bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Proteome at Asexual Blood Stages for Screening of Effective Vaccine Candidates: An Immunoinformatics Approach
Authors: Singh Satarudra Prakash , Verma Vishal , Mishra Bhartendu Nath
Published: June 2015

Malaria is a complex parasitic disease that is currently causing great concerns globally owing to the resistance to antimalarial drugs and lack of an effective vaccine. The present study involves the characterization of extracellular secretory proteins as vaccine candidates derived from proteome analysis of Plasmodium falciparum at asexual blood stages of malaria. Among the screened 32 proteins, 31 were predicted as antigens by the VaxiJen program, and 26 proteins had less than two transmembrane spanning regions predicted using the THMMM program. Moreover, 10 and 5 proteins were predicted to contain secretory signals by SignalP and TargetP, respectively. T-cell epitope prediction using MULTIPRED2 and NetCTL programs revealed that most of the predicted antigens are immunogenic and contain more than 10% supertype and 5% promiscuous epitopes of HLA-A, -B, or -DR. We anticipate that T-cell immune responses against asexual blood stages of Plasmodium are dispersed on a relatively large number of parasite antigens. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, offering new insights, at the proteome level, for the putative screening of effective vaccine candidates against the malaria pathogen. The findings also suggest new ways forward for the modern omics-guided vaccine target discovery using reverse vaccinology.
Studies of Ancient Lice Reveal Unsuspected Past Migrations of Vectors
Authors: Drali Rezak , Mumcuoglu Kosta Y. , Yesilyurt Gonca , Raoult Didier
Published: June 2015

Lice are among the oldest parasites of humans representing an excellent marker of the evolution and migration of our species over time. Here, we analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) developed in this study the mitochondrial DNA of seven ancient head louse eggs found on hair remains recovered from two sites in Israel: 1) five nits dating from Chalcolithic period (4,000 bc) were found in the Cave of the Treasure located at Nahal Mishmar, in the Judean Desert and 2) two nits dating from Early Islamic Period (ad 650–810) were found in Nahal Omer in the Arava Valley (between Dead Sea and Red Sea). Our results suggest that these eggs belonged to people originating from west Africa based on identification of the louse mitochondrial sub-clade specific to that region.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Safety and Immunogenicity of the Killed, Bivalent, Whole-Cell Oral Cholera Vaccine in Ethiopia
Authors: Desai Sachin N. , Akalu Zenebe , Teshome Samuel , Teferi Mekonnen , Yamuah Lawrence , Kim Deok Ryun , Yang Jae Seung , Hussein Jemal , Park Ju Yeong , Jang Mi Seon , Mesganaw Chalachew , Taye Hawult , Beyene Demissew , Bedru Ahmed , Singh Ajit Pal , Wierzba Thomas F. , Aseffa Abraham
Published: June 2015

Killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (OCV) has been a key component of a comprehensive package including water and sanitation measures for recent cholera epidemics. The vaccine, given in a two-dose regimen, has been evaluated in a large number of human volunteers in India, Vietnam, and Bangladesh, where it has demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy. We conducted a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in Ethiopia, where we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in 216 healthy adults and children. OCV was found to be safe and elicited a robust immunological response against Vibrio cholerae O1, with 81% adults and 77% children demonstrating seroconversion 14 days after the second dose of vaccine. This is the first study to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in a population outside Asia using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study design.
Analysis of Malaria Epidemiological Characteristics in the People's Republic of China, 2004–2013
Authors: Feng Jun , Xiao Huihui , Xia Zhigui , Zhang Li , Xiao Ning
Published: June 2015

This study aims to explore and characterize the malaria-endemic situation and trends from 2004 to 2013, to provide useful evidence for subsequently more effective strategic planning of malaria elimination in China. A total of 256,179 confirmed malaria cases were recorded in this period, and 86.8% of them were reported during 2004–2008. Between 2004 and 2008, Plasmodium vivax was the major species (72.2%) of malaria parasite. Most cases (67.3%) were found in male, and mainly in the age group of 35–39 years. A total of 236 deaths resulting from malaria were reported and nearly half (45.3%) of them were in Yunnan province. In all, 204,760 local malaria (79.9%) and 51,419 imported malaria (20.1%) were observed during 2004–2013. However, afterward the proportion of imported malaria continuously increased from 2004 (16.2%) to 2013 (97.9%). Moreover, 9,285 imported malaria cases were recorded during 2011–2013 in China, of which 5,976 cases (64.4%) came back from Africa. Overall, China has made achievements in controlling malaria, the locally transmitted malaria significantly declined in the past decades, by which the incidence has achieved historically the lowest levels. On the other hand, imported malaria has increasingly become a severe threat to malaria elimination. Therefore, to prevent the reintroduction of malaria, surveillance systems need to be well planned and managed to ensure timely case detection and prompt response at the elimination stage.
High Prevalence of Mansonella perstans Filariasis in Rural Senegal
Authors: Bassene Hubert , Sambou Masse , Fenollar Florence , Clarke Siân , Djiba Sawdiatou , Mourembou Gaël , L. Y. Alioune Badara , Raoult Didier , Mediannikov Oleg
Published: June 2015

