bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS ON THE ACCUMULATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES BY LICHENS FLAVOCETRARIA CUCULLATA AND CETRARIA LAEVIGATA
Authors: Prokopiev Il'ya Andreyevich , Sleptsov Igor Vitalievich , Poryadina Lena Nikolayevna
Published: October 2021

The study of the effect of temperature on the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites by lichens Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell and Cetraria laevigata Rass was carried out. Lichen samples were taken out from under the snow (-20 °C) together with the soil substrate and transferred to the climatic chamber. Then the temperature in the climatic chamber was sequentially increased to +10 and +20 °C. The lichen exposure was carried out for 30 days for each temperature regime. The analysis of primary metabolites was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was shown that in lichens F. cucullata and C. laevigata at temperatures of +10 and +20 °C, an increase in the content of mannitol, ribitol, sucrose, and hydroxyproline was observed, as well as a decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acids as compared to the initial samples. At the same time, the content of glycerol and arabitol in the thalli of the initial lichens (-20 °C) was higher than after exposure at +10 and +20 °C, which, apparently, is associated with the cryoprotective properties of these compounds. The content of secondary metabolites in lichens was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that the content of usnic, allo-protolichesterinic, and protolichesterinic acids in F. cucullata increased after exposure in a climatic chamber, which may be associated with a general activation of metabolic processes with an increase in temperature. At the same time, the content of fumarprotocetraric acid in C. laevigata lichens decreased at temperatures of +10 and +20 °C compared to the initial samples, which may be associated with its protective properties under the action of low-temperature stress.
QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LEYMUS CHINENSIS (TRIN.) TZVEL. EASTERN TRANSBAIKALIA
Authors: Boloneva Lyudmila Nikolayevna , Badmaeva Natal'ya Karlovna , Lavrentieva Irina Nikolayevna , Merkusheva Mariya Grigor'yevna
Published: October 2021

The biochemical and mineral composition, nutritional and energy value of Leymus chinensis in the steppe zone of Eastern Transbaikalia, growing in different soil and ecological conditions, due to the lack of data on these indicators, has been studied. For the first time, the content in dry matter of Leymus chinensis crude protein, sugars, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extractive substances, feed units and metabolic energy and its mineral composition was studied. The dependence of the accumulation of nutrients on soil-ecological conditions, the duration of the growing season and the phase of plant development, the adaptive adaptation of this species to prolonged aridization, which causes its vegetative reproduction due to a decrease in generative reproduction, has been established. The protein ratio as an indicator of feed digestibility is characterized as broad (1 : 9.9–15). The amount of digestible nutrients varied in a very narrow range (592.5–602.2), as well as the energy content (10937.6–11116.6 kJ) and metabolizable energy in the food (9187.6–9337.9 kJ), which is associated with a short vegetation period of L. chinensis development in the sharply continental climate of the steppe zone of Eastern Transbaikalia. A specific feature of the mineral composition of this cereal was the high amount of S, as well as the K: Na ratio (7–38) at the norm of 3–5.
Known Human Carcinogens and the Importance of Toxicology in Cancer Research
Authors: Petric Domina
Published: October 2021

Aim of this article is to review the literature about known human carcinogens and emphasize the importance of toxicology in cancer research. Cancer etiology is multifactorial with toxins playing an important role, what accentuates the importance of multidisciplinary approach to cancer research, with toxicology playing a key role.
A social pedagogy lens for social work practice with return migrants
Authors: Kusari Kaltrina , Walsh Christine A.
Published: October 2021

The number of asylum rejections has increased in recent years, yet successful claims differ dependent on the originating county of the asylum seekers. In 2018, the European Union rejected 25 per cent of the 519,000 asylum requests which it received (Eurostat, 2019). Kosovars were the fourth-largest group of asylum seekers in Europe in 2015 and 96 per cent of them were rejected and returned to Kosova. Rejected asylum seekers and those who lose their temporary status are returned to their countries of origin partly because the EU endorses repatriation, or the return of forced migrants to their country of origin, as a preferred solution to the migration crisis. This, despite a significant body of research which substantiates that repatriation is not sustainable and current repatriation policies have seldom considered the experiences of rejected asylum seekers. Considering that social workers are the first point of contact for many rejected asylum seekers, models of practice which inform social work with this population are needed. This article uses the case of Kosovar returnees to examine the utility of a social pedagogy lens to better prepare social workers to work with returnees. Social pedagogy, with its dedication to social justice, the importance it places on local and regional contexts, as well as its attention to praxis, is well placed to guide social workers in partnering with return migrants as they navigate the complex realities of reintegration. While grounded in Kosova’s context, the social pedagogy framework has global implications considering the increasing number of return migrants worldwide.
‘I’m not Catholic and I’m not Protestant’: Identity, individualisation and challenges for history education in Northern Ireland
Authors: Branford Abigail
Published: October 2021

