bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
حقلية دراسة الاستخبارات في المؤسسات الأكاديمية دراسة تحليلية مقارنة لدراسات الاستخبارات الأمريكية والبريطانية
Authors: إبراهيم محمد الزين محمد أحمد
Published: July 2024

تقدم هذه الورقة مقاربة نظرية حول دراسة الاستخبارات في الولايات المتحدة والمملكة المتحدة، والبحث في الطبيعة الأكاديمية لتدريس الاستخبارات، والمناهج العلمية فيها. وتنطلق من فرضية أنّ الدور المتزايد الذي تلعبه الاستخبارات أدى إلى تسريع عملية إضفاء الطابع الأكاديمي. ومع تزايد الطلب على ممارسي الاستخبارات، استجابت الجامعات الأمريكية والبريطانية للحاجة المتزايدة لصياغة برامج أكاديمية مخصصة للاستخبارات. تقوم الدراسة على استخدام عدد من المناهج، ولكن بصفة أساسية منهج الحقب التاريخية، والمقارن والحاله لمعالجة إشكالية البحث. وتتمحور المشكلة حول سؤال رئيس: إلى أي مدى استطاع المختصون في مجال الاستخبارات بأمريكا وبريطانيا، التوصل إلى مقاربات، تعد كأساس معرفي وحقل أكاديمي؟ توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج كان أهمها أنّ الاستخبارات أخذت موقعها كحقل علمي مهني أكاديمي، وأنّ النهج الأمريكي يتأثر بالعلوم الإجتماعية، في حين أن النهج البريطاني يركز على التاريخ. وأوصت الدراسة بالسعي نحو توسيع دراسات الاستخبارات كحقل أكاديمي في العالم العربي، وتخصيص برامج لدراسة وتدريس الاستخبارات في الجامعات العربية.
Ecological evolution of salmonids
Authors: Dolganov V. N.
Published: July 2024

For the first time, ecological evolution of salmonid fishes is analyzed using the method of historical biogeography, considering formation of ecology and reproductive biology for these species under planetary climatic and geological changes. Climate cooling in the Cenozoic and associated reconstruction of the food base for salmonids had a major impact on evolution of their ecology. This process began at the Asian coast of the North Pacific much earlier than at the American coast and was much more intense there. The salmonids developed marine and oceanic feeding that led to their stocks increasing and a subsequent imbalance with freshwater prey. Adapting to this imbalance, the species of gen. Oncorhynchus came to irreversible reduction of organs and functions in the fresh water and absolute mortality of producers. Egg development lengthened in cold environments, and anadromous and semi-anadromous salmonid species were forced to spawn earlier, so that the larvae would hatch during the spring bloom of their prey. Gradually, the timing of their spawning shifted from early spring to winter and then to fall; accordingly, the spawning run to the rivers began earlier, in particular in the northern areas. The spawning season of atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta shifted to a fall and spring-summer spawning run in the north of their range and to a winter-spring and fall spawning run in the south of their range, but there is currently no reason to consider these runs as seasonal races, given that both cases evolved from a single run in the process of evolutionary changes when the spawning season was interrupted by either winter cooling or summer warming in the lower river reaches and at the coast. The northern and southern populations of salmonid fishes in the Pacific separated, too, because of these ecological changes in the late Pliocene, in conditions of cold climate. Being in isolation, they diverged enough to be considered as separate taxa rather than seasonal races.
Migration behavior for sockeye salmon adults of early race in the tributaries of Lake Nachikinskoye (western Kamchatka)
Authors: Zaporozhets O. M. , Zaporozhets G. V.
Published: July 2024

Several stages are determined in the early run of sockeye salmon into tributaries of Lake Nachikinskoye: i) maturation of adults at depth, ii) concentration of adults in the mouths of the main tributaries, iii) entry of small flocks of the spawners into tributaries over a short distance, iv) upstream movement of lager flocks, v) thinning of flocks and formation of pairs, vi) spawning, and vii) death of spawned fish. In the large, stable accumulations formed in the mouths of tributaries, salmon choose paths for onward movement in the process of homing, by decoding imprinting information. There, aggregations of spawners are differentiated into separate flocks going to spawn on different spawning grounds. A peculiarity of this population of sockeye salmon is the retention of individuals not ready for spawning in many pits and catches of the rivers, with formation of well-visible compact schools, which dissipate as the fish mature. Filling of the spawning grounds in tributaries is determined by their characteristics, and typically occurs with a dome-shaped dynamics of intensity. The upward long-term trend in filling of the spawning grounds is observed in the lower Taburetka River (before its tributaries), while the downward trend — in the tributaries. Data on the filling for the last 5 years are presented. The greatest contribution to reproduction of the early sockeye salmon in Lake Nachikinskoye is provided by the lower reaches of the Taburetka River (41 %), whereas its tributary, the Verkhnyaya River, contributes 20 % and inputs of other tributaries are noticeably lower. In conditions of degradation for a part of the spawning grounds due to increased anthropogenic impact, all existing subpopulations should be preserved as productive as possible.
A Modular Semi-Synthetic Approach to Generate T cell-Dependent Bispecific Constructs from Recombinant IgG1 Antibodies
Authors: Shajan Irene , Rochet Lea , Tracey Shannon , Benazza Rania , Jackowska Bianka , Hernandez-Alba Oscar , Cianferani Sarah , Scott Christopher , van Delft Floris , Chudasama Vijay , Albada Bauke
Published: July 2024

