bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A educação ambiental através da reutilização do óleo de cozinha na educação infantil
Authors: Krügel Djiane Francine , Benedetti Ana Caroline Paim , Hillig Clayton , Araújo Luiz Ernani Bonesso de , Machado Paulo Romeu Moreira
Published: October 2019

O trabalho apresenta uma iniciativa de Educação Ambiental realizada durante o segundo semestre de 2018, em uma Escola de Educação de Educação Infantil de Crissiumal-RS, envolvendo as turmas do Maternal I e Maternal II, professores e pais dos educandos na construção de conhecimentos ambientais relacionados ao óleo residual de cozinha e a sua utilização para a produção de sabão. O trabalho se insere na modalidade de pesquisa-ação, realiza sondagem dos conhecimentos dos sujeitos envolvidos e intervêm para uma mudança de atitude para promover o descarte correto do óleo residual de cozinha. Dentre as atividades realizadas estão a produção de um panfleto informativo, questionamento e atividade lúdica que realizam uma sondagem quanto ao descarte do óleo residual de cozinha, uma palestra e a produção do sabão como forma alternativa e sustentável de descarte. Os resultados mostraram os avanços nas concepções quanto ao descarte do óleo residual de cozinha e uma reformulação de ações voltadas a preservação do meio ambiente. A palestra e a produção de sabão mostraram-se essenciais para essa mudança de percepção e potencializaram a disseminação do conhecimento ambiental, que foi levado ao ambiente escolar e familiar, promovendo uma nova postura quanto ao descarte do óleo residual de cozinha.
Relacionamento interpessoal
Authors: Goulart Bethania Ferreira , Parreira Bibiane Dias Miranda , Noce Letícia Gabriela de Almeida , Henriques Silvia Helena , Simões Ana Lucia de Assis , Chaves Lucieli Dias Pedreschi
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: identificar comportamientos facilitadores y dificultadores del trabajo en grupo en el equipo multiprofesional de la unidad coronaria desde la perspectiva de la relación entre profesionales. Método: investigación descriptiva, cualitativa según la técnica del incidente crítico, realizada en la unidad coronaria de un hospital público de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos se recogieron con entrevistas semiestructuradas a 45 profesionales del equipo multiprofesional. Criterio de inclusión: mínimo de 12 meses en la unidad; criterio de exclusión: bajo licencia de trabajo en la época de recogida de datos y después de 3 veces de no haberlo encontrado para la entrevista. Análisis de datos basado en el análisis de contenido y en la técnica del incidente crítico. Resultados: hubo 218 comportamientos, 113 positivos y 105 negativos, vinculados a la relación interpersonal en el trabajo en equipo. Se identificaron 3 categorías: colaborar con el compañero, intercambiar información con otro agente e interactuar con el compañero. Predominaron comportamientos facilitadores tales como la comunicación entre los agentes. Conclusiones: se observó que el personal se esmera para superar los obstáculos buscando implementar el trabajo en equipo como potencia para actuar sobre el objeto de trabajo y lograr la finalidad del trabajo en salud.
Trabalho de parto e o parto
Authors: Salimena Anna Maria Oliveira , Paula Michelle Barbosa Moratório , Souza Ívis Emilia Oliveira , Queiroz Ana Beatriz Azevedo , Amorim Thais Vasconselos , Melo Maria Carmen Simões Cardoso
Published: October 2019

