bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary ciliary dyskinesia and the middle ear
Authors: Van Der Baan S.
Published: October 2006

The middle ear cavity and the eustachian tube contain a well‐functioning mucociliary clearance system. To learn more about the importance of this mucociliary clearance, we studied patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia, in whom mucociliary clearance is absent.

Thirty‐six patients were investigated by means of a questionnaire; in 16 of these patients, otological and audiological studies could be performed. In patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia, a discrepancy was found between subjective ear complaints and the actual middle ear function. Moreover, it appeared that for the middle ear system, mucociliary clearance is of importance only in the first 3 decades of life. With aging, however, a deficient mucociliary clearance system in the middle ear and eustachian tube can be fully compensated for.
Supraglottic carcinoma: Impact of radiation therapy on outcome of patients with positive margins and extracapsular nodal disease
Authors: Devineni V. Rao , Simpson Joseph R. , Fineberg Barbara , Sessions Donald , Spector J. Gershon , Hayden Richard , Fredrickson John
Published: October 2006

Seventy‐nine patients with supraglottic carcinoma treated between 1966 and 1985 are reviewed. All patients were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Thirty‐five percent of the patients had positive margins at the site of resection of the primary tumor. Of the 25 patients who had positive nodal disease, 13 patients (52%) had either extracapsular extension or soft‐tissue or adjacent organ invasion, referred to in composite as “grave signs.” The median follow‐up of the patients was 4.9 years and all patients were followed for a minimum of 3 years. The disease‐free survival for all patients was 76% at 2 years and 71% at 3 years. The locoregional control rate for all patients was 70%.

This study demonstrates that there is no difference in local recurrence or disease‐free survival, or time to recurrence relative to the status of the surgical margins, which maybe a benefit of the postoperative radiation therapy. This study also demonstrates that there is an increase in the number of patients with grave signs with increasing nodal stage. The rate of neck recurrence in patients with grave signs was substantially higher (54%) than in patients without grave signs (8%), even though these patients also had positive lymph nodes. Interestingly, there was also a higher rate oflocalrecurrence among patients who had grave signs. Patients receiving doses higher than 6000 cGy to the primary site had fewer local failures, although within each group of patients with positive or negative surgical margins the differences in survival were minimal.
Radiostereometric analysis for monitoring percutaneous physiodesis
Authors: Lauge-Pedersen H. , Hägglund G. , Johnsson R.
Published: October 2006

Percutaneous physiodesis is an established technique for treating mild leg-length discrepancy and problems of expected extreme height. Angular deformities resulting from incomplete physeal arrest have been reported, and little is known about the time interval from percutaneous physiodesis to actual physeal arrest. This procedure was carried out in ten children, six with leg-length discrepancy and four with expected extreme height. Radiostereometric analysis was used to determine the three-dimensional dynamics of growth retardation. Errors of measurement of translation were less than 0.05 mm and of rotation less than 0.06°.

Physeal arrest was obtained in all but one child within 12 weeks after physiodesis and no clinically-relevant angular deformities occurred.

This is a suitable method for following up patients after percutaneous physiodesis. Incomplete physeal arrest can be detected at an early stage and the procedure repeated before corrective osteotomy is required.
Iontophoresed segmental allografts in revision arthroplasty for infection
Authors: Michalak K. A. , Khoo P. P. C. , Yates P. J. , Day R. E. , Wood D. J.
Published: October 2006

Revision arthroplasty after infection can often be complicated by both extensive bone loss and a relatively high rate of re-infection. Using allograft to address the bone loss in such patients is controversial because of the perceived risk of bacterial infection from the use of avascular graft material. We describe 12 two-stage revisions for infection in which segmental allografts were loaded with antibiotics using iontophoresis, a technique using an electrical potential to drive ionised antibiotics into cortical bone.

Iontophoresis produced high levels of antibiotic in the allograft, which eluted into the surrounding tissues. We postulate that this offers protection from infection in the high-risk peri-operative period. None of the 12 patients who had two-stage revision with iontophoresed allografts had further infection after a mean period of 47 months (14 to 78).
Corticotropin-releasing hormone physiology
Authors: Majzoub Joseph A
Published: October 2006

