bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Configuration Determinants in Visual Perception of Binary Patterns: Supplementary Report
Authors: Harcum E. Rae , Skrzypek George
Published: September 2011

This study corroborates and extends an earlier conclusion of Harcum (1964a) that the discriminability of elements within tachistoscopic patterns was determined by an organizational process of memory, rather than by visual sensitivity per se. Since the distribution of errors among elements of a tachistoscopic pattern was affected by configuration changes in the spacing of the stimulus-elements, authors concluded that the role of mnemonic organizing processes had been demonstrated.
Compliance and Noncompliance during Long-Term Institutionalization
Authors: Reimanis Gunars , Krugman Arnold D. , Lasky Julian J.
Published: September 2011

Three hypotheses derived partly from Thibaut and Kelley's theory of interpersonal relations received some support using veterans from six VA domiciliaries as Ss. The low compliance Ss differed from the high and/or medium compliant ones in that they were younger, had been in the institution for a shorter time period, had longer service records, showed less motivational distortion or anxiety to do well on tests, were less insecure, but more distrustful and suspecting; they found the general community life more desirable and felt more frequently that they had given up freedom by coming to the domiciliary.
Suicide Research and Non-Rejection of the Null Hypothesis
Authors: Neuringer Charles , Kolstoe Ralph H.
Published: September 2011

Research results on suicide have been scanty and inconsistent. Because of the peculiar conditions (paucity of Ss, variability of research materials, and selection of treatment conditions) found in suicide research, it is felt that the Type II error (failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false) is probably committed too often. It is suggested that less stringent significance levels should be accepted, as this might facilitate identification of new variables.
Intermanual Transfer of Compensation for Displaced Vision
Authors: Kalil Ronald E. , Freedman Sanford J.
Published: September 2011

While wearing displacing prisms, each S viewed one hand as he reached for and touched a target in the mid-saggital plane. After exposure, significant compensation was measured with the contralateral hand.
Kinetic Frame Effects: III. Gyroscopic Motion
Authors: Sayons K.
Published: September 2011

When a frame, in the kinetic frame situation, was rotated at 5 cps, the frame was experienced by each of 40 Ss as spinning three-dimensionally around the line, primarily at either the objective rate (in 10 Ss) or half the objective rate (23 Ss). Phase overlay, presumed to underlie the three-dimensional spin, was also observed.
Points of View about Preference as Tools in the Analysis of Creative Products
Authors: Skager Rodney W. , Schultz Charles B. , Klein Stephen P.
Published: September 2011

Research on the creative product may provide an analytical tool for generating and testing hypotheses about psychological variables related to level and style of creative achievement. Evaluations of products should be analyzed to determine (1) whether more than one point of view about quality is held among a heterogeneous group of judges and (2) whether personality, academic, and background characteristics of Ss producing the products relate differentially to quality as defined by different points of view. In a study of artistic creativity, drawings were collected from 191 sophomore students at a school of design and rated for esthetic quality by 28 artist and non-artist judges. Four points of view about quality were identified by factor analysis of correlations between judges. Evidence is presented that psychological, achievement, and background characteristics of Ss are differentially related to quality of their drawings as defined by the four points of view. In particular, choice of major, scores on certain aptitude tests, academic performance in the fine arts courses, and measures of wealth of cultural background showed differential correlations with the points of view. Finally, characteristics of drawings rated high or low according to at least two of the judgmental viewpoints may be useful in the generation of hypotheses about psychological variables related to creativity.
Schizophrenic and Organic Signs on the Trail Making Test
Authors: Goldstein Gerald , Neuringer Charles
Published: September 2011

The Trail Making Test was administered to 30 schizophrenic and 30 brain-damaged patients. It was hypothesized that there would be qualitative differences in the performance pattern of the two groups, and specific signs were postulated which might discriminate between brain-damaged and schizophrenic performances on the test. The results indicated that, while schizophrenic Ss either complete the task without error, abandon the task or produce illogical patterns, the brain-damaged Ss rarely produce these types of performances. Rather, they more characteristically exhibit sequence binding, and a tendency to lose track of the alternation pattern and fall into a number or letter sequence. It was suggested that the Trail Making Test shows promise as a useful instrument in distinguishing between brain-damaged and schizophrenic patients.
Performance on a Skilled Task after Physical Work or in a High Altitude Environment
Authors: Evans Wayne O.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of heavy physical work and of a high terrestrial environment on the complex psychomotor skill of pistol firing. Six Ss walked on a treadmill, using the titration procedure, to four different degrees of fatigue. With instructions for either rapid or accurate firing, S, on a light signal, got off the treadmill and fired six shots. Scores were analyzed in terms of time from the turning on of the light until the pistol was picked up, time to fire the first shot, time to fire the remaining five shots in a series, and the accuracy of all six shots. Time to fire the pistol on the first shot and time to fire the remaining five shots were affected by treatments. The effects on pistol shooting of a high terrestrial environment were studied in eight men taken rapidly from sea level to an altitude of 14,110 ft. The same general procedures were used but no fatigue was induced. High altitude increased speed of firing and decreased accuracy.
Creativity and Allocentric Perception
Authors: Lucas Frances H. , Dana Richard H.
Published: September 2011