Introducción: la implementación de buenas prácticas en el trabajo de parto y el parto es una acción potente para proporcionar más comodidad y autonomía a la mujer durante ese evento. Los profesionales de salud juegan un papel importante ya deben brindar atención prenatal a las mujeres embarazadas y garantizarles acceso a la información sobre el hecho. Método: se trata de una investigación cualitativa con un enfoque fenomenológico basada en el marco teórico, filosófico y metodológico de Martin Heidegger. Su objetivo es comprender los significados y develar los sentidos de la experiencia del trabajo de parto y del parto. El escenario fue el centro de parto normal de un hospital del interior del estado de Minas Gerais. Participaron 15 mujeres que habían tenido parto vaginal. Las entrevistas abiertas se realizaron en julio y agosto de 2014 Resultados: del análisis comprensivo surgió la unidad de significado en el proceso de parto: el suero aumenta el dolor, la ducha ayuda y se fortalecen al ser escuchadas. La hermenéutica de Heidegger reveló los sentidos de estar con, ser de posibilidades, la solicitud sustitutivo-dominadora y la solicitud anticipativo- liberadora. Conclusión: las mujeres mostraron que la valoración del equipo médico y de enfermería no se limita a la ejecución de tareas porque se sienten mejor atendidas cuando los profesionales las ven como seres capaces de hacer elecciones.
Assistência prestada às mulheres que foram submetidas à cesariana por parada de progressão
Authors: Queiroz Rafaela Roque , Lima Margarete Maria de , Gregorio Vitória Regina Petters , Collaço Vania Sorgatto
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de las mujeres que se somenten a cesárea debido a parada de progresión acerca de la atención brindada en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 13 mujeres que se sometieron a cesárea debido a parada de progresión en el trabajo de parto. La recogida de datos se realizó entre el 1o de agosto y el 30 de septiembre de 2017. Los datos recogidos se analizaron mediante procedimientos de análisis temáticos. Resultados y discusión: las categorías emergentes fueron: la atención fragmentada durante el parto, las buenas prácticas en el cuidado de las parturientas y la preferencia por el modo de parto y la derivación a la cesárea. Los datos mostraron que la atención brindada en el centro obstétrico está fragmentada, realizada por varios profesionales. Las mejores prácticas para la humanización del parto identificadas fueron: apoyo emocional y físico y métodos no farmacológicos de alivio del dolor, realizadas generalmente por la enfermera obstétrica. La mayoría de las mujeres preferían el parto normal durante el embarazo pero se sometieron a cesárea y consideraron su trabajo de parto como un poceso que requirió intervención debido a falla corporal en la evolución del trabajo de parto. Consideraciones finales: en la percepción de las mujeres, la enfermera obstétrica se destacó entre los profesionales del equipo en la atención durante el trabajo de parto, pero esa atención no se configurón como un apoyo continuo. Se recomienda la calificación de los profesionales de la maternidad de este hospital para la asistencia humanizada e integral a las necesidades de las parturientas.
Discursividade de agentes comunitários de saúde acerca do cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com doença crônica na atenção primária
Authors: Ramalho Elisabeth Luisa Rodrigues , Silva Maria Elizabete de Amorim , Machado Amanda Narciso , Vaz Elenice Maria Cecchetti , Souza Maria Helena do Nascimento , Collet Neusa
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: destacar el discurso de los agentes comunitarios de salud sobre la contribución de sus acciones al manejo de la enfermedad crónica de niños y adolescentes en la atención primaria. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado en una ciudad del estado de Paraiba, entre noviembre de 2015 y mayo de 2016, con 10 agentes comunitarios de salud del programa Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Los datos se recogieron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y se interpretaron en base al análisis del discurso. Resultados: se observó que en la atención primaria las acciones no satisfacen las necesidades específicas de salud de los niños y adolescentes con enfermedad crónica y por ello precisan monitoreo de servicios especializados. Discusión: se realizan visitas a domicilio para lograr los objetivos. La atención está desarticulada entre los miembro del equipo y se centra en afecciones agudas o en actualizar recetas. A pesar de estas debilidades, el proceso de trabajo de los agentes comunitarios de salud permite la escucha calificada, confianza y seguridad en la relación con la familia y la posibilidad de establecer vínculos. Se realza que los agentes comunitarios de salud reconocen la importancia de la atención amplia y eficaz para esta población, de conocer sus demandas, el contexto social y el desarrollo de los proyectos terapéuticos atípicos. Conclusión: los agentes comunitarios de salud deben ser concientes de las necesidades de los niños y adolescentes con enfermedad crónica y de sus familias y buscar la comunicación efectiva entre los equipos para trazar acciones de cuidado compartidas con miras al manejo calificado de la enfermedad crónica.
Práticas do gerencialismo no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano
Authors: Ribeiro Ravel Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

A administração pública no Brasil experimentou, ao longo de sua história, três modelos evolutivos, a saber: administração patrimonialista, administração burocrática e administração gerencial. Tais modelos passaram por processos graduais de evolução, sem que tenham sido totalmente eliminados no campo prático. O intuito do presente artigo é revelar a presença do gerencialismo, por meio de ferramentas tecnológica gerenciais, no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano. Para chegar a tal ponto, o trabalho foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa do que é próprio e peculiar do novo modelo supracitado nos aspectos extra e intrainstitucional.
Discursos midiáticos sobre questões ambientais: um estudo na perspectiva das representações sociais
Authors: Siqueira Leonardo de Miranda , Gomes Elizabeth Moreira , Silva Carlos Augusto Pereira da , Rocha Maria Isabel Antunes
Published: October 2019

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que enunciados só adquirem sentido nos contextos em que são produzidos, apresentando significações diferenciadas, a partir de quem, como e para quem são pronunciados, e em que suportes são veiculados. Considera-se, então, que as mídias podem contribuir significativamente para a aquisição de hábitos e costumes de leitores, além de apresentarem uma perspectiva ideológica de quem produz, com possíveis contrapontos às ideologias de quem os recebe. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário destacar a importância do gênero textual propaganda que, ao divulgar um produto, veicula uma representação do produtor, e busca alcançar a adesão não apenas de consumidores diretos, mas também de parcelas da população. Posto isto, o presente trabalho tem como objeto de discussão propagandas da empresa Monsanto - empresa de produção agrícola em escala mundial, bem como propagandas de ONGs, cujo objetivo é esclarecer à população sobre a questão da soberania alimentar. A estrutura do artigo fundamenta-se em uma discussão inicial acerca de concepções de educação ambiental, soberania alimentar, agroecologia e representações sociais, buscando identificar, nos textos escolhidos, as concepções que os permeiam, bem como os ‘lugares’ sociais que buscam ocupar aqueles que os produzem. As discussões valem-se de subsídios explicitados pela Teoria das Representações Sociais, pela Análise do Discurso e pela Teoria Sociointeracionista da linguagem. Dessa maneira, foram analisados um total de quatro textos, sendo dois da Monsanto e dois de ONGs de diferentes países. O objetivo é apresentar contrapontos e relações entre os discursos, observando como esses podem se constituir ou se valer de representações sociais já constituídas para alcançar a aderência do consumidor. Contextualizam-se as mídias a partir de suas condições de produção, determinando o público-alvo de seus discursos e ações, retratadas nas propagandas. A perspectiva teórica e metodológica considera, além das teorias mencionadas, a Teoria do Agendamento. As conclusões iniciais que se podem inferir relacionam-se à percepção da mídia como produtora de um tratamento da informação refratando informações que podem contribuir para a construção/consolidação de representações sociais e a existência de uma dicotomia, propagada pela mídia.
QUAND L’ÉTAT APPAUVRIT LES FEMMES
Authors: Albert Hélène , Savoie Lise , Lanteigne Isabel , Savoie Elda , Hinse Elyse
Published: October 2019

