bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the key features of the spontaneous formation of bona fide prions through a novel methodology that enables their swift and consistent generation
Authors: Eraña Hasier , Díaz-Domínguez Carlos M. , Charco Jorge M. , Vidal Enric , González-Miranda Ezequiel , Pérez-Castro Miguel A. , Piñeiro Patricia , López-Moreno Rafael , Sampedro-Torres-Quevedo Cristina , Fernández-Veiga Leire , Tasis-Galarza Juan , Lorenzo Nuria L. , Santini-Santiago Aileen , Lázaro Melisa , García-Martínez Sandra , Gonçalves-Anjo Nuno , San-Juan-Ansoleaga Maitena , Galarza-Ahumada Josu , Fernández-Muñoz Eva , Giler Samanta , Valle Mikel , Telling Glenn C. , Geijó Mariví , Requena Jesús R. , Castilla Joaquín
Published: September 2023

Among transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases affecting humans, sporadic forms such as sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease are the vast majority. Unlike genetic or acquired forms of the disease, these idiopathic forms occur seemingly due to a random event of spontaneous misfolding of the cellular PrP (PrPC) into the pathogenic isoform (PrPSc). Currently, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and drive this event, which occurs in approximately one individual per million each year, remain completely unknown. Modelling this phenomenon in experimental settings is highly challenging due to its sporadic and rare occurrence. Previous attempts to model spontaneous prion misfolding in vitro have not been fully successful, as the spontaneous formation of prions is infrequent and stochastic, hindering the systematic study of the phenomenon. In this study, we present the first method that consistently induces spontaneous misfolding of recombinant PrP into bona fide prions within hours, providing unprecedented possibilities to investigate the mechanisms underlying sporadic prionopathies. By fine-tuning the Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification method, which was initially developed to propagate recombinant prions, we have created a methodology that consistently produces spontaneously misfolded recombinant prions in 100% of the cases. Furthermore, this method gives rise to distinct strains and reveals the critical influence of charged surfaces in this process.
Two decades of nonfatal injury data: a scoping review of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, 2001–2021
Authors: Navon Livia , Chen Li Hui , Cowhig Mary , Wolkin Amy Funk
Published: September 2023

Background

Injury is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the USA. Ongoing surveillance is needed to understand changing injury patterns to effectively target prevention efforts. Launched jointly in 2000 by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) provides national-level estimates of US emergency department visits for nonfatal injuries. A scoping review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted to characterize how NEISS-AIP data have been used for injury surveillance in the USA.

Main Body

This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for English language peer-reviewed articles that used NEISS-AIP data as the primary data source during 2001–2021. Key article characteristics from included articles were abstracted to generate descriptive summary statistics to understand the use and limitations of NEISS-AIP for injury surveillance. Database queries returned 6944 citations; 594 citations were manually reviewed, and 167 non-duplicate journal articles were identified. An average of 8.0 articles (range: 1–14) were published annually during 2001–2021. Articles appeared in 72 different journals representing a diverse audience with the majority of articles written by CDC authors. Starting in 2013, a higher proportion of articles were published by non-CDC authors. The largest number of articles examined injury among all age groups (n = 71); however, the pediatric population was the specific age group of greatest interest (n = 48), followed by older adults (n = 23). Falls (n = 20) and motor-vehicle-related injuries (n = 10) were the most studied injury mechanisms. The most commonly identified limitation identified by authors of reviewed articles was that NEISS-AIP only produces national estimates and therefore, cannot be used for state- or county-level injury surveillance (n = 38).

Conclusions

NEISS-AIP has contributed to nonfatal injury surveillance in the USA. CDC and CPSC continue to work together to expand and enhance NEISS-AIP data collection. Researchers are encouraged to continue using this publicly available dataset for injury surveillance.
Reproductive studies on the carpet clam Paphia textile (Paratapes textilis) (Gmelin 1791) (Family: Veneridae): a guide of aquaculture management along the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea and Suez Canal
Authors: Farghaly Marwa I. , Ali Tamer El-Sayed , Mitwally Hanan M. , Abdel Razek Fatma A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Most aquatic biota's reproductive biology and life cycle are essential to the sustainable management and development of coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. The bivalve Paphia textile (Gmelin 1791), also known as Paratapes textilis, has an economic value in Indo-Pacific waters, including the Red Sea and the Suez Canal lakes, the Egyptian coasts. However, P. textile suffers from extensive fishing and exploitation.

Aim

The present work aims to study the Paphia textile's reproductive cycle on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea for the first time. It helps to manage and develop the coastal ecosystems and aquaculture.

Methodology

Samples were collected monthly from two saline lakes in the Suez Gulf from December 2019 to November 2020. As part of the comprehensive research study, sex ratio, condition index, sexuality, histological analysis of gonads, shell size, and gonad index were used to investigate the reproductive cycle.

