bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A k‐space‐based method to measure and correct for temporal B0 field variations in MR temperature imaging
Authors: Parker Dennis L. , Payne Allison , Odéen Henrik
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Present a method to use change in phase in repeated Cartesian k‐space measurements to monitor the change in magnetic field for dynamic MR temperature imaging.

Methods

The method is applied to focused ultrasound heating experiments in a gelatin phantom and an ex vivo salt pork sample, without and with simulated respiratory motion.

Results

In each experiment, phase variations due to B0 field drift and respiration were readily apparent in the measured phase difference. With correction, the SD of the temperature over time was reduced from 0.18°C to 0.14°C (no breathing) and from 0.81°C to 0.22°C (with breathing) for the gelatin phantom, and from 0.68°C to 0.13°C (no breathing) and from 1.06°C to 0.17°C (with breathing) for the pork sample. The accuracy in nonheated regions, assessed as the RMS error deviation from 0°C, improved from 1.70°C to 1.11°C (no breathing) and from 4.73°C to 1.47°C (with breathing) for the gelatin phantom, and from 5.95°C to 0.88°C (no breathing) and from 13.40°C to 1.73°C (with breathing) for the pork sample. The correction did not affect the temperature measurement accuracy in the heated regions.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates that phase changes resulting from variations in B0 due to drift and respiration, commonly seen in MR thermometry applications, can be measured directly from 3D Cartesian acquisition methods. The correction of temporal field variations using the presented technique improved temperature accuracy, reduced variability in nonheated regions, and did not reduce accuracy in heated regions.
Understanding prescribed dose in hand strengthening exercise for rheumatoid arthritis: A secondary analysis of the SARAH trial
Authors: Boniface Graham , Sanchez‐Santos Maria T. , Norris Meriel , OConnell Neil , Williamson Esther , Lamb Sarah E.
Published: May 2022

Objective

1) To identify therapist or participant characteristics associated with prescribed dose of hand strengthening exercise in adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 2) To determine the impact of dose prescribed on outcome (hand function and grip strength).

Methods

Overall dose was calculated using area under the curve (AUC). Analysis 1 assessed the association between therapist professional background, therapist grade, baseline participant physical and psychological characteristics and prescribed dose. Analyses 2 and 3 estimated the relationship between prescribed dose and overall hand function and grip strength. Generalised estimating equation linear regression analysis was used.

Results

Analysis 1: Being treated by an occupational therapist (β = −297.0, 95% CI −398.6, −195.4), metacarpophalangeal joint deformity (β = −24.1, 95% CI −42.3, −5.9), a higher number of swollen wrist/hand joints (β = −11.4, 95% CI −21.6, −1.2) and the participant feeling downhearted and low all of the time (β = −293.6, 95% CI −436.1, −151.1) were associated with being prescribed a lower dose. Being treated by a grade 6 therapist (β = 159.1, 95% CI 65.7, 252.5), higher baseline grip strength (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.02, 0.28) and greater participant confidence to exercise without fear of making symptoms worse (β = 18.9, 95% CI 1.5, 36.3) were associated with being prescribed a higher dose. Analyses 2 and 3: Higher dose was associated with greater overall hand function (β = 0.005, 95% CI 0.001, 0.010) and full‐hand grip strength (β = 0.014, 95% CI 0.000, 0.025) at 4‐month.

Conclusion

Higher dose was associated with better clinical outcomes. Prescription of hand strengthening exercise is associated with both therapist and participant characteristics.
Proton metabolic mapping of the brain at 7 T using a two‐dimensional free induction decay–echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging readout with lipid suppression
Authors: Nam Kyung Min , Hendriks Arjan D. , Boer Vincent O. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Wijnen Jannie P. , Bhogal Alex A.
Published: May 2022

The increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and chemical shift dispersion at high magnetic fields (≥7 T) have enabled neuro‐metabolic imaging at high spatial resolutions. To avoid very long acquisition times with conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) phase‐encoding schemes, solutions such as pulse‐acquire or free induction decay (FID) sequences with short repetition time and inner volume selection methods with acceleration (echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging [EPSI]), have been proposed. With the inner volume selection methods, limited spatial coverage of the brain and long echo times may still impede clinical implementation. FID‐MRSI sequences benefit from a short echo time and have a high SNR per time unit; however, contamination from strong extra‐cranial lipid signals remains a problem that can hinder correct metabolite quantification. L2‐regularization can be applied to remove lipid signals in cases with high spatial resolution and accurate prior knowledge. In this work, we developed an accelerated two‐dimensional (2D) FID‐MRSI sequence using an echo‐planar readout and investigated the performance of lipid suppression by L2‐regularization, an external crusher coil, and the combination of these two methods to compare the resulting spectral quality in three subjects. The reduction factor of lipid suppression using the crusher coil alone varies from 2 to 7 in the lipid region of the brain boundary. For the combination of the two methods, the average lipid area inside the brain was reduced by 2% to 38% compared with that of unsuppressed lipids, depending on the subject's region of interest. 2D FID‐EPSI with external lipid crushing and L2‐regularization provides high in‐plane coverage and is suitable for investigating brain metabolite distributions at high fields.
Flow‐Based Synthesis of Gold‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetoplasmonic Sensing Applications
Authors: Mehdipour Milad , Gloag Lucy , Hagness Daniel , Lian Jiaxin , Alam Md Saiful , Chen Xueqian , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding John Justin
Published: May 2022

