bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Degree In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Clarissa Jeannis , Warli Syah Mirsya , Dhirajaya Dharma Kadar  , Nurfida Khairina Arrasyid
Published: August 2021

Background. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign tumor that most often occurs in men. Many risk factors could cause BPH, one of which is diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease, characterized by hyperglycemia.
Method. This study was conducted at the Urology Polyclinic of the Universitas  Sumatera Utara Hospital from August to September 2019. A total of 102 patients diagnosed with BPH were registered by cross-sectional study approach. Detailed medical history and physical examination were performed for all patients to diagnose BPH. While the diagnosis of DM was according to patient history or diabetic-medicine use. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were completed by all patients to obtain a LUTS degree.
Result. From a total of 102 patients diagnosed with BPH there were 97 patients were selected. The mean age of patients was 70.43 ± 7.52 year (range 50-88 year) and the total IPSS score was 17.55 ± 6.55. DM patients were more likely to report severe LUTS and the symptom score evaluated with IPSS was signiﬁcantly higher than in non non-DM group: 21.69 ± 5.41 vs 16.70 ± 6.41 (p=0.005). For the IPSS subscores, the DM group also show higher storage: 8.38 ± 4.57 vs 5.88 ± 3.72 (p = 0.02), voiding: 9.69 ± 2.47 vs 8.14 ± 3.21, (p= 0.039) and post micturition: 3.63 ± 1.26 vs 2.69 ± 1.744, (p= 0.045) symptoms significantly.
Conclusion: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia patients with DM manifested more severe lower urinary tract symptoms. Storage, voiding, post micturition, and urgency symptoms were also greater.
Forest Structure of 26-Year-Old Planted Mangroves
Authors: Ruhuddien Pandu Yudha
Published: August 2021

The mangrove ecosystem in Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia has been sustainably managed for more than three decades for timber utilization. Since there are only few mangrove areas that utilized for logging in Indonesia, data on growth and forest structure of post-harvest mangrove forest could become valuable information as a reference for sustainable management on the ecosystem. This study conducted in a permanent plot (1.6 ha) which established and planted in 1994 using 5 dominant and commercial species in Bintuni Bay. Rhizophora apiculata has the best growth compared to other species, while Ceriops tagal experienced the poorest growth. From all trees individual, 24.27% were categorized as multi stem trees with maximum of 8 stems that could be occurred from one single tree and contributed to increase total volume of the stands up to 33%. Bruguiera gymnorhiza has the highest percentage of multi stem trees covering 65.87% of total trees individual. In general, forest structure was not significantly different in various spacing distance. Merchantable volume for 5 planted species at 26-year-old stand was estimated to be 310.99 m3 ha-1 with extractable biomass of 247.08 ton ha-1. Planted mangroves can provide sufficient standing stock for future utilization in managed mangrove forests.
Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Technology for Mapping Mangrove Ecosystem
Authors: Ayub Ayub Sugara , Feri Nugroho  , An Nisa Nurul Suci  , Ari Anggoro
Published: August 2021

Technological developments, especially in remote sensing in mangrove mapping are growing. One of them is the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a vehicle for capturing aerial photo data. This study aims to map the mangrove ecosystem in order to find out spatial information with UAV technology and to identify mangrove species, distribution, and associations. The ground survey was conducted on 02 until 04 May 2019 in North of Lancang Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta Province. The mangrove data collection was carried out in four stations with marking, tracking the mangrove area and drone flights for taking aerial photo data. Based on the research, it was found that the mangroves were in good condition with an area of around 4 hectares, consisting of Rhizophora mucronata. However, there is a lot of waste around the mangrove ecosystem, especially inorganic waste in the form of plastic. Where the presence of garbage can cover the roots of the mangrove so that it can affect respiration and cause death in mangroves. The application of UAV technology that is integrated with GIS in mangrove ecosystem mapping is expected to be an alternative in extracting mangrove databases for future coastal ecosystem management.
Assessment of Five-Year Vegetation Cover Changes to Support Green Open Spaces Monitoring in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Moehar , Erny Poedjirahajoe  , Sigit Heru Murti Budi Santosa  , Mariah Ulfa
Published: August 2021

