bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broadband MWIR laser interrogator for quick and nondestructive analysis of physical evidence at crime scenes
Authors: Flores Yuri V. , Schwarzenberg M. , Groeneveld Gino , Trujillo Cristina Cano , García Gemma Montalvo , Merten André , Haertelt Marko
Published: May 2024

We present a MWIR active sensor that combines two individual broadband MOEMS external-cavity quantum cascade lasers. The multiplexed beam is used to stand-off interrogate forensic-relevant samples. The diffuse-reflectance spectrum is collected and evaluated in real-time.
Compact multispectral light field camera based on an inkjet-printed microlens array and color filter array
Authors: Zhang Qiaoshuang , Schambach Maximilian , Jin Qihao , Heizmann Michael , Lemmer Uli
Published: May 2024

With emerging advanced optical sensing technologies and their wide-ranging applications, gathering comprehensive optical data from real-world scenes is becoming increasingly crucial for their accurate reconstruction and analysis. In order to capture both three-dimensional (3D) spatial and spectral information from a scene, multiple devices or time-intensive scanning processes are often involved. Here, we demonstrate a multispectral light field camera that allows for the simultaneous acquisition of 3D information and spectral data in a single snapshot. By utilizing inkjet printing as the fabrication technology, the miniaturized optical components in the camera were manufactured with high precision and can be integrated into a standard camera housing. Furthermore, the microlens arrays and the color filter arrays were fabricated on the same substrate, and a precise alignment between the two arrays was achieved. The compact multispectral camera opens the door to a multitude of possibilities for mobile applications, ranging from autonomous driving and consumer electronics such as smartphones to medical technology such as endoscopes.
Time-varying equivalent circuit for dynamically modulated dielectric slabs and its implications for stability analysis
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Memarian Mohammad , Mehrany Khashayar
Published: May 2024

Equivalent circuits (ECs) have played an instrumental role in analyzing and modeling distributed electromagnetic structures for many decades, owing to their intrinsic simplicity and the valuable intuition and physical insights they provide. Here, we envision what we believe to be a novel class of ECs featuring linear time-varying (LTV) circuit elements to harness the power of EC analysis for studying LTV structures, particularly LTV dielectric slabs. Our time-varying equivalent circuit (TVEC)—consisting of infinitely many time-varying LC resonators interconnected in either series or parallel—is rigorously derived and exact, with closed-form expressions for the circuit elements. Its convenient form, enabled by a judicious use of Mittag-Leffler expansion, simplifies the analysis of LTV slabs experiencing various resonant and harmonic phenomena. We demonstrate this point by applying our TVEC to the problem of parametric instability in linear time-periodic slabs. Despite its immense importance, instability has been largely neglected in the literature on periodically modulated structures, mainly due to the inherent complexity of problems involving partial differential equations with time-periodic coefficients. Time-periodic circuits, on the other hand, enjoy an abundance of mathematical tools and methods in the form of the theory of Hill’s equation. We utilize this rich theory to investigate the nature of parametric instability in linear time-periodic slabs. Numerical results are then presented to verify these findings. Our TVEC is simple, applicable to any form of temporal modulation (not just periodic), and potentially extensible to other geometries, making it likely to have a significant impact on a multitude of hotly researched LTV topics.
High-security space division multiplexing optical transmission scheme based on constellation grid selective twisting
Authors: Ren Jianxin , Guo Zeqian , Liu Bo , Wang Chen , Sang Bohan , Wang Kaihui , Chen Shuaidong , Mao Yaya , Ullah Rahat , Song Xiumin , Yu Yongyi , Zhao Lilong , Wu Yongfeng , Sun Tingting
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we propose a high-security space division multiplexing optical transmission scheme based on constellation grid selective twisting, which adopts the Rossler chaos model for encrypting PDM-16QAM signals, being applied to a multicore, few-mode multiplexing system. The bitstream of the program is passed through XOR function before performing constellation grid selective twisting and rotation of the constellation map to improve the security of the system. The proposed system is verified experimentally by using 80-wave and 4-mode multiplexing in one of the 19-core 4-mode fibers. Based on the proposed encryption method, a net transmission rate of 34.13 Tbit/s, a transmission distance of 6000 km, and a capacity distance product of 204.8 Pb/s × km is achieved under encrypted PDM-QPSK modulation. Likewise, a net transmission rate of 68.27 Tbit/s, a transmission distance of 1000 km, and a capacity distance product of 68.27 Pb/s × km is achieved based on encrypted PDM-16QAM modulation. It is experimentally verified that the sensitivity of the initial value in Rossler's chaotic model is in the range of 10−16∼10−17. Meanwhile, the proposed encryption scheme achieves a large key space of 10101, which is compatible with the high-capacity distance product multicore and few-mode multiplexing system. It is a promising candidate for the next-generation highly-secured high-capacity transmission system.
Distributed Multi-Agent System fed with Telemetry Data for Near-Real-Time Service Operation
Authors: González Pol , Alhamed Faris , Barzegar Sima , Paolucci Francesco , Olmos Juan Jose Vegas , Ruiz Marc , Velasco Luis
Published: May 2024

