bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Kinerja Alat Ukur Tinggi Muka Air Otomatik Menggunakan Kalibrator Di Laboratorium
Authors: Akrom Isnan Fauzan , Agustiani Hany
Published: March 2019

Water Resources Infrastructure Development requires careful planning, one of which requires hydrological analysis. The accuracy of hydrological data is influenced by the method, operator/observer, and the performance of the measuring instrument. Until now, Water Resources Management Agencies in Indonesia conducted observations of discharges in rivers or channels indirectly, by observing WL (Water Level) in the WL Gauging Station. WL values can be read directly and manually or using an Automatic WL Meter Tool (AUTO) which has been found in many types. Whatever the type, it is necessary to evaluate its performance, one of which is through calibration trials in the laboratory. This paper presents an evaluation of several types of AUTO (AWLR, AWLL Buoyance, and AWLL Pressure) using a Calibrator in the Laboratory. With calibration can be compared the results of WL readings from AUTO with the Standard/Reference Tool using the Calibrator as the main facility, so that the value of the Measurement Error and Measurement Uncertainty is obtained. Both parameters are used to determine the performance of a device because it is related to the level of accuracy and precision. Based on the results of the test, it was found that both the best level of accuracy and precision in sequence are AWLR, AWLL Pressure, and AWLL Buoyance.
United States’s Intevention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Authors: Susilo Indri , Putri Rizqi Apriani , Azizah Nur
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTCombating terrorism is one of the foreign policy of the United States (US). The Islamic State of Iraq and The Levant (ISIL) or The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is one of the movement deemed terrorists and has disturbed world peace. Ultimately the US decided to intervene to deal with the frequent acts of terror by ISIS which resulted in gross human rights violations.This article aims to find out how the US intervention to combat human rights abuses and acts of terror that have been done by ISIS.The method in this article was to do library research in the form of books, articles, journals and various media relevant in this article.It has been found that the form of settlement efforts to reduce human rights violations, the US made preventive and repressive efforts. In preventive efforts, the US created an international coalition to gain support to counter terror committed by ISIS. Then the repressive effort is humanitarian intervention in the form of military aid and humanitarian aid. The US donates $ 1.2 billion annually and 350 million dollars as a form of military and humanitarian aid to combat ISIS. Keywords: Humanitarian Interventions, Human Rights Violations, International Coalition, United States Intervention
Kebijakan Angela Merkel dalam Mengatasi Krisis Pengungsi di Eropa tahun 2015
Authors: Wicaksono Ersadio Rahman
Published: March 2019

Tahun 2015 menjadi tahun terburuk dalam sejarah krisis pengungsi. Sejumlah 19,5 juta orang menjadi pengungsi di seluruh dunia. Kawasan Eropa menjadi tujuan utama bagi para pengungsi untuk mendapatkan perlindungan. Angela Merkel, Kanselir Jerman, memutuskan untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan Open Door guna merespon banyaknya jumlah pengungsi yang berdatangan. Respon Angela Merkel cukup signfikan mengingat beberapa negara Eropa lainnya seperti Perancis dan Hungaria justru berusaha untuk menutup negaranya bagi para pengungsi. Sensitivitas gender dan feminisme terlihat cukup esensial sehingga dapat mempengaruhi Angela Merkel dalam mengeluarkan kebijakan tersebut. Untuk itu, tulisan ini membahas mengenai bagaimana agenda-setting berbasis gender dilakukan oleh Angela Merkel. Kata kunci : Kebijakan, Open Door, Krisis Pengungsi, Jerman, Angela Merkel, Gender, Feminisme.
Responsabilidad social corporativa y Código de buen gobierno. Cumplimiento por las empresas del IBEX
Authors: Cortés García Francisco Joaquín , Martos Pedrero Antonio
Published: March 2019

Resumen
Oportunidades de la tecnología aplicada a los mercados financieros: el fenómeno Fintech
Authors: Rodríguez López José Luis , Hinojo González Pedro
Published: March 2019

El fenómeno Fintech se puede definir como la aplicación disruptiva de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones al sistema financiero. Estas innovaciones, impulsadas por una conjunción de factores tecnológicos y socioeconómicos, están alterando el marco competitivo en el sector y generan nuevas oportunidades y modelos de negocio. Los principales efectos son un aumento de la competencia y una potencial mitigación de ciertos fallos de mercado, como las imperfecciones de la información, que han afectado tradicionalmente al sistema financiero.
Imagen de España como productor de aceite de oliva: un analisis entre importadores
Authors: García Galán María del Mar , Román Suero Beatriz , Chamorro Mera Antonio
Published: March 2019

El aceite de oliva forma parte de la dieta mediterránea y tiene una imagen mundial de alimento de calidad y saludable. En las últimas dos décadas se han observado cambios significativos en la estructura de su consumo mundial, con un aumento significativo en 15 años de las exportaciones mundiales. Así pues, potenciar la imagen del país de origen del aceite se convierte en un elemento clave para su comercialización. Este estudio analiza la imagen que importadores de aceite de oliva de Alemania, México y Estados Unidos tienen de España como productor de aceite de oliva y su posible efecto en la preferencia por el aceite español frente a otros de origen italiano y griego. Los importadores consultados han mostrado tener una buena imagen de España como productor de aceite de oliva en los tres mercados internacionales analizados. En términos de imagen, el aceite italiano es el principal competidor del aceite español, muy por encima del griego, especialmente en el mercado alemán. Los puntos débiles de la imagen de España están relacionados con aspectos comerciales y de marketing (variedad de la oferta y atractivo de los diseños), precisamente los puntos fuertes de la oferta italiana. El sector tiene que centrar sus esfuerzos en mejorar en estos aspectos.
Relación entre sostenibilidad y turismo colaborativo a partir de las quejas recibidas en el alojamiento en vivienda vacacional
Authors: Bulchand-Gidumal Jacques , Melián-González Santiago
Published: March 2019

