bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lectura comprensiva y pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Guerra García Andrea Melissa María
Published: September 2020

La lectura comprensiva y el pensamiento crítico, son actividades que benefician el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios, a través de actividades que se logran mediante el desarrollo habitual de la lectura y la aplicación de técnicas o estrategias lectoras que le permiten al estudiante poder formarse como un lector competente. El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer, analizar y determinar qué actividades lectoras utilizan los estudiantes, esto con la finalidad de poder reforzar los niveles de comprensión y promover el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo cualitativo, basado en el estudio descriptivo transversal, haciendo uso del método analítico, sintético, realizado con 30 estudiantes de ambos sexos y diversas edades. Para obtener los resultados se aplicó una escala de Likert, con 15 ítems relacionados con los siguientes indicadores: literal, inferencial y crítico. Cada ítem estuvo estructurado con cinco alternativas de respuesta. El trabajo fue creado, bajo un plan de sistematización, que permitió investigar de manera profunda y ordenada el tema de lectura comprensiva y pensamiento crítico. Los resultados que se obtuvieron durante el proceso de la investigación fueron variados, debido a que los estudiantes algunas veces logran practicar de manera correcta el hábito lector, pero la mayoría de veces, presentan poco interés por la lectura, ignorando el impacto positivo que este puede ejercer en el mejoramiento de los aprendizajes de cada uno de ellos.
Análisis de mecanismos de intervención para seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en Guatemala
Authors: Linares Díaz Alejandro José
Published: September 2020

La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional es un problema que aqueja a casi tres cuartas partes de la población guatemalteca. Los sectores más afectados, son aquellos que combinan las condiciones de ser pueblos indígenas y rurales, con niveles de pobreza y pobreza extrema severos, y que han sido objeto de diversas formas o mecanismos de intervención para tratar de solventar el problema de hambruna que les aqueja.  Esto se ha realizado a través de diversos tipos de modelos por medio de políticas, planes, programas y proyectos. De forma que, las acciones de un “proyecto” se derivan de los “programas” planteados en un “plan”, que en conjunto tienen como finalidad satisfacer determinadas necesidades o resolver problemas que responden a “políticas” económicas, sociales, culturales y ambientales, en una población específica. La forma tradicional por la que se han accionado estos mecanismos de intervención es a través de diversos actores en 4 sectores principales: institucional; cooperación internacional; académico; y organizaciones campesinas e indígenas. La situación sigue siendo apremiante y las condiciones del problema, cada vez más severas en la región, sin embargo, la eficiencia de los mecanismos de intervención depende básicamente de su sostenibilidad y permanencia en el área.
La Neurociencia en la Educación
Authors: García Díaz Guadalupe Flor de María
Published: September 2020

La neurociencia ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años y ha contribuido de manera considerable en el ámbito educacional.  El cerebro sigue siendo el miembro de nuestro cuerpo más complejo a pesar que en los últimos 30 años muchos científicos se han dedicado exclusivamente al estudio del mismo. Sin embargo, la neurociencia ha mostrado a través de investigaciones, que hay muchas mejoras por hacer en cuanto a metodologías y estrategias pedagógicas para alcanzar el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de manera significativa obteniendo así mejores resultados en el momento de la adquisición, retención y aplicación del aprendizaje por parte del educando.  A la vez, la neurociencia nos explica cómo aprende el cerebro y la estimulación al desarrollo cerebral en el ámbito escolar.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD, SCATTERED BY A HORSE IRRADIATOR, PLACED IN THE FOCUS OF THE PARABOLOID ROTATION OF AN ANTENNA SYSTEM OF THE GROUND-DEPENDENT STATIONS
Authors: Sidorchuk O. L.
Published: September 2020

The article proposes an improved mathematical apparatus for studying the amplitudes of the electromagnetic field scattered by an antenna system with a horn feed of pyramidal shape, which is located at the focus of the paraboloid of rotation using the Credo-type ground-based intelligence stations (1RL133). Improvement of the apparatus consists in applying a new method for determining the scattered electromagnetic field reemitted by the irradiator located at the focus of the paraboloid of rotation of the antenna system during normal polarization of the incident plane wave in its plane of incidence, as well as coincidence of the wave and its plane of incidence as a superposition of an arbitrary incidence. The task includes two components: determination of the electromagnetic field in the plane of the focus of the paraboloid of rotation with an arbitrary plane electromagnetic wave falling on it and finding the electromagnetic field scattered from the circular polarization horn feed of the polarized paraboloid with an arbitrary plane electromagnetic wave falling on it. The materials presented in the article and previously received by the author combine the case of an arbitrary fall of an electromagnetic wave, which is a superposition of two cases: the wave is polarized normally to the plane of incidence; coincidence of the polarization of the wave and the plane of its fall. Calculations using the new method will allow evaluating the effect of various elements placed in the plane of focus on the scattering of antenna systems as a whole in any case of a wave falling on a mirror. The construction of radar stations based on a parabolic antenna calculated using a new method will allow one to gain significant advantages over traditional single-polarization radar stations when detecting objects with a small effective dispersion surface and to highlight their information signs.
Cotrimoxazole as adjuvant therapy in critical ill COVID 19 patients
Authors: Choudhari Omkar Kalidasrao , Spalgis Sonam , Ojha Umesh Chandra
Published: September 2020

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has forced us to consider using available drugs in the shortfall of vaccines and established treatment. Cotrimoxazole is one of the oldest drugs presently used in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) etc. It is a combination of two drugs Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole. This cost-effective old drug is well tolerated among the population with the concomitant use of folic acid; moreover, it also looks after the secondary infections. To conclude, Cotrimoxazole can be used as critically ill COVID-19 patients.
 
