bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic fog of war: When lack of transparency violates the law of armed conflict
Authors: Kwik Jonathan , Van Engers Tom
Published: March 2021

Under international law, weapon capabilities and their use are regulated by legal requirements set by International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Currently, there are strong military incentives to equip capabilities with increasingly advanced artificial intelligence (AI), which include opaque (less transparent) models. As opaque models sacrifice transparency for performance, it is necessary to examine whether their use remains in conformity with IHL obligations. First, we demonstrate that the incentives for automation drive AI toward complex task areas and dynamic and unstructured environments, which in turn necessitates resort to more opaque solutions. We subsequently discuss the ramifications of opaque models for foreseeability and explainability. Then, we analyse their impact on IHL requirements from a development, pre-deployment and post-deployment perspective. We find that while IHL does not regulate opaque AI directly, the lack of foreseeability and explainability frustrates the fulfilment of key IHL requirements to the extent that the use of fully opaque AI could violate international law. States are urged to implement interpretability during development and seriously consider the challenging complication of determining the appropriate balance between transparency and performance in their capabilities.
LRRK2 Kinase Activity Does Not Alter Cell-Autonomous Tau Pathology Development in Primary Neurons
Authors: Henderson Michael X. , Changolkar Lakshmi , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M.Y.
Published: March 2021

Background: Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) and are also associated with genetic risk in idiopathic PD. Mutations in LRRK2, including the most common p.G2019S lead to elevated kinase activity, making LRRK2 kinase inhibitors prime targets for therapeutic development. However, the role of LRRK2 kinase activity in PD pathogenesis has remained unclear. While essentially all LRRK2-PD patients exhibit dopaminergic neuron loss, many of these patients do not have α-synuclein Lewy bodies in their brains. So, what is the neuropathological substrate of LRRK2-PD? Tau has emerged as a possible candidate due to the presence of tau pathology in the majority of LRRK2 mutation carriers and reports of hyperphosphorylated tau in LRRK2 animal models. Objective: In the current study, we aim to address whether a mutation in LRRK2 changes the cell-autonomous seeding of tau pathology in primary neurons. We also aim to assess whether LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are able to modulate tau pathology. Methods/Results: Treatment of primary neurons with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors leads to prolonged kinase inhibition but does not alter tau pathology induction. The lack of an effect of LRRK2 kinase activity was further confirmed in primary neurons expressing LRRK2G2019S and with two different forms of pathogenic tau. In no case was there more than a minor change in tau pathology induction. Conclusion: Together, our results indicate that LRRK2 kinase activity is not playing a major role in the induction of tau pathology in individual neurons. Understanding the impact of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors on pathology generation is important as kinase inhibitors move forward in clinical trials.
Using Interviews and Psychological Tests in Studies of Independent Actors and Suicide Bombers
Authors: Merari Ariel
Published: March 2021

This chapter describes two studies in which Palestinian assailants underwent interviews and psychological tests intended to learn about factors that influenced their decision to carry out a terrorist attack and their behaviour before, during, and after the attack. The first study examined would-be suicide bombers, a control group of non-suicide terrorists and organizers of suicide attacks, and the second study examined lone-actor assailants. Differences in personality characteristics, psychopathology and motivations for carrying out terrorist attacks were found between the various types of assailants in the two studies. Conclusions pertinent to the issue of terrorists’ risk assessment are discussed.
The Use of Terrorism Risk Assessment Tools in Australia to Manage Residual Risk
Authors: Ripperger Bernhard
Published: March 2021

There is growing concern in Australia about the residual risk of acts of terrorism or violent extremism posed by offenders after their release to the community from jail. A number of legislative measures have been passed that attempt to address this particular risk. Terrorism risk assessment tools are central to the effective operation of these new laws. Although existing tools demonstrate potential in assisting decision makers in identifying and managing persons that pose a risk of extremist violence there remain several challenges. These tools provide a useful guide to information gathering and analysis, however the assessment process is time consuming and resource intensive. Further, existing tools are currently given limited weight by the courts which impairs the effectiveness of legal measures designed to address residual risk.
A Diagnostic and Statistical Model-5 Experimental Personality Disorder-Based Terrorism Risk/Threat Assessment Instrument
Authors: Corrado Raymond , Doering Sara
Published: March 2021

This chapter aims to provide a review of the literature on the role of personality traits and disorders among terrorist offenders, as well as extant terrorism risk and threat assessment (TR/TA) instruments. We assert that there is an overwhelming need for an instrument that is largely based on DSM-5 personality disorder dimensions and related traits. Specifically, an assessment tool is proposed based largely on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), in combination with domains borrowed from the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP), as well as accounting for ideology and prior criminality. Using open sources, we discuss the prevalence of the included traits in both Omar Mateen and Dylann Roof and argue that their unstable personalities could have led investigators to downplay the risk they posed given that they break the mold of the terrorist as having a stable personality who methodically seeks to avoid detection.
Green Deal als »Ende der freien Gesellschaft«?
Authors: Neupert-Doppler Alexander
Published: March 2021