Large parts of African and American countries are colonized by Mansonella, a very common but poorly described filarial nematode. Bloodsucking flies of the genus Culicoides are suspected to be the vector of Mansonella perstans, but no study in Senegal has confirmed that Culicoides can transmit the parasite. Designed specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can be used to identify microfilaria in stained blood smears. This study was performed in July and December 2010 in the southeastern Senegal, which is known to be endemic for M. perstans. We analyzed 297 blood smears from febrile and afebrile resident people by qPCR. The global prevalence of M. perstans was approximately 14.5% in both febrile and afebrile individuals. The age group of > 30 years had the highest prevalence (22.0%). No Culicoides among 1,159 studied specimens was positive for M. perstans and its vector in Senegal still requires identification.
Rhodnius prolixus Life History Outcomes Differ when Infected with Different Trypanosoma cruzi I Strains
Authors: Peterson Jennifer K. , Graham Andrea L. , Dobson Andrew P. , Chávez Omar Triana
Published: June 2015

The effect of a parasite on the life history of its vector is important for understanding and predicting disease transmission. Chagas disease agent Trypanosoma cruzi is a generalist parasite that is diverse across scales from its genetic diversity to the 100s of mammal and vector species it infects. Its vertebrate hosts show quite variable responses to infection, however, to date there are no studies looking at how T. cruzi variability might result in variable outcomes in its invertebrate host. Therefore, we investigated the effect of different T. cruzi I strains on Rhodnius prolixus survival and development. We found significant variation between insects infected with different strains, with some strains having no effect, as compared with uninfected insects, and others with significantly lower survival and development. We also found that different variables had varying importance between strains, with the effect of time postinfection and the blood:weight ratio of the infective meal significantly affecting the survival of insects infected with some strains, but not others. Our results suggest that T. cruzi can be pathogenic not only to its vertebrate hosts but also to its invertebrate hosts.
Editorial
Authors: Brown Alison
Published: June 2015

Editorial by Alison Brown.
Governance lessons from public-private partnerships: examining two cases in the Greater Ottawa Region
Authors: Zaato Joshua Jebuntie , Hudon Pierre-André
Published: June 2015

This paper is concerned with studying the administrative and democratic effects of PPP procurement involved in the realisation of two PPP projects in the Greater Ottawa region: Gatineau’s Robert-Guertin Arena and Ottawa’s Lansdowne Park. First, we review the theory regarding PPPs and democratic municipal governance. Second, we propose a normative framework of good governance in the municipal sector, tailor-made to infrastructure matters. Third, we critically analyze the decision-making process and contractual agreements of both projects in order to identify key issues regarding infrastructure PPPs in municipalities. We conclude by drawing lessons from the analysis of the two projects and discussing the potential implications of our findings.
Decentralised governance and planning in India: case study of a tribal district
Authors: Mohapatra Bushnu Prasad
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the process of the formulation of decentralised planning in the Tribal regions of Odisha, a state located in eastern part of India, while examining the powers devolved to the local governments in such regions in the state to formulate plan, and the ground reality of the preparation of such plans in the context of the implementation of the Provisions of Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA Act). Formulation of decentralised planning in Odisha was taken up in the year 2008. However, based on the secondary data and interacting with the various people in field, the paper has revealed that “structural impediments” and “functional incapacity” of the local governments in the Scheduled Areas have hampered the spirit of such institutions with regard to the planning and implementation of the development programs. The paper argues that decentralised plans should be realistic, based on the effective utilisation of local resources, and the local development issues should be prioritised and implemented accordingly. The paper suggests policy measures such as effective participation, prioritisation of development needs, and rationalisation of the required and available funds, considering the significance of the PESA Act. While doing so, the issues of the tribals should receive priority.
Involving the third sector in local service delivery in Bangladesh: Why and how?
Authors: Islam Shahriar
Published: June 2015

The rise of involuntary and non-government efforts to deliver services in Bangladesh has opened the way for local government units to involve many community and voluntary organisations (CVOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs)– collectively described as the ‘third sector’ – in delivering local services. This article attempts to set out how the third sector can be incorporated into the stream of local service delivery. It analyses the rationale behind the engagement of the third sector in this area. It also looks at suitable mechanisms to enable local government institutions (LGIs) and third sector organisations to meet community objectives seamlessly, transparently and fairly. During the last two decades or so, many third sector organisations have collaborated with public sector organisations including LGIs regardless of any specific long term strategies. To involve the third sector in local service delivery there should be some clear cut standard procedures, strategies including commissioning, partnership, competitive contracting and co-production. The article concludes that, given the current situation of LGIs in Bangladesh, only co-production is a suitable mechanism for incorporating the third sector into local service delivery.
ICT-based reforms in local government decision-making in the gram panchayats of Kerala
Authors: Thottunkel Alex K , Kuppathanath Sibi Varghese
Published: June 2015

