bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives de l’architecture Trame/Cadre pour les alignements multilingues
Authors: Zimina Maria , Fleury Serge
Published: April 2016

L’informatisation des alignements textuels est confrontée à la complexité de l’organisation textuelle et discursive. L’architecture modulaire Trame/Cadre issue des recherches menées en textométrie facilite la navigation dans l’espace textuel multilingue. Le flux textuel est représenté par un système de coordonnées sur le texte (la Trame). Le calcul d’une Trame permet une identification précise des objets (contenants et contenus) nécessaires aux repérages contextuels (le Cadre). La construction d’un Cadre permet de stocker non seulement les découpages du texte mais aussi les annotations produites par différentes procédures informatiques (y compris les alignements) et, éventuellement, de les faire passer d’une procédure de traitement à l’autre. Ces états successifs de traitement induisent la notion de ressource textuelle incrémentale qui conserve la trace de séquences de traitement apportées à la ressource textuelle initiale, avec apport de méthodes quantitatives. Cette approche est implémentée au sein du logiciel Le Trameur qui permet d’explorer les corpus multilingues richement annotés (treebanks).
Violencia postestructural: migrantes centroamericanos y cárteles de la droga en México
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro
Published: April 2016

Post-structural violence refers to those situations where the victim becomes the executioner as a survival mechanism in a violent environment. This article, based on in-depth interviews with 53 Central American migrants kidnapped and forced to participate in criminal activities in Mexico, analyses the mechanisms used by Mexican drug cartels to recruit undocumented migrants, and concludes that the fear of losing their lives transforms peaceful and fearful labor migrants into ferocious criminals.
Sujetos de la masa. Visiones del nacionalismo después de la Primera Guerra Mundial
Authors: García-García Juan
Published: April 2016

One of the most popular or widespread theories of nationalism postulates the existence of dark, atavistic forces, the outbreak of irrational compulsions and the regression to barbarism, in a collective process that would in any case pass through the control and unconscious manipulation of the masses. What is the origin of such an interpretation? In this article we explore the influence of biology and turn-of-the-century psychiatry in the academic representation of nationalism at the end of the Great War. As we shall see, the representation of nationalism after the war would incorporate the concepts and terms atavism, degenerationism and mass psychology, thus initiating an epistemological turn that would not be complete until mid-century, with the popularization of psychoanalysis and denunciation of the Holocaust.
Synchronization of endothelial Dll4-Notch dynamics switch blood vessels from branching to expansion
Authors: Ubezio Benedetta , Blanco Raquel Agudo , Geudens Ilse , Stanchi Fabio , Mathivet Thomas , Jones Martin L , Ragab Anan , Bentley Katie , Gerhardt Holger
Published: April 2016

Formation of a regularly branched blood vessel network is crucial in development and physiology. Here we show that the expression of the Notch ligand Dll4 fluctuates in individual endothelial cells within sprouting vessels in the mouse retina in vivo and in correlation with dynamic cell movement in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived sprouting assays. We also find that sprout elongation and branching associates with a highly differential phase pattern of Dll4 between endothelial cells. Stimulation with pathologically high levels of Vegf, or overexpression of Dll4, leads to Notch dependent synchronization of Dll4 fluctuations within clusters, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the Vegf-Dll4/Notch feedback system normally operates to generate heterogeneity between endothelial cells driving branching, whilst synchronization drives vessel expansion. We propose that this sensitive phase transition in the behaviour of the Vegf-Dll4/Notch feedback loop underlies the morphogen function of Vegfa in vascular patterning.
Wnt, Ptk7, and FGFRL expression gradients control trunk positional identity in planarian regeneration
Authors: Lander Rachel , Petersen Christian P
Published: April 2016

Mechanisms enabling positional identity re-establishment are likely critical for tissue regeneration. Planarians use Wnt/beta-catenin signaling to polarize the termini of their anteroposterior axis, but little is known about how regeneration signaling restores regionalization along body or organ axes. We identify three genes expressed constitutively in overlapping body-wide transcriptional gradients that control trunk-tail positional identity in regeneration. ptk7 encodes a trunk-expressed kinase-dead Wnt co-receptor, wntP-2 encodes a posterior-expressed Wnt ligand, and ndl-3 encodes an anterior-expressed homolog of conserved FGFRL/nou-darake decoy receptors. ptk7 and wntP-2 maintain and allow appropriate regeneration of trunk tissue position independently of canonical Wnt signaling and with suppression of ndl-3 expression in the posterior. These results suggest that restoration of regional identity in regeneration involves the interpretation and re-establishment of axis-wide transcriptional gradients of signaling molecules.
Signal enhancement in femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with a double-pulse configuration composed of two polarizers
Authors: Somekawa Toshihiro , Otsuka Masataka , Maeda Yoshinobu , Fujita Masayuki
Published: April 2016

Femtosecond double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been performed with a double-pulse configuration composed of two polarizers. The effect of interpulse separation on the Cu I line at 510.55, 515.32, and 521.82 nm showed an optimum enhancement at 50–150 ps delays, which is more than 3–5 times greater compared with the single-pulse excitation case. This enhanced emission may open new possibilities for remote LIBS detection.
Seasonal variability of the meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea and its connection with inter‐ocean transport based on SODA2.2.4
Authors: Zhu Yaohua , Fang Guohong , Wei Zexun , Wang Yonggang , Teng Fei , Qu Tangdong
Published: April 2016

