bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto social y económico del capital humano en las microempresas: un contraste colombiano y global
Authors: Fuentes Doria Deivi David , Fajardo Pereira Melisa Andrea , Díaz Ballesteros José Luis , Fajardo Pereira Johana Elisa
Published: December 2021

El capital humano es un factor determinante en las empresas, aunque la crisis económica y social que vive el mundo a causa del brote del coronavirus le ha producido afectaciones de gran impacto debido a las altas tasas de desempleo. Objetivo. Describir las afectaciones causadas al capital humano en las microempresas durante la emergencia social y económica a causa de la COVID-19. Metodología. La metodología se basa en unarevisión de publicaciones en la base de datos Scopus con el uso del software VOSviewer y un contraste con los reportes generados por los órganos de control en Colombia. Resultados. Los resultados muestran las principales problemáticas que vive el capital humano a nivel globalcomo son altas tasas de desempleo que aumentaron los suicidios, la recesión económica de las empresas, la afectación en la salud mental de los trabajadores y los efectos económicos por el cese de actividades. Conclusiones. Se concluye que las afectaciones a la pérdida de empleos estuvieron más concentradas en algunas actividades como el transporte de pasajeros y los servicios de turismo.
Espiritualidade nas organizações: um estudo bibliométrico dos principais sites de buscas acadêmicas do Brasil
Authors: Gonzalez Junior Ivo Pedro , Ricardo da Silva Daniel , Saraiva P. da Cruz Natannael
Published: December 2021

Existe a influência da espiritualidade nas organizações, sendo este assunto mais amplamente abordado em países desenvolvidos, O presente artigo pretende analisar através de estudo bibliométrico o que já foi escrito até o presente momento em língua portuguesa sobre espiritualidade nas organizações, mapeando as publicações devido ao crescente interesse por os positivos resultados alcançados em produtividade e satisfação no ambiente de trabalho. Foram realizadas buscas em quinze dos principais sites de buscas de artigos acadêmicos utilizados no Brasil com as palavras chave “Espiritualidade nas organizações” dos quais foram encontrados conteúdo útil para a pesquisa atual em apenas cinco deles, que são: BDTD, EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION ABSTRATIC, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, SPELL e SCIELO. Extraindo sessenta e nove (69) artigos analisados no período de 10 anos (2005-2015). Para tanto foi utilizado o estudo bibliométrico para as referidas analises quantitativas. Ao mesmo tempo em que se vê a importância do assunto nas mais diversas esferas organizacionais ainda há pouco estudo sobre o assunto em língua portuguesa, menos ainda pesquisas empíricas sobre o assunto. Fica claro que o devido tema está nos holofotes de pesquisadores do Brasil, e é fundamental que se produza artigos nesta perspectiva teórico-metológico.
La centralización y descentralización en los procesos de departamentalización: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Cabanillas Díaz Edgar José Antonio , Cárdenas Bartra Melina Patricia , Nieves Espinosa Nathaly Dallely , Oro Salvador Maily Gianella , Tirado Márquez Néstor André
Published: December 2021

La centralización y descentralización son dos términos opuestos referidos a procesos de administración y control de autoridad, por otro lado, la departamentalización es un proceso que consiste en agrupar las funciones de la empresa según la naturaleza de las actividades. Este artículo tiene como objetivos definir los conceptos de centralización, descentralización y departamentalización y analizar el impacto de ambos modelos en los procesos de departamentalización. Para el logro de los objetivos planteados, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, la cual consistió en artículos científicos de fuentes de alto impacto (Q1 y Q2), obtenidas a través de estrategias de búsqueda. A partir del análisis de la información revisada se evidenció que en las organizaciones centralizadas existe muy poco flujo de ideas, así como otros aspectos que obstaculizan la innovación y el buen desempeño, no obstante, es beneficiosa cuando se aplica en empresas pequeñas ya que la toma de decisiones es mucho más rápida. Asimismo, se obtuvo que en las organizaciones descentralizadas existe un mayor dinamismo operacional, no obstante, su aplicación en empresas incipientes no es beneficiosa pues se necesita un mayor control. A partir de lo indagado, se obtuvo que, si bien el modelo de la organización depende del tamaño de esta, la centralización posee más desventajas que la descentralización, siendo esta última la mejor manera de organización para las empresas departamentalizadas.
La inteligencia artificial y la toma de decisiones gerenciales
Authors: Diestra Quinto Nadiuska Marelyn , Cordova Villodas Alexandra Janet , Caruajulca Montero Caren Patricia , Esquivel Cueva Damaris Laura , Nina Vera Sheyla Alcira
Published: December 2021

