bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization on pain and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome; a randomized control clinical trial
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad , Karimi Hossein , Gilani Syed Amir , Ahmad Ashfaq , Raza Asim
Published: November 2020

Background

The objective of the study was to compare the effects of neuromobilization (NM) techniques and routine physiotherapy on pain and functional disability in patients having shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Present study was aimed to discover evidence based conservative and cost effective remedy on pain and functional disability.

Study design

Single blinded randomized control clinical trial.

Methods

A total of 80 patients with SIS were randomly assigned into care and experimental groups (40 in each group). After the baseline assessment routine physiotherapy was executed on both groups, while NM was applied additionally to experimental group. Pain and functional disability score were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale and University of California at Los Angeles rating score at baseline, 5th and 11th week. Differences in outcome between groups were evaluated with clinical improvement.

Results

The experimental group compared with care group at 11th week had lower mean pain score 2.15(1.66–2.64) vs 4.90(4.41–5.40); between group difference, 1.82; 95% (CI), − 2.38 to − 1.25;P< 0.001 and Partial ƞ2 = 0.33, similarly functional disability score 28.58(27.32–29.83) vs 20.10(18.84–21.36); between group difference,5.62; 95%CI, (4.32–6.92);P< 0.001 and Partial ƞ2 = 0.49 respectively. In experimental group NM was a more effective technique to reduce the pain severity and disability in SIS patients as compare to care group.

Conclusion

Neuromobilization techniques in addition to routine physiotherapy were significantly effective for the treatment of SIS.

Trial registration

IRCT20190121042445N1, Registered 19 February 2019.
A new method for evaluation of patellar height and the position of the joint line before and after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Han Hua , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: November 2020

Background

The measurement of patellar height and restoration of the natural position of the joint line are crucial to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there remains a lack of consensus on an optimal measurement method to associate the patellar height with the joint line position. The objective of this study was to introduce a new method and validate the application in TKA both preoperatively and postoperatively.

Methods

Instead of taking marginal landmarks as the tibial references, the tibial shaft axis was used to construct the new measurement method, which comprises the axis-patella (AP), joint axis-patella (jAP) indices and joint line height (JLH). Patellar heights were measured using the Insall-Salvati (IS), modified Insall-Salvati (mIS), Blackburne-Peel (BP), Caton-Deschamps (CD) indices, and the new method in 175 knees both preoperatively and postoperatively. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Pearson’s correlation analyses were respectively used to evaluate the reliabilities and correlations.

Results

There were good correlations between the proposed method and the mIS, CD, and BP indices. High inter-observer reproducibility was found for AP (preoperative and postoperative 0.83), jAP (preoperative 0.82; postoperative 0.86) indices and JLH (preoperative 0.88; postoperative 0.95). High intra-observer repeatability was also found for AP (preoperative 0.85; postoperative 0.87), jAP (preoperative 0.83; postoperative 0.87) indices and JLH (preoperative 0.80; postoperative 0.92).

Conclusions

The new method is reliable for measuring patellar height before and after TKA, providing an alternative to distinguish between true and pseudo patella baja. Furthermore, JLH can be applied to assess and restore the joint line position in TKA.
Favourable clinical outcomes following cemented arthroplasty after metal-on-metal total hip replacement: a retrospective study with a mean follow-up of 10 years
Authors: Yu Weiguang , Chen Meiji , Zeng Xianshang , Zhao Mingdong , Zhang Xinchao , Ye Junxing , Zhuang Jintao , Han Guowei
Published: November 2020

Background

Given the unexpected high rate of failure following metal-on-metal total hip replacement (MoM-THR), it is expected that more MoM-THR patients will experience revision. The long-term outcomes regarding the primary MoM-THR revised to cemented THR (CTHR) remain controversial. The purpose of this retrospective review was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients who underwent conversion from MoM-THR to CTHR.

Methods

A total of 220 patients (220 hips) who underwent a conversion of primary MoM-THR to CTHR from March 2006 to October 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcomes were the functional outcomes assessed using the Harris hip scores (HHS) and major radiographic outcomes. Follow-ups occurred at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and then every two years after revision.

Results

Mean follow-up was 10.1 years (5–13 years). Distinct improvements were detected in the mean HHS between the preoperative and last follow-up analysis (62.35[±8.49] vs. 84.70[±14.68], respectively, p < 0.001). The key orthopaedic complication rate was 18.2% (27/148). Seven (4.7%) cases experienced a CTHR failure at a mean of 3.4 (±1.2) years after revision MoM-THR, mostly attributed to recurrent dislocation.

