bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injury prevention in football: Knowledge and behaviour of players and availability of medical care in a Nigerian youth football league
Authors: Owoeye OBA , Akinbo SRA , Olawale OA , Tella BA , Ibeabuchi NM
Published: April 2016

Background. Exposure to competitive football is increasing among male youth football players in Nigeria. However, medical support to abate the impact of injuries appears inadequate and there is limited literature to show whether youth football players are knowledgeable about, and practise effective measures for injury prevention in football (IPF).Objective. To assess the knowledge and behaviour of male youth football players regarding IPF and the availability of medical care for players.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among all registered first-division players of a male youth football league in Lagos, Nigeria. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we assessed players’ knowledge regarding IPF, awareness of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ injury-prevention programme, injury-prevention behaviour and availability of medical attendants during training and competitive matches.Results. The mean age of the players was 18.5 years (standard deviation (SD) ±1.7; range 12 - 19). Their overall mean knowledge score regarding IPF was 4.40 (SD ±1.92) from a total score of 9, with the majority falling into the poor (39.1%) and fair (43.9%) knowledge categories. Most (79.3%) players were not aware of the FIFA 11+ programme. Less than half (40.5%) wore shin guards during training sessions, while 52.5% reported wearing shin guards during matches. Less than two-thirds always warmed up or cooled down at training or matches. About three-quarters (73.1%) and over half (52.1%) reported not having medical attendants working with their teams during matches and training, respectively.Conclusion. There is a clear deficiency in the knowledge and behaviour of injury-prevention measures among Nigerian male youth football players, and adequate medical care is lacking. There is a need for injury-prevention advocacy and implementation of effective interventions to bridge the identified deficiencies in youth football in Nigeria.
Mindfulness and burnout among competitive adolescent tennis players
Authors: Walker SP
Published: April 2016

Background. Burnout among adolescent athletes is a cause for concern. However, little is known about the intrapersonal factors that may be related to burnout in this population.Objectives. To explore the relationship between burnout and mindfulness among competitive adolescent tennis players.Methods. Competitive adolescent tennis players (N=104; mean age 16 years) completed measures of mindfulness and athlete burnout. Correlations were calculated with regard to mindfulness and burnout. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to determine whether athletes assigned to three levels of mindfulness (high, moderate and low) differed significantly with regard to burnout.Results. Mindfulness exhibited significant negative correlations with global burnout, emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation. The results of the MANOVA indicated that individuals in the three mindfulness groups (high, moderate and low) reported significantly different levels of burnout. Post hoc analyses revealed that participants in the high mindfulness group reported a significantly lower sense of reduced accomplishment and global burnout than participants in the low mindfulness group. In addition, participants in the low mindfulness group reported significantly higher levels of global burnout than individuals in the high and moderate mindfulness groups.Conclusion. Mindfulness appears to be negatively related to athlete burnout among competitive adolescent tennis players. Furthermore, athletes reporting different levels of mindfulness exhibit differing levels of burnout. The potential protective effect of mindfulness with regard to burnout among adolescent athletes warrants further investigation.
Dietary supplements containing prohibited substances: A review (Part 2)
Authors: Van der Bijl Pieter
Published: April 2016

The role of prohormones, ‘classic’ and ‘designer’ steroids, clenbuterol, peptide hormones and newer molecules causing concern in dietary supplements is discussed. Apart from their potential adverse effects on athletes’ health, their non-achievement of increased strength and muscle size, trace quantities present in contaminated dietary supplements can lead to failed doping tests. The methodologies used for the identification and determination of prohibited substances in very low concentrations, mainly liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, are also addressed. Of concern is the anticipation that the number of dietary supplements containing (not yet) prohibited designer steroids and other performance-enhancing newer chemical entities will increase. Athletes, coaches and sports doctors should therefore be provided with information regarding dietary supplements and be advised to minimise risks for non-intentional ingestion of forbidden substances by using safe products listed on databases, such as those obtainable in The Netherlands and Germany.
The effect of various physical exercise modes on perceived psychological stress
Authors: Magalhaes M
Published: April 2016

Background. Stress is an integral part of daily living, but chronic activation of the stress response without the ability to express the physical response results in overloading of the physiological and psychological systems. Objective. To decrease perceived stress by means of one known and/or one relatively unknown physical activity, namely aerobic exercise and somatic awareness exercise. Methods. This investigation made use of a quantitative, comparative, experimental research design over an 8-week period using pre- and post-tests. Participants were measured for psychological stress using a perceived stress scale. The participants were divided into those who were physically untrained and those who participated in exercise training programmes. Results. There were five groups in total. The physically untrained individuals were divided into four groups: a somatic awareness exercise group (n=9); an aerobic exercise group (n=15); a combination group taking part in both somatic awareness and aerobic exercise (n=8); and a control group (n=15). The 5th group contained individuals who participated in physical exercise prior to entering the programme; they were given somatic awareness exercise (n=9) in addition to their existing physical exercises. An independent samples t-test revealed significant changes for perceived stress in the aerobic, somatic, combination and exercise groups, with a 95% confidence level in comparison with the control group. Conclusion. Various physical modes such as aerobic exercise, somatic awareness training and a combination of the two may be used to decrease one’s perceived stress in moderately to highly stressed individuals who are sedentary or who are physically active
Dynamic plantar pressure proles of South African university students
Authors: Kramer M
Published: April 2016

