bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical spectrum and diagnostic challenges of vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A) caused by CYP27B1 mutation in resource limited countries
Authors: Aftab Sommayya , Khan Sabeen Abid , Malik Munir Iqbal , Imran Ahmed , Anjum Muhammad Nadeem , Saeed Anjum , Qureshi Abid Ali , Cheema Huma Arshad
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A) is a rare autosomal recessive condition due to inactivating mutation of CYP27B1. It mimics clinically, biochemically and rediologically to nutritional and hypophosphatemic rickets. In developing countries like Pakistan, VDDR1A is often misdiagnosed as nutritional rickets or hypophosphatemic rickets due lack of free access to 1,25 (OH) 2 D level and genetic testing. This study was aimed to determine the clinical spectrum and diagnostic challenges of VDDR1A due to CYP27B1 mutation in developing countries.

Methodology

Retrospective review of all cases of VDDR1A due to CYP27B1 mutation over a period of two years presenting in Pediatric Endocrine clinic of Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

Results

Six cases of VDDR1A (4 males) were identified. Mean age of clinical manifestation was 14 (9–24) months. Mean age of presentation to endocrine department was 5.5 (1.5–11.8) years. Growth failure and bony deformities were the most common presentation (n=6), followed by repeated diarrheas and abdominal distension (n=3) and recurrent fractures (n=1). All cases shared same biochemical profile of low/normal calcium, hypophosphatemia, raised alkaline phosphatase, raised PTH, normal/high 25(OH)D and tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) <85%. Patients treated with calcitriol showed rapid healing as compared to those treated with 1-alfacalcidol.

Conclusion

We should have a high index of suspicion of VDDR1A in rickets not responding to cholecalciferol therapy.
The Irrationality of Stand Your Ground: Game Theory on Self-Defense
Authors: Santana Carlos , Smith Adam C. , Petrozzo Kathryn , Halm Derek
Published: December 2022

US law continues its historical trend of growing more permissive towards actors who engage in violent action in purported self-defense. We draw on some informal game theory to show why this is strategically irrational and suggest rolling back self-defense doctrines like stand your ground to earlier historical precedents like duty to retreat.
Effect of various varieties and dosage of potassium fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of red chili (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Syifa Rosalinda Julian , Farida Farida
Published: December 2022

Red chili is one of the important commodities with increasing demand. However, the quality, continuity of supply, and quantity have not been realized to meet domestic market demand. Increasing growth, yield, and quality can be pursued through superior varieties, and the effort to increase crop productivity is the application of various doses of potassium fertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of various varieties and doses of potassium fertilizer on the growth, yield, and quality of red chili. The split-plot experimental design consisting of two factors was also used. The first factor is the variety, as the main plot consisting of UNPAD CB2, Tanjung 2, and Lingga. The second factor was the dose of potassium fertilizer as sub-plots which consisted of four levels, namely 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha KCl. The results showed an interaction between variety and dose of potassium fertilizer on plant height at 8 weeks after planting (WAP), stem diameter at 8 WAP, and leaf area index at 9 WAP. Meanwhile, UNPAD CB2 showed the best results for 6 WAP plant height, fruit weight per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, dihydrocapsaicin, total capsaicinoid, and scoville heat unit. Potassium fertilizer doses of 200 and 300 kg/ha KCl showed high yields for stem diameters of 6 WAP.
Enigmatic Bones: A Few Archaeological, Bioanthropological, and Historical Considerations Regarding an Atypical Deposit of Skeletonized Human Remains Unearthed in Khirbat al-Dusaq (Southern Jordan)
Authors: Hofstetter Tobias , Vigouroux Élodie , Elter René
Published: December 2022

This article presents the results of the archaeological, bioanthropological, and historical analysis of an atypical human bone deposit found at the medieval Islamic desert site of Khirbat al-Dusaq in southern present-day Jordan. This site has yielded several human remains deposits, most of which appear to be either ordinary or reorganised burials with a clearly identifiable sepulchral function. However, one particular deposit (labelled “Structure no 1 (Pièce 5)”) displays several atypical features which complicate its interpretation. As such, radiocarbon dating of this particular deposit indicates a chronological range extending from the second half of the seventeenth century CE to the end of the eighteenth century CE. In addition, the human bones contained within this deposit tend to show unusual osteological characteristics, such as possible cut marks resembling peri-mortem lesions inflicted upon the deceased by third parties armed with sharp objects. The precise historical contextualisation of this deposit enables us to discuss different scenarios that could explain the circumstances of its inception. In this sense, the spectrum of possible explanatory interpretations ranges from the conjecture that the remains under study represent one or several victims of an inter-tribal conflict, a brigandage or retaliation attack, a crushed popular uprising, or even individuals who died during one of the violent raids perpetrated by local Bedouin tribes against the Mecca pilgrimage caravans during the Ottoman period.
Ablaut in Cairene Arabic
Authors: Fathi Radwa
Published: December 2022

