bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate X or Climate Jacobin?
Authors: Duvernoy Russell , Busk Larry Alan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

In Climate Leviathan, Mann and Wainwright address the political implications of climate change by theorizing four possible planetary futures: Climate Leviathan as capitalist planetary sovereignty, Climate Mao as non-capitalist planetary sovereignty, Climate Behemoth as capitalist non-planetary sovereignty, and Climate X as non-capitalist non-planetary sovereignty. The authors of the present article agree that the depth and scale of destabilizations induced by climate change cannot be navigated justly from within the present social-political-economic system. We disagree, however, on which of the non-capitalist orientations is better suited for generating viable alternatives to the worst dystopian futures. The article thus stages a debate to elucidate the theoretical and political divergence between Climate X and Climate Mao (renamed Climate Jacobin).
Dinâmica e articulação econômica do município de Naviraí-MS no contexto da geografia regional sul-mato-grossense
Authors: Silva Walter Guedes , Figueiredo Aguillera Fernando
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é mapear e analisar as articulações econômicas do micropolo geográfico de ligação do município de Naviraí-MS nos contextos regional, nacional e internacional. Enquanto procedimento metodológico, adotou-se como base a definição das articulações regionais, nacionais e internacionais dos municípios, pautada em três indicadores de acordo com suas características: 1) capacidade de autogestão; 2) capacidade de sustentação da base territorial; e 3) capacidade de articulação regional, nacional e internacional.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Regionalização, Comércio, Micropolo. ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to map and analyze the economic articulations of the geographic connection micropolis of the conty of Naviraí-MS in the context regional, national and international. As a methodological procedure, was adopted with basis for defining the regional, national and international articulations of counties listed on three indicators according to their characteristics: 1) capacity of self management; 2) capacity to sustain the territorial base; and 3) regional, national and international articulation capacity.KEYWORDS: Regionalization, Trade, Micropolo.
O fantasma do cárcere: percepção ambiental da enseada de Dois Rios, Ilha Grande (RJ).
Authors: Farias Ana Beatriz Costa , Da Gama Sonia Vidal Gomes
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho tem como tema a percepção ambiental, articulada com os conceitos de paisagem cultural e o histórico de uso e ocupação do solo. Dentro do território insular da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis (RJ), destacam-se as unidades prisionais, as unidades de conservação e a atividade turística que resultam em uma morfodinâmica dos acontecimentos de forma singular, e são expressadas em diversos imaginários sobre o espaço. O objetivo é analisar as relações deste imaginário, quando veiculado aos usos das agências de viagens, com as percepções dos visitantes na enseada de Dois Rios. A metodologia está sustentada em dois autores: Paulo César da Costa Gomes e Yi-Fu Tuan. O primeiro auxiliando na inventariação dos patrimônios – tratados como paisagens culturais e com funções de atrativos turísticos – a partir dos discursos utilizados pelas agências; e o segundo, no intuito de trazer para a Geografia o sentimento pelo lugar, na perspectiva fenomenológica, exercendo a percepção do visitante, a partir de um questionário voltado para a sua capacidade de sentir e perceber o ambiente através dos seus sentidos, e reconhecer seu conhecimento ambiental. Os resultados apresentam diferentes interpretações dos patrimônios, e relações entre o homem e os atrativos, apontando um contato que, na maioria das vezes, se distancia, e em casos pontuais, aproxima-se com as ideias já propagadas pelo turismo no território insular.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Turismo, Uso e Ocupação, Paisagem Cultural. ABSTRACTThe present work has as its theme the environmental perception articulated with the concepts of cultural landscape and the historic land’s use and occupation. In the insulate territory of Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis (RJ), point out the prison units, conservation units, and tourism activity that result in a morphodynamic singular way of the events, and are expressed in several imaginaries about the space. The objective is to analyze the relationships of this imaginary, when conveyed to the uses of travel agencies, with the perceptions of visitors in Dois Rios cove. The methodology is supported by two authors: Paulo César da Costa Gomes and Yi-Fu Tuan. The first assisting in the inventory of assets - treated as cultural landscapes and functions of tourist attractions - from the speeches used by agencies; and the second, in order to bring to Geography the feeling about the place, in the phenomenological perspective, exercising the perception of the visitors from a questionnaire focused on their ability to feel and notice through their senses, and recognize their environmental knowledge. The results presents different interpretations of the assets, and relations between the man and the attractions, pointing to a contact that, in most cases, distances itself, and in specific cases, is approaching the ideas already propagated by tourism in the insulate territory.KEYWORDS: Tourism, Use and Occupation, Cultural Landscape.
‘The Boys Can Kill’
Authors: Wallin Zoë , Godfrey Nicholas
Published: October 2019

In the late 1960s, Hollywood had the youth demographic in its sights. In 1969
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid proved that Westerns
could appeal to this market, and sparked a cycle of youth Westerns. The cycle
framework provides a new lens to refocus this group of Westerns. When the films
are situated alongside the other production trends and cycles of the period, as
they were in the contemporary trade discourses, they emerge as part of a
short-lived strategy for financing Western films that targeted the youth market.
An industrial and discursive analysis of the marketing and reception of the
youth Western cycle contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the New
Hollywood period.
Beyond the Burden of History in Indigenous Australian Cinema
Authors: Pollock Benjin
Published: October 2019

