bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
smartificación de la administración pública: apostilla críticas a partir del caso europeo
Authors: Piedra Alegría Jonathan
Published: December 2021

La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y las tecnologías derivadas están generando una gran cantidad de cambios en nuestro mundo. Estudios y publicaciones especializados muestran hasta qué punto las tecnologías de Inteligencia Artificial tendrán numerosas implicaciones que cambiarán de manera profunda y disruptiva nuestra sociedad. En el caso concreto de la Unión Europea, en el año 2018, 24 países miembros de la UE (más Noruega) firmaron la Declaración de Cooperación sobre Inteligencia Artificial en la cual se comprometían a trabajar juntos con la finalidad de estimular la adopción de la IA en Europa. En este artículo aludimos a algunos ejemplos europeos relacionados con el potencial de la IA en la gestión pública y presentamos argumentos acerca de por qué la IA para uso público es un campo de investigación teórico sin capacidad para ejercer, en la actualidad, el necesario impacto en los futuros diseños de la Administración pública.
Transhumanismo, el último suspiro de Dios: análisis del proyecto transhumanista desde la filosofía posthumanista posmoderna
Authors: Lavina Faustmann Luis
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo analiza desde una postura crítica la ideología transhumanista y su defensa de la necesidad inminente de la mejora técnica hacia la sociedad posthumana. Para articular la crítica, se aborda el concepto de posthumanismo. Esta noción de posthumanismo es comprendida de manera diametralmente opuesta por los autores transhumanistas y los posthumanistas posmodernos. El análisis de la diferente forma de comprender la superación de lo humano de ambas corrientes permitirá finalmente contraponerlas para denunciar cómo el proyecto transhumanista es un nuevo humanismo. En ese sentido, y en tanto que filosofía heredera de la Ilustración, supone una aspiración peligrosa, dado que mantiene una confianza arrogante en la razón y la tecnología, está profundamente despolitizada, se contrapone necesariamente a aquellos considerados menos humanos, y mantiene en su núcleo un liberalismo individualista y visión utópica/escatológica del progreso.
Elogio trágico del reflejo. Sobre la nostalgia antropológica de la identidad
Authors: Esteban Ortega Joaquín
Published: December 2021

El reflejo de uno mismo siempre ha generado inquietud y sospecha. Con casi seguridad vernos y reconocernos nos ha puesto desde el primer momento en relación directa con nuestro verdadero alcance y nuestra caducidad. El tiempo líquido en el que la iconicidad de nuestra naturaleza se proyecta constantemente sobre espacios imposibles de virtualidad parece requerir el contrapunto de un elogio trágico del reflejo. El presente trabajo pretende rastrear algunos argumentos que puedan servir de recordatorio de la importancia crítica que tiene el reflejo para la construcción de la identidad humana. Lo haremos desde una perspectiva hermenéutico-narrativa dialogando con algunos relatos emblemáticos en los que no se ha pretendido nunca la invisibilización de la muerte. Intentaremos volver a poner de manifiesto esa tensión trágica implícita en el carácter contradictorio de la vida y, de ese modo, aquellos extremos esenciales que parecen hoy ya olvidados en el éxtasis epocal de la autofoto hueca.
Ciencia y relato verosímil: ¿es posible hacer filosofía de la naturaleza?
Authors: Ortiz de Landázuri Manuel C.
Published: December 2021

Frente a los grandes descubrimientos de la ciencia, parece que la filosofía ya no tiene un papel relevante acerca de qué es la vida y cuál es el lugar del ser humano en el cosmos. La ciencia sería la que, mediante un conocimiento objetivo y basado en la experiencia empírica, revela los secretos de la vida y el universo. En este artículo pretendo mostrar que las ciencias son un tipo de relato con un grado de verosimilitud restringido a un campo de aplicación muy concreto. Más allá del nivel de relato descriptivo-mecánico, el ser humano necesita un relato más profundo acerca de la vida y su papel en el cosmos: aquí es donde entra en juego la filosofía, como un tipo de relato diferente, con unos criterios de verosimilitud distintos. Como paradigma del problema de la superposición de relatos, trataré de mostrar algunos problemas que ha suscitado la teoría sintética de la evolución, como una postura científica, pero que a la vez se ha vuelto filosófica
Conceptual studies of the historical and modern-day influence of climate on forms of government, political and socio-economic processes: a view from Russia
Authors: Anisimov Aleksei , Leonidovna Davidova Marina , Alibekovich Ahverdiev Ervin
Published: December 2021

Este artículo sostiene que el clima tiene un impacto significativo, no solo en el desarrollo de una economía, en el estado de los objetos naturales, la moral y la cultura, sino también en los sistemas de gobierno. Sobre la base del concepto de posibilismo climático, los autores de este artículo demuestran que existen patrones relacionados con el establecimiento de un gobierno monocrático en países con climas cálidos y gobiernos policráticos en países con climas más duros y fríos. Por tanto, el cambio climático actual, es decir, el aumento de la temperatura media anual, conducirá inevitablemente a la expansión paulatina de territorios con climas cálidos. Como resultado, la policracia que es común en el mundo moderno eventualmente se transformará en monocracia, lo que, a su vez, conducirá a cambios en las esferas legal, moral, religiosa, cultural de la vida. Por ello es necesario incrementar la cooperación internacional en términos de implementación de las disposiciones del Acuerdo de París (2015), y adoptar e implementar un conjunto de medidas adecuadas a nivel nacional que nos permitan frenar el proceso de pérdida de la identidad cultural de países con una forma de gobierno policrático (republicano).
La verdad y su sombra: el diálogo con el islam. La propuesta del papa Francisco en la polémica
Authors: Susaeta Montoya Fernando
Published: December 2021