The vowel alternations relating the perfectives and imperfectives of Form I verbs in Cairene Arabic are examined in this article. It is argued that such alternations are driven by a coherent system of Ablaut (or apophony), the same system as was proposed by Guerssel and Lowenstamm for Classical Arabic. Mounting evidence from unrelated languages strongly suggests that Ablaut systems are organized in similarly rigid fashion cross-linguistically. The question of the impact of linguistic change on Ablaut thus arises. One possibility is that change may culminate in the abandonment of apophony. Another possibility is that apophony itself drives change. It is argued in this article that several past and ongoing developments in the evolution of the vocalization of verbs in Cairene took place under the control of the apophonic system.
Irrelevant Threats Linger and Affect Behavior in High Anxiety
Authors: Aberg Kristoffer C. , Toren Ido , Paz Rony
Published: December 2022

Threat-related information attracts attention and disrupts ongoing behavior, and particularly so for more anxious individuals. Yet, it is unknown how and to what extent threat-related information leave lingering influences on behavior (e.g., by impeding ongoing learning processes). Here, human male and female participants (N= 47) performed probabilistic reinforcement learning tasks where irrelevant distracting faces (neutral, happy, or fearful) were presented together with relevant monetary feedback. Behavioral modeling was combined with fMRI data (N= 27) to explore the neurocomputational bases of learning relevant and irrelevant information. In two separate studies, individuals with high trait anxiety showed increased avoidance of objects previously paired with the combination of neutral monetary feedback and fearful faces (but not neutral or happy faces). Behavioral modeling revealed that high anxiety increased the integration of fearful faces during feedback learning, and fMRI results (regarded as provisional, because of a relatively small sample size) further showed that variance in the prediction error signal, uniquely accounted for by fearful faces, correlated more strongly with activity in the right DLPFC for more anxious individuals. Behavioral and neuronal dissociations indicated that the threat-related distractors did not simply disrupt learning processes. By showing that irrelevant threats exert long-lasting influences on behavior, our results extend previous research that separately showed that anxiety increases learning from aversive feedbacks and distractibility by threat-related information. Our behavioral results, combined with the proposed neurocomputational mechanism, may help explain how increased exposure to irrelevant affective information contributes to the acquisition of maladaptive behaviors in more anxious individuals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn modern-day society, people are increasingly exposed to various types of irrelevant information (e.g., intruding social media announcements). Yet, the neurocomputational mechanisms influenced by irrelevant information during learning, and their interactions with increasingly distracted personality types are largely unknown. Using a reinforcement learning task, where relevant feedback is presented together with irrelevant distractors (emotional faces), we reveal an interaction between irrelevant threat-related information (fearful faces) and interindividual anxiety levels. fMRI shows provisional evidence for an interaction between anxiety levels and the coupling between activity in the DLPFC and learning signals specifically elicited by fearful faces. Our study reveals how irrelevant threat-related information may become entrenched in the anxious psyche and contribute to long-lasting abnormal behaviors.
Bristol School of Multiculturalism as Normative Sociology
Authors: Modood Tariq
Published: December 2022

