bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Wellness After Pediatric Concussion
Authors: Beauchamp Miriam H. , Tang Ken , Yeates Keith Owen , Anderson Peter , Brooks Brian L. , Keightley Michelle , Désiré Naddley , Boutis Kathy , Gagnon Isabelle , Gravel Jocelyn , Dubrovsky Alexander Sasha , Zemek Roger ,   for the 5P PERC Concussion Team
Published: May 2019

Objective:Concussion in children and adolescents is a prevalent problem with implications for subsequent physical, cognitive, behavioral, and psychological functioning, as well as quality of life. While these consequences warrant attention, most concussed children recover well. This study aimed to determine what pre-injury, demographic, and injury-related factors are associated with optimal outcome (“wellness”) after pediatric concussion.Method:A total of 311 children 6–18 years of age with concussion participated in a longitudinal, prospective cohort study. Pre-morbid conditions and acute injury variables, including post-concussive symptoms (PCS) and cognitive screening (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, SAC), were collected in the emergency department, and a neuropsychological assessment was performed at 4 and 12 weeks post-injury. Wellness, defined by the absence of PCS and cognitive inefficiency and the presence of good quality of life, was the main outcome. Stepwise logistic regression was performed using 19 predictor variables.Results:41.5% and 52.2% of participants were classified as being well at 4 and 12 weeks post-injury, respectively. The final model indicated that children who were younger, who sustained sports/recreational injuries (vs. other types), who did not have a history of developmental problems, and who had better acute working memory (SAC concentration score) were significantly more likely to be well.Conclusions:Determining the variables associated with wellness after pediatric concussion has the potential to clarify which children are likely to show optimal recovery. Future work focusing on wellness and concussion should include appropriate control groups and document more extensively pre-injury and injury-related factors that could additionally contribute to wellness. (JINS, 2019,25, 375–389)
Bringing heaven down to earth: reading the plan of Ronchamp
Authors: Tuomey John
Published: May 2019

Valery’s cry for clarity stiffens my resolve to write from the position of a working life in architectural practice. Sometimes we need to raise our heads above the heat of daily battle with budgets and restrictive regulations, to remind ourselves of what it was that made architecture such a compelling field of study in the first place. Personal experience of works of architecture persuades us that architectural design provides useful evidence of human intelligence. And there is a case to be made for connecting the widely accepted value of historic architecture to the less well-established position of contemporary architecture in the culture, to pay attention to what Robin Evans once called ‘the small poetic voice of modern architecture’.3
Overlay of residual herbicides in rice for improved weed management
Authors: Osterholt Matthew J. , Webster Eric P. , Blouin David C. , McKnight Benjamin M.
Published: May 2019

A study was conducted at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center’s H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate a prepackaged mixture of clomazone plus pendimethalin applied delayed preemergence (DPRE) or POST within an herbicide residual overlay with saflufenacil, clomazone, or quinclorac. POST applications included penoxsulam or halosulfuron in combination with the second residual application. No differences were observed in barnyardgrass control (92% to 98%) at 14 days after treatment (DAT). At 42 DAT, barnyardgrass treated with clomazone plus pendimethalin in combination with either clomazone or quinclorac at either timing was controlled 95% to 96%. However, when saflufenacil was applied PRE, regardless of the POST herbicide or when saflufenacil was applied POST with halosulfuron, barnyardgrass control was reduced to 78% to 81%, compared with 95% to 96% with the control with all other residual combinations. Yellow nutsedge and rice flatsedge control increased when treated with halosulfuron compared with penoxsulam across all evaluation dates. At 28 and 42 DAT, texasweed treated with saflufenacil PRE, regardless of POST applications, was controlled 83% and 87%, respectively, and this was greater control than provided by clomazone or quinclorac applied PRE regardless of POST herbicide program.
Moderne Therapie der stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheit: Der Stellenwert der koronaren Revaskularisation
Authors: Heiniger Pascal S. , Holy Erik W. , Maier Willibald , Nietlispach Fabian , Ruschitzka Frank , Stähli Barbara E.
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen stellen weltweit die häufigste Todesursache dar, wobei die koronare Herzkrankheit die Hauptrolle spielt. Prävention und optimale Therapie von Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit sind daher wichtig. Die Therapie beinhaltet neben Lebensstilveränderungen die Implementierung einer optimalen medikamentösen Therapie und Sekundärprävention, wie auch den gezielten Einsatz der koronaren Revaskularisation zur Symptomlinderung oder Verbesserung der Prognose. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst Therapiestrategien bei Patienten mit stabiler koronarer Herzkrankheit zusammen und fokussiert auf die im September 2018 publizierten Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) zur myokardialen Revaskularisation.
Using Data‐Regrouping Methods to Attenuate Shot‐to‐Shot Coherent Interference Noise in Marine Seismic Data
Authors: Shen Honglei , Elboth Thomas , Tao Chunhui , Tian Gang , Wang Hanchuang , Qiu Lei , Zhou Jianping
Published: May 2019

