bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Management of Common-Pool Resources by Smart Contracts
Authors: Gunnar Prause , Thomas Hoffmann
Published: April 2020

The access to common-pool resources, i.e. to resources in limited common property, are legally distributed in a far more diverse way than limited private property resources. In transportation, a critical case for common-pool resources appear in Green Transport Corridors (GTC), that has been coined by European Union as being «sustainable logistics solutions for cargo transportation’ with a shared pool of resources aiming for multimodal trans-shipment routes with a concentration of freight traffic between significant hubs». Although there are already existing implementations of GTC concepts, there are still a lot of open questions concerning GTC governance and ownership models hindering easy marketing of the GTC approach. This paper discusses how and to which extent smart contracts in combination with blockchain technology as innovative solutions are able to facilitate GTC governance and how smart contracts can be applied to provide legal certainty by managing and allocating distributed access to common-pool resources. Smart contracts can be considered as computerised transaction protocols for the execution of underlying legal contracts, and they do not only target reducing transaction costs by realising trackable and irreversible transactions through blockchain technology for distributed databases, but also show high potential to strengthen cooperative business structures and to facilitate the entrepreneurial collaboration of cross-organisational business processes. From a legal perspective, it is controversial whether the use of smart contracts to distribute access to resources in terms of both general common-pool resources. GTCs implies an added value automatically for legal certainty and fair balance among different forms and degrees of access granted to different members of the cooperative. In cases of incorrect performance, change of circumstances or unduly induced contracts smart contracts fall considerably short on the protection of weaker parties, which the paper illustrates at the example of GTCs to be a decisive detriment of the cooperative members. The paper analyses these potentials and risks of smart contracts for the case of GTCs and showcases from both business and legal perspective in terms of their potential as viable means of distributing access to common-pool resources comprising infrastructure.

Keywords
common-pool resources, cooperative governance, blockchain, smart contracts, Green Transport Corridors.
Conceptual Relationships Between Country Image and Economic Security
Authors: Mikhnevych Liudmyla , Marchenko Victor , Hristov Petur , Kuzior Aleksandra
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the analysis of the linking between country image and level of economic security. The studies confirmed that ongoing tendency on world competitiveness justified considering direct and indirect dimensions which influence on the country’s economic security. The authors generalised the factors which affected the economic security of the country. The finding proved that one of the significant indirect parameters is the country image. The authors analysed and summarised the most appropriate definitions of country brand and image. The authors analysed the frequency of country brand and image in the scientific paper. The paper aimed to identify the scientific clusters on the investigation of economic security and the country’s brand. The study used the bibliometric analysis using software VOSviewer, Web of Science and Scopus Tools Analysis. The data of analysis was obtained from the scientific database Scopus and Web of Science for 1991-2019 years. For the analysis, the papers were selected as the criteria as follows: English language; published for 1991-2019 years; contained the keywords brand, image, county and security. The results of the analysis proved that the paper which used the term “country image” is more than “country brand” in Scopus and Web of Science. The findings from the Web of Science and Scopus Tools Analysis confirm the hypothesis on the increasing tendency of publishing activities papers which focused on the analysis of security and country’s image. The visualising of co-authorship by country allowed identifying that the 50% papers published by the scientists with the American, Ukrainian, Canadian, Spanish and Russian affiliations. The VOSviewer results allowed identifying two significant scientific clusters as follows: country image and economic security. Besides, between the two most significant cluster were as mediators: governance, nation branding, developing countries and environment. Besides, analysing the new publication for 2015-2019 years, the most cited papers on economic security connected with analysis not only quantitively economic parameters but also with political, sustainable development and country’s image. The bibliometric analysis formed the background for checking the casual relationship between image and economic security of the country. Keywords bibliometric analysis, brand, brand management, country brand, VOSviewer.
First report of molecular characterization and phylogeny of Trichuris fossor Hall, 1916 (Nematoda: Trichuridae)
Authors: Hughes Malorri R. , Duffield Deborah A. , Howe Dana K. , Denver Dee R.
Published: April 2020

Because species of Trichuris are morphologically similar and ranges of host preference are variable, using molecular data to evaluate species delineations is essential for properly quantifying biodiversity of and relationships within Trichuridae. Trichuris fossor has been reported from Thomomys spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae, ‘pocket gophers’) hosts based on morphological features alone. Partial 18S rRNA sequences for specimens identified as T. fossor based on morphology, along with sequences from 26 additional taxa, were used for a phylogenetic analysis. Evolutionary histories were constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. In both analyses, the specimens fell within the Trichuris clade with 100% support and formed a distinct subclade with 100% support. These results confirm that T. fossor is a distinct species and represent the first molecular report for it. Relatedness among species within the family were well resolved in the BI tree. This study represents an initial effort to obtain a more comprehensive view of Trichuridae by including a new clade member, T. fossor. A better understanding of Trichuridae phylogeny could contribute to further characterization of host-associations, including species that infect livestock and humans.
Differences in parasitism of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on oilseed radish and oat
Authors: Hamidi Negin , Hajihassani Abolfazl
Published: April 2020