Surakarta City's population is growing every year, putting pressure on the land and vegetation. Surakarta City has a population of 500,173 people in 2010. The population of this city is growing every year, driving an increase in the demand for land and living facilities. This study aims to analyze the availability of vegetated land as urban green space, and calculate the 5-year (2010–2015) vegetation cover changes. The methods used visual interpretation and on-screen digitization of the image Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite in 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI satellite image in 2015. The results show that the availability of vegetated land as urban green space in Surakarta City is lower than that mandated in Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. Vegetation cover decreased from 2010 to 2015 in Surakarta City, covering an area of 117.7 ha (2.6% of the city area) or an average of 23.5 ha (0.5%) per year. Research on the availability of green open spaces on a regular basis is expected to be part of the process of monitoring and evaluating urban development and as input for local governments in the decision-making process.
Regional Dimension of Energy Efficiency and Energy Security of Ukraine
Authors:   Cherkasy State Technological University, Palamarchuk D. M.
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at determining the opportunities of the regions of Ukraine for self-sufficiency in energy resources, improving energy security and energy efficiency, as well as forming a methodological approach to determining regional ratings by the level of energy efficiency and energy security. The indicators of energy efficiency and energy security, proposed in the article, is advisable to use as a base for a further system of indicators, applied to determine regional ratings of energy efficiency and energy security. The proposed indicators allow to comprehensively assess the level of energy security in the region, are relevant and can be easily calculated using data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. To assess the level of energy efficiency and energy security of the regions of Ukraine, it is advisable to use the author’s own methodology, which also allows to assess the availability and quality of energy resources use. The application of the proposed two-level system of indicators and the method of their calculation allows solving the problem of informing different categories of users about energy efficiency and energy security of the regions in order to determine the need for control influences in conditions of limited information. Based on the results obtained, both the State and regional administration bodies together with local self-government bodies will be able to assess the results achieved, compare them with the achievements of other regions and develop a system of measures to improve the energy efficiency of the regional economy and ensure energy security in the future. Further researches of the author will be aimed at calculating on the basis of the formed methodological approach of the rating of energy efficiency and energy security of the regions of Ukraine, carrying out a comparative analysis of the regions and developing proposals for solving identified problems, based on the rating results obtained.
Assessing the Potential of Renewable Energy Production as a Driver of Economic Growth
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vostriakova V. I.
Published: August 2021

The presented article aims to study the relationship between consumption and production of renewable energy and economic growth expressed in GDP per capita of the countries that invest the most in the development of renewable energy (USA, EU, China), and in the global dimension – for comparison with Ukraine and Russia. The World Bank’s secondary data for 1990-2015 and methodology of linear regression modeling were used for the research. An analytical review of the growing global investment potential of renewable energy in terms of general dynamics, sectors and leading countries in the context of investments in renewable energy sources was carried out. The results of correlation-regression analysis demonstrate a high correlation relationship between alternative energy consumption and economic growth of more developed countries with high GDP per capita than countries with lower GDP. The findings are consistent with other publications reviewed in the research. In addition, the increase in both China’s and the world’s GDP in the share of alternative energy production has a positive impact, and the increase in the share of consumption is negative. Whereas at the level of such countries as the USA, the European Union and Ukraine – on the contrary, consumption itself has a positive impact. The development of alternative energy has a negative impact on the economic growth of the Russian Federation in both indicators. According to the results of the carried out study, it can be summarized that countries with both high and low GDP should take all necessary measures to increase consumption and production of renewable energy sources, which provides for the formation of a favorable investment climate for large-scale investments in renewable energy, which, in turn, will lead to an increase in the pace of economic growth in the long term.
The Theoretical and Methodological Principles of the Value-Oriented Approach to Business Management
Authors:   Sumy State University, Zakharkina L. S. , Saltykova H. V. ,   Sumy State University, Novikov V. M. ,   Sumy State University
Published: August 2021

The research is aimed at analyzing the value-oriented conceptions of business management and studying the possibility of their implementation in the activities of Ukrainian enterprises. The carried out analysis of the literature shows the considerable attention paid by the scientific community to the issue under research, since the use of value-based conceptions in Ukrainian realities is quite problematic due to a lack of understanding of their specifics and features. The publication carries out a chronological analysis of the interpretation of the essence of the conception of «business value» by various scientists during 2011-2020. The value of the business is a volume-based indicator, thanks to which it is possible to understand the further prospects of the enterprise development and its investment attractiveness. According to theoretical research, the value of business is understood as the value of invested labor and labor resources; as the results obtained by the company from operational, investment and financial activities; as an expression of the price at which the company positions itself in the market and can potentially be reorganized. The value-oriented management should be applied at all levels – from operational to strategic. It is determined that career growth, an effective system of motivation, exchange of information and knowledge are among the few factors that affect the formation of the value of enterprise. Among the methodological approaches that allow to conduct a thorough assessment of the value of business, attention is focused on earnings, value-based, market-based and optional methods. Prospects for further research relate to a more detailed analysis of the specifics of value-oriented conceptions and analysis of domestic market conditions for the possibility of spreading the value-based management approach among managers of Ukrainian companies.
Leasing as a Tool for Innovative Development of Enterprises
Authors:   National Transport University, Zhulyn O. V. , Nazarenko I. I. ,   National Transport University, Tesliuk N. P. ,   National Transport University, Shturko V. V. ,   National Transport University
Published: August 2021