Abstracts

Unwanted interference noise often causes problems during seismic reflection data acquisition and processing. In this paper we present two novel data‐regrouping methods that enable improved shot‐to‐shot coherent interference noise attenuation in marine seismic data. The two approaches are based on line mixing and/or shot skipping: (1) for a 3‐D marine seismic reflection data acquisition which is typically carried out by shooting closely spaced parallel lines, we propose to mix the shot gathers from two adjacent sail lines to break up shot‐to‐shot coherent noise. This approach takes advantage of the fact that adjacent sail lines are usually acquired with a significant time interval, resulting in different types of noise; (2) for a 2‐D/3‐D acquisition, we propose an algorithm to skip and reorder the original shots to decrease the continuity of the shot‐to‐shot coherent noise. This approach could also supply more aperture data for the first or last shot from both sides, which is beneficial for the coherent noise removal at the edge area. After regrouping the original data, the coherent noise can then be further randomized or isolated by sorting and transforming to other domains, typically the common p‐shot domain where a random noise attenuation tool could be applied to identify and attenuate such noise. Field data examples confirm the effectiveness of the methods.
Mountain Building in Taiwan: Insights From 3‐D Geodynamic Models
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Kaus Boris J. P. , Zhao Liang , Yang Jianfeng , Li Yang
Published: May 2019

Taiwan is widely considered to be a typical example of an arc‐continent collision surrounded by two opposite dipping subduction zones. The manner by which the interaction of the two neighboring slabs caused plate collision and mountain building is insufficiently understood. Various hypotheses have been proposed, but the geodynamic feasibility of those remains to be tested. Here we present 3‐D thermomechanical models to study the geodynamic evolution process of a Taiwan‐like setting after an initial transform fault was consumed. In our model setup, the boundary between the Eurasian plate and the South China Sea is northeast trending. The results show that all simulations result in toroidal mantle flow around the slab edges and that slab breakoff as well as a small‐scale mountain belt with high topography and crustal exhumation occurs in most cases. The Eurasian continental crust is exhumed in a dome‐like manner exposing higher‐grade metamorphic rocks, facilitated by high erosion rates and a weak continental lower crust rheology, but inhibited by the presence of a weak arc. A high topography within the orogen, as well as continental slab detachment, can develop for the convergence direction of N307° and large convergence rates. Our modeling results are thus generally consistent with the Eurasian slab‐tearing model proposed for Taiwan based on seismic tomographic studies, and we suggest that the main characteristic features in Taiwan can be explained by the combined effects of fast erosion, a weak lower crust, fast convergence, and a small convergence azimuth.
Unprecedented Response of Indonesian Throughflow to Anomalous Indo‐Pacific Climatic Forcing in 2016
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , McPhaden Michael J. , Gordon Arnold L. , Napitu Asmi M.
Published: May 2019

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport in the upper layer of Makassar Strait was reduced by an unprecedented 25–40% during June to September 2016, the weakest northern summer ITF transport measured through 2004 to mid‐2017. A negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event occurring through boreal summer and fall 2016 was the main driver for the reduced ITF transport. Elevated sea surface temperature and height off the southern coast of Sumatra and Java islands, attributed to the IOD event, suppressed the Pacific to Indian pressure gradient, resulting in a reduction in the ITF transport. Intensified Wyrtki jets, energetic westerly winds, and downwelling Kelvin waves associated with the strong IOD event contributed to the suppressed interocean pressure gradient. The influence from the 2016 La Niña event on the other hand was secondary. This study showcases the role of coupled ocean‐atmosphere interactions in Indian Ocean in regulating an extreme interannual variation of the ITF in 2016, which is a unique event in the observational record.
The Madden‐Julian Oscillation's Impact on the Makassar Strait Surface Layer Transport
Authors: Napitu Asmi M. , Pujiana Kandaga , Gordon Arnold L.
Published: May 2019

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) surface layer dynamics within the Makassar Strait, responsible for ~77% of the ITF, are investigated using in situ and satellite‐derived observations from January 2004 to August 2011 and August 2013 to December 2016. Surface layer southward transport attains its minima during boreal winter in response to atmospheric and oceanic processes attributed to Australian‐Indonesian monsoon as well as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). While the monsoon's impact on seasonal variability of the ITF transport has been well documented, the MJO's role to modulate the variability of the ITF transport is less studied. Eleven MJO events traversed from Indian Ocean to Western Pacific during boreal winter months over the course of the Makassar Strait time series. Intensified along‐strait wind stress, reduced outgoing longwave radiation, increased sea surface height in the southern Makassar Strait, and a reduction in the surface layer ITF transport by up to 4 Sv marked the impact of the active phase of the MJO. Analysis of the momentum budget in the surface layer indicates that the excess of northward momentum due to the along‐channel pressure gradient over northward momentum attributed to the vertical divergence of Reynold stress governs the northward acceleration of the surface layer during the MJO active phase.
Landslide Material Control on Tsunami Genesis—The Storegga Slide and Tsunami (8,100 Years BP)
Authors: Kim Jihwan , Løvholt Finn , Issler Dieter , Forsberg Carl Fredrik
Published: May 2019