Oilseed radish and oat are cool season annual crops that are potentially used as “trap” or “biofumigant” crops for the suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil. Cultivars of oilseed radish (Carwoodi, Cardinal, Final, Image, Concorde, Control, Eco-Till, Karakter and Cannavaro), white (Tachiibuki) and black (Pratex) oats were evaluated for their ability to reduce reproduction of three root-knot nematode species: Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita race 3, and M. arenaria race 1. Nematode penetration and development were also evaluated using selected resistant and susceptible cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Root galling severity, number of eggs per gram of fresh root, and rate of reproduction varied among the cultivars in response to nematode infection. Oilseed radish cv. Carwoodi was resistant to M. javanica, whereas Karakter and Concorde were maintenance hosts allowing the nematode to maintain or increase its population on the plants. For M. incognita, Control and Carwoodi oilseed radish and Tachiibuki oat were resistant hosts. The cultivars that supported little reproduction of M. arenaria were Karakter and Carwoodi radish, and Tachiibuki oat. Comparable numbers of nematodes entered the roots of susceptible and resistant cultivars of oilseed radish and oat during early stages of infection. However, the development of the nematodes as evident from counting young and egg-laying females in roots were significantly decreased or inhibited in the resistant cultivars compared to the susceptible cultivars indicating that resistance occurs at post-infection stages. Histopathological examinations of galled-root tissues also revealed the susceptibility and resistance responses of selected cultivars of oilseed radish and oat to these nematode species.
Impact of leadership behavior on psychological capital: the mediating role of organizational support
Authors: Marashdah Osama , Albdareen Rokaya
Published: April 2020

Even though psychological capital has been identified as an important issue in the workplace, little research has focused on it through organizational support. Drawing on leadership theory and conservation of resources theory, this article examines the mediating role of organizational support in the relationship between leadership behavior and psychological capital in insurance companies in Jordan. The questionnaires were distributed randomly. Out of 350 questionnaires, 335 questionnaires were effective for analysis, after analyzing the data using the statistical program SmartPLS version 3.2.6. Based on the theories, a significant impact of organizational support on the relationship between leadership behavior and psychological capital of employees was found. Thus, the study recommended maintaining the interest of senior management in the insurance companies operating in Jordan to identify and educate the managers of these companies in choosing the appropriate leadership behavior in accordance with the company’s data and the circumstances surrounding it at the right time and place.
Potential of investments into renewable energy sources
Authors: Čeryová Dominika , Bullová Tatiana , Adamičková Izabela , Turčeková Natália , Bielik Peter
Published: April 2020

Greening the economy requires green innovations, and innovations require investments. Most countries of the world are still relying on conventional (fossil-based) sources of energy. The transition toward green or renewable energy sources is an effective and innovative way to meet ever-increasing demand as a result of the rising population. Another reason for innovations in the field of green energy is the need to mitigate climate change and avoid pollution, especially in developing countries. The monitored investments into renewable energy sources are usually public. Therefore, this paper aims to determine whether the selected countries of the world produced renewable energy efficiently, considering the investments made by public financial institutions and installed electricity capacity for renewable energy sources, for the period 2013–2017 (for a deeper analysis, the year 2017 was chosen). For this purpose, the Stochastic Frontier Analysis model in the logarithmic form of the Cobb-Douglas production function is used, which helps to judge the competitiveness of countries based on effectively transforming the inputs into outputs. Results suggest that the effect of the first variable “installed electricity capacity” on electricity generation was highly statistically significant, and the impact of the second variable “public investments” was characterized as statistically insignificant. The monitored countries were divided into 10 groups according to the different range of estimated output-oriented technical efficiency from 0.00 to 1.00. Most countries should increase the renewable electricity generation approximately by 40-49%, given the level of inputs (16 countries of 6th group with estimated output-oriented technical efficiency 0.51-0.60) for the year 2017.
Saindo da “Torre de Marfim” dos Estudos Organizacionais Críticos: a pesquisa-ação aliada a ferramentas colaborativas do Dragon Dreaming no caso da Astriflores
Authors: Souza Mariana Mayumi Pereira de , Paes de Paula Ana Paula
Published: April 2020

A metáfora da “torre de marfim” é algumas vezes utilizada para criticar o distanciamento dos estudos organizacionais críticos em relação à práxis. O objetivo deste artigo é apontar uma possível saída para essa situação por meio de uma proposta técnico-metodológica aplicada em um caso empírico na Associação de Catadores e Triadores de Materiais Recicláveis de Florestal/MG (Astriflores). Foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação no contexto da Astriflores aliada à aplicação da metodologia colaborativa do Dragon Dreaming. Com duração de dois anos, o projeto obteve resultados positivos para as associadas e para a comunidade de Florestal/MG, de forma geral, com o aprimoramento da gestão dos resíduos sólidos no município. Além dos resultados práticos, o caminho técnico-metodológico trilhado possibilitou também reflexões sobre o processo colaborativo e sobre a geração de conhecimentos críticos em um contexto organizacional, considerando as dinâmicas entre objetividade e subjetividade e entre teoria e prática.
Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional em Instituições de Ensino Superior Brasileiras e a Gestão da Comunicação Integrada de Marketing no Ambiente On-Line
Authors: Breda Fernanda , Cruz Cassiana Maris Lima , Hermes Lisiane Caroline Rodrigues , Medeiros Janine Fleith de
Published: April 2020

