bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Changes in Drinking Behaviour among Subpopulations of Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gohari Mahmood R. , Varatharajan Thepikaa , MacKillop James , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: July 2023

Objective: Youth drinking is highly heterogenous, and subpopulations representing different alcohol use patterns may have responded differently to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined changing patterns of alcohol use in subpopulations of the youth population over the first two years of the pandemic. Method: We used linked survey data from 5367 Canadian secondary school students who participated in three consecutive waves of the COMPASS study between 2018/19 and 2020/21. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to identify patterns of alcohol use based on the frequency of drinking and frequency of binge drinking and to estimate the probability of transitioning between identified patterns. Results: LTA identified five patterns of alcohol use each representing a unique subpopulation: abstainer, occasional drinker-no binging, occasional binge drinker, monthly binge drinker, weekly binge drinker. Probability of being engaged in binge drinking for a subpopulation of occasional drinkers pre-pandemic was 61%, which reduced to 43% during the early-pandemic period. A lower proportion of occasional binge drinkers reported moving to monthly or weekly binge drinking. Female occasional drinkers were more likely to move to binge drinking patterns during the pandemic than males. Conclusions: Less frequent drinking and younger students were more likely to reduce their drinking and binge drinking than more established drinkers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding of heterogenous patterns of alcohol drinking and different responses to public health crises may inform future preventive programs tailored to target subpopulations more effectively.
Before or after Planting? Mycorrhizal and Bacterial Biostimulants and Extracts in Intense Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Production
Authors: Schmitzer Valentina , Stampar Franci , Turk Anze , Jakopic Jerneja , Hudina Metka , Veberic Robert , Smrke Tina
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of a combination of several mycorrhizal and bacterial biostimulants, applied before and after planting, on the ‘Clery’ strawberry’s performance. Vegetative and reproductive parameters (the number of crowns per plant, root/canopy weight and dimensions, the number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, and fruit yield per plant) were monitored on nine harvest dates. Additionally, external and internal fruit quality (firmness, color, soluble solids content, and primary and secondary metabolites) was determined. The application of product combinations resulted in significantly improved vegetative growth, fruit dimensions, and fruit weight. Consequently, more than 30% higher yields were determined for the treated plants. A minor decrease in vitamin C (approx. 6%), total individual sugars (approx. 10%), organic acids (approx. 9%), and total phenolics (approx. 7%) was detected in the treated plants, but the differences were not uniform during the harvest. The accumulation of anthocyanins was least affected by product application, and the fruit exhibited comparable color characteristics, which is important for the consumers. The use of biostimulants in intense strawberry production is justified as the products improve the vegetative development of strawberry plants, which produce significantly more marketable fruit.
Relationships between Physical Activity and Selected Chronic Diseases among Functionally Independent Long-Term Care Residents during the Post-Lockdown Period in Croatia
Authors: Crnković Ivana , Lončarek Karmen , Železnik Danica , Ledinski Fičko Sanja , Vlahović Tomislav , Režan Robert , Knežević Goran
Published: July 2023

The aim of this observational study was to investigate the level and association of physical activity and selected chronic diseases in functionally independent LTC residents after prolonged physical and social isolation during COVID-19 in Croatia. Adhering to the inclusion criteria, 180 functionally independent residents were included in the study. Assessment of physical activity was carried out by 7-day motor monitoring. Prolonged physical and social isolation negatively affected the achieved level of physical activity of LTC residents (x¯ = 5058.74). Major depressive disorder resulted in significantly lower residents’ physical activity scores, demonstrating a shrinking effect ranging from 0.42 to 0.45. A significant negative impact on the residents’ physical activity was also found in the presence of osteoarthritis and iron deficiency anemia, where a downward effect was present in the range from 0.66–0.72 and 0.64 to 0.66. The presence of comorbidities has a significant negative impact on the residents’ physical activity, where a downward effect is present in the range from 0.91–0.92.
Generalized Linear Models to Forecast Malaria Incidence in Three Endemic Regions of Senegal
Authors: Diao Ousmane , Absil P.-A. , Diallo Mouhamadou
Published: July 2023

Affecting millions of individuals yearly, malaria is one of the most dangerous and deadly tropical diseases. It is a major global public health problem, with an alarming spread of parasite transmitted by mosquito (Anophele). Various studies have emerged that construct a mathematical and statistical model for malaria incidence forecasting. In this study, we formulate a generalized linear model based on Poisson and negative binomial regression models for forecasting malaria incidence, taking into account climatic variables (such as the monthly rainfall, average temperature, relative humidity), other predictor variables (the insecticide-treated bed-nets (ITNs) distribution and Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)) and the history of malaria incidence in Dakar, Fatick and Kedougou, three different endemic regions of Senegal. A forecasting algorithm is developed by taking the meteorological explanatory variable Xj at time t−𝓁j, where t is the observation time and 𝓁j is the lag in Xj that maximizes its correlation with the malaria incidence. We saturated the rainfall in order to reduce over-forecasting. The results of this study show that the Poisson regression model is more adequate than the negative binomial regression model to forecast accurately the malaria incidence taking into account some explanatory variables. The application of the saturation where the over-forecasting was observed noticeably increases the quality of the forecasts.
The Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of Pinus massoniana to Drought Stress and a Functional Study on the ERF1 Transcription Factor
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Wang Dengbao , Chen Peizhen , Zhang Chi , Yao Sheng , Hao Qingqing , Agassin Romaric Hippolyte , Ji Kongshu
Published: July 2023

