bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo para o reparoveitamento dos resíduos sólidos produzidos nas aulas do laboratório de alvenarias do curso de Construção Civil do Cefet-RJ
Authors: Rocha Pedro Aurélio Ferreira , Tozatto João Hermem Fagundes
Published: February 2023

São frequentes os debates sobre sustentabilidade, assim como surgem projetos para solucionar ou atenuar problemas causados pela grande quantidade de resíduos gerados em obras. Num ambiente onde ensaios são frequentes, esse projeto surge com a intenção de reaproveitar os resíduos gerados no laboratório de alvenarias e revestimentos do curso técnico de edificações. Inicialmente procurou-se estudar os materiais e técnicas utilizados nas aulas práticas do laboratório. A partir daí, quantificou-se os resíduos gerados. Houve um direcionamento para a abordagem da chamada “argalama” (mistura pedagógica de saibro com areia e água). Ela foi criada pelo corpo docente do curso com o objetivo de simular a textura da argamassa real, sem, no entanto, apresentar os inconvenientes de gerar RCD’s pelo endurecimento do cimento. A “argamassa” pedagógica pode ser facilmente demolida após o ensaio. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de estudar o reaproveitamento da “argalama” em mais de um ensaio. Apesar dos diversos obstáculos encontrados para a realização da parte laboratorial do estudo, realizaram-se experimentos com resultados significativos, que geraram sugestões que poderão ser incorporadas nas aulas desse ambiente laboratorial. outras também foram apresentadas para futuras pesquisas, tais como o reaproveitamento de tijolos e azulejos.
La desecación de humedales favorece la emisión de CO2 desde los sedimentos emergidos
Authors: Rodríguez-Gómez Sofía , Montes-Pérez Jorge Juan , Warren-Jiménez Paula , Gil Gil Teresa , Conejo-Orosa Teresa , Moreno-Ostos Enrique
Published: February 2023

La elevada producción primaria de los humedales y las condiciones anaeróbicas del sedimento los convierten en sumideros de carbono atmosférico. Su desecación pone en contacto con el aire sedimentos previamente inundados, potenciando la respiración aeróbica microbiana y la removilización del carbono orgánico almacenado durante largos periodos. Así, el humedal puede transformarse en una fuente de CO2. En este trabajo se midieron los flujos de CO2 en sedimentos emergidos de un humedal restaurado durante un evento de desecación parcial. Sólo los sedimentos anegados se comportaron como sumidero de carbono, mientras que todos los demás lechos sedimentarios fueron fuentes de CO2. La emisión se relacionó con la humedad del sedimento mediante una tendencia polinomial. El flujo de CO2 correlacionó directamente con la temperatura del sedimento, e inversamente con su pH. Se señalan algunas implicaciones para la gestión del humedal restaurado.
Factors Constraining Farmer’s Adoption of the E-National Agriculture Market (eNAM) in Sultanpur District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Gautam Sandeep , Supriya . , Srivastava Aditya Bhooshan , Bohra Diksha
Published: February 2023

The study attempt to analyse the constraints faced by the farmers and traders in the adoption of eNAM in the Sultanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Data were collected by personal interview with 90 farmers and 30 traders in the district as the survey schedule were prepared. The methodology were used to analyse the constraints faced by the farmers and traders in the adoption of eNAM is Garrett’s ranking technique in terms of ranks and total mean (score). This study reveal that major constraints faced by the farmers in the adoption of  eNAM were they need cash payment to meet immediate expenses (I), strong trust in physical presence for selling (II), problems regarding receiving payments for produce, and lack of faith on the online transaction(III), difficulties in the online payment process(IV), Farmers were uncomfortable using technology/computers(V), digital payments were a barrier in repayment of informal loans taken (VI), etc. in case of traders the major constraints were faced by them in the adoption of eNAM i.e. high transportation cost(I), management problems of produce unsold (II), complaints settlement(III), fear of invasion by large traders (IV), insufficient number of computer operators (V), difficulty in getting a license (VI), etc. were the major constraints which had a great impact in adoption of e-NAM among farmers and traders. Therefore government should take some steps regarding the awareness of farmers that they faced significant challenges due to complicated and time consuming methods of trading in the eNAM system.
Analysis of Determinants of Demand for Rice in Sokoto North Local Government Area, Sokoto State
Authors: Muhammed Sule , Chika Maureen Okaforocha , Christian Itodo Itodo , Chuks Okafor Vicent
Published: February 2023