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre o Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras e a gestão da Comunicação Integrada de Marketing (CIM) no ambiente on-line, de acordo com o proposto por Gurau (2008). A pesquisa foi realizada com base no método exploratório, seguindo as premissas da narrativa e abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas com gestores das Universidades investigadas, que propõe três etapas para a adaptação das mensagens online: aos valores corporativos, aos objetivos estratégicos e táticos da comunicação, bem como customização. A investigação corroborou quanto aos valores corporativos e, também apresentou discrepâncias de achados frente as estratégias e táticas de comunicação e a customização. Ainda, agregou novas perspectivas ao processo da CIM no ambiente on-line das Universidades, enfatizando a importância da comunicação interna como uma ferramenta de suporte a gestão.
Direct Teacher Corrective Feedback in EFL Writing Class at Higher Education: What Students Perceive
Authors: Sabarun Sabarun
Published: April 2020

The study is aimed at describing the students’ perception of direct teacher corrective feedback in a foreign language writing class. It is descriptive quantitative research, employing questionnaires and observation as research instruments, which was conducted with 20 students of the fourth semester English department students of Palangka Raya State Islamic Institute of 2018/ 2019 academic year. The findings revealed that, firstly, in terms of the perception of students’ attitudes toward direct teacher corrective feedback, 75 percent of participants felt that they agreed to receive direct teacher corrective feedback on language form, content, and organization. Their preference for the area of corrective feedback in language forms was 85 percent while the organization was 65 percent. Secondly, dealing with the students’ perception on direct teacher feedback, 90 percent of students argued that they felt satisfied when they got direct teacher feedback. 85 percent of students perceived that their teacher’s feedback helped them improve their writing, and 90 percent of them realized that their teacher’s feedback made them feel confident in producing a better draft. Finally, most students responded that they appreciated the teacher’s feedback. In addition, the students believed that direct teacher feedback improved writing especially on grammar accuracy and organization.
Facile preparation of 3D GO with caffeic acid for efficient adsorption of norfloxacin and ketoprofen
Authors: Lu Ying , Li Youlin , Gao Yi , Ai BoXuan , Gao Wei , Peng Guilong
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a simple and green method was developed to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based material with the assistance of caffeic acid (CA). The prepared 3D graphene displayed fast and high sorption for norfloxacin (NOR) and ketoprofen (KP). Their adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 12 h for NOR and KP, which was attributed to their fast diffusion in the porous structure of the 3D graphene. The maximum adsorbed amount of this adsorbent was 220.99 mg/g for NOR and 125.37 mg/g for KP according to the Langmuir model at pH 6.6, 298 K. In the competitive adsorption of six pharmaceuticals, the organic compounds in the form of cations are preferentially adsorbed on the adsorbent. The co-existing organic compounds in the actual wastewater do not seriously inhibit the adsorption of NOR and KP. This study provides the theoretical basis for the facile and low-cost preparation of high-performance 3D graphene adsorbents. The results of this study demonstrate the potential utility of 3D graphene as a very effective adsorbent for pharmaceuticals removal from contaminated water.
Biochemical parameters and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis amongst green microalgal strains from selected aquatic sites of Eastern India
Authors: Vishwakarma Rashi , Dhar Dolly Wattal , Jena Mrutyunjay , Shukla Madhulika
Published: April 2020

In the present study, 24 green microalgae strains were isolated from selected aquatic sites of India. These were microscopically identified as Chlamydomonas sp., Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., Dictyosphaerium sp. and Dunaliella sp. Nannochloropsis sp. (MCC 25), was used as a reference strain. Results showed that Dictyosphaerium sp. (MCC 10 and MCC 12) showed relatively higher nutritive content. The total soluble proteins in the reference strain was 21.4%, whereas it showed carbohydrate content of 17.2% and the lipids were 3.4% on a dry weight basis. Best performing strains were identified by biochemical characterization. Five genera were selected for molecular identification since they were the most representative based upon their area of isolation and their optimum content of total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. 18S rRNA sequencing authenticated their identification as Scenedesmus sp., Dictyosphaerium sp. and Chlorella sp. The sequences of these have been submitted in NCBI database with accession numbers as KT808247–KT808251. The correlation matrix showed positive correlation between carbohydrates and lipids, while negative correlation was seen between proteins and carbohydrates and between proteins and lipids. This study emphasizes the need for complete compositional analysis of the biomass for the possible applicability in the area of value addition.
Crítica a los mitos acerca de las migraciones centroamericanas a la frontera sur de México
Authors: Casillas R. Rodolfo , Castillo G. Manuel Ángel , Muñoz R. Laura
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo intenta plantear y enfocar los distintos fenómenos migratorios que ocurren en la frontera sur de México. Como punto de partida, presenta algunas de las ideas que han proliferado en torno a las migraciones hacia la frontera sur de México, muchas de las cuales son comunes a las de otros contextos fronterizos. Como parte de un proyecto de investigación desarrollado se hace uso de las indagaciones de campo realizadas en la región del Soconusco, en el Estado de Chiapas. En base a los resultados debe enfatizarse que la carencia de conocimientos requiere de estudios más profundos y diversos enfocados al análisis de otros flujos migratorios y se puede concluir que la forma adecuada de enfrentar este fenómeno no radica en las medidas de control, sino más bien en la oportuna contribución para solucionar los problemas de origen.
Conformación histórica de la región del Soconusco, Chiapas
Authors: Damián Araceli
Published: April 2020

