bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phason Engineering for Topological Wave Steering
Authors: Prodan Emil V
Published: December 2021

A general principle discovered by Jean Bellissard says that every aperiodic pattern has an intrinsic global degree of freedom that lives on a topological space called the hull of a pattern. This concept generalizes the notion of phason found in the physics literature on quasicrystals. In this talk, I will describe various ways to characterize and compute the hull of quasi-periodic patterns (i.e. aperiodic perturbations of periodic lattices) and then I will turn to problem of generating patterns with prescribed hulls, a process that I call phason engineering. Specifically, I will describe the main philosophy and supply a very general algorithm that produces phason spaces that are d-tori with d arbitrarily large. If discrete resonators are placed according to such a pattern, I will show that the hull augments the physical space, hence opening a door to the physic of the Integer Quantum Hall Effect in arbitrary dimensions. In the second part, I will demonstrate laboratory implementations of the ideas with mechanical and acoustic metamaterials that exhibit 2D and 4D IQHE physics. Among these examples, is the first un-assisted dynamical edge-to-edge Thouless pumping achieved in a laboratory.
EFL Teachers' Attitudes towards the Effectiveness of Metacognitive Strategies Used by High School Students
Authors: Garmabi Hanieh , Zareian Gholamreza
Published: December 2021

In any educational program, the most influential factor affecting the students’ level of improvement  is the teacher (Rama, 2011). Indeed, the teacher is assigned such an importance that his/her attitude is important for improving educational process and more influential than a teacher‘s knowledge (Xu, 2012). Hence, this study intends to examine the teachers' attitude towards the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies used by high school students. To achieve the study goals, 100 teachers who taught English at different high schools of three Cities of Iran were asked to complete 34 item thesis questionnaire which investigated the teachers' attitude toward the effectiveness of metacognitive strategy use while reading a text. The results of statistical analysis indicated that while male and female teachers have the same attitude about reading and post-reading metacognitive strategies, they have significantly different attitudes about pre-reading metacognitive strategies. The results offer implications and suggestions for the pedagogical considerations within the school and even at university contexts.
Implementation of cooperative learning With group investigation model to improve learning Achievement of vocational school students in indonesia
Authors: Sangadji Sopiah
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the application of group investigation learning model in improving learning achievement of vocational school students in Indonesia. This research used qualified approach and applied classroom action. Subjects were students of first year of Sales Skills Program Vocational School in Malang Indonesia. Data collection techniques used were: in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, literature studies and tests. Data analysis technique used interactive technique. The results showed that: learning model group investigation has been carried out properly and vocational students have better learning achievement. Investigation group learning model can improve learning achievement of vocational school students.
YIELD AND QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PUMPKIN VARIETIES GROWN IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Zubkova T.V. , Zakharov V.L. ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: December 2021

The content of biologically active substances in fruit and vegetable products is an important parameter for de-termining the possibility of their use in the processing in-dustry. The research goal was to evaluate the yields and analyze the biochemical composition of different varieties of pumpkin grown in the forest-steppe of the Central Cher-nozem Region. It was found that of the studied pumpkin varieties, the maximum yields under these conditions were obtained from Seraya volzhskaya (12.7 t ha) and Zhem-chuzhina (9.3 t ha) varieties. The study of pulp chemical composition revealed that in terms of the content of caro-tene and P-active flavonols giving the brightest orange color to the pulp the variety Golosemyanka was the leading one. In terms of yield, this variety showed the medium indi-ces among the studied varieties -6.9 t ha. A fruit of this variety revealed the following content levels: carotene -20.24 mg %, ascorbic acid -20.24 mg %, and dry solids -7.4%. The Golosemyanka variety also revealed good or-ganoleptic indices. The pulp had a light orange color; the seeds lacked the usual hard shells. Therefore, the Golosemyanka variety may be recommended for use in the production of vegetable puree that will be characterized by high content of biologically active substances.
CHERNOZEMMOISTUREREGIMEFORMATIONUNDERSEA-BUCKTHORNPLANTATIONSANDITSREGULATION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Makarychev S.V.
Published: December 2021

The features of soil hydrothermal regimes are deter-mined by such variables as dispersion, density, tempera-ture, moisture content, porosity and humus content. The most important index is soil moisture content which is sub-ject to significant fluctuations during the growing season. In terms of particle-size distribution, chernozem belongs to medium loams represented mainly by fine sand, coarse dust and silt. The number of water-stable aggregates measuring 0.25-0.01 mm is more than 90% of the total amount. The density of chernozem increases down the soil profile; in terms of organic content, it is low in humus. In the spring of 2012, after a dry winter, a small amount of melt water got into the soil. In April and May, the total soil mois-ture storage in the upper 20 cm layer of chernozem was insignificant. In June, the moisture storage continued to decline, but after the rain in the first ten-days of July, it in-creased to 44 mm. Nevertheless, already at the beginning of August, the drying up of the humus horizon was ob-served, and it lasted to September. In 2013, after snow-melt, the moisture content in the humus-accumulative hori-zons of chernozem was one and a half times higher than the minimum moisture capacity. Nevertheless, already in June, a water deficit arose in the arable horizon of the chernozem. This required irrigation with an irrigation rate of 450 t ha. In general, one-meter layer of chernozem con-tained more than 100 mm of productive moisture, i.e. mois-ture storage was “good.” But the summer period was poorly supplied with heat. Moisture deficit during the growing sea-son persisted only in the humus-accumulative horizons but since the underlying horizons contained a large amount of moisture, sea buckthorn plants had the opportunity to use it due to capillary recharge of the upper soil layers participat-ing in moisture transfer
FASCIOLIASIS EPIZOOTOLOGY AND PATHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN CATTLE IN THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Ponamarev N.M. , Tikhaya N.V. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University, Tkachenko L.V. ,   Altai State Agricultural University, Fedorova G.A. ,   Altai State Agricultural University
Published: December 2021

