bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective microautophagy of proteasomes is initiated by ESCRT-0 and is promoted by proteasome ubiquitylation
Authors: Li Jianhui , Hochstrasser Mark
Published: January 2022

The proteasome is central to proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome system under normal growth conditions but is itself degraded through macroautophagy under nutrient stress. A recently described AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent microautophagy pathway also regulates proteasome trafficking and degradation in low-glucose conditions in yeast. Aberrant proteasomes are more prone to microautophagy, suggesting the ESCRT system fine-tunes proteasome quality control under low-glucose stress. Here, we uncover additional features of the selective microautophagy of proteasomes in budding yeast. Genetic or pharmacological induction of aberrant proteasomes is associated with increased mono- or oligo-ubiquitylation of proteasome components, which appears to be recognized by ESCRT-0. AMPK controls this pathway in part by regulating the trafficking of ESCRT-0 to the vacuole surface, which also leads to degradation of the Vps27 subunit of ESCRT-0. The Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase contributes to proteasome subunit ubiquitylation, and multiple ubiquitin-binding elements in Vps27 are involved in their recognition. We propose that ESCRT-0 at the vacuole surface recognizes ubiquitylated proteasomes and initiates their microautophagic elimination during glucose depletion.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Metabolic trade-offs favor regulated hypothermia and inhibit fever in immune-challenged chicks
Authors: do Amaral-Silva Lara , da Silva Welex Cândido , Gargaglioni Luciane Helena , Bícego Kênia Cardoso
Published: January 2022

The febrile response to resist a pathogen is energetically expensive, while regulated hypothermia seems to preserve energy for vital functions. We hypothesized here that immune-challenged birds facing metabolic trade-offs (reduced energy supply/increased energy demand) favor a regulated hypothermic response at the expense of fever. To test this hypothesis, we compared 5 day old broiler chicks exposed to fasting, cold (25°C), and fasting combined with cold with a control group fed under thermoneutral conditions (30°C). The chicks were injected with saline or with a high dose of endotoxin known to induce a biphasic thermal response composed of a drop in body temperature (Tb) followed by fever. Then Tb, oxygen consumption (metabolic rate), peripheral vasomotion (cutaneous heat exchange), breathing frequency (respiratory heat exchange) and huddling behavior (heat conservation indicator) were analyzed. Irrespective of metabolic trade-offs, chicks presented a transient regulated hypothermia in the first hour, which relied on a suppressed metabolic rate for all groups, increased breathing frequency for chicks fed/fasted at 30°C, and peripheral vasodilation in chicks fed/fasted at 25°C. Fever was observed only in chicks kept at thermoneutrality and was supported by peripheral vasoconstriction and huddling behavior. Fed and fasted chicks at 25°C completely eliminated fever despite the ability to increase metabolic rate for thermogenesis in the phase correspondent to fever when it was pharmacologically induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Our data suggest that increased competing demands affect chicks' response to an immune challenge, favoring regulated hypothermia to preserve energy while the high costs of fever to resist a pathogen are avoided.
Highly Active Ni/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared Through Citric Acid-Assisted Impregnation for the Hydrogenation of Acetoin to 2,3-Butanediol
Authors: Nakazono Kazuki , Hosaka Shuya , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: January 2022

The vapor-phase hydrogenation of acetoin (AC) to 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) was investigated over SiO2-supported Ni (Ni/SiO2) catalysts prepared by impregnation assisted with organic additives. Among 14 catalysts with different organic additives, the Ni/SiO2 prepared with citric acid (CA) was found to show the highest activity. The Ni/SiO2 catalyst prepared with CA has a much higher hydrogenation ability for AC and a higher selectivity to 2,3-BDO than typical noble metal catalysts. In addition, it was preferable that the hydrogenation of AC was conducted at a low temperature in the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation equilibrium between AC and 2,3-BDO to provide 2,3-BDO selectively.
Heidegger in reverse
Authors: Ξύγκης Ιάσων-Σπυρίδων
Published: January 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή υποστηρίζει τη δυνατότητα χάραξης μιας σαφούς διάκρισης μεταξύ του πρώιμου και του ύστερου Heidegger, καταστρώνοντας και σταδιακά επαληθεύοντας μια υπόθεση εργασίας σχετικά με τη δομή, το περιεχόμενο και τη στόχευση του αδημοσίευτου τρίτου τμήματος του πρώτου μέρους του "Είναι και Χρόνος". Τούτο το επιδιώκει μέσω της ερμηνευτικής ανασυγκρότησης της συνάφειας μεταξύ: α) των ισχυρισμών του ίδιου του Heidegger όσον αφορά το κριτήριο αποτίμησης της (α)συνέχειας της σκέψης του στην επιστολή του στον William Richardson· β) των βασικών κατευθύνσεων της χαιντεγγεριανής ερμηνείας της "Κριτικής του Καθαρού Λόγου" στο "Ο Καντ και το Πρόβλημα της Μεταφυσικής"· γ) της δομής του "Είναι και Χρόνος" όπως αυτή περιγράφεται στην εισαγωγή του έργου. Παράλληλα, στα πλαίσια τούτης της ανασυγκρότησης επιχειρείται η θεμελίωση της αποδειξιμότητας του εξής ισχυρισμού: εφόσον η παραγνωρισμένη έννοια μιας «Στροφής εντός της ερωτηματικής σκέψης» αποσαφηνιστεί ως προς τη φύση, το περιεχόμενο, τις προϋποθέσεις και τις επιπτώσεις της, η πολυσυζητημένη Στροφή της σκέψης του Heidegger αναδύεται ως άμεσα συναρτημένη με την εκ των υστέρων αυτο-κριτική επανεξέταση της απώτατης στόχευσης του εγχειρήματος του "Είναι και Χρόνος" από την οπτική γωνία της προσωπικής και φιλοσοφικής συστράτευσης του Heidegger με τον ναζισμό. Υπό αυτήν την έννοια, η συνεισφορά της παρούσας διατριβής στις χαιντεγγεριανές σπουδές μπορεί να θεωρηθεί διττή. Αφενός, υπερασπίζεται τη μάλλον κοινότοπη θέση πως η κατανόηση των λόγων που οδήγησαν στην εγκατάλειψη του εγχειρήματος του "Είναι και Χρόνος" προϋποθέτει τη διαύγαση του υπερβατολογικού του χαρακτήρα και της συνάφειας του τελευταίου με την αποστολή της επίλυσης του προβλήματος της μεταφυσικής. Αφετέρου, η πρωτοτυπία της συνίσταται στο γεγονός ότι καταστρώνει το σχετικό επιχείρημα με τρόπο που καθιστά αποδείξιμη την υπόθεση ότι η διάκριση μεταξύ πρώιμου και ύστερου Heidegger μπορεί να αποτιμηθεί ικανοποιητικά μονάχα στη βάση του τρόπου που ο ίδιος ο Heidegger ερμήνευσε τις οντολογικές προκείμενες της καταστροφικής ανάμειξής του με την πολιτική.
Ονειρικός λόγος και γυναικεία ταυτότητα στη νεότερη ελληνική πεζογραφία
Authors: Κακαρούκα Παναγιώτα
Published: January 2022

Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι να εξετάσει τον περί ονείρου λόγο στη σύγχρονη νεοελληνική πεζογραφία, έτσι όπως διαμορφώνεται από τη δεκαετία του 1980 έως σήμερα, σε έργα γυναικών πεζογράφων της μεταπολιτευτικής περιόδου (Ρέα Γαλανάκη, Μάρω Δούκα, Ζυράννα Ζατέλη, Μαργαρίτα Καραπάνου, Ιωάννα Καρυστιάνη, Δήμητρα Κολλιάκου, Μαρία Μήτσορα, Αμάντα Μιχαλοπούλου, Κωνσταντία Σωτηρίου, Έρση Σωτηροπούλου, Σώτη Τριανταφύλλου, Ευγενία Φακίνου, κ.ά.), καθώς και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο λόγος αυτός συμβάλλει στην κατασκευή μιας γυναικείας ταυτότητας. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, εξετάζονται λογοτεχνικά όνειρα δημιουργημένα από γυναίκες συγγραφείς, έτσι όπως τα αφηγούνται οι ονειρευόμενες ηρωίδες τους. Με σημείο αναφοράς την αφήγηση του εαυτού μέσα από το δίπολο ταυτότητα – ετερότητα και με μεθοδολογικές αναφορές από τον χώρο της ψυχανάλυσης και της αφηγηματολογίας, διερευνώνται, μεταξύ άλλων, πτυχές της μνημονικής, της σεξουαλικής, της διαγενεακής και της ιστορικής ταυτότητας.
Η κλινική σημασία της ανίχνευσης αγγειογενετικών παραγόντων σε ασθενείς με διαφοροποιημένο καρκίνο θυρεοειδούς αδένα
Authors: Νίξον Αλέξανδρος-Μιχαήλ
Published: January 2022

