bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gregson Davis: Parthenope: The Interplay of Ideas in Vergilian Bucolic.
Authors: Sickle John B. Van
Published: December 2014

Gregson Davis: Parthenope: The Interplay of Ideas in Vergilian Bucolic. Leiden/Boston: Brill 2012. X, 181S. (Mnemosyne. Suppl. 346.) $ 125.
Gordon Research Conference on Predator–Prey Interactions: from Genes, to Ecosystems to Human Mental Health
Authors: Zanette Liana , Sih Andy
Published: December 2014

This inaugural Gordon Research Conference took place 5–10 January 2014, at Ventura California, and was supported by grants from the GRC Organization, National Science Foundation (USA), The University of Western Ontario (CAN), Environment Canada, and The Pacific Wildlife Foundation (CAN). More information on this conference can be found at www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2014&program=predator, and information for the next conference in 2016 at www.grc.org/. The idea for this conference series was created by Liana Zanette, Evan Preisser (Rhode Island University), and Michael Clinchy (University of Victoria). In addition to those already mentioned, the program benefited from input by Scott Creel (University of Montana), Oswald Schmidtz (Yale University), and Jay Schulkin (Georgetown University).
Should Sulfonylureas Remain an Acceptable First-Line Add-on to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes? Yes, They Continue to Serve Us Well!
Authors: Abrahamson Martin J.
Published: December 2014

Since their introduction to clinical practice in the 1950s, sulfonylureas have been widely prescribed for use in patients with type 2 diabetes. Of all the other medications currently available for clinical use, only metformin has been used more frequently. However, several new drug classes have emerged that are reported to have equal glucose-lowering efficacy and greater safety when added to treatment of patients in whom metformin monotherapy is no longer sufficient. Moreover, current arguments also suggest that the alternative drugs may be superior to sulfonylureas with regard to the risk of cardiovascular complications. Thus, while there is universal agreement that metformin should remain the first-line pharmacologic therapy for those in whom lifestyle modification is insufficient to control hyperglycemia, there is no consensus as to which drug should be added to metformin. Therefore, given the current controversy, we provide a Point-Counterpoint on this issue. In the point narrative presented below, Dr. Abrahamson provides his argument suggesting that avoiding use of sulfonylureas as a class of medication as an add-on to metformin is not appropriate as there are many patients whose glycemic control would improve with use of these drugs with minimal risk of adverse events. In the following counterpoint narrative, Dr. Genuth suggests there is no longer a need for sulfonylureas to remain a first-line addition to metformin for those patients whose clinical characteristics are appropriate and whose health insurance and/or financial resources make an alternative drug affordable.

—William T. Cefalu

Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Bonding Ability of Paste-Paste Glass Ionomer Systems to Tooth Structure: In Vitro Studies
Authors: Cook NB , Feitosa SA , Patel A , Alfawaz Y , Eckert GJ , Bottino MC
Published: December 2014

This study investigated the effect of nonrinse conditioners (ie, Ketac Nano Primer [KNP] and GC Self Conditioner [SC]) used as substrate pretreatment and their respective paste-paste resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) (ie, Ketac Nano [KN] and Fuji Filling LC [FF]) on microtensile bond strength to dentin and marginal sealing when compared with traditional RMGIC (ie, Photac Fil [PF] and Fuji II LC [FII]) used in association with polyacrylic acid (ie, Ketac Cavity Conditioner [KC] and GC Cavity Conditioner [CC]). A total of 192 extracted human molars were allocated into eight groups: KNP-KN, KC-KN, KNP-PF, KC-PF, SC-FF, CC-FF, SC-FII, and CC-FII. For microtensile bond strength, the teeth were sectioned to expose occlusal dentin and restored according to the group. After 24 hours the teeth were cut to yield nine beams per tooth (±0.8 mm2). Testing was done using a universal testing machine followed by failure mode classification. For microleakage testing, standardized cavity preparations were made on the buccal cementoenamel junction and restored according to the group. The teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 8°C to 48°C), sealed, immersed in methylene blue for 24 hours, and then assessed for microleakage using a stereomicroscope. Microtensile bond strengths in megapascals (mean±SE) were KNP-KN: 14.9 ± 1.6, KC-KN: 17.2 ± 1.5, KNP-PF: 31.2 ± 1.6, KC-PF: 26.2 ± 1.2, SC-FF: 23.6 ± 1.5, SC-FII: 31.2 ± 1.5, and CC-FII: 21.9 ± 1.5. Cervical margins showed more microleakage compared with occlusal margins. Overall, the use of nonrinse conditioners in association with traditional RMGICs demonstrated superior microtensile bond strengths to dentin when compared with the paste-paste RMGICs. Meanwhile, the association between polyacrylic acid (CC) and a traditional RMGIC (FII) led to the least microleakage for cervical locations when compared with all other groups.
Sealing Composite With Defective Margins, Good Care or Over Treatment? Results of a 10-year Clinical Trial
Authors: Fernández E , Martin J , Vildósola P , Estay J , de Oliveira Júnior OB , Gordan V , Mjor I , Gonzalez J , Loguercio AD , Moncada G
Published: December 2014

Purpose

The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate sealed composite restorations after 10 years and compare their behavior with respect to controls.

