bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PEKERJAAN DENGANKUALITAS STIMULASI IBU PADA ANAK GEMUK USIA 2-5 TAHUN
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari
Published: September 2020

Stimulasi merupakan aspek kebutuhan dasar manusia. Anak gemuk memiliki kondisi yang rentan terhadap masalah kesehatan fisik dan motorik. Pemberian stimulasi pada masa anak-anak awal dapat menunjang kemampuan anak. Pengasuhan dalam keluarga pada umumnya dilakukan oleh ibu sebagai pengasuh utama. Kondisi dan sifat dari pekerjaan ibu mempengaruhi kualitas pengasuhan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik orang tua dengan kualitas stimulasi pada anak gemuk usia 2-5 tahun. Jenis penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 160 anak gemuk usia 2-5 tahun di wialayah kerja Puskesmas Kalasan. Pekerjaan anak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kualitas stimulasi (p=0.028). Kekuatan hubungan lemah dan arah hubungan positif (C=0.174). Ibu rumah tangga memiliki kualitas stimulasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ibu bekerja.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG SEKS DENGAN PRILAKU SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA DI SMA N 21 KOTA BATAM TAHUN 2019
Authors: Sari Ika Novita
Published: September 2020

Remaja adalah laki-laki tay perempuan dalam rentang usia 10-19 tahun. Hasil survei tahun 2012 oleh Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Provinsi Kepulauan Riau menunjukkan hanya 22% yang membuktikan pengetahuan komprhensif remaja. Menurut BKKBN (2016)  dalam artikel Tanjung Pinang Pos oleh (Miswanto, 2018), 46% remaja usia 15-19 tahun di Indonesia pernah melakukan hubungan seks, angka kehamilan di usia muda mencapai 500 ribu remaja perempuan dimana 30% diantaranya memilih untuk melakukan aborsi. Tujuan peneliti untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan pengetahuan Remaja tentang seks dengan perilaku seksual pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 21 Batam pada bulan agustus 2019. Populasi dan sampel penelitian dari 59 siswa/siswi. di dapatkan remaja yang memiliki pengetahuan seksual kurang baik dengan prilaku seksual negatif sebanyak 31 orang (86,1%) sedangkan remaja pengetahuan baik dengan prilaku seksual nrgatif sebanyak 9 orang (39,1%). Hasil uji statistik dengan Chi-Square diperoleh nilai p value= 0,000<0,05 dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak, artinya terdapat Hubungan pengetahuan remaja tentang seks dengan prilaku seksual pada remaja di SMA Negeri 21 Kota Batam Tahun 2019. Dari hasil penelitian di simpulkan pengetahuan seks nya baik sebanyak 23 siswa dan siswi (39%) dan responden yang pengetahuan seks nya kurang baik sebanyak 39 yaitu (61%). Dan prilaku seksual remaja yang berprilaku seksual positif sebanyak 19 responden (32,2%). kesimpulan peneliti bahwa pengetahuan seksual yang kurang baik akan memicu semakin tingginya angka kejadian remaja yang melakukan prilaku seksual negatif hal ini juga dapat di pengaruhi orang tua para remaja yang menganggap apabila anaknya tidak mempunyai pengetahuan tentang seks maka akan menghindari dan menjalani kehidupan seks yang tidak tercela tetapi kenyataan nya adalah bertentangan dengan hal itu remaja mencari informasi dan mencari dari teman-teman sekitarnya diluar tanpa sepengetahuan orang tua mereka sehingga membuat mereka mempunyai keinginan untuk mencoba apa saja yang telah mereka pelajari tentang seks.
ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТИНА МИРА НАКАНУНЕ
ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ:
УРОКИ ПОБЕДЫ ДЛЯ ГЕОПОЛИТИКИ XXI ВЕКА
Authors: ПЫЖ В.В.
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматривается геополитическая ситуация в мировом раскладе сил в предверии Второй Мировой войны. Сущность мировых процессов в межвоенный период. События, предшествовавшие возникновению боевых действий. Причины войны. Участие СССР во Второй Мировой и Великой Отечественной войне. Уроки и геополитические итоги Победы.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
СОПРЯЖЕНИЯ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА
И КИТАЙСКОЙ ИНИЦИАТИВЫ «ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ
ПОЯС ШЕЛКОВОГО ПУТИ»
Authors: ДОСАЕВА Д.М.
Published: September 2020

В данной статье ставится задача рассмотреть основные проблемы, направления и перспективы сопряжения двух интеграционных объединений – Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) и китайской транспортно-логистической инициативы «Экономический пояс Шелкового пути» (ЭПШП). Автор производит анализ стратегических интересов России и Китая и рассматривает возможность их реализации в контексте сопряжения Евразийского экономического союза и китайского проекта «Один пояс – один путь».
НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ МОРСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА РОССИИ
НА ТИХООКЕАНСКОМ И ИНДООКЕАНСКОМ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯХ
Authors: ЖУРАВЛЕВ О.В. , ТУШКОВ А.А.
Published: September 2020