Fascioliasis in cattle continues to cause significant eco-nomic damage to cattle breeding in the Region due to de-creased weight gains of infested young animals and milk yields in cows culled due to liver affected by fascioliasis. On farms infected by liver flukes, there is increased culling of young animals and cows at the beginning of lactation with signs of hepatitis, jaundice, digestive disorders and decreased productivity against the background of general cachexia. The study of fascioliasis epizootology in cattle was carried out at different times of the year. All calves before and after infection were systematically subject to clinical, hematological, biochemical and helminthological studies as well as periodically weighed. The studies were carried out in the morning, usually before feeding the ani-mals. The animals were observed for five months after infection. It was determined that fascioliasis in cattle was found in the forest-steppe zone (the floodplains of the Ob, Charysh and Chumysh rivers). The increased percentage of invasion intensity to 30.2% in the autumn period is asso-ciated with a new wave of fasciole infection in cattle. Ac-cording to the findings of post-mortem examination, in win-ter, spring and summer, only imaginal fascioles were found. Thus, in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Region, all age groups of cattle were affected by fascioles with prevalence of 10.4% which ranged from 8.7% to 13.5%. In autumn, imaginal and young fascioles were found
AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF GRAIN COMBINE HARVESTER CLEANING OPERATION
Authors:   Irkutsk  State  Agricultural  University named after A.A. Yezhevskiy, Brichagina A.A. , Ilin S.N. ,   Irkutsk  State  Agricultural  University named after A.A. Yezhevskiy, Palvinskii V.V. ,   Irkutsk  State  Agricultural  University named after A.A. Yezhevskiy, Stepanov N.V. ,   Irkutsk  State  Agricultural  University named after A.A. Yezhevskiy, Pirozhkov D.N. ,   Altai State Agricultural University
Published: December 2021

The technological indices of the efficiency of grain combine harvesteroperation include the quality of the ob-tained grain mixture and the amount of grain loss. The hu-man factor has a great influence on these indices which can be minimized by automating the control of the combine harvestercleaning. We have proposed a design of such a device including a fan drive from an asynchronous electric motor with afrequency converter, servo controls for adjust-ing the angles of the upper and lower shutters, an acoustic grain loss sensor that allows feedback in the control sys-tem and the process controller. As a result, the effect of the internal combustion engine ofthe combine on the shaft rotation frequency will be reduced; there will be no need to use the DC electric drive or a fan mechanical drive; it will be possible to automatically adjust the angle of inclination of the shutters with an accuracy of 0.1°; therewill be the possibility of constructing a cleaning system control algo-rithm based on neural networks. The use of this device will improve the quality of harvesting, reduce grain losses and reduce the amount of impurities in the combine hopper
Toplumsal Hafıza Bağlamında Anlatıcılar ve Müzik
Authors: ÖZER Beril
Published: December 2021

Çalışmanın temel amacı, toplumsal hafıza bağlamında sözlü anlatıların ve anlatıcıların rolünü ve önemini betimlemek ve devamında sözlü anlatım ile girift olan müziksel ses dilinin toplumsal hafızadaki rolünün anlatılardaki önemini açıklamaktır. Öncelikle toplumsal hafıza kavramı çerçevesinde sözlü anlatılardan, devamında ise sözlü iletişim ve müziksel anlatılardan bahsedilmiştir. Devamında ise toplumsal anlatıcılar olan Şaman, kam, masal ve destan anlatıcıları, âşıklar ve abdallardan kısaca bahsedilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda anlatıcıların, toplumsal hafızanın aktarımında müzik dilini de kullanarak aktif bir şekilde kültürel aktarıcılar olarak rol aldıkları görülmüştür.
Knowledge Attitude and Practice of General Practitioners and Interns Toward Late Mandibular Incisors Crowding; A Cross sectional study in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Bahamid Ahmed , Alwothainani Mohannad , Alotaibi Munirah , Alosaimi Naif , Alazzam Nouf , Bugis Rafeef
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge and awareness of dental interns and general practitioners in Saudi Arabia about late mandibular incisor crowding. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted between June 2020 and July 2020 in Saudi Arabia and it observed dental practitioners. Results: A total of 275 subjects were included in this study; 172 (62.5%) were dental interns, 157 (57.1%) were females and 211 (76.7%) dentists were aged between 23-26 years. While most general practitioners and dental interns have heard about late mandibular incisors crowding, the majority continue to abstain from not recommending extraction of lower third molar as a means of prevention. Around half of the respondents, 134 (48.7%), claimed that the eruption of lower third molars is a possible causative factor. A greater percentage of general dental practitioners, 32 (31.1%) believed that there is a correlation between late mandibular incisors crowding and cases of relapse after an orthodontic treatment. Moreover, male participants were more knowledgeable of the fact that cases may worsen if not treated (P = 0.019). The knowledge of lower third molars eruption (P = 0.002) and unerupted/impacted lower third molars (P = 0.034) ability to cause late mandibular incisors crowding and the prophylactic extraction of the lower third molars (P = 0.009) were also significantly differed across the various age groups. Conclusion: Late mandibular incisor crowding is one of the main clinical issues in dental practice which has been subject to decreased awareness among dentists. Keywords:Dentists, knowledge, late mandibular incisor crowding, Saudi Arabia.
The Correlation of Peripheral Blood Eosinophils with Allergic Nasal Polyps
Authors: Kashif Zertaj , Fateen Tooba , Chaudhary H. Tufail , S. Ali Sehar , Pasha M. Bilal , S. Ali Kanwar , Z. Tariq Irem , A. Khan Aamir , Shamim S.
Published: December 2021

