bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiles of well-being in French older adults and associations with successful aging and personality: findings from the SHARE project
Authors: Dendaele Elina , Kristell Pothier , Nathalie Bailly
Published: September 2023

Maintaining the well-being of the older adults is a primary concern in gerontology. This study determined different profiles of well-being (WB) and compared the profiles in terms of successful aging (SA), personality, and sociodemographic variables. The study sample consisted of 856 adults aged 65 to 98 years. WB was taken into account in an eudemonic and hedonic approach. SA was measured by assessing the three distinct components of Rowe and Kahn's model (1997), personality by the Big Five Inventory, and sociodemographic variables. Latent class analyses (LCA) determined the number of WB profiles, and ANOVAs and Chi2 tests to compare them. The LCA revealed three WB profiles: Profile 1 (9.35%, n=80), Profile 2 (37.38%, n=320), and Profile 3 (53.27%, n=456) in which participants reported lower, intermediate, and higher WB scores. Our results confirm that a high level of WB (Profile 3) can be linked to the components of SA and socio-demographic characteristics (age, marital status, level of education, income). This raises questions about the injunctions concerning healthy aging that older people integrate. It's also interesting to note that the intermediate profile (profile 2) can be either close to the "lower WB" profile (Profile 1) in terms of openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness or to the "higher WB" profile (Profile 3) in terms of extraversion. However the three profiles do not have the same level of neuroticism. These results also showed the importance of adapting the support offered to older people according to their health status and/or individual characteristics.
Color image copyright protection based on watermarking using machine learning in the wavelet-packets domain
Authors: Al-Otum Hazem Munawer
Published: September 2023

Image watermarking technologies have been developed to meet the concerns in multimedia copyright protection caused by the tremendous demand on multimedia sharing. In this work, a novel color image watermarking scheme is proposed for copyright protection applications. The developed scheme employs the wavelet packets decomposition (WPD) along with utilizing the back-propagation feed-forward neural networks (BPFNN). Here, a BPFNN-based color image watermarking using WPD decomposition approach is proposed and is denoted as FNN-WPD. The produced WPD-packets, from each of the RGB color channels, are reordered into chains having specific spatial- and frequency-based features. These chains are used for mark embedding and extraction using the BPFNN construction. Simulations have shown superior imperceptibility (PSNR ≥ 60 dB) and improved high robustness against incident and malicious attacks, while exhibiting low computational cost, especially at the extraction stage. Moreover, the scheme has been extended to be used for QR-code embedding with very promising robustness performance.
Salts containing different amino acids: L-argininium (+) sarcosine halogenides
Authors: Tonoyan Gayane S. , Giester Gerald , Petrosyan Aram M.
Published: September 2023

Recently we have discovered a new class of amino acids salts containing different amino acids. In the present paper we report crystal structures of three isostructural salts: l-argininium(+) sarcosine chloride (I), l-argininium(+) sarcosine bromide (II) and l-argininium(+) sarcosine iodide (III), formed by slow evaporation at room temperature from aqueous solutions containing stoichiometric ratios of components. The compounds crystallize in the polar space group P21 with two formula units in the asymmetric unit. The structures are stabilized due to N-H···O and N-H···X (X = Cl, Br, I) hydrogen bonds. Infrared spectra of all three crystals are shown and discussed.
Vegetation Quality Assessment: a sampling-based, loss-gain accounting framework for native, disturbed and reclaimed vegetation
Authors: Boyle Bradley L. , Franklin Warn , Burton Alison , Gullison Raymond E.
Published: September 2023

Governments and society increasingly are demanding that industrial projects result in a net positive impact (NPI) on biodiversity. Impacts are commonly measured in terms of losses and gains of area and quality of vegetation, where quality refers to how closely a site matches the condition of native vegetation in its undisturbed state. Existing vegetation quality frameworks share a number of limitations, including little or no replication, uncertain scope of inference, vulnerability to bias, and inability to measure error. Here we present the Vegetation Quality Assessment (VQA) framework, a sampling-based extension of Quality Hectares that measures vegetation quality in terms of overlap between the probability distributions of ecological indicators at a project site and in undisturbed (benchmark) vegetation of the same kind. Distribution overlap incorporates natural variation at the landscape scale and provides an intuitive measure of quality that varies between 0 and 1. Indicators are measured using a stratified-random sampling design that minimizes bias and supports inference at the scale of the project landscape. Confidence limits of quality and quality hectares are determined by bootstrapping; power and minimum sample sizes are estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. Multiple assessments track losses and gains of quality hectares and enable accurate accounting of progress to NPI. The VQA framework can be implemented using a variety of vegetation sampling methods, allowing existing vegetation databases to be leveraged as sources of data. We conclude by demonstrating the application of VQA at several mining operations in the Elk Valley of southeastern British Columbia, Canada.
The Adjusting Influence of Social Media’s User-Generated-Knowledge (SMUGK) in Grasping the Contribution of Cognitive and Technological Factors in Citizens' Perceptions of Satisfaction from E-Government Services in the Global South Context: The Case of Oman
Authors: Hammami Samir , Durrah Omar , El-Maghraby Lujain , Hamdoun Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Governments' growing presence in the social media sphere has drawn attention to the knowledge creation best practices that help serve citizens more effectively. A wide range of knowledge-creation practices can mediate critical dimensions beyond key social media usage and capability, for example, system quality and service provision, to include the associated risk and value perceptions of citizen-government interactions. These interactions can contribute to forming and encouraging virtual communities of practice collecting, verifying, storing, disseminating, reusing, and sharing knowledge that can allow better government service and more vital citizen satisfaction. Using a multi-theoretical lens: this study investigates, within the Omani context, the impact of technological and cognitive aspects of citizen social media conversations on citizen satisfaction levels as mediated by knowledge creation. The results present many interesting findings based on the Python analysis of Omani citizens’ tweets on government services. The authors build upon and contribute to existing research on e-government from the citizen perspective and the practice of government social media management targeted at civilians’ satisfaction.
Carbohydrate intake and diabetic drugs: Understanding the dynamic interplay in diabetes management
Authors: MH Mphasha , RV Vagiri
Published: September 2023

