bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PENGGUNAAN KOMIK SEBAGAIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MATERI PECAHAN SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Febriyandani Riskika , Kowiyah Kowiyah
Published: May 2022

Abstract :Mathematics is a universal science and the basis of the development of modern technology. Mathematics plays an important role in the development of other sciences because it can answer questions in life quickly and precisely and can be explained including fractional material in mathematics. Several factors are supported in learning outcomes, one of which is the application of learning media. The learning media used to require interest and motivation to learn is comic media. The comic media that uses print technology in the form of a book and has a very interesting story concept will be developed by the researcher. The purpose of this analysis is only to understand the media commonly applied by educators when learning mathematics, especially fractions. This research is included in survey research with file collection techniques through questionnaires and questionnaires which are categorized according to the needs of the target. The results show that the use of learning media is 94%, the use of comics media is 26%, and the positive response to the existence of comics in mathematics learning is 58%.Keywords : Learning Media Development, Comic Media, FractionAbstrak:Matematika ilmu universal dan dasar dari perkembangan teknologi modern. Matematika berperan penting dalam perkembangan ilmu-ilmu lain karena dapat menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dalam kehidupan dengan cepat dan tepat serta dapat dijelaskan termasuk materi pecahan dalam matematika. Beberapa factor yang didukung dalam hasil belajar salah satunya adalah penerapan media pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk membutuhkan minat dan motivasi belajar adalah media komik. Media komik yang menggunakan teknologi cetak yang berbentuk buku dan terdapat konsep cerita yang sangat menarik inilah yang akan dikembangkan oleh peneliti. Tujuan analisis ini hanya untuk memahami media yang biasa diterapkan oleh pendidik pada saat pembelajaran matematika terutama materi pecahan. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan angket yang dikategorikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan target. Didapatkan hasil bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran sebesar 94%, penggunaan media komik sebesar 26%, dan tanggapan positif adanya komik dalam pembelajaran matematika sebesar 58%.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran, Media Komik, Pecahan
Sardi, Valeria y Tosi, Carolina. (2021). Lenguaje inclusivo y ESI en las aulas. Propuestas teórico-prácticas para un debate en curso. Buenos Aires: Paidós. 248 páginas, ISBN: 978-950-12-9904-5
Authors: Sánchez Camila Victoria
Published: May 2022

Reseña de Sardi, Valeria y Tosi, Carolina. (2021). Lenguaje inclusivo y ESI en las aulas. Propuestas teórico-prácticas para un debate en curso. Buenos Aires: Paidós. 248 páginas, ISBN: 978-950-12-9904-5
Las posibilidades individuales de acceso en el Sistema Universal de Protección de los Derechos Humanos:
Authors: Pinho De Oliveira Maria Fatima , Marin Herrera Amelia Adriana
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer las posibilidades que tienen los individuos como sujetos de derecho internacional para acceder ante el Sistema Universal de Protección de los Derechos Humanos con la finalidad de presentar sus denuncias. Se utilizaron los métodos analíticos de fuentes documentales. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto se realizó una investigación documental y de nivel descriptivo, con énfasis en las normas internacionales que regulan la materia. La investigación está dividida en 3 partes: en la primera parte una breve introducción sobre el sistema de protección de Derechos Humanos; en la segunda parte sobre  el Sistema Universal de Protección de los DDDH y en la tercera parte se presentan los Sistemas Regionales de Protección de los DDDH que son tres: el Sistema Europeo, el Sistema Interamericano y el Sistema Africano. Es importante destacar que la dimensión activa de la subjetividad jurídica internacional del individuo, depende del grado de progreso en la materia que presente el sistema regional o  la instancia internacional ante la cual se demande.
Tasas de interés y derechos humanos
Authors: Pahnecke Oliver , Bohoslavsky Juan Pablo
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo propone una innovadora interpretación basada en los derechos humanos, en la que las tasas de interés y las primas de riesgo aplicadas en préstamos públicos y privados, puedan ser ajustadas luego de cumplirse el pago completo del capital.

La/os prestataria/os de riesgo pagan más por el mismo préstamo que la/os clienta/es de bajo riesgo debido a las tasas de interés ponderadas por riesgo, las cuales encuentran su justificación en la ausencia o calidad de las garantías reales. Mientras esta perspectiva trata como intercambiables a las garantías reales y a las primas de riesgo, es sólo la garantía real la que se reembolsa una vez culminado el contrato, no así la prima de riesgo. La práctica de cobrar una prima de riesgo además de la tasa preferencial se encuentra justificada legalmente, debido a que sirve como protección de la propiedad del/de la prestamista en un contexto de riesgo, al acelerar la devolución del capital.