Results

The results reveal a male-biased sex ratio, possibly due to anthropogenic stressors. The Paphia textile is dioecious. No hermaphrodite cases were observed in the studied specimens. The condition index in winter and spring indicates periods dominated by mature individuals. Five reproductive maturity stages were assigned for both P. textile males and females. Due to the simultaneous development of several developmental stages monthly throughout the sampling year, warm water may be responsible for non-sequential gametogenic cycles. As measured environmental parameters correlate with maturity stages, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a play important role in gonad growth. The size at first sexual maturity at which 50% of the Paphia textile population reached maturity ranged from 28.60 to 31.50 mm for females, and between 31.70 and 34.10 mm for males. As the gonad index increases during the ripe stages, this index decreases during the resting, spawning, and spent phases.

Conclusions

The findings suggest the most suitable temperature for aquaculture spawning is between 20 °C and 30 °C in subtropical waters. Fishing should generally be prohibited at sizes less than 28.60 mm for better management and sustainability of this valuable aquatic resource on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea.
Inclusive approaches to involvement of community groups in health research: the co-produced CHICO guidance
Authors: Jameson Catherine , Haq Zehra , Musse Samira , Kosar Zahra , Watson Gloria , Wylde Vikki
Published: September 2023

Background

Racially marginalised groups are underserved in healthcare and underrepresented in health research. Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is established as the method to ensure equity in health research. However, methods traditionally employed in PPIE can lead to the exclusion of some communities and exacerbation of existing inequalities, highlighting the need to develop inclusive processes for more inclusive community involvement in health research. We aimed to produce guidance to promote good practice for inclusive involvement of racially marginalised community groups in health research via public and community involvement and engagement.

Methods

The CHecklist for Inclusive COmmunity involvement in health research (CHICO) was co-produced by researchers and three Bristol-based community organisations: Dhek Bhal, My Friday Coffee Morning—Barton Hill, and Malcolm X Elders. After initial conversations and link building with community leaders to develop relationships, researchers attended at least three meetings with each community group to discuss preferred approaches to involvement. Each community group had a different format, and discussions were open and tailored to fit the groups preferences. The meetings were held in the community groups’ usual meeting venue. Notes from meetings were reviewed by researchers to identify key themes, which were used to inform the creation of a draft illustration which was then taken back to the community groups for refinement and used to inform the development of written guidance and the final illustration.

Results

Checklist items were structured into three stages: (1) building relationships, (2) reciprocal relationships and (3) practicalities. Stage 1 highlights the importance of building trust with the community group over time through regular visits to community venues and talking to people informally to understand the history of the group, their preferences and needs, and topics that are likely to be of interest to them. Stage 2 focusses on maintaining a reciprocal relationship and understanding how to best to give back to the community. Stage 3 provides guidance on the practicalities of designing and running inclusive community-based involvement activities, including consideration of the venue, format, communication-style, language requirements, social activities, and provision of food.

Conclusions

Our co-produced checklist can guide researchers in how to involve people from different ethnicities in health research that is relevant to their community.
Differences in decisions affected by cognitive biases: examining human values, need for cognition, and numeracy
Authors: Kakinohana Regis K. , Pilati Ronaldo
Published: September 2023

A better understanding of factors that can affect preferences and choices may contribute to more accurate decision-making. Several studies have investigated the effects of cognitive biases on decision-making and their relationship with cognitive abilities and thinking dispositions. While studies on behaviour, attitude, personality, and health worries have examined their relationship with human values, research on cognitive bias has not investigated its relationship to individual differences in human values. The purpose of this study was to explore individual differences in biased choices, examining the relationships of the human values self-direction, conformity, power, and universalism with the anchoring effect, the framing effect, the certainty effect, and the outcome bias, as well as the mediation of need for cognition and the moderation of numeracy in these relationships. We measured individual differences and within-participant effects with an online questionnaire completed by 409 Brazilian participants, with an age range from 18 to 80 years, 56.7% female, and 43.3% male. The cognitive biases studied consistently influenced choices and preferences. However, the biases showed distinct relationships with the individual differences investigated, indicating the involvement of diverse psychological mechanisms. For example, people who value more self-direction were less affected only by anchoring. Hence, people more susceptible to one bias were not similarly susceptible to another. This can help in research on how to weaken or strengthen cognitive biases and heuristics.
Viewpoint: Difficult-to-treat depression versus treatment-resistant depression: A new integrative perspective for managing depression
Authors: Paganin Walter
Published: September 2023