Near-real-time routing decisions on multiple flows will be demonstrated. Decision making is based on precise end-to-end delay telemetry processed by a P4 collector. Distribution of roles will exhibit reduced response times to provide multi-objective operation.
Novel In-Line Triage Methodology for High-Speed Optical Transceivers in Hyperscale Datacenters
Authors: Chou Elaine S. , Mohan Arun , Berry Chris , Powers Chet , Morales Mario
Published: May 2024

A novel in-line triage methodology has been developed by leveraging data collected from optical transceivers and network switches. A success rate of ~68% was achieved by correlating diagnosis from triage to failure analysis from vendors.
Multimode Links Based on High-Speed VCSELs for Cost-Effective Data Center Connectivity
Authors: Bhatt Vipul
Published: May 2024

Low cost and low power consumption of multimode links are the result of a design effort to optimize specifications for short reach. Beyond 800G front panel pluggable transceivers, linear pluggable optics (LPO) or multimode co-packaged optics (MCPO) may offer compelling solutions for 1.6T and 3.2T generations. Reliability can be enhanced with 1:1 cold sparing of VCSELs. Further progress is expected.
Capacity optimization strategies in an unrepeatered system
Authors: Bissessur H. , Busson A. , Kravchenko D. , Hedaraly F.
Published: May 2024

We show 11% capacity improvement in an unrepeatered link at a constant baud-rate, by adjusting the bit-rate of a real-time transponder on a channel-per-channel basis, compared to a fixed bit-rate transponder.
Low-Complexity Frequency Packing to Enable Filtering-Tolerant DSCM Transmission
Authors: Patel Romil K. , Mumtaz Sami , Fernandes Marco A. , Oliveira Beatriz M. , Charlet Gabriel , Zhao Yu , Monteiro Paulo P. , Lorences-Riesgo Abel , Guiomar Fernando P.
Published: May 2024

Employing optimized frequency packing over digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM), we exploit the mitigation of WSS filtering penalties. After transmitting a 60 Gbaud 8-DSCM with 0.2 roll-off over 5-10 WSSs, we experimentally demonstrate OSNR gains of >3 dB, without additional DSP complexity.
A Versatile Point-to-Point Network Architecture with Multi-Rate Adaptability from 100 Gbit/s to 10 Gbit/s
Authors: Gaillard Georges , Saliou Fabienne , Chevalier Dylan , Simon Gaël , Chanclou Philippe , Neto Luiz Anet , Morvan Michel , Fracasso Bruno
Published: May 2024

PtP networks are optimized with optical switch and extended reach (25-50 km) to another CO to allow flexible band width and power consumption. Different transmission capacities and scenarios are experimented with a DFB, from 100 Gbit/s to 10 Gbit/s with/without FEC and SOA.
Long-distance Quantum Key Distribution Supported by a PIC-based Interferometer
Authors: Guarda Giulia , Ribezzo Domenico , Occhipinti Tommaso , Zavatta Alessandro , Bacco Davide
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate QKD with efficient-BB84 p rotocol e mploying a photonic integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the receiver. Our solution outperforms fiber-based devices, covering a 45 dB link and achieving a 220% higher key rate at 10 dB.
Reconfigurable Lightwave Fabrics for ML Supercomputers
Authors: Liu Hong , Urata Ryohei , Yasumura Kevin , Zhou Xiang , Bannon Roy , Berger Jill , Dashti Pedram , Jouppi Norm , Lam Cedric , Li Sheng , Mao Erji , Nelson Daniel , Papen George , Tariq Mukarram , Vahdat Amin
Published: May 2024

We present the large-scale, production deployment of reconfigurable Lightwave Fabrics (LWF) for Machine Learning (ML) supercomputers. These fabrics consist of a custom developed optical circuit switch (OCS), circulators, and WDM transceiver technologies. The use of a LWF dramatically enhances the current generation 4096 tensor processing unit (TPU) system in both availability (up to 3x) as well as performance (up to 3.3x) with modest power and cost increases (1% and 6%, respectively).
100G and 200G per Lane Linear Drive Optics for Data Center Applications
Authors: Chou Elaine S. , Huang Yishen , Amiralizadeh Siamak , Rahn Jeffrey , Doylend J. K. , Wang Qing , Chen Janet , Young Darron
Published: May 2024

100G/lane linear-drive pluggable optics demonstrate interoperability with over 3 dB link margin. Simulations suggest that 200G/lane linear drive requires bump-to-bump losses below 22 dB, but transmit-side retimers increase loss tolerance beyond 34 dB.
Extending the OCATA Digital Twin for Optical Connections based on Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing
Authors: Devigili M. , Sequeira D. , Ruiz M. , Costa N. , Castro C. , Napoli A. , Pedro J. , Velasco L.
Published: May 2024

Time-domain digital twin models for single carrier and DSCM signals are developed that propagate features to estimate the impact of filter penalties on the BER. Results show remarkable accuracy, which is used for lightpath provisioning.
Digital Twin-Enabled Optical Network Automation: Power Re-Optimization
Authors: Sun Chenyu , Yang Xin , Charlet Gabriel , Stavrou Photios A. , Pointurier Yvan
Published: May 2024

