bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speculations Linking Monazite Compositions to Origin: Llallagua Tin Ore Deposit (Bolivia)
Authors: Catlos Elizabeth , Miller Nathan
Published: August 2017

Monazite [(Ce,Th)PO4] from the Llallagua tin ore deposit in Bolivia is characterized by low radiogenic element contents. Previously reported field evidence and mineral associations suggest the mineral formed via direct precipitation from hydrothermal fluids. Monazite compositions thus may provide insight into characteristics of the fluids from which it formed. Chemical compositions of three Llallagua monazite grains were obtained using Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), n = 64] and laser ablation mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS, n = 56). The mineral has higher amounts of U (123 ± 17 ppm) than Th (39 ± 20 ppm) (LA-ICP-MS, ±1σ). Grains have the highest amounts of fluorine ever reported for monazite (0.88 ± 0.10 wt %, EPMA, ±1σ), and F-rich fluids are effective mobilizers of rare earth elements (REEs), Y, and Th. The monazite has high Eu contents and positive Eu anomalies, consistent with formation in a highly-reducing back-arc environment. We speculate that F, Ca, Si and REE may have been supplied via dissolution of pre-existing fluorapatite. Llallagua monazite oscillatory zoning is controlled by an interplay of low (P + Ca + Si + Y) and high atomic number (REE) elements. We suggest monazite compositions provide insight into fluid geochemistry, mineral reactions, and tectonic settings of ore deposits that contain the mineral.
Transferability of Economy Estimation Based on DMSP/OLS Night-Time Light
Authors: Qi Kun , Hu Yi’na , Cheng Chengqi , Chen Bo
Published: August 2017

Despite the fact that economic data are of great significance in the assessment of human socioeconomic development, the application of this data has been hindered partly due to the unreliable and inefficient economic censuses conducted in developing countries. The night-time light (NTL) imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) provides one of the most important ways to evaluate an economy with low cost and high efficiency. However, little research has addressed the transferability of the estimation across years. Based on the entire DN series from 0 to 63 of NTL data and GDP data in 31 provinces of mainland China from 2000 to 2012, this paper aims to study the transferability of economy estimation across years, with four linear and non-linear data mining methods, including the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Local Weighted Regression (LWR), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), and Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR). We firstly built up the GDP estimation model based on the NTL data in each year with each method respectively, then applied each model to the other 12 years for the evaluation of the time series transferability. Results revealed that the performances of models differ greatly across years and methods: PLSR (mean of ) and SVMR (mean of ) are superior to MLR (mean of ) and LWR (mean of ) for model calibration; only PLSR (mean of , mean of ) holds a strong transferability among different years; the frequency of three DN sections of (0–1), (4–16), and (57–63) are especially important for economy estimation. Such results are expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the NTL, which can be used for economy estimation across years.
Local Geometric Structure Feature for Dimensionality Reduction of Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Luo Fulin , Huang Hong , Duan Yule , Liu Jiamin , Liao Yinghua
Published: August 2017

Marginal Fisher analysis (MFA) exploits the margin criterion to compact the intraclass data and separate the interclass data, and it is very useful to analyze the high-dimensional data. However, MFA just considers the structure relationships of neighbor points, and it cannot effectively represent the intrinsic structure of hyperspectral imagery (HSI) that possesses many homogenous areas. In this paper, we propose a new dimensionality reduction (DR) method, termed local geometric structure Fisher analysis (LGSFA), for HSI classification. Firstly, LGSFA uses the intraclass neighbor points of each point to compute its reconstruction point. Then, an intrinsic graph and a penalty graph are constructed to reveal the intraclass and interclass properties of hyperspectral data. Finally, the neighbor points and corresponding intraclass reconstruction points are used to enhance the intraclass-manifold compactness and the interclass-manifold separability. LGSFA can effectively reveal the intrinsic manifold structure and obtain the discriminating features of HSI data for classification. Experiments on the Salinas, Indian Pines, and Urban data sets show that the proposed LGSFA algorithm achieves the best classification results than other state-of-the-art methods.
Gender, Madness, Religion, and Iranian-American Identity: Observations on a 2006 Murder Trial in Williamsport, Pennsylvania
Authors: Amin Camron
Published: August 2017

Using participant observation, oral history interviews, and a study of court transcripts, Internet chats, and press coverage of a 2006 murder trial of an Iranian-American man in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, we can better appreciate the dynamic intersection of ethnicity, religion, and gender in constructing the social identity of Iranian-Americans. Brian Hosayn Yasipour, who immigrated to the United States in 1969, was convicted of murder in the third degree for killing his four-year-old daughter in 2001 during a custody dispute with his estranged, Iranian-born wife. He managed to avoid the death penalty. Debates about his guilt in America hinged on assessments of his mental state at the time of the crime and this, in turn, hinged on debates about how normative his actions would have been in Iran. Until his arrest, Brian had led a highly mobile life—moving back and forth between America, where he lived as a Christian, and Iran, where he visited as a Muslim. Was he a calculating Iranian-Islamic patriarch, outraged at the defiance of his wife and the attitudes of American courts toward his paternal rights? Or was he, per the court transcripts, a “white Christian” and survivor of childhood rape back in Iran, who lapsed into madness under the strain of his second divorce? Brian actively blurred these issues in court appearances before and after the murder—often expressing his agency in terms of preserving his imaginary and physical mobility.
The Value of Environmental and Health Claims on New Legume Products: A Non-Hypothetical Online Auction
Authors: Lemken Dominic , Knigge Mandy , Meyerding Stephan , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2017