In the STAR*D study, the efficacy of treatments for major depression was examined. It was found that, while many responded to the initial antidepressant treatment, only 30% of participants achieved complete remission. Concerning treatment resistance in depression, there is a recent distinction emerging between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and difficult-to-treat depression (DTD). Historically, TRD and DTD have been conflated, but it is essential to recognize them as separate entities. While TRD is characterized by a patient’s inadequate response to two or more consecutive antidepressant treatments given for an adequate duration and dosage without achieving acceptable therapeutic effects, DTD describes a clinical category where patients do not achieve full symptom control despite various therapeutic approaches. The recent shift in perspective proposes a more integrated approach for DTD, encompassing psychosocial, biological, and interactive factors. This multifactorial model calls for a multidisciplinary therapeutic intervention, not restricted to pharmacological treatments but also including psychotherapy, neurostimulation, and social interventions. Informing professionals and the general public about the significance of this new approach could mitigate the stigma associated with depression and enhance the quality of care. The future challenge will involve a deeper clinical understanding of DTD and its optimal management by refining available treatments.
Single-cell transcriptomics identifies new blood cell populations in Drosophila released at the onset of metamorphosis
Authors: Hirschhäuser Alexander , Molitor Darius , Salinas Gabriela , Großhans Jörg , Rust Katja , Bogdan Sven
Published: September 2023

Drosophila blood cells called hemocytes form an efficient barrier against infections and tissue damage. During metamorphosis, hemocytes undergo tremendous changes in their shape and behavior, preparing them for tissue clearance. Yet, the diversity and functional plasticity of pupal blood cells have not been explored. Here, we combine single-cell transcriptomics and high-resolution microscopy to dissect the heterogeneity and plasticity of pupal hemocytes. We identified undifferentiated and specified hemocytes with different molecular signatures associated with distinct functions such as antimicrobial, antifungal immune defense, cell adhesion or secretion. Strikingly, we identified a highly migratory and immune-responsive pupal cell population expressing typical markers of the posterior signaling center (PSC), which is known to be an important niche in the larval lymph gland. PSC-like cells become restricted to the abdominal segments and are morphologically very distinct from typical Hemolectin (Hml)-positive plasmatocytes. G-TRACE lineage experiments further suggest that PSC-like cells can transdifferentiate to lamellocytes triggered by parasitoid wasp infestation. In summary, we present the first molecular description of pupal Drosophila blood cells, providing insights into blood cell functional diversification and plasticity during pupal metamorphosis.
Surf4 collaborates with derlin-2 and derlin-1 to mediate cyclooxygenase-2 translocation to the cytosol for degradation
Authors: Chen Shu-Fen , Wu Chun-Hu , Lee Yen-Ming , Tam Kabik , Liou Jun-Yang , Shyue Song-Kun
Published: September 2023

Derlin family members participate in the retrotranslocation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen proteins to the cytosol for ER-associated degradation (ERAD); however, the proteins facilitating this retrotranslocation remain to be explored. Using CRISPR library screening, we have found that derlin-2 and surfeit locus protein 4 (Surf4) are candidates to facilitate degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, also known as PTGS2). Our results show that derlin-2 acts upstream of derlin-1 and that Surf4 acts downstream of derlin-2 and derlin-1 to facilitate COX-2 degradation. Knockdown of derlin-2 or Surf4 impedes the ubiquitylation of COX-2 and the interaction of COX-2 with caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and p97 (also known as VCP) in the cytosol. Additionally, COX-2 degradation is N-glycosylation dependent. Although derlin-2 facilitates degradation of N-glycosylated COX-2, the interaction between derlin-2 and COX-2 is independent of COX-2 N-glycosylation. Derlin-1, Surf4 and p97 preferentially interact with non-glycosylated COX-2, whereas Cav-1 preferentially interacts with N-glycosylated COX-2, regardless of the N-glycosylation pattern. Collectively, our results reveal that Surf4 collaborates with derlin-2 and derlin-1 to mediate COX-2 translocation from the ER lumen to the cytosol. The derlin-2–derlin-1–Surf4–Cav-1 machinery might represent a unique pathway to accelerate COX-2 degradation in ERAD.
Patterns of fatty acid usage in two nocturnal insectivores: the Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) and the Etruscan pygmy shrew (Suncus etruscus)
Authors: Dubiner Shahar , Kashi Amit , Drabkin Ariel , Blinder Pablo , Levin Eran
Published: September 2023

Dietary fatty acids (FAs) have been demonstrated to be differentially stored or used as a metabolic fuel, depending on carbon chain length or saturation level. However, intestinal absorption also differs among FAs, potentially biasing conclusions on functional differences and their subsequent implications. We tested dietary FA usage in a nocturnal insectivorous reptile and a nocturnal insectivorous mammal of similar size: the gecko Hemidactylus turcicus and the shrew Suncus etruscus. We compared the relative presence of 13C isotopes in breath and feces following ingestion of three isotopically enriched fatty acids: linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated FA), oleic acid (monounsaturated) and palmitic acid (saturated). Both species oxidized linoleic and oleic acids at much higher levels than palmitic acid. Egestion of palmitic acid in feces was much higher than that of linoleic and oleic acids. The major difference between geckos and shrews was that the latter digested fatty acids much faster, which was best explained by the difference in the metabolic rates of the species. Circadian differences were evident for gecko metabolic and FA oxidation rates, peaking at night; for shrews, peak oxidation was achieved faster at night but rates did not differ. Our study is among the first to integrate oxidation and absorption patterns, as well as metabolic rates and their rhythms, providing important insights into the utilization of different dietary FAs in different species.
Risk factors for 6-to-24-month-old toddlers in district of Tanara: survey of hygiene sectors, worm infection, and complementary feeding to reduce stunting
Authors: Nugrohowati Nunuk , Purwani Luh Eka , Kristanti Melly , Simanjuntak Kristina , Nurcita Boenga , Wahyuni Yosha Putri , Heryani Monalisa
Published: September 2023

Background: Children in Indonesia still struggle against being stunted, wasted, and underweight. In 2018, 30.8 % of children under five years old were stunted, in 2022, it had decreased to 21.6%. The stunting rate in Pandeglang Regency in 2019 was 41.6%, whereas the incidence in Banten Province was 24.1%. This study aims to determine factors that influence the occurrence of stunting in children aged 6–24 months in Tanara District, Serang Regency, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was used on a sample consisting of 40 mothers with children aged 6–24 months in September 2020, selected using consecutive sampling from nine subdistricts. Results: Of the total respondents, 21 (52.5%) have stunted children aged 6–24 months, 28 (70%) children had completed exclusive breastfeeding, and 65% had poor knowledge of complementary feeding. Findings reveal a relationship between the incidence of stunting and the history of infectious disease, a lack of complementary feeding knowledge, and a lack of a healthy life attitude. Conclusions: The most influential factor in stunting in children aged 6–24 months was the history of infectious disease and the attitude toward a healthy life. A lower history of infectious disease in children under five will give a low incidence of stunting; conversely, a higher attitude toward healthy living lowers the incidence of stunting. In this study, the specific nutrition intervention programs required are learning classes for mothers, whether they are mothers of infants/toddlers or pregnant women. Moreover, the improvement of sensitive intervention programs for environmental hygiene needs to be encouraged, which is conducted by the local government and the community. The need to integrate nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions into efforts to improve children’s health should be met so that the handling of nutritional problems can be sustainable.
The genome sequence of an ichneumon wasp, Ophion slaviceki (Kriechbaumer, 1892)
Authors: Broad Gavin R. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Ophion slaviceki (an ichneumon wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae). The genome sequence is 654.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.19 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 19,399 protein coding genes.
Ownership Concentration and Firm Value: New Evidence from Owner Stakes in IPOs
Authors: Larrain Borja , Roosenboom Peter , Sertsios Giorgo , Urzúa Francisco
Published: September 2023

We study the relationship between ownership concentration and firm value using hand-collected data on the stakes of owner–managers before and after initial public offerings (IPOs). We instrument for the reduction in stake using market returns shortly before IPOs. Short-run market returns are plausible instruments because owners engage in market timing by selling more when prior returns are high, but high short-run returns are unlikely to directly affect firm value years after the IPO. As predicted by agency theory, a large reduction in ownership concentration at the IPO is negatively related to valuation. Future asset growth is low when owners have low stakes.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Funding: B. Larrain acknowledges funding from ANID/CONICYT Proyecto FONDECYT Regular [Grant 1180593].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01039 .
Gift Contagion in Online Groups: Evidence from Virtual Red Packets
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Liu Tracy Xiao , Tan Chenhao , Chen Qian , Pentland Alex Sandy , Tang Jie
Published: September 2023

Gifts are important instruments for forming bonds in interpersonal relationships. Our study analyzes the phenomenon of gift contagion in online groups. Gift contagion encourages social bonds by prompting further gifts; it may also promote group interaction and solidarity. Using data on 36 million online red packet gifts on a large social site in East Asia, we leverage a natural experimental design to identify the social contagion of gift giving in online groups. Our natural experiment is enabled by the randomization of the gift amount allocation algorithm on the platform, which addresses the common challenge of causal identification in observational data. Our study provides evidence of gift contagion: On average, receiving one additional dollar causes a recipient to send 18 cents back to the group within the subsequent 24 hours. Decomposing this effect, we find that it is mainly driven by the extensive margin: more recipients are triggered to send red packets. Moreover, we find that this effect is stronger for “luckiest draw” recipients, suggesting the presence of a group norm regarding the next red packet sender. Finally, we investigate the moderating effects of group- and individual-level social network characteristics on gift contagion as well as the causal impact of receiving gifts on group network structure. Our study has implications for promoting group dynamics and designing marketing strategies for product adoption.