Aim: To observe the association of peripheral blood eosinophil percentage in patients with allergic nasal polyps. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and duration: Pathology Department of Bakhtawar Amin Medical & Dental Hospital, Multan from September 2020 to August 2021. Methodology: Blood samples of all the cases operated for nasal polyps in Bakhtawar Amin Trust Institute are drawn before surgery to look for eosinophils. Family and past history of allergy is recorded. Histopathology of all the operated specimen of nasal polyps is done and sample for eosinophil count is collected again in cases that proved to be allergic nasal polyps on microscopic examination to look for any alteration in eosinophil percentage in blood on excision of polyps. Results: Twenty nine out of forty (72.5) percent of patients with allergic nasal polyps reveal increase in peripheral blood eosinophil percentage that returned to normal in 26(65%) patient on excision of nasal polyps. Conclusion: The study disclosed a notable link between allergic nasal polyps and peripheral blood eosinophil percentage and this association is further enhanced by the fact that the blood eosinophil count returned to normal on removal of nasal polyps. Keywords: Allergic nasal polyps, peripheral blood eosinophilia, eosinophil count, atopy
Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Carica Papaya seeds in Drug-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Ahmed Sameer , Tahir Muhammad , Munir Attiya , Hafeez Amtul , Afghan Khan Sher , Tayyab Mehwish , Laique Talha
Published: December 2021

Background: Nephrotoxicity is characterized by raised serum urea and creatinine levels and kidneys being one of the primary organs of drug concentration and excretion are vulnerable to many widely used marketed drugs, including anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and radio contrast agents, are nephrotoxic. Aim: To determine the nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds in Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity. Study design: Quasi Experimental study. Methodology: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were sub divided into 3 groups i.e., I, II and III with 10 rats in each group. Group II and III were administered Aminoglycoside drug; Gentamycin in 80 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal route once daily for 5 consecutive days to induce acute nephrotoxicity. At day 6, nephrotoxicity was confirmed by measuring serum urea and creatinine. Ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (1000 mg/kg) was started once daily through oral route in group III for 5 consecutive days to see the nephroprotective effects of seed extract after causing acute kidney injury. All animals were given standard diet pellets manufactured at NIH. Results: Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group I (Control Group) at day 0 were 24.90 mg/dL ± 1.633 and .750 mg/dL ± .0619 respectively. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group II (Disease Control Group) was 81.00 mg/dL ± 1.247 and 1.980mg/dL ± .0467 at day 6th. This suggested induction of nephrotoxicity by Gentamycin. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group III (Ethanolic Extract Treated Group) at 11 day was 72.40mg/dL± .991 and 1.680 mg/dL± .0467 after 5 days treatment with ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds. Conclusion: We concluded that ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds has significant nephroprotective effects on Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Awareness and Adverse Effects
Assessment of Mortality and Morbidity in Covid patients with Previous Pulmonary Pathology of SKZH/CMH
Authors: Ali Bukhari Syed Sajid , Nazir Munazza , Khan Raja Sohail , Rehman Abdur , Ashraf ul Islam Muhammad , Ahmed Farooq
Published: December 2021

Aim: To study the severity of symptoms, rates of mortality and morbidity in COVID patients with and without previous pulmonary pathology. Methodology: The cohort study consisted of 244 patients and nearly all the individuals had underlying diseases. Data collection forms included demographic data, medical history, history of exposure to infection, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, HRCT results, treatment measures especially history of corticosteroid use, and duration of illness. Results: In 244 patients, 180 patients were having the pulmonary pathology and other 64 were having no pulmonary pathology. 77.2% (139/180) of the patients showed severe symptoms in the previous pulmonary pathology while 21.8% (10/64) showed severe symptoms in the group with no pulmonary pathology. 16.1% (29/180) patients died because of COVID and were also having pulmonary pathology. While 10.9% (7/64) patients died in the group having no pulmonary pathology. Conclusion: In this study, 16.1% patients died of COVID with pulmonary pathology. While 10.9% patients died having no pulmonary pathology. 77.2% of the patients showed severe symptoms with previous pulmonary pathology while 21.8% showed severe symptoms with no pulmonary pathology. Keywords: Covid-19, Mortality, morbidity
Effect of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Siraj Muhammad , Ali Abbas , Khan Mudir
Published: December 2021

