non‐volatile memory allow autonomous sensor nodes to record information with minimal external supervision. Integrating these materials in solution suspended particles demonstrates the unique potential for diffuse measurements of chemical data at the microscale. In this study, we establish a generalized workflow for the simulated deployment of time aware particle sensors (TAPS) in ideal reactor systems to measure analyte profiles, using Gillespie kinetic Monte Carlo algorithms (KMC). Our results show that computationally‐limited, chemically sensitive tracer particles capable of timestamping an analyte detection event can provide accurate analyte profiles throughout multistage reactors in an ensemble fashion.
Inhibition of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Prevents Tau Pathology in iPSC Derived Neurons and PS19 Mice
Authors: Affaneh Amira , Linden Anne K. , Tunc‐Ozcan Elif , Tsai Yung‐Hsu , Peng Chian‐Yu , Kessler John A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Many neurodegenerative disorders share a common pathologic feature involving the deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain (tauopathies). This suggests that there may be some shared pathophysiologic mechanism(s). The largest risk factor for the majority of these disorders is aging, suggesting involvement of the aging process in the shared pathophysiology. We test the hypothesis that an increase in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling that occurs during aging contributes to the onset and progression of tauopathies.

Methods

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were used to investigate the effects of BMP signaling on tau phosphorylation and release and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Wildtype mice were used to examine effects of BMP signaling in vivo. P301S (PS19) mice were examined for the effects of BMP signaling in a model of tauopathy.

Results

Here, we show that BMP signaling, mediated by non‐canonical p38 signaling, increases tau phosphorylation and release of p‐tau in human iPSC‐derived AD neurons. Further, there is an interaction between BMP signaling and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) that significantly increases tau phosphorylation and release compared with ApoE3 neurons. Inhibiting BMP signaling reduces the changes in tau in the cultured human neurons, and it limits tau pathology and prevents cognitive decline in PS19 mice.

Interpretation

Our study suggests that the age‐related increase in BMP signaling may participate in the onset and progression of tau pathology. Thus, therapeutic interventions that reduce BMP signaling in the aging brain could potentially slow or prevent development of diseases involving tau hyperphosphorylation. ANN NEUROL 2024
Integrative Molekulardynamiksimulationen entwirren cross‐linking Daten und zeigen Verteilungen von mitochondrialen Proteinen
Authors: Schuhmann Fabian , Akkaya Kerem Can , Puchkov Dmytro , Hohensee Svea , Lehmann Martin , Liu Fan , Pezeshkian Weria
Published: December 2024

Durch Cross‐Linking‐Massenspektrometrie (XL‐MS) wird die Quantifizierung von Protein‐Protein‐Interaktionen auf zellulärer Ebene ermöglicht. Werden alle Teile eines Mitrochondrions analysiert, kann die schiere Anzahl der Verbindungen eine einfache Clusteranalyse unübersichtlich und uninformatif machen. Um diesem Hindernis zu begegnen, verbinden wir die XL‐MS‐Daten, Daten aus der 3D‐Elektronenmikroskopiedaten und Lokalisierungsannotationen mit einer grobkörnige Molekulardynamiksimulation. Auf diese Weise lassen sich alle Daten sortieren und die Cluster besser zugänglich und interpretierbar machen. Im Falle von Mitochondrien identifiziert diese Methode mit Hilfe von insgesamt 6,9 Millisekunden langen Simulationen erfolgreich bekannte und unbekannte Proteincluster und zeigt die Verteilung der inneren mitochondrialen Membranproteine auf, was eine genauere Lokalisierung innerhalb der einzelnen Segmente ermöglicht. Unser integrativer Ansatz legt nahe, dass zwei bisher nicht eindeutig lokalisierte Proteine FAM162A und TMEM126A in der Cristae angesiedelt sind. Dies wird durch hochauflösende Mikroskopie bestätigt. Zusammengenommen, zeigt dies das große Potenzial des vorgestellten Ansatzes.
A Highly Active Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst with Dynamic Carbon Flux for Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Zhang Mengtao , Zhu Yuchen , Yan Jie , Xie Junzhong , Yu Tao , Peng Mi , Zhao Jiayun , Xu Yao , Li Aowen , Jia ChunJiang , He Lin , Wang Meng , Zhou Wu , Wang Rongming , Jiang Hong , Shi Chuan , Rodriguez Jose , Ma Ding
Published: December 2024

Molybdenum carbide has been reported as an efficient and stable catalyst for reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The conventional understanding of the mechanism suggests domination of the surface phenomena, with only surface or subsurface layers partaking in the catalytic cycle. In this study, we presented a highly active MoC catalyst from carburization process, which showed a mass‐specific reaction rate over 260 μm
with dynamic carbon flux in the bulk phase of the catalyst. Through Isotopic Temperature‐Programmed Reaction (ITPR) analysis and Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM), we discerned dynamic carbon flow circulating between the α‐MoC bulk phase and the gas phase reactants under the RWGS reaction atmosphere. This circulation, essential to maintaining the structural stability of the metastable α‐MoC and its ultra‐high reactivity, is accompanied by thorough carbon component exchange among the bulk, the surface and the gas‐phase reactants during the reaction process.
Heterochiral Self‐Discrimination Driven Dimerization of Polynuclear Gold(I)‐Sulfido Complexes with Enhanced Phosphorescence
Authors: Yan Liang‐Liang , Chen Ziyong , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: December 2024