References

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Rozin A, Schapira D, Braun-Moscovici Y, Nahir AM. Cotrimoxazole treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2001;31(2):133-41.
Bourke CD, Gough EK, Pimundu G, Shonhai A, Berejena C, Terry L, et al. Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic inflammation in HIV infection by altering the gut microbiome and immune activation. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(486): eaav0537. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed. aav0537
Liu B, Li M, Zhou Z, Guan X, Xiang Y. Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? J Autoimmun. 2020; 111:102452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102452
Vickers IE, Smikle MF. The immunomodulatory effect of antibiotics on the secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia stimulation. West Indian Med J. 2006;55(3):138-41. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0043-31442006000300002
Onyebuagu PC, Kiridi K, Pughikumo DT. Effects of septrin administration on blood cells parameters in humans. Int. J. Basic Appl. Innov. Res, 2014;3(1): 14 -8. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbair/article/view/104688
Ho JMW, Juurlink DN. Considerations when prescribing trimethoprim– sulfamethoxazole. CMAJ. 2011; 183(16):1851-8. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111152
Mahan CS, Walusimbi M, Johnson DF, Lancioni C, Charlebois E, Baseke J, et al. Tuberculosis treatment in HIV infected Ugandans with CD4 counts .350 cells/mm3 reduces immune activation with no effect on HIV load or CD4 count. PLoS one.2010;5(2): e9138. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009138
Varney VA, Smith B, Quirke G, Parnell H, Ratnatheepan S, Bansal AS, et al. P49 the effects of oral cotrimoxazole upon neutrophil and monocyte activation in patients with pulmonary fibrosis and healthy controls; does this relate to its action in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax. 2017;72: A109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.191
Public Health in Political Dilemma - A Case for Covid-19 Control
Authors: Singh SK , Srivastava VK
Published: September 2020

COVID 19 has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO (1). The management of COVID 19 pandemic by Govt. of India has been applauded by the WHO for its timely and strict actions. No doubt we have borrowed time from the lockdown but it could have been utilized in a much better way to control. The epidemiological opinion is that the harshest lockdown was acceptable but its extension was not required as we have not been able to sustain the benefits of lockdown gained in the beginning. The gain of lockdown could have been better had it been coupled with meticulous contact tracing and containment measures during the early period of pandemic. A subsequent failure to ensure all these together resulted in spread of virus everywhere in spite of lockdown. It has also given a false feeling to the public that lockdown will prevent infection.
A single strand RNA impacts global DNA
Authors: Ravikumar T S , Aravindakshan Rajeev
Published: September 2020

An editorial in the recent edition of The Lancet (April 25th 2020), was a focussed review on India’s lockdown during the pandemic. (1) While the editorial gave only back-handed credit to Indian performance, the world’s largest lockdown, it did not give a balanced comment on India’s accomplishment.  The initial lapses of migrant labourers issue were played up along with several other inconsistencies noticeable in the review.  In order to present a more balanced critique of India’s accomplishment, we herein compare the status of the response to the pandemic among the nations that had first exposure to the virus in January 2020, serving as a comparison among the first cohort of countries.

India is one of the countries to have recorded the first case of COVID-19 in January 2020 and hence, is among the nations, most vulnerable to coronavirus epidemic.  It was quick to close the international borders and enforce lockdown early. These and other actions have been lauded by WHO. (2)
Traditions & Customs of Ancient Indian Culture and Their Role in COVID 19 Pandemic Prevention and Control
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Manar Manish Kumar , Singh Shivendra Kumar , Mohan Udit , Panday Kanchan , Mohan Uday
Published: September 2020

The truth of COVID 19 Pandemic is that it has already changed the demography of many countries, still changing the Climate & Environment and will continue to change the Global Economy for quite some time. The simple good personal hygiene and physical distancing measures were identified as one of the most effective protections against COVID 19. The Indian way of living has many scientific principles inherited in it to combat infectious diseases. We follow the Sanatan Sanskriti concepts traditionally, sometimes not even realizing the rationale behind it. This article tries to explore the correlation between the preventive measures and our traditional Sanatan practices. The pandemic has shaken the globe and time has come to rethink and move back to basics of our ancient traditions for a sustainable future. There is a need to promote our cultural practices and avoid running behind the ultra-modern ways of living so that the world learns to combat and live with the COVID 19.
Undernutrition and associated common comorbidities among 6 -59 months old children
Authors: Rehan Abu , Kishore Surekha , Singh Mahendra , Bahurupi Yogesh , Aggarwal Pradeep , Jain Bhavna
Published: September 2020

Background: Undernutrition has long been a major public health concern in developing country like India as a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality.  Aim & Objectives: To assess undernutrition in under five children and various associated factors affecting it. Methods and Material: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 400 under five children in Rishikesh. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 37.3%, stunting was 43.3% and wasting was 24.5% respectively. Common morbidity emerged as significant predictors of under nutrition. Conclusion: The burden of common morbidities and prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in this community is very high.
Aplikasi Teknologi Komunikasi Wireless Berbasis Zigbee Pada Sistem Kontrol Dan Monitoring Ruangan Kelas
Authors: Hasta Hasta , Rulliyanto Rulliyanto
Published: September 2020