The Bristol School of Multiculturalism is a political theory/sociology interdisciplinary approach to its subject matter, which has been described as a form of normative sociology. It is normative in the way that a lot of critical social theory (e.g., Foucauldian) is not and is not merely “deconstructive” but also a constructive engagement with the concerns of co-citizens. It, however, eschews the abstract, top-down universalism of Rawlsian liberal egalitarianism in favour of a context of national citizenship and pays particular attention to bottom-up political struggle. However, unlike some other activist-oriented perspectives or standpoints, it is neither antistate nor antinational but is guided by a sense of inclusive unity or the common good. Essential to this unity is “recognition” and institutional, not merely symbolic, accommodation of minorities and a perspective on the “multi” which goes beyond the black-white binary and a secularist exclusion of political claims-making by religious and ethnoreligious groups such as Muslims in western Europe. Critically, the Bristol School of Multiculturalism is not just normative in that it does normative sociology, but most importantly, it engages in political theory to justify its normative perspective against objections and rival normative positions. So, the Bristol School of Multiculturalism is perhaps not just a normative sociology but also a form of normative sociological theory.
CUSTOMER SENTIMENT ANALYSIS THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA FEEDBACK: A CASE STUDY ON TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY
Authors: Siti Nur Syamimi Mat Zain  , Nor Azuana Ramli  , Rose Adzreen Adnan
Published: December 2022

Customer sentiment analysis is an automated way of detecting sentiments in online interactions in order to assess customer opinions about a product, brand or service. It assists companies in gaining insights and efficiently responding to their customers. This study presents a machine learning approach to analyse how sentiment analysis detects positive and negative feedback about a telecommunication company’s products. Customer feedback data were taken from Twitter through Streaming API (Application Programming Interface), where Tweets are retrieved in real time based on search terms, time, users and likes. Responses from the twitter API are parsed into tables and stored in a CSV file. Based on the analysis, it was found that there was no negative sentiment from the customers. The data were then split into training and testing to be tested on the three different supervised learning algorithms used in this study which are Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes. Lasty, the performance of each model was compared to select the most accurate model and from the analysis, it can be concluded that Support Vector Machine gives the best performance in terms of accuracy, Mean Squared Error, Root Mean Squared Error and Area Under the ROC curve.
STUDY OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AGAINST DIFFERENT ASPECTS: A CASE STUDY OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY (DRB-HICOM SDN BHD)
Authors: Ramli Nor Ika Shahirah , Faizatul anuar Shafirul fadzli
Published: December 2022

Job Satisfaction refers to how employees view their work, as well as the psychological attitudes that people have towards their jobs. Given the strong association between the impact of job performance , it is important to better identify and acknowledge the factors which affect the overall employee job satisfaction which correlated to the employee performance. A study to analyze the factors affecting employee satisfaction that affect employee performance is necessary. The objective of this research is to investigate the association between job satisfaction and different factors affecting employee performance among employees in the DRB-Hicom Sdn Bhd manufacturing industry. This research uses a quantititative method where a questionnaire survey is used to assess job satisfaction based on variables which are work, salary, management communication, and demographic profilling and how they can affect joc satisfaction. The demographic profilling contribute to minimally to none to the employee satisfaction whereas work, salary, and management greatly affect the entire employee satisfaction rate according to the high mean value of the factors. Correlation study shows that there is a positively high level of correlation strength between work, salary, and management communication against the employee performance which supports the hypothesis made for this research.
Prácticas religiosas e importancia de las creencias religiosas en jóvenes argentinos y sus padres
Authors: Oñate María Emilia , Mesurado Belén , Moreno José Eduardo , Soledad Menghi María
Published: December 2022

Una de las formas de transmisión de la religiosidad es de padres a hijos, ya que la familia es el núcleo de mayor estimulación durante nuestra infancia. Si bien hay estudios sobre esta temática, queda mucho por conocer sobre si la influencia de la transmisión familiar primaria de la religiosidad perdura en la adultez joven. Con el objetivo de determinar si existen asociaciones entre las prácticas religiosas e importancia de las creencias religiosas de la persona evaluada y las de sus padres, se realizó un estudio correlacional y transversal, en una muestra de 833 adultos emergentes de Entre Ríos, Argentina, que tenían entre 18 y 28 años. Se administró un cuestionario ad-hoc y se hallaron asociaciones significativas y positivas entre las prácticas religiosas e importancia de las creencias religiosas del sujeto evaluado y las de sus padres, aunque la importancia de las creencias religiosas de la madre no mostró asociación con las prácticas religiosas del sujeto evaluado. Se puede decir que la observación de modelos conductuales y actitudinales sobre lo religioso prevalecen y permanecen vigentes aún en fases vitales adultas, en las que la familia continúa ocupando un lugar relevante para la transmisión de lo religioso.
Effect of hot pressing temperature on the density profile of compressed solid wood
Authors: Li Ren , Huang Rongfeng , Chang Jianmin
Published: December 2022

