bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of auxiliary devices for removal of fluorescent residue after bracket debonding
Authors: Rocha Rafael Santos , Salomão Fabio Martins , Silveira Machado Lucas , Sundfeld Renato Herman , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari
Published: December 2016

Objective:

To evaluate four protocols for removal of fluorescent materials after bracket debonding.

Materials and Methods:

Resin removal from 40 bovine enamel surfaces was performed according to groups (n = 10): conventional (C), white LED (W), LED that evidenced fluorescence (F), and fluorescent lens (FL). The following analyses were performed: sample thickness, superficial area of resin residue, and areas of resin residue or worn enamel in depth. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze sample thickness (P ≤ .05). Area measurements were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (P ≤ .05).

Results:

The FL group showed the highest reduction in enamel thickness. F group final thickness was similar to that of other groups. The largest superficial areas of resin residue were found for the C and W groups, while the FL group had the greatest removal of resin residue. The C group exhibited the largest area in depth of resin residue. The FL and F groups exhibited the most loss of enamel with the least amount of resin residue; in contrast, the C and W groups presented the fewest areas of worn enamel and the most areas of resin residue.

Conclusion:

Auxiliary devices were useful for removal of fluorescent residue after bracket debonding.
Is Investment in Maize Research Balanced and Justified? An Empirical Study
Authors: Shrestha Hari Krishna , Gairhe Samaya
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the investment in maize research was adequate and balanced in Nepalese context.  Resource use in maize research was empirically studied with standard congruency analysis by using Full Time Equivalent (FTE) of researchers as a proxy measure of investment. The number of researchers involved in maize was 61 but it was only 21.25 on FTE basis, indicating that full time researchers were very few as compared to the cultivated area of maize in the country.  Statistical analysis revealed that the investment in maize research was higher in Tarai and lower in the Hills. Congruency index on actual production basis was found low across the eco-zones and even lower across the geographical regions indicating that the investment in maize research was a mismatch and not justified. While adjusted with the equity factor and the research progress factor in the analysis substantial difference was not found in congruency index. This study recommends that substantial increase in investment in maize research is needed with balanced and justified manner across the eco-zones and the geographical regions. Hills need special attention to increase the investment as maize output value is higher in this eco-zone. Eastern and western regions also need increased investment in maize according to their contribution in the output value.
Editor-author Relation
Authors: Baral Gehanath
Published: December 2016

Authors should put some efforts not for publishing only but for publishing something good and substantial.
Stress in women with Reproductive Failure
Authors: Bhandari Sunita
Published: December 2016

Aims: The study aim to measure the level of stress in women with recurrent miscarriage and infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment using psychological, endocrinological and immunological markers of stress.Methods: Group A（Recurrent Miscarriage Group, RM Group） of 20 women who had had at least three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions after negative biomedical diagnostic screening test; Group B (Infertility Group) of 40 infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment after down-regulation with Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist in a long protocol and Group C (Control Group) of 15 fertile women were asked to complete the stress questionnaires : the Perceived stress scale (PSS), the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the Positive and Negative Scale (PANAS) and the SF-12 Health Survey. Blood samples were collected to measure natural killer (NK) cells and cortisol levels.Results: The score of stress questionnaires were significantly high in women with reproductive failure compared to fertile control group (p=0.023 for PSS; p=0.011 for FPI; p=0.013 for negative scale of PANAS) and the score of MCS from SF-12 Health Survey was significantly lower compared to control group (p=0.001). However, no significant differences were seen between women with RM and infertile women undergoing IVF treatment. Women with reproductive failure have increased number of peripheral NK cells compared to controls (p=0.000). No significant difference was found in the serum cortisol level between the women with reproductive failure and fertile women.Conclusions: Women with reproductive failure perceived higher levels of psychological stress. Level of stress in women with recurrent miscarriage is comparable to that of infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment. Increased numbers of NK cells were found in the peripheral blood of women with reproductive failure.
Orodental biopsies in females: a 23 year study
Authors: Sharma Bishnu Prasad , Baral Reetu
Published: December 2016

Aims: Tissue diagnosis is an essential step to come to a confirmed diagnosis in oral lesions where clinical examination alone can often be difficult and inaccurate. The aim of this study was to assess the use of histopathological services by the dental department and to correlate the clinicopathological diagnosis in females who visited Patan Hospital.Methods: This is a histopathological database analysis of dental biopsies in 23 years from 1989 to 2012 in Patan Hospital. The variables studied were age, sex, clinical and histopathological diagnosis. SPSS version 16 was used as an analytical tool.Results: Out of 396 dental biopsies 203 (51.3%) were females and 193 (48.7%) were males with mean age 34.34 years and standard deviation of 17.9 years. Malignant tumor was seen in six female cases, all of which was squamous cell carcinoma. The total number of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions was 44% and 56% respectively in both the sexes. Conclusion: Most diagnoses were benign in nature and had an inflammatory etiology.
Teenage Pregnancy and Obstetric Outcome: A Comparative Study In Urban Nigeria
Authors: Eugene Ikeanyi , Israel Jeremiah , Atombosoba Ekine
Published: December 2016

