bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronizing Genetic Oscillators by Signaling Molecules
Authors: Wang Ruiqi , Chen Luonan
Published: April 2005

The authors examine collective rhythms in a general multicell system with both linearly diffusive and nondiffusive couplings. The effect of coupling on synchronization through intercellular signaling in a population of Escherichia coli cells is studied. In particular, a synchronization solution is given through the auxiliary individual system for 2 types of couplings. The sufficient conditions for the global synchronization of such a coupled system are derived based on the Lyapunov function method. The authors show that an appropriate design of the coupling and the inner-linking matrix can ensure global synchronization of the coupled synthetic biological system. Moreover, they demonstrate that the dynamics of an individual cell with coupling and without coupling may be qualitatively different; one is oscillatory, and the other is steady state. The change from a nonoscillatory state to an oscillatory one is induced by appropriate coupling, which also entrains all cells to synchronization. These results establish not only a theoretical foundation but also a quantitative basis for understanding the essential cooperative dynamics, such as collective rhythms or synchronization, in a population of cells.
SREBP-1 as a Transcriptional Integrator of Circadian and Nutritional Cues in the Liver
Authors: Brewer Michelle , Lange David , Baler Ruben , Anzulovich Ana
Published: April 2005

The act of feeding in mammals can generate such powerful cues for peripheral organs that, under certain conditions, they can override the entraining signals coming from the clock in the brain. Restricting the feeding time to the inactivity period, for example, can completely and quickly reverse the rhythms of gene expression in the liver. This manipulation does not affect the central oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is phase-locked to the light-dark cycle, but does release the peripheral oscillations in the liver from central control. It seems reasonable to predict the existence of one or more immediate response systems designed to sense the need to acutely reverse the sequence of absorptive and postabsorptive phases in the liver. In this study, the authors monitored the posttranslational activation of the sterol response element binding proteins from a circadian point of view to evaluate the role they might play in the circadian organization of the liver transcriptome as well as in the reversal of hepatic physiology that accompanies diurnal restricted feeding. This study highlights a possible direct link between the immediate effects of food consumption on the level of key membrane and humoral factors and the expression status of a set of coordinately regulated target genes in the liver.
Restraint Stress Delays Reentrainment in Male and Female Diurnal and Nocturnal Rodents
Authors: Mohawk Jennifer A. , Lee Theresa M.
Published: April 2005

Atemporary loss of normal circadian entrainment, such as that associated with shift work and transmeridian travel, can result in an array of detrimental symptoms, making rapid reentrainment of rhythmicity essential. While there is a wealth of literature examining the effects of stress on the entrained circadian system, less is known about the influence of stress on circadian function following a phase shift of the light: dark (LD) cycle. The authors find that recovery of locomotor activity synchronization is altered by restraint stress in the diurnal rodent Octodon degus (degu) and the nocturnal rat. In the first experiment, degus were subjected to a 6-h phase advance of the LD cycle. Sixty minutes after the new lights-on, animals underwent 60 min of restraint stress. The number of days it took each animal to reentrain its activity rhythms to the new LD cycle was recorded and compared to the number of days it took the animal to reentrain under control conditions. When subjected to restraint stress, degus took 30% longer to reentrain their activity rhythms ( p < 0.01). In a second experiment, rats underwent a similar experimental paradigm. As with the degus, stress significantly delayed the reentrainment of rats’ activity rhythms ( p < 0.01). There was no interaction between sex and stress on the rate of reentrainment for either rats or degus. Furthermore, there was no effect of stress on the free-running activity rhythm of degus, suggesting that the effect of stress on reentrainment rate is not secondary to alterations of period length. Together, these data point to a detrimental effect of stress on recovery of entrainment of circadian rhythms, which is independent of activity niche and sex.
Self-Defense or Assertiveness Training and Women’s Responses to Sexual Attacks
Authors: Brecklin Leanne R. , Ullman Sarah E.
Published: April 2005

Self-defense classes aim to prevent violence against women by strengthening women’s capacity to defend themselves; however, little research has examined the effects of self-defense training on women’s attempts to fight back during actual attacks. This study investigated the relationship of self-defense or assertiveness training and women’s physical and psychological responses to subsequent rape attacks (N = 1,623).Multivariate analyses showed that victims with preassault training were more likely to say that their resistance stopped the offender or made him less aggressive than victims without training. Women with training before their assaults were angrier and less scared during the incident than women without training, consistent with the teachings of self-defense training. Preassault training participants rated their degree of nonconsent or resistance as lower than did nonparticipants, perhaps because they held themselves to a higher standard. Suggestions for future research on women’s self-defense training and rape prevention are offered.
A Friend in Need
Authors: Bollmer Julie M. , Milich Richard , Harris Monica J. , Maras Melissa A.
Published: April 2005

This study examined friendship quality as a possible moderator of risk factors in predicting peer victimization and bullying. Children (50 boys and 49 girls, ages 10 to 13 years) reported on the quality of their best friendship, as well as their bullying and victimization tendencies. Parents reported on their child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors, in addition to bullying and victimization tendencies. Results indicated that externalizing problems were related to bullying behavior; however, friendship quality moderated this relation such that among children with externalizing behaviors, a high-quality friendship significantly attenuated bullying behavior. Internalizing problems and low friendship quality were significantly related to victimization; however, friendship quality did not moderate the relation between internalizing problems and victimization. Implications for interventions based on these findings are discussed.
Examining the Characteristics of Male Sexual Assault Targets in a Southern Maximum-Security Prison
Authors: Hensley Christopher , Koscheski Mary , Tewksbury Richard
Published: April 2005