Legumes are valued in agricultural systems, as they can contribute to a more sustainable land use. However, their economic value is low. Despite health and environmental benefits, marketers struggle to communicate the worth of legumes to consumers. We evaluate the worth of health and, in particular, environmental claims that would spread consumers’ awareness of ecological advantages. Utilizing a large consumer sample, we execute binding online auctions. Comparing claim-treated and untreated subjects (between design), we model the price premium that potential customers are willing to pay (WTP) for having pasta in a legume instead of a wheat version. We find that claims may increase the WTP, however, a mix of environmental and health claims is superior to individual claims. Effect sizes suggest that the mix of claims increases the WTP by roughly 35% (20 cents). The link of WTP and food attitudes, such as concern for health in eating habits or social reservations towards legumes, varies depending on whether the green-pea or chickpea pasta was evaluated. A critical perception of legumes’ association with flatulence reduces the WTP. Developing the online auction may enable researchers to increase the external validity of consumer samples. We discuss implications for researchers and marketers.
Influence of Favorite Place in House—Outdoor or Indoor—On Energy Consumption and Happiness in Rural Thailand
Authors: Yuxue Zhang , Kondo Kayoko , Chutchaipolrut Artit , Arampongpun Sujitra , Kikusawa Ikuyo
Published: August 2017

In recent years, with the change in house styles in rural Thailand, the favorite place in the house and lifestyle of inhabitants has also altered. This causes an increase in energy use. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to clarify the influence on energy use of the house style, communication with the neighborhood, and happiness through the favorite place in the house and daily activities. The study identified that people who like to stay in the outside space, such as the open space beneath the house and the garden, showed higher happiness. Spending more time outside helped to communicate with the neighborhood and family, and also to use less the air conditioner and electric fan. Such a lifestyle contributes to the development of a low carbon society.
A Country-Specific Water Consumption Inventory Considering International Trade in Asian Countries Using a Multi-Regional Input-Output Table
Authors: Ono Yuya , Kim Young Deuk , Itsubo Norihiro
Published: August 2017

Interest in the impacts of water use in the life cycle of products and services are increasing among various stakeholders. The water footprint is a tool to identify critical and effective points for reducing the impact of water use through the entire life cycle of products, services, and organizations. The purpose of this study was to develop a water consumption inventory database that focused on identifying of Asian water consumption using an input-output (IO) framework. An Asia International Input-Output table (AIIO) was applied in this study. The amount of water consumption required for agricultural products was estimated by modeling; for other sectors it was estimated from statistical reports. The intensities of direct water consumption in each sector were calculated by dividing the amount of water consumption by the domestic production. Based on the IO analysis using Leontief’s inverse matrix, the intensities of water consumption from cradle to gate were estimated for all goods and services. There was high intensity of water consumption in the primary industry sectors, together with a high dependency on rainwater as an input water source. The water consumption intensities generally showed a larger reduction in secondary sectors, in comparison with the tertiary sectors, due to the use of recycled water. There were differences between this study and previous studies due to the use of site-specific production data and the temporal resolution of crop production. By considering site-specific conditions, it is expected that the dataset developed here can be used for estimating the water footprint of products, services, and organizations in nine countries (Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and USA).
The First Detection of Gravitational Waves
Authors: Królak Andrzej , Patil Mandar
Published: August 2017

This article deals with the first detection of gravitational waves by the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 14 September 2015, where the signal was generated by two stellar mass black holes with masses 36 M ⊙ and 29 M ⊙ that merged to form a 62 M ⊙ black hole, releasing 3 M ⊙ energy in gravitational waves, almost 1.3 billion years ago. We begin by providing a brief overview of gravitational waves, their sources and the gravitational wave detectors. We then describe in detail the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger. We then comment on the electromagnetic follow up of the detection event with various telescopes. Finally, we conclude with the discussion on the tests of gravity and fundamental physics with the first gravitational wave detection event.
Ecological and Public Health Implications of the Discharge of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Physicochemical Contaminants from Treated Wastewater Effluents in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Adefisoye Martins , Okoh Anthony
Published: August 2017