This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: T. Liu was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72222005] and Tsinghua University [Grant 2022Z04W01032]. J. Tang was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholar [Grant 61825602].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4906 .
Stochastic Subgradient Descent Escapes Active Strict Saddles on Weakly Convex Functions
Authors: Bianchi Pascal , Hachem Walid , Schechtman Sholom
Published: September 2023

In nonsmooth stochastic optimization, we establish the nonconvergence of the stochastic subgradient descent (SGD) to the critical points recently called active strict saddles by Davis and Drusvyatskiy. Such points lie on a manifold M, where the function f has a direction of second-order negative curvature. Off this manifold, the norm of the Clarke subdifferential of f is lower-bounded. We require two conditions on f. The first assumption is a Verdier stratification condition, which is a refinement of the popular Whitney stratification. It allows us to establish a strengthened version of the projection formula of Bolte et al. for Whitney stratifiable functions and which is of independent interest. The second assumption, termed the angle condition, allows us to control the distance of the iterates to M. When f is weakly convex, our assumptions are generic. Consequently, generically, in the class of definable weakly convex functions, SGD converges to a local minimizer.

Funding: The work of Sholom Schechtman was supported by “Région Ile-de-France”.
Development of prone positioning and skin damage prevention digital education: the PRONEtect project
Authors: Fourie Anika , Ahtiala Maarit , Black Joyce , Campos Heidi Hevia , Coyer Fiona , Gefen Amit , LeBlanc Kim , Smet Steven , Vollman Kathleen , Walsh Yolanda , Beeckman Dimitri
Published: September 2023

Objective:

The incidence of skin/tissue damage, such as pressure ulcers, remains high in mechanically ventilated patients in the prone position. According to guidelines, critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) should be prone for at least 12–16 hours to improve oxygenation and decrease mortality. Therefore, educating clinicians on how to reposition and manage the patient safely in a prone position plays a vital role in preventing adverse events. This project aimed to develop accessible online educational content to assist clinicians in safely executing the prone manoeuvre and minimise skin/tissue damage.

Method:

The development of the educational content was based on: a gap analysis and comprehensive review of available educational resources; evidence-based scientific literature; advice from international experts; and a qualitative study exploring the learning needs of 20 clinicians in Belgium and Sweden between February–August 2022.

Results:

Volunteer clinicians assisted with the creation of eight simulation videos which were professionally filmed and edited. The interactive videos included the supine-to-prone and prone-to-supine manoeuvres, endotracheal and nasogastric tube securement, eye care, stoma care, protecting high-risk areas from pressure damage, and incontinence-associated dermatitis prevention. A prone positioning protocol, a checklist summarising the key aspects of the protocol, and teaching aids (slide deck for didactic lecturing) were developed and validated by a review of the relevant evidence-based literature and the international expert panel. A website was designed to host the content, with free user access, at www.pronetection.com .

Conclusion:

Education is one strategy towards prevention of complications of prone positioning. Accessible education could assist clinicians unfamiliar with prone positioning or current clinicians requiring refresher training to safely manage patients in this position.
Serum basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-1β predict the effect of first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zheng Li , Gan Li-Hong , Yao Ling , Li Bin , Huang Ya-Qin , Zhang Fu-Bao , Kuang Meng-Qi , Fang Nian
Published: September 2023

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five fundamental principles of Islam, and it is obligatory for healthy Muslim adults and adolescents. During the fasting month, Muslims usually have two meals a day, suhur (before dawn) and iftar (after dusk). However, diabetic patients may face difficulties when fasting, so it is important for medical staff to educate them on safe fasting practices. Prolonged strict fasting can increase the risk of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, but with proper knowledge, careful planning, and medication adjustment, diabetic Muslim patients can fast during Ramadan. For this review, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar until May 2023. Articles other than the English language were excluded. Current strategies for managing blood sugar levels during Ramadan include a combination of patient education on nutrition, regular monitoring of blood glucose, medications, and insulin therapy. Insulin therapy can be continued during fasting if properly titrated to the patients’ needs, and finger prick blood sugar levels should be assessed regularly. If certain symptoms such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, or acute illness occur, or blood glucose levels become too high (> 300 mg/dL) or too low (> 70 mg/dL), the fast should be broken. New insulin formulations such as pegylated insulin and medications like tirzepatide, a dual agonist of gastric-inhibitory peptideand glucagonlike-peptide 1 receptors, have shown promise in managing blood sugar levels during Ramadan. Non-insulin-dependent medications like sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 inhibitors, including the Food and Drug Administration-approved ertugliflozin, are also being used to provide additional cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Efficacy of tolvaptan in an infant with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with holoprosencephaly: A case report
Authors: Mori Mari , Takeshita Satoru , Nakamura Nami , Mizuno Yuki , Tomita Akiko , Aoyama Mineyoshi , Kakita Hiroki , Yamada Yasumasa
Published: September 2023

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five fundamental principles of Islam, and it is obligatory for healthy Muslim adults and adolescents. During the fasting month, Muslims usually have two meals a day, suhur (before dawn) and iftar (after dusk). However, diabetic patients may face difficulties when fasting, so it is important for medical staff to educate them on safe fasting practices. Prolonged strict fasting can increase the risk of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, but with proper knowledge, careful planning, and medication adjustment, diabetic Muslim patients can fast during Ramadan. For this review, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar until May 2023. Articles other than the English language were excluded. Current strategies for managing blood sugar levels during Ramadan include a combination of patient education on nutrition, regular monitoring of blood glucose, medications, and insulin therapy. Insulin therapy can be continued during fasting if properly titrated to the patients’ needs, and finger prick blood sugar levels should be assessed regularly. If certain symptoms such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, or acute illness occur, or blood glucose levels become too high (> 300 mg/dL) or too low (> 70 mg/dL), the fast should be broken. New insulin formulations such as pegylated insulin and medications like tirzepatide, a dual agonist of gastric-inhibitory peptideand glucagonlike-peptide 1 receptors, have shown promise in managing blood sugar levels during Ramadan. Non-insulin-dependent medications like sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 inhibitors, including the Food and Drug Administration-approved ertugliflozin, are also being used to provide additional cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome with anti-sulfatide antibody positivity and spinal cord involvement: A case report
Authors: Liu Hua , Lv Hui-Gang , Zhang Rong
Published: September 2023

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five fundamental principles of Islam, and it is obligatory for healthy Muslim adults and adolescents. During the fasting month, Muslims usually have two meals a day, suhur (before dawn) and iftar (after dusk). However, diabetic patients may face difficulties when fasting, so it is important for medical staff to educate them on safe fasting practices. Prolonged strict fasting can increase the risk of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, but with proper knowledge, careful planning, and medication adjustment, diabetic Muslim patients can fast during Ramadan. For this review, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar until May 2023. Articles other than the English language were excluded. Current strategies for managing blood sugar levels during Ramadan include a combination of patient education on nutrition, regular monitoring of blood glucose, medications, and insulin therapy. Insulin therapy can be continued during fasting if properly titrated to the patients’ needs, and finger prick blood sugar levels should be assessed regularly. If certain symptoms such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, or acute illness occur, or blood glucose levels become too high (> 300 mg/dL) or too low (> 70 mg/dL), the fast should be broken. New insulin formulations such as pegylated insulin and medications like tirzepatide, a dual agonist of gastric-inhibitory peptideand glucagonlike-peptide 1 receptors, have shown promise in managing blood sugar levels during Ramadan. Non-insulin-dependent medications like sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 inhibitors, including the Food and Drug Administration-approved ertugliflozin, are also being used to provide additional cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Effect of the Combined Use of Morning Blue-Enriched Lighting and Night Blue-Suppressed Lighting (MENS) on Sleep Quality
Authors: Lee Wankiun , Jung Ki-Young
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that exposure to blue-enriched light in the morning or blue-suppressed light in the evening may positively affect sleep. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of combination of morning blue-enriched and night blue-suppressed lighting (MENS) on sleep quality. Methods: Thirty workers were recruited. After one-week baseline evaluation, the participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Both were exposed to light in the morning and evening for two weeks. The experimental group used a lighting device emitting 480-nm wavelength maximized light in the morning and minimized light in the evening, while the control group used 450-nm wavelength light in the same way. The final evaluation was conducted using questionnaires and sleep diaries. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in seven out of nine sleep quality measures (p<0.05). The experimental group showed improvement in sleep latency and sleep fragmentation compared to that in the control group (p=0.017). The control group showed improvement in wake after sleep onset. The ratio of participants who showed improvement and transitioned from abnormal to normal values was significantly higher in the experimental group for sleep latency (p=0.046) and in the control group for fatigue (p=0.012). Conclusions: The findings suggest that the use of MENS significantly improves sleep quality. Although the difference in the improvement effect between different wavelengths of blue light was not substantial, the use of 480-nm blue light appears to be effective in reducing sleep latency.
Conocimientos, competencias y carta de servicios del personal bibliotecario de datos
Authors: Serrat i Brustenga Marta
Published: September 2023