Gegen das Projekt eines (Europäischen) Green Deal beschwört die populistische Rechte die Dystopie einer drohenden Öko-Diktatur. Welche Rolle spielt diese dystopische Denkfigur im politischen Diskurs? Für wen ist dieses Zukunftsbild glaubwürdig? Wie lässt sich die darin ausgedrückte Zukunftsangst kritisieren? Der Beitrag behandelt diese Fragen aus ideologiekritischer, utopietheoretischer und diskursanalytischer Perspektive.
europäische Landung auf dem Mond?
Authors: Haas Tobias , Jürgens Isabel
Published: March 2021

Die Europäische Union steckt in einer Krise. Erstens befindet sich der Prozess der Europäischen Integration selbst in einer tiefen Krise (Stichwort: Brexit). Zweitens gibt es erhebliche Ungleichheiten innerhalb der EU. Drittens spitzen sich ökologische Problemlagen wie der Klimawandel erheblich zu und werden zunehmend politisiert. Der European Green Deal (EGD) ist die Antwort der EU auf diese Krisen. Allerdings handelt es sich dabei lediglich um einen Versuch, die ökologische Modernisierung zu forcieren. Dies gelingt jedoch auch in der Corona-Pandemie bestenfalls punktuell. Um die Krisen zu überwinden, greifen die Ansätze des EGD viel zu kurz.
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK JELANTAH MENJADI SABUN CUCI PADA BANK SAMPAH DI KELURAHAN BAMBU APUS PAMULANG
Authors: Septiowati Rini , Oktavianna Rakhmawati , Saputri Sevty Wahiddirani , Sari Silvia , Benarda Benarda
Published: March 2021

Community Service entitled the use of used cooking oil into washing soap at a garbage bank in the Village of Bambu Apus aims to empower and increase the value of used cooking oil that is not used and is usually disposed of into trash, but with this training with simple capital can be processed into washing soap which can be used alone or sold and earn income and improve the living standards of garbage bank members. The target of this service is all members of the garbage bank registered in the Village of Bambu Apus Pamulang, which consists mostly of housewives. The results of this PKM are proven by the women members of the garbage bank Bambu Apus Village that can apply the use of used cooking oil into washing soap properly and can be marketed to consumers by attending exhibitions or marketed around the neighborhood and online.
Estratégias Para O Ensino De Química Em Nível Médio Profissional E Tecnológico Presentes Em Artigos Científicos
Authors: Correa Marcia Lopes , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Fernandes Erlyson Farias
Published: March 2021

O ensino de Química não é uma tarefa tão fácil para docentes formados em tempos contemporâneos. O processo de atualização do seu currículo deve ser uma constante na profissão. O docente precisa planejar suas aulas com uma linguagem que possa facilitar para o aluno a compreensão dos conteúdos explanados. Uma das maneiras de se trabalhar química poderia ser com o estudante participando de forma ativa no processo. Os agroquímicos são temas exequíveis de serem mediados desta forma e podem potencialmente aumentar o interesse dos discentes pela disciplina. Este artigo pretende Identificar as estratégias para o ensino de química em nível médio profissional e tecnológico presentes em artigos científicos com a temática “agrotóxicos”. A metodologia escolhida para este estudo foi de abordagem qualitativa centrada em preocupar-se com a realidade. A observação deste breve levantamento permite concluir que o ensino de química em turmas de segundo grau pode e deve estar relacionado a área da pesquisa e da divulgação científica; existem diversas ferramentas didáticas que possibilitam maneiras mais assertivas relacionadas ao ensino de química; e relacionar o conteúdo de química a assuntos interdisciplinares e específicos, como agrotóxicos, pode auxiliar a melhor compreensão dos conteúdos de química em estudantes do ensino médio.
Emilia Pardo Bazán. O despertar dunha escritora: unidade didáctica
Authors:   Casa-Museo Emilia Pardo Bazán, Angulo Miró Patricia
Published: March 2021

Sinalarium é un proxecto financiado pola Deputación da Coruña no que traballa a Casa-Museo Emilia Pardo Bazán para desenvolver actividades e recursos que potencien a difusión da vida e a obra da escritora coruñesa. A través do programa Sinalarium propoñémonos visibilizar a súa figura, achegala aos máis novos e poñer en valor as mulleres como pezas fundamentais na configuración da sociedade galega, de xeito que se recoñeza o seu papel social, artístico e cultural. A programación que aquí vos presentamos, destinada a 1, 2 e 3 de primaria, xira arredor da biografía da escritora coruñesa: unha escritora cuxa maneira de vivir e de pensar está máis preto do noso século que do século XIX en que ela naceu. Coa finalidade de divulgar a súa vida, descubrila e coñecela, dirixímonos a vós, ao profesorado e ao alumnado de educación primaria, para ofrecervos un chisco de Emilia que vos axude a traballar a figura da escritora nas aulas. Estas actividades, pensadas para realizar no interior da escola, poden ser o paso previo á visita da Casa-Museo Emilia Pardo Bazán. Achegan unha visión íntima da escritora, porque sen coñecer a vida é difícil coñecer a súa obra.
GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, BUDAYA, DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN KINERJA GURU SMP SWASTA ISLAM
Authors: Vinnafatun Vinnafatun , Fathorrahman Fathorrahman , Bukhori Mohammad
Published: March 2021

