bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Secret Component in Architectural Design Studio: The “Filtering” Concept
Authors: Yurtsever Bengi , Polatoğlu Cigdem
Published: January 2021

Learning is an internalization process that depends on individual components. This study focuses on the problematic of learning in architectural design education process and examines its components. The relationship between learning and perception and how it can be handled in the architectural environment is discussed. Answers are searched on the axis of “individual, experience, perception” and especially is focused the concept of “filtering”. The learning environment in the architectural design studio is seen as a cultural environment where all actors share their experiences. It is thought that these variables should be brought to the forefront in order not to lose the originality, with so many variables connected with these cultural actors. In this context, it is aimed to examine the relation between filtering and authenticity in the process of debating the problem of learning in working. The discussion was conducted through a blended learning environment that is supposed to support the aforementioned relationship.

The study is based on the constructing grounded theory as a qualitative research pattern. The dynamic structure that can be empowered by the field experience of the selected research pattern has been a driving force in the study. Temporary hypotheses were identified with the preliminary problems and conceptual samples that were expected to be discussed, and then an experience environment was created that could generate data for the study. Then an experience environment was created that could generate data for the work. The implications of the observations, the open-ended questionnaires and the process of making the interviews were evaluated by descriptive analysis. With this approach, problems can be observed on an individual basis; and some of the problems that were grounded were brought into questionable positions with the architectural design studio.
Branding Cities Through Medical Tourism
Authors: Kalantarzadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Fasli Mukaddes
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the relationship between medical tourism and city branding as the main purpose. To this end, two measurement scales (questionnaires) were designed and validated. The data obtained through the questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as structural equation modeling via SPSS and LISREL. The study was done in the city of Shiraz which is a famous tourist destination worldwide and has high capacities in medical tourism as well. Participants included scholars and managerial staff in the fields of medical tourism and city branding. The results confirmed that the four underlying factors of medical tourism include medical facilities and services, doctors and staff, tourism factors and costs. Furthermore, city branding was confirmed to be comprised of three underlying factors including place and facilities, opportunities, and residents and culture. Finally, according to the findings from Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method of assessment branding in shiraz it was found that medical tourism affects directly on city branding.
Housing in Jerusalem: From a Flourishing Hope to Slow “Urbicide”
Authors: Saifi Yara , Samman Maha
Published: January 2021

Urbicide, domicide and memoricide are terms associated with destruction, whether of the tangible or intangible human and spatial capital. This paper discusses how, as a result of the Israeli imposed geopolitical map in Jerusalem, another face of these three “cides” is experienced. The Dahiyat al-Bareed neighbourhood, built in 1958, demarcated outside the municipal boundaries after 1967 and outside the Separation Wall boundaries after 2002, is used as a case study. The study illustrates how both the political conflict and the produced geopolitical map have indirectly forced the inhabitants of Dahiyat al-Bareed to abandon their homes. They need to reside in apartments within the municipal boundaries of Jerusalem to maintain their legal status in the city. This produced a gradual process of domicide, memoricide and eventually, slow urbicide in the Dahiyat al-Bareed neighbourhood. The three “-cide” attack is tackled by the owners as a survival dynamic. This is done by deliberately accentuating neglect and decay of the built structures to camouflage the owners' sporadic presence and to affirm the abandonment dynamic.

The study discusses the dynamics of the urban battle-ground in three ways: By reading trails through architecture and the measures Palestinians use to hold on to their homes, by observing and analysing the deliberate changes on the buildings and gardens designed to expose abandonment and withering, and through interviews with the owners of the houses. The purposeful withering and decay of spaces within the neighbourhood produces a state-of-being torn between the past place of dwelling and the new place of residence. This perpetuates a continuous dual conflict which inflicts a chronic trauma within the experience and memories of their homes as they tackle the memoricide dynamic. The study shows that the tensious choice of practicing a sense of dwelling beholds lengthy suffering inflicted by political injustice.
Sensory Perceptual Experience in Balata Refugee Camp
Authors: Qzeih Shahd Adnan M. , Sani Rafooneh Mokhtarshahi
Published: January 2021