Methods and Materials

The cohort consisted of 20 patients aged 18 to 80 years with 80 composite restorations. All participants in the sealing and no-treatment groups presented with clinical features for the marginal adaptation that deviated from the ideal and were rated Bravo (United States Public Health Service criteria). Composites with Alfa values for the marginal adaptation were used as the positive control.

Results

The marginal adaptation behavior was similar between the sealing and control (+) groups, with a high frequency of Bravo values in the 10th year (80% and 51%, respectively). Most of the no-treatment (-) group maintained the Bravo values (91%) for 10 years, although some restorations (9%) progressed to Charlie values. The anatomy parameter differed significantly between the first and 10th years, with deterioration in all three groups (p<0.05). The secondary caries parameter had a similar behavior in the three groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Sealing the margins of the composite resin restorations had no significant effect compared with the control groups, under the conditions of this study. Sealing the restorations substantially improved the marginal staining and marginal adaptation parameters, although by the tenth year they were similar to the group without intervention.
Assessment of the excretion time of electronic capsules placed in the intestinal lumen of cows with cecal dilatation-dislocation, healthy control cows, and cows with left displacement of the abomasum
Authors: Devaux David J.-A. L. , Lempen Markus , Schelling Esther , Koch Volker M. , Meylan Mireille
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze the transit time from various locations in the intestines of cows with cecal dilatation-dislocation (CDD), healthy control cows, and cows with left displacement of the abomasum (LDA).

ANIMALS 15 cows with naturally occurring CDD (group 1), 14 healthy control cows (group 2), and 18 cows with LDA (group 3).

PROCEDURES 5 electronic transmitters were encased in capsules and placed in the lumen of the ileum, cecum, proximal portion of the colon, and 2 locations in the spiral colon (colon 1 and colon 2) and used to measure the transit time (ie, time between placement in the lumen and excretion of the capsules from the rectum). Excretion time of the capsules from each intestinal segment was compared among groups.

RESULTS Cows recovered well from surgery, except for 1 cow with relapse of CDD 4 days after surgery and 2 cows with incisional infection. High variability in capsule excretion times was observed for all examined intestinal segments in all groups. Significant differences were detected for the excretion time from the colon (greater in cows with CDD than in healthy control cows) and cecum (less in cows with LDA than in cows of the other 2 groups).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The technique developed to measure excretion time of capsules from bovine intestines was safe and reliable; however, the large variability observed for all intestinal segments and all groups would appear to be a limitation for its use in assessment of intestinal transit time of cattle in future studies.
Determination of tonicity effects of ketoacids and lactate by use of two canine red blood cell assays
Authors: Reinhart Jennifer M. , Yancey Misty R. , Girard-Denton Jennifer D. , Schermerhorn Thomas
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE To determine the tonicity effects of β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and lactate in canine RBCs.

SAMPLE RBCs from approximately 40 dogs.

PROCEDURES 2 in vitro methods were used to conduct 4 experiments. The modified osmotic fragility assay was used to measure the ability of ketoacid salts added to serial sucrose dilutions to protect RBCs from osmotic hemolysis. In a second assay, a handheld cell counting device was used to measure changes in RBC diameter to assess the tonicity effect of solutions of ketoacid and lactate salts.

RESULTS For the modified osmotic fragility assay, all ketoacid salts had an osmoprotective effect, but the effect was determined to be completely attributable to the tonicity effect of added cations (sodium and lithium) and not the ketoacid moieties. However, both the sodium and lithium lactate salts provided osmoprotection attributable to both the cation and lactate anion. For the second assay, RBC diameter was significantly increased with the addition of urea (an ineffective osmole) but did not change with the addition of glucose (an effective osmole), which established the behaviors of ineffective and effective osmoles in this assay. The RBC diameter was significantly increased over that of control samples by the addition of sodium β-hydroxybutyrate, lithium acetoacetate, and lithium lactate but was decreased by the addition of sodium lactate.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE For both assays, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate acted as ineffective osmoles, whereas lactate acted as an effective osmole in 3 of 4 experiments.
Capacity Discipline and the Consolidation of Airport Connectivity in the United States
Authors: Wittman Michael D. , Swelbar William S.
Published: December 2014

