bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of local positioning systems to measure external load in sport settings: a brief review
Authors: Conte Daniele
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to review the validity of the commonly adopted local positioning systems (LPSs) in sports settings for measuring athletes’ external load (i.e. distances, speeds, accelerations, and decelerations), with a special focus on systems using radio-frequency identification (RFID) and ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. The reviewed articles showed that the validity of 6 LPSs including both RFID and UWB technologies was assessed by documenting acceptable validity for measuring distances (< 3.5% difference) when compared with reference systems across different activities and sports (indoor and outdoor). Inconsistent results have been presented for average speeds, with difference from reference systems of up to 35%. Additionally, high differences have been revealed for accelerations (up to 12%) and decelerations (up to 84%) during movements including changes of directions and for high-intensity speeds (up to 43% difference) during small-sided games. Finally, the reviewed studies suggest a higher validity in measuring instant speeds and accelerations in LPSs compared with other tracking systems (global positioning systems and video-based systems). In conclusion, this review paper implies acceptable validity of the investigated LPSs in measuring distances, while caution should be observed when measuring speeds, accelerations, and decelerations. Moreover, this review provides sports coaches, practitioners, and club directors with valuable information on purchasing and using LPSs in sports settings.
Field experiment in psychology. Is there still room for conducting research in natural conditions?
Authors: Grzyb Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Background

This paper reflects on the status of the field experiment in contemporary psychology (especially its social branch). The subject of analysis is how frequently this method is used, especially in the context of the growing popularity of on-line research.

Participants and procedure

The empirical part of the article presents an experiment revealing the uniqueness of the field experiment as a method allowing for the identification of subtle variables that can have a real impact on the results obtained. In the whole study 128 people were examined (half of the group were women). The obtained results show that some phenomena cannot be examined in any other way than by means of the field experiment.

Results

The process of moving away from the study of real behaviours in the real environment, observed over the last twenty years, has not stopped since the criticism of this phenomenon expressed about 20 years ago. On the contrary, it has intensified. The phenomenon described in the article is definitely harmful to the scientific disci-pline so strongly connected with the social context of research, namely social psychology.

Conclusions

Time will show whether the increasingly loud voices criticising this trend will translate into an actual change of methods used by social psychologists.
Selected predictors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnancies with congenital disorders, other complications, and in healthy pregnancies
Authors: Kucharska Marta
Published: July 2020

Background

The mother-infant attachment begins to form during pregnancy and is important for the future development of the child. Pregnancy complications can affect this relationship. The purpose of the study was to identify predictors of maternal-fetal attachment in physiological and high-risk pregnancies.

Participants and procedure

The study group included women in pregnancies with congenital disorders (n = 65) or with other pregnancy complications (n = 65). A third group included women in healthy pregnancies (n = 65). Data were collected by: the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, the Questionnaire of Attachment Styles, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Social Support Scale, a standardized interview, the Dependency on Intimate Partner Scale, and the Pregnancy Experiences Scale.

Results

No significant differences in maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) were found between the groups. No predictors of MFA were observed for the women with a pregnancy with a congenital disorder. In the group of pregnancies with other complications, the only predictor of attachment intensity was pregnancy experience: a more negative attitude toward pregnancy was associated with lower MFA. In physiological pregnancies, MFA was found to be determined by pregnancy experience, gestational age, maternal age and dependency on one’s intimate partner. MFA increased as pregnancy progressed. Younger mothers in physiological pregnancies, who have more positive pregnancy experiences and are less dependent on a partner, achieve higher levels of MFA.