The beneficial impact of computerisation can be felt in all elements that contribute to decision-making in panchayats in the state of Kerala. However, even though computerisation is bringing about immense improvements compared to traditional administrative practices, but scope still remains for further improvement. Instead of the 'as it is' computerisation that is mostly carried out a process based approach is needed.
A comparison of overshoot modelling with observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes at radar frequencies of 56 and 224 MHz
Authors: Havnes O. , Pinedo H. , La Hoz C. , Senior A. , Hartquist T. W. , Rietveld M. T. , Kosch M. J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We have compared radar observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) modulated by artificial electron heating, at frequencies of 224 MHz (EISCAT VHF) and 56 MHz (MORRO). We have concentrated on 1 day of observation, lasting ~ 3.8 h. The MORRO radar, with its much wider beam, observes one or more PMSE layers all the time while the VHF radar observes PMSEs in 69% of the time. Statistically there is a clear difference between how the MORRO and the VHF radar backscatter reacts to the heater cycling (48 s heater on and 168 s heater off). While MORRO often reacts by having its backscatter level increased when the heater is switched on, as predicted by Scales and Chen (2008), the VHF radar nearly always sees the "normal" VHF overshoot behaviour with an initial rapid reduction of backscatter. However, in some heater cycles we do see a substantial recovery of the VHF backscatter after its initial reduction to levels several times above that just before the heater was switched on. For the MORRO radar a recovery during the heater-on phase is much more common. The reaction when the heater was switched off was a clear overshoot for nearly all VHF cases but less so for MORRO. A comparison of individual curves for the backscatter values as a function of time shows, at least for this particular day, that in high layers above ~ 85 km height, both radars see a reduction of the backscatter as the heater is switched on, with little recovery during the heater-on time. These variations are well described by present models. On the other hand, the backscatter in low layers at 81–82 km can be quite different, with modest or no reduction in backscatter as the heater is switched on, followed by a strong recovery for both radars to levels several times above that of the undisturbed PMSEs. This simultaneous, nearly identical behaviour at the two very different radar frequencies is not well described by present modelling.
Early development of the nervous system of the eutherian Tupaia belangeri
Authors: Knabe W. , Washausen S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The longstanding debate on the taxonomic status of Tupaia belangeri (Tupaiidae, Scandentia, Mammalia) has persisted in times of molecular biology and genetics. But way beyond that Tupaia belangeri has turned out to be a valuable and widely accepted animal model for studies in neurobiology, stress research, and virology, among other topics. It is thus a privilege to have the opportunity to provide an overview on selected aspects of neural development and neuroanatomy in Tupaia belangeri on the occasion of this special issue dedicated to Hans-Jürg Kuhn. Firstly, emphasis will be given to the optic system. We report rather "unconventional" findings on the morphogenesis of photoreceptor cells, and on the presence of capillary-contacting neurons in the tree shrew retina. Thereafter, network formation among directionally selective retinal neurons and optic chiasm development are discussed. We then address the main and accessory olfactory systems, the terminal nerve, the pituitary gland, and the cerebellum of Tupaia belangeri. Finally, we demonstrate how innovative 3-D reconstruction techniques helped to decipher and interpret so-far-undescribed, strictly spatiotemporally regulated waves of apoptosis and proliferation which pass through the early developing forebrain and eyes, midbrain and hindbrain, and through the panplacodal primordium which gives rise to all ectodermal placodes. Based on examples, this paper additionally wants to show how findings gained from the reported projects have influenced current neuroembryological and, at least partly, medical research.
Lėlių teatro technikų taikymo ergoterapeuto darbe patyrimas
Authors: Burneikaitė Salomėja
Published: June 2015

The article acquaints with the practice of creating textile puppets, purposefully used at the work of occupation therapist. It is one of the application technique of puppet therapy. The work is based on the experience of extramural students of Continuing Studies Institute of Klaipeda University while doing assignments on intern-ship locations for the subject of expressive psychotherapy method. The analysis of the works observing and comparing how creation of textile puppets impact the state of patients during the process of rehabilitation, completed by the students of occupation therapy, is presented.The creation of a puppet as a spiritualized object from the textile materials helps to enter into and maintain long-term contact with a patient. This activity stimulates emotions, grants the possibility to a patient to express oneself, enter into conversation, and the occupation therapist receives delicate information about the patient‘s condition. Creation of puppets together with patients helped students to maintain humane relations, to perceive them deeper, and experience new emotions out of this experience. The stronger motivation to achieve the goal was observed when the puppet, created and produced by the patient, was dedicated to another person. The students of the occupation therapy program were convinced practically that by involving creative activity while creating a spiritualized object, a puppet, it is effective to maintain relation with a person. They enriched the skills for the use of occupation therapy methods and means.
Privalomosios pradinės ir profesionalios karo tarnybų karių patiriamo streso analizė
Authors: Čikalova Oksana , Drungilienė Danguolė , Mockienė Vida
Published: June 2015