: El papa Francisco es
bien consciente de las críticas que le dirigen por defender que el diálogo con
el islam es un kairós tanto para el cristianismo como para el conjunto de la sociedad actual. Pero ello no le impide
afirmar, con Fratelli tutti, que este diálogo queda absolutamente justificado
por una verdad transcendente (aquella
que desborda incluso al que la afirma):
la fraternidad universal. Una verdad
objetiva y universal, pero a la vez profundamente abierta, dinámica y en interpretación polifónica.
ALGORITHM OF BANDWIDTH DISTRIBUTION OF A LOGICAL CHANNEL OF A MULTI-SERVICE COMMUNICATION NETWORK, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INSUFFICIENT OBSERVABILITY OF A RESOURCE PROVIDED BY A COMMUNICATION OPERATOR
Authors: Крюков О.В. , Остриков А.Ю. , Щербаков В.С. , Покацкий С.А. , Ульянов И.В.
Published: December 2021

В работе предложен алгоритм распределения полосы пропускания логического канала мультисервисной сети связи, позволяющий повысить качество обслуживания для отдельных сервисов в условиях, когда арендуемый у оператора связи ресурс пропускной способности характеризуется недостаточной наблюдаемостью и отсутствует обмен метками QoS на транспортном уровне.

The paper proposes algorithm of bandwidth distribution of a logical channel of a multiservice communication network, which makes it possible to improve the quality of service for individual services in conditions when the bandwidth resource leased from a telecom operator is characterized by insufficient observability and there is no exchange of QoS tags at the transport level.
Fundamentals of technology to improve the performance of friction
units of transport equipment
Authors: Medeljaev I.A.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the basics of technology for improving the performance of friction units of machines and their
diagnostics by acoustic emission method. It is shown that it is important to create a lubricant film on the friction surfaces
before they are mechanically loaded, which ensures "soft" starting conditions during their start-up.
After the creation of the lubricant film, the friction unit is mechanically loaded with the regulation of friction heat generation,
which, together with the filtration of the lubricant and timely cleaning of the filter elements from pollutants, lengthens
the life of the lubricant film and increases the service life of the friction unit.
Composite multi-layer coatings for end mills
Authors: Migranov M. Sh. , Migranov A.M.
Published: December 2021

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of tribological characteristics of composite multilayer coatings for
cutting tools for blade processing by milling are presented. Installed reducing the coefficient of friction, longer tool life and
reduced thermal loading of the cutting zone in milling operations with the use of wear-resistant coatings.
MODEL TERAPI SENI DENGAN MEDIA VISUAL DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH PSIKOLOGIS PADA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Safitri M  , Sulis Mariyanti
Published: December 2021

At this time there are at least 6 psychological impacts encountered, namely learning problems, especially in children and adolescents, general stress, anxiety, mood swings, anxiety disorders and somatic. These problems if not treated immediately can continue to become a more serious disorder. Thus, efforts are needed to overcome , including counseling from people who can help.The purpose of this study is to apply an art therapy model with visual media in overcoming psychological problems in the Covid-19 pandemic.This research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative, with the results of descriptive analysis for the implementation of art therapy with visuals and a description of the results of therapy based on the level and ability to overcome problems before and after therapy.The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling, where the respondents are 5 residents who live in RW 06 Medang Pagedangan Tangerang.Art therapy using photocard tools from Point of You that explores awareness. Art therapy model with visual media through photocard from Point of You in coming psychological problems that have been done looks effective, looks like the counselee can determine the perceived problem solving, there is a decrease in the value of the problem and an increase in the value of problems solving abilities and the steps to be taken.Keywords: Art therapy, awareness, point of you

Pada saat ini setidaknya ada 6 dampak psikologis yang ditemui yaitu masalah belajar khususnya pada klien anak dan remaja, keluhan stress umum, keluhan kecemasan, keluhan suasana hati yang berubah-ubah/mood swing, gangguan kecemasan dan keluhan somatic. Masalah-masalah ini jika tidak segera mendapat penanganan dapat berlanjut menjadi gangguan lebih serius. Dengan demikian diperlukan usaha untuk untuk menanggulangi, diantaranya adalah melakukan konseling dari orang yang bisa membantu. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan model terapi seni dengan media visual dalam mengatasi masalah psikologis pada pandemi Covid 19. Metode penelitian ini adalah gabungan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan hasil analisa deskripstif untuk pelaksanaan terapi seni dengan visual dan gambaran hasil terapi berdasarkan tingkat dan kemampuan mengatasi masalah sebelum dan setelah terapi. Teknik sampling non-probability sampling dengan purposive sampling, dimana responden adalah 5 warga yang tinggal di RW 06 Medang Pagedangan Tangerang. Terapi seni menggunakan tools kartu bergambar dari Point of youyang mengeksplore awareness. Model terapi seni dengan media visual melalui gambar dari Point of You dalam mengatasi masalah psikologis yang telah dilakukan terlihat efektif, terlihat konseli bisa menentukan pemecahan masalah yang dirasakan, ada penurunan pada nilai masalah dan kenaikan pada nilai kemampuan pemecahan masalah serta langkah yang akan dilakukan Kata Kunci: Terapi seni, awareness, point of you
MOTIVASI BELAJAR DITINJAU DARI DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN SCHOOL WELL-BEING
Authors: Nur Ainy Sadijah
Published: December 2021

The role of the family has the influence to overcome all obstacles both from internal and external students in realizing all the ideals and hopes. Family support can increase learning motivation, sense of security and attention of students who are still in school. The form of family expression through empathy and acceptance helps students with enthusiasm to manifest individual enthusiasm in the learning process. High learning motivation is also caused by school well-being which is used by school institutions to understand all the basic needs for students and hope that individuals feel satisfaction, well-being and comfort in school with all the processes so as to reduce low learning motivation, this makes students feel prosperous, happy, happy in studying at school. This study aims to determine the effect of family support and school well-being on learning motivation in students of SMP Negeri 1 Telukjambe Timur Karawang. The number of samples used was 205 students of SMP Negeri 1 grades 7 and 8 East Telukjambe using probability sampling method. Based on the multiple regression analysis test that there is an influence between family support and school well-being on the learning motivation of students of SMP Negeri 1 Telukjambe Timur Karawang grades 7 and 8 with a Sign value. 0.000 <0.005, which means that family support and school well-being affect students' learning motivation by 23.1%. Keywords: Learning motivation, family support, school well-being

Peran keluarga memiliki pengaruh untuk mengatasi segala rintangan baik dari internal maupun ekternal siswa dalam mewujudkan semua cita-cita dan harapan. Dukungan keluarga mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar, rasa aman dan perhatian siswa yang masih duduk dibangku sekolah. Bentuk ungkapan keluarga melalui empati dan penerimaan membantu siswa dengan semangat untuk mewujudkan semangat individu dalam proses belajarnya. Motivasi belajar yang tinggi juga di sebabkan oleh school well-being yang, dijadikan oleh institusi sekolah untuk memahami segala kebutuhan mendasar bagi siswa dan berharap individu merasakan kepuasan, kesejahteraan dan kenyamanan di sekolah dengan segala prosesnya sehingga mengurangi rendahnya motivasi belajar hal ini membuat siswa merasa sejahtera, senang, bahagia di dalam menuntut ilmu di sekolah. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga dan school well-being terhadap motivasi belajar pada siswa SMP Negeri 1 Telukjambe Timur Karawang. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 205 siswa SMP Negeri 1 kelas 7 dan 8 Telukjambe Timur dengan menggunakan metode probability sampling. Berdasarkan uji analisis regresi berganda bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara dukungan keluarga dan school well-being terhadap motivasi belajar siswa SMP Negeri 1 Telukjambe Timur Karawang kelas 7 dan 8 dengan nilai Sign. 0,000 < 0,005 yang artinya dukungan keluarga dan school well-being mempengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa sebesar 23.1%. Kata Kunci: Motivasi belajar, dukungan keluarga, school well-being
The role of supra-professional competencies in the professional development of students
Authors: Kandaurova Anna V. , Mikhailova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2021

Researchers' attention to the problem of supra-professional competencies is explained by the rapid changes in all spheres of human activity. Changes in the production sphere, changes in the labor market, changes in the economic, political, socio-cultural spheres pose the task of pedagogical science to search for internal resources of the educational process for the training of a new type of specialist. In today's changing conditions, the problem of training professional personnel is relevant all over the world and for all professional fields. One of the ways to solve this problem is the study and development of the theory and practice of supra-professional competencies as an additional resource for the professional development of a labor subject. The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of various approaches to determining the content of the concept of "supra-professional competencies"; options for classifying these competencies; discusses the results of an empirical study to assess the formation of supra-professional competencies among students. The paper also presents a discussion by various authors on the role and significance of the formation and development of supra-professional competencies during vocational training. The presented work also emphasizes the fact that employers note a sufficiently high theoretical level of graduate training, which increases the share of practical training, but still graduates are not ready for creative and flexible application of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired in the workplace. Drawing conclusions based on the assessment of different opinions, as well as the empirical results obtained, the authors emphasize the exceptional role and great importance of supra-professional competencies in the professional development and formation of a future specialist, which poses new challenges to the higher education system for the development and improvement of this group of competencies.
Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Harga terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada PT Bali Semesta Agung Denpasar
Authors: Prasetya Andhika Ary , Indiani Ni Luh Putu
Published: December 2021

