bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoinfanticide Is No Biggie: The Reinstatement Reply to Vihvelin
Authors: Hanley Richard Mark
Published: October 2021

David Lewis’s attempt to defuse grandfather paradoxes consistently without special restrictions on the ability of time travelers to act in the past is controversial. Kadri Vihvelin uses the case of possible autoinfanticide—killing one’s infant self—to argue on Lewisian grounds that Lewis is wrong, since all counterfactual attempts at autoinfanticide would fail. I present a new defense of Lewis against Vihvelin premised on the possibility of personal reinstatement, where a person who dies prematurely is replicated from information collected from a previous live scan. I argue on Lewisian grounds that in a Vihvelin case where Suzy does not attempt to kill Baby Suzy, Vihvelin has not shown that Suzy would have failed had she tried to kill Baby Suzy. For, Baby Suzy might have been reinstated. Hence, even granting Vihvelin’s own assumptions, a Lewisian can assert that Suzy can kill Baby Suzy. Reinstatement does not require a “big” miracle; so autoinfanticide is no biggie.
The Extended Merge Hypothesis and the Fundamental Principle of Grammar
Authors: Hornstein Norbert
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the main minimalist theory within the Minimalist Program, something I dub the (Weak) Merge Hypothesis (MH). (1) The (Weak) Merge Hypothesis (MH): Merge is a central G operation. I suggest that we extend (1) by adding to it a general principle that I dub the Fundamental Principle of Grammar (FPG). (2) The Fundamental Principle of Grammar (FPG): α and β can be grammatically related. (G-related) only if α and β have merged. Adding (1) and (2) gives us the Strong Merge Hypothesis. (3) The Strong Merge Hypothesis (SMH): All grammatical dependencies are mediated by Merge. SMH has some interesting consequences which the rest of the paper briefly reviews. Highlights include the Movement Theory of Construal, The Periscope Property on selection, as well as preserving the standard results from the Weak Merge Hypothesis.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Structured Light Coherence
Authors: Korotkova Olga , Gori Franco
Published: October 2021

Statistical optics, and optical coherence in particular, developed into a stand-alone branch of physical optics in the second half of the 20th century and has found a number of ground-breaking applications in astronomical measurements, medical diagnostics, environmental remote sensing, and wireless communications [...]
Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Citrus unshiu Peel (CUP) Flavonoids on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Karthikeyan Adhimoolam , Kim Hun Hwan , Preethi Vetrivel , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Lee Ki Ho , Kalaiselvi Senthil , Kim Gon Sup , Min Taesun
Published: October 2021

Citrus unshiu is a popular medicinal herb in several Asian countries, in particular South Korea. C. unshiu peel (CUP) has several biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. Hence, this research aimed to label the flavonoids from CUP by HPLC-MS/MS analysis and examine their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. A total of four flavonoids (Rutin, naringin, hesperidin, and poncirin) were characterized, and their contents were quantified from CUP. It showed that the naringin is rich in CUP. Further, treatment with the flavonoids at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/mL had no effect on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the other hand, it decreased the production and expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX2 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, flavonoids treatment inhibited the NF-κB activation by downregulating the p-p65 and p-IκBα proteins expression. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production considerably decreased at the same concentrations while antioxidant enzyme activity increased in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Collectively, our results show that CUP flavonoids have the potential to decrease inflammation and oxidative damage.
Comparison of Silicon-Evoked Responses on Arsenic Stress between Different Dular Rice Genotypes
Authors: Boorboori Mohammad Reza , Li Zhou , Yan Xue , Dan Mu , Zhang Zhixing , Lin Wenxiong , Fang Changxun
Published: October 2021

Arsenic is one of the most hazardous metalloids in nature, and due to its high water solubility, it is one of the most important causes of pollution. However, silicon reduces the uptake and transport of arsenic in rice. This study investigates the interaction of different arsenic and silicon levels on dry weight, protein content, and concentrations of arsenic and silicon in two different rice shoots and roots of Dular wild-type (DU-WT) and Dular Lsi1-overexpressed (DU-OE) rice. It should be noted that all seedlings were subjected to four different treatments. For RNA-seq and qPCR, the DU-WT genotype was selected as the control and DU-OE as the treatment. With the addition of silicone treatment, dry weight and protein content in the shoots and roots of both rice lines were increased, while the concentration of arsenic in these two organs was decreased. When seedlings were exposed to arsenic treatments, protein content, silicon concentration, and dry weight were decreased in both roots and shoots, while arsenic concentration was increased in both rice genotypes. The RNA-seq in DU-OE showed 5823 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2604 were up-regulated and 3219 down-regulated. Treatment of rice by arsenic and silicon has changed the expression of genes encoding cytokinin-responsive GATA transcription factor 1, protein IN2-1 homolog B, calcium-binding EGF domain-containing protein, Os01g0369700 protein, probable glutathione S-transferase GSTU1, glutathione S-transferase protein, Os09g0367700 protein, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP), and Os08g0522400 protein in the root of DU-OE. The present study’s findings showed that in the presence of silicon, the transgenic genotype is much more resistant to arsenic than the wild genotype of Dular rice.
Bioactive Compounds in Sarcocornia and Arthrocnemum, Two Wild Halophilic Genera from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Sánchez-Gavilán Irene , Ramírez Chueca Esteban , de la Fuente García Vicenta
Published: October 2021

(1) Background: this study describes bioactive compounds in the following halophytes: Sarcocornia (S. alpini, S. pruinosa, and S. perennis) and Arthrocnemum (A. macrostachyum). The material comes from: coastal marshes in Tinto River, Guadiana River, and some interior provinces from the Iberian Peninsula. (2) Methods: the techniques used were Folin–Ciocalteu, GC-MS, and ESI-MS/MS. (3) Results: Five phenolic acids were found in Sarcocornia: trans-cinnamic, salicylic, veratric, coumaric, and caffeic acids. In addition, in Arthronemum, ferulic acid was also detected. The obtained flavonoids were cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, dihydroquercetin, and p-coumaroyl-glucoside. They also presented fatty acids, such as palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids in Sarcocornia, while palmitic, linolenic, and stearic acids were the main fatty acids in A. macrostachyum. (4) Conclusions: the high diversity of the compounds identified confirms the relation between nutritional interest and salt tolerance in halophytes.
Developing Novel Rice Genotypes Harboring Specific QTL Alleles Associated with High Grain Yield under Water Shortage Stress
Authors: Abdelrahman Mohamed , Selim Mahmoud E. , ElSayed Mahmoud A. , Ammar Megahed H. , Hussein Fatma A. , ElKholy Neama K. , ElShamey Essam A. , Khan Naeem , Attia Kotb A.
Published: October 2021

Rice is considered a strategic crop for many countries around the world, being the main cash crop for farmers. Water shortage stress occurrence as a result of climate change is among the main threats challenging rice breeders in the last few decades. In the current study, 19 Fn-lines were developed from four populations by crossing a reverse thermo-responsive genic male sterile (rTGMS) line, M.J.5460S, with the three high-quality Egyptian commercial cultivars Giza177, Sakha105, Sakha106 and the promising line GZ7768 as male parents. These newly developed lines, along with their parents, and two water shortage stress-tolerant international genotypes (Azucena and IRAT170), were cultivated under water-shortage stress conditions and compared with their performance under well-watered conditions. Results indicated that the yielding ability of the 19 newly developed lines exceeded those for the two Egyptian parents (Giza177 and Sakha105) under well-watered conditions. The lines M.J5460S/GIZA177-3 and M.J5460S/GIZA177-12 were the best performing genotypes under water shortage stress conditions. The genetic and heritability in broad sense estimates indicated that direct selection for grain yield (GY) under water-shortage stress is highly effective in the current study. Molecular marker analysis revealed that M.J5460S/GIZA177-3 had accumulated the quantitative trait loci (QTL)s, on the chromosomes 2, 3, and 9, which contribute to GY under water-shortage stress from their high yielding tolerant ancestor, M.J5460S. It could be concluded that those lines are high yielding under both well-watered and water-stress conditions harboring several QTLs for yield enhancement under both conditions and that the markers RM555, RM14551, RM3199, RM257, RM242, and RM410 are among the markers that could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs for such stress condition.
Breeding Canola (Brassica napus L.) for Protein in Feed and Food
Authors: So Kenny K. Y. , Duncan Robert W.
Published: October 2021

Interest in canola (Brassica napus L.). In response to this interest, scientists have been tasked with altering and optimizing the protein production chain to ensure canola proteins are safe for consumption and economical to produce. Specifically, the role of plant breeders in developing suitable varieties with the necessary protein profiles is crucial to this interdisciplinary endeavour. In this article, we aim to provide an overarching review of the canola protein chain from the perspective of a plant breeder, spanning from the genetic regulation of seed storage proteins in the crop to advancements of novel breeding technologies and their application in improving protein quality in canola. A review on the current uses of canola meal in animal husbandry is presented to underscore potential limitations for the consumption of canola meal in mammals. General discussions on the allergenic potential of canola proteins and the regulation of novel food products are provided to highlight some of the challenges that will be encountered on the road to commercialization and general acceptance of canola protein as a dietary protein source.
Chemical Composition of Ambrosia trifida L. and Its Allelopathic Influence on Crops
Authors: Šućur Jovana , Konstantinović Bojan , Crnković Marina , Bursić Vojislava , Samardžić Nataša , Malenčić Đorđe , Prvulović Dejan , Popov Milena , Vuković Gorica
Published: October 2021

Phytotoxic substances released by invasive plants have been reported to have anti-pathogen, anti-herbivore, and allelopathic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the allelopathic influence of the Ambrosia trifida L. on oxidative stress parameters (the lipid peroxidation process; reduced glutathione (GSH) content; and activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (PX)) and phenolic compounds (total phenolic and tannin content) in maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crops to explore the effect of released allelochemicals through A. trifida root on crops. An analysis by HPLC confirmed the presence of protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid as major components in the A. trifida. Based on the obtained results for oxidative stress parameters, it can be concluded that the sunflower was the most sensitive species to A. trifida allelochemicals among the tested crops. The other two crops tested showed a different sensitivity to A. trifida. The soybean did not show sensitivity, while the maize showed sensitivity only 10 days after the sowing.
Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.
Authors: Rahman Mira , Rahman Khussboo , Sathi Khadeja Sultana , Alam Md. Mahabub , Nahar Kamrun , Fujita Masayuki , Hasanuzzaman Mirza
Published: October 2021

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.
Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biotechnological Study of Ageratina pichinchensis: A Native Species of Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Ramos Mariana , Marquina-Bahena Silvia , Alvarez Laura , Román-Guerrero Angélica , Bernabé-Antonio Antonio , Cruz-Sosa Francisco
Published: October 2021

Ageratina pichinchensis (Asteraceae) has been used for a long time in traditional Mexican medicine for treating different skin conditions and injuries. This review aimed to provide an up-to-date view regarding the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological properties (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials) that have been achieved using crude extracts, fractions, or pure compounds. Moreover, for a critical evaluation of the published literature, key databases (Pubmed, Science Direct, and SciFinder, among others) were systematically searched using keywords to retrieve relevant publications on this plant. Studies that reported on crude extracts, fractions, or isolated pure compounds of A. pichinchensis have found a varied range of biological effects, including antibacterial, curative, antiulcer, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemical analyses of different parts of A. pichinchensis revealed 47 compounds belonging to chromenes, furans, glycosylated flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils. Furthermore, biotechnological studies of A. pichinchensis such as callus and cell suspension cultures have provided information for future research perspectives to improve the production of valuable bioactive compounds.
Biocontrol of Carrot Disease-Causing Pathogens Using Essential Oils
Authors: Chrapačienė Simona , Rasiukevičiūtė Neringa , Valiuškaitė Alma
Published: October 2021

Diseases caused by fungal pathogens such as Alternaria spp. damage the commercial appearance of carrots or cause foliage diseases, resulting in significant yield losses each year and are a source of pre- and postharvest rots. European commission encourages the reduction of chemical pesticides. Therefore, the potential of essential oils for alternative plant protection is increasingly discussed. Furthermore, essential oils naturally produced by aromatic plants are rich in secondary metabolites, which possess several biological activities, and their use could be a significant step in environmentally friendly food production. This study aimed to evaluate the Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare and Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum essential oils efficacy on Alternaria spp. growth inhibition. A Clevenger-type apparatus was used to extract the essential oils from the fresh material. The Alternaria spp. radial colony growth was evaluated under essential oils concentrations from 200 to 600 µL L−1. Each essential oil separately was mixed with a PDA medium and Alternaria spp. disk placed in the center of the Petri dishes. Plates were incubated at 25 °C in the dark and evaluated 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after inoculation. The results revealed little difference between the essential oils, and the most effective concentration was 600 µL L−1 of O. vulgare subsp. vulgare essential oil and 400 µL L−1 of O. vulgare subsp. hirtum. Our findings can help to control carrot disease-causing pathogens Alternaria spp., but further research is needed.
Vitis vinifera L. Pruning Waste for Bud-Preparations as Source of Phenolic Compounds–Traditional and Innovative Extraction Techniques to Produce New Natural Products
Authors: Donno Dario , Turrini Federica , Boggia Raffaella , Guido Maddalena , Gamba Giovanni , Mellano Maria Gabriella , Riondato Isidoro , Beccaro Gabriele Loris
Published: October 2021

Herbal products are now considered among the most important sources of phenolic compounds: the FINNOVER project aimed at the creation and development of sustainable supply chains to extract and use natural biologically active agents. Vitis vinifera is one of the most utilised herbal products derived from buds and sprouts as polyphenolic food supplements for its homeostatic and astringent properties. This research was aimed to describe the antioxidant capacity and the phytochemical composition of V. vinifera herbal products by the application of spectroscopic and chromatographic fingerprints considering phenolics as potential markers to significantly differentiate traditional preparations (macerates) from innovative extracts obtained by an ultrasound extraction from V. vinifera buds. Two different commercial products were also considered. Flavonols were the most abundant class in ultrasound extracts (45%), while phenolic acids were the most important class in traditional macerates (49%) and commercial bud-preparations (about 50%). This study may support the potential use of V. vinifera bud-products (starting from pruning byproducts) as food supplements to integrate human diet with good amounts of phenolics. Finally, the use of different extraction methods on the same plant material could be an important development to produce innovative herbal products with a phytochemical composition similar to traditional preparations.
Advances in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies
Authors: Vahdati Kourosh , Sarikhani Saadat , Arab Mohammad Mehdi , Leslie Charles A. , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Aletà Neus , Bielsa Beatriz , Gradziel Thomas M. , Montesinos Álvaro , Rubio-Cabetas María José , Sideli Gina M. , Serdar Ümit , Akyüz Burak , Beccaro Gabriele Loris , Donno Dario , Rovira Mercè , Ferguson Louise , Akbari Mohammad , Sheikhi Abdollatif , Sestras Adriana F. , Kafkas Salih , Paizila Aibibula , Roozban Mahmoud Reza , Kaur Amandeep , Panta Srijana , Zhang Lu , Sestras Radu E. , Mehlenbacher Shawn A.
Published: October 2021

The production and consumption of nuts are increasing in the world due to strong economic returns and the nutritional value of their products. With the increasing role and importance given to nuts (i.e., walnuts, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan, almond) in a balanced and healthy diet and their benefits to human health, breeding of the nuts species has also been stepped up. Most recent fruit breeding programs have focused on scion genetic improvement. However, the use of locally adapted grafted rootstocks also enhanced the productivity and quality of tree fruit crops. Grafting is an ancient horticultural practice used in nut crops to manipulate scion phenotype and productivity and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. There are complex rootstock breeding objectives and physiological and molecular aspects of rootstock–scion interactions in nut crops. In this review, we provide an overview of these, considering the mechanisms involved in nutrient and water uptake, regulation of phytohormones, and rootstock influences on the scion molecular processes, including long-distance gene silencing and trans-grafting. Understanding the mechanisms resulting from rootstock × scion × environmental interactions will contribute to developing new rootstocks with resilience in the face of climate change, but also of the multitude of diseases and pests.
Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and Yellow (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) Passion Fruits
Authors: Shi Meng , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , He Yinying , Ma Songfeng , Rizwan Hafiz Muhammad , Yang Qiang , Li Binqi , Lin Zhimin , Chen Faxing
Published: October 2021

Flavonoids play a key role as a secondary antioxidant defense system against different biotic and abiotic stresses, and also act as coloring compounds in various fruiting plants. In this study, fruit samples of purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and yellow (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) passion fruit were collected at five developmental stages (i.e., fruitlet, green, veraison, maturation, and ripening stage) from an orchard located at Nanping, Fujian, China. The contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, and their metabolites were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), activities of key enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolism were measured, and expression profiling of related genes was done using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and procyanidins were found to be increased in the fruit peel of both cultivars with fruit maturity. Total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins, flavonoid metabolites (i.e., rutin, luteolin, and quercetin), and anthocyanin metabolites (i.e., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside) were found abundant in the peel of purple passion fruit, as compared to yellow passion fruit. Principle component analysis showed that the enzymes, i.e., C4H, 4CL, UFGT, and GST were maybe involved in the regulation of flavonoids metabolism in the peel of passion fruit cultivars. Meanwhile, PePAL4, Pe4CL2,3, PeCHS2, and PeGST7 may play an important role in flavonoid metabolism in fruit peel of the passion fruit. This study provides new insights for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in passion fruit.
Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process: Controlling Parameters and Strategies of Mitigation
Authors: Sayara Tahseen , Sánchez Antoni
Published: October 2021

Organic waste generation, collection, and management have become a crucial problem in modern and developing societies. Among the technologies proposed in a circular economy and sustainability framework, composting has reached a strong relevance in terms of clean technology that permits reintroducing organic matter to the systems. However, composting has also negative environmental impacts, some of them of social concern. This is the case of composting atmospheric emissions, especially in the case of greenhouse gases (GHG) and certain families of volatile organic compounds (VOC). They should be taken into account in any environmental assessment of composting as organic waste management technology. This review presents the relationship between composting operation and composting gaseous emissions, in addition to typical emission values for the main organic wastes that are being composted. Some novel mitigation technologies to reduce gaseous emissions from composting are also presented (use of biochar), although it is evident that a unique solution does not exist, given the variability of exhaust gases from composting.
Understanding Slovakian Gas Well Performance and Capability through ArcGIS System Mapping
Authors: Wittenberger Gabriel , Cambal Jozef , Skvarekova Erika , Senova Andrea , Kanuchova Ingrid
Published: October 2021

There are two important territories in Slovakia with functioning gas well operations: the Eastern Slovak Lowland and the Vienna Basin. This article focuses on the creation of electronic monitoring and graphical mapping of the current technical conditions of gas wells in the Eastern Slovak Lowland. An analysis of the gas wells’ current state in the terrain is available. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the current state of gas wells, such as the insufficient processing of gas wells, the lack of summary and uniform records concerning them, and the lack of an electronic system for monitoring the technical security of the wells. The scientific contribution of this article lies in its ability to interpret and address operational problems related to gas wells. Through analogy, the step algorithm expresses the possibility of also using gas wells for oil, geothermal and hydrogeological wells. The intention was to highlight the importance of the need to create a database for the security and strategic needs of the state regarding the storage of natural gas. As of yet, no computer or graphic system has been used in Slovakia to monitor, unify and clarify the actual technical condition of gas wells. Using the ArcGIS electronic and graphical software tool, the mapping and recording of gas wells was carried out in the area under investigation. The mapping was completed with the mentioned technical patterns. These patterns have the information found on individual gas wells. After the information is added to the database, this mapping can also be carried out in another important area with functioning gas wells, such as in the Vienna Basin, which could be another theme for further research in this area.
Influence of the Lamination Process on the Wetting Behavior and the Wetting Rate of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kaden Nicolaj , Schlüter Nicolas , Leithoff Ruben , Savas Sinan , Grundmeier Simon , Dröder Klaus
Published: October 2021

In lithium-ion battery manufacturing, wetting of active materials is a time-critical process. Consequently, the impact of possible process chain extensions such as lamination needs to be explored to potentially improve the efficiency of the electrode and separator stacking process in battery cell manufacturing. This paper addresses the research gap of the unexplored effects of lamination on the wetting rate of electrode-separator assemblies in pouch cells. Based on the triangulation of three measurement techniques (gravimetric, optical, electrochemical), a correlation between lamination and wettability of electrode-separator assemblies is experimentally demonstrated, thus providing an important research contribution.
Interfacial Microstructure Analysis of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy during Plastic Deformation Bonding
Authors: Ren Limei , Li Bei , Chen Zhaoxiang , Gao Shan , Quan Yongqiang , Qian Lihe
Published: October 2021

In this study, a plastic deformation process consisting of hot compression at 350 °C and heat treatment at 400 °C was performed to bond AZ31 magnesium alloy. Microstructural evolution around the bonding interface was systematically characterized to investigate the bonding process and clarify the bonding mechanism. When the plastic deformation strain reached 0.6, the bonding zone was full of fine dynamic recrystallized grains and the initial interface was eliminated. The post-heating treatments were conducted to achieve a sound interface bonding. The tensile tests and the corresponding fracture morphologies analysis indicated that the optimum holding time of heat treatment was 8 h. The interfacial bonding strength of the specimens holding for 8 h reached 164.7 MPa, an enhancement of about 9% compared with that of the specimens holding for 1 h. The microstructure analysis indicated that the bonding quality was affected by migration of the interfacial grain boundary (GB), the development of recrystallized grains and the evolution of interfacial oxides around the bonding area.
Pairing Experimental and Mathematical Modeling Studies on Fluidized Beds for Enhancement of Models Predictive Quality: A Current Status Overview
Authors: Uribe Sebastián , Al-Dahhan Muthanna
Published: October 2021

Modeling of gas-solid fluidized systems has been a prevailing challenge over the last few decades. With different approaches and implementing different sub-models to capture the essential multiphase and multiscale phenomena in these systems, major advances have been achieved, even though most models are only subject to a practical validation of macroscopic parameters. The current description of fluidized beds through mathematical models relies on the inclusion of vast sub-models, leading to an unquantifiable degree of uncertainty on the models’ applicability for extrapolation studies. Furthermore, each closure and fitting parameter in the model represents a possible source of deviation, and their optimization, hence, becomes another major challenge. The recent advances in measurement techniques can enable us to troubleshoot and optimize the implemented models and sub-models based on local scale measurements. Local multiphase hydrodynamic information obtained by advanced measurement techniques can enable the validation of local predictions and optimization of the coupled sub-models, leading to the development of simplified and highly predictive models. Thus, pairing advanced experimental studies on these systems with insightful modeling approaches is required to advance the shortcoming and enhance the predictive quality of the models. In this work, an overview of the status of modeling and experimental measurement techniques for gas-solid fluidized beds is presented; then, an overview on pairing both experimental and modeling studies to improve the models’ local predictions for fluidized beds is presented.
Freedom of Religion and Minority Rights in South Africa
Authors: Fessha Yonatan T. , Dessalegn Beza
Published: October 2021

The South African Constitution contains an extensive list of rights, several of which are relevant, directly or indirectly, to accommodate the needs of persons that belong to a religious minority group in South Africa. This article examines the extent to which these protections are utilized by individuals and courts and explores the interplay between these various sources of protection that religious minority groups and their members can rely on. It will examine the courts’ case law on freedom of religion to determine whether the courts have relied on one or all of the rights offered by the Constitution when dealing with claims made by persons belonging to a religious minority group. The reasons for and impacts of the choices that the courts have made will also be investigated. Equally important are the choices made by persons belonging to a religious minority group when approaching courts to vindicate their rights.
Toward an Integrated, Systemic, and Sustainable Model of Transformational Family Engagement: The Case of the Kentucky Statewide Family Engagement Center
Authors: Perry Danielle M. , Geller Joanna
Published: October 2021

Transformational family engagement fundamentally changes relationships between families and schools and interrupts deeply held beliefs about low-income, Black, Latinx, Indigenous, or immigrant families, each of which are rooted in systems of racism, classism, sexism, xenophobia, and their intersections. In this paper, we use a community-based collective impact theoretical framework to better understand how the KY Collaborative is aligned with transformational family engagement strategies and promotes and implements systemic, statewide evidenced-based family engagement policies and practices. We present data from interviews with KY Collaborative partners, observations of KY Collaborative events and activities, and survey data. Key findings suggest the KY Collaborative leverages each regional partner’s strengths to break through historical barriers that fail to acknowledge the critical role families play both within and outside of schools. Their collective programs and services demonstrate a commitment to strengthening families, building capacity amongst schools and educators, and supporting communities to achieve educational equity. Our findings present implications for other statewide family engagement centers and community-based collaborations for transformational family engagement by highlighting the ways in which the KY Collaborative develops bottom-up leadership, builds dual capacity, shifts power, attends to policy change, and diffuses shared messages, visions, and practices statewide.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Psychosocial Conditions of Students with and without Special Educational Needs
Authors: Scheer David , Laubenstein Désirée
Published: October 2021

Given the pandemic-induced school lockdown in Germany in the spring of 2020, COVID-19 evidently had a negative impact on child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing. However, there is no evidence regarding the specific problems of students with special educational needs in emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) during or after the school lockdown. Thus, this study bridges the gap. A sample of 173 students across Germany was included in the analysis. The students were rated by their teachers in an online survey via a standardized teacher-report form for emotional and behavioral problems and competencies, as well as perceptions of inclusion. Several student- and teacher-level predictors were applied in a stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the school lockdown marginally impacted E/BD, with small differences between student groups. The strongest predicting variable was students’ psychosocial situation. Hence, the psychosocial situation of students should be monitored by teachers and school psychologists to provide sufficient support during lockdown.
Fear of Influenza Resurgence amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Need for Effective Flu Vaccine Still Exists
Authors: Wijesundara Danushka K. , Williams Clare , Sun Wei , Furuya Andrea Marias , Furuya Yoichi
Published: October 2021

As influenza season was approaching in 2020, public health officials feared that influenza would worsen the COVID-19 situation [...]
Differences in Sources of Information, Risk Perception, and Cognitive Appraisals between People with Various Latent Classes of Motivation to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 and Previous Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Facebook Survey Study with Latent Profile Analysis in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi-Lung , Lin Yen-Ju , Chang Yu-Ping , Chou Wen-Jiun , Yen Cheng-Fang
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed (1) to identify distinct latent classes of motivation to get vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and previous seasonal influenza vaccination among people in Taiwan and (2) to examine the roles of sources of information, risk perception, and cognitive appraisals of vaccination against COVID-19 in these classes. We recruited 1047 participants through a Facebook advertisement. The participants’ motivation to get vaccinated against COVID-19, previous seasonal influenza vaccination, sources of information about COVID-19 vaccination, risk perception of COVID-19, and cognitive appraisals of vaccination against COVID-19 were determined. We examined the participants’ motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and previous seasonal influenza vaccination through latent profile analysis. Four latent classes of motivation were identified: participants with high motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and high seasonal influenza vaccination, those with high motivation for COVID-19 vaccination but low seasonal influenza vaccination, those with low motivation for COVID-19 vaccination but high seasonal influenza vaccination, and those with low motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and low seasonal influenza vaccination. Compared with participants in the latent class of high motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and high seasonal influenza vaccination, those in the other three latent classes had lower levels of positive appraisals of COVID-19 vaccination; participants in the latent class of low motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and low seasonal influenza vaccination had lower risk perception of COVID-19 and were also less likely to obtain information about COVID-19 vaccination from the internet, friends, and family members. The various motivations and behaviors for vaccination, sources of information, risk perception, and cognitive appraisals of vaccination against COVID-19 should be considered in intervention programs aiming to increase people’s motivation to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
Immunoinformatics and Immunogenetics-Based Design of Immunogenic Peptides Vaccine against the Emerging Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) and Its Validation through In Silico Cloning and Immune Simulation
Authors: Suleman Muhammad , ul Qamar Muhammad , Kiran  , Rasool Samreen , Rasool Aneela , Albutti Aqel , Alsowayeh Noorah , Alwashmi Ameen , Aljasir Mohammad , Ahmad Sajjad , Hussain Zahid , Rizwan Muhammad , Ali Syed , Khan Abbas , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: October 2021

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is transmitted to humans via infected tick bites, leading to serious neurological complications and, in some cases, death. The available vaccines against the TBEV are reported to have low immunogenicity and are associated with adverse effects like swelling, redness and fever. Moreover, these vaccines are whole-organism-based, carry a risk of reactivation and potential for significant mortality. Consequently, to design a potential antigenic and non-allergenic multi-epitope subunit vaccine against the TBEV, we used an immunoinformatic approach to screen the Tick-borne virus proteome for highly antigenic CTL, HTL and B cell epitopes. The proper folding of the constructed vaccine was validated by a molecular dynamic simulation. Additionally, the molecular docking and binding free energy (−87.50 kcal/mol) further confirmed the strong binding affinity of the constructed vaccine with TLR-4. The vaccine exhibited a CAI value of 0.93 and a GC content of 49%, showing a high expression capability in E coli. Moreover, the analysis of immune simulation demonstrated robust immune responses against the injected vaccine and clearance of the antigen with time. In conclusion, our vaccine candidate shows promise for both in vitro and in vivo analyses due to its high immunogenicity, non-allergenicity and stable interaction with the human TLR-4 receptor.
Ortaokul Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarında Küresel İklim Değişikliği Konusunun Yer Alma Durumu
Authors: ERYILMAZ Önder
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı ortaokul sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında Küresel İklim Değişikliği (KİD) konusuna nasıl yer verildiğinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesine göre desenlenmiştir. Araştırmada 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı ortaokullarda kullanılan 5, 6 ve 7. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitapları incelenmiştir. Ortaokul sosyal bilgiler ders kitapları araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda betimsel analiz yaklaşımı benimsenerek analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen ders kitaplarının analizi sonucunda KİD ile ilişkili bilgilere yalnızca 5 ve 7. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında yer verildiği, 6. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabında KİD ile ilişkili olarak sunulan bilgilerin bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. 5. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabında yalnızca KİD’in temel nedeni olan küresel ısınmaya ilişkin yüzeysel bilgilerin verildiği görülmüştür. 7. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabındaki KİD ile ilgili bilgiler incelendiğinde, özellikle KİD’in oluşumu, nedenleri ve olası etkilerine ilişkin oldukça sınırlı bilgilere yer verildiği belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan KİD’in yakın gelecekte olası ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik etkilerine ilişkin yüzeysel açıklanmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunların yanında KİD’in gelecekteki olası etkilerini en az indirgemek için alınması gereken önlemlere ilişkin de oldukça sınırlı bilgilere yer verildiği görülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonuçları göz önünde bulundurularak, sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarına ve sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programına yönelik birtakım öneriler sunulmuştur.
Form und Funktion von Todesschilderungen in Historiographie und Hagiographie im ausgehenden 11. Jahrhundert
Authors: Weber Matthias
Published: October 2021

Ten tijde van de Investituurstrijd, een periode rijk aan bronnen, wordt veel aandacht besteed aan het overlijden van bisschoppen. In de Middeleeuwen werd het bestaan in het hiernamaals als een echt levensdoel beschouwd, terwijl het aardse bestaan alleen als een kwalificerende fase werd gezien. Tijdens het overlijden werd gedacht dat de wijze waarop men geleefd had zich bij ware concentreerde en het moment van overgang werd beschouwd als een indicator van het persoonlijke lot in het hiernamaals. Niettemin hield de historiografie van het einde van de elfde eeuw geen verband met de feitelijke omstandigheden van de dood. Zo illustreert het voorbeeld van Burchard van Halberstadt hoe het conflict tussen de keizer en de paus invloed had op het documenteren van het overlijden van bisschoppen. De neutrale beschrijving in de nochtans hagiografische Vita van Benno van Osnabrück is des te meer verrassend en blijkt een uitzondering in dit kader.
L’administration du diocèse pendant l’intérim en droit canonique, Xe-XIIIe siècle
Authors: Basdevant-Gaudemet Brigitte
Published: October 2021

Das klassische kanonische Recht bietet keine grundsätzlichen Bestimmungen im Hinblick auf die Verwaltung einer Diözese während der Vakanz. Gleichwohl behandeln sowohl die Konzilsgesetzgebung, Kirchenrechtssammlungen, päpstlichen Dekretalen und Kommentatoren das Thema. Ein Prinzip überdauert hierbei die Jahrhunderte : Ne sede vacante aliquid innovetur. Es gilt, das kirchliche Erbe zu schützen und persönlichen Ambitionen keinen Platz zu lassen. Im Mittelalter wurde die Verwaltung dem Domkapitel anvertraut. Dennoch diskutiert man die Handlungen, die Kanoniker vollziehen dürfen – oder nicht dürfen – und solche, die von Rechts wegen dem Bischof vorbehalten sind.
La succession d’Étienne de Liège († 920) : une vacance épiscopale dans l’attente d’un arbitrage pontifical ?
Authors: Close Florence
Published: October 2021

Volgens een gevestigde traditie gaf het overlijden van bisschop Stefaan van Luik (19 mei 920) aanleiding tot een bittere vete tussen Hilduinus, een Luikse geestelijke, kandidaat van Giselbert, hertog van Lotharingen, en Richarus, abt van Prüm, kandidaat van de Karolingische koning Karel de Eenvoudige. Deze werd uiteindelijk beslecht door arbitrage van paus Johannes x, in 922. In 1957 wijdde H. Zimmermann een zeer diepgaande studie aan het corpus van de bronnen voor deze zaak, vandaag nog steeds de referentie. Zestig jaar na deze publicatie biedt volgend artikel een overzicht van de vorderingen in dit onderzoek en laat toe een nieuw licht te werpen op de gebeurtenissen die de bisschoppelijke zetel van Luik in het begin van de tiende eeuw markeerden. De vraag rijst nu of er al dan niet sprake is geweest van een vacature van de bisschoppelijke zetel van Luik in de jaren 920-922.
Das Erzbistum Vienne zwischen Sobo und Theobaldus (949- 957)
Authors: Nowak Jessika
Published: October 2021

The view of Rudolfing’s Burgundy and specifically Vienne provides a differentiated picture of the king’s role in the occupation of high ecclesiastical offices. The king takes part in the dispute over the vacant bishop’s seat. He does not appear, however, as one of the parties arguing about a new occupation of the seat, instead he fills out his traditional role of the decision-maker, the one ending the conflict restoring order and harmony. It is pointless to decide whether he actively appropriates this role or whether it is attributed to him by the (local) parties exhausted by the conflict. Both may have been the case, varying from case to case. But there can be no doubt that the king consolidated his authority with decisions regarding the ending of vacancies, thereby pursuing his own political interests.
« Sede vacante » ? Spoliation des églises et expulsion de l’archevêque à Narbonne au XIe siècle
Authors: Vones Ludwig
Published: October 2021

In de elfde eeuw was de rechtsgrondslag voor de administratie van een bisdom en de bescherming van zijn eigendommen tijdens een vacature nog niet voldoende verankerd in het kerkelijk recht voor de tijd van Gratianus, vooral in gebieden zeer afgelegen van Rome en het pausdom. Dit verandert slechts tijdens de twaalfde eeuw dankzij het Decretum Gratiani, een compilatie van normen, en van zijn latere interpretaties. Het artikel biedt eerst een algemeen overzicht van de ontwikkeling van het kerkelijk recht in deze materie tot het einde van de klassieke Middeleeuwen. Dan wordt de context van een historische vacature uiteengezet inclusief zijn kerkelijke en politieke implicaties, zijn ontelbare misbruiken en slechte praktijken ; het concrete voorbeeld van de Querimonia Berengarii, het verzoek van de Burggraaf betreffende de aartsbisschoppelijke zetel van Narbonne, geeft ons een eigentijdse, hoge kwaliteitsbron van de interne relaties en conflicten binnen zo‘ n bisdom.
Investiturstreit, Interim und Domkapitel : zur Ausprägung institutioneller Verantwortlichkeit
Authors: Paulus Christof
Published: October 2021

The decades around 1100 were crucial years for the consolidation of the cathedral chapter in Augsburg. At the end of that time there was an ecclesiastical corporation, which was able to face the bishop of Augsburg with an extreme self-confidence. One longer vacancy of the episcopal see seems to have particularly promoted the formation of the cathedral chapter. Years of conflict after the death of Bishop Embrico in 1077 changed the profile of the cathedral clergy fundamentally. Their vita communis

dissolved, but they increasingly institutionalized themselves as a legal body with aspirations to rule, as proven by the Augsburg Yearbooks (Annales Augustani), written by a cathedral cleric. Thus, the cathedral chapter gave its own interpretation of history to the turbulent times of the so-called Investiture controversy.
Quand les Albret se disaient Anglais. Une généalogie oubliée des Albret aux XIVe-XVe siècles
Authors: Courroux Pierre
Published: October 2021

De onduidelijke oorsprong van het huis van Albret is lange tijd onderwerp geweest van historisch debat. Vanaf de zestiende eeuw maken opeenvolgende legendarische herschrijvingen hen de afstammelingen van de koningen van Navarra of van de vorsten van Biskaje uit de Karolingische tijd. Het gaat om pogingen tot verantwoording hoe een bescheidde huis uit Gascogne zo hoog in de Franse adel gestegen was, zelfs tot op de troon van Navarra. Geen enkel van deze geslachtsregisters gaat echter terug tot in de Middeleeuwen, terwijl verrassend genoeg, historici de echter duidelijke vermelding van Christine de Pisan tot op heden genegeerd hebben : volgens haar zijn de Albrets afstammelingen van Brutus, de legendarische stichter van het koninkrijk Engeland. Dit artikel poogt uit te leggen wanneer en waarom een dergelijke genealogie geformuleerd werd en de implicaties ervan op de heraldiek van het Huis Albret in de late middeleeuwen.