Decanuclear chiral gold(I) sulfido clusters (SSDP‐Au10 and RSDP‐Au10) have been assembled by taking advantage of the judiciously selected SDP ligands (SDP = 7,7′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐spirobiindane). Interestingly, an achiral heterodimer icosanuclear meso‐cluster (mesoSDP‐Au20) has been obtained by simply mixing SSDP‐Au10 and RSDP‐Au10 in a 1:1 ratio. These gold(I) complexes have been found to display intense near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence with an emission maximum at around 750 nm in the solid state. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of mesoSDP‐Au20 in drop‐cast solid‐state thin film has been found to show a significant enhancement from 8 % in the SSDP‐Au10 and RSDP‐Au10 to 25 %. In addition, the dimerization process with heterochiral self‐discrimination has been found to be sensitive to the solvent polarity and configuration of the diphosphine ligand. This work has provided a platform for the investigation and mechanistic understanding of heterochiral self‐sorting and assembly processes.
Integrative Molecular Dynamics Simulations Untangle Cross‐Linking Data to Unveil Mitochondrial Protein Distributions
Authors: Schuhmann Fabian , Akkaya Kerem Can , Puchkov Dmytro , Hohensee Svea , Lehmann Martin , Liu Fan , Pezeshkian Weria
Published: December 2024

Cross‐linking mass spectrometry (XL‐MS) enables the mapping of protein‐protein interactions on the cellular level. When applied to all compartments of mitochondria, the sheer number of cross‐links and connections can be overwhelming, rendering simple cluster analyses convoluted and uninformative. To address this limitation, we integrate the XL‐MS data, 3D electron microscopy data, and localization annotations with a supra coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulation to sort all data, making clusters more accessible and interpretable. In the context of mitochondria, this method, through a total of 6.9 milliseconds of simulations, successfully identifies known, suggests unknown protein clusters, and reveals the distribution of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins allowing a more precise localization within compartments. Our integrative approach suggests, that two so‐far ambigiously placed proteins FAM162A and TMEM126A are localized in the cristae, which is validated through super resolution microscopy. Together, this demonstrates the strong potential of the presented approach.
Cell‐Specific Control of Mammalian Gene Expression Using DNA Repair Inducible Ribozyme Switches
Authors: Hong Jieling , Jiang Zhen , Wu Zhenkun , Jiang Jian‐Hui
Published: December 2024

The ability to control gene expression is vital for elucidating gene functions and developing next‐generation therapeutics. Current techniques are challenged by the lack of cell‐specific control designs or immunogenicity risk from foreign proteins. We develop a DNA repair inducible ribozyme switch that enables cell‐specific control of gene expression in cells and in vivo. This strategy designs plasmids with a DNA lesion (8‐oxoG and O6‐MeG) site‐specifically installed within the ribozyme encoding region, generating active hammerhead ribozyme for mRNA degradation due to transcriptional mutagenesis, whereas DNA repair yields a single‐base mismatch in the ribozyme to abrogate its activity. This strategy is demonstrated to allow specific control of gene expression in cancer cells with overexpressed DNA repair enzymes such as MutY DNA glycosylase and O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferases. It also shows the capability of conditionally regulating the expression of different proteins for signal reporting and gene editing, enabling DNA repair monitoring and targeted gene therapy in cancer cells. This strategy is demonstrated using the inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system for in vivo editing of oncogenic Polo‐like kinase 1 in a mouse model, resulting in significant tumor growth suppression. The DNA repair inducible ribozyme switch may provide a compact system for cell‐specific gene expression control toward precise gene therapy.
Radial Metallicity Gradients for the Chemically Selected Galactic Thin Disc Main‐Sequence Stars
Authors: Akbaba F. , Ak T. , Bilir S. , Plevne O. , Önal Taş Ö. , Seabroke G. M.
Published: December 2024

We present the radial metallicity gradients within the Galactic thin disc population through main‐sequence stars selected on the chemical plane using GALAH DR3 accompanied with Gaia DR3 astrometric data. The [Fe/H], [/Fe] and [Mg/H] radial gradients are estimated for guiding radius as , , dex kpc and for the traceback early orbital radius as , , dex kpc for 66,545 thin‐disc stars, respectively. Alteration of the chemical structure within the Galactic disc caused by the radial orbital variations complicates results for the radial metallicity gradient. The effect of radial orbital variations on the metallicity gradients as a function on time indicates the following results: (i) The presence of a gradient along the disc throughout the time for which the model provides similar prediction, (ii) the radial orbital variations becomes more pronounced with the age of the stellar population and (iii) the effect of radial orbital variations on the metallicity gradients is minimal. The effect of radial orbital variations is found to be at most 6% which does not statistically affect the radial gradient results. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the chemical evolution within the Galactic disc and provide an important basis for further research.
Remote monitoring of social attention in neurogenetic syndromes and idiopathic neurodevelopmental disability
Authors: Frazier Thomas W. , Busch Robyn M. , Klaas Patricia , Lachlan Katherine , Jeste Shafali , Kolevzon Alexander , Loth Eva , Harris Jacqueline , Pepper Tom , Anthony Kristin , Graglia J. Michael , Helde Kathryn , Delagrammatikas Christal , Bedrosian‐Sermone Sandra , Smith‐Hicks Constance , Sahin Mustafa , Youngstrom Eric A. , Eng Charis , Chetcuti Lacey , Hardan Antonio Y. , Uljarevic Mirko
Published: December 2024