La toma de decisiones gerenciales se ha vuelto compleja en el mundo actual, esto debido al desarrollo acelerado de la tecnología, lo que origina que los encargados de tomar las decisiones procesen grandes cantidades de información variada de forma inmediata y se enfrenten a las posibles consecuencias y riesgos inherentes de este acelerado dinamismo, ya que la información debe recopilarse e interpretarse correctamente para poder concluir en una alternativa idónea. Ante esta problemática que viven las organizaciones, la inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha vuelto un aliado ideal en la toma de decisiones, así como un posible reemplazo del gestor de decisiones humano. Así pues, el objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en identificar la relación de la IA y la toma de decisiones organizacionales. Como metodología se empleó una revisión sistemática de la literatura que permitió obtener resultados abocados a la dependencia que existe entre la IA y la toma de decisiones gerenciales, lo que está generando una automatización acelerada de los procesos en la gestión empresarial. Esto conduce a la reflexión que, a pesar de la existencia de una fuerte competencia en el mundo empresarial, que ha llevado a las empresas a buscar medios que generen una eficacia y eficiencia inmediata sin prever las posibles consecuencias, se debe orientar a obtener una relación equilibrada de la IA y la toma de decisiones.
Gestión del riesgo crediticio y el índice de morosidad en colaborares de una entidad financiera del departamento de Puno
Authors: Vilca Mamani Carmen Rosa , Torres-Miranda Julio Samuel
Published: December 2021

En los últimos tiempos la gestión de riesgo crediticio y el índice de morosidad es causa de mucha preocupación para las empresas dedicadas al rubro financiero; el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación que existe entre la Gestión del riesgo crediticio con el índice de morosidad en la empresa Mi Banco. El estudio corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental, de nivel descriptivo – correlacional y de corte transversal. Participaron 122 trabajadores de manera voluntaria y corresponde a un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico a quienes se les aplico una escala de riesgo crediticio y otra de índice de morosidad, ambos validados estadísticamente con parámetros aceptables. En base a los resultados se ha encontrado que la correlación Rho de Spearman es Rho= -0.467 lo que demuestra que la relación es negativo moderada y el p= es 0,000 menor que 0,05 de manera que se acepta la hipótesis alterna y se rechaza la hipótesis nula, por lo que se infiere que existe relación significativa entre gestión de riesgo crediticio y el índice de morosidad. Finalmente se concluye que existe una correlación directa entre ambas variables estudiadas.
The effect of phase transformations in the process of electrom-beam 3D-printing and post-built heat treatment on the peculiarities of plastic deformation and fracture of high nitrogen Cr-Mn steel
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Astafurova E.G. , Reunova K.A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Astafurov S.V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Panchenko M.Yu. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Melnikov E.V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Moskvina V.A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Maier G.G. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Rubtsov V.E. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Kolubaev E.A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS
Published: December 2021

We investigated the phase composition, plastic deformation and fracture micromechanisms of Fe-(25-26)Cr-(5-12)Mn-0.15C-0.55N (wt. %) high-nitrogen chromium-manganese steel. Obtained by the method of electron-beam 3D-printing (additive manufacturing) and subjected to a heat treatment (at a temperature of 1150°C following by quenching). To establish the effect of the electron-beam 3D-printing process on the phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of high-nitrogen steel, a comparison was made with the data for Fe-21Cr-22Mn-0.15C-0.53N austenitic steel (wt. %) obtained by traditional methods (casting and heat treatment) and used as a raw material for additive manufacturing. It was experimentally established that in the specimens obtained by additive manufacturing method, depletion of the steel composition by manganese in the electron-beam 3D-printing and post-built heat treatment contributes to the formation of a macroscopically and microscopically inhomogeneous two-phase structure. In the steel specimens, macroscopic regions of irregular shape with large ferrite grains or a two-phase austenite-ferrite structure (microscopic inhomogeneity) were observed. Despite the change in the concentration of the basic elements (chromium and manganese) in additive manufacturing, a high concentration of interstitial atoms (nitrogen and carbon) remains in steel. This contributes to the macroscopically heterogeneous distribution of interstitial atoms in the specimens - the formation of a supersaturated interstitial solid solution in the austenitic regions due to the low solubility of nitrogen and carbon in the ferrite regions. This inhomogeneous heterophase (ferrite-austenite) structure has high strength properties, good ductility and work hardening, which are close to those of the specimens of the initial high-nitrogen austenitic steel used as the raw material for additive manufacturing.
Analytical solution of the Duffin - Kemmer - Petiau equation for the sum of the Manning - Rosen and the Yukawa class potential
Authors:   Baku State University, Aslanova S.M.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an analytical bound-state solution to the Duffin - Kemmer - Petiau equation for the new putative combined Manning - Rosen and Yukawa class potentials. Using the developed scheme to approximate and overcome the difficulties arising in the centrifugal part of the potential, the bound-state solution of the modified Duffin - Kemmer - Petiau equation is found. Analytical expressions of energy eigenvalue and the corresponding radial wave functions are obtained for an arbitrary value of the orbital quantum number l . Also, eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. It is shown that energy levels and eigenfunctions are quite sensitive to the choice of radial and orbital quantum numbers.
Statistical estimates of the effect of the sea water scattering phase function on the characteristics of airborne hydrooptical lidar signals
Authors:   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lisenko A.A. , Shamanaev V.S. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The effect of the scattering phase functions of sea water types by the Petzold classification on the characteristics of signals of an airborne lidar is investigated using the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that for pure and coastal waters, the single scattering approximation is applicable for solving the laser sensing equation. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in the closed numerical experiment, the method of reconstruction of the extinction coefficient of lidar signals by pure and coastal sea waters in the mixing water layer is proposed and substantiated. The obtained results can be used to expand the possibilities of lidar signal interpretation, especially in complex and ambiguous situations.
Formation of excess atomic volume and its role in the processes of fracture of nickel single crystal
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Kryzhevich D.S. , Korchuganov A.V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Zolnikov K.P. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS
Published: December 2021