En este artículo se analiza la relación entre el turismo colaborativo y la sostenibilidad. Para ello se utilizan más de 6.000 valoraciones hechas por huéspedes de alquiler vacacional descargadas automáticamente de Airbnb. Sobre esta muestra se realizó un análisis de contenido con el objetivo de clasificar las principales quejas de los huéspedes. La principal conclusión es que resulta complicado establecer una relación directa entre economía colaborativa y sostenibilidad, en línea con la poca evidencia existente sobre la interacción entre los dos fenómenos. Se presentan algunas cuestiones a tener en cuenta por los distintos agentes en el desarrollo de esta nueva modalidad turística. Entre otras, la necesidad de analizar si se produce una mejor distribución de la renta turística en el territorio y el interés de los usuarios por disfrutar de un tipo de turismo distinto, en el que puedan conocer personalmente al anfitrión que oferta el alojamiento.
Estimaciones del valor del tiempo de viaje de los visitantes del Parque Nacional del Teide
Authors: Román Concepción , González Rosa Marina , Simón Marreno Ángel
Published: March 2019

En este trabajo se estiman, por primera vez, los valores del tiempo de viaje de los visitantes del Parque Nacional del Teide (Tenerife). Para ello, se utiliza una aproximación novedosa en la literatura de la demanda recreativa consistente en la estimación de modelos de elección discreta referidos a la elección del modo de viaje. Las estimaciones obtenidas a partir de una encuesta de preferencias reveladas muestran que los visitantes valoran de forma diferente los distintos componentes del tiempo de viaje y que los valores del tiempo varían según el sexo y la edad del visitante. Estos resultados son de gran utilidad a la hora de evaluar políticas que promuevan la utilización de modos de transporte más sostenibles para el acceso a espacios naturales
Advantages of Loanwords of Latin Origin for Learning German and Dutch
Authors: Uni Kazuhito
Published: March 2019

Latin is the primary donor language to German and Dutch. In this study, a vocabulary survey was conducted to propose the advantages of frequently used German and Dutch vocabulary of Latin origin and their English equivalents for learners of German and Dutch. The Oxford 3000 was used as the primary reference for the 3,000 most frequently used English words, and the author analyzed the frequency of their German and Dutch equivalents. As a result, 432 loanwords of Latin or Greek origin were found to be included in the 3,000 most common German and Dutch words. Therefore, the present study concluded that possessing a knowledge of basic German and Dutch vocabulary of Latin or Greek origin effectively assists English speakers in learning German and Dutch.
HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI IBU TENTANG HYPNOBIRTHING DENGAN PENGURANGAN RASA NYERI PADA IBU BERSALIN NORMAL DI KLINIK DIANA MEDAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Nasution Yulida Effendi
Published: March 2019

Hypnobirthing merupakan kombinasi antara proses kelahiran alami dengan hypnosis untuk membangun persepsi positif dan rasa percaya diri serta menurunkan ketakutan, kecemasan, tenang dan panik sebelum dan setelah persalinan.Hypnobirthingbertujuanagar ibu dapat melahirkan dengan nyaman, cepat dan lancar dan menghilangkan rasa sakit melahirkan tanpa bantuan obat bius apapun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk  mengetahui hubungan persepsi ibu tentang hypnobirthing dengan pengurangan rasa nyeri pada ibu bersalin. Penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah ibu bersalin di Klinik Diana Tahun 2018, jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 responden diambil dengan persepsi ibu tentang  total sampling. Hasil penelitian yang di dapatkan dari ibu yang melakukan persepsi ibu tentang  Hypnobirthing dari 30 responden dapat di ketahui bahwa ada17 responden (56,7%) dengan pelaksanaan metode hypnobirthing dan mengalami nyeri sedang dan 18 responden (60,0%) dan minoritas ibu mengalami persepsi ibu tentang  hypnobirthing sebanyak 13 responden (43,3%) dan yang mengalami nyeri hebat sebanyak 12 responden (40,0%). Setelah dilakukan uji Chi-Square terdapat hubungan persepsi ibu tentang  Hypnobeirthing dengan pengurangan rasa nyeri pada ibu bersalin p value e 0,013 sig α < 0,005. Dari hasil penelitian, ada hubungan metode hypnobirthing dengan pengurangan rasa nyeri pada ibu bersalin di Klinik Diana Tahun 2018. Maka disarankan kepada tenaga kesehatan agar kiranya dapat mempromosikan persalinan dengan persepsi ibu tentang  Hypnoberthing dan senantiasa turut serta dalam memberikan informasi kepada ibu-ibu tentang persiapan selama kehamilan dan persalinan dengan menggunakan persepsi ibu tentang  hypnoberthing.
Strategic reassurance - nowa koncepcja czy słabość polityki USA wobec Chin?
Authors: Kostrzewa Marek
Published: March 2019