Sin embargo, este artículo argumenta que la diferencia de pre[1]cio pierde su justificación económica y legal una vez cumplido el propósito de la prima de riesgo de asegurar el pago del capital. Más aún, la prima de riesgo se convierte en una forma de discriminación económica, ya que injustificadamente impone una mayor carga sobre la/os clienta/es de riesgo por sobre la/os clienta/es de bajo riesgo. Además, este artículo demuestra que dicha prima de riesgo no puede considerarse una mera compensación que un/a prestatario/a de riesgo debe pagar por el incremento del riesgo del/de la prestamista. Según esta interpretación, ajustar la tasa de interés y la prima de riesgo una vez cumplido el pago completo del capital es un requerimiento legal, ya que evita dicha forma de discriminación al asegurarse el mismo tratamiento a toda/os la/ os prestataria/os. Este razonamiento encuentra sus fundamentos en el derecho contractual, el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y en las regulaciones financieras internacionales. Más aún, este enfoque podría liberar recursos dentro del actual y dramático contexto sufrido a causa del Covid-19, en donde el espacio fiscal y los ingresos de los hogares deben ser destinados a salvar vidas y a garantizar la satisfacción de derechos económicos y sociales básicos.
¿Por qué importa la interseccionalidad en el trabajo judicial?
Authors: Lerussi Romina
Published: May 2022

En las primeras dos décadas de este nuevo siglo hemos visto un progresivo interés por parte de las instituciones judiciales latinoamericanas en introducir enfoques interseccionales de derechos humanos en el trabajo judicial. Este interés se sitúa en el marco de la elaboración de documentos jurídicos internacionales que se han transformado en requisitos normativos más o menos vinculantes según el lugar. Y, a su vez, este interés tiene sus fuentes en la teoría y praxis colectiva de movimientos feministas, disidentes y de derechos humanos y en la propia dinámica de incidencia en la acción legislativa y en el sistema judicial. Esto ha traído aparejado una serie de problemas hermenéuticos de mayor o menor gravedad referidos a las categorías y a los enfoques de dichos instrumentos legales para pasar de la mera enunciación formal a transformarse en herramientas de trabajo e interpretación judicial. En el presente texto presento una serie de dilemas epistémicos que atraviesan a la categoría de interseccionalidad en el derecho como imposibilidad. Luego, repongo razones desde la teoría feminista del derecho para abrirla como posibilidad a partir de la categoría de experiencia interseccional de Crenshaw (1989). Finalmente, sitúo esta labor en el trabajo judicial en tres niveles que quizás pueden abonar a una justicia feminista interseccional, si es que esto fuera posible.
Ponderando a ponderação: crítica à relativização de direitos fundamentais e à máxima da proporcionalidade em países desproporcionais
Authors: Simioni Rafael Lazzarotto
Published: May 2022

Esta pesquisa objetiva discutir a hegemonia da teoria da ponderação (Gewichtung) de Robert Alexy nos tribunais brasileiros. A questão central é por que uma teoria que relativiza direitos fundamentais se torna uma concepção hegemônica de interpretação, argumentação e decisão jurídica no Brasil? A concepção de princípios como mandados de otimização (Prinzipien als Optimierungsgebote) permite tanto a relativização dos direitos fundamentais-sociais, quanto um uso seletivo da ponderação. A principal hipótese levantada é a de que, devido a esse caráter relativista dos direitos fundamentais, essa teoria se tornou conveniente para países com índices brutais de desigualdades sociais, como o Brasil e demais países latino-americanos. Para serem alcançados esses resultados, utiliza-se uma metodologia de análise da relação entre os motivos que justificam as decisões conceituais de Robert Alexy e as razões – ou falta delas – invocadas em precedentes exemplares do STF, de modo a se estabelecer uma reflexão crítica sobre a estrutura discursiva que essa teoria propicia para a justificação de possíveis relativizações seletivas de direitos fundamentais. Como resultado, observa-se que a teoria da ponderação é uma concepção de interpretação, argumentação e decisão jurídica que transforma profundamente o conceito de princípio, de modo inadequado para sociedades periféricas e desiguais como o Brasil.
Construction of a Narrativeabout Socialist Realism in English-Language Art Criticism Discourse (based on Texts of Matthew Bown)
Authors: Streltsova A. V. , Petukhova T. I. , Khomyakova E. G.
Published: May 2022

Based on the texts of the British expert Matthew Bown, the article deals with the issue of constructing a narrative about the Soviet fine arts. The aim of the study is to analyze the patterns of narrative formation and identify its significant elements. The frame CREATING NEW ART serves as the cognitive basis of the narrative. This frame is characterized by variability and has two main configurations, which can be represented as two scenarios. These scenarios differ in the composition of the actors and the content of the tasks they solve. The actors of the first scenario, actualized in the narrative within the framework of the “friend or foe” opposition, are the ideologists of socialist realism, party leaders and representatives of the creative elite. Their tasks include the formation of the ideology and content of the new art. The actors of the second scenario, updated within the framework of the opposition “self / other”, are Soviet artists. Their task is to develop a language of art that meets ideological requirements and at the same time realizes their creative potential. The article substantiates M. Baun’s willingness to see in socialist realism not only an ideological trend, but also a significant artistic direction. This approach contributes to the disclosure of the value component of socialist realism painting and the transmission of the historical cultural memory of this phenomenon to the world community.
Formal and Semantic Structure of Contexts of Text Clip AND THEN
Authors: Sheremetyeva E. S. , Cao Xiaomin
Published: May 2022