Wars and conflicts have caused millions of people to seek asylum outside their homelands and the issue of refugee camps has become a pressing subject in international policy discussions. Conflicts continue to escalate in different parts of the world, especially in Middle Eastern countries. In 1948, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict forced displacement of many Palestinian people. The resulting camps have developed into cluster camp shelters of three to four stories in the West Bank, Gaza, and other regions around historical Palestine; some are perceived to be like gated communities. Being self-sufficient environments, refugee camps have rarely been approached from the perspective of urban psychology. This research deals with sensory perceptual analysis of Balata, the largest refugee camp in the West Bank of Palestinian Territories. Balata is situated in Nablus and has raised four generations of refugees since its establishment. In order to explore the spatial characteristics of such specific environmental experiences, the research adopted a mixed-method approach – systematically evaluating the related literature on sensory perceptual spaces and applying content analysis methods. The study modified the sensory slider tool of Malnar and Vodvarka according to the framework matrix based on the content analysis. Moreover, the case study analysis consisted of observation of the chosen area and 30 in-depth interviews with refugees who were forced out of their homes and settled in the camp as well as some who were born in the camp. The research results show that investigating what camp residents perceive of the five senses can capture meaningful sensory perceptual experiences and can generate a holistic mental image of the refugee camp. Particularly, perceptions of the built environment reflect the difficulty of life experiences. The study concludes that the characteristics of camps in this seventy-year-old conflict environment may not be found in other parts of the world.
Towards the Polycentric Urban Region: Impacts on Centres and Milieus
Authors: Musterd Sako , Bontje Marco , Ostendorf Wim
Published: January 2021

Over the past four decades, many urban regions, including the Amsterdam region, have changed from compact monocentric urban entities to - albeit still fairly compact - polycentric urban regions. This has been illustrated frequently and in various ways, for example with daily interaction information. A question relevant to this transformation concerns the implications it poses to the different centres and milieus in the urban region, especially the “old” central city. Is the central city quickly losing position, or is it gaining a new, vital place in the urban region? Can the answer to that be deduced from the population dynamics in the urban region? Is insight into the residential mobility process helpful in understanding the changing residential structure and the functioning of the urban system? This paper addresses these questions, using data that make it possible to analyse urban dynamics.
Migration Analysis as a Political Instrument The case of the Leiden and Bulb Regions in Randstad Holland
Authors: Goetgeluk Roland , Jong Tom de
Published: January 2021

This paper explains how a relatively simple analytical spatial algorithm and a GIS visualization of inter-municipal migration patterns revitalized the negotiations for a formal merger (called Holland Rijnland) between six municipalities in the urbanized Leiden Region and ten municipalities in the adjacent rural Bulb Region, both situated in Randstad Holland. Though the regional housing market was just one of the negotiation topics, the political discussion around it almost stymied the entire merger. We discovered a lack of knowledge about three key questions: Would the new merger function as one housing market region within the broader context of Randstad Holland? Do the original two regions interact at all? Or do lower-order regions exist instead? We answered these questions with the aid of individual migration data from Statistics Netherlands and by applying a method called Intramax Clustering in the GIS Flowmap programme. We found that the intended merger is indeed a housing market region; that interaction between the two regions is limited; and that lower-order housing market regions do exist. These findings helped to restart the negotiations; since 2004 Holland Rijnland has been a fact.
Editorial: Committed Educators are Reshaping Studio Pedagogy
Authors: Salama Ashraf
Published: January 2021

The process of educating future architects and designers around the world varies dramatically. However, there is one striking similarity - the dominance of the design studio as the main forum for knowledge acquisition and assimilation, and for creative exploration and interaction. Such a setting encompasses intensive cognitive and physical activities, which ultimately result in conceptualizing meaningful environments proposed to accommodate related human activities. The design studio is the primary space where students explore their creative skills that are so prized by the profession; it is the kiln where future architects are molded. It has occupied a central position since architectural education was formalized two centuries ago in France and later in Germany, the rest of Europe, North America, and the rest of the world.
Enhancing Critical Thinking Through “Independent Design Decision Making” in the Studio
Authors: Bose Mallika , Pennypacker Eliza , Yahner Thomas
Published: January 2021

