bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Method in Robotic Navigation Control Through YOLOv5-Based Object Detection
Authors: Liu Hechao , Liu Wei , Alblehai Fahad
Published: April 2024

The real-time obstacle avoidance strategy remains an important technical demand in robotic navigation. Although some progress has been achieved in recent years, existing works cannot handle unknown background inference in complex contexts. To deal with this challenge, this paper proposes a dynamic obstacle avoidance method in robotic navigation control through YOLOv5-based object detection. Specifically, an attention mechanism-based YOLOv5 algorithm is introduced to enhance the expression capability of small target channel features and spatial features. A P2 small target detection layer is added to strengthen the fusion of feature information between high and low layers. This is expected to address the problem that some detailed features of small targets are lost due to multiple down-sampling operations. For the navigation control part, an abstract potential field is introduced to guide the robots to move toward the target position while avoiding obstacles. Finally, we conduct some experiments on a real-world simulation scenario to make a comparative analysis. The obtained results show that the proposal can improve the obstacle avoidance effect compared with some baseline methods.
A Binary Artificial Rabbit Optimization Algorithm for Improved Cognitive Radio Spectrum Allocation
Authors: Wang Shi , Liu Ruyi , Chen Qi
Published: April 2024

A binary artificial rabbit optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the cognitive radio (CR) network performance and fairness among users by addressing the issue of low spectrum resource utilization during the CR spectrum allocation process. Building upon the graph coloring spectrum allocation model, Sigmoid is introduced to transform the algorithm solution space. Incorporating the Lévy flight strategy for adaptive step size adjustment enhances the algorithm’s flexibility and convergence accuracy. Moreover, a selective opposition strategy based on Spearman’s coefficient is integrated into the algorithm to improve population diversity and convergence accuracy through reverse learning. Applying the binary artificial rabbit optimization algorithm to the CR spectrum allocation problem in the same CR network environment, we compare network efficiency and inter-user fairness through simulation experiments with the artificial rabbits optimization algorithm seagull optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithms. The experimental results show that the binary artificial rabbit optimization algorithm has higher convergence performance and global exploration ability, improves the overall network efficiency and user fairness of CR networks, and alleviates the problem of low spectrum resource utilization.
Two-wave interaction solutions of perturbation and CKdVE integrability for (2+1)-D CDGKS equation
Authors: Kang Xiaorong , Xian Daquan , Xian Lizhu , Zheng Kelong
Published: April 2024

By the Hirota bilinear method, some new interaction solutions with the complex perturbation for CDGKS equation are obtained. Meanwhile, with the help of the classical nonlinear KdV equation, many new exact solutions of CDGKS equation are derived through the CKdVE method, since it satisfies the CKdVE solvability. Two typical examples also show the local geometric characteristics of the parameter perturbation of these exact solutions.
Multi-soliton solutions of Ito-type coupled KdV equation with conservation laws in Darboux framework
Authors: Mahmood Irfan , Li Zhao , Sohail Hira , Ditta Allah , Elansary Hosam O. , Hussain Ejaz
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we derive the Darboux solutions of Ito-type coupled KdV equation in Darboux framework which is associated with Hirota Satsuma systems. One of the main results is the generalization of [Formula: see text]th-fold Darboux solutions in terms of Wronskians. We also derive the exact multi-soliton solutions for the coupled field variables of that system in the background of zero seed solutions. With the addition of these findings, we also enrich our results with the graphical interpretations of interacting solitons which preserve their profiles after the collision as usually solitons possess such property intrinsically. Subsequently, we construct the equation of continuity that yields the infinite conserved quantities associated with interacting phenomenon of multi-solitons.
Modification of Nano-Zero-Valent Iron and its Simultaneous Removal of Mixed Heavy Metal-Organic Contaminants in the Water Environment
Authors: Du Jiahao , Li Fangfang , Gao Peng , Liu Zhanpeng , Wang Siyao , Gu Hongyan , Meng Fei , Lin Youcheng , Peng Hongbo
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of economy and society, heavy metal and organic contaminants, as a typical combination of mixed contaminants, enter into the environment through multiple pathways and pose a serious threat to human beings. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an efficient, rapid and non-secondary pollution method to remove them from the water environment. However, it is difficult for traditional water treatment technologies to completely degrade them in a short time. With the continuous progress of nanotechnology, nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) has become one of the very promising materials for the removal of mixed contaminants from aqueous environments due to its high reducibility, fast reaction rate and environmental friendliness. However, nZVI is prone to agglomeration and oxidation, which limits its practical application. Therefore, this paper reviews the modification methods of nZVI and the problems they face. In addition, the degradation mechanisms of modified nZVI for heavy metals and organic contaminants is also reviewed. The removal of heavy metal-organic mixed contaminants by sodium alginate (SA), cyclodextrin (CD) and chitosan (CS)-modified nZVI was also analyzed in details. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are discussed, as well as providing a more comprehensive perspective on nanomaterial modification.
Investigation of Structural and Dielectric Properties of Double Perovskite Ho2NiMnO6 Compound
Authors: Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Chourasia Bhawna
Published: April 2024