El interés de este artículo es presentar los aspectos históricos más importantes que han dado como resultado la conformación y consolidación de la región del Soconusco en el estado de Chiapas. Este trabajo parte de una ubicación en términos territoriales y geográficos para pasar posteriormente al análisis de su desarrollo como región y sus vínculos con Guatemala. Intenta ubicar la participación de los distintos agentes involucrados en este proceso y distinguir cómo han respondido a los distintos cambios que se han dado, cuáles han sido los principales elementos que han permitido identificar a la zona como una región y cuáles han sido las principales repercusiones que ha tenido todo ello dentro de la organización social. Los procesos demográficos de esta región están ligados con las migraciones temporales de trabajadores hacia la zona haciendo resaltar la estrecha relación que guarda con Centroamérica, especialmente con Guatemala.
Türkiye’de Covid-19 Pandemisinin Monitörizasyonu Için Interaktif Ve Gerçek Zamanlı Bir Web Uygulaması: TURCOVID19
Authors: UÇAR Abdullah , ARSLAN Şeyma , MANAP Hatice , GÜRKAN Tuğba , ÇALIŞKAN Mihriban , DAYIOĞLU Asel , EFE Hande , YILMAZ Mustafa , İBRAHİMOĞLU Ayşe , GÜLTEKİN Efser , DURNA Rabia , BAŞAR Rümeysa , OSMANOĞLU Fatma , ÖREN Songül
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 pandemisinin toplumda hızlı ilerleyişini gerçek zamanlı izlemek ve değerlendirmek için Türkiye COVID-19 Pandemi İzlem Ekranı (TURCOVID19) adıyla interaktif bir platform oluşturulmuştur. 21 Mart’ta yayına giren TURCOVID19’da Türkiye’deki hasta, vefat, iyileşen, uygulanan test sayıları, vaka ölümlülük oranı (VÖO), yoğun bakım yatışı, entübe hasta kategorilerindeki veriler günlük ve kümülatif değerler olarak görselleştirilmektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin durumu 15 ülke ile karşılaştırılmaktadır. Ek olarak tüm dünyadaki hasta ve vefat sayıları gerçek zamanlı olarak sunulmakta, Türkiye ve diğer ülkelerde ölüm artış hızının ikiye katlanma süresi gerçek zamanlı sunulmaktadır. Sunulan görsellerin açıklamaları da bilgi notu olarak yer almaktadır. Uygulama sayesinde salgın seyri monitörize edilmekte, başta bilim insanları ve karar vericiler olmak üzere görsel içerikler kamuya kullanıcı dostu bir uygulama ile sunulmaktadır.
Influence of the surface water reservoir to the thermal regime of frozen ground
Authors: Gorelik Jacob B. , Zemerov Ilya V.
Published: April 2020

Excessive flooding of the built-up territories in the areas of permafrost soils often occurs due to changes in natural factors (including climatic) or design deficiencies and can negatively affect frozen soils for a long time. Currently, there is no complete methodology for calculating this effect. The solution to this problem is closely related to clarifying the nature of the formation of temperature shift, which at the moment is not clear enough. The aim of the work is to create a methodology for predicting changes in soil temperature in the event of a shallow reservoir on its surface
In the first part of the article, the simplest theoretical model of the phenomenon of temperature shift is proposed, on the basis of which fairly convenient analytical expressions are obtained for the average annual temperature at the bottom of the active layer, depending on climatic factors and soil properties. The model most clearly demonstrates the nature of the occurrence of the phenomenon and can be used for simple assessments, as well as in the educational process. In particular, it is demonstrated that the magnitude of the shift is caused not only by the difference in the thermophysical characteristics of thawed and frozen soil, but also by the asymmetry of climatic parameters.
In the second part of the article, using the quasistationary methods, calculations of the predicted temperature of the soil when a reservoir of a given depth on its surface occurs. Unlike previously used methods, the predicted parameters of the soil are counted from its unperturbed state, which is determined by the authors previously proposed method, which allows us to evaluate the direction of the changes (towards cooling or warming). It is shown that the influence of a shallow (up to a meter deep) surface water body on the temperature of frozen soils substantially depends on the process of mixing water in the summer. For the first time, the direction of these processes has been established: with a high degree of mixing, the influence is always warming and grows with the depth of the reservoir; in the absence of mixing, the pond cools the base at shallow depths, and with an increase in depth above a certain value, an warming effect occurs, which, however, is much lower than in the presence of mixing. The practical applications of the results are considered.
Study of the soil temperature effect on the operation of a low-capacity power plant’s condenser
Authors: Kishalov Aleksandr E. , Zinnatullin Almir A.
Published: April 2020