How Indigenous Australian history has been portrayed and who has been empowered
to define it is a complex and controversial subject in contemporary Australian
society. This article critically examines these issues through two Indigenous
Australian films: Nice Coloured Girls (1987) and The
Sapphires (2012). These two films contrast in style, theme and
purpose, but each reclaims Indigenous history on its own terms. Nice
Coloured Girls offers a highly fragmented and experimental history
reclaiming Indigenous female agency through the appropriation of the colonial
archive. The Sapphires eschews such experimentation. It instead
celebrates Indigenous socio-political links with African American culture,
‘Black is beautiful’, and the American Civil Rights movements of
the 1960s. Crucially, both these films challenge notions of a singular and
tragic history for Indigenous Australia. Placing the films within their wider
cultural contexts, this article highlights the diversity of Indigenous
Australian cinematic expression and the varied ways in which history can be
reclaimed on film. However, it also shows that the content, form and
accessibility of both works are inextricably linked to the industry concerns and
material circumstances of the day. This is a crucial and overlooked aspect of
film analysis and has implications for a more nuanced appreciation of Indigenous
film as a cultural archive.
Neural precursors of decisions that matter—an ERP study of deliberate and arbitrary choice
Authors: Maoz Uri , Yaffe Gideon , Koch Christof , Mudrik Liad
Published: October 2019

The readiness potential (RP)—a key ERP correlate of upcoming action—is known to precede subjects' reports of their decision to move. Some view this as evidence against a causal role for consciousness in human decision-making and thus against free-will. But previous work focused on arbitrary decisions—purposeless, unreasoned, and without consequences. It remains unknown to what degree the RP generalizes to deliberate, more ecological decisions. We directly compared deliberate and arbitrary decision-making during a $1000-donation task to non-profit organizations. While we found the expected RPs for arbitrary decisions, they were strikingly absent for deliberate ones. Our results and drift-diffusion model are congruent with the RP representing accumulation of noisy, random fluctuations that drive arbitrary—but not deliberate—decisions. They further point to different neural mechanisms underlying deliberate and arbitrary decisions, challenging the generalizability of studies that argue for no causal role for consciousness in decision-making to real-life decisions.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Rhabdo-immunodeficiency virus, a murine model of acute HIV-1 infection
Authors: Liberatore Rachel A , Mastrocola Emily J , Cassella Elena , Schmidt Fabian , Willen Jessie R , Voronin Dennis , Zang Trinity M , Hatziioannou Theodora , Bieniasz Paul D
Published: October 2019

Numerous challenges have impeded HIV-1 vaccine development. Among these is the lack of a convenient small animal model in which to study antibody elicitation and efficacy. We describe a chimeric Rhabdo-Immunodeficiency virus (RhIV) murine model that recapitulates key features of HIV-1 entry, tropism and antibody sensitivity. RhIVs are based on vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV), but viral entry is mediated by HIV-1 Env proteins from diverse HIV-1 strains. RhIV infection of transgenic mice expressing human CD4 and CCR5, exclusively on mouse CD4+ cells, at levels mimicking those on human CD4+ T-cells, resulted in acute, resolving viremia and CD4+ T-cell depletion. RhIV infection elicited protective immunity, and antibodies to HIV-1 Env that were primarily non-neutralizing and had modest protective efficacy following passive transfer. The RhIV model enables the convenient in vivo study of HIV-1 Env-receptor interactions, antiviral activity of antibodies and humoral responses against HIV-1 Env, in a genetically manipulatable host.
High-responsivity turbostratic stacked graphene photodetectors using enhanced photogating
Authors: Shimatani Masaaki , Yamada Naoki , Fukushima Shoichiro , Okuda Satoshi , Ogawa Shinpei , Ikuta Takashi , Maehashi Kenzo
Published: October 2019

High-responsivity graphene photodetectors were fabricated using turbostratic stacked graphene, which provided enhanced photogating. Photogating is a promising means of increasing the responsivity of graphene photodetectors, and this effect is proportional to carrier mobility. Turbostratic stacked graphene exhibits higher carrier mobility than conventional monolayer graphene because it has the same band structure as monolayer graphene while preventing scattering by the underlying SiO2 layer. The photoresponse of these devices at a wavelength of 642 nm was approximately twice that obtained for a conventional monolayer graphene photodetector. The results reported show the feasibility of producing high-responsivity graphene-based photodetectors using a simple fabrication technique.
Profiling and bioinformatic analysis reveal differential microRNA expression in the left and right kidneys in normal mice
Authors: Gao Yuanxu , Yang Weili , Jin Ling , Xue Lixiang , Yang Jichun , Cui Qinghua
Published: October 2019