Airlines reduced available domestic capacity at airports across the United States from 2007 to 2012 in response to a global economic downturn and high and volatile fuel prices. More recently, despite an economic recovery and more stable fuel prices, airlines have continued to keep capacity low relative to historical levels in a strategy that has been referred to as “capacity discipline.” The effects of these shifts in capacity on airport connectivity to the global air transportation network remain unclear. This paper introduces an intuitive index to compute airport connectivity as a function of both the quantity and quality of scheduled nonstop and connecting service. Connectivity scores were computed for 462 U.S. airports; medium-hub and small-hub airports were found to have lost more connectivity on average than large-hub airports from 2007 to 2012. In multiairport regions, losses in connectivity at secondary and tertiary airports outpaced losses at primary airports. With lower levels of connectivity, smaller airports in these regions will need to employ creative strategies to prevent passengers from leaking to primary hubs. Whether these airports can recover from connectivity consolidation will also depend on how long the capacity discipline equilibrium remains in effect among U.S. airlines.
Quantification of Color Vision Using a Tablet Display
Authors: Chacon Alicia , Rabin Jeff , Yu Dennis , Johnston Shawn , Bradshaw Timothy
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND: Accurate color vision is essential for optimal performance in aviation and space environments using nonredundant color coding to convey critical information. Most color tests detect color vision deficiency (CVD) but fail to diagnose type or severity of CVD, which
are important to link performance to occupational demands. The computer-based Cone Contrast Test (CCT) diagnoses type and severity of CVD. It is displayed on a netbook computer for clinical application, but a more portable version may prove useful for deployments, space and aviation cockpits,
as well as accident and sports medicine settings. Our purpose was to determine if the CCT can be conducted on a tablet display (Windows 8, Microsoft, Seattle, WA) using touch-screen response input.METHODS: The CCT presents colored letters visible only to red (R), green (G), and
blue (B) sensitive retinal cones to determine the lowest R, G, and B cone contrast visible to the observer. The CCT was measured in 16 color vision normals (CVN) and 16 CVDs using the standard netbook computer and a Windows 8 tablet display calibrated to produce equal color contrasts.RESULTS:
Both displays showed 100% specificity for confirming CVN and 100% sensitivity for detecting CVD. In CVNs there was no difference between scores on netbook vs. tablet displays. G cone CVDs showed slightly lower G cone CCT scores on the tablet.CONCLUSIONS: CVD can be diagnosed with
a tablet display. Ease-of-use, portability, and complete computer capabilities make tablets ideal for multiple settings, including aviation, space, military deployments, accidents and rescue missions, and sports vision.Chacon A, Rabin J, Yu D, Johnston S, Bradshaw T. Quantification
of color vision using a tablet display. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(1):56–58.
Prolonged Restricted Sitting Effects in UH-60 Helicopters
Authors: Games Kenneth E. , Lakin Joni M. , Quindry John C. , Weimar Wendi H. , Sefton JoEllen M.
Published: December 2014

INTRODUCTION: Advances in flight technologies and the demand for long-range flight have increased mission lengths for U.S. Army Black Hawk UH-60 crewmembers. Prolonged mission times have increased reports of pilot discomfort and symptoms of paresthesia thought to be due to UH-60
seat design and areas of locally high pressure. Discomfort created by the seat-system decreases situational awareness, putting aviators and support crew at risk of injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prolonged restricted sitting in a UH-60 on discomfort,
sensory function, and vascular measures in the lower extremities.METHODS: There were 15 healthy men (age = 23.4 ± 3.1 yr) meeting physical flight status requirements who sat in an unpadded, UH-60 pilot’s seat for 4 h while completing a common cognitive task. During
the session, subjective discomfort, sensory function, and vascular function were measured.RESULTS: Across 4 h of restricted sitting, subjective discomfort increased using the Category Partitioning Scale (30.27 point increase) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (8.53 point increase);
lower extremity sensory function was diminished along the S1 dermatome; and skin temperature decreased on both the lateral (2.85°C decrease) and anterior (2.78°C decrease) aspects of the ankle.DISCUSSION: The results suggest that prolonged sitting in a UH-60 seat increases
discomfort, potentially through a peripheral nervous or vascular system mechanism. Further research is needed to understand the etiology and onset of pain and paresthesia during prolonged sitting in UH-60 pilot seats.Games KE, Lakin JM, Quindry JC, Weimar WH, Sefton JM. Prolonged restricted
sitting effects in UH-60 helicopters. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(1):34–40.
Residents’ Preferences for Household Kitchen Waste Source Separation Services in Beijing: A Choice Experiment Approach
Authors: Yuan Yalin , Yabe Mitsuyasu
Published: December 2014

A source separation program for household kitchen waste has been in place in Beijing since 2010. However, the participation rate of residents is far from satisfactory. This study was carried out to identify residents’ preferences based on an improved management strategy for household kitchen waste source separation. We determine the preferences of residents in an ad hoc sample, according to their age level, for source separation services and their marginal willingness to accept compensation for the service attributes. We used a multinomial logit model to analyze the data, collected from 394 residents in Haidian and Dongcheng districts of Beijing City through a choice experiment. The results show there are differences of preferences on the services attributes between young, middle, and old age residents. Low compensation is not a major factor to promote young and middle age residents accept the proposed separation services. However, on average, most of them prefer services with frequent, evening, plastic bag attributes and without instructor. This study indicates that there is a potential for local government to improve the current separation services accordingly.
Transmembrane Signal Transduction in Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization: Focusing on Xenopus laevis as a Model Animal
Authors: Sato Ken-ichi
Published: December 2014

