bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sacerdos intrauit sub iugum. Étude sur le rituel dans le culte de Saturne en Afrique romaine
Authors: Sebaï Meriem
Published: January 2016

The epigraphic formula ‘ sacerdos intrauit sub iugum’ or ‘ sacerdos intrauit’ can be read on a series of stellae unearthed at archaeological sites of the hinterland of the colonies of Carthage and Cirta. Carved on documents issued by priests of Saturnus Augustus, this formula is commonly associated with the existence of ‘ Saturnian mysteries’ and has led to the assumption that these priests may have been initiated to rites of passage where they ‘ entered under the yoke’ of Saturnus during ceremonies we know nothing about. This was supposedly a rite of submission where the priests surrendered into the hands of the god. This epigraphic formula, which was likened to Phenico-Punic and biblical formulas, Metroac or Roman rituals like the tigillum sororium, gave weight to the idea that the rituals performed within Saturnian sanctuaries where anchored in Punic tradition. The study of this formula against the background of its votive context allows a reassessment of this series of stellae. Far from indicating an interchangeable votive formula, the inscriptions show, on the contrary, that the priests were stating very precisely their ‘ introduction’ into the legal votive relationship implied by the promise of the vow : a binding and imperative promise once the deity had agreed to the modalities of the promise.
Épigraphie et rituel. De quelques formulations ambigües relatives au culte impérial
Authors: Scheid John
Published: January 2016

A certain number of epigraphic formulas seem to prove that under Augustus the Romans sacrified and made dedications to Augustus himself and not to his Genius, as other documents and the general consensus of modern historians want it. In fact this impression is due to the ambiguity of the laconic form of the dedication or the sacrificial descriptions. Because when we have good evidence, as for example in the arval proceedings, it appears that only the sacrificial ritual can establish if the sacrifice was offered to the emperor, to his Genius or to the Divus.
La expresión epigráfica de la divinidad en contextos mágicos del Occidente romano: especificidad, adaptación e innovación
Authors: Marco Simón Francisco
Published: January 2016

The spaces of magical rituals make possible a higher degree of spontaneity and individualization that that of the public religion. Having this in mind, this paper aims to analize diverse solutions in the epigraphical expression of divinity in the magical contexts of the western provinces of the Roman empire, from the testament of local deities (such as the Niskae or Adsagonda) unknown in votive altars and dedications, to the consignation of divine personalities kown only in the literary sources, to the integration of elements belonging to a Mediterranean koiné which is mainly defined by the so called Graeco-Egyptian magic and the shift from rituals centered in the temple to other transmitted by travelling specialists (as the turibulum of Chartres, the new defixio of the via Ostiense at Rome or the presence of Abraxas in the sanctuary of Anna Perenna make clear).
Paideia classica e fede religiosa: annotazioni sul linguaggio dei carmi epigrafici tardoantichi
Authors: Agosti Gianfranco
Published: January 2016

I carmi epigrafici dell’Oriente tardoantico (fine III-VI sec. d. C.), col loro linguaggio classicistico e altamente formalizzato, sono spesso difficili da interpretare dal punto di vista della confessione religiosa. Quando infatti mancano indizi archeologici o segni esterni (come le croci), oppure il contesto non fornisce sufficienti indicazioni sulla fede dei committenti o dei laudandi, il linguaggio poetico per sua propria natura mostra una certa ‘ opacità’ e ambiguità : di conseguenza, su uno stesso testo gli studiosi hanno opinioni molto differenti sul carattere giudaico, pagano o cristiano di un testo. L’analisi minuta dimostra a) che il linguaggio classicistico spesso deve essere considerato solo un segno di sfoggio di cultura, con un valore dunque sociale e politico (specialmente negli epigrammi per i funzionari municipali o in quelli funebri) ; b) che vi sono casi in cui i testi poetici veicolano, in modo discreto, indizi di confessione religiosa, c) oppure che cercano una voluta ambiguità per rispondere alle diverse istanze di comunità multiculturali. Soprattutto a partire dalla fine del iv sec. gli epigrammi cristiani mostrano a volte quei meccanismi di imitazione e allusione ‘ contrastiva’ nei confronti della tradizione profana che si trovano anche nella poesia letteraria, rivelando dunque un atteggiamento apertamente oppositivo rispetto al paganesimo anche sul piano letterario.
Le(s) corpus rabbinique(s) : questions de clôture
Authors: Batsch Christophe
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a reflexion upon the textual and literary status of the rabbinic compendiums issued in Talmudic times, i. e., Talmud and Midrash of Classic and Late Antiquity. It aims at showing that the ‘ open’ character of rabbinic literature is by no way contradictory to the fixation of collections of authoritative texts.
Philonidès de Laodicée et le canon épicurien
Authors: Koch Piettre Renée
Published: January 2016

Une archivation précoce et précise, à Athènes, des textes des épicuriens de la première génération, paraît attestée par la mention des archontes éponymes datant les lettres citées par les papyri biographiques d’Herculanum. Le PHerc 1044, très fragmentaire, contenant une Vita de l’épicurien syrien Philonidès de Laodicée, illustre l’impact de ces archives à distance d’Athènes. L’article revient sur la mention essentielle, dans ce papyrus, d’une entreprise de collecte des oeuvres d’Epicure et de pédagogie de la doctrine par la diffusion de compendia en territoire séleucide. Cette entreprise est analysée comme un trait de canonisation du corpus épicurien initial : d’une part elle procurait un texte de référence à distance d’Athènes, d’autre part, en marge des commentaires, elle en diffusait la leçon sous forme d’extraits ou de reformulations doctrinales simplifiées. La dimension religieuse de cette catéchèse se déduit moins de la nature même de l’endoctrinement ainsi rendu possible que de ses possibles effets sur la politique des rois séleucides qu’elle paraît avoir convertis à l’épicurisme, Antiochos IV et Démétrios Ier.
Sur le statut du texte de Lycophron
Authors: Hurst André
Published: January 2016

Avec son traité perdu sur la comédie, Lycophron (IIIe siècle) a participé à l’effort de création des canons littéraires qui se déroulait dans l’Alexandrie des premiers Ptolémées. Cependant, le seul poème que nous ayons de lui dans son intégralité est l’Alexandra, monologue tragique contenant une prophétie de Cassandre et qui a valu à son auteur une réputation d’obscurité. Ce texte peut être situé en marge de la mise sur pied d’un canon des tragiques. Par opposition à des textes qui seraient des reflets d’une situation changeante et pourraient donc participer d’un processus évolutif (Denys le Périégète et l’évolution de la connaissance du monde), l’Alexandra représente une forme extrême de savoir clos. Cette forme de clôture du savoir rend nécessaires deux types d’approche qui se manifestent dans des textes générés par le texte premier : la paraphrase, qui dirait en clair ce que le texte dit en forme obscure, et le commentaire, qui peut dérouler les divers savoirs mis en oeuvre dans le texte. De surcroît, la tonalité prophétique de l’Alexandra pourrait avoir attiré ce texte dans l’orbite du canon des prophètes chez les chrétiens, comme on en trouve des indices chez Eustathe de Thessalonique.
Development of a Pitch Discrimination Screening Test for Preschool Children
Authors: Abramson Maria Kulick , Lloyd Peter J.
Published: January 2016

Background:There is a critical need for tests of auditory discrimination for young children as this skill plays a fundamental role in the development of speaking, prereading, reading, language, and more complex auditory processes. Frequency discrimination is important with regard
to basic sensory processing affecting phonological processing, dyslexia, measurements of intelligence, auditory memory, Asperger syndrome, and specific language impairment.Purpose:This study was performed to determine the clinical feasibility of the Pitch Discrimination Test (PDT) to
screen the preschool child’s ability to discriminate some of the acoustic demands of speech perception, primarily pitch discrimination, without linguistic content. The PDT used brief speech frequency tones to gather normative data from preschool children aged 3 to 5 yrs.Research Design:A
cross-sectional study was used to gather data regarding the pitch discrimination abilities of a sample of typically developing preschool children, between 3 and 5 yrs of age. The PDT consists of ten trials using two pure tones of 100-msec duration each, and was administered in an AA or AB
forced-choice response format.Study Sample:Data from 90 typically developing preschool children between the ages of 3 and 5 yrs were used to provide normative data.Data Analysis:Nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U-testing was used to examine the effects of age as a continuous
variable on pitch discrimination. The Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to determine the significance of age on performance on the PDT. Spearman rank was used to determine the correlation of age and performance on the PDT.Results:Pitch discrimination of brief tones improved significantly
from age 3 yrs to age 4 yrs, as well as from age 3 yrs to the age 4- and 5-yrs group. Results indicated that between ages 3 and 4 yrs, children’s auditory discrimination of pitch improved on the PDT. The data showed that children can be screened for auditory discrimination of pitch beginning
with age 4 yrs.Conclusions:The PDT proved to be a time efficient, feasible tool for a simple form of frequency discrimination screening in the preschool population before the age where other diagnostic tests of auditory processing disorders can be used.
A CATALOG OF GALEX ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION FROM SPECTROSCOPICALLY CONFIRMED M DWARFS*
Authors: Jones David O. , West Andrew A.
Published: January 2016