Conclusions

The presence of high-risk pregnancy, or its absence, does not differentiate the intensity of the emotional bond between mother and fetus. However, women with healthy pregnancies demonstrate different predictors of MFA than those with high-risk pregnancies.
Basic problems of scientific research in psychology
Authors: Brzeziński Jerzy M.
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the “immersion” of scientific and professional activities (assessment, consulting and psy-chotherapy) of psychologists from four perspectives: methodological, institutional, social practice and ethical. In scientific research, the primary importance is attached to testable empirical psychological theory. In particular, it has been emphasized that professional practice only makes sense and is ethical if it is supported by the results of basic research conducted by research psychologists.
Frictional slip weakening and shear-enhanced crystallinity in simulated coal fault gouges at slow slip rates
Authors: Fan Caiyuan , Liu Jinfeng , Hunfeld Luuk B. , Spiers Christopher J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Previous studies show that organic-rich fault patches may
play an important role in promoting unstable fault slip. However, the
frictional properties of rock materials with nearly 100 % organic content,
e.g., coal, and the controlling microscale mechanisms remain unclear. Here,
we report seven velocity stepping (VS) experiments and one slide–hold–slide (SHS)
friction experiment performed on simulated fault gouges prepared from
bituminous coal collected from the upper Silesian Basin of Poland. These
experiments were performed at 25–45 MPa effective normal stress and 100 ∘C, employing sliding velocities of 0.1–100 µm s−1 and using
a conventional triaxial apparatus plus direct shear assembly. All samples
showed marked slip-weakening behavior at shear displacements beyond
∼ 1–2 mm, from a peak friction coefficient approaching
∼0.5 to (nearly) steady-state values of ∼0.3,
regardless of effective normal stress or whether vacuum-dry or flooded with
distilled (DI) water at 15 MPa pore fluid pressure. Analysis of both
unsheared and sheared samples by means of microstructural observation,
micro-area X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy suggests that the
marked slip-weakening behavior can be attributed to the development of R-,
B- and Y-shear bands, with internal shear-enhanced coal crystallinity
development. The SHS experiment performed showed a transient peak healing
(restrengthening) effect that increased with the logarithm of hold time at a
linearized rate of ∼0.006. We also determined the
rate dependence of steady-state friction for all VS samples using a full
rate and state friction approach. This showed a transition from velocity
strengthening to velocity weakening at slip velocities >1 µm s−1 in the coal sample under vacuum-dry conditions but at
>10 µm s−1 in coal samples exposed to DI water at 15 MPa pore pressure. The observed behavior may be controlled by competition
between dilatant granular flow and compaction enhanced by the presence of
water. Together with our previous work on the frictional properties of
coal–shale mixtures, our results imply that the presence of a weak,
coal-dominated patch on faults that cut or smear out coal seams may promote
unstable, seismogenic slip behavior, though the importance of this in
enhancing either induced or natural seismicity depends on local conditions.
Decreasing wind speed extrapolation error via domain-specific feature extraction and selection
Authors: Vassallo Daniel , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Fernando Harindra J. S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Model uncertainty is a significant challenge in the wind energy industry and can lead to mischaracterization of millions of dollars' worth of wind resources. Machine learning methods, notably deep artificial neural networks (ANNs), are capable of modeling turbulent and chaotic systems and offer a promising tool to produce high-accuracy wind speed forecasts and extrapolations. This paper uses data collected by profiling Doppler lidars over three field campaigns to investigate the efficacy of using ANNs for wind speed vertical extrapolation in a variety of terrains, and it quantifies the role of domain knowledge in ANN extrapolation accuracy. A series of 11 meteorological parameters (features) are used as ANN inputs, and the resulting output accuracy is compared with that of both standard log-law and power-law extrapolations. It is found that extracted nondimensional inputs, namely turbulence intensity, current wind speed, and previous wind speed, are the features that most reliably improve the ANN's accuracy, providing up to a 65 % and 52 % increase in extrapolation accuracy over log-law and power-law predictions, respectively. The volume of input data is also deemed important for achieving robust results. One test case is analyzed in depth using dimensional and nondimensional features, showing that the feature nondimensionalization drastically improves network accuracy and robustness for sparsely sampled atmospheric cases.
Perception of Pupils, on Home Grown School Feeding Programme in Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria
Authors: Igboji Jonathan Ogbonna , Ifeanachor Umoke Prince Christian , Umoke MaryJoy , Nwazunku Augustine Alugbala , Nwalieji Chioma Adaora , Umoke Emmanuel Uchechukwu , Onwe Rosemary N. , Nwafor Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Nwalieji Clara Nneka
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine the perception of pupils on the Home Grown School Feeding Programme in Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria. The research utilized a cross-sectional survey research design on a population of 66591 pupils in the selected public primary schools. A sample of 540 pupils was used for the study. The instrument for data collection is a 30-item “Questionnaire on Perception of Pupils on Home Grown School Feeding Programme (QPPHGSFP).” Four hundred and eighty-six (486) copies of each questionnaire were administered and 483 (99.4%) were retrieved. Data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Chi-square statistic was used to test the null hypothesis at a p<0.05 level of significance. Result showed that HGSFP makes the pupils to enroll, attend, remain in school. Pupils like the quality and the size of the food served, and it was locally produced. Age, sex, and class level was not significant (p>0.05) while the location was significant (p<0.05). Conclusively pupils’ perception was good on HGSFP. We recommend that the government and other stakeholders in charge of the programme should remain committed to providing the needed resources for the smooth running of the programme to improve the educational infrastructure of rural communities.
Diagnostic Values of Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kashani Sara , Alvandi Amir Houshang , Abiri Ramin
Published: July 2020

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen in community and hospital environments and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods are sensitive and acceptable molecular methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to develop detection assays for Staphylococcal mecA and spa using multiplex PCR and LAMP. Methods: Both methods were standardized, and detection limits were determined using serial dilutions of S. aureus DNA samples. Fifty-three clinical isolates of S. aureus were confirmed to the species level using biochemical tests and multiplex PCR and multiplex LAMP for the spa gene, while disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and detection of mecA genes were used for the assessment of methicillin resistance. Results: The PCR could detect the mecA and spa genes at 1 fg/mL and 10 fg/mL of bacterial DNA, which were equal to 35 and 350 gene copy numbers, respectively. Similarly, multiplex LAMP detected the spa and mecA genes at 0.1 fg/mL and 1 fg/mL of bacterial DNA, which were equal to 3.5 and 35 genome copy numbers, respectively. According to MIC and disk diffusion methods, four (7.54%) cases were oxacillin-sensitive methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 16 isolates were methicillin-sensitive, and 37 isolates were methicillin-resistant. According to multiplex PCR, 47.75% of the isolates were mecA-positive while in multiplex LAMP, 41 (35.77%) isolates were mecA-positive. Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex LAMP were higher than those of multiplex PCR and biochemical methods. Thus, we can apply the LAMP for the routine detection of MRSA.
The global economic impact of COVID-19: Three possible scenarios
Authors: Hosain Md Sajjad , Rasel Md
Published: July 2020