Merancang aplikasi teknologi komunikasi wireless berbasis zigbee pada sistem kontrol dan monitoring ruangan kelas. Dapat memanfaatkan fungsi dari jaringan kabel wireless sebagai media untuk mengontrol peralatan listrik jarak jauh. Idenya muncul setelah melihat pemanfaatan masalah ini terjadi dalam mengendalikan peralatan listrik dengan manual. Sistem kontrol tidak efektif dan efisien, karena masih memerlukan tenaga manusia untuk mengelola dan mengontrol peralatan listrik di setiap kelas. Desain menggunakan satu makets imulasi bangunan dibagi bagian terpasangl ampu pijar, kipas dan driver motor dalam ruangan dan terhubung kerelay yang terhubung dengan arus listrik kemudian dikendalikan dengan mikrokontroler Arduino UNO R3 dan komunikasi antara kedua bagian tersebut menggunakan ZigBee.
PENGARUH MINAT MEMBACA KARYA SASTRA DAN KREATIVITAS TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS NOVEL
Authors: Sulasih Endang Sri
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the effect of interest in reading literature and creativity both in themselves individually

or collectively - against novel essay writing skills, students in class XI of Private Vocational High
School Pondok Bambu in East Jakarta. The research uses survey method. Samples were taken from 82 students
grade XI, Pusaka 1 Vocational High School in East Jakarta.Data was collected by questionnaire and an essay
writing test novel. Data analysis using linear regression method. The results of the study is:1
Keywords: Interest in reading literature, creativity, novel writing skills
Isolation and Characterisation of Biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas specie from Soil
Authors: Kamaludeen Kabir
Published: September 2020

Bacteria, especially members of the genera Bacillus and pseudomonads express surface-active compounds that are useful in biotechnology. Studies have shown that biosurfactant-expressing strains are rapidly isolated from both soil and water environments that are either contaminated or uncontaminated. The aim of this research is to isolate a large collection of surfactants expressing pseudomonads and to screen and characterised them for biosurfactant production. In this study, bacterial strains were isolated from Dundee Botanic Garden (United Kingdom) soil using pseudomonas selection agar supplemented with centrimide, fusidin and cephaloridine media (PSA+CFC) that select only pseudomonads. The isolates where screened for liquid surface tension reducing ability (LSTRA) using the drop-collapse assay before characterising the key strains using different metabolic and growth-based assays including their antibiogram. At least 30 key strains were identified from a collection of 58 isolated strains and further studied for diversity. A total of 27 assays were conducted to ascertain the phenotype of the 30 keys strains. All the 30 strains (100%) tested positive for catalase and glucose utilisation, while 28 (93%) tested positive for oxidase and KB* broth culture acidity. Also 22 (73%), 26 (87%) and 18 (60%) were found to be positive for swarming, swimming and twitching motilities respectively, while 22 (73%) were positive for lipase, 26 (87%) for protease and 27 (90%) for gelatinase. Furthermore, 12 (40%), 2 (7%), and 9 (30%) were resistance to mercury, kanamycin and to nalidixic acid respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis of phenotypic characterisation data confirmed that these strains were a diverse group of pseudomonads.
Influence of Heating on Antinutritional Factors on Maize and Rice Cereals
Authors: Usman, A.,  , Yaradua A. I.  , Nasir A.  , Matazu K. I.  , Abdullahi AS  , Matazu N. U.  , Salisu A.  , Barde, M. I.  , Koko SA  , Musa, A  , Umar, R. A.
Published: September 2020

Antinutritional factors are secondary metabolites synthesized in plants, which tend to antagonize nutrition either by causing toxicity or secondary nutritional deficiency of some important nutrients necessary for animal nutrition. Effect of heating regimes on the antinutritional contents of two varieties of rice and maize was determined; boiled for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The samples were sun-dried and levels of the antinutrients were determined using reported procedures. Rice (foreign): phytate – 8.92 ± 1.24, Oxalate – 3.15 ± 0.45, Tannins – 4.44 ± 0.89, For rice (Local): Phytate – 6.03 ± 1.07, Oxalate – 2.05 ± 0.26, Tannins – 2.49 ± 0.36, Maize (White): Phytate – 7.23 ± 0.26, Oxalate – 6.45 ± 1.13, Tannins –  4.66 ± 0.17 and Maize (Red): Phytate – 6.90 ± 0.71, Oxalate – 4.05 ± 0.45 and Tannins–8.58±0.13. Heating for 120 minutes decreases the levels of antinutrients to; Rice (Foreign): Phyate – 5.59. ± 0.16, Oxalate – 1.36 ± 0.19, Tannins – 1.57 ± 0.13, Rice (Local): Phytate – 0.29 ± 0.07, Oxalate – 0.33 ± 0.09, Tannins – 0.52 ± 0.31,  Maize (White): Phyate – 3.00 ± 0.08, Oxalate – 1.37 ± 0.31, Tannins – 1.92 ± 0.09 and Maize (red): Phytate – 3.01 ± 0.08, Oxalate – 1.27 ± 0.60 and Tannins 3.19 ± 0.23.  The data were analyzed by analysis of variance using SPSS 20. For the analysis,   there was significant difference (P˂0.05) between rice and maize cereals, but no significant difference (P˂0.05) between both the cultivars of rice and maize. Similarly, there was significant difference (P˂0.05) in the effect of heating on the two cereals, but no significant difference (P˂0.05) in the effect of heat between the red and white maize as well as local and foreign rice.  The results showed that decrease in the levels of antinutritional contents is proportional to the heating time in rice and maize samples.
An Overview on the Healing Potentials of Musa sapientm (Banana) in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Isah U  , Abdulkadir B  , Raubilu I. A.  , Ahmad M.A  , Kabir K
Published: September 2020