The fascinating and diverse properties of double perovskites (DP) materials have attracted attention due to electrical, magnetic and structural properties. Due to their potential for usage in capacitive devices, memory devices, tuneable microwave filters, and other devices, the DP recently gained a lot of scientific interest. It is well known that these compounds demonstrate magnetoresistance and magnetocapacitance near ambient temperature. The DP compound (Ho2NiMnO6(HNMO) was prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the structure is monoclinic with the space group P21/n. The phase formation was further verified via FTIR spectral studies. FESEM was employed to investigate the morphology of the sample. Frequency-dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity were investigated at room temperature from 1000[Formula: see text]Hz to 1[Formula: see text]MHz.
PQA: Exploring the Potential of Product Quantization in DNN Hardware Acceleration
Authors: Abouelhamayed Ahmed , Cui Angela , Fernandez-marques Javier , Lane Nicholas , Abdelfattah Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Conventional multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations have long dominated computation time for deep neural networks (DNNs), especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Recently, product quantization (PQ) has been applied to these workloads, replacing MACs with memory lookups to pre-computed dot products. To better understand the efficiency tradeoffs of product-quantized DNNs (PQ-DNNs), we create a custom hardware accelerator to parallelize and accelerate nearest-neighbor search and dot-product lookups. Additionally, we perform an empirical study to investigate the efficiency–accuracy tradeoffs of different PQ parameterizations and training methods. We identify PQ configurations that improve performance-per-area for ResNet20 by up to 3.1×, even when compared to a highly optimized conventional DNN accelerator, with similar improvements on two additional compact DNNs. When comparing to recent PQ solutions, we outperform prior work by 4× in terms of performance-per-area with a 0.6% accuracy degradation. Finally, we reduce the bitwidth of PQ operations to investigate the impact on both hardware efficiency and accuracy. With only 2–6-bit precision on three compact DNNs, we were able to maintain DNN accuracy eliminating the need for DSPs.
Topology-aware Federated Learning in Edge Computing: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Dong Fan , Leung Henry , Zhu Zhuangdi , Zhou Jiayu , Drew Steve
Published: April 2024

The ultra-low latency requirements of 5G/6G applications and privacy constraints call for distributed machine learning systems to be deployed at the edge. With its simple yet effective approach, federated learning (FL) is a natural solution for massive user-owned devices in edge computing with distributed and private training data. FL methods based on FedAvg typically follow a naive star topology, ignoring the heterogeneity and hierarchy of the volatile edge computing architectures and topologies in reality. Several other network topologies exist and can address the limitations and bottlenecks of the star topology. This motivates us to survey network topology-related FL solutions. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the existing FL works focusing on network topologies. After a brief overview of FL and edge computing networks, we discuss various edge network topologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges and future works for applying FL to topology-specific edge networks.
Decoding Realism of Virtual Objects: Exploring Behavioral and Ocular Reactions to Inaccurate Interaction Feedback
Authors: Terfurth Leonie , Gramann Klaus , Gehrke Lukas
Published: April 2024

Achieving temporal synchrony between sensory modalities is crucial for natural perception of object interaction in virtual reality (VR). While subjective questionnaires are currently used to evaluate users’ VR experiences, leveraging behavior and psychophysiological responses can provide additional insights. We investigated motion and ocular behavior as discriminators between realistic and unrealistic object interactions. Participants grasped and placed a virtual object while experiencing sensory feedback that either matched their expectations or occurred too early. We also explored visual-only feedback vs. combined visual and haptic feedback. Due to technological limitations, a condition with delayed feedback was added
post hoc
. Gaze-based metrics revealed discrimination between high- and low-feedback realism. Increased interaction uncertainty was associated with longer fixations on the avatar hand and temporal shifts in the gaze–action relationship. Our findings enable real-time evaluation of users’ perception of realism in interactions. They facilitate the optimization of interaction realism in virtual environments and beyond.
Insights into Myopia from Mouse Models
Authors: Mazade Reece , Palumaa Teele , Pardue Machelle T.
Published: April 2024