A digital twin-enabled network automated power optimization method is proposed and experimentally validated in a ring network. Proposed algorithms prevent SNR degradation during re-optimization, while closed-loop operation further improves SNR estimation accuracy.
Effect of sensor number and location on accelerometry-based vertical ground reaction force estimation during walking
Authors: Pimentel Ricky , Armitano-Lago Cortney , MacPherson Ryan , Sathyan Anoop , Twiddy Jack , Peterson Kaila , Daniele Michael , Kiefer Adam W. , Lobaton Edgar , Pietrosimone Brian , Franz Jason R.
Published: May 2024

Knee osteoarthritis is a major cause of global disability and is a major cost for the healthcare system. Lower extremity loading is a determinant of knee osteoarthritis onset and progression; however, technology that assists rehabilitative clinicians in optimizing key metrics of lower extremity loading is significantly limited. The peak vertical component of the ground reaction force (vGRF) in the first 50% of stance is highly associated with biological and patient-reported outcomes linked to knee osteoarthritis symptoms. Monitoring and maintaining typical vGRF profiles may support healthy gait biomechanics and joint tissue loading to prevent the onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Yet, the optimal number of sensors and sensor placements for predicting accurate vGRF from accelerometry remains unknown. Our goals were to: 1) determine how many sensors and what sensor locations yielded the most accurate vGRF loading peak estimates during walking; and 2) characterize how prescribing different loading conditions affected vGRF loading peak estimates. We asked 20 young adult participants to wear 5 accelerometers on their waist, shanks, and feet and walk on a force-instrumented treadmill during control and targeted biofeedback conditions prompting 5% underloading and overloading vGRFs. We trained and tested machine learning models to estimate vGRF from the various sensor accelerometer inputs and identified which combinations were most accurate. We found that a neural network using one accelerometer at the waist yielded the most accurate loading peak vGRF estimates during walking, with average errors of 4.4% body weight. The waist-only configuration was able to distinguish between control and overloading conditions prescribed using biofeedback, matching measured vGRF outcomes. Including foot or shank acceleration signals in the model reduced accuracy, particularly for the overloading condition. Our results suggest that a system designed to monitor changes in walking vGRF or to deploy targeted biofeedback may only need a single accelerometer located at the waist for healthy participants.
The Hog1 MAPK substrate governs Candida glabrata-epithelial cell adhesion via the histone H2A variant
Authors: Sahu Mahima Sagar , Purushotham Rajaram , Kaur Rupinder
Published: May 2024

CgHog1, terminal kinase of the high-osmolarity glycerol signalling pathway, orchestrates cellular response to multiple external stimuli including surplus-environmental iron in the human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata (Cg). However, CgHog1 substrates remain unidentified. Here, we show that CgHog1 adversely affects Cg adherence to host stomach and kidney epithelial cells in vitro, but promotes Cg survival in the iron-rich gastrointestinal tract niche. Further, CgHog1 interactome and in vitro phosphorylation analysis revealed CgSub2 (putative RNA helicase) to be a CgHog1 substrate, with CgSub2 also governing iron homeostasis and host adhesion. CgSub2 positively regulated EPA1 (encodes a major adhesin) expression and host adherence via its interactor CgHtz1 (histone H2A variant). Notably, both CgHog1 and surplus environmental iron had a negative impact on CgSub2-CgHtz1 interaction, with CgHTZ1 or CgSUB2 deletion reversing the elevated adherence of Cghog1Δ to epithelial cells. Finally, the surplus-extracellular iron led to CgHog1 activation, increased CgSub2 phosphorylation, elevated CgSub2-CgHta (canonical histone H2A) interaction, and EPA1 transcriptional activation, thereby underscoring the iron-responsive, CgHog1-induced exchange of histone partners of CgSub2. Altogether, our work mechanistically defines how CgHog1 couples Epa1 adhesin expression with iron abundance, and point towards specific chromatin composition modification programs that probably aid fungal pathogens align their adherence to iron-rich (gut) and iron-poor (blood) host niches.
Integration of cervical cancer screening into healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Kassa Rahel Nega , Shifti Desalegn Markos , Alemu Kassahun , Omigbodun Akinyinka O.
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer is a prevalent disease among women, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where most deaths occur. Integrating cervical cancer screening services into healthcare facilities is essential in combating the disease. Thus, this review aims to map evidence related to integrating cervical cancer screening into existing primary care services and identify associated barriers and facilitators in LMICs. The scoping review employed a five-step framework as proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Five databases (MEDLINE, Maternity Infant Care, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science) were systematically searched. Data were extracted, charted, synthesized, and summarised. A total of 28 original articles conducted in LMICs from 2000 to 2023 were included. Thirty-nine percent of the reviewed studies showed that cervical cancer screening (CCS) was integrated into HIV clinics. The rest of the papers revealed that CCS was integrated into existing reproductive and sexual health clinics, maternal and child health, family planning, well-baby clinics, maternal health clinics, gynecology outpatient departments, and sexually transmitted infections clinics. The cost-effectiveness of integrated services, promotion, and international initiatives were identified as facilitators while resource scarcity, lack of skilled staff, high client loads, lack of preventive oncology policy, territorial disputes, and lack of national guidelines were identified as barriers to the services. The evidence suggests that CCS can be integrated into healthcare facilities in LMICs, in various primary care services, including HIV clinics, reproductive and sexual health clinics, well-baby clinics, maternal health clinics, and gynecology OPDs. However, barriers include limited health system capacity, workload, waiting times, and lack of coordination. Addressing these gaps could strengthen the successful integration of CCS into primary care services and improve cervical cancer prevention and treatment outcomes.
Global, regional, and national burden of heatwave-related mortality from 1990 to 2019: A three-stage modelling study
Authors: Zhao Qi , Li Shanshan , Ye Tingting , Wu Yao , Gasparrini Antonio , Tong Shilu , Urban Aleš , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Tobias Aurelio , Armstrong Ben , Royé Dominic , Lavigne Eric , de’Donato Francesca , Sera Francesco , Kan Haidong , Schwartz Joel , Pascal Mathilde , Ryti Niilo , Goodman Patrick , Saldiva Paulo Hilario Nascimento , Bell Michelle L. , Guo Yuming ,   on behalf of the MCC Collaborative Research Network
Published: May 2024