We have proposed a five‐layer‐scheme to investigate the volume transport through the South China Sea (SCS) based on the updated Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA2.2.4) product. By demonstrating horizontal transport in each layer, we have revealed different formation mechanisms for the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in winter and summer in the SCS. Our analysis suggests three meridional circulation systems in the SCS: (1) the seasonal monsoon‐driven circulation in the surface layer, i.e., southward circulation in winter and northward in summer, (2) the compensatory transport‐induced seasonal intermediate MOC in the central SCS, and (3) the persistent deep MOC in the southern SCS all year round. By examining vertical velocity distribution, we have identified that the major overturning process of the intermediate MOC is located along the continental slope east and southeast of Vietnam, while the major overturning process of the deep MOC is located along the continental slope northwest of Borneo. The downwelling in the intermediate MOC in winter and upwelling in the deep MOC all year round bring different water masses to the intermediate and subintermediate layers to be mixed in the SCS. We found no evidence to suggest that the strength and extent of the MOC south of 18°N are related to inter‐ocean volume transport. The surface layer transport in the Luzon Strait has been decreasing since the 1960s. However, the causes of the meridionally staggered and interdecadal alternating acceleration/slowdown of the meridional stream function difference are unknown.
Understanding Stokes forces in the wave‐averaged equations
Authors: Suzuki Nobuhiro , Fox‐Kemper Baylor
Published: April 2016

The wave‐averaged, or Craik‐Leibovich, equations describe the dynamics of upper ocean flow interacting with nonbreaking, not steep, surface gravity waves. This paper formulates the wave effects in these equations in terms of three contributions to momentum: Stokes advection, Stokes Coriolis force, and Stokes shear force. Each contribution scales with a distinctive parameter. Moreover, these contributions affect the turbulence energetics differently from each other such that the classification of instabilities is possible accordingly. Stokes advection transfers energy between turbulence and Eulerian mean‐flow kinetic energy, and its form also parallels the advection of tracers such as salinity, buoyancy, and potential vorticity. Stokes shear force transfers energy between turbulence and surface waves. The Stokes Coriolis force can also transfer energy between turbulence and waves, but this occurs only if the Stokes drift fluctuates. Furthermore, this formulation elucidates the unique nature of Stokes shear force and also allows direct comparison of Stokes shear force with buoyancy. As a result, the classic Langmuir instabilities of Craik and Leibovich, wave‐balanced fronts and filaments, Stokes perturbations of symmetric and geostrophic instabilities, the wavy Ekman layer, and the wavy hydrostatic balance are framed in terms of intuitive physical balances.
On the nature of cross‐isobath energy fluxes in topographically modified barotropic semidiurnal Kelvin waves
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Yankovsky Alexander E
Published: April 2016

Continental shelf topography modifies a Kelvin wave into a hybrid Kelvin‐edge wave with a nonzero across‐isobath velocity and a phase speed that decreases with increasing wave number while the group velocity reaches a minimum at intermediate wave numbers. We model the modified semidiurnal Kelvin wave adjustment to alongshore changes in the shelf width. The model domain consists of two alongshore‐uniform continental shelves of different widths adjoined through a 150 km long transition zone. The continental shelf and slope are adjacent to an ocean of a constant depth, allowing radiation of Poincaré waves. We consider three shelf widths of 150, 250, and 300 km, where properties of a zero mode at semidiurnal frequency change from Kelvin wave like to edge wave like. For each shelf width, a zero wave mode has its distinctive alongshore energy flux structure on the shelf. As the incident wave encounters a variable shelf width, the alongshore energy flux converges (diverges) on the shelf resulting in an offshore (onshore) energy flux over the continental slope. Furthermore, for a strongly convergent alongshore energy flux, the incident wave mode scatters into radiating Poincaré waves. On sufficiently wide shelves, a strong across‐isobath energy flux comparable with the incident wave energy flux can be triggered even by relatively modest changes of shelf width. An energy flux divergence parameter De is defined, which scales with magnitude and direction of the energy flux across the continental slope. More than 50% of the incident energy flux scatters into modes radiating offshore when De is −1 or less.
Metal Based Nonvolatile Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Bi Chong , Xu Meng , Almasi Hamid , Rosales Macus , Wang Weigang
Published: April 2016

The reduction of metals from their oxides through solid electrochemical reactions usually requires a high temperature above 800 °C and a specially designed electrochemical structure. It is demonstrated that, in a simple field‐effect transistor (FET) structure, the redox reaction between Co metal and CoOx is reversible under a small electric field and can be achieved at a moderate temperature below 200 °C. The FETs functioning through the reversible redox reaction show nonvolatile behavior and a high on/off ratio of about 105. Moreover, the FETs show a threshold resistance switching behavior at high resistance states, but with opposite switching directions compared to normal metal/oxide/metal structures. The electric field induced metal–oxide transition may also be used for other energy storage applications.
Single Atom Excels as the Smallest Functional Material
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao
Published: April 2016

The emerging single‐atom field spans single‐atom catalysis in chemistry and single‐atom manipulation in physics up to the state‐of‐the‐art characterization via imaging and spectroscopy. These interdisciplinary progresses have been interacted closely with the development of materials science, underscoring the principle that the single atom excels as the smallest functional material. This simple concept not only permits to reinvent our understanding of the nature of materials, but also promises unambiguously to have a great impact on other physical sciences.
Bioprinting Organotypic Hydrogels with Improved Mesenchymal Stem Cell Remodeling and Mineralization Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Duarte Campos Daniela Filipa , Blaeser Andreas , Buellesbach Kate , Sen Kshama Shree , Xun Weiwei , Tillmann Walter , Fischer Horst
Published: April 2016