This study assessed the prevalence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and Vibrio species, as well as the physicochemical qualities of the discharged effluents of two wastewater treatment facilities, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa over a one-year sampling period using standard methods. Bacteriological assessment revealed presumptive E. coli counts ranging from 3 to 1.2 × 105 CFU/100 mL, while counts of Vibrio spp. ranged from 11 to 1.4 × 104 CFU/100 mL. Molecular identification of the isolates by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) yielded positive reaction rates of 76.2% (381/500) and 69.8% (279/400) for E. coli and Vibrio species, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 205 randomly selected PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates against 18 antibiotics revealed resistance frequencies ranging from 0.5% (imipenem) to 96.1% (penicillin G), based on recommended breakpoint concentrations. About 81% (166/205) of the Vibrio isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics), while nine different antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR. The physicochemical qualities of the effluents also ranged as follows: pH (6.5–7.6), temperature (12–27 °C), turbidity (1.5–65.7 mg/L), total dissolved solids (95–171 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (2.1–9.8), electrical conductivity (134–267 µS/cm), free chlorine (0.08–0.72 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (0.12–9.81 mg/L), nitrate (1.04–21.5 mg/L), nitrite (0.11–0.76 mg/L), phosphate (1.03–18.3 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (27–680 mg/L). The discharged effluents fell short of the regulatory guidelines for some of the parameters assessed. We conclude that the discharged effluents are potential sources of environmental pollution and can contribute to drug resistant bacteria load in the receiving watershed, with the associated ecological and human health risks.
Study on Effects of Electron Donors on Phosphine Production from Anaerobic Activated Sludge
Authors: Cao Jianping , Zhang Chaosheng , Rong Hongwei , Zhao Meihua , Wei Wei , Zhao Limin
Published: August 2017

The effects of different types and concentrations of electron donors (glucose, starch, methanol and sodium acetate) on the formation of phosphine from anaerobic activated sludge that has been domesticated for a prolonged period were studied in small batch experiments. The results show that types and concentrations of electron donor have significant effects on the production of phosphine from anaerobic activated sludge. Among them, glucose was the most favourable electron donor, whereas sodium acetate was the least favourable electron donor for the removal of phosphorus and the production of phosphine. Higher concentrations of electron donors were more favourable for the reduction of phosphate into phosphine, and supplying more than nine times the amount of electron donor as theoretically required for the reduction of phosphate into phosphine was favourable for the production of phosphine.
Optimal Hedging Rules for Water Supply Reservoir Operations under Forecast Uncertainty and Conditional Value-at-Risk Criterion
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhong Ping-An , Huang Qiyou , Wang Jianqun , Yu Zhongbo , Zhang Jianyun
Published: August 2017

Hedging rules for water supply reservoir operations provide guidelines for balancing the consequences of competing water allocations. When inflow forecast uncertainty is addressed, hedging acts as insurances for offsetting the negative influence of water shortage in the future, especially when drought is anticipated. This study used a risk-averse criterion, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), rather than the expected value (EV) criterion, to rationalize water delivery for overcoming the shortcomings of risk-neutral hedging rules in minimizing water shortage impacts in unfavorable realizations, in which actual inflow is less than anticipated. A two-period hedging model with the objective of maximizing the CVaR of total benefits from water delivery and water storage is established, and the optimal hedging rules using first-order optimality condition are analytically derived. Differences in hedging rules under the two criteria are highlighted by theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. The methods are applied to guide the operations of a water supply reservoir, and results show that: (1) the hedging rules under the EV criterion are special cases under the CVaR criterion; (2) water delivery in the current period would be greatly curtailed under the high influence of forecast uncertainty or the significant risk-averse attitude of decision makers; (3) hedging to maximize the CVaR of total benefit is at the cost of reducing the EV of total benefit; and (4) in real-time operations, compared with the hedging policies under the EV criterion, the hedging policies under the CVaR criterion would be more effective when applied to dry and extremely dry hydrological conditions, especially when inflow is overestimated. These implications provide new insights into rationing water supply and risk aversion.
Valuation of Hidden Water Ecosystem Services: The Replacement Cost of the Aquifer System in Central Mexico
Authors: López-Morales Carlos , Mesa-Jurado Maria
Published: August 2017

This paper reports research estimating the costs of replacing the groundwater that the metropolitan areas of Mexico City, Toluca, and Cuernavaca, in Central Mexico, pump from 10 over-exploited aquifers with 6 supply alternatives of surface water. These aquifers provide about 70% of the water required by more than 28 million people, and their recharge zones in forested areas are increasingly threatened by economic activities. By designing a constrained optimization program that minimizes investment and operation costs, we found that replacing groundwater extraction involves the construction of all six alternatives at an estimated cost of US$25 billion at present values (US$0.6 m−3 over a 26-year period). We designed and analyzed a scenario to combine measures to reduce water leaks in Mexico City; a positive balance was found: every dollar invested in leak control reduces replacement costs by between US$1.9 and US$8.4. Therefore, our results suggest the prioritization of leak control measures in order to reduce extraction from over-exploited aquifers. Local authorities should be warned about the economics of losing ecosystem services that are crucial to sustaining the population and the economic activities in the region of study.
An Optimization Model for Waste Load Allocation under Water Carrying Capacity Improvement Management, A Case Study of the Yitong River, Northeast China
Authors: Meng Chong , Wang Xiaolei , Li Yu
Published: August 2017

