bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Study of Solar Panels with Horizontal Turbine as an Alternative Electric Energy Source
Authors: Widyanto Dian Wahyu , Wijayanto Danar Susilo , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan , Soenarto  , Triyono Mochammad Bruri
Published: March 2021

The effect of global warming has raised public awareness to seek energy sources that do not damage the environment and can be renewed, such as renewable energy. Renewable energy that is practically applied in people’s homes, namely sun and wind. This research studies about solar panels to determine the highest electrical power produced. Measurements are made by measuring the voltage and electric current generated by solar panels and measuring wind speed to determine the electrical power generated by wind turbines. This research was conducted in the Campus area of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Solar panels produce the highest electric power of 26.42 Watts. This study states that solar panels produce electric power that is more effective and optimal than wind turbines. The power produced by the solar panels is 26.42 Watt, while the wind turbine produces electric power of 6.46 Watt.
The Role of Rice Husk Ash in Enhancing the Fresh Properties, Density, and Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Based Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Ardiantoro D , Sunarsih E S , Sucipto T L A
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the effect of rice husk ash on the fresh properties, density, and compressive strength of fly ash-based self compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Fresh properties were tested by the slump flow test. Density and compressive strength were tested with cylindrical concrete samples. Diameters of samples were about 150 mm and 300 mm high. The variations of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Fly Ash (FA) substitution were 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The alkaline activators used Na2SiO3 and NaOH with ratio at 1.0 and a molarity value of NaOH was fixed at 14 M. The water-binder ratio was fixed at 0.3. The dosage of superplasticizer used 1%. The treatment of concrete used ambient temperature. The test results showed that rice husk ash decreased the slump flow; was not affected on the concrete density; and increased the compressive strength of SCGC. The maximum percentage of rice husk ash substitution to achieve the EFNARC slump flow standard was 7.16%. The density of the SCGC was 2076.4 kg / m3 – 2104.3 kg / m3, and classified to the normal concrete. The maximum compressive strength of SCGC was 11.476 MPa at the percentage of rice husk ash substitution about 8.65%.
Optimization of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) of solid waste in palm starch home industry through the variations of binder materials
Authors: Saputro H , Fadlullah V , Bugis H , Muslim R , Munir F A
Published: March 2021

A lot of energy consumption and the abundance of waste stimulate various alternative energy from biomass. One of the biomasses that has not been widely used is palm starch waste. Palm’s starch home industry in Indonesia produced solid waste that could be converted to synthesis gas through the gasification process. Production of palm starch increases in 2019, gives rise to accumulation waste, causes various diseases, and damages the environment, requiring specific handling. This study investigated the effect of binder material of RDF on palm starch waste. The variations of binder materials used tapioca, rice flour, and mangosteen peel. RDF of palm starch waste with variations of mangosteen peel binder produces the highest calorific value than starch and rice flour, 4009.62 cal/gr. However, RDF with tapioca flour binder has the highest volatile content, so that it can ignite and burn better than rice flour and mangosteen peel binder.
Investigating of the Relations among TPACK Components of Economic Teacher Candidates in Sebelas Maret University (UNS) in 2020: A Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Santika Villa , Indriayu Mintasih , Sangka Khrena Bayu
Published: March 2021

This study examines the structural relationship between the components in TPACK. The sample of this study was 98 economics teacher candidates at Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, Indonesia. This research design is quantitative with structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the questionnaire is valid and reliable and the hypothesis shows that there is a significant influence between the TPACK components except TK, PK, and CK on TPACK. The results of the study can be used as reference material for future research using instruments that have been tested for validity and reliability in teachers who have taught during the pandemic to determine the TPACK of post-Covid-19 teachers who carry out online learning.
Measuring Critical Thinking Skills with the RED Model
Authors: Wulandari Riska , Baedhowi  , Hindrayani Aniek
Published: March 2021

Critical thinking skills are one of the core and fundamental skills that are needed in 21st-century learning. In education in Indonesia, critical thinking skills are contained in the 2013 Curriculum as one of the goals of education. This article provides insight into critical thinking skills and discusses the concept of the RED Model’s critical thinking skills and its indicators in measuring critical thinking skills. This research uses the Grounded Theory method, which aims to find new theories or to empower existing theories. The RED Model’s critical thinking skills framework has three main indicators including (1) Recognize Assumptions; (2) Evaluate Arguments; and (3) Draw Conclusions. The RED Model’s critical thinking skills framework and its indicators are expected to assist in encouraging the development of critical thinking skills and measuring critical thinking skills.
Effectiveness of ARCS Based Economic E-Book to Improve Learning Motivation and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Saputri Kartika Yunita , Santoso Sigit , Hindrayani Aniek
Published: March 2021

