bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation en cristaux du sel extrait des résidus végétaux à faible valeur commerciale au Congo
Authors: Mpika Joseph , Gambou Armani Bakala , Awah-Lekaka Josiane Nelly Niebi , Attibayeba
Published: August 2024

Le sel végétal joue un rôle capital pour l’organisme humain. Les techniques empiriques d’obtention de ce sel, posent un problème pour  parvenir à un produit fini destiné à être utilisé en cuisine. L’étude visait à formuler en cristaux par la méthode traditionnelle, du sel  végétal issu du filtrat de cendres des plantes utilisées au Congo. Les cendres des pelures du plantain, des amandes du palmier raphia,  des régimes du palmier à huile, du sésame et de la jacinthe d’eau ont été obtenues après séchage et incinération à l’air libre pendant  cinq (5) heures jusqu’à l’obtention de la cendre. Les filtrats ont été extraits après lavage des cendres à l’eau de robinet. Le sel végétal  résultait après évaporation d’eau pendant quatre heures. Le taux d’extraction du sel a été déterminé après cristallisation des filtrats. La  masse plus élevée (1,72g) du sel végétal a été enregistrée des feuilles de jacinthe d’eau. Il a été noté la plus faible masse (1,48g) avec les  amandes du palmier raphia. Le taux d’extraction de 54,69% et 44,93% a été enregistré sur les filtrats de cendres de la hampe du plantain  et amandes du palmier raphia. Le taux d’extraction du sel végétal du filtrat de cendres du bananier plantain a été plus important  comparé à ceux enregistrés chez les autres végétaux.
English title: Crystal formulation of salt extracted from plant residues of low commercial value in Congo
Vegetable salt play a capital role in the human body. However, their manufacturing methods leading to the final product to be used in  cooking is still not well mastered. Thus, this work aimed to formulate vegetable salt crystals using the traditional method, from the ash  filtrate of plants used in the Congo. The ashes have been obtained after drying as incineration in the open air for 5 hours until ashes are  obtained of plantain’s skeen, stones of palm tree raffia, oil palm regime, sesame leaves and water hyacinth leaves. The ash filtrates were  extracted after washing of the ashes with tap water. The salt was obtained after evaporation of water for four (4) hours. The extraction  rate of the vegetable salt was determined after crystallisation of the filtrates. The highest salt mass (1.72 g) was obtained with the leaves  of water hyacinth and the smallest mass of 1.48g was obtained with stones of the raffia palm. The extraction rates of the vegetable salt of  54.69% and 44.93% were recorded with the ashes filtrate of the plantain Banana’s peduncle and stone of palm tree raffia respectively.  The extraction rate of vegetable salt from the plantain banana ashes filtrates has been more important than those recorded in other    plants.
Etat des lieux des pratiques de stockage et de conservation du maïs après la récolte et leur impact sur la qualité du produit au Burkina Faso
Authors: Zongo Rene T. , Kiema Andre , Ouattara Seydou , Zongo4 Andre , Bougouma Valerie M. C.
Published: August 2024

La dégradation de la qualité du maïs à certaines périodes de l’année entraine une baisse de celle des aliments fabriqués pour volaille au  Burkina Faso. Le principal facteur indexé renvoie aux mauvaises conditions de stockage et de conservation. Cette étude avait pour objet  de contribuer à l’amélioration de la préservation de la qualité du maïs post récolte au Burkina Faso. La démarche méthodologique a  consisté à la réalisation d’une enquête et d’analyse d’échantillons de maïs. L’enquête a touché 320 producteurs de maïs. Les qualités  sanitaires et physiques de 125 échantillons de maïs ont été analysées. Les résultats de l’enquête ont montré que 49% stockent leur maïs  dans des magasins, 26% dans des greniers et 25% dans des maisons d’habitation. L’analyse de la qualité des grains a révélé des taux  moyens de présence des grains moisis de 0,65 %, d’humidité de 11,81%, d’impuretés de 0,65%, d’hétérogénéité de 4,27% et une  contamination à l’aflatoxine de 28,34 µg/kg. Cette étude a donc mis en évidence des nombreuses insuffisances en matière de  conservation du maïs. Cependant, le taux d’humidité du maïs en conservation enregistré s’avère conforme aux normes. A contrario, les  autres paramètres sont relativement éloignés des normes.
English title: Post-harvest maize storage and preservation practices and their  impact on product quality in Burkina Faso
The deterioration in maize quality at certain times of the year has led to a drop in the quality of poultry feed in Burkina Faso. The main  factor identified is poor storage and preservation conditions. The aim of this study was to contribute to improving the preservation of  post-harvest maize quality in Burkina Faso. The methodological approach involved a survey and analysis of maize samples. The survey  involved 320 maize producers. The sanitary and physical qualities of 125 maize samples were analyzed. The results of the survey showed  that 49% store their maize in warehouses, 26% in granaries and 25% in dwellings. Analysis of grain quality revealed average levels of  moldy kernels of 0.65%, moisture of 11.81%, impurities of 0.65%, heterogeneity of 4.27% and aflatoxin contamination of 28.34 µg/kg. The  study therefore revealed numerous shortcomings in corn preservation. However, the recorded moisture content of maize in storage  complied with standards. On the other hand, the other parameters are relatively far from standards.
Groundnut field infestation in different pedoclimatic sites by the peanut beetle, Caryedon serratus (Olivier) and conducted losses
Authors: Diop Bocar , Ngom Dethie , Ngom Saliou , Gningue Aminata , Thiaw Cheikh , Sembene Mbacke
Published: August 2024

Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.), used for direct consumption and cooking oil in several African countries, suffers tremendous losses  during storage due to pests. The main pest of groundnut under prolonged storage in tropical countries is the peanut beetle, Caryedon  serratus (Olivier) (Coleoptera; Bruchidae). The present study aimed at (1) assessing the variability of field pods infestation by C. serratus  on sites of different pedoclimatic conditions and at (2) evaluating the losses in laboratory storage. Groundnut pod samples were collected  in six sites of Senegalese groundnut main farming areas (Bambey, Sandiara, Kaffrine, Coki, Keur Baka and Keur Ayib), and  placed in glass jars (5 L) aerate with lid mesh (2 mm) and brought to laboratory. Number of eggs, insect progeny, emerged insects’  weight, survival rate, percentage of attacked kernels and weight loss were assessed and confronted among different sampling sites (field  soil pH and moisture content, and photoperiodicity). The results showed a presence of groundnut bruchid in all sites, with significant  variations of eggs on pods during the drying period across the sites. These variations in field infestation can be explained by several  factors such as cultural practices and field environmental factors which varied greatly between the sites. Considering these factors and  our preliminary results, this study suggests to dry the groundnuts furthest possible from the beetle hosts trees (wild hosts  Cesalpinaceae) and shorten the pod exposure time in field as much as possible, in order to control this preharvest infestation and reduce  groundnut storage losses.
Dynamique d’une forêt à Aucoumea klaineana P. du littoral de la République du Congo
Authors: Bocko Yannick Enock , Ganga-Louamba Guy Faller Constant , Ndangani-Mouleho Danielle Rita , Loumeto Jean Joel
Published: August 2024

Une meilleure connaissance de la composition floristique, la structure et la dynamique des mosaïques forêt/savane du littoral congolais  est nécessaire pour apprécier leur résilience face au changement climatique et la pression anthropique d’une part. Et d’autre part, pour  la mise en place des politiques de leur gestion durable. La présente étude visait l’appréciation de la dynamique de la forêt à Okoumé (A.  klaineana P.) du littoral de la république du Congo dans la période allant de 2008 à 2018. La densité, la surface terrière, la structure  diamétrique et la détermination de quelques indices écologiques ont permis d’apprécier la dynamique forestière du dispositif expérimental de Bitsifa. Après une période de dix ans, la densité a diminué de 30 tiges/ha tandis que la surface terrière a augmentée de  2,78 m2 /ha. Okoumé n’est plus la seule espèce omniprésente dans les placeaux d’observation du dispositif expérimental de Bitsifa.  L’indice de similarité de Sorensen a révélé l’existence de deux sous-faciès forestiers au lieu de trois, en allant de la lisière jusqu’à 300 m à  l’intérieur du peuplement étudié. En somme, la diminution de la densité et l’augmentation de la surface terrière indiquent une évolution  progressive de la forêt de Bitsifa vers un stade mature.
 
English title: Dynamics of an Aucoumea klaineana P. forest on the coast of the Republic of Congo
A better understanding of the floristic composition, structure and dynamics of forest/savanna mosaics along the Congolese coast is  needed to assess their resilience to climate change and human pressure. And secondly, to put in place policies for their sustainable  management. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of the Okoumé forest (A. klaineana P.) along the coast of the Republic of  Congo from 2008 to 2018. Density, basal area, diameter structure and the determination of a number of ecological indices were used to assess the forest dynamics of the Bitsifa experiment. After ten years, the density has decreased by 30 stems/ha, while the basal area has  increased by 2.78 m2 /ha. Okoumé is no longer the only species omnipresent in the observation plots at the Bitsifa experimental site.  Sorensen's similarity index revealed the existence of two forest sub-facies instead of three, from the edge to 300 m inside the stand studied. In short, the decrease in density and the increase in basal area indicate a gradual evolution of the Bitsifa forest towards a mature stage.
Farmers’ Attitudes toward Certified Rice Seeds in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Izuogu Chibuzo Uzoma , Azuamairo Gillian Chidozie , Orji Jephther Ebuka , Chilaka Ikechukwu Chiemena , Njoku Loveday Chukwudi , Oparaojiaku Joy Obiageli , Njoku Joachim Ikpeoha Kakie , Ankrumah Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