The author of this article analyzes a new idea introduced to the American policy toward China upon taking over by Democrats and the Administration of the White House. Searching the answer to the question what 'strategic reassurance' is in bilateral and multilateral US-China relations he enters the course and results of B. Obama's first state visit to China in 2009 and surveys strategic interests of the US and China in the Pacific area. He comes to the conclusion that 'strategic reassurance' is a rule and it is not a concept of American policy in bilateral relations with China, which for its substance and political nature will not be introduced to them, following the rule of 'status quo' in the Taiwan Strait, a new quality and will not eliminate tensions that may originate in them. Functioning of this rule in bilateral relations meets strategic interests of China, because theoretically it increases a foresee ability proportion of B. Obama's new Administration actions and in comparison to G. W. Bush policy creates a perspective for more stable environment. In the context of the US multilateral relations this term meets conceptual criteria of a new strategic vision of American policy toward Asia, including key role of ASEAN i, in order to balance the powers rank changing as a consequence of rising China, with no undermining its position in the region.
Problem mocarstwowości Francji w ujęciu historycznym (do 1945 roku)
Authors: Pachocka Marta
Published: March 2019

In the early twenty-first century, France has the necessary geographic, geopolitical, demographic, economic, military (nuclear), political and cultural potential to be one of the most powerful states within the international system. Its position and capabilities are, however, questioned, while stressing only its desire to be a superpower. This article analyzes the international position of France in historical perspective (from the seventeenth century to 1945), assuming that this state is an example of the evolution from a global superpower to a regional power. In the first part of the article, the theoretical framework for the further analysis has been included, the attempts to define the concepts of the great power and superpower have been taken, the classifications of great powers have been presented and the factors determining the power of states have been identified. In the second part, the author shows the evolution of a great power status of France on a few examples from its history, referring to the reign of Louis XIV, the times of Napoleon Bonaparte and the rule of Napoleon III. In the third part of the article, the international position of the Third French Republic is discussed, with particular emphasis on its foreign policy, including colonial one, since the 1870s to the German invasion in June 1940. The effects of World War II for its position in the international system are also described. The author concludes that France was a global superpower in two historical moments (the absolute monarchy of Louis XIV and the French Empire of Napoleon I), and is now a regional power with global interests.
Zarys historii regulacji finansowania kampanii wyborczych w USA
Authors: Misiuna Jan
Published: March 2019

The article presents the history of the US campaign finance law. It describes acts passed by the Congress, starting from the Tillman Act of 1907, followed among others by Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 and finished with McCain-Feingold Act of 2002. There are also described the most important decisions of the US Supreme Court related to the campaign finance including Newberry vs. United States (256 U. S. 232 (1921)), Buckley v. Valeo (424 U. S. 1 (1976)), McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (540 U. S. 93 (2003)) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (130 S. Ct. 876 (2010)) of 2010. The paper also how has changed the attitude of the Supreme Court towards campaign finance regulation The article also recalls the historical events, such as Teapot Dome Scandal and Watergate, that were important stimuli for passing new law by the Congress. The background of the Supreme Court decisions is also provided.
Wpływ kryzysu gospodarczego na potencjalne członkostwo Polski w trzecim etapie Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej
Authors: Stryjek Joanna
Published: March 2019

The continuous uncertainty concerning the final consequences of the economic crisis in the Eurozone, as well as the level of recession in Poland, increase the risk of introducing the common currency and giving up the monetary policy instruments. However, the Polish economy and the economy of the Eurozone are so much interrelated that an emergence of a deep recession in the EMU which would be able to sidestep Poland is hardly probable. Hence, the influence of the current economic crisis on the Polish membership in the Eurozone should be analyzed mainly from the point of view of Poland's ability to ful%ll the convergence criteria under the economic slowdown. Such an analysis is the aim of this article. The biggest challenge for Poland is a substantial reduction in the budget deficit. In 2010 the budget deficit in Poland - instead of decreasing (as it was planned in the Polish "Convergence Programme") - continued to increase. Growing budget deficit means an increase in the public debt. Furthermore, the inability to fulfill the fiscal criterion leads to the serious problems concerning the other convergence criteria (that is, the level of nominal interest rates and the stability of the exchange rate). Moreover, under such circumstances it would be dificult for the fiscal policy to play the role of so-called stabilizer if Poland decided to enter ERM II (and such a role would be very helpful regarding the limited autonomy of the monetary policy).
Wizerunek kobiety dojrzałej w reklamie prasowej kosmetyków
Authors: Kozłowska Anna
Published: March 2019

The paper shows the world of the elderly through the eyes of the creators' advertising messages. The author assumes that advertising leads to the formation, strengthen and reinforce the stereotypical thinking about social groups and roles. Advertising as mass communication at the moment is treated as an extension of the socialization process, aligning and strengthening the existing cultural patterns. The results of qualitative researches go beyond the current approach to the image of older people in advertising. Exploratory analysis were subjected to advertising messages, in which the woman's age has been an important promotional message. It is assumed that the age is a matter of particular importance from the point of view of shaping the identity of the conteporary woman. It's important that image of elderly people in advertising is associated not only with its perception by the individual, but also by others. Advertising has great interest and willingness to reflect on the natural process of human aging. This mass message displays, which is characteristic of a particular sex, as falls do in a given age, as one should look at the situation. Characteristics and behaviors ascribed to a particular sex or age, in@uence, either positive or negative response to a person, both by themselves and by the others. Certain image of the elderly has an impact on our level of optimism, mood and actions of people of all ages.
Ubóstwo i wykluczenie społeczne dzieci w Hiszpanii
Authors: Romiszewska Anna
Published: March 2019

For many years Spain has been one of the EU countries with the highest child poverty risk rates. Since the beginning of 1990s child monetary poverty rate has remained at the level of 24–25 per cent, thus being higher than for the overall population. Although Spain recorded high economic growth in years 2002–2007, the lack of changes in social policy towards children and families prevented any improvements in the situation. The ongoing economic crisis has worsened the poverty indicators for children comparing to other age groups and has progressed the process of deterioration of the situation of families with children, especially single-parent families. This article aims to present the ways of measuring the child poverty and social exclusion in Spain, taking into account methodological problems and complexity, and showing the need for multidimensional approach. Features characteristic of child poverty and social exclusion in Spain in comparison with other EU countries i.e. high chronic poverty as well as recurrent and long-term transitory poverty are highlighted. Special attention was paid to children from immigrant background, who were found to be more vulnerable.
Państwo we współczesnej gospodarce światowej – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Zawiślińska Izabela
Published: March 2019

The 2007+ financial crisis and the depression in real sphere of many economies important for the world economy has led to many initiatives directed against the negative effects of the crisis. The state and its institutions played the most important role in anti-crisis actions. At the beginning states concentrated on fiscal and monetary policy measures aiming to help national economic subjects. In other words, the challenges of early 21st century changed common opinion on the position and the importance of the modern state. Quickly, however, it has become clear that such help is not sufficient. The advanced level of international cooperation and interdependence between micro- and macroeconomic subjects have led to the situation in which single states could not take effective action against crisis phenomena that were not only initiated in their economies but also imported. In such conditions we can observe the emergence of new international initiatives such as G20, Financial Stability Council, the new European Financial Supervision System or European instruments for financial stability, including the fiscal pact, which was preliminary agreed on during the December summit of the European Council. All those actions are, unfortunately, designed as short-term and emergency measures. They do not aim for longer time frame. There is no debate on doctrinal foundations of the contemporary global economy. The actions described in this text also fi t into that pattern, as they are only an attempt at addressing the problems and not an initiative which has pre-dated the contemporary crisis phenomena.
Determinanty zmian deficytu budżetu państwa i długu publicznego w krajach Unii Europejskiej w 2010 roku
Authors: Malinowski Dariusz
Published: March 2019

The article contains an analysis of the budget deficit variability and public debt variation in the EU in 2010. Comparing the scale and economic determinants of changes in the state budget deficit and public debt in 2010 in the Central and Eastern European EU member states and in other EU countries we reach the following conclusions: 1) The average scale of the improvement of the economic result of the state budget as % of GDP was higher in the Central and Eastern Europe countries comparing to other EU member states. In the first group of countries, economic results improved on average by 1.1 percentage points, and in the other by 0.75 percentage points. 2) In most Central and Eastern European countries, as well as in most other EU countries the decline in budgetary expenditure, expressed in% of GDP was the only or major determinant of the reduction of the economic deficit of the state budget as % of GDP. Reduction of public spending in GDP was in turn the result of reducing the fiscal growth of nominal spending. In the Central and Eastern European countries in 2010, the nominal budget spending, decreased on average by 0.4%, while in 2009 increased on average by 16.1%. 3) In the rest of the EU average increase in public debt as % of GDP was higher than the average increase in public debt in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. For the rest of the EU member states, public debt at the end of 2010 as % of GDP was by 4.65 percentage points higher than at the end of 2009, and for the Central and Eastern European countries by 4.14 percentage points higher. At the end of 2010 Central and Eastern European countries had significantly lower average level of public debt as % of GDP in comparison with other EU members states (38.9% of GDP and 74.8% of GDP). In most other EU countries there is virtually no limit for increasing the public debt, therefore there is no limit for a high budget deficit. Among Central and Eastern European EU member states only Hungary are in similar situation while Poland is close by. Therefore, most other EU countries and some countries of Central and Eastern Europe must immediately substantially reduce the scale of the economic deficit of the state budget. Countries where public debt is relatively low should not delay further restrictions of the state budget deficit as later on they will have to make this reduction under pressure of time. Above else, high economic deficit negatively impacts the economy, including economic growth. If EU member states fail to implement quickly the low economic state budget defi cit policy, they will plunge into economic recession that will last for many years.
Czynniki ryzyka w polityce międzynarodowej współczesnych Chin
Authors: Kozłowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2019

China’s Power seems to be beyond discussion. People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the fourth biggest state in the world and its population accounts for one sixth of the human race. The Middle Kingdom’s economy is booming, its international status rises, its middle class is growing. All these features prove that PRC has a great political and economic potential. However, the future of China is not yet certain. Political elites of the state will have to face a series of challenges, concerning demography, coexistence of communist state with market economy, rising competition on energy markets, etc. Identifying these potential threats for PRC’s future development is crucial both for the Middle Kingdom in regards to its internal and international politics, and for foreign Powers in regards to their future agenda concerning relations with China.
Indie – przesłanki mocarstwowości
Authors: Modrzejewska-Leśniewska Joanna
Published: March 2019