Redirecting T cells to tumor cells by bispecific antibodies is an effective approach to treat cancer and T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies (TDBAs) are an emerging class of potent immunotherapeutic agents. By simultaneously targeting antigens on tumor cells and that on T cells, T cells are activated to kill tumor cells. Herein, we report a platform to gener-ate a novel class of 2:1 structure of T cell-dependent bispecific antibody with bivalency for HER2 receptors on tumor cells and monovalency for CD3 receptors on T cells. For this, we use a biogenic inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) click reaction on genetically encoded tyrosine residues to install one TCO-handle on the therapeutically ap-proved antibody trastuzumab. Subsequent TCO-tetrazine click with a tetrazine-functionalized CD3-binding Fab yields a 2:1 HER2×CD3 TDBA that exhibits tumor killing capability at picomolar concentrations. Monovalency towards CD3 recep-tor on T cells can lower chances of cytokine release syndrome, which is a common side effect of such agents. Our semi-synthetic approach can generate highly potent TDBA constructs in a few chemoenzymatic and synthetic steps.
Catalytic Resonance Theory: Forecasting the Flow of Programmable Catalytic Loops
Authors: Murphy Madeline , Noordhoek Kyle , Gathmann Sallye , Dauenhauer Paul , Bartel Christopher
Published: July 2024

Chemical transformations on catalyst surfaces occur through series and parallel reaction pathways. These complex networks and their behavior can be most simply evaluated through a three-species surface reaction loop (A* to B* to C* to A*) that is internal to the overall chemical reaction. Application of an oscillating dynamic catalyst to this reactive loop has been shown to exhibit one of three types of behavior: (1) a positive net flux of molecules about the loop in the clockwise direction, (2) a negative net flux of molecules about the loop in the counterclockwise direction, or (3) negligible flux of molecules about the loop at the limit cycle of reaction. Three-species surface loops were simulated with microkinetic modeling to assess the reaction loop behavior resulting from a catalytic surface oscillating between two or more catalyst surface energy states. Selected input parameters for the simulations spanned 11-dimensional parameter space using 127,688 different parameter combinations. Their converged limit cycle solutions were analyzed for their loop turnover frequencies, the majority of which were found to be approximately zero. Classification and regression machine learning models were trained to predict the sign and magnitude of the loop turnover frequency and successfully performed above accessible baselines. Notably, the classification models exhibited a baseline weighted F1 score of 0.48, whereas trained models achieved weighted F1 scores of 0.91 and 0.96 when trained on the parameters used to define the simulations and derived rate constants, respectively. The trained models successfully predicted catalytic loop behavior, and interpretation of these models revealed all input parameters to be important for the prediction and performance of each model.
Extension of anti-H1R allergy space candidates by computational co-evolution
Authors: coll julio
Published: July 2024

Histamine is a physiological molecule that binds to four organ-dependent similar 3D-receptors (HR) signaling activation to diverse mammalian functions. Excessive histamine concentrations trigger IgE-dependent allergies, anaphylactic shocks, inflammation, blood vessel dilatation, neurotransmission alterations, heart arrhythmias and other undesirable effects. H1R antihistamines have been used during years to reduce histamine high levels. Some antihistamines, however induced out-of-target impacts such as brain somnolence, potassium-channel-dependent heart arrhythmias or other effects because of HRs cross-bindings. This work computationally explored new H1R docking molecules with predicted antihistamine activities by co-evolution. Rather than screening large molecular banks, natural evolution was mimicked starting from parent molecules from second-generation antihistaminic drugs. Thousands of children fitting H1R histamine cavities were generated predicting low-toxicities and sub-nanoMolar affinities. Restricted co-evolutions increased the specificity of hundreds of fitted-children by reducing ~1000-fold their HR crossdockings.
Towards Energy Sustainability: A Literature Review of Green Software Development
Authors: Taco Jiménez Angelo Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

In the organizational and business environment, the increasing consumption of electrical energy by IT equipment poses a challenge in terms of cost as well as environmental impact. To address this problem, a literature review is proposed to collect and examine the most recent developments in the field of green software and their impact on energy efficiency. To carry out this literature review, the PICo search strategy was adapted and implemented and a total of 23 relevant articles were selected. In relation to the problem addressed, the concept of green software, which seeks to create efficient and sustainable programs that optimize energy consumption, has been developed. The tools and practices of sustainable software design, techniques for the development of energy-efficient systems and approaches on how to address the problems of energy consumption in data centers and cloud computing are explored.
Exploring Stroke Risk Identification by Machine Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Atencia Mondragon Lelis Raquel , Huarcaya Carbajal Melany Cristina , Guzmán Jiménez Rosario
Published: July 2024

This work aims to systematize previous studies on stroke risk identification and its relationship with machine learning. A systematic review was conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The information was organized into three sections: stroke risk factors, data preprocessing techniques and techniques for identifying stroke risk with an emphasis on the most important features. The main results are as follows: risk factors are divided into modifiable (work environment and air pollution) and non-modifiable (sex, family history). The most commonly used data preprocessing techniques are SMOTE, standardization and value elimination/imputation. The most commonly used techniques for identifying stroke risk include support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbors and decision tree.
Diseño de un aplicativo (AI-Pills) que reconoce medicamentos mediante el uso de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Aliaga Carolina , Dominguez Jesús , Liña Iris , Acuña Javier
Published: July 2024