Background

The regional disparity of heatwave-related mortality over a long period has not been sufficiently assessed across the globe, impeding the localisation of adaptation planning and risk management towards climate change. We quantified the global mortality burden associated with heatwaves at a spatial resolution of 0.5°×0.5° and the temporal change from 1990 to 2019.

Methods and findings

We collected data on daily deaths and temperature from 750 locations of 43 countries or regions, and 5 meta-predictors in 0.5°×0.5° resolution across the world. Heatwaves were defined as location-specific daily mean temperature ≥95th percentiles of year-round temperature range with duration ≥2 days. We first estimated the location-specific heatwave-mortality association. Secondly, a multivariate meta-regression was fitted between location-specific associations and 5 meta-predictors, which was in the third stage used with grid cell-specific meta-predictors to predict grid cell-specific association. Heatwave-related excess deaths were calculated for each grid and aggregated. During 1990 to 2019, 0.94% (95% CI: 0.68–1.19) of deaths [i.e., 153,078 cases (95% eCI: 109,950–194,227)] per warm season were estimated to be from heatwaves, accounting for 236 (95% eCI: 170–300) deaths per 10 million residents. The ratio between heatwave-related excess deaths and all premature deaths per warm season remained relatively unchanged over the 30 years, while the number of heatwave-related excess deaths per 10 million residents per warm season declined by 7.2% per decade in comparison to the 30-year average. Locations with the highest heatwave-related death ratio and rate were in Southern and Eastern Europe or areas had polar and alpine climates, and/or their residents had high incomes. The temporal change of heatwave-related mortality burden showed geographic disparities, such that locations with tropical climate or low incomes were observed with the greatest decline. The main limitation of this study was the lack of data from certain regions, e.g., Arabian Peninsula and South Asia.

Conclusions

Heatwaves were associated with substantial mortality burden that varied spatiotemporally over the globe in the past 30 years. The findings indicate the potential benefit of governmental actions to enhance health sector adaptation and resilience, accounting for inequalities across communities.
A regressive analysis of the main environmental risk factors of human echinococcosis in 370 counties in China
Authors: Wang Liying , Wang Zhiyi , Qin Min , Lei Jiaxi , Cheng Xixi , Yan Jun , Gavotte Laurent , Frutos Roger
Published: May 2024

Background

Echinococcosis is a natural focal, highly prevalent disease in China. Factors influencing the spread of echinococcosis are not only related to personal exposure but also closely related to the environment itself. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of environmental factors on the prevalence of human echinococcosis and to provide a reference for prevention and control of echinococcosis in the future.

Methods

Data were collected from 370 endemic counties in China in 2018. By downloading Modis, DEM and other remote-sensing images in 2018. Data on environmental factors, i.e., elevation, land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were collected. Rank correlation analysis was conducted between each environmental factor and the prevalence of echinococcosis at the county level. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the impact of environmental factors on the prevalence of human echinococcosis at the county level.

Results

According to rank correlation analysis, the prevalence of human echinococcosis in each county was positively correlated with elevation, negatively correlated with LST, and negatively correlated with NDVI in May, June and July. Negative binomial regression showed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was negatively correlated with annual LST and summer NDVI, and positively correlated with average elevation and dog infection rate. The prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis was inversely correlated with the annual average LST, and positively correlated with both the average elevation and the prevalence rate of domestic animals. The prevalence of human alveolar echinococcosis was positively correlated with both NDVI in autumn and average elevation, and negatively correlated with NDVI in winter.

Conclusion

The prevalence of echinococcosis in the population is affected by environmental factors. Environmental risk assessment and prediction can be conducted in order to rationally allocate health resources and improve both prevention and control efficiency of echinococcosis.
Perceptions and compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures in Southern and Central regions of Mozambique: A quantitative in-person household survey in the districts of Manhiça and Quelimane
Authors: Nhacolo Ariel , Magaço Amílcar , Amosse Felizarda , Hunguana Aura , Matsena Teodimiro , Nhacolo Arsénio , Xerinda Elisio , Bassat Quique , Sacoor Charfudin , Mandomando Inacio , Munguambe Khátia
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted countries to swiftly implement rigorous preventive measures on a population-wide scale worldwide. However, in low-income countries like Mozambique this was difficult, coupled with a generalised lack of knowledge on how the population understood and complied with these measures. This study assessed community perceptions and implementation of anti-COVID-19 measures recommended by Mozambican authorities in Manhiça and Quelimane districts, including confinement, social distancing, frequent handwashing, mask wearing, and quarantine as the key practices to evaluate. We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey in October 2020 and February 2021, interviewing heads of households, face-to-face. The data collected included self-evaluation of compliance and existence of handwashing facilities and face-masks in the households, aided by observations. We present descriptive statistics on perceptions and compliance at individual and household levels. Out of the 770 participants, nearly all (98.7%) were aware of Coronavirus disease, including the term COVID-19 (89.2%). Knowledge varied between districts, with Manhiça participants showing higher levels of sufficient ability to define the disease. The symptoms most mentioned were dry cough (17.8%), fever (15.7%), flu-like symptoms (14.2%), breathing difficulties (13.6%), and headache (13.1%). Participants recognized various transmission modes, including touching infected objects and inhaling infected air. Preventive measures like handwashing with soap or sanitizing hands with alcohol, wearing masks, and social distancing were acknowledged, but the understanding varied. Compliance with these measures was generally low, with fewer than half of respondents reporting adherence to them. Only 30.4% of households had handwashing facilities (of which only 41.0% had water), and masks were often limited to one per person aged 6 years or more. Community members in Manhica and Quelimane were aware of COVID-19 but had limited understanding of what the preventive measures meant, and had lower levels of compliance. Understanding and addressing the factors affecting the proper implementation of these measures is crucial for improving community adherence in preventing infectious diseases with epidemic potential.
A framework of evolutionary optimized convolutional neural network for classification of shang and chow dynasties bronze decorative patterns
Authors: Qi XiuZhi , He XueMei , Chen Shan Wei , Hai Tao
Published: May 2024

As a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, the aesthetic value of bronze artifacts from the Shang and Chow Dynasties has had a profound influence on Chinese traditional culture and art. To facilitate the digital preservation and protection of these Shang and Chow bronze artifacts (SCB), it becomes imperative to categorize their decorative patterns. Therefore, a SCB pattern classification method of differential evolution called Shang and Chow Bronze Convolutional Neural Network (SCB-CNN) is proposed. Firstly, the original bronze decorative patterns of Shang and Chow dynasties are collected, and the samples are expanded through image augmentation technology to form a training dataset. Secondly, based on the classical convolutional neural network structure, the recognition and classification of bronze patterns are implemented by adjusting the network parameters. Then, the initial parameters of the convolutional neural network are optimized by differential evolution algorithm, and the optimized SCB-CNN is simulated. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted between the optimized SCB-CNN, the unoptimized model, VGG-Net, and GoogleNet. The experimental results indicate that the optimized SCB-CNN significantly reduces training time while maintaining fast prediction speed, convergence speed, and high accuracy. This study provides new insights for the inheritance and innovation research of SCB patterns.
The ESG performance influence mechanism analysis-based on empirical analysis
Authors: Ma Lihua , Yuan Xiuling , Lu Jingyi , Li Yifan , Gao Weiqi , Yan Huizhe , Zhang Xuedong
Published: May 2024

ESG has emerged as a prominent method for evaluating enterprises, gaining increasing importance in recent years. It assesses a company’s ability to promote sustainable economic development and fulfill its social responsibilities, encompassing three non-financial dimensions: environmental, social, and corporate governance. Regulatory authorities, industry associations, and investment institutions worldwide have placed growing emphasis on a company’s ESG performance. From the perspective of career concern, this study conducted a multiple regression analysis using data from Chinese A-share companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2020. It used CEO shareholding and CEO political affiliation as moderating variables to examine the impact of CEO career concerns on the corporate environment, society, and corporate governance performance. Empirical testing of whether CEO career concerns promote or suppress the ESG performance in enterprises. The findings of this study reveal that CEOs with heightened career concerns tend to impede the ESG performance of their respective enterprises. Additionally, CEO shareholding and political affiliations exert a negative moderating influence on the relationship between CEO career concerns and ESG performance. This research significantly extends the investigation into factors influencing ESG performance, offering fresh perspectives that could inform improved CEO oversight, foster corporate transformation, and enhance ESG performance.
Heat exchange characteristics of underground and pavement buried pipes for bridge deck heating conditions
Authors: Zheng Xuegui , Song Zhongbo , Ding Yanping
Published: May 2024