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), also known as corticotropin-releasing factor, is a highly conserved peptide hormone comprising 41 amino acid residues. Its name derives from its role in the anterior pituitary, where it mediates the release of corticotropin (ACTH) leading to the release of adrenocortical steroids. CRH is the major hypothalamic activator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Major functions of the HPA include: (i) influencing fetal development of major organ systems including lung, liver, and gut, (ii) metabolic functions, including the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels during the fasting state via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, (iii) modulation of immune function, and (iv) maintenance of cardiovascular tone. In addition, CRH, acting both directly and via the HPA, has a role in regulating several neuroendocrine functions including behavior, food intake, reproduction, growth, immune function, and autonomic function. CRH has been localized to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, which projects to the median eminence and other hypothalamic and midbrain targets. The CRH gene is composed of two exons. The CRH promoter contains a cAMP-response element, and the intron contains a restrictive element-1/neuron restrictive silencing element (RE-1/NRSE) sequence. Recently, a family of CRH-related peptides, termed the urocortins, has been identified. These peptides probably play a role in integrating multiple aspects of the stress-response, although their functions are largely unknown. Both CRH and the urocortins interact with two transmembrane G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, CRH-R1, and CRH-R2, which differ in their patterns of tissue distribution. In addition, the binding affinities for CRH and the urocortins to the two receptors differ considerably, and may contribute to the different actions of these peptides.
Changing your sex changes your brain: influences of testosterone and estrogen on adult human brain structure
Authors: Pol Hilleke E Hulshoff , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T , Van Haren Neeltje E M , Peper Jiska S , Brans Rachel G H , Cahn Wiepke , Schnack Hugo G , Gooren Louis J G , Kahn René S
Published: October 2006

Objective: Sex hormones are not only involved in the formation of reproductive organs, but also induce sexually-dimorphic brain development and organization. Cross-sex hormone administration to transsexuals provides a unique possibility to study the effects of sex steroids on brain morphology in young adulthood.

Methods: Magnetic resonance brain images were made prior to, and during, cross-sex hormone treatment to study the influence of anti-androgen + estrogen treatment on brain morphology in eight young adult male-to-female transsexual human subjects and of androgen treatment in six female-to-male transsexuals.

Results: Compared with controls, anti-androgen + estrogen treatment decreased brain volumes of male-to-female subjects towards female proportions, while androgen treatment in female-to-male subjects increased total brain and hypothalamus volumes towards male proportions.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that, throughout life, gonadal hormones remain essential for maintaining aspects of sex-specific differences in the human brain.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists
Authors: Zoumakis E , Grammatopoulos D K , Chrousos G P
Published: October 2006

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH-related peptides, and CRH receptors play major roles in coordinating the behavioral, endocrine, autonomic, and immune responses to stress. The wide influence of the CRH system on physiological processes in both brain and periphery implicates the respective peptides in the pathophysiology of numerous disorders characterized by dysregulated stress responses. The potential use of CRH antagonists is presently under intense investigation. Selective antagonists have been used experimentally to elucidate the role of CRH-related peptides in disease processes, such as anxiety and depression, sleep disorders, addictive behavior, inflammatory disorders, acute and chronic neurodegeneration, and preterm labor.
Focused Tasks, Mental Actions and Second Language Learning. Cognitive and Connectionist Accounts of Task Effectiveness
Authors: Moonen Machteld , de Graaff Rick , Westhoff Gerard
Published: October 2006

This paper presents a theoretical framework to estimate the effectiveness of second language tasks in which the focus is on the acquisition of new linguistic items, such as vocabulary or grammar, the so-called focused tasks (R. Ellis, 2003). What accounts for the learning impact offocused tasks? We shall argue that the task-based approach (e.g. Skehan, 1998, Robinson, 2001) does not provide an in-depth account of how cognitive processes, elicited by a task, foster the acquisition of new linguistic elements. We shall then review the typologies of cognitive processes derived from research on learning strategies (Chamot & O'Malley, 1994), from the involvement load hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001), from the depth of processing hypothesis (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) and from connectionism (e.g Broeder & Plunkett, 1997; N. Ellis, 2003). The combined insights of these typologies form the basis of the multi-feature hypothesis, which predicts that retention and ease of activation of new linguistic items are improved by mental actions which involve a wide variety of different features, simultaneously and frequently. A number of implications for future research shall be discussed.
Impact of zebra mussel invasion on river water quality
Authors: Effler Steven W. , Brooks Carol M. , Whitehead Keith , Wagner Bruce , Doerr Susan M. , Perkins MaryGail , Siegfried Clifford A. , Walrath Leigh , Canale Raymond P.
Published: October 2006