The fall of the Soviet Bloc started the process of change in global power relations. The existing two powers model was replaced by a new order. Only USA kept their dominating position. Russia was severely weakened and position of countries such as China and Brazil, as well as that of organizations such as European Union, grew stronger. India is also considered a country that can in near future become one of the countries that decide the fates of the World. This fact leads to the question whether in foreseeable future India will become a power and enter the elite group of states that dominate in international affairs. The questions is even more interesting as until recently the attention of media and scientist was concentrated on China as future power. These are the reason why analysis of all the factors that can decide the fate of international position of India is of tremendous importance.
Być Francuzem – analiza debaty publicznej o tożsamości narodowej na podstawie artykułów prasowych oraz publikacji rządowych
Authors: Grzesiakowska Lidia
Published: March 2019

National identity is frequent topic of debates and discussions in the European media, especially during elections and in the countries of the so-called “Old Union” which are characterized by large number of immigrants. This study analyzes the public debate on national identity which took place in France in 2009. The publication presents the political circumstances of the debate, views of significant French newspapers and the official governmental summary of the debate. The applied methodology of research is based on an analysis of the written sources. The following press articles have been the subject of a detailed analysis: “Pourquoi il faut arreter le débat sur l’identité nationale” by B.-H. Lévy, published in Le Point, “L’identité: une occasion manqueé”, by A. Brézet, published in Le Figaro and a government publication: “Séminaire gouvernemental sur l’Identité nationale: propositions validées Hôtel de Matignon” published on: www.gouvernement.fr. The aim of the publication is to determine whether the public debate organized by the French government answered the question: “What does it mean to be a Frenchman”? The final conclusion of the analysis is that the French debate on national identity was more of political than social nature, although it has aroused a significant interest not only of the media, but also among ordinary citizens presenting their views on various internet forums. Furthermore, the opinions of journalists had clearly reflected their political views. None of the analyzed texts, neither the press articles nor the government document, gave an answer to the question asked. Despite the fact that the problem of defining the national identity is important to the French nation, the debate organized by the French government has left everyone unsatisfied and with a feeling of distaste by the debate’s political flavor.
System finansowania programów operacyjnych w Polsce – implikacje dla stanu finansów publicznych
Authors: Kłos Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of financing of operational programs implemented in Poland in the European Union’s financial perspectives 2000–2006 and 2007–2013. Polish membership in the European Union gives the opportunity to obtain additional funds but the possibility of absorption involves costs which Poland has to bear. The author attempts to assess the way in which Poland’s adopted systems for operational programs implemented with the participation of EU structural funds influenced the state of the public finances. System solutions used in Poland have implications for two key measures of the state of public fi nances such that is public debt and budget deficit.
Polityka piątej i szóstej generacji przywódców chińskich. Kontynuacja czy zmiany systemowe?
Authors: Kostrzewa Marek
Published: March 2019

The author analyzes the problem with the vision of Chinese domestic and foreign policy after the 2012 power transfer to the fifth generation of its leaders. It also discusses appointing the sixth generation of leaders, who are to take over in 2022. In the conclusions and key findings, the author highlights that, at present, there is no threat for the process of power transfer to come out from under the control of the CPC, and not to complete in accordance with its mechanism. One should not expect, however, the liberalization of politics and the state system in China. Larger confidence, higher assertiveness and the rise of global ambitions, along with readiness for the change of global norms and institutions will characterize the foreign policy of the new Chinese central authorities. The author assesses that some threat to the continuation of the undertaken reforms can constitute the renaissance of Maoism that can now be seen in China, and which is supported by some politicians. However, its potential is not dangerous enough to change the course of the modernization process in China. There exists an overall consensus among the fifth and sixth generation of leaders in relation to the national goals and strategy of China. The designation of someone from Inner Mongolia by Hu Jintao to become a sixth generation leader will confirm long running concerns of state leadership over domestic separatism, and the threat to the system it brings.
Wybrane problemy wykonywania zadań oświatowych przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Majchrowicz-Jopek Elżbieta
Published: March 2019

Due to complex socio-economic structural factors education seen as a public task (executed by the State governmental administration and local government) becomes subject to privatisation and deregulation process, in line with the subsidiarity principle. The article discusses theoretic grounds for the issue of performing public tasks according to the classic perspective as well as the concept of new public management; it also presents doubts and concerns related to privatisation of public tasks and privatisation of performing public tasks. Basis problems of school management (instituting, administering and closure) have been outlined in light of doctrine and administrative courts’ jurisprudence. The articles sketches alternative institutional forms of educational tasks’ execution, including schools administered by non-public entities. Trends in the public and non-public compulsory school sector have been exemplified by the relevant statistics. Furthermore, the article describes the prospects of developments in schooling run by local government units as well as possible legal amendments and examples of already taken initiatives. Finally, the Author attempts to assess the proposals for legal foundation of privatisation of educational tasks, in terms of ensuring equal access to education and achieving social cohesion.
Aesthetic Outcomes of Intra-Umbilical Incision vs Infra-Umbilical Incision in Postpartum Tubal Sterilization: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chirdchim Watcharin , Wanichsetakul Preecha , Patumanond Jayanton
Published: March 2019

Background: An incision inside the umbilicus is popular used in single port surgery intra-umbilical skin incision surgeries have been proven efficient and safe. When compared to infra-umbilical skin incisions, an incision wound was invisible after the operation. Why not use intra-umbilical skin incision in postpartum tubal sterilization.

