bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and overall survival in all sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rachidi Saleh , Wallace Kristin , Wrangle John M. , Day Terry A. , Alberg Anthony J. , Li Zihai
Published: June 2015

Background

Current prognostic criteria are insufficient in predicting outcomes in head and neck cancer, necessitating new, readily available biomarkers.

Methods

Pretreatment neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and their ratio (NLR) were retrospectively investigated for correlation with overall survival while controlling for demographic and clinical confounders.

Results

Patients in the highest tertile of neutrophil counts and those in the lowest tertile of lymphocytes experienced shorter survival than the rest of the population. Patients in the highest tertile of the NLR were at a higher risk compared with those in the lowest tertile after multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.39; p = .0001). Additionally, NLR was lower in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive tumors compared to HPV‐negative tumors and predicted survival in both tumor types.

Conclusion

Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts are strong biomarkers with opposing prognostic significance and the NLR is a robust predictor of overall survival in oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1068–E1074, 2016
Current perspectives toward the identification of key players in gastric cancer microRNA dysregulation
Authors: Ishimoto Takatsugu , Baba Hideo , Izumi Daisuke , Sugihara Hidetaka , Kurashige Junji , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Tan Patrick
Published: June 2015

Acquired genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal cells give rise to transformed cells, which lead to tumor development. Elucidation of the precise mechanisms underlying primary and metastatic tumor formation is required. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a major role in post‐transcriptional gene regulation during various biological processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of miRNAs is intimately involved in the carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis of many cancers, including gastric cancers (GCs), while the alteration of certain miRNAs provides biomarkers to detect early GCs. This review summarizes the most recent findings into the mechanisms of miRNA‐mediated regulation of GCs, which will support the development of diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies.
Long Vertically Aligned TiO2 Nanotube Electrodes Prepared via Two‐Step Anodization for Highly Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Jae‐Yup , Shin Junyoung , Kim Donghwan , Sung Yung‐Eun , Ko Min Jae
Published: June 2015

Vertically aligned long TiO2 nanotube (NT) electrodes with optimized structures for photovoltaic application were prepared by a two‐step anodization method. The structures of the conventional TiO2 NT electrodes prepared by one‐step anodization became severely bundled and disordered for tube lengths exceeding 20 μm. On the other hand, two‐step anodization resulted in uniform and bundle‐free TiO2 NT electrodes, with tube lengths of up to 38 μm. When used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as photoanodes, the two‐step TiO2 NT electrodes exhibited enhanced short‐circuit current density (Jsc) with increasing tube length, owing to an increased roughness factor, which resulted in high dye loading. However, the dark current and open‐circuit voltage decay (OCVD) curves confirmed that the electron recombination rate increased, and the electron lifetime decreased, with increasing tube length. This reduced electron lifetime resulted in sharp reductions in the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) with increasing tube length. Owing to the trade‐off between the enhanced current density and the reduced electron lifetime, an optimal conversion efficiency of 4.56 % was obtained for a tube length of 29 μm.
Study on the Catalysts Used in the Preparation of Dioctyl Phthalate
Authors: Li Tao‐Ping
Published: June 2015

Sulfuric acid, p‐toluene sulfonic acid, silica gel, alumina gel, aluminum oxide and powdered aluminum were used as catalyst for the preparation of dioctyl phthalate by direct esterification. The effect of these was carefully studied. When sulfuric acid or p‐toluene sulfonic acid was used as catalyst, benzene, toluene, or low boiling fraction of gasoline, was added to the reaction mixture for the removal of water, a yield as high as 95% was attainad by using 2–3% of catalyst and 15% excess of octyl alcohol.

In the case of solid catalyst, powdered aluminum was most satisfactory, the amount of catalyst used being 5%, 92–93% yield was attained. No solvent was used.
Moleculer Orbital Theory of Hyperconjugation. I. Cyclopentadiene, Cycloheptatriene and Toluene
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

The M.O. theory is applied to treat the hyperconjugation in cyclopentadiene, cycloheptatriene and toluene. The results obtained are listed in Table 1, and briefly discussed in relation to the experimental facts.
Separation of Metals by Anion Exchange Resins. I. The Separation of Uranium from Thorium
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao
Published: June 2015

The separation of uranium from thorium by anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA‐400 in ethylenediaminetetraacetate (E. D. T. A.) form was studied. After these two elements were adsorped by the resin in E.D.T.A. form, it was found that thorium could be easily desorbed with dilute solution of ferric acetate but uranium was stable toward this solution. Uranium could be only desorbed with 0.02 N of hydrochloric acid after. it was washed throughly with distilled water. These results were quite contrary to those obtained in aqueous solution by Cobell(1), who reported that the complex formed by uranium with E.D.T.A. was weaker than those of thorium. Advantage was taken of the stronger adsorption of uranium by resins in E.D.T.A. form for the separation of these two elements with quite satisfactory results.
Separation of Metals by Anion Exchange Resins. II. Nitrate Elution Method for the Separation of Thorium from Rare‐Earths
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao , Liu Chia‐Tsung , Chen Tung‐Ho
Published: June 2015

If a mixture of nitrates of thorium, cerium and rare‐earths in 6 N nitric acid was allowed to pass through a column containing anion exchange resins of Amberlite IRA‐400 in nitrate form, thorium could be sharply separated from rare‐earths including cerium. It seemed that thorium might form thoric nitrate complex anion, for they could be retained quantitatively. Although ceric cerium was known to form complex nitrato‐cerate anion in 6 N nitric acid, it could not be retained but was washed out from the column with the other rare‐earths, owing probably to the reduction of ceric ion by the resins.
Microdetermination of Pentose and Furfural by Anthrone Reaction
Authors: Su Jong‐Ching , Ho Hon‐Kai
Published: June 2015

Pure furural, or furfural obtained from pentose by sulfuric acid catalyzed distillation was found to react with anthrone reagent at 0°C. The resulting reaction mixture acquired the characteristic color sufficiently permanent to permit colorimetric determinations. This two‐step anthrone reaction was found to be suited for the estimation of pentose fairly contaminated with hexose. Pure pentose samples were determined successfully by the ferric chloride sensitized one‐step method. The role of ferric chloride in the anthrone reaction of pentose was studied and discussed.
Studies on the Gummy Substances in Taiwan Cane Molasses. I. Precipitation of Gummy Substances at Various pH and Identification of Sugars and Amino Acids in the Gummy Substances by Paper Chromatography
Authors: Hsieh P.T. , Liau Y.H. , Yow Y.L.
Published: June 2015

The influence of the pH on the constituents of the gummy substance, precipitated by addition of ethanol, was investigeted. Paper chromatography was applied for the identification of the carbohydrates in the hydrolyzate of the gummy substance, and the presence of arabinose, galactose, xylose, and uronic acid was confirmed. The identification of amino acids was brought about by paper chromatography. The hydrolyzate gave eighteen spots and ten of them were identified as glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine, lysine, histidine, arginine, alanine, valine, leucine and aspartic acid.
Effect of Some Chemicals on the Production of Citric Acid by Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Wai Ngansiiou
Published: June 2015

For the production of citric acid by fermentation a strain of Aspergillus niger 4022‐15 was used. The composition of the basal culture solution was kept simple and contained only ammonium nitrate, potassium acid phosphate, magnesium sulfate and sucrose. Camphor 1‐2 ppm and zinc sulfate 10‐20 ppm were added to the basal solution to accelerate the production of citric acid. In the favourable condition 46% of sucrose was converted into citric acid.
Sucrose Inversion by Ion‐Exchange Resins (Effects of Salt‐Form Resins on Inversion Rate)
Authors: Hsieh P.T. , Su T.
Published: June 2015

Sucrose in aqueous solution was inverted with IR‐120‐H as catalyst. IR‐120‐K promoted the inversion brought about by IR‐120‐H, and the reaction rate increased almost lineally with increasing concentration of 1R‐120‐K. The effect of incorporating with IRA‐411‐C1 was also studied. With IR‐120‐H as catalyst, the rate of inversion was very slightly decreased by the presence of IRA‐411‐C1, while with IR‐120‐H and IR‐120‐K, the retarding effect seemed much more marked.
Preparation of Butylchlorosilanes and Butyl Silicone Oil
Authors: Cheng S. I. , Chien P. L.
Published: June 2015

Attempt has been made to prepare some butyl silicones by polymerization of the hydrolysis product of butylchlorosilanes which were obtained by the action of the Grignard reagent on silicon tetrachloride.
Separation of Metals by Anion Exchange Resins. III. The Separation of UX1 from Uranyl Nitrate by Nitrate Elution Method
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao
Published: June 2015

Thorium activity of atomic number 234 (UX1,) can be separated by anion exchange method. UX1 can be retained in the resin column of Amberlite IRA 400 in nitrate form when uranyl nitrate in 7.5 N nitric acid solution is allowed to pass through it. Uranyl ion absorbed is washed out of the resin column with the washing solution of nitric acid at the same concentration, while UX1 retained in the column can be recovered simply by using water as an eluent, The experimental results obtained by using batch method as well as column method suggest that the concentration of acid should be kept above 7 N if the recovery of more than 85% of UX1 in original uranyl nitrate solution is desired.

Effects of the presence of anions other than nitrat ion in acid solution were studied by using batch method. The results indicate that, with the exception of phosphate and iodate, the anions under investigation did not produce any perceptible effect. The phosphate and iodate anions exhibited slightly less absorption in the resin phase. The anions studied include the phosphate, sulphate, bromate, iodate, chloride, bromide, iodide and oxalate○
Triterpenoids. II Isolation of Triterpenoid Sapogenins from the Fruits of Barringtonia Racemosa Blume
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Lo Tung‐Bin , Su Su‐Chan
Published: June 2015

Two neutral triterpenoid sapogenins have been isolated from the fruits of Barringtonia racemosa, Blume. One of them, R2‐Barringenol is possibly identical with Barringtogenol (2:3:23:28‐tetra‐hydroxyolean‐12‐ene) and the other, R1‐Barrigenol: C30H50O7, is believed to be a heptahydroxy triterpenoid alcohol and is a member of the β‐amyrin series.
A Qualitative Study on the Color Reactions of Reserpine
Authors: Sun Cheng
Published: June 2015

Reserpine was tested for color reactions with twenty different chemical reagents. Some reagents showed specific color reactions while others responded negatively. All colorations were painted with colors to serve as a record. Both the color changes and the reagents used were described and listed in detail.
Physico‐Chemical Studies on Titanium Complexes. I. A Polarographic Study on Titanium Sulfo‐Salicylate
Authors: Pan Kuan , Lin Zui‐Feng , Shieh Kai‐Tee
Published: June 2015

Results of a preliminary test for the polarographic reduction of titanium (IV) perchlorate, chloride and sulfo‐salicylate are reported. A single wave with half‐wave potentials ranging from −0.78 to −0.91 volts vs S.C.E. in the pH range 1.2‐2.1, is ascribed to the one‐electron irreversible reduction of titanium (IV) perchlorate and chloride complexes. Two waves have been observed in the c.v. curves of titanium (IV) sulfo‐salicylate in the presence of perchloric acid; the first with half‐wave potentials ranging from −0.37 to −0.41 volts vs S.C.E. is attributable to the one‐electron reversible reduction of titanium (IV) sulfo‐salicylate, and the second at −0.93 volt to the irreversible reduction of titanium (IV) perchlorate. Four waves, denoted by I, II, III and IV, with half‐wave potentials of ca. −0.20, −0.56, −0.80 and −1.0 volts vs. S.C.E. have been observed in the c.v. curves of titanium (IV) subsalicylate in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Wave I is the prewave of sulfo‐salicylic acid, wave II is attributable to the one‐electron reversible reduction of titanium(IV)‐sulfo‐salicylate, wave III to the nearly reversible reduction of titanium (IV) chloride, and wave IV to the reduction of basic or polymerized titanium complexes.
Dipole Moments and Hindering Effects of Some N‐Alcohols in N‐Hexane Solution
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan , Tuan Fu‐Tai
Published: June 2015

The dielectric constants, specific volumes and refractive indices of n‐butanol, n‐hexanol and n‐decanol in n‐hexane solution have been measured at 25°C over a range of mole fraction from 0.01 to 0.08.

The Kirkwood equation of dielectric polarisation of polar liquids has been applied to solutions of these alcohols. The dipole moments at infinite dilution μ∞ the moments in the gaseous state μ* and the moments in solution μ have been thus determined. A hindering parameter g was also calculated for solutions of the three alcohols named above in n‐hexane. This parameter is a direct measure of the extent and nature of molecular association. That the deviation of g from unity becomes less pronounced on going from n‐butanol through n‐hexanol to n‐decanol represents a decrease in the degree of hindered rotation with increasing chain length of alcohols.

This was found in essential agreement with the tendency of variation of the slope in the P2‐x3 curves. All the three alcohols exhibit negative deviation of g from unity in n‐hexane solution, and the amount of deviation becomes greater with increasing mole fraction. These may be attributed to the association to polymeric alcohols in such a way as to screen their orientation from one another, leading to configurations with decreasingly smaller resultant moment with increasing concentration.
A Preliminary Study on the Liver Desoxynucleoproteins and Their Components
Authors: Cheng Chung‐Tao , Tu M. H.
Published: June 2015

Desoxyribonuleoprotein was isolated from the liver of hog and duck by Mirsky‐Pollister's procedure with some modifications. After refining the extract, a white gel‐like material was obtained. From this material histones and DNA together with non‐histone protein were isolated by treatment with acid followed by fractional precipitation. The histones were hydrolyzed and the hydrolyzate was analyzed by paper‐chromatographical method. In the hydrolyzate, the presence of 16 amino acids (asp., glu., gly., ala., val., leu., ileu., ser., the., met., pro., phe., tyr., his., lys., and arg.) was identified. Among these the presence of 8 amino acids (asp., gly., leu., pro., try., his., lys., and arg.) was proved by comparing their respective Rf values with the authetic samples, while that of the remaining ones merely by noting their respective Rf values. The relative abundance of these amino acids in the histone was also estimated colorimetrically. The results furnish additional evidence in favor of the hypothesis that liver histones might be organ‐specific.
Spectrophotometric Determination of the Formation Constants of Cerium and Thorium Complexes of Ethylenediametetraacetic Acid
Authors: Kuan Pan , Hseu Tong‐Ming , Wu Ching‐Hsien
Published: June 2015

A systematic ultraviolet spectrophotometric study of the versenate complexes of cerium[III] and thorium[IV] in acidic solutions of various ionic strengths has been made. It has been found that the cerium[III]‐versenate complex in aqueous solution exhibited a characteristic absorbancy maximum at 285 mμ, and that cerium[III] and versenate ion reacted in the ratio of 1:1 to form a complex. The reaction between thorium[IV] and versenate ion has been studied by means of the cerium[III]‐versenate complex as an indicator. The result also indicated that thorium and versenate ion reacted in the 1:1 ratio. The formation constants[log Kf] obtained at ionic strength of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 for the complexes were extrapolated graphically to infinite dilution to give the corresponding thermodynamic constants of 16.75 and 20.13 at 25°C, respectively. For the determination of very small quantities of thorium, the spectrophotometric titration of standard cerium[III]‐versenate complex solution with thorium nitrate solution was performed by using the absorption band of cerium [III]‐versenate complex as an indicator.
Synthesis of Chlorobutanol
Authors: Ho Chih‐Kuo , Wang Tsan‐Ching
Published: June 2015

Chlorobutanol was synthesized by condensing chloroform and acetone in the presence of potassium hydroxide in 28 experiments. The best result was obtained when powdered KOH was added to a mixture of acetone and chloroform, with the mole ratio CHCl3: Me2CO: KOH equal to 1:5:0.27, and the reaction temperature being kept at −5°C to 2°C. The yield attained 66.5% of the theoretical amount.
A Study of the Extraction of Thorium Nitrate With TBP
Authors: Pan Kuan , Chen Ying‐Mao , Lee Shu‐Ti
Published: June 2015

The distribution ratio (q) of the thorium nitrate TBP system has been studied by volumetric determination with EDTA and radiometric determination using UX1 as radio isotope tracer. The q value has been found to be directly affected by the concentration of nitrate and that of TBP. For solutions of the same concentration in nitric acid and sodium nitrate which has been slightly acidified, the latter gives higher q value.
The Oxidation of α, β‐Unsaturated Cyclic Acids by NaIO4‐KMnO4 Couple and KMnO4
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Cheng Yu‐Shia
Published: June 2015

1‐Cyclopentene carboxylic acid (I), 1‐cyclohexene carboxylic acid and (II), and 1‐cycloheptene carboxylic acid (III) were oxidized with NaIO4‐KMnO4 couple and acidic KMnO4. From I succinic acid was the main product and glutaric acid was the minor product. But in the case of II and III, the main products were adipic acid and pimelic acid respectively. Qualitatively there was no difference between NaIO4‐KMnO4 couple and acidic KMnO4 oxidation.
Polyamide Impregnated Paper Chromatography. II Aliphatic Acids and Amides
Authors: Wang Kung‐Tsung
Published: June 2015

Previously developed polyamide impregnated paper chromatography was applied to the aliphatic acids and amides. The Rf values were tabulated.
Paper Electrochromatographic Studies of Some Radioisotopes
Authors: Pan Kuan , Cheng Hwasheng
Published: June 2015

The electromigration behavior of 60Co, 90Sr, 90Y, 134Cs, 144Ce and 152Eu (+154Eu) as a function of pH in 1% citric acid solution has been studied. The cesium ion which migrated toward cathode decreased its mobility linearly as the pH increased. The strontium ion had the electromigration behavior similar to cesium ion up to pH 5 and changed the direction of migration to the anode at pH 4.5; the cobalt and rare earth ions, having the similar behavior, changed their ionic charges at pH's 2.2 to 3.2, respectively. By taking adventage of such behavior, cesium could be separated from bi‐ and tervalent metal ions at any pH value, whereas yttrium could be separated from strontium ions, and rare earth from cobalt ions only at low pH values.
Physico‐Chemical Studies of Hinokitiol. III. A Spectrophotometric Study of Titanium Complex of Hinokitiol
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming
Published: June 2015

A spectrophotometric study of complex formation between titanium (IV) and hinokitiol (β‐isoproyl tropolone) was made over a pH range of 1.15 to 5.60 at 25°. In a 50% dioxane‐water medium, a soluble yellow complex was formed between Ti (IV) and hinokitiol, which had two absorption maxima at 383 mμ and 335mμ. The optimum pH was 3.50 to 3.70 and the mole ratio of Ti (IV) to hinokitiol was 1 to 3. Its stability constant was found to be 8.99×1028 at ionic strength 0.01, and the chemical formula was presumed to be [TiOH(C10H11O2)3]0. By using the wave length of 383 mμ, determination of trace amount of titanium (IV) with the sensitivity of 0.036 r/cm2 was possible.
Direct Complexometric Titration of Zirconium with Versene Using Gallein as Indicator
Authors: Sun Peng‐Joung
Published: June 2015

Gallein (pyrogallolphthalein) has been first introduced as a metal indicator in the complexometric titration with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and successfully applied to the titration of zirconium. A method for the direct titration of zirconium with Versene (the disodium salt of EDTA) was proposed. A soluble complex of 1:1 zirconium‐Versene was formed during titration. Gallein indicator changed its color from orange red to a clear golden yellow at the end point. Stoichiometric results were brought about within the pH range 0.5∼1.6. The sharpest color change was around pH 1.0. The titration was carried out in hydrochloric acid medium. The effect of the presence of various foriegn ions in approximately equimolar proportions on the titration was observed. Forty‐eight ions were tested. Among these only the following were found to interfere: antimony (III), cerium (IV), chromate, fluoride, iron (III), molybdenum (III), molybdate, oxalate, permanganate, phosphate, sulfate, tartrate, tin (II, IV), titanium (III) and vanadate.
Separation of Carrier‐Free Yttrium‐90 from Strontium‐90 a Radiocolloidal Method
Authors: Cheng Hwasheng
Published: June 2015

The separation of 90Y from 90Sr was carried out by ethanol‐ and methanol‐water systems from NH4‐form Dowex 50‐X4 columns. Maximum fractions of radiocolloidal 90Y was eluted by using 50% solvent solutions. Using 20, 50, and 80% aqueous ethanol as solvent, the eluted activities were 2, 18 and 13% respectively, and with 20, 50 and 80% aqueous methanol, the activities were 2, 7, and 4% respectively. Fractional conversion of ionic yttrium to radiocolloids was observed and the anormal adsorption of radiocolloids in the column was thought to be due to the growing agglomerates retained in the canals in the resin beads.
Isolation of Actinomycetes and Purification of its Antibiotic. II. Isolation and Properties of Crystalline Antibiotic
Authors: Lil Peh‐Wung , Chiu Teh‐Hsing
Published: June 2015

The isolation of the antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fimicarius 007 was carried out by extracting the culture filtrate with ethyl acetate followed by evaporating off the solvent. The crude antibiotic thus obtained, after extraction with petroleum ether, was dissolved in benzene and chromatographed through alumina column with a mixture of acetone and benzene as effluent. The crystalline antibiotic was obtained from the acetone solution by gradual addition of petroleum ether. The purified product crystallized in vermillion platelets. Its alcoholic solution showed strong absorption bands at 450–454 mμ and 232–241 mμ. The properties of this antibiotic was found to be very similar to those of actinomycins. It is surmised that the antibiotic might be a kind of actinomycin.
A Study of the Silver‐Silver Selenite Electrode
Authors: Lin Jeong‐Long , Pan Kuan
Published: June 2015

The electromotive force of the cell,

Pt/NaHSeO3, QH/Ag2SeO3(s)−Ag

has been calculated from the cells,

Hg‐Hg2Cl2(s)/KCl(satd.)/KNO3(m)/NaHSeO3(m)/Ag2SeO3(s)‐Ag,

and Hg‐Hg2Cl2(s)/KCl(satd.)/KNO3(m)/NaHSeO3(m), QH/Pt at 25°C in concentrations of sodium biselenite, ranging from 10−2 to 10−3 M.

The standard potential of Ag‐Ag2SeO3/SeO3 = electrode has been determined as E°= −0.3629 volt. The solubility‐product constant of silver slenite and the activity coefficient of selenous acid at varying concentrations have been evaluated.
Physico‐Chemical Studies of Hinokitiol. IV. Spectrophotometric Study of the Chelate Compounds of the Group IVB Metals with Hinokitiol
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming
Published: June 2015

Stability constants of titanium (IV), zirconium and thorium‐hinokitiolate chelates have been calculated from spectrophotometric data in 50% ethanol‐water solution at 25°. It has been found that the stability constant and the optimum pH of the various metal chelates increase with the increase in the atomic number of metals. The order of stability for the metals is the same as that found for other types of coordinating agents. Zirconium and thorium combine with four hinokitiolate ions, while titanium (IV) combines with only two hinokitiolate ions to form a chelate compound. A list of molar absorption coefficients is given and the photometric sensitivities of these metals with hinokitiol were determined.
Analytical Studies of Dipicrylamine. I. pH‐Metric Study of Dipicrylaminate
Authors: Lin Zui‐Feng
Published: June 2015

Dipicrylaminate can be determined by pH‐metric titration with strong mineral acids in aqueous solution. The end point is sharp if the concentration of dipicrylaminate exceeds 10−3M. The reaction consists of the replacement of metal ion by hydrogen ion.

The solubility product, Ksp, and the dissociation constant, Ka of dipicrylamine were evaluated from the titration data. pH‐metric kinetic study of the recombination of dipicrylaminate ion with hydrogen ion was also carried out, from which the specific reaction rate constant was evaluted.
The Constituents of the Chinese Drug “Jin‐Sen” Panax Ginseng C. A. Mey
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang
Published: June 2015

A preliminary result of the chemical study of the constituents of the extractive of Ginseng was reported. Stigtnasterol was identified from the ether soluble fraction and two crystalline genins were obtained from the saponin fraction. One of them was identified as oleanolic acid.
Studies of the Solution Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in the Aqueous Solution of Partially Acetylated Polyvinyl Alcohol. V. The Radiation‐Induced Graft Copolymerization
Authors: Lin Chen‐Chong
Published: June 2015

Graft copolymerization is induced to a considerable extent when vinyl acetate is polymerized in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol or partially acetylated polyvinyl alcohol under gamma irradiation. Such γ‐induced graft copolymerization is affected by hydroquinone. The graft efficiency,fac, increases as PVA concentration is increased. However, it reaches a critical value at 4% and decreases again in more concentrated solutions. On the other hand, the graft efficiency,fa, decreases with increasing PVA concentration. It is found thatfacdecrease with increasing field intensity of irradiation at a definite total exposure dose. The mechanism consistent with these observations is presented.
Oxidation Potential of the Cerous‐Ceric Electrode in Dilute Sulfuric Acid Solutions
Authors: Pan Kuan , Hsieh Kai‐Tee , Ting Chen‐Hanson
Published: June 2015

The oxidation potential of the Ce(III)‐Ce(IV) couple in sulfuric acid over the concentration range of 0.05 to 0.5F was observed at 25°C by using the Pt‐PbO2/PbSO4, SO4 = electrode as the reference electrode. The free energy change for the reaction 2Ce+3 + PbO2 + 4H+ + SO4 = 2Ce+4+PbSO4+2H2O was estimated.
Polarisability of Some Organic Liquids from Polarisation at Optical Frequency
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan , Lue Ping‐Chang
Published: June 2015

Refractive indices of a series of binary solutions: water‐p‐dioxane, p‐dioxan‐ethyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol‐chloroform, p‐dioxane‐cyclohexane and cyclohexane‐aniline, were measured to determine polarisability of the related organic liquids with the use of Böttcher's formula for refraction of mixture, on the basis of water data obtained by the liquid‐temperature method.
Study of the Nature of Silicon in Rice Hull. II. Polymerizing Tendency of the Dissolved Silanolates
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh
Published: June 2015

Aqueous solution of soluble silanolates from rice hull, kept at varying pH values, were deionized. Solid insoluble polymerization products were invariably obtained. Attempts were made to inhibit the polymerization and to enable the isolation of lower polymers by the use of trimethychlorosilane. But the results indicated that polymerization had taken place to a great extent before the latter reagent could convert the silanolates to non‐polymerizable products.
Methylsilyl Derivatives of Some Terpene Alcohols
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Rei Bing‐Hon
Published: June 2015

Six new methylsilyl derivatives were prepared from geraniol, citronellol, and menthol.
Essential Oils, XI. A New Type of Perilla Oil Containing Dillapiole as the Main Constituent
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Hsien
Published: June 2015

A new species of perilla grass tentatively termed “Perilla dillapioliferum Yeh,” afforded, on steam distillation, 0.1‐0.15% essential oil containing 0‐3% dipentene (VI), 0‐3% methyleugenol (X), 24% α‐ and β‐caryophyllenes (VII) and 63.3% dillapiole (XII).

This is the first perilla oil which has been ever found to contain an aromatic compound as its main constituent. It is also noted that P. dillapioliferum occupies taxonomically a unique position, as differing from all hitherto known species of Perilla plants.
Chromatographic Fractionation of Non‐Nitrogenous Organic Acids in Taiwan Sugar Cane by Silica Gel Column
Authors: Hsieh Po‐Tung , Huang I‐Yih , Shih Tuo‐Shi , Huang Kuo‐Hong
Published: June 2015

Partition chromatography on silica gel columns has been applied to isolate and identify some of the hitherto undetected non‐nitrogenous organic acids present in sugar cane juice. In this experiment, nine organic acids were identified from Taiwan sugar cane, F 127 and N:CO 310, and eight of them from F 126. They are mesaconic, syringic, fumaric, succinic, aconitic, glycolic, malic, citric and oxalic acid. Among these, mesaconic acid was not identified by comparing with the authentic acid, but was indirectly identified from the position of its peak effluent volume. Though the crystal of syringic acid could not be obtained, the position of its peak was definitely identified by that of the authentic acid‐Other acids were identified by the mesurement of their respective Rf values, the microphotographs of the crystal shape, and the determination of the melting points.

According to the results, the recovery of all the non‐nitrogenous organic acids present in the sugar cane was almost quantitative with the exception of oxalic acid, the result of which was obviously erratic. Other acids were recovered with excellent rates ranging from 96.9% to 102% In three varieties of sugar cane, F 126, F 127 and N:CO 310, the aconitic acid was the highest content, those of citric, glycolic, malic and oxalic acid came next. The contents of the other acids were comparatively low.
A Polarographic Study of Gallein
Authors: Sun Peng‐Joung , Pan Kuan , Yew Fu‐Hsie , Huang Teh‐Shoon
Published: June 2015

Gallein was polarographically studied in 40% ethanol solutions containing sodium carbonate or poassium biphthalate buffers at varying pH's. A well‐defined polarographic wave with E1/2 ranging from −0.50 to −0.70 volt (S. C. E.) was observed in the pH. region 2∼ 6.6 while two waves with E1/2 at −1.2 and −1.5 volts (S. C. E.) were observed in the pH region of 8.3 to 10.2 at 25°C.

The former corresponds to a one‐electron reversible reaction while the latter ones may be irreversible.

Gallein was polarographically determined in 40% ethanol solution over the concentration range of 3×10−4 to 2×10−5 molar.
Polarographic Determination of Germanium
Authors: Pan Kuan , Sun Peng‐Joung , Wong Wen‐Kuei
Published: June 2015

Germanium was polarographically determined in NH4OH‐NH4Cl buffer of pH 9.2 on the one hand, and in 40% ethanol solutions containing the same buffer and an excess of gallein on the other hand. The optimum concentration range for the determination of germanium was 2×10−6 to 5×10−4 molar in the former case, and 5×10−5 to 1×10−3 molar in the latter case.
Fractionation of Polvinyl Chloride
Authors: Yeh Si Jung , Chen Tsang Jan
Published: June 2015

In order to investigate the effect. of high energy irradiation on polyvinyl chloride, an attempt was made to examine the molecular weight distribution of polyvinyl chloride manufactured by the Formosan Plastic Co., using two solvent systems; cyclohexanone‐acetone‐methanol and mesityl oxide‐acetone‐methanol. The polyvinyl chloride was fractionated at 25°C with precipitation method into many fractions. It was found that for the preparation of fractions for the study of radiation effect, the solvent system cyclohexanone‐acetone‐methanol is preferred, because the solvent system mesityl oxide‐acetone‐methanol failed to give a good fractionation for higher molecular weight fractions of polyvinyl chloride. The molecular weight distribution of polyvinyl chloride was also discussed.
Study of the Radioactivity of Hokutolite
Authors: Hamaguchi Hiroshi , Lee Yuan‐Tseh , Cheng Hwa‐Sheng
Published: June 2015

Radioactive equilibria in the hot spring sediment, Hokutolite, were studied, There were carried out the determination of the activity ratio of U‐series to Th‐series, and the accurate determination of the contents of the U‐series and Th‐series by absolute counting of β‐rays by using constant geometry method. The following nuclides were detected:

Pb210 and Pb212 in the lead‐portion,

Br210 and Bi212 in the bismuth‐portion,

Ac28 in the hydroxide‐portion.

it was shown that the radioactive series in Hokutolite starts from Ra and the activity ratio of U‐series to Th‐series is close to 4. The Ra‐content of the Hokutolite was estimated as 1.5× 10∼11 g/g.
Polyamide Thin‐Layer Chromatography, II. Application to Phenolic Constituents of Some Conifers
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Wang Kung‐Tsung , Lin Yaw‐San
Published: June 2015

The phenolic part from the essential oil of Chamaecyparis taiwanensis Masamune et Suzuki, extractives of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. and Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay. were studied by using polyamide thin‐layer chromatography. The presence of chamaecin, chamenol, thymol, carvacrol, m‐isopropylphenol and p‐cresol in the essential oil of Chamaecyparis taiwanensis Masamune et Suzuki was confirmed. Carvacrol, o‐isopropylphenol, m‐isopropylphenol, o‐cresol and p‐cresol were also detected from extractives of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. The chromatogram of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay. showed the presence of 12 spots. Among these, the spot with Rf value 0.37 was identified as Taiwanin B and that with Rf. value 0.80 as Taiwanin D.
Reaction of Disodiosuccinosuccinic Ester with Halogen Compounds. III. Reaction between Ethyl γ‐Bromocrotonate and Ethyl Disodiosuccinosuccinate
Authors: Chang Daniel Y. , Hee Cho
Published: June 2015

The reaction between ethyl γ‐bromocrotonate and disodiosuccinosuccinic ester has been investigted. The condensation product, on hydrolysis, gave a tetracarboxylic acid which, unlike other β‐ ketonic acids, was resistant to decarboxylation. This is discussed in connection with the decarboxylation of β‐ketonic acids in general.
Szilard‐Chalmers Reaction with Copper Chelates
Authors: Yeh Si Jung , Yin Moon‐Lung , Chou Jing Liang
Published: June 2015

Four copper compounds, bis‐acetylacetone‐Cu(II) (A), bis‐dibenzoylmethane‐Cu(II) (B), acetylacetoneethylenediimine‐Cu(II) (C) and benzoylacetoneethylenediimimine‐Cu(II) (D) have been prepared and used as the targets in carrying out Szilard‐Chalmers process to investigate the feasibility for the enrichment of Cu‐64. Both solvent extraction method and re‐precipition method were used to separate the enriched Cu‐64. It was observed that no enrichment was brought about in the operations with compounds (A) and (B) under the condition studied. With compounds (C) and (D) however, enrichment factors of the order of 200–400 and 70–90, respectivery, were observed.
Photometric Studies of Bivalent Metal Chelates
Authors: Hwang Mei‐Wei
Published: June 2015

The phosphorescence Spectra of pure oxine and bivalent oxinates, namely, magnesium, calcium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead were studied at 77°K in rigid glass solution for the purpose of evaluating their phosphorescence efficiencies as related to the atomic number which permit qualitative deduction to be made in regard to the magnetic susceptibility and greater orbital interaction with atoms of higher atomic number (Z). Certain qualitative information on metal bonding, based on their comparative intensities of phosphorescence is presented.

The solvent mixtures used for phosphorescence studies were EP (1:1), EPA (1:2:8) and EPAF (6:5:3:0.5). The absorption spectra of both the pure solvents and the mixtures mentioned above were studied at room temperature for the purpose of characterizing the type of transition. They all showed appreciable red shifts and were then interpreted in terms of π‐π triplet transition.
Infra‐Red Absorption Spectra of O‐Methylsilyl Derivatives of Some Alcohols and p‐Xylenol
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh
Published: June 2015

Infrared spectra of O‐methylsilylderivatives of n‐pentanol, isopentanol, geraniol, citronellol, and menthol, all previously unknown, are reported. Similiar derivatives of p‐xylenol have also been examined.
Extraction of Itaconic Acid from Aqueous Solution by Ion Exchange Method
Authors: Tsao June C. Y. , Huang Ting‐Chia
Published: June 2015

The extraction of itaconic acid from aqueous solution by the ion exchange method has been studied.

With the anion exchange resin Amberlite IR‐45(OH) both ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide can be used as effective elutriants and can concentrate the itaconic acid solution to three fold in a single run.

Sodium hydroxide is comparatively a better elutriant than ammonium hydroxide.

More concentrated elutriants (about 4N NH4OH and 3N NaOH) give sharper peaks and narrower ranges under the peaks of the elution curves and complete the elution to 96–99% at an earlier stage than the dilute ones.
A Rapid Method for the Determination of Invert Sugar in the Presence of Large Amounts of Sucrose
Authors: Hwang Mei‐Wei
Published: June 2015

A new modified Fehling's solution with pH 10.7 has been prepared for the determination of reducing sugar by means of Eynon‐Lane method in the presence of large amounts of sucrose. The amount of reducing sugar ranging from 14.4% to 0.03% in the presence of 5–20 g of sucrose per 100 ml can be determined. The titre and concentration of reducing sugar relation may be expressed by the equation y=bx‐m.
Study of the Extractive Constituents from the Wood of Libocedrus Formosana, Florin. V. The Structures of Shonanic Acid and Isoshonanic Acid
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Lo Tung‐Bin , Cheng Yu‐Shia
Published: June 2015

The structures of shonanic acid and isoshonanic acid were determined as 4, 4‐dimethylcyclohepta‐2, 5‐dienecarboxylic acid and 4, 4‐dimethylcyclohepta‐5, 7‐dienecarboxylic acid, respectively, by degradative studies and spectroscopic data.
Determination of Bromine and Iodine in Sodium Glutamate by Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Cheng Hwa‐Sheng , Ke Chiung‐Huei , Lin Ching‐Yü
Published: June 2015

The contents of Br and I in commercial sodium glutamate and cassava flour were determined by neutron activation analsis at the Tsing Hua Reactor. The conventional carbon tetrachloride extraction method was employed for the analysis of these elements. It was found that the content of Br varied widely between 0.003 and 0.1 ppm, while that of I varied between 0.06 and 0.7 ppm, in six samples of sodium glutamate. Two samples of cassava flour were found to contain 0.1 and 0.2 ppm of Br, and 0.02 and 0.04 ppm. of I, respectively. The higher contents of these elements in come glutamate samples as compared with the raw material was considered to be the contamination from chemicals used in the production processes.
Analysis of Taiwan Petroleum Coke
Authors: Chu Shu‐Kung , Chen Ming‐Tang
Published: June 2015

Petroleum cokes, made from gas oil fraction of crude oil produced in different oil fields in Taiwan, were analyzed in ppm level for boron, vanadium, titanium, iron, calcium, aluminium, magnesium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, and copper.
The Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis Masamune et Suzuki. V. The Identity of Chamaecin with 4‐Isopropylsalicylaldehyde
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Wang Kung‐Tsung , Chang Luan‐Ho
Published: June 2015

Chamaecin was confirmed to be 4‐isopropylsalicylaldehyde by comparison with the synthetic compound, which was prepared by the oxidation of carvacrol methyl ether with manganese dioxide in 30% sulfuric acid followed by the hydrolysis with alumnium bromide incarbon disulfide solution.
Study of the Extractive Constituents from the Wood of Libocedrus Formosana, Florin. VI. Thin‐Layer Chromatography of Tropolones
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Liu Kwang‐Ting
Published: June 2015

The technique of thin‐layer chromatography has been applied to the separation and identification of some tropolones on phosphoric acid impregnated, non‐bound cellulose powder. This method is simple, rapid and effective, Rj‐values of ten natural occurring tropolones are reported. The presence of ϵ‐thujaplicinol, ϵ‐ and γ‐thujaplicin in the wood extract of Libocedrus formosana is identified.
Intermolecular Association in Terms of Polarization at Optical Frequency. II. Chloroform‐Acetone and Diethyl Ether‐Chloroform
Authors: Ke Jenn , Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

Inter‐molecular association in the chloroform‐acetone and diethyl ether‐chloroform systems was studied in terms of polarization at optical frequency, of which the theory had been developed in the previous paper.

In the chloroform‐acetone system, the association ratio of acetone to chloroform was found to be 1:1 and 1:2 corresponding to the formation of the intermolecular associaton complexes AB and AB2 where A stands for acetone and B for chloroform.

While in the case of the diethyl ether‐chloroform system, only complex of 1:1 association ratio was detected.

The polarizability constants and collision radii of these association complexes were determined experimentally.
The Szilard‐Chalmers Enrichment of Iron‐59
Authors: Chang Chau‐Ting , Lin Chien‐Chang
Published: June 2015

Iron‐59 with high specific radioactivity was obtained by means of Szilard‐Chalmers process. Enrichment factor of as high as 750 was attained when potassium ferrocyanide was used as target material and was irradiated at a neutron flux of 1.8×1012 n/sec‐cm2 for 100 hours. However, a lower factor of 130 was obtained when potassium ferricyanide was used instead. Both precipitation and direct extraction with isopropyl ether in hydrochloric acid solution were employed as means of separation. The relation between irradiation time, enrichment factor and specific activity was also investigated. The radiative decomposition constants of potassium ferrocyanide and ferricyanide were estimated.
Sorption of Stontium‐90 by Soil
Authors: Cheng Hwa‐Sheng
Published: June 2015

The removal of Sr‐90 by various clay deposits at pH values ranging from 0 to 14 shows slightly less effective than radiocesium uptake. The radiostrontium uptake by Red and Yellow soil is greatly affected by the foreign cations (0.01 N). Yellow soil is particularly suited for the removal of Sr‐90.
Sorption of Radioeuropium by Soil
Authors: Cheng Hwa‐Sheng
Published: June 2015

The removal of radiouropium (Eu‐152, 4) is practically complete at the pH values greater than 4 by the seven clay deposits studied. The chemical properties of the radioeuropium rather than the nature of the sorbing matrices are the determining factor in its decontamination. The effect of competition toward radioeuropium uptake from solutions by, and extraction of sorbed radioeuropium from, Yellow and Red soil by various cations (0.01N) have been studied.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Thujic Acid
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

Proton magnetic resonance spectrum of thujic acid was studid at 60 MC. Ethylenic proton spectra appeared in the range of 2.35T‐4.89T These are of interest from the point of view of structure determination. The proton spin‐spin coupling constants were determined to be 10.0 cps for double‐bonded vicinal protons, and 6.8 cps for single‐bonded vicinal protons. Two barely resolved quartets suggest the spin‐spin coupling between H1 and H0 for which the value was found to be 1.2 cps.
Essential Oils. XIII. Formosan Spearmint Oils. 2. The Spearmint Oils from “Ryan‐Fong” Variety and Japanese Improved Variety
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Hsien
Published: June 2015

Two varieties of spearmint grasses were collected to determine the yields of the essntial oil as well as the chemical constituents of the oil.

The annual production of the Japanese improved variety grass was about 10,000–18,000 kg/ha. and that of the essential oil was about 20 kg/ha. The oil is mainly composed of 53.4% (—)‐carvone and 27.5% (—)‐limonene.

The annual production of the Ryan‐Fong variety grass was about 30,000 kg/ha. which in turn yielded about 80 kg/ha of the essential oil. The oil contains 5% (—)‐limonene, 60% pulegone, and 30% rotundifolone.

The ultraviolet spectrum of rotundifolone semicarbazone in methanol showed maxima at 273–274 m μ., which was slightly different from the value reported by Indian investigator. The reason for it was inquired.
Dimethyldixylenoxysilanes
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Ho Chin‐Hsia
Published: June 2015

Four isomeric dimethyldixylenoxy silanes have been synethesized, some of their physical constants determined.
Kinetic Studies of the Oxidation of Iodine with Ceric Sulfate.
Authors: Pan Kuan , Chen Schoen‐Nan
Published: June 2015

The Oxidation of iodine by ceric sulfate in sulfuric acid solution has been found to be of second‐order with respect to iodine and first‐order with respect to Ce(IV), by spectrophotometric measurements. CeSO4+2 was assumed to be the active species of ceric sulfate. The over‐all rate constants were found to be k0=2.66x IC4 l2/M2Imin for the reaction rate, ‐d[I2]/dt=k0[C3 (IV)][I2]2 in 1.0 M H2SO4 and K″ = 1.12×108 I2/M2·min for the reaction rate, ‐d[I2]/dt=k′[CeSO42+] [I2]2.
Polarisability of Some Organic Liquids from Polarisation at Optical Frequency III Benzene, Acetic Acid and Ethyl Acetate
Authors: Lin Ching‐Erh , Lue Ping‐Chang , Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

Refractive indices of several binary solution systems including cyclohexane‐benzene, benzene‐acetic acid, benzene‐ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride‐acetic acid and carbon tetrachloride‐ethyl acetate were measured by means of inter‐ferometer. Polarisability constant and collision radius of benzene, acetic acid and ethyl acetate were determined in the light of the theory advanced in the previous paper(1,4).
Dissociation Constants and Chelate Stability Constants of Some Substituted 8‐Hydroxyquinolines
Authors: Chang Tiao‐Hsu , Lin Ju‐Te , Chou Tsan‐Inn , Yang Shei‐Kwei
Published: June 2015

The acid dissociation constants of substituted 8‐hydroxyquinolines and the stability constants of their chelates with Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) have been determined. The Calvin‐Bjerrum potentiometric titration technique was used in studying the behavior of these substances.
3, 3‐Bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐2, 2, 4, 4‐tetramethyl‐2, 4‐disilapentane
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh
Published: June 2015

3, 3‐Bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐2, 2, 4, 4‐tetramethyl‐2, 4‐disilapentane was synthesized by the reaction of carbon [tetrachloride and trimethylchlorosilane in tetrahydrofuran with lithium metal. 3‐Tri‐methylsilyl‐2, 2, 4,‐4‐tetramethyl‐2,4‐disilapentane was also found as byproduct.
Polarographic Behavior of Germanium(II)‐Perchlorate in Perchloric Acid Solutions
Authors: Pan Kuan , Fu Yi‐Chang , Huang Teh‐Shoon
Published: June 2015

Ge(II)‐perchlorate was prepared in perchloric acid solution. Two polarographic waves were observed in HClO4 at various H3O+ ion concentrations at 25°C. The cathode wave with E1/2=—0.34 volt vs. S. C. E. is ascribed to the reduction, Ge+++2e=Ge. The value of ia/Cm2/3/1/6 is 3.3 at 25°C. The reaction rate for the oxidation of Ge(II) to Ge(IV) in perchloric acid solution was found to be of first‐order with respect to [Ge(II)] in the H3O+ ion concentration range of 6∼7 N.