The biology of the zebra mussel is reviewed as it relates to water‐quality problems in rivers. A relationship between population densities of the zebra mussel and their respiration demands for oxygen is developed, which can be used to support the analysis of the impact of zebra mussel infestation on the oxygen resources of streams and rivers. Dramatic changes in the water quality of the Seneca River, N.Y., a major tributary to Lake Ontario, have been brought about by zebra mussel infestation. These changes are documented from 3 years of monitoring data. The infestation converted the Seneca River from a turbid, phytoplankton‐rich, nutrient‐depleted system, with nearly saturated oxygen concentrations, to a river with high clarity, low‐phytoplankton concentrations, enriched in dissolved nutrients, with greatly undersaturated oxygen concentrations. The degradation of oxygen resources was severe enough to cause violations of New York State standards for daily minimum and daily average concentrations for a number of days in the late summer of 1993. The associated loss in the waste assimilative capacity of the river is confounding waste discharge management and planning efforts in the river basin. This form of degradation is expected for other systems as the zebra mussel infestation spreads. The impact is expected to be greatest in rivers and streams with high concentrations of phytoplankton, large areas of rock substrate, and limited reaeration capacity.
Inside Front Cover: Buckled and Wavy Ribbons of GaAs for High‐Performance Electronics on Elastomeric Substrates (Adv. Mater. 21/2006)
Authors: Sun Y. , Kumar V. , Adesida I. , Rogers J. A.
Published: October 2006

Stretchable single‐crystalline GaAs nanoribbons and stretchable electronic devices fabricated with these ribbons are reported on p. 2857 by Sun, Rogers, and co‐workers. The inside cover shows an array of ‘wavy' GaAs nanoribbons (background) sitting on an elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) support. Wavy and buckled ribbons integrated with metal electrodes (foreground inset) enable high‐performance, fully stretchable electronics, i.e., metal–semiconductor field‐effect transistors.
An analytical flow model for PTFE paste through annular dies
Authors: Patil Pramod D. , Feng James J. , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G.
Published: October 2006

An approximate mathematical model for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) paste extrusion through annular dies is developed. The model takes into account the elastic–plastic and viscous nature of the material in its nonmelt state arising from the formation of fibrils and the presence of lubricant. The radial flow hypothesis has been used to describe the flow kinematics of PTFE paste in the conical annular section of the die. The validity of this hypothesis is demonstrated by performing numerical simulations using a model recently developed for PTFE paste extrusion. Model predictions are presented for various cases and are found to be consistent with experimental results of macroscopic pressure drop measurements in rod and tube extrusion. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Functional characterization of an orphan nuclear receptor, Rev‐ErbAα, in chondrocytes and its potential role in osteoarthritis
Authors: Chaturvedi P. , Pratta M. , Steplewski K. , Connor J. , Kumar S.
Published: October 2006

Objective

To evaluate the expression and function of the orphan nuclear receptor Rev‐ErbAα in articular cartilage and to investigate its role in osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Expression of Rev‐ErbAα was analyzed at both the messenger RNA and protein levels in human and bovine articular cartilage and chondrocytes by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) and immunocytochemical techniques. The effects of cartilage catabolic and anabolic agents on the expression of Rev‐ErbAα were evaluated by TaqMan analysis. Overexpression was achieved by either adenoviral transduction or treatment with a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α agonist, whereas expression was suppressed by antisense oligonucleotides.

Results

Among the 48 known nuclear receptors, Rev‐ErbAα was found to be the most highly expressed in OA cartilage. It is known to function as a transcription repressor. Treatment of articular chondrocytes with known catabolic agents resulted in the induction of Rev‐ErbAα, whereas stimulation with anabolic agents led to a decrease in expression. Overexpression of the nuclear receptor was associated with an increase in the expression of matrix‐degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase 13 and aggrecanase. In contrast, a decrease in Rev‐ErbAα expression led to a concomitant reduction in the activity of matrix‐degrading enzymes.

Conclusion

This study is the first to demonstrate that Rev‐ErbAα is highly expressed in OA articular chondrocytes and that its expression is modulated by known cartilage catabolic and anabolic stimuli. We also demonstrated that modulation of Rev‐ErbAα expression in chondrocytes may be a novel means of regulating the expression and production of multiple matrix‐degrading enzymes. These observations suggest that Rev‐ErbAα may be a novel therapeutic target for OA.
Involvement of specific laminins and nidogens in the active remodeling of the basal lamina of labial salivary glands from patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Kwon Yoon‐Jeoung , Pérez Paola , Aguilera Sergio , Molina Claudio , Leyton Lisette , Alliende Cecilia , Leyton Cecilia , Brito Mónica , Romo Rafael , González María‐Julieta
Published: October 2006

Objective

To investigate remodeling of the basal lamina of labial salivary glands (LSGs) from patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by analyzing the expression of specific components that participate in its assembly and attachment to acinar and ductal cells.

Methods

Two groups of SS patients with similar levels of remnant glandular tissue but with low and high levels of interacinar fibrosis, respectively, were studied. The expression of laminin α1, α4, and γ2 chains and nidogens was examined at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Nidogens 1 and 2 were also studied in situ by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Increases in the amount of mRNA and protein for both the processed and unprocessed laminin γ2‐chain were more pronounced in patients with low interacinar fibrosis. Increases in the protein levels of laminin α1 and α4 chains were observed in patients with low interacinar fibrosis, but not in those with high interacinar fibrosis. Nidogen mRNA and protein levels were similar in SS patients and controls. Interestingly, high levels of nidogen degradation were observed in patients with low interacinar fibrosis. Nidogens were readily detected by immunofluorescence in the basal lamina of the capillaries and stroma in SS patients, but were less apparent in the basal lamina of the acini and ducts.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the basal lamina of LSGs from patients with SS is undergoing active remodeling, such that alterations are less evident in patients who have advanced morphologic signs of the disease (high interacinar fibrosis). Nidogen proteolysis might account for the disorganization of the basal lamina that is typically observed in LSGs from SS patients, assuming that cleavage impairs their ability to crosslink type IV collagen and laminin networks.
Mechanistic Study of a Pd/C‐Catalyzed Reduction of Aryl Sulfonates Using the Mg–MeOH–NH4OAc System
Authors: Mori Akinori , Mizusaki Tomoteru , Ikawa Takashi , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: October 2006

A method for the deoxygenation of phenolic hydroxy groups via aryl triflates or mesylates has been established by using a combination of Pd/C–Mg–MeOH. The addition of NH4OAc to the system markedly accelerated the reaction rate and expanded the scope of the reaction. Mechanistic studies suggested that a single‐electron transfer process from the Pd0 center to the benzene ring is involved in the reduction of aryl sulfonates and that NH4OAc works as a solubilization reagent of the Mg salt and as an accelerator of the electron transfer, thus enhancing the reaction process. Our method was also applicable to the regioselective deuteration of benzene derivatives with CH3OD as the solvent and deuterium source: the original hydroxy group could be efficiently replaced with a deuterium atom.
Theoretical Investigations on the Geometric and Electronic Structures of Phenylene‐Acetylene Macrocycles
Authors: Li Yanwei , Zhao Jianwei , Yin Xing , Yin Geping
Published: October 2006

The geometric and electronic structures of a series of conjugated macrocycles (phenylene‐acetylene macrocycles, PAMs) have been studied theoretically with ab initio and semiempirical molecular orbital methods. The ab initio calculations at the HF/6‐31G* level demonstrate that the model molecules may have a planar conformation. Bigger macrocycles, for example, 7PAM, 8PAM, and 9PAM, result in several energy minima. The boatlike conformation is the most energetically favored form. Based on the conformational analysis, a novel method for analyzing the ring‐strain energy was proposed and used. In view of their potential applications as electronic materials, the electronic structures of a series of PAMs are also investigated. The LUMO–HOMO gaps of the planar PAMs show an odd–even difference behavior. In addition, the HOMOs of the planar species 3PAM, 5PAM, 7PAM, and 9PAM are doubly degenerated.
Temperature Dependence of Ultra‐Exothermic Charge Recombinations
Authors: Serpa Carlos , Gomes Paulo J. S. , Arnaut Luis G. , de Melo J. Seixas , Formosinho Sebastião J.
Published: October 2006

We measured the temperature dependence (from +32 to −50 °C) of charge‐recombination rates between contact radical ion pairs in isopropyl ether. In the systems selected for this study, aromatic hydrocarbon cations are the electron acceptors and the fumaronitrile anion is the electron donor. Nearly quantitative electron transfers occur at all temperatures. The charge recombinations have excess exothermicities of −60 kcal mol−1 and exhibit a very weak temperature dependence. Our observations emphasize the absence of solvent effects and the relevance of nuclear tunneling in charge recombinations.
Inconsistencies in the self‐report of traumatic experiences by unaccompanied refugee minors
Authors: Spinhoven Philip , Bean Tammy , Eurelings‐Bontekoe Liesbeth
Published: October 2006

The authors investigated the consistency with which stressful life events are reported by unaccompanied refugee minors during a 12‐month follow‐up period and analyzed to what extent demographic and psychopathology variables affected memory consistency. From a population‐based sample of 920 unaccompanied refugee minors aged 12 to 18 years old, 63% completed the follow‐up measurements. Younger participants and those with lower levels of internalizing behavior and posttraumatic stress at follow‐up were more prone to memory inconsistencies. Moreover, younger participants and those with fewer inconsistencies were more likely to have obtained a temporary residence permit. Given the difference between accuracy and consistency, it is not warranted to interpret memory inconsistencies as an indication of lack of credibility when assessing traumatic life events in minors applying for asylum.
Low predictive power of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptoms in accident survivors
Authors: Wittmann Lutz , Moergeli Hanspeter , Schnyder Ulrich
Published: October 2006

