bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on 3D Sampling and Monitoring of Power Supplies Based on Augmented Reality (AR) Technology
Authors: Xi Chen, Ying Wang Chao Wang,
Published: August 2021

In this paper, three-dimensional object detection and tracking based on neural network is studied. The application of Augmented Reality (AR) in power material sampling monitoring service in China Power Grid is presented, relying on the AR technology of 5G Internet of things to realize real-time capture of the information from power network infrastructure project to goods sampling inspection and monitoring, and to solve the difficult business management problem that many parties need to participate on the spot but can not guarantee the timeliness, the AR technology is used to mark, early-warning and trace the source of the problem materials, so as to ensure the authenticity and traceability of the whole process.
Social Relations, Science, Education, Lifestyle and Social Life in the Historical and Philosophical Heritage of the Khorezm Mamun Academy
Authors: Gularam Kamilovna Masharipova
Published: August 2021

In the historical and philosophical heritage of the scientists of the Khorezm Academy of Mamun, issues of social relations, science, education, lifestyle and social life are scientifically analyzed. It consists in identifying the influence of the natural science heritage of the scientists of the Khorezm Academy of Mamun on the development of socio-philosophical thinking, substantiating its significance in the history of philosophy, its place in the development of modern philosophy and its role in the development of philosophy. creation of new knowledge.
Discussion on the Fairness of “Private School with Public Assistance” Education Policy of Macaoin the Context of Industrialization
Authors: Hongfeng Zhang Shaodan Su,
Published: August 2021

The“PrivateSchool with Public Assistance” Education Policy of Macao is implemented with strong financial support from the government.Rawls' “Justice” thought contains ideological connotations such as equal freedom, fair opportunity, and difference principles. The two justice principles proposed by Rawls have profound value enlightenment for the adjustment of interests and the reconciliation of contradictions in social issues.In Macau, the industrial manufacturing industry is relatively lacking. The development of tourism and gaming industry has accumulated a solid financial foundation for Macau.Currently, the basic education in Macau presents a pattern in which private schools are the mainstay. The government’s subsidy policy for private schools can be inspired by Rawls’s “Justice” thoughts to think about achieving equal educational opportunities, fair resource allocation, and differentiated adjustment of distribution standards.
The Rise of Non Conventional Energy Prompted the Reunderstanding and Division of Oil and Gas Migration in the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Jianjun Chen Yicong Peng,
Published: August 2021

In recent years, with the development of coal bed methane, especially large-scale success shale oil and gas exploitation, People will not only in sedimentary basin energy re classified as conventional energy and non conventional energy, And the non conventional energy referred to an important aspect and a situation of tripartite confrontation of the conventional energy sources, new energy, In this paper, in the identity of non conventional energy in the future as a kind of new energy type, Analysis is made on the global and China's major non conventional energy, resources potential, exploration and exploitation of species status, Foundation and face geological theories and engineering problems on, Emphasis on non conventional energy and conventional energy relationship, Both belong to the Petroleum industry. Is called the non conventional energy, is compared with the conventional energy. Because, whether conventional or non conventional sources of energy, Basically are generated and preserved in the sedimentary basin, or that there is a close relationship with sedimentary basin. Coal bed methane, shale gas, oil sands, oil shale, tight oil and gas, it is called the non conventional energy. Compared with the conventional energy sources -- coal, oil, and gas. Obviously, there are many similarities between them. That is, all belong to the fossil energy, To form (coal) containing oil and gas basin. The formation, not only distribution and evolution of the basin development, And form, and conventional energy accumulation are closely linked, not separate. It can be said that most of the non conventional energy product belongs to the oil and gas in different periods, the same kind of energy at different stages, Research thinks, migration to bridge non conventional energy and conventional energy sources of oil and gas, Unconventional oil and gas is the inheritance and development of conventional oil and gas, Unconventional oil and gas is the extension and expansion of conventional oil and gas denotation, connotation .
Study on Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cultural and Creative Industries in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Yue Qin Di Lv,
Published: August 2021

The agglomeration of cultural and creative industries has developed into a remarkable trend under economic internationalization. In this paper, literature review and research status of cultural and creative industries are firstly conducted. The spatial distribution characteristics of cultural and creative industries in Zhejiang province are analyzed by using location entropy and data from 2012 to 2017. The conclusion shows that the cultural and creative industries in Zhejiang province present a spatial clustering trend, but different cities have different development levels. This paper constructs the indicator system of influencing factors and analyzes its influencing factors by means of grey correlation. It shows that economic factors have the greatest influence on the agglomeration of cultural and creative industries, followed by technological, resource and market factors. The development and agglomeration of the cultural and creative industry in Zhejiang province depends on the development of industry, theapplicationandmanagementofinformationtechnology and the lack of creative talents is the obstacle to its development. Therefore, education should be developed, mass innovation should be encouraged, and a good market environment should be created for the cultural and creative industry.
Evaluation on Sustainable Development of Urban Agglomeration under the New Urbanization and the Industrial StructureUpgraded Based on a Case Study of Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Huang Haili
Published: August 2021