Pinus massoniana is a major fast-growing timber tree species planted in arid areas of south China, which has a certain drought-resistant ability. However, severe drought and long-term water shortage limit its normal growth and development. Therefore, in this study, physiological indices, and the transcriptome sequencing and cloning of AP2/ERF transcription factor of P. massonsiana were determined to clarify its molecular mechanism of drought stress. The results showed that stomatal conductance (Gs) content was significantly decreased, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content were significantly increased under drought stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared to the control, 9, 3550, and 4142 unigenes with differential expression were identified by comparing plants subjected to light, moderate or severe drought. AP2/ERF with high expression was screened out for cloning. To investigate the biological functions of ERF1, it was over-expressed in wild-type Populus davdianaand × P. bolleana via the leaf disc method. Under drought stress, compared to wild-type plants, ERF1 over-expressing poplar lines (OE) maintained a higher photosynthetic rate and growth, while the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance significantly decreased and water use efficiency was improved, indicating that drought tolerance was enhanced. This study provides an insight into the molecular mechanism of drought stress adaptation in P. massoniana.
LAR Downregulation Protects the Astrocytic U251 and Cocultured SH-SY5Y Cells in a Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Cell Model
Authors: Zheng Wei , Han Xiao , Han Bing , Li Gang , Gan Jing , Wang Tian , Xu Bo , He Jie , Du Wenxiao , Cao Xiaolin , Wang Zhenhua
Published: July 2023

Leukocyte common antigen-related protein tyrosine phosphatase (LAR) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family that serves as a key regulator of cellular survival. It is also involved in neurodevelopment and brain disorders. This study was designed to investigate the role of LAR in a cell-based model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in which U251 and SH-SY5Y cells were used as models of astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons, respectively. Cell viability, cell death, cell morphology, protein phosphorylation and expression, ATP levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed in the wild-type (WT) and heterozygous LAR-knockout astrocytoma U251 cells to assess the cell state, signal transduction, and mitochondrial function. LAR downregulation showed a protective effect in rotenone-exposed U251 cells by increasing cell viability, reducing cell mortality, and restoring appropriate cellular morphology. LAR downregulation enhanced IGF-1R phosphorylation and downstream signal transduction as evidenced by increases in the Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation, as well as the upregulation of NRF2 and HO-1. The downregulation of LAR also augmented DJ-1 levels in these cells. The enhanced Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation contributed to a reduced Bax/Bcl2 ratio and suppressed apoptosis after rotenone exposure. Heterozygous LAR-knockout U251 cells exhibited higher mitochondrial function evidenced by increased mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP contents, and reduced ROS production compared to the WT cells following rotenone exposure. Further studies showed that the astrocytic protection mediated by the heterozygous knockout of LAR was associated with the activation of Akt. A specific Akt inhibitor, MK2206, reduced the cell viability, Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation, and HO-1 and NRF2 expression in U251 cells exposed to rotenone. Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support to maintain neuronal health. Astrocytic glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) production is vital for dopaminergic neuron survival. Heterozygous LAR-knockout U251 cells produced higher amounts of GDNF than the WT cells. The SH-SY5Y cells cocultured with heterozygous LAR-knockout U251 cells exhibited greater viability than that of cells cocultured with WT U251 cells in response to rotenone. Together, these findings demonstrate that the heterozygous knockout of LAR in astrocytes can play a key role in protecting both astrocytic cells and cocultured neurons in a rotenone-induced cell-based model of PD. This neuroprotective effect is attributable to the augmentation of IGF1R-Akt-GDNF signaling and the maintenance of astrocytic mitochondrial function.
The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion?
Authors: Ellen Olivia , Ye Sining , Nheu Danica , Dass Mary , Pagnin Maurice , Ozturk Ezgi , Theotokis Paschalis , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Petratos Steven
Published: July 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system that is governed by neural tissue loss and dystrophy during its progressive phase, with complex reactive pathological cellular changes. The immune-mediated mechanisms that promulgate the demyelinating lesions during relapses of acute episodes are not characteristic of chronic lesions during progressive MS. This has limited our capacity to target the disease effectively as it evolves within the central nervous system white and gray matter, thereby leaving neurologists without effective options to manage individuals as they transition to a secondary progressive phase. The current review highlights the molecular and cellular sequelae that have been identified as cooperating with and/or contributing to neurodegeneration that characterizes individuals with progressive forms of MS. We emphasize the need for appropriate monitoring via known and novel molecular and imaging biomarkers that can accurately detect and predict progression for the purposes of newly designed clinical trials that can demonstrate the efficacy of neuroprotection and potentially neurorepair. To achieve neurorepair, we focus on the modifications required in the reactive cellular and extracellular milieu in order to enable endogenous cell growth as well as transplanted cells that can integrate and/or renew the degenerative MS plaque.
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Microglial Reactivity in a Rodent Model of Global Transient Stroke
Authors: Moya-Gómez Amanda , Font Lena Pérez , Burlacu Andreea , Alpizar Yeranddy A. , Cardonne Miriam Marañón , Brône Bert , Bronckaers Annelies
Published: July 2023