Animal models are critical for understanding the initiation and progression of myopia, a refractive condition that causes blurred distance vision. The prevalence of myopia is rapidly increasing worldwide, and myopia increases the risk of developing potentially blinding diseases. Current pharmacological, optical, and environmental interventions attenuate myopia progression in children, but it is still unclear how this occurs or how these interventions can be improved to increase their protective effects. To optimize myopia interventions, directed mechanistic studies are needed. The mouse model is well-suited to these studies because of its well-characterized visual system and the genetic experimental tools available, which can be combined with pharmacological and environmental manipulations for powerful investigations of causation. This review describes aspects of the mouse visual system that support its use as a myopia model and presents genetic, pharmacological, and environmental studies that significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie myopigenesis.
Exploring educational transformations through the Innovative Flipped Learning Instruction Project Symposium
Authors: Gopalan Chaya , Halpin Patricia A. , Selvam Athavan Alias Anand , Hung Wei-Chen
Published: April 2024

Flipped pedagogy shifts content delivery outside the classroom, emphasizing interactive learning during in-class time. The Innovative Flipped Learning Instruction Project (IFLIP) guided science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty in integrating flipped teaching (FT), tracked experiences during this transition, and provided a framework for FT implementation. A fourth-year symposium fostered collaboration, revealing sustained enthusiasm for FT. The symposium underscored its transformative impact on deepening students’ understanding, highlighting its significance in enhancing education quality.
Exploring Caregivers’ Perceptions on the Impact of Nyaope and Alcohol Use on Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Matakanye Hulisani , Tshitangano Takalani Grace
Published: April 2024

Background. Adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is essential for curing the disease and for preventing drug resistance. Most studies report that substance abuse is associated with high discontinuation of TB treatment, which is a barrier to the effective management of the TB control and prevention program. Insufficient data exist on the effects of the nyaope drug use on TB treatment adherence among patients with the disease. Hence, the current study aimed to qualitatively explore the perceptions of caregivers regarding the influence of nyaope and alcohol use on tuberculosis treatment adherence among tuberculosis patients in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Materials and Methods. Qualitative, exploratory and descriptive designs were used. The nonprobability purposive sampling method was used to select eight TB focal nurse and eight facility operational managers from eight selected community health centers in Limpopo Province. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and it was guided by data saturation. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Trustworthiness was ensured, and ethical considerations were observed in the study. Results. The study results of the study show four individual major themes that emerged from the data analysis: (1) challenges in treatment adherence; (2) disruption of follow-up and DOT support systems; (3) reluctance toward social support; and (4) resistance to health educational and counseling interventions. Conclusion. The study reveals that nyaope and alcohol use significantly impede TB treatment adherence. In response, the conclusion advocates for integrating services within healthcare facilities to enhance TB treatment effectiveness. This proposed integration aims to create a cohesive and interconnected healthcare system capable of identifying, supporting, and treating TB patients with substance abuse issues more effectively. The study recommends incorporating the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire for all newly diagnosed TB patients. This proactive measure will enable early identification of individuals who may be experiencing harmful or hazardous alcohol use. Following the identification process, it is advisable to offer further counseling to those in need and link them to a deaddiction center for specialized support. This approach not only aids in the comprehensive care of TB patients but also addresses underlying issues that could potentially hinder their treatment adherence and overall recovery.
Indonesian Lip‐Reading Detection and Recognition Based on Lip Shape Using Face Mesh and Long‐Term Recurrent Convolutional Network
Authors: Aripin  , Setiawan Abas
Published: April 2024

Communication through speech can be hindered by environmental noise, prompting the need for alternative methods such as lip reading, which bypasses auditory challenges. However, the accurate interpretation of lip movements is impeded by the uniqueness of individual lip shapes, necessitating detailed analysis. In addition, the development of an Indonesian dataset addresses the lack of diversity in existing datasets, predominantly in English, fostering more inclusive research. This study proposes an enhanced lip‐reading system trained using the long‐term recurrent convolutional network (LRCN) considering eight different types of lip shapes. MediaPipe Face Mesh precisely detects lip landmarks, enabling the LRCN model to recognize Indonesian utterances. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, with the LRCN model with three convolutional layers (LRCN‐3Conv) achieving 95.42% accuracy for word test data and 95.63% for phrases, outperforming the convolutional long short‐term memory (Conv‐LSTM) method. The proposed approach outperforms Conv‐LSTM in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the evaluation of the original MIRACL‐VC1 dataset also produced a best accuracy of 90.67% on LRCN‐3Conv compared to previous studies in the word‐labeled class. The success is attributed to MediaPipe Face Mesh detection, which facilitates the accurate detection of the lip region. Leveraging advanced deep learning techniques and precise landmark detection, these findings promise improved communication accessibility for individuals facing auditory challenges.
Exploring the Impact of Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Vitamin B12: Insights into the Transformation of Methylcobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin to Cyanocobalamin through In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Al Zoubi Mazhar Salim , Al-Oun Mus’aab A. , Abusahyoun Fatima Yacoub , Abualarja Manal Issam , Al Smadi Asmaa , Al-Trad Bahaa , Awadin Sura A. , Al-Batayneh Khalid , Elaarag Mai , Al-Zoubi Raed M.
Published: April 2024