Seven tests were used to measure allocentric-autocentric perception. The Remote Associates Test was used for selection of high, moderate and low creative female Ss. Intelligence was controlled and differences on WAIS subtest scores were examined. A consistent rank order was obtained among groups and Ss for the hypothesized construct. WAIS subtest differences could not be meaningfully related to creativity. Childhood experience data tended to conform to MacKinnon's suggestions.
The Structured-Objective Rorschach Test: A Question of Choice Intensity
Authors: Langer Philip , Hick Thomas L.
Published: September 2011

The SORT was administered twice to 124 college Ss along with the Sarason TAQ and the Taylor MAS. Ss were asked to choose and give ratings of enthusiasm for the choice as well as to indicate form resemblance. Results showed: (1) a great deal of the variance involved in selection of the blot cannot be attributed to the blot resemblance; (2) the mean reliability coefficient of the enthusiasm measure is not high, indicating that Ss may be forcing choices; (3) of the SORT factors only H was related to anxiety as measured by the Sarason TAQ and the Taylor MAS; and (4) response-items on the SORT may be mixed with respect to pathological significance.
Imaginative Content in the Dreams and Fantasy Play of Blind and Sighted Children
Authors: Singer Jerome L. , Streiner Bella F.
Published: September 2011

In order to test hypotheses growing out of a consideration of the role of vision in the development of a differentiated capacity for imagination, 20 pairs of otherwise matched blind and sighted children (aged 8 to 12) were studied. Interviews and spontaneous accounts of their play, fantasies, and dreams were recorded and rated independently by judges for Imaginativeness. Results indicated that sighted children proved more imaginative in all three areas, with blind children showing generally a concrete and limited fantasy content except for their greater reliance on imaginary companions.
Comments on Cieutat's “Examiner Differences with the Stanford-Binet IQ”
Authors: Sattler Jerome M.
Published: September 2011

The methodological, sampling, and statistical problems encountered in Cieutat's (1965) study indicate that his findings cannot be accepted with confidence.
Reversibility of the Necker Cube: VII. Reversal Rate as a Function of Figure-on and Figure-off Durations
Authors: Orbach J. , Zucker Ellen , Olson Ronald
Published: September 2011

Reversal rate varied as a function of figure-off duration, holding figure-on duration constant at 300 msec. ( N = 13). There was a rise in reversal rate from 14.0 at 10 msec., then a sharp decline to 4.8 reversals at 800 msec. The rise in reversal rate with increase in figure-on duration from 3.0 at 400 to 18.9 at 4,500 msec., holding figure-off duration constant at 1,000 msec., seemed due primarily to within-exposure, not between-exposure, reversals ( N = 21).
Visual Distortion with Two-Colored Spectacles
Authors: Leppmann Peter K. , Wieland Betty A.
Published: September 2011

Observations of visual phenomena by an O continuously wearing blue-yellow split-half lens for an 11-day period are reported. Color adaptation began on the first day but hue and brightness distortions associated with specific body position continued to be observed. Situational aftereffects of hue, related to body position, continued during the first day after removal of the spectacles, and of brightness for an additional 24 hr.
Time Orientation and Perceptual and Cognitive Organization
Authors: Kahn Paul
Published: September 2011

It was hypothesized that time orientation in children ( N = 44) would be related to degrees of perceptual and cognitive organization. Two measures of time orientation were used, (a) time perception (judgment of intervals) and (b) time span (future time perspective). Perceptual organization was a measure of Ss' responses to Rorschach cards representing increasing degrees of organization. Cognitive organization represented increasing degrees of organization of Ss' responses to a word association test given under non-pressure conditions. Time orientation was significantly related to cognitive organization and to a lesser degree to perceptual organization. On the measure of time perception, overestimation was associated with low organization and underestimation with high organization. On the measure of time span, projecting into the future was related to high organization. The measures of time were related to each other but no positive relationship was obtained between the measures of organization.
Response Latency as a Function of Stimulus Affect and Presentation Order
Authors: Lehr Donald J. , Bergum Bruce O. , Standing Thomas E.
Published: September 2011

An experiment was conducted to examine the interrelationships between response-latency, perceived stimulus affect, and stimulus presentation order. Three groups of five Ss each responded to 100 pictorial and verbal stimuli along an ATTRACTIVE-UNATTRACTIVE affect dimension. Overt evaluative responses and response latencies were recorded on paper tape. The results indicated that the relationship between affect and response latency is an inverted U-shaped function with the attractive responses yielding significantly shorter latencies than either neutral or unattractive responses. The order in which stimuli are presented significantly affects both perceived affect and response times. A random order of stimulus presentation results in shorter latencies and greater perceived positive affect than the systematic arrangement of stimuli.
Consistency of Individual Patterns of Autokinetic Direction
Authors: Pearce Douglas G.
Published: September 2011