Social attention is a key aspect of neurodevelopment and is significantly altered in neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes and many individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The primary aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of webcam‐collected social attention measurements, including four new specific aspects of social attention, in three genetic syndromes (PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome—PHTS; Malan Syndrome—NFIX; and SYNGAP1‐related disorder—SYNGAP1), a mixed group of other neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes (Other NDGS), and individuals with a range of idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). The secondary aim was to evaluate the construct validity of these social attention measurements, including evaluating known‐groups validity across study groups and concurrent validity for separating ASD and non‐ASD cases. Participants (N = 467, age 3–45; PHTS n = 102, NFIX n = 23, SYNGAP1 n = 42, other NDGS n = 63, idiopathic NDD n = 53, neurotypical siblings n = 71, and unrelated neurotypical controls n = 113) completed a 4‐min online‐administered social attention paradigm that includes a variety of distinct stimuli at three timepoints (baseline, 1‐month, and 4‐month follow‐up). Social attention measures had good scale and test–retest reliability, with the exception of measures of non‐social preference and face‐specific processing. Unique patterns of social attention emerged across study groups, with near neurotypical levels in PHTS and weaker social attention in NFIX and SYNGAP1 relative to controls. Global social attention had good accuracy in detecting ASD within NDGS participants. Remote monitoring social attention, including distinct aspects of social attention, may be useful for characterizing phenotypic profiles and tracking the natural history of distinct NDGS and idiopathic NDD as well as identifying ASD within NDGS. Given their reproducibility and stability, global social attention and several distinct social attention measures may be useful outcomes for future clinical trials.
Feasibility of Fish Oil Supplementation on Headache Symptoms and Blood Lipids in Migraine Patients
Authors: Yeh En‐Ling , Yang Chun‐Pai , Lin Shu‐Wen , Wang Hsueh‐Fang
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Migraine is a chronic, recurring, and disabling disease. Fish oil intervention was used to investigate its effects on headache symptoms and blood lipids of migraine patients.

Design

All subjects were collected at the Kuang Tian General Hospital from March 2020 to May 2021. Experimental group subjects took 1 g/time of fish oil (including EPA 900 mg/tablet) after breakfast and dinner. Placebo group subjects took 100% soybean oil twice daily. Before and after the test, the migraine improvement questionnaire was used to analyze headaches during attacks, dietary intake, and headache triggers.

Results

The average age of the 47 subjects in this study was 40.3 ± 9.2 years old, the body mass index (BMI) was 24.3 ± 6.0 kg/m2. At Week 12, subjects in the fish oil group were significantly improved relative to the control group (p < 0.05). Blood lipid indexes TC, LDL‐C, and TG were reduced, and the frequency, duration, and pain degree of migraine.

Conclusion

Fish oil may be used as an adjunctive therapeutic food for relieving migraine attack symptoms and blood lipids.
Exploring the Causal Relationship Between Inflammatory Cytokines and MRI‐Derived Brain Iron: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wu Zhounan , Xu Wantong , Wang Xuemei , Peng Dan , Jiang Zhongbiao
Published: December 2024

Background

The association between inflammation and brain iron deposition is widely acknowledged. However, the precise causal impact of peripheral inflammatory cytokines on changes in brain iron content remains uncertain.

Methods

The study utilized an available genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary associated with inflammatory cytokines from The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and the FINRISK surveys. The GWAS data for brain iron markers were obtained from the UK Biobank. We assessed the iron content of each brain region using susceptibility‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, utilizing both quantitative susceptibility mapping and T2* measurements. The primary outcomes were susceptibility (χ) and T2*, which serve as indices of iron deposition. To investigate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome, we primarily employed inverse variance weighting, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods, collectively enhancing the robustness of our results.

Results

The results of MR analyses demonstrate that our study unveiled that nerve growth factor‐β, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were associated with elevated brain iron content in the regions of left hippocampus, putamen, left thalamus, right pallidum, right hippocampus, left amygdala, respectively. Furthermore, our investigation provides evidence for a negative relationship between IL‐1, IL‐17, monocyte chemotactic protein‐3, tumor necrosis factor‐β, and brain iron content in distinct regions.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a causal association between circulating inflammatory cytokines and brain iron deposition across various brain regions. This provides new insights into the immunopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and potential preventive strategies targeting iron metabolism.