En el presente trabajo se realizará una propuesta para el desarrollo de un aplicativo móvil innovador capaz de satisfacer las necesidades de algunas personas, pues puede reconocer una pastilla indicada en tiempo real, tan solo escaneándola con la cámara del celular. Para esto, partimos de una necesidad muy común en personas de tercera edad y de otras con discapacidad o dificultades visuales, a quienes se les complica encontrar el nombre del medicamento debido a que las letras son muy pequeñas. La aplicación utiliza tecnología avanzada de reconocimiento de imágenes y una base de datos integral de medicamentos para proporcionar información confiable sobre los fármacos prescritos.
Metronomic chemotherapy in pediatric neurooncology: insight the problem. A review
Authors: Dinikina Yulia V. , Zheludkova Olga G. , Ryzhova Marina V. , Olhova Liudmila V. , Korneev Denis Yu. , Belogurova Margarita B.
Published: July 2024

Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is a promising direction of anticancer therapy, as well as in pediatric oncology, and its administration in patients with refractory and recurrent tumors of the central nervous system becomes increasingly relevant. Being a regimen of low doses of antitumor agents with different mechanisms of action in a continuous mode for a long time, it allows to overcome the resistance of tumor cells and to minimize the toxic effects of treatment. Today, the issues of rational choice of MCT regimens, which are dependent on the type of tumor, and the application of biomarkers of its effectiveness, remain controversial. The article discusses in detail the biological effects of MCT with an accent on antiangiogenic one, as well as the possibilities and limitations of MCT application in pediatric practice and the results of studies in tumors of the central nervous system.
Cardiovascular toxicity of chemotherapy and thyroid status of patients with gastric and colon cancer: Current state of the problem. A review
Authors: Stanoevich Irina V. , Ioutsi Vitaliy A. , Lysovolenko Natalya L. , Alekseev Ilya E. , Kondrashkina Alina D. , Polianskii Maksim B. , Pis'mennaia Ekaterina V.
Published: July 2024

Cardiovascular and oncological diseases are the main causes of disability and mortality in Russia, sharing common risk factors and exacerbating each other. The specific toxicological effects of fluoropyrimidines, platinum drugs, and taxanes commonly used in the treatment of gastric and colorectal malignancies have been noted to potentially contribute to the onset of cardiovascular pathologies in some cases. However, the manifestation and prevalence of cardiovascular toxicity due to cancer treatment regimens are influenced by various factors beyond just the chemotherapy protocols employed. Gender, age, overall health status (including cardiac and thyroid functions), and other risk factors play significant roles in the development and progression of heart and vascular diseases in these patients. Thyroid dysfunction, even in the absence of severe clinical symptoms, can significantly impact the course of cardiovascular pathologies, complicating the management of toxic effects associated with polychemotherapy on both the cardiac muscle and vascular system. This paper analyzes modern ideas about pathogenetic relationship between cardiovascular diseases and gastric and colon cancer. The profile and mechanism of cardiovascular toxicity of chemotherapy in patients with gastric and colon cancer, pathogenetic relationship of thyroid status and cardiovascular diseases are presented. Organizational management issues of chemotherapy toxicity are briefly highlighted.
Acinar cells of the pancreas as an independent predictor of the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula: A review
Authors: Podluzhny Danil V. , Kotelnikov Alexey G. , Sagaydak Igor V. , Polyakov Alexander N. , Kudashkin Nikolay E. , Arkhiri Peter P. , Sakibov Bairamali I. , Tamrazova Maryam R. , Egenov Omar A.
Published: July 2024

Analysis of data published in the modern literature on the role of the number of functioning acinar cells of the pancreas as a prognostic marker of the development of pancreatic fistula. The search for sources was carried out in the systems Clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, Medline, NCCN, Scopus, Elibrary. In writing the literature review, 52 sources published from 2004 to 2022 were used. Included are studies reflecting the importance of functioning acinar cells at the edge of pancreatic resection, as well as other factors associated with the development of pancreatic fistula and other post-resection complications. A large number of acinar cells (40%) and a low collagen content (15%) in the edge of pancreatic resection significantly correlates with the development of pancreatic fistula. The content of adipose tissue in the edge of pancreatic resection showed no connection with the development of pancreatic fistula and other complications after surgery. Palpatory assessment of the structure of the pancreatic parenchyma is subjective and can lead to erroneous interpretation and adoption of inadequate tactics of preventive measures. Intraoperative counting of acinuses at the edge of pancreatic resection is easy to use, while not yielding to more complex methods for assessing the risk of post-resection complications and can be recommended as a routine method for predicting the occurrence of pancreatic fistula
Effect of internal subtype on the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in advanced HR+/HER2breast cancer: A review
Authors: Grechukhina Katerina S. , Filonenko Daria A. , Sukhova Margarita V. , Zhukova Liudmila G.
Published: July 2024