Данное исследование посвящено актуальной теме – реализации национальной морской политики на Тихоокеанском и Индоокеанском региональных направлениях. Современный политический процесс в Юго-Восточной Азии настоятельно диктует России проводить в данном регионе эффективную морскую политику, обеспечивая значимую ее роль и место в новых сложившихся реалиях геополитического пространства. Стремительные изменения поствестфальского миропорядка в значительной мере изменили расстановку сил в мире. Это обстоятельство предъявляет России повышенные требования к эффективности ее не только политической, но и экономической составляющей. Российская Федерация являясь великой морской державой, морской потенциал которой обеспечивает реализацию и защиту ее национальных интересов в любом районе Мирового океана, служит важным фактором международной стабильности и стратегического сдерживания. Данный факт позволяет проводить независимую национальную морскую политику в качестве равноправного участника международной морской деятельности. В этой связи задачи, поставленные в Указе Президента РФ № 327«Об утверждении Основ государственной политики Российской Федерации в области военно-морской деятельности на период до 2030 года» от 25 июля 2017 года требуют их практической реализации. От выполнения задач зависит действенность отстаивания Россией своих политических и экономических интересов. С образованием Индо-Тихоокеанского региона (ИТР), открываются для России новые возможности по практической реализации национальной морской политики в данной морской зоне. В статье подробно рассматривается боевой состав флота, строительства новых типов кораблей и их возможности. Анализ данной проблемы позволяет наметить основные пути ее решения.
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Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, . .
Published: September 2020

Chezhan is located at the border of the two provinces of Yu and Anhui,close to the two provinces of Lu and Su. According to the “Chinese Language Atlas” (second Edition), this region belongs to the Shangfu cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin. This article takes Chezhan dialect（old） as the research object, based on field investigation, combined with previous research results, comprehensively and meticulously describes the phonetic system of Chezhan dialect, analyzes the phonetic characteristics of Chezhan dialect.
Preserving Minority Structures in Graph Sampling
Authors: Zhao Ying
Published: September 2020

Sampling is a widely used graph reduction
technique to accelerate graph computations and simplify graph visualizations.
By comprehensively analyzing the literature on graph sampling, we assume that
existing algorithms cannot effectively preserve minority structures that are
rare and small in a graph but are very important in graph analysis. In this
work, we initially conduct a pilot user study to investigate representative
minority structures that are most appealing to human viewers. We then perform
an experimental study to evaluate the performance of existing graph sampling
algorithms regarding minority structure preservation. Results confirm our
assumption and suggest key points for designing a new graph sampling approach
named mino-centric graph sampling (MCGS). In this approach, a triangle-based algorithm
and a cut-point-based algorithm are proposed to efficiently identify minority
structures. A set of importance assessment criteria are designed to guide the
preservation of important minority structures. Three optimization objectives
are introduced into a greedy strategy to balance the preservation between
minority and majority structures and suppress the generation of new minority
structures. A series of experiments and case studies are conducted to evaluate
the effectiveness of the proposed MCGS.
A New Evolutionary Algorithm: Learner Performance Based Behavior Algorithm
Authors: Rahman Chnoor M. , Rashid Tarik A.
Published: September 2020

A
novel evolutionary algorithm called learner performance based behavior
algorithm (LPB) is proposed in this article. The basic inspiration of LPB
originates from the process of accepting graduated learners from high school in
different departments at university. In addition, the changes those learners
should do in their studying behaviors to improve their study level at
university. The most important stages of
optimization; exploitation and exploration are outlined by designing the
process of accepting graduated learners from high school to university and the
procedure of improving the learner’s studying behavior at university to improve
the level of their study. To show the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, it is
evaluated against a number of test functions, such as traditional benchmark
functions, CEC-C06 2019 test functions, and a real-world case study problem. The
results of the proposed algorithm are then compared to the DA, GA, and PSO. The
proposed algorithm produced superior results in most of the cases and
comparative in some others. It is proved that the algorithm has a great ability
to deal with the large optimization problems comparing to the DA, GA, and PSO.
The overall results proved the ability of LPB in improving the initial
population and converging towards the global optima. Moreover, the results of
the proposed work are proved statistically.
Queuing over Ever-changing Communication Scenarios in Tactical Networks
Authors: Rigolin F. Lopes Roberto , Hanavadi Balaraju Pooja , Rettore Paulo H. , Sevenich Peter
Published: September 2020

This paper introduces a hierarchy of queues complementing each other to handle ever-changing communication scenarios in tactical networks. The first queue stores the QoS-constrained messages from command and control systems. These messages are fragmented into IP packets, which are stored in a queue of packets (second) to be sent to the radio buffer (third), which is a queue with limited space therefore, open to overflow. We start with the hypothesis that these three queues can handle ever-changing user(s) data flows (problem A) through ever-changing network conditions (problem B) using cross-layer information exchange, such as buffer occupancy, data rate, queue size and latency (problem A|B). We introduce two stochastic models to create sequences of QoS-constrained messages (A) and to create ever-changing network conditions (B). In sequence, we sketch a control loop to shape A to B to test our hypothesis using model A|B, which defines enforcement points at the incoming/outgoing chains of the system together with a control plane. Then, we discuss experimental results in a network with VHF radios using data flows that overflows the radio buffer over ever-changing data rate patterns. We discuss quantitative results showing the performance and limitations of our solutions for problems A, B and A|B.
Evaluasi Penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kota, Studi di Sub-Wilayah Kota Cibeunying, Bandung
Authors: Rahmy Widyastri A.
Published: September 2020