Aims: Teenage pregnancy is a worldwide problem that poses social and health concerns in both industrialized and developing countries. This study therefore sought to evaluate the relevance of age at first pregnancy on obstetric performance.Methods: This was a case control analytical, observational study of teenage women as study group and older control subgroup aged 20-34 years that had their first childbirth between 2009 and 2013 at a mission Hospital in Benin City, South- South, Nigeria. Statistical analysis was with computer statistical software with statistical significance set at p<.05.Results: The incidence of teenage nullipara in this study was 1.1%. The study group were more likely to be unmarried (OR=9.6, P<0.001), unemployed (OR=6.6, P=0.001), attained below secondary level of education (OR=8.4, P< 0.001) and less likely to attain post secondary level of education (OR=0.05, P<0.001), lack prenatal care (OR=2.1, P=0.15),have vaginal delivery (OR: 5.7, P=0.01), less caesarean section rate (OR=0.2, P=0.01), weighed less at booking and last prenatal visits (P<0.001) respectively and   neonates  weighing less at birth (t=2.1, P=0.04).Conclusion:Teenage pregnancy was more a social than an obstetric problem. Adequate empowerment before reproductive role, discouragement of early marriage and or childbearing is hereby proffered.
Maternal Collapse during Caesarean Section: Two Case Reports
Authors: Pradhan Ritu , Gurung Tara , Shrestha Sangeeta , Basnet Ujjwol , Sharma Kiran R , Shrestha Amirbabu
Published: December 2016

Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal collapse in our part of the world. That can result in cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest during caesarean section is a rare complication which is challenging to both the anaesthesiologists and the obstetricians. Here we are reporting two case series of cardiac arrest during caesarean section following delivery of baby due to haemorrhage. Both the cases revived after prompt and active resuscitation followed by massive blood transfusion.
Utilization of Antenatal care services in present pregnancy among the women attending in a Teaching Hospital for delivery
Authors: Thapa Meena , Yadav S , Bhujel K
Published: December 2016

Aims: To study attendance of antenatal care services during present pregnancy by pregnant women coming for delivery in a teaching hospital of Kathmandu and to analyze the   impact of educational status, age group, gravida (number of pregnancy) and occupation of the women on antenatal care service utilization.Methods: Uncomplicated, term pregnant women who came for delivery in labour or for induction of labour or elective cesarean section were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Six hundred and four pregnant women were studied. Antenatal care coverage in studied population was found to be 94.8% with adequate (four) antenatal care visits in 83.4%. Women belonged to 20 to 30 years of age group and higher education status had higher rate of antenatal care attendance where as women who belonged to labor class (daily earner) had significantly lower rate of adequate antenatal care attendance. Number of pregnancy (gravida) of the women did not show association with rate of antenatal care attendance.Conclusions: Over all antenatal care attendance in this study is very high. Women of 20 to 30 years of age and higher education status had positive effect on antenatal care attendance, where as women who were daily earner or labour had higher rate of failure to attend antenatal care visits.
Urinary Complication Following Cystocele Repair in Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Shrestha Sweety
Published: December 2016

Aims: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition in our country which affects the quality of life of many women. After vaginal operations for genital prolapse, there is increased chance of urinary tract infections, retention of urine and re-catheterization.The objective of this study is to evaluate  women with cystocele  in terms of clinical profile, different modalities of treatment and the complication  following repair.Methods: It is a descriptive study carried out amongst 80 cases of cystocele irrespective of associated uterine descent and stress incontinence of urine in College Of Medical Sciences – Teaching Hospital, Nepal from 1/9/201l to 30/10/2013. Results: During the study, 80 women  with  cystocele  were enrolled. Majority of the women (66.3%, n =53) with cystocele were within 15 to 45 years and 53.8% (n=43) of them had parity beyond 5. Among these women, 51.4% (n=41) had second degree cystocele  and 23.8% (n=19) had stress urinary incontinence. Majority of the women (58.8%, n=40) underwent vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair. Following surgery, the most common complication was urinary tract infection (14.7%, n = 10).Conclusions: In this study, majority of the cases with cystocele were in the reproductive age with parity beyond 5 while maximum number of the women with cystocele had associated third degree uterocervical descent. Urinary tract infection was the commonest complication following surgical treatment followed by retention of urine.
The real estate crash of 2007-8 as a systemic failure
Authors: Olson David L.
Published: December 2016