The classification of breast cancer (BC) by immunohistochemical phenotypes is widely used in routine clinical practice. However, the genetic profile of the tumor does not always correspond to the pathomorphological one, which can significantly affect the prognosis and predict the effectiveness of therapy in BC. This literature review examines the effectiveness of endocrine therapy depending on the internal subtype of BC, and also presents data on the effectiveness of CDK4/6 inhibitors in these subgroups. It has been shown that during metastasis, the tumor acquires a more aggressive subtype (for example, it switches from luminal to HER2-E or basal-like), which can be stopped when using CDK4/6 inhibitors: the change of the internal subtype passes into a more favorable group.
Second line chemotherapy for advanced biliary cancer: FOLFOX versus FOLFIRI: Analysis of retrospective and prospective data
Authors: Savchenko Ilya V. , Stilidi Ivan S. , Dzhanyan Irina A. , Antonova Elena Yu. , Polyakov Alexander N. , Egorova Angelina V. , Chulkova Svetlana V. , Breder Valeriy V.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of second-line polychemotherapy according to FOLFOX or FOLFIRI regimen in patients with biliary tract tumours after progression during first-line chemotherapy (CT).
Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of retrospective and prospective data on the examination and treatment of 94 patients with biliary cancer of grades T1-4N0-2M0-1 followed-up and treated at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2015 to 2023. All patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (FOLFOX, n=47) and Group 2 (FOLFIRI, n=47). In Group 1, patients received the recommended FOLFOX second-line CT regimen. Patients in Group 2 received FOLFIRI regimen. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events.
Results. The study included 94 patients. In the FOLFOX group, the median OS was 13.0 months (1-year OS was 57.8±7.4%); for the FOLFIRI group, the median OS was 12.3 months (1-year OS was 54.4±7.3%). The toxicity profiles of FOLFOX and FOLFIRI were acceptable and consistent with those reported for the regimens. According to the grade 3–4 toxicity data, diarrhea was significantly more common in the FOLFIRI group (p=0.014), and neurotoxicity was more common in the FOLFOX group (p=0.006). During the second-line CT, the frequency of grade 1–4 toxicities in the groups did not differ: 18 (38.3%) events in the FOLFOX group and 19 (40.0%) events in the FOLFIRI group.
Conclusion. Our results of evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of the second-line polychemotherapy regimens show that the FOLFOX and FOLFIRI CT regimens have equal efficacy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer with a good performance according to the ECOG scale, who previously received the first-line therapy with a combination of gemcitabine with a platinum agent (cisplatin or oxaliplatin); also, our data demonstrate similar toxicity profiles of these regimens.
Long-term dynamics of epidemiological characteristics of some chronic leukemia and lymphoma in Moscow before, during and after the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Epidemiologic study
Authors: Vinogradova Olga Yu. , Chernikov Mikhail V. , Neverova Anna L. , Kosenkova Victoria P. , Kochkareva Yulia B. , Shikhbabaeva Dzhariiat I. , Pankrashkina Maria M. , Sharkunov Nikolai N. , Ptushkin Vadim V.
Published: July 2024

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic, which swept the world in 2020–2021, had a significant impact on the epidemiological picture of hematological malignancies.
Aim. To study the dynamics of epidemiological indicators of five chronic hemoblastoses in Moscow over a 12-year period, and also to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these indicators.
Materials and methods. A population-based study was conducted for five types of oncohematological diseases: multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia. The annual rates of morbidity, mortality, prevalence of these nosologies, overall survival, and expected overall survival were calculated. Gender and age characteristics for each disease were determined.
Results and discussion. The present study showed a uniform increase in the incidence and prevalence of five hematological malignancies between 2012 and 2019. Convincing evidence of an increase in mortality and a decrease in the number of diagnosed cases in comparison with the expected figures for these hematological malignancies in 2020–2021 was presented. A greater reduction was shown for cases diagnosed at early stages compared to later ones. During the pandemic, a significant increase in mortality was recorded among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma, while in cohorts of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma it increased slightly. The return of morbidity, mortality and prevalence rates to the original dynamics in 2022–2023 has been demonstrated.
Conclusion. This study demonstrated the features of the regional pattern of incidence, mortality, prevalence and gender-age characteristics of five hematological malignancies and provided the changes in the indicators dynamics of different hematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma: problem state in Russia
Authors: Poddubnaya Irina V. , Babicheva Lali G.
Published: July 2024