Teaching sensitive histories in post-conflict societies makes particular demands on educators to understand students’ identities and their relationships to the past. This paper expands our understanding of post-conflict youth identities and experiences of history education through a small-scale study of students’ life stories in Northern Ireland which defied sectarian boundaries in different ways: some were children of interfaith marriages, while others attended integrated schools or were part of cross-community peace-building organisations. Participants saw themselves as forging new identities and ‘moving on’ from the past, although this process was fraught with ambivalence. I describe these expressions of identity through Ulrich Beck’s (1992) model of triple individualisation. For these ‘post-sectarian’ students, school history was seen largely as a tool towards achieving qualification, far removed from their everyday struggles of self-fashioning.
Realising Roma rights through a high-stakes history test: Secondary school students narrating the Swedish Roma past, present and future
Authors: Nolgård Olle
Published: October 2021

Building on theories of historical justice, reconciliation and transformative change, this article investigates how 293 secondary school students make sense of the difficult past, present and future of the Romani in a national history test. Using qualitative and quantitative text analysis, this study seeks to explore whom students foreground as agents of change in regard to the Roma past, present and future. Considering the past and looking to the future, the inquiry led students to narrate four scenarios: no change; a regression to a past state of no rights; a development for the better; a future free from oppression. While the students underscored the importance of a shared responsibility for Roma rights, they stressed the nation state as the single most important agent of change for Roma rights in the present and future. Against the backdrop of justice and change, this study argues that while students realise and recognise Roma rights through their narrational practices, and thus may become empowered to act for a just future, these narratives also re-establish historical cultural and ethnic group boundaries which potentially may disempower young learners.
Resiliencia académica: la influencia del esfuerzo, las expectativas y el autoconcepto académico
Authors:   Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, España, Menéndez-Aller Álvaro , Postigo Álvaro ,   Universidad de Oviedo, España, González-Nuevo Covadonga ,   Universidad de Oviedo, España, Cuesta Marcelino ,   Universidad de Oviedo, España, Fernández-Alonso Rubén ,   Consejería de Educación del Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, España, Álvarez-Díaz Marcos ,   Consejería de Educación del Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, España, García-Cueto Eduardo ,   Universidad de Oviedo, España, Muñiz José ,   Universidad Nebrija, España
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La resiliencia académica consiste en obtener altas calificaciones a pesar de hallarse en una desventaja socioeconómica. En el presente estudio se observó si el esfuerzo, las expectativas y el autoconcepto académicos forman parte de la resiliencia académica o estarían explicando un buen rendimiento académico en general. Método: Los participantes, una población de 7479 adolescentes españoles (M = 13.87; DT = 0.82), fueron divididos en cuatro grupos según el rendimiento académico (Bueno-Malo) y el nivel socioeconómico (Clase alta-Clase baja). Se realizaron análisis de diferencias y regresiones logísticas binarias para detectar cuál de las variables empleadas explicaba el rendimiento académico en los grupos de igual nivel socioeconómico. También se estudió si el sexo influía en la pertenencia a los grupos de buen rendimiento. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en el esfuerzo, las expectativas y el autoconcepto académicos en función de los cuatro grupos creados; los grupos de buen rendimiento académico obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas independientemente del nivel socioeconómico. Se observó que las expectativas y el autoconcepto académicos explicaban gran parte del rendimiento académico. Se detectó una tasa de mujeres significativamente más alta con relación a la de hombres en los grupos de mayor rendimiento. Conclusiones: Muchas variables, que se han considerado propias de los alumnos académicamente resilientes, explican un buen rendimiento académico, en general, independientemente del nivel socioeconómico.
Análise geoespacial da oferta e dos fluxos turísticos no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Albuquerque Erickson Melo , Lima Eduardo Rodrigues Viana
Published: October 2021

O turismo se consolidou no mundo como uma atividade de grande relevância, sobretudo no aspecto econômico. Pela sua característica multifacetada, incluída a sua vertente espacial, pode ser estudado de forma compartimentada ou integrando seus diversos componentes. No espaço geográfico se localizam os elementos fixos e os fluxos turísticos, que se dinamizam conforme a constituição desse espaço. Na região Nordeste do Brasil o turismo é uma das atividades que movimenta consideravelmente a economia e promove o consumo dos lugares, com apoio de infraestrutura e serviços. Entretanto, ainda é um setor concentrado nas maiores cidades da região, o que contribui para reforçar as desigualdades intrarregionais. Sendo assim, se coloca oportuna a utilização de técnicas de análise geoespacial para o estudo do turismo, objetivando identificar e discutir a distribuição espacial da oferta e dos fluxos turísticos possíveis em dois recortes geográficos: no Nordeste Brasileiro (NEB) e na Região Geográfica Imediata de Princesa Isabel (RGIPI). Para tanto, foram utilizados o sistema de informação geográfica QGIS em conjunto com a linguagem R para tratar os dados geográficos de população, renda per capita e empreendimentos turísticos e computar os índices espaciais de autocorrelação e contiguidade I de Moran, global e local, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que há independência espacial na oferta turística no NEB, que se reflete também na escala local, porém sendo possível identificar zonas turísticas. Além disso, foi identificado que as maiores probabilidades de fluxos turísticos estão entre as capitais mais populosas, de maior renda e mais desenvolvidas. Considerando os dados utilizados e os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o geoprocessamento cumpre um papel importante no estudo do turismo, uma vez que o mesmo permitiu identificar áreas para expansão dessa atividade no interior do NEB.
Pengaruh Imbuhan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) pada Pakan terhadap Bobot Beberapa Organ Dalam dan Lemak Abdominal Itik Pengging (Anas platyrhyncos)
Authors: Windoro Dara Puspita Jati , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: October 2021

Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) mengandung antioksidan, vitamin C, vitamin A, kalsium, protein, dan berbagai macam asam amino. Semua kandungan nutrien tersebut berperan penting dalam menunjang produktivitas itik pengging, baik daging maupun organ dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh imbuhan tepung daun kelor pada pakan terhadap bobot organ dalam dan lemak abdominal itik pengging. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan pakan basal yang diberi suplemen tepung daun kelor 2,5; 5; 7,5 dan 10%. Pemberian pakan dan minum dilakukan secara ad libitum. Data dianalisis dengan pola distribusi normal dan homogenitas data, kemudian untuk mengetahui perbedaan antarkelompok, data dianalisis dengan ANOVA-satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa imbuhan suplemen tepung daun kelor pada pakan itik pengging tidak berpengaruh signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap bobot jantung, limpa, lambung, dan lemak abdominal itik pengging. Kesimpulan dari penelitin ini adalah imbuhan tepung daun kelor pada pakan tidak meningkatkan bobot jantung, limpa, dan lambung, serta tidak menurunkan lemak abdominal itik pengging. Kata kunci: daun kelor, jantung, limpa, lambung, lemak abdominal, itik pengging.
Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang Diberi Pakan Tinggi Lemak dan Paparan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Authors: Ningrum Eka Wahyu Cahya , Isdadiyanto Sri , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun
Published: October 2021

Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) mengandung antioksidan yang berpotensi untuk memperbaiki kerusakan pankreas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun mimba terhadap histopatologi pankreas tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali pengulangan. Perlakuan meliputi kontrol (P0), pakan tinggi lemak (P1), simvastatin 8 mg (P2), dan uji dosis ekstrak etanol daun mimba 75; 100; dan 125 mg (P3; P4; dan P5). Parameter yang diukur adalah diameter dan luas pulau langerhans. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun mimba tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap diameter dan luas pulau langerhans serta tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap skoring kerusakan pulau langerhans tikus putih. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah esktrak etanol daun mimba dengan dosis 75; 100; dan 125 mg tidak dapat meningkatkan diameter dan luas pulau langerhans tikus putih yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak. Kata kunci : ekstrak etanol daun Mimba, pakan tinggi lemak, pulau langerhans, tikus putih
Respon Eksplan Batang Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) terhadap Perlakuan Konsentrasi Thidiazuron (TDZ) pada Media MS secara In Vitro
Authors: Saputro Jefri , Setiari Nintya , Nurchayati Yulita , Izzati Munifatul
Published: October 2021

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) merupakan komoditas yang berpotensi dalam diversifikasi pangan, namun perbanyakan bibit dengan umbi tidak efektif untuk persediaan bibit nasional. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah perbanyakan dengan kultur jaringan melalui teknik organogenesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis jenis eksplan dan konsentrasi TDZ yang tepat untuk meningkatkan respon viabilitas dan organogenesis eksplan. Metode yang digunakan adalah induksi organogenesis. Eksplan batang dipotong melintang dan diinisiasi dalam media MS dengan konsentrasi TDZ berbeda. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2x4. Faktor pertama adalah jenis eksplan (batang tanpa tunas atau B0 dan batang bertunas atau B1), dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi TDZ (0ppm atau T0, 4,5ppm atau T4,5, 6ppm atau T6 dan 7,5ppm atau T7,5). Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase eksplan steril, persentase eksplan hidup, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis eksplan batang bertunas cenderung meningkatkan viabilitas dan persentase eksplan hidup daripada jenis eksplan batang tanpa tunas, sedangkan peningkatan konsentrasi TDZ cenderung menurunkan viabilitas dan persentase eksplan hidup. Jenis eksplan dan konsentrasi TDZ mempengaruhi secara nyata jumlah tunas, daun dan akar. Peningkatan konsentrasi TDZ sampai 4,5ppm merupakan konsentrasi optimal dalam  meningkatkan jumlah tunas dan daun. Kata kunci : Solanum tuberosum, TDZ, jenis eksplan, , viabilitas,  organogenesis
Respon Perkecambahan Biji dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Terhadap Berbagai Limbah Organik
Authors: Fitriani Harmigita Putri , Hastuti Endah Dwi , Prihastanti Erma
Published: October 2021