This article considers the 2007-8 real estate market as a complex adaptive system. The article begins with a discussion of its perception of a system. Given that definition, system elements are reviewed. Agents include mortgage holders, lending institutions of a variety of forms, insurers, and regulatory agencies. The focus is on the US with some comparison to the UK and Canada. This system was affected by economics with heavy governmental influence. A market that had been highly stable for decades reacted very negatively to the influences of financial engineering seeking to take advantage of expedient opportunities. The complex interactions of financial and governmental actors led to the apparent (and most likely temporary) disappearance of many paper fortunes, as well as leading to the demise of some established banking institutions and foreclosure of many homes in certain areas. Conversely, Canadian real estate markets had less relaxation of regulation, and experienced fewer risky mortgages. The evolution of the real estate system from a systems perspective is described, with analysis of interactions among actors.
Design deficiencies in corporate career web-sites in India: A content analysis
Authors: Banerjee Pratyush , Gupta Ritu
Published: December 2016

A content analysis of career websites of 100 employers of India featured in the 2015 ‘ Best Companies to Work For’ survey for Indian organizations was conducted followed by a cluster analysis to categorize the different types of career websites. The content analysis was carried out on the basis of frequency of presence of primary, secondary and tertiary website features. A k-means clustering approach was adopted to differentiate career websites in terms of their focus. The analysis revealed four distinct clusters- Dual-purpose (42 websites); Deficient (10 websites); Recruiting-oriented (10 websites) and Screening-oriented (38 websites). The study should help HR managers comprehend that attracting talent through online media needs to be given more thought to make sure that their firm can project itself as the most desirable employer in the eyes of job-seekers.
Effect of Vascular Risk Factors on the Progression of Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Bergland Anne Katrine , Dalen Ingvild , Larsen Alf Inge , Aarsland Dag , Soennesyn Hogne
Published: December 2016

Background: Vascular risk factors (VRF) are associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease.

Objective: To examine the association between VRF and cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD).

Methods: We included consecutive referrals with mild AD or LBD to dementia clinics in western Norway from 2005 to 2013. The Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) were administered at baseline and then annually for up to five years. The VRF include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight and smoking. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to examine the potential association between VRF scores and the change in MMSE and CDR-SB scores, adjusting for age, sex, and the apolipoprotein ɛ4 allele (APOE4).

Results: A total of 200 patients were included (113 AD, 87 LBD) (mean age 76 years, mean baseline MMSE 24.0, mean follow-up time 3.5 years). Smoking was the only VRF significantly associated with a more rapid cognitive decline, however only in the AD group. Being overweight at baseline was associated with a slower cognitive decline. Moreover, hypertension at baseline predicted a slower decline in MMSE scores. In the LBD group diabetes mellitus was found to be associated with a slower increase in CDR-SB scores.

Conclusion: With the exception of smoking, VRF at time of dementia diagnosis were not associated with a more rapid cognitive decline.
Altered Gut Microbiome Composition and Tryptic Activity of the 5xFAD Alzheimer’s Mouse Model
Authors: Brandscheid Carolin , Schuck Florian , Reinhardt Sven , Schäfer Karl-Herbert , Pietrzik Claus U. , Grimm Marcus , Hartmann Tobias , Schwiertz Andreas , Endres Kristina
Published: December 2016

The regulation of physiological gut functions such as peristalsis or secretion of digestive enzymes by the central nervous system via the Nervus vagus is well known. Recent investigations highlight that pathological conditions of neurological or psychiatric disorders might directly interfere with the autonomous neuronal network of the gut – the enteric nervous system, or even derive from there. By using a murine Alzheimer’s disease model, we investigated a potential influence of disease-associated changes on gastrointestinal properties. 5xFAD mice at three different ages were compared to wild type littermates in regard to metabolic parameters and enzymes of the gut by fluorimetric enzyme assay and western blotting. Overexpression of human amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) within the gut was assessed by qPCR and IHC; fecal microbiome analysis was conducted by 16SrRNA quantitation of selected phyla and species. While general composition of fecal samples, locomotion, and food consumption of male 5xFAD animals were not changed, we observed a reduced body weight occurring at early pathological stages. Human AβPP was not only expressed within the brain of these mice but also in gut tissue. Analysis of fecal proteins revealed a reduced trypsin amount in the 5xFAD model mice as compared to the wild type. In addition, we observed changes in fecal microbiota composition along with age. We therefore suggest that the presence of the mutated transgenes (AβPP and PS1), which are per se the basis for the genetic form of Alzheimer’s disease in humans, directly interferes with gut function as shown here for the disease model mice.
Association of Cancer History with Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia and Neuropathology
Authors: Yarchoan Mark , James Bryan D. , Shah Raj C. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Wilson Robert S. , Schneider Julie , Bennett David A. , Arnold Steven E.
Published: December 2016

Background: Cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common diseases of aging and share many risk factors. Surprisingly, however, epidemiologic data from several recent independent cohort studies suggest that there may be an inverse association between these diseases.

Objective: To determine the relationship between history of cancer and odds of dementia proximate to death and neuropathological indices of AD.

Methods: Using data from two separate clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging and AD, the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), we compared odds of AD dementia proximate to death among participants with and without a history of cancer. We then examined the relation of history of cancer with measures of AD pathology at autopsy, i.e., paired helical filament tau (PHFtau) neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β load.