Every year, the share of decentralized energy generation in Russia is increasing. The following factors contribute to the development of this scenario: increased wear of the country’s energy system equipment, energy shortages, and lack of centralized energy supply in a number of regions and constantly rising tariffs. One of the methods of decentralized energy generation is the use of low-capacity power plants based on the Rankine cycle with an organic working fluid. The operation of such plants requires cooling and condensation of the working fluid by transferring its heat to the environment.
This study discusses the design of such a power plant and the heat removal system to a cold source. is the authors consider the design of a condenser which is a horizontal pipeline placed in the ground. Seasonal fluctuations of the soil temperatures affect the operation of the condenser. Thereby, to ensure the stable operation of the power plant, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the effect of the annual dynamics of the soil temperature state on cooling and condensation of the coolant.
The study of the temperature fields of the soil, pipeline and working fluid, as well as the lengths required for cooling and condensation of the working fluid, was carried out in the ANSYS CFX software package for numerical hydrodynamic modeling. A homogeneous flow model was chosen to simulate the momentum and condensation of a vapor-liquid medium. Also, the calculations were conducted in a one-dimensional formulation using an engineering method.
A methodology for modeling complex processes of heat transfer to the soil using numerical modeling has been developed and verified. 12 calculations were made; the distributions of the steam dryness and temperature in the simulated region depending on the time of the year were obtained. The functions of the total length of the pipeline, cooling and condensation lengths on the soil temperature are analyzed. It has been established that the harmonic change in the temperature of the soil set as the initial condition determines a similar change in the lengths required for cooling and condensation of the working fluid.
Using this technique, it is possible to calculate pipelines of more complex shapes. The obtained temperature distributions in cross sections allow to establish the optimal distance between the axes of the pipes when designing a condenser in the form of a bundle of horizontal pipes or a bent pipeline.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Bilimsel Yaratıcılık Düzeylerini Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: İnel Ekici Doç.dr.didem , Tanır Halil
Published: April 2020

Öğrencilerin bilimsel yaratıcılıklarının geliştirilmesi, öğrenme ve öğretme sürecinin önemli hedeflerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle özellikle küçük yaş grubundaki öğrencilerin bilimsel yaratıcılıklarını etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada da ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilimsel yaratıcılık düzeylerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Hu ve Adey (2002) tarafından geliştirilen Deniş-Çeliker ve Balım (2012) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Bilimsel Yaratıcılık Testi” ve açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Mevcut durumu belirlemeye amaçlayan ve nitel verilere dayanan bu araştırma bir örnek olay çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarının belirlenmesinde amaçlı örneklem seçim yöntemlerinden aykırı durum örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya Konya ilindeki bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören öğrencilerden bilimsel yaratıcılık testi puanlarına göre seçilen 32 ortaokul öğrencisi katılmıştır. Elde edilen nitel veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve öğrencilerin ifadeleri bilimin doğasına ilişkin farkındalık, fen dersine ilişkin etkinlikler, ailelerin destek ve yönlendirmesi olmak üzere üç ana tema altında yorumlanmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda öğrencilerin bilimin doğasına ilişkin farkındalıklarının, fen dersine ilişkin okul dışında ve okulda gerçekleştirmiş oldukları etkinliklerin çeşidinin ve sıklığının, ailelerinin fen konularına ilişkin kendilerine göstermiş oldukları destek ve bu konudaki yönlendirmelerinin öğrencilerin bilimsel yaratıcılıklarını olumlu yönde etkileyen faktörler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre öğrencilerin bilimsel yaratıcılıklarını zenginleştirmek için, bilimin doğasına ilişkin farkındalıklarının artırılması, fen dersinde daha aktif katıldıkları ve grup çalışmaları içeren etkinliklere daha sık yer verilmesi önerilebilir.
Helicobacter suis Infection in Mouse Induced not Only Gastric, but Hepatic and Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma: Relation to Substance P
Authors: Nakamura Masahiko , Kodama Yosuke , Øverby Anders , Takahashi Shinichi , Ohshima Koichi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Murayama Somay Y. , Matsui Hidenori
Published: April 2020

Background:

The hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
lymphoma) is clinically occasionally observed but its pathogenesis is unknown and thought to be important to
establish the treatment strategy.

Objectives:

The present study was designed to clarify the characteristics of these lymphomas and the effect of the
Helicobacter eradication regimen and substance P antagonist.

Methods:

After the long term infection of Helicobacter suis to the C57BL/6 mice stomach, the whole organ was
surveyed pathologically. Histochemical characteristics of the lesion and the localization of bacteria were observed.
In addition, the effect of the administration of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor or the substance P
antagonist was investigated.

Results:

We have detected the hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma after the long term infection. In situ
hybridization study revealed the positive reaction of Helicobacter suis in the hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma.
After the administration of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor, the bacterial number has significantly
decreased and the tumor size in the fundus, liver and lung markedly reduced. Substance P immunoreactivity was
clearly shown in the lymphoma cells in the liver and lung, and the spantide II administration induced the marked
decrease in the size of tumors.