In this study, a two-stage stochastic programming (TSP) model was developed for supporting regional waste load(chemical oxygen demand (COD)and NH3-N) allocation in four main pollution departments (industry, municipal, livestock breeding, and agriculture), constrained by the water carrying capacity, which can be improved by ecological restoration engineering, in the nine function zones of the Yitong River. A number of scenarios corresponding to different stream flow levels were examined. The results revealed that the carrying capacity of COD and NH3-N has a similar tendency with a positive correlation to stream flow levels. The allocation amount of each pollutant for the four departments was obtained differently in each zone, and ecological restoration engineering solutions were obtained for different zones to improve the carrying capacity of the pollutants in order to meet the permitted emission allocation and water qualities. The results are helpful in establishing a rational discharge permit system of each pollution unit under water quality targets, and provide a basis for production plans of these pollution units.
Application of the 2014 NICE cholesterol guidelines in the English population: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ueda Peter , Lung Thomas Wai-Chun , Clarke Philip , Danaei Goodarz
Published: August 2017

Background

The 2014 guidelines on cardiovascular risk assessment and lipid modification from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommend statin therapy for adults with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for adults with a 10-year CVD risk of ≥10%, estimated using the QRISK2 algorithm.

Aim

To determine risk factor levels required to exceed the risk threshold for statin therapy, and to estimate the number of adults in England who would require statin therapy under the guidelines.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional study using a sample representative of the English population aged 30–84 years.

Method

To estimate 10-year CVD risk different combinations of risk factor levels were entered into the QRISK2 algorithm. The NICE guidelines were applied to the sample using data from the Health Survey for England 2011.

Results

Even with optimal risk factor levels, males of different ethnicities would exceed the 10% risk threshold between the ages of 60 and 70 years, and females would exceed the threshold between 65 and 75 years. Under the NICE guidelines, 11.8 million males and females (37% of the adults aged 30–84 years) would require statin therapy, most of them (9.8 million) for primary prevention. When analysed by age, 95% of males and 66% of females without CVD in ages 60–74 years, including all males and females in ages 75–84 years, would require statin therapy.

Conclusion

Under the 2014 NICE guidelines, 11.8 million (37%) adults in England aged 30–84 years, including almost all males >60 years and all females >75 years, require statin therapy.
Correlation of dickkopf-1 concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid to the severity of radiographic signs of equine osteoarthritis
Authors: Mills Jillian , Peters Duncan , Weber Patty , Shearer Tara , Pease Anthony , Kinsley Marc
Published: August 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between circulating and intra-synovial Dkk-1 and radiographic signs of equine osteoarthritis.

Methods: Circulating and intra-synovial Dkk-1 levels were measured in clinical cases using a commercially available human Dkk-1 ELISA. Radiographs were performed of the joints from which fluid was collected and these were assessed and scored by a boarded radiologist for joint narrowing, subchondral bone sclerosis, subchondral bone lysis, and periarticular modelling. Comparisons were made between radiographic scores and the concentrations of Dkk-1 using a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. Correlations were calculated using Kendall’s statistic.

Results: A total of 42 synovial fluid samples from 21 horses were collected and used in the analysis. No significant correlation was identified between Dkk-1 concentrations and radiographic signs of osteoarthritis. Intrasynovial Dkk-1 concentrations were significantly greater (p <0.001) in low motion joints (mean concentration, 232.68 pg/mL; range, 109.07–317.17) when compared to high- motion joints (28.78 pg/mL; 0.05–186.44 pg/mL) (p <0.001).

Clinical significance: Low motion joints have significantly higher concentrations of Dkk-1 compared to high motion joints. Further research is needed to establish the importance of this finding and whether potential diagnostic or therapeutic applications of Dkk-1 exist in the horse.

Supplementary material for this article is available at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-11-0157
Bone haemophilic pseudotumour of the ulna: A rare complication of haemophilia in a dog
Authors: Manassero Mathieu , Thibaud Jean-Laurent , Reyes-Gomez Edouard , Viateau Véronique , Decambron Adeline
Published: August 2017

Objectives: This case report describes for the first time a bone haemophilic pseudotumour in a dog.

Case description: A seven-month-old German Shepherd male dog was presented with the complaint of a forelimb weight-bearing lameness with major swelling that expanded dramatically after fine needle aspiration. Radiographs showed a large, well-defined ulnar diaphyseal cystic-like osteolytic lesion. Based on prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and low factor VIII activity, haemophilia A was diagnosed. Bone scintigraphy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological findings definitely ruled out malignant neoplasia or inflammation and strongly supported a bone haemophilic pseudotumour over an aneurysmal bone cyst. Segmental ulnar resection and replacement by a polymethylmethacrylate spacer combined with perioperative bleeding management resulted in a successful outcome.

Discussion: This case provided evidence that a bone haemophilic pseudotumour may be the sole presenting clinical sign of haemophilia A in dogs. Early diagnosis, based on history and magnetic resonance imaging findings, is imperative for prompt treatment leading to successful outcome. It is challenging as fine needle aspiration or biopsy is contraindicated. As described in humans, surgical excision of the lesion combined with management of severe postoperative bleeding was associated with successful outcome in the present case.