We present a catalog of Galaxy Evolution Explorer Near-UV (NUV) and Far-UV (FUV) photometry for the Palomar/MSU and SDSS DR7 spectroscopic M dwarf catalogs. The catalog contains NUV measurements matched to 577 spectroscopically confirmed M dwarfs and FUV measurements matched to 150 spectroscopically confirmed M dwarfs. Using these data, we find that NUV and FUV luminosities strongly correlate with Hα emission, a typical indicator of magnetic activity in M dwarfs. We also examine the fraction of M dwarfs with varying degrees of strong line emission at NUV wavelengths. Our results indicate that the frequency of M dwarf NUV emission peaks at intermediate spectral types, with at least ∼30% of young M4–M5 dwarfs having some level of activity. For mid-type M dwarfs, we show that NUV emission decreases with distance from the Galactic plane, a proxy for stellar age. Our complete matched source catalog is available online.
A 5 × 109 M⊙ BLACK HOLE IN NGC 1277 FROM ADAPTIVE OPTICS SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Walsh Jonelle L. , van den Bosch Remco C. E. , Gebhardt Karl , Yıldırım Akın , Richstone Douglas O. , Gültekin Kayhan , Husemann Bernd
Published: January 2016

The nearby lenticular galaxy NGC 1277 is thought to host one of the largest black holes known, however the black hole mass measurement is based on low spatial resolution spectroscopy. In this paper, we present Gemini Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrometer observations assisted by adaptive optics. We map out the galaxy's stellar kinematics within ∼440 pc of the nucleus with an angular resolution that allows us to probe well within the region where the potential from the black hole dominates. We find that the stellar velocity dispersion rises dramatically, reaching ∼550 km s−1 at the center. Through orbit-based, stellar-dynamical models we obtain a black hole mass of (4.9 ± 1.6) × 109
M
⊙ (1σ uncertainties). Although the black hole mass measurement is smaller by a factor of ∼3 compared to previous claims based on large-scale kinematics, NGC 1277 does indeed contain one of the most massive black holes detected to date, and the black hole mass is an order of magnitude larger than expectations from the empirical relation between black hole mass and galaxy luminosity. Given the galaxy's similarities to the higher redshift (z ∼ 2) massive quiescent galaxies, NGC 1277 could be a relic, passively evolving since that period. A population of local analogs to the higher redshift quiescent galaxies that also contain over-massive black holes may suggest that black hole growth precedes that of the host galaxy.
SEARCH FOR TeV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM POINT-LIKE SOURCES IN THE INNER GALACTIC PLANE WITH A PARTIAL CONFIGURATION OF THE HAWC OBSERVATORY
Authors: Abeysekara A. U. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Álvarez J. D. , Arceo R. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Solares H. A. Ayala , Barber A. S. , Baughman B. M. , Bautista-Elivar N. , Reyes A. D. Becerril , Belmont E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Bernal A. , Braun J. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Castillo M. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , León S. Coutińo de , Fuente E. de la , León C. De , DeYoung T. , Diaz Hernandez R. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Ellsworth R. W. , Enriquez-Rivera O. , Fiorino D. W. , Fraija N. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Gussert M. , Hampel-Arias Z. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hüntemeyer P. , Hui C. M. , Imran A. , Iriarte A. , Karn P. , Kieda D. , Lara A. , Lauer R. J. , Lee W. H. , Lennarz D. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longo M. , Raya G. Luis , Malone K. , Marinelli A. , Marinelli S. S. , Martinez H. , Martinez O. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Patricelli B. , Pelayo R. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Pretz J. , Ren Z. , Rivière C. , Rosa-González D. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Sinnis G. , Smith A. J. , Woodle K. Sparks , Springer R. W. , Taboada I. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Ukwatta T. N. , Villaseñor L. , Vrabel K. , Weisgarber T. , Westerhoff S. , Wisher I. G. , Wood J. , Yapici T. , Yodh G. B. , Younk P. W. , Zaborov D. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. ,   (The HAWC collaboration)
Published: January 2016

A survey of the inner Galaxy region of Galactic longitude

and latitude

is performed using one-third of the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, operated during its construction phase. To address the ambiguities arising from unresolved sources in the data, we use a maximum likelihood technique to identify point source candidates. Ten sources and candidate sources are identified in this analysis. Eight of these are associated with known TeV sources but not all have differential fluxes that are compatible with previous measurements. Three sources are detected with significances >5 σ after accounting for statistical trials, and are associated with known TeV sources.
AN MHD AVALANCHE IN A MULTI-THREADED CORONAL LOOP
Authors: Hood A. W. , Cargill P. J. , Browning P. K. , Tam K. V.
Published: January 2016

For the first time, we demonstrate how an MHD avalanche might occur in a multithreaded coronal loop. Considering 23 non-potential magnetic threads within a loop, we use 3D MHD simulations to show that only one thread needs to be unstable in order to start an avalanche even when the others are below marginal stability. This has significant implications for coronal heating in that it provides for energy dissipation with a trigger mechanism. The instability of the unstable thread follows the evolution determined in many earlier investigations. However, once one stable thread is disrupted, it coalesces with a neighboring thread and this process disrupts other nearby threads. Coalescence with these disrupted threads then occurs leading to the disruption of yet more threads as the avalanche develops. Magnetic energy is released in discrete bursts as the surrounding stable threads are disrupted. The volume integrated heating, as a function of time, shows short spikes suggesting that the temporal form of the heating is more like that of nanoflares than of constant heating.
ION INJECTION AT QUASI-PARALLEL SHOCKS SEEN BY THE CLUSTER SPACECRAFT
Authors: Johlander A. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Retinò A. , Dandouras I.
Published: January 2016