Physiological and pathophysiological differences exist between the left and right kidneys; however, the molecular bases for these differences remain unknown. Since miRNAs are involved in kidney function and the development of kidney diseases, we examined their differential expression through miRNA profiling of the left and right kidneys of normal mice. We find that 36 miRNAs exhibit higher expression, whereas 22 miRNAs show lower expression in the left than the right kidneys in mice under physiological condition. Ten miRNAs were further examined by quantitative PCR assays, and four of them with high expression level were confirmed by Northern blot. Through bioinformatic analysis, we dissected the function and network of the differentially expressed miRNAs, providing insights into the physiological and pathophysiological differences between the left and the right kidneys.
Mitochondrial carriers of Ustilago maydis and Aspergillus terreus involved in itaconate production: same physiological role but different biochemical features
Authors: Scarcia Pasquale , Gorgoglione Ruggiero , Messina Eugenia , Fiermonte Giuseppe , Blank Lars Mathias , Wierckx Nick , Palmieri Luigi , Agrimi Gennaro
Published: October 2019

Itaconic acid (IA) is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with applications in the manufacture of polymers. IA can be produced by fermentation using the fungi Aspergillus terreus or Ustilago maydis as biocatalysts. Indirect evidence has suggested that the mitochondrial carriers U. maydis Um_Mtt1 and A. terreus At_MttA export mitochondrially synthesized cis‐aconitate to the cytosol for IA synthesis using malate as a countersubstrate. Here, by assaying the transport features of recombinant Um_Mtt1 and At_MttA in reconstituted liposomes, we find that both proteins efficiently transport cis‐aconitate, but malate is well transported only by Um_Mtt1 and 2‐oxoglutarate only by At_MttA. Bioinformatic analysis shows that Um_Mtt1 and At_MttA form a distinctive mitochondrial carrier subfamily. Our data show that although fulfilling the same physiological task, Um_Mtt1 and At_MttA have different biochemical features.
Direct Visualization of Optical Activity in Chiral Substances Using a Helical Nanofilament (B4) Liquid Crystal Phase
Authors: Park Wongi , Wolska Joanna M. , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: October 2019

Detecting the chirality of material is very important in material science, chemistry, pharmacology, and biomaterial science because it is useful for identifying and discarding unintended side effects. Here, directly visualized is the optical activity of chiral samples using an orientation‐controlled helical nanofilament (HNF, B4) liquid crystal (LC) phase made of achiral bent‐shaped molecules. The vertical orientation of the HNFs is induced by shining unpolarized UV light. Right‐ or left‐handed domains of the HNFs are formed because of the lack of molecular chirality, each single‐handed domain is large enough to be seen with the naked eye, up to ≈several mm2. The periodic arrays of aligned HNFs reflect a specific color, here green, due to the Bragg reflection. Such a reflector enables an easy detection of optical activity of a sample placed on it. The device is tested with naturally chiral substances, like fructose and glucose, which exhibit opposite sense of optical activity, as well as with structurally chiral nematic LC phase and reveals high sensitivity of a detection.
Fine‐tuned, molecular‐composite, organosilica membranes for highly efficient propylene/propane separation via suitable pore size
Authors: Guo Meng , Kanezashi Masakoto , Nagasawa Hiroki , Yu Liang , Yamamoto Kazuki , Gunji Takahiro , Tsuru Toshinori
Published: October 2019

Fine‐tuned, molecular‐composite, organosilica membranes were fabricated via the co‐condensation of organosilica precursors bis(triethoxysilyl)acetylene (BTESA) and bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (BTESB). Fourier transform infrared and UV–vis spectra confirmed the co‐condensation behaviors of BTESA and BTESB. The evolution of the network structure indicated that the incorporated BTESB decreased the membrane pore size, which was determined by a modified gas translation model according to the steric effect of the phenyl groups. The incorporation of BTESB to BTESA finely tuned the membrane structure and endowed the resultant composite membrane with improved separation properties. The BTESAB 9:1 membrane (molar ratio of BTESA/BTESB was 9:1) exhibited high C3H6 permeance at 4.5 × 10−8 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and a C3H6/C3H8 permeance ratio of 33 at 50°C. One of the most important developments of this study involved clearly defining the relationship between membrane pore size and C3H6/C3H8 separation performance for organosilica membranes in single and binary separation systems.
Evaporative Cooling and Self‐Thermalization in an Open System of Interacting Fermions
Authors: Kolovsky Andrey R. , L. Shepelyansky Dima
Published: October 2019

Depletion dynamics of an open system of weakly interacting fermions with two‐body random interactions is studied. In this model, fermions are escaping from the high‐energy one‐particle orbitals, that mimics the evaporation process used in laboratory experiments with neutral atoms to cool them to ultra‐low temperatures. It is shown that due to self‐thermalization the system instantaneously adjusts to the new temperature which decreases with the course of time.
Deriving Structure‐Performance Relations of Chemically Modified Chitosan Binders for Sustainable High‐Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes
Authors: Kuenzel Matthias , Porhiel Regis , Bresser Dominic , Asenbauer Jakob , Axmann Peter , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret , Passerini Stefano
Published: October 2019

