bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in epidural labor analgesia: Effectiveness and treatment strategies of butorphanol
Authors: Yu Wan-Qiu , Zhu Zhao-Qiong , Tang Fu-Shan
Published: October 2024

In this editorial, we provide a critical review of the article by Tang et al published in the World J Clin Cases , focusing on the utilization of butorphanol for epidural analgesia during labor. Our discussion encompasses recent research developments in epidural labor analgesia, specifically highlighting the current status of clinical applications of butorphanol and associated treatment approaches. Epidural analgesia is widely acknowledged as the primary method for pain management during labor, offering effective and prolonged pain relief while allowing mothers to remain alert and actively participate in the delivery process. Among the various drugs utilized for epidural labor analgesia, butorphanol has received increasing attention due to its potential efficacy and distinctive pharmacological properties. As a synthetic opioid analgesic, butorphanol exhibits both agonistic and antagonistic activity on opioid receptors, striking a balance between analgesia and minimizing side effects. Nevertheless, the safety and efficacy of butorphanol in epidural labor analgesia remains controversial. While certain studies have reported positive outcomes with butorphanol, including effective pain relief and a reduced incidence of side effects, others have raised concerns about its safety and efficacy compared to traditional opioids or alternative analgesics. In addition, the optimal dosing strategy and regimen of butorphanol as an adjuvant in epidural labor analgesia still need to be verified. Through comprehensive synthesis and analysis of existing literature, we aim to evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of butorphanol for epidural labor analgesia, delineate areas of consensus and controversy, and propose future avenues for research and clinical practice in this domain.
Pneumoparotid with imaging findings: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kubota Wakako , Kyan-Onodera Makiko , Fujimoto Yasuomi , Sakuma Akihiro , Katada Ryuji , Sugiura Chihiro
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Pneumoparotid is a rare disease associated with retrograde airflow into the ductal system. There is no established treatment for this disease, which has no known complications. Mouth puffing and playing wind instruments are known to be the causes of this disease.

CASE SUMMARY

We managed a case, in which pneumoparotid suddenly recurred 4 months after surgery for purulent parotiditis. The patient did not report any obvious etiological factors, such as mouth puffing or playing a wind instrument. We reviewed 128 articles (from 1941 to 2023) that reported on a total of 166 patients with pneumoparotid, including the patient from the present case report, with imaging findings. This is the first reported case of pneumoparotid following surgery for purulent parotitis. The etiology in our case was classified as idiopathic.

CONCLUSION

Imaging findings could be sufficient for accurate pneumoparotid diagnoses and the exclusion of complications; computed tomography could be useful.
Apparatus and Method for Measuring Individual Colour-Matching Functions
Authors: Ragoo Luvin , Farup Ivar , Wold Jan Henrik
Published: October 2024

This article presents a compact visual colorimeter for the purpose of measuring colour-matching functions (CMFs) of individual observers through psychophysical experiments. Constructed from 3D-printed parts, optical elements, and LED-based light engines, the colorimeter
facilitates the juxtaposition of two fields to create a bipartite field. The system underwent characterisation to evaluate factors that may impact colour-matching experiments, such as LED-light stability, spatial homogeneity of the bipartite field, and potential stray-light leakage.
The study aimed to assess the accuracy and performance of the system in measuring individual observer CMFs. Results indicate that the system is stable enough to measure both intra- and inter-observer variations in CMFs.
Peer Education with Smart Card Effects on the Stigma of HIV/AIDS among Non-HIV Inmates
Authors: Anisah Retno Lusmiati , Andriany Megah , Sofro Muchlis Achsan Udji , Piriyasart Jitlada
Published: October 2024

Inmates with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often exposed to psychosocial problems due to stigma. Limited study proved effect of peer education with smart card on the stigma of HIV/AIDS among non-HIV inmates. The purpose of this study was to know the effects of peer education with smart card method on the stigma of HIV/AIDS among inmates. The study design was pre-experimental design. The sample was 94 male inmates without HIV taken using purposive sampling. The stigma was measured used the Visser Personal and Perceived Community Stigma questionnaire. Non-HIV prisoners was educated regarding using HIV/AIDS Smart Cards, Anti-HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination Cards as well as involving a positive HIV for hand shaking role play. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results showed significant differences between the pre and post-test on personal and perceived community stigma. The findings recommend for correctional nurses to imply this intervention in preventing the stigma of HIV/AIDS and future studies to examine this intervention toward other outcomes such as discrimination in correctional settings.
Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dengan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Funna Desya Amalia , Asniar Asniar , Alam Teuku Samsul
Published: October 2024