Four Ss continuously reported the direction of autokinetic movement during 20 10-min. sessions. Individual patterns of directional dominance and change in direction over the 20 sessions were assessed by means of the Kendall coefficient of concordance. Individual patterns of directional dominance were consistent; the range of values of W for the four Ss was from 0.619 to 0.791. The individual patterns of direction change were generally less consistent; the range of W was from 0.242 to 0.704.
Subject Differences in Exponents of Psychophysical Power Functions
Authors: Rule Stanley J.
Published: September 2011

Psychophysical power functions were obtained from magnitude estimation of circle size, numerousness, and line length for each of 36 Ss. Correlations for individual exponents were found between continua. The findings supported the hypothesis that an individual exhibits a characteristic range of responses in magnitude estimation tasks.
Kinesthetic Aftereffect, a Measure of Kinesthetic Awareness
Authors: Hutton Robert S.
Published: September 2011

It was hypothesized that scores on similar tests for kinesthetic awareness (KA) and kinesthetic aftereffects (KAE) should correlate negatively. 57 male university students were administered tasks designed to measure KA and KAE. Low inter-test Pearsonian correlation coefficients indicated negligible relationships between the two tasks. Further investigation is suggested since the correlation values fell in the posited direction.
Analysis of Factor Variance: One-Way Classification
Authors: Pinneau Samuel R. , Levine Anson J. , Schurr Bryce C. , Butler Donald C.
Published: September 2011

A method of analyzing M response measures gathered in a simple analysis of variance design has been suggested. The first step is a factor analysis of the M by M total correlation matrix with rotation to “simple structure” and the extraction of Q factors with uncorrelated factor scores. Secondly, separate analyses of variance are performed on each of the Q sets of factor scores. Some advantages are knowledge of the structure of the response space, economy of description, and orthogonality of response factor measurements.
Examination of Some Aspects of the Stroop Color-Word Test
Authors: Dalrymple-Alford E. C. , Budayr Bushra
Published: September 2011

In the Stroop Test color naming is found to be slower when the colors are those in which non-corresponding color names are written. A similar result was found when the incongruent word-color combinations were presented individually. When presented in lists, the structure of the lists was found to contribute to impairment of color naming.
Discrimination Reaction Performance as a Function of Anxiety and Sex Parameters
Authors: Noble Clyde E. , Hays J. Ray
Published: September 2011

From a sample of 681 college undergraduates 4 groups of 20 Ss of each sex (M, F), comparable in age and reasoning ability, were selected for low (L = 3 to 9) and high (H = 27 to 41) anxiety on the basis of Taylor MAS scores. All 80 Ss received 320 trials on the Air Force Discrimination Reaction Timer with nonspecific instructions designed to produce a high degree of task complexity. The results were as follows: (1) Group HF was slightly inferior in reaction speed ( Ra) to Group LF initially, superior later; (2) Group HM remained markedly inferior to Group LM throughout; (3) men were generally faster than women; (4) women were significantly more anxious pre-experimentally than men; (5) the main effects of Practice, Sex, and their interaction were significant, as predicted, but Anxiety was a clear decremental factor only among males; (6) mean acquisition curves for 4 augmented groups of 50 Ss each were exponential and also revealed a marginal Practice × Sex × Anxiety interaction. The equations fitted the Ra data with an average error of less than 1%, which is in excellent agreement with the Hull-Spence theory. Implications for prior research by Grice, Noble, Spence, and Taylor were discussed.
Some Differences in Self Perceptions between Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics
Authors: Rosen Alexander C.
Published: September 2011

An effort was made to extract some principles from the literature which described the model alcoholic personality. A sample of 100 items were selected, 25 of each from the four major categories of personality traits: (1) anger, hostility, handling of aggression, (2) effectiveness in social and personal interaction, (3) the handling of oral and dependency needs, and (4) the management of anxiety and depression. Q-sort deck was analyzed both for mean sortings for the significant groups and by means of interpersonal correlation matrices. It did not appear that the uniqueness of the alcoholic personality could be conspicuously delineated even with items which on the basis of theoretical formulation were heavily loaded with characters and qualities customarily assigned to the alcoholic. There was little evidence in the data as gathered to support the notion that there is a unique, special, or modal alcoholic personality which clearly differentiates him from other kinds of socially maladaptive or psychiatric maladaptive individuals. Specific factor characteristics within the alcoholic group were described. It is suggested that there may be two types of alcoholics in our sample of patients from a University-based Outpatient Mental Hygiene Clinic.
Interaction of Shock Intensity, Age, and Handling Effects on Avoidance Conditioning
Authors: Doty Barbara A. , O'Hare K. M.
Published: September 2011

