bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the violence experienced by sexual minorities: Sampling, data collection strategies, and population heterogeneity
Authors: Lejbowicz Tania , Trachman Mathieu
Published: April 2021

Based on data from the VIRAGE (Violence and Gender Relations: INED, 2015–2016) survey, this article explores reports of violence in minority populations through the case of family violence reported by members of sexual minorities. VIRAGE provides two samples of homo-/bisexual respondents who answered the same questionnaire: a volunteer sample recruited through a communications campaign, who responded via Internet; and respondents to a general population telephone survey who identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual. Sexual identification is a sensitive issue, and surveys of private households do not necessarily capture either all victims of violence or all of those who identify as homosexual or bisexual. The general population sample thus cannot be considered representative of these groups. Lesbian and bisexual women in both samples reported more family violence than gay and bisexual men. Homo-/bisexual respondents in VIRAGE’s convenience sample reported more experiences of violence than those in its general population sample. This difference may be explained by various factors: effects of the data collection mode, and of data collection strategies more generally, as well as the heterogeneity of populations in terms of either exposure to violence or the propensity to report it. We use logistic regression methods to understand these differences, controlling for the differences between the characteristics of the respondents in the two samples. In addition to sociodemographic characteristics, we hypothesized that sexual trajectories and practices of sociability among homosexuals and bisexuals could affect the reporting and perception of violence. After these analyses, differences remain, but to a variable extent depending on sex, sexual identification, and forms of violence. The resulting models explain the differences in reporting between samples for men less well than for women. This result can be interpreted as the consequence of a difference between women’s and men’s exposure to violence: independently of the effects of data collection mode and sampling differences, the high probability that female sexual minorities will experience family violence leads to relatively high reporting in the two samples.
Facilitating resonance: Brokerage in indigenous activism
Authors: Bräuchler Birgit
Published: April 2021

Putting forward a synergetic combination of three concepts – brokerage, indigeneity and resonance – this article investigates how brokers in Indonesia support indigenous communities in their struggle for citizen and human rights. It investigates the emergence of broker chains and multi-scalar activism that are needed to translate from the local – in this case the Aru Islands in Eastern Indonesia – to the global and vice versa. It engages with established and tracks the emergence of new brokers and analyses their strategies to produce resonance and mobilise for resistance on various scales, with media, arts and religion being main fields of engagement, and studies the challenges they face. The article thus explores the concept of brokerage within new fields and uses brokerage as an analytical lens to explore processes of mobilisation, relationship-building and identity construction.
Changes in renal and metabolic indices after switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate– to tenofovir alafenamide–containing ART among individuals with HIV in Canada: A retrospective study
Authors: Shokoohi Mostafa , Gupta Meenakshi , Crouzat Fred , Smith Graham , Kovacs Colin , Brunetta Jason , Chang Benny , Knox David , Acsai Megan , Merkley Barry , Giolma Kevin , Fletcher David , Loutfy Mona
Published: April 2021

We assessed renal and metabolic changes associated with switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)– to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)–containing regimens among patients with HIV at the Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Canada. Using an electronic medical records retrospective chart review from July 2005 to December 2019, 651 patients aged ≥16 years taking TDF-containing regimens for ≥6 months who switched to TAF-containing regimens for ≥6 months were included. Change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was examined at 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included change in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol markers, HbA1C, and weight. After 12 months, eGFR increased in 63% of the baseline eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 group (mean change [SD] = +5.1 [10.8], p = 0.002), 52% for the baseline eGFR = 60–90 mL/min/1.73 m2 group (+0.5 [10.4], p = 0.490), and 26% for baseline eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2 group (−7.2 [11.2], p <0.001). The multivariable generalized estimating equations model showed a significant reduction in eGFR after 12 months. Advanced age, HCV coinfection, and being switched to or on integrase inhibitors were significantly associated with reduced eGFR. Among secondary outcomes, ALP significantly decreased, while high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and weight significantly increased. Our findings suggest that TDF-to-TAF switching was beneficial for those with preexisting renal impairment (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2).
IndiGo: Cruising in Market but Crashing Within
Authors: Kulshrestha Reeti , Sahay Arunaditya , Sengupta Subhanjan
Published: April 2021