To expand the applications of low-density wood, solid white poplar (Populus tomentosa) wood with a moisture content of 10.6% was compressed 5 mm radially at 90 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C, and 210 °C, and the density profile characteristics were analyzed. It was found that compressed wood with a non-uniform density profile contributed to the peak density and average density of the compressed layer, where the highest values were 0.87 g/cm3 and 0.72 g/cm3, respectively. The density peak and compressed layer were formed at various distances from the wood surface according to the pressing temperatures tested. It was concluded that the pressing temperature had a great effect on the density profile of the compressed wood and the pressing temperature effectively controlled the shape of the density profile.
Comparison of processing methods for small-diameter logs: Sawing versus rotary peeling
Authors: McGavin Robert L. , Leggate William
Published: December 2022

Currently there are limited markets in Australia for small-diameter native forest logs. This has resulted in much of this resource being underutilized and regarded as sub-optimal in quality and of low value. This is despite the fact that the wood properties are favorable for a wide range of high-value products. Traditional processing approaches either have not been able to accommodate small-diameter logs or the resulting product recovery is too low for profitable production. Alternative processing approaches are necessary to enable the efficient recovery of wood from this resource in a form that is usable for high-value product manufacturing. Processing small-diameter spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora) and white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) logs into rotary veneer using new spindleless veneering technology has been demonstrated to yield more acceptable recoveries compared with more traditional sawing approaches. The veneer processing approach was also found to be less impacted by the diameter than sawing, with more consistent recovery rates across the three small-diameter log groups included in this study. The resulting veneer, especially the spotted gum veneer, had visual qualities and mechanical properties well suited to the manufacturing of veneer-based engineered wood products.
Ukrainian Diplomacy During Ukraine's War of National Liberation: an Essay by a Historian and Diplomat
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Humeniuk Borys
Published: December 2022

The article presents the author's reflections on the role of Ukrainian diplomacy during the 2014-2022 Russia-Ukraine war
Public Life of Poles Through the Prism of Surveillance by Repressive Structures of the South-Western Region of the Russian Empire on the Eve of the First World War
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ivanenko Oksana
Published: December 2022

This paper, based on documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv), highlights the specifics of the social life of Poles in the South-Western region of the Russian Empire on the eve of the First World War. The author studied the official correspondence of the General Staff of the Russian Empire and the Staff of the Kyiv Military District, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and provincial gendarme departments of the South-Western Region, secret documents of the Kyiv Security Office, the Office of the Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General, and so on. These documents illustrate the focus of the Russian imperial authorities on gathering information about the political situation and public sentiment in Austria-Hungary, and above all in Galicia. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, against the backdrop of an intensified interstate confrontation between Austria-Hungary and Russia, a competition of state building models became more active. In the early 20th century, the idea of federalism was strengthened in Austria-Hungary with the aim of internal political stabilisation and a broad guarantee of the Slavonic peoples' rights. And it was no accident that guard and punitive authorities of the Russian Empire focused their attention on intelligence information about the activities of the Polish Socialist Party, the creation of paramilitary organizations in Galicia, and the preparation of an anti-Russian uprising by the Poles during the expected war between Russia and Austria-Hungary. The Polish population of the South-Western region was supervised. Discriminatory measures were taken against the cultural activities of the Poles of the South-Western region aimed at raising national self-awareness and patriotism, schooling and national-cultural public organizations were suppressed, and monitoring of the Roman Catholic clergy was established. In view of the approach of the 50th anniversary of the January Uprising of 1863-1864, the guard and punitive bodies of the Russian Empire directed special efforts to prevent the spread in the South-West Region of actions commemorating this symbolic anniversary organized on the territory of Austria-Hungary, in particular in Lviv
Ukrainian Diplomatic Archive as a Source of Research on the Activities of the Japanese Consulate in Odessa in the Interwar Period
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Matiash Iryna
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to clarify the source potential of the Ukrainian Diplomatic Archive for studying the specifics of the activities of the Japanese Consulate in Odesa in the interwar period. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematicity and general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular archival heuristics and source criticism. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the reconstruction of the Ukrainian component of the source base of the activity of the Japanese consulate in Odesa in the interwar period. Conclusions: The main array of documents related to the activities of the Japanese consular institution in Odesa in the interwar period was not preserved in Ukrainian archives. At that time, Ukraine was part of the USSR, was deprived of the right to engage in foreign policy activities and interacted with foreign missions within the framework of all-Union instructions. Soviet special services also supervised foreign missions. The Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine holds a relevant documentary complex, which includes three thematic groups: reports on the results of supervising the heads of the Consulate of Japan in Odesa; reports on the results of supervising consulate staff; copies of intercepted consul reports on the economic and social policy of the USSR, the state of industry and agriculture. The source base for the study of the activities of the Japanese Consulate in Odesa is wider than the documents of the special services and is part of the Ukrainian Diplomatic Archive in the segment of Ukrainian-Japanese relations. Despite the fact that the activity of the consulate can be considered only as a diplomatic presence of Japan on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR, documentary information indicates direct contacts of Japanese diplomats with Ukrainian state bodies, plans to start trade relations with the Ukrainian SSR, etc. Documents on this topic are also in the Central State Archive of Supreme Authorities of Ukraine, state archives of Odesa and Mykolaiv regions. The creation of the Diplomatic e-archive will help expand access to documents about the activities of foreign missions in Ukraine and Ukrainian-Japanese relations
The Political Rivalry for Belarus Between Belarusian Socialists and Bolsheviks in 1917 – 1919. The Establishment of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus
Authors:   the Institute of History and Archival Sciences of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Michaluk Dorota
Published: December 2022