Gastric ulcer is a localized area of erosion in the stomach lining, resulting in abdominal pain, possible bleeding, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common cause of gastric ulcer is Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and a stomach infection associated with the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. The management of peptic ulcer disease and its complications remain a surgical challenge. Therefore, the evolution of newly discovered antiulcer drugs from medicinal plant is an attractive area, because several chemicals with anti-ulcer effect have been found in these plants, and they have shown a promising potential in the treatment of disease. Musa sapientum (Family: Musaceae), known as banana, is a familiar tropical fruit, is a treelike perennial herb that grows 5-9 m in height, with tuberous rhizome, hard, long pseudo-stem. The inflorescence is big with a reddish-brown bract, and it is eaten as vegetables, and the ripe fruits are sweet. Some studies reported that pectin and phosphatidylcholine in green banana strengthens the mucous-phospholipid layer that protects the gastric mucosa. Other studies highlight reported that leucocyanidin, a natural flavonoid from the unripe banana (Musa sapientum) pulp, protects the gastric mucosa from erosions.The present study is aim at reviewing the relevant studies on bioactive compounds in Musa sapientmwith their healing potentials in gastric ulcer diseases.
Current Trends of Yellow Fever in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Abdulkadir B.  , Dazy D.B.  , Abubakar M. A.  , Farida A.T.  , Samira I.G.  , Aladelokun J. D.  , Nafisat S. T.  , Olaosebikan V. O.  , Ibrahim E.  , Ibrahim E.  , Samira A.  , Nwadigwe M. O.
Published: September 2020

Yellow fever is a viral infection caused by yellow fever virus and is spread by the bite of an infected female mosquito (Aedes and Haemogogus species). The evolutionary origin of yellow fever lies in Africa, with transmission of the disease from nonhuman primates to human. Yellow fever remains a disease of significant public health importance. The earliest outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria was reported in Lagos in 1864 with subsequent regular outbreaks reported until 1996 following which Nigeria has been responding to successive outbreaks. Since 15th September 2017, when the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) officially notified a confirmed case of yellow fever in Kwara state to WHO as per the International Health Regulations (2005). Currently the country has been responding to successive yellow fever outbreaks over a wide geographic area. As such, four-year (2018-2021) national yellow fever Preventive Mass Vaccination Campaign (PMVC) plan, supported by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and partners, is currently being implemented to cover all states in the country. By 2025, it is anticipated that all states in Nigeria will have conducted PMVC activities to protect at-risk populations against yellow fever.
Comparative Biogas production by Anaerobic Digestion Using Sugarcane Bagasse, Cow Dung and Chicken Droppings Obtained from Katsina Metropolis as Substrates
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohammed  , Muazu Batagarawa  , Kamaluddeen Kabir
Published: September 2020

The use of energy derived from fossil raw materials as conventional primary source of energy has led to environmental pollution climate changes. The need for other alternative sources such as energy derived from wind, solar and biofuel has become necessary. This research investigated the generation of biogas from three types of wastes: Sugarcane bagasse, Cow dung, and chicken droppings wastes using three different biogas plants. Batch operation was carried out and the daily gas produced from each digester was monitored for the retention period of four weeks at the ambient and slurry temperatures. The digesters were charged differently with these wastes in the ratio of 1:3 wastes to distilled water. The ambient temperature ranges within the retention period were 17-290C and a slurry temperature range of 19-320C. The result showed that chicken droppings had the highest cumulative biogas yield of 3228.3cm3; cow dung had 2816.6cm3 and sugarcane bagasse had the least cumulative production of 681.4cm3 within digestion period of 30 days. The qualitative test of the generated gas showed that, cow dung has superior quality for biogas production with the highest methane content of 61.3% over the sugarcane bagasse (57.2%) and chicken droppings (47.6%). The bacterial enumeration for chicken droppings was discovered to have highest count of 28.7 x 105cfu/g than cow dung and sugarcane bagasse with 21.2 x 105cfu/g and 2.1 x 105cfu/g respectively. Cow dung was discovered to have the highest total solid content of 84.74% while sugarcane bagasse had the least (8.67%). The utilization of these waste stockscould bean alternative option for energy source and wastes treatment.
Biogas Production using Different Wastes: A Review
Authors: Sani Aliyu
Published: September 2020

Biogas as a renewable energy has recently been receiving attention. This is due to its numerous advantages specifically in energy source and waste treatment etc. Several challenges including amount of gas produce, nature of substrates and factors affecting production remains a problem. Hence this review is aimed at investigating different wastes used in biogas production (nature of substrates), amount of gas produced and factors that made a remarkable impact on the outcome of the production. In this review stages of biogas production, purification of biogas, biomass (substrate) pretreatment, classes of wastes used in biogas and their various outcomes, setting the anaerobic digester, factors influencing the rate biogas production and the biogas industry had been extensively reviewed. It was discovered that different substrates produced different amount of biogas. A substrate with less polysaccharide e.g cellulose and higher microbial population produces more gas than substrates with high polysaccharide and less microbial population. This is clearly due to the fact that biogas is a by-product of microbial activities; higher number of the microbes will increase gas production. Substrate with high polysaccharide have slower digestion rate than those with less polysaccharide. Hence these and other factors should be considered before making the choice of substrate to be used.
Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcers of Patients in Kano North –Western Nigeria
Authors: Sani, S.B.  , Kabiru Musa  , Bashar Usman Muhammad  , Surayya Lawan Idris
Published: September 2020