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble molecule required for the proper functioning of metabolism, blood and DNA synthesis, and neurological development. Vitamin B12 exists in several forms: methylcobalamin (MeCbl), adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), hydroxycobalamin (OHCbl), and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on the chemical structure of methylcobalamin and hydroxycobalamin forms of vitamin B12. MeCbl and OHCbl were markedly affected by exposure to cigarette smoke. The resemblance of the Rt between MeCbl and OHCbl and CNCbl indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke extracts chemically alters MeCbl and OHCbl to CNCbl, warranting in vivo research investigations.
Effects of Window Position and Exhaust Flow Rate on Residential Kitchen Hood Performance: A Validated Numerical Approach
Authors: Lin Yi-An , Chan Ying-Chieh , Lee Wan-Chen
Published: April 2024

Previous studies showed that opening windows could help with kitchen ventilation in pollutant removal. However, no studies have systematically examined the impacts of window positions on kitchen hood performance, and there is insufficient information on indoor airflow characteristics and pollutant distribution from makeup air through open windows. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use a validated computational fluid dynamics approach with CO2 as an indoor air quality indicator (a surrogate for cooking emissions) to understand the impacts of exhaust flow rate and the window opening position on the flow characteristics, concentration distribution, and capture efficiency (CE) of the hood. We conducted four‐point validation tests of the numerical models based on CO2 concentration and temperature measurements under steady‐state conditions. The validated models were subsequently used in simulations to understand the effects of six different window opening positions and the two exhaust flow rates on exposure. We found that the CO2 concentration could be better reduced by having windows open at the higher location. Generally, the front windows were more effective with CE > 80%, followed by the back and the side windows, respectively. We also found that as the exhaust flow rate increased from 6.72 to 12.16 m3/min, CE reached >75% for all window positions, where the most significant increase was 1.58 times for the lower side window. To sum up, changing the relative position of the window and the exhaust hood could help disperse the incoming airflow from the window, improve the kitchen’s overall ventilation, and reduce pollutant concentration.
Research on Risky Driving Behavior of Young Truck Drivers: Improved Theory of Planned Behavior Based on Risk Perception Factor
Authors: Liang Zijun , Zhan Xuejuan , Deng Ran , Fu Xin
Published: April 2024

In response to the issue of young truck drivers’ weaker perception of potential risks, which makes them more prone to engaging in risky driving behaviors, the direct influence of risk perception on behavior was innovatively considered. An improved theory of planned behavior (TPB) model was developed and a study on risky driving behavior among young truck drivers was conducted. Valid questionnaire data from 330 young truck drivers in China were collected, and the improved TPB model was validated and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the improved TPB model can effectively explain the risky driving behavior among young truck drivers. Specifically, attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have significant positive effects on behavioral intention, while behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control have significant positive effects on behavior. In addition, risk perception has a significant negative effect on behavioral intention and behavior. Furthermore, a comparison with the traditional TPB model reveals that the improved TPB model performs better in terms of fit and explanatory power. Fit indices CMIN/DF, RMSEA, and AGFI were optimized by 16%, 18%, and 1.5%, respectively, and there was a 5% increase in explanatory power for behavior variance, validating the rationality and effectiveness of the improved TPB model. This provides decision support for the development of intervention measures for risky driving behavior among young truck drivers in the future.
Awake versus Asleep Anesthesia in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lim Michelle L. , Zhan Angela B.B. , Liu Sherry J. , Saffari Seyed E. , Li Wei , Teo Mavis M. , Wong Theodore G.-L. , Ng Wai H. , Wan Kai R.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established surgical therapy for patients with Parkinsons’ Disease (PD). Traditionally, DBS surgery for PD is performed under local anesthesia, whereby the patient is awake to facilitate intraoperative neurophysiological confirmation of the intended target using microelectrode recordings. General anesthesia allows for improved patient comfort without sacrificing anatomic precision and clinical outcomes. Methods: We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis on patients undergoing DBS for PD. Published randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies, and case series which compared asleep and awake techniques for patients undergoing DBS for PD were included. A total of 19 studies and 1,900 patients were included in the analysis. Results: We analyzed the (i) clinical effectiveness – postoperative UPDRS III score, levodopa equivalent daily doses and DBS stimulation requirements. (ii) Surgical and anesthesia related complications, number of lead insertions and operative time (iii) patient’s quality of life, mood and cognitive measures using PDQ-39, MDRS, and MMSE scores. There was no significant difference in results between the awake and asleep groups, other than for operative time, for which there was significant heterogeneity. Conclusion: With the advent of newer technology, there is likely to have narrowing differences in outcomes between awake or asleep DBS. What would therefore be more important would be to consider the patient’s comfort and clinical status as well as the operative team’s familiarity with the procedure to ensure seamless transition and care.
The Intersection of Epigenetic Alterations and Developmental State in Pediatric Ependymomas
Authors: Kardian Alisha Simone , Mack Stephen
Published: April 2024