Conclusion

CTHR might yield an acceptable functional score and a low rate of the key orthopaedic complications.
Pre-depletion of TRBC1+ T cells promotes the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TRBC1 CAR-T for T-cell malignancies
Authors: Zhang Chaoting , Palashati Heyilimu , Rong Zhuona , Lin Ningjing , Shen Luyan , Liu Ying , Li Shance , Yu Bentong , Yang Wenjun , Lu Zheming
Published: November 2020

Targeting T cell receptor β-chain constant region 1 (TRBC1) CAR-T could specifically kill TRBC1+ T-cell malignancies. However, over-expressed CARs on anti-TRBC1 CAR transduced TRBC1+ T cells (CAR-C1) bound to autologous TRBC1, masking TRBC1 from identification by other anti-TRBC1 CAR-T, and moreover only the remaining unoccupied CARs recognized TRBC1+ cells, considerably reducing therapeutic potency of CAR-C1. In addition, co-culture of anti-TRBC1 CAR-T and TRBC1+ cells could promote exhaustion and terminal differentiation of CAR-T. These findings provide a rationale for pre-depleting TRBC1+ T cells before anti-TRBC1 CAR-T manufacturing.
Insulin regulation of solute carrier family 2 member 1 (glucose transporter 1) expression and glucose uptake in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Jakson Ivika , Ujvari Dorina , Brusell Gidlöf Sebastian , Lindén Hirschberg Angelica
Published: November 2020

Background

Solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1; previously known as glucose transporter 1), is the most abundant glucose transporter in human endometrium and is up-regulated during decidualization, whereas high insulin may have a negative impact on this process. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin on the expression of SLC2A1 and glucose uptake in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells.

Methods

We induced in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells obtained from regularly menstruating healthy non-obese women. The cells were treated with increasing concentrations of insulin, and the involvement of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was evaluated using a FOXO1 inhibitor. SLC2A1 mRNA levels were measured by Real-Time PCR and protein levels were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Glucose uptake was estimated by an assay quantifying the cellular uptake of radioactive glucose. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test and paired t-test were used to determine the statistical significance of the results.

Results

We found that insulin dose-dependently decreased SLC2A1 mRNA levels and decreased protein levels of SLC2A1 in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells. Transcriptional inactivation of FOXO1 seems to explain at least partly the down-regulation of SLC2A1 by insulin. Glucose uptake increased upon decidualization, whereas insulin treatment resulted in a slight inhibition of the glucose uptake, although not significant for all insulin concentrations.

Conclusions

These results indicate an impairment of decidualization by high concentrations of insulin. Future studies will determine the clinical significance of our results for endometrial function and decidualization in women with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.
The association between anti-Müllerian hormone and vitamin 25(OH)D serum levels and polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescent females
Authors: Simpson Samantha , Seifer David B. , Shabanova Veronika , Lynn Anna Y. , Howe Catherine , Rowe Erin , Caprio Sonia , Vash-Margita Alla
Published: November 2020

Background

High anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency have been associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in adult women, and implicated in its pathogenesis. Herein we determined if the level of both AMH and 25(OH)D are altered in adolescent females with clinical features of PCOS.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study utilizing a retrospective chart review of 128 patients aged 12–20 referred to an academic adolescent gynecology and endocrinology clinic for an evaluation of suspected PCOS. Unadjusted comparisons of AMH and 25(OH)D distributions between subjects with and without PCOS were performed using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Quantile regression was used to compare the median AMH and 25(OH)D between subject groups; adjusting for race, ethnicity, BMI, insurance type, age, and season when bloodwork was performed.

Results

Seventy-four subjects were classified as having PCOS by meeting ≥2 of the three Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, and 47 subjects met only one Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, and were used as the comparative non-PCOS group. There were statistically significant unadjusted differences in median levels of AMH and 25(OH)D. In the adjusted analyses, median AMH was significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the non-PCOS group (+ 2.39 ng/mL, 95% CI 0.43, 4.35, p = 0.018); 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the PCOS group (− 9.01 ng/mL, 95% CI -14.49, − 3.53 p = 0.001). In our sample, adolescents in both groups had insufficient 25(OH)D level (22 ng/mL) and elevated BMI (32.2 kg/m2).

Conclusions

Adolescents with PCOS display high levels of AMH and low 25(OH)D levels. Since traditional clinical markers of PCOS may be physiologic in adolescents, AMH and 25(OH)D may be used as surrogate markers of PCOS risk in adolescents.
Depletion of GPSM1 enhances ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis via cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway in vitro
Authors: Cai Xuzi , Fu Huijiao , Wang Yan , Liu Qiwen , Wang Xuefeng
Published: November 2020

Background

Genetic causes of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) account for approximately 20 ~ 25% of patients. So far, only a few genes have been identified.

Results

Here, we first identified the c.1840C > A on G-protein signaling modulator 1 (GPSM1) as a susceptibility locus for POI in 10 sporadic POI patients by whole-exome sequencing. The frequency of GPSM1 c.1840C > A was then verified as 3/20 in a POI sample of 20 patients (including the above 10 patients) by Sanger sequencing. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed the expression of GPSM1 in rat ovaries was increased in the large antral follicle stage compared to the primordial follicle stage (P < 0.01). The cell proliferation assay (CCK8) and flow cytometry suggested that the small-interfering RNA-induced silencing of Gpsm1 significantly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of rat ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) (P < 0.01). Furthermore, suppression of Gpsm1 in GCs reduced levels of cAMP, PKAc, p-CREB as well as the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3 (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