A group of faculty at Penn State's Department of Landscape Architecture observed that the traditional master/apprentice model of studio instruction fosters greater student dependence on faculty for decision-making guidance than the faculty considers desirable. They contend that this traditional model promotes a studio dynamic that encourages students to look to the professor for design ideas and wait for faculty approval before making design decisions. The faculty considered this decision-making dependency to be in conflict with the need for students to develop the critical-thinking skills required to address the complex and ill-structured problems that are common in architecture and landscape architecture. In response to their concern this faculty team developed a studio teaching method they termed “independent design decision-making.” They speculated that by transferring the responsibility for design decisions from professor to the student, students could improve their critical thinking and gain confidence in design decision-making. The faculty conceived a set of strategies to implement in a 3rd year team-taught site planning and design studio that presents a range of complex design issues and scales. In collaboration with Penn State's Schreyer Institute for Teaching Excellence, the faculty researchers developed a 2-year comparative study to test this new teaching method in the same design studio with two consecutive student groups-evaluating the strategies implemented in the first year, refining methods, then applying and re-evaluating the results in the next year's class. These new strategies included ways students receive information to inspire their designs (“input strategies”) and ways to receive critique on their design ideas (“feedback strategies”). Two evaluation instruments were chosen to assess this method of studio teaching: 1) the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), and 2) Student Assessment of Learning Gains (SALG). This paper presents this teaching/learning method and reports on the results of the comparative study.
Exploring Social Construction in Architectural Pedagogy
Authors: Kim Joongsub
Published: January 2021

The orthodox approach in contemporary architectural pedagogy, grounded in a narrowly conceived rationality, lacks diversity in terms of both the population it serves and the methods it follows in the studio. This paper advances a social construction model with distinct advantages over the rational model. Based on multidisciplinary research, the model presented here is experimental, promoting innovation and allowing the unpredictable to emerge. It encourages students and studio clients to create their own collaborative reality. The paper recommends four socially constructive techniques for architecture/community design in neighborhood revitalization. Inversion begins with the client's vision. As students and residents work together to form their own image of the ideal community, the resulting vision informs subsequent data collection and analysis. Simulation allows students and other participants to undertake small-scale experiments, drawing immediate lessons that enhance the final implementation process. Reciprocity involves role-switching between expert partners and non-expert participants to counter biases while building mutual understanding. Finally, with Research in Action, hypothesis testing and design occur simultaneously. With these social construction approaches, predetermined steps in the rational model are reversed, merged, or even omitted. Faculty and expert partners behave more like facilitators than directors, coordinating activities and processes, reinforcing initiatives, and resolving conflicts-as clients make key design decisions. By assigning some major responsibilities to students and residents, social construction creates a sense of ownership among stakeholders. The paper compares the rational and social construction approaches, discussing implications and suggesting areas of further study.
Measurement and Analysis of Less Structured Data in Housing Research
Authors: Coolen Henny
Published: January 2021

Two ideal types of data can be distinguished in housing research: structured and less-structured data. Questionnaires and official statistics are examples of structured data, while less-structured data arise for instance from open interviews and documents. Structured data are sometimes labelled quantitative, while less-structured data are called qualitative. In this paper structured and less-structured data are considered from the perspective of measurement and analysis. Structured data arise when the researcher has an a priori category system or measurement scale available for collecting the data. When such an a priori system or scale is not available the data are called less-structured. It will be argued that these less-structured observations can only be used for any further analysis when they contain some minimum level of structure called a category system, which is equivalent to a nominal measurement scale. Once this becomes evident, one realizes that through the necessary process of categorization less-structured data can be analyzed in much the same way as structured data, and that the difference between the two types of data is one of degree and not of kind. In the second part of the paper these ideas are illustrated with examples from my own research on the meaning of preferences for dwelling features in which the concept of a meaning structure plays a central part. Until now these meaning structures have been determined by means of semi-structured interviews which, even with small samples, result in large amounts of less-structured data.
Impact of Social Rules on Creating A Liveable Space the Case of El-Fawakhria Traditional Quarter - Al-Arish - Egypt
Authors: Ragab Ahmed A. Monem
Published: January 2021

The transformation of the traditional desert houses in "Al-Arish" old settlement through various cultures and civilizations is a particularly unique case. The way the traditional house absorbs new members and accommodates new nuclear families at the same plot area is an interesting case. Previous researches have examined configuration characteristics of the traditional houses in "Al-Arish". This paper will focus on the interpretation of morphology and social structure. It is almost a truism within space syntax research that the sociologically significant aspects of a building are directly reflected in its spatial configuration. (Sonit Pafna, 2001). In the selected area for the case study, there are different house types referring to three main time periods; 1) pre-occupation period (type-a) unchanged original house forms, 2) occupation period (type-b); and 3) post-occupation period (type-c). House plans were examined using space syntax methods, and relationships to shifts in social traditions and family structures were analyzed. Typically the guest courtyard and the family courtyard, as the central living spaces, have always been an essential part of the social life of the society, their transformation were emphasized. Results of the study related to transformation process and the feedback of the changed social structure and the impact of the Islamic inheritance roles on the house forms were simulated and discussed for further research into accommodating solutions for contemporary needs of the inhabitants as guidelines for current housing practices.* The research aims to sketch a way of understanding the impact of the social rules and traditions on the spatial pattern, in other words detecting the society's impact on space. The paper intends to examine and explore the transformation process of Sinai's traditional houses and the changed social behavior from living within complex family structure to nuclear family structures with segregated household.
User Interventions in Turkish Mass Housing
Authors: Akalın Aysu , Yıldırım Kemal , Yücel Çiğdem , Güngör Can
Published: January 2021

