bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of emissions of a dual fuel engine with Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Wan , Abdullah Samsuri , Ashraf Razali Nurul , Albani Aliashim , Ramli Aima , Olsen Daniel
Published: November 2019

The dual fuel engine is getting more attention in recent years due to its capability to reduce various harmful emissions in a diesel engine. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict and to model the relationship between dual fuel emissions and operating parameters of a dual fuel engine fuelled with natural gas and diesel. Data such as engine power for training and testing of the network are acquired experimentally at Engines and Energy Conversion Lab (EECL), Colorado State University Energy Institute. The engine is a tier II 6 cylinder, 6.8 liter, 4-stroke compression ignition engine with a compression ratio of 17:1 and a power rating of 168 kW at 2200 rpm. The engine was operated at 1800 rpm through five different load points in dual fuel operating modes. Emissions data analyzed during the day were carbon monoxides (CO), carbon dioxides (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen monoxides (NO), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), oxygen (O2) and total hydrocarbons (THC). A total number of 6005 data points from five different loads have been used for ANN development based on standard a back-propagation algorithm. The ANN model was developed using 70% of the experimental results for training, while the rest of the data was used for performance testing and validation. Results show that the ANN model is able to predict the exhaust emissions of a dual fuel engine with regression coefficients at 0.9381 (training), 0.93533 (validation) and 0.93607 (testing), meanwhile the mean squared errors are in the range of 0.09 to 0.1%. These results show that the ANN network is able to predict the engine emissions of a dual fuel engine with 93.47% model performance.
Analysis of transported pollution and haze-related diseases via HYSPLIT Trajectory Modelling in the urbanized area of Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Hanafi Nur H. , Hassim Mimi H. , Noor Zainura Z. , Ng Denny K. S. , Harrin Nor Helmi Nor , Aris Nurazimah M.
Published: November 2019

Exposure to the haze pollutants may cause a diverse range of health impacts including symptoms that lead to treatment-seeking behavior, outpatient and emergency department visits, and hospitalization for moderate and severe cases and mortality for the worst-case scenarios. This study is carried out as an effort to understand how the haze occurrence that has been plaguing South East Asia affect the health of the citizen in Malaysia, particularly in Johor due to its close proximity to Sumatra which has been identified as one of the hotspots for frequent forest fires. The study is done in Larkin and Pasir Gudang where health cases caused by poor air quality such as conjunctivitis, URTI and asthma have been identified while HYSPLIT model indicates the trajectory of the wind at different heights to help us understand how wind movement during the selected time of the year causes haze formation. The findings of this study showed that low wind heights below 2000m AGL in September cause particular matter accumulation over Malaysia as the wind over Malaysia. In turn, this causes high API reading which leads to higher conjunctivitis, URTI and asthma cases. The investigation of the exposure and health risks of the air pollutants through a risk-based approach will definitely be beneficial in providing new information about the correlation between health risks and air pollution in Johor, which may also have implications on the environmental and social policies.
Assessment of indoor air quality parameters at Ambulatory Care Centre XYZ, Malaysia
Authors: Aini Mohd Sari Kamarul , Farhah Almar Mastaza Khaleda , Ashraf Abdul Rahman Muhammad , Saji Nurdalila , Muslim Rahmat , Syafiq Syazwan Mustafa Mohd , Yean Ghing Tong
Published: November 2019