Objective: To compare aesthetic scores of an incision wound, surgical time and complications in postpartum sterilization under infra-umbilical and intra-umbilical skin incision.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in Prapokkhlo Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand. Patients (n = 58) with informed consents were randomly assigned to one of the two skin incision techniques for postpartum sterilization (n = 29 for each arm). Surgical times were recorded. Both the patients and an independent physician made wound aesthetic assessments one week after the operation using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scores (POSAS), which compares the wound to the nearby skin. T tests and exact probability statistical tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results: The surgeon’s POSAS scores in intra-umbilical incisions were significantly closer to normal skin than those in infra-umbilical incisions (6.8 ± 1.5 vs 12.5 ± 5.0; P < .001). A similar finding was observed for patient POSAS scores (6.5 ± 1.2 vs 15.4 ± 5.0; P < .001). The operation times were also shorter (9.1 ± 2.8 vs 11.8 ± 4.7 minutes; P = .009). Neither intra-abdominal injuries nor wound infections were observed.

Conclusions: Postpartum sterilization using intra-umbilical skin incision was more efficient in regard to aesthetic concerns and operation time.
إستطلاع آراء الطلبة في خدمات العلاقات العامة والتسجيل والإرشاد، دراسة حالة عن جامعة البترا للعام الدراسي 2013/2014.
Authors: الدليمي عبد الرزاق محمد , سلطان محمد صاحب
Published: March 2019

يتناول البحث عبر دراسة ميدانية خدمات العلاقات العامة والتسجيل والإرشاد الأكاديمي للعام الدراسي 2013/2014 من خلال استطلاع آراء طلبة جامعة البترا، بشأن تلك الخدمات والتعرف على دقائق الأمور التفصيلية لما تؤديه العلاقات العامة في الجامعة كدائرة متخصصة تعنى بشؤون تقديم الخدمات للجمهور وكسب ثقته في إطار ما هو مشروع وممكن لبناء وتدعيم سمعة الجامعة وتحقيق الثقة المتبادلة بينها وبين جماهيرها، حيث تعد حلقة الوصول التي تساعد على تناغم وتنسيق العلاقات بين الجامعة بإدارتها العليا ومنتسبيها وطلبتها، وكذلك الحال بالنسبة لما يقدمه الإرشاد الأكاديمي ودائرة القبول والتسجيل من خدمات للطلبة وتقديم المشورة وتوفير المعرفة والمهارة اللازمة، لتحقيق تكيف الطلبة مع بيئتهم الجامعية.

وبحثنا يركز على ما قدمته تلك الدوائر من أنشطة تنسيقية وخدماتية تقف العلاقات العامة في صدارتها بعد أن أصبحت ضرورة حتمية في مختلف عمل القطاع الجامعي، حيث تعد أداة أساسية لنمو وتطور الجامعة ونشاطها الأكاديمي والتربوي، وكجزء أساسي متكامل مع مختلف مكونات وأجزاء الهيكل التنظيمي للجامعة.
Avrupa Komisyonu Türkiye İlerleme Raporlarında Eğitim: 1998-2018 Yıllarına İlişkin Bir İnceleme
Authors: Bağlıbel Murat , Samancıoğlu Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne üyelik müzakereleri sürecinde yayınlanan İlerleme Raporlarında gündeme gelen eğitime ilişkin konuların incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1998-2018 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan İlerleme Raporları nitel araştırma yaklaşımıyla incelenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında doküman incelemesi yöntemi, verilerin analizi aşamasında ise içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucunda, 75 kod, 10 kategori ve 3 tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Belirlenen temalar örgün eğitim, yaygın eğitim ve kurumsal kapasite geliştirme olarak isimlendirilmiştir. İlerleme Raporlarında en çok, örgün eğitim temasındaki konuların gündeme geldiği görülmüştür. Bunu yaygın eğitim ve kurumsal kapasite geliştirme temaları izlemektedir. En çok gündeme gelen konular ise yaygın eğitim teması altındaki hayat boyu öğrenme ile örgün eğitim teması altındaki mesleki teknik eğitim ve dezavantajlı gruplardır. Ek olarak, İlerleme Raporlarında eğitime ilişkin konuların en çok 2015 -2018 yıllarında ele alındığı, 2006-2014 yılları arasında ise daha az gündeme geldiği görülmüştür. Son olarak, Raporlarda gündeme gelen konular kapsamında atılabilecek adımlara ilişkin önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
FATİH Projesi ile Eğitimde Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Yol Alındı?
Authors: Bozkuş Kıvanç , Karacabey Mehmet Fatih
Published: March 2019