This study aims to test the effectiveness of ARCS-based economic e-book media to improve learning motivation and learner outcomes. This is back grounded by the lack of motivation of students’ learning in following the economic learning process so that the results of learning students in economic learning become not maximal. With good learning motivation, it will boil down to achieving good learning outcomes as well. The data collected in this study is motivational learning data collected through questionnaires and data on learning results collected through tests. Data analysis techniques are independent until t-test. The results of this study show that the test results for the average difference in learning motivation are significant (sig. = .000 < α = .05) and the study results are significant (sig. = .000 < α = .05). In the classes that received the treatment, the motivation of the students’ learning was high and the learning outcomes of the students were high. Thus, it can be concluded that ARCS-based economic e-book media is effective for improving learning motivation and learning outcomes of students.
Active Learning with SPSS Assisted Guided Discovery Learning Method to Improve Student’s Statistical Learning Achievement
Authors: Sulistyo L , Dwidayati N K
Published: March 2021

Guided discovery learning (GDL) is a learning method that uses a two-way system, namely the learning process involving students and lecturer who interact actively. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of learning statistics for students of Electrical Engineering at the Islamic University of Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara by using the SPPS-based GDL method. The sample consisted of 12 students taken from 87 students by means of random sampling. The type of research used is a mix method research, namely by comparing the means of the pre-test and post-test scores to determine the increase in student knowledge from a quantitative point of view then answer sheet analysis and interviews are conducted to determine effectiveness from a qualitative point of view. Qualitative data were taken from data from two subjects who were selected by means of purpose sampling. Quantitatively and qualitatively, the results of this study indicate that the GDL method is effective in improving student achievement in statistics courses.
Visual, Symbolic, and Verbal Mathematics Representation Abilities in Junior High School’s Students
Authors: Novitasari P , Usodo B , Fitriana L
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the ability of mathematical representation that includes visual, symbolic, and verbal representations of eight grade of junior high school students in solving math problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The instrument that is used in this research is the main instrument (researcher) and supporting instruments (test and interviews). The test is given to 31 students of eight grade B of Junior High School 2 Ngawi. The research subject consisted of two students who provided more information to be studied more deeply. Subjects were selected based on the purpose of sampling technique, namely based on the results of students’ written answers which showed more than one representation ability for each number. The results showed that students were able to use various kinds of representations in solving the problems given, although there were still errors in the calculations. Students can fulfill their visual representation skills well, namely presenting information in the image form. Students are less able to find the ability of symbolic representation, which is marked by formula errors and calculation errors. Students can fulfill verbal representation well, namely writing statements in written sentences.
Students’ Mathematical External Connection Ability Based on Personality Types of Sensing Intuition
Authors: Kusumastuti A N , Budiyono  , Indriati D
Published: March 2021

Mathematical external connection ability is the ability to relate topics in mathematics to the other learning subject and daily problems. Sensing and intuition personality is a characteristic of students receive and process information. For this reason, personality types can influence mathematics learning and mathematical external connection ability. The main purpose of this research is analysis of students’ external connection skill that has sensing or intuition personality. This study method used was descriptive the qualitative method with four students of class VII in Junior High School. Subject selected using purposive sampling, each subject represents one personality and one indicator. The data from this research were obtained from questionnaires, mathematical connection external test, and interviews. The results obtained that intuition student can applying the concepts and mathematical procedure to other subjects, but sensing student difficulties. Both of sensing and intuiting can use mathematical relationship in everyday life problems.
A Case Study on Mathematics Instructional Implementation: Teacher’s Perspective on How Mathematics Teachers Face The Pandemic Covid-19 Situation
Authors: Millatasyifa M L , Nurhasanah F
Published: March 2021

Learning activities carried out by teachers are at the core of the learning process. How the implementation of learning activities have a major influence on students’ understanding, especially when facing a Covid-19 pandemic situation. This paper aims to explain how mathematics learning takes place during the Covid-19 pandemic based on the teacher’s perspective. The research was conducted at MTs Sambirejo Sragen. The selection of research subjects was made based on purposive sampling. The research subjects were chosen by all mathematics teachers at MTs Sambirejo. The data in this study is a description of the teacher’s perspective regarding mathematics learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data collection techniques are interviews, documentation and observation. As a result, in general there were two types of learning activities on mathematics online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic situation at MTs Sambirejo. However, the two types of learning activities still use a teacher-centered learning approach. Even though the current pandemic condition is very different from the conditions before the pandemic. Explicitly, the actual process of learning activities in online learning has a consequence that all learning activities can be carried out in a more mobile and dynamic manner.
The Analysis of Students’ Metacognition in Solving Math Problems Based on Self-Efficacy
Authors: Fadillah R , Budiyono  , Nurhasanah F
Published: March 2021

Metacognition holds a particular part in the learning process, especially in mathematics because solving math problems is not enough just by using numeracy skills, but metacognitive knowledge is also essential. The aim of this research is to analyze the metacognition of students’ junior high school in solved math problems based on students’ self-efficacy. Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires, tests, and semi-structured interviews. The main instrument in this study is the researcher and additional instruments were self-efficacy questionnaires, geometry tests and interview guides. This is a qualitative study with a case study design. The participants of the study were 20 students of grade 8th. Two out of twenty become the subjects of the study who selected using purposive sampling technique. The study showed that students with high self-efficacy in solving math problems can fulfil all indicators of each metacognition component, consisting of knowledge about cognition and regulation of knowledge.
Integration of Local Traditions Bugis-Makassarese: Learning Strategies to Improve Mathematical Communication Skills
Authors: Asfar A M I T , Asfar A M I A , Nurannisa A
Published: March 2021

Communication skill is of local Bugis-Makasar one of skill needed in mathematical learning in order that the students can solve the problem in social life particularly economic mathematic. Integration of local traditionsipakatau, sipakaingeandsipakalebbiconsists of philosophy which can increase students’ communication skill. The purpose of this study is to find out the improvement of students’ communication skill of STKIP Muhammadiyah Bone in using learning strategy of 3S. Design of this study was experimental research Quasi Experimental Design using Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Based on the results of this study can be concluded that the earning strategy of 3S is effective in improving student’s communication skill in economic mathematics in STKIP Muhammadiyah Bone not only on students’ cognitive side but also affective and psychomotor side.
Problems and prospects of distance learning in teaching fundamental subjects to future Mathematics teachers
Authors: Bobyliev D Y , Vihrova E V
Published: March 2021

The research analyzes experience of implementing the coursesMathematical AnalysisandHistory of Mathematicsfor future Mathematics teachers in the system of managing electronic academic courses (SMEAC) at Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University (KSPU). To create the courses, there is a block-modular approach enabling not only structuring the process of studying fundamental mathematical subjects in the distance form of training, but also controlling the rate and depth of students’ mastering the material. There are examples of laboratory works onMathematical Analysisperformed by students independently in the computer mathematics system CoCalc.
The origin of misconceptions in inorganic chemistry and their correction by computer modelling
Authors: Derkach T M
Published: March 2021

The paper goal was to analyse the typical mistakes in the learning of the university course of inorganic chemistry, determine the origin of misconceptions and estimate the effectiveness of the use of computer simulations to correct false chemical concepts. Ten problems that are the most typical for students were revealed. One of the leading causes of their occurrence is the failure of many students to form mental relationships between different levels of representation of chemical knowledge - microscopic, macroscopic and symbolic. Other reasons include an insufficient understanding of the material, the incompleteness of the knowledge of the microscopic basis of processes, and inability to work with different models, including misunderstanding of their purpose and constraints. NetLogo programming environment was used for students’ self-administering tests to study gas laws. Scope for the usage of NetLogo models was estimated in correcting of incorrectly formed conceptions of the chemical knowledge. Independent work with NetLogo models facilitates the formation of stable relationships between multiple levels of representation of chemical information. It improves an understanding of the studied topic fundamentally, and this holds for all students practically independently of their grounding level in chemistry. The introduction of computer simulation into the practice of teaching chemical subjects shows promise. Still, it requires the solution of several scientific, methodological, logistical and organisational issues.
The dynamics simulation of knowledge potentials of agents including the feedback
Authors: Pasichnyk V V , Bomba A Y , Nazaruk M V , Kunanets N E
Published: March 2021

The conceptual and mathematical models of the agents’ knowledge potential redistribution considering their constituent components are constructed in the paper. A nonlinear model describing the dynamics of agents’ knowledge potentials is developed taking into account the feedback effects (agent – student) on the source of knowledge (teacher / lecturer). In particular, the procedure of constructing a multicomponent two-dimensional array of discrete values of the knowledge potential constituent components for generating procedures to enhance (improve) the professional competences of knowledge sources, is generalized and specified.
Modern technologies in the development of professional competence in teachers from professional (vocational) education schools
Authors: Radkevych V , Kravets S , Herliand T , Radkevych O , Kozak A
Published: March 2021

The article discloses the peculiarities of developing professional competence in professional training teachers. This process mostly involves using traditional pedagogical technologies. The article presents results of the ascertaining experiment and indicates the need for continuing professional development of teachers based on innovative principles. It also suggests using up-to-date pedagogical technologies of distance and project-based learning and production technologies to develop professional competence in actors in the educational process (teachers and students). This refers to the implementation of a competence-based approach in the professional education system. It is reflected in the development of professional competence based on some steps. They include expanding informational and educational space for actors in the educational process and individualizing learning using modern information resources (distance technologies); ensuring the interaction between actors in the educational process, as well as the joint realization of searching, cognitive and research activities (project-based technologies); organizing the educational process under the social partnership, taking into account the timely response of the professional education system to the emergence of innovations in production and the service sector (production technologies).
Developing digital competence of teachers of Humanitarian disciplines in the conditions of COVID-19 quarantine measures
Authors: Trubavina I , Dotsenko S , Naboka O , Chaikovskyi M , Meshko H
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the research is explained by the necessity of developing digital competence of teachers of Humanitarian disciplines at the higher education institutions (HEIs) in the conditions of the quarantine measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It is particularly challenging for teachers of Humanitarian disciplines, who are not specialists in the digital sphere as their profession is focused on humans. The purpose of the paper is to define the influence of the quarantine on the work of teachers at HEIs, revealing the level of the development, challenges and peculiarities of enhancing the digital competence of teachers of Humanitarian disciplines, theirs needs in education and giving recommendations how to arrange education and make administrative decisions. The methods of the research are survey, theoretical analysis, others. The results are to define the peculiarities of the influence of the quarantine on the arrangement of distance learning, the peculiarities of developing digital competence of teachers during the quarantine, their needs in education, the challenges in conducting mass distance learning, the determined complex of scientific approaches to developing digital competence. The practical significance of the research refers to developing three internship programs, based on the results of diagnosing teachers’ digital competence.
Theoretical and methodological bases of designing the educational institution information and consulting environment
Authors: Lavrentieva O , Horbatiuk R , Skripnik L , Kuchma O , Penia V , Pahuta M
Published: March 2021

In article the definition of the educational institution information and consulting environment has been formulated. It was found the such environment is a relevant part of the information education society, within which it becomes possible exchange of information and consultative support of subjects of the educational process via the computer focused technologies. The semantic and functional content of an educational institution information and consulting environment have been specified. Its social, spatial-object, psychological and pedagogical components have been analyzed. The criteria for assessing the quality of the information and consulting environment have been described. The main factors and leading pedagogical technologies of organizing and forming of the information and consulting environment have been determined. The pattern of the educational institution information and consulting environment covering organizational, technical methodical resource areas have been established. Based on the results of empirical research with use of content analysis and factor analysis the benefits and risks of the educational institution information and consulting environment have been reviewed and summarized. It is concluded that the organization of the educational institution information and consulting environment will promote increase the efficiency of the educational process and the quality of educational services.
Implementation of professionally oriented ICT in the process of managers training
Authors: Tkachenko L P , Dolgopol O O , Zhiglo O O , Kiryanova O V , Ivanova O A
Published: March 2021

The article touches upon the problem of introducing professionally oriented software products based on information and communication technologies into the educational process of training managers of the hotel, restaurant and tourism business. The purpose of the study is to prove the effectiveness of the implementation of professionally oriented software products based on ICT in the training of managers. The research is based on the analysis of recommendations of employers and managers of the specialties “Tourism” and “Hotel business”, the content of educational programs for training bachelors in management, the content of general professional and special competencies, the structural and logical scheme of disciplines. The most effective information and communication technologies using computer software products that contribute to the formation of a set of professional competencies in future managers have been identified: MS Project, Teamwork, TeamLab, Open Workbench, GanttProject, dotProject, Outlook, OneNote, EverNote, Nirvana, Wunderlist, Toggl, MS Office, Office 365, Document.Online, AllFusion Process Modeler 7, MS Visio, MS PowerPoint, MS Sway, Libre Office.Impress, FreeMind, Mind42, ViSta, MacANOVA, Matrixer. The effectiveness of these technologies has been experimentally tested in the course of practical training in the format of full-time distance learning and practical training of student managers. The research describes the technology of using professional software products in the educational process. The effectiveness of these technologies has been experimentally tested in the course of practical training in the format of full-time distance learning and practical training of student managers. The research describes the technology of using professional software products in the educational process. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed that the introduction of information and communication technologies contributes to the formation of professional competencies in the field of ICT among students of this specialty. The conducted research proves the need for changes in the working curricula of disciplines “Information systems and technologies”, “Practices of information and communication technologies”, “Statistics”, “Management and administration”, “Finance, money and credit”, “Accounting and audit”. “Business foreign language”, “Professional rhetoric”, “Foreign professional language”, “PR and advertising technologies”, “Business accounting”, “International business management”, “Electronic business information technologies”.
Methods for pattern detection based on colour and size features in video streams
Authors: Cuong The Nguyen , Syryamkin V I , Hoang Thuy Nguyen Trang
Published: March 2021

