bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh–Bénard instability in nanofluids: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ahuja Jyoti , Sharma Jyoti
Published: November 2020

The extraordinary enhancement in heat transfer efficiency of nanofluids at extremely low volume fractions has attracted a lot of attention in identifying the governing mechanisms. The nanoscale effects, Brownian motion (random motion of particles inside the base fluid) and thermophoresis (diffusion of particles due to temperature gradient) are found to be important slip mechanisms in nanofluids. Based on these findings, a set of partial differential equations for conservation laws for nanofluids was formed. Since then, a large number of mathematical studies on convective heat transfer in nanofluids became feasible. The present paper summarizes the studies pertaining to instability of a horizontal nanofluid layer under the impact of various parameters such as rotation, magnetic field, Hall currents and LTNE effects in both porous and non-porous medium. Initially, investigations were made using the model considering fixed initial and boundary conditions on the layer, gradually the model was revised in the light of more practical boundary conditions and recently it has been modified to get new and more interesting results. The exhaustive analysis of instability problems is presented in the paper and prospects for future research are also identified.
Governance of research consortia: challenges of implementing Responsible Research and Innovation within Europe
Authors: Morrison Michael , Mourby Miranda , Gowans Heather , Coy Sarah , Kaye Jane
Published: November 2020

Responsible Research and Innovation (‘RRI’) is a cross-cutting priority for scientific research in the European Union and beyond. This paper considers whether the way such research is organised and delivered lends itself to the aims of RRI. We focus particularly on international consortia, which have emerged as a common model to organise large-scale, multi-disciplinary research in contemporary biomedical science. Typically, these consortia operate through fixed-term contracts, and employ governance frameworks consisting of reasonably standard, modular components such as management committees, advisory boards, and data access committees, to co-ordinate the activities of partner institutions and align them with funding agency priorities. These have advantages for organisation and management of the research, but can actively inhibit researchers seeking to implement RRI activities. Conventional consortia governance structures pose specific problems for meaningful public and participant involvement, data sharing, transparency, and ‘legacy’ planning to deal with societal commitments that persist beyond the duration of the original project. In particular, the ‘upstream’ negotiation of contractual terms between funders and the institutions employing researchers can undermine the ability for those researchers to subsequently make decisions about data, or participant remuneration, or indeed what happens to consortia outputs after the project is finished, and can inhibit attempts to make project activities and goals responsive to input from ongoing dialogue with various stakeholders. Having explored these challenges, we make some recommendations for alternative consortia governance structures to better support RRI in future.
Increase of organic carbon burial response to mangrove expansion in the Nanliu River estuary, South China Sea
Authors: Liu Tao , Liu Shengfa , Wu Bin , Xu Huipeng , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2020

Due to high productivity, periodic submersion, and rapid sedimentation rate, mangroves are important carbon sinks in tropical-subtropical coastal zones. Mangrove expansion can significantly enhance burial carbon storage in coastal zones and has been reported in many subtropical regions due to climate change in recent years. To better understand the response of carbon storage to climate change in subtropical-tropical coastal zones, it is necessary to estimate the change in burial organic carbon (OC) storage in mangroves undergoing expansion. In the Nanliu River estuary of South China, the total mangrove area has increased from 72 to 622 ha in recent decades. Based on a sedimentology study combined with historical satellite images analysis, the accumulation rate of burial OC in these mangroves is estimated to be 400–500 g‧m−2‧y−1, of which the part imported to the stratigraphy beneath the mangrove deposit layer is approximately 130 g‧m−2‧y−1. Globally, the reported OC accumulation rate is linearly correlated to the accretion rate in mangroves. The accumulation rate of mangrove burial OC estimated in this study is significantly higher than the corresponding value on this fitted curve, indicating that the OC accumulation rates may be underestimated in such mangroves because the OC imported to the lower root layer has been not been taken into account. Based on the estimated OC accumulation rate and the time-series data of the mangrove area, the increase in burial OC storage in the mangroves of the Nanliu River estuary from 1988 to 2018 is estimated at more than 35 Gg. This study provides an example of estimating soil OC storage increase in expanding mangroves, which can help us better understand the response of coastal carbon pool to climate change.
Review of computational neuroaesthetics: bridging the gap between neuroaesthetics and computer science
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Junsong
Published: November 2020