The implementation of aqueous electrode processing for lithium‐ion positive electrodes is key towards the realization of environmentally benign and cheap battery production. One of the water‐soluble binders that has attracted most attention is chitosan, the second‐most abundant natural biopolymer. Herein, the use of chitosan for high‐voltage, cobalt‐free LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes is reported for the first time. A detailed comparison of three different grades of chitosan with varying chain length and degrees of deacetylation (DD) is provided to explore the impact of these properties on the electrochemical performance. In fact, bio‐derived chitosan with a relatively lower DD outperforms synthetic chitosan‐especially after crosslinking with citric acid‐yielding about 10 % higher capacities. Higher molecular weight appears additionally advantageous for the cycling stability. Finally, guar gum is employed as slurry thickener, co‐crosslinking with chitosan. This allows for achieving 50 % higher mass loadings than for chitosan only and stable capacities above 130 and 120 mAh g−1 at C/3 and 1 C, respectively.
Prognosis in triple‐negative apocrine carcinomas of the breast: A population‐based study
Authors: Wu Wenyu , Wu Meiying , Peng Guowen , Shi Degang , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2019

Background

Triple‐negative apocrine carcinoma (TNAC) of the breast is a very rare type of breast cancer. Furthermore, the clinicopathological features, prognosis, and potential impact of treatment strategies in TNAC remain unclear.

Methods

Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were used to identify breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 with TNAC and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC, IDC [invasive ductal carcinoma], NOS [not otherwise specified]). Chi‐squared tests were used to examine the categorical variables between the two groups. Overall survival (OS) of TNAC and TNBC was assessed by Kaplan‐Meier analyses and Cox regression. Breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) was evaluated by Nelson‐Aalen analyses and competing risk regression.

Results

We identified 31 362 patients from the SEER database, including 366 patients with TNAC and 30 996 patients with TNBC. TNAC was correlated with older age, lower T stage and lower tumor grade. Patients with TNAC had better OS compared with TNBC patients; the 5‐year OS rates were 82.2% vs 73.5% (P < .001). The breast cancer‐related death rate was significantly lower in patients with TNAC than in patients with TNBC, with a 5‐year cumulative incidence of 9.1% vs 22.9% (P < .001). Chemotherapy was significantly associated with improved OS in TNAC patients, but radiotherapy was not associated with OS in TNAC patients. In the multivariable Cox regression, TNAC was still associated with improved OS (HR [hazard ratio], 0.61; 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.45‐0.83; P = .002). In the multivariable competing risk regression, the significantly higher BCSS in patients with TNAC compared patients with TNBC remained (subdistribution HR [SHR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27‐0.64; P < .001).

Conclusion

Patients with TNAC had a better prognosis than patients with TNBC, and chemotherapy was associated with survival advantages in TNAC patients.
High expression of ALDH1A3 might independently influence poor progression‐free and overall survival in patients with glioma via maintaining glucose uptake and lactate production
Authors: Ni Wei , Xia Yaoxiong , Luo Lin , Wen Fan , Hu Dong , Bi Yuxu , Qi Junhui
Published: October 2019

Recent studies have found that the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) gene is a marker of glioma stem cells. A total of 115 brain glioma specimens were collected and classified into grade I–IV, while non‐tumor brain tissue specimens, taken from 12 patients of vascular malformation surgery, were used as control. ALDH1A3 gene promoter methylation in glioma tissues was detected by pyrosequencing, while immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect ALDH1A3 protein expressions in different grades of glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. The expression of ALDH1A3 in the glioma cell line U87 was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and RNA‐Seq technology was applied to investigate differentially expressed genes before and after silencing the ALDH1A3 gene. Among the 115 glioma tissue specimens, 50 (43.48%) showed low and 65 (56.52%) high expression of ALDH1A3, but no expression was detected in the control. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses showed that the patient's tumor pathological grade, the methylation status of ALDH1A3 promoter, and the expression of ALDH1A3 protein were risk factors for progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (all P < 0.05) and the OS of mice with silenced ALDH1A3 in a glioma nude mouse model was prolonged. U87 experiments revealed that ALDH1A3 expression had significant effects on apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, glucose consumption, lactate production, invasion ability, and expression of the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in glioma cells. ALDH1A3 protein expression is a marker for poor PFS and OS in glioma patients.
Assessment of repeat target lesion percutaneous coronary intervention as a quality measure for public reporting and general quality assessment for PCIs
Authors: Hannan Edward L. , Zhong Ye , Ling Frederick S. K. , Tamis‐Holland Jacqueline , Berger Peter B. , Jacobs Alice K. , Walford Gary , Venditti Ferdinand J. , King Spencer B.
Published: October 2019

Background

Target lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (TLPCI) within 1 year of PCI has been proposed by critics of public reporting of short‐term mortality as an alternative measure for PCI reporting.

Methods

New York's PCI registry was used to identify 1‐year repeat TLPCI and 1‐year repeat TLPCI/mortality for patients discharged between December 1, 2013 and November 30, 2014. Significant independent predictors of the outcomes were identified. Hospital and cardiologist risk‐adjusted outcomes were calculated, and outlier status and correlations of risk‐adjusted rates were examined for the three outcomes.

