bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of interferon-alpha-containing drugs on innate immunity reactions and population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Kazimirskii A. N. , Salmasi J. M. , Kukes I. V. , Poryadin G. V. , Semenova L. Y. , Panina M. I.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Interferon-containing drugs are frequently used, but their effect on the innate immune cells response and adaptive immunity parameters is not well known.

Aim. To investigate the effect of interferon-alpha-containing drugs on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps, the population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes in cell culture conditions.

Materials and methods. We used peripheral blood from 12 healthy donors and 6 patients with acute inflammation, which was used as a neutrophil and lymphocyte source. Neutrophil extracellular traps were induced by two methods: either spontaneously, without stimulation, or by lipopolysaccharides.

Results and discussions. The investigation of innate immunity responses showed that neutrophils from healthy donors demonstrated a slight spontaneous production of neutrophil extracellular traps during incubation (4 h). The significant NET increase was observed after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides up to 31.59 ± 2.32% after 2-hour incubation period, and up to 42.93 ± 3.56% after 4-hour incubation period. Viferon does not have a significant effect on the number of neutrophilic extracellular traps, but significantly increases their size. Kipferon limits the excessive production of neutrophil extracellular traps, reducing the number of these structures, and also significantly reduces their size and changes their morphology. Ergoferon causes not only a rapid increase in the number of neutrophilic extracellular traps, but also significantly changes their morphology. The extremely long DNA fibers that go beyond the scope of view are observed when exposed to Ergoferon. Kipferon stimulates the production of several morphological forms of neutrophilic extracellular traps at once.

Conclusion. The development of innate immune responses is mainly maintained by Viferon and Kipferon. At the same time, Kipferon restrains the intensity of the inflammatory reaction and increases the number of active NK cells. The conducted multilevel study allow researchers to identify new properties and mechanisms of action of administered pharmacological products containing interferon-α, which confirm the effective stimulation of individual components of the immune system due to their action.
Prevalence of peritonsillar abscesses in children of the Tyumen region
Authors: Kuznetsova N. E. , Veshkurtseva I. M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a suppuration of the peritonsillar fiber, which is more often a complication of acute tonsillitis, requires urgent medical care. Issues of diagnosis and treatment of PTA are one of the urgent problems of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. The main peak of the incidence occurs in adolescence, which is associated with a change in the immunobiological properties of the body at this age. In children under 3 years of age, the disease is extremely rare, but the increase in the number of PTA in children from 4.2 to 12.1% and the development of peritonsillitis in children under 3 years of age are alarming about the severity of post-streptococcal complications. Timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PTA are essential to prevent potential serious complications.

Aim. To study the prevalence of PTA in children, to analyze the results of prevention with a herbal preparation.

Materials and methods. A sample of medical histories of 19,017 people hospitalized in the children’s ENT department of Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 (Tyumen) was carried out, the prevalence of PTA and other diseases of the pharynx was studied. The duration of prospective observation of patients was 10 years (2009–2019). Clinical data such as sore throat, enlargement of the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes, fever, dysphagia, nasality of the voice, trismus of the masticatory muscles were analyzed. Gender, age characteristics, data on relapse were evaluated. All patients with PTA were opened and drained of the purulent cavity with the appointment of antibacterial therapy and the herbal preparation in the postoperative period.

Results. The highest incidence of PTA is observed in children of middle and high school age, more often girls are sick – 52% of cases. A more rapid relief of the main symptoms and relapses of PTA was recorded in the group of children who received the herbal preparation as a prophylaxis.

Conclusions. The prevalence of PTA in childhood does not tend to decrease. Prophylactic use of the herbal preparation in the postoperative period contributes to a more rapid relief of the main symptoms of PTA and prevention of recurrence of the disease.
A contemporary view of the problem of destructive pneumonia in children
Authors: Tolstova E. M. , Zaytseva O. V. , Besedina M. V. , Khaspekov D. V. , Belyaeva T. Yu.
Published: March 2023

The problem of community-acquired pneumonia in children remains relevant at the present time. Complicated forms, which include pleural empyema, abscess, necrotizing pneumonia, bronchopleural fistulas and acute respiratory distress syndrome do not decrease, despite modern antibacterial therapy and the availability of vaccination against pneumococcus. The main pathogens associated with lung destruction in children are S. pneumoniae and S. aureus, often MRSA. The role of other pathogens in necrotizing pneumonia is much less frequently reported: Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, anaerobes. However not only pathogenic factors of the pathogen are important for necrotizing pneumonia development. Often, a viral prodrome, often associated with the influenza A (H1N1) virus, precedes complicated pneumonia. During the epidemic of COVID-19, endothelial damage with a high degree of probability was a predisposing factor for the development of a secondary bacterial infection with lung tissue necrosis. Significant destruction and liquefaction of the lung tissue may develop despite adequate antibiotic therapy. Great importance in the development of necrosis is attached to the activation of hemostasis and thrombus formation in the vessels of the lungs. Timely diagnosis often is difficult due to the predominance of general symptoms over local ones, especially in young children. Chest x-ray is the standard for diagnosing. However, the diagnostic capabilities of this method in necrotizing pneumonia are limited. To assess a number of parameters of the state of the pleural cavity and lung tissue, ultrasound is preferred. It is necessary to analyze the current features of the course of necrotizing pneumonia in children and develop clinical guidelines for the management of patients in the acute period and rehabilitation.
Vitamin A and D deficiencies in the prognosis of respiratory tract infections: A systematic review with perspectives for COVID-19 and a critical analysis on supplementation
Authors: Santos Thayná Menezes , Andrade Maria Izabel Siqueira , De Macêdo Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti , Oliveira Tafnes Pereira , Lima Niedja Silva , Ribeiro Isabella Costa
Published: March 2023