The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of the rivalry between Bolsheviks and Belarusian socialists for the future of the Belarusian lands in 1918-1920. The research methodology is based on the principles of scholarship, historicism, systematism and historical analysis. The scientific novelty of the results of this study lies in the reconstruction of the events related to the creation of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus. Conclusions: At the end of World War I, after the February Revolution, the process of formation of an independent Belarusian state by Belarusian socialists began. Although the Belarusian People's Republic was proclaimed on March 25, 1918, Belarusians did not manage to create their own state. It was determined by many internal and external factors. One of them being the political and territorial aspirations of the Bolsheviks and a rivalry between them and the Belarusian socialists for the future of the Belarusian lands. Conclusions: Belarusians, and therefore the Belarusian national movement, found themselves in a specific situation during the war. In the years 1915-1918, the Belarusian lands were divided by the Russian-German front line. As a result, military and civilians from the depths of Russia came to the frontier zone. After the February Revolution, the Russian army in the Western District and the Front began to become strongly politicized, focusing on various political and national programs. Belarusian socialists, including the military, gathered in the Central Belarusian Military Council opted for the creation of a Belarusian republic, first in a federation with Russia, and soon (after the Bolshevik coup) they leaned towards its independence. The military Bolsheviks were in favor of the incorporation of Belarusian lands into Russia as the West District. The conflict of interest between the Belarusian socialists and the Russian Bolsheviks was revealed at the All-Belarusian Congress held in Minsk in December, when Congress was brutally dispersed by the military Bolsheviks. The aspirations of the Belarusian socialists and position of the Belarusian communists were determined, among others, by the creation of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus proclaimed twice on January 1, 1919 and July 31, 1920 just before the offensive against Warsaw. It was supported by Soviet Russia as a counterbalance to the activities of the Belarusian independence camp and Polish influence in Belarus
Political Crisis in Slovakia in 1947
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Vovkanych Ivan , Shnitser Ihor ,   Uzhgorod National University
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the coverage of the political crisis in Slovakia in 1947, which for the Czech and Slovak communists, became a kind of dress rehearsal for the future nationwide putsch of 1948. The research methodology is based on general scientific and special scientific methods, allowing the authors to avoid inconsistency, imprecision, and detachment from the objective historical process. The article's authors note that the impetus for the political crisis of 1947 was the victory of the Democratic Party in the parliamentary elections of 1946 in Slovakia. This prevented the further strengthening of the position of the communists in the national system of state power by creating the prerequisites for forming an anti-communist bloc of Czech and Slovak parties. The victory of the Democratic Party in Slovakia also stood in the way of the rapid implementation of socialist transformations on the Soviet model. To avoid political isolation and clear the way for the communization of Slovakia, the communist parties of the republic started a struggle against the Democratic Party to remove it from power. The article highlights the communists' accusation against the Democratic Party of supporting the reactionary forces of the state, connections with the people's underground and emigration. The authors did not ignore the influence of external factors and attempts of the communists to use in the fight against the democrats the dissatisfaction of partisans and the left wing of the Resistance movement with the course of “purges” of Slovak national bodies from reactionary elements. The authors of the article state that the DP leadership was not ready for an aggressive communist attack, and the expected help from the Czech democratic parties did not come. The latter believed the claims of the communists that there was a real threat of separatism and a repetition of the events of “March 14, 1939” in Slovakia. As a result, through a discrediting campaign, fabrication of cases of state “enemies”, threats of mass strikes by supporters, and provocation of a government crisis, the communists managed to eliminate the majority of the Democratic Party in the Slovak national bodies, legitimately existing as a result of the 1946 elections, and to strengthen their own positions in Slovakia. The political crisis of 1947 opened the way for Slovakia to slide from democracy to dictatorship
For the 60th Anniversary of Doctor of History, Professor of Uzhhorod National University, a Member of Our Yearbook Editorial Board Evgen Bevzyuk
Authors:   Uzhgorod National University, Andreyko Vitaliy , Ivanenko Oksana ,   Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The article highlights the biography and scholarly work of Doctor of History, Professor of Uzhhorod National University, a member of our yearbook editorial board Evgen Bevzyuk
For the 60th Anniversary of a Member of Our Yearbook Editorial Board, Doctor of History, Professor Mykola Vehesh
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vidnyanskyj Stepan , Olashyn Mykola ,   Uzhgorod National University
Published: December 2022