Kacang tanah merupakan salah satu bahan industri. Produksi kacang tanah di Indonesia meningkat namun belum dapat mengimbangi konsumsi dalam negeri. Produksi mempengaruhi penggunaan pupuk kimia yang seharusnya dikurangi karena dampak negatifnya terhadap lingkungan. Pupuk organik cair merupakan solusi yang tepat untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia. Salah satu bahan yang dapat dijadikan pupuk organik cair ialah air kelapa, urin sapi, dan air cucian beras. Limbah organik cair ini mengandung unsur hara yang dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik dan biologi tanah sehingga mampu meningkatkan perkecambahan biji dan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon perkecambahan biji dan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang tanah terhadap berbagai limbah organik cair. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan RAL dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol, air kelapa konsentrasi 100%, urin sapi konsentrasi 30%, dan air cucian beras konsentrasi 100% dan 5 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati ialah panjang radikula, berat basah kecambah, berat kering kecambah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, umur pembungaan, jumlah bunga, berat basah tanaman, dan berat kering tanaman. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan limbah organik cair memiliki kecenderungan meningkatkan perkecambahan biji dan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang tanah. Konsentrasi urin sapi 30% memberikan pengaruh yang paling baik terhadap perkecambahan biji dan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang tanah.Kata kunci : kacang tanah, air kelapa, urin sapi, air cucian beras
TYPOLOGIA REŻIMU ODPŁYWU RZEK W POLSCE W RÓŻNYCH FAZACH OSCYLACJI PÓŁNOCNOATLANTYCKIEJ
Authors: Wrzesiński Dariusz
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the spatial distribution of types of river regime in Poland according to the assumptions of Dynowska (1997) for three time scales: 1971–2010 and for years with high and low indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation and directions of their transformation in various phases of NAODJFM. The paper applied daily flow values from the period 1971–2010 for 516 stations located on 280 Polish rivers. In the examined time scales, five types of regime were designated including rivers characterised by a similar distribution and range of monthly runoff values in an average annual cycle. The designated groups, however, differ in terms of the number of rivers, which affects the image of spatial distribution of rivers representing the identified types of regime. The analysis shows that in the studied NAODJFM phases, transformations of the flow regime of many rivers in Poland are often observed. Compared to average conditions (1971–2010), in the negative phase of NAODJFM, the most stable is nival type well formed. The most common transformations relate to the nival regime moderately formed, which usually changes into a nival well formed or nival-pluvial regime. In the positive phase of NAODJFM, regime transformations are more frequent. The most stable type of regime is again nival well formed, and the most common transformation occurs in the case of the pluvio-nival regime (into the nival-pluvial regime) and nival-pluvial regime, which is transformed into well or moderately formed nival regimes.
Troponin interference with special regard to macrocomplex formation
Authors: Strasser Bernhard , Tomasits Josef , Fellner Alexander , Lambert Thomas
Published: October 2021

Biomarkers, such as troponin-T and troponin-I, are regarded as the gold standard laboratory parameter for diagnosing many cardiological diseases. These parameters have been approved for clinical use. Many cardiological guidelines recommend the analysis of troponins in the majority of cardiological disease diagnoses and to also gain prognostic information. Nonetheless, many medical circumstances could cause false troponin elevations. In this article, we focus on troponin artifacts, particularly macro-immune complex formation, as important interference factors. Therefore, we performed a literature search from 2006 to 06/2021.
On the deformation of laminated composite and sandwich curved beams
Authors: Avhad Pravin V. , Sayyad Atteshamuddin S.
Published: October 2021

Plenty of research articles are available on the static deformation analysis of laminated straight beams using refined shear deformation theories. However, research on the deformation of laminated curved beams with simply supported boundary conditions is limited and needs more attention nowadays. With this objective, the present study deals with the static analysis of laminated composite and sandwich beams curved in elevation using a new quasi-3D polynomial type beam theory. The theory considers the effects of both transverse shear and normal strains, i.e. thickness stretching effects. In the present theory, axial displacement has expanded up to the fifth-order polynomial in terms of thickness coordinates to effectively account for the effects of curvature and deformations. The present theory satisfies the zero traction boundary condition on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions are established by using the Principal of virtual work. Navier’s solution technique is used to obtain displacements and stresses for simply supported beams curved in elevation and subjected to uniformly distributed load. The present results can be benefited to the upcoming researchers.
Recent advances in compatibility and toughness of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends
Authors: Zhao Xipo , Zhang Dianfeng , Yu Songting , Zhou Hongyu , Peng Shaoxian
Published: October 2021

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has good impact strength and high elongation at break. It is used to toughen biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) materials because it can considerably improve the toughness of PLA without changing the biodegradability of the materials. Therefore, this approach has become a hotspot in the field of biodegradable materials. A review of the physical and chemical modification methods that are applied to improve the performance of PLA/PBS blends based on recent studies is presented in this article. The improvement effect of PLA/PBS blends and the addition of some common fillers on the physical properties and crystallization properties of blends in the physical modification method are summarized briefly. The compatibilizing effects of nanofillers and compatibilizing agents necessary to improve the compatibility and toughness of PLA/PBS blends are described in detail. The chemical modification method involving the addition of reactive polymers and low-molecular-weight compounds to form cross-linked/branched structures at the phase interface during in situ reactions was introduced clearly. The addition of reactive compatibilizing components is an effective strategy to improve the compatibility between PLA and PBS components and further improve the mechanical properties and processing properties of the materials. It has high research value and wide application prospects in the modification of PLA. In addition, the degradation performance of PLA/PBS blends and the methods to improve the degradation performance were briefly summarized, and the development direction of PLA/PBS blends biodegradation performance research was prospected.
Novel design and combination strategy of minocycline and OECs-loaded CeO2 nanoparticles with SF for the treatment of spinal cord injury: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
Authors: Cui Shengyu , Zhu Xinhui , Xu Dawei , Liu Wei , Yi Hong , Yan Jun
Published: October 2021