Dengue fever (DHF), one of the most concerning health problems in Indonesia.Individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to DHF are important factors that can influence the occurrence of DHF cases. Meanwhile, one of the determinants contributing to determining knowledge, attitudes, and practices is the level of educationand relationship these factors were not tested yet in Banda Aceh.Therefore, this studyfocusedon determining the relationship between mothers' education level and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of DHF prevention in Banda Aceh.This research was a descriptive correlative study with a cross-sectional approach involving 228 mothers living in villages with a high risk of DHF, selected using a proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire containing 62 statements to measure knowledge, attitudes, and practices of DHF prevention, then analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test.The data analysis showed a relationship between the mother's education level and knowledge (p-value 0.00) about DHF and DHF prevention practices (p-value 0.033). Still, there was no relationship between the mother's education level and attitude (p-value 0.754) against DHF in Banda Aceh. This study indicates that maternal education factors need to be considered in planning community nursing interventions to increase knowledge and practice of dengue preventionthat is adjusted to the level of education of mothers in the community.
Olax dissitiflora Oliv. (small-fruited olax): Current status and future prospects as medicinal plant
Authors: Alfred Maroyi
Published: October 2024

Olax dissitiflora Oliv. (O. dissitiflora) has several medicinal uses, some of them known since prehistoric times. The present review compiles existing knowledge of the chemical and pharmacological properties, current medicinal uses, and further use potential and applications of O. dissitiflora. Multiple searches on existing literature on the medicinal, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of O. dissitiflora were conducted in online databases such as Scopus, JSTOR, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct as well as using pre-electronic literature sources obtained from the university library. This study showed that the bark, leaves, roots and twigs of O. dissitiflora are used as aphrodisiac, emetic, mosquito repellent and purgative, and as traditional medicines against dental problems, gonorrhoea, hernia, venereal diseases and wounds. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant revealed that it contains reducing sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, 21-epimachaerinic acid, oleanolic acid, hederagenin, oleanolic acid 3-O-glucuronide, amphotericin, santalbic acid, exocarpic acid and octadic-9,11-diynoic acid. The pharmacological assessments showed that the crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species have antibacterial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, larvicidal and adulticidal activities. The collected ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmacological properties of O. dissitiflora documented in this review will assist to understand the therapeutic relevance and potential of the species as well as providing baseline data required for ethnopharmacological assessments required in the discovery of novel plant-based health products. There is also need for more studies focusing on phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicological evaluations, in vivo and clinical research on O. dissitiflora to compliment and validate the ethnomedicinal properties of the species.
Potential of organometallic complexes in medicinal chemistry
Authors: Qader Sarbaz Mohammed , Azhin hamad mohammed  , Muhammed Akar Mahmood , Omer Rebaz Anwar , Abdulkareem Eman Ibraheem , Rashid Rzgar Faruq
Published: October 2024

Organometallic complexes, which include ligands such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbenes, alkyls, phenyls, p-bound alkynes, alkenes, cyclopentadienyls, and arenes, have been extensively utilized in fields like materials chemistry and catalysis. These complexes also offer opportunities for the development of new medications with unique modes of action. Specifically, we are interested in anticancer drugs that can enhance the effectiveness of platinum treatments, broaden their range of action, reduce adverse effects, and prevent resistance. The distinct physiochemical properties of organometallic complexes have made them valuable in homogeneous catalysis, including the production of lead compounds and therapeutic possibilities. Over the past 20 years, a small group of researchers worldwide has explored the medical applications of these compounds’ unique characteristics, such as their structural diversity, potential for ligand exchange, and redox and catalytic properties. The results have been remarkable, and it is anticipated that numerous other organometallic compounds will undergo clinical trials in the coming years in addition to those already underway. In this brief study, we outline the advantages that organometallic metal complexes have over coordination compounds and pure organic molecules.
Optimizing hierarchical classifiers with parameter tuning and confidence scoring
Authors: Sergii V. Mashtalir , Oleksandr V. Nikolenko
Published: October 2024