To test the predictive power of peritraumatic dissociation for the development of psychopathology, the authors assessed symptoms of peritraumatic dissociation (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire; PDEQ), posttraumatic stress disorder (Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) in a sample of 214 accident victims 5 days postaccident (T1). Six months later (T2), CAPS and HADS were administered again. Acute stress disorder (ASD) and PTSD symptom levels were surprisingly low. In sequential regression analyses, initial reexperiencing and hyperarousal significantly predicted PTSD symptom level (T2) over several possibly confounding variables controlled for. Peritraumatic dissociation explained less than 3% of variance. For PTSD scores, 38% overall variance explanation was obtained; the variance for HADS scores was low. Possible explanations for the low‐predictive power of peritraumatic dissociation for posttraumatic psychopathology in the sample are discussed.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinically relevant adverse events from HMG CoA reductase inhibitor trials worldwide from 1982 to present
Authors: McClure David L. , Valuck Robert J , Glanz Morton , Hokanson John E.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

Our objective was to determine the association of clinically relevant adverse events from a systematic review and meta‐analysis of statin randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Methods

We performed the meta‐analysis in the manner of a Cochrane Collaboration systematic review. Outcomes were discontinuances of therapy or muscle‐related symptoms due to adverse events. We searched for articles from 1982 through June 2006 in MEDLINE and other databases. The main inclusion criteria were double blind, placebo controlled RCTs with a monotherapy intervention of any marketed statin and active surveillance of adverse events. We excluded studies of drug interactions, organ transplants, or exercise, or those not meeting all of the study quality criteria. The primary analysis was a statin formulation stratified fixed‐effect model using Peto odds‐ratios (POR). Secondary analyses explored the stability of the primary results.

Results

Over 86 000 study participants from 119 studies were included. Available statins were associated with a lower POR of discontinuance (overall: 0.88 [0.84, 0.93], largest effect with pravastatin: 0.79 [0.74, 0.84]), an elevated POR of rhabdomyolysis (1.59 [0.54, 4.70]) and myositis (2.56 [1.12, 5.85]), and null odds of myalgia (1.09 [0.97, 1.23]). Cerivastatin by comparison demonstrated larger PORs for discontinuances and muscle‐related adverse events. Secondary analyses demonstrated the stability of the results.

Conclusions

Overall, discontinuation of statin therapy due to adverse events was no worse than placebo. The risks of muscle‐related adverse events were in general agreement with the known risks of statins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface properties of the (001) surface of cubic PbZrO3 and PbTiO3
Authors: Wang Yuan Xu
Published: October 2006

The (001) surface of cubic PbZrO3 and PbTiO3 with the PbO and B(Ti or Zr)O2‐terminations has been investigated using a plane wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method within the density functional theory. The results of the grand thermodynamic potential show that only the PbO‐terminated surface can exist. The different surface relaxation behavior of the PbO‐terminated surface between PbZrO3 and PbTiO3 is mainly due to the larger cell volume of cubic PbZrO3 than cubic PbTiO3. The different surface dipole moments between PbZrO3 and PbTiO3 with both types terminations are discussed. The surface states appear on the band structure of the PbO‐terminated surface for cubic PbZrO3. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence of anthracene molecules in single crystal matrices
Authors: Aoki‐Matsumoto T. , Furukawa C. , Hoshika Y. , Ichida M. , Mizuno K.
Published: October 2006

Optical properties of single fluorene/phenanthrene crystals doped with various mole fraction of anthracene, 10–5 to a few %, were investigated at 10 K. In low concentration samples, sharp structures attributed to isolated anthracene molecules were observed. Inhomogeneous width in their 0‐0 energy were found to be ∼20 cm–1. When concentration is higher, spectral species, which are distinctly different from the isolated molecule spectrum, were observed and their origins are discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Force control between nanostructures by coupling of spatially separated polaritons
Authors: Iida Takuya , Ishihara Hajime
Published: October 2006

We theoretically propose a novel metrology technique based on the photomediated force control between nano‐objects. In order to demonstrate the potential of this concept, we develop the general theoretical framework based on the Lorentz force equation and the nonlocal theory to obtain a concise analytical expression of the interparticle radiation force (IRF) due to the induced fields from polaritons in different nano‐objects. This expression clearly shows how IRF reflects the electromagnetic coupling of spatially separated polaritons and contains information on the other nanostructure. This means that IRF can be used to access the multidirectional information of quantum properties in the target nanostructure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of energy transfer in disordered two‐dimensional mixed J‐aggregates
Authors: Lemaistre J. P.
Published: October 2006

