bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication About Food and Nutrition in the Parent Child Dyad
Authors: Jackson Alexandra , Sano Yoshie , Cox Anne E. , Lee SuYeon , Lanigan Jane
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Developmentally appropriate messaging interventions may be an effective way to promote healthy behaviors in young children. However, there is a gap in the literature describing communication about food and nutrition within the parent-child dyad. Thus, we explored the content, frequency, context, and purpose of parental conversations about food and nutrition.

Design

Using a semi-structured interview guide, 20 in-person interviews were conducted with parents of 3 to 9 year old children living in Washington and Oregon at the location of their choice.

Methods

Qualitative data was analyzed using open coding and grounded theory.

Results

Three categories described communication within the dyad: purpose, content, and the bidirectional interaction between the parent and the child. Purpose included three themes: consumption, variety, and balance. Content included three themes: food-related content, body-related content, and utilizing connections. Subthemes within food-related content included properties, production, and preparation. Body-related content subthemes were utilization of food in the body and interoceptive awareness. Parents highlighted connections between the food and body-related content. Lastly, parent–child conversations about food and nutrition were dynamic and bidirectional with parents adapting to child factors.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a description of parent communication about food and nutrition and suggest investigation of the purpose and content of communication and how parents tailor messages to their child.
Feeding Patterns of Healthy Term Newborns in the First 5 Days—The Glucose in Well Babies Study (GLOW)
Authors: Harris Deborah L , Weston Philip J , Harding Jane E
Published: April 2022

Background:

The feeding patterns of healthy newborns have been poorly described.

Research Aim:

To determine the feeding patterns of healthy term newborns soon after birth, and if these differed with sex, gestation, and mode of birth.

Methods:

This study was a prospective, longitudinal observational cohort study. Term, appropriately grown newborns ( N = 66) were fed according to maternal choice and details were recorded. Data were analyzed using generalized Poisson regression for feeding frequencies, and mixed model regression of log-transformed data for durations.

Results:

The participants completing the study had a M = 3589 g ( SD = 348 g) birthweight, with a gestation age of M = 40.1 (1.2) weeks. All participants were breastfed; 23 (35%) also received expressed human milk and 10 (15%) received formula. Participants had fewer feeding sessions on Day 1, ( M = 7.3 [1.9] sessions/day) increasing to ( M = 9.4 [2.4] sessions/day) by Day 3, then reducing to ( M = 9.0 [2.2] sessions/day) on Day 5, p < .001. The overall duration of breastfeeding sessions varied widely ( Mdn = 29 [range = 1–447] min). Feed frequency but not duration was higher in males than females ( M = 8.9, SE = 0.2 vs. 8.1, 02, sessions/day, p = .03), in newborns born ≥ 40 weeks’ gestation ( M = 8.9, SE = 0.3 vs. 8.2, 02, sessions/day, p = .04), and in newborns born by Caesarean section ( M = 9.4, SE = 0.3 vs. 8.4, 02, sessions/day, for vaginal birth, p = .003).

Conclusion:

Feeding patterns of healthy term newborns vary widely, but frequency increases during the first 3 days, and is greater in males, newborns born late term, and born by Caesarean section.

Clinical Trial Registration:

The Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Ref: ACTRN12615000986572. The study protocol is available online: http://hdl.handle.net/2292/32066
The Twilight Zone: Oxybutynin Overuse Exacerbating Delirium
Authors: Marthi Siddharth , Pomerantz Madison A. , Mernan Andrea J. , Berlow Yosef A.
Published: April 2022

Anticholinergic medications, such as oxybutynin, are first-line pharmacologic therapies in overactive bladder. However, the cognitive adverse effect profiles of frequently used anticholinergic medications are extensive and limit their use in older patients. Additionally, many older patients continue on anticholinergic therapy if adverse effects are not self-reported by the patient or detected by the provider.

Here, we present a case of a 73-year-old male with a history of major neurocognitive disorder, in which unreported oxybutynin overuse led to repeated delirious states, erratic driving, and subsequent psychiatric hospitalizations. During his hospitalizations, he displayed progressively more linear thought processes and improved insight without clear etiology. After a more thorough history of his medication use was obtained, he disclosed that he would often take additional doses of oxybutynin to prevent incontinence during car rides and had done so prior to recent hospitalizations.