The new urbanization has a connotation of human-centered urbanization, covering the synchronization of informatization, industrialization, agricultural modernization and urbanization, the optimization of layout, ecological civilization, cultural inheritance, and the realization of balanced and sustainable development among population, economy, society, resources and environment. Taking the path of new urbanization is the development direction of Chinese cities in the future.It is an important measure taken by the Chinese government to implement the new concept of development to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure and achieve balanced development between ecological and ecological protection and economic and social development. In this paper, firstly, based on the relevant theories of urbanization at home and abroad, the evaluation index system of urban sustainable development is constructed in five dimensions: economic market driving force, population and social development force, resources and environment carrying capacity, public service guarantee force, and urban-rural integration and aggregation force to study the cities and counties in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration region. Then, the factor analysis method is used to perform sub-item and comprehensive evaluation on the urban sustainable development capability. Finally, combined with the development characteristics of each city in the urban agglomeration, relevant development strategies and suggestions are put forward to provide reference for the development of urbanization.
Strategies for Improving Teachers' Information-based Teaching Quality in Vocational Collegesunder the Background of New Industrial Revolution
Authors: Yihuai Chen Fengmei He,
Published: August 2021

As "the fifth generation of educational revolution", the State Council and Ministry of Education have deployed and built a general environment for education informatization in 10 years. Vocational education cultivates information-literate high-quality technical talents, which is bound to require a promotion on teachers' information-based teaching literacy. Taking Zhejiang province's as an example, push forward from 5 aspects of "building platform, focusing on techniques, encouraging seminar, implementing educational reform, more integration"; conduct spiral progression means of "match-seminar-study-practice"; in allusion to information-based teaching literacy's concept, technical operation, resource application, design implementation, literacy transmission, assessment promotion, have a research on practical informational technology's rational application and methods to promote teachers' information-based teaching literacy, accelerate vocational education concept's innovation and development, provide high-quality talents for industrial transformation and upgrading.
Risk Control of Manufacturing Enterprise Short-term Financial Investment Based on COSO-ERM and Industry 4.0
Authors: Xiaoxin Chen Lian He,
Published: August 2021

In this paper, firstly, the risk management and control process of related enterprises after COSO-ERM framework is introduced and the risk assessment and control methods of related investment strategies are introduced emphatically by studying the short-term financial investment business of manufacturing enterprises.Then, the risk probability method for measuring the risk size and the possibility of achieving the expected goals is introduced. Next, the differences between the risk curve and the risk probability curve are further compared. Finally, in Industry 4.0, it is concluded that the introduction of COSO-ERM framework into manufacturing enterprise risk management will not only help to grasp the implementation of enterprise strategic objectives through effective internal control, but also help to effectively assess the risks of strategic objectives and the possibility of achieving strategic objectives.
Problems and Countermeasures of Cost Control in Civil Engineering Management Based on Cloud Computing Technology Under the Background of Manufacturing 2025
Authors: Jin Liu, Shasha Li Hanguang Lu,
Published: August 2021

The application of information management in manufacturing industry is more and more extensive. Information management has become the main development direction of current civil engineering cost management. Therefore, the problems and Countermeasures of cost control in civil engineering management based on cloud computing technology are put forward. After a brief description of the current information management of engineering cost, a project cost management model based on the cloud computing platform is designed according to the demand of the information management of the current project cost. Through the experimental comparison, it is proved that the project cost management model based on cloud computing is more advantageous than the traditional management mode, whether it is the management cost or the management efficiency.
Research on the Choice between Fertility and Career Development under the Universal Two Child Policy during the Post-Industrial Erain China
Authors: Zhaominzou Xiulan Chen,
Published: August 2021

With China's society entering the post-industrialera, the decline of fertility has become a serious issue for China’s sustainable economic growth. After the implementation of the universal two-child policy, career women inChinaare confronted with the contradiction between fertility and career development. In this context, we choose career women as the research object, and investigate its fertility intention and its impact on career development. The research on this issue is not only aimed at the consequence of“the universal two-child” policy, but also seek to further explore whether the possible “universal three-child” or “fully liberalization of birth policy” will still encounter this problem.We investigated656 career women in Zhejiang Province and found that their choice of fertility was mainly affected by several characteristics, such as different age, family status, educational background, the nature of the work, exist significant difference. The results of the factor analysis model showed that there are four major factors as workplace development factor, family atmosphere factor, national policy factor, social environment factor which affectfertility intentions of the career women. Finally, logistic regression model was established using four factors are deeply analyzed the various factors, especially the career development factors on the influence of career women fertility intentions.
Analysis on Spatial Distribution of Rural Public Venues and Its Influencing Factors from Low-Carbon Perspective: Take Shijiaying Village as an example
Authors: Zhen Li Chunyang Yang,
Published: August 2021