Studies concerning inmate-on-inmate sexual assaults within male correctional facilities are sparse in the sociological and correctional literatures. Only a few studies have specifically examined the characteristics of male inmate sexual assault targets. The current research sought to address this gap by providing an examination of factors related to victimization likelihood. Using data gathered in March 2000 from 142 inmates (18% return rate) in one Southern maximum-security prison, the authors examined demographic and behavioral characteristics of male inmate sexual targets. Based on inmates’ self-reports of sexual victimization—threatened and/or forced sexual assault encounters—correlates of victimization were identified. Approximately 18% of the inmates reported inmate-on-inmate sexual threats, and 8.5% reported that they had been sexually assaulted by another inmate while incarcerated.
Rates and Predictors of Sexual Aggression Among Students and Nonstudents
Authors: Buddie Amy M. , Testa Maria
Published: April 2005

The authors compared rates and predictors of sexual aggression for women attending college with those of women from the same population who were not attending college. Because it has been suggested that less parental monitoring at college may be associated with risky behaviors that contribute to sexual aggression, they also compared rates and predictors of sexual aggression for those living with parents versus not living with parents. The results showed that women living away from parents reported significantly higher rates of sexual aggression than women living with parents, regardless of student status. Logistic regression analyses showed that for student and nonstudent women, heavy episodic drinking and number of sex partners predicted past-year rape and/or attempted rape. The current results do not provide evidence that college is a uniquely risky environment for experiencing sexual aggression. Rather, the behaviors in which young women engage are associated with sexual aggression during this time period.
Relationships Among Youth Assets and Neighborhood and Community Resources
Authors: Kegler Michelle Crozier , Oman Roy F. , Vesely Sara K. , McLeroy Kenneth R. , Aspy Cheryl B. , Rodine Sharon , Marshall LaDonna
Published: April 2005

Recent research suggests that a youth development framework emphasizing youth assets may be a promising intervention strategy for preventing adolescent risk behaviors. Understanding how neighborhood and community resources relate to youth assets may aid in identifying environmental strategies to complement individually oriented asset-building interventions. In this study, 1,350 randomly selected inner-city youth and their parents (paired interviews) were interviewed in person. After controlling for demographic characteristics of youth and parents using multivariate logistic regression, parental perception of neighborhood safety was associated with the nonparental adult role model asset, peer role model asset, and for African American youth, the community involvement asset. City services and neighborhood services were associated with use of time (groups/sports) and use of time (religion), respectively. Psychological sense of community was associated with community involvement for Native American youth. Findings suggest that neighborhood and community-level influences should be considered when designing youth development interventions to reduce risk behaviors.
Assessing the Perceived Importance of Skin Cancer: How Question-Order Effects Are Influenced by Issue Involvement
Authors: Rimal Rajiv N. , Real Kevin
Published: April 2005

Question-order effects refer to systematic differences in responses that can be attributed to the manner in which questions assessing attitudes and cognitions are asked. This article hypothesized that question-order effects in assessing the perceived importance of skin cancer would be moderated by the extent to which people are involved with the issue of skin cancer. A telephone survey ( N = 325) was conducted by administering two versions of the same questionnaire, one in which importance of skin cancer was assessed without other contextual variables and another in which contextual variables were asked before assessing the importance of skin cancer. As hypothesized, when people were highly involved with the issue, question-order effects did not occur. When involvement was low, importance of skin cancer was greater in the absence of contextual questions than in their presence. Findings have implications for how health-related issues are communicated to the public and how formative research is conducted.
Collective Actors and Corporate Targets in Tobacco Control: A Cross-National Comparison
Authors: Nathanson Constance A.
Published: April 2005

Cross-national comparative analysis of tobacco control strategies can alert health advocates to how opportunities for public health action, types of action, and probabilities for success are shaped by political systems and cultures. This article is based on case studies of tobacco control in the United States, Canada, Britain, and France. Two questions are addressed: (a) To whom were the dangers of smoking attributed? and (b) What was the role of collective action—grassroots level organization—in combating these dangers? Activists in Canada, Britain, and France moved earlier than the United States did to target the tobacco industry and the state. Locally based advocacy centered on passive smoking has been far more important in the United States. The author concludes that U.S.-style advocacy has played a major role in this country’s smoking decline but is insufficient in and of itself to change the corporate practices of a wealthy and politically powerful industry.
Effects of Interior Wall on Continuous Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles in Microcapillary Reactor
Authors: He Shengtai , Kohira Toshihiro , Uehara Masato , Kitamura Tugio , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Masaya , Maeda Hideaki
Published: April 2005

After investigating the effects of the interior wall of the micro-capillary tube on the size distribution of silver nanoparticles, the well dispersed silver nanoparticles were fabricated continuously in a selected PTFE micro-capillary reactor with a one-step process.
Psychological Profiling of Australian Police Officers: An Examination of Post-Selection Performance
Authors: Lough Jonathan , Ryan Michael
Published: April 2005