This research is to describe the effect of headmaster’s leadership style on teacher’s satisfaction and on teacher’s performance, the effect of school culture on teacher’s satisfaction and on teacher’s performance, the effect of teacher competence on teacher’s satisfaction and on teacher’s performance, the effect of teacher’s satisfaction on teacher’s performance. And also the indirect effect is the effect of headmaster’s leadership style on teacher’s performance through teacher’s satisfaction, the effect of school culture on teacher’s performance through teacher’s satisfaction, and the effect of teacher performance on teacher’s performance through teacher’s satisfaction. The samples are teachers from eleven Private Islamic Junior High School in Malang City. Analysis method is descriptive analysis and Statistic analysis is Partial Least Square technique analysis which using smartPLS 3.0 programme.The result of this research is headmaster’s leadership style influence on teacher’s satisfaction, headmaster’s leadership style do not influence on teacher’s performance, school culture do not influence on teacher’s satisfaction, school culture influence on teacher’s performance, teacher competence influence on teacher’s satisfaction, teacher competence influence on teacher’s performance, teacher’s satisfaction do not influence on teacher’s performance. Teacher’s satisfaction is not be mediate the effect between headmaster’s leadership style, school culture, and teacher competence on teacher’s performance.
PERAN LIKUIDITAS DALAM ASSET PRICING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Dwiputri Catherine , Nugroho Vina Christina
Published: March 2021

Purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the role of liquidity in asset pricing in the Indonesian stock market. This study compares the role of liquidity as a characteristic of stocks and liquidity as a source of systematic risk. This study uses a total of 280 sample companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2006 - 2016. In measuring liquidity, this study uses the proportion of zero returns and because liquidity predicts future returns and also moves according to the past. For this reason it is necessary to have innovations to avoid stationarity issues because of the high persistence in liquidity so we use ARMA structure in the portfolio as data analysis method. Data processing was performed using the Fama-Macbeth (1973) model. The results of this study prove that market liquidity has a negative influence on stock returns on the Indonesian market. Thus, the role of liquidity as a systematic risk has an effect on asset pricing on the Indonesian stock market.
APPLICABILITY OF SCOR-BASED DEA PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN SMALL MED-SIZE ENTERPRISES
Authors: Bire Rio Benedicto
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to test the applicability of a SCOR-based DEA benchmarking approach for SMEs in Indonesia, due to the increasing call for suitable supply chain performance measurement in the context of SMEs. An input-oriented DEA assuming both CRS and VRS was employed by deriving a set of metrics from the SCOR attributes. A sample of 16 SME convenience stores was selected for the illustration. Results show that the SCOR-based DEA provided a simple groundwork for supporting SME managerial decision making in terms of administering concise feedbacks and identifying directions to venture on. Moreover, analysis results alluded to a distinct, more comprehensive assessment of performances as opposed to that of traditional measurements that is prominent among SMEs. The distinct, comprehensive insights from the analysis may engage SMEs into taking up the more innovative performance measurement approach. Moreover, better awareness of supply chain metrics is foreseen. The SCOR-based DEA provided a unique approach to meet the conformance of Indonesian SMEs in regard to supply chain performance measurement.
INTEGRASI MENUJU INDUSTRI KREATIF YANG KUAT DAN DINAMIS
Authors: Anjaningrum Widiya Dewi
Published: March 2021

The purposes of this study are to determine the direct and indirect effects of market and entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage through dynamic capabilities and to prove the role of dynamic capabilities as an intervening variable. This research is a field research study on creative industries in Malang, Indonesia. A sample of 100 respondents was selected by accidental sampling technique. Data was obtained through questionnaire survey and processed with Partial Least Square analysis. The results showed that market and entrepreneurial orientation had a positive and significant direct effect on competitive advantage, it also had a indirectly effect through dynamic capabilities, and dynamic capabilities consisting is not able enough to mediate market and entrepreneurial orientation on the competitive advantage. An integration of market and entrepreneurial orientation to create high dynamic capabilities and strong competitive advantage is a must for creative industries. To become a strong industry that has high dynamic capabilities to compete, the creative industries should increase information acquisition so that products are more in line with customer expectations.
GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK USIA SEMBILAN TAHUN AKIBAT KELUMPUHAN PADA VELUM MULUT: PERSPEKTIF FONOLOGI
Authors: Putri Septara Utrujjah
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui gangguan berbahasa dari perspektif fonologi dalam hal pelafalan fonem, mana yang memiliki gangguan dan mana yang normal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini berupa bunyi-bunyi fonem yang sulit dan tidak sulit diujarkan oleh penderita kelumpuhan langit-langit mulut atau sumbing langit-langit. Sumber data (informan) dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang anak penderita sumbing langit-langit berusia sembilan tahun. Penyediaan data menggunakan metode simak dan wawancara, teknik simak meliputi catat serta rekam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa di beberapa fonem informan mengalami kesulitan dalam melafalkan bunyinya dan cenderung terdengar sengau, namun ada beberapa pula fonem yang terdengar jelas seperti orang normal.