Our example highlights the importance of thorough history taking, medication review, reducing polypharmacy, careful patient education about medications with psychiatric adverse effects, and, importantly, the avoidance of anticholinergic medication prescription in older patients.
A Comparative Study of Bot Detection Techniques With an Application in Twitter Covid-19 Discourse
Authors: Antenore Marzia , Camacho Rodriguez Jose Manuel , Panizzi Emanuele
Published: April 2022

Bot Detection is crucial in a world where Online Social Networks (OSNs) play a pivotal role in our lives as public communication channels. This task becomes highly relevant in crises like the Covid-19 pandemic when there is a growing risk of proliferation of automated accounts designed to produce misinformation content. To address this issue, we first introduce a comparison between supervised Bot Detection models using Data Selection. The techniques used to develop the bot detection models use features such as the tweets’ metadata or accounts’ Digital Fingerprint. The techniques implemented in this work proved effective in detecting bots with different behaviors. Social Fingerprint-based methods have been found to be effective with bots that behave in a coordinated manner. Furthermore, all these approaches have produced excellent results compared to the Botometer v3. Second, we present and discuss a case study related to the Covid-19 pandemic that analyses the differences in the discourse between bots and humans on Twitter, a platform used worldwide to express opinions and engage in dialogue in a public arena. While bots and humans generally express themselves alike, the tweets’ content and sentiment analysis reveal some dissimilitudes, especially in tweets concerning President Trump. When the discourse switches to pandemic management by Trump, sentiment-related values display a drastic difference, showing that tweets generated by bots have a predominantly negative attitude. However, according to our findings, while automated accounts are numerous and active in discussing controversial issues, they usually do not seem to increase exposure to negative and inflammatory content for human users.
Racialized Perceptions of Anticipated School Belonging
Authors: Hailey Chantal A.
Published: April 2022

Families indicate that fit and safety are priorities in school selections. It is not clear, however, whether school racial composition shapes families’ perceptions of anticipated school belonging. Using a survey experiment with students and parents actively choosing NYC schools, I find that families expressed racialized judgments of belonging. Among schools that were otherwise similar, respondents anticipated feeling most welcome in schools with the highest proportion of their racial group and least welcome in schools with the lowest portions of their ingroup. Families’ race-based assessments of school quality could be a key mechanism to explain racial segregation in school choice programs.
Layered disturbance rejection path-following control with geometry-based feedforward for unmanned rollers
Authors: Xie Hui , Xu Quanzhi , Song Kang
Published: April 2022

As a widely used engineering vehicle, drum rollers have a higher degree of freedom in motion than conventional passenger vehicles. The uncertainties, caused by road and vehicle condition variations, introduce severe disturbances in the path-following control of unmanned rollers. In this work, a single-drum roller is considered, for which a composite disturbance rejection controller (CDRC) is proposed for path following. The CDRC comprises a disturbance rejection controller (DRC) and a modified pure pursuit controller (MPPC). The DRC lumps all the discrepancies of the models from the roller as total disturbance, which is estimated by the extended state observer (ESO) and rejected in the feedback control loop. For enhanced performance, MPPC is added as a feedforward controller, which calculates the target articulation angle based on the roller geometry model. Compared with the DRC, the settling time of the CDRC is reduced by 12.3%, and the lateral errors are reduced by 43.1% and 39.9% in the presence of uncertainties in the positioning system and steering motor, respectively, while it still maintains a low computational cost. The proposed controller have been used in 15 unmanned rollers for 2 years, using which over 5 million square meters area has been compacted.
Risk identification of civil aviation engine control system based on particle swarm optimization-mean impact value-support vector machine
Authors: Cai Jing , Bao Han , Huang Yan , Zhou Di
Published: April 2022

The actual risk of the engine control system in operation is often higher than expected risk level, which brings hidden dangers to the safe operation of aircraft. Therefore, a PSO-MIV-SVM (particle swarm optimization-mean impact value-support vector machine) model is proposed to identify the risk of engine control system. Firstly, seven characteristic variables are extracted through the analysis of engine unsafe information, and 810 typical engine event samples were selected and normalized. Secondly, the SVM-based engine control system risk identification model is established and optimal kernel function of the SVM model is selected. Thirdly, the SVM-MIV method is used to sort the importance of the seven characteristic variables, and the identification accuracies of different characteristic variable groups are calculated to obtain the optimal combination of characteristic variables. Finally, the parameters of the SVM model are optimized by using the PSO algorithm and the accuracy of the PSO-MIV-SVM model for the risk identification of the engine control system reaches 93.58%.
Credibility Beyond Replicability: Improving the Four Validities in Psychological Science
Authors: Vazire Simine , Schiavone Sarah R. , Bottesini Julia G.
Published: April 2022

Psychological science’s “credibility revolution” has produced an explosion of metascientific work on improving research practices. Although much attention has been paid to replicability (reducing false positives), improving credibility depends on addressing a wide range of problems afflicting psychological science, beyond simply making psychology research more replicable. Here we focus on the “four validities” and highlight recent developments—many of which have been led by early-career researchers—aimed at improving these four validities in psychology research. We propose that the credibility revolution in psychology, which has its roots in replicability, can be harnessed to improve psychology’s validity more broadly.
Cognitive Blame Is Socially Shaped
Authors: Malle Bertram F. , Guglielmo Steve , Voiklis John , Monroe Andrew E.
Published: April 2022