This theoretical paper aims at reviewing and forecasting the possible economic after-impact of COVID-19 worldwide. It is entirely based on published sources such as articles, online and print information (e. g. information published on newspapers, Internet and different TV channels). The long last economic impact this viral outbreak is yet to be known as such dreadful news will possibly show up only after once it slowed down or completely wiped out although some of them have already been visible. In this paper, the author predicts three possible scenarios that the world economy might face. He has also provided some action recommendations for the individual Governments and economic organizations in order to reduce (as such loss cannot be prevented completely) the after-effects of such deadly catastrophe that shows up once in a century. The paper is expected to assist as a baseline for further research attempts to be made regarding the economic impact of COVID-19 by the academicians and guide the policy makers to make some recovery plans.
Mogućnost razvoja kulturnog turizma u selu Velika Drenova
Authors: Stojković Jelena
Published: July 2020

Velika Drenova je selo, prestonica srpskog kalemarstva. Delatnost stanovništva vezana je za poljoprivredu (каlemarstvo, vinogradarstvo, vinarstvo i baštovanstvo). Zahvaljujući trenutnim, skromnim kulturnim resursima i uvođenjem novih, unapredila bi se kulturno-turistička ponuda trsteničkog kraja i obližnjih okruga. Cilj rada je ispitivanje mogućnosti da selo postane destinacija kulturnog turizma na ruralnom području. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu  od februara do maja 2019. godine, na uzorku od 38 ispitanika, stanovnika sela. Korišćene su sledeće metode: anketiranje na prostom, slučajnom uzorku, metoda intervjua sa opštinskim zvaničnicima i metoda analize i sinteze, као i deskriptivna metoda. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je lokalno stanovništvo zainteresovano za posete turista. Interevjuisani sagovornici su takođe pokazali interesovanje da se ovakav projekat realizuje. Rezultati istraživanja su značajni jer govore o pozitivnom stavu seoskog stanovništva i čelnika opštine o unapređenju kulturnog turizma. Primeri pokretanja kulturnog turizma u ruralnoj sredini su retki, tako da bi ovakav projekat bio značajan.
Merenje trofaznih električnih veličina nesinusoidnog oblika pomoću mikroračunarskog merača
Authors: Marković Filip , Bjelić Slobodan , Milićević Violeta , Marković Nenad
Published: July 2020

U radu je opisan postupak za merenje trofaznih električnih veličina koji se koristi u elektroenergetskim mrežama. Merenje trofaznih električnih veličina izvršeno je pomoću formula koje su implementirane u dijagnostičku blok šemu pomoću softverskog paketa Quartus II 13.0sp1. Određen je diskretni (digitalni) algoritam za dobijanje efektivnih vrednosti napona, struja, aktivne i reaktivne snage. Rezultati koji se dobijaju se programski simuliraju, predstavljaju na monitoru ili štampaju i primenljivi su u praksi.
Colônia (Alpinia zerumbet): um novo nicho para o agronegócio?
Authors: Silva Warley Wilk Angelo da
Published: July 2020

Está pesquisa objetivou avaliar a possibilidade da Alpinia zerumbet (espécie comumente usada no ramo da ornamentação e muito conhecida pelas comunidades indígenas pelas suas propriedades medicinais) se tornar um novo nicho para o agronegócio (tendo em vista que a mesma não tem participação significativa no mercado agrícola) mediante a observação de suas propriedades químicas e medicinais e a necessidade desse produto para a medicina e para a população, considerando o fato de que a agricultura é a base de toda a matéria-prima da industrial fitoterapêutica. Sendo assim, a metodologia buscou pesquisas que comprovem a eficiência das propriedades medicinais que a A. zerumbet possui, comparando-as com as referências que demonstrem a real necessidade dessas propriedades para o tratamento das diversas doenças que o fitoterápico desta espécie possua efeito. Diante dessa pesquisa, foi observado que a A. zerumbet possui as seguintes propriedades medicinais: antioxidante, miorrelaxante, antinociceptivo, ansiolítico, antimicrobiana, anti-hipertensiva, vasorrelaxante e possui a capacidade de excitabilidade neuronal, aumento da saturação parcial de oxigênio e de hipertrofia cardíaca. Essas propriedades possuem eficiência no tratamento e prevenção de muitas doenças que ocorrem em grande parte da população do Brasil e do mundo. Desta forma, estima-se que a demanda por fitoterápicos oriundos da A. zerumbet seja alta, sendo assim uma nova possibilidade para o crescimento do agronegócio e também do mercado farmacêutico.
Um estudo sobre a teia de instituições de accountability brasileira
Authors: Vaz Vinicius Eduardo Martins Baraldi , Ribeiro Antonio Carlos Andrade
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo é discutido o papel das instituições públicas no âmbito subnacional, organizações da sociedade civil e as relações interpessoais na promoção de accountability, a partir de um estudo sobre as redes de cooperação para prevenção e combate à corrupção (RCPCCs) no Brasil. O objetivo é investigar a participação e interação desses elementos no exercício da accountability. Os dados analisados neste artigo foram coletados em duas fases: uma de coleta de dados secundários disponíveis na internet sobre as RCPCCs e outra coleta foi realizada via questionário online. Foram aplicadas técnicas de Análise de Redes Sociais buscando mapear as relações entre as redes de controle e seus membros; também foram usadas técnicas estatísticas descritivas e inferências para descrever características das redes sobre os pontos destacados. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que órgão públicos no nível subnacional são atores chave no exercício da accountability, tendo destaque o MPE e TCE como instituições subnacionais com maior número de laços; a sociedade civil aparece como sendo importante mas,  a avaliação de seu papel no funcionamento das RCPCCs apresenta maior variabilidade e, em média, é considerado menos importante que o papel dos órgãos públicos; e por fim redes interpessoais conectam, por laços de amizade, as RCPCCs dos diferentes estados brasileiros.
Treinamento de força para idosos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Pereira Cicero Cleber Brito , Brasil Poliana Grangeiro , Bezerra Gabriela Gomes de Oliveira , Bezerra Marcos Antônio Araújo
Published: July 2020

