bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithium plus antipsychotics or anticonvulsants for bipolar disorder: Comparing clinical response and metabolic changes
Authors: Köhler-Forsberg Ole , Sylvia Louisa G , Thase Michael , Calabrese Joseph R , Tohen Mauricio , Bowden Charles L , McInnis Melvin , Iosifescu Dan V , Kocsis James H , Friedman Edward S , Ketter Terence A , McElroy Susan L , Shelton Richard C , Fung Vicki , Ostacher Michael J , Nierenberg Andrew A
Published: February 2022

Objective:

Patients with bipolar disorder treated with lithium often require additional antipsychotics or anticonvulsants. However, the comparative effectiveness and safety of these agents as add-on to lithium has not been studied.

Methods:

This secondary analysis combined two similar 24-week trials on outpatients with bipolar disorder randomized to lithium (target serum level 0.4–0.6 mEq/L). Guideline-based adjunctive antipsychotics (Li+AP) and anticonvulsants (Li+AC) could be used if clinically indicated and was assessed at every study visit. Response was measured on the Clinical Global Impression scale and we performed adjusted mixed effects linear regression analyses. Analysis of variance tests compared metabolic measures including a binary diagnosis of metabolic syndrome before and after 24 weeks of treatment.

Results:

Among 379 outpatients (57% female, mean age 38 years, mean Clinical Global Impression 4.4), users of Li+AP ( N = 50, primarily quetiapine and aripiprazole) improved to a similar degree (mean Clinical Global Impression improvement = 1.6, standard deviation = 1.5) as those using lithium-only (i.e. without adjunctive antipsychotics or anticonvulsants, N = 149, mean Clinical Global Impression improvement = 1.7, standard deviation = 1.4) ( p = 0.59). Users of Li+AC ( N = 107, primarily lamotrigine and valproate, mean Clinical Global Impression improvement = 1.2, standard deviation = 1.3) and users of Li+AP+AC ( N = 73, mean Clinical Global Impression improvement = 1.1, standard deviation = 1.3) showed worse response compared to lithium-only users (all p < 0.01). When comparing Li+AP to Li+AC, users of Li+AP improved slightly better on general ( p = 0.05) and manic symptoms ( p = 0.01), but showed a worse development of glucose, triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion:

Despite treatment-by-indication confounding, these findings are relevant for real-world treatment settings and emphasize the need for randomized trials on this clinically important topic.
Small Boat Recovery Task Performance in a Moving Environment
Authors: Fosha Rebecca A. , Matsangas Panagiotis , Cravalho Patrick F. , Thornburg Kristopher M.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Assess operator performance in a simulation of US Coast Guard small boat recovery to a larger vessel on a large scale, six degree-of-freedom, full motion simulator.

Background

Studies of human performance in small boat recovery task have never been conducted on a high amplitude, low frequency simulator. Empirical evidence of small boat recovery task performance in challenging motion conditions is needed to inform future maritime systems designs.

Method

Experienced active-duty boat crewmembers ( N = 13) conducted a small boat recovery task in three sea states on the Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at the NASA Ames Research Center. Task performance was assessed using a task equivalent for time to complete the task. Participant behaviors associated with increasing motion severity were observed.

Results

Task performance declined as motion conditions became more severe. Participants were more likely to use at least one hand to maintain balance during motion conditions, becoming more frequent with increasing motion severity. Many participants used one hand to complete the task despite contrary instructions and previous experience.

Conclusion

Two design recommendations were proposed to counter declining task performance in increasingly severe motion conditions. Handholds available to participants during the task, and task design supporting single handed completion were recommended for small boat recovery systems.

Application

This research is directly applicable to gross motor tasks requiring simultaneous maintenance of balance in a maritime environment, and may be extended to other environments where humans experience complex motions while completing tasks.
Depression and suicidal ideations in relation to occupational stress in a sample of Egyptian medical residents
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Youssef , Elbatrawy Amira Naseeb , Mahmoud Dalia Abdel Moneim , Mohamed Mohamed Maged , Rabie Eman S
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Medical students, interns, and residents have higher rates of depression than the general population, according to previous literature.

Objective:

The objectives of this paper were to determine the rate of depression and its severity in a group of Egyptian residents of Ain Shams University hospitals.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional comparative study that took place in El-Demerdash Hospital from March 1, 2019 to September 1, 2020, with 220 Egyptian residents of Ain Shams University Hospitals participating.

Results:

The socioeconomic stress scale had a statistically significant relationship with depression scores ( p value = .008) and suicide scores ( p-value = .010), according to the findings. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between suicide scores and depression scores ( p-value = .001). The relationship between obstetrics and gynecology and high suicide risk was statistically significant ( p value = .010), with obstetrics and gynecology having the highest percentage of high suicide risk (10 out of 19 residents, 52.63%), followed by pediatrics with 4 out of 11 residents (36.36%).