The intent and aim of the research was to look at a particular house type i.e. a terraced house with four floors, which is one of the popular designs commonly used in the last ten years in mass housing projects in Turkey. There are four alternatives of the type related with the cross-sectional relationship with the ground floor level. Emphasis was placed upon the "semi-cellar type" assuming that even though the level of residential satisfaction gradually increases with the possibility of interpreting the use of the open-plan floor space, and by proposing new design elements to create more adaptable and flexible spaces, the users may still experience dissatisfaction with designs where the space cannot be revised. With the use of a questionnaire, participants judged their own house as a whole and evaluated its uses for different functions and activities, complained in respect of changes required, and finally outlined their plans for the future. Despite the high level of satisfaction with having a garden (a unique characteristic in apartment-saturated Ankara), the aspect of dissatisfaction mostly referred to was the kitchen-garden relationship (or lack thereof). The residents, especially the older ones, were generally dissatisfied with the multi-storey design of their house. They prefer to remain on the backyard level without changing floors in different seasons. Besides, the users spending the longest time in the house complained more than the others and the people spending variable time in the house stated that they preferred to change the floors in different seasons. As compared to larger families, the smaller families were more likely to change floors.
Book Reviews
Authors: Crosbie Michael J.
Published: January 2021

Design Studio Pedagogy - Horizons For the Future
Materials, Specification and Economic Implications of Moving to Carbon-Neutral Housing
Authors: Menon Rosalie , Porteous Colin D. A.
Published: January 2021

Although a UK trajectory toward zero-carbon development for all new housing by 2016 has been set, the cost of building such homes and the changes implied for current constructional culture, together with lack of fiscal incentives, makes the target very difficult to achieve. Moreover, the recent governmental clarification of the definition of zero-carbon housing may make it impossible. This paper proposes a prototype construction (see also the associated paper in this issue) and examines in detail both the constructional and cost barriers to eliminating carbon emissions from tightly limited total thermal and electrical consumption targets (not more than 70 kWh/m2). Having established generous access to sunlight and daylight as prerequisites, a related health issue is air quality, especially with air-tight construction. While thermal and hygroscopic capacity can mediate between quality and efficiency, current norms for Scottish housing are notably poor in both respects. A key aim is to assess whether specification for a ‘low-carbon house’ can be cost effective. An analysis is undertaken to asses the increased cost associated with integration of energy efficient measures in the proposed prototype model. The specification of the building envelope and associated renewable technologies are addressed with reference to their cost implication on the overall build cost. Finally potential governmental incentives are proposed to not only meet the 2016 target, but also to promote enthusiasm by the end user. The paper concludes that low-carbon and zero-carbon scenarios would require radical changes of funding/fiscal and building cultures.
Commercialisation Strategies For Net Zero-Energy-Cost Housing in Japan
Authors: Noguchi Masa , Collins Darragh
Published: January 2021

Today, Japanese housing manufacturers compete to produce net zero-energy-cost houses that are usually equipped with some renewable energy technologies-e.g. a solar photovoltaic electric power generating system, a CO2 refrigerant heat-pump water heater and a combined heat and power system. Interestingly, the manufacturers tend to install these costly renewable technologies as standard equipment rather than options. To initiate and maintenance the sales of their environmentally-friendly houses, the manufacturers bring into effect their quality-oriented production and user-oriented communication approaches. The manufacturers' way to commercialise their industrialised housing to some extent reflects their high cost-performance marketing strategy. This paper somewhat reflects the learning outcomes of the Zero-carbon PV Mass Custom Home Technical Mission to Japan that the first author organised in 2006 and 2007. It is aimed at identifying the manufacturers' essential commercialisation strategies being applied for the niche-marketing of their net zero-energy-cost housing.
The ‘Closed/Open’ Duality in Contemporary Urban Form
Authors: Benko Melinda
Published: January 2021

One of the innumerable ways to systemise contemporary European urban projects is to analyse the urban form originates from the master-plan concept. The duality of closed and open urban situations is an excellent conceptual tool for classification. This classification helps us to recognise, understand and represent the diversity of the city, as it is present on each level of a settlement and architecture.

In the case of “Solid-oriented” projects construction and emplacement of buildings are the main goals. The principle of “Solid-oriented” projects are based on two very different, still existing traditions One is the classical European closed block structure, while the other one is the Modernist open urban system. Today we can identify two new approaches combining those two traditions in different ways. Urban transparency preserves streets, the effect of enclosure, and the dominance of buildings. At the same time density is coupled with spaciousness, blocks are fractured and the environment becomes more complex even within one block. The in-between method, based on the idea of structuralism, attempts to balance the importance of mass and space and creates permeable blocks in a new open urban structure. Besides creating urban volumes or buildings in the city, there is a new type of challenge in contemporary urban design. Since the 1990's attention has shifted to cityscape, i.e. to re-interpreting and reforming open spaces. The international literature calls this un-volumetric architecture. The duality of openness and closedness also appears here. While openness seems to dominate urban situations in contemporary cities, buildings are predominantly used in a closed manner.
Trans-Disciplinary Knowledge for Affordable Housing
Authors: Salama Ashraf M.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to present an approach for comprehending affordable housing. The approach is based on a new paradigm of research: trans-disciplinarity; a form of inquiry that crosses the boundaries of different disciplines. An argument on the impact of trans-disciplinary thinking on understanding affordable housing is developed, then is placed within the perspective of how lifestyle theories and their underlying concepts can be integrated into a comprehensive investigatory process. In turn, a framework of inquiry is developed while reflected on affordable housing knowledge types. An interpretation of the framework into a survey tool is conceptualized. The tool is introduced in the form of a questionnaire to be implemented in different contexts. The testing of the questionnaire as a tool of inquiry reveals its validity, corroborates the value of integrating trans-disciplinary knowledge into affordable housing research, and accentuates the value of introducing lifestyle theories as a new form of knowledge necessary for future inquiry on affordable housing.
Connecting up Capacities: Integrated Design for Energy-Efficient Housing in Chile
Authors: Alvarado Rodrigo G. , Bruscato Underlea M. , Kelly Maureen T. , D'Amico Flavio C. , Oyola Olavo E.
Published: January 2021

Integrated design is a strategy to develop sustainable architecture projects incorporating multidisciplinary work and environmental performance assessments, which has provided significant advancement to public buildings in developed countries. This paper presents a review of some aspects of integrated design for the planning and construction of energy efficient housing in the south of Chile, as part of the reconstruction process following the earthquake on 27th February 2010. Firstly, a synthesis is made of the characteristics, implicit conditions, participants, steps, resources and expected results of an integrated design approach according to existing references. This is then contrasted with normal housing design practice in Chile according to current building regulations and interviews with professionals in the field. The design processes of experimental houses and housing projects that place specific focus on energy performance are then analysed, with follow-ups and interviews to review significant aspects. After examining those experiences, the authors identify some particular features and resources of integrated design that promote environmental improvements.
Responsible Reconstruction: The Architect’s Role
Authors: Kelly Madeleine Jane Swete , Caldwell Glenda Amayo
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the role of the architect in post-disaster reconstruction and questions their ability to facilitate permanent building solutions. There is an ever-increasing population of refugees and internally displaced persons due to disasters and conflicts who have a basic need for shelter. To date, housing solutions for such people has tended to focus on short-term, temporary shelter solutions that have been largely unsuccessful. This increasing demand for shelter has led to an emerging group of architects skilled in post-disaster reconstruction. These architects acknowledge that shelter is critical to survival, but believe architects should focus on rebuilding in a manner that is quick, durable but permanent. They believe that an architect skilled in post-disaster reconstruction can produce solutions that meet the requirement of the emergency phase, through to semi-permanent and even permanent homes, without wasting time and money on interim shelters. Case Study Research was used to examine and evaluate the assistance provided by Emergency Architects Australia (EAA) to the Kei Gold community in the Solomon Islands after the 2007 earthquake and tsunami. The results indicate that an architect’s response to a disaster must go beyond providing temporary shelter; they must create permanent building solutions that respond to the site and the culture while servicing the needs of the community. The vernacular reconstruction methods implemented by EAA in Kei Gold Village have been successful in developing permanent housing solutions. Further research and development is required to gain a broader understanding of the role of the architect in disasters of varying scales and typologies.
A Bibliometric Analysis on Urbanization Research From 1984 to 2013
Authors: Pu Bo , Qiu Yanjun
Published: January 2021

We performed a bibiometric analysis on urbanization research based on the 3,058 peer-reviewed articles in the SCI and SSCI database from 1984 to 2013. Our analysis revealed document types, scientific outputs, subject categories, major journals and major authors, geographic distribution, highly cited papers and citation networks and temporal trends in keywords burst. Growth of article output has emerged since 1990, and went through two development stages. Environmental sciences, urban studies and ecology came out the most urbanization articles and Landscape and Urban Planning was the most productive journal in urbanization studies. Tothmeresz B was the most prolific author. USA was the most productive country, but Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most high-producing institution. Three streams were identified among the 65 most cited articles in the LCS historiography, and Schueler’s (1994) article has the strongest bursts. A keyword analysis revealed that the “China”, “city” and “globalization” are the research hotspots in the future.
Evaluation of Leed “Innovation in Design Process” and “Location & Linkages” Case Study: Diyarbakir Turkey
Authors: Taygun Gökçe Tuna , Darçın Polat , Vural S. Müjdem
Published: January 2021

The paper focuses on the LEED rating system of Diyarbakır Houses to an assessment with respect to “Innovation in Design Process and Location & Linkages”, assuming to conduct a trial of the building assessment and certification systems, which were highly popular in Europe and in the U.S. in the 1990s and in Turkey in the 2000s, on the “traditional building”. The aim of the paper is to bring a criticism of and suggestions to the LEED credits in connection with environmentalist design criteria, and to be able to determine that these credits, which are limited in the first place, may already be part of the design of traditional buildings in Turkey. Three different typological houses of Diyarbakır were selected for the research and detail evaluated with the scope of LEED for Homes credits. Using this assessment system, old Diyarbakır houses known to involve many successful solutions in terms of factors related to the environment and the user were assessed. The assessment revealed the fact that these houses, which are in harmony with the environment, are energy-efficient, use water and resources optimally, are successful in waste management, meet their users’ biological, psychological and social needs and do not cause health problems for their users’ and the environment scored low in LEED.
Design Innovation Evaluation of the Stadia in China
Authors: Zhao Xuemin , Wang Xinbao
Published: January 2021

At present, the evaluation methodology on the design innovation of the stadia is not complete. The degree of innovation of the design scheme of the stadia still cannot be quantitatively estimated; this inability makes it difficult to guide the selection of a design scheme. To solve the problem of evaluation on the innovative design of the stadia, improve such design’s evaluation theory, and accurately direct the selection of the design scheme of the stadia, the Delphi method is used to select evaluation indexes. Moreover, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to determine the index weight in this study; based on this index weight, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to establish the model of the design innovation evaluation of the stadia. The model involves the comprehensive and simple selection of indexes and the high reliability of weight selection; the model can quantitatively calculate the comprehensive index evaluation value of the design innovation of the stadia in a relatively accurate and rapid way. In this study, Hunan People’s Stadium is taken as the example for design innovation evaluation; the procedure of design innovation evaluation is introduced in detail. The design innovation evaluation value of the stadia is 2.977 through analysis; this value indicates an ordinary degree of innovation. The innovation evaluation value of the shape is 3.425; this value shows a relatively high degree of innovation. The innovation evaluation value of the structure is 2.47; this value represents a relatively low degree of innovation. The model in this study is an accurate and prompt model that can conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the design innovation of the stadia based on quantitative calculation. This model directly and comprehensively finds the advantages and disadvantages of a design scheme. Thus, it is quite suitable for the design innovation evaluation of the stadia.
Multiscale Model for Urban Flood Control Planning Based on Microcirculation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhao Wanmin , Tong Dongjun
Published: January 2021

Flood season in our country is characterized by frequent heavy rains, and flood problems are becoming increasingly serious. The uneven distribution of water resources causes conflicts in the occurrence of floods and droughts. Implementing effective flood control planning and solving drought and flood disasters are the research highlights of relevant institutions both domestic and abroad. This study develops a multiscale method of urban flood control planning based on microcirculation. A microcirculation water ecosystem, which consists of six elements, namely, collecting, interacting, precipitating, reserving, storing, and purifying, is introduced. This study investigates precipitation; peak shaving; recycle mode of filtration at the macro level in different regions; “hierarchy” in rainwater ecosystems in rain parks, heavy rain garden parks, and wetland parks at the meso level; and the concept of zero-emission rain in residential areas and roads at the micro level. Finally, this study analyzes a rain garden and its domestic application. A conclusion is drawn that the flood control planning model based on microcirculation can effectively reduce rain runoff. Empirical measurement proves that the proposed multiscale model for city flood control planning based on microcirculation promotes flood control and effectively reduces the occurrence of droughts and floods.
Regional Plans of Mountainous City Architecture Based on Ecological System
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Xingpeng , Wei Xiaomeng
Published: January 2021