Results: Participants reporting a history of cancer had significantly lower odds of AD (OR 0.70 [0.55–0.89], p = 0.0040) proximate to death as compared to participants reporting no prior history of cancer. The results remained significant after adjusting for multiple risk factors including age, sex, race, education, and presence of an APOE ɛ4 allele. At autopsy, participants with a history of cancer had significantly fewer PHFtau tangles ( p < 0.001) than participants without a history of cancer, but similar levels of amyloid-β.

Conclusions: Cancer survivors have reduced odds of developing AD and a lower burden of neurofibrillary tangle deposition.
Assessing Ovarian Reserve
Authors: Begum Mosammat Rashida
Published: December 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 65-66
Infant Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children of Less Than 1 Year
Authors: Lubna Mustanshirah , Begum Nazma , Khatoon Soofia
Published: December 2016

Objective(s): To determine infant feeding practices along with the nutritional status of under 1 year children.Materials and Method: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Paediatrics of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital during the period from July to December 2012 on 52 admitted children of 29 days to 1 year of age.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was found in 19 (86.4%) cases in under 6 months age group and 3 (10.0%) cases in more than 6 months age group. Complementary feeding with breastfeeding was found in 76% of more than 6 months old infant. Majority patients in both groups received breastfeeding >8 times / 24 hour. Ninety five percent infants of ? 6 months of age who were on exclusive breastfeeding and eighty three percent infants of > 6 months who were on breastfeeding plus complementary feeding were in normal nutritional status.Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding in infants upto 6 months of age and breastfeeding with complimentary feeding in more than 6 months of age provided better nutritional status.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 74-79
Haematocrit Value in Preeclampsia
Authors: Basak Sankar Kumar , Begum Kohinoor , Rashid Maliha , Yasmin Nahid , Begum Hasina
Published: December 2016

Objective(s): To assess the association between the haematocrit value and severity of preeclampsia.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 100 patients were studied and they were divided into two groups  group-A and group-B. Fifty preeclamptic patients were included in the group-A and 50 normal pregnant women were included in the group-B.Results: Majority of preeclamptic women (68%) and normal pregnant women (76%) were in the age group of 20-30 years with the mean ages of group-A and group-B subjects were 26.50±5.71 and 26.26±4.91 years respectively. Eighty six percent of group-A and 70% of group-B women were of lower socioeconomic status. Majority of the study subjects (74% of group-A and 80% of group-B) were housewife. More than half (54%) of the preeclamptic women were primigravid and 60% of normal pregnant women were multigravid. Among the preeclamptic subjects 16 (32%) had mild hypertension (DBP<110mmHg) and 34 (68%) had severe hypertension (DBP ? 110 mmHg). Out of 50 preeclamptic subjects 45 (90%) had severe proteinuria (+++) and only 5 (10%) had moderate (++) proteinuria.The mean haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients was 34.881±3.03 and that of normal pregnant women was 31.94±1.2. It was statistically significant (P value 0.001). The mean haematocrit value of normal pregnant, mild and severe preeclamptic women were 31.94±1.2, 33.31±2.57 and 35.62±2.95 respectively. It was also statistically significant (P value 0.001).Conclusion: This study shows that haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients is significantly higher compared to that of the normal pregnant women (P<0.05). There is a strong association of increasead haematocrit and preeclampsia.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 80-85
Precocious Puberty  A Case Report
Authors: Begum Poly , Saha Dipti Rani , Hassan Md Kamrul
Published: December 2016

The parents of a 04-year-old girl bring her to a Gynaecologist because of breast development, appearance of pubic hair and periodic per vaginal bleeding. Her medical history is unremarkable. The parents are of average height, and the mother reports first menstruating when she was 11 years old. At physical examination, the girl is 100 cm tall , weighs 17 kg, and has a bodymass index of 17. Her pubertal development is classified as Tanner stage 3 breast development and Tanner stage 2 pubic hair development. She was diagnosed as a case of precocious puberity. Appearance of secondary sexual development before the age of 9 in a male child and before the age of 8 in a female child is called precocious puberty. When the cause of precocious puberty is premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, it is called central or complete precocious puberty and she was a case of central precocious puberty. After proper consult she was treated by GnRHa suppressor of pituitary till 11 years of age.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 109-112
Abstracts Vol.30(2)
Authors: Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: December 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 119-121
Designing a Novel High-Performance FBG-OADM Based on Finite Element and Eigenmode Expansion Methods
Authors: Yang Sheng-Chih , He Yue-Jing , Wun Yi-Jyun
Published: December 2016