Detecting pattern in images plays a huge role in the field of computer vision. The article summarizes methods for detecting patterns by their properties, such as colours, shapes in images. And with video, the detection of patterns is also based on their movement. Human face recognition problem is also mentioned in the application of MTCNN network architecture and reconfiguring FaceNet to suit actual requirements. Test results are given and recommendations with data and program operating conditions are provided for the reference.
A facility for the research, development, and translation of advanced technologies for ion-beam therapies
Authors: Lis M. , Newhauser W. , Donetti M. , Durante M. , Weber U. , Zipfel B. , Hartmann-Sauter C. , Wolf M. , Graeff C.
Published: March 2021

This article describes the updated GSI radiotherapy research facility (Cave M) located at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany. This facility was upgraded by modernizing the beamline that supported a pilot project in carbon ion cancer therapy in Europe from 1997 to 2008. Descriptions are provided of the modernized beamline, related hardware components and treatment delivery system. The performance specifications and general characteristics for each major component are described, along with example pre-clinical test results of selected components. These upgrades to Cave M allow for investigating novel therapy methods.

The radiotherapy research facility is located on a beamline of the heavy ion synchrotron (Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron, or SIS-18) accelerator complex, capable of delivering 0.1 to 2 GeV/u charged particle beams, ranging from protons to uranium. This beamline contains components for fast beam gating, aborting, focusing, scanning, monitoring, and shifting the range of the beam. The beam scanning magnets, position detectors, and beam monitors are described, along with tests of functionality and performance. A dose delivery system (DDS) was adapted from a clinical unit at the National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy, and consists of modular real-time hardware and software. The DDS was modified to enable research on adaptively-managed patient motion through the use of libraries of 4D-optimized radiation treatment plans, an unsolved problem of importance for treating moving tumors. The system is modular and is designed to support future research studies, such as high dose rate (Flash) radiotherapy and radioactive ion beams.

A series of validation tests confirmed the functionality and performance of various key components and systems. For example, an end-to-end test revealed that dosimetric spatial homogeneity of over 95% was achieved for square treatment fields. More generally, all performance characteristics that were tested satisfied anticipated clinical requirements.
Direct measurements from shut-in and other abandoned wells in the Permian Basin of Texas indicate some wells are a major source of methane emissions and produced water
Authors: Townsend-Small Amy , Hoschouer Jacob
Published: March 2021

Oil and gas production wells are a major anthropogenic source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in the United States. Oil and gas production rates from these wells fluctuate due to changes in demand, and is expected to decline over the coming decades to centuries due to the transition to renewable energy. The CH4 emissions profile from wells that are ‘shut-in’ to accommodate changes in demand has not been previously measured, and thus it is unclear whether reduced demand will actually result in reduced CH4 emissions from oil and gas production. Here we present the results of a measurement campaign of CH4 emissions from shut-in and other non-producing oil wells in the Permian Basin, Texas, the largest oil production basin on Earth. All the wells we measured were conventionally drilled oil wells, and we did not measure CH4 emissions from any shut-in unconventional wells. We found that, of 37 wells measured, two-thirds had an emission rate of less than 1 g CH4 hr−1, with the remaining seven wells ranging from 1.3 to 132.0 g CH4 hr−1. The average CH4 emission rate from all wells was 6.2 g CH4 hr−1, lower than previous measurements of CH4 emissions from active conventional wells in the Permian Basin (∼400 g CH4 hr−1) (Robertson et al (2020 Environ. Sci. Technol.
54 13926–34)). Some shut-in wells could be a substantial source of CH4 emissions if this category is not subject to leak detection and repair regulations. We also found five orphaned wells that were a source of produced water to the surface, sometimes in very large quantities (1000s of liters per minute), with evidence for emissions of CH4, hydrogen sulfide, brine, and possibly other hazardous chemicals such as oil residue. Future work should further characterize the impacts of shut-in and orphaned wells on greenhouse gas emissions, water quality and human health.
Determining of optimum operation modes of a diesel engine with a multi-component bio-fuel composition
Authors: Plotnikov S A , Kartashevich A N , Simonov M V , Glushkov M N
Published: March 2021

