bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing challenges of clinical education in a baccalaureate nursing program in Ghana
Authors: Asirifi Mary , Ogilvie Linda , Barton Sylvia , Aniteye Patience , Stobart Kent , Bilash Olenka , Eliason Cecilia , Ansong Gloria , Aziato Lydia , Kwashie Atswei
Published: May 2017

Background: A 2010 study of preceptorship as a clinical teaching model in Ghana revealed weaknesses related to high student-preceptor ratios and inadequate support from faculty in the educational institution. A four-cycle community-based participatory action research study was designed to further delineate clinical teaching and learning issues and partner with Ghanaian stakeholders in critical analysis of possibilities for positive change in clinical nursing education. The purpose of this paper, taken from Cycle One of the study, is to provide understanding of the challenges of the current clinical teaching model(s) used in the study institution from the perspectives of students and faculty. Early engagement of external stakeholders is described.Methods: Each university target group was invited to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with representatives from the Ministry of Health, the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana, and the Ghana Registered Nurses’ and Midwives’ Association. Clinical documents were examined.Results: Clinical teaching and learning issues identified included the need for: a) more effective clinical teaching and supervision; b) adequate equipment for practice; c) meaningful evaluation of performance; d) enhanced collaboration between the school and clinical settings; and, e) reduced travel time to clinical opportunities. External stakeholders became aware and supportive of the research endeavour.Conclusions: Participants acknowledged changes are needed in order to improve clinical nursing education in Ghana. Clinical teaching and learning issues were identified and formed a baseline from which more in-depth discussion of resources, constraints and possibilities for change could ensue in subsequent cycles of the study.
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF AG-BEARING MINERALS OCCURRING IN COPPER ORE DEPOSIT AT THE FORE-SUDETIC MONOCLINE
Authors: KOZUB-BUDZYŃ Gabriela A. , PIESTRZYŃSKI Adam
Published: May 2017

Silver is the most important associated element in the copper ore deposit of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. Besides its own minerals, such as native silver, amalgams, stromeyerite, mackinstryite, jalpaite and Cu-Fe-Ag system sulphides, the silver occurs as isomorphic substitutions in copper minerals. The aim of this work included geochemical characterization of Ag-bearing minerals and correlation of the occurrence of Ag-enriched Cu sulphides with the areas of native silver and amalgam mineralization. Distribution of silver in the ore deposit distinctly correlates with Cu concentrations, and the areas of the strongest Cu mineralization are accompanied by high silver concentrations. Results of the scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis indicate that the Cu sulphides contain up to several wt.% Ag as isomorphic substitutions. Distribution of Ag in Cu sulfides does not show regularity, as demonstrated by wide diversity of Ag contents in various minerals, ranging from 0.0X to dozen wt.% Ag.
ALTERED RHYTHMIC SULPHIDE BANDS IN THE WEISSLIEGEND SANDSTONE IN THE RUDNA MINE (FORE-SUDETIC MONOCLINE, POLAND)
Authors: Radliński Marek , Sawłowicz Zbigniew
Published: May 2017

Two cross sections of Weissliegend sandstones from the Rudna Mine, containing copper sulphide rhythmic banding, were studied. Analyses were performed using optical polarizing (PLM) and scanning electron (SEM-EDS) microscopy and XRD. Rhythmites have different sulphide compositions and undergone different alterations. In cross section RZA rhythmites are composed of copper sulphides, mainly digenite, and strongly altered to covellite and atacamite by secondary processes. Primary rhythmites were probably formed via reaction between hydrogen sulphide from the overlying shale and copper-bearing solutions in the sandstone. Extensive weathering and mining waters were probably resposible for atacamite formation, although other possibillities are also considered. In cross section RGM rhythmites are composed of Cu–Fe sulphides (bornite and chalcopyrite) and pyrite. This distinct mineralogy may result from a reaction of hydrogen sulphide from the overlying shale with copper- and iron-bearing solutions. Dissolution of pyrite or iron monosulphides present in the sandstone could enrich the solutions in iron. Primary ore mineralization was overlapped by a secondary mineralization of slightly different composition.
DEEP COPPER AND SILVER DEPOSITS – A CHANCE FOR POLISH METAL MINING INDUSTRY
Authors: ZIELIŃSKI Krzysztof , SPECZIK Stanisław
Published: May 2017

The deep copper-silver ores in the central and eastern parts of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline had been unknown until the mid-1950s. During the following decades, gradually progressing studies and analyses of core material from a limited number of deep boreholes drilled in this region made it possible to acquire detailed information and to demarcate areas of potential mineral deposits, along with the estimation of their predicted resources. In spite of the above, due to the technological barriers which limited their profitable extraction to depths not exceeding 1250 m, those areas were not formerly considered as potential mining targets. It is only because of the progressing technological advancement that the extraction of those minerals has currently become possible and attainable, as evidenced by experience from all over the world. Because of the extensive exploration program conducted for several years in south-western Poland by companies belonging to the Miedzi Copper Group, the documenting of deep copper and silver deposits in this area has now become realistic. A primary condition of economically justified extraction is focusing on regions characterised by a higher quality of ore.
Santé mentale et physique des filles et des garçons agressés sexuellement
Authors: Daigneault2 Isabelle , Hébert Martine , Bourgeois Catherine , Dargan Sonia , Frappier Jean-Yves
Published: May 2017