The textual clip AND THEN from the point of view of its formation as a service unit and from the point of view of the specifics of the contexts in which it functions is considered. The research material is taken from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the object of study is of interest both in terms of a multidimensional study of the system of functional words in general and specialized means of text communication, in particular, and in the aspect of studying the principles of organizing the text itself, forming its content and structure. It is argued that the semantics of succession the elements that make up the clip AND THEN was the basis for the development of the textual function of the clip. The connective semantics of the clip is substantiated on the basis of its function of introducing an additional message and a marker for changing the aspect of the discussion of one topic. It is proved that the textual clip does not indicate the relationship of succession between propositions, but the sequence in the development of the speaker’s thought. Particular attention is paid to the classification of typical contexts of the clip, built considering the nature of the relationships within the text fragments connected with the clip. It is concluded that the textual clip AND THEN has both the ability to thematic organization of the text, and the signs of an indicator of logical-semantic relations.
Narrative Strategy of Skepticism in N. Gstrein’s Novel “Die englischen Jahre”
Authors: Shastina E. M. , Kazakova Yu. K.
Published: May 2022

The novel of the modern Austrian writer Norbert Gstrein (born 1961) “Die englischen Jahre” (1999) is studied as an experience of critical rethinking of the “Austrian identity” in the context of “national identity” (R. Menasse). The relevance of the study is due to the need to comprehend the phenomenon of “Austrian literature” in the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries. A review of the most significant works of Gstrein is made, it is proved that the novel “The English Years” is a “turning point” in the writer's work. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that until now Gstrein’s work has not been an object of study in Russian literary criticism. The concept of a narrative strategy is involved in the study, the methods and specifics of the implementation of the “narrative strategy of skepticism”, which actualizes the author’s position to a critical attitude to historical events, are considered. The question is raised about the influence of the “narrative strategy of skepticism” on the reception of the novel. It is proved that the “narrative strategy of skepticism” allows us to trace the changes in the development of the plot of the novel, to identify the features of its poetics, to realize the semantic content of the text when considering the problem of identity on the example of a biographymyth. The methodological basis of the work is the research of foreign and domestic scientists concerning Austrian literature, as well as the nature of the narrative strategy implemented in the genre of the novel.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant during Great Patriotic War: Problem of Personnel and Its Solution
Authors: Pyankov S. A.
Published: May 2022

The process of the labor collective formation of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant during the Great Patriotic War is studied. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a detailed study of the mechanisms of the automotive industry functioning in the extreme conditions of the Great Patriotic War. Documents on the history of the enterprise evacuation, materials of the primary party organization of the automobile plant, office work documentation of the party and state authorities, factory and departmental reports, and eye-witness accounts of the events were used as sources. The process of creating the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, constructed on the basis of the evacuated equipment and labor resources of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I.V. Stalin (ZIS), is considered. Changes in the number and composition of the enterprise's employees during 1941—1945 are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the interdependence of the change in the number of employees of the plant on the volume of industrial output. It is concluded that thanks to the evacuation of experienced engineers, production managers and highly skilled workers, it was possible to maintain and recreate hightech production in the rear areas of the country. It was noted that the enterprises created during the evacuation laid the foundation for the development of automotive production in the Volga region and the Urals.
CINEMA in Linguistic Worldview of Russian North Villagers
Authors: Ilyina E. N.
Published: May 2022

Folk ideas about cinematic art and cinematography are studied. The recordings of the speech of the inhabitants of the Vologda Territory, made by the author of the article in the period from 1988 to 2021, as well as citation material recorded in the published issues and card file of the Dictionary of Vologda Dialects, are analyzed. A relatively late entry of cinema into the everyday life of the northern village is established (late 60s — 70s of the XX century). The priority of human biological survival in difficult natural conditions determines the attitude towards cinema as a form of spending free time in accordance with the routine of daily and calendar peasant work. The device of the village society serves as a kind of “filter” for the perception of the plotthematic, character and aesthetic components of cinema: the rural viewer perceives the sphere of cinema as bright and attractive, but nevertheless redundant for village life and unsafe for public morality. Only that which is within the circle of interests of the peasant, that is of value or anti-value for him, is verbalized. The traditional nature of the dialectal picture of the world is manifested, on the one hand, in the desire to enter a new form of “urban culture” into the circle of rural entertainment, and on the other hand, in the use of well-established lexical and phraseological means and genre forms in the practice of discussing the subject, axiological and actional components of the cinema sphere.
The Pseudo-Minoan Nestor Ring and Its Egyptian Iconography
Authors: Marinatos Nanno , Jackson Briana
Published: May 2022

The so-called Nestor Ring was found in 1924 and was accepted as authentic by Sir Arthur Evans whereas many other scholars condemned it as a forgery. In recent years, scholars have claimed its authenticity anew. This article examines the background of the find circumstances and judges them suspicious. It also adds the criterion of semantic coherence in the debate and argues that the coherence depends on Egyptian prototypes and that the use of the butterfly motif argues against the artifact’s authenticity.
Chasing Chariots: Proceedings of the First International Chariot Conference (Cairo 2012)
Authors: Veldmeijer André J. , Ikram Salima
Published: May 2022