In countries with a developed financial market, one can often see the relationship between the level of distribution of financial leasing services and the volume of capital investment and the introduction of innovations in enterprises. In the context of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development and updating of fixed assets for more energy-efficient ones, financial leasing services are gaining special popularity. The article is aimed at comprehensive analyzing of the domestic market of leasing services and developing a mechanism for improving financial leasing services as a tool for innovative development of enterprises. The article considers the concept of financial leasing; the development of the leasing services market in Ukraine is analyzed; the main problems of leasing services provision, as well as their advantages compared to a bank loan are highlighted; the main directions of development of financial leasing services are proposed. As a result of scientific researches, a mechanism for the development of the financial leasing services market as a tool for innovative development of enterprises and financial inclusion in general has been developed. This mechanism provides for: creation of conditions for easy and equal access to the financial services market for all lessors; expanding possible sources of financing for leasing companies; conducting financial statements in accordance with IFRS and risk management system; carrying out measures to improve financial literacy with an emphasis on the advantages of leasing for enterprises, which should contribute to financial inclusion; creation of a balanced policy of taxation of leasing operations and licensing of owners of leasing companies only with impeccable business reputation and fair behavior in the financial services market.
Determining Potential Directions for Ukraine’s Own Green Brand Formation
Authors:   Sumy State University, Syhyda L. O. , Khaba A. P. ,   Sumy State University, Nazarenko A. P. ,   Sumy State University
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at studying the directions that are of paramount importance in the country's transition to ecologically oriented development, as well as determining on this basis Ukraine's readiness to form and develop its own «green» brand. In accordance with the set goal, the main directions to carry out the research were ecologization and sustainable development, organic agriculture and renewable energy. As a result of the research, Ukraine's position corresponding to the Sustainable Development Goals Index was determined. According to this, Ukraine successfully combines economic development, social integration and ecological sustainability. The value of the country's index is on par with new industrialized countries and even with some economically developed countries. Ukraine's position in accordance with the Environmental Performance Index is worse and shows a lag from the advanced countries of the world. Furthermore, it is determined that Ukraine inefficiently uses agricultural land, since there is a high level of plowing, and only 1.1% is occupied for organic production. Still, despite the fact that Ukraine is the second exporter of organic products to the EU after China, insufficient attention is paid to the markets of Asia and Africa. It is defined that renewable energy in Ukraine is at the stage of origin, the reason for which is, among other things, underfunding of this direction. The most developed sources of renewable energy in Ukraine are currently hydropower and solar energy. Additionally, the article highlights weaknesses that create obstacles to environmental friendliness and sustainable development and should be leveled when forming Ukraine’s own green brand.
Modeling of Effective Management of а Trade Enterprise’s Logistic Processes
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Piatnytska G. T. , Shevchun M. B. ,   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at building a simulation model of effective management of logistic processes of the trade enterprise. Analyzing, systematizing and generalizing the research data of both foreign and domestic scholars, a comparative critical and morphological analysis of the existing definitions of «effectiveness» was carried out and an authors' vision of the essence of the concept of «quality management of logistic processes» of the trade enterprise was presented. The application of methods of simulation modeling and graphic-structural description allowed to develop scientific approaches to modeling the effective management of logistic processes at trade enterprises. As a result of the research, a simulation model is developed to ensure the effective management of logistic processes of the trade enterprise, which, unlike existing ones, is focused on improving the quality of logistic processes, provided that logistic costs are optimized. The structural scheme of the automated quality management system of logistic processes of the trade enterprise is built. It is emphasized that in the process of managing logistic processes, managers of a trade enterprise may face the problem of allocating logistical costs, which requires their accounting and detailing. Prospects for further research in this direction can be such developments as: methodological recommendations for accounting logistical costs at enterprises of trade of various sizes; scientific approaches to the creation of special software in order to digitalize the enterprise management system of trade. The results of the research can also be used to improve and further develop both the current and strategic control over the management of logistic processes in enterprises.
Strategic Marketing Instruments for Product Promotion on the Marketplace
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Pashchuk O. B.
Published: August 2021