Introduction : L’agression sexuelle durant l’enfance est associée à de nombreux problèmes de santé physique et mentale. Toutefois, au Québec, nous ne connaissons pas bien les problèmes de santé physique et mentale que présentent les enfants et les adolescents ayant vécu une agression sexuelle corroborée en comparaison de ceux de la population générale. Objectif : L’objectif de la présente étude est donc de déterminer si les jeunes agressés sexuellement consultent ou sont davantage hospitalisés pour des problèmes de santé physique et mentale que ceux de la population générale sur une période de 10 ans après un premier signalement. Méthode : Des données administratives ont servi à documenter les diagnostics médicaux de 882 jeunes (75 % filles) ayant au moins un signalement fondé d’agression sexuelle entre le 1erjanvier 2001 et le 31 décembre 2010 au Centre jeunesse de Québec-Institut universitaire. Ces diagnostics sont comparés à ceux de 882 jeunes de la population générale appariés en genre et en âge au groupe de jeunes agressés sexuellement. Résultats : Les résultats indiquent que l’agression sexuelle à l’enfance entraîne un risque jusqu’à cinq fois plus élevé de consultations externes et d’hospitalisations pour des problèmes de santé mentale et physique, et ce, jusqu’à 10 ans après le signalement d’agression sexuelle.
Repensando la innovación educativa en y desde la filosofía. Estudio introductorio
Authors: Gracia Calandín Javier
Published: May 2017

Resumen: La innovación educativa supone un reto para la filosofía. Un reto porque nos lleva a replantear el magisterio de la filosofía a la luz de los últimos avances en la investigación educativa. Pero también porque nos hace volver con energías renovadas a las fuentes originales de la actitud filosófica de vigilancia y de búsqueda sin término del conocimiento y de la verdad. En estas líneas, en primer lugar, analizamos filosóficamente la relevancia que ha cobrado la innovación en el ámbito educativo y proponemos una visión humanista (no reductiva a las nuevas tecnologías) para entender la innovación educativa con especial significación para la labor educativa de la filosofía. En segundo lugar, invitamos a la lectura de todos y cada uno de los artículos seleccionados en este volumen monográfico.Palabras clave: innovación educativa, filosofía, formación humana, visión humanista.  English title: Rethinking Educational Innovation in and from Philosophy. Introductory StudyAbstract Educational innovation is a challenge for philosophy. This is a challenge because it leads us to rethink the teaching of philosophy in the light of the latest advances in educational research. But also because it makes us return with renewed energy to the original sources of the philosophical attitude of vigilance and unfinished search of knowledge and truth. In this paper, firstly, I analyse philosophically the relevance of innovation in the educational field and propose a humanistic vision (not reductive to new technologies) to understand educational innovation with special significance for the educational task of philosophy. Secondly, I invite you to read each and every one of the selected articles in this monographic volume.Keywords: educational innovation, philosophy, human formation, humanist vision.
Quaderns de Filosofia, IV, 1
Authors: Fia Quad
Published: May 2017

Número completo
La Filosofía como descarga de la sobrecarga de innovación
Authors: Marín-Casanova José Antonio
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Se ensaya la tesis de que no habiendo innovación sin tradición, la filosofía opera en un espacio en tensión entre estos dos polos. Se comienza trazando un recorrido por las distintas precomprensiones de la naturaleza y el conocimiento en la Antigüedad y en la Modernidad como esquemas del contraste entre tradición e innovación; a continuación, se acude a Ortega y Gasset y a Heidegger para precisar en qué consiste la innovación en filosofía y para explicitar su conexión con y dependencia de la tradición; por último, se propone explorar la innovación educativa de la filosofía como, siguiendo a Odo Marquard, descarga compensatoria de la sobrecarga innovativa. Palabras clave: innovación, tradición, Ortega y Gasset, Heidegger, Marquard. English title: Philosophy as unloading of innovation overloadAbstract: This paper claims that insofar as there is no innovation without tradition, philosophy operates in a space of tension between those two poles. I begin by sketching different pre-understandings of nature and knowledge in Antiquity and Modernity as schemas of the contrast between tradition and innovation. I then resort to Ortega y Gasset and Heidegger to specify what innovation consists of in philosophy and to explain its connection with and dependence on tradition. I finally propose to understand, following Odo Marquard, educative innovation in philosophy as a compensatory unloading of innovation overload. Keywords: innovation, tradition, Ortega y Gasset, Heidegger, Marquard.
La fundamentación zubiriana de la pedagogía de López Quintás
Authors: Esteve Alfredo
Published: May 2017

Resumen La enseñanza de la filosofía no es únicamente una transmisión de contenidos; incluso probablemente no sea éste el objetivo más importante. Para plantearnos qué es lo más importante en la docencia filosófica deberíamos preguntarnos qué queremos exactamente que aprendan nuestros alumnos. Cuando intentamos responder a esta cuestión se pone de manifiesto la especificidad de la filosofía. La filosofía no es cuestión de contenidos sino de vida; no es cuestión de respuestas, sino de preguntas. En esta comunicación se pretende mostrar la pedagogía de la admiración de Alfonso López Quintás a la luz de la inteligencia sentiente de Xavier Zubiri. Palabras clave: docencia filosofía, Xavier Zubiri, Alfonso López Quintás, capacitación educativa   The Zubirian Basis of López Quintás’s Pedagogy Abastract Teaching philosophy is not only about conveying contents; indeed this is probably not the most important goal. In reflecting about what is most important in teaching philosophy we should ask ourselves what we want specifically our students to learn. When we try to answer this question the specificity of philosophy is revealed. Philosophy is not a matter of contents but of life—it is not about answers but about questions. This paper aims to present Alfonso Lopez Quintás’s pedagogy of admiration in the light of Xavier Zubiri’s sentient intelligence. Keywords: teaching philosophy, Xavier Zubiri, Alfonso López Quintás, educational training
Taller de significados inéditos. Redefinición de conceptos siguiendo reglas lógicas
Authors: Calero Morcuende Luis
Published: May 2017

