bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Audio and Video Narratives Describing
Financial Successes and Failures on Risk-Taking
in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task
Authors:   Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, Rakhmankulova Zorina , Efimov Kirill ,   Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, Kadieva Dzerassa ,   Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, Ntoumanis Ioannis ,   Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

Narratives can influence risk-taking by shaping perceptions and emotions. In the present study we used first-person audio and video narratives describing either financial successes, failures, or neutral events devoid of any risk references in order to investigate how these types of stimuli affect risk-taking performance in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Audio narratives of different types did not significantly alter risk-taking in the BART. However, videos depicting neutral narratives and narratives about financial successes surprisingly had risk-demoting influence compared to videos about financial failures, indexed by the percentage of popped balloons. The underlying reason for this finding remains to be understood. Additionally, gender differences emerged by the adjusted pumps measure in interaction with stimuli condition. Specifically, female participants displayed riskier tendencies after audio narratives, and conversely, video narratives led to a slight increase in risk-taking among male participants. These results emphasize the significant role of stimuli modality and indexing measures in risk-related studies.
Labor income gap by gender in the Dominican Republic: An analysis of its evolution in the period 2000–2021
Authors: Chalup Calmotti Miguel Sebastiano , Urquidi Zijderveld Manuel , Serrate Mendía Liliana
Published: October 2024

The labor income gap between men and women in Latin America remains a barrier to achieving gender equality and sustainable development. In the Dominican Republic, this gap is particularly prevalent in the informal sector, among self employed workers, and in regions with higher female labor participation. Despite women often having a better job profile than men, the gap persists, pointing to the presence of gender biases.
This paper aims to analyze the gender-based labor income gap in the Dominican Republic from 2000 to 2021, using data from the National Labor Force Surveys conducted by the National Statistics Office (ONE) and harmonized by the Inter- American Development Bank (IDB). Two models are employed for this analysis: the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and the Ñopo decomposition. The primary contribution of this paper lies in its long-term analysis of the gap, which provides insight into how it has evolved over time. The findings reveal a significant and statistically substantial labor income gap that cannot be explained by factors such as work experience or economic sector, suggesting that the causes are likely normative or discriminatory. The gap is most pronounced in the informal sector, among self-employed workers, and in regions with higher female labor participation. Although the analysis spans two decades, no clear trend of increase or decrease in the gap was observed. However, the unexplained portion of the gap has widened considerably, indicating a need for further investigation to understand and address this disparity.
Harmonics: Frequencies of Inheritance from Scotland to Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Pears-Scown Naomi
Published: October 2024

I am a first-generation immigrant from Scotland who moved to Aotearoa, New Zealand as a young child. Using the metaphor of ‘harmonics’, which comes from playing the cello, I consider the ‘frequencies’ I have inherited through two women in my ancestral lineage. This work is grounded by theories of non-linear time, such as ‘quantum entanglements’ and ‘hauntings’, primarily through the work of Karen Barad. My writing theorises an approach to tracing family histories using these ideas from quantum physics alongside ‘harmonics’ as an analytical tool. This method explores how frequencies of inheritance can be tracked through generations and what this might mean for immigrants who do not live in their ancestral lands. In my writing, I recall stories and memories, pad them with historical literature about what was occurring societally at the time, and analyse them through embodied and place-based theories. Towards the end, I finish by elucidating how the ‘harmonics’ of these stories ‘sound’ through me, in poetry. Our ‘I’ is a story of entanglements; our ancestors are the metaphysical and genealogical dust in which we are coated.
Working capital analysis optimises business management efficiency-young aspiring entrepreneurs’ perspective
Authors: Sultana R. Fahima , Pawar Puja Sunil , Binsuwadan Jawaher , Abuhaimed Arwa
Published: October 2024

The study aims to explain the relationship between the effectiveness of a business and its management through the analysis of working capital. The findings prove the complementary relationship. The analysis of working capital will always have a significant impact on the effectiveness of business management. The main objective of any corporation is to be effective in business, which can be achieved by analyzing the working capital. The result shows that analysis of working capital based on factors like operational efficiency, the company’s earnings and profitability, cash management, corporate receivable management, and corporate inventory management creates room for improvement and effectiveness in business management. Firms might enhance finances for business expansion by lowering their working capital requirements. It has also been revealed that there is a considerable difference in industries across time. It was observed that there is a high association between working capital efficiency and firm profitability. A highly efficient corporation is less vulnerable to liquidity risk and is also self-sufficient in terms of external finance. Numerous studies have been done to regulate the true rapport between working capital investments and their impact on financial presentation. It demonstrates that effective investment in working capital management may boost profitability and business value. The relationship between accounting and finance was explained by measuring working capital management in demand to illustrate the status of profitability. It was suggested that accountants take a more professional approach to updating their accounting and finance skills in their organization through effective working capital management.
Tax knowledge in connection with tax compliance in Hungary
Authors: Ambrus Rita Anna , Borbély Katalin
Published: October 2024