Digital trading places change traditional approaches to product promotion due to the ability to accurately assess market volumes, competitors, choose the most effective promotion strategy and marketing instruments. With the development of digital marketing, online stores are increasingly being used not as an intermediary between the seller and the buyer, but as an online sales platform. This led to the emergence of a new format of trade and the transformation of the traditional e-commerce market, changes in the role of sellers, active participation of the buyer in the formation of supply and marketing. The use of digital instruments for competitive analysis of a potential niche of the product facilitates promotion and allows to evaluate the potential level of income, optimize promotion instruments in the current period. The article is aimed at identifying a set of strategic marketing instruments for promoting the product on the marketplace. The article on the basis of competitive analysis cases discusses practical aspects of using digital instruments to determine sales potential in a particular market. The main strategies for product promotion and the advantages of each strategy are defined. Based on the practical sales case of three types of products using a digital platform and instruments for promoting these products, the efficiency of each instrument has been identified. The effect of promoting each product is evaluated using conversion rates, rating, sales ratio using digital platform advertising campaigns to organic sales of each product. It is proved that thanks to digital platforms, the manufacturer, the seller of the product in real time in the current period has the opportunity to redistribute the costs of various marketing instruments of promotion and ensure sales growth, product rating. The product sales performance indicators (conversion, rating, and volumes) allow to adjust the promotion strategy (update the brand, content, listing) in the current period, which reduces the risk of shortage in sales. The author emphasizes that further research should be directed towards studying practical cases of product promotion on digital platforms for the formation of theoretical and methodological aspects of marketing in the digital environment.
Features of Scientific Research Financing in the European Union
Authors:   The University of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Biletska O. A.
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at identifying the scope and features of financial provision for scientific research in the founding countries of the EU – Germany, France and Italy, as well as in new countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. Methodological basis of researches constituted the publications of scholars on this issue, analytical methods, the Eurostat data, and developed scientific approaches. According to the substantiated criteria, the analysis of research costs in terms of total expenses, costs by sector and per person is carried out. The identified features are grouped by common and distinctive characteristics regarding business structures, the public sector and higher education institutions. The dynamics of increasing or reducing these costs for a particular country during 2014–2019 are distinguished. The acyclicity of expenses detected during the specified period in all the analyzed countries by certain sectors is an evidence of a permanent search for the optimal ratio between the subjects of financing and reflects the specifics of the financial policy implemented by governments. Significant results of the study are the definition of a significant role of Germany in financing these costs, the share of which is almost a third of all EU spending, as well as the identification among the analyzed countries of a significant difference in costs between Germany, as the most economically developed EU country, and Slovakia, as the least developed, which makes 141 times. Separately, it is emphasized that the peculiarities of financing the costs are determined by the factors of historical, economic and mental content, which are disclosed with the appropriate substantiation in the article. The conclusions of the completed research are consistent with the views of other scholars whose works are taken into account in this article. A reasoning of the research results is provided and the feasibility of further searches for optimization of research costs is defined.
A Theoretical and Statistical Analysis of International Business and Foreign Economic Activity of Ukraine
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Liashevska V. I. , Butenko M. K. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Pervushyna I. A. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: August 2021

The research is aimed at the growing dependence of the national economy on external influences. The article raises the issue of creating a geoeconomic strategy for the development of the State as a full-fledged subject of world economic processes in order to increase multilateral cooperation and more sufficient participation in international and regional integration projects. In this regard, it becomes clear the need to carefully examine the features of conducting and managing international business, analyze foreign economic relations. International business can be defined as the commercial interaction of firms of different forms of ownership or their divisions located in different countries, the main purpose of which is to make a profit, taking advantage of international commercial operations. The development of international business and foreign economic activity of Ukraine with Asian countries are considered. The nature and prospects of development of foreign trade cooperation between Ukraine and several Asian countries are researched, its strategic priorities are substantiated and the place of the countries of the region in the geoeconomic strategy of the State is determined. At the present stage, economic relations between Ukraine and the countries of East Asia are being implemented through rather limited forms of cooperation that require greater diversification, symmetry and structural equilibrium. It is concluded that in the system of Ukraine's foreign economic priorities, cooperation with the countries of East Asia creates opportunities for diversification of foreign policy, intensification of cooperation with the definition of common goals and objectives of bilateral economic development. A strategic condition for further deepening of cooperation is mutual recognition at the official level of strategic partnership as an important element, which provides for the signing of additional bilateral agreements on additional conditions and principles of cooperation.
Innovatizing the Insurance Business in the Development of Digital Economy
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kiev University, Sosnovska O. O.
Published: August 2021