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS) was demonstrated to be significantly beneficial in rodent models of permanent stroke. The mechanism involved enhanced cerebrovascular perfusion and endothelial cell nitric oxide production. However, the possible effect on the neuroinflammatory response and its efficacy in reperfusion stroke models remains unclear. To evaluate ELF-EMS effectiveness and possible immunomodulatory response, we studied neurological outcome, behavior, neuronal survival, and glial reactivity in a rodent model of global transient stroke treated with 13.5 mT/60 Hz. Next, we studied microglial cells migration and, in organotypic hippocampal brain slices, we assessed neuronal survival and microglia reactivity. ELF-EMS improved the neurological score and behavior in the ischemia-reperfusion model. It also improved neuronal survival and decreased glia reactivity in the hippocampus, with microglia showing the first signs of treatment effect. In vitro ELF-EMS decreased (Lipopolysaccharide) LPS and ATP-induced microglia migration in both scratch and transwell assay. Additionally, in hippocampal brain slices, reduced microglial reactivity, improved neuronal survival, and modulation of inflammation-related markers was observed. Our study is the first to show that an EMF treatment has a direct impact on microglial migration. Furthermore, ELF-EMS has beneficial effects in an ischemia/reperfusion model, which indicates that this treatment has clinical potential as a new treatment against ischemic stroke.
The QPLEX™ Plus Assay Kit for the Early Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Na Hunjong , Shin Ki Young , Lee Dokyung , Yoon Changsik , Han Sun-Ho , Park Jong-Chan , Mook-Jung Inhee , Jang Jisung , Kwon Sunghoon
Published: July 2023

We recently developed a multiplex diagnostic kit, QPLEX™ Alz plus assay kit, which captures amyloid-β1-40, galectin-3 binding protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and periostin simultaneously using microliters of peripheral blood and utilizes an optimized algorithm for screening Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by correlating with cerebral amyloid deposition. Owing to the demand for early AD detection, we investigate the potential of our kit for the early clinical diagnosis of AD. A total of 1395 participants were recruited, and their blood samples were analyzed with the QPLEX™ kit. The average of QPLEX™ algorithm values in each group increased gradually in the order of the clinical progression continuum of AD: cognitively normal (0.382 ± 0.150), subjective cognitive decline (0.452 ± 0.130), mild cognitive impairment (0.484 ± 0.129), and AD (0.513 ± 0.136). The algorithm values between each group showed statistically significant differences among groups divided by Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating. The QPLEX™ algorithm values could be used to distinguish the clinical continuum of AD or cognitive function. Because blood-based diagnosis is more accessible, convenient, and cost- and time-effective than cerebral spinal fluid or positron emission tomography imaging-based diagnosis, the QPLEX™ kit can potentially be used for health checkups and the early clinical diagnosis of AD.
Effectiveness and Adherence of Dry Eye Patients Who Switched from Short- to Long-Acting Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution
Authors: Ishikawa Sho , Sasaki Takanori , Maruyama Takahumi , Murayama Koichiro , Shinoda Kei
Published: July 2023

Long-acting (lasting extend) diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3% (DQSLX) is administered three times daily versus six times daily for the currently approved diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS). We investigated the efficacy and adherence of switching from DQS to DQSLX in patients with dry eye disease. We retrospectively enrolled 54 patients (17 men and 37 women) with eye drop prescription changes from DQS to DQSLX between December 2022 and March 2023. The number of eye drops, subjective symptoms, tear breakup time (TBUT), and fluorescein staining scores from baseline to 4 weeks after starting DQSLX were evaluated. Participants then chose between DQSLX and DQS. Patients administered DQSLX three times per day, as listed on the package insert, 88.9% of the time; significantly higher than the 5.6% of patients who used DQS six times per day, as instructed. The DQSLX group showed significant improvements in symptoms and fluorescein staining scores (23.3 ± 20.1 and 0.8 ± 1.7, respectively) compared with the baseline (37.8 ± 24.1 and 1.1 ± 1.5, p = 0.01 and <0.001, respectively). The TBUT in the DQSLX group (5.0 ± 2.5 s) did not significantly improve compared to the DQS group (4.5 ± 1.7 s) (p = 0.75). Fifty-one (94.4%) patients opted to continue DQSLX because of the pleasant feeling of the eye drops, long-lasting moisture, and less frequent administration. The efficacy and adherence of DQSLX was comparable to DQS.
Does COVID-19 Infection within 1 Week after Total Knee Arthroplasty Affect Patients’ Early Clinical Outcomes? A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Bae Jung-Kwon , Seo Jae-Sung , Shin Seong-Kee , Kim Seo-Jin , Kim Jun-Ho
Published: July 2023