Background: Ependymomas are the third most common brain cancer in children and have no targeted therapies. They are divided into at least 9 major subtypes based on molecular characteristics and major drivers and have few genetic mutations compared to the adult form of this disease, leading to investigation of other mechanisms. Summary: Epigenetic alterations such as transcriptional programs activated by oncofusion proteins and alterations in histone modifications play an important role in development of this disease. Evidence suggests these alterations interact with the developmental epigenetic programs in the cell of origin to initiate neoplastic transformation and later disease progression, perhaps by keeping a portion of tumor cells in a developmental, proliferative state. Key Messages: To better understand this disease, research on its developmental origins and associated epigenetic states needs to be further pursued. This could lead to better treatments, which are currently lacking due to the difficult-to-drug nature of known drivers such as fusion proteins. Epigenetic and developmental states characteristic of these tumors may not just be potential therapeutic targets but used as a tool to find new avenues of treatment.
Identification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes Based on MHC-II Gene Expression Profile and Immunological Analysis
Authors: Gao Yongcai , Zhou Lingli , Su Qiong , Li Qiang
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Major histocompatibility complex class II molecule (MHC-II) is pivotal in anti-tumor immunity, and targeting MHC-II in tumors may help improve patient survival. But function of MHC-II in the immunotherapy and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients has not been thoroughly studied and reported. Methods: We selected LUAD-related MHC-II genes from public databases based on previous literature reports. We identified different subtypes according to expression differences of these genes in different LUAD samples through cluster analysis. We used R package to conduct a series of analyses on different subtypes, exploring their survival differences, gene expression differences, pathway enrichment differences, and differences in immune characteristics and immune therapy. Finally, we screened potential drugs from the cMAP database. Results: We identified two MHC-II-related LUAD subtypes. Our analyses presented that patients with cluster2 subtype showed better prognosis, higher immune scores, higher levels of immune cell infiltration and immune function activation. In addition, patients with this subtype had higher immunophenoscore, lower TIDE scores, and DEPTH scores. We also identified 10 small molecule drugs, such as lenalidomide, VX-745, and tyrphostin-AG-1295. Conclusion: Overall, MHC-II is not only a potential biomarker for accurately distinguishing LUAD subtypes but also a predictive factor for their survival. Our study offers novel insights into understanding of impact of MHC-II in LUAD and offers a new perspective for improving the accurate classification of LUAD patients and enhancing drug treatment.
Spontaneous Remission of Minimal Change Disease in a Colon Cancer Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Seunghye , Jung Sehyun , Jeon Hyejin , Jang Hani , Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Tae Won , Bae Eunjin , Park Dong Jun , Chang Se-Ho
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Minimal change disease (MCD) is most often primary but may occur secondary to other systemic diseases such as malignancy. In secondary MCD, spontaneous remission of nephrotic syndrome after the treatment of related diseases without steroid therapy is rare. Case Presentation: A 78-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic with foamy urine and generalized edema that had persisted for 2 months. The patient had nephrotic syndrome. Before a kidney biopsy, he underwent several tests to determine the secondary cause of the nephrotic syndrome. The serum CEA was slightly elevated, and colon cancer was detected in the sigmoid colon. MCD was diagnosed from a kidney biopsy. He immediately underwent surgery for colon cancer. Complete remission of the MCD was achieved within 2 weeks after surgery. Conclusion: Here, we report a rare case of a patient with secondary MCD who successfully achieved spontaneous remission after colon cancer surgery.
Fisetin Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis-Related Oxidative Stress in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice
Authors: Jiang Xiufang , Lei Yanling , Yin Yajuan , Ma Fangfang , Zheng Mingqi , Liu Gang
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Fisetin has been demonstrated to inhibit the occurrence of atherosclerosis; however, the mechanism of fisetin suppressing atherosclerosis remains elusive. Methods: The function of fisetin in the inhibition of atherosclerosis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining in ApoE−/− mice. Molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis progression were detected by Western blot and qPCR. Moreover, the inhibition of atherosclerosis on oxidative stress and ferroptosis was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and Western blot assays. Results: The obtained results showed that serum lipid was attenuated and consequentially the formation of atherosclerosis was also suppressed by fisetin in ApoE−/− mice. Exploration of the mechanism revealed that molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis were decreased under fisetin treatment. The level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde declined, while the activity of superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase was increased under the fisetin treatment. Additionally, the suppressor of ferroptosis, glutathione peroxidase 4 proteins, was elevated. The ferritin was decreased in the aortic tissues treated with fisetin. Conclusions: In summary, fisetin attenuated the formation of atherosclerosis through the inhibition of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the aortic tissues of ApoE−/− mice.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND LAND COVER ON THE NUMBER OF HOTSPOTS IN LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Fadjri Maarif  , Cesar Andi Mappatoba
Published: April 2024

Forest and land fires in Indonesia need concern in handling it, specifically in conservation areas. Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL) is a conservation area that plays a role in preserving endemic plants and animals and their habitats. Research on the factors that influence forest fires in TNLL needs to be carried out to protect and prevent the risk of forest fires to protect the ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rainfall and land cover on the number of hotspots as an indicator of forest fires in TNLL in 2017-2021. Thus, preventive strategies can be carried out as early as possible to prevent forest fires. This research was conducted by analyzing spatially and statistically 2017-2021 rainfall data in Sigi and Poso Regencies, hotspot data from the TERRA/AQUA, SNPP, and MODIS-NASA satellite in 2017-2021 in TNLL, and TNLL land cover data. In statistical analysis, rainfall data for hotspots was analyzed using Bivariate Pearson, and land cover data for hotspots was analyzed spatially using ArcMap. The results showed 55 hotspots in TNLL from 2017-2021. The Bivariate Pearson correlation test results between rainfall and hotspots are -0.028. The relationship between rainfall and hotspots shows a non-directional correlation. The lower the rainfall intensity, the more hotspots are found. Spatially, the highest number of hotspots occurred in areas with the land cover of secondary dryland forest types, with a total of 29 spots.
Review of the genus Rhagoba Moore, 1888 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) from Laos, with a description of new species
Authors: KO JAE–HO , BAYARSAIKHAN ULZIIJARGAL , LEE TAK−GI , BAE YANG–SEOP
Published: April 2024

The genus Rhagoba from Laos is revised, with three species, R. octomaculalis (Moore, 1867), R. obvellata Du & Li, 2012, and R. flavolineata sp. nov. is reported from Laos for the first time. A key to the Laotian species of Rhagoba is provided, with illustrations of adults and genitalia of examined species.
Mesoscale Ocean–Atmosphere Coupling Effects on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water
Authors: Yu Jingjie , Gan Bolan , Yang Haiyuan , Chen Zhaohui , Xu Lixiao , Wu Lixin
Published: April 2024

Subtropical mode water (STMW) is a thick layer of water mass characterized by homogeneous properties within the main pycnocline, important for oceanic oxygen utilization, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation. North Pacific STMW is formed in the Kuroshio Extension region, where vigorous mesoscale eddies strongly interact with the atmosphere. However, it remains unknown how such mesoscale ocean–atmosphere (MOA) coupling affects the STMW formation. By conducting twin simulations with an eddy-resolving global climate model, we find that approximately 25% more STMW is formed with the MOA coupling than without it. This is attributable to a significant increase in ocean latent heat release primarily driven by higher wind speed over the STMW formation region, which is associated with the southward deflection of storm tracks in response to oceanic mesoscale imprints. Such enhanced surface latent heat loss overwhelms the stronger upper-ocean restratification induced by vertical eddy and turbulent heat transport, leading to the formation of colder and denser STMW in the presence of MOA coupling. Further investigation of a multimodel and multiresolution ensemble of global coupled models reveals that the agreement between the STMW simulation in eddy-present/rich coupled models and observations is superior to that of eddy-free ones, likely due to more realistic representation of MOA coupling. However, the ocean-alone model simulations show significant limitations in improving STMW production, even with refined model resolution. This indicates the importance of incorporating the MOA coupling into Earth system models to alleviate biases in STMW and associated climatic and biogeochemical impacts.

Significance Statement

North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW) is a distinct pycnostad within the main thermocline located south of the Kuroshio Extension. As short-term heat and carbon silos, STMW is traditionally thought to be driven by the basin-scale atmospheric forcing. The role of air–sea interactions at mesoscales residing in the Kuroshio Extension region has been overlooked. Here, we demonstrate that the strong thermal feedback of mesoscale sea surface temperature anomalies is not negligible for the STMW formation. This is achieved by accelerating wind and consequently promoting ocean latent heat release. Our results pinpoint the significance of accounting for the role of oceanic mesoscale feedback in improving the simulation of STMW as well as its climatic and biogeochemical impacts in Earth system models.
An inquiry into the EU’s role in global domination: Thinking normative power through the Frankfurt School
Authors: Bachmann Veit , Moisio Sami
Published: April 2024

The European Union (EU) functions as a productive power in the process of expanding the global knowledge economy. As such, it contributes to the planetary organic crisis – as opposed to its claim of countering it. In making this argument, we focus on two of the five dimensions identified by Manners as constitutive of the planetary organic crisis: sociomaterial inequality and ethnonationalism. Both dimensions are of fundamental concern to the normative power approach (NPA) and the Frankfurt School (FS) critical theory. We critically scrutinise how knowledge-based economisation, as the latest phase of capitalist expansion, hierarchises different spaces within and between states. Such sociospatial hierarchisations are often accompanied by alienation processes and are, thus, detrimental for the functioning of the democratic state. While both NPA and the FS share the ambition to work against such hierarchisation, they also share the dilemma of how to advance normative values in a non-authoritarian, non-imperial way. We thus suggest for both the FS and the NPA, and for the EU as geopolitical actor, to draw inspiration from a broader understanding of ‘critical theories’, including postcolonial, feminist or critical race theories as a necessary step to de-imperialise both our theoretical understanding and the EU’s global role.
Study of 3D-printed onyx parts reinforced with continuous glass fibers: Focus on mechanical characterization, analytical prediction and numerical simulation
Authors: Nikiema Daouda , Balland Pascale , Sergent Alain
Published: April 2024

The 3D printing of continuous-fiber composites is currently relevant to engineers and researchers. This study aims to characterize and predict the mechanical properties of Onyx/glass fiber specimens printed using 3D printing. The work assesses the impact of glass fiber printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of printed parts and proposes analytical and numerical methods to predict mechanical properties. A physicochemical analysis was conducted on 3D printed continuous glass fibers. The study also investigated the impact of fiber printing parameters on composite parts. The results indicate that the 3D-printed glass fibers consist of nylon, continuous glass fibers, and voids (porosity), which range from 58% to 63%, 31% to 38%, and 5% to 8%, respectively. Mechanical characterizations indicate that printing fiber layers in blocks results in superior mechanical properties compared to printing alternating layers of glass fibers and Onyx. Additionally, the concentric mode of fiber printing can be challenging if the ‘start rotation’ parameter is not adjusted correctly. Premature specimen breakage occurred when fiber printing began within their useful length, resulting in a deformation at break that was approximately 34% less, depending on the starting position. The proposed analytical and numerical prediction methods had prediction errors of approximately 7% to 12% and 5% to 7%, respectively. Engineers can use these prediction approaches during the dimensioning phase of 3D printed composite parts.
Invisible Wounds: Exploring the Coping Strategies of Black Survivors of Homicide Victims in Canada
Authors: Sharpe Tanya , Aqil Nauman , Donkin Victoria
Published: April 2024

Canada has experienced a steady increase in homicide. Specifically, out of the 10 provinces and 3 territories, Ontario has consistently experienced the highest number of homicides, the majority concentrated within predominantly African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) communities in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Despite this disproportionate reality, there is limited research on the ways in which survivors of homicide victims cope with the murder of their loved ones. This article explores the identification and characterization of coping strategies for ACB survivors of homicide victims residing in five neighbourhoods in the GTA. Participants in this study provided their insights and experiences, highlighting the coping mechanisms employed, the influence of cultural identity, and the challenges they experienced in accessing adequate care following the death of their loved ones. Implications for future research, policy and practice are discussed.
Texture evolution and stress formation behaviour during tensile deformation using crystal plasticity finite element method
Authors: Qu Yang , Zhao Qi , Ma Dongwei
Published: April 2024

In this work, a three-dimensional crystal plasticity (CP) model was constructed to study the texture evolution behaviour and stress distribution of AA2024 alloy under uniaxial tensile conditions. After parameter calibration, the accuracy of simulated stress–strain curve reached 98.82%, and with good convergence. It was found that the {111} plane dots of Brass in (111) pole figure predominantly prolong at an angle of approximately 35.8° with respect to the RD, while those of Copper, S, Goss and Cube scatter towards almost all directions by the way in a circular augmentation. Moreover, it was revealed that Brass orientation is more conducive to alleviating stress during deformation process, while Copper is the least effective. The situations for Cube and Goss orientations are similar.
Death education interventions for people with advanced diseases and/or their family caregivers: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Tong , Cheung Kin , Cheng Huilin
Published: April 2024

Background:

People with life-threatening diseases and their family caregivers confront psychosocial and spiritual issues caused by the persons’ impending death. Reviews of death education interventions in the context of life-threatening diseases are scarce and limited to certain intervention types.

Aims:

This study aims to ascertain existing evidence on death education interventions for the population of adults with advanced diseases and/or their family caregivers and identify gaps for future research.

Design:

A scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework.

Data sources:

Thirteen electronic databases were searched for experimental and qualitative studies on death education interventions for the advanced disease population and/or their family caregivers between 1 January 1960 and 25 October 2023.