Results

The adverse outcome rates were 1.30, 4.21, and 8.97% for in‐hospital/30‐day mortality, 1‐year repeat TLPCI, and 1‐year repeat TLPCI/mortality. There were many commonalities but also many differences in significant predictors of the outcomes. Hospital and cardiologist risk‐adjusted 1‐year repeat TLPCI rates and repeat TLPCI/mortality rates were poorly correlated with risk‐adjusted in‐hospital/30‐day mortality rates (eg, Spearman R = −.16 [p = .23] and .27 [p = .04], respectively, for hospital 1‐year repeat TLPCI vs. in‐hospital/30‐day mortality). Many more providers were found to have significantly higher and lower rates for repeat TLPCI than for short‐term mortality.

Conclusions

Hospital and cardiologist quality assessments are very different for TLPCI and repeat TLPCI/mortality than they are for short‐term mortality. Repeat TLPCI/mortality rates are highly correlated with repeat TLPCI rates, but outlier providers differ. More study of repeat TLPCI and all the patient, cardiologist, and hospital factors associated with it may be required before using it as a supplement to, or in lieu of, short‐term mortality in public reporting of PCI outcomes.
Local and generalized sensitization of thermally evoked defensive behavior in caterpillars
Authors: Mukherjee Ritwika , Trimmer Barry A.
Published: October 2019

In addition to camouflage and chemical toxicity, many caterpillars defend themselves against predators with sudden sharp movements. For smaller species, these movements propel the body away from the threat, but in larger caterpillars, such as the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, the movement is a defensive strike targeted to a noxious stimulus on the abdomen. Previously, strikes have been studied using mechanical stimulation like poking or pinching the insect, but such stimuli are hard to control. They also introduce mechanical perturbations that interfere with measurements of the behavior. We have now established that strike behavior can be evoked using infra‐red lasers to provide a highly localized and repeatable heat stimulus. The latency from the end of an effective stimulus to the start of head movement decreased with repeated stimuli and this effect generalized to other stimulus locations indicating a centrally mediated component of sensitization. The tendency to strike increased with two successive subthreshold stimuli. When delivered to different locations or to a single site, this split‐pulse stimulation revealed an additional site‐specific sensitization that has not previously been described in Manduca. Previous work shows that strong stimuli increases the effectiveness of sensory stimulation by activating a long‐lasting muscarinic cation current in motoneurons. Injection of muscarinic cholinergic antagonists, scopolamine methyl bromide or quinuclidinyl benzilate, only decreased the strike probability evoked by paired stimuli at two locations and not at a single site. This strongly suggests a role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the generalized sensitization of nociceptive responses in caterpillars.
Crystal Structure and Reversible Photochromism of Pb(II)‐N,N‐Dimethylformamide Modified Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates
Authors: Pang Tao , Zhou Zhen , Li Dong , Liu Hong , Zhang Zhanshu , Qi Liwei , Song Chao‐Yu , Gao Guang‐Gang , Lv Yuguang
Published: October 2019

Two Pb(II)‐DMF complex modified Keggin‐type polyoxometalate compounds, [Pb(DMF)7]2[SiW12O40] 2DMF (1) and [Pb(DMF)4(H2O)2][Pb2(μ2‐DMF)2(DMF)8][PW12O40]2 (2) (DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide), have been demonstrated in this work. Both 1 and 2 are characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV–vis spectra, and elemental analyses. The crystal structure analysis indicates that compound 1 is composed of Pb(II)‐DMF complex and Keggin‐type [SiW12O40]4− polyoxoanion, in which the Pb2+ coordinates to the polyoxoanion by different Pb−O bonds, while compound 2 is composed of [Pb(DMF)4(H2O)2]2+, dimeric [Pb2(μ2‐DMF)2(DMF)8]4+ cations, and two kinds of Keggin‐type [PW12O40]2− polyoxoanions. By ultraviolet irradiation, both 1 and 2 display the reversible color change from white (for 1) or light yellow (for 2) to blue, which can be applied as new crystalline photochromic materials. Upon heating, the blue color of the two compounds can be recovered within 5 min. The successful syntheses of compounds 1 and 2 provide a new route for the design and synthesis of reversible photochromic crystalline materials.
Consider students with disabilities when making campus disaster plans
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2019

BOSTON — During campus crises and emergencies, students with disabilities need to have plans in place that might include help from others. What if a student in a wheelchair needs to be evacuated from a building but can't take the elevator because the power is out? asked Spencer Scruggs, M.S., Assistant Director of the Student Disability Resource Center at Florida State University.
Fossil evidence of evolutionary convergence in juvenile dental morphology and upper canine replacement in sabertooth carnivores
Authors: Wysocki Matthew Aleksander
Published: October 2019