3D‐manufactured hydrogels with precise contours and biological adhesion motifs are interesting candidates in the regenerative medicine field for the culture and differentiation of human bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 3D‐bioprinting is a powerful technique to approach one step closer the native organization of cells. This study investigates the effect of the incorporation of collagen type I in 3D‐bioprinted polysaccharide‐based hydrogels to the modulation of cell morphology, osteogenic remodeling potential, and mineralization. By combining thermo‐responsive agarose hydrogels with collagen type I, the mechanical stiffness and printing contours of printed constructs can be improved compared to pure collagen hydrogels which are typically used as standard materials for MSC osteogenic differentiation. The results presented here show that MSC not only survive the 3D‐bioprinting process but also maintain the mesenchymal phenotype, as proved by live/dead staining and immunocytochemistry (vimentin positive, CD34 negative). Increased solids concentrations of collagen in the hydrogel blend induce changes in cell morphology, namely, by enhancing cell spreading, that ultimately contribute to enhanced and directed MSC osteogenic differentiation. 3D‐bioprinted agarose‐collagen hydrogels with high‐collagen ratio are therefore feasible for MSC osteogenic differentiation, contrarily to low‐collagen blends, as proved by two‐photon microscopy, Alizarin Red staining, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.
Actions of Tryptophan Prenyltransferases Toward Fumiquinazolines and their Potential Application for the Generation of Prenylated Derivatives by Combining Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Syntheses
Authors: Mai Peter , Zocher Georg , Ludwig Lena , Stehle Thilo , Li Shu‐Ming
Published: April 2016

Dimethylallyltryptophan synthases (DMATSs) catalyze regiospecific transfer reactions of a prenyl moiety from dimethylallyl diphosphate to various positions of the indole ring of tryptophan. For example, FgaPT2, 5‐DMATS, and 7‐DMATS from Aspergillus fungi catalyze tryptophan prenylation at C‐4, C‐5, and C‐7, while 5‐DMATSSc and 6‐DMATSSa from Streptomyces strains are tryptophan C‐5 and C‐6 prenyltransferases, respectively. In this study, our objective is to demonstrate the possibility of producing prenylated analogues of ardeemin fumiquinazoline (FQ) (1a), a precursor of the multidrug resistance (MDR) export pump inhibitor ardeemin, by using DMATSs. All ardeemin FQ stereoisomers were chemically synthesized and used as substrates for enzyme assays with DMATSs. Biochemical investigations revealed different features of these enzymes toward ardeemin FQ analogues, regarding activity and prenylation position. Isolation and structural elucidation showed that 7‐DMATS catalyzed mainly regiospecific prenylation at C‐7, which is also observed for its natural substrate L‐tryptophan. Up to four prenylated derivatives were identified in the reaction mixtures of other enzymes. In total, 18 new prenylated ardeemin FQ analogues were obtained in this study. Molecular modelling of ardeemin FQ analogues with the crystal structure of FgaPT2 led to the identification of two potential amino acid residues for guidance of the prenylation position. The two generated mutants FgaPT2_M328L and FgaPT2_Y398F showed significant prenylation shifts with 1a.

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Large‐Area, Ultrathin Inorganic Network Coverages–Graphene Hierarchical Electrodes for Flexible, Heat‐Resistant Energy Storage Application
Authors: Tang Jiayong , Jin Mengyuan , Yuan Ping , Fu Yanbao , Ma Xiaohua
Published: April 2016

Graphene and quasi‐2D graphene‐like materials with an ultrathin thickness have been investigated as a new class of nanoscale materials due to their distinctive properties. A novel “molecular tools‐assistances” strategy is developed to fabricate two kinds of graphene‐based electrodes, ultrathin Fe‐doped MnO2 network coverage–graphene composites (G‐MFO) and ultrathin MoS2 network coverage–graphene composites (G‐MoS2) with special hierarchical structures. Such structures enable a large contact interface between the active materials and graphene and thus fully exploit the synergistic effect from both the high specific capacitance of MFO or MoS2 and the superb conductivity of graphene. Benefiting from their unique structural features, G‐MFO and G‐MoS2 films directly use as free‐standing electrodes for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors with a nonaqueous gel electrolyte. The device achieves a high energy/power density, superior flexibility, good rate capability as well as outstanding performance stability even at a high temperature. This work represents a promising prototype to design new generation of hybrid supercapacitors for future energy storage devices.
Improved light microscopy counting method for accurately counting Plasmodium parasitemia and reticulocytemia
Authors: Lim Caeul , Pereira Ligia , Shardul Pritish , Mascarenhas Anjali , Maki Jennifer , Rixon Jordan , Shaw‐Saliba Kathryn , White John , Silveira Maria , Gomes Edwin , Chery Laura , Rathod Pradipsinh K. , Duraisingh Manoj T.
Published: April 2016

Even with the advances in molecular or automated methods for detection of red blood cells of interest (such as reticulocytes or parasitized cells), light microscopy continues to be the gold standard especially in laboratories with limited resources. The conventional method for determination of parasitemia and reticulocytemia uses a Miller reticle, a grid with squares of different sizes. However, this method is prone to errors if not used correctly and counts become inaccurate and highly time‐consuming at low frequencies of target cells. In this report, we outline the correct guidelines to follow when using a reticle for counting, and present a new counting protocol that is a modified version of the conventional method for increased accuracy in the counting of low parasitemias and reticulocytemias. Am. J. Hematol. 91:852–855, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Versatile p‐Type Chemical Doping to Achieve Ideal Flexible Graphene Electrodes
Authors: Han Tae‐Hee , Kwon Sung‐Joo , Li Nannan , Seo Hong‐Kyu , Xu Wentao , Kim Kwang S. , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: April 2016

