bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Penyulingan Serai Wangi dan Pembuatan Produk Turunan Menjadi Handsanitiser dan Sabun Cuci Tangan Kelompok Tani Desa Teluk Pambang, Bengkalis
Authors: Gafur Abdul , Sriwahyuni Endang
Published: December 2021

Dampak pandemi COVID-19 sangat memprihatinkan masyarakat baik dari segi pendapatan maupun dari segi kegiatan aktivitas sehari-hari. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah mewabahnya COVID-19 adalah dengan mengikuti protokol kesehatan yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah, diantaranya menggunakan masker, hansanitiser, dan cuci tangan menggunakan sabun. Kelompok petani serai wangi berinisiatif untuk mengolah serai wangi hasil perkebunannya menjadi produk hansanitiser dan sabun cuci tangan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi kelompok petani serai wangi adalah minimnya pengetahuan tentang teknologi dan pengolahan minyak serai wangi, selain itu mahalnya harga alat destilasi yang bisa menghasilkan randemen minyak atsiri yang bagus. Oleh karena itu, solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi para petani serai wangi adalah dengan merancang dan membuat suatu teknologi mesin destilasi serai wangi dan produk turunannya untuk nantinya dijadikan sebagai media untuk pembuatan handsanitaiser dan sabun cuci tangan sebagai bentuk partisipasi dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19 di Desa Teluk Pambang. Pelatihan yang diberikan berupa penggunaan alat destilasi serai wangi yang telah dihibahkan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan peltihan pembuatan handsanitiser dan sabun cuci tangan dengan bahan baku hasil destilasi serai wangi. Hasil pengabdian ini memperlihatkan semangat para petani danmasyarakat untuk membudidayakan serai wangi lebih banyak lagi, kelompok dan masyarakat bisa menggunakan alat destilasi dengan baik dan bisa juga mengolah produk turunan serai wangi menjadi handsanitiser dan sabun cuci tangan serta produk turunan lainnya.
HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY REPORT CARD APPLICATIONS: AN INITIAL EXAMINATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ VIEWS
Authors: PARSAK Burhan , SARAÇ Leyla
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to reveal whether physical education teachers' views on health-related Physical Activity Report Card Applications differ according to gender and teaching experience variables. The participants were 33 female and 58 male teachers. The mean age of teachers was 36.96 (SD= 5.75), and the mean teaching experience was 10.74 (SD= 5.64). The Physical Activity Report Card Applications Assessment Scale [PARCAAS] was used to gather data. The results of the study revealed that the scores obtained from the sub-dimensions of “Enforcement”, “Competence” and “Support” differed significantly between gender of teachers. It was also revealed that the scores obtained by female and male teachers in the sub-dimensions of "Applicability", "Impact" and "Difficulties" were similar. No significant differences were found in teaching experience on the scores obtained from the sub-dimensions of PARCAAS. Also, significant differences in “Enforcement”, “Competence” and “Support” subdimensions were found; but no difference was found in “Applicability”, “Impact”, and “Difficulties” subdimensions between female and male physical education teachers. Both male and female physical education teachers had similar views on the "Applicability", "Impact," and "Difficulties" sub-dimensions of the PARCAAS, and it was concluded that they had difficulties during the report card application. Still, they thought that PARCAAS was applicable and practical. It was supposed that physical education teachers with teaching experience of 10 years or less and 11 years and above had difficulties applying for the report card, considered themselves moderately competent, received sufficient support, and thought that report card applications were applicable and practical.
Trace level determination of various types of analyte using selective chemosensor: a general survey
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia – 723104, West Bengal, India, Mandal Debdas , Haldar Anwesha , Acharjee Suman
Published: December 2021

Trace level determination of analyte is an extremely important phenomenon and highly relevant area of environmental science, biology, medicine and pharmacology. In this review we have described different type of chemosensor that have been used so far for trace level determination of different types of analyte. Applications of chemo sensor in the arsenic determination have been discussed here. Determination of amino acid by fluorescence spectroscopy has been depicted. Detection of poisonous organic analytes by chemosensor have been made. Some chemosensors have been found to be effective to the determination of selective cations. Various techniques used for determination of analyte by using chemo sensor as well as probable sensing mechanism have been explained here.
Attitudes of Residents Towards Tourism: An Insight into West Bengal’s Coastal Tourism Sites, India
Authors:   Govt. Model School, Basanti, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, Saha Jayanta , Paul Suman ,   Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the residents’ attitude toward the impacts of tourism development on physical, economic and social environment at Mandarmani and Tajpur tourism destinations of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. This study also ties to find out the residents’ support for tourism development. The study is completely based on primary survey and data have been collected from total 648 respondents of the total 24 surrounding villages (358 from Mandarmani and 290 from Tajpur) including the tourism destination villages during October 2018 to January, 2019. Perceptions of respondents were taken on different environmental, economic, social and cultural impact variables to measure their attitudes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique and Cronbach’s Alpha index were applied to validate the data reliability. Residents of both destinations were strongly agreed that eco system and bio-diversity of both destinations were affected due to tourism development. The residents of both tourism destinations not primarily depend on tourism and related activities. According to their perceptions, the benefits of the tourism development have concentrated to the groups and companies who established the hotels and resorts, and only few groups of local people gain the economic benefits of tourism. The tourism has introduced a number of economic opportunities to the residents such as employment opportunities in both direct and indirect ways, growth of markets, renting houses etc. Residents expressed positive view point that these destinations receive a cultural identity and provide opportunities for cultural exchange. The residents of these destinations have been categorised as ‘In-betweeners’ and their responses remain in ‘tolerance level’. Following the Doxey’s Irridex model, these destinations were in the stage of apathy when there is a steadily increasing visits and some residents start to take commercial advantages of the newly tourism development.
Stability of a fractional order harvested prey–predator model in the existence of infection in prey
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal 723104, India, Das Subhashis , Mahato Sanat , Mahato Prasenjit
Published: December 2021