The study investigated farmers’ attitudes towards certified rice seeds in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. It ascertained respondents’ attitudes toward certified seeds, described their expectations and determined their constraints in cultivating certified seeds. One hundred and twenty respondents were selected for the study through a multi-stage sampling procedure, while structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analysed using percentages, means and regression analysis at p=0.05. Results show that farmers major expectations of certified rice seeds included increased yield (89%), increased income (78%), and ease of harvesting and processing (69%). Farmers’ attitudes toward cultivating certified rice seeds were not very favourable ( 2.10). Weak role of agricultural extension ( 2.9), cost of seed ( 2.9) and lack of agricultural insurance ( 2.8) were constraints to their cultivation of certified rice seeds.  Education (β=2.325), distance to the source of certified seed (β=-1.274) and access to extension services (β=3.155) were the factors that influenced farmers’ attitudes toward certified rice seed. Farmers do not have a favourable attitude towards certified seeds. Certified seed distribution networks should be increased to reduce the distance covered by farmers while accessing certified seeds.   Dissemination of information on certified seeds should be monitored to prevent misinformation and improve farmer’s attitudes towards it.
Rural Cassava Farmers’ Agro-climatic Information Needs in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeloye Kolawole Adelekan , Okonkwo Vincent Chigozie , Afolayan Ayodeji Fisayo
Published: August 2024

This research assessed the rural cassava farmers’ agro-climatic information needs in Osun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting 210 respondents. Data were analysed in percentage and mean. Results revealed that radio/television ( = 1.56) and personal experience with nature ( = 1.41) were the most frequent sources of agro-climatic information. Many (65.2%) displayed high knowledge of cassava agro-climatic issues. Three-quarters (75.00%) of the respondents were favourably disposed to agro-climatic information. Furthermore, sources of best climate change adaptive cassava varieties planting materials for the region ( =4.34) and appropriate timing for cassava planting to beat the adverse effects of climate change ( =4.19) topped the list of needed agro-climatic information.There is a significant relationship between age (r= 0.972), years of formal schooling (r= 0.073), perception (r= 0.854) and their agro-climatic information needs. It was concluded that sources of best climate change adaptive cassava varieties planting materials and appropriate timing for cassava planting were prominent needed agro-climatic information. Climatic change adaptive and mitigating measures that represent most of the agro-climatic information needs of cassava farmers should be provided by both governmental and non-governmental agencies through the most frequent sources of agro-climatic information
Effect of Anchor Borrowers' Programme on Rice Yield in North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Onoja Nelson Monday , Haruna Ojuh Ezekiel , Onoja Emmanuel Ayegba , Olajide Rasak Bamidele , Ajibade Yetunde Eunice
Published: August 2024

Abstract The Anchor Borrowers' Programme (ABP) was launched to boost rice production in Nigeria. Empirical studies on rice production abound in literature but effectiveness of ABP in enhancing rice yield, particularly in the North-Central region of Nigeria remained under explored. Hence, effect of ABP on rice yield in North-Central, Nigeria was investigated. Using a multistage sampling procedure, 314 respondents (157 beneficiaries and 157 non beneficiaries) were randomly sampled and interviewed. Data were analysed using mean, percentage, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and multiple linear regression analysis. The mean age of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were 42 and 44 years, respectively; 73.2% and 62.4% were male; 64.3% and 56.1% were married, respectively. Beneficiaries and non beneficiaries had farm size of 3.3±1.0ha and 2.9±1.1ha; earned an average of ₦58,068.15 and ₦56,889.36 monthly, respectively. Beneficiaries' yield of 453.95kg/ha was higher than non-beneficiaries (367.36kg/ha). The ABP positively impacted on rice production as beneficiaries had an additional yield of 105.82kg/ha over non-beneficiaries. Household size (p=0.03), education (p=0.00) and farming experience (p=0.03) influenced rice yield among beneficiaries. The study concludes that ABP impacted positively on rice yield in North Central, Nigeria and sustainability of ABP is, therefore, recommended.
Naturally occurring radioactive materials and their activity levels in “machine-cut stone” quarries in Juja Sub County, Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Sospeter Gitonga , Paul Njogu , Francis Njoka
Published: August 2024