Diabetic foot ulcer has become the major cause of amputation in people with diabetes. Infected foot ulcers are a cause of morbidity and hospitalization in diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to isolate and ascertain antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens associated with diabetic foot infection in Kano North – West, Nigeria. Samples were collected from 100 patients with diabetic foot ulcers using sterile cotton swab and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The male: female ratio was 3:1. Mono bacterial nature of diabetic foot infection was observed in 68% of the samples while mixed bacterial infection was observed in 21% of the samples. The study showed that Gram negative bacteria (84%) was the most frequently isolated pathogen and E. coli was found to be predominant (27%) followed by Klebsiella species (21%) and Proteus species (19%).Among the Gram positive bacteria, S. aureus (16%) was the predominant pathogen. The result also showed that most of the isolated bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin and Gentamicin. However, they showed resistance to Augumentin, Cefixime, Ceptaxidime and Cefuroxime. Further studies needs to be carried out to explore anaerobic pathogens related to diabetic wound and to ascertain the causes of resistance to antibiotics for proper management of diabetic foot ulcer in the study area.
Cottage Processing of Black Plum (Vitex doniana) into Juice in Katsina State, North-Western Part of Nigeria
Authors: Hassan Abdulsalam  , Shamsudeen Abdulkarim  Jibia
Published: September 2020

Black plum (Vitex doniana) is among the perishable fruits which if not processed would get contaminated by microorganisms. The equipment such as extractor, filter press, pasteurization pot and a capping machine were fabricated for processing black plum fruits into juice. The processing of fruits into juice started with sorting, washing, extraction, filtration, pasteurization, bottling and capping. The juice yield, capacity and efficiency of the extractor were found to be 75.8%,1.56kg/min and 92.2% respectively. Pasteurization temperature which ranges from 36OC to 90OCaffected the proximate composition and pH of the juice. The increase in pasteurization temperature showed an increase in crude protein, crude fibre, ash and pH while other parameters such as carbohydrate, moisture and fat change differently. The research showed that variation in pasteurization temperature affects the proximate composition of black plum juice. Attaining a temperature of 60OC was recommended for black plum juice pasteurization.
Diesel-Degrading Potential of Pseudomonas putida Isolated from Effluent of a Petroleum Refinery in Nigeria
Authors: Saidu, K.  , Ameh, J.B.  , Atta, H.I.
Published: September 2020

The contamination of soil and groundwater by hazardous chemicals has become a major concern due to the associated risks to human health and the environment. The ability of Pseudomonas putida isolated from a petroleum refinery effluent to degrade diesel was assessed in this study. The effluent sample was collected from the treatment plant in the Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (K.R.P.C), Nigeria. The physicochemical properties and heavy metal content of the effluent was determined, and three strains of Pseudomonas putida were identified among the bacteria isolated using conventional biochemical and phenotypic tests. The strain showing the highest degradation potential after screening was selected for the final biodegradation studies. The ability of the selected strain of Pseudomonas putida (C15a) to utilize the hydrocarbons in diesel was assessed over a period of eighteen days, and monitored on a three-day interval by evaluating the pH, hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count and oil and grease content. It was observed that the organism was able to utilize diesel for its metabolic needs as shown by the increase in hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) count and corresponding decrease in oil and grease content as well as pH. The highest hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count was observed at day 15 (1.85 x 107 CFU/mL) with highest hydrocarbon degradation occurring at day 18 (98.3%). The strain of Pseudomonas putida (C15a) isolated in this study can be used as a candidate for further bioremediation studies on petroleum.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Umar H, A.  , Aisha, H.Z.  , Hussaini, I.H.  , Aliyu, M.S.
Published: September 2020

Hepatitis B virus is known to thrive in peripheral mononuclear cells, tissues of pancreas, spleen, kidney, skin, fluids such as saliva, semen, sweat, breast milk, tears, urine as well as vaginal secretion. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in General Hospital Azare, Bauchi State. In this study, 100 consenting pregnant women were recruited and their blood samples were screened for HBs Ag using Rapid Test Strip. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information about the socio-demographic and risk factors of the study population. Data obtained were subjected to Chi-square test using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 to determine the association between risk factors and Hepatitis B virus infection. The result showed that the overall seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending General Hospital, Azare, was 6(6.0%). Highest seroprevalence of HBsAg (16.7%) was observed among pregnant women within the age group of 36-40 years so also unemployed pregnant women (6.8%) had the highest seroprevalence of HBs Ag. Previous history of blood transfusion, previous history surgery, use  of contraceptives, sharing of sharp objects and sharing of tooth brush were found to be the risk factors associated with pregnant women in Azare. The differences observed in the seroprevalence of HBs Ag with different demographic and risk factors were not significant (P>0.005), with the exception of age (p = 0.03). Pregnant women and the general public should be enlightened on the risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Aliyu, M. S.  , Garba, I.  , Tijjani, M. B.,  , Doko, M. H .I.  , Mukhtar G. L.  , Musa, B.  , Madika, A.
Published: September 2020