A theoretical model, based on numerical simulations, is provided to analyze the energy transfer in a two‐dimensional mixed J‐aggregate. The J‐aggregate is modeled as a square arrangement of parallel donor molecules in which a given concentration of acceptors is randomly substituted. The Frenkel exciton states are calculated by numerical diagonalization of the aggregate Hamiltonian including the static disorder. The scattering rates are calculated using a model of exciton‐phonon coupling. The concentration dependences of the absorption and fluorescence line shapes, the localization behavior of the exciton states and the time‐resolved fluorescence decays (configurationally averaged) are obtained. The simulations are checked against recent experimental results on mixed J‐aggregates of cyanine dyes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Local level statistics for optical and transport properties of disordered systems at finite temperature
Authors: Malyshev A.
Published: October 2006

It is argued that the (traditional) global level statistics which determines localization and coherent transport properties of disordered systems (e.g. the Anderson model) at zero temperature becomes inappropriate when it comes to incoherent transport. We define local level statistics which proves to be relevant for finite temperature incoherent transport and optics of one‐dimensional systems (e.g. molecular aggregates, conjugated polymers, etc.). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of optical near field of a sub‐wavelength gold slit array and its electric quadrupole interaction with 1s excitons in Cu2O
Authors: Okuda M. , Deguchi K. , Iwamae A. , Nakamura H. , Sawada K. , Hasuo M.
Published: October 2006

Laight propagation through a gold film with a periodically structured 50 nm width slit array into Cu2O has been calculated with a FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method with a 5 nm mesh‐grid. Owing to the presence of a guided mode in the slit and a surface plasmon mode at the gold/Cu2O interface, optical near field generation in Cu2O are efficient in the case where the polarization of the incident light is perpendicular to the slit. The efficiency of the electric quadrupole (E2) transition of the 1s ‐exciton in Cu2O, which is modified by the field gradient of the excitation light, is evaluated for the calculated optical near field. Slit period dependences of the near field generation and the E2 transition efficiency are examined for a 50 nm thick array film. The enhancement of the effective E2 transition efficiency in the volume of 50 nm thickness above the film relative to the efficiency by the plane wave excitation is found to reach a factor 28 at the slit period of 110 nm. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microscopic calculation of polariton effects in molecular crystals – application to sexithiophene electroabsorption spectrum
Authors: Petelenz Piotr , Stradomska Anna
Published: October 2006

An explicit formula expressing the refractive index in terms of exciton energies and oscillator strengths is used to calculate the absorption spectrum of the crystal at zero and non‐zero electric field; the electroabsorption signal is calculated as their difference, without any a priori assumptions regarding the shape of the individual EA fingerprints. The approach is applied for the sexithiophene crystal. The results show that an isolated Frenkel exciton always yields a first‐derivative EA signal, regardless of its intensity, and that this conclusion is not affected by polaritonic effects. For the specific case of sexithiophene, a satisfactory theoretical reproduction of the EA spectrum is possible only when the low‐energy charge‐transfer states are included. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inapplicability of the giant oscillator strength model to excitonic molecule in an inorganic‐organic layered semiconductor
Authors: Shimizu Makoto
Published: October 2006

The author reports the measurement of the resonant Rabi splitting of the transition between the exciton and the excitonic molecule in an inorganic‐organic layered semiconductor, (C6H13C2H4NH3)2PbI4. The transition dipole moment is determined to be 3.5 ± 0.4 eÅ. It is shown that the obtained transition dipole moment is considerably smaller than that estimated from the well‐known giant oscillator strength model. The discrepancy between the experiment and the model is explained to be due to the strong polaritonic effect. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman study of order‐disorder transition of bipolarons in Ti4O7
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Ueno Wakana
Published: October 2006

We have studied the phase transition of bipolarons in Ti4O7 by means of Raman spectroscopy. It is found that on warming across the phase transition, the Raman spectrum shows distinct changes, i.e., broadening of the linewidths, decrease in the phonon frequencies, and appearance of the fine structure. These features indicate the existence of structural disorder above the transition temperature, and hence are consisitent with a model that the phase transition is an order‐disorder transition of bipolarons. The mechanism of the line broadening is discussed in relation to the bipolaron motion in the disordered phase. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of crack‐free nano‐crystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia
Authors: Drings Harald , Brossmann Ulrich , Schaefer Hans‐Eckhardt
Published: October 2006