Book announcement. This is not a book review.
Report on a Project to Synchronize Egyptian and Levantine Chronologies of the Third Millennium BCE
Authors: Sowada Karin
Published: May 2022

This is a brief report.
The El-Hassa Rams: An Example of Egyptian-Nubian Syncretism
Authors: Baldi Marco
Published: May 2022

Brief report.
Buto (Modern Name: Tell el-Faraʽîn)
Authors: Hartung Ulrich
Published: May 2022

Brief report.
Study on the impact of forest fire prevention policy on the health of forest resources
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Chen Chang , Zhang Yang , Wu Chengliang
Published: May 2022

Forest fires threaten not only the forest ecosystem but also the safety of human health and their property. The Chinese Government has issued corresponding policies to strengthen the emphasis on forest fire prevention. Therefore, this paper uses panel data from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2011 to 2018 to establish a multiple regression model to study the relationship between the forest fire prevention policy and the health of forest resources, and it draws relevant conclusions. We put forward relevant suggestions accordingly to promote the improvement of the health of forest resources.
Immigration in Romania and Romanian in-Migration in Times of Covid-19. A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Prada Elena-Maria
Published: May 2022

Immigration in Romania is a scarcely studied topic, mainly because the impact of this phenomenon is low. Romania is primarily known due to its history of emigration. This paper is a preliminary analysis of the way both temporary and permanent Romanian immigration changed at the NUTS 3 level during the 2015 migration crisis and due to COVID-19 pandemics. Internal migration was also included as the analysis was based on a component of the MASST model on in-migration, but with respect to NUTS3 level migration. The results obtained were statistically significant for the temporary migration and permanent migration. The refugees’ crisis had a direct influence on permanent migrants, while the COVID-19 pandemic left its mark on temporary migration, leading to an increase in the number of temporary migrants.
Adolescent Injury Rates
Authors: Harris Laura , Gordon Erin , Meyerhoff Lyn , Miller Boden , Overmyer Matallyn , Williams Jordyn
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of adolescent athlete injury based upon injury location, injury diagnosis, activity, playing surface, weather condition, and sport. MAIN.OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Injury frequency per injury location, diagnosis, activity, and playing surface were determined. Injury location and diagnosis frequency were reported by weather condition. Injuries per 1000 athletic exposures were analyzed by sport.
The Effects of a 6-Week Intrinsic Foot Morphology, Kinematics, and Kinetics in Individuals with Pes Planus
Authors: Marszalek Rebecca , Simon Janet , Wayner Robert
Published: May 2022

CONTEXT: The intrinsic foot muscles are vital in supporting the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. Individuals with pes planus have poor foot morphology, strength, and biomechanics, warranting an intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At pre-intervention, foot posture and arch height were assessed via the Foot Posture Index-6 and the Navicular Drop test, respectively. Cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis was assessed using ultrasound as an indirect measure of strength. Biomechanical measures, including peak rearfoot eversion, peak tibial internal rotation, peak rearfoot eversion moment, and center of pressure excursion, were collected using 3D-motion capture and an instrumented treadmill. At post-intervention, these morphological and biomechanical measures were repeated. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each dependent variable by group and time. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted for each dependent variable with the within subjects factor time and between subjects factor group.
Academic Resilience of Athletic Training Students During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gallimore Brandon , Harris Laura , Simon Janet
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: (1) To describe resilience in athletic training students enrolled in professional coursework during the spring 2020 semester, and (2) to determine the association between resilience and academic performance during the spring 2020 semester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive statistics for GPA were calculated for Fall 2019, Spring 2020, cumulative Fall 2019, cumulative Spring 2020 (ie., current), change in cumulative GPA, and ARS-30 total score. The primary analysis was a Pearson correlation between change in cumulative GPA and ARS-30 total score. A secondary analysis was conducted to evaluate change in cumulative Fall 2019 and Spring 2020 GPA with a paired t-test. Cohen’s d effect size was calculated for the paired t-test. Alpha level was set at 0.05.
A 12-year Retrospective Analysis of VO2max Values in College-aged Student Athletes
Authors: Wilson Michelle , Swanson Scott
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: To examine VO2max values in a cohort of exercise physiology students over a 12-year time period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Student’s VO2max values were examined for the effects of gender (males vs. females) and athletic status (athlete vs. non-athlete). Significance was set at p
Panorama do abastecimento de água no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Caiçara Thamires Macêdo S. A. , Teixeira Telma C. S. , Souza João Paulo M. de C. , De Souza Frank Pavan
Published: May 2022