Naturally occurring radioactive materials and their activity levels among “machine-cut stone handlers in selected” quarries in Juja  Subcounty, Kiambu County, Kenya,". Radiation occurs naturally in the environment; levels depend on the occurrence of natural  radionuclide. Open cast mining exposes the radionuclides hidden deep in the earth. Radionuclides in quarry products are of concern  especially in construction materials. The main objective was to determine the occurrence and activities of naturally occurring radioactive  materials (NORM); 232Th, 238U and 40K in “Machine cut stone handlers in selected” quarries in Kiambu County. The subjects were  recruited randomly from the selected quarries and samples obtained from the study sites. The sampling frame was developed from the  list of all quarries in Kiambu. The quarries that met the selection criteria were randomly selected from the list of all quarries in Kiambu.  Data was collected until the level of saturation was achieved. Samples of quarry dust were collected from the selected 25 quarries in Juja  sub-county which process rock into machine cut stones for construction of houses. The quarry dust samples were collected from the  topmost points and the bottom (deepest) parts of the quarries. Quantitative data was collected in questionnaires coded cleaned and  entered in Microsoft Access and exported in SPSS Version 23.0 for analysis. Composite samples were crushed into powder and passed  under sieves to give a consistent homogeneous powder. NORM activity concentrations were determined using Gamma spectroscopy  employing the SpectraLineGP software recorded as Becquerel per Kilogram (BqKg). The active quarries ranged between 6-24 months  with most having been in operation for a period of 24 months. The quarries-based om meters above sea level were in the range of 1466 –  1531 masl with a mean of 1494.88±13.88 masl. The NORM Activity concentrations of 232Th, 238U and 40K were determined in Quarry dust  in Bq/kg with slight variations between the sites. The order of the radioisotopes in ascending order was 40K> 232Th>238U. The  range of the means were 71.1 – 152.2 for 232Th, 40.5 -107.4 for 238U whereas that of 40K was in the range of 763.8 – 1661.2 Bq/Kg. The  study revealed that stones from some of the quarries studied had risk of exposure to occupants of machine cutting had 2 odds of risks  from quarry dust due to failure to use personal protective equipment’s 0.05). The houses had low risk (to ionizing radiations p value >0.05  at 95% Confidence interval).
Evaluation of Serum Levels of Lipoprotein-A and Uric Acid and Their Correlation in Hypertensive Patients in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Eguvbe A. O. , George E. B. , Essiet D. F. , Slater H. E.
Published: August 2024

Lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Also, elevated serum uric acid concentration is linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the serum levels of Lp (a) and uric acid and their correlation in hypertensive patients in Delta State, Nigeria. The study was conducted among 200 hypertensive and 100 normotensive individuals in a hospital-based cross-sectional investigation. Data obtained showed that one hundred and fifteen (57.5%) hypertensive and 15 (15%) normotensive controls had elevated plasma concentration of Lp (a). The lipoprotein (a) levels in the hypertensive had a mean of 32.8 ± 16.6 mg/dl. The controls had a mean of 16.9 ± 13.9 mg/dl. The difference in mean Lp (a) levels was statistically significant (p <0.001).Uric acid level in the hypertensive had a mean of 4.1 ± 1.8 mg/dL. In the controls, the mean value was 2.7 ± 1.2 mg/dL. The difference in mean was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Forty-two (21.0%) of the hypertensive compared to 5 (5.0%) of the controls had hyperuricaemia (p = 0.005). Among the hypertensive, Lp (a) was positively associated with uric acid (r = 0.238, p = 0.009). Lp (a) and uric acid levels in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than in the controls. Among the hypertensive population, Lp (a) was positively associated with uric acid. Thus, routine screening of hypertensive patients for Lp (a) can be used to demonstrate the presence of cardiovascular risk.
Evaluation of Biodegradability Potentials of Pleurotus ostreatus (jacq) P. Kumm. Cultivated on Solid Wastes Supplemented with Medicinal Plant Leaves
Authors: Ayo E. O. , Olalemi A. O. , Arotupin D. J.
Published: August 2024

Mushrooms can be considered as an ecological bioconversion tools to recycle agricultural and agro-industrial wastes. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the biodegradability potentials of Pleurotus ostreatus (jacq) P. Kumm cultivated on solid wastes supplemented with medicinal plant leaves using standard chemical and biological methods. The yield and biological efficiency of P. ostreatus revealed that oil palm fibre supplemented with M. oleifera had highest (124) and (82.66 %) while P. ostreatus cultivated on rags had least (66) and (44.00 %). Degradation of lignin had highest (67.77 %) at (spawn run) in P. ostreatus cultivated on rags, while cellulose and hemicellulose had highest (28.58 % and 33.01%) in P. ostreatus cultivated on plantain peels supplemented with M. oleifera and pampers supplemented with C. citratus respectively. Percent carbon content of rags had highest (43.34 %, 39.12 %, 35.76 % and 27.29 %) at first day, spawn run, fructification and spent compost (at harvest) respectively. The nitrogen content increases as the growth phase progresses, plantain peels supplemented with M. oliefera had highest (2.41 %, 2.83 %, 2.95 % and 3.01 %) and least of (0.21 %, 0.40 %, 0.73 % and 1.21 %) occurred on pampers supplemented with M. oliefera at first day, spawn run, fructification and spent compost (at harvest) respectively. Cultivation of P. ostreatus on solid wastes supplemented with medicinal plant leaves can be a good means of waste management and production of mushroom rich in nutraceutical properties.
Optimization of Mechanical Characteristics of Low-priced Breadfruit Peel Waste by Impregnating Low Density Polyethylene for Production Printer Components
Authors: Government R. M. , Ayuba S.
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper is the optimization of mechanical characteristics of low-priced breadfruit peel (BRP) waste by impregnating low density polyethylene (LPDE) for production printer components using appropriate standard procedure. The BRP at particle size (A) and fiber content (B) without modification was combined with LDPE melted and molded by injection molding machine. The characteristics of the BRP-LDPE composite that were evaluated are tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TSM), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), Brinell’s hardness (BH), impact strength (IM) and water absorption resistance (WAR). The data obtained for the factors, A, B and the responses; TS, TSM, FS, FSM, BH, IS, and WAR of BRP-LDPE composite, respectively were inserted into design of experiment software using central composite design (CCD) package of response surface methodology (RSM) models. The outcomes obtained at critical optimal situation noticeable to be; A, B, TS, TSM, FS, FSM, BH, IS, and WAR were 180 µm (80 mesh), 14.39 wt%, 6.036284 MPa, 0.315798 GPa, 18.62651 MPa, 0.31388 GPa, 151.8932 Pa, 43.04614 KJ/m2 and 4.830519 %, respectively.   With deviation of errors between experimental and CCD models differs by 2.232%.  The R2>98.3, Ad.R2>96.9 and Pr.R2>98.3 with errors of the entire process to be below 10 %. This is a confirmed indication that RSM models are very good for prediction of the characteristics of BRP-LDPE composite for primer components.
Geodatabase and Health Risk Assessment of Avenue Trees on Selected Roads in a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Israel R. , Akintunde-Alo D. A. , Mshelia Z. H. , Oluwajuwon T. V.
Published: August 2024

