bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging associations enhance the understanding of ECG abnormalities in male Brazilian football players: findings from the B-Pro Foot ECG study
Authors: Ferrari Filipe , da Silveira Anderson D , Ziegelmann Patrícia K , Aleixo Haroldo , Dilda Guilherme D , Emed Luiz G M , Magalhães Flávia C O , Cardoso Fernando B , da Silva Henrique C , Guerra Felipe E F , Soares Luciano G , Bassan Fernando , Braga Fabrício , Herdy Artur H , Froelicher Victor , Stein Ricardo
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal ECG findings and their association with imaging results in male Brazilian football players.

Methods

The ‘B-Pro Foot ECG’ is a multicentre observational study conducted in 82 Brazilian professional clubs. It analysed 6125 players aged 15–35 years (2496 white, 2004 mixed-race and 1625 black individuals) who underwent cardiovascular screening from 2002 to 2023. All ECGs were reviewed by two experienced cardiologists in the athlete’s care. Those with abnormal findings underwent further investigations, including a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was subsequently performed based on TTE findings or clinical suspicion.

Results

In total, 180 (3%) players had abnormal ECGs and 176 (98%) showed normal TTE results. Athletes aged 26–35 years had a higher prevalence of abnormal ECGs than younger athletes (15–25 years). Black players had a higher prevalence of T-wave inversion (TWI) in the inferior leads than white players (2.6% vs 1.4%; p=0.005), as well as in V5 (2.9%) and V6 (2.1%) compared with white (1.2% and 1.0%; p<0.001) and mixed-race (1.5% and 1.2%; p<0.05) players, respectively. TTE parameters were similar across ethnicities. However, four out of 75 players with inferolateral TWI showed abnormal TTEs and CMR findings consistent with cardiomyopathies. CMR also showed cardiomyopathies or myocarditis in four players with inferolateral TWI and normal TTEs. In total, nine (0.1%) athletes were diagnosed with cardiac diseases and were followed for 40±30 months, with no cardiac events documented.

Conclusion

This study found a 3% prevalence of abnormal ECGs in male Brazilian football players. Inferolateral TWI was associated with cardiac pathologies confirmed by CMR, even in athletes with a normal TTE.
Intraosseous access in the resuscitation of patients with trauma: the good, the bad, the future
Authors: Qasim Zaffer A , Joseph Bellal
Published: April 2024

The timely restoration of lost blood in hemorrhaging patients with trauma, especially those who are hemodynamically unstable, is of utmost importance. While intravenous access has traditionally been considered the primary method for vascular access, intraosseous (IO) access is gaining popularity as an alternative for patients with unsuccessful attempts. Previous studies have highlighted the higher success rate and easier training process associated with IO access compared with peripheral intravenous (PIV) and central intravenous access. However, the effectiveness of IO access in the early aggressive resuscitation of patients remains unclear. This review article aims to comprehensively discuss various aspects of IO access, including its advantages and disadvantages, and explore the existing literature on the clinical outcomes of patients with trauma undergoing resuscitation with IO versus intravenous access.
Meshing around: high-risk hernias and infected mesh
Authors: Keric Natasha , Campbell Andre
Published: April 2024

Open laparotomy carries a risk up to 20% for an incisional hernia, making repair one of the most common operations performed by general surgeons in the USA. Despite a multitude of mesh appliances and techniques, no size fits all, and there is continued debate on what is the best mesh type, especially in high-risk patients with contaminated hernias. Infected mesh carries a significant burden to the patient, the surgeon and overall healthcare costs with medical legal implications. A stepwise approach that involves optimization of patient comorbidities, patient selective choice of mesh and technique is imperative in mitigating outcomes and recurrence rates. This review will focus on the avoidance of mesh infection and the selection of mesh in patients with contaminated wounds.
Updates in traumatic brain injury management: brain oxygenation, middle meningeal artery embolization and new protocols
Authors: Egodage Tanya , Patel Purvi Pravinchandra
Published: April 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) confers significant morbidity and mortality, and is a pathology often encountered by trauma surgeons. Several recent trials have evaluated management protocols of patients with severe TBI. The Brain Oxygen Optimization in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Phase-II trial (BOOST-II) evaluated efficacy and feasibility of brain oxygen measurement in severe TBI. BOOST phase 3 trial (BOOST-3) and two ongoing trials look to measure functional outcomes in this population. Furthermore, middle meningeal artery embolization has now become standard therapy for adult patients with chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) and has increasing popularity in those with recurrent SDH as an alternative to surgical intervention. In this manuscript, we review the literature, ongoing trials, and discuss current updates in the management of TBI.
Ethics in disaster, mass casualty care, and critical care
Authors: Egodage Tanya , Doucet Jay , Patel Purvi Pravinchandra , Martin Matthew J
Published: April 2024

The primary ethical principle guiding general medical practice is autonomy. However, in mass casualty (MASCAL) or disaster scenarios, the principles of beneficence and justice become of foremost concern. Despite multiple reviews, publications, and training courses available to prepare for a MASCAL incident, a minority of physicians and healthcare providers are abreast of these. In this review, we describe several MASCAL scenarios and their associated ethical, moral, and medicolegal quandaries in attempts to curb potential future misadventures.
Guidelines for bus speed at intersections under travel time control
Authors: Lai Yuanwen , Chen Yansheng , Easa Said M. , Ma Zhenhong , Zhu Xinyun , Chen Peiyuan , Wang Shuyi
Published: April 2024