O semiárido brasileiro é um dos mais chuvosos do mundo, no entanto, enfrenta impasses devido ao baixo índice pluviométrico e a irregularidade das chuvas, comprometendo serviços básicos de saneamento como o abastecimento de água, sendo este o objeto de estudo do presente trabalho. A análise é descritiva a partir de dados estatísticos obtidos junto a Pesquisa Nacional do Saneamento Básico (PNSB) realizada Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) nos anos de 2008 e 2017 e dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações do Saneamento, segundo dados de 2018, considerando a última delimitação da região ocorrida no ano de 2017. Os resultados evidenciaram que em referência ao abastecimento de água houve uma melhoria nos municípios que compõem o semiárido nos últimos anos.
Efeitos da ventilação mecânica não-invasiva com duas pressões no tratamento de adultos com Covid-19 que evoluíram com enfisema subcutâneo: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Ritter Wainny Rocha Guimarães , Rodrigues Wellington Francisco
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Discorrer sobre possíveis relações da Ventilação Não Invasiva (VNI) para pacientes com COVID-19 e o enfisema subcutâneo. Revisão bibliográfica: Entre as medidas de intervenção utilizados e recomendadas para a Covid-19, está a pressão positiva não-invasiva. A literatura indica uma melhora no desfecho clínico com a utilização da pressão positiva não-invasiva, entretanto a presença de efisema subcutâneo foi uma realidade para alguns pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de ventilação não-invasiva. Essa associação entre ventilação não-invasiva com o desenvolvimento de efisema subcutâneo foi intensificada para pacientes com a Covid-19. Considerações finais: O enfisema subcutâneo pode ser ocasionado tanto pelo aumento da pressão intratorácica promovida pelo uso da VNI, quanto por fragilidade do parênquima pulmonar e mecanismos inflamatórios causados pela doença. Alguns autores sugeriram que o mecanismo de formação do enfisema subcutâneo pode ser provocado pela Covid-19, que gera um dano alveolar tão intenso que torna a parede alveolar propensa a ruptura e que pode ser potencializado por qualquer fator que aumente a pressão intra-alveolar, sendo os mecanismos possíveis causadores: a tosse, o esforço inspiratório e uso da VNI.
Atuação do enfermeiro na promoção da saúde no contexto escolar
Authors: Anjos Jussara Soares Marques dos , Carneiro Ana Beatriz Farias , Melo Beatriz Rocha , Veras Igor Aquino , Ferreira Laryssa da Silveira , Fernandes Valéria Oliveira , Brasileiro Lorrane Rafaela de Souza , Barbosa Patrícia Gomes Pereira , Pereira Divinamar , Ivo Rafaela Seixas
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Registrar a experiência de acadêmicos de enfermagem na promoção de educação em saúde em ambiente escolar para adolescentes conduzidas mediante consultas de enfermagem em um Centro Educacional do Distrito Federal. Relato de experiência: Os atendimentos ocorreram no período de 2 a 16 de maio de 2022 com adolescentes entre 15 a 18 anos, dirigidos por 6 acadêmicos do Curso de Enfermagem de um Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Utilizou-se uma ficha de atendimento para realização das consultas de enfermagem com abordagem das principais demandas dos adolescentes como apoio familiar, alimentação, higiene, saúde sexual, uso de substâncias psicoativas. Considerações finais: Ao final das consultas percebeu-se que o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) configura um recurso essencial para ajudar a se atingir a meta de redução da prevalência de agravos infanto-juvenis e aumento dos índices populacionais abordados e envolvidos em estratégias formadoras de hábitos e posturas saudáveis, e que a presença  de  acadêmicos  de  enfermagem sob  supervisão  e  com  abordagem  qualificada para  o público estudantil no cenário escolar, proporciona práticas para educação em saúde favorecendo a construção de rotinas precisas para  promoção  da  saúde dos  adolescentes.
The Sign-Symbolic Level of Urban Identity of the Inhabitants of Industrial Cities of the Southern Urals
Authors: Shub Maria L.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the comprehension of the phenomenon of urban identity in general and its sign-symbolic level in particular. By urban identity in the context of the presented scientific text, we mean a set of authentic features and characteristics, inherent in a particular city, that perform an attributive function, allowing to differentiate it from other cities; the process and result of a person’s identification with the city, based on the acceptance of its identity, on the emotional entry into the space of its material and sign-symbolic environment. The sign-symbolic level of urban identity assumes personal mastering of the city’s semiotic environment, its inclusion in the space of the event and emotional experience of its inhabitants, transformation of the objects of the city’s sign-symbolic space into a set of “memory places”.