Molecular dynamics simulation of crack propagation peculiarities in a nickel single crystal under uniaxial tension along the cubic direction was carried out. It was found that at room temperature regions with excess atomic volume are formed near the tips of the opening crack. Subsequently nanopores are formed in these areas which then merge with the crack stimulating high-speed opening. It is shown that if dislocations begin to form at the crack tip in a region with an increased atomic volume the crack propagation velocity in this direction significantly decreases.
Evolution of the structure and grain boundary ensemble of nickel during diffusion annealing under conditions of a segregating impurity (silver) along grain boundaries
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Naydenkin E.V. , Mishin I.P. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS
Published: December 2021

Investigations of the effect of an impurity (silver) segregating along the grain boundaries of nickel on the evolution of the structure and grain-boundary ensemble under conditions of diffusion annealing at a temperature of 823 K for 6 hours have been carried out. It is shown that, under these conditions, the development of a diffusion-induced recrystallization (DIR) process is observed in the Ni(Ag) system, in contrast to the Ni(Cu) system, in which the process of diffusion-induced grain boundary migration (DIGM) was observed. The estimates made have shown that a possible reason for the fact that diffusion-induced migration of grain boundaries practically does not occur in the Ni(Ag) system can be significantly lower than in the Ni(Cu) system the value of osmotic pressure as the driving force for the DIGM process.
The interrelation between physical and mechanical properties of the polymeric composite and fractal dimension of structural elements its surface
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Surikov Val.I. , Rogachev E.A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Lasitsa A.M. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: December 2021

The paper shows the promising use of the "fractal dimension" parameter for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the surface structure of samples based of micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The interrelation of this parameter with some mechanical characteristics of polymeric composite material PTFE-3%tu121 is investigated.
Deformation and fracture of high-entropy AlCoCrFeNi alloy
Authors:   Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Ivanov Yu.F. , Gromov V.E. ,   Siberian State Industrial University, Osintsev K.A. ,   Siberian State Industrial University; Samara National Research University, Konovalov S.V. ,   Siberian State Industrial University; Samara National Research University, Panchenko I.A. ,   Siberian State Industrial University, Chen Xizhang ,   Siberian State Industrial University; Wenzhou University
Published: December 2021

Using wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)technology in an atmosphere of argon gas a non - equatomic high entropy alloy (HEA) of AlCoCrFeNi system is obtained: Al (35.67±1.34 at%), Ni (33.79±0.46 at%), Fe (17.28±1.83 at%), Cr (8.28±0.15 at%), Co (4.99±0.09 at%). Scanning electron microscopy method revealed that HEA is a polycrystal material having the grain size (4-15) µm with the particles of second phase located along the grain boundaries. Mapping methods showed that grain volumes are enriched in aluminum and nickel, while grain boundaries contain chromium and iron. Cobalt is distributed in the crystal lattice of the resulting HEA quasi-uniformly. It is shown that during tensile tests, the material was destroyed by the mechanism of intra-grain cleavage. The formation of brittle cracks along the boundaries and at the junctions of grain boundaries, i.e., in places containing inclusions of the second phases, is revealed. It was suggested that one of the reasons for the increased brittleness of HEA, is revealed uneven distribution of elements in the microstructure of the alloy and also the presence in the volume of material discontinuities of various shapes and sizes.
Extruded material based on Bi0.85Sb0.15 for thermoelectric converters
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Economic University (UNEC), Tagiyev M.M. ,   Institute of Physics of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Abdinova G.D. ,   Institute of Physics of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Barkhalov B.Sh. ,   Institute of Physics of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