The mystery of aesthetics attracts scientists from various research fields. The topic of aesthetics, in combination with other disciplines such as neuroscience and computer science, has brought out the burgeoning fields of neuroaesthetics and computational aesthetics within less than two decades. Despite profound findings are carried out by experimental approaches in neuroaesthetics and by machine learning algorithms in computational neuroaesthetics, these two fields cannot be easily combined to benefit from each other and findings from each field are isolated. Computational neuroaesthetics, which inherits computational approaches from computational aesthetics and experimental approaches from neuroaesthetics, seems to be promising to bridge the gap between neuroaesthetics and computational aesthetics. Here, we review theoretical models and neuroimaging findings about brain activity in neuroaesthetics. Then machine learning algorithms and computational models in computational aesthetics are enumerated. Finally, we introduce studies in computational neuroaesthetics which combine computational models with neuroimaging data to analyze brain connectivity during aesthetic appreciation or give a prediction on aesthetic preference. This paper outlines the rich potential for computational neuroaesthetics to take advantages from both neuroaesthetics and computational aesthetics. We conclude by discussing some of the challenges and potential prospects in computational neuroaesthetics, and highlight issues for future consideration.
Bronchial Blocker Entrapment in a 7-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Templeton T. Wesley , Petty John K. , Sutton Cameron J. , Goenaga-Díaz Eduardo J. , Templeton Leah B.
Published: November 2020

We present the case of a 7-month-old infant undergoing thoracotomy and left lower lobe lobectomy who experienced a significant complication related to lung isolation with a bronchial blocker. Despite good isolation and seemingly appropriate positioning, the bronchial blocker became entrapped within the staple line at the bronchial stump. Fortunately, the surgeon was able to free the blocker. Going forward, we recommend clinicians be vigilant in positioning the blocker just distal to the carina in all cases and, further, consider retracting the blocker into the trachea before surgical intervention on the airway to avoid inadvertent entrapment of the device.
A Family Affair
Authors: Knight Christina
Published: November 2020

Jacolby Satterwhite is known for creating virtual worlds that feature multiple avatars of himself voguing within densely rendered neon landscapes. He populates those landscapes with three-dimensional objects painstakingly traced in the animation program Maya from drawings that his mother made during his childhood in the hopes of striking it rich on the Home Shopping Network. This article focuses on an early work, The Country Ball (2012), an animated video that brings together archival footage from Satterwhite’s family at a 1989 Mother’s Day cookout alongside his mother’s drawings of what he calls “recreational American material culture.” The author argues that Satterwhite’s virtual performances link queerness and utopia: his animated avatars make manifest his desire to occupy a world as multiplicitous and far-reaching as his sense of self. However, the author believes that this queer utopics begins with Satterwhite’s mother and her crafting of a creative process in the midst of terrible constraints on her physical and economic mobility. By reading the artist’s virtual worlds through his mother’s drawings, the author investigates a similar strategy of “making do to make new,” or reworking the mundane in the service of the marvelous.
From Camera to Canvas
Authors: Nugent Gabriella
Published: November 2020

This article explores the entanglement of Congolese popular painting with photography through the case of Patrice Lumumba, the first democratically elected prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, who was assassinated in 1961. Lumumba’s final public appearance was immortalized in a series of photographs and newsreel footage that was disseminated around the world. The author contends that the events thereafter are frequently envisioned by Congolese popular painting, as it takes over from the operations of the camera in an era largely defined by the photographic. The article suggests that photography and Congolese popular painting are enmeshed in the creation of a visual archive around the figure of Lumumba. Furthermore, it examines the indebtedness of popular painting to photographic culture as well as other sources in the “colonial contact zone.”
Beyond Political Tensions
Authors: Tissières Hélène
Published: November 2020

In 2019, the second edition of Segou’Art, a contemporary art event taking place in Mali, was combined with the country’s popular Festival on the Niger, launched in 2005 by cultural entrepreneur Mamou Daffé. The combined festival, held February 1–9, included concerts, workshops, conferences, exhibitions, and performances, uniting people and art forms and working beyond barriers. For two full weekends the event hosted numerous concerts by renowned stars such as Vieux Farka Touré, Sékouba Bambino, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Amadou and Mariam, Fousco and Djènèba, Master Soumy, Tab B., Calibre 27, King KJ, and Kader Tarhanine. The art program was composed of an In at the Foundation and nineteen Offs held throughout the city, showcasing, among others, the work of Abdoulaye Konaté, Barthélémy Toguo, Cheick Diallo, Philippe Dodard, Siriki Ky, and Amehiguéré Dolo, as well as sixteen young artists who were selected from the continent and given the opportunity to attend workshops by leading artists. Galleries and collectives were present as well. This article discusses this amazing event that, through musical and artistic works, promotes peace and stability in a country that has been facing intense political difficulties, fully illustrating this year’s theme of Ségou Yelen (Light). The project demonstrates that culture is the best way to bring about hope, unite people beyond their differences, dissuade youth from migrating, elevate the public’s spirit, and promote the Malian concept of Maaya—a lifestyle, an attitude, and a way of being based on humanism, civility, and respect of others.
The impact of long-term reduced access to cleaner fish on health indicators of resident client fish
Authors: Ros Albert F. H. , Nusbaumer David , Triki Zegni , Grutter Alexandra S. , Bshary Redouan
Published: November 2020