Conclusion:

The pediatrics department had the highest percentage of residents who were depressed, while the obstetrics and gynecology department had the highest suicide risk. Feeling underpaid, disruption of home life, having insufficient time, being concerned about keeping skills up to date, and having a large volume of work were also found to be the most stressful aspects of residency.
Leveraging Cofollowership Patterns on Social Media to Identify Brand Alliance Opportunities
Authors: Malhotra Pankhuri , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha
Published: February 2022

The use of cobranding and brand extension strategies to access new markets has been a topic of significant interest. However, surprisingly few studies have examined cross-category connections of brands using publicly available digital footprints. In this study, the authors introduce a new, scalable automated approach for identifying potential cobranding and brand extension opportunities using brand networks derived from publicly available Twitter followership data. The digital user–brand relationship, established through followership activity, is regarded as an expression of interest toward the brand. Common followership patterns between brands are then extracted to capture cointerest between those brands’ audience. By utilizing the cointerest patterns, the approach aims to derive cross-category brand–brand and brand–category connections, which can serve as important measures for assessing cobranding and extensions opportunities. This article introduces a new construct, transcendence, which measures the extent to which a brand’s followers overlap with those of other brands in a new category. The analysis is conducted at different points in time to help managers track shifts in brand transcendence.
The Least Biased d to rpb-rpb to d Conversion Formula Combinations for the Meta-Analysis of Studies Using the Two Independent-Groups Design
Authors: Reed Justy
Published: February 2022

In a meta-analysis of ds, the utility of converting d to a point-biserial correlation ( rpb), correcting rpb for study artifacts, and then converting rpb back to d depends on how accurately the d to rpb- rpb to d ( dr- rd) method reproduces the original uncorrected ds. This study compared test ds ( dt) converted to dr- rd ds to control ds ( dc) to determine the dr- rd formula combinations with the least bias, defined as the difference between dr- rd ds and dc. dt were calculated with available conversion and rpb correction formulas at various base rates and SD ratios, whereas dc were calculated without conversion formulas at base rate .50 and SD ratio 1.00. Results showed that the lowest bias formula combinations reproduced dc at SD ratio 1.00, bias increased as SD ratio decreased, and formula combinations that produced the lowest bias values were, on average, more accurate than formula combinations that produced the next to lowest bias values. Findings provide the lowest bias dr- rd formula combinations for artifact-corrected meta-analyses of studies using the two independent-groups design.
NFL Player Career Earnings and Off-Field Behavior
Authors: Soebbing Brian P. , Wicker Pamela , Watanabe Nicholas M.
Published: February 2022

The present study seeks to add to the growing literature related to off-field actions impacting labor economic issues. It examines how off-field incidents with law enforcement and violations of league policies governing performance enhancing drugs impact career earnings for players. Furthermore, we seek to understand how career earnings are impacted for visible minorities. Ordinary least squares and quantile regression estimations of career earnings for over 3,500 National Football League players show generally these actions do not impact career earnings. If there are significant impacts, then the impacts generally tend to be positive, but not for racial minority players.
Modified anti-mosquito and self-cleaning fabrics utilizing clove oil–CuO/TiO2 composites
Authors: Ibadurrohman Muhammad , Kristianto David , Slamet
Published: February 2022

We report on the synthesis of CuO/TiO2 composites via a photo-assisted deposition method. The encapsulated clove oil was synthesized using oil-in-water emulsification. The optimum mass ratio of CuO:TiO2 was combined with encapsulated clove oil and then coated on fabric. The obtained CuO/TiO2 composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy to scrutinize their morphology and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra to identify the composites’ absorption range and bandgap energy. The modified fabrics were then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that CuO/TiO2 samples possess spheroidal shapes, while the absorption spectra of CuO/TiO2 samples were red-shifted to the visible region as the CuO content increased. Photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and CuO/TiO2 were examined by degrading methylene blue under ultraviolet light, which shows that CuO-doped TiO2 exhibits higher activity than TiO2. The self-cleaning functionality of the modified fabrics was examined using sludge solution, revealing that the modified fabrics with CuO/TiO2 composites and encapsulated clove oil (CLO-CuO/TiO2) exhibit cleaner surfaces than blank fabric. The optimum capacity of the fabrics as repellents was obtained in a sample with the smallest average mosquitoes landing of four.
Abductive Coding: Theory Building and Qualitative (Re)Analysis
Authors: Vila-Henninger Luis , Dupuy Claire , Van Ingelgom Virginie , Caprioli Mauro , Teuber Ferdinand , Pennetreau Damien , Bussi Margherita , Le Gall Cal
Published: February 2022