Generally, several mechanisms influenced the secondary injury chutes following acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Though current SCI therapeutic approaches mostly target single elements in the injury chutes, they have been mostly ineffective in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to design and develop a novel cerium oxide/silk fibroin (CeO2/SF) hydrogel material loaded with minocycline (MCN) and transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) for SCI treatment. The prepared CeO2/SF hydrogel has an advantageous porous morphological structure and CeO2 NPs were greatly encapsulated on the surface, which was confirmed by microscopic observations. The results of in vitro analyses established favourable biocompatibility of 94.65% and 89.45%, sustained drug release rate of 89% and 58%, and significant reduction in pro-inflammatory factors for the treatments using cerium oxide loaded silk fibroin (CSF) and CeO2 NPs, respectively. Meanwhile, the administration of MCN@OEC greatly provides an efficient improvement in BBB score, decreased bladder weight, and histological improvement after SCI when compared to the control. Therefore, the combined MCN and OEC-loaded CSF hydrogel sample could be proved as a low cost, safe, and potential material for the treatment of SCI.
A fault detection technique based on line parameters in ring-configured DC microgrid
Authors: Prince Satyavarta Kumar , Affijulla Shaik , Panda Gayadhar
Published: October 2021

The integration of distributed generation (DG) units into a DC microgrid presents a research challenge in terms of a proper protection scheme. The network must be protected due to the sudden change in the amplitude and direction of the fault current. In addition, due to the absence of zero-crossing of the DC fault current, protecting the network from these potential faults is a challenging task. The DC fault can be diagnosed using an appropriate detection technique after monitoring the movement of current. In this paper, a least-square estimation (LSE) technique has been adopted, which has been proven to be able to detect the faulty line strongly, so that the fault is detected by estimated parameters. This fault detection technique has been evaluated on six-lines, with faults analyzed on each line. The six-bus DC microgrid is designed in PSS®SINCAL, and the proposed method is simulated in MATLAB. Two sets of simulations are designed to validate the reliability of the proposed method: (1) pole–ground (P–G) and (2) pole–pole (P–P) fault estimation of inductance and capacitance (C) in a separate line. Simulation results show that the proposed methodology can able to accurately detect (i.e., 95% accuracy) the faulty line in the DC microgrid with respect to designated ‘trip’ value. Thus, the proposed fault detection methodology can be utilized for protection of modern DC microgrids. An experimental PV-battery-load-based fault detection technique has been developed in the laboratory and tested under P–P fault conditions in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Odyssey Towards a Sirenic Thinking: An Attempt at a Self-Criticism of the Listening Paradigm Within Sound Studies
Authors: Kallenberg Jim Igor , Eßler Hannah L. M.
Published: October 2021

This text departs from a contradictory claim in deaf studies and sound studies: both disciplines describe a hierarchical regime of the sensible – visuocentrism and audiocentrism – which they try to counter with conceptualisations as “acoustemology” or “deaf gain.” However, as we argue, they both thereby erect what they claim to overcome: a sensual regime that privileges one sense over another and a restricted conception of subjectivity deriving from it. First, we draw a philosophical line in the critique of sensual regimes. Then we propose a figure for the transcendence of the separation of the sensible: in re-reading of the myth of Odysseus and the sirens, we engage various examples from literature, art, and acoustics to describe sirens as a mythological and technical archetype of the transcendence of the sensual regime, as well as reified subjectivity. The question, then, is not how to escape the sirens, but how they can be approached. It is necessary, we argue, for sound studies to develop a critical self-consciousness of its own restricted concepts in order to move from sonic thinking towards a sirenic thinking.
Keine Meritokratie im Förderschulsystem? Zum Zusammenhang von demografischer Entwicklung, lokalen Förderschulstrukturen und der Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine Förderschule zu besuchen
Authors: Helbig Marcel , Steinmetz Sebastian
Published: October 2021

Demografische Veränderungen und der Ausbau der lokalen Schulstruktur sollten aus meritokratischer Perspektive keinen Einfluss auf die Bildungschancen haben. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir jedoch, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Förderschulbesuchs mit diesen systemischen Aspekten zusammenhängt. So zeigen wir, dass der starke Bevölkerungsrückgang in Ostdeutschland zu einem ebenso starken Anstieg der Förderschulquoten geführt hat. Darüber hinaus können wir mitFixed-Effects-Modellenfür die deutschen Kreise von 1995 bis 2017 zeigen, dass lokale demografische Entwicklungen und der Ausbau des Förderschulnetzes auch außerhalb demografischer Ausnahmeerscheinungen mit der Förderschulquote im Zusammenhang stehen. Hinter unseren Ergebnissen vermuten wir ein Selbsterhaltungsinteresse des Förderschulsystems, das sich zudem seit der Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) in einem „Wettbewerb“ mit den allgemeinen Schulen um ausreichend Kinder befindet.
Mechanical Properties of Nitrided Layer after Laser Modification
Authors: Panfil-Pryka Dominika , Kulka Michał
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was to study the microstructure and friction coefficient of hybrid surface layers, produced by a controlled gas nitriding and laser modification. Nitriding is well-known technique of thermo-chemical treatment, applied in order to produce the surface layers of improved hardness and wear resistance. The phase composition and growth kinetics of the diffusion layer can be controlled using a gas nitriding with changeable nitriding potential. 42CrMo4 steel was treated by composite technology of gas nitriding and laser hardening. The nitriding processes were carried out at temperature of 580 °C for 8h. Next, the nitrided layer was laser-modified using laser TRUMPF TruDiode 3006 with maximal power of 3 kW using the two laser beam powers (P): 0.53 kW and 0.62 kW. Then, the microstructure and properties of the laser-modified nitrided layers were investigated using optical microscopy, Vickers hardness tester and friction wear testing machine. The nitrided layers were subjected to wear tests using a ball-on-disc method at room temperature. The results showed that the microstructure of the produced hybrid layers consisted of the re-melted and heat-affected zones in which martensite mainly occurred. Additional laser treatment effectively increased the hardness, especially in heat-affected zone, as well as the depth of the hardened layer. The layer after modification laser hest tretment were good friction coefficien. The curve of the friction coefficient after the nitrided layer was characterized by large fluctuations. Compared with nitriding technology , the hybrid treatment technology can effectively increase the hardness and wear resistance of the 42CrMo4 steel surface. The effect of LHT on the tribological properties was ambiguous. Although the relatively low value of the average friction coefficient (0.46) was calculated for nitrided layer, the course of friction coefficient was characterized by large fluctuations and the extended grinding-in time. Simultaneously, the course of friction coefficient was very smooth after nitriding and LHT. However, the average friction coefficient were higher, obtaining 0.60 and 0.57 for the hybrid layers, produced using P=530 W and P=620 W, respectively. Keywords: Nitriding; Laser Heat Treatment; Microstructure; Wear Resistance; Microhardness
Comparative Morphological Investigation between Natural Photo-Aged of Two Different Low Density Polyethylene Green House Covers
Authors: Imane BabaghayouMeriam , Ismail Mourad AbdelHamid
Published: October 2021

This work studies and compares the degradation performance of two different types of blown extruded films of low density polyethylene films used as greenhouse covers. The first one is LDPE (B24/2) supplied by ENIP Skikda and the other one is LDPE (2100 T N00W) supplied by SABIC, Saudi Arabia. Both films are commonly used in Algeria as greenhouse covers. The films were exposed outdoors over a period of 8 months for natural ageing. XRD and DSC analysis were conducted to characterize the thermal properties of the materials and compare between their degradation behaviors. The results revealed that the degradation resistance of LDPE (B24/2) is better than LDPE (2100T N00W) in term of their degree of crystallinity. Keywords: Natural Ageing, LDPE (B24/2); LDPE (2100 T N00W); Degree of Crystallinity, XRD; DSC.
FROM CHITIN TO CHITOSAN – A POTENTIAL NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT
Authors:   Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography University of Gdansk, Nuc Zofia , Dobrzycka-Krahel Aldona
Published: October 2021

Chitin is a naturally occurring polymer. Together with its derivatives such as chitosan, it has a wide spectrum of application possibilities, and many properties not yet exploited. Chitosan possesses many features desirable in an ideal antimicrobial polymer. It shows activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal strains that pose a challenge to modern medicine. Chitosan also shows activity against certain viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It might be used as a drug or a vaccine delivery system, is biodegradable, bioavailable and considered safe for medical use. It is important to continue exploring the potential of chitosan, as well as to investigate its sources. Indeed, many sources of this polymer are still not or have been poorly described. In this paper, we compile the current state of knowledge on the antimicrobial properties of chitosan, list alternative sources of chitin to highlight the potential of these two polymers and encourage further research.
EFFECT OF SELECTED MUCOADHESIVE POLYMERS ON PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN FORMULATIONS
Authors:   Department of Drugs Form Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy. Wroclaw Medical University, Grimling Bożena
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to develop a technical process and composition of mucoadhesive hydrogels containing benzocaine, based on different concentration ratios of the natural polymers chitosan and xanthan gum. For this purpose, lyophilisates of polymeric complexes with the quantitative ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1 and 1:0.5 chitosan to xanthan gum were prepared and subsequently used to prepare hydrogels of various concentrations. The physicochemical properties and pharmaceutical availability of benzocaine were evaluated and diffractograms and Fourier-transform infrared spectra of individual polymers and their polyelectrolyte complexes were compared. The 1:1 formulation exhibited the highest water absorption capacity and the gels showed the highest viscosity and the shortest blurring times. More chitosan increased carrier texture parameters, including hardness, cohesiveness and consistency, whereas more xanthan gum led to the longest gel blurring times and improved carrier stability. The concentration ratio of chitosan to xanthan gum in lyophilisates determined the viscosity, texture, spreadability and blurring time of the gels. Increases in lyophilisate percentage in the gels also affected the physicochemical properties of the carrier. In addition, the proportions of polymers in the mixture did not influence the availability of the drug from the prepared gel; this factor appears to depend more on the lyophilisate content in the carrier. Variations in the ratio of chitosan to xanthan gum in the polymer complex as well as lyophilisate percentage in the gel may impact the properties of the hydrogel and its efficacy as a carrier for therapeutic substances administered to the oral cavity mucosa.
LONG-TERM RADIATION-INDUCED EFFECTS ON SOLID STATE CHITOSAN
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Gryczka Urszula
Published: October 2021