Tsunami generation from subaqueous landslides is controlled by landslide kinematics, which in turn is governed by the material properties of the slide mass. Yet the effect of the material properties on tsunami genesis is poorly understood. Geomorphological observations of landslide runout put constraints on the landslide dynamics. In addition, observations of tsunami runup heights can improve our understanding of how the landslide material transforms from initiation to final runout. The giant prehistoric Storegga Slide off the mid‐Norwegian coast caused a well‐documented ocean‐wide tsunami that offers a unique setting for coupling landslide material models to tsunami generation models. In this study we simulate the dynamics of the Storegga Slide and tsunami using the depth‐averaged landslide model BingClaw, which implements visco‐plastic rheology and remolding, and couple it to a standard tsunami propagation model. A broad sensitivity study varying the landslide material strength parameters in BingClaw shows that the initial soil yield strength and remolding rate are most important for the tsunami genesis but that the residual strength determined the final runout distance. BingClaw parameters were further optimized to obtain the observed runout distance and to minimize the relative error of the tsunami runup heights. As detailed time‐dependent three‐dimensional representations of landslide parameters cannot be determined through a field investigation of the landslide itself, these simulations of the Storegga Slide and tsunami can help in the selection of plausible parameter ranges for prognostic modeling in quantitative hazard assessments.
Multidecadal Modulation of the ENSO Teleconnection to Precipitation and Tree Growth Over Subtropical North America
Authors: Torbenson M. C. A. , Stahle D. W. , Howard I. M. , Burnette D. J. , Villanueva‐Díaz J. , Cook E. R. , Griffin D.
Published: May 2019

The teleconnection of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to instrumental precipitation and temperature during the cool season over North America is strongest and most temporally stable in the TexMex sector of northern Mexico and the borderlands of southwestern United States. The ENSO impact on North American hydroclimate expands and contracts out of this region on multidecadal timescales, possibly associated with the positive and negative phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. A subset of tree‐ring chronologies from the TexMex sector also has the strongest and most stable ENSO signal detected in the North American network, similar to the strong ENSO signal measured in instrumental climate data from the same region. This subset of chronologies is used to reconstruct the multivariate ENSO index (MEI) as a measure of ENSO impact on North American hydroclimate during the instrumental and preinstrumental eras. The reconstruction exhibits improved fidelity in the frequency domain and better registration of spatial changes in ENSO signal over North America when compared to an MEI reconstruction based on all ENSO‐correlated tree‐ring chronologies irrespective of temporal stability of correlation. When correlated with gridded instrumental and tree‐ring reconstructed Palmer drought indices across North America, the stable MEI estimate reproduces the changes in spatial impact of ENSO signal measured with instrumental data, and it reveals similar multidecadal changes in prehistory, potentially linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. The Great Plains drought of the 1850s and 1860s may have been an example of this Pacific‐Atlantic configuration.
Modeling River Boulders to Improve Hydropower Sustainability
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: May 2019

Large stones in streams provide crucial habitat for fish. Modeling the boulders and streamflow offers fresh insights into how water engineering projects alter aquatic habitats.
Strong Influence of Aerosol Reductions on Future Heatwaves
Authors: Zhao Alcide , Bollasina Massimo A. , Stevenson David S.
Published: May 2019

Using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble experiments, we investigate future heatwaves under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, separating the relative roles of greenhouse gas increases and aerosol reductions. We show that there will be more severe heatwaves (in terms of intensity, duration, and frequency) due to mean warming, with minor contributions from future temperature variability changes. While these changes come primarily from greenhouse gas increases, aerosol reductions contribute significantly over the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, per degree of global warming, aerosol reductions induce a significantly stronger response in heatwave metrics relative to greenhouse gas increases. The stronger response to aerosols is associated with aerosol‐cloud interactions, which are still poorly understood and constrained in current climate models. This suggests that there may exist large uncertainties in future heatwave projections, highlighting the critical significance of reducing uncertainties in aerosol‐cloud interactions for reliable projection of climate extremes and effective risk management.
How is New England Coastal Sea Level Related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26° N?
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. , Dangendorf Sönke , Gawarkiewicz Glen G. , Little Christopher M. , Ponte Rui M. , Yang Jiayan
Published: May 2019

Monthly observations are used to study the relationship between the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26° N and sea level (ζ) on the New England coast (northeastern United States) over nonseasonal timescales during 2004–2017. Variability in ζ is anticorrelated with AMOC on intraseasonal and interannual timescales. This anticorrelation reflects the stronger underlying antiphase relationship between ageostrophic Ekman‐related AMOC transports due to local zonal winds across 26° N and ζ changes arising from local wind and pressure forcing along the coast. These distinct local atmospheric variations across 26° N and along coastal New England are temporally correlated with one another on account of large‐scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns. Geostrophic AMOC contributions from the Gulf Stream through the Florida Straits and upper‐mid‐ocean transport across the basin are together uncorrelated with ζ. This interpretation contrasts with past studies that understood ζ and AMOC as being in geostrophic balance with one another.
Quantifying the Uncertainty of Using Solar Wind Measurements for Geospace Inputs
Authors: Walsh B. M. , Bhakyapaibul T. , Zou Y.
Published: May 2019