Blame is not only a cognitive process but also a social act of moral criticism. Such acts of criticism often serve to correct a transgressor’s behavior but can be costly—to the moral critic, the transgressor, and the community. To limit these costs, blame is socially regulated: Communities set standards of evidence for blame and expect individuals to provide warrant, or justification, for their expressed judgments by pointing to appropriate evidence. We describe the path model of blame, which captures the cognitive processes that underlie blame judgments and that specify the kind of evidence that counts as warrant for blame. We then show how the varying costs of blaming put social pressure on the moral critic to be accurate and fair. We also identify conditions under which these pressures are weakened and standards of evidence decline: for example, when the transgressor has low status or is an out-group member, when the critic has high status or is anonymous, or when interactions are online. We close with numerous open questions that we hope will inspire further research into the hypothesis that cognitive blame is socially shaped.
Real-world performance of Victorian hospitals during the COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Looi Jeffrey CL , Copolov David , Lakra Vinay
Published: April 2022

Objective

Victoria has low numbers of general adult psychiatric beds per capita by Australian and international standards. Hospital key performance indicators (KPIs) such as bed occupancy rates, emergency department waiting times and inpatient lengths of stay are proximal measures of the effects any shortfall in beds. We investigate the real-world performance of Victorian hospitals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the extended lockdowns in 2020.

Conclusions

The Victorian inpatient psychiatric system is characterised by high bed occupancies in many regions, extended stays in emergency departments awaiting a bed, and short inpatient lengths of stay, except for patients with excessively long stays on acute units (over 35 days) who are unable to be admitted to non-acute facilities. At the end of 2020, bed occupancies were high (above 90%) in 10 regions, with three regions having bed occupancies over 100%. However, state-wide average bed occupancy improved between 2019 (94%) and 2020 (88%). Other KPIs remained steady because acute hospitals did not experience the expected pandemic mental health demand-surge. For a more complete picture of the impact of the pandemic, Australia needs interconnected, centralised data systems.
Emergence of and compliance with new social norms: The example of the COVID crisis in Germany
Authors: Diekmann Andreas
Published: April 2022

In crisis situations, people have to change their behavior. A collective learning process begins and new patterns of order emerge. Externalities of behavior lead to the emergence of new social norms. But are the social norms also followed? A closer examination must take into account the different character of social norms. Following the theory of Ullmann-Margalit, coordination norms or conventions have different consequences for norm-oriented behavior than cooperation norms. This distinction is also important for lawmaking. There is no “free-rider problem” with coordination norms, but there is one with cooperation norms. This paper examines the question of the characteristics of new norms which emerged during the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis, such as the requirement for distance, the obligation to wear masks and cooperation in the digital tracing of infection chains. This study is based on how Germany has coped with the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020. However, the analysis leads to conditions which in general may explain the degree of compliance with different types of new social norms.
Giant Cell Interstitial Pneumonia In Native, Transplanted And Re-Transplanted Lungs 8 Years Apart Without Known Hard Metal Exposure
Authors: Ntiamoah Prince , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Marshall Tanya , You Jee Young , Mehta Atul C
Published: April 2022

Pneumoconioses are a group of non-neoplastic pulmonary disorders caused by inhaled inorganic particles. Well-described pneumoconioses include asbestosis, silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, chronic beryllium disease, and hard metal lung disease. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) is a distinctive and rare pneumoconiosis most frequently found in workers exposed to hard metals, primarily cobalt and tungsten carbide. The pathologic picture is considered virtually pathognomonic for hard metal lung disease, although this dogma has been questioned by a few reports of giant cell interstitial pneumonia in patients without apparent hard metal exposure. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia is even rarer in lung transplant recipients. Here, we present a patient without known hard metal exposure who was found to have persistent giant cell interstitial pneumonia in native, transplanted and re-transplanted lungs 8 years apart.
Quality of MIS vs Open Joint Preparations of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Zhao John Z. , Kaiser Philip B. , DeGruccio Christina , Farina Evan M. , Miller Christopher P.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is growing in the field of foot and ankle, and the MIS burr is an emerging tool. Although commonly used to perform osteotomies, the burr can also be used for arthrodesis joint preparation that traditionally would be performed through open incisions. To date, there is no study comparing the quality of joint preparation between using a fluoroscopy-guided MIS technique compared to traditional open techniques. The goal of this cadaveric study is to compare the percentage of joint surfaces prepared between MIS and open techniques for the most common joints that are fused in foot and ankle surgery.

Methods:

Open joint preparation was performed under direct visualization with open incisions. MIS joint preparation was performed percutaneously using fluoroscopic guidance alone, without arthroscopy. After joint preparation, cadaveric samples were disarticulated, and joint surfaces were analyzed for percentage of cartilaginous surface removed. The percentage of joint surface prepared was compared between the open and MIS techniques.