Penyediaan RTH kota dengan luasan minimal 30% dari total luas wilayah kota, sesuai arahan Undang-undang No. 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang, menjadi tantangan terutama bagi kawasan perkotaan dengan tingkat kegiatan pembangunan yang tinggi. Evaluasi penyediaan RTH Kota secara berkala menjadi penting untuk memantau dinamika kebutuhan RTH Kota pada suatu wilayah. Tulisan ini membahas evaluasi penyediaan RTH Kota di SWK Cibeunying, Kota Bandung melalui pemanfaatan data-data dari sumber terbuka (open source data). Proses analisis menggunakan data-data RTH Kota Bandung pada satu waktu yang diperoleh dari portal resmi pemerintah Kota Bandung dan portal geospasial Indonesia dengan pendekatan kuantitatif statistik deskriptif.
Identifikasi Prioritas Anak terhadap Indikator Kinerja Taman Bermain Layak Anak di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Sari Nastiti Purnama , Kipuw Desiree Marlyn
Published: September 2020

Melalui kebijakan Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak, pemenuhan hak bermain anak diharapkan dapat terwujud, salah satunya dengan menyediakan taman bermain yang layak anak. Kota Surakarta terpilih sebagai salah satu model pengembangan Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak di Indonesia pada tahun 2006. Dukungan pemerintah Kota Surakarta dalam pemenuhan hak bermain anak dibuktikan dengan membangun Taman Anak Cerdas sebagai tempat bermain, belajar, dan berkreativitas. Selain dukungan pemerintah, dalam mewujudkan Taman Anak Cerdas sebagai tempat bermain anak, juga membutuhkan dukungan masyarakat, termasuk anak-anak, sebagai pengguna fasilitas Taman Bermain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prioritas indikator kinerja taman bermain layak anak berdasarkan persepsi anak di Kota Surakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi, wawancara, observasi, dan kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Adapun teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan metode statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa taman bermain dengan fasilitas beragam; lingkungan aman, bersih, dan sehat; serta lokasi taman yang terjangkau menjadi prioritas teratas bagi anak.
Studi Awal Pengaruh Variasi Kuat Arus terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Hasil Pengelasan SMAW Material Karbon JIS G3106 dengan Filler E6013
Authors: Aprilia Ely , Rahmatika Amelia , Hersaputri Megarini , Ibrahim Setiani
Published: September 2020

Kekuatan tarik hasil pengelasan merupakan salah satu sifat mekanik yang menyatakan kualitas hasil pengelasan. Pemilihan heat input dalam proses pengelasan menjadi sangat penting karena berpengaruh pada kualitas hasil pengelasan.Salah satu parameter penting dalam menentukan heat input adalah tegangan, kecepatan pengelasan dan arus yang digunakan pada proses pengelasan. Pada penelitian ini tegangan dan kecepatan pengelasan dibuat tetap sedangkan arus dibuat bervariasi. Salah satu pengeruh arus pada pengelasan akan menentukan tembusan hasil pengelasan. Dengan tembusan yang baik diharapkan kekuatan tarik akan meningkat. Peningkatan kuat tarik menjadi salah satu parameter kualitas hasil pengelasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi arus pengelasan pada kekuatan hasil tarik pengelasan material JIS G 3016 SM400A. Material JIS G3106 dipilih kerena material ini adalah material yang sering digunakan di bidang konstruksi. Proses pengelasan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah proses pengelasan Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) menggunakan filler E 6013 dengan diameter 2,6 mm dengan variasi arus DC polaritas EN sebesar 80 A, 90 A dan 100 A. Spesimen disiapkan dengan kampuh las berberbentuk single V. Pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji tarik menggunakan standar ASME Sec.IX: 2013 untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi arus yang digunakan terhadap kekuatan tarik. Data yang dihasilkan pada pengujian tarik berupa data Tensile strength selain itu dilakukan pula uji Makroskopik menggunakan standar ASTM E340-13 untuk mengetahui kualitas hasil las. Hasil pengujian men
Bond Graph Model of Cerebral Circulation: Toward Clinically Feasible Systemic Blood Flow Simulations
Authors: Su Shan , Blanco Pablo J. , Müller Lucas O. , Hunter Peter J. , Safaei Soroush
Published: September 2020

The primary paper Safaei et al. (2018) proposed an anatomically detailed model of the human cerebral circulation that runs faster than real-time on a desktop computer and is designed for use in clinical settings when the speed of response is important. Based on a one-dimensional formulation of the flow of an incompressible fluid in distensible vessels, a lumped parameter model was developed for 218 arterial segments. The proposed model improved simulation speed by approximately 200-fold while preserved accuracy. Bond graph formulation was used to ensure mass and energy conservation. The model predicted the pressure and flow signatures in the body.
The Journey of ‘Becoming’ a Learning Advisor: A Reflection on my First-Year Experience
Authors: Yamamoto Kie
Published: September 2020

I am now finishing up my third year as a learning advisor. Three years is not long; however, looking back at my own professional development, the pathway of “becoming” was full of discoveries and challenges. While I had a clear idea of what a learning advisor does from the literature, being one was fairly different from what I had imagined.
Categorizing findings on Language Tutor Autonomy (LTA) From Interviews
Authors: Shirakawa Tomoya
Published: September 2020