Clinical significance: A bone haemophilic pseudotumour should be considered in the differential diagnosis of expanding mass associated with osteolysis, especially in young male dogs. Perioperative monitoring of the bleeding disorder and subsequent FVIII replacement therapy was of paramount importance in the present case.
Base-promoted isomerization of CF3-containing allylic alcohols to the corresponding saturated ketones under metal-free conditions
Authors: Hamada Yoko , Kawasaki-Takasuka Tomoko , Yamazaki Takashi
Published: August 2017

Following to the computational expectation, our previously reported intriguing 1,3-proton shift of 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-yn-1-ols was successfully extended to the 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-en-1-ol system under metal-free conditions to afford the corresponding saturated ketones in high to excellent chemical yields using such a convenient and easy-to-handle base as DBU at the toluene refluxing temperature, and utilization of the corresponding optically active substrates unambiguously demonstrated that this transformation proceeded in a highly stereoselective fashion.
Multiple Climate States of Habitable Exoplanets: The Role of Obliquity and Irradiance
Authors: Kilic C. , Raible C. C. , Stocker T. F.
Published: August 2017

Stable, steady climate states on an Earth-size planet with no continents are determined as a function of the tilt of the planet’s rotation axis (obliquity) and stellar irradiance. Using a general circulation model of the atmosphere coupled to a slab ocean and a thermodynamic sea ice model, two states, the Aquaplanet and the Cryoplanet, are found for high and low stellar irradiance, respectively. In addition, four stable states with seasonally and perennially open water are discovered if comprehensively exploring a parameter space of obliquity from 0° to 90° and stellar irradiance from 70% to 135% of the present-day solar constant. Within 11% of today’s solar irradiance, we find a rich structure of stable states that extends the area of habitability considerably. For the same set of parameters, different stable states result if simulations are initialized from an aquaplanet or a cryoplanet state. This demonstrates the possibility of multiple equilibria, hysteresis, and potentially rapid climate change in response to small changes in the orbital parameters. The dynamics of the atmosphere of an aquaplanet or a cryoplanet state is investigated for similar values of obliquity and stellar irradiance. The atmospheric circulation substantially differs in the two states owing to the relative strength of the primary drivers of the meridional transport of heat and momentum. At 90° obliquity and present-day solar constant, the atmospheric dynamics of an Aquaplanet state and one with an equatorial ice cover is analyzed.
Methods of Reverberation Mapping. I. Time-lag Determination by Measures of Randomness
Authors: Chelouche Doron , Pozo-Nuñez Francisco , Zucker Shay
Published: August 2017

A class of methods for measuring time delays between astronomical time series is introduced in the context of quasar reverberation mapping, which is based on measures of randomness or complexity of the data. Several distinct statistical estimators are considered that do not rely on polynomial interpolations of the light curves nor on their stochastic modeling, and do not require binning in correlation space. Methods based on von Neumann’s mean-square successive-difference estimator are found to be superior to those using other estimators. An optimized von Neumann scheme is formulated, which better handles sparsely sampled data and outperforms current implementations of discrete correlation function methods. This scheme is applied to existing reverberation data of varying quality, and consistency with previously reported time delays is found. In particular, the size–luminosity relation of the broad-line region in quasars is recovered with a scatter comparable to that obtained by other works, yet with fewer assumptions made concerning the process underlying the variability. The proposed method for time-lag determination is particularly relevant for irregularly sampled time series, and in cases where the process underlying the variability cannot be adequately modeled.
The Properties of the Massive Star-forming Galaxies with an Outside-in Assembly Mode
Authors: Wang Enci , Kong Xu , Wang Huiyuan , Wang Lixin , Lin Lin , Gao Yulong , Liu Qing
Published: August 2017

Previous findings show that massive (

) star-forming (SF) galaxies usually have an “inside-out” stellar mass assembly mode. In this paper, we have for the first time selected a sample of 77 massive SF galaxies with an “outside-in” assembly mode (called the “targeted sample”) from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. For comparison, two control samples are constructed from the MaNGA sample matched in stellar mass: a sample of 154 normal SF galaxies and a sample of 62 quiescent galaxies. In contrast to normal SF galaxies, the targeted galaxies appear to be smoother and more bulge-dominated and have a smaller size and higher concentration, star formation rate, and gas-phase metallicity as a whole. However, they have a larger size and lower concentration than quiescent galaxies. Unlike the normal SF sample, the targeted sample exhibits a slightly positive gradient of the 4000 Å break and a pronounced negative gradient of Hα equivalent width. Furthermore, the median surface mass density profile is between those of the normal SF and quiescent samples, indicating that the gas accretion of quiescent galaxies is not likely to be the main approach for the outside-in assembly mode. Our results suggest that the targeted galaxies are likely in the transitional phase from normal SF galaxies to quiescent galaxies, with rapid ongoing central stellar mass assembly (or bulge growth). We discuss several possible formation mechanisms for the outside-in mass assembly mode.
Effect of Dust Radial Drift on Viscous Evolution of Gaseous Disk
Authors: Kanagawa Kazuhiro D. , Ueda Takahiro , Muto Takayuki , Okuzumi Satoshi
Published: August 2017