Collisionless shocks in space plasma are known to be capable of accelerating ions to very high energies through diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). This process requires an injection of suprathermal ions, but the mechanisms producing such a suprathermal ion seed population are still not fully understood. We study acceleration of solar wind ions resulting from reflection off short large-amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMSs) in the quasi-parallel bow shock of Earth using in situ data from the four Cluster spacecraft. Nearly specularly reflected solar wind ions are observed just upstream of a SLAMS. The reflected ions are undergoing shock drift acceleration (SDA) and obtain energies higher than the solar wind energy upstream of the SLAMS. Our test particle simulations show that solar wind ions with lower energy are more likely to be reflected off the SLAMS, while high-energy ions pass through the SLAMS, which is consistent with the observations. The process of SDA at SLAMSs can provide an effective way of accelerating solar wind ions to suprathermal energies. Therefore, this could be a mechanism of ion injection into DSA in astrophysical plasmas.
Validation of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) Among Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Isjanovski Viktor , Naumovska Andromahi , Bonevski Dimitar , Novotni Antoni
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: The main goal of psychiatric care is not to be focused only on reducing psychopathological symptoms, but on improvement of the patient's quality of life.AIM: To examine validation and reliability SQLS-R4 among patients with schizophrenia.METHODS: The sample consisted of 61 outpatients with schizophrenia attending the Psychiatry Hospital â€œSkopjeâ€. Inclusion criteria for subject selection were: 1) age more than 18 years, 2) clinically stable (not acutely ill or has not been recently hospitalized at least for the past 3 months). They completed SQLS-R4 and SF36 questioners.RESULTS: The internal consistency reliability was satisfactory for both the psychosocial and vitality domains (Cronbachâ€™s Î± = 0.928, 0.83). Most of the items were significantly correlated with own scale score (from 0.189 to 0.687). The average of the score for the psychosocial quality life was 39.9 Â± 8.6 (sometimes), for the cognition and vitality was 26.5 Â± 6.1 (sometimes) (SQLS-R4). There was moderate correlation between SF 36-energy with SQOLS - motivation and energy; SF 36-mental health correlation with SQOLS-psychosocial.CONCLUSION: SQLS-R4 appears to offer excellent potential as an easily administered and patient acceptable assessment and monitoring measure of quality of life (QoL). However, a principle psychometric criterion crucial to the use and validity of the instrument concerns the underlying factor structure.
Thumb Reconstruction Using Foucherâ€™s Flap
Authors: Kola Nardi
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Extensive pulp defects of the thumb, with the exposure of tendon or bone, are challenging reconstructive problems. Surgical treatment includes the use of local, regional, and free flaps.AIM: This paper is focused in Foucherâ€™s neuro vascular flap. First DMCA or Foucherâ€™s pedicle flap is a successful thumb reconstruction method, especially in patients not disturbed by its cosmetic appearance.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMCA) arises from the radial artery in the first intermetacarpal space, just distal to the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus. Pulp area of the thumb is the area where Foucherâ€™s flap is more utilizable. This technique has other applications such as first web reconstruction, thumb lengthening, and following resection of tumors on the dorsum of the hand.RESLTS: We have in study 7 cases with work related trauma in two years period of time, between 2012 and 2014. We had only one partial flap survival and all the other flaps survived entirely. We have also taken in consideration subjective satisfaction with a range score from 4 to 10, cold intolerance, flap area and donor site sensibility with a range score from low to medium to normal.CONCLUSION: Careful pedicle discovery, secured elevation, pedicle strangulation prevention are very important for flap survival.
Two newly recorded genera and species of Owlflies (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae) from China
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Xin , Sun Ming
Published: January 2016

The records of genus Bubopsis McLachlan, 1898 with species Bubopsis tancrei Weele, 1908 and the genus Nousera Navás, 1923 with species Nousera gibba Navás, 1923 have not been published in China.

The genus Bubopsis McLachlan, 1898 with species Bubopsis tancrei Weele, 1908 and the genus Nousera Navás, 1923 with species Nousera gibba Navás, 1923 are recorded for the first time from China. We provide detailed descriptions and illlustrations of specimens and the collecting information of the specimens are also provided.
Actual laser removal of black soiling crust from siliceous sandstone by high pulse repetition rate equipment: effects on surface morphology
Authors: Iglesias-Campos M. A. , Prada-Pérez J. L.
Published: January 2016