In order to create a sufficiently strong material with thermo- and magneto-thermoelectric figure of merit close to single-crystal samples of material based on Bi-Sb systems, extruded samples of Bi0.85Sb0.15 solid solution were obtained and the effect of composition, heat treatment mode, grain size and tellurium impurities was investigated on their thermoelectric properties in the temperature range ~ 77-300 K and magnetic field strength H up to ~ 74∙104A/m. We managed to obtain extruded material with thermo- and magneto-thermoelectric figure of merit ~6.2∙10-3 K-1 and ~7.2∙10-3K-1 at ~ 77 K, respectively, with strengths ~ 3 times higher than the strength of single-crystal samples of this composition, which are suitable for use in low-temperature thermoelectric converters.
Possible structure of a local space-time of charged fermions
Authors:   Moscow State University of Technology ", Krechet V.G. ,   STANKIN", Oshurko V.B. ,   Moscow State University of Technology "STANKIN"; Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Baidin A.E. ,   Moscow State University of Technology "STANKIN"
Published: December 2021

In the framework of general relativity, the properties of the local space-time of fermions with an electric charge are considered. It is known that the Dirac spinor field acts locally, as a contact spin-spin interaction of the gravitational and spinor fields and that may lead to some specific properties of spacetime structure. It is shown that this interaction causes real rotation of particles with spin ħ /2. It was found that this rotation is a source of intrinsic magnetic moment for electrically charged particles. As it was found, in this case the local spacetime of charged particles can have the spacetime structure of a passable «wormhole».
Method for determining the formation constants of intermolecular H-bonding from IR spectroscopy data
Authors:   Tajik National University (Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan), Mulloev N.U. , Lavrik N.L. ,   V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Yusypova J.O. ,   Tajik National University, Majidov N.A. ,   Tajik National University
Published: December 2021

An experimental method is proposed for determining the efficiency of the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds by determining the formation constant of the H-complex (K). The essence of the experiment to determine the value of K is that for one initial concentration of the proton donor, it is necessary to register the change in the optical density at the absorption wavelength of the monomers and the change in the optical density of the complexes of IR absorption bands at two concentrations of the proton acceptor. This approach was tested on the example of the interaction of butyl alcohol (proton donor) with 4-chloromethyl-1.3-dioxolane (proton acceptor). The obtained value of the equilibrium constant was 72.2 M-1. It is concluded that the proposed method for determining the value of K can be used not only in IR, but also in UV-visible spectroscopy.
A.V. Dukhnovych and His Cultural and Educational Activities
Authors:   Sumy State A.S. Makarenko Pedagogical University (Sumy, Ukraine), Snahoshchenko V.V.
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the multifaceted research, theoretical, and practical activities of A.V. Dukhnovych (1803–1865) – a talented poet, prose writer, publicist, historian, ethnographer, playwright, teacher, publisher, a well-known “Buditel’” (i.e. awakener) of the Carpathian people. The author studies and describes Dukhnovych’s creative heritage to define the main directions of his cultural and educational activities in the fields of philosophy, history, geography, pedagogy, socio-culture, linguistics, theology, ethnography, agriculture, phytotherapy, etc. Dukhnovich was a convinced traditional educator, who sincerely believed that education can significantly alleviate the plight of the masses. He founded educational societies, organized more than 70 elementary schools, published textbooks, almanacs, calendars. He supported several gymnasiums in Subcarpathian Rus, where teaching was conducted in Russian. Dukhnovich established a scholarship fund for poor pupils and students, organized free cafeterias, etc. The analysis of his epistolary, autobiographical materials, and works of fiction provide an insight into the socio-political and cultural life of the Rusins in the middle of the 19th century. Dukhnovich’s creative heritage includes the first “Primer” for public schools (“Reading Book for Beginners” (1847)); the first textbooks on geography (“A Short Landpiece for Young Rusins” (1851)); history (“General History for Young Rusins” (1851), “The True History of the Carpathossians, or Hungarian Rusins” (1853)); the ethnographic work “On the Peoples of the Extreme or Ugric Carpathians, living near the Beskid in the Zemplínska, Uzhhorod and Sharisha capitals” (1848); “Abridged Grammar of the Written Russian language” (1853); “Folk Pedagogy for the Benefit of Rural Teachers” (1857), which was the first textbook on pedagogy in Western Ukraine published in Lvov; “Menology” (1850, 1851, 1854, 1857), other teaching manuals, articles, poetic works, dumas, and plays. His poem “Vruchanie” became the national anthem of Ugrian Rus. As a democratic educator, he convinced many that the active national and cultural life of the Rusins fully depends on the dissimination of education among the people to bring up the younger generation in the vein of virtue and national dignity. By his personal example, Dukhnovich lead people to spiritual dimensions and influences the worldview and patriotism of the intelligentsia in Subcarpathian Rus. He made a significant contribution to the education of the people, laid the foundations for many cultural and educational societies in Subcarpathian Rus in the 19th century and later – not only in his native land, but also far beyond its borders.
Carpatho-Ukraine’s Defeat as a Precursor of WWII Part 2
Authors:   Institute of World History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Kudriachenko A.I.
Published: December 2021