Considering the rapid spread of COVID-19, the scientific community has been looking for ways to recognize factors that may interfere with the outcome of viral infection. Despite the lack of studies with the new coronavirus, it is known that adequate serum levels of micronutrients are essential for the organic response to infectious diseases. Thus, we aim to review the effects of vitamin A, D, iron, zinc, or folate deficiency on the prognosis of patients with respiratory infections with manifestations similar to COVID-19 and discuss about supplementation of the nutrients analyzed in this review. The search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO, including observational studies published between 2010-2020, with results for individuals with respiratory tract infections with manifestations similar to COVID-19. Six articles met the inclusion criteria, all of which were related to deficiencies of vitamins A and D. In general, vitamin A deficiency was associated with cough, fever, and greater total respiratory resistance. Regarding vitamin D, the lack of this nutrient led to higher rates of ICU admission, the need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Evidence linking specific relationships between nutritional deficiencies and COVID-19 remain lacking due to the small number of studies and heterogeneities in population subgroups. In conclusion, deficiencies of vitamins A and D seem to negatively affect the prognosis of respiratory tract infections. Supplementation of these nutrients for prevention or treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should respect serum levels, nutritional status and housing conditions (e.g.,endemic location) of individuals.
Disclosure: A transparência hospitalar ante o paciente e familiar como um paradigma
Authors: Margutti Pietra , De Paula Rosa Maria Zorzan , Gollin Elisangela do Nascimento , Pich Paulo César
Published: March 2023

Este estudo objetiva compreender qual o significado do disclosure para o paciente e seus familiares após recebê-lo e o que envolve seu estabelecimento no ambiente hospitalar. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. A população foi constituída por pacientes e seus familiares – receberam o disclosure – e por profissionais da saúde (enfermeiros e médico) – realizaram o disclosure –, em um período de dois anos antes da coleta dos dados. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e com questões abertas. Os resultados evidenciam que é importante, pois demonstra a transparência do hospital com os mesmos e a busca por uma melhor qualidade na assistência. Para os profissionais da saúde, no início da realização do disclosure houve resistência por alguns, além da insegurança devido à falta de treinamento. Sinalizam que após o treinamento e conhecimento correto do funcionamento do disclosure, sua execução ocorreu adequadamente dentro do processo de segurança do paciente, tornando-se prática rotineira ante a eventos adversos moderados, graves e fatais. Para concluir, pode-se observar a relevância do disclosure, pois promove a transparência entre profissionais, pacientes e familiares, traz melhorias na qualidade da assistência em saúde e incentiva a notificação por parte dos profissionais, pois aborda a cultura justa de responsabilização.
Palavras-chave: revelação da verdade; eventos adversos; segurança do paciente.
Physicochemical Properties of Superabsorbent Hydrogels Formed by Polyelectrolytic Complexation of Carboxymethylcellulose-Chitosan at Basic pH
Authors: da Silva Gustavo , Ferreira Ivana , Costa Marcia , Rocha Rafael
Published: March 2023

High water consumption during irrigation is one of the main problems in agriculture. The preparation of a material that prolongs the water retention capacity of the soil is important. This article aimed to prepare superabsorbent hydrogels by the complexation of chitosan (CHI), with high degree of deacetylation (DD), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), with high degree of substitution (SD). Different parameters (concentration and polymeric solutions addition order, polysaccharides’ ratio, pH) were studied. Morphology, thermal stability, chemical composition, mechanical strength, and swelling kinetics of hydrogels in water were evaluated. A hydrogel formation mechanism was discussed and proposed. Results showed that most samples prepared at acid pH disintegrated during swelling test. The morphology of the hydrogels varied with the pH. It was obtained superabsorbent hydrogels (swelling > 400%) based on CMC (SD = 2.23) and CHI (DD = 92%), at basic pH, with good compression strength, and applicable as soil conditioner. The best sample was the one prepared with CMC:CHI = 1:2, polymeric solutions 1.5% m/v and pH 8.
Ursolic Acid Derivatives Down Regulate Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Scherrer Elaine , Valadares Ydia , Alves Caio , Carli Alessandra , Fernandes Bárbara , Carvalho Paloma , Ramos Karla , Salvador Maiara , da Silva Jeferson , Silva Fernando , Denadai Ângelo , Castro Sandra
Published: March 2023