M. Damodaran,1 chairman IndiGo, has a lot on his plate, and the servings are not over yet. What happened on 26 April 2019, was just a precursor to what was eventually to follow. Aditya Ghosh,2 the longstanding director of InterGlobe3 for 10 years, resigned from his position, making way for Greg Taylor4 as president and chief executive officer (CEO). Rahul Bhatia5 became the interim CEO. This, ironically, happened when the airline had bagged in traffic rights to as many as 15 countries, including France, UK and Germany. The most ill-timed dispute between the two co-founders of IndiGo, Rakesh Gangwal6 and Rahul Bhatia, which had been brewing for about a year, came out in the open on 16 July 2019, at the most inopportune moment. Rakesh Gangwal alleged violations of corporate governance rule at IndiGo7 and requested the Securities and Exchange Board of India8 (SEBI) to intervene. The feud between the founders of InterGlobe Aviation Ltd. opened a can of worms, although Gangwal was not inclined to sell or raise his stakes. Analysts wondered about the timing of the complaints to SEBI: Why now? Will IndiGo be able to come out of this predicament or follow Kingfisher and Jet Airways’ footsteps?11 Will it be yet another episode of shallow vested interests? Will this lead to the downfall of IndiGo,12 or will it survive the turbulence and keep flying like a phoenix?
Characteristics of Provider-Focused Research on Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Goel Anurag Ratan , Elhassan Hana , Patterson Melissa , Reid M. Carrington
Published: April 2021

Background:

The use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) continues to grow in palliative care. While research supports the use of many CIM therapies for symptom relief, the scope of provider-focused research on CIM remains poorly characterized.

Objectives:

We conducted a scoping review to characterize provider-focused research on CIM in palliative care in order to map existing evidence and identify knowledge gaps.

Methods:

We developed a protocol outlining the study population, concept, and context; then used a validated approach per the JBI manual and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and AMED.

Results:

We identified 34 studies that were conducted primarily in the US (n = 9) and UK (n = 6), focused mostly on nurse (n = 29) and physician (n = 22) providers, and employed questionnaires (n = 16) or qualitative (n = 15) methods. Studies investigated 58 CIM modalities, including massage (n = 13), music therapy (n = 12), and aromatherapy (n = 10), to address common symptoms including pain (n = 17), fatigue (n = 6), and nausea/vomiting (n = 6). Study outcomes included perceived benefits of CIM (n = 17) and types of CIM modalities that providers offer (n = 15). Uncommonly studied phenomena included referral patterns (n = 4), facilitators of provider recommendation of CIM (n = 3), and rates of CIM use (n = 3).

Conclusion:

Provider-focused research on CIM in palliative care can expand its scope by addressing perspectives of interdisciplinary providers, examining CIM modalities that patients report using, addressing symptoms commonly encountered in palliative care, and researching provider-use-focused outcomes. We identify these possibilities for future studies in addition to opportunities for systematic investigations to enhance the safe and efficacious delivery of CIM in the palliative care setting.
Between Tradition and the Future: On Metrics and Performance Indicators for the Faculty of Law at University of São Paulo
Authors: Stocco Ranieri Nina Beatriz
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to explore the possibilities of constructing performance indicators for the Faculty of Law (FL) at the University of São Paulo (USP), aiming to use them as instruments capable of institutional evaluation and as metrics capable of national and international comparisons, looking to strengthen their reputation. The construction of qualitative research indicators for law courses takes into account that objectives and results in graduate and postgraduate courses are diverse, and that there are different actors involved in these processes. Moreover, for intellectual production as well as articles and books, there are various extension activities expressed in sentences, decisions, judgments, and drafting of legislation—of huge social impact—which are not taken into account by performance analyses. Finally, it must be borne in mind that Faculties of Law were traditionally created to operate within national systems.
Do Coronal or Sagittal Plane Measurements Have the Highest Accuracy to Arthroscopically Diagnose Syndesmotic Instability?
Authors: Bhimani Rohan , Lubberts Bart , Sornsakrin Pongpanot , Massri-Pugin Jafet , Waryasz Gregory , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Guss Daniel
Published: April 2021

Background:

To compare the accuracy of arthroscopic sagittal versus coronal plane distal tibiofibular motion toward diagnosing syndesmotic instability.

Methods:

Arthroscopic assessment of the syndesmosis was performed on 21 above-knee cadaveric specimens, first with all ligaments intact and subsequently with sequential transection of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, the interosseous ligament, the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, and the deltoid ligament. A lateral hook test, an anterior-to-posterior (AP) translation test, and a posterior-to-anterior (PA) translation test were performed under 100 N of applied force. Anterior and posterior third coronal plane diastasis and AP and PA sagittal plane fibular translations were measured relative to the static tibia.

Results:

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) was higher for the combined AP and PA sagittal measurements (AUC, 0.91; accuracy, 83.5%; sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 89%) than the coronal plane measurements (anterior third: AUC, 0.65; accuracy, 60.5%; sensitivity, 63%; specificity, 59%; posterior third: AUC, 0.73; accuracy, 68.5%; sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 57%) ( P < .001), underscoring the higher accuracy of sagittal plane measurements.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic measurement of sagittal plane fibular translation is more accurate than coronal plane diastasis for evaluating syndesmotic instability.

Clinical Relevance:

Clinicians should focus on distal tibiofibular motion in the sagittal plane when arthroscopically evaluating suspected syndesmotic instability.