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) problems are very important and necessary to consider in hospital and health care facilities such as in AMBULATORY CARE CENTRE XYZ (ACCXYZ), Malaysia. Majority complaints made by the hospital staff at level 1, state that they felt uncomfortable and suffering coldness due to very low temperature of centralizing air-conditioning especially during non-peak hours. Therefore, five parameters pointed to be measured based on the complaints from staff due to IAQ problems especially from Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. By using 4 in 1 Meter Kit, three environmental parameters recorded such as air temperature (t), relative humidity (RH) and air velocity (AV) and the average result are 22.5°C, 57.7% and 0.02 m/s, respectively. Meanwhile, two chemical parameters recorded are carbon dioxide (CO2) with 875ppm and formaldehyde (CH2O) is 0.11ppm were measured using IAQ Calc model 7545 and Formaldehyde Meter Z-300 devices value within the standard. Thus, the result shows that the HVAC system affects the IAQ parameters in ACCXYZ building through a major impact on the temperature due to patient and staff environment and also to the operation of the sensitive machine in the building.
Comparative study of selected indoor concentration from selective laser sintering process using virgin and recycled polyamide nylon (PA12)
Authors: Damanhuri A A M , Subki A S A , Hariri A , Tee B T , Fauadi M H F M , Hussin M S F , Mustafa M S S
Published: November 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) stands out as one of the promising technologies that have huge potential towards manufacturing industry. The study on additive manufacturing impact on the environment and occupational exposure are attracting growing attention recently. However, most of the researcher focus on desktop and fused deposition modelling type and less attention given to the industrial type of AM. Usually, during the selective laser sintering process, recycle powder will be used again to reduce cost and waste. This article compares the PM 2.5, carbon dioxide (CO2) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration between virgin and recycles powder using polyamide-nylon (PA12) towards indoor concentration. Four phases of sampling involve during air sampling accordingly to the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 by DOSH Malaysia. It was found that PM 2.5 and CO2concentration are mainly generated during the pre-printing process. The recycle powder tended to appear higher compared to virgin powder in terms of PM 2.5, and CO2. The peak value of PM 2.5 is 1452 µg/m3 and CO2 is 1218 ppm are obtained during the pre-printing process during 8 hours of sampling. TVOC concentration from recycling powder is slightly higher during the post- printing phase where confirm the influence of the powder cake and PA12 temperature from the printing process. In summary, this work proves that elective laser sintering (SLS) machine operators are exposed to a significant amount of exposure during the SLS printing process. Mitigation strategies and personal protective equipment are suggested to reduce occupational exposure.
Indoor environment and energy consumption analysis for a university academic building
Authors: Alhammali A A , Shamsudin S A , Mohammed K K , Tee B T , Al-Issa H A
Published: November 2019

An energy audit was conducted on a university building located within the main campus of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Melaka, Malaysia. Some of the physical parameters particularly energy consumption, air velocity, airflow, operating temperature, relative humidity and lighting intensity were compared to the Malaysian Standards 1525:2014. This work aims at understanding the comfort level of the occupants and investigates the impact of lighting changes to the overall energy consumption. Based on the data collected, the team could estimate the current energy consumption for all floors. As expected, the air conditioning recorded the highest rate consumption at 72% of electricity usage in the building, followed by the consumption of lighting at 18% and other equipment only 10%. The average operating temperature was recorded at 22.758°C, which is less than that of the recommended range of 24°C - 26°C The average humidity was about 68.31% while the average lighting intensity was recorded at 461.422 lux. Additionally, the Building Energy Index (BEI) for the 2016-2017 period is 128.53 kWh/m²/year and 137.55 kWh/m²/year for 2017/2018. BEI values in 2017-2018 were a little higher than that specified in MS 1525:2014 Standards, which is 135 kWh/m²/year.
Management strategy for carbon trading in Indo-Pacific common market
Authors: Chen Colin W. K. , Chen Yu-Ting
Published: November 2019

The global climate change caused by greenhouse effect is the most important thing that everyone is paying attention to today. The use of carbon trading to achieve carbon reductions is a recognized and effective way. However, in the face of complex economic development, there are different regions in the world that have formed a market for carbon trading. This paper proposes a common market mechanism based on the Indo-Pacific region. Under the reality that all member countries in the region have complementary, it is possible to achieve the goal of reducing emissions through carbon trading. First, explain the current carbon reduction trends and major carbon trading markets around the world. These include the region in which the market is located, the benefits of the exchange, the form in which the transaction can be used, and the legal norms that must be in place in actual operation. Secondly, discuss the reduction target strategies of countries and the operating conditions of the carbon trading market. Finally, the integration structure of the multi-country carbon trading market under the IndoChina common market are proposed.
The influence of geometrical parameters of the drill-rod on the ultimate axial feed force and the efficiency of drill cuttings removal during rotary drilling of holes
Authors: Korneyev V A , Korneyev P A
Published: November 2019

The article describes the design of an experimental drill-rod proposed by the research team of Siberian State Industrial University. The feature of the developed rod is the implementation of a cross-section in the form of a Reuleaux triangle. The influence of the geometric shape of the cross section of the experimental and commercially available rods on the technological aspects of their application is evaluated. Recommendations are given on the possibility of further improvement of the developed drill-rod design.
Development of technology for manufacturing rail strings for railway access roads to mines
Authors: Shevchenko R A , Kozyrev N A , Kratko S N , Kryukov R E , Mikhno A R
Published: November 2019

The technology of contact-butt welding of rail strings was developed. The effects of welding modes with subsequent isothermal exposure of samples made from rail steel were studied. The optimal isothermal exposure rate was selected. Tests of welded joints for static three-point bending were carried out.
Powder wire based on the dust from gas cleaning plant of silicomanganese production to improve the durability of the scraper conveyor troughs
Authors: Kozyrev N A , Kryukov R E , Mikhno A R , Usoltsev A A , Popova M V
Published: November 2019

