bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Solder Joint Fatigue Life Using Product Model-Based Analysis Models
Authors: Cimtalay Selçuk , Peak Russell S. , Fulton Robert E.
Published: July 2023

Product Model-Based Analysis Models (PBAMs) have been presented as highly automated analysis modules for designer usage. Previous examples such as solder joint fatigue PBAMs have shown how explicit design-analysis associativity linkages enable seamless interfaces to solution tools (e.g., finite element analysis systems). These examples focused on using PBAMs for design verification, where a criteria such as fatigue life was checked given one design state as an input.

This paper presents a technique which utilizes PBAMs for design optimization. An example is given which maximizes solder joint fatigue life by iteratively changing PBAM inputs (the design variables) based on PBAM outputs (the analysis results). Benefits of the technique include the modular and flexible addition of an optimization agent to existing analysis modules.
Design of Automotive Body Structure for Roof Crush
Authors: Mahmood H. F. , Baccouche M. R.
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the parameters that influence the design and analysis of automotive structures subject to roof crush loading. Influence of components such as roof bows, A-pillars, B-pillars, roof side rails, windshield header, and windshield glass on the load carrying capacity of the green house structure is discussed. Several analysis of the roof model were carried out to simulate the effect of roof bows, windshield glass, windshield header, and roof side rail span. The results of this analysis are discussed in terms of components contribution to the strength and stability of the greenhouse structure. The mode of collapse of the 3D roof structure is analyzed and the formulation of the plastic hinges and maximum collapse moment is discussed.

Results from a non-linear finite beam element system code are presented in this paper. Axial and bending strengths, sequences of failure, and modes of collapse from this code are discussed at both the component and system level. Also presented in this paper is a summary of engineering guidelines and recommendations for designing roof structure components to carry roof crush load.
Crush Behavior of Spot Welded Hat Section Components With Material Comparison
Authors: Omar Tarek A. , Kan Cing-Dao , Bedewi Nabih E.
Published: July 2023

The computer aided design of vehicle steel alloy structures is well understood and fairly reliable. Finite element (FE) models for crash analysis, in both frontal and side impact, can be developed with high degrees of fidelity, and are playing a major role in automotive design today. The substitution of aluminum alloys in the load bearing components has added a level of complexity in the FE modeling. Issues related to validation of material constitutive models, failure modes, fracture and general material modeling have to be addressed in these new materials.

This paper describes the results of a study conducted to investigate and compare the crush performance of mild steel and aluminum alloy in main frontal load bearing vehicle components. Finite element models of spot-welded hat section stub columns were created and numerically simulated using the non-linear dynamic code LS-DYNA3D. Recommendations are provided for both FE models and simulation parameters in order to obtain an accurate and fair representation of the real test. Much of the analysis is obtained on optimization of results with respect to computation time. The crush behavior of hat section stub columns was studied under quasi-static and dynamic loading rates and then validated against published experimental results. Two different steel alloys and two different aluminum alloys have been used in the analysis. The strain rate effect has been considered for the steel alloys under two crushing rates of 8 m/s and 12 m/s. The mathematical modeling of resistance spot-welding joints in aluminum was also considered. Parameters as energy absorption, peak crush load capacity, and the crush distance are used to compare the crush behavior of steel and aluminum alloys in the main load bearing components.
Analytical Studies of Airbag System Design for Side Impacts
Authors: Wang J. T. , Deng Y.-C. , Ressler G. E.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we present an analytical study of design optimization of side airbag systems with respect to three chosen driver-side-like prototype inflators. An airbag/SID model has been developed in CAL3D. This model was used with a CAL3D design optimization program to identify airbag designs that met all FMVSS 214 requirements, assuming the feasibility of developing such a system in hardware. The results of this study were then used to guide the experimental work of side airbag system development.
A Numerical Correlation for the Solidification of Liquid Metal Droplets Impacting Onto a Substrate
Authors: Tong Albert Y. , Holt Brendon R.
Published: July 2023

The problem of normal incidence impact with solidification of a spherical liquid metal droplet onto a rigid planar substrate is studied. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite-volume formulation with a fixed grid. The free surface of the droplet is tracked by the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The surface tension on the droplet surface is evaluated by a Continuum Surface Force (CSF) model. The energy equation which includes both convection-diffusion heat transfer and a mushy-region for the phase change (solidification) is modeled by using an enthalpy-based formulation. The method developed provides a comprehensive model of the dynamic and thermal aspects of the impact process. A parametric study has been performed. The effects of several parameters on the spread of the droplet on the substrate are determined. The information is used to develop, via dimensional analysis, a relationship between non-dimensional numbers and the spread factor. A correlation that predicts the spread factor as a function of some non-dimensional numbers is obtained which can serve as a design tool for liquid metal jetting applications. The correlation agrees with the experimental data available in the literature suggesting that the basic impact mechanics have been captured in the numerical model.
A Technique for Measuring Volume and True Density of the Solid Matrix of Cartilaginous Tissues
Authors: Gu W. , Lewis B. , Lai W. M. , Ratcliffe A. , Mow V. C.
Published: July 2023