In summary, this study identified a susceptibility variant GPSM1 c.1840C > A of POI for the first time. Gpsm1 was related to rat follicle development, and silencing of Gpsm1 increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in rat GCs, possibly through inhibition of the cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway.
Smaller pineal gland is associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Park Jeongbin , Suh Seung Wan , Kim Grace Eun , Lee Subin , Kim Jun Sung , Kim Hye Sung , Byun Seonjeong , Bae Jong Bin , Kim Jae Hyoung , Kim Sang Eun , Han Ji Won , Kim Ki Woong
Published: November 2020

Background

To investigate the association between pineal gland volume and symptoms of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients without any feature of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Methods

We enrolled 296 community-dwelling probable AD patients who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for possible or probable dementia with Lewy bodies. Among them, 93 were amyloid beta (Aβ) positive on 18F-florbetaben amyloid brain positron emission tomography. We measured RBD symptoms using the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) and defined probable RBD (pRBD) as the RBDSQ of 5 or higher. We manually segmented pineal gland on 3T structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The participants with pRBD had smaller pineal parenchyma volume (VPP) than those without pRBD (p <  0.001). The smaller the VPP, the more severe the RBD symptoms (p <  0.001). VPP was inversely associated with risk of prevalent pRBD (odds ratio = 0.909, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.878–0.942, p <  0.001). Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for pRBD of VPP was 0.80 (95% CI = 0.750–0.844, p <  0.0001). These results were not changed when we analyzed the 93 participants with Aβ-positive AD separately.

Conclusions

In AD patients, reduced pineal gland volume may be associated with RBD.
Measuring financial literacy with a Situational Judgement Test: do some groups really perform worse or is it the measuring instrument?
Authors: Wuttke Eveline , Siegfried Christin , Aprea Carmela
Published: November 2020

Due to current trends in society and economy, financial literacy is often considered as an important twenty-first century skill. However, regardless of the postulated relevance, studies suggest that financial illiteracy seems to be a widespread phenomenon in the population of many nations. Some studies also show that some groups perform particularly poorly (e.g. women, persons with migration background and/or low level of education). These differences are often attributed to different individual characteristics such as abilities, dispositions or socialisation patterns. However, available research also suggests that even after controlling for them, a quite large portion of the performance differences between the various groups of test-takers remains unexplained. One explanation for performance gaps in financial literacy might be that differences in test scores could also be evoked by the test instruments itself and may thus, at least in part, be interpreted as testing bias. In this paper, we present a newly developed Situational Judgement Test, which is focused on financial competence. For this test, we examine whether differences between groups are attributable to individual differences or due to a test bias. To analyse a possible test bias, we tested one facet of financial literacy (with three factors: control of one’s financial situation, budgeting and handling of money) related to everyday money management for measuring invariance for different groups. If measuring invariance could be assumed, we analysed group differences by calculating t-tests. Results show that two factors of the test show measurement invariance for all groups considered (gender, migration and educational background, opportunities to learn). Group comparisons are thus possible and potential differences are not due to a test bias. For one factor, we can only assume measurement invariance for the group with/without migration background and with/without opportunities to learn in financial topics. When we look at group differences, we find that in contrast to the findings of many previous studies, the analysis of the mean differences does not show any systematic deficits in financial literacy for specific groups.
A Three-Dimensional Bioabsorbable Tissue Marker for Volume Replacement and Radiation Planning: A Multicenter Study of Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes for 818 Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaufman Cary S. , Cross Michael J. , Barone Julie L. , Dekhne Nayana S. , Devisetty Kiran , Dilworth Joshua T. , Edmonson David A. , Eladoumikdachi Firas G. , Gass Jennifer S. , Hall William H. , Hong Robert L. , Kuske Robert R. , Patton Brandon J. , Perelson Carol , Phillips Rogsbert F. , Smith Arnold B. , Smith Linda A. , Tafra Lorraine , Lebovic Gail S.
Published: November 2020

Background

Accurate identification of the tumor bed after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) ensures appropriate radiation to the tumor bed while minimizing normal tissue exposure. The BioZorb® three-dimensional (3D) bioabsorbable tissue marker provides a reliable target for radiation therapy (RT) planning and follow-up evaluation while serving as a scaffold to maintain breast contour.

Methods

After informed consent, 818 patients (826 breasts) implanted with the BioZorb® at 14 U.S. sites were enrolled in a national registry. All the patients were prospectively followed with the BioZorb® implant after BCS. The data collected at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months included all demographics, treatment parameters, and provider/patient-assessed cosmesis.

Results

The median follow-up period was 18.2 months (range, 0.2–53.4 months). The 30-day breast infection rate was 0.5 % of the patients (n = 4), and re-excision was performed for 8.1 % of the patients (n = 66), whereas 2.6 % of the patients (n = 21) underwent mastectomy. Two patients (0.2 %) had local recurrence. The patient-reported cosmetic outcomes at 6, 12, and 24 months were rated as good-to-excellent by 92.4 %, 90.6 %, and 87.3 % of the patients, respectively and similarly by the surgeons. The radiation oncologists reported planning of target volume (PTV) reduction for 46.2 % of the patients receiving radiation boost, with PTV reduction most commonly estimated at 30 %.