On the basis of the research data of 120 enterprises from 10 development zones in Gansu Province, we conducted regional planning research combining enterprise architecture with ecological green space environment system. We determined that the largest part of the green space pattern is the “other green space,” which mainly depends on the formation of super large plantation. However, this part is consistently decreasing in recent years. Affiliated green space became the largest in the green space patterns because of the high degree of vertical greening of the enterprise architecture in the development zones. The high fragmentation of the affiliated green space also leads to the high fragmentation of the entire green space of the development zone. In future regional planning of development zones, future planning of the green space can take the current green space as the basis, use the road green space and green corridors nearby waters as the basic framework to connect other patterns of green space, and form a ring-shaped enclosure, reticular structure, and wedge-shaped and dotted supplemented regional pattern. Meanwhile, the road green space system can be reasonably arranged by setting new green space spots at road intersections and key strategic positions to connect the isolated green space patches and improve the connectivity of the green space.
Public Participation During Urban Planning in Multi-Level Modern Mass Media
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Chen Jingliang
Published: January 2021

Urban planning is the blueprint for the development of urban construction and the basis for management of a city. The urban planning of China’s high-speed modernization has encountered many bottlenecks, and the gap between the daily living needs of residents and the urban planning objectives has attracted particular attention. Harmonious development between man and nature is necessary to build a harmonious society, and urban planning that is close to the needs of residents and more humanized has become the main goal of urbanization. In this paper, urban planning of Zhuhai City was studied for one year. Zhuhai focuses on building transport hub, industrial layout, and urban development in three major patterns. Many problems in the planning and management of Zhuhai City were encountered in the past, because the plans are only heavy concepts that ignore implementation and lack of comprehensive survey. Based on the concept of communication planning, the main features of the public participation in the urban planning model through modern mass media may be suitable for achieving the objectives and satisfying public needs. Urban planning and decision-making in Zhuhai City in recent years are evaluated by SWOT method. Future plans of Zhuhai City are discussed.
Vertical Urban Planning and Flood Control and Drainage Using Gis Technology
Authors: Qiu Lirong
Published: January 2021

The problem of urban drainage has become more serious with the rapid development of urban construction. The idea of combining geographic information system (GIS) technology with flood control in solving the urban drainage problem has received increasing attention. The idea and process of GIS as the key technology in vertical planning were analyzed in this study based on the GIS technology characteristics. This paper presents the new idea of integrating flood control and drainage mode into vertical planning and the optimization method in vertical planning. Taking the vertical planning of the north shore of Xiaoqing River in Ji'nan as an example, the model of the present scenario and the corresponding terrain model of the different flood control drainage standards were established. The standard model of the flood control and drainage of Xiaoqing River was determined through comparison. The relationship between vertical planning, flood control, and drainage mode was analyzed and optimized on the basis of the practical engineering results. Improving the optimization measures can result in the good convergence of vertical planning and drainage content, which is conducive to the development of urban flood control.
Managing Migrant Workers and Urban Spatial Planning
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Jianglong
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the conflict between migrant workers and urban social development has become increasingly serious, which has seriously affected the development of the city. Based on this, taking the urban integration of migrant workers as the core, starting from social capital, it was proposed that housing space, employment and public service were the mian reasons for the difficulty of migrant workers' urban integration. Taking the spatial planning of Shenzhen as an example, the spatial distribution of migrant workers in Shenzhen, the impact of three times urban plannings on the agglomeration of farmers, as well as the planning of affordable housing and its existing problems were studied. The space for migrant workers to integrate into cities was constructed. Through the construction of urbanization, urban and rural development can be integrated. This study has a certain theoretical guiding significance for the integration of migrant workers and urban planning, and can indirectly promote the rapid development of the city..
Approaches to Handling Future Use of the Single-Family Housing Stock : Evidence from Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Berndgen-Kaiser Andrea , Köhler Tine , Wiechert Markus , Netsch Stefan , Ruelle Christine , Marique Anne-Francoise
Published: January 2021