Very often conscripted soldiers experience heavy physical loads and mental shocks and challenges. The goal of this thesis was to analyse and to compare the factors triggering the stress to soldiers of compulsory conscription and professional military service and the ways to cope with it. Methods applied in this thesis were as follows: investigation conducted in 2010-2011 applying quantitative data accumulation and data processing methods. 233 soldiers of compulsory conscription and professional military service that were in the service in the aircraft base of Military Air Force and were selected applying the targeted sampling method participated in the inquiry. The statistic program package „SPSS 17 for Windows” was applied for data analysis. Levels of significance of statistical hypotheses were applied: where p<0,05 was statistically significant, p<0,01 was statistically very significant and p<001 was extremely statistically significant. The participants were acquainted with investigation goal and the consent of a uniformed person was received. The results of the investigation revealed that such factors as everyday routine, military discipline, constant tiredness, impossibility to change the established day time schedule, negative emotions of other soldiers and strict particular requirements triggered stress significantly more often to the soldiers of compulsory conscription service than to the soldiers of professional service. The more strong reaction of soldiers of compulsory conscription service to stress provoked the feeling of loneliness and physical and emotional exhaustion at the end of the service day, meanwhile the soldiers of professional service had some difficulties with sleep at night and emotional exhaustion. While trying to combat the stress the soldiers of professional service significantly more often than the soldiers of compulsory conscription service used the conversation with a good friend and long walks, meanwhile the soldiers of compulsory conscription service trying to suppress the stress used to smoke significantly more often than the soldiers of professional service. Smoking as the method to conquer the stress was preferred more often by the soldiers from smaller townships.
Naujagimių ir kūdikių smegenų ląastelių apoptozė ir perioperacinis periodas: ar yra ryšys?
Authors: Šuškevičienė Ilona , Nekrašienė Milda , Rugytė Danguolė , Vilkė Alina , Bukauskas Tomas , Bilskienė Diana , Macas Andrius
Published: June 2015

In these latter decades neurotoxicity of general anaesthetics has been demonstrated in neonatal animal models. These data raised a concern about the safety of neonatal and paediatric anaesthesia. However, prospective epidemiological studies in humans are still ongoing. Biological markers, which could be associated with anaesthesia and outcome would be helpful in timely decisions regarding clinical practice in newborns and infants. To date, some brain specific proteins have been studies in various brain damage scenarios in neonates, children and adults. The purpose of the present paper is to describe current knowledge, based on experimental and clinical data, on the influence of anaesthetics on the developing brain and the applicability of certain biomarkers in cases of cerebral cell damage.
Stacionarinės reabilitacijos įtaka persirgusių galvos smegenų insultu ligos eigai
Authors: Sudmantienė Daiva , Žiliukas Geriuldas , Drungilienė Danguolė , Kazlauskas Henrikas
Published: June 2015

A stroke can cause prolonged disability and affects the quality of life. Actively and on time started a complex rehabilitation improves the progress of the disease, helps to recover lost functions, avoid complications, provides an opportunity for patients to maximum adjust to their activities of daily living. The aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of inpatient rehabilitation on the course of disease in patients after stroke.207 patients after stroke participated in this study. The contingent consisted of 116 women and 91 men, age ranged from 48 to 81 years, the mean age is 67,2 years. The patient's dysfunction in a daily living was assessed by the Barthel Index, cognitive function by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). In order to specify patients’ age, residency and diagnosis of the disease, complications, the duration of rehabilitation and a complex rehabilitation programs, the prospective analysis was performed on rehabilitated patients’ medical history while they were treated in-patient base. At the start of rehabilitation, the mean Barthel score for the patients who did not have any complications, the dysfunction of a daily living, was 52,9, after rehabilitation – 74,5.During the rehabilitation period the mean Barthel score raised up to 21,6 (p<0,001). After completing the complex rehabilitation programs the cognitive function's change was 4,8 (p<0,001) by the end of inpatient rehabilitation. During the inpatient rehabilitation encountered complications reduced the efficacy of the rehabilitation.
Komandinio darbo operacinėje efektyvumo vertinimas operacinės komandos narių požiūriu
Authors: Istomina Natalja , Šakienė Lina , Bagdonas Rokas , Bakaitė Ingrida
Published: June 2015

Work in the operating theatre is carried on under the team principle where division of labour, competence, instant reaction, tolerance, work knowledge and skills as well as associating with team members are of greatest significance. Fluctuation of opera-ting theatre team members results in difficulty in concentration, loss of valuable time and work quality, and has negative influence upon work process.The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of the team work in the Operating Theatre Room from the viewpoint of team members.The sample was (n=21): operating theatre nurses, anaesthesiologists reanimatologists, surgeons, other staff. The gender was not homogeneous; the experience of work of the participants was from 3 to 30 years. The qualitative research was done. The methods of critical analysis and semi-structured interview were used.The research should be significant in the development of the science of nursing and nursing practice in Lithuania, especially in the sphere of surgical nursing. It could also be useful to both nurses and patients as both these groups are interested in the improvement of nursing quality: nurses as suppliers of the service and patients as its receivers.
Slaugytojų veiksmai valdant traumatologinių ligonių ūminį skausmą
Authors: Kušleikaitė Marija , Gedminienė Lina , Razbadauskas Artūras , Mockienė Vida
Published: June 2015