Conclusions

This report describes the first large multicenter study of 818 patients implanted with the BioZorb® tissue marker during BCS. Radiation oncologists found that the device yielded reduced PTVs and that both the patients and the surgeons reported good-to-excellent long-term cosmetic outcomes, with low adverse effects. The BioZorb® 3D tissue marker is a safe adjunct to BCS and may add benefits for both surgeons and radiation oncologists.
Partnering Effects on Joint Motion Range and Step Length in the Competitive Waltz Dancers
Authors: Yoshida Yasuyuki , Bizokas Arunas , Demidova Katusha , Nakai Shinichi , Nakai Rie , Nishimura Takuichi
Published: November 2020

Competitive dance, also known as DanceSport, is one of the official sports of the World Games. The most salient characteristic of ballroom dance is the closed-hold position, during which the upper body segments of partner-dancers are linked. This study aimed to investigate partnering
effects on joint motion ranges of the lower extremity and step lengths during the waltz in 13 national level competitive dance couples and a world champion couple. A Xsens MVN system was used to record movement at 240 Hz. Solo and pair conditions were examined. Compared with the highly skilled
couples, the world champion couple demonstrated superior dance skills for generating the first step length in the pair condition of the waltz. This was particularly evident in the step length and joint motion range of the champion female dancer.
Assessment of criterion validity of personality disorder diagnosis in adolescents and relations between attachment style and personality disorder diagnosis
Authors: Lenkiewicz Kamila , Konowałek Łukasz , Bryńska Anita
Published: November 2020

Cel pracy

Cel: ocena trafności kryterialnej oraz stabilności w czasie diagnozy zaburzeń osobowości u młodzieży oraz związków między stylem przywiązania a rozpoznaniem zaburzeń osobowości.

Metoda

Materiał i metoda: 50 nastolatków (46 dziewcząt oraz 4 chłopców) w wieku 15-17 lat, hospitalizowanych w oddziale psychiatrii dzieci i młodzieży, przebadano przy pomocy ustrukturyzowanego wywiadu SCID-II i Inwentarza Przywiązania do Rodziców i Rówieśników (IPPA). Powtórną ocenę wywiadem SCID-II przeprowadzono po upływie roku w grupie osób spełniających kryteria diagnostyczne dla zaburzeń osobowości w pomiarze 1

Wyniki

Wyniki: w pomiarze 1 kryteria diagnostyczne dla różnych rodzajów zaburzeń osobowości potwierdzono u 41 (82%) adolescentów (średnia liczba kryteriów =5.9). Najczęściej potwierdzano kryteria dla zaburzeń osobowości typu borderline (n=26; średnia liczba kryteriów =7.9). W pomiarze 2 przebadano 21 osób (51%), średnia ilość potwierdzonych kryteriów wyniosła =6.6. Wykazano istotny statystycznie związek pomiędzy ilością kryteriów diagnostycznych dla zaburzeń osobowości w pomiarze 1 i ilością kryteriów w pomiarze 2 (r=0.58, p<0.010). U 82% badanych nastolatków z zaburzeniami osobowości stwierdzono pozabezpieczny styl przywiązania z matką, przy czym w grupie spełniającej kryteria dla zaburzeń osobowości typu borderline dominował lękowo-unikający styl przywiązania (83%).

Wnioski

Wnioski: Cechy zaburzeń osobowości w wieku nastoletnim, szczególnie typu borderline, są trwałe na przestrzeni roku..
Using social media for research during COVID-19 pandemic in a cohort in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil
Authors: Leite Jayne , Feter Natan , Doring Igor Retzlaff , Cassurriaga Júlia , Caputo Eduardo Lucia
Published: November 2020

We aim to share our experience of participants recruitment for the Prospective Study about Mental and Physical Health (PAMPA) cohort study using social media. The recruitment strategies were based mainly on social media. The inclusion criteria were being 18 years old or more and resident of Rio Grande do Sul state. In the survey’s official Facebook® and Instagram® page some strategies were adopted, such as weekly posting schedule, use of hashtags, organic publications, and boosted publications. Over the first 13 days of study, 1773 people were reached by an organic engagement. Boosted campaigns increased the average interactions reaching a total of 34,376 people, leading to 857 clicks on the survey’s link. Social media is a useful tool for participants recruitment strategy in epidemiological researches. However, internet-based approaches aiming to reach a more heterogeneous sample should be developed.
Managing BVDV at the herd level part 1
Authors: Button Ellie
Published: November 2020

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a costly disease and its eradication is the focus of the English voluntary scheme, BVDFree. The process of identifying a farm as negative or not negative is broken down into four stages using ADAM: assess disease risk; define herd status; action plan for BVD control; monitor progress. This process is based on the long-established protocols defined by Cattle Health Certification Standards. The first two stages are discussed in this article with the others following in part 2 of this series.