The convergent suite of morphological traits characterizing the mammalian sabertooth ecomorphology is well documented, including modifications of the dental and osteological portions of the masticatory apparatus from a less‐specialized carnivore condition. Equally important is how those specialized adult morphologies developed through ontogeny because previous studies have shown that growing such specialized craniodental traits may require evolutionary modification of growth patterns and tooth replacement mechanisms. Despite the understanding of convergent morphological specialization in adult sabertooth carnivores, the possibility of a convergent ontogenetic trajectory toward those adult morphologies has not been rigorously examined. The present study examines numerous previously undescribed juvenile nimravid specimens. The results provide insights about nimravid ontogeny and show, for the first time, that the nimravid sabertooth lineage included species in which the permanent upper canine erupted within a lingual concavity of the deciduous upper canine until it reached comparable crown height beyond the alveolar border. Furthermore, this investigation assesses the juvenile morphology and upper canine replacement of felid and barbourofelid sabertooth taxa. The results provide evidence of convergence in deciduous upper canine morphology of three sabertooth carnivore lineages (i.e., nimravid, felid, and barbourofelid), as well as preliminary evidence of convergence in the upper canine replacement process. It might be beneficial for studies of extreme morphological specialization to simultaneously consider convergence in adult morphologies and how morphologies change through ontogeny.
Recognizing five molecular ligand‐binding sites with similar chemical structure
Authors: Hu Xiuzhen , Ge Riletu , Feng Zhenxing
Published: October 2019

Accurate identification of ligand‐binding sites and discovering the protein–ligand interaction mechanism are important for understanding proteins' functions and designing new drugs. Meanwhile, accurate computational prediction and mechanism research are two grand challenges in proteomics. In this article, ligand‐binding residues of five ligands (ATP, ADP, GTP, GDP, and NAD) are predicted as a group, due to their similar chemical structures and close biological function relations. The data set of binding sites by five ligands (ATP, ADP, GTP, GDP, and NAD) are collated from Biolip database. Then, five features, containing increment of diversity value, matrix scoring value, auto‐covariance, secondary structure information, and surface accessibility information are used in binding site predictions. The support vector machine (SVM) model is used with the five features to predict ligand‐binding sites. Finally, prediction results are tested by fivefold cross validation. Accuracy (Acc) of five ligands (ATP, ADP, GTP, GDP, and NAD) achieves 77.4%, 71.2%, 82.1%, 82.9%, and 85.3%, respectively; and Matthew correlation coefficient (MCC) of the above five ligands achieves 0.549, 0.424, 0.643, 0.659, and 0.702, respectively. The research result shows that for ligands with similar chemical structures, microenvironment of their binding sites and their sensitivities to features are similar, while, differences of their ligand‐binding properties exist at the same time. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frontline Science: Targeting the TLR7 signalosome assembly
Authors: Javmen Artur , Szmacinski Henryk , Lakowicz Joseph R , Toshchakov Vladimir Y
Published: October 2019

TLRs sense a broad range of microbial molecules and initiate antimicrobial immune response. The members of the TLR family use cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1R homology (TIR) domain to initiate intracellular signaling. The activated TLRs dimerize their TIRs and recruit adapter proteins to the dimer, through multiple interactions of receptor and adapter TIR domains. Although TLRs play an essential role in innate immunity, the aberrant TLR signaling may cause pathogenic inflammation. This study has screened a library of cell-permeable decoy peptides (CPDPs) derived from the TLR7 TIR for interference with TLR7 signaling and identified new CPDPs that target the TLR7 signalosome assembly. Peptides 7R1, 7R6, 7R9, and 7R11 inhibited the TLR7-induced signaling in murine and human macrophages. The most potent inhibitory peptide of the four, 7R11, significantly reduced the systemic cytokine levels elicited by administration of a TLR7 agonist to mice. TLR7 TIR surface regions that correspond to inhibitory peptides generally corresponded to four TIR sites that mediate signalosome assembly for other TLRs. The cell-based Förster resonance energy transfer/fluorescence lifetime imaging confirmed that 7R9 and 7R11 interact with adapter TIRs. These findings clarify the molecular mechanisms that trigger the adapter recruitment to activated TLR7 and suggest that 7R9 and 7R11 have a significant translational potential as candidate or lead therapeutics for treatment of TLR7-related inflammatory diseases.
Does advance booking matter in hedonic pricing? A new multivariate approach
Authors: Guizzardi Andrea , Angelini Giovanni , Pons Flavio Maria Emanuele
Published: October 2019

We consider prices across the advance bookings as a multivariate variable, modelling the time effect by means of a structural vector autoregression. Its unit‐specific fixed effect is taken as the dependent variable in a set of hedonic regressions allowing us to estimate the marginal contribution to price of the (time‐invariant) attributes along the price trajectory. Results from our two‐step approach indicate that although past occupancy rates, events, bank holidays, and seasonality differentiate pricing strategies across advance bookings, time‐invariant services/attributes tend to increase in hedonic value as the advance booking period decreases, reducing the contribution of dynamic pricing.
Effect of Vocal Fold Implant Placement on Depth of Vibration and Vocal Output
Authors: Smith Simeon L. , Titze Ingo R. , Storck Claudio , Mau Ted
Published: October 2019

Objective

Most type 1 thyroplasty implants and some common injectable materials are mechanically stiff. Placing them close to the supple vocal fold mucosa can potentially dampen vibration and adversely impact phonation, yet this effect has not been systematically investigated. This study aims to examine the effect of implant depth on vocal fold vibration and vocal output.