The performance of two groups of Tasmania police employees (all of whom were constables or probationary constables) was evaluated after their first year of training and on-the-job employment. Group membership was a function of initial selection process — one group undertook detailed psychological profiling as part of their pre-employment testing, and the other group did not. The non-screened group was compared to the profiled (screened) group across a range of performance measures. Across seven out of eight measures, the screened group outperformed the non-screened group, with four of the differences statistically significant. The screened group also had a lower dropout rate. The simplest explanation of results suggests that a different quality of applicant is selected by the psychological profiling system, when compared to more traditional processes such as simple selection interviews. Implications for future selection of police personnel in Australia are also discussed.
Hepatitis B-Diagnostik bei Blutspendern: Verfahren und Interpretation auffälliger Befundkonstellationen. Diagnosis of hepatitis B in blood donors: procedure and interpretation of suspicious results
Authors: Polywka Susanne
Published: April 2005

Several test systems are available for the diagnosis of infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). In most cases, reliable results lead to the detection of acute infection or chronic HBV infection or immunity due to past infection or active immunization. In some cases, however, results may be difficult to interpret or even misleading and special assays are necessary to answer more specific questions.

During acute or chronic HBV infection, not only the qualitative detection of HBsAg is necessary, but also the quantitative determination may allow for the diagnosis of activity of the disease. In most cases, HBeAg closely correlates to viraemia and infectivity, but mutations within the pre-core region of the HBV genome may lead to a loss of HBeAg and to seroconversion to anti-HBe while the virus concentration in serum is high and patients are severely ill. Anti-HBc assays often give false positive test results which can be ruled out by re-testing a serum dilution. IgM antibodies against HBcAg are not only found during acute infection but may become positive again during reactivation in chronic virus carriers. Different genotypes of the virus are prevalent in different parts of the world and multiple infections are possible; these may lead to the simultaneous detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs.

Viral DNA can be detected by several methods with different lower detection limits. Screening of blood donors to rule out HBsAg-negative virus carriers is done by polymerase chain reaction, since this method has the highest sensitivity. Infectivity of HBsAg-positive carriers may also be determined by other assays such as branched DNA or molecular hybridization. Patients on treatment with nucleoside analogs may show an increase in DNA concentration after an initial decrease or even loss. This may be due to mutation within the YMDD-motif of the DNA polymerase which can be detected by sequence analysis.

In this overview, hints will be given on how to evaluate positive results in the different assays. In addition, it gives advice on how to establish a suitable diagnosis for a variety of clinical questions. Several suspicious constellations are discussed as well as the possibilities to clarify them.
The Yasukuni Shrine Dispute and the Politics of Identity in Japan: Why All the Fuss?
Authors: Shibuichi Daiki
Published: April 2005

The Yasukuni Shrine specifically honors the “spirits” of Japanese war dead. Visits by Japanese prime ministers to the shrine have stirred domestic anger and triggered numerous diplomatic disputes. This article focuses on the role of Japanese rightists in the disputes and describes an aspect of identity politics in Japan.
Unfolding Canada-Bangladesh Relations
Authors: Haider Zaglul
Published: April 2005

Canada has been a strong supporter of Bangladesh since the latter's Independence in 1971. Though bilateral trade relations have yet to blossom, Bangladesh was the top Asian recipient of Canadian aid in 1999–2000. Nevertheless, Bangladesh, with little diplomatic weight, generally loses bargaining power in bilateralism, as it has with Canada, whose aid significantly benefits Canadian economic interests.
Changes in the electrophoretic spectra of antioxidant enzymes in nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing soybean subjected to gradual water stress
Authors: Kirova E. , Nedeva D. , Nikolova A. , Ignatov G.
Published: April 2005

The effect of two sources of nitrogen (nitrogen fixation or nitrate assimilation) and gradual water stress on theelectrophoretic spectra of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase was studied in soybean leaves. An increase in H2O2production was observed, especially after the prolonged drought treatment. At 50% drought the activity of anionic peroxidase activity for isoenzymes Nos. 2 and 7+8 significantly increased (by 54 and 18%, respectively) in the leaves of nitrate-fed plants compared to the control plants; for nitrogen-fixing plants these values were 31 and 14%, respectively. In the case of cationic peroxidases, the application of 50% drought led to the inhibition of the moderately fast isoenzymes (Nos. 2 and 3, with Rm 0.5 and 0.65, respectively) and the activation of the fastest moving isoenzyme (No. 4, with Rm 0.8) in nitrate-fed soybean. The same tendency was observed in the leaves of nitrogen-fixing plants. The effect of restricted soil humidity on SOD activity was expressed as a change in the activity of some of the isoenzymes. There was a clear tendency for the SOD isoenzyme activity to increase after the exposure of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing soybean plants to 50% drought treatment. high catalase activity was registered in control nitrate-fed plants. Generally the catalase isoenzyme activity in control nitrogen-fixing plants had low values. Both intensities of water stress (30 and 50% drought) caused an increase in the catalase activity, and this increase was much higher for nitrogen-fixing plants. Therefore, soybean plants responded to drought treatment by changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity, as these changes were partially dependent on the source of nitrogen. The results suggested that nitrogen-fixing soybean plants were more resistant to gradual water stress.
Maize varieties grown in Eastern Central Europe between 1938 and 1983
Authors: Hadi G.
Published: April 2005