Fertilization is a cell biological phenomenon of crucial importance for the birth of new life in a variety of multicellular and sexual reproduction species such as algae, animal and plants. Fertilization involves a sequence of events, in which the female gamete “egg” and the male gamete “spermatozoon (sperm)” develop, acquire their functions, meet and fuse with each other, to initiate embryonic and zygotic development. Here, it will be briefly reviewed how oocyte cytoplasmic components are orchestrated to undergo hormone-induced oocyte maturation and sperm-induced activation of development. I then review how sperm-egg membrane interaction/fusion and activation of development in the fertilized egg are accomplished and regulated through egg coat- or egg plasma membrane-associated components, highlighting recent findings and future directions in the studies using Xenopus laevis as a model experimental animal.
Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations
Authors: Onufrieva Ksenia , Hickman Andrea , Leonard Donna , Tobin Patrick
Published: December 2014

Mating disruption is the primary control tactic used against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under the gypsy moth Slow the Spread (STS) program. In this paper, we present the results of the multiyear study designed to evaluate a new liquid SPLAT GM™ (ISCA Tech, Riverside, CA, USA) Organic formulation, which is approved by the USDA to meet National Organic Program Standards for use in organic certified farms, for its ability to disrupt gypsy moth mating, and to evaluate the environmental persistence of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic formulations. Environmental persistence of the pheromone beyond the year of application is a significant concern since STS relies on trap catch data to evaluate treatment success. The study was conducted in 2007–2012 in forested areas in Virginia and Wisconsin, USA. We observed that SPLAT GM™ Organic reduced gypsy moth trap catch by ≥90% for 10 weeks in a similar manner as SPLAT GM™ and Hercon Disrupt® II (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA, USA). Although we observed persistent effects in all products one year after application, the persistence observed in SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic was significantly lower than that of Hercon Disrupt® II plastic laminated flakes.
First Exploratory Study on the Ageing of Rammed Earth Material
Authors: Bui Quoc-Bao , Morel Jean-Claude
Published: December 2014

Rammed earth (RE) is attracting renewed interest throughout the world thanks to its “green” characteristics in the context of sustainable building. In this study, the ageing effects on RE material are studied on the walls which have been constructed and exposed for 22 years to natural weathering. First, mechanical characteristics of the “old” walls were determined by two approaches: in-situ dynamic measurements on the walls; laboratory tests on specimens which had been cut from the walls. Then, the walls’ soil was recycled and reused for manufacturing of new specimens which represented the initial state. Comparison between the compressive strength, the Young modulus of the walls after 22 years on site and that of the initial state enables to assess the ageing of the studied walls.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Gallium with High Deposition Rate
Authors: Zhang Hanfei , Feng Yiping , Santhanagopalan Sunand , Meng Dennis
Published: December 2014

In this work, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is reported to form gallium thin film with high deposition rate and low cost while avoiding the highly toxic chemicals typically used in electroplating. A maximum deposition rate of ~0.6 μm/min, almost one order of magnitude higher than the typical value reported for electroplating, is obtained when employing a set of proper deposition parameters. The thickness of the film is shown to increase with deposition time when sequential deposition is employed. The concentration of Mg(NO3)2, the charging salt, is also found to be a critical factor to control the deposition rate. Various gallium micropatterns are obtained by masking the substrate during the process, demonstrating process compatibility with microfabrication. The reported novel approach can potentially be employed in a broad range of applications with Ga as a raw material, including microelectronics, photovoltaic cells, and flexible liquid metal microelectrodes.
Synthesis and Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of Diaryldiazepines
Authors: Menezes Júlio , Vaz Luana , De Abreu Vieira Paula , Da Silva Fonseca Kátia , Carneiro Cláudia , Taylor Jason
Published: December 2014

Chagas disease is a so-called “neglected disease” and endemic to Latin America. Nifurtimox and benznidazole are drugs that have considerable efficacy in the treatment of the acute phase of the disease but cause many significant side effects. Furthermore, in the Chronic Phase its efficiency is reduced and their therapeutic effectiveness is dependent on the type of T. cruzi strain. For this reason, the present work aims to drive basic research towards the discovery of new chemical entities to treat Chagas disease. Differently substituted 5,7-diaryl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepines were synthesized by cyclocondensation of substituted flavones with ethylenediamine and tested as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi candidates. Epimastigotes of the Y strain from T. cruzi were used in this study and the number of parasites was determined in a Neubauer chamber. The most potent diaryldiazepine that reduced epimastigote proliferation exhibited an IC50 value of 0.25 μM, which is significantly more active than benznidazole.
New Asia Dust Storm Detection Method Based on the Thermal Infrared Spectral Signature
Authors: Xu Hui , Cheng Tianhai , Gu Xingfa , Yu Tao , Wu Yu , Chen Hao
Published: December 2014