A new flux cored wire based on the dust from gas-cleaning plant of silicomanganese production was developed for surfacing the scraper conveyor troughs. Mechanical properties were studied, and a microstructural analysis of the deposited samples was performed. The coefficients of manganese absorption were calculated for various ratios of components.
Management of a transport and logistics terminal: models, indicators and optimization
Authors: Rymkevich A A , Novichikhin A V
Published: November 2019

The management toolkit of the transport and logistics terminal in the form of a three-tier management model is presented. It ensures the development of strategies for its operation, using the distribution of flows across various types of transport. A set of indicators for the efficient functioning of TLT was determined. Ten strategies for the operation of the transport and logistics terminal with a combined rail and road transport in the distribution of general cargo flows were considered. A decisions ranking for a given range of costs was implemented. A full normalization of indicators and the selection of optimal solutions for the flows distribution in a flexible manner were performed. The selection of solutions was carried out by the Pareto-optimization method.
Studies of two-stage coal discharge with stepped-type powered roof support
Authors: Klishin V I , Nikolaev A V , Klishin S V
Published: November 2019

The authors propose the powered roof support of the stepped type. Such design ensures safe and efficient mining, as well as complete extraction of coal from thick seams with coal discharge to the rear armored face conveyor. The paper describes physical simulation and numerical modeling of two-stage top coal discharge.
Modeling of the complex “Technological equipment and Control system” for debugging and testing control algorithms of the walking support
Authors: Zhuravlev S S , Nikitenko M S , Malakhov Yu V , Shakirov S R
Published: November 2019

The paper describes a method for verifying control algorithms of the APCS (automated process control system) applied software using a simulation complex that provides correctness control: execution of control commands, equipment state identification, control signals generation, etc.
Research of draw mining method modes using simulation model
Authors: Starodubov A N , Sinoviev V V , Klishin V I
Published: November 2019

A simulation model of effective coal fields operation by robotized system with controlled draw mining method. The developed model shown by animation for visual displaying of robotized system and results of simulation. We gave a valuation of technology, rational parameters for more efficient use of equipment. Research of draw mining method coal (individual, waved, group, areal) modes has been carried out with using of developed resources.
Automated control system of floatation process
Authors: Grachev V V , Myshlyaev L P , Ivushkin A A , Shipunov M V , Tsiryapkina A V , Wenger M K
Published: November 2019

The generalized functional and integrated technical structures of the automated control system of floatation process at PJSC “TsOF “Berezovskaya” are presented. The description of the control modes, information, software and hardware systems are provided.
The control method of ropes slip of a mine winder with friction pulley
Authors: Kipervasser M V , Simakov V P , Anikanov D S
Published: November 2019

The reasons for the development of an emergency mode of ropes slip along the friction pulley are considered. The process of power conversion is described and a system of equations for the movement of vehicles and the electrical values of the drive is composed. A joint simulation of mechanical and electrical values in the electromechanical complex is performed.
Models and mechanisms for managing the deployment of IT service releases in the operational environment
Authors: Zimin A V , Burkova I V , Zimin V V
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the tasks of forming and scheduling the deployment of IT service releases, the settings of which are based on the data about the structure of services stored in the configuration database (CMDB) of the service provider and that help to estimate the number of IT service failures caused by violations in the state of the operational environment due to release deployment. Three sequentially solved problems are considered: the problem of determining the number of releases, the task of determining the releases composition and the task of determining the schedule for deploying releases. The proposed mechanism for determining the number of releases minimizes the deployment costs and limits the failure rate of IT services by the capacity of a channel servicing the failures. The problem of forming the releases composition is formulated and solved as a problem of stones. The proposed mechanism for determining the release deployment schedule uses the discrete version of the local optimization method and is aimed at minimizing the average failure service time while limiting the “lost time” (time duration of incomplete load of the service channel, which increases the total processing time of all failures).
The study of temperature fields in portogallo congestion in the vicinity of the hearth self-heating
Authors: Cherdantsev S V , Shlapakov P A , Lebedev K S , Yu Erastov A , Khaymin S A , Shlapakov E A , Kolykhalov V V
Published: November 2019