In many mutualisms, benefits in the form of food are exchanged for services such as transport or protection. In the marine cleaning mutualism, a variety of “client” reef fishes offer “cleaner” fish Labroides dimidiatus access to food in the form of their ectoparasites, where parasite removal supposedly protects the clients. Yet, the health benefits individual clients obtain on the long-term from repeated ectoparasite removal remain relatively unknown. Here, we tested whether long-term reduced access to cleaning services alter indicators of health status such as body condition, immunity and the steroids cortisol and testosterone in four client damselfish species Pomacentrus amboinensis, Amblyglyphidodon curacao, Acanthochromis polyacanthus, and Dischistodus perspicillatus. To do so, we took advantage of a long-term experimental project in which several small reefs around Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) were maintained cleaner-free since the year 2000; while control reefs had their cleaner presence continuously monitored. We found that the four damselfish species from reef sites without cleaners for 13 years had lower body condition than fish from reefs with cleaners. However, immunity measurements and cortisol and testosterone levels did not differ between experimental groups. Our findings suggest that clients use the energetic benefits derived from long-term access to cleaning services to selectively increase body condition, rather than altering hormonal or immune system functions.
Multimodal mechanosensing enables treefrog embryos to escape egg-predators
Authors: Jung Julie , Serrano-Rojas Shirley J. , Warkentin Karen M.
Published: November 2020

Mechanosensory-cued hatching (MCH) is widespread, diverse, and improves survival in many animals. From flatworms and insects to frogs and turtles, embryos use mechanosensory cues and signals to inform hatching timing, yet mechanisms mediating mechanosensing in ovo are largely unknown. The arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, hatch prematurely to escape predation, cued by physical disturbance in snake attacks. When otoconial organs in the developing vestibular system become functional, this response strengthens, but its earlier occurrence indicates another sensor must contribute. Post-hatching, tadpoles use lateral line neuromasts to detect water motion. We ablated neuromast function with gentamicin to assess their role in A. callidryas’ hatching response to disturbance. Prior to vestibular function, this nearly eliminated the hatching response to a complex simulated attack cue, egg-jiggling, revealing that neuromasts mediate early MCH. Vestibular function onset increased hatching, independent of neuromast function, indicating young embryos use multiple mechanosensory systems. MCH increased developmentally. All older embryos hatched in response to egg-jiggling, but neuromast function reduced response latency. In contrast, neuromast ablation had no effect on timing or level of hatching in motion-only vibration playbacks. It appears only a subset of egg-disturbance cues stimulate neuromasts; thus embryos in attacked clutches may receive uni- or multimodal stimuli. A. callidryas embryos have more neuromasts than described for any other species at hatching, suggesting precocious sensory development may facilitate MCH. Our findings provide insight into the behavioral roles of two mechanosensory systems in ovo and open possibilities for exploring sensory perception across taxa in early life stages.
Development of Bioactive Foldamers Using Ribosomally Synthesized Nonstandard Peptide Libraries
Authors: Katoh Takayuki , Suga Hiroaki
Published: November 2020

Genetic code manipulation enables the ribosomal synthesis of peptide libraries bearing diverse nonproteinogenic amino acids, which can be applied to the discovery of bioactive peptides in combination with screening methodologies, such as mRNA display. Despite a tremendous number of successes in incorporation of l-α-amino acids with non-proteinogenic sidechains and N-methyl-l-α-amino acids into nascent peptide chains, d-, β-, and γ-amino acids have suffered from low translation efficiency. This obstacle has been hindering their integration into such peptide libraries. However, the use of engineered tRNAs, which can effectively recruit EF-Tu or/and EF-P, has recently made possible significant improvement of their incorporation efficiency into nascent peptides. This article comprehensively summarizes advances in such methodology and applications to the discovery of peptide ligands against target proteins of interest.
Symmetry as a Tool for Solving Chemical Problems
Authors: Moberg Christina
Published: November 2020

Symmetry is found all around us. It is a fundamental concept in the arts as well as in the sciences. In chemical reactions, the use of reagents and catalysts with rotational symmetry decreases the number of transition states, a situation that may lead to increased selectivity. The presence of symmetry facilitates strucure determinations, and symmetry arguments may be helpful for elucidating mechanisms and for gaining insight into dynamic molecular processes.
Expansion segments in bacterial and archaeal 5S ribosomal RNAs
Authors: Stepanov Victor G. , Fox George E.
Published: November 2020

The large ribosomal RNAs of eukaryotes frequently contain expansion sequences that add to the size of the rRNAs but do not affect their overall structural layout and are compatible with major ribosomal function as an mRNA translation machine. The expansion of prokaryotic ribosomal RNAs is much less explored. In order to obtain more insight into the structural variability of these conserved molecules, we herein report the results of a comprehensive search for the expansion sequences in prokaryotic 5S rRNAs. Overall, 89 expanded 5S rRNAs of 15 structural types were identified in 15 archaeal and 36 bacterial genomes. Expansion segments ranging in length from 13 to 109 residues were found to be distributed among 17 insertion sites. The strains harboring the expanded 5S rRNAs belong to the bacterial ordersClostridiales,Halanaerobiales,Thermoanaerobacterales, andAlteromonadalesas well as the archael orderHalobacterales. When several copies of a 5S rRNA gene are present in a genome, the expanded versions may coexist with normal 5S rRNA genes. The insertion sequences are typically capable of forming extended helices, which do not seemingly interfere with folding of the conserved core. The expanded 5S rRNAs have largely been overlooked in 5S rRNA databases.
Le dérivés dénominaux latins en -monium
Authors: Spieralska-Kasprzyk Beata
Published: November 2020