The risk assessment for current infection should focus on incoming animals to the herd, boundary fences and existing vaccination programmes. Suitable testing can then follow with a choice of newborn screening or youngstock cohort surveillance, with optional bulk milk analysis in dairy herds. Farms that show initial evidence of endemic BVDV infection can undertake further testing to discover the source.
OPEN ACCESS: Insights into UK farmers' attitudes towards cattle youngstock rearing and disease
Authors: Baxter-Smith Katharine , Simpson Robert
Published: November 2020

There is increased industry focus on optimised welfare, productivity and antibiotic usage in cattle youngstock, however, little is known about UK farmers' attitudes and practices in rearing calves. In this cross-sectional study, 479 farmers were surveyed online about their cattle youngstock rearing approach and outcomes. Represented were 174 dairy farmers, 255 beef suckler farmers and 50 calf rearers. Farmers showed awareness of good youngstock rearing practices such as colostrum management and housing facilities. Morbidity and mortality from diarrhoea (82%, 48%) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) (68%, 48%) were high on farms surveyed but farmers did not frequently consult their veterinary surgeon regarding these diseases. Farmers surveyed were not always aware of the efficacy of preventative methods such as vaccination, and frequently used antibiotic treatments (27% for diarrhoea and 40% for BRD) but not diagnostics when animals had disease. Veterinary surgeons could use these insights to better understand farmers' motivations and priorities, to make communication more efficient and align goals.
Youngstock diseases — an immunological perspective
Authors: Button Ellie
Published: November 2020

Gut health is crucial to early life success in calves. By enhancing a calf's own ability to fight disease we can aim to reduce incidence.
Responsible use of medicines and medicine recording
Authors: Barrett David
Published: November 2020

In his presentation at the UK-Vet Healthy Herd 2020 Digital Event on 21st October 2020 Professor Barrett spoke to a mixed audience of both farmers and veterinary surgeons. His talk on the ‘Responsible use of medicines and medicine recording’ in livestock, explained the key factors that influence best-practice treatment decisions within the context of legislation, quality assurance and market demand.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a review of an economically important pathogen
Authors: Gale Christina , Velazquez Eduardo
Published: November 2020

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is one of the causative agents of porcine pleuropneumonia, which is an economically important respiratory disease of pig production. Clinical signs vary based on the severity of disease and lung lesions present, but include fever and severe respiratory signs including coughing and laboured breathing. Numerous serotypes exist which vary in their virulence, and virulence of serotypes has also been shown to be vary between countries. It is important to establish which serotypes are present and active on a farm as well as carrying out seroprofiling to determine the correct time for implementation of control measures such as vaccination. Understanding of transmission routes is vital, including the role of carrier animals on the farm which are persistently infected and can shed the bacteria, therefore infecting other animals. Therefore, as with all infectious diseases, good standards of internal and external biosecurity are important in controlling the disease on farm. Vaccination has been shown to be effective on affected farms in preventing outbreaks, reducing clinical signs if they occur, and most important to the farmer, preventing losses in mortality, feed conversion ratio and growth. Therefore, vaccines are often a good choice for controlling pleuropneumonia on farm and reducing the need for treatment using antimicrobials.
Disentangling the taxonomy of the Galactia-Camptosema- Collaea complex with new generic circumscriptions in the Galactia clade (Leguminosae, Diocleae)
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Queiroz Luciano P. , Oliveira Ana C.S. , Snak Cristiane
Published: November 2020

The Galactia clade is one of three major lineages of the papilionoid legume tribe Diocleae. It comprises eight genera and approximately 140 species almost entirely restricted to the Americas. Establishing stable generic boundaries within this clade has been a challenge because of its tortuous taxonomic history and the broad polyphyly of the genera of the so-called Galactia-Camptosema-Collaea complex. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies revealed some well-supported lineages, but did not advance towards any new taxonomic arrangements. We carried out maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset including our previously published multilocus molecular data (nrITS and ETS and plastid trnK/matK and trnT-Y regions) and 82 morphological characters. The resulting topologies largely concur with those previously reported based on molecular data only, where Camptosema and Galactia appear as broadly polyphyletic, with species scattered among five (Camptosema) and seven (Galactia) of the twelve lineages that are newly recognized here at genus level. We are therefore proposing the following new taxonomic rearrangements within the Galactia clade: descriptions of the new genera Caetangil, Cerradicola, Mantiqueira, and Nanogalactia; resurrection of Betencourtia; and the subsuming of Neorudolphia into Rhodopis and of Camptosema sect. Macropetalum into Cratylia.
Spatially and temporally resolved temperature measurements in counterflow flames using a single interband cascade laser
Authors: Wen Daxin , Wang Yu
Published: November 2020

Spatially and temporally resolved temperatures are measured in counterflow diffusion flames with a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technique based on direct absorption of CO2 near 4.2 µm. An important aspect of the present work is the reduction of the beam diameter to around 150 µm, thus providing high spatial resolution that is necessary to resolve the high axial temperature gradient in counterflow flames. The temperature non-uniformity was taken into account through both hyperspectral tomography and the multiline technique with profile fitting, with the latter one being capable of providing temporally resolved data. The proposed methods were used to measure four counterflow flames with peak temperature ranging from 1654 to 2720 K, including both non-sooting and sooting ones.
Iterative optical diffraction tomography for illumination scanning configuration
Authors: Fan Shengli , Smith-Dryden Seth , Li Guifang , Saleh Bahaa
Published: November 2020