At present, rural areas are becoming the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and it is imperative to explore a low-carbon construction and development model suitable for rural areas.In view of insufficient vitality of rural public venues, through a combination of field visits and investigations, ArcGIS spatial analysis and related mathematical statistics, the service range index and service distribution index of rural public venues are created, and Shijiaying Village, representative of the Guanzhong Plain area, is selected as an example to analyze the spatial distribution of its public venues. It is found that rural public venues present the overall characteristics of unbalanced spatial distribution, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, administrative village-level public venues have small effective service range; second, there are distinctive differences in service distribution between different villages; third, rural public venues lack service in overall. Factors such as the distribution pattern of rural settlements, the location layout and type of the venues exert an important impact on the spatial distribution of rural public venues. The study is expected to provide a useful reference for the planning and construction of rural public venues and the quality improvement of human settlements in China in the new era.
An Optimized K-means Algorithm for Text Clustering
Authors: Zhao Jiani
Published: August 2021

In the process of data mining, the two major problems confronted by K-means clustering analysis are the determination of the initial cluster center and the valuing of k. The traditional K-means algorithm has obvious subjectivity in the above-mentioned two aspects, which will directly affect the clustering effect. In this paper, an analysis method combining relational matrix and degree centrality is proposed to determine the initial center point and the k value of K-means algorithm. The improved K-means algorithm is applied to the clustering analysis of the Chinese entrepreneurial policy text collection, and the clustered topic effects are visually displayed through the word cloud graphs. This empirical analysis not only verifies its effectiveness and objectivity for the improved algorithm in processing large clusters of long text document clusters with random unknown number of categories and category topics, but also provides an approach for the objective classification of Chinese entrepreneurial policy text collections in the meanwhile.
Optimization of Working Bench Length of Inclined Composite Coal Seam Open-Pit Mine
Authors: Et al. Haoran Li,
Published: August 2021

In order to optimize the Working bench length of inclined composite coal seam open pit mine, Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the relationship between different mining technology working bench and working face transport costs was studied, The influence of the length of the working bench on the stripping ratio of production and the mining with discharging cost of the unit coal in the mining area were studied. Taking the minimum sum of the transportation cost of working face and the cost of mining and discharging of the unit coal as the goal, a mathematical model is established, which takes the working bench as independent variable,the corresponding function curve was obtained, Considering the macroscopic planning of open-pit mine, obtain an optimization method for the length of economical and reasonable working bench of inclined composite coal seam open pit mine on the basis of technical feasibility. A case study of Heishan opencast coal mine,the Results show that when the length of working bench of the 13-2 coal seam is 0.9km, the minimum annual cost of mining and discharging and the transportation cost of the open pit mine were the smallest, and the minimum value is 269 million yuan, Considering the actual pit-limit of Heishan open pit mine, it is concluded that the comprehensive optimum line length of 13-2 coal seam in Heishan open-pit mine is 1.0km.
Study on the Shape Optimization of Composite Slope at the End of Irregular Boundary Open-Pit Mine
Authors: Et al. Haoran Li,
Published: August 2021

In order to optimize the shape of the compound slope at the end of the open-pit mine under the condition of non-irregular boundary, the compound slope composed of the stope end and the inner dump in the south of the open-pit mine in Pingshuo is studied. Due to the impact of land acquisition, the space of external dump is seriously insufficient, and with the development and change of mining engineering and the influence of geological structure, the problem of compound form optimization and the release and utilization of internal drain space in the south side is generated. Through field investigation and theoretical analysis and numerical analysis method, on the basis of investigating the ore party production status, to establish a 3 d geological model, select two battery profile typical position, using rigid body limit equilibrium method from the perspective of 2 d, in the full study south help shrink battery limit compound stope side slope and mine safety distance, flat width, and the direction of dump active line and the relationship between the stability design of multiple slope configuration scheme, through the various methods of slope stability, enforceability and comparing some important parameters such as displacement capacity, ultimately determine the technology feasible economic and reasonable boundary zone composite slope space form. Based on the above research results, FLAC3D software was used to study the stress-strain relationship inside the slope, revealing the deformation and failure mechanism and stability of the composite slope in the south bound area. The results show that the landslide mode and stability of the composite slope in the south bound area of pingshuoAndaobao open-pit coal mine are mainly controlled by the safe distance between stope and dump and the weak layer of 11 coal floor. According to the design, the economic and reasonable parameters of the composite slope in the south slope shrinkage boundary area are as follows: the safe distance between the stope end side and the dump site is 50m, the width of the dump flat plate is 60m, and the working line Angle of the dump line with the abandonment height of 255m is 125°, the total discard space was95,934,100 m3.
Research on Structured Description Framework of High Temperature Molten Metal Accident
Authors: Et al. Tan Yang,
Published: August 2021

