bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Hipertensi di Desa Kasreman
Authors: Sandi Yudisa Diaz Lutfi
Published: February 2022

Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dialami secara global dengan ciri khas tekanan darah yang meningkat ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mencegah peningkatan tekanan darah yaitu dukungan dari keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa gambaran dukungan keluarga terhadap upaya pencegahan hipertensi di Desa Kasreman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 81 responden. Dari penelitian ini menghasilkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin lebih banyak terjadi pada perempuan dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 49 responden (60,5%). Berdasarkan usia 46 – 60 tahun yaitu sebanyak 45 responden (55,6%). Berkaitan dengan pendidikan responden terbanyak yaitu lulusan SD dengan jumlah 36 responden (44,4%). Berdasarkan pekerjaan responden terbanyak yaitu bekerja sebagai petani sebanyak 29 responden (35,8%). sebagian besar masyarakat mendapat dukungan yang baik dari keluarga dengan jumlah 40 responden (49,4%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa mayoritas masyarakat mendapatkan dukungan yang baik dari pihak keluarga.
New Cultivars: Sarracenia 'Bris', Sarracenia 'Hugh Jampton', Sarracenia 'Juthatip Soper', Erratum Dionaea 'Microdent'
Authors: D'Amato Peter , Rice Barry , Selwyn Aidan A. , Soper Matthew
Published: February 2022

The cultivars Sarracenia 'Bris', Sarracenia 'Hugh Jampton', Dionaea 'Microdent', and Sarracenia 'Juthatip Soper' are described.
The Drosera montana A.Saint-Hilaire (Droseraceae) complex: A new combination, Drosera schwackei (Diels) F.Rivadavia, is proposed
Authors: Rivadavia Fernando
Published: February 2022

The Drosera montana A.Saint-Hilaire complex is reviewed, discussed and three taxa are excluded from this group: Drosera hirtella A.Saint-Hilaire, D. parvifolia A.Saint-Hilaire, and D. roraimae (Klotzsch ex Diels) Maguire & Laudon. Morphological characteristics, distribution, and habitat preferences, are described for the rare Drosera montana A.Saint-Hilaire var. schwackei Diels. Based on the differences observed between this taxon and other Drosera species native to South America, it is here proposed that it should be elevated to specific status and the new combination D. schwackei (Diels) F.Rivadavia is made.
Studying the Rock-loving Pinguicula lithophytica of Cuba
Authors: Temple Paul , Panfet-Valdés Cristina M.
Published: February 2022

This article is intended to provide additional information that is associated with the new species, Pinguicula lithophytica C. Panfet-Valdés & P. Temple but not included in the initial description.
A nomenclaturally acceptable rank for the sundew epithet 'obovata'
Authors: Schlauer Jan
Published: February 2022

The naming of plants for scientific purposes is governed by a set of rules that have been coined in order to reduce ambiguity and confusion. This set of rules is called the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), and the text is published online (http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm).
An informal field study of some Nepenthes habitats
Authors: Malouf Perry M.
Published: February 2022

An informal field survey of Nepenthes habitats (see Figures 1 and 2) was accomplished during four separate trips to the areas around Mount Kinabalu (Sabah, Malaysia, in 2001, 2004, 2006, and 2007) and around the city of Kuching (Sarawak, Malaysia, in 2006). Measurements were made of soil pH and soil conductivity. Observations were made of soil characteristics, relative humidity, light levels, and other flora located with the Nepenthes plants.
Drosera x fontinalis (Droseraceae), the first natural sundew hybrid from South America
Authors: Rivadavia Fernando
Published: February 2022

The natural hybrid Drosera x fontinalis is described.
The natural behavior of Drosera: Sundews do not catch insects on purpose
Authors: Volkova Polina A. , Shipunov Alexey B.
Published: February 2022

The trapping behavior of carnivorous plants has attracted attention of naturalists for almost two centuries. With the most observations made in laboratories, the behavior of sundew in situ has not been studied enough. We observed Drosera leaf behavior in natural habitats with non-manipulative technique. Three leaf characteristics for two species (D. rotundifolia L. and D. anglica Huds.) from two regions (6 plants with 30 leaves) were continuously observed during 196 hours. Our observations show that changes of the leaf characteristics of two sundew species in nature are almost casual and likely only corrected by external factors such as relative air humidity and presence of fresh prey (“semi-accidental feeding”). We consider trapping leaves of the two studied Drosera species as transitional structures between active and passive fly-paper traps.
Noteworthy collections: Florida
Authors: Rice Barry A
Published: February 2022

Drosera filiformis Raf. × tracyi Macf. (Droseraceae)—southeastern Washington County, Florida, elevation 20 m, 29 May 2010. Plants were found flowering on the wet borders of a low, sandy lake, with Drosera filiformis Raf. and Drosera tracyi Macf.
Nepenthes palawanensis: Another new species of giant pitcher plant from the Philippines
Authors: McPherson Stewart
Published: February 2022

Following the discovery of Nepenthes attenboroughii on Mount Victoria, I returned to Palawan in January 2010 to explore another mountain called Sultan Peak with a Filipino botanist friend. As mentioned in my article on Nepenthes attenboroughii one year ago, the Philippine island of Palawan is of extreme botanical interest because it is a hotspot of diversity located close to the great island of Borneo, but it has remained relatively little explored, especially in terms of carnivorous plants.
Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Sarraceniaceae
Authors: Brittnacher John
Published: February 2022

The carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae in the order Ericales consists of three genera: Darlingtonia, Heliamphora, and Sarracenia. Darlingtonia is represented by one species that is found in northern California and western Oregon. The genus Heliamphora currently has 23 recognized species all of which are native to the Guiana Highlands primarily in Venezuela with some spillover across the borders into Brazil and Guyana. Sarracenia has 15 species and subspecies, all but one of which are located in the southeastern USA. The range of Sarracenia purpurea extends into the northern USA and Canada. Closely related families in the plant order Ericales include the Roridulaceae consisting of two sticky-leaved carnivorous plant species, Actinidiaceae, the Chinese gooseberry family, Cyrillaceae, which includes the common wetland plant Cyrilla racemiflora, and the family Clethraceae, which also has wetland plants including Clethra alnifolia.
New cultivars
Authors: Clayton Colin H , Conner David , Faulisi Phil , Sebastien Bonnet
Published: February 2022

The cultivars Dionaea 'St. Patrick's Beard', Dionaea 'Bec de Lièvre', Dionaea 'Cheerleader', Dionaea 'Iris', Sarracenia 'Mesa Exotics', Cephalotus follicularis 'Clayton's T Rex', Sarracenia 'Stingray', and Sarracenia 'Vintner's Treasure' are described.
Efficacy of Flipping the College Career Planning Course -- A Finance Career Planning Course
Authors: Peng Huiling , Shih Yahui
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the effectiveness of applying the flipped classroom teaching model to career planning courses in colleges and its efficacy on students’ learning satisfaction and career planning. This study samples 52 first-year university students and 56 first year junior college student. The purpose is to identify and improve the deficiency in the application of flipped classrooms to career planning courses under different academic systems at colleges, so as to enhance benefits to students. In addition, this study adopts the Learning Satisfaction Questionnaire as the assessment tool. The statistical analysis and the research findings suggest that in general, older students (with an average age of 18) in the first year of the four-year technical program are more satisfied with the teaching model of flipped classrooms than younger students (with an average age of 15) in the first year of the five-year junior college program. The teaching model of flipped classrooms has differing effects on students in different academic systems. Based on the research findings, for 4-year technical program freshmen, after taking the flipping career planning course it is about 92% of students have personal specialty-oriented career planning; for first-year junior college students, after taking the flipping career planning course it is about to 86% of students have personal specialty-oriented career planning. This paper develops suggestions for the application of flipped classrooms to the teaching of career planning courses to college students. It serves as a template for the promotion of flipped classroom teaching in higher education for specialty-oriented career planning courses in colleges. 
PERENCANAAN ULANG STRUKTUR RUMAH SUSUN DI KEDUNGWARU KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors:   Mahasiswa Manajemen Rekayasa Konstruksi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Alkautsar Catur , Rasidi Nawir ,   Dosen Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang
Published: February 2022

3.904-m2 total luas bangunan rumah susun di Kedungwaru Tulungagung terdiri dari 5 lantai. Super dan substruktur menggunakan beton bertulang. Perancangan ulang struktur atap baja ringan menjadi beton dibuat dengan tujuan untuk menentukan elemen-elemen struktural bangunan, merencanakan metode pelaksanaan, dan memperkirakan biaya pekerjaan atap, bangunan super, dan bangunan bawah. Data yang diperlukan adalah penggambaran, spesifikasi teknis dari struktur, tanah, dan harga satuan kerja (HSPK) Tulungagung 2019. Etab 17, AutoCAD 2017, Microsoft Office, dan Microsoft Project diterapkan untuk memproses data. Metode kuantitatif dengan coba-coba adalah untuk menentukan diameter dan jumlah tulangan yang tepat. Desain ulang menghasilkan tulangan -20010-200 untuk pelat setebal 130mm; 5D13 untuk 250/450 balok; 10D16 untuk 300/500 kolom; 2D10-300 untuk shearwall setebal 250mm; 8D16 untuk diameter tiang bosan 400mm dengan kedalaman 9m; D19-100 untuk pile cap persegi 1800mm dengan kedalaman 700mm; bottom-up mulai dari ketinggian 0m hingga + 16.2m; pada Rp7.942.566.211,23.
PERENCANAAN INSTALASI AIR BERSIH PADA GEDUNG KULIAH FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG
Authors:   Mahasiswa Manajemen Rekayasa Konstruksi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Wijaya Chatrine Warta , Zenurianto Mohamad ,   Dosen Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Naibaho Armin ,   Dosen Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang
Published: February 2022

Pembangunan gedung olahraga di Fakultas Ilmu Olahraga membutuhkan instalasi air bersih untuk melayani permintaan penghuni. Dalam perencanaan sistem distribusi air bersih kita membutuhkan volume tangki air menggunakan metode estimasi berdasarkan jumlah penghuni. Sistem perpipaan dirancang berdasarkan perkiraan kebutuhan air bersih dan “Beban Unit Peralatan Pipa” (PEUL). Analisis sistem distribusi air memperoleh total permintaan air bersih 127,7 liter setiap hari, yang dapat ditutupi oleh reservoir tanah 53 m3 dan tangki atap 23 m3. Anggaran untuk instalasi air bersih adalah Rp.1.701.662.642.
OPTIMASI JUMLAH OPERATOR ALAT BERAT PADA PEKERJAAN STRUKTUR PROYEK APARTEMEN X MENGGUNAKAN DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING METHOD
Authors:   Mahasiswa Manajemen Rekayasa Konstruksi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Putra Taufan Adhi , Riskijah Sitti Safiatus ,   Dosen Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Setiono Joko
Published: February 2022

Proyek konstruksi Apartemen X Semarang terdiri dari 22 lantai menggunakan struktur bertulang, dengan volume pekerjaan 47.741,33 m3 casting; volume pekerjaan 183.641,79 m2 bekisting; dan volume pekerjaan 7.865.559,13 kg tulangan. Berdasarkan penjadwalan tenaga kerja diketahui telah terjadi fluktuasi tenaga kerja (operator), khususnya tenaga kerja operator. Dengan demikian, operator optimal diperlukan untuk meminimalkan harga operator. Tujuan dari optimasi ini adalah untuk menentukan jumlah kebutuhan dan harga operator yang optimal. Data yang diperlukan adalah rencana kerja dan kondisi, jadwal, analisis harga satuan kerja Semarang 2016, dan volume kerja. Total tenaga kerja dan harga operator yang dibutuhkan mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri (Permen PUPR No. 28, 2016). Solusi penelitian operasi dengan metode Pemrograman Dinamis digunakan untuk optimisasi. Hasil optimasi pada 2,798 kebutuhan operator yang direncanakan pada Rp446.082.259 dan hasil optimasi yang diperoleh 2.798 operator yang optimal membutuhkan minimum Rp223.773.671.
Keadilan Ekologis dan Kebijakan Elektrifikasi Perdesaan Berbasis Energi Terbarukan Lepas Jaringan di Jawa Barat
Authors: Aminudin Cecep
Published: February 2022

Akses masyarakat terhadap energi listrik yang berbasiskan energi terbarukan merupakan salah satu bentuk manifestasi dari keadilan ekologis yang termasuk keadilan sosial di dalamnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kebijakan elektrifikasi perdesaan berbasiskan energi terbarukan lepas jaringan di Jawa Barat. Strategi, rencana pembangunan, rencana aksi serta mobilisasi keuangan yang berkaitan dengan elektrifikasi perdesaan berbasiskan energi terbarukan lepas jaringan di Jawa Barat perlu disertai dengan kebijakan tarif listrik dan subsidi yang berkeadilan untuk para pengguna agar kebijakan yang ada bersifat stabil, jangka panjang serta komprehensif dalam perspektif keadilan ekologis.
Peran Padang Lamun Terhadap Hewan Asosiasi di Perairan Indonesia
Authors: Nur Annisa Ardhiani  , Dwi Sukma Ardyanti  , Ade Suryanda
Published: February 2022

Ekosistem lamun banyak dijumpai di daerah estuary dan memiliki produktivitas tinggi. Ekosistem ini memiliki beragam hewan asosiasi yang memanfaatkan padang lamun untuk menunjang aktivitas hidup. Sayangnya, kondisi tutupan padang lamun di Indonesia masih tergolong kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran padang lamun terhadap hewan asosiasi di perairan Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur. Ekosistem lamun dengan kondisi baik memiliki hewan asosiasi yang beragam, seperti krustasea, moluska, ikan, echinodermata, mamalia, dan reptil. Hewan asosiasi memanfaatkan padang lamun yang kaya energi biomassa sebagai tempat mencari makan, memijah dan mengasuh larvanya hingga juvenile. Padang lamun mampu menahan ombak sehingga juga berfungsi sebagai tempat berlindung larva dan hewan-hewan asosiasi di ekosistem lamun. Bentuk asosiasi hewan dengan padang lamun tergolong dalam asosiasi positif yaitu diperkirakan terjadi ketergantungan antara lamun dengan hewan asosiasi, sehingga diharapkan ada tindakan yang dapat memperbaiki kondisi luas tutupan padang lamun di Indonesia agar berbagai hewan asosiasi di padang lamun mampu memanfaatkan peran padang lamun dengan optimal.
Kehidupan Sehat dan Sejahtera Melalui Olah Tanah Berbasis Keanekaragaman Hayati
Authors: Simanjuntak Familia Novita
Published: February 2022

Pencapaian kehidupan sehat dan sejahtera membutuhkan pendekatan yang bersifat multi-disiplin dan multi-dimensi. Salah satu dimensi tersebut adalah fasilitas lingkungan hidup yang dapat menopang kebutuhan kehidupan dan menampung semua dampak dari aktifitas kehidupan tersebut. Olah tanah berbasis keanekaragaman hayati merupakan sebuah upaya terintegrasi dalam rangka penguatan fasilitas lingkungan hidup untuk melindungi, memulihkan, dan mendukung penggunaan ekosistem daratan secara berkelanjutan. Pertumbuhan populasi manusia yang cenderung meningkat berdampak pada kualitas tanah yang semakin terdegradasi akibat eksploitasi dan alih fungsi untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan kehidupan manusia. Artikel ini membahas melalui kajian literatur terkait praktek pertanian organis sebagai olah tanah berbasis keanekaragaman hayati untuk meningkatkan kualitas keseburan tanah sebagai salah satu indikator fasilitas lingkungan hidup. Artikel menggunakan hasil penelitian tentang pertanian organis BSB Cisarua Bogor (2006) sebagai landasan kajian literatur. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pertanian organis BSB Cisarua meningkatkan kualitas kesuburan tanah sebagai indikator daya dukung dan daya tampung tanah melalui olah tanah berbasis keanekaragaman hayati di atas dan bawah tanah untuk menghasilkan produk pertanian yang bebas dari bahan kimia sintetis.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Awokola B. I. , Amusa G. A. , Jewell C. P. , Okello G. , Stobrink M. , Finney L. J. , Mohammed N. , Erhart A. , Mortimer K. J.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and an important cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of and risk factors for COPD in SSA.METHODS:
We conducted a protocol-driven systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Global Health, supplemented by a manual search of the abstracts from thoracic conference proceedings from 2017 to 2020. We did a meta-analysis of COPD prevalence and its association with current smoking.RESULTS:
We identified 831 titles, of which 27 were eligible for inclusion in the review and meta-analysis. The population prevalence of COPD ranged from 1.7% to 24.8% (pooled prevalence: 8%, 95% CI 6–11). An increased prevalence of COPD was associated with increasing age, smoking and biomass
smoke exposure. The pooled odds ratio for the effect of current smoking (vs. never smoked) on COPD was 2.20 (95% CI 1.62–2.99).CONCLUSION: COPD causes morbidity and mortality in adults in SSA. Smoking is an important risk factor for COPD in SSA, and this exposure needs to
be reduced through the combined efforts of clinicians, researchers and policymakers to address this debilitating and preventable lung disease.
Household air pollution and COPD: cause and effect or confounding by other aspects of poverty?
Authors: Mortimer K. , Montes de Oca M. , Salvi S. , Balakrishnan K. , Hadfield R. M. , Ramirez-Venegas A. , Halpin D. M. G. , Ozoh Obianuju B. , Han MeiLan K. , Perez Padilla R. , Kirenga B. , Balmes J. R.
Published: February 2022

SETTING: Household air pollution (HAP) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both major public health problems, reported to cause around 4 million and 3 million deaths every year, respectively. The great majority of these deaths, as well as the burden of disease
during life is felt by people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).OBJECTIVE and DESIGN: The extent to which HAP causes COPD is controversial; we therefore undertook this review to offer a viewpoint on this from the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD).RESULTS: We
find that while COPD is well-defined in many studies on COPD and HAP, there are major limitations to the definition and measurement of HAP. It is thus difficult to disentangle HAP from other features of poverty that are themselves associated with COPD. We identify other limitations to primary
research studies, including the use of cross-sectional designs that limit causal inference.CONCLUSION: There is substantial preventable morbidity and mortality associated with HAP, COPD and poverty, separately and together. Although it may not be possible to define clear causal
links between HAP and COPD, there is a clear urgency to reduce the avoidable burden of disease these inflict on the world´s poor.
Development of Visible Light Absorption Measurement for Concentrated Dye Solution based on Attenuated Total Reflection Technique and Improvement on its Analysis Method
Authors: Hendro Hendro , Djamal Mitra , Wirawan Wirawan , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: February 2022

An absorption measurement working in ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) mode has been design for characterization of concentrate dye solution. The system consists of a visible light system as polychromatic wave source, an ATR plate made up from glass or polymer, a spectrometer with a CCD detector. The system is connected to a computer for measurement and data processing. Some commercial inks measured by this ATR system showed absorption spectra which are in agreement with the color of the inks. The absorption parameter will be determined from the incident and reflection beam intensities measured at incident angle larger than the critical angle. We have also carried out Poynting vector analysis and we will show that the energy flow in the normal direction of the interface is not zero. The energy flow, however, decreases along the normal direction of the interface, indicating energy loss due to light absorption in the sample medium. The amount of energy loss depends on the attenuation index or absorption parameters, which is important for formulating the relation between the measured intensities and absorption parameters.
Focal Mechanism of Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayati Sri , Ratdomopurbo Antonius , Ishihara Kazuhiro , Iguchi Masato
Published: February 2022

Merapi (2968 m), located in central Java, is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia. The volcano has repeated episodes of dome growth and collapse, producing pyroclastic flows during historical time. Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes have been classified into deep (VTA) and shallow one (VTB). Since August 2000, number of VT events (M=1.0-1.6) had increased, and pyroclastic flows have successively occurred from the middle of January, 2001. The focal zone vertically extends to about 4 km deep beneath the summit. VTA events are located at the depth 2.2-4.1 km and the VTB ones at the depth shallower than 1.3 km. An aseismic zone is observed around 1.3-2.2 km deep between the hypocenter zones of the two types of VT earthquakes, interpreted as shallow magma storage. Focal mechanism of VT events was estimated by using both polarity and amplitude of P-wave first motions at 4 seismic stations, assuming double couple mechanism and homogenous medium. Determined focal mechanisms for VTA events are of normal-fault types. VTA events might originate by increase in horizontal tension when magma rose up from deeper portion. Orientation of their T-axes is nearly horizontal in NEE-SWW direction which might be affected by the E-W regional tectonic stress. As for the VTB, normal fault types dominate the deep VTB zone, while at the shallow part, both reverse fault and normal fault types are originated. The pressure increases at shallow magma storage may cause generation of deep VTB events of normal fault types. As VTB events frequently originated, corresponding to increase of multiphase (MP) events which are related to growth of lava dome, shallow VTB events of reverse fault type might be generated by horizontal compression related to pressure decrease in magma conduit due to extrusion of lava and gases, and occasionally by pressure increase at the shallow part due to accumulation of magma or volcanic gases.
Structural Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated Using Simple Spray Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Khairurrijal Khairurrijal , Abdullah Mikrajuddin , Rosi Memoria , Noor Fatimah A.
Published: February 2022

A simple spray pyrolysis method has successfully used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Their structural characteristics were characterized by employing field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. FE-SEM images confirmed that the diameters of CNTs were in the range of 20 to 80 nm. The average diameter of CNTs increased considerably as the growth temperature increased (above 700 oC). The changes in growth time and ferrocene mass altered the average diameter of CNTs slightly. EDX analysis and XRD patterns indicated that Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, which originate from the oxidation of ferrocene catalyst, are the main impurities of the CNTs. The concentrations of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 became lower and higher, respectively, for the growth temperatures higher than 700°C because Fe2O3  is the most stable at high temperatures.
Electrical Conductivity and Surface Roughness Properties of Ferroelectric Gallium Doped Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 (BGST) Thin Films
Authors: Irzaman Irzaman , Marwan A. , Arief A. , Hamdani R.A. , Komaro M.
Published: February 2022

Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) and gallium doped BST (BGST) thin films were successfully deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates. The thin films were fabricated by the chemical solution deposition (CSD) and spin coating method, with 1.00 M precursor and spinning speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The post deposition annealing of the 9 films were carried out BST without gallium (BGST 0%) annealing 850OC, BGST 0% annealing 900OC, BGST 0% annealing 950oC, BGST 5% annealing 850oC, BGST 5% annealing 900oC, BGST 5% annealing 950oC, BGST 10% annealing 850oC, BGST 10% annealing 900oC, BGST 10% annealing 950oC for 15 hour in oxygen gas atmosphere, respectively. The resistance and electrical conductivity of the grown thin films are characterized by I-V converter, meanwhile surface roughness of the grown thin films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) method. The electrical conductivity of the grown thin films BGST due to semiconductor. The results show that resistance and electrical conductivity of the thin film have strong correlation to the annealing temperature, concentration dopant and surface roughness.
Anneal Temperature Effect on Crystallite Size and Electric Conductivity of LiMn2O4
Authors: Basar Khairul , Xianglian Xianglian , Siagian Sainer , Ohara Kouta , Sakuma Takashi , Takahashi Haruyuki , Abe Osami , Igawa Naoki , Ishii Yoshinobu
Published: February 2022

Powder samples of LiMn2O4 have been prepared by solid state reaction of LiOH and MnO2. Neutron scattering experiments at room temperature and conductivity measurement have been performed on the samples. Anneal temperature effect on the crystallite size and electric conductivity of LiMn2O4 is analyzed. The average crystallite size is obtained from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Bragg lines using Scherrer equation. The average crystallite size increases with the increase of anneal temperature. Activation energy and conductivity prefactor increase with anneal temperature.
Damped Zigzag Upward Motion of a Ball in Fluid: a Numerical Model
Authors: Tajuddin Muhammad Nur , Novitrianc Novitrianc , Viridi Sparisoma , Sustini Euis , Suendo Veinardi
Published: February 2022

Several types of upward motion of a ball in a cylinder filled with water are observed in experiment such as straight, damped zigzag, and zigzag upward motion. Center of mass of the balls and the way the balls are released play important role to determine the type of occuring upward motion. A simple theoretical model regarding only gravitational force, Stokes drag force, and Archimedes bouyancy force, where the work points of these forces are not coincident, are developed and used to explain the damped zigzag motion.
Simulation of Electron Transmittance and Tunneling Current in a Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor Capacitor with a High-K Dielectric Stack of HfO2 and SiO2 Using Exponential- and Airy-Wavefunction Approaches and a Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Khairurrijal Khairurrijal , Noor Fatimah A. , Abdullah Mikrajuddin , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: February 2022

Analytical expressions of electron transmittance and tunneling current in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor with a high dielectric constant (high-K) oxide stack of HfO2 and SiO2 and a negative bias applied to the metal gate were derived. Exponential- and Airy-wavefunction approaches were employed in deriving analytically the electron transmittance and tunneling current. A numerical approach based on a transfer matrix method was used as a standard to evaluate the analytical approaches. It was found that the transmittances obtained under the exponential- and Airy-wavefunction approaches and the TMM are matching for low electron energies, while for higher energies only the transmittances calculated by employing the Airy- wavefunction approach is the same as those computed by using the TMM. It was also found that the tunneling currents calculated by using the exponential- and the Airy-wavefunction approaches and the TMM are equal for low oxide voltages (lower than 0.5 V), while for higher oxide voltages only the tunneling currents computed under the Airy-wavefunction approach fit those obtained under the TMM. Therefore, the Airy-wavefunction approach provides a better analytical model to tunneling processes in the MOS capacitor.
Imaging Subsurface Fracture and Void using Wide-Band Inversion of Fresnel Interpolated Wavepath Seismic Tomography
Authors: Nurhandoko Bagus E. B.
Published: February 2022

Studying existence of fracture, void as well as fault in subsurface are important and it has wide applications. In addition, fracture and void play important role in reservoir productivity as well as in geotechnical application. The problem in imaging fracture and void in subsurface, however, is resolution. It needs high-resolution imaging method laterally as well as vertically. The seismic velocity imaging, however, usually has poor lateral resolution. Seismic tomography provides better resolution than conventional velocity analysis methods. Conventional raypath seismic tomography, however, needs dense as well as high angle and wide measurement configuration that is high cost in field data acquisition. I propose to use Fresnel interpolated wavepath (FIW) wide-band inversion. FIW is an interpolation between imaginary part of Rhytov scattering wavepath and raypath. Then, FIW is combined with wide band inversion procedure to handle sparseness configuration of measurement. By this method, smooth constraint is implemented more naturally by based on wave's spectrum. Furthermore, it can produce more stable inversion procedure. In this paper, Wide-band inversion of FIW tomography is tested into various seismic field data in order to image void, fault and fracture. The results showed that tomography based on FIW could handle the limitation of configuration angle, sparseness configuration and resulting good image. We use many difficult cases of field data such as: subsurface tunnel imaging and also void-fracture imaging in volcanic rock
Effect of Annealed Si/Ti/Pt Hetero Structure on The Response Time and Signals of Hydrogen Sensors
Authors: Widanarto Wahyu , Abdullatif Farzand , Senft Christoph , Hansch Walter
Published: February 2022

Titanium (Ti) and platinum (Pt) films deposited on p-doped Si electrode were incorporated as gas sensitive electrodes in Kelvin and Floating Gate Field Effect Transistor (FG-FET) systems. The films were annealed in oxygen at 800°C. SEM and EDX characterization methods were employed to study the surface of these films. Work function changes with respect to various hydrogen concentrations have been measured as a function of temperature and humidity. The results show that nano grains of titanium silicide (TiSi2) and Pt islands are formed after the annealing. Annealed TiSi2/Pt films are well suitable to significantly stabilize FG-FET based hydrogen sensor. The sensors can detect H2 in concentration range between 0.3% and 2% from room temperature up to 135°C. The response time is quite fast i.e. t90 ~ 43.2 seconds. An experiment on the stability has proved that signal pattern of the sensors remained stable one month after first conditioning.
A Distorted Wave Method Applied to Study the 23 P Excitation of Helium Atom by Electron Impact
Authors: Linturi James Mugambi , Okumu J , Singh C S
Published: February 2022

The distorted wave method has been applied to calculate the differential and integral cross sections for 11S-23P excitations of helium atom by electron impact in the energy range of 40-200 eV. The initial distortion potential is taken as the static potential of the helium (target) atom in the initial state (11S) while the final distortion potential is taken as the average of the initial- and final-state static potentials of helium atom. The distorted waves are determined by partial wave expansion method by expanding it in terms of spherical harmonics and the radial equation corresponding to distorted waves is solved by use of Numerov method. A computer program DWBA1 written for e--H scattering by Madison and Bartschat is modified to perform the numerical calculations for e--He scattering and the results obtained are compared with experimental and theoretical results. The present results for 11S-23P transition are in a good agreement with experimental and theoretical results.
Effect of a Transverse Magnetic Field on Buoyancy-Driven Flow and Heat Transfer in a Porous Trapezoidal Enclosure
Authors: Saleh Habibis , Hashim Ishak
Published: February 2022

The effect of a magnetic field on buoyancy-driven flow and heat transfer in a trapezoidal enclosure filled with a fluid-saturated porous medium is studied numerically using the finite difference method. The inclined sloping boundaries are treated by adopting staircase-like zigzag lines. The sloping walls are maintained isothermally at different temperatures. The top and bottom horizontal straight walls are kept adiabatic. The results indicate that the heat is transferred almost entirely by pure conduction with a sufficiently large magnetic field. Utilitizing the square geometry is more effective to suppress the heat transfer rate than the trapezoidal geometry.
A Model Calculation of Temperature and Size Dependent Thermoluminescence Intensity from Silicon Nanostructures
Authors: Debelo Nebiyu Gemechu
Published: February 2022

Thermoluminescence (TL) from silicon nanostructures has received considerable attention in recent years. Despite of some theoretical and experimental investigation, the origin and mechanism of TL is not clearly understood. Most of the bulk materials start showing fascinating behaviors as their size is reduced to nano level. The ability to emit light as a consequence of absorption of energy (luminescence) is one of these exotic behaviors. TL is the thermally stimulated emission of light due to absorption of energy from radiation. So, there is a direct relationship between temperature (due to absorption of heat or radiation) and the TL intensity. Starting from the concept of bulk material, we derive the mathematical expression for the temperature and size dependent TL intensity using model calculation. We specifically calculate the TL intensity as a function of temperature and nanoparticle size.
MPS simulation on melt penetration of CAFÉ experiment at 1200 C
Authors: Pramutadi Andi Mustari Asril , Iksal Iksal , Sumiati Sumiati
Published: February 2022

After Fukushima accident, molten relocation inside the reactor is still unclear due to difficulties of detecting internal condition. Eutectic reaction is one of the main mechanism of internal structure liquefaction. Moving particle semi- implicit (MPS) is suitable of analyzing localized phenomena such as eutectic reaction due to its capability on simulating surface with large deformation. In this work, the MPS code for eutectic reaction was developed for calculating melting rate and its relocation process. Based on the MPS model, the CAFÉ core melt experiment was analyzed. For melting penetration rate of molten uranium into stainless steel at 1200 C, two dimensional MPS simulation predicted agreeable result.
Control of Acoustic Extinguisher with Deep Neural Networks for Fire Detection
Authors: Wilk-Jakubowski Jacek Lukasz , Stawczyk Pawel , Ivanov Stefan , Stankov Stanko
Published: February 2022

The search for fast and environmentally safe methods of fighting fires has been a particularly important topic in recent years. Many academic centres are conducting research on the use of Deep Neural Networks to detect flames. One of the most promising is the acoustic method of extinguishing flames. In theory, an acoustic extinguisher can be applied to extinguish fires of different classes because acoustic waves pass through solids, liquids, and gases. In principle, the technology described in the article can be used to extinguish B- and C-class fires when gases or liquids are burning. Until now, the known studies have been conducted only for low-power acoustic extinguishers. Therefore, there is a need to fill a theoretical and practical gap in this respect (scientific novelty). The result of the activities is the development of new techniques for extinguishing flames with the use of Deep Neural Networks, and then extinguishing flames using a high and very high power loudspeaker applied to the acoustic extinguisher. The main aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of using Deep Neural Networks to detect fires, as well as the results of research on the extinguishing of flames with the use of square waveforms with Amplitude Modulation (AM) for several frequencies, which is also a scientific novelty, including the minimum acoustic power and sound pressure level as a function of a distance from the output of the acoustic system. On this basis, it became possible to determine the minimum power delivered to the extinguisher and the minimum sound pressure level that causes the extinguishing effect at given input parameters.
Hazardous Waste Granule Composting by Cycled Retort Using Microwave Radiated Asphalt/Asphaltite Coal Slime Mixing
Authors: İsmail Tosun Yıldırım
Published: February 2022

The hazardous sludge metal content of Mazıdağı metal leaching and electrowinning plants causes a great threat to ecology. The high-level metal and salt contaminants occurred in the copper leaching waste tailing ponds. The seepage liquors leak through the permeable bottom of ponds, such as acidic seepages. While urbanization needs freshwater; freshwater demand in the region increases because of global warming and drought. The estimated contamination values are avoided designing the controlling contamination level systems and meeting the disposal compost demand. In this approach, the demand for land covering and compost disposal has been designed as pellet or granule units determined independently of the specific needs of fertilizer products, agricultural remediation, and human needs. The amounts of sludge and wet hazardous toxic waste sludge’s of Mazıdağı Phosphate Plants of Eti Bakır in Mardin change the ecosystem. The hazardous sludge of plant tailings is needed planned paste disposal or controlled regional dumping, pool effluents barrier on regarding seepage control demand of the freshwater lake of town region. The planned work is disposal tests for waste sludge composting as pasting. Additionally, this method protects ecology and improves waste sludge disposal by neutralizing it at a small scale. Even the toxicity will be easily monitored. Heavy metal contamination hazard maps will be prepared and an agricultural warning system will be established for agricultural irrigation.
Optical Nonlinearities in Glasses
Authors: Cristina Vasconcelos Helena
Published: February 2022

The field of photonics has been the target of constant innovations based on a deep knowledge of the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of materials and especially on information/data technologies. This chapter compiles some of the main physical aspects needed to understand NLO responses, especially in glasses. Any deviation from the linear correlation between a material’s polarization response and the electric component of an applied electromagnetic field is an example of nonlinear optic behavior. Heavy metal oxide and chalcogenide glasses offer the largest nonlinear response. For example, high refractive index and high dispersion glasses fall in the type of non-resonant devices, while the resonant ones comprise metal nanoparticle doped glasses. Metal nanoparticles’ doped glasses can be pre- pared by the sol-gel method. The optical absorption spectrum of Ag-doped silica glass shows the presence of an absorption band of surface Plasmon Resonance due to Ag nanoparticles at 420 nm and Z-scan has been used to study the NLO properties. This chapter contains a brief discussion of the basic principles of nonlinear optics, the review of the nonlinear optical of glass in general, and two separate sections concerning the nonlinear optical effects in the glasses doped with quantum dots and metals, respectively.
Toward Optimization of Medical Therapies with a Little Help from Knowledge Management
Authors: Rodas-Osollo Jorge , Olmos-Sánchez Karla
Published: February 2022

This chapter emphasizes the importance of identifying and managing knowledge from Informally Structured Domains, especially in the medical field, where very short and repeated serial measurements are often present. This information is made up of attributes of both patients and their treatments that influence their state of health and usually includes measurements of various parameters taken at different times during the duration of treatment and usually after the application of the therapeutic resource. The chapter communicates the use of the KDSM methodology through a case study and the importance of paying attention to the characteristics of the domain to perform appropriate knowledge management in the domain.
Promoting Curiosity, Creativity and Clarity in Management Education
Authors: Walsh Christian
Published: February 2022

In order for management education to move beyond the analytical thinking of the last century to promote creative thinking more appropriate for today’s organizations we need to build new courses that allow for organic flexible approaches to building diverse types of knowledge. We need to nurture student curiosity and encourage them to delve deeply into unknown fields. By approaching problems with curious humility they can begin to understand the nuances of tensions and trade-offs that exist at the heart of complex issues. We also need to unleash student creativity and support intelligent generative failure in order to learn. They need to learn the skills of experimentation in order to test ideas in uncertain contexts. We also need to promote clarity of purpose and communication that will enable innovation to be implemented and have positive impact in the world. In this chapter a new process model covering each of these aspects is described along with an illustrative example of how this has been applied in a redesigned MBA course over the last 5 years.
Laser Welding
Authors: Tayebi Morteza , Mohammad Soltani Hedayat , Rajaee Ali
Published: February 2022

Among novel techniques, laser welding is considered an adaptable and rapidly evolving method, finding innumerable applications in engineering industries. It is capable of welding narrow and impassable joints precisely, which can be operated under computer control. This chapter of the welding Handbook reviews the most recent developments in the field of laser welding, which are used for different applications. The first section provides an overview of laser welding basics and then moves on to the developments such as high-power CO2 laser welding, laser micro-welding, and solid-state laser welding technologies. The second section underlines laser welding instruments used for joining different materials such as titanium, aluminum, and magnesium alloys, ceramics, and plastics. The third section highlights the advances in innovative laser welding methods with discussions on the applications of laser welding robots to improve the modeling and simulation of this technique. Lastly, the fourth section focuses on the use of laser welding technology in various industries including aerospace, automotive, railway, etc. The present Handbook is a practical reference for scholars, engineers, and professionals using laser welding techniques or requiring an understanding of the field of laser welding technologies.
Urbogeosystemic Approach to Agglomeration Study within the Urban Remote Sensing Frameworks
Authors: Kostrikov Sergiy , Seryogin Denis
Published: February 2022

The spatial arrangement of human activity within urban areas is normally provided by areal management, and its effective provision is a complicated problem. The current urban development causes a number of problems and urgent challenges, which can be met and resolved exclusively on the basis of innovative scientific and technological advances. The main research objective of this chapter is to represent the authors’ theoretic concept of the urban geographical system combined with the original Urban Remote Sensing approach based on the advanced technique of airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data processing. The authors attempted to prove that the presented concept could contribute to an understanding of the urban agglomeration as an urbanized spatial entity. The chapter explains in what way the urbanistic environment is a quasi-rasterized 3D model of actual city space, and the urbogeosystem (UGS) is a quasi-vector 3D model of the hierarchical formalized aggregate of UGS elementary functional units–buildings, both can efficiently simulate and visualize an urbanized area. Web-based geoinformation software for LiDAR data processing with the objectives of urban studies has been introduced together with its key functionalities. The population estimation use case has been examined in detail within the presented approach frameworks.
PID Gain Tuning for Robust Control of PMDC Motor for External Disturbance Rejection with Constrained Motor Parameter Variations through H∞
Authors: Venktareddy Prasanth , Narayanappa Anand Prashanth , Pundareekane Kanchappa Prakasha
Published: February 2022

This chapter describes the controller modeling for PID gain tuning against the external disturbances with constrained internal parameter variation of the PMDC motor based on an optimization technique of H-infinity. To fit the goals in the H infinite framework, auto tuning of the PID controller gains is used. Different performance goals for tracking are preset as design objectives. Researchers in literature have presented many Robust Control techniques for motor control applications. Methods like back-stepping algorithms, fuzzy and neural based control systems, model predictive control and SMC (Sliding Mode Control) are available in literature. In this chapter, SC (speed control) of PMDC-motor is addressed with variations in outer load disturbances and internal variations of the system parameters for a particular application. C-PID (conventional PID controllers) is preferred, and equivalent robustness characteristics are established using the H-infinity development procedures. The optimization effort is to get simultaneous fast-tracking response and better disturbance rejection.
Devolution of Decision-Making: Tools and Technologies towards Equitable Place-Based Participation in Planning
Authors: Horgan Donagh
Published: February 2022

Neoliberal development has increased spatial inequalities for communities in both urban and peri-urban settlements across in the global north and south alike. The financialisation of property has increased urban development in favour of opaque private and semi-public actors, making it harder for community stakeholders to influence decision-making. Social innovation in which diverse stakeholders collaborate towards sustainability and resilience in the built environment, offers pathways towards place-based policy-making and more inclusive growth, but needs political support and tools to facilitate participation. Using findings from a set of international cases, this chapter considers the effectiveness of participatory approaches to decision-making, and digital tools that facilitate public consultation. Cases consider the effectiveness of mechanisms available to communities in the cities of Moscow, Belgrade and Edinburgh to influence urban development. Literature review and new knowledge is brought together to shine light on whether information and communications technologies are used to provide a veneer of engagement with communities, and whether more bottom-up or insurgent tactics can give citizens a voice to influence more equitable future cities.