To improve the traffic efficiency of bus at a group of intersections and reduce their delay, this paper develops a speed guidance strategy for buses under travel time control at intersection groups. The approach considers the influence of bus departure time, bus station arrival rate, and bus station dwell time. Simulation experiments are carried out on three consecutive intersections along Jinshan Avenue in Fuzhou, China. Results show that the average travel time of buses, the average delay of buses, and the average delay per capita in the priority direction are reduced by 5.5%, 9.9%, and 9.4%, respectively. The optimal rate of the average number of bus stops reached 15.2%. The indicators of the non-priority direction of social vehicles are not significantly affected. It shows that the efficiency of buses has improved after implementing the speed guidance strategy at the intersection groups without affecting the social vehicles as far as possible.
The Devonian clastic wedge and underlying strata of southwestern Canadian Arctic Archipelago: stratigraphic revisions
Authors: Kabanov P.B. , Dewing K.E. , Atkinson E.A. , VandenBerg R.D.
Published: April 2024

The Devonian clastic wedge (DCW) and underlying carbonate platforms and basinal mudrocks of the study area are re-examined using legacy seismic data and X-ray fluorescence surveys of borehole chip samples. The Ordovician–Devonian basinal succession of Melville Island is consolidated under the name Ibbett Bay Group within the Northwest Territories, whereas equivalent strata in Nunavut are grouped into the Cape Phillips Formation. The Kitson Formation black shale is correlative with the upper Ibbett Bay Group. Six horizons with high TOC and high gamma response are traced in the Ordovician–Devonian, with the fourth (4a) approximating the Silurian/Devonian boundary; the upper two (4b, 5) are Emsian and Eifelian. In the direction of progradation, the base of Kitson Formation rises stratigraphically from gamma horizon 4a to 5. The upper Kitson represents basinal toes of westward prograding DCW clinoforms. The Blackley and Cape de Bray formations of Embry and Klovan (Embry, A.F., and Klovan, J.E. 1976. The middle-upper devonian clastic wedge of the franklinian geosyncline. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 24: 485–639. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/cspg/bcpg/article/24/4/485/57135) are not traceable enough to warrant their formation rank. We revert to the original usage of Tozer and Thorsteinsson (Tozer, E.T., and Thorsteinsson, R. 1964. Western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 332: 242 p. doi:10.4095/100556) where these units are members within the Weatherall Formation. The distinctive seismic character of the Cape de Bray in western and central Melville Island warrants its recognition as a formal member; elsewhere, it is informal as it cannot be consistently traced. The Blackey is treated as a formal member in an outcrop area of ∼2000 km 2 where it was defined; it is not recognized in the subsurface. Onset of the DCW is tentatively linked to flexural subsidence and crustal thickening caused by the Romanzof Orogeny in the hinterland.
Terra-22: an aerial soil sampling in densely compacted agricultural fields
Authors: Klopfenstein Hugo B. , Lussier Desbiens Alexis
Published: April 2024

Soil sampling is used in agriculture to monitor fields and plan fertilizer application. This task is typically performed manually, but ground robots have recently been introduced. However, ground robots are often slow and heavy, which contributes to soil compaction. Fast-flying drones could provide an interesting alternative to ground robots. However, drones are severely limited in their payload and in the forces that they can apply to the soil. This paper presents the Terra-22, the first airborne system capable of sampling densely compacted agricultural soils. To do so, many challenges were addressed, including the development of (i) a high-power density drilling system that outperforms typical brushed DC gear motor by 39%, (ii) a drill design that is 48% lighter than traditional steel auger drills and that keeps cross-contamination under 4%, and (iii) a drill penetration rate controller that reduces the torque requirement by 33% and the axial force requirement by eight folds when compared to a constant penetration speed controller. Outdoor soil sampling tests in a corn field (sandy loam soil, compaction between 0.8 and 2 MPa) demonstrated a 94% success rate on flat terrain and a sampling duration under one minute.
Masses and magnetic moments of doubly heavy tetraquarks via diffusion Monte Carlo method
Authors: Mutuk Halil
Published: April 2024

We present mass spectrum and magnetic moments of the $$\bar{n}\bar{n}QQ$$

n

¯

n

¯

Q
Q

states, where $$n=u,d,s$$

n
=
u
,
d
,
s

and $$Q=c,b.$$

Q
=
c
,
b
.

We solve four-body Schrödinger equation with a quark potential model by using diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method. The quark potential is based on the Coulomb, confinement and spin–spin interaction terms. We find mass and magnetic moment of the $$T_{cc}^+$$

T

cc

+

state as $$M_{T_{cc}^+}=3892 ~\text {MeV}$$

M

T

cc

+

=
3892

MeV

and $$\mu =0.28 \mu _N,$$

μ
=
0.28

μ
N

,

respectively. We also find the mass and magnetic moment of $$T_{bb}^-$$

T

bb

-

as $$M_{T_{bb}^-}=10338 ~\text {MeV}$$

M

T

bb

-

=
10338

MeV

and $$\mu =-0.32 \mu _N,$$

μ
=
-
0.32

μ
N

,

respectively. We find some bound state candidates of doubly heavy tetraquark systems with $$I(J^P)=0(1)^+$$

I

(

J
P

)

=
0

(
1
)

+

$$nn {\bar{b}} {\bar{b}},$$

n
n

b

¯

b

¯

,

$$I(J^P)=0(0)^+$$

I

(

J
P

)

=
0

(
0
)

+

$$nn {\bar{c}} {\bar{b}},$$

n
n

c

¯

b

¯

,

$$I(J^P)=0(1)^+$$

I

(

J
P

)

=
0

(
1
)

+

$$nn {\bar{c}} \bar{b},$$

n
n

c

¯

b

¯

,

and $$I(J^P)=1/2(1)^+$$

I

(

J
P

)

=
1
/
2

(
1
)

+

$$ns {\bar{b}} {\bar{b}}.$$

n
s

b

¯

b

¯

.

We compare our results with other approaches in the literature.
Numerical solutions of thin film flows of non-Newtonian fluids via optimal homotopy asymptotic approach
Authors: Qayyum Mubashir , Faisal Muhammad , Rezapour Shahram , Inc Mustafa
Published: April 2024

The objective of this research is to recover new solutions in the lifting and drainage cases of thin film flows involving non-Newtonian fluid models namely Pseudo-Plastic (PP) and Oldroyd 6-Constant (O6C). Both of the considered fluids exhibit numerous uses in industry when coupled with thin film phenomena. Some of the industrial applications include decorative and optical coatings, prevention of metallic corrosion and lithography of various diodes, sensors and detectors. For solution purpose, a modified version of Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) is proposed in which Daftardar–Jafari polynomials will replace the classical OHAM polynomials in nonlinear problems and provide better results in terms of accuracy. The paper includes a comprehensive application of modified algorithm in the case of thin film phenomena. To validate the obtained series solutions, the paper employs a rigorous assessment of convergence and validity by computing the residual errors in each scenario. For showing the effectiveness of modified algorithm, numerical comparison of classical and modified OHAMs is also presented in this study. Furthermore, the study conducts an in-depth graphical analysis to assess the impact of fluid parameters on velocity profiles both in lifting and drainage scenarios. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the proposed modification of OHAM ensures better accuracy of solutions than the classical OHAM. Consequently, this method can be effectively utilized for tackling more advanced situations.
On the circuit model of two quantum adiabatic search algorithms
Authors: Sun Jie
Published: April 2024

The early work of Wei et al. has shown that it is possible to do the computation in constant time for quantum search in quantum local adiabatic evolution framework if the system Hamiltonian has an extra enlarged factor proportional to the square-root of the size of the problem. Also in our prior work, we have shown that it is possible to apply a linear interpolating path in the system Hamiltonian to achieve an O(1) time complexity for a quantum global adiabatic computation. In this paper, we discuss the issues when implementing these two quantum algorithms on the quantum circuit model, and find that to our surprise, the time slices produced does not equal to the time complexity of the algorithm in each case. This is in contrast to the previous related results, because there these two quantities always coincide. When taking into account of the whole energy-level increase of the system compared with that of the usual quantum adiabatic evolutions and the corresponding time complexity simultaneously, we find that the time slices needed always consist of the two quantities multiplying together. This result is new, and may be hopeful to find application in designing quantum adiabatic algorithm for problems beyond quantum search.
Comparing different operating regimes of a Dicke quantum battery
Authors: Gemme Giulia , Sassetti Maura , Ferraro Dario
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we consider a quantum battery, namely a miniaturized device able to store energy and release it on-demand. In the so-called Dicke configuration, it is made of [Formula: see text] two-level systems embedded into a cavity which plays the role of charger. In this context, we compare two different situations, namely: the resonant regime, where the energy of the two-level systems is the same as the one of the photons trapped in the cavity, and the off-resonant regime, where the photons are way more energetic. We observe that, while the energy stored per two-level system is comparable in the two cases, the average charging power, despite showing the same asymptotic superextensive scaling, is strongly suppressed in the latter. This analysis will help to orient future experimental implementations of these devices.
Natural hydrogen: sources, systems and exploration plays
Authors: Jackson Owain , Lawrence Steve R. , Hutchinson Ian P. , Stocks Andrew E. , Barnicoat Andrew C. , Powney Mike
Published: April 2024

Several sources of natural hydrogen are known or postulated but the process of serpentinization, the action of water on ultramafic rocks, is shown to be the most effective. Studies indicate that the rates and volumes generated by high-temperature serpentinization, (i.e. in the temperature range of 200–320°C), could feed a focused hydrogen system potentially capable of sealing and trapping gas-phase hydrogen in commercially-sized accumulations.

Natural hydrogen is generated by serpentinization wherever ultramafic rocks can be penetrated by aqueous fluids. This includes diverse geotectonic settings ranging from divergent and convergent plate margins to intra-plate orogenic belts and Precambrian cratons.

The ‘hydrogen system’ describes the generation, migration and sealing/trapping of hydrogen. There are two parts to the ‘generic hydrogen system’: the ‘source-generation sub-system’ requires an ultramafic protolith, usually in basement, and a supply of water penetrating basement rocks. In the ‘migration-retention sub-system’ migration, sealing and entrapment of gas-phase hydrogen behaves the same as for hydrocarbon gases.

The hydrogen system by serpentinization is used to develop play models to guide exploration in the accessible and exploitable geotectonic settings of continental cratons, ophiolites and convergent margins.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Hydrogen as a future energy source collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/hydrogen
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinases
Authors: Alessi Dario R. , Pfeffer Suzanne R.
Published: April 2024

Activating mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) represent the most common cause of monogenic Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 is a large multidomain protein kinase that phosphorylates a specific subset of the ∼65 human Rab GTPases, which are master regulators of the secretory and endocytic pathways. After phosphorylation by LRRK2, Rabs lose the capacity to bind cognate effector proteins and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Moreover, the phosphorylated Rabs cannot interact with their cognate prenyl-binding retrieval proteins (also known as guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors) and, thus, they become trapped on membrane surfaces. Instead, they gain the capacity to bind phospho-Rab-specific effector proteins, such as RILPL1, with resulting pathological consequences. Rab proteins also act upstream of LRRK2 by controlling its activation and recruitment onto membranes. LRRK2 signaling is counteracted by the phosphoprotein phosphatase PPM1H, which selectively dephosphorylates phospho-Rab proteins. We present here our current understanding of the structure, biochemical properties, and cell biology of LRRK2 and its related paralog LRRK1 and discuss how this information guides the generation of LRRK2 inhibitors for the potential benefit of patients.
Biological Upcycling of Plastics Waste
Authors: Klauer Ross R. , Hansen D. Alex , Wu Derek , Monteiro Lummy Maria Oliveira , Solomon Kevin V. , Blenner Mark A.
Published: April 2024

Plastic wastes accumulate in the environment, impacting wildlife and human health and representing a significant pool of inexpensive waste carbon that could form feedstock for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals, monomers, and specialty chemicals. Current mechanical recycling technologies are not economically attractive due to the lower-quality plastics that are produced in each iteration. Thus, the development of a plastics economy requires a solution that can deconstruct plastics and generate value from the deconstruction products. Biological systems can provide such value by allowing for the processing of mixed plastics waste streams via enzymatic specificity and using engineered metabolic pathways to produce upcycling targets. We focus on the use of biological systems for waste plastics deconstruction and upcycling. We highlight documented and predicted mechanisms through which plastics are biologically deconstructed and assimilated and provide examples of upcycled products from biological systems. Additionally, we detail current challenges in the field, including the discovery and development of microorganisms and enzymes for deconstructing non–polyethylene terephthalate plastics, the selection of appropriate target molecules to incentivize development of a plastic bioeconomy, and the selection of microbial chassis for the valorization of deconstruction products.
How Social Influence Affects Reporting: Toward an Integration of Crime Reporting, Whistleblowing, and Denunciation
Authors: Bergemann Patrick
Published: April 2024

Reporting—often by ordinary individuals—is the most common means by which authorities become aware of crimes, misconduct, and other types of deviant behavior. In this article, I integrate research across a variety of disciplines and domains to review the role of social influence in the decision to report. Such influences operate at the individual, group, and societal levels to shape reporting behavior, as potential reporters respond to both direct and indirect pressures, along with considering the anticipated reactions of others were a report to be made. Together, these influences can either suppress or promote reporting, which shapes who is identified, investigated, and ultimately punished for deviant behavior within organizations, communities, and states.
Sojourners, Not Settlers: Temporary Labor Migration Since the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Cook-Martín David
Published: April 2024

Systems of labor mobility across borders in which states assign a fixed duration to workers’ sojourn—temporary labor migration schemes (TLMSs)—have enabled employers to recruit workers while claiming to avoid the presumed negative consequences of settlement and integration. While existing explanations of TLMSs focus primarily on structural determinants, this article introduces a cumulative contextual model. It begins with a political-economic analysis of labor migration and addresses its gaps by adding an analysis of the ideological legitimations of TLMSs, as well as a consideration of the complex of rules and organizations that implement and regulate state-managed temporary migration. Building on this approach, I propose a typology of TLMSs according to dominant actors, rules that govern the labor relationship, and the gap between discourse about the goals of TLMSs and outcomes. The analysis has implications for immigration and citizenship regimes, for their assumptions of permanence, and for the nature of work.
A Non-Stabilized Supersaturated High-Energy-Density Storage Concept for the Redox Flow Battery and Its Demonstration in an H2-V System
Authors: Mouron Spencer Thomas , Nguyen Trung Van
Published: April 2024

Redox Flow Batteries are ideal for grid-scale energy storage but have low energy density. In an effort to resolve this issue, this work presents an H2-vanadium RFB system that operates with the catholyte above the solubility limit of vanadium ions in the supersaturated regime without the use of chemical stabilizers, necessary for the operation of a novel solid/liquid storage concept. Initial charge/discharge testing was performed at constant potential (1.35 V charge and 0.65 V discharge) increasing Vanadium concentrations from 1.5 M to 2.5 M. Coulometric capacity increased 67% (40.2 Ah l−1 to 67.0 Ah l−1) while average current density decreased 35% (48 mA cm−2 to 31 mA cm−2) with charge/discharge limited to SOC (20%–80%). Continuing charge/discharge with a cutoff current of 5.56 mA cm−2 increased coulombic capacity by 43% (36.4 Ah l−1 to 51.9 Ah l−1) while average current density decreased 17% (27.7 mA cm−2 to 22.9 mA cm−2). Additional testing was performed with constant current charge/discharge (75 mA cm−2), limited by cutoff potential (1.35 V charge and 0.60 V discharge). Coulometric capacity increased 73.5% (26.5 Ah l−1 to 46.0 Ah l−1) with higher working potential for the 2.5 M Vanadium solution. Energy capacity increased 79.1% (25.3 Wh l−1 to 45.3 Wh l−1) with minimal change in charge/discharge power (90.7/−70.9 mW cm−2 to 92.1/−72.8 mW cm−2) and efficiency (77.1% to 78.4%).
UV Curved PESF-LLZTO Composite Solid Electrolyte to In Situ Construct Ultrastable Interface for All Solid-State Lithium Battery
Authors: Wang Enli , Lu Zhengyi , Liu Changfei , Wang Sailong , Yang Ruizhi , Jin Chao
Published: April 2024

Optimizing interfacial contact between electrolyte and electrode is one of key factors to achieve stable all solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). In this work, UV curving technique is reported to produce ASSLBs by in situ constructing integrated interface between PESF-LLZTO composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) and LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode. Benefiting from the integral structure and ultrastable properties of the as-prepared CSE/LFP interface, the obtained ASSLBs delivers an initial discharge specific capacities of 162.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 30 °C, and successfully runs over 520 cycles at 0.5 C with a discharge capacity retention ratio of 96.3%.
Uneven Usage Battery State of Health Estimation via Fractional-Order Equivalent Circuit Model and AutoML Fusion
Authors: Li Zhuoxiang , Zhou Yinjie , Guo Chao , Dang Yagu , Ji Xu , He Ge
Published: April 2024

To accurately predict the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries under the continuously changing charging and discharging conditions in practical applications, this study proposes a hybrid modeling approach that integrates a Fractional Order Equivalent Circuit Model (F-ECM) with the AutoGluon automatic machine learning framework. By leveraging Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to capture battery frequency response characteristics, F-ECM accurately fits EIS data to extract detailed internal state parameters. The integration of AutoGluon automates the machine learning process, enhancing the precision of SOH predictions. Through testing and analysis on real battery datasets, this method has demonstrated superior prediction precision and computational efficiency compared to existing mainstream modeling approaches. Specifically, the hybrid method achieved a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 2.12% and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.67%. This study presents a highly accurate, interpretable, and adaptable predictive framework for lithium-ion battery health assessment, offering valuable insights for battery health management system development.
Enhancement of Performance and Sulfur Tolerance of Ceria-Based Fuel Electrodes in Low Temperature SOFC
Authors: Kullmann F. , Schwiers A. , Juckel M. , Menzler N. H. , Weber A.
Published: April 2024

The trend of operating the solid oxide fuel cell at significantly lower operation temperatures enables the application of electrodes with finer microstructure or even nanostructured electrodes with increased active surface and enhanced performance. To maintain the high performance in hydrocarbon fuels commonly impurified with sulfur compounds, a required sulfur tolerance has to be maintained. In this study we compare performance and H2S-poisoning of four ceria-based electrodes: conventional Ni/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ
cermets and sub-μm scaled Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ
-electrodes with and without infiltrated nickel. Symmetrical cells were operated in a hydrogen/steam/nitrogen gas mixture with and without minor amounts of H2S at 600 °C. The performance is analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The distribution of relaxation times is applied to deconvolute the electrochemical processes followed by a complex nonlinear least square fit to quantify the loss processes and the impact of sulfur. Whereas two different Ni/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ
cermet electrodes exhibit polarization resistances at 600 °C without/with 0.1 ppm H2S of 2.89/5.56 Ωcm2 and 2.15/2.75 Ωcm2, the single phase Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ
electrode reaches 0.98/2.37 Ωcm2. With an infiltration of Ni-nitrate forming nickel nanoparticles on the gadolinia-doped ceria-surfaces, the ASR could be drastically reduced to 0.32/0.37 Ωcm2.
Asymmetric Solid-State Lithium-Metal-Battery Electrolytes Featuring Na Superionic Conductor-Type Ceramic and Garnet-Type Ceramic Filled Composite Polymer
Authors: Kang Dong Jae , Kim Min Joo , Jeong Yu Hong , Chang Gi Hwan , Kim Jonghyun , Lee Seokhee , Lim Hyung-Tae
Published: April 2024

In this study, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP)-based lithium metal battery (LMB) cells are prepared using two different protection layers against Li metal: a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) containing polyethylene oxide and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), and a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) filled with a 14 wt% Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO). The CPE-containing symmetric cell exhibits a smaller overvoltage than that of its SPE-containing counterpart, which is maintained for ∼1000 h at 0.1 mA·cm−2 at 60 °C, owing to enhanced Li-ion transport in the CPE and at the LATP–CPE interface as well as the uniform Li deposition induced by the CPE with a higher Li+ transference number. Post-material analyses reveal that the CPE imparts long-term (∼1000 h) protection to the LATP against Li metal, whereas the SPE is effective over a shorter period (∼100 h). The CPE-based full cell exhibits a higher capacity (∼141 mAh·g−1; with a LiFePO4) and capacity retention (∼95%) than those of the SPE-based full cell (∼130 mAh·g−1 and ∼55%, respectively), for 310 cycles at 60 °C. This study recommends utilizing asymmetric solid electrolytes containing a ceramic (LATP at the cathode) and composite polymer (PEO + LLZTO at the anode) to improve cyclability and suppress Li dendrite growth in solid-state LMBs.
Electrochemical Behavior of Niobium and Titanium Complexes in Chloride-Fluoride Melts with Addition of Alkaline Earth Metal Cations
Authors: Vetrova D. A. , Popova A. V. , Kuznetsov S. A.
Published: April 2024

The standard rate constants of charge transfer (k
s) for the Nb(V)/Nb(IV) redox couple in the NaCl-KCl(equimol.)-NaF(10 wt%)-K2NbF7 melt with addition of alkaline Earth metal cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) were determined. It was found that addition of alkaline Earth metal cations resulted in increasing of k
s to the certain ratio of Me2+/Nb(V) for the all alkaline Earth metal cations due to substitution of Na+ and K+ cations by Me2+ in the second coordination sphere of niobium complexes that leads to decreasing of niobium fluoride complexes stability. Further addition brought to some decrease of the standard rate constants because the viscosity of melts increasing, which brings to decrease of the diffusion coefficients. The standard rate constants increase with increasing of the ionic potential and reach maximum values for the complexes with outer-sphere magnesium cations. Comparative analysis of the electrochemical behavior of Nb(V)/Nb(IV) and Ti(IV/Ti(III)) redox couples in the NaCl-KCl(equimol.)-NaF(10 wt%) melt without and with addition of alkaline Earth metal cations has been done. It was determined that mechanism of electron transfer from the cathode to niobium and titanium complexes in melts containing alkaline Earth metal cations is the same and has a bridge nature.
Challenges of Predicting Temperature Dependent Capacity Loss Using the Example of NMC-LMO Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
Authors: Cloos L. , Langer J. , Schiffler M. , Weber A. , Wetzel Th.
Published: April 2024

In semi-empirical aging modeling of lithium ion-batteries an Arrhenius approach is commonly applied to describe the temperature dependency of a linear capacity loss. However, this dependency can change with degradation modes which was also observed in this cyclic aging study on NMC111-LMO graphite pouch cells in a temperature range of 4 °C to 48 °C. By means of differential voltage analysis and post-mortem analysis we correlated different regimes in capacity loss to degradation modes and aging mechanisms. In the first regime, a power dependency of time was observed. A second accelerated linear regime which followed an increase in loss of active material of the positive electrode was seen for medium (∼19 °C to 25 °C) to high aging temperatures. Transition metal dissolution was suggested to cause accelerated SEI growth. An activation energy could be estimated to 0.83 eV (± 0.17 eV, 95% CI). Finally, at aging temperatures around 45 °C we propose decreased charge transfer kinetics to result in mossy dendrites on the negative electrode which cause a final knee in aging trajectory. The findings highlight the necessity of sufficient aging temperatures and testing time.
Unraveling Morphology and Chemistry Dynamics in Fluoroethylene Carbonate Generated Silicon Anode Solid Electrolyte Interphase Across Delithiated and Lithiated States: Relative Cycling Stability Enabled by an Elastomeric Polymer Matrix
Authors: Mou Rownak J. , Barua Sattajit , Abraham Daniel P. , Yao Koffi P. C.
Published: April 2024

The silicon solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) faces cyclical cracking and reconstruction due to the ∼350% volume expansion. Understanding the SEI dynamic morphology and chemistry evolution from delithiated to lithiated states is thereby paramount to engineering a stable Si anode. Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is a preferred additive with widely demonstrated enhancement of the Si cycling. Thus, insights into the dynamics of the FEC-SEI may provide hints toward engineering the Si interface. Herein, complementary ATR-FTIR, AFM, tip IR, and XPS probing reveal the presence of an elastomeric polycarbonate-like matrix in the FEC-generated SEI which is absent from the FEC-free SEI. Adding FEC to the baseline 1 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (1:1) electrolyte promotes formation of a thinner and more conformal SEI, and subdues morphology and chemistry changes between consecutive half-cycles. From AFM, morphological stabilization of the FEC-SEI occurs earlier. Furthermore, conventional SEI biproducts such as Li2CO3 and LiEDC appear in reduced quantities in the FEC-SEI implying a reduced quantity of Li-consuming species. The thin polymeric FEC-SEI enables deeper (de)lithiation of silicon. In conclusion, the enhanced mechanical compliance, chemical invariance, and reduced Li inventory consumption of the FEC-SEI are logically the key features underlying the Si cycling enhancement by FEC.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Parasitic Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections of Donkeys in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Isayas Asefa , Gebremeskel Haben Fesseha , Bandaw Tamench , Ahmed Abrahim Dawed
Published: April 2024

Gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites cause sickness and mortality in working donkeys, reducing their productivity. A cross-sectional study was done in the Damot Gale district of southern Ethiopia from November 2020 to June 2021 to determine the frequency of donkey GIT nematode parasite infection and to examine its related risk factors. Overall, 514 simple randomly selected donkeys from peasant associations were sampled for the coprological examination of gastrointestinal nematode infection. The flotation technique was employed to identify parasite eggs in feces. The total prevalence of parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes was 71.79% (95% CI: 67.73-75.52). The most prevalent nematodes were Strongyles (37.74%), Parascaris equorum (11.28%), Strongyloides (7.20%), and combined infections of Strongyles and Parascaris (14.01%) and Strongyles and Strongyloides (1.56%). The association between the prevalence of parasitic GIT nematode infections and body conditions score was statistically significant (p<0.05). Comparatively, donkeys with semi-intensified systems were five times (OR=5.36) and those with medium body condition were twice (OR=1.94) had a higher risk of infection than donkeys with intensive systems and good body condition scores, respectively. In conclusion, the current study indicated that gastrointestinal nematode parasites of donkeys are highly prevalent in the study area. Thus, regular deworming, proper housing, and feeding management were recommended to improve the health and productivity of donkeys in the research area.
A Critical Review of Artificial Intelligence Based Approaches in Intrusion Detection: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Muneer Salman , Farooq Umer , Athar Atifa , Ahsan Raza Muhammad , Ghazal Taher M. , Sakib Shadman
Published: April 2024

Intrusion detection (ID) is critical in securing computer networks against various malicious attacks. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), federated learning (FL), and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) have drawn significant attention as potential approaches for ID. DL‐based approaches have shown impressive performance in ID by automatically learning relevant features from data but require significant labelled data and computational resources to train complex models. ML‐based approaches require fewer computational resources and labelled data, but their ability to generalize to unseen data is limited. FL is a relatively new approach that enables multiple entities to train a model collectively without exchanging their data, providing privacy and security benefits, making it an attractive option for ID. However, FL‐based approaches require more communication resources and additional computation to aggregate models from different entities. XAI is critical for understanding how AI models make decisions, improving interpretability and transparency. While existing literature has explored the strengths and weaknesses of DL, ML, FL, and XAI‐based approaches for ID, a significant gap exists in providing a comprehensive analysis of the specific use cases and scenarios where each approach is most suitable. This paper seeks to fill this void by delivering an in‐depth review that not only highlights strengths and weaknesses but also offers guidance for selecting the appropriate approach based on the unique ID context and available resources. The selection of an appropriate approach depends on the specific use case, and this work provides insights into which method is best suited for various network sizes, data availability, privacy, and security concerns, thus aiding practitioners in making informed decisions for their ID needs.
Hierarchical Cross Traffic Scheduling Based on Time-Aware Shapers for Mobile Time-Sensitive Fronthaul Network
Authors: Liu Chang , Hong Yue , Wang Jin , Liu Sr. Chang , Tian Li , Xu Jiangpei
Published: April 2024

To solve the problem of jitter and low network throughput caused by the impact of background flows on IQ traffic in mobile fronthaul network, this paper proposed a new scheduling model for background flows, named hierarchical crossover traffic scheduling mechanism based on time-aware shaper (HC-TAS) by improving the traditional counterpart. Then, in this new model, we designed an inbound scheduling algorithm based on frame length matching and an outbound scheduling algorithm based on queue status, making sure that smaller data frames will not be blocked by large data frames. This greatly improves the utilization of timeslots in the scheduling process and reduces the jitter impact of background flows. To verify its performance, we conducted experiments in a simulated fronthaul network conforming to IEEE 802.1CM. The experimental results show that, under the condition that the jitter is guaranteed to be zero, compared with two mainstream scheduling schemes, Comb-FITting and TAS + Preemption, our proposed scheme can achieve lower maximum end-to-end delay and higher link utilization. The proposed HC-TAS meets the requirements of low jitter and high bandwidth utilization in 5G fronthaul network, and the research results provide a technical basis for the application and development of general time-sensitive networks as well.
Genetic Polymorphisms and Forensic Parameters of Thirteen X-Chromosome Markers in the Iraqi Kurdish Population
Authors: Mohammad Ara K. , Ismael Bahez , Ali Khanzad Ahmed , Albarzinji Balnd M.
Published: April 2024

X-chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) tools are crucial in forensic genetics and human population fields. This study presents the development and validation of a multiplex STR system consisting of thirteen X-STR loci and amelogenin specific to the human X chromosome. The system was optimized and tested for species specificity, sensitivity, stability, and DNA mixture using 9947A female and 9948 male control genomic DNA. The amplified products of nine loci were sequenced to determine the correct amplicon length. Allele frequencies, forensic parameters, mean exclusion chance (MEC), linkage disequilibrium (LD), and allelic patterns were investigated using DNA samples from 225 (159 male, 66 female) unrelated Kurdish individuals who live in Sulaymaniyah province in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The most informative locus in the Kurdish population was GATA172D05, while the least informative locus was DXS10164. The results demonstrated that the 13 X-STR system is highly polymorphic and sensitive for forensic DNA identification. Genetic distance-based clustering, metric multidimensional scaling (MDS), and correlation matrix were analyzed for 19 ethnic groups and populations. The phylogenetic tree showed that populations clustered according to their ethnogeographic relationships. The findings revealed genetic links between the Iraqi Kurds, Caucasians, Iraqi Arabs, United States (U.S.) ethnic groups, and Chinese populations.
A Study on the Valorization of Rice Straw into Different Value‐Added Products and Biofuels
Authors: Ali Basma A. , Hosny Mohamed , Nassar Hussein N. , Elhakim Heba K. A. , El-Gendy Nour Sh.
Published: April 2024

This work depicts that rice straw (RS), which is one of the major lignocellulosic wastes all over the world and causing many environmental problems, has considerable amounts of protein, ash, macronutrients, and micronutrients of approximately 11.38%, 16.77%, 2.27 mg/kg, and 771.9 mg/kg, respectively; besides, a C/N ratio of 15.18, a total N, P2O5, and K2O content of 1.85%, and a considerably low concentration of undesirable heavy metals and silica of approximately 77.69 mg/kg and 109 mg/kg are also present, which recommends its applicability as a precursor feedstock for the production of organic fertilizer and animal fodder. The batch solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of RS by Trichoderma longibrachiatum DSMZ 16517 produced considerable amount of total reducing sugars (TRS) of approximately 339.2 mg TRS/g RS under the optimum operatic conditions of 20% (w:v) substrate concentration, pH 7, 1% inoculum size, a 9‐day incubation period, and 30°C incubation temperature. The readily available and cost‐effective agroindustrial waste, sugarcane molasses, proved to enhance the fungal biomass growth and (hemi) cellulolytic enzymes activities. The inoculated RS‐SSF batch process with T. longibrachiatum precultured on 10% molasses enhanced the (hemi) cellulolytic enzymatic activities and TRS production rate by approximately 5.82 and 3.8 folds, respectively, relative to that inoculated by T. longibrachiatum precultured in the conventional potato dextrose broth medium. The separate hydrolysis and fermentation processes by different yeast strains Candida tropicalis DSM 70156, C. shehatae ATCC 58779, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 64712 revealed an efficient bioethanol yield and productivity that ranged between 0.36 and 0.38 g/g sugars and 0.22 and 0.23 g/L/h, respectively, with concomitant competent fermentation efficiencies that ranged between 48.35% and 51.25%. The proximate analysis of rice straw before and after fungal hydrolysis proved calorific values of approximately 15.8 MJ/kg and 16.05 MJ/kg, respectively, recommending their applicability as primary and secondary solid biofuels. Thus, this study proved the waste prosperity of RS for environmental opulence and sustainability.
Supplementary Figure S1 from The Web-Based Portal SpatialTME Integrates Histological Images with Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics to Explore the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Shi Jintong , Wei Xia , Xun Zhenzhen , Ding Xinyu , Liu Yao , Liu Lianxin , Ye Youqiong
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S1. The correlation between deconvolution results of matched and pooled scRNA reference, related to Figure 1.
Supplementary Figure S2 from A Phase I Study of Acapatamab, a Half-life Extended, PSMA-Targeting Bispecific T-cell Engager for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dorff Tanya , Horvath Lisa G. , Autio Karen , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Rettig Matthew B. , Machiels Jean-Pascal , Bilen Mehmet A. , Lolkema Martijn P. , Adra Nabil , Rottey Sylvie , Greil Richard , Matsubara Nobuaki , Tan Daniel S.W. , Wong Alvin , Uemura Hiroji , Lemech Charlotte , Meran Johannes , Yu Youfei , Minocha Mukul , McComb Mason , Penny Hweixian Leong , Gupta Vinita , Hu Xuguang , Jurida Gabor , Kouros-Mehr Hosein , Janát-Amsbury Margit M. , Eggert Tobias , Tran Ben
Published: April 2024

Best (unconfirmed) prostate-specific antigen response in dose exploration
Supplementary Fig. S3 from Cooperative Armoring of CAR and TCR T Cells by T Cell–Restricted IL15 and IL21 Universally Enhances Solid Tumor Efficacy
Authors: Nguyen Rosa , Doubrovina Ekaterina , Mousset Charlotte M. , Jin Benjamin Y. , Okada Reona , Zhang Xiyuan , Clavel Arina , Reyes-Gonzalez Jeyshka M. , Dyomin Vadim , Diaz Louis , Zhang Ling , Abbas Shahroze , Sun Ming , Hsieh Chao-Ming , Ho Mitchell , Shern Jack F. , Gulley James L. , Hinrichs Christian S.
Published: April 2024

In vitro shedding studies.
Supplementary Fig. S13 from Cooperative Armoring of CAR and TCR T Cells by T Cell–Restricted IL15 and IL21 Universally Enhances Solid Tumor Efficacy
Authors: Nguyen Rosa , Doubrovina Ekaterina , Mousset Charlotte M. , Jin Benjamin Y. , Okada Reona , Zhang Xiyuan , Clavel Arina , Reyes-Gonzalez Jeyshka M. , Dyomin Vadim , Diaz Louis , Zhang Ling , Abbas Shahroze , Sun Ming , Hsieh Chao-Ming , Ho Mitchell , Shern Jack F. , Gulley James L. , Hinrichs Christian S.
Published: April 2024

Body weights from mice with orthotopic neuroblastoma that were treated with adoptive T-cells.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Nicotinamide in Combination with EGFR-TKIs for the Treatment of Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Mutations: A Randomized Double-Blind (Phase IIb) Trial
Authors: Oh Hyung-Joo , Bae Suk-Chul , Oh In-Jae , Park Cheol-Kyu , Jung Kyoung-Mi , Kim Da-Mi , Lee Jung-Won , Kang Chang Kyun , Park Il Yeong , Kim Young-Chul
Published: April 2024

Figure S2. Consort diagram illustrating the flow of participants through each stage of the randomized trial, from enrollment to final analysis.
Supplementary Figure S10 from A B7-H4–Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate Shows Antitumor Activity in PARPi and Platinum-Resistant Cancers with B7-H4 Expression
Authors: Gitto Sarah B. , Whicker Margaret , Davies Gareth , Kumar Sushil , Kinneer Krista , Xu Haineng , Lewis Arthur , Mamidi Srinivas , Medvedev Sergey , Kim Hyoung , Anderton Judith , Tang E. Jessica , Ferman Benjamin , Coats Steven , Wilkinson Robert W. , Brown Eric , Powell Daniel J. , Simpkins Fiona
Published: April 2024

Individual mouse data and statistical analysis of WO-57 PDX in vivo study.
Supplementary Table S7 from Safety Profile and Adverse Event Management for Futibatinib, An Irreversible FGFR1–4 Inhibitor: Pooled Safety Analysis of 469 Patients
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Hollebecque Antoine , Furuse Junji , Oh Do-Youn , Bridgewater John A. , Shimura Masashi , Anderson Bailey , Hangai Nanae , Wacheck Volker , Goyal Lipika
Published: April 2024

Treatment-emergent SAEs (MedDRA preferred terms; incidence ≥1%)
Supplementary Table S3 from Safety Profile and Adverse Event Management for Futibatinib, An Irreversible FGFR1–4 Inhibitor: Pooled Safety Analysis of 469 Patients
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Hollebecque Antoine , Furuse Junji , Oh Do-Youn , Bridgewater John A. , Shimura Masashi , Anderson Bailey , Hangai Nanae , Wacheck Volker , Goyal Lipika
Published: April 2024

Patient disposition in the overall (n = 469) and 20 mg QD (n = 318) populations