Language Tutor Autonomy (LTA) is a new area of research and spans a wide range of social contexts with important implications. Anyone can be a tutor, and by doing so, they can learn by teaching. LTA can potentially may have many practical applications and, therefore, should be subject to further investigation. This study used interviews to understand LTA from the tutors’ perspective. The context was a peer tutoring program at an international university in Japan specializing in self-access learning. 11 tutors participated in the research, who are all undergraduate (2nd to 4th year) students enrolled in the university. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was employed in order to understand how their teaching as tutors influences their learning as students, and, primarily, to identify unique aspects of LTA. The results were organized according to interview questions concerning: (1) dealing with difficulty, (2) preparing for weekly sessions, (3) sharing experiences (beyond teaching English) and (4) developing personally from the tutoring experience. The paper will offer a model of LTA and a framework for future research and practical applications in self-access learning settings, including peer teaching and learning advising.
Fostering Collaborative Autonomy: The Roles of Cooperative and Collaborative Learning
Authors: Myskow Gordon , Bennett Phillip A. , Yoshimura Hisako , Gruendel Kyoko , Marutani Takuto , Hano Kaori , Li Teresa
Published: September 2020

The distinction between Cooperative and Collaborative Learning approaches is not a clear one. Some use the terms interchangeably while others consider Cooperative Learning to be a type of Collaborative Learning. Still others clearly differentiate between them, characterizing Cooperative Learning as more highly structured in its procedures, involving a great deal of intervention by the teacher to plan and orchestrate group interactions. Collaborative Learning, on the other hand, presupposes some degree of learner autonomy－that groups can work effectively toward shared goals and monitor their own progress.

This paper takes the view that the distinction between Cooperative and Collaborative Learning is a useful one and that both approaches can play valuable roles in fostering autonomous interaction. It argues that while Collaborative Learning formations may be the ultimate goal for teachers wishing to develop learner autonomy, Cooperative Learning is a valuable means for modeling the skills and abilities to help students get there. The discussion begins with an overview of the two approaches, focusing on their implementation in the Japanese educational context. It then presents seven highly structured Cooperative Learning activities and shows how they can be modified and extended over time to encourage more autonomous interaction.
Floricultural Methods of Propagation and Challenges Facing Practitioners in Jimeta and Yola Metropolis of Adamawa State Nigeria
Authors: Badgal Enoch Buba , Sakiyo David Cromwell , Hamman Kenas Suleiman , Magaji Adamu Bappa
Published: September 2020

Floriculture as a field of science deals with production, use, marketing and management of ornamental plants. This article examines floricultural propagation methods used by florists in the two towns (Jimeta and Yola) that formed Adamawa State capital. A total of 25 florists were purposively selected for the research and face to face interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. A total of 31 ornamentals plants species in the gardens of the florists were considered for the research. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted for analysis of the data collected. The results revealed that florists preferred the use of seeds, stem cutting, rhizoids, tufts, and roots for the propagation of ornamentals. Results of challenges facing florists indicated that water, land to operate, credit facility, high cost of nursery implements, pest and disease control recorded lower confidence of variation in the response spread of the florists which are indications of acute problems. More sensitization on floriculture need be done to attract more women into the business and florists should go for training to improve their skills and organize cooperative groups to seek support from any institution that may be ready to help.
ANALYSIS OF EXPEDIENCY TO USE PLATELET-ENRICHED PLASMA FOR TREATMENT OF ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA
Authors: Ovcharenko Yu. S. , Salyenkova O. A.
Published: September 2020

A detailed analysis of the published data on the use of platelet−enriched plasma for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia has been performed. Based on the results, it has been suggested that platelet−rich plasma may be considered as a new treatment for pathological hair−related conditions, including androgenetic alopecia. Information on platelet morphology, characteristics of biologically active substances released from activated platelets have been provided. It has been substantiated that platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis and tissue regeneration by stimulating the cell chemotaxis, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. Among the many active components of platelets involved into the recovery of damaged tissue, the growth factors have been particularly noted. The influence of growth factors on the regulation of hair growth cycles has been established. Based on the analysis of their biological effects, the diversity of their action in the regulation of hair growth has been emphasized. Characteristic features of some growth factors, insulin−like growth factor (IGF), have been determined and described, their role in damaged tissue repair, angiogenesis, proliferation and cell differentiation has been noted. The practical experience of application of platelet−enriched plasma in various branches of medicine is summarized, proposals concerning the use of this method as a new way of treatment of androgenetic alopecia have been provided. The question of standardization of this method, study and substantiation of differentiated use of platelet−enriched plasma depending on the stage of androgenetic alopecia in men and women remains debatable.