The research work analyzed the determinants of demand for rice in Sokoto North Local government Area of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Primary data were sourced using quota sampling technique to select 120 respondents from the study area with the aid of questionnaires. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The use of tables, percentages and frequency counts form parts of the descriptive statistics while the inferential statistics include ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis. The results of regression have shown price of rice, household size and income of household to be statistically significant at 1%, 5% and 1% level respectively. The prices of substitute commodities were not significant. The demand for rice was found to be price inelastic; the income elasticity was positive and elastic, making rice a normal good. However, cross price elasticity with substitute commodities were not significant. Income of household being elastic affected the demand for rice in the area than price of rice. The study concluded that the statistically significant variables were responsible for the demand for rice in the study area. It finally recommended domestic production and milling of rice and value addition be encouraged with a view to discouraging importation of rice, saving foreign exchange and improving consumers’ real income among others.
Triple X Syndrome with Congenital Anomalies: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bahous E. , Saghir S. , Ayad A. , Sellouti M. , Abilkassim R. , Agadr A.
Published: February 2023

Triple X syndrome is a relatively common chromosomal abnormality affecting 0.1% of live-born girls. Most of these girls have a normal phenotype and only a few cases have birth defects. The diagnosis of triple X syndrome may never be made because the clinical manifestations are not important to prompt the request for a karyotype. Prenatal diagnosis is often made before advanced maternal age. Parents of triple X children should be counseled regarding the significance of this syndrome and its prognosis. We report a case of triple X syndrome diagnosed in a five-day-old female newborn, with facial asymmetry, a palpebral coloboma and bilateral auricular appendages, the diagnosis was established by cytogenetic study on a constitutional karyotype which showed profile 47, XXX. Informed parental consent is required.
Measurement and Analysis of Noise Levels: A Study of Selected Pubs in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Obi Emmanuel , Ekah Ukoette Jeremiah , Ewona Igwe
Published: February 2023

This research involves the assessment of noise levels in pubs operating in Calabar, Nigeria, to investigate their compliance with the permissible noise level recommended by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Nigeria. A Bam and Kom (BK) Precision 732 digital sound level meter placed on a tripod was used for the measurement of noise levels for three consecutive months, from 6:00pm to 10:00pm. The measured data were subjected to descriptive statistics using excel spreadsheet and the results were presented in the forms of graphs, bar chart and in tabular form. Average equivalent noise level obtained for pubs A, B, C, D and E were 86.5dB, 75.7dB, 75.9dB, 90.0dB and 81.9dB, respectively. Results show that all the pubs under study were in excess of the permissible noise level recommended by NESREA.
Influence of Elicitors and Seed Rate on Enhancing Growth and Seed Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)
Authors: Banu Most. Khodaiza , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Kabir Sayma , Akter Mst. Shapla , Hashi Samsun Nahar , Roy Sanchita , Akter Akhi , Samad Md. Abdus
Published: February 2023

The influence of elicitors (different types viz., T1= control, T2= salicylic acid 50 ppm, T3= gibberellic acid 100 ppm, T4= pinching and seed rate (different levels viz., R1= 8 kg ha-1, R2= 10 kg ha-1, R3= 12 kg ha-1) on enhancing growth and seed yield of black cumin was investigated at Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during November 2020 to March 2021. Growth related data was maximum on T4 (pinching) treatment but in case of seed yield, T2 (salicylic acid 50 ppm) treatment showed the best result. In case of growth characters, R1 (8 kg ha-1 seed rate) treatment revealed the best result but in case of seed yield, R3 (12 kg ha-1 seed rate) treatment showed the best result. Under this investigation, it was revealed that the highest seed yield per hector (3.89 t) was found from the of T2R3 (salicylic acid 50 ppm and 12 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination which is statistically similar (3.64 t) to T4R3 (pinching and 12 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination compared (1.61 t) to T1R1 (control and 8 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination.  The highest gross return (Tk. 1166520), net return (Tk. 832522) were obtained from the treatment combination T2R3 (salicylic acid 50 ppm and 12 kg/ha seed rate) where the lowest gross return (Tk. 485010), net return (Tk. 220500) were obtained from T1R1 (control and 8 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination. The highest BCR (3.57) was obtain from the treatment combination T4R3 (pinching and 12 kg/ha seed rate) where the lowest BCR (1.83) was found from T1R1 (control and 8 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination. Economic analysis revealed that the treatment combination T4R3 (pinching and 12 kg/ha seed rate) was economically profitable than T2R3 (salicylic acid 50 ppm and 12 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination for black cumin cultivation.
A Comparative Study of Evapotranspiration Calculated from Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data for Gaya District, India
Authors: Singh I. , Mishra A. R. , Suryavanshi S.
Published: February 2023