Background: Orthopaedic surgeries require sensitive protocol for prevention of infection pre and post-surgery. Antibiotic-prophylaxis has been reported for reducing risk of infection in orthopaedic surgeries such as removal of implants. Aim: To assess the effect of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Dept. of Orthopaedics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1-1-2020 to 31-12- 2020. Methodology: One hundred and ten patients within 18-75 years were divided into two groups. Each group had 55 patients. Group 1 were given prophylactic antibiotics pre-operative as a single dose while group 2 were given only saline. All patients were admitted for removal of orthopaedic implants in foot, ankle or leg. Patients 30 days record was observed for any surgical-site infection. Results: The mean age of patient was 42.95±10.8 years. Group 1 and Group 2 had more males than females. There were 10.9% and 9.09% diabetic patients within group 1 and group 2. The 30 days assessment of post implant removal orthopaedic surgery showed a decrease of surgical-site infection in group 1. Surgical-site infection decreased by a rate of 5.4% among patients who were given cefazolin antibiotic. Conclusion: The effect of prophylactic antibiotic reduces chance of surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery. Keywords: Antibiotic-prophylaxis, Orthopaedic surgery, Implant-removal, Surgical-site infection
Frequency of Maternal Factors in Patients of Stillbirth in Pakhtoon Families Visiting Public Hospitals of Peshawar
Authors: Hakim Nayab , Lakhan Hazooran , Jabeen Shah Farhana , Haq Shams-ul- , Muntaqa Memona , Masood Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Aim: To determine the frequency of maternal factors in patients of still birth in Pakhtoon families visiting hospitals of Peshawar. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Community & Preventive Medicine, Kabir Medical College Gandhara University Peshawar from 1stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020 Methodology: Five hundred pregnant women were enrolled. All multiparous pregnant women of Pakhtoon families with still birth admitted in Gynaecology wards in public hospitals of Peshawar were included. All multiparous pregnant women of Pakhtoon families with still births with renal diseases, accidental trauma, respiratory diseases and history of physical violence visiting public hospitals of Peshawar were excluded. Results: 65% of respondents were from 31-45 years. Maternal risk factors were education below matric 64.4%, 7% respondents were working, 78% respondents with total income less than 30 thousand. 59.8% with last birth interval less than 2 years. 44% respondents had haemoglobin less than 7g/dl. 40.2% respondents had comorbidity with stillbirth i.e. hypertension. Conclusion: Maternal risk factors were low socioeconomic status, birth interval less than 2 years, severe anemia and hypertension in current study. Keywords: Still birth, Socioeconomic, Ante-partum hemorrhage
OCT and OCT-angiography parameters of intraocular blood flow in healthy adults
Authors: Volkova N. V. , Shchuko A. G. , Iureva T. N.
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE.To identify the relationship between the parameters of choroidal and retinal blood flow by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A), and the structural, hydrodynamic and systemic hemodynamic parameters in healthy adults.

METHODS.The study included 42 male subjects aged 54.43±4.1 years without signs of local or systemic pathologies. The following parameters were evaluated on the RTVue-XR tomograph (USA): structural and microcirculatory parameters of the optic disc (OD) — peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRLNF) and radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP); the macula — thickness, superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep vascular complex (DVC), foveolar avascular zone (FAZ); the choroid — thickness, structure. Blood pressure was determined using the Riva–Rocci method; tonometry — by the Maklakov method. The parameters of bidirectional corneal applanation were evaluated, and perfusion and tolerance pressure were calculated.

RESULTS.Negative correlations were revealed between intraocular pressure, pRNFL and capillary density of RCP (R= −0.58… −0.73); between choroid thickness, systemic blood flow, and tolerant pressure (R= −0.56… −0.72); between the thickness of the choroid and the volume of focal losses (FLV, %), as well as the OCT-A parameters of FAZ (area, perimeter, and density of foveolar vessels) (R= −0.45… −0.58). Positive correlations were found between perifoveal thickness (including ganglion complex) with the pRNFL (R=0.58–0.71), as well as with the thickness of the choroid (R=0.41–0.65). The confidence level was p≤0.001.

CONCLUSION. The relationship of retinal, choroidal, micro hemodynamics parameters by OCT (choroid thickness) and OCT-A (RCC) (HD Angio Disc 4.5 protocol); area, perimeter, and vascular density of FAZ (Angio Retina 3.0 protocol) with  the parameters of systemic blood flow in healthy subjects can likely be considered as hemodynamic biomarkers in the diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation of treatment effectiveness of any intraocular vascular process (including glaucoma).
The profile of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in the Russian Federation (preliminary results of a multicenter population-based study). Part 2
Authors: Kuroyedov A. V. , Movsisyan A. B. , Egorov E.  A. , Erichev  V. P. , Gorodnichy  V.  V. , Brezhnev A. Yu. , Gazizova I. R.
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE. To determine individual clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the disease in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) and to establish its relationship with adherence to treatment.

METHODS. The analytical, multicenter, combined study involved 1 092 subjects (2 184 eyes) with different forms of glaucoma (general group) were selected using a survey, followed by their clinical and epidemiological analysis.