This research project studies the role of pulse repetition rate in laser removal of black soiling crust from siliceous sandstone, and specifically, how laser fluence correlates with high pulse repetition rates in cleaning practice. The aim is to define practical cleaning processes and determine simple techniques for evaluation based on end-users’ perspective (restorers). Spot and surface tests were made using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system with a wide range of pulse repetition rates (5–200 Hz), systematically analysed and compared by macrophotography, portable microscope, stereomicroscope with 3D visualizing and area roughness measurements, SEM imaging and spectrophotometry. The results allow the conclusion that for operation under high pulse repetition rates the average of total energy applied per spot on a treated surface should be attendant upon fluence values in order to provide a systematic and accurate description of an actual laser cleaning intervention.
Using Mobile Technologies for Enhancing Student Academic Experience: University of Jordan Case Study
Authors: Hassan Mohamd Hassan , Alhosban Fuad , Hourani Mou'ath
Published: January 2016

This paper presents an approach to enhance students’ engagement with their university, as well as assisting them in understanding their current academic state by using mobile technologies. This approach simplifies the presentation, awareness of university rules and regulation in regards to graduation requirements, in credit hour system, through the development of a friendly mobile environment called UniApp. A test case is presented of an interactive mobile learning (m-learning) environment in higher education institutions that adhere to university rules and regulations. Normally, students login frequently to their university account in order to use some of the provided facilities, such as marks and registered modules. However, students need to be aware of what they are studying and what learning outcome they need to achieve. They also need to be aware of how this can benefit them in completing their major, as well as having an enjoyable learning experience
Effective and Efficient Video Summarization Approach for Mobile Devices
Authors: Farouk Hesham , ElDahshan Kamal , Abozeid Amr Abd Elawed
Published: January 2016

in the context of mobile computing and multimedia processing, video summarization plays an important role for video browsing, streaming, indexing and storing. In this paper, an effective and efficient video summarization approach for mobile devices is proposed. The goal of this approach is to generate a video summary (static and dynamic) based on Visual Attention Model (VAM) and new Fast Directional Motion Intensity Estimation (FDMIE) algorithm for mobile devices. The VAM is based on how to simulate the Human Vision System (HVS) to extract the salient areas that have more attention values from video contents. The evaluation results demonstrate that, the effectiveness rate up to 87% with respect to the manually generated summary and the state of the art approaches. Moreover, the efficiency of the proposed approach makes it suitable for online and mobile applications.
Mobile Educational SMSs as Supplementary Means to Teach Sentence Paraphrasing in EMP Course
Authors: Arani Jafar Asgari
Published: January 2016

Digital media has been used to enhance language learning for decades. Since the aim of language learning is to develop communicative proficiency, using communication devices and channels that already exist in the classroom is a sensible way of exploiting opportunities for language practice. The ‘anywhere, anytime’ accessibility to educational contents that mobile SMSs, sometimes freely, offer users, means that mobile learning can extend the opportunities for study outside of the classroom. Given the importance of writing, especially for academic purposes in university, the study set a dual goal: firstly, to analyze the outcome of applying supplementary SMS activity to teach English syntax necessary to paraphrase sentences and secondly, to clarify the medical students' ideas about it. A quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test, research design was utilized to investigate the hypotheses of this study. Two groups (each 40-second year students of medicine) were randomly assigned to be the experimental and the conventional group. Both groups were taught the same syllabus materials designed for English for Medical Purposes (EMP) II course in a 17-week semester in Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The former received the SMS –based supplementary contents in a scheduled pattern of delivery two times a week to strengthen their learning while the latter only was taught in a face to face setting. An open questionnaire was used to examine students feedback towards their attitudes. The validity of the questionnaire was examined by giving to a number of professors of English language. The data were also collected and analyzed through an Attitude/ Motivation questionnaire consisting of 12 Likert-scale items, pretest& posttest, paired-samples t-tests, and one way ANOWA. The pretest and posttest data paired t-test likert-scale items analyzed results showed that differences between the experimental and control groups were statistically significant. It was found that the effect of practicing SMS on the students' English syntax learning was positive. According to the findings, students receiving the supplementary English syntax SMSs noticeably improved their sentence paraphrasing performance and acquired higher grades during the post-test than those in conventional group. Qualitative data from interviews and questionnaires indicate that students hold positive attitudes towards receiving paraphrase syntactic points via SMS. Majority of students in this pilot project considered the educational program offered to be efficient, useful and beneficial. The data gathered revealed mobile syntactic supplementary SMSs can be integrated into EMP II course to enable students to develop better English sentence paraphrasing skills. Mobile SMS; Sentence Paraphrasing; Educational Tool; English for Medical Purposes
System Design of Mobile Augmented Book
Authors: Saraubon Kobkiat , Nilsook Prachyanun , Wannapiroon Panita
Published: January 2016