The author of the article conducted a culturological study of the urban identity of the residents of industrial cities of the Southern Urals (semi-formalized interviewing method; the array of respondents — 270 people), including its sign-symbolic component. Its specific features are culturocentricity (predominance of man-made sign-symbolic objects over natural and mixed ones); commemorativeness (dominance of memorial objects — memorial sculpture and sculptural compositions, museums, ethnoparks, historical buildings, other monuments of historical and cultural heritage — over objects of other types); retro-orientation (predominance of objects temporally associated with the past, mainly with the Soviet period); monotony (limited range of objects chosen by residents of one city); syncretism (identity of objects aimed at different audiences); collectivism (total predominance of objects — signs of group identity); centrality (centripetal localization of objects, their location mainly in the city center). The results of the conducted research allow us to speak, with a significant degree of confidence, about the very clearly manifested features of the Southern Urals cities inhabitants’ perception of their own small Homeland, about the problematic and strengths of the existing urban identity, the vectors of its correction and improvement.
Soldier Theaters in the Russian Army
Authors: Panchenko Anatoly M. , Timofeeva Yulia V.
Published: May 2022

The distraction of the population from drunkenness and from deviant forms of spending free time in general was not only an urgent socio-cultural issue, but also an important state and social task in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. One of the ways to solve this problem in the Russian army was the creation of soldier theaters in military units. On the basis of a wide range of pre-revolutionary sources, the article for the first time presents the history of the theaters creation and development. There are revealed the main purposes of the soldier theaters in the Russian army: 1) to distract from drunkenness and other forms of deviant behavior; 2) to promote the moral education of lower ranks; 3) to provide them with an alternative option for leisure — pleasant and useful. The article presents the main results of studying the book catalogs of soldiers’ libraries in order to identify in them special sections dedicated to theater publications, which allow reconstructing the potential repertoire of the soldier theaters, and when analyzing regimental histories — the real one. The article reveals the role of officers in setting up and functioning of the theaters. There is presented the experience of organizing the theaters for lower ranks in the German army of the same period, purposefully studied by official Russian agents for use in the Russian army. The conducted research made it possible to clarify the tasks of creating the soldier theaters, their repertoire and features of functioning. The revealed positive experience of conducting useful and pleasant leisure in the form of setting up soldier theaters can be useful today in organizing free time for both servicemen of the Russian army and the civilian population of the country.
Bernadine Evaristo: Horizons of Identity
Authors: Gavristova Tatiana M. , Zakharova Natalya A. , Khokholkova Nadezhda E.
Published: May 2022

The article is dedicated to the one of the most famous Afro-British writers — Bernardine Evaristo. In 2021, her book “Girl, Woman, Other” was translated and published in the Russian language. Earlier (in 2019), it had become a winner of the Booker Prize. The authors of the article focus on the problems that primarily concern the writer herself. These include feminism and gender equality, professional motivation and the texture of success, crisis and the search for identity, otherness and dissent, cross-cultural dialogue and existence on the verge of tradition, as well as the theme of the House (with a capital letter), within which, ideally, it is quite possible for representatives of different races, ethnicities and cultures to coexist.

Bernardine Evaristo tried herself as an actress, screenwriter, director, radio and TV presenter and uses the experience gained in her literary works. Their genre is difficult to define. The novel “Girl, Woman, Other” is a kind of anthology of women’s experience. Foreign criticism defines it as fusion prose (a combination of the incompatible). It contains the authenticity of non-fiction and the miracles of magic, unobtrusive notes of maternal instructions and mesmerizing rhythms of blues poetry. The author avoids capital letters in her text; there are no main or secondary characters in the book. The author gives her protagonists (there are twelve of them as the number of Christian apostles) the opportunity to recognize their selfness, expand the horizons of their own identity. Together with them — her messengers — she tries to comprehend the meaning of her own existence as a woman, as a person, as another.
The Persistent Radical Effect in Living Radical Polymerization – Borderline Cases and Side-Reactions
Authors: Fischer Hanns , Souaille Marc
Published: May 2022

A theoretical analysis of the basic mechanism of living radical polymerization provides criteria for the rate constants required for optimized processes. It is extended to cover borderline cases and important side reactions as cross-disproportionation, the role of an initial excess
of persistent species and of additional initiation.
Towards Random Polypeptide Synthesis
Authors: Thomas Richard M. , Vrijbloed Jan W. , Luisi Pier-Luigi
Published: May 2022

Modern naturally occurring proteins have been produced by a lengthy selective evolutionary process. While, in general, they are all composed of the same 20 amino acids there is a distinct bias in their average amino acid composition. This bias may have arisen due to evolutionary mechanisms,
the degeneracy of the genetic code, the primordial availability of suitable monomers, their relative reactivity or a number of other, equally speculative, causes. Mathematics appears to dictate that Nature could not have sampled all possible amino acid sequences and selected the most suitable
for a particular function, suggesting that the proteins observed today may have evolved from a relatively small number of precursors. If this is true it would imply that there is a vast set of possible proteins that have simply never existed and that may possess interesting or useful properties.
This article investigates whether the structural space occupied by proteins that do not currently exist can be sampled. One approach suggests itself – random polypeptide synthesis in which all possible residue types are inserted at all possible positions of an amino acid sequence of
a given length. It is abundantly clear that the truly random synthesis of even a small set of such protein sequences is precluded by simple mathematics. The issues that this raises are discussed and different practical approaches to the problem described.
Poly(triacetylene)s: A New Class of Linearly π-Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers with an All-carbon Backbone
Authors: Edelmann Michael J. , Odermatt Severin , Diederich François
Published: May 2022