Campuses of Nigerian universities, especially the older ones, are home to aged trees that were originally planted for environmental beautification and aesthetics. However, due to the current global climate change and increased vulnerability to abiotic and biotic stressors, the old trees could pose threats to pedestrians, structures, and roads within the university campus environments. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop a geodatabase and evaluate the health risk assessment of avenue trees on selected roads in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results obtained reported a total of 121 individual avenue trees belonging to 14 species along the study roads. The geospatial distribution analysis revealed that Emotan road had a lower density of avenue trees compared to Benue and Oduduwa roads. Furthermore, the health risk assessment indicated that 17.35% of the individual avenue trees had defects, posing potential hazards and risks of tree failure, and potential damage to pedestrians, vehicles, and neighboring utilities. The developed geodatabase is user-friendly and allows for easy data storage and quick information retrieval on the avenue trees, enhancing their maintenance and risk management. Furthermore, this study shows that systematic replacement, replanting, and management of avenue tree species could be a proactive initiative for the expansion of the geodatabase and to reduce negative health impacts.
Determination of Heavy Metals and Bacterial Contaminations from Different Water Sources in Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Igwe P. C. , Onuoha S. C. , Nwuzo A. C. , Paul-Igwe F. O. , Oladele V. O. , Nwele D. E. , Nwokporo N. R. , Ede J. U.
Published: August 2024

The occurrence of high levels of heavy metals in drinking water is a significant health concern due to the accompanying health concerns. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bacterial species and concentration of heavy metals in certain drinking water sources in Ikwo, Ebonyi State. Nigeria. The analysis of metal concentration revealed that the levels of lead, iron, and mercury in the water exceeded the established limits for drinking water quality set by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Nigeria standard for drinking water quality (NSDWQ). However, the concentrations of copper, zinc, calcium, and sodium in the water were not statistically significant (P >0.05). The bacteriological count results indicated that the average Total Bacterial Count (TBC) in water samples collected from ponds, rivers, and wells were 5.10 x 10-4, 6.10 x 10-3, and 4.10 x 10-4, respectively. During the experiment, there was a notable disparity (p <0.05) in the bacterial quantities seen in all of the samples. Escherichia coli was the predominant strain, representing 70% of all isolates, as indicated by prevalence surveys. Salmonella and Klebsiella species accounted for 25% and 39% of isolates, respectively. Research on antibiotics discovered that Salmonella, Klebsiella species, and E. coli exhibited significant resistance to popular antibiotics, albeit showing some vulnerability to some ones. The presence of antibiotic resistant microbes in drinking water samples from the research region is a significant public health concern due to the high probability of contracting waterborne illnesses and the associated health hazards. This is particularly worrisome for the immune-compromised residents of the area.
Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of Lead Concentration and Proximate Composition of Amaranthus hybridus Grown and Consumed in Ilorin, Kwara State, Northern-Nigeria
Authors: Ben-Uwabor P. O. , Olahan G. S. , Iyapo K. A.
Published: August 2024

This paper evaluates the seasonal variations in Pb concentrations and proximate composition of Amaranthus vegetable (Amaranthus hybridus) grown and consumed in Ilorin, Kwara State, Northern-Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques in order to ascertain its suitability for consumption. The results obtained varied with the sampling locations with the mean concentration of the Pb in soil, water and plant ranged from (1.58- 82.00mg/kg) soil, (0.11-19.37mg/l) water and (0.00-5.93 mg/kg shoots; 0.67-5.33 mg/kg roots). The values for proximate content showed that moisture content ranged from (6.38-9.99 %), ash content (2.46-6.44 %), crude protein (10.59-18.60%), crude fibre (1.63-2.39%), crude fat (3.09-4.83%) and carbohydrate (64.30-75.30%). The result obtained reveal significant level of contamination of irrigation water and Amaranthus hybridusas most values obtained were above the permissible limits, hence, the vegetable may constitute health hazard for the consumers. The study hence suggests that growing of the edible crops around locations that are Pb polluted should be discouraged. As for the proximate content, the values obtained are indication that all the samples had lower values of protein, fibre, and carbohydrates than the WHO recommended values for suitable dietary intake, though, with a high probability of storage due to their significant low moisture content. This underscores the nutritive value as a viable option for plant base nutrients for consumption, but as option for Pb remediation.
Malaria Infection in Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Care in relation to Socio-demographic Profile, Trimester, Parity and Gravidae in Parts of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Kunihya I. Z. , Qadeer M. A. , Chessed G. , Gambu J. W. , Nassai I. , Ibrahim L. D.
Published: August 2024