The high-temperature molten metal leakage accident and its secondary accidents have become urgent problems to be solved in the current metallurgical industry because of their destructive power. The description of the high temperature molten metal leakage accident structure is the basis for studying its evolution law. Based on the idea of collection, this article uses multiple case analysis methods to abstract the accident attributes, and constructs an accident institutionalized description framework with the content of accident types, internal attributes, environmental attributes, management attributes, and hazard assessment attributes. A structured description of the leak. Finally, the “4.18” ladle capping accident of Qinghe special steel in Tieling, Liaoning Province was selected for example verification, and the attribute relationship between the primary accident and the secondary accident was analyzed. The research results have reference value for studying the evolution law of high temperature molten metal leakage accidents and making emergency decisions.
Evaluation Method of Complex Slope Stability in Construction Industry Based on Correlation Calculation
Authors: Zhu Weiwei
Published: August 2021

Based on the basic-element expression method and correlation function theory in Extenics, combined with the knowledge of slope engineering, a method for evaluating the stability of complex slope is proposed. The evaluation process includes the selection of suitable evaluation indexes of slope stability, identificationof the classification standard for the slope stability, identificationof the weights of evaluation indexes by using the improved analytic hierarchy process,identificationof the classical domain, node domain and matter-element under evaluation,the calculation of the correlation of each stability class for each evaluation index, normalization of correlation,and so on. The selection rule of the slop stability evaluation indexes and selection of correlation function and optimal points are also discussed, which can provide reference for slope engineering designin construction industry.
The Application Progress and Prospect of Miniature Spectrometer in Precision Agriculture
Authors: Jianrang Luo, Ruiwen Liu Hui Zhi,
Published: August 2021

Miniature spectrometers are widely used in various fields such as industry and agriculture thanks to their advantages of easy portability, non-destructive testing, online testing, and high efficiency. By surveying massive research results at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the current development status of miniature near-infrared spectrometers at home and abroad, emphatically introduces the application research progress of miniature spectrometers in precision agriculture. Finally, it outlooks the development prospects of miniature spectrometers. While improving specificity, miniature spectrometers are developing towards high performance, new principles, and single chip.
Risk Identification of Heavy Rain-induced Muck soil Landslide
Authors: Aimin Yao, Shiguo Sun Shaojie Feng, Hang Hu,
Published: August 2021

Based on Monte Carlo method, this paper calculates landslide probability of muck soil slopes under different rainfall time, rainfall intensity, soil permeability coefficient and slope angle, thus obtaining the probability samples of muck soil landslides. On this basis, logistic regression method of nonlinear classification is used for data fitting and analysis, thus establishing nonlinear function . Function expression is derived by data fitting, and a landslide probability evaluation model is constructed. Based on analysis of engineering examples, the error between this method and the numerical calculation results is within 10%, and the evaluation results are reasonable. It provides theoretical support for rapid identification of muck soil landslide risk under heavy rain conditions.
Ultrases Uygulamasının Elma Suyu İlaveli Trabzon Hurması Nektarının Reolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: DÜNDAR Burcu
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada, turuncu renge, kendine özgü tat ve yapıya sahip, lif, antioksidan, fenolik bileşikler bakımından zengin bir meyve olan Trabzon hurması (Diospyros kaki), nektara işlenerek değerlendirilmiş ve nektarlara farklı yoğunluklarda (15, 30 ve 60 dk - 24 kHz) ultrases enerjisi uygulanmıştır. Nektarların 20-60 s-1 kayma hızı aralığı ve sabit sıcaklıktaki bazı reolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Hurma nektarının akış davranışını açıklayan en uygun modelin Ostwald-de Waele olduğu (R2>0.98410), sırasıyla 1.4640 - 0.5308 ve 0.2815 - 0,3954 aralığında değişim gösteren modele ait kıvam indeksi (k, mPa.s) ve akış davranış indeksi (n) parametreleri ile birlikte ortaya konulmuştur. Nektarlara uygulanan ultrases uygulama süresi arttıkça nektarların viskozite değerinde 112.70 ‘den 59.75 mPas seviyesine önemli düzeyde azalma meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, ultrases uygulamasının Trabzon Hurması nektarı gibi yüksek viskoziteli ürünlerin viskozitesini azaltarak tüketimini kolaylaştırma potansiyeli bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Biberiye [Rosmarinus officinalis L.] Uçucu Yağının Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)’un Yumurta Bırakma Davranışına Etkisi ve Erginlere Karşı Toksisitesi
Authors: ELMA Fatmanur , ÇETİN Hüsyin
Published: August 2021