Predictive models for the Earth's space environment routinely use parameters from the solar wind as inputs. Measurements from spacecraft orbiting the first Lagrange point serve as convenient values for these inputs. The mass, momentum, and energy input into the Earth's space environment, however, are a function of the shocked and processed plasma within the magnetosheath, which can vary significantly from the pristine solar wind at the first Lagrange point. Here statistical measurements from the OMNI data set are combined with measurements by the THEMIS mission within the magnetosheath to generate uncertainty values for pressure and magnetic clock angle. These uncertainties are generated to account for known physical processes in the foreshock and magnetosheath as well as the position of the spacecraft being used to generate the OMNI data set.
Conjugate Ionosphere‐Magnetosphere Observations of a Sub‐Alfvénic Compressional Intermediate‐m Wave: A Case Study Using EKB Radar and Van Allen Probes
Authors: Mager Olga V. , Chelpanov Maksim A. , Mager Pavel N. , Klimushkin Dmitri Yu. , Berngardt Oleg I.
Published: May 2019

A Pc5 wave was simultaneously observed in the ionosphere by EKB radar and in the magnetosphere by both Van Allen Probe spacecraft within a substorm activity. The wave was located in the nightside, in 1.5‐ to 3‐hr magnetic local time sector, and in the region corresponding to the magnetic shells with maximal distances 4.6–7.8 Earth's radii. As it was found using both the radar and spacecraft data, the wave had frequency of about 1.8 mHz and azimuthal wave number m≈−10; that is, the wave was westward propagating. The EKB radar data revealed the equatorward wave propagating in the ionosphere, which corresponded to the earthward propagation in the magnetosphere. Furthermore, the field‐aligned magnetic component was approximately 2 times larger than both transverse components and accompanied by antiphase pressure oscillations; that is, the wave is compressional and diamagnetic. According to both radar and spacecraft measurements, among two transverse magnetic components, the dominant one was the poloidal. The wave was possibly driven by substorm‐injected energetic protons registered by the spacecraft: the proton fluxes were modulated with the wave frequency at energies of about 90 keV, which corresponded to the energy of the drift wave‐particle resonance. The wave frequency was much lower than the minimal frequency of the field line resonance calculated using the spacecraft data. We conclude that the wave is not the Alfvén mode, but some kind of compressional wave, for example, the drift‐compressional mode.
A New Mechanism for the Field Line Twisting in the Ionospheric Magnetic Flux Rope
Authors: Xie Lianghai , Lee Lou‐Chuang
Published: May 2019

Magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) with twisted magnetic field lines are common in the solar system, most of which can be caused by magnetic reconnection or velocity shear. However, these two mechanisms have difficulties in explaining the formation of MFRs observed in the planetary ionosphere. Here we find that a dynamo process can be caused by the differential compression at different parts of a flux tube when it is sinking into the partially ionized ionosphere, leading to an increase in the magnetic energy. The differential compression also produces an azimuthal component of ▽×E, which generates azimuthal magnetic fields with twisted magnetic field lines and gives rise to an ionospheric MFR.
Field‐Aligned Structures of the Poloidal‐Mode ULF Wave Electric Field: Phase Relationship Implications
Authors: Ren Jie , Zong Q. G. , Zhu Y. F. , Zhou X. Z. , Gu S. J.
Published: May 2019

Spacecraft observations within recent decades have demonstrated that ultralow frequency (ULF) waves play an important role in the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere through drift and/or drift‐bounce resonance with different particle species. The phase relationship between resonant particles and waves can help us understand the wave‐particle interacting processes. It has been revealed that the phase relationship between the drift resonant particles and the fundamental poloidal‐mode electric field is a signature to judge the energy transfer direction between particles and waves, and the local phase space density gradient. Here we explore whether there are other physical meanings of the phase relationship for drift‐bounce resonant particles in addition to the similar ones as drift resonant particles. In this study, we find that (1) under different field‐aligned structures, the poloidal‐mode electric fields will show different phase relationship with drift‐bounce resonant particles at the magnetic equator. It indicates that the phase relationship can be used to diagnose the parallel morphologies of ULF wave electric field. (2) If particle's phase space density variations caused by resonance effect become more dominant while compared with the nonresonant effect, the phase difference becomes much closer to inphase or antiphase. (3) When wave's parallel morphology is given, the phase relationship can be used to judge the energy transfer direction between waves and particles. These findings can provide new sights into exploring ULF waves' propagation and distribution along magnetic field lines and studying their interaction with charged particles in the magnetosphere.
Space Research and Space Weather: Some Personal Vignettes 1965 to Early 1980s
Authors: Lanzerotti Louis J.
Published: May 2019

Personal vignettes are given on early days of space research, space weather, and space advisory activities from 1965 to early 1980s.
Author Correction: Proteomic analysis of lymphoblastoid cell lines from schizophrenic patients
Authors: Yoshimi Akira , Yamada Shinnosuke , Kunimoto Shohko , Aleksic Branko , Hirakawa Akihiro , Ohashi Mitsuki , Matsumoto Yurie , Hada Kazuhiro , Itoh Norimichi , Arioka Yuko , Kimura Hiroki , Kushima Itaru , Nakamura Yukako , Shiino Tomoko , Mori Daisuke , Tanaka Satoshi , Hamada Shuko , Noda Yukihiro , Nagai Taku , Yamada Kiyofumi , Ozaki Norio
Published: May 2019

The original Article required a few updates; one co-author name, which was given as Hiroki Kiumura, has been updated to Hiroki Kimura. Furthermore, supplementary information has been updated, and grant numbers have been added. These updates have been made to both the PDF and HTML versions of this Article.
FSCN1 is an effective marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yue , Tian Tian , Li Zhi-Yong , Wang Chun-Yang , Deng Rong , Deng Wei-Ye , Yang An-kui , Chen Yan-Feng , Li Hao
Published: May 2019

To estimate the value of FSCN1 in evaluating the prognosis and guiding the targeted therapy for patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Using the Oncomine database, we found some genes especially FSCN1 differentially expressed between TSCC samples and tongue normal samples. So we compared FSCN1 expression between TSCC and normal cell lines and knocked down FSCN1 in TSCC cells to observe its influence on the viability and trans-migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Then we measured FSCN1 expression in human cancer tissues and adjacent non-carcinoma tissues (ANT) and explored the relationship between FSCN1 expression and clinical pathological factors and prognosis in TSCC patients. We found that FSCN1 is expressed higher in TSCC cells than in normal cells. Knockdown of FSCN1 reduced TSCC cell viability and trans-migration in vitro and impaired tumor growth in vivo. FSCN1 also expressed higher in human TSCC than in ANT. In addition, FSCN1 expression was related to N classification, clinical stage and relapse. TSCC patients with over-expression of FSCN1 had worse prognosis. In conclusion, over-expression of FSCN1 indicates worse prognosis for patients with TSCC and FSCN1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in TSCC.
Beta1 integrin blockade overcomes doxorubicin resistance in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Berrazouane Sofiane , Boisvert Marc , Salti Suzanne , Mourad Walid , Al-Daccak Reem , Barabé Frédéric , Aoudjit Fawzi
Published: May 2019

Growing evidence indicates that cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cancer chemoresistance. Leukemic T cells express several adhesion receptors of the β1 integrin subfamily with which they interact with ECM. However, the role of β1 integrins in chemoresistance of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is still ill defined. In this study, we demonstrate that interactions of human T-ALL cell lines and primary blasts with three-dimensional matrices including Matrigel and collagen type I gel promote their resistance to doxorubicin via β1 integrin. The blockade of β1 integrin with a specific neutralizing antibody sensitized xenografted CEM leukemic cells to doxorubicin, diminished the leukemic burden in the bone marrow and resulted in the extension of animal survival. Mechanistically, Matrigel/β1 integrin interaction enhanced T-ALL chemoresistance by promoting doxorubicin efflux through the activation of the ABCC1 drug transporter. Finally, our findings showed that Matrigel/β1 interaction enhanced doxorubicin efflux and chemoresistance by activating the FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) as both PYK2 inhibitor and siRNA diminished the effect of Matrigel. Collectively, these results support the role of β1 integrin in T-ALL chemoresistance and suggest that the β1 integrin pathway can constitute a therapeutic target to avoid chemoresistance and relapsed-disease in human T-ALL.
Transport evidence of asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in few-layer superconducting 1Td-MoTe2
Authors: Cui Jian , Li Peiling , Zhou Jiadong , He Wen-Yu , Huang Xiangwei , Yi Jian , Fan Jie , Ji Zhongqing , Jing Xiunian , Qu Fanming , Cheng Zhi Gang , Yang Changli , Lu Li , Suenaga Kazu , Liu Junwei , Law Kam Tuen , Lin Junhao , Liu Zheng , Liu Guangtong
Published: May 2019

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = W, Mo, Nb, and X = Te, Se, S) with strong spin–orbit coupling possess plenty of novel physics including superconductivity. Due to the Ising spin–orbit coupling, monolayer NbSe2 and gated MoS2 of 2H structure can realize the Ising superconductivity, which manifests itself with in-plane upper critical field far exceeding Pauli paramagnetic limit. Surprisingly, we find that a few-layer 1Td structure MoTe2 also exhibits an in-plane upper critical field which goes beyond the Pauli paramagnetic limit. Importantly, the in-plane upper critical field shows an emergent two-fold symmetry which is different from the isotropic in-plane upper critical field in 2H transition metal dichalcogenides. We show that this is a result of an asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in 1Td transition metal dichalcogenides. Our work provides transport evidence of a new type of asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides which may give rise to novel superconducting and spin transport properties.
A de novo strategy for predictive crystal engineering to tune excitonic coupling
Authors: Haldar Ritesh , Mazel Antoine , Krstić Marjan , Zhang Qiang , Jakoby Marius , Howard Ian A. , Richards Bryce S. , Jung Nicole , Jacquemin Denis , Diring Stéphane , Wenzel Wolfgang , Odobel Fabrice , Wöll Christof
Published: May 2019