A problem of reduced number of tests was identified during the determining of optimal load and speed performance of a diesel engine with a multi-component bio-fuel composition. The planning method of the experiment for determining of effective ICE performance was improved. For factor space description, graph analyses were carried out using a semi-rotatable 2nd order Box-Behnken statistical design for three factors. The operation studies of a 4ChN 11,0/12,5 diesel engine were performed with the most stable multi-component bio-fuel composition, including the following ingredients, % wt.: RSO – 34.5; ethanol – 31.0; DF – 34.5. The analysis of regression models and 2D sections of response surfaces provided for determining of the optimum advance angle of fuel injection Θɞnp. = 23.5 deg. to TDC. By method of superposition of the 2D sections of the response surfaces of the effective efficiency ηe
and the specific effective fuel consumption ge
a search for a compromise solution on optimum combination of the levels of the factors to be studied. It was found out that the optimum area of the combination of factors is located in the range of the crankshaft rpm n = 1400…1550 min−1 of the diesel engine and in the effective load range Pe
= 0.68…0.85 MPa. Under recognition of the variable nature of the load and speed modes of a diesel engine in a real operation environment, the obtained data are of practical interest.
Development and study of ways to extend the multifuel capability of ICE
Authors: Plotnikov S A , Kartashevich A N , Kantor P Ya , Vtyurina M N
Published: March 2021

In the recent years, no considerable growth of use of alternative fuels by vehicle fleets has been observed, in spite of the availability of a vast volume of research data and recommendations. The identified reason is the reluctance of manufacturers to produce ICE modifications for operation with fuels different from DF. The problem could be solved by development and study of ways to extend the multifuel capability of ICE. Basic ways were identified to extend the limits of the usability of alternative fuels with different physical and chemical properties. Regressions were suggested allowing for determining the chemical nature of additives and their degree of influence on the decreasing of the kinematic viscosity of the fuel. A mathematical solution was obtained describing conditions of physical existence of a fuel emulsion. An analysis of a number of combustion inhibitors was carried out. A mechanism of inhibition of additives of new generation was analyzed. Subcaloric fuel combustion process (generator gas) was studied, ways to improve its efficiency were suggested. Based on the theoretical analysis and experimental data, generalized assessment criteria were formulated for the usability limits of non-conventional energy materials. The obtained results could help to essentially extend the fuel base of engines in real operation environments.
Electronic component base for controlling the engine, mechatronic transmission and adaptive brake force limitation system as part of the electronic platform of the Formula SAE class sports vehicle
Authors: Kulagin A , Khozerov V
Published: March 2021

The article presents a description of the research and development work carried out by NSTU employees as part of their participation in the international project Formula Student. The paper deals with the process of creating an electronic platform for a sports car of the Formula SAE class, which includes electronic control units for the engine, mechatronic transmission and brake system, united into a common data bus. The process of selection and adaptation of the engine control unit based on the required parameters, the prototyping process of mechatronic transmission systems is described, the concept of the development of the brake control unit is reflected
Evolution of requirements to state of order of automotive tires for traffic safety
Authors: Yerasov I A , Proshin D N , Glazunov D V
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of the amendment of the requirements to the technical state of order of motor vehicles, specifically, to the design of the tires used on the front and rear axles of motor vehicles on the motor traffic safety. It has been determined that newly developed requirements aim on the reduction of the difference of the traction between the front and the rear axle for more prompt response of the braking mechanisms and improved braking efficiency. It has been demonstrated that the implementation of the design requirements to vehicles developed in 2010 an 2013 allows for reduction of the accident rates of motor vehicles using different tire types by 3%. Further tightening of the operational requirements to motor vehicles in this direction has a reserve allowing for max. 1% of further reduction of the accident rate whereafter the reserve of the traffic safety improvement will be deemed exhausted.
Experimental and calculation method for determining the parameters of a car suspension with an elastic elastomeric element
Authors: Stepanov E V , Maleev S I , Musarsky R A , Ogorodnov S M
Published: March 2021

We present a suspension design the elastic elements of which are made of elastomers. This allows us to reduce the weight of unsprung parts of the vehicle significantly, which affects the quality of ride in a positive way. The aim of the study is to determine the elastic characteristic, the damping coefficient, the natural oscillation frequency of the sprung masses and the specific dynamic energy intensity of the suspension with elastomeric elastic elements. The determination of these parameters is carried out on the basis of experimental data got as a results of static and dynamic loading of a package of elastomeric elements. The elastic characteristic of the elastomeric element is obtained by static reduction and is not linear. Stiffness estimation of an elastomeric element for a specific point of characteristic or for a limited area is suggested. Also, there are significant friction losses during deformation, it is quite difficult to take them into account as a separate parameter when evaluating the elastomer damping properties. It is recommended to estimate their absorption capacity using a “conditional” damping coefficient. Its value is determined by the nature of the damped oscillations process under dynamic loading of an elastomeric elements package implemented on a special pendulum copra. The method of reducing the elastic characteristic and the damping coefficient of the elastomer to the “wheel” using graphoanalytic techniques is described in detail. The values of natural oscillation frequency and the energy intensity of the suspension with elastomeric elastic element are calculated based on the values of the suspension static and dynamic deflections and the forces in the tire contact with the supporting surface. Relying on experience in analyzing the standard car suspension parameters, it is concluded that using elastomeric elastic elements in the suspension design of trucks, buses and all-terrain vehicles is advisable.
Formation of performance characteristics of a Formula SAE sports vehicle based on calculations and simulations of systemic elements
Authors: Kulagin A , Goncharov K , Kuzmichev V , Golubev M , Gulin M , Khozerov V
Published: March 2021

The article presents a description of the research and development carried out by NNSTU employees as part of their participation in the international project Formula Student. The paper includes the calculated assessment of the operational properties of the vehicle being designed: the calculation of the center of mass coordinates, with the presentation of data based on the configuration features of the vehicle, the calculations of stability, the efficiency of the brake system, the input parameters of the steering simulation are given, on the basis of which the graphical dependences of the angles were obtained steering wheel rotation, as well as data on prototyping mechatronic transmission systems. The data obtained is compared with the technical regulations requirements of the international student competitions «Formula SAE».
FEM design of proportional solenoid for hydraulic proportional suspension damper
Authors: Cheng Chin Yi , Renn Jyh Chyang , Xie Yi Zhe , Huang Yi Kai , Yang Chun Bin
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the FEM simulation package FLUX2D is utilized as a tool to design a proportional solenoid for the hydraulic proportional suspension damper. The hydraulic proportional suspension damper can be used in vehicle semi-active suspension system due to its adjustable output damping force. In addition, the proportional solenoid plays the most significant role to achieve such a variable output damping force. From previous literatures, three different structures of proportional solenoid will be discussed in this paper. The first one utilizes the stepped conical armature design. Its advantages include low cost, easy manufacturing. However, the limited available linear stroke as well as the poor linearity are its major faults. The second structure uses a special tube consisting of three metal rings that are welded together. Between two magnetic steel rings, there is a non-magnetic copper ring serving to guide the magnetic flux and to produce a linear force/stroke relation. Clearly, higher cost and complex manufacturing process are its major disadvantages. However, larger available linear stroke and good linearity are two promising advantages. In this paper, the third design of proportional solenoid is adopted. The construction of the proportional solenoid is divided into several parts. After assembling these parts together, a ring of air gap with a well-designed geometrical shape exists which can be used to replace the non-magnetic copper ring. Without the copper ring, the expensive and complex welding process can be omitted. Meanwhile, the large available linear stroke as well as good linearity are both preserved. Finally, an experimental test device for measuring the force/stroke relation of proportional solenoid is implemented in this study. It is observed that the simulation results agree quite well with the experimental results.
Fuzzy-DEMATEL based competitive analysis of green suppliers in a supply chain
Authors: Taso Shu Hua , Chen Wenru , Ou Shih Ming
Published: March 2021

With the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, the role of suppliers and core companies has shifted from “competitors” to “partners”. Under such a co-opetition relationship, how to be sustained success in a supply chain without protection or subsidies is a key issue for the survival and development of suppliers. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the competitiveness of suppliers. Based on Baosteel, firstly, this study constructed a hierarchical structure including 3 aspects and 13 factors. After acquiring 12 experts’ assessments, Fuzzy-DEMATEL was employed to process the data. Finally, causal map was plotted according to the outputs. Referring to the causal map, we found that “Green Manufacturing Process” and “Use of Environmentally Friendly Materials” are the most influential factors in term of total influence and net influence. Therefore, these two factors can be regarded as critical factors.
Effects of cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties and crystal orientation of 0.25C-0.80Si-1.6Mn steel with extraordinary strength-toughness
Authors: Chen Yongli , Li Yuhua , Zhou Xuejiao , Tan Fei , Jiang Yueyue
Published: March 2021

Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) in the phase transition region of austenite (A) to ferrite (F) is a novel process that can efficiently improve the content of martensite (M) and F of dual phase (DP) steel. In this work, microstructure transformation in DP structural steel treated by DCT was investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize the microstructure, alloy distribution, grain size, and orientation for the DP structural steel. The results demonstrated that DCT could effectively improve the yield ratio and mechanical properties of the tested steel. F and its large-angle significantly reduced the influence of fine-grain strengthening on the reduction of yield ratio. This research offered innovative technical support and theory guidelines for producing and studying such extraordinary strength-toughness DP steel with high strength and low yield ratio.
Acquiring photoacoustic signature of hematocrit variation from plexus layer of in-silico human skin phantom
Authors: Banerjee Soumyodeep , Sarkar Sandip , Karmakar Subhajit
Published: March 2021

Optical penetration inside human skin is constrained by the wavelength dependent scattering and absorption losses by tissue microstructure and chromophores. This computational study investigates whether the signature of hematocrit variation from plexus i.e., the first skin layer having very small blood volume percentage distributed in capillary vessels, is retained by the detected photoacoustic response. The in-silico skin phantom is irradiated by a light source equivalent to a small footprint and low power (below 5 W) continuous wave LASER diode. As the low fluence can be compensated by exploiting strong absorption by targeted chromophores (hemoglobin molecules), an irradiation of wavelength 405 nm has been used to generate detectable pressure from capillary blood vessels of plexus. Optical energy deposition inside the tissue has been modelled using Monte Carlo technique and the pressure wave is computed using k-wave. It is found that with the increase in hematocrit from 10% to 50%, photoacoustic amplitude monotonically increases and gets almost doubled. The increment is about 30% in the range of hematocrit of physiological interest (from 30% to 50%). The variation follows a quadratic relationship for the entire hematocrit range. This photoacoustic signature of hematocrit variation has further been validated against minimum detectable pressure (800 Pa). This numerical model is expected to be an important basis to realize the idea of low cost small footprint in-vivo photoacoustic hematocrit measurement device.
Structures of Morality and Allegiance in the Character Arc Story
Authors: Kelly Rory , Cumming Samuel
Published: March 2021

The view that allegiance to characters is a matter of general moral assessment, as developed by Carroll (1984) and Smith (1995), has the resources to respond to counter-examples proposed in the literature, including appeals to anti-heroes, rough heroes and other ‘reprehensible characters’ that garner our allegiance. It can even admit non-moral factors as subterranean influences on moral assessment. Nevertheless, the view requires that the characters we most favour are those with the highest moral standing, and this does not seem to be true of the character arc story (Kelly, 2020). Rather, the mixture of good and bad impulses in the protagonist is set off by the unalloyed moral example of the moral centre, a supporting character whose fate may barely interest us. We conclude that narrative theory is better served by allowing the moral hierarchy of a story to differ from the rank order of its allegiances, and hence that audience affiliation is not simply a matter of moral assessment.
CanDriS: posterior profiling of cancer-driving sites based on two-component evolutionary model
Authors: Zhao Wenyi , Yang Jingwen , Wu Jingcheng , Cai Guoxing , Zhang Yao , Haltom Jeffrey , Su Weijia , Dong Michael J , Chen Shuqing , Wu Jian , Zhou Zhan , Gu Xun
Published: March 2021

Current cancer genomics databases have accumulated millions of somatic mutations that remain to be further explored. Due to the over-excess mutations unrelated to cancer, the great challenge is to identify somatic mutations that are cancer-driven. Under the notion that carcinogenesis is a form of somatic-cell evolution, we developed a two-component mixture model: while the ground component corresponds to passenger mutations, the rapidly evolving component corresponds to driver mutations. Then, we implemented an empirical Bayesian procedure to calculate the posterior probability of a site being cancer-driven. Based on these, we developed a software CanDriS (Cancer Driver Sites) to profile the potential cancer-driving sites for thousands of tumor samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium across tumor types and pan-cancer level. As a result, we identified that approximately 1% of the sites have posterior probabilities larger than 0.90 and listed potential cancer-wide and cancer-specific driver mutations. By comprehensively profiling all potential cancer-driving sites, CanDriS greatly enhances our ability to refine our knowledge of the genetic basis of cancer and might guide clinical medication in the upcoming era of precision medicine. The results were displayed in a database CandrisDB (http://biopharm.zju.edu.cn/candrisdb/).