180 rats aged 3 or 300 days were either handled for 20 consecutive days or were unhandled. 40 days after treatment, rats learned a discriminated avoidance task, with 1 of 3 UCS (shock) intensities. Handling improved avoidance performance of both 3- and 300-day-old Ss with mild (0.5-ma.) and moderate (1.0-ma.) shock intensities. Avoidance performance of infantile-handled rats was superior to performance of other Ss at lower shock levels but was inferior to other groups with a stronger shock level (2.0 ma.). Performance of older unhandled Ss was very poor with low shock but improved consistently with increases in shock intensity. These findings are interpreted in terms of handling and age effects on responsiveness to painful stimulation.
On Categorical Scales of Weight
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihisa , Nakatani Kazuo
Published: September 2011

The law of categorical judgment was applied to data on subjective weight in order to eliminate the possible biases. Conditions D, C, and a new approximation method were used. Stimuli were two series of plastic cylinders weighing 40 to 200 gm. The results indicate that linearity in the relationship between scale values R and stimulus values S increases as the number of assumptions decreases. When Scheffé's method is used, the relationship can be given by R = 2.5 S − 3.1, which is similar to that obtained by the new method of the law of categorical judgment.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Critical Flicker Frequency of Heavy and Light Smokers
Authors: Barlow David H. , Baer Daniel J.
Published: September 2011

In order to evaluate the effects of smoking on CFF, heavy and light smoker thresholds were determined 5 min. and 1 min. before, and then 1, 5, 10, and 15 min. after 10 inhalations of a cigarette. Although both groups of smokers showed a significant elevation in CFF immediately after smoking, the light smokers' CFF gradually returned to pre-smoking levels, while the heavy smokers' CFF fell below and then rose above the pre-smoking level.
Dogmatism and Perceptual Synthesis
Authors: Kessler Michael R. , Kronenberger Earl J.
Published: September 2011

To study the effects of (1) dogmatism, (2) perceptual analysis, and (3) their interaction on a perceptual synthesis task 110 male Ss were administered the Dogmatism test. The 30 Ss ranking the highest (closed-minded) and the 30 Ss ranking the lowest (open-minded) were then given the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) to assess analytic ability. 4 groups of 8 Ss each were drawn from high and low scores: open-minded-field-independent, open-minded-field-dependent, closed-minded-field-independent, and closed-minded-field-dependent. All groups were administered an adaptation of the Kohs block design task as a measure of perceptual synthesis. No significant relationship was found between dogmatism and perceptual synthesis, but there was a significant relationship between perceptual analysis and perceptual synthesis. It was concluded that analytic ability, as determined by the EFT, was highly related to perceptual synthesis performance, while dogmatism, a cognitive variable, was not.
Choice as a Function of Stimulus Change
Authors: Earl Robert W. , Franken Robert E. , May Richard B.
Published: September 2011

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether rats will select the T-maze alternative that has been changed between exposure and test trials when the change is one of pattern as opposed to brightness. Both experiments indicate that, with adequate adaptation to the maze and test situation prior to the test trial, rats do respond to temporal change in pattern. In the second experiment it was found that the more spatially complex stimulus was selected significantly more often on Trial 1 than was the simple patterned stimulus. The results of these experiments indicate that stimulus change, whether spatially or temporally induced, will elicit approach responses.
Aftermath of Severe Multiple Deprivation in a Young Child: Clinical Implications
Authors: Rosen Shirley R. , Hirschenfang Samuel , Benton Joseph G.
Published: September 2011

This clinical case illustrates a child's physical and mental retardation as a result of neglect and abandonment by the family. Specific areas of impairment are illustrated as are various techniques utilized in speech therapy in the rehabilitation of the child.
Interaction between a Visually Perceived Simple Figure and an Appropriate Verbal Label in Recall
Authors: Cohen Ronald L.
Published: September 2011

Using a circle with a 90° gap as stimulus figure and the verbal labels a clock set at 5 min. to 7 and a clock set at 10 min. to 8, several experimental conditions were run to test the interaction between the figure and the label in recall, after the stimulus had been labelled just prior to its presentation. From the obtained results the conclusion was drawn that the main interaction occurs during the recall phase, there existing two separate memory traces, a visual and a verbal, up to the time of recall.
Extinction following Various Types of Partial Reinforcement in a Probability Matching Situation
Authors: Hergenhahn B. R. , Potts George R.
Published: September 2011

The hypothesis that as the discriminability of reinforcement patterns during acquisition goes up resistance to extinction goes down was tested. Ss were given 50 trials of either 50% random reinforcement, 80% random reinforcement, or 50% single alternation reinforcement. The 50% random group showed greatest resistance to extinction, then the 80% random group, and finally the single alternation group, which confirms the hypothesis.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: V. Translation of “Stereognostic Perception” by E. Claparede
Authors: Wolinsky Gloria F. , Ayre Elizabeth
Published: September 2011

E. Claparede's article on “Stereognostic Perception” was found during a search of the literature pertaining to haptic perception. The article reviews several approaches to this problem of tactual recognition of phenomenon and argues the case for the stereognostic “deduction” of form that relies on previous complex experience.
Relation of Visual-Motor Skills and Reading Achievement in Primary-Grade Pupils of Superior Ability
Authors: Chang Thomas M. C. , Chang Vivian A. C.
Published: September 2011