Qualitative secondary analysis has generated heated debate regarding the epistemology of qualitative research. We argue that shifting to an abductive approach provides a fruitful avenue for qualitative secondary analysts who are oriented towards theory-building. However, the concrete implementation of abduction remains underdeveloped—especially for coding. We address this key gap by outlining a set of tactics for abductive analysis that can be applied for qualitative analysis. Our approach applies Timmermans and Tavory's ( Timmermans and Tavory 2012 ; Tavory and Timmermans 2014 ) three stages of abduction in three steps for qualitative (secondary) analysis: Generating an Abductive Codebook, Abductive Data Reduction through Code Equations, and In-Depth Abductive Qualitative Analysis. A key contribution of our article is the development of “code equations”—defined as the combination of codes to operationalize phenomena that span individual codes. Code equations are an important resource for abduction and other qualitative approaches that leverage qualitative data to build theory.
Cyclone Idai–related losses and the coping strategies of adolescent survivors in the Odzi community of Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Sifelani Innocent , Matsikure Memory , Songo Sifikile , Kwembeya Maurice , Kudejira Denboy
Published: February 2022

Climate change has been identified as one of the leading threats to human health in Southern Africa. Climate change–induced natural disasters often leave behind a trail of destruction characterized by multidimensional losses such as loss of infrastructure, physical health, and psychological health. Adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups during and after a natural disaster. This article presents findings of a research whose aim was to establish cyclone Idai–related losses and postdisaster coping strategies among adolescent survivors. Based on qualitative data collected from 15 participants in the Odzi community of Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe, the article reveals that participants experienced diverse disaster-related losses, such as loss of independence and sense of control over their lives and general life satisfaction. The study notes that the impact of disaster-related losses had a toll on adolescents’ psychological, social, and physical well-being. From the study, it is established that in the aftermath of natural disasters, adolescents adopted two-pronged coping strategies, namely, personal coping strategies that include positive thinking and self-talk, and the utilization of social support such as instrumental and counseling support. This study suggests, among other recommendations, school-based training to equip adolescents with personal coping strategies.
The First Case Report of Bilateral Vagal Neuropathy Presenting With Dysphonia Following COVID-19 Infection
Authors: An YouYoung , Park KiNam , Lee SeungWon
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with a variety of symptoms and complications. Impairments of taste and smell caused by COVID-19 are well known as otolaryngological sequelae. However, dysphonia due to bilateral vagal neuropathy has not been well described as a presenting symptom or complication of COVID-19 infection. In this paper, we report a case of a 47-year-old patient who experienced dysphonia after remission of COVID-19 infection and diagnosed bilateral vagal neuropathy.
Herpes Zoster of The Larynx: A Narrow Diagnostic and Therapeutic Window
Authors: Roy Catherine F. , Turkdogan Sena , Silver Jennifer A. , Young Jonathan
Published: February 2022

We hereby present a rare case of laryngeal zoster presenting with unilateral odynophagia and hemifacial pain in an immunocompetent host. Visualization of the characteristic vesicles is challenging given their short-lived and at times delayed appearance; thus, laryngeal zoster may be a largely unrecognized cause of laryngitis and cranial neuropathies. Heightened awareness may improve prompt diagnosis, referral and initiation of antiviral therapy, while guiding patient counselling on the associated long-term sequelae such as voice and swallowing impairments, and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Interacting Elements of Leadership: Key to Integration But Looking for Integrative Theory
Authors: van Knippenberg Daan , Dwertmann David J. G.
Published: February 2022

The most consensually shared insight in leadership research may be that in understanding leadership effectiveness, multiple elements of leadership should be considered: different leader behaviors, psychological traits and states, demographic attributes, etc. The notion that leadership consists of multiple elements begs the question of whether these elements have interactive effects, but the empirical study of interactive effects of elements of leadership is far less common. Studying interacting elements of leadership has particularly strong potential to bridge siloed perspectives in leadership research, however: When interactive effects concern elements drawn from different research perspectives, their interpretation requires theory bridging these perspectives. An integrative review of empirical studies of interacting elements of leadership can therefore uniquely contribute to the development of integrative theory bridging siloed perspectives in leadership research. Drawing on 117 empirical papers reporting tests of interactions of elements of leadership, we provide such a review. We identify four perspectives on such interactions, which we call the relationship, status, social identity, and congruence perspectives. We also outline how the field can build towards integration of these perspectives.
Generating more inclusive media memory: the limits and possibilities of news archives
Authors: Edy Jill A , Austin Jasmine T
Published: February 2022