Level of Evidence:

Biomechanical cadaveric study.
Validation of the postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity screening criteria: A retrospective Italian analysis
Authors: Caruggi Samuele , Scaramuzzi Matteo , Calevo Maria Grazia , Priolo Enrico , Sposetti Lorenza , Camicione Paola , Ramenghi Luca Antonio , Serafino Massimiliano
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of childhood blindness. The aim of our study is to validate the new screening criteria elaborated by the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) study group in a monocentric cohort of Italian preterm infants.

Methods:

We retrospectively applied the G-ROP screening criteria to a cohort of preterm infants born between May 2015 and July 2020 with known birth weight, gestational age, serial weight measurement, and known ROP outcome. Primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of ROP detection, especially of treatment requiring ROP. Secondary outcomes were reduction of ophthalmologic examinations and of infants requiring screening.

Results:

We retrospectively evaluated 595 children and 475 were included in our study. Of them, 119 developed any type ROP, 39 developed type 1 ROP, and 28 underwent treatment. G-ROP criteria predicted 39 of 39 cases of type 1 ROP (100% sensitivity and specificity). Sensitivity and specificity for detection of treated ROP were 100%. Considering any type ROP detection, sensitivity was 87.4% and specificity was 100%. Our analysis showed that screening could be avoided in 50% of patients, resulting in a 29% reduction of the number of examinations.

Conclusions:

Our study validates the new G-ROP screening protocol in a monocentric cohort of premature infants. We demonstrate that all Type 1 ROP and requiring treatment ROP could be found even with a reduction of eye examinations.
Retinotomy and retinectomy for anterior inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy: Can visual outcome be improved?
Authors: Hocaoglu Mumin , Karacorlu Murat , Giray Ersoz M. , Sayman Muslubas Isil , Arf Serra
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

To describe the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of retinotomy/retinectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) complicated anterior inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods:

Retrospective, nonrandomized, single-center case series. The outcomes of 126 cases of retinotomy/retinectomy for RD complicated by advanced (Grade C) anterior inferior PVR managed consistently by one surgeon during a 15-year period were evaluated.

Results:

Forty-two eyes (33%) had primary RDs and 84 (67%) had recurrent RDs. The extent of retinotomy/retinectomy varied: 90° in 21 eyes (17%), >90° to <180° in 49 eyes (39%), and ⩾180° to ⩽240° in 56 eyes (44%). The retinotomy/retinectomy location was peripheral in 58 eyes (46%) and equatorial in 68 eyes (54%). The mean follow-up period was 43 ± 42 months. The silicone oil (SO) was removed from 98% of the eyes. The single-operation success rate after the primary retinectomy was 87%, and the final attachment rate was 94%. Visual acuity improved from 20/630 to 20/160 ( p < 0.001). Vision ⩾20/200 was achieved in 101 eyes (80%). Good visual outcome was correlated positively with preoperative VA ( p = 0.02), previous vitrectomy with gas tamponade ( p = 0.007), and was negatively correlated with number of previous RD operations ( p = 0.01), larger extent of RD ( p = 0.02) and more extensive retinotomy/retinectomy ( p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

An appropriate and timely intervention, including vitrectomy alone, inferior relaxing retinotomy/retinectomy and standard SO tamponade provide satisfactory outcomes for RDs complicated by PVR. Lesser extension of grade C PVR at baseline, such as PVR limited to one quadrant should encourage vitreoretinal specialists to consider retinotomy/retinectomy at a milder clinical stage of PVR development.
Posterior chamber collamer phakic intraocular lens implantation: Comparison of efficacy and safety for low and moderate-to-high myopia
Authors: Pinto Christophe , Monteiro Tiago , Franqueira Nuno , Faria-Correia Fernando , Mendes José , Vaz Fernando
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

To compare visual, refractive and safety outcomes of central-hole posterior chamber collamer phakic intraocular lens implantation for low and moderate-to-high myopia.

Subjects/methods:

This retrospective cohort study included 338 eyes submitted to posterior chamber collamer phakic intraocular lens implantation that completed a 12-month postoperative follow-up. Two groups were defined depending on preoperative spherical equivalent: group 1 comprised 106 eyes with manifest spherical equivalent of −6.00 D or less; group 2 comprised 232 eyes with manifest spherical equivalent higher than −6.00 D. Effectiveness, predictability, stability and safety outcomes were compared preoperatively and at 1, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:

At 1-year postoperative, uncorrected and corrected visual acuities were 0.02 ± 0.17 and −0.01 ± 0.12 logMAR (group 1) and 0.04 ± 0.20 and 0.01 ± 0.16 logMAR (group 2), with an efficacy index of 1.05 ± 0.17 and 1.17 ± 0.28. Respectively, 92 (86.8%) and 199 (85.8%) eyes were within ±0.50 D of targeted refraction, and postoperative manifest refraction changes were −0.07 ± 0.25 D and −0.07 ± 0.35 D. Intraocular pressure did not change significantly. The mean rate of endothelial cell loss was 1.12% and 1.10%, respectively. One case of anterior subcapsular cataract (group 2) was observed. ICL exchange occurred in one case (group 1) and three cases (group 2). No vision-threatening complications were reported.