Cartilage and intervertebral disc (IVD) are examples of charged hydrated soft tissues consisting of three phases: a water phase, a solid phase (e.g., the collagen-proteoglycan matrix) and an ion phase (e.g., NaCl). It has been known for many years that the mechanical and swelling behaviors of these tissues are affected by their water content. For example, both theoretically and experimentally, we know that the hydraulic permeability and the aggregate modulus are related to the tissue porosity, density, and fixed charge density [1–6]. These intrinsic tissue properties will also influence other mechanical behaviors of the tissue, such as creep and stress-relaxation. To quantify these types of functional dependence, a triphasic constitutive law was developed to describe the mechanical and physicochemical behaviors of charged-hydrated soft tissues [6]. In this theory, it was postulated that the Helmholtz free energy functions depend on the apparent densities of the constituents which are related to the porosity of the tissue and true density of the constituents. However, the true porosity (water volume per unit volume of tissue) and the true density of the solid matrix (solid mass per unit volume of solid) have never been measured Thus the objective of this investigation is to develop an accurate method to measure the volumes of such tissues and of its solid matrix. From these measured volumes the true porosity and true density of the solid matrix can be calculated.
Finite Element Analysis of the Role of Dynamic Perfusion and Optical Properties in Laser Coagulation of Biological Tissue
Authors: Kim Beop-Min , Rastegar Sohi , Jacques Steven L. , Thomsen Sharon , Motamedi Massoud
Published: July 2023

Laser coagulation of highly vascular biological tissue such as prostate or liver includes coupled optical and thermal processes [1]-[2] which may not be accurately modeled if temperature dependence of tissue properties are not taken into consideration. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dynamically varying blood perfusion rate and tissue optical properties during heating on the final depth of lethal thermal damage using a nonlinear finite element method (NFEM).
Transient Impact Response of the Body During a Fall on the Outstretched Hand
Authors: Chiu James , Robinovitch Stephen N.
Published: July 2023

The distal radius is the most commonly fractured bone in the human body. Over 90% of such fractures are caused by falls onto the outstretched hand [1]. However, few biomechanics studies have explored the risk for distal radius fracture associated with a fall onto the upper extremity, or the reduction in fracture risk provided by wrist guards or energy absorbing floors.
Mechanical Strain Environment Controls New Bone Formation During Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Richards Mark , Weiss Jeffrey A. , Alsberg Eben , Shibuya Takaaki , Schaffler Mitchell B. , Goldstein Steven A. , Goulet James A.
Published: July 2023

An animal model of distraction osteogenesis was used to investigate the effects of altered stresses and strains on tissue development, differentiation, and repair. Osteotomies were performed at 0 and 45 degrees to create different mechanical environments within the distraction gap. Finite element simulations of functional loading and actual distractions indicated significant changes in the gap deformation field. These differences correlated with significant decreases in new bone volume and changes in trabecular architecture for the 45-degree case.
Control of Mixing With Micro Injectors for Combustion Application
Authors: Tseng Fan-Gang , Linder Christian , Kim Chang-Jin , Ho Chih-Ming
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we propose to use micro injectors to control mixing of flow for combustion enhancement. The principle and development of the micro injectors are described. Ejection of droplets (8 μm in diameter) from the micro injectors has been detected with a pulse train of 53 mA current, 1 kHz frequency, and 1/30 duty cycle. In parallel, an air jet experiment has been performed to control the shedding frequency of the air jet with perpendicularly injected droplets by utilizing a commercial inkjet printhead (HP 51604A) as the source of droplets. The results demonstrated the ability for the injected droplets to change the flow’s characteristic frequency from the natural shedding one to the forcing (injection) one.
Monatomic and Polyatomic Gas Flow Through Uniform Microchannels
Authors: Shih Jack C. , Ho Chih-Ming , Liu Jianqiang , Tai Yu-Chong
Published: July 2023

The phenomenon of flow through a small channel with dimensions of 4000μm × 40μm × 1.2μm is examined. The microchannel is manufactured by incorporating procedures originally designed to fabricated integrated circuit chips. Chip packaging is done to connect the micropressure transducers on the chip to a data acquisition system for pressure distribution measurements. Mass flow rate on the order of 10−12kg/s is measured using an accumulation scheme. Helium and nitrogen gases are used in the study. Flow is modeled using the Navier-Stokes equation together with the slip boundary condition.
Micro Manipulation Based on Micro Physics: Micro Pyramids on Endeffector Surface for Attractive Force Reduction
Authors: Arai Fumihito , Andou Daisuke , Nonoda Yukio , Fukuda Toshio
Published: July 2023

Micro manipulation is required for assembling and maintenance of micro machines and their parts. As the handling objects are miniaturized, attractive forces such as van der Waals force, surface tension force and electrostatic force between micro objects and gripper surface become dominant in the air, and they work as adhesive forces. We cannot neglect such adhesive forces in micro manipulation. We should consider the physical phenomena in the micro world for micro manipulation. So, we propose reduction methods of adhesive forces. Surface roughness of the endeffector surface is effective to reduce the van der Waals force. We propose to make the micro pyramids on endeffector surface by the micromachining techniques. We designed and made a prototype of the micro gripper with the endeffector whose surface is covered with the micro pyramids. Micro pyramids were effective for van der Waals force reduction.
Fabrication of Surface-Micromachined Polysilicon Microactuators Using HF Gas-Phase Etching Process
Authors: Lee Jong Hyun , Park Kyung Ho , Lee Chun Su , Baek Jong Tae , Kim Chang-Jin , Yoo Hyung Joun
Published: July 2023

The newly developed HF GPE (gas-phase etching) process is introduced as an effective release method for polysilicon surface micromachining. With no liquid involved during any of the steps for releasing, unlike other reported release techniques, the HF GPE process produces polysilicon microstructures with virtually no process-induced stiction problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this new technique by fabricating various polysilicon structures including electrostatic comb drivers. They consist of doped polysilicon as the structural thin film and TEOS (tetraethylorthosilicate) as the sacrificial layer. The troublesome moisture effect, persisting in earlier attempts, is solved by using anhydrous HF gas and CH3OH vapor. The HF GPE process is further tuned for high etch rate, as high as 10 μm/hr, which is comparable to the wet etching. Measurement of the residual-stress gradient through the thickness of the polysilicon layer is also reported.
An Approach to Macromodeling of MEMS for Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Ananthasuresh G. K. , Gupta Raj K. , Senturia Stephen D.
Published: July 2023

The method of linear normal mode summation is utilized here to construct reduced order macromodels to perform the nonlinear dynamic analysis of microelectromechanical devices and systems (MEMS). The validity of the approach is illustrated with the example of a doubly clamped beam under electrostatic actuation. Using the reduced order macromodel, it is possible to observe nonlinear effects such as the frequency shift due to a DC bias voltage, and the amplitude-dependence of resonance frequency. The undamped dynamic pull-in voltage is found to be about 9% less than the quasi-static pull-in voltage. The dynamic simulation results of the macromodel are compared with those of the complete model, and it is noted here that linear normal modes provide an adequate basis to carry out the dynamic analysis with enormous computational advantage while not losing accuracy. The simulation results are also validated with the experimentally measured data for the dynamic and static pull-in voltages, and the time to pull in at voltages beyond the pull-in voltage.
Estimation of number of unmanned aerial vehicles in a scene utilizing acoustic signatures and machine learning
Authors: A. N. Wilson , Jha Ajit , Kumar Abhinav , Cenkeramaddi Linga Reddy
Published: July 2023

With the exponential growth in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based applications, there is a need to ensure safe and secure operations. From a security perspective, detecting and localizing intruder UAVs is still a challenge. It is even more challenging to accurately estimate the number of intruder UAVs on the scene. In this work, we propose a simple acoustic-based technique to detect and estimate the number of UAVs. Our method utilizes acoustic signals generated from the motion of UAV motors and propellers. Acoustic signals are captured by flying an arbitrary number of ten UAVs in different combinations in an indoor setting. The recorded acoustic signals are trimmed, processed, and arranged to create an UAV audio dataset. The UAV audio dataset is subjected to time-frequency transformations to generate audio spectrogram images. The generated spectrogram images are then fed to a custom lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to estimate the number of UAVs in the scene. Following training, the proposed model achieves an average test accuracy of 93.33% as compared to state-of-the-art benchmark models. Furthermore, the deployment feasibility of the proposed model is validated by running inference time calculations on edge computing devices, such as the Raspberry Pi 4, NVIDIA Jetson Nano, and NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier.
From language development to language evolution: A unified view of human lexical creativity
Authors: Brochhagen Thomas , Boleda Gemma , Gualdoni Eleonora , Xu Yang
Published: July 2023

A defining property of human language is the creative use of words to express multiple meanings through word meaning extension. Such lexical creativity is manifested at different timescales, ranging from language development in children to the evolution of word meanings over history. We explored whether different manifestations of lexical creativity build on a common foundation. Using computational models, we show that a parsimonious set of semantic knowledge types characterize developmental data as well as evolutionary products of meaning extension spanning over 1400 languages. Models for evolutionary data account very well for developmental data, and vice versa. These findings suggest a unified foundation for human lexical creativity underlying both the fleeting products of individual ontogeny and the evolutionary products of phylogeny across languages.
Climbing fiber multi-innervation of mouse Purkinje dendrites with arborization common to human
Authors: Busch Silas E. , Hansel Christian
Published: July 2023

Canonically, each Purkinje cell (PC) in the adult cerebellum receives only one climbing fiber (CF) from the inferior olive. Underlying current theories of cerebellar function is the notion that this highly conserved one-to-one relationship renders Purkinje dendrites into a single computational compartment. However, we discovered that multiple primary dendrites are a near-universal morphological feature in humans. Using tract tracing, immunolabeling, and in vitro electrophysiology, we found that in mice ~25% of mature multibranched cells receive more than one CF input. Two-photon calcium imaging in vivo revealed that separate dendrites can exhibit distinct response properties to sensory stimulation, indicating that some multibranched cells integrate functionally independent CF-receptive fields. These findings indicate that PCs are morphologically and functionally more diverse than previously thought.
Formate oxidation in the intestinal mucus layer enhances fitness of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Winter Maria G. , Hughes Elizabeth R. , Muramatsu Matthew K. , Jimenez Angel G. , Chanin Rachael B. , Spiga Luisella , Gillis Caroline C. , McClelland Michael , Andrews-Polymenis Helene , Winter Sebastian E.
Published: July 2023

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium induces intestinal inflammation to create a niche that fosters the outgrowth of the pathogen over the gut microbiota. Under inflammatory conditions,
Salmonella
utilizes terminal electron acceptors generated as byproducts of intestinal inflammation to generate cellular energy through respiration. However, the electron donating reactions in these electron transport chains are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how formate utilization through the respiratory formate dehydrogenase-N (FdnGHI) and formate dehydrogenase-O (FdoGHI) contribute to gut colonization of
Salmonella
. Both enzymes fulfilled redundant roles in enhancing fitness in a mouse model of
Salmonella
-induced colitis, and coupled to tetrathionate, nitrate, and oxygen respiration. The formic acid utilized by
Salmonella
during infection was generated by its own pyruvate-formate lyase as well as the gut microbiota. Transcription of formate dehydrogenases and pyruvate-formate lyase was significantly higher in bacteria residing in the mucus layer compared to the lumen. Furthermore, formate utilization conferred a more pronounced fitness advantage in the mucus, indicating that formate production and degradation occurred predominantly in the mucus layer. Our results provide new insights into how
Salmonella
adapts its energy metabolism to the local microenvironment in the gut.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial pathogens must not only evade immune responses but also adapt their metabolism to successfully colonize their host. The microenvironments encountered by enteric pathogens differ based on anatomical location, such as small versus large intestine, spatial stratification by host factors, such as mucus layer and antimicrobial peptides, and distinct commensal microbial communities that inhabit these microenvironments. Our understanding of how
Salmonella
populations adapt its metabolism to different environments in the gut is incomplete. In the current study, we discovered that
Salmonella
utilizes formate as an electron donor to support respiration, and that formate oxidation predominantly occurs in the mucus layer. Our experiments suggest that spatially distinct
Salmonella
populations in the mucus layer and the lumen differ in their energy metabolism. Our findings enhance our understanding of the spatial nature of microbial metabolism and may have implications for other enteric pathogens as well as commensal host-associated microbial communities.
Fluvial response to Late Pleistocene–Holocene climate change in the Colorado River drainage, central Texas, USA
Authors: Gutiérrez E. Gabriela , Stockli Daniel F.
Published: July 2023

We documented the impact of Late Pleistocene–Holocene climate change on terrace deposits and preserved channels in the unglaciated drainage of the Colorado River in central Texas (south-central United States) using integrated channel morphology and provenance analysis. Detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb ages (n = 1850) from fluvial terrace deposits and new quantitative analysis of fluvial channel morphology based on LiDAR data were used to reconstruct sediment provenance and shifts in paleohydraulic conditions during Late Pleistocene to Holocene aridification. These data reveal a reduction in fluvial channel size and discharge temporally coupled with a rapid shift in erosion locus and dominant sediment sourcing, from the Southern Rocky Mountains to the Llano area, during the glacial-interglacial transition. Geomorphic mapping and morphometric analysis show narrowing of river channels linked to diminishing Colorado River discharge. DZ data show an abrupt shift to erosion in the lower drainage basin and the remobilization of older terraces due to river incision and lateral channel migration. We attribute these systematic changes to upper-basin contraction caused by drainage reorganization and aridification during the Late Pleistocene, as well as the onset of enhanced convective precipitation sourced from the Gulf of Mexico, driving focused erosion along the topographic edge of the Llano uplift in central Texas since the early to mid-Holocene.
Supplemental Material: Impact of Mexican Border rift structural inheritance on Laramide rivers of the Tornillo basin, west Texas: Insights from detrital zircon provenance
Authors: Kortyna Cullen , al. et
Published: July 2023

Item S1: Chihuahua fold belt–Tornillo basin cross section. Item S2: Detrital zircon sandstone sample descriptions. Item S3: Detrital zircon U-Pb data. Item S4: Ranked date maximum depositional age (MDA) plots for unselected Dawson Creek detrital zircon samples. Item S5: Ranked date MDA plots for Glenn Springs detrital zircon samples. Item S6: Ranked date MDA plots for unselected Black Peaks Formation detrital zircon samples from Tornillo Flat. Item S7: Ranked date MDA plots for unselected Hannold Hill and Canoe Formation detrital zircon samples from Tornillo Flat. Item S8: Unselected recalculated ranked date MDA plots. Item S9: MDS Shepard plots. Item S10: MDS stress plots. Item S11: List of Laramide-Mexican basin detrital zircon sample names.  
Andean-type, bivergent crustal shortening in the Rinkian orogen: New constraints on the tectonic evolution of Laurentia–West Greenland in the Paleoproterozoic
Authors: Grocott John , Thrane Kristine , McCaffrey Kenneth J.W. , Sleath Phoebe R. , Dziggel Annika
Published: July 2023

The “Rinkian belt” of West Greenland is a metamorphic terrain of Paleoproterozoic age comprising: (1) the north Rinkian fold-thrust belt (FTB)—a pro- or fore-arc domain, highly deformed and metamorphosed with widespread anatexis; (2) the Prøven Igneous Complex—a magmatic arc characterized by hypersthene granitic rocks (“charnockites”); (3) the south Rinkian FTB—an inverted back-arc basin; and 4) a continental margin or foreland. Recognition of this tectonic architecture demonstrates that the “Rinkian” is a bona fide orogenic belt—the Rinkian orogen— and not simply the imbricated lower plate of the Nagssugtoqidian orogen. Arc plutons of the Prøven Igneous Complex were emplaced into the Karrat Group at ca. 1.90–1.85 Ga, dividing a back-arc basin into pro- and retro-arc domains. In the former—the north Rinkian FTB—WSW-directed thrusting (deformation events D1-D2) and high-grade metamorphism were taking place by ca. 1.875 Ga and were continuous through ca. 1.850 Ga with a peak temperature at ca. 1.830 Ma accompanied by anatexis in the Karrat Group and lower units of the Prøven Igneous Complex. In the retro-arc domain—the south Rinkian FTB—thrusting to the E (D1) began at ca. 1.870 Ma followed by thrusting to the W (D2) at ca. 1.830–1.820 Ga with displacement focused into a major high-temperature ductile shear zone which carried the Prøven Igneous Complex in the hanging wall of an Andean-type, crustal-scale, “pop-up” structure. High-temperature deformation continued during D3 when the pro-arc, arc, and retro-arc domains were shortened by bivergent detachment folding and thrusting at ca. 1.820–1.810 Ga.
Advance care planning and hospital outcomes in solid tumour oncology inpatients
Authors: Qeska Denis , Chow Ronald , Balboni Tracy A , Kapo Jennifer , Zimmermann Camilla , Prsic Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To assess the association between advance care planning (ACP) and outcomes of in-hospital mortality, 30-day hospital readmission and 30-day emergency department (ED) visits among patients with cancer.

Methods

This observational cohort analysis included patients with solid tumour malignancies receiving oncology care and admitted at Yale New Haven Hospital between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021.

Results

Among 19 422 patients, 1283 (6.6%) had a documented ACP note. Compared with patients without an ACP, patients with an ACP tended to be older, have longer LOS, be admitted to an oncology inpatient team, subsequently admitted to intensive care unit and have a lower Rothman Index. Multivariable logistic regression identified ACP as independently associated with decreased 30-day readmission (OR=0.70 (95% CI: 0.60 to 0.82)) and 30-day ED visit (OR=0.79 (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.91)), adjusting for in-hospital mortality and patient characteristics.

Conclusion

ACP documentation is associated with decreased readmissions and ED visits, independent of hospice utilisation.
Pleistocene to Holocene volcanism in the Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Russell James K. , Edwards Benjamin R. , Williams-Jones Glyn , Hickson Catherine J.
Published: July 2023

The Canadian Cordillera hosts numerous Pleistocene and Holocene volcanoes and volcanic deposits, including a number of volcanoes that have erupted within the last several hundred years. The nature and composition of volcanic edifices and deposits are diverse and dictated by the complex configuration of tectonic plates along the western margin of British Columbia and the thermal structure of the underlying mantle. Our modern knowledge of these is built upon more than a century of field- and increasingly, laboratory-based studies. We recognize five distinct volcanic domains within the Cordillera that are distributed across British Columbia, the Yukon Territory, and easternmost Alaska. These include the Wrangell Volcanic Belt, the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, the Anahim Volcanic Belt, the Wells Grey-Clearwater Volcanic Field, and the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt representing the northern extension of the Cascade Volcanic Arc. Volcanism in the Canadian Cordillera spans the full range of explosive to effusive behaviours, encompasses the suite of common volcanic chemical compositions (alkaline to calc-alkaline and nephelinite to peralkaline rhyolite), and is expressed by long-lived stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and calderas, as well as shorter-lived tephra cones and associated lava flows. The range in tectonic settings (subduction to extension), eruption environments (subaerial–subaqueous–cryospheric), and topographic variability make volcanism within the Canadian Cordillera as diverse as anywhere on Earth, yet it is also the least studied. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning volcanism within the Canadian Cordillera and conclude with thoughts on research areas that merit further effort, namely glaciovolcanism and volcanic hazards.
How hydrophobicity shapes the architecture of protein assemblies
Authors: Cedano Juan A. , Querol Enrique , Mozo-Villarías Angel
Published: July 2023

The interactions that give rise to protein self-assembly are basically electrical and hydrophobic in origin. The electrical interactions are approached in this study as the interaction between electrostatic dipoles originated by the asymmetric distribution of their charged amino acids. However, hydrophobicity is not easily derivable from basic physicochemical principles. Its treatment is carried out here considering a hydrophobic force field originated by “hydrophobic charges”. These charges are indices obtained experimentally from the free energies of transferring amino acids from polar to hydrophobic media. Hydrophobic dipole moments are used here in a manner analogous to electric dipole moments, and an empirical expression of interaction energy between hydrophobic dipoles is derived. This methodology is used with two examples of self-assembly systems of different complexity. It was found that the hydrophobic dipole moments of proteins tend to interact in such a way that they align parallel to each other in a completely analogous way to how phospholipids are oriented in biological membranes to form the well-known double layer. In this biological membrane model (BM model), proteins tend to interact in a similar way, although in this case this alignment is modulated by the tendency of the corresponding electrostatic dipoles to counter-align.

Graphical abstract
Antiferromagnetic spin-3/2 Heisenberg model with the effects of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Albayrak Erhan
Published: July 2023

The antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin-3/2 Heisenberg model is explored by using a mean-field approach (MFA) with the inclusion of spin operators for a square lattice. The considered Hamiltonian consists of the bilinear exchange interaction [Formula: see text] and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) [Formula: see text] parameters between the nearest-neighbor (NN) spins along the z- and y-axes and external magnetic field components [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] acting along the x- and z-axes, respectively. After obtaining the mathematical formulation of the magnetization components along the x- and z-directions in the MFA, their thermal changes are inspected to obtain the phase diagrams on the ([Formula: see text], T) and (H, T) planes for the given values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, with [Formula: see text] which leads to AFM interactions. It is found that the model not only presents the AFM and ferromagnetic (FM) phases but also the random (R) phase regions created by the existence of [Formula: see text] interaction. These three phases are observed to coexist for the appropriate values of given system parameters. The phase lines exhibit reentrant behavior when only the FM and R phases are present.
Optimal Multisecret Image Sharing Using Lightweight Visual Sign-Cryptography Scheme With Optimal Key Generation for Gray/Color Images
Authors: Bachiphale Pramod M. , Zulpe Nitish S.
Published: July 2023

Problem: Digital devices are becoming increasingly powerful and smart, which is improving quality of life, but presents new challenges to privacy protection. Visual cryptographic schemes provide data sharing privacy, but have drawbacks such as extra storage space, lossy secret images, and the need to store permutation keys.

Aim: This paper proposes a light-weight visual sign-cryptography scheme based on optimal key generation to address the disadvantages of existing visual cryptographic schemes and improve the security, sharing quality, and time consumption of multisecret images.

Methods: The proposed light-weight visual sign-cryptography (LW-VSC) scheme consists of three processes: band separation, shares generation, and signcryption/un-signcryption. The process of separation and shares generation is done by an existing method. The multiple shares of the secret images are then encrypted/decrypted using light-weight sign-cryptography. The proposed scheme uses a novel harpy eagle search optimization (HESO) algorithm to generate optimal keys for both the encrypt/decrypt processes.

Results: Simulation results and comparative analysis showed the proposed scheme is more secure and requires less storage space, with faster encryption/decryption and improved key generation quality.

Conclusion: The proposed light-weight visual sign-cryptography scheme based on optimal key generation is a promising approach to enhance security and improve data sharing quality. The HESO algorithm shows promise in improving the quality of key generation, providing better privacy protection in the face of increasingly powerful digital devices.
Social legacy and geoheritage significance of the largely overlooked Catahoula Volcanic Ash of South Texas
Authors: González Juan L. , Hinthorne James R. , Skowroneck Russell K. , Bacha-Garza Roseann , Miller Christopher L. , Hardage Sarah M.
Published: July 2023

The Oligocene–Miocene Catahoula Formation occurs along the length of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain from the Rio Grande to the state of Mississippi. In Starr County, in South Texas, the formation is typified by the 20 m-thick Catahoula Volcanic Ash, interpreted to represent a single caldera eruption. The massive ash fall is the main source of the uranium that has been mined in South Texas since the late 1950s. It is also the origin of massive amounts of petrified wood, which was used in prehistory for making projectile points and continues to be used for landscaping. Diagenetic alteration of the volcanic ash produced the distinctive El Sauz Chert, which was used by native Americans for 10 000 years to make projectile points. More recently, the Catahoula Volcanic Ash was used as pozzolanic aggregate with Portland cement for the construction of Falcon Dam. The outcrop of the Catahoula Volcanic Ash in Starr County is the centrepiece of a geoheritage initiative, titled ‘
Ancient Landscapes of South Texas at the Nexus of Natural and Cultural History
’, whose goal is to connect the earth and social sciences to educate residents, students and visitors in how the region's geology has played a significant role in its social history.
Criterion-based Heterogeneous Collaborative Filtering for Multi-behavior Implicit Recommendation
Authors: Luo Xiao , Wu Daqing , Gu Yiyang , Chen Chong , Liu Luchen , Ma Jinwen , Zhang Ming , Deng Minghua , Huang Jianqiang , Hua Xian-Sheng
Published: July 2023

Recent years have witnessed the explosive growth of interaction behaviors in multimedia information systems, where multi-behavior recommender systems have received increasing attention by leveraging data from various auxiliary behaviors such as tip and collect. Among various multi-behavior recommendation methods, non-sampling methods have shown superiority over negative sampling methods. However, two observations are usually ignored in existing state-of-the-art non-sampling methods based on binary regression: (1) users have different preference strengths for different items, so they cannot be measured simply by binary implicit data; (2) the dependency across multiple behaviors varies for different users and items. To tackle the above issue, we propose a novel non-sampling learning framework namedCriterion-guidedHeterogeneousCollaborativeFiltering (CHCF). CHCF introduces both upper and lower thresholds to indicate selection criteria, which will guide user preference learning. Besides, CHCF integrates criterion learning and user preference learning into a unified framework, which can be trained jointly for the interaction prediction of the target behavior. We further theoretically demonstrate that the optimization of Collaborative Metric Learning can be approximately achieved by the CHCF learning framework in a non-sampling form effectively. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets show the effectiveness of CHCF in heterogeneous scenarios.
Surface-Modification of Doping and Coating Li1.2Ni0.2Co0.08Mn0.52O2 as a Long Life Cathode Material of Lithium-Ion Battery by Sodium Salt Treatment
Authors: Wu Peijia , Zhang Zhen , Wang Furong , Liao Jijun , Fan Wenjun , Lin Chen , Cai Xufeng
Published: July 2023