Persaingan ketat terjadi di industri jasa pengiriman barang di Indonesia. Hal ini karena semakin meningkatnya permintaan masyarakat terhadap jasa pengiriman barang pada beberapa tahun belakangan seiring dengan meningkatnya transaksi ecommerce terlebih di saat pandemi Covid19 saat ini. Perusahaan PT. Bali Semesta Agung bergerak di jasa pengiriman. Di tengah meningkatnya permintaan masyarakat terhadap jasa pengiriman, pendapatan PT. Bali Semesta Agung justru menunjukkan tren penurunan per tahunnya. Permasalahan ini menjadi landasan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas layanan dan harga terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pada PT.Bali Semesta Agung. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pelanggan yang sudah pernah menggunakan jasa pengiriman PT.Bali Semesta Agung. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sebesar 100 responden. Metode pengumpulan data adalah metode survey dengan kuesioner. Teknik analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kualitas layanan dan harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan PT. Bali Semesta Agung perlu memastikan tampilan gedung menarik, kehandalan dalam pengiriman barang, ketanggapan dalam melayani pelanggan, memberikan jaminan bahwa barang akan sampai dengan selamat di tempat tujuan sesuai estimasi waktu, dan berupaya memahami setiap kebutuhan pelanggan. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas kebijakan harga PT. Bali Semesta Agung perlu memastikan harga terjangkau bagi konsumen, harga bersaing dengan kompetitor, harga sesuai dengan kualitas yang diberikan, dan harga sesuai dengan manfaat yang diterima oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: kualitas layanan, harga, kepuasan pelanggan, jasa pengiriman.Â
Uji Aktivitas Antihiperglikemia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Delima Putih (Punica granatum L.) pada Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus L.) yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Pangesti Clara , Nopiyanti Vivin , Widyasti Jena Hayu
Published: December 2021

Daun delima (Punica granatum L.) memiliki kandungan flavonoid sebagai penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan mencegah kerusakan jaringan akibat stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun delima putih terhadap kadar glukosa darah, berat badan, dan dosis efektif ekstrak etanol daun delima putih dalam penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok I (normal), kelompok II (kontrol negatif CMC-Na 0,5%), kelompok III (kontrol positif glibenklamid), kelompok IV (ekstrak 140 mg/Kg BB), kelompok V (ekstrak 280 mg/Kg BB) dan kelompok VI (ekstrak 560 mg/Kg BB). Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari dengan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dan berat badan pada hari ke 0, 3,10, dan 17. Hasil analisis kadar glukosa darah dan berat badan dilakukan secara statistika melalui uji Multivariate Test dan uji Tukey Post Hoc, sedangkan penurunan kadar glukosa dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way Anova dan uji Tukey Post Hoc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tersebut mempunyai aktivitas antihiperglikemia pada mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. Ekstrak etanol daun delima putih dosis 280 mg/Kg BB mempunyai aktivitas antihiperglikemia yang efektif dibanding dengan dosis 140 mg/Kg BB dan 560 mg/Kg BB yang sebanding dengan kelompok kontrol positif.Kata Kunci : Punica granatum L., antihiperglikemia, aloksan
Formulasi Mouthwash Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Gliserin sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175
Authors: Maharani Novita , Aisiyah Siti , Purwaningsih Desi
Published: December 2021

Karies gigi menjadi penyakit utama dalam permasalahan pada rongga mulut terutama pada gigi. Penyebab utama terjadinya karies gigi adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang menjadi penghuni normal pada rongga mulut. Karies gigi dapat diatasi menggunakan suatu sediaan mouthwash yang mengandung zat antibakteri. Kulit buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki kandungan zat yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mutu fisik dan stabilitas, serta aktivitas antibakteri mouthwash ekstrak kulit buah nanas.Ekstrak kulit buah nanas dibuat dalam tiga formula sediaan mouthwash menggunakan variasi konsentrasi gliserin 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Sediaan mouthwash diuji mutu fisik dan stabilitas. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 menggunakan metode sumuran. Data yang didapat disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik diolah dengan SPSS ver22 dengan metode Paired T-Test pada pengujian viskositas dan pengujian pH dan ANOVA pada pengukuran diameter zona hambat.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sediaan mouthwash pada semua formula dengan mutu fisik organoleptik, viskositas, dan stabilitas menghasilkan sediaan yang baik, sedangkan pada pengujian mutu fisik pH tidak memenuhi syarat pH sediaan mouthwash karena pengaruh dari ekstrak kulit buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr). Pada pengujian aktivitas antibakteri sediaan mouthwash didapatkan nilai diameter zona hambat yaitu basis 0 mm; F1 11,08 mm; F2 13,08 mm; F3 15,08 mm; dan kontrol positif 16,75 mm.Kata kunci : karies; nanas; mouthwash; Streptococcus mutans
Uji Ketoksikan Akut Ekstrak Etanol Kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) dan air (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk) Menggunakan Metode OECD 423
Authors: Wulan A. Ariani Hesti , Langit Navtalina Putri Sekar
Published: December 2021

Kangkung memiliki dua jenis yaitu darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) dan air (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk). Kangkung dapat digunakan untuk terapi herbal antara lain sedative, hipnotik, antidiabetes, analgetik dan ansiolitik. Obat herbal pemakaiannya cukup lama yaitu lebih dari satu minggu, maka perlu diketahui keamanannya agar tidak menimbulkan efek berbahaya yang tidak diinginkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas dan menentukan nilai LD50 ekstrak etanol kangkung darat dan air menggunakan metode OECD 423. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan uji mencit Mus musculus menggunakan dosis 300 mg/KgBB, kemudian dilanjutkan dosis 2000mg/KgBB. Pemberian melalui peroral satu kali selama perlakuan, dilihat gejala fisik berupa sianosis, kejang, laju pernafasan selama 4 jam pertama dan dihitung jumlah kematian. Pengamatan dilanjutkan sampai hari ke 14. Jika terjadi kematian pada 24 jam pertama maka dilakukan pengulangan. Hasil skrining fitokimia ektrak etanol kangkung darat dan air positif terhadap flavonoid, tannin, saponin, steroid, dan vitamin C dan E. Berdasar hasil pengamatan jumlah kematian kemudian disesuaikan dengan GHCS ekstrak etanol kangkung darat dan air memiliki LD50 > 2000-5000 mg/KgBBKata Kunci : kangkung, darat, air, OECD 423, ekstrak etanol
ENERJİ SÜBVANSİYONLARININ ETKİLERİ VE TÜRKİYE AÇISINDAN AMPİRİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: AKAR Hakan , GİRAY Filiz , ÇINAR Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Enerjinin kullanım alanları ve işlevlerine binaen hükümetler tarafından desteklenmeleri söz konusu olmaktadır. Bu desteklerin başında sübvansiyonlar gelmektedir. Günümüzde birçok ülke her yıl gayrisafi yurtiçi hasılaları(GSYİH)’ nın önemli bir kısmını enerji sübvansiyonlarına ayırmaktadırlar. Çeşitli enerji kaynakları olmakla birlikte enerji elde etmek için dünyada en çok başvurulan fosil yakıtlardır. Ancak fosil yakıtların neden olduğu olumsuz etkiler bu alandaki sübvansiyoların da sorgulanmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, enerji sübvansiyonlarının çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal etkilerini Türkiye uygulaması ile incelemektir. Böylece Türkiye açısından elde edilen bulguların ışığı altında izlenecek enerji sübvansiyonu politikası konusunda önerilerde bulunulabilinecektir. Bu çerçevede Türkiye için 1990-2018 dönemi verileri kullanılarak ARDL eştümleşme analizi ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi ile enerji sübvansiyonları ve çevresel etkiler arasında kısa vadede tek yönlü ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuca göre enerji sübvansiyonlarının aşamalı olarak tamamen kaldırılması, küresel CO2 emisyonlarını %5,8 azaltabilme potansiyeline sahiptir. Eştümleşme analiz sonuçlarına göre, enerji sübvansiyonlarının uzun dönemli ekonomik etkilerine rastlanmamıştır. Sosyal etkiler açısından da eştümleşme analizine göre enerji sübvansiyonlarının işsizlikle olan ilişkisi uzun dönemde anlamsız bulunmuştur. Bu bulgulara dayalı olarak Türkiye’de de enerji sübvansiyon politikalarından değişim yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir.
YEREL DEMOKRASİDE TEMSİL VE KATILIM
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Tacettin Gökhan
Published: December 2021

Bir toplumda demokratik siyasal kültür kavramının varlığından söz edebilmek için asgari olması gereken unsurlar olarak siyasi eşitlik, demokratik kurumlar ve özgürlüklere karşı beslenen inanç ve değerler kümesi kavramlarını sayabiliriz. Bireyler arasında siyasi farklılıkların ve anlaşmazlıkların doğal ve hoşgörüyle karşılanarak korunması gerektiğine inancın varlığı, toplumun nasıl ve bir hayat yaşayacağını ve yönetileceğini belirleyecek olan iktidarın meşru ve denetlenebilir kurulların bulunması, bu iktidarı kullanacak kurulların yapılan seçimlerle belirlenmesi hususları da demokratik sürecin vazgeçilmez unsurlarıdır. Yerel topluluk içindeki gruplar karar alıcı iktidar erkine erişim sağlamakta ve demokrasi yaklaşımın ruhu gereği iktidarın denetlenmesini sağlamaktadırlar. Bu hususların temini ise yerel halkın yerel siyasete katılım ve temsili ile mümkündür. Siyasal alanda temsil kavramı toplumda hak ve yetkiye sahip bir bireyin, kendi yokluğunda yürütmeye ilişkin hak ve yetkisini gerçek olmayan bir kişiye devretmesi olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Temsil ve katılım birbirinden ayrılmayan saç ayakları gibidir. Bu anlamda katılım; iktidarı elinde bulunduranların yanında yönetimde söz sahibi olabilme pratiğini ortaya çıkaran bir kavramdır. Katılma süreci ile yönetilen toplumsal grupların alınan kararlara toplumsal temelde sahiplenilmesi amacıyla vatandaşların ve paydaşların yönetim karar ve süreçlerine dahil edilmesi söz konusudur. Bu düşünceler doğrultusunda bu çalışmada yerel yönetimlerde demokrasi düşüncesi temsil ve katılım üzerinden irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Comorbidities of Primary Care patients with COVID-19 during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Community of Madrid
Authors: Puerta José-Luis , Torrego-Ellacuría Macarena , Del Rey-Mejías Ángel , Biénzobas López César
Published: December 2021

Objectives. Recent publications on inpatients with COVID-19 describing their comorbidities and demographic profile exists, but data from large populations requiring only primary care (PC) are scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap and report the prevalence of eight comorbidities (high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic heart failure) among patients attending PC during the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Community of Madrid (CoM), Spain. Patients and methods. This is an observational retrospective study that collects data registered in the CoM between February 25th and May 31st, 2020. Data are divided in two groups: Group-1 (N=339,890) consist of all patients with suspected or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection; and Group-2 is the subgroup (N=48,556, 14.3% of Group-1) of individuals with COVID-19 confirmed by positive RT-PCR test. Results. Comparing Group-1 with Group-2, 339,890/48,556 patients, respectively, the main results were as follows: average age (60.9/69.9 years), presence of at least one comorbidity (33.51%/47.69%), high blood pressure (19.74%/32.74%), diabetes mellitus (7.13%/13.75%), cancer (6.56%/10.6%), cardiovascular disease (4.52%/9.26%), asthma (7.98%/6.56%), chronic kidney disease (1.84%/4.41%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2%/4.03%), and chronic heart failure (1.14%/2.77%). High blood pressure and diabetes mellitus were seen to be the most frequent (6.56%/8.38%) association. Conclusions. Patients requiring PC attention during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the CoM presented with a very high rate of comorbidities, with marked differences among those with or without a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
SUPERVISION TOWARDS IMPROVING ONLINE LEARNING AS SOON AS POSSIBLE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Gunawan Dwiyono  , Djoko Kustono
Published: December 2021

The big role of school principals in supporting the improvement of the quality of education should be reviewed comprehensively and completely based on problems in the school. That since March 16, 2020 the government has called for learning to be carried out online. So, the change so quickly in the way of learning is surprising for both teachers and students, various problems arise. So that the school also began to anticipate participating in finding solutions to anticipate problems that occur in online learning. There are 3 direct policies simultaneously that we must implement in a situation of learning crisis at that time, namely social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic forcing online learning, independent learning without the UN so that students can assess student competencies in the form of written tests or other more comprehensive forms of assessment, such as portfolios and assignments (group assignments, written papers, etc.), curriculum in special conditions or emergency curriculum, schools can use a curriculum that suits the learning needs of students. This situation is discussed in this paper, the efforts of Public Vocational High School 11 Malang to supervise to improve online learning that was previously completely unprepared. Suddenly, all teachers should do online learning using IT media, repairs can be made quickly and effectively during the pandemic.
The Role of Soluble HLA-G Serum Level in Therapeutic Response of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Zainab Khalid Khaleel  , Hayfaa Salman Al-Hadithi  , Asaad AbdulAmeer Khalaf  , Omran Sukar Habib
Published: December 2021

Human leukocyte antigen-G molecules (HLA-G) have been suggested to play a role in immune evasion and progression of different malignancies by their tolerogenic activity, through interaction with inhibitory receptors on surface of immune cells.The aim is to evaluate the role of the s HLA-G serum level in the prognosis and therapeutic responses to TKIs in CML patients.Serum level of soluble HLA-G was measured for a total of 61 adult patients with CML, who were on regular TKI for at least 6 months whom attended the out-patient’s clinic of the Hematology Center in Basra, compared with 20 apparently healthy controls matched in ages and sexes to the patients using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.Serum levels of HLA-G in CML patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (p=0.006). Elevated serum level of s HLA-G was significantly correlated with sex, BMI, duration of disease, Sokal scoring system.On the other hand, low s HLA-G serum level was significantly correlated with event free status (EF) of CML patients.Lower level of serum soluble HLA-G in CML patients compared to healthy controls and it might be proved as a prognostic biomarker for CML patients.
Postoperative Incidence of Iatrogenic Gallbladder Perforation During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Sulaimaniyah Teaching Hospital
Authors: Sarkhel Hama Tofiq  , Seerwan Hama Shareef
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective: Iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder has been reported in 28% of those patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It has been pointed out that gallbladder perforation can result in formation of gallstones and spillage of bile. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the postoperative incidence of iatrogenic gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in SulaimaniTeaching Hospital.Patients and Methods: The present investigation was a single center, retrospective observational study that was carried out in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital in 2018-2019. The study sample included 99 patients who had undergone elective cholecystectomy. Required data on the possible risk factors and early outcomes and the patients’ demographics including age, BMI, and gender were collected. The collected data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0).Results: The results revealed that 80% of the patients were females. Also, 42.4% had no chronic diseases, while diabetes mellitus (DM), DM along with hypertension (HT), and HT were found to be the most prevalent chronic diseases among them with 18.2%, 16.2%, and 10.1% of prevalence, respectively. Only 17.2% of the patients had abdominal operation before, and acute cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis were seen respectivelyin 13% and 17% of them. The most common causes of gallbladder perforation (GP) were found to be electrocautery(16.2%) and grasper (7.1%). Moreover, 33.3% of the patients were overweight (BMI between 25 and 29.9), 45.5% were obese (BMI between 30 and 34.9), and 20.2% had BMI of over 35. Most of the patients aged 30 to 49 (62.6%). A majority of the patients (94.9%) were found to have gallstones.Conclusion: Iatrogenic gallbladder perforation is prevalent among patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still a better choice and associated with fewer complications compared to open cholecystectomy. Required measures need to be adopted for patients with perforated gallbladder in order to minimize spillage and remove as much spilled gallbladder content as possible.
Risk Factors of Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shukur Abdulkareem Mahmood  , Majid A. Maatook  , Dhaigham E. Aatwan
Published: December 2021

Background: In Iraqi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control levels and risk factors for uncontrolled hyperglycemia are unknown. The aim of the study to assess the factors that increase the risk of uncontrolled hyperglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and identify levels of glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 21 2020 until the end of May 2021 to identify levels of glycemic control and assess the risk factors of uncontrolled hyperglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, for the study sample which was 209 type 1 diabetics, selected randomly from the visitors of a Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center (FDEMC). The American Diabetes Association assigned target HbA1c levels to patients based on their age groups. Comparison has been made of well-controlled patients and uncontrolled hyperglycemia patients. To assess each risk factor’s role in uncontrolled type 1 diabetes hyperglycemia, the Odds Ratios were calculated.Results: Only 17.2% of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus were well-controlled diabetes. Better glycemic control was related to age < 6 years, BMI, and duration of type 1 diabetes <5 years. Glycemic control was not affected by gender, residence, socio-economic status. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes mellitus glycemic control among children and adolescents in Al-Basra/southern Iraq varies widely, risking microvascular complications. In well-control type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, females were higher than males and in the age group (1-6) years, higher than the other age groups. While in uncontrolled patients with type 1 diabetes, about (57.2%) had an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The major risk factors for uncontrolled hyperglycemia are excessive sweet intake, fast food, and irregular meals
An Unusual Case Report on Co-Morbidity with Sexual Assault in the Mthatha Hospital, South Africa
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Comorbidity or the co-occurrence of mental disorders and substance abuse disorders is common among victims of sexual assault. Occasionally life-threatening conditions have been observed in these patients which need immediate medical attention. Objective: To highlight the unusual case report of co-morbidity with sexual assault in a rural hospital in South Africa. Case History: A seven-year-old girl was referred from a health center to a rural hospital with a history of sexual assault over four days by an unknown man. She was threatened to be killed in the case of disclosure. Her aunt suspected that she had a problem as she was not walking normally. Then she opened and described the whole incident. She was having a history of vaginal discharge with vomiting and diarrhea along with mild fever. She was also depressed. On physical examination, genital injuries including a ruptured hymen were confirmed. She was having muscle guarding of abdominal muscles. The victim was refused admittance as she was labeled a case of rape, but after persistent persuasion of the staff, she was admitted and later operated on for acute appendicitis. This case history, her physical examination, and the difficulty in getting admission to a surgical ward are discussed in this report. Conclusion: Sexual assault may be associated with co-morbidity like acute appendicitis. Doctors must be vigilant in identifying such life-threatening co-morbidity to save the life of a patient.
A Study on the Characteristic Features of Covid-19 Deaths in a Regional Hospital in Mthatha in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Kaswa RP  , B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Covid-19 is an acute health emergency to human beings all over the world. This pandemic has destabilised the day-to-day life of almost everyone. It is a challenge to scientists and politicians to initiate a return to normal human life from the grip of Covid-19 so that the economies of countries do not stop growing.Objective: To study the characteristics of Covid-19 deaths in a regional hospital in Mthatha in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Method: It is a retrospective record review study of the cases of patients in Mthatha Regional Hospital (MRH) in South Africa who were not able to be saved.Results: There were 100 deaths in MRH. Of these 57 (57%) were females and 43 (43%) males. The average age was 63.3 years. Shortness of breath was the most common presenting symptom followed by weakness, a cough and fever. More than half of the Covid-19 cases had associated co-morbidity such as hypertension (50%), diabetes (37%) and HIV (15%). The mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) at the time of admission was 75.5±17 on pulse oximetry. Conclusion: The covid-19 mortality was 1.3 times higher among females in the regional hospital under study. The majority of the victims were suffering hypertension and diabetes.
A Comparative Evaluation of Dental Erosion Caused by Tetrapacked and Aerated Beverages: An In-Vitro study
Authors: Haritha R.K  , Sreeja.C  , Samyukta S  , Cyril Benedict.H  , Nagaland.T  , Sathish Muthukumar.R
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Dental erosion is an evolving concern with the food market globalization. In a rapidlydeveloping nation as India, beverage consuming behavior has significantly increased. There is freeaccess to new foods and beverages even in the neighborhood grocery stores and they are perceived asmodern and healthy. Extrinsic erosion appears to be a growing problem as a result of overconsumptionof soft drinks or fruit juices or both. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted premolars weretreated with H202 for 24 hours and weighed with ‘Essae FB-200’ with a readability of 0.001 gram. Thebeverages were grouped into 2 categories, 1- Natural or tetra-packed beverages, 2 - aerated beveragesand a control. 20ml of each beverage was taken and the pH was measured. The tooth was immersed ineach of the beverage and pH were noted 4th hourly for 48 hours accounting for sipping the beveragefor 5 minutes every day for 1.5 years. The weight of the tooth was rechecked after 48 hours. Results:The mean pre-treatment pH of category 1 was 5±1.33 and that of category 2 was 4.66±1.32. There isno significant difference in the mean loss of weight between the two groups (p-value 0.94) there is nosignificant difference in the mean change of pH between the two groups (p-value 0.26) Conclusion:The objective erosive liability of tetra-packed and aerated beverages on the dental enamel was foundto be similar. However, natural fruit juices showed nil to negligible objective signs of dental erosion.
A Study on Determinants of Irritant Contact Dermatitis in the Workers of a Slaughterhouse on Jalan Abu Bakar Lambogo, Makassar
Authors: Arni Juliani  , Muhammad Akbar Salcha  , Rizky Maharja  , Helmy Gani, M. Anas  , Andi Tenriola Fitri Kessi  , Sitti Fatimah Rahmansyah
Published: December 2021

Contact dermatitis, in general, is a non-infection inflammatory condition because the skin has contactwith both chemical and biological compounds. The aims of this study is to analyze determinants ofirritant contact dermatitis in the workers of a slaughterhouse. This study was analytical observationusing a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was 93 workers of a broiler chickenslaughterhouse located on Jalan Abu Bakar Lambogo, Makassar. Data collection was by performing adirect observation and interview to the skin condition of the workers’ hands who were suffering fromthe symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis, such as skin rash, dry skin, itchy and painful skin, swollenskin, and chapped, and observing the work process of chicken slaughtering. Data were analyzed usingmultiple logistic regression analysis. The result of this study shows that the use of PPE, personalhygiene, length of employment, personal history of diseases of the skin, and duration of contact aresignificantly correlated with (p < 0.05) the incidence of irritant contact dermatitis symptoms. Basedon the result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, personal hygiene (p = 0.003) and duration ofcontact (p = 0.004) are the main determinants of irritant contact dermatitis symptoms in the workersof the broiler chicken slaughterhouse. It can be concluded that the personal hygiene and duration ofcontact are the main determinants of irritant contact dermatitis symptoms in the workers of the broilerchicken slaughterhouse.
Naming of parts: the use of fossil-taxa in palaeobotany
Authors: Cleal Christopher J. , Thomas Barry A.
Published: December 2021

Fossil plants are extinct plants whose remains (referred to as plant fossils) are found preserved in sedimentary deposits. Plant fossils are classified using fossil-taxa as defined in the International Code of Nomenclature. Fossil-taxa differ conceptually from taxa of living plants in that they often do not refer to whole organisms, but to the remains of one or more parts of the parent organism, in one or more preservational states. There can be complications when two parts of a plant are shown to be connected, or when two preservational states are correlated, and to avoid disrupting the wider palaeobotanical taxonomy it is often best to keep the fossil-taxa separate. Extinct fossil plants reconstructed by piecing together the plant fossils are best not given formal
Linnean taxonomic names. There can also be problems using living plant taxa for fossils, even when there is a close morphological similarity of particular plant parts. Fossil-taxa for different plant parts can reflect different taxonomic ranks of the parent plants so care must be taken when using such taxa in floristic or phylogenetic studies. Because of taphonomic factors, a number of “artificial” fossil-taxa have proved useful, despite that they do not fully reflect the systematic positions of the parent plants.
Dykes and deformation in the Ikertoq zone of the Nagssugtoqidian at S0ndre Str0mfjord Airport, West Greenland
Authors: Molen I. van der
Published: December 2021

The geology of the southern part of the Nagssugtoqidian of W Greenland is examined in a traverse of the amphibolite facies Ikertoq zone at S0ndre Str0mfjord Airport. The continuous fanning of the foliation, shallow· dips near the Archaean - Nagssugtoqidian boundary and steeper dips further north, is not indicative of a two-stage history for the zone. The structures of the deformed Kangamiut dykes and the gneisses in which they occur have been studied in some detail. It is concluded that deformation synchronous with and postdating the intrusion of the dykes has been intense enough to rejuvenate the fabric of the gneisses to a post-intrusive age.
Methodical approaches for reducing the credit risk
Authors: HORODETSKA Tetiana , ZAICHENKO Kateryna , IVASHCHENKO Alla
Published: December 2021

Banking is inevitably associated with risks. No matter what efforts the bank makes to minimize risks, they will always exist – the only question is to what extent.
Lending operations are among the most profitable types of banking, but they are associated with a high level of risk. The instability of the economic situation in the country, the imperfection of the legal framework in this area necessitate a detailed study of the problems of minimizing credit risks. It should be noted that the choice of methods of credit risk management in the bank is quite relevant today.
Credit risk management is the most important task of any bank, and choosing the right method of credit risk management will increase the stability, reliability and competitiveness of the banking system, which will positively affect the overall economic condition of the country.
Credit risk is the oldest in the system of banking risks and occupies a prominent place.
It is necessary to work out an effective system of using the tools recognized by the world banking community to minimize risks, given the possibility of their transfer from the bank to investors. The starting point in the development of the latest risk management tools of the bank should be the creation of a regulatory framework that will regulate this process.
It is necessary to improve the existing methodological framework and develop a new methodological framework for credit risk management of the bank, concentrating the advantages of existing assessment methods, create a single method of assessing the borrower's creditworthiness, not to mention a certain algorithm for banks to form credit procedures.
It is necessary to adopt the experience of foreign banks in credit risk management. The experience of foreign banks in developed countries, based on a detailed study of all credit procedures, multifactor analysis of the creditworthiness of potential borrowers.