Objetivos: los principales objetivos del artículo son describir las características del personal bibliotecario de datos (fecha librarian), justificar su relevancia en un contexto de creciente adopción de prácticas de Ciencia Abierta en el seno de la biblioteca universitaria y aportar pautas para la recapacitación del personal bibliotecario que ofrece servicios a los investigadores en las instituciones de investigación. Concretamente, se pretende definir al personal bibliotecario de datos y desgranar qué conocimientos y competencias debe tener así como qué carta de servicios debe ofrecer a la comunidad investigadora.
 Metodología: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica no exhaustiva en Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science y Zenodo combinando los términos 'Data librarian', 'Open Science' y 'Library'. También se consultan documentos de las páginas web de organismos oficiales e instituciones como la Comisión Europea, Ligue des Bibliotecas Europeas de Recherche (LIBER), International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), American Library Association (ALA), United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) y Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas (CRUE).
 Resultados: se constata que el personal bibliotecario de datos es una pieza esencial que se inserta a lo largo de todo el proceso de investigación para apoyar la gestión de los datos. Debe contar con una formación específica para conocer en profundidad el ciclo de la investigación y tener conocimientos de gestión y curación de datos así como habilidades tecnológicas y comunicativas que se sumen a las habilidades tradicionalmente bibliotecarias. Además ofrece una carta de servicios muy amplia y flexible que responde a las necesidades de cada etapa de la investigación.
Concepção de uma Ferramenta Brasileira de Elaboração de Planos de Gestão de Dados de Pesquisa: desafios rumo ao modelo de planos acionáveis por máquina – MaDMP
Authors: Rezende Laura Vilela Rodrigues , Monteiro Elizabete Cristina de Souza de Aguiar , Stueber Ketlen , Silva Fabiano Couto Corrêa da , Grácio Alexandre Faria de Oliveira , Olivera Alexandre Faria de
Published: September 2023

Objectivos: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de modelo conceitual de uma ferramenta de elaboração e gestão de Planos de Gestão de Dados acionável por máquina (maDMP – Machine Actionable Data Management Plan) para o cenário brasileiro conduzido pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT). Como objetivos, buscou-se analisar as ferramentas existentes e decidir pela viabilidade de se desenvolver uma solução desde o início ou adaptar e remodelar uma já existente além de desenhar o modelo conceitual considerando os agentes envolvidos no ecossistema de pesquisa brasileiro.
 Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de um estudo exploratório sobre o desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual de uma ferramenta para elaboração de Plano de Gestão de Dados no cenário brasileiro. Foi utilizado o método Design Science Research, que estabelece um processo sistemático que permite ao investigador pesquisar, descrever ou explicar um fenômeno e, também, projetar ou prescrever soluções para um problema específico (Dresch et al., 2014).
 Resultados: Apresenta-se o detalhamento do estudo comparativo das ferramentas de elaboração de PGD existentes além do desenho do modelo conceitual da solução brasileira. Entende-se que o cenário ideal para este caso é a customização da ferramenta DMPTool já existente, otimizando recursos e tempo de desenvolvimento. Trata-se de uma ferramenta robusta, com comunidade de desenvolvimento ativa e com atualizações frequentes, fazendo dela uma solução para elaboração de PGDs acionáveis por máquinas. Destaca-se o relevante papel deste estudo no entendimento das conexões e trocas de informações necessárias para o ecossistema de Ciência brasileiro, tendo a ferramenta PGD do IBICT papel centralizador e agregador destas informações.
Experiència d'implementació d'especificacions d'una estratègia de virtualització per fer-se càrrec d'obres d'art multimèdia obsoletes
Authors: Robledano Arillo Jesús
Published: September 2023

Objectius: Presentar un model de preservació digital d'obres d'art multimèdia basat en la virtualització, idoni per a les necessitats de preservar digitalment els fons objecte de treball en el projecte 'Vocabularios para una red de archivos y colecciones de Media Art y sus efectos: metaliteracy y turismo de conocimiento', finançat pel Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, i presentar un model d'empaquetament de preservació digital apropiat per facilitar aquesta estratègia.
 Metodologia: Anàlisi de l'estat de la qüestió de fons d'art multimèdia i projectes que han implementat l'estratègia de virtualització; anàlisi de necessitats de preservació digital de fons d'art multimèdia, i desenvolupament i implementació d'un model de virtualització.
 Resultats: Model de treball per aplicar l'estratègia de virtualització per preservar digitalment un fons d'art multimèdia que inclou unes especificacions per al format d'empaquetament de preservació digital conformes a l'estàndard OAIS.
Wild Analysis
Authors: Baena Victoria
Published: September 2023