Key words: androgenetic alopecia, platelet−enriched plasma, platelets, growth factors.
CLINICAL PARALLELS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH HIV
Authors: Lytvyn K. Yu. , Shostakovych-Koretska L. R. , Chykarenko Z. O. , Kushnierova O. A. , Budaeva I. V. , Bilokon O. O.
Published: September 2020

A retrospective analysis of medical records of 451 patients with HIV infection showed that the most common clinical manifestations of cerebral tuberculosis are as follows: headache, fever ≥ 38.0 °C, meningeal symptoms; in toxoplasmosis encephalitis these are headache, paresis of cranial nerves and extremities, incoordination, cognitive disorders, dysarthria, fever ≥ 38.0 °C and convulsions; in mycotic lesions of the CNS they are headache, coordination disorders, positive meningeal symptoms, disturbances of consciousness, cognitive disorders, visual disorders, cranial nerve deficiency, convulsions and dysarthria. The clinical picture of bacterial (exacted) meningitis was dominated by positive meningeal symptoms, headache, fever, impaired consciousness. At the same time, in such neurological manifestations of central nervous system lesions as cranial nerve paresis, mono− and hemiparesis, visual, coordination and speech disorders, which mostly accompany cerebral toxoplasmosis, cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors, encephalitis of unspecified etiology. Thus, the analysis suggests that the clinical manifestations of various etiologies of lesions of the central nervous system are often nonspecific and probably are stipulated with common morphological changes in brain tissue, which may be associated with the neuropathological effects of HIV, as well as a large impact co−infection.

Key words: HIV infection, opportunistic infections, central nervous system, main symptoms.
IMMUNE CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE IN BREAST CANCER THERAPY
Authors: Hromakova I. A. , Sorochan P. P. , Prokhach N. E. , Ponamarov I. N. , Hromakova I. S. , Polozova M. V.
Published: September 2020

Despite advances in early detection and treatment, breast cancer remains the deadliest oncopathology for women worldwide. Today there is an urgent need for new approaches to this disease treatment. Recently, immune therapy, especially inhibitors of immune checkpoints, has taken the lead when fighting against cancer. Blocking immune checkpoints is an effective approach to enhance the effector T cell function. Immune checkpoint blockers, namely inhibitors of cytotoxic T−lymphocyte−associated antigen 4 (CTLA−4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD−1) and ligand 1 of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD−L1) are approved by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) to be used in various solid tumors, refractory cancers with microsatellite instability, classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. In March 2019, the first inhibitor for the treatment of breast cancer was approved, i.e. atezolizumab (anti−PD−L1) in combination with nab−paclitaxel in the patients with metastatic triple−negative breast cancer, which aroused the interest of experts in the study of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of these patients. The review presents the results of using the inhibitors of immune control points in monotherapy and in combination with standard methods of antitumor treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted therapy) in patients with breast cancer. Information on potential biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in breast cancer is presented.

Key words: breast cancer, checkpoint inhibitors, biomarkers of response.
CYCLIN-EPENDENT KINASES 4/6 INHIBITORS IN COMBINATION WITH AROMATASE INHIBITORS IN TREATMENT OF METASTATIC BREAST CANCER (clinical observation)
Authors: Sadchikova M. V. , Syniavina L. V. , Otchenash N. M.
Published: September 2020

It is known that a complete recovery in patients with generalized tumor is impossible, but the use of effective treatment regimens can significantly inhibit the development of the disease. The main goal of treatment of metastatic breast cancer is to increase overall survival, time to disease progression, improvethe quality of life, to prevent serious complications. In recent years, the standard of first−line hormone therapy in postmenopausal patients has been the use of aromatase inhibitors. Recently, a new class of drugs has emerged that can increase the effectiveness of hormone therapy, which significantly strengthens the position of this method in metastatic breast cancer. A clinical trial of PALOMA−2 and its findings are presented: the palbociclib + letrozole protocol as first−line therapy in postmenopausal patients with estrogen−positive Her2 new negative advanced breast cancer improves the objective response rate and clinical efficacy compared to letrozole monotherapy. The overall incidence of adverse responses was higher in patients treated with palbociclib + letrozole compared with placebo + letrozole. This clinical case demonstrates the possibility of long−term effective disease control in metastatic breast cancer. Literature data and personal experience show high efficacy of the combined protocol of hormone therapy and inhibitors of cyclin−dependent kinases 4/6. The use of such protocols is advisable in patients with multiple bone metastases, while achieving an effective reduction of pain. The use of such regimens is possible in patients with a low ECOG score who cannot tolerate chemotherapy with more severe toxicity.

Key words: metastatic breast cancer, aromatase inhibitors, palbociclib.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEDERAL DATA BANK «FIRE SAFETY AND RESCUE OPERATION FACILITIES»
Authors: Мазаев Кирилл Александрович , Шестаев Анатолий Алексеевич , Ермакова Наталья Александровна , Надточий Олег Витальевич , Капущак Юрий Васильевич
Published: September 2020

Представлены этапы создания и модернизации федерального банка данных «Средства обеспечения пожарной безопасности и ведения аварийно-спасательных работ». Описаны основные сведения, содержащиеся в базах данных «Изготовители» и «Поставщики». Отражено использование информации, находящейся в ФБД ПБ, и дальнейшее развитие на современном этапе.