Nos últimos anos foi possível observar que a perspectiva de vida aumentou na população de idosos no Brasil e no mundo. Durante o processo de envelhecimento é comum que esse segmento etário apresentem os seguintes problemas de saúde: perda de densidade óssea (osteoporose) e massa muscular (sarcopenia), assim como articulações menos fortes e mais vulneráveis a danos, pois um tipo de acidente que acomete com frequência esse público são as quedas, que têm grande predominância entre as variáveis de ferimentos não intencionais. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar por meio de revisão integrativa os efeitos do treinamento de força para a saúde de idosos. A busca por artigos se deu através das plataformas eletrônicas BVS e Scielo com os descritores elderly, strength traing, resistance training e os operadores AND e OR. Os artigos incluídos foram estudos publicados nos últimos 5 (cinco) anos, avaliados por meio de análise qualitativa que compreendeu relacionar os diferentes artigos selecionados com as questões da pesquisa a fim de atender seus objetivos. Dos artigos encontrados após análise de título e resumo foi totalizado 551 artigos. Dos   selecionados foram excluídos da pesquisa 541 artigos. Após a leitura e avaliação restaram 10 artigos para construção desta revisão. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o treinamento de força pode ser eficaz para suprimir o processo de envelhecimento e possibilitar maior funcionalidade no dia-a-dia através do aumento da massa muscular, redução do percentual de gordura corporal, aumentando a força do indivíduo, de sua capacidade funcional, e melhora no estado cognitivo. Diante do estudo conclui-se que o treinamento de força pode ser muito eficaz para a manutenção da saúde e uma melhor qualidade de vida dos idosos, pois possibilita maior funcionalidade para atividades diárias e benefícios para saúde física e mental, entretanto deve-se respeitar as variáveis do treinamento para não gerar complicações, pois é necessário novos estudos mais aprofundados que possam comprovar os benefícios do treinamento de força para a saúde de idosos.
Perfil cronobiológico, aptidão física e sonolência diurna excessiva em escolares
Authors: Pereira Cícero Cleber Brito , Gomes Carolina Landim , Bezerra Gabriela Gomes de Oliveira , Bezerra Marcos Antônio Araújo
Published: July 2020

Compreender a Cronobiologia é saber como acontece o processamento do ritmo biológico do organismo do ser humano. A aptidão física é principalmente estimulada durante a infância e juventude, pois é nessa fase onde os sistemas motor e cognitivo estão mais vulneráveis a aprendizagem. Justifica-se a escolha do tema por sentir necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento teórico e prático acerca do assunto. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar o perfil cronobiológico, aptidão física e a sonolência excessiva diurna em escolares de ambos os sexos do município de Lavras da Mangabeira/CE. A seguinte pesquisa se caracteriza de campo, intencional, composta por 72 alunos, de escolas da rede pública de ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados através do questionário de Horne e Ostberg, tabela de sonolência e testes do Proesp Brasil, a análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Os resultados nos mostram que em sua maioria os alunos estão dentro da zona saudável, possuem perfil cronobiologico vespertino, em apenas um teste o resultado encontrado foi negativo. Com tudo conclui-se que devemos nos atentar ainda mais para informações e procurar ainda mais conhecimento para que possamos intervir de maneira eficaz, cessando problemas existente.
Brincadeiras: os benefícios do uso do brincar na educação infantil com crianças de 3 a 4 anos
Authors: Fernandes Neto Izidorio Paz , Alencar Denisy Alves
Published: July 2020

