bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Social Vision of Frye’s Criticism: The Scandal of Undiscriminating Catholicity
Authors: Arac Jonathan
Published: March 2013

This essay explores Frye’s highly debated views concerning the role of criticism. Frye does not grant value-judgement any place within criticism, rejects hierarchy, and states that negative criticism is futile. His works Anatomy of Criticism and The Critical Path illuminate his faith in the importance of positive literary theory, freedom from the shortcomings of class-bound conceptions, the conversion of pejorative critical terms into tools of analytical criticism, and ‘undiscriminating catholicity’ as openness to all products of human imagination. Critics from Samuel Taylor Coleridge to Walter Benjamin and Erich Auerbach are examined in their relation to Frye’s arguments. The article defends Frye’s vision, specifically his theorization of historical, ethical, and archetypal criticism and the autonomy of literature, as well as his advocacy of an escape from negative evaluation as a way for criticism to achieve new capacities.
Firm conviction or forced belief? The Islamic Da‘wah Party’s response to Khomeini’s theory of wilayat al-faqih
Authors: Bernhardt Florian
Published: March 2013

This article assesses how the Islamic Da‘wah Party, Iraq’s oldest Islamist organization, responded to Khomeini’s theory on the guardianship of the jurist (wilayat al-faqih). Iraq’s Islamist movement and Khomeini’s political efforts evolved and prospered
in close proximity to each other. Khomeini spent almost thirteen years in exile in Najaf, where he witnessed the ascent of Iraq’s Islamist movement and its later suppression by the Ba‘ath regime. It was here that he held his renowned lectures on wilayat al-faqih. After Khomeini’s
accession to power in the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iraq’s Islamists found refuge in Iran in thousands. Funded and supported by Iran, they contributed to the war efforts of the Islamic Republic, endorsed Khomeini’s claim to leadership over the whole Muslim community
and advocated wilayat al-faqih. The article attempts to reconstruct the relationship between the Da‘wah Party and Khomeini during his exile in Najaf. It goes on to examine how the party dealt with wilayat al-faqih on a theoretical level and assesses the reasons for the party’s
change in ideological alignment.
Disrupted identity: Naim Kattan’s Farewell Babylon and the exile narrative of Baghdadi Jews
Authors: Malak Amin
Published: March 2013

In his multi-genre writings, the Québécois-Canadian author Naim Kattan often refers nostalgically to his early years as an Iraqi Jew growing up in the 1940s’ Baghdad. His autobiographical novel Farewell Babylon (1975) represents an important historical document about
the complex reality of the life of Iraqi Jews, often referred to as the Babylonian Jews. Part of the novel’s historicity is the dramatization of the Farhud (violent looting) of 1941, which took place in Baghdad and to which the author was a witness as a young boy. The novel traces the
trajectory of the coming of age of an aspiring intellectual, facing challenging personal, social and political obstacles in a fraught, alienating and bigoted environment, with exiting the country being the only possible salvation.

This article argues that both minority persecution and exile
create identitarian havoc for those subjected to them, especially when evoking the vexed, often misunderstood, issue of the Arab Jew. Kattan’s novel, as well as those of the other forcibly exiled Iraqi-Jewish writers, illustrates nevertheless the notion that while uprootedness is painfully
destabilizing, it carries with it a potential for rebirth, the reinvention of self and the accretion of layered identities. Moreover, the article foregrounds Kattan’s skilful deployment of the autobiographical novel as a genre to convey complex intellectual and political issues while
maintaining his reader’s sympathy and interest. Finally, the article aims to pay tribute to Naim Kattan, an often-overlooked writer by both Iraqi and Canadian critics, and highlight his touching, lyricized narrative of nostalgia about his birthplace, Baghdad.
‘A true Iraqi’: blogging from the Green Zone in post-invasion Iraq
Authors: Campbell Perri
Published: March 2013

The use of digital spaces to record everyday experiences and speak against oppression has taken on different forms throughout the Middle East over the last decade. Following the US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq, Iraqi women used online spaces to grapple with the politics of everyday
life – growing up and working in war-torn Iraq. In this paper we engage with one Iraqi woman – Neurotic Iraqi Wife (or ‘Neurotica’) – who works and blogs from Iraq’s Green Zone. Neurotica questions her presence in the Americanized Green Zone and agonizes
over her identity as a married ‘Iraqi expat’. Her blog tells a story of movement, struggle, alienation, longing and nostalgia. In her blog, Neurotica practises a digital self that questions political processes, occupation, intervention and her own presence in Iraq. Her blog offers
a glimpse into a life-world shaped during a time of war, social chaos and violence.
The (re)imagined Mosul: Online appropriations of a negotiated particular identity within the greater Iraqi context
Authors: Dabbagh Mariam Wissam Al
Published: March 2013

This article examines the appropriations of online media space(s) by Iraqis, in particular Iraqis that descend from the city of Mosul. It looks at one forum in particular, and how the participants negotiate their national and local identity and relationship to the homeland, specifically
after the 2003 war on Iraq. The article looks at how the said forum is used to construct a re(imagined) Mosul, through elements of nostalgia to the past, and an idealization process of the homeland in a way that does not, in reality, exist in the present. The article sheds light also on arguments
on the particularistic assertions of identity within the greater Iraqi context, and how they challenge a dominant Iraqi national discourse that borders Mosul from the south, and a Kurdish cultural and political power that challenges it from the north.

The article includes arguments of a
fragmegrated identity that the forum invites its participants to have: accepting the national Iraqi identity, but also clinging into the particularity of the Maslawi identity that differentiates them from the rest of the population.

This article builds arguments on what characterizes the
Iraqi online communities by looking at Anderson’s imagined community, Brah’s diasporic borders, Hall’s cultural identity , Sreberny’s diasporic gaze and Rosenau’s theory of fragmegration. The research also sheds light the lack of literature on Iraqi diaspora,
both external and internal, and argues for the need for empirical research on the effects of the Iraqi dispersal on the formation of the Iraqi national identity.
EXHIBITION REVIEWS
Authors: Susik Abigail , Morgan-Feir Caoimhe , Coyne Mary L.
Published: March 2013

dOCUMENTA (13) Curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev and associated curatorial agents, various locations, Kassel, Germany, 9 June–16 September 2012

RASHID JOHNSON: MESSAGE TO OUR FOLKS Curated by Julie Rodrigues Widholm, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, 14 April–15
August 2012

WHEN ATTITUDES BECAME FORM BECOME ATTITUDES Curated by Jens Hoffmann, California College of the Arts, Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts, San Francisco, 13 September– 1 December 2012
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Whyte Ryan , Walker Ellyn
Published: March 2013

SLAVERY AND THE CULTURE OF TASTE, SIMON GIKANDI Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press (2011), 370 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-691-14066-7, US$45.00

FROM SITE TO VISION: THE WOMAN’S BUILDING IN CONTEMPORARY CULTURE, SONDRA HALE AND TERRY WOLVERTON (EDS) Los
Angeles: Ben Maltz Gallery, Otis College of Art and Design, and the Woman’s Building (2011), 420 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-930209-23-0

DOIN’ IT IN PUBLIC: FEMINISM AND ART AT THE WOMAN’S BUILDING, MEG LINTON AND SUE MABERRY (EDS) Los Angeles: Ben Maltz Gallery, Otis
College of Art and Design (2011), 192 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-930209-22-3, $55.00 (combined)
Berlin, Paris, Liverpool: ‘Biennialization’ and Left Critique in 2012
Authors: Frascina Francis
Published: March 2013

This article examines three European examples of the ‘biennale’ phenomenon from 2012 in order to explore Charlotte Bydler’s insistence that there is no ‘biennial format’, no single ‘biennial discourse’, and the ‘only way to historicize
a biennial is to identify its specificity’. It will argue two main points: first, that instances of ‘specificity’, evident in relationships between artworks and audiences, constituencies and communities, are in tension with curatorial conventions of so-called ‘biennial
culture’ and ‘biennialization’; second, that responding to conflicting characteristics of biennales is a challenge to leftists wary and weary of, on the one hand, reductive characterizations – treating instances as homogeneous manifestations of the market – and,
on the other, melancholic retreats into claims for the power of aesthetic judgments and experiences as counter to capitalism’s culture of spectacle.
Effect of acute immobilization stress with or without a heme oxygenase inducer on testicular structure and function in male albino rats
Authors: Aziz Neven Makram , Ragy Merhan Mamdouh , Gayyed Mariana Fathy
Published: March 2013

Background: Stress disturbs homeostasis and may induce various disorders. Immobilization stress (IS) induced due to reduced area provided for mobility results in the imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant status. Stress leads to male reproductive dysfunction in many species, including rodents and humans. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate limiting enzyme in heme degradation, increases host antioxidant defenses. We elucidated the protective role of induction of HO-1 by hemin on testicular damage induced by acute IS.

Methods: Male albino rats were immobilized for a period of 6 h. Hemin was given for 3 consecutive days (40 μmol/kg/day, s.c.), before subjecting the animals to acute IS.

Results: Upregulation of HO-1 following hemin administration was evidenced in our study by increasing carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level. Histopathological evaluation confirmed that acute IS caused significant testicular tissue injury, which improves in groups pretreated with hemin. Acute IS also caused significant increases in serum catecholamines and corticosterone levels; however, it produced a significant decrease in testosterone level with non-significant changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) level. In addition, it was found that IS significantly increased testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased catalase activities. The HO-1 inducer (i.e., hemin) significantly decreased catecholamines and corticosterone levels, and increased testosterone and LH levels. Hemin also decreased testicular MDA and increased catalase activities significantly.

Conclusions: Induction of HO-1 protects the testes through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, it represents a potential therapeutic option to protect testicular tissue from detrimental effects of IS.
Interfacial properties and fatigue behavior of carbon fiber epoxy laminate composites
Authors: Chiu Hsien-Tang , Liu Yung-Lung , Liang Kuo-Chuan , Tsai Peir-An
Published: March 2013

The study elucidated the relationship between the stacking sequence and physical properties, by investigating mechanical properties, fatigue life and the morphology, after fatigue fracture of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The results show that the unidirectional carbon fiber laminate has the maximum tensile stress. Moreover, the laminate with ±45° plies can improve the tensile strain. The fatigue life of all specimens was shorter than 103 cycles under high cyclic stress level, and longer than 106 cycles under low cyclic stress level. Laminates with [908]s stacking sequence had the shortest fatigue life under high and low cyclic stress, while the unidirectional carbon fiber laminate had the highest fatigue life. A number of fatigue damage models, including delaminating, matrix cracking and fiber failure, have been identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs showed that the morphology on the cross section, after fatigue fracture, was significantly correlated to the stacking sequence.
The effect of silica microparticles and maleic anhydride on the physic-mechanical properties of epoxy matrix phase
Authors: Silva Leandro J. , Rubio Juan C. Campos , Panzera Túlio H. , Borges Paulo H.R.
Published: March 2013

Thermoset polymers, especially epoxy resin, have been applied in several industrial applications in which high stiffness and adhesive strength are demanded. On the other hand, epoxy resin is rather brittle and has poor fracture toughness. For this reason, the addition of fibres/particles into thermoset polymer can be used to enhance strength and toughness for several structural applications. This work investigated the addition of silica microparticles and maleic anhydride (as a coupling agent between the phases) into epoxy resin, which will be used as the matrix phase of hybrid biocomposites. A full factorial design was conducted to evaluate the effect of silica microparticles and chemical additive into the epoxy matrix under compressive loadings. Apparent density was also evaluated. Experimental factors such as weight fraction of silica microparticles (0, 20, and 33.3 wt%) and weight fraction of maleic anhydride (0 and 2 wt%) were investigated. The statistical analysis revealed that the main factors ‘chemical additive’ and ‘silica addition’ significantly affected the compressive modulus of the composites.
Synthesis and characterization of thorium, uranium and cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Batuk Olga N. , Szabó D. Vinga , Denecke Melissa A. , Vitova Tonya , Kalmykov Stepan N.
Published: March 2013

We describe the synthesis of cerium, thorium and uranium oxide nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous matrix as template in a kind of nanocasting technique. The solid matrix is used as a template to obtain and stabilize the actinide oxide nanoparticles. We apply high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) to show evidence of metal oxide incorporation into the matrix pores and analyze their structure. Measured interplanar distances and calculated lattice parameters for synthesized nanosized CeO2−x
and ThO2 samples differ from their bulk crystalline counterparts. We obtain with our synthesis CeO2−x
particles containing both Ce4+ and larger sized Ce3+. The lattice parameter for these ceria nanoparticles is found to be larger than the bulk value due to the presence of Ce3+ with its larger ionic radius. The presence of Ce3+ was established by means of high resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (HRXES), applied to the investigation of nanoparticles for the first time. The ThO2 nanoparticles exhibit a decrease in interplanar distances, as one might generally expected for these nanoclusters. However, the lattice distance decrease for our particles is remarkable, up to 5%, indicating that contact with the surrounding silica matrix may exert a bond distance shortening effect such as through significant external pressure on the particle surface.
Quality of life and burden of disease in peripheral arterial disease: a study among Hungarian patients
Authors: Balogh Orsolya , Péntek Márta , Gulácsi László , Farkas Katalin , Járai Zoltán , Landi Anna , Pécsvárady Zsolt , Brodszky Valentin
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease may occur in about of 14% of patients with high blood pressure, of which 1–3% suffer from chronic critical limb ischemia. Literature data on the quality of life according to the Fontaine stages are very limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of Hungarian patients with peripheral arterial disease regarding Fontaine stages II, III and IV. Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional survey, which was carried out in four angiologic centres. One hundred and two respondents with peripheral arterial disease (43% woman) were evaluated. The average age of the patients was 70 years (SD-10). Results: Based on the EQ-5D index, the results of the quality of life assessment with respect to Fontaine stages II, III and IV were 0.66, 0.35 and 0.18, respectively. In each stage the EQ-5D values were lower than the values of the age-matched average population. The results of the Pain Visual Analogue Scale (0–100 mm) were 38, 65 and 71 mm in Fontaine stages II, III and IV, respectively, and this showed a strong correlation with the EQ-5D (R = –0.68). In stage Fontaine IV the quality of life of the patients was significantly lower among those who had pain at rest and ALSO ulcer on the leg. Conclusions: Peripheral disease with clinical symptoms causes significant reduction in quality of life which can be measured with EQ-5D. It becomes worse as we move along the Fontaine stages. While measuring the health gain in stage Fontaine IV, the health gain from the reduction of pain in rest and partial recovery from ulcer should be taken into account. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 464–470.
Coping with work-related stress in health care professionals – strategies for prevention of burnout and depression
Authors: Mészáros Veronika , Cserháti Zoltán , Oláh Attila , Perczel Forintos Dóra , Ádám Szilvia
Published: March 2013

Background: The prevalence of depression and burnout among health care professionals is high in Hungary. However, there is limited empirical data on disease prevention among these populations. Aims: This study aims at evaluating the mediating role of coping mechanisms in preventing depression and burnout. Methods: Cross-sectional survey among 1333 health care professionals. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires about their perception of work stress, burnout and depressive symptoms, as well as their preferred coping strategies. Analyses were performed using structural equation modelling. Results: The prevalence of severe depression and lack of personal accomplishment was 5.6% and nearly 50%, respectively. Work stress predicted symptoms of burnout and depression both directly and indirectly through the mediation by coping strategies. Of the coping strategies, cognitive restructuring, which accentuates the realistic assessment of challenging situations, was found to reduce the probability of the development of burnout and depression symptoms. Conclusions: This study provides further data for the development of cognitive interventional strategies and highlights the significance of these strategies in the prevention of depression and burnout among Hungarian health care professionals. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 449–454.
The largest flying reptile from Gondwana: a new specimen of Tropeognathus cf. T. mesembrinusWellnhofer, 1987 (Pterodactyloidea, Anhangueridae) and other large pterosaurs from the Romualdo Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil
Authors: KELLNER ALEXANDER W. A. , CAMPOS DIOGENES A. , SAYÃO JULIANA M. , SARAIVA ANTÔNIO A.F. , RODRIGUES TAISSA , OLIVEIRA GUSTAVO , CRUZ LILIAN A. , COSTA FABIANA R. , SILVA HELDER P. , FERREIRA JENNYFER S.
Published: March 2013

A very large pterosaur (MN 6594-V) from the Romualdo Formation (Aptian/Albian), Santana Group, Araripe Basin, is described. The specimen is referred to Tropeognathus cf. T. mesembrinus mainly due to the presence of a low and blunt frontoparietal crest, the comparatively low number of teeth and the inclined dorsal part of the occipital region. Two distinct wingspan measurements for pterosaurs are introduced: the maximized wingspan (maxws), which essentially consists of doubling the addition of all wing elements and the length of the scapula or the coracoid (the smaller of the two), and the normal wingspan (nws), which applies a reducing factor (rfc) to the maximized wingspan to account for the natural flexures of the wing. The rfc suggested for pteranodontoids is 5%. In the case of MN 6594-V, the maxws and nws are 8.70 m and 8.26 m, respectively, making it the largest pterosaur recovered from Gondwana so far. The distal end of a larger humerus (MCT 1838-R) and a partial wing (MPSC R 1395) are also described showing that large to giant flying reptiles formed a significant part of the pterosaur fauna from the Romualdo Formation. Lastly, some comments on the nomenclatural stability of the Santana deposits are presented.
Wild birds as pets in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil: An Ethnozoological Approach
Authors: LICARIÃO MORGANA R. , BEZERRA DANDARA M.M. , ALVES RÔMULO R.N.
Published: March 2013

Birds are one of the animals most widely used by humans and are highly valued as pets. The present work reports the use of wild birds as pets in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba State (PB), Brazil. The owners' choice and perceptions of the species ecology was assessed as well. The methodology employed included unstructured and semi-structured interviews, guided tours and direct observations. A total of 26 bird species distributed among ten families and four orders were identified. The most frequently encountered order was Passeriformes (76.9%), with a predominance of the family Emberizidae (34.6%). The specimens kept as pets were principally obtained in public markets or between the breeders themselves. The popularity of birds as pets, compounded by the inefficiency of official controls over the commerce of wild animals has stimulated the illegal capture and breeding of wild birds in Campina Grande.
Maturation of Eugenia pyriformis seeds under different hydric and thermal conditions
Authors: Lamarca Edmir V. , Prataviera Juliana S. , Borges Igor F. , Delgado Liliana F. , Teixeira Carmen C. , Camargo Marcelo B.P. de , Faria José M.R. , Barbedo Claudio J.
Published: March 2013

This study aims to analyze the maturation and dispersal of Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. seeds produced in different years, and the influence of variation in thermal and hydric environment on seed physical and physiological characteristics at dispersal. Fruits at different developmental stages were harvested in the city of São Paulo between 2003 and 2010, as well as in the cities of Campinas and Lavras, in 2009 and 2010 and analyzed for size and color. The seeds were extracted from the fruits and their dry mass, water content, germination and vigor were assessed. Results showed that seed maturation is unsynchronized to the maturation of the fruit, taking 45 days on average (430 growing degree-days), longer in rainy times or lower temperatures. Seeds with higher physiological quality were produced in rainy years and when the temperature range was larger. We concluded therefore that hydric and thermal environmental variations during development influence the maturation of Eugenia pyriformis seeds and are able to determine the formation cycle and the final seed quality.
Soil microbial response to glucose and phosphorus addition under agricultural systems in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: FERREIRA ADÃO S. , SANTOS MARIA AMELIA DOS , CORRÊA GILBERTO F.
Published: March 2013

Conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) management systems alter soil nutrient availability and consequently modify soil microbial response to nutrient additions such as carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). The objective of this study is to evaluate microbial response to the addition of C (glucose) and P (Na2HPO4.7H2O) under CT and NT in the brazilian Cerrado. In response to glucose addition, the NT system yielded higher microbial respiration rates and glucose consumption than the CT system. The best microbial response to C addition was after 0 - 12 h incubation in NT and 0 - 24 h in CT. The addition of P produced higher demand under CT than NT. After incubation, biochemical indicators such as microbial respiration, glucose consumption, dehydrogenase activity and metabolic yield confirmed the higher glucose demands under NT and higher phosphorus demands under CT. These results demonstrate that C and P addition alter significantly the microbial response, suggesting that soil microorganisms present nutrient differential demands between CT and NT management systems.
Análise da narrativa oral de pré-escolares antes e após estimulação de linguagem
Authors: Verzolla Beatriz Lopes Porto , Isotani Selma Mie , Perissinoto Jacy
Published: March 2013

OBJETIVO: Verificar as habilidades de narrativa oral em pré-escolares, antes e após estimulação de linguagem. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas narrativas de 58 pré-escolares. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas: 1. Etapa pré-estimulação (Momento 1) - os pré-escolares produziram a primeira narrativa autônoma a partir de uma sequência de figuras e a segunda narrativa autônoma após tutela do adulto; 2. Etapa de estimulação - foi realizada a leitura de histórias infantis em grupo, semanalmente, durante dez semanas; 3. Etapa pós-estimulação (Momento 2) - foi repetido o procedimento da primeira etapa. A análise dos resultados considerou: a ocorrência de eventos centrais e secundários; a conduta justificativa/explicativa, classificada segundo causas físicas, regras morais/sociais e estado interno; a expressão e retificação de falsas crenças, analisadas por meio da conduta justificativa/explicativa de estado interno. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento na ocorrência de eventos centrais no Momento 2, e após a tutela, com decréscimo de eventos secundários comparando-se os dois momentos e a presença da tutela. Em relação à conduta justificativa/explicativa, não houve diferenças para as justificativas do tipo físico, regras sociais/morais e estado interno. A conduta justificativa/explicativa do tipo estado interno foi a tipologia predominantemente encontrada em todas as narrativas. CONCLUSÃO: A leitura de histórias infantis e a tutela do adulto contribuem para o aumento da ocorrência de eventos nas narrativas autônomas. Não há variação na tipologia da conduta justificativa/explicativa nas narrativas. A tipologia de conduta justificativa/explicativa de estado interno é predominantemente utilizada pelos pré-escolares.
Cladistic assignment of specimens to species of the cystoporate bryozoan genera Strotopora Ulrich and Cliotrypa Ulrich and Bassler using gap-coded characters
Authors: Pachut Joseph F. , Horowitz Alan Stanley
Published: March 2013

Gap-coding permits the use of continuous metric characters in cladistic analyses. Character means are converted to integer equivalents by placing character state divisions in the locations of phenetic breaks between specimen clusters, under the assumption that these breaks represent the locations of bottlenecks in character distributions. Similarities and differences between specimens from closely related species of cystoporate bryozoans were evaluated for the first time by converting continuous morphometric measurements into gap-coded binary and multistate characters and analyzing them cladistically, rather than just phenetically, across multiple species of Strotopora, Cliotrypa ramosa and Fistulipora compressa.

Our results demonstrate that cladistic analysis of gap-coded morphological characters can be effective in resolving phylogenetic relationships at low taxonomic levels (within and among genera) while objectively highlighting both the morphological features that specimens (taxa) share and those characteristics that differentiate them. Differences in cystiphragm abundances and sizes, especially in the proximal portions of colonies, discriminate between species of Strotopora. Colony size and growth form, abundances and lengths of hemiphragms, and sizes of cystopores discriminate between Strotopora and the closely related genus Cliotrypa. Cladistic patterns indicate that Strotopora foveolata Ulrich is a valid species with Strotopora dermata as its junior subjective synonym. Fistulipora compressa is reassigned to the genus Strotopora whereas a decision on the taxonomic status of Cliotrypa ramosa requires a broader cladistic analysis of fistuliporine genera.
The “seeds” onPadgettia readiare insect galls: reassignment of the plant toOdontopteris, the gall toOvofoligallitesn. gen., and the evolutionary implications thereof
Authors: Stull Gregory W. , Labandeira Conrad C. , Dimichele William A. , Chaney Dan S.
Published: March 2013

The Early Permian (Asselian) Euramerican plantPadgettia readiMamay is reassigned toOdontopterisBrongniart, asO. readi(Mamay) Stull et al. n. comb. Distinctive elongate structures on neuropteroid pinnules of this plant, previously interpreted as fructifications, are herein reinterpreted as foliar histoid galls, structurally analogous to blister or vein galls, and probably induced by an early lineage of hemipterans or mites. These distinctive features are assigned to the new gall ichnogenusOvofoligallitesLabandeira, n. ichnogen. n. ichnosp, asO. padgettiLabandeira. The Early Permian association between anOdontopterishost andOvofoligallitesgallers probably originated during the Middle Pennsylvanian as a similar, antecedent association betweenMacroneuropteris scheuchzeri(Hoffmann) Cleal, Shute, and Zodrow and the maker of U-shaped surface features long known as a distinctive, unattributed damage type, but now recognizable as a likely gall. The persistence of this association between the galler and certain medullosan pteridosperms into the Permian adds to the morphological richness of the Permian galler insect fauna. The Permian ecological expansion of galling insects resulted in colonization of new host plants, primarily through a shift from the consumption of entire, mostly pteridophyte axial organs during the Pennsylvanian to the partitioning of seed plant tissues in leaves and small branches in the Permian. TheOvofoligallitesgaller was part of a diverse Permian galler guild involving a variety of plant taxa, organs and tissues that overwhelmingly targeted multiple lineages of seed plants.
Experimental investigation on the chemical and physical properties of activated glass powder pastes
Authors: Saeed Huda , Ebead Usama A.
Published: March 2013

This paper reports on the results of an investigation carried out to examine the ability of fine glass to be used in the concrete industry. The pozzolanicity of the glass powder (GP) hydration with and without calcium hydroxide (CH) (lime) is assessed using different methods. A comprehensive experimental programme is carried out to investigate the chemical and physical properties of the hydrated activated GP with CH, as a cement hydration product, on the microstructural level. The experimental work focuses on the degree of hydration, pH and the alkalinity nature of the pore solution to evaluate the performance of the GP when it reacts with the CH. A flame emission spectroscopy test was used to quantify the alkali release from the GP as well as determining the rate of alkali release with time. It was found that the GP releases a small fraction of sodium ions into the solution. Test results showed that the finely ground GPs exhibited very high pozzolanic activity. It was observed that the GP–lime pastes show high non-evaporable water content. Moreover, the best performance of the GP reactivity can be obtained in the range of 10·5 < pH < 11·5 depending on the CH/GP ratio. According to the scanning electron microscope analysis, the gel product of the GP hydration precipitates on the surface of the large particle of the GP, at which the very small micro particles and the outer layer of the large GP particles react with CH.
Do fungivores trigger the transfer of protective metabolites from host plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae?
Authors: Duhamel Marie , Pel Roel , Ooms Astra , Bücking Heike , Jansa Jan , Ellers Jacintha , van Straalen Nico M. , Wouda Tjalf , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe , Kiers E. Toby
Published: March 2013

A key objective in ecology is to understand how cooperative strategies evolve and are maintained in species networks. Here, we focus on the tri‐trophic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, host plants, and fungivores to ask if host plants are able to protect their mutualistic mycorrhizal partners from being grazed. Specifically, we test whether secondary metabolites are transferred from hosts to fungal partners to increase their defense against fungivores. We grew Plantago lanceolata hosts with and without mycorrhizal inoculum, and in the presence or absence of fungivorous springtails. We then measured fungivore effects on host biomass and mycorrhizal abundance (using quantitative PCR) in roots and soil. We used high‐performance liquid chromatography to measure host metabolites in roots, shoots, and hyphae, focusing on catalpol, aucubin, and verbascoside. Our most striking result was that the metabolite catalpol was consistently found in AM fungal hyphae in host plants exposed to fungivores. When fungivores were absent, catalpol was undetectable in hyphae. Our results highlight the potential for plant‐mediated protection of the mycorrhizal hyphal network.
Assessing the impact of transport policy instruments on road haulage energy efficiency
Authors: Medar Olivera , Papic Vladimir , Manojlovic Aleksandar , Filipovic Snezana
Published: March 2013

This paper focuses on elements of transport policies affecting energy
efficiency of road haulage. The purpose is to present a tool developed to
support decision making during the policy making process, at the stage of
formulating the elements of transport policies. The paper describes a model
developed to assess the impact of policy instruments on fleet energy
efficiency by multi-criteria ranking applying the Analytical Network Process.
The paper describes the possibilities to employ the defined model giving the
example of international road haulage in the Republic of Serbia. The
application led to a proposal for policy instruments which could have the
highest impact on the increase of energy efficiency in this sector and which
will be considered further in detail during the policy formulation process.
Mastalji, anksiyete ve ilişkili faktörler: Vaka-kontrol çalışması
Authors: Balcı Nurgül , Kantekin Vildan , Sunay Didem , Aydın Osman , Çavuşoğlu Nadir Turgut , Ergün Yusuf , Tekin Oğuz , Çakıt Onat
Published: March 2013

Amaç: Mastalji yakınması ile başvuran kadınların anksiyete düzeyi açısından kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılması, varsa etki eden faktörlerin tespit edilmesi.Yöntem: Çalışmada Aile Hekimliği, Kadın-Doğum ve Genel Cerrahi polikliniklerine meme ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran kadınlar vaka grubuna, meme ile ilgili herhangi bir hastalığı ve şikayeti olmayan kadınlar kontrol grubuna dahil edildi. Kadınların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, tıbbi, obstetrik ve jinekolojik öyküleri, ailede meme kanseri öyküsü, kullandıkları ilaçlar, sigara içme durumu, emzirme durumu, kendi kendine meme muayenesi yapma durumu ile ilgili bilgiler için kişisel bilgi formu, anksiyete bozukluğunun değerlendirilmesinde Beck Anksiyete ölçeği kullanıldı.Bulgular: Vaka grubuna 102, kontrol grubuna 102 kadın dahil edildi. Gruplar arasında menstruasyon düzeni, menopoz durumu ve kendi kendine meme muayenesi yapma durumu açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Ancak vaka grubunda evli olma (p
Eski sezaryenli gebelerin demografik özellikleri ve ilk sezaryen endikasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Sıkar Derya , Yaşar Levent , İnanç Betül Battaloğlu , Yaşar Nurgül
Published: March 2013

Amaç: Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi antenatal polikliniğine başvuran eski sezaryenli gebelerin, sosyodemografik özelliklerini, ilk sezaryen endikasyonlarını, demografik özellikler ve ilk sezaryen endikasyonları açısından hastaneler arasındaki farklılıkları ve sosyoekonomik faktörlerin, sezaryen istemindeki rolünü araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.Yöntem: Ağustos 2006-Mart 2007 tarihleri arasında Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi antenatal polikliniğine başvuran 476 eski sezaryenli gebenin katıldığı kesitsel ve analitik tipte bir araştırmadır.Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 28.4±4.6 olan gebelerin %68.4’ü 20-29 yaş grubundadır; toplam gebelik sayısı 2.8±1.3, parite ortalaması 1.4±0.7, yaşayan çocuk sayılarının ortalaması 1.3±0.6'dır. İlk sezaryen endikasyonları arasında akut fetal distres, makat geliş ve sefalopelvik uygunsuzluk ilk sıraları almaktadır. Eğitim düzeyi ve çalışma durumunun sezaryen tercihinde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır (p
Summarizing News Paper Articles: Experiments with Ontology- Based, Customized, Extractive Text Summary and Word Scoring
Authors: Kallimani Jagadish S. , Srinivasa K. G. , Eswara Reddy B.
Published: March 2013

The method for filtering information from large volumes of text is called Information Extraction. It is a limited task than understanding the full text. In full text understanding, we express in an explicit fashion about all the information in a given text. But, in Information Extraction, we delimit in advance, as part of the specification of the task and the semantic range of the result. Only extractive summarization method is considered and developed for the study. In this article a model for summarization from large documents using a novel approach has been proposed by considering one of the South Indian regional languages (Kannada). It deals with a single document summarization based on statistical approach. The purpose of summary of an article is to facilitate the quick and accurate identification of the topic of the published document. The objective is to save prospective readers’ time and effort in finding the useful information in a given huge article. Various analyses of results were also discussed by comparing it with the English language.
Enhanced CNN Based Electron Microscopy Image Segmentation
Authors: Leena Silvoster M. , Govindan V. K.
Published: March 2013

Detecting the neural processes like axons and dendrites needs high quality SEM images. This paper proposes an approach using perceptual grouping via a graph cut and its combinations with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to achieve improved segmentation of SEM images. Experimental results demonstrate improved computational efficiency with linear running time.
Colour After Firing Versus Mineral Composition of Feldspar Raw Materials from the Sobótka Region
Authors: Lewicka Ewa
Published: March 2013

Streszczenie

Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę mineralogiczno-petrograficzną granitoidów występujących w czterech zło­żach eksploatowanych przez Strzeblowskie Kopalnie Surowców Mineralnych w Sobótce, ze szczególnym uw­zględnieniem minerałów będących nośnikami żelaza oraz innych pierwiastków, których obecność ma wpływ na barwę kopaliny po wypaleniu. W tym celu wykonano badania mikroskopowe w świetle przechodzącym, analizę składu chemicznego oraz obserwacje przy użyciu mikroskopu scanningowego (SEM/EDS). Te ostatnie okazały się kluczowe dla pełnej identyfikacji składników mineralnych badanych skał. Stwierdzono, że głównymi nośnikami żelaza są: pobiotytowy chloryt i biotyt, jasne miki (serycyt, muskowit) oraz granaty i inne minerały ciężkie (rutyl, apatyt, epidot, monacyt, cyrkon, piryt, tytanomagnetyt, sfaleryt), występujące w postaci drobnych ziaren roz­proszonych w skale bądź tworzące większe skupienia i wypełnienia przecinających ją spękań i szczelinek. Badania te wykazały również, że w strukturze zidentyfikowanych faz mineralnych tkwią inne pierwiastki barwiące, takie jak: mangan (granaty, chloryty, miki), tor i uran (monacyt, ksenotym, cyrkon), cer (monacyt), neodym (monacyt, ksenotym). Ich obecnością można tłumaczyć odmienne parametry barwy L*a*b* oznaczone dla badanych próbek po wypaleniu metodą spektrofotometryczną, mimo zbliżonej lub identycznej zawartości tlenku żelaza. Po­twierdzenie tej hipotezy wymagałoby jednak przeprowadzenia badań składu chemicznego skał na zawartość pierwiastków podrzędnych i śladowych, a w szczególności oznaczenie Mn i REE (Ce, Pr, Nd). Minerały będące nośnikami tych pierwiastków występują bowiem w badanych kopalinach w niewielkich ilościach.
Cyborgsportpersons: Between Disability and Enhancement
Authors: Pérez Triviño José Luis
Published: March 2013

The cyborgization of sport has occupied a noticeable role in the fields of sport and medicine in recent years due to the fact that this issue calls into question the very foundations of contemporary sport. As a result, it gives rise to doubt about whether cyborg athletes should be able to take part in different athletic competitions, and if they are allowed, under what circumstances. After examining the impact of enhancing implants and prosthesis in sport, I have considered which objections can be raised to this particular sort of enhancement. In this regard, I think that several aspects have to be taken into account: 1. The possibility of producing severe harm to the athletes; 2. The effect it has on equality among athletes when the improvement grants an obvious advantage; 3. The dehumanization of sport, and 4. The aesthetic problem My position has been to temper the “moral panic” that some may feel given the progressive (and future) use of enhancing implants and prosthesis as used by (cyborg)athletes.
An Exploration of Transformational Leadership Preferences Among Women Sports Leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Abdalla Latifa
Published: March 2013

The topic of leadership has attracted considerable interest amongst academics and practitioners. Much of the interest in the area of leadership is based on explicit and implicit claims that leadership styles are linked to organizational performance. This study aimed to examine the transformational leadership style among women sports leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 16 female sports leaders from the Kingdom of Bahrain participated in this study. The Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to determine the transformational leadership style of individuals. A demographic questionnaire was also administered to collect participants’ personal data. The results indicated that transformational leadership style is moderate among women sports leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain, thus we need to develop the leadership skills of women sports leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Tourism and Sport: Strategic Synergies to Enhance the Sustainable Development of a Local Context
Authors: Radicchi Elena
Published: March 2013

In recent years sport has become a phenomenon of large dimensions and it is an important resource for the development of a local context (Hautbois, Desbordes, 2008; Maier, Weber, 1993; Weed, Bull, 2004). The combination of physical and sports practices within a natural environment (outdoor) broadens the range of activities that people can choose in their free time (nordic walking, hiking, rediscovering rural districts, walking and cycling in urban spaces, etc.). The demand of this kind of activities is continuously evolving. Sports tourism is a new opportunity for the development of tourism offer. Cities, regions, rural areas, etc. through the exploitation of local resources, vocations and specializations can promote a destination in terms of reputation and tourism flows.

This research aims to stimulate a reflection on the role that the synergies between tourism and sport, combined with the use of resources, services and local products (cultural and artistic paths, local artefacts, wine tastings, etc.) may have for the development of a specific territory and its socio-economic environment.
Microsatellites indicate minimal barriers to mule deer Odocoileus hemionus dispersal across Montana, USA
Authors: Powell John H. , Kalinowski Steven T. , Higgs Megan D. , Ebinger Michael R. , Vu Ninh V. , Cross Paul C.
Published: March 2013

To better understand the future spread of chronic wasting disease, we conducted a genetic assessment of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus population structure across the state of Montana, USA. Individual based analyses were used to test for population structure in the absence of a priori designations of population membership across the sampling area. Samples from the states of Wyoming, Colorado and Utah were also included in the analysis to provide a geographic context to the levels of population structure observed within Montana. Results showed that mule deer across our entire study region were characterized by weak isolation by distance and a lack of spatial autocorrelation at distances > 10 km. We found evidence for contemporary male bias in dispersal, with female mule deer exhibiting higher mean individual pairwise genetic distance than males. We tested for potential homogenizing effects of past translocations within Montana, but were unable to detect a genetic signature of these events. Our results indicate high levels of connectivity among mule deer populations in Montana and suggest few, if any, detectable barriers to mule deer gene flow or chronic wasting disease transmission.
Roaring counts are not suitable for the monitoring of red deer Cervus elaphus population abundance
Authors: Douhard Mathieu , Bonenfant Christophe , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Hamann Jean‐Luc , Garel Mathieu , Michallet Jacques , Klein François
Published: March 2013

The successful management of large herbivores requires the monitoring of a set of indicators of ecological change (IEC) describing animal performance, herbivore impact on habitat and relative animal abundance. Roaring counts during the rut have often been used to assess the abundance of red deer Cervus elaphus populations, but a formal evaluation of this method is still lacking. In this paper, we examined the usefulness of the number of red deer recorded during roaring counts for managing red deer populations. Using standardised spotlight counts applied for the monitoring of red deer at La Petite Pierre, France, as a reference method, we found that roaring counts did not correlate with spotlight counts. Moreover, we did not find any evidence that roaring counts decreased with increasing number of male and female red deer harvested in the reserve during the previous hunting season. We thus conclude that managers should not rely on roaring counts for managing red deer populations.
Managing visitors in nature areas: where do they leave the trails? A spatial model
Authors: Coppes Joy , Braunisch Veronika
Published: March 2013

Outdoor recreation, particularly in winter, causes pressure on wildlife. While many species seem to adjust well to predictable on‐trail recreation activities, unpredictable off‐trail activities are considered harmful. Measures to minimise human disturbance require the identification of ‘conflict‐sites’ where human activities are likely to interfere with the requirements of wildlife. We used winter recreation data combined with spatial modelling to predict where recreationists move from marked trails into wildlife habitats in winter and to determine the environmental factors that trigger this off‐trail behaviour. We surveyed marked winter trails in the southern Black Forest, Germany, by foot or ski for tracks of people leaving the trail, with three types of recreationists distinguished: hikers, snowshoe users and cross‐country skiers. Using a maximum entropy approach, the probability of leaving the trail was modelled as a function of topographic, forest structure and tourism infrastructure variables. By combining the results with previously mapped habitat information of two disturbance sensitive species, the capercaillieTetrao urogallusand the red deerCervus elaphus, we identified conflict sites where mitigation measures would be most effective. All models were effective in predicting the locations where people left the trails and the three types of recreationists showed a similar pattern: the presence of closed summer trails and signposts along these trails proved to be the factors most strongly affecting the probability of leaving marked trails, followed by slope, which was negatively correlated with the probability of going off‐trail. People leaving directly into the forest, not using a summer trail, were most positively influenced by the successional stages ‘regeneration’ and ‘old forest’, whereas increasing canopy cover decreased the probability of leaving the trail. The models were extrapolated to all marked trails in the study area. Locations with a high probability of people leaving the trails were identified and intersected with the previously mapped key habitats of the two wildlife species, thereby showing the locations where leaving the trail would be linked with a high potential of human‐wildlife conflict. By indicating what triggers people to leave the trails, and identifying the critical locations, our results contribute to the determination of adequate management measures.