bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Drying Methods on Some Nutritional and Volatile Components of Bombay Red Onion (Allium cepal L.)
Authors: Demissew Ayalew , Meresa Ayenew , Temesgen Keber
Published: March 2018

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a strong-flavoured vegetable consumed in different ways and its distinctive flavor or simply pungency. Onion has also important natural compounds effective for medical functions. Its importance is directly related with high content of high organosulphur compounds. Shelf life of fresh onion bulb is short enough due to the presence of high moisture content where postharvest loss of onion bulb reaches up to 50% in the production season. Consequentially Onion bulb had extreme variable market price during production and off season which affect both growers and consumers. So in this study the nutritional and volatile components of different drying methods of onion were evaluated. Effect of different drying method on protein, carbohydrate, total sugar, fat, pyurvic acid, ascorbic acid, total phenol, total flovonol, rehydration ratio, colour and sensory properties of onion slice were evaluated and found insignificant at (P < 0.05) for microwave and modified direct solar dryer. But oven drying method had significant effect on onion bulb quality attributes at (P < 0.05) than other two drying methods.
Investigation of Element Effect on High Temperature Oxidation of HVOF NiCoCrAlX Coatings
Authors: Zhang Pimin , Lin Peng Ru , Li Xin-Hai , Johansson Sten
Published: March 2018

MCrAlX (M: Ni or Co or both, X: minor elements) coatings have been widely used to protect hot components in gas turbines against oxidation and hot corrosion at high temperatures. Understanding the influence of the X-elements on oxidation behaviour is important in the design of durable MCrAlX coatings. In this study, NiCoCrAlX coatings doped with Y+Ru and Ce, respectively, were deposited on Inconel-792 substrate by HVOF. The samples were subjected to isothermal oxidation test in laboratory air at 9000, 1000, 1100 ºC and cyclic oxidation test between 100 ºC and 1100 ºC with 1 hour dwell time at 1100 ºC. It was observed that the coating with Ce shows a much higher oxidation rate than the coating with Y+Ru under both isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests. Besides, β-depletion due to interdiffusion between coating and substrate was significantly lower with Ru addition. Simulations results using both a moving phase boundary model and an established oxidation-diffusion model show that Ru stabilize β grains which reduces β-depletion of coating due to substrate interdiffusion. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the influence of Ce and Ru on oxidation behaviour including investigation of the microstructure evolution influenced by oxidation time at coating surface and coating-substrate interface combining experiment and simulation results.
Induced Dualistic Geometry of Finitely Parametrized Probability Densities on Manifolds
Authors: Fong Simon , Tino Peter
Published: March 2018

This paper aims to describe the geometrical structure and explicit expressions of family of finitely parametrized probability densities over smooth manifold $M$. The geometry of family of probability densities on $M$ are inherited from probability densities on Euclidean spaces $\left\{U_\alpha \right\}$ via bundle morphisms, induced by an orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms $\rho_\alpha:U_\alpha \rightarrow M$. Current literature inherits densities on $M$ from tangent spaces via Riemannian exponential map $\exp: T_x M \rightarrow M$; densities on $M$ are defined locally on region where the exponential map is a diffeomorphism. We generalize this approach with an arbitrary orientation-preserving bundle morphism; we show that the dualistic geometry of family of densities on $U_\alpha$ can be inherited to family of densities on $M$. Furthermore, we provide explicit expressions for parametrized probability densities on $\rho_\alpha(U_\alpha) \subset M$. Finally, using the component densities on $\rho_\alpha(U_\alpha)$, we construct parametrized mixture densities on totally bounded subsets of $M$. We provide a description of inherited mixture product dualistic geometry of the family of mixture densities.
Low-Dissipation Thermosets Derived from Oligo(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)-containing Benzoxazines
Authors: Chen Chien-Han , Lee Kuan-Wei , Lin Ching-Hsuan , Juang Tzong-Yuan
Published: March 2018

Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenyl oxide) (PPO) is known for its low dissipation factor. To achieve insulating materials with low dissipation factor for high-frequency communication application, a monomer-type benzoxazine (P-APPO) and a main-chain-type benzoxazine (BPA-APPO) were prepared from an amine end-capped oligo (2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) (APPO). The APPO was prepared from a nucleophilic substitution of a phenol-end capped oligo (2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) (a commercial product, SA 90) with fluoronitrobenzene, and followed by catalytic hydrogenation. After self-curing or curing with a dicyclopentadiene-phenol epoxy (HP 7200), thermosets with high-Tg and low-dissipation factor can be achieved. Furthermore, the resulting epoxy thermosets show better thermal and dielectric properties than those of epoxy thermoset cured from its precursor SA90, demonstrating it is a successful modification in simultaneously enhancing the thermal and dielectric properties.
Relative Contribution of Public Sector, Banking Sector, and Non-Bank Financial Sector Claims in U.S. Global Banks' Exposure to Foreign Counterparties' Default Risks
Authors: Niankara Ibrahim , Ismail Hassan
Published: March 2018

