bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeepMob
Authors: Song Xuan , Shibasaki Ryosuke , Yuan Nicholos Jing , Xie Xing , Li Tao , Adachi Ryutaro
Published: June 2017

The frequency and intensity of natural disasters has increased significantly in recent decades, and this trend is expected to continue. Hence, understanding and predicting human evacuation behavior and mobility will play a vital role in planning effective humanitarian relief, disaster management, and long-term societal reconstruction. However, existing models are shallow models, and it is difficult to apply them for understanding the “deep knowledge” of human mobility. Therefore, in this study, we collect big and heterogeneous data (e.g., GPS records of 1.6 million users over 3 years, data on earthquakes that have occurred in Japan over 4 years, news report data, and transportation network data), and we build an intelligent system, namely, DeepMob, for understanding and predicting human evacuation behavior and mobility following different types of natural disasters. The key component of DeepMob is based on a deep learning architecture that aims to understand the basic laws that govern human behavior and mobility following natural disasters, from big and heterogeneous data. Furthermore, based on the deep learning model, DeepMob can accurately predict or simulate a person’s future evacuation behaviors or evacuation routes under different disaster conditions. Experimental results and validations demonstrate the efficiency and superior performance of our system, and suggest that human mobility following disasters may be predicted and simulated more easily than previously thought.
The future of user experience education
Authors: Peer Andrea
Published: June 2017

HCI education reflects the continual evolution of HCI, embracing the changing landscapes of technology, infrastructure, and technology use. This forum aims to provide a platform for HCI educators, practitioners, researchers, and students to share their perspectives, reflections, and experiences related to HCI education.
--- Sukeshini Grandhi, Editor
The 3Cs for preschool children's technology
Authors: Hourcade Juan Pablo , Pantoja Luiza Superti , Diederich Kyle , Crawford Liam , Revelle Glenda
Published: June 2017

In this forum we celebrate research that helps to successfully bring the benefits of computing technologies to children, older adults, people with disabilities, and other populations that are often ignored in the design of mass-marketed products.
--- Juan Pablo Hourcade, Editor
Exploring DIY tutorials as a way to disseminate research through design
Authors: Desjardins Audrey , Wakkary Ron , Odom Will , Lin Henry , Schilling Markus Lorenz
Published: June 2017

This forum highlights conversations at the intersection of design methods and social studies of technology. By highlighting a diversity of perspectives on design interventions and programs, we aim to forge new connections between HCI design and communication, science and technology studies, and media studies scholarship. ---
Daniela Rosner, Editor
Evaluation of Plasma Thrombomodulin in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow
Authors: Wang Yong , Jia Peng-yu , Chen Bao-jun , Chen Yan , Yu Hang , Yu Yao , Yang Hui-min , Jia Da-lin , Ma Chun-yan
Published: June 2017

Background: It has been reported that coronary slow flow (CSF) is associated with acute myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and even sudden cardiac death. Although studies concerning the etiopathogenesis of CSF are scarce, diffuse atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction are thought to play important roles. It has been suggested that a high plasma thrombomodulin (TM) level seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Objectives: We hypothesized that a high plasma TM level might be associated with CSF and aimed to research the relationship between plasma TM level and CSF. Methods: Fifty-two CSF patients with angiographically proven CSF and 44 cases with normal coronary flow were included in this study. Coronary flow velocity was determined by the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method. Plasma TM levels were measured in all the study subjects. Results: Plasma TM levels were significantly higher in the CSF group compared to the control group (3.9 ± 0.5 vs. 3.6 ± 0.3 ng/mL, p = 0.01). There was a positive relationship (r = 0.31, p = 0.002) between plasma TM level and mean TIMI frame count (TFC). Factors associated with mean TFC were plasma TM level (β = 0.206, p = 0.038) and red cell distribution width (β = 0.088, p = 0.009) in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: Patients with CSF have a higher plasma TM level, and this may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CSF. An elevated plasma TM level may be a predictor of CSF. Future studies are needed to confirm these results.
Administration of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Inhibitor, TRO40303, prior to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Does Not Affect the Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines or Acute-Phase Proteins
Authors: Butt Noreen , Bache-Mathiesen Lena K. , Nordrehaug Jan Erik , Tuseth Vegard , Munk Peter Scott , Bonarjee Vernon , Hall Trygve Sundby , Jensen Svend Eggert , Halvorsen Sigrun , Firat Huseyin , Atar Dan , Larsen Alf Inge
Published: June 2017