Mobile technologies play an increasingly important role in education. Devices such as smart phones and tablets are becoming powerful tools in the hands for e-Learning, m-Learning and ubiquitous learning. In this paper, the authors propose analysis and design software architecture of a mobile augmented book for in-class and out-class learning. The aim is to improve the quality and usefulness of mobile learning by utilizing a physical book and a mobile device. Requirements, roles, and system architecture are discussed in terms of adaptive learning. The system architecture is based on a three-tier model; presentation tier, application logic tier and data tier. The application logic tier is comprised of four main components including 1) Profile/Registration, 2) Content/ Administration, 3) Communication 4) Quiz and 5) Report. The data tier consists of 1) Cloud Service, 2) Media Server and 3) Database. The presentation tier is designed to support all mobile devices--smart phones and tablets and all popular platforms including Android, iOS, Windows phone, Tizen, Ubuntu, Firefox and BlackBerry. JSON and Streaming media are used for the communications between the presentation tier (client devices) and the application logic tier. The data tier consists of 1) repository using cloud service and media server for storing and retrieving digital contents and 2) database for credentials, content descriptions and meta-data.
Towards a Generic Architecture for Building Modular CPS as Applied to Mobile Robotics
Authors: González-Nalda Pablo , Etxeberria-Agiriano Ismael , Calvo Isidro
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a generic architecture for the

design of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) based on

inexpensive and easily available hardware and open source

software components. . This architecture provides a

framework aimed at building CPS in a robust, flexible and

modular way. The presented architecture intends to ease the

construction of this kind of systems together with its

evolution and management.

The potential of the proposed architecture is illustrated by

means of a case study consisting of a mobile robotics

application built with low cost hardware modules modules.

There is a large community of users for these components and plenty

of related technical information is available. As a

consequence, these inexpensive components were found

suitable for being used at different application domains,

including research and education.
Trust Based Authentication Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ping Li Ru
Published: January 2016

Authentication mechanism is the basis of access control and data exchange. In wireless sensor networks, the

vulnerability of network nodes and complexity of communication protocols pose a huge challenge for designing authentication mechanism in such environment. In this paper, we study the authentication mechanism in wireless sensor networks based on trust between nodes. We use the interaction history of nodes for recommendation trust computation, and the interaction history comes from the interactions between nodes. We design a penalty mechanism for hostile nodes based on the TCP congestion control protocol, and present a loyalty based trust recommendation evaluation algorithm. Massive experiments validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Pattern-Based Conceptual Modeling of Interaction with Cyber Physical Systems
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Yu Suihuai , Wang Ning
Published: January 2016

Supported by ubiquitous, pervasive and embedded computing, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) support actors and groups by services anywhere and anytime. How users interact with CPS and the provided service is the key to success. To keep a holistic view of human-CPS interaction, we propose narratives, pattern-based diagrammatic conceptual models, and formalized conceptual models which are used for step-wise derivation of design models for distributed service infrastructures. Reusable design patterns for diagrammatic model are constructed for illustrating the human-CPS interaction processes. Finally, a use case is used to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method.
Introduction to Network Security
Authors: Anchugam C. V. , Thangadurai K.
Published: January 2016

Writing a chapter on network security is something like writing a brief introduction to flying a commercial airliner. Dissimilar, data communications of the past, today's networks incorporate varied devices that handle the data because it passes from the sender to the receiver. The first question to address is what we mean “network security”. Network security consists of the provisions and policies adopted by a network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. A generic definition of security is “freedom from risk or danger and safety”. However it is not only human errors that can cause problem to network security, problems can also be caused by natural forces like fire breakouts, earthquakes, floods lightning etc. The ways network administrators think about securing networks has been changed by an increasingly dynamic and technically challenging risk environment. Security is an assessment of risk. Secure environments are designed and developed through an intentional effort.
Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kibirige George William , Sanga Camilius A.
Published: January 2016

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of low-cost, resource-constrained sensor nodes. The constraints of the WSN which make it to be vulnerable to attacks are based on their characteristics which include: low memory, low computation power, they are deployed in hostile area and left unattended, small range of communication capability and low energy capabilities. Examples of attacks which can occur in a WSN are sinkhole attack, selective forwarding attack and wormhole attack. One of the impacts of these attacks is that, one attack can be used to launch other attacks. This book chapter presents an exploration of the analysis of the existing solutions which are used to detect and identify passive and active attack in WSN. The analysis is based on advantages and limitations of the proposed solutions.
DDoS Attacks and Their Types
Authors: Kumar Dileep
Published: January 2016

Billions of people rely on internet to discover and share ideas with the world. However, the websites are vulnerable to deliver the attacks, preventing people to access them. The recent study of global surveys showed that DDoS Attacks evolved in strategy and tactics. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a new emerging bigger threat that target organization's business critical services such as e-commerce transactions, financial trading, email or web site access. A DDoS attack is a large-scale, coordinated attack on the availability of services of a victim system or network resource, launched indirectly through many compromised computers on the Internet. To create attacks, attackers first discover vulnerable sites or hosts on the network. Then vulnerable hosts are exploited by attackers who use their vulnerability to gain access to these hosts. This chapter deals with the introduction, architecture and classification of DDoS Attacks.
Cluster-Based Countermeasures for DDoS Attacks
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Jabed Morshed , Dileep Kumar G
Published: January 2016

