bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Order Model for Modal Analysis of Electric Motors Considering Material and Dimensional Variations
Authors: Andreou Panagiotis , Theodossiades Stephanos , Hajjaj Amal Z. , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Ricardo Souza Marcos
Published: June 2024

With the electrification of the automotive industry, electric motors have emerged as pivotal components. A profound understanding of their vibrational behaviour stands as a cornerstone for guaranteeing not only the optimal performance and reliability of vehicles in terms of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), but also the overall driving experience. The use of conventional finite element analysis (FEA) techniques for identification of the natural frequencies characteristics of electric motors often imposes significant computational loads, particularly when accurate material and geometrical properties and wider frequency ranges are considered. On the other hand, traditional reduced order vibroacoustic methodologies utilising simplified 2D representations, introduce several assumptions regarding boundary conditions and properties, leading to sacrifices in the accuracy of the results. To address these limitations, this study presents a novel electric motor modal analysis approach by employing a reduced order 3D thick cylindrical model that accommodates bi-directional variations in both material properties and dimensions, to accurately represent a real stator/ frame assembly. The model is derived directly from the 3D elasticity equations, and expressions are developed for different combinations of boundary conditions. The method’s effectiveness is demonstrated through comparative studies with full FEA simulations data showing excellent agreement. The outcome of this study is a powerful yet highly computationally efficient, modal analysis tool, with reduced set-up complexity, that will ultimately aid engineers in the design and optimisation of electric powertrains in early prediction of the system’s natural frequencies during initial design stages.
Frequency Response Analysis of Fully Trimmed Models Using Compressed Reduced Impedance Matrix Methodology
Authors: Paiva Andre , Verhaegen Julien , Lielens Gregory , Van den Nieuwenhof Benoit
Published: June 2024

As vibration and noise regulations become more stringent, numerical models need to incorporate more detailed damping treatments. Commercial frameworks, such as Nastran and Actran, allow the representation of trim components as frequency-dependent reduced impedance matrices (RIM) in direct frequency response (DFR) analysis of fully trimmed models.

The RIM is versatile enough to couple the trims to modal-based or physical components. If physical, the trim components are reduced on the physical coupling degrees of freedom (DOFs) for each connected interface. If modal, the RIMs are projected on the eigenmodes of the connected component. While a model size reduction is achieved compared to the original model, most numerical models possess an extensive number of interfaces DOFs, either modal or physical, resulting in large, dense RIMs that demand substantial memory and disk storage. Thus, the approach faces challenges related to storage capacities and efficiency, because of the demanding computational input/output (I/O) operations involved.

This paper introduces a new robust and efficient methodology. It aims to further compress these RIMs when dealing with modal components. Instead of performing a conventional modal projection, the method reduces the global modes onto the coupling surfaces of each component to their most significant contributions. The paper demonstrates, on an industrial fully trimmed car body model, that if the truncation process eliminates low-effect contributions sufficiently, the coupling is adequately represented, resulting in a significant reduction in disk storage with minimal loss of accuracy. As an additional benefit, the computational time is reduced due to the I/O handling of much smaller matrices.
Modelling Charging Infrastructure in V2G Scenario
Authors: Innocenti Eleonora , Berzi Lorenzo , Kociu Aljon , Delogu Massimo
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, electrification is largely acknowledged as a crucial strategy to mitigate climate change, especially for the transportation sector through the transition from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). As the demand for EVs continues to rise, the development of a robust and widespread charging infrastructure has become a top priority for governments and decision-makers. In this context, innovative approaches to energy management and sustainability, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), are gradually being employed, leading to new challenges, like grid service integration, charge scheduling and public acceptance. For instance, the planned use scenario, the user’s behavior, and the reachability of the geographical position influence the optimal energy management strategies both maintain user satisfaction and optimize grid impact. Firstly, this paper not only presents an extensive classification of charging infrastructure and possible planning activities related to different charging scenarios but also indicates the most feasible Point of Interest (POIs) for certain energy strategies and a user’s behavior associated with POIs. Secondly, the article proposes a systematic procedure to analyze the potential location using accessible data from OpenStreetMap (OSM), considering different POIs categories and the classifications proposed above. Therefore, this methodology can support future practitioners both in the definition of the suitability of a charging geographical position for specified energy management strategies (e.g., V2G) and the best path planning for a defined charging location. Lastly, the proposed model is applied to a real case study, functional to the XL-Connect Horizon Europe project. The results proposed utilized open-source geographical data and can be obtained for other worldwide case studies.
Development of a Soft-Actor Critic Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for the Energy Management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Rolando Luciano , Campanelli Nicola , Tresca Luigi , Pulvirenti Luca , Millo Federico
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the urgent need to fully exploit the fuel economy potential of Electrified Vehicles (xEVs) through the optimal design of their Energy Management System (EMS) has led to an increasing interest in Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Among them, Reinforcement Learning (RL) seems to be one of the most promising approaches thanks to its peculiar structure in which an agent learns the optimal control strategy by interacting directly with an environment, making decisions, and receiving feedback in the form of rewards. Therefore, in this study, a new Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) agent, which exploits a stochastic policy, was implemented on a digital twin of a state-of-the-art diesel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) available on the European market. The SAC agent was trained to enhance the fuel economy of the PHEV while guaranteeing its battery charge sustainability. The proposed control strategy's potential was first assessed on the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) and benchmarked against a Dynamic Programming (DP) optimization to evaluate the performance of two different rewards. Then, the best-performing agent was tested on two additional driving cycles taken from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory framework: the Federal Test Procedure-75 (FTP75) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET), representative of urban and highway driving scenarios, respectively. The best-performing SAC model achieved results close to the DP reference on the WLTC, with a limited gap (lower than 9%) in terms of fuel consumption over all the testing cycles.
Potential of Serial Hybrid Powertrain Concepts towards Decarbonizing the Off-Highway Machinery
Authors: Weber Jost , Schatorje Jesper , Frekers Yona , Herrmann Olaf , Gries Rafael
Published: June 2024