Objectives: In the MITOCARE study, reperfusion injury was not prevented after administration of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening inhibitor, TRO40303, in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The effects of TRO40303 on pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins were assessed. Methods: STEMI patients (n = 163, mean age 62 years) with chest pain within 6 h before admission for pPCI were randomized to intravenous bolus of TRO40303 (n = 83) or placebo (n = 80) prior to reperfusion. We tested whether the groups differed in levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein at various time points (0, 12, and 72 h) after PCI. Further, potential differences between groups in the change of biomarker levels between 0 and 72 h, 0 and 12 h, and 12 and 72 h were tested. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, neither in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines nor in levels of acute-phase proteins, and there were no statistically significant differences in the change of biomarker levels between the groups considering the time intervals from 0 to 72 h, from 0 to 12 h, and from 12 to 72 h. Conclusion: The administration of the mPTP, TRO40303, prior to reperfusion does not alter the pharmacokinetics of pro-inflammatory cytokines or acute-phase proteins during the first 72 h after PCI.
Electrical Potential of Leaping Eels
Authors: Catania Kenneth C.
Published: June 2017

When approached by a large, partially submerged conductor, electric eels (Electrophorus electricus) will often defend themselves by leaping from the water to directly shock the threat. Presumably, the conductor is interpreted as an approaching terrestrial or semiaquatic animal. In the course of this defensive behavior, eels first make direct contact with their lower jaw and then rapidly emerge from the water, ascending the conductor while discharging high-voltage volleys. In this study, the equivalent circuit that develops during this behavior was proposed and investigated. First, the electromotive force and internal resistance of four electric eels were determined. These values were then used to estimate the resistance of the water volume between the eel and the conductor by making direct measurements of current with the eel and water in the circuit. The resistance of the return path from the eel's lower jaw to the main body of water was then determined, based on voltage recordings, for each electric eel at the height of the defensive leap. Finally, the addition of a hypothetical target for the leaping defense was considered as part of the circuit. The results suggest the defensive behavior efficiently directs electrical current through the threat, producing an aversive and deterring experience by activating afferents in potential predators.
СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ СТАТУС ХВОРИХ НА ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА ВИБІР МЕТОДИКИ ЛІКУВАННЯ І ШЛЯХИ ГОСПІТАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Terenda N. O.
Published: June 2017

Мета – вивчити вплив соціального статусу хворих на інфаркт міокарда (ІМ) на шляхи госпіталізації та методи лікування даного захворювання.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано дані з медичних карт стаціонарного хворого. Використано методи: викопіювання даних, статистичний, аналітичний.Результати. Для проведення дослідження відібрали три групи пацієнтів з діагностованим ІМ, яким було проведено стентування коронарних артерій (СКА) (перша група), тромболітичну терапію (ТЛТ) (друга група) та традиційне лікування (третя група). При аналізі шляхів направлення хворих на госпіталізацію виявлено, що особи першої та другої груп найчастіше доставлялися на стаціонарне лікування бригадою екстреної медичної допомоги (ЕМД). Вивчення соціального статусу пацієнтів з ІМ виявило значне переважання осіб пенсійного віку (57,8%) над іншими категоріями.Висновки. Встановлено, що хворі з ІМ, яким проводили СКА, найчастіше поступали в лікувальний заклад за направленням бригади ЕМД або інших лікувально-профілактичних закладів. Хворі на ІМ, яким проводили ТЛТ, також переважно були госпіталізовані за направленням бригади ЕМД. Особам пенсійного віку достовірно менше проводили СКА та ТЛТ і вони часто поступали на стаціонарне лікування за направленням лікарів амбулаторно-поліклінічних закладів.
АНАЛІЗ КАДРОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ТА ПРИНЦИПІВ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ДЛЯ СЛУЖБИ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Gruzieva T. S. , Galiyenko I. L. , Аntonyuk O. Ya. , Vlasenko S. V.
Published: June 2017

Мета: обґрунтування кадрового забезпечення служби громадського здоров’я України в умовах реформування галузі.Матеріали і методи. Вивчалися дані державної статистичної звітності, бази «ЗДВ» Європейського регіонального бюро ВООЗ, World Health Statistics 2016. Використано методи: статистичний, бібліосемантичний, експертних оцінок, системного підходу. Результати. Аналіз кадрового забезпечення охорони здоров’я України свідчить про скорочення показників забезпечення населення лікарями, у т.ч. спеціалістами санітарно-гігієнічного та епідеміологічного профілю. Впродовж 2010–2015 рр. забезпеченість лікарями зменшилася на 16,3%, у т.ч. санітарними лікарями – на 14,7%.На основі аналізу контингенту студентів, які навчалися в 2015 р. за спеціальністю «Медико-профілактична справа» у ВМНЗ України на додипломному рівні, було встановлено, що план підготовки за державним замовленням протягом останніх трьох років зменшено майже втричі. Спеціальність «Громадське здоров’я» включено до переліку галузей знань і спеціальностей, за якими здійснюється підготовка здобувачів вищої освіти. Проте підготовка магістрів громадського здоров’я здійснюється лише в одному немедичному ВНЗ України, лише за спеціальністю «Менеджмент організацій і адміністрування (в охороні здоров’я)», що не забезпечує сучасні потреби галузі та суспільства.Аналіз європейського досвіду виявив, що в країнах Європейського союзу відсутня єдина програма підготовки таких фахівців, а посадові обов’язки і фахові вимоги для підготовки спеціалістів суттєво відрізняються в кожній окремій країні.Висновки. З огляду на існуючі виклики і загрози для громадського здоров’я, глобальні тенденції та національний контекст, необхідним є формування нових інституційних структур з підготовки фахівців громадського здоров’я, обґрунтування і розробка нових навчальних планів підготовки магістрів громадського здоров’я.
Empathic Differences in Men Who Witnessed Animal Abuse
Authors: Daly Beth , Morton L.L.
Published: June 2017