This study designed a novel high-performance fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) by referring to current numerical simulation methods. The proposed FBG-OADM comprises two single-mode fibers placed side by side. Both optical fibers contained an FBG featuring identical parameters and the same geometric structure. Furthermore, it fulfills the full width at half maximum (FWHM) requirement for dense wavelength-division multiplexers (DWDMs) according to the International Telecommunication Union (i.e., FWHM < 0.4 nm). Of all related numerical calculation methods, the combination of the finite element method (FEM) and eigenmode expansion method (EEM), as a focus in this study, is the only one suitable for researching and designing large-scale components. To enhance the accuracy and computational performance, this study used numerical methods—namely, the object meshing method, the boundary meshing method, the perfectly matched layer, and the perfectly reflecting boundary—to simulate the proposed FBG-OADM. The simulation results showed that the novel FBG-OADM exhibited a −3 dB bandwidth of 0.0375 nm. In addition, analysis of the spectrum revealed that the drop port achieved the power output of 0 dB at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.
Rethinking of Critical Regionalism in High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Zahiri Nima , Dezhdar Omid , Foroutan Manouchehr
Published: December 2016

The character of height and density of newly high-rise cities, along with the force of globalization, have jeopardized the character of dwellings once entailing a regional flavor. The critical regionalism which serves as a resistant medium against placelessness and lack of identity in the International Style has focused more on mid-rise or low-rise solutions rather than providing direct high-rise resolutions. Additionally, high-rise endeavors are not compatible with critical regionalism theories. This has happened partly due to critical regionalism theories multi-facet character inherent in its dialectic structure. Thus, to remedy the inadvertency of texts in the discourse of architectural regionalism, the present study seeks rethinking of critical regionalism by focusing on the pathology of high-rise buildings in the issues pertaining to place and identity. Finally, the architectonic articulation to place-making and identity-giving is discussed.
Study on the Growth of Holes in Cold Spraying via Numerical Simulation and Experimental Methods
Authors: Huang Guosheng , Wang Hongren , Li Xiangbo , Xing Lukuo
Published: December 2016

Cold spraying is a promising method for rapid prototyping due to its high deposition efficiency and high-quality bonding characteristic. However, many researchers have noticed that holes cannot be replenished and will grow larger and larger once formed, which will significantly decrease the deposition efficiency. No work has yet been done on this problem. In this paper, a computational simulation method was used to investigate the origins of these holes and the reasons for their growth. A thick copper coating was deposited around the pre-drilled, micro-size holes using a cold spraying method on copper substrate to verify the simulation results. The results indicate that the deposition efficiency inside the hole decreases as the hole become deeper and narrower. The repellant force between the particles perpendicular to the impaction direction will lead to porosity if the particles are too close. There is a much lower flattening ratio for successive particles if they are too close at the same location, because the momentum energy contributes to the former particle’s deformation. There is a high probability that the above two phenomena, resulting from high powder-feeding rate, will form the original hole, which will grow larger and larger once it is formed. It is very important to control the powder feeding rate, but the upper limit is yet to be determined by further simulation and experimental investigation.
Phosphorus in Preferential Flow Pathways of Forest Soils in Germany
Authors: Julich Dorit , Julich Stefan , Feger Karl-Heinz
Published: December 2016

The transport of nutrients in forest soils predominantly occurs along preferential flow pathways (PFP). This study investigated the composition of phosphorus (P) forms in PFPs and soil matrix in several temperate beech forests with contrasting soil P contents in Germany. The PFPs were visualized using dye tracer experiments. Stained and unstained soil was sampled from three profile cuts per plot and analyzed for P fractions. The results show that labile P concentrations were highest in the O-layer and had the same range of values at all sites (240–320 mg·kg−1), although total P (TP) differed considerably (530–2330 mg·kg−1). The ratio of labile P to TP was significantly lower in the P-rich soil compared to the medium and P-poor soils. By contrast, the ratio of moderately labile P to TP was highest at the P-rich site. The shifts in P fractions with soil depth were generally gradual in the P-rich soil, but more abrupt at the others. The contents of labile and moderately labile P clearly differed in PFPs compared to soil matrix, but not statistically significant. The studied soils are characterized by high stone contents with low potential for P sorption. However, indications were found that labile organically bound P accumulates in PFPs such as biopores.
Breeding Trends of Fruit and Vegetable Crops for Organic Production in Lithuania
Authors: Sasnauskas Audrius , Bendokas Vidmantas , Karklelienė Rasa , Juškevičienė Danguolė , Šikšnianas Tadeušas , Gelvonauskienė Dalia , Rugienius Rytis , Baniulis Danas , Sikorskaitė-Gudžiūnienė Sidona , Mažeikienė Ingrida , Radzevičius Audrius , Maročkienė Nijolė , Dambrauskas Eugenijus , Stanys Vidmantas
Published: December 2016

At the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre of Agriculture, Babtai, Lithuania, 27 fruit cultivars and 25 vegetable cultivars suitable for organic production were included in the National Plant Variety List and into the European Union Common Catalogue of Agricultural Plant and Vegetable Varieties. The cultivar development programs have focused on improving cold hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, and yield, as well as on shipping, shelf life qualities, plant development, and biotechnological applications.
Vermiculture for Sustainable Organic Agriculture in Madagascar
Authors: Ranaivoarisoa Holy , Ravoninjiva Solofoniaina , Ramananarivo Sylvain , Ramananarivo Romaine
Published: December 2016

