bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond virtue signaling: Perceived motivations for pronoun sharing
Authors: Kodipady Aditi , Kraft‐Todd Gordon , Sparkman Gregg , Hu Blair , Young Liane
Published: October 2022

Sharing one's pronouns when introducing oneself is an emerging practice intended to prevent assumptions of what pronouns to use when referring to others. This practice may make people comfortable sharing their pronouns so that they are not misgendered and may signal inclusiveness to transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people. How do people in the United States perceive the motivations behind pronoun sharing? Three preregistered experiments (N = 2641), in addition to three pilot studies (N = 8219; results presented in Supporting Information), conducted in the United States reveal that people perceive at least three underlying motivations for pronoun sharing when they learn that someone shared their pronouns in a workplace introduction: reputation signaling (trying to enhance one's own reputation), identity signaling (straightforwardly indicating one's identity and how one would like to be addressed), and norm support (sincerely endorsing pronoun sharing as a norm). We also show that the sharer's TGNB identity influences the motivations that observers infer. In general, we find that perceptions of straightforward identity signaling and collective benefit‐oriented norm support are higher, and perceptions of self‐oriented reputation signaling are lower, when the sharer is transgender rather than cisgender. This study provides a novel characterization of social perceptions of transinclusive behavior.
Seascape genetics in a polychaete worm: Disentangling the roles of a biogeographic barrier and environmental factors
Authors: Mendes Cecili B. , Cortez Thainá , Santos Cinthya S. G. , Sobral‐Souza Thadeu , Santos Arian Dielactaquiz , Sasaki Dalton Kei , Silva Danilo Augusto , Dottori Marcelo , Andrade Sónia C. S.
Published: October 2022

Aim

Seascape genomic studies aim to understand how environmental variables shape species diversity through genotype–environment associations. Identifying these effects on lecithotrophic larval species that live in intertidal zones is particularly challenging because they are subject to environmental heterogeneity and anthropogenic events. Here, we evaluate how biotic and abiotic features in the Southwest Atlantic littoral zone can affect a high dispersal species' present and historical demography.

Location

Brazilian coast, covering more than 3000 km.

Taxon

Perinereis ponteni.

Methods

We investigated population genetic diversity, connectivity and past dynamics using 23,300 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated using genotyping by sequencing. We tested whether environmental abiotic variables could explain the variance found in genotype frequencies using isolation‐by‐environment (IBE) and landscape association approaches. These data, combined with palaeodistribution simulations and oceanic circulation modelling, were used to infer species demographic history and connectivity patterns.

Results

Along with high levels of connectivity detected, we found a genetic boundary in the southeastern region of Brazil around Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro), and a cline trend for some loci. The palaeodistribution simulations reveal a spatial refuge in the southeast during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kya), with the expansion of the northern region. We identified 1421 SNPs with frequencies associated with eight environmental variables, most of which were related to temperature—the main environmental factor determining IBE.

Main Conclusions

Perinereis ponteni, a polychaete with high gene flow capability responds to biogeographic barriers, highlighting the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping population connectivity. Furthermore, the effect of temperature indicates that future climate change and ocean warming can hugely impact this species.
Multiple trophic pathways support fish on floodplains of California's Central Valley
Authors: Nakamoto Bobby J. , Jeffres Carson A. , Corline Nicholas J. , Ogaz Mollie , Bradley Christina J. , Viers Joshua H. , Fogel Marilyn L.
Published: October 2022

We used compound‐specific isotope analysis of carbon isotopes in amino acids (AAs) to determine the biosynthetic source of AAs in fish from major tributaries to California's Sacramento‐San Joaquin river delta (i.e., the Sacramento, Cosumnes and Mokelumne rivers). Using samples collected in winter and spring between 2016 and 2019, we confirmed that algae are a critical component of floodplain food webs in California's Central Valley. Results from bulk stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in producers and consumers were adequate to characterize a general trophic structure and identify potential upstream and downstream migration into our study site by American shadAlosa sapidissimaand rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss, respectively. However, owing to overlap and variability in source isotope compositions, our bulk data were unsuitable for conventional bulk isotope mixing models. Our results from compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis of AAs clearly indicate that algae are important sources of organic matter to fish of conservation concern, such as Chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytschain California's Central Valley. However, algae were not the exclusive source of energy to metazoan food webs. We also revealed that other sources of AAs, such as bacteria, fungi and higher plants, contributed to fish as well. While consistent with the well‐supported notion that algae are critical to aquatic food webs, our results highlight the possibility that detrital subsidies might intermittently support metazoan food webs.
Preliminary study of novel autochthonous starter culture for red wine production with reduced biogenic amine content
Authors: Rubilar Giovanni , Spano Giuseppe , Aqueveque Pedro , Aranda Mario , Henriquez‐Aedo Karem
Published: October 2022

Most Chilean red wine is produced by spontaneous malolactic fermentation (MLF), which generates prolonged fermentations resulting in uncertain results, increase production cost, and lead to biogenic amine (BA) formation. The objective of this work was to carry out a preliminary study of an autochthonous MLF starter culture to perform shorter and controlled MLF to elaborated red wines with low BA content. The autochthonous Oenococcus oeni strain (OoB6) isolated from spontaneous MLF was assayed in bioreactors using filtered and unfiltered wines. OoB6 strain efficiently carried out MLF samples showing a similar performance to commercial starter culture. Both accomplished malic acid concentrations (<0.12 g/L) significantly lower (p < .05) than the initial content (1.21 ± 0.11 g/L). OoB6 strain produced a 50% reduction in MLF time and showed very low BA formation (ca. 5 mg/L) without detecting the presence toxicological important BA histamine and tyramine.