This study draws on diverse research results from investigating the relationship between experiences with nonhuman animal abuse and empathy. We examined whether 108 men with a history of animal abuse showed differences between cognitive (perspective-taking) and affective (emotional) empathy. The effects related to three levels (never, once, multiple times) of witnessing the killing of animals and witnessing the torture of animals. Individuals who witnessed abuse were higher in cognitive empathy than affective empathy. This supports previous findings for a “dissociation hypothesis,” which suggests exposure to animal abuse may mediate between emotional and cognitive empathy. Therefore, it may be beneficial for an individual to have the ability to detach cognitive from emotional empathy—particularly those in careers related to animal welfare and veterinary care. An absence of emotional empathy may also lead to a callous or dismissive attitude to people in need. We sought an appropriate balance of the two.
Efficacy of a Multicomponent Intervention with Animal-Assisted Therapy for Socially Withdrawn Youth in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Paul W.C. , Yu Rose W.M. , Li Tim M.H. , Lai Steven L.H. , Ng Henry Y.H. , Fan William T.W.
Published: June 2017

This is an evaluation study of a pilot multicomponent program with animal-assisted therapy (AAT) for socially withdrawn youth with or without mental health problems in Hong Kong. There were fifty-six participants. Decreased level of social anxiety, and increased levels of perceived employability and self-esteem across two withdrawn groups were observed. When comparing those who did and did not receive the AAT component(s), however, AAT did not seem to have additional impacts on outcomes. The qualitative data collected through interviews with ten participants reflected that the AAT component was attractive because the nonhuman animals made them feel respected and loved. This pilot study showed that a multicomponent program with a case management model correlated with increased levels of self-esteem and perceived employability, and a decreased level of social interaction anxiety. In addition, using nonhuman animals in a social service setting appears to be a good strategy to engage difficult-to-engage young people.
New species and stages description of Ulmeritoides Traver, 1959 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Roraima State, Northern Brazil
Authors: BOLDRINI R. , LIMA L.R.C.
Published: June 2017

A new species of Ulmeritoides Traver, 1959 is described based on all life stages from Roraima State, Northern Brazil. U. amajari sp. nov. has a forewing coloration and penis shape similar to that of the widespread species U. uruguayensis (Traver) but it differs from the latter by the shape of the penis lobe apex in the male imago and by the lines of pectinate setae on the ventral surface of tibia III, in the nymph. The descriptions of nymph and female imago of U. passorum Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2014 are also presented.
Taxonomic review of the genus Dascillus Latreille, 1797 in the Western Palaearctic (Coleoptera: Dascillidae)
Authors: TERZANI FABIO , CECCOLINI FILIPPO , HÁJEK JIŘÍ , CIANFERONI FABIO
Published: June 2017

The genus Dascillus Latreille, 1797 in the Western Palaearctic is reviewed by examination of nearly 1,000 specimens, predominantly from Italy, but also other European and Western Asian countries. The study of external morphology and male genitalia shows high variability in all previously used diagnostic characters, which does not enable unambiguous characterisation of currently recognised species. Therefore, we retain a single valid species in the Western Palaearctic—Dascillus cervinus (Linnaeus, 1758) of which we designate the lectorype, and establish its following new synonymies: Dascillus sicanus Fairmaire, 1861 syn. nov., Atopa elongata Faldermann, 1835 syn. nov. Consequently, the following taxa previously synonymised with Dascillus elongatus (D. elongatus var. obscuricollis Pic, 1908 and D. elongatus var. ruficollis Pic, 1908) and D. sicanus (D. parallelus Dohrn, 1872 and D. aprutianus Depoli, 1936) are now considered as synonyms of D. cervinus as well. First records of D. cervinus for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, and some Italian regions are given.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Protorhoe Herbulot, 1951 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae), new taxonomic changes and
description of two new species
Authors: RAJAEI HOSSEIN , STADIE DIRK , HAUSMANN AXEL
Published: June 2017

We highlight the diagnostic characters of the genus Protorhoe Herbulot, 1951. Wing pattern and genitalia of all known Protorhoe species are illustrated and their distribution data are shown on maps. Cidaria avetianae Vardikian, 1974 is synonymized with P. unicata (Guenée, 1858) (syn. n.), Cidaria unicata centralisata Staudinger, 1892 is raised from subspecies (of P. unicata) to species rank (stat. n.), and P. tangaba (Wiltshire, 1952) is transferred from Catarhoe to the genus Protorhoe (comb. n.). Two species are described as new to the science from Turkey: P. drechseli sp. n. and P. beshkovi sp. n. As result, the number of species in thegenus Protorhoe was raised from six to nine.
Crime prevention and reduction programs: How does knowing about community initiatives moderate attitudes towards criminal victimisation?
Authors: Chataway Michael L , Hart Timothy C
Published: June 2017