Ursolic acid (UA) is being investigated due to its anti-inflammatory potential, and structural modifications can enhance its biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the ursolic acid derivatives (UAD) in macrophages and in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of UA or UAD (1-18). Nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and cellular viability were measured. 30 min before the carrageenan-induced paw edema, the UAD1 and UAD2 (200 mg kg-1) were administered intraperitoneally. The results showed that UAD2-4, UAD7, UAD9-11 had half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) greater than 90 µM and were able to reduce NO, NF-κB and TNF production. Moreover, UAD1 and UAD2 reduced paw edema and IL-6 production. In conclusion, the results obtained demonstrated a variation in the response between the derivatives due to the chemical modifications, showing potential to reduce the inflammatory mediators, deserving further investigations.
Caracterización bioestratigráfica mediante foraminíferos planctónicos de los términos basales del Flysch Calcáreo (Cretácico Superior) entre Andoain e Irun (Pirineos occidentales)
Authors: Bodego Arantxa , Ladron de Guevara Martin , Iriarte Eneko
Published: March 2023

Las dataciones propuestas por diversos autores para la base de los depósitos del Flysch Calcáreo del Cretácico Superior, que afloran en el margen NW del macizo paleozoico de Bortziriak (margen NE de la Cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica) presentan diferencias, por lo que se ha procedido a realizar un estudio bioestratigráfico en detalle de estos sedimentos. Los resultados del análisis bioestratigráfico basado en el estudio de foraminíferos planctónicos, arrojan una edad diacrónica para su base. Por una parte, se constata la existencia de un hiato general que abarca desde el Cenomaniense inferior hasta el Turoniense superior y que alcanza el Campaniense superior en el anticlinal de Txoritokieta, reflejo de un paleoalto submarino que no fue cubierto completamente por lo menos hasta esa edad. Por otro lado, materiales de resedimentación, brechas, de edad Turoniense superior-Coniaciense indican procesos erosivos de unidades estratigráficas subyacentes, que localmente pueden ampliar el hiato general del área. La existencia de calizas someras de edad Cenomaniense medio-superior en la zona de Fagollaga, citada por varios autores, sugeriría la sedimentación y posterior erosión de materiales de plataformas someras cenomanienses durante la sedimentación del Flysch Calcáreo. Finalmente, este estudio constata una transgresión marina durante el Cretácico Superior, que inundó y cubrió de materiales marinos relativamente profundos el macizo paleozoico de Bortziriak.
Distribution of the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi in the southern Pyrenees
Authors: Villanúa Diego , Elósegi Miguel Mari , Campión David
Published: March 2023

We have compiled the information available for the White-Backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi) on the south-facing slopes of the Pyrenees since its detection in 1968 until 2016 and we have added the results of specific censuses carried out between 2017 and 2021 and the results of the GPS marking of reproductive specimens, both within the known range, as in other beech forests beyond its borders. An expansion towards the West and North has been verified. The nests are always located in F. sylvatica, except in the extreme western territories where they use Q. rubra too. The breeders in the traditional range are always individuals of more than two years old (euring 6), although a number of breeding juveniles have appeared in the extreme west (euring 5). Beech occupies more than 70% of the surface of all the territories, but this percentage is significantly lower in the newly detected territories than in those within the traditional distribution area. These latest results suggest that the expansion process is relatively recent and that it may still be in progress. The role of forest management in efforts to enable the expansion of this species to other beech forests in which it has not yet been detected is discussed.
Oxocarbon Acids and their Derivatives in Biological and Medicinal
Chemistry
Authors: Ratto Amanda , Honek John F.
Published: March 2023

The biological and medicinal chemistry of the oxocarbon acids 2,3-dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one (deltic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (squaric acid), 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione (croconic acid), 5,6-dihydroxycyclohex-5-ene-1,2,3,4-tetrone (rhodizonic acid) and their derivatives is reviewed and their key chemical properties and reactions are discussed. Applications of these compounds as potential bioisosteres in biological and medicinal chemistry are examined. Reviewed areas include cell imaging, bioconjugation reactions, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, and receptor pharmacology.
BAAE-AgNPs Improve Symptoms of Diabetes in STZ-induced Diabetic
Rats
Authors: Mosaad Yasser Omar , Hussein Mohammed Abdalla , Ateyya Hayam , Hassan Soha Ahmed , Wink Michael , Gobba Naglaa Abd El Khalik , Mohamed Zahraa Nassar
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

Nanoparticles can be employed to improve the therapeutic activity of natural
products. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious health condition that has spread like a "modern
pandemic" worldwide. In the present study, we developed silver nanoparticles, Ag-NPs, with an
aqueous extract from Balanites aegyptiaca to investigate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

Aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds (BAAE) were used in the synthesis of
BAAE-AgNPs, which were characterized using FTIR and TEM. Different doses of BAAE-AgNP
(1/50 LD50; 29.4 mg/kg b.w. and 1/20 LD50: 73.5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered to STZ-induced
diabetic rats to evaluate their potential antidiabetic activity.

Results:

FTIR spectral data indicated the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in BAAEAgNPs.
The size of the BAAE-AgNPs, determined by TEM examination, was 49.33 ± 7.59 nm,
with a zeta potential of +25.37. BAAE-AgNPs were characterized by an LD50 value of 1470
mg/kg b.w. In diabetic rats, the daily oral administration of both doses of BAAE-AgNPs (29.4 and
73.5 mg/kg b.w.) for 12 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in body weight, insulin homeostasis,
HbA1c, HDL-C, MDA, and pancreatic SOD, CAT, and GSH. They reduced plasma
glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. This treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in
pancreatic IL-6, p53, and TNF-α in diabetic rats. Furthermore, BAAE-AgNPs down-regulated
pancreatic TGF-β1 and Akt gene expression in diabetic rats and resulted in a significant decrease
in the regulation of hepatic GLUT-2, as well as an increase in the regulation of hepatic GK and
pancreatic B-cl2 gene expression. The histopathological results obtained indicated that BAAEAgNPs
improved pancreatic tissue metabolism by enhancing antioxidant enzymes, suppressing
inflammatory cytokines, and scavenging free radicals.

Conclusion:

The findings implied that similar to the glibenclamide-treated groups, in the BAAEAgNPs
treated group, the compromised antioxidant status normalized in STZ-induced diabetes. By
scavenging free radicals, BAAE-Ag-NPs protected against lipid peroxidation while reducing the
risk of complications from diabetes. Compared to the daily dose of 29.4 mg, the impact was more
prominent at 73.5 mg.
Nanoparticle Delivery of Active Traditional Chinese Medicine Ingredients:
A New Strategy for the Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Wang Miaodong , Peng Peichun , Chen Zeshan , Deng Xin
Published: March 2023

The precise treatment of liver cancer is receiving much research attention. Surgery,
chemoradiotherapy, and other methods remain the mainstream of this treatment, but many chemotherapeutic
drugs used to treat advanced liver cancer cause adverse reactions and have unstable
efficiencies. Active ingredients used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been examined
widely in anti-cancer research due to their advantages of multi-pathway targeting and rich pharmacological
effects. However, these active components have poor water solubility, bioavailability,
and targeting efficiency. Nanomedicine has been applied to improve the efficacy of TCM ingredients
in the treatment of liver cancer. Nanoparticles (NPs) show great potential in this context due
to their excellent bioavailability, high controlled agent release efficiency, and clear targeting. This
paper reviews the application of NPs loaded with active TCM ingredients in the treatment of liver
cancer, with the aim of facilitating new vector development and improving the precision treatment
of liver cancer.
Diagnostic Value of Chest X-Ray in Febrile Patients without Localizing Signs or
Symptoms at the Emergency Department
Authors: Pereverzeva Liza , Jonker Charlotte A.L. , de Stoppelaar Sacha F. , de Heer Koen
Published: March 2023

Background:

The chest X-ray (CXR) remains a widely used examination in the evaluation of patients with fever, to diagnose or rule out pneumonia. Recently, a
study by our group suggested that it has no diagnostic value in patients with fever without respiratory signs and/or symptoms.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to validate the results of our previous study.

Design:

A retrospective study was conducted in two hospitals in the Netherlands.

Patients:

All patients that were referred to the internal medicine emergency department between May 2018 and May 2019 with a suspected infection defined
as fever (temperature ≥38°C) or hypothermia (temperature <36°C) or CRP ≥100μg/mL.

Main Measures:

We defined our primary outcome as the number of newly diagnosed pneumonia by CXR in cases of suspected infection with no obvious site of
infection and nor localizing symptoms or signs.

Key Results:

We included 1052 patients, of which 106 did not have respiratory signs or symptoms. In this group, none of the CXRs (95% CI 0-2.36%) showed
an infiltrate. Combined with our previous study, 176 CXRs were performed in patients with no respiratory signs or symptoms. None (95% CI
0-1.42%) showed an infiltrate.

Conclusion:

Our results confirm that a CXR has no diagnostic value in the workup of fever without localizing signs or symptoms.
Introduction
Authors: Wang Yun
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID FLOW, AND HEAT TRANSFER

Thermodynamics, fluid flow, and heat transfer not only play an important role
in science and engineering but also in everyday life. For example, gasoline
vehicles operate on the Otto cycle, residential air-conditioners are developed
based on the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, steam turbines are the
central unit in traditional power plants, and flow meters and pipe flows are
inherent in both industrial and residential applications.
ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Authors: Wang Yun
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION

In an experiment, one major task is to conduct measurements for collecting
data. A large number of measurement data can be the direct outcome of
experimental work. In general, the more data the better. Statistics is a popular
valuable tool for experimentalists to conduct data analysis and eventually draw
conclusions from data processing. The mean of a data sample is usually used
as the final result for a measurement. The standard deviation of the sample
measures the confidence of the final result and is usually used as additional
information. In addition, each measurement needs to be independent so that
the data set is equally weighed. Statistics may be used in experimental design
and plan. Indeed, before conducting an experiment, several aspects need to be
considered in preparation, including the selection of apparatus, relevant
mathematical correlations, and uncertainty estimate of the final results.
Selecting the proper apparatus is essential to any experimental work. For
example, temperature measurement requires thermometers. There are several
types of thermometers with various ranges and resolutions. A high-resolution
apparatus is usually expensive and requires training before use. However, low-resolution apparatuses usually lead to a large standard deviation or uncertainty
in the final result. In engineering applications, uncertainty needs to be within
tolerance to avoid component mismatch or design failures. Understanding how
the apparatus’ resolution is related to the measurement error or uncertainty and
how the error or uncertainty propagates to the final value is thus fundamentally
important for experimental design, which will be introduced in this chapter.
HEAT TRANSFER
Authors: Wang Yun
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION

Heat transfer is a subject that deals with the generation, use, conversion, and
exchange of thermal energy between a system and its surroundings. At the
molecular level, we can visualize thermal energy by the motion of particles and
quantify it by the overall kinetic energy of all the particles. Heat transfer can
then be explained as an exchange of the kinetic energy among particles via
collisions or interactions. In a gas, the particles move faster, on average, under
higher temperatures and transfer their kinetic energy to particles at lower
temperatures through collisions. In a solid, the particles vibrate faster under
higher temperatures and transfer their kinetic energy to particles at lower
temperatures through molecular interactions.
WIND TUNNEL
Authors: Wang Yun
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION

Wind tunnels provide controlled air streams to study aerodynamic and fluid
flow phenomena. They are frequently used to replicate the actions of an object
flying or moving in an air stream, such as airplanes or vehicles. Table 7.1 lists
several types of wind tunnels. Most wind tunnels are designed to have a
uniform velocity profile in the test section at a low turbulence level. The testing
object is placed in the test section for flow visualization and quantitative
measurements such as lift and drag forces. To create an air flow, electric fans
are usually used to blow air in or out of the tunnel. In large wind tunnels for
testing real-size airplanes, rockets, or cars, powerful fans are required to
generate a wind speed comparable with real conditions.
Practical Handbook of Thermal Fluid Science
Authors: Wang Yun
Published: March 2023

Practical Handbook of Thermal Fluid Science is an essential guide for engineering students to practical experiments and methods in fluid mechanics. It presents the topic of practical fluid physics in a simple, clear manner by introducing the fundamentals of carrying out experiments and operational analysis of systems that are based on fluid flow. The information enables readers to relate principles in thermal fluid science with the real world operation of important instruments that greatly impact our daily life, such as power generators, air conditioners, refrigerators, engines, flow meters, airplanes, among others.

Key Features:

- A simple organized chapter layout that focuses on fundamental and practical information about thermal fluid science experiments and equipment

- Provides an introduction to essential knowledge for analysis and evaluation of practical systems and major inventions

- Presents information about analysis of operating data for power plant efficiency

- Detailed chapters for studying and testing wind tunnels, sphere heating/cooling, pipe flow, engines, and refrigerators/heat pumps are provided

- Experimental data of Venturi and orifice plate flow meters are provided to show step by step calibration and experimentation.

- Presents information on report preparation

- Includes multiple appendices to consolidate practical information for readers for quick reference.
Ocena działań zawodowych pielęgniarki POZ ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pracy z dziećmi i ich rodzicami
Authors: Piotrowska Anna , Winnicka-Gręźlikowska Violetta
Published: March 2023

Wstęp. Pielęgniarka POZ sprawuje kompleksową opiekę pielęgniarską nad osobą, rodziną i społecznością w środowisku zamieszkania, niezależnie od płci i wieku. Jest ważnym elementem ogniwa terapeutycznego, zwłaszcza w pracy z rodzicami i ich dziećmi, szczególnie w odniesieniu do dzieci przewlekle chorych czy niepełnosprawnych.

Cel. Analiza oceny działań zawodowych pielęgniarki POZ z uwzględnieniem pracy z dziećmi i ich rodzicami.

Materiał i metody. W pracy wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego przy użyciu techniki ankietowania. Narzędziem badawczym służącym do przeprowadzenia badań była ankieta własna uzupełniona o fragmenty zmodyfikowane dla celów pielęgniarstwa pediatrycznego standaryzowanego narzędzia – „Standaryzowany kwestionariusz oceny poziomu zadowolenia rodziców/ opiekunów z opieki pielęgniarskiej” autorstwa Latoura i wsp. Skorzystano z kryterium V kwestionariusza i przypisanych mu dziewiętnastu kryteriów szczegółowych. Analizie badawczej poddano 105 rodziców dzieci.

Wyniki. Według opinii respondentów okazało się, że odpowiedzi pacjentów na pytania dotyczące poziomu satysfakcji rodziców najwyżej ocenione zostało pytanie dotyczące sprawności wykonanych zabiegów przez pielęgniarkę POZ. Zagadnienie najniżej ocenione dotyczyło relacji interpersonalnej personelu medycznego wobec rodziców. Niskie oceny otrzymały również pytania, które poruszyły problematykę elastyczności godzin pracy przychodni, a także dostępności do informacji pisemnej o zasadach funkcjonowania placówki.