We report effective solution‐processed chemical p‐type doping of graphene using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H, TFMS), that can provide essential requirements to approach an ideal flexible graphene anode for practical applications: i) high optical transmittance, ii) low sheet resistance (70 % decrease), iii) high work function (0.83 eV increase), iv) smooth surface, and iv) air‐stability at the same time. The TFMS‐doped graphene formed nearly ohmic contact with a conventional organic hole transporting layer, and a green phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode with the TFMS‐doped graphene anode showed lower operating voltage, and higher device efficiencies (104.1 cd A−1, 80.7 lm W−1) than those with conventional ITO (84.8 cd A−1, 73.8 lm W−1).
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrans Accelerated by Mechanism‐Based Allylboration and Bioinspired Oxa‐Michael Cyclization
Authors: Yang Lin , Lin Zuming , Huang Sha‐Hua , Hong Ran
Published: April 2016

A stereodivergent strategy enabled by bioinspired oxa‐Michael cyclization was developed for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans on the basis of the inherent symmetry in 1,3‐diols, the symmetries of which were tunable by stereoselective hydroboration of an allene with a variety of alkylborane reagents and subsequent allylation of an aldehyde. The mechanism‐based utilization of monoalkyl borane in the hydroboration and allylation cascade is unprecedented.
Spatially Resolved Quantification of the Surface Reactivity of Solid Catalysts
Authors: Huang Bing , Xiao Li , Lu Juntao , Zhuang Lin
Published: April 2016

A new property is reported that accurately quantifies and spatially describes the chemical reactivity of solid surfaces. The core idea is to create a reactivity weight function peaking at the Fermi level, thereby determining a weighted summation of the density of states of a solid surface. When such a weight function is defined as the derivative of the Fermi–Dirac distribution function at a certain non‐zero temperature, the resulting property is the finite‐temperature chemical softness, termed Fermi softness (SF), which turns out to be an accurate descriptor of the surface reactivity. The spatial image of SF maps the reactive domain of a heterogeneous surface and even portrays morphological details of the reactive sites. SF analyses reveal that the reactive zones on a Pt3Y(111) surface are the platinum sites rather than the seemingly active yttrium sites, and the reactivity of the S‐dimer edge of MoS2 is spatially anisotropic. Our finding is of fundamental and technological significance to heterogeneous catalysis and industrial processes demanding rational design of solid catalysts.
On the Exciton Coupling between Two Chlorophyll Pigments in the Absence of a Protein Environment: Intrinsic Effects Revealed by Theory and Experiment
Authors: Milne Bruce F. , Kjær Christina , Houmøller Jørgen , Stockett Mark H. , Toker Yoni , Rubio Angel , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted
Published: April 2016

Exciton coupling between two or more chlorophyll (Chl) pigments is a key mechanism associated with the color tuning of photosynthetic proteins but it is difficult to disentangle this effect from shifts that are due to the protein microenvironment. Herein, we report the formation of the simplest coupled system, the Chl a dimer, tagged with a quaternary ammonium ion by electrospray ionization. Based on action spectroscopic studies in vacuo, the dimer complexes were found to absorb 50–70 meV to the red of the monomers under the same conditions. First‐principles calculations predict shifts that somewhat depend on the relative orientation of the two Chl units, namely 50 and 30 meV for structures where the Chl rings are stacked and unstacked, respectively. Our work demonstrates that Chl association alone can produce a large portion of the color shift observed in photosynthetic macromolecular assemblies.
CuI/Oxalamide Catalyzed Couplings of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides and Phenols for Diaryl Ether Formation
Authors: Fan Mengyang , Zhou Wei , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei
Published: April 2016

Couplings between (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenols can be effectively promoted by CuI in combination with an N‐aryl‐N′‐alkyl‐substituted oxalamide ligand to proceed smoothly at 120 °C. For this process, N‐aryl‐N′‐alkyl‐substituted oxalamides are more effective ligands than bis(N‐aryl)‐substituted oxalamides. A wide range of electron‐rich and electron‐poor aryl and heteroaryl chlorides gave the corresponding coupling products in good yields. Satisfactory conversions were achieved with electron‐rich phenols as well as a limited range of electron‐poor phenols. Catalyst and ligand loadings as low as 1.5 mol % are sufficient for the scaled‐up variants of some of these reactions.
Asymmetric Catalysis with CO2: The Direct α‐Allylation of Ketones
Authors: Pupo Gabriele , Properzi Roberta , List Benjamin
Published: April 2016

Quaternary stereocenters are found in numerous bioactive molecules. The Tsuji–Trost reaction has proven to be a powerful C−C bond forming process, and, at least in principle, should be well suited to access quaternary stereocenters via the α‐allylation of ketones. However, while indirect approaches are known, the direct, catalytic asymmetric α‐allylation of branched ketones has been elusive until today. By combining “enol catalysis” with the use of CO2 as a formal catalyst for asymmetric catalysis, we have now developed a solution to this problem: we report a direct, highly enantioselective and highly atom‐economic Tsuji–Trost allylation of branched ketones with allylic alcohol. Our reaction delivers products bearing quaternary stereocenters with high enantioselectivity and water as the sole by‐product. We expect our methodology to be of utility in asymmetric catalysis and inspire the design of other highly atom‐economic transformations.
Isolation of Labile Pseudohalogen NSO Species
Authors: Labbow René , Michalik Dirk , Reiß Fabian , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: April 2016

A new synthetic approach enabled the generation of highly labile thionylimide, H−NSO, which was trapped by adduct formation with the bulky Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 and fully characterized. For comparison, a series of different Me3Si−NSO Lewis acid adducts were studied. Treatment of Me3Si−NSO with the silylium ion [Me3Si]+ led to the formation of the hitherto unknown iminosulfonium ion [Me3Si−N=S−O−SiMe3]+, which could be isolated and fully characterized as a salt in the presence of weakly coordinating carborate anions.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with β‐Trifluoromethyl β,β‐Disubstituted Enones
Authors: Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Xu Bing , Xu Shan , Wu Hai‐Hong , Zhang Junliang
Published: April 2016