Lithium-rich layered oxides are considered to be the most promising next-generation lithium-ion cathode materials due to their high specific capacity and energy density. However, its commercialization is limited due to its poor cycling stability and severe voltage decay. A NaH2PO4 molten salt treatment is designed, which simultaneously realizes Na+ doping and phosphate coating to improve the defects of lithium-rich materials. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is of good contact with lithium-rich materials in the process of high temperature melting to facilitate surface sodium doping which is conducive to stabilizing the surface structure through lithium-sodium exchange. At the same time, the phosphate coating produced by lithium-sodium exchange and dehydration on the outer surface of the material can effectively inhibit the corrosion of the electrolyte. The modified material obtained by the synergistic effect of doping and coating has a capacity of 262.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C and 169.6 mAh·g−1 at 5 C, the capacity retention rate of 73.6% after 500 cycles, and the voltage decay is significantly improved. A simple and effective method for improving the electrochemical performance of Li-rich layered materials is provided.
The impact of natural menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive pill phase on substrate oxidation during rest and acute submaximal aerobic exercise
Authors: Williams Jennifer S. , Stone Jenna C. , Masood Zaryan , Bostad William , Gibala Martin J. , MacDonald Maureen J.
Published: July 2023

This study was the first to examine the influence of NAT and two generations of OCPs on substrate oxidation during rest and acute submaximal aerobic exercise. We reported no differences across cycle phases or groups on RER, and minimal impact on carbohydrate or lipid oxidation apart from an increase in carbohydrate oxidation in NAT compared with OCP2 during exercise. Based on these findings, NAT/OCP phase controls may not be necessary in studies investigating substrate oxidation.
Utilization of Jamun Fruit (Syzygium cumini L.) for Value Added Food Products
Authors: El-Safy Samia , Khalifa Asmaa M. , Almashad Aliaa A. , Mohamed Khalil Azhar Mustafa , Hammad Eman M. , Sami Rokayya , Aljahani Amani H. , Pareek Sunil , Helal Mahmoud , Alharthi Sarah , Taha Ibrahim M.
Published: July 2023

The goal of this study is to draw attention to the vital nutrients, health advantages, and potential for encouraging the consumption of jamun fruits (Syzygium cumini L.) and making the most of their useful features to create valuable goods. In the current study, efforts have been made to evaluate the jamun fruit’s physicochemical characteristics and bioactive components. Moreover, ready-to-serve beverages, squash, syrup, and jam, have been prepared, and their quality has been monitored throughout the storage. Jamun fruit had an ovoid or spherical form and was a dark purple tint. The initial analysis of fruits showed 83.59% moisture, 17.56 °Brix, 3.63 pH, 328.50 mg cyd-3-Glu/100 g anthocyanin, 219.21 mg GAE/100 g total phenolics, 91.33 mg QE/100 g total flavonoids, and 91.33% antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography examination, revealed the existence of three main anthocyanin pigments, delphinidin 3, 5-diglucoside, petunidin 3, 5-diglucoside, and malvidin 3, 5-diglucoside, which were measured at 175.80, 156.50, and 83.12 mg/100 g, respectively. While the main phenolic compounds present were chlorogenic, gallic, caffeic, vanillic, and catechin, with respective concentrations of 14.22, 12.18, 10.33, 6.44, and 4.13 mg/100 g. Total soluble solids, pH, and total sugars increased with the storage of jamun products, but acidity, total phenolic, and anthocyanin contents declined. In conclusion, jamun is a fruit that has promise for the future of producing useful goods. The various jamun fruit-based products met good standards and were sensory-acceptable.
Herpes Proctitis in Men Mimicking Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Two Cases of an Easily Overlooked Diagnosis in the Proximal Rectum
Authors: Sun Jing , Malhotra Reenu , Ananthakrishnan Lakshmi , Gopal Purva
Published: July 2023

We describe two cases of rectal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in men that clinically mimicked rectal adenocarcinoma. Herpes infection in this location more commonly presents as an anal mass with viral inclusions in squamous epithelial cells. We report these cases to increase awareness of the unusual presentation as a proximal rectal mass with viral inclusions in endothelial cell nuclei. One patient was HIV-positive, and the other one had a history of having sex with men (MSM). Both patients had a thickened rectal wall with prominent lymphadenopathy on computed tomography (CT) scan, suspecting for malignancy. Biopsy showed abundant granulation tissue, necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of lymphocytes with admixed numerous plasma cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Rare granulation tissue vessels were lined by endothelial cells with nuclear molding and chromatin margination, and nuclei that were positive for HSV immunohistochemistry (IHC). One patient had confirmatory viral culture from biopsy of the ulcerated rectal mass. Both patients had symptom resolution following treatment for HSV. HSV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rectal inflammatory masses, particularly in immunocompromised, HIV-positive, and MSM patients.
A Cross-Diagnosis Method for Determining the Structural Condition of a Long-Span Suspension Bridge Based on the Spatial Windows of Distributed Strain Data
Authors: Xu Qianen , Zhou Zheng , Liu Yang
Published: July 2023

Using structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques, Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors can be mounted along the main box girder entire length of a long-span suspension bridge, and the high-density measured points strain monitoring data can be obtained. However, insufficient research has been conducted on accurately diagnosing the structural condition of a long-span suspension bridge by using the abovementioned strain monitoring data. To address this issue, a cross-diagnosis method that determines the structural condition of long-span suspension bridges based on the distributed strain data spatial window is proposed in this study. First, the distributed strain data spatial window based on a long-span suspension bridge structural symmetry is defined. Then, a method that divides the distributed strain data of the bridge main box girder into different spatial windows using mutual information between the strain data from BOTDA sensors is presented. The special symmetry of the environmental temperature effect on the spatial window structural performance is carried out to separate the temperature effect from the strain monitoring data; this process can effectively reduce the interference of ambient temperature on the results of the structural condition diagnosis. Second, using a convolutional neural network, a diagnosis index of the structural condition is generated by using the correlation model between the high-density measured points and the distributed strain data belonging to one whole spatial window. Regarding one spatial window, the proposed diagnosis index can effectively reflect the variation in the distributed strain correlation model caused by the damaged condition of the long-span suspension bridge to achieve cross-diagnosis of the structural condition of the bridge. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a numerical simulation using strain monitoring data obtained from a real bridge.
New Fractional Inequalities through Convex Functions and Comprehensive Riemann–Liouville Integrals
Authors: Hyder Abd-Allah
Published: July 2023

In most fields of applied sciences, inequalities are important in constructing mathematical systems and associated solution functions. Convexity also has a significant impact on an assortment of mathematical topics. By utilizing a comprehensive version of Riemann–Liouville integrals and the functions’ convexity condition, we present and prove novel fractional inequalities. According to the current literature, this work is a novel addition to the literature, and the proposed technique for addressing fractional inequalities issues is straightforward and simple to execute. It is also easy to see that all of the inequalities that have been developed are inclusive and may be reduced to a variety of other inequalities that have been proposed in the literature. Additionally, certain numeric examples with graphs are provided to support the theoretical results.
Table S3 from T-cell Receptor Therapy Targeting Mutant Capicua Transcriptional Repressor in Experimental Gliomas
Authors: Kilian Michael , Friedrich Mirco , Sanghvi Khwab , Green Edward , Pusch Stefan , Kawauchi Daisuke , Löwer Martin , Sonner Jana K. , Krämer Christopher , Zaman Julia , Jung Stefanie , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Willimsky Gerald , Eichmüller Stefan B. , von Deimling Andreas , Wick Wolfgang , Sahm Felix , Platten Michael , Bunse Lukas
Published: July 2023

Table S3. Primer for single cell T cell receptor sequencing.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Caveolin Gene Expression Predicts Clinical Outcomes for Early-Stage HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy in the GeparSepto Trial
Authors: Williams Terence M. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Jackisch Christian , Shen Changxian , Weber Karsten E. , Fasching Peter A. , Denkert Carsten , Furlanetto Jenny , Heinmöller Ernst , Schmatloch Sabine , Karn Thomas , Szeto Christopher W. , van Mackelenbergh Marion T. , Nekljudova Valentina , Stickeler Elmar , Soon-Shiong Patrick , Schem Christian , Mairinger Thomas , Müller Volkmar , Marme Frederik , Untch Michael , Loibl Sibylle
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figure S2. CAV1 and CAV2 expression in breast cancer.
Supplementary Table S2 from Trackable Intratumor Microdosing and Spatial Profiling Provide Early Insights into Activity of Investigational Agents in the Intact Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Derry Jonathan M.J. , Burns Connor , Frazier Jason P. , Beirne Emily , Grenley Marc , DuFort Christopher C. , Killingbeck Emily , Leon Michael , Williams Claire , Gregory Mark , Houlton Jeffrey , Clayburgh Daniel , Swiecicki Paul , Huszar Dennis , Berger Allison , Klinghoffer Richard A.
Published: July 2023

Primary Antibody Information
Supplementary Figure S9 from Trackable Intratumor Microdosing and Spatial Profiling Provide Early Insights into Activity of Investigational Agents in the Intact Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Derry Jonathan M.J. , Burns Connor , Frazier Jason P. , Beirne Emily , Grenley Marc , DuFort Christopher C. , Killingbeck Emily , Leon Michael , Williams Claire , Gregory Mark , Houlton Jeffrey , Clayburgh Daniel , Swiecicki Paul , Huszar Dennis , Berger Allison , Klinghoffer Richard A.
Published: July 2023

Spatial Reconstruction of Patient 7 and Patient 8