Several generations of maize breeders contributed to the establishment of genetic resources in Eastern Central Europe by developing open-pollinated varieties, inbred maize hybrids and parental lines successfully grown on large areas and differing from those found in the North American Corn Belt and in other regions of Europe. In some cases they used unusual methods or used known methods in an unorthodox fashion. The Caribbean Flints brought to Hungary from Spain by the Turks in the 16th century played an important role in the development of the Eastern Central Europe genetic resources and dominated Hungarian maize production for nearly four hundred years. In the early 19th century these genetic stocks of Caribbean origin were supplemented by Andean popcorn (Chutucuno Chico, Chutucuno Grande), introduced into Hungary from Italy for human consumption and export purposes and to a lesser extent by Northern Flints (Pennsylvania 8-row). Under the influence of American maize exhibitions in the 19th century, Southern Dents (especially Gourdseed, but also Shoepeg, Hickory King and Tuxpan) and Corn Belt Dents (Queen of the Prairie, Iowa Goldmine, Leaming, and to a lesser extent Funk Yellow Dent) gained ground. In Eastern Central Europe dent varieties were late maturing, so they were crossed, primarily with early-maturing hard flints, and also with early variants of the Caribbean type Old Hungarian Yellow Flint, in order to produce new varieties, which then dominated maize production in the first half of the 20th century. In the early years of hybrid maize breeding, the breeders relied greatly on local, productive, adapted sources. As the result of hybrid maize breeding in Eastern Central Europe, two distinct gene pools developed, which it is thought could contribute to a further increase in maize yield averages through an improvement in genetic variability. These two gene pools are the Ruma and Mindszentpuszta (MYD) heterosis sources. At least 30 lines of Ruma origin and 19 of MYD origin have been successfully used in the development of commercial hybrids. From the point of view of breeding early flint × dent hybrids, the European early multi-rowed hard flints, which developed locally, independently of the American Northern Flints, could also be of interest. Less significant varieties and lines that were grown successfully at one time or another could be used as genetic reserves for the development of new variations. The paper will discuss the varieties popular between 1880 and 1983, providing more detailed data on 13 open-pollinated varieties, 2 variety hybrids, 41 inbred hybrids and 40 successful lines.
Investigations on the plant structure characteristics of emmer [Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccon (Schrank)] landraces under inhomogeneous conditions
Authors: Kőszegi B. , Kovács G.
Published: April 2005

As a consequence of the recent spread of organic crop production, there is an increasing demand on the market for foodstuffs and food raw materials of special quality. New interest is being evinced in old cereal species that have been ignored for a long period, such as einkorn and emmer. Their production is hindered, however, by the fact that no breeding has been carried out on these species for long decades, and the landraces currently available are not suited to modern cultivation conditions. The breeding of varieties with the required habit is hindered by the lack of information on the plant structure of the various landraces and on the environmental dependence and inheritance of the characters that determine plant structure. Earlier studies suggest that inhomogeneous environmental systems can be used to identify the temperature and light conditions under which the phenotypic differences responsible for plant structure are the greatest, thus allowing the inheritance of these traits to be investigated. When two emmer landraces originating from diverse climatic regions (MvGB 301 and MvGB 304) were grown in a gradient phytotron chamber, it was found that relatively higher temperatures were more suitable for pinpointing differences in plant height, as the difference between the two varieties decreased parallel to a drop in temperature. Within the temperature range investigated it is advisable to choose the taller variety as basic breeding stock for organic variety development, as its height is closer to the ideotype for organic varieties. The length of the last internode in MvGB 301 is independent of changes in temperature, indicating that the phenotype is stable for this trait. The results clearly demonstrate that it is possible to find types of emmer which are morphologically adapted to the requirements of organic farming and have a plant structure relatively little affected by the genotype × environment interaction.
Interactive effects of light, temperature and cultivar on photosynthesis in evening primrose (Oenothera spp.) crops
Authors: Fieldsend A. F.
Published: April 2005

The photosynthetic performance of evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), a temperate oilseed crop, was assessed during the period of rapid biomass accumulation and flower bud formation. Light response curves constructed from field-grown plants harvested in late May, late June and late July were similar, suggesting that the photosynthetic capacity of evening primrose leaves is not readily susceptible to low temperatures. The maximum quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation and light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation data were comparable to other C3 species. Short-term changes in photosynthetic efficiency, measured as the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence, Fv/Fm, were assessed on field-grown plants of five breeding lines during late May and early June, and on glasshouse-grown plants under controlled temperatures and light levels. Low temperature-dependent photoinhibition (measured as a decline in Fv/Fm) occurred in both field and controlled-environment studies. Differences were observed between breeding lines in the rate of recovery upon a return to more favourable conditions. A clear correlation between Fv/Fm and CO2 assimilation was demonstrated, suggesting that low temperature-dependent photoinhibition could lead to reduced biomass accumulation in evening primrose crops grown in cool temperate climates.
Use of silver thiosulphate (STS) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to improve the shelf life of miniature potted rose cv. Amore
Authors: Hassan F. , Schmidt G. , Ankush J. , Dorogi Z.
Published: April 2005