Hierarchical classifiers play a crucial role in addressing complex classification tasks by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable sub-tasks. This paper continues a series of works, focused on the technical Ukrainian texts hierarchical classification, specifically the classification of repair works and spare parts used in automobile maintenance and servicing. We tackle the challenges posed by multilingual data inputs – specifically Ukrainian, Russian, and their hybrid – and the lack of standard data cleaning models for the Ukrainian language. We developed a novel classification algorithm, which employs TF-IDF victimization with unigrams and bigrams, keyword selection, and cosine similarity for classification. This paper describes a method for training and evaluating a hierarchical classification model using parameter tuning for each node in a tree structure. The training process involves initializing weights for tokens in the class tree nodes and input strings, followed by iterative parameter tuning to optimize classification accuracy. Initial weights are assigned based on predefined rules, and the iterative process adjusts these weights to achieve optimal performance. The paper also addresses the challenge of interpreting multiple confidence scores from the classification process, proposing a machine learning approach using Scikit-learn's GradientBoostingClassifier to calculate a unified confidence score. This score helps assess the classification reliability, particularly for unlabeled data, by transforming input values, generating polynomial parameters, and using logarithmic transformations and scaling. The classifier is fine-tuned using hyper parameter optimization techniques, and the final model provides a robust confidence score for classification tasks, enabling the verification and classification results optimization across large datasets. Our experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in classification performance. Overall classification accuracy nearly doubled after training, reaching 92.38 %. This research not only advances the theoretical framework of hierarchical classifiers but also provides practical solutions for processing large-scale, unlabeled datasets in the automotive industry. The developed methodology can enhance various applications, including automated customer support systems, predictive maintenance, and decision-making processes for stakeholders like insurance companies and service centers. Future work will extend this approach to more complex tasks, such as extracting and classifying information from extensive text sources like telephone call transcriptions.
Graph-logical models for (n, f, k) – and consecutive - k-out-of-n – systems
Authors: Romankevich Vitaliy A. , Yermolenko Ihor A. , Morozov Kostiantyn V. , Romankevich Alexei M.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to methods of constructing graph-logical models of fault-tolerant multiprocessor systems. In particular, systems of the type (n, f, k), linear consecutive-k-out-of-n and circular consecutive-k-out-of-n are considered, which are characterized by the failure of the system when a certain number of consecutive processors fail. Graph-logical models can be used to estimate the reliability parameters of fault-tolerant multiprocessor systems by conducting statistical experiments with models of their behavior in the failure flow. The graph-logical models under construction are based on the basic models with a minimum of lost edges. It is determined that to build a graph-logical model of systems of this type, it is sufficient to calculate the maximum possible number of failed processors at which the system remains in operation. A graph-logical model of a basic system that can handle this number of failures is built, without taking into account the sequence of these failures. The next step is to identify all possible consecutive failures that cause the system to fail. Then, the base model is modified in such a way as to reflect the failure of the system when consecutive failures occur. This means weakening the base model on the previously determined vectors. The proposed methods of model construction can be used both for linear and circular consecutive-k-out-of-n systems and for (n, f, k) systems. A minor difference will be in the calculation of some parameters. The paper describes the calculation of such parameters as the maximum allowable number of failures at which the system remains in an operational state, as well as the calculation of the number of all combinations of consecutive failures at which the system fails. Experiments have been conducted to confirm the model's compliance with the system's behavior in the failure flow. Examples are given to demonstrate the process of building graph-logical models for linear consecutive-k-out-of-n, circular consecutive-k-out-of-n and (n, f, k) systems using the proposed methods.
Global solutions and their limit behavior for parabolic inclusions with an unbounded right-hand part
Authors: Kapustyan O. , Bezushchak D. , Stanzhytskyi O. , Korol I.
Published: October 2024

We study global resolvability for parabolic inclusions with an upper semicontinuous multi-valued right-hand part of more than linear growth. Theorems about the existence of global mild solutions in different phase spaces are proved. Limit sets for the obtained global solutions in the corresponding phase spaces are investigated.
TecnologIA y Mujeres: ¿y si te atreves qué?
Authors: Hernández Pinzón Aura Melissa
Published: October 2024

Las universidades de la Orinoquía se han convertido progresivamente en una plataforma de desarrollo de la región. Sin embargo, es necesario continuar fortaleciendo las redes académicas que permitan el acceso a una “educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad [que promueva] oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todos en América Latina y el Caribe”[1], éstas constituyen aportes para la comprensión de los problemas del territorio y sus oportunidades. Para tales efectos se busca la consolidación de la red de humanidades de la Orinoquía en la modalidad de Coloquio permanente de ciencias sociales y humanas como respuesta a la necesidad de la región y de la agenda 2030. El Coloquio Permanente de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas es un evento organizado por el Departamento de Humanidades y Formación Integral de la Universidad Santo Tomás seccional Villavicencio con el liderazgo del Grupo de investigación Humanidades digitales, formación y construcción de paz territorial (ÁBA). La presente versión es realizada en alianza con la Universidad de San Buenaventura Bogotá. Un evento dirigido a investigadores, docentes y toda la comunidad académica Nacional e internacional que busca lograr el intercambio de conocimiento y experiencias útiles a los temas propios de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, los proyectos de investigación y sus diferentes modalidades.
On the almost h-conformal semi-slant Riemannian maps
Authors: Park Kwang-soon
Published: October 2024