Gold‐coated magnetic nanoparticles are key materials for the fast separation and ultrasensitive detection of analytes in magnetoplasmonic sensors. However, the synthesis of gold‐coated magnetic nanoparticles typically requires small‐scale, colloidal methods over hours or days and often results in incomplete shells with variable optical properties. A robust, rapid, and scalable synthesis method is still needed to reliably form a complete gold nanoshell around magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, a new methodology for the synthesis of gold‐coated magnetic nanoparticles via a flow‐based manufacturing system that can easily be scaled up is presented. The developed method first produces gold‐seeded silica coated magnetic nanoparticles and then a complete, tunable gold shell with relatively uniform size and shape. The flow‐based method can be performed in a total time of less than 2 min, enabling rapid and complete gold coating. The particles show both excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties, which facilitates application as biosensing agents in dark‐field microscopy and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering.
Porous Copper Foam‐Based Plasmonic Nanocrystals Modified 3D Semiconductor Nanoflowers for Multifold, Recyclable, and Portable Detection of Environmental Contaminant
Authors: Bao Zhiyong , Zhou Yu , Du Yunlong , Zhang Maofeng , Liu Yongkai , Wang Jiaheng , Lv Jun , Cai Jing , Zhang Yong , Wu Yucheng
Published: May 2022

A multifunctional solid‐state surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoarray exhibiting superior detection sensitivity with high stability and reproducibility has been a hotspot since it provides multiple analyses and on‐site detection platform. Herein, porous Cu foam‐based plasmonic nanocrystals modified 3D mixed phase TiO2 nanoflowers heterojunction for the effective photodegradation under visible‐light exposures is fabricated. Firstly, TiO2 nanoflowers composed of many upright one‐dimensional TiO2 nanopillars possess the merits of a large specific surface area and optical absorption. These nanopillars not only restrain the recombination of electron‐hole pairs by shortening the diffusion length of minority carrier to the TiO2 surface, but also are favorable for the carrier transport in the one‐dimensional nanostructure. Secondly, the introduction of plasmonic nanocrystals with localized surface plasmon resonance effect will boost the overall photoabsorption of TiO2 nanopillars and strengthen the electromagnetic field around the Ag nanocrystals, thus promoting the SERS effect. Under visible‐light excitation, the hot electrons generated by the nonradiative transition of Ag nanocrystals (≈50 nm) transfer to TiO2 to participate in the photocatalytic reaction, which improves the degradation efficiency of pollutants. The ultrasensitive and recyclable substrates displayed by this platform may lay a foundation for rapid detection analysis on environment toxicity when coupled with a portable Raman device.
Dam operations, local rainfall, changing settlement growth pattern and flooding in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunkoya Olayinka O. , Olayiwola Hafiz A.
Published: May 2022

Since 1968 when the Kainji dam was built on the R. Niger in Nigeria, many other large dams, and more than 10 formal, large‐scale irrigation schemes have been constructed in the R. Niger drainage basin. By the early 1990s, a perception had developed in the Niger Delta, the floodplain and tidal region comprising the terminal distributaries of the R. Niger, that the operations of these dams and upstream land use have caused a marked reduction in river discharges in the Delta. Concurrently with the dam construction era (1964–1995), there was a 30‐year (1968–1998) drought particularly in the Sudan‐Sahel Zone of West Africa, a significant section of the R. Niger drainage basin. This negatively impacted the flow regime in the Delta. The long‐term low flow regime appears to have influenced the direction of settlement growth in the region. Rainfall started reverting to pre‐drought levels circa 1995, promoting spate flows on the R. Niger, its tributaries and the Delta. The consequence has been debilitating quasi‐annual flooding also perceived in the Niger Delta as another result of dam operations. This study attempts to elucidate the cause of flooding in the Niger Delta, and particularly the roles of dam operations, local rainfall, and direction of settlement growth on the flooding phenomena. Flooding and flood impact mitigating solutions are proffered.
New Trends in Nanoarchitectured SERS Substrates: Nanospaces, 2D Materials, and Organic Heterostructures
Authors: Guselnikova Olga , Lim Hyunsoo , Kim Hyun‐Jong , Kim Sung Hyun , Gorbunova Alina , Eguchi Miharu , Postnikov Pavel , Nakanishi Takuya , Asahi Toru , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: May 2022