Reported herein is an asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with β‐trifluoromethyl β,β‐disubstituted enones, a reaction which is enabled by a Ming‐Phos‐derived copper(I) catalyst (Ming‐Phos=chiral sulfinamide monophosphines, Figure ). This method provides scalable and efficient access to the highly substituted pyrrolidines with a trifluoromethylated, all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter in good yields with up to greater than 20:1 d.r. and 98 % ee. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
New Stabilization of Continuous‐Time Delayed Systems Based on Partially Delay‐Dependent Controllers
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Liu Li
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a new approach is developed to discuss the stabilization problem for a class of continuous‐time delayed systems, which is firstly achieved by a kind of partially delay‐dependent controller. The main property of the desired controller is that both non‐delay and delay states are contained. Different from the traditional stabilization methods realized by totally non‐delay or delay state feedback controllers, both non‐delay and delay states are contained but take place asynchronously, where the probability distributions of such terms are considered in the controller design process. Based on the established model, new stabilization conditions depending on such probabilities are presented with linear matrix inequality forms. Moreover, another general case in terms of probability having uncertainty is also considered. Finally, numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the design methods.
Highly selective ratiometric fluorescent Zn2+ chemosensor based on diarylethene derivative with bi‐8‐carboxamidoquinoline unit
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Li Hui , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi
Published: April 2016

An asymmetrical diarylethene (1O) with a bi‐8‐carboxamidoquinoline unit was synthesized. Its photochromic and fluorescence performances on stimulation with both light and metal ions showed that the diarylethene could serve as a highly selective ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor to detect Zn2+ ions based on internal charge transfer and chelation‐enhanced fluorescence processes. The diarylethene could selectively discriminate Zn2+ from Cd2+ in acetonitrile. Furthermore, Job's plots based on fluorescence titration and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis showed 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry between 1O and Zn2+. The binding constant of 1O with Zn2+, estimated using the Benesi–Hildebrand method, and the limit of detection were 3.37 × 105 M–1 and 4.6 × 10–8 mol/L, respectively. Additionally, the light and metal‐responsive fluorescence behavior of 1O was used successfully to construct a molecular logic circuit with four inputs and one output. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Methoxyethyl Nucleoside Dimer Phosphoramidites
Authors: Yu Gi Weon , Kang Yong Han
Published: April 2016

Four types of methoxyethyl (MOE) nucleoside phosphoramidites, which are categorized as second‐generation building blocks of antisense oligonucleotide drugs, were synthesized. Also, three types of MOE nucleoside dimer phosphoramidites were synthesized to increase the efficiency and oligomer purity in solid phase synthesis. The block‐like dimer phosphoramidites can prevent or minimize the formation of the (N‐1) mer impurity, thereby affording the fabrication of pure oligonucleotides and reducing the synthesis time by performing coupling reactions in the order of 2 + 2 + 2.
Characterization of the co‐elution of host cell proteins with monoclonal antibodies during protein A purification
Authors: Zhang Qingchun , Goetze Andrew M. , Cui Huanchun , Wylie Jenna , Tillotson Ben , Hewig Art , Hall Michael P. , Flynn Gregory C.
Published: April 2016

Protein A chromatography is commonly used as the initial step for purifying monoclonal antibody biotherapeutics expressed in mammalian tissue culture cells. The purpose of this step, as well as later chromatography steps, is, in part, to remove host cell proteins (HCPs) and other related impurities. Understanding the retention mechanism for the subset of HCPs retained during this step is of great interest to monoclonal antibody (mAb) process developers because it allows formation of a guided HCP clearance strategy. However, only limited information is available about the specific HCPs that co‐purify with mAbs at this step. In this study, a comprehensive comparison of HCP subpopulations that associated with 15 different mAbs during protein A chromatography was conducted by a 2D‐LC‐HDMSE approach. We found that a majority of CHO HCPs binding to and eluting with the mAbs were common among the mAbs studied, with only a small percentage (∼10% on average) of a mAb's total HCP content in the protein A (PrA) eluate specific for a particular antibody. The abundance of these HCPs in cell culture fluids and their ability to interact with mAbs were the two main factors determining their prevalence in protein A eluates. Potential binding segments for HCPs to associate with mAbs were also studied through their co‐purification with individual Fc and (Fab′)2 antibody fragments. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:708–717, 2016
The Role of the Black Church in HIV Prevention: Exploring Barriers and Best Practices
Authors: Bryant‐Davis Thema , Ellis Monica U. , Edwards Nathan , Adams Tyonna P. , Counts Pamela , Arline‐Bradley Shavon , Sadler Keron
Published: April 2016

Black people have the highest rate of HIV/AIDS infection in the USA, and they are less likely to access quality physical and mental healthcare. To address these disparities as outlined in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, there is a need for culturally congruent, innovative approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention. The first multi‐denominational national study of Black faith leaders was conducted utilizing focus groups that were held in 11 US cities. The 265 participants were faith leaders who reported involvement in such prevention practices as sponsoring HIV/AIDS workshops, integrating HIV/AIDS messaging in the worship service, hosting HIV/AIDS screenings, distributing written materials about HIV/AIDS through the bulletin or flyers, pastoral counselling, advocating for policies that provide quality healthcare to the community and disseminating HIV/AIDS prevention messages through new media such as the Church website. These findings, including attention to barriers to engagement, provide insight into innovative practices that can be integrated into faith‐based HIV/AIDS prevention programming. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Points‐based user interface for character posing
Authors: Choi Myung Geol , Lee Kang Hoon
Published: April 2016

