bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"The Rifle is the Symbol": The AK-47 in Global South Iconography
Authors: Kinney Brandon
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This article examines the relationship between Cold War national liberation groups through their shared material and visual culture. Using China, Cuba, and Palestinian groups as its case studies, it reveals how Third World militants forged transnational associative networks in part through the transmission of cultural productions that reflected common values, assumptions, and metaphors. In Global South iconography, the AK-47 rifle became shorthand for a revolutionary transnationalism. The rifle is among the most iconic images in the world, even among those who have never seen one in person, and its use as a symbol is imbued with complex political meaning. While artists, themes, and ideologies varied widely in revolutionary art, the AK-47 was a metaphoric bridge between these groups and became a focal point of imagery for national liberation and transnational solidarity. Rather than demonstrating allegiance to the Soviet Union, the repetitious use of the rifle in visual culture became a way for revolutionary groups to stake out place as an imagined community across the Global South.
Semiperipherality and the Taiwanese American Novel
Authors: Fan Christopher T.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: While Asian American authors have certainly produced narratives of return to their or their predecessors' countries of origin, these narratives have, until recently, predominantly appeared in memoir and autobiography. Since the turn of the millennium there's been a significant uptick in the fictional portrayal of return. In stark contrast to the spiritual and filial returns in memoir, these fictional portrayals tend not to sentimentalize return. The protagonists who return more often follow economic or professional trajectories. In novels like Tao Lin's Taipei (2013), Ling Ma's Severance (2018), Han Ong's The Disinherited (2004), Ruth Ozeki's A Tale for the Time Being (2013), Brian Ascalon Roley's American Son (2001), and Lucy Tan's What We Were Promised (2018), return to Asia intensifies rather than vitiates material structures of alienation. What we find is that they tend to undermine an emerging Twenty-first century racial form that welds the Asian to neoliberal flexibility, even if they often forego critique. This article will describe contemporary Asian/American return fictions in contrast to earlier manifestations of the genre and explore their problematic relationship to categories like Asian American and Anglophone Asian fiction.
(Mis)Reading in the Age of Terror: Promoting Racial Literacy through Counter-Colonial Narrative Resistance in the Post-9/11 Muslim Novel
Authors: Wolfson Roberta
Published: July 2023

Abstract: In the aftermath of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks on September 11, 2001, a surge of literary works by Muslim and Arab authors emerged on the US literary scene, seeking to challenge Islamophobic rhetoric that misrepresents Muslim and Arab communities. This essay examines two such novels, Laila Halaby's Once in a Promised Land and Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist , both of which were published in 2007 at a critical time in history, when the Bush administration's fearmongering had already justified the dual invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. These novels rewrite the history of the 9/11 tragedy from a position of counter-colonial resistance in order to denounce the post-9/11 US counterterror state's misinformed and damaging attempts to read the racialized Muslim body. Following Paula Moya's methodology in The Social Imperative (2015) of interpreting literature through the social-psychological lens of schema, this essay demonstrates how these post-9/11 Muslim novels invite readers to grow conscious of the ways in which their culturally formed racial schemas might impede their ability to accurately "read" racial others. In exposing these failures of racial literacy, these novels denounce how the War on Terror's culture of fear forecloses any possibility for authentic human connection and empathetic understanding.
"One foot on the other side": Towards a Periodization of West African Spiritual Surrealism
Authors: Harlin Kate
Published: July 2023