Treatment of chitosan with ionising radiation is one of the methods by which it is modified for various applications. However, in the case of chitosan irradiated in the solid state, the radicals formed during irradiation can be stabilised in its crystalline phase and subsequently cause post-irradiation changes. It has been observed that further degradation of the polymer occurs during storage of the irradiated polymer, resulting in an increase in oxidation products and a decrease in deacetylation degree. This effect results from the transformation of radicals leading to the formation of stable nitroxyl radicals, a process observed years after irradiation.
HYDROGEL ANTIBACTERIAL COATING FOR SILICONE MEDICAL DEVICES
Authors:   Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Warsaw University of Technology, Kopeć Kamil , Żuk Michał , Ciach Tomasz ,   Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw
Published: October 2021

Effective antibacterial coatings are in demand in medicine, especially for urological medical devices such as catheters and stents. We propose the production method of an antibacterial hydrogel coating on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, silicone), a popular surface for medical materials. The coating process consists of the following steps: PDMS surface activation (introduction of hydroxyl groups), silanisation (introduction of amine groups) and application of chitosan/alginate hydrogel with the addition of lysozyme as an antibacterial agent using the layer-by-layer method. We investigated the effect of polyion concentration on the coating mass, swelling ratio and stability. We analysed the adsorption of Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Proteus rettgeri on a PDMS surface using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The chitosan/alginate hydrogel coating with immobilised lysozyme protected the PDMS surface against adhesion for all three tested bacterial strains.
DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYSACCHARIDE-PROTEIN EDIBLE GEL COAT WITH ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES FOR FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors:   ITMO University, Faculty of Biotechnologies, Kuprina Elena E. , Yakkola Anastasiya N. , Manuylov Andrey N. , Kiprushkina Elena I. , Shestopalova Irina A. , Demidov Pavel I.
Published: October 2021

Food edible coatings are an important milestone in food production and one of the innovations in food packaging development. This article presents materials on the development of the formulation and technology for the manufacture of a novel composite coating based on sodium alginate, chitosan and protein hydrolysate obtained by the electrochemical method of double extraction from cod processing waste to obtain edible coatings for semi-finished fish products. Furthermore, the physicochemical, physical, mechanical and microbiological properties of this material are described.
THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN HYDROLYSATE ON THE FUNGI ALTERNARIA SOLANI, FUSARIUM SOLANI AND RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI IN VITRO
Authors:   Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shagdarova Balzhima Ts. , Karpova Natalia V. , Il’ina Alla V. , Varlamov Valery P.
Published: October 2021

Chitosan hydrolysate was obtained using nitric acid; the prevailing fraction had a molecular weight of 30 kDa and a deacetylation degree of 95%. The effect of chitosan hydrolysate when added to potato dextrose agar (PDA) in different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/mL) was studied on the growth of the fungi Alternaria solani Sorauer, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn. A. solani was the most sensitive to the addition of chitosan hydrolysate to PDA in radial growth experiments. On days 3 and 7 of incubation, the antifungal activity of the phytopathogen growth was 69%-92% and 69%-88%, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.5-2 mg/ml.
Linguistic Image of DOM ‘home’ in Wojciech Piotrowicz’s Autobiographical Prose
Authors: Fedorowicz Irena , Geben Kinga
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to describe the concept of dom ‘home’ in Wojciech Piotrowicz’s idiolect by using the methodological assumptions of Lublin ethnolinguistics school. Research on which this paper is based consists of two main parts: we present the writer’s biography, which introduces a representative of the Polish intelligentsia in Lithuania, and an analysis of the concept of dom ‘home’. The presented biography emphasizes the origin and formation of the personality of the recognized writer and social and cultural activist, whose life is an example of the formation of the Polish intelligentsia in Lithuania. The subject of research is a textual data coming from his volume of memoirs, which contains the writer’s memories and reflections. The analysis of the dom ‘home’ concept focuses on two profiles: physical and symbolic, specific features were grouped onto facets. In the conclusions, we underline the specific character of home in Wojciech Piotrowicz’s autobiographical prose which has some differences comparing to home described in Polish, Lithuanian and Belarusian languages by EUROJOS project.
The Semantics of White in Russian, Polish and Lithuanian: A Contrastive Analysis
Authors: Ušinskienė Viktorija
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of the contrastive semantic analysis of the Russian lexeme белый ‘white’ and its Polish and Lithuanian equivalents — biały / baltas. The research aimed at comparing the collocability of the terms of ‘white’ with names of various objects and phenomena (both in the literal and figurative senses) including the identification of the prototype references and connotative meanings. The analysis has illustrated that Rus. белый / Pol. Biały / Lith. baltas have similar ranges of use and develop almost identical connotations. In all languages, whiteness is interpreted as the lightest color whose qualitative prototype pattern is SNOW, and the quantitative prototype pattern is DAYLIGHT. The prototype references create characteristic connotation chains: ‘as white as snow’ — ‘pure (also morally)’ — ‘innocent’ — ‘honest’ — ‘good’; ‘as white (light) as daylight’ — ‘transparent’ — ‘obvious’ — ‘legal’ — ‘good’. The differences between the discussed units are mainly noted on the level of the lexical components with individual connotations. Apart from the few phenomena that are culturally specific, in the use of the lexemes белый / biały / baltas there are no major discrepancies. Instead, it is possible to note only the asymmetry as it is in the case with the related meanings ‘clarity’ and ‘legality’.
Subject Metaphors of Stars in Lithuanian and Russian Poetic Texts
Authors: Konickaja Jelena , Jasiūnaitė Birutė
Published: October 2021

