bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Intelligent Optimization Methods Applied in the Fractional Fourier Transform
Authors: Wang Han Qing , Wang Ping Bo , Wang Shu Zong , Li Mao Lin
Published: February 2012

In order to overcome the inefficiency shortcoming of traditional step-based searching method for extremum seeking in two-dimensional fractional Fourier domain, some typical intelligent optimization methods such as genetic algorithms, continuous ant colony algorithm, particle swarm optimization and chaos optimization method are introduced and applied successfully in fractional Fourier transform. The performances of the global optimization methods are compared with step-based method based on simulation. Results show that the COA optimization algorithm is much more preferable considering computation efficiency, precision and resolution in all the above mentioned optimization methods
Mine Accidents and China Colliery Safety Early Warning Information
Authors: An Hong Chang
Published: February 2012

This paper illustrates China Colliery Safety Early Warning Information on the basis of some mine accidents and special Wangjialing mine accident. Structure and functions of China Colliery Safety Early Warning Information are shown. Weaknesses of China Colliery Safety Early Warning Information are also pointed out. Some improvement of China Colliery Safety Early Warning Information is looked into.
Bit Error Rate Performance Analysis of OCDMA System
Authors: Su Fu Gen , Jin Fu Lu , Dun Wen , Liu Lin Ke , Jin Hong Li
Published: February 2012

Factors of affecting BER are determined by its architecture in OCDMA system, the loss of optical devices, encoder / decoder structure, optical fiber transmission channel and so on. Taken together, the main factors are light source chirp, noise, group velocity dispersion, fiber channel attenuation and loss of optical devices. The impact on system BER performance is analyzed in this paper.
VC-Based Rutting Digital Imaging Automatic Detection Technology Research and Design for Road Construction
Authors: Zhang Yue , Gao Ting Ting
Published: February 2012

With the road construction, an automatic detection of road surface of rutting will be the main detection methods. VC-based digital imaging detection technology has an advantage of the vehicle, such as a simple structure, amount of data storage capacity, less affected by vehicle vibration. This article based on digital imaging technology detects grayscale bitmap format captured image information of the rutting. It focused on the grayscale bitmap image processing. The article shows that by generating curve can accurately reflect the actual situation of the road. And it can greatly improve the efficiency of road data and the accuracy of automatic detection.
Inheritance and Innovation of Ecological Materials from Traditional Buildings in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Ying Dan Hua , Hu Xua Nang , Ge Jian , Jia Dian Xin , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2012

This article engages in a survey on the countryside’s building materials in Zhejiang province, and indicates problems in the new countryside construction during the early 1990s to 2005: on one side, rarely few new materials for energy-conservation is being used; on the other side, traditional materials of local characteristics are abandoned. Therefore, this article indicates a range of materials which make improvement or innovation on traditional ones for the characteristic of Zhejiang rural areas. Then comparison is made between clay brick and these ecological materials. As a result, this guides villagers to improve the indoor thermal comfort and to promote rural economic development without large investment.
Water Hammer Pressures Response of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipeline for Liquid Transportation with Entrapped Gas
Authors: Li Lu Ming , Geng Guo Jun , Chen Sheng Mao
Published: February 2012

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) pipeline has better anti-corrosion and anti-scaling performances than traditional steel pipeline. It has been widely used in the areas of liquid transmission. In view of the water hammer phenomenon in liquid pipeline with entrapped gas, water hammer analysis model for the FRP pipeline is built. The solve methods are discussed based on homogeneous flow model and method of characteristic (MOC). A computer program is developed to research the pressures response. Ultimately, this paper simulates the water hammer pressures response on the conditions which include different initial void fraction in liquid, a constant liquid level at upstream end and sudden closure of valve at downstream end of pipeline. The study results are benefit to guide safe operation and management of FRP liquid pipeline.
Assimlable Organic Carbon (AOC) Criteria to Control Bactrium Regrowth in Drinking Water Distribution System
Authors: Jiang Deng Ling , Liu Xiao , Ni Guo Wei
Published: February 2012

Relation between AOC concentration and bacterium regrowth in drinking water network was investigated to obtain biostability criteria. Comparably obvious linear relationship was found between the maximum HPC and the maximum content of AOC of the distribution system. By extrapolation of the line，HPC would decline to 0 when AOC was 57µg/L. That result showed that substrates cannot support bacterium growth when AOC was less than 57µg/L. Similar obvious linear relationship was also derived between the maximum AOC content and the maximum AOC consumption (∆AOC) of the distribution system. AOC consumption (∆AOC) would decline to 0 when AOC content was 43.8µg/L. it also showed that bacteria cannot growth and AOC do not be utilized when AOC was less than 43.8µg/L. Some researchers had proposed biostability criterias, i.e. Van der Kooij’s criteria of 10µg/L and LeChevallier’s criteria of 50～100µg/L. We proposed that the biostability criteria under chlorine disinfection was AOC <40µg/L.
The Finite Element Modal Analysis of a Crawler Pipelayer Working Device
Authors: Zhang Wei Chun , Chen Jie , Pei Bao Hao , Ma Bing Bing , Du Xian Bin
Published: February 2012