The total amount of dust (or “metallicity”) and the dust distribution in protoplanetary disks are crucial for planet formation. Dust grains radially drift owing to gas–dust friction, and the gas is affected by the feedback from dust grains. We investigate the effects of the feedback from dust grains on the viscous evolution of the gas, taking into account the vertical dust settling. The feedback from the grains pushes the gas outward. When the grains are small and the dust-to-gas mass ratio is much smaller than unity, the radial drift velocity is reduced by the feedback effect but the gas still drifts inward. When the grains are sufficiently large or piled up, the feedback is so effective that it forces the gas flows outward. Although the dust feedback is affected by dust settling, we found that the 2D approximation reasonably reproduces the vertical averaged flux of gas and dust. We also performed the 2D two-fluid hydrodynamic simulations to examine the effect of the feedback from the grains on the evolution of the gas disk. We show that when the feedback is effective, the gas flows outward and the gas density at the region within

is significantly depleted. As a result, the dust-to-gas mass ratio at the inner radii may significantly exceed unity, providing the environment where planetesimals are easily formed via, e.g., streaming instability. We also show that a simplified 1D model well reproduces the results of the 2D two-fluid simulations, which would be useful for future studies.
Dependence of X-Ray Burst Models on Nuclear Masses
Authors: Schatz H. , Ong W.-J.
Published: August 2017

X-ray burst model predictions of light curves and the final composition of the nuclear ashes are affected by uncertain nuclear masses. However, not all of these masses are determined experimentally with sufficient accuracy. Here we identify the remaining nuclear mass uncertainties in X-ray burst models using a one-zone model that takes into account the changes in temperature and density evolution caused by changes in the nuclear physics. Two types of bursts are investigated—a typical mixed H/He burst with a limited rapid proton capture process (rp-process) and an extreme mixed H/He burst with an extended rp-process. When allowing for a 3σ variation, only three remaining nuclear mass uncertainties affect the light-curve predictions of a typical H/He burst (27P, 61Ga, and 65As), and only three additional masses affect the composition strongly (80Zr, 81Zr, and 82Nb). A larger number of mass uncertainties remain to be addressed for the extreme H/He burst, with the most important being 58Zn, 61Ga, 62Ge, 65As, 66Se, 78Y, 79Y, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 82Nb, 83Nb, 86Tc, 91Rh, 95Ag, 98Cd, 99In, 100In, and 101In. The smallest mass uncertainty that still impacts composition significantly when varied by 3σ is 85Mo with 16 keV uncertainty. For one of the identified masses, 27P, we use the isobaric mass multiplet equation to improve the mass uncertainty, obtaining an atomic mass excess of −716(7) keV. The results provide a roadmap for future experiments at advanced rare isotope beam facilities, where all the identified nuclides are expected to be within reach for precision mass measurements.
Blocking Metal Accretion onto Population III Stars by Stellar Wind
Authors: Tanaka Shuta J. , Chiaki Gen , Tominaga Nozomu , Susa Hajime
Published: August 2017

Low-mass population III (PopIII) stars of

could survive up until the present. The nondetection of low-mass PopIII stars in our Galaxy has already put a stringent constraint on the initial mass function (IMF) of PopIII stars, suggesting that PopIII stars have a top-heavy IMF. On the other hand, some claim that the lack of such stars stems from metal enrichment of their surfaces by the accretion of heavy elements from the interstellar medium (ISM). We investigate the effects of the stellar wind on metal accretion onto low-mass PopIII stars because accretion of the local ISM onto the Sun is prevented by the solar wind, even for neutrals. The stellar wind and radiation of low-mass PopIII stars are modeled based on knowledge of nearby low-mass stellar systems, including our Sun. We find that low-mass PopIII stars traveling across the Galaxy form a stellar magnetosphere in most of their life. Once the magnetosphere is formed, most of the neutral interstellar particles are photoionized before reaching the stellar surface and are blown away by the wind. Especially, the accretion abundance of iron will be reduced by a factor of

compared with Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion. The metal accretion can enhance iron abundance [Fe/H] only up to ∼−14. This demonstrates that low-mass PopIII stars remain pristine and will be found as metal-free stars and that further searches for them are valuable in constraining the IMF of PopIII stars.
Joint Bayesian Estimation of Quasar Continua and the Lyα Forest Flux Probability Distribution Function
Authors: Eilers Anna-Christina , Hennawi Joseph F. , Lee Khee-Gan
Published: August 2017

We present a new Bayesian algorithm making use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling that allows us to simultaneously estimate the unknown continuum level of each quasar in an ensemble of high-resolution spectra, as well as their common probability distribution function (PDF) for the transmitted Lyα forest flux. This fully automated PDF regulated continuum fitting method models the unknown quasar continuum with a linear principal component analysis (PCA) basis, with the PCA coefficients treated as nuisance parameters. The method allows one to estimate parameters governing the thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM), such as the slope of the temperature–density relation