Cet article présente des résultats d’une recherche qualitative portant sur la fragilité des conditions symboliques et matérielles dans lesquelles le travail de soins à domicile se déploie au Nouveau-Brunswick. Dans cette province, l’État, dans le développement de politiques sociales en matière de santé et de services sociaux, souhaite que le secteur des soins à domicile devienne la pierre angulaire de son système de santé dans une volonté de maintenir des personnes âgées à demeurer à domicile le plus longtemps possible. Ce faisant le modèle de livraison de service développé repose sur une organisation qui implique l’embauche de travailleuses de soins à domicile devenant ainsi un secteur d’activités qui se caractérise par une surreprésentation féminine de la main-d’oeuvre. Au Nouveau-Brunswick, les femmes qui oeuvrent dans ce secteur sont soumises à des conditions de travail précaires qui les maintiennent dans la pauvreté. Les résultats révèlent ainsi que la précarité de ces travailleuses est accentuée par les conditions matérielles difficiles. En effet, le salaire, l’horaire de travail, les avantages sociaux, les dépenses ou les frais afférents à leur travail sont au nombre de ces conditions qui les maintiennent dans des conditions précaires. Pourtant, ces femmes jouent un rôle essentiel dans notre société, elles qui, par leur travail du care, assument des responsabilités professionnelles fondamentales au maintien du lien social. C’est donc tout un système qui est complice de l’appauvrissement de ces femmes, tout un système qui n’offre à ces dernières, ni la reconnaissance matérielle, ni la reconnaissance symbolique de leur contribution.
Building a better model of the retina
Authors: Radisic Milica
Published: October 2019

Researchers have combined organ-on-a-chip engineering with the benefits of organoids to make improved models of the human retina.
HPLC-UV Standard Phenolic Constituents of African Bush Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) and Molecular Docking on Polyphenol Oxidases
Authors: Adeseko Catherine Joke , Sanni David Morakinyo , Salawu Sule Ola , Kade Ige Joseph , Fatoki Toluwase Hezekiah
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Irvingia gabonensis belongs to the Irvingiaceae plant family and commonly known as the African bush mango, wild mango, Dika nut and Manguier sauvage. The fruits of I. gabonensis are edible and their use in traditional medicine has been reported for the treatment of diabetes, diarrhea, wound ulcer, hepatic disorder, microbial infections, and inflammatory pains. 

Aim: This study aimed to identify the standard phenolic contents of I. gabonensis fruit pulp and peel extracts and investigate the bind energy on polyphenol oxidase in order to know why browning of I. gabonensis fruit is often rapidly occur and how to prevent it with suitable inhibitor in an industrial processing.

Results: The phenolics that were identified include ellagic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid, 3-friedelanone, lupeol, kaempferol, quercetin, alpha-curcumene and zingiberene. The two PPO from Solanum lycopersicum (PDB ID: 6HQI) and Mangifera indica (PDB: D2XZ13_model) have different binding energies across the ligands with highest score by 3-friedelanone (-14.3 and -16.1 kcal/mol respectively), followed by lupeol (-13.9 and -14.6 kcal/mol respectively). The differences in the binding energies across the plant PPOs could be due to variation in the amino acid composition and more importantly the amino acid residues that participate in the catalytic and allosteric activities

Conclusion: This study has shown the reason behind rapid browning that usually occur in I. gabonensis and more importantly, the need for effective edible inhibitors of PPO.
Anti-virulence Activity of Three Medicinal Plants: Cassia occidentalis L., Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel ex G. Don) Benth. and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam) Zep. and Timl
Authors: Ouedraogo Vincent , Compaoré Eli , Rouamba Ablassé , Compaoré Moussa , Kiendrebeogo Martin
Published: October 2019

Aims: This current study was designated to assess the ability of Cassia occidentalis, Crossopteryx febrifuga and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides traditionally used for the treatment of infectious diseases, to reduce the production of virulence factors.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO between September 2018 to January 2019.

Methodology: Methanol extracts from C. occidentalis (leaves and stem), C. febrifuga (leaves and stem) and Z. zanthoxyloides (Stem bark) were used for the investigations. The reporter strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was used to measure the impact of extracts on elastase and pyocyanin production. Antioxidant activity was measured through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays.

Results: All extracts at the concentration of 100 µg/mL inhibited significantly the production of pyocyanin without affect negatively the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 with a reduction of 39%, 52% and 28% respectively for C. occidentalis, C. febrifuga and Z. zanthoxyloides. C. febrifuga showed the highest inhibition level on the production of elastase with a rate of 48%. The results demonstrated varying level of reduction of pyocyanin and elastase production in the reporter strain.  Moreover, the antioxidant polyphenols evidenced are capable to reduce the oxidative stress induced by pyocyanin.

Conclusion: The antioxidant and anti-virulence properties of these medicinal plants could justify their traditional use in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Online Graduate Student Perceptions of Program Community
Authors: Shepherd Craig , Bolliger Doris
Published: October 2019

Facilitating an online course in today’s student population requires an educator to be innovative and creative and to have an impactful online presence. In the current online learning environment (also known as e-learning), keeping students’ thoughtfully engaged and motivated while dispensing the required course content necessitates faculty enabling a safe, nonjudgmental environment whereby views, perspectives, and personal and professional experiences are encouraged. The educator must exhibit an educator-facilitated active, student-centered learning process, whereby students are held accountable for their active participation and self-directed learning while balancing a facilitator role to further enhance the learning process. This article explores one educator’s reflective practice process that has been developed over numerous years as a very early adopter of online education. It will explore the organizational aspect of teaching-facilitating a dynamic robust online course.
Growing Pains: Faculty Challenges and Triumphs in Moving a Communication Program Online
Authors: Chatham-Carpenter April , Spadaro Alexandria
Published: October 2019

This case study of one communication department, which moved into offering their undergraduate program online, illustrates the innovative methods that the faculty employed in order to meet student demand for their courses. The faculty faced challenges related to meeting the needs of both their online and face-to-face students, to being asked to teach in formats where both sets of students were served, to building in opportunities for faculty-student and student-student connections in those environments, and to exploring how to make transformational learning opportunities available to all of their students. The implications of this study are discussed for making such a change sustainable in departments.
Personalizing and Extending Deliberation in the Online Classroom: Future Horizons
Authors: Chadha Anita
Published: October 2019

Research indicates that when instructors interact with students online their academic engagement increases, yet there is little research on student peer interactions and its effectiveness in terms of academic engagement. This study evaluates peer deliberations on a collaborative website for students enrolled in an American politics course at two institutions. Significant evidence reveals that student peer interactions produce academically reflective engagement, and their interactions personalize these online spaces and extend peer deliberations over every question asked of them during the semester. This article expands research on peer interactions online by utilizing an online collaborative site as an innovative means to engage students in academic deliberation.
Changes in Faculty Perceptions about Online Instruction: Comparison of Faculty Groups from 2002 and 2016
Authors: Perry David , Steck Andy
Published: October 2019

Faculty perceptions about online instruction were explored using data from a 32-item Quality Distance Education Survey (QDES) administered in 2002 (N = 120) and 2016 (N = 120) to U.S. higher education instructors with online teaching experience. Descriptive and ANOVA procedures were used to compare 2002 and 2016 group faculty perceptions about online instruction. Compared to the 2002 faculty group, the 2016 faculty gave significantly lower instruction importance ratings. Significant main effects for instruction items were noted for faculty group, age, sex, and tenure status. Significant interaction effects were noted for faculty group by sex, age, tenure status, and course level.
Creative and Innovative Online Teaching Strategies: Facilitation for Active Participation
Authors: Sharoff Leighsa
Published: October 2019

Facilitating an online course in today’s student population requires an educator to be innovative and creative and to have an impactful online presence. In the current online learning environment (also known as e-learning), keeping students’ thoughtfully engaged and motivated while dispensing the required course content necessitates faculty enabling a safe, nonjudgmental environment whereby views, perspectives, and personal and professional experiences are encouraged. The educator must exhibit an educator-facilitated active, student-centered learning process, whereby students are held accountable for their active participation and self-directed learning while balancing a facilitator role to further enhance the learning process. This article explores one educator’s reflective practice process that has been developed over numerous years as a very early adopter of online education. It will explore the organizational aspect of teaching-facilitating a dynamic robust online course.
A contextualização dos saberes para um ensino de Biologia que reconheça as identidades e diferenças
Authors: Léo Neto Nivaldo Aureliano
Published: October 2019

A desvalorização dos saberes pertencentes a povos e comunidades tradicionais ocasiona práticas de violência epistêmica e racial. Essas relações assimétricas de poder, iniciando-se no processo de colonização, persistem até os dias atuais, reverberando nas formas de ensino-aprendizagem (re)produzidas, por exemplo, nas instituições escolares. Partindo da possibilidade do ato de educar em uma perspectiva etnocológica, esse trabalho se volta para a reflexão sobre o potencial dos saberes locais para um ensino de Biologia pautado em uma educação antirracista, libertadora e democrática. Indica-se aqui a relação inextrincável entre Ciências e Culturas ao se buscar a valorização de uma pluralidade epistemológica que reconheça as identidades, exemplificando-se, nesse trabalho, os processos de educação (escolar ou não) presentes em terreiros de Candomblé, povos indígenas e comunidades quilombolas.
Condições de trabalho de professores: reflexões conceituais e implicações para a docência
Authors: Fernandes Anoel
Published: October 2019