The growing relationship between prey and their predator is one of the important aspects in the field of ecology and mathematical biology. On the other hand, the utility of fractional calculus in different types of mathematical modelling have been applied extensively. In this paper, a fractional order prey–predator model is developed with the consideration of Holling type-I and Holling type-II functional response of the predator. As infection spreads through prey, the prey population is divided into two parts. In addition, we exploit the effect of harvesting to control the excessive spread of the infection. The existence and uniqueness criteria, the boundedness of the solution of the proposed model are investigated. A number of five possible equilibrium points of the proposed model are determined along with the feasibility conditions for each equilibrium points. The local stability at these equilibrium points and global stability at interior equilibrium point are investigated. Numerical simulation is presented with the help of modified Predictor-corrector method in MATLAB software to understand the dynamics of the proposed model.
The Enemy Within: Influence of Cancer Stem Cells in Neoplastic Progression, Metastasis, Immune Evasion and Resistance to Therapy
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, India, Mahanti Krishna , Bhattacharyya Sankar
Published: December 2021

Cancer stem cells are the prime malefactors of tumours, which create all the havoc in patients. Cancer originates with enormous heterogeneity and exists in a massively complex environment. In that complex environment, Tumour makes its way to success using all forms of capabilities to cope and defeat the defence system of the body as well as clinical approaches. Cancer stem cells act as the Trojan horse in this bodily war. For last one decade researchers are trying to generate a clear map about Cancer stem cell niche generation, regulation of quiescence and therapeutic response. In this study, we have reviewed the advances on different stem cell models, isolation strategies, characteristics, contribution towards cancer development and therapeutic targeting using a combination of chemotherapeutic agents with nanoparticles.
Level of Knowledge of Agricultural Science Graduate Students about Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Practices of Agriculture
Authors: Gazzaz Nabeel Mohammad , Al-Masad Motasem M.
Published: December 2021

Climate change (CC) is a global environmental problem and source of concern. Effective planning and implementation of CC mitigation and adaptation may arise from knowledge of its causes and effects. Therefore, dissemination of knowledge is highly important for ensuring that the knowledge grows and spreads amongst the various stakeholders and that it is turned into action. The students of today are the leaders and policy makers of tomorrow. They will effectively serve as change agents once their knowledge base has been well established. This study provides analysis of graduate students' level of knowledge of CC, its nature, causes, effects, mitigation, and adaptation. The study population was 57 agricultural science master's students in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Jarash University, Jordan, and the sample consisted of 50 of those students. The study used online test as the knowledge assessment and data collection tool. Frequency distribution analysis uncovered that the sample students possess high level of general knowledge of CC, moderate level of knowledge of mitigation of CC, and high level of knowledge of adaptation to CC. As to the three investigated facets of general knowledge of CC, these students have high levels of knowledge of the nature and the effects of CC and moderate level of knowledge of its causes. These findings contribute to understanding of students' knowledge achievements and gaps and of the need for curricular reform in terms of structure and content that can be shared by agricultural science faculties around the World with similar CC graduate programs.
KAN VERMEYE ELVERİŞLİ DONÖRLERİN MAKİNE ÖĞRENME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE TESPİTİ
Authors: KARADAĞ Kerim
Published: December 2021

İnsanlar hayatları boyunca farklı zamanlarda çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı kan ve kan ürünlerine gerek duymaktadırlar. Kan ve kandan elde edilen ürünler laboratuvar koşullarında elde edilemeyip yalnızca insandan elde edildiğinden, hayati önem taşıyan kanın sağlıklı bireylerden sağlanması gerekmektedir. Karaciğer rahatsızlıkları ile ilgili, Hepatit çeşitleri, karaciğer kanseri, karaciğer büyümesi, karaciğer yetmezliği, siroz ve benzeri hastalıklar kanın durumunu belirleyen etmenlerin başında gelir. Bu hastalıklar ilerledikçe telafisi mümkün olmayan zararlara yol açabileceği için erken teşhis edilip tedavi edilmesi ve kan verilecek kişilere de bulaş riskini ortadan kaldırmak için hayati önem arz etmektedir. Son yıllarda birçok alanda kullanılan makine destekli öğrenme yöntemleri, bu alanda da geleneksel yöntemlere ilaveten hekimlere fikir verici olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç, makine öğrenme yöntemleri ile karaciğer hastalıklarının tespiti ve donörlerin kan bağışı yapmaya elverişli olup olmadıklarını kan değerlerinden tespit etmektir. Sınıflandırma için, Karar Ağaçları, Destek Vektör Makinesi ve k-en yakın komşuluk algoritmaları kullanılıp doğruluk ve gerçek oran performans ölçütleri ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Evde Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Teknoloji Kullanımı
Authors: DOĞAN MERİH Yeliz , ERTÜRK Nazlı , YEMENİCİ Merve , SATMAN İlhan
Published: December 2021

Evde sağlık hizmetleri, yatağa bağımlı hastalar, çeşitli kronik hastalıklar ya da ameliyat sonrası ihtiyaçları nedeniyle sağlık kuruluşuna ulaşımda zorluklar yaşayan hastalara ev ortamında muayene, tetkik, tedavi ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin profesyonel bir sağlık ekibi tarafından verilmesidir. Bilimsel ve teknolojik atılımlar, sosyal hakların gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşması, uzun süreli kurumsal bakım hizmetlerindeki yetersizlikler ve sağlık hizmetleri harcamalarında artan maliyetler evde sağlık hizmetlerini gündeme taşıyan faktörler arasında yer almaktadır.

Son yıllarda teknolojide gelişmeler, tanı ve tedavi hizmetlerinin sunum şekline ve kalitesine etkileriyle evde sağlık hizmetlerinde önemli gelişmelere sebep olmuştur. Medikal cihazlar arasındaki iletişim, yapay zekâ uygulamaları, karar destek sistemleri, tele-sağlık, giyilebilir teknolojiler, güvenli ev teknolojileri, bakım robotları, büyük veri, nesnelerin interneti, sanal gerçeklik evde sağlık hizmetlerinin inovatif yaklaşımları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu yenilikçi yaklaşımlar sayesinde, kaynakların çok kısıtlı olduğu evde sağlık hizmetlerinde; ileri teknolojiler kullanılarak erişilebilir çözümlerin üretilmesi, hasta ve çalışan memnuniyetinin artırılması, bakım kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi ve maliyetlerin düşürülmesi sağlanabilir.

Bu derlemede evde sağlık hizmetlerinde teknoloji kullanımının önemini vurgulamayı ve bu hizmetlerde kullanılan teknolojilerden bazı örnekler vermeyi amaçladık.
Análise Espacial do Desenvolvimento Rural da Mesorregião Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lisbinski Fernanda Cigainski , Torres Ronaldo , Bobato Angel Maitê , Bezerra Évilly Carine Dias , Freitas Clailton  Ataídes de
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em criar um Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural Municipal (IDRM) e verificar a distribuição espacial desse índice na mesorregião Noroeste Rio-Grandense. Para isso, utiliza-se a análise fatorial visando à identificação dos fatores comuns associados ao grau de desenvolvimento rural nos 216 municípios que compõem a mesorregião estudada, bem como a análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE). Como principais resultados, observou-se que o município de Palmeira das Missões possui o maior IDRM, enquanto São José do Herval possui o menor IDRM. Além disso, é possível observar que os municípios que pertencem à microrregião de Frederico Westphalen são os que apresentam os menores índices, enquanto os municípios situados na região centro-sul são os que possuem os índices mais elevados.
SARS COV-2 (COVİD-19) YÖNETİMİNDE ÇİNKO, BAKIR, SELENYUM VE MAGNEZYUMUN ETKİNLİĞİ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: Muslu Mücahit
Published: December 2021

Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu Koronavirüs 2 enfeksiyonu (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19) Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Pandemi halini alarak birçok ölüme neden olmuştur. Enfekte insandan, insana damlacık yolu ile ağız, burun ve göz mukozasında bulaşabilmektedir. Öksürük, ateş, halsizlik gibi kişiye göre değişen birçok belirti bulunmaktadır. Selenyum, çinko, bakır ve magnezyumun özellikle antioksidan ve antiviral etkilerinin COVID-19sürecinde mücadelede etkili olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bu minerallerin serum düzeylerinin düşük olması hastalığa yakalanma ve hastalık belirtilerinin şiddetlenmesi ile ilişkili olduğu belirtilmiştir. COVID-19tedavi sürecinde hastaneye yatan hastaların serum minerallerinin incelenmesi ve varsa eksikliklerin giderilmesi önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede selenyum, çinko, bakır ve magnezyumun COVID-19ile ilgili etkileri güncel bilgilerle incelenmiştir.
Educational Needs and Training for Women Empowerment in India
Authors: Ahmed Mukhtar , Zameer Mohd , Verman Sunil Kumar , Godiyal Sunita
Published: December 2021