With engineering practical examples, this thesis analysis the weight control agency's inherent frequency and vibration mode, educed its front ten inherent frequencies and vibration modes and then compared the results with Engine and road excitation. The conclusion can offer reference for improving the design.
Development of Monoclonal Antibody Based Heterologous Immunoassay for Ractopamine Residue
Authors: Li Chao Ying , Jiang Jin Qing
Published: February 2012

This study aimed to develop a monoclonal antibody based icELISA method for Ractopamine (Rac) residue. For this purpose, mixed anhydride method was employed to synthesize the immunogen of Rac-BSA and 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether was used to prepare the coating antigen of Rac-OVA, thus pursue the heterologous sensitivity. Through cell fusion technology, four Hybridoma named R1-B5, R2-B3, R2-C6, and R4-C8 were screened out, and the Kas of all mAbs were between 2.7 and 4.8×109 L/mol. Based on the R1-B5 mAb, a heterologous icELISA standard curve was developed. The working range was from 0.013 to 33.7 ng/mL, with LOD and IC50 value of 0.007 ng/mL and 0.67 ng/mL, respectively. Therefore, this icELISA can be used for detecting Rac residue in animal products.
Seismic Response Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridge Tower which Does Not Consider the Pile-Soil Interaction (I)
Authors: Zhang Li Na , Li Feng Chen , Wu Jian Feng , Luo Wei Bing
Published: February 2012

For the problem of analysis of earthquake response of cable-stayed tower bridge, the foundation is given as the rigid consolidation, do not consider the interaction of soil and structure, the finite element software ABAQUS is used for seismic response analysis. Taking the TCU052 and EI Centro wave which have different characteristics as the input of bridge tower, first to carry out the modal analysis of bridge tower structure, get various order of modal frequency of the bridge tower, then analyses the displacement response of the top of bridge tower in the bridge direction, the results showed that, under the pulse type seismic action the displacement response of bridge tower of large span cable-stayed bridge are increased.
Study on Measurement Method of Diffusion Coefficient of Water in the Process of Dehydration for the Corroded Wooden Building Materials
Authors: Wang Hong Yi , Ding Wu Xiu
Published: February 2012

The diffusion coefficient is one of the basic physical parameters of reflecting the property of wooden building materials, and it is the indispensable datum to calculate the dehydration time, estimate qualitatively the corrosion extent, provide the theoretical parameters for the protection technoiogy of the wooden building materials. The method of measuring diffusion coefficient of the wooden building materials is provided on the basis of Fick’s second law in this paper. The diffusion coefficient can be calculated using the given method by measuring the dehydration time, the initial water content and the stable water content after dehydration. The testing method is simple and feasible. Take a wooden materials for example, the experimental result is analyzed which indicates that the measurement method is reasonable.
Chatting Module Design in Online Virtual Campus System
Authors: Cai Xing Quan , Yang Cheng
Published: February 2012

In this paper, we present a new method to design and realize chatting module in online virtual campus system. Our virtual campus system is based VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and JavaScript, and has two parts, including server and client. We divide the system into several different modules, including user interface, models database, information database, navigation graph, chatting module and server module. In order to meet all the demands of students and professors, we offer three chatting modes, including public chatting, regional chatting, and private chatting. In this way, the students and professors can use different modes to achieve different functions. Certainly, we also design the chat panel for students and professors. We have implemented our method and our system is running smoothly.
Solution of Landscape Water Pollution in Residential
Authors: Cui Li Li
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Urban residential district landscape water pollution status and pollution reasons are discussed in this paper. Against the features of small area, easy pollution, limited self-purification capacity of residential district landscape water, a series of prevention and control of water pollution of the water body are described. The management and protection measures, the treatment technology of slightly polluted water and the control technology of heavy pollution are advanced in detail.
Green Building Performance Analysis of High-Rise Residence in Steel Structure Residence System
Authors: Gong Min , Zhu Wei
Published: February 2012

Through comparative research between actual projects in steel structure residence system of Hangxiao Steel Structure Co., Ltd.(shorted for “HXSS”) and comparative models in terms of land saving, material saving and energy saving, the performance of steel structure residence system in dealing with environment, environmental protection and saving is analyzed. The comparison results show that the steel structure residence system has certain advantages, however the performance in energy saving, particularly in consumption of building material transportation needs further improvement.
Evaluation of the City Integrated Emergency Response System Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Wan Jing Jing , Song Ying Hua
Published: February 2012

The city integrated emergency response system achieved consolidated receive alarm and command which cross-regional, inter-departmental and cross-force, it can conduct emergency rescue or relief disaster timely, orderly and efficiently. This paper mainly used the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), analysis the city integrated emergency response system through the establishment of evaluation index system, get the calculation formula of its comprehensive score, and take Nanning city integrated emergency response system for example, apply and prove the index system and calculation formula.
Construction and Optimization of Plant Communities for Reducing Traffic Noise on Main Roads in Nanjing China
Authors: Zhu Zun Ling , Du Dan , Liu Yang , Li Ning
Published: February 2012