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is used to reconstruct refractive-index distributions from multiple measurements in the object rotating configuration (ORC) or the illumination scanning configuration (ISC). Because of its fast data acquisition and stability, ISC-based ODT has been widely used for biological imaging. ODT typically fails to reconstruct multiply-scattering samples. The previously developed iterative ODT (iODT) was for the multiply-scattering objects in ORC, and could not be directly applied to ISC. To resolve this mismatch, we developed an ISC update and numerically demonstrated its accuracy. With the same prior knowledge, iODT-ISC outperforms conventional ODT in resolving the missing-angle problem.
Designing a high-reflectivity normal-incidence Ge/Si multilayer X-ray mirror for the 44–50 nm wavelength range
Authors: Nilsen Joseph
Published: November 2020

For many years, the Mo/Si multilayer mirror has been the standard choice for normal incidence optics in the EUV/X-ray range below 20 nm. As one goes to longer wavelengths, such as the 46.9 nm Ne-like Ar X-ray laser, the absorption in Mo increases substantially, which is why the Sc/Si mirror was developed to operate in this region. To solve the problem of the metastable interface of Sc/Si mirrors due to diffusion between the two materials, this paper looks at an alternative Ge/Si multilayer mirror that replaces Sc with Ge, which offers potential advantages for fabricating a multilayer structure without the additional diffusion barriers needed with Sc. Ge can also be used to produce a narrow band filter in this wavelength regime.
Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Experimental Hookworm Infection for Improving Gluten Tolerance in Celiac Disease
Authors: Croese John , Miller Gregory C. , Marquart Louise , Llewellyn Stacey , Gupta Rohit , Becker Luke , Clouston Andrew D. , Welch Christine , Sidorenko Julia , Wallace Leanne , Visscher Peter M. , Remedios Matthew L. , McCarthy James S. , O'Rourke Peter , Radford-Smith Graham , Loukas Alex , Norrie Mark , Masson John W. , Gearry Richard B. , Rahman Tony , Giacomin Paul R.
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where intestinal immunopathology arises after gluten consumption. Previous studies suggested that hookworm infection restores gluten tolerance; however, these studies were small (n = 12) and not placebo controlled.

METHODS:

We undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of hookworm infection in 54 people with celiac disease. The 94-week study involved treatment with either 20 or 40 Necator americanus third-stage larvae (L3-20 or L3-40) or placebo, followed by escalating gluten consumption (50 mg/d for 12 weeks, 1 g intermittent twice weekly for 12 weeks, 2 g/d sustained for 6 weeks, liberal diet for 1 year).

RESULTS:

Successful study completion rates at week 42 (primary outcome) were similar in each group (placebo: 57%, L3-20: 37%, and L3-40: 44%; P = 0.61), however gluten-related adverse events were significantly reduced in hookworm-treated participants: Median (range) adverse events/participant were as follows: placebo, 4 (1–9); L3-20, 1 (0–9); and L3-40, 0 (0–3) (P = 0.019). Duodenal villous height:crypt depth deteriorated similarly compared with their enrolment values in each group (mean change [95% confidence interval]: placebo, −0.6 [−1.3 to 0.2]; L3-20, −0.5 [−0.8 to 0.2]; and L3-40, −1.1 [−1.8 to 0.4]; P = 0.12). A retrospective analysis revealed that 9 of the 40 L3-treated participants failed to establish hookworm infections. Although week 42 completion rates were similar in hookworm-positive vs hookworm-negative participants (48% vs 44%, P = 0.43), quality of life symptom scores were lower in hookworm-positive participants after intermittent gluten challenge (mean [95% confidence interval]: 38.9 [33.9–44] vs 45.9 [39.2–52.6]).

DISCUSSION:

Hookworm infection does not restore tolerance to sustained moderate consumption of gluten (2 g/d) but was associated with improved symptom scores after intermittent consumption of lower, intermittent gluten doses.
Correlation for Predicting Heat Transfer Characteristics of A Helical Oscillating Heat Pipe (HOHP) at Normal Operating Conditions
Authors: Donmuang Amorn , Chompookham Teerapat
Published: November 2020

The helical oscillating heat pipe (HOHP) is a high heat transfer heat exchanger with high flexibility in its installation and can therefore be used in a wide variety of applications. In this study, the effect of various parameters on the heat transfer rates of HOHP were used to establish a correlation equation for use in the heat flux prediction, the dimensionless parameters studied were rv/rl, Bo, Nu, We, Ja, Pr, Fr, Co, Ga, Bi, Wo, Oh, and Ku.  Experiments were conducted to find out their effects on the heat transfer rates of copper HOHP with internal diameters were 2.03, 3.5, and 4.5 mm. The lengths of evaporator and condenser sections were equal at 1500, 2000, and 2500 mm. The pitch coils were 10, 15, and 20 mm. The working fluids used were R134a, ethanol, and water with the filling ratios were 30%, 50%, and 80% of the total internal volume. The temperature of evaporator section were varied between 60, 70, and 80°C within normal operating conditions in a vertical position. The results of the experiment showed that the internal diameter, lengths of evaporator/condenser sections, pitch coil, type of working fluid, filling ratio and temperature of evaporator section affected the heat transfer rates of the HOHP. The results of dimensionless parameters can establish the correlation equation to predict the heat flux for the HOHP as shown in this paper. In addition, the results of this research can be applied in the designing and construction of HOHP heat exchangers.
I’ll be dammed! Public preferences regarding dam removal in New Hampshire
Authors: Diessner Natallia Leuchanka , Ashcraft Catherine M. , Gardner Kevin H. , Hamilton Lawrence C.
Published: November 2020

Decisions about dams, like other environmental conflicts, involve complex trade-offs between different water uses with varying human and ecological impacts, have significant impacts on public resources, and involve many stakeholders with diverse and often conflicting interests. Given the many upcoming dam decisions in New England and across the United States, an improved understanding of public preferences about dam decisions is needed to steward resources in the public interest. This research asks (1) What does the public want to see happen with dams? and (2) How do public preferences regarding dam removal vary with demography and politics? We address these questions using data from three random sample statewide telephone polls conducted in New Hampshire over 2018 that asked people for their preferences concerning dam removal versus maintaining dams for specific benefits—property values, hydropower generation, industrial history, or recreation. Respondent age, education, gender, and political party were tested among the possible predictors. We find that majorities (52% or 54%) of respondents favor removing dams rather than keeping them for industrial history or property values, and a plurality (43%) favor removal over keeping them for recreation. A plurality (46%) prefer keeping dams, however, if they are used to generate hydropower. Respondent background characteristics and political identity affect these preferences in ways resembling those for many other environment-related issues: women, young or middle-aged individuals, and political liberals or moderates (Democrats or independents) more often support dam removal. Education, on the other hand, has no significant effects. The results quantify levels of general public support for dam removal in New England, illustrating the use of public opinion polling to complement input from public meetings and guide decisions. More broadly, they contribute a new topic to existing scholarship on the social bases of environmental concern.
An update on Inuit perceptions of their changing environment, Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin Island, Nunavut)
Authors: Sansoulet Julie , Therrien Michèle , Delgove Joseph , Pouxviel Guilhem , Desriac Julie , Sardet Noé , Vanderlinden Jean-Paul
Published: November 2020

The Inuit of Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin Island) have developed a deep respect for their natural environment and are able to report not only changes in weather, ice, and natural resources but also changes in their communities as a result of climate change. The objective of this study was to shed light on how the impacts of climate change are currently perceived in the communities of Kanngiqtugaapik, Pangniqtuuq, and Qikiqtarjuaq. In order to construct a shared knowledge base, we conducted qualitative video interviews and participated in a hunting camp with multigenerational and multigender Inuit hunters and fishers. First, Inuit continue to see the world in which they cohabit with other living things, particularly animals, as a world that they cannot control on their own—a world they must adapt to, passing learning from one generation to the next. Second, they report that changes in the ice have been among the major and most important transformations to have occurred in recent decades. Observations made by these local populations also indicate changes in hunted species, with fewer caribou and narwhal, more birds, insects, and fish, including from more southerly regions, and an uncertainty about polar bear populations. Seal hunting remains stable, and this meat is still the most popular and healthy food, physically and psychologically. Third, sociological and economic changes (e.g., lifestyle change, monetary economies, quotas), in addition to environmental changes (e.g., climate change, species change), have had a significant impact on food harvesting activities as well as food consumption in the region. A final perspective concerns the needs of the Qikiqtaaluk communities to further develop collaboration with scientists. This need for partnership is not only perceived as a scientific necessity but also recognized by Inuit as essential to their communities, with some local leaders ready to work toward a fruitful collaboration.
Investigating large methane enhancements in the U.S. San Juan Basin
Authors: Pétron Gabrielle , Miller Benjamin , Vaughn Bruce , Thorley Eryka , Kofler Jonathan , Mielke-Maday Ingrid , Sherwood Owen , Dlugokencky Edward , Hall Bradley , Schwietzke Stefan , Conley Steven , Peischl Jeff , Lang Patricia , Moglia Eric , Crotwell Molly , Crotwell Andrew , Sweeney Colm , Newberger Tim , Wolter Sonja , Kitzis Duane , Bianco Laura , King Clark , Coleman Timothy , White Allen , Rhodes Michael , Tans Pieter , Schnell Russell
Published: November 2020

In 2014, a satellite-based map of regional anomalies of atmospheric methane (CH4) column retrievals singled out the fossil fuel rich San Juan Basin (SJB) as the biggest CH4 regional anomaly (“hot spot”) in the United States. Over a 3-week period in April 2015, we conducted ground and airborne atmospheric measurements to investigate daily wind regimes and CH4 emissions in this region of SW Colorado and NW New Mexico. The SJB, similar to other topographical basins with local sources, experienced elevated surface air pollution under low wind and surface temperature inversion at night and early morning. Survey drives in the basin identified multiple CH4 and ethane (C2H6) sources with distinct C2H6-to-CH4 emission plume ratios for coal bed methane (CBM), natural gas, oil, and coal production operations. Air samples influenced by gas seepage from the Fruitland coal formation outcrop in La Plata County, CO, had enhanced CH4, with no C2-5 light alkane enhancements. In situ fast-response data from seven basin survey flights, all with westerly winds, were used to map and attribute the detected C2H6 and CH4 emission plumes. C2H6-to-CH4 plume enhancement correlation slopes increased from north to south, reflecting the composition of the natural gas and/or CBM extracted in different parts of the basin. Nearly 75% of the total detected CH4 and 85% of the total detected C2H6 hot spot were located in New Mexico. Emissions from CBM and natural gas operations contributed 66% to 75% of the CH4 hot spot. Emissions from oil operations in New Mexico contributed 5% to 6% of the CH4 hot spot and 8% to 14% of the C2H6 hot spot. Seepage from the Fruitland coal outcrop in Colorado contributed at most 8% of the total detected CH4, while gas venting from the San Juan underground coal mine contributed <2%.
A cross-campus professional development program strengthens graduate student leadership in environmental problem-solving
Authors: Smith Joshua G. , McPherson Meredith L.
Published: November 2020