During the examination of tax education, a significant part of the professional literature defines taxpayers as a homogeneous group, however, among others, the level of educational attainment and the digital skills of taxpayers are also important. This research investigates the role of knowledge in connection with tax compliance. The article is based on the statements from the professional literature and analysis of secondary data from national and international authorities and institutions. It also includes some comparisons of the components of the COM-B model on the data of nine European countries and sets up a model of tax behaviour based on Hungarian conditions. According to the classification based on the comparison, the performance of Hungary is at the lowest level among nine examined countries. Considering the complexity of the tax system, the knowledge of taxpayers is incomplete in Hungary. A developed version of the COM-B model points out that there is a close connection between capability and opportunity as well and these components can reinforce each other. With the adequate motivation and literacy as well as the knowledge of procedures can facilitate tax compliance. It can be concluded that successful tax education recognises and targets various groups of taxpayers. The Hungarian tax authorities treat taxpayers as a homogeneous group, however, there are slight developments by using several communication channels. In the current situation, the most important is to find the forms and levels of tax education to make the taxpayer able to comply.
Treatment of equine keratomycosis, part 1: selection of appropriate therapy based on clinical presentation and diagnostic testing improves clinical outcomes
Authors: Smith Hannah L. , Love Kim R. , Antezana Ariana , Barr Erin M. , Gilger Brian C. , Oh Annie
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine clinical outcome, treatment costs, and hospitalization duration in horses treated for keratomycosis and identify ophthalmic examination and diagnostic results associated with these outcomes.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of 126 equine keratomycosis cases between 2004 and 2020 with fungal infection confirmed on cytology, culture, and/or histopathology and a minimum of 1-month follow-up. Details of the ophthalmic examination, diagnostic test results, and treatment and cost outcomes were recorded. Outcomes of interest were analyzed by treatment type. The relationship of patient and diagnostic test variables to the outcomes of interest was determined via logistic and linear regression models.

RESULTS

Globe retention and positive visual outcome occurred in 82.5% and 78.9% of medically and 88.4% and 85.5% of surgically treated cases, respectively. While not statistically significant, there were more positive clinical outcomes with surgery; in recent years, the globe and vision were preserved in 94.7% of cases following penetrating keratoplasty. The choice to pursue surgery was related to lesion depth. Medical treatment was associated with statistically shorter hospitalization times and lower total and hospitalization invoices compared to all surgical treatments. Diagnosis of stromal abscess was associated with higher total invoice and longer hospitalization times compared to ulcerative keratomycosis, although clinical outcomes were similar.

CONCLUSIONs

Overall positive clinical outcomes were achieved despite the severity of the disease in many cases, highlighting the need for appropriate treatment selection based on clinical presentation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Expanding knowledge of clinical decision-making, treatment options, and associated clinical and financial outcomes may further improve outcomes for equine keratomycosis patients.
CONTRIBUTION OF HEIGHT, WEIGHT, THIGH CIRCUMFERENCE AND LEG LENGTH TO THE FOOTBALL PLAYING SKILLS OF REAL MADRID ACEH SOCIAL SPORT SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Maulana Darkani
Published: October 2024

The ability to play soccer is influenced by psychological factors and physiological factors. physiological factors, namely physical organs in which height, weight, thigh circumference and leg length. This study aims to determine the height, weight, thigh circumference and leg length contribution to the soccer playing skills of Real Madrid Aceh Social Sports School Students. The population of this study were all athletes of Real Madrid Aceh Social Sports School Students. The results of data analysis can be obtained from the average height of 165, body weight 55.047, thigh circumference 50.5238, the correlation coefficient of leg length (X1) with soccer playing skills (Y) of 0.77, with r count r table (0.77 0.433) so that there is a contribution between X1 and Y. Height, weight, thigh circumference there is a contribution of leg length with soccer playing skills of Real Madrid Aceh Social Sports School Students. Keywords: Anthropomertics, Skills, Playing Football
Metabolic Profile of “Guineo Paso” Aracataca Magdalena Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin Gómez
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the social metabolism of the production of "Guineo paso" in Aracataca, Magdalena, in order to analyze its relationship with strong sustainability and food sovereignty in the region.
 
Theoretical Framework: In this section, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. Social metabolism, strong sustainability, and food sovereignty are highlighted, providing a solid foundation for understanding the context of the investigation.
 
Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes a qualitative and quantitative approach, involving semi-structured interviews with social leaders and the application of the metabolic profile method. Data collection was carried out through interviews and analysis of historical data on biomass appropriation and the number of workers involved in production.
 
Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed a significant increase in biomass appropriation over the years, rising from 13.8 kilograms in 2000 to 90 kilograms in 2022. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications for sustainability and the resilience of agroecological systems. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study, such as variability in labor data, are also considered in this section.
 
Implications of the Research: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of agroecology and food security. These implications may encompass agricultural policies, sustainable production practices, and community resilience strategies.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by offering a detailed analysis of social metabolism in a specific context, highlighting the relationship between agricultural production and sustainability. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its ability to inform sustainable practices and public policies that promote food sovereignty and resilience in agricultural communities.
Impact of Obesity on Gleason Score- Elderly and Very Elderly Patients with Prostate Cancer Indicated for Radical Radiotherapy
Authors: Oliveira Samira Santos de , Godeiro Renata Carlos Dantas , Franca Giulia Nogueira , Martins Júnior Reynaldo Real , Moreira Angela Cristina Marinho , Franca Carlos Antonio da Silva
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Prostate cancer is an important public health concern in Brazil, especially among older men, with a significant mortality rate. In addition to advanced age, obesity emerges as a relevant risk factor, associated with a worse prognosis of the disease.
 
Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and Gleason score in older and very older patients with prostate cancer indicated for radiotherapy treatment.
 
Methods: Prospective, descriptive, and longitudinal study with 258 patients with prostate cancer, evaluating age, initial PSA, BMI, race, and Gleason Score.
 
Result: Findings revealed an association between a higher BMI and a more aggressive degree of disease, as indicated by higher Gleason scores.
Conclusion: Overweight and obese patients have a higher and more evident Gleason score in older patients compared to the very older, being more notable in the older. This study is one of the few studies to examine the link between BMI and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients
Comparison Between Gans and Diffusion Models in the Generation of Synthetic Images for Enhancing Tree Species Recognition
Authors: Sequeira Lucas Nunes , Paula Filho Pedro Luiz de , Eyng Eduardo , Oliveira Fabrício Correia de , Andrade Jakeline da Silva
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study investigates the application of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion Models in data augmentation to improve the classification of tree species images, which is essential for sustainable forest management.   Theoretical Framework: Fundamental concepts of machine learning, generative and classifier networks, as well as data augmentation techniques through synthetic image generation, are presented, establishing a solid foundation for the research.   Method: The research utilized 2,178 images of cross-sections of wood from 18 species, applying Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN) and U-Net with diffusion on a rare species, evaluated using FID and IS metrics. The generated images were used to train and validate classification models, assessed by F1-score.   Results and Discussion: The results revealed that Diffusion Models generated more realistic images and performed better in the classification of the rare species. The discussion contextualizes these results in light of the theoretical framework, exploring their implications for environmental management. Limitations, such as the impact of indiscriminate addition of synthetic data, are also addressed.   Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of forest management and environmental management. These implications may cover areas such as sustainable innovation and biodiversity conservation.   Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the potential of Diffusion Models to outperform GANs in generating synthetic images for sustainable forest management purposes. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its practical application in promoting innovative and sustainable practices in environmental management.
Esvaziamento do conhecimento objetivo e formação escolar para a empregabilidade
Authors: Bernardo Silva Matheus , Fernandes dos Santos Alysson
Published: October 2024

Este estudo procura, via pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica, problematizar a relação entre esvaziamento do conhecimento objetivo na educação escolar e a formação para a empregabilidade. Parte-se da hipótese de que a formação escolar brasileira vigente está direcionada predominantemente para uma formação em proveito da empregabilidade. O objetivo é explicitar criticamente pressupostos sobre a formação escolar direcionada para a empregabilidade, mais precisamente sobre determinadas estratégias didático-pedagógicas hegemônicas em prol do mercado de trabalho. Por meio do materialismo histórico e dialético e da pedagogia histórico-crítica, confirma-se a hipótese aventada, pois o avanço de interesses privados na educação escolar ocorre por meio de uma relação promíscua entre o público e o privado.
Construcción de paz en Llano verde: Reflexiones situadas sobre la justicia transicional, la educación y las políticas públicas en el Distrito de Aguablanca (Cali, Colombia)
Authors: Otálvaro Marín Bairon , Tobar Tovar Carlos Andrés , Vargas Rojas Stephany Mercedes , Barney Díaz María Antonia , Aguirre Santafé Luz Adriana , Guevara Peña Nora Liliana , Arboleda Romero Beatriz Alejandra , Betancourt Torres Valentina , Cuero Bravo Erlendy , Falquez Sinisterra Alejandrina , Posso Restrepo Gabriela
Published: October 2024