Study Design

Computational simulation.

Methods

Voice production was simulated with a fiber‐gel finite element computational model that incorporates a three‐layer vocal fold composition (superficial lamina propria, vocal ligament, thyroarytenoid muscle). Implants of various depths were simulated, with a “deeper” or more medial implant positioned closer to the vocal fold mucosa and replacing more muscle elements. Trajectories of surface and within‐tissue nodal points during vibration were produced. Outcome measures were the trajectory radii, fundamental frequency (F0), sound pressure level (SPL), and smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) as a function of implant depth.

Results

Amplitude of vibration at the vocal fold medial surface was reduced by an implant depth of as little as 14% of the total transverse vocal fold depth. Increase in F0 and decrease in CPPS were noted beyond 30% to 40% implant depth, and SPL decreased beyond 40% to 60% implant depth.

Conclusions

Commonly used implants can dampen vibration “from a distance,” ie, even without being immediately adjacent to vocal fold mucosa. Since implants are typically placed at depths examined in this study, stiff implants likely have a negative vocal impact in a subset of patients. Softer materials may be preferable, especially in bilateral medialization procedures.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 130:2192–2198, 2020
Management of sporadic vestibular schwannoma with contralateral nonserviceable hearing
Authors: Jia Huan , Nguyen Yann , De Seta Daniele , Hochet Baptiste , Smail Mustapha , Bernardeschi Daniele , Wu Hao , Mosnier Isabelle , Kalamarides Michel , Sterkers Olivier
Published: October 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

To outline a possible decision‐making process for sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) with contralateral nonserviceable hearing at diagnosis.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Diagnosed VS was studied in a tertiary referral center from 1995 to 2013.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were included, with a mean follow‐up of 6.9 years (range = 0.5–20 years). Ten were stage 1, 10 were stage 2, five were stage 3, and three were stage 4. Ipsilateral hearing levels were A (n = 3), B (n = 10), C (n = 7) and D (n = 8) American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery classification. Contralateral hearing levels were C (n = 11) and D (n = 17). Initial VS management included surveillance (n = 12) or surgery (n = 16), and four patients were later treated with surgery (n = 3) or stereotactic irradiation (n = 1). Hearing was improved by hearing aids and/or etiological treatment (n = 8), restored by contralateral (n = 15) or ipsilateral (n = 4) cochlear implants (CIs), or ipsilateral auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) (n = 3). Finally, 18 CIs were active daily; 14 of them presented high or moderate benefit with mean open‐set dissyllabic word scores (WRS) of 58.1% and sentence recognition scores (SRS) of 69.7%, but only one ABI was still active (WRS of 70% and SRS of 87% with lip reading).

Conclusions

When early removal of VS was not necessary, contralateral CI or etiological treatment for hearing loss might be recommended initially. Ipsilateral CI is proposed, whereas VS should be operated on if previous hearing restoration was not successful. ABI should be reserved for the rare cases where a contralateral CI could not be implanted or the cochlear nerve was sectioned during VS removal.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 130:E407–E415, 2020
Effect of Imidazolium Monomer Structure on Properties of Imidazolium‐Functionalized Self‐Healing UV‐Cured Polymers for Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Han Jiwei , Gong Haoran , Jiang Shengling , Gao Yanjing , Nie Jun , Sun Fang
Published: October 2019

Self‐healing UV‐cured polymeric materials based on ionic interactions possess many distinct advantages such as reliability, long lifetime, and green preparation process, and thus obtain great potential development. In this work, a series of UV‐curable imidazolium monomers with different structures are designed and synthesized, and then imidazolium ionic interaction‐based self‐healing materials are prepared through fast and eco‐friendly UV‐curing technology. Also, the structures of imidazolium monomers on properties of self‐healing UV‐cured polymers are investigated. The results show that the structures of imidazolium monomers have no obvious influences on photopolymerization properties of the polymers. The hydroxyl group and polar ether chains in imidazolium monomers can increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers. The large substituent at 1‐position of the imidazole ring enhances tensile strain of the polymers due to the reduction of the intermolecular force. The intermolecular forces and content of imidazole ionic groups all affect self‐healing efficiency of the polymers. The polymer containing HD‐IM‐E with a long and nonpolar pendent side chains exhibits an excellent self‐healing efficiency (>90%) and can be healed repeatedly. Importantly, the self‐healing polymer can also be used as a flexible electronic substrate to fabricate a flexible electronic device with good self‐healing function.
Combination of QF‐PCR and aCGH is an efficient diagnostic strategy for the detection of chromosome aberrations in recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Lovrečić Luca , Pereza Nina , Jaklič Helena , Ostojić Saša , Peterlin Borut
Published: October 2019

Background

Our aim was to conduct a comprehensive genetic evaluation using the combination of QF‐PCR (quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction) and aCGH (array comparative genomic hybridization) for the detection of the frequency and type of chromosome aberrations in recurrent miscarriage (RM) in the clinical setting.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted on 73 first‐trimester products of conception (POC) between September 2014 and February 2017. The POCs were collected from 73 women with at least one previous miscarriage and analyzed for chromosomal anomalies using QF‐PCR and aCGH as part of the routine clinical evaluation.