Despite the possession of arable land, Malagasy farmers do not have sufficient access to capital and equipment and invest little to improve their low agricultural productivity in Madagascar. Vermicomposting is the result of research on the culture of earthworms to overcome problems with fertilization and provide benefits to farmers, including improvement in crop performance and yield, and preservation of the environment. Each farmer can practice vermicomposting because of its simple technology. Our concern has been how to develop the production and use of vermicompost at the household level in rural areas in order to solve problems of soil fertility, improve agricultural productivity, and increase farmers' incomes with this organic technique. Thus, the objective of this research was to propose a model for the development of production and use of vermicompost in rural areas in order to minimize the costs of agricultural inputs, improve soil fertility and increase long-term household incomes. A typology of operators was carried out according to defined factors of production and activities performed, followed by a socio-economic analysis and a comparative analysis based on the types obtained. It will be essential to clearly define a national policy on organic farming by supporting private sector groups, NGOs or associations, and encouraging farmers to produce their own fertilizer. Technical and financial support will be needed for the development of concrete visual references which can demonstrate the technical and economic value that organic farming brings using vermicompost.
Production of Konjac Glucomannan Antimicrobial Film for Extending Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Vegetables
Authors: Saeheng Panya , Eamsakulrat Panuwat , Mekkerdchoo Orachorn , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda
Published: December 2016

The aim of this research was to produce konjac glucomannan (KGM) antimicrobial film with added sweet basil oil (SB) (Ocimum basilicum) as an antimicrobial agent for inhibiting coliform bacteria which is the type most often found in fresh-cut vegetables. The concentrations of SB oil in the emulsion that inhibited the most antimicrobial growth were 4% and 6% (v/v). Film-forming conditions were evaluated by varying the volume of KGM solution per area (0.325, 0.455 and 0.585 mL·cm−2) and the concentration of SB oil (4% and 6%). After mixing the film emulsions, the emulsions were dried on a tray dryer at 50 °C for 10 h. After drying, the results showed that KGM film made at 0.325 mL·cm−2 with SB oil at 4% resulted in the smoothest surface. When the film was tested against Escherichia coli, KGM at 0.325 mL·cm−2 with 4% SB oil and at 455 mL·cm−2 with 6% SB oil produced the greatest inhibition. Film with SB oil at 4% was used to study film properties. Physical properties of the film such as tensile strength (68.08 MPa) and % elongation (33.56%) as well as water vapor transmission rate (4.44 × 10−3 g·cm−2·h−1) were determined. The KGM/SB film did not show an antimicrobial effect on packages of fresh-cut baby cos lettuce or spring onion under the experimental conditions. Further work will be carried out to study more closely the controlled release properties of KGM/SB film to enhance its antimicrobial effects. These improvements could help to develop a more successful application for its use as a natural biopreservative in minimally-processed products like fresh-cut vegetables.
Occurrence and Distribution of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Sweet Potato Fields in the Philippines and Their Implication in the Biological Control of Sweet Potato Weevil
Authors: Gapasin Ruben , Lim Jesusito , Oclarit Elvira , Ubaub Leslie , Alde Mannylen
Published: December 2016

The sweet potato weevil (Cyclas formicarius Fabr.) remains a serious threat to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir.) production and is considered the most destructive pest of sweet potatoes in the field and storagein the Philippines. Chemical control of the weevil is seldom practiced by farmers because they find it too costly, it may increase the chance for pesticide resistance, and because of public concern of its effectson non-target organisms. The use of biological controls such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) could offer an effective, economical, and environmentally-friendly alternative management of the weevil. This study determined the occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in selected sweet potato growing areas in the Philippines. Using soil from 13 sweet potato growing areas, EPNs were recovered using the insect baiting method. Morbid insect larvae were suspended in sterile water for 48 h, and the suspension was examined under a stereomicroscope for the presence of EPN. Out of 47 samples collected from the 13 sweet potato production areas, 39 (82%) were positive for the presence of EPNs. Preliminary identification of the EPNs through morphological characters showed that they belonged to Rhaditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae. This is the first report on the occurrence of EPNs in sweet potato fields in the Philippines, and their distribution strongly supports the possibility of utilizing them in an IPM management approach as biological agents against the sweet potato weevil. Morphometric and molecular-based identification and pathogenicity studies are underway.
Driver Vision Based Perception-Response Time Prediction and Assistance Model on Mountain Highway Curve
Authors: Li Yi , Chen Yuren
Published: December 2016