Second and third grade pupils ( ns = 23, 27, 24, 26) of superior intelligence were dichotomized into subgroups on the basis of visual-motor development as measured by the Bender-Gestalt. Bender and WISC scores were significantly correlated with reading at the second grade level but not at the third grade. The relationship of reading to visual-motor development and the learning of other skills to read for this type of pupil is suggested.
Spatial and Visual Performance and Learning in Mice
Authors: Werboff Jack , Anderson Albert
Published: September 2011

Inbred mice (C57BL/6J and A/J) received training in a water maze with free spatial (right-left) or visual (black-white) choices followed by spatial or visual learning. C57BL/6J mice showed spatial preferences and learned the spatial task faster than the visual task. A/J mice evidenced no preferences and learned neither task.
Feeding Schedule and Performance on Detours
Authors: Davis Roger T.
Published: September 2011

4 monkeys under 24-hr. deprivation performed more often than 5 sated monkeys (1-hr. deprivation) on bent-wire detours, but the differences were small. This trend put in question the claim that chimpanzees fed 3 times a day performed better for motivational reasons than monkeys fed once.
A Differential Comparison of Two Types of Electropulse Alphabets Based on Locus of Stimulation
Authors: Brown R. L. , Nibarger D. , Ollie G. , Solomon A.
Published: September 2011

Recognition accuracy was observed on 25 Ss with variation in the type placement (single- and multi-body regions) when varying numbers (1, 2, 3, 5, and 7) of electrode sites were pulsed simultaneously from among a 10-electrode array. Accuracy dropped drastically with increased number of sites pulsed and was most pronounced when the electrode array was restricted to a single region of the body. The accumulated data appear to cast serious doubt on the use of patterning of simultaneous electropulses as a fruitful approach to tactual communication. An alternative approach was proposed.
Motor Skills Bibliography: LXVIII. Psychological Index No. 11, 1904
Authors: Ammons R. B. , Ammons C. H.
Published: September 2011

46 skills items comprise this alphabetical listing.
Estimation of Distances on the Body
Authors: Shontz Franklin C.
Published: September 2011

24 men and 24 women college students estimated the sizes of 13 body stimuli and 13 nonbody objects by adjusting markers on a horizontal rod and by drawing 1:4 scale pictures of their own bodies. Data were scores expressing response size as a percentage of stimulus size. In both response modes, percentage scores for body stimuli assumed a pattern that was not evident in estimates of nonbody-object sizes. Combinations of body parts, judged as a unit, were underestimated relative to estimates of component body parts judged separately. Ss' free drawings of the human figure, rated for disturbance in body image, were not significantly related to size-estimations of body or nonbody stimuli.
Vibrissae and Genetic Background: Their Role in a Water Submersion Task with Mice
Authors: Werboff Jack , Anderson Albert
Published: September 2011

Four experiments are reported which demonstrate that mice, deprived of their vibrissae and from different species and strains representing inbred, hybrid, and four-way cross genetic backgrounds, are impaired in their survival response on a water-submersion task in water of 105°F and with a tail weight of 2 gm to 30 gm of body weight. Although wide differences between groups are observed in rime to submersion with or without vibrissae, there is a trend for mice from groups of greater genetic heterogeneity to have longer time to submersion scores than inbred or genetically homogeneous groups. Handling, which was a necessary procedure in removing the vibrissae, is found to also reduce time to submersion when handling occurs without removing the vibrissae. Prior water submersion experience does not influence retest submersion scores.
Neuro-Psychiatric Hypothesis about Territorial Behavior
Authors: Pontius Anneliese A.
Published: September 2011

A hypothesis is offered that territorial behavior fosters adaptation and survival by preventing unstructured overstimulation especially of the limbic system in general and of the septal region in particular with its importance for the propagation of the species.
Correlations among Factors in Judo Contest Performance
Authors: Min Kyung-Ho
Published: September 2011

To examine the interrelations among foot and hip reaction times, body weight, age, height, experience (1 to 12 yr. practice of Judo), belt rank, and indices of performance in a judo contest, measures were taken from 34 males, aged 15 to 40 yr. ( M = 23.0). Body weight and reaction times were not consistently related to contest scores, but amount of experience and belt rank were clearly positively related ( rs ranged from .76—.91).
Comparison of Indian Students' Perceptions of Nehru and Shastri
Authors: Merenda Peter F. , Mohan Jitendra
Published: September 2011

30 Indian students were asked to describe Prime Minister Shastri on the AVA. 19 had previously given their perceptions of Nehru while he was Prime Minister. While there was very close agreement in the perceptions of the public image of Nehru, that of Shastri resulted in two distinct clusters.
Comparison of Bender-Gestalt Reproductions by Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Hirschenfang Samuel , Silber Maurycy , Benton Joseph G.
Published: September 2011

The Bender-Gestalt test was administered to two groups of 20 Ss with alcoholic neuropathies and 20 Ss with metabolic/infectious neuropathies. The former patients did as well as the non-alcoholic patients, suggesting that those groups resemble each other in visual motor coordination on the Bender-Gestalt.
Performance on a Vigilance Task under Conditions of True and False Knowledge of Results
Authors: Antonelli D. C. , Karas G. G.
Published: September 2011