This study characterized multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis phenotypically by LJ-proportion method and genotypically by Geno Type MTBDR plus LPA. Out of the forty M. tuberculosis isolates tested, two (5.0%) were found to be multi-drug resistant by LJ proportion method and one (2.5%) was MDR by LPA. None was found to be mono-resistant to any of the drugs by LJ however, one isolate was mono resistant to RIF and one was mono resistant to INH by LPA. Comparison of Geno Type MTBDRplus LPA and phenotypic LJ-proportion methods showed that one isolate was mono resistant to RIF and one was mono resistant to INH by LPA, one and two MDR-TB isolates respectively were characterized by genotypic and phenotypic methods. The remaining isolates were found to be pan susceptible by both methods. One isolate was characterized as MDR with bands at rpoβ MUT2A region and ihnA MUT2 corresponding to H526Y and A16G mutations respectively. Rifampicin mono resistance with band at rpoβ MUT3 corresponding to S531L was found in one isolate. Also, isoniazid mono resistance was observed in one isolate with ihnA MUT2 band corresponding to A16G mutation. This study has shown an overall high prevalence of MDR-TB in the study area which needs to be urgently addressed. Laboratory facilities for rapid drug resistance detection are needed across the country for early and accurate diagnosis of TB and drug resistant cases. This remains an important step in managing TB drug resistance in Nigeria.
Evaluation of Susceptibility Profiles of Some Bacteria to Flouroquinolones in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed, B.  , Ahmad, R. H.
Published: September 2020

Resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics such as flouroquinolones by bacteria is becoming a major threats towards the chemotherapy of some common pathogenic bacterial infections in the world especially the developing nations. In view of that, susceptibility profiles of some pathogenic bacteria to some flouroquinolones were evaluated using modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Technique. Four flouroquinolones antibiotics; ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (second generation), levofloxacin (third generation), moxifloxacin (fourth generation) were tested on five bacterial species (Staphyllococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) sourced from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, and re-confirmed at Microbiology Laboratory in Bayero University, Kano. The results of the study revealed that 8(26.7%) of E. faecalis isolates were sensitive levofloxacin, 6(20.0%) were saensitive to ciprofloxacin and 1(3.33%) were sensitive to ofloxacin, while 0(0.00%) was sensitive to moxifloxacin. Seven isolates (23.3%) of S. aureus were sensitive to levofloxacin, 15(50.0%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 4(13.3%) were sensitive to ofloxacin, while none (100%) were sensitive to moxifloxacin. E. coli isolates were 96.6% resistant to levofloxacin, Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited 76.6 and 50.0% resistance to the antibiotic respectively. There was significant difference in the performance of the four antibiotics used, ciprofloxacin better than others (p-value 0.00604). There was no significant difference in the percentages of sensitive bacterial species to the antibiotics used in the research (p-value 0.614), however, P. aeruginosa showed relatively higher number of sensitive isolates 30(40%). It can be concluded that 58% of the isolates were moderately sensitive to all the antibiotics in this study.
Optimization of Culture Condition for Biosorption of Lead using Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Gold Mining Site of Anka, Zamfara State
Authors: Hauwa, H.,  , Whong, C. M. Z.,  , Ado, S. A.  , Abdulmumin, A. Nuhu
Published: September 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a biosorbent for biosorption of lead from heavy metal contaminated gold mining soil of Anka, in Zamfara State. The effects on the degree of biosorption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied: these include Contact time, pH, Temperature, Biomass load and Agitation speed. The effects of contact time were studied at 24, 48, and 72h. Results show highest uptake (98.3%) of lead at 48h and the least (97.8%) at 24h. Effect of pH studied at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, with pH 6 recording the highest lead removal of 99.0% while pH 3 recorded the least percentage biosorption. The effect of Temperature was studied at 25, 35, 45, 55, and 650C, the highest percentage biosorption (99.3%) recorded at 55⁰C and the lowest 98.1%) was at both 35 and 45⁰C. Effect of biomass load was studied using different volumes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5ml) of the innoculum: generally the values obtained did not show variation with change in biomass load. Effect of agitation speed was studied at 2000, 2500, and 3000rpm; the highest lead removal was at 2000 rpm. Biosorption of heavy metals is an excellent technology and represents a potentially cost-effective way for heavy metal decontamination from the environment.
Isolation and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus from Powdered Milk Sold in Samaru Market, Zaria
Authors: Madika, A.  , Musa, B.,  , Sulaiman, M.A.  , Hussaini, I.M.  , Jimmy, G.G.
Published: September 2020

Milk is a nutritive food that serves as an excellent growth medium for wide variety of microbes. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in powdered milk sold in Samaru market, Zaria, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Fifty (50) powdered milk samples were collected from different shop vendors. The samples were used for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus by cultural method. Staphylococcal count was determined and the colonies observed were identified based on colonial morphology, microscopic and biochemical characterization. The antibiogram of the isolates were also determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The highest Staphylococcal mean count of 1.47x104 CFU/g was observed in powdered milk samples displayed outside the shop in sacks and the lowest count of 1.22x104 CFU/g was observed for samples displayed inside the shop in sacks. Fifteen (15) samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus giving a percentage occurrence of 30%, with samples displayed outside the shop in sacks having the highest occurrence (42.9%) while the least (16.67%) occurrence was observed in those displayed inside the shop in sacks. The antibiogram revealed a high susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamicin (93.33%), Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol (73.33%). While other isolates showed high resistance to Norfloxacin (66.67%) and Ampicillin-cloxacillin (26.67%). Five (5) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) ranging from 0.3-0.4. The study revealed high occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in powdered milk and its resistance to commonly used antibiotics possess a public health risk to consumers of these products
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SEBAGAI PEWARISAN NILAI-NILAI DAN BUDAYA
Authors: Alamin Alamin
Published: September 2020

Dunia pendidikan tidak terlepas dari internalisasi nilai-nilai dan budaya. Dimana ruh dari pendidikan itu adalah penanaman dan pewarisan nilai budaya. Tanpa nilai budaya tidak mungkin lahir suatu kepribadian. Kepribadian seseorang terbentuk karena adanya nilai-nilai budaya di mana seseorang dilahirkan, dibesarkan, dan dididik dalam lingkungan pendidikan, baik dari lingkungan keluarga, sekolah, maupun lingkungan sosial masyarakat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka (Library Research). Studipustaka yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian yang pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dilapangan (Perpustakaan) dan menggali sumber data bukan dari manusia. Maka penulis mengkaji secara teoretis tentang pendidikan Islam dengan pewarisan nilai-nilai dan budaya dengan hasil nilai-nilai yang berkembang dalam masyarakat sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan semangat ajaran Islam adalah termasuk nilai-nilai budaya yang perlu dilestarikan. Inti dari nilai-nilai itu sebenarnya tersimpul dalam al-akhlāq al-karīmah.
MINAT BELAJAR (Tinjauan Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam)
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: September 2020

Minat belajar siswa bukan hanya dipengaruhi dari dalam diri siswa, akan tetapi dipengaruhi pula oleh guru. Peranan guru dalam pendidikan dan pembelajaran merupakan sentral dalam upaya peningkatan minat, kemampuan, dan prestasi siswa. Oleh karena itu, guru sebagai motivator dalam proses pembelajaran harusberusaha meningkatkan kualitasnya, karena berhasil atau tidaknya proses pembelajaran sangat tergantung pada kemampuan dan keprofesionalan guru. Gambaran minat belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran  Pendidikan Agama Islam yakni adanya keinginan, harapan maupun target-target yang hendak dicapai oleh siswa, sehingga muncul minat yang kuat untuk melakukan sesuatu, termasuk dalam melakukan aktivitas pembelajaran PAI.  Dengan demikian upaya dan peran guru dalam mempengaruhi minat belajar siswa diantaranya, guru melakukan pengelolaan kelas dengan baik, membuka dan menutup pembelajaran dengan benar dan efektif, menerapkan metode belajar yang bervariasi, serta penggunaan media belajar dengan tepat.
KAIDAH TAFSIR PADA MASA NABI DAN SAHABAT
Authors: Hamzah Amir
Published: September 2020

Kaidah tafsir dapat diartikan sebagai pedoman dasar yang digunakan secara umum guna mendapatkan pemahaman atas petunjuk-petunjuk al-Qur’an. Oleh karena penafsiran merupakan suatu aktivitas yang senantiasa berkembang, sesuai dengan perkembangan sosial, ilmu pengetahuan dan bahasa, kaidah-kaidah penafsiran akan lebih tepat jika dilihat sebagai suatu prosedur kerja. Dengan pengertian ini, kaidah tersebut tidak mengikat kepada mufasir lain agar menggunakan prosedur kerja yang sama. Setiap mufasir berhak menggunakan prosedur yang berbeda asalkan memiliki kerangka metodologi yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.

Tafsir Nabi dan sahabat harus tetap dilibatkan dalam penafsiran ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, bahkan dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber penafsiran. kalaupun terjadi perbedaan penafsiran ulama kontemporer atau cendekiawan Islam dengan tafsir Nabi dan sahabat maka hal itu tidak harus divonis salah atau menyimpang akan tetapi harus memperhatikan latar belakang, metodologi, subtansi, subjek dan objek yang berbeda sehingga tidak mudah saling menyalahkan dan saling mengklaim kebenaran.
Muhammadiyah; Konsep Pendidikan, Usaha-Usaha dalam Bidang Pendidikan, Perkembangan dan Tokoh-Tokoh
Authors: Judrah Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Muhammadiyah merupakan organisasi pembaharu yang mengedepankan kemajuan segi pendidikan. Sebelum berdirinya organisasi Muhammadiyah, K.H Ahmad Dahlan sebagai tokoh utama Muhammadiyah telah memikirkan tentang pendidikan agama bagi segenap masyarakat. Dalam Muhammadiyah mendirikan sekolah rakyat yang menggabungkan sistem pesantren dengan sistem ppendidikan barat. sekolah ini hanya tidak mengajarkan pendidikan yang bercirikan islam, tetapi juga pendidikan umum. Ini merupakan kombinasi kurikulum dalam”konsep keterpaduan pebdidikan”. Gagasan tentang konsep pendidikan Muhammadiyah, kini telah dikembangkan oleh pakar pendidikan dan dilembagakan pada institusi pendidikan islam, yang bertujuan untuk mencerdaskan bangsa, terutama umat islam, agar mampu berpikir rasional meninggalkan kebekuan akal dan taklid buta yang amat merugikan. Berdasarkan ide-ide. gagasan dan pemikiran Muhammadiyah dalam bidang pendidikan, dipahami bahwa metode pembaharu pendidikan yang digunakannya adalah berdasarkan pendekatan SELF CORRETIVE terhadap umat islam. Sikap semacam ini perlu dikembangkan untuk kemajuan dunia pendidikan islam. Bila senantiasa diupayakan tentu saja lembaga dan atau institusi pendidikan islam semakin mapan eksistensinya, dan menjadi warisan bagi genersi mendatang.
KURIKULUM 2013 MENUJU SISTEM KREDIT PERSEMESTER DI ERA 2020
Authors: Parman Zakiah , Sunusiherman HermanS
Published: September 2020

Salah satu cara meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia adalah dengan meningkatakan kualitas pendidikan. Pendidikan yang berkemajuan merupakan pendidikan yang mempu menyesuaikan antara perkembangan zaman dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Banyak cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia, di antaranya dengan menyesuaikan kurikulum pendidikan yang berlaku. Saat ini Indonesia masih menerapkan kurikulum yang dirumuskan pada tahun 2013 silam, namun di tahun 2020 kurikulum tersebut mengalami pergeseran sistem menjadi sistem kredit semester dengan menjadikan pengembangan kemampuan personal peserta didik sebagai tujuan utama.
Metode Terapi Bagi Anak Remaja Putus Sekolah
Authors: Amir Amir Hamzah
Published: September 2020

Metode terapi Agama bagi anak remaja putus sekolah dilakukan dengan cara Langsung nasihat, diberikan penjelasan dan keterangan yang rasional tentang kaidah-kaidah yang berhubungan dengan agama islam, setiap masalah dijelaskan secara analisa yang tepat disertai manfaat dan hikmanya dalam kehidupan anak masa sekarang dan masa yang akan datang. Petunjuk dan penjelasan tentang berbagai hal yang baik, bermanfaat serta hal yang buruk, Semua organ tubuh menjadi lesu, tidak berdaya dan akan tanpak seperti orang bodoh. Pada akhirnya cenderung untuk melamun melakukan perbuatan yang tidak baik. Sebaliknya, orang yang giat bekerja, berjuang dengan ulet untuk mencapai cita-cita yang diingkinkannya, cenderung untuk tidak memunyai waktu merenungi perbuatan-perbuatan yang jahat.
Membangun Dinamika Dan Efektivitas Dakwah Dalam Keluarga (Analisis Awal Dakwah Nabi Muhammad Saw)
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Aktivitas dakwah merupakan aktivitas yang sering menjadi sorotan dalam berbagai aspek yang melingkupinya seperti dai, media, metode,n materi, dan aspek lainnya. Fenomena dakwah yang semakin marak dengan ragam aktivitas dan media penyampaiaannya tersebut merupakan suatu hal yang patut untuk diapresiasi sebagai perkembangan aktivitas dakwah. Perkembangan aktivitas dakwah di era kontemporer ini diharapkan juga mampu menjadi acuan evaluasi efektivitas dakwah. Mengamati realitas sosial menampakkan perkembangan dakwah berbanding lurus dengan kemaksiatan yang semakin merajalela. Kritik terhadap dakwah terutama terhadap kehidupan dai penting untuk menjadi bahan kajian. Perjalanan kehidupan dai dan keluarga merupakan salah satu indikator penerimaan mad’u terhadap materi dakwah yang disampaikan. Pentingnya dakwah kepada keluarga sebagai langkah awal aktivitas dakwah setelah dakwah kepada diri sendiri merupakan salah satu bentuk metode dakwah Rasulullah saw yang patut untuk diteladani.
Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam (Aplikasi Terapi Gerakan Shalat dalam Bentuk Gerakan Relaksasi untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan)
Authors: Ismail Ismail Hasan
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini untuk menggambarkan penerapan dan pengaruh bimbingan dan konseling melalui terapi relaksasi  gerakan shalat  untuk mengurangi kecemasan dalam menghadapi ujian. Adapun Kesimpulan tulisan ini adalah sikap rileks dan santai siswa dalam menghadapi ujian merupakan salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan. Sikap tersebut tidak menunjukkan adanya kecemasan dalam menghadapi ujian. Perasaan yang tidak menyenangkan ini umumnya menimbulkan gejala-gejala fisiologis dan gejala-gejala psikologis Terapi gerakan shalat dengan menekankan tujuh gerakan inti shalat yang kemudian dieksplor  untuk merelaksasi otot kita yakni berdiri tegak, takbiratul ihram, rukuk, i`tidal, sujud, duduk diantara dua sujud, dan i`tidal dilanjut salam. Hal ini terbukti dengan relaksasi otot melalui terapi gerakan shalat yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini terbukti mampu menghasilkan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap kecemasan.
Urgensi Implementasi Strategi Dakwah Di Era Kontemporer
Authors: Faridah Faridah
Published: September 2020

Implementasi strategi dakwah di era kontemporer sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi semakin kompleksnya problematika dakwah yang dihadapi. Ragam problematika dakwah kontemporer memerlukan beberapa upaya pembenahan dalam aktivitas dakwah agar tujuan dakwah dapat tercapai secara maksimal. Upaya yang dibutuhkan dalam pelaksanaan dakwah di antaranya adalah perencanaan dan pengaturan dalam aktivitas dakwah untuk mencapai tujuan dakwah yang telah dirumuskan. Dalam aktivitas dakwah, perencanaan yang matang akan menjadi peta jalan pada kegiatan dakwah sehingga pelaksanaan agenda dakwah akan lebih fokus dan terkontrol, efektif dan efisien, serta komprehensif-integratif.