The current study examines the association between fear of crime and awareness of community programs designed to prevent or reduce crime and social disorder. Data were collected from a community survey of household residents living on the Gold Coast of Australia ( N = 713). Results indicate that those reportedly aware of community initiatives, fear property crime and crimes against persons differently than those reportedly unaware of them. For fear of personal victimisation, awareness of crime prevention programs within an area weakened relationships between (a) perceptions of incivility and social cohesion; (b) perceptions of the consequences of victimisation and likelihood of victimisation; and (c) perceptions of the likelihood of victimisation and worry about personal crime. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications on future research, and strategies for developing crime prevention and fear reduction programs that maximise the positive effects on attitudes towards crime, while minimising their unintended consequences, are also offered.
Can you snooze your way to an ‘A’? Exploring the complex relationship between sleep, autonomic activity, wellbeing and performance in medical students
Authors: Cvejic Erin , Huang Shiny , Vollmer-Conna Uté
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Medical training brings with it multiple stressors, including demanding workloads in highly competitive environments, with well-documented impact on psychiatric morbidity. This study evaluated the impact of sleep-related factors on psychological wellbeing, cognitive task performance and academic standing in medical students.

Methods:

A total of 59 undergraduate medical students took part in this cross-sectional study over two consecutive days. Participants responded to questionnaires about their physical and psychological health, sleep, functioning and academic performance at the initial visit. Participants then wore an ambulatory bioharness overnight (to derive heart rate variability measures), before returning to complete a computerised battery of cognitive tasks. A sleep diary was completed for the next 7 days.

Results:

Poor sleep quality in the month preceding assessment correlated with psychological distress ( p < 0.001) and reduced nocturnal heart rate variability ( p = 0.007). Psychological distress also correlated with reduced nocturnal heart rate variability ( p = 0.031) and less refreshing sleep during the monitoring week ( p < 0.001), but not with sleep timing parameters. A greater increase in heart rate variability during the transition from awake to sleep significantly predicted better spontaneous cognitive performance ( p = 0.021). Better academic standing was predicted by consistently short, less refreshing sleep (all p < 0.001), along with earlier bedtimes ( p = 0.004) and greater psychological wellbeing ( p = 0.009).

Conclusion:

Unrefreshing, short-duration sleep and psychological distress are prevalent in medical students during university training and were associated with reduced nocturnal parasympathetic autonomic activity. Achieving higher academic grades was associated with high psychological wellbeing despite consistently short, unrefreshing sleep. The long-term repercussions of such sleep behaviours on later professional functioning remain unclear, warranting further research.
Education in Prison and the Self-Stigma: Empowerment Continuum
Authors: Evans Douglas N. , Pelletier Emily , Szkola Jason
Published: June 2017

A criminal conviction results in consequences that extend beyond incarceration. Self-stigmatization is a negative consequence that many formerly individuals experience. It manifests in low self-esteem and personal barriers to reentry. This study explores higher education programs in prison as a moderator of self-stigma. Using qualitative interviews, this study investigated the perceptions of formerly incarcerated individuals who participated in higher education in prison in regard to the ways in which incarceration and education affected their self-stigma. Results indicate that incarceration influences self-stigma, but education enhances a sense of empowerment and motivation to resist the negative effects of self-stigma. Reducing the stigmatization of formerly incarcerated individuals is important because if they view themselves positively, it can improve their reentry and life trajectory.
Too Much, Too Soon? Unanswered Questions From National Response to Intervention Evaluation
Authors: Gersten Russell , Jayanthi Madhavi , Dimino Joseph
Published: June 2017

The report of the national response to intervention (RTI) evaluation study, conducted during 2011–2012, was released in November 2015. Anyone who has read the lengthy report can attest to its complexity and the design used in the study. Both these factors can influence the interpretation of the results from this evaluation. In this commentary, we (a) explain what the national RTI evaluation examined and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the design, (b) clarify the results of the evaluation and highlight some key implementation issues, (c) describe how rigorous efficacy trials on reading interventions can supplement several issues left unanswered by the national evaluation, and (d) discuss implications for future research and practice based on the findings of the national evaluation and reading intervention research.
Retrenched Welfare Regimes Still Lessen Social Class Inequalities in Health
Authors: Muntaner C. , Davis O. , McIsaack K. , Kokkinen L. , Shankardass K. , O’Campo P.
Published: June 2017