Results:

Nine types of interventions were identified in 47 studies, which included 5 qualitative and 42 experimental designs, half of which were pilot and feasibility trials. Most of the studies focused on people with advanced cancer, and only seven investigated caregivers or families/couples. Death-related outcomes were less likely to be assessed relative to psychological outcomes, spiritual well-being, and quality of life. Life review interventions, cognitive-behavior therapy, narrative therapy, and general psychosocial interventions decreased depression and anxiety, but evidence was limited. Factors contributing to the interventions’ success included intervention content, which enabled the disclosure of personal experience and death concerns comfortably, trained professionals, and connection to family caregivers.

Conclusions:

This work identified a few potentially effective death education interventions for psychological outcomes for people with advanced cancer or their caregivers. Additional trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these interventions.
Assessing the Safety Implications of Raising Speed Limits in Texas Freeways
Authors: Avelar Raul E. , Dixon Karen , Ashraf Sruthi , Lord Dominique
Published: April 2024

Texas has recently increased speed limits to 75 mph or higher for selected freeways. This research evaluated the safety effectiveness of this change based on a large dataset developed from data provided by the Texas Department of Transportation and combined with data collected using satellite and street-level imagery. The evaluation was performed based on a mixed-effects model accounting for differences in exposure, cross-sectional differences, and safety shifts among longitudinal subsets in the data representing the speed limit changes at different dates and with different comparison groups of sites. This paper documents the application of interrupted time series analysis, a subset of longitudinal methodology to assess the safety changes of raising speed limits to 75 mph on Texas freeways. The analysis resulted in crash modification factors indicating statistically significant increases in seven crash types in rural Texas freeways, ranging from 10.6% for PDO crashes up to 39.2% for crashes involving an overturned vehicle.
Lateral Ankle Joint Injuries in Indoor and Court Sports: A Systematic Video Analysis of 445 Nonconsecutive Case Series
Authors: Bagehorn Timo , de Zee Mark , Fong Daniel T.P. , Thorborg Kristian , Kersting Uwe G. , Lysdal Filip Gertz
Published: April 2024

Background:

Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in indoor and court sports. Self-reports and case studies have indicated that these injuries occur via both contact and noncontact injury mechanisms typically because of excessive inversion in combination with plantarflexion and adduction of the foot. Video-based documentation of the injury mechanism exists, but the number of cases reported in the literature is limited.

Purpose:

To retrieve and systematically analyze a large number of video-recorded lateral ankle injuries from indoor and court sports, as well as describe the injury mechanism, injury motion, and injury pattern across different sports.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 445 unique video-recorded lateral ankle sprain injuries were retrieved from indoor and court sports of broadcasted levels of competition. The videos were independently analyzed by 2 different reviewers. Outcomes included classification of the injury mechanism according to the International Olympic Committee consensus guidelines, primary and secondary motions of ankle joint distortion, and documentation of the fixation point (fulcrum) around which the foot rotates.

Results:

Overall, 298 (67%) injuries were direct contact, 113 (25%) were noncontact, and 32 (7%) were indirect contact incidents. Direct contact injuries were especially prevalent in basketball (76%), handball (80%), and volleyball (85%), while noncontact injuries dominated in tennis and badminton (96% vs 95% across both). Inversion (65%) and internal rotation (33%) were the primary distortion motions, with the lateral forefoot (53%) and lateral midfoot (40%) serving as the main fulcrums. Landing on another player's foot was the leading cause of injury (n = 246; 55%), primarily characterized by inversion (79%) around a midfoot fulcrum (54%). The noncontact and indirect landings on floor (n = 144; 33%) were primarily characterized by a distortion around a forefoot fulcrum (69%).

Conclusion:

Two of 3 ankle sprains from online video platforms were direct contact injuries, with most involving landing on another player's foot. The distortion motion seems to be related to the injury mechanism and the fixation point between the foot and the floor. The injury mechanisms varied greatly between sports, and future studies should clearly differentiate and investigate the specific injury mechanisms.
Overcoming Methodological Challenges for Advancing Stem Cell Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Polgar Stephen , Finkelstein David I. , Karimi Leila
Published: April 2024

The quest for new and improved therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains of paramount importance, despite previous trial failures. There is a current debate regarding the potential of stem cell research as a therapeutic approach for PD. The studies of dopaminergic fetal stem cells for PD treatment, their design, and the results of the initial surgical placebo-controlled trials were reviewed in this study. Some of the fundamental methodological challenges and possible strategies to resolve them were proposed. In this article, we argue that the most important impact lies in the proof-of-principle demonstrated by clinical trials for cell replacement strategies in reconstructing the human brain. While some researchers argue that the considerable technical challenges associated with cell therapies for PD warrant the discontinuation of further development using stem cells, we believe that the opposing viewpoints are instrumental in identifying a series of methodological misunderstandings. Here, we propose to expose key challenges to ensure the advancement of the field and unlock the potential of stem cell therapies in PD treatment. Overall, this review underscores the need for further research and innovation to overcome the hurdles in realizing the potential of stem cell–based therapies for PD.