Women in India have faced a lot of problems and issues for their rights. Therefore, the present paper aims to examine the role of education for women empowerment in India and study the government schemes for women empowerment in India. The present study is based on the descriptive type of research. For this study, the researcher used secondary data. The study found that women empowerment is an energetic and dynamic process that facilitates them to realize their identity and power in all characteristics. Due to the lack of educational facilities and training, Indian women left their education in the middle. That is why Indian women are far away from their rights. Most of the Indian women are housewives, but in the present time, it has been improved in many areas; most of the vocational courses and training programs have been introduced by the Indian government.
Study on Phonologycal Process: A Case on Indonesian EFL Students' Pronunciations
Authors: Mohamad Hayria , Hanafi Hanisah , Dako Rahman Taufiqrianto
Published: December 2021

The present article seeks to discuss the phonological process concerning the alterations in English sounds produced by Indonesian EFL students. This study drew on generative phonology and utilized Schane’s (1973) categories of the phonological process to highlight the changes in English sounds. This study applied a qualitative method with a descriptive research design. All data of this study were gathered through digitally recording eight EFL students’ oral presentations in the research proposal seminars. According to the results of this study, the transformations in the English sounds arose in both the consonant and vowel sounds of the English, where these changes attributed to the four categories of phonological process, including assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, and insertion. The present study also found the occurrences of a double and triple different phonological process in single word utterance produced by participants of this study. This study signified that such changes in English sounds occurred owing to the mother tongue influence. The results of this study offer a significant contribution to the insights into both linguistics and EFL instruction.
Inconsistencies and Adjustments in Language Policy: Evidence from the Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Ben-Said Selim
Published: December 2021

Taking effect immediately following Tunisia’s independence, Arabization has achieved mixed results with Arabic institutionally empowered but still competing with French. In fact, when examining the linguistic landscape, this monolingual policy is flouted both in terms of the bilingual Arabic-French Street signage but also challenged by people’s preferences. This paper examines inconsistencies between Arabic as the ‘language of the state’ (government-decreed), and the omnipresence of other ‘languages in the state’ (observed in representation and practice) in Tunisia. Street signage artefacts and attitudinal data also illustrate how language policies are responded to and experienced by Tunisians. Data consists of different types of private inscriptions and public signs, governmental decrees, as well as attitudinal surveys and interviews. The juxtaposition of urban signs with the official policy on multilingualism provides an illustrative account of the complexities of the linguistic situation in Tunisia, which blends top-down advocacies of Arabization, ambivalent attitudes to Arabic-French Bilingualism, as well as a growing interest in English as the emergent language of globalization.
An Analysis of Lexical Collocation Errors in Students’ Writing
Authors: Harta I Gede Widi , Bay Indri Wirahmi , Ali Sri Widyarti
Published: December 2021

Mastering lexical collocation uses in learning English as a foreign language is absolutely essential to develop students’ communicative skills and linguistic abilities. Most students, however, have problems with putting words together in a characteristic of “natural” English native speaker-like manner during writing. Students tend to use strange lexical collocation expressions therefore students’ language production does not sound natural and carries imprecise meaning. With regard to this underlying issue, the main emphasis of the current study was lying on the investigation of the types and the causes of lexical collocation error committed by EFL students in their argumentative writing. Through a qualitative research approach applying a descriptive-analytic method, sixteen university students were chosen purposively. The data were collected from two principal sources i.e., students’ writing samples and semi-structured interviews. In terms of data analysis technique, this study employed an error analysis technique developed by Ellis (1994) to analyze the obtained lexical collocation errors and applied a content analysis technique provided by Kumar (2011) to analyze the interview results. The study revealed 54 erroneousness of lexical collocation production consisting of verb + noun/pronoun (PP), adjective + noun, adverb + adjective, noun + noun, and verb + adverb combination. These errors were caused by a lack of collocation competence, native language influence, the use of synonym, overgeneralization, and approximation.
Investigation of Teacher Support and Teacher Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tools and Skills Moving the Classroom Forward
Authors: Suksawas Wannaprapha , Yiemkuntitavorn Sita
Published: December 2021

Teaching remotely from home is now compulsory for lecturers as schools across the globe have closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A marriage of technology and teacher training is required to help educators deliver lessons effectively online. This research aimed to 1) investigate the type of technological support teachers need to teach online during and after the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) identify the type of teacher training needed during and after the pandemic; and 3) assess teachers’ satisfaction towards their training in relation to their needs. This study utilized a mixed methods research design and included a sample of 59 teachers studying for a Master’s degree in Curriculum and Instruction, majoring in English language at an open university in Thailand. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to compute means and standard deviations. In addition, qualitative data derived from a questionnaire were analyzed using typological analysis. The research findings showed: 1) the “fundamental technologies” teachers need for online teaching include computers or other computing devices, a reliable and stable-as-possible internet connection, a microphone, and a headset and camera; and 2) the task of implementing engaging lessons online and supporting students to use ICTs for projects or class work placed particular training demands on teachers. Specifically, they required: (1) training to build knowledge of the basic functions for undertaking virtual teaching and learning; (2) access to meaningful and relevant content to create lessons for students, and (3) online worksheets and projects for students. 

 
Ethnobotanical Study on Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in China
Authors: Lin Fengke , Luo Binsheng , Cheng Zhuo , Li Ping , Long Chunlin
Published: December 2021

The genus
Garcinia
L. (Clusiaceae) is gaining increasing scientific attention worldwide owing to its ethnobotanical and pharmacological significance. In China, even though
Garcinia
plants have long been used for food, ethnomedicine, building materials, and other purposes, a comprehensive ethnobotanical study of the genus is notably limited. In the current study, the ethnobotanical importance of
Garcinia
plants has been extensively investigated through field surveys and literature reviews. Our studies revealed that
Garcinia
plants have been used in folk medicine since ancient times in China, including the Northern Song Dynasty, 960–1127 AD. Through their extensive interactions with genus, the Chinese people have gained various traditional knowledge, which is reflected in the following six aspects: food, traditional medicines, ornamental trees, construction and technology, cultural and spiritual significance, and miscellaneous uses. In particular, the four species:
Garcinia hanburyi
,
G. paucinervis
,
G. xanthochymus
, and
G. oblongifolia
, have cultural or spiritual values, among which
G. paucinervis
could be considered a cultural keystone species in the local communities, considering its crucial contribution to people’s cultures, spirits, and community identity. However, in general, some concerns originating from swift socio-economic changes have also been identified in the knowledge and
Garcinia
species. Strategies are needed to conserve traditional botanical knowledge, as well as plants.
Nowe stanowiska roślin naczyniowych Polski, 2
Authors: Wójcik Tomasz , Czarna Aneta , Gawroński Stefan , Górecki Artur , Jakubowska Marcelina , Jermakowicz Edyta , Łazarski Grzegorz , Pliszko Artur , Podgórska Monika , Stachurska-Swakoń Alina , Stadnicka-Futoma Agata , Towpasz Krystyna , Wyrzykiewicz-Raszewska Małgorzata , Górski Piotr
Published: December 2021

Streszczenie

W pracy przedstawiono nowe stanowiska 12 rzadkich (lub regionalnie rzadkich) roślin naczyniowych w Polsce, tj.
Cochlearia danica
,
Colchicum autumnale
,
Cuscuta campestris
,
Lythrum hyssopifolia
,
Ostericum palustre
,
Pedicularis sylvatica
,
Plantago coronopus
,
Ranunculus arvensis
,
Rosa gallica
,
Sesleria uliginosa
,
Succisella inflexa
oraz
Veronica prostrata
.
Orthodontics and the Periodontium: A Symbiotic Relationship
Authors: Sara Thomas Betsy , Alexander Mohan
Published: December 2021

The force applied by the orthodontist to facilitate the orderly movement of teeth to their new position may have deleterious effects on the most important structure involved in the procedure—the periodontium. This chapter endeavors to provide an overview of the biological processes that play a role in achieving the patient’s as well as the orthodontist’s objective.
Insecticide’s Disappearance after Field Treatment and during Processing into Byproducts
Authors: Angioni Alberto , Arru Nicola
Published: December 2021

Insecticide’s disappearance after field treatments could be ascribed to different factors such as sunlight photodegradation, dilution effect due to fruit growth, co-distillation during fruit respiration and evaporation. Moreover, the epicuticular waxes could speed or slow down the degradation rate, and the cultivation in an open field or greenhouses could affect the residues dramatically. After harvest, the processing techniques to produce byproducts deeply influence insecticide residues. For example, fruit drying, winemaking, the industrial processing of tomatoes to produce purée, triple-concentrated paste, fine pulp, diced, olive processing to obtain table olive and olive oil, and other industrial applications on fruits affect residues and their half-life time. The scope of this chapter is to highlight the major factors responsible for the disappearance of insecticides after treatment. Moreover, the chapter intends to review the influence of the industrial processes on insecticide behaviour when the raw material is transformed into its byproducts.
Oronasal Fistula: A Complication of Cleft Palate Surgery
Authors: Abdalla Ali Eltahir Manal
Published: December 2021

Oronasal fistula is one of the disappointing expected outcomes of cleft palate surgery. It may follow palatoplasty for palatal clefting patients, which is defined as an abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities. More than one system has attempted its classification. It may be a small and a symptomatic or symptomatic fistula that requires correction. Its rate differs widely according to many factors. Both surgical and non-surgical methods (the pros and cons of each should be considered) are available for its correction, and there are adjunctive therapies to assist in improving the surgical outcome.
The Importance of Microemulsion for the Surfactant Injection Process in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Setiati Rini , Taufiq Fathaddin Muhammad , Fatahanissa Aqlyna
Published: December 2021

Microemulsion is the main parameter that determines the performance of a surfactant injection system. According to Myers, there are four main mechanisms in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) surfactant injection process, namely interface tension between oil and surfactant, emulsification, decreased interfacial tension and wettability. In the EOR process, the three-phase regions can be classified as type I, upper-phase emulsion, type II, lower-phase emulsion and type III, middle-phase microemulsion. In the middle-phase emulsion, some of the surfactant grains blend with part of the oil phase so that the interfacial tension in the area is reduced. The decrease in interface tension results in the oil being more mobile to produce. Thus, microemulsion is an important parameter in the enhanced oil recovery process.
Fault Detection by Signal Reconstruction in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim , Zio Enrico , Heo Gyunyoung
Published: December 2021

In this work, the recently developed auto associative bilateral kernel regression (AABKR) method for on-line condition monitoring of systems, structures, and components (SSCs) during transient process operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) is improved. The advancement enhances the capability of reconstructing abnormal signals to the values expected in normal conditions during both transient and steady-state process operations. The modification introduced to the method is based on the adoption of two new approaches using dynamic time warping (DTW) for the identification of the time position index (the position of the nearest vector within the historical data vectors to the current on-line query measurement) used by the weighted-distance algorithm that captures temporal dependences in the data. Applications are provided to a steady-state numerical process and a case study concerning sensor signals collected from a reactor coolant system (RCS) during start-up operation of a NPP. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for fault detection during steady-state and transient operations.
Extracellular Vesicles and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Aviles Diego , Warshal David , Krill Lauren , Ostrovsky Olga
Published: December 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a varied group of cell-derived, microscopic, fluid-filled pouches released from cells into neighboring microenvironments that are quickly gaining recognition as a potentially powerful tool against epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Recent studies show that not only do EVs play an integral part in the development of cancer through intercellular communication, cell survival, and immune modulation but also may assist with early diagnosis and improved treatments. EOC currently has few effective screening options for early detection of this disease; and, therefore, it is detected at an advanced stage where it is more likely to recur, develop chemoresistance, and ultimately become fatal. Newer research has evaluated EVs as biomarkers for early screening and diagnosis and as novel targets for treatment of EOC. Moreover, EVs are possible targets for novel immunomodulatory therapies to directly target cancer cells or make cancer cells more susceptible to other treatment modalities. Therefore, EVs present an exciting, promising approach which may improve clinical outcome for EOC patients.
Ferroptosis: Can Iron Be the Downfall of a Cell?
Authors: Akkaya Fırat Asuman
Published: December 2021

Ferroptosis is one of the forms of programmed cell death. Besides being a necessary micronutrient, iron is the key element that initiates ferroptosis in the cell. Intracellular unstable iron accumulation increases the amount of intracellular ROS, especially by the peroxidation of unsaturated membrane phospholipids. Insufficient antioxidant capacity and decreased glutathione levels play an important role in this process. The research reveals that an imbalance between unoxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and oxidized PUFAs, particularly oxidized arachidonic acid, accelerates ferroptosis. These oxidative reactions change the permeability of lysosomal and cellular membranes and cell death occurs. Iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants, and specific inhibitors prevent ferroptosis. In addition to being accepted as a physiological process, it seems to be associated with tissue reperfusion damage, ischemic, neurodegenerative diseases, hematological and nephrological disorders. Ferroptosis is also being explored as a treatment option where it may offer a treatment option for some types of cancer. In this section, the brief history of ferroptosis, its morphological, molecular, and pathophysiological features are mentioned. Ferroptosis seems to be a rich field of research as a treatment option for many diseases in the future.
Grease Lubrication: Formulation Effects on Tribological Performance
Authors: Cousseau Tiago
Published: December 2021

Grease lubrication performance prediction is challenging. Only recently that empirical equations to predict grease film thickness for prevailing rolling conditions under fully flooded lubrication taking into account thickener properties and content for low, moderate, and high speeds were developed. At starved lubrication, although new insights about the supply and loss mechanisms that govern film formation have been published, contact replenishment and, consequently, film thickness predictions for long-term operation are still not available. Prediction of components efficiency requires film thickness values and properties, including film’s molecular structure, which makes it even more challenging. When it comes to prevailing sliding conditions, the literature is scarce and most of the knowledge developed for prevailing rolling conditions is not applicable. During the sliding of the contacting bodies, boundary and mixed lubrication regimes are expected. In this situation, the tribological response is primarily defined by grease thickener and additives physicochemical interaction with the surface. This complexity leads many researchers to seek simpler relationships between grease formulation and properties with its performance. This review aims to present the state-of-art on grease lubrication and update some of these relationships.
Quantitative Imaging Parameters in the Diagnosis of Endometriomas
Authors: Ștefan Paul-Andrei , Lupean Roxana-Adelina , Tamandl Dietmar
Published: December 2021

The classic imaging diagnosis of endometriomas encounters multiple limitations, including the subjective evaluation of medical examinations and a similar imaging appearance with other adnexal lesions, especially the functional hemorrhagic cysts. For this reason, a definite diagnosis of endometriomas can be made only by pathological analysis, which reveals particular features in terms of cellularity and biochemical components of their fluid content. It is theorized that these histopathological features can also be reflected in medical images, altering the pixel intensity and distribution, but these changes are too subtle to be assessed by the naked eye. New quantitative imaging evaluations and emerging computer-aided diagnosis techniques can provide a detailed description of image contents that can be furtherly processed by algorithms, aiming to provide a more accurate and non-invasive diagnosis for this disease.
Combined Ketogenic Diet and Walking Exercise Interventions in Community Older Frailty and Skeletal Muscle Sarcopenia
Authors: Wu Jia-Ping
Published: December 2021

The ketogenic diet and walking exercise training interventions are two key public health lifestyle factors. The potential of combined lifestyle factors interventions focused on getting to compliance in diet and exercise. A balanced ketogenic diet and regular exercise interventions is key modifiable factor to the prevention and management of community older frailty and skeletal muscle sarcopenia. Influence health across the lifespan and reduction of the risk of premature death through several biochemistry mechanisms. Community older group’s lifestyle factors interventions contribute identity in their natural living environment. While the older health benefits of walking exercise training interventions strategies are commonly to study, combining ketogenic diet and walking exercise interventions can induce greater benefits in community older groups.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Vibrations of Structures
Authors: Fali Leyla , Zizouni Khaled , Saidi Abdelkrim , Khalil Bousserhane Ismail , Djermane Mohamed
Published: December 2021

The sliding mode controller is one of the interesting classical nonlinear controllers in structural vibration control. From its apparition, in the middle of the twentieth century, this controller was a subject of several studies and investigations. This controller was widely used in the control of various semi-active or active devices in the civil engineering area. Nevertheless, the sliding mode controller offered a low sensitivity to the uncertainties or the system condition variations despite the presence of the Chattering defect. However, the adaptation law is one of the frequently used solutions to overcome this phenomenon offering the possibility to adapt the controller parameters according to the system variations and keeping the stability of the whole system assured. The chapter provides a sliding mode controller design reinforced by an adaptive law to control the desired state of an excited system. The performance of the adaptive controller is proved by numerical simulation results of a three-story excited structure.
SWEDISH ISLAMISM AS A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECT IN THE FORMATION OF AN ETHNO-CONFESSIONAL PARALLEL SOCIETY
Authors: Talalaeva Ekaterina Yu. , Pronina Tatiana S.
Published: December 2021

An ethno-confessional parallel society, a new actor in the European geopolitical space, is transforming the social and political fabric of Sweden. An institutionalised Muslim parallel society is emerging in vulnerable areas, such as marginalised immigrant districts of Swedish cities, through the efforts of Islamist political, social, and economic structures adhering to the religious and political doctrine of the Muslim Brotherhood. Committed to maintaining the Muslim identity, these organisations seek gradual Islamisation of the Swedish population through ideological influence on immigrants with a Muslim background. These efforts thwart cultural assimilation attempts and hinder the implementation of Swedish integration policy. The lack of research into the peaceful Islamisation of Swedish society and the related problems of Islamophobia, anti-Muslim racism, and radicalisation of Muslim youth lends urgency to investigating the influence of Islamist organisations on the Swedish Muslim immigrant community. This study analyses the literature, sources, and statistics on the essential aspects of Swedish Islamisation to provide a holistic picture of the formation of an ethnic-confessional parallel society in Sweden. The findings help evaluate the effectiveness of the national policy on confronting parallel societies, as well as of measures to promote democratic values as the foundation of a united Swedish society.
THE EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND EMPLOYMENT FLUCTUATIONS ON RURAL SETTLEMENT TRENDS
Authors: Fedorov Gennady M. , Kinder Sebastian , Kuznetsova Tatyana Yu.
Published: December 2021

Structural changes in the economy and spatial and inter-settlement differences in living standards and quality of life lead to fundamental alterations in the national settlement system. Settlement polarisation is gathering momentum, along with the movement of rural population from Russia’s east and north to its southern and metropolitan regions. These processes benefit urban agglomerations. Typological differences between regional settlement systems, still poorly understood but essential for strategic and spatial planning, are growing. This article draws on the concept of the geographical demographic situation; it uses official statistics on Russian regions and Kaliningrad municipalities and settlements to explore the connection between rural settlement trends and employment fluctuations caused by structural shifts in Russian regional economies. It is shown how settlement polarisation affects differences in settlement trends of meso- and microdistrict levels. Regions are identified that have a capacity for rural-urban migration and corresponding rural employment structure and trends.
The SFRY did not fall apart: It was intentionally broken up
Authors: Atlagić Marko , Martinović Aleksandar
Published: December 2021

In this paper we propose that in the 1990s the SFRY did not fall apart but was broken up because, in the opinion of the US, the reasons for its existence disappeared. The Americans believed that the SFRY was created as a barrier against Soviet expansion in the West. As the bipolar world dissolved and the era of globalization began, the need for the existence of the SFRY disappeared. This was the reason why the country needed to be broken up. The authors are of the opinion that the SFRY was broken up by the USA, Germany, the Vatican, other Western countries and the secessionist Yugoslav republics, Slovenia and Croatia. For this reason, these countries bear the historical responsibility for breaking up a sovereign state, in opposition to its constitution, the UN Charter and the Helsinki Accords.
Voluntary abstention of business entities from enjoying free transfer of funds during pandemic
Authors: Jovanović Marko , Lepetić Jelena
Published: December 2021

Corona virus pandemic posed great challenges in all spheres of life. Quite naturally, law had to face those challenges, adapt to the "new normal" and bring viable solutions to many problems created by the pandemic. In this paper the authors focus on one specific manifestation of the influence of pandemic on business law - voluntary abstention of business entities from enjoying free transfer of funds. In the Republic of Serbia, this abstention came to effect with entry into force of several laws and bylaws enacted with the aim of neutralizing the negative consequences of the pandemic on economy and business. The voluntary abstention is analysed from the standpoint of company law and the rules on protection of foreign direct investment. After evaluating the prohibition on profit distribution to shareholders, the authors conclude that the enactment of atypical, non-standard measures is necessary during the pandemic and that these measures need to be adopted promptly enough to timely address the problems that they are supposed to solve, but during their enactment one must bear in mind that the short-term benefits should not be off set by long-term damage.
Study of exaptation evidence in clinical research for delivering pharmaceutical innovation
Authors: Stamenović Milorad
Published: December 2021

Exaptation is a process that is characterized by the evolution of characteristics, its evolution for other usages, and later coopted for their current role. In the pharmaceutical industry, innovations have high potential in terms of competitive advantage and profit but are also connected with high risks associated with costs, time, and uncertainty. To minimize risks, companies frequently choose the strategy of exaptation in terms of redeveloping compounds for use in a different disease. The intention of this research is to provide analysis and quantification (measurement) of drugs that have been exaptated through the process of drug reposition. Results indicate that on level of 6098 clinical studies Phase I, we have observed a total of 659 drugs/substances (~11%) that have been used in more than one clinical research for the same or different indication showing the level of exaptation use in clinical research.
Socio-Economic and Political Impact of Pandemics in the African Continent and Regional Mechanisms to Mitigate it
Authors: Khan Sultan
Published: December 2021

Throughout the history of African societies, pandemics have claimed, in some instances more lives than warfare. Africa is susceptible to many pandemics. Given the state of underdevelopment amongst African nation-states characterised by low levels of education, poor health care facilities, lack of basic infrastructure, poverty, low levels of income, lack of skilled health care workers, and many more factors, it is not sufficiently equipped to handle pandemics that are life-threatening. Hence, it is prone to outbreaks of infectious diseases. Pandemics cause the socio-economic crisis, which in turn affects political stability. In the history of Africa, the Ebola disease, HIV/Aids, Cholera are some of the major diseases that have ravished nation-states in contemporary times. Now, just like other parts of the world, it has to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic that has far-reaching consequences. This article seeks to interrogate the nature and causes of major pandemics in the globe and the African continent and the steps taken to ameliorate these. It further examines the impact of pandemics on the socio-economic and political spheres of life in the continent.
Speaker Accent Recognition Using MFCC Feature Extraction and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: AYRANCI Ahmet Aytuğ , ATAY Sergen , YILDIRIM Tülay
Published: December 2021

Speech and speaker recognition systems aim to analyze parametric information contained in the human voice and recognize it at the highest possible rate. One of the most important features in the audio signal for the speaker to be recognized successfully by the system is the speaker's accent. Speaker accent recognition systems are based on the analysis of patterns such as the way the speaker speaks and the word choice he uses while speaking. In this study, the data obtained by the MFCC feature extraction technique from voice signals of 367 speakers with 7 different accents were used. The data of 330 speakers in the data set were taken from the "Speaker Accent Recognition" data set in the UC Irvine Machine Learning (ML) open data source. The data of the other 37 speakers were obtained by converting the voice recordings in the "Speaker Accent Archive" data set created by George Mason University into data using the MFCC feature extraction technique. 9 ML classification algorithms were used for the designed speaker accent recognition system. Also, the k-fold cross-validation technique was used to test the data set independently. In this way, the performance of ML algorithms is shown when the data set is divided into a k number of parts. Information about the classification algorithms used in the designed system and the hyperparameter optimizations made in these algorithms are also given. The success performances of the classification algorithms are shown with performance metrics.
Thermal design frontiers of nano-assembled phase change materials for heat storage
Authors: Feng Yan-Hui , Feng Dai-Li , Chu Fu-Qiang , Qiu Lin , Sun Fang-Yuan , Lin Lin , Zhang Xin-Xin ,   School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Published: December 2021

The present paper briefly reviews the development progress of solid-liquid phase change materials, particularly the nano-porous shape-stabilized phase change materials. We outline the designs and syntheses of the heat storage functional materials and the thermophysical mechanism of loading, crystallization, and thermal transport in nano-confined space. Besides, the remarkable methods to enhance the heat storage and release performance of heterogeneous materials are included. However, at present, the single-size porous materials cannot satisfy the requirements for high heat storage/release rate and great thermal energy density simultaneously. Based on this, the novel hierarchical porous frameworks materials are explored to overcome these obstacles. For this purpose, some scientific problems, opportunities, and challenges are summarized at the end of this paper.