This article reviews recent fabrication methods for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with a focus on advanced nanoarchitecture based on noble metals with special nanospaces (round tips, gaps, and porous spaces), nanolayered 2D materials, including hybridization with metallic nanostructures (NSs), and the contemporary repertoire of nanoarchitecturing with organic molecules. The use of SERS for multidisciplinary applications has been extensively investigated because the considerably enhanced signal intensity enables the detection of a very small number of molecules with molecular fingerprints. Nanoarchitecture strategies for the design of new NSs play a vital role in developing SERS substrates. In this review, recent achievements with respect to the special morphology of metallic NSs are discussed, and future directions are outlined for the development of available NSs with reproducible preparation and well‐controlled nanoarchitecture. Nanolayered 2D materials are proposed for SERS applications as an alternative to the noble metals. The modern solutions to existing limitations for their applications are described together with the state‐of‐the‐art in bio/environmental SERS sensing using 2D materials‐based composites. To complement the existing toolbox of plasmonic inorganic NSs, hybridization with organic molecules is proposed to improve the stability of NSs and selectivity of SERS sensing by hybridizing with small or large organic molecules.
Construction of Synergistic Ni3S2‐MoS2 Nanoheterojunctions on Ni Foam as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Integrated with Biomass Valorization
Authors: Yang Shaowei , Guo Ying , Zhao Yike , Zhang Ling , Shen Haidong , Wang Jinhui , Li Jinjin , Wu Chen , Wang Wenbin , Cao Yueling , Zhuo Sifei , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng
Published: May 2022

The intrinsic sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the improvement of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, and substituting the anodic oxidation of biomass materials is an alternative approach, given its lower oxidation potential and higher added value compared to those of OER. In this study, a Ni3S2‐MoS2 nanoheterojunction catalyst with strong electronic interactions is prepared. It exhibits high efficiency for both the HER and the electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In a two‐electrode cell with Ni3S2‐MoS2 serving as both the anode and cathode, the potential is only 1.44 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is much lower than that of pure water splitting. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the strong chemisorption of H and HMF at the interface leads to outstanding electrocatalytic activity. The findings not only provide a strategy for developing efficient electrocatalysts, but also provide an approach for the continuous production of high value‐added products and H2.
Thermochromic Cs2AgBiBr6 Single Crystal with Decreased Band Gap through Order‐Disorder Transition
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Song Yilong , Lu Yuan , Zhang Zhuang , Wang Yang , Yang Yang , Dong Qingfeng , Yu Yi , Qin Peng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2022

Lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite is considered to be a promising alternative to the traditional lead‐based analogues due to its long carrier lifetime, high structural stability, and non‐toxicity. However, the large band gap limits its absorption of visible light, which is not conducive to further optoelectronic applications. Herein, a thermochromic strategy is reported to decrease the band gap of Cs2AgBiBr6 by approximately 0.36 eV, obtaining the smallest reported band gap of 1.69 eV under ambient conditions. The experimental data indicate that after annealing the Cs2AgBiBr6 single crystals at 400 °C, the silver (Ag) and bismuth (Bi) atoms occupy the B‐site in a random way and form a partially disordered configuration. The formation of the antisite defects broadens the band edges and decreases the band gap. This work offers new insights into the preparation of narrow band gap lead‐free double perovskites, and a deep understanding of their structural and electronic properties for further development in photoelectric devices.
Do jaguars of the Amazon rainforest have a systemic perspective?
Authors: Pinzón‐Salcedo Luis Arturo , Bernal‐Alvarado Juanita , Ramírez‐Franco Eloisa María , Pesca‐Perdomo Mario Alejandro
Published: May 2022

In a jungle environment where jaguars are considered human, systems thinking has evolved in unexpected ways. Although systems thinking is commonly seen as a product of the Western world, other cultures have developed their own versions with unique characteristics. In this article, we explore Amazonian systems thinking, which has similarities to modern Western systems thinking, as well as differences that may inspire the evolution of systems approaches worldwide. We will discuss the contributions of Amazonian systems thinking particularly to find answers to the planet's ecological and sustainability problems, such as climate change and mass extinction of species, among others. We will present the systems thinking that emerged in some Amazonian communities, how it relates to mainstream Western systems thinking, and focus on some unique aspects of Amazonian systems thinking. This paper is based on the ethnographic work of Gerardo Reichel‐Dolmatoff and other anthropologists who have studied Amazonian communities for decades.
Gender spillovers in foreign direct investments: An analysis of Namibia
Authors: EL Sherif Reem , Adjasi Charles Komla Delali , Graham Michael
Published: May 2022

We estimate FDI spillovers through the gender channel, as an additional measure to the total labour channel. This enables us to explicitly distinguish the role of females in labour spillovers. In addition, we provide an enhanced understanding of the distinction between spillovers in the manufacturing and services sectors. Using data from Namibia, our reported results show that spillovers through the female labour channel tend to be stronger than the total labour channel. The findings also provide evidence of strong spillovers through the exporting channel, innovation channels and backward linkages for the manufacturing sector. For the services sector, spillovers are strongest through technology innovation channel and forward linkages. The findings suggest an array of policy implications, including strengthening investment in female labour, investment climate and enterprise development initiatives.
Avoiding litigation in the age of telemedicine
Authors: Desai Chaitya , Modgil Vaibhav , Pearce Ian
Published: May 2022

Since the COVID‐19 pandemic, telemedicine has provided a lifeline for non‐emergency healthcare provision. However, with its widespread implementation, many clinicians wonder what the litigation considerations might be for telemedicine. This paper reviews the legal cases that have shaped UK clinical negligence legislation and their application to telemedicine. Key considerations for avoiding litigation are also outlined.
How has COVID‐19 affected sex and fertility?
Authors: Woodhouse Christopher
Published: May 2022