Resumen: El Taller de significados inéditos está concebido como una práctica filosófica para generar nuevos significados mediante la redefinición, siguiendo reglas lógicas, de conceptos del lenguaje ordinario. A partir de unas simples reglas y de un vocabulario seleccionado, los alumnos son capaces de pensar el lenguaje y recrear la realidad, alumbrando significados originales como expresión de su creatividad e imaginación. Junto a la mejora de la capacidad de definir —una de las operaciones básicas para articular el pensamiento—, el taller también puede servir para aprender a vincular conceptos e imágenes y para ejercitar el sentido crítico, así como para hacer uso del diccionario y las TIC. Palabras clave: definición, reglas, creatividad, significados. English title: Studio of untold meanings. Redefining concepts by following logical rulesAbstract: The Studio of untold meanings has been conceived as a philosophical practise in order to generate new meanings, through redefinition of ordinary language concepts, following logical rules. Starting from simple rules and selected vocabulary, students are able to think the language and recreate reality, lighting up original meanings as expression of their creativity and imagination. Besides improving the ability to define—one of the basic operations of articulate thought—the studio can also help them to learn how to link concepts and images, exercise critical thinking and encourage the use of dictionaries and TIC. Keywords: definition, rules, creativity, meanings.
Educar contra Auschwitz mediante el seminario de lectura
Authors: Batalla Gavaldà Ana Lucía
Published: May 2017

Resumen: En este escrito defiendo la realización de seminarios de lectura como una experiencia educativa innovadora que permite una mejor comprensión de los textos. En el marco de la educación contra Auschwitz, se propone la lectura conjunta de Si esto es un hombre, obra testimonial de Primo Levi. Mediante este seminario, se busca promover en los estudiantes la deliberación activa, el diálogo, la transmisión de valores y la importancia de escuchar a las víctimas. Palabras clave: seminario de lectura, Primo Levi, Auschwitz, testimonio. English title: Educating against Auschwitz with a reading groupAbstract: In this paper, I argue that reading groups can involve innovative teaching experiences which allow for a better understanding of books. Within the framework of education against Auschwitz, I propose the group reading of If this is a man—a testimonial book by Primo Levi. The aim is to promote in our students active deliberation, dialogue, transmission of values, and the importance of listening to the victims. Keywords: reading group, Primo Levi, Auschwitz, testimony.
Del Homo Ludens a la gamificación
Authors: Carreras Planas Carla
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Parece que las últimas tendencias en educación pasan por introducir la gamificación en las aulas y en todas las actividades educativas. La idea de que los contenidos deben interesar a nuestros estudiantes combinada con el convencimiento de que “se aprende mejor jugando”, han llevado a pensar que debemos dar a esos contenidos una forma lúdica o, mejor todavía, convertirlos en juegos. ¿Es la gamificación una moda o una oportunidad? Y en el caso concreto de la educación, ¿se trata sólo de un recurso metodológico para aprender más eficazmente o es una característica que debería tener toda actividad que pretenda ser educativa? ¿Cómo gamificar las clases (de filosofía, en nuestro caso)? Palabras clave: gamificación, Huizinga, Homo ludens. English title: From Homo Ludens to gamificationAbstract: Latest trends in education go through introducing gamification in classrooms and in all educational activities. The idea that contents should interest our students combined with the conviction that “they learn better by playing” have led us to think that we should give these contents a playful form or, even better, turn them into games. Is gamification a trend or an opportunity? And in the specific case of education, is it only a methodological resource to learn more effectively or is it a characteristic that should have all activity that pretends to be educational? How to gamify courses (philosophy courses, more concretely)? Keywords: gamification, Huizinga, Homo ludens.
Utility of Laparoscopic Surgery for Multiple Synchronous Colorectal Cancers With Two Anastomotic Sites
Authors: Takeda Mitsunobu , Ide Yoshihito , Tokuoka Masayoshi , Hirose Hajime , Sasaki Yo
Published: May 2017

The frequency of multiple synchronous colorectal cancers is reported to be 2% to 7%. The surgical resection of 2 lesions and having 2 anastomotic sites are rare. According to previous studies, even if there are 2 anastomotic sites, the rate of complications associated with laparotomy will not increase. However, the number of studies confined to cases of laparoscopic surgery is limited. This study investigated effective methods for laparoscopic colorectal resection and their short-term results in cases of multiple synchronous colorectal cancers with 2 anastomotic sites. The safety of these methods were also evaluated. The study was comprised of 4 patients with multiple synchronous colorectal cancers who underwent resection using laparoscopy between January 2011 and March 2015. We retrospectively examined patients with 2 anastomosis sites. A total of 3 patients underwent multiport laparoscopic surgery (5-port) and 1 patient underwent single-port laparoscopic surgery. Complications due to the conversion to laparotomy or intraoperative or postoperative complications were not observed in any patient. Laparoscopic colorectal resection, resulting in 2 anastomosis sites, was performed safely. Compared to open colorectal resection with 2 anastomotic sites, laparoscopic resection was a smaller incision and minimally invasive. Therefore, laparoscopic colorectal resection with 2 anastomotic sites is regarded as a feasible and safe option for multiple synchronous colorectal cancers when tumors are located distantly from each other.
K‐Ras mutation and amplification status is predictive of resistance and high basal pAKT is predictive of sensitivity to everolimus in biliary tract cancer cell lines
Authors: Yeung Yvonne , Lau David K. , Chionh Fiona , Tran Hoanh , Tse Janson W. T. , Weickhardt Andrew J. , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Scott Andrew M. , Tebbutt Niall C. , Mariadason John M.
Published: May 2017

Advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is hyperactivated in a subset of BTCs, and clinical activity of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been observed in some patients with BTC. The goal of this study was to identify biomarkers predictive of everolimus response. Twenty BTC cell lines were assessed for everolimus sensitivity with a spectrum of growth inhibitory responses observed. Molecular biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance were identified by interrogation of the activation status of the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. K‐Ras mutations and/or amplifications were identified in 45% of cell lines and were associated with resistance to everolimus. Activating mutations in PIK3CA or loss of PTEN was not predictive of everolimus response; however, high basal levels of pAKT were associated with sensitivity, independent of Ras/MAPK pathway activation status. Notably, everolimus inhibited mTOR signalling to a similar extent in sensitive and resistant cell lines, suggesting that relative dependence on the mTOR pathway rather than the magnitude of pathway inhibition determines everolimus response. Consistent with the known limitations of rapalogs, everolimus induced feedback‐mediated activation of AKT in BTC cell lines, which could be overcome by cotreatment with an AKT inhibitor or ATP‐competitive mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors. However, both approaches failed to induce greater apoptosis compared to everolimus, and mTORC1/mTORC2 kinase inhibitors induced compensatory activation of pERK, identifying an inherent limitation of these agents in BTC cell lines. These findings suggest that future trials of everolimus in BTC would benefit from preselecting patients based on their K‐Ras and PI3K/mTOR pathway activation status. The study also identifies strategies for enhancing inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in BTC cell lines.
Juno observations of energetic charged particles over Jupiter's polar regions: Analysis of monodirectional and bidirectional electron beams
Authors: Mauk B. H. , Haggerty D. K. , Paranicas C. , Clark G. , Kollmann P. , Rymer A. M. , Mitchell D. G. , Bolton S. J. , Levin S. M. , Adriani A. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Connerney J. E. P. , Gladstone G. R. , Kurth W. S. , McComas D. J. , Ranquist D. , Szalay J. R. , Valek P.
Published: May 2017

Juno obtained unique low‐altitude space environment measurements over Jupiter's poles on 27 August 2016. Here Jupiter Energetic‐particle Detector Instrument observations are presented for electrons (25–800 keV) and protons (10–1500 keV). We analyze magnetic field‐aligned electron angular beams over expected auroral regions that were sometimes symmetric (bidirectional) but more often strongly asymmetric. Included are variable but surprisingly persistent upward, monodirectional electron angular beams emerging from what we term the “polar cap,” poleward of the nominal auroral ovals. The energy spectra of all beams were monotonic and hard (not structured in energy), showing power law‐like distributions often extending beyond ~800 keV. Given highly variable downward energy fluxes (below 1 RJ altitudes within the loss cone) as high as 280 mW/m2, we suggest that mechanisms generating these beams are among the primary processes generating Jupiter's uniquely intense auroral emissions, distinct from what is typically observed at Earth.
Latitudinal beaming of Jovian decametric radio emissions as viewed from Juno and the Nançay Decameter Array
Authors: Imai Masafumi , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Bolton Scott J. , Connerney John E. P. , Levin Steven M. , Lecacheux Alain , Lamy Laurent , Zarka Philippe
Published: May 2017

Two well‐defined Jovian decametric radio arcs were observed at latitudinal separations of 11°–16° from the Juno spacecraft near Jupiter and the Nançay Decameter Array (NDA) at Earth on 17 May and 25 August 2016. These discrete arcs are from the so‐called A source covering both Io‐related and non‐Io‐related emissions. By measuring the wave arrival time at two distant observers with propagation time correction, the remaining delay times are 92.8 ± 1.3 min for the first arc and 116.0 ± 1.2 min for the second arc. This implies that both radio sources are not controlled by the orbital motion of Io but Jupiter's rotation itself. The geometrical information for Juno and NDA and the loss cone‐driven electron cyclotron maser instability theory provide these radio sources that are located at about 173° ± 10° in system III longitude projected onto Jupiter's north surface and imply resonant electron energy ranges from 0.5 to 11 keV.
Increased sediment oxygen flux in lakes and reservoirs: The impact of hypolimnetic oxygenation
Authors: Bierlein Kevin A. , Rezvani Maryam , Socolofsky Scott A. , Bryant Lee D. , Wüest Alfred , Little John C.
Published: May 2017