To make driving assistance system more humanized, this study focused on the prediction and assistance of drivers’ perception-response time on mountain highway curves. Field tests were conducted to collect real-time driving data and driver vision information. A driver-vision lane model quantified curve elements in drivers’ vision. A multinomial log-linear model was established to predict perception-response time with traffic/road environment information, driver-vision lane model, and mechanical status (last second). A corresponding assistance model showed a positive impact on drivers’ perception-response times on mountain highway curves. Model results revealed that the driver-vision lane model and visual elements did have important influence on drivers’ perception-response time. Compared with roadside passive road safety infrastructure, proper visual geometry design, timely visual guidance, and visual information integrality of a curve are significant factors for drivers’ perception-response time.
Epidemiologic Features of Enterovirus 71-Associated Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease from 2009 to 2013 in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Wang Zhifang , Lv Huakun , Zhu Wenming , Mo Zhe , Mao Guangming , Wang Xiaofeng , Lou Xiaoming , Chen Yongdi
Published: December 2016

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) usually causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) with severe clinical symptoms and even deaths in China. There is no efficient antiviral drug to protect against severe EV71-associated HFMD, making the development of EV71 vaccines therefore a priority. However, the potential target subject population(s) to be immunized with EV71 vaccine are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the epidemiology regarding EV71-associated HFMD on the basis of provincial-level surveillance. We extracted data on EV71-associated HFMD from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in Zhejiang Province, China between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 (n = 7650). The higher incidence rate of EV71 cases occurred in those children aged 12–23 months, with boys being predominant. Interestingly, different peaks activities of EV71 infection was observed in different calendar year, with one peak in 2009 and 2013 and two peaks in 2010–2012. However, EV71 infection seemed to predominately occur in warm season and a distinguished cyclic peak that seemed to be of about 12 months. Children aged 12–23 months are thus identified as an important target population for public health intervention, for example, it is recommended that these key subjects immunized with EV71 vaccine. In addition, an enhanced surveillance system for EV71-associated with HFMD needs to focus on generic and phylogenetic analysis.
Crustal and Upper Mantle Density Structure Beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Surrounding Areas Derived from EGM2008 Geoid Anomalies
Authors: Li Honglei , Fang Jian
Published: December 2016

As the most active plateau on the Earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) has a complex crust–mantle structure. Knowledge of the distribution of such a structure provides information for understanding the underlying geodynamic processes. We obtain a three-dimensional model of the density of the crust and the upper mantle beneath the TP and surrounding areas from height anomalies using the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008). We refine the estimated density in the model iteratively using an initial density contrast model. We confirm that the EGM2008 products can be used to constrain the crust–mantle density structures. Our major findings are: (1) At a depth of 300–400 km, high-D(ensity) anomalies terminate around the Jinsha River Suture (JRS) in the central TP, which suggests that the Indian Plate has reached across the Bangong Nujiang Suture (BNS) and almost reaches the JRS. (2) On the eastern TP, low-D(ensity) anomalies at a depth of 0–300 km and with high-D anomalies at 400–670 km further verified the current eastward subduction of the Indian Plate. The ongoing subduction process provides force that results in frequent earthquakes and volcanoes. (3) At a depth of 600 km, low-D anomalies inside the TP illustrate the presence of hot weak material beneath it, which contribute to the inward thrusting of external material.
BAG2 Interferes with CHIP-Mediated Ubiquitination of HSP72
Authors: Schönbühler Bianca , Schmitt Verena , Huesmann Heike , Kern Andreas , Gamerdinger Martin , Behl Christian
Published: December 2016

The maintenance of cellular proteostasis is dependent on molecular chaperones and protein degradation pathways. Chaperones facilitate protein folding, maturation, and degradation, and the particular fate of a misfolded protein is determined by the interaction of chaperones with co-chaperones. The co-factor CHIP (C-terminus of HSP70-inteacting protein, STUB1) ubiquitinates chaperone substrates and directs proteins to the cellular degradation systems. The activity of CHIP is regulated by two co-chaperones, BAG2 and HSPBP1, which are potent inhibitors of the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Here, we examined the functional correlation of HSP72, CHIP, and BAG2, employing human primary fibroblasts. We showed that HSP72 is a substrate of CHIP and that BAG2 efficiently prevented the ubiquitination of HSP72 in young cells as well as aged cells. Aging is associated with a decline in proteostasis and we observed increased protein levels of CHIP as well as BAG2 in senescent cells. Interestingly, the ubiquitination of HSP72 was strongly reduced during aging, which revealed that BAG2 functionally counteracted the increased levels of CHIP. Interestingly, HSPBP1 protein levels were down-regulated during aging. The data presented here demonstrates that the co-chaperone BAG2 influences HSP72 protein levels and is an important modulator of the ubiquitination activity of CHIP in young as well as aged cells.
The Genetic Codes: Mathematical Formulae and an Inverse Symmetry-Information Relationship
Authors: Négadi Tidjani
Published: December 2016

First, mathematical formulae faithfully describing the distributions of amino acids and codons and reproducing the degeneracies in the various known genetic codes, including the standard genetic code, are constructed, by hand. Second, we summarize another mathematical approach relying on the use of q-deformations to describe these same genetic codes, and add a new application not considered before. Third, by considering these same genetic codes, we find, qualitatively, that an inverse symmetry-information relationship exists.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of WAIS-IV in a Clinical Sample: Examining a Bi-Factor Model
Authors: Collinson Rachel , Evans Stephen , Wheeler Miranda , Brechin Don , Moffitt Jenna , Hill Geoff , Muncer Steven
Published: December 2016