With the increase in the intensity of underground mining, due to the use of modern mining equipment and the use of new technological systems of cleaning works, cases of mani-festations of negative factors are becoming more frequent. The main ones are gas-dynamic and thermophysical processes in the atmosphere of mine workings, which significantly reduce productivity and safety in the mining industry. The article deals with the gas-dynamic and thermophysical parameters of shock-wave processes occurring in the atmosphere of mine workings. On the basis of the fundamental laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, formulas characterizing changes in pressure, density and temperature in the dust-gas-air mixtures behind the shock front are obtained. When obtaining formulas, it is taken into account that the heat capacity of dust and gas mixtures on different sides of the shock front is different. Built dependency graphs of pressure, density and temperature of mixtures from Mach number and the relationship of indicators of specific heats, Poisson. The analysis on the basis of which a number of regularities in the dust-gas-air flows of mine workings was found.
The analysis of conditions of occurrence of the processes of deflagration and detonation in dust-laden flue gas flows workings
Authors: Cherdantsev S V , Filatov Yu M
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the gas-dynamic and thermo-physical conditions of the transition in the processes of deflagration and detonation taking place in the dust-gas-air flows of mine workings near the centers of self-heating. On the basis of the classical laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, the formulas of the parameters of the dust-gas air flow crossing the heat supply zone are obtained. The graphs on the basis of which some conditions and regularities of the processes of chemical reaction of dust and air mixtures in the modes of deflagration and detonation are found.
Evaluation of safe (by gas criterion) process parameters for longwalls and gateways based on operational gas content measurement in coal seams
Authors: Kozyreva E N , Shinkevich M V
Published: November 2019

The article describes the effect exerted by variability of gas content of coal seam on its mining process parameters: geometry of longwalls, directions and velocities of face advance in longwalls and gateways, as well as overmining and (or) undermining of close-spaced seams. The results are applicable in efficient mine layout and safe mining design.
Mathematical modeling of the gas phase composition during combustion of a methane-coal mixture
Authors: Rybenko I A , Buintsev V N
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the process of combined combustion of methane and coal dust in the air in a closed reactor. The effects of the combustion reaction of a wet methane-coal dust mixture, such as temperature, pressure and the composition of the combustion products are calculated.
Color characteristics evaluation of ceramic brick made of coaly argillites
Authors: Stolboushkin A Yu , Fomina O A
Published: November 2019

It have been presented the study results of the ash content and mineral composition of the waste from the enrichment of carbonaceous argillites by thermal and X-ray phase analyzes. It has been shown using of coal waste as the main raw material for the production of building ceramics. Problems are noted in assessing and choosing the name of the color of ceramic bricks based on industrial wastes. A method for determining and adjusting color using a synthesized digital palette is described. The proposed use of search engines and digital color databases to determine the names of the colors of building ceramic materials.
A competitive mechanism for selecting a supplier by a coal mining company based on the use of a system for monitoring the exploitation of material and technical resources
Authors: Petrova T V , Strekalov S V
Published: November 2019

The feedforward and feedback of production departments and supply service of a large enterprise and the existing order and criterion for selecting a supplier of material and technical resources are described. It is shown that the minimum cost of material and technical resources is used as the dominant criterion for choosing a supplier, which, as a rule, leads to manipulation by the supplier and entails various risks for the enterprise. In the article to eliminate these shortcomings it is proposed to use a mechanism for selecting a supplier of material and technical resources using the monitoring system of material resource during its operations. The system for monitoring a material resource is a system collecting information about the total cost of a resource for an enterprise, which is formed both at the expense of the resource purchase price and at the costs of its use in the production process. For the implementation of a material resource monitoring system, standard format of a template was developed for entering the resource usage data into the system, also principles of its creation and effects from its use are also provided.
Business risks of Russian mineral companies realizing Arctic projects in the conditions of sanctions
Authors: Petrov I V , Krutov R A
Published: November 2019

The fuel and energy complex is the fundamental and systemically important basis of the economy of the Russian Federation. Stable development of the fuel and energy complex is possible due to the sustainable development of the country’s mineral and raw materials base, including the Arctic territories. Today, in connection with the events connected with the conflicts in the east of Ukraine and Crimea’s incorporation into Russia, restrictive economic and political measures or sanctions have been imposed against our state. One of the industrial sectors that felt their influence was the extraction of minerals and especially hydrocarbons. Effective management, which also includes risk management, will allow mineral raw materials and fuel and energy companies, if not to eliminate, but minimize the impact of sanctions on their activities. What is risk as a concept, features of business risks in the implementation of Arctic projects? What specific risks does the energy industry face in the course of its activities as a whole? What business risks are more likely to be affected by sanctions? What do fuel and energy companies first of all need to pay attention to? These questions are answered in the present paper.
The application of game theory principles for the increase in the productivity of coal industry workers
Authors: Petrov I V , Vasin A A , Vartanov S A
Published: November 2019

In the Russian Federation the main factor for the reduced labor productivity in the coal mining industry, with almost the same level of technological equipment as in other countries, is human: non-compliance with safety regulations, low motivation, lack of labor discipline among employees of enterprises. The solution to the problem of increasing the labor productivity of coal industry workers largely depends on how effective the fight against these factors is. By choosing the mechanisms of economic and administrative incentives for employees, as well as by creating a hierarchical control system, it is possible to ensure that the behavior optimal for employees is exactly what management needs. This work is devoted to the discussion of methodology for constructing such mechanisms, based on the analysis of game-theoretic models of organizing a safety management system at a coal mining enterprise, proposed in earlier works by the authors of the paper.
The shift of zoning in the architectural adaptation of stilt house
Authors: Anwar W.F. Febriati , Angkasa Z.
Published: November 2019

Indonesian’s society has character as collective society because of the stronger group interest than personal interests. It is reflected on the architecture of traditional stilt house particularly on its space order. However, the modern life brings the concept of individualism in the society and some changes in space order of stilt house. This paper aims to understand how the stilt house adapts to the space demand in responding the collective culture in current context. Study hypothesize that there is a change in applying the collective culture that influence the adaptation of the stilt house. In order to achieve that, this study observed the space used of nine old stilt houses in Palembang which were built in the period of 1928 to 1964. This study used the theory of collectivism and individualism to examine the origin and current space usage. Paper founds most of stilt houses use the space under the stilt structure as a part of its inner space. Furthermore, that there is a shift in the zoning of the space under the stilt house. For first use, the space change from collective function to individual as it bordered the space as inner side the house. Then the bordered space was arranged as public zone, shifted again to the collective function. Paper concludes that the shift reflect the life orientation changes in the society.
Public-private partnership for housing construction projects a comparative analysis of the success factors between Malaysia and Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad Zayyanu , Johar Foziah
Published: November 2019

Public-private partnership (PPP) has become a popular strategy for housing construction projects due to financial resource constraint and inefficiency of the public sector particularly in the developing countries of the world. However, numerous studies have attributed the success of PPP projects to the contextual peculiarities of different administrative settings. This case study research aims to undertake a comparative analysis of the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of PPP for housing construction projects between Malaysia and Nigeria. The study reveals that while “equitable risk allocation”, “stable political system”, and “reputable developer” are the most critical success factors in Nigeria, “action against errant developer”, “consistent monitoring”, and “house buyer’s demand” are found to be the most important factors that influenced the success the PPP housing construction projects in Malaysia. The findings of the study revealed the contextual predictors that influences the success of PPP for housing construction in the two countries. The authors concluded that although the PPP strategy was applied in housing construction projects in the two cases examined, the comparative importance of the CSFs for Nigeria differs from that of Malaysia due to differences in contextual peculiarities in the two countries.
Monoglyceride and monoglyceride derivatives from glycerol generated in catfish based biodiesel production process
Authors: Hue Bui Thi Buu , Hong Luong Thi Phuong , Phuoc Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Si Phan Tien , Matsubara Takeo , Kitaya Yoshiak , Endo Ryosuke
Published: November 2019

Glycerol is a major byproduct in the biodiesel manufacturing process which causes environmental problem since glycerol cannot be released without treatment. In this study, crude glycerol was refined into a pure form by using phosphoric acid. Esterification of the purified glycerol with oleic acid afforded glycerol monooleate in 43% yield using p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The obtained glycerol monooleate was then allowed to react with lactic acid, acetic acid or diacetyl tartaric acid to provide the corresponding lactylated, acetylated or diacetyl tartarylated glycerol monooleate, respectively, in reasonable yields. These ester derivatives of monoglycerides have been known to be the most commonly used food surfactants.
Ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with surfactants
Authors: Aryanti N , Widiasa I N , Susanto H
Published: November 2019

Application of ultrafiltration membrane in the separation of oil-in-water emulsion has a consequence of fouling formation and relate to significantly flux reduction. Filtration of oil-in-water emulsions is challenging since both oil and surfactant have interaction with the membranes. In addition, there is a possibility of droplet deformation to enter the membrane pores. This research was focused on the effect of surfactant type on the ultrafiltration performance. Models of oil-in-water emulsion consisted of crude oil, diesel oil and lubricant oil as dispersed phase and mixture of distilled water with the addition of 0.1% of Tween 80 or Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate as the continuous phase. Flat-sheet Polyethersulfone having 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off was selected as the membrane. The result showed that there were fluxes decline during 2 hours of operation in ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80). On the other hand, when oil-in-water emulsion was stabilized with anionic surfactant (Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate), the fluxes were relatively constant during 2 hours filtration. The COD rejection was in the range of 98-97%, 94-96% and 90-94% for oil types of crude oil, diesel oil and lubricant oil respectively. Total oil content rejection was found as 98-99% for both crude oil and lubricant oil and 98-97% for the diesel oil. Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy, images of the membrane after filtration of oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with Tween 80 showed foulant deposit which was predicted as oil and surfactant. However, when filtering oil-in-water stabilized surfactant only less deposit on the membrane surface was observed.
The effect of reactive red 2 initial concentration on COD and colour degradation by using Fenton, Fenton/TiO2, Fenton/UV, and Fenton/TiO2/UV methods
Authors: Agustina Tuty , Teguh Dedi , Wijaya Yourdan , Febrian M , Bustomi Ahmad , Jantan M , Ghita T , Rebecca Tessa
Published: November 2019