Ideally, mediated collective memory of a society’s past should be both inclusive and communal. Documentaries commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Los Angeles riots reveal that a film which relies primarily on mainstream journalism’s news archives tends to privilege the perspectives of social authorities. In contrast, films produced by those from marginalized communities create more inclusive mediated collective memory by altering the rationale for incorporating speakers and stories: from status, having social authority at a moment in history, to witness, the personal experience of history. These films use news archives to authenticate the presence of witnesses to events, authorizing them to speak yet fundamentally altering the story preserved in the journalistic archive because witnesses both talk about their experience and characterize the meaning of the event. Transforming narrative convention from having status to bearing witness allows perspectives to compete more equally, destabilizing social inequities that contribute to marginalization and building a more inclusive, communal collective remembrance via media.
The Super Clean-Up Game: Increasing Productivity and Prosocial Engagement Among Youth at a Residential Summer Camp
Authors: Miller Zoe Maya , Bloomfield Bradley S. , Fauvel Gemima , Crehan Eileen
Published: February 2022

The Good Behavior Game (GBG) is a behavior intervention typically used in traditional classroom settings. This study tested the effectiveness of the Super Clean-Up Game, a modified version of the GBG, for youth with disabilities at a residential summer camp to increase productivity and strengthen the social skills of youth with disabilities. The Super Clean-Up Game was implemented at a residential summer camp for youth with social, emotional, and behavioral challenges, with four bunks of campers ( N = 24, 100% boys, ages 10–15 years old) using a randomized nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design. There was an increase in the percentage of chore completion and peer helping behavior between the baseline and intervention phases in all four bunks. Results provide preliminary evidence that the Super Clean-Up Game is an effective behavior intervention at a residential summer camp for youth with social, emotional, and behavioral challenges. Future studies may consider modifying the Super Clean-Up Game for use in other contexts, such as classrooms or group homes.
Post-operative management of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mitra Saikat , Ramanathan Kollengode , MacLaren Graeme
Published: February 2022

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest due to dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, myocardial ischaemia and arrhythmias. Septal myectomy remains the gold standard therapy for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) refractory to other therapy. This review comprehensively focuses on the post-operative management and complications of HOCM patients undergoing surgical correction. Although these patients are at risk of various perioperative complications from anaesthesia and surgery due to the underlying complexity of their disease, surgical myectomy is associated with excellent long-term outcomes if carried out in experienced centers.
Aortic root pseudoaneurysm after blunt trauma to chest – an interesting case
Authors: Ahmad Tanveer , Al Khamis Ahmed Othman , Abohamar Samah Esmaeel , Tasca Giordano , Aljerayed Nasser
Published: February 2022

Acquired pseudoaneurysms of the aortic root involving the sinus of Valsalva are rare and serious complications arising from trauma, infection, or following cardiac surgery or intervention. We describe the surgical treatment of a patient who had acquired sinus of Valsalva pseudoaneurysm following blunt trauma to chest; wherein pericardial patch closure of the orifice of the pseudoaneurysm without aortic valve replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting. The management of these sinus of Valsalva pseudoaneurysms depends on the underlying mechanism causing symptoms such as compression or thrombosis of coronary artery; or the defective anatomy involving sinus of Valsalva, aortic valve or the coronary artery.
Personal narrative intervention for school-age children with Down syndrome: A focus on macrostructure
Authors: Westerveld Marleen F , van Bysterveldt Anne K
Published: February 2022

The ability to narrate past personal events is important for classroom participation and socio-emotional wellbeing. Although school-age children with Down syndrome show significant challenges producing personal event narratives, there is little research to guide personal narrative intervention. This study used a single subject experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of a personal narrative intervention program aimed at enhancing children's ability to include narrative elements when sharing a personal narrative. Eight children with Down syndrome participated in two intervention sessions a week over 7 weeks. Progress was measured as inclusion of narrative elements in response to three types of prompts: an open prompt, the child's own photo, and a generic photo of children engaged in a familiar activity. Parents completed a post-intervention survey to determine social validity and feasibility. Following intervention, five participants demonstrated significant progress on the open prompt, whereas three participants failed to make significant progress on any of the prompts. Although the results highlight the feasibility of the intervention and demonstrate the effectiveness for at least five of the participants, recommendations are provided to guide further work in this important area to help facilitate social inclusion for this group of children.
“I think that she would have wanted. . .”: Qualitative interviews with bereaved caregivers reveal complexity in measuring goal-concordant care at the end of life
Authors: Durieux Brigitte N , Berrier Anna , Catzen Hannah Z , Gray Tamryn F , Lakin Joshua R , Cunningham Rebecca , Morris Sue E , Tulsky James A , Sanders Justin J
Published: February 2022

Background:

Experts consider goal-concordant care an important healthcare outcome for individuals with serious illness. Despite their relationship to the patient and knowledge about the patient’s wishes and values, little is known about bereaved family caregivers’ perceptions of how end-of-life care aligns with patient goals and preferences.