, while marginalizing out continuum uncertainties in a fully Bayesian way. Using realistic mock quasar spectra created from a simplified semi-numerical model of the IGM, we show that this method recovers the underlying quasar continua to a precision of

and

at z = 3 and z = 5, respectively. Given the number of principal component spectra, this is comparable to the underlying accuracy of the PCA model itself. Most importantly, we show that we can achieve a nearly unbiased estimate of the slope

of the IGM temperature–density relation with a precision of

at z = 3 and

at z = 5, for an ensemble of ten mock high-resolution quasar spectra. Applying this method to real quasar spectra and comparing to a more realistic IGM model from hydrodynamical simulations would enable precise measurements of the thermal and cosmological parameters governing the IGM, albeit with somewhat larger uncertainties, given the increased flexibility of the model.
2004 TT357: A Potential Contact Binary in the Trans-Neptunian Belt
Authors: Thirouin Audrey , Sheppard Scott S. , Noll Keith S.
Published: August 2017

We report photometric observations of the trans-Neptunian object 2004 TT357 obtained in 2015 and 2017 using the 4.3 m Lowell’s Discovery Channel Telescope. We derive a rotational period of 7.79 ± 0.01 hr and a peak-to-peak lightcurve amplitude of 0.76 ± 0.03 mag. 2004 TT357 displays a large variability that can be explained by a very elongated single object or can be due to a contact/close binary. The most likely scenario is that 2004 TT357 is a contact binary. If it is in hydrostatic equilibrium, we find that the lightcurve can be explained by a system with a mass ratio q
min = 0.45 ± 0.05, and a density of ρ
min = 2 g cm−3, or less likely a system with q
max = 0.8 ± 0.05, and ρ
max = 5 g cm−3. Considering a single triaxial ellipsoid in hydrostatic equilibrium, we derive a lower limit to the density of 0.78 g cm−3, and an elongation (a/b) of 2.01 assuming an equatorial view. From Hubble Space Telescope data, we report no resolved companion orbiting 2004 TT357. Despite an expected high fraction of contact binaries in the trans-Neptunian belt, 2001 QG298 is the unique confirmed contact binary in the trans-Neptunian belt, and 2004 TT357 is only the second candidate to this class of systems, with 2003 SQ317.
Production and Acceleration of Antinuclei in Supernova Shockwaves
Authors: Tomassetti Nicola , Oliva Alberto
Published: August 2017

We compute the energy spectra of antideuterons (

) and antihelium (

) in cosmic rays (CRs) in a scenario where hadronic interactions inside supernova remnants (SNRs) can produce a diffusively shock-accelerated “source component” of secondary antinuclei. The key parameters that specify the SNR environment and the interstellar CR transport are tightly constrained with the new measurements provided by the AMS experiment on the B/C ratio and on the

/

ratio. The best-fit models obtained from the two ratios are found to be inconsistent with each other, as the

/

data require enhanced secondary production. Thus, we derive conservative (i.e., B/C-driven) and speculative (

/

-driven) upper limits to the SNR flux contributions for the

and

spectra in CRs, along with their standard secondary component expected from CR collisions in the interstellar gas. We find that the source component of antinuclei can be appreciable at kinetic energies above a few ∼10 GeV n−1, but it is always sub-dominant below a few GeV n−1, that is the energy window where dark matter (DM) annihilation signatures are expected to exceed the level of secondary production. We also find that the total (standard + SNR) flux of secondary

and

is tightly constrained by the data. Thus, the presence of interaction processes in SNRs does not critically affect the total background for DM searches.
Comparison of a novel real-time PCR method (RTA) and Artus RG for the quantification of HBV DNA and HCV RNA
Authors: Aydogan Sibel , Acikgoz Ziya Cibal , Gozalan Aysegul , Kirca Fisun , Muderris Tuba , Ozturk Elife
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare two manual isolation and real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits (RTA RT-PCR with RTA isolation kit and Artus RG RT-PCR with QIAamp isolation kit) for molecular diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections.

Methodology: The study was conducted on 121 and 54 clinical samples for the detection of HBV DNA and HCV RNA, respectively, with an additional 8 HCV RNA external quality control samples.

Results: Though a high correlation was observed between the two kits for the HBV DNA (r = 0.955, p = 0.001) and HCV RNA quantifications (r = 0.828, p = 0.001), discordant results were found in nine of the HBV DNA and in six of the HCV RNA samples. The mean difference between the two systems was found to be 0.4 log IU/mL in Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD) HCV RNA samples by Bland-Altman analysis.