The quality of miniature potted roses during their shelf life is limited by bud abscission and premature flower senescence.Rosa hybridaL. cv. Amore plants were pretreated with silver thiosulphate (STS) at 0.2 and 0.4 mM and with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g m-3for 6 h in order to investigate the effects of these chemicals on the postharvest quality. Both chemicals extended the flower longevity as well as the plant display life compared with the untreated control. The best treatments in this respect were STS at 0.4 mM and 1-MCP at 0.5 g-3for 6 h, which resulted in the least degradation in the chlorophyll content of the leaves. The treatment with STS at 0.4 mM increased the flower longevity and plant display life by 1 and 1.67 days, respectively, compared with the 1-MCP pretreatment at 0.5 g m-3. Since 1-MCP treatment does not have the heavy metal implications of STS treatment, the use of 1-MCP pretreatment for extending the shelf life of miniature potted rose cv. Amore was recommended.
Field resistance of Martonvásár winter wheat cultivars against Fusarium head blight
Authors: Puskás K. , Vida G. , Komáromi J. , Veisz O. , Bedő Z.
Published: April 2005

Fifty Triticum aestivum genotypes, including winter wheat cultivars from Martonvásár, were tested for fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance under artificially inoculated conditions. Field resistance, kernel infection, and the relative yield components (test weight, thousand kernel weight and kernel weight/heads) were examined following infection with Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum isolates. Using data from two years, a number of Martonvásár varieties with above-average resistance to FHB were identified. On the basis of field infection, AUDPC values close to those of resistance sources were calculated for the variety Mv Emese, while 67.5% of the varieties tested had values which did not differ significantly from those of the control variety Arina. The yield components examined were modified substantially by artificial FHB infection. The thousand kernel weight and test weight of the variety exhibiting the greatest degree of infection were only 21.14% and 25.58%, respectively, of the untreated control. In one case the decline in the kernel weight/head was more than 90%. The results of multivariable statistical analysis indicated that among the Hungarian wheat genotypes, Bánkúti 1201, B9086-95 (a line derived from Bánkúti 1201), Mv Emese, Martonvásári4 and Mv Táltos could be grouped with the best sources of resistance. The experimental data revealed wide genetic variability for FHB resistance in the Martonvásár breeding stock.
Combining abilities of certain characters and estimation of hybrid vigour in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Göksoy A. T. , Turan Z. M.
Published: April 2005

This research was carried out in 1997 and 1998 in order to study the genetic structure of a hybrid population established from three CMS (cytoplasmic male sterile) lines and four pollen tester (restorer) lines, to identify the parents and crosses showing superior general and specific combining abilities and finally to evaluate F1 hybrid vigour. According to the results, the variance due to specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for seed yield, number of seeds per head and plant height. These traits of sunflower were influenced, mostly, by dominant gene actions. Neither general (GCA) nor specific combining ability (SCA) variances were found to be significant for head diameter and 1000-seed weight. most of the total genetic variation in these characteristics was caused by epistatic gene actions due to SCA variances, which were higher than GCA variances. The parental lines CMS381, CMS461, RHA684 and RHA892 had the highest positive GCA effects for seed yield and in terms of the other traits studied, but these effects were not significant for all the traits observed. The crosses CMS191×RHA723, CMS191×RHA892, CMS381×RHA684 and CMS461×RHA684 might be considered as promising combinations in terms of seed yield and yield components. The amounts of heterosis and heterobeltiosis ranged from -8.4 to +16.3% to -21.3 to +3.4% for plant height, from 46.3-82.3% to 20.3-48.3% for head diameter, from -14.8 to +52.6% to.-16.5 +46.9% for number of seeds per head, from -3.3 to +42.7 to -19.0 to +21.0% for 1000-seed weight and from 19.8-98.1 to 4.6-89.8% for seed yield.
Nutrient economy through land configuration and residue management in a greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence with limited water supplies
Authors: Shivakumar B. G. , Mishra B. N. , Gautam R. C.
Published: April 2005

A field experiment on a greengram-wheat cropping sequence was carried out under limited water supply conditions in 1997-98 and 1998-99 at the farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The greengram was sown either on flat beds or on broad beds 2 m in width, divided by furrows, with 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. After the harvest of greengram pods, wheat was grown in the same plots, either with the greengram stover removed or with the stover incorporated along with 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha applied to wheat. The grain yield of greengram was higher when sown on broad beds with furrows compared to flat bed sowing, and the application of 30 or 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yields compared to no phosphorus application. The combination of broad bed and furrows with phosphorus fertilization was found to be ideal for achieving higher productivity in greengram. The land configuration treatments had no impact on the productivity of wheat. The application of phosphorus to the preceding crop had a significant residual effect on the grain yield of wheat. The incorporation of greengram stover also significantly increased the grain yield of wheat. The increasing levels of N increased the grain yield of wheat significantly up to 80 kg/ha. The combination of greengram stover incorporation and 80 kg N/ha applied to wheat significantly increased the grain yield. Further, there was a significant interaction effect between the phosphorus applied to the preceding crop and N levels given to wheat on the grain yield of wheat.
Organic manures for increased rice productivity and sustained supply of Fe to rice
Authors: Mishra B. N. , Prasad R. , Gangaiah B.
Published: April 2005