The author emphasizes that the growing national self-identification and selfawareness of the Ukrainians, the political balance of powers at the turn of 1938– 1939 in Czechoslovakia and the international arena were significant factors in the state aspirations of the residents of the Transcarpathian region. At the same time, the processes of autonomization, formation, and liquidation of Carpatho-Ukraine were determined not only by its socio-economic position, but also by the latent diplomatic and geopolitical confrontation. The establishment of Carpatho-Ukraine was associated with the military confrontation and, for the first time, was accompanied not only by a number of military operations, but also by the massive heroism of its defenders, who opposed the invaders. According to the current definitions, all this constituted the hybrid war, which became the harbinger and real percursor of the Second World War.
Critical Review: A Review of the Studies About the Usage of Social Media During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Espanha Rita
Published: December 2021

Since the coronavirus disease (covid-19) was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization in January 2020, it has led to the loss of millions of human lives and a global economic recession. Recently, there has been a recognized need for effective health communication via social media to deliver accurate information and promote pertinent behavioral change. Thus, this study provides a systematic review to explore what has been done, what conflicts exist, and what knowledge gap remains in terms of social media use during the covid-19 wave, indicating relevant communication strategies. This research is based on 76 relevant papers taken from searches on the Web of Science and Google Scholar. The analysis revealed that much of the literature confirms the positive effect of social media on information propagation and promotion of precautions in the control of covid-19. The spreading of rumors, especially about government performance, in social media is clearly of increasing concern. Currently, heated debate continues about the association between exposure to social media and public mental health. Another fiercely debated question is whether rumors are shared more widely than fact-checking information. Up to date, far too little attention has been paid to information disparities and vulnerable groups on social media.
Em Quem Confiam os Portugueses? A Gestão da Comunicação Governamental na Pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Gonçalves Gisela , Piñeiro-Naval Valeriano , Persici Toniolo Bianca
Published: December 2021

Numa situação de emergência sanitária, o grau de cumprimento público das ordens governamentais das autoridades de saúde pode afetar grandemente o curso da pandemia. Partindo do pressuposto que o (in)cumprimento das recomendações das autoridades está diretamente ligado à confiança nas fontes de informação, neste artigo, discutimos o caso concreto da comunicação governamental de Portugal durante o início da segunda vaga da doença. No contexto de uma investigação internacional da rede European Public Relations Education and Research Association Com-Covid, foi aplicado um inquérito online a 460 cidadãos portugueses entre 7 de outubro e 11 de novembro de 2020. Para este trabalho analisamos uma secção do inquérito com questões relativas às fontes de informação que inspiram maior confiança junto da população portuguesa e à opinião dos portugueses sobre a gestão da comunicação do governo. Os inquéritos foram codificados e inseridos no software estatístico SPSS. O estudo concluiu que sobressai uma perceção positiva sobre a comunicação governamental entre os inquiridos, mas que os portugueses consideram os atores do campo da saúde fontes de informação mais confiáveis do que os media ou as autoridades governamentais. Em relação à questão de género, concluiu-se que as mulheres confiam mais no governo e que têm também melhor opinião sobre a comunicação das autoridades. No que concerne à idade, verificou-se serem os jovens quem mais confia nas autoridades e nos media, ao mesmo tempo que são os mais críticos do desempenho do governo na gestão comunicacional da crise. De maneira geral, os inquiridos demonstraram pouca confiança nas redes sociais digitais e nos influenciadores digitais como fonte de informação sobre a covid-19, sendo que quanto maior é o grau académico menor é a confiança dos inquiridos nos influencers e nas redes sociais digitais.
O Impacto da Covid-19 no Jornalismo: Um Conjunto de Transformações em Cinco Domínios
Authors: Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: December 2021