Este libro de investigación, es un resultado del proyecto interinstitucional “La construcción de la paz desde abajo y la justicia transicional: una aproximación a los procesos sociales agenciados por jóvenes de AFRODES para la reivindicación de los derechos de las víctimas del conflicto armado en la Urbanización Casas de Llano Verde, comuna 15 de la ciudad de Cali”, financiado por la Red de Universidades para la Innovación del Valle del Cauca (RUPIV), y avalado por la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, la Universidad del Valle, la Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium y con la participación de la Asociación de Afrocolombianos Desplazados (AFRODES Cali). Partimos de la reflexión sobre las prácticas sociales para la construcción de paz en el marco de la discusión nacional sobre la operacionalización de la justicia transicional en los territorios que conforman el distrito de Aguablanca. Si bien, este tema no es muy estudiado, ha cobrado especial relevancia debido al interés por estudiar los recursos organizativos situados con los que se promueven convivencias posibles y deseables en los barrios populares y de bajos ingresos. Además, tal cuestionamiento tiene lugar mientras ocurren cuatro hechos sociales significativos para la historia contemporánea de la ciudad: (1) la firma de los acuerdos de paz en 2016, (2) el aislamiento social causado por la pandemia de Covid-19, (3) la masacre de los jóvenes de Llano Verde, ocurrida el 11 de agosto de 2020, y (4) el Paro Nacional 2021.
Structural Optimization of a Large-Scale 3D-Printed High-Altitude Propeller Blade with Experimental Validation
Authors: Malim Ahmed , Mourousias Nikolaos , Marinus Benoît G. , De Troyer Tim
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a structural optimization of a 3D-printed thermoplastic-core propeller blade for high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles using a genetic algorithm. It aims to minimize the weight of the blade by creating longitudinal holes and spars and to minimize the blade tip deflection during operation at an altitude of 16 km. The objective is to check the validity of a 3D-printed material modeling approach for large-scale and more complex 3D-printed parts, such as hollow twisted blades. The approach is based on attentively selecting the printing parameters that reduce the anisotropy of the 3D-printed parts. The linear isotropic behavior of 3D-printed Polylactic Acid and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene M30 tensile samples, which have been tested at ambient and low temperatures ([Formula: see text]), is utilized to numerically predict the experimental deformation and natural frequencies of 3D-printed substitute and twisted full blades with good accuracy. The validated linear isotropic model of each material is then used to evaluate the objectives and the constraints of the two-objective optimization process using one-way fluid–structure interaction. Four optimized blades have been selected from the Pareto fronts as candidates, printed, and tested in bending and vibration. The numerical and experimental results of the candidate blades in terms of deformation and natural frequencies are in good agreement, proving the validity of the present macroscale approach for large-scale hollow twisted blades.
Democratising the Music Curriculum: Integrating Ubuntugogy for the Africanisation of South African Higher Education
Authors: Yende Sakhiseni Joseph
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been an ongoing debate about the need for redress in South African higher education which is largely informed by Western perspectives, and the music curriculum is no exception. Even though there is growing progress, music education continues to be dominated by the Western classical canon. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive investigation of how ubuntugogy can be successfully and effectively merged into the South African higher education music curriculum. The researcher used ubuntugogy as a theoretical framework to advocate for the integration of ubuntugogy—a teaching philosophy rooted in African values and communal learning—to democratise and Africanise the music curriculum in South African higher education. This article used a qualitative content analysis grounded in examining existing literature on a similar subject under the guidance of the research questions developed earlier. The findings of this study show that ubuntugogy provides an approach that can Africanise the curriculum and pedagogy by incorporating indigenous musical practices, oral traditions, and cultural values into the teaching and learning process. The results of this article revealed that applying ubuntugogy as a method of teaching and learning can help in preparing music education students to engage with the world from a culturally informed and empowered perspective. This article concludes by affirming that ubuntugogy as a method of teaching and learning provides a transformative framework for Africanising music education in South African higher education.
Gender-based Violence amongst Black Visually Impaired Women in Intimate Relationships: A Literature Review
Authors: Nyathi Panddy Nsovo , Ubisi Lindokuhle
Published: October 2024

While activists, policymakers, and gender theorists have developed strategies to address gender-based violence (GBV) or intimate partner violence (IPV) for women and Black women in general, they have not attempted to unpack and strategise interventions for Black women with visual impairment (BWVI) facing GBV in intimate relationships. This literature review sought to explore the reported experiences of GBV amongst BWVI in intimate relationships within Southern Africa, as well as which intervention strategies need to be developed based on their needs. A desktop review of available qualitative and quantitative studies from 2000–2023 was conducted to search for publications to answer the following questions: What are the reported experiences of GBV amongst BWVI in intimate relationships? What interventions need to be developed based on their needs? Intersectionality theory underpinned this study. Literature suggests that BWVI report compounded forms of GBV compared to women without disabilities, given their race, gender, and disability status. However, their experiences of GBV were further complicated by a lack of external support and their dependence on perpetrators, making it harder for them to escape from their abusers. As such, it is suggested that the lack of preventative interventions for BWVI from GBV increases their vulnerability to other forms of abuse. Comprehensive interventions based on an intersectional framework are recommended to develop early risk-reduction and empowering strategies to alleviate GBV amongst BWVI within intimate relationships.
Experiences and Impact of Domestic Violence on Children: A Qualitative Study in the City of Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Mokwena Kebogile Elizabeth , Ramushu Eunice Mamahlagare , Ngema Vukile Msizi , Ramatsui Oria
Published: October 2024

South Africa has a high prevalence of domestic violence, and its impact is commonly limited to the partner, and not adequate attention is paid to its consequences on the children who experience such violence in their home. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of children who are raised in homes where there is domestic violence. The participants were 23 male and female children aged 12 to 16 years who were referred to one of the centres of Families South Africa (FAMSA) in the City of Tshwane because of domestic violence in their homes. A descriptive qualitative design, using in-depth interviews, was employed to collect data and NVivo version 12 was used to analyse the data. Three (3) major themes emerged from the data, these being the impact of domestic violence on children, the long-term social impacts of domestic violence, and coping strategies used by the participants to survive domestic violence. Additionally, seven (7) sub-themes emerged from the three major themes. The findings imply the need to acknowledge that children are direct victims of domestic violence that occurs between their parents. It is recommended that the school health programme in South Africa integrate screening for children who witness domestic violence.
Artificial Intelligence, Smart Applications and Sustainable Consumption: A Theoretical Overview
Authors: Sargın Sinem
Published: October 2024

Sustainable consumption means consuming natural resources consciously, considering future generations. In today's technological age, artificial intelligence and smart applications are used to achieve sustainability goals. In this context, this article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and smart applications on promoting sustainable consumption behavior. Providing a comprehensive theoretical framework, this article explores how AI technologies support informed decision-making, maximize resource management, and deliver positive environmental impact across a variety of industries. Through a variety of examples, from energy management plans to environmentally friendly retail platforms, the effects of artificial intelligence and smart applications on sustainable consumption are highlighted. This article includes examples of smart applications used to promote sustainable consumption around the world and in Türkiye. Natural challenges that need to be overcome, such as algorithmic biases, data privacy issues and the digital divide, are also mentioned. The article offers recommendations for Türkiye, highlighting the importance of financing digital infrastructure, data privacy laws, digital literacy initiatives and innovation ecosystems, with the aim of emphasizing the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) and smart applications for sustainable consumption.
Influência dos movimentos antivacina e da hesitação vacinal no Brasil
Authors: Sobreira André Luis Rodrigues , Bessa Giordana Taiany Barbosa , Vieira Carlos Vitor Miranda , Jacomel Bruna Grazielle Carvalho , Monteiro José Rogério Souza , Aarão Tinara Leila de Souza , Farias Ilka Lorena de Oliveira , Silva Leonardo de Oliveira Rodrigues da , Granato Renan Rocha , Sousa Aline Andrade de
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos movimentos antivacina e da hesitação vacinal sobre a cobertura vacinal no Brasil, em trabalhos publicados na literatura no período entre 2003 e 2023. Revisão bibliográfica: É notável uma redução da cobertura vacinal no território brasileiro ao longo da última década. As explicações para essa retração são diversas e abrangem desde questões relacionadas à infraestrutura de saúde até fatores socioeconômicos e culturais. No entanto, há uma lacuna de pesquisa no que diz respeito à hesitação vacinal e aos fatores que a influenciam, como a disseminação de notícias falsas. Contudo, aproximadamente 17% dos documentos avaliados correlacionam as fake news ao aumento da hesitação vacinal, evidência emergente que sugerem uma influência considerável desse fenômeno. Além disso, a ascensão dos movimentos antivacina tem contribuído negativamente para os índices de vacinação, promovendo discursos baseados em informações cientificamente refutadas, o que cria um ambiente propício para a disseminação de dúvidas sobre a segurança e eficácia das vacinas. Considerações finais: Promover confiança na vacinação, combater a hesitação vacinal e desmantelar a propagação de fake news são cruciais para garantir a eficácia dos programas de imunização no Brasil e proteger a saúde da população.
Assessment of health-related quality of life in individuals with interstitial lung diseases in a tertiary care hospital in south India
Authors: D’Souza Kimberley , Ravichandran Tharini , Venkatnarayan Kavitha , Veluthat Chitra , Devaraj Uma , Ramachandran Priya , Maheswari Krishnaswamy Uma
Published: October 2024

Background & objectives

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) cause progressive symptoms and decline in lung functions which impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Although HRQoL is gaining wider acceptance as an endpoint for disease perception, limited data is available regarding the same in Indians with ILD. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess HRQoL and its correlation with lung function parameters in individuals with ILD in a tertiary care setting in south India.