The stages of creation and modernization of the federal data bank «Fire safety and rescue operation facilities» is presented. The basic information in the databases «Manufacturers» and «Suppliers» are described. Both the use of information in the FBD PB and its further development at the present stage are presented.
Dragon’s Lair: On the Large-scale Environment of BL Lac Objects
Authors: Massaro F. , Capetti A. , Paggi A. , Baldi R. D. , Tramacere A. , Pillitteri I. , Campana R.
Published: September 2020

The most elusive and extreme subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), known as BL Lac objects, shows features that can only be explained as the result of relativistic effects occurring in jets pointing at a small angle with respect to the line of sight. A longstanding issue is the identification of the BL Lac parent population with jets oriented at larger angles. According to the “unification scenario” of AGNs, radio galaxies with low luminosity and an edge-darkened radio morphology are the most promising candidate parent population of BL Lacs. Here we compare the large-scale environment, an orientation-independent property, of well-defined samples of BL Lacs with samples of radio galaxies all lying in the local universe. Our study reveals that BL Lacs and radio galaxies live in significantly different environments, challenging predictions of the unification scenario. We propose a solution to this problem proving that large-scale environments of BL Lacs are statistically consistent with those of compact radio sources, known as FR 0s, and share similar properties. This implies that highly relativistic jets are ubiquitous and are the natural outcome of the accretion of gas into the deep gravitational potential well produced by supermassive black holes.
The Flat Galactic Rotation Curves from First Principles: A Novel Logarithmic Potential Originating in Laplace’s Equation
Authors: Munera Hector A. , Delgado-Correal Camilo
Published: September 2020

This note reports flat galactic rotation curves coinciding with observation and originating in Laplace’s classical field equation. Dark matter, identified with a primordial fluid populating the entire universe, is represented by the homogeneous Klein–Gordon equation (KGE). The key element is the novel solution for the KGE discovered by the leading author in 1994, expressed as a permanent background



-potential plus an entangled



-potential where time and distance appear as a ratio. The



-potential may be viewed as solution to a non-homogeneous Laplace equation, for which the general solution contains in addition to Newton’s 1/r potential a new logarithmic Zwicky potential overlooked thus far. The ensuing 1/r-Zwicky force predicts the observed flat galatic rotation curves exhibiting the observed limiting speed at long distance.
Formation of hierarchical structures from functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in aerosil containing solutions
Authors: Kuzmenko Alexander P. , Naing Thet Phyo , Kuzko Andrey E. , Kochura Alexey V. , Than Myo Min , Aung Nay Win
Published: September 2020

Specific features and regularities of self-assembly and self-organization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been studied for diffusion-limited conditions (method of drops) in water-based (deionized water) colloidalal solutions with aerosil exposed to DC electric fields with magnitudes of 15 to 25 V. Studies of hierarchical structure formation during drop evaporation in uniform electric fields have revealed the formation of 40–120 nm sized linear piecewise formations, 25–45 nm sized fractal structures and 250 nm sized diffuse structures from MWCNT – COOH + aerosil + H2Odw. The structures have been studied using confocal microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, atomic force microscopy, IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sizes of the observed micro- and nanostructures decrease following the hyperbolic law d = 1/U in the approximation d → 2R, their growth rate increasing as U2. We show that intense ultrasonication of functionalized MWCNT – COOH + aerosil + H2Odw in colloidal solutions causes the formation of the so-called “breathing" modes in axis centered single-walled carbon nanotubes. This is confirmed by short-wave Raman scattering excitation and enables the existence of both combined sp2-hybridization types with π- and σ- carbon bonds and the metallic and semiconductor conductivity types in the material thus showing good promise of these structures for nanoelectronics.
The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies
Authors: Runyon Justin B.
Published: September 2020

The long-legged flies (Dolichopodidae) of the island of Montserrat in the Lesser Antilles have been surveyed and include 63 species in 27 genera. The following eleven new species are described and illustrated: Amblypsilopus marskeaesp. nov., Medetera ivieisp. nov., Medetera montserratensissp. nov., Systenus ladonnaesp. nov., Thrypticus mediofuscussp. nov., Chrysotus antillensissp. nov., Chrysotus callichromoidessp. nov., Chrysotus interfronssp. nov., Chrysotus montserratensissp. nov., Diaphorus robinsonisp. nov., and Sympycnus montserratensissp. nov. Six species have only been found on Montserrat (ca. 10% endemicity). Keys are provided to the genera and species on Montserrat, their known distribution summarized, and additional new island records provided for many species. Asyndetus wirthi Robinson is synonymized with A. interruptus (Loew) and Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich) is removed from synonymy with A. barbata (Loew). Diaphorus flavipes Aldrich is transferred to Chrysotus as a new combination. A new replacement name, Chrysotus milvadunom. nov., is provided for the Nearctic Chrysotus parvulus Van Duzee. Lectotypes are designated for Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich) and Asyndetus fratellus Aldrich. The fauna of Montserrat is summarized and compared with that of Dominica. Collecting methods are compared and threats to the dolichopodid fauna of Montserrat discussed.
Corneal Remodeling After Myopic SMILE: An Optical Coherence Tomography and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Study
Authors: Romito Norman , Trinh Liem , Goemaere Isabelle , Borderie Vincent , Laroche Laurent , Bouheraoua Nacim
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE:

To study corneal remodeling during the first 6 months after myopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with a 10% overcorrection nomogram, by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

METHODS:

This prospective non-randomized observational study included 60 eyes from 30 patients treated by SMILE for low to moderate myopia. A 10% overcorrection nomogram was applied for all eyes. Epithelial and corneal thickness maps were obtained within the central 6 mm, by SD-OCT, at each visit. Lenticule thickness was calculated by subtracting the postoperative central stromal thickness from the preoperative central stromal thickness. IVCM was performed at each visit.