Kata Kunci: Gangguan berbahasa, Perspektif fonologi, Sembilan tahun.

 

Abstract

This study aims to determine language disorder from a phonological persepectve in terms if phoneme pronunciationm which ones have interference and which ones are normal. This study uses a qualitative research approach. The object of this research is phoneme  sounds that are difficult and not difficult to pronounce by people with palate paralysis or cleft palate. The data source (informant) in this study was a child with cleft palate aged nine years. provision of data using observation and interview methods, listening techniques include note-taking and recording. Based on the result of the study, some phonemes, the informants had difficulty pronouncing the sounds and tended to sound nasal, but there were also some phonemes that sounded clear like normal people.

Keywords: Language disorders, Phonological perspective, nine years
The influence of the organizational and environmental factors on the Amazon family farming enterprises in Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Alexandre Jorge Gaia , Kato Osvaldo Ryohei , Melo Pedro Antônio de , Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel
Published: March 2021

This study analyzed whether organizational and environmental factors influence the management of productive units of Amazonian family farmers. The method used consisted of an in-depth study of 32 communities in the northeast of Pará, using questionnaires, whose data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, and structured interviews, whose data were analyzed with French help technique of content analysis. The results showed the variables that most influence the management of the productive units are financial, among the organizational factors, and the economic and environmental, among the environmental factors. The conclusion showed that the surveyed family farmers' pre-capitalist mentality is the main impediment to achieving their business success.
A resistência bacteriana frente a antibióticos utilizados no tratamento da gonorreia: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Araújo Dakson Douglas , Silva Emanuele Cristina da , Pereira Higinalice da Silva , Nascimento Maria Valdirene Sampaio do , Santos Maristella Pereira dos
Published: March 2021

A gonorreia é uma doença sexualmente transmissível que está entre os problemas de saúde pública mais comum em todo o mundo. Essa doença tem como agente etiológico a bactéria gram-negativa Neisseria gonorrhoeae que é um microrganismo restrito aos seres humanos. Por se apresentar como uma infecção frequente, N. gonorrhoeae evidencia, uma extraordinária capacidade de desenvolver resistência a múltiplas classes de antibióticos, tornando-se de extrema importância, além de preocupar as autoridades de saúde pública. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um levantamento acerca dos principais antibióticos associados à resistência atribuída a N. gonorrhoeae, de acordo com publicações científicas apresentadas nos anos de 2017 e 2018, em diferentes bases de dados (Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico). Por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando termos de acordo com os Descritores em Saúde – DeCS localizou-se em base de dados nacionais e internacionais, artigos que possuíssem íntima relação com o tema proposto. Os mesmos foram selecionados para a análise e descrição dos dados, permitindo assim uma compreensão do problema apresentado. Concluiu-se que a resistência aos antibióticos, por linhagens de N. gonorrhoeae, se alastra no mundo. É possível perceber que antibióticos ceftriaxona, cefixima, cefotaxima, penicilinas, tetraciclinas e derivados dos macrolídeos já não são mais eficazes no tratamento de infecções provocadas por este microrganismo. Os achados alertam para esse grave problema de saúde pública.
Neuropatologia da ataxia espinocerebelar tipo 3 (SCA3) – a doença de Machado-Joseph
Authors: Vaz Rodolfo Lopes , Ribeiro Gabriela Ramos , Nery Lara Gomes , Costa Ana Cláudia Maia Mendonça da , Oliveira Gustavo Silva , Arruda Jalsi Tacon
Published: March 2021