Recent studies have reported the impact of previous COVID-19 infection on the early clinical outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the timing of infection before the surgery was not constant and a study on patients with COVID-19 infection within 1 week after TKA is lacking. This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection within one week after TKA on the postoperative outcomes and to compare the early clinical outcomes to those who were not infected with COVID-19 before and after surgery. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of clinical outcomes or complications. The length of the hospital stay (LOS) was significantly longer for the COVID-19 group than for the non-COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher for the study group on postoperative days 9 and 12 than for those in the control group (p < 0.05). However, D-dimer levels were not significantly different between the two groups. We should cautiously consider that COVID-19 infection within 1 week after TKA may be associated with increased ESR, CRP levels, and length of hospital stay, but they are not associated with the worsening of early clinical outcomes or the occurrence of complications.
The 1450-nm Diode Laser Reduces Redness and Porphyrin Density: An Image-Based, Patient-Oriented Appraisal
Authors: Chu Gong-Yau , Huang Chieh-Chen , Shih Nai-Hua , Hsu Chung-Hua , Wu Ching-Ying
Published: July 2023

Background: Acne vulgaris remains the leading dermatological condition. The efficacy of laser treatment has been supported by many clinical studies, but studies investigating its multidimensional action are lacking. Aim: To comprehensively investigate the efficacy of 1450-nm diode laser treatment in patients with inflammatory acne and provide objective and subjective data for doctors in clinical practice. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with inflammatory acne lesions who underwent three courses of 1450-nm diode laser treatment between October 2019 and August 2020. Facial surface analysis was performed via objective computer assessments using the Canfield VISIA imaging system. Post-treatment subjective assessments were retrieved and analyzed using the clinical global impression–improvement index (CGI-I) and patient global impression of improvement scales (PGI-I). Results: The final analysis included 20 patients. The changes in the porphyrin VISIA system scores demonstrated significant improvement, with median scores being 35.83, 48.83, and 54.83, respectively. The changes in the red area VISIA scores also showed improvement, with the median scores being 48, 50.33, and 58.83, respectively. The average CGI-I scale scores were 2.2 ± 1.01, 1.70 ± 0.80, and 1.50 ± 0.76, respectively (p = 0.001), and the average PGI-I scale scores were 3.10 ± 0.85, 3.10 ± 0.97, and 3.05 ± 0.95, respectively (p = 0.727), with no significant changes observed in sebum production. Conclusions: The present study is the first to provide objective and subjective evidence proving that the 1450-nm diode laser can reduce inflammatory acne lesions.
Overall Accuracy of Radiological Digital Planning for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Specialized Orthopaedics Hospital
Authors: Dragosloveanu Serban , Petre Mihnea-Alexandru , Gherghe Mihai Emanuel , Nedelea Dana-Georgiana , Scheau Cristian , Cergan Romica
Published: July 2023

Preoperative radiological planning is a key factor in the prediction of implant size and positioning that influences surgical time, the risk of complications, and functional outcomes. We have tested the accuracy of the digital templating performed in our hospital for a sample of 215 patients that underwent total hip arthroplasty. We assessed the accuracy of correctly predicting implant size for the femoral and acetabular components, as well as the stem neck length. We found that our method of templating proved accurate (within one size) in 95.8% of cases for the stem and 94.9% for the cup when using the anteroposterior view only, while the lateral view was accurate in 95.8% of cases for the stem and 97.2% for the cup. Exact prediction of the stem size was obtained in 77.7% of cases using the anteroposterior view and 67.0% of cases on the lateral view, and 73.0% and 74.4% of cases for the cup on the AP and LL views, respectively. Stem neck size was predicted exactly in 75.35% of cases and within one size in 93.49% of cases. We concluded that our method of digital templating using dedicated software is highly effective in accurately predicting implant size.
Chronic Kidney Disease–Associated Pruritus and Quality of Life: Learning from Our Patients
Authors: Esteve-Simó Vicent , Perez-Morales Rosa , Buades-Fuster Juan Manuel , Arenas Jimenez Maria Dolores , Areste-Fosalba Nuria , Alcalde Bezhold Guillermo , Blanco Santos Ana , Sanchez Álvarez Emilio , Sanchez Villanueva Rafael , Molina Pablo , Ojeda Raquel , Prieto-Velasco Mario , Goicoechea Marian
Published: July 2023

Chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus is itching directly related to kidney disease that cannot be explained by any other condition. Despite technological advances in the different aspects of dialysis sessions and the best treatment for chronic kidney disease patients, it is still a common problem in our patients. The many complex physiological mechanisms involved, the different hypotheses made over the years on the aetiology of the condition, and the great clinical variability may partially explain the limited knowledge about this problem and the difficulties in treating it. The presence of all these factors leads to the persistence of unpleasant symptoms, which must affect the disease burden and quality of life of kidney patients. Through the presentation of an illustrative clinical case, the aim of this review article is to highlight the need for adequate diagnosis and an improved approach to all aspects of chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus, in view of the heavy burden of the disease and the huge impact on the patient’s quality of life.
It’s Time to Go Quantum in Medicine
Authors: Bisiani Joseph , Anugu Adith , Pentyala Srinivas
Published: July 2023