Depolanmış baklagillerde kayıplara yol açan zararlılara karşı mücadelede sentetik organik insektisitlere alternatif kimyasallar belirlemek amacıyla, biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) uçucu yağı Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)’ a karşı laboratuvar koşullarında test edilmiştir. Biberiye uçucu yağının erginlere rezidüyel (kalıntı) etkisi ve dişilerin yumurta bırakmasını engelleme etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca dişilerin yumurta bırakma tercihine etkisi de Free-choice (serbest-seçenekli) testi ile belirlenmiştir. Toksisite denemesinde uçucu yağ püskürtme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Tüm denemelerde biberiye uçucu yağının % 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 (w/w) olmak üzere 4 farklı konsantrasyonu kullanmıştır. Toksisite denemesinin sonucunda erginlerde LC50 değeri 24 saat sonunda % 0.368; 48 saat sonunda ise % 0.148 olarak belirlenmiştir. Biberiye uçucu yağının konsantrasyonu arttıkça dişilerin daha az yumurta bıraktığı gözlenmiş ve en yüksek konsantrasyonda yumurta bırakmayı engelleme oranı %19.11 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yumurta bırakma tercihi denemelerinde ise biberiye uçucu yağının en yüksek konsantrasyonunda yumurta sayısı düşükken, en düşük konsantrasyonda daha fazla bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu veriler, C. maculatus’un mücadelesinde biberiye uçucu yağının kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olabilecek bileşiklerin geliştirmesinde veri kaynağı oluşturabileceğini göstermiştir.
Afyonkarahisar İlinde Patates Üretiminin Ekonomik Analizi
Authors: KADAKOĞLU Bektaş , KARLI Bahri
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; patates üretimi yapan işletmelerin üretim maliyetlerini ve kârlılık göstergelerini hesaplayarak işletmelerin ekonomik analizini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma alanı olarak Afyonkarahisar ilinin seçilmesinde Türkiye’nin önemli patates üretim merkezlerinden biri olması etkili olmuştur. Çalışmanın ana materyali 2019 üretim yılında patates üretimi yapan işletmeler arasından tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 79 işletmeyle görüşülerek elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. İşletmelerde dekara toplam üretim masrafları içerisinde değişen masrafların payı %82.23, sabit masrafların payı ise %17.77 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Değişen masraflar içerisinde en önemli masraf kalemi tohum masrafı olup bunu ilaç, gübre, elektrik ve makine kirası masraflarının takip ettiği belirlenmiştir. Sabit masraflar içerisinde en önemli masraf kaleminin arazi kirası olduğu belirlenmiştir. Patates üretiminde üretim masrafları 3521.53 TL/da, GSÜD 3556.06 TL/da, brüt kâr 660.42 TL/da, net kâr 34.53 TL/da, nispi kâr ise 1.01 olarak hesaplanmıştır. İşletmelerde ortalama patates verimi 3658 kg/da, 1 kg patatesin üretim maliyeti ise 0.96 TL olarak belirlenmiştir. Bölgede patates işletmelerinin maliyetlerinin yüksek, kârlılıklarının düşük olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Patates üretiminde tohum, ilaç, gübre ve enerji kullanımının diğer ürünlere kıyasla daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiş olup girdi fiyatlarında yaşanan artışlar patates üreticilerinin kârlılıklarını düşürdüğü tespit edilmiştir.
The Effects of Chitosan on Aluminium Accumulation in the Gill, Liver and Muscle of Freshwater Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: CİVAOĞLU Deren , KARAYAKAR Fahri , CİCİK Bedii , CANLI Mustafa
Published: August 2021

In this study, accumulation of aluminium (Al) in the gill, liver and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus were determined following exposure to 1, 2 and 4 ppm concentrations of Al alone and together with 10 ppm chitosan for 7, 14 and 21 days. Aluminium concentrations in the tissues was measured by ICP-MS. There were no fish mortality apparent morphological changes during the experiments. Although there were some apparent behavioural and morphological changes in fish in the beginning of the experiments, these changes returned to the normal in longer period. Al concentrations of the tissues increased significantly (PLiver>Muscle. Data also showed that chitosan significantly (P
"Who Only Cricket Know"
Authors: Evans George
Published: August 2021