As hyperspectral instruments can provide the detailed spectral information, a new spectral similarity method for detecting and differentiating dust from non-dust scenes using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations has been developed. The detection is based on a pre-defined Dust Spectral Similarity Index (DSSI), which was calculated from the accumulated brightness temperature differences between selected 16 AIRS observation channels, in the thermal infrared region of 800–1250 cm−1. It has been demonstrated that DSSI can effectively separate the dust from non-dust by elevating dust signals. For underlying surface covered with dust, the DSSI tends to show values close to 1.0. However, the values of DSSI for clear sky surfaces or clouds (ice and water) are basically lower than those of dust, as their spectrums have significant differences with dust. To evaluate this new simple DSSI dust detection algorithm, several Asia dust events observed in northern China were analyzed, and the results agree favorably with those from the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer (MODIS) and Cloud Aerosol LiDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations.
SAKRALINĖS ARCHITEKTŪROS SIMBOLIZMAS H. U. VON BALTHASARO IR K. RAHNERIO TEOLOGIJOJE
Authors: Krūgelis Linas
Published: December 2014

Sakralinė architektūra, būdama glaudžiai susieta su konkrečia religija, visuomet buvo gaubiama paslaptingumo ir mįslingumo šydu. Sakraliniai simboliai bažnyčių architektūroje yra plati ir nedaug ištirta sritis. Menotyroje simbolis dažnai suvokiamas kaip regimas, asociatyvus vaizdinys, turintis savo prasmę. Sakralinės architektūros simbolizme XX a. įvyko nemažai reikšmingų pokyčių. Kyla klausimų, kodėl naujosios minimalizmo srovei priskirtinos bažnyčios stokoja ikonografinių regimųjų religinių simbolių ir ženklų. Ar tikrai dėl šių elementų stokos kaltas postmodernus sekuliarusis menas?

Straipsnyje siekiama tarpdalykinio pobūdžio tyrimu aptarti galimą teologinių srovių įtaką šiuolaikinei bažnyčių architektūrai. Lyginama, kaip kito bažnyčios kaip kulto pastato samprata po Antrojo visuotinio Vatikano Bažnyčios susirinkimo. Nagrinėjami dėl šių procesų sąveikos atsiradę architektūros pavyzdžiai.
ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL’S CHURCH IN VILNIUS: A STUDY IN META-CODAL SYMBOLISM OF CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Oržikauskas Gytis
Published: December 2014

The paper examines Christian architecture from the perspective of “meta-codal function”, i.e. through examination of architectural symbolism expressed solely by architectural means. Emphasizing symbolic and semantic content of architecture, the paper offers a broader research field of architectural artistry by using a wider iconographic comparison. As a representative of baroque architecture and the most prominent example of architectural symbolism, St. Peter and St. Paul’s Church in Vilnius (1668–1702) has been selected for the research. The iconographic programme of this church is compared to most distinct iconographic themes identified through the analysis of some examples of historic Christian architecture. By this method, the research detaches from the usual stylistic analysis and poses the most basic question in architectural artistry: is architecture capable of expressing the independent artistic content which can translate more than architecture’s general appearance.
FROM SYMBOLISM TO METAPHOR IN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Buivydas Rimantas
Published: December 2014

Editorial "From symbolism to metaphor in architecture". Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 38(4), p. 219
BETWEEN SYMBOLISM AND METAPHOR
Authors: Gecas Saulius
Published: December 2014

The article provides a discussion of symbolic aspects and uses of metaphors in Massimiliano Fuksas architecture. Despite of the fact that his architectural projects are very different they are sculptural and abstract leading to ambiguous reflections. The author argues that each architectural project of Massimiliano Fuksas can be related to certain metaphors and level of symbolisation. His metaphors are often metaphors for our feelings, they are emotionally understandable and yet not so easy to name. The article is an attempt to expose and analyze them.
L'interprétation des faits phonétiques : dialogue posthume entre John J. Gumperz et Yvan Fonagy
Authors: Boutet Josiane
Published: December 2014

Dans la seconde moitié du XX e siècle deux intellectuels, Yvan Fonagy et John J. Gumperz, se sont intéressés, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, au sémantisme des sons concrets (prononciation, prosodie, voix) dans la construction du sens des dialogues. Je propose ici un dialogue posthume autour de deux de leurs concepts : celui de geste vocal et celui d’indices de contextualisation. J’en montre les similitudes ; puis j’étudie un extrait de dialogue professionnel en mobilisant ces deux concepts.
État social, services publics, légitimité
Authors: Leduc Sacha
Published: December 2014

Les changements actuellement justifiés par la crise économique tirent leur origine dans l’évolution du système de légitimité du secteur public, qui se transforme dès la fin des années 1960 en France. Dans les contenus idéologiques et les éléments moteurs de ces transformations, on peut distinguer deux champs d’analyses : la légitimité de l’action de l’État et des services publics d’un côté, et la légitimité de l’organisation de l’État et des services publics de l’autre. Dans la construction de la légitimité du pouvoir étatique, derrière la rationalité abstraite de la loi se cachent souvent des catégories normatives et des idéologies faisant porter la responsabilité des situations difficiles sur les individus et non plus sur les structures.
From Facebook to WhatsApp
Authors: Siddiqui Faizia , Alam Mohammed Iftikhar , Raina Roshan Lal
Published: December 2014