O surto da covid-19 é um acontecimento altamente perturbador na nossa sociedade e as suas consequências têm afetado diferentes domínios sociais. O nosso objetivo é analisar o seu impacto no jornalismo de uma forma multidisciplinar e abrangente. Pretendemos identificar as principais alterações e mudanças que o surto do coronavírus provocou. A metodologia baseia-se na técnica da análise qualitativa de dados secundários, tendo como referência o caso da Espanha durante o primeiro período da pandemia. Os resultados permitem a identificação de efeitos positivos e negativos em cinco áreas: consumo de notícias, modelos de negócio, condições de trabalho, desinformação e relações com os atores políticos. Estas descobertas revelam que o covid-19 tem tido um impacto considerável no jornalismo. Esta incidência é ambivalente, pois tem efeitos tanto positivos como negativos que afectam diferentes aspectos deste domínio. O aumento do consumo de notícias e a promoção de novos formatos e produtos informativos, tais como infografias ou boletins informativos, são as principais consequências positivas. Por outro lado, o enfraquecimento dos modelos de negócio devido à redução das receitas publicitárias, a deterioração das condições de trabalho dos jornalistas, o reforço dos mecanismos de controlo político sobre os meios de comunicação, e o aumento da desinformação são os principais efeitos negativos.
Teorias da Conspiração em Tempos de Pandemia Covid-19: Populismo, Media Sociais e Desinformação
Authors: Ferreira Gil Baptista
Published: December 2021

As plataformas de media sociais são há muito reconhecidas como grandes disseminadoras de desinformação sobre saúde. Estudos anteriores encontraram uma associação positiva entre a utilização dos media sociais como fonte principal de informação e a aceitação de formas de desinformação, como teorias da conspiração. Encontra-se ainda descrita a associação entre atitudes populistas e a valorização da informação através dos media sociais. A partir de um questionário aplicado a 242 respondentes após o primeiro estado de emergência da pandemia da covid-19 (março de 2020), em Portugal, o presente estudo possui como objetivo identificar antecedentes e pré-requisitos da crença em desinformação. Os dados obtidos sugerem que indivíduos com sentimentos populistas possuem menor confiança em estratégias institucionais de combate à pandemia, privilegiam os media sociais como fonte de informação e revelam uma maior aceitação de teorias da conspiração sobre a doença. A ligação, documentada na literatura, entre crença em teorias da conspiração e comportamentos de risco, recomenda a adoção de medidas de combate aos fatores de desinformação.
Informação Televisiva de Prime Time e Estratégias de Comunicação em Tempo de Pandemia
Authors: Martins Carla , Cunha Isabel Ferin , Cabrera Ana
Published: December 2021

A pandemia de covid-19, declarada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde a 11 de março de 2020, teve um impacto imediato no quotidiano das sociedades globalizadas. No ocidente, a doença desafiou a democracia e as liberdades individuais e cívicas, ao mesmo tempo que demonstrou a centralidade do Estado e dos governos na gestão da crise. Para a concretização das orientações emanadas pelos responsáveis políticos, foram centrais as estratégias e dispositivos comunicacionais de executivos governamentais e autoridades sanitárias, assim como a sua capacidade para influenciar a agenda dos media dominantes. Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre as estratégias de comunicação utilizadas pelo governo português na gestão da crise e os seus reflexos na cobertura jornalística televisiva, analisada a partir de um estudo empírico que incide sobre os 3 primeiros meses da propagação do vírus em Portugal. Utiliza-se uma metodologia de análise de conteúdo, quantitativa e qualitativa, com base em categorias unívocas pré-determinadas sistematizadas no programa Excel. Inicia-se a exposição apresentando alguns elementos de enquadramento político, social e comunicacional que envolvem o desenrolar da pandemia ao longo do ano de 2020, no mundo e em Portugal. Em seguida, sintetizam-se tendências e estratégias de comunicação de organizações internacionais e nacionais. Por fim, os resultados da análise empírica são apresentados, discutidos e interpretados da perspetiva das estratégias de comunicação das instituições de saúde pública sobre a cobertura jornalística da pandemia.
How Schoolmates Affect Your Chances of Getting into College: School Socioeconomic Composition and Inequality in Access to Higher Education
Authors: Kersha Yuliya
Published: December 2021

The problem of socioeconomic inequalities in Russian education takes on particular significance in the context of massification and increasingly differential quality of higher education. Relevant research is mostly focused on individual student characteristics and regional aspects. Less often, researchers’ attention is attracted to school factors, such as school socioeconomic composition (SEC) — one of the most powerful school predictors of student achievement. The effect of school composition on students’ educational trajectories remains underinvestigated, although higher education is more important for life chances than school achievement. In the present study, Russian data (the Higher School of Economics’ project Trajectories in Education and Careers) is used for the first time to measure the effect of school SEC on educational choices and chances of getting into college. This effect is analyzed successively for key decisions and outcomes at every stage of long-term educational trajectories. Analysis is performed with due regard to the specifics of Russian education and the sorting of students into the academic and hybrid tracks in pursuit for college degrees. School composition is found to be positively associated with proceeding from middle to high school, obtaining a college degree, and pursuing a Master’s degree. The largest influence of school SEC on college enrollment is observed for students who enroll in vocational studies after middle school. The compositional effect is extremely robust and persists even when student achievement and family characteristics are controlled for. Adding school SEC to the model offsets the effect of individual socioeconomic status on the likelihood of going to college, which means that exclusion of SEC from analysis may lead to invalid inferences in educational research. The effects detected cannot be explained by differences in achievement, so it would be reasonable to explore the social mechanisms behind the compositional effect in further research. School desegregation measures suggested on the basis of prior findings may turn out to be hasty and overly drastic in practice.
Age and Gender Differences and the Contribution of School Size and Type in the Prevalence of Bullying
Authors: Ivaniushina Valeria , Khodorenko Darya , Alexandrov Daniil
Published: December 2021