Today’s engines used in Agriculture, Mining and Construction are designed for robustness and cost. Here, the Diesel powertrain is the established mainstream solution, offering long operation times without refueling at any desired power rating. In view of the steps towards Carbon Neutrality by 2050, this segment of the Transportation Sector needs to reduce its CO2 emissions. Currently, the EU and US emissions legislations (EU Stage V / EPA Tier4) do not include a CO2 reduction scheme, but this is expected to change with the next update towards EU Stage VI / EPA Tier5 coming into effect 2030 and after. Applications demanding high power or long operational range still require the use of renewable, liquid fuels or hydrogen. The cost-up of such fuels could be counterbalanced by more efficient engines in combination with a hybridized powertrain. The current paper therefore introduces a serial HEV solution for a large wheel loader application of 12t tipping load, which is an example of a typical use-case from the construction equipment industry. A control strategy was developed to operate at best system efficiency while also optimizing the heat-up of the aftertreatment system for minimizing the emissions below EUVII regulation limits for commercial vehicles. The controls are verified by using an NRTC engine test cycle whereas the electric components are modeled but a real Diesel engine including aftertreatment system is used on the engine dynamometer side.
Effects of Renewable Fuels on the Performance and Emissions of a Small Displacement Diesel Engine for Urban Mobility
Authors: Chiavola Ornella , Matijošius Jonas , Palmieri Fulvio , Recco Erasmo
Published: June 2024

In the frame of growing concerns over climate change and health, renewable fuels can make an important contribution to decarbonizing the transport sector.

The current work presents the results of an investigation into the impact of renewable fuels on the combustion and emissions of a turbocharged compression-ignition internal combustion engine. An experimental study was undertaken and the engine settings were not modified to account for the fuel's chemical and physical properties, to analyze the performance of the fuel as a potential drop-in alternative fuel. Three fuels were tested: mineral diesel, a blend of it with waste cooking oil biodiesel and a hydrogenated diesel. The analysis of the emissions at engine exhaust highlights that hydrogenated fuel is cleaner, reducing CO, total hydrocarbon emissions, particulate matter and NOx.
Exploring Methanol and Naphtha as Alternative Fuels for a Hybrid-ICE Battery-Driven Light-Duty Vehicle
Authors: Iñiguez Erasmo , Marco-Gimeno Javier , Monsalve-Serrano Javier , Garcia Antonio
Published: June 2024

In pursuing sustainable automotive technologies, exploring alternative fuels for hybrid vehicles is crucial in reducing environmental impact and aligning with global carbon emission reduction goals. This work compares methanol and naphtha as potential suitable alternative fuels for running in a battery-driven light-duty hybrid vehicle by comparing their performance with the diesel baseline engine. This work employs a 0-D vehicle simulation model within the GT-Power suite to replicate vehicle dynamics under the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). The vehicle choice enables the assessment of a delivery application scenario using distinct cargo capacities: 0%, 50%, and 100%. The model is fed with engine maps derived from previous experimental work conducted in the same engine, in which a full calibration was obtained that ensures the engine's operability in a wide region of rotational speed and loads. The calibration suggested that the engine could operate in a selected region where both the fuel consumption and emissions were optimal to reduce the environmental impact significantly compared to its diesel counterpart. The results show that the operation at higher engine speeds and loads to charge the battery and the engine running with naphtha or methanol significantly reduces the NOx emissions and the overall CO2 impact. Additionally, the study highlights that the challenges associated with using pure methanol in a compression ignition engine at low-load conditions are substantially mitigated in a hybrid setup, which assists in engine start-up and stabilization, facilitating optimal operational efficiency.
Experimental Assessment of Drop-In Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) in a Medium-Duty B7 Diesel Engine for Low-Emissions Marine Applications
Authors: Cosseddu Cinzia , Spedicato Tonio , Pennazio Davide , Vassallo Alberto , Fittavolini Corrado
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, the push for more ecological low-carbon propulsion systems is high in all mobility sectors, including the recreational or light-commercial boating, where propulsion is usually provided by internal combustion engines derived from road applications. In this work, the effects of replacing conventional fossil-derived B7 diesel with Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) were experimentally investigated in a modern Medium-Duty Diesel Engine, using the advanced biofuel as ‘drop-in’ and testing according to the ISO 8178 marine standard. The compounded results showed significant benefits in terms of NOx, Particulate Matter, mass fuel consumption and especially Well-to-Wake (WtW) CO2 thanks to the inner properties of the aromatic-free, hydrogen-rich renewable fuel, with no impact on the engine power and minimal deterioration of the volumetric fuel economy.
Sustainable Fuels for Long-Haul Truck Engines: A 1D-CFD Analysis
Authors: Volza Antonello , Pisapia Alfredo , Caprioli Stefano , Rinaldini Carlo , Mattarelli Enrico
Published: June 2024

Heavy duty engines for long-haul trucks are quite difficult to electrify, due to the large amount of energy that should be stored on-board to achieve a range comparable to that of conventional fuels. In particular, this paper considers a stock engine with a displacement of 12.9 L, developed by the manufacturer in two different versions. As a standard diesel, the engine is able to deliver about 420 kW at 1800 rpm, whereas in the compressed natural gas configuration the maximum power output is 330 kW, at the same speed. Three possible alternatives to these fossil fuels are considered in this study: biodiesel (HVOlution by Eni), bio-methane and green hydrogen.

While the replacement of diesel and compressed natura gas with biofuels does not need significant hardware modifications, the implementation of a hydrogen spark ignition combustion system requires a deep revision of the engine concept. For a more straightforward comparison among the alternative fuels, the same engine platform has been considered.

The hydrogen engine has been optimized with the support of CFD-1D simulation (GT-Power), using models calibrated with experimental data, obtained on the diesel and compressed natural gas versions. The numerical tool includes a predictive combustion model (SI-Turb), also calibrated with experimental data on a hydrogen prototype.

The study shows that the implementation of a combustion system running on lean mixtures of hydrogen, permits to cancel the emissions of CO2, while maintaining the same power output of the compressed natural gas / bio-methane engine (but about 20% lower than the biodiesel). Moreover, the concentration of NOx is very low (<20 ppm) at all the operating conditions, enabling a strong simplification of the after-treatment system, at least in comparison to the original diesel/biodiesel version. Finally, the hydrogen solution exhibits an average increase of approximately 9% in efficiency respect to the compressed natural gas configuration, but it remains less efficient if compared to its biodiesel counterpart (-11%).
Aerodynamics' Influence on Performance in Human-Powered Vehicles for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Di Gesù Alessandro , Gastaldi Chiara , Delprete Cristiana
Published: June 2024

The problem of transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is common knowledge. In recent years, the electrification of cars is being prompted by many as the best solution to this issue. However, due to their rather big battery packs, the embedded ecological footprint of electric cars has been shown to be still quite high. Therefore, depending on the size of the vehicle, tens -if not hundreds- of thousands of kilometres are needed to offset this burden. Human-powered vehicles (HPVs), thanks to their smaller size, are inherently much cleaner means of transportation, yet their limited speed impedes widespread adoption for mid-range and long-range trips, favouring cars, especially in rural areas. This paper addresses the challenge of HPVs speed, limited by their low input power and non-optimal distribution of the resistive forces. The article analyses dissipation sources from rolling resistance, aerodynamics, inertia, and more for various vehicles, emphasizing the fundamental role of aerodynamic resistance for HPVs. It is here shown that, for classical non-enclosed bicycles, aerodynamic resistance is typically much higher than rolling resistance, and possibly higher than any type of dissipation during rural trips. Enclosed HPVs, specifically velomobiles, are then proposed as a solution. Their low drag results in a distribution of the various sources of dissipation more similar to that of a car than that of a bicycle. Furthermore, their use in tandem for long rural trips is shown to be particularly efficient, exceeding the 40 km/h threshold with only 75 W/rider and negligible battery consumption. Urban trips, with heavy traffic, may favour non-faired bicycles over velomobiles. However, the latter remain valuable in average-to-low traffic conditions and offer a decisive advantage when the weather is non-optimal.
The Evolution of Conventional Vehicles’ Efficiency for Meeting Carbon Neutrality Ambition
Authors: Komnos Dimitrios , Nur Jamil , Tansini Alessandro , Ktistakis Markos Alexandros , Suarez Jaime , Krause Jette , Fontaras Georgios
Published: June 2024