Single-family houses are a common form of housing in Europe. Most were built in the context of the suburbanization after World War II and are now facing challenges arising from generational changes as well as increasing living and energy standards. According to the hypothesis of this paper, in several EU regions, single-family houses may face future challenges arising from oversupply and lack of adaptation to current demand. To examine this, the paper analyses the present situation and discusses the prognosis for the challenges described above regarding the three neighbouring north-western European countries Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands, based on available data and a review of country-specific characteristics of housing markets as well as national policies. Despite an impending mismatch between demand and supply, planning policies still support the emergence of new single-family houses. The comparison of Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands shows the growing polarization between shrinking and growing regions and central and peripheral sites apparent at different stages in the three countries. While a high rate of vacancies is already registered for some regions in Germany, in the Netherlands this phenomenon can only be seen near the borders and in villages within the Randstad conurbation. In Belgium also, this phenomenon is not yet widespread, but in some suburban neighbourhoods dating from the 1950's and 1960's more and more single-family houses are becoming more difficult to sell, indicating an emerging mismatch between supply and demand. This article proposes some instruments which enable municipalities to intervene in single family housing neighbourhoods which are largely dominated by private ownership. These instruments are not yet widely established in single-family housing neighbourhoods but that may become important in the future.
The Effect of User Participation on Social Sustainability: A Comparison of Two Post-Earthquake Settlements in Turkey
Authors: Taştan Hasan , Ciravoğlu Ayşen
Published: January 2021

In order to meet the housing need that emerged in Turkey after the devastating earthquake of 17th August 1999, new residential areas were established in various regions. This has led to the questioning of how social sustainability of new settlements can be achieved and to a search for solutions. In this context, participatory approaches are among the first to come to mind. This study starts from the hypothesis that enabling user participation in the construction process of the housing units would contribute to the social cohesion and satisfaction levels of the neighborhood in question. In the study, the impact of user participation on the social sustainability of the construction process of residential projects developed following a disaster has been tested. In this context, the research was conducted in Caritas houses built near Gümüşpınar Village in the Province of Düzce and Umcor houses constructed on the same land with user participation to meet the needs of the victims for shelter after the 17th August 1999 earthquake. The study is comprised of the observations, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews conducted after the literature review. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted to measure the satisfaction with the housing, the immediate housing environment and the neighborhood as well as the feeling of belonging were tested regarding the two settlements which differed in terms of their construction methods and physical characteristics despite having been constructed side by side by two different charities. The results of the Likert type questionnaires were evaluated with the “Independent samples T test” using the SPSS program. As a result of the research, it has been found that there is no significant relationship between user participation and the criteria of social sustainability; namely, satisfaction with the housing, satisfaction with the neighbors and that of the residence neighborhood. Another result of the research is that the physical and psychological comfort is of priority for the individuals compared to relationship with neighbors or participation in the establishment of their residential environment. Furthermore, the research findings also revealed that disagreements among users increased which had a negative impact on social cohesion in cases where the physical characteristics of the residential neighborhood and the housing did not satisfy the users.
Interpretation of Aesthetics Landscape Design Under the Literary Artistic Conception of “Daguanyuan”
Authors: Wang Xuan
Published: January 2021

In order to find a way to create the artistic conception of modern landscape space, the spatial analysis of Daguanyuan is carried out from the perspective of literature in order to find out the method of creating the artistic conception of modern landscape space. Adopting the method of general to special, from theory to practice, the argument with special significance is analyzed from the most common phenomena, and this argument is applied to the method of practical cases. The results show that Daguanyuan space in literature needs the audience's ability to understand words, the perception of space in film and television needs the audience's strong memory and imaginative thinking, while the perception of Daguanyuan space in garden art needs only basic discrimination ability. After analyzing the effect of Daguanyuan space construction from the literary perspective, it is believed that the writing techniques of starting point - development - climax - ending, wanting to carry forward first and restraining first, and reserving foreshadows in literature can be used for reference in modern landscape design.
Landscape Planning and Design of Complex Form Physical Education Stadium and Football Field Using Gis Technology
Authors: Huang Zhonghui , Yan Hua
Published: January 2021

To explore the landscape planning of the comprehensive sports stadium and the football field, the similarities and differences between the comprehensive sports stadium and the football field landscape design and the general park design were analyzed by GIS technology. Special factors were discussed in the design of the complex sports stadium and football field. The treatment methods and principles of these special factors were analyzed. The results showed that their characteristics were created while meeting the functional requirements of each space. The local history and cultural scene left a deep impression on the viewers. Therefore, the design of sports facilities is consistent with the overall landscape effect. During the transformation of the base, the relationship between the original landform protection and development of the base is emphasized. This provides information and assistance for the comprehensive sports stadium and football field landscape design.