In this paper, 15 kinds of plant communities in greenbelt of 10 major roads in Nanjing were selected as the measuring objects, and we set every 5m to the shoulder as a measuring spot, then measured the noise attenuation on the spots. The result shows the noise attenuation of plant communities have significant differences .And we analyzed the composition of the communities which have a better effectiveness in noise reduction. At last some optimization suggestions were put forward.
A Method of Restoring the Fog Degraded Image Based on the Monochromatic Atmospheric Scattering Model
Authors: Dong Hui Ying , Bai He , Wang Xin Wei
Published: February 2012

This paper introduces a method of restoring the fog degraded image based on the monochromatic atmospheric scattering model. On the base of the analysis of the monochromatic atmospheric scattering model, we can get the sky information of the fog image by using automatic calculation method. Through the scene depth method, we can restore the degenerated gray image. Because the brightness of the restored images is slipped, we enhance the brightness through enhancing the brightness based on the scene depth. The MATLAB experiments show that this method can efficiently restore the fog gray image.
The Characteristics of a Pair of Dual Binary Canonical Frames Generated by Refinable Functions
Authors: Chen Zhong Yin , Zhao Jian Tang
Published: February 2012

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field applyingthe properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. Wavelet analysis has become a popular subject in researching into materials science during the past twenty years. Nowadays, it has been developed a mathematical br- anch. In this paper, we show that there exist binary wavelet frames generated by several compactly supported functions which have good dual binary wavelet frames, but for which the canonical dual binary wavelet frame does not consist of wavelets. That is to say, the canonical dual binary wavelet frame cannot be generated by the translations and dilations of a single binary function.
Process Parameters Research of Vibratory Stress Relief for Large Casting
Authors: Liu Ai Min , Han Yan Zhao
Published: February 2012

Taking the generator as research object, this paper was trying to determinate the parameters of vibration stress relief with a new method by the aid of finite element software with powerful function. Firstly, size and distribution of remnant stress were determined. Then the modality analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried on the workpiece by using the kinetics analysis function of finite element method. Finally, some crucial parameters of vibration stress relief were obtained.The research method and conclusion would provide the important reference values for casting enterprise to determine technological parameters of vibration stress relief.
Research and Development of Intelligent Tracing Robot Based on HCS12 SCM
Authors: Zhao Hong Yi
Published: February 2012

Research and develop an intelligent tracing robot system based on HCS12 SCM. The system uses Freescale HCS12 series 16-bit SCM MC9SXS128 as its central control unit and apply a CCD camera to obtain road image information. After analyzing and calculating obtained road image, the system controls servo steering and adopts PID control strategy to control the speed of DC motor. The result proves this method can make intelligent tracing robot system move forward quickly and smoothly following the black line.
Research on the Wing's Thrust of “Wenzhuhai” Ship with Install Wing
Authors: Ren Hong Ying , Sun Pei Ting , Zhao You Tao , Huang Lian Zhong , Wang Hong Ming , Yang Bing Song
Published: February 2012

In this paper the resistance of one ship with installing wing and wing’s thrust have been studied in both theory and simulation by fluent software. The influence of ship resistance which from leeway angle and down helm was analyzed on the basis of the examination result of ship model test.
A Compiler for Ladder Diagram to Multi-Core Dataflow Architecture
Authors: Guo Jia Rong , Feng Ran , Bi Zhuo , Xu Mei Hua
Published: February 2012

Multi-core and dataflow architecture recently researched on parallel computing can well satisfy the requirement of high-performance for PLC processors handling program by exploiting parallelism in the program. But the compiler translating the ladder diagram program into the instructions of the architecture has not been yet developed. For the problem, the paper presents a compiler aiming at editing a ladder diagram which is one of programming languages of PLC and then compiling it into instructions of multi-core function-level dataflow architecture. The compiler takes row doubly linked list as internal representation of a ladder diagram, and logic binary tree as intermediate representation during the process of compiling according to similarity of the binary tree to function-level dataflow graph, written in java.
The Research of Binocular Ranging System on Independent Mobile Robot
Authors: Xie Yong Gang , Wang Zhong Min , Su Shi Tao
Published: February 2012

Timeliness and accuracy is a key to be resolved on robot binocular measurement. In this paper, a kind of robot vision projection has been completely established. It analyzes the principle of binocular ranging in three aspects, makes the calculation concise and easy to understand, and expands the range of effective distance. On binocular image processing, we have proposed a gray-scale computing for, firstly, generating characteristic area, then, executing template matching in the area, finally, extracting feature points and matching them in the templates. It ensures certain robustness to noise spots and tries its best to avoid mismatches. The experiments show that the robot vision system has a better accuracy and a low time complexity, and the robot can react in real time.
Flow Measurement with Digital Correlator Realized by FPGA
Authors: Wang Yan Long , Zhang Jun Hua , Bu Lu Lu , Yang Jun , Shi Xin Ling
Published: February 2012