Social networks have witnessed phenomenal growth over the past decade, across the world. These networks have given a global platform to people—to connect and express. They have rewritten the laws of social communication and interaction; limitless expression, cross-border association, and free sharing of text, pictures and videos. Somewhere during the journey, the networking sites seem to have lost their charm and appeal. Inroads made by newer and more user-friendly applications like WhatsApp seem to have made matters worse. In addition, the failure of the site owners—at checking and curbing the misuse of users' profiles and personal data, and obscene/malicious misrepresentations of individuals—is leading to a state of ‘complete avoidance'. As a cumulative effect, social networking is fast losing steam, and if predictions and apprehensions are to be believed, in about five years' time, the likes of Facebook and Twitter would only be found in books of History. This study aims to analyze the changing ‘social networking scenario' in India, majorly focusing on the young population; the main subscribers. This research is based on the facts analyzed after a comprehensive survey conducted on a sample picked up from four Indian metro cities. It takes into account factors that have resulted in ‘interest loss among the youngsters.
Does gently clearing the nasal passage affect odor identification?
Authors: Spring Mitchell G. , Wiseman Thomas H. , Hallock Robert M.
Published: December 2014

Identifying scents in a wine’s bouquet is considered one of the most important steps in the process of wine tasting. An individual’s ability to successfully do this is dependent on the sense of smell; thus, altering the nasal microenvironment could have a powerful effect on the wine tasting experience. In the present study, we examined olfactory performance in healthy participants who cleared their nasal cavity before odorant presentations. Fifty undergraduate participants were assessed with a standardized test of olfaction requiring the recognition of a battery of odors. Half of these participants cleared mucus from their nasal cavities (by gently blowing their noses) prior to the assessment. No difference was found in performance between those who cleared their nasal passages and those who did not. Further, data were not different than known population data from the test. These data suggest that gently clearing the nasal cavity before presentation of odorants bears no effect on the ability to perceive those odor qualities.
PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF NEUROPILIN-1 EXPRESSION IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN WITH B-LINEAGE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Hagag Adel Abd elhaleim , Nosair Nahla A
Published: December 2014

Abstract:Background: Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins that act as receptors for vascular endothelial growth factors and are involved in the process of tumor angiogenesis. Objective: The aim of this work was to study the prognostic value of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) expression in children with B-lineage ALL. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted on fifty children with newly diagnosed B-lineage ALL who were admitted in Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospitals in the period from August 2010 to March 2014 including 32 males and 18 females with their ages ranged from 3-17 years and mean value of 9 ± 3.5 years. Twenty healthy age and sex matched children serving as a control group was also included in this study. Patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations including; complete blood count, serum LDH levels, bone marrow aspiration, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and estimation of nuropilin-1 expression on blast cells by flow cytometry. Results: The present study revealed highly significant differences in NRP-1 expression between patients with B-lineage ALL and controls. The highest levels of NRP-1 expression were noted in pre-B ALL (74.04%) followed by early pre-B (23.55%) and lastly mature B-ALL (12.06%) with significant difference between the three subtypes. NRP-1 expression was significantly associated with higher white blood cells count, bone marrow blasts percentage and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels at diagnosis and there were significantly higher levels of NRP-1 expression on BM blasts at diagnosis in patients who subsequently relapsed or died later on during the period of follow up compared to those who achieved and maintained complete remission. Also, patients with higher NRP-1 expression had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) than patients with low NRP-1 expression. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that neuropilin-1 has bad prognostic impact in children with B-lineage ALL and so we can recommend the incorporation of NRP-1 as a prognostic marker in children with B-lineage ALL to offer a chance for intensive therapeutic intervention in patients designated as having poor prognosis.
Cross-Sectional Survey of Rift Valley Fever Virus Exposure in Bodhei Village Located in a Transitional Coastal Forest Habitat in Lamu County, Kenya
Authors: Muiruri Samuel , Kabiru Ephantus W. , Muchiri Eric M. , Hussein Hassan , Kagondu Frederick , LaBeaud A. Desirée , King Charles H.
Published: December 2014

Few studies have focused on Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) transmission in less arid, transitional landscapes surrounding known high-risk regions. The objective of this study was to identify evidence of RVFV exposure in Bodhei Village in a forested area at the edge of the RVFV-epidemic Garissa region. In a household cluster-based survey conducted between epidemics in early 2006, 211 participants were enrolled. Overall seroprevalence for anti-RVFV was high (18%) and comparable with rates in the more arid, dense brush regions farther north. Seroprevalence of adults was 28%, whereas that of children was significantly lower (3%; P < 0.001); the youngest positive child was age 3 years. Males were more likely to be seropositive than females (25% versus 11%; P < 0.01), and animal husbandry activities (birthing, sheltering, and butchering) were strongly associated with seropositivity. The results confirm that significant RVFV transmission occurs outside of recognized high-risk areas and independent of known epidemic periods.
Acute Illness is Associated with Suppression of the Growth Hormone Axis in Zimbabwean Infants
Authors: Jones Andrew D. , Rukobo Sandra , Chasekwa Bernard , Mutasa Kuda , Ntozini Robert , Mbuya Mduduzi N. N. , Stoltzfus Rebecca J. , Humphrey Jean H. , Prendergast Andrew J.
Published: December 2014

Frequent infections contribute to childhood stunting in developing countries but the causal pathways are uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that intercurrent illnesses suppress the growth hormone axis through reductions in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). In a birth cohort of 202 HIV-unexposed Zimbabwean infants, we analyzed data on 7-day illness recall and measured plasma interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and IGF-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, at age 6 weeks, and then 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Children with recent acute illness had lower IGF-1 concentrations than healthy children and IGF-1 correlated inversely (P < 0.05) with inflammatory biomarkers at most time points between 3 and 18 months. Using path analysis, we showed that cough and fever had a predominantly indirect effect on suppressing IGF-1, through the acute-phase response, whereas diarrhea had a predominantly direct effect on IGF-1. Acute illness may therefore impact the growth hormone axis through both direct and indirect pathways.
Proposição de um plano de ações estratégicas para Associações de Alunos Egressos baseado em benchmarking Internacional e no Brasil
Authors: Teixeira Gislaine Cristina dos Santos , Maccari Emerson Antonio , Ruas Roberto Lima
Published: December 2014

Uma preocupação comum em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) é manter o aluno formado ligado às atividades educacionais, entendendo que a promoção do relacionamento estendido para além do período de realização do curso propicia oportunidades de networking e continuidade do processo de geração de conhecimento. As Associações de Alunos Egressos são organizações formais destinadas a fortalecer os laços entre IES e egressos, porém, no Brasil, essas Associações enfrentam certas barreiras culturais que dificultam sua implantacão. Dessa forma, uma Associação que busque a adesão e a participação dos egressos deve investir no desenvolvimento de um plano de ações estratégicas que despertem o interesse do público-alvo. Baseada em pesquisa documental combinada com survey, este estudo se propõe a, por meio de benchmarking, analisar as práticas das Associações Alunos Egressos de IES e apresentar um plano de ações estratégicas que atenda as atuais necessidades do mercado.
Chemical characterization of SOA formed from aqueous-phase reactions of phenols with the triplet excited state of carbonyl and hydroxyl radical
Authors: Yu L. , Smith J. , Laskin A. , Anastasio C. , Laskin J. , Zhang Q.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Phenolic compounds, which are emitted in significant amounts from biomass burning, can undergo fast reactions in atmospheric aqueous phases to form secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). In this study, we investigate the reactions of phenol (compound with formula C6H5OH)), guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol), and syringol (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) with two major aqueous-phase oxidants – the triplet excited states of an aromatic carbonyl (3C*) and hydroxyl radical (· OH). We thoroughly characterize the low-volatility species produced from these reactions and interpret their formation mechanisms using aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI MS), and ion chromatography (IC). A large number of oxygenated molecules are identified, including oligomers containing up to six monomer units, functionalized monomer and oligomers with carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, and small organic acid anions (e.g., formate, acetate, oxalate, and malate). The average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios of phenolic aqSOA are in the range of 0.85–1.23, similar to those of low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) observed in ambient air. The aqSOA compositions are overall similar for the same precursor, but the reactions mediated by 3C* are faster than · OH-mediated reactions and produce more oligomers and hydroxylated species at the point when 50% of the phenolic compound has reacted. Profiles determined using a thermodenuder indicate that the volatility of phenolic aqSOA is influenced by both oligomer content and O / C ratio. In addition, the aqSOA shows enhanced light absorption in the UV–visible region, suggesting that aqueous-phase reactions of phenols may contribute to formation of secondary brown carbon in the atmosphere, especially in regions influenced by biomass burning.
Assessing Wheat Yellow Rust Disease through Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
Authors: Krishna G. , Sahoo R. N. , Pargal S. , Gupta V. K. , Sinha P. , Bhagat S. , Saharan M.S. , Singh R. , Chattopadhyay C.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The potential of hyperspectral reflectance data was explored to assess severity of yellow rust disease (Biotroph Pucciniastriiformis) of winter wheat in the present study. The hyperspectral remote sensing data was collected for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropat different levels of disease infestation using field spectroradiometer over the spectral range of 350 to 2500 nm. The partial least squares (PLS) and multiple linear (MLR) regression techniques were used to identify suitable bands and develop spectral models for assessing severity of yellow rust disease in winter wheat crop. The PLS model based on the full spectral range and n = 36, yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96, a standard error of cross validation (SECV) of 12.74 and a root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 12.41. The validation analysis of this PLS model yielded r2 as 0.93 with a SEP (Standard Error of Prediction) of 7.80 and a RMSEP (Root Mean Square Error of prediction) of 7.46. The loading weights of latent variables from PLS model were used to identify sensitive wavelengths. To assess their suitability multiple linear regression (MLR) model was applied on these wavelengths which resulted in a MLR model with three identified wavelength bands (428 nm, 672 nm and 1399 nm). MLR model yielded acceptable results in the form of r2 as 0.89 for calibration and 0.90 for validation with SEP of 3.90 and RMSEP of 3.70. The result showed that the developed model had a great potential for precise delineation and detection of yellow rust disease in winter wheat crop.