O ato de brincar é função fundamental para o desenvolvimento nos primeiros anos de vida. Nesse aspecto este estudo demonstra a importância do brincar no ensino-aprendizagem de crianças de 3 a 4 anos de idade, uma vez que o brincar possibilita um crescimento saudável à criança para que a mesma possa desenvolver todas as suas habilidades tornando-se um adulto bem resolvido e equilibrado psicologicamente, refletindo em seus aspectos físicos e emocionais. O ato de brincar ainda possibilita que a criança compreenda e absorva o verdadeiro sentido de compartilhar, evitando que se torne um adulto egoísta e possessivo, seja materialmente ou sentimentalmente. O brincar influência na autoestima, contribuindo também para formação de sua personalidade; pois toda brincadeira tem em si um significado que alcance e transmita seus objetivos. Desta forma, este trabalho se faz pertinente uma vez que se fundamenta na tese de que o brincar na educação infantil colabora para do desenvolvimento da criança. Buscou-se um levantamento bibliográfico, concernente a questão do brincar com o subsídio de diversas fontes, com consultas de obras respeitáveis e atualizadas.
Uso de tecnologia e qualidade de vida de alunos da rede pública de ensino médio integral
Authors: Bezerra Marcos Antonio Araújo , Vanali Renan Costa , Carneiro Raphael Luiz de Souza , Bezerra Gabriela Gomes de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

A tecnologia é um padrão para lidar com a realidade e sua evolução para resolução de problemas é uma ação inevitável da curiosidade humana, tal ato acarretou numa mudança de hábitos e interferindo a qualidade de vida dos seus usuários, afetando diretamente níveis da saúde e educação. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as possíveis interferências dos recursos tecnológicos na Qualidade de Vida (QV) de alunos da rede pública de ensino médio na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e corte transversal, realizado com 61 escolares da rede estadual de ensino da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado para aquisição das informação sobre o uso de tecnologia em aparelhos eletrônicos e o WHOQOL-BREF para mensurar os domínios e qualidade de vida. A analise dos dados foi realizado por meio do programa estatístico JASP, através de estatística descritiva por distribuição de frequência, teste t para amostras independentes para mensurar a diferença entre o tempo de uso de aparelhos eletrônicos entre os sexos, bem como os domínios da qualidade de vida. Os achados apontam maior frequência do uso do celular entre a população analisada, com maior proporção para o uso em redes sociais, apontando não existe diferença entre os sexos. A qualidade de vida se demonstrou mediana (>60 pontos) sem diferença entre os sexos. Conclui-se que a tecnologia estando ligada a falta da oferta de prática de atividades no tempo ocioso junto à rotina escolar, influência nos domínios físicos e na Qualidade de Vida (QV).
The typology of parricide and the role of mental illness: Data‐driven approach
Authors: Bojanić Lana , Flynn Sandra , Gianatsi Myrsini , Kapur Navneet , Appleby Louis , Shaw Jenny
Published: July 2020

Parricide is a rare type of homicide in which mental illness is often an important factor. The aims of this study were (a) to describe the characteristics of parricide offenders with a focus on mental illness and clinical care and (b) to examine Heide's widely used typology of parricide through a data‐driven approach. We analyzed all homicides in England and Wales between 1997 and 2014. Parricide offenders in our sample were most often male, unmarried, and unemployed, with a third of offenders diagnosed with schizophrenia; 28% had been in contact with mental health services before the offense. The latent class analysis resulted in three types of parricide offenders: middle‐aged with affective disorder, previously abused, and seriously mentally Ill, which confirmed, to an extent, Heide's typology. Health and social care services should actively engage with carers of people with mental illness and support to those caring for older relatives and victims of abuse.
Lecturer fluency can impact students' judgments of learning and actual learning performance
Authors: Wilford Miko M. , Kurpad Nayantara , Platt Melanie , Weinstein‐Jones Yana
Published: July 2020

The way in which information is presented can influence students' judgments of learning (JOLs). Carpenter, Wilford, Kornell, and Mullaney (2013) found that students reported higher JOLs after viewing a fluent lecturer (good speaker) versus a disfluent lecturer, whereas actual learning performance was unaffected by lecturer fluency. The current research sought to replicate Carpenter et al. (2013) and examine whether students could improve calibration of their JOLs if provided a second opportunity to do so over a different video. In three experiments, participants watched a video of a fluent or disfluent lecturer, made a JOL, completed a free‐recall test, and then repeated this procedure with a second video. The fluent lecturer generally produced higher JOLs than the disfluent lecturer (for both videos) across all three experiments. However, fluency also had a positive impact on actual learning performance. These diverging results further illuminate the impact lecturer fluency can have on student learning.
Molecular Fingerprint Detection Using Portable Water‐Compatible Electronic Tunneling Spectroscopy Device
Authors: Karadan Prajith , Ziv Amir , Tzaguy Avra , Yochelis Shira , Paltiel Yossi , Yerushalmi Roie
Published: July 2020