Cross correlator is the core device of the cross-correlation flow measurement system. This paper describes the theory of the cross-correlation flow measurement system and realizes the digital correlator for flow measurement based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The correlation algorithm is realized by verilog language, and the result of Modelsim simulation shows that this correlator can be used to calculate the cross functions of random signal. This correlator which has a simple hardware structure, high reliability and high accuracy, can meet the demand of the real-time flow measurement system.
The Research and Design of Autonomous Walking Robot Based on Ultrasonic and Wireless Control System
Authors: Fu Chun Yan , Xu Yang
Published: February 2012

In an uncertain environment intelligent robots can get the direction of the object and calculate the best path to the object based on the collected environment information or the navigation information given by the object. Global path planning is the key technology to achieve autonomous navigation. The design system which described in this paper uses multiple ultrasonic information fusion to detect environmental information around the vehicle system, employs ARM7 embedded processor as the system core to processes the above collected information to realizes obstacle avoidance capabilities. Through ZigBee wireless control module, PC can achieve the navigation control to the vehicle. In the process of the global path planning, the ant colony algorithm is the key of the system, then improve it based on the idea of artificial potential field algorithm and avoid local optimal solution. Test results proved the feasibility and rationality of the system design.
Pole-Assignment Method of Full-Order Flux Observer in Direct Torque Control System
Authors: Ji Xuan De , Wang Xuan , Zhou Yang
Published: February 2012

For the disadvantage of the induction motor direct torque control system’s performance when it runs in a low velocity, the full order flux observer is used to achieve the stator flux observation, and the flux observer precision and the convergence rate depend on proper allocation of the observer poles. Based on the analysis of two full order flux observer pole placement methods,a single degree of freedom pole placement method is proposed, analyzed and discussed. This method can assign the configuration parameters of the observer gain matrix effectively. The simulation results show that the new pole assignment method can effectively inhibit the motor parameter variations and motor rotational velocity impacts the observer gain matrix’s parameters, so it can improve the flux observer and the observed convergence rate precision.
A Hybrid TTCAN Scheduling Algorithm and its Application in Battery Electric Vehicle Control Network
Authors: Liao Yuan , Huang Ju Hua , Zeng Qun
Published: February 2012

With the increasing of messages transmitted in battery electric vehicle (BEV) control network, sole scheduling methods couldn’t satisfy the message transmitting requirement of the network. Therefore, this article proposes a hybrid TTCAN scheduling algorithm, and uses this algorithm to schedule messages transmitted in BEV control network. The experiment results prove that this algorithm makes the performance of BEV better, not only satisfies the deadlines of messages, but also improves the utilization rate of BEV control network.
Numerical Controlled Process of Tube Plate and Baffles on Tubular Heat Exchangers
Authors: Li Shi Wei , Wang Zheng Fang
Published: February 2012

Tube plate and baffles are all important parts in tubular heat exchangers, drilling holes on them is an important and difficult task for factory. The efficiency of traditional process is low and the error is big. Analyzed the holes’ distributing on six shell side routes exchangers, established mathematics model, compiled numerical controlled program with EIA code, realized numerical controlled process of tube plate and baffles on MITSUBISHI machining center. This improved the quality of equipment and lowered the cost.
Automatic Welding Track Detection for Welding Process by Machine Vision
Authors: Kiswanto G. , Rianto A.
Published: February 2012

The use of machine vision technology in the welding process has been developed along with the need for more consistent and more qualified welding results. The application of machine vision to perform object analysis without direct contact to the object itself making the whole processes fast while maintaining the accuracy. In this study, some image processing algorithms are combined which include : image enhacement (grayscaling and median filtering), edge detection, binarization, and Hough Transform for line detection. The candidate of welding tracks are produced through this standard algorithm. However, afterward, some modifications to the Hough transforms are carried to enable finding the actual welding tracks. The implemented method is capable of detecting the actual welding tracks and their appropriate welding path with accuracy not more than 0.9 mm.
Parasitic Extraction with Metal Fill Effects Consideration in IC Design Flow to Improve Design Cycle
Authors: Teh J Me , Noh Norlaili Binti Mohd , Kwan Ee Lun
Published: February 2012