Field experiments were carried out for 3 years to assess the efficacy of organic manures (Sesbania, Leucaena,cowpea, mungbean, wheat straw and FYM) in enhancing the productivity of rice and in supplying Fe. Green manuring withSesbaniagave the highest rice yield, whereas the lowest yield was recorded with wheat straw incorporation. The concentration and uptake of Fe by rice was significantly higher with organic manures. The Fe status of the soil after 3 crops of rice declined from the initial value, but the decline was least with FYM, followed by green manures. The application of organic manures is a good source for a sustained supply of Fe in soil.
Effect of SRI (System of Rice Intensification) practices on the yield attributes, yield and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Vijayakumar M. , Sundar Singh S. D. , Prabhakaran N. K. , Thiyagarajan T. M.
Published: April 2005

Field experiments were conducted during the wet and dry seasons of 2002 and 2003 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Farm, Coimbatore, India to study the effect of practices recommended in the system of rice intensification (SRI) on the yield attributes, yield and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were i) using 21-day-old (conventional) or 14-day-old (dapog nursery) seedlings; ii) crop geometry at 15 × 10 cm, 20 × 20 cm or 25 × 25 cm; iii) irrigation at 5.0 cm depth (conventional) or 2.0 cm depth when hair-line cracks developed (SRI); iv) weed control (conventional and SRI weeding), and v) nitrogen management (recommended and LCC-based N application) during the wet season of 2002. During the second crop season (dry season, 2003), all the treatments were repeated except nitrogen management, since there was no response to LCC-based N in the wet season. The treatments were slightly modified based on the results of the wet season crop. The yield attributes (panicle length, number of panicles hill-1, total number of grains panicle-1) were significantly higher in the treatment involving 14-day-old seedlings + 25 × 25 cm spacing + water-saving irrigation + LCC-based N management + SRI weeding than in the other treatments during the wet season. During the dry season, greater values of panicle length, no. of panicles hill-1 and filled grains panicle-1 were recorded in the treatment combination involving 14-day-old seedlings + 25 × 25 cm spacing + water-saving irrigation + SRI weeding. The grain yield and water productivity were significantly increased when applying SRI weeding with 14-day-old dapog seedlings planted at 25 × 25 cm spacing to achieve yields of 7009 and 5655 kg ha-1, and 0.610 kg and 0.494 kg per m3 of water, respectively, in the wet and dry seasons.
Constituintes químicos da casca de Ochroma lagopus swartz (Bombacaceae)
Authors: PAULA Vanderlúcia Fonseca de , BARBOSA Luiz Cláudio de Almeida , PILÓ-VELOSO Dorila , DEMUNER Antonio Jacinto , HOWARTH Oliver
Published: April 2005

O estudo químico das cascas de Ochroma lagopus Swartz levou ao isolamento e ou, identificação de uma mistura de ácidos graxos e triacilglicerídeos, de b-sitosterol (1), estigmasterol (2), daucosterol (3), estigmasterol-3-O-b-D-glicosídeo (4) e manitol (5).
Basicities of primary arylamines and calculated amine nitrogen electronic charges
Authors: LEITE Sérgio Roberto de Andrade
Published: April 2005

Mülliken charges on nitrogen atoms were calculated for several arylamines, utilizing the AM1 Quantum Chemistry method, relating their values to experimental amine pKa . Direct relation between pKa and nitrogen charges was found. The amines energies of protonation, calculated by the same method, also correlate directly with these charges.
Determinação da temperatura de solubilização da prata em ligas de Cu-Al-Ag por medidas de resistência elétrica
Authors: CILENSE Mário , LOPES Marcos Antonio , ADORNO Antonio Tallarico , BEATRICE Carlos Roberto Sobreira
Published: April 2005

As temperaturas onde ocorre a solubilização da fase rica em prata, em ligas de Cu-Al-Ag, foram determinadas através de medidas de variação da resistência elétrica com a temperatura. As derivadas das curvas obtidas experimentalmente permitiram determinar com precisão essas temperaturas e também que se traçasse um esboço da região onde ocorre a transição monofásica para bifásica.
Electron migration in DNA matrix: an electron transfer reaction
Authors: POY Cecília Dominical , CORNÉLIO Marinônio Lopes
Published: April 2005

This paper brings an active and provocative area of current research. It describes the investigation of electron transfer (ET) chemistry in general and ET reactions results in DNA in particular. Two DNA intercalating molecules were used: Ethidium Bromide as the donor (D) and Methyl-Viologen as the acceptor (A), the former intercalated between DNA bases and the latter in its surface. Using the Perrin model and fluorescence quenching measurements the distance of electron migration, herein considered to be the linear spacing between donor and acceptor molecule along the DNA molecule, was obtained. A value of 22.6 (± 1.1) angstroms for the distance and a number of 6.6 base pairs between donor and acceptor were found. In current literature the values found were 26 angstroms and almost 8 base pairs. DNA electron transfer is considered to be mediated by through-space interactions between the p-electron-containing base pairs.
Medida da permeabilidade magnética em fio delgado ferromagnético
Authors: GARGIONE FILHO Baptista , GÁRLIPP Waldir
Published: April 2005

Neste trabalho foi obtida uma expressão algébrica que relaciona a permeabilidade magnética de um fio delgado retilíneo ferromagnético, com a força eletromotriz gerada nas suas extremidades pela variação no tempo de uma corrente elétrica aplicada.
Estudo voltamétrico de redissolução catódica de cefaloglicina em meio aquoso sobre eletrodo de mercúrio
Authors: RODRIGUES Letícia Norma Carpentieri , FERREIRA Valdir de Souza , ZANONI Maria Valnice Boldrin
Published: April 2005

Voltamogramas de redissolução catódica de cefaloglicina em meio ácido exibem uma única onda de redução em potenciais próximos da descarga do eletrólito (-1.0 V). Entretanto, o fármaco pode ser determinado indiretamente em meio alcalino (pH 10) através do complexo formado entre cefaloglicina e Hg(I) gerado na superfície do eletrodo sob potencial de acúmulo positivo (Eac= +0.20 V). Uma curva de calibração linear no intervalo de 0.122 a 1.22 mg/mL foi obtida para cefaloglicina em tampão B-R pH 10 utilizando-se tempo de acúmulo de 30 seg e potencial de acúmulo de +0.20 V. O método mostra alta reprodutibilidade e sensibilidade com desvio padrão relativo de 1,4 % para 5 determinações de 5x10-7 mol/L de cefaclor e limite de detecção de 5,17 ng/mL.
Ensaio clínico, aberto, controlado sobre a adição de brometo de ipratrópio ao fenoterol no tratamento da crise de asma em adultos
Authors: Diccini Solange , Silva Clystenes Odyr Soares , Nakatani Jorge , Pereira Carlos Alberto de Castro
Published: April 2005

No tratamento da crise de asma, empregam-se doses repetidas de drogas b2-agonistas por via inalatória. O efeito da adição do brometo de ipratrópio (BI) ao b2-agonistas é controverso em adultos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se adição de BI ao fenoterol, em tratamentos inalatórios repetidos, induz a maior broncodilatação, com reversibilidade da crise e alta da emergência em pacientes em crise grave de asma. LOCAL DO ESTUDO: Serviço de Pronto-Atendimento de Pneumologia, Disciplina de Pneumologia da Unifesp-Hospital São Paulo, no período de julho de 1995 a fevereiro de 1997. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Aberto, randomizado, paralelo. Alta da emergência determinada pelo VEF1 e PFE > 60% do previsto. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte pacientes em crise de asma foram divididos em dois grupos (N = 60): fenoterol (F) e brometo de ipratrópio + fenoterol (BIF) com VEF1 e PFE < 50% do previsto. Cada grupo recebeu três tratamentos inalatórios, através de nebulímetro e câmara de expansão, administrados em intervalos de 30 minutos. No grupo F foram administrados 4 jatos de fenoterol (400mcg) e no grupo BIF, 160mcg de BI e 400mcg de fenoterol (4 jatos). RESULTADOS: A média (± DP) do PFE basal (F = 36 ± 7% vs. BIF = 35 ± 9% previsto) e do VEF1 basal (F = 33 ± 9% vs. BIF = 32 ± 9%). Trinta e dois pacientes no grupo F e 33 pacientes no grupo BIF tiveram alta após tratamentos inalatórios. O VEF1 e PFE ao final dos tratamentos inalatórios foram, respectivamente, F = 60 ± 13% vs. BIF = 61 ± 11% e F = 74 ± 18% vs. BIF = 77 ± 13% (NS). CONCLUSÃO: A adição de brometo de ipratrópio ao fenoterol resulta em efeito funcional insignificante e sem impacto clínico no tratamento da crise de asma em adultos.
Tabagismo e etilismo em funcionários da Universidade Estadual do Ceará
Authors: Sabry Maria Olganê Dantas , Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho , Silva Marcelo Gurgel Carlos da
Published: April 2005

O presente estudo pretendeu identificar os hábitos de tabagismo e etilismo de funcionários da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, em Fortaleza. O estudo abrangeu 317 funcionários. Aplicou-se um questionário contendo dados de identificação, socioeconômicos e referentes ao tabagismo e etilismo, que foram tabulados e analisados pelo Epi-Info 6.0. O grupo entrevistado foi constituído de 157 homens e 160 mulheres, com faixa etária predominante de 30-49 anos e alta escolaridade. A renda familiar para 146 funcionários situou-se na faixa igual ou superior a 10 salários mínimos mensais. Declararam-se fumantes 83 funcionários, observando-se maior prevalência no sexo masculino (56). Em média, o consumo de cigarros foi de 12,3/dia e tal atividade era exercida havia 23,2 anos. Quanto ao etilismo, 183 indivíduos ingeriam bebida alcóolica, também encontrando-se maior prevalência nos homens. A freqüência do consumo foi principalmente em fins de semana ou raramente. A bebida mais citada foi a cerveja - 96, seguida pela aguardente de cana - 20 pessoas. O consumo médio diário de etanol foi de 29,9g. Os consumidores simultâneos de tabaco e álcool foram eminentemente do sexo masculino. A escolaridade e a renda foram maiores nas mulheres exclusivamente fumantes e a renda foi maior entre as exclusivamente etilistas. Apesar de as prevalências de tabagismo e etilismo encontradas não terem sido elevadas, ainda configuram um risco para doenças crônico-degenerativas, principalmente quanto à quantidade de etanol ingerida pelos homens, devendo haver aprofundamento do estudo em relação à associação com outras diferentes variáveis ambientais.
Curvas de complacência ou curvas pressão-volume na insuficiência respiratória aguda
Authors: Vieira Silvia Regina Rios
Published: April 2005