In molecular solids, the intense photoluminescence (PL) observed for solvated dye molecules is often suppressed by nonradiative decay processes introduced by excitonic coupling to adjacent chromophores. We have developed a strategy to avoid this undesirable PL quenching by optimizing the chromophore packing. We integrated the photoactive compounds into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and tuned the molecular alignment by introducing adjustable “steric control units” (SCUs). We determined the optimal alignment of core-substituted naphthalenediimides (cNDIs) to yield highly emissive J-aggregates by a computational analysis. Then, we created a large library of handle-equipped MOF chromophoric linkers and computationally screened for the best SCUs. A thorough photophysical characterization confirmed the formation of J-aggregates with bright green emission, with unprecedented photoluminescent quantum yields for crystalline NDI-based materials. This data demonstrates the viability of MOF-based crystal engineering approaches that can be universally applied to tailor the photophysical properties of organic semiconductor materials.
Drug resistance emergence in macaques administered cabotegravir long-acting for pre-exposure prophylaxis during acute SHIV infection
Authors: Radzio-Basu Jessica , Council Olivia , Cong Mian-er , Ruone Susan , Newton Alicia , Wei Xierong , Mitchell James , Ellis Shanon , Petropoulos Christos J. , Huang Wei , Spreen William , Heneine Walid , García-Lerma J. Gerardo
Published: May 2019

A long-acting injectable formulation of the HIV integrase inhibitor cabotegravir (CAB-LA) is currently in clinical development for PrEP. Although the long plasma half-life of CAB-LA is an important attribute for PrEP, it also raises concerns about drug resistance emergence if someone becomes infected with HIV, or if PrEP is initiated during undiagnosed acute infection. Here we use a macaque model of SHIV infection to model risks of drug resistance to CAB-LA PrEP. Six macaques infected with SHIV received CAB-LA before seroconversion. We show integrase mutations G118R, E92G/Q, or G140R in plasma from 3/6 macaques as early as day 57, and identify G118R and E92Q in viruses from vaginal and rectal fluids. G118R and G140R confer > 800-fold resistance to CAB and cross-resistance to all licensed integrase inhibitors. Our results emphasize the need for appropriate HIV testing strategies before and possibly shortly after initiating CAB LA PrEP to exclude acute infection.
Topological analog signal processing
Authors: Zangeneh-Nejad Farzad , Fleury Romain
Published: May 2019

Analog signal processors have attracted a tremendous amount of attention recently, as they potentially offer much faster operation and lower power consumption than their digital versions. Yet, they are not preferable for large scale applications due to the considerable observational errors caused by their excessive sensitivity to environmental and structural variations. Here, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the unique relevance of topological insulators for alleviating the unreliability of analog signal processors. In particular, we achieve an important signal processing task, namely resolution of linear differential equations, in an analog system that is protected by topology against large levels of disorder and geometrical perturbations. We believe that our strategy opens up large perspectives for a new generation of robust all-optical analog signal processors, which can now not only perform ultrafast, high-throughput, and power efficient signal processing tasks, but also compete with their digital counterparts in terms of reliability and flexibility.
Author Correction: Band gap closure, incommensurability and molecular dissociation of dense chlorine
Authors: Dalladay-Simpson Philip , Binns Jack , Peña-Alvarez Miriam , Donnelly Mary-Ellen , Greenberg Eran , Prakapenka Vitali , Chen Xiao-Jia , Gregoryanz Eugene , Howie Ross T.
Published: May 2019

The original version of this Article omitted references to previous experimental reports on solid hydrogen that are relevant for a full understanding of the context of the previous work. The added references are: 47. Akahama, Y. et al. Evidence from x-ray diffraction of orientational ordering in phase III of solid hydrogen at pressures up to 183 GPa. Phys. Rev. B82, 060101 (2010). 48. Zha, C.-S., Liu, Z. & Hemley, R. J. Synchrotron infrared measurements of dense hydrogen to 360 GPa. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 146402 (2012). 49. Dias, R. & Silvera, I. Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen. Science355, 715–718 (2017). 50. Eremets, M. I. & Drozdov, A. P. Comments on the claimed observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.05125 (2017). 51. Loubeyre, P., Occelli, F. & Dumas, P. Comment on: “Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen”. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.07192 (2017). 52. Goncharov, A. F. & Struzhkin, V. V. Comment on “Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen”. Science357, eaam9736 (2017). 53. Liu, X.-D., Dalladay-Simpson, P., Howie, R. T., Li, B. & Gregoryanz, E. Comment on “Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen”. Science357, eaan2671 (2017). Citations to these reference, plus reference 21, have been added to the fourth sentence of the Introduction: ‘The experimental realisation of atomic metallic hydrogen has remained elusive despite intense research efforts lasting over 30 years4–7,21,47–53.’ This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Multilevel fine-scale diversity challenges the ‘cryptic species’ concept
Authors: Korshunova Tatiana , Picton Bernard , Furfaro Giulia , Mariottini Paolo , Pontes Miquel , Prkić Jakov , Fletcher Karin , Malmberg Klas , Lundin Kennet , Martynov Alexander
Published: May 2019