Linearly π-conjugated polymers are intensively investigated in both academia and industry for a diversity of advanced materials applications. Polyacetylenes (PAs) and poly(diacetylene)s (PDAs) were among the earliest investigated linearly π-conjugated polymers possessing an all-carbon backbone. They actually represent the first members in an entire progression of linear all-carbon polymers which starts with polyacetylene and ultimately extends to carbyne. Here, we describe the discovery and systematic investigation of poly(triacetylene)s (PTAs), the third class of compounds in this progression. We report both the preparation of longer-chain polydisperse PTA polymers as well as the synthesis, characterization, and physical study of monodisperse oligomers with record lengths extending up to 18 nm. We show how molecular properties evolve into the saturation range with increasing oligomeric length and report several direct determinations of the effective conjugation length (ECL), i.e. the oligomeric length at which saturation of molecular properties occurs. Finally, we present a new class of hybrid oligomers and polymers, with a diversity of chromophores inserted as functional spacers into the PTA backbone for further enhancement of optoelectronic properties.
Bridging Scales in Polymer Physics and Processing
Authors: Hütter Markus , Kröger Martin , Öttinger Hans Christian , Schweizer Thomas
Published: May 2022

Understanding both the flow behavior of polymers during processing and the end-use properties of finished plastic products from a molecular picture of the constituent polymers has been a long-standing dream in polymer engineering and science. It is the goal of our work in the Polymer
Physics Group to reduce the considerable discrepancy between dream and reality. Close interaction between theory and experiment is of crucial importance for further progress towards achieving this goal. Furthermore, the bridging of the gaps between chemical polymer structure, viscoelastic
flow behavior, and non-homogeneous anisotropic properties in the solid state requires massive use of computer simulations. The Polymer Physics Group thus comprises three strongly interwoven branches, theory – experiment – simulation, as shown in this article.
Kunststofftechnik im Kanton Aargau
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

In Canton Aargau there are two institutes which are both focussed on the field of plastics technology. The University of Applied Sciences Aargau offers a specialised program in plastics technology in the faculty of Engineering Science and Technology. The focus in research and development is less on academia than on technology support for small and medium-sized companies in the plastics sector.The KATZ (Plastics Training and Technology Center) is a specialist institute in the field of plastics processing and technology transfer. The center enjoys wide-based sponsorship from industry, professional associations, universities and the Canton of Aargau.
Excursions of Synthetic Organic Chemists to the World of Oligomers and Polymers
Authors: Seebach Dieter , Beck Albert K. , Rueping Magnus , Schreiber Jürg V. , Sellner Holger
Published: May 2022

The activities of a group devoted to organic synthesis in the field of polymer and oligomer chemistry have led to new types of dendritic cross-linking compounds for the polymerization of styrene to give high-quality materials. In addition the synthesis of uniform ('monodisperse'), high-molecular
weight oligomers of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid provided samples for investigations to prove the hypothesis that polyhydroxybutyrates are natural ion-channel components in living organisms. Oligomers of ?-amino acids were prepared and have been shown to form all the secondary structures known
from natural peptides and proteins (composed of ?-amino acids), i.e. helices, pleated sheets, turns, hair pins and stacks with properties differing fundamentally from those of the natural analogs.
PyQM/MM: a Python Interface for ONIOM(QM:MM) Calculations with the AMOEBA09 Polarizable Force Field to Study the Chemical Processes in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Rathnayake P. V. G. M. , Sameera W. M. C. , Watanabe Naoki
Published: May 2022

We have developed a Python interface, PyQM/MM, to perform ONIOM(QM:MM) calculations with the AMOEBA09 polarizable force field. The ONIOM(QM:MM) implementation in PyQM/MM uses the Gaussian16 program for quantum mechanical (QM) computations and the Tinker program for molecular mechanics (MM) computations with the AMOEBA09 polarizable force field. We have used PyQM/MM, employing ONIOM(QM:AMOEBA09) method, to calculate binding energy of SH and OH radicals on amorphous solid water (ASW). Computed binding energies of SH radical are in the range of 0.10-0.36 eV, where the average binding energy is 0.22 eV. Compared to SH radical, OH radical binding energies are stronger (0.21 – 0.52 eV, and the average value is 0.36 eV). We propose that both SH and OH radicals adsorb on ASW, and SH radical binding preference is smaller than OH radical. Also, we have rationalized the mechanism for the reaction between OH anion and CO in ice using ONIOM(wB97X-D:AMOEBA09) method. The computed reaction mechanism showed a relatively low energy path to form HC(O)OH, where the OH anion is recovered during the reaction. In contrast, the reaction between OH radical CO gives rise to HOCO radical. We propose that OH anions and OH radicals in interstellar ices can react with the molecules trapped in ices to synthesize complex organic molecules. These examples evidence that PyQM/MM is a user-friendly strategy to perform ONIOM(wB97XD:AMOEBA09) calculations to study chemical processes in the interstellar medium.
Chemistries and Surface Reaction Mechanisms at the Initial Stages of Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Ru and Co on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Liu Ji , Mullins Rita , Lu Hongliang , Wei Zhang David , Nolan Michael
Published: May 2022