A study on evapotranspiration for wheat was conducted in the two-year Rabi season crop from November, 2017 to April, 2018 and from November, 2018 to April 2019 at Gaya District, Bihar. Spatio-temporal information on actual evapotranspiration (ETa) helps users to better understand evaporative depletion and to establish links between land use, water allocation, and water use. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was adopted for the Gaya District, employing the essential adaptations for local soil and meteorological conditions. AOI images were used to retrieve the needed of spectral data. The results have been compared to the in-situ measurements of CROPWAT Model, Makkink Model (MM) and remote sensing SEBAL model. A precise and uniform assessment of reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is required due to its crucial role in estimating the crop water needs in irrigated agriculture. The aim of this work was to estimate evapotranspiration (ETc) in a semi-arid environment using freely accessible earth observation datasets and a regionally distributed crop coefficient (Kc). Based on a regionally distributed crop coefficient (Kc), the SEBAL and Makkink models were used to anticipate the actual evapotranspiration (ETc). The Makkink model fared adequately when compared to the standard Penman-Monteith model estimate (R2=0.88), according to statistical tests for model comparison. Analysis also demonstrates distributed actual evapotranspiration from the Penman-Monteith model and actual evapotranspiration based on the Makkink model with R2 = 0.76, respectively. The result implies that the Penman-Monteith model-based ETo and Makkink model estimations of ETo are very similar. ETc estimated by SEBAL was also compared with PM ETc with the help of crop coefficient. Additionally, the validation of model’s was performed with the analysis of correlation between models ETc and district level wheat production and area under crop of two years. The results of this analysis outline that water availability and good amount of rainfall gives higher wheat yield and resulted into more etc.
Effects of Micro Current, Collagen, and DMAE on the Connective Tissue of Wistar Rats Evaluated by Methods Histological and Gravimetric
Authors: Neto Agrinazio Geraldo do Nascimento , Silva Rafael Honório e , Silva Maisa Adriele Nalves Da , Araujo Warly Neves de , Herrera Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto , Chiacchio Adolpho Dias , Silva Marcos Gontijo da , Gontijo Érica Eugênio Lourenço
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Skin aging is a degenerative process, involving intrinsic and extrinsic factors, being related to photoaging, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, a process that induces the degenerative effect in the collagen network. In order to minimize skin aging, the intake of collagen, micro current and DMAE is an alternative in the aesthetic environment, however, the mechanisms of action involved in these phenomena are not fully understood.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between CM actions and direct collagen administration such as oral supplementation and DMAE, in the effectiveness or efficiency in the rejuvenation of integrodermal tissues in rats that did not suffer tissue injury, from their observed effects on connective tissue.

Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 12 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), subdivided into four groups, respectively, control group (CG) that will not receive application of micro current (CM); treatment-7 group (GT7), which will receive an MC applications for one week once a day; collagen treatment group (GTCo), in which hydrolyzed collagen will be administered orally for 1 week (1 per day); and DMAE treatment group (GTD), in which intradermal microinjection of DMAE will be applied. After treatment, the skin tissues of the animals were analyzed by histological techniques and by gravimetric method.

Results: The GTCo presented an average area in μm2 and a higher percentage when compared to the control by analysis of variance with p: 0.044.

Conclusion: The use of oral collagen for seven days in animals was efficient after histological analysis.
Camouflaged Adversarial Patch Attack on Object Detector
Authors: Kim Jeonghun , Yang Hunmin , Oh Se-Yoon
Published: February 2023

Adversarial attacks have received great attentions for their capacity to distract state-of-the-art neural networks by modifying objects in physical domain. Patch-based attack especially have got much attention for its optimization effectiveness and feasible adaptation to any objects to attack neural network-based object detectors. However, despite their strong attack performance, generated patches are strongly perceptible for humans, violating the fundamental assumption of adversarial examples. In this paper, we propose a camouflaged adversarial patch optimization method using military camouflage assessment metrics for naturalistic patch attacks. We also investigate camouflaged attack loss functions, applications of various camouflaged patches on army tank images, and validate the proposed approach with extensive experiments attacking Yolov5 detection model. Our methods produce more natural and realistic looking camouflaged patches while achieving competitive performance.
What Is an Ectopic Pregnancy?
Authors: Lee Iris T. , Barnhart Kurt T.
Published: February 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes ectopic pregnancy and its risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Accuracy of Electronic Health Record Food Insecurity, Housing Instability, and Financial Strain Screening in Adult Primary Care
Authors: Harle Christopher A. , Wu Wei , Vest Joshua R.
Published: February 2023

This study assesses the accuracy of electronic health record–based screening questionnaires about social risk factors using external single-domain questionnaires as a comparator.
Association Between Drug Characteristics and Manufacturer Spending on Direct-to-Consumer Advertising
Authors: DiStefano Michael J. , Markell Jenny M. , Doherty Caroline C. , Alexander G. Caleb , Anderson Gerard F.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Some drugs are heavily marketed through direct-to-consumer advertising.

Objective

To identify drug characteristics associated with a greater share of promotional spending on advertising directly to consumers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Exploratory cross-sectional analysis of drug characteristics and promotional spending for the 150 top-selling branded prescription drugs in the US in 2020 as identified from IQVIA National Sales Perspectives data. Promotional spending data were provided by IQVIA ChannelDynamics.