In recent research and development, yttria‐stabilized zirconia have become increasingly important for many industrial applications such as gas sensors and solid oxide fuel cells. In many of these applications, the suppression of uncontrolled gas transport due to porosity or cracks is essential. In this work, the influence of the sintering parameters on the crack formation in n‐ZrO2·9.5 mol% Y2O3, manufactured by room‐temperature compaction of sputtered ZrY nanocrystallites with subsequent oxidation and sintering, was studied. A procedure that enables the production of nearly crack‐free fully dense samples is presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cytoplasmic microtubule organization in fission yeast
Authors: Sawin Kenneth E. , Tran P. T.
Published: October 2006

During the cell cycle of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, striking changes in the organization of the cytoplasmic microtubule cytoskeleton take place. These may serve as a model for understanding the different modes of microtubule organization that are often characteristic of differentiated higher eukaryotic cells. In the last few years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the organization and behaviour of fission yeast cytoplasmic microtubules, not only in the identification of the genes and proteins involved but also in the physiological analysis of function using fluorescently‐tagged proteins in vivo. In this review we discuss the state of our knowledge in three areas: microtubule nucleation, regulation of microtubule dynamics and the organization and polarity of microtubule bundles. Advances in these areas provide a solid framework for a more detailed understanding of cytoplasmic microtubule organization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to get the most from fission yeast genome data: a report from the 2006 European Fission Yeast Meeting computing workshop
Authors: Wood Valerie
Published: October 2006

A fission yeast computing workshop ‘How to get the most from the fission yeast genome data’ was run as a satellite to the European Fission Yeast Meeting. The broad aims of the workshop were to provide fission yeast bench biologists with a set of tools and protocols to query the fission yeast genome data in specific ways, in order to extract biologically meaningful information of interest, which can be tailored to the needs of individual research projects. A description of the workshop content is provided and a selection of the tools presented are reviewed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The forests and woodlands of Labrador, Canada: ecology, distribution and future management
Authors: Roberts Bruce A. , Simon Neal P. P. , Deering Keith W.
Published: October 2006

Labrador, Canada is the last relatively undeveloped landmass of Boreal and subarctic Canada. Its land area is over 288,000 km2, with less than 1% developed, and a human population of below 30,000. Labrador is greater than 60% forest‐ and woodland‐covered and over 30% tundra, soil and rock barrens. We review the ecology and distribution of forests, woodlands, and related vegetation of Labrador within the context of climate, forest site index, landform, soils, and disturbance. Recent ecosystem management through a public planning process with emphasis on past and future comanagement and development with traditional and western scientific principles is currently underway. Plant–animal interactions, traditional uses by aboriginal groups, and early history are also reviewed.
Taking Actors' Preferences and the Institutional Setting Seriously: the EU Common Fisheries Policy
Authors: DA CONCEIÇÃO-HELDT EUGÉNIA
Published: October 2006