Este artigo discute as condições de trabalho dos professores no Brasil a partir das discussões conceituais que permeiam a temática. Para tal tarefa, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica situando os conceitos de pauperização, precarização e proletarização. Nesse debate sobre os termos que melhor expressam a realidade dos professores brasileiros, verificou-se que há pesquisadores que acabam realizando a junção dos conceitos para definir as condições de trabalho dos professores. Embora os conceitos possuam suas particularidades, estes na verdade assemelham-se na explicitação das condições de trabalho dos indivíduos que exercem à docência; ou seja, na mesma medida em que destoam entre si, são semelhantes na denúncia das condições a que são submetidos os professores. No tocante à discussão conceitual, defende-se o conceito de alienação tal como proferido por Marx e Engels, e suas reafirmações por alguns autores como Adorno e Marcuse, pois parte-se do pressuposto de que todo trabalho na sociedade hodierna é alienado, e os professores também estão submetidos a tal alienação.
A contribuição do Pibid para a formação de professores de Língua Portuguesa na perspectiva do letramento
Authors: De Pesce Marly Krüger , Koerner Rosana Mara
Published: October 2019

Com o objetivo de refletir acerca das contribuições que a participação no Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) trouxe para a formação de professores de Língua Portuguesa, serão apresentados relatos de estudantes, bolsistas do referido programa, que possam dar pistas dessas contribuições. Considerando que as ações do programa institucional giram em torno da temática do letramento (especialmente do letramento digital), é sob esse prisma que os depoimentos são vislumbrados. Os depoimentos, depreendidos dos relatórios entregues à coordenação do Subprojeto de Letras, são abordados de forma qualitativa, fazendo uso de alguns dispositivos da Análise Crítica do Discurso. Autores como Street (2014), Libâneo (2012), Marcelo (2009) e Tardif (2011) contribuíram para o refinamento da abordagem. Percebeu-se que os licenciandos compreendem a necessidade de elaborar situações de aprendizagem que promovam a leitura crítica dos estudantes da Educação Básica, por meio, especialmente, da resenha. Também percebem a importância de participar do Pibid como forma de adquirir os saberes experienciais, tão significativos para a docência.
A fabricação de resistências no cenário pós-colonial: entre subalternização e subversão
Authors: Dos Santos Jonatha Daniel , Alves Rozane Alonso
Published: October 2019

Esse artigo tem como proposta problematizar as produções discursivas que contribuem para a constituição da subalternização/inferiorização de saberes/conhecimentos de distintos grupos sociais bem como a criação de normatizações e padrões frente à produção do conhecimento, estabelecendo as representações dicotômicas/binárias. Por outro lado expõe que no processo de subalternização são articuladas ações que rompem com esse ideário que por si só constrói espaços de resistência. Para tecer tais considerações buscamos refletir teoricamente sobre o conceito de discurso problematizado a partir de dois campos teóricos, sendo eles: o Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade e a Teoria Pós-Colonial. Atrelado a esses campos, nos apoiamos nos estudos de Michel Foucault. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, originada por meio de nossas pesquisas com os Povos Indígenas de Rondônia.
Motivação intrínseca para o letramento literário na sociedade da informação
Authors: Souza Willian Eduardo Righini de
Published: October 2019

Pretende-se discutir as diferentes motivações que atuam nas práticas de leitura durante a adolescência, afetando a compreensão, fruição, capacidade imaginativa e retenção de informações, especialmente na leitura de textos literários. As motivações foram divididas em extrínsecas e intrínsecas para mostrar que, embora elas coexistam e se relacionem, os seus efeitos são, na maioria das vezes, antagônicos, sobretudo quando analisadas isoladamente. Nesse sentido, aponta-se que as motivações intrínsecas são um fator preponderante para o letramento literário, devendo ser um elemento mais valorizado para que adolescentes alcancem uma maior inclusão social na sociedade da informação. Para apresentar esses resultados, produziu-se uma revisão de literatura com obras que buscaram investigar os fatores que encorajam uma pessoa a ler, como pressões escolares, elogios e recompensas. Conclui-se que as motivações intrínsecas são as mais positivas para o letramento literário por melhorar a compreensão textual, a aquisição de vocabulário e a expressão verbal, além de estarem relacionadas a um maior interesse por diferentes culturas e a frequência a instituições culturais.
Editorial Número Comemorativo
Authors: De Almeida Vanessa Sievers , De Araujo Liane Castro , Silva Maria Cecília De Paula , De Jesus Marta Lícia Teles Brito
Published: October 2019

Editorial do Número Comemorativo dos 50 anos da FACED e 25 anos da revista, desde os primórdios, ainda como Boletim da Faced.
NASADAD report shows benefits of data mapping
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

Geographic information system (GIS) technology — a combination of maps and data — is helping state agencies decide how to plan and monitor their prevention, treatment and recovery activities. A new issue brief from the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) focuses on how two states — Washington and Pennsylvania — have made GISs a part of their operations, to the benefit of communities.
NY vows to protect patient confidentiality
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

At last month's annual recovery conference of the Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Providers of New York State (ASAP), one of the speakers was Elinore McCance‐Katz, M.D., Ph.D., assistant secretary of the federal Department of Health and Human Services and head of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), which had recently put forward two rulemakings aimed at weakening 42 CFR Part 2, the confidentiality regulation protecting substance use disorder patient records (see ADAW, Sept. 9). One of the proposals would eliminate the prohibition for opioid treatment programs (OTPs) putting their patient information on I‐STOP, the state's prescription monitoring program. This would mean that patients taking methadone for opioid use disorder would no longer have their confidentiality protected, and that other health care providers could immediately look them up to see if they are taking methadone. Key to 42 CFR Part 2 is consent: Patients must consent to the release of their information, with that consent stating to whom the information will be released. New York's consent form is even more specific, including a provision for releasing information — or not — to the electronic health record. (For the consent form, see right).
Volatile Compounds Are Involved in Cellular Crosstalk and Upregulation
Authors: Serasanambati Mamatha , Broza Yoav Y. , Haick Hossam
Published: October 2019

Cell–cell cross talk is of great importance in cancer research due to its major role in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and influence on the apoptotic pathway. Different cell–cell communication mechanisms have come mainly from proteomic and genomic approaches. In this paper, a new route is reported for cross talk between cancer cells that occurs, even when they are far away from each other. Single‐cell and culture analysis shows that upregulation of cancer cells emits hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into their headspace. Part of the VOCs remains without any change, disregarding the biological environment around it. The other part of the VOCs is exchanged between monocultures of the cells as well as between co‐cultures of the cells with no physical contact between them, leading to different changes in growth than when left on their own. The chemical nature and composition of these VOCs have been determined and are discussed herein. Cell‐to‐cell cross talk has the advantage of being suitable for transfer/diffusion over relatively long distances. It would thus be expected to serve as a shuttling pad toward the development of advanced approaches that could enable very early detection of cancer and/or monitoring of metastasis and related cancer therapy.
Advanced Antiscaling Interfacial Materials toward Highly Efficient Heat Energy Transfer
Authors: Meng Jingxin , Wang Shutao
Published: October 2019

The energy problem has been a matter of some concern worldwide over the past 20 years. On the opposite side of energy production, energy loss is another crucial problem of current energy due to the low efficiency of heat transfer from scale deposition. However, less attention has been paid on the further development of advanced antiscaling interfacial materials, which may provide promising ways to save energy by reducing scale fouling. Herein, the development of antiscaling strategies is summarized from the basic theories and fabrication methods to antiscaling interfacial materials with potential applications. First, the mechanism of scale formation and the corresponding effect on thermal conductivity are introduced. Second, the typical fabrication approaches of antiscaling interfacial materials are briefly described. Finally, the performance, potential applications, future challenges, and opportunities of the advanced antiscaling interfacial materials are comprehensively discussed.
Visualization of UV by Nanopatterned Down‐Shifting Materials Mimicking Human Retinal Cone Cells
Authors: Sohn Wonbae , Park Heeyeon , Yoo Gang Yeol , Lee Chiho , Park Sungnam , Kim Woong
Published: October 2019

The conversion of invisible ultraviolet (UV) light to visible light by down‐shifting (DS) materials has a variety of important applications in the fields of optoelectronics and photonics. The ability to control emission colors as a function of the wavelength of incident UV light would significantly advance scientific research and technological applications. A novel strategy for UV visualization is demonstrated that employs nanoimprint lithography combined with a sol–gel process. The principles of trichromacy of human vision are applied; three DS materials sensitive to three different ranges of UV light are nanopatterned to mimic the three types of cone cells in the human retina. Each DS material then emits a distinctive color that can be recognized by each type of cone cells for visualization. The nanopatterned structure significantly intensifies the light emission by Mie scattering and spatially separates the three DS materials, thereby minimizing unwanted optical interference among them. The deliberately designed triple‐nanopatterned DS materials exhibit various emission colors ranging from green, to orange, to pink depending on the wavelength of the incident UV light. The current work would contribute to the development of novel strategies for multicolor tunable emission that may lead to innovative applications.
Layered P2‐Type K0.44Ni0.22Mn0.78O2 as a High‐Performance Cathode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Yang Yubo , Qu Xianlin , Wei Zhixuan , Sun Ge , Zheng Kun , Yu Haijun , Du Fei
Published: October 2019

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage owing to the natural abundance of the materials required for their fabrication and the fact that their intercalation mechanism is identical to that of lithium‐ion batteries. However, the larger ionic radius of K+ is likely to induce larger volume expansion and sluggish kinetics, resulting in low specific capacity and unsatisfactory cycle stability. A new Ni/Mn‐based layered oxide, P2‐type K0.44Ni0.22Mn0.78O2, is designed and synthesized. A cathode designed using this material delivers a high specific capacity of 125.5 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1, good cycle stability with capacity retention of 67% over 500 cycles and fast kinetic properties. In situ X‐ray diffraction recorded for the initial two cycles reveals single solid‐solution processes under P2‐type framework with small volume change of 1.5%. Moreover, a cathode electrolyte interphase layer is observed on the surface of the electrode after cycling with possible components of K2CO3, RCO2K, KOR, KF, etc. A full cell using K0.44Ni0.22Mn0.78O2 as the cathode and soft carbon as the anode also exhibits exceptional performance, with capacity retention of 90% over 500 cycles as well as superior rate performance. These findings suggest P2‐K0.44Ni0.22Mn0.78O2 is a promising candidate as a high‐performance cathode for KIBs.
Sensitive and Ultrabroadband Phototransistor Based on Two‐Dimensional Bi2O2Se Nanosheets
Authors: Tong Tong , Chen Yunfeng , Qin Shuchao , Li Weisheng , Zhang Junran , Zhu Chunhui , Zhang Chunchen , Yuan Xiao , Chen Xiaoqing , Nie Zhonghui , Wang Xinran , Hu Weida , Wang Fengqiu , Liu Wenqing , Wang Peng , Wang Xuefeng , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing
Published: October 2019