A ataxia espinocerebelar tipo 3, também conhecida como doença de Machado-Joseph, é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo autossômico dominante, provocado por uma expansão da repetição CAG que codifica a glutamina no gene ATXN3. Afeta tanto homens como mulheres, com sintomas em geral tardios, surgindo por volta da segunda década de vida e piorando com o avançar da idade. Apesar de rara, é a forma mais comum de ataxia espinocerebelar e não há evidências de terapias capazes de promover a cura. Assim, o presente estudo reuniu informações para atualizar os conhecimentos sobre essa doença. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, SciELO e BVS. A ataxia cerebelar progressiva é comum nesses pacientes. No espectro clínico inclui anormalidades oculomotoras, distúrbios do sono, síndrome piramidal, sinais extrapiramidais e neuropatia periférica. Esses sintomas neurológicos são expressos por efeito da perda neuronal em regiões específicas do cerebelo, gânglios da base, tronco encefálico e medula espinhal. Pode ocorrer ansiedade, depressão e alto nível de fadiga. Ainda não há um tratamento eficaz que seja capaz de modificar o curso natural dessa doença. Os estudos mais recentes têm como alvo terapêutico o silenciamento gênico e a interceptação dos efeitos tóxicos provocados pelas proteínas produzidas. Terapias sintomáticas e fisioterapia tem sido realizada para melhora da qualidade de vida. Conhecer as características clínicas da doença de Machado-Joseph, que é uma condição grave, incurável, altamente debilitante e capaz de gerar uma alta carga de sofrimento nos seus portadores é importante na atuação do neurologista.
Associação de retalho reposicionado coronário, proteína derivada da matriz do esmalte e enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial como tratamento de recessões gengivais múltiplas: Relato de caso
Authors: Fernandes Tuane Consalter de Mello , Sega Karine Rodrigues , Costa Priscila Paganini , Ito Fernanda Akemi Nakanishi , Maia Luciana Prado , Pedriali Maria Beatriz Bergonse Pereira
Published: March 2021

A cirurgia plástica periodontal é uma terapia reconstrutiva definida como procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados para corrigir ou eliminar deformidades anatômicas, de desenvolvimento ou traumáticas da gengiva ou mucosa alveolar e está indicada para o tratamento de recessões gengivais isoladas ou múltiplas. A recessão gengival é caracterizada como um defeito mucogengival que ocorre pela migração apical da gengiva e mucosa alveolar tendo como consequência a exposição da porção radicular do elemento dentário. As principais queixas dessa condição são hipersensibilidade dentinária e insatisfação estética. O retalho reposicionado coronário associado ao uso do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial é considerado o padrão ouro dentre as técnicas de recobrimento radicular por sua previsibilidade e estabilidade. A literatura mostra que o uso da proteína derivada da matriz do esmalte pode potencializar a regeneração periodontal, levando a resultados favoráveis. O presente relato de caso é relacionado a paciente de 43 anos, gênero feminino, com queixa de hipersensibilidade dentinária e recessões gengivais múltiplas do tipo 1 (RT1) e tipo 2 (RT2) nos incisivos centrais e laterais superiores. Após as adequações iniciais do meio bucal, o tratamento eleito foi o recobrimento radicular pela técnica do retalho reposicionado coronário associado ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial e a utilização da proteína derivada da matriz do esmalte nos dentes anteriores superiores. O acompanhamento do caso em um ano revelou sucesso no recobrimento radicular pela técnica e uso do biomaterial selecionados, sendo efetivos para o tratamento de recessões múltiplas tipo 1 (RT1) e tipo 2 (RT2).
Assessment of Producing Abilities of Farmland in a Limited Water Supply Environment of Uzbekistan
Authors: Babajanov A. , Inamov B. , Abdivaitov Kh.
Published: March 2021

This article is investigated the calculation of the natural soil productivity of agricultural land plots in the current conditions of limited water supply in the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is considered one of the developing countries of Central Asia, i. e., it studies both theoretical and methodological aspects of determining the soil assessment and issues of economic land assessment based on it. That is why the rational and efficient use of irrigation water in today’s restricted distribution is one of the most important issues for any economy, and it is important to consider the evaluation of soils and economic evaluation of irrigated land, a land assessment, the positive solution of a number of economic issues.
Harmonization of Secondary School Inclusive Environment Based on the Concept of “Biophilic Design”
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Katrichenko Ksenia , Vasina Helen ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Kryvuts Svitlana ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts
Published: March 2021

The analysis of scientific sources identifies one of the main concepts of modernity in secondary school design. This concept changes the model of teaching students with special health conditions. Professor Stephen R. Kellert from Yale university offered a study which revealed the content of the basic means of nature cognition in the constructed environment. They are as follows: 1) direct experience of natural phenomena (natural light, fresh air, water and plants); 2) indirect experience of natural elements (the use of natural materials, natural shaping elements and images of nature); 3) experience of space and place (perspective of the chosen place, organized complexity of the area, clear and visible transitional spaces). The influence of expressive artistic and technologically innovative methods on educational space modeling is determined to rise while designing a modern school. These methods are based on the principle of flowing the internal space into the external space. The importance of landscape areas designing in the school outdoor space located around the perimeter of the school, allows to feel the benefits of individual and group learning outdoors, giving a sense of protection to students with autism spectrum. Thus, the study revealed that, with the introduction of biophilic design concept, the formation of educational space allows to obtain the following results: 1) increase of attendance; 2) higher results in educational material assimilation; 3) higher level of assessment; 4) improvement of norms of behavior; 5) reducing of stress level; 6) raising of environmental education level through the actualization of the visual, tactile, behavioral and social aspects; 7) improving of creative activity of students; 8) active development of subjective attitude to nature and its components through the introduction of the model of ecologically oriented learning process.
The Formation of the Post-Impressionist Trend in the Creative Practice of Oleh Harahonych
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Pavelchuk Ivanna
Published: March 2021