Les dérivés en -monia et -monium ne sont pas très nombreux. F.T. Cooper1, citant les travaux de K. Paucker qui en a répertoriés 312 (sauf caerimonia) indique que seulement 11 noms de ce groupe sont employés par Cicéron, et que parmi les autres il y en a 4 terminés en -monia contre 16 terminés en -monium. Un lexème manque sur la liste donnée par Cooper, à savoir flamonium. Par ailleurs ce groupe des noms est aussi diversifié selon d’autres critères. On peut, par exemple, diviser tous ces substantifs en trois types selon la base dérivationnelle : il y a des dérivés à base verbale, nominale et adjectivale.
Circe, Lamia or Erinya - The Image of the Witch in the Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis
Authors: Szczurek-Maksymiuk Edyta
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to present a variety of inspirations and reception of ancient myths that affected the shaping of the Witches in ‘The Chronicles of Narnia’ by C.S. Lewis. Lewis purposefully mingled different traditions, believing that the most important classical myths carry a faint shadow of divine truth falling on human imagination. The most famous witches created by him: The White Witch and the Lady of the Green Kirtle, have a great deal of sources in the literature, but they derive above all from ancient patterns, combining the features of, among others, Venus, Ishtar, Erinyes, Lamia and Circe. A comparative analysis of the mythological witches and those created by Lewis will demonstrate not only the complexity of their characters, but also the manner of his reception of antiquity.
‘I got COVID-19 when I was redeployed but would volunteer again’
Authors: Williams Michelle
Published: November 2020

Community dental nurse Michelle Williams relives her pandemic experience
Diary of a max fax dental nurse
Authors: Forrester Sarah
Published: November 2020

Sarah Forrester talks about her experience of working in a maxillofacial department
We make a difference
Authors: Thorne Chloe
Published: November 2020

Trainee dental nurse Chloe Thorne talks about working with COVID-19 and looks ahead to suggest your future may involve a lot more responsibility…
‘Ball valve’ small bowel obstruction caused by a large caecal faecolith
Authors: Sharma S , Majeed T , Solomon J , Guy R
Published: November 2020

Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical presentation, but intestinal faecoliths are rarely reported as a cause. A 75-year-old woman presented with small bowel obstruction from a large faecolith lodged in the caecum. This required removal at laparoscopy-assisted surgery. This case highlights the need to deal promptly with symptomatic intestinal faecoliths as they are unlikely to pass spontaneously and are prone to cause acute obstruction.
Uber in the Portuguese gig economy: a laboratory for platform capitalism
Authors: Leonardi Emanuele , Pirina Giorgio
Published: November 2020

The paper frames the emergence of the Portuguese gig economy within the broader process of platformisation of work in Europe as set in motion by the neoliberal turn at a global scale. Against this background the case of Portugal in general and that of Lisbon in particular are analysed to show both their consistency with the general trends of the European Union's economic dynamics and their irreducible peculiarities. These latter particularities, and especially the so-called ‘Uber Law’, are discussed in connection with the hypothesis of a specifically Portuguese variety of the gig economy.
Development of the automated software and device for determination of wicking in textiles using open-source tools
Authors: Milanovic Predrag M. , Stankovic Snezana B. , Novakovic Milada , Grujic Dragana , Kostic Mirjana , Milanovic Jovana Z.
Published: November 2020

The development of automated software and the device for determination of wicking of textile materials, using open-source ImageJ libraries for image processing, and newly designed additional algorithm for the determination of threshold, is presented in this paper. The description of the device, design of the open-source software “Kapilarko”, as well as an explanation of the steps: image processing, threshold determination and reading of wicking height, are provided. We have also investigated the possibility of using the artificial neural networks for automatic recognition of the wicking height. The results showed that the recognition of the wet area of the sample, based on the application of artificial neural networks was in a very good agreement with the experimental data. The device's utility for the measurement of wicking ability of textile materials was proved by testing various knitted fabrics. The constructed device has the advantages of providing automated measurement and minimization of the subjective errors of the operators; extremely fast or long-term measurements; digital recording of results; consistency of experimental conditions; possibility of using water instead of colors and, last but not least, low cost of the device. Considering the importance and frequent measurements of wicking ability of textile materials, the advantages of the presented device, as well as the fact that commercial software without publishing the source-code, are used for most of the available devices, we believe that our idea to design the automated software and device by applying the "open-source" approach, will be of benefit to scientists and engineers in using or improving wicking experiments.
Bayesian hierarchical spatial count modeling of taxi speeding events based on GPS trajectory data
Authors: Liu Haiyue , Fu Chuanyun , Jiang Chaozhe , Zhou Yue , Mao Chengyuan , Zhang Jining
Published: November 2020