‘Cryptic’ species are an emerging biological problem that is broadly discussed in the present study. Recently, a cryptic species definition was suggested for those species which manifest low morphological, but considerable genetic, disparity. As a case study we present unique material from a charismatic group of nudibranch molluscs of the genus Trinchesia from European waters to reveal three new species and demonstrate that they show a dual nature: on one hand, they can be considered a ‘cryptic’ species complex due to their overall similarity, but on the other hand, stable morphological differences as well as molecular differences are demonstrated for every species in that complex. Thus, this species complex can equally be named ‘cryptic’, ‘pseudocryptic’ or ‘non-cryptic’. We also present evidence for an extremely rapid speciation rate in this species complex and link the species problem with epigenetics. Available metazoan-wide data, which are broadly discussed in the present study, show the unsuitability of a ‘cryptic’ species concept because the degree of crypticity represents a continuum when a finer multilevel morphological and molecular scale is applied to uncover more narrowly defined species making the ‘cryptic’ addition to ‘species’ redundant. Morphological and molecular methods should be applied in concordance to form a fine-scale multilevel taxonomic framework, and not necessarily implying only an a posteriori transformation of exclusively molecular-based ‘cryptic’ species into morphologically-defined ‘pseudocryptic’ ones. Implications of the present study have importance for many fields, including conservation biology and fine-scale biodiversity assessments.
The Rabl configuration limits topological entanglement of chromosomes in budding yeast
Authors: Pouokam Maxime , Cruz Brian , Burgess Sean , Segal Mark R. , Vazquez Mariel , Arsuaga Javier
Published: May 2019

The three dimensional organization of genomes remains mostly unknown due to their high degree of condensation. Biophysical studies predict that condensation promotes the topological entanglement of chromatin fibers and the inhibition of function. How organisms balance between functionally active genomes and a high degree of condensation remains to be determined. Here we hypothesize that the Rabl configuration, characterized by the attachment of centromeres and telomeres to the nuclear envelope, helps to reduce the topological entanglement of chromosomes. To test this hypothesis we developed a novel method to quantify chromosome entanglement complexity in 3D reconstructions obtained from Chromosome Conformation Capture (CCC) data. Applying this method to published data of the yeast genome, we show that computational models implementing the attachment of telomeres or centromeres alone are not sufficient to obtain the reduced entanglement complexity observed in 3D reconstructions. It is only when the centromeres and telomeres are attached to the nuclear envelope (i.e. the Rabl configuration) that the complexity of entanglement of the genome is comparable to that of the 3D reconstructions. We therefore suggest that the Rabl configuration is an essential player in the simplification of the entanglement of chromatin fibers.
Information diffusion backbones in temporal networks
Authors: Zhan Xiu-Xiu , Hanjalic Alan , Wang Huijuan
Published: May 2019

Progress has been made in understanding how temporal network features affect the percentage of nodes reached by an information diffusion process. In this work, we explore further: which node pairs are likely to contribute to the actual diffusion of information, i.e., appear in a diffusion trajectory? How is this likelihood related to the local temporal connection features of the node pair? Such deep understanding of the role of node pairs is crucial to tackle challenging optimization problems such as which kind of node pairs or temporal contacts should be stimulated in order to maximize the prevalence of information spreading. We start by using Susceptible-Infected (SI) model, in which an infected (information possessing) node could spread the information to a susceptible node with a given infection probability β whenever a contact happens between the two nodes, as the information diffusion process. We consider a large number of real-world temporal networks. First, we propose the construction of an information diffusion backbone GB(β) for a SI spreading process with an infection probability β on a temporal network. The backbone is a weighted network where the weight of each node pair indicates how likely the node pair appears in a diffusion trajectory starting from an arbitrary node. Second, we investigate the relation between the backbones with different infection probabilities on a temporal network. We find that the backbone topology obtained for low and high infection probabilities approach the backbone GB(β → 0) and GB(β = 1), respectively. The backbone GB(β → 0) equals the integrated weighted network, where the weight of a node pair counts the total number of contacts in between. Finally, we explore node pairs with what local connection features tend to appear in GB(β = 1), thus actually contribute to the global information diffusion. We discover that a local connection feature among many other features we proposed, could well identify the (high-weight) links in GB(β = 1). This local feature encodes the time that each contact occurs, pointing out the importance of temporal features in determining the role of node pairs in a dynamic process.
Non-invasive, Brain-controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation for Locomotion Rehabilitation in Individuals with Paraplegia
Authors: Selfslagh Aurelie , Shokur Solaiman , Campos Debora S. F. , Donati Ana R. C. , Almeida Sabrina , Yamauti Seidi Y. , Coelho Daniel B. , Bouri Mohamed , Nicolelis Miguel A. L.
Published: May 2019

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs the flow of sensory and motor signals between the brain and the areas of the body located below the lesion level. Here, we describe a neurorehabilitation setup combining several approaches that were shown to have a positive effect in patients with SCI: gait training by means of non-invasive, surface functional electrical stimulation (sFES) of the lower-limbs, proprioceptive and tactile feedback, balance control through overground walking and cue-based decoding of cortical motor commands using a brain-machine interface (BMI). The central component of this new approach was the development of a novel muscle stimulation paradigm for step generation using 16 sFES channels taking all sub-phases of physiological gait into account. We also developed a new BMI protocol to identify left and right leg motor imagery that was used to trigger an sFES-generated step movement. Our system was tested and validated with two patients with chronic paraplegia. These patients were able to walk safely with 65–70% body weight support, accumulating a total of 4,580 steps with this setup. We observed cardiovascular improvements and less dependency on walking assistance, but also partial neurological recovery in both patients, with substantial rates of motor improvement for one of them.
Shear force modulates the activity of acid-sensing ion channels at low pH or in the presence of non-proton ligands
Authors: Barth Daniel , Fronius Martin
Published: May 2019