We present a points‐based user interface for character posing. In our method, users insert a number of three‐dimensional (3D) points in a virtual environment. The system performs a linear search of a motion capture database for the best matched pose and then places the pose immediately in the virtual environment to be overlapped with the input points. For a fast and precise distance computation between the input points and the example poses from the database, we developed a closed‐form solution of the 3D points registration problem. To demonstrate the easiness and usability of our approach, we built a motion database including various kinds of human motion and conducted a user study of character posing tasks with non‐expert users. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coexistence of Three Ferroic Orders in the Multiferroic Compound [(CH3)4N][Mn(N3)3] with Perovskite‐Like Structure
Authors: Gómez‐Aguirre L. Claudia , Pato‐Doldán Breogán , Stroppa Alessandro , Yang Li‐Ming , Frauenheim Thomas , Mira Jorge , Yáñez‐Vilar Susana , Artiaga Ramón , Castro‐García Socorro , Sánchez‐Andújar Manuel , Señarís‐Rodríguez María Antonia
Published: April 2016

The perovskite azido compound [(CH3)4N][Mn(N3)3], which undergoes a first‐order phase change at Tt=310 K with an associated magnetic bistability, was revisited in the search for additional ferroic orders. The driving force for such structural transition is multifold and involves a peculiar cooperative rotation of the [MnN6] octahedral as well as order/disorder and off‐center shifts of the [(CH3)4N]+ cations and bridging azide ligands, which also bend and change their coordination mode. According to DFT calculations the latter two give rise to the appearance of electric dipoles in the low‐temperature (LT) polymorph, the polarization of which nevertheless cancels out due to their antiparallel alignment in the crystal. The conversion of this antiferroelectric phase to the paraelectric phase could be responsible for the experimental dielectric anomaly detected at 310 K. Additionally, the structural change involves a ferroelastic phase transition, whereby the LT polymorph exhibits an unusual and anisotropic thermal behavior. Hence, [(CH3)4N][Mn(N3)3] is a singular material in which three ferroic orders coexist even above room temperature.
Tailoring Zeolite ZSM‐5 Crystal Morphology/Porosity through Flexible Utilization of Silicalite‐1 Seeds as Templates: Unusual Crystallization Pathways in a Heterogeneous System
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Zhao Yang , Zhang Hongxia , Wang Peicheng , Shi Zhangping , Mao Jianjiang , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: April 2016

Diffusion limitation in micropores of zeolites leads to a demand for optimization of zeolite morphology and/or porosity. However, tailoring crystallization processes to realize targeted morphology/porosity is a major challenge in zeolite synthesis. On the basis of previous work on the salt‐aided, seed‐induced route, the template effect of seeds on the formation of micropores, mesopores and even macropores was further explored to selectively achieve desired hierarchical architectures. By carefully investigating the crystallization processes of two typical samples with distinct crystal morphologies, namely, 1) nanocrystallite‐oriented self‐assembled ZSM‐5 zeolite and 2) enriched intracrystal mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolite, a detailed mechanism is proposed to clarify the role of silicalite‐1 seeds in the formation of diverse morphologies in a salt‐rich heterogeneous system, combined with the transformation of seed‐embedded aluminosilicate gel. On the basis of these conclusions, the morphologies/porosities of products were precisely tailored by deliberately adjusting the synthesis parameters (KF/Si, tetrapropylammonium bromide/Si and H2O/Si ratios and type of organic template) to regulate the kinetics of seed dissolution and seed‐induced recrystallization. This work may not only provide a practical route to control zeolite crystallization for tailoring crystal morphology, but also expands the knowledge of crystal growth mechanisms in a heterogeneous system.
Histidine‐Rich Oligopeptides To Lessen Copper‐Mediated Amyloid‐β Toxicity
Authors: Caballero Ana B. , Terol‐Ordaz Laia , Espargaró Alba , Vázquez Guillem , Nicolás Ernesto , Sabaté Raimon , Gamez Patrick
Published: April 2016

Brain copper imbalance plays an important role in amyloid‐β aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neurotoxicity observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the administration of biocompatible metal‐binding agents may offer a potential therapeutic solution to target mislocalized copper ions and restore metallostasis. Histidine‐containing peptides and proteins are excellent metal binders and are found in many natural systems. The design of short peptides showing optimal binding properties represents a promising approach to capture and redistribute mislocalized metal ions, mainly due to their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and the possibility of fine‐tuning their metal‐binding affinities in order to suppress unwanted competitive binding with copper‐containing proteins. In the present study, three peptides, namely HWH, HKCH, and HAH, have been designed with the objective of reducing copper toxicity in AD. These tripeptides form highly stable albumin‐like complexes, showing higher affinity for CuII than that of Aβ(1‐40). Furthermore, HWH, HKCH, and HAH act as very efficient inhibitors of copper‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and prevent the copper‐induced overproduction of toxic oligomers in the initial steps of amyloid aggregation in the presence of CuII ions. These tripeptides, and more generally small peptides including the sequence His‐Xaa‐His at the N‐terminus, may therefore be considered as promising motifs for the future development of new and efficient anti‐Alzheimer drugs.
Single‐Molecule Magnet Behavior of Individual Polyoxometalate Molecules Incorporated within Biopolymer or Metal–Organic Framework Matrices
Authors: Salomon William , Lan Yanhua , Rivière Eric , Yang Shu , Roch‐Marchal Catherine , Dolbecq Anne , Simonnet‐Jégat Corine , Steunou Nathalie , Leclerc‐Laronze Nathalie , Ruhlmann Laurent , Mallah Talal , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Mialane Pierre
Published: April 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is a collaboration between the groups of Talal Mallah at Université Paris Sud 11, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer at Institut Néel, and Pierre Mialane at the Université de Versailles St‐Quentin en Yvelines. The image depicts the encapsulation of polyoxometalate single‐molecule magnets within biopolymer and metal–organic framework matrices. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201600202.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTION OF SILICON TETRACHLORIDE AND OXYGEN IN QUARTZ TUBES
Authors: SINCLAIR W. R. , MACCHESNEY J. B. , GALLAGHER P. K. , O'CONNOR P. B.
Published: April 2016