Results

Chromosome aberrations were detected in 52/73 POCs (71.2%), of which 41 (56.2%) were identified by QF‐PCR and an additional 11 (15.1%) by aCGH. Numerical aberrations constituted 92.3% of abnormalities, with trisomies as the most common subtype (72.9%). Causative structural aberrations were found in three samples (5.8%). The frequency of chromosome aberrations was not dependent on the number of previous miscarriages, whereas it significantly increased with advanced maternal age.

Conclusion

Our results confirm that chromosome aberrations are the most common cause of RM and that QF‐PCR and aCGH combination should be included in the routine genetic analysis of POCs of couples with miscarriage.
Anisotropic meta‐models for computationally expensive simulations in nonlinear mechanics
Authors: Menga Edoardo , Sánchez María J. , Romero Ignacio
Published: October 2019

Nonintrusive methods are now established in the engineering community as a pragmatic approach for the uncertainty quantification (UQ) and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of complex models. However, especially for computationally expensive models, both types of analyses can only be completed by employing surrogates that replace the original models and are considerably less expensive. This work studies the construction of accurate and predictive meta‐models for their use in both UQ and GSA, and their application to complex problems in nonlinear mechanics. In particular, meta‐models based on radial functions are examined and enhanced with anisotropic metrics for improved predictiveness and cost effectiveness. Three numerical examples illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology.
What drives organic food consumption in Lebanon?
Authors: Tleis Malak , Callieris Roberta , Al Bitar Lina , Roma Rocco , Thøgersen John
Published: October 2019

To increase the sparse knowledge about what drives organic food consumers in developing markets, Lebanese consumers' reasons and motives for buying organic food are studied in the framework of means‐end chain theory. A sample of N = 180 Lebanese consumers was interviewed in several retail outlets using a hard laddering questionnaire. The data were subjected to frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and structural equation modelling. Hierarchal value maps constructed from the laddering interviews revealed that “quality of life,” “pleasure,” and “peace of mind” are the main values driving organic food consumption in Lebanon. Frequent organic consumers displayed higher concern for their family's health and for the environment, whereas occasional organic consumers cared more about their own pleasure and were more likely to perceive organic food as a traditional and nostalgic product. Structural equation modelling revealed that “care for nature” and “care for children's health” significantly affect consumers' (self‐reported) purchasing behaviour. The found means‐end chains are a useful basis for marketing campaigns for organic food products in the Lebanese market. One focus of marketing campaigns should be raising consumers' awareness on the environmental benefits of organic production and the fact that it does not allow the use of harmful chemical products.
Bond behavior of epoxy resin–polydicyclopentadiene phase separated interpenetrating networks for adhering carbon fiber reinforced polymer to steel
Authors: Liu Meng , Rohde Brian J. , Krishnamoorti Ramanan , Robertson Megan L. , Dawood Mina
Published: October 2019

The performance of bonded joints of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and steel relies on the mechanical properties of the adhesive used. Despite the high strength and modulus of epoxy adhesives, their brittleness limits their application to defect‐sensitive structures. The development of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), either homogeneous or phase separated, provides a route to toughen the epoxy while maintaining its high strength and modulus. Microphase separated IPNs consisting of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A‐based epoxy resin and a thermoset with high toughness, polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD), has been previously shown to demonstrate superior combinations of strength and toughness. This work investigates the most critical adhesive properties that affect bond strength by characterizing CFRP‐steel double‐lap shear joints containing the epoxy resin–PDCPD blend as the adhesive, using a wet lay‐up manufacturing technique. The epoxy resin–PDCPD blend adhesives realized much higher bond strengths compared to either neat epoxy or neat PDCPD. Correlations between the bond strength and the bulk material properties are presented. Theoretical calculation of the bond strength indicates that the higher bond strength that can be achieved by using the epoxy resin–PDCPD blend adhesive is due to the increased shear toughness of the new formulations. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:104–112, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Glass‐transition temperature governs the thermal decrosslinking behavior of Diels–Alder crosslinked polymethacrylate networks
Authors: Dobbins Daniel J. , Scheutz Georg M. , Sun Hao , Crouse Christopher A. , Sumerlin Brent S.
Published: October 2019

A series of Diels–Alder (DA) crosslinked polymethacrylate networks covering a broad range of glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) was prepared to establish the relationship between the Tg and the thermal decrosslinking behavior of these networks. A series of permanently crosslinked and uncrosslinked analogues were also prepared to better understand the thermoset‐to‐thermoplastic transition occurring in the DA networks at elevated temperatures. The network series were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis, which established an inverse relationship between Tg and decrosslinking ability. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the viability of the DA linkages in all formulations, and a trapping experiment with 9‐anthracenemethanol demonstrated that even the least responsive network was capable of undergoing decrosslinking given appropriate thermal treatment. While polymer chain mobility has long been understood to be a critical factor in healable materials, this work verifies the importance of this parameter in the decrosslinking of DA networks. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 193–203