Klaipėdos universiteto Sveikatos mokslų fakultetas
RUBBER–BRASS ADHESION LAYER ANALYSIS USING THE OLEFIN-METATHESIS METHOD
Authors: Leimgruber Simon , Kern Wolfgang , Hochenauer Roman , Melmer Michael , Holzner Armin , Trimmel Gregor
Published: June 2015

The investigation of the adhesion layer between rubber and brass-coated steel wires is a challenging task due to its strong bonding. We explore the possibilities of olefin-metathesis as a method to degrade the cross-linked rubber network without destroying the adhesion layer. Using a ruthenium catalyst and 1-octene as a co-reactant, different types of rubber—natural rubber, acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber, and styrene–butadiene rubber—can be degraded into soluble fragments. The uncovered adhesion layers can be subsequently analyzed with common analytical methods such as optical microscopy, focusvariation microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The revealed surface structures are discussed considering the observed pull-out forces. In a second series, the influence of common additives—cobalt salt, silica, and a resin system—on the metathesis reaction is investigated.
The economic consequences of the incremental Internet disclosure: the case of French firms
Authors: Moufida Ben Saada , Hamdi Khalfaoui
Published: June 2015

This study explores the economic consequences of incremental internet disclosure (IID) of 190 French companies pertaining to SBF 250 Index during 2012. The results, obtained from a cross-sectional regression, show that the IID is a benefit because it reduces the information asymmetry, which in turn increases the liquidity of securities’ French firms. However, the IID has no impact on the cost of equity French firms.
Evaluating the Stability of the Financial Ratios of Jordanian Industrial Companies
Authors: Abu Rumman Ghaleb , Kutum Imad
Published: June 2015

The purpose of the study was to identify if the financial ratios of Jordanian industrial companies remained stable across sector and over time. The study used six financial ratios from fifty-six companies across six sectors with financial information from 2010 to 2014. A two way multivariate analysis of variance was performed to identify the stability of the ratios across the sectors and over the time. The results of the study showed that the financial ratios which showed some difference across sector were EBITTA (Earnings before Interest and Tax), CAT (Current Assets Turnover) and CFTA (Cash Flow to Total Assets). There were no differences observed between the financial ratios over time. The interaction of Time and Sector revealed no significant interaction effects. This suggests that as a whole, the financial ratios remained stable over time and sectors over the sectors and period chosen for the study.
International Audit Standard No. 240 and Its Impact on the Practical Procedures of Auditors in Detection the Manipulation of Financial Statements
Authors: Abbadi Haitham Mamdouh , Slihat Nimer Abedalhameed
Published: June 2015

This study aims to explore the role of International Audit Standard No.240 on the auditor’s procedures in detecting manipulation and fraud of financial Statements, the descriptive approach was used in conducting this study, through viewing the related literature in order to indentify the practices that lead to manipulation. And by identifying the auditor’s responsibilities according to the International Audit Standard No. 240. The results showed that firms may commit manipulation in several ways, such as recording the current expenses as capital expenses, to reduce costs and increase profits which may lead managers to ask for rewards. Therefore, the auditor must make greater efforts to the following:-          Focusing on financial events that have different accounting treatments, such as record maintenance expenses, at the fixed asset account. The purpose of this action is to reduce costs and increase profits, which may lead to request, a reward by managers.-          Comparing manager’s Salaries with Past year.-          Comparing financial ratios of the company with its counterparts in the market.-          Send support certificates for suppliers to make sure their account balances, in order to ensure the registration of all Purchases futures in inventory account.
Ethics in Accounting
Authors: Yarahmadi Hossein , Bohloli Ali
Published: June 2015

Accounting is the main index for the economy of many countries in a way that no economic activity is possible without reliance on it. Distinct feature of accounting is accepting responsibility towards people. Society has many expectations from accountants and people should trust the quality of offered services by them. Thus, their information should be real, reliable, honest, and unbiased. This study uses library method for gathering information about professional ethos and ethics of accounting. The results show that not only accountants should be qualified vocationally but also they should have high degree of honesty and rectitude in their jobs. Thus, professional future of accounting depends on ethical leadership of professional accountants.
Gender Difference in the Expectation and Receipt of Filial Piety Among U.S Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Dong Xinqi , Zhang Manrui
Published: June 2015

Background: Filial piety is a fundamental virtue that defines children’s care-giving obligation to older parents in Chinese families. This study aims to evaluate whether gender difference exists in the expectation and receipt of filial piety among U.S Chinese older adults. Methods: Data were drawn from the PINE study, a population-based study of U.S. Chinese older adults aged 60 and above in the greater Chicago area. Guided by a community-based participatory research approach, a total of 3,159 Chinese older adults aged 60 and above were surveyed. Filial piety was examined in six domains, including care, respect, greeting, happiness, obedience, and financial support. Socio-demographic correlates with expectations and receipt of filial piety were examined. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Results: Female older adults were 1.02 points higher than male older adults in their perceived receipt of filial piety (PE=1.02, p<0.001) adjusted for the socio-demographics. Older women received more respect (p<0.001), greetings (p<0.001), happiness (p<0.01), and obedience (p<0.05). Women with an older age (r = 0.06, p<0.05) and a lower educational level (r = -0.11, p<0.01) received more filial piety while similar trends were not discovered among men. Being married was correlated with a higher level of filial piety receipt among men (r = 0.07. p<0.05) while the correlation was not significant among women.