RESULTS. When verifying the diagnosis, eyes with POAG prevailed in the main group (from 89.6 to 92% of all eyes). The average age in the main group at the final examination was 66 (63; 69) years, the duration of the disease was on average 3 years. The number of eyes with the initial stage of glaucoma decreased in 3 years by 17.5-19.1%, and the number of eyes with advanced and severe stages of the disease increased by 10.4-12.9% and 5.1-5.2%, respectively. The hypotensive regimen was changed at the average tonometric intraocular pressure of 24 (23; 26) mm Hg (regardless of the disease stage). When estimating the comorbidity of the main group, the most common concomitant somatic pathology was hypertension. Today, prostaglandin analogues are prescribed in 34.6-36.3% of all cases for all stages of glaucoma. The leading complaint of patients according to the survey was the cost of treatment. In addition, the influence of the organization's pharmacist on the choice of the purchased drug was revealed. However, attending physician remains the main source of information about the disease for patients (92.2%).

CONCLUSION. It was found that POAG predictably prevails in Russia, and its diagnosis still comes with a delay. The causes of treatment failures should be recognized as late diagnosis, incorrect treatment of patients with newly diagnosed condition, and the same treatment regimens for paired eyes with different stages of POAG, as well as social and behavioral factors of patient compliance.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of glaucoma surgeries
Authors: Anisimov S. I. , Anisimova S. Yu. , Arutyunyan L. L. , Voznyuk A. P.
Published: December 2021

Glaucoma is a socially significant disease and ranks first among the causes of visual impairment and blindness. Glaucoma is a chronic disease with progressive course, and the entire treatment and diagnostic process is associated with the need for constant monitoring of the structural and functional components of the visual system to assess the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. With adequately chosen treatment tactics, it is possible to stabilize the glaucomatous process and successfully reverse the structural and functional changes thanks to the links between functional defects of the visual fields and topographic damage in the optic nerve with the stage of the disease. This statement emphasizes the need to choose the correct treatment tactics, as well as to closely monitor the structural and functional characteristics of patients with glaucoma. In this regard, the issue of studying the safety and effectiveness of various glaucoma surgeries depending on observation time remains relevant.
Neuritis of the optic nerve
Authors: Gafarov I. Z.
Published: December 2021

At present, the problem of treating optic neuritis is becoming increasingly relevant due to growing incidence of this pathology among the young, significantly affecting their quality of life. High rate of disability outcomes (28%) connected with the development of optic nerve atrophy leading to irreversible changes in the visual functions accounts for high social value of this disease.

The development of optic neuritis is known to happen very quickly in some cases, and in this regard all the performed methods of treatment should be urgent, aimed at increasing the treatment efficiency and preventing the irreversible complications due to the late and sometimes incorrect diagnosis.

There are currently no reasonably effective treatments of optic nerve neuritis because generally, the therapy is etiopathogenesis-targeted, depending on the revealed cause of the disease, which in practice can rarely be established.

The article reviews various methods of conservative and surgical treatment of optic neuritis and describes our experience of employing a drainage surgery technique with the use of allogeneic spongy biomaterial commonly used for complicated glaucoma.
Comparative analysis and evaluation of current antidiarrheal prescribing trends with representative brand in pediatric population of Pakistan
Authors: Malik Maimoona , Khattak Shahana , Naureen Humaira , Azhar Farah , Ahsan Hina , Mansoor Fariha , Shahid Aniqa
Published: December 2021

Background: Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among pregnant women is very much common among the Background: Inappropriate management of diarrhea is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population worldwide, more especially in developing countries including Pakistan.
Method: The sample size was calculated using World Health Organization (WHO) and Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) info calculator. 240 prescriptions were collected from eight hospitals including four public hospitals (Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Polyclinic Hospital, Holy family Hospital and Benazir Hospital) and four private hospitals (Hearts International Hospital, Maroof Hospital, Railway hospital, Bilal Hospital) of twin cities of Pakistan (Islamabad and Rawalpindi). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze current prescribing trends of diarrheal management followed by comparative pharmaceutical evaluation of representative brands Parameters recorded from prescriptions were demographics (age and gender), presenting complaints and medications prescribed. Prescriptions were evaluated by their comparison with standard treatment guidelines. Results: Data were evaluated using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 16.0) for descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations along with Chi square test. Diarrhea was presenting complaint in 106 (44%) of peads among age group 0-2 years. Out of 106 (44%) cases of diarrhea, 52 (20%) cases have prescribed an antibiotic in combination with other medications, which was not indicated according to standard guidelines. The use of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) was also limited. Zinc supplementation with ORS is indicated treatment for diarrhea and was prescribed to 21 (9%) cases. Conclusion: Hence, it has been concluded that standard treatment guidelines were not followed thoroughly which leads to increased morbidity, complications and cost.
Study of the content of fluorides in atmospheric air in Bokhtar region and Tursunzade city of Tajikistan
Authors: Egamnazarov Khuseyn , Islamovich Babaev Ikram , Partoevich Aliev Samardin , Murtazo Abdullozoda Said
Published: December 2021

Background: The emission and presence of air pollutants such as fluorides has over burdenized the public healthcare issues. The current study aimed to determine the content of fluorides in atmospheric air in Bokhtar region and Tursunzade city of Tajikistan. Methods: Based on the direction of wind, two zones were selected in the current study: experimental and control. In the first (experimental) zone, those areas were selected where the western, northern and northeastern directions of wind was significant. Dzhura Rakhmonov was assigned to the control zone with the shortest time for the eastward winds. In general, 72 samples of atmospheric air were taken in 12 settlements of the city of Tursunzade and 90 samples of atmospheric air in the Bokhtar region of the Khatlon province. To determine fluorine in air, a potentiometric method with an ion-selective electrode was used, which makes it possible to measure the potential concentrations of fluorides in atmospheric air. Results: Compounds of gaseous (hydrogen fluoride) and solid fluorine (salts of hydrofluoric acid), which are the main emission from various sources, were found in the atmospheric air of the populated areas of the city of Tursunzade, where the aluminum plant industry is located. The maximum amount of hydrogen fluoride in the experimental zone (Jamoat and Navobod) with a western wind direction was found in the autumn, which exceeded the MPC. However, the amount of solid fluorides in the western direction of the wind ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg / m3, which did not exceed the MPC value and was not significant. In control zone (Dzhura Rakhmonov) the said pollutants hydrogen fluoride and solid fluorine were not significant in autumn within accordance to MPC limit. The results of the study of atmospheric air in 15 administrative cities and districts of the Bokhtar region showed a complete absence of solid fluorides in all samples of atmospheric air. Conclusion: Compounds of gaseous fluorine and salts of hydrofluoric acid were found in the atmospheric air of populated areas of the city of Tursunzade, and no significant amounts in the Bokhtar region according to MPC and control. The maximum amount of fluorine compounds was found in the experimental zone (Jamoat Navobod) of the city of Tursunzade.
New hope on the horizon of chronic pain therapy; targeting PI3K, proinflammatory cytokines/AKT/nitric oxide
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Khan Fazlullah
Published: December 2021

Pain is one of the most debilitating and unpleasant sensory or emotional condition which present itself in the form of complex phenomena. Safe and effective drug treatment for chronic pain is still a gigantic challenge in the field of research and quality of life. Recently phosphotidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream regulator emerged as appealing targets for the development of new drugs having immense potential in various major disorders[1]. Researcher’s targeted different PI3K downstream signaling components both in central and peripheral level of nervous system using various models of chronic pain. Emphasis must be put on the importance of PI3K and its downstream molecules such as Akt, proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide as a potential target for the treatment of chronic pain. Researchers are paying serious efforts to identify those molecules which have high clinical outcome with least chances of side effects.
Transformation of Graphic into Conceptual Artist: Innovations, Games and Improvisations
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” (Bulgaria), Yalamov Todor
Published: December 2021

The paper problematizes the work and evolution of a Bulgarian artist from the point of view of the biographical approach, his artistic interventions and his re-legitimization as a contemporary artist. It discusses various aspects of contemporary art from the point of view of the artist, his interventions, market demands, the underlying contradictions, as well as the transformative tendencies in the small graphics. The paper argues that it is necessary to expand the understanding of contemporary art with certain actions of artists.
Inclusive, multi-partner co-creation for the teaching of special educational needs and disabilities in higher education
Authors:   De Montfort University, United Kingdom, Wright Emma , Smith Rosi ,   De Montfort University, United Kingdom, Vernon Melissa ,   De Montfort University, United Kingdom, Wall Robyn ,   De Montfort University, United Kingdom, White Lucinda ,   De Montfort University, United Kingdom
Published: December 2021

Co-creation of curriculum content is a growing priority across Higher Education and, while many projects stress the market benefits to institutions and students, this research instead focussed on promoting inclusion, social justice and anti-oppressive practice, with theoretical underpinnings in the social model of disability. This joint research project between staff and students at De Montfort University (DMU), Leicester, led to the co-creation of a Level 6 SEND module on the BA Education Studies programme. The co-designed research explores how the experiences of neurodivergent people, those with SEND, their families and practitioners, can inform teaching practices and module specifications at undergraduate level in Education Studies. Qualitative data, collected via questionnaires, focus groups and interviews with students, parents, practitioners and academics, revealed rich, diverse perspectives on the knowledge and understanding that future educators need, as well as the most inclusive methods for teaching and assessing that knowledge. The practice-based implications of the research included co-creation of a Level 6 SEND module which recognises value in ‘non-professional’ voices and embeds anti-oppressive practice in its design, delivery and assessment.
Emerging from the third space chrysalis: Experiences in a non-hierarchical, collaborative research community of practice
Authors:   Bournemouth University, United Kingdom, Bickle Ed , Bishopp-Martin Silvina ,   Canterbury Christ Church University, United Kingdom, Canton Ursula ,   Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland, United Kingdom, Chin Paul ,   University of Bath, United Kingdom, Johnson Ian ,   University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom, Kantcheva Ralitsa ,   Bangor University, Wales, United Kingdom, Nodder Jane ,   Northern College of Acupuncture, York, United Kingdom, Rafferty Victoria ,   University of Sunderland, United Kingdom, Sum Kiu ,   University of Westminster, United Kingdom, Welton Karen ,   Plymouth College of Art, United Kingdom
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the creation of a research-focused virtual community of practice (vCoP) for geographically-dispersed third space professionals, motivated by desires for enhanced professional collaboration, visibility and identity. The authors used collaborative autoethnography (CAE) to evaluate their personal reflections as vCoP participants. Data were gathered in two collaborative writing activities and analysed using thematic analysis (TA). The TA identified two connected themes, which capture the vCoP members’ aspirations to transcend their current roles and be research-active through connecting with like-minded professionals. Collaborative writing activities, including authoring this paper, cultivated elements of academic identity such as independence and purpose. A non-hierarchical and supportive vCoP environment allowed the members to work beyond time and institutional constraints to foster the evolution of the community and an emerging sense of professional identity beyond that typically associated with third space roles. The paper offers a model of collaboration that could help groups in similar situations.
Beyond the avatar: Using video cameras to achieve effective collaboration in an online second language classroom
Authors: Pavlov Vladimir , Smirnova Natalia , Nuzhnaia Ekaterina
Published: December 2021