Malaria infection remains one of the potent health hazards to the human, particularly pregnant women. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate malaria infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care in relation to socio-demographic profile, trimester, parity and gravidae in parts of Adamawa State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained reveals that the highest prevalence of malaria among the age-group 20-34 years (87.0%), those who attained secondary level education (34.3%), full housewives (36.0%), married and living together (77.8%), monogamous family type (72.2%). There was equal prevalence of 50.0% among those residing within towns and villages. The result showed no statistical significant difference amongst malaria infection and socio-demographic variables. Trimester, parity and gravidity showed no statistical difference (P˃0.05) with the highest prevalence of 50.0% (second trimester), 37.0% (parity two) and 36.1% (primigravidae). Parity was shown to be an independent risk factor associated with malaria infection (AOR = 11.410, CI = 1.118 – 116.451, P=0.040). Malaria prevalence decreases with advancing age, and higher gravidity was linked with a disproportionate decrease in malaria infection. Fourt parity was the only independent risk factor significantly associated with malaria infection in this study.
Effects of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Irvingia gabonensis on Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Liver damage in Wistar rats
Authors: Olukayode S. B. , Innih S. O.
Published: August 2024

The toxicity of drugs and other related agents attracts considerable attention from basic scientists to clinicians. Humankind has been passionate about the availability of cheap and readily available agent against organotoxicity. Therefore this paper investigated the effects of ethanolic leaves extract of Irvingia gabonensis on arsenic trioxide-induced liver damage in Wistar rats using appropriate standard methods. The results show administration of arsenic trioxide caused significant (P˂0.05) serum increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase (ALT and ALP) of the Wistar rats. There was significant (p˃0.05) decrease in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST) after the administration of arsenic trioxide. There were also significant (p˂0.05) reduction in the serum level of total protein, albumin and globulin and statistically significant (p˃0.05) increase in serum level of total bilirubin after administration of arsenic trioxide to the rats. This suggests damage to liver by arsenic trioxide, which are further supported by the histopathological findings such as periportal infiltrates of inflammatory cells, vascular ulceration, ductal epitheliosis and focal necrosis. Administration of extract of Irvingia gabonensis ameliorated both the histopathological and biochemical manifestation in the liver. In conclusion, the results from the histopathological and biochemical analyses suggested damage caused by arsenic trioxide and the potential of extract of Irvingia gabonensis in ameliorating the liver damage.
Plasma Electrolyte Patterns among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Heart Disorder in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Onovughakpo-Sakpa E. O. , Atoe K.
Published: August 2024

Pregnancy characterizes noticeable physiological and hormonal changes, which could impact on plasma volume and electrolyte balance, influencing various aspects of maternal and fetal health. Hence, the objective of this is to examine the plasma electrolyte patterns AMONG pregnant women with hypertensive heart disorders in Benin City, Nigeria, using appropriate standard methods to focus on preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and normotensive controls. Analysis of the plasma levels of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride revealed no significant changes between the groups when all trimesters were taken into account. As investigated per trimester, preeclamptic patients showed significantly lower plasma levels of sodium in the second and third trimesters as compared to controls. Conversely, PIH individuals exhibited elevated calcium levels during these trimesters. Severity of preeclampsia did not significantly influence plasma sodium, potassium, or chloride levels, and the influence of body mass index (BMI) toward the distribution of electrolytes among preeclamptic patients was negligible. The findings suggest that while plasma electrolyte levels are generally consistent across groups, certain patterns emerge when considering the trimester and type of hypertensive heart disorder. Further studies could elucidate the implications of these variations and contribute to improved clinical management for pregnant women with hypertensive heart disorders.
Examination of the Impact of Value Engineering Implementation on the Overall Maintenance Performance of Gravel Roads Maintenance Projects in Tanzania
Authors: Kindole A. , Msambichaka J. , Tekka R. , Lingwanda M.
Published: August 2024

Despite significant advancements in road infrastructure, the Tanzania gravel roads (GR) network continues to face challenges, with a staggering 65 percent of the network still remaining in poor condition. Hence, this paper examines the impact of value engineering (VE) implementation on the overall maintenance performance of gravel road maintenance projects in Tanzania using a partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling approach. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between VE principles implementation and the overall performance, accounting for 83.3% of the variance. In advancing the current state-of-the-practice in GR projects maintenance management, this study enhances understanding of VE phases, maintenance-related methods, and activities. These findings serve as a benchmark for decision-makers seeking to enhance projects performance in Tanzania, with potential applicability to regions facing similar climate and weather conditions worldwide.
Exploring the Impact of Relationship Marketing (RAI) on the Performance of Small and Medium scale Enterprises in South East Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Martina
Published: August 2024

Relationship marketing is a strategy designed to foster customer loyalty, interaction, and long-term engagement. It aims to build lasting relationships with customers and as well boost the performance of small and medium scale enterprises. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the extent of the acceptance and application of Relationship Marketing Concept (RMC) and to explore its impact to the growth of SMEs in southeastern Nigeria. Relevant The study anchored on Network Theory which views relationships in the context of a broader network of interactions, emphasizing the importance of relationships not just with customers, but also with other stakeholders like suppliers, partners, and employees. The study adopted Sequential Exploratory survey research design which enabled the use of semi-structured interviews and observation. The study was carried out in southeastern part of Nigeria. It covers 50 SMEs within Abia, Anambra, Imo, Enugu and Ebony state. Data was analyzed using quantitative method with frequency tables and simple percentage. The results showed that over 90% of SMEs in the five sample states in southeastern Nigeria adopted and used the relationship marketing concept. That the adoption of RM concept has impacted greatly to the growth and suitability of the SMEs in the states. The study recommended that Small businesses need to continually invest in developing new relationship marketing strategies; Continuous participation in seminars, trainings and lectures on new RM strategies will improve a company`s ability to remain competitive, respond quickly to customer needs and provide high-quality services; SMEs should hire competent and highly energetic managers and employees those who are familiar with modern relationship marketing practices.
The hydrochemistry, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates of some anthropogenically stressed parts of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
Authors: Nkwoji Joseph A. , Okeke Ebele G. , Enukorah Amalachukwu , Oluseye-Are Oyeyinka S.
Published: August 2024

The introduction of biodegradable wastes into the coastal waters has altered the water and sediment qualities and constituted stressors to the aquatic biota. This research was carried out to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic inputs on the water, sediment, and benthic fauna of the Lagos lagoon. Six sampling locations were studied from July to December, 2023. Water as well as benthic samples were collected monthly at each study station using the Hydrobios water sampler and the Van-veen grab respectively, and analyzed in the laboratory following standard procedures. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in values of the pH, salinity, The sediment particle composition was dominated by mud. A total of 597 benthic macrofauna individuals comprising 3 Phyla, 4 Classes, 4 Orders, 8 Families, 8 Genera and 8 Species were sampled. The gastropods, Tympanotonus fuscatus dominated the benthic Macrofauna assemblage of the study area accounting for 56.0%. The Phylum Arthropoda was represented by one species Clibanarius africanus, recorded the least number of individuals, which contributed 0.05% of the total number of individuals collected during the Sampling period. The low abundance of the filter-feeding bivalves, the highly sensitive arthropod species as well as Pachymelania aurita in the study area may be indicative of stressed nature of the area. The existence of benthic macroinvertebrates must be guaranteed by ensuring healthy water bodies. This is possible through the implementation of environmental protective measures, which should be on the bases on the baseline condition of these pollution hotspots of the Lagos lagoon.
Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in third trimester eclamptic women attendee of selected hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Banda J.M. , Bigwan E.I. , Sheyin Z. , Onyemelukwe G.C. , Ndubuisi J.C. , Okojokwu O.J.
Published: August 2024

Eclampsia, a life-threatening occurrence of convulsion(s) in association with hypertension and significant proteinuria in pregnancy has remained an important public health problem, contributing to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. The aim of this was to determine serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in eclampsia, and to compare with those of healthy pregnant and non-pregnant controls. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the sera of eclamptic women (n=38), normal healthy pregnant women (n=25) and healthy non pregnant controls (n=25). Data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 21.0 (Chiga, USA) and p< 0.05 is considered to be significant. The overall result of the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (232.10±135.87 pg/ml) in eclamptic women was significantly higher than the mean values (180.58±29.18 pg/ ml and 178.38±36.12 pg/ml) in pregnant and non-pregnant controls respectively. Furthermore, eclampsia had higher level of tumor necrosis factor alpha mean value compared with non-pregnant controls (P<0.05). Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha in the maternal circulation might play a central role in the excessive systemic inflammatory response, as well as the generalized endothelial dysfunction characteristics of the maternal syndrome of eclampsia. Excessive production of tumor necrosis factor alpha may serve as immunoreactive agent responsible for clinical symptoms and fetal death recorded in women with eclampsia in this study. A further longitudinal study involving a larger population is strongly advocated to captures dangerous alterations in the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha as they manifest in the course of pregnancy.
Machine learning-based model for prediction of accountants behaviour in Nigeria
Authors: Udeagha E.O. , Choji D.N. , Olalere M. , Ajayi B.A.
Published: August 2024