One area that is developing in Indonesia is in the area of textile industry. These industries absorb a lot of labor and contribute to the country’s foreign exchange but have a negative impact in the form of wastewater produced. The wastewater produced generally contains synthetic dyes such as Reactive Red 2 (RR2). This synthetic coloring material will pollute the environment if it is not well treated first before being discharged into the environment. In this study, RR2 will be used as a pollutant model. RR2 will be treated by several methods. Pollutant concentration is an important parameter in determining the most appropriate treatment method. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of RR2 initial concentration on reducing COD and color using Fenton, Fenton/TiO2, Fenton/UV, and Fenton/TiO2/UV methods. RR2 concentration was varied between 150-300 ppm. As the results, RR2 concentration from 150-300 ppm does not significantly affect the percentage of color degradation. However, at high concentration of 250 and 300 ppm, the percentage of COD degradation decrease by increasing concentration of RR2. When using 150 ppm of RR2, the highest COD and color degradation of 98.8 % and 89.5 %, respectively were achieved by using the Fenton/TiO2/UV methods.
Utilization of sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib mixture as raw materials for paper making using acetosolve method
Authors: Aprianti Tine
Published: November 2019

Paper making requires raw materials with high cellulose and hemicellulose content. The alternative materials that can be used in the paper making are sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib. The paper production method used in this study is acetosolve which involves acetic acid as an organic solvent. The objectives of this research are to figure out the acetic acid concentration in delignification process and the ratio between sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib that produce pulp with the highest yield, cellulose and kappa number. In this research, there are some variables, the first is the levels of acetic acid concentration in delignification process, which are 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, the second is the ratio between sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib, which are 20:0, 18:2, 16:4, 14:6, 12:8, 10:10. The results show that the best pulping conditions are found to be 80% acetic acid concentration with 12:8 (w/w) ratio between sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib, and also 1:20 (w/v) ratio between raw material and solution of acetic acid at two hours cooking duration. The highest yield of pulp in acetosolve process was 63.1%, and its characteristics are 84.67% of cellulose and 10.44 kappa number.
Comparative study on the level of interest in the maintenance of apartment and office building in Jakarta
Authors: Dermawan Hans
Published: November 2019

Jakarta has ranks 14th place as the number of city with many high rise buildings in the world. As time goes by, destruction of property could not avoided again. Hence, rearing and care of work building is very important and carried on preconstruction stage, construction stage and post-construction stage in the aftermath of routinely, continious and periodic by taking into account technical specification material. With the routine maintenance, it is expected that the damage occurs does not require for cost of repair / high maintenance. The government have standard of maintenance building in regulation Minister of Public Work no.24/PRT/M/2008, but in fact the application of the rule often inconsistency. Therefore this research needed to identification and comparing between maintenance in apartment and office building in Jakarta. This research using validity and reliabiltiy test, method analysis factor used for grouping every components, the correlation test used to know related coeficient of components in maintenance building. Data obtained from 36 respondents apartment priority components of maintenance are maintenance of panel alarm, electricty panel and pumps. 37 respondents office building priority components of maintenance are ceiling maintenance, vertical transportation system and pumps. Differences of the priority components caused by difference of maintenance level interest, function building, the ownership and intensity of using the components.
Predicting the Vulnerable Area of Tsunami Hazard Using CADMAS Surf 3D Case Study: Kolaka City, Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Usman Fadly
Published: November 2019

Tsunami is an unpredictable disaster. However, efforts to anticipate the tsunami disaster must be done. This research is done based on the earthquake’s history around Kolaka. Based on the location of the point of an earthquake and coastal area in Kolaka City, a numerical simulation analysis was performed using CADMAS Surf 3D to predict the speed and wave height when tsunamis happen after the earthquake. The tsunami analysis indicates that the affected area is based on wave velocity, wave height and topography condition in the coastal area of Kolaka City. Spatial analysis is used to delineate the tsunami-affected areas in Kolaka City. Based on the delineation of affected areas, local governments can take other preventive measures such as making maps of tsunami-prone areas with attributes such as evacuation routes, safe areas, temporary evacuation sites, and so on.
Building information modelling in Malaysian industrialised building system
Authors: Saar Chai Chang , Siang Tan Cher , Ahmad Bajuri Fatin Afiqah , Chuing Loo Siaw , Yusof Aminah Md , Sheng Lee Xia
Published: November 2019