Background. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies, the vast majority of which are B-cell tumors. The most common variant of NHL is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), characterized by an aggressive course, which accounts for 30–40% of all NHL. The second most common is follicular lymphoma (FL), traditionally classified as an indolent variant accounting for up to 25% of all NHL. Current therapies for these lymphoproliferative disorders which includes innovative drugs in the 1st line of therapy (LT) have demonstrated high efficacy. However, some patients develop a relapse or a refractory disease. Despite recent significant progress in the development and implementation of innovative targeted drugs, in most cases, it is not possible to achieve persistent long-term remissions after disease relapse, which leaves patients with an unmet need for effective and well-tolerated treatment options.
Aim. To obtain objective data on the incidence, clinical course, and effectiveness of therapy for the most common variants of NHL in real-world practice in Russia.
Materials and methods. From February to March 2023, 130 hematologists and oncologists from 30 regions of Russia were surveyed to update the data on DLBCL and FL.
Results. Over the past 12 months, 5,689 patients with NHL were observed, of which 56% had DLBCL; 62% of them received the 1st LT, 22% received the 2nd LT, 10% received the 3rd LT, and only a few reached later lines. Analysis of the administered treatment options in the 2nd and 3rd LTs shows that there is no standard of care for this population, and the effectiveness of the regimens used in real-world Russian practice is extremely low. FL accounted for 23% of all 5,689 patients with NHL, of which 56% were newly diagnosed and 44% received treatment for relapse. The majority of patients with FL who received ≥3 LTs had an inferior prognosis and rapid disease progression: the median time from diagnosis to the beginning of the 3rd LT was only 26.4 months. The analysis of treatment options for patients with relapsed FL indicates a lack of standard and effective therapies.
Conclusion. Relapsed and refractory DLBCL and FL represent a complex clinical situation where the main goal of treatment is disease control due to the impossibility of achieving stable remissions with existing treatment options. Clinicians with great hope are looking to the emergence of new classes of drugs that will be able to improve the prognosis for this complex population.
Immunohistochemical factors of prognosis of immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma: А prospective and retrospective study
Authors: Oganesyan Liana V. , Zavalishina Larisa E. , Ognerubov Nikolai A. , Kostalanova Iuliia V. , Orlov Andrey E. , Poddubnaya Irina V.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (IT) is becoming the standard treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors are only effective in a fraction of patients, and studies examining biological markers and their correlation with clinical efficacy are insufficient to draw unambiguous conclusions.
Aim. To improve the outcomes of the first-line therapy for disseminated melanoma based on identifying clinical and immunohistochemical predictors of IT efficacy.
Materials and methods. Data from 130 patients who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab or prolgolimab) in the first-line therapy for disseminated melanoma between 2017 and 2024 were analyzed.
Results. Improvement was observed in 24 patients (18.4%): complete response in 18 patients (13.8%), partial response in 6 (4.6%), and stabilization in 71 (54.6%) patients. Progression was reported in 31 (24%) patients. Death occurred in 4 (3%) cases during IT with prolgolimab due to disease progression. The two-year disease-free survival (DFS) during IT was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42–67), p=0.63; the median 2-year overall survival was not reached. In the immunohistochemical study, 47 (63.5%) patients had a predominance of tumor infiltration with CD8 lymphocytes over CD4, regardless of the IT type: 2-year DFS 82% (95% CI 70–96) vs 13% (95% CI 2.7–64) in the absence of CD8 predominance over CD4, p=0.0001; the median DFS was not reached in patients with the predominance of CD8 lymphocytes tumor infiltration over CD4 compared to the other group – 7.6 months in the absence of this feature (95% CI 5.8–0), p=0.001. The peritumoral location of the immune lymphoid infiltrate was observed in all 74 (100%) patients, and the intratumoral location was less common (52 patients, 70%). In the presence of both periand intratumoral location of the immune infiltrate, the 2-year DFS was 83% (95% CI 70–98) compared to the group of patients in whom no intratumoral location was detected – 5.5% (95% CI 0.8–36), p0.0001. The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) level 10% was observed in 47 (63.5%) patients. With this level of PD-L1 expression, the one-year DFS was 91% (95% CI 83–100) compared to 29% (95% CI 15–57) with a lower level of PD-L1 expression, p0.0001; the median DFS is reached, and in the group 2, DFS was only 6.6 months. In the case of PD-L110%, the 2-year DFS was high at 78% (95% CI 63–100), p0.0001.
Conclusion. Based on the study's results, it can be assumed that immunohistochemical characteristics such as a PD-L1 expression level 10%, the simultaneous presence of periand intratumoral lymphoid tumor infiltration, and the predominance of CD8 over CD4 can be considered predictors of IT efficacy with nivolumab and prolgolimab.
ĐÁNH GIÁ THÍCH HỢP ĐẤT ĐAI PHỤC VỤ PHÁT TRIỂN VÙNG CHUYÊN CANH CÂY TRỒNG BƯỞI THANH TRÀ TẠI HUYỆN PHONG ĐIỀN, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Bình Nguyễn Văn , Hương Trần Thị Thùy , Hiền Trần Thị Diệu
Published: July 2024

Huyện Phong Điền nằm ở phía Bắc tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, trải rộng trên cả ba vùng: núi đồi, đồng bằng, đầm phá và bờ biển. Việc chọn cây trồng chuyên canh thích hợp là cây bưởi Thanh Trà và đầu tư trồng trọt với sản lượng đạt hiệu quả kinh tế, tính đến thành phẩm để tạo sản phẩm thương hiệu cho huyện là điều cần thiết. Nhằm xác định vùng chuyên canh trồng cây bưởi Thanh Trà theo hướng bền vững ở huyện Phong Điền, chúng tôi đã ứng dụng công nghệ GIS và AHP và đánh giá thích nghi đất đai theo bốn cấp độ: Rất thích hợp (S1), Thích hợp (S2), Ít thích hợp (S3) và Không thích hợp (N). Chúng tôi đã xây dựng được bản đồ đơn tính (loại đất, thành phần cơ giới đất, độ dốc, tầng dày, độ phì, tưới tiêu) và thành lập được 111 đơn vị bản đồ đất đai trên tổng diện tích 95.375,1 ha của vùng và xây dựng bản đồ phân vùng thích hợp đất trồng cây bưởi Thanh Trà. Trong số đơn vị bản đồ đất đai thì tám đơn vị đạt mức thích hợp S1, 40 đơn vị đạt mức thích hợp S2 và 32 đơn vị nằm ở mức không thích hợp N. Các đơn vị bản đồ này giúp các nhà hoạch định ra quyết định lựa chọn phương án bố trí sử dụng đất đai phù hợp.
ĐỊNH DANH VÀ NHÂN GIỐNG GỪNG ĐEN (Distichochlamys citrea) BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÂM HOM
Authors: Hiền Huỳnh Thị Diệu , Nguyên Phan Thị Thảo , Quang Hồ Nhật , Chi Hồ Anh , Tuấn Nguyễn Đức , Trung Lê Nguyễn Thới , Hà Trần Thị Thu , Phượng Trương Thị Bích
Published: July 2024

