bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoinhibited transient, gated, and cascaded dynamic transcription of RNAs
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Wang Jianbang , Willner Itamar
Published: August 2022

Following transient spatiotemporal misregulation of gene expression programs by native transcription machineries, we introduce a versatile biomimetic concept to design transient dynamic transcription machineries, revealing gated and cascaded temporal transcription of RNAs. The concept is based on the engineering of the reaction module consisting of malachite green (MG) and/or DFHBI {(5Z)-5-[(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-3,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4
H
-imidazol-4-one} DNA scaffolds, T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) aptamer transcription scaffold, and the inhibited T7 RNAP-aptamer complex. In the presence of the counter RNAP aptamer strand and ribonucleoside triphosphates, the triggered activation of the three transcription scaffolds are activated, leading to the transcription of the MG and/or DFHBI RNA aptamer and to the transcription of the RNAP aptamer acting as an autoinhibitor that leads to the transient temporal, dissipative, and blockage of all transcription. By appropriate design of the transcription scaffolds and the inhibitors/coupler, transient gated and cascaded transcription processes are demonstrated, and a bimodal transcription module synthesizing a transient operating ribozyme is introduced.
The feel of inclusivity
Authors: Patti Kristen M. , Patti Gary J.
Published: August 2022

Collaboration between diverse groups with different perspectives promotes scientific discovery. To enhance these partnerships and facilitate communication, innovative advances in universal design are essential.
Emergence of Compensatory Mutations Reveals the Importance of Electrostatic Interactions between HIV-1 Integrase and Genomic RNA
Authors: Shema Mugisha Christian , Dinh Tung , Kumar Abhishek , Tenneti Kasyap , Eschbach Jenna E. , Davis Keanu , Gifford Robert , Kvaratskhelia Mamuka , Kutluay Sebla B.
Published: August 2022

In addition to its catalytic function, HIV-1 integrase (IN) binds to the viral RNA genome (gRNA) through positively charged residues (i.e., R262, R263, R269, K273) within its C-terminal domain (CTD) and regulates proper virion maturation. Mutation of these residues results in the formation of morphologically aberrant viruses blocked at an early reverse transcription stage in cells.
Complete Genome Sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus MIR, a Methanotroph Capable of Growth on Methanol
Authors: Oshkin Igor Y. , Suleimanov Ruslan Z. , Khmelenina Valentina N. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Pimenov Nikolai V. , Dedysh Svetlana N.
Published: August 2022

Methylococcus capsulatus
MIR is an aerobic methanotroph that was isolated from an activated sludge sample and is capable of growth on methanol. The finished genome of strain MIR is 3.2 Mb in size. It encodes both MxaFI and XoxF methanol dehydrogenases, as well as three different isozymes of formate dehydrogenase.
Breaking of the Axial Symmetry of Terahertz Radiation from Single-Color Filament Plasma
Authors: Rizaev G. E. , Mokrousova D. V. , Pushkarev D. V. , Shipilo D. E. , Nikolaeva I. A. , Panov N. A. , Seleznev L. V. , Kosareva O. G. , Ionin A. A.
Published: August 2022

Two-dimensional distribution patterns of terahertz radiation generated in a laser single-color filament plasma are measured at several frequencies. In the low-frequency region (0.1–0.5 THz), the radiation propagates in a cone with a minimum on the axis. At higher frequencies, the terahertz radiation pattern depends significantly on the laser pulse polarization. In the case of linear polarization, the axial symmetry is broken: terahertz radiation propagates into two maxima located along the axis perpendicular to the laser polarization. In the case of circular polarization, the axial symmetry of the terahertz radiation distribution is restored.
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNCT/SUNA): a narrative review of interventional therapies
Authors: Smit Rupert D , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Kang KiChang , Reyes Maikerly , Sathe Anish , Collopy Sarah , Prashant Giyarpuram , Yuan Hsiangkuo , Evans James J
Published: August 2022

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with autonomic symptoms (SUNA) are disabling primary headache disorders. The advent of advanced imaging technologies and surgical techniques has translated to a growing arsenal of interventional therapies capable of treating headache disorders. This literature review sheds light on the current evidence available for interventional therapies in medically intractable SUNCT/SUNA. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for publications between 1978 and 2022. Inclusion criteria were SUNCT/SUNA studies reporting outcomes following occipital nerve stimulation (ONS), pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) or microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve. A greater than 50% reduction in severity or a greater than 50% reduction in the number of attacks was defined as a successful response. The rate of successful responses for the various treatment modalities were as follows: ONS 33/41 (80.5%), PRF of SPG 5/9 (55.6%), DBS of the ventral tegmental area 14/16 (86.7%), SRS to the SPG and/or trigeminal nerve 7/9 (77.8%) and MVD 56/73 (76.7%). Mean follow-up time in months was 42.5 (ONS), 24.8 (PRF), 25.3 (DBS), 20.8 (SRS) and 42.4 (MVD). A significant proportion of SUNCT/SUNA patients remain refractory to medical therapy (45%–55%). This review discusses existing literature on interventional approaches, including neuromodulation, radiofrequency ablation, gamma knife radiosurgery and MVD. The outcomes are promising, yet limited data exist, underscoring the need for further research to develop a robust surgical management algorithm.
Intrathecal hydromorphone for analgesia after partial hepatectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ding Lin , Chen Dongxu , Chen Yu , Wei Xiongli , Zhang Yabing , Liu Fei , Li Qian
Published: August 2022