Methods

A hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients with ILD were recruited between June 2022 to December 2023. HRQoL was assessed using the ILD specific K-BILD, generic EQ-5D-5L and an adapted version of the validated PESaM questionnaires. Correlation between various domains of the three questionnaires and lung function parameters was analyzed followed by linear regression analysis.

Results

The study population consisted predominantly of females (64.1%), with CTD-ILD being the most common ILD (40.8%). HRQoL impairment was noted, predominantly affecting the ‘breathlessness and activity’ domain and significant correlation was noted between K-BILD and EQ-5D-5L across domains. On regression analysis, FVC, 6-minute walk distance and desaturation were independent predictors of HRQoL. Type of ILD and disease duration did not have a significant association with HRQoL measures.

Interpretation & conclusions

‘Breathlessness and activity’ domain of HRQoL was affected the most in participants with ILD. Forced vital capacity, six-minute walk distance and exercise induced desaturation were independent predictors of HRQoL among individuals with ILD.
Evaluating different samples & techniques for hr-HPV DNA genotyping to improve the efficiency of risk profiling for oral & cervical cancers in Sikkim, India
Authors: Gupta Chamma , Sherpa Mingma Lhamu , Lucksom Pesona Grace , Pradhan Anup , Chettri Mohonish N.
Published: October 2024

Background & objectives

Oral and genital HPV infection in men may be a source of cervical diseases in their women partners as well as disease in themselves. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) in physician-collected cervical samples and qPCR in self-collected urine and oral gargle samples of women and men, respectively, for hr-HPV infection status and genotyping.

Methods

One thousand and two hundred biological samples were collected from 200 women (urine, oral gargle, and cervical smear) and 200 men (urine and oral gargle) visiting a referral hospital in the remote Himalayan State of Sikkim. The extracted genomic DNA from urine and gargle samples were profiled for hr-HPV genotypes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and HC2 for cervical samples.

Results

In women, hr-HPV was detected in 17.5 per cent of cervical samples by HC2, 25.5 per cent of urine, and 7 per cent of gargle samples by qPCR. For men, hr-HPV was detected in 8 per cent urine and 5 per cent gargle samples by qPCR. Among the HPV-positive women, 56 per cent of urine samples and 20 per cent of oral samples showed single-genotype infection, while the remaining had multiple genotypes. Amongst the HPV-positive men, 62.7 per cent of urine samples and 85.7 per cent of oral samples showed single-genotype infection while the remaining had multiple genotypes. Compared to Pap, the area under ROC was good for HC2 (AUC=0.89) and for qPCR (AUC= 0.852).

Interpretation & conclusions

HC2 for cervical and qPCR-based HPV DNA assay for urine and gargle sample is suitable for risk profiling for cervical cancer (CC) and oral cancer (OC) screening programmes.
TRANSFUSION AND INFUSION THERAPY FOR MASSIVE BLOOD LOSS. PART 3. PHYSIOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES AND LIMITATIONS WHEN USING PLASMA AND PLATELETS FOR HAEMOSTATIC RESUSCITATION
Authors: PYLYPENKO M.M. , DUBROV S.O.
Published: October 2024

Haemotransfusion for massive bleeding (MB) should be used according to the principles of hemostatic resuscitation and simultaneously restore both oxygen transport (which we wrote about in detail in our previous publication) and compensate for the deficiency of coagulation factors and platelets. Coagulation factors (especially fibrinogen) and platelets are passively lost with the bleeding and are consumed during clot formation. Although the principles of haemostatic resuscitation are known and actively promoted already after a decade, the logistical problems with the availability of single-group fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and, even more so, platelets and cryoprecipitate at the stage of the beginning of resuscitation, are still not resolved. Poor logistics of blood product supply and organizational issues interfere with implementing the principles of haemostatic resuscitation into the routine clinical practice of treating MB in Ukraine. A deficiency of blood components at the initial stage of resuscitation pushes some doctors to transfuse crystalloid and even colloid solutions, which in MB can increase coagulopathy due to blood dilution. In this article, we present the pathophysiological rationale for early recovery of coagulation factors by performing balanced haemostatic transfusion therapy using FFP and cryoprecipitate.
With MB, there is often a need for rapid correction of coagulopathy, and when the patient's blood group has not yet been determined, or when single-group FFP is still not ready for transfusion, then the urgent need for FFP transfusion from a universal AB donor (IV group). Creation of reserves of FFP from a universal donor AB (IV) is advisable in the admission of medical institutions, especially those where, in the case of MK or the numerous and mass occurrence of patients, the occurrence of a deficiency of FSP of another blood group is likely. In the absence of sufficient components and blood products containing coagulation factors and platelets, the possibility of transfusion of warm whole blood or cold whole blood should be considered.
MODIFIED GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR ELECTIVE CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: PADALKO A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The general anesthesia for elective caesarean section is used when there are contraindications to subarachnoid anesthesia, with a total frequency up to 20%. The medical community does not have a single unified algorithm of general anesthesia for this type of surgery. The main disadvantages of the general anaesthesia for caesarean section are a high percentage of the accidental preservation of the patient's consciousness during the operation (1:670) and a pronounced stress reaction to the surgical trauma.
Purpose: To compare the «routine» technique of total intravenous anesthesia with artificial lungs ventilation for elective cesarean section and the modified general anesthesia with adjuvants addition.
Materials and methods: Our study is based on an examination of 60 patients. All patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group is a «routine» method of general anesthesia, the second group is modified general anesthesia with adjuvants addition. Intravenous forms of medical drugs were used as adjuvants: paracetamol (1000 mg), clonidine (100 μg), 30 minutes before surgery. Perioperative monitoring and treatment were based on the recommendations of the American Association of Anesthesiologists, the bispectral index and determination of the stress-induced substances (glucose, cortisol) blood levels were added. The newborns were evaluated with the Apgar scale and umbilical venous blood gas analysis was carried out. The two-sided Student's t-test was used for statistical data processing (p value = 0.001; Student's t-test < -3.466 and > 3.466).
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in mean initial indicators between the two groups. The obtained results demonstrated the presence of statistically significant differences between the two groups: the mean blood pressure in a period after the trachea intubation/beginning of the surgery (t = 24.3); the mean blood pressure in a period of the newborn extraction (t = 25.5); the heart rate in a period after the trachea intubation/beginning of the surgery (t = 11.7); the heart rate in a period of the newborn extraction (t = 21.3); the bispectral index in a period after the trachea intubation/beginning of the surgery (t = 4); the bispectral index in a period of the newborn extraction (t = 8.2); assessment of newborns according to the Apgar scale at 1 minute (t = –4.5); pH of the umbilical venous blood (t = –5.44); PCO2 of the umbilical venous blood (t = 4.8); PO2 of the umbilical venous blood (t = –7.6); the blood glucose level in a period of the newborn extraction (t = 10.9); the plasma cortisol level in a period of the newborn extraction (t = 25.4).
Conclusions: In view of the obtained results, modified general anesthesia with the adjuvants addition (clonidine, acetaminophen) in a period before the birth of a child during elective cesarean section has reasonable (statistically significant) advantages over the «routine» method of general anesthesia.
FEATURES OF ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS. PART 1
Authors: KRAVETS O. , KLYGUNENKO O. , YEKHALOV V. , KOVRYHA O.
Published: October 2024

The non-medical use of cannabis can negatively impact the morpho-functional state of almost all organs and systems of the human body. During acute intoxication and established drug dependence, it can unevenly distort the effects of drugs for local and general anesthesia, leading to life-threatening complications. Part 1 of this review presents the results of acute and chronic cannabis use on homeostasis. Cerebral vasospasm and atherosclerosis are identified as major etiological factors for cannabis-related cerebrovascular diseases. Young to middle-aged individuals (30–50 years), male gender (male-to-female ratio 3.7:1), and chronic use (86%) are significant independent predictors of neurovascular toxicity, cerebral hypoperfusion, and stroke. Cannabis smoking causes damage to the respiratory mucosa similar to tobacco. Regular cannabis smokers can expect irritation of the upper respiratory tract, swelling, obstruction, chronic cough, bronchitis, lung emphysema, and bronchospasm. Some reports advocate the use of dexamethasone during surgery to alleviate these symptoms. The detrimental effects of chronic cannabis use on liver and kidney functions are somewhat overstated. Disturbances in immune system, thermoregulation, blood clotting, and carbohydrate metabolism in the absence of anesthetic precautions can significantly complicate the patient's condition in the perioperative period. Cannabinoids can interact with drugs from various groups. Awareness of the pathophysiological and biochemical consequences of cannabis use allows anesthesiologists to anticipate and effectively manage perioperative complications in this patient category
Образовательный портал как основа формирования и развития информационной среды учебного заведения
Authors: Царапкина Ю.М. , Петрова М.М.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается информационно-коммуникативная среда образовательного учреждения на примере платформы вуза. Дан ретроспективный анализ развития информационно-коммуникативной среды в мировом образовательном пространстве и российской практике, представлена технология разработки учебного курса на электронной платформе вуза.

The article deals with the information and communicative environment of an educational institution on the example of the university platform. A retrospective analysis of information and communication environment development in the global educational space and Russian practice is given, a technology for developing a training course on the university’s electronic platform is presented.
Экологическое образование в целях устойчивого развития (на примере тематической программы по экологическому мониторингу в парке «Зарядье»)
Authors: Климанова О.А. , Марголина И.Л.
Published: October 2024

Работа посвящена проблеме передачи информации по целям устойчивого развития при разработке программ экологического образования, реализуемых на городских территориях. На примере программы «Хранители города», разработанной для территории парка «Зарядье», демонстрируются основные направления экологического образования, востребованные в условиях мегаполиса и базирующиеся на передаче информации по целям устойчивого развития. Программа состоит из пяти занятий, каждое из которых представляет собой отдельное исследование, проводимое учащимися, с дальнейшим анализом полученных результатов и их обсуждением.