Results:

Ten cadaveric samples were used for the MIS technique and 5 samples for the open technique. Percentage of joint surface prepared was similar for all joint surfaces.

Conclusion:

The MIS technique in the hands of experienced surgeons was found to provide overall similar percentages of surface area prepared compared to traditional open techniques.

Clinical Relevance:

MIS joint preparation may be useful for specific patient populations. This study suggests that MIS joint preparation is a reasonable, and possibly advantageous, alternative to open preparation in arthrodesis surgery when performed by experienced MIS surgeons.
Two-Step 3D-Guided Supramalleolar Osteotomy to Treat Varus Ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: van Raaij Tom , van der Wel Hylke , Beldman Mark , de Vries Astrid , Kraeima Joep
Published: April 2022

Background:

Success of valgus-type supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT) depends on adequate correction of malalignment, which can be hard to achieve with current 2-dimensional (2D) planning and operative techniques. A personalized digital 3-dimensional (3D) workflow to virtually plan and perform a 2-step 3D-guided medial opening (MO) SMOT has the potential to improve precision of correction.

Methods:

Computed tomography (CT)–based Proplan medical 3D models were made to virtually plan the desired MO SMOT, and exported to 3-Matic medical to develop patient-specific 2-step cutting and wedge guides. Workflow accuracy was tested in this limited clinical pilot study (3 patients) by comparing the virtual planned position of the osteotomized distal tibial fragment with the 1-year post-MO SMOT configuration. Two millimeters or less translation deviation in every plane was defined as accurate.

Results:

Primary outcome analysis of the osteotomized distal tibial fragment deviation showed a median translation in all planes of 0.7 (range 0-8.2) mm (interquartile range 1.55) with an excellent interrater reliability of the measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.998). There was a strong reduction in ankle pain as reflected by an increase of the AOFAS-AH score and decrease of NRS pain score with an unrestricted hindfoot motion 1 year after surgery.

Conclusion:

3D virtually planned bone cutting and wedge guides is a promising approach associated with minimal postoperative deviation from the desired correction in medial opening supramalleolar osteotomy.
Engaging Employees in CEO Activism: The Role of Transparent Leadership Communication in Making a Social Impact
Authors: Ji Yi Grace , Hong Cheng
Published: April 2022

With a survey of 600 U.S. employees, this study investigated the effect of transparent leadership communication on employee engagement, from the interpretivist approach, in the context of CEO activism. This study examined employees’ perceived psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) as mediators. Results showed that transparent leadership communication is positively associated with employees’ psychological needs. In turn, employees’ psychological needs mediate the impact of transparent leadership communication on employees’ information sharing and activism participation intentions in a CEO activism campaign. Ultimately, this study discussed theoretical and managerial contributions.
Factors Associated With Bullying Victimization and Bullying Perpetration in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Cuba Bustinza Carolina , Adams Ryan E. , Claussen Angelika H. , Vitucci Daniel , Danielson Melissa L. , Holbrook Joseph R. , Charania Sana N. , Yamamoto Kaila , Nidey Nichole , Froehlich Tanya E.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To identify characteristics associated with bullying involvement in pediatric ADHD.

Methods:

Data from the 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health for children aged 6 to 17 years with ADHD were evaluated to assess the association between parent-reported bullying victimization or perpetration and the following potential predictors: demographic characteristics, family factors, school factors, and child conditions/behaviors.

Results:

Among children with ADHD, 46.9% were bullying victims and 16.2% were perpetrators. Factors associated with victimization included having family financial strain, developmental delay or intellectual disability, friendship difficulties, and school reports about problems. Factors linked to perpetration included being male, receiving government assistance, lack of school engagement, school reports about problems, and having difficulties with friendships, staying calm, and arguing.

Conclusions:

Children with ADHD frequently were bullying victims and sometimes bullying perpetrators. Factors related to family financial strain, developmental disabilities, emotional regulation, peer relationships, and school functioning may help to identify risk for bullying and opportunities for anti-bullying interventions.
Specificity in the Study of Mixed Emotions: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Oh Vincent Y.S. , Tong Eddie M.W.
Published: April 2022

Research on mixed emotions is yet to consider emotion-specificity, the idea that same-valenced emotions have distinctive characteristics and functions. We review two decades of research on mixed emotions, focusing on evidence for the occurrence of mixed emotions and the effects of mixed emotions on downstream outcomes. We then propose a novel theoretical framework of mixed-emotion-specificity with three foundational tenets: (a) Mixed emotions are distinguishable from single-valenced emotions and other mixed emotions based on their emotion-appraisal relationships; (b) Mixed emotions can further be characterized by four patterns that describe relationships between simultaneous appraisals or appraisals that are unique to mixed emotions; and (c) Carryover effects occur only on outcomes that are associated with the appraisal characteristics of mixed emotion. We outline how mixed-emotion-specific effects can be predicted based on the appraisal tendency framework. Temporal dynamics, the application of mixed-emotion-specificity to individual difference research, methodological issues, and future directions are also discussed.
Loyalty as a Guide to Organizational Retention: Applying Moral Foundation Theory to Hospitality
Authors: McGinley Sean P. , Shi Xiaolin (Crystal)
Published: April 2022

Moral Foundations Theory is used to help explain human behavior and beliefs across cultural contexts. In this study, one specific foundation, loyalty, was used to predict intentions to stay in an organization and job embeddedness. Regulatory focus was proposed as a moderator to the association with prevention focus being found to be particularly salient. A total of 744 hospitality workers were recruited and acted as participants for this study. A two-wave time-lagged design was applied for the data collection. The results showed that loyalty as a moral foundation predicted organizational retention, and that the association was mediated by job embeddedness. Furthermore, the results suggested that prevention focus moderates the relations between hospitality employees’ loyalty and job embeddedness, and between loyalty and intention to stay. The positive associations become stronger for the prevention-focused employees.
Tourist Gaze at Chinese Classical Gardens: The Embodiment of Aesthetics (Yijing) in Tourism
Authors: Zheng Yanyan , Wei Wei , Zhang Lu , Ying Tianyu
Published: April 2022

Classical gardens offer ample cultural and natural landscapes for visitors to appreciate. Taking the tourist gaze as a theoretical lens, this study assumes a netnographic approach and conducts narrative analysis on travel blogs to explore visitors’ experiences at Chinese classical gardens. Findings revealed key domains of the gaze object (i.e., macro-level structural design and micro-level elements) and the way of gaze (i.e., spatial and temporal), which formed the Chinese gaze in the tourism context. Results further showed how gaze contributed to Yijing development, a unique Chinese aesthetic concept. This study enriches the tourism and aesthetics literature by positioning a classical aesthetic concept (Yijing) within a modern tourism practice (gaze). Practical implications for tourism development and destination marketing are provided.
Tourist Wellbeing: Re-Thinking Hedonic and Eudaimonic Dimensions
Authors: Filep Sebastian , Moyle Brent D. , Skavronskaya Liubov
Published: April 2022

Research on tourists’ eudaimonic and hedonic wellbeing has grown exponentially in the tourism literature. The paper re-examines the conceptualization of psychological tourist wellbeing. While there is agreement that tourist wellbeing is multidimensional in nature, it is unclear what specific dimensions, or psychological domains, underpin tourists’ hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. Models that summarize these domains seemingly overlap, notably the PERMA and DRAMMA models. Ideas on re-conceptualizing tourist wellbeing are proposed. A new conceptual model re-organizing hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions of tourists’ psychological wellbeing is presented for consideration in future research. This new model is termed DREAMA. It consists of the following dimensions: detachment-recovery (DR); engagement (E); affiliation (A); meaning (M); and achievement (A). The new affiliation dimension now includes both social connections and tourists’ connections with the natural environments, thus reframing tourist wellbeing conceptualization beyond human-to-human contact.
Late internalized double-flanged polypropylene with canabrava technique in patient with marfan syndrome
Authors: Canabrava Sérgio , Pinheiro Laura , Chaves Vizibelli , Barrientos Robinson
Published: April 2022

Introduction

This paper reports the first occurrence of a late internalized flange due to capsular contraction syndrome after undergoing the double-flanged surgical technique.

Case Description

A 32-year-old woman with Marfan syndrome underwent phacoemulsification using the double-flanged technique in both eyes. Two years postoperatively, a slit lamp examination revealed a capsular bag with anterior phimosis (capsular contraction syndrome) and the external flange internalized. The patient was submitted for a new surgery to re-fixate the capsular bag. The procedure was successfully accomplished. The intraocular lens was centered by the end of the procedure without areas of traction. The patient presented with best corrected visual acuity of 20/25 in both eyes postoperatively.