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) belong to the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel protein family that form mechanosensitive ion channels. Evidence as to whether or not ASICs activity is directly modulated by mechanical force is lacking. Human ASICs (hASIC1V3, hASIC2a and hASIC3a) were heterologously expressed as homomeric channels in Xenopus oocytes and two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings were performed. hASIC3a was expressed in HEK-293 cells and currents measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. ASIC currents in response to shear force (SF) were measured at pH 7.4, acidic pH, or in the presence of non-proton ligands at pH 7.4. SF was applied via a fluid stream generated through a pressurized perfusion system. No effect was observed at pH 7.4. Increased transient currents for each homomeric channel were observed when elevated SF was applied in conjunction with acidic pH (6.0–4.0). The sustained current was not (hASIC2a) or only slightly increased (hASIC1V3 and hASIC3a). SF-induced effects were not seen in water injected oocytes and were blocked by amiloride. Non-proton ligands activated a persistent current in hASIC1V3 and cASIC1 (MitTx) and hASIC3a (GMQ) at pH 7.4. Here SF caused a further current increase. Results suggest that ASICs do have an intrinsic ability to respond to mechanical force, supporting their role as mechanosensors in certain local environments.
Improved contrast of affibody-mediated imaging of HER3 expression in mouse xenograft model through co-injection of a trivalent affibody for in vivo blocking of hepatic uptake
Authors: Rosestedt Maria , Andersson Ken G. , Rinne Sara S. , Leitao Charles Dahlsson , Mitran Bogdan , Vorobyeva Anzhelika , Ståhl Stefan , Löfblom John , Tolmachev Vladimir , Orlova Anna
Published: May 2019

Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 3 (HER3) plays a crucial role in the progression of many cancer types. In vivo radionuclide imaging could be a reliable method for repetitive detection of HER3-expression in tumors. The main challenge of HER3-imaging is the low expression in tumors together with endogenous receptor expression in normal tissues, particularly the liver. A HER3-targeting affibody molecule labeled with radiocobalt via a NOTA chelator [57Co]Co-NOTA-Z08699 has demonstrated the most favorable biodistribution profile with the lowest unspecific hepatic uptake and high activity uptake in tumors. We hypothesized that specific uptake of labeled affibody monomer might be selectively blocked in the liver but not in tumors by a co-injection of non-labeled corresponding trivalent affibody (Z08699)3. Biodistribution of [57Co]Co-NOTA-Z08699 and [111In]In-DOTA-(Z08699)3 was studied in BxPC-3 xenografted mice. [57Co]Co-NOTA-Z08699 was co-injected with unlabeled trivalent affibody DOTA-(Z08699)3 at different monomer:trimer molar ratios. HER3-expression in xenografts was imaged using [57Co]Co-NOTA-Z08699 and [57Co]Co-NOTA-Z08699: DOTA-(Z08699)3. Hepatic activity uptake of [57Co]Co-NOTA-Z08699: DOTA-(Z08699)3 decreased with increasing monomer:trimer molar ratio. The tumor activity uptake and tumor-to-liver ratios were the highest for the 1:3 ratio. SPECT/CT images confirmed the biodistribution data. Imaging of HER3 expression can be improved by co-injection of a radiolabeled monomeric affibody-based imaging probe together with a trivalent affibody.
A novel data fusion method for the effective analysis of multiple panels of flow cytometry data
Authors: Tinnevelt Gerjen H. , van Staveren Selma , Wouters Kristiaan , Wijnands Erwin , Verboven Kenneth , Folcarelli Rita , Koenderman Leo , Buydens Lutgarde M. C. , Jansen Jeroen J.
Published: May 2019

Multicolour flow cytometry (MFC) is used to measure multiple cellular markers at the single-cell level. Cellular markers may be coloured with different panels of fluorescently-labelled antibodies to enable cell identification or the detection of activated cells in pre-defined, ‘gated’ specific cell subsets. The number of markers that can be used per measurement is technologically limited however, requiring every panel to be analysed in a separate aliquot measurement. The combined analyses of these dedicated panels may enhance the predictive ability of these measurements and could enrich the interpretation of the immunological information. Here we introduce a fusion method for MFC data, based on DAMACY (Discriminant Analysis of Multi-Aspect Cytometry data), which can combine information from complementary panels. This approach leads to both enhanced predictions and clearer interpretations in comparison with the analysis of separate measurements. We illustrate this method using two datasets: the response of neutrophils evoked by a systemic endotoxin challenge and the activated immune status of the innate cells, T cells and B cells in obese versus lean individuals. The data fusion approach was able to detect cells that do not individually show a difference between clinical phenotypes but do play a role in combination with other cells.