RESULTS:

The mean surgical refractive correction was −3.99 ± 1.50 diopters (D) before and −0.09 ± 0.37 D after surgery. Central epithelial thickness increased from 53.7 ± 4.0 to 57.1 ± 4.1 µm at 6 months after SMILE (
P
< .001). The measured lenticule thickness was 16 ± 6.1 µm less than the programmed lenticule thickness (
P
< .001). Both central epithelial hyperplasia and the mismatch between measured and programmed lenticule thickness were positively correlated to the degree of myopia (
r
2
= 0.60,
P
< .001 and
r
2
= 0.47,
P
< .001, respectively). Fibrosis at the interface was not correlated with epithelial thickening (
r
2
= 0.06,
P
= .29) or lenticule thickness error (
r
2
= 0.07,
P
= .22).

CONCLUSIONS:

Both epithelial thickening and the mismatch between the targeted and achieved lenticule thickness resulted in a slight undercorrection with a 10% overcorrection nomogram in low and moderate myopia. Fibrosis at the interface was not responsible for lenticule thickness error. Additional overcorrection is required to increase accuracy.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(9):597–605.]
Un Retablo que hemos de hazer para la dicha yglesia a lo Romano. Valencia y Voisín, creadores del retablo mayor de Medina Sidonia (Cádiz)
Authors: Caramazana Malia David , Romero Bejarano Manuel
Published: September 2020

En este trabajo se documenta la traza y evolución del retablo mayor de la iglesia parroquial de Santa María la Coronada de Medina Sidonia (Cádiz). Partiendo del análisis biográfico y estilístico de sus creadores, los entalladores Jerónimo de Valencia y Cristóbal Voisín, y de la propia obra escultórica, planteamos una nueva aproximación al contexto de la escuela de escultura sevillana del segundo tercio del siglo XVI.
Development of Statistical Model for Selection of Electrode Parameters in Manufacturing of Ultracapacitor
Authors: Godse Laxman S. , Bhalerao M.J. , Khwaja Faiz M. , Kulkarni Neelima R. , Karandikar Parshuram B.
Published: September 2020

Ultracapacitor is a new electrical energy storage device which has high power density than conventional battery and capacitor. It offers high capacitance in small volume compared to conventional capacitors. While selecting ultracapacitors for various applications, parameters like specific resistance, internal capacitance, pulse current, energy density are required to be considered. Amongst these factors, specific capacitance of ultracapacitor depends mainly on parameters of electrode. The present paper is focused on modeling of ultracapacitor based on variations in some of the electrode parameters. The objective of present research work is to apply a statistical method to obtain an electrode material based model for prismatic type ultracapacitor. To have deep insight about the performance through modeling approach, the number of trials have been taken by doing the variations in the electrode materials of ultracapacitor and the quantity of the electrode material loaded on the current collector. The effect of both these variations is studied over the specific capacitance, which is taken as output parameter of model. Developed model is validated at selected values of input parameters.
Facile Synthesis Silica Nanoparticles from Indonesia Silica Sand and their Physico-Chemical Properties
Authors: Ismail Agus , Widyaningtyas Ariffinisa Lintang , Susanto Bambang Heru , Nasikin Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Silica nanoparticles are a very promising functional material when purified from silica sand for wide application. In addition, a low cost and easy method to obtain the material will be increasing the value of silica sand. To synthesize of nanoparticles using an easily scalable, cheap and simple method, we suggest a sodium silicate solution as a precursor that silica sand was diluted on the NaOH. After that, the sodium silicate solution under various alcohols (methanol and ethanol) in the acid medium was conducted by sol gel method to obtain silica nanoparticles. The synthesized of silica nanoparticles was observed to the non-agglomerate, homogeneous and spherical shape with an average size about 200 nm. We also noted the existence of NaNO3 by side product of reaction on the system, which may be the amorphous silica unidentified on the XRD results.
Detection of Adulteration of Tapioca Starch with Dolomite by near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Khamsopha Duangkamolrat , Teerachaichayut Sontisuk
Published: September 2020

Tapioca starch adulterated with dolomite is sold in markets, but this adulteration cannot be identified by normal visual inspection. Near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging has been successfully used as a non-destructive method of identifying various characteristics of food, therefore it was tested to identify dolomite adulteration. Adulterated tapioca starch samples were prepared by adding dolomite in the range of 0.5-100% (wt/wt). Samples (N=400) of pure tapioca starch (0) and adulterated tapioca starch (1) were divided into calibration set (N=300) and a prediction set (N=100). All samples were scanned using NIR hyperspectral imaging (935-1720 nm) and spectra were pre-processed using Savitzky-Golay first derivative differentiation pretreatment in order to obtain the optimal conditions for establishing a classification model. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of classification tapioca starch adulterated with dolomite. The results showed the total accuracy of prediction for classification was 100%. Therefore, NIR hyperspectral imaging was demonstrated to have a potential for use in detecting adulteration of tapioca starch with dolomite.
Rapid Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Nanopowders from Gaseous Aluminum Chloride
Authors: Chu Fu Lin , Wang Lai Wang , Sun Meng Yung , Tsai Cheng Hsien
Published: September 2020

The synthesis of aluminum nitride (AlN) powders is traditionally completed through a thermal nitridation process, in which the reacting aluminum powders are combined with nitrogen at high temperatures with a long reaction time (usually several hours). Moreover, the occurrence of agglomeration within the melting Al particles results in a poor dispersibility of AlN powders, with a low efficiency of nitridation. In this study, an atmosphere-pressure microwave plasma preceded the rapid gas-gas synthesis process. In the reactor, the gaseous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) reactant was fed at different positions (R1, R2, R3) to react with nitrogen at various reaction temperatures (690~1150°C) to rapidly produce AlN nano powders (in several seconds). The process was operated at a total flow rate of 13 slm with NH3 gas content of 0 or 0.77% and an applied power of 1200/1400 W. Results showed that the high purity and dispersibility of AlN powders were found at a AlCl3 feeding position closer to the resonant cavity of the reactor (R3, 1150°C). The AlN particle size was in the range of 25-50 nm. The experiments indicated that the gas-gas reaction for rapidly synthesizing AlN nanopowders can be successfully carried out via an AlCl3-N2 plasma-chemical approach.
Muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength: dependent or independent variables? A provocative review
Authors: Reggiani Carlos , Schiaffino Stefano
Published: September 2020

The question whether the muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training, hormone administration or genetic manipulation is accompanied by a proportional increase in muscle strength is still open. This review summarizes and analyses data obtained in human and rodent muscles in studies that have monitored in parallel changes in muscle size and changes in muscle force, measured in isometric contractions in vivo, in isolated muscles ex vivo (in rodents) and in single muscle fibers. Although a general positive relation exists among the two variables, a number of studies show a clear dissociation with increase of muscle size with no change or even decrease in strength and, vice versa, increase in strength without increase in size. The possible mechanisms of such dissociation, which involves neural motor control and/or cellular and molecular adaptations of muscle fibers, are briefly discussed.
Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures
Authors: Anderson Morgan , Petit Kyle M. , Bretzin Abigail C. , Elbin R.J. , Stephenson-Brown Katie , Covassin Tracey
Published: September 2020

Context

Previous researchers have examined factor structures for common concussion symptom inventories. However, they failed to discriminate between the acute (<72 hours) and subacute (3 days–3 months) periods after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is an acute assessment that, when compared with other concussion symptom inventories, includes or excludes symptoms that may result in different symptom factors.

Objective

The primary purpose was to investigate the symptom factor structure of the 22-item SCAT symptom inventory in healthy, uninjured and acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose was to document the frequency of the unique SCAT symptom inventory items.

Design

Case series.

Setting

High school and college.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 1334 healthy, uninjured and 200 acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Healthy, uninjured participants completed the SCAT symptom inventory at a single assessment. Participants in the acutely concussed sample completed the SCAT symptom inventory within 72 hours after concussion. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) using a principal component analysis and varimax extraction method were conducted.

Results

A 3-factor solution accounted for 48.1% of the total variance for the healthy, uninjured sample: cognitive fatigue (eg, feeling “in a fog” and “don't feel right”), migraine (eg, neck pain and headache), and affective (eg, more emotional and sadness) symptom factors. A 3-factor solution accounted for 55.0% of the variance for the acutely concussed sample: migraine fatigue (eg, headache and “pressure in the head”), affective (eg, sadness and more emotional), and cognitive ocular (eg, difficulty remembering and balance problems) symptom factors.

Conclusions

The inclusion of unique SCAT symptom inventory items did not alter the symptom factor structure for the healthy, uninjured sample. For the acute concussed sample, all but 1 unique SCAT symptom inventory item (neck pain) loaded onto a factor.
Orthogonal projections of discretized sets
Authors: He Weikun
Published: September 2020

We generalize Bourgain’s discretized projection theorem to higher rank situations. Like Bourgain’s theorem, our result yields an estimate for the Hausdorff dimension of the exceptional sets in projection theorems formulated in terms of Hausdorff dimensions. This estimate complements earlier results of Mattila and Falconer.
Motivic volumes of fibers of tropicalization
Authors: Usatine Jeremy
Published: September 2020

Let

T

be an algebraic torus over an algebraically closed field, let

X

be a smooth closed subvariety of a

T

-toric variety such that

U = X \cap T

is not empty, and let

\mathscr{L}(X)

be the arc scheme of

X

. We consider a tropicalization map on

\mathscr{L}(X) \setminus \mathscr{L}(X \setminus U)

, the set of arcs of

X

that do not factor through

X \setminus U

. We show that each fiber of this tropicalization map is a constructible subset of

\mathscr{L}(X)

and therefore has a motivic volume. We prove that if

U

has a compactification with simple normal crossing boundary, then the generating function for these motivic volumes is rational, and we express this rational function in terms of certain lattice maps constructed in Hacking, Keel, and Tevelev's theory of geometric tropicalization. We explain how this result, in particular, gives a formula for Denef and Loeser's motivic zeta function of a polynomial. To further understand this formula, we also determine precisely which lattice maps arise in the construction of geometric tropicalization.