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is considered one of the major security threats in the current Internet. Although many solutions have been suggested for the DDoS defense, real progress in fighting those attacks is still missing. In this chapter, the authors analyze and experiment with cluster-based filtering for DDoS defense. In cluster-based filtering, unsupervised learning is used to create profile of the network traffic. Then the profiled traffic is passed through the filters of different capacity to the servers. After applying this mechanism, the legitimate traffic will get better bandwidth capacity than the malicious traffic. Thus the effect of bad or malicious traffic will be lesser in the network. Before describing the proposed solutions, a detail survey of the different DDoS countermeasures have been presented in the chapter.
Intrusion Prevention System
Authors: Panda Bijaya Kumar , Pradhan Manoranjan , Pradhan Sateesh Kumar
Published: January 2016

In the last decade, there is a rapid growth in the use of Internet by the organization for information sharing. As information is very vital to the organizations, it should be preserved and insulated from any unauthorized access or alternation. In last few years, attacks on the computer infrastructures have increased exponentially. Several information security techniques are available now a days like firewalls, anti-virus software and Intrusion prevention systems (IPSs), which are important tools for protecting an organization from intrusions. Now most attacks are impossible to defend with firewalls and anti-virus software alone. Without an IPS, such attacks are difficult to detect and prevent. This chapter presents different definitions of intrusion prevention system with meaningful explanation; compare network IPS with Host IPS, common and the advanced detection methods, common IPS components, coverage of attacks by IPS and criteria to select right IPS. Finally, this chapter concludes with an analysis of the challenges that still remain to be resolved.
Media as Political Actors in Times of Political Crisis
Authors: Santos Phillip , Ndhlovu Mthokozisi P
Published: January 2016

Political crises can (re)configure relations between the media, political institutions, actors, and processes, sometimes in unpredictable ways. By focusing on how two leading Zimbabwean daily newspapers, The Herald and NewsDay framed the controversial entrance of President Robert Mugabe's wife Grace Mugabe into active politics, the chapter assesses media - politics relations during a political crisis. The chapter uses argumentation and rhetoric analysis to analyse the stories published by the two publications in October 2014, as this was Grace Mugabe's most politically active period. It argues that during a political crisis, the media become political players that wittingly/unwittingly persuade citizens using argumentation and rhetoric to support certain political positions with real consequences in the political sphere.
Free Speech, Press Freedom, and Democracy in Ghana
Authors: Ahmad Murtada Busair , Pride Chudey , Corsy Anthony Komlatse
Published: January 2016

Theoretically portrayed as monolithic in the African communication scholarship, Ghana media system calls for a conceptual explanation of its position both as apparatus of political suppression and as a weapon of people's advocacy and liberation. Notwithstanding availability of scholarly works regarding press development in Ghana; there is the need to situate its differing roles in the contemporary democracies as a watchdog, mediator, and advocate and, ideological state apparatus within a specific theoretical context. This paper chooses exploratory method to discuss free speech, press freedom, and media ownership in Ghana, with focus on the roles of the colonialists, anti-colonial activists, post-independence democratic government, and business conglomerates. While exploring the identified subject matter, this paper discusses specific factors that affect free speech and press activities within the framework of diverse political and legal settings that operate in Ghana.
The Political Significance and Influence of Talk Radio Debates in Kenya
Authors: Omwoha Joyce
Published: January 2016

Dahlberg (2013) identifies mediated networks of daily rational debates across political divides and the imagined or actual norm that is implicit in all debates as two strands of Habermasian public sphere definitions. The ‘normative' aspect of Habermas' public sphere theory is particularly relevant to this chapter because of its wide use in the analysis of communicative practice in democratic processes (Dahlberg 2013:4). Talk radio shows, as mediated spheres identified by Dahlberg, act as public spheres for carrying out various debates. Through Dahlberg's assertion, this chapter will interrogate the concept of good governance with reference to participation by the public, transparency and accountability by the government to the public and how these aspects are likely to enhance fundamental democratic practices and their ultimate involvement in governing of the country. The chapter uses Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere to demonstrate the importance of the application of the concept in the critical appreciation of the role of talk radio in Kenya's democratization. In Kenya's public sphere, Jambo Kenya, a talk radio program aired on Radio Citizen, will be used in seeking out the role of talk radio as a public sphere. Jambo Kenya is arguably a program that acts as a relevant forum that carries out rational debates on fundamental democratic practices. These practices, as articulated in the program's themes include freedom of expression, the informed and the not- so-informed participants, right of access to public information, rule of law, checks and balances on power, human rights, and respect for minorities in the society, nationhood, citizenship, corruption and their ultimate involvement in governing of the country. To effectively investigate the content mediated by Jambo Kenya, this chapter will not only focus on the content surrounding the legitimacy of government but also the effectiveness of government by focusing on issues of abuse of power and corruption as impediments to democracy.
Communicating Democracy through Participatory Radio in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmad Murtada Busair , Babatunde Kamaldin Abdulsalam
Published: January 2016