The growing demand of housing has prompted the Malaysian construction practitioners to realize the benefits of Industrialised Building System (IBS). Despite its advantages, IBS in Malaysia is plagued partly due to inefficient adoption strategy and lack of awareness among the practitioners. Hence Building Information Modelling (BIM) is introduced to facilitate the life-cycle of the project by eliminating construction inefficiencies. The aim of the study is to evaluate the BIM functions in relation to Malaysian IBS work process. In order to achieve the aim, the effectiveness of IBS and BIM implementation in Malaysia were identified. The data is collected through interview sessions with seven (7) IBS-BIM practitioners. Data from the interview were analysed using Content Analysis, summative approach. From the analysis, it was found that there were 4 BIM functions (clash detection, visualization, shop drawing, coordination) are able to integrate in 3 IBS wrork process (initial work, component production and installation). The causal relationship of IBS-BIM was formulated through linear equation method tabulated from content analysis results. The causal relationship of IBS-BIM explained BIM integrated functions in relation to IBS work flow. This study is essential to assist IBS practitioners to strategies their strategies in enhancing its productivity through the BIM implementation.
The effect of concrete cover thickness subjected to elevated temperatures
Authors: Khiyon M Iqbal , Kadir M A A , Mohd Sam A.R , Hasanah N , Mohamed R N , Yussof M M , Mohamad Zukri Siti Nurul Nureda , Nurizaty Z
Published: November 2019

Concrete cover plays an important role in protecting the reinforcement from harmful environments and high temperatures. In this study, the effects of the concrete cover containing garnet and rebar prepared with cover thicknesses of 20 and 30 mm and subjected to temperatures of 20°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for 1-hour duration were determined by conducting ultrasonic-pulse velocity and tensile tests. The results of the study show that concrete specimens with cover 30 mm protect steel completely before they disintegrate, almost up to 300°C and by replacing sand with 40% of garnet, gives significantly better fire resistance than normal concrete.
Experimental Evaluation of Composite Beam-to-Column Joint Using Cold-Formed Steel Sections
Authors: Sulaiman Arizu , Salleh Noraini Mohd , Sukardi Nuraziyati , Siang Tan Cher , Saggaff Anis
Published: November 2019

This paper is focusing on the experimental investigation of composite beam-to-column joint formed by a composite concrete slab and two lipped cold-formed steel C-sections placed back-to-back as beam and column. As the bare joint of cold-formed sections might not have higher moment resistant, a composite action from the composite concrete slab is utilized and expected to enhance the load carrying capacity of the joint. Two specimens namely the composite joint and non-composite joint are constructed and tested until failure under a point load at a certain eccentricity from the face of the column to induce moment to the joint. All components which are the decking, hot rolled plate, bolts and reinforcement bar used were the same for both specimens except the arrangement of the longitudinal bars. The relationship between the load and deflection, and subsequently, the moment and rotation of the joints are obtained specifically, the ultimate load and the respective moment resistance. It is found out that the composite joint yields higher ultimate load and moment resistance compare to the non-composite joint. The results also indicate that a composite joint has credible rotation and moment resistance, and the fracture of the joint occurs after substantial rotational deformation has been achieved.
Construction cost index: a case study in Malaysia
Authors: Saar Chai Chang , Chuing Loo Siaw , Yusof Aminah Md , Zakaria Rozana , Chuan Theong May
Published: November 2019

Construction Cost Index (CCI) is introduced to enhance cost forecasting in construction projects. However, the effectiveness and its application in the developing countries are limited. Therefore, a case study is conducted in Malaysia to investigate the effectiveness of CCI in developing country. In order to achieve the aim, the objectives of the study are to identify the CCI implementation factors, challenges of CCI that hindering its implementation and to justify its applicability in developing countries. Quantitative approach is selected for data collection. 1000 sets of questionnaires were distributed to the construction industry stakeholders. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were employed to analyse the collected data. It is found that encouragement from local government plays a vital role in CCI concept. Meanwhile, the reliability and validity of CCI remain as the major CCI implementation challenges in the industry. From the SEM, a causal relationship framework of CCI implementation factors and CCI functions is developed. The framework is important to serve as an implementation guideline for the stakeholders. This study is significant to provide an insight overview of CCI to the stakeholders to enhance cost estimating efficiency.
Behavior of bagasse ash-calcium carbide residue stabilized soil with polyester fiber inclusion
Authors: Hatmoko John Tri , Suryadharma Hendra
Published: November 2019