Background. Footscan technology allows for assessment of injury risk and walking mechanics, yet there is a dearth of normative datapertaining to the normal, injury-free foot in a South African (SA) context.Objective. To generate normative tables from plantar pressure prole data gathered from students at an SA university.Methods. e RS Footscan (RSscan, Belgium) system was used to measure the plantar pressure values of the foot. Ten anatomical landmarksof the foot were analysed: the hallux, lateral toes, ve metatarsal heads, midfoot, and medial and lateral heel. ese ten areas were groupedinto one of three regions: forefoot, midfoot and heel. A total of 180 participants were subdivided as follows: gender (males, n=90; females,n=90); race (black, n=60; white, n=60; coloured, n=60). Each race group comprised 30 males and 30 females.Results. Of the ten individual plantar pressure areas, the second and third metatarsal heads demonstrated the highest mean peak plantarpressure values. Of the three regions, the heel region was ascribed with the largest plantar pressure values. Black females, coloured malesand coloured females yielded the highest pressure values, especially under the midfoot region of the foot. Black and white males and whitefemales exhibited the lowest pressure under the foot, especially under the midfoot region.Conclusion. e plantar pressure prole data generated in this study could serve to provide clinicians with a frame of reference whenevaluating participants within the age range of 18 - 30 years.
Cardiovascular and autonomic response induced by a 20-week military training programme in young healthy South African males
Authors: Zondi P C
Published: April 2016

Background. Studies investigating the relationship between exercise and haemodynamic regulation conducted in older caucasian and blackAfrican populations suggest that lifestyle modification is effective in the management of numerous disease processes. There are few longtermstudies in young healthy populations and even less is known about the influence of habitual exercise on autonomic and haemodynamicvariables in young black African subjects.Objective. To investigate the benefit of prolonged exercise on cardiovascular and haemodynamic variables in young healthy black African males.Methods. Fifty-five healthy male volunteers between 18 and 22 years of age participated in this prospective 20-week medium- to highintensityexercise intervention study with a self-control design. The Finometer Pro (Finapres Medical Systems, the Netherlands) was usedfor non-invasive data sampling of a number of cardiovascular and autonomic variables. Results were generated by computer algorithm andwere analysed using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank tests.Results. Significant (p<0.05) cardiovascular changes included an increase in aerobic capacity, stroke volume, cardiac output and ejectionfraction, and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. There was a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance andascending aorta impedance. Systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and arterial compliance remained unchanged, while the decreasein blood pressure variability was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusion. The measured changes suggest a favourable response to exercise and imply that habitual exercise may be an important lifestylemodification for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in young black African males.
CXS: Coherent X-ray scattering at the UE49-SGM at BESSY II
Authors: Engel Dieter , Mishra Durga , Eisebitt Stefan
Published: April 2016

The coherent soft-x-ray scattering experiment CXS has been developed to study nano-structured magnetic and nonmagnetic thin film samples in transmission or reflection geometry. A nanometer precision movable sample stage in a 1 Tesla magnet vector field together with a movable CCD detector, variable in sample – CCD distance, allows both XMCD and XMLD experiments in transmission and reflection as well as imaging techniques such as Fourier transform holography and ptychography.
Activated Carbons from Co-Mingled Liquid
Authors: Lyubchyk Andriy , Lygina Olena , Lyubchyk Sergiy , Fonseca Isabel , Tulepov Marat , Mansurov Zulkhair , Lyubchik Svetlana
Published: April 2016

Data on a synergetic phenomena of the components of the co-mingled solid and liquid wastes occurs during their thermolysis were used for the development of the co-activation approach to wastes recycling. Co-activation was aimed at generation of porous solid valuable secondary products (activated carbons). The development of the design parameters for the activated carbons syntheses was done at valorization of the re-polymerization, re-association and the polycondensation reactions between the reference structural fragments of the components in the ternary composite systems "Spent Petroleum Product Waste – Biomass – D-grade coal" and "Coal Processing Sludge – Biomass – D-grade coal". From elaborated comprehensive investigations the main factors, which influence the carbonized chars formation and the properties of the resulted activated carbons were evaluated. The porous solid secondary products of uniform particle size and pore size distribution were obtained during co-processing in the co-mingled systems. The surface area is ranged between 600-1100 m2/g, the total pore volume is of 0.32-0.47 m3/g and the yield is of 21-27%. Additionally, an efficiency of the catalytic co-processing of natural organic solid and liquid wastes with coal in a presence of the K/Na carbonates was studied aiming at novel adsorbents usage for wastewater purification from heavy metals.
Oxidative carbonylation of dipropargylarylamines
Authors: Vizer S.A. , Yerzhanov K.B. , Manchuk Z.N. , Wieser A.G.
Published: April 2016

The catalytic oxidative methoxycarbonylation reaction of N,N-dipropargylarylamines has been investigated. PdCl2-CuCl2 has been studied as a catalytic system. Consecutive reactions of substitutive and additive methoxycarbonylation have been going in this process, which has been complicated by dimerisation, polymerization and cyclization processes. Apparently the results of process are determined by stability of intermediate reactionary complexes with participation of catalytic system PdCl2-CuCl2. The structures of synthesized cyclic amino triesters are established by analysis of experimental spectra NMR 1H and 13C, comparison with calculated spectra of possible hypothetic structures and estimation of thermodynamics properties by Joback fragmentation and MOPAC Semi-empirical PM3 methods.
Experimental observations of fluidized beds at high temperatures
Authors: Lettieri Paola , Newton David , Yates John G.
Published: April 2016