Conclusion:

By our experiments using the long term infection of Helicobacter suis to the C57BL/6 mice, we
have detected the liver and pulmonary MALT lymphoma. In situ hybridization study suggested the direct interaction
of this bacterium to the etiology of these lesions. Substance P within the lymphoma cells was suggested to
work on the maintenance of the extragastric MALT lymphoma.
The Therapeutic Potential of MEK1/2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers: Rational Strategies and Recent Progress
Authors: Ghanaatgar-Kasbi Sadaf , Khazaei Majid , Rastgar-Moghadam Azam , Ferns Gordon A. , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Avan Amir
Published: April 2020

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is among the key factors in numerous
cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target in
gynecological cancer. MAPKs connect gene expression pathways and external stimulations. They
include a network consisting of Ras, Raf or MAP3K, MEK or MAP2K, ERK or MAPK. Among
these, MEK is an attractive molecular target of novel cancer therapeutics as it joints upstream activators
and their corresponding downstream targets. MEK inhibitors were among the first inhibitors of
the MAPK pathway entering into clinical trials. Several drugs have recently been developed as MEK
inhibitors. MEK1/2 inhibitors demonstrate promising efficacy and anticancer activity to treat this
malignancy and captured much attention in the past decade. Here, we summarize the role of
MAPK/MEK/ERK pathway in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancer, with particular emphasis
on MEK inhibitors in clinical settings, including PD-0325901, Selumetinib, Cobimetinib, Refametinib,
Trametinib, Pimasertib, MEK162 and WX-554 in gynecologic cancers.
Targeting IDH Mutations in AML: Wielding the Double-edged Sword of Differentiation
Authors: Becker Justin S. , Fathi Amir T.
Published: April 2020

The genomic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by DNA sequencing has
illuminated subclasses of the disease, with distinct driver mutations, that might be responsive to targeted
therapies. Approximately 15-23% of AML genomes harbor mutations in one of two isoforms
of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2). These enzymes are constitutive mediators of basic cellular
metabolism, but their mutated forms in cancer synthesize an abnormal metabolite, 2-
hydroxyglutarate, that in turn acts as a competitive inhibitor of multiple gene regulatory enzymes.
As a result, leukemic IDH mutations cause changes in genome structure and gene activity, culminating
in an arrest of normal myeloid differentiation. These discoveries have motivated the development
of a new class of selective small molecules with the ability to inhibit the mutant IDH enzymes
while sparing normal cellular metabolism. These agents have shown promising anti-leukemic activity
in animal models and early clinical trials, and are now entering Phase 3 study. This review will
focus on the growing preclinical and clinical data evaluating IDH inhibitors for the treatment of
IDH-mutated AML. These data suggest that inducing cellular differentiation is central to the mechanism
of clinical efficacy for IDH inhibitors, while also mediating toxicity for patients who experience
IDH Differentiation Syndrome. Ongoing trials are studying the efficacy of IDH inhibitors in
combination with other AML therapies, both to evaluate potential synergistic combinations as well
as to identify the appropriate place for IDH inhibitors within existing standard-of-care regimens.
Systematic Literature Review on strengthening Eye Care Follow-Up Among Glaucoma Patients in Limpopo Province
Authors: Tshivhase Shonisani
Published: April 2020

Background:

Adherence to prescribed glaucoma medications is often poor and proper adherence can be challenging for most patients

Objective:

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify and evaluate studies that have tested the impact of each intervention on glaucoma adherence based on their quality outcome measure.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of database was conducted from January 2009 to January 2019. We systematically reviewed the literature and identified sixteen studies that used educational interventions to improve glaucoma medication adherence. Eleven out of 16 eligible studies were subjected to Randomized Controlled Trial (RCTs) and the remaining four were reviewed as observational studies. One study was reviewed through both observational plus randomized control trial method.

Results:

Out of the eleven (68.75%) RCTs interventions done, five (31.25%) showed improvement in medication adherence and persistence with eye drop instillation, whereas (n=6) did not show any significant improvement on their medication adherence. The quality of each study was evaluated using the Jadad score calculation and the Ottawa-Newcastle.

Conclusion:

Using information from this systematic review and Health Behavior Model, we created a theoretical framework to illustrate how counseling and education can improve medication adherence amongst glaucoma patients in the country.
Meta-Analysis of Expression of the Stress Tolerance Associated Genes and Uncover their Cis-Regulatory Elements in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Shariatipour Nikwan , Heidari Bahram
Published: April 2020

Background:

Rice contributes to the staple food of more than half of the world’s population. However, its productivity is influenced by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic engineering and plant breeding tools help to overcome the adverse effects of environmental stresses. The advanced bioinformatics tools provide information for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying stress tolerance, gene expression profiles and functions of the important genes and cis-regulatory elements involved in better performance under abiotic stresses.

Objective:

To identify the key genes involved in the tolerance mechanism for abiotic stresses and their regulatory networks in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Methods:

A total of 152 various microarray datasets associated with nine rice trials were retrieved for expression meta-analysis through various bioinformatics tools.

Results:

The results indicated that 29593, 202798, 73224 and 25241 genes represented significant differential expression under cold, drought, salinity and heat stress conditions compared with the control condition, respectively. Twenty three highly overexpressed genes were identified under the evaluated abiotic stresses. The transcription regulatory activity of differentially expressed genes was mainly due to hormone, light and stress-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements among which ABRE, ARE, CGTCA-motif, GARE-motif, TGACG-motif, G-box, G-Box, GAG-motif, GA-motif, TCT-motif, Box 4, Sp1, HSE, MBS and TC-rich repeats were the most important in the promoter sites of the identified up-regulated genes. The results of cis-acting regulatory analysis suggest that 15 cis-acting regulatory elements were contributed to the tolerance mechanisms for abiotic stresses.