This article builds on recent work that has explored how welfare regimes moderate social class inequalities in health. It extends research to date by using longitudinal data from the EU-SILC (2003–2010) and examines how the relationship between social class and self-reported health and chronic conditions varies across 23 countries, which are split into five welfare regimes (Nordic, Anglo-Saxon, Eastern, Southern, and Continental). Our analysis finds that health across all classes was only worse in Eastern Europe (compared with the Nordic countries). In contrast, we find evidence that the social class gradient in both measures of health was significantly wider in the Anglo-Saxon and Southern regimes. We suggest that this evidence supports the notion that welfare regimes continue to explain differences in health according to social class location. We therefore argue that although downward pressures from globalization and neoliberalism have blurred welfare regime typologies, the Nordic model may continue to have an important mediating effect on class-based inequalities in health.
Robust global second-order sliding mode control with adaptive parameter-tuning law for perturbed dynamical systems
Authors: Mobayen Saleh , Tchier Fairouz
Published: June 2017

This paper offers an adaptive global second-order sliding surface for perturbed dynamical systems with matched and unmatched external disturbances. Based on the composite nonlinear feedback theory, a nonlinear function Ψ( x1) is employed in the switching surface to adjust the damping ratio of the controlled system. Initially, using a constant gain matrix, a small value of the damping ratio is achieved presenting a fast performance. As the system state converges to the origin, the damping ratio of the closed-loop system is increased that yields fast settling time and a low overshoot. A novel smooth and chattering-free controller is proposed to fulfill the removal of the reaching mode and the existence of the sliding behavior around the surface from the beginning. The adaptive gain tuning controller reduces the required information for the upper bound of disturbances. Moreover, the selection of the constant parameters μ1 and τ1 for the control law is turned into a cost function and solved by a particle swarm optimization method. Several criteria are derived to assure the robust stability of the uncertain dynamical system. Some simulations are offered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the planned technique.
Optimal power tracking of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine using swarm moth–flame optimizer
Authors: Huang LN , Yang B , Zhang XS , Yin LF , Yu T , Fang ZH
Published: June 2017

This paper proposes a novel swarm moth–flame optimizer (SMFO) to obtain the optimal parameters of four interacting proportional–integral (PI) loops of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine, so that maximum power point tracking (MPPT) may be achieved together with an improved fault ride-through (FRT) capability. The SMFO is inspired by a moth swarm encircling a flame at night, in which each flame is simultaneously encircled by multiple moths for a greater exploitation, whereas the flame with a higher brightness (i.e. a smaller fitness function) will attract more moths than those of its adjacent flames. In order to achieve a wider exploration, a ring network is then constructed among the flames such that the moths may be guided to search for a brighter flame more effectively. Three case studies are undertaken, which verify that an improved global convergence, more optimal power tracking and enhanced FRT capability may be achieved by SMFO compared with those of existing meta-heuristic techniques.
An exploratory study of information sources and key findings on UK cocaine-related deaths
Authors: Corkery John M , Claridge Hugh , Goodair Christine , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: June 2017

Cocaine-related deaths have increased since the early 1990s in Europe, including the UK. Being multi-factorial, they are difficult to define, detect and record. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction commissioned research to: describe trends reported to Special Mortality Registries and General Mortality Registers; provide demographic and drug-use characteristic information of cases; and establish how deaths are identified and classified. A questionnaire was developed and piloted amongst all European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Focal Point experts/Special Mortality Registries: 19 (63%) responded; nine countries provided aggregated data. UK General Mortality Registers use cause of death and toxicology to identify cocaine-related deaths. Categorisation is based on International Classification of Diseases codes. Special Mortality Registries use toxicology, autopsy, evidence and cause of death. The cocaine metabolites commonly screened for are: benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, cocaethylene and ecgonine. The 2000s saw a generally accelerating upward trend in cases, followed by a decline in 2009. The UK recorded 2700–2900 deaths during 1998–2012. UK Special Mortality Registry data (2005–2009) indicate: 25–44 year-olds account for 74% of deaths; mean age=34 (range 15–81) years; 84% male. Cocaine overdoses account for two-thirds of cases; cocaine alone being mentioned/implicated in 23% in the UK. Opioids are involved in most (58%) cocaine overdose cases.
Accuracy of the diagnostic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma with LI-RADS
Authors: Liu Weimin , Qin Jie , Guo Ruomi , Xie Sidong , Jiang Hang , Wang Xiaohong , Kang Zhuang , Wang Jin , Shan Hong
Published: June 2017

Background

There are few studies about the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS), which was developed with the purpose of standardizing the interpretation and reporting of liver imaging examinations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HCC diagnosis using LI-RADS.

Material and Methods

The computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical data of 297 lesions in 249 patients between June 2012 and August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Using LI-RADS 2014, two radiologists evaluated the lesions and a LI-RADS category was retrospectively assigned to each nodule.