Abstract: In March 2020, the writer and academic Jacqueline Rose was putting the finishing touches on her book On Violence and On Violence Against Women when the avenues of the world’s capitals grew quiet. Rose could hardly have expected to see the themes of her writing so abruptly tear open the world’s fabric.
Using Pilot Data for Power Analysis of Observational Studies for the Estimation of Dynamic Treatment Regimes
Authors: Rose Eric J. , Moodie Erica E. M. , Shortreed Susan
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Significant attention has been given to developing data-driven methods for tailoring patient care based on individual patient characteristics. Dynamic treatment regimes formalize this approach through a sequence of decision rules that map patient information to a suggested treatment. The data for estimating and evaluating treatment regimes are ideally gathered through the use of Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs), though longitudinal observational studies are commonly used due to the potentially prohibitive costs of conducting a SMART. Observational studies are typically powered for simple comparisons of fixed treatment sequences; a priori power or sample size calculations for tailored strategies are rarely if ever undertaken. This has lead to many studies that fail to find a statistically significant benefit to tailoring treatment. We develop power analyses for the estimation of dynamic treatment regimes from observational studies. Our approach uses pilot data to estimate the power for comparing the value of the optimal regime, i.e., the expected outcome if all patients in the population were treated by following the optimal regime, with a known comparison mean. This allows for calculations that ensure a study has sufficient power to detect the need for tailoring, should it be present. Our approach also ensures the value of the estimated optimal treatment regime has a high probability of being within a range of the value of the true optimal regime, set a priori. We examine the performance of the proposed procedure with a simulation study and use it to size a study for reducing depressive symptoms using data from electronic health records.
Broadband SnS/Te photodetector to long-wavelength infrared: breaking the spectrum limit through alloy engineering
Authors: Wei Jiahui , Yu Hao , He Qianming , Wu Duanduan , Xie Ying , Lin Changgui
Published: September 2023

Materials based on group IV chalcogenides, are considered to be one of the most promising materials for high-performance, broadband photodetectors due to their wide bandgap coverage, intriguing chemical bonding and excellent physical properties. However, the reported photodetectors based on SnS are still worked at relatively narrow near-infrared band (as far as 1550 nm) hampered by the nonnegligible bandgap of 1.1-1.5 eV. Here, a novel photodetector based on Te alloyed SnS thin film was demonstrated with an ultra-broadband response up to 10.6 µm. By controlling the Te alloyed concentration in SnS increasing to 37.64%, the bandgap narrows to 0.23 eV, exhibiting a photoresponse potential at long-wavelength infrared excitation. Our results show Te-alloying can remarkably enhance the detection properties of SnS/Te photodetectors. The photoresponsivity and detectivity of 1.59 mA/W and 2.3 × 108 Jones were realized at 10.6 µm at room temperature. Moreover, the nonzero photogain was observed generated by nonlinearly increased photocurrent density, resulting in a superlinear dependency between photoresponsivity and light intensity. Our studies successfully broaden photoresponse spectrum of SnS toward the mid-infrared range for the first time. It also suggests that alloying is an effective technique for tuning the band edges of group IV chalcogenides, contributing deep implications for developing future optoelectronic applications.
Coexistence of gain-through-filtering and parametric instability in a fiber ring cavity
Authors: Negrini Stefano , Ceppe Jean Baptiste , Conforti Matteo , Perego Auro M. , Kudlinski Alexandre , Mussot Arnaud
Published: September 2023

We experimentally and numerically investigate the dynamics of a fiber ring cavity in which two different instability can be excited:
gain-through-filtering and parametric instability. We demonstrate that they can be triggered individually or collectively depending on the
two main control parameters offered by the cavity, namely the pump power and the cavity detuning. The experimental observations are in good
agreement with numerical simulations.
Detection of molecular oxygen using nanosecond-laser-induced plasma
Authors: Kim Seon Woong , Choi Jongwun , Byun Hosung , Yoon Taekeun , Carter Campbell D. , Do Hyungrok
Published: September 2023

Molecular oxygen (O2) concentration is measured by employing nanosecond laser-induced plasmas (ns-LIP) over a broad temperature spectrum ranging from 300 K to 1000 K, in the presence of an additional oxygen-containing molecule, CO2. Typically, emission spectra emanating from ns-LIP are devoid of molecular information, as the ns-LIP causes the dissociation of molecular species within the plasma. However, atomic oxygen absorption lines that momentarily appear at 777 nm in the broadband emission from the early-stage plasma are determined to be highly sensitive to the O2 mole fraction but negligibly affected by the CO2 mole fraction. The atomic O absorbing the plasma emission originates from the O2 adjacent to the plasma: robust UV radiation from the early-stage plasma selectively dissociates adjacent O2, exhibiting a relatively low photodissociation threshold, thus generating the specific meta-stable oxygen capable of absorbing photons at 777 nm. A theoretical model is introduced, explicating the formation of the meta-stable O atom from adjacent O2. To sustain the UV radiation from the plasma under high-temperature and low-density ambient conditions, a preceding breakdown is triggered by a split laser pulse (532 nm). This breakdown acts as a precursor, seeding electrons to intensify the inverse-Bremsstrahlung photon absorption of the subsequent laser pulse (1064 nm). Techniques such as proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and support vector regression (SVR) are employed to precisely evaluate the O2 mole fraction (<1% uncertainty), by analyzing the short-lived (<10 ns) O2-indicator depicted in the early-stage plasma.