Conclusions

This paper recounts a successful re-approach of a late internalized double-flange two years after the first procedure in a patient that developed capsular contraction syndrome.
An integrated Artificial Intelligence and GIS spatial analyst tools for Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in complex terrain: Fincha Catchment, Abay Basi, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamiru Habtamu , Wagari Meseret , Tadese Bona
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Geospatial analysis and GIS platforms for the prospecting of potential groundwater zones was evaluated in Fincha catchment, Abay, Ethiopia. Components of geospatial data under morphometric, hydrologic, permeability, and surface dynamic change were confirmed as the criteria for prospecting groundwater potential zones. The influence of the individual criterion was ranked and weighted in Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) training model and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The correctness of the weights fixed in the ANN and AHP was evaluated with target data assigned to the networks and consistency index (CI) respectively. The weighted overlay analysis in the GIS environment was implemented to generate the promising zones in both approaches (ANN and GIS). The results obtained in the ANN model and GIS were evaluated based on pumping rate and ground-truthing points. Groundwater potential zones of five and four classes were delineated in AI and GIS techniques respectively, and this is an indicator for the effectiveness of AI in geospatial analysis for prospecting of potential zones than the traditional GIS technique. The percentage of accuracy in both methods was measured from the ROC curve and AUC. Therefore, it was found that the delineated groundwater potential zones and the ground-truthing points were agreed with 96% and 91% in the AI and GIS platforms respectively. Finally, it is concluded that the ANN model is an effective tool for the delineation of groundwater prospective zones.
The psychological impact of sexual torture: A gender-critical study of the perspective of UK-based clinicians and survivors
Authors: Dehghan Roghieh , Osella Caroline
Published: April 2022

Despite the high prevalence of sexual torture and its close link with gender, little work has been published on refugee torture survivors from Muslim-majority countries. The aim of this project was to introduce a gender-critical framework, that draws on post-modern and post-colonial feminism, to the study of sexual torture in terms of its operationalization and psychological impact in Iranian, Afghan, and Kurdish refugees in the United Kingdom (UK). This exploratory qualitative research was conducted in collaboration with two voluntary organizations in the UK. Mental healthcare providers (HCPs) were invited to participate through convenience sampling from amongst their staff as well as from community mental health services. Torture survivors were recruited through snowball sampling. The study consists of two parts: 1) semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a total of eight experts (doctors and therapists) and three torture survivors; followed by 2) a focus group with four experts to discuss the emerging results from the interviews and together reflect on the politics of gender and sexuality in the context of torture (‘assisted sense-making’). A thematic gender-critical analysis was performed for the qualitative data. Our findings from interviews with (only Kurdish) torture survivors and HCPs suggest that gender mediates the impact of sexual torture at the intersection of gender, cultural norms, forms of social inequality, and body politics. The conclusions of the study will have implications for health services by deepening our understanding of variables that intersect in an entangled and unpredictable network.
Defining bilingualism in infancy and toddlerhood: A scoping review
Authors: Rocha-Hidalgo Joscelin , Barr Rachel
Published: April 2022

Aims and objectives:

The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the population and languages studied and the methods and practices surrounding the definition of bilingualism in children below age 3.

Methodology:

A quantitative descriptive scoping review

Data and analysis:

From 530 articles, we identified 127 papers (167 studies) that met our predefined criteria, of which 144 studies defined their bilingual population.

Findings/conclusions:

The samples investigated were predominantly western in geographical origin and languages. Percent exposure was the most common method to measure bilingualism among infants and young children, with 20% and 25% the most used cutoffs as the minimum requirement for children’s second language. We also analyzed the predictive value of these cutoffs on the likelihood that studies reported a significant difference between monolinguals and bilinguals. The stricter the inclusion requirement for bilinguals was, the higher the odds of a study to report a difference between monolingual and bilingual children. We conclude that a lack of uniformity of definition in the field may be one factor that predicts whether or not significant differences are reported.

Originality:

This scoping review provides developmental researchers with a unique overview of the different practices used in the field to characterize bilingual and monolingual infants/toddlers. The reported results can be used as preliminary evidence for the field to report and carefully formulate how to categorize monolinguals and bilingual infants.

Significance/implications:

As globalization continues to foster migration and intercultural exchange, it is essential for developmental researchers to diversify their samples and language groups. We highly encourage researchers to carefully document the definitions and rationale for all their language groups and to consider analyzing the impact of bilingualism both from a categorical and continuous approach.
Time spent online and children’s self-reported life satisfaction in Norway: The socio-ecological perspective
Authors: Milosevic Tijana , Bhroin Niamh Ní , Ólafsson Kjartan , Staksrud Elisabeth , Wachs Sebastian
Published: April 2022

Despite public discourses highlighting the negative consequences of time spent online (TSO) for children’s well-being, Norwegian children (aged 9–16 years) use the Internet more than other European children and score higher on self-reported life satisfaction (SRLS). To explore the possibility that TSO might contribute to high life satisfaction or other underlying explanatory factors, we investigate the relationship between TSO and SRLS in Norway while also accounting for how individual, family, school, and broader social circumstances influence this relationship. Countering prevailing discourses, we find a positive relationship between TSO and SRLS, which remains positive and significant even after a wider range of variables are accounted for. By explaining the circumstances under which TSO has a positive effect on SRLS, this article provides evidence of the complex role that digital technology plays in the lives of children. It also provides a critique of the often simplistic arguments found in public discourses around children’s digital media use.
Adaptive guided wave-based damage identification under unknown load conditions
Authors: Ding Xuyun , Wang Xiaojun , Yu Yongbo , Chen Wenpin , Zeng Linxi
Published: April 2022

Damage identification methods based on guided waves (GWs) have been widely researched in the field of aircraft structural health monitoring. Notably, the existing research has not extensively considered the realization of accurate damage localization in an unknown load environment, although this aspect is of significance to the real-time safety assessment of aircraft structures. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive damage imaging method based on GW signals for typical aircraft structures subjected to unknown workloads. First, through the GW signals and load data sampled in the working load range, a mathematical model between the characteristics of the GW signal and load is established. Second, the active GW signal is adaptively compensated by the real-time identified load through the passive strain signal during the service process of the structure. Finally, the alternating time-reversal phase synthesis (ATRPS) method is used to accurately locate the damage in the monitoring area. The feasibility, applicability, and accuracy of the proposed methodology are validated by three levels of experimental cases. All results consistently indicate that reliable damage localization can be achieved under an unknown load environment.
Navigating the Demands of Tenure-Track Positions
Authors: Love Ashley S. , Morris Duston , Sego Anita
Published: April 2022

Navigating a tenure-track position can sometimes feel like walking the high wire, teetering from side to side wondering when that next overload course, research paper, or service project will topple you from your scholarly perch. Many of these positions lack significant formalized mentorship and guidance to help navigate and balance the workload of academia. Even with experience, the tenure and promotion process can be ambiguous. Workload balance is imperative to achieve tenure and promotion. Once you are in a tenure-track position, it is important to balance and understand the tenure and promotion process and its value. We provide a roadmap for early career academic professionals on how to balance their teaching, research, and service to obtain tenure and promotion. We inform the next generation of academicians about how researchers address public health problems through teaching, scholarship, and service. Finally, we explore five critical areas relevant to successful tenure and promotion: (a) classification and organizational culture, (b) the “Big Three” (teaching, research, and service), (c) professional development and network, (d) mentorship, and (e) work–life balance.
Reliability of the Emotional Experiences in Activities of Daily Living Scale
Authors: Hebert Karen R. , Ricker Timothy J.
Published: April 2022

There is a need to quantify daily emotional affect and demonstrate the range of emotions associated with occupational performance. We describe the development and psychometric testing of the Emotional Experiences in Activities of Daily Living Scale (EEADLs). A total of 343 individuals reported the frequency of positive and negative emotions in the context of activities of daily living. Factor analysis of emotional ratings and occupational areas was undertaken. Internal consistency was evaluated for each of the factors and the relationship between emotional ratings and task complexity was established. Internal consistency of emotional subscales was good (Cronbach’s α = .81–.82). Emotional ratings of daily activities varied by task complexity with more complex tasks rated as higher in both positive and negative valence. The findings of this study support the internal consistency of the EEADLs scale and suggest that assessment of emotional valence can occur within daily occupations.
Addressing Risk Perceptions of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure
Authors: Hurlbert Margot , Shasko Larissa , Neetz MIchaela
Published: April 2022

Concern over low-dose radiation (LDR) (exposure of less than 100 milligray (mGy)) is resulting in people refusing diagnostic procedures and medical treatment 1 and also inhibiting revision of the linear no-threshold (LNT) assumption that informs much of science policy. This article reviews representative surveys in Ontario and Saskatchewan and focus groups conducted with science and policy stakeholders in addressing how the public and policy stakeholders understand issues of exposure to LDR and how policy issues can be addressed.

Research results from focus groups demonstrated that policy stakeholders are knowledgeable about issues surrounding the public and perceptions about LDR and implications for policy consistent with LDR literature. Participants understood that the challenge went beyond providing more education about LDR and issues of emotions and biases must be addressed. This research resulted in rich suggestions for public communication and engagement surrounding LDR and a process for addressing the issue of the LNT.
Medical Encounters Among 94,033 Race Starters During a 16.1-km Running Event Over 3 Years in the Netherlands: SAFER XXVI
Authors: Sewry Nicola , Wiggers Tom , Schwellnus Martin
Published: April 2022

Background

There are limited data on the medical encounters (MEs) occurring during mass community-based running events of shorter distances (10-21.1 km). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and nature of MEs during the largest mass participation running event in the Netherlands.

Hypothesis

We hypothesize that the incidence and nature of MEs will be similar to other running events.

Study Design

Descriptive epidemiological study over 3 years of a 16.1-km (10-mile) running event.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods

We investigated a total of 94,033 race starters at the 2017-2019 Dam tot Damloop (16.1 km), a point-to-point road race from Amsterdam to Zaandam, the Netherlands. All MEs were recorded by race medical staff on race day each year. MEs were retrospectively coded by severity, organ system, and final specific diagnosis (2019 consensus statement definition on mass community-based events). Incidence ( I) per 1000 starters (95% CIs) were calculated for all MEs and serious/life-threatening MEs.