Bagasse ash is a non-cohesive waste material having small specific gravity that is relatively smaller than that of normal soil, and it behaves as pozzolanic material. Whereas calcium carbide residue (CCR) is hazardous waste materials containing high calcium. Research about using of bagasse ash and CCR is continually in progress. In this paper, a series of experimental studies was undertaken to study the individual and combined effects of randomly oriented polyester fiber inclusions on bagasse ash-CCR stabilized soil. The first step was carried out compaction test on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 36 days-cured soil-mixed with 8% CCR to get optimum curing period that was found at 28 days. Then, the test of soil + 8% CCR + bagasse ash with proportion of 3, 6, 9 and 12% was performed on unconfined compression test to get the best proportion of bagasse ash. That was found 9%. Finally, compaction, direct shear, and unconfined compression tests were performed on 2% fiber inclusion on bagasse ash-CCR stabilized soil (soil + 8% CCR + 9% bagasse ash). Stiffness and maximum dry density (MDD) of soil increase due to additional of CCR, however, it is not significantly affected by the polyester fiber inclusion. Improvement shear strength of stabilized soil is mostly affected by the increase of cohesion rather than due to improvement of internal friction angle. Ductility of bagasse ash-CCR soil mixture increased because of the present of polyester fiber reinforcement.
Repeatability of reclaimed asphalt pavement as related to properties of bitumen
Authors: Idham Mohd Khairul , Hainin Mohd Rosli , Yaacob Haryati , Warid M. Naqiuddin M. , Puan Othman Che , Hassan Norhidayah Abdul , Mohamed Azman , Mudiyono Rachmat
Published: November 2019

Material recycling is one of the best solution that support sustainability aspect and at the same time reduce the construction and material cost. One of the common method in bituminous recycling is using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Although usage of RAP in the pavement has been established, properties of bitumen after repeated recycling process is unclear. Bitumen was extracted from recommended recycled mixtures that had undergone through repeated recycling process. In this study, bitumen was assessed in three different ageing stages namely 0 Cycle, 1st Cycle and 2nd Cycle. 0 Cycle is the sample which extracted from fresh mixture (represents 100% fresh materials). 1st and 2nd Cycles represent the number of recycling process. Penetration, softening point and viscosity test were used to evaluate the properties of extracted bitumen. From the tests, the results indicate that repeated recycling process generally increased hardness of the bitumen. This result was proven with the reduction in penetration value and increased in softening point temperature. Furthermore, it was also discovered that multiple recycling stages reduced the mixture workability, which was demonstrated by the increment of viscosity value. Hence, recycling process without any rejuvenator is applicable up to certain levels only.
Theoretical Modal Characteristics of Integral Abutment Bridge With Bored Piles Foundation
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Khairil , Rahman Azlan Ab , Ahmad Baderul Hisham , Abas Fairul Zahri Mohamad
Published: November 2019

Since 2008, the Public Works Department of Malaysia had adopted the integral abutment bridge concept as one of the initiatives to reduce the maintenance costs of bridges. Although this type of bridge is popular in the developed country such as United States, United Kingdom and Japan, the use of integral bridges in the South East Asia Country is considered relatively new. While most of the researches focussed on theoretical dynamic characteristic of bridge founded with H-piles, this paper presents the theoretical dynamic characteristics of integral bridge abutment with bored piles determined by the FE modal analysis performed by using ABAQUS software. A single-span integral bridge located in Pahang, Malaysia has been selected as the case study. The modal characteristics of the same design of bridge with simply supported bridge yield different values of modal frequency, which are higher. From the FE modelling result, it was found that the integral bridge with the bored piles type of foundation possess lower natural frequencies compared to the simply supported bridge of similar type of foundation.
Building Energy Intensity Measurement for Potential Retrofitting of Zero Energy Building in Higher Learning Institution
Authors: Abidin Nur Izie Adiana , Zakaria Rozana , Pauzi Nurul Noraziemah Mohd , Mustaffar Mushairry , Saleh Abd Latif , Bandi Masilah
Published: November 2019

Energy is currently world debate and being a prominent issue especially in industrial, transportation, residential and service sector. Service sector that includes all commercial and public buildings are also being the major contributor of global energy consumption. Higher Learning Institution (HLI) are among public buildings that the energy demand has become a critical issue, in which HLI need to spend a considerable high amount of money annually for electricity consumption. This energy issue somehow can be improved by implementing the retrofit to existing building which employed energy efficient technology, where it involves modifications using sustainable building criteria. This paper highlighted various options for building retrofitting which from lean steps, green technology and clean energy. M50 building in Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) was chosen as a case study and in situ energy audit of Building Energy Intensity (BEI) was conducted by identifying the types of equipment and machinery used in the building together with its period of operations and their power usage under typical operation. The outcome of the study proposed the retrofit strategies that are suitable to be implemented towards zero energy building. It is a cornerstone of reducing the energy usage with sustainability efforts together with economic stimulus packages.