The article defines the current trends of innovatizing the insurance business in the digital economy. The stages of development of modern insurance technologies (InsurTech), which are innovative products in the insurance sector of financial infrastructure, are provided. The instruments of digitalization of business processes for sale of insurance products, settlement of insurance claims, bookkeeping and tax accounting, risk underwriting, document flow are presented. The dynamics of global investments in technological innovations of insurance companies on a global scale have been specified. The volume of global investments and concluded agreements in InsurTech sector by insurance sectors is analyzed and it is proved that 2020 is a period of awareness of the importance and role of digital technologies implementation in the insurance industry, recognition of the value of the digitalization vector of insurance business and global investments in InsurTech development with the highest recorded values. It is identified that the leader in attracting investments in the processes of innovatizing is the property insurance industry (P&C), which has compiled 53% of the total financing and 63% of the concluded agreements. The individual health insurance industry (L&H) ranks second in terms of indicators, maintaining overall investment attractiveness, high amounts of financing and the introduction of insurance technologies. The economic, technological, organizational management, and legal factors that stimulate or inhibit the innovative activity of insurance companies in Ukraine are systematized. Based on the generalization of problems and weaknesses that are relevant and impede the desired pace of innovatizing the insurance business in the digital economy, a SWOT analysis matrix of the feasibility of InsurTech implementation is proposed. It is determined that the introduction of innovations and the development of insurance on the basis of digitalization are currently a catalyst for the strategic development of the insurance business, improving the quality of insurance products and successful activities in an increasingly customer-oriented financial sector.
The Types and Risks of Communicative Relations of Staff in the Formation of the Innovative Environment of Tourism Enterprise
Authors:   Kherson National Technical University, Hlynska A. Y. , Korchevska L. O. ,   Kherson National Technical University, Kokorieva O. V. ,   Kherson National Technical University
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at analyzing the role of communicative relations and their types in the formation of an innovative environment of a tourism enterprise, to identify risks that may arise as a result of their existence. The impossibility of generating innovative approaches without creating an appropriate communicative space based on the relevant psychological principles is determined. The staff should learn to respectfully listen to the ideas of other participants, convince in the prospects of their own ideas, cooperate in solving emerging problems, use a creative approach and readiness to experiment in any issues. The article pays much attention to possible communicative instruments that can be used at different stages of the innovation process, which in complex implementation create an innovative communication network and space. For each stage, probable risks are allocated that can create obstacles to achieve the goal. Based on existing research, four models of communicative relations were allocated depending on the size of the tourism enterprise and the role of management in innovative processes. They are: 1) «Support Center», which originates in the general office of the tourism network or in a specific department of a large travel corporation. 2) «Creative team» is a team in which communications are carried out on the principle of matrix organizational structure. 3) «Core of innovative changes» is the format of creating a separate R&D department responsible for finding new ideas and creative formats for the provision of services, with separate funding and own organizing structure. 4) «Tourism startup» is a small enterprise, the business model of which is a creative approach for the market.
Appointment scheduling system in multi doctor/multi services environment
Authors: Lukić Ivica , Köhler Mirko , Kiralj Erik
Published: August 2021

Appointment scheduling systems are used by health care providers to manage access to their services. In this paper an algorithm and a web application for automatic appointment scheduling is presented. Both are implemented using the concept of booking appointments for patients for a specific service offered by each doctor. The purpose of the application is to make signing up for a specific service easier for patients and to improve health tourism in Croatia by maximizing doctor’s efficiency and minimize patient waiting time. Medical providers are added to the system, they add the services which they provide, and each service offered has its own duration time. Users register, search for services matching their parameters, and schedule an appointment for the requested service. Available appointments are generated using the presented algorithm, which is the main part of this paper. The algorithm searches the database and returns possible appointments. If patient has more than one appointment, possible appointments time can be before the existing appointment, between two appointments, or at the end of the last appointment. Thus, web application enables the patient to reserve desirable appointment time.
The Variation of Image in Huang Jizhong’s Chinese translation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Authors: Guo Jiaying
Published: August 2021