Distichochlamys citrea là loại dược liệu đặc hữu của Việt Nam và có tác dụng quý trong điều trị nhiều loại bệnh. Các mẫu gừng đen thu thập từ Vườn Quốc gia Bạch Mã có sự khác biệt về màu sắc và dạng thân, lá, nên việc xác định chính xác loài dựa vào hai đặc điểm này là cần thiết để thu đúng loài D. citrea. Chúng tôi đã xác định đặc điểm hình thái và phân tử của các mẫu gừng đen và đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các nhân tố đến nhân giống cây D. citrea bằng phương pháp giâm hom. Với chỉ thị ITS, chúng tôi nhận thấy các mẫu gừng này thuộc loài Distichochlamys citrea. Củ có khối lượng 2 g là thích hợp cho giâm hom. Việc sử dụng Trichoderma (0,2 kg/kg hom củ) cho xử lý hom củ và giâm trên giá thể gồm xơ dừa, cát, đất sạch, phân giun quế và trấu hun (tỷ lệ 1:1:1:1:1) có ảnh hưởng tốt nhất đến sinh trưởng của cây gừng đen. Dung dịch tưới IBA 100 ppm là phù hợp cho sinh trưởng và tạo rễ của các cây giâm hom. Sau chín tháng giâm củ, chúng tôi đạt được kết quả sau: 3,2 chồi/hom, 9,6 rễ/hom, rễ dài 21,29 cm, cây cao 25,75 cm và 3,58 lá/cây.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA LIỀU LƯỢNG PHÂN HỮU CƠ ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG, NĂNG SUẤT VÀ CHẤT LƯỢNG CỦA CÂY RAU MÁ (CENTELLA ASIATICA) QUẢNG THỌ
Authors: Thảo Nguyễn Thị Thu , Huệ Nguyễn Thị , Cơ Nguyễn Quang , Hải Trương Thị Hồng
Published: July 2024

Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng phân chuồng hữu cơ đóng bao, phân đạm cá hữu cơ Fish Emulsion và phân bón lá rong biển. Thí nghiệm được tiến hành từ tháng 4 đến tháng 10 năm 2022 gồm có 11 công thức với ba lần lặp lại. Kết quả cho thấy phân hữu cơ đã ảnh hưởng có ý nghĩa đến khả năng sinh trưởng, năng suất và chất lượng của rau má Quảng Thọ. Công thức bón 30 tấn phân hữu cơ kết hợp với 0,5% phân đạm cá Fish Emulsion cho năng suất kinh tế cao nhất (5,35 tấn/ha).
THỰC TRẠNG SẢN XUẤT, ĐẶC ĐIỂM NÔNG SINH HỌC VÀ KHẢ NĂNG CHỐNG CHỊU SÂU BỆNH HẠI CỦA GIỐNG NẾP NGỰ SA HUỲNH TẠI TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI
Authors: Hạnh Trần Xuân , Hiếu Nguyễn Thanh , Toản Hoàng Kim , Liêm Nguyễn Thanh , Thi Nguyễn Đình
Published: July 2024

Nếp ngự Sa Huỳnh là giống đặc sản địa phương và được tỉnh Quảng Ngãi xác định là nguồn gen cây trồng cần nghiên cứu và phát triển. Chúng tôi đã tiến hành nghiên cứu này trong vụ Mùa 2022 và vụ Đông Xuân 2022–2023 tại xã Phổ Châu và xã Phổ Thạnh, thị xã Đức Phổ. Chúng tôi đã mô tả 29 chỉ tiêu về đặc điểm hình thái và đánh giá các chỉ tiêu về sinh trưởng phát triển, năng suất và chất lượng của giống. Hạt nếp có mùi thơm nhẹ đặc trưng (hai điểm); hàm lượng amylose là 1,89–1,93% và protein là 8,07–8,14%. Năng suất vụ Mùa là 3,2 tấn/ha và vụ Đông – Xuân là 4 tấn/ha. Giống nếp này ít bị nhiễm các loại sâu bệnh hại. Trong vụ Mùa cây nhiễm sâu bệnh nặng hơn so với trong vụ Đông – Xuân. Giống đang được gieo trồng chủ yếu trong vụ Đông – Xuân trên diện tích hơn 70 ha. Người dân tự để giống hoặc trao đổi giống với nhau và gieo 100–110 kg/ha. Lượng phân bón cho 1 ha là 5 tấn phân chuồng, 90 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 và 60 kg K2O. Đây là thông tin quan trọng để xây dựng các biện pháp kỹ thuật phù hợp nhằm bảo tồn, khai thác và phát triển giống nếp ngự Sa Huỳnh đặc sản ở địa phương.
MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH THÁI VÀ ĐỊNH DANH CÂY TRE A HUM TẠI HUYỆN A LƯỚI, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Long Nguyễn Tiến , Long Đặng Thanh , Thắng Hồ Thị , Thủy Nguyễn Thị Thu
Published: July 2024

Tre A Hum là loại cây có nhiều lợi ích trong cuộc sống của người dân huyện A Lưới, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đánh giá đặc điểm hình thái của tre A Hum tại xã Hồng Bắc, xã Hồng Thủy và Thị trấn A Lưới và định danh loài tre này bằng phương pháp sinh học phân tử. Kết quả cho thấy, cây tre A Hum 8 tuổi có chiều cao trung bình 12,34–13,04 m, đường kính gốc trung bình đạt                  3,83–5,24 cm. Chiều dài lóng trung bình ở vị trí lóng thứ 5 đạt từ 26,41–27,92 cm, ở vị trí lóng thứ 10 đạt từ                  32,14–33,67 cm, ở vị trí lóng thứ 15 đạt từ 39,32–41,34 cm. Chiều rộng trung bình lá đạt từ 2,29–5,16 cm, chiều dài lá đạt từ 17,98–24,54 cm. Đường kính măng đạt từ 3,50–5,83 cm và khối lượng măng đạt 0,58–1,11 kg/măng. Kết quả phân loại sinh học phân tử dựa trên vùng gene rbcL của hệ gene lục lạp cho thấy, kích thước vùng gene rbcL của 30 mẫu tre A Hum được xác định khoảng 597 bp. Loài tre A Hum ở huyện A Lưới, Thừa Thiên Huế, Việt Nam là Gigantochloa verticillata HUIB_AH01. Kết quả nghiên cứu này sẽ góp phần bổ sung cơ sở khoa học trong việc phục tráng và phát triển bền vững loài tre A Hum tại khu vực nghiên cứu.
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSES TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE VIETNAMESE STOCK MARKET’S PERFORMANCE: A SECTOR-INDEX APPROACH
Authors: Ngoc Tran Thi Bich , Huong Pham Hoang Cam , Cong Bui Thanh
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and how the government’s intervention influenced the performance of the Vietnamese stock market, including Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi stock exchanges, at the whole market level and especially at the sector level. Panel data at the sector level is obtained from 31 January 2020 to 23 July 2021 and divided into four different periods corresponding to the COVID-19 waves in Vietnam. GARCH (1,1) is used to predict stock market volatility and the random effect is employed in the panel regression model. The findings show that while stock market returns on the Ho Chi Minh stock exchange did not witness a significant change before and during the pandemic, empirical result indicates that stock market returns on the Hanoi stock exchange significantly changed. Stock market volatilities indicate a significant increase once the pandemic occurs in Vietnam on both stock exchanges. Specifically, the magnitude of the Covid-19 influence weakens over time. More importantly, we find that the intervention of the Vietnamese government significantly lessens the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the stock market, especially in the fourth period corresponding to the ongoing wave of COVID 19. The results of this study might offer a useful reference for governors, investors, and other scholars in future public policies and empirical research.
CÁC NHÂN TỐ THÚC ĐẨY HÀNH VI HƯỚNG ĐẾN MÔI TRƯỜNG TẠI NƠI LÀM VIỆC CỦA NHÂN VIÊN DỊCH VỤ KHÁCH SẠN TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN THÀNH PHỐ HUẾ
Authors: Lộc Hoàng Bá , Hùng Hoàng Trọng
Published: July 2024

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phân tích các yếu tố tác động đến hành vi hướng đến môi trường tại nơi làm việc của nhân viên dịch vụ khách sạn ở thành phố Huế. Nghiên cứu sử dụng số liệu từ kết quả khảo sát 368 nhân viên dịch vụ khách sạn trên địa bàn thành phố Huế và áp dụng phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA), phân tích nhân tố khẳng định CFA và mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM). Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng hai yếu tố “chính sách bảo vệ môi trường địa phương”, “văn hóa tổ chức xanh” đã tác động tích cực đến cam kết môi trường và mong muốn bảo vệ môi trường của nhân viên, từ đó ảnh hưởng tích cực đến hành vi hướng đến môi trường tại nơi làm việc của nhân viên dịch vụ khách sạn. Trên cơ sở kết quả phân tích, một số chính sách và hàm ý quản trị đã được đề xuất.
Diseño de un vehículo tripulado de exploración exoplanetaria
Authors: Arguello Juan Manuel , Albarracín Campos Laury Valentina , Delgado Sánchez Silvia Fernanda , Martínez Serpa Juan Camilo
Published: July 2024

El diseño conceptual de un vehículo tripulado de exploración exoplanetaria, se desarrolló a partir de la necesidad de la implementación de un sistema de suspensión por eslabones, para un vehículo tripulado que se enfrentará a topografías hostiles, por medio de la propuesta de un prototipo virtual, utilizando una metodología para el desarrollo de productos de forma estructurada, y haciendo una revisión exhaustiva de soluciones creadas por las diferentes agencias espaciales a nivel mundial, de robots autónomos desarrolladas para enfrentar la exploración del planeta Marte, que se pudieran adaptar a unos requerimientos de diseño previamente establecidos.
Desigualdad en el sistema educativo colombiano durante la pandemia de covid-19 vista desde análisis de la prueba Saber 11
Authors: Artamonova Irina , Mosquera-Mosquera Julio César , Mosquera-Artamonov José Daniel
Published: July 2024

La prueba Saber 11 es importante para ingresar a las universidades en Colombia porque es un examen estandarizado que evalúa los conocimientos y habilidades de los estudiantes en áreas como matemáticas, lectura crítica, ciencias naturales, sociales e inglés. Los resultados de esta prueba suelen ser un requisito para el proceso de admisión en muchas universidades, ya que les proporciona a las instituciones una medida objetiva del nivel académico de los aspirantes. En este artículo presentamos el análisis de los resultados de la prueba Saber 11 realizada en noviembre del año 2020 durante la pandemia de covid-19. El propósito del estudio es encontrar la relación de los puntajes globales en Saber 11 con variables socioeconómicas y características de los colegios. A partir de un análisis estadístico descriptivo y multivariado se analizaron los resultados de las pruebas Saber 11 para los años 2016 – 2022 en los contextos socio económicos de población en estudio.  Los resultados encontrados reflejan la desigualdad educativa en Colombia, proporcionando las variables socioeconómicas de los estudiantes relevantes y características de los colegios y su importancia en el resultado del examen Saber 11. Los hallazgos de este estudio se enfocan a la implementación de políticas públicas que aborden soluciones a la desigualdad de oportunidades en la educación media-básica en Colombia.
Redes de Itaipu:
Authors: Moreira de Miranda Rose
Published: July 2024

O artigo descreve a pesquisa realizada durante o período de 2017 a 2019 no Museu de Arqueologia de Itaipu. O trabalho tinha como meta o desenvolvimento de um modelo de documentação museal para o processamento técnico e a difusão digital da Coleção Pessoas e Memórias, composta por 40 (quarenta) depoimentos colhidos no Inventário Participativo de Pessoas e Memórias, que valorizasse a inteligência coletiva, respeitasse o protagonismo social dos depoentes e fosse capaz de tecer meios de equalização do poder entre o museu e a comunidade, na realização do fluxo documental. Uma documentação em prol do saber plural e da polifonia discursiva. Para contextualizar a investigação, revisitamos e problematizamos algumas temáticas da documentação realizada em museus. Apresentamos, igualmente, os principais aspectos históricos e patrimoniais do bairro de Itaipu, território no qual está inserido o Museu. Por fim, detalhamos o processo de criação da documentação museal cidadã e expomos os resultados alcançados.
Notas sobre o Patrimônio Memeal
Authors: Chagas Viktor , De Melo Silva Beatrice
Published: July 2024