Exposures

Drug characteristics (total 2020 sales; total 2020 promotional spending; clinical benefit ratings; number of indications, off-label use; molecule type; nature of condition treated; administration type; generic availability; US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] approval year, World Health Organization anatomical therapeutic chemical classification; Medicare annual mean spending per beneficiary; percent sales attributable to the drug; market size; market competitiveness) assessed from health technology assessment agencies (France’s Haute Autorité de Santé and Canada’s Patented Medicine Prices Review Board) and drug data sources (Drugs@FDA, the FDA Purple Book, Lexicomp, Merative Marketscan Research Databases, and Medicare Spending by Drug data).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Proportion of total promotional spending allocated to direct-to-consumer-advertising for each drug.

Results

The 2020 median proportion of promotional spending allocated to direct-to-consumer advertising was 13.5% (IQR, 1.96%-36.6%); median promotional spending, $20.9 million (IQR, $2.72-$131 million); and median total sales, $1.51 billion (IQR, $0.97-$2.26 billion). Of the 150 best-selling drugs, 16 were missing data and key covariates; therefore, the primary study sample comprised 134 drugs. After adjustment for multiple drug characteristics, the mean proportion of total promotional spending allocated to direct-to-consumer advertising for the remaining 134 drugs was an absolute 14.3% (95% CI, 1.43%-27.2%; P = .03) higher for those with low added clinical benefit than for those with high added clinical benefit and an absolute 1.5% (95% CI, 0.44%-2.56%; P = .005) higher for each 10% increase in total sales.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among top-selling US drugs in 2020, a rating of lower added benefit and higher total drug sales were associated with a higher proportion of manufacturer total promotional spending allocated to direct-to-consumer advertising. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings.
Assessment of Consumer Complaint Investigation Scores, Recertification Survey Scores, and Overall Nursing Home Health Inspection Star Quality Rating
Authors: Peterson Lindsay J. , Bowblis John R.
Published: February 2023

Importance

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Five-Star Quality Rating System combines results from nursing home recertification surveys and complaint investigations into a single indicator for health inspections. This combination may mask complaint investigation results.

Objective

To construct and compare star ratings specific to recertification surveys and specific to complaint investigations to discern whether they provide different information.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this quality improvement study, the Nursing Home Compare Five-Star Quality Rating System was used to calculate three 5-star ratings: 1 overall health inspection rating combining recertification survey scores and complaint investigation scores, 1 using only recertification scores, and 1 using only complaint investigation scores. The study included US nursing homes. The sample calculated star ratings for nursing homes in November 2017. This sample included all whose most recent recertification surveys occurred in 2016 up to and including November 2017, and those with 36 months of data from the ASPEN Complaints/Incidents Tracking System and the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports. Data analyses were completed on different days in 2022, depending on which questions were being addressed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Comparison of the 3 star rating distributions. The recertification survey and complaint investigation star ratings were compared with respect to the overall health investigation rating. The recertification and complaint star ratings were cross-tabulated.

Results

Among the 15 499 nursing homes, 19.8% had 1 overall health inspection star, 23.2% had 2, 23.2% had 3, 23.2% had 4, and 9.8% had 5 overall health inspection stars. Most had the same overall and recertification star ratings; for example, 79.4% had 5 overall stars and 5 recertification survey stars. However, overall and complaint-based star ratings were discordant, with a relatively large proportion of nursing homes (25.7%) having no complaint deficiencies and therefore high star ratings.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this quality improvement study assessing the 2 components of the Five-Star Quality Rating System, results of recertification surveys were largely similar to health inspection star ratings. However, recertification survey scores differed from complaint inspection scores, suggesting health inspection ratings may not reflect consumers’ views of care, services, or other valued amenities. A complaint-focused metric may have utility. However, research is needed concerning the many nursing homes with no or very few complaint deficiencies.
Association Between Opioid Tapering and Subsequent Health Care Use, Medication Adherence, and Chronic Condition Control
Authors: Magnan Elizabeth M. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Xing Guibo , Agnoli Alicia , Jerant Anthony , Fenton Joshua J.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Opioid tapering has been associated with negative consequences, such as increased overdoses and mental health needs. Tapering could also alter use of health care services and worsen care of comorbid conditions through disruption in primary care.

Objective

To evaluate tapering of stable long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) and subsequent health care service use and chronic condition care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2019. Data analysis was performed from July 9, 2020, to December 9, 2022. Data from the Optum Labs Data Warehouse, which contains deidentified retrospective administrative claims data and linked electronic health record data for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees, were used. Adults aged 18 years or older prescribed stable doses of LTOT at 50 morphine milligram equivalents or more per day during a 12-month baseline period were included, including subcohorts with hypertension or diabetes.

Exposures

Opioid tapering, with 15% or more relative reduction in mean daily dose in 6 overlapping periods during 6 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Emergency department visits, hospitalizations, primary care and specialist visits, antihypertensive or antiglycemic medication adherence, and blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c levels during up to 12 months’ follow-up. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, health care use, and chronic condition control.