Bi2O2Se, a high‐mobility and air‐stable 2D material, has attracted substantial attention for application in integrated logic electronics and optoelectronics. However, achieving an overall high performance over a wide spectral range for Bi2O2Se‐based devices remains a challenge. A broadband phototransistor with high photoresponsivity (R) is reported that comprises high‐quality large‐area (≈180 µm) Bi2O2Se nanosheets synthesized via a modified chemical vapor deposition method with a face‐down configuration. The device covers the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength ranges (360–1800 nm) at room temperature, exhibiting a maximum R of 108 696 A W−1 at 360 nm. Upon illumination at 405 nm, the external quantum efficiency, R, and detectivity (D*) of the device reach up to 1.5 × 107%, 50055 A W−1, and 8.2 × 1012 Jones, respectively, which is attributable to a combination of the photogating, photovoltaic, and photothermal effects. The devices reach a −3 dB bandwidth of 5.4 kHz, accounting for a fast rise time (τrise) of 32 µs. The high sensitivity, fast response time, and environmental stability achieved simultaneously in these 2D Bi2O2Se phototransistors are promising for high‐quality UV and IR imaging applications.
Validating a Predictive Structure–Property Relationship by Discovery of Novel Polymers which Reduce Bacterial Biofilm Formation
Authors: Dundas Adam A. , Sanni Olutoba , Dubern Jean‐Frédéric , Dimitrakis Georgios , Hook Andrew L. , Irvine Derek J. , Williams Paul , Alexander Morgan R.
Published: October 2019

Synthetic materials are an everyday component of modern healthcare yet often fail routinely as a consequence of medical‐device‐centered infections. The incidence rate for catheter‐associated urinary tract infections is between 3% and 7% for each day of use, which means that infection is inevitable when resident for sufficient time. The O'Neill Review on antimicrobial resistance estimates that, left unchecked, ten million people will die annually from drug‐resistant infections by 2050. Development of biomaterials resistant to bacterial colonization can play an important role in reducing device‐associated infections. However, rational design of new biomaterials is hindered by the lack of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs). Here, the development of a predictive QSAR is reported for bacterial biofilm formation on a range of polymers, using calculated molecular descriptors of monomer units to discover and exemplify novel, biofilm‐resistant (meth‐)acrylate‐based polymers. These predictions are validated successfully by the synthesis of new monomers which are polymerized to create coatings found to be resistant to biofilm formation by six different bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Dopant Segregation Boosting High‐Voltage Cyclability of Layered Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Kuan , Wan Hui , Yan Pengfei , Chen Xiao , Fu Junjie , Liu Zhixiao , Deng Huiqiu , Gao Fei , Sui Manling
Published: October 2019

As a widely used approach to modify a material's bulk properties, doping can effectively improve electrochemical properties and structural stability of various cathodes for rechargeable batteries, which usually empirically favors a uniform distribution of dopants. It is reported that dopant aggregation effectively boosts the cyclability of a Mg‐doped P2‐type layered cathode (Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2). Experimental characterization and calculation consistently reveal that randomly distributed Mg dopants tend to segregate into the Na‐layer during high‐voltage cycling, leading to the formation of high‐density precipitates. Intriguingly, such Mg‐enriched precipitates, acting as 3D network pillars, can further enhance a material's mechanical strength, suppress cracking, and consequently benefit cyclability. This work not only deepens the understanding on dopant evolution but also offers a conceptually new approach by utilizing precipitation strengthening design to counter cracking related degradation and improve high‐voltage cyclability of layered cathodes.
A Dynamic 3D Tumor Spheroid Chip Enables More Accurate Nanomedicine Uptake Evaluation
Authors: Zhuang Jialang , Zhang Jie , Wu Minhao , Zhang Yuanqing
Published: October 2019

Nanomedicine has brought great advances for drug delivery by improving the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. However, many nanomaterials showing good distribution property in vitro often display poor cellular uptake during in vivo administration. Current cellular uptake research models are mainly based on the traditional 2D culture system, which is a single layer and static system, thus the results cannot accurately reflect the distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo. In the present study, a multiple tumor culture chip (MTC‐chip) is constructed to mimic solid tumor and dynamic fluid transport, in order to better study NPs penetration in vitro. Cellular uptake of mesoporous silica particles (MSNs) is evaluated using the 3D tumor spheroids on chip, and it is found that: 1) continuous administration results in larger MSNs penetration than transient administration at the same dose; 2) the size effect on cellular uptake is less significant than reported by previous in vitro studies; and 3) pretreatment with hyaluronidase (HAase) enhances the tumor penetration of large‐size MSNs.
High‐Resolution 3D Printing of Freeform, Transparent Displays in Ambient Air
Authors: An Hyeon Seok , Park Young‐Geun , Kim Kukjoo , Nam Yun Seok , Song Myoung Hoon , Park Jang‐Ung
Published: October 2019