Hypolimnetic oxygenation is an increasingly common lake management strategy for mitigating hypoxia/anoxia and associated deleterious effects on water quality. A common effect of oxygenation is increased oxygen consumption in the hypolimnion and predicting the magnitude of this increase is the crux of effective oxygenation system design. Simultaneous measurements of sediment oxygen flux (JO2) and turbulence in the bottom boundary layer of two oxygenated lakes were used to investigate the impact of oxygenation on JO2. Oxygenation increased JO2 in both lakes by increasing the bulk oxygen concentration, which in turn steepens the diffusive gradient across the diffusive boundary layer. At high flow rates, the diffusive boundary layer thickness decreased as well. A transect along one of the lakes showed JO2 to be spatially quite variable, with near‐field and far‐field JO2 differing by a factor of 4. Using these in situ measurements, physical models of interfacial flux were compared to microprofile‐derived JO2 to determine which models adequately predict JO2 in oxygenated lakes. Models based on friction velocity, turbulence dissipation rate, and the integral scale of turbulence agreed with microprofile‐derived JO2 in both lakes. These models could potentially be used to predict oxygenation‐induced oxygen flux and improve oxygenation system design methods for a broad range of reservoir systems.
Evapotranspiration of urban landscapes in Los Angeles, California at the municipal scale
Authors: Litvak E. , Manago K. F. , Hogue T. S. , Pataki D. E.
Published: May 2017

Evapotranspiration (ET), an essential process in biosphere‐atmosphere interactions, is highly uncertain in cities that maintain cultivated and irrigated landscapes. We estimated ET of irrigated landscapes in Los Angeles by combining empirical models of turfgrass ET and tree transpiration derived from in situ measurements with previously developed remotely sensed estimates of vegetation cover and ground‐based vegetation surveys. We modeled irrigated landscapes as a two‐component system comprised of trees and turfgrass to assess annual and spatial patterns of ET. Annual ET from vegetated landscapes (ETveg) was 1110 ± 53 mm/yr and ET from the whole city (vegetated and nonvegetated areas, ETland) was three times smaller, reflecting the fractional vegetation cover. With the exception of May and June, monthly ETland was significantly higher than predicted by the North American Land Data Assimilation System. ETveg was close to potential ET, indicating abundant irrigation inputs. Monthly averaged ETveg varied from 1.5 ± 0.1 mm/d (December) to 4.3 ± 0.2 mm/d (June). Turfgrass was responsible for ∼70% of ETveg. For trees, angiosperm species (71% of all trees) contributed over 90% to total tree transpiration, while coniferous and palm species made very small contributions. ETland was linearly correlated with median household income across the city, confirming the importance of social factors in determining spatial distribution of urban vegetation. These estimates have important implications for constraining the municipal water budget of Los Angeles and improving regional‐scale hydrologic models, as well as for developing water‐saving practices. The methodology used in this study is also transferable to other semiarid regions for quantification of urban landscape ET.
Plasma environment at the dawn flank of Jupiter's magnetosphere: Juno arrives at Jupiter
Authors: McComas D. J. , Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Connerney J. , Ebert R. W. , Kurth W. S. , Louarn P. , Mauk B. , Reno M. , Thomsen M. F. , Valek P. , Weidner S. , Wilson R. J. , Bolton S.
Published: May 2017

This study examines the first observations from the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) as the Juno spacecraft arrived at Jupiter. JADE observations show that Juno crossed the bow shock at 08:16 UT on 2016 day of year (DOY) 176 and magnetopause at 21:20 on DOY 177, with additional magnetopause encounters until 23:39 on DOY 181. JADE made the first detailed observations of the plasma environment just inside the dawn flank of the magnetopause. We find subcorotational ions and variable electron beaming, with multiple flux tubes of varying plasma properties. Ion composition shows a dearth of heavy ions; protons dominate the plasma, with only intermittent, low fluxes of O+/S++, along with traces of O++ and S+++. We also find very little
or He+, which are expected for an ionospheric plasma source. A few heavy ion bursts occur when the radial field nears reversal, but many other such reversals are not accompanied by heavy ions.
Plasma measurements in the Jovian polar region with Juno/JADE
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. , Clark G. , Connerney J. E. P. , Dougherty L. P. , Ebert R. W. , Gershman D. J. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. , Louarn P. , Mauk B. , McComas D. J. , Paranicas C. , Ranquist D. , Reno M. , Thomsen M. F. , Valek P. W. , Weidner S. , Wilson R. J.
Published: May 2017

Jupiter's main auroral oval provides a window into the complex magnetospheric dynamics of the Jovian system. The Juno spacecraft entered orbit about Jupiter on 5 July 2016 and carries on board the Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) that can directly sample the auroral plasma structures. Here we identify five distinct regimes in the JADE data based on composition/energy boundaries and magnetic field mappings, which exhibit considerable symmetry between the northern and southern passes. These intervals correspond to periods when Juno was connected to the Io torus, inner plasma sheet, middle plasma sheet, outer plasma sheet, and the polar region. When connected to the torus and inner plasma sheet, the heavy ions are consistent with a corotating pickup population. For Juno's first perijove, we do not find evidence for a broad auroral acceleration region at Jupiter's main auroral oval for energies below 100 keV.
Preliminary results on the composition of Jupiter's troposphere in hot spot regions from the JIRAM/Juno instrument
Authors: Grassi D. , Adriani A. , Mura A. , Dinelli B. M. , Sindoni G. , Turrini D. , Filacchione G. , Migliorini A. , Moriconi M. L. , Tosi F. , Noschese R. , Cicchetti A. , Altieri F. , Fabiano F. , Piccioni G. , Stefani S. , Atreya S. , Lunine J. , Orton G. , Ingersoll A. , Bolton S. , Levin S. , Connerney J. , Olivieri A. , Amoroso M.
Published: May 2017

The Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument on board the Juno spacecraft performed observations of two bright Jupiter hot spots around the time of the first Juno pericenter passage on 27 August 2016. The spectra acquired in the 4–5 µm spectral range were analyzed to infer the residual opacities of the uppermost cloud deck as well as the mean mixing ratios of water, ammonia, and phosphine at the approximate level of few bars. Our results support the current view of hot spots as regions of prevailing descending vertical motions in the atmosphere but extend this view suggesting that upwelling may occur at the southern boundaries of these structures. Comparison with the global ammonia abundance measured by Juno Microwave Radiometer suggests also that hot spots may represent sites of local enrichment of this gas. JIRAM also identifies similar spatial patterns in water and phosphine contents in the two hot spots.
Searching for low‐altitude magnetic field anomalies by using observations of the energetic particle loss cone on JUNO
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Thorne R. M. , Ma Q. , Li W. , Mauk B. H. , Paranicas C. , Haggerty D. K. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. J.
Published: May 2017

In inner planetary magnetospheres, pitch angle distributions of charged particles are shaped by the global magnetic field topology when they bounce fast along magnetic field lines. Therefore, one can estimate the magnetic field intensity at the top of the atmosphere from the loss cone size, inferred from particle pitch angle distributions at higher altitudes. We propose such a technique to estimate the magnetic field intensity near the top of Jovian atmosphere based on Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instruments particle distributions captured by JUNO and verify the algorithm by using plasma measurements from Van Allen Probes in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. Our results demonstrate that the low‐altitude magnetic field can be significantly larger than the expected field from present models, which supports recent reports on the anomaly of Jovian internal magnetic field from in situ JUNO measurements. We also discuss possible modifications and applications of the proposed technique to future investigations of the global Jovian magnetic field configuration.
Generation of the Jovian hectometric radiation: First lessons from Juno
Authors: Louarn P. , Allegrini F. , McComas D. J. , Valek P. W. , Kurth W. S. , André N. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. , Connerney J. , Ebert R. W. , Imai M. , Levin S. , Szalay J. R. , Weidner S. , Wilson R. J. , Zink J. L.
Published: May 2017

Using Juno plasma and wave and magnetic observations (JADE and Waves and MAG instruments), the generation mechanism of the Jovian hectometric radio emission is analyzed. It is shown that suitable conditions for the cyclotron maser instability (CMI) are observed in the regions of the radio sources. Pronounced loss cone in the electron distributions are likely the source of free energy for the instability. The theory reveals that sufficient growth rates are obtained from the distribution functions that are measured by the JADE‐Electron instrument. The CMI would be driven by upgoing electron populations at 5–10 keV and 10–30° pitch angle, the amplified waves propagating at 82°–87° from the B field, a fraction of a percent above the gyrofrequency. Typical e‐folding times of 10−4 s are obtained, leading to an amplification path of ~1000 km. Overall, this scenario for generation of the Jovian hectometric waves differs significantly from the case of the auroral kilometric radiation at Earth.
Characterization of the white ovals on Jupiter's southern hemisphere using the first data by the Juno/JIRAM instrument
Authors: Sindoni G. , Grassi D. , Adriani A. , Mura A. , Moriconi M. L. , Dinelli B. M. , Filacchione G. , Tosi F. , Piccioni G. , Migliorini A. , Altieri F. , Fabiano F. , Turrini D. , Noschese R. , Cicchetti A. , Stefani S. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Atreya S. K. , Bagenal F. , Hansen C. , Ingersoll A. , Janssen M. , Levin S. M. , Lunine J. I. , Orton G. , Olivieri A. , Amoroso M.
Published: May 2017

During the first perijove passage of the Juno mission, the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) observed a line of closely spaced oval features in Jupiter's southern hemisphere, between 30°S and 45°S. In this work, we focused on the longitudinal region covering the three ovals having higher contrast at 5 μm, i.e., between 120°W and 60°W in System III coordinates. We used the JIRAM's full spectral capability in the range 2.4–3 μm together with a Bayesian data inversion approach to retrieve maps of column densities and altitudes for an NH3 cloud and an N2H4 haze. The deep (under the saturation level) volume mixing ratio and the relative humidity for gaseous ammonia were also retrieved. Our results suggest different vortex activity for the three ovals. Updraft and downdraft together with considerations about the ammonia condensation could explain our maps providing evidences of cyclonic and anticyclonic structures.
Multiple‐wavelength sensing of Jupiter during the Juno mission's first perijove passage
Authors: Orton G. S. , Momary T. , Ingersoll A. P. , Adriani A. , Hansen C. J. , Janssen M. , Arballo J. , Atreya S. K. , Bolton S. , Brown S. , Caplinger M. , Grassi D. , Li C. , Levin S. , Moriconi M. L. , Mura A. , Sindoni G.
Published: May 2017