In the 1980s, the cultural turn appeared in translation studies, which brought translation studies a great opportunity to draw nutrients from different disciplines. Narratology and Imagology take part in translation studies, which offers hope for the cultural turn in translation studies. Metalepsis is a term in Narratology that Genett defines that any intrusion by the extradiegetic narrator or narratee into the diegetic universe(or by diegetic characters into a metadiegetic universe, etc.), or the inverse (as in Cortazar), produces an effect of strangeness that is either comical (when, as in Sterne or Diderot, it is presented in a joking tone) or fantastic. This paper contrasts Uncle Tom’s Cabin with its translation Tang Mu Da Bo De Xiao Wu by Huang Jizhong in order to explore the variation of the image of African American based on lexicon and Metalepsis, in the hope of finding out the reason for variation of the image. The variation exists in translations so that the target readers could misunderstand the image in the source text. As for translators, attaching much importance to translating the source language's image should be caught first. The cliché and narrative strategies in the source text could be highly recognized.
Translating Al-Fuzai’s ’The Passage of Time’
Authors: Dohal Gassim
Published: August 2021

In ’The Passage of Time,’1 a teacher considers resigning in order to return to his hometown, but he receives notice that he can move to the place he has requested. Homesickness is treated as though it were a formidable foe in this short story. Even if it is a "barren, parched desert," like the situation in the story, identity is usually linked to the location to which it belongs. However, it is possible that one will have to relocate for few reasons. Displacement can have emotional and psychological implications, which can hinder one's ability to work. The teacher in the story is not in a teaching mode; he is drawn “toward the place...” from which “a considerable distance...2 separates him.” All he has left are "his ideas and memories" that bind him to his home. The memo he receives at the end of this story represents a new hope for him to reclaim what he has lost in his village education. In brief, the story emphasizes the necessity of having a job and the difficulty of finding a good job in one's own neighborhood.
Translation as a Reconstructing Factor of Public Relations
Authors: Aich Younes
Published: August 2021

Translation is very important to create an effective cultural exchange since it substantiates the concept of intercultural communication. Given that the source text is the embodiment of the cultural aspects of a given society or nation, the author makes use of his/her mother tongue to communicate his/her ideas about how he/she perceives his community with his/her readers. Thus, the source text mirrors particular aspects of a given culture and portrays how people of a certain community live and interact. Seen from this perspective, translation is definitively considered as a reconstructing factor of public relations as it draws attention to how linguistic systems operate within social structures and the extent to which cultural patterns prescribe rigid rules on language. The interconnectedness of language and culture is at the heart of public relations, for it determines the nature of relations that circulate within a social structure. Translation, in this sense, deals with the different linguistic and cultural aspects that make up a given social structure in an attempt to come up with an informative conclusion about the communicative patterns that characterize certain nations or communities.
Exploring the Eurocentric Heart: A Postcolonial Reading of Graham Greene’s The Heart of the Matter
Authors: Mazumder Tanmoy
Published: August 2021

A literary text can be a propagator of values- both explicitly and implicitly. As Edward Said claims in his book, Orientalism (1978), for centuries Eurocentrism pervades Western literary pieces; they somehow justify and/or uplift European values and perspectives as superior ones while portraying lands, people and cultures of the colonized nations elsewhere, especially in the East. Sometimes, it may become more oblique as the apparent issues dominating the text seem to be something very different, but the writing, however, in the undercurrent, portrays things in a Eurocentric way, often by “othering” the non-Europeans. Said famously terms, this process of creation of an alter ego of the West in the East as “Orientalism”. Graham Greene’s novel, The Heart of the Matter (1948), set in West Africa’s Sierra Leone, a then British colony during WWII, summons rethinking of its presentation of the non-White people and the land of Africa. This study would like to take the focus away from the dominating themes of religion, sin, pity, mercy, responsibility, love, etc. in this piece of fiction to assess its underlying colonial issues which often go unnoticed. The novel portrays a variety of characters- both the British colonizers and the colonial subjects- though the roles and space occupied by the non-British characters are mostly marginal. The “Whites” are portrayed sympathetically, whereas the “non-Whites” are presented as evil, naïve, weak and mystic. This study, thus, argues that the portrayal of Africa (Sierra Leone), the Africans, and the major “non-White” characters in the novel, in contrast to the empathetic presentation of the major “White” European characters, indicate an obvious “othering” of “non-Whites” and the marginalization of non-Europeans in the narrative of the novel. The paper further opines that this process of “othering” and marginalization underlines the operation of an underlying Eurocentric attitude in the representation of the Europeans and non-Europeans in Greene’s fiction.
Active Subtitling as a Learning Tool for ESP Students
Authors: Elbakri Abdelouahab
Published: August 2021

This article aims at approaching subtitling as a tool for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) students. It provides a description of the important role audiovisual translation (AVT) plays in language teaching/learning. It is based on scholars' work, including (Sokoli 2006; Diaz Cintas  2013; Talavan 2007).  This paper tackles the pedagogical application of subtitling in an ESP context as it enhances individual and collaborative learning, exposure to and interaction with real and new complex situations, and developing different linguistic skills.  The article presents a classification of the different types of subtitles that are used in language teaching/learning and considers the pros of using subtitled videos as a didactic tool to enhance vocabulary learning for ESP students. Accordingly, the paper emphasises active subtitling, a technique in which learners create their own subtitles, especially with the groundbreaking progress of IT technology (Diaz Cintas 2012; Talavan 2013). The article ends by presenting the findings of an experiment I have conducted in my engineering classes on the basis of active subtitles.
Translating The Difference in The Land of An African Sultan by Walter B. Harris
Authors: Laachiri Soufiane
Published: August 2021

The present article focuses on the discursive translation of colonial knowledge as a set of complex statements of power and exclusion in  Harris’ The Land of An African Sultan. This discursive process of translation acts as a continuum for the main foundations upon which   post colonial consciousness, as articulated by such third world critics as Edward Said, Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Spevak, is generically based.The book is also a scientific encyclopedia which highlights a historical era with all its political and military events. It also describes the Moroccan society, its people, its political regime, its Zawaya, its culture, its customs and beliefs, its climate and geography, its architecture and landscape, its races, and even its demons. In so doing,Harris was paving the way for European imperialism through his constant descriptions  and representations of  the Moroccan other.His travels throughout the entire country as a traveler, and his reports about that as a journalist of  The Times have explained the close     relationship between Colonialism and travel writing. This relationship, being  mutually a sustained way to create images of vacant spaces over time and place,  highlights  settlement in, and improvement of ‘primitive’ lives which were viewed as ‘uncivilized’. It also  justifies the colonial enterprise which came to escalate development  of the colonized land and work for the welfare of its peoples . In this dual process of interaction,  translation plays significant roles.
Disc Jockeys’ Profile and Oral Performances in the Selected English Vowel Sounds: An Attempt on Relatedness
Authors: AbdelGafur Lylee Norah M.
Published: August 2021

Pronunciation is a key element of the learning of oral skills in a second language. The role it plays in an English language program varies and the amount of time and effort devoted to it seems to depend to a large degree on the linguistic models and environment (Willing, 1988). The study examined the accuracy in the production of the selected English vowel sounds among the pioneering Disc Jockeys of Cool FM, Marawi City, in the year 2004. Moreover, it attempted to find the relatedness in the respondents’ oral performances and in their educational status, length of work experience as a DJ, and exposure to the language outside being a DJ. Three selected faculty members from the English Department of CSSH were consulted to evaluate the oral performances of the respondents. Results showed that high educational status did not affect the respondents’ performances in vowel sound production. Respondents with short work experience as DJs could perform better on the oral test. Respondents who had exposures to the English language outside being a DJ performed better on the oral test. Furthermore, teachers and foreigners were cited as good linguistic models that were described as highly influential in the performances of the respondents.
How Images of Young Women Facilitate the Narrative of Decolonization in Jan Lowe Shinebourne’s The Last English Plantation
Authors: Persaud Cheddie Abigail
Published: August 2021

Navigating the journey of decolonization can be daunting, especially without clarity of the processes involved. Hence, literature exploring such processes provides direction for the journey. Additionally, the directions suggested in the literature become more credible whenever a synergistic dialogue arises between diverse authors and different genres of texts. To such effect emerges the compelling conversation between Guyanese Jan Lowe Shinebourne’s 1988 novel The Last English Plantation and Hawaiian Poka Laenui’s essay “Processes of Decolonization.” This paper shows that when read side-by-side, Lowe Shinebourne’s novel set in the 1950s and Laenui’s essay advance the scholarship on how to measure the extent and quality of decolonization that has been accomplished by an entity. To illustrate this, this study observes the arrangement of images of four young women characters as they operate in Lowe Shinebourne’s landscape, and highlights the function of these four characters to the novel’s protagonist. The protagonist is interpreted as the schema – individual or country, through which the four characters derive meaning. These meanings are explored through perceived links between the four characters’ functions and Laenui’s five phases of decolonization, where the characters appear to have the capacity to function as facilitators or representations of the phases. Ultimately, the study finds that Lowe Shinebourne’s fiction strengthens Laenui’s proposal, and in turn his foundational theoretical work illuminates the processes that her novel investigates. Therefore, it can be concluded that if the processes of decolonization largely function in the way that the dialogue between these two texts confirms, Laenui’s template for measuring progress in decolonization can be applied to the understanding of other fictions of decolonization. Further, if this application continues to see consistently agreeable outcomes, it might be concluded that this template may be an effective instrument that can be formally implemented in assessing an individual or country’s progress in decolonization.
Production of essential oils from Ceylon lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) in Loumo district (Congo)
Authors: Bakouétila Gilles Freddy Mialoundama , Bakouétila Gilles Freddy Mialoundama , Ndinga Francis Thedy Adoua , Auger-Schwartzenberg Mathieu , Kokolo Harley Bittson Bitsindou , Nsonda Jean Claude Dellot , Kalélé Euloge , Missengué Scherell Ségolen Lutterah
Published: August 2021

The objective was to assess the social, economic and environmental impact of the production of essential oil (ET) of Ceylon citronella in Loumo . A field survey was carried out with 60 EO producers in 9 localities in the Loumo district in Congo. The results show that 73 % of producers are adult men , 37% of whom are between 51 and 60 years old. The schooling rate is 98%, with a predominance of producers with secondary education levels, the majority living in a common-law relationship. The production of EO is a secondary activity to agriculture and commerce. The income generated by this activity is marginal but makes it possible to diversify the income of the actors. This activity is still in the embryonic stage. The low economic performance translates into low annual investments and low annual distillation frequencies, a consequence of the presence of a single EO extractor. The production of 1.75 litre of essential oil requires 140 kg of cooking wood, which has a direct impact on the surrounding forest ecosystems. The promotion of fast-growing species is necessary in view of the development of this sector.
Nominal Compound Interpretation by Intelligent Agents
Authors: McShane Marjorie , Beale Stephen , Babkin Petr
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a cognitively-inspired algorithm for the semantic analysis of nominal compounds by intelligent agents. The agents, modeled within the OntoAgent environment, are tasked to compute a full context-sensitive semantic interpretation of each compound using a battery of engines that rely on a high-quality computational lexicon and ontology. Rather than being treated as an isolated “task”, as in many NLP approaches, nominal compound analysis in OntoAgent represents a minimal extension to the core process of semantic analysis. We hypothesize that seeking similarities across language analysis tasks reflects the spirit of how people approach language interpretation, and that this approach will make feasible the long-term development of truly sophisticated, human-like intelligent agents. The initial evaluation of our approach to nominal compounds are fixed expressions, requiring individual semantic specification at the lexical level.
CALL-SLT: A Spoken CALL System
Authors: Rayner Manny , Tsourakis Nikos , Baur Claudia , Bouillon Pierrette , Gerlach Johanna
Published: August 2021

We describe CALL-SLT, a speech-enabled Computer-Assisted Language Learning application where the central idea is to prompt the student with an abstract representation of what they are supposed to say, and then use a combination of grammar-based speech recognition and rule-based translation to rate their response. The system has been developed to the level of a mature prototype, freely deployed on the web, with versions for several languages. We present an overview of the core system architecture and the various types of content we have developed. Finally, we describe several evaluations, the last of which is a study carried out over about a week using 130 subjects recruited through the Amazon Mechanical Turk, in which CALL-SLT was contrasted against a control version where the speech recognition component was disabled. The improvement in student learning performance between the two groups was significant at p < 0.02.
Kolmogorov complexity of morphs and constructions in English
Authors: Ehret Katharina
Published: August 2021

This chapter demonstrates how compression algorithms can be used to address morphological and syntactic complexity in detail by analysing the contribution of specific linguistic features to English texts. The point of departure is the ongoing complexity debate and quest for complexity metrics. After decades of adhering to the equal complexity axiom, recent research seeks to define and measure linguistic complexity (Dahl 2004; Kortmann and Szmrecsanyi 2012; Miestamo et al. 2008). Against this backdrop, I present a new flavour of the Juola-style compression technique (Juola 1998), targeted manipulation. Essentially, compression algorithms are used to measure linguistic complexity via the relative informativeness in text samples. Thus, I assess the contribution of morphs such as –ing or –ed, and functional constructions such as progressive (be + verb-ing) or perfect (have + verb past participle) to the syntactic and morphological complexity in a mixed-genre corpus of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the Gospel of Mark and newspaper texts. I find that a higher number of marker types leads to higher amounts of morphological complexity in the corpus. Syntactic complexity is reduced because the presence of morphological markers enhances the algorithmic prediction of linguistic patterns. To conclude, I show that information-theoretic methods yield linguistically meaningful results and can be used to measure the complexity of specific linguistic features in naturalistic corpora.