Real‐time and label‐free recognition of molecules is highly desired in numerous fields; however, most existing detection schemes require specific functionalization of the device suited for the molecule to be detected and is often complicated by nonselective adsorption. Current detection methodologies that deliver detailed molecular‐level information typically require elaborate analytical instrumentation to overcome these limitations, rendering those costly, not scalable, and nonportable techniques. Herein, a detection scheme is presented that rely on measurement of the tunneling currents through molecules under ambient conditions by employing a robust, scalable, portable, and water‐compatible device. High aspect ratio semiconductor–metal hybrid nanosystems, which feature a metal tip (Au) that functions as a nanoelectrode, are utilized to create self‐formed nanojunctions. Analyte molecules intercalate between the nanoscopic gold tip and a counter electrode, resulting in distinctive tunneling currents. Characteristic dI/dV fingerprint traces, unique to the density of states of the molecular species embedded in the liquid medium, are detectable. Resetting is demonstrated by desorption of adsorbed molecules by applying a reset voltage bias. This study paves the way toward low‐cost, on‐site, and real‐time information‐rich molecular detectors.
Synthesis of α‐Aminocyclopropyl Ketones and 2‐Substituted Benzoimidazoles from 2‐Hydroxycyclobutanones and Aryl Amines
Authors: Serusi Lorenzo , Soddu Francesco , Cuccu Federico , Peretti Giuseppe , Luridiana Alberto , Secci Francesco , Caboni Pierluigi , Aitken David J. , Frongia Angelo
Published: July 2020

We have developed one‐step protocols for the preparation of a large selection of α‐aminocyclopropyl ketones or benzo[d]imidazoles, by reacting 2‐substituted‐2‐hydroxycyclobutanones with aryl amines or o‐phenylenediamines, respectively. In most case the reactions proceed at room temperature and are catalyst‐free. The formation of benzo[d]imidazoles is rationalized in terms of an unusual ring‐closure/ring‐fission process followed by aromatization.

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Codon usage pattern analysis of Gnetum luofuense (Gnetales) based on transcriptome data
Authors: Deng Nan , Liu Caixia , Song Qingan , Yao Min , Yang Rui , Ma Fengfeng , Tian Yuxin
Published: July 2020

The Gnetum genus is an important medical, grain, and oil crop with ambiguous phylogenetic placement in seed plants. In the current study, full‐length transcripts from G. luofuense L. leaves were utilized for codon usage pattern analysis. For this, a total of 30,666 full‐length transcripts were used for analysis after data filtering. The GC content of all transcripts was 44.75%, with GC1 being the highest at 50.98%. Eighteen codons were identified as optimal codons, and 16 codons ending with A/U, indicating a higher frequency of A/T codon usage. Advanced analyses indicated that other factors, such as natural selection, play an important role in shaping the codon usage patterns in Gnetum. This study will be beneficial for understanding both the evolutionary mechanisms as well as the history of Gnetum genus.
Growing season nitrate leaching as affected by nitrogen management in irrigated potato production
Authors: Clément Chedzer‐Clarc , Cambouris Athyna N. , Ziadi Noura , Zebarth Bernie J. , Karam Antoine
Published: July 2020

Nitrate leaching from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production is of great concern because of its potential effects on water resources. Suction lysimeters were used in combination with a one‐dimensional flow model to quantify NO3–N leaching under irrigated potato produced on sandy soils near Québec City, QC, Canada. The 3‐yr (2010−2012) study compared a single application of polymer‐coated urea (PCU) and split‐applied soluble N fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, AN; ammonium sulfate, AS) at three N rates (120, 200, and 280 kg N ha−1) in addition to an unfertilized control. Fertilizer N application increased total seasonal NO3–N leaching. A single application of PCU increased total seasonal NO3–N leaching in 2011 compared with AN and AS, which was attributed to a greater soil NO3–N concentration under the PCU treatment in combination with increased rainfall during the tuber bulking phase (60−90 d after planting). Total seasonal NO3–N leaching in 2012 was reduced with PCU and AS compared with AN, which was attributed to reduced soil NO3–N concentrations between planting and hilling when rainfall was high. Regardless of the fertilizer N source, NO3–N leaching was primarily driven by precipitation, as leaching occurred when elevated soil NO3–N concentrations coincided with excess water in the soil. The results suggest that a single application of PCU is an effective strategy for reducing NO3–N leaching in years when there is significant rainfall during the period between planting and hilling.
Pulmonary arterial pressure and nasal obstruction in mouth‐breathing children: Similarities between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ferreira Nader Carolina Maria Fontes , Capanema Flávio Diniz , Franco Letícia Paiva , Meira Zilda Maria Alves , Galvão Cláudia Pena , Ramos Vinícius Malaquias , Tinano Mariana Maciel , Torres Lucas Lima , Guimarães Roberto Becker , Becker Helena Maria Gonçalves
Published: July 2020

Background

Upper airway obstruction may cause pulmonary hypertension in childhood. In this study we aimed to identify a possible correlation of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP), using Doppler echocardiography, with nasal patency (NP), as measured by rhinomanometry, in mouth‐breathing (MB) children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study we evaluated 183 patients, from 2 to 12 years of age, at an MB referral clinic in Brazil, from December 2013 to 2017. We allocated patients to 4 etiology groups: group 1, 60 MBs with ATH; group 2, 47 MBs with AR; group 3, 43 MBs with both ATH and AR; and group 4, 33 nasal breathing control subjects. The ratio of total nasal inspiratory flow (assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry) and expected inspiratory flow adjusted for height determined the percent NP (%NP).