A vigilance study comparing the effects of true and false knowledge of results is presented. The study determines at what point, if any, the effects of false knowledge of results (FKR) reflect the results of earlier vigilance studies involving true knowledge of results (KR). The task used required a response to a signal on a display panel. The KR was either true or randomly generated FKR. Latency of response was the dependent variable. The results demonstrated that groups receiving KR do not differ significantly in performance from groups receiving FKR. The best results were obtained at the 100% feedback level, a drop occurred at the 50% level, and the hypothesized drop in performance occurred between 30% and 20%.
Comments on the Possibility of Using Modified Printed Linguistic Stimuli in Study of Visual Perception and its Disorders
Authors: Becker Leonard V.
Published: September 2011

Linguistic stimuli may be used in vision on comparable principles to those used in the study of audition. A distinctive feature of these comments is the use of moving distorted linguistic stimuli. Such stimuli may affect measurement of the more dynamic temporal resolving processes of the visual system. Suggestions are made for possible clinical usage.
A New Test of Dynamic Visual Retention
Authors: Gaddes William H.
Published: September 2011

A new test is described which is designed to measure visual serial-order perception. A total of 331 normal Ss, including children aged 8 through 12 and groups of both adolescents and adults, were tested. Results indicate that performances of Ss free of obvious cerebral dysfunctions show a linear improvement from age 8 to about 13. After that age, gains are at a slower rate until adulthood. No sex differences were noted. The test appears to have value for providing information about the normal development of serial-order visual perception, serial-order visual memory and spatial imagery. As a neuropsychological test it is sensitive in discriminating brain-damage and cerebral dysfunction.
Further Studies of the Attentional Response of Humans and Squirrel Monkeys to Visual Patterns
Authors: Brown Larry T.
Published: September 2011

2 experiments were performed to (a) examine the importance of pattern elevation, curvature, hue, and dissimilarity of hue to human viewing time and (b) determine whether those properties found to affect human behavior similarly affect the attentional behavior of the squirrel monkey. 60 human Ss served in Exp. I and 10 monkeys in Exp. II. In Exp. I patterns containing elevated components were viewed longer than patterns containing 2-dimensional components ( P < .05), and patterns containing components of dissimilar hue were viewed longer than those with components of similar hue ( P < .05). In Exp. II a measure of attention based on performance in a discrimination-learning situation was employed. When the data were analyzed in terms of approach to the positive pattern, patterns containing elevated and curved components were found to have greater attentional value than patterns with 2-dimensional or angular components ( Ps < .025 and .05, respectively); however, when the data were analyzed in terms of avoidance of the negative pattern no significant differences were found. On the basis of both these findings and those of earlier studies it was concluded that, for both humans and squirrel monkeys, informational parameters tend to show greater intradimensional differences in attentional control than noninformational parameters.
Factor Analysis of WB-I and Wais Scores of Patients with Chronic Cerebral Dysfunction
Authors: Reed James C. , Fitzhugh Kathleen B.
Published: September 2011

A factor analysis was performed on the intercorrelation matrix of the subtests of WB-I and WAIS. 2, 3, and 11 factors were orthogonally rotated. The two-factor and three-factor solution yielded factors that had previously been found for WB-I and WAIS separately. In the eleven-factor solution, the corresponding subtest from each scale did not load in pairs. Implications for generalizing conclusions from one form of the test to the other are discussed.
Teacher Ratings of IQ and Porteus Maze Scores of Pitjandjara Children
Authors: David Kenneth H. , Bochner Stephen
Published: September 2011

This study investigated the Maze as a measure of general intelligence (g) among central Australian aboriginal children. 26 Ss (7 to 12 yr.) were ranked on g by their teacher and given the Maze Test. A significant rho of .39 ( p < 05) indicated a moderate relationship between teacher ratings of g and test quotients of the Maze. The importance of the relationship is increased when one considers the difficulty of the ranking task, e.g., cultural differences between teacher and children, large class-size, and wide age range of the children. The results give further evidence for the use of the Maze as a cross-cultural measure of g.
Normative and Reliability Data on Finger and Foot Tapping in Children
Authors: Knights Robert M. , Moule Allan D.
Published: September 2011

Speed of dominant and non-dominant hand and foot tapping was measured in 169 elementary school pupils from CA 5 to 14. Normative data for the total group and reliability estimates for parts of the sample over a 1-yr. and a 7-mo. period are presented.
Creativity and Masculinity-Femininity in Ninth Graders
Authors: Littlejohn Mary T.
Published: September 2011

656 urban ninth-grade boys and girls were categorized by sex and as high- or low-creatives on the basis of their scores on the Revised Art Scale (RA) of the Welsh Figure Preference Tests (WFPT). Ms and SDs were calculated for all four groups on the following masculinity-femininity (mf) scales: WFPT Female-Male (FM), MMPI Mf, CPI Fe, and Nichols' Subtle and Obvious. (High scores on all mf scales are feminine.) Significance of the differences between the mf means of high- and low-creative boys and of high- and low-creative girls were calculated. On FM, both the high-creative boys and girls scored significantly higher ( p < .001) than the low-creatives. There were no significant differences between high- and low-creative boys on other mf scales. High-creative girls had lower Ms than low-creatives on Subtle ( p < .001), Obvious ( p < .05), and Mf ( p < .01), although absolute differences were small.
Expectancy for Locus of Control of Reinforcement and Perception of Orderliness
Authors: Levy Leon H.
Published: September 2011

In order to determine the generality of the conception of causality measured by Rotter's I-E scale, it was administered individually to 48 Ss with four experimental tasks designed to measure their tendency to perceive orderliness between nonpersonal events. The I-E scale did not correlate with any of the experimental measures but these measures correlated consistently and significantly with each other. This was interpreted to mean that conceptions of causality vary independently from one domain of events to another and that at least two such domains may be said to exist. The theoretical and research implications of these findings were discussed.
Effect of Alpha-Methyltyrosine on Sleep in the Rat
Authors: Marantz Robert , Rechtschaffen Allan
Published: September 2011

Three successive intraperitoneal injections of 50 mg/kg alphamethyltyrosine at 4-hr. intervals failed to produce significant changes in percentage of time spent sleeping or in percentage of sleep in the paradoxical phase in rats. Similar injections in subsequently sacrificed rats produced a depletion of more than 50% in whole brain norepinephrine without significantly changing brain serotonin levels. The results fail to support the hypothesis of a major mediating role for norepinephrine in the regulation of paradoxical sleep or sleep per se.
Non-Verbal Language for Colors: Fact or Artifact?
Authors: Smith Olin W. , Doherty Michael , Cranny Charles
Published: September 2011

Ryan's (1940) critique of Werner's (1930) results suggested a test of the Langer and Rosenberg (1964) conclusions concerning a “non-verbal language” or “code” for four colors. Langer and Rosenberg's (1964) experiment was replicated using 26 color choices instead of four and only printed materials instead of both vocal and printed stimuli. Their results were not replicated. Two additional tests and five other sets of associational materials were also investigated. The conclusion is that the associational value of words and nonsense syllables for colors is the basis for a more parsimonious explanation of syllable-color associations than one that is based on phonetic symbolism.
Vision without Contours: Study of Visual Information from Ordinal Stimulation
Authors: Johansson Gunnar
Published: September 2011

Continuous change of illuminance over retinal area in accordance with the sinusoidal function was studied as a stimulus for the human visual system. Its efficiency in controlling pursuit eye movements was compared with that of a stepwise luminance function (square wave). Such distributions of luminance were generated on a cathode ray screen (wavelength at the eye 9° and 3°) and were given a small translatory motion (2° – 12′). Ss were instructed to follow the moving pattern with pursuit eye movements. There is no difference in performance between the two types of brightness distributions. A stimulus motion of 24′ was sufficient to produce full evidence of eye tracking in all Ss also from the contour-free sinusoidal pattern. This means that the brightness change in every point of the CRT screen was far below the retinal sensitivity threshold at the illuminance level used. Thus a summation effect occurs. This was taken as a support for an hypothesis about “ordinal” stimulation. Arguments from modern neurophysiology are introduced and yield further support for the conclusion.
Size Judgments of Disks Presented against the Zenith Sky
Authors: Orbach J. , Solhkhah Nariman
Published: September 2011

Under unrestricted binocular conditions, up to 120 ft., size judgments were found to conform to the principle of size constancy (Holway & Boring, 1941). Under similar conditions, but with the stimulus displayed against the zenith sky, size judgments departed from size constancy as distance was increased and moved toward visual angle.
Improvement of Recognition on a Multi-Modal Pattern Discrimination Test
Authors: Cappon Daniel , Banks Robin , Ramsey Craig
Published: September 2011

A multi-modal test of pattern discrimination, including vision, hearing, active and passive touch, is described. It measures changes in veridicality of recognition as a result of two kinds of treatment: variation in pattern definition or context and practice effects. The test consists essentially of stable familiar geometrical figures in the foreground against a background of graduated “noise” in the same modality as the embedded figure. 240 Ss, divided into four groups (one of each modality) were employed. Ss were exposed to corrective feedback, repeated exposure or a control condition and to a random presentation of varying background for each of the foreground figures in a particular modality. Results indicated that both practice and background noise level affected veridicality of recognition.
Relation of Levels of Dogmatism and Perceived Threat under Conditions of Group Personality Testing
Authors: Tosi Donald J. , Fagan Thomas K. , Frumkin R. M.
Published: September 2011

When self-identifications by means of name or birthdate were used as criterion measures of threat, it was found among 78 graduate students who completed the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale that high dogmatic Ss (150 or above) were most threatened, but that the middle dogmatic group of Ss (121-149) rather than the low dogmatic Ss (120 or below) were least threatened. Findings, therefore, challenge the assumption that low-dogmatic Ss are the most open-minded and least threatened.
Bibliography on Q Technique and its Methodology
Authors: Brown Steven R.
Published: September 2011