Community media remains the only key tool that can facilitate grassroot citizens' participation in nurturing and sustaining true democracy through creating and using information content that is driven by the needs of the communities for themselves and by themselves. By so doing, the citizens partake in determining their future through developing the community and educating their people in a manner and language that they can understand. Moreover, community media enables people from different socio-cultural backgrounds within a community, to share information and exchange ideas in a positive and productive manner. This dialogue among communities can be enriched by understanding how development issues affect them; discovering what others think in other communities; and seeing what other communities have achieved. In this light, participatory radio serves as a means of developing the grassroots emancipation that will enable them to articulate their needs in alignment with the cultural and social impulses of the communities they represent through means of technology, that is, community radio. The role of community radio is heightened by the realization that traditional or orthodox practice of the commercial/mainstream media has failed in achieving some of its basic and expected functions to the society such as serving as a true watchdog of the society, especially in a fledgling democratic system. Thus, this paper undertakes a case for sustainability of community radio in a developing society with a focus on both sides of the equation (production and distribution).
Interviewing for Television
Authors: Nguri Evans Matu
Published: January 2016

An examination of television interviewing in Kenya provides an emerging sketch of its practice and theory. This Chapter considers television interviewing at three levels that it considers as prioritized by the times - interviewing at the change frontier site, interviewing on behalf of bio-change beings that Kenyans have become, and interviewing with pollen grains of theory in journalism and consequent echoes of its outcome. The Chapter considers three case studies of interviewing in Kenya - the presidential debate, live field reporting and TV opinion polls.The Chapter concludes with a sketch that also suggests certain claims - that television as a medium has not risen to its natural place because it's cameras are not focused on the space of great needs of the people particularly at the change frontier; that moving to a high value question interviewing and a treatment of interviewing as a full-fledged production is a fresh and a rich depth offer for viewers; and that the television interview is a critical forgery of rhetoric in a change thirsty society.
Media Ethics and Elections Coverage in Nigeria
Authors: Ogwezzy-Ndisika Abigail , Ibraheem Ismail Adegboyega , Faustino Babatunde Adesina
Published: January 2016

This paper examined media ethics in Nigerian using elections coverage as a lens. It focuses on the gender dimension, a fundamental factor in media and election debates; and brought to the fore the socio-political and economic factors affecting the ethical performance of journalists covering elections in Nigeria. It argues that journalist covering elections in Nigeria are operating in challenging socio-political and economic context, but are beginning to rise up to the occasion having improved on the coverage of women politicians. It concludes that despite the challenges, ethical reportage can promote gender balanced coverage of elections in Nigeria. It recommends that the media should provide platforms for engagements and give equal access to parties and candidates (both females and males); and also provide space in which freedom of expression can be exercised and alternative, dissenting, and minority voices heard.
The Role of Mass Media in Women's Participation in 2013 Kenya General Election
Authors: Okinda Thomas Ibrahim
Published: January 2016

This chapter assesses the role and performance of the Kenyan media in women's participation in 2013 Kenya general election with particular emphasis on radio, television and newspapers. Kenya has a diverse, vibrant and largely free media whose coverage of the election was useful in informing, educating and mobilizing women to vote. However, limited and biased media coverage of women candidates, inadequate civic and voter education may have inhibited women's electoral participation as few women contested and won electoral seats in the 2013 Kenyan polls. Therefore, the media should enhance the visibility of women, political rights and issues of women as the country endeavours to enhance gender equality in political representation. To achieve this, the media should partner with women, the electoral body, government, political parties and other stakeholders in Kenya in order to improve women's media coverage and political participation.
On the Relationships between Connection Modes and Workgroup Performance
Authors: Biggiero Lucio , Sevi Enrico
Published: January 2016

Notwithstanding the central place covered inside organization science and the economic theory of the firm, organization design theory still lacks sound building blocks concerning the effects that some fundamental variables have on workgroup performance. In this chapter a contribution to fill in this gap is given with reference to the relationships between connection modes and performance. In particular, through an agent-based simulation model a number of experiments have been done respect to the moderating role played by group size and task complexity. Results confirm current (but not really scientific) knowledge, and bring forth our understanding of these fundamental (and mostly nonlinear) relationships. Among the main results, it can be underlined that the best combinations between connection modes, task complexity, and workgroup size occur when complex tasks are connected by mutual adaptation and run by a small number of agents, or when less complex tasks are connected by parallel or sequential interdependence and performed by a large number of agents. Moreover, when a modules volume to be worked out is heterogeneous in terms of connection modes between module's tasks, and thus, a multi-mode group should be issued, respect to the corresponding choice of issuing specialized groups there is a general decrease in efficacy.