The body relies on carbohydrate as its main source of energy to carry out daily activities. Measuring carbohydrate allows patients to estimate the amount of carbohydrates in meals and snacks, and they can then alter their prescription as necessary. A thorough grasp of how medication therapy and carbohydrate intake interact is necessary for effective diabetic control. This systematic review attempts to summarise the most recent data on the influence of drug and carbohydrate interaction on glycaemic control in patients because there is currently no clear outline of the drug and carbohydrate interaction. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used to conduct a thorough literature search. Included were studies examining the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and particular diabetes medications. In accordance with the eligibility requirements, data extraction and quality evaluation were done. Data reporting adhered to PRISMA. The systematic review included a total of 55 studies that satisfied the inclusion requirements. The studies included quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies. The outcomes of glycaemic control, including fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose levels, and HbA1c, were significantly influenced by the interaction between medication therapy and carbohydrate intake, according to the data. This systematic review emphasises the significance of taking into account how medication therapy and carbohydrate intake interact while managing diabetes. The results highlight the need for tailored strategies to improve glycaemic control while reducing unfavourable outcomes. To clarify the mechanisms behind these interactions and create evidence-based recommendations for customised diabetes therapy, more investigation is required.
Novel winglet design for reduction of Vortex Formation and enhancement of aircraft efficiency
Authors: Bhagat Aniket Dhanraj , Pattanaik Amitansu , Tiwari Harishankar Balram , Dethe Ganesh Prakash
Published: September 2023

In this research paper, we focus on creating a new winglet design to decrease vortex generation and consequently, reduce induced drag. This innovative winglet for aircraft wings helps improve overall efficiency. Winglets are aerodynamic components that are attached at the wingtips and play a crucial role in reducing drag and minimizing vortex formation, such as tip vortices, thus enhancing fuel economy. The main objective of this research paper is to mitigate the hindering effect on aircraft performance, namely, the reduction of detrimental vortices. The methodology of this research paper involves the use of software like CATIA for design and ANSYS software for analysis. The design process includes the creation of different design iterations of winglet designs with specific parameters, intending to reduce vortex formation and increase lift. Subsequent analyses were conducted on each design iteration to test performance, lift, and drag variations using ANSYS software. The results of analysis will be presented, highlighting the performance of each winglet design in comparison to the baseline wing. The study aims to identify the most efficient winglet design, aiming to minimize vortex and drag generation while maximizing lift and other aerodynamic parameters to increase overall efficiency. The study's implications will be explored for aircraft manufacturers and operators, including the potential benefits of fuel savings and a positive environmental footprint. This research significantly contributes to the aircraft domain by offering insights into innovative winglet design formulations capable of enhancing aircraft performance. This investigation serves as a foundation for further research in the realm of winglet design to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of future aircraft.
Ince-Gaussian beams propagation through turbulent atmospheric medium
Authors: Mechate Bouchaib El , Chafiq Abdelghani , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: September 2023

In this work, we reproduce the well-known Ince-Gaussian beams (IGBs) by expanding them in the Laguerre Gaussian basis. The established formula will permit us to derive the analytical expression of the average intensity of the IGBs propagating through the turbulent atmosphere by using the extended Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral in the framework of Rytov theory. This work is concerned with finding a closed-form expression for the average intensity of IGBs propagating through weak and strong Kolmogorov turbulence and completes other scientific research works that deal with numerical approach. The numerical simulations of the analytical average intensity at the receiver plane and the effective beam spot size of the IGBs propagating through turbulent atmosphere environment are presented in this paper. Furthermore, the influences of the beam profile parameters and the turbulence strength on the evolution of the diffracted beam are investigated and discussed in detail. The present results can be considered as a useful tool to predict the behavior of IGBs for the applications in turbulent atmosphere.
Research on Food Fine Grain Image Classification Based on Improved Residual Network
Authors: WANG Dong-ri-na , DONG Ying
Published: September 2023

Given the many pain points in the recognition process of existing food fine-grained image recognition methods, such as insufficient extraction of effective features, limited recognition of a single data source, and low recognition accuracy, an improved residual network based classification method for food fine-grained image joint training is proposed. Firstly, in order to accurately extract food features, a convolutional attention mechanism (CAM) is integrated, which adds attention weights to different fine-grained regions of the image to highlight important features and suppress other general features, thereby improving the model's ability to extract useful features; Secondly, by incorporating CBM and Fusion network structures, features from different datasets are decoupled and dimensionally fused. This article conducted experiments on three food datasets from different countries, and the accuracy of joint training on the three datasets reached 91.76%. The experimental results show that the improved network model has better recognition performance compared to the baseline algorithm, ResNet50, proving the effectiveness and superiority of this method. Moreover, compared to previous research on fine-grained image recognition, it can not only train a "knowledgeable" network model with multiple datasets, but also achieve higher accuracy in image recognition.
Estimating the risk of Yellow fever in the Caribbean using vector competence data
Authors: GABIANE Gaelle , BOHERS Chloé , MOUSSON Laurence , Obadia Thomas , Dinglasan Rhoel , VAZEILLE Marie , DAUGA Catherine , VIGLIETTA Marine , YEBAKIMA André , Vega-Rúa Anubis , GUTIERREZ-BUGALLO Gladys , RAMIREZ Rosa Margarita GELVEZ , SONOR Fabrice , ETIENNE Manuel , DUCLOVEL-PAME Nathalie , BLATEAU Alain , SMITH-RAVIN Juliette , de Lamballerie Xavier , FAILLOUX Anna-Bella
Published: September 2023

Mosquito-borne diseases are spreading globally due to the expansion of the geographic range of competent mosquito vector species and increased human movement, especially infected travelers from endemic to non-endemic regions. Yellow fever (YF) has been largely controlled via mass delivery of an effective vaccine and mosquito control interventions. However, there are warning signs that YF is re-emerging in both Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Imported from Africa to the Americas in slave ships, YF was responsible for devastating urban outbreaks for several centuries. In the Caribbean, the last YF outbreak was reported in 1908 in Martinique. The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector for urban transmission in YF-endemic regions. However, it is unclear if all Ae. aegypti populations can effectively vector yellow fever virus (YFV), as there is growing evidence that intrinsic virus and mosquito host factors can significantly influence arbovirus transmission. We evaluated the vector competence of fifteen Ae. aegypti populations (nine from Martinique, two from Haiti, one from Guadeloupe, one from Cuba, one from Florida (USA), and one from Colombia) for five YFV genotypes (Bolivia, Ghana, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda) at 14 and 21 days post-infectious feeding. Mosquito populations from the Caribbean and the Americas were able to transmit the five YFV genotypes, in some cases achieving viral loads in mosquito saliva of up to several thousands of infectious virus particles, with YFV strains for Uganda and Bolivia having higher transmission success. We also observed that Ae. aegypti populations from Martinique were more susceptible to YFV infection than other populations from neighboring Caribbean islands, as well as North and South America. Our vector competence data suggest that the threat of re-emergence of YF in Martinique and the subsequent spread to Caribbean nations and beyond is plausible.
Applying Minority Range to Gini Index to Handle Imbalanced Dataset in Decision Tree classifiers
Authors: Silaghi Marius , Mathew Ben
Published: September 2023

The Class imbalance Problem is a common problem in Machine Learning where the number of instances in one class is significantly lower than the other, this can lead to biased classification models where the ma- jority class dominates and the minority class is mis- classified. Decision Tree Classifiers are commonly used for classification tasks due to their simplicity and in- terpretability. However, the class imbalance Problem can negatively impact the performance of decision tree Classifiers (Chawla et al. 2002) If this paper we discuss a new approach to training a decision tree classifier that is an improvement over pre-existing approaches. We also provide experiments to prove that the pro- posed method is an improvement over the preexisting metrics.
The impact of psychological health on acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report
Authors: Alkabani Joudi , Mattit Ammar , AlFawares Maamoun , Najati Ghena
Published: September 2023

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common childhood cancer that affects both physical and psychological well-being. Understanding the connection between psychological and physical health is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes. We present a case of an ALL patient where psychological health significantly influenced treatment, prognosis, and overall outcome. The patient underwent chemotherapy with supportive radiation therapy. Emotional distress extended the initial session of treatment to six months. Over the subsequent sessions, the patient was provided with emotional and psychological support, which participated in the completion of treatment as scheduled. Psychological health plays a vital role determining the disease prognosis and treatment response. This case highlights the significance of psychological impact during the course of treatment. We observed that the patient's condition showed fluctuations corresponding to his emotional state, with positive outcomes observed during periods of good psychological health, while emotional distress corresponded to a deterioration in overall status.
Attitudes and Actual Buying Behaviour of Sustainable Clothes from the Perspective of Female Generations in Slovakia
Authors: Taborecka Janka , Rajic Tamara , Vinczeova Miroslava , Kaputa Vladislav
Published: September 2023

Mainstream economics sees the solution to the problem of exploitative use of limited natural resources in a properly functioning price system. The price mechanism thus works on the principle of scarcity: if a natural resource becomes scarce, it is used less (higher demand causes an increase in the price of the resource). This argumentation is subject to the fulfilment of one condition: the price mechanism must work properly. The criticism of mainstream economics lies in the fact that the global market still offers producers locations with attractive input prices. This is how we achieve global economic growth but also an enormous increase in environmental problems. The clothing industry makes a significant global contribution to increasing the environmental burden. Enormous production is seconded here by customer demand. Specifically, fast fashion represents a constant cycle of buying and disposing of clothes, leading to a significant amount of textile waste. Consumers, with their decision-making power and choices,can be a part of a solution, but it is necessary to know their behaviour. The aim of the paper was to examine whether there exist differences among four female generational cohorts in Slovakia regarding their attitudes towards sustainable clothes and their real purchase behaviour. The questionnaire survey on the sample of n = 428 respondents was used as a method of data collection. One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between all age groups. A Tukey post hoc test revealed that (1) Gen Y and Gen Z had significantly higher attitudes towards sustainable clothing in comparison with Baby Boomers and (2) Gen X and Gen Y expressed higher levels of purchases of sustainable clothes in comparison with both Baby Boomers and Gen Z. There were no significant differences in actual purchases of sustainable clothing between Gen X and Gen Y orbetween Baby Boomers and Gen Z. The oldest and youngest generations (Baby Boomers and Gen Z) do not differ among themselves but buy significantly less sustainable clothes in comparison with Gen X and Gen Y. Overall, all generations showed positive attitudes towards sustainable clothes, especially younger generations, but this was not fully reflected in their real purchase behaviour. Gen Z and Baby Boomers tend not to buy sustainable clothes, and Gen X and Gen Y are indifferent in this issue. This knowledge helps companies within the fashion industry concentrate on specific segments, tailor their communication strategies accordingly, target educational statements and adopt appropriate practices that are in line with consumer behaviour. To effectively tackle this matter, understanding diverse consumer groups can be highly advantageous, offering valuable insights into their behavioural patterns. It helps to distinguish practices that motivate female consumers to purchase sustainable clothes.
Quantum pure noise-induced transitions: A truly nonclassical limit cycle sensitive to number parity
Authors: Chia Andy , Mok Wai-Keong (Dariel) , Noh Changsuk , Kwek Leong Chuan
Published: September 2023

It is universally accepted that noise may bring order to complex nonequilibrium systems. Most strikingly, entirely new states not seen in the noiseless system can be induced purely by including multiplicative noise-an effect known as pure noise-induced transitions. It was first observed in superfluids in the 1980s. Recent results in complex nonequilibrium systems have also shown how new collective states emerge from such pure noise-induced transitions, such as the foraging behavior of insect colonies, and schooling in fish. Here we report such effects of noise in a quantum-mechanical system without a classical limit. We use a minimal model of a nonlinearly damped oscillator in a fluctuating environment that is analytically tractable, and whose microscopic physics can be understood. When multiplicative environmental noise is included, the system is seen to transition to a limit-cycle state. The noise-induced quantum limit cycle also exhibits other genuinely nonclassical traits, such as Wigner negativity and number-parity sensitive circulation in phase space. Such quantum limit cycles are also conservative. These properties are in stark contrast to those of a widely used limit cycle in the literature, which is dissipative and loses all Wigner negativity. Our results establish the existence of a pure noise-induced transition that is nonclassical and unique to open quantum systems. They illustrate a fundamental difference between quantum and classical noise.
Unifying constructions of non-invertible symmetries
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura , Tiwari Apoorv
Published: September 2023

In the past year several constructions of non-invertible symmetries in Quantum Field Theory in d≥3d≥3 have appeared. In this paper we provide a unified perspective on these constructions. Central to this framework are so-called theta defects, which generalize the notion of theta-angles, and allow the construction of universal and non-universal topological symmetry defects. We complement this physical analysis by proposing a mathematical framework (based on higher-fusion categories) that converts the physical construction of non-invertible symmetries into a concrete computational scheme.
Recent results from the TOTEM collaboration and the discovery of the odderon
Authors: Royon Christoph
Published: September 2023

We describe the most recent results from the TOTEM collaboration on elastic, inelastic and total cross sections as well as the odderon discovery by the D0 and TOTEM collaborations.
Toxicological Effects of Synthesized Pyrazoline Derivative 4-(3-(4-Bromophenyl))- 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) Benzenesulfonamide, Compound B8 on Antioxidant Enzymes and Hematological Parameters of Rainbow Trout Alevins (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Ozgun Dilan , Maslat Ahmed , Abu Khadra Khalid , Yanik Telat , Alak Gonca , Ucar Arzu , Gul Halise , Kocaman Esat , Parlak Veysel , Almuhur Rana , Atamanalp Muhammed
Published: September 2023

The toxicological effects of a synthesized pyrazoline derivative 4-(3-(4-bromophenyl))- 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzene sulfonamide, compound B8, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated by following the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and the hematological parameters. Fish were exposed to variant doses (0.5, 1, and 2.5 mg L-1) of the compound B8 for 48 h. Antioxidant enzymes and activities were measured, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Our results showed that concentration at 1 mg L-1 significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.05) in the liver and gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly decreased. The increase in MDA levels in the liver and gill could be related to tissue damage induced by oxidative stress after exposure to compound B8. Significant increases in white blood cell count (WBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) were obtained (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant decreases were observed in erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit levels, and platelet numbers (p < 0.05). The results showed that exposure to high doses (2.5 mg L-1) of the compound B8 caused oxidative stress in the liver and gills of fish and may lead to acute anemia.
UROBORUS NO ROMANCE A HISTÓRIA SEM FIM, DE MICHAEL ENDE
Authors: Santana Luiz Henrique Costa , Rodrigues de Souza Emanoel
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a obra A história sem fim do escritor Michael Ende (1979), no que tange aos movimentos metaliterários. A metodologia adotada é de revisão bibliográfica atrelada a análise teórico-textual intrínseca, utilizando como aporte teórico, autores que contribuem com a temática tratada, tais como: Gustavo Bernardo (1999) destacando  o conceito de literatura, Gonçalo Palácios (2009) propondo uma percepção do que se entende como articulação do real e a filosofia da linguagem, Roland Barthes (1997) e o seu entendimento sobre a corrupção do silêncio como uma característica da linguagem, Tzvetan Todorov (1980) abordando a generificação do texto fantástico. A narrativa é fundamentalmente cíclica, o texto retorna a dimensão real após fazer uma incursão densa na dimensão do fantástico. Voltando-se para si, a literatura volta ao humano. O uroborus, parace não ter fim, mas o fim dele tende a ser a humanidade.
UTILIZAÇÃO DAS TICS NAS AULAS DE HISTÓRIA E PROJETO DE VIDA
Authors: Trindade Dominique , Sobrinho Djanni Martinho dos Santos , Garcia Tânia Cristina Meira , Garcia Tulia Fernanda Meira
Published: September 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever como nas disciplinas História e Projeto de Vida o uso de tecnologias digitais   das atividades desenvolvidas em uma sala de aula no ano de 2022. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Rio Grande do Norte, da circunscrição da 6ª DIREC, contando com a participação de 31 colaboradores. Através do presente relato de experiência foi possível reconhecer como o uso da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação- TIC  para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem histórica e formação da identidade. Fez-se uso da metodologia Pesquisa-Ação, a pesquisa se desenvolve na estreita relação com uma ação, na perspectiva os participantes não se colocam como sujeitos a serem pesquisados, mas, colaboradores em ação (THIOLLENT, 2004, p. 108). Esse tipo de pesquisa integra o conhecimento, ou seja, teoria a práxis. Em princípio, trabalhamos com questionários utilizando o Google Forms e durante a pesquisa desenvolvemos atividades iniciais para detectar os conhecimentos prévios dos sujeitos, conhecimentos relacionados a História da cidade, bem como o uso das tecnologias digitais e a mídia TikTok no cotidiano deles. Conclui-se, que a partir das atividades desenvolvidas os sujeitos participantes e colaboradores da pesquisa  foram estimulados a desenvolverem a orientação temporal de forma concreta, através de suas narrativas e experiências vivenciadas durante as etapas da pesquisa e, no que concerne a utilização de forma positiva das tecnologias digitais, aumentando seu entendimento do que é considerado histórico em uma cidade.
Mapeamento sobre a metodologia revisão por pares na formação inicial de professores da Área de Ciências da Natureza
Authors: Moralles Camillo Cíntia , Gehrke Graffunder Karine , Maria Nunes Sepel Lenira
Published: September 2023

Este estudo objetivou investigar aplicações da metodologia Revisão por Pares com a finalidade de analisar a sua importância como uma metodologia ativa na formação inicial de professores da área das Ciências da Natureza. A pesquisa é qualitativa e do tipo exploratória, por ser uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, abrangendo o período de 2010 a 2021. Selecionou-se três plataformas de busca, entre elas: a Biblioteca Digital de Dissertações e Teses, o Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências e a Plataforma Sucupira; adotaram-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão, e termos de busca. Analisou-se dez artigos conforme os conjuntos de informações pré-estabelecidos para a pesquisa, como: a descrição das atividades didáticas desenvolvidas; relatos de procedimentos, métodos, pontos positivos e pontos negativos; presença de investigação sobre a percepção do aluno ao receber uma crítica e ser revisor do trabalho do colega; presença de estímulo à reflexão e autocrítica por parte do aluno; relatos sobre o momento de Feedback do professor. A metodologia mostrou ser interativa, motivacional, além de despertar a criticidade, a reflexão e a argumentação. Ademais, serviu como auxílio para o licenciando revisar o conteúdo e, principalmente, preparar o professor em formação inicial para a vida profissional.
Use of Barbituric Acid as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Bioactive Compound
Authors: Singh Sundaram , Kumari Savita
Published: September 2023

Barbituric acid is an organic compound containing a pyrimidine heterocyclic
skeleton. It is a water-soluble and odorless compound. Barbituric acid served as a
starting material for many barbiturate drugs. The variable properties of the products
achieved from barbituric acid motivate organic chemists to investigate its chemistry
and current developments have suggested it by multicomponent reactions (MCR).
Barbituric acid and its derivatives, commonly known as barbiturates, are
important in pharmaceutical chemistry because they are fascinating building blocks for
synthesizing biologically active compounds. The first barbiturate to be prepared was
Barbital (5, 5-diethyl barbituric acid), and it is hypnotic and sedative and was used as
an anxiolytic and sleeping aid. Barbituric acid derivatives act on the central nervous
system and are used as sedatives, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, and hypnotics. Recent
investigations show that barbituric acid derivatives may have applications in matrix
metalloproteinases, inhibiting collagen-ase-3 (MMP-3), anti-invasive, recombinant
cytochrome P450 enzymes, fungicides, methionine aminopeptidase-1 (MetAP-1),
herbicides, antibacterial, anti-tumor antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antiviral, and HIV-1
integrase inhibitors. Furthermore, recent literature accounts have shown that barbituric
acid derivatives may also perform as immune modulators. Barbituric acid has been
exploited in designing and preparing various types of carbocyclic and heterocyclic
compounds. An extensive range of multicomponent reactions utilize barbituric acid as
a starting material. By using the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, a wide range of
barbiturate drugs, that act as central nervous system depressants can be synthesized
using barbituric acid. Barbituric acid is a precursor in the laboratory production of
riboflavin (vitamin B2
).
Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Amin Bhuiyan Mohammad Ruhul , Mamur Hayati , Faruk Dilmaç Ömer
Published: September 2023

Semiconducting metal oxide nanomaterials are the future potential materials
for biomedical applications. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials are developed by using
the organic synthesis process for excellent biocompatibility, selectivity, sensitivity,
good chemical stability, non-toxicity, and fast electron transfer properties. They have a
high surface-to-volume ratio that performs proper contouring on the human body to
feel comfortable. Recent advanced studies on these nanomaterials show that they are
promising materials for effective antibacterial and antifungal agents against a variety of
microbes. They also promise to provide advanced technology for biomedical
applications that can be used to destroy several types of malignant cells in the human
body. Moreover, they can be used as antibacterial agents in the human body. This
chapter briefly discusses the cost-effective approach to organically synthesizing ZnO
nanomaterials. Moreover, these ideas can be developed to characterize these materials
as biomaterials to perform easily upscaled in biomedical applications.
Morphologies and Properties of Virgin and Waste PP Nanocomposites
Authors: Zdiri Khmais , Elamri A. , Harzallah O. , Hamdaoui M.
Published: September 2023

Polypropylene is a semicrystalline thermoplastic addition polymer used in
several applications, such as plastic parts for many industries, consumer product
packaging, special devices like living hinges, and textiles. Thanks to its excellent
properties, it could be used only or in a nanocomposite system.
This article presents the different types of nanoparticles used for the enhancement of
thermo-mechanical and physical behaviors of PP nanocomposites. The analysis of
morphologies and thermo-mechanical behaviors of virgin PP nanocomposites are
described. Moreover, this paper also discusses the improvements of properties of waste
PP by nanoparticle incorporation. Finally, the last section of the paper covers a case
study about influence of clay nanoparticles on waste PP based nanocomposites.
Physical Pharmacy
Authors: Filippa Mauricio
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, we focus on solutions. In the introduction, general and
descriptive aspects are defined, such as the classification of solutions and the addition
of solids. Considering the properties of these systems, we focus on definitions related
to colligative properties, and on the use of this property for the adjustment of isotonic
solutions considering the selective capacity of the membranes, differentiation of
tonicity and osmolarity. We also introduce the calculations necessary for the
preparation of isotonic solutions with blood plasma, using the mass and volume
adjustment method. The solutions require different methods of expressing their
concentration, and in order to develop this point, we present the different forms of
expression, with extensive detail on one of the variables, i.e., normality, very important
in the formulation of parenteral solutions. Since the preparation of solutions is an
important aspect, we detail the existing interactions between the solute and the solvent,
specify the thermodynamic aspects that condition the solubility of the solute in the
solvent, and develop variables such as polar interactions, capacities to accept or give
Hydrogen bridge junctions and the energy requirement to generate space within the
solvent, giving a rational look at the process of improving the capacity of the solvent to
contain the solute. The dissolution rate is another variable developed through simple
equations, which make an analysis of the factors that modify it, such as agitation,
temperature, particle size, and diffusion coefficient. We also describe variables such as
the pH and the dielectric constant of the solvent to modify solubility.
Enzymes in Biocatalysis: Characteristics, Kinetic Approach, Production, and Uses
Authors: Chaillou Lucrecia L. , Boeris Valeria , Spelzini Darío , Nazareno Mónica A.
Published: September 2023

Enzymes are proteins that efficiently catalyze chemical reactions of specific
substrates; they are highly specific for one reaction or a class of reactions, based on the
structure of their active sites. This chapter presents the classification according to the
nature of the reactions where enzymes are involved as biocatalysts and shows examples
of biocatalyzed chemical processes. Kinetic aspects are discussed, and the relevance of
the kinetic parameters is highlighted. Inhibitors of enzyme-mediated reactions are also
described and classified; their kinetic implications are revealed; besides, examples of
enzyme inhibition, examples of pharmacological drug-inhibition are presented. The
roles of enzyme cofactors and cosubstrates are described taking examples of biological
systems. Enzymes are also used in bioremediation processes and examples are
mentioned. Enzyme production strategies developed to enable industrial application are
presented, taking lactase as a model example; enzyme preparation, purification,
recovery, and stabilization are the key steps in their utilization. Nowadays, with the
development of genomics and proteomics, it is possible to access new enzyme
activities as well as manipulate, design and improve new and traditional enzyme
activities. Biocatalysis is a multidisciplinary area of science that is gaining increasing
interest both from a scientific point of view and for its growing industrial applications
due to its high specificity in the conversion of substrates into specific products, the
reduced volume of waste generated and the non-aggressive operating conditions.
Specifically, the enzymes’ use in pharmacological drugs synthesis is remarkably
interesting, since they allow to improve both the performance and the stereoselectivity
of the active principles.
Immunomodulatory Plant Extracts and their Compounds. Evaluation of your Safety
Authors: Davicino Roberto C. , Anesini Claudia
Published: September 2023

Medicinal herbs have been in use for the management of human health, for
prevention. as well as for the cure of human diseases since ancient civilizations. In
recent times, the use of herbal drugs has increased in both developed and developing
countries, because of the large chemical, pharmacological, and clinical knowledge of
plant drugs and their derivatives, the development of new analytical methods for
quality control, the development of new forms of preparation and administration of
plant drugs and their derivatives and finally the relatively wide therapeutic margins
with less frequent adverse effects. However, naturals are not a synonym for innocuous
as many adverse effects can occur. In this regard, there are different levels of
perceptions about the safety of medicinal herbs, varying from “completely safe” to
“completely harmful”, although there is also a clear idea about its side effects
depending on factors such as dosage, characteristics of the plant material and
consumer-related factors. Because of this, medicinal plants need to be studied and
effective and innocuous doses must be established.
Nowadays, immunomodulatory drugs have gained a main role principally as a
consequence of COVID-19 produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Some South American plants frequently used in Argentine folk medicine such as
Larrea divaricata and Ilex paraguariensis and others used all over the world like Tilia
spp. and Coffeea Arabica are known to exert immune-enhancing effects.
In this review, we discussed some reports about the immunological effect of the
mentioned plants and their majority compounds, focusing on their efficacy and safety.
Intrinsic Viscosity Methods in Natural Polymer as Pharmaceutical Excipients
Authors: Becerra Federico , Lazo Delgado Lismet , Garro Maria F. , Gassmann Jesica , Tonelli Franco , Villegas Liliana , Picco Sergio , Aubert Monica , Aguilera Merlo Mario E. , Masuelli Martin
Published: September 2023

Intrinsic viscosity is the most economical and used measure in the
determination of polymers and biopolymers used as excipients in the pharmaceutical
industry. The most used methods in the measurement of intrinsic viscosity are Huggins,
Kraemer, Schulze-Blashke and Martin, the first being used as a standard and reference
for the others. There are also Simple Point methods such as Solomon Ciuta and others
that help in this regard. In this chapter, we will focus on those methods best known and
applied in intrinsic viscosity measurements. In the measurement of intrinsic viscosity in
dilute solutions of polymers, experimental methods such as Huggins, Martin, Kraemer
and Shulze-Blashke are particularly useful. In dilute concentrations, graphical methods
such as those of Fuoss, Fidors, and Tanglertpaibul and Rao can also be used without
major errors. Although there are many more methods these can be more difficult and
impractical in their calculations and graphs. The methods furthest from experimental
practicality are those that depend on other methods and constants, such as Budtov's and
Baker´s. As for the simple point methods, the simplest and most used is that of
Solomon-Ciuta, the rest have similar or better results. As for the proposed methods, the
most prominent and with the least error is Square, the rest being affordable but with a
somewhat higher margin of error
A Decision Model for Reliability Analysis of Agricultural Sensor Data for Smart Irrigation 4.0
Authors: Mondal Subhash , Podder Samrat , Sengupta Diganta
Published: September 2023

 Agriculture is the backbone of an Agro-based Country's Economic System
as it employs the majority of the population. Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based intelligent
systems help reduce losses and make efficient use of available resources. This paper
aims to detect anomaly conditions that might occur in sensor nodes related to day-t-
-day smart irrigational activities in an agricultural field. IoT-based irrigation systems
being prone to unauthorized intrusion can cause damage to smart farms in terms of
crop damage and infertility of the soil. In this paper, we propose an intelligent
decision-making system that can identify Anomalous Conditions and Suspicious
Activities. The model discussed in this paper uses the idea of Gaussian distribution,
which calculates the expected probability of a given state of an agricultural field and
classifies anomalies based on what previous probabilities of an anomaly state looked
like. The approach classifies the anomalies with an accuracy of 80.79%, a precision of
0.81, and a recall of 0.54 under test conditions.
Filtering Techniques for Removing Noise From ECG Signals
Authors: Manimekalai K. , Kavitha A.
Published: September 2023

Electrocardiogram (ECG) records cardiac electrical signal to check for
various heart problems. However, it can be impaired by noise. Therefore, ECG signal
denoising is a significant pre-processing step that reduces noise and emphasizes the
characteristic waves in the ECG data. The frequency range of a simple ECG is usually
between 0.5 Hz and 100 Hz. When processing the ECG signal, artifact elimination is
the most important resource since artifacts in ECG signal impede the diagnosis of
disorders. This work uses MATLAB to reduce noise by applying low pass, high pass,
and derivative pass filters. On the PTB database, the performance of these approaches
is compared using benchmark measures such as mean-square error (MSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to compare various ECG denoising algorithms. The combination
of low pass + high pass + derivative pass filters produces low mean-square error (MSE)
and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values of 0.052 db and 1.185 db when compared to the
raw signal.
Noble Metal Supported Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation and Oligomerization Reaction
Authors: Yadav Vishnu Prasad , Chandrakar Anil Kumar , Jain Amit
Published: September 2023

Noble metals like platinum, gold, silver, rhodium, palladium and copper
were used as catalysts and promoters in oligomerization hydrogenation,
dehydrogenation, and oxidation reaction to get valuable chemicals, and green fuel
without any harmful effect on the environment. Platinum, rhodium, palladium, copper,
monometallic and bimetallic with reducible and non-reducible supported material
zeolites, Si/Al, MCM-41 and Al2O3
show excellent activity toward conversion of
reactants. Among noble metals, gold has shown low activity and high deactivation. The
C4
hydrocarbon formation was faster than C6
during the oligomerization reaction over
the metal catalyst at mild reaction conditions.
Concepts of Automation and Control
Authors: Afolabi Daniyan Ilesanmi , Daniyan Lanre , Adeodu Adefemi , Mpofu Khumbulani
Published: September 2023

The discussion in this chapter revolves around the general introduction and
the basic definition of the concepts of automation and control. Automation and control
are closely interrelated fields with the advent of Industry 4.0. Automation deals with
the integration of technologies that can enable systems to carry out tasks without
human intervention or with minimal intervention. On the other hand, control is a
process of monitoring and manipulating the variables of a system in order to achieve
the desired outputs. Hence, an automated system comprises the control system,
information, communication and technology system, actuator, and effective feedback
mechanism. The emergence of Industry 4.0 technologies focuses on improvement in
efficiency, profitability, systems’ flexibility, manufacturing processes, product quality,
cost, and time effectiveness with a significant reduction in manufacturing process
errors. These improvements can be aided by putting in place a system with effective
automation and control. This chapter further explores the differences between
mechanization and automation and draws a correlation between automation and
artificial intelligence. Also, the capabilities underlying the Artificial Intelligence (AI)
technology are highlighted. Furthermore, the classes of automation are explained
including the procedures for automation design. In addition, the merits and demerits of
automation are highlighted and the chapter ends with the automation of production
lines and different work layout configurations. The concept of automation is central to
industrial society and is prevalent in the engineering industries (manufacturing, process
industries, etc.)
Role of Biotechnology in Treatment of Solid Waste
Authors: Dhir Bhupinder
Published: September 2023

Waste management has become a major global concern. The rapid rise in the
rate of population has increased the generation of waste at a tremendous pace.
Improper disposal of agricultural, household, municipal and industrial wastes can pose
a threat to the health of living beings and the environment. Industrial waste, in
particular, is highly hazardous as it contains toxic chemicals and metals. Many methods
of waste disposal have been adopted, but most of them produce various kinds of after-effects, therefore, biological methods have been adopted because of their eco-friendly
and sustainable nature. Sustainable waste management aims to minimize the amount of
waste generation. Waste is treated in a proper way, involving the steps such as
segregation, recycling and reuse. Biotechnological methods such as composting,
biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds and bioremediation have been tried. These
methods have proved useful in treating waste in an eco-friendly way. More research
studies need to be carried out to standardize the method for the proper treatment of
waste so that environmental sustainability can be achieved.