The integration of technology in accounting roles raises questions about the adaptability and skills of accountants in utilizing these tools effectively. Understanding how accountants' behavior is influenced by technology is crucial for their professional development and the accounting industry's future. This study focused on the development of a predictive model, leveraging both Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) models. The research methodology involved the use of Pandas DataFrame to establish a robust framework for the dataset, incorporating both established and innovative features as input variables. These datasets were then utilized as the training data for the predictive model, with the primary objective of extracting valuable insights for decision-making and forecasting accountant behavior. The key findings of the study shed light on the performance of the different models employed. The Naïve Bayes model emerged as a standout performer, achieving an accuracy rate of 63% and an exceptional recall rate of 97%. This underscores its effectiveness in predicting accountant behavior, especially in identifying positive instances. On the other hand, the K-Nearest Neighbors model displayed a balanced trade-off between precision and recall, achieving an accuracy rate of 52% and an F1 score of 64%. This suggests that the model provides a reasonable compromise between accurately identifying positive cases and overall performance. Furthermore, the hybrid KNN-NB model, which amalgamates elements from both approaches, also achieved an accuracy rate of 52%. This finding indicates that the hybrid model has the potential to harness the strengths of both algorithms, offering a versatile approach to predicting accountant behavior.
Improved amylolytic ability of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis strains isolated from Cassava mash and Ogi
Authors: Akinyele H.A. , Odeleye O.P. , Ariyo O.O. , Akinyele A.A.
Published: August 2024

Lactic acid bacteria were investigated for their ability to degrade starch under various conditions. Three isolates were selected and they include two Lactobacillus plantarum strains and one Lactobacillus brevis (LP1, LP2 and LB respectively). Growth and amylase production were optimised with different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, metal ions and starch concentrations. Obtained data were analyzed with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 2007. All the isolates gave the maximum values for growth and enzyme production at 30 oC while the optimum pH for growth was 5.0 for isolate LP2 and 6.0 for LB and LP1. The best pH for amylase production for the isolates was 6.0. Optimum amylase activity occurred at 50 oC for LP1 and LP2 and at 60oC for LB. All the strains studied utilised all carbon sources for growth and amylase production. Concentrations of soluble starch affected amylase production considerably. Metal ions at low concentrations increased the activity of the enzyme while micromolar concentrations of EDTA and 2,4 DNP repressed the activity of the enzyme. LP1 and LP2 had the same Vmax and Kmax values of 5.0 while LB had the lowest values of Vmax and Kmax. LP1 had the highest Km value.
Bird species richness and abundance in an urban disturbed wooded Savanna
Authors: Turshak L.G. , Abdullahi N.S.
Published: August 2024

Changes in natural habitats by man in the tropics, especially through change in land use constitute a great threat to biodiversity. Habitat modification as a result of human population growth and development activities are the leading causes of biodiversity loss, including decline in bird species abundance and richness. Human activities such as bush burning, felling of trees, indiscriminate dumping of refuse, illegal mining activities are common sight at the Jos Wildlife. This study determined the distribution of bird species abundance and richness in disturbed areas of the Jos Wildlife Park namely mining, logged, gallery forest and savanna sites at the Jos Wildlife Park. The Jos Wildlife Park is located within the Jos Plateau of Plateau State, North-central Nigeria (09°53'N and 08°58'E). This forms a unique vegetation unit, within the GuineoCongolian/Sudanian Regional Transition Zone. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze data. A total of 527 individual birds, 66 bird species in 35 families were recorded in July 2023. Although there was no significant difference in bird species abundance across the savanna, logged, mining and gallery forest sites, data showed that Savanna Site had the highest bird species abundance. There was no significant difference in bird species richness across the savanna, logged, mining and gallery forest sites, although data showed that Gallery Forest had the highest bird species richness. We conclude that bird species abundance and richness at the Jos Wildlife Park were recorded in denser vegetation compared with areas with less dense and sparsely distributed vegetation.
Evaluation of certain heavy metals in soil samples within selected southern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Mathew S. , Kure N. , Daniel I.H. , Gyuk P.M. , Lakin I.I.
Published: August 2024

This research paper investigated the presence of heavy metals in Soil samples from three selected sites within the southern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The aim of the study to analysis the level of heavy metals concentration within selected southern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twelve (12) samples were analysed at the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Kaduna using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). From the result, it was found that Mn has the highest mean concentration 83.3 mg/kg and Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb have moderate concentration with mean level of 11.37 mg/kg, 36.53 mg/kg, 41.17 mg/kg, 7.30 mg/kg, 24.57 and 40.13 mg/kg respectively. Other Samples with low mean concentration levels are; Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na with 0.05 mg/kg, 0.04 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg and 0.38 mg/kg respectively, which is far less than the maximum permissible level recommended by WHO of 1.2 to 1.5 mg/kg. Hence, the result shows that there were heavy elements within the sampled area. The need for health agency to create awareness on the poor level of basic nutritional elements within the area and also, provide alternative source of the nutritional elements in their dietary. These lack of the basic nutritional elements can leads to the Retard growth, Kwashiorkor, Rickets and Anaemia.