In 2023, the European Union set more ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars: the new fleet-wide average targets became 93.6 g/km for 2025, 49.5 g/km in 2030, going to 0 in 2035. One year away from the 2025 target, this study evaluates what contribution to CO2 reduction was achieved from new conventional vehicles and how to interpret forecasts for future efficiency gains. The European Commission’s vehicle efficiency cost-curves suggest that optimal technology adoption can guarantee up to 50% CO2 reduction by 2025 for conventional vehicles. Official registration data between 2013 and 2022, however, reveal only an average 14% increase in fuel efficiency in standard combustion vehicles, although reaching almost 23% for standard hybrids. The smallest gap between certified emissions and best-case scenarios is of 14 g/km, suggesting that some manufacturers’ declared values are approaching the optimum. Yet, the majority of vehicles do not appear to fully exploit the potential of the technological boundary. In 2022, gasoline vehicles’ mass, engine size and power alone explained 67% of CO2 variation, an increase of almost 20% from 2014. For diesels, wheelbase – a proxy for vehicle size – increased in explanatory power from 5% to 18%, to the detriment of engine size, which lost 6% variance points. Vehicle mass, power, capacity and size explain well the gap between current CO2 emissions and optimal targets and may add or subtract efficiency from other energy-saving technologies. These patterns should be read in combination with the evolution of the different vehicle segments’ market shares, which saw a 40% increase in Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), and a sharp decrease in diesel registrations. Finally, this paper offers a statistical analysis first attempt at disentangling over time changes in vehicle characteristics from actual improvements in vehicle efficiency.
Experimental and Simulation Study of Zero Flow Impact on Hybrid Vehicle Emissions
Authors: Emmanouil Valesia , Koltsakis Grigorios , Kotoulas Costas
Published: June 2024

Combustion engines in hybrid vehicles start and shut off several times during a typical passenger car trip. Each engine restart may pose a risk of excessive tailpipe emissions in real-drive conditions if the after-treatment system fails to maintain an adequate temperature level during engine off mode. In view of the tightening worldwide tailpipe emissions standards and real-world conformity requirements, it is important to detect and resolve such risks via reliable and cost-effective engineering tools that can perform accurate analysis of the thermal and chemical behavior of exhaust systems. In this work, we present a catalyst model that predicts the 3D thermal and chemical behavior under normal and zero flow conditions. Particular emphasis is given to the phenomena of free convection and thermal radiation dominating the heat transfer at zero flow. Next, we examine the impact of zero-flow duration on the exhaust system temperature and subsequent emissions risk and we validate the obtained results with respective measurements from experimental tests. Overall, the model can accurately predict the temperature distribution inside the catalyst and tail pipe emissions, under a broad range of operating conditions. The model can subsequently be used to study several scenarios of vehicle hybridization schemes, as well as techniques to minimize the risk of zero flow operation by proper system design and control.
Cobalt-Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Round Bars 19Cr - 36Co - 25Ni - 7.0Mo - 0.50Cb (Nb) - 2.9Ti - 0.20Al - 9.0Fe Vacuum Induction Plus Vacuum Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated, Work-Strengthened, and Aged, Modified Strength
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: June 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant, work-strengthened, and aged cobalt-nickel-chromium alloy in the form of bars 2 inches (50 mm) and under in nominal diameter.
THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLE OF HERBAL PRODUCTS IN THE MANAGEMENT
OF GOUT (VATARAKTA): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Tewari Deepika , Tewari Vimal , Potbhare Balaji
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Vatarakta is a Vata Vyadhi that occurs due to exacerbated Vata and Rakta Dosha by their causa-tive factors. It can occur in the whole body but since joints of the hand and foot are more affected it resembles gouty arthritis as described in allopathic science. Gout is a disease described in conventional medicine that has similarities to the Vatarakta. It is a type of inflammatory arthritis that is triggered by the crystallization of uric acid within the joints and is often associated with hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia can be caused by overproduc-tion of uric acid, or, more commonly by inefficient excretion by the kidneys. The clinical presentation of gout ranges from the typical episodic acute inflammation of the joint to chronic tophaceous gout, chronic polyarticular arthritis, urate nephrolithiasis, and interstitial nephropathies. Several herbal drugs are well known for their thera-peutic effects and lower toxicity and are important substances for new drug development.
Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to explore and validate the efficacy of herbal medicines in the management of gout. This review aims to update some research findings regarding the biological activities of the herbal ingredients of Ayurvedic medicines used in gout and also to collect an adequate basis for the opti-mal integration of Ayurvedic medicines into the conventional health system (Allopath).
Materials & Methods: Systematic literature searches were carried out and the available information on Vatarak-ta and gout was collected via electronic search and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed jour-nals and locally available books. Literature searches were also carried out to find the biochemical effects of vari-ous herbs mentioned in the management of hyperuricemia and gout.
Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that plant-derived biochemicals have a potential effect on gout. These ef-fects comprise XOD inhibitory action, uricosuric, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effects, etc. During the analy-sis of the literature available in Ayurveda, Allopathy, and related other branches of health science it was found that integrative medicine would be the optimal strategy to develop more effective agents in the treatment of gout (Vatarakta) and a combination of therapies may be very effective in reducing both the effect and frequency of disease.
WOOLLY HAIR SYNDROME -AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT-A CASE REPORT
Authors: Prakash Kalyani Parinita
Published: June 2024

Woolly hair syndrome is most evident in childhood. No treatment for woolly hair is currently available. Physical
& chemical cosmetic measures should be avoided per modern medical science guidelines. Hereditary woolly hair
is autosomal dominant & familial woolly hair is autosomal recessive. It is a group of disorders involving structural defects in the hair shaft. This rare congenital abnormality of the structure of scalp hair is marked by extreme
kinkiness of hair. In Ashtonindita adhyaya, Acharya Charak described Aatiloma & Aloma conditions of hair. A
case study was conducted on an 11-year-old female patient diagnosed with short anagen syndrome woolly hair
syndrome. In this case, Ayurvedic management, i.e. Panchakarma (tikta Kshirbasti) with shaman chikitsa, was
essential in treating this kashtasadhya disease.
AN AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PALMO-PLANTAR PSORIASIS BY BAKULA PATRA- A CASE STUDY
Authors: H N Bhavana , K G Giriprashanth , Gaitonde Bhavana S
Published: June 2024

Background
Skin diseases are a group of diseases that a larger population of the world is suffering from. Care for the skin is emphasised, as it is the largest organ of our body. In Ayurveda, all skin diseases are dealt with under Kushta. Vipadika Kusthta is one of the Kshudrakusta, which occurs due to Tridosha Prakopa. This causes Teevra Ve-dana, Pani Pada Sputana. In the modern system of medicine, Vipadika Kusta can be correlated to Palmo-plantar psoriasis. The national prevalence of Palmoplantar psoriasis is estimated to be 0.12%. The symptoms include elevated and thickened skin surface, scaling, itching, burning sensation, cracks and bleeding. Aim- To evaluate Bakula Patra Kashaya's efficacy in managing Palmoplantar psoriasis. Methodology- In the present case, a fe-male patient aged 74 years complained of itching, burning sensation, cracks, and scaling over bilateral soles and palms for three months. It was initially treated with Bakula Patra Kashaya for fifteen days, and Shodhana was given, which included Snehapana with Panchatiktaka Guggulu Grita for three days, Vishramakala where Sar-vanga Abhyanga with Yastimadhu Taila for three days in the absence of Swedana and on 7th day Virechana with 25gm Trivrut Lehya followed by 60ml Draksha Rasa was given. Results—Vipadika Kusta was assessed using subjective and objective criteria based on Lakshanas, and the score was noted before and after the treatment. The symptoms were significantly improved after the consumption of Bakula Patra Kashaya. Conclusion- Mimosops elengi Linn, belonging to the Sapotaceae family, is indicated in Twak Vikaras. The leaves contain active princi-ples like Quercetin, Hentriacontane, and steroidal saponin, which have wound-healing properties and might have helped heal cracks. Quercetin has anti-histaminic activity, which might have reduced itching.
ՄԱՆԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐԸ ԿՐԹՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳԻ ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԱԿԻՑ ՄԱՐՏԱՀՐԱՎԵՐՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ
Authors: Գևորգյան Սրբուհի
Published: June 2024

Հոդվածում ներկայացվել են մեր կողմից իրականացված հետազոտությունների արդյունքներից մի հատված ու տարբեր մասնագետների մոտեցումներ հետևյալ հարցերի ուղղությամբ՝ ի՞նչ է փոխվել երեխայի իմացական ոլորտում, մասնավորապես՝ մտածողության մեջ, սոցիալական վարքագծում, հուզակամային ոլորտում ըստ տարիքային փուլերի, ի՞նչ դրական և բացասական հետևանքների դրանք կարող են հանգեցնել անձի սոցիալականացման գործընթացում, ինչպ՞ես, ի՞նչ ուղղություններով վերափոխել կրթության համակարգը, ուսուցման գործընթացի մեթոդաբանությունը, որպեսզի հարմարեցնել ժամանակակից անձի զարգացման և տարիքային փոփոխություններին, կառավարել այդ զարգացումները, ապահովել նրա հաջող և ակտիվ սոցիալականացումը։ Մասնավորապես ներկայացվել են 21-րդ դարում  կրտսեր դպրոցական տարիքում երեխայի իմացական, հուզակամային ոլորտներում, սոցիալական վարքագծում տեղի ունեցող փոփոխությունները։ Հետազոտություններն իրականացվել են դիտման, հացազրույցի, հրցաթերթիկային հացման և թեստերի մեթոդներով։ Հետազոտություններին մասնակցել են նախադպրոցական, դպրոցական տարիքի երեխաներ, ուսուցիչներ, մասնագետ մանկավարժներ։  Մեր կողմից կատարված հետազոտությունները փաստում են, որ ընդհանուր զարգացման տեմպերով, հոգեբանական նորագոյացությունների քանակով, դրանց դրսևորումների առանձնահատկություններով,   ընդհանրական կարողունակություններով 21-րդ դարի երեխաներն առաջ են անցել նախորդ սերունդների իրենց հասակակիցներից։ Սակայն այստեղ, մեր կարծիքով, նպատակահարմար չէ միանշանակ դրական գնահատել այդ փոփոխությունները, քանի որ հոգեբանամանկավարժական տեսանկյունից առա են մի շարք խնդիրներ, որոնց մասին հանգամանորեն խոսել ենք հոդվածում։
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPETENCIES OF THE PEDAGOGICAL STAFF IN THE CURRENT CRISIS SITUATION
Authors: Papoyan Varduhi , Sargsyan Diana , Galstyan Alina , Karapetyan Milena
Published: June 2024

Recently, the changes taking place in RA due to the long-term crisis situation (war, covid-19 consequences) are challenging for professional abilities, among which we specifically referred to the professional competencies of pedagogical staff and their changes based on the effects of the crisis.
The paper presents the results of the study of the teaching staff competencies from the standpoint of mental activation, emotional tone and stress resistance parameters. Our goal is to show the manifestation of the above qualities as an additional resource in pedagogical activity, as well as the acquisition of new competencies.  It is important to note that the modern conditions have been challenging for the professional competencies of pedagogical staff with the need to use technologies, as well as the changes that lie ahead came as a result of a number of effects caused by the crisis situation. Generally, the profession is made by competencies including the knowledge, skills and abilities and in crisis situation these components becoming the target. Pedagogical staff’s stress can be represented as the experience by a teacher of unpleasant emotions, such as tension, frustration, anxiety, anger, and depression, resulting from aspects of work as a teacher [9,11]. In recent years, steadily increasing costs and consequences of pedagogues’ stress has received growing concern. To reduce the negative effects stress has on pedagogues, more attention needs to be placed on these growing effects of the crisis [10]. Pedagogical stress is caused by environmental factors as well as individual characteristics. Major environmental factors include poor working conditions, scarcity of resources, heavy workloads, low level of ability to adapt to crisis situations, low level of openness to experience, emotional tone and etc.
CHANGES IN SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE MODERN SOCIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DEMOCRACY
Authors: Alaverdyan Nelli
Published: June 2024

The  article is about the society that appeared in this new social situation due to democracy, which is facing drastic changes and which brings with it not only the need for the restructuring of the society, the introduction and operation of new social institutions, but also the cultural, socio-psychological support of the society. need for change. Complex shifts in the social and spiritual life of society take place, which lead to a change in the socio-psychological basis of society and a transformation of human existence.
These new democratic conditions, to a greater or lesser extent, also affect the nature and content of human relations, as well as the manifestation of behavior. Since civilization is based on the vital needs of a person, they are also an incentive to make human life more active. A democratic society becomes multi-faceted and alternative, and such a moral and psychological atmosphere is created, when a person not only does not feel cultural inferiority, but also becomes a being more adaptable to the new lifestyle and lifestyle. A person does not indicate a social affiliation, but also characterizes a certain worldview, way of thinking and lifestyle.
The purpose of the research is the socio-philosophical and psychological analysis of the basis of social reality and the problems of making modern challenges viable in the conditions of democracy.
Analisis Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah pada Pembelajaran PKn di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Bahari Reno , Nurmalasari Linda , Permana Yongki Deo
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengkaji implementasi model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) dalam mata pelajaran PKn di Sekolah Dasar. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi kelas, wawancara mendalam dengan guru dan siswa. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBM dalam pembelajaran PKn di SD dilakukan dengan mengikuti tahapan yang sistematis, termasuk orientasi masalah, pengorganisasian siswa untuk belajar, bimbingan penyelidikan perorangan dan gabungan, pengembangan serta penyajian hasil karya, dan analisis serta ulasan proses pemecahan masalah. Namun, terdapat beberapa hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya, seperti keterbatasan waktu, kurangnya sumber belajar, dan kemampuan siswa yang beragam. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai penerapan model PBM dalam pembelajaran PKn di SD dan menawarkan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis masalah di tingkat Sekolah Dasar.
Determinants of the Ability of Spi Personnel in the Prevention and Detection of Fraud at State Universities (PTN) in Indonesia
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University, South Sumatra, Indonesia., Yulindah Yulindah , Saftiana Yulia ,   Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University, South Sumatra, Indonesia., Yuniarti Emylia ,   Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University, South Sumatra, Indonesia.
Published: June 2024

This research aims to test, analyze and apply grand theory to the determining factors of SPI personnel's ability as internal auditors in educational sector institutions, namely competence, independence, work experience, professional skepticism and spiritual intelligence in the prevention and detection of fraud in state universities and apply research variables to state university management who want to improve the internal audit function (SPI). This research uses quantitative methods. The data source used in this research is primary data measured using a Likert scale obtained directly from respondents via a questionnaire. The population in this study were all SPI personnel at PTN Indonesia in the State University category under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, Technology and Higher Education. The sampling technique is using a census technique or total sampling with a sampling method using the non-probability sampling _Convenience Sampling method. The analysis technique uses IBM Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 24.0 software. Partial and simultaneous research results show that competence, work experience, professional skepticism and spiritual intelligence have a positive and significant effect on fraud prevention and detection, while independence does not have a positive and significant effect on fraud prevention and detection.
Identifikasi Autokorelasi Spasial pada Perencanaan Menara Telekomunikasi di Kota Sabang
Authors: Rachmadsyah Angga Satria
Published: June 2024

Teknik analisis autokorelasi spasial Moran's I serta teknik Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) merupakan teknik analisis yang memungkinkan untuk melakukan perencanaan menara telekomunikasi lebih akurat dengan cara mengidentifikasi pola spasial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara menghitung estimasi penduduk, pengguna dan trafik seluler yang kemudian dilakukan perhitungan estimasi kebutuhan menara telekomunikasi di seluruh gampong/desa di kota Sabang, lalu di analisis menggunakan autokorelasi spasial Moran’s I dan LISA. Hasil indeks Moran’s I yang diperoleh membuktikan bahwa terdapat autokorelasi negatif pada kondisi eksisting dan autokorelasi positif pada penambahan menara telekomunikasi pada periode 10 tahun dengan pola random. Hasil pengujian LISA pada kondisi eksisting membuktikan bahwa gampong/desa Paya Seunara dan Keunekai memerlukan penambahan menara telekomunikasi dan situasi periode 10 tahun membuktikan bahwa gampong/desa Kuta Timu memiliki autokorelasi yang tinggi karena berada di wilayah yang memiliki estimasi trafik dan pelanggan seluler tinggi.
Pengadaan Tanah dalam Proyek-Proyek Pinjaman Luar Negeri Sektor Infrastruktur
Authors: Kusmalawati Deti
Published: June 2024

Pengadaan tanah masih menjadi salah satu hambatan utama dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia, termasuk proyek pinjaman luar negeri. Proses pengadaan tanah yang berlarut-larut menimbulkan berbagai konsekuensi yang tidak diharapkan seperti munculnya konflik di masyarakat, serta bertambahnya biaya dan waktu pelaksanaan proyek. Akibatnya, masyarakat tidak dapat segera menikmati hasil pembangunan proyek tersebut. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, artikel ini menganalisis sejauh mana pemerintah, terutama executing agency, melakukan mitigasi risiko terkait pengadaan tanah dan bagaimana mengatasi isu tersebut, serta sejauh mana regulasi terkait pengadaan tanah yang berlaku saat ini mampu mengatasi isu-isu pengadaan tanah. Temuan utama kajian ini antara lain masih lemahnya mitigasi risiko dan koordinasi antarinstansi dalam pengadaan tanah, serta kurang efektifnya pelaksanaan monitoring dan evaluasi proyek. Oleh karena itu artikel ini merekomendasikan studi yang lebih komprehensif untuk memitigasi risiko dan mencegah konflik terkait pengadaan lahan, dengan melibatkan masyarakat terdampak, jauh sebelum proses pengadaan tanah dilaksanakan.
Factors influencing faculty job satisfaction: a quantitative study of private medical colleges in Karachi
Authors: Asad Ali Khan  , Shamsul Arfin Qasmi  , Muhammad Abid  , Khushk Imdad Ali
Published: June 2024

Objective: To identify key factors influencing academic job satisfaction among faculty members of private medical colleges in an urban setting.
Method: The cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted from October to November 2021 at the Department of Community Health Sciences, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, and comprised faculty members associated with 13 private medical colleges in Karachi. Data was collected using a 32-item questionnaire that was scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Key predictors of job satisfaction were identified and evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23.
Results: Of the 200 subjects surveyed, 106(52.7%) were males. The overall mean age was 29.4±5.2 years. There were 145(72.5%) respondents who were married, 106(53%) had employed spouses, 102(551%) were either professors or associate professors, and 93(46.5%) had professional experience of 1-5 years. Three principal factors were identified; career growth opportunities, working conditions and compensatory packages (p<0.001). The lowest mean satisfaction score was observed for compensatory packages (1.74±0.84), followed by working conditions (2.28±1.41) and career growth (2.38±1.39).
Conclusion: Improving compensatory packages, working conditions and career growth opportunities were found to be crucial for enhancing job satisfaction among faculty members in Karachi-based private medical colleges.
Key Words: Job satisfaction, Faculty, Private medical colleges, Karachi, Factor analysis.
Good Islamic Boarding School Foundation Management as Risk Mitigation for Organizational Performance Management & GCG
Authors: Saleh Mulyana , Indupurnahayu Indupurnahayu , Beik Irfan Syauqi , Sutisna Sutisna
Published: June 2024

The  fundamentals  of  sound  foundation  management  can  assist
businesses in reducing the risks associated with performance management. Principles like accountability, transparency, responsibility, fairness, and justice are all part of the GCG in practice. Businesses can lower the risk of fraud and data manipulation by putting GCG principles into practice and ensuring that the decision- making process is conducted in an open, responsible, and fair manner.
 
Establishing a code of ethics and strong foundation management standards, as well as boosting the openness of financial reports, are some GCG measures that can aid in reducing the risks associated with organisational performance management. However, organisations must also take into account other elements including effective risk management, the application of ethical standards, and the creation of a strong organisational culture in order to mitigate the risks associated with organisational performance management. Good corporate governance    is    not    the    only    solution    to    this    problem. In actuality, including GCG into a comprehensive risk management plan can assist businesses in improving performance and gaining the confidence of stakeholders. Therefore, in order to enhance performance and reduce risks associated with financial, ethical, and governance difficulties, businesses must pay attention to GCG techniques while mitigating organisational performance management risks.
REGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BY PHYTOSTEROL: ACTIONS AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
Authors: Amarnath Rajak Ajay Kumar , Kumar Anish , Singh Himanshu , Singh Ashutosh
Published: June 2024

Phytosterols (PS), commonly referred to as plant sterols, are naturally occurring chemicals found in plants that resemble cholesterol in structure but have an additional methyl (campesterol) or ethyl (β-sitosterol) group in the side chain. The present review was based on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by phytosterol: actions and mechanism of action. PS have been shown to have endocrine-disrupting properties, and studies on humans, rats, mice, goldfish (Carassius auratus), and Japanese quail have all reported experiencing this effect. Dietary PS has been shown to accumulate in the brain lately. Dietary β-sitosterol has the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and build up permanently in the membranes of brain cells. The stress response, which consists of a complex interplay between elements of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral systems such the endocrine, immunological, and cardiovascular systems, is triggered by exposure to environmental, physical, or physiological stressors. Under stressful circumstances, the HPA axis mediates the physiological maintenance of homeostasis. In conclusion, adult male quails fed PS alone had lower testosterone concentrations in their plasma and pituitary without appreciably changing their levels of LH. Furthermore, LH release from the pituitary gland and testosterone release from the testes were both markedly increased by cGnRH-1 stimulation. In contrast to control animals, quails fed PS had lower amounts of testosterone and LH.
The Need for Democratization of Security in Nigeria
Authors: Ivorgba Emmanuel Ande
Published: June 2024

Nigeria, the most populous nation in the African continent, though rich in culture and resources, has been plagued by various security challenges, including terrorism, ethnic and religious conflicts, armed banditry, kidnapping, and other forms of criminality. Poor governance, economic instability, and the constant incidence of communal conflicts and violent crimes have marred the nation’s reputation both locally and internationally. The inability of the government to effectively address these security threats has led to widespread fear, displacement of communities, loss of lives and livelihoods, and hindered economic growth. The populace does not feel safe and is quite wary of their future. People are becoming increasingly vocal about the lack of security and justice in Nigeria, and their exasperation often takes the form of violence and civil unrest. This state of Nigeria is a serious cause for concern as it is not only detrimental to the country’s development but can also become a potential threat to the region. It is therefore important that the current situation in Nigeria be rectified, and constructive measures need to be taken to ensure the security and well-being of its citizens. This paper seeks to explore the urgent need for the democratization of security in Nigeria to enhance accountability, ensure transparency, and empower communities in the decision-making processes related to security. It will focus on the democratization of security and the rule of law to essentially create an environment where the population feels safe and is free of violence. The paper will propose that in order to improve the security situation in Nigeria, it is imperative that there be a system of security and justice that is accountable to the Nigerian people. This must replace the current situation, which is the maintenance of security and the dispensation of justice as tools for the survival of the regime in power. This has been the case in Nigeria because historically, the instruments of the state have been used to serve the interests of a small ruling elite, rather than protect the welfare of the Nigerian people.
Drug Use/Abuse and its’ Effect on the Academic Performance of Undergraduate Students in Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria.
Authors: Nehemiah Nwokorie Chinedu
Published: June 2024

This study was carried out to examine drug abuse/abuse and academic performance of students in Imo State University Owerri. The study specifically examines the extent drug abuse impact on students reading culture; determine the extent drug abuse impact on student’s failure rate in exams and investigate the extent drug abuse impact on student’s level of concentration in Imo state University. Relevant literatures were reviewed as authoritative backup to the study. We adopted the social cognitive theory as our theoretical framework. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. Questionnaires were used for data collection and was analysed using the frequency counts and percentages. Also interview was used for further insight to the study. The sample sixe for the study is 380 students of Imo State University. From the responses obtained and analysed, the findings revealed that there is a significant impact of drug abuse on students reading culture in Imo state University. The study also revealed that: drug abuse has to a very high extent impacted on students reading culture; drug abuse has to a very high extent impacted on student’s failure rate in exams and drug abuse has to a high extent impacted impact on student’s level of concentration in Imo state University. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended among others that: government should prevent the cultivation/sales of Indian Helm and other deadly herbs that encourage drug abuse; counseling education should be introduced in campuses to save those who have already been engaging in the act; government should strictly enforce its existing laws against drug abuse through its regulatory agencies.
PATRULHA RURAL COMUNITÁRIA: ATUAÇÕES DA POLÍCIA MILITAR DO PARANÁ EM ÁREAS RURAIS E A PERCEPÇÃO DE SEGURANÇA DE AGRICULTORES NA REGIÃO NOROESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Dos Reis Ribeiro Anderson Luis
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo traz em seu desenvolvimento uma pesquisa de campo com informações pertinentes sobre uma unidade da Polícia Militar do Paraná situada no Noroeste do estado, especializada na segurança rural, após sua reestruturação com base na evolução das áreas rurais, foi nomeada como Patrulha Rural Comunitária 4.0. Visando sempre sua melhoria e seu bom desempenho, o Batalhão de Polícia Militar leva em consideração a opinião daqueles a quem eles protegem, garantindo cada vez mais sua segurança e atendimento a todas as áreas de forma especializada de acordo com cada necessidade, visualizando a individualidade e as necessidades de cada cidadão e o meio comunitário onde ele vive.