Discussion: This study provides insights to understand how the gender of the older parents influences their expectation and receipt of filial piety. Our findings have important implications to guide elder care practices with cultural and gender sensitivity.
Reading the Prioress's Tale in the Fifteenth Century:
Authors: Blurton Heather , Johnson Hannah
Published: June 2015

This article considers the fifteenth-century circulation of Chaucer's Prioress's Tale outside of the Canterbury Tales in devotional anthologies. It examines three specific manuscripts—London, British Library MSS Harley 2251 and Harley 2382, and Manchester, Chetham Library MS 6709—in which the tale appears as one of a series of texts devoted to Marian devotion. From this context, we argue that in the fifteenth century Chaucer enjoyed a reputation as a Marian poet, and that two of his famous immediate successors, Hoccleve and Lydgate, engaged with his reputation on precisely this ground. The article finishes by reading two Marian miracle tales written by Hoccleve and Lydgate as self-conscious responses to the Prioress's Tale.
A Fallen Language and the Consolation of Art in the Book of the Duchess
Authors: Hardaway Reid
Published: June 2015

Chaucer's Book of the Duchess explores the essential relationship between language and memory. When language appears inadequate or contrived, as it is for the Black Knight, then memory falters. However, by modeling Ovid, Chaucer uses language to transform painful memories, such as death or unrequited love, into an aesthetic experience that is emotionally and physically restorative. Emphasizing the therapeutic potential of language on memory, the Book of the Duchess foreshadows Freud's psychoanalytic method; for both the doctor and the poet, language's metaphorical capacity can productively redefine memories that are traumatic and psychically destructive.
Ben Jonson on Shakespeare's Chaucer
Authors: Jacobs Kathryn , White D'andra
Published: June 2015

This article explores the medieval origin and source material for William Shakespeare's plays and Edmund Spenser's archaisms. It specifically examines Ben Jonson's ire aimed at these writers' medievalisms. According to Jonson, Shakespeare and Spenser were complicit in resurrecting Chaucerian diction and, in doing so, they incurred Jonson's vexation. Examination of the external evidence left by Jonson's criticisms gives us a new lens by which to see Shakespeare's sources.
(Re)reading Zora Neale Hurston and “The Lost Keys of Glory”
Authors: West M. Genevieve
Published: June 2015

This essay revisits one of the thorniest issues in Hurston scholarship—the question of whether Hurston and her writings should be considered feminist. I place the debate within contemporary scholarship and address the question via an unpublished and little-known 1947 essay titled “The Lost Keys of Glory.” In this essay—a blend of folklore and analysis of gender roles—Hurston argues that most women are unable to compete with men in the workplace and that feminism has failed women. To address the incongruity between the essay and the way in which Hurston lived her life, I establish the roots of persistent late twentieth- and twenty-first- century perceptions of Hurston as a feminist. I move on to trace the lineage of the folktale Hurston uses to frame this critique of gender relations. Then, drawing from three definitions of feminism, I argue that while on the surface Hurston's essay seems strikingly anti-feminist in the twenty-first century, when read within its original context and within various feminist frameworks, the essay does contain a number of feminist elements, suggesting that to some degree in 1947 Hurston held what we would call today feminist ideals, particularly given the ideological context of the post-World War II re-conversion era.
Popular Reception of Toni Morrison's Beloved:
Authors: Magras Lydia
Published: June 2015

I present a snapshot of Toni Morrison's novel Beloved from a personally experienced, particularly significant cultural moment in the public and academic discourse. I argue that Buppies (Black Urban Professionals), children of the turbulent sixties as readers, were meaningful precursors to the appropriately serious literary (aesthetic) reception of Morrison's work. In the case of the novel and the film, this popular reception was actually an embryonic response that bolstered an academic one, resulting in considerable overlap between these two interpretative communities. The initial popular reception propelled the text firmly into the arms of the academy, where it has settled into a long-lasting embrace. Pulling from the work of reception studies scholars like Patrocino Schweikart, this study connects the American Black Power Movement of the ’60s and the subsequent emergence of Black Studies programs to the reception of the text and its film adaptation, as well as incorporating Morrison's own words on interpretative interaction between readers and her work.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO DA SUBJETIVIDADE ATRAVÉS DA INSCRIÇÃO NA ESCRITA DIGITAL
Authors: Costa Angela Maria Plath da , Moreira Raquel Ribeiro
Published: June 2015

Partimos da observação e da análise de duas práticas de ensino desenvolvidas na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa para refletir, sob o enfoque da vertente francesa da Análise do Discurso, sobre a constituição da subjetividade a partir da inscrição do sujeito-aluno na escrita digital. A observação da prática, com base no dispositivo teórico-metodológico que mobiliza a noção de sujeito, sentido, discurso e ideologia, conduz à investigação sobre os modos como as diferentes abordagens da linguagem instauram formas distintas de subjetivação. Nesse sentido, elegemos pensar aqui sobre as instâncias de sujeito emergentes pela relação do sujeito-aluno com a leitura e a escrita.
A EXTERIORIDADE CONSTITUINTE DO DISCURSO: UMA LEITURA DA CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE 1988 E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM A CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE 1969
Authors: Souza Mariana Jantsch de , Cazarin Ercília Ana
Published: June 2015

Neste artigo, analisamos se a Constituição Federal de 1969 (CF69) ressoa ou não na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF88), considerando a noção de exterioridade como fator constituinte do discurso. Para tanto, será analisado o funcionamento do discurso constitucional de 1988, buscando compreender os efeitos de sentido produzidos pelo texto - a unidade de análise. Observaremos como e em que medida esses efeitos remetem ou não à CF 69, tornando-a presente no discurso constitucional atual. Observar a exterioridade como componente do discurso e, por isso, atuante no processo de produção de efeitos de sentidos, explicita a tensão entre os processos parafrástico e polissêmico próprios da linguagem.
Besouros cerambycidae associados a Eucalyptus spp. no município de Pinheiro Machado, RS
Authors: Bernardi Oderlei , Garcia Mauro Silveira , Silva Eduardo José Ely e , Zazycki Luiza Cristiane Fialho , Bernardi Daniel , Miorelli Dinorvan , Finkenauer Élder
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo coletar, identificar e caracterizar faunisticamente a entomofauna de Cerambycidae ocorrente em um plantio de Eucalyptus spp., fazenda São Manoel, município de Pinheiro Machado, RS. No período de fevereiro de 2006 a outubro de 2007, a cada 15 dias, foram realizadas coletas de insetos com três armadilhas etanólicas. Após procedimentos de triagem, os Cerambycidae foram identificados comparando-os com coleções entomológicas e com uso de literatura especializada. Foram coletados 692 insetos, distribuídos em 29 gêneros e quarenta espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Acanthoderes jaspidea, Chlorida costata, Compsocerus barbicornis, Eburodacrys sp., Eurysthea hirta, Neoclytus curvatus e Nyssodrysina lignaria, os quais representam 81,17% do total de indivíduos. Os cerambicídeos foram coletados em praticamente todo o período de amostragem, com pico populacional verificado no mês de dezembro. Várias espécies demonstram potencial de danificar Eucalyptus spp., sendo Neoclytus curvatus aquela que merece maior atenção, pois representou praticamente metade dos insetos coletados.
Relação entre NDVI e florística em fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Decidual no Vale do Paranã, Goiás
Authors: Hermuche Potira Meirelles , Felfili Jeanine Maria
Published: June 2015

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o índice de vegetação NDVI e o comportamento das espécies dominantes de três fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Decidual localizados no Vale do Paranã, Goiás. Para isso, foram utilizadas imagens do sensor Landsat 7 ETM+ do ano de 2001. O estudo mostrou uma relação entre índice de vegetação NDVI das épocas de chuva e de seca e florística nos três fragmentos estudados. A análise da diferença de cobertura do dossel mostrou que as espécies exclusivas de cada fragmento apresentaram maior influência na resposta espectral do dossel por meio da análise do NDVI do que o total das espécies. O resultado da análise confirmou a classificação dos fragmentos como florestas estacionais deciduais e demonstrou que, mesmo dentro de uma mesma fisionomia, existem pequenas variações fenológicas.
Histórico dos incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia
Authors: Aximoff Izar , Rodrigues Rodrigo de Carvalho
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho objetivou a análise do histórico (1937-2008) de ocorrência de incêndios florestais do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI), primeiro parque do Brasil. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento de informações no PNI, sobre o número total de incêndios, a extensão das áreas queimadas, os meses de maior incidência, a relação do fogo ao período de seca, a fauna e flora atingidas, os agentes causadores, as principais causas e as perícias dos incêndios. Foram identificados 323 incêndios (1937-2008). Apenas nos últimos sete anos foram queimados 5.724 ha, dentro e no entorno do Parque. As queimadas ocorreram sobretudo no inverno (90%), período de seca, durante os meses de julho a outubro. As fitofisionomias com as maiores extensões atingidas foram os campos de altitude, ecossistema nativo da Mata Atlântica e restrito às montanhas do sudeste. De maneira geral, poucas informações foram identificadas em relação à fauna afetada, as causas e os agentes causadores dos incêndios, sendo que, por apenas duas vezes, foram realizadas perícias. Os dados revelaram a fragilidade do PNI diante dos incêndios florestais e a importância de serem implementadas ações de prevenção e combate, que garantam efetivamente a proteção integral dessa Unidade de Conservação.
Branqueamento de polpa de eucalipto com sequências curtas
Authors: Milagres Flaviana Reis , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Rabelo Marcos Sousa , Carvalho Danila Morais de
Published: June 2015

A polpa kraft de Eucalyptus spp., em razão do elevado conteúdo de ácidos hexenurônicos, é relativamente fácil de ser branqueada Dessa forma, estudos têm sido feitos para diminuir o número de estágios de branqueamento na planta, minimizando assim importantes custos do processo. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação de sequências curtas de branqueamento ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) e TCF (Totally Chlorine Free): PMoDP (Peróxido de hidrogênio catalisado com molibdênio, seguido por estágios de dióxido de cloro e peróxido de hidrogênio), PMoD/P (Peróxido de hidrogênio catalisado com molibdênio, dióxido de cloro e peróxido de hidrogênio, sem lavagem entre os dois últimos estágios), PMoD(PO) (Peróxido de hidrogênio catalisado com molibdênio, dióxido de cloro e peróxido de hidrogênio pressurizado), D(EPO)DP (Dióxido de cloro, extração oxidativa com oxigênio e peróxido de hidrogênio, dióxido de cloro e peróxido de hidrogênio), PMoQ(PO) (Peróxido de hidrogênio catalisado com molibdênio, quelante e peróxido de hidrogênio pressurizado) e XPMoQ(PO) (Enzima, peróxido de hidrogênio catalisado com molibdênio, quelante e peróxido de hidrogênio pressurizado), com polpas kraft de Eucalyptus spp., buscando uma alvura de 90% ISO. Foram realizados estágios de branqueamento com tratamentos menos usuais tais como: peróxido ácido catalisado com molibdênio (PMo) e xilanase (X). Entre as sequências opcionais ECF, a sequência com dois estágios PMoD/P, mostrou um custo efetivo alto, no entando, sem afetar a qualidade da polpa em relação à sequência tradicional D(EPO)DP e obteve melhor qualidade do efluente também em relação à referência. Porém, a sequência de quatro estágios, XPMoQ(PO), alcançou a alvura desejada utilizando a tecnologia TCF. Essa sequência não teve um custo efetivo baixo, embora tenha produzido uma polpa de qualidade aceitável.
Estabelecimento e multiplicação in vitro de Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc.
Authors: Flôres Andressa Vasconcelos , Reiniger Lia Rejane Silveira , Curti Aline Ritter , Cunha Ana Catarina M. Carvalho Mori da , Golle Diego Pascoal , Bassan Josiana Scherer
Published: June 2015

O açoita-cavalo, Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc., pertencente à família Malvaceae, é uma espécie florestal que sofreu grande ação antrópica nas últimas décadas. Esse fato contribuiu muito para a redução das populações naturais e, consequentemente, de sua variabilidade genética, o que justifica a realização de estudos relacionados à propagação da espécie. Como forma de propagação vegetativa, a micropropagação torna-se uma opção para a regeneração de plantas que apresentam dificuldade de reprodução natural, além de ser uma estratégia para a conservação das espécies. O trabalho teve como objetivos determinar o tipo de explante e o meio de cultivo mais eficientes para o estabelecimento in vitro, além de verificar a influência de diferentes concentrações da citocinina BAP na multiplicação de segmentos nodais de açoita-cavalo. As sementes utilizadas foram coletadas e armazenadas pela Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária – FEPAGRO-Florestas em Santa Maria, RS e as plântulas obtidas in vitro foram utilizadas como fonte de explantes. Na seleção de explantes e meio de cultivo, foram testados segmentos apicais caulinares e segmentos nodais cultivados nos meios nutritivos MS e WPM. Diferentes concentrações de BAP (0, 5, 10 e 15 mg L-1) foram avaliadas na multiplicação in vitro de açoita-cavalo. No estabelecimento in vitro de açoita-cavalo podem-se empregar tanto segmentos apicais caulinares como segmentos nodais e ambos os meios de cultivo. Visando a maximizar o cultivo de açoita-cavalo, deve-se utilizar o meio de cultivo WPM, pelo custo reduzido. Na multiplicação in vitro de açoita-cavalo não deve ser adicionada a citocinina BAP, pois na ausência desse regulador se observa melhor resposta dos explantes para a maioria das características avaliadas, além de reduzir os custos no cultivo in vitro da espécie.
Estrutura e classificação de um remanescente de floresta ripária no município de Lages, SC
Authors: Nascimento André Rosalvo Terra , Ramos Paulo Henrique Xavier , Dalmaso Cilmar Antônio
Published: June 2015

Este estudo objetiva descrever a diversidade e investigar aspectos da classificação de um remanescente de floresta ripária na região de Lages, estado de Santa Catarina. Usando o método de parcelas foram alocadas vinte e cinco unidades amostrais ao longo do curso de água, sendo mensuradas todas as espécies arbóreas com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) maior ou igual a 5 cm. A comunidade apresentou um dossel multiestratificado com espécies emergentes de grande porte e uma riqueza de 67 espécies arbóreas. A distribuição em diâmetro evidenciou uma comunidade autoregenerativa, com um grande número de indivíduos de pequenos diâmetros, os quais juntamente com as árvores de grande porte, somaram altos valores de área basal e densidade por hectare. A classificação separou os trechos mais desenvolvidos com maior área basal e complexidade com a presença de Cabralea canjerana e Myrcia hatschbachii dos trechos mais instáveis e com presença das espécies mais generalistas Celtis iguanaea e Ilex brevicuspis, denotando uma grande variabilidade ambiental nesse tipo de floresta.