Geothermal energy is increasingly employed across diverse applications, with bridge deck snow melting emerging as a notable utilization scenario. In Jinan city, China, a project is underway to utilize ground source heat pumps (GSHPS) for heating bridges. However, essential operational parameters, including fluid medium, temperature, and heat exchange details, are currently lacking. This study addresses the thermal design challenges associated with ground heat exchangers (GHE) for bridge heating through a combination of numerical modeling and field experiments. Utilizing software Fluent, a refined three-dimensional multi-condition heat transfer numerical analysis was carried out. Field tests based on actual operating conditions were also conducted and the design parameters were verified. The results indicate that an inlet temperature of 5°C and an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol with a mass concentration of 35% as the heat exchange medium are suitable for the GSHPS in Jinan; Moreover, the influence of backfill material and operation time on the heat transfer efficiency was revealed and the suitable material with 10% bentonite and 90% SiO2 was suggested; Finally, based on the influence of the pipe spacing on the heating characteristics of bridge deck, the transition spacing of 0.2 m is given for the temperature response of the bridge deck. This comprehensive study contributes valuable insights through simulation and experimental analysis of the thermal environment variation, aiming to advance the development of GSHPS for bridge deck heating in Jinan, China.
The public attitude towards ChatGPT on reddit: A study based on unsupervised learning from sentiment analysis and topic modeling
Authors: Xu Zhaoxiang , Fang Qingguo , Huang Yanbo , Xie Mingjian
Published: May 2024

ChatGPT has demonstrated impressive abilities and impacted various aspects of human society since its creation, gaining widespread attention from different social spheres. This study aims to comprehensively assess public perception of ChatGPT on Reddit. The dataset was collected via Reddit, a social media platform, and includes 23,733 posts and comments related to ChatGPT. Firstly, to examine public attitudes, this study conducts content analysis utilizing topic modeling with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm to extract pertinent topics. Furthermore, sentiment analysis categorizes user posts and comments as positive, negative, or neutral using Textblob and Vader in natural language processing. The result of topic modeling shows that seven topics regarding ChatGPT are identified, which can be grouped into three themes: user perception, technical methods, and impacts on society. Results from the sentiment analysis show that 61.6% of the posts and comments hold favorable opinions on ChatGPT. They emphasize ChatGPT’s ability to prompt and engage in natural conversations with users, without relying on complex natural language processing. It provides suggestions for ChatGPT developers to enhance its usability design and functionality. Meanwhile, stakeholders, including users, should comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT in human society to promote ethical and regulated implementation of the system.
Predicting hotspots for disease-causing single nucleotide variants using sequences-based coevolution, network analysis, and machine learning
Authors: Zheng Wenjun
Published: May 2024

To enable personalized medicine, it is important yet highly challenging to accurately predict disease-causing mutations in target proteins at high throughput. Previous computational methods have been developed using evolutionary information in combination with various biochemical and structural features of protein residues to discriminate neutral vs. deleterious mutations. However, the power of these methods is often limited because they either assume known protein structures or treat residues independently without fully considering their interactions. To address the above limitations, we build upon recent progress in machine learning, network analysis, and protein language models, and develop a sequences-based variant site prediction workflow based on the protein residue contact networks: 1. We employ and integrate various methods of building protein residue networks using state-of-the-art coevolution analysis tools (RaptorX, DeepMetaPSICOV, and SPOT-Contact) powered by deep learning. 2. We use machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Extreme Gradient Boosting) to optimally combine 20 network centrality scores to jointly predict key residues as hot spots for disease mutations. 3. Using a dataset of 107 proteins rich in disease mutations, we rigorously evaluate the network scores individually and collectively (via machine learning). This work supports a promising strategy of combining an ensemble of network scores based on different coevolution analysis methods (and optionally predictive scores from other methods) via machine learning to predict hotspot sites of disease mutations, which will inform downstream applications of disease diagnosis and targeted drug design.
Interface stress transfer model and modulus parameter equivalence method for composite materials embedded with tensile pre-strain shape memory alloy fibers
Authors: Huang Yizhe , Duan Xueliang , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhifu , Shi Yuanyuan , Huang Bin , Xu Enyong
Published: May 2024