The early transition metals Ruthenium (Ru) and Cobalt (Co) are of high interest as alternative materials for replacing Cu in next generation interconnects. Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) is used to deposit metal thin films in high-aspect ratio structures of vias and trenches in nanoelectronic devices. At the initial stages, the surface reactions between metal precursors and substrate and corresponding chemistries are vital to understand the reaction mechanism and deposition process. But, the reaction mechanism in atomic scale is not yet understood. The reported incubation period and steady growth-per-cycle vary from report to report in the literature. In this study, we investigated the reactions between the precursors RuCp2/CoCp2 and substrate H:Si(100) to reveal the reaction mechanism in atomic scale at the initial stages of metal deposition. We investigated the chemistry and plausible Cp ligand elimination mechanism on various substrates. These include (1) bare Si(100), (2) H:Si(100), and (3) NHx-terminated Si(100) substrates. For the elimination of Cp ligands, two plausible mechanisms are proposed: (1) CpH formation and desorption via H transfer mechanism on H:Si(100) and NHx-terminated Si(100) surfaces, and (2) mechanism of metal-carbon bond breaking into metal atom and two Cp rings on bare Si(100) surface. Our results show that for CoCp2, NHx termination can promote the 1st Cp ligand elimination via CpH formation and desorption compared to H termination, where the reactions are endothermic for eliminating two Cp ligands for both RuCp2 and CoCp2. On bare Si(100) substrate, metal precursors RuCp2 and CoCp2 can undergo metal-carbon bond breaking into metal atom and two Cp rings and the overall reactions are much more exothermic than on H or NHx passivated Si(100) substrates. Our studies show that the experimentally observed incubation period at the initial stages is attributed to the surface H terminations that the surface reactivity is hindered on these H passivated Si(100) substrates. N2/H2 plasma pre-treatment on Si substrate could help to shorten the incubation period for CoCp2. The surface reactivity is highly dependent on substrate terminations, which explains why the reported incubation period and GPC vary from report to report.
Characterization of Silica Extracted from Malang Beach Sand Via Leaching and Sol-Gel Methods
Authors: Sumari Sumari , Asrori Muhammad Roy , Prakasa Yana Fajar , Baharintasari Dinar Rachmadika , Santoso Aman
Published: May 2022

Many silica minerals are found in beach sand. One of its beaches is in Bajul Mati beach sand which contains high silica. The silica can be extracted using existing methods, but it is less environmentally friendly. In this research, the extracting process of silica from the sand of Bajul Mati beach (south of Java-Indonesia) has been carried out through a method that is low cost and more environmentally friendly. The study aims to characterize extracted silica with instrumentation results, and economic analysis. The method of extracting silica from beach sand via leaching and sol-gel methods: (1) leaching with 7 M HCl (2) the formation of clear sodium silicate solution (Na2O.xSiO2); (3) sol-gel: sodium silicate solution titrated with oxalic acid (H2C2O4) 1 M until pH 6 was obtained and silicite Si(OH)4 was formed; and 4) characterization with XRF, XRD, FTIR, and SEM with economic analysis. The result showed that extracted silica has a cristobalite structure based on XRD analysis. The purity of silica (% Wt Si) reached 93.9% based on XRF analysis. FTIR analysis has identified silanol, siloxic, and siloxane groups. The SEM analysis shows that SiO2 particles tend to form agglomerations at about ∼1 μm. In addition, economic analysis results showed that this method would support implementation in the future, so silica has been produced by this advanced method.
Non-native Anionic Ligand Binding and Reactivity in Engineered Variants of the Fe(II)- and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenase, SadA
Authors: Chan Natalie H. , Gomez Christian , Vennelakanti Vyshnavi , Du Qian , Kulik Heather J. , Lewis Jared C.
Published: May 2022

Mononuclear non-heme Fe(II)- and -ketoglutarate dependent oxygenases (FeDOs) catalyze site-selective C-H hydroxylation. Variants of these enzymes in which a conserved Asp/Glu residue in the Fe(II)-binding facial triad is replaced by Ala/Gly can, in some cases, bind various anionic ligands and catalyze non-native chlorination and bromination reactions. In this study, we explore the binding of different anions to a FeDO facial triad variant, SadX, and the effects of that binding on HO• vs. X• rebound. We establish that chloride and bromide not only enable non-native halogenation reactions but that all anions investigated, including azide, cyanate, formate, and fluoride, significantly accelerate and influence the site selectivity of SadX hydroxylation catalysis. Azide and cyanate also lead to the formation of products resulting from N3•, NCO•, and OCN• rebound. While fluoride rebound is not observed, the rate acceleration provided by this ligand led us to calculate barriers for HO• and F• rebound from a putative Fe(III)(OH)(F) intermediate. These calculations suggest that the lack of fluorination is due to the relative barriers of the HO• and F• rebound transition states rather than an inaccessible barrier for F• rebound. Together, these results improve our understanding of FeDO facial triad variant tolerance of different anionic ligands, their ability to promote rebound involving those ligands, and inherent rebound preferences relative to HO• that will aid efforts to develop non-native catalysis using these enzymes.