As the field of medicine grows and expands, new scientific developments hold great promise for improving quality of care, clinical research, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Quantum physics is a promising field that intersects with medicine much more than originally understood. In terms of diagnosing different diseases, incorporating quantum mechanics into the study of medicine can allow for efficient diagnosis before symptoms even arise in a patient. Applying theory-based mathematical structures that describe neuron transmission throughout the brain and mind on a quantum scale can help us to better understand neurological diseases in patients. Quantum theory can even give plausible explanations for subtle DNA changes and even telomere reduction in patients who develop cancer. Utilizing quantum theory in the field of medicine can help in understanding and applying treatments for a multitude of different diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or diverse types of cancer, and even expand upon efficient and reliable diagnosis in clinical settings. Quantum physics is a pertinent advancing field that may have a significant impact on expanding medical care and treatment in the near future. In this review, the application of quantum physics in medicine is discussed.
Differences in Ventilation Management and Outcomes between the Two First Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Comparison between Two Nationwide Observational Studies in The Netherlands
Authors: Hol Liselotte , Schultz Marcus J. , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , van Meenen David M. P. , Serpa Neto Ary , Paulus Frederique ,   PRoAcT-COVID Investigators
Published: July 2023

The aim of this analysis was to compare ventilation management and outcomes in invasively ventilated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between the first and second wave in the Netherlands. This is a post hoc analysis of two nationwide observational COVID-19 studies conducted in quick succession. The primary endpoint was ventilation management. Secondary endpoints were tracheostomy use, duration of ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and mortality. We used propensity score matching to control for observed confounding factors. This analysis included 1122 patients from the first and 568 patients from the second wave. Patients in the second wave were sicker, had more comorbidities, and had worse oxygenation parameters. They were ventilated with lower positive end-expiratory pressure and higher fraction inspired oxygen, had a lower oxygen saturation, received neuromuscular blockade more often, and were less often tracheostomized. Duration of ventilation was shorter, but mortality rates were similar. After matching, the fraction of inspired oxygen was lower in the second wave. In patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19, aspects of respiratory care and outcomes rapidly changed over the successive waves.
Which of 51 Plate Designs Can Most Stably Fixate the Fragments in a Fracture of the Mandibular Condyle Base?
Authors: Kozakiewicz Marcin , Okulski Jakub , Krasowski Michał , Konieczny Bartłomiej , Zieliński Rafał
Published: July 2023

In the surgical treatment of the most common fracture of the mandible, which is a fracture of the condylar base, a great choice of different plate shapes is observed. The aim of this study was to determine which shape gives the greatest fixation stiffness. To ensure homogeneity in comparison, tests were performed on polyurethane models divided at the level of the condylar base fracture and each were fixed with 51 plates. The plates were cut from a 1 mm thick grade 23 titanium sheet. The models were then loaded and the force required for 1 mm of fracture displacement was recorded. It was noted that in addition to osteosynthesis from two simple plates, there were also two dedicated single plates with similar rigidity. Among the large number of described designs of plates, there is considerable variation in terms of the stability of the fixation performed with them. The proposed Mechanical Excellence Factor allows a pre-evaluation of the expected rigidity of fixation with a given plate shape without the need for a loading experiment. The authors expect this to be helpful for surgeons in the application of relevant plates, as well for inventors of new plates for the osteosynthesis of basal fractures in mandibular condyle.
Visualization of the SyncAV® Algorithm for CRT Optimization by Non-invasive Imaging of Cardiac Electrophysiology: NICE-CRT Trial
Authors: Spitaler Philipp , Pfeifer Bernhard Erich , Mayr Agnes , Bachler Rudolf , Bilgeri Valentin , Adukauskaite Agne , Bauer Axel , Stühlinger Markus , Barbieri Fabian , Dichtl Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Periodic repetitive AV interval optimization using a device-based algorithm in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices may improve clinical outcomes. There is an unmet need to successfully transform its application into clinical routine. (2) Methods: Non-invasive imaging of cardiac electrophysiology was performed in different device programming settings of the SyncAV® algorithm in 14 heart failure patients with left bundle branch block and a PR interval ≤ 250 milliseconds to determine the shortest ventricular activation time. (3) Results: the best offset time (to be manually programmed) permitting automatic dynamic adjustment of the paced atrioventricular interval after every 256 heart beats was found to be 30 and 50 milliseconds, decreasing mean native QRS duration from 181.6 ± 23.9 milliseconds to 130.7 ± 10.0 and 130.1 ± 10.5 milliseconds, respectively (p = 0.01); this was followed by an offset of 40 milliseconds (decreasing QRS duration to 130.1 ± 12.2 milliseconds; p = 0.08). (4) Conclusions: The herein presented NICE-CRT study supports the current recommendation to program an offset of 50 milliseconds as default in patients with left bundle branch block and preserved atrioventricular conduction after implantation of a CRT device capable of SyncAV® optimization. Alternatively, offset programming of 30 milliseconds may also be applied as default programming. In patients with no or poor CRT response, additional efforts should be spent to individualize best offset programming with electrocardiographic optimization techniques.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Tendinopathy in Hemophiliac Patients for the Purpose of Rehabilitation Indications
Authors: Donati Danilo , Spinnato Paolo , Valdrè Lelia , Piscitelli Lydia , Farella Giuseppina Mariagrazia , Pagliarulo Enrico , Benedetti Maria Grazia
Published: July 2023

Background: Hemophilia is a inherited bleeding disorder that is characterized by intra-articular bleeding (hemarthrosis). The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of the satellite tendons of the target joints in the patient with hemophilic arthropathy and propose rehabilitation treatment with eccentric exercises. Methods: The tendons of the joints mainly affected by hemophilic arthropathy were evaluated by ultrasound. The ultrasound evaluation is associated with the use of evaluation clinical scales, such as the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), the Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH), the Hemophilia Activity List (HAL), the DASH, the VISA-A, the VISA-P, and the VAS scale. Results: In 20 patients with hemophilic arthropathy, the thickness of the tendons that were examined was normal. In six subjects with severe joint damage, echostructural alterations were present, and signs of hyperemia and neo-vascularization were detected on color Doppler, as well as the presence of intratendinous calcifications. Conclusions: The tendons of the target joints in patients with hemophilic arthropathy are compromised by the indirect biomechanical damage caused by the joint disease, and rehabilitation treatment with eccentric exercises can be considered safe and effective in improving the tenso-elastic properties of the tendons.
Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in Women with Placenta-Mediated Complications Delivered at >34 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Amikam Uri , Hochberg Alyssa , Shenhav Michael , Haj Lilian , Hochberg-Klein Sarit , Hiersch Liran , Yogev Yariv
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the prevalence of positive antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies among pregnant women with placenta-mediated complications delivered at >340/7 weeks of gestation. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective observational study conducted between 2017 and 2022. Inclusion criteria included pregnant or post-partum women, >18 years, diagnosed with any of the following placenta-mediated complications and delivered at >340/7 weeks of gestation: small-for-gestational-age neonate (SGA ≤ 5th percentile according to local birthweight charts), preeclampsia with severe features, and placental abruption. The primary outcome was the prevalence of positive aPL antibodies: Lupus anticoagulant, Anticardiolipin, or Anti-ß2glycoprotein1. Results: Overall, 431 women met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 378(87.7%) had an SGA neonate, 30 had preeclampsia with severe features (7%), 23 had placental abruption (5.3%), and 21 patients had multiple diagnoses(4.9%). The prevalence of aPL antibodies in the cohort was 4.9% and was comparable between the three subgroups (SGA—3.9%; PET with severe features—3.3%; and placental abruption—13% (p = 0.17)). Conclusion: aPL antibodies prevalence in women with placenta-mediated complications > 34 weeks of gestation was 4.9%, with comparable prevalence rates among the three subgroups. Future prospective studies are needed to delineate the need for treatment in those who tested positive for aPL antibodies and do not meet Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome clinical criteria.
XPS Characterization of TiO2 Nanotubes Growth on the Surface of the Ti15Zr15Mo Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Konatu Reginaldo Toshihiro , Domingues Danielle Duque , França Rodrigo , Alves Ana Paula Rosifini
Published: July 2023

Ti15Zr15Mo (TMZ alloy) has been studied in recent years for biomedical applications, mainly due to phase beta formation. From the surface modification, it is possible to associate the volume and surface properties with a better biomedical response. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using anodization to obtain TiO2 nanotubes due to the presence of valve-type metal (Zr) in their composition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to determine the surface chemical composition in both after-processing conditions (passive layer) and after-processing plus anodization (TiO2 nanotube growth). The anodization resulted in nanotubes with diameters and thicknesses of 126 ± 35 and 1294 ± 193 nm, respectively, and predominated anatase phase. Compared to the passive layer of titanium, which is less than ~10 nm, the oxide layer formed was continuous and thicker. High-resolution spectra revealed that the oxide layer of the element alloys contained different oxidation states. The major phase in all depths for the nanotube samples was TiO2. While the stable form of each oxide was found to predominate on the surface, the inner part of the oxide layer consisted of suboxides and metallic forms. This composition included different oxidation states of the substrate elements Ti, Zr, and Mo.
Fast and Efficient Evaluation of the Mass Composition of Shredded Electrodes from Lithium-Ion Batteries Using 2D Imaging
Authors: Bischoff Peter , Kaas Alexandra , Schuster Christiane , Härtling Thomas , Peuker Urs
Published: July 2023