Conclusion:

The posterior chamber collamer phakic intraocular lens implantation demonstrated high visual and refractive efficacy with an excellent safety profile for the correction of both low and moderate-to-high myopia, revealing equivalent 1-year outcomes regardless of the degree of preoperative myopia.
Embodiments and frictions of statehood in transnational criminal justice
Authors: Stambøl Eva Magdalena , Solhjell Randi
Published: April 2021

Outside of criminology, dominant conceptions of postcolonial statehood in the Global South as ‘fragile’ or ‘failed’ have long been criticized. In criminology, however, the theoretical outcomes of this critique have been scarce. In this article we therefore ask how ideals and practices of transnational criminal justice are informed by and productive of specific (Global North) conceptions of statehood. Exploring encounters between transnational and local criminal justice in the context of international state-building in Mali and Liberia, we observe frictions in which statehood divergences and global hierarchies become apparent. Through penal aid, we argue, a particular kind of penal statehood is produced wherein the options of how to perform penality are increasingly limited by the embeddedness in global power asymmetries.
A fighting fetish: On transnational police and their warlike presentation of self
Authors: Sausdal David
Published: April 2021

Transnational police readily use martial language in the stories they tell about their work. Their actual work, however, tells a different and less dramatic story. Why, then, do they insist on these warlike tales? Why is there a discrepancy between the self-representation of transnational policing and its reality? Using an ethnographic study, this article provides some answers. First, it includes an overview of three established explanations of the inclination of transnational police to represent their work in warlike terms. Next, an additional reading is presented. Building on Reiner’s discussion of “police fetishism”, this reading proposes that transnational policing actors have an idée fixe about their own professional inevitability. They blindly believe that policing must exist, but also that it has to be done combatively to truly work. In conclusion, the article contemplates what the existence of such a “fighting fetish” means in both theoretical and reform terms.
Role of police in preventing the spread of COVID-19 through social distancing, quarantine and lockdown: An evidence-based comparison of outcomes across two districts
Authors: Kumar T K Vinod
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a formidable challenge to societies and governments across the world. The non-medical interventions of social distancing, quarantine and lockdown have been adopted to prevent transmission of the disease by contact. In some countries, police have been used to enforce public health laws. This research analyses data from two districts in the State of Kerala, India to examine whether police efforts had any impact on the outcome of reducing transmission of the disease by contact. Analysing the different methods used by the police across the two districts, this study concludes that police efforts at non-medical interventions reduce the spread of the disease. The study also concludes that, in contrast to mere enforcement of public health laws and regulations, the strategic use of resources is an important factor in achieving better outcomes.
The bad environmentalism of ‘nature is healing’ memes
Authors: Bosworth Kai
Published: April 2021

What can memes teach us about shifting popular-cultural understandings of nature? While a certain form of environmentalism with proclivities for dour, self-righteous, sentimental, or apocalyptic tones is often taken to be hegemonic, Nicole Seymour argues that a more irreverent ‘low environmental culture’ should not be occluded. Humor and irony can serve as emotional registers for environmental media that provide openings for the emergence of playful environmentalisms perhaps more amenable to a diverse audience. Such ‘bad environmentalism’ mobilizes humor by transgressing the emotional norms of piety within environmentalism. This article deepens the concept of bad environmentalism through an examination of the emergence of ‘nature is healing’ memes during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Implicitly critical of nefarious arguments that the death-dealing pandemic would provide a ‘pause for nature’ and thus that ‘humans were the real virus’, the formal and easily reproduced ‘nature is healing’ genre subverts conventional understandings of ‘the natural’ as well as the naturalization of social order and political economy. In particular, I extend Seymour’s argument – and pop cultural studies of the environment – by parsing five modes through which the ‘nature is healing’ genre plays ironically on differing understandings of the natural. These are the out-of-place in nature; nature out-of-place; drawing attention to a naturalized social order; naturalizing social transformation; and absurdity in the natural world. Close attention to different modes of humor provides insight into the ambivalence of affect within ecological and political movements; ‘bad affect’ can, after all, produce careful and critical aesthetics. Such research demonstrates the utility of a widened and potentially counterhegemonic repertoire of affective responses to environmental and political crisis.
Discriminatory Behavior in Nursing Persist Regardless of Antidiscriminatory Legislation
Authors: van der Heever M. M. , van der Merwe A. S.
Published: April 2021