Introduction

There is substantial interest in adding intrathecal opioids, such as hydromorphone to the multimodal pain management strategies. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine whether adding intrathecal hydromorphone to a multimodal strategy could safely improve analgesic efficacy for patients undergoing partial hepatectomy.

Methods

A total of 126 adult patients undergoing partial hepatectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive intrathecal hydromorphone (100 μg) or no block. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate to severe pain during movement at 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of moderate to severe pain during rest or movement at different times within 72 hours, pain scores during rest or movement within 72 hours after surgery, analgesic use, adverse events, and indicators of postoperative recovery.

Results

Among the 124 patients analyzed, the intrathecal hydromorphone group showed a lower incidence of moderate to severe pain during movement at 24 hours after surgery (29.0% vs 50%; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92) than the control group. However, the absolute difference in pain scores on a numerical rating scale was less than 1 between the two groups at 24 hours after surgery. Mild pruritus within the first 24 hours after surgery was more frequent in the intrathecal hydromorphone group (19.4% vs 4.8%; p=0.01).

Discussion

Intrathecal hydromorphone 100 μg reduced the incidence of moderate to severe pain and pain scores during movement within 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. However, the difference in pain scores may not be clinically significant, and intrathecal hydromorphone 100 μg did not significantly improve other analgesic or functional outcomes. Further investigation is needed to optimize the intrathecal hydromorphone dose.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2000030652.
Controversies in intrathecal drug delivery for cancer pain
Authors: Brogan Shane E , Sindt Jill E , Odell Daniel W , Gulati Amitabh , Dupoiron Denis
Published: August 2022

Pain and suffering related to cancer are challenging issues that continue to deserve consideration for treatment optimization. Advances in analgesic management and control of the underlying cancer have improved symptom management, yet many patients still suffer from uncontrolled pain. Intrathecal drug delivery has an established role in the management of refractory cancer pain, but there are significant knowledge gaps in our understanding and application of this therapy. This review addresses several areas of controversy, including the importance of intrathecal catheter tip location, the necessity of an intrathecal trial and the role of intrathecal ziconotide and local anesthetics. In each area, the evidence is discussed, with an emphasis on presenting practical clinical guidance and highlighting deficiencies in our knowledge that are worthy of future investigation.
Comparison of moisture susceptibility of Evotherm 3G warm mix asphalt versus hot mix asphalt
Authors: Sanchez Xiomara , Varamini Sina
Published: August 2022

Asphalt stripping is a common form of distress caused by moisture that creates a loss of bond between the aggregate and binder. It is thought that the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology could lead to increased moisture susceptibility if the free moisture present in the aggregates does not evaporate at the lower mixing temperatures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of WMA using Evotherm 3G on laboratory-prepared and plant-prepared mixes. The moisture damage potential was evaluated using the TSR (tensile strength ratio), the static immersion test, moisture-induced stress tester, and Hamburg wheel tracking test. Additionally, plant-prepared mixes were also assessed for TSR and rut depth. The results indicated that WMA provided adequate levels of resistance to moisture damage, reduced swelling, and improved coating. Laboratory mixes showed reduced resistance to rutting, but rut depth of plant mixes was similar to that of hot mix asphalt.
Person Re-Identification Method Based on the Construction of Graph Convolutional Network with Attribute Feature
Authors: Hu Xiuhua , Liang Yingyu , Hui Yan , Wu Xi , Liu Huan , Hu Xuyang
Published: August 2022

To fully pay attention to identity-sensitive feature information and utilize the correlations of inter-attributes and attributes-body parts, this paper proposes a person re-identification (re-ID) method based on the construction of graph convolutional network (GCN) with crucial attribute feature and body parts. First, it establishes the multiscale context-aware network (MSCAN) using dilated convolution with different expansion ratios, which can learn multiscale context information and obtain diversified global features. Subsequently, the human parsing model is utilized to extract the body part features. According to the attribute importance degree, the paper constructs low-dimensional GCN integrating the vital attributes and body parts of person descriptions to obtain discriminative local features. Finally, based on attribute prediction, it reduces the range of the images to be matched with discriminating possible objects from query images, thereby simplifying retrieval process. The experimental results demonstrate that the novel designed method can effectively improve person re-ID performance and achieve competitive evaluation results on typical public testing datasets.
Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm for Rapid Parameter Identification of the Bouc–Wen Model for Self-Centering Shear Walls
Authors: Zhang H. M. , Hu F. , Duan Y. F. , Shi D. W. , Hu G. M.
Published: August 2022