Results

The final diagnoses of 297 nodules in 249 patients consisted of 191 malignant and 106 benign lesions. Out of 44 LI-RADS category 1 lesions, none were HCCs. However, 2/25 category 2 lesions, 3/35 category 3 lesions, 16/25 category 4 lesions, 151/156 category 5 lesions, and 3/12 category LRM/OM (probable malignancy, not specific for HCC/other malignancy) lesions were HCCs. The Kappa value was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39–0.49) between two observers during LI-RADS grading.

Conclusion

The negative predictive value of LI-RADS category 1 was 100%. In addition, a relevant proportion of lesions categorized as category 2 or 3, or even as other malignancies, were HCCs. LI-RADS category 5 had a high specificity for HCC. LI-RADS was not able to give a differential diagnosis for the false-positive lesions of LI-RADS category 5.
Knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction in coronary computed tomography angiography: comparison with hybrid iterative reconstruction and filtered back projection
Authors: Cha Min Jae , Seo Jae Seung , Yoo Dong Soo , Chong Semin
Published: June 2017

Background

Knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) is known to allow radiation dose reduction while preserving image quality.

Purpose

To investigate the effect of IMR on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) by comparing it with filtered back projection (FBP) and hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR).

Material and Methods

Forty-five patients (group A) who underwent CCTA with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG) triggering at 80 kVp were included. All images were reconstructed using three algorithms: FBP, HIR, and IMR. The control group comprised 45 patients (group B) who underwent CCTA at 100 kVp; their images were reconstructed with HIR alone. Objective and subjective image quality was assessed by two radiologists.

Results

In group A, the signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were significantly higher for images reconstructed with IMR than with HIR or FBP ( P < 0.001). IMR was also superior to HIR and FBP in subjective image quality analyses, including image noise, vessel sharpness, beam-hardening artifact, and overall quality ( P < 0.001). Moreover, the images reconstructed using IMR in group A had superior image quality with less radiation exposure than those reconstructed using HIR in group B on both objective and subjective analyses ( P < 0.001). The mean attenuation values were also significantly higher in group A than in group B ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Compared with HIR and FBP, IMR provided higher quality images with less radiation exposure in CCTA, using low kilovoltage and prospective ECG triggering.
Status discrepancy as a driver of residential mobility: Evidence from Oslo
Authors: Galster George , Turner Lena Magnusson
Published: June 2017

Planners have long advocated for “social mix” in neighborhoods without clear evidence that such mixing is stable over time. Indeed, if some groups perceive an intolerable discrepancy between their own economic status and that of their neighbors they may leave the neighborhood, thereby frustrating planners’ goals. We conduct a longitudinal analysis of Oslo household intrametropolitan residential mobility employing a panel model with fixed effects for both households and neighborhoods and interactions for status groups, which provides estimates of plausible causal effects. We theoretically and empirically identify two dimensions of intraneighborhood status discrepancy that prove important predictors of leaving a neighborhood, though impacts differ strongly depending on household income status as defined by Oslo-wide standards. More extreme relative standing above the neighborhood median income promotes exit (especially for low- and middle-status households), suggesting a status signaling motive. For high-status households, being below the median neighborhood income proves influential for out-mobility, suggesting a relative deprivation motive. The overall status composition of the neighborhood is a powerful mobility influence for both low- and high-status households, suggesting a strong preference for homophily. Results imply that policy-generated introduction of low-status households will encourage the exit of high- and, to a lesser degree, middle-status neighbors.
Shadow Plays: Theory’s Perennial Challenges
Authors: Ermakoff Ivan
Published: June 2017

This article argues that theory holds its ground when it confronts itself with the empirics of its claims and this confrontation is geared to the project of increasing analytical specificity. This means (1) shedding as much light as possible on the very process whereby a type of outcome gets generated or takes shape and (2) identifying the factors that condition the likelihood of this process. From this perspective, sound theorizing is predicated on both empirical grounding and analytical specificity. Combined together, these two requirements constitute the epistemic matrix of claims and concepts geared to cumulative knowledge.
Intersectionality and Credibility in Child Sexual Assault Trials
Authors: Powell Amber Joy , Hlavka Heather R. , Mulla Sameena
Published: June 2017

Children remain largely absent from sociolegal scholarship on sexual violence. Taking an intersectional approach to the analysis of attorneys’ strategies during child sexual assault trials, this article argues that legal narratives draw on existing gender, racial, and age stereotypes to present legally compelling evidence of credibility. This work builds on Crenshaw’s focus on women of color, emphasizing the role of structures of power and inequality in constituting the conditions of children’s experiences of adjudication. Using ethnographic observations of courtroom jury trials, transcripts, and court records, three narrative themes of child credibility emerged: invisible wounds, rebellious adolescents, and dysfunctional families. Findings show how attorneys use these themes to emphasize the child’s unmarked body, imperceptible emotional responses, rebellious character, and harmful familial environments. The current study fills a gap in sexual assault research by moving beyond trial outcomes to address cultural narratives within the court that are inextricably embedded in intersectional dimensions of power and the reproduction of social status.
FE simulation of linear and elliptical ultrasonic vibrations in turning of Inconel 718
Authors: Lotfi Mohammad , Amini Saeid
Published: June 2017