Discriminatory behavior seems to persist in nursing in South Africa despite the presence of antidiscriminatory legislation. Little is known on the views of nurses on discrimination related to their basic rights in the workplace. The objective of this article is to report findings of discriminatory behavior among nurses regarding race, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, and marital status. A cross-sectional descriptive survey (containing open- and close-ended questions) was conducted in public and private hospitals in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces of South Africa and n = 573 (response rate 83%) registered nurses participated in the study. Most participants reported discrimination due to race ( n = 97, 17.4%) and age ( n = 58,10.4%). Statistically significant differences were found in that African nurses reported more discrimination in relation to religion than other races. A statistically significant difference was found in the responses to gender—more males than female nurses reported discriminatory behavior. Qualitative data reflected suggestions of hetero negativity among male nurses and that sexual orientation might enhance the promotion of those like oneself. Younger nurses are treated less respectful, while older nurses reported reduced developmental opportunities. African nurses described more discrimination due to race and are treated with disdain. Staff shortages, nurse staffing, and shift work seemingly enhance discriminatory practices with off duties. Nurses in the hospital environment seem to experience discrimination in relation to basic human rights resulting from an indifference among nurse management to uphold such rights.
Misdiagnosis of Pyoderma Gangrenosum Increases Medical Costs and Prolongs Hospital Stay: A Case Report
Authors: Na Ho D. , Yan Hongfei , Park Chul H.
Published: April 2021

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, immunological ulcerative, and necrotic inflammatory skin disease that can be easily misdiagnosed as cellulitis, abscess, diabetic foot ulcer, and other infectious diseases. Misdiagnosing PG leads to unnecessary surgical incision and debridement, which further exacerbates the lesion, ultimately leading to longer treatment periods and higher medical costs. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of PG is extremely important for its treatment. In particular, PG should be suspected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Injection-rolling nozzle in an imprint system with continuous injection direct rolling for ultra-thin microstructure guide light plate
Authors: Lou Yan , Chen Kewei , Zhou Xiangwei , Feng Yanfeng
Published: April 2021

A novel Injection-rolling Nozzle (IRN) in an imprint system with continuous injection direct rolling (CIDR) for ultra-thin microstructure polymer guide light plates was developed to achieve uniform flow velocity and temperature at the width direction of the cavity exit. A novel IRN cavity was designed. There are eight of feature parameters of cavity were optimized by orthogonal experiments and numerical simulation. Results show that the flow velocity at the width direction of the IRN outlet can reach uniformity, which is far better than that of traditional cavity. The smallest flow velocity difference and temperature difference was 0.6 mm/s and 0.24 K, respectively. The superior performance of the IRN was verified through a CIDR experiment. Several 0.35-mm thick, 340-mm wide, and 10-m long microstructural Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) guide light plates were manufactured. The average filling rates of the microgrooves with the aspect ratio 1:3 reached above 93%. The average light transmittance is 88%.
Bentonite-based composites with ceramic and metallic powders additions for use as filters
Authors: Matei Simona , Stoicanescu Maria , Bela Varga , Tiron Elena , Crisan Aurel
Published: April 2021

This paper represents the study of bentonite matrix composite reinforced with ceramic (Al2O3 and SiC) and metallic (Al and Fe) particles for the production of filters. Ceramic powders were used to generate pores and metallic particles to control the pore size (to finish them). These materials were added to composites in two stages. In the first stage, the ceramic particles (Al2O3 and SiC) were added to the bentonite matrix, thus obtaining two types of composites. In the second stage, for each type of composite, metallic powders of Al and Fe were added. The composites was prepared by mixing the components, cold pressing for compaction in cylindrical samples and, at the end, sintering at 1250°C. The samples thus produced underwent studies by optical and electron microscopy, diffractometry, dilatometry and thermal analysis and tests to determine the compressive strength and the porosity. Thus, there was obtained useful information regarding the behaviour and impact of the reinforcing materials in the process of producing the composites, and on their impact on the final properties of the composites produced.
Revisiting Political Polarisation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Jakarta’s Electorate
Authors: Afrimadona
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the nature and extent of ideological predispositions of the Jakarta electorate. Using a survey of a random sample of voting-aged Jakarta population, this research attempts to explore how polarised the voters are and how their ideological proclivities are related to their political alignment. The distribution of the ideological map shows that voters are generally divided on political secularism and economic dimensions. On the political secular dimension, Anies-Prabowo’s voters tend to support the larger role of Islam and Muslim clerics in politics while Ahok-Jokowi’s are resistant to the increasing role of Islam and its clerics in politics. On the economic dimension, Anies-Prabowo’s voters are more inclined towards economic nationalist views while Ahok-Jokowi’s are more tolerant of economic liberalism. However, further multi-variate tests reveal that the political affiliation drives the ideological cleavage in political secularism dimension only. Meanwhile, in the economic dimension, the main driver is party identification.
Parent Perspectives on Sending Their Children to College Early
Authors: Hertzog Nancy B. , Lamb Kristen N. , Mammadov Sakhavat
Published: April 2021