Wnioski. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły określić skalę zaangażowania pielęgniarki w pomoc i eliminację obaw rodziców gwarantując przez to wysoką ocenę pracy pielęgniarki. Ankietowani rodzice w 62% zgadzają się z tym, że sprawność wykonywanych zabiegów, profesjonalizm i szacunek wobec ich dziecka gwarantują pozytywną ocenę pracy pielęgniarki POZ.
Działania opiekuńcze i terapeutyczne wobec dziecka z astmą oskrzelową w okresie zaostrzenia choroby
Authors: Sak Paulina
Published: March 2023

Wstęp. Astma oskrzelowa jest przewlekłą, najczęściej występującą choroba układu oddechowego u dzieci. Objawy chorobowe są problemem w codziennym funkcjonowaniu chorego, a proces leczenia jest niełatwy i wiąże się z systematycznym stosowaniem leków. Do zaostrzenia choroby dochodzi, gdy astma jest nieprawidłowo monitorowana. Zaostrzenie powoduje pogorszenie objawów i zagraża życiu chorego.

Cel. Celem pracy jest określenie zadań sprawowanych przez pielęgniarkę w planie opieki wdrażanej wobec pacjenta z astmą oskrzelową.

Prezentacja przypadku. Pacjentem był 5 letni chłopiec, który leczony jest od 3 lat na astmę oskrzelową. Choroba zaostrzyła się, został przyjęty na oddział, aby rozpoznać przyczyny. Pacjent ma potwierdzoną alergię, przed hospitalizacją miał kontakt z alergenami. Z wywiadu i obserwacji wynika, że matka stosowała złe techniki inhalacji i nie posiada odpowiedniej wiedzy na temat choroby. Pacjent jest płaczliwy i niespokojny, jego nastrój spowodowany jest hospitalizacją. Chłopiec zorientowany co do miejsca, czasu i sytuacji w jakie się znajduje. Chłopiec ufny w stosunku do personelu.

Wnioski. Zaostrzenie choroby u pacjenta było spowodowane nieprawidłową kontrolą astmy oskrzelowej i nieadekwatną wiedzą rodziców na temat choroby. Edukacja rodziców i pacjenta została przeprowadzona, zostały dostarczone materiały nt. choroby, dzięki temu wiedza rodziców została uzupełniona. Objawy zaostrzenia choroby takie jak duszność, kaszel po interwencjach pielęgniarskich ustąpiły.  Lęk, niepokój i zaburzenia snu zostały zminimalizowane. Pacjent wymaga dalszej obserwacji i kontroli w poradni. Leki powinny być przyjmowane regularnie, zgodnie ze zleceniem lekarskim.
Een caleidoscopische blik op de middeleeuwse toernooicultuur
Authors: Verwerft Bert
Published: March 2023

Review of Alan V. Murray en Karen Watts, eds, The medieval tournament as spectacle. Tourneys, jousts and pas d’armes, 1100-1600, Royal Armouries Research Series I (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2020, 249 p., ill., index)
Twee prinsen van Oranje
Authors: Bruggeman Marijke
Published: March 2023

Review of: René van Stipriaan, De Zwijger. Het leven van Willem van Oranje (Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Querido Facto, 2021, 944 p., ill., index); and: Ronald de Graaf, Friso. Het tragische leven van Johan Willem Friso 1687-1711 (Amsterdam: Boom, 2021, 351 p., ill., index)
Courtly splendour Fashioning men and women
Authors: Van Dijk Sara
Published: March 2023

Review of: Erin Griffey (ed.), Sartorial politics in early modern Europe. Fashioning women (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019, 336 p., ill., index); and: Timothy McCall, Brilliant bodies. Fashioning courtly men in early Renaissance Italy (Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2022, 221 p., ill., index)
Can Art Save Crypto? Domenico Quaranta’s Surfing with Satoshi: Art, Blockchain and NFTs
Authors: Forcier Kaitlin
Published: March 2023

Review of Domenico Quaranta, Surfing with Satoshi: Art, Blockchain and NFTs. Translated by Anna Carruthers (Ljubljana: Aksioma Institute for Contemporary Art, 2022).
Archiving for Extinction
Authors: Hogan Mél , T. Roberts Sarah
Published: March 2023

Anjali Arondekar, Wendy H. K. Chun, Verne Harris, N. Katherine Hayles, Shannon Mattern, Saidiya Hartman, and Kate Eichhorn, among other scholars of the archives, have questioned the presumption of the archive as complete, whole, legitimate, authoritative, and ultimately in any way “total,” by looking beyond the contents that the physical repository hosts and guards, as well as how, what, and who goes under-, mis- and altogether unrepresented. In their tradition, we find that the contemporary moment provides exemplars of where an archival (re)making is being uncritically taken up, increasingly envisioned, and subsequently reliant upon present-day technological capacities and the technological imaginaries of the future near and far. Under the guise of scientifically vetted global betterment, and drawing on a long legacy of publicly funded innovation that is then recaptured and taken up by private industry, Big Tech takes profit and credit for these particular future-oriented deployments, but takes on little to none of the social, political, and environmental responsibility. In this article we explore specifically what users can do when their abstracted data production or consumption is based not only on deeply flawed science and technology that is pervasive, powerful, and compelling, but also invariably presented as the only solution to climate catastrophe and the end of human existence. The three archival projects explored in this article—ordered by scale—are Alphabet’s “The Selfish Ledger,” Big Tech’s “Genomics in the Cloud,” and Arch Mission’s launch of a “Solar, Earth, Lunar, and Mars Library.” By exploring the sociotechnological imaginaries of Big Tech, we reposition the archive in terms of its legitimation and framing of humanity’s past, present, and future. We demonstrate that the ledger is a political frame, cloud-based genomics is a biological and terrestrial fix, and the space library is a speculative implementation of the total—and final—archive for extinction.
Extending Beyond the Ultimate Display in Image Objects: An Archaeology of Computer Graphics
Authors: Riddle April
Published: March 2023

This essay reviews the book Image Objects: An Archaeology of Computer Graphics by Jacob Gaboury (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2021). In this book, Gaboury ​​explores the materiality of computer graphics by deconstructing rendered images and tracing the history of their development and impact on contemporary computing.
Smellscaping Guiyu
Authors: Zhou Tinghao
Published: March 2023

Once the largest e-waste recycling and processing town in the world, Guiyu, China, was characterized by a pungent, penetrating smell of burning chemicals and plastics, commonly referred to as Guiyu Wei by both locals and officials. Shrouded in the environmental terror of unidentified toxins and chemicals, breathing had become a precarious bodily (re)action that constantly put people’s lives at risk. Taking Guiyu as its center case, this essay documents two “smell walks” in Guiyu conducted by the local community and me, respectively. It presents a prolonged material afterlife of data that is intimately intertwined with the life and livelihood of the local workforce and community and tracks the production of desensitized subjects. How do we represent a particular kind of smell or a specific form of olfactory experience? How can we communicate this message with a larger public that has little knowledge of what life is like within a chemically polluted environment?  This project seeks to think about these questions in artistic terms, conceiving research-creation as an integral methodology. Through the Guiyu-inspired art series, “Synesthesia (unfinished),” I explore various possibilities of olfactory representation and the emergent relationships among smell, the environment, and our sensorium. As the centerpiece of this project, I envision “Smellscaping Guiyu” as an immersive installation that takes visitors beyond their intimate sensory knowledge and immerses them in the unfamiliar olfactory milieu fabricated by chemicals and elements from Guiyu, one of the “shadow places” at the corner of the world.
Monitoring Survival Following Lung Transplantation with Inclusion of Unaccounted Risks
Authors: Afshar Kamyar , Bremer Michelle , Kurup Deepa , Bernales Michael , Schonhoft Elizabeth , Santana Luis , Davila Caro , Schooler Gina , Yung Gordon , Pollema Travis , Golts Eugene
Published: March 2023

Lung transplant (LTx) survival and quality of life have been steadily improving, partially from changes in candidate selection for transplantation. There are well-known high-risk factors that lead to poor LTx outcomes, which may be referred to as ‘accounted’ risks. However, there are also other ‘unaccounted’ risks that are not included in the existing model for expected LTx survival to help programs for resource allocation. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all LTx recipients over the age of 18 at UC San Diego Health between June 2019 and March 2021. Patient’s ‘unaccounted’ risks were identified as low, moderate, or high risk in 4 discrete categories: Medical, Surgical, Psychosocial and Nutritional. The risks were entered into a software tool that calculated an 'unaccounted' risk adjusted observed to expected ratio (O:E), using calculations that mirror the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) risk-calculation methodology at the same six month intervals, termed Program-Specific Report (PSR) cycles. During the study period, 65 patients underwent lung transplantation. Of those, 25 had at least one high ‘unaccounted’ risk. The ‘unaccounted’ risk-adjusted O:E was 1.54 while the observed O:E was 0.46. The ‘unaccounted’ risk O:E is projected to increase to 4.72 while the projected observed O:E is 0.43 after two more PSR cycles. Having knowledge of the ‘at risk’ and identifying patients with ‘unaccounted’ risks for O:E helps LTx programs allocate resources in a more productive fashion to continue to achieve the level of expected outcomes and meet quality standards.
Evaluating Mobile Apps Targeting Older Adults: Descriptive Study
Authors: Sweeney Megan , Barton William , Nebeker Camille
Published: March 2023

Background

Smartphone use has increased dramatically and, in parallel, a market for mobile apps, including health apps, has emerged. The business model of targeted mobile app advertisements allows for the collection of personal and potentially sensitive information, often without user knowledge. Older adults comprise a rapidly growing demographic that is potentially vulnerable to exploitation by those accessing data collected via these apps.

Objective

This research examined apps that claimed to be useful to older adults with a goal of (1) classifying the functionality of each app, (2) identifying whether a privacy policy existed and was accessible, and (3) evaluating evidence that could support claims of value to older adults.

Methods

An environmental scan was conducted using the Google search engine and typing “apps for older adults.” The first 25 sites that this search returned comprised the primary data for this study. Data were organized by descriptive features of purpose (eg, health, finance, and utility), the existence of an electronically accessible privacy policy, price, and evidence supporting each recommended mobile app.

Results

A total of 133 mobile apps were identified and promoted as being the best “apps for older adults.” Of these 133 mobile apps, 83% (n=110) included a privacy policy. Fewer apps designated in the “medical” category included a privacy policy than those classified otherwise.