With the increasing number of electrical devices, especially electric vehicles, the need for efficient recycling processes of electric components is on the rise. Mechanical recycling of lithium-ion batteries includes the comminution of the electrodes and sorting the particle mixtures to achieve the highest possible purities of the individual material components (e.g., copper and aluminum). An important part of recycling is the quantitative determination of the yield and recovery rate, which is required to adapt the processes to different feed materials. Since this is usually done by sorting individual particles manually before determining the mass of each material, we developed a novel method for automating this evaluation process. The method is based on detecting the different material particles in images based on simple thresholding techniques and analyzing the correlation of the area of each material in the field of view to the mass in the previously prepared samples. This can then be applied to further samples to determine their mass composition. Using this automated method, the process is accelerated, the accuracy is improved compared to a human operator, and the cost of the evaluation process is reduced.
An Extended Range Divider Technique for Multi-Band PLL
Authors: Shaik Peerla Rizwan , Dutta Ashudeb , Sahoo Bibhu Datta
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a multiplexer-based extended range multi-modulus divider (ER-MMD) technique for multi-band phase locked loop (PLL). The architecture maintains a modular structure by using conventional 2/3 divider cells and a multiplexer without adding any extra logic circuitry. The area and power overhead is minimal. The 2/3 divider cells are designed using true single phase clock (TSPC) logic for ER-MMD to operate in the sub-10 GHz range. A division range of 2 to 511 is achieved using this logic. The ER-MMD operates at a maximum frequency of 6 GHz with a worst-case current of 625 μA when powered with a 1 V supply. A dual voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), L5/S band PLL for Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) application is designed, which incorporates an ER-MMD based on the proposed approach as a proof of concept. This technique achieves the best power efficiency of 12 GHz/mW, among the state-of-the-art ER-MMD designs.
Biological and Hydrodynamic Aspects for the Design of Artificial Reef Modules for Cephalopod Molluscs in the Ares-Betanzos Estuary
Authors: Barros Juan José Cartelle , Galdo María Isabel Lamas , Guerreiro María Jesús Rodríguez , Couce Luis Carral
Published: July 2023

The design of an artificial reef (AR) module for improving the fishing productivity of cephalopod molluscs in the Ares-Betanzos estuary (Galicia, NW Spain) is addressed in this study. At the time of deciding on a suitable AR design, it is first necessary to assess how the different marine species use ARs so that it is possible to define the complexity of the design: its size and shape, as well as the number of nest cavities it should present and the dimensions of these cavities. Thus, two different cubic modules are proposed, both with an edge of 1500 mm. One of them can be considered as the standard design, while the other has been modified to include four open cylindrical holes. Several tools are employed to assess both proposals. Moreover, a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model is performed. The results suggest that the flow in the interior of the tubes provides a suitable environment for cephalopod molluscs, given that circulation is produced, guaranteeing nutrient renewal. As further contributions, the present work determines how the capture of cephalopods and other species in Galician fish markets has evolved and reviews the habitat preferred by cephalopods in Galicia. It also proposes and compares two AR modules.
A New Insight into the Taxonomy of Pseudo-nitzschia Genus from the Adriatic Sea: Description of P. brasiliana, P. galaxiae, P. hasleana, and P. linea
Authors: Arapov Jasna , Tomašević Tina , Bonačić Tina , Pejković Mia , Bužančić Mia , Bušelić Ivana , Lepen Pleić Ivana , Casabianca Silvia , Penna Antonella , Skejić Sanda , Ninčević Gladan Živana
Published: July 2023

Marine diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia are widespread and occur in various environments. About half of the species described today have been shown to be toxic, producing the potent neurotoxin, domoic acid. The Pseudo-nitzschia species are a common component of the Adriatic phytoplankton community and are occasionally predominant. In the present study, the composition of the Pseudo-nitzschia species was studied in four distinct aquaculture areas from February 2022 to February 2023. These are the first results of a comprehensive study of Pseudo-nitzschia diversity combining morphological and molecular analyses. The integrated approach resulted in the confirmation of Pseudo-nitzschia brasiliana, Pseudo-nitzschia hasleana, Pseudo-nitzschia galaxiae, and Pseudo-nitzschia linea. The species, P. galaxiae, was the most frequently occurring, P. linea was found in all investigated areas, while P. hasleana and P. brasiliana were rare, and their distribution was limited mainly to Kaštela Bay. The findings of P. brasiliana and P. hasleana represent the first confirmation for the Adriatic Sea, while P. galaxiae and P. linea have not been previously reported along the eastern Adriatic coast.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Deicing Performance for the Pneumatic Impulse Deicing Method
Authors: Shu Lichun , Yu Zhou , Hu Qin , Jiang Xingliang
Published: July 2023

Wind turbines operating in cold regions are more likely to sustain extreme icing, causing the degradation of aerodynamic performance and the loss of wind energy output. This paper proposed a pneumatic impulse deicing method based on the conventional pneumatic deicing boot. This method’s simplified numerical simulation model was built using the commercial software ABAQUS to explore whether this method can deice. After that, experimental investigations were carried out in an artificial climate chamber to verify the deicing performance of specimens using this proposed method. Numerical and experimental results show that the pneumatic impulse deicing method could eliminate the ice layer with a smaller displacement and shorter time than the conventional pneumatic deicing boot. The ice layer’s thickening and inflation pressure enhancement benefit the deicing performance. Experiment results proved that the pneumatic impulse deicing method performs better under inflation pressures of 1.5 MPa and 2.5 MPa with an ice thickness of 6 mm or 8 mm.
Assessment of Wave–Current-Induced Liquefaction under Twin Pipelines Using the Coupling Model
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Cui Lin , Zhai Hualing , Jeng Dong-Sheng
Published: July 2023