Araştırmanın amacı FATİH Projesi aracılığıyla eğitimde bilişim teknolojilerinin kullanımında gelinen noktayı proje koordinatörlerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim döneminde Şanlıurfa ilinde görev yapan 10 proje koordinatörü oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler görüşme tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Alanyazın ve uzman görüşlerine göre hazırlanan 10 açık uçlu sorunun yer aldığı bir görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Proje kapsamında okulların akıllı tahta, çok fonksiyonlu yazıcı-fotokopi makinesi, tablet ve internet ile donatıldığı fakat öğretmenlere yeterli eğitimlerin verilemediği belirlenmiştir. Projenin öğretmenin soru çözümleri için harcadığı zamanı azalttığı, soyut kavramları somutlaştırmada kolaylık sağladığı, öğrencilerin derse ilgisini arttırdığı katılımcılar tarafından ifade edilmiştir. Akıllı tahta ve tabletlerdeki uygulamaların daha da geliştirilmesi gerektiği, öğretmenlerin akıllı tahta kullanmak istemedikleri, tabletlerin öğretmenler tarafından amacına uygun olarak kullanılmadığı, içerik ve materyal konusundaki eksiklerden dolayı birçok öğretmenin şikayetçi olduğu, içeriklerin geliştirilmesi, çoğaltılması ve yenilenmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir.
Okul Öncesi Dönemde Anne-Çocuk Birlikte Hikâye Kitabı Okuma Davranışlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Arıcı Müberra , Tüfekci Akcan Aysel
Published: March 2019

Araştırmanın amacı annelerin çocukları ile birlikte hikâye kitabı okuma davranışlarının incelenmesidir. Betimsel tarama modelinde desenlenen araştırmanın örneklemi çocukları anasınıflarına devam eden 436 anneden oluşmaktadır. Veriler ÇEBOE (Çocuk Ebeveyn Birlikte Okuma Etkinlikleri Ölçeği) ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiklere ek olarak, Student’s t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve Kruskal-Wallis H testi uygulanmıştır.  Yapılan analizler sonucunda annelerin birlikte etkileşimli okuma, birlikte okumaya yönelik görüşler ve okuryazarlığın önemi boyutlarını her zaman, okuryazarlık öğretimini ara sıra ve okuryazarlığa model olma boyutunu nadiren gerçekleştirdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, annelerin çocukları ile birlikte okuma davranışlarının, anne eğitim düzeyi ve sahip olunan çocuk sayısına göre; çocuklarına kitap okuma sıklıklarına, kitap okumaya ayırdıkları zamana, çocuklarıyla birlikte okuyabilecekleri kitap sayısına ve çocuklarına ilk kitabı alma yaşına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür.
Essential oils composition of Pinus peuce Griseb. (Pinaceae) growing on Pelister Mtn., Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Karapandzova Marija , Stefkov Gjose , Kulevanova Svetlana
Published: March 2019

The composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from needles, from branches without needles and from branches with needles of Pinus peuce Griseb. (Pinaceae) from Pelister Mtn. (R. Macedonia) was analyzed by GC/FID/MS. One hundred and seven components (40 monoterpenes, 37 sesquiterpenes, 9 diterpenes and 21 other components - aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons; aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and acids; phenols and other oxygenated benzene derivates) were identified. The most abundant constituents were terpene hydrocarbons, encompassing the monoterpenes: α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene + β-phellandrene and bornyl acetate and the sesquiterpenes: trans (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D.
TLC and GC-MS Analyses of Essential Oil Isolated from Macedonian Foeniculi fructus
Authors: Najdoska Menče , Bogdanov Jane , Zdravkovski Zoran
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of Foeniculi fructus, the ripe fruit from the plant Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ssp. vulgare var. dulce Batt. and Trab. (sweet fennel, македонски анасон) was isolated and the main components were identified and quantified using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Aetherloeum Foeniculi had pale yellow color and characteristic pleasant odor and was obtained in 3.2% yield (by weight from the plant fruits). The main components of the oil were: trans-anethole, 1,
(70%), p-anisaldehyde, 2, (19%) estragole, 3, (6%) and anisacetone, 4, (2%). The identity of the components was determined by matching the mass spectra to the library spectra. The identity of the main component, trans-anethole, was confirmed directly by isolation using column chromatography and indirectly by potassium permanganate oxidation of the essential oil. The oxidation product from this reaction, pmethoxybenzoic acid, 16, was isolated and characterized. The potential products of autooxidation of trans-anethole (epoxy anethole, anethole glycol and 16) were not detected in the freshly obtained essential oils.
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors (iGluRs): Overview of iGluR2 ligand binding domain in complex with agonists and antagonists
Authors: Serafimoska Zorica , N. Johansen Tommy , Frydenvang Karla , Suturkova Ljubica
Published: March 2019

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) constitute a family of ligand gated ion channels subdivided in three classes, NMDA, AMPA (iGluA1-4) and KA (1-5) according to the agonists that selectively activate them. iGluRs are tetrameric assemblies of highly homologous
receptor subunits. They are critically important for normal brain function and are considered to be involved on neurological disorders and degenerative diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, brain damage following stroke and epilepsy. Since the first publication of the structure of recombinant soluble protein of ligand binding domain of GluA2 extensive studies on this group of receptors were performed and many crystal structures as complexes of GluA2-LBD with agonists, partial agonists and antagonists were obtained. The structural information in combination with functional data makes good platform for consecutive investigation and design of new selective drugs
which will be used in treatment of neurodegerative diseases.
Determination of Rocuronium bromide by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)
Authors: Nakov Natalija , Petkovska Rumenka , Ugrinova Liljana , Trajkovic-Jolevska Suzana , Dimitrovska Aneta
Published: March 2019