As a generalization of conformal semi-slant submersions, semi-slant Riemannian maps, almost h-semi-slant submersions and almost h-semi-slant Riemannian maps, we introduce almost h-conformal semi-slant submersions and almost h-conformal semi-slant Riemannian maps. We give some examples of such maps and also introduce some types of pluriharmonic maps, invariant maps and geodesic maps. We study the geometry of foliations, the integrability of distributions, the properties of pluriharmonic maps, invariant maps and geodesic maps. We also investigate the condition for such maps to be totally geodesic and the harmonicity of such maps.
Miasta idealne? Przykłady realizacji koncepcji smart city w Azji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Ilciów Adam
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the issue of an ideal city. The dynamic development of digital technologies leads us to believe that it is thanks to their use that the future cities will be created. At the beginning of the XXI century, the concept of a smart city became popular as a model of transforming the city using technologies to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. Projects of modern solutions are used more often in Asia than in Europe. Examples include cities built from scratch, but special attention should be paid to Singapore, which is at the top of many rankings. The article discusses all these issues, and the aim is to show the specificity of the functioning of a smart city on the example of Singapore.
Bridging cultures: the universal wisdom of aphorisms
Authors:   Baku Slavic University, Azerbaijan, Rzayeva Sevinj
Published: October 2024

This study explores the versatile nature of aphorisms, examining their linguistic structures, cultural implications, and pedagogical values across diverse languages and societies. Through literary analysis, comparative linguistic studies, and educational surveys, the research uncovers the inherent challenges in translating aphorisms while maintaining their stylistic and cultural essence. Findings reveal that aphorisms not only serve as concise expressions of universal truths and wisdom but also reflect the cultural values, norms, and philosophies of their respective societies. The investigation highlights the significant role of aphorisms in language learning and moral instruction, demonstrating their potential to foster cross-cultural understanding and linguistic appreciation. Aphorisms’ versatility as educational tools enhances learners’ engagement with language and culture, encouraging deeper reflection on ethical and philosophical issues. The study suggests future research directions, including the digital dissemination of aphorisms and their incorporation into artificial intelligence for language processing, underscoring their enduring relevance in a globalized and digitally connected world.
On the question of levels of adaptation of polonism in Russian language
Authors:   Baku Slavic University, Azerbaijan, Gadimova Jamila A.
Published: October 2024

The problem of loanword is one of the traditional ones in linguistic science. In the process of loanword, Polonisms were subject to adaptation at all levels of the language system. Phonetic adaptation of Polonisms involves their adaptation to the norms and laws of phonetics of the Russian language. Becoming the property of the Russian language, Polonisms acquire a Russian graphic appearance. Polonisms have undergone such semantic adaptation as narrowing, expanding and changing meanings. With grammatical adaptation, Polonisms adapt to the rules of Russian grammar and take on the grammatical meaning and grammatical features of the Russian language. As for stylistic adaptation, changes in emotional and expressive coloring and the functional consolidation of words, they are also determined by a number of extralinguistic factors: the status of the source language, established relations in the history of peoples, the perception of cultural values and their hierarchy in the system of others. The work uses a descriptive method in interpreting the material with the involvement of lexicographic sources of different genres.
Stygmatyzacja społeczności romskiej na przykładzie powiatu kolskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Banasiak Marta
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to show the level of stigmatization of the Roma community in kolski county. With the help of the survey conducted, the opinions and degree of correlation of other residents of kolski county regarding their relations with Roma were presented. It was also important to show the causes of deepening stigmatization and its manifestations.
Zapomniany tarnowianin dr med. Marian Wodziński (1911–1986) i jego aktywny udział w odkrywaniu prawdy o zbrodni katyńskiej
Authors: Glugla Paweł
Published: October 2024

The text attempts to present the wartime and post-war fate of the Polish intelligentsia who took a direct part in uncovering the Katyn massacre, using the example of Dr Marian Wodziński, a medical doctor. As a forensic doctor, he was appointed (against his will), to examine the exhumation of the victims buried in the Katyn forest. As a forensic expert, he believed that it was not up to him to determine the perpetrators, but to the court that would one day hear the murder case. He remained under pressure from the Germans, and after his return from Katyn to Poland, he was intensively searched by the NKVD and the UB, as an inconvenient, muchknowing witness. Arrested by the NKVD, he was freed thanks to influential people, and when he started to go into hiding, an APB was issued for him. In December 1945, he managed to escape from Poland under the name Marian Cich. He settled in the United Kingdom. The security apparatus recruited his brother Stanislaw to collaborate with him for many years. Despite many attempts, Dr M. Wodziński did not succumb to persuasion and pressure and did not return to Poland, although he missed his homeland very much. He returned to Tarnów after his death, in an urn which was buried in the family grave. Despite his many merits, as well as his patriotic attitude, until recently the figure of Dr M. Wodziński was forgotten. Also in his home town of Tarnów. The text about Dr Marian Wodziński should be – in the author’s assumption – a memento of this luminous figure for contemporary and future generations of Poles, especially the Polish intelligentsia, of which Dr Wodziński was a representative.
Migracja do Polski zza wschodniej granicy w latach 2015–2023 w opinii społeczeństwa, władz państwowych i przedstawicieli Kościoła katolickiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Pieniężny Dawid
Published: October 2024