Early entrance to college, a form of academic acceleration, is an educational alternative that opens pathways for advanced students to have challenging, stimulating, and relevant learning experiences. Children who choose this option enter the adult world several years earlier than most of their age peers. This involves extra growth, adaptation, and a nontypical route through adolescent developmental milestones. These changes may be a great challenge for children and their families. In this study, we report findings from semi-structured interviews with 36 parents whose children participated in one of two different early entrance to college programs at the University of Washington. We explored reasons and motivations behind families’ decisions for early entrance to college, their expectations, concerns, and overall experiences during the transition period and beyond.
Testosterone target therapy: focus on immune response, controversies and clinical implications in patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Salciccia Stefano , Del Giudice Francesco , Eisenberg Michael L. , Mastroianni Claudio M. , De Berardinis Ettore , Ricciuti Gian Piero , Viscuso Pietro , Zingaropoli Antonella , Pasculli Patrizia , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Sciarra Alessandro , Maggi Martina
Published: April 2021

The pandemic acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) named COVID-19 is causing a severe health emergency, and an individual’s hormonal milieu may play an important role in both susceptibility to infection and severity of clinical course. We analyzed the role of testosterone in the immune response, and we hypothesized possible mechanisms to explain the high incidence of COVID-19 infection and a worse clinical course in elderly male patients. Testosterone may impair the immune response, and this effect could explain the greater susceptibility of men to infection. Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) plays a crucial role in the entry of the virus into the respiratory epithelial cells, leading to COVID-19 disease. It is crucial to emphasize that testosterone levels and chemical castration (e.g. by androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer) may have contrasting roles in the phases of COVID-19 infection. Whereas low testosterone levels may be protective against the initial susceptibility (due to a restoration of immunological functions and a block of TMPRSS2), low testosterone may stimulate a worse clinical course in the advanced COVID-19 infection as it could exacerbate or activate the cytokine storm. If testosterone levels play these different roles, it is necessary to carefully identify patients for any indicated testosterone manipulation.
Influential literatures in periprosthetic infection following joint arthroplasty: A bibliometric review
Authors: Ennis Hayley , Chen Clark Jia-Long , Bondar Kevin , McCormick Johnathon , Zieminski Colin , Hernandez Victor Hugo
Published: April 2021

The objective of this bibliometric literature review was to identify and analyze the most frequently cited manuscripts on the topic of periprosthetic joint infection. Periprosthetic infection following joint arthroplasty is a complication leading to rising rates of mortality and increasing economic strain. No prior study has evaluated the most impactful literature on the topic of periprosthetic joint infection (“PJI”) in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Knowledge and appreciation of the most influential publications on this topic can guide and inspire future research endeavors. Using the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database, the 50 most cited articles related to periprosthetic infection following joint arthroplasty were identified. Numerous metrics including citation frequency, year of publication, country of origin, level-of-evidence (LOE), article type, and contributing authors/institutions were recorded. The seven most cited articles (per year) during the past 10 years were also identified. The years of publications of the articles included in the final analysis ranged from 1969 to 2014. “Current concepts: Prosthetic-joint infections” by Zimmerli et al. was the most frequently cited article. Level of Evidence (“LOE”) of 2 and 3 were the most common. Clinical outcomes was the most common article type. Mayo Clinic and Thomas Jefferson University produced the most publications. Hanssen and Parvisi were the most productive authors. 2000–2009 ( n = 25) was the most prolific decade in terms of number of publications. Using citation analysis as an indication of influence, the most influential articles on periprosthetic joint infection were highlighted. Analysis of the most recognized publication on PJI provides an enhanced understanding of the diagnosis, treatment, and future research of PJI. Future studies may combine the search results of multiple databases including Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed to rectify any discrepancies in citation data and to capture additional literature on PJI.
The Effect of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Internal Brace Augmentation on Articular Contact Mechanics: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Roth Travis S. , Beason David P. , Clay T. Bradley , Cain E. Lyle , Dugas Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2021

Background:

There has been renewed interest in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair in throwing athletes because of a greater understanding of UCL injuries, improvement in ligament repair technology, and potentially expedited rehabilitation time and return to play relative to UCL reconstruction.

Purpose:

To evaluate elbow articular contact and overall joint torque after UCL reconstruction and repair augmented with a collagen-coated fiber tape, InternalBrace.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten matched pairs of cadaveric arms (mean age, 41 ± 11 years) were dissected to expose the UCL. Each specimen was secured into a custom test fixture at 90°, and 1 specimen from each pair underwent either a modified Jobe UCL reconstruction or UCL repair with InternalBrace. Each specimen underwent 10 cycles of elbow valgus angular displacement between 0° and 5° at a rate of 1 deg/s in the intact state, after UCL avulsion, and then after UCL reconstruction or repair. Articular contact mechanics and overall joint torque and stiffness were recorded.

Results:

Contact mechanics of reconstructed and repaired specimens were not significantly different. Both reconstruction and repair procedures returned the overall resistance of the joint to valgus torsion to near-intact levels. UCL repair tended to restore joint torque more closely to the intact state than did reconstruction, given that reconstruction showed a nonsignificant trend toward lower torque than the intact state ( P = .07).