Direct 3D printing technologies to produce 3D optoelectronic architectures have been explored extensively over the last several years. Although commercially available 3D printing techniques are useful for many applications, their limits in printable materials, printing resolutions, or processing temperatures are significant challenges for structural optoelectronics in achieving fully 3D‐printed devices on 3D mechanical frames. Herein, the production of active optoelectronic devices with various form factors using a hybrid 3D printing process in ambient air is reported. This hybrid 3D printing system, which combines digital light processing for printing 3D mechanical architectures and a successive electrohydrodynamic jet for directly printing transparent pixels of organic light‐emitting diodes at room temperature, can create high‐resolution, transparent displays embedded inside arbitrarily shaped, 3D architectures in air. Also, the demonstration of a 3D‐printed, eyeglass‐type display for a wireless, augmented reality system is an example of another application. These results represent substantial progress in the development of next‐generation, freeform optoelectronics.
Genotype x Environmental Effects on Yielding Ability and Seed Chemical Composition of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties Grown in North Dakota, USA
Authors: Lan Yang , Zha Fengchao , Peckrul Allen , Hanson Bryan , Johnson Burton , Rao Jiajia , Chen Bingcan
Published: October 2019

The influence of growing conditions in North Dakota on grain yield and seed composition was evaluated for industrial hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in North Dakota, USA. Average grain yield across varieties was 2138 kg ha−1. Crude protein content of undehulled industrial hemp flour from 10 varieties ranged from 32.7% to 35.9%; and oil content ranged from 24.3% to 28.1%. All industrial hemp flours were excellent natural sources of iron (46.7%), manganese (169.1%), copper (29.0%), zinc (28.2%), phosphorus (41.0%), and magnesium (33.7%) on a per serving basis (30 g per serving) for percent recommended daily intake (% RDI). Oils from most of the varieties differed significantly for the fatty acid (FA) profile. The n6/n3 ratio ranged from 3.2 to 5.1. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that CFX‐2 and CRS‐1 grew well in North Dakota based on grain yield, flour, and oil quality. In this study, the chemical composition of flour was not influenced by crop year; but crop year did effect the nutritional mineral composition. These results may have important implications for the use of industrial hemp in food applications.
Bulky Substituent Effect on Reactivity of Localized Singlet Cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyls with π‐Single Bonding (C‐π‐C) Character
Authors: Akisaka Rikuo , Abe Manabu
Published: October 2019

Thorough investigation of key intermediates, such as long‐lived singlet diradicals, is essential to understand the homolytic bond cleavage reactions. In this study, we evaluate the effect of bulky substituents at the meta‐position of the phenyl ring on the bond formation process in singlet 2,2‐diethoxy‐1,3‐diarylcyclopentane‐1,3‐diyls. The bulky groups have significant influence on the diradical lifetime, as such, when the triisopropylphenyl group was used, the lifetime was 45 times longer than that of the parent diradical in benzene at 293 K.
Advances and Challenges for Aprotic Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries using Redox Mediators
Authors: Zhao Wenjia , Mu Xiaowei , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: October 2019

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Ping He. The cover picture shows the reaction mechanism of redox mediators in Li‐O2 batteries. The boat represents the redox mediators (such as I3−), serving as the electron carrier between cathodes and Li2O2 products (where the woman stands). The redox mediators offer a promising avenue for reducing the overpotential, promoting the generation of Li2O2 during discharge or decomposition during charge, and improving the rate capability. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/batt.201900045
Chronic nicotine exposure attenuates the effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on anxiety‐related behavior and social interaction in adult male and female rats
Authors: Manwell Laurie A. , Miladinovic Tanya , Raaphorst Elana , Rana Shadna , Malecki Sarah , Mallet Paul E.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of cannabinoids are mediated by different mechanisms, including neural signaling via cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs). This study examined the effects of prior nicotine (the psychoactive component in tobacco) exposure on behavioral sensitivity to delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the psychoactive component of cannabis) challenge in animals.

Methods

Male and female adult Sprague‐Dawley rats (N = 96) were injected daily with nicotine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle for 14 days, followed by a 14‐day drug‐free period. On test day, rats were injected with THC (0.5, 2.0, or 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle and anxiety‐related behavior was assessed in the emergence (EM), elevated plus maze (EPM), and social interaction (SI) tests.

Results

Chronic nicotine pretreatment attenuated some of the anxiogenic effects induced by THC challenge which can be summarized as follows: (a) THC dose‐dependently affected locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, and social interaction in the EM, EPM, and SI tests of unconditioned anxiety; (b) these effects of acute THC challenge were greater in females compared with males except for grooming a conspecific; (c) prior nicotine exposure attenuated the effects of acute THC challenge for locomotor activity in the EPM test; and (d) prior nicotine exposure attenuated the effects of THC challenge for direct but not indirect physical interaction in the SI tests.

Conclusions

The ability of nicotine prior exposure to produce long‐lasting changes that alter the effects of acute THC administration suggests that chronic nicotine may induce neuroplastic changes that influence the subsequent response to novel THC exposure.