This article looks into methodological issues in the assessment of bullying, providing cross-national bullying statistics and discussing the possible causes of essential variation in prevalence rate estimates. Individual- and school-level characteristics of bullying are described based on the results of a large-scale representative survey of school students (201 schools, 18 433 students) in Kaluga Oblast (Russia). Our findings show that 15.3% of all students in grades six through nine become victims of bullying during the school year, which is in line with the data obtained in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC), a WHO cross-national study, carried out on a nationally representative sample in Russia. In the age cohort analyzed, prevalence of bullying is the highest (19.4%) among sixth-graders and the lowest (11.1%) among ninth-graders. Girls and boys are bullied at approximately the same frequency, but boys are exposed more to physical abuse while girls are more likely to be victimized verbally and socially. Prevalence rates of bullying behavior vary dramatically across schools, from 0 to 40% of students in a school being exposed to bullying during the school year, yet the prevalence of bullying is unrelated to schools’ structural characteristics (type, urban/rural, size, socioeconomic status). The relationship between school climate and bullying is discussed in the article, and further avenues of research are outlined.
Learning Analytics in MOOCs as an Instrument for Measuring Math Anxiety
Authors: Dyulicheva Yulia
Published: December 2021

In this paper, math anxiety descriptions are extracted from Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) reviews using text mining techniques. Learners’ emotional states associated with math phobia represent substantial barriers to learning mathematics and acquiring basic mathematical knowledge required for future career success. MOOC platforms accumulate big sets of educational data, learners’ feedback being of particular research interest. Thirty-eight math MOOCs on Udemy and 1,898 learners’ reviews are investigated in this study. VADER sentiment analysis, k-means clustering of content with negative sentiment, and sentence embedding based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) language model allow identifying a few clusters containing descriptions of various negative emotions related to bad math experiences in the past, a cluster with descriptions of regrets about missed opportunities due to negative attitudes towards math in the past, and a cluster describing gradual overcoming of math anxiety while progressing through a math MOOC. The constructed knowledge graph makes it possible to visualize some regularities pertaining to different negative emotions experienced by math MOOC learners.
On the Current Trends in Math Olympiad Training for School Students
Authors: Agakhanov Nazar , Marchukova Olga , Podlipskii Oleg
Published: December 2021

The evolution of math Olympiad training for school students in Russia since the second half of the 20th century is analyzed in this article in the context of sociocultural transformations and changes in the post-industrial society’s didactic knowledge. A retrospective analysis of a large body of empirical data (organization charts and content of the All-Union and All-Russia Mathematical Olympiads for school students in 1974–2021 and the International Mathematical Olympiads in 1994–2020) reveals trends in the development of the mathematical Olympiad movement, in particular changes in the network infrastructure of mathematical Olympiads, objectives and content of Olympiad problems, Olympiad material design practices, and value-and-meaning orientations of math Olympiads. Accordingly, new approaches are proposed to prepare school students for math competitions. Analysis of changes allows substantiating the insufficiency of the “cognitive-reproductive” method of school student training widely applied both in Russia and beyond, which is based on a thematic principle of selecting problems by content and demonstrating examples of their solving to students. This method does not conform to the objectives of contemporary math competitions. Today, it is important to find and recognize the potential for mathematical creativity in solving problems within multidisciplinary professional spheres. The goal of modern Olympiad training is not only to teach school students a system of problem-solving procedures but also to promote their ability to identify the semantic structure of problems in order to pick adequate solving strategies. The assumption that Olympiad math problems can be classified by the logic of their solutions is supported by a relevant taxonomy of Olympiad math problem solving techniques.
The Structure and Activities of Student Representative Bodies in Modern Russian Universities
Authors: Efimov Dmitry
Published: December 2021