Die SiCl4‐O2‐Reaktion wird bei 1 at Og‐Druck im Temp.‐Bereich 25‐1200°C massenspektrometrisch verfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CONDUCTIVITIES OF SOME TRANSITION METAL DITHIOLATES AND OTHER COMPLEXES, THEIR DEPENDENCES ON CATION PROPERTIES, AND THE ROLE OF ANION DISPROPORTIONATION
Authors: ROSSEINSKY D. R. , MALPAS R. E.
Published: April 2016

Die Abhängigkeiten der Leitfähigkeiten und ihrer assoziierten Aktivierungsenergien für drei Maleonitrildithiolat‐Anionen mit Ni‐ oder Fe‐Zentren werden in bezug auf Größe und Redoxtendenzen der Kationen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW MIXED ALLYL‐ALKOXO COMPLEXES OF URANIUM(IV). THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DI‐μ‐ISOPROPOXOBIS(DI(η‐ALLYL)ISOPROPOXOURANIUM(IV))
Authors: BRUNELLI M. , PEREGO G. , LUGLI G. , MAZZEI A.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC 12‐Π AND 14‐Π SYSTEMS. 33. SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF 1,9‐DIETHOXYPHENALENIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE
Authors: NEIDLEIN R. , BEHZADI Z.
Published: April 2016

Das Phenaleniumtetrafluoroborat (I) reagiert mit Hydrazinen zu den Hydrazonen (III) und mit Hydrazin zum Azin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ENE REACTIONS WITH CYANOTHIOFORMANILIDES
Authors: FRIEDRICH K. , ZAMKANEI M.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung von Methylencyclohexan (I) und β‐Pinen (IV) mit den Titelverbindungen (II) führt zu den En‐Addukten (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF 3,5‐DIPHENYL‐1,2‐DITHIOLIUM PERCHLORATE WITH ACTIVE METHYLENES
Authors: SHIBUYA I.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (II) wird nach einer neuen einfachen Darstellungsweise aus Dibenzoyhnethan (I) und H25 erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOEPOXIDATION OF VINYLALLENES
Authors: MALACRIA M. , GORE J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Vinyl‐allenen (I) erhält man bei der Photooxidation die Cyclopentenone (II) sowie die Oxiranyl‐allene (III) je nach Struktur der Ausgangsverbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION NETWORKS IN CATALYTIC HYDRODENITROGENATION
Authors: STERN E. W.
Published: April 2016

Zur Klärung der Vorgänge bei der katalytischen hydrierenden Denitrogenierung in der Petrochemie und verwandten technischen Prozessen wurde die Hydrierung der N‐Heterocyclen Pyrrol, Carbazol und insbesondere Indol untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SILVER(I) SALT‐PROMOTED BENZYLATION OF SILYL ENOL ETHERS
Authors: TAKAGAKI H. , YASUDA N. , ASAOKA M. , TAKEI H.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung der Silylenolether (I) bzw. (IV) mit Benzylbromid (II) in Gegenwart von Silbersalzen wie AgClO4 [im Falle von (Ib) unter Zusatz katalytischer Mengen von BF3‐etherat] führt zu den α‐Benzyl‐Derivaten (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUCCINALDEHYDE HEMIDIETHYLACETAL AND Γ‐HYDROXYBUTYRALDEHYDE
Authors: TRAVERSO G. , PIRILLO D. , RESCIA G.
Published: April 2016

Formylbernsteinsäureester (I) wird mit Oxalsäure verseift und decarboxyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 2,4,6‐TRI‐TERT‐BUTYLACETOPHENONE
Authors: DITTO S. R. , CARD R. J. , DAVIS P. D. , NECKERS D. C.
Published: April 2016

Benzol (Ia) wird in das Tris‐tert.‐butylbenzol (Ib) mittels tert.‐Butylchlorid und AlCl3 übergeführt und dann zu (IIa) bromiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROREDUCTION OF N‐METHYLSUCCINIMIDE TO N‐METHYLPYRROLIDONE
Authors: ERSHLER A. B. , OREKHOVA T. S. , LEVINSON I. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Elektroreduktion des Imids (I) zum Pyrrolidon (II) wird optimiert.
ChemInform Abstract: MICHAEL‐ADDITIONS WITH ESTERS OF N‐ACYLAMINO ACIDS, V: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐BICYCLOARYL‐2‐CARBOXYPYRROLID‐5‐ONES AS BUILDING BLOCKS FOR 17‐AZASTEROIDS
Authors: PACHALY P. , SCHLEYPEN D.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Acrylsäureestern (I) und den N‐Acetyl‐aminosäureethylestern (II) entstehen die Pyrrolidone (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: FORMALDEHYDE POLYMERS. 24. THE ACID‐CATALYZED REACTIONS OF 4‐CHROMANONES WITH H FORMALDEHYDE
Authors: NINAGAWA A. , NOMURA R. , MATSUDA H.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion der Chromanone (III) und (V) mit Formaldehyd (II) in Schwefelsäure ist stark von den Substituenten der Chromanone sowie vom Lösungsmittel abhängig.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF SULFENE WITH HETEROCYCLIC N,N‐DISUBSTITUTED α‐AMINOMETHYLENE KETONES V. SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐OXATHIINO(5,6‐C)PYRIDINE AND 1,2‐OXATHIINO(5,6‐C)QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: SCHENONE P. , MENOZZI G.
Published: April 2016