The article highlights the biography and scholarly work of a member of our yearbook editorial board, Doctor of History, Professor Mykola Vehesh
Sociology of Education or Education without Sociology? Effort of a Science-Based Research
Authors: Zborovsky Garold E.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. As the number of scientific publications on the problems of education increases, it is increasingly possible to detect the desire of authors to consider them as sociological. Meanwhile, many of them do not meet the requirements for articles based on data from sociological empirical studies. In this regard, there is a need to separate publications of different nature, orientation, and functions, which focus on the problems of education. The purpose of the article is to analyze the criteria for attributing publications to the disciplinary field of sociology of education and to identify their specifics. Achieving this goal will clarify the issue of trust in scientific publications, research results, and the appropriateness of their use for making managerial decisions in the field of education.
Materials and Methods. The object of the research is scientific journals that publish articles on education issues on a regular basis, including under the heading “Sociology of Educationˮ. The sample includes relevant publications and publications in them for the last 5 years. The subject of the study was the content of publications that were classified either by publications or by the authors of articles as sociological. The main methods used were content analysis and historical and sociological analysis.
Results. The specifics of the subject field of sociology of education and the trends of its formation and development are determined. The main criteria for determining the differences of publications in the field of sociology of education are formulated.
Discussion and Conclusion. The article is devoted to the experience of science-based research. In the process of discussing the results obtained, attention is drawn to the specific nature, special tasks and functions of sociological research and publications in the field of education. The importance of these results for improving the quality of empirical studies of education and publications based on them, as well as the possibility of using them to solve its practical problems, is shown.
Unedited Old Uighur Buddhist Literature Preserved in the National Museum of China: the Mahāpratisarā dhāraṇī and ‘On the Three Qualities’
Authors: Fu Ma
Published: December 2022

Two Old Uighur manuscripts housed in the National Museum of China have remained unidentified and unedited since their discovery by Huang Wenbi in 1928–30. A philological study based on examination of the originals is given in this paper. The first manuscript, a fragmentary codex with seven folios, can be identified as an Old Uighur transcription of the dhāraṇī text belonging to the Sanskrit Mahāpratisarā Mahāvidyārājñī. It may have served as a handbook for Uighur Buddhist monks or practitioners to recite the dhāraṇī in public ritual or private practice. The reconstructed Vorlage demonstrates a close relationship with the Tibetan and Tangut versions. A group of blockprint fragments in the Pelliot Collection from Dunhuang can also be identified as coming from the same text. The second manuscript, with 30 lines of text, belongs to a thus far unknown Old Uighur Buddhist treatise related to the qualities conducive to the attainment of ‘entrance into the stream’ (srotaāpattyaṅga) in Buddhist spiritual practice. It is likely a commentary composed by Uighur Buddhists.
Mother's nutritional knowledge and behavior to stunting prevalence among children under two years old: case-control
Authors: Aprilina Happy Dwi , Nurkhasanah Siti , Hