bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Signaling Regulates Macrophage Proliferation and Activation
Authors: Hartley Genevieve P. , Chow Lyndah , Ammons Dylan T. , Wheat William H. , Dow Steven W.
Published: July 2018

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Although the role of the PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction to regulate T-cell suppression is established, less is known about PD-L1 signaling in macrophages and how these signals may affect the function of TAMs. We used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate PD-L1 signaling in macrophages and the effects of PD-L1 antibody treatment on TAM responses. Treatment of mouse and human macrophages with PD-L1 antibodies increased spontaneous macrophage proliferation, survival, and activation (costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine production). Similar changes were observed in macrophages incubated with soluble CD80 and soluble PD-1, and in PD-L1−/− macrophages. Macrophage treatment with PD-L1 antibodies upregulated mTOR pathway activity, and RNAseq analysis revealed upregulation of multiple macrophage inflammatory pathways. In vivo, treatment with PD-L1 antibody resulted in increased tumor infiltration with activated macrophages. In tumor-bearing RAG−/− mice, upregulated costimulatory molecule expression by TAMs and reduced tumor growth were observed. Combined PD-1/ PD-L1 antibody treatment of animals with established B16 melanomas cured half of the treated mice, whereas treatment with single antibodies had little therapeutic effect. These findings indicate that PD-L1 delivers a constitutive negative signal to macrophages, resulting in an immune-suppressive cell phenotype. Treatment with PD-L1 antibodies reverses this phenotype and triggers macrophage-mediated antitumor activity, suggesting a distinct effect of PD-L1, but not PD-1, antibody treatment. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1260–73. ©2018 AACR.
A Terra Sonâmbula, de Mia Couto, e as metáforas no contexto da literatura pós-colonial
Authors: Costa Fabrício Lemos da , Godoy Maria Elizabeth Bueno de
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho pretende analisar as construções metafóricas no Romance Terra Sonâmbula, de Mia Couto, autor moçambicano, sobretudo na perspectiva da Literatura pós- colonial. Além disso, mostrar-se-ão as marcas da tradição moçambicana, principalmente em traços da oralidade no interior de códigos éticos do povo africano, assim como eventos históricos que se colocam como claves para o desenvolvimento estilístico de tropos ao desenrolar do Romance. As Metáforas encontrar-se-ão relacionadas à conjuntura da guerra de independência e civil, do éthos moçambicano e suas mudanças em clima de guerra, desenvolvendo-se por meio de imagens que privilegiam o medo, a fuga e as metáforas intersemióticas de uma natureza maculada no conflito.
O movimento Queer Rap no Brasil e a descentralidade da identidade em “Aceite-C”, de Rico Dalasam
Authors: Eddine Eder Ahmad Charaf
Published: July 2018

O Queer Rap (Rap Gay) é um movimento musical que chegou ao Brasil na metade da década de 2010 e tem como expoente o músico Rico Dalasam, com o lançamento da música “Aceite-C”, em 2015. A partir dessa letra e de matérias jornalísticas publicadas sobre o cantor, o presente artigo introduz e analisa o movimento à luz da concepção de descentralidade da identidade.  Para tanto, inicialmente, teoriza sobre o rap como manifestação cultural e artística e descreve o Queer Rap a partir de rappers assumidamente gays. Diante desse artista e de sua peça musical, conclui-se que há variados jogos de identidades no movimento rap e que o Queer Rap busca o enfrentamento do racismo e da homofobia por meio da música e da dança. Muitos desses artistas são gays, negros e pobres e, dentro da política da diferença, esses marcadores fundamentam suas diversas formas de identidade e produções artísticas.
Quarto de Despejo, de Carolina Maria de Jesus: alteridade, linguagem e insubmissão
Authors: Palhares Leonardo Tadeu Nogueira , Rebello Ivana Ferrante
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo propomos ler Quarto de Despejo, de Carolina Maria de Jesus, através da presença do “português” de duas maneiras: enquanto gentílico, em referência aos descendentes portugueses que vivem na pobreza da favela e subjulgam os moradores, e enquanto língua que, com seus erros crassos, também enunciam, em nível de linguagem, a mesma pobreza de vida em que vivem a personagem-narradora e como ela não se subordina às faltas de sua miserável vida.
O levante da voz feminina às margens do cânone: nacionalismo, identidade e resistência na poética guineense de Odete Semedo
Authors: Moraes Claudia Letícia , Costa Rayron Lennon
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo visa enfocar a análise da poética da autora guineense Odete Semedo, levando em consideração o engajamento da autora em dar visibilidade à literatura do seu país tendo como temas principais as questões linguísticas que permeiam a Guiné-Bissau, a afirmação da nacionalidade através do uso do crioulo como forma de resistência em sua poesia e a ênfase na constituição de uma identidade ancorada na ancestralidade e na complexa relação estabelecida com o colonizador.
Por uma Herstory de Cordel: Entrevista com Jarid Arraes
Authors: Gonçalves Bianca Mafra
Published: July 2018

Entrevista com Jarid Arraes, autora de As Lendas de Dandara e Heroínas Negras Brasileiras.
A imagem oficial do Estado Novo português e suas desconstruções
Authors: Recchia Márcio Aurélio
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo, pretendo apresentar algumas reflexões acerca da desconstrução da imagem oficial do Estado Novo português através de dois objetos de estudo: o romance O ano da morte de Ricardo Reis (1984), de José Saramago, e o filme Fantasia Lusitana (2010), de João Canijo. No romance, este expediente ocorre, sobretudo, através do narrador, ao passo que no documentário, o mesmo se dá pela presença de certos estrangeiros que utilizaram Lisboa como rota de fuga dos nazistas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Formas do real e representação da violência em Eu receberia as piores notícias dos seus lindos lábios, de Marçal Aquino
Authors: Nakamura Igor Iuri Dimitri
Published: July 2018

Este artigo propõe uma leitura sobre as facetas do realismo imbuídas no discurso para a construção da temática da violência no romance Eu receberia as piores notícias dos seus lindos lábios, de Marçal Aquino (2005). Pretende-se também traçar os matizes da violência na textura do discurso narrativo. Com base em Schollhammer (2009), Candido (1989) e Pellegrini (2008), evidencia-se um realismo brutal que denuncia o abandono do Brasil interiorano e a corrupção da iniciativa privada.
Literatura afro-brasileira e relações étnico-raciais na sala de aula: O papel da literatura para superar o preconceito na escola
Authors: Oliveira Cleide Silva de , Carvalho Jéssica Catharine Barbosa de , Alves Alcione Correa
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho analisa o papel do ensino de literatura afro-brasileira na escola evidenciando as discussões atuais acerca das concepções de relações étnico-raciais no Brasil. Discute-se este tema a partir dos contos “Alice está morta”, de Miriam Alves e “Ana Davenga”, de Conceição Evaristo. Argumenta-se que o estudo da literatura produzida por escritores(as) negros(as) pode ser auxiliar nas discussões sobre a temática das relações étnico-raciais no país, além de ser uma das formas de aplicação da lei 11.645/2008.
Discursos marginais em obras de Sacolinha e João Melo: a contemporaneidade do passado colonial nas literaturas brasileira e angolana
Authors: Almeida Bruna Borges de , Tettamanzy Ana Lucia Liberato
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho pretende analisar dois livros: Os marginais e outros contos (2013), de autoria do angolano João Melo; e Estação Terminal (2010), de autoria do brasileiro Sacolinha. Tais livros apresentam contos que engendram narrativas a respeito do presente problemático que rememora e revive o passado colonial sem gerar esperanças positivas para o futuro. Tal análise busca, através do estudo do espaço literário (BRANDÃO, 2013) e da verificação do tom ideológico do discurso (FOUCAULT, 2013) que esboça a construção de identidade (HALL, 2004) do sujeito do discurso, a reflexão acerca do colonialismo e suas facetas – colonialidade do poder, do saber e do ser (QUIJANO, 2000) – manifestadas na experiência literária e na epistemologia (MIGNOLO, 2013) que advém dela.
Power and poetry: Augustus’s image in early Principate literature
Authors: Coelho Ana Lucia Santos
Published: July 2018

Ao longo de seu governo, o imperador Augusto concentrou títulos e poderes que lhe permitiram controlar a vida pública romana. O consulado, a aura religiosa advinda do título de Augustus, o comando supremo dos exércitos, entre outros, contribuíram para elevar sua autoridade acima das instituições republicanas. Porém, a legitimação do poder do princeps não pautou-se somente na concentração de poderes e títulos republicanos. De fato, o soberano também utilizou um sistema cultural capaz de auxiliar na consolidação de seu poder e na edificação de um consenso positivo acerca do seu governo. Nesse sentido, estimulou a produção literária de sua época, entendendo que as obras de determinados poetas latinos seriam de grande valia na obtenção de tal consenso. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo é analisar de que modo Vírgilio, Horácio, Propércio, Tibulo e Ovídio representaram o poder imperial em seus versos.
Vir’s Impenetrability: an analysis of Petr. Sat. 9
Authors: Godoy Fabrício Sparvoli
Published: July 2018

o presente texto enseja criticar a ideia da impenetrabilidade do corpo do uir romano, defendida sobretudo pela História da Sexualidade foucaultiana. Dessa maneira, comentarei, em primeiro lugar, acerca do surgimento da História da Sexualidade e sobre sua vertente historiográfica foucaultiana. Em seguida, sugerirei uma possível análise da nona seção do Satyricon, de Petrônio, contrapondo-a à vertente foucaultiana. Desta maneira, almejo sugerir outro viés de análise, mais complexo, menos centrado nas normatizações do uir, sobre a homossexualidade masculina em Roma
Spatial and Character Representation in Ammianus Marcelinus’s Res Gestae
Authors: Oliveira Cynthia Alves de
Published: July 2018

Os aspectos geográficos do Mundo Antigo têm despertado o interesse de um número cada vez maior de pesquisadores ao redor do mundo, tendo em vista que entender como os antigos percebiam e se apropriavam do espaço circundante significa desnaturalizar certezas há muito enraizadas no senso comum – e que muitas vezes estão pautadas em interpretações anacrônicas. A produção e uso de mapas pictóricos pelas sociedades antigas foi um dos pressupostos que teve sua autoridade fortemente questionada neste início de século, quando uma corrente de pesquisadores que defende que os antigos representavam o espaço por meio de descrições verbais pautadas em listas de itinerários começou a ganhar cada vez mais adeptos. O grande mérito destes pesquisadores esteve em ampliar as possibilidades de estudo da geografia do Mundo Antigo, que já não mais depende apenas dos tratados geográficos e das fontes epigráficas sobreviventes: ao dizer que os antigos se apropriavam do espaço por meio de descrições esses pesquisadores tornaram possível o estudo dos aspectos geográficos da Antiguidade através de qualquer narrativa escrita. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a construção do espaço nas Res Gestae de Amiano Marcelino tendo como base os estudos produzidos por este grupo de pesquisadores e lançando mão do referencial teórico desenvolvido pela Geografia Cognitiva
Is it possible to speak of social revolutions in Late Antiquity?
Authors: Silva Uiran Gebara da
Published: July 2018

Este artigo busca ser uma apresentação de síntese dos resultados finais de minha pesquisa de doutorado. Tal pesquisa se constituiu em um estudo comparativo de duas revoltas rurais do Império Romano tardio: os bagaudas na Gália e os circunceliões na África. O eixo de construção dessa síntese é a busca dos horizontes políticos dessas revoltas, levando em consideração as diferenças de motivação e de atuação das revoltas nas duas regiões. Além disso, considera-se também a transformação na historiografia social das regiões rurais do Império Romano nos séculos III, IV e V d.C. que permite explicitar os limites e potenciais políticos dessas revoltas de acordo com a experiência vivida dos rebelados e também que se qualifique bem mais precisamente o lugar dessas revoltas em uma história das classes subalternas.
Bioética e cultivares - estudo comparativo entre o projeto de Lei n. 827/2015 e a Lei de Proteção de Cultivares
Authors: BONFIM Isabela , GOMES Pedro , HAIDAR Christiane , GARRAFA Volnei
Published: July 2018

Sob o enfoque da bioética de intervenção, norteada pela Declaracao Universal sobre Bioetica e Direitos Humanos da Unesco, o presente artigo busca verificar se as alterações propostas à Lei de Proteção de Cultivares (Lei n. 9456/1997) e o conteúdo do Projeto de Lei n. 827/2015, em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados, garantem a segurança alimentar da população brasileira, incluindo a proteção às formas tradicionais de plantio desenvolvidas pelos pequenos agricultores e pelas comunidades tradicionais. O texto desenvolve uma análise comparativa entre o projeto de lei ora em tramitação e a própria Lei. Com base na fundamentação teórica da bioética da intervenção, o estudo procura demonstrar que, caso aprovado, o PL n. 827/2015 poderá restringir as práticas tradicionais desenvolvidas pelos pequenos produtores e pelas comunidades tradicionais, que são a base da manutenção da diversidade agrícola e da própria proteção ambiental. Por meio de redefinições na legislação de cultivares, as mudanças propostas aumentam a restrição ao acesso à variabilidade de cultivares, podendo incidir negativamente na segurança alimentar da população, especialmente das comunidades tradicionais e de pequenos grupos populacionais, que constituem a camada mais vulnerável da sociedade brasileira.
O descarte de medicamentos e a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos: uma motivação para a revisão das normas sanitárias
Authors: BLANKENSTEIN Giselle Margareth Pilla , PHILLIP JUNIOR Arlindo
Published: July 2018

Medicamentos e poluentes orgânicos emergentes são contaminantes de potencial risco à saude e ao meio ambiente, porém impedir que entrem em contato direto com a natureza é um grande desafio. A legislação pode ser compreendida como a principal ferramenta existente para mitigar o problema e, no Brasil, encontra-se em diferentes diplom as legais. O levantamento da legislação de abrangência nacional e de artigos científicos que versem sobre descarte de medicamentos foi realizado na internet. As resoluções da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente foram as normas mais citadas nas pesquisas e apresentaram dispositivos sobre descarte nos estabelecimentos de saúde contrários à legislação federal e às pesquisas referentes a tecnologias de tratamento da agua e do solo. No contexto do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a Politica Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei n. 12.305/2010) e a Convenção de Basileia sobre o Controle dos Movimentos Transfronteiriços de Resíduos Perigosos e seu Depósito (Decreto n. 875/1993) sao limitadoras do poder regulamentador da Agência e do Conselho. Dessa forma, as resoluções que atualmente regulam o descarte de medicamentos precisam ter seu texto alterado para que fiquem em conformidade com as tecnologias existentes e a legislacao federal.
Import Competition and Internal Migration
Authors: Greenland Andrew , Lopresti John , McHenry Peter
Published: July 2018

We examine the U.S. internal migration response to increased import competition following the granting of Permanent Normal Trade Relations to China in 2001. Using a variety of data sets and empirical approaches, we find that local labor markets most exposed to the policy change experienced a relative reduction in population growth over the following decade. The majority of the effect occurs at a lag of seven to ten years and is most pronounced among young individuals and low-education groups. Such population adjustments should influence the interpretation of evidence in the growing literature on import competition and local labor markets.
How the Reformulation of OxyContin Ignited the Heroin Epidemic
Authors: Evans William N. , Lieber Ethan M. J. , Power Patrick
Published: July 2018

We attribute the recent quadrupling of heroin death rates to the August 2010 reformulation of an oft-abused prescription opioid, OxyContin. The new abuse-deterrent formulation led many consumers to substitute an inexpensive alternative, heroin. Using structural break techniques and variation in substitution risk, we find that opioid consumption stops rising in August 2010, heroin deaths begin climbing the following month, and growth in heroin deaths was greater in areas with greater prereformulation access to heroin and opioids. The reformulation did not generate a reduction in combined heroin and opioid mortality: each prevented opioid death was replaced with a heroin death.
The genus Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Tarsonemidae) in East Azerbaijan, Iran, with a description of T. lenticulatus sp. nov. and re-description of T. annotatus Livshits, Mitrofanov and Sharonov, 1979
Authors: GHEBLEALIVAND SAEIDE S. , IRANI-NEJAD KARIM HADDAD , MAGOWSKI WOJCIECH Ł. , MANZARI SHAHAB
Published: July 2018

The tarsonemid mites from soil and plants were explored in a faunistic study of East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran. Our investigation revealed 22 species of the genus Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876, and its nominative subgenus, including Tarsonemus lenticulatus sp. nov., which is described and illustrated herewith. New records for the fauna of Asia are: Tarsonemus bognari Nemestothy and Mahunka, 1981, T. oncodes Kaliszewski, 1993, T. ravus Kaliszewski, 1993, T. saccatus Livshitz, Mitrofanov and Sharonov, 1979, T. scharschmidti Mahunka, 1970, T. varsoviensis Kaliszewski, 1993 and T. violae Schaarschmidt, 1960. New records for the mite fauna of Western Asia are: Tarsonemus bifurcatus Schaarschmidt, 1959, T. floricolus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876, T. lacustris Schaarschmidt, 1959, and T. virgineus Suski, 1969; and T. stammeri Schaarschmidt, 1959 is newly recorded from Iran. Re-description and illustrations of Tarsonemus annotatus Livshits, Mitrofanov and Sharonov, 1979 are provided. The incidence of all species found across the examined area and substrates is briefly discussed. A key to females of the genus Tarsonemus in East Azerbaijan is provided.
The Impact of Sensor Response and Airspeed on the Representation of the Convective Boundary Layer and Airmass Boundaries by Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Authors: Houston Adam L. , Keeler Jason M.
Published: July 2018

The objective of the research presented is to assess the impact of sensor response and aircraft airspeed on the accuracy of in situ observations collected by small unmanned aircraft systems profiling the convective boundary layer or transecting airmass boundaries. Estimates are made using simulated aircraft flown within large-eddy simulations. Both instantaneous errors (differences between observed temperature, which include the effects of sensor response and airspeed, and actual temperature) and errors in representation (differences between serial observations and representative snapshots of the atmospheric state) are considered. Synthetic data are retrieved assuming a well-aspirated first-order sensor mounted on rotary-wing aircraft operated as profilers in a simulated CBL and fixed-wing aircraft operated through transects across a simulated airmass boundary. Instantaneous errors are found to scale directly with sensor response time and airspeed for both CBL and airmass boundary experiments. Maximum errors tend to be larger for airmass boundary transects compared to the CBL profiles. Instantaneous errors for rotary-wing aircraft profiles in the CBL simulated for this work are attributable to the background lapse rate and not to turbulent temperature perturbations. For airmass boundary flights, representation accuracy is found to degrade with decreasing airspeed. This signal is most pronounced for flights that encounter the density current wake. When representation errors also include instantaneous errors resulting from sensor response, instantaneous errors are found to be dominant for flights that remain below the turbulent wake. However, for flights that encounter the wake, sensor response times generally need to exceed ~5 s before instantaneous errors become larger than errors in representation.
A Generalized Navigation Correction Method for Airborne Doppler Radar Data
Authors: Cai Huaqing , Lee Wen-Chau , Bell Michael M. , Wolff Cory A. , Tang Xiaowen , Roux Frank
Published: July 2018

Uncertainties in aircraft inertial navigation system and radar-pointing angles can have a large impact on the accuracy of airborne dual-Doppler analyses. The Testud et al. (THL) method has been routinely applied to data collected by airborne tail Doppler radars over flat and nonmoving terrain. The navigation correction method proposed in Georgis et al. (GRH) extended the THL method over complex terrain and moving ocean surfaces by using a variational formulation but its capability over ocean has yet to be tested. Recognizing the limitations of the THL method, Bosart et al. (BLW) proposed to derive ground speed, tilt, and drift errors by statistically comparing aircraft in situ wind with dual-Doppler wind at the flight level. When combined with the THL method, the BLW method can retrieve all navigation errors accurately; however, it can be applied only to flat surfaces, and it is rather difficult to automate. This paper presents a generalized navigation correction method (GNCM) based on the GRH method that will serve as a single algorithm for airborne tail Doppler radar navigation correction for all possible surface conditions. The GNCM includes all possible corrections in the cost function and implements a new closure assumption by taking advantage of an accurate aircraft ground speed derived from GPS technology. The GNCM is tested extensively using synthetic airborne Doppler radar data with known navigation errors and published datasets from previous field campaigns. Both tests show the GNCM is able to correct the navigation errors associated with airborne tail Doppler radar data with adequate accuracy.
Music and refugees’ wellbeing in contexts of protracted displacement
Authors: Millar Oscar , Warwick Ian
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the relationship between music practice and the wellbeing of young refugees, by examining the perspectives of Yazidi music participants aged 11–18.

Design:

Focused exploratory case study design, informed by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which provided the conceptual framework for the research.

Setting:

A camp in northern Greece, where people from Iraq and Syria had been living for up to a year.

Method:

Data were collected over a 5-week period through participant observation of individual music lessons and group music workshops involving between 3–12 participants. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of six participants (three boys and three girls) aged 11–18.

Results:

Findings indicate that activities involving music practice can impact positively on young people’s wellbeing, enabling the development of emotional expression, improved social relations, self-knowledge and positive self-identification, and a sense of agency.

Conclusion:

The positive impacts of music practice noted here suggest it has the potential to be a promising health promotion approach for young refugees, by helping to develop supportive environments, through which community action can be strengthened and personal skills developed.
Time-Interval Emphasis in an Aeronautical Dual-Task Context: A Countermeasure to Task Absorption
Authors: Froger Grégory , Blättler Colin , Dubois Emilien , Camachon Cyril , Bonnardel Nathalie
Published: July 2018

Objective:

We tested a training method intended to prevent unsafe aeronautical behavior (i.e., too much time spent gazing inside the cockpit) induced by the modern cockpit, by teaching individuals to perform a task complementing the see-and-avoid mandatory safety task within a limited time interval.

Background:

Aeronautical activities led crews to perform several tasks simultaneously in an ergonomic environment under constant change. See and avoid remains one of the main safety tasks during visual flight. However, modern cockpits induce absorption and impair performance of this safety task. Many laboratory studies showed the relevance of training methods for managing dual-task situations and estimating time intervals.

Method:

A specific virtual environment was developed to expose participants to a dual-task situation in which time-interval emphasis was provided in real time. Two types of emphasis training were tested: a permissive one that allowed participants to pursue the inside-cockpit task beyond the time limit and a nonpermissive one that did not.

Results:

The best time-interval acquisition, with retention up to 24 hr later, was observed in the nonpermissive condition, but task performances immediately after the training sessions were equivalent across conditions.

Conclusion:

Time-emphasis training appears to be an efficient means of promoting absorption resistance while preserving task performance. Transferability of time-interval estimation skills has yet to be tested.

Application:

Most areas of application for absorption resistance (aviation, shipping, rail, road, etc.) could benefit from this type of training to manage multitask situations.
Migrant Capitals: Proposing a Multi-Level Spatio-Temporal Analytical Framework
Authors: Erel Umut , Ryan Louise
Published: July 2018

This article explores how migrants utilize and access different forms of capital. Using a Bourdieusian approach to capital, we focus on how migrants’ temporal and spatial journeys are shaped by and in turn shape their opportunities to mobilize resources and convert them into capitals. These processes depend on migrants’ social positioning, including their gender, class, ethnic and national positioning, as well as citizenship status, and how this is articulated in relation to different fields in different spatial and temporal contexts. Drawing upon our combined corpus of data on migration to the UK, and a lesser extent Germany, with third country nationals and EU citizens and new data collected since the Brexit referendum, we examine these issues through biographical approaches to migrant women’s life stories. In so doing, we build theory on capital accumulation as dynamic, multi-level and spatio-temporally contingent.
Decolonising Psychology in residential and open distance e-learning institutions: critical reflections
Authors: Kiguwa Peace , Segalo Puleng
Published: July 2018

In this article, we contribute to the current discussions and debates on decolonising Psychology by discussing some critical dimensions of decolonisation as it pertains to the explicit, hidden, and null curriculum. We also discuss the nuances of engaging a decolonised Psychology curriculum as members of staff in residential and open distance e-learning institutions. This includes issues of contact within and outside the classroom, language, and intersections of gender, race, and class. The multi-layered nature of the curriculum demands that we interrogate and tackle the idea of the curriculum as more than written text but must include the psycho-social biographies of both students and staff. Finally, we discuss some of the ways in which a decolonised Psychology curriculum may be envisioned as part of re-imagining the curriculum.
Hero, Charity Case, and Victim: How U.S. News Media Frame Military Veterans on Twitter
Authors: Parrott Scott , Albright David L. , Dyche Caitlin , Steele Hailey Grace
Published: July 2018

Commenters often criticize the mass media for providing audiences a narrow and inaccurate representation of U.S. military veterans. This study examined the claim by researching how regional news publications in the 50 states represented veterans on Twitter. A quantitative content analysis documented the presence or absence of characteristics in 1,460 tweets that employed the terms veteran or veterans. Data were examined using cluster analysis. Three frames emerged. The most prevalent frame, labeled charity, highlighted instances in which veterans received assistance from charitable organizations and others. The second frame, hero, contained references to honor, World War II, and content that would elicit pride from audience members. The third frame, victim, highlighted the mistreatment of veterans by the military and/or society, mental health issues, politics, and the Gulf War. Results suggest U.S. news consumers are provided a narrow representation of what it means to be a veteran.
Acquirers’ Cultural Background and the Use of Earnouts
Authors: Ewelt-Knauer Corinna , Gefken Johannes , Knauer Thorsten , Wiedemann David
Published: July 2018

This study investigates the effects of culture on the design of merger and acquisition (M&A) contracts. Specifically, we empirically analyze how the acquirer’s cultural background influences the contractual choice to implement an earnout. We operationalize the acquirer’s cultural background by using Hofstede’s country-level indices for individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation. Using a comprehensive sample of 9,669 M&As, we find that earnout use is significantly positively associated with the acquirer’s masculinity level. Furthermore, we provide evidence that earnout use is significantly negatively associated with the acquirer’s power distance and uncertainty avoidance scores. Our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that, in addition to economic theories, cultural differences are important in understanding the heterogeneity of earnout use.
Visualising and mapping the intellectual structure of medical big data
Authors: Hsu Wen-Chin , Li Jia-Huan
Published: July 2018

In this study, we sought to apply recent advances in informetrics to the analysis of literature related to big data in the field of medicine. Our aim was to elucidate research trends, identify knowledge clusters and decipher the links between them. We also sought to ascertain the theories most commonly applied in the processing of medical data and identify potential research gaps. The most important keywords over the last 10 years have been ‘big data’, ‘data mining’, ‘healthcare’, ‘cloud computing’, ‘machine learning’ and ‘electronic health record system’. These could be viewed as the core issues of research associated with big data in the field of medicine. We also identified a number of keywords that are expected to play a pivotal role in this field in the near future. These terms include the ‘internet of things’, ‘e-health’, ‘sensors’, ‘predictive modeling’, ‘quantified self’, ‘smart city’, ‘wearable device’ and ‘m-health’. Finally, we compiled co-word networks indicating the degree of connectivity between keywords, for use in locating knowledge gaps by revealing the overall context of issues commonly encountered when investigating big data. Our findings form a solid academic foundation on which to develop medical technologies, managerial strategies and theory related to big data.
Toxicity and Toxicokinetic Study of Subcutaneously Administered RPh201 in Minipigs
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Hazan Zadik , Lucassen Andre , Adamsky Konstantin , Ross Vanessa , Young Nigel , Saunders Matt , Ehall Helmut , Nyska Abraham
Published: July 2018

Mastic gum extracts are widely used as herbal remedies and are being tested for several clinical indications. Nevertheless, information on their safety is limited. RPh201 is an extract of the mastic gum, formulated and stabilized in a proprietary method, which is being developed as a novel drug candidate for neurological indications. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic toxic potential of RPh201, administered twice weekly by subcutaneous injections to minipigs, after 39 weeks of administration followed by a recovery period of 6 weeks. No clinical or dose-related signs were observed, but treatment-related findings were seen at the injection sites of the high-dose animals, composed of abscesses, chronic inflammation, and subcutaneous fibrosis. Abscesses >30 mm in size, graded as marked severity, were confined to the high-dose group and were considered as adverse. Minimal-slight subcutaneous and lymph nodes abscesses seen in control, low, and intermediate doses, related to the vehicle (cottonseed oil), were not considered as adverse. Additionally, minimal-to-slight cystic spaces or vacuolation related to the vehicle were observed in the skin, lymph nodes, kidney, and lungs. These findings were considered not to be adverse. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 12.5 mg/kg/occasion.
Who Are Public Bicycle Share Programs Serving? An Evaluation of the Equity of Spatial Access to Bicycle Share Service Areas in Canadian Cities
Authors: Hosford Kate , Winters Meghan
Published: July 2018

Public bicycle share users are predominantly Caucasian, employed, and have higher incomes and education levels, as compared to the general population. This has prompted bicycle share operators and researchers to increasingly consider equity in bicycle share program access and uptake. The location of bicycle share docking stations has been cited as a major barrier to uptake among lower socioeconomic groups. This study aimed to assess spatial access to bicycle share programs in Canadian cities by comparing the socioeconomic characteristics of dissemination areas inside and outside the bicycle share service areas. We obtained locations of bicycle share stations for the five existing programs in Canada: Vancouver, Hamilton, Toronto, Ottawa-Gatineau, and Montréal. We used the material component of the Pampalon Deprivation Index (2011) as a measure of socioeconomic status for each dissemination area, calculating city-specific quintiles. We compared the distribution of deprivation for dissemination areas inside the bicycle share service area, compared with outside the service area. We found that advantaged areas have better access to bicycle share infrastructure in Vancouver, Toronto, Ottawa-Gatineau, and Montréal, and conversely, that disadvantaged areas have better access in Hamilton. This analysis indicates that in most cities, substantial effort is needed to expand service areas to disadvantaged areas in order to increase spatial access for lower socioeconomic populations.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Spherical Aggregated Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured for Osteochondral Defects of Rabbit Knee Joints
Authors: Lee Byung Hoon , Park Jong Nam , Lee Eun Ju , Moon Young Wan , Wang Joon Ho
Published: July 2018

Background:

Engraftment and longevity of transplanted cells are crucial for stem cell–based cartilage treatment.

Purpose:

To determine whether cultured spherical cell masses of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) could improve engraftment at defect sites and to examine their corresponding effects on osteochondral regeneration.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A cylindrical osteochondral defect (5 mm wide × 5 mm deep) was created in trochlear grooves of rabbit knees. The single-cell type of hBM-MSCs with fibrin glue, the spherical type of hBM-MSCs with fibrin glue, and cell-free fibrin glue (control) were each implanted into osteochondral defect sites. A total of 18 rabbit knees were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups (3 rabbits per group). Animals were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Repaired tissues were evaluated via gross examination, histologic examination, and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results:

Transplantation with spherical hBM-MSCs exhibited superior overall osteochondral restoration when compared with the single-type group, as evidenced by well-ordered mature collagen fibrils produced during subchondral bone formation in the zonation phenomenon. Immunofluorescence analysis of osteochondral defect areas with human-specific antigen revealed a larger number of mesenchymal stem cells in the spherical-type group than the single cell–type group.

Conclusion:

Transplantation of spherical hBM-MSCs was better than single cells from monolayer culture in improving osteochondral regeneration.

Clinical Relevance:

The findings demonstrate a simple strategy for enhancing the potency of stem cells required for restoration of osteochondral defects. Furthermore, this strategy may be implemented with other types of stem/progenitor cell–based therapies.
“I Can’t Crack the Code”: What Suicide Notes Teach Us about Experiences with Mental Illness and Mental Health Care
Authors: Furqan Zainab , Sinyor Mark , Schaffer Ayal , Kurdyak Paul , Zaheer Juveria
Published: July 2018

Objective:

While mental illness is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour and many suicide decedents receive mental health care prior to death, there is a comparative lack of research that explores their experiences of mental illness and care. Suicide notes offer unique insight into these subjective experiences. Our study explores the following questions: “How are mental illness and mental health care experienced by suicide decedents who leave suicide notes?” and “What role do these experiences play in their paths to suicide?”

Method:

We used a constructivist grounded theory framework to select a focus of qualitative analysis and engage in line-by-line open coding, axial coding, and theorizing of the data. Our sample is a set of 36 suicide notes that explicitly make mention of mental illness and/or mental health care, purposefully selected from a larger sample of 252 notes.

Results:

The primary themes from our sample were 1) negotiating personal agency in the context of mental illness, 2) conflict between self and illness, and 3) experiences of mental health treatment leading to hopelessness and self-blame. These experiences with mental illness and mental health care can give rise to exhaustion and a desire to exercise personal agency, contributing to suicidal behaviour.

Conclusions and Relevance:

This study highlights unique perspectives by suicide decedents, whose voices and experiences may not have been heard otherwise, addressing a critical deficit in existing literature. These insights can potentially enrich clinical care or strengthen existing suicide prevention programs.
Impact of Workplace Factors on Role-Related Stressors and Job Stress Among Community Corrections Staff
Authors: Rhineberger-Dunn Gayle , Mack Kristin Yagla
Published: July 2018

Community corrections staff are responsible for supervising more than 4 million offenders nationwide; yet, little research exists on understanding their experiences with role-related stressors and job stress. The purpose of this study was to extend the existing community corrections literature by examining the impact of job characteristics, danger-related factors, and role preference on role-related stressors (i.e., role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload) and job stress, with a focus on determining whether the relationships varied across specific job positions (i.e., probation/parole vs. residential). Results indicated that each type of role-related stressor was differentially affected by job characteristics, danger-related factors, and role preference, and that these relationships also differed by position. Threat of harm was a significant predictor of each type of role-related stressor for probation/parole officers, but only had a significant effect on role overload for residential officers. Furthermore, safety training had significant effects on role ambiguity and role overload for residential officers, but was not a significant predictor of any role stressor for probation/parole officers. Role preference was significant for both positions, but only for the role overload variable. Most surprisingly, the only variable to predict job stress was role overload.
Health-promoting Lifestyle, Illness Control Beliefs and Well-being of the Obese Diabetic Women
Authors: Awasthi Purnima , Mishra Ramesh C. , Singh S. K.
Published: July 2018

The study examines the role of health-promoting lifestyle and illness control beliefs in well-being of obese diabetic women. Measures of illness control belief, health-promoting lifestyle and obesity-related well-being were given to 100 obese diabetic women selected from outdoors of hospitals in Varanasi. Analysis revealed patients’ stronger belief in ‘doctor-control’ and ‘supernatural-control’ than ‘self-control’ of the disease. Nutrition, interpersonal relations, physical activity and stress management were given more importance in health promotion than spiritual growth-related practices. Belief in ‘self-control’ and ‘doctor-control’ of disease was negatively correlated with ‘psychosocial discomfort’, ‘physical discomfort’ and ‘psychosocial impact’ aspects of obesity, whereas ‘supernatural-control’ showed positive relationship with all aspects. All components of ‘health-promoting lifestyle’ were negatively correlated with ‘physical discomfort’, ‘psychosocial discomfort’ and ‘psychosocial impact’ aspects of obesity. Multiple regression analysis brought out ‘self-control’, ‘supernatural-control’, ‘health responsibility’, ‘physical activity’ and ‘stress management’ as significant predictors of ‘well-being’ of the obese diabetic women.
The Relationship Between Reported Pain and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents
Authors: Borgman Sofie , Ericsson Ida , Clausson Eva K. , Garmy Pernilla
Published: July 2018

Pain and depressive symptoms are common reasons for adolescents to contact the school nurse. The aim was to describe the prevalence of pain (headache, abdominal pain, and back pain) and depressive symptoms among adolescents and to examine whether there is an association between pain and depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional survey included students ( N = 639) in Sweden (median age: 16 years). Over half of the female participants (56%) and one third of male participants (33%) had weekly headaches, abdominal pain, or back pain. Almost every second girl (48%) and one in four boys (25%) had depressive symptoms (as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, scores ≥ 16). There was a significant association between having pain (headache, abdominal pain, or back pain) and having depressive symptoms. It is of great importance for school nurses to adequately identify and treat the cause of pain and other factors contributing to depression.
Development of a Structured Outcomes Assessment and Implementation Program in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Steffen Katherine M. , Lin John C. , Malone Sara , Doctor Allan , Hartman Mary E.
Published: July 2018

This article reports on the Outcomes Program (OP) that the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) developed to (1) monitor unit-based outcomes trends and safety data, (2) systematically identify targets for process improvement, and (3) implement new projects and care protocols with the aim of improving patient care. Following development of the OP structure in 2013, the authors have coordinated the components of outcomes data and reporting, clinical performance review, outcomes committee, knowledge translation, and implementation science programs to impact practice. Through routine provider updates, educational strategies, and prioritization of focused projects that include structured implementation plans, the model of PICU care has been improved. Described herein is the development of the process to evaluate intensive care unit outcomes and address the need for programmatic change through implementation science principles. Such a process may be of use in other PICUs.
Understanding the Organization of Green Activism: Sociological and Economic Perspectives
Authors: Heyes Anthony , King Brayden
Published: July 2018

Environmental activists are an important voice in public and private politics, urging governmental and corporate responses and solutions to ongoing environmental damage. Scholars have become increasingly interested in understanding environmental movements and the influence of environmental activist organizations. This article describes two literatures that have analyzed the dynamics and outcomes of activism, one based in a sociological examination of social movements and the other in economic analysis of activist nongovernmental organizations. Although the literatures sometimes use different language and methods, they have much in common. We highlight the consistent themes—in particular the shared respect for the rational actor model—the particular strengths of each tradition, and directions for future research where synergies between the disciplines could be more fully exploited.
Getting On With Field Research Using Participant Deconstruction
Authors: Wright April L. , Middleton Stuart , Hibbert Paul , Brazil Victoria
Published: July 2018

This article adds to the repertoire of field research methods through developing the technique of “participant deconstruction.” This technique involves research participants challenging and reinterpreting organizational texts through the application of orienting, disorienting, and reorienting deconstructive questions. We show how participant deconstruction complements existing strategies for “getting on” with field research—cultivating relationships, developing outsider knowledge, and mobilizing insider knowledge—by facilitating research participants’ questioning and challenging of organizational texts and thus opening up alternative latent understandings, illuminating concealed meanings, supporting reflexivity for participants and researchers, and suggesting fruitful lines of inquiry. We illustrate the application of the technique with examples drawn from health care research projects. Through gathering further practitioner feedback from a variety of alternative contexts, we go on to demonstrate the potential application of participant deconstruction in a range of field contexts, by different types of practitioners undertaking deconstructive readings of a wide variety of organizational texts. We also offer suggestions for further research to extend the technique.
An Exploration of Two Novice Evaluation Educators’ Experiences Developing and Implementing Introduction to Evaluation Courses
Authors: Boyce Ayesha S. , McGowan Brian L.
Published: July 2018

As the field of evaluation continues to expand, so do evaluation course offerings. However, little is known about the backgrounds of evaluation educators, how they go about planning their courses, challenges experienced, or how they attain competency as teachers. This study offers an initial understanding of novice evaluation educators’ experience in developing and teaching introduction to evaluation courses within a university setting. Factors that influence decisions around course content and pedagogical approaches are also examined. Data collection methods include dialogic conversation notes, reflective journals, course syllabi, and student evaluative feedback. Results indicate that perspectives on the purpose of evaluation and how evaluation should be taught are influenced by evaluation educator professional affiliation, experience with evaluation, and student audience. Implications for teaching and training in evaluation are discussed.