A new method involving hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has been developed for determination of rocuronium bromide in presents of its main impurities (impurity A and impurity C), which are also its main degradation products, in solution for injection. The influence of the critical chromatographic parameters such as content of acetonitrile in the mobile phase, ionic strength and pH value of the buffer used in the mobile phase were investigated using the Design of experiments approach (DoE). The mechanism of retention of rocuronium bromide on bare silica column was also investigated. Optimal chromatographic conditions were obtained using mixture of acetonitrile and ammonium formate (107.5mM, pH 7.0) in ratio 90:10 as a mobile phase. The validation results have shown that the method is suitable for determination of rocuronium bromid in solution for injection.
El Plan Nacional de Educación y Patrimonio crea la Red Internacional de Educación Patrimonial
Authors: Fontal Olaia , Ibáñez Alex , Cuenca José M.ª , Martín Lorenzo
Published: March 2019

Fruto del II Congreso Internacional de Educación Patrimonial, que tuvo lugar en octubre de 2014 en Madrid, es la creación de la Red Internacional de Educación Patrimonial / International Network on Heritage Education (RIEP/INHE). Esta red internacional será gestionada desde el Plan Nacional de Educación y Patrimonio y servirá para establecer mecanismos de coordinación, difusión y colaboración en educación patrimonial entre profesionales de diferentes países, instituciones y ámbitos educativos. Contará inicialmente con representantes de 15 países de Europa, América, África y Asia.
Dominique Perrault: “El sector público sigue manteniendo el liderazgo político en la patrimonialización de la ciudad contemporánea, a pesar de la falta de inversión”
Authors: Mosquera Adell Eduardo , Pérez Cano María Teresa
Published: March 2019

Dominique Perrault  (Clermont-Ferrand, 1953) es arquitecto diplomado por la Escuela Nacional Superior de Bellas Artes de París.Ha concedido esta entrevista a revista PH para hablar de sus últimos trabajos relacionados con el patrimonio y su visión personal del mismo desde su posición decididamente contemporánea. Fue realizada por los arquitectos Eduardo Mosquera Adell y María Teresa Pérez Cano, respectivamente profesores de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas y de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio en la Universidad de Sevilla, y docentes del Máster en Arquitectura y Patrimonio Histórico.
Sevilla, Patrimonio Mundial: guía cultural interactiva para dispositivos móviles
Authors: Mascort-Albea Emilio J. , Ruiz-Jaramillo Jonathan , López Larrínaga Francisco , De la Peña Bernal Apolinar
Published: March 2019

El conjunto monumental más representativo de la ciudad de Sevilla está constituido por la Catedral, el Alcázar y el Archivo de Indias. En el año 1987, este excepcional grupo de edificios fue declarado Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO. Desde entonces, son continuas las iniciativas destinadas a su correcta conservación y puesta en valor.El proyecto presentado reflexiona sobre la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias que incrementen el interés por el Patrimonio Cultural de las ciudades históricas, a través de una mejor comprensión de sus bienes. Con tal fin se ha recurrido al uso de infraestructuras de datos espaciales, herramientas concebidas para gestionar y publicar la información a diferentes escalas y niveles de complejidad. De este modo, se presenta el diseño de una aplicación smartphone que integra mapas de carácter interactivo y apuesta por el uso de nuevos formatos divulgativos relacionados con las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.El resultado final se ha materializado en una guía cultural disponible en cinco idiomas, que utiliza la tecnología cartográfica aportada por la Gerencia de Urbanismo del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla y se difunde a través de los canales proporcionados por el Consorcio de Turismo de la ciudad. Accediendo a los contenidos diseñados por investigadores de la Universidad de Sevilla, el usuario puede consultar información relativa a los monumentos y su entorno, recorriendo sus principales espacios y obteniendo datos de interés sobre sus obras de arte más representativas.Con esta experiencia de carácter multidisciplinar se ha desarrollado un proyecto pionero, que aporta una estructura de conocimiento novedosa y susceptible de ser aplicada en numerosas tipologías arquitectónicas y artísticas. De este modo, se demuestra el elevado potencial que posee el uso de las herramientas espaciales y geográficas para fines divulgativos, en relación con bienes patrimoniales de carácter histórico.
El patrimonio como constructo político y su potencial reflexivo
Authors: López López Juan de Dios
Published: March 2019

En esta contribución al debate en torno a las relaciones entre ciudadanía y agentes patrimoniales se parte de la necesidad de considerar el patrimonio como un constructo socio-político, y los procesos de patrimonialización como un espacio de conflicto, a la hora de abordar las posibilidades de la participación social en contextos de producción patrimonial. Se propone el fomento de la pluralidad interpretativa y la potenciación del carácter reflexivo de los procesos de patrimonialización como instrumentos para la adopción de un paradigma más democrático y participativo en la toma de decisiones patrimoniales. Finalmente, se estiman las posibilidades de la antropología social para ejercer funciones mediadoras en contextos de conflicto patrimonial.