The article examines the artistic experience during the period of 1980–2000. Oleh Harahonych’s individual painting style was formed at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s under the influence of a large-scale talent of the famous Ukrainian painter Yosyp Bokshay (1891–1975). O. Harahonych visited Bokshay’s Uzhhorod workshop several years in a row. Having escaped the system-defined academic education, the post-impressionist-to-be was experimenting with the new formal means of reproduction. Being primarily a landscapist, the painter began to develop new dynamic angles of the composition, involving the fragments of a high-altitude highway in presentation of his works, which ensured that his landscapes obtained a sense of modernity. Winding Carpathian roads suggested to the artist a zigzag structure of the composition, which was based on the principles of polar dynamics. In O. Harahonych’s landscapes of the mid‑1980s, the contrast of warm and cold color gradations and intensity of colors enhanced. The dominance of pure colors harmoniously combined with simple shapes that focused on an acute triangle. The renewed lyrical sense of the landscape was reproduced by the simplest artistic means which included decorative ornaments, logic of compositional accents, and clarity of silhouettes. It was realized in a series of plein‑air images of the 2000s. In search of new visual means, Oleh Harahonych’s imagination was ahead of the visual technologies of easel painting of that time. Developed in the 1980s, the author’s style visually resembles the digital presentations in Photoshop. The author’s synthesis of color and form reveals an integral connection between post-impressionism and design, which Roger Fry called “Vision and design” in his book a century ago.
Ladislav Trakal’s Art and Crafts Workshop of Decorative Painting in Kharkiv (1899–1921)
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Sokolyuk Lyudmyla
Published: March 2021

The article attempts to outline the activities of Kharkiv art and crafts workshop of decorative painting, headed by a Czech creator Ladislav Trakal in 1899. The introduction of some new archival documents into scientific circulation showed that there was a close connection between the pedagogical system of Rayevska‑Ivanova’s school, founded in 1869, and Trakal’s decorative‑handicraft workshop. The 4‑year industrial art school in Prague, which Trakal graduated from in 1896, did not have the status of a higher art institution at that period of time. When Trakal arrived in Kharkiv and headed the decorative‑handicraft workshop, which was housed in an edifice that Colonel Borodaevsky devised to Kharkiv Society for the Dissemination of Literacy, Trakal got on a well‑worked ground, which was prepared by Rayevska‑Ivanova. In 1869 this outstanding person, the first woman‑artist with a European level education and a diploma from St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in Russian Empire, founded an industrial art school in Kharkiv. Later, in 1896 she was forced to leave teaching at her school due to a complete loss of vision. However, the need for specialists of this profile did not disappear. Kharkiv was experiencing a real construction boom, and decorators, one of whom Trakal was, were in great demand. Although Trakal’s workshop did not become as multidisciplinary as Raevska‑Ivanova’s school, it used a lot of the pedagogical system developed by the founder of industrial art education in Kharkiv, to its advantage. Trakal’s workshop gave its students an initial industrial art education, prepared them for the activity in decorative painting. Unlike Rayevska-Ivanova who taught free of charge in her private school for more than 27 years, trying to lay solid foundation of industrial art education in Kharkiv, Trakal turned out to be a rather enterprising person. He successfully completed highly paid orders for the decoration of buildings in Kharkiv and also opened his own private studio. Having a good command of Russian, Trakal easily entered Kharkiv’s artistic life. He actively participated in exhibitions, where he showed his paintings, made in the Art Nouveau Style with an enhanced symbolist sound. However, the question remains about how bright and original this artist was in comparison with artists from other Ukrainian cities (M. Zhuk, Yu. Mykhailiv, M. Sapozhnikov). Similarly, the contribution of other art institutions to the development of some of Trakal’s students who eventually became famous masters, also requires further studying.
Agafonov’s Early Kharkiv Creative Period: Dialogue with the Theatre
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Chechyk Valentyna
Published: March 2021