Speeding behavior, especially serious speeding, is more common in taxi driver than other driving population due to their high exposure under traffic environment, which increases the risk of being involved in crashes. In order to prevent the taxi and other road users from speed-related crash, previous studies have revealed contributors of demographic and driving operation affecting taxi speeding frequency. However, researches regarding road factors, and spatial effect are typically rare. For this sake, the current study explores the contributions of 10 types of road characteristics and two kinds of spatial effects (spatial correlation and spatial heterogeneity) on taxi total speeding and serious speeding frequency. Taxi GPS trajectory data in a Chinese metropolis were used to identify speeding event. The study then established four kinds of Bayesian hierarchical count models base on Poisson and negative binominal distribution to estimate the contributor impacts, respectively. Results show that Bayesian hierarchical spatial Poisson log-linear model is optimum for fitting both total and serious speeding frequency. For the analysis, it is found that drivers are more likely to commit speeding on long multilane road with median strip, and road with non-motorized vehicle lane, bus-only lane and viaduct or road tunnel. Roads with low speed limit, and work zone are associated with increasing speeding as well. In terms of serious speeding, bus-only lane is not a contributor, while road speed camera number and one-way organization are significantly positive to the speeding frequency. Furthermore, it reveals that two spatial effects significantly increase the occurrence of speeding events; the impact of spatial heterogeneity is more critical.
Brain MRI findings in relation to clinical characteristics and outcome of tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Dian Sofiati , Hermawan Robby , van Laarhoven Arjan , Immaculata Sofia , Achmad Tri Hanggono , Ruslami Rovina , Anwary Farhan , Soetikno Ristaniah D. , Ganiem Ahmad Rizal , van Crevel Reinout
Published: November 2020

Neuroradiological abnormalities in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common, but the exact relationship with clinical and inflammatory markers has not been well established. We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and after two months treatment to characterise neuroradiological patterns in a prospective cohort of adult TBM patients in Indonesia. We included 48 TBM patients (median age 30, 52% female, 8% HIV-infected), most of whom had grade II (90%), bacteriologically confirmed (71%) disease, without antituberculotic resistance. Most patients had more than one brain lesion (83%); baseline MRIs showed meningeal enhancement (89%), tuberculomas (77%), brain infarction (60%) and hydrocephalus (56%). We also performed an exploratory analysis associating MRI findings to clinical parameters, response to treatment, paradoxical reactions and survival. The presence of multiple brain lesion was associated with a lower Glasgow Coma Scale and more pronounced motor, lung, and CSF abnormalities (p-value <0.05). After two months, 33/37 patients (89%) showed worsening of MRI findings, mostly consisting of new or enlarged tuberculomas. Baseline and follow-up MRI findings and paradoxical responses showed no association with six-month mortality. Severe TBM is characterized by extensive MRI abnormalities at baseline, and frequent radiological worsening during treatment.
Differences of the midline-crossing venous drainage pattern in supraumbilical and infraumbilical regions: Angiographic study using fresh cadavers
Authors: Park Seong Oh , Chang Hak , Imanishi Nobuaki
Published: November 2020

Current clinical and anatomical studies show that the venous problem associated with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap results from poor midline-crossing. We examined the venous anatomy of the infraumbilical midline area and the dynamic venous flow of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in nine fresh cadavers. All nine abdominal specimens were harvested between the subcostal margin and the groin crease. Two specimens were used to analyze the abdominal venous anatomy, one of which was divided into two hemi-abdominal specimens. The remaining seven specimens were harvested as deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps with one major paraumbilical perforator. Venous cannulation and serial angiographic agent injection were performed in several conditions. Each specimen was radiographed using a soft X-ray system. For additional information, computed tomography (CT) angiography-visualized superficial inferior epigastric veins (SIEVs) and the supraumbilical branch were analyzed. We noted that the venous drainage between the bilateral SIEVs was easier to configure in the supraumbilical area than in the infraumbilical area. Only one to two short polygonal venous networks connect the bilateral superficial inferior epigastric veins in the supraumbilical area; however, long and multiple polygonal venous networks connect the bilateral superficial inferior epigastric veins in the infraumbilical area, which could be a predisposing factor for venous congestion. The mean distance from the umbilicus upper border to evident supraumbilical midline crossover was 18.39±4.03 mm (range: 10.10–28.49) in CT angiograms. In cadaver specimens, the mean distance was 10.87±4.85 mm (range: 4.6–18.9). Supraumbilical midline crossover was more favorable than infraumbilical midline crossover in venous flow.
Risk factors for the development of hospital-acquired pediatric venous thromboembolism—Dealing with potentially causal and confounding risk factors using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) analysis
Authors: Campos Leonardo Rodrigues , Petroli Maurício , Sztajnbok Flavio Roberto , da Costa Elaine Sobral , Brandão Leonardo Rodrigues , Land Marcelo Gerardin Poirot
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) in children comprises multiple risk factors that should not be evaluated separately due to collinearity and multiple cause and effect relationships. This is one of the first case-control study of pediatric HA-VTE risk factors using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) analysis.

Material and methods

Retrospective, case-control study with 22 cases of objectively confirmed HA-VTE and 76 controls matched by age, sex, unit of admission, and period of hospitalization. Descriptive statistics were used to define distributions of continuous variables, frequencies, and proportions of categorical variables, comparing cases and controls. Due to many potential risk factors of HA-VTE, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) model was created to identify confounding, reduce bias, and increase precision on the analysis. The final model consisted of a DAG-informed conditional logistic regression.

Results

In the initial conventional univariable model, the following variables were selected as potential risk factors for HA-VTE: length of stay (LOS, days), immobility, ICU admission in the last 30 days, LOS in ICU, infection, central venous catheter (CVC), number of CVCs placed, L-asparaginase, heart failure, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome. The final model using the set of variables selected by DAG analysis revealed LOS (OR = 1.106, 95%CI = 1.021–1.198, p = 0.013), L-asparaginase (OR = 26.463, 95%CI = 1.609–435.342, p = 0.022), and nephrotic syndrome (OR = 29.127, 95%CI = 1.044–812.508, p = 0.004) as independent risk factors for HA-VTE.

Conclusion

The DAG-based approach was useful to clarify the influence of confounders and multiple causalities of HA-VTE. Interestingly, CVC placement—a known thrombotic risk factor highlighted in several studies—was considered a confounder, while LOS, L-asparaginase use and nephrotic syndrome were confirmed as risk factors to HA-VTE. Large confidence intervals are related to the sample size; however, the results were significant.
Quantitative risk assessment of haemolytic uremic syndrome associated with beef consumption in Argentina
Authors: Brusa Victoria , Costa Magdalena , Padola Nora L. , Etcheverría Analía , Sampedro Fernando , Fernandez Pablo S. , Leotta Gerardo A. , Signorini Marcelo L.
Published: November 2020

We developed a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC)-contaminated beef (intact beef cuts, ground beef and commercial hamburgers) in children under 15 years of age from Argentina. The QMRA was used to characterize STEC prevalence and concentration levels in each product through the Argentinean beef supply chain, including cattle primary production, cattle transport, processing and storage in the abattoir, retail and home preparation, and consumption. Median HUS probability from beef cut, ground beef and commercial hamburger consumption was <10−15, 5.4x10-8and 3.5x10-8, respectively. The expected average annual number of HUS cases was 0, 28 and 4, respectively. Risk of infection and HUS probability were sensitive to the type of abattoir, the application or not of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) for STEC (HACCP-STEC),stxprevalence in carcasses and trimmings, storage conditions from the abattoir to retailers and home, the joint consumption of salads and beef products, and cooking preference. The QMRA results showed that the probability of HUS was higher if beef cuts (1.7x) and ground beef (1.2x) were from carcasses provided by abattoirs not applying HACCP-STEC. Thus, the use of a single sanitary standard that included the application of HACCP-STEC in all Argentinean abattoirs would greatly reduce HUS incidence. The average number of annual HUS cases estimated by the QMRA (n = 32) would explain about 10.0% of cases in children under 15 years per year in Argentina. Since other routes of contamination can be involved, including those not related to food, further research on the beef production chain, other food chains, person-to-person transmission and outbreak studies should be conducted to reduce the impact of HUS on the child population of Argentina.
Acute effect of tendon vibration applied during isometric contraction at two knee angles on maximal knee extension force production
Authors: Harnie Jonathan , Cattagni Thomas , Cornu Christophe , McNair Peter , Jubeau Marc
Published: November 2020

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a single session of prolonged tendon vibration combined with low submaximal isometric contraction on maximal motor performance. Thirty-two young sedentary adults were assigned into two groups that differed based on the knee angle tested: 90° or 150° (180° = full knee extension). Participants performed two fatigue-inducing exercise protocols: one with three 10 min submaximal (10% of maximal voluntary contraction) knee extensor contractions and patellar tendon vibration (80 Hz) another with submaximal knee extensor contractions only. Before and after each fatigue protocol, maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC), voluntary activation level (assessed by the twitch interpolation technique), peak-to-peak amplitude of maximum compound action potentials of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis (assessed by electromyography with the use of electrical nerve stimulation), peak twitch amplitude and peak doublet force were measured. The knee extensor fatigue was significantly (P<0.05) greater in the 90° knee angle group (-20.6% MVC force, P<0.05) than the 150° knee angle group (-8.3% MVC force, P = 0.062). Both peripheral and central alterations could explain the reduction in MVC force at 90° knee angle. However, tendon vibration added to isometric contraction did not exacerbate the reduction in MVC force. These results clearly demonstrate that acute infrapatellar tendon vibration using a commercial apparatus operating at optimal conditions (i.e. contracted and stretched muscle) does not appear to induce knee extensor neuromuscular fatigue in young sedentary subjects.
Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma: Diagnostic performance of category-adjusted LR-5 using modified criteria
Authors: Park Jae Hyon , Chung Yong Eun , Seo Nieun , Choi Jin-Young , Park Mi-Suk , Kim Myeong-Jin
Published: November 2020

The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is widely adopted for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, possible strategies to improve the diagnostic performance of LR-5 without reducing specificity for HCC were investigated. This retrospective study included 792 patients who underwent gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatic observations were categorized according to LI-RADS v2018 and categories were readjusted by upgrading LR4 to LR5 using ancillary features, arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) interpreted with subtraction images, indication of no washout when APHE was absent, extension of washout to the transitional phase, and subthreshold growth as a major feature. Based on LI-RADS v2018, LR-5 showed a sensitivity of 71.9% and a specificity of 97.9% for the diagnosis of HCC. Category-readjusted LR-5 after upgrading LR-4 to LR-5 using ancillary features favoring HCC in particular, subthreshold growth as a major feature, extending washout to transitional phase and APHE interpreted using subtraction images showed significantly increased sensitivity (P<0.001) without decreased specificity (Ps>0.05). The sensitivity of LR-5 can be improved without loss of specificity via category readjustment using AFs favoring HCC in particular, subthreshold growth as a major feature, extending washout to transitional phase and APHE interpreted with subtraction images.
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone, ameliorates neurofunctional and neuroinflammatory abnormalities in a rat model of Gulf War Illness
Authors: Keledjian Kaspar , Tsymbalyuk Orest , Semick Stephen , Moyer Mitchell , Negoita Serban , Kim Kevin , Ivanova Svetlana , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc
Published: November 2020

Background

Gulf War (GW) Illness (GWI) is a debilitating condition with a complex constellation of immune, endocrine and neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression. We studied a novel model of GWI based on 3 known common GW exposures (GWE): (i) intranasal lipopolysaccharide, to which personnel were exposed during desert sand storms; (ii) pyridostigmine bromide, used as prophylaxis against chemical warfare; and (iii) chronic unpredictable stress, an inescapable element of war. We used this model to evaluate prophylactic treatment with the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (ROSI).

Methods

Rats were subjected to the three GWE for 33 days. In series 1 and 2, male and female GWE-rats were compared to naïve rats. In series 3, male rats with GWE were randomly assigned to prophylactic treatment with ROSI (GWE-ROSI) or vehicle. After the 33-day exposures, three neurofunctional domains were evaluated: cognition (novel object recognition), anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze, open field) and depression-like behaviors (coat state, sucrose preference, splash test, tail suspension and forced swim). Brains were analyzed for astrocytic and microglial activation and neuroinflammation (GFAP, Iba1, tumor necrosis factor and translocator protein). Neurofunctional data from rats with similar exposures were pooled into 3 groups: naïve, GWE and GWE-ROSI.

Results

Compared to naïve rats, GWE-rats showed significant abnormalities in the three neurofunctional domains, along with significant neuroinflammation in amygdala and hippocampus. There were no differences between males and females with GWE. GWE-ROSI rats showed significant attenuation of neuroinflammation and of some of the neurofunctional abnormalities.

Conclusion

This novel GWI model recapitulates critical neurofunctional abnormalities reported by Veterans with GWI. Concurrent prophylactic treatment with ROSI was beneficial in this model.
Training intensity and improvements in exercise capacity in elderly patients undergoing European cardiac rehabilitation – the EU-CaRE multicenter cohort study
Authors: Marcin Thimo , Eser Prisca , Prescott Eva , Prins Leonie F. , Kolkman Evelien , Bruins Wendy , van der Velde Astrid E. , Peña Gil Carlos , Iliou Marie-Christine , Ardissino Diego , Zeymer Uwe , Meindersma Esther P. , Van’t Hof Arnoud W. J. , de Kluiver Ed P. , Wilhelm Matthias
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Guidelines for exercise intensity prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) are inconsistent and have recently been discussed controversially. We aimed (1) to compare training intensities between European CR centres and (2) to assess associations between training intensity and improvement in peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2) in elderly CR patients.

Methods

PeakV˙O2, heart rate and work rate (WR) at the first and second ventilatory thresholds were measured at start of CR. Training heart rate was measured during three sessions spread over the CR. Multivariate models were used to compare training characteristics between centres and to assess the effect of training intensity on change in peakV˙O2.

Results

Training intensity was measured in 1011 out of 1633 EU-CaRE patients in 7 of 8 centers and the first and secondary ventilatory threshold were identified in 1166 and 817 patients, respectively. The first and second ventilatory threshold were found at 44% (SD 16%) and 78% (SD 9%) of peak WR and 78% (SD 9%) and 89% (SD 5%) of peak heart rate, respectively. Training intensity and session duration varied significantly between centres but change in peakV˙O2over CR did not. Training above the first individual threshold (β 0.62, 95% confidence interval [0.25–1.02]) and increase in training volume per hour (β 0.06, 95%CI [0.01–0.12]) were associated with a higher change in peakV˙O2.

Conclusion

While training intensity and volume varied greatly amongst current European CR programs, changes in peakV˙O2were similar and the effect of training characteristics on these changes were small.
Exhibition as an online archive
Authors: Kraner Kaja
Published: November 2020

The article offers a reflection of the current practice of archiving and digitalising, which, due to the circumstances induced by the pandemic/lockdown, enable life to go on for certain artistic practices that are otherwise strongly connected to the common and live time of gathering. The author reflects on the archive as a space of redefining the medium of exhibition; on the relation between the body and the online space; the relation between the artwork and the curatorial input, etc. She focuses on the City of Women’s web exhibition Looking Back to Look Forward, which features the discursive, performative and visual practices.
What’s that blinking line in Word called again?
Authors: Hrvatin Varja
Published: November 2020

The entire monologue is a transcription of the inner train of thought narrated by a woman’s voice in medias res while watching and listening to three minutes of the film Koyaanisqatsi. We don’t see the actress; we only hear her. The only thing we see is a three-minute excerpt from the film, which the actress can play on her phone or computer, recording the screen and the sound with her phone (live) at the same time (instead of recording herself, the actress records the screen with sound). The interpretation should be very brisk, hurried, internalised, contemplative yet neurotic, almost hysterical and, above all, colloquial – i.e. spoken in the lowest possible register.
Ljubljana ideology: Or one beer a day keeps the mischief away
Authors: Krašovec Primož
Published: November 2020

The text describes certain basic characteristics of the Ljubljana ideology as a mental-emotional-discursive system acting predominately on the field of media-, education- and cultural institutions (the complex some call the Cathedral), and the reason why I find this ideology annoying and attractive at the same time, or why and how I found myself in it, as well as why it was difficult for me to escape it. The basic premise of the text is that one of the last classic ideologies that still exist (outside the Cathedral, capitalism is rapidly discontinuing and demolishing them) is the ideology of critical thinking, of radical politics and humanist theory. As such, it is not an opposition to ideologies but perhaps its last representative, whereby it contains all disagreeable characteristics of classic ideologies (control, limitation and dilution of reflection and discourse).
Body archive/the body as the archive
Authors: Hiršenfelder Ida
Published: November 2020

The archive is a time machine that actively creates ways of accessing individual or collective experiences. Digital archives, in particular, such as the Web Museum anticipate an open and free access to memories even though they are not merely a representation of events but a field in which we can surpass the informativity of events in order to strengthen our experience of the (unlived) past and also the future. We are not building it to remember or understand the past but to think the future. The archive should be guided by the logic of distribution not the logic of accumulation.
The symptomatology of a surpassing disaster: Narrativization and temporality in the work of Walid Raad
Authors: Kraner Kaja
Published: November 2020

Since the 1990s, the common thread to artistic practices based on the collection, archiving and presentation of historical documents can be derived from what is happening with the space, time and the regimes of visibility and knowledge as part of digital reproductivity. Nevertheless, roughly two separate key approaches can be identified: construction approaches that are often designed as an intervention in the dominant historiographical practice, on the one hand, and approaches focusing on the study of infrastructural, epistemological and other conditions for the possibility of archiving and historicization in general, on the other. The latter approaches frequently question the standard treatment of documents that is most often based on the ability to trace their origin as well as on their presumptive expressive and narrative potentials. The article therefore analyses the approach to studying history adopted by Lebanese-American artist Walid Raad, drawing from the performance-lecture Les Louvres and/or Kicking the Dead, which is part of a broader project about “a history of art in the Arab world”. In the process of defining the specifics of Raad’s approach based on the concepts of “spaces of interrupted histories” and “self-historicization”, the article draws a comparison between artistic uses of documents in the context of former socialist countries and the Middle East or, more specifically, the Lebanese socio-political context. Instead of unifying both “spaces of interrupted histories” by focusing on narrativization and temporality in Raad’s work, I concentrate mostly on the differences.
Kritično pisanje in uprizoritvene študije: primer slovenskega casopisa Maska
Authors: Kunst Bojana
Published: November 2020

Pričujoči članek je prevod članka Bojane Kunst, ki ga je napisala ob 100. izdaji časopisa za scenske umetnosti Maska (2006) za zbornik Contesting Performance. Global Sites of Research v zbirki Performance Interventions, ki so ga uredili John McKenzie, Heike Roms in C. J. W.-L. Wee (2010) pri založbi Palgrave McMillan. Za prevod tega pomembnega članka, ki kontekstualizira specifično vlogo in regionalno samodržnost revije Maska ter njeno prepletenost z živo prakso v okviru širšega, globalnega konteksta formacije akademske discipline uprizoritvenih študij (Performance studies), smo se odločili ob jubileju, ko Maska izdaja že svojo 200. številko.