COVID‐19 pandemic has had an effect on our sex lives, but whether it has an impact on fertility or can be sexually transmitted are yet to be determined.
Spoon fed: why almost everything we have been told about food is wrong
Authors: Kirby Mike
Published: May 2022

A book review of Spoon fed: why almost everything we have been told about food is wrong by Tim Spector.
Association of thrombus density and endovascular treatment outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to M1 occlusions
Authors: Bruggeman Agnetha A. E. , Aberson Nyk , Kappelhof Manon , Dutra Bruna G. , Hoving Jan W. , Brouwer Josje , Tolhuisen Manon L. , Terreros Nerea Arrarte , Konduri Praneeta R. , Boodt Nikki , Roos Yvo B. W. E. M. , van Zwam Wim H. , Bokkers Reinoud , Martens Jasper , Marquering Henk A. , Emmer Bart J. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. ,   the MR CLEAN Registry investigators
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We aimed to study the association of non-contrast CT (NCCT) thrombus density with procedural and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT). Since thrombus density is associated with thrombus location, we focused on M1 occlusions only.

Methods

Patients with available thin-slice (< 2.5 mm) NCCT were included from a nationwide registry. Regression models were used to assess the relation between thrombus density (per Hounsfield unit [HU]) and the following outcomes. For reperfusion grade, adjusted common odds ratios (acOR) indicated a 1-step shift towards improved outcome per HU increase in thrombus density. For the binary outcomes of first-pass reperfusion (first-pass extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [eTICI] 2C-3, FPR), functional independence [90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2] and mortality), aORs were reported. Adjusted β coefficients (aβ) were reported for 24-h NIHSS and procedure duration in minutes. Outcome differences between first-line treatment devices (stent retriever versus aspiration) were assessed with interaction terms.

Results

In 566 patients with M1 occlusions, thrombus density was not associated with reperfusion (acOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.02), FPR (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03), mortality (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95–1.00), 24-h NIHSS (aβ − 0.7%, 95% CI − 1.4–0.2), or procedure duration (aβ 0.27, 95% CI − 0.05–0.58). In multivariable analysis, thrombus density was associated with functional independence (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.05). No interaction was found between thrombus density and first-line treatment device for any outcome.

Conclusion

In patients with M1 occlusions, thrombus density was not clearly associated with procedural and clinical outcomes after EVT.
Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging can predict prostate cancer with risk for positive surgical margins
Authors: Quentin M. , Schimmöller L. , Ullrich T. , Valentin B. , Demetrescu D. , Al-Monajjed R. , Mally D. , Esposito I. , Albers P. , Antoch G. , Arsov C.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Analysis of patients with pre-operative 3 T multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) to determine reliable MRI-based risk predictors of patients at risk for positive surgical margins (PSM) in robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RPE).

Methods

Consecutive patients with 3 T mpMRI and subsequent RPE from 01/2015 to 12/2018 were retrospectively included. Patients were compared regarding clinical and MRI related parameters such as length of capsular tumor contact (LCC) and distance to the membranous urethra (UD).

Results

Forty-nine of 179 patients (27%) had PSM in 70 different localizations, with the majority located at the capsule (57%, 40/70), mostly apical and/or posterior. The second most often PSM occurred at the apical urethra (22%, 15/70). PCA was visible on mpMRI at the localization of PSM in 93% at the capsule and in 80% at the urethra. PSA, PI-RADS classification, extraprostatic extension (EPE), and seminal vesicles infiltration (SVI) on MRI were significantly higher / more frequent in patients with PSM. LCC (AUC 0.710), EPE (AUC 0.693), and UD (1-AUC 0.673) predicted PSM (overall). An UD of ≤ 3.5 mm showed the highest accuracy of 95% (J = 0.946) for PSM at the urethra and a LCC of ≥ 22.5 mm with 77% (J = 0.378) for PSM at the capsule.

Conclusion

PSM occurred mostly in the apex and/or posteriorly at the capsule or at the apical urethra. LCC was the best MRI predictor for PSM at the capsule and UD for tumors with PSM at the apical urethra. Using these MRI parameters readers might pre-operatively determine PCA localizations at risk for PSM.
Darstellung der eosinophilen Fasziitis in Ultraschall und MRT (Magnetresonanztomographie): ein Fallbericht
Authors: Gerritzen Nicolas , Ziob Jana , Brossart Peter , Schäfer Valentin S.
Published: May 2022

Die eosinophile Fasziitis (EF, auch Shulman-Syndrom) ist eine seltene Erkrankung des Bindegewebes mit entzündlicher Verdickung der Faszien sowie Schwellung und Verhärtung der Haut. Betroffen sind v. a. die distalen Extremitäten. Typische klinische Befunde stellen eine lokalisierte Schwellung und Verhärtung der Haut sowie das Groove-Sign (deutsch: Rillenzeichen/negatives Venenzeichen/Matratzenphänomen) dar. Der Goldstandard für die Diagnosesicherung ist bisher der bioptische Nachweis entzündlich verdickter Faszien. In der Literatur wird alternativ die Diagnosesicherung durch MRT-Bildgebung diskutiert. Wir berichten über einen Fall von asymmetrischer EF bei einem 54 Jahre alten, männlichen Deutschen. Die Vorstellung erfolgte mit schmerzhafter Verhärtung im Bereich des rechten Unterarms sowie charakteristischem Groove-Sign und einer Bewegungseinschränkung der rechten Hand. Im Blutbild zeigte sich eine Eosinophilie mit 0,57 G/l bzw. 9,6 % (norm. 0,05–0,5 G/l und 0,5–5,5 %), ANAs und ENAs waren negativ. Die Diagnosesicherung erfolgte histologisch, zusätzlich konnten wir verdickte Faszien sowohl im MRT als auch in der Sonographie nachweisen. Im Verlauf manifestierte sich die EF auch am linken Malleolus lateralis. Die Therapie erfolgte mit Prednisolon und Methotrexat.
Improper case
Authors: Poole Ethan
Published: May 2022