Migration is currently one of the greatest global problems, which has to be dealt with not only by states or their communities, but also by non-state entities operating in the world, including churches and religious associations, which in countries such as Poland have a very strong social resonance. The Catholic Church, on the basis of centuries of heritage, benefits in this sphere from the teaching of successive popes, which, rooted in aid attitudes, is a response to the actions of the state, encouraging the faithful to attitudes in line with the Christian spirit. This article, through an analysis of sources - historical documents, discourse and statistical data - answers the question of how the Catholic Church, state authorities and society in Poland have responded to migration into the country from the East in 2015–2023 period, presenting similarities and differences existing in the statements and opinions of state authorities, Church representatives and society in Poland.
Foreign contacts of the underground Toruń Region of NSZZ “Solidarność” in the years 1981–1989
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Polak Wojciech , Galij-Skarbińska Sylwia ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University
Published: October 2024

The introduction of martial law on December 13, 1981 resulted in the formation of an opposition underground almost immediately throughout the country. Support from abroad was of great importance for its functioning. This article raises the issue of the activities of the underground Toruń structures of “Solidarity” in the context of aid coming from the West. Over the course of the 1980s, the Toruń underground received printing equipment, computers, parts for radio transmitters, printing ink, money, émigré publications, etc. An important aspect of foreign contacts was the creation of a specific corridor for the secret distribution of copies of the Toruń underground press to “Radio Free Europe”. Articles from this press were later read in radio broadcasts broadcast to Poland.
A discontinuous conically symmetric flow of an ideal incompressible fluid
Authors:   Pavel Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel, Shablovskiy Oleg N.
Published: October 2024