Results

Among 113 604 patients (60 764 [53.5%] women; mean [SD] age, 58.1 [11.8] years) prescribed LTOT, 41 207 had hypertension and 23 335 had diabetes; in all cohorts, approximately half were women, and half were aged 50 to 65 years. In the overall cohort, tapering was associated with more emergency department visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16-1.21) and hospitalizations (aIRR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.12-1.20), with similar magnitude associations in the hypertension and diabetes subcohorts. Tapering was associated with fewer primary care visits in the overall cohort (aIRR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.96) and hypertension subcohort (aIRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99). For the hypertension or diabetes subcohorts, tapering was associated with reduced medication adherence (hypertension: aIRR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.59-0.62; diabetes: aIRR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.67-0.71) and small increases in diastolic blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c level.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients prescribed LTOT, opioid tapering was associated with more emergency department visits and hospitalizations, fewer primary care visits, and reduced antihypertensive and antidiabetic medication adherence. These outcomes may represent unintended negative consequences of opioid tapering for policy makers and clinicians to consider.
Towards a standardized protocol to assess natural capital and ecosystem services in solar parks
Authors: Carvalho Fabio , Treasure Lucy , Robinson Samuel J. B. , Blaydes Hollie , Exley Giles , Hayes Rachel , Howell Belinda , Keith Aidan , Montag Hannah , Parker Guy , Sharp Stuart P. , Witten Cameron , Armstrong Alona
Published: February 2023

Natural capital and ecosystem services have emerged as fundamental concepts of ecosystem management strategies in the past two decades, particularly within major international land assessment frameworks, including the UN's Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services' Global Assessment Report.

Despite the recent development of several analytical methods and models to quantify changes in natural capital and ecosystem services resulting from land use change, incorporating them into the land planning process can be challenging from a practical point of view without guidance on standard methods.

In an attempt to decarbonize energy supply systems to meet internationally agreed targets on climate change, solar energy production, in the form of ground‐mounted solar parks, is emerging as one of the dominant forms of temporary land use for renewable energies globally.

We propose 19 directly measurable indicators associated with 16 ecosystem services within three major stocks of natural capital (biodiversity, soil and water) that are most likely to be impacted by the development of solar parks. Indicators are supported by well‐established methods that have been widely used in pure and applied land use research within terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, they can be implemented flexibly according to interest or land management objectives.

Whilst not intended as a precise recipe for how to assess the effects of solar park development on hosting ecosystems, the protocol will guide the solar energy industry and all actors involved, be they researchers, practitioners, ecological consultancies or statutory bodies, to implement a standardized approach to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in natural capital and ecosystem services resulting from solar park development and operation, with the ultimate aim of generating comparable and reproducible data on ecosystem impact assessment across the solar energy sector.
Efficient and Stable Flexible Organic Solar Cells via the Enhanced Optical‐Thermal Radiative Transfer
Authors: Zhang Ye‐Fan , Ren Hao , Chen Jing‐De , Hou Hong‐Yi , Liu Hui‐Min , Tian Shuo , Chen Wei‐Shuo , Ge Heng‐Ru , Li Yan‐Qing , Mao Hongying , Su Zisheng , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: February 2023

Heating is a knotty factor contributing to device degradation of flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs), and thermal regulation plays a crucial role in the realization of long operational lifetime. Herein, a passive cooling strategy for stable FOSCs is proposed by boosting the optical‐thermal radiative transfer to reduce the insufficient thermal dissipation and the elevated temperature caused by irradiation‐induced heating, while retaining their flexibility and portability. A spectrally selective coupling structure consisting of subwavelength hemisphere pattern and distributed Bragg reflector is integrated into FOSCs to collectively enhance out‐coupling of infrared radiation and limit near‐infrared absorption‐induced heat generation, leading to a reduced heat power intensity of 292.5 W cm−2 and the decreased working temperature by 9.6 °C under outdoor sunlight irradiation. The D18:Y6:PC71BM‐based FOSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 17% with a prolonged T80 lifetime as long as one year under real outdoor working conditions. These results represent a new opportunity for enhancing the operational stability of FOSCs.
Enantioselective Au‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Thia[5]‐ and Thia[6]helicenes and Their Transformation into Bowl‐shaped Pleiadenes
Authors: Fu Wei , Pelliccioli Valentina , von Geyso Moritz , Redero Pablo , Böhmer Christian , Simon Martin , Golz Christopher , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: February 2023

A series of helically shaped benzo[b]chryseno[4,3‐d]thiophenes, naphtho[1,2‐b]phenanthro[4,3‐d]thiophenes, and chryseno[3,4‐b]naphtho[1,2‐d]thiophenes is synthesized via a highly enantioselective Au‐catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroarylation reaction. The inversion barriers of the structures obtained are determined both theoretically and experimentally, and their chiroptical properties are reported. Preliminary studies on the post‐synthetic functionalization of these thiahelicenes and their transformation into azahelicenes are also presented. In addition, a straightforward one‐step protocol is developed, which wraps the initially obtained chryseno[3,4‐b]naphtho[1,2‐d]thiophenes into bowl‐shaped pleiadene derivatives without erosion of the enantiopurity. The number of structurally related products that are obtained with high enantioselectivity enables the establishment of comprehensive correlations between the structure and conformational stability or (chir)optical properties.
Trust Management Methodology and Agents Simulations Framework for Conflict Research
Authors: Trček Denis
Published: February 2023