Como fenômenos da internet, os memes podem se apresentar como um conjunto de textos, de comportamentos reiterados entre os usuários, uma série de desafios lúdicos, áudios, vídeos ou imagens compartilhadas. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre alguns dos desafios e chamar a atenção para como o universo museológico pode se preparar para acolher esses memes de internet. A partir da experiência do #MUSEUdeMEMES, e cotejando a discussão com outras iniciativas similares, o presente artigo procura discutir aspectos concernentes à delimitação teórica e metodológica desses objetos digitais, às condições de sua preservação e modos de disponibilização e acesso ao público.
Histórico sobre Financiamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Sehn de Carvalho Sarah , Alves Leonardi Larissa , Abreu Pauli Monique , Da Cruz Magalhães Buffon Marilene
Published: July 2024

Esta revisão integrativa teve o objetivo de apresentar uma linha do tempo sobre o histórico das políticas públicas de financiamento da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS), e analisar a literatura acerca da temática. Após busca em bases de dados com descritores e palavras-chave pré-definidas, aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão e leitura dos artigos; um total de 20 estudos (de 2002 a 2023) foram incluídos e constituem a amostra deste estudo. Os artigos foram categorizados quanto a seus autores, título, ano de publicação, metodologia adotada e principais considerações feitas. A análise e discussão das informações trazidas nos estudos permitem contrastar as potencialidades e fragilidades de diferentes modelos de financiamento, além das repercussões destas modalidades no cenário da APS vivenciado pelo país. Os autores dessa revisão integrativa trazem também uma linha temporal por meio de uma série histórica das legislações que discorreram sobre o financiamento do SUS, desde sua criação na Constituição Federal aos tempos atuais.
STUDY ON THE EXPERIENCES AND EMOTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HAPPINESS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Mijgee Khishig-Undrakh , Amanbyek Yerkyejan , YILINA Zhao , Chingiskhuu Anudari , Agvaanbayar Bayarkhuu
Published: July 2024

The study of happiness focuses on how people perceive their well-being, the ways they seek hap-piness, and the factors that affect their feelings of happiness, including self-esteem, depression, satis-faction, and living quality. Researchers also aim to explore the relationship between happiness, self-esteem, depression, satisfaction, and quality of life, to assess people’s sense of achievement. Happiness is strongly linked to an individual’s sense of achievement and overall life satisfaction. In this article, we will discuss the findings of a study that examines the feelings of happiness and the factors that influence them among 562 high school students. The research discovered that students from both China and Mongolia shared a similar understand-ing of happiness. There are no differences in how Chinese and Mongolian students perceive happi-ness. It has been discovered that happiness plays a crucial role in making people better citizens. Stud-ies have shown that it is a strong predictor of civic engagement when growing up and becoming an adult. Moreover, positive emotions that lead to career success help improve work results. As a result, it is advised to organize various activities that aim to develop students’ sense of happiness in general education schools.
THE PHENOMENON OF CYBERBULLYING: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Slanbekova Gulnara , Turgumbayeva Aizhan , Umurkulova Madina , Mukhamedkarimova Dinara , Man Chung
Published: July 2024

This article review explores the multifaceted phenomenon of cyberbullying within the contemporary digital landscape. The research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cyberbullying by synthesizing key findings from a diverse range of scholarly works. The purpose of this scientific inquiry is to unravel the complex dimensions of cyberbullying, emphasizing its diverse forms, prevalence across demographics, and the profound psychological impact on victims. The research methodology involves a systematic literature review, wherein relevant articles are identified, selected, and critically evalu-ated. An extensive and systematic search for relevant articles from peer-reviewed journals prioritized publications from the last decade to analyze recent research findings on cyberbullying. The analysis provided a better understanding of the complexities associated with cyberbullying in today’s digital age. The scientific and practical significance of this work lies in its contribution to the ongoing discourse on cyberbullying. The synthesis of research findings offers a nuanced perspective on the international expe-rience of cyberbullying, recognizing the global prevalence while acknowledging cultural variations. The value of this research lies in its contribution to advancing knowledge on cyberbullying. By synthesizing diverse perspectives, the article review offers a holistic understanding of the phenomenon, guiding future research initiatives and safety policy development.
The Pasture
Authors:   , Padrutt Jonas
Published: July 2024

The intensification of dairy farming in New Zealand has resulted in substantial environmental repercussions, with economic and ecological burdens disproportionately affecting the wider population, contradicting the industry’s ‘clean green’ narrative for profit maximisation. This research proposes architectural innovation to bolster dairy farming sustainability, biodiversity, and community engagement, aligning with New Zealand’s environmental ethos while mitigating the industry’s ecological footprint. The study aims to present dairy farming as integral to Aotearoa’s identity by seamlessly integrating the natural environment with constructed dairy farm elements within a comprehensive ecological system.

This thesis investigates how literary narrative design strategies can be applied to the built environment, emphasising the natural environment as a crucial component within the broader landscape.

The aim of this design-led investigation is to explore how to re-present the built and natural realms as dynamic participants of a greater environmental system. The thesis proposes an architectural solution for a self-sustainable working dairy farm that is both realisable and speculative to enhance the general public’s awareness of the importance of the pastoral identity of dairy farms.