The current article, that follows the research cycle analyzing natural phenomena metaphors, examines the star metaphors identified in the works of 40 Lithuanian and 54 Russian poets (mostly 20th century). It also studies the subject metaphors which constitute from the ethnolinguistic point of view the most numerous and most interesting group of six semantic subgroups of star metaphors. The subject metaphors of stars can be both substantive and verbal. However, the article focuses on substantive metaphors. They are divided into nine groups: 1) something written, drawn or embroidered (letters, written texts, books, drawings, figures); 2) lighting devices and other lighting means; 3) clothing, fabrics, yarn, knitted or woven items; 4) small metal, shiny, rounded or sharp objects (jewelry, coins, nails, needles, weapons, etc.); 5) buildings and their parts; 6) kitchen utensils; 7) food and drinks; 8) vehicles; 9) fragments of large objects and debris. The study showed the similarity of the poetic systems of the two languages, in which the same metaphorical models are presented, as well as their differences. The largest number of subject metaphors of stars in both poetic traditions was found in the first four groups, the examples from the following three groups were less common, while the examples in which star metaphors related to vehicles were hardly found. The differences between the two poetic systems may be observed due to the differences in cultures and traditional names of stars and constellations in the languages. The article noted that the author’s poetic metaphor in both Lithuanian and Russian could correlate with folklore tradition, that is with riddles, proverbs, legends and traditional beliefs, which are often common to the two languages.
СУЧАСНА КОРЕВОЛЮЦІЯ: ДІЯЛЬНІСНИЙ ЗМІСТ І ДІАЛЕКТИКА ПІЗНАВАЛЬНИХ ТА КОГНІТИВНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: ТАРАСЕВИЧ Віктор
Published: October 2021

Сучасну кореволюцію подано як важливу складову історичного переходу від ери опредмечування до ери олюднення, від індустріальної епохи до постіндустріальної та епохальної олюднюючої революції; діалектичну єдність революцій – новітньої промислової та знаннєво-інформаційно-цифрової – у контексті глобальних еволюційно-революційних процесів. Охарактеризовано минулий механічний, сучасний електронно-цифровий та майбутній постелектронний етапи знаннєво-інформаційно-цифрової революції. Розглянуто трансформацію електронно-обчислювальної машини в інформаційно-комунікаційну машину з можливою квантовою, біологічною і/або оптичною елементною базою. Обґрунтовано концепти «людинорозмірна пізнавальна система» і «машинорозмірна когнітивна система». У межах діалектики цих систем акцентовано на їх відносній відособленості, первинності, домінуванні першої над останньою, включеності останньої в першу. Визначено імовірні будову і структуру машинорозмірних когнітивних систем. Зокрема, прийнято, що сенсорно-когнітивну роботу з поверхневим шаром об\\\'єкта виконують машини-сенсори, генералізаторно-когнітивну роботу з підповерхневим шаром об\\\'єкта – машини-генералізатори, інтелектуально-когнітивну роботу із сутнісно-рівневими шарами об\\\'єкта – машини-інтелектори, когнітивно-прикладну роботу з цільовим шаром об\\\'єкта – машини-прагматизатори, когнітивно-інтегративну роботу з об\\\'єктом як цілісністю – машини-інтегратори. Енергетичну, комунікаційну, управлінську роботу і функції зберігання похідних інформаційно-цифрових продуктів покликані виконувати, відповідно, такі машини, як енергайзери, комунікатори, менеджери і сторейджери. На прикладі взаємодії чуттєво-емоційної пізнавальної діяльності людини і активності сенсорної машини, а також людської пам\\\'яті й систем сторейджерів показано і визначальну роль людини, і зростаючу роль машини в сучасних пізнавально-когнітивних процесах. Отже, незважаючи на активну машинізацію духовно-психічних олюднених сутнісних людських сил, головним актором сучасної кореволюції та знаннєво-інформаційно-цифрової революції залишається людина.