We compare Jupiter observations made around 27 August 2016 by Juno's JunoCam, Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM), MicroWave Radiometer (MWR) instruments, and NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility. Visibly dark regions are highly correlated with bright areas at 5 µm, a wavelength sensitive to gaseous NH3 gas and particulate opacity at p ≤5 bars. A general correlation between 5‐µm and microwave radiances arises from a similar dependence on NH3 opacity. Significant exceptions are present and probably arise from additional particulate opacity at 5 µm. JIRAM spectroscopy and the MWR derive consistent 5‐bar NH3 abundances that are within the lower bounds of Galileo measurement uncertainties. Vigorous upward vertical transport near the equator is likely responsible for high NH3 abundances and with enhanced abundances of some disequilibrium species used as indirect indicators of vertical motions.
Io‐Jupiter decametric arcs observed by Juno/Waves compared to ExPRES simulations
Authors: Louis C. K. , Lamy L. , Zarka P. , Cecconi B. , Imai M. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. , Hess S. L. G. , Bonnin X. , Bolton S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Levin S. M.
Published: May 2017

We compare observations from the Juno/Waves radio experiment with simulations of radio «arcs» in the time‐frequency plane resulting from the Io‐Jupiter interaction, performed with the ExPRES code. We identify the hemisphere of origin of the observed arcs directly from simulations and confirm this identification through comparison with Juno, Nançay, and Wind observations. The occurrence and shape of observed arcs are well modeled, at low latitudes with their usual shapes as seen from Earth, as well as at high latitudes with longer, bowl‐shaped, arcs observed for the first time. Predicted emission is actually observed only when the radio beaming angle θ = (k,B) ≥ 70° ± 5°, providing new constraints on the generation of the decameter emission by the Cyclotron Maser Instability. Further improvements of ExPRES are outlined, which will then be applied to Juno and Earth‐based observations of radio emissions induced by other Galilean satellites or associated to the main auroral oval.
Observations of MeV electrons in Jupiter's innermost radiation belts and polar regions by the Juno radiation monitoring investigation: Perijoves 1 and 3
Authors: Becker Heidi N. , Santos‐Costa Daniel , Jørgensen John L. , Denver Troelz , Adriani Alberto , Mura Alessandro , Connerney John E. P. , Bolton Scott J. , Levin Steven M. , Thorne Richard M. , Alexander James W. , Adumitroaie Virgil , Manor‐Chapman Emily A. , Daubar Ingrid J. , Lee Clifford , Benn Mathias , Sushkova Julia , Cicchetti Andrea , Noschese Raffaella
Published: May 2017

Juno's “Perijove 1” (27 August 2016) and “Perijove 3” (11 December 2016) flybys through the innermost region of Jupiter's magnetosphere (radial distances <2 Jovian radii, 1.06 RJ at closest approach) provided the first in situ look at this region's radiation environment. Juno's Radiation Monitoring Investigation collected particle counts and noise signatures from penetrating high‐energy particle impacts in images acquired by the Stellar Reference Unit and Advanced Stellar Compass star trackers, and the Jupiter Infrared Auroral Mapper infrared imager. This coordinated observation campaign sampled radiation at the inner edges of the high‐latitude lobes of the synchrotron emission region and more distant environments. Inferred omnidirectional >5 MeV and >10 MeV electron fluxes derived from these measurements provide valuable constraints for models of relativistic electron environments in the inner radiation belts. Several intense bursts of high‐energy particle counts were also observed by the Advanced Stellar Compass in polar regions outside the radiation belts.
Morphology of the UV aurorae Jupiter during Juno's first perijove observations
Authors: Bonfond B. , Gladstone G. R. , Grodent D. , Greathouse T. K. , Versteeg M. H. , Hue V. , Davis M. W. , Vogt M. F. , Gérard J.‐C. , Radioti A. , Bolton S. , Levin S. M. , Connerney J. E. P. , Mauk B. H. , Valek P. , Adriani A. , Kurth W. S.
Published: May 2017

On 27 August 2016, the NASA Juno spacecraft performed its first close‐up observations of Jupiter during its perijove. Here we present the UV images and color ratio maps from the Juno‐UVS UV imaging spectrograph acquired at that time. Data were acquired during four sequences (three in the north, one in the south) from 5:00 UT to 13:00 UT. From these observations, we produced complete maps of the Jovian aurorae, including the nightside. The sequence shows the development of intense outer emission outside the main oval, first in a localized region (255°–295° System III longitude) and then all around the pole, followed by a large nightside protrusion of auroral emissions from the main emission into the polar region. Some localized features show signs of differential drift with energy, typical of plasma injections in the middle magnetosphere. Finally, the color‐ratio map in the north shows a well‐defined area in the polar region possibly linked to the polar cap.
Variability of Jupiter's IR H3+ aurorae during Juno approach
Authors: Moore L. , O'Donoghue J. , Melin H. , Stallard T. , Tao C. , Zieger B. , Clarke J. , Vogt M. F. , Bhakyapaibul T. , Opher M. , Tóth G. , Connerney J. E. P. , Levin S. , Bolton S.
Published: May 2017

We present ground‐based observations of Jupiter's H3+ aurorae over four nights in April 2016 while the Juno spacecraft was monitoring the upstream interplanetary magnetic field. High‐precision maps of auroral H3+ densities, temperatures, and radiances reveal significant variabilities in those parameters, with regions of enhanced density and emission accompanied by reduced temperature. Juno magnetometer data, combined with solar wind propagation models, suggest that a shock may have impacted Jupiter in the days preceding the observation interval but that the solar wind was quiescent thereafter. Auroral H3+ temperatures reveal a downward temporal trend, consistent with a slowly cooling upper atmosphere, such as might follow a period of shock recovery. The brightest H3+ emissions are from the end of the period, 23 April. A lack of definitive signatures in the upstream interplanetary magnetic field lends supporting evidence to the possibility that this brightening event may have been driven by internal magnetospheric processes.
The distribution of ammonia on Jupiter from a preliminary inversion of Juno microwave radiometer data
Authors: Li Cheng , Ingersoll Andrew , Janssen Michael , Levin Steven , Bolton Scott , Adumitroaie Virgil , Allison Michael , Arballo John , Bellotti Amadeo , Brown Shannon , Ewald Shawn , Jewell Laura , Misra Sidharth , Orton Glenn , Oyafuso Fabiano , Steffes Paul , Williamson Ross
Published: May 2017