This article is dedicated to the study of the nature of E. Agafonov’s creative ties with the theater – a topic that has been insufficiently covered in the native art history. The author’s field of view is set in the artist’s early Kharkiv period, marked as the years of 1905–1913. The article focuses on the exceptional role of E. Agafonov in the organization and the artistic practice of the first modernist theater “Blakytne Oko” in Kharkiv (1909–1911). Agafonov belonged to the constellation of masters who was very sensitive to the problem of evolving the artistic speech. He viewed the theater as a convincing platform for promoting and approving of the latest artistic values, discovered by Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Experiments in easel art (with color, plastic, line, techniques, materials, etc.), largely inspired by the work of D. Burliuk (1906–1908), were directly reflected in Agafonov’s stage practice, namely in numerous designs of the modernist productions based on plays by M. Maeterlinkc, A. Schnitzler, S. Pshybyshevsky and O. Blok. In turn, it was established that theatrical motives were reflected in E. Agafonov’s easel art, as well as in the art of the students of his artistic studio – O. Rybnikov, I. Terentyev, M. Sinyakova, and K. Storozhnichenko. In this regard, a special attention is given to the linocuts by F. Nadezhdin. It was found that the program of “total” design of theatrical space (stage and auditorium), as well as the implementation of production ideas in the cabaret theater “Blakytne Oko” were the result of the master’s fascination with the concepts of artistic synthesis, actualized in the era of Modern. Agafonov moved from dramatization of paintings (of A. Beklin, F. Malyavin, and O. Rodin) to staging experimental show-programs like “The Evening of Autumn”, “Visiting Pierrot” and “In the Middle of Nowhere”, partial reconstruction of which was undertaken for the first time by the author of the article. Agafonov was close to the idea of artistic synthesis, identified by him in F. Malyavin’s paintings, in V. Komissarzhevska’s theatre and A. Duncan’s choreography. The study of E. Agafanov’s theatrical art expands the understanding of the history of formation and development of Ukrainian scenography at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Dirty Laundry: Caring for Clothing in Early Modern Italy
Authors: Robinson Michele Nicole
Published: March 2021

Personal linens were key components of early modern health regimens. When they were visibly clean and bright white, linen shirtsleeves, collars and cuffs communicated the cleanliness of the wearer's body, as well as the state of their mind, morals and spirit. These functional garments and accessories could also be fashionable, especially when decorated with ruffles, lace and embroidery. Linens thus communicated hygienic, social, moral and financial information, which was generated by and reliant upon processes of laundry. This article explores some of these processes, especially as they pertain to linen shirts, cuffs and ruffs owned by non-elite people living in northern Italian cities. It brings archival, visual and material sources together with evidence generated through the re-creation of early modern processes of caring for clothing to show how ‘doing the laundry’ imparted linens with social and financial meanings and values.
Seventeenth-Century Baby Clothes? The Problems of Identification
Authors: Toomer Heather
Published: March 2021

This article follows a study of a collection of baby clothes assumed to be of late seventeenth-century date to ascertain whether or not that assumption might be correct. The collection is unusual in containing caps, rare in themselves but also decorated with lace frills in the adult frelange style; a rare pair of sleeves with paned oversleeves; and christening and other items for wear by a swaddled infant which are more common in known collections but here, more unusually, trimmed with Flemish bobbin lace. The article discusses the items in terms of their relationships with each other, their construction, their fabrics and how they were worn. Comparisons with similar and related articles in other collections and in seventeenth-century portraits of adults and children enable the author to conclude that the articles probably do date from the late seventeenth century but from slightly different decades.
Processing of German noun plurals: Evidence for first- and second-order schemata
Authors: Köpcke Klaus-Michael , Schimke Sarah , Wecker Verena
Published: March 2021

This article addresses the question of how morphologically complex words are represented in the mental grammar of monolingual adult speakers of German. We contend that in perception, speakers assign a plural or singular meaning according to the degree of reliability to which a given shape is associated with the function singular or plural. In this article, we present the results of two lexical decision experiments with nonce words. In experiment 1, the nonce words presented are preceded by the article form die, and, in experiment 2, the same nonce words are presented as bare nouns. It turns out that the results for experiment 1 and 2 differ. Nevertheless, we argue that the results for both experiments can straightforwardly be explained by a schema account. More precisely, we distinguish between first- and second-order schemata. First-order schemata rely on the pure word form onto which a specific function is mapped. But, recent developments of the schema approach argue that in the speaker's representation of word forms not only single schemata are stored and mapped onto specific functions, but rather schema-pairs, e.g. a singular and its most likely plural partner, referred to as ‘second-order schema’. The results of our experiments support the assumption of first- and second-order schemata and their interaction.
Inhibiting Monoacylglycerol Lipase Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Alleviates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhou Chuankun , Qi Dahu , Gao Yutong , Zhu Meipeng , Tao Tenghui , Sun Xuying , Xiao Jun
Published: March 2021

Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced trabecular bone and increased bone fragility. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a lipolytic enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of monoglycerides and specifically degrades the 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). Previous studies have identified that 2-AG is the mainly source for arachidonic acid and the most abundant endogenous agonist of cannabinoid receptors. Considering the close relationship between inflammatory mediators/cannabinoid receptors and bone metabolism, we speculated that MAGL may play a role in the osteoclast differentiation. In the present study, we found that MAGL protein expression increased during osteoclast differentiation. MAGL knockdown by adenovirus-mediated shRNA in bone marrow-derived macrophages demonstrated the suppressive effects of MAGL on osteoclast formation and bone resorption. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of MAGL by JZL184 suppressed osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and osteoclast-specific gene expression. Activation of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways was inhibited by JZL184 and deletion of MAGL. Our in vivo study indicated that JZL184 ameliorated bone loss in an ovariectomized mouse model. Furthermore, overexpressing H1 calponin partially alleviated the inhibition caused by JZL184 or MAGL deletion on osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we conclude that targeting MAGL may be a novel therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.
Application of Optimization Algorithms in Clusters
Authors: Srivastava Ruby
Published: March 2021