Results:

The overall incidence (per 1000 starters) of all MEs was 2.75 (95% CI, 2.44-3.11), the overall incidence of serious/life-threatening MEs was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.00-1.45; 44% of MEs). Heat illnesses accounted for most MEs: hypothermia I = 0.54 (95% CI, 0.41-0.71) and hyperthermia I = 0.46 (95% CI, 0.34-0.62). Central nervous system MEs were also common (dizziness/nausea, I = 0.79; 95% CI 0.63-0.99), followed by the cardiovascular system MEs (exercise-associated postural hypotension, I = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.26-0.51).

Conclusion

The overall incidence of MEs was low compared with longer-distance races (21.1-90 km), but the incidence and relative frequency of serious/life-threatening MEs (44% of all MEs) was much higher. Heat illness (hypothermia and exertional heat stroke) accounted for most serious/life-threatening MEs.

Clinical Relevance:

There is a need to implement prevention strategies and interventions by specialized medical practitioners in this and similar events.
Oral cancer diagnosis amid COVID-19 pandemic: Identifying tell-tale signs to avoid pitfalls in general dental practice
Authors: Jajeh Neda , Liew Jonathan , Sainuddin Sajid , Petersen Helen
Published: April 2022

This article details the unusual presentation of an oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) referred to secondary care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The patient’s chief complaints were trismus and pain from a lower left partially erupted third molar, which was assumed to be pericoronitis-related on referral. Intra-oral examination was difficult due to the patient’s symptoms, but radiographic assessment of an orthopantomogram (OPG) showed a pathological fracture and poorly defined radiolucency in the lower left third molar region. Oral SCC was diagnosed after biopsy, and surgery and radiotherapy were swiftly carried out despite COVID-19 restrictions. General dental practitioners (GDPs) remain the frontline healthcare professionals in the screening and detection of oral cancer through detailed history taking and examinations. Primary care dental practitioners should always remain vigilant with patients at risk of oral cancer. Prompt referral to secondary care for further investigations and management should be made when a suspicion of oral malignancy is raised, to ensure a better treatment outcome. Video consultations have had their merits in dentistry amid the coronavirus pandemic, but face-to-face consultations are essential to establish quality patient care.
Deceptive Behavior: Effects of Rational Thinking, Narcissism, and Self-Assessed Lie- and Truth Related Abilities
Authors: Elaad Eitan
Published: April 2022

The present study examined how narcissistic features, self-assessed lie- and truth-related abilities, and thinking processing style influence successful lying and convincing truth-telling. To this end, 100 undergraduate students completed the NPI, REI, and LTAAS questionnaires and drew two drawings each. They then presented to a panel of four fellow student judges, 0, 1, or 2 of their drawings together with other pictures, and tried to convince the panel that they had not drawn any of the drawings. Finally, judges reported whether they believed the presenter. Results showed positive correlations between narcissism, self-assessed lying ability, and self-reported rational thinking. Intuitive thinking predicted success in lie detection. The present results enrich our understanding of situational and personal factors involved in intuitive lie detection.
A Comparative Analysis of Frailty, Disability, and Sarcopenia With Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Akbik Omar S. , Al-Adli Nadeem , Pernik Mark N. , Hicks William H. , Hall Kristen , Aoun Salah G. , Bagley Carlos A.
Published: April 2022

Study Design

Retrospective case series study.

Objectives

This study aims to compare preoperative indices, including the modified frailty index-11 (mFI-11), modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and psoas muscle index (PMI), as they relate to outcomes in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Methods

We identified 235 patients who underwent thoracolumbar ASD surgery (≥4 levels). The mFI-11, mFI-5, ODI, and PMI were determined from preoperative visits and correlated to outcome measures, including perioperative transfusion, duration of anesthesia, hospital and ICU length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, readmission, change in ODI at last follow-up, revision surgery, and mortality.

Results

Our cohort had a mean age of 69.6 years and a male:female ratio of 1:2 with 177 undergoing an index surgery and 58 patients presenting after a failed multilevel fusion. The average number of levels fused was 9.3. The mFI-11 and mFI-5 were similar in predicting the need for intraoperative and postoperative transfusion. However, the mFI-11 was able to predict longer ICU and hospital LOS and mortality. The average preoperative ODI was 44.9% with an average decrease of 10.1% at the last follow-up. Preoperative ODI was the most significant predictor of postoperative change of ODI. Sarcopenia, defined as the lowest quartile of PMI values measured at L3 and L4, was not associated with any meaningful outcomes.

Conclusion

The mFI-11 better correlated with outcomes, indicating its increased prognostic value compared to other preoperative indices in ASD surgery. Preoperative ODI remains a significant predictor of postoperative change in ODI when evaluating ASD patients.