The objective of this paper is to report some experimental observations on the effect of temperature on the fluidization of three fresh FCC catalysts and an equilibrium (E-cat) FCC. The bed collapse test was used as a quantitative test to characterise the fluidization quality of these materials with increasing temperatures. It provides a sensitive and discriminating means of assessing the changes in the materials’ responses between low and high temperature fluidization. The standardised collapse time, SCT, was calculated from the collapse profiles and the experimental values obtained for the FCC catalysts are reported in this paper. The fluidization quality of the fresh FCC catalysts improved with increasing temperature, as indicated by the increase in SCT values. On the other hand, the standardised collapse time of the E-cat FCC decreased with increasing temperature as the catalyst became less aeratable. Changes of the surface properties of this material occurred on increasing temperature. The flow behaviour of the E-cat catalyst was compared with fluidization of a Group C material. The aeratability of this latter material decreased exponentially, due to the dominant role of the interparticle forces over the hydrodynamic forces, with increasing temperature. The use of classical concepts such as the non bubbling ratio, umb/umf, to describe fluidization at low and high temperatures is discussed. Experimental umb/umf values obtained for the fresh FCC catalysts are compared with predictions.
Complex-radical copolymerization of vinylcyclohexyl ketones with maleic anhydride and N-p-tolylmaleimide
Authors: Rzaev Zakir M. O. , Akovali Güneri , Kuliyeva E.Yu. , Lezgiev N.Yu.
Published: April 2016

Some features of the formation and photochemical reactions of cyclohexylketone containing macromolecules including copolymers of vinylcyclohexyl ketone (VCHK) and its derivatives (V-a-Cl-CHK and V- d-C1-CHK) with maleic anhydride (MA) and N-p-tolylmaleimide (TMI) have been revealed. It has been established that keto-enol tautomerism is the only reaction realized in the vinylcyclohexylketone molecules having mobile hydrogen atom at a -position in the cyclohexane ring, enol form of which is formed by charge-transfer complexes with anhydride or imide of maleic acid as acceptor monomers. The kinetic parameters of these reactions, including complex-formation and copolymerization constants, as well as the ratios of chain growth rates for the participation of monomeric charge-transfer complexes and free monomers, are all determined. It is shown that an alternative copolymerization is realized with the monomer systems containing VCHK and V- d -C1-CHK, which are carried out through a complex-mechanism due to the keto-enol tautomerism; while random copolymer enriched with vinyl ketone units is formed with the system containing oc-substituted VCHK. It is found that characteristics of photochemical reactions of alternating copolymer synthesized depend on the type of substitutation in the vinyl ketone molecule; unlink VCHK-MA(TMI) and V-d-C1-CHK-MA(TMI) copolymers case which easily crosslink upon UVirradiation, and the N-substituted derivatives of these copolymers which decompose under similar condition.
Separation of alcohol-ester binary mixtures by pervaporation
Authors: Ozdemir Sibel (Sain) , Dincer Salih , Savasci O. Tunc
Published: April 2016

In this study, the pervaporation behavior of azeotrope forming methanol-methyl acetate and ethanol-ethyl acetate binary mixtures at different compositions was investigated at 30 and 45 °C using PE-based films having different thickness, compositions and structures, and a PET film. Experimental fluxes and selectivities of the permeating components were determined and evaluated on the basis of the feed mixtures and membranes. In addition, sorption measurements were taken for pure permeating components to observe the interactions between the polymeric membrane and the feed component.
Improvement of MTG Process for Preparation and its property of YBCO Superconductor
Authors: Soh Dea-wha
Published: April 2016

To improve the superconductivity of high temperature YBCO superconductor, it was prepared and examined by MTG (melt-textured growth) process with use of SmBaCuO seed crystal for orientation, additives of Ag and 211 phase for current density and flux pinning, and heat treatment for oxygen absorption. SmBaCuO single crystals were prepared by MTG process with oxygen absorption and analyzed by XRD and Laue technique. It was estimated that optimum value of Y2BaCuO5 (211 phase) contents in the textured YBCO superconductor as flux pinning center was about 20 wt.%. Ag contents have no influence on the critical temperature but have large influence on the critical current density of the textured YBCO. In the YBCO matrix in experiment, 10 wt.% of Y2BaCuO5 was added, the final 211 content of YBCO made by MTG process could reach about 20 wt.% which was the optimum value for the critical current density. The Ag contents in textured YBCO and the effects of Ag on the superconductivity were also examined. A 5x5x2 mm3 single crystal of SmBaCuO grown by the melted-condensed process was used to be the seed crystal in the preparation of YBCO. It was proved that the orientation of YBCO was the same as the orientation of the SmBaCuO seed. The effect of oxygen absorption of the bulk oriented YBCO was studied and the heat treatment of oxygen absorption would be in flowing oxygen, at 400 for about 24 hours. The critical current density of the textured YBCO prepared by the optimum technical conditions was about 7x104 A/cm2 (77K, 0.01T).
Development of Catalytic Technologies for purification of gases from Hydrogen Sulfide based on direct selective Catalytic Oxidation of H2S to elemental Sulfur
Authors: Ismagilov Z.R. , Khairulin S.R. , Kerzhentsev M.A. , Mazgarov A.M. , Vildanov A.F.
Published: April 2016