The work is devoted to the problem of the information transfer about sustainable development goals in the development of environmental education programs implemented in urban areas. On the example of the «Keepers of the City» programme, developed for the territory of Zaryadye park, the main directions of environmental education demanded in a large metropolis, based on the transfer of information on the sustainable development goals, are demonstrated. The programme consists of five classes, each of which is a separate study conducted by students with a further analysis of the results obtained and their discussion.
Место и роль Балкано-Черноморского региона в политических и военных планах Германии и СССР летом ‒ осенью 1940 года
Authors: Постников А.Г.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена некоторым вопросам дипломатического и военно-политического соперничества между СССР и нацистской Германией за ряд государств Балканского полуострова летом – осенью 1940 года. На основе советских внешнеполитических документов, послевоенных показаний сотрудников МИД Германии и воспоминаний некоторых участников событий прослеживаются и анализируются основные приемы и методы, которые дипломаты обеих держав использовали для привлечения таких стран, как Румыния, Болгария и Турция.

The article is devoted to some issues of diplomatic and military-political rivalry between the USSR and Nazi Germany for a number of States of the Balkan Peninsula in summer and autumn 1940. The basic techniques and methods that diplomats of both powers used to attract countries such as Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey are analyzed on the basis of Soviet foreign policy documents, post-war testimony of the German foreign Ministry and the memories of some participants in the events.
К вопросу о власти Октавиана-Августа в январе 27 г. до н. э.
Authors: Михайловский Ф.А.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена событиям в сенате в январе 27 г. до н. э., когда Октавиан вернул контроль над государством сенату и народу и объявил о восстановлении республики. Автор считает ошибочной гипотезу о сложении тогда принцепсом чрезвычайных полномочий триумвира. Соглашение с сенатом касалось только распределения провинций.

The article is devoted to the events in the Senate in January 27 B. C., when Octavian regained control over the state to the Senate and the people and announced the «restoration of the Republic». The author considers the hypothesis of the addition of the then Princeps extraordinary powers of triumvir to be erroneous. The agreement with the Senate concerned only the distribution of provinces.
Методические основы усвоения учебного содержания школьниками (на примере изучения истории и обществознания)
Authors: Крутова И.В. , Пазин Р.В. , Хубиева А.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются методические аспекты организации усвоения учебного содержания в школе в контексте требований ФГОС. Особое внимание уделяется системности и этапности формирования умений обучающихся. Авторами предложены конкретные пути формирования умений школьников в обучении истории и обществознания.

The article deals with the methodological aspects of the organization of learning content in the school in the context of the requirements of the GEF. Special attention is paid to the system and stages of formation of studentsʼ skills. The authors propose specific ways of formation of studentsʼ skills in teaching history and social science.
Analyse der Chancen und Risiken von KI-basierten Large Language Models am Beispiel von ChatGPT in der innerbetrieblichen IT
Authors: Bulut Cem Sidar , Morelli Frank
Published: October 2024

Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit werden Möglichkeiten eines ChatGPT-Einsatzes in der innerbetrieblichen Informationstechnologie eines Unternehmens untersucht und diskutiert. Neben den Chancenpotenzialen fließen auch Risikoaspekte wie die Gefährdung der IT-Sicherheit oder der Umgang mit sensiblen Daten bei der Einbettung von ChatGPT ein. Aus dieser Betrachtungweise heraus werden Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet.
Entwicklung eines Unterweisungsmoduls für Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2016
Authors: Herrmann Frank , Hilgart Patrick
Published: October 2024

Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz ist in der heutigen Zeit unerlässlich. Die psychische und physische Gesund-heit aller Beschäftigten eines Unternehmens dürfen niemals vernachlässigt werden. Um die Mitarbeiter zu sensibilisieren, sieht der Gesetzgeber regelmäßige Unterweisungen vor. Diese bedeuten für den Unter-nehmer nicht nur Zeitaufwand während den Unter-weisungsterminen, sondern auch bei der Organisation. Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung der Geschäftspro-zesse kann diese Aufgaben erleichtern, menschliche Fehler minimieren und Arbeitszeit einsparen. Die zentralen ERP-Systeme der Unternehmen eignen sich auch in diesem Bereich als Plattform. Für die im Un-ternehmen Pfleiderer Teisnach GmbH & Co. KG ein-gesetzte ERP-Software Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2016 soll ein Unterweisungsmodul programmiert werden, dass auch diese Geschäftsprozesse digitali-siert und zum Großteil automatisiert.