The recent bifurcation of European studies into state-centric and new institutionalist camps has resulted in a sterile theoretical debate that says little about an empirical world where bargaining outcomes cover both member states' preferences and the institutional setting. This article is an attempt to move beyond the theoretical debate. It juxtaposes a conceptual framework for analyzing EU negotiations with an analysis of the bargaining process on the settlement of the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy. The conceptual framework will identify a set of variables that can explain the bargaining outcome: preferences of national government representatives, preferences of the European Commission, and the institutional setting.
Two Dimensional Crystallization and Projection Structure of a Human Connexin26
Authors: Oshima A , Tani K , Hiroaki Y , Fujiyoshi Y , Sosinsky G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Monitoring Microstructure Evolution in TiAl Using TEM
Authors: Novoselova T , Malinov S , Sha W , Rong TS
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of 2400 MPa Grade Co-free Maraging Steels
Authors: He Y , Yang K , Sha W , Guo Z , Liu K
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Advantages of the Local Electrode for Atom Probe Tomography Applications.
Authors: Ulfig R , Larson DJ , Kelly TF
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Hand-Sectioning and Analysis of Pharmaceutical Patches
Authors: Stellmack M , Teetsov A
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Raman Micro-Spectroscopy - Its Role in the Analytical Laboratory
Authors: Martin K
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Calculation of X-ray spectra for a Side Window Tube
Authors: Procop M , Hodoroaba V-D , Bjeoumikhov A
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
From Mineral Grain to Mountain Range: X-ray Microanalysis, Geochronology, and Himalayan Geology
Authors: Catlos E , Dubey C , Harrison TM
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Luminescence Micro-Characterization of epitaxial ZnO and ZnO-based Heterostructures
Authors: Bertram F
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Comparison of the Swelling of Treated and Untreated Hair Using an Environmental Electron Microscope (ESEM)
Authors: Hallégot P , Diridollou S , Holloway-Barbosa V , Leroy F , Zaluzec NJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Macro Techniques and Digital-Microscopy
Authors: Gammon LM
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Atomic Scale Characterization of HgTe/CdTe Superlattices Using STEM Z-Contrast Imaging and VEELS
Authors: Fu L , Browning N , Jung H-S , Grein C
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Combined Techniques of Chemical Fixation and Cryo-Preservation Used to Reveal Ultrastructural Details of Intracellular Pathogens
Authors: Hansen BT , Hackstadt T , Fischer E
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Sub-80 nm Resolution X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging Spectrometer for Semiconductor Applications
Authors: Seshadri S , Yun W , Feser M , Duewer F , Wang S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Structural Features of Colonization Factor Antigen I (CFA/I) Pili (Fimbriae) of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Mu X-Q , Savarino SJ , Akay Y , McVeigh A , Cassels F , Bullitt E
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Fine-Structural Aspects of Vertebrate Olfactory Signaling
Authors: Menco BP M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Microstructure Optimisation of Chill Cast Al-Si Eutectic Alloys
Authors: Asensio-Lozano J , Suárez-Peña B , Voort GF Vander
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Silica-Shielded Ga-ZnS Metal-Semiconductor Nanowire Heterojunctions
Authors: Hu JQ , Bando Y , Zhan JH , Golberg D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
A General Approach to Unit-cell Determination in Electron Diffraction Experiments
Authors: Li XZ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Function of Centrobin: a Novel Daughter Centriole-Associated Protein
Authors: Zou C , Li J , Bai Y , Gunning W , Wazer D , Band V , Gao Q
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Novel Synthesis and Functionalization of Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Bando Y , Zhi CY , Huang Q , Tang CC , Golberg D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Applications of ToF-SIMS in a Research and Development Laboratory
Authors: Smentkowski V , Ostrowski S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Preliminary Results from a Sub-Angstrom TEM
Authors: Genc A , Ringnalda J , Maher DM , Colijn HO , Fraser HL
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
High Pressure Freezing of Brain Tissue Slices
Authors: Studer D , Zhao S , Graber W , Eggli P , Frotscher M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Comparative Study of Dopant Profiling by Electron Holography, Scanning Capacitance Microscopy, and Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Z , Li D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
A Method of Lifting-out FIB prepared TEM-ready Specimen
Authors: Wang SX , Li D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
A Method for 3 Dimensional Structural and Compositional Imaging of Nano-materials
Authors: Yaguchi T , Kuroda Y , Konno M , Kamino T , Kaji K , Watanabe M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Local Stress Assessment in Patterned Interlayer Dielectric Films using Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kakinuma S , Kodera M , Nishikata K , Aoyama J , Saijo Y , Pezzotti G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Protein-Doped Droplet Beams for Laser-Aligned Serial Crystallography
Authors: Weierstall U , Spence JC H , Doak RB , Starodub D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Phase Analysis of Materials for Steam and Gas Turbines
Authors: Pigrova G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
X-ray Mapping in the Spectrum Image Mode at Output Count Rates above 100 kHz with the Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)
Authors: Newbury D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Deformed Nanotubes by Metal Contacts using HAADF-STEM Tomography
Authors: Cha JJ , Weyland M , Muller D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Atomic Resolution Electron Diffraction Imaging of Metallic Nanoclusters
Authors: Huang W , Jiang B , Zuo J-M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Analysis of Nano-scale Strain Near Shallow Trench Isolation Structures by Energy-filtered Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction
Authors: Zhang P , Mardinly J , Karpenko O , Istratov A , He H , Ager J , Nelson C , Stach E , Kisielowski C , Weber E , Spence J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Effect of Surface Treatment of Graphite Particles on the Composite Supercapacitor of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxides Coatings by Cathodic Deposition Method
Authors: Lin Y , Hwang H-S , Lee W-J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Background Intensity Problems in High Resolution Defect Imaging
Authors: Howie A , Jiang N , Spence J , Wu J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Comparison of Ion-Specimen Interactions in Silicon & Molecular Materials
Authors: Stokes DJ , Bleloch AL
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Acetylene Plasma Deposition on Gamma-TiAl Alloys
Authors: Narksitipan S , Thongtem T , MacNallan M , Thongtem S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
In-Lens Cryo-HRSEM of a Freeze-Dried Coiled-Coil Protein Assembly
Authors: Dublin SN , Conticello VP , Apkarian RP
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006