In the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis in cooperation with specialists of All-Russian Institute of Hydrocarbons Raw Materials novel methods of purification of fossil fuels based on oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur have been developed. In this paper the results of laboratory and pilot plant testing of the technologies are presented.
Support and Catalyst for the alkylation of benzene by ethylene process
Authors: Shkrabina R.A. , Ismagilov Z.R. , Koryabkina N.A. , Vorobiev Yu.K.
Published: April 2016

A method for preparation of a spherical alumina support with preset porous structure for a catalyst of benzene alkylation with ethylene has been developed. The process of the support manufacture has been adjusted in a pilot installation, and an industrial installation for production of alumina support for the alkylation catalyst has been designed and built at the Shevchenko Plastics Plant (Aktau, Kazakhstan).
The kinetics and mechanism of the sulfur dioxide oxidation by the oxygen in the presence of the cobalt and nickel complexes, fixed on polymer matrix
Authors: Emelyanova V.S. , Zhubanov K.A. , Shakieva T.V. , Yuldasheva G.A.
Published: April 2016

Catalytic sulphur dioxide oxidation by oxygen on the cobalt and nickel complexes fixed on polyetheleneamine was investigated. On the base of kinetics study it was established that SO2 and oxygen interact in inner sphere mechanism. UV-spectra and quantum-chemical calculations are presented, and on the base of them the ways of oxygen activation are discussed.
On the Possibility of Mo Substitution in Mesoporous Materials - Cluster Model Calculations
Authors: Rana Rohit Kumar , Viswanathan B.
Published: April 2016

Scattered Wave SCF-Xa calculations were carried out on various Mo-containing cluster models in order to find out the possibility of molybdenum incorporation in a zeolitic framework, containing ring systems as secondary building units. Four and six membered ring clusters were found to stabilize molybdenum in their framework compared to that by linear chain models. Comparison of relative stabilization energies for corner and edge shared MoO4 moiety favoured the formation of the former one. Calculated HOMO-LUMO electronic transition for tetrahedrally coordinated molybdenum in Mo-containing ring clusters showed a shift of 15 nm from that in Mo-containing linear chain clusters. These results were compared with the experimental results obtained from UV-DRS studies on Mo-MCM-41 catalyst.
Interaction Between Propylene and H2O over Rh-Ir/C-Catalysts of Clusters Type. Communication 1
Authors: Zakumbaeva G.D. , Shapovalova L.B.
Published: April 2016

The catalytic process of interaction between the propylene and H2O over bimetallic Rh-Ir/C-catalysts of clusters type, has been studied. The possibility of the process interaction between C3H6 and H2O according to and against Markovnikov rule are showed. The structure and state of Ru-Ir/C-catalysts surfaces were investigated by using electron microscopy.
Design of Nano-Sized Polymer-Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation
Authors: Zharmagambetova Alima , Selenova Bagadat , Mukhamedzhanova Sabira , Kurmanbaeva Indira
Published: April 2016

Nanoscale palladium/oxide catalysts stabilized with poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (P2M5VP) have been prepared and tested in the reaction of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyne-1-ol hydrogenation in ethanol at 50 oC and hydrogen atmospheric pressure. The catalysts showed high activity, stability and selectivity. Chemical interaction of PdCl2 with pyridyne groups of P2M5VP on oxides (ZnO and MgO) promotes formation of even distribution of uniformed metal particles. Polymer chains prevent agglomeration of active phase of Pd and deactivation of catalysts during hydrogenation reaction.
Catalytic Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds from Inorganic Derivatives of Low Valence Phosphorus
Authors: Polimbetova Gulshara S. , Abdreimova Rumiya R. , Faisova Farida Kh.
Published: April 2016

A variety of new reactions of inorganic compounds of elemental and low valence phosphorus (phosphine, white phosphorus, sodium hypophosphite) with various organic substrates (alcohols, olefins, quinones) catalysed by different transition metal (PdII, HgII, PtII, PtIV, AgI, FeIII, CuII) salts leading to the formation of valuable organophosphorus derivatives (trialkylphosphates, dialkylphosphites, trialkylphoshinoxides, phosphonium salts) are reviewed. The principal features of the oxidative phosphorylation reactions which are of great practical importance are described. The mechanisms of the catalytic oxidative P-O and P-C coupling of phosphine, white phosphorus and hypophosphite with alcohols, olefins and quinones are considered. It has been shown that this catalytic protocol allows to provide a highly selective conversion of relatively inexpensive feedstocks to desirable higher added-value products.
Synergistic Phenomena in Chemistry
Authors: Golodov V.A.
Published: April 2016

New classification of synergistic effects in chemistry of five categories, every contains two or three types of synergism has been worked out. The classification covers all the cases of synergism in static and dynamic
conditions of chemical form of substance existence.
Prospects of Using the New Technologies in Oil and Gas Industry of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nadirov N.K. , Nurzhanova S.B.
Published: April 2016

In this review, prospects of using the new technologies in oil and gas industry of Kazakhstan are presented. The new technologies for solving of oil recovery of problem, transporting and oil refining depth considered.
CO2 Reforming of CH4 on Co-Containing Supported Catalysts
Authors: Itkulova Sh.S. , Zhunusova K.Z. , Chanycheva I.S. , Zakumbaeva G.D.
Published: April 2016

Mono- and bimetallic cobalt-containing catalysts supported on alumina have been investigated in the reaction of interaction between carbon dioxide and methane at variation of experiment temperature and pressure. It was shown, that the bimetallic catalysts have a high activity in this reaction in compare with monometallic ones. The main reaction products are carbon oxide, hydrogen, water and oxygenates. The yield of latter reaches 30% at certain conditions (P > 0.5 MPa, T < 853K). The maximum conversion of both methane (100%) and carbon dioxide (94%) is reached at lower pressure (0.1MPa) and 1023 K. In these conditions the synthesis-gas is a main reaction product. One of the advantages of the bimetallic catalysts is their resistance to coke formation.
Catalytic Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sulphides by Heteropoly Metalates
Authors: Viswanathan B. , Athilakshmi B.
Published: April 2016

Oxidising behaviour of both simple and substituted heteropoly compounds was investigated under homogeneous conditions in the presence of H2O2 and t-BuOOH with organic sulphides and alkyl benzenes as substrates. Activity of these catalysts depends on the nature of the substrates used as well as the oxidising agent employed. The mechanistic aspects of the reaction are also elucidated.
Preparation of Alumina Pillared Montmorillonite Clays Employing Ultrasonics and Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Katdare Suhas P. , Ramaswamy Veda , Ramaswamy A.V.
Published: April 2016

An accelerated diffusion of alumina precursor species in-between the gallery region of montmorillonite clays by the use of ultrasonic technique is described. This method offers a faster, efficient and attractive route for the synthesis of alumina-pillared clay catalysts. Out of the several preparative parameters studied, the role of pre-exchanged cations influenced the optimum duration of ultrasonic agitation and treatment for the pillaring process. By comparing ultrasonic route and conventional preparation procedure, it is revealed that uniform spacing of alumina pillars in the clay means homogeneously distributed acid centers. The influence of calcination temperature on the acidity and hence the catalytic activity is described. The choice of three different montmorillonite clays with different cation exchange capacities enables one to tune the pore dimensions of the pillared clays. The catalytic applications include studies on cumene cracking, dehydration of propan-2-ol and alkylation of benzene with linear olefins. 
Overcarbonised Adsorptive – Catalytic Systems
Authors: Mansurov Z.A.
Published: April 2016

With the use of the electron microscopy and X-ray analysis the regularities of carbon sediments formation at methane and propane pyrolysis on zeolites, Kazakhstan natural clays, chrome and bauxite sludges, which contain metal oxides of iron subgroup, have been studied. The kinetic parameters of carbon formation at methane decomposition on the surface of zeolite – CoO mixture were investigated by method f thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology and structure of forming carbon fibrils, with the metal particles fixed at their ends, have been investigated, and the formation of carbon fibrils branched pattern, so called octopus, has been discovered. Greek walnut shells and grape seeds carbonization, their immobilization by the cells of selective absorption of heavy metal and sulfur dioxide ions have been also studied. The examples of metal-carbon composites using as adsorbents for wastewater purification, C3- C4 hydrocarbon cracking catalysts and refractory materials with improved properties have been considered.
Olefine Production from Syngas over Bimetallic Supported
Authors: Itkulova Sh.S. , Zakumbaeva G.D.
Published: April 2016

Bimetallic cobalt-containing catalysts supported on alumina have been studied in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It has been shown that a promotion of Co/Al2O3 by iridium leads to dispergation of both metals. It was supposed that the metal dispergation occurred due to M-M interaction with formation of the bimetallic nano-particles of cluster type. These particles have the high catalytic activity, selectivity and stability in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It was observed that by regulation of the process conditions it is possible to obtain the definite hydrocarbon fractions. Thus, the increase both CO+H2 ratio and space velocity is accompanied by high olefin yield.
Cracking of C3-C4 Hydrocarbons on Cobalt and Palladium-Carbon Catalysts
Authors: Sataeva G.E. , Mansurova R.M. , Toktabaeva N.F. , Rahova N.M.
Published: April 2016

The process of C3-C4 hydrocarbon cracking on cobalt and palladium cardonic catalysts, obtained under conditions of propane-butane mixture pyrolysis, was studied. It was found that using of carbon-mineral catalyst increases gas conversion and selectivity, yield of olefines and aromatic compounds.
Multifunctional Sulfide Catalysts in the Processes of Hydropurification and Hydroisomerisation of Gasoline and Diesel Oil Fractions
Authors: Tuktin B. , Zakumbaeva G.D.
Published: April 2016

Modified aluminonickel molibdenum catalysts are studied in hydropurification and hydroisomerisation process of gasoline and diesel oil fractions. Catalysts were tested on flow reactor at the temperature 593– 673 K, pressure 2.0-4.5 MPa, 2-7 hours-1 feed velocity. It was shown that synthesized catalysts have polyfunctional properties and they allow to obtain low sulfureous gasoline and diesel fuel with improved characteristics.
Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitrocompounds on Supported Mono- and Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Massenova A.T. , Sassykova L.R.
Published: April 2016

Catalytic hydrogenation of substituted aromatic nitrocompounds and hydrocarbons has been studied. It was established that monometallic Pd-catalysts were suitable for reduction of nitrogroups. Bifunctional catalysts such as Rh-Pt, Rh-Pd, Pd-Ru and Rh-Ru were used for hydrogenation of both aromatic ring and nitrogroup and sequence of their hydrogenation depended on support nature. Over Rh-Pt alumina supported catalysts consequent hydrogenation of NO2 and benzene ring took place, over silica supported catalysts their consecutive hydrogenation was observed. Such catalytic properties of bimetallic Rh-Pt and Rh-Pd catalysts probably connected with metal-metal interaction leading to optimal adsorption strength of uniformly adsorbed hydrogen. The optimal reaction conditions (temperature and hydrogen pressure) have been elaborated for synthesis of alicyclic amines with 95-99% yields.
The Extraction of Platinum and Palladium from Supported over Al2O3 Spent Catalysts Using Alternating Current
Authors: Dosumov K. , Popova N.M. , Umbetkaliev A.K.
Published: April 2016

The results of investigation of extraction of platinum and palladium from spent catalysts of gases of gasoline and diesel engines and oil refining purification into solution of HCl at anodic polarization of graphite electrodes by alternating current are demonstrated. Influence of temperature, current density, concentration of HCl and other factors have been studied. The optimal parameters of electrolysis with extraction into solution of 98-100% noble metals have been determined. feedstocks to desirable higher added-value products.
Kazakhstan Natural Clays Based Catalysts for Isomerization of n-Hexane
Authors: Akkulov Askar , Zakarina Nelli , Akulova Galina
Published: April 2016

Isomerization of n-hexane was carried out in the presence of hydrogen over Pt- and Pt-Re- supported on the matrix of complex composition (natural klinoptilolite clay, alumina-silica gel) and alumina. Pt- catalysts on the compost containing clinoptilolite clay, alumina-silica-gel, decationed and exchanged zeolite (HCeY) showed the isomers selectivity at a wide range of temperature interval (350-450 oC). It was shown that the high activity and selectivity of studied catalysts correlated with the concentration of strong and medium acid sites on the surface of catalysts.
Investigations of the SHS Cobalt Based Catalysts in Reaction of Synthesis Gas Production from Natural Gas
Authors: Mironenko A.V. , Rakhimetkaliev K.N. , Mansurov Z.A.
Published: April 2016

By means of selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis method metaloceramics based on cobalt oxide was obtained and its catalytic activity in reaction of methane conversion into various content synthesis gas in two sectional separately heated reactor at atmospheric pressure was studied. Temperature and volume flow rate influence on the yield of catalytic reaction products was also investigated. It was shown that the
fuel conversion in oxidation process reached 90-98%. The optima working conditions of methane catalytic oxidation processes were found.
Catalysts for Alkylbenzene and Alkylpyridine Ammoxidation
Authors: Sembaev D.Kh. , Ivanovskaya F.A. , Pochtennaya V.M.
Published: April 2016

An increase of effectivity of binary and ternary vanadium containing oxide catalysts can be achieved by a regulation of chemical and phase catalyst composition during their preparation. Activity and selectivity of V-Ti catalysts depend on the ratio of V2O5 to VO2 in the succession of substitutional solid solutions VO2- TiO2, as well as on the crystal modification of TiO2. It was investigated the influence of vanadium oxides over the rate of the polymorfous conversion from anatase to rutile and the kind of TiO2 crystal modification over V2O5 reduction degree during the thermal treatment of V-Ti catalysts. The synthesized catalysts offered producing nicotinonitrile from 3-methylpyridine with 93-95% mol. yield. Modifying of V-Ti catalysts by SnO2 increased their activity. The reason is V=O bond weakening under the influence of SnO2. That was verified by increasing of V2O5 dissociation rate almost by an order in comparison with V-Ti catalysts. SnO2 in the ternary catalysts exists as individual phase and acts as a donor of oxygen for the lower vanadium oxides. It provides the high stability of V-Ti-Sn catalysts and possibility of obtaining isonicotinonitrile with 95-97% mol. yield from 4-methylpyridine. The investigation of the mutual influence of starting components in the ternary V-Ti-Zr catalysts showed that ZrO2 prevented the polymorphous transformation from anatase into rutile. In its turn, anatase stabilized baddeleyite, which has a higher catalytic activity than ruffite. Taking into account the mutual influence of the components, it was able to prepare the selective V-Ti-Zr catalyst. It offered obtaining nicotininitrile from 3-methylpyridine with 92-96% mol. yield. 
Interaction Between Propylene and H2O over Ru-Co/SiO2 -Catalysts of Clusters Type. Communication 2.
Authors: Zakumbaeva G.D. , Shapovalova L.B. , Shurtbaeva A.A.
Published: April 2016

The interaction between propylene and H2O on Ru-Co/SiO2-catalyst was studied. It was determined that the process of the water addition to olefin molecule is carried out with n-propanol, i-propanol and acetone formation. For clarification of the adsorption mechanism of propylene on Ru-Co-clusters the quantum- chemical calculation of interaction between it and Ru-Co, Ru-Ru, Co-Co clusters were carried out.
Interpolymer Complex Formation Between Linear and Crosslinked Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(vinyl ether of ethyleneglycol)
Authors: Nurkeeva Z.S. , Mun G.A. , Khutoryanskiy V.V. , Kan V.A. , Shaikhutdinov E.M.
Published: April 2016

The formation of H-bonded interpolymer complexes between linear and cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) and poly(vinyl ether of ethyleneglycol) is considered. The effects of pH and concentrations of polymers solution as well as the nature of the solvent on the complexation processes are discussed. It was found that the complexes are formed in aqueous solutions only below some critical pH value, which depends on the concentration of polymers and ionic strength of the solution. The interaction between gel of poly(acrylic acid) swollen in alcohol with solution of linear poly(vinyl ether of ethyleneglycol) is accompanied by formation of turbid layer of polycomplex and contraction of gel.
Acylation Reaction of Polystyrene with Organic Anhydrides and Investigation of the Physico-Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kurbanova R. , Mirzaoglu R. , Ersoz M. , Ozcan E. , Guler E. , Pamuk V.
Published: April 2016

The acylation reaction of polystyrene with organic anhydrides, such as maleic and ace-tic anhydrides were investigated in the presence of cationic catalysis (AlCl3, BF3·O(C2H5)2, FeCl3, SnCl4, TiCl4, ZnCl2), to synthesise some polyfunctional (carbonyl-, carboxyl-, keto-, olefinic) polystyrene. The incorporation of functional groups to polystyrene were caused an increase of adhesion capability, physico-mechanical properties, elasticity and photosensitivity polyfunctional product.
Complex-Radical Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride (Styrene), Allyl Propionate and Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Medyakova L.V. , Rzaev Z. M. , Mamedov A.S. , Mamedova M.A.
Published: April 2016

The radical terpolymerization reactions of the acceptor-donor-acceptor and donor-acceptor-donor systems, maleic anhydride (MA)-allyl propionate (AP)-methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St)-MMA-AP, had been studied. The terpolymerizations were carried out in methyl ethyl ketone at 60-75 °C in the presence of 2,2’-azoisobutyronitrile (ABIN) used as the initiator. Some kinetic parameters and copolymerization constants - for both, system were determined by dilatometric and Kelen-Tudos or Seiner-Lift methods. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the free monomer and complex chain growth models. It is shown that terpolymerization was carried out at a stage close to binary copolymerization of MA...AP complex with free MMA and St...MMA complex with AP in the both studied system, respectively. These systems are also used as model for interpretation of cyclocopolymerization mechanism in allyl methactylate-MA (or St) system. DTA and TGA analyses indicated the relatively high thermal stability of St-MMA-AP terpolymer. It is shown that this terpolymer decomposes through a one-step reaction at 310 °C, however MA-AP-MMA terpolymer decomposes through a multi-step reactions at 150, 260 and 310 °C.
Inhibition Effect of Tetraethanol-b-Octadecenyl Succinylamide in Acidic Corrosion of Carbonized Steel
Authors: Halilova Florida L. , Aligulyev Ramiz M.
Published: April 2016

The influence of tetraethanol-b-octadecenyl succinylamide (TOSA) on the corrosion of steel in H2S04 and HC1 solutions of divers concentrations has been studied using gravimetrical, electrochemical and polarization corrosion test methods. It has been observed that the TOSA behaves as an inhibitor of molecular active cathodic type and has inhibition effect at the beginning stage of corrosion in both acids, but more effectively in H2S04. It is shown that the inhibition effect of the TOSA increases with temperature increasing from 91 % at 20 °C to 100 % at 80 °C in 0.5 N H2S04 solution and decreases with temperature increasing for higher concentrations of acid solutions. From obtained electrocapillary curves it is evidenced that the TOSA is a primarily additive of molecular type (insignificant shift of the maximum to the positive side on the curves). Moreover, it is surface active compound those superficial strength substantially decreases in H2S04 (30 dyn/cm) and HCl (34.9 dyn/cm) solutions. It has been shown that the TOSA has a high protection effect and high formation rate of adsorption layer on the metal surface in H2S04 (y = 96.4 % and t = 8.0 min) and HC1 (y = 91.5 % and t = 4.0 min).
The Synthesis of Styrene-Oligoester Copolymer and Investigation of Their Physico-mechanical Properties
Authors: Ahmedova G. , Kara H. , Cengeloglu Y. , Özcan E. , Burdurlu Y. , Ersöz M. , Koçak A.
Published: April 2016

The copolymerization reaction of commercial propylene oxide with glycidylmethacrilate in the presence of BF3·O(C2H5)2 catalyst have been investigated. The composition and structure of copolymerization products and anchored functional groups have been determined using IR and gel chromatographic methods. The physico-mechanical properties and utility of polyfunctional unsaturated oligoester were investigated. The obtained thermoset product via the reaction of the oligoester with both styrene and oligostyrene obtained from the bottom of column as a waste material during the rectification operation of styrene in the presence of radicalic initiator has a good adhesion capability, hardness and high heat and water resistance. Thus the waste material was converted to the high valuable polymeric material.
Utilization of Oil Wastes for Production of Road-building Materials
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Ongarbaev E.K. , Tuleutaev B.K.
Published: April 2016

The pollution of environment by oil spills in the process of extraction, refining and transporting of oil is an important ecological problem of oil industry. Composition and properties of the oil sludge and il contaminated soil taken from the area of Zhetybai – Uzen – Atyrau pipeline failure have been investigated aiming at development of oil waste utilization methods. The offered thermal method of organic fraction extraction allows to decrease the organic fraction content by 15–20 %. It is shown that the recovered oil may be used for the bitumen production, and the solid residue – as a component of cold asphalt concrete.
Investigation of Inhibitor Polyphosphate Properties for Rotating Steel Disk Electrode in Potassium Nitrate Solution
Authors: Dorokhova E.A. , Burkitbaeva B.D. , Melsitova I.B. , Ahkmetov T.Z. , Kapralova V.I.
Published: April 2016

Inhibition properties of a number of glass-like polyphosphates on 65J steel were investigated using the gravimetry and methods potassium nitrate solution polarization curves in a 0,1M (pH=6,05). The possibilities
of optimum experimental conditions were considered as well. Basing on the experimental data the inhibition coefficient and protective effect were found. The inhibiting action of polyphosphates, apparently, is due to the formation of inhomogeneous protecting film on the steel surface.
Fabrication of Optical Modulator Based on Proton Exchange
Authors: Kang Ki-sung , Soh Dea-wha
Published: April 2016

For the investigation of optical modulator, the optical wave-guide was fabricated on x-cut LiNbO3 substrate using proton exchange method with self-aligned electrode. The electrode pattern was designed using a self-aligned thin film electrode method. After proton exchange process, the wave-guide could be prepared by annealing process to control the width and depth of the optical wave-guide. The initial crossover state of the fabricated 1´2 optical switch was observed with controlling the annealing process variables and the structure of self-aligned thin film electrodes. As the results in the present work, the measured cross talk and minimum detectable switching voltage were obtained at the values of -29.5dB and 8.0V, respectively, with good merits.
SHS of Oxide Systems Based on the “Mechano-Chemical” Quartz Modified by Organometallic Compounds
Authors: Ksandopulo G.I. , Mofa N.N. , Ketegenov T.A. , Cherviakova O.V. , Tyumentseva O.A.
Published: April 2016

The differences of the effects of mechanical substance pre-activation in the mills with divers force effect schemes on the self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) of the SiO2 + 37.5 % Al system are shown. The power saturation of activated material is determined by particle defect intensity and effects on the thermal and physical characteristics of the material. The variations of activated material state are estimated referring on the variations of dilatometry curve paths. The effects of activation time on the temperature of sample self-ignition in the furnace, combustion temperature and completeness of the quartz reaction with aluminum are determined. The enhancing effects of organic modificators of quartz particle surfaces on the further SH synthesis development are shown.
Epoxy Polymer Gasification under Combustion
Authors: Kolesnikov A.B. , Kolesnikov B.Ya.
Published: April 2016

The processes taking place in the preflame zone at flame spread over the surface of epoxy polymer have been investigated in the present work. It has been shown that heating of yet unignited polymer ahead of flame spreading over the thermally thick samples is done mainly by the heat conduction through condensed phase. The compositions of highly- and hardly-volatile products of gasification are determined in conditions of the preflame zone. It is shown that the main combustible product of gasification is CO (ca. 85 %). The mass rates of gasification and the linear velocities of an injection of gasification products into gas phase of preflame zone have been determined. The complicated aerodynamic structure of the preflame zone with a vortex formation is shown to exist. As a result oxygen gets a free access to a polymer surface and can participate in gasification processes. Experimental simulation of the epoxy polymer gasification processes was carried out in the oxygen-18 enriched atmosphere. The main oxygen-containing product of gasification is shown to be generated both as a result of pyrolysis, and a result of thermooxidation. More than 75 % of carbon dioxide is formed only due to thermooxidative destruction, and 75 - 90 % of carbon oxide is formed only due to pyrolysis. It has been shown that in a course of epoxy polymer gasification in preflame zone the main mass of combustible products is generated by pyrolysis, but an energy for this is mostly supplied by simultaneously occurred exothermal processes of thermooxidation of the near-surface layers of epoxy polymer.
Effect of nickel toxicity on growth parameters and hepatic enzymes in major carp
Authors: Malik Husna , Sajjad Sumera , Akhtar Sobia , Bilal Sana
Published: April 2016

Labeo rohita were used to investigate effect of nickel induced toxicity. For this two groups, control groups (N=50) and experimental groups (N=50) were further divided into group 1-4, on the basis of dosage of nickel and blood sampling. Body weight of animals was noted before and after dose treatment. It was found that body length in the experimental group did not show marked increase throughout experimental period while the effect of nickel toxicity was observed on body weight. The weight of experimental fish decreased in experimental group significantly (p<0.05) from first dose to the last dose. Blood plasma was analyzed for biochemical parameters (Total proteins, AST, ALT, and ALP). AST, ALT and ALP levels increased remarkably in experimental fish as compared to the control one, while the levels of total proteins decreased significantly from group 1-4. Results of the present study suggest hepatotoxicity caused by metal and role of nickel as endocrine disrupter in fish body. Nickel also causes changes in growth parameters of animal by affecting their body weight with increased dosage of metal.