This paper relies on accounting-based measures of country risk to investigate U.S. global banks' exposure to foreign country risk over the 2017 fiscal year as measured by the sum of cross-border risk, foreign office risk, and derivative risk claims. We achieve this using panel linear modeling methods with country level heterogeneity and time fixed effects, along with a constructed panel data of 284 observations on 71 countries distributed across 6 world regional blocks, and observed over 4 consecutive quarters starting from 4th quarter 2016 and ending with 3rd quarter 2017. The results show that on average, over the four quarters, a 1% increase in foreign banking sector's claims significantly increases U.S. global banks cross border risk exposure by 0.34%, while reducing derivative risk exposure by 0.22%, but have no significant impact on foreign office risk exposure. Similar results are observed with public sector claims which significantly increase banks' exposure to cross border risk by 0.21%, while reducing derivative risk exposure by 0.19%. Conversely however, non-bank financial sector claims are found to have no significant affect on cross-border risk exposure, but significantly reduce foreign office risk exposure by 0.09%, while increasing derivative risk exposure by 0.06%. These results indicate the presence of sectoral heterogeneities in U.S. banks' exposure to foreign counterparties' risk, and also that overall, over the course of 2017 the level of U.S. global banks' cross-border risk exposure increased, while their level of derivative risk exposure decreased, and the level of foreign office risk exposure remained relatively unchanged.
Atomic Layer Deposition Grown Zinc-Oxide Based MIS-Type Schottky Barrier Diode
Authors: Kaymak Nuriye , Efil Esra , Seven Elanur , Tataroğlu Adem , Bilge Ocak Sema , Orhan Elif Öz
Published: March 2018

We report on the fabrication and electrical characteristics of zinc-oxide (ZnO) based metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) type Schottky barrier diodes (SBHs). ZnO thin layer on the p-type silicon substrate was fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The structure and surface properties of the thin film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Al/ALD-grown ZnO/p-Si diodes were measured under dark at room temperature. The electrical parameters such as ideality factor (n), series resistance (Rs) and barrier height (ϕb) of the diodes were analyzed using standard thermionic emission (TE) theory, Norde and Cheung method. The barrier height value obtained from I-V and Cheung method was found to be 0.73 eV and 0.76 eV, respectively. The interface state density (Dit) of the diodes was determined from the I-V characteristics. The nonideal behavior of measured parameters suggested the presence of interface states. The obtained results showed that the prepared diode can be used for NIR Schottky photodetector applications.
Orthogonal Moment Extraction and Classification of Melanoma Images
Authors: Singh Sudhakar , Urooj Shabana
Published: March 2018

This paper provides orthogonal moments (OM) such as, Zernike Moments(ZM), Psuedo Zernike Moments(PZM) and Orthogonal Fourier Mellin Moments(OFMM) for the analysis of melanoma images. The moment invariants may vary with respect to geometric variations. For the analysis of orthogonal moments hundred random melanoma images and hundred non-melanoma images have been taken into consideration from the database of 570 melanoma images and 250 non-melanoma images respectively. Orthoganal moments have been computed by varying the phase angles from 10° to 40° with an equal interval of 10° degree for the orders 2, 4,8,16,32,64,128,256 respectively. For the optimal OMs Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique have been used. These set of extracted optimal OMs have been further applied to classify melanoma images. Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been used for the classification of [1]sensitivity=88.78%.
Clinical Management of Low Vitamin D: A Scoping Review of Physician Practices
Authors: Rockwell Michelle , Kraak Vivica , Hulver Matthew , Epling John
Published: March 2018

The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of non-skeletal health issues has received significant media and research attention in recent years. Costs associated with clinical management of low vitamin D (LVD) have increased exponentially. However, no clear evidence supports vitamin D screening to improve health outcomes. Authoritative bodies and professional societies recommend against population-wide vitamin D screening in community-dwelling adults who are asymptomatic or at low risk of LVD. In order to assess patterns of physician management of LVD in this conflicting environment, we conducted a scoping review of three electronic databases and gray literature. Thirty-eight records met inclusion criteria and were summarized in an evidence table. Results from seven countries showed a consistent increase in vitamin D lab tests and related costs. Many vitamin D testing patterns reflected screening rather than targeted testing for individuals at high risk of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Interventions aimed at managing inappropriate clinical practices related to LVD were effective in the short term. Variability and controversy were pervasive in many aspects of vitamin D management, shining light on physician practices in the face of uncertainty. Future research is needed is needed to inform better clinical guidelines and to assess implementation practices that encourage evidence-based management of LVD in adult populations.
Modelling and Development of Electrical Aptasensors, a Short Review
Authors: Cataldo Rosella , Leuzzi Maria , Alfinito Eleonora
Published: March 2018