An effective rapid performance evaluation technique for structures is essential for disaster reduction, while it is difficult to realize particularly for complex hysteretic structures. The Bouc–Wen–Baber–Noori model is a versatile smooth hysteretic model that describes the features of stiffness degradation, strength degradation and pinching. However, the identification of these parameters is difficult owing to the lack of an effective identification algorithm for structures with complex hysteretic characteristic. To obtain the hysteretic parameters of the characteristic of self-centering shear walls efficiently, an optimization algorithm called the self-adaptive parallel genetic algorithm (SPGA) was developed based on the cyclical experiment results of seven self-centering shear walls, which are characterized by a very small residual deformation. This study focused on the problems of identification accuracy and efficiency, improving the genetic operators, optimizing the genetic strategies, and concerning about the searching stability, local convergence, and time consumption in high-dimensional and large-scale optimization spaces. The feasibility and superiority of the SPGA were verified by comparing the simulated hysteretic characteristic, lateral forces and stiffness degradation curve with the identification results of the standard genetic algorithm (SGA) and experimental data. A comparison of the convergence, fluctuation, and time consumption between the SPGA and SGA also demonstrates the advantage of the optimized algorithm.
Order two element graph over a group
Authors: Pradhan S. , Kar S. , Biswas B.
Published: August 2022

The order two element graph of a group [Formula: see text] is the simple undirected graph whose vertex set consists of all elements of [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if either [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the identity element of [Formula: see text]. We denote this graph by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we identify those commutative groups [Formula: see text] for which the graph [Formula: see text] is connected. We also characterize the structures of the graph [Formula: see text] for any positive integer [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we consider the symmetric group [Formula: see text], the dihedral group [Formula: see text] for any positive integer [Formula: see text] and for these groups, we look into the structure and other graph-theoretic properties of the corresponding graphs. Finally, we give a list of finite groups of order [Formula: see text] with their corresponding order two element graph structures.
A note on Moore–Penrose inverse of Laplacian matrix of graphs
Authors: Nuñez Luis Carlos Picon , Candezano M. A. C.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this paper is to present a study of the Moore–Penrose inverse [Formula: see text] of the Laplacian matrix of a simple and connected graph, particularly, for some families of graphs such as path, cycle, ladder, fan and wheel graphs. For this purpose, it is used diverse approaches and MP inverse of the Cartesian product of graphs, and are obtained new closed-form formulas of the [Formula: see text] of these families. A comparison of the computational efficiency of the new formulas versus traditional mathematical software is presented, showing the advantage of new formulas.
Thinking globally, composing locally
Authors: Nath Sahajiya
Published: August 2022

With the emergence of online media, as traditional boundaries are breaking in the field of communication and the notion of audience is changing, the necessity of reviewing the modes of writing becomes consequential.
Thinking Globally, Composing Locally
, an edited collection by Rich Rice and Kirk St. Amant, takes a kairotic approach and aims to offer a foundation for addressing the technical issues related to online writing in terms of composition and rhetoric. To address the new audience, the editors believe writers need to rethink their writing contexts, reassess their perception of global communication, and reconsider their writing methods to create content for online media. To practically implement these key issues, this book proposes "3Cs"---
Contacting, Conveying
, and
Connecting.
In an interview with Gustav Verhulsdonck (2018), Kirk St. Amant clarified the 3Cs. According to him,
contact
is a wish to get recognized by the audience that the composed work is worthy of attention,
convey
is the way information flows, and
connect
is the bridge of interaction between author and audience.
Quantum internet
Authors: Burr Joseph , Parakh Abhishek , Subramaniam Mahadevan
Published: August 2022

While quantum computing faces many implementation challenges, practical quantum communication technologies exist today. This means quantum networking services such as quantum key distribution (QKD) can already be utilized. Adoption of quantum technologies into existing infrastructure will likely evolve into fully-fledged quantum networks that grow in tandem with advances in quantum computing. This article describes the unique challenges, evolving stakeholders, and possible architectural components of the coming quantum internet.
The Transparency of Automatic Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools: Design Criteria, State of the Art, and User Perception
Authors: Manca Marco , Palumbo Vanessa , Paternò Fabio , Santoro Carmen
Published: August 2022

Several Web accessibility evaluation tools have been put forward to reduce the burden of identifying accessibility barriers for users, especially those with disabilities. One common issue in using accessibility evaluation tools in practice is that the results provided by different tools are sometimes unclear, and often diverging. Such limitations may confuse the users who may not understand the reasons behind them, and thus hamper the possible adoption of such tools. Hence, there is a need for tools that shed light on their actual functioning, and the success criteria and techniques supported. For this purpose, we must identify what criteria should be adopted in order for such tools to be transparent and to help users better interpret their results. In this paper, we discuss such issues, provide design criteria for obtaining user-centred and transparent accessibility evaluation tools, and analyse how they have been addressed by a representative set of open, license-free, accessibility tools. We also report on the results of a survey with 138 users of such tools, aimed at capturing the perceived usefulness of previously identified transparency requirements. Finally, we performed a user study with 18 users working in the Web design or accessibility fields with the goal of receiving more feedback about the transparency of a selected subset of accessibility tools.
The Role of Victim Advocacy in Criminal Justice Reform in England and Wales
Authors: Rock Paul
Published: August 2022