The growing urgency of environmental concerns around the world highlights the need to equip rising scientists with high-impact leadership and communication skills in order to effectively engage in interdisciplinary problem-solving. However, opportunities for authentic interdisciplinary professional development training for student scientists are not extensively available within single-institution programs. This study evaluates the impact of the Monterey Area Research Institutions’ Network for Education (MARINE), a regional cross-campus professional development program aimed at preparing graduate students for interdisciplinary leadership positions in environmental problem-solving. An online survey was conducted to evaluate students’ perceptions of whether MARINE effectively enhanced leadership, improved collaborative relationships, and prepared students for interdisciplinary environmental problem-solving. Overall, MARINE participants emphasized practical skill development, exposure to careers outside of academia, and interinstitutional networking as the most valued outcomes of the cross-campus professional development program. Based on survey results and the demonstrated practices of MARINE, we recommend a set of 4 key design principles for institutions to consider when creating future cross-campus professional development programs: (1) a student-led governance framework to ensure that the program’s focus is centered on topics and issues that participants find most relevant, (2) event planning committees that engage the larger pool of graduate students from across the network in authentic leadership, (3) professional development opportunities focused on interactive forms of activity, and (4) an annual colloquium for students to apply their training in leadership and interdisciplinary communication. Greater application of these practices and principles in cross-campus programs may present new opportunities for preparing rising leaders to take an active role in interdisciplinary problem-solving.
La Universidad como proyecto de vida desde las voces de la comunidad educativa. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Cristian Camilo Gutiérrez Restrepo
Published: November 2020

La investigación se desplegó en varias fases, las cuales se configuraron a partir de procesos colaborativos que se generaron con los diversos estamentos de la Universidad vinculados a los procesos presenciales y a distancia. El objetivo primordial del estudio estuvo dirigido al análisis, en clave de posibilidad y mejoramiento, de la situación actual del Proyecto Educativo Universitario de la UCM, a partir de las voces de administrativos, directivos, profesores, estudiantes, egresados y empleadores. Para tal efecto, se realizó un estudio de caso, en el cual se privilegió la investigación acción coloborativa en el marco de la investigación cualitativa y educativa. Los resultados a los que se llegaron están mediados por la incertidumbre y la indeterminación, porque serán las voces de las personas las que abrirán el horizonte de comprensión del Proyecto Educativo Universitario (PEU) en sintonía con el modelo pedagógico personalizante y liberador, para generar teoriá educativa que aporte a la resemantización del PEU en perspectiva de ofrecer otras miradas a la gestión que realiza la UCM en relación con las funciones sustantivas de la universidad y los desafios actuales de la sociedad y la cultura. Entre el 2017 y el 2018 la Universidad realizó la resemantización y resignificación del PEU, a través de un proceso participativo que involucró a más de 450 personas representantes de los diferentes estamentos de la comunidad universitaria: directivos, administrativos, profesores, investigadores, estudiantes de pregrado, posgrado y TyT, padres de familia de los estudiantes del I semestre del 2017 II, graduados, empleadores y aliados. Así la UCM hizo vida los principios de gobierno de las Hnas. Dominicas de la Presentación, participación y corresponsabilidad. La estrategia privilegiada para tal fin fue “las mesas de conversación”, comprendidas como espacios de diálogo y de encuentro para pensar la universidad desde sus fortalezas y retos, respuesta al entorno y proyección en el tiempo. Se realizaron 22 mesas de conversación para tal fin y 4 “Grandes Conversaciones”, jornadas institucionales que permitieron la socialización y apropiación del PEU y sus lineamientos. Esta estrategia articuló la UCM con el llamado del Papa Francisco a vivir la “cultura del encuentro” como posibilidad concreta para el anuncio y vivencia del evangelio. Este proceso dio origen al Equipo del PEU, grupo interdisciplinario que tiene a su cargo la implementación de las estrategias de socialización y apropiación el Proyecto Educativo Universitario de la mano de la rectoría y la agenda de investigación en torno a nuestra carta de navegación y Modelo Pedagógico Personalizante y Liberador, modelo que hunde sus raíces en la tradición educativa de la Congregación. Esta experiencia se recoge en elibro derivado de la iinvestigación La Universidad como proyecto de vida desde las voces de la comunidad educativa de la UCM el cual se encuentra en proceso de publicación.