The Juno microwave radiometer measured the thermal emission from Jupiter's atmosphere from the cloud tops at about 1 bar to as deep as a hundred bars of pressure during its first flyby over Jupiter (PJ1). The nadir brightness temperatures show that the Equatorial Zone is likely to be an ideal adiabat, which allows a determination of the deep ammonia abundance in the range
 ppm. The combination of Markov chain Monte Carlo method and Tikhonov regularization is studied to invert Jupiter's global ammonia distribution assuming a prescribed temperature profile. The result shows (1) that ammonia is depleted globally down to 50–60 bars except within a few degrees of the equator, (2) the North Equatorial Belt is more depleted in ammonia than elsewhere, and (3) the ammonia concentration shows a slight inversion starting from about 7 bars to 2 bars. These results are robust regardless of the choice of water abundance.
Hot flow anomaly observed at Jupiter's bow shock
Authors: Valek P. W. , Thomsen M. F. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. , Connerney J. , Ebert R. W. , Gladstone R. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. , Louarn P. , Mauk B. , McComas D. J. , Pollock C. , Reno M. , Szalay J. R. , Weidner S. , Wilson R. J.
Published: May 2017

A Hot Flow Anomaly (HFA) is created when an interplanetary current sheet interacts with a planetary bow shock. Previous studies have reported observing HFAs at Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Saturn. During Juno's approach to Jupiter, a number of its instruments operated in the solar wind. Prior to crossing into Jupiter's magnetosphere, Juno observed an HFA at Jupiter for the first time. This Jovian HFA shares most of the characteristics of HFAs seen at other planets. The notable exception is that the Jovian HFA is significantly larger than any HFA seen before. With an apparent size greater than 2 × 106 km the Jovian HFA is orders of magnitude larger than those seen at the other planets. By comparing the size of the HFAs at the other planets with the Jovian HFA, we conclude that HFAs size scales with the size of planetary bow shocks that the interplanetary current sheet interacts with.
Jovian bow shock and magnetopause encounters by the Juno spacecraft
Authors: Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Bolton S. J. , Allegrini F. , Clark G. B. , Connerney J. E. P. , Ebert R. W. , Haggerty D. K. , Levin S. , McComas D. J. , Paranicas C. , Rymer A. M. , Valek P. W.
Published: May 2017

The Juno spacecraft has crossed Jupiter's bow shock (BS) and magnetopause (MP) multiple times in the dawn sector (near 0600 local time), both during the approach to Jupiter and during the first three apojove periods. A survey of all of these crossings using the Juno field and particle instruments has been performed, with 51 bow shock and 97 magnetopause crossings being detected. The BS crossings ranged from 92 to 128 RJ with 1 encounter during the approach, 36 during the first apojove period, 0 on the second, and 14 during the third. The MP crossings ranged from 73 to 114 RJ, with 8 MP encounters during the approach, 40 encounters during the first apojove period, 24 encounters on the second, and 46 during the third. During the approach, Juno initially encountered an expanding magnetosphere resulting in a single BS and MP crossing, followed a few days later by a contracting magnetosphere, resulting in 7 more MP crossings and a BS crossing on the first outbound orbit at 92 RJ. The lack of BS crossings and the limited number of MP crossings during the second apojove period suggests a long period of an expanded magnetosphere, likely caused by a prolonged period of low solar wind dynamic pressure associated with a rarefaction region. The detection of BS crossings on the third apojove period suggests another period of a highly compressed magnetosphere.
Electron beams and loss cones in the auroral regions of Jupiter
Authors: Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. , Connerney J. , Clark G. , Ebert R. W. , Kim T. K. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. , Louarn P. , Mauk B. , McComas D. J. , Pollock C. , Ranquist D. , Reno M. , Szalay J. R. , Thomsen M. F. , Valek P. , Weidner S. , Wilson R. J. , Zink J. L.
Published: May 2017

We report on the first observations of 100 eV to 100 keV electrons over the auroral regions of Jupiter by the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) on board the Juno mission. The focus is on the regions that were magnetically connected to the main auroral oval. Amongst the most remarkable features, JADE observed electron beams, mostly upward going but also some downward going in the south, at latitudes from ~69° to 72° and ~ −66° to −70° corresponding to M shells (“M” for magnetic) from ~18 to 54 and ~28 to 61, respectively. The beams were replaced by upward loss cones at lower latitudes. There was no evidence of strongly accelerated downward electrons analogous to the auroral “inverted Vs” at Earth. Rather, the presence of upward loss cones suggests a diffuse aurora process. The energy spectra resemble tails of distributions or power laws (suggestive of a stochastic acceleration process) but can also have some clear enhancements or even peaks generally between 1 and 10 keV. Electron intensities change on timescales of a second or less at times implying that auroral structures can be of the order of a few tens of kilometers.