The constitutive model and modulus parameter equivalence of shape memory alloy composites (SMAC) serve as the foundation for the structural dynamic modeling of composite materials, which has a direct impact on the dynamic characteristics and modeling accuracy of SMAC. This article proposes a homogenization method for SMA composites considering interfacial phases, models the interface stress transfer of three-phase cylinders physically, and derives the axial and shear stresses of SMA fiber phase, interfacial phase, and matrix phase mathematically. The homogenization method and stress expression were then used to determine the macroscopic effective modulus of SMAC as well as the stress characteristics of the fiber phase and interface phase of SMA. The findings demonstrate the significance of volume fraction and tensile pre-strain in stress transfer between the fiber phase and interface phase at high temperatures. The maximum axial stress in the fiber phase is 705.05 MPa when the SMA is fully austenitic and the pre-strain increases to 5%. At 10% volume fraction of SMA, the fiber phase’s maximum axial stress can reach 1000 MPa. Ultimately, an experimental verification of the theoretical calculation method’s accuracy for the effective modulus of SMAC lays the groundwork for the dynamic modeling of SMAC structures.
Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health hazards of potentially toxic elements in commonly consumed rice cultivars in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Shaheen Nazma , Hasan Towhid , Sultana Marjia , Akhter Kazi Turjaun , Khan Ishrat Nourin , Irfan Nafis Md. , Ahmed Md. Kawser
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to assess the level of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Ni) and associated health implications through commonly consumed rice cultivars of Bangladesh available in Capital city, Dhaka. The range of As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Ni in rice grains were 0.04–0.35, 0.01–0.15, 0.01–1.18, 10.74–34.35, 1.98–13.42, 0.18–1.43, 2.51–22.08, and 0.21–5.96 mg/kg fresh weight (FW), respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified substantial anthropogenic activities to be responsible for these elements in rice grains. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the elements was below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) level. The hazard index (HI) was above the threshold level, stating non-carcinogenic health hazards from consuming these rice cultivars. The mean target cancer risk (TCR) of As and Pb exceeded the USEPA acceptable level (10−6), revealing carcinogenic health risks from the rice grains.
Effect of paternal-maternal parenting styles on college students’ internet addiction of different genders: The mediating role of life satisfaction
Authors: Liu Zixin , Cheng Hui , Guan Hexu , Yang Xi , Chen Zi
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to understand the current situation of paternal-maternal parenting style, life satisfaction, and internet addiction among college students and explored the influence of paternal-maternal parenting styles and life satisfaction on the internet addiction of male and female college students. A questionnaire survey was administered to 967 college students in China. Life satisfaction partially mediated the effect of the paternal-maternal parenting styles on the internet addiction among college students. However, this mediating role completely varied by gender, and the dimensions of parental styles also had different effects. For male college students, life satisfaction mediated the two dimensions of parenting styles (the father’s emotional warmth, the father’s overprotection) and internet addiction; the mother’s emotional warmth directly related to the internet addiction. Among females, life satisfaction played a partial mediating role between two dimensions of parenting styles (the father’s emotional warmth, the mother’s interference and protection) and internet addiction. the father’s punitiveness and over-involvement were directly related to female students’ internet addiction. The study reveals that the mediating effect of life satisfaction on parenting styles and internet addiction among college students is influenced by gender, and the relationship between different parenting styles and internet addiction also varies. These findings indicate that paying attention to the role of the family, especially the parenting style of fathers, is crucial for preventing internet addiction in the future. Prevention and intervention should be treated differently for male and female students.
Mental-somatic multimorbidity in trajectories of cognitive function for middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Chen Siting , Nagel Corey L. , Liu Ruotong , Botoseneanu Anda , Allore Heather G. , Newsom Jason T. , Thielke Stephen , Kaye Jeffrey , Quiñones Ana R.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Multimorbidity may confer higher risk for cognitive decline than any single constituent disease. This study aims to identify distinct trajectories of cognitive impairment probability among middle-aged and older adults, and to assess the effect of changes in mental-somatic multimorbidity on these distinct trajectories.

Methods

Data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2016) were employed to estimate group-based trajectory models identifying distinct trajectories of cognitive impairment probability. Four time-varying mental-somatic multimorbidity combinations (somatic, stroke, depressive, stroke and depressive) were examined for their association with observed trajectories of cognitive impairment probability with age. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to quantify the association of sociodemographic and health-related factors with trajectory group membership.

Results

Respondents (N = 20,070) had a mean age of 61.0 years (SD = 8.7) at baseline. Three distinct cognitive trajectories were identified using group-based trajectory modelling: (1) Low risk with late-life increase (62.6%), (2) Low initial risk with rapid increase (25.7%), and (3) High risk (11.7%). For adults following along Low risk with late-life increase, the odds of cognitive impairment for stroke and depressive multimorbidity (OR:3.92, 95%CI:2.91,5.28) were nearly two times higher than either stroke multimorbidity (OR:2.06, 95%CI:1.75,2.43) or depressive multimorbidity (OR:2.03, 95%CI:1.71,2.41). The odds of cognitive impairment for stroke and depressive multimorbidity in Low initial risk with rapid increase or High risk (OR:4.31, 95%CI:3.50,5.31; OR:3.43, 95%CI:2.07,5.66, respectively) were moderately higher than stroke multimorbidity (OR:2.71, 95%CI:2.35, 3.13; OR: 3.23, 95%CI:2.16, 4.81, respectively). In the multinomial logistic regression model, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents had higher odds of being in Low initial risk with rapid increase and High risk relative to non-Hispanic White adults.