In language learning, students learn through interaction with the teacher, the other students, and with the study material, to build language skills. What happens to interaction opportunities when learning goes online? In an online classroom, collaboration is difficult to achieve due to lack of physical proximity among the participants. This paper explores the problem of online collaboration between teachers and students in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classroom with the empirical focus on the role that video cameras play in online collaboration. We argue that cameras, although being contested as a pedagogical tool, should be seen as an important ‘proximity tool’ that helps foster collaboration by bringing learners and teachers ‘closer’. We theorise ‘collaboration’ via the social constructivism lens and argue that collaboration as being ‘close’ echoes in the digital sense with ‘being with’ and is core for developing an ecology of virtual collaboration. We draw on the online survey data from foreign language students and language instructors in one Russian research-intensive university, who were asked how they use cameras online. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis have been used to identify key patterns and emerging themes. The key findings of the study are that 1) cameras could be an important aspect of fostering collaboration online; 2) there is a tension in relationships between students, teachers, and study materials; 3) students and teachers differently perceive the need to use cameras, which may limit opportunities for online collaboration; and 4) while students feel more comfortable when all the other participants turn their cameras on, many do not see turning cameras on for themselves to be important. The paper concludes with a discussion of how camera use can foster online collaboration between teachers and students.
PENDAMPINGAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR DESA MULADIMENG DALAM PENANAMAN POHON MANGROVE SEBAGAI BENTUK KEPEDULIAN LINGKUNGAN SERTA UPAYA MENUNJANG EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Nurasia Nurasia , Aminuddin Ahyar , Hidayanti Nurul
Published: December 2021

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem interface antara ekosistem daratan dengan ekosistem lautan. Oleh karena itu, ekosistem ini mempunyai fungsi spesifik yang keberkelangsungannya bergantung pada dinamika yang terjadi di ekosistem daratan dan lautan. Keberadan hutan mangrove sangat menentukan dan menunjang tingkat perkembangan sosial dan perekonomian masyarakat pesisir  pantai, di Desa Muladimeng yang merupakan daerah pesisir pantai tentunya ekosistem mangrove sangat berpengaruh bagi kegiatan yang ada di sana karena selain sektor pertanian sektor perikanan dan kelautan di desa Muladimeng merupakan sumber penghasilan terbesar bagi masyarakat, maka dari itu kegiatan ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk memberikan edukasi serta melakukan konservasi diwilayah yang mengalami tingkat kerusakan mangrove yang tergolong parah. Persepsi dan sikap masyarakat terhadap konservasi mangrove sangat menentukan keberhasilan kegiatan konservasi mangrove. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya ekosistem mangrove bagi daerah pesisir.
PENDAMPINGAN PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI KERTAS KOKORU BAGI GUGUS IGTKI DAN HIMPAUDI KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNJANG SAMARINDA
Authors: Rozie Fachrul , Haryani Wiwik
Published: December 2021

Kegiatan ini dilatarbelakangi perlunya peningkatan keterampilan mengajar guru dalam aktivitas belajar motorik halus terutama jenjang usia 4-6 tahun. Pemilihan bahan kertas kokoru sebagai sumber belajar alternatif yang memiliki daya visual yang menarik serta tingkat kesulitan untuk pembelajaran menggunting, menempel dan melipat. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan agar guru PAUD memiliki wawasan baru untuk memanfaatkan kertas kokoru sebagai bahan materi pembelajaran di kelas. Metode yang dilaksanakan yakni simulasi pembelajaran berbasis motorik halus melalui berbagai kegiatan seperti: (1). Menjahit, (2) Montase, (3). Kolase, (4). Mozaik, (5). Melukis, (6). Menggunakan bahan kertas kokoru. Sehingga sangat tepat sasaran bagi guru – guru PAUD dalam kegiatan program pengabdian ini untuk memperkaya wawasan dan pengalaman baru terutama bagi guru pemula. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di salah satu gugus kecamatan Sungai Kunjang, Kota Samarinda sejumlah 25 peserta selama dua hari. Peserta mendapat tugas secara kelompok untuk memperoleh hasil kemampuan yang diharapkan dalam pembelajaran motorik halus. Dengan demikian, keterampilan mengajar untuk guru PAUD dalam pembelajaran motorik halus bagi anak usia 4-6 tahun dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan material kertas kokoru di berbagai aktivitas.
PELATIHAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK MEMBANGUN PELAYANAN PRIMA PADA STAFF TAMAN BACA KESIMAN
Authors: Claria Dewa Ayu Kadek , Rajistha I Gusti Ngurah Adi
Published: December 2021