The structural characterization of clusters or nanoparticles is essential to rationalize their size and composition-dependent properties. As experiments alone could not provide complete picture of cluster structures, so independent theoretical investigations are needed to find out a detail description of the geometric arrangement and corresponding properties of the clusters. The potential energy surfaces (PES) are explored to find several minima with an ultimate goal of locating the global minima (GM) for the clusters. Optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA), basin hopping method and its variants, self-consistent basin-to-deformed-basin mapping, heuristic algorithm combined with the surface and interior operators (HA-SIO), fast annealing evolutionary algorithm (FAEA), random tunneling algorithm (RTA), and dynamic lattice searching (DLS) have been developed to solve the geometrical isomers in pure elemental clusters. Various model or empirical potentials (EPs) as Lennard–Jones (LJ), Born–Mayer, Gupta, Sutton–Chen, and Murrell–Mottram potentials are used to describe the bonding in different type of clusters. Due to existence of a large number of homotops in nanoalloys, genetic algorithm, basin-hopping algorithm, modified adaptive immune optimization algorithm (AIOA), evolutionary algorithm (EA), kick method and Knowledge Led Master Code (KLMC) are also used. In this review the optimization algorithms, computational techniques and accuracy of results obtained by using these mechanisms for different types of clusters will be discussed.
Genetic Characterization of AmpC and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Phenotypes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella From Alberta Broiler Chickens
Authors: Tran Tam , Checkley Sylvia , Caffrey Niamh , Mainali Chunu , Gow Sheryl , Agunos Agnes , Liljebjelke Karen
Published: March 2021

Horizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism which facilitates bacterial populations in overcoming antimicrobial treatment. In this study, a total of 120 Escherichia coli and 62 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates were isolated from broiler chicken farms in Alberta. Fourteen serovars were identified among Salmonella isolates. Thirty one percent of E. coli isolates (37/120) were multiclass drug resistant (resistant to ≥ 3 drug classes), while only about 16% of Salmonella isolates (10/62) were multiclass drug resistant. Among those, eight E. coli isolates had an AmpC-type phenotype, and one Salmonella isolate had an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-type beta-lactamase phenotype. We identified both AmpC-type (blaCMY-2) and ESBL-type (blaTEM) genes in both E. coli and Salmonella isolates. Plasmids from eight of nine E. coli and Salmonella isolates were transferred to recipient strain E. coli J53 through conjugation. Transferable plasmids in the eight E. coli and Salmonella isolates were also transferred into a lab-made sodium azide-resistant Salmonella recipient through conjugation. The class 1 integrase gene, int1, was detected on plasmids from two E. coli isolates. Further investigation of class 1 integron cassette regions revealed the presence of an aadA gene encoding streptomycin 3’’-adenylyltransferase, an aadA1a/aadA2 gene encoding aminoglycoside 3’’-O-adenyltransferase, and a putative adenylyltransferase gene. This study provides some insight into potential horizontal gene transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes between E. coli and Salmonella in broiler chicken production.
The Repeatedly Elevated Fatty Liver Index Is Associated With Increased Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Chang-Hoon , Han Kyung-Do , Kim Da Hye , Kwak Min-Sun
Published: March 2021

Aims

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a dynamic disease course, therefore repeated measurements of NAFLD status could have benefits rather than single one. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of persistent NAFLD on the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke and all-cause mortality by using repeated measurement of fatty liver index (FLI).

Methods

About 3 million subjects who had undergone the health screening four times from 2009 until 2013 were included. NAFLD was defined as an FLI ≥60. FLI points were defined as the number of times participants meeting the criteria of NAFLD (0–4). Outcomes included all-cause mortality, MI, and stroke.

Results

The higher the FLI points, the higher the risk of all-cause mortality, MI, and stroke (P for trend <0.001, all). Subjects with four FLI points had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.75–1.98; P < 0.001), incidence of MI (aHR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.21–1.40; P < 0.001), and stroke (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19–1.37; P < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, income, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, body mass index, and physical activity. When the 1st and the last FLI were compared, the “incident NAFLD” group had a higher risk for death compared to the “no NAFLD” group (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.37–1.55), and the “regression of NAFLD” group had a decreased risk for death compared to the “persistent NAFLD” group (aHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89).

Conclusion

Repeated evaluations of NAFLD status based on FLI measurements could help physicians identify higher-risk groups in terms of mortality, MI, and stroke. The association between FLI worsening or improvement and outcomes also suggests clinical benefits of the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.