This paper argues that case assignment is impossible in configurations that parallel generalized improper-movement configurations. Thus, like improper movement, there is “improper case.” The empirical motivation comes from (i) the interaction between case and movement and (ii) crossclausal case assignment in Finnish. I propose that improper case is ruled out by theBan on Improper Case: a DP in [Spec, XP] cannot establish a dependent-case relationship with a lower DP across YP if Y is higher than X in the functional sequence. I show that this constraint falls under a strong version of theWilliams Cycle(Williams 1974, 2003, 2013; van Riemsdijk and Williams 1981) and is derived under Williams’s (2003, 2013) analysis of embedding.
Family Conflict and the Use of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes in Adolescence: the Role of Impulsivity Traits
Authors: Eslava D. , Martínez-Vispo C. , Villanueva-Blasco V. J. , Errasti-Pérez J. M. , Al-Halabí S.
Published: May 2022

Adolescents’ use of tobacco is a worldwide problem due to the negative consequences on their physical and psychosocial development. One contextual variable related to tobacco use is family conflict. Previous research has suggested that the relationship between family conflict and tobacco use could be mediated by personality traits. The aim of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of family conflict on tobacco use (conventional and electronic cigarettes) through specific impulsivity constructs. The sample comprised 879 adolescents (56.4% male; M(SD)age = 14.25 (1.88) years). Multiple mediational analysis showed that there was no significant direct effect between family conflict and tobacco use; however, an indirect effect was found between family conflict and conventional cigarette use through sensation seeking and premeditation. With electronic cigarettes, a significant indirect effect was found via sensation seeking. These findings have implications in terms of prevention and treatment of tobacco use during adolescence.
Consequences of platforms' remuneration models for digital content: initial evidence and a research agenda for streaming services
Authors: Meyn Janek , Kandziora Michael , Albers Sönke , Clement Michel
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, platforms in many industries offer content for a (monthly) flat rate (e.g., music streaming). While flat rates are efficient in reducing transaction costs for administering customers, platforms’ rules for remunerating content right holders are crucial for royalty allocation and, as a result, heavily discussed in several industries. The music industry’s business practices could be on the verge of their next disruption. There is an ongoing heated debate with respect to how the income of flat rates through streaming services should be allocated to right holders (labels and artists). This research investigates aspects of the supply and demand side effects as well as the resulting monetary consequences of changing the currently applied proportional-to-usage remuneration policy (pro rata) to a user-centric policy. Using individual-level data from 3,326 participants and data from Spotify’s API, we empirically quantify the monetary consequences of this change for the music industry. Depending on the remuneration system, we find a substantial reallocation of nearly 170 million € per year at Spotify. We discuss demand and supply-side consequences that may change the way music is currently produced and consumed. We conclude with a research agenda on the impact of business conventions for users, platforms, and artists in the music streaming industry.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties and deformability of metal-based composite sheets made of thin stainless-steel sheets and carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: Shibuya Yuki , Zhang Jingwei , Sato Yuji , Yanagimoto Jun
Published: May 2022

Ultra-lightweight sheets with excellent deformability are required for the development of new air vehicles, as well as greener conventional vehicles. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has a high specific rigidity and strength but is too expensive to be used in general machine parts. Using CFRP enhances the properties of the material itself. Furthermore, developing the usage of the material also makes the mechanical properties higher. The purpose of this paper is to combine both methods and produce a material with better rigidity and deformability. The new structure was proposed considering the moment of inertia of area. This structure was excellent not only in terms of rigidity but also in the moldability of the core. In addition, the effects of the structure dimensions on the moldability, bonding strength and flexural rigidity were determined using finite element (FE) analysis and experiments. By comparing the results of the FE analysis conducted under pure bending conditions with three-point bending experiment, it was found that the FE analysis of pure bending fails to predict the three-point bending stiffness because the shear stress has a significant effect on the experimental measurements. By modifying the model from pure bending to three-point bending, the experimental results were well reproduced by the 3D FE analysis.
Paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on the small vertebrates from the Middle Paleolithic of Hohle Fels Cave, SW Germany
Authors: Luzi Elisa , Blanco-Lapaz Àngel , Rhodes Sara E. , Conard Nicholas J.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we analyse the fish and small mammal assemblages from the Middle Paleolithic horizons of Hohle Fels Cave to reconstruct the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions faced by the Neanderthal groups who occupied the site. The fish assemblage indicates that the freshwater ecosystem around this site was characterized by a pre-mountain river system with the presence of permanent, oxygen-rich, and cold running waters. The results of the Habitat Weighting Method and the Bioclimatic Model applied to the small mammal assemblage, coupled with the new dates obtained for the Archaeological Horizon (AH) IX, allow us to identify two different climatic phases. One phase (AH X-XII) is more temperate possibly corresponding to the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5; the other (AH VI-IX) is colder and more arid corresponding to the end of MIS 4 through the beginning of MIS 3. Open environments with a relatively stable forest component dominated the landscape during this part of the Middle Paleolithic. These two climatic phases appear to correspond to different levels of occupational intensity by Neanderthals, with higher occupational intensity during mild climatic periods and lower intensity during cold, arid periods. Our climatic reconstruction and recent absolute dating, together with the recovery of a complete leaf point near the top of AH X, have important implications for the cultural stratigraphy and cultural chronology of the region. Archaeologist have traditionally viewed leaf points as key artefacts of the Blattspitzengruppe, a cultural complex attributed to the end of Middle Paleolithic; however, this stratigraphic, climatic, and chronological context indicates the need to revise this interpretation.
Exosome-related protein CRABP2 is upregulated in ovarian carcinoma and enhances cell proliferation
Authors: Li Ning , Lin Guocui , Zhang Ying , Zhang Qingyu , Zhang Haitao
Published: May 2022