Aim:

To understand caregivers’ perceptions about patients’ care experiences, the extent to which care was perceived as goal-concordant, and the factors that contextualized the end-of-life care experience.

Design:

Qualitative interview study employing a semi-structured interview guide based on the National Health and Aging Trends Survey end-of-life planning module. Template analysis was used to identify themes.

Setting/participants:

Nineteen recently bereaved family caregivers of people with serious illness in two academic medical centers in the Northeastern United States.

Results:

Most caregivers reported goal-concordant care, though many also recalled experiences of goal discordance. Three themes characterized care perceptions and related to perceived quality: communication, relationships and humanistic care, and care transitions. Within communication, caregivers described the importance of clear communication, inadequate prognostic communication, and information gaps that undermined caregiver confidence in decision making. Patient-clinician relationships enriched care and were considered higher-quality when felt to be humanistic. Finally, care transitions impacted goal discordance when marked by logistical barriers, a need to establish relationships with new providers, inadequate information transfer, and poor care coordination.

Conclusions:

Bereaved caregivers commonly rated care as goal-concordant while also identifying areas of disappointing and low-quality care. Communication, relationships and humanistic care, and care transitions are modifiable quality improvement targets for patients with advanced cancer.
The responsiveness of the Danish version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Authors: Enemark Larsen Anette , Christensen Jeanette R , Wehberg Sonja
Published: February 2022

Introduction

To establish the responsiveness of the Danish version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM-DK).

Method

A cross-sectional study was performed in three Danish settings, including 88 clients, 40 men, aged 16–90 years, with a variety of diagnoses. To determine construct responsiveness, the mean changes of the COPM performance and satisfaction score (COPM-P/S) were compared and correlated with the mean changes in the five-item World Health Organization (WHO) Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and the EuroQol–five domains–five levels questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). To determine the responsiveness, data were analysed with ROC curves to establish the optimal cut-point values for the COPM-DK scores. Minimal important change (MIC) was assessed in relation to anchor-based questions.

Results

The mean change for COPM-P/S was 3.1 and 3.0, respectively. Small positive correlations were found between the COPM-DK scores and the WHO-5 and EQ-5D-5L scores. The AUC were 0.76 and 0.75, respectively. The optimal cut-point values for the COPM-P/S-scores based on either all positive answers or to the two highest, were 1.2 or 4.20 (COPM-P) and 1.67 or 5.80 (COPM-S), respectively

Conclusions

The capability of the COPM to detect changes in perceived occupational performance issues is supported. We recommend an MIC on 3.5 points on both scales.
Headaches and the use of personal protective equipment in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oliveira Renato , Plácido Madalena , Pereira Liliana , Machado Sara , Parreira Elsa , Gil-Gouveia Raquel
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Headaches associated with personal protective equipment were reported in health-care workers in previous epidemiological studies.

Methods

National web-based survey advertised by the Portuguese Headache Society and National Headache and Migraine patient´s organization between September-December 2020 screening for personal protective equipment usage pattern, pre-existing and de novo headaches after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its relation to personal protective equipment use.

Results

Of 5064 participants, 90.6% (4562/5034) were women, mean age was 37.2 ± 11 years. Most questions had a completion rate above 87% (non-completion rate ranging from 0–12.7%). Twenty percent were health-care professionals (993/5046). Surgical and cloth masks were the most common personal protective equipment type, whereas protective eyewear and FFP2/FFP3 masks were mostly used by health-care professionals. About 97% (1814/1870) of migraine and headache participants reported aggravation of pre-existing headaches with personal protective equipment use, and 56% (2476/4420) had de novo headaches. Participants with de novo headaches had a higher frequency of pre-existing migraine (1118/1226, 91.2% vs 1408/1600, 88%, P = .042), and wore personal protective equipment for longer periods of time (7 ± 2 h 42 vs 6 ± 2 h 54 min per day, P < .001). In multivariate analysis longer mean duration of personal protective equipment use (OR of 1.1, 95% CI 1–1.2) and previous migraine (OR of 1.2, 95% CI 1–1.4) were predictors of developing de novo headaches.

Conclusions

Almost all participants with pre-existing headache reported worsening of their headaches, and more than half of the study population developed de novo headaches following personal protective equipment use. Duration of personal protective equipment usage and pre-existing migraine were the strongest predictors of de novo headaches.
Post-COVID-19 persistent headache: A multicentric 9-months follow-up study of 905 patients
Authors: Garcia-Azorin David , Layos-Romero Almudena , Porta-Etessam Jesús , Membrilla Javier A , Caronna Edoardo , Gonzalez-Martinez Alicia , Mencia Álvaro Sierra , Segura Tomás , Gonzalez-García Nuria , Díaz-de-Terán Javier , Gallardo Victor J , Gago-Veiga Ana Beatriz , Ballvé Alejandro , Trigo López Javier , Sastre-Real María , Llauradó Arnau , Cornejo Ana , de Lorenzo Íñigo , Guerrero-Peral Ángel , Pozo-Rosich Patricia
Published: February 2022

Background

Headache is a frequent symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its long-term evolution remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the long-term duration of headache in patients that presented headache during the acute phase of COVID-19.

Methods

This is a post-hoc multicenter ambisective study including patients from six different third-level hospitals between 1 March and 27 April 2020. Patients completed 9 months of neurological follow-up.

Results

We included 905 patients. Their median age was 51 (IQR 45–65), 66.5% were female, and 52.7% had a prior history of primary headache. The median duration of headache was 14 (6–39) days; however, the headache persisted after 3 months in 19.0% (95% CI: 16.5–21.8%) and after 9 months in 16.0% (95% confidence interval: 13.7–18.7%). Headache intensity during the acute phase was associated with a more prolonged duration of headache (Hazard ratio 0.655; 95% confidence interval: 0.582–0.737).

Conclusion

The median duration of headache was 2 weeks, but in approximately a fifth of patients it became persistent and followed a chronic daily pattern.
The clinical characteristics of familial cluster headache
Authors: O’Connor Emer , Nikram Elham , Grangeon Lou , Danno Daisuke , Houlden Henry , Matharu Manjit
Published: February 2022

Background

A positive family history predisposes to the development of cluster headache. The distinct characteristics of familial cluster headache have yet to be confirmed, however, evidence suggests a younger age of onset and higher proportion of females in this subgroup.

Objectives

To assess the rate and mode of inheritance of familial cluster headache in a tertiary referral centre for headache. To describe the clinical features of familial cluster headache.

Methods

A retrospective study conducted between 2007 and 2017. Cluster headache was confirmed in probands and affected relatives. Differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, and response-to-treatment in familial cluster headache were delineated through multivariate analysis using a control cohort of 597 patients with sporadic cluster headache.

Results

Familial cluster headache was confirmed in 48 (7.44%) patients and predominantly reflected an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with reduced penetrance. Familial cases were more likely to report nasal blockage (OR 4.06, 95% CI; 2.600–6.494, p < 0.001) during an attack and a higher rate of concurrent short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (OR 3.76, 95% CI; 1.572–9.953, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

These findings add to evidence suggesting a genetic component to cluster headache. Here, we demonstrated prominent nasal blockage, and a higher occurrence of concomitant short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing in this subgroup, further delineating the phenotype.
Nonlinear Model-Based Subway Station-Level Peak-Hour Ridership Estimation Approach in the Context of Peak Deviation
Authors: Wei Jie , Cheng Yanqiu , Chen Kuanmin , Wang Meng , Ma Chen , Hu Xianbiao
Published: February 2022

Existing techniques for estimation of subway station-level long-term peak-hour ridership (PHR) may produce underestimated PHR values that may result in stations being designed with insufficient capacity during the planning stage; this in turn may increase congestion on the platforms in actual operation. One of the reasons for this potential undesirable outcome is that peak deviation phenomena often arise between stations and lines in subway systems, which could create underestimated PHR values. The default assumption has always been that the peak hour of passenger flow of each station always overlaps with its attributed line. This paper presents a framework of a station-level long-term PHR estimation method calibrated using the peak deviation coefficient (PDC) and a nonlinear model (eXtreme Gradient Boosting). This approach can estimate the PDC values for PHR prediction, and can also quantify the relative importance of PDC associated factors, yielding an explanation of the main causes of peak deviation phenomena. Using a real-world, large-scale passenger flow dataset from Xi’an, China, the approach produces more stable and accurate predictive performance compared with conventional methods (i.e., absolute percentage error controlled within 20% versus 50%, and mean average percentage error reduced by 3.26%–8.35%). Meanwhile, it is found that the relative importance of the unimproved land use ratio ranks in the top four for all types of peak periods; this ratio is a key factor that may be used to mitigate ridership deviations between stations and line peaks. In addition, for subway networks, the influence of land use entropy increases from the morning peak hour to the evening peak hour and weakens across the route from origin to destination.
Variable Speed Limit Control with Dynamic Location of Message Signs for the Internet-of-Vehicles Environment
Authors: Hou Jiajie , Ma Minghui , Xiao Jiacheng
Published: February 2022

The control position for traditional variable speed limits (VSL) is generally fixed. However, when congested traffic flow reaches the variable message sign, the effect of VSL on easing congestion will be reduced. It is, therefore, necessary to dynamically set the location of the variable message sign while implementing dynamic traffic control. Combined with the emerging Internet of Vehicles environment, this paper designs a variable-length cell transmission model to describe the uneven uniformity of traffic and to calculate the speed limits position of dynamic VSL. Then combined with the VSL control, an objective optimization function is established, with the travel time being the object. By numerical analysis and simulation, the sensitivity of the dynamic transmission model is verified under different traffic conditions. The results show that the proposed model can change the length of the cell and better describe the uneven distribution of the crowded tuple. The location of variable message signs can be set dynamically, and it can significantly alleviate the congested area. In addition, the new dynamic variable message sign control method can shorten travel times and improve traffic efficiency.
Supporting the Instructional Videos With Chatbot and Peer Feedback Mechanisms in Online Learning: The Effects on Learning Performance and Intrinsic Motivation
Authors: Fidan Mustafa , Gencel Nurgun
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the effects of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbot and peer feedback mechanisms integrated into the instructional videos (IVs) as a feedback tool on learning performance and intrinsic motivation of pre-service teachers (PTs) in online learning. The participants were 144 PTs from a university in Turkey. A pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. Two experimental (EG-1: Immediately elaborated feedback with a chatbot for IVs; EG-2: Delayed peer feedback with comments for IVs) groups and a control group (teaching with IVs) were selected. To collect qualitative data, a survey consisting of open-ended questions was conducted in the experimental groups. The results showed that the learning performance and intrinsic motivation scores of chatbot-based and peer feedback groups were higher than the scores in the traditional learning group. The implications for AI-powered feedback mechanisms and directions for future studies were discussed in this study.
Learning and the Experience of Social, Civic, and Political Participation in Old Age
Authors: Alves Martins Teresa , Arriscado Nunes João , Dias Isabel , Menezes Isabel
Published: February 2022

Despite the increase in life expectancy and the intensification of research with older populations, little is known about the relation between adult learning and engagement in social, civic, and political participation experiences. In this study, we interviewed 18 older adults involved in a diversity of contexts, from senior universities to civic associations or political organizations to explore whether and how these were perceived as learning experiences. Our findings reinforce the vision of social, civic, and political participation as learning experiences with a strong intergenerational component, where teaching and learning coexist. Participants recognize gains in a variety of knowledge and skills, from the more technical to the more interpersonal/social and political. Previous educational background and the lack of learning opportunities in old age are recognized as barriers to participation. Therefore, social, civic, and political participation clearly seems to transcend the strictly feel good and/or recreational perspective, emerging as valid adult education experiences.
The ‘Last Ice Age’ in maritime history: An introduction
Authors: Norseng Per G.
Published: February 2022

The point of departure of this Forum is an ongoing research project funded by the Norwegian Research Council: ‘The Last Ice Age: The Trade in Natural Ice as an Agent of Modernization and Economic Integration in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century’ ( https://marmuseum.no/en/the-last-ice-age ). The project is managed by the Norwegian Maritime Museum in cooperation with scholars at the University of South-Eastern Norway, the University of Hull (UK) and Old Dominion University (Norfolk, VA, USA). This article outlines and contextualizes the development of Norway's natural-ice trade, thereby introducing the project and setting the scene for the five other articles that comprise this Forum.
“Trans Folks are in the Crosshairs”: Jury Decision-Making and the Trans Panic Defense
Authors: Michalski Nicholas D. , Bitter Alexandra N. , Nuñez Narina
Published: February 2022

The LGBTQ+ panic defense is a provocation defense strategy used to attain a lesser sentence for the defendant. It is often used by cisgender straight men to provide reasoning for a violent reaction to an unwanted sexual advance from an LGBTQ+ individual. Existing empirical work has examined juror perceptions of the LGBTQ+ panic defense used against gay victims, but lacks investigation of instances when the victim identifies as transgender. Utilizing a sample of 233 undergraduate students, we examine how mock jurors’ individual characteristics (political orientation, masculine honor beliefs, and prejudices) influence victim perceptions (negative affect and blame) as well as verdict decisions in three different defense scenarios (transgender panic defense, transsexual panic defense, and neutral provocation defense). As predicted, participants exposed to trans panic defenses rendered more lenient verdicts compared to the control condition. Mediation analyses revealed that mock jurors with higher masculine honor beliefs and a more conservative political ideology expressed more negative affect toward the victim, leading to more lenient verdict decisions. Additionally, a path analysis revealed verdict to be double mediated by negative affect and victim blame. Legislation to ban the use of LGBTQ+ defenses has been accepted in some U.S. states and two countries, but it is still legal in a majority of U.S. states and worldwide. Therefore, it is important that research examines claims being made about the nature of the defense strategy.
How Volunteer Commitment Differs in Online and Offline Environments
Authors: Ihm Jennifer , Shumate Michelle
Published: February 2022