Although twin pipelines in series have been used to transport hydrocarbons in engineering practice, most previous studies focused on the dynamic response of the seabed around a single pipeline. A two-way coupling model of fluid–structure–seabed interaction (FSSI) is proposed for the study of the soil response and liquefaction caused by waves and currents around twin pipelines. The present model integrates the flow model and the seabed model by introducing a boundary condition of velocity continuity in addition to the continuity of pressures at the seabed surface. Then, the inconsistency between the physical process and numerical simulation can be overcome in the one-way coupling model. Through a series of numerical simulations, the influence of different flow characteristics, soil properties, and pipeline configurations on the seabed response under the two-way coupling process were explored, and compared with the results of the single pipeline. The numerical results indicate that the twin pipeline configuration significantly alters the relevant responses compared to the single pipeline configuration, including the after-consolidation state, amplitude of velocity at the seabed surface, and distribution of pore pressure in the seabed. The parametric studies show that the amplitudes of the wave and current have significant impacts on the distribution of pore pressure in the seabed. The pore pressure in the seabed increases with the increase of forward wave current, while the results of reverse wave current are the opposite. In addition, the liquefaction range around the pipeline increases with the increase of Hw and Tw, and increases with the decrease of Sr and ks. At the same time, the gaps (G) and the ratio of pipe radius (R1/R2) between the twin pipelines also significantly affect the seabed response and liquefaction distribution around the pipeline.
Provenance of the Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Sangonghe Formations in Dongdaohaizi Depression, Junggar Basin, and Its Constraint on the Karamaili Ocean
Authors: Gao Yangjun , Zhang Guanlong , Li Songtao , Guo Ruichao , Zeng Zhiping , Cheng Shiwei , Xue Zelei , Li Ling , Zhou Huilian , Liu Shengqian , Li Furong
Published: July 2023

The Paleo-Asian Ocean controlled the tectonic evolution of Northeast Asia and formed the Karamaili Orogenic Belt in the eastern Junggar basin. However, the chronological constrain of the evolution of the paleo-Karamaili Ocean remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the sandstones of the Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Sangonghe Formations in the Dongdaohaizi Depression, Junggar basin near the Karamaili orogenic belt. After detailed observations and descriptions of the macroscopic features of the sandstone, we obtained information on petrology and geochronology. The Dickinson diagrams indicate that the provenance area had the characteristics of a transitional and recycling provenance, which is a collisional orogenic belt with a background of oceanic-continental subduction. The detrital zircon ages of the Lower Jurassic sediments in the Dongdaohaizi Depression can be divided into three peaks: ~300 Ma, ~420 Ma, and ~510 Ma for Badaowan Formation and ~310 Ma, ~410 Ma, and ~500 Ma for Sangonghe Formation. The youngest detrital zircon age is 241 ± 2 Ma, representing an Early Permian depositional age. Combined with previous studies, the sediments in the study area represent a provenance from the Karamaili Ocean. During the Early Jurassic, the consistent subduction of the residual East Junggar Ocean induced continuous uplift in the Karamaili region, resulting in an increasing exposure of deep-seated rocks to provide sedimentary material. According to the tectonic background of the Junggar region, the results indicate that the Karamaili Ocean, as part of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, experienced three evolutionary stages: Cambrian-Early Silurian (460–540 Ma), Late Silurian-Early Carboniferous (360–440 Ma), and Late Carboniferous–Triassic (240–340 Ma).
Smoking Cessation Rates among Pregnant Women and Their Relapse Rates in the Postpartum Period in Samsun
Authors: Yalcin Bektas Murat , Kertmen Tugba , Ustaoglu Muge
Published: July 2023

Objective: This research aimed to determine the smoking frequency and smoking-related gestational and postpartum health problems in our study population. We investigated the quit rate during pregnancy and relapse after giving birth. The study was conducted in two university family health centers. A total of 270 women aged 18–45 with children were included in the study. Following receipt of verbal consent, the cases’ demographic data, previous obstetric information, smoking status, and gestational weight gain (GWG) were collected through face-to-face interviews and electronic records. The participants’ mean age was 35.75 ± 6.9 years and 28.1% were current smokers. Forty-one participants (16%) smoked during pregnancy, while the secondhand smoking rate was 30%. Ex-smokers experienced greater GWG (17.5 ± 1.7 kg (p = 0.003)) than current smokers and non-smokers. Small gestational age (SGA) and health problems in the first year of life were more frequent in the babies of smoker mothers (p < 0.05). The relapse rate was 81.4%, and the mean relapse interval was 13.9 ± 1.85 months. Having a smoker spouse (0.42 Exp(B), p = 0.035) and high GWG (0.98 Exp(B), p = 0.01) were identified as independent risk factors for relapse. Our results indicate that many of the smoker women quit during pregnancy. Special interventions may increase the quitting rate in pregnancy and reduce the subsequent relapse rate.