One of the key objectives in higher education governance today is to establish mechanisms for effective student representation. This paper, based on a study of the practices of 50 leading Russian universities — federal universities, national research universities, Project 5–100 universities, and universities included in the QS World University Rankings as of summer–fall 2020 — reveals and summarizes the key practices of university student representation (often referred to as student self-governance) existing in Russia at the turn of the 2020s. The following origins of institutional arrangements for student representation are identified: academic units, thematic clubs, student unions, dormitories, and personal teams of student leaders. The major types of student representation activities analyzed in the article include participation in shared governance, provision of information to other students and engagement in public interactions with them, and organization of mass cultural events for students. Most often, functions associated with shared university governance are restricted to formal membership in university boards and fulfillment of federal law requirements regarding local regulations and disciplinary action, rather than actual representation of students’ interests in university decision making on educational, social, and scholarship issues. Therefore, the governance agenda of student representatives is shaped much more by universities and their administrators than by students themselves.
Informal Student Groups in the Context of the COVID‑19 Pandemic
Authors: Zemtsov Dmitry , Yaskov Ilya
Published: December 2021

Informal student groups in Far Eastern Federal University exhibited significant activity and received essential support from the university administrators during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Since the pandemic burst out, the number of informal student groups known to administrators has only increased, counterintuitively. Our findings show that the value of informal student groups for participants in the educational process is comparable to that of formal education programs, although participation in such groups is not part of any formal requirements or explicit societal demands. A series of interviews was conducted with members of informal student groups (a volunteer community, a group of medical volunteers, associations of engineering and information technology students), faculty members, and administrators. Analysis of interview transcripts shows that informal student groups can be considered valuable in the university corporation as a way of entering a profession, as a response to the implicit societal demand for “maturity” and agency development in students, and as a means of “appropriating” the learning environment and becoming a member of the university corporation. At the same time, a number of respondents perceive self-organization within student groups as generally and intrinsically valuable. Our findings show that informal student groups have an unspoken value in themselves, supported by an equally unspoken societal demand for “collectivist education”, which is yet to be discussed.
Systematization and Classification of the European Union’s policy Instruments for the Implementation of the Green Dealсис
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Popova Irina
Published: December 2021

In 2019, the new European Commission (EC) presented its vision for climate and environmental transformation in Europe and beyond in its communication on the Green Deal. The Green Deal covers all sectors of the economy, elaborates a new concept for economic growth with climate goals at its centre, and implies a review of current EU climate and climate-related policies. An analysis of the instruments for the Green Deal’s implementation and internationalization and their classification and systematization shows a wider picture of the whole complex of available and suggested new policy tools. It also clarifies the role of each of the initiatives and assesses more precisely their importance and potential for influencing the global climate agenda and relations with the Russian Federation. The analysis further reveals the balance of costs and benefits for the sectors and actors involved. The purpose of this study is to systematize the complex of the Green Deal’s implementation instruments and assess the balance of various measures in the EU’s menu of policy options. The EU’s influence on the global agenda and the interests of other countries, including Russia, is not limited to the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), which was widely covered and analyzed as a never before applied trade and climate policy tool with potential to influence global competition. Upcoming new rules to enter the European market, including through sustainable product requirements, could affect the interests of other countries even more. This influence will also be amplified by the regulatory frameworks and rules on emerging markets, such as for climate-neutral technologies and energy sources. Analysis of the initiatives suggests that the measures may be quite burdensome, especially for citizens, while the system of redistribution and compensation is not yet sufficiently developed in terms of financing and administration. Some initiatives significantly increase the transaction and administrative costs for all market participants (exporters, importers, European companies, and consumers) with fairly limited emissions reductions on a global scale. Despite these drawbacks, the Green Deal remains the most comprehensive, elaborate, detailed and ambitious initiative aimed at reaching the net-zero target. Other actors have their own reasoning for tougher climate policy, but the influence and pressure of the Deal increases the ambition of their goals and encourages them to consider the implementation of various policy options, including strict carbon regulation. Therefore, the new EU policy could become a model to identify the best solutions and practices, as well as a catalyst for global climate transition.
Contingent liabilities of public-private partnerships (PPPS) in Russia and BRICS countries: assessment and risk mitigation mechanisms
Authors:   Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, Krasnopeeva Natalia
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the assessment of the conditional liabilities of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and measures to reduce the risks associated with them. First, a quantitative assessment of the contingent liabilities of PPP projects at the federal level is carried out. Contingent liabilities for public-private partnership projects are estimated to amount to 2.3 trillion roubles for the period 2021–52. Second, the experience of creating a system for managing the contingent liabilities of PPPs in Russia and the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is summarized. This analysis shows that each of the BRICS countries has a legislative and technical framework for managing fiscal liabilities, but does not use it to the fullest extent. Consequently, to improve functioning it is necessary to regularly update, fill in, and expand the number of available financial indicators for PPP projects. Of the BRICS countries, South Africa is characterized by the most complete and transparent system for managing PPP-related contingent liabilities, but Russia could use some of the measures implemented in other BRICS countries to improve its own system, including the creation of a guarantee fund (Brazil), a system for operational project evaluation (India) and the practice of project approval by the fiscal authority (China).