A study on state of Geospatial courses in Indian Universities
Authors: Shekhar S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Today the world is dominated by three technologies such as Nano technology, Bio technology and Geospatial technology. This increases the huge demand for experts in the respective field for disseminating the knowledge as well as for an innovative research. Therefore, the prime need is to train the existing fraternity to gain progressive knowledge in these technologies and impart the same to student community. The geospatial technology faces some peculiar problem than other two technologies because of its interdisciplinary, multi-disciplinary nature. It attracts students and mid career professionals from various disciplines including Physics, Computer science, Engineering, Geography, Geology, Agriculture, Forestry, Town Planning and so on. Hence there is always competition to crab and stabilize their position. The students of Master’s degree in Geospatial science are facing two types of problem. The first one is no unique identity in the academic field. Neither they are exempted for National eligibility Test for Lecturer ship nor given an opportunity to have the exam in geospatial science. The second one is differential treatment by the industrial world. The students are either given low grade jobs or poorly paid for their job. Thus, it is a serious issue about the future of this course in the Universities and its recognition in the academic and industrial world. The universities should make this course towards more job oriented in consultation with the Industries and Industries should come forward to share their demands and requirements to the Universities, so that necessary changes in the curriculum can be made to meet the industrial requirements.
Design of Laser Based Monitoring Systems for Compliance Management of Odorous and Hazardous Air Pollutants in Selected Chemical Industrial Estates at Hyderabad, India
Authors: Sudhakar P. , Kalavathi P. , Ramakrishna Rao D. , Satyanarayna M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Industrialization can no longer sustain without internalization of the concerns of the receiving environment and land-use. Increased awareness and public pressure, coupled with regulatory instruments and bodies exert constant pressure on industries to control their emissions to a level acceptable to the receiving environment. However, when a group of industries come-up together as an industrial estate, the cumulative impacts of all the industries together often challenges the expected/desired quality of receiving environment, requiring stringent pollution control and monitoring measures. Laser remote sensing techniques provide powerful tools for environmental monitoring. These methods provide range resolved measurements of concentrations of various gaseous pollutants and suspended particulate matter (SPM) not only in the path of the beam but over the entire area. A three dimensional mapping of the pollutants and their dispersal can be estimated using the laser remote sensing methods on a continuous basis. Laser Radar (Lidar) systems are the measurements technology used in the laser remote sensing methods. Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and Raman Lidar technologies have proved to be very useful for remote sensing of air pollutants. DIAL and Raman lidar systems can be applied for range resolved measurements of molecules like SO2, NO2, O3 Hg, CO, C2H4, H2O, CH4, hydrocarbons etc. in real time on a continuous basis. This paper describes the design details of the DAIL and Raman lidar techniques for measurement of various hazardous air pollutants which are being released into the atmosphere by the chemical industries operating in the Bachupally industrial Estate area at Hyderabad, India. The relative merits of the two techniques have been studied and the minimum concentration of pollutants that can be measured using these systems are presented. A dispersion model of the air pollutants in the selected chemical industrial estates at Hyderabad has been developed.
Retrieval of coastal ocean currents using MCC technique on satellite imagery for supplementing altimeter derived currents
Authors: Rajput P. , Ramakrishnan R. , Rajawat A. S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Maximum Cross Correlation (MCC) technique have been used to derive coastal currents from sequential OCM derived suspended sediment concentration (SSC) maps and the MCC currents are integrated with the Ocean surface current analysis-Real time (OSCAR) ocean currents along the coastal regions of the Southern India. OSCAR currents are mainly depended on the oceanographic measurements from the satellite altimeter which have limitations in the coastal region and in representing the mesoscale properties dominating the coastal ocean. Sequential pair of atmospherically corrected and georeferenced OCM image is used to derive SSC, along the southern coast of India. Maximum Cross-Correlation (MCC) method is applied on the sequential time lapsed images of OCM for matching the suspended sediment dispersion patterns. The MCC technique involves computing of cross-correlation coefficients and identifying correlation peaks. The spatial change of the sediment pattern occurs due to the advection by the currents and the extent of the change corresponds to the speed and direction of the current. From the first image, template window is selected, which is searched in the second image within large region defined as the search window. The movement of the SSC pattern is calculated based on the maximum cross correlation in successive images. Error statistics are calculated between the spatially coherent MCC vectors and OSCAR currents. Based on statistical analysis, an error threshold of 30 degree for current direction and 0.06m/sec for current speed was given to MCC currents and MCC currents beyond the error limit are rejected, while the MCC current within the error limit is merged with the OSCAR ocean currents. The merging of MCC currents has spatially enhanced the OSCAR currents. MCC method is significant in calculating the coastal currents and its mesoscale properties, which dominate the coastal surface flow field and can be used in supplementing the OSCAR ocean currents. Merging of both the currents, have effectively resulted in preparing contiguous maps of coastal ocean currents.