Utilization of ultrasonic vibrations in turning operation is an advanced method to improve processing of materials. The aim of the present study was to develop a finite element model in order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on machinability factors in turning of Inconel 718. Conventional turning in addition to linear and elliptical ultrasonic-assisted turning were simulated and the effect of these processes on cutting forces, shear angle, chip thickness, sticky zone, and temperature distributed on tool rake face was analyzed. Besides, the experimental tests were conducted and the cutting forces have been measured to validate the simulation outputs. As a result, analysis of chip formation shows that the values higher than 45° for shear angle is achieved when elliptical vibration is added to the cutting process. Furthermore, increase of shear angle coupled with decrease of temperature on tool rake face causes the sticky zone in tool–chip contact length to be reduced compared to the conventional turning. Moreover, the influence of cutting speed on tool–chip engagement time in ultrasonic-assisted turning is simulated.
Effectiveness of a 10-week group program based on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy skills among patients with personality and mood disorders: findings from a pilot study
Authors: Conrad Agatha M , Sankaranarayanan Anoop , Lewin Terry J , Dunbar Anna
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

Community mental health services are often required to manage people experiencing repeated crises. Personality disorders are not uncommon, accounting for up to one-third of such presentations. These patients are often difficult to treat, leading to a revolving-door phenomenon. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a pilot intervention in reducing psychological symptoms and distress, and examined the impact of the intervention on mental health service utilization.

Methods:

A pre- versus post-treatment evaluation was conducted of the effectiveness of a 10-week group psychological intervention based on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy skills, conducted in a regional Australian community mental health service with patients diagnosed with either Cluster B personality disorder or a mood disorder.

Results:

Of those who completed the program ( N = 38 patients), 84% were female, with an average age of 35.13 years. Participants were active clients of the service for an average of 58.3 weeks prior to the program. They demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life and self-control, and a reduction in hopelessness, cognitive instability and dependence on mental health services.

Conclusions:

Limiting the Dialectical Behaviour Therapy program to a short-term skills-based group component was successful with the targeted patient group; however, more research is required to establish the generalizability of these results.
Sensory profile of sheep cheeses during a six-month storage period as evaluated by consumers
Authors: Gámbaro Adriana , Maceiras Lucía , Erramouspe Florencia , Nógues Lucía , Callejas Nicolás , Vieitez Ignacio
Published: June 2017

Over the past decade, the use of check-all-that-apply questions has become an easier and faster alternative to traditional sensory profiles using trained assessors, allowing the characterisation of a product by consumers. In this study, 65 consumers evaluated the acceptability of six artisan Uruguayan sheep cheese samples during a six-month storage period, providing a descriptive profile using a check-all-that-apply questionnaire consisting of 32 sensory and non-sensory terms. Although the acceptability of five of the six samples was not modified during storage, the consumers were able to perceive changes in the texture and flavour of products, providing a sensory profile of the cheeses. The categories s trange flavour, animal odour, strange odour, bitter and acidic were associated with negative terms such as bad quality and unpleasant flavour, whereas salty and tasty appeared to be related to positive terms including good quality, pleasant flavour and delicious. Therefore, for the Uruguayan consumer, preference for this type of product appears to be mainly conditioned by the flavour perceived in these cheeses, rather than their texture attributes.
Safety of IV pulse methylprednisolone therapy during breastfeeding in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Boz Cavit , Terzi Murat , Zengin Karahan Serap , Sen Sedat , Sarac Yasemin , Emrah Mavis Murat
Published: June 2017

Background:

Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience an increased risk of relapse in the postpartum period. High-dose methylprednisolone is the first-line treatment for acute relapses.

Objectives:

To determine the transfer of methylprednisolone into human milk in breastfeeding MS patients.

Methods:

Methylprednisolone therapy was given for postpartum relapse to nine patients for three consecutive days, and seven patients received a daily infusion once a month. Breast milk samples were obtained before infusion and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after completion of infusion.

Results:

Methylprednisolone concentrations in milk were below detection limits immediately before infusion. Cmax was measured at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after infusion and levels of 2.100, 1.659, 0.680, 0.174, and 0.102 µg/mL were determined, respectively. The absolute infant dose was 98.98 µg/kg/day, and the relative infant dose (RID) was 0.71% of the weight-adjusted maternal dose.