Results

The median %NP was higher in controls than in the MB groups (controls, 114% [79‐147%]; ATH: 65% [5‐116%]; AR: 57% [23‐144%]; ATH and AR: 64% [3‐120%]; p < 0.001). Median SPAP was higher in the MB groups than in controls (SPAP: ATH, 26.0 [20.0‐35.0] mmHg; AR, 26.0 [22.0‐32.0] mmHg; ATH and AR, 26.30 [20.0‐34.0] mmHg; control, 22.0 [16.0‐30.0] mmHg; p < 0.001). SPAP showed a negative association with %NP (Spearman's rho = −0.24; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Reduced nasal airflow in MB children showed a correlation with higher levels of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure. The AR and ATH groups were similar in nasal obstruction severity and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure level distribution.
Topical nasal treatment efficacy on adult obstructive sleep apnea severity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nguyen Dang‐Khoa , Liang Jonathan , Durr Megan
Published: July 2020

Background

Nasal obstruction is a common complaint in patients with sleep‐disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although topical nasal treatments (TNTs) have been shown to reduce nasal resistance and improve nasal obstruction, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of TNTs in adult OSA. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis we aim to evaluate the role of TNTs in adults with OSA. Data sources used included PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central, from January 2001 to July 2019.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were English‐language studies containing original data on TNTs in adults (≥18 years) with OSA (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5). Exclusion criteria were case reports, studies without outcome measures, and concurrent non‐TNT treatment for OSA. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles and performed quality assessment using validated tools. Meta‐analysis and quality assessment were performed.

Results

Of the 2180 abstracts identified, 8 studies met inclusion criteria. TNTs included decongestants (4 of 8 studies), corticosteroids (3 of 8), and antihistamines (1 of 8). Outcome measures included AHI (8 of 8), respiratory distress index (RDI; 1 of 8), oxygen‐desaturation index (ODI; 3 of 8), minimum SaO2 (MinSaO2; 4 of 8), nasal resistance (4 of 8), endoscopic sinus surgery (4 of 8 studies) and standardized rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire scores (1 of 8 studies). Qualitatively, all studies showed trends toward improving objective and subjective measures of OSA, although the significance of these improvements varied across studies. A meta‐analysis was performed in 5 studies, but TNTs did not reveal a significant change in AHI (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

TNTs may improve minimum oxygen saturation, ODI, RDI, and subjective/quality‐of‐life measures. Allergic patients may have more improvement in OSA measures compared with nonallergic patients. Future studies are indicated to accurately determine the efficacy of TNTs.
Dynamics of Bacteriorhodopsin in the Dark‐Adapted State from Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Kooijman Laurens , Schuster Matthias , Baumann Christian , Jurt Simon , Löhr Frank , Fürtig Boris , Güntert Peter , Zerbe Oliver
Published: July 2020

To achieve efficient proton pumping in the light‐driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR), the protein must be tightly coupled to the retinal to rapidly convert retinal isomerization into protein structural rearrangements. Methyl group dynamics of bR embedded in lipid nanodiscs were determined in the dark‐adapted state, and were found to be mostly well ordered at the cytosolic side. Methyl groups in the M145A mutant of bR, which displays only 10 % residual proton pumping activity, are less well ordered, suggesting a link between side‐chain dynamics on the cytosolic side of the bR cavity and proton pumping activity. In addition, slow conformational exchange, attributed to low frequency motions of aromatic rings, was indirectly observed for residues on the extracellular side of the bR cavity. This may be related to reorganization of the water network. These observations provide a detailed picture of previously undescribed equilibrium dynamics on different time scales for ground‐state bR.
Dual‐Function HKUST‐1: Templating and Catalyzing Formation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Albolkany Mohamed K. , Wang Yang , Li Weijin , Arooj Syeda , Chen Chun‐Hui , Wu Niannian , Wang Yan , Zbořil Radek , Fischer Roland A. , Liu Bo
Published: July 2020

Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐CNQDs) are highly promising photoresponsive materials. However, synthesis of monodispersed g‐CNQDs remains challenging. Here we report the dual function of MOF [Cu3BTC2] (HKUST‐1) as a catalyst and template simultaneously to prepare g‐CNQDs under mild conditions. Cyanamide (CA), a graphitic carbon nitride precursor, catalytically dimerized inside the larger MOF cavities at 90 °C and condensed into g‐CNQDs at 120 °C in a controlled fashion. The HKUST‐1 template was stable under the reaction conditions, leading to uniform g‐CNQDs with a particle size of 2.22±0.68 nm. The as prepared g‐CNQDs showed photoluminescence emission with a quantum yield of 3.1 %. This concept (MOF dual functionality) for catalyzing CA polycondensation (open metal sites (OMSs) effect) and controlling the produced particle size (pore‐templating effect), together with the tunable MOF porosity, is expected to produce unique g‐CNQDs with controllable size, morphology, and surface functionality.
Heterochiral Self‐Discrimination‐Driven Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Decanuclear Gold(I)‐Sulfido Complexes into 2D Nanostructures with Chiral Anions‐Tuned Morphologies
Authors: Yao Liao‐Yuan , Chen Zhen , Zhang Kaka , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: July 2020