Conclusion:

The result of expression meta-analysis in this study provides an insight for plant breeders for better understanding the function of the genes and their regulatory mechanism in plants (especially cereals) exposed to different abiotic stresses. The outcome of this study suggests practical approaches for designing unified breeding programmes to breed multi-abiotic stress-tolerant species.
Talin-1 Gene Expression as a Tumor Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mohamed Amal A. , El-Toukhy Naglaa , Ghaith Doaa M. , Badawy Ingy , Abdo Sara M. , Elkadeem Mahmoud , Mahrous Mohamed N. , Abd-Elsalam Sherief
Published: April 2020

Background & Aims:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor. It is the second most common cancer in men and the sixth in women in Egypt. One of the proteins participating in the trans-endothelial migration is Talin-1. It also has a role in the formation and metastasis of different types of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic impact of Talin-1 gene expression in HCC Egyptian patients.

Methods:

Our study included forty HCC patients, thirty liver cirrhosis patients without HCC and thirty healthy subjects. For all groups, clinical and biochemical parameters were investigated. Tumor characteristics were assessed and tumor staging was done using Okuda, CLIP, VISUM and Tokyo staging systems. In addition, Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels were assayed using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and Talin-1 gene expression was assessed in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) via quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Results:

Talin-1 gene expression was significantly upregulated in HCC patients in comparison to cirrhotic and control subjects. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that Talin-1 gene expression surpasses serum levels of AFP in the diagnosis of HCC. In particular, the cut off value of 9.5 (2-∆∆Ct) recorded an AUC of 85.7% with a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 80%.

Conclusion:

Our data confirmed an évident diagnostic role of Talin-1 gene expression for HCC detection.
SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL E A PRESUNÇÃO DE INOCÊNCIA: ATIVISMO, CONTEXTO E AÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiana Alves , Arantes Rogério Bastos
Published: April 2020

Este artigo explora o julgamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) que reverteu seu posicionamento anterior sobre a presunção de inocência, passando a admitir a execução da pena a partir da decisão condenatória em segunda instância. Como explicar essa mudança de interpretação constitucional? Procedeu-se à análise qualitativa dos votos e julgamentos, orientada pelo exame i) do modo pelo qual se operou o poder de agenda da Corte; ii) da coerência (ou sua falta) dos argumentos expostos nos votos dos ministros; e iii) de possíveis efeitos da decisão sobre os rumos da operação Lava Jato. A análise permite concluir que a ratio decidendi da Corte passou de questões técnico-jurídicas para a busca de efetividade da jurisdição penal. Não sem agregar elementos contextuais na explicação, o artigo sugere que a ação do STF visou remodelar o arranjo institucional da justiça criminal, sob o impacto da operação Lava Jato, reforçando especialmente o estímulo à celebração de colaborações premiadas, diante do risco mais iminente de encarceramento decorrente da nova jurisprudência. A ação estratégica da Corte leva a um debate que vai além da judicialização da política e envolve o ativismo judicial na remodelagem de regras institucionais, no campo do combate à criminalidade de colarinho branco e da classe política.
PROPORCIONALIDADE NO SUPREMO: UMA IDEIA FORA DO LUGAR
Authors: Lima Rafael Bellem de
Published: April 2020

A proporcionalidade ganhou destaque, nas últimas décadas, como uma das principais técnicas de argumentação no direito constitucional. Desenvolvido na Alemanha, este método estruturado de fundamentação de decisões sobre a admissibilidade de restrições a direitos constitucionais difundiu-se amplamente escala global. Embora a concepção e disseminação internacional da proporcionalidade possam ser justificadas pela sua potencial contribuição para o processo de justificação da atividade estatal por meio do controle judicial, no Brasil, o recurso a esta técnica tem sido criticado por provocar consequências opostas. Ao recorrer à proporcionalidade como uma ferramenta retórica, distorcendo sua estrutura e suas exigências argumentativas a fim de conferir uma pretensa sofisticação teórica e legitimar suas posições individuais, os Ministros Supremo Tribunal Federal contribuem para esse fenômeno de reprodução imprópria de uma ideia estrangeira com consequências nocivas para o direito brasileiro.
REALISMOS JURÍDICOS, DIREITO EM AÇÃO E O ESTUDO EMPÍRICO DAS INSTITUIÇÕES
Authors: Lucas Daniel De Souza
Published: April 2020

A perspectiva realista do direito importa em uma visão empiricamente orientada para o desenvolvimento das instituições a partir da análise da evolução histórica, bem como da reflexividade e interação recíproca entre relações jurídicas e sociais. No cenário contemporâneo brasileiro, a investigação do realismo institucional pressupõe o estudo profundo do papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), merecendo o exame detalhado das relações políticas em que o Tribunal está inserido e o mapeamento existencial das emoções e sentimentos que permeiam o Supremo.
Mediale patellaluxatie bij de hond
Authors: Verhoeven G. , Dallago M.
Published: April 2020