Aus den in situ hergestellten Hydroxymethylen‐ketonen (I) entstehen mit den entsprechenden Aminen die Aminomethylenverbindungen (II), die mit dem aus Methylsulfonylchlorid erhaltenen Sulfen (III) zu den Addukten (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF A PYRIDO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDINE ANALOG OF PTEROIC ACID
Authors: MAGUIRE J. H. , MCKEE R. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation zwischen den Acetamiden (II) und dem Diketoester (I) liefert die Pyridone (III), die mit Phosphoroxychlorid zu (IV) führen und zu (V) dechloriert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED 1‐(4‐(2‐INDOL‐3‐YLETHYL)‐PIPERAZINYL)UREAS AS POTENTIAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS
Authors: GLAMKOWSKI E. J. , REITANO P. A. , WOODWARD D. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Piperazinylethylindole (I) mit den Isocyanaten (II) liefert die Piperazinylharnstoffe (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DONOR/ACCEPTOR‐SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC SYSTEMS. V. REACTIONS OF AMINO‐ AND HALO‐1,2,3‐TRIAZINES
Authors: GOMPPER R. , SCHOENAFINGER K.
Published: April 2016

Die Protonierung der Triazine (I) bzw. (III) führt nur vorübergehend zur Bildung von instabilen Salzen wie z.B. (II); aus den Triazinen (Va) bzw. (Vf) werden jedoch die isolierbaren Salze (IV) bzw. (VI) gewonnen.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC DITHIOCYANATES ‐ REACTIVITY OF PRODUCTS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER AND MATRIX EFFECT
Authors: TODRES Z. V. , FURMANOVA N. G. , AVAGYAN S. P. , STRUCHKOV Y. T. , KURSANOV D. N.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Einwirkung des doppelten Kaliumsalzes des Cyclooctatetraens (II) auf das Dithiocyanatothiophen (I) entsteht das komplexe Kaliumsalz (III), das bei der Hydrolyse in Gegenwart von Kronenether das polymere Thiophendisulfid (IV) und Schwefel (V) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY XXI. 9H‐CYCLOPENTA(6)(1)BENZOSELENIN ‐ A NEW HETEROCYCLIC RING SYSTEM
Authors: PRAEFCKE K. , SCHMIDT D.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Photolyse in Benzol erhält man aus den Cyclopenten‐selenocarbonesterderivaten (I) die Folgeprodukte (II)‐(V) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND MASS SPECTRA OF TRIARYLGALLIUM AND ‐INDIUM COMPOUNDS
Authors: MILLER S. B. , JELUS B. L. , SMITH J. H. , MUNSON B. , BRILL T. B.
Published: April 2016

Durch Erhitzen von Diarylquecksilberverbindungen (I) mit Gallium‐ und Indiummetall unter Stickstoff werden die Triarylgallium‐ und ‐indiumverbindungen (II) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME MONOARYLTHALLIUM BIS(DITHIOCARBAMATES) AND (‐XANTHATES)
Authors: BAUDIS U. , WIEBER M.
Published: April 2016

Phenylthalliumdichlorid und p‐Tolylthallium‐bis‐[trifluoracetat] reagieren mit Na‐dithiocarbamaten bzw. Na‐O‐methylxanthogenat in MeOH‐, MeOH/MeCN‐ oder EtOH/MeCN‐Lösungen zu den Komplexen (Ia und b) bzw. (Ic), deren Struktur auf Grund einer Röntgenanalyse von p‐Tolylthallium‐bis‐[diethyldithiocarbamat] festgelegt wurde.Oxidations‐ und Disproportionierungsprodukte konnten in der Reaktion nicht nachgewiesen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTIVITY OF COMPLEXED CARBOCYCLES. VIII. STEREOSPECIFIC PREPARATION AND D REACTIVITY OF METAL CARBONYL COMPLEXES OF BICYCLO(4.2.1)NONATRIENONE AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: SALZER A. , VON PHILIPSBORN W.
Published: April 2016

Das Bicyclononatrienon (I) wird mit Hilfe von Molybdän‐ und Chromcarbonylkomplexen zu entsprechenden Molybdän‐ und Chrom‐Komplexen (II) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CATIONIC IRON COMPLEXES WITH THE CYCLOBUTENYLIDENE LIGAND. THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF 1‐TRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM‐2‐PHENYLVINYL‐η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYLDICARBONYLIRON TETRAFLUOROBORATE
Authors: KOLOBOVA N. YE. , SKRIPKIN V. V. , ALEXANDROV G. G. , STRUCHKOV YU. T.
Published: April 2016

Der o‐Phenylacetylid‐eisen‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit starken Säuren in Acetanhydrid zu binuklearen Eisenkomplexen mit einem neuen Cyclobutenyliden‐Brückenliganden (II).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XXIV. FIVE‐MEMBERED COBALT‐CONTAINING RINGS FROM CARBENE ADDITION TO DICARBONYL(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)COBALT
Authors: HERRMANN W. A. , STEFFL I. , ZIEGLER M. L. , WEIDENHAMMER K.
Published: April 2016

Durch Photolyse der Diazomalonsäuredialkylester (II) in Gegenwart der Co‐Verbindung (I) werden die diamagnetischen Titelkomplexe (III) gebildet.