Chiral self‐recognition and self‐discrimination are of vital importance to biological processes. In this work, 2D regular rhombic nanocrystals (RS‐NC) were fabricated through heterochiral self‐discrimination between chiral polynuclear gold(I)‐sulfido complex enantiomers, [(R‐BINAP)4Au10S4]Cl2 (R‐Au10) and [(S‐BINAP)4Au10S4]Cl2 (S‐Au10), in MeOH without the need for any surfactants or templates. The monitoring of nanocrystals (NCs) formation by TEM and DLS has uncovered the self‐assembly process and shape evolution of the NCs and revealed a screw‐dislocation dictated spiral growth of the rhombic NCs. Upon addition of chiral anions, the morphology of the gold NCs was found to change from rhombic to strip and quasi‐hexagonal nanosheets, arising from reverse and rotational layer‐by‐layer stacking to give the bilayer NCs. By applying a high temperature, rhombic gold nanoisland films were obtained from the rhombic NCs. The current study has provided a simple strategy towards the construction of regular geometric 2D NCs as well as their chiral anion‐tuned and reverse and rotational stacking‐determined morphology change by heterochiral self‐discrimination.
Clinical Anatomy and Unexpected Careers: Is There Curriculum for That?
Authors: Bazos Ethan , Attardi Stefanie M. , Baytor Jennifer , Wilson Timothy D.
Published: July 2020

Reduction in faculty positions in higher education and increased graduate matriculation rates represent a higher education conundrum. Planned happenstance theory (PHT) is a career development model focusing on positive outcomes resulting from unpredictable precareer events. This mixed methods study explores how PHT applies to the career paths of a clinical anatomy (CA) postgraduate cohort. It provides insight into educational practices designed to equip students for labor markets inside and outside academia. Alumni of CA (n = 12; 2014‐2018) were interviewed about career‐related events transpiring from graduate studies to present, allowing exploration on how PHT contextualizes their shared experiences. Planned happenstance career inventory (PHCI) enumerated planned happenstance skill (PHS) scores. Total PHS was referenced 527 times across 12 interviews. Of the PHS references, curiosity established highest incidence (154 references, 29%), optimism (132 references, 25%), flexibility (101 references, 19%), risk‐taking (85 references, 16%), and persistence (55 references, 10%) and 43 distinct happenstance events were documented. In addition, social networking (52 references) arose as an emergent code and was divided into internal networking (28 references, 54%) and external networking (24 references, 46%). Application of the five‐point PHCI scale revealed: curiosity (4.4 ± 0.3; mean ± SD), flexibility (3.6 ± 0.7), persistence (4.4 ± 0.3), optimism (4.3 ± 0.4), and risk‐taking (4.1 ± 0.5). Curiosity had the strongest association with happenstance event incidence. Social networking was a key substituent of PHT not yet described in the literature. Educational practices incorporating PHT concepts, with emphasis on curiosity, may provide graduates novel metacognitive skills needed to develop novel career paths.
Lignin valorization using biological approach
Authors: Singhvi Mamata , Kim Beom Soo
Published: July 2020

Due to the structural complexity and recalcitrance nature of lignin, its depolymerization into monomeric units becomes one of the biggest challenges in the bioconversion of lignin into value‐added products. Depolymerization of lignin produces a blend of many compounds that are problematic for isolating components in a cost‐effective way. Lignin valorization using a biological approach facilitates sustainable and commercially viable biorefineries. The use of microbes for the conversion of depolymerized lignin compounds into target products can be a solution to the heterogeneity issue. Several studies have been carried out to develop robust strains that can utilize all relevant lignin‐derived compounds, but constructing these strains is difficult. As an alternative, designing multiple microbes to convert a mixture of various compounds into the desired product seems realistic. This review provides an overview of lignin bioconversion using various approaches such as metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Ligninolytic strains have a broad enzymatic machine for depolymerization of lignin and its conversion into intermediates such as catechol or protocatechuate. These intermediates can be further converted to metabolite products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates and triacylglycerol. Synthetic biology offers encouraging methodologies to construct pathways for lignin conversion and to engineer ligninolytic microbes as prospective strains for lignin bioconversion.
Evaluation of the Influence of Magnetic Field on Female Users of an Induction Hob in Ergonomically Sound Exposure Situations
Authors: Gryz Krzysztof , Karpowicz Jolanta , Zradziński Patryk
Published: July 2020

The hypothesis being tested was that the exposure of female workers to the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by an induction hob (IHb) meeting public exposure limitations (evaluated according to EN/IEC 62233) is also compliant with European Directive 2013/35/EU on workers’ protection. The electric field induced in three female models in a realistic ergonomically comfortable posture near IHb was evaluated using numerical models of 25 kHz EMF sources (IHb covered by cooking vessels). It was found that, in analyzed ergonomically comfortable exposure situations, the electric field induced in the user's body may exceed public and workers’ limits when the vessels do not match the dimensions of IHb's heating zone. This can even be the case when IHb complies with Conformité Européenne labeling requirements (i.e. EMF exposure falls below public limits 30 cm away from IHb edge). In the 36 exposure scenarios analyzed, statistically significant differences were found when the distances from IHb and vessel dimension, and the height and body mass index of models in exposure scenarios varied, but not between the use of models of pregnant and nonpregnant women. The use of IHb complying with European requirements on general public protection does not ensure that EMF exposure to workers complies with the relevant limits. Adequate protection measures need to address these occupational environmental hazards. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.