More than 580 references on Q technique and its methodology are grouped in the following categories: [1] History, Principles, Controversies, and Evaluation; [2] Factor Analysis and Related Statistics; [3] Measurement Theory: (a) Nonprojective tests and assessment, (b) Application to projective tests, (c) Q sort tests; [4] Applications of Q Technique: (a) Self psychology, (b) Counseling and psychotherapy, (c) Personality theory and research, (d) Type psychology, (e) Clinical psychology, (f) Educational and child psychology, (g) Social relations and social science; [5] Contributions of William Stephenson; [6] Reviews; and [7] Unpublished Materials and Manuals. A brief essay precedes the bibliography.
Individual Differences in Arm Strength, Speed, Reaction Time, and Three Serial Reaction Time-Movement Time “Programs”
Authors: Smith Leon E.
Published: September 2011

The motor performance of 32 college men was measured on the following tests: arm strength, arm reaction and movement times, arm-and-leg serial reaction and movement times. Specificity of variance of individual differences was found for single, simple, and discrete limb movements and for three programmed series of large RT-MT movements which involved 240 responses.
Influence of Type of Stressor and Sex of Subject on Time Estimation
Authors: Greenberg Roger P. , Kurz Ronald B.
Published: September 2011

90 Ss estimated a fixed period of time under a no-stress condition and either a failure, pacing, or another no-stress condition. The results showed that men under failure reduced their estimates of the passage of time significantly more than women under failure and significantly more than men under pacing. These results were discussed primarily in terms of differential arousal of achievement motivation by the two stressors and differences between the sexes in achievement motivation. Results seem to support the hypothesis that unique stress-producing operations lead to unique effects on estimation of time. Further, the results highlight the role of sex in such research.
Relation of Physical Fitness to a Dimension of Body Image
Authors: Armstrong Hubert E. , Armstrong Dollie C.
Published: September 2011

It was hypothesized that a significant positive correlation exists between body-image-barrier scores and a “muscular” approach to the world as reflected in a physical fitness score. Adolescent boys and girls were administered group Rorschach tests and a measure of physical fitness. The hypothesis was supported by data for the female group but not by data from the male group. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Nonintellective Components in the School Performance of Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Lefkowitz Monroe M.
Published: September 2011

The relationship between nonintellective components of behavior and academic achievement was examined for a sample of institutionalized juvenile delinquents. Impulsivity was negatively related to school achievement. Modification of the psychomotor behavior in question was suggested.
Oral Perception and Articulation Learning
Authors: Locke John L.
Published: September 2011

10 children with inaccurate oral perception were less able to learn new consonant articulations than 10 Ss with accurate oral perception. Oral stereognosis was discussed as a substrate of articulation skill. The linguistic significance of experimental sound learning was pondered.
Motor Skills Bibliography: XCIII. Psychological Abstracts, 1967, Volume 41, Third Quarter
Authors: Ammons R. B. , Ammons C. H.
Published: September 2011

98 references to research on motor skills are listed alphabetically.
Influence of Repeated Testing and of Starting Position in Kinesthetic Aftereffect
Authors: Carlson Jean B. , Campbell Sarah F.
Published: September 2011

The purposes of this experiment on kinesthetic aftereffects were to determine whether test (T) trials inserted between inspection (I) periods affected the magnitude of effect and to examine the influence of wedge starting position on single judgment and cumulative effect on averaged judgments using the method of average error. 60 experimental Ss had 1-min. I periods separated by rests or by T trials. A control group had T trials without I periods. Each S had 4 trials per test period and started each trial at a different wedge position (A, B, C., or D). Starting position order was varied within groups (ADCB, BADC, CDAB, or DABC). Results indicate: (a) T trials may decrease aftereffect; (b) starting position highly influences single PSE choice; and (c) effects of starting position are not a simple function of starting position per trial since the impact of each start is modified by the first in a series. Therefore, averaging settings made on the basis of starting positions above and below POE does not eliminate the bias created by the initial starting position.
The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery in Brain-Damaged, Normal, and Epileptic Subjects
Authors: Tureen Robert G. , Schwartz Melvin L. , Dennerll Raymond D.
Published: September 2011

The Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB) was administered to 177 out-patient epileptics and the mean subtest scores along with sample parameters of age, education, and IQ were compared with data from other studies of brain-damaged, control, and epileptic Ss. Epileptics performed better than normal controls on 4 of 5 subtests in one study, and comparison with another HRB study of epileptics revealed gross sampling differences. The importance of sample parameters in cross-study comparisons of neuropsychological deficit in various brain pathology groups was underscored.
Perception of Female Physiques
Authors: Miller Alan R. , Stewart Robert A.
Published: September 2011

14 male Ss ranked 6 pictures for 7 concepts and demonstrated consistent stereotyped perceptions of female physiques. Of the 7 concepts used 6 were statistically significant.