Conclusion:

The level of methylprednisolone transfer into breast milk is very low. The RID for methylprednisolone was lower than the generally accepted value. As methylprednisolone therapy is of short duration, infant exposure would be very low should a mother choose to breastfeed 1 hour after infusion. Waiting 2–4 hours after infusion will limit infant exposure still further.
Differences in teachers’ satisfaction with indoor environmental quality and their well-being in new, renovated and non-renovated schools
Authors: Sadick Abdul-Manan , Issa Mohamed H.
Published: June 2017

Most studies on buildings’ renovations in relation to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and occupants’ well-being have focused on offices, while those investigating schools focused on students rather than teachers. Most of these studies limited their assessment of well-being to occupants’ satisfaction with IEQ factors, overlooking essential aspects related to psychological, social and physical well-being. This article presents results of a research conducted in 32 schools in Manitoba, Canada, to assess teachers’ IEQ satisfaction and well-being in new, renovated and non-renovated schools. The research involved adapting and refining an IEQ satisfaction survey and developing and refining three new surveys to assess teachers’ psychological, social and physical well-being. The results of the refined surveys showed statistically significant differences in teachers’ satisfaction with IEQ factors between the new and renovated schools on one hand and the non-renovated ones on the other. However, no statistically significant differences were found in teachers’ psychological, social and physical well-being perceptions between all pairs of the three school categories analysed. Association analyses suggested a potential indirect impact of schools’ renovations on teachers’ well-being via their satisfaction with IEQ. The results of this study should aid school managers in making strategic decisions about the maintenance of their existing schools.
Powers of Powerlessness: The Politics of Defeat in the Cinema of Nouri Bouzid
Authors: Gana Nouri
Published: June 2017

This article examines the cultural politics of defeat in the cinema of Tunisian filmmaker Nouri Bouzid. Taking a lead from Bouzid’s directorial début Man of Ashes, the author focuses on Golden Horseshoes (1989) and Making of (2006), the two films that best dramatize the continuities between the crisis of filiation and the crisis of affiliation, and that deal head-on with left-wing (socialism) and right-wing (religious fundamentalism) ideologies. These two early films paint the broad strokes of Bouzid’s cinematic project, specifically its entwined dramatization of the crisis of filiation ( Man of Ashes) and the crisis of affiliation ( Golden Horseshoes), the profound loss of any discernible project of psychoaffective investiture, intellectual commitment and decolonial resistance, especially in the wake of the spectacular dissolution of international socialism and the ensuing triumphalism of global capitalism and financial imperialism.
Avoidance of urinary catheterization to minimize in-hospital complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: An observational study
Authors: Lauck Sandra B , Kwon Jae-Yung , Wood David A , Baumbusch Jennifer , Norekvål Tone M , Htun Nay , Stephenson Leo , Webb John G
Published: June 2017

Background:

Contemporary transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) devices and approach present opportunities to review historical practices initially informed by early treatment development and cardiac surgery. The avoidance of urinary catheterization in the older TAVI population is a strategy to minimize in-hospital complications. The purpose of the study was to explore elimination-related complications following the phased implementation of a default strategy of avoiding urinary catheterization in patients undergoing transfemoral (TF) TAVI.

Methods:

We conducted an observational study using a retrospective chart review of patients treated between 2011 and 2013 to identify patient characteristics, peri-procedure details, in-hospital outcomes and elimination-related complications in patients who did or did not receive a peri-procedure indwelling catheter. Descriptive analyses were used to report differences between the groups; we conducted a regression analysis to explore the relationship between the practice of urinary catheterization and total procedure time.

Results:

Of the 408 patients who underwent TF TAVR, 188 (46.1%) received a peri-procedure indwelling urinary catheter and 220 (53.9%) did not. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality (2.2%), disabling stroke (0.5%), or other major cardiac adverse events. The avoidance of a urinary catheter resulted in significantly lower rates of urinary tract infection requiring a new antibiotic regimen (1.4% versus 6.1%, p = 0.014), haematuria documented by medicine or nursing (3.7% versus 17.6%, p = 0.001), and the need for continuous bladder irrigation (2.7% versus 0%, p = 0.027).

Conclusion:

The avoidance of a urinary catheter may contribute to improved outcomes in patients undergoing TAVI. The intervention should be further evaluated within the broader study of minimalist TAVI.
The structural and tensile properties of glass/polyester co-wrapped hybrid yarns
Authors: Mirdehghan Abolfazl , Nosraty Hooshang , Shokrieh Mahmood M , Akhbari Mehdi
Published: June 2017

This research describes the structural and tensile properties of glass/polyester hybrid yarns produced by co-wrapped and side-by-side technologies. Based on co-wrapping technology, the hybrid yarn is composed of polyester and glass fibers as shell and core structure, respectively. In order to produce this type of yarn, a new machine was designed and manufactured to investigate the influence of linear densities (16, 50.67, and 67.11 tex) and wrapping densities (115, 180, and 230 turns/m) of polyester fibers. It was found that the linear and wrapping densities have a significant effect on the structural and tensile properties of the final hybrid yarn. In order to compare, another type of hybrid yarn was also been investigated by hybridization of glass and polyester fibers (16, 50.67, and 67.11 tex) via side-by-side method. In comparison with the side-by-side and single glass yarns, the co-wrapped yarns have higher breaking load and tenacity due to the lateral compression force of the wrapped filament. The results show a 62% increase in breaking load of co-wrapped hybrid yarns in comparison with the side-by-side and single glass yarns.