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer among women worldwide. Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is a considerable challenge for gynecological oncologists. The exosome is a new emerging biomarker pool for cancer. Herein, we apply integrative transcriptome analysis to discover a new exosome biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. We found 2316 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which were 431 DEGs that coded exosome proteins. We demonstrated three potential biomarkers—CRABP2, SPP1, and TNFAIP6, which are higher in ovarian cancer and associated with poor prognosis. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, CRABP2 performs better than the currently used biomarker CA125 in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. CRABP2 level significantly elevates as the malignant property increases. We further confirmed that CRABP2 is upregulated in clinical tumor tissues of ovarian cancer patients as the malignant levels increase. CRABP2 can be detected and upregulated in the exosome in ovarian cancer patient serum samples rather than in healthy controls. GSEA revealed that high expression of CRABP2 was positively correlated with mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation pathway. At the same time, overexpression of CRABP2 can upregulate oxidative metabolism-related genes such as CYP4A11 and promote cell proliferation. Our findings based on CRABP2 could advance current practice in diagnosing and treating ovarian cancer.
Terug naar het normaal
Authors: Mulders Peter F.A.
Published: May 2022

Samenvatting

Alhier het abstractnummer van ons Tijdschrift. Niet zomaar een nummer: het zijn de abstracts die live gepresenteerd gaan worden tijdens het wetenschappelijk gedeelte van de voorjaarsvergadering van de NVU in Arnhem. Terug naar het normaal. Ondanks het feit dat de digitale voordrachten niet slecht gingen, is het natuurlijk veel beter om live reflectie te krijgen op je wetenschappelijk werk.
Abstracts voorjaarsvergadering NVU, 19 en 20 mei 2022
Authors:   Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Published: May 2022

Samenvatting

Bariatrische ingrepen zoals gastric sleeve (GS) en Rouxen-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) beïnvloeden de vochtinname en het metabolisme van de patiënt en hiermee de kans op niersteenlijden. RYGB verhoogt de incidentie van niersteenlijden, GS doet dit echter niet. Meest waarschijnlijke oorzaak is de grotere metabole ontregeling (enterische hyperoxalurie) die plaatsvindt bij RYGB. Doel van deze studie is antwoord te vinden op de vraag: Is het nuttig om bij patiënten met een niersteenverleden preoperatieve metabole profilering te doen om de juiste bariatrische ingreep te kiezen en zo de kans op nieuwe stenen te verkleinen?
Online group streaming feature selection using entropy-based uncertainty measures for fuzzy neighborhood rough sets
Authors: Xu Jiucheng , Sun Yuanhao , Qu Kanglin , Meng Xiangru , Hou Qinchen
Published: May 2022

Online group streaming feature selection, as an essential online processing method, can deal with dynamic feature selection tasks by considering the original group structure information of the features. Due to the fuzziness and uncertainty of the feature stream, some existing methods are unstable and yield low predictive accuracy. To address these issues, this paper presents a novel online group streaming feature selection method (FNE-OGSFS) using fuzzy neighborhood entropy-based uncertainty measures. First, a separability measure integrating the dependency degree with the coincidence degree is proposed and introduced into the fuzzy neighborhood rough sets model to define a new fuzzy neighborhood entropy. Second, inspired by both algebra and information views, some fuzzy neighborhood entropy-based uncertainty measures are investigated and some properties are derived. Furthermore, the optimal features in the group are selected to flow into the feature space according to the significance of features, and the features with interactions are left. Then, all selected features are re-evaluated by the Lasso model to discard the redundant features. Finally, an online group streaming feature selection algorithm is designed. Experimental results compared with eight representative methods on thirteen datasets show that FNE-OGSFS can achieve better comprehensive performance.
Darwinian Grandparenting Redux: a Pre-registered Replication and Extension
Authors: Pearson Samuel , von Hippel William
Published: May 2022