In integrated circuit (IC) fabrication, chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) is a process used for achieving a uniformed surface on the wafer through a combination of chemical and mechanical effects. While CMP is the preferred planarization technique, the surface damage created is a major concern as it leads to performance degradation and yield loss. The severity of surface damage is dependent on the uniformity of metal density of the wafer. To overcome this problem, metal fill insertion is introduced to ensure uniformed metal density and minimal topological variation after the CMP process. However, metal fill insertion will contribute to parasitic effects changes on on-chip interconnect layers. Thus, it is crucial to be able to predict and estimate parasitic effects contributed by both neighboring nets and metal fill early in the design cycle to prevent over-designing and under-designing. This paper introduces a design flow which takes into account parasitic effects of metal fill early in the design cycle through metal fill emulation to provide a form of early fill effect modeling so that design engineers to not over-design or under-design. Experiments performed shows that parasitic extraction with emulated metal fill achieved accuracy with the largest difference of 21.2% compared to extraction performed on a test-design with router-based filler.
An Analysis Method of the Electro-Hydraulic Rotational Module
Authors: Barsan Ioan , Popp Ilie
Published: February 2012

The paper presents a dynamic research of a rotational module of structure to industrial robot MA 221, to establish the functional characteristics that recommend it for use in the structure of the robot. Actual research performed by two methods: BODE and STEP response of the established the construction parameters values of electro-hydraulic servo-system for stable operation.
Facility Layout of Manufacturing System and Design of Optimization Model
Authors: Zhao Chang Rong , Guo Xiong Hua , Zeng Xiang Long
Published: February 2012

In an increasingly competitive global environment, more and more engineering designers are aware of the importance of facility layout on the entire manufacturing system. With the diversification of products, the proportion of multi-species and one-piece small batch production systems increase, this study focuses on small and medium enterprises as the main target, and researches its facility layout of manufacturing system and design of optimization model. In this paper, we discuss the layout of manufacturing system according to the characteristics of small and medium enterprises, and give a framework process for the layout design. Then learning from the existing planning model, we establish an optimization model for multi-objective non-linear programming to reflect the true environment of layout. By improving the original multi-objective non-linear programming model, we make this multi-objective non-linear programming model more consistent with requirements of facility layout
Research of the Neural Network by Back Propagation Algorithm
Authors: Olaru Adrian , Olaru Serban , Ciupitu Liviu
Published: February 2012

In the control of the position of the robots systems one of the more important is to assure the minimum errors between the output and the target. All advanced researches in the word propose to use the neural network (NN) and the learning algorithm like Widrow and Hoff, or Levenberg-Marquard by using the least mean square (LMS) of errors and Delta rule, or back propagation training algorithm. Present paper is showing the mathematical model and numerical simulation of some important neurons types used in many applications that require extreme precision and neural network. All assisted researches were made with the owner LabVIEW virtual instrumentation. The research results and virtual LabVIEW instrumentation can be used in many other mechatronics applications.
Research on the Application of Virtual Reality Technology on Industry Automatic Simulation
Authors: Jiang Yong Mei
Published: February 2012

With the producing process becoming more and more complex, Enterprise replies on automatic simulation system from more aspects. To improve the efficiency of automatic simulation system on training, method Design and platform update. The virtual Reality Technology is applied to simulation system and a novel method is proposed, the structure and workflow is interpreted details. Finally a application case about chemical industry control is introduced and the effective of technology proposed is proven.
Simulation and Experimental Study of FRD Snubber Circuits in Buck Converter
Authors: Wang Zhen Yan , Chen Zhi Mei , Zhang Jing Gang
Published: February 2012

In buck converter, the reverse recovery failure may cause electrical spikes and deteriorate the circuit performance. In this paper, the snubber circuits for FRD in Buck converter are presented and the simulation and experimental study are investigated. RC snubber, saturated inductance snubber and RCD snubber are developed and simulated by PSpice to reduce the voltage spikes of FRD. The comparisons of the voltage spike show the advantages of the snubber circuit for the reverse recovery failure of FRD. In a Buck converter experimental system with RCD snubber circuits, the measured voltage show that the voltage spike of FRD can be suppressed effectively. Simulation and experimental results prove that the snubber circuits presented is easy to implement and can improve the buck converter performance
An Application of Finite Element Modeling to Pneumatic Artificial Muscle from FESTO
Authors: Visan Alexandra Liana , Alexandrescu Nicolae , Nita Ionel
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this article is to introduce and to present the Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAMs) the most used in robotics and automated applications in Europe and Asia. Many treatises discussed the mathematical and numerical modeling, especially for McKibben muscle type. Also, I am going to explain the working principles of PAMs to understand their behavior, how generate forces and translations. Modeling theoretical application made by the others will be discussed and a Finite Element Method Analyze (FEM) of a muscle designee by FESTO will be shown and also will underline the importance of computer design phase applied in robotics and automation. After that we can create a test stand for pneumatic muscle to confirm the catalog sheet and to implement them in a prostheses device power by PAMs.
Synergistic Effect of Lysozyme and Vitamin B1 on the Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Wang Feng , Ji Xuan De , Liu Xin Lu
Published: February 2012

In recent years more attention is paid to high-efficiency and nontoxic corrosion inhibitor. Synergistic inhibition is an effective means to improve the inhibitive force of inhibitor. The aim of this work is to attempt to find out inhibition mechanism and synergistic effect of Lysozyme (LYZ) and vitamin B1 (VB1) and to diversify the application of inhibitor in acidic medium. The corrosion inhibition effect of LYZ and VB1 for carbon steel specimens in 0.5 mol•L-1 sulphuric acid solution have been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The obtained results show that carbon steel is more efficiently protected by the mixture of lysozyme and vitamin B1 (LYZ-VB1) than LYZ or VB1. By potentiodynamic polarization method, the highest inhibition efficiencies of 89.5% and 80.04% are observed with single LYZ or VB1, respectively, and an improved inhibition efficiency of 94.2% is obtained with LYZ-VB1 at 25°C.
New Technologies of Energy Saving and Low CO2 Emission for Iron Making
Authors: An Xiu Wei , Wang Jing Song , She Xue Feng , Ding Yin Gui , Xue Qing Guo
Published: February 2012

Energy saving has drawn more and more attention of the world due to the pressure of the environment and society. Metallurgy is one of the biggest energy consumption industries, accounting for about 16% of the total industry, basically the same ratio as the emission of CO2 and other pollutants. About 70% of total energy for steel production is consumed in iron-making process with the same ratio of CO2 discharged, so it has a great significance to achieve energy saving and low CO2 emission in iron-making process. The new iron-making technologies with energy saving and low CO2 emission such as oxygen blast furnace, ITmk3, application of waste plastics and biomass in iron-making, were introduced in the present work. Particularly, the latest research progress, merit and demerit were compared, and the contribution of the different technologies to low CO2 emission and the energy saving were analyzed.
Wet Etching Studies of PECVD Silicon Nitride Films in Doped TMAH Solutions
Authors: Han Jian Qiang , Feng Ri Sheng , Wang Xiao Fei
Published: February 2012

It has been reported that the etch rate of exposed aluminum lines and pads on MEMS chips can be significantly reduced by dissolving an appropriate amount of silicon (or silicic acid, water glass) and ammonium persulfate (AP) in TMAH solution. However the etch rates of the PECVD silicon nitride films，which is usually underlying aluminum lines and pad, were rarely reported in previous literatures. In this paper, silicon nitride films of high compressive stress, low compressive stress, micro-stress, low tensile stress and high tensile stress are prepared by adjusting the flow ratio of SiH4 to NH3 and plasma power. Then the films are etched in four kinds of previously reported doped TMAH solutions. The experimental results show that silicon nitride films depositing at low flow ratio of SiH4 to NH3 and lager RF power were etched more slowly in doped TMAH solution than that of depositing at high flow ratio of SiH4 to NH3 and low RF power.
Growth of Carbon Fibers from Copper Dendrite Nanostructures Catalyzed Decomposition of Acetylene
Authors: Zhang Cong , Du Fang Lin
Published: February 2012

Carbon nanofibers with novel morphology are successfully synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition of acetylene with dendritic copper nanocrystals on Cu electrode as a catalyst. Growth mechanism of sandwich-like and multi-branched carbon fibers is discussed, and the impact of catalyst morphology and growth time on the structure of the carbon nanofibers is investigated. The organic groups and the thermal stability of the as-prepared carbon nanofibers are revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (IR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.
Temperature-Sensitive Nanogels PNIPAAm/DMA Prepared and Research
Authors: Wang Hai Yan , Liao Qian , Shao Qiao Lan , Qiu Gao , Lu Xi Hua
Published: February 2012

There have much study about thermo-responsive nanogels,which exhibit temperature-controlled volume phase transitions.There have been few reports,however,of electrostatically neutral,thermosensitive nanogels with a high composition of hydrophilic monomer.Here,we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new class of nonionic copolymer nanogels based on N-ispropylacrylamide(NIPAM) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMA),wich exhibit tunable volume phase transition temperatures.And increasing percentages of DMA in copolymer gels raises the LCST,and attenuates and broadens the volume phases transition.Through DLS, AFM and UV-Vis measurement it's size,shape and VPTTs.The character of nonionic NIPAM/DMA nanogels show it's tunable phase transitions promise to be useful for applicatipns in biotechnology and medicine.
Influence of Multi-Round Annealing Process on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived TiO2-δ Films
Authors: Liu Jin Ming , Zhao Xiao Ru , Duan Li Bing , Bai Xiao Jun , Jin Ning , Chen Chang Le
Published: February 2012

Anatase TiO2- thin films on glass substrates were prepared by sol-gel dip-coating method. We designed a multi-round annealing process which was under the air pressure of 5 Pa and then 5×10-2 Pa for one hour each at 550 °C, and such process was repeated for three times. The special designed annealing process can obviously improve the conductivity of the udoped TiO2- thin films. The minimum resistivity of the undoped TiO2- thin films reached 0.8 Ω cm after being treated by the multi-round annealing process. It was demonstrated that such annealing process was an effective way to increase the defects in TiO2- thin films such as oxygen vacancies. The average transmittances of the films were approximately 60~80% in the visible range with the forbidden gaps of 3.25~3.35 eV. After the multi-round annealing process, the optical forbidden gaps of the films became narrowed slightly, which might be also related to the defects introduced during the multi-annealing process.
Effective Method for Preparation of Surface NH2-Functionalized SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Li Jun Hua , Zhang Dan , Zhang Qi Jian
Published: February 2012

Surface NH2-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica was synthesized using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as bridge molecule. Firstly, surface Si-OH of SBA-15 reacted with one –NCO group of TDI molecular. Then, another unreacted –NCO group of TDI molecular reacted with one -NH2 group of ethylenediamine (EDA). Finally, NH2- group was successfully grafted on mesoporous SBA-15 surface by the above two step method. XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, FTIR and 29Si MAS NMR were used to identify the well-ordered structure and the successful incorporation of -NH2 on the surface of the synthesized materials. Characterizations revealed that such -NH2 graft is an effective method to obtain a high loading of amino on SBA -15.
Fabrication and Visible Response of Au-TiO2 (P25) Composite Photocatalyst with Obvious Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect
Authors: Liu Ying , Yu Hong Tao , Quan Xie
Published: February 2012

Au-TiO2 composite photocatalysis material was fabricated by the photodeposition method. The SEM and TEM images demonstrate that Au-TiO2 NPs are with inerratic geometry and their diameters are in the range of 10 nm to 20 nm. The UV-vis spectra shows the strong peaks in 200-400 nm and near 550 nm which are attributed to the characteristic absorption peak of TiO2 and the strong surface-plasmon-resonance of Au NPs, respectively. Under visible light irradiation, the phenol degradation dynamics constant on Au-TiO2 was 0.008 min-1 which was 4 times of that on Degussa P25. The effects of Au amount on the photocatalytic capability of Au-TiO2 were also investigated.
Study On Reducing State Multifunctional Leno
Authors: Li Qing Shan , Zuo Chun Yan , Pang Ai Li , Li Jun , Li Hai Long
Published: February 2012

Leno enhanced the leno's contents of scientific and cultural,displayed the infinite charm This paper briefly introduces the history of leno, focus on the cooperation of Yanshan University and Suzhou Sacred Dragon Silk researched Reducing state multifunctional leno. reducing state multifunctional leno has excellent performance and a wide range of uses. It analyzed the waving process, applications of Reducing state multifunctional leno, and prospected its long term development. reducing state multifunctional of Chinese textile.
The Hydrophobic Nanoparticles Adsorption Layer on Core Surface and its Properties
Authors: Wang Xin Liang , Di Qin Feng , Zhang Ren Liang , Gu Chun Yuan , Ding Wei Peng , Gong Wei
Published: February 2012

A compact hydrophobic nanoparticles (HNPs) adsorption layer，which had miro- and nano- dual structural properties, can be built by adsorption of HNPs on core surfaces, and then the wettability of core surface can be change from hydrophilic into strong hydrophobic. Measurements validated that the maximum contact angle of HNPs adsorption surface was close to 150°. This method has a very good prospect for industrial application. The flow resistance can be significantly reduced when the water flow through the core micro-channel walls adsorbed HNPs. Core displacement experimental results show that the largest drag reduction rate can be up to 159%, and the average to 73.4%. The results have important significance to the studies of the HNPs drag reduction technology.
Preparation and Physical Properties of CdSe Semiconductor Films by Ultrasonic Chemistry Method
Authors: Zhang Zhi Qian , Wu Guang Ming , Gao De Wen , Zhu Yan Ying , Cao Yang , Zhou Yang
Published: February 2012

CdSe films have been prepared successfully by an ultrasonic chemical bath method, with CdCl2•2.5H2O and Na2SeSO3 as precursors, and trisodium citrate as complexing agent. The films were characterized by XRD, AFM, and UV-Vis. The results showed that the CdSe films were n-type semiconductor and had absorption in the visible region. The CdSe film electrode had higher electron transfer rate, which leads to a substantial improvement on the photocurrent. Optimal condition for preparing the CdSe thin films were as following: the ratio of Cd2+ to trisodium citrate was 1:1.5, the ratio of Cd2+ to Se2- was 2.5:1, the pH value was 10, the deposition time was 2.5h, and the annealing temperature was 350°C.
Solid-State Diffusion Formation of Nanocrystalline Nb3Sn Layers at Two-Staged Annealing of Multifilamentary Nb/Cu-Sn Wires
Authors: Popova E.N. , Deryagina I.L. , Romanov E.P. , Dergunova E.A. , Vorobyova A.E. , Balaev S.M.
Published: February 2012

The structure of Nb3Sn-based, bronze-processed Ti-doped multifilamentary superconducting wires has been studied by TEM and SEM after the first (5750C,100 h) and the second (6500C,100 h) stage of the diffusion annealing. The Nb3Sn layers formation in all the composites proceeds by one and the same mechanism and starts with nucleation of particles and very fine grains of this phase in Nb filaments where Sn diffuses from the bronze matrix. Ti, inserted both in the bronze matrix, or Nb filaments, diffuses into the growing superconducting layer and promotes its more active formation. At the first stage of annealing (5750C, 100 h) Nb3Sn grains have an average size of 40 nm, and at the second stage (6500C, 100 h) they increase by a factor of 1.5 and the grain size distribution gets wider. After the two-stage annealing the amount of the residual niobium is small, and some Nb filaments, especially in doped composites, almost completely transform into Nb3Sn. In the Nb3Sn layers of a zone of columnar grains is adjacent to the residual Nb.
Forty Years since the Invention of SUPRAL Alloys and Look where we Are now
Authors: Barnes A.J. , Stowell M.J. , Grimes Roger , Laycock D.B. , Watts B.M.
Published: February 2012

Prior to 1969 the pioneering work carried out by Backofen and Fields in the USA and Johnson and Hundy in the UK demonstrated the 'promise' of Superplastic Forming. Using fine grained dual phase alloys, typically of eutectic or eutectoid compositions, they produced some of the very first superplastically formed prototype components. Although not always 'practical', these dual phase alloys were stable when heated and if appropriately processed often proved to be very superplastic. At that time 'dilute' alloys, including the majority of commercial aluminum alloys, having only a small volume fraction of alloying additions, were thought not to be capable of superplastic behavior due to their propensity to grain coarsen when heated. Breakthrough came in 1969 when at the research labs of Tube Investments, Hinxton Hall Nr Cambridge UK; the first 'SUPRAL' type dilute superplastic aluminum alloys were created. This paper describes the events and 'science' that led up to this development and the remarkable technology that has emerged since the authors began their superplasticity careers more than forty years ago. The future direction that this intriguing technology is likely to take is also explored.
A Theoretical Investigation into the Effect of Laser Parameters on the Surface Cleaning of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Dixit A. , Keavey Mike , Jocelyn Alan , Way Jerome , Fanourakis Alexander
Published: February 2012

Chemical cleaning has been used for several decades as a surface preparation technique for diffusion bonding. Here we present a theoretical investigation that examines the effect of changes in the process parameters when a laser is used as an alternative to chemical cleaning for surface contaminant removal. Here a theoretical model is described that includes laser beam attenuation in the plasma plume and its effect on evaporation of the material. Using the model, a comprehensive analysis of the effect of different fluences and other parameters for a KrF Excimer laser is presented. Calculations were carried out for a range of peak fluxes from below the ablation threshold to fluxes of the order of 9 x 1012 W/m2. The predicted effects on evaporation, melt depth and surface temperature are reported, illustrated by a number of surface topographic images from preliminary experiments. Finally, optimal parameters for cleaning according to the theoretical investigation are proposed.
Superplastic Forming Properties of TIMETAL®54M (Ti-5%Al-4%V-0.6%Mo-0.4%Fe) Sheets
Authors: Kosaka Yoji , Gudipati Phani
Published: February 2012

Superplastic forming (SPF) properties of TIMETAL54M (Ti-5Al-4V-0.6Mo-0.4Fe, or Ti-54M) sheet were investigated. A total elongation of Ti-54M exceeds 500% at temperatures between 750°C and 850°C at a strain rate of 10-3/S. Values of strain rate sensitivity (m-value) measured by jump strain rate tests are 0.45 ~0.6 in a temperature range of 730°C to 900°C at a strain arte of 5 x 10-4/S or 1 x 10-4/S. Flow stress of the alloy is 20 ~ 40% lower than that of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) mill annealed sheet. The observation of microstructure after the tests revealed the indication of grain boundary sliding in a wide range of temperatures and strain rates.
A Simple Method to Improve Superplastic Elongation and Strength of 3Y-TZP Deformed at High Strain-Rates
Authors: Motohashi Yoshinobu , Kikuchi Makoto , Sakuma Takaaki , Yukutake Eitaro , Kuboki Isao
Published: February 2012

During superplastic deformation (SPD) of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals containing 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP) at high strain-rates, a number of crack-like flat cavities having very narrow gaps lying along grain boundaries mostly normal to the tensile axis are produced in addition to conventional cavities. The formation and growth of these flat cavities are responsible for the strain softening that appears on the true stress versus true strain curves. The growth and coalescence of the flat cavities were a main cause of the degradation of elongation to fracture. We have found that a simple treatment, in which the superplastic deformation is temporally stopped, i.e., the cross-head movement is reversed and accordingly the applied load is removed, and then the specimen is kept at the test temperature for several minutes, is surprisingly effective to reduce the flat cavities. Carrying out this simple treatment repeatedly, after 30% nominal stain during the SPD, led to an increace in total elongation by about three times larger than that of a specimen not subjected to such a treatment. This treatment can also recover the strength and accordingly mechanical properties of the superplastically deformed 3Y-TZP to that of the undeformed state. This finding is believed to be quite significant for practical applications of superplasticity in 3Y-TZP, because the flat cavities can be closed very simply by keeping a product at the forming temperature after or during the superplastic forming process.