O objetivo do presente trabalho é revisar o uso das curvas de complacência ou curvas pressão-volume (P-V) de pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda (IRA) - lesão pulmonar aguda ou acute lung injury (ALI) e síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda (SARA). Foram revisados os principais trabalhos publicados na literatura em língua inglesa, localizados por pesquisa via Medline, que abordavam o uso das curvas P-V na IRA. Idealmente as curvas P-V devem ser realizadas em pacientes com IRA visando uma monitorização e um manejo mais adequado dos mesmos a partir dos dados por elas fornecidos: ponto de inflexão inferior (Pinf), ponto de inflexão superior (Psup) e complacência estática. Todos os métodos disponíveis para a obtenção das mesmas (superseringa, oclusões inspiratórias e fluxo contínuo) são similares desde que fluxos contínuos baixos sejam utilizados e sejam tomados cuidados que permitam o esvaziamento pulmonar antes de realizar as curvas, evitando o surgimento de PEEP (pressão expiratória final positiva) intrínseca. Com estes cuidados o fluxo contínuo torna-se um método simples, não dispendioso, seguro e confiável, para realizar curvas P-V à beira do leito, facilitando a monitorização dos pacientes com IRA.
Embolia pulmonar decorrente de coriocarcinoma metastático com apresentação atípica
Authors: Jhayya Teresa de Jesus , Francisco Andreia Luisa Simões , Silva Clystenes Odyr Soares , Ferreira Rimarcs G.
Published: April 2005

É apresentado o caso de uma paciente de 36 anos, com coriocarcinoma metastático pulmonar com apresentação clínica e radiológica atípica. O achado de hipertensão pulmonar indicou a possibilidade de tromboembolia pulmonar; todavia, o diagnóstico definitivo e causa da embolia pulmonar foram dados na autópsia. Discutem-se as formas de apresentação das metástases do coriocarcinoma, sua repercussão e o período de latência que pode existir até evidenciar a neoplasia.
Carcinoma adenóide cístico de traquéia: tratamento pela laringotráqueo-esofagectomia e traqueostomia mediastinal
Authors: Ximenes Netto Manoel , Rego Gutemberg F. , Carvalho André L.A. , Miziara Hélcio L.
Published: April 2005

Os autores descrevem o caso de uma paciente de 54 anos de idade com carcinoma adenóide cístico de traquéia ao nível da cricóide, na qual foi realizada ressecção extensa, incluindo a laringe, parte da traquéia e esôfago. A reconstrução do trato digestivo foi através do tubo gástrico e a via aérea pela construção de uma traqueostomia mediastinal. Cinco anos mais tarde foi removida uma recorrência tumoral cutânea no pescoço. Sete anos depois do procedimento original, foi notada nova recorrência no mediastino, que respondeu à irradiação. A paciente encontra-se muito bem atualmente, oito anos e cinco meses após o procedimento.
Pseudo-hemoptise por leishmaniose
Authors: Melo Saulo Maia D'avila , Todt Neto João Carlos , Andrade Leila Caroline Faria de
Published: April 2005

É apresentado caso de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) acometendo a mucosa da laringe que, dentre as manifestações clínicas iniciais, apresentou pseudo-hemoptise, levando ao diagnóstico e tratamento errôneo de tuberculose pulmonar. A confirmação etiológica foi estabelecida através de estudo histopatológico. A localização primária na laringe é relativamente rara. É muito importante a experiência do broncoscopista em vias aéreas superiores para fazer diagnóstico exato.
Tratamento cirúrgico de pneumonia necrosante: análise de quatro casos
Authors: WESTPHAL FERNANDO LUIZ , LIMA LUIZ CARLOS DE , FERREIRA CYNTIA ALMEIDA , CARVALHO MARIA AUXILIADORA DE
Published: April 2005

A pneumonia necrosante é uma patologia grave que surge como complicação rara de pneumonia lobar. Quatro crianças na faixa etária entre dez e 28 meses foram hospitalizadas com pneumonia bacteriana aguda, evoluindo com toxemia, derrame pleural e insuficiência respiratória, respondendo insatisfatoriamente a antibioticoterapia e drenagem pleural. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico para descorticação pulmonar e ressecção de tecido pulmonar necrosado. Complicações como fístulas broncopleurais ocorreram em dois pacientes, havendo óbito em um dos casos. Os autores concluem que a ressecção pulmonar de emergência é indicada quando a necrose pulmonar é diagnosticada em pacientes septicêmicos ou com fístula broncopleural de alto débito, visando a melhora do prognóstico dessas crianças, mesmo cientes de que o índice de morbimortalidade nesses casos é alto.