Mothers’ fathers consistently invest more in their grandchildren than fathers’ mothers. This pattern was explained by Laham et al. in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 31(1), 63-72. (2005) via the preferential investment hypothesis—the idea that fathers’ mothers invest less in grandchildren than mothers’ fathers because the former typically have more certain alternate investment outlets available. In two studies of prolific workers (combined N = 4086), we first failed to replicate the findings of Laham et al. and then successfully replicated them. In the combined sample, mothers’ fathers received more positive ratings than fathers’ mothers when participants had cousins through fathers’ sisters, but this difference between grandparents disappeared when participants did not have cousins through fathers’ sisters. We also found that people spent more time with their maternal and paternal grandparents to the degree that they were not maternal grandparents to someone else, which mediated the closer feelings.
Call Me Daddy: How Long-term Desirability Is Influenced by Intention for Fatherhood
Authors: Anderson Ryan C. , Surbey Michele K.
Published: May 2022

One of the most important decisions an individual can make involves investing in a mating relationship. For women, the process of mate selection can be time-intensive and fraught with costs and dangers. However, these risks can be minimised by attending to relevant social information and modelling the mate choices of others. The propensity of imitating another’s mate choices is referred to as mate copying. Most research has focused on this behaviour in non-humans, but evidence of its existence in humans is emerging. The current study sought to determine conditions that modify a man’s desirability. The present study examined 267 women’s evaluations of men depicted in silhouetted images who varied in terms of their intentions for fatherhood and relationship history. Results showed that a man’s desirability as a long term mate was enhanced if he wished to become a father, and/or if he had a previous relationship experience, indicating he had been formerly chosen or preferred. These findings add to the existing body of knowledge on mate copying and attention to social information by demonstrating how women incorporate social learning and innate evolutionary predispositions to facilitate decision-making and behaviour relating to mate selection.
Automatic location and semantic labeling of landmarks on 3D human body models
Authors: Luo Shan , Zhang Qitong , Feng Jieqing
Published: May 2022

Landmarks on human body models are of great significance for applications such as digital anthropometry and clothing design. The diversity of pose and shape of human body models and the semantic gap make landmarking a challenging problem. In this paper, a learning-based method is proposed to locate landmarks on human body models by analyzing the relationship between geometric descriptors and semantic labels of landmarks. A shape alignment algorithm is proposed to align human body models to break symmetric ambiguity. A symmetry-aware descriptor is proposed based on the structure of the human body models, which is robust to both pose and shape variations in human body models. An AdaBoost regression algorithm is adopted to establish the correspondence between several descriptors and semantic labels of the landmarks. Quantitative and qualitative analyses and comparisons show that the proposed method can obtain more accurate landmarks and distinguish symmetrical landmarks semantically. Additionally, a dataset of landmarked human body models is also provided, containing 271 human body models collected from current human body datasets; each model has 17 landmarks labeled manually.
A comparison of the spatial heterogeneities of surface fluxes simulated by INLAND model with observations at a valley and a nearby plateau stations in Central Amazon Forest
Authors: Broedel Elisângela , von Randow Celso , Cuartas Luz Adriana , Satyamurty Prakki , de Araújo Alessandro Carioca , Cândido Luiz Antônio , Tomasella Javier , Nobre Antônio Donato , Tourigny Etienne
Published: May 2022

An improved version of the Integrated Land Surface Model (INLAND), incorporating the physical, ecological and hydrological parameters and processes pertaining to two subclasses of tropical forest in the central Amazon basin, a poorly drained flat plateau and a well-drained adjacent broad valley, is used to simulate the hydrological, energy and CO2fluxes. The model is forced with observed meteorological data. The experimental output data from the model runs are compared with observational data at the two locations. The seasonal variabilities of water table depth at the valley site and the soil moisture at the plateau site are satisfactorily simulated. The two locations exhibit large differences in energy, carbon and water fluxes, both in the simulations and in the observations. Results validate the INLAND model and indicate the need for incorporating sub-grid scale variability in the relief, soil type and vegetation type attributes to improve the representation of the Amazonian ecosystems in land-surface models.
Psychometric Properties of the Danish Version of the Questionnaire Professionals’ Attitudes towards Addressing Sexual Health (PA-SH-D)
Authors: Elnegaard Caroline M. , Christensen Jan , Thuesen Jette , Areskoug-Josefsson Kristina , Gerbild Helle N.
Published: May 2022

Background

Health professionals’ attitudes towards addressing sexual health are important to promote patients’ sexual health. Therefore, measurement of health professionals’ attitudes towards addressing sexual health is essential.

Aim

This study aimed to adapt the questionnaire Students’ Attitudes towards Addressing Sexual Health (SA-SH-D) to health professionals working with rehabilitation in Danish municipalities and evaluated psychometric properties of the adapted questionnaire: The Danish Version of the Professionals’ Attitudes towards Addressing Sexual Health (PA-SH-D).

Methods

The SA-SH-D was adapted to PA-SH-D and a face validity evaluation focusing on phrasing, functionality, perception and relevance was done. In a pilot study, the PA-SH-D was answered by health professionals and internal consistency reliability and floor and ceiling effects were evaluated.

Outcomes

Face validity included phrasing, functionality, perception and relevance of the items in PA-SH-D, internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha in the total scale and floor and ceiling effects.