Abstract: For both writers and scholars of African and diaspora literature, genre is a fraught concept. Western institutions, especially departments of English literature, have used the tool of genre to discipline Africana literatures and the people who create them, at once reducing conventional realism to a source of anthropological information and mischaracterizing realism with an indigenous or Nonwestern worldview as fantasy or "Magical Realism." "West African spiritual surrealism," as defined in this essay, offers a generic rubric that both attends to the literalization of Igbo and Yoruba cosmology in fiction as well as the ways these cosmologies can give rise to literary devices that resist hegemonic, Anglo-American centric literary interpretation. Through close readings of Helen Oyeyemi's The Icarus Girl (2005) and Akwaeke Emezi's Freshwater (2018), this article historicizes West African spiritual surrealism as a geographically and ideologically diasporic genre that cannot be properly understood through frameworks of globalization alone. This genre and its writers require critics to read both deeply and widely in order to understand how West African spiritual surrealism places African cosmologies and people always already at the center of literary production.
Citational Gothic: Silvia Moreno-Garcia's Mexican Archive
Authors: Prado Ignacio M. Sánchez
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Mexican Canadian writer Silvia Moreno-Garcia's meteoric rise after the publication of Mexican Gothic (2020) has placed her at the center of contemporary genre fiction. This essay discusses the ways in which her approach to genre, and particularly to the Gothic, is informed by a citational dynamic in relation to what the article calls her "Mexican Archive"—that is, the rich network of references to the history and symbolic production of Mexico. The essay contends that this archive sets Moreno-Garcia apart from other Latinx fiction writers in her disengagement from US-centered ideas of race and Mexicanness. The article discusses in the first part the ways in which we could think about the role of Mexico and Mexican culture in Moreno-Garcia's work. In the second part, a reading of Mexican Gothic unfolds the ways in which this archive intersects with the citational practices and symbolic conventions of genre fiction.
Empire, Infrastructural Violence, and the Speculative Turn
Authors: Hurley Jessica
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This essay analyzes the function of speculative fiction in the ecosystem of literary attempts to understand the imbrication of infrastructure with racial and colonial violence. While the task of making infrastructural violence apprehensible may seem more suited to realism (the literary mode designed to make legible "what is"), I trace a largely unrecognized strand in Johan Galtung's original theorization of structural violence to argue for the importance of "what is not": the potential realizations of human flourishing that are foreclosed by empire's infrastructural violence—potential realizations that can only be grasped through an act of speculation. I make this argument through a reading of Toni Cade Bambara's 1980 novel The Salt Eaters , which begins in a mostly realist mode that captures empire's violent distortions of Black and Native lives through infrastructural violence before transitioning into a more overtly speculative mode towards the end of the novel. Bambara's formal enactment of the speculative turn, I argue, evokes the potential realizations of Black and Native life that have been foreclosed by empire's infrastructural violence and entrains readers to see the world not just as it is, or as it could be, but as it might have been and might yet be. I close the essay with a discussion of the broader speculative turn in anticolonial Black women's fiction, suggesting that both the rise of speculative elements in more realist novels and the efflorescence of Black speculative fiction can be seen as deploying the affordances of speculation to capture the realities of colonial infrastructural violence in the US.
Human Rights and the Novel After UNDRIP: On Louise Erdrich's Justice Trilogy
Authors: Hegeman Susan
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This essay extends Joseph Slaughter's argument that the genre of the novel and human rights discourse are "mutually enabling fictions," by examining three novels by the celebrated Native American author Louise Erdrich (Turtle Mountain Chippewa) created in the wake of the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). UNDRIP presented a significant innovation in human rights discourse, extending the concept of human rights not just to individuals but to whole communities and transnational collectivities of Indigenous people. Erdrich's The Plague of Doves (2008), The Round House (2012), and LaRose (2016) have been grouped together as her "Justice Trilogy" for their common thematic exploration of justice as a concept in its various legal, theological, metaphysical, and personal meanings. And yet the books all remain essentially unsatisfying in their inability to resolve the central question of whether justice was, or ever can be, done. I propose that this is because the real aim of the books is not to elaborate on a unitary concept of justice at all, but rather to think through the problem of the enabling conditions of justice, namely human rights. Together, the novels loosely describe a history of human rights discourse related to Native Americans, with The Plague of Doves exploring the absence of human rights and the impossibility of justice in the moment of non-Indigenous settlement of the Great Plains, and The Round House exploring justice and human rights in the context of the compromised sovereignty of reservations during the era of "self-determination." The final book, LaRose , explores problems of justice, mourning, and revenge in the context of a fictional world in which cultural rights and Indigenous sovereignty are taken as givens; in other words, within a regime of human rights similar to what is proposed in UNDRIP.
The Temporal Imagination of Indigenous Futurisms
Authors: Nilges Mathias
Published: July 2023

Abstract: If the very act of speaking back against colonial tropes has itself become an aspect of mainstream SF that cynically distorts the force and significance of the concept of decolonization while simultaneously serving as a way to avoid engaging with SF's own historical connection to colonialism, then how may we answer the crucial question that, as insists, artists and scholars must continue to ask themselves and answer in new ways: "what makes [Indigenous Futurisms] different from more mainstream science fiction?" This essay seeks to make a contribution to what must necessarily be a series of engagements with and answers to this question that together help us not just understand what indigenous futurisms are but also what they do. It is the latter relation to which this essay accords particular significance. Examining the temporality of IF, for instance, both on an epistemological and on a formal level, allows us not only to draw one important distinction between IF and what we may understand as settler futurism, but we are also able to catch one glimpse of the striking artistic, political, and social possibility of IF in our time.
Building Connections to Protect Ethnic Education: The Chōsen Schools’ Intercultural Network
Authors: Okamura Ryoko , O Hosok
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Prompted by the desire to return to their homeland and reclaim their ethnic identity after the end of Japan’s colonial rule, Zainichi Koreans taught their children the Korean language and educated them about their cultural heritage at what later became known as Chōsen schools. While neither the Japanese nor the South Korean government supported the Chōsen schools, the North Korean government provided them with financial support through an organization called Chongryun. Despite enduring suppression and discriminatory treatment by the Japanese government, Chōsen schools have managed to survive, becoming the largest foreign school system in Japan. This article examines the impact of activism by the Chōsen school community in protecting ethnic education and promoting intercultural engagement between Zainichi Koreans, Japanese, and foreign school communities. Focusing on three key events, the article examines efforts by the Chōsen school community to resolve bias and misunderstanding among members of the Japanese public concerning the ethnic education they provide. It argues that Zainichi Koreans’ grassroots activities have helped to build intercultural connections with local communities and other foreign schools in Japan.
The Korean Restaurant: Beyond Violence in Zainichi Korean Film
Authors: Glade Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Depictions of conflict, frequently in the form of physical violence, occupy a prominent space within Zainichi Korean film. Even the most violent of films, however, depict other divergent forms of interaction that shape social ties and inform explorations of identity. These divergent forms of interaction, in many cases, revolve around the consumption or production of Korean food and frequently take place within the shared culinary space of the Korean restaurant. Focusing on the films Yakiniku Dragon (2018), GO (2001), and Blood and Bones (2004), this article analyzes the ways in which Korean restaurants function as spaces of congregation and healing in Zainichi Korean film and act as interactive spaces that lend themselves to subtle representations of ethnic identity that coalesce around notions of intersection and hybridity. Though food, as a symbolic marker of ethnic identity, is certainly linked to direct confrontation and violence, it is the shared culinary spaces depicted in these films that allow for conflict resolution, connections across divides within the Zainichi Korean community, and the assertion of varied and complex Zainichi Korean subjectivities.
Zainichi Korean Women and Intersectional Visibility: Private Talk, Public Speech, Political Act—Seeking Justice in Japan
Authors: Kim-Wachutka Jackie J.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Currently, Zainichi Korean women emphasize being “ethnic women” in the public sphere. Individual consciousness, in conjunction with the history of the ethnic community, socio-political realities and trends within the mainstream Japanese society, and international collective movements are charting the course of action in discovering their public voice. The merging of spaces from private talk and memory of first generation serves as a catalyst for younger generation women to “seek justice.” Zainichi women’s legacy of strength of survival, and the collective consciousness of activism against blatant discrimination within Japan, as well as the recognition that social gains are only won through speaking out, younger generation women are setting legal precedence. Although facing opposition and retaliation from the socially and politically powerful, through strategies formed in intergenerational collectives and interethnic collaboration of women across ethnicities, vitriolic hate speech and hate crime are countered by women historically cast aside and invisible. I argue that Zainichi Korean women’s battles against hate-speech are for the sake of demanding social justice as individuals, as well as in reaction to the communal memory of oppression as Koreans in Japan, and as a message for the greater society that they would not simply take it and will not remain quiet.
Felled Forests and Fallowed Fields: Establishing a Narrative of Ecological and Climate Change in Mongol-Era Goryeo
Authors: Molnar Aaron
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Goryeo (918–1392) was a politically and commercially integrated part of the wider Mongol Empire (1206–1368), while also temporally situated in the difficult transition from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to the Little Ice Age (LIA). Yet narratives of Goryeo’s incorporation into the Mongol world remain overwhelmingly focused on politics, economics, and culture. Since Alfred Crosby’s Ecological Imperialism , scholars have increasingly been sensitive to the ecological impacts of imperialism and colonialism, while Geoffrey Parker has highlighted the integral role of climate in human history. This study seeks to combine these two approaches and argues that the confluence of Mongol imperialism and climate change was profoundly impactful on Goryeo’s environment and ecologies. Invasion and incorporation into the Mongol Empire spurred processes of deforestation and agro-ecological transformation, as armies traversed the peninsula, populations were displaced, and capitals were (re)built. Therein, an arguably drier, cooler, and less stable climate compounded anthropocentric agro-ecological dislocation and sylvan ecological disruption. Consequently, political transitions, as in the 1258 fall of the Choe dictatorship and the end of Goryeo itself in 1392, cannot be separated from the climate destabilization of the MWP-LIA transition.
The History of the Formation of Silhak in Modern Korea: A Preliminary Research
Authors: Noh Kwan Bum
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This article examines the historical trajectory of the construction of historical knowledge about Korean silhak . It focuses on the formation of modern notions of silhak and the invention of modern knowledge about silhak scholars. The following four points need to be taken into account in considering the formation of silhak in modern Korea. First, the relationship between the Way and the Instrument in traditional Confucian scholarship. Second, institution and civilization, as expressed in the phrases of gyeongse chiyong (administration and practical usage) and iyong husaeng (profitable usage benefiting the people). Third, growing interest in the historical importance of Jeong Yakyong’s scholarship. Fourth, consistent interest in the value of practicality ( sil ). This article concludes by identifying avenues for further advances in the study of the history of Korean silhak , to expand our understanding of the interrelationship between the modern consciousness of silhak and the historical knowledge of silhak scholars.
Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Daxiang , Xiong Shu , Xiong Juan , Deng Xuesong , Long Quanzhou , Li Yanjie
Published: July 2023

We aimed to characterize the stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) microbiota and its clinical value using an integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome. Microbiome and transcriptome data were downloaded from the Cancer Microbiome Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas databases. We identified nine differentially abundant microbial genera, including Helicobacter, Mycobacterium, and Streptococcus, which clustered patients into three subtypes with different survival rates. In total, 74 prognostic genes were screened from 925 feature genes of the subtypes, among which five genes were identified for prognostic model construction, including NTN5, MPV17L, MPLKIP, SIGLEC5, and SPAG16. The prognostic model could stratify patients into different risk groups. The high-risk group was associated with poor overall survival. A nomogram established using the prognostic risk score could accurately predict the 1, 3, and 5 year overall survival probabilities. The high-risk group had a higher proportion of histological grade 3 and recurrence samples. Immune infiltration analysis showed that samples in the high-risk group had a higher abundance of infiltrating neutrophils. The Notch signaling pathway activity showed a significant difference between the high- and low-risk groups. In conclusion, a prognostic model based on five feature genes of microbial subtypes could predict the overall survival for patients with STAD.
Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
Authors: Li Dong , Sun Wei , Chen Li , Gu Jing , Wu Huichun , Xu Huayu , Gan Jianhe
Published: July 2023

This study explored the predictive value of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). A retrospective analysis was carried out on 40 patients with ACLF from January 2018 and August 2019 in our hospital. The patient’s clinical information during hospitalization was collected, and their survivals were followed for 3 months. MLR and PLR values of patients were compared, and the correlation between liver function indicators and prognosis was analyzed. We observed that MLR levels in the survival and death groups were 0.521 (0.311, 0.827) and 0.741 (0.442, 1.121), respectively. MLR levels were markedly enhanced in the death group compared to the survival group (P = 0.021). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) exhibited that the area under the ROC curve and 95% confidence interval for the survival group was 0.641 (0.528–0.757). Survival analysis demonstrated that the 3-month survival of the high MLR group was markedly lower than that of the low MLR group (P = 0.001). Multivariate regression exposed that MLR and PLR were independent prognostic factors for ACLF. MLR and PLR could be prospective prognosticative markers of ACLF.
Representations of Jewish Functionaries in the Holocaust in Israeli Documentary Cinema
Authors: Steir-Livny Liat
Published: July 2023

The role of Jewish functionaries during the Holocaust has fueled heated debates internationally, as well as in Israel since the 1940s. For decades, however, the topic was marginalized in Israeli cinema. The documentary, Kapo (Tor Ben-Mayor and Dan Setton 1999) was the first to include filmed testimonies of former Jewish female functionaries in Auschwitz-Birkenau. The documentary, We Wept Without Tears (Itai Lev and Gideon Greif 2021) is the first to include testimonies by members of the Sonderkommando (“the special squad”) i.e., prisoners in Auschwitz-Birkenau, primarily Jews, who were forced to work in the killing installations. This article analyzes the ways these documentaries deliberately suspend judgment to provide a more complex perspective on these individuals. Kapo and We Wept Without Tears are examined in the context of how Holocaust memory has changed in Israeli society and cinema. The discussion centers on the ways these films generate a non-judgmental narrative, and the similarities and differences between them in approaching this sensitive topic. It shows that Kapo endeavors to maintain cinematic ambivalence, whereas We Wept Without Tears deliberately highlights the protagonists’ lack of agency and avoids rendering judgment.
Commitment Helps: The Positive Effects of Long-Term Orientation and Family Ownership on Firms’ International Expansion
Authors: Frerich Sören , Calabrò Andrea , Torchia Mariateresa
Published: July 2023

This research examines how commitment, long-term orientation, and distinctive family business traits resulting from family ownership affect internationalization by studying two unique and long-lasting firms with family and non-family ownership structures. Drawing upon arguments from international business studies and family business research, we have identified various entrepreneurial motivations and derived a framework that expands our knowledge on how commitment, long-term orientation and specific differences between family and non-family firms impact their international expansion. Our results indicate that family firms generate social capital, experience, and knowledge in an international context to sustain and maximize their advantages better than non-family firms.
Characteristics of the present crustal deformation in the Tibetan Plateau and its relationship with strong earthquakes
Authors: Ma Haiping , Zhang Hui , Li Minjuan , Wu Shanyi , Wang Pengtao , Wang Qian , Zhao Jing , Ma Zhiqiang
Published: July 2023

To study the characteristics of the present crustal movement in the Tibetan Plateau and explore its relationship between strong earthquakes with magnitudes of 8 and above, the velocity field size was analyzed based on the global position system (GPS) campaign observations and the time series of site north-ward displacement and long baseline were discussed using the GPS continuous observations. The results show that the velocity field size in the Tibetan Plateau decreases from southwest to north, northeast, and southeast, and the value of the velocity in the west is significantly greater than that in the east in the same dimension. The maximum value is located in the southwest and the minimum value is located in the east. The Wenchuan earthquake is located in the mutation region, where the rate and the direction of the crustal movement are quite different. The crustal deformation extent is large in the region close to the seismic source before the earthquake, reflecting that the regional stress accumulation is fast and its required time is relatively short. However, the crustal deformation extent is relatively small in the region away from the seismic source before the earthquake, reflecting that the regional stress accumulation is slow and its required time is relatively long. The N-ward movement became significantly strong after NepalMS8.1 earthquake; the occurrence of this earthquake may have caused the unlocking of large-scale faults near the seismic source, which further intensified the NE-ward subduction and collision of the Indian Plate. The compression of the Indian Plate to the Tibetan Plateau slowed down after the 2008 WenchuanMS8.0 earthquake, and increased significantly after 2015, which boosted strain accumulation in the Tibetan Plateau, and attention needs to be paid continuously to strong earthquake risk in this region.
A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
Authors: Mani Suresh , Raju Rajesh , Arumugam Natarajan , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Suresh Kumar Raju , Perumal Karthikeyan
Published: July 2023

Structurally diverse fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrids were synthesized to get excellent yields via a tandem multi-component reaction sequence employing an environmentally benign solid state melt reaction involving [3+2]-cycloaddition process followed by two consecutive annulation steps. Baylis–Hillman products, used as dipolarophiles, were synthesized from various substituted aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes in the presence of DABCO and methyl acrylate, while the 1,3-dipole component was derived in situ from indoline-2,3-dione and acyclic/cyclic amino acid viz N-methylgylcine/l-proline. The structure of the unusual tandem products was unambiguously assigned by spectroscopic and XRD analysis. The products arose through the formation of three new rings, five new bonds, and three adjoining stereocenters with complete diastereomeric control.
Green and recyclable mesoporous silica supported WO3–ZrO2 solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production by transesterification of Ankol seed oil with methanol
Authors: Manimaran Shanmugam , Tschentscher Roman , Pandurangan Arumugam , Govindasamy Gopalakrishnan
Published: July 2023

Biodiesel, an important sustainable fuel used in the transportation sector, demands a stable, recyclable and green catalyst for its economical and environmentally benign production. A novel green heterogeneous acid catalyst was developed by extracting sodium silicate from bamboo leaf ash (BLA), using which SBA-16 (BLA) was synthesized and then impregnated with 10 wt% each of WO3 and ZrO2, characterized and evaluated for the transesterification of Ankol seed oil with methanol to biodiesel. XRD, SEM, TEM and pore size characterization indicated that impregnated WO3 and ZrO2 were present outside the mesopores of SBA-16 (BLA) as monoclinic phases, thus 3D cubic cage-like Im3m mesopores of SBA-16 were unaltered. NH3-TPD indicated the presence of acid sites of two distinct strengths, attributed to the Lewis and Brønsted acidity of WO3–ZrO2 impregnated into SBA-16 (BLA) and hence gave the highest biodiesel yield of 98 %. In contrast 10 wt% of WO3 and 10 wt% of ZrO2 separately impregnated into SBA-16 gave 65  and 57 % of biodiesel yield respectively, possibly due to the presence of Lewis acidity alone in them. Among the WO3(10 %)–ZrO2(10 %) impregnated mesoporous supports viz. SBA-16 (BLA), SBA-16 (synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate), SBA-15, MCM-41, MCM-48, KIT-6, FDU-5, and TUD-1, the highest biodiesel yield of 98 % was given by SBA-16 (BLA), attributed to its spherical morphology and strong interaction with WO3–ZrO2 as inferred from SEM and XPS characterizations respectively. From the effect of process parameters on the WO3(10 %)–ZrO2(10 %)/SBA-16 (BLA) catalyst, maximum biodiesel yield was obtained at the temperature of 65 °C, catalyst amount of 200 mg, methanol:oil weight ratio of 10:1 and reaction time of 3 h. Under these reaction conditions, it retained the same biodiesel yield for six recycles after regeneration every time, confirmed its catalytic stability and recyclability.
Engaging the creative heArts of nurse educators: a novel conceptual model
Authors: Hartigan-Rogers Jackie A. , d’Eon Paula
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Nurse educators are increasingly challenged in preparing future nurses to be creative thinkers. The purpose of this innovative quality improvement initiative is to share nursing students’ interpretations of the value arts-based pedagogy (ABP) brings to their nursing practice.

Methods

Braun and Clarke’s approach to thematic analysis was utilized to identify and report patterns of ideas within learners’ interpretations of engaging in an ABP assignment.

Results

The analysis of students’ interpretations led to the creation of a novel conceptual model to encourage and support nurse educators in the use of innovative ABP approaches.

Conclusions

ABP can be seamlessly integrated within teaching and learning methodologies to cultivate meaningful student learning.

Implications for international audience

The intent of the conceptual model is to encourage and support nurse educators in the use of innovative ABP approaches designed for engaging nursing students in active, creative, and challenging learning environments.
Factors associated with mental health among undergraduate nursing students early in the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review
Authors: Sugimoto Keiko , Fukuzawa Rieko K. , Togoobaatar Ganchimeg , Park Chang G. , Vonderheid Susan C.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

We aimed to synthesize research findings identifying factors associated with mental health in undergraduate nursing students early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Seven electronic databases were searched using key terms and subject headings. JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists were used to evaluate research report quality.

Results

Among 23 reports (19 quantitative and four qualitative) meeting inclusion criteria, negative emotional responses to COVID-19 (fear of infection, perceived risk, uncertainty about care/future), negative behavioral responses to COVID-19 (eating behaviors, problematic internet use, insomnia), and negative coping strategies were associated with more adverse mental health symptoms. Conversely, social support, professional identity, preventive behaviors, sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE), and positive coping strategies were related to fewer symptoms.

Conclusions

During a pandemic, undergraduate nursing students require educational support to promote their ability to avoid severe mental health disorders. Also, educators should strengthen students’ professional identity, provide infection prevention knowledge and skills, and supply sufficient PPE.
Quantitative probing: Validating causal models with quantitative domain knowledge
Authors: Grünbaum Daniel , Stern Maike L. , Lang Elmar W.
Published: July 2023

We propose quantitative probing as a model-agnostic framework for validating causal models in the presence of quantitative domain knowledge. The method is constructed in analogy to the train/test split in correlation-based machine learning. It is consistent with the logic of scientific discovery and enhances current causal validation strategies. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated using Pearl’s sprinkler example, before a thorough simulation-based investigation is conducted. Limits of the technique are identified by studying exemplary failing scenarios, which are furthermore used to propose a list of topics for future research and improvements of the presented version of quantitative probing. A guide for practitioners is included to facilitate the incorporation of quantitative probing in causal modelling applications. The code for integrating quantitative probing into causal analysis, as well as the code for the presented simulation-based studies of the effectiveness of quantitative probing are provided in two separate open-source Python packages.
Investigation of non-equilibrium separation time on the partitioning of cephalexin in an aqueous two-phase system composed of glucose and acetonitrile
Authors: Movahedi Parsa , Jalali Qush Qayeh Ali , Rahbar Shahrouzi Javad
Published: July 2023

In order to commercialize aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs), not only the equilibrium data is essential, but also the knowledge of separation mechanisms, kinetics, settling time, and operational conditions are needed. Mixing duration and settling time are the most critical factors affecting separation and biomolecule partitioning in terms of economic aspects. This research aimed to find the desired conditions for separating cephalexin in an ATPS consisting of acetonitrile, glucose, and water. Firstly, the evolution of the interphase region was observed. Hereafter, to examine the effect of time on the experimental tie-lines and partition coefficient in non-equilibrium states, the settling time was varied from 2 min to 24 h. In addition, centrifugation was applied to help the separation at different time intervals and rotational speeds. The results of tie-lines slope and partitioning coefficients showed that the system approaches equilibrium after 5 h. However, using the centrifuge separation at 4000 rpm improved the separation time to 45 min, reaching 80 % of the actual partition coefficient. It can be concluded that with an acceptable tolerance in the partition coefficient, a remarkably diminished settling time is available for economic productivity in industrial units.
Valency patterns of manner of speaking verbs in Croatian
Authors: Brač Ivana , Birtić Matea
Published: July 2023

Manner of speaking verbs denote the transfer of a message through speech, emphasizing the volume, intensity, comprehensibility, psychophysical condition of the speaker, and/or the impression that the speaker leaves on the hearer. In this article, verbs are semantically divided into four subclasses: 1. Verbs with emphasis on volume, 2. verbs of incomprehensible speaking, 3. verbs of meaningless speaking and complaining, and 4. verbs with emphasis on emotional component. Their syntactic peculiarities have been extensively researched in English, while no special attention has been paid to these verbs in Croatian. It is stated that in Croatian they are monovalent verbs. However, these verbs can be bivalent, and even trivalent. The recipient can be expressed by a dative complement within all four semantic subclasses. With the verbs of loud speaking and verbs with negative emotions, it can be expressed by a prepositional complement na ‘at’ + accusative and za ‘after’ + instrumental. The theme can be expressed by a quotation and a clausal complement, a prepositional complement o ‘about’ + locative, an accusative complement, sometimes a prepositional complement protiv ‘against’ + genitive, za ‘for’ + accusative, and with fewer verbs with prepositional phrases za ‘for’ + instrumental or nad ‘over’ + instrumental. Interestingly, there are certain restrictions for the complements’ combination within the same clause, which are described in more detail in the article.
Attitude dative (dativus ethicus) as an interpersonal pragmatic marker in Latvian
Authors: Kalnača Andra , Lokmane Ilze
Published: July 2023

Among varied syntactic and semantic functions of the dative case in Latvian, the attitude dative or dativus ethicus is a less studied one. As an optional pronominal clitic, it serves two broad functions: first, it expresses the speaker’s authority and affectedness of the speaker or the addressee in a speech-act situation, and second, it expresses the speaker’s stance towards the contents of the utterance. In terms of register, the attitude dative normally occurs in informal interaction. The current study examines three basic types of attitude datives in Latvian and their functions in different syntactic constructions and speech acts. The examples are extracted from corpora as well as Latvian fiction and everyday speech. It follows from the examples that the attitude dative has different meanings in certain speech acts and syntactic constructions. The attitude dative is used in giving orders, expressing prohibition and threats, as well as showing disagreement, disappointment, and regret. The study suggests that the attitude dative tends to be used in lexicalized syntactic constructions (set expressions) including specific lexemes and grammatical forms, and its functions are emphasized with particles.
Commitments: binding and being bound
Authors: McCready Elin
Published: July 2023

This paper considers the commitments we make by our linguistic choices, and the things we are committed to by our uses of language; it also considers how these commitments can be avoided.
Synthesis of nickel borides in molten salts at elevated temperatures and thermodynamic characterization of the system Ni–B
Authors: Burkmann Konrad , Störr Bianca , Seidel Jürgen , Bohmhammel Klaus , Mertens Florian
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the synthesis of nickel borides in different molten-salt systems (eutectic NaCl/KCl and borax) at elevated temperatures. The differences in the thermodynamic stability of different nickel borides and the formation of NiB in an eutectic halite-sylvine mixture at T = 950 °C with different nickel-containing starting materials (NiO, Ni) has been elucidated. The results are compared to theoretical data calculated by the Calphad method. The results of the analysis shows that NiB2, if it exists, may only form a metastable phase.
Field Performance Evaluation of Base Course Constructed with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Virgin Aggregate Blends
Authors: Tanyu Burak F. , Guler Erol , Akmaz Emre , Ullah Saad
Published: July 2023

This study presents the results of four years of data collection from a test site that is constructed as part of an actual roadway. The focus of the study was to evaluate the possibility of achieving similar or better performance characteristics from base course sections constructed with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) blends compared to sections with 100 % virgin aggregate (VA). Two base course sections were constructed by blending VA with 20 % RAP and two with 30 % RAP (four RAP-VA sections). Blends were achieved using fine processed RAP with two different average binder contents (4.9 and 5.6 %). Additionally, two sections were constructed with 100 % VA for comparison. During construction, strain gauges were embedded into the asphalt and base course layers. Long-term performance evaluations were monitored based on data from the strain gauges and in situ testing. Falling weight deflectometer and light weight deflectometer tests were used to evaluate modulus values, and the results showed that all sections constructed with RAP-VA blends had equal or greater modulus values than the 100 % VA sections. International roughness index tests coupled with data from strain gauges were used to evaluate deformations. The results showed that three of the four RAP sections had deformations close to or less than 100 % VA sections (desired outcome). The only exception was in the section constructed with 30 % RAP with lower binder content (4.9 %). Findings from this study showed that field evaluations require multiple methods of testing, and modulus-based measurements alone should not be relied on for performance evaluations. This study demonstrated that it is possible to design base course sections with RAP that perform similar to or better than 100 % VA. A proper blend requires the gradation and binder content of RAP to be characterized and the percentage of RAP blended with VA to be determined based on these properties.
An Examination of the Effect of Chemically Induced Damage on the Monotonic and Cyclic Shearing Behavior of Biocemented Sands
Authors: Ribeiro Bruna G. O. , Lee Minyong , Gomez Michael G.
Published: July 2023

Microbially induced calcite precipitation is a biomediated soil improvement method that can improve the engineering properties of granular soils. Although improvements in soil engineering behaviors afforded by biocementation have been extensively characterized, there remains limited understanding of the anticipated long-term engineering behavior of biocemented soils following progressive chemical damage that may be experienced following initial applications. In this study, 10 direct simple shear tests were performed to investigate the effect of chemically induced damage on the drained monotonic and undrained cyclic shearing behaviors of biocemented loose Ottawa F-65 sand. All specimens were either uncemented, biocemented to different cementation levels corresponding to shear wave velocity increases (ΔVs) between 150 and 500 m/s, or biocemented to a ΔVs near 250 or 500 m/s and then subjected to degradation injections, which induced chemical damage and achieved ΔVs reductions of either 100 or 200 m/s. For all specimens, Vs and soil calcium carbonate content measurements were performed to assess improvement magnitudes, cementation uniformity, and evaluate magnitudes of chemically induced damage. As expected, increases in biocementation levels as captured by Vs increases were shown to progressively improve drained monotonic and undrained cyclic shearing behaviors. Following chemically induced damage, however, behavioral improvements were largely retained and were found to be consistent with the nondegraded biocemented specimens on the basis of similar Vs values. The performed tests provide the first examination of the expected long-term engineering behaviors of biocemented sands and yield new understandings regarding the anticipated impacts of chemical damage on behaviors relevant to subsurface liquefaction mitigation applications and other geotechnical use cases.
Influence of the Valid Test Temperature Range on Master Curve Analyses of Large Fracture Toughness Data Sets
Authors: Lucon Enrico
Published: July 2023

ASTM E1921, Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range, standardizes the Master Curve procedure for determining the reference temperature, T0, of ferritic steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition range. In order for toughness test results to be included in the analyses, the corresponding test temperatures, T, must currently lie within the valid range defined as T0 – 50°C ≤ T ≤ T0 + 50°C. This study investigated the possibility of extending the valid test temperature range in a future revision of ASTM E1921 by assessing the consequences on the values of homogeneous (T0) and inhomogeneous (T0IN, Tm) reference temperatures calculated on 10 large “historical” data sets, already examined by the author in previous papers. The effect of expanding the valid temperature range on the macroscopical nature (homogeneous or inhomogeneous) of each data set was also considered by using the screening criterion presently proposed by ASTM E1921-22a. The results obtained appear to warrant a possible revision of the standard in this direction.
Comparison of the Effects of Three Priming Agents in Enhancing the Chilling Tolerance of Tobacco Seeds During Germination
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Zhou Xiangping , Hu Risheng , Peng Shuguang , Xiao Qinzhi , Li Wei , Ma Hao
Published: July 2023

Early spring low temperature hazards are a common problem in southern China's tobacco production areas, leading to slow germination of tobacco seeds. In the present study, spermine (Spm), salicylic acid (SA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to prime seeds of different tobacco
cultivars. After priming, their germination indices were evaluated in an optimal temperature (25°C) germination test and a low temperature (12°C) germination test. In the optimal temperature germination experiment, priming with any of Spm, SA and PEG could improve the germination index
(GI) and reduce the mean germination time (MGT) of 'Xiangyang No. 7' seeds. Moreover, priming with Spm or PEG enhanced the vigour indices (VI) at most priming concentrations and durations, while SA priming with 0.5 mmol L-1 for 24 hours improved the germination potential (GE) and
SA priming with 0.5 and 0.6 mmol L -1 for 48 hours improved germination potential (GP). For the low temperature germination experiment, Spm or PEG priming treatment based on the optimal temperature germination experiment markedly improved GI and VI, which was confirmed by the enhancement
of antioxidative enzyme activities, while the selected SA priming treatments significantly enhanced GI except for at 0.6 mmol L-1 for 12 hours. Our results indicated that Spm, SA and PEG could be used for enhancing chilling tolerance of tobacco seeds and improving seed germination.
Pyrolysis kinetics of washed precipitated lignin
Authors: Gustafsson Christina , Richards Tobias
Published: July 2023

This article describes the pyrolysis behavior of precipitated washed lignin in a Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor between 700 and 1000°C and at different residence times. Lignin was precipitated by acidification of softwood black liquor using CO2. After acid washing, the solid material was dried and sieved (80-100 μm). This material was then fed into the reactor at a rate of about 0.1 g/min. The formed gases were analyzed with respect to CO, CO2, and CH4, and char was collected and weighed. A traditional first order Arrhenius kinetic expression, based on the temperature of the particles with respect to residence time, was adapted to the experimental results. The activation energy was found to be 32.1 kJ/mol. The low ash content in the washed lignin gave a very low solid material residue after the reactor.
On the interactions between cellulose and xylan, a biomimetic simulation of the hardwood cell wall
Authors: Dammström Sofia , Salmén Lennart , Gatenholm Paul
Published: July 2023

The plant cell wall exhibits a hierarchical structure, in which the organization of the constituents on different levels strongly affects the mechanical properties and the performance of the material. In this work, the interactions between cellulose and xylan in a model system consisting of a bacterial cellulose/glucuronoxylan (extracted from aspen, Populus tremula) have been studied and compared to that of a delignified aspen fiber material. The properties of the materials were analyzed using Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA) with moisture scans together with dynamic Infra Red -spectroscopy at dry and humid conditions. The results showed that strong interactions existed between the cellulose and the xylan in the aspen holocellulose. The same kinds of interactions were seen in a water-extracted bacterial cellulose/xylan composite, while unextracted material showed the presence of xylan not interacting with the cellulose. Based on these findings for the model system, it was suggested that there is in hardwood one fraction of xylan that is strongly associated with the cellulose, taking a similar role as glucomannan in softwood.