Sport is considered to be apolitical. But nothing could be further from the truth. In fact,
sport and discourses around sport support and sustain dominant hegemony in various ways. This is
just as true for the public school origins of modern sport as it is for contemporary global sport.
Whether it be the capitalist ethic of the American Dream, or the imperial, British, ethic of ‘fair play,’
sport does not exist independent from ideology. Instead, sport is used as a social disciplining tool that
underhandedly justifies, disciplines, and “normalizes” social behavior, culture, and dominant ideologies.
This thesis begins with an examination of the role of sport as a tool for social disciplining but, alongside,
also delves into instances when sport has provided individuals the opportunity to reconstitute their identities
and subjective autonomies against dominant cultural hegemonies. Through analyses of nineteenth, twentieth, and
twenty-first century cultural texts (literature and film), I argue that sport functions to both interpolate us
as subjects and awaken us from docility in order lead us to critically engage with the world. The aim of this project
is to identify these different functions of sport as social discourse and theorize a route by which sport can become
more authentically emancipatory in the global present.
Whey Protein Powder Analysis by Kjeldahl and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Saxton Rose
Published: August 2021

There is an ever-expanding number of high protein dietary supplements marketed as beneficial to athletes, body builders, infant formulas, elder care, and animal feed. Consumers will pay more for products with high protein per serving data on their nutritional labels, making the accurate reporting of protein content critical to customer confidence. The Kjeldahl Method (KM) is the industry standard to quantitate dairy proteins, but the result is based on nitrogen content, which is an approximation of nitrogen attributable to protein in milk. Optical spectroscopy is commonly used for quality control measurements and has been identified as having the potential to complement the KM as a more nuanced testing measure of dairy protein. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy offers advantages over the KM in that IR provides an accurate representation of protein content in dairy products, and the results can be achieved very quickly. Protein analysis by IR has been used to study protein degradation in aged cheeses, and milk whey powder adulteration in whey protein concentrate supplements. The hypothesis of this thesis is that if mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy can be used to characterize individual whey proteins, then MIR should be applicable to qualitative analysis of protein powders and quality control monitoring of protein powder products for adulteration by inexpensive protein or amino acids. Protein powder analysis by KM revealed that the calculated total percent protein of the five protein powders tested was lower than the value stated on the product label, the percent variation between label protein content and that of the KM ranged from 2.9% to 9.5%. MIR spectroscopy spectra of four whey protein standards and four other protein standards provided qualitative characterization of each protein by amide I and amide II peak absorbance wavenumber. Product tampering by third-party manufacturers is an issue, due to the lack of United States Food and Drug Administration regulation of nutraceutical products, permitting formulators to add low-cost nitrogen-containing components to artificially inflate the KM approximated protein content of the products. Protein powders have been found to be doped with the amino acids glycine, leucine, and glutamic acid and inexpensive proteins, like bovine serum albumin. Controlled doping experiments were conducted with each of the above listed adulterants to assess the effectiveness of MIR spectroscopy to rapidly detect product tampering. Protein doping experiments revealed that as BSA amounts were increased, the amide I/II peak shape changed from the broad protein powder peaks to the narrower BSA peaks. Amino acid doping experiments revealed that the limit of detection for MIR spectroscopy, for the three amino acids used in this study, is 25%. MIR spectroscopy results may offer product quality assurance that is complementary to dairy protein measurement by the KM.
Binary Particle Mixtures as a Heat Transfer Media in Shell-and-Plate Moving Packed Bed Heat Exchangers
Authors: Christen Chase Ellsworth
Published: August 2021

Solid particles are being considered in several high temperature thermal energy storage systems and as heat transfer media in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. The downside of such an approach is the low overall heat transfer coefficients in shell-and-plate moving packed bed heat exchangers caused by the inherently low packed bed thermal conductivity values of the low-cost solid media. Choosing the right particle size distribution of currently available solid media can make a substantial difference in packed bed thermal conductivity, and thus, a substantial difference in the overall heat transfer coefficient of shell-and-plate moving packed bed heat exchangers. Current research exclusively focuses on continuous unimodal distributions of alumina particles. The drawback of this approach is that larger particle sizes require wider particle channels to meet flowability requirements. As a result, only small particle sizes with low packed bed thermal conductivities have been considered for the use in the falling-particle Gen3 CSP concepts. Here, binary particle mixtures, which are defined in this thesis as a mixture of two continuous unimodal particle distributions leading to a continuous bimodal particle distribution, are considered to increase packed bed thermal conductivity, decrease packed bed porosity, and improve moving packed bed heat exchanger performance. This is the first study related to CSP solid particle heat transfer that has considered the packed bed thermal conductivity and moving packed bed heat exchanger performance of bimodal particle size distributions at room and elevated temperatures. Considering binary particle mixtures that meet particle sifting segregation criteria, the overall heat transfer coefficient of shell-and-plate moving packed bed heat exchangers can be increased by 23% when compared to a monodisperse particle system. This work demonstrates that binary particle mixtures should be seriously considered to improve shell-and-plate moving packed bed heat exchangers.
Assessment of ICESat-2 Level 3A Products for Snow Depth Estimation in Remote, Mountainous Watersheds
Authors: Elkin Colten Michael
Published: August 2021