The victims of volume crime in England and Wales are aided by a major institution, Victim Support, but their voices are rarely heard when policy matters are discussed. Many victims of traumatic crimes are organized and purposeful, but they have not come together into a united front. It is the English and Welsh groups supporting abused women, groups amounting to a social movement, that have made the most visible impression on the politics of criminal justice reform at a time when there were widely publicized killings of women and a bill on domestic violence was passing through Parliament at the end of 2021.
Far-Right and Jihadi Terrorism Within the United States: From September 11th to January 6th
Authors: Dugan Laura , Fisher Daren
Published: August 2022

As tens of thousands swarmed the US Capitol Grounds on January 6th, 2021, to oppose the election of Joe Biden as President, thousands among them assaulted officers and breached the building to stop the certification of the election results, leading to nine deaths and hundreds of injuries. Despite being an act of terrorism and evidence that far-right extremists planned to take over the government, some dismiss January 6th as legitimate political discourse. This divisive response starkly contrasts with the unifying response to the jihadi attacks on September 11th two decades earlier, raising the question as to why the country has not also united against far-right extremism. This review argues that the Bush administration misused deterrence in response to the September 11th attacks. While unifying the country, it also disproportionately punished innocent Muslims and legitimized anti-Muslim ideals, giving rise to anti-Muslim hate crimes and backlash by jihadi extremists and emboldening violence from far-right extremists. This review combines research on deterrence, counterterrorism, anti-Muslim ideals, and far-right organizations with data on terrorism and hate crimes within the United States to delineate this argument and assess its alignment with the empirical progression of violence between September 11th and January 6th.
Evolutionary Ecology of Fire
Authors: Keeley Jon E. , Pausas Juli G.
Published: August 2022

Fire has been an ecosystem process since plants colonized land over 400 million years ago. Many diverse traits provide a fitness benefit following fires, and these adaptive traits vary with the fire regime. Some of these traits enhance fire survival, while others promote recruitment in the postfire environment. Demonstrating that these traits are fire adaptations is challenging, since many arose early in the paleontological record, although increasingly better fossil records and phylogenetic analysis make timing of these trait origins to fire more certain. Resprouting from the base of stems is the most widely distributed fire-adaptive trait, and it is likely to have evolved under a diversity of disturbance types. The origins of other traits like serotiny, thick bark, fire-stimulated germination, and postfire flowering are more tightly linked to fire. Fire-adaptive traits occur in many environments: boreal and temperate forests, Mediterranean-type climate (MTC) shrublands, savannas, and other grasslands. MTC ecosystems are distinct in that many taxa in different regions have lost the resprouting ability and depend solely on postfire recruitment for postfire recovery. This obligate seeding mode is perhaps the most vulnerable fire-adaptive syndrome in the face of current global change, particularly in light of increasing anthropogenic fire frequency.
The Concept of Adaptation
Authors: Orlove Ben
Published: August 2022

Adaptation (i.e., actions that reduce the harms caused by climate change) is widely recognized as one of two pillars of climate action, along with mitigation (i.e., actions that reduce the concentrations of greenhouse gases which cause climate change). Action to date in both pillars is widely recognized as insufficient. This article argues that a major source of this deficiency of adaptation is ambiguity in the concept of adaptation, which hinders planning and implementation of action. The review traces the origins and consequences of this ambiguity and examines three major conceptual obstacles: the unclear relationship between adaptation and mitigation, the tendency to define adaptation by listing distinct types that are not directly comparable and hence difficult to measure, and a persistent separation of short-term and long-term perspectives that limits the ability to build from current action to transformation. The article identifies recent efforts that have addressed these obstacles, although new areas of concern have emerged, particularly maladaptation and Loss and Damage.
The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre
Authors: Timmermans Mary-Louise , Toole John M.
Published: August 2022

The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of the Arctic system, a prominent indicator of climate change, and possibly a control factor for high-latitude climate. The state of knowledge of the wind-driven Beaufort Gyre is reviewed here, including its forcing, relationship to sea-ice cover, source waters, circulation, and energetics. Recent decades have seen pronounced change in all elements of the Beaufort Gyre system. Sea-ice losses have accompanied an intensification of the gyre circulation and increasing heat and freshwater content. Present understanding of these changes is evaluated, and time series of heat and freshwater content are updated to include the most recent observations.
Analysis on the Influence of Western Ecological Aesthetics on Environmental Design of China’s “Beautiful Countryside”
Authors: Li Weiwei
Published: August 2022

At this stage, the promotion of China's agricultural revitalization plan has provided new demands for the development of agricultural construction. In the process of urban and rural planning, more and more attention has been paid to the protection of rural traditional culture and aesthetic values, as well as the requirements of characteristic aesthetics. In recent years, as we pay more and more attention to the environmental protection ability and aesthetic ability of rural life, we also pay more attention to improving the rural environment, promoting rural rejuvenation, and paying attention to shaping the livable space quality of rural living environment to meet the needs of modern life and soul. “Beautiful countryside” is one of the modern development concepts explicitly put forward by China, which advocates the harmonious symbiosis aesthetic idea of “harmony between man and nature.” Building a beautiful countryside is the key point of rejuvenating the countryside, and the exploration of rural aesthetics is also the important significance of realizing the great rejuvenation goal of China's rural areas. Environmental design in the construction of “beautiful countryside” is a major decision and historical task for building a new countryside in China, and building landscape design suitable for the needs of rural development is the current requirement of social development. The article firstly analyzes the challenges and opportunities of China’s “beautiful countryside” environmental construction; secondly, by digging into the philosophical ideas of deep ecology, ecological aesthetics, and the relationship between man and land in the West, it analyzes the application strategies and practical methods of these practical philosophies. It provides corresponding theoretical and practical enlightenment for my country’s “beautiful countryside” environmental design strategy.
Research on Dynamic Programming Game Model for Hydropower Stations
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Wu Yiyang , Ying Qilin
Published: August 2022

In the condition of the electricity market, the benefit is the result of market gaming for hydropower stations with price-making ability. The traditional energy maximization model is not appropriate in this circumstance. To study long-term operation variation in the market, a dynamic programming game model of hydropower stations is proposed to obtain a Nash equilibrium solution in long-term time series. A dynamic programming algorithm iteratively solves the model. The proposed approach is applied to hydropower stations of Longtan, Xiaowan, and Goupitan in a hypothetical pure hydropower market. The results show that the dynamic programming game model clearly outperforms the energy maximization model in terms of hydropower station benefit, and the operation results differences using the game model and optimization model are analyzed. For the studied cascaded reservoirs, the benefit increasing percentages can be 4.1%–8.2% with 0.2%–3.8% energy loss in this hypothetical electricity market, comparing the game model to the energy maximization model.
Effects of Short‐ and Long‐Term Detraining on Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zheng Jie , Pan Tian , Jiang Yankang , Shen Yupeng
Published: August 2022

V̇O2max, a gold standard for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness, can be enhanced by training and will gradually decrease when training stops. This study, which followed the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, is aimed at assessing the effect of short‐ and long‐term detraining on trained individuals’ V̇O2max through a systematic review and meta‐analysis and performed a subgroup analysis to evaluate the effects of different ages, detraining formats, and training statuses on V̇O2max variation between short‐ and long‐term training cessation. Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Scopus, four databases, were searched, from which 21 of 3315 potential studies met the inclusion criteria. Significant decreases in V̇O2max were identified after short‐term training cessation (ES = −0.62 [95% CI ‐0.94; ‐0.31], p < 0.01; within‐group I2 = 35.3%, Egger’s test = −1.22, p = 0.335) and long‐term training cessation (ES = −1.42 [95% CI ‐1.99; ‐0.84], p < 0.01; within‐group I2 = 76.3%, Egger’s test = −3.369, p < 0.01), which shows that the detraining effect was found to be larger on V̇O2max in long‐term training cessation than in short‐term training cessation (Q = 6.5, p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference regarding V̇O2max change between 30‐90 days detraining and larger than 90 days detraining (Q = 0.54, p = 0.46) when conducting subgroup analysis. In addition, younger (<20) individuals showed a greater reduction in V̇O2max after long‐term detraining than adult individuals (Q = 5.9, p = 0.05), and athletes with higher trained‐state V̇O2max showed a significant decline in V̇O2max after long‐term detraining compared with the lower trained‐state group (Q = 4.24, p = 0.03). In conclusion, both short‐ and long‐term training cessation have a detrimental effect on V̇O2max, and a greater impact on V̇O2max was found in long‐term training cessation compared to short‐term training cessation; however, there was no significant change in V̇O2max when the duration of training cessation was more than 30 days. To buffer the detrimental effects of detraining, especially long‐term training cessation, performing some physical exercise during training cessation can effectively weaken detraining effects. Thus, to prevent athlete’s V̇O2max from decreasing dramatically from detraining, athletes should continue performing some physical exercise during the cessation of training.
The Impact of Digital Strategic Orientation on Enterprise Sustainable Performance Against the Background of 2030 Sustainable Performance Goal
Authors: Wang Yurong
Published: August 2022

Under the background of the 2030 sustainable performance goal, in the sustainable performance, strategic orientation has been paid much attention because of its importance and management controllability. Whether the market-oriented strategy of enterprises can affect the legitimacy of enterprises and what kind of complex relationship exists between market orientation, legitimacy of enterprises, and enterprise performance. Therefore, from the perspective of digital theory, this paper makes an empirical test on the above problems by introducing the intermediary variable of enterprise legitimacy, so as to make up for the shortcomings of the existing research. When the time index reaches 50, among the four dimensions of the experiment, the average correlation of digital culture is 1.12, the average correlation of resource integration is 0.58, the average correlation of process optimization is 0.74, and the average correlation of technical capability is 0.64. Among the four dimensions, the proportion of digital culture is the highest, and the CITC value of each measurement item in each dimension is greater than 0.5, so the deletion of each item cannot be increased. If the enterprises under digitalization can meet the social expectations and cognition of all stakeholders in the strategic-oriented sustainable performance system, they will be recognized and accepted by them, thus gaining higher legitimacy.
HDAC8 Promotes Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer via Inhibition of IRF1 and Upregulation of SUCNR1
Authors: Chen Jierong , Cao Lixue , Ma Jianhong , Yue Caifeng , Zhu Dandan , An Ran , Wang Xiaoxiao , Guo Yunmiao , Gu Bing
Published: August 2022

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are well-characterized for their involvement in tumor progression. Herein, the current study set out to unravel the association of HDAC8 with colorectal cancer (CRC). Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to retrieve the expression patterns of HDAC8 in CRC and the underlying mechanism. Following expression determination, the specific roles of HDAC8, IRF1, and SUCNR1 in CRC cell functions were analyzed following different interventions. Additionally, tumor formation and liver metastasis in nude mice were operated to verify the fore experiment. Bioinformatics analyses predicted the involvement of the HDAC8/IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in CRC. In vitro cell experiments showed that HDAC8 induced the CRC cell growth by reducing IRF1 expression. Meanwhile, IRF1 limited SUCNR1 expression by binding to its promoter. SUCNR1 triggered the growth and metastasis of CRC by inhibiting cell autophagy. HDAC8 blocked IRF1-mediated SUCNR1 inhibition and thereby inhibited autophagy, accelerating CRC cell growth. Lastly, HDAC8 facilitated the development of CRC and liver metastasis by regulating the IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in vivo. Taken together, our findings highlighted the critical role for the HDAC8/IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in the regulation of autophagy and the resultant liver metastasis in CRC.
Influence of SiC/TiB2 Particles Addition on Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast Zn-Al-Cu Alloy Hybrid Composites
Authors: Chebolu Rohinikumar , Nallu Ramanaiah , Chanamala Ratnam , Sharma Surender Kumar , Rudrapati Ramesh
Published: August 2022

In this work, the silicon carbide (SiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) reinforced as-cast Zn-Al-Cu alloy-based hybrid composites were produced with ultrasonic-assisted stir casting. The corrosion behavior of as-cast Zn-Al-Cu/TiB2/SiC hybrid composites with varying 0, 5, 10, and 15 weight percent of SiC + TiB2 particulates in Zn-Al-Cu matrix alloy was investigated in this study, The effect of additional reinforcements content on the corrosion behavior of hybrid composites with respect to Zn-Al-Cu alloy was investigated. The corrosion rate of hybrid composites was taken by using potentiodynamic polarization equipment (with 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution). The potentiodynamic polarization test findings showed that the hybrid composites’ uniform and localized corrosion resistances were enhanced by the addition of dual reinforcements. As the weight fraction of the SiC/TiB2 reinforcement increases, weak microgalvanic cells that form between the constituent phases of the fabricated as-cast Zn-Al-Cu hybrid composites weaken, improving their resistance to uniform and localized corrosion. The results revealed that the corrosion rate values were reduced to 28.88% at 15% of reinforcement when compared to the base alloy.
Vibration Response of Timoshenko Beam-Foundation Interaction Model under Accelerated Moving Load
Authors: Ghannadiasl Amin , Rezaei Dolagh Hassan
Published: August 2022

Simulation of an infinite Timoshenko beam subjected to accelerated moving load rested on the finite depth is assessed in this study. Then, the dynamic response of the infinite beam is illustrated on the various theoretical models, including the Winkler, Pasternak, and visco-elastic foundations. Furthermore, the effects of various damping, such as foundation damping, beam damping, and hysteretic damping (damping between soil grains), are also studied on the dynamic behavior of the beam. It has been worked out that the type of basement and its depth have a remarkable effect on the dynamic behavior. In addition, the load velocity will also cause a maximum displacement in the beam as the critical velocity approaches. The deflection of the beam on the basements increases when the velocity approaches the critical one, and the maximum displacement of the beam occurs under the load. Finally, it was seen that the presented diagrams for all three types of Winkler’s, Pasternak’s, and visco-elastic foundations follow the usual properties related to the critical velocity.
Clinicopathological Features and Postoperative Survival Analysis of Gastric Carcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Authors: Liu Jin , Pan Xiaohua , Sun Yan , Dong Tingting , Hu Xiao , Zhong Huijuan , Lu Jianwei
Published: August 2022

Objectives. This study aims at investigating the differences of clinicopathological features and postoperative prognosis in three different types of neuroendocrine differentiation-related gastric cancers. Methods. From January 1, 2015 to September 30, 2016, 47 patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine differentiation-related gastric cancers were collected from 1095 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Patients were followed up regularly, and the last follow-up time was October 25, 2021. A total of 38 cases met the inclusion criteria and completed follow-up. The clinicopathological characters and immunohistochemical results of these three special pathological types of gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach) patients were compared. Tissues from these patients were tested with immunohistochemical markers synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), and Ki-67. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze the effect of different histological types of gastric cancer on overall survival (OS). The differences in positive rates of chromogranin A (CgA) and Ki-67 were analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis as independent risk factors that may affect the survival of gastric cancer patients. Results. Ki-67 and N staging were significantly correlated with OS in gastric cancer patients and were independent prognostic factors affecting the survival of gastric cancer patients. There was no statistical difference in OS between the two histopathological types (adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma) of gastric cancer patients. There were no significant differences in the positive rates of immunohistochemical markers Syn, CgA, and Ki-67 in gastric cancer patients with different histological types. Conclusion. The combined detection of Syn and CgA is of great value for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine differentiation-related gastric cancers, Ki-67 is of significance for the prognosis prediction of neuroendocrine differentiation-related gastric cancers, regional lymph node metastasis has a great impact on tumor prognosis, and the N staging determines the necessity of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with neuroendocrine differentiation-related gastric cancer.
Interactive Product Design System Based on Intelligent Space Decomposition Technology and Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Dong Shenghuan , Wang Lijie , Li Yunpeng , Jian Yingbin
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the effect of interactive product design, this paper combines intelligent space decomposition technology and Internet of Things technology to construct an interactive product design system. Moreover, this paper applies the interactive signal transmission technology to the interactive product design to improve the real-time information transmission quality of the interactive product. In addition, this paper selects the appropriate filter as the hardware foundation of the system, proposes the overall concept of digital constant ratio timing, and provides sufficient theoretical support for the analog-digital mixing and digital processing links involved in the system. Finally, this paper constructs a system model and combines the experimental research to verify that the interactive product design system based on the intelligent space decomposition technology and the Internet of Things technology can effectively improve the product design effect.
miR-657 Targets SRCIN1 via the Slug Pathway to Promote NSCLC Tumor Growth and EMT Induction
Authors: Zhang Yingqian , Yuan Jiao , Guo Mengfei , Xiang Run , Wang Xiang , Xie Tianpeng , Zhuang Xiang , Li Qiang , Lai Qi
Published: August 2022

Background. MicroRNA- (miR-) 657 has been shown to regulate immunological and inflammatory activity, and it has also been defined to be dysregulated in both non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanistic role whereby miR-657 influences NSCLC progression, however, has yet to be clarified. Methods. miR-657 and SRCIN1 expression levels were assessed via qPCR in the cell lines and tissues of NSCLC. Besides, correlations between the levels of miR-657 and NSCLC patient pathological characteristics were examined, and the Kaplan-Meier approach was employed for the evaluation of the prognostic utility of miR-657 in these patients. Moreover, the Pearson correlation analyses and dual-luciferase reporter assessments were used for detecting interactive relationships between miR-657 and SRCIN1. In addition, CCK-8, EdU, and Transwell assessments were employed for the appraisal of the ability of miR-657/SRCIN1 to regulate NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion. Western blotting was employed for the assessment of the levels of NSCLC cell proteins associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that were influenced by miR-657. The nude mice xenograft tumor model is established to observe the effect of miR-657 on NSCLC growth in vivo. Results. NSCLC patient tissues and cell lines exhibited upregulated miR-657 expression that was closely related to tumor differentiation, lymphoid metastasis, and TNM stage. High levels of miR-657 were predictive of a poorer NSCLC patient prognosis, and overexpressing miR-657 resulted in the more rapid growth of NCI-H1650 and A549 cells, with a concomitant increase in their invasion. In addition, miR-657 overexpression raised the levels of Slug, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in these two cell lines while promoting E-cadherin downregulation. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-657 was capable of binding to the SRCIN1 gene, and SRCIN1 expression levels were negatively associated with those of miR-657, indicating that it acts as a negative regulator of this gene. Knocking down SRCIN1 was capable to reverse the influences of miR-657 inhibitor treatment on NSCLC cell behavior. Finally, in vivo studies showed that miR-657 promoted NSCLC cell growth. Conclusion. The obtained findings illuminate that miR-657 can promote the growth of tumors and the induction of the EMT in NSCLC cells by targeting SRCIN1 expression and modulating Slug pathway activation, highlighting this pathway as a promising therapeutic target in cases suffering from NSCLC.
TAK‐242 Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating the Liver‐Gut Axis
Authors: Liu Sujie , Wu Juan , Chen Pingping , Mohammed Shadi A. D. , Zhang Jingbo , Liu Shumin
Published: August 2022

Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of TAK‐242 on the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear transcription factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signal transduction pathway in rats with hepatic fibrosis (HF) using the liver gut axis and to investigate the molecular mechanism of its intervention on HF. Methods. SPF grade SD male rats were randomly allocated to the control, model, and TAK‐242 groups. For 8 weeks, the model and TAK‐242 groups received 3 mL·kg-1 (the initial dose 5 mL·kg-1) intraperitoneal injections of 40% CCL4 olive oil solution. TAK‐242 (5 mg·kg-1) was administered once a day for 5 days after modeling. The pathological alterations of liver and small intestine tissues in each group were observed using H&E and Masson staining. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total bilirubin (TBIL), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). RT‐qPCR was utilized to identify the mRNA expression level of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB in rat liver and small intestine tissues. The protein level of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB protein in rat liver and small intestine tissues was determined utilizing Western blot and IHC. Results. TAK‐242 significantly reduced AST, ALT, TBIL, and DBIL expression in HF rats’ serum (P < 0.01) and alleviated liver tissue injury. Hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) and Masson staining revealed inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous proliferation in the liver and small intestine tissue in the model group and partial cell swelling in the TAK‐242 group, which indicated a considerable improvement compared to the model group. RT‐qPCR, Western blot, and IHC data indicated that TAK‐242 reduced the IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB expression in the liver and small intestine tissues of HF rats. Conclusion. TAK‐242 might downregulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB signal pathway through the liver‐gut axis, suppress the inflammatory response, and eventually alleviate HF in rats.
HIF‐1α Ameliorates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain via Parkin‐Mediated Mitophagy in a Mouse Model
Authors: He Jian , Qin Zaisheng , Chen Xin , He Wanyou , Li Donglin , Zhang Lei , Le Yue , Xiong Qingming , Zhang Bin , Wang Hanbing
Published: August 2022

Mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be regulated by mitophagy, plays a central role in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Mitophagy that was involved in nerve damage‐induced neuropathic pain has been reported. Hyperglycemia and cellular hypoxic were the two main characters of diabetes. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α subunit (HIF‐1α) plays a vital role in mitochondrial homeostasis under hypoxia. However, it remains unclear whether mitophagy was changed and could be regulated by HIF‐1α in DNP. In this study, the results showed that mitophagy was activated and HIF‐1α was upregulated in the spinal cord of diabetic mice. HIF‐1α agonist dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) could further elevate HIF‐1α and Parkin protein, enhance mitophagy, decrease mitochondrial dysfunction, and hyperalgesia. Furthermore, Park2 (encoding Parkin) knockout aggravated hyperalgesia and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Furthermore, mitophagy could not be activated and induced by HIF‐1α agonist DMOG in Park2-/- diabetic mice. In this study, we first demonstrated that HIF‐1α could upregulate mitophagy in the spinal cord of mice with DNP through modulating the Parkin signaling pathway, promoting new insights into the mechanisms and research of treatment strategies for patients with DNP.
Combination of White Blood Cell Count to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio and Neutrophil-to-Platelet Ratio Predicts Long-Term Adverse Events in Patients with MINOCA
Authors: Mohammed Ayman A. , Liu Lu , Mareai Redhwan M. , Mohammed Abdul-Quddus , Yin Guoqing , Singh Shekhar , Xu Yawei , Abdu Fuad A. , Che Wenliang
Published: August 2022

Background. White blood cell count to mean platelet volume ratio (WMR) and neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR) have been demonstrated as prognostic inflammatory biomarkers of the acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of WMR and NPR among myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) patients. Method. A total of 274 MINOCA patients were enrolled. Baseline clinical data, blood cell panel, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The patients were classified according to the medians of WMR and NPR. The primary endpoint of the present study was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to assess the effect of independent variables of WMR and NPR on the dependent variable (MACE). Result. The median values of WMR and NPR were 701 and 0.03, respectively. During the median follow-up of 28 months, a total of 58 incidences of MACE occurred. The MACE rate was more frequent in high WMR and high NPR patients. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the incidence of MACE was higher in WMR>701 and NPR>0.03 (long-rank

P
=
0.004

and

P
=
0.002

, respectively). The combined high WMR and high NPR showed a significantly higher rate of MACE (long-rank

P
=
0.001

). Cox regression analysis showed that the combined high WMR and high NPR were independent predictors of long-term MACE with the highest hazard ratio (HR, 2.511; 95% CI, 1.271 to 4.960;

P
=
0.008

). Conclusion. High WMR and NPR separately or in combination were correlated with increased risk of MACE among MINOCA patients, suggesting WMR and NPR may assist as a reliable inflammatory marker in risk prediction of MINOCA patients.