Taman Baca Kesiman Bali merupakan perpustakaan umum yang dibuat dengan menerapkan konsep wisata edukasi. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di TBK tidak hanya bersifat nasional namun juga internasional sehingga kemampuan para staf di TBK dalam bidang Bahasa Inggris dan pelayanan perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Melalui hasil survey yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya ditemukan bahwa kemampuan para staff di TBK masih perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Setelah pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan mengedepankan beberapa poin penting pada bidang pelayanan, para staf akhirnya dapat mewujudkan konsep pelayanan prima dengan menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Konsep yang telah dikuasai dan diaplikasikan dalam pelayananan oleh staf TBK adalah konsep pelayanan prima dalam bentuk tata cara (manner) baik dari segi penampilan (grooming) dan juga bentuk pelayanan (hospitality) yang telah tertuang dalam bentuk pelatihan penggunaan fungsi bahasa yaitu greetings, address system, asking questions dan solving problems for guest complaint.
PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN USAHA DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK PENGRAJIN PANDAI BESI DI DESA PAMBOBORANG KECAMATAN BANGGAE KABUPATEN MAJENE PROVINSI SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Dj Arifhan Ady , Adha Wahyu Maulid , Dj Akhdiari Harpa
Published: December 2021

Desa Pamboborang Kecamaatan Banggae Kabupaten Majene terkenal dengan usaha-usaha ekonomi produktif. Salah satu usaha ekonomi produktif yang menonjol di desa ini adalah usaha “Kappung Kowiq” (kampung pandai besi) karena sejak zaman dahulu sampai sekarang di kampung ini mayoritas masyarakatnya merupakan pandai besi. Dalam menjalankan usahanya, Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Pandai Besi Indo Banua menghadapi berbagai masalah di antaranya adalah proses produksi di kerjakan dengan menggunakan alat-alat yang sangat sederhana sebagai teknologinya. Tata kelola sistem manajemen usaha termasuk di dalamnya aspek-aspek manajemen usaha yang meliputi perencanaan usaha, pengorganisasian, implementasi, pengelolaan manajemen keuangan yang masih dikelola secara sederhana, bauran pemasaran dalam memasarkan produk masih menggunakan cara pemasaran dari mulut ke mulut. Oleh karena Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan mitra tentang aspek-aspek manajemen usaha yang meliputi perencanaan usaha, pengorganisasian, implementasi, manajemen keuangan serta pemahaman kelompok tentang strategi pemasaran. Pendekatan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan untuk mecapai tujuan adalah melalui tahap persiapan, assesment, Perencanaan dan alternatif kegiatan, Formulasi/rencana aksi, pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan, dan evaluasi.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN KOMPOS LIMBAH PETERNAKAN PADA KELOMPOK PETANI JAHE MERAH PEMULA DI KEL. BOTING KEC. WARA KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Zakiyah Ulfah , Yanti Rosmalah
Published: December 2021

Warga Kel. Boting Kec. Wara Kota Palopo yang kegiatannya lebih banyak di rumah (saat pemberlakuan aturan bekerja dari rumah) memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan sebagai areal penanaman jahe merah. Untuk menyuburkan tanaman jahe merah, petani pemula ini menggunakan kotoran ternak ayam yang masih baru. Kegiatan ini diadakan dalam rangka melatih dan mendampingi petani jahe merah pemula dalam mengolah kotoran ternak ayam menjadi kompos dalam waktu singkat. Kegiatan yang diikuti oleh 17 orang ini dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimen dimana petani pemula mempraktikkan langsung pembuatan kompos berbahan dasar kotoran ternak. Kompos yang dibuat mulai terlihat hasilnya dalam 1 bulan pertama sejak pengaplikasian.
PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN EKONOMI DESA MELALUI OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN BUMDES BUDIDAYA LELE DI DESA PATEAN KECAMATAN BATUAN
Authors: Kusumawati Ita Rahmania , Hidayaturrahman Mohammad , Dani Rovi
Published: December 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pendampingan bagi pengelolaan BUMDes budidaya lele Al-Barokah di desa Patean Kecamatan Batuan kabupaten Sumenep. Target khusus yang diharapkan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan mengelola BUMDes bagi para pengelola BUMDes Al-Barokah, pemuda karang taruna, dan ibu-ibu PKK. Kegiatan ini dilakukan selama dua bulan, yang terdiri atas kegiatan sosialisasi, FGD, dan pendampingan dalam menyusun laporan keuangan melalui Microsoft Excel. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah terbentuknya peluang bisnis aneka kuliner olahan lele pada kelompok PKK, terwujudnya laporan keuangan BUMDES budi daya lele secara digital (computerized), dan inovasi pengelolaan BUMDes budidaya lele yang meningkat secara perlahan namun signifikan, sehinggamembantu akses ekonomi masyakarat.