Conclusions: Although there was a high correlation between HBV DNA and HCV RNA tests according to the results of the study, the RTA system requires improvement for the determination of HCV RNA.
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: Incidence, Prevalence, Patient Characteristics, and Recurrence. A Registry-based Cohort Study in Denmark
Authors: Ehrenstein Vera , Andersen Søren L. , Qazi Ibrahim , Sankar Neil , Pedersen Alma B. , Sikorski Robert , Acquavella John F.
Published: August 2017

Objective.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare benign proliferative and inflammatory disease arising from synovia of joints, bursae, or tendon sheaths. We aimed to estimate incidence rate and prevalence of TGCT in Denmark, to describe patient characteristics and treatment modalities among patients with TGCT, and to estimate risk of TGCT recurrence.

Methods.

Using registry data on pathology examinations and inpatient and outpatient hospital diagnoses, we identified adult patients with diagnoses of diffuse TGCT (D-TGCT) or localized TGCT (L-TGCT) between 1997 and 2012, followed through 2012. We described patients’ characteristics, treatment modalities, and recurrence.

Results.

We identified 2087 patients with L-TGCT and 574 patients with D-TGCT. Their incidence rates per million person-years were 30.3 (95% CI 29.1–31.7) and 8.4 (95% CI 7.7–9.1), respectively. At the end of 2012, prevalence per 100,000 persons was 44.3 (95% CI 42.4–46.3) for L-TGCT and 11.5 (95% CI 10.6–12.6) for D-TGCT. Women made up 61% of the patients with L-TGCT and 51% of the patients with D-TGCT. Median age at diagnosis was 47 years. Ten-year risk of recurrence was 9.8% (95% CI 8.4–11.3%) after L-TGCT and 19.1% (95% CI 15.7–22.7%) after D-TGCT.

Conclusion.

This study contributes evidence about epidemiology of TGCT based on routinely collected population-based data gathered in a setting of universal equal access to healthcare and complete followup.
Advancing the Development of Patient-reported Outcomes for Adult Myositis at OMERACT 2016: An International Delphi Study
Authors: Park Jin Kyun , Mecoli Christopher A. , Alexanderson Helene , Regardt Malin , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Casal-Domínguez María , de Groot Ingrid , Sarver Catherine , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Bingham Clifton O. , Song Yeong Wook
Published: August 2017

Objective.

To define a set of core patient-reported domains and respective instruments for use in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Previously, we reported a systematic literature review on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in IIM followed by conducting international focus groups to elicit patient perspectives of myositis symptoms and effects.

Methods.

Based on qualitative content analysis of focus groups, an initial list of 26 candidate domains was constructed. We subsequently conducted an international modified Delphi survey to identify the importance of each of the 26 domains. Participants were asked to rate each domain on a scale of 0–10 (0 = not important, 10 = very important).

Results.

In this first round of the Delphi survey, 643 patients participated from the United States (n = 543), Sweden (n = 49), and South Korea (n = 51). Of the 26 domains, 19 (73%) were rated of high importance (≥ 7/10). The top 5 domains were muscle symptoms, fatigue, interactions with healthcare, medication side effects, and pain. During Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2016, we discussed the goal for ultimate reduction in the number of domains and the importance of considering representation of healthcare providers from other specialties, caregivers, representatives of pharmaceutical industries, and regulatory authorities in the next rounds of Delphi to represent broader perspectives on IIM.

Conclusion.

Further prioritization and a reduction in the number of domains will be needed for the next Delphi. At the next biennial OMERACT meeting, we aim to present and seek voting on a Myositis Preliminary PRO Core Set to enable ultimate measure selection and development.
American consultants in the German consumer chemical industry : the Stanford Research Institute at Henkel in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Hilger Susanne
Published: August 2017

Il semble naturel aujourd’hui aux entreprises allemandes de faire appel à des sociétés de conseil américaines. Mais lorsque McKinsey ou Arthur D. Little ont cherché à pénétrer le marché européen à la fin des années cinquante, beaucoup d’entreprises ont rechigné à faire appel à leurs services. En Allemagne Henkel fut parmi les premiers à utiliser les services d’une société de conseil durant la seconde moitié des années soixante : le Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Cet article cherche à comprendre pourquoi et le rôle qu’a joué ce cabinet dans la réorganisation et la modernisation d’Henkel. La principale raison est à chercher dans une pression accrue des concurrents, notamment américains comme Procter & Gamble. Le SRI a joué un rôle important dans la transformation de Henkel en société diversifiée et internationale. Toutes ses recommandations n’ont pourtant pas été appliquées.
Les laboratoires d’innovation ouverte comme dispositif entrepreneurial
Authors: Mérindol Valérie , Versailles David W.
Published: August 2017

Les laboratoires d’innovation ouverte (LIO) sont vecteur de diffusion des pratiques et valeurs entrepreneuriales dans l’entreprise. À partir de la comparaison de onze de ces dispositifs dans neuf grandes entreprises françaises, cet article met en perspective les caractéristiques clés des LIO, leurs missions, le rôle des salariés, leur relation au reste de l’entreprise et identifie leurs facteurs clefs de succès. L’article souligne l’importance des modes de production de la légitimité du LIO dans l’entreprise ainsi que le rôle du management sur les modalités d’accès aux activités du LIO.