Selected by in vitro techniques (SELEX, cell-SELEX), aptamers are strands of DNA or RNA molecules able to bind a wide range of targets, from small molecules to live cells, and even tissues, with high affinity and specificity. Due to their efficient targeting ability, aptamers are extensively used in different fields of applications. For example, they ensure high performance as cancer-related markers or in recognizing cancer cells. Actually, they represent a promising way for early diagnosis (biosensors) and to deliver imaging agents and drugs, in both cancer imaging and therapy (therapeutic aptamers). Aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) have attracted particular attention over the last decades, so as the possibility of using aptamers in disease therapy in substitution of monoclonal antibodies. The paper briefly reviews the most recent literature on this topic, both concerning the advances in biomedical applications and in the development of electrical aptasensors. The investigation concerning the bioelectronics features of aptamers, to be implemented in the development of electrical nanobiosensors, is also reviewed. To this aim, some recent results of a theoretical/computational framework for modelling the electrical properties of biomolecules (Proteotronics) are reported.
Selection of Tsunami Observation Points Suitable for Database-Driven Prediction
Authors: Taniguchi Junichi , Tagawa Kyohei , Yoshikawa Masashi , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Ohsumi Tsuneo , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Hori Takane , Okada Masato , Baba Toshitaka ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan,   Graduate School of Frontier Science, Tokyo University, Chiba, Japan,   Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Ibaraki, Japan,   Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Published: March 2018

During the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, real-time estimate of the earthquake’s magnitude was quite low, and consequently, the first report about the tsunami also understated its severity. To solve this issue, some proposed a massive overhaul of Japan’s offshore tsunami observation networks and methods to predict tsunamis in real time. In this study, we built a database containing 3,967 scenarios of tsunamis caused by earthquakes with hypocenters along the Nankai Trough, and tested a tsunami prediction method that uses this database along with offshore tsunami observation networks. Thus, we found that an uneven distribution of observation points had a negative effect on predictive accuracy. We then used simulated annealing to select the observation points to be used at each observation site and found that the predictive accuracy improved while using a few selected observation points compared to using every point.
Assessment of Street Network Accessibility in Tokyo Metropolitan Area After a Large Earthquake
Authors: Osaragi Toshihiro ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-M1-25, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan, Kishimoto Maki , Oki Takuya
Published: March 2018

It is difficult to evaluate the street network accessibility after a large earthquake occurs. In this paper, we construct a model to evaluate the street network accessibility for wide-area emergency behaviors under the condition of property damage in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area after a large earthquake. Additionally, we analyze the relationships between a local environment and street network accessibility by using multiple regression analysis. Finally, we discuss some important factors for evaluating risk mitigation strategies.
Extraction of Collapsed Bridges Due to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake from Post-Event SAR Images
Authors: Liu Wen ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan, Yamazaki Fumio
Published: March 2018

Since synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors onboard satellites can work under all weather and sunlight conditions, they are suitable for information gathering in emergency response after disasters occur. This study attempted to extract collapsed bridges in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, which was affected by more than 15-m high tsunamis due to the Mw 9.0 earthquake on March 11, 2011. First, the locations of the bridges were extracted using GIS data of roads and rivers. Then, we attempted to detect the collapsed or washed-away bridges using visual interpretation and thresholding methods. The threshold values on the SAR backscattering coefficients and the percentage of non-water regions were applied to the post-event high-resolution TerraSAR-X images. The results were compared with the optical images and damage investigation reports. The effective use of a single SAR intensity image in the extraction of collapsed bridges was demonstrated with a high overall accuracy of more than 90%.
An Analysis Technique of Evacuation Simulation Using an Array DBMS
Authors: Kawai Yusuke , Zhao Jing , Sugiura Kento , Ishikawa Yoshiharu , Wakita Yukiko ,   Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8601 Japan,   Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University
Published: March 2018

Today, large-scale simulations are thriving because of the increase of computating performance and storage capacity. Understanding the results of these simulations is not easy, and hence, support for interactive and exploratory analysis is becoming more important. This study focuses on spatio-temporal simulations and attempts to develop an analysis technology to support them. It uses a database system for supporting interactive analysis of large-scale data.

Since the data gained via spatio-temporal simulations is not suitable for management in a relational DBMS (RDBMS), this study uses an array DBMS, a type of DBMS that has been garnering increased attention in recent years. An array DBMS is designed for the management of large-scale array data; it provides a logical model for array data, yet it also supports efficient query processing. SciDB is used as our specific array DBMS in this paper.

This study targets disaster evacuation simulation data and demonstrates via experimentation that the query-processing functions offered by an array DBMS provide effective analysis support.
Hybrid System for Generating Data on Human Flow in a Tsunami Disaster
Authors: Kashiyama Takehiro , Sekimoto Yoshihide , Kuwahara Masao , Mitani Takuma , Koshimura Shunichi ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan,   Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan,   Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan,   International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
Published: March 2018

Japan has suffered significant damage from countless earthquakes throughout its history. Thus, it is important to take prompt and effective measures against major future earthquakes predicted. Among the components of damage, measures against tsunamis are a top priority, as demonstrated by the catastrophic losses caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). To date, many studies have been conducted on tsunamis to investigate detection, prediction of flooding, and models of evacuation behaviors. Therefore, this study sought to integrate the results of increasingly advanced research in various fields to construct a system that generates data on human flow during a tsunami disaster. We proceeded with a scenario assuming the Great Nankai Trough Earthquake and considered Kochi City as a case study to conduct a trial tsunami evacuation simulation. We validated and evaluated the evacuation behaviors as a scheme for utilizing knowledge of the ever-changing conditions of evacuation and conducted a visualization and analysis of the simulation results.
Comparative Analysis of Mobile Space Statistics Data and Questionnaire Survey Data to Detect Tsunami Evacuation Behavior: Case of Fukushima Earthquake Tsunami in Ishinomaki City and Watari Town, Miyagi Prefecture
Authors: Togawa Naoki , Sato Shosuke , Imamura Fumihiko ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University Aoba 468-1, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates whether it is possible to determine shelter locations and congestion spots at the time of an event, by resorting to the recently anticipated use of mobile space data at the time of a disaster. This study focused on the earthquake and the resulting tsunami that occurred off the coast of Fukushima Prefecture on November 22nd, 2016. We verified whether it is possible to identify congestion spots and shelter locations by comparing with the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in a previous study on evacuation behavior at the time of the occurrence of earthquakes and tsunamis. As a result, we found that it is difficult to determine evacuation behaviors from the data, as raw mobile space data extracted several hours after the tsunami event only gave information on where spots’ populations ordinarily converge to. We were able to determine the locations where populations gather by taking into consideration time-based differences between the raw data obtained. It, however, proved difficult to obtain a good determination of congestion spots.
Study on Disaster Emergency Provisions in the Constitution of Japan as a Measure Against Huge Disasters – A Discussion Based on Initial and Emergency Responses to the Great East Japan Earthquake (Earthquake and Tsunami) –
Authors: Kotaki Akira , Takeda Fumio ,   Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University 7-3-1 Nagayama, Tama-City, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan,   National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan
Published: March 2018

The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, was the greatest disaster in Japan since World War II. The establishment and operation of the Extreme Disaster Management Headquarters left various lessons about initial and emergency responses against future huge disasters. It is hoped that these lessons will be heeded in measures against huge disasters in Japan in the future. Based on this recognition, this study examines a specific direction in the discussion on introducing Disaster Emergency Provisions in the Constitution of Japan with a view toward huge disasters, such as Tokyo Inland Earthquake and Nankai Trough Earthquake. From the viewpoint of responses against huge disasters, there is a need to discuss what kind of Disaster Emergency Provisions are necessary in order to protect the people from huge disasters that were not considered when the Constitution of Japan was enacted. These provisions should possess a certain specificity, comprehensiveness, and flexibility, and address response measures when there is no time to await legislation by an extraordinary session of the Diet or when such measures cannot be addressed by legislation enacted during normal times. We hope that these lessons culled from initial and emergency responses to the Great East Japan Earthquake will further the discussion on special Constitutional rules on the relationship between the Cabinet and Diet or the national and local governments.
Evaluación y medida del sellado de suelos en el Norte de Madrid (España)
Authors: García Alvarado José María , García Rodríguez Mª Pilar , Pérez González Mª Eugenia
Published: March 2018

El sellado de suelos provocado por el crecimiento urbano produce una pérdida irreversible del ecosistema edáfico, que pocas veces es considerado en los proyectos de expansión urbanística. Aquí el proceso de consumo de suelo se analiza utilizando diversas fuentes de representación espacial, que son tratadas con técnicas de teledetección y SIG. Los nuevos proyectos urbanísticos del N de Madrid mantienen hasta la fecha entre el 41-64 % del suelo sin sellar, minimizando los impactos negativos de la impermeabilización del suelo, si bien responde en parte a la ralentización de las obras durante la crisis. Este estudio establece una metodología de trabajo para detectar y medir la pérdida de suelos en cuatro PAUs en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, como un ejemplo de trabajo a escala local. La accesibilidad de bases de datos, material cartográfico e imágenes de satélite facilita la actualización de la cartografía temática. Los PAUS han sido construidos en suelos que corresponden principalmente a Luvisoles, con inclusiones menores de Calcisoles, Leptosoles, Cambisoles y Regosoles. La baja capacidad agrológica de estos suelos, implica que el sellado de suelos no afecta a suelos muy fértiles, por lo que la pérdida agronómica no es muy importante.
Paisaje natural y envejecimiento saludable en el lugar: el caso del Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey (México)
Authors: Sánchez-González Diego , Adame Rivera Lydia Marcela , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Vicente
Published: March 2018

La investigación analiza los factores del paisaje natural cotidiano que favorecen el envejecimiento saludable en el lugar y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores residentes en los límites del Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey (México). La metodología ha consistido en la utilización de métodos como fotovoz y mapas mentales aplicados a grupos de discusión por personas mayores, encuestas y Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Los resultados indican que la exposición a elementos naturales del paisaje, como árboles y flores, contribuye al envejecimiento saludable en el lugar, favoreciendo las actividades cotidianas, como relaciones sociales y ocio, mejoran la percepción de la salud y disminuyen las necesidades de ayuda. Asimismo, se muestra que el paisaje natural cotidiano, como elemento simbólico de la identidad ambiental, está asociado a la presencia de recuerdos y vivencias del parque, frecuencia de visitas, grado de conservación de la vegetación autóctona, la proximidad al parque, la práctica de ocio y las relaciones sociales. También, el estudio confirma la importancia de las implicaciones de los paisajes naturales en la calidad de vida de la población, en especial, de las personas mayores, por sus beneficios terapéuticos y simbólicos. Además, se propone impulsar esta línea investigación y generar políticas sostenibles de calidad de vida para favorecer el desarrollo y protección de los paisajes naturales en la región.
El episodio de movimientos en masa asociado a los temporales de nieve de 1888 en el Macizo Asturiano
Authors: García-Hernández Cristina , Ruiz-Fernández Jesús , Oliva Marc , Gallinar David
Published: March 2018

Este estudio analiza un episodio de movimientos en masa generado en el contexto de una serie de temporales cuyas repercusiones se dejaron sentir en numerosos países europeos e incluso en la Costa Este de Estados Unidos, afectando también al norte peninsular y, muy especialmente, al territorio del Macizo Asturiano. En este ámbito el episodio consistió en cuatro temporales de nieve que se sucedieron entre el 14 de febrero y el 8 de abril de 1888, dando lugar a espesores nivales que alcanzaron los 9 m de espesor máximo en núcleos como Pajares (1000 m s.n.m.). El manejo de fuentes históricas en combinación con el trabajo de campo y las entrevistas realizadas entre la población, ha permitido esclarecer las circunstancias en las que algunos de estos eventos se dieron, estableciendo la tipología de 27 de los movimientos desencadenados y determinando que, el deslizamiento, fue el tipo de inestabilidad más común. Determinados condicionantes como la litología del sustrato y el abrupto relieve propio de las zonas más altas del Macizo, unidos a factores antrópicos como las modificaciones previamente realizadas en la topografía de determinadas áreas, influyeron en el desarrollo de los hechos. Sin embargo, los aportes de agua procedentes de la fusión nival, se muestran como el principal agente causal de este episodio de movimientos en masa en el que 28 eventos generaron daños materiales así como grandes retrasos en las comunicaciones, resultando fallecida una persona.
Dinámicas demográficas y su relación con la cohesión territorial en las áreas funcionales urbanas de Castilla-La Mancha (España)
Authors: Pillet Capdepón Félix , Cañizares Ruiz María del Carmen , Ruiz Pulpón Ángel Raúl , Martínez Sánchez-Mateos Héctor Manuel , Plaza Tabasco Julio José
Published: March 2018

La Estrategia Territorial Europea (1999) proponía la creación de Áreas Funcionales Urbanas (FUA) como sistemas territoriales que ayudaban a optimizar los procesos de cohesión territorial en los países de la UE. En su configuración, interesaba analizar el nivel de intensificación de las relaciones de dependencia entre un núcleo urbano principal y su área de influencia. Teniendo en cuenta las 10 FUA que caracterizan el policentrismo en Castilla-La Mancha, se realiza un diagnóstico de las dinámicas demográficas que están interviniendo en cada una de ellas, para identificar aquellos territorios que se encuentran mejor posicionados a la hora de implementar la cohesión económica, social y territorial.
Inmigración peruana y pesca en el puerto de Cambados (Galicia): una perspectiva de género
Authors: Piñeiro Antelo María de los Ángeles , Durán Villa Francisco Ramón , Santos Xosé M.
Published: March 2018

Desde los primeros años del siglo XX España es una potencia pesquera, donde se ha desarrollado una pesca industrial altamente competitiva y con un marcado carácter expansivo. Pero donde también la pesca artesanal en el litoral de país continúa manteniendo una importancia estratégica para las poblaciones locales. En Galicia resulta significativa la gran importancia socioeconómica de la pesca, el marisqueo y las actividades vinculadas al mundo de la mar, algo excepcional en el ámbito europeo. Este es el contexto en el que desde los últimos años de siglo XX se ha constatado un proceso de incorporación de inmigrantes a la actividad pesquera. En el año 2011 eran los peruanos los extranjeros más numerosos de los ocupados en la pesca en Galicia. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal realizar un estudio de caso centrado en el pequeño puerto de Cambados, para analizar los niveles de integración social de las mujeres de estos marineros peruanos.
Causas de la emigración española actual: la “movilidad exterior” y la incidencia de la crisis económica
Authors: Romero-Valiente Juan Manuel
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza las causas de la emigración española en el siglo actual, prestando especial atención a la más reciente. La metodología utilizada se basa fundamentalmente en la puesta en relación de datos procedentes de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se concluye que los factores relacionados con la “movilidad exterior” han sido los principales catalizadores de este proceso hasta 2008-2010. A partir de dichos años, pero sobre todo desde 2011, los factores de expulsión asociados a la crisis económica y la agudización de sus efectos se erigen claramente en los principales responsables de su notable crecimiento.
Consumo doméstico de electricidad y forma urbana en la región metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors: López Redondo Joan
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo analiza la relación entre la morfología urbana y el consumo de electricidad a partir del caso de la región metropolitana de Barcelona. Partiendo del estudio de las tipologías urbanas y de los consumos eléctricos domésticos, muestra cómo la menor densidad residencial y la vivienda unifamiliar, que tanto han proliferado en las últimas décadas en este ámbito, se asocian a mayores consumos eléctricos. La aportación presenta interés en el estudio de los costes de los procesos de metropolitanización, de su sostenibilidad ambiental y económica, así como, específicamente de los costes sociales de la difusión de la urbanización sobre el territorio.
Estrategias de ocupación territorial en áreas turísticas consolidadas de la Costa Blanca (España)
Authors: Martí Ciriquián Pablo , Nolasco-Cirugeda Almudena , Serrano-Estrada Leticia
Published: March 2018

La Costa Blanca (España) es uno de los destinos turísticos más relevantes de la costa mediterránea. La importante transformación urbana experimentada por la intensa demanda turística invita a estudiar cuáles son las estrategias de ocupación de suelo y los patrones de organización espacial que configuran estos asentamientos turísticos. Se estudian tres casos representativos –Dénia, Benidorm y Torrevieja– donde se relaciona el turismo de masas con las morfologías de tejido urbano continuo y el turismo residencial y vacacional con las morfologías de tejido urbano discontinuo.
Simulation of Matrix/Fracture Interaction in Low-Permeability Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Ding D. Y. , Farah N.. , Bourbiaux B.. , Wu Y.-S.. -S. , Mestiri I..
Published: March 2018

Unconventional reservoirs, such as shale-gas or tight oil reservoirs, are generally highly fractured (including hydraulic fractures and stimulated and nonstimulated natural fractures of various sizes) and embedded in low-permeability formations. One of the main production mechanisms in unconventional reservoirs is the flow exchange between matrix and fracture media. However, because of extremely low matrix permeability, the matrix/fracture exchange is very slow and the transient flow may last several years to tens of years, or almost the entire production life. The commonly used dual-porosity (DP) modeling approach involves a computation of pseudosteady-state matrix/fracture transfers with homogenized fluid and flow properties within the matrix medium. This kind of model clearly fails to handle the long-lasting matrix/fracture interaction in very-low-permeability reservoirs, especially for multiphase flow with phase-change problems. Moreover, a DP model is not adapted for the simulation of matrix/fracture exchange when fractures are described by a discrete-fracture network (DFN). This paper presents an embedded discrete-fracture model (EDFM) dependent on the multiple-interacting-continua (MINC) proximity function to overcome this insufficiency of the conventional DP model.
A Cost/Benefit Review of Completion Choices in the Williston Basin Using a Hybrid Physics-Based-Modeling/Multivariate-Analysis Approach
Authors: Mayerhofer Michael , Oduba Oladapo , Agarwal Karn , Melcher Howard , Lolon Ely , Bartell Jennifer , Weijers Leen
Published: March 2018

In the Williston Central Basin, a well-completion design has a significant effect on well productivity and ultimate recovery. More than 12,000 horizontal wells have been drilled and completed while completion practices continue to vary widely across the basin. Several companies have adopted slickwater-only designs, whereas others have dramatically increased proppant mass. Completion strategies have differed depending on the area in the basin. The objective of this paper is to discuss the effect of various completion changes in the Central Basin and determine which particular change delivers the most “bang for the buck” using a metric of dollars spent per barrel of oil (USD/BO).

The approach centered around multivariate analysis (MVA) from an extensive petrophysical/completion/production database to verify what completion and petrophysical parameters independently drive production in different areas. Although MVA has been used by the authors and many others before, statistical models are limited by their ability to provide predictive relationships (mostly simple linear regressions, and unreliable beyond the data range). This paper provides a novel hybrid approach that uses calibrated relationships from physics-based modeling (combination of fracture and numerical reservoir modeling) between completion parameters and production response in combination with statistical MVA results. Specifically, the physics-based model is calibrated or “history matched” to a measured production/completion-parameter response as provided by MVA, thus delivering a constrained and more physically realistic production response to suggested completion changes. This model is then coupled with a completion-cost model to determine which completion method is the most effective to lower USD/BO.

Many common completion-parameter changes, such as increasing stage intensity, moving to plug-and-perforate cemented-well designs, increasing injection rate, and increasing proppant mass per lateral foot and fluid volume per lateral foot, have a positive effect on production and are advantageous to lower USD/BO in all areas of the Middle Bakken and Three Forks. The new hybrid MVA approach indicates that pumping slickwater treatments with average proppant concentrations of 1 lbm/gal and treatment sizes from 545 to 750 lbm/ft at pump rates approaching 100 bbl/min through a stage length of 200 ft (50 stages for a 10,000-ft lateral) might be the economic optimum, provided there are no significant well-communication issues.
Comparison of Peng-Robinson Equation of State With Capillary Pressure Model With Engineering Density-Functional Theory in Describing the Phase Behavior of Confined Hydrocarbons
Authors: Liu Yueliang , Jin Zhehui , Li Huazhou Andy
Published: March 2018

The Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) (Robinson and Peng 1978) with capillary effect has been used extensively to describe the phase behavior of hydrocarbons under nanoconfinement in shale reservoirs. In nanopores, surface adsorption may be significant, and molecular distribution is heterogeneous. Although the PR-EOS cannot consider these effects, statistical thermodynamic approaches such as density-functional theory (DFT) can explicitly consider the intermolecular and fluid/surface interactions. In this work, we compare the phase behavior of pure hydrocarbons and mixtures in nanopores from the PR-EOS with capillary effect and engineering DFT. We apply the Young-Laplace (YL) equation, assuming zero contact angle to calculate the capillary pressure in the PR-EOS with capillary effect. On the other hand, we extend the PR-EOS to inhomogeneous conditions with weighted-density approximation (WDA) in engineering DFT.

For pure components, both approaches predict that the dewpoint temperature increases in hydrocarbon-wet nanopores. Although engineering DFT predicts that the confined dewpoint temperature approaches bulk saturation point when pore size approaches 30 nm, the saturation point obtained from the PR-EOS with capillary effect approaches bulk only when the pore size is as large as 1000 nm. With engineering DFT, the critical points in nanopores deviate from those in bulk, but no change is observed from the PR-EOS with capillary-effect model. The difference on the dewpoint temperature between the PR-EOS with capillary effect and engineering DFT decreases as the system pressure approaches the critical pressure. At low-pressure conditions, the PR-EOS with capillary-effect model becomes unreliable.

For binary mixtures, both approaches predict that the lower dewpoint decreases and the upper dewpoint increases. More interestingly, phase transition can still occur when the system temperature is higher than the bulk cricondentherm point. Engineering DFT predicts that the confined lower dewpoint approaches bulk when pore size approaches 20 nm, whereas the dewpoint obtained from the PR-EOS with capillary effect approaches bulk only when the pore size is as large as 100 nm. This work illustrates that assuming homogeneous distributions in nanopores may not be appropriate to predict the phase behavior of hydrocarbons under nanoconfinement.
A realidade virtual como instrumento de apoio à conduta fisioterapêutica
Authors: Duarte Paulo Henrique Meira , Cândido Arlete Julian de Souza , Alves Rodrigo Cabral , Morais Jairo Domingo de
Published: March 2018

Introdução: A realidade virtual vem sendo utilizado como uma excelente ferramenta de apoio à prática fisioterapêutica, pois possibilita uma prática eficaz e com redução de riscos à saúde. Objetivo: Analisar a realidade virtual como um potencial instrumento de apoio à prática fisioterapêutica por meio de uma revisão da literatura. Materiais e métodos: O estudo é definido por ser do tipo exploratório através de uma revisão da literatura. Inicialmente, foi elaborado um questionamento para que houvesse um norte na pesquisa, no qual se questionou em quais doenças a realidade virtual vem sendo empregada como conduta terapêutica na realidade da fisioterapia. Resultados: Foi selecionado um total de onze artigos, nos quais passaram por critérios de seleção. Cerca de quatro artigos destinaram-se a investigar a realidade virtual na paralisia cerebral, três artigos com atenção à saúde do idoso e apenas um artigo para a hemiplegia pós-TCE, doenças de Parkinson, hemiparesia crônica pós-AVE e doença de Ménière. Conclusão: A realidade virtual de fato possui inúmeros benefícios e vem sendo utilizada em diversas patologias e condições, no quais obtém resultados significados na rotina terapêutica.Descritores: Terapia de Exposição à Realidade Virtual; Reabilitação; Fisioterapia.
Ensino da Odontogeriatria em faculdades de Odontologia da região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Porto Érika , Barros Ana Waleska Pessoa , Fernandes Neto José de Alencar , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos
Published: March 2018

Introdução: A população mundial está envelhecendo e já é possível observar um maior número de pacientes idosos sendo atendido em consultórios odontológicos, o que torna cada vez mais necessário que o cirurgião-dentista entenda quais são as condições comumente associadas à terceira idade. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou analisar a situação de ensino da Odontogeriatria nos cursos de Odontologia da região Nordeste do Brasil. Material e método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em outubro de 2016. O universo foi composto por todas as faculdades de Odontologia brasileiras situadas na região Nordeste, em atividade, segundo relação do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO), totalizando 43 instituições. Foi realizada uma consulta às grades curriculares dos cursos e às ementas da disciplina de Odontogeriatria e de disciplinas que envolvessem o conteúdo referente à Odontogeriatria, disponíveis nos sites da internet de cada faculdade. Resultados: Apenas 16 oferecem o ensino da Odontogeriatria em seus currículos e dessas, 10 são em faculdades privadas, 10 ofertam a disciplina de forma obrigatória e somente 6 instituições abordam o conteúdo com atividades práticas. Conclusão: Diante do exposto, a Odontogeriatria nos cursos de Odontologia da região Nordeste do Brasil apresenta-se como uma disciplina que ainda não é unanimidade em todos os currículos, evidenciando assim a necessidade de sua implementação para uma formação profissional voltada a atender satisfatoriamente as necessidades da população idosa.Descritores: Odontologia Geriátrica; Educação em Odontologia; Idoso; Currículo.
Historical changes in primary production in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, after implementing regulations to control the pollutant loads
Authors: Nakai Satoshi , Soga Youhei , Sekito Satoshi , Umehara Akira , Okuda Tetsuji , Ohno Masaki , Nishijima Wataru , Asaoka Satoshi
Published: March 2018

A total pollutant load control system (TPLCS) was implemented in the Seto Inland Sea in 1979 to reduce the water pollution and the frequency of red tides. We estimated primary production from 1981 to 2010 to determine the effects of reducing the nutrient loadings from the surrounding land. While primary production has decreased overall in the Seto Inland Sea in response to the TPLCS and the associated reductions in the total nitrogen (T-N) and phosphorus (T-P) loads from land since 1981, the reductions were limited to 4 of its 11 subareas. Primary production has increased in the Harima Nada but has been stable in the Bingo Nada subarea, reflecting the fact that the T-N and T-P stocks have not decreased in these subareas over the study years. The inconsistent responses of the 11 subareas suggest that the characteristics of each subarea should be considered when environmental management measures are established and implemented in the Seto Inland Sea. The controls on the nutrient loadings according to the TPLCS should be modified to permit better management of this semi-enclosed sea.
Borehole water: a potential health risk to rural communities in South Africa
Authors: Taonameso S. , Mudau L. S. , Traoré A. N. , Potgieter N.
Published: March 2018

Sporadic outbreaks of diarrhoea in children in the Vhembe rural areas could be an indication of contamination in drinking water sources. In areas where improved water sources are used, not all rural households experience the benefits of these improved water sources. Water samples were collected from boreholes in three wards in the Vhembe District to determine microbiological risks over a 5-month period. A Water Point Mapping tool was used to indicate the borehole distribution. Water samples were taken from each functional borehole and analysed for total coliform and Escherichia coli counts, electrical conductivity, pH and temperature. A multiplex PCR protocol was used for identification of pathogenic E. coli. A total of 125 boreholes were identified of which only 12 were functional. Seven boreholes tested positive for total coliforms and E. coli counts. Four boreholes (33.3%) tested positive for diarrhoeagenic E. coli. Fifty-eight percent (58%) of water samples were without health risks, 17% were low risk and 25% could cause infection according to the South African water quality standards. This study indicated the importance of the role of the Municipalities and the maintenance plans that need to ensure that all boreholes are functional and provide safe drinking water to the rural communities.
Od reguł monastycznych do konstytucji zakonnych
Authors: SZEWCZUL BOŻENA
Published: March 2018

Głównym zamiarem autorki artykułu jest ukazanie istoty i znaczenia konstytucji zakonnych, a tym samym przywrócenie właściwego im miejsca we współczesnym życiu zakonnym oraz należnego szacunku i docenienia ich wartości przez zakonników. Dlatego punktem wyjścia było dla niej odwołanie się do pierwszych uregulowań życia poświęconego Bogu w Kościele katolickim, czyli do reguł monastycznych, oraz uznania, a nawet kultu,  jakim otaczali ich mnisi pachomiańscy, bazyliańscy, augustiańscy i benedyktyńscy, a także bracia mniejsi św. Franciszka z Asyżu. Z badań autorki wynika, że dawne reguły oraz współczesne konstytucje zakonne, które są ich kontynuacją, zasługują na uznanie. Są one mocno związane z Pismem Świętym,  m.in. ukazując wierny sposób naśladowania Chrystusa, a także zawierają duchowość założyciela instytutu zakonnego, która wynika z charyzmatu udzielonego mu przez Ducha Świętego dla dobra członków instytutu i całego Kościoła. Przynależność do konkretnego instytutu wymaga zachowania i rozwijania myśli oraz zamiarów założyciela,  czyli tzw. dziedzictwa duchowego, które można poznać głównie dzięki lekturze pozostawionych przez niego konstytucji.
Application of Advanced Electrochemical Methods with Nanomaterial-based Electrodes as Powerful Tools for Trace Analysis of Drugs and Toxic Compounds
Authors: Norouzi Parviz , Larijani Bagher , Alizadeh Taher , Pourbasheer Eslam , Aghazadeh Mostafa , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2018

Background:

The new progress in electronic devices has provided a great opportunity for advancing electrochemical instruments by which we can more easily solve many problems of interest for trace analysis of compounds, with a high degree of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and selectivity. On the other hand, in recent years, there is a significant growth in the application of nanomaterials for the construction of nanosensors due to enhanced chemical and physical properties arising from discrete modified nanomaterial-based electrodes or microelectrodes.

Objective:

Combination of the advanced electrochemical system and nanosensors make these devices very suitable for the high-speed analysis, as motioning and portable devices. This review will discuss the recent developments and achievements that have been reported for trace measurement of drugs and toxic compounds for environment, food and health application.