Σκοπός: Ο διαφοροποιημένος καρκίνος του θυρεοειδούς είναι η πιο συχνή κακοήθης νόσο των ενδοκρινών αδένων. Με βάση αυτό το γεγονός η καλύτερη κατανόηση των μηχανισμών που οδηγούν σε ογκογένεση είναι καίριας σημασίας. Η αγγειογένεση αποτελεί κομβικό μηχανισμό στη γένεση πολλών ειδών καρκίνου. Προηγούμενες μελέτες έχουν αναδείξει πως η αγγειογένεση διαδραματίζει ρόλο και στον διαφοροποιημένο καρκίνο θυρεοειδούς. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να αναδείξει παράγοντες με συμμετοχή στην αγγγειογενετική διαδικασία, η ανίχνευση των οποίων θα μπορούσε να οδηγήσει σε καλύτερη κατανόηση των υποκείμενων μηχανισμών ογκογένεσης στον καρκίνο θυρεοειδούς. Για το λόγο αυτό μελετήθηκαν τα επίπεδα Αγγειοποιητίνης-1 και-2 (Ang-1 και Ang-2), Αυξητικού παράγοντα των ενδοθηλιακών κυττάρων-1 (VEGF-A), γαλεκτίνης-3 (Gal-3), υποδοχέα του ενεργοποιητή πλασμινογόνου τύπου ουροκινάσης (uPAR) και αναστολέα της ενεργοποίησης του πλασμινογόνου (PAI-1) στην περιφερική κυκλοφορία ατόμων με καρκίνο θυρεοειδούς σε σχέση με ομάδες ελέγχου.Ασθενείς και μεθοδολογία: Στη μελέτη συμπεριελήφθησαν 138 ασθενείς που θα υποβάλλονταν σε ολική θυρεοειδεκτομή με προεγχειρητική διάγνωση διαφοροποιημένου καρκίνου θυρεοειδούς ή μη τοξικής πολυοζώδους βρογχοκήλης. Ως ομάδα ελέγχου ενσωματώθηκαν 58 ευθυρεοειδικοί υγιείς μάρτυρες. Μετά από την οριστική παθολογοανατομική έκθεση οι συμμετέχοντες συγκροτήθηκαν στις ακόλουθες ομάδες: διαφοροποιημένος καρκίνος θυρεοειδούς (DTC), μικροκαρκίνωμα και πολυοζώδη βρογχοκήλη (MNG). Προ του χειρουργείου ελήφθησαν δείγματα περιφερικού αίματος για μέτρηση των επιπέδων Ang-1, Ang-2, VEGF, Gal-3, uPAR και PAI-1 με τη μέθοδο ενζυμικής ανοσοπροσρόφησης. Έξι μήνες μετά το χειρουργείο, μια τυχαία επιλεγμένη ομάδα 28 χειρουργημένων ατόμων υποβλήθηκαν σε νέο αιματολογικό έλεγχο.Αποτελέσματα: Χαμηλότερες τιμές Ang-1 παρατηρήθηκαν στις ομάδες DTC και μικροκαρκινώματος σε σχέση με τους υγιείς μάρτυρες (37,790 ± 11,270 pg/ml και 37,190 ± 11,380 pg/ml έναντι 47,720 ± 20,630 pg/ml p<0.05 αντίστοιχα). Παρατηρήθηκε πιο εκσεσημασμένη διαφορά μεταξύ MNG και υγιών μαρτύρων (37,430 ± 20,630 pg/ml έναντι 47,720 ± 20,630 pg/ml p<0.001). Μη σημαντική διαφορά παρατηρήθηκε στα επίπεδα PAI-1 μεταξύ ατόμων με μικροκαρκίνωμα και μαρτύρων αλλά δε σημείωσε σημαντικότητα (p=0.062). Στην υποομάδα που υποβλήθηκε σε επανέλεγχο διαπιστώθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική αύξηση στα επίπεδα Ang-1 μετά το χειρουργείο (41,690 ± 2,570 pg/ml έναντι 53,680 ± 3,250 pg/ml, p<0.05). Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές για τις υπόλοιπες ομάδες (p<0.05).Συμπεράσματα: Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης υποδηλώνουν ότι η παρουσία καλοήθους (υπό τη μορφή MNG) και κακοήθους νόσου του θυρεοειδούς επηρεάζει τα επίπεδα Ang-1 στην κυκλοφορία. Επιπροσθέτως η ολική αφαίρεση του πάσχοντος αδένα οδηγεί σε αύξηση των τιμών της Ang-1, έξι μήνες μετά το χειρουργείο. Μεγαλύτερης κλίμακας μελέτες είναι απαραίτητες ώστε να αποσαφηνίσουν τη σημασία των ευρημάτων αυτών
Διερευνώντας το δημογραφικό «προφίλ» της Ευρωπαϊκής κοινωνικο-οικονομικής ταξινόμησης (ESeC) για την Ελλάδα, 2002-2010
Authors: Yfanti Aggeliki
Published: January 2022

Για τη μέτρηση των κοινωνικών χαρακτηριστικών των συμμετεχόντων στις δειγματοληπτικές κοινωνικές έρευνες έχουν αναπτυχθεί διεθνείς ταξινομήσεις έτσι ώστε να θεμελιώνεται η διαχρονική αλλά και μεταξύ των χωρών συγκρισιμότητα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η Eurostat ανέπτυξε την Ευρωπαϊκή κοινωνικο-οικονομική ταξινόμηση (ESeC) για τη μελέτη της εξέλιξης των κοινωνικών δομών και της κοινωνικής αλλαγής. Στη θεωρητική σύλληψη αυτής της ταξινόμησης, ωστόσο, έχει ασκηθεί κριτική σχετικά με την εφαρμογή της, ειδικά στις χώρες του Ευρωπαϊκού Νότου. Στην παρούσα εργασία, η διερεύνηση των ζητημάτων που προκύπτουν από την εφαρμογή της ESeC στην Ελλάδα βασίζεται στην κατασκευή του δημογραφικού της «προφίλ» σύμφωνα με τα δεδομένα της Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινωνικής Έρευνας (ESS) για τα έτη 2002, 2004, 2008 και 2010.
Assessment of nurses’ and assistants’ knowledge on the prevention and management of pressure ulcers
Authors: Vrachni Eleni , Kaba Evridiki , Fasoi Georgia , Stavropoulou Areti , Bourazani Maria , Kelesi Martha
Published: January 2022

Background: The pressure ulcers constitute a major clinical problem with enormous socio-economic consequences worldwide. Nurses' knowledge on pressure ulcers’ management plays a crucial role in the prevalence of pressure ulcers.Aim: The investigation of nurses’ knowledge, working in a general hospital, regarding the prevention and management of pressure ulcers. Material and Method: It was a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 54 nurses and assistants working in medical and surgical departments of a General Hospital in Athens, Greece. The collection of data took place from June 2019 until November 2019. The analysis of data conducted using the IBM SPSS® program, version 25 (IBM Corp. in Armonk, NY).Results: The mean age of the participants was 42,73 ±8,42 years, and 90,6% were women, with an average work experience of 19,05±9,84 years. The age of nurses of the sample was not associated with the knowledge regarding the prevention of pressure ulcers (p = 0,80).  No significant differences were found between their knowledge and the department of work, or the years of work experience and the related seminars organized in the department (p > 0,05). Nurses who had a postgraduate degree had statistically significant more correct answers (p = 0,01).Conclusions: Despite the development of nursing science in the treatment of pressure ulcers, nurses continue to present insufficient knowledge in the daily clinical practice. Τhe implementation of clinical guidelines and the continuing education courses may help nurses to enhance their knowledge.
„Polak w Indiach” (1943–1948). Organ Delegatury Ministerstwa Pracy i Opieki Społecznej w Bombaju
Authors: Seroka Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Artykuł poświęcony jest czasopismu „Polak w Indiach”, które było organem prasowym Delegatury Ministerstwa Pracy i Opieki Społecznej. Periodyk ukazywał się w Indiach w latach 1943–1948. Był to dwutygodnik, początkowo integrujący Polaków w okresie II wojny światowej, a potem zaspokajający głód wiedzy o sytuacji na ziemiach polskich, tak bardzo od Indii odległych. Gazeta stanowiła również kronikę poloników indyjskich – opisywała życie polskiej diaspory. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie okoliczności powstania czasopisma, jego tematyki i roli, jaką odegrało dla polskich wychodźców.
„Na pierwszej linii drogowcy, kolejarze, energetycy i wojsko”. Tak zwana zima stulecia 1979 roku na przykładzie Ziemi Lubuskiej
Authors: Skobelski Robert
Published: January 2022

Artykuł dotyczy zimy stulecia 1979 r., której skutki przedstawiono na przykładzie Ziemi Lubuskiej w szerokim kontekście ogólnopolskim. Warunki w kraju i tytułowym regionie zostały przeanalizowane w różnych dziedzinach życia gospodarczego i społecznego: komunikacji i transporcie, systemie energetycznym i ciepłownictwie, handlu i zaopatrzeniu ludności, a także w odniesieniu do problemów przemysłu i rolnictwa. Zaakcentowano nieporadność ówczesnych władz, wynikającą ze słabości systemowych, czego efektem były licznie zaniedbania i chaos organizacyjny.
Obrzeża subkultury czy ruch religijny? Satanizm młodzieżowy w Polsce w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku
Authors: Tracz Bogusław
Published: January 2022

Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia dziejów satanizmu młodzieżowego, który pojawił się w Polsce u progu lat osiemdziesiątych XX w., wraz napływem mody na heavy metal i ukształtowaniem się subkultury młodzieżowej zgromadzonej wokół tej muzyki oraz jej podgatunków. Przedstawione zostało kulturowe tło powstania i rozwoju współczesnego satanizmu w USA i na zachodzie Europy, a następnie jego recepcja w Polsce lat osiemdziesiątych XX w., która następowała z jednej strony w oderwaniu od amerykańskich i zachodnioeuropejskich źródeł tego zjawiska, z drugiej zaś była próbą jego skopiowania w warunkach społeczeństwa niedemokratycznego i jednocześnie w dużej mierze tradycyjnego. Przedstawiono rolę muzyki i jej wykonawców, a także oficjalnych mediów w rozpropagowaniu satanizmu, reakcje społeczne na jego pojawienie się i działania mające na celu jego zwalczanie. W oparciu o nowe, niewykorzystane dotychczas źródła, autor weryfikuje niektóre twierdzenia funkcjonujące w literaturze przedmiotu i stawia nowe pytania badawcze.
Najnowsze opracowania oraz wydawnictwa źródłowe o zbrodni katyńskiej. Polska edycja raportu komisji Raya Maddena
Authors: Wolsza Tadeusz
Published: January 2022

W artykule recenzyjnym autor przedstawił zawartość merytoryczną trzytomowego wydawnictwa źródeł Mord w lesie katyńskim, które stanowiły efekt pracy komisji Raya Maddena powołanej przez Kongres USA. Publikacja ukazała się w kompetentnym opracowaniu Witolda Wasilewskiego.
Estados, espacios y hegemonía en la reestructuración global capitalista. Contribuciones para una perspectiva estructural, histórica y dinámica
Authors: Sidler Joel , Fernández Víctor Ramiro
Published: January 2022

Con perspectivas no siempre convergentes, diversos corpus teóricos se han propuesto comprender las transformaciones que se observan desde hace cinco décadas en las dinámicas entre los Estados, los espacios de ejercicio del poder político y el despliegue y la crisis de la hegemonía a nivel global. Este artículo presenta dos perspectivas que intentan dar cuenta de estos elementos. Por un lado, la perspectiva sistémico-estructural histórica, que reúne los aportes de la economía política internacional crítica y del análisis del sistema mundo; por el otro, la perspectiva posestructural, relacional que incluye estudios del campo de la geografía política crítica. Luego de exponer las tensiones y complementos entre estas se sostiene la necesidad y posibilidad de construir una perspectiva estructural, histórica y dinámica, que busca enmarcar los desafíos y oportunidades para las estatidades en la región latinoamericana frente a la reestruc­turación global capitalista.
Temporal Risk: Utility vs. Probability Weighting
Authors: Abdellaoui Mohammed , Diecidue Enrico , Kemel Emmanuel , Onculer Ayse
Published: January 2022

This paper reports two experiments in which attitudes toward temporal risk resolution is elicited from choices between two-outcome lotteries that pay out at some future fixed date and can be resolved either now or later. We show that matching probabilities provides a simple method to measure attitudes toward temporal resolution—via the utility scale—under the recursive expected utility of Kreps and Porteus. We also analyze our data using a general recursive model that can reveal attitudes toward temporal risk resolution through the utility scale and/or the probability weighting scale. In terms of goodness of fit, as well as of prediction accuracy, our results point to a better performance of the probability weighting approach. More specifically, we show that individuals become less sensitive and more pessimistic with respect to winning probabilities when lotteries are resolved later rather than now.

This paper was accepted by George Wu, decision analysis.
Contracting Mechanisms for Stable Sourcing Networks
Authors: Ryan Jennifer K. , Shao Lusheng , Sun Daewon
Published: January 2022

Problem definition: We study profit allocation for a sourcing network, in which a buyer sources from a set of differentiated suppliers with limited capacity under uncertain demand for the final product. Whereas the buyer takes the lead in forming the sourcing network and designing the contract mechanism, due to their substantial bargaining power, the suppliers take the lead in determining the terms of the contract. Academic/practical relevance: We identify contracting mechanisms that will ensure the stability of the sourcing network in the long term, where a stable sourcing network requires an effective profit-allocation scheme that motivates all members to join and stay in the network. Methodology: We apply methods from game theory to model the network and analyze the Nash equilibrium of a noncooperative game under a proposed contracting mechanism. We then use a cooperative game model to study the stability of the resulting equilibrium. Results: We show that the optimal network profit, as a set function of the set of suppliers, is submodular, which allows us to demonstrate that the core of the cooperative game is not empty. We also establish a set of conditions that are equivalent to, but much simpler than, the original conditions for the core. We use these results to demonstrate that the proposed fixed-fee contracting mechanism can implement a stable network in the competitive setting by achieving a profit allocation that is in the core of the cooperative game. We also demonstrate that the grand coalition is stable in a farsighted sense under the Shapley value allocation. Managerial implications: Under the fixed-fee mechanism, the buyer’s decisions maximize the network profit, and each supplier earns a profit equal to its marginal contribution. When the aggregate capacity of the supplier network is high relative to demand, or demand is more likely to be small, the fixed-fee mechanism is likely to outperform the Shapley value allocation from the perspective of the buyer.
Long-term outcomes of surgery using the Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System as treatment for anterior cruciate ligament tears
Authors: Smolle Maria A. , Fischerauer Stefan F. , Zötsch Silvia , Kiegerl Anna V. , Sadoghi Patrick , Gruber Gerald , Leithner Andreas , Bernhardt Gerwin A.
Published: January 2022

Aims

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the long-term clinical, radiological, functional, and quality of life (QoL)-related outcome of patients treated with the synthetic Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) device for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture.

Methods

A total of 41 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with the LARS device (mean age 39.8 years (SD 12.1 ); 32% females (n = 13)) were prospectively included between August 2001 and March 2005. MRI scans and radiographs were performed at a median follow-up of 2.0 years (interquartile range (IQR) 1.3 to 3.0; n = 40) and 12.8 years (IQR 12.1 to 13.8; n = 22). Functional and QoL-related outcome was assessed in 29 patients at a median follow-up of 12.8 years (IQR 12.0 to 14.0) and clinically reconfirmed at latest median follow-up of 16.5 years (IQR 15.5 to 17.9). International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner scores were obtained pre- and postoperatively, and Lysholm score postoperatively only. At latest follow-up, range of motion, knee stability tests, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and IKDC scores were ascertained. Complications and reoperations during follow-up were documented.

Results

Cumulative complication rate was 66% (n = 27), with 11 developing within one year from surgery and 16 after one year (including five patients with both early and late complications). Ten graft failures (24%) and eight cases of reactive synovitis were observed (20%). All 11 patients with early complications and ten with late complications underwent reoperation (including five with another surgical procedure for early complications), amounting to a cumulative reoperation rate of 51% (n = 21). Revision ACL reconstruction was performed in one patient (2.4%). Median IKDC at latest follow-up was 89.7 (IQR 78.2 to 93.1), being significantly worse in the event of previous complications. Lachman test was positive in 56% (n = 15) of reconstructed knees. All norm-based SF-36 items were at or above median at latest follow-up, and did not differ depending on development of complications.

Conclusion

Despite good functional and QoL-related results in the long term, the cumulative complication rate of 66%, including graft failures and reactive synovitis, has to be viewed with great concern. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):242–248.
Wear resistance of first-generation highly cross-linked annealed polyethylene in cementless total hip arthroplasty is maintained 20 years after surgery
Authors: Orita Kazuki , Goto Koji , Kuroda Yutaka , Kawai Toshiyuki , Okuzu Yaichiro , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: January 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of first-generation annealed highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 29 patients (35 hips) who underwent THA between December 2000 and February 2002. The survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hip joint function was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Two-dimensional polyethylene wear was estimated using Martell’s Hip Analysis Suite. We calculated the wear rates between years 1 and 5, 5 and 10, 10 and 15, and 15 and final follow-up.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 19.1 years (SD 0.6; 17.3 to 20.1). The 19-year overall survival rate with the end point of all-cause revision was 97.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91 to 100). The mean JOA score improved from 43.2 (SD 10.6; 30 to 76) before surgery to 90.2 (SD 6.4; 76 to 98) at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no osteolysis or loosening of the acetabular or femoral components. The overall steady-state wear rate was 0.013 mm/year (SD 0.012). There was no hip with a steady-state wear rate of > 0.1 mm/year. There was no significant difference in wear rates for each period. We found no significant correlation between the wear rate and age, body weight, BMI, or cup inclination.

Conclusion

First-generation annealed HXLPE shows excellent wear resistance and no acceleration of wear for approximately 20 years, with low all-cause revision rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):200–205.
Knowledge Brokerage: The Musical: an analogy for explaining the role of knowledge brokers in a university setting
Authors: Auld Megan , Doig Emmah , Bennett Sally
Published: January 2022

Background:

Knowledge brokers in higher education are described as requiring a broad range of skills and characteristics, leading to both role conflict and ambiguity. Although existing studies report broad concepts regarding the role of knowledge brokers, the activities that they actually perform to broker knowledge are not systematically reported or impact evaluated.

Aims and objectives:

This paper aims to summarise the current literature on the role of knowledge brokers and describe this role in a higher education context. In an exploratory study, as two knowledge brokers we recorded our activities within a school of health in a large university setting using the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) categories over a period of nine months. Using this report, we use the analogy of a musical to translate the role of knowledge broker. Considering the knowledge brokerage roles of musical director, set designer, choreographer, costume designer and sound and lighting, we discuss the impact of knowledge brokerage activities on actors relaying their knowledge story to an end-user audience. Knowledge brokers in the higher education context primarily perform activities in four areas: know your cast and crew; train your cast and crew; rehearse and review; and provide hands-on support.

Key conclusions:

Understanding the role of knowledge brokers may be enhanced by using the analogy of a musical. Due to the diverse nature of these roles, it is recommended that knowledge brokerage in higher education is performed in teams, where knowledge brokers can utilise different skill sets to facilitate their work.
Agency, linked lives and historical time: evidence from the longitudinal three-generation Youth Development Study
Authors: Mortimer Jeylan T.
Published: January 2022

Whereas Glen Elder and associates’ principles of the life course are usually articulated and investigated individually, they reference analytic distinctions that simplify their empirical coexistence and mutual interrelation. This article illustrates this complexity by focusing on the principle of agency and its intersections with ‘linked lives’ and ‘time and place’. Data are drawn from the Youth Development Study (YDS), which has followed a Minnesota cohort (G2, born 1973–74) from mid-adolescence (ages 14–15) to midlife (ages 45–46). The YDS also includes G1 parents and G3 children, the latter surveyed at about the same age as their parents were when the research began. The findings indicate that multiple agentic orientations, observed in adolescence, affect adult attainments; they are shaped by the ‘linked lives’ of grandparents, parents and children over longer periods of time than previously recognised; and their associations with educational achievement are historically specific. Whereas the ‘linked lives’ of parents and adolescents are generally studied contemporaneously, the agentic orientations of parents, measured as teenagers, were found to predict the same psychological resources in their adolescent children (self-concept of ability, optimism and economic efficacy) decades later. We also found evidence that parents’ occupational values continue to influence the values of their children as the children’s biographies unfold. Suggesting a historic shift in the very meaning and behavioural consequences of agentic orientations, optimism and efficacy replaced educational ambition as significant predictors of academic achievement.
Thoughtful comparisons: how do genital cutting traditions change in Sudan? A reply to ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’ by Richard Shweder
Authors: Gruenbaum Ellen , Ahmed Samira A.
Published: January 2022

Male and female genital cutting are often similar social and moral undertakings in those societies where both are practised. Yet, they both vary widely in meanings and ritual practices in their many social contexts, and there are many societies where only males are circumcised or where neither gender is. Modifications to genitalia range widely in their risks of harm, which has recently begun to be seriously examined for males but that has been well known for females. In this article, we compare female and male genital cutting practices in Sudan, including questions about culture and religion, gender equality, health, rights and laws, and strategies for change to end female genital cutting. In contrast to Shweder’s view that both male and female genital circumcisions might be tolerated by the logic of cultural relativism and logical consistency, which serves to defend the practices of the Islamic sect known as the Dawoodi Bohra in their home country (India) and in the diaspora, we argue that it is important, and useful, to separate the issues of male and female genital cutting in the situation of predominantly Muslim Sudan. Since male genital cutting is well defended in Sudanese Islamic opinion, and since efforts to end the very serious female cutting – predominantly Type 3 – are advancing, we find Shweder’s ‘goose and gander’ moral equivalency argument unhelpful.
The impact of culture and religion on pathways of help seeking and support among family carers of older adults with mental illness
Authors: Ahmad Ramli Fatimah Zailly , Tilse Cheryl , Wilson Jill
Published: January 2022

This qualitative study explores the influence of Malay culture and religion in shaping the pathways of help seeking for family carers of older adults with mental health problems in rural Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family carers of older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. Thematic analysis was used to analyse patterns within the data. Based upon the perspectives of family carers, findings show how cultural and religious beliefs and practices provided support to carers, and highlight how carers manage the intersection of culture and religion with psychiatric treatment for their family members with mental illness.
Phase-dependent controllable field generation in a ring cavity resonator
Authors: Das Sanket , Dey Tarak N.
Published: January 2022

We investigate the control field phase-dependent output field transmission from a red detuned ring cavity optomechanical system. Our scheme displays a double transparency window in the presence of a strong control and weak probe field. Additionally, we invoke an external mechanical pump to one of the movable mirrors to modulate its vibration. Complete control over the output field transmission through one of the transparency windows can be achieved due to the combined effect of the amplitudes and the phases of the mechanical pump and the control field. Further, a tunable group delay of the probe pulse propagation can be obtained by the tailoring of the control field phase in the presence of a suitable mechanical drive. We further discuss the effect of control field phase on Stokes field generation via the four-wave mixing process. This scheme may find potential applications in weak signal sensing and all-optical communication purposes.
Terahertz referenceless wavefront sensing by means of computational shear-interferometry
Authors: Agour Mostafa , Fallorf Claas , Taleb Fatima , Castro-Camus Enrique , Koch Martin , Bergmann Ralf. B.
Published: January 2022

In this contribution, we demonstrate the first referenceless measurement of a THz wavefront by means of shear-interferometry. The technique makes use of a transmissive Ronchi phase grating to generate the shear. We fabricated the grating by mechanical machining of high-density polyethylene. At the camera plane, the +1 and −1 diffraction orders are coherently superimposed, generating an interferogram. We can adjust the shear by selecting the period of the grating and the focal length of the imaging system. We can also alter the direction of the shear by rotating the grating. A gradient-based iterative algorithm is used to reconstruct the wavefront from a set of shear interferograms. The results presented in this study demonstrate the first step towards wavefield sensing in the terahertz band without using a reference wave.
RSS-based visible light positioning based on channel state information
Authors: Wang Kaiyao , Liu Yongjun , Hong Zhiyong
Published: January 2022

As a result of the influence of indoor multipath effects, visible light positioning (VLP) technology based on the received signal strength (RSS) has difficulty providing stable and highly accurate position estimation. In order to cope with this challenge, a trilateration-based positioning method using channel state information (CSI) is proposed. Two algorithms that can estimate the number of channel paths are studied, which are the prerequisites for the obtaining of an accurate ratio of received power of the line-of-sight (LOS) path to total received power. Unlike traditional trilateration positioning methods where total received power is used, the proposed method introduces CSI as a means of estimating the received power of the LOS path, which it uses for ranging. By reducing interference from the reflected paths in the received power, the proposed method has high-precision and high-reliability positioning capabilities. The positioning performance of the proposed method in an indoor environment with four LED bulbs and a single photodetector (PD) is evaluated through simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method provides an average accuracy of 6.1 cm and a maximum positioning error of 17.7 cm in a cubic space with a size of 4 m×4 m×3 m. Compared to the existing least-squares (LS) method that uses total received power, the new method achieves approximately 83% improvement in the mean error of positioning and 81% in root mean square error (RMSE).
Dynamically controlled nanofocusing metalens based on graphene-loaded aperiodic silica grating arrays
Authors: Lu Liu , Wang Chenyang , Ngiejungbwen Looh Augustine , Zhang Liang , Zhao Tiantian , Chen Daifen , Ren Xifeng
Published: January 2022

A new plasmonic nanofocusing metalens based on aperiodic silica grating arrays was designed and investigated. Assisted by the graphene surface plasmon, the infrared polarized light can be focused in a nanospot with a dynamically controlled focal length by varying the dielectric strip width or the graphene Fermi level E
f
. For instance, with λ0 = 8 µm and E
f
at 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 eV, focal lengths of 4.5, 3.8 and 3.5 µm with its corresponding FWHM of 64, 232 and 320 nm, respectively, can be realized. The variation of the focusing efficiency with respect to the incident wavelength and the Fermi level were also investigated. The results of theoretical analysis based on light differential equations agree well with the finite element analysis simulation, which further validate the model.
Adjusted EfficientNet for the diagnostic of orbital angular momentum spectrum
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Fu Shiyao , Shang Zijun , Hai Lan , Gao Chunqing
Published: January 2022

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is one of multiple dimensions of beams. A beam can carry multiple OAM components, and their intensity weights form the OAM spectrum. The OAM spectrum determines complex amplitude distributions of a beam and features unique characteristics. Thus, measuring the OAM spectrum is of great significance, especially for OAM-based applications. Here we employ a deep neural network combined with a phase-only diffraction optical element to measure the OAM spectrum. The diffraction optical element is designed to diffract incident beams into distinct patterns corresponding to OAM distributions. Then, the EfficientNet, a kind of deep neural network, is adjusted to adapt and analyze the diffraction pattern to calculate the OAM spectrum. The favorable experimental results show that our proposal can reconstruct the OAM spectra with high precision and speed, works well for different numbers of OAM channels, and is also robust to Gaussian noise and random zooming. This work opens a new, to the best of our knowledge, ability for OAM spectrum recognition and will find applications in a number of advanced domains including large capacity optical communications, quantum key distribution, optical trapping, rotation detection, and so on.
Compact GaN-based optical inclinometer
Authors: An Xiaoshuai , Yang Hongying , Luo Yumeng , Wang Qi , Chu Zhiqin , Li Kwai Hei
Published: January 2022

In this Letter, a compact optical inclinometer in sub-centimeter size is proposed and demonstrated. A 1×1 mm2 GaN-on-sapphire chip composed of a light-emitting diode and photodetector is fabricated through wafer-scale processes and integrated with a spherical glass cavity with a diameter of 5 mm, which contains ethanol as a liquid pendulum. When applying inclinations relative to the horizon, the extent to which the chip is immersed in ethanol changes, thereby altering the amount of light received by the on-chip detector. The underlying mechanisms of angle-dependent reflectance characteristics at the sapphire boundary are identified, and the measured photocurrent signal can be used as quantitative readouts for determining the angle of inclination from –60 to +60°. A linear response with a sensitivity of 19.4 nA/° and an estimated resolution of 0.003° is obtained over a wide linear range from –40 to +40°. Verified by a series of dynamic experiments, the developed inclinometer exhibits a high degree of repeatability and stability, which paves the way for its widespread usage and applications.
Multi-delay photonic correlator for wideband RF signal processing
Authors: Bourdarot Guillaume , Berger Jean-Philippe , Guillet de Chatellus Hugues
Published: January 2022

Correlation of radio-frequency (RF) signals is a fundamental operation in many fields such as information processing, detection, and imaging techniques at large. Because of the intrinsic limitations of electronic techniques, standard digital correlators, which rely on the acquisition of signals and their processing, become very complex to implement for the real-time analysis of signals whose bandwidth exceeds a few hundred MHz. On the other hand, analog correlators are limited by the performances of RF components. In this paper, we report the proof-of-concept of a correlator architecture based on a simple photonic platform, suitable for analog wideband RF signal processing. The concept, based on multi-heterodyne interferometry, gives access in real time to the entire correlation function of two signals by computing the cross correlation coefficients for 200 values of their relative delay simultaneously. The time-delay step can be adjusted from a few ns down to a few ps, enabling us to process signals with MHz to multi-GHz bandwidth. We have applied this architecture to the localization of RF transmitters by time difference of arrival (TDoA) and obtained a precision close to 10 ps for a 100 ms integration time. This concept is expected to find practical applications in various domains, from radar and electronic warfare to telecommunications, imaging, and radio-astronomy.
Subicular neurons represent multiple variables of a hippocampal-dependent task by using theta rhythm
Authors: Lee Su-Min , Seol Jae-Min , Lee Inah
Published: January 2022

The subiculum is positioned at a critical juncture at the interface of the hippocampus with the rest of the brain. However, the exact roles of the subiculum in most hippocampal-dependent memory tasks remain largely unknown. One obstacle to make comparisons of neural firing patterns between the subiculum and hippocampus is the broad firing fields of the subicular cells. Here, we used spiking phases in relation to theta rhythm to parse the broad firing field of a subicular neuron into multiple subfields to find the unique functional contribution of the subiculum while male rats performed a hippocampal-dependent visual scene memory task. Some of the broad firing fields of the subicular neurons were successfully divided into multiple subfields similar to those in the CA1 by using the theta phase precession cycle. The new paradigm significantly improved the detection of task-relevant information in subicular cells without affecting the information content represented by CA1 cells. Notably, we found that multiple fields of a single subicular neuron, unlike those in the CA1, carried heterogeneous task-related information such as visual context and choice response. Our findings suggest that the subicular cells integrate multiple task-related factors by using theta rhythm to associate environmental context with action.
Criticality enhances the multilevel reliability of stimulus responses in cortical neural networks
Authors: Liang Junhao , Zhou Changsong
Published: January 2022

Cortical neural networks exhibit high internal variability in spontaneous dynamic activities and they can robustly and reliably respond to external stimuli with multilevel features–from microscopic irregular spiking of neurons to macroscopic oscillatory local field potential. A comprehensive study integrating these multilevel features in spontaneous and stimulus–evoked dynamics with seemingly distinct mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we study the stimulus–response dynamics of biologically plausible excitation–inhibition (E–I) balanced networks. We confirm that networks around critical synchronous transition states can maintain strong internal variability but are sensitive to external stimuli. In this dynamical region, applying a stimulus to the network can reduce the trial-to-trial variability and shift the network oscillatory frequency while preserving the dynamical criticality. These multilevel features widely observed in different experiments cannot simultaneously occur in non-critical dynamical states. Furthermore, the dynamical mechanisms underlying these multilevel features are revealed using a semi-analytical mean-field theory that derives the macroscopic network field equations from the microscopic neuronal networks, enabling the analysis by nonlinear dynamics theory and linear noise approximation. The generic dynamical principle revealed here contributes to a more integrative understanding of neural systems and brain functions and incorporates multimodal and multilevel experimental observations. The E–I balanced neural network in combination with the effective mean-field theory can serve as a mechanistic modeling framework to study the multilevel neural dynamics underlying neural information and cognitive processes.
Transcription factor regulation of eQTL activity across individuals and tissues
Authors: Flynn Elise D. , Tsu Athena L. , Kasela Silva , Kim-Hellmuth Sarah , Aguet Francois , Ardlie Kristin G. , Bussemaker Harmen J. , Mohammadi Pejman , Lappalainen Tuuli
Published: January 2022

Tens of thousands of genetic variants associated with gene expression (cis-eQTLs) have been discovered in the human population. These eQTLs are active in various tissues and contexts, but the molecular mechanisms of eQTL variability are poorly understood, hindering our understanding of genetic regulation across biological contexts. Since many eQTLs are believed to act by altering transcription factor (TF) binding affinity, we hypothesized that analyzing eQTL effect size as a function of TF level may allow discovery of mechanisms of eQTL variability. Using GTEx Consortium eQTL data from 49 tissues, we analyzed the interaction between eQTL effect size and TF level across tissues and across individuals within specific tissues and generated a list of 10,098 TF-eQTL interactions across 2,136 genes that are supported by at least two lines of evidence. These TF-eQTLs were enriched for various TF binding measures, supporting with orthogonal evidence that these eQTLs are regulated by the implicated TFs. We also found that our TF-eQTLs tend to overlap genes with gene-by-environment regulatory effects and to colocalize with GWAS loci, implying that our approach can help to elucidate mechanisms of context-specificity and trait associations. Finally, we highlight an interesting example of IKZF1 TF regulation of an APBB1IP gene eQTL that colocalizes with a GWAS signal for blood cell traits. Together, our findings provide candidate TF mechanisms for a large number of eQTLs and offer a generalizable approach for researchers to discover TF regulators of genetic variant effects in additional QTL datasets.
Neuroplastin genetically interacts with Cadherin 23 and the encoded isoform Np55 is sufficient for cochlear hair cell function and hearing
Authors: Newton Sherylanne , Kong Fanbo , Carlton Adam J. , Aguilar Carlos , Parker Andrew , Codner Gemma F. , Teboul Lydia , Wells Sara , Brown Steve D. M. , Marcotti Walter , Bowl Michael R.
Published: January 2022

Mammalian hearing involves the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) of sound-induced fluid waves in the cochlea. Essential to this process are the specialised sensory cochlear cells, the inner (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). While genetic hearing loss is highly heterogeneous, understanding the requirement of each gene will lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of hearing and also to therapeutic opportunities for deafness. The Neuroplastin (Nptn) gene, which encodes two protein isoforms Np55 and Np65, is required for hearing, and homozygous loss-of-function mutations that affect both isoforms lead to profound deafness in mice. Here we have utilised several distinct mouse models to elaborate upon the spatial, temporal, and functional requirement of Nptn for hearing. While we demonstrate that both Np55 and Np65 are present in cochlear cells, characterisation of a Np65-specific mouse knockout shows normal hearing thresholds indicating that Np65 is functionally redundant for hearing. In contrast, we find that Nptn-knockout mice have significantly reduced maximal MET currents and MET channel open probabilities in mature OHCs, with both OHCs and IHCs also failing to develop fully mature basolateral currents. Furthermore, comparing the hearing thresholds and IHC synapse structure of Nptn-knockout mice with those of mice that lack Nptn only in IHCs and OHCs shows that the majority of the auditory deficit is explained by hair cell dysfunction, with abnormal afferent synapses contributing only a small proportion of the hearing loss. Finally, we show that continued expression of Neuroplastin in OHCs of adult mice is required for membrane localisation of Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase 2 (PMCA2), which is essential for hearing function. Moreover, Nptn haploinsufficiency phenocopies Atp2b2 (encodes PMCA2) mutations, with heterozygous Nptn-knockout mice exhibiting hearing loss through genetic interaction with the Cdh23ahl allele. Together, our findings provide further insight to the functional requirement of Neuroplastin for mammalian hearing.