Results

Face validity of the PA-SH-D was acceptable. The sample size was 52 health professionals working with rehabilitation, the internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.89 [lower confidence interval {CI}: 0.85]) and floor and ceiling effects (0.0%–13.7%) of the PA-SH-D were acceptable.

Clinical translation

As sexual health is important in human quality of life, the validation of the PA-SH-D is highly valuable as it evaluates health professionals’ attitudes towards addressing sexual health, and thereby is able to measure the need for education and training in sexual health and detect changes in attitudes following an educational intervention.

Strengths and limitations

Strengths were that the PA-SH-D measures both attitudes and competences and covered a need in clinical practice. The recruitment was broad and we used the work of others to orient this work. Limitations were that this study covered a preliminary psychometric evaluation and a thorough evaluation covering other aspects of psychometry should be done. We used both paper-based and online-based survey which possibly could cause bias. The study had a relatively small sample size. Comparing health professionals to students can be seen as both a limitation and a strength.

Conclusion

The results in face validity and internal consistency reliability indicate usefulness of the PA-SH-D to measure health professionals’ attitudes towards addressing sexual health. Further evaluation of psychometric properties of the PA-SH-D is recommended.
Down the Rabbit Hole: Comment on Sundstrom and Walker (2021)
Authors: Francis Julie , Loendorf Lawrence L. , Kornfeld Marcel , Larson Mary Lou , Adovasio James M.
Published: May 2022

The Sheep Mountain juniper bark net, originally thought to be of Paleoindian age, was redated by Sundstrom and Walker (2021) to the Late Prehistoric period. Although the original investigators convincingly argued that the net was intended for use with mountain sheep or deer, Sundstrom and Walker suggest it was used to trap small game such as rabbits or sage grouse. Unfortunately, the authors ignore important information presented by the original investigators and misrepresent the archaeological record of the immediate area. The Sheep Mountain net is still best interpreted as designed for use to trap mountain sheep and deer.
Where's the Mutton?
Authors: Sundstrom Linea , Walker Danny N.
Published: May 2022

Francis et alia (2022) propose that the Sheep Mountain net (48PA1022) was used for large game; however, they present no data to support this proposed function. The size and configuration of the net fall within the range for rabbit nets recorded elsewhere.
Characteristics of antibiotic exposures for surgical procedures prior to Clostridioides difficile diagnosis—Minnesota, 2018
Authors: D’Heilly Paige , Beaudoin Amanda , Melin Davis , Holzbauer Stacy
Published: May 2022

Background:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. Significant risk factors for CDI include antibiotic use and healthcare exposure. Antibiotics are often administered before, during and/or after surgery to prevent postsurgical infection. The contribution of surgery-related antibiotics to the overall CDI burden has not been well described, and assessment of the appropriateness of surgical antibiotic use is complicated by complex clinical guidelines. We have described surgical antibiotic prophylaxis history among adult with CDI in Minnesota in 2018. Method: The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) performs 5-county active population- and laboratory-based CDI surveillance as a CDC Emerging Infections Program site. Incident CDI was defined as stool positive for C. difficile by toxin or molecular assay from a person aged ≥18 years with no positive test in the preceding 8 weeks. History of CDI was defined as having had a previous CDI episode in the 2009–2018 surveillance data set. Medical records were reviewed for 12 weeks prior to incident CDI test date to identify antibiotic prescriptions. Antibiotics with documented indication for surgical-site infection prevention or surgical prophylaxis were classified as “surgical antibiotic prophylaxis” (SPPX). SPPX type (eg, intraoperative, postoperative), appropriateness of SPPX, and clinical guideline adherence were not assessed. Results: During 2018, 812 incident CDIs were reported to MDH among 736 patients. SPPX preceded 84 (10.3%) cases, non-SPPX antibiotic use preceded 465 cases (57.3%), and 263 cases (32.4%) had no documented prior antibiotic use. The median age of incident CDIs with preceding SPPX was 68 years (IQR, 54–79.5). In 25 incident CDI cases with preceding SPPX (29.8%), there were no other antibiotic exposures. Among incident CDIs with preceding SPPX, 11 (13.1%) had >1 surgery event with SPPX. Prior CDI was identified for 13 (15.7%) with SPPX. Among 99 procedures with preceding SPPX, orthopedic surgeries (n = 27, 27.3%), gastrointestinal surgeries (n = 26, 26.3%), and cardiovascular surgeries (n = 22, 22.2%) were most common. In total 18 SPPX prescriptions (18.2%) originated in outpatient settings. SPPX drugs included cefazolin (n = 67, 67.7%), ceftriaxone (n = 7, 7.1%), ertapenem (n = 6, 6.1%), and clindamycin (n = 6, 6.1%). Median SPPX duration was 1 day (IQR, 1–2), and the median number days between surgery and specimen collection date was 19 (IQR, 7–49). Conclusions: Antibiotic stewardship programs should assess surgical prescribing, including in outpatient centers. Even short antibiotic duration for surgery could put patients at risk for CDI. More data are needed to evaluate the appropriateness of SPPX prescribing and to describe the impact of SPPX on CDI.

Funding: None

Disclosures: None