The contemporary media environment transforms the organization-volunteer relationship by attenuating the formation of organizational belonging, often thought to be the result of direct interactions and face-to-face meetings. We examine and compare factors that influence offline and online volunteering. We investigate the ties for communicating about volunteering that bind individuals to nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and the ways that multiple levels of identification influence volunteer commitment to these NPOs. Using structural equation modeling, the results from an online survey of 816 volunteers suggest that online volunteers, unlike offline volunteers, are not motivated to volunteer more by exclusive relationships with organizational members or their volunteer identity. Their volunteering is related to their communication ties with both members and nonmembers and their identification with both the organization and the social issue. We discuss implications regarding how the changed dynamics in online volunteering complicates the traditional organization-volunteer relationship.
Assisted peritoneal dialysis performed by caregivers and its association with patient outcomes
Authors: Puapatanakul Pongpratch , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Tungsanga Kriang , Cheawchanwattana Areewan , Tangjittrong Kittisak , Lounseng Niwat , Songviriyavithaya Phichit , Zhao Junhui , Wang Angela Yee-Moon , Shen Jenny , Perl Jeffrey , Davies Simon J , Finkelstein Fredric O , Johnson David W ,   on behalf of Thailand PDOPPS Steering Groups
Published: February 2022

Background:

Although caregivers allow peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with disabilities the opportunity to perform PD, it is crucial to clarify the safety and effectiveness of assisted PD performed by caregivers compared to self-PD.

Methods:

PD patients from 22 PD centres in Thailand were prospectively followed in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study during 2016–2017. Patients receiving assisted PD performed by caregivers were matched 1:1 with self-PD patients using propensity scores calculated by logistic regression. The associations between assisted PD and risk of mortality, peritonitis and permanent transfer to haemodialysis (HD) were assessed by multivariable competing risk regression.

Results:

Of 778 eligible patients, 447 (57%) required assisted PD performed by caregivers. Most of the caregivers were family members (98%), while the rest were non-family paid caregivers (2%). Patient factors associated with assisted PD were older age, female gender, lower educational level, cardiovascular comorbidities, diabetes, automated PD modality, poorer functional status and lower blood chemistries (albumin, creatinine, sodium, potassium and phosphate). After 1:1 matching, the baseline characteristics were adequately matched, and 269 patients in each group were analysed. Compared with self-PD, assisted PD was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted sub-hazard ratio: 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–3.74). There were no differences in the occurrences of peritonitis and permanent HD transfer between the groups.

Conclusions:

Assisted PD was required by more than half of Thai PD patients and was independently associated with a higher mortality risk. This may reflect causal effect or confounding by indication.
Correlation between tire durability and rubber oxygen consumption
Authors: Li Changda , Liang Chen , Sun Donghui , Wang Guolin
Published: February 2022

As an important part of vehicle safety, tire durability has been paid close attention to which results from various factors including high temperature thermal oxidation of rubber compounds. In tire laboratories, an oven aging test is usually employed to induce severe thermal oxidation under a temperature up to 65°C. However, it is extremely difficult to perform real-time measurement of rubber oxygen consumption under high temperature to study the whole process. Therefore, with experimental property measurement of rubber compound as input, a tire Finite Element Analysis model based on Fick’s Law and Diffusion Limited Oxidation was built to simulate the tire oven aging process. The model outputs both global and local oxygen consumption of a tire which was then correlated with experimental durability hours. The result shows a positive effect of reduced global oxygen consumption on tire durability up to a threshold value below which tire durability is not strongly dependent on oxygen consumption. Local oxygen consumption of several key components including tread, belt, carcass, sidewall, and innerliner was also correlated with experimental tire durability hours and exhibits different patterns due to its unique locations and material properties.
Characterization of magneto-rheological fluid having elongated ferrous particles and its implementation in MR damper for three-wheeler passenger vehicle
Authors: TharehalliMata Gurubasavaraju , Krishna Hemanth , Keshav Manjeet
Published: February 2022

In the present research work, Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid consisting of fiber-like elongated carbonyl ferrous particles as dispersed phase is characterized and the dynamic performance of the three-wheeled vehicle with an (MR) damper has been analyzed and discussed. Broadly, this paper has two segments, in the first segment, different proportions of MR fluid, that is, 10%, 15%, and 20% of volume fraction, are prepared and the corresponding rheological behaviors are studied experimentally at different current levels. In the second segment, the experimentally obtained properties of MR fluids are used to estimate the dynamic force of MR damper by using a non-parametric model of the flow-mode MR damper. Mathematical modeling of three-wheeler vehicle having MR damper model with proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control has been developed and the ride comfort and stability performances under poor road condition are studied. The result shows that the three-wheeler passenger vehicle equipped with an MR damper-based suspension system provides better ride comfort and stability with 27.6% reduction in bounce, 81.8% reduction in pitch, and 27.6% reduction in the roll motion of the body when compared to its passive suspension counterpart.