There have been a number of studies that have examined the factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV (WAIS-IV) using the standardization sample. In this study, we investigate its factor structure on a clinical neuropsychology sample of mixed aetiology. Correlated factor, higher-order and bi-factor models are all tested. Overall, the results suggest that the WAIS-IV will be suitable for use with this population.
Determination of Material Strengths by Hydraulic Bulge Test
Authors: Wang Hankui , Xu Tong , Shou Binan
Published: December 2016

The hydraulic bulge test (HBT) method is proposed to determine material tensile strengths. The basic idea of HBT is similar to the small punch test (SPT), but inspired by the manufacturing process of rupture discs—high-pressure hydraulic oil is used instead of punch to cause specimen deformation. Compared with SPT method, the HBT method can avoid some of influence factors, such as punch dimension, punch material, and the friction between punch and specimen. A calculation procedure that is entirely based on theoretical derivation is proposed for estimate yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. Both conventional tensile tests and hydraulic bulge tests were carried out for several ferrous alloys, and the results showed that hydraulic bulge test results are reliable and accurate.
The Improvement of Dehydriding the Kinetics of NaMgH3 Hydride via Doping with Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Zhong-Min , Tao Song , Li Jia-Jun , Deng Jian-Qiu , Zhou Huaiying , Yao Qingrong
Published: December 2016

NaMgH3 perovskite hydride and NaMgH3–carbon nanomaterials (NH-CM) composites were prepared via the reactive ball-milling method. To investigate the catalytic effect of CM on the dehydriding kinetic properties of NaMgH3 hydride, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) were used as catalytic additives. It was found that dehydriding temperatures and activation energies (ΔE1 and ΔE2) for two dehydrogenation steps of NaMgH3 hydride can be greatly reduced with a 5 wt. % CM addition. The NH–2.5M–2.5G composite presents better dehydriding kinetics, a lower dehydriding temperature, and a higher hydrogen-desorbed amount (3.64 wt. %, 638 K). ΔE1 and ΔE2 can be reduced by about 67 kJ/mol and 30 kJ/mol, respectively. The results suggest that the combination of MWCNTs and GO is a better catalyst as compared to MWCNTs or GO alone.
Microstructures and Properties Evolution of Al-Cu-Mn Alloy with Addition of Vanadium
Authors: Meng Fansheng , Wang Zhi , Zhao Yuliang , Zhang Datong , Zhang Weiwen
Published: December 2016

The effect of the vanadium addition on the microstructure, the precipitation behavior, and the mechanical properties of the Al-5.0Cu-0.4Mn alloy has been studied. The as-cast Al-5.0Cu-0.4Mn alloy was produced by squeeze casting and the heat treatment was carried out following the standard T6 treatment. It is shown that, with the addition of V, grain refinement of aluminum occurred. During heat treatment, the addition of V accelerates the precipitation kinetics of θ′ (Al2Cu) phase along the grain boundaries, and promotes the growth rate of the θ′ in the α(Al) matrix. Meanwhile, the addition of V retards the precipitation of T (Al20Cu2Mn3) phase. The tensile strength of the Al-5.0Cu-0.4Mn alloy increases with the increase of V content, which can be explained by combined effects of the solid solution strengthening and precipitate strengthening. However, excessively high V addition deteriorates the mechanical properties by forming brittle coarse intermetallic phases.
Reflectance Spectroscopy Characteristics of Turquoise
Authors: Qiu Jun-Ting , Qi Hui , Duan Ji-Lin
Published: December 2016

In this study, we determined the reflectance spectra of four types of turquoise with different hardness (porcelain, hard turquoise, soft turquoise, and loose turquoise) using an ASDTM TerraSpec spectrometer (spectral range 350–2500 nm, Visible-Near Infrared, and Short-wave Infrared). Several absorption features, including six narrow absorption peaks at 425 nm, 1480 nm, 2160 nm, 2218 nm, 2253 nm, and 2347 nm, and three wide peaks between 625–756 nm, 756–915 nm, and 1885–2133 nm have been identified. The strength of the absorption of turquoise increased with decreasing hardness. The absorption peaks at 2160 nm, 2218 nm, 2253 nm, 2347 nm, and 1885–2133 nm on some turquoise spectra (porcelain spectra, for example) were relatively weak, while those at 425 nm, 1480 nm, 625–756 nm, and 756–915 nm were always observed on all turquoise spectra, which could be the diagnostic absorption features for turquoise. Additionally, the hyper-spectral imaging (spectral range 1000–2500 nm, Short-wave Infrared) of the four types of turquoise were obtained using a HySpexTM imager. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method was successfully used to recognize turquoises, suggesting that hyper-spectral imaging may serve as a useful tool for fast turquoise identification and separation, especially for massive turquoise samples.