Trust plays a pivotal role in numerous humans’ interactions, and it affects relationships ranging from individuals to interstate levels. Any conflict and its resolution can therefore benefit from insights into trust dynamics. The deployment of computational trust management methods and agent technologies provide promising options. They have already been successfully applied in many domains, while in conflict research (and possible resolution policies) they are rather unexplored. This research paper therefore presents an approach that is based on a formalized, anthropocentric trust management method. It deploys it accordingly in agents’ simulations to obtain new insights into the dynamics of trust in cooperation–conflict interplay, and to enable derivation of strategies for managing societies to drive them toward desired states.
3D Printed Nitrogen‐Doped Thick Carbon Architectures for Supercapacitor: Ink Rheology and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Zhou Guoqiang , Li Mei‐Chun , Liu Chaozheng , Liu Chuhang , Li Zhenglin , Mei Changtong
Published: February 2023

The 3D printing technique offers huge opportunities for customized thick‐electrode designs with high loading densities to enhance the area capacity in a limited space. However, key challenges remain in formulating 3D printable inks with exceptional rheological performance and facilitating electronic/ion transport in thick bulk electrodes. Herein, a hybrid ink consisting of woody‐derived cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and urea is formulated for the 3D printing nitrogen‐doped thick electrodes, in which CNFs serve as both dispersing and thickening agents for MWCNTs, whereas urea acts as a doping agent. By systematically tailoring the concentration‐dependent rheological performance and 3D printing process of the ink, a variety of gel architectures with high geometric accuracy and superior shape fidelity are successfully printed. The as‐printed gel architecture is then transformed into a nitrogen‐doped carbon block with a hierarchical porous structure and superior electrochemical performance after freeze‐drying and annealing treatments. Furthermore, a quasi‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor assembled with two interdigitated carbon blocks obtained by a 3D printing technique combined with a nitrogen‐doping strategy delivers an energy density of 0.10 mWh cm−2 at 0.56 mW cm−2. This work provides guidance for the formulation of the printable ink used for 3D printing of high‐performance thick carbon electrodes.
Strong Anionic Repulsion for Fast Na Kinetics in P2‐Type Layered Oxides
Authors: Kwon Dohyeong , Park Sung‐Joon , Lee Jaewoon , Park Sangeon , Yu Seung‐Ho , Kim Duho
Published: February 2023

An intriguing mechanism for enabling fast Na kinetics during oxygen redox (OR) is proposed to produce high‐power‐density cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) based on the P2‐type oxide models, Na2/3[Mn6/9Ni3/9]O2 (NMNO) and Na2/3[Ti1/9Mn5/9Ni3/9]O2 (NTMNO) using the “potential pillar” effect. The critical structural parameter of NTMNO lowers the Na migration barrier in the desodiated state because the electrostatic repulsion of O(2p)O(2p) that occurs between transition metal layers is combined with the chemically stiff Ti4+(3d)O(2p) bond to locally retain the strong repulsion effect. The NTMNO interlayer distance moderately decreases upon charging with oxygen oxidation, whereas that of NMNO decreases at a much faster rate, which can be explained by the dependence of OR activity on the coordination environment. Fundamental electrochemical experiments clearly indicate that the Ti doping of the bare material significantly improves its rate capability during OR, and detailed electrochemical and structural analyses show much faster Na kinetics for NTMNO than for NMNO. A systematic comparison of the two cathode oxides based on experiments and first‐principles calculations establishes the “potential pillar” concept of not only improving the sluggish Na kinetics upon OR reaction but also harnessing the full potential of the anionic redox for high‐power‐density SIBs.
A Monoclonal Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line (“Arlo”) with Pronounced Barrier Function for Studying Drug Permeability and Viral Infections
Authors: Carius Patrick , Jungmann Annemarie , Bechtel Marco , Grißmer Alexander , Boese Annette , Gasparoni Gilles , Salhab Abdulrahman , Seipelt Ralf , Urbschat Klaus , Richter Clémentine , Meier Carola , Bojkova Denisa , Cinatl Jindrich , Walter Jörn , Schneider‐Daum Nicole , Lehr Claus‐Michael
Published: February 2023