Conclusions

The results suggest that most mobile apps targeting older adults include a privacy policy. Research is needed to determine whether these privacy policies are readable, succinct, and incorporate accessible data use and sharing practices to mitigate potential risks, particularly when collecting potentially sensitive health information.
Economic Evaluations of Digital Health Interventions for the Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fatoye Francis , Gebrye Tadesse , Mbada Chidozie , Useh Ushotanefe
Published: March 2023

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread in many countries and their huge burden on the society has necessitated innovative approaches such as digital health interventions. However, no study has evaluated the findings of cost-effectiveness of these interventions.

Objective

This study aims to synthesize the cost-effectiveness of digital health interventions for people with MSDs.

Methods

Electronic databases including MEDLINE, AMED, CIHAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Centre for Review and Dissemination were searched for cost-effectiveness of digital health published between inception and June 2022 following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. References of all retrieved articles were checked for relevant studies. Quality appraisal of the included studies was performed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. Results were presented using a narrative synthesis and random effects meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 10 studies from 6 countries met the inclusion criteria. Using the QHES instrument, we found that the mean score of the overall quality of the included studies was 82.5. Included studies were on nonspecific chronic low back pain (n=4), chronic pain (n=2), knee and hip osteoarthritis (n=3), and fibromyalgia (n=1). The economic perspectives adopted in the included studies were societal (n=4), societal and health care (n=3), and health care (n=3). Of the 10 included studies, 5 (50%) used quality-adjusted life-years as the outcome measures. Except 1 study, all the included studies reported that digital health interventions were cost-effective compared with the control group. In a random effects meta-analysis (n=2), the pooled disability and quality-adjusted life-years were –0.176 (95% CI –0.317 to –0.035; P=.01) and 3.855 (95% CI 2.023 to 5.687; P<.001), respectively. The meta-analysis (n=2) for the costs was in favor of the digital health intervention compared with control: US $417.52 (95% CI –522.01 to –313.03).

Conclusions

Studies indicate that digital health interventions are cost-effective for people with MSDs. Our findings suggest that digital health intervention could help improve access to treatment for patients with MSDs and as a result improve their health outcomes. Clinicians and policy makers should consider the use of these interventions for patients with MSDs.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021253221; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=253221
Similar Outcomes of Web-Based and Face-to-Face Training of the GRADE Approach for the Certainty of Evidence: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tokalić Ružica , Poklepović Peričić Tina , Marušić Ana
Published: March 2023

Background

The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach is a system for transparent evaluation of the certainty of evidence used in clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews. GRADE is a key part of evidence-based medicine (EBM) training of health care professionals.

Objective

This study aimed to compare web-based and face-to-face methods of teaching the GRADE approach for evidence assessment.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 2 delivery modes of GRADE education integrated into a course on research methodology and EBM with third-year medical students. Education was based on the Cochrane Interactive Learning “Interpreting the findings” module, which had a duration of 90 minutes. The web-based group received the web-based asynchronous training, whereas the face-to-face group had an in-person seminar with a lecturer. The main outcome measure was the score on a 5-question test that assessed confidence interval interpretation and overall certainty of evidence, among others. Secondary outcomes included writing a recommendation for practice and course satisfaction.

Results

In all, 50 participants received the web-based intervention, and 47 participants received the face-to-face intervention. The groups did not differ in the overall scores for the Cochrane Interactive Learning test, with a median of 2 (95% CI 1.0-2.0) correct answers for the web-based group and 2 (95% CI 1.3-3.0) correct answers for the face-to-face group. Both groups gave the most correct answers to the question about rating a body of evidence (35/50, 70% and 24/47, 51% for the web-based and face-to-face group, respectively). The face-to-face group better answered the question about the overall certainty of evidence question. The understanding of the Summary of Findings table did not differ significantly between the groups, with a median of 3 correct answers to 4 questions for both groups (P=.352). The writing style for the recommendations for practice also did not differ between the 2 groups. Students’ recommendations mostly reflected the strengths of the recommendations and focused on the target population, but they used passive words and rarely mentioned the setting for the recommendation. The language of the recommendations was mostly patient centered. Course satisfaction was high in both groups.

Conclusions

Training in the GRADE approach could be equally effective when delivered asynchronously on the web or face-to-face.

Trial Registration

Open Science Framework akpq7; https://osf.io/akpq7/
Neck Collar Assessment for People Living With Motor Neuron Disease: Are Current Outcome Measures Suitable? (Preprint)
Authors: Spears Samuel D J , Abdulle Yusuf F , Korovilas Dionisios , Torii Ryo , Kalaskar Deepak M , Sharma Nikhil
Published: March 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

A majority of people living with motor neuron disease (MND) experience weakness of the neck and as a result, experience head drop. This exacerbates problems with everyday activities (eating, talking, breathing, etc). Neck collars are often used to support head drop; however, these are typically designed for prehospitalization settings to manage and brace the cervical region of the spine. As a result, it has been recorded that people living with MND often reject these collars for a variety of reasons but most notably because they are too restricting. The current standardized outcome measures (most notably restricting cervical range of motion) used for neck collars are summarized herein along with whether they are suitable for a bespoke neck collar specifically designed for people living with MND.