Novelty impact statement

To the best of our knowledge, this work report for the first time a preliminary study of potential autochthonous MLF starter culture to elaborate Chilean red wines.

Autochthonous MLF starter culture produced a 50% reduction in MLF time compared with traditional spontaneous MLF.

Autochthonous MLF starter culture showed very low BA formation (ca. 5 mg/L) without detecting the presence toxicological important BA histamine and tyramine.
Quality of life and home parenteral nutrition: a survey of UK healthcare professionals' knowledge, practice and opinions
Authors: Kirk Colette , Pearce Mark S. , Mathers John C. , Thompson Nicholas P. , Gemmell Lisa , Jones David E.
Published: October 2022

Background

There is increasing interest in the assessment of health‐related quality of life (QoL) in the care of patients treated with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). However, it is not known whether healthcare professionals (HCPs) have embedded QoL assessment into routine clinical practice in line with current guidelines to favour a more holistic approach to HPN care. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, current practice and the opinions of HCPs regarding QoL in care of patients on HPN.

Methods

An online survey was distributed via email to HCPs working with HPN patients throughout England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Participants were identified using a mailing list for the British Intestinal Failure Alliance, a specialist group within the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

Results

The survey was completed by 67 professionals comprising 24 dietitians, 17 nurses, 14 gastroenterologists, 6 pharmacists, 5 surgeons and 1 psychologist. Of these, 54 (80%) participants agreed that the measurement of QoL is useful. In contrast, 38 (57%) of all participants, including 27 (50%) of those participants who agreed that the measurement of QoL was useful, never measured QoL. Knowledge of QoL literature was rated as poor or very poor by 27 (40%) participants.

Conclusions

Despite the perceived usefulness and importance of QoL assessment, very few HCPs embed it into clinical practice. Knowledge of QoL literature and QoL tools is variable, and there is significant variability in QoL practice. This is clear in terms of the frequency of QoL assessments and heterogeneity in methodology. In contrast, there was almost unanimous agreement that the complications associated with HPN contribute to poorer QoL. There is a need for specific, evidence‐based, clinical practice guidelines detailing how to define and measure QoL in this patient population.
Molecular targets of endothelial phosphatidic acid regulating major depressive disorder
Authors: Edwards Michael J. , Wilson Gregory C. , Keitsch Simone , Soddemann Matthias , Wilker Barbara , Müller Christian P. , Kornhuber Johannes , Gulbins Erich
Published: October 2022

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe disease of unknown pathogenesis with a lifetime prevalence of ~10%. Therapy requires prolonged treatment that often fails. We have previously demonstrated that ceramide levels in the blood plasma of patients and in mice with experimental MDD are increased. Neutralization of blood plasma ceramide prevented experimental MDD in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that blood plasma ceramide accumulated in endothelial cells of the hippocampus, inhibited phospholipase D (PLD) and thereby decreased phosphatidic acid in the hippocampus. Here, we demonstrate that phosphatidic acid binds to and controls the activity of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) in the hippocampus and thus determines tyrosine phosphorylation of a variety of cellular proteins including TrkB. Injection of PLD, phosphatidic acid, or inhibition of PTP1B abrogated MDD and normalized cellular tyrosine phosphorylation, including phosphorylation of TrkB and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Most importantly, these treatments also rapidly normalized behavior of mice with experimental MDD. Since phosphatidic acid binds to and inhibits PTP1B, the lack of phosphatidic acid results in increased activity of PTP1B and thereby in reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkB and other cellular proteins. Thus, our data indicate a novel pathogenetic mechanism of and a rapidly acting targeted treatment for MDD.

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Phosphacan acts as a repulsive cue in murine and rat cerebellar granule cells in a TAG‐1/GD3 rafts‐dependent manner
Authors: Komatsuya Keisuke , Iguchi Tomohiro , Fukuyama Michiko , Kawashima Ikuo , Ogura Kiyoshi , Kikuchi Norihito , Shimoda Yasushi , Takeda Yasuo , Shimonaka Motoyuki , Yamamoto Naomasa , Sugiura Nobuo , Maeda Nobuaki , Kasahara Kohji
Published: October 2022

Phosphacan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is a repulsive cue of cerebellar granule cells. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored neural adhesion molecule TAG‐1 is a binding partner of phosphacan, suggesting that the repulsive effect of phosphacan is possibly because of its interaction with TAG‐1. The repulsive effect was greatly reduced on primary cerebellar granule cells of TAG‐1‐deficient mice. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the direct interaction of TAG‐1 with chondroitin sulfate C. On postnatal days 1, 4, 7, 11, 15, and 20 and in adulthood, phosphacan was present in the molecular layer and internal granular layer, but not in the external granular layer. In contrast, transient TAG‐1 expression was observed exclusively within the premigratory zone of the external granular layer on postnatal days 1, 4, 7, and 11. Boyden chamber cell migration assay demonstrated that phosphacan exerted its repulsive effect on the spontaneous and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐induced migration of cerebellar granule cells. The BDNF‐induced migration was inhibited by MK‐2206, an Akt inhibitor. The pre‐treatment with a raft‐disrupting agent, methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, also inhibited the BDNF‐induced migration, suggesting that lipid rafts are involved in the migration of cerebellar granule cells. In primary cerebellar granule cells obtained on postnatal day 7 and cultured for 7 days, the ganglioside GD3 and TAG‐1 preferentially localized in the cell body, whereas the ganglioside GD1b and NB‐3 localized in not only the cell body but also neurites. Pre‐treatment with the anti‐GD3 antibody R24, but not the anti‐GD1b antibody GGR12, inhibited the spontaneous and BDNF‐induced migration, and attenuated BDNF‐induced Akt activation. These findings suggest that phosphacan is responsible for the repulsion of TAG‐1‐expressing cerebellar granule cells via GD3 rafts to attenuate BDNF‐induced migration signaling.

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Evaluation of the serum C‐reactive protein–albumin ratio and its relationship with disease severity IN alopecia areata: A prospective case–control study
Authors: Kalaycı Bülent Nuri , Balta İlknur
Published: October 2022

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease characterized by localized or diffuse non‐scarring hair loss. The serum C‐reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) is a novel inflammatory marker and a significant prognostic indicator in several diseases.

Aim

We aimed to explore CAR in AA patients and healthy controls and analyze the possible correlation between CAR and disease severity.

Method

The present study was conducted with 65 eligible AA patients and 65 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. Disease severity was analyzed based on the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score. The CAR score was calculated by dividing serum CRP by the albumin content in both patient and healthy control groups.

Findings

56.9% of the patients were male and 43.1% were female, and the mean age was 31.93 ± 9.67. The patient group' mean CAR level (0.42 ± 0.3) was statistically higher than that of the healthy controls (0.07 ± 0.04), (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations between disease severity, CAR (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), and CRP (r = 0.66; p < 0.01), while the correlation between disease severity and albumin was negative (r = −0.56; p < 0.01). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis conducted on disease severity, the area under the curve was 0.16 for albumin, 0.92 for CRP, and 0.95 for CAR. The optimum CAR for AA severity was 0.38 with 87% sensitivity and 92% specificity.

Conclusion

In the study, we determined that the CAR was higher in AA patients when compared to the control group, and the elevation was associated with disease severity. The present study findings demonstrated that alopecia areata was associated with systemic inflammation, and CAR is a useful inflammatory marker in AA patients.
Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of fractional radiofrequency for the treatment and reduction of stretch marks: A prospective study
Authors: Adatto Maurice
Published: October 2022

Background/Objectives

Skin resurfacing with fractional radiofrequency results in reepithelization, collagen shrinkage, fibroblast stimulation, and neocollagenesis which may be beneficial for the improvement of various skin lesions. This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fractional radiofrequency device (FRF) for the treatment of striae.

Methods

Seventeen subjects, totaling 67 treatment zones were evaluated. Subjects had 4 FRF treatment sessions to the striae areas, at 4‐weeks interval. 3D‐standardized photographs of the treatment area with a 3D camera were used to evaluate striae volumetric improvement from baseline to follow up (FU) visits at 12 and 16 weeks post‐final treatment. A satisfaction questionnaire was completed by subjects at each of the follow‐up visits. Additionally, the mean scores of the live investigator assessments of Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), Subject Satisfaction Scale, Pain Visual Analog Scale and Tolerability Score were calculated.

Results

A total of 15 subjects completed the study (Fitzpatrick skin type I‐III, average age 36.2 years) received 4 FRF treatments on multiple different body zones with multiple passes over stretch marks on the abdomen, inner arms, lower buttocks, inner thighs, and/or flanks. Analysis of 3D photographs of the striae affected zones at 16‐week FU revealed an average reduction in the striae volume of 19.1%, a reduction of redness of 14.3%, a reduction of pigmentation of 11.2%, and a reduction of striae color of 8.82%. The GAIS improved by 1.7‐points when compared to baseline. Treatments were well tolerated with subjects reporting a mean score of 3.8 out of 10 for pain and 3.1 out of 4 for tolerability (indicating the treatment was “tolerable”), with no occurrences of serious adverse events. The average subject satisfaction at 16‐week follow‐up was 3.1, out of a total of 4, which signified subjects were “satisfied” with their treatment.

Conclusion

3D Image analysis of the treated zones presented overall reductions in the color and texture of striae after four treatments with FRF. A combination of ablation and coagulation introduced by FRF treatment resulted in improvement to the appearance of the treated striae.
Review of the microbiome in skin aging and the effect of a topical prebiotic containing thermal spring water
Authors: Woolery‐Lloyd Heather , Andriessen Anneke , Day Doris , Gonzalez Noelani , Green Lawrence , Grice Elizabeth , Henry Michelle
Published: October 2022

Background

Interest in the skin microbiome and the cosmetic benefits of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics is increasing.

Aim

The current review explores the influence of the skin microbiome on facial skin aging and the effects of oral and topical probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics use on skin aging and cosmetic outcomes.

Methods

Five dermatologists who treat clinical signs of facial skin aging and a microbiome scientist (advisors) explored the relationship between the skin microbiome and skin aging. Published evidence and the advisors' knowledge lead to guidance on the skin microbiome using oral and topical prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to reduce signs of aging.

Results

The role of the microbiome in aging skin is an emerging concept. A diverse skin microbiome is essential for skin health. Preliminary studies suggest oral probiotics and prebiotics may play a role in reducing signs of skin aging, likely through shifting to a greater skin and gut microbiome diversity. Thermal spring water contains probiotics and prebiotics. Preliminary studies suggest topically applied probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics may improve signs of skin aging, including a reduction in fine lines and increased hydration.

Conclusions

The panel agreed that oral and topical prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics may play a role in improving signs of aging by improving the skin microbiome. Larger studies with more prolonged treatment trials are needed to better understand the microbiome's role in skin aging and the possible benefits of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics use.
Benefits and safety of Oxymetazoline cream 1% on rosacea‐associated erythema: A systematic review and analysis of clinical evidence
Authors: Yuan Xin , Yin Dan
Published: October 2022

Background

Facial persistent erythema is recognized as difficult feature to treat in rosacea. Topical Oxymetazoline cream 1% has been used to treat persistent facial erythema in rosacea patients for some years.

Objective

To quantitatively synthesize the benefits and harms of Oxymetazoline cream 1% in real‐world clinical management of treatment response and adverse events.

Methods

The clinical researches before June 1, 2022 published on online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library were meta‐analyzed.

Results

A total of 2298 participants were included, and the improvement rate of two‐grade Clinician Erythema Assessment score (CEA) and Subject Self‐Assessment for rosacea facial redness score (SSA) in Oxymetazoline group was 38% (95%CI 28–48) and 25% (95%CI 22–27), respectively, at the 4th week of the dosing. The comprehensive rate of treatment‐related TEAEs in Oxymetazoline group was 7% (95%CI 5–8). The rate of stinging/burning was 15% (95%CI 10–19), pruritus was 15% (95%CI 9–22), dryness was 23% (95%CI 18–28), and scaling was 17% (95%CI 12–22) in analysis of dermal tolerability. And topical Oxymetazoline cream 1.0% presented a very low rebound rate of erythema (1%, 95%CI 0–2).

Conclusions

These real‐world data on Oxymetazoline cream 1% in rosacea‐associated erythema may help making clinic decision and informing treatment expectations, and more clinic trials on longer‐term dosing or the combination treatment with oral medication and energy‐based therapy are worth exploring.
Chart based data as a resource for tracking and improving a person‐centred palliative approach in long‐term care
Authors: Sussman Tamara , Lawrence Jack , Earn Arielle , Wilkie Matt , Hunter Paulette , Kaasalainen Sharon
Published: October 2022

Aims and Objectives

To enhance the practice of a person‐centred palliative approach in long‐term care.

Background

Implementing a person‐centred palliative approach in long‐term care entails placing residents at the centre of care planning that attends to the ‘whole’ person, rather than prioritising biomedical needs.

Design

We conducted a four‐stage directed content analysis of long‐term care progress notes to meet our study aims and applied the EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research publication (COREQ).

Methods

We qualitatively analysed 78 resident charts across three long‐term care homes in southern Ontario to capture the extent to which person‐centred care was absent, initiated or implemented in different types of documented care interactions.

Results

Most residents had interactions related to daily care activities (65/78, 83%), social concerns (65/78, 83%) and treatment decisions (53/78, 68%). By contrast, interactions around pain and discomfort (34/78, 44%) and spirituality (27/78, 35%) were documented for less than half of the residents. Almost all (92%) residents had at least one progress note where staff initiated person‐centred care by documenting their preference for a certain type of care, but only a third had at least one progress note that suggested their preference was implemented (35%).

Conclusions

While person‐centred care is often initiated by nurses and other allied health professionals, changes to care plans to address resident preferences are implemented less often. Nurses and other allied health professionals should be encouraged to elicit care preferences crucial for holistic care planning and equipped with the skills and support to enact collaborative care planning.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Collaborative care planning appears relatively absent in charted progress notes, constraining the full implementation of a person‐centred palliative approach to care.

Patient or Public Contribution

An advisory group consisting of long‐term care resident and staff representatives informed the overall study design and dissemination of the results.
Development of quality measures to assess tooth decay outcomes from electronic health record data
Authors: Brandon Ryan G. , Bangar Suhasini , Yansane Alfa , Neumann Ana , Mullins Joanna M. , Kalenderian Elsbeth , Walji Muhammad F. , White Joel M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To develop outcomes of care quality measures derived from the dental electronic health record (EHR) to assess the occurrence and timely treatment of tooth decay.

Methods

Quality measures were developed to assess whether decay was treated within 6 months and if new decay occurred in patients seen. Using EHR‐derived data of the state of each tooth surface, algorithms compared the patient's teeth at different dates to determine if decay was treated or new decay had occurred. Manual chart reviews were conducted at three sites to validate the measures. The measures were implemented and scores were calculated for three sites over four calendar years, 2016 through 2019.

Results

About 954 charts were manually reviewed for the timely treatment of tooth decay measure, with measure performance of sensitivity 97%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value (PPV) 91%, negative predictive value (NPV) 95%. About 739 charts were reviewed for new decay measure, with sensitivity 94%, specificity 99%, PPV 99%, and NPV 94%. Across all sites and years, 52.8% of patients with decay were fully treated within 6 months of diagnosis (n = 247,959). A total of 23.8% of patients experienced new decay, measured at an annual exam (n = 640,004).

Conclusion

Methods were developed and validated for assessing timely treatment of decay and occurrence of new decay derived from EHR data, creating effective outcome measures. These EHR‐based quality measures produce accurate and reliable results that support efforts and advancement in quality assessment, quality improvement, patient care and research.
Popular fiction and white extremism: Neo‐Nazi ideology and medievalist crime fiction
Authors: Young Helen , Downes Stephanie
Published: October 2022

Dystopian near‐future fantasies of violent white revolution and genocide—most infamously, William L. Pierce's The Turner Diaries (1978)—are the most well‐known and studied fictions by white extremists. They are, however, not the only genre through which the extreme far‐right engage with popular culture. In this article, we explore how popular historical fictions can accomodate white extremist presence and propagandising. We analyse generic conventions in the medieval murder mystery The Black Flame (2001) by self‐identified neo‐Nazi Harold A. Covington (1953–2018), showing that the book shares trends and tropes with contemporary medievalisms, including in historical crime fiction and other popular genres and media. By focussing on these conventions, we seek common places in the popular that can, paradoxically, create space for the fringe extreme.
Promethean ethics and nineteenth‐century ecologies
Authors: Braham Kira , Lindstrom Eric
Published: October 2022

This essay analyses multiple strands of Promethean thought across nineteenth‐century British literature, demonstrating how Prometheanism—as the modern myth of freedom from nature—is interwoven with ecological realities and discourse. We chart the Promethean myth through its expression as a symbol of political aspiration in the Romantic era into the Victorian period, where it becomes entangled in the discourse of work ethics. Victorian authors, we show, deployed a Promethean imaginary to spiritualize both humanity's subjugation of nature and the imperial subjugation of non‐white peoples. Engaging with W.E.B Du Bois, as well as ecocritical scholars like Amitav Ghosh and Sylvia Federici, we consider how the Promethean ethos shaped a technophilic discourse of human mastery that continues to yield destructive ecological and social consequences.
Literacy and literary learning on BookTube through the lenses of Latina BookTubers
Authors: Paladines Lenin , Aliagas Cristina
Published: October 2022

In this study, we examine various aspects of BookTubers' literacy practices, regarding the personal and social factors that lead readers to devote themselves to the BookTube community, the elements that BookTubers consider as they create and publish video book reviews and the sort of literary learning this digital literacy practice entails. For this purpose, narrative interviews were conducted with six BookTubers, five of them from Latin America and one from Spain. Their answers offer insights into the motivations and unique types of learning that come together in this literary practice. A qualitative analysis of the interviews shows that affective engagement with books is a singular feature of BookTubers' understanding of reading culture and that literary video reviews are created in a complex bricolage process where resources, skills and knowledge are mobilised and develop, both aspects also being associated with the development of an online social reading identity. In addition, an ecological approach to analysing literacy and literary learning in the BookTuber culture points to the importance of framing video book reviews as a didactic resource with considerable potential to bring new learning practices to in‐school literary education.
m6A demethylase Fto regulates the TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory response in cementoblasts
Authors: Li Biao , Du Mingyuan , Sun Qiao , Cao Zhengguo , He Hong
Published: October 2022

Objective

Apical periodontitis is the most frequently occurring pathological lesion. Fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (Fto) is the first identified RNA N6‐methyladenosine demethylase. However, whether Fto regulates apical periodontitis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of Fto in the tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐induced inflammatory response.

Materials and Methods

We established an apical periodontitis model. An immortalized cementoblast cell line (OCCM‐30) cells were exposed to TNF‐α. Fto, Il6, Mcp1, and Mmp9 expressions were assessed by qRT‐PCR. We knocked down Fto using lentiviruses and detected TNF‐α‐induced inflammation‐related gene expressions and mRNA stability.

Results

Mice with apical periodontitis showed downregulation of Fto expression. OCCM‐30 cells exposed to TNF‐α showed an upregulation of inflammation‐related genes with a decrease in Fto. Furthermore, knockdown of Fto promoted the expressions of Il6, Mcp1, and Mmp9 in TNF‐α‐treated OCCM‐30 cells as compared with negative control cells, whereas it did not affect the mRNA stability. Interestingly, Fto knockdown activated the p65, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways, and it slightly activated the JNK signaling pathway after TNF‐α administration in OCCM‐30 cells.

Conclusion

A TNF‐α‐induced decrease in the expression of Fto might play a critical role in the inflammatory response in cementoblasts, and knockdown of Fto might upregulate the inflammatory response.
Risk factors for complicated community‐acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: Tuğcu Gökçen Dilşa , Özsezen Beste , Türkyılmaz İrem , Pehlivan Zorlu Betül , Eryılmaz Polat Sanem , Özkaya Parlakay Aslınur , Cinel Güzin
Published: October 2022

Background

Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children continues to be one of the prominent causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. By determining the risk factors associated with the development of complicated CAP (CCAP), new approaches for early diagnosis and effective treatment can be identified.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with CAP and CCAP who visited the pediatric ward of the study hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. For patients with CCAP, data regarding medical procedures performed, surgical intervention, and hospitalization duration were collected.

Results

A total of 111 patients, 93 (83.7%) with CAP and 18 (16.3%) with CCAP, aged between 3 months and 18 years were hospitalized because of severe pneumonia. The mean age of the patients was 3.6 ± 1.2 years and 60 (54%) of them were female. The mean age of patients with CCAP was higher than that of patients with CAP (4.2 ± 3.3 vs. 2.8 ± 2.1 years respectively); however, the difference was not significant (p = 0.012). Patients with CCAP exhibited a significantly higher C‐reactive protein level than those with CAP (10.06 ± 7.55 vs. 4.43 ± 3.37 g/L respectively; p = 0.007). Hypoxia upon admission was noted more commonly in the CCAP group than in the CAP group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Findings related to hypoxia, respiratory distress, and pleural effusion on imaging are important distinguishing factors associated with the development of complications in patients hospitalized with CAP. Therefore, CCAP etiology, diagnosis, and treatment approaches should be established and protective measures adopted.
Excessive testimony: When less is more
Authors: Dellsén Finnur
Published: October 2022

This paper identifies two distinct dimensions of what might be called testimonial strength: first, in the case of testimony from more than one speaker, testimony can be said to be stronger to the extent that a greater proportion of the speakers give identical testimony; second, in both single‐speaker and multi‐speaker testimony, testimony can be said to be stronger to the extent that each speaker expresses greater conviction in the relevant proposition. These two notions of testimonial strength have received scant attention in the philosophical literature so far, presumably because it has been thought that whatever lessons we learn from thinking about testimony as a binary phenomenon will apply mutatis mutandis to varying strengths of testimony. This paper shows that this will not work for either of the two aforementioned dimensions of testimonial strength, roughly because less testimony can provide more justification in a way that can only be explained by appealing to the (non‐binary) strength of the testimony itself. The paper also argues that this result undermines some influential versions of non‐reductionism about testimonial justification.
Fish disease prevention via microbial dysbiosis‐associated biomarkers in aquaculture
Authors: Mougin Julia , Joyce Alyssa
Published: October 2022

Infectious diseases are a major burden in aquaculture, and represent a significant yield‐limiting factor in production that is costly to manage as well as a potential vector for zoonoses. Over the past decades, a range of new diseases have emerged, alongside increased levels of antibiotic resistance, thus heightening the need for improved disease management methods supportive of the One Health concept. Simultaneously, recent advances in Next‐Generation Sequencing have increasingly elucidated the role of the microbiome in regulating metabolism, immune function and resilience. Such work has included a plethora of studies on the potential for the management of pathogens through manipulation of the microbiome, as well as related studies of the mechanisms behind host resilience. There is now an increasing robust body of evidence recognizing the importance of a holistic framework in disease aetiology between the host, its environment and colonizing microorganisms, with perturbation increasingly associated with specific dysbiotic states and disease outcomes. Elucidating disease aetiology is a preliminary step towards the development of new prevention methods, with the main goal being early identification of dysbiosis‐associated biomarkers prior to any physical signs of the disease. While acknowledging the challenges associated with using key microbial taxa as biomarkers, we review recent advances in the characterization of dysbiosis and associated microbiome signatures in the context of disease development, with an emphasis on early biomarkers for aquaculture disease prevention. Several promising strategies are suggested, including the use of functional genes or metabolic pathways that are conserved between microbial taxa as a potential proxy for homeostasis.
Introduced Spartina anglica modifies fish habitat in southern temperate succulent saltmarshes
Authors: Harrison‐Day Violet , Prahalad Vishnu , McHenry Melinda T. , Aalders John , Kirkpatrick Jamie B.
Published: October 2022

Vegetation changes in saltmarsh habitat can influence fish assemblages and abundance. In Tasmania, Australia, mid‐latitude succulent saltmarsh communities have been invaded by the introduced tall grass, Spartina anglica. Eradication efforts have been ongoing since the 1990s with purported benefits for fish access to intertidal foraging grounds, but a lack of knowledge of the impact of S. anglica on fish limits understanding of the benefits and effectiveness of native habitat restoration. Here, we investigate whether fish assemblages in native saltmarshes and non‐native S. anglica grassland differ in species diversity, fish abundance, and size class distribution. We used buoyant pop nets to sample fishes in Sarcocornia quinqueflora herbland and S. anglica grassland swards at three sampling stations in northwest Tasmania. Very few individuals and low species diversity were recorded in both vegetation types at the sampling station with the most well‐established S. anglica infestation. Elsewhere, richness and diversity were higher in S. quinqueflora herbland. Overall fish abundance was higher in S. quinqueflora than in S. anglica, with a very strong effect at one sampling station. Fewer small individuals of the numerically dominant Atherinosoma microstoma were recorded in S. anglica, potentially indicating impaired nursery function. Our results provide important insights for S. anglica control, as we are the first to demonstrate a relationship between S. anglica presence and fish characteristics in southern Australian saltmarsh. These results indicate that S. anglica control is valuable for fish conservation. An extension of our research to document the effects of S. anglica removal on fishes is desirable.
Larger interface area at the human myotendinous junction in type 1 compared with type 2 muscle fibers
Authors: Jakobsen Jens Rithamer , Mackey Abigail Louise , Koch Manuel , Imhof Thomas , Hannibal Jens , Kjær Michael , Krogsgaard Michael Rindom
Published: October 2022

The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is structurally specialized to transmit force. The highly folded muscle membrane at the MTJ increases the contact area between muscle and tendon and potentially the load tolerance of the MTJ. Muscles with a high content of type II fibers are more often subject to strain injury compared with muscles with type I fibers. It is hypothesized that this is explained by a smaller interface area of MTJ in type II compared with type I muscle fibers. The aim was to investigate by confocal microscopy whether there is difference in the surface area at the MTJ between type I and II muscle fibers. Individual muscle fibers with an intact MTJ were isolated by microscopic dissection in samples from human semitendinosus, and they were labeled with antibodies against collagen XXII (indicating MTJ) and type I myosin (MHCI). Using a spinning disc confocal microscope, the MTJ from each fiber was scanned and subsequently reconstructed to a 3D‐model. The interface area between muscle and tendon was calculated in type I and II fibers from these reconstructions. The MTJ was analyzed in 314 muscle fibers. Type I muscle fibers had a 22% larger MTJ interface area compared with type II fibers (p < 0.05), also when the area was normalized to fiber diameter. By the new method, it was possible to analyze the structure of the MTJ from a large number of human muscle fibers. The finding that the interface area between muscle and tendon is higher in type I compared with type II fibers suggests that type II fibers are less resistant to strain and therefore more susceptible to injury.
The boundaries of confusion: Gerrymandering and racial disparities in state House and congressional district line congruity
Authors: Niven David , Combs Barbara Harris , Norwood Carolette , Rossiter Kalyn E. , Solimine Michael E.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

We introduce a new, stable, and reliable measure of gerrymandering based on the number of unnecessary overlapping state House districts within U.S. House districts. We then test for the presence of racial disparities by considering the relative number of unnecessary overlapping districts in majority‐white and majority–minority areas.

Methods

We utilize a data set encompassing maps in place in the 2012–2022 period from all 35 states with at least four congressional districts. Collectively this includes 386 U.S. House districts and more than 3600 state House districts.

Results

We find widespread unnecessary district overlaps. In 34 of the 35 states examined, congressional districts overlap with more state House districts than is mathematically required. Moreover, unnecessary district overlaps are not imposed uniformly. Regression results suggest that districts with the largest white population experience roughly half the unnecessary overlaps imposed on districts with the smallest white population.

Conclusion

We argue the implications of this racial disparity are significant given that previous research finds that confusing district boundaries have a deleterious effect on the basic pillars of representation. This effort represents a new and straightforward gerrymandering metric with implications for the study of representation and the pursuit of fair districts in the courts.
Risk factors associated with self‐reported Q fever in Australian wildlife rehabilitators: Findings from an online survey
Authors: Mathews Karen O. , Savage Cathie , Norris Jacqueline M. , Phalen David , Malikides Nick , Sheehy Paul A. , Bosward Katrina L.
Published: October 2022

Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWR) are at increased risk of developing Q fever, a serious zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Previous studies have suggested that Australian wildlife may be a potential C. burnetii infection source for humans. However, a recent serological survey of AWR found no association between C. burnetii exposure and direct contact with any wildlife species. To further explore the potential risk that wildlife may pose, this study aimed to identify associations between self‐reported Q fever in AWR and risk factors for exposure to C. burnetii. An online cross‐sectional survey was implemented in 2018 targeting AWR nationwide. Risk factors for self‐reported Q fever were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Medically diagnosed Q fever was self‐reported in 4.5% (13/287) of unvaccinated respondents. Rehabilitators who self‐reported medically diagnosed Q fever were significantly more likely to: primarily rehabilitate wildlife at a veterinary clinic (OR 17.87, 95% CI: 3.09–110.92), have domestic ruminants residing on the property where they rehabilitate wildlife (OR 11.75, 95% CI: 2.91–57.42), have been educated at a High School/Technical and Further Education level (OR 10.29, 95% CI: 2.13–84.03) and be aged >50 years (OR 6.61, 95% CI: 1.60–38.35). No association was found between self‐reported Q fever and direct contact with wildlife. These findings support previous work suggesting that AWR are at increased risk of C. burnetii infection and may develop Q fever potentially via exposure to traditional infection sources including livestock, other domestic animals, or contaminated environments, in association with their rehabilitation practices and lifestyle. Although Q fever vaccination is recommended for AWR, vaccine uptake is low in this population. Future studies should aim to determine the level of Q fever awareness and identify barriers to Q fever vaccination in this at‐risk group. The difficulty in accessing the AWR population also highlights the need for a national centralized AWR database.
Selective exposure: Exposing a Few Selected Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Chernov Gennadiy
Published: October 2022

Selective exposure is a phenomenon studied by scholars for decades. Its prominence can be explained by certain potential consequences for democratic societies which include polarization and growing support for extreme views.The media selective exposure approach generated hundreds of publications, however, this growth in new facts and information does not seem to advance much of a paradigmatic consensus on theoretical foundations and practical utility of this line of research.This article aims at assessing whether the key concepts and models of selective exposure represent a cohesive body of knowledge empowering researchers. It also encourages them to seek new knowledge, and test new links. Researchers can also evaluate whether there are some controversial or not sufficiently explicated elements requiring reassessment.This article is a modest effort to assess what is really known and agreed upon in such important pillars of any theory such as definitions and models of selective exposure. This piece also suggests which aspects of selective exposure may need further clarification.
Impedance Control on Redundant Manipulators With Zero-Potential-Energy Motions: Theory and Experimental Validation
Authors: Saldarriaga Carlos , Kao Imin
Published: October 2022

This article presents an experimental study with theory to identify quantitatively the zero-potential-energy (ZP) motion in Cartesian impedance control of redundant manipulators, based on a new analytical methodology. This ZP mode of motion, analogous to the rigid-body mode in classic mechanical systems, is a result of the redundancy of the robot. When subject to an external perturbation under impedance control, a redundant robot will assume a new equilibrium configuration determined by the ZP motion, governed by the least-energy principle. Consequently, this creates a steady-state deviation from its initial configuration after a perturbation and reaches a new equilibrium. We determine such ZP motion(s) by utilizing a closed-form solution based on vibration theory. Experiments were conducted on a 7-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) redundant Panda robot to determine the new equilibrium after a perturbation. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical prediction of the ZP motions to validate the theoretical results of the zero-potential-energy motions due to stiffness in impedance control. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ZP motion due to redundancy can be eliminated by removing the redundancy through experimental validation by employing the null-space control, as expected.
Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Impinging Syngas Flames From Multi-Slot Burner
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd. , Muthu Kumaran S. , Raghavan Vasudevan
Published: October 2022

Characteristics of impinging flames from a multi-slot burner fueled by synthetic gas are studied using a comprehensive numerical model. A multi-slot burner with five fuel slots and six air slots arranged in an alternately has been analyzed. The power rating of the burner is kept at 10 kW, and the air flowrate is fixed at 400% of the stoichiometric air required for the net fuel flowrate. The numerical model incorporates a short chemical kinetic mechanism, variable thermophysical properties, full multicomponent diffusion, thermal diffusion and a radiation sub-model. The location of the solid surface from the burner exit, primary air in fuel stream, dimensions of solid surfaces, and their temperatures have been varied to study the heat flux distributions from impinging flames. Results show that the location of the solid surface from the burner ports and partial premixing affect the heat transfer characteristics. The heat fluxes received by the side and top surfaces depend on the characteristics of neighboring flames located around the central flame. The heat flux distribution and the net heat flux received by the surface are found to be uniform and optimum at a height of 90 mm from the burner exit. Increasing the length of the impinging surface has negligible influence on average heat flux and CO production. The mass fraction of CO is affected by heating height and partial premixing. It remains almost constant for varying temperatures of the impinging surfaces. Primary aeration of 20% is found to be optimum for higher net heat flux and lower CO emissions.