In the development of orally inhaled drug products preclinical animal models regularly fail to predict pharmacological as well as toxicological responses in humans. Models based on human cells and tissues are potential alternatives to animal experimentation allowing for the isolation of essential processes of human biology and making them accessible in vitro. Here, the generation of a novel monoclonal cell line “Arlo,” derived from the polyclonal human alveolar epithelium lentivirus immortalized cell line hAELVi via single‐cell printing, and its characterization as a model for the human alveolar epithelium as well as a building block for future complex in vitro models is described. “Arlo” is systematically compared in vitro to primary human alveolar epithelial cells (hAEpCs) as well as to the polyclonal hAELVi cell line. “Arlo” cells show enhanced barrier properties with high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of ≈3000 Ω cm2 and a potential difference (PD) of ≈30 mV under air–liquid interface (ALI) conditions, that can be modulated. The cells grow in a polarized monolayer and express genes relevant to barrier integrity as well as homeostasis as is observed in hAEpCs. Successful productive infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in a proof‐of‐principle study offers an additional, attractive application of “Arlo” beyond biopharmaceutical experimentation.
Nanomedicines Reprogram Synovial Macrophages by Scavenging Nitric Oxide and Silencing CA9 in Progressive Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yan Yi , Lu An , Dou Yun , Zhang Zhen , Wang Xiang‐Yu , Zhai Lin , Ai Li‐Ya , Du Ming‐Ze , Jiang Lin‐Xia , Zhu Yuan‐Jun , Shi Yu‐Jie , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Jiang Dong , Wang Jian‐Cheng
Published: February 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage destruction, and its progression is closely related to imbalances in the M1/M2 synovial macrophages. A two‐pronged strategy for the regulation of intracellular/extracellular nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen protons for reprogramming M1/M2 synovial macrophages is proposed. The combination of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) siRNA and NO scavenger in “two‐in‐one” nanocarriers (NAHA‐CaP/siRNA nanoparticles) is developed for progressive OA therapy by scavenging NO and inhibiting CA9 expression in synovial macrophages. In vitro experiments demonstrate that these NPs can significantly scavenge intracellular NO similar to the levels as those in the normal group and downregulate the expression levels of CA9 mRNA (≈90%), thereby repolarizing the M1 macrophages into the M2 phenotype and increasing the expression levels of pro‐chondrogenic TGF‐β1 mRNA (≈1.3‐fold), and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show that the NPs have great anti‐inflammation, cartilage protection and repair effects, thereby effectively alleviating OA progression in both monoiodoacetic acid‐induced early and late OA mouse models and a surgical destabilization of medial meniscus‐induced OA rat model. Therefore, the siCA9 and NO scavenger “two‐in‐one” delivery system is a potential and efficient strategy for progressive OA treatment.
Alzheimer's disease phenotypes show different sleep architecture
Authors: Falgàs Neus , Walsh Christine M. , Yack Leslie , Simon Alexander J. , Allen Isabel E. , Kramer Joel H. , Rosen Howard J. , Joie Renaud La , Rabinovici Gil , Miller Bruce , Spina Salvatore , Seeley William W. , Ranasinghe Kamalini , Vossel Keith , Neylan Thomas C. , Grinberg Lea T.
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION

Sleep–wake disturbances are a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Atypical (non‐amnestic) AD syndromes have different patterns of cortical vulnerability to AD. We hypothesized that atypical AD also shows differential vulnerability in subcortical nuclei that will manifest as different patterns of sleep dysfunction.

METHODS

Overnight electroencephalography monitoring was performed on 48 subjects, including 15 amnestic, 19 atypical AD, and 14 controls. AD was defined based on neuropathological or biomarker confirmation. We compared sleep architecture by visual scoring and spectral power analysis in each group.

RESULTS

Overall, AD cases showed increased sleep fragmentation and N1 sleep compared to controls. Compared to atypical AD groups, typical AD showed worse N3 sleep dysfunction and relatively preserved rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

DISCUSSION

Results suggest differing effects of amnestic and atypical AD variants on slow wave versus REM sleep, respectively, corroborating the hypothesis of differential selective vulnerability patterns of the subcortical nuclei within variants. Optimal symptomatic treatment for sleep dysfunction in clinical phenotypes may differ.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease (AD) variants show distinct patterns of sleep impairment.

Amnestic/typical AD has worse N3 slow wave sleep (SWS) impairment compared to atypical AD.

Atypical AD shows more rapid eye movement deficits than typical AD.

Selective vulnerability patterns in subcortical areas may underlie sleep differences.

Relatively preserved SWS may explain better memory scores in atypical versus typical AD.
An effective and eco‐friendly sonochemical multicomponent synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles via modified silica‐coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles by tungstic acid
Authors: Kermanizadeh Shadan , Naeimi Hossein
Published: February 2023

This research is providing a method for the synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazole derivatives based on pursuing the green chemistry principles. Therefore, a one‐pot multicomponent cyclocondensation reaction through aldehyde interaction with ammonium acetate and 1,2‐diketone was carried out in EtOH:H2O solvent under ultrasound irradiation. This protocol was utilized as an eco‐effective synthetic route by applying CoFe2O4@SiO2@(‐CH2)3OWO3H nanocomposite as a nanocatalyst. The stabilized tungstic acid on 3‐chloropropyl anchored to SiO2‐coated CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles was designed, prepared, and applied as a recyclable heterogeneous acid catalyst to attain high product yields and short reaction times. The structure of nanocatalyst was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques, and the obtained organic derivatives were examined through melting point, FT‐IR, and 1H NMR analyses.
Trans‐metallated chlorophyllin by copper supported on silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and green catalyst for the synthesis of furan‐2(5H)‐ones
Authors: Rostamizadeh Hossein , Rahmati Abbas
Published: February 2023

In recent years, an unprecedented increase in environmental pollution as a result of the rapid industrialization of the world has attracted a lot of attention to green chemistry. Chlorophyllin copper complex (Chln‐Cu) is one of the most vital compounds derived from natural chlorophyll that can be used as an environmental, sustainable, and green catalyst in industrial processes. In the current paper, chlorophyll was first extracted from spinach leaves, hydrolyzed, and trans‐metallated to chlorophyllin copper (II) complex. The fixation of Chln‐Cu on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was performed using a green mechanical method. This mechanical solvent‐free reaction was done in a planetary ball mill with 60 zirconia balls (diameter = 3 mm) and the rotation speed 200 rpm at 12 h. In conclusion, an efficient and reusable Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH2‐Chln‐Cu catalyst was obtained. To characterize the synthesized catalyst, several analytical techniques were used such as UV–Vis, FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectra as well as TG, ICP‐OES, XRD, FE‐SEM, elemental mapping, VSM, and XPS analyses. The conducted analyses showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized. The efficiency of the catalyst was checked in the preparation of 3,4,5‐trisubstituted furan‐2(5H)‐one derivatives at room temperature in propylene carbonate as a green solvent. Moreover, the effect of time, temperature, and solvent on the reaction yield was thoroughly investigated. Excellent performance at mild, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic conditions showed that Fe3O4@Si‐Chln‐Cu not only is an excellent catalyst for this process but also it can be an outstanding catalyst for other catalytic reactions.
Instigating the in vitro antidiabetic activity of new tridentate Schiff base ligand appended M(II) complexes: From synthesis, structural characterization, quantum computational calculations to molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Deswal Yogesh , Asija Sonika , Tufail Aisha , Dubey Amit , Deswal Laxmi , Kumar Naresh , Saroya Sonia , Kirar Jagat Singh , Gupta Neeraj Mohan
Published: February 2023

In search of novel medications that could be effective in preventing and treating diabetes, four new [Co(L)(H2O)3] (2), [Ni(L)(H2O)3] (3), [Cu(L)(H2O)] (4) and [Zn(L)(H2O)] (5) complexes were synthesized from 4‐Chloro‐2‐(((3‐mercapto‐5‐[pyridin‐4‐yl]‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)imino)methyl)phenol ligand (H2L), which is obtained by the condensation of 5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde with 4‐amino‐5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol in 1:1 ratio. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H and 13C), elemental analyses, UV–visible, electron spin resonance (ESR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies were used to successfully characterize the compounds. The ligand act in a tridentate manner and coordinates to the metal ions through Nazomethine, Ophenolic and Sthiol functionalities. On the premise of their spectral and physico‐analytical data; octahedral geometry for complex 2 and 3, while square planar and tetrahedral geometry for complex 4 and 5 was proposed. Theoretical calculations of the synthesized compounds have been performed by using density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP method and parameters such as HOMO‐LUMO energy values and MESP were calculated. In vitro examinations against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase reveal promising results for the compounds. Nickel (II) complex (3) against α‐amylase and zinc (II) complex (5) against α‐glucosidase were found to be good inhibitors. Molecular docking experiments against the receptors 1BSI and 5ZCC were done to support the observation and considerable binding energies and interactions were observed. Additionally, a 100‐ns molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was done to assess the stability of the complex structures generated during in silico research, and it showed a stable conformation and binding pattern for the compounds.
Green synthesis and characterization of Ni0.25Zn0.75Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles and study of their photocatalytic activity in the degradation of aniline
Authors: Kiani Mohammad Taghi , Ramazani Ali , Taghavi Fardood Saeid
Published: February 2023

Because aniline is a persistent pollutant, a cost‐effective and efficient removal method is urgently needed. This study evaluates the synergistic effect of nickel doping in spinel zinc ferrite to enhance the photocatalytic performance of magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX)/Map, and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques were used to evaluate Ni0.25Zn0.75Fe2O4 MNPs synthesis by a sol–gel method. The produced nanoparticles have a surface area of 20.325 m2 g−1. At room temperature, the nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic characteristics and can be readily separated from the aqueous solution. The bandgap has been determined to be 1.83 eV using Tauc's plot. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of as‐prepared Ni0.25Zn0.75Fe2O4 MNPs for aniline degradation under visible light irradiation was examined. The photocatalytic results demonstrate that nickel‐doped zinc ferrite has high photocatalytic activity in aniline degradation. Additionally, Ni0.25Zn0.75Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are highly magnetic in nature, which simplifies separation and repetitive reuse.