Mediale patellaluxatie is een veel voorkomende aandoening bij de hond. Het komt het vaakst voor bij kleine honden maar grote hondenrassen kunnen zeker ook aangetast zijn. De meest voorkomende oorzaak van patellaluxatie is van congenitale oorsprong. Een traumatische oorzaak is zeldzaam. De origine van deze aandoening ligt in een verplaatsing van de krachten van het quadricepsmechanisme die tot misvorming van de femur, tibia en patella kan leiden. Therapeutische en chirurgische opties voor mediale patellaluxatie zijn reeds veelvuldig beschreven. In dit artikel wordt een samenvatting gegeven van de verschillende behandelingsopties en hun mogelijke complicaties.
‘Thunder Measure Vet Device’: een praktische en objectieve methode om de lichaamsconditie van melkvee te schatten
Authors: Dewaele T. , Van Eetvelde M. , Vertenten G. , Opsomer G.
Published: April 2020

Het op regelmatige tijdstippen bepalen van de lichaamsconditie van koeien is in de moderne melkveehouderij een belangrijk instrument om het nutritionele management van de dieren te optimaliseren. De ‘Thunder Measure (TM) Vet Device’ werd door Ingenera SA, Zwitserland ontwikkeld om op een objectieve en eenvoudige manier de conditie of “body condition score” (BCS) bij melkkoeien te bepalen. Aan de hand van een smartphone-applicatie gekoppeld aan een lasertoestel wordt een analyse gemaakt van drie foto’s van de dorsale zijde van het dier, bijvoorbeeld in de voedergang. In dit onderzoek werden de correlatie en de herhaalbaarheid van de TMVet Device berekend in vergelijking tot de conventionele BCS-bepaling en de ultrasonografisch bepaalde “backfat thickness” (BFT). De conventionele BCS werd gemeten door een dierenarts ervaren in het bepalen van de conditie van melkkoeien en drie minder ervaren studenten diergeneeskunde. Bij dezelfde koeien werd de lichaamsconditie ook bepaald aan de hand van de BFT. De resultaten bekomen via het gebruik van de TM-Vet Device waren slechts matig gecorreleerd met de BFT (r=0,38; P<0,001), maar vertoonden een hoge correlatie met de BCS bepaald door de ervaren dierenarts (r=0,82; P<0,001). Bovendien was er een goede overeenkomst tussen de resultaten bekomen met behulp van TM-Vet Device en deze bekomen door de ervaren dierenarts. Er werd een grote variatie gezien in de BCS bepaald door de studenten, waardoor ook de correlatie met de TM-Vet Device sterk varieerde van r=0,23 (P<0,05) tot r=0,74 (P<0,001). De herhaalbaarheid van de TM-Vet Device-methode was met 91% zeer hoog. Enkel door de dierenarts ervaren in het scoren van de BCS (93%) en met de bepaling van de BFT (96%) werd een hogere herhaalbaarheid bereikt. Bij magerdere dieren werd een overschatting gezien van de BCS gemeten met behulp van de TM-Vet Device in vergelijking met de BCS waargenomen door de ervaren dierenarts, maar deze nam af naarmate de door de dierenarts toegekende conditie toenam. Het eenvoudig gebruik en de betrouwbaarheid van de resultaten laten toe te stellen dat de TM-Vet Device een plaats kan krijgen in het management van een hoogproductief melkveebedrijf.
Frequentieschatting van ziekteveroorzakende mutaties in de Belgische populatie van enkele hondenrassen: Deel 1: herders
Authors: Beckers E. , Van Poucke M. , Ronsyn L. , Peelman L.
Published: April 2020

Om gerichter fokadvies te kunnen geven, werd de frequentie geschat van alle ziekteveroorzakende mutaties die bekend waren bij de start van de studie en potentieel relevant zijn voor een aantal hondenrassen die relatief populair zijn of waarvan de genetische diversiteit in België laag tot middelmatig laag is. De resultaten voor de Duitse herder, Mechelse herder, Lakense herder, groenendaeler, Tervurense herder, Australische herder en bordercollie worden hier besproken. Aandoeningen met een frequentie hoog genoeg om deze routinematig te genotyperen voor fokprogramma’s zijn (1) “multidrug resistance 1” en “hereditary cataract” voor de Australische herder, (2) degeneratieve myelopathie voor de Duitse herder, de Mechelse herder en de groenendaeler en (3) “collie eye anomaly” voor de bordercollie. De hyperuricosurie-mutatie, beschreven bij de Duitse herder, werd in deze studie niet aangetroffen bij dit ras, maar werd volgens de auteurs wel voor het eerst vastgesteld bij de Mechelse herder.
Fysiotherapie bij kleine huisdieren
Authors: Samoy Y. , Van Ryssen B. , Saunders J.
Published: April 2020

De voordelen van fysiotherapie zijn reeds lang bekend in de humane geneeskunde. Ook in de diergeneeskunde wordt de therapie reeds enkele decennia toegepast, maar het is pas vrij recentelijk dat er ook wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar verricht wordt. Het doel van dit artikel is een overzicht te geven van de verschillende fysiotherapeutische mogelijkheden en technieken in de diergeneeskunde en deze te correleren aan de bevindingen die te vinden zijn in de literatuur.