Seasonal snowpack accounts for ~70% of the water supply in the western United States, and measuring snow accumulation and
ablation remotely has long been a stated goal of NASA. The 2018 launch of ICESat-2, a spaceborne Lidar system, has offered
unparalleled spatial and temporal coverage of mountainous terrain with the potential for unprecedented vertical accuracy. Data
from ICESat-2 are used to measure seasonal snow depths using the level-3A ATL08 (land and canopy elevation) product for the
Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho and the ATL06 (land ice elevation) product for Wolverine Creek in the
Kenai Mountains of Alaska. The methodology for coregistering ICESat-2 transects to reference digital terrain models then estimating
snow depths as the difference between the ICESat-2 and reference elevations is described. Median and MAD snow depths for transects
from 2019 and 2020 are 3.1 +/- 6.7m at Reynolds Creek EW and are 5.5 +/- 2.1m at Wolverine glacier. Here we find that measuring snow depths
using ICESat-2 is crude in variable, vegetated terrain covered by the ATL08 data product, and that there is not a strong relationship between
the residual values reported at Reynolds Creek EW and terrain parameters such as slope, aspect, vegetative coverage, and elevation. We do find
that the ATL06 analysis results in reasonable first-order estimates of snow depth but that the evolution of the glacier surface elevations
must be more accurately constrained in order to ensure the snow depth estimates are unbiased.
I Will Not Stand in My Way
Authors: Lausch Sarah
Published: August 2021

Background: The impostor phenomenon (IP) describes a condition in which one has a feeling of intellectual
phoniness, leaving one to doubt their ability to succeed. Research states that in particular, female STEM (science,
technology, engineering, math) college students in male-dominated programs, such as engineering and computer science,
are affected by such feelings. IP has shown consequences for female students' retention, feeling of belonging, and success,
which contribute to STEM gender inequities. Recently it has been stated that strengthening the student's sense of self
individually through mindfulness might be another avenue of support.

Purpose: Using self-authorship theory, and with that taking into account science identity development,
the purpose is to explore and interpret the effects of mindfulness on female STEM graduate students' experience with IP
in computer science and engineering and their advancement on the self-authorship trajectory.

Methods: Ten graduate and doctoral students participated in this exploratory, mixed-methods study, by completing
an eight-week, self-led mindfulness program. The participants completed three semi-structured interviews, and weekly journals
entries, including drawings. Four surveys were administered pre- and post-intervention.

Results: A Mindfulness Foundation was developed that supported the participants in internalizing mechanisms to deal
with IP. Mindfulness also strengthened the participants' sense of self-authorship and a correlation of mindfulness, IP and
self-authorship was identified.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating mindfulness into STEM graduate education due
to its multifaceted impacts. Further underlined is the importance of giving female STEM graduate students the opportunity to
uncover their impostor feelings, explore their science identity, and grow self-authorship for professional success and well-being.
Using Digital Games in the Science Classroom
Authors: Anderson Tamara L.
Published: August 2021

High school science classes can be difficult for students to be successful in because of the content-specific vocabulary and the expectation of prior knowledge in the subject area that teachers have of their students. The use of digital games in the classroom can provide teachers with the tools to help students scaffold their learning and better grasp the vocabulary necessary to be successful in science class. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to focus teachers’ and students’ perceptions of digital games in the high school science classroom on vocabulary development, scaffolding learning by activating prior knowledge, and self-efficacy. Findings suggest that teachers and students believed that using digital games positively impacted the development of vocabulary knowledge and helped scaffolding learning. Some students found that their levels of self-efficacy were positively impacted by using digital games in their science classes. Teachers can use these findings to make informed decisions about how to integrate digital games into their science curriculum.
Understanding Learners' Experiences of Using ePortfolio in a High School Physics Course
Authors: Carroll Daniel P.
Published: August 2021

There has been a move toward personalized learning and alternative types of authentic assessment in K-12 education. This shift toward personalized learning and authentic assessment has been partly driven by increases in the available technology that can support those types of changes. This dissertation is a basic qualitative study aimed at understanding the experience of learners in a first-year physics class working with an ePortfolio as the primary method of assessment for that class. The school in which this research took place fully implemented a 1:1 program and has been piloting personalized learning strategies for the past five years. The use of ePortfolios in some physics classes was part of those initiatives. The data used in this study were taken from written responses to reflective prompts in ePortfolios and a series of individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a lens of self-efficacy and self-regulation. Result suggest that student experiences with ePortfolios include aspects of the development of academic self-efficacy and self-regulation along with self-reported reduction in academic stress.
Zariski Geometries and Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Zanussi Milan
Published: August 2021