The Euler equations are considered in spherical coordinates to describe the steady flow of an ideal incompressible fluid. An exact conically symmetric solution based on the source/sink and strong conic discontinuity with an apex in zero of the coordinate system is obtained. The northern region of the flow is situated in the finite vicinity of the symmetry axis, i.e., within a discontinuity cone, where the solution is regular and vortex-free. On the other side of the discontinuity, the flow adjoins the permeable equator plane. In this region, the flow is vortex-like, and its properties are determined by a density jump. The fluid flowing through the discontinuity is governed by the increase of entropy principle. The thermal field corresponding to the flow is presented. It shows that the spatial heterogeneity of temperature results from the interaction between the azimuth vorticity component and the meridional velocity component. A strong discontinuity cone angle is revealed to be a significant parameter of the problem. A comparative analysis of the source and sink properties is performed. The considered flows qualitatively differ in terms of pressure and velocity behavior.
Modeling of hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and averaging of granular media in a pneumatic circulation apparatus
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shvab Aleksandr V. , Musin Sergey V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The mathematical modeling of hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and averaging of a highly concentrated granular medium in the working area of a vertical pneumatic circulation apparatus is performed. The hydrodynamics of a dense layer of the granular medium is described by a non-Newtonian model with partial slip conditions on solid walls. Such a representation of the granular medium dynamics allows one to approve theoretical calculations with available experimental data for a steady flow in a flat channel. The numerical applicability of the partial slip condition for a non-Newtonian fluid is confirmed by the analytical dependences obtained by the authors for a steady flow in a circular tube and a flat channel, which are transformed into the known analytical formulas under no-slip conditions for a non-Newtonian medium. On the basis of the proposed model, the heat exchange intensity is analyzed when setting the constant heat flux density or the constant temperature on the annular shelves in the apparatus. The intensity of the granular mixture averaging in the bunker with the introduction of additional annular shelves is studied, and the efficiency of granular mixture mixing during rotation is considered. A method for analyzing the mixing of a granular medium in dynamics in each local area of the apparatus is proposed, which is based on the determination of the inhomogeneity coefficient. The results of this study can be used when developing powder technology devices for drying, mixing, dosing, and transport.
Numerical modeling of polydisperse two-phase flows in an ax-isymmetric de Laval nozzle with account for the Magnus force acting on rotating droplets
Authors:   Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University, Bushlanov Vladimir P. , Butov Vladimir G. ,   Tomsk State University, Glazunov Anatoliy A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The available papers on two-phase flows in de Laval nozzles are focused on the effect of various initial conditions, models of coagulation, fragmentation, and rotation of droplets on their local and integral characteristics. Some papers note that due to the difference in the velocities of the gas and droplets along the nozzle axis, the Magnus force acts on the rotating droplets perpendicular to the specified difference and deflects the trajectories of the droplets toward the nozzle wall. In an earlier paper, the authors proposed a mathematical model of a two-phase flow in an axisymmetric de Laval nozzle that accounts for the Magnus force on the basis of the kinetic equation. The present article is devoted to a numerical study of a polydisperse two-phase flow in a de Laval nozzle with account for the coagulation, fragmentation, and rotation of droplets and the Magnus force. This study is based on the “monodisperse” model of fragments developed by I.M. Vasenin and A.A. Shreiber, the method of labeled drops (the Lagrange method), and the finite-difference schemes of second order accuracy. The calculations are carried out for a test nozzle configuration with condensate formation on the nozzle wall both with and without the Magnus force accounted. The calculated results show that the Magnus force has different impacts on the trajectories of droplets of various sizes. It should be noted that the limiting trajectories of the droplets approach the nozzle wall due to the Magnus force, resulting in the earlier dropout on the wall. Therefore, when designing the divergent section of the nozzle, it is necessary to consider the revealed approach of the location of the dropout, which is associated with the Magnus force, to the nozzle throat.
The Influence of Body Posture on the Mirror Neuron System
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ragimova Ainur ,   Scientific Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nieto-Doval Carlos ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Salamatin Mikhail ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorobiova Alicia ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG-center) MSUPE, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shevtsov Oleg ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Viazmin Aleksander ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Feurra Matteo ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Though the mirror neuron system (MNS) is studied in the scientific community, the influence of the body posture on the functioning of the MNS, as well as on the excitatory and inhibitory system of the brain, has not been revealed yet. In our study, we investigated the functioning of the MNS in case of head rotation. Participants underwent a session of the mirror task, while they were observing movements of the little finger and the index finger of a static hand in three head positions (left, straight and right), combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) that was applied at various time intervals. Results showed significant interactions between the movement type and the targeted muscle (F[1,113–16,688] = 9.47, MSE = 56296.14, p = .006, partial η2 = .39). This indicates a robust increase in the activation of the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle during the index finger movement (p = .01) and the neutral movement (p .001) observation compared to the little finger movement. Conversely, a significant inhibition of the Abductor Digiti Minimi (ADM) muscle activity was observed during the index finger movement compared to neutral (p = .026). A reversed effect emerged during the little finger movement observation, with higher activation for the ADM muscle and inhibition of the FDI muscle (p = .037). These findings suggest an intricate interplay between MNS activation and muscle activation, indicating an increase in muscle activity corresponding to the observed finger movement and simultaneous inhibition of the muscle not involved in the observed movement.
New Working Memory Paradigm for Neuroimaging Testing of Visual and Verbal Modality under Different Attentional Involvement
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Otstavnov Nikita , Voevodina Ekaterina ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mening Semyon ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Urazaeva Renata ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation, Fedele Tommaso ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Working memory (WM) is a cognitive function essential for short-term maintenance of information in a highly accessible state to support goal-directed behavior. The classical behavioral model of WM includes a visuospatial sketchpad, a phonological loop and the central executive. Neuroimaging studies selectively targeted the activity associated with maintenance and processing of modality specific information. However, an experimental design is still missing that would enable the assessment of all components of WM drawing a holistic neuroimaging model. In this study, we propose a modified paradigm based on the classical retro-cue task, which allows disentangling the activity of all WM components, and in particular of the central executive. This paradigm consists of five conditions: passive perception, simple verbal storage, simple visual storage, alphabetical reordering (complex verbal) and mental rotation (complex visual). Testing on a cohort of 35 healthy adults, we obtained a similar workload for simple storage conditions with a low engagement of the central executive. A different workload was verified between the simple and complex conditions in both verbal and visual modalities. This experimental design provides the framework to assess the neural activity associated with the central executive components in different modalities and to address the question of a unitary or modality-specific central executive nature. Therefore, the paradigm is suitable for utilization in neuroimaging to potentially advance our comprehension of the WM organization.
Eye Movement Correlates of Working Memory Capacity: Evidence from the Reading Span Task
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chuikova Zhanna ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Izmalkova Anna ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shirokova Polina ,   Independent researcher, Shtyrov Yury ,   Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Myachykov Andriy ,   Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Published: October 2024

In reading, eye movements are typically influenced by both higher-level and lower-level cognitive processes that are affected by individual differences such as working memory capacity. However, the extent to which working memory impacts reading under increasing task demands remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the influence of working memory capacity, assessed via the n-back task, on peak saccade velocity during reading when an additional memory task is introduced. Thirty-one healthy participants with normal or corrected-to-normal vision read sentences performing either comprehension task or dual task on comprehension and working memory span. The results of the comprehension task were used as a baseline to track the differences in eye movement measures in the dual task with the increasing task demand. Participants who performed well in the n-back task exhibited higher peak saccade velocity during both single and dual reading tasks, particularly as the task demands increased: reading for comprehension while simultaneously maintaining six items in working memory was associated with the highest peak saccade velocity. Conversely, those with n-back lower performance did not display significant changes in peak saccade velocity. This discrepancy is attributed to task-induced variations in arousal among high-performing individuals. The study underscores the importance of individual differences in working memory and suggests a potential link between arousal and cognitive processes involved in reading comprehension.
“Money versus goods” in the conditions of limited and unlimited choice
Authors:   Independent researcher, Maricheva Maria
Published: October 2024

This work is dedicated to the subjective value of money as a factor in the buyer's freedom to choose from a range of available products and services. It is suggested that the value of money goes beyond the product that could potentially been purchased with that money, it has an "added value" – the value of the freedom to choose between many products. This research is based on a previous study conducted in collaboration with V.A. Petrovsky, where this phenomenon was shown empirically. The purpose of this work is to compare the subjective value (attractiveness) of money and, accordingly, the goods purchased with this money, in conditions of free and limited choice. The conducted experiment allows to analyze this difference quantitatively and explore its causes qualitatively. Four groups of respondents were identified, differing in their resolution of the attractiveness of products or money, based on the number of available options. It was recorded that for the majority of participants, money, in a situation of free choice, is more attractive than goods potentially purchased with this money. It has been shown that the available range of choices affects the subjective value of money. The maximum attractiveness of money belongs to the average range of product selection – from 5 to 10 options. The attractiveness of money decreases, although it remains positive, in all other cases when the freedom of choice of goods is either limited ("there is nothing to choose from!") or too great ("immensity" and, consequently, the "burden" of choice). The phenomenon of non-economic (psychological) asymmetry of the value (attractiveness) of money and the value of goods was established. Three phenomena have been found in relation to different groups of people: the phenomenon of the predominant value of money regardless of the measure of freedom of choice; the phenomenon of the predominant value of things regardless of the measure of freedom of choice; the phenomenon of the predominant value of money in conditions of working and unlimited freedom of choice.
Online Psychotherapy: The Main Problems and Evaluation of Effectiveness
Authors:   State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chvilyova Olga , Voronin Anatoly ,   Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The article explores the development and current state of online psychotherapy, the variety of methods and platforms that provide access to psychological assistance via the Internet. It discusses a broad spectrum of terminology related to digital technologies in the field of mental health, emphasizing the importance of standardizing terms to improve the quality of scientific research and practical activities in this area. The use of online technologies in psychotherapy practice has sparked numerous discussions regarding their effectiveness and suitability for widespread application. The advantages of online psychotherapy include accessibility, barrier reduction, convenience, and anonymity. However, the implementation of online psychotherapy creates serious issues related to the lack of personal contact, confidentiality, organizational, and legal questions. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing problems, including vicarious traumatization and a lack of experience in remote formats, and has also reignited debates about the advisability and effectiveness of online psychotherapy. Contradictory and divergent opinions about online psychotherapy have set the goals for this article: to explicate the main issues arising from the use of the remote format in psychotherapeutic practice and to assess its effectiveness. The article discusses in detail the main issues of online psychotherapy at the current stage: disruption of non-verbal communication, the quality of the therapeutic alliance, ensuring confidentiality and security, vicarious traumatization, and low digital competencies. The results of a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of online psychotherapy are presented, showing a modest positive effect when compared to the traditional face-to-face format. The identified advantages and disadvantages of the online format reveal opportunities for its effective integration into practical activities.
Yağmur sularının sulama sisteminde kullanılması: İstanbul Baltalimanı Polisevi Tesisleri otel binası örneği
Authors: Güneş Tigen Meltem , Diler Tuğçe
Published: October 2024

Küresel ısınma, çevre kirliliği, bilinçsiz su tüketimi ve su kaynaklarının eşitsiz dağılımı, su kaynaklarının azalması ve susuzluk sorununu giderek artmaktadır. Bu durum, su kaynaklarının etkin ve sürdürülebilir yönetimini zorunlu hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul Baltalimanı Polisevi Tesisleri otel binası çatısında biriken yağmur suyunun depolanıp otomatik sulama sisteminde kullanılmasına yönelik bir uygulama ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, yağmur suyu hasadı konusunda farkındalık yaratmak ve bu tür uygulamaların kentlerde yaygınlaşmasını teşvik etmektir. Böylece, bahçelerde otomatik sulama sistemlerinde kullanılan su gibi yapı dışındaki su tüketimi için alternatif su kaynaklarının kullanımıyla doğal su kaynaklarının korunması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışma alanı, meteoroloji verileri, uydu görüntüleri ve altyapı durumuna göre analiz edilmiştir. Su toplama kapasitesi, çatı yüzeyi ve sert zemin miktarları hesaplanarak, depolanacak ve toplanacak yağmur suyu miktarları belirlenmiştir. Yağmur suyu hasadı için gerekli tesisat ve altyapının hazırlanması amacıyla boru çapı ve adeti ile belediyelerin konumlandırdığı su toplama kanalları tespit edilmiştir. İstanbul Baltalimanı Polisevi Tesisleri otel binası çatısı ve balkonunda 1332 m²’lik alanda biriken 635 ton yağmur suyu toplanmış, ancak mevcut depolama alanlarının yetersizliği nedeniyle sadece 6 tonu depolanabilmiştir. Depolanan su, polyester depoda tutularak otomatik sulama sistemine aktarılmıştır. Boru çapı 6.873522 mm olarak hesaplanmış ve 70 mm çapında 27 boru kullanılması önerilmiştir. Çatı ve balkon alanlarında biriken yağmur suyunun büyük kısmı, belediyelerin yağmur suyu toplama kanallarına yönlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, alanın yağmur suyu kazanım potansiyeli belirlenmiş ve suyun depolanması için öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu tür uygulamaların teşvik edilmesi, su kaynaklarının etkin ve sürdürülebilir kullanımını artırarak su krizlerinin önlenmesine ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasına önemli katkılarda bulunabilir.
Yuvacık Barajı Havzası’nda (Kocaeli, Türkiye) Schizophyllum commune Fr. (Agaricales: Schizophyllaceae)’nin çevresel ilişkilerinin analizi
Authors: Yılmaz Ersel , Acer Sabiha , İnan Muhittin , Karakaya Ayhan
Published: October 2024

Beyaz çürüklük etmeni olarak da bilinen Schizophyllum commune Fr., odunun kimyasal bileşenlerinden lignin de dahil olmak üzere bitki biyokütlesinin ayrışmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu tür en yaygın makroskopik mantar türlerinden biri olup Antarktika hariç her kıtada bulunur. Bu çalışmada, Yuvacık Havzası ormanlarının 1 km²lik sayısal parsellerinden rastgele seçilmiş 30’unda S. commune ’nin var/yok verileri ile alandan elde edilen çevresel veriler ki-kare ve t- testleri ile faktör analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. S. commune yayılışının çevresel faktörlerle ilişkisini analiz etmek ve görselleştirmek için Sayısal Arazi Modelinden (SAM) türetilebilen coğrafi katmanlar kullanılmıştır. S. commune'nin bazidiokarpları iki parsel hariç tüm parsellerde geniş yapraklı ağaçların dallarında tespit edilmiştir. Bu tür 20 ℃ ve üzeri sıcaklıklarda, %60-70 bağıl nemde iyi gelişmektedir. Ayrıca, 800 metre ve daha yüksek rakımları ve %20 ve daha fazla eğimleri tercih etmektedir. Faktör analizi ve ki-kare testleri iklim faktörleri, habitat faktörleri ve topografik faktörler olmak üzere üç ana kategoriyi ortaya koymaktadır. Bu türün araştırma alanındaki yayılışında en etkili faktörün iklimsel faktörlerden olan sıcaklık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye’de ormancılık ve orman ürünleri ön lisans programlarında yer alan orman ürünleri ile ilgili derslerin incelenmesi
Authors: Tırak Hızal Kamile , Öztürk Emel
Published: October 2024

Günümüzün sürdürülebilir ekonomik amaçlarının kavranması ve uygulanabilmesi adına doğal ekosistemin çok önemli bir parçasını oluşturan orman kaynakları ve dolayısıyla ormancılık ve orman ürünleri alanında da kaliteli bir eğitim sistemi kurgulanması gerekmektedir. Yükseköğretim içinde teknik ara eleman yetiştiren meslek yüksekokullarının da bu eğitim sistemindeki yeri kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, ormancılık ve orman ürünleri ön lisans programlarında okutulan orman ürünleri ile ilgili derslerin tespit edilmesi ve genel yapı içindeki ağırlığının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye’deki 27 devlet üniversitesi ve 35 meslek yüksekokulunun ormancılık ve orman ürünleri ön lisans programlarına ait ders programları incelenerek sınıflandırılmış ve elde edilen veriler analize uygun hale getirilerek ders ve ders saatlerinin dağılımları belirlenmiştir. Orman ürünleri ile ilgili zorunlu ders sayısının 5 ders ile en çok Kastamonu Üniversitesi Araç Rafet Vergili MYO, Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi Yenice ve Bayramiç MYO’larında olduğu, seçmeli ders sayısının ise 11 ders ile Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık MYO’da olduğu görülmüştür. Programlarda zorunlu derslerden en fazla, odun dışı orman ürünleri, orman ürünlerinden faydalanma ve ağaç malzeme teknolojileri ile seçmeli derslerde en fazla emprenye teknolojisi (odun koruma, odun koruma teknolojileri), orman ürünlerinden faydalanma, orman ürünlerinin pazarlanması, odun anatomisi (odun yapısı ve tanımı) derslerinin yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ön lisans programlarında yer alan ve teknik elemanların malzemeye olan hâkimiyetlerini sağlayacak olan orman ürünleri ile ilgili derslerin az ve yetersiz düzeyde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir.