bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сучасна терапія подагри крізь призму ефективності та безпечності
Authors: Golovach I.Yu.
Published: December 2016

У статті наведено сучасні дані щодо лікування такого поширеного захворювання, як подагра. Менеджмент подагри охоплює й об’єднує два напрямки: по-перше, адекватне лікування гострих подагричних епізодів і, по-друге, стійке зниження сироваткового рівня уратів менше за 360 мкмоль/л (6 мг/дл) або нижче у деяких випадках, щоб запобігти рецидивам і сприяти розсмоктуванню тофусів. Терапевтичні можливості при гострому нападі подагри охоплюють нестероїдні протизапальні препарати, колхіцин та глюкокортикоїди; при лікуванні хронічної подагри широко використовують алопуринол. Показана ефективність та безпечність інноваційних препаратів у лікуванні подагри — фебуксостату та інгібіторів інтерлейкіну-1. Підкреслено, що основні проблеми лікування подагри пов’язані з довгостроковою безпечністю терапії та коморбідними захворюваннями.
Оцінка ефективності впливу антирезорбтивних засобів на показники якості життя жінок старших вікових груп із системним остеопорозом
Authors: Povoroznyuk V.V. , Orlyk T.V. , Dzerovych N.I. , Grygorieva N.V. , Bystrytska M.A. , Vaida V.M. , Klymovytskyi F.W.
Published: December 2016

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Физико-химические свойства крови при ювенильном идиопатическом артрите с офтальмопатиями
Authors: Pavliuchenko A.K. , Zharkaia A.Yu. , Yermolaieva M.V. , Syniachenko O.V.
Published: December 2016

Ювенильный идиопатический артрит сопровождается повышением параметров объемной вязкости, модуля вязкоэластичности и статического (равновесного) поверхностного натяжения сыворотки крови, что связано с активностью патологического процесса, поражением определенных сочленений, кожи, печени, лимфоузлов и серозных оболочек, характером костно-деструктивных изменений, экстраартикулярными (системными) признаками болезни, степенью иммунных расстройств (в том числе с уровнями антинейтрофильных цитоплазматических антител), а в развитии офтальмопатии (увеит, склерит, кератит, конъюнктивит, катаракта, глаукома) участвуют нарушения адсорбционно-реологических свойств крови.
МРТ-морфометрия тел позвонков и межпозвоночных дисков поясничного отдела позвоночника у больных с нарушением минеральной плотности костной ткани
Authors: Sharmazanova Ye.P. , Miahkov S.A. , Rybak I.R.
Published: December 2016

Цель исследования — изучение изменений тел позвонков, межпозвоночных дисков и их площадей в поясничном отделе позвоночника при уменьшении минеральной плотности костной ткани (МКП) с помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). 81 пациенту были проведены двухэнергетическая рентгеновская денситометрия (ДРД) и МРТ поясничного отдела позвоночника. Остеопения диагностирована у 33 больных (ІІ группа), остеопороз — у 28 (ІІІ группа), контрольную группу составили 20 пациентов (І группа) без признаков остеопороза (по данным ДРД). Cредние показатели МКП (г/см2) в телах L1-L4 составили: у здоровых — 1,232 ± 0,060; при остеопении — –1,032 ± 0,070; при остеопорозе — –0,757 ± 0,080. Средние показатели Т-критерия в группе сравнения составили –1,27 ± 0,71; во ІІ группе с остеопенией — –1,40 ± 011; в ІІІ группе с остеопорозом — –3,09 ± 1,73. Разница в МКП между I и II группами составила 16,2 % (р < 0,05), между I и III группами — 25 % (p < 0,01). При МРТ-морфометрии у больных с остеопенией и остеопорозом изменения тел позвонков поясничного отдела позвоночника сопровождались снижением средней высоты тел, незначительным снижением передней высоты тел позвонков; уменьшением индекса Барнетта — Нордина; выраженным увеличением средней высоты и площадей межпозвоночных дисков, более выраженными при остеопорозе. Установлено, что у больных с нарушением минеральной плотности костной ткани имеются и дегенеративные изменения межпозвоночных дисков, причем степень их дегенерации достоверно не отличается от группы контроля.
Катаракта при воспалительных болезнях суставов
Authors: Pavliuchenko А.К.
Published: December 2016

При ревматоидном, ювенильном идиопатическом, реактивном хламидийном, псориатическом артритах и анкилозирующем спондилоартрите катаракта диагностируется соответственно в 5, 15, 6, 17 и 9 % наблюдений, частота, тяжесть и зрелость которой зависят от степени активности, темпов прогрессирования патологии опорно-двигательного аппарата, наличия висцеритов, дигитального артериита, сакроилеита, кожной формы псориаза, выраженности субхондрального склероза и остеоузур.
Тези міжнародного симпозіуму «Захворювання кістково-м’язової системи та вік», м. Львів, 5–7 травня, 2015
Authors: Andrusha A. , Bakalyuk T.G. , Barbosa et all Ana Paula
Published: December 2016

Наведені тези міжнародного симпозіуму «Захворювання кістково-м’язової системи та вік», що відбувся  5–7 травня 2015 року у м. Львів, Україна
Костный метаболизм и остеопороз в онкологической практике
Authors: Dumanskyi Yu.V. , Stoliarova O.Yu. , Syniachenko O.V. , Yehudyna Ye.D.
Published: December 2016

Представлены обзор современной литературы и собственные данные результатов исследования, в которых показано существование тесной связи злокачественных опухолей с нарушениями костного метаболизма, что проявляется увеличением синтеза остеопонтина и остеокальцина, активацией щелочной фосфатазы, дисбалансом остеоассоциированных макро- (кальций, магний, фосфор) и микроэлементов (кобальт, марганец, медь, стронций, хром, цинк и др.), участвующих в патогенетических построениях рака и остеопороза, который может осложняться у таких больных переломами костей. Изменения костного метаболизма усугубляются проводимой химио- и лучевой терапией рака, а существовавшие сведения по онкоиндуцированному действию бисфосфонатов, широко применяемых в лечении остеопороза, в настоящее время поставлены под сомнение. Перечисленные данные диктуют необходимость разработки медицинской технологии противоопухолевой терапии, обладающей протекторным действием в отношении метаболизма кости, а также создания антиостеопоротического лечения, одновременно направленного на опухолевый процесс.
Взаємозв’язок типу й форми прогресування коксартрозу з формами кульшово-поперекового синдрому
Authors: Gaiko H.V. , Stashkevych A.T. , Galuzynskyi O.A. , Kalashnikov O.V. , Kozak R.A.
Published: December 2016

Наведено результати обстеження 30 хворих із різними формами кульшово-поперекового синдрому. У всіх хворих було діагностовано ідіопатичий коксартроз III–IV ст. і остеохондроз поперекового відділу хребта. Проведено аналіз клінічних даних та даних рентгенограм кульшових суглобів.Істинній формі кульшово-поперекового синдрому відповідає повільна форма прогресування та гіперпластичний тип коксартрозу за Bombelli. Зворотній формі кульшово-поперекового синдрому відповідає швидка форма прогресування та гіпопластичний тип кокс­артрозу за Bombelli. Виявлені взаємозв’язки сприятимуть кращому розумінню патогенезу кульшово-поперекового синдрому та розробці ефективних методів профілактики та лікування цієї тяжкої ортопедичної патології.
Эффективность применения нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов у пациентов с нейрокомпрессионными болевыми синдромами пояснично-крестцового отдела позвоночника при дегенеративно-дистрофических заболеваниях
Authors: Fischenko Ya.V.
Published: December 2016

В статье проведен ретроспективный анализ данных историй болезни 38 пациентов (28 женщин и 10 мужчин) в возрасте 54,7 ± 2,2 (от 27 до 86) года, которые проходили курс стационарного консервативного лечения с диагнозом остеохондроза, протрузии или грыжи межпозвоночного диска, поясничного спинального стеноза.Статистически оценены до и после лечения анкетные данные (согласно шкале Роланда-Морриса, визуальной аналоговой шкале — ВАШ), индекс недееспособности (ODI) и индекс восстановления; данные рентгенографии и неврологического осмотра.В результате исследований выявлена положительная динамика показателя качества жизни по данным анкетирования Роланда-Морриса и Оswestry Disability Index как сразу после проведенного лечения (РМ = 27,1 %, ODI = 30,5 %), так и через 6 мес. (PM = 32,7 %, ODI = 35,2 %).Отмечена высокая эффективность нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов и миорелаксантов в лечении нейрокомпрессионного болевого синдрома у пациентов по данным ВАШ боли (89,5 % больных отмечали регрессирование болевого синдрома сразу после лечения, 86,8 % пациентов — сохранение положительного результата в течение 6 месяцев).Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ показал, что наличие сколиоза, спондилолистеза, нестабильности L4–L5 и деформирующего артроза тазобедренных суставов у пациентов является отрицательным прогностическим признаком эффективности лечения.
Вікові та статеві особливості геометрії проксимального відділу стегнової кістки у хворих із її внутрішньосуглобовими переломами
Authors: Grygorieva N.V. , Zubach O.B.
Published: December 2016

Згідно з даними літературних джерел, деякі параметри стегнової кістки (СК), а саме довжина її осі, шийково-діафізарний кут та ін., є незалежними предикторами переломів проксимального відділу стегнової кістки (ПВ СК), проте подібні дослідження серед хворих української популяції відсутні. У статті наведені дані літературних джерел та результати власного дослідження особливостей геометричних параметрів СК у хворих із внутрішньосуглобовими переломами ПВ СК. Проаналізовано 100 оглядових (передньо­задніх) рентгено­грам кульшових суглобів (таза) хворих віком 50–89 років (середній вік 70,98 ± 0,99 року). Обстежено 31 жінку та 39 чоловіків, які були госпіталізовані з внутрішньо­суглобовими переломами СК, та 30 осіб (16 жінок і 14 чоловіків) без переломів. Оцінку параметрів геометрії стегнової кістки проводили на контралатеральній до перелому кінцівці. Для аналізу пацієнти були розподілені на підгрупи за віком і статтю. Виявлено вірогідний вплив віку на параметри геометрії ПВ СК у чоловіків та жінок із внутрішньосуглобовими переломами, проте не в осіб без переломів. Також встановлено вірогідно нижчі показники довжини осі стегнової кістки, основи та діаметра головки, відстані «головка — вертлюг» у чоловіків із внутрішньосуглобовими переломами ПВ СК порівняно з показниками осіб без переломів при відсутності вірогідних відмінностей показників у жінок. Виявлені відмінності необхідно враховувати як при плануванні оперативних втручань після перелому ПВ СК, так і для прогнозування ризику переломів ПВ СК в осіб старших вікових груп.
Роль ультразвукового исследования в диагностике и мониторинге Эффективности лечения подагрического артрита
Authors: Shved N.I. , Mykhailiv L.M. , Martyniuk L.P.
Published: December 2016

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Оцінка суглобового синдрому при гострій ревматичній лихоманці відповідно до перегляду критеріїв Джонса 2015 року
Authors: Boiarchuk O.R.
Published: December 2016

У статті розглядаються питання оцінки суглобового синдрому в дітей із гострою ревматичною лихоманкою відповідно до перегляду критеріїв Джонса 2015 року. Експертами виділено великі та малі критерії для груп населення з низьким ризиком та помірним і високим ризиком розвитку гострої ревматичної лихоманки. Для популяцій із низьким ризиком оцінка суглобового синдрому не змінилася — поліартрит залишається великим, а поліартралгія — малим критерієм. Тоді ж для популяцій із помірним і високим ризиком до великих критеріїв слід відносити і моноартрит, а також поліартралгії після ретельного виключення інших причин ураження суглобів.
Вплив препарату мебівід на структурно-функціональний стан кісткової тканини при аліментарному остеопорозі в експерименті
Authors: Brusko A.T. , Apukhovska L.I. , Kalashnikov A.V. , Kalashnikov O.V. , Malyk V.D.
Published: December 2016

З метою визначення впливу на нормалізацію структурно-функціонального стану епіфізарного хряща та кісткової тканини вітчизняного комплексного препарату мебівід, що містить у складі вітамін D3 та бісфосфонат, проведено експериментальне дослідження на 30 щурах лінії Вістар масою 90 ± 5 г. Було використано аліментарну модель остеопорозу. Проводилися гістоморфологічне та остеометричне дослідження, визначалась зольність кісток. За результатами дослідження виявлено, що мебівід ефективно впливає на нормалізацію порушень структурно-функціонального стану епіфізарного хряща та кісткової тканини при аліментарному остеопорозі в щурів. Експериментальні дослідження доводять доцільність застосування комплексного препарату мебівід у лікуванні ортопедичних захворювань, що супроводжуються порушеннями повздовжнього росту, росту в товщину та структурно-функціонального стану кісткової тканини.
La certeza de ser y diálogo formativo en Edith Stein.
Authors: Meis Wormer Anneliese
Published: December 2016

This paper addresses a phenomenological approach to the “simple certainty of being” in Edith Stein’s thought and how, from this certainty, a contribution is made to a formative dialog. For this purpose, the complexity this “certainty” involves is analyzed in depth, as it is thought in Potency and Act and Being Finite and Being Eternal. This conviction emerges from the basic fact that I am in the world “I think, feel, and want.” For Stein, her starting point is placed on “feel” to access the self and its “certainty of being simple” in the world. In this way, “the self” emerges, “conscious” of its being, as long as it “feels”. This realization would be the basis of human formation, meaning that we must start from “the self”, from this mysterious and ineffable presence experienced in the relation between being and not-being, experienced from temporality as present and potentiality as an extension of existence. Thus, a dialogical formation requires the effort of integrating the whole existence of the student, concentrate on “the self”, which “is built” from oneself, that is, from the one that “lives” and “feels that he lives”, from a transcended contention or sheltered in his immanence in which the fundamental questions of origin, obsolescence of existence, and the absolute are imperatively manifested from a deeper level.
Persona y comunidad en Edith Stein.
Authors: De la Maza Samhaber Luis
Published: December 2016

Edith Stein discusses the ethical structures of the community and the State on the basis of its analogy with the ontological structure of a person. The paper presents the elements that essentially determine the concept of person as a psychophysical subject with an individual peculiarity that makes it unique as compared to other subjects. Next, the paper shows how Stein understands the relationship between individual experiences and community experiences; the latter make up various forms of social association, which she exposed in the light of concepts such as mass, community, and society. Finally, some aspects of our author’s research on the State that concretize and complement previous developments are examined.
Empatía y vivencia religiosa en el pensamiento de Edith Stein.
Authors: Martínez Fernández María Eliana
Published: December 2016

This paper, from the context of Edith Stein´s existence and her work, reveals the relationship she recognizes between empathy and religious experience. Man apprehends the spiritual life of their equals through empathy, as well as the religious experience of others. The former and the latter are the path to understand men and their willingness to find God.
Tensión analítica del encuentro entre constructivismo radical y el pensamiento de Edith Stein.
Authors: Núñez Hernández Rodolfo
Published: December 2016

The questions of truth, for the power of reaching it, and how to get a method reliable enough to assure that the solutions proposed in this search are right are at the basis of both options for approaching this challenge. So, is it possible to establish dialogues between models of knowledge production so far from one another as transcendental phenomenological methodology and radical constructivism are? The dialogue should initially be a condition of any form of comprehensive approach sharing subjects of study, that is, given a common interest, being able to compare in order to know better will be a valid effort because it provides analytical elements that will allow observing the complete arc of solutions that, facing the complexity of reality, the human intellect can produce.
La creciente parodización del formato policial clásico en las anti-ilustradas novelas detectivescas del escritor suizo protestante Friedrich Dürrenmatt.
Authors: Franken Kurzen Clemens
Published: December 2016

This paper begins with the hypothesis that the protestant Swiss writer Friedrich Dürrenmatt increasingly parodizes the classical police gender. Above all, the figure of the detective, a symbol of the illustrated faith and then positivistic in the inevitable victory of reason, suffers an increasing deconstruction since his methods, mainly based on human intelligence, fails under the dominion of randomness, which breaks into the life of human beings similarly as divine grace.
A mão do monge: fronteiras, conhecimento e reputação na atuação de frei Estevão do Loreto (c.1720-1745)
Authors: De Araújo Souza Jorge Victor , Souza Farias Millena
Published: December 2016

Este artigo trata de alguns momentos da trajetória de um monge beneditino, Estevão do Loreto, que atuou como engenheiro e arquiteto no Brasil colonial. Analisando documentos do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU) e também imagens do acervo do Arquivo Histórico do Exército (AHEX) foi possível perceber a relevância de um religioso agindo em obras e em traçados de fronteiras. Nas estratégias da governança, frei Estevão cunhou reputação com seu conhecimento. Nesse sentido, nossa análise apresenta como um religioso, ignorado pela historiografia, lança luz sobre importantes lógicas e estratégias de defesa dos governos à distância. Com suas tintas e papéis representou os olhos do reino.Palavras-chave: fronteira; Beneditinos; engenharia.
O Estatuto do Cabido da Sé de Olinda
Authors: Almeida Suely Cordeiro , Mendonça Gustavo Augusto
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho procura ser um contributo para o esclarecimento de questões ligadas aos aspectos do clero catedrático e da adminis-tração diocesana em Pernambuco no século XVIII. Apresentamos no final de uma introdução transcrito o “Estatuto do Cabido da Sé de Olinda”, fonte fundamental para o estudo do clero catedrático de Olinda, e em que pese nosso desconhecimento, não há indicativo de publicação anterior.Palavras-chave: cabido; estatuto; transcrição
TRONCOSO, Alberto del Castillo. Las Mujeres de X’Oyep. México: Conaculta; Cenart; Centro de la Ima-gen, 2013. (Colección Ensayos sobre Fotografía)
Authors: Miranda de Alcântara Mauro Henrique
Published: December 2016

Resenha do livro "Las Mujeres de X’Oyep" (2013), de Alberto del Castillo Troncoso.
PAUL, Herman. Key Issues in Historical Theory. Lon-don: Routledge, 2015.
Authors: Lima de Assis Gabriella
Published: December 2016

Resenha do livro "Key Issues in Historical Theory" (2015) de Herman Paul.
As cartas europeias: a história de uma seção na revista novaiorquina Partisan Review
Authors: Silva Matheus Cardoso
Published: December 2016

As cartas europeias enviadas para a célebre revista Partisan Review entre 1938 até meados da década de 1950, desde diversas cidades como Roma, Paris e Londres, compuseram seção em uma das publicações mais importante dos EUA no século XX. A publicação das cartas marca a transição da revista e seu círculo intelectual entre o internacionalismo político da esquerda nova-iorquina rumo a um internacionalismo literário, que simbolizava a busca de alternativas diante do esgotamento das narrativas hegemônicas locais – o marxismo e o modernismo – em responder aos dilemas políticos e sociais e tensões intelectuais no limiar da Segunda Guerra Mundial.Palavras-chave: Partisan Review; internacionalismo intelectual; Segunda Guerra Mundial.
O inquérito da Revista do Brasil (1940) sobre os rumos da literatura brasileira.
Authors: Luca Tania Regina de
Published: December 2016

O objetivo desse texto é analisar o inquérito sobre os rumos da literatura brasileira, levado a cabo no primeiro semestre de 1940 pela Revista do Brasil (1938-1943), então em sua terceira fase. Antes de explicitar os termos em que o mesmo foi organizado, os participantes da empreitada e seus resultados, importa historicizar a prática dos inquéritos bem como a trajetória da revista que o propôs e o contexto no qual o mesmo foi realizado.Palavras-chave: inquérito; Revista do Brasil (1938-1943); Modernismo.
Vanguardas revistas: Romantismo alemão e Modernismo brasileiro
Authors: Andrade Pedro Duarte de
Published: December 2016

O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar que a publicação de revistas pelos movimentos de vanguarda na época moderna não foi apenas uma circunstância eventual, mas se devia à busca de circulação veloz de ideias em uma nova linguagem com autoconsciência histórica. Para tanto, será usado um método interpretativo dos referenciais teóricos do Romantismo alemão no fim do século XVIII e do Modernismo brasileiro no começo do século XX, através do qual se pode concluir que o suporte material das revistas foi ao encontro do experimentalismo estético e da vontade polêmica dos posicionamentos de vanguarda na cultura.Palavras-chave: revistas; vanguarda; Modernismo.
Revistas francesas no Brasil. Caminhos da modernidade: catálogos e mediadores (Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, séculos XIX e XX)
Authors: Guimarães Valéria
Published: December 2016

A partir da análise de vestígios da circulação de impressos periódicos franceses no Brasil dos séculos XIX e início do XX, foi possível identificar títulos que difundiam o imaginário francês da modernidade e do modernismo. Nosso recorte espacial restringe-se às cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo cujo mercado editorial, embora tenha tido ritmos de desenvolvimento diversos, são integrados a um mesmo espaço midiático francófono por ação de mediadores culturais como livreiros, bibliotecários e homens de letras em geral. Sob uma perspectiva transnacional, podemos colocar em questão as relações culturais estabelecidas entre a imprensa brasileira e francesa, em um ambiente de marcada francofonia mundial do qual o Brasil fez parte.Palavras-chave: imprensa periódica; francofonia no Brasil; transnacional.
De pinceis e letras: os manifestos literários e visuais no modernismo amazônico na década de 1920
Authors: Figueiredo Aldrin Moura de
Published: December 2016

Este artigo analisa a importância e a divulgação dos manifestos literários e visuais no modernismo amazônico na década de 1920, especialmente no contexto de duas revistas que circularam em Belém do Pará – A Semana e Belém Nova. Partindo das influências do manifesto como libelo artístico, passando pelo debate sobre os diferentes modernismos brasileiros, até chegar nos grupos intelectuais paraenses, objetivamos aqui analisar a produção literária e pictórica como parte do repertório político de afirmação da identidade nacional brasileira. Ideias de futuro, juventude, vanguarda, saber e arte indígenas, fizeram parte do repertório cognitivo de sustentação “mental” e “espiritual” desses manifestos, nas contendas com o passado e da construção do presente.Palavras-chave: Modernismo; Amazônia; arte e literatura.
Samuel Wainer: a luta pela liberdade de expressão em Diretrizes (1938-1944)
Authors: Rouchou Joëlle Rachel
Published: December 2016

A revista Diretrizes foi lançada em maio de 1938 pelo intelectual conservador Azevedo Amaral. Sete meses depois, o periódico passa a ser dirigido por Samuel Wainer que imprime uma linha editorial progressista e nacionalista, até seu fim, em julho de 1944. Interessa-nos analisar os temas escolhidos pela publicação, as contribuições de textos para a história da imprensa, dando ênfase aos editoriais, comparando as posições dos primeiros editorialistas no ano de 1938: Azevedo Amaral e Genolino Amado.Palavras-chave: Diretrizes; jornalismo; Samuel Wainer.
The relationship between institutional and management ownership and financial flexibility in Iran
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Laridashtbayaz Mahmoud , Lotfi Azimi Afsaneh
Published: December 2016

The aim of the current study is to investigate the factors affecting the companies’ ownership structure and the effect of financial health and flexibility on these factors. The statistical technique used to test the hypothesis proposed in this research is panel data. R software used to test the hypotheses. The statistical sample consists of 786 observations in 8 industries as automotive industry, chemical, rubber and plastics, pharmaceuticals, cement-lime plaster, food except sugar, basic metals and machinery over the years 2009-2014. The findings show that a positive interrelation exists between the management share, percentage of institutional owners, rate of return and percent of company growth, and the company’s financial flexibility strengthens the relationship between the percentage of institutional owners’ share and managers’ share.
Corporate performance indicators: The case of universities
Authors: Mokoena Bakae Aubrey , Mafini Chengedzai
Published: December 2016

This paper re-examines the long-standing and unresolved debate regarding the use of performance indicators in higher education. This paper aims to identify the primary variables that comprise university performance from the perspectives of academics within universities of technology in South Africa. A structured questionnaire was administered to a conveniently selected sample of 507 academics recruited from five universities of technology in South Africa. Using the exploratory factor analysis technique, five indicators were used as sub-dimensions to measure university performance were identified. These were 1) recognition, 2) image, 3) collaboration, 4) spin-off, 5) employability and 6) research. Overall, the research results suggests that these five performance indicators can assist South Africa’s universities of technology to achieve a higher level of institutional performance. The boards responsible for running universities of technology should consider which strategic management approaches they are currently utilising and streamline them to cement their competitive advantage and superior performance.
Impression management in chairmen’s letters: An empirical study of banks’ annual reports in MENA region
Authors: Mahboub Rasha , Mostapha Nehale , Hegazy Wagdy
Published: December 2016

The study aims to investigate the extent of existence of strategies of impression management (IM) in the narrative section of 200 annual reports of a sample of 50 banks in five different countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab of Emirates) for 2011-2014. Seven variables were employed to identify the existence of IM strategies in the chairmen’s letters of the bank’s annual reports. By employing descriptive statistics, frequency distribution and proportion test, it was found that four out of the seven strategies have existed in the chairmen’s letters. These strategies are reading ease manipulation, visual and structural manipulation, performance comparisons, and performance attribution. It is interesting to note that the narrative of the annual report of major banks in MENA region was very difficult to read. This result may perhaps encourage more consideration to the obstacles of effective communication that are the basic mean of facilitating rational resource decision making. Moreover, the results demonstrated that management of banks in MENA region choose benchmarks that portray current bank performance in the best possible light; further they highlight good news rather than bad news and placing this good news in the most emphasized sections of the chairmen’s letters; also they prefer to blame the environment for bad news, but take the credit themselves for good news. Therefore, the study recommends auditing regulators to issue a new standard in which auditors are required to confirm the reliability of the information in the accounting narratives of banks annual reports.
Pain and discomfort during the first week of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using two different RME appliances: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Feldmann Ingalill , Bazargani Farhan
Published: December 2016

Objectives:

To evaluate and compare perceived pain intensity, discomfort, and jaw function impairment during the first week with tooth-borne or tooth-bone–borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-four patients (28 girls and 26 boys) with a mean age of 9.8 years (SD 1.28 years) were randomized into two groups. Group A received a conventional hyrax appliance and group B a hybrid hyrax appliance anchored on mini-implants in the anterior palate. Questionnaires were used to assess pain intensity, discomfort, analgesic consumption, and jaw function impairment on the first and fourth days after RME appliance insertion.

Results:

Fifty patients answered both questionnaires. Overall median pain on the first day in treatment was 13.0 (range 0–82) and 3.5 (0–78) for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant differences in pain, discomfort, analgesic consumption, or functional jaw impairment between groups. Overall median pain on the fourth day was 9.0 (0–90) and 2.0 (0–71) for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant differences between groups. There were also no significant differences in pain levels within group A, while group B scored significantly lower concerning pain from molars and incisors and tensions from the jaw on day 4 than on the first day in treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between age and pain and discomfort on the fourth day in treatment. No correlations were found between sex and pain and discomfort, analgesic consumption, and jaw function impairment.

Conclusions:

Both tooth-borne and tooth-bone–borne RME were generally well tolerated by the patients during the first week of treatment.
An Increased Diagnostic Sensitivity of Truncated GAD65 Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes May Be Related to HLA-DQ8
Authors: Wester Axel , Skärstrand Hanna , Lind Alexander , Ramelius Anita , Carlsson Annelie , Cedervall Elisabeth , Jönsson Björn , Ivarsson Sten A. , Elding Larsson Helena , Larsson Karin , Lindberg Bengt , Neiderud Jan , Fex Malin , Törn Carina , Lernmark Åke
Published: December 2016

N-terminally truncated (96–585) GAD65 (tGAD65) autoantibodies may better delineate type 1 diabetes than full-length GAD65 (fGAD65) autoantibodies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between fGAD65 and tGAD65 autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes in relation to HLA-DQ. Sera from children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (n = 654) and healthy control subjects (n = 605) were analyzed in radiobinding assays for fGAD65 (fGADA), tGAD65 (tGADA), and commercial 125I-GAD65 (RSRGADA) autoantibodies. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the receiver operating characteristic curve did not differ between fGADA and tGADA. At the optimal cutoff, the diagnostic sensitivity for fGADA was lower than tGADA at similar diagnostic specificities. In 619 patients, 64% were positive for RSRGADA compared with 68% for fGADA and 74% for tGADA. Using non-DQ2/non-DQ8 patients as reference, the risk of being diagnosed with fGADA and tGADA was increased in patients with DQ2/2 and DQ2/8. Notably, logistic regression analysis suggested that DQ8/8 patients had an increased risk to be diagnosed with tGADA (P = 0.003) compared with fGADA (P = 0.09). tGADA had a higher diagnostic sensitivity for type 1 diabetes than both fGADA and RSRGADA. As DQ8/8 patients represent 10–11% of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes <18 years of age, tGADA analysis should prove useful for disease classification.
Endogenous α2A-Adrenoceptor–Operated Sympathoadrenergic Tones Attenuate Insulin Secretion via cAMP/TRPM2 Signaling
Authors: Ito Kiyonori , Dezaki Katsuya , Yoshida Masashi , Yamada Hodaka , Miura Rina , Rita Rauza Sukma , Ookawara Susumu , Tabei Kaoru , Kawakami Masanobu , Hara Kazuo , Morishita Yoshiyuki , Yada Toshihiko , Kakei Masafumi
Published: December 2016

In pancreatic β-cells, pharmacological concentrations of catecholamines, including adrenaline, have been used to inhibit insulin release and explore the multiple mechanisms involved. However, the significance of these signaling pathways for physiological adrenergic functions in β-cells is largely unknown. In the process of glucose-induced insulin secretion, opening of background current through nonselective cation channels (NSCCs) might facilitate membrane depolarization by closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Here, we examined whether physiological insulinostatic adrenaline action is mediated via the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel, a type of NSCC, in β-cells. Results showed that physiological concentrations of adrenaline strongly suppressed glucose-induced and incretin-potentiated cAMP production and insulin secretion and inhibited NSCCs current and membrane excitability via the α2A-adrenoceptor in wild-type mice; however, insulin secretion was not attenuated in TRPM2-knockout (KO) mice. Administration of yohimbine, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to affect glucose tolerance in TRPM2-KO mice, in contrast to an improved glucose tolerance in wild-type mice receiving the antagonist. The current study demonstrated that a physiological concentration of adrenaline attenuates insulin release via coupling of α2A-adrenoceptor to cAMP/TRPM2 signaling, thereby providing a potential therapeutic tool to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.
Effects of prophylactic incisional gastropexy on markers of gastric motility in dogs as determined by use of a novel wireless motility device
Authors: Gazzola Krista M. , Nelson Laura L. , Fritz Michele C. , Clancy Michelle R. , Hauptman Joe G.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate effects of laparoscopic-assisted incisional gastropexy (LAIG) on gastric motility in dogs by use of a wireless motility device (WMD).

ANIMALS

10 healthy client-owned large or giant-breed dogs.

PROCEDURES

10 dogs owned by clients interested in prophylactic LAIG were enrolled. To determine effects of LAIG on gastrointestinal motility in dogs during the nonfed state, each dog was evaluated by use of a noninvasive WMD before and > 4 weeks after LAIG. All dogs underwent LAIG, with or without concurrent elective gonadectomy. Data obtained before and after LAIG were analyzed by use of proprietary software to determine the gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, large bowel transit time, whole bowel transit time, and motility index.

RESULTS

No changes in variables were detected between measurements obtained before and after prophylactic LAIG.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

In this study, prophylactic LAIG did not have an effect on gastrointestinal motility. The WMD was tolerated well by all dogs and appeared to be a safe and effective method for evaluating gastrointestinal motility in this population of dogs.
Effect of fentanyl and lidocaine on the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration preventing motor movement in dogs
Authors: Suarez Martin A. , Seddighi Reza , Egger Christine M. , Rohrbach Barton W. , Cox Sherry K. , KuKanich Butch K. , Doherty Thomas J.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of fentanyl, lidocaine, and a fentanyl-lidocaine combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane preventing motor movement (MACNM) in dogs.

ANIMALS 6 adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen 3 times (1-week intervals). Baseline MACNM (MACNM-B) was determined starting 45 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Dogs then received 1 of 3 treatments IV: fentanyl (loading dose, 15 μg/kg; constant rate infusion [CRI], 6 μg/kg/h), lidocaine (loading dose, 2 mg/kg; CRI, 6 mg/kg/h), and the fentanyl-lidocaine combination at the same doses. Determination of treatment MACNM (MACNM-T) was initiated 90 minutes after start of the CRI. Venous blood samples were collected at the time of each treatment MACNM measurement for determination of plasma concentrations of fentanyl and lidocaine.

RESULTS Mean ± SEM overall MACNM-B for the 3 treatments was 2.70 ± 0.27 vol%. The MACNM decreased from MACNM-B to MACNM-T by 39%, 21%, and 55% for fentanyl, lidocaine, and the fentanyl-lidocaine combination, respectively. This decrease differed significantly among treatments. Plasma fentanyl concentration was 3.25 and 2.94 ng/mL for fentanyl and the fentanyl-lidocaine combination, respectively. Plasma lidocaine concentration was 2,570 and 2,417 ng/mL for lidocaine and the fentanyl-lidocaine combination, respectively. Plasma fentanyl and lidocaine concentrations did not differ significantly between fentanyl and the fentanyl-lidocaine combination or between lidocaine and the fentanyl-lidocaine combination.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CRIs of fentanyl, lidocaine, and the fentanyl-lidocaine combination at the doses used were associated with clinically important and significant decreases in the MACNM of sevoflurane in dogs.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous continuous rate infusions of sodium benzylpenicillin and ceftiofur sodium in adult horses
Authors: Edwards Scott H. , Khalfan Shahid A. , Jacobson Glenn A. , Pirie Adam D. , Raidal Sharanne L.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine plasma drug concentrations after IV administration of a bolus followed by continuous rate infusion (CRI) of sodium benzylpenicillin and ceftiofur sodium to healthy adult horses.

ANIMALS 6 Thoroughbred mares (3 to 9 years old; mean ± SD body weight, 544 ± 55 kg) with no history of recent antimicrobial treatment.

PROCEDURES Horses were used in 2 experiments conducted 14 days apart. For each experiment, horses were housed individually in stables, and catheters were placed bilaterally in both jugular veins for drug administration by CRI (left catheter) and for intermittent collection of blood samples (right catheter). Synovial fluid samples were obtained from carpal joints following ceftiofur administration to evaluate drug diffusion into articular spaces.

RESULTS Plasma concentrations above accepted minimum inhibitory concentrations for common pathogens of horses were achieved within 1 minute after bolus administration and remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration for 48 (ceftiofur) or 12 (benzylpenicillin) hours (ie, the duration of the CRI). Mean synovial fluid ceftiofur free acid equivalent concentrations were approximately 46% (range, 25.4% to 59.8%) of plasma concentrations at the end of infusion.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with intermittent bolus administration, the loading dose and CRI used less drug but maintained high plasma concentrations for the duration of infusion. By use of pharmacological parameters derived in this study, a loading dose of 2.5 mg/kg and CRI of 200 μg/kg/h should achieve plasma ceftiofur concentrations of 4 μg/mL; a loading dose and CRI of 1.3 mg/kg and 2.5 μg/kg/h, respectively, should achieve plasma benzylpenicillin concentrations of 2 μg/mL.
Assessment of eosinophil peroxidase as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bastan Idil , Robinson Nicholas A. , Ge Xiao Na , Rendahl Aaron K. , Rao Savita P. , Washabau Robert J. , Sriramarao P.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a method for identifying intact and degranulated eosinophils in the small intestine of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by use of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against eosinophil peroxidase (EPX).

ANIMALS 11 untreated dogs with IBD, 5 dogs with IBD treated with prednisolone, and 8 control dogs with no clinical evidence of gastrointestinal tract disease and no immunosuppressive treatment.

PROCEDURES 4-μm-thick sections of paraffin-embedded tissues from necropsy specimens were immunostained with EPX mAb. Stained intact and degranulated eosinophils in consecutive microscopic fields (400X magnification) of the upper (villus tips) and lower (between the muscularis mucosae and crypts) regions of the lamina propria of the jejunum were manually counted.

RESULTS Compared with control and treated IBD dogs, untreated IBD dogs had a significantly higher number of degranulated eosinophils in the lower region of the lamina propria. However, no significant differences were detected in the number of intact eosinophils in this region among groups. In the upper region of the lamina propria, untreated IBD dogs had a significantly higher number of degranulated and intact eosinophils, compared with control and treated IBD dogs. Number of degranulated and intact eosinophils did not differ significantly between control and treated IBD dogs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Immunohistologic analysis with EPX mAb yielded prominent granule staining that allowed reliable morphological identification of degranulated and intact eosinophils, which may provide a strategy for quantitative and selective evaluation of eosinophils in gastrointestinal biopsy specimens and a potential method to diagnose IBD and evaluate treatment outcome.
High-resolution melting analysis for detection of a single-nucleotide polymorphism and the genotype of the myostatin gene in warmblood horses
Authors: Serpa Priscila B. S. , Garbade Petra , Natalini Cláudio C. , Pires Ananda R. , Tisotti Tainor M.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE To develop a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay to detect the g.66493737C>T polymorphism in the myostatin gene (MSTN) and determine the frequency of 3 previously defined g.66493737 genotypes (T/T, T/C, and C/C) in warmblood horses.

SAMPLES Blood samples from 23 horses.

PROCEDURES From each blood sample, DNA was extracted and analyzed by standard PCR methods and an HRM assay to determine the MSTN genotype. Three protocols (standard protocol, protocol in which a high-salt solution was added to the reaction mixture before the first melting cycle, and protocol in which an unlabeled probe was added to the reaction mixture before analysis) for the HRM assay were designed and compared. Genotype results determined by the HRM protocol that generated the most consistent melting curves were compared with those determined by sequencing.

RESULTS The HRM protocol in which an unlabeled probe was added to the reaction mixture generated the most consistent melting curves. The genotypes of the g.66493737C>T polymorphism were determined for 22 horses (16 by HRM analysis and 20 by sequencing); 14, 7, and 1 had the T/T, T/C, and C/C genotypes, respectively. The genotype determined by HRM analysis agreed with that determined by sequencing for 14 of 16 horses. The frequency of alleles T and C was 79.5% and 20.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that HRM analysis may be a faster and more economical alternative than PCR methods for genotyping. Genotyping results might be useful as predictors of athletic performance for horses.
Evaluation of procoagulant tissue factor expression in canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Witter Lauren E. , Gruber Erika J. , Lean Fabian Z. X. , Stokol Tracy
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate expression of procoagulant tissue factor (TF) by canine hemangiosarcoma cells in vitro.

SAMPLES 4 canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines (SB-HSA [mouse-passaged cutaneous tumor], Emma [primary metastatic brain tumor], and Frog and Dal-1 [primary splenic tumors]) and 1 nonneoplastic canine endothelial cell line (CnAoEC).

PROCEDURES TF mRNA and TF antigen expression were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Thrombin generation was measured in canine plasma and in coagulation factor–replete or specific coagulation factor–deficient human plasma by calibrated automated thrombography. Corn trypsin inhibitor and annexin V were used to examine contributions of contact activation and membrane-bound phosphatidylserine, respectively, to thrombin generation.

RESULTS All cell lines expressed TF mRNA and antigen, with significantly greater expression of both products in SB-HSA and Emma cells than in CnAoEC. A greater percentage of SB-HSA cells expressed TF antigen, compared with other hemangiosarcoma cell lines. All hemangiosarcoma cell lines generated significantly more thrombin than did CnAoEC in canine or factor-replete human plasma. Thrombin generation induced by SB-HSA cells was significantly lower in factor VII–deficient plasma than in factor-replete plasma and was abolished in factor X–deficient plasma; residual thrombin generation in factor VII–deficient plasma was abolished by incubation of cells with annexin V. Thrombin generation by SB-HSA cells was unaffected by the addition of corn trypsin inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hemangiosarcoma cell lines expressed procoagulant TF in vitro. Further research is needed to determine whether TF can be used as a biomarker for hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with hemangiosarcoma.
Pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) infected with Pseudogymnoascus destructans
Authors: Court Michael H. , Robbins Alison H. , Whitford Anne M. , Beck Erika V. , Tseng Flo S. , Reeder DeeAnn M.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

To determine the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) infected with Pseudogymnoascus destructans.

ANIMALS

123 bats from a P destructans–infected hibernation site in Virginia.

PROCEDURES

3 bats were euthanized and necropsied to confirm the presence of P destructans within the population. The remaining 120 bats were systematically assigned to 6 groups (20 bats/group). Bats in each of 3 groups received 6, 20, or 60 mg of terbinafine/kg, SC, once daily for 10 days. Bats in another group received 200 mg of terbinafine/kg, SC, once daily for 5 days. Bats in 1 group received the terbinafine vehicle solution (0.1 mL/kg, SC, once daily for 10 days). Bats in the remaining group did not receive any treatment. Following the treatment period (days 1 through 10), bats were housed in a hibernation chamber and monitored daily until euthanasia on day 42, 75, or 109. Tissue specimens were collected from all bats as soon as possible after death or euthanasia to determine terbinafine concentration. Within each group and tissue type, terbinafine concentration data were pooled, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods.

RESULTS

Adverse neurologic effects and a high mortality rate before day 10 were observed in bats that received the highest terbinafine dose (200 mg/kg) but not those that received lower doses. Presumed therapeutic terbinafine concentrations (≥ 2 μg/g) were maintained in skin and wing for at least 30 and 6 days in bats that received the 60 and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively, but were not achieved in most bats that received the 6 mg/kg dose. Tissue terminal half-life ranged from 14 to 22 days. Terbinafine concentration in hair was positively correlated with that in skin and wing.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated terbinafine doses > 6 but < 200 mg/kg should be further evaluated for the treatment of P destructans–infected bats. Collection of serial hair specimens may represent a noninvasive method for monitoring terbinafine concentration in treated bats.