Model theory is the study of mathematical structures in terms of the logical relationships they define between their constituent objects. The logical relationships defined by these structures can be used to define topologies on the underlying sets. These topological structures will serve as a generalization of the notion of the Zariski topology from classical algebraic geometry. We will adapt properties and theorems from classical algebraic geometry to our topological structure setting. We will isolate a specific class of structures, called Zariski geometries, and demonstrate the main classification theorem of such structures. We will construct some Zariski structures where the classification fails by adding some noncommuting structure to a classical one. Finally we survey an application of these nonclassical Zariski structures to computation of formulas in quantum mechanics using a method of structural approximation developed by Boris Zilber.
An Analysis of Ubiquitous Learning Environments and STEM Confidence Building Among Hispanic Students
Authors: Temple Torrence G.
Published: August 2021

The fastest-growing demographic in the United States is also the one with the biggest
struggle with academic success, particularly in STEM-related subjects. Pre-study research
observed that one of the most significant factors facing Hispanics is their set of psycho-social
behaviors influenced by cultural heritage. In a response to this challenge a solution was
developed and over the two years of its implementation failure rates among Hispanic students
dropped from department-wide chemistry class average of 40% down to under 10% in the treatment
population. The purpose of this study was to identify a theory that identifies the relationship
between individual factors that influenced the change in student success. Nineteen students
were interviewed regarding their experiences, vetted for Multi-Active behavioral tendencies,
and then their interview data were compared against their student achievement records
reflecting their before, during, and after program exposure. The findings indicated that
much of their success was due to uLearning program design elements that distinctly enabled
the Multi-Active psychosocial tendencies to co-exist the behavioral expectations of a Linear-Active
academic environment. Key criteria included design characteristics that focused on emotional
engagement, immediate feedback on assessments, a centralized learning site, and learning content
that supports real world application of learned material.
Foot Arch and Plantar Pressure in the Age of 17-21 Years
Authors: Wicaksono Arif , Kusumaningtyas Sasanthy , Tulaar Angela BM
Published: August 2021

Research on the plantar segment has not been widely carried out in Indonesia’s population, even though the plantar segment data will be essential in further research and therapy of plantar-related problems. Therefore, this research intends to describe the plantar profile: the foot arch and the plantar pressure difference between the right and left foot. This research applied a cross-sectional study. Subjects were recruited from the Faculty of Medicine students, Universitas Indonesia, class 2012, with inclusion criteria aged 17-21 years and normal gait. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria consisted of having postural abnormalities, a history of neuromusculoskeletal disorders in the lower limbs, a history of fractures in the spine and legs, a history of surgery on the spine and legs, and refusing to participate in the study. Research subjects stood on a plantar scanner, conducted at the Anatomy Laboratory, the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. The Mann-Whitney test was then used to analyze the difference in plantar pressure between the right and left foot. The results revealed that a hundred research subjects had a proportion of a low foot arch of 4%, a normal foot arch of 89%, and a high foot arch of 7%. The median right plantar pressure was 273.5 KPa, while the median left plantar pressure was 253.5 KPa. The Mann-Whitney test showed a p-value of 0.954 for the pressure difference between right and left foot. There was no plantar pressure difference between the right and left foot.
Differences in MMP-2 Expression in High- and Low-Grade MPNST and its Correlation with Prognostic Factors
Authors: Hardini Niniek , Siregar Nurjati Chairani , Wuyung Puspita Eka
Published: August 2021

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a soft tissue sarcoma, which is difficult to distinguish from other spindle cell sarcomas. MPNST is hostile, with a high recurrence, and tends to metastasize hematogenously, especially to the lungs. A phase of the metastasis is a degradation of the extracellular matrix, where Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) plays an essential role in this process. Gelatinase-type MMP, MMP-2 and MMP-9, can degrade basal membrane and fibrillar collagen to open the invasion pathway. MMP-2 can degrade more collagen and non-collagen extracellular matrix than MMP-9. Therefore, the study aimed to see the relationship between MMP-2 overexpression and histopathological malignancy grading and other clinical prognostic variables. The study was conducted by immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2 in 39 cases, consisting of 19 cases of low-grade MPNST and 20 cases of high-grade MPNST. Subsequently, an analysis of the relationship between MMP-2 overexpression and the malignancy grading and clinical variables was performed, such as age, sex, and tumor size and location. MMP-2 overexpression was seen in 19 (95%) cases of high grade and three (15.8%) cases of low-grade MPNST (p 0.000). The study also found a significant relationship between MMP-2 overexpression and histopathology grading, which may be helpful to define the prognosis.
Correo del BID: Vol. 3, no. 2, abril 1965
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Correo del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.