Conclusion:

Neither UCL reconstruction nor UCL repair with InternalBrace overconstrained the elbow joint, as both groups had similar contact pressures compared with the native joint. Both procedures also restored elbow joint torque and stiffness to levels not statistically different from the intact state.

Clinical Relevance:

Given the sound biomechanical properties of UCL repair with InternalBrace, it may have a significant role as treatment for UCL injuries.
A Case Report of a Prenatally Missed Mowat-Wilson Syndrome With Isolated Corpus Callosum Agenesis
Authors: Şenbil Nesrin , Arslan Zeynep , Sayın Kocakap Derya Beyza , Bilgili Yasemin
Published: April 2021

Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by ZEB2 gene mutations, manifesting with unique facial characteristics, moderate to severe intellectual problems, and congenital malformations as Hirschsprung disease, genital and ophthalmological anomalies, and congenital cardiac anomalies. Herein, a case of 1-year-old boy with isolated agenesis of corpus callosum (IACC) in the prenatal period is presented. He was admitted postnatally with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), hypertelorism, uplifted earlobes, deeply set eyes, frontal bossing, oval-shaped nasal tip, ‘‘M’’ shaped upper lip, opened mouth and prominent chin, and developmental delay. Hence, MWS was primarily considered and confirmed by the ZEB2 gene mutation analysis. His karyotype was normal. He had a history of having a prenatally terminated brother with similar features. Antenatally detected IACC should prompt a detailed investigation including karyotype and microarray; even if they are normal then whole exome sequencing (WES) should be done.
Food Insecurity in Households with Children Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Household Pulse Survey
Authors: Morales Danielle Xiaodan , Morales Stephanie Alexandra , Beltran Tyler Fox
Published: April 2021

As the coronavirus pandemic stretched on, millions of U.S. children and their families faced food insecurity. However, limited empirical studies have systemically investigated food insecurity and food insecurity transitions among households with children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was based on a nationally representative sample of households with children (including all 50 states and the District of Columbia, n = 20,543 households) collected by the 2020 Household Pulse Survey. Two generalized estimating equations models were developed, and the results indicated that most sociodemographic factors contributing to severe household food insecurity during the pandemic were similar to those before the pandemic. However, having children enrolled in schools did not protect families from food insecurity during COVID-19. Furthermore, among previously food-secure households, those that were relatively disadvantaged transitioned into food insecurity during COVID-19. As the pandemic persists, more coordinated efforts to ensure all households with children receive adequate nutrition are desperately needed.
Training of Pediatric Critical Care Providers in Developing Countries in Evidence Based Medicine Utilizing Remote Simulation Sessions
Authors: Padhya Dipti , Tripathi Sandeep , Kashyap Rahul , Alsawas Mouaz , Murthy Srinivas , Arteaga Grace M. , Dong Yue
Published: April 2021

Background. Remote simulation training provides a unique opportunity to captivate providers despite language, distance, and cultural barriers. Previously we developed a novel electronic decision support and rounding tool, the Checklist for Early Recognition and Treatment of Acute Illness in Pediatrics (CERTAINp). This study was conducted to determine the feasibility and impact of remote simulation training of international PICU providers using CERTAINp. Methods. We conducted train-the-trainer sessions in 7 hospitals based in 5 countries (China, Congo, Croatia, India, and Turkey) between 11/2015 and 11/2016. Providers first took part in a base line simulation session to assess their clinical performance. They had structured hands-on training using CERTAINp, which was done remotely using video conference with recording capabilities. Performance in PICU “admission” and “rounding” scenarios was assessed by their adherence to standard of care guidelines using CERTAINp. After this training, the providers were re-evaluated for performance using a validated instrument by 2 independent trained reviewers. Results. A total of 7 hospitals completed both baseline and post simulation sessions. We observed improved critical task (total 14) completion in the admission scenarios where pre training task completion was 8.2 ± 2.6, while after remote training was 11.2 ± 1.8, P = .01. In rounding scenarios, compliance to standard of care guidelines improved overall from 45% to 95% ( P < .01). Conclusion. We observed an improvement in compliance for measures determined as best practice guidelines in simulation rounding and overall improvement in critical tasks for simulated admission cases after remote training.
Necropolitical Governance and State-Corporate Harms: COVID-19 and the U.S. Pork Packing Industry
Authors: Ken Ivy , León Kenneth Sebastian
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has magnified the interdependence of the state and corporations in the pork packing industry. In 2020, when over 67,000 meatpacking and processing workers were infected with the virus, the state allowed and encouraged this industry to coerce a racialized workforce to risk their health and lives to slaughter pigs. While it would seem reasonable to call for more regulation to protect labor in this industry, we find by analyzing the state’s actions in 2020 that its interests are too far aligned with corporations’ interests to expect one to police the other. Our analysis underlines the state as a symbiotic partner of corporations, and places workers’ illnesses and deaths in a necropolitical framework that demands attention to the state’s tacit approval of inhumane working conditions, use of law to keep packing plants open, and attempts to limit the liability of corporations for any deaths or illnesses they have caused.
FOXP1 syndrome: a review of the literature and practice parameters for medical assessment and monitoring
Authors: Lozano Reymundo , Gbekie Catherine , Siper Paige M. , Srivastava Shubhika , Saland Jeffrey M. , Sethuram Swathi , Tang Lara , Drapeau Elodie , Frank Yitzchak , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Kolevzon Alexander
Published: April 2021