Conclusions

These findings show that depressive and stroke multimorbidity combinations have the greatest association with rapid cognitive declines and their prevention may postpone these declines, especially in socially disadvantaged and minoritized groups.
La Diputación provincial, los ayuntamientos, el Reglamento de administración municipal de Navarra y el centralismo foral
Authors: Alli Aranguren Juan-Cruz
Published: May 2024

La ideología centralista liberal recogida en las constituciones se tradujo en el control jerárquico del gobierno sobre las Diputaciones y Ayuntamientos. En Navarra la ley de 1841 lo otorgó a la Diputación. La autonomía municipal del Estatuto de Calvo Sotelo contradijo el régimen existente en Navarra, que se mantuvo por el RD-L de 1925, desarrollando una autonomía subordinada a la jerárquica y ejercida por la Diputación por medio de reglamentos y acuerdos generales, autorizaciones, aprobaciones, sanciones y jurisdicción delegada que conocía en recurso de alzada.
Atelectasis Associated Bronchopneumonia on Congenital Rubella Syndrome Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Yani Handa , Trisnawati Yunnie , Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Background: Atelectasis describes a collapsed of the lung, either a part or all of a lung with or without mediastinal shift. Obstructive atelectasis, also known as resorptive atelectasis, which is caused by blockage of an airway, is by far the most common cause of lung collapse in both adult and pediatric populations. Despite the high prevalence of pneumonia and the complication it causes including atelectasis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the studies about atelectasis associated with it causing acute respiratory distress syndrome is still limited.

Case Presentation: We present a case of atelectasis associated with bronchopneumonia causing acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, chest physiotherapy, and pharmacologic administration were done. A 2-month-old female with a history of cough, patent ductus arteriosus, and congenital cataract presented to the emergency room with sudden onset of breathlessness and severe cough. After stabilization in the pediatric intensive care unit, the baby responded significantly both clinical and radiological.

Conclusion: This case is an important addition to the literature about atelectasis associated with bronchopneumonia causing acute respiratory distress syndrome on congenital rubella syndrome infant.
Tratamento periodontal e reabilitador em paciente com fibroma ossificante periférico em área estética: relato de caso, com acompanhamento de cinco anos
Authors: Torquato Letícia Cavassini , Maciel Clarissa Carvalho Martins , Almeida Nátaly Domingues , Suárez Eduardo Antônio Chelin , Lopes Sergio Lucio Pereira Castro , Rovai Emanuel da Silva , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves , Melo Filho Antônio Braulino de , Marco Andréa Carvalho de
Published: May 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O fibroma ossificante periférico (FOP) é uma lesão não neoplásica de crescimento lento, que se origina a partir de células do ligamento periodontal ou do periósteo, sua etiologia ainda é desconhecida. OBJETIVO: Este relato de caso tem como objetivo demonstrar o tratamento periodontal, bem como a reabilitação com implante, e o acompanhamento de uma paciente diagnosticada com FOP na região anterior de maxila. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos de idade, procurou atendimento devido à presença de lesão, mobilidade e extrusão do dente #21. Além disso, a paciente foi diagnosticada com periodontite estágio III generalizada grau B, passou por terapia periodontal e optou por realizar exodontia do dente #21, em conjunto com a biópsia excisional da lesão apresentada. Durante a biópsia, além da lesão de tecido mole, foram removidos periósteo e exostose óssea subjacentes à lesão. O laudo confirmou diagnóstico de processo proliferativo não neoplásico na forma de FOP. Após dois anos de acompanhamento de recidiva ou não da lesão, a paciente passou por tratamento reabilitador com implante. CONCLUSÃO: O presente relato demonstra um caso clínico de sucesso, no qual uma paciente diagnosticada com um processo proliferativo não neoplásico conseguiu seguir para tratamento reabilitador sem recidivas, ao ter a lesão e fatores irritativos locais devidamente removidos. A paciente continua a ter sua condição bucal acompanhada anualmente e não apresenta qualquer sinal de recidiva da lesão. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fibroma ossificante. Periodontite. Implantação dentária. Biópsia.
Evaluación de la competencia digital en primer año de formación docente: el caso de la universidad de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Silva-Quiroz Juan , Aranda-Faúndez Gonzalo
Published: May 2024

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Perceptions on Critical Urban Issues in the COVID-19 Pandemic Crises
Authors: Oke Muritala Olaniyi , Choji Ibrahim Dinju , Oshinfowokan Oluseyi
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 Pandemic crises have further challenged the achievement of sustainable urban or cities development as they are now a potential threat for quick transmission of disease between humans and other urban areas due to their connectivity via rail, flights, or roads. The absence of sustainability features of smart cities such as well numbered buildings, street naming for effective contact tracing, and tracing index contact of infected persons prevents effective infection management. The COVID-19 disease has therefore brought out the need to address the emerging urban challenges been faced, drawing from the perception of the urban dwellers, especially on what and how to achieve efficient management of pandemic in the urban areas, building urban resilience, and achieving sustainable development goal (SDG) 11 target of safe, inclusive and sustainable cities. Thus, this paper aims to interrogate the urban dwellers' perception in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Lagos, Nigeria, on emerging urban issues brought out by the COVID – 19 pandemic management and how they could be managed in the future. The study utilizes a questionnaire developed in the google form and distributed using email and WhatsApp platforms to three hundred respondents, One hundred and fifty respondents in each city, picked by their expertise and official responsibility in the urban-related field. The results reveal that key urban planning issues such as weak health systems, crowd management, adherence to government orders on handwashing and sanitation, social distancing, and socio-cultural issues need to be given utmost attention. Recommendations were made in line with effecting an integrated planning policy, citizen reorientation, and the need to re-plan these cities, amongst others.