FOXP1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations or deletions that disrupt the forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) gene, which encodes a transcription factor important for the early development of many organ systems, including the brain. Numerous clinical studies have elucidated the role of FOXP1 in neurodevelopment and have characterized a phenotype. FOXP1 syndrome is associated with intellectual disability, language deficits, autism spectrum disorder, hypotonia, and congenital anomalies, including mild dysmorphic features, and brain, cardiac, and urogenital abnormalities. Here, we present a review of human studies summarizing the clinical features of individuals with FOXP1 syndrome and enlist a multidisciplinary group of clinicians (pediatrics, genetics, psychiatry, neurology, cardiology, endocrinology, nephrology, and psychology) to provide recommendations for the assessment of FOXP1 syndrome.
Determinants of bone health in elderly Japanese men: study design and key findings of the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) cohort study
Authors:   the FORMEN study group, Fujita Yuki , Tamaki Junko , Kouda Katsuyasu , Yura Akiko , Sato Yuho , Tachiki Takahiro , Hamada Masami , Kajita Etsuko , Kamiya Kuniyasu , Kaji Kazuki , Tsuda Koji , Ohara Kumiko , Moon Jong-Seong , Kitagawa Jun , Iki Masayuki
Published: April 2021

Background

The Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study was launched to investigate risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, interactions of osteoporosis with other non-communicable chronic diseases, and effects of fracture on QOL and mortality.

Methods

FORMEN baseline study participants (in 2007 and 2008) included 2012 community-dwelling men (aged 65–93 years) in Nara prefecture, Japan. Clinical follow-up surveys were conducted 5 and 10 years after the baseline survey, and 1539 and 906 men completed them, respectively. Supplemental mail, telephone, and visit surveys were conducted with non-participants to obtain outcome information. Survival and fracture outcomes were determined for 2006 men, with 566 deaths identified and 1233 men remaining in the cohort at 10-year follow-up.

Comments

The baseline survey covered a wide range of bone health-related indices including bone mineral density, trabecular microarchitecture assessment, vertebral imaging for detecting vertebral fractures, and biochemical markers of bone turnover, as well as comprehensive geriatric assessment items. Follow-up surveys were conducted to obtain outcomes including osteoporotic fracture, cardiovascular diseases, initiation of long-term care, and mortality. A complete list of publications relating to the FORMEN study can be found at https://www.med.kindai.ac.jp/pubheal/FORMEN/Publications.html.
A worldwide map of swine short tandem repeats and their associations with evolutionary and environmental adaptations
Authors: Wu Zhongzi , Gong Huanfa , Zhang Mingpeng , Tong Xinkai , Ai Huashui , Xiao Shijun , Perez-Enciso Miguel , Yang Bin , Huang Lusheng
Published: April 2021

Background

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are genetic markers with a greater mutation rate than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and are widely used in genetic studies and forensics. However, most studies in pigs have focused only on SNPs or on a limited number of STRs.

Results

This study screened 394 deep-sequenced genomes from 22 domesticated pig breeds/populations worldwide, wild boars from both Europe and Asia, and numerous outgroup Suidaes, and identified a set of 878,967 polymorphic STRs (pSTRs), which represents the largest repository of pSTRs in pigs to date. We found multiple lines of evidence that pSTRs in coding regions were affected by purifying selection. The enrichment of trinucleotide pSTRs in coding sequences (CDS), 5′UTR and H3K4me3 regions suggests that trinucleotide STRs serve as important components in the exons and promoters of the corresponding genes. We demonstrated that, compared to SNPs, pSTRs provide comparable or even greater accuracy in determining the breed identity of individuals. We identified pSTRs that showed significant population differentiation between domestic pigs and wild boars in Asia and Europe. We also observed that some pSTRs were significantly associated with environmental variables, such as average annual temperature or altitude of the originating sites of Chinese indigenous breeds, among which we identified loss-of-function and/or expanded STRs overlapping with genes such as AHR, LAS1L and PDK1. Finally, our results revealed that several pSTRs show stronger signals in domestic pig—wild boar differentiation or association with the analysed environmental variables than the flanking SNPs within a 100-kb window.

Conclusions

This study provides a genome-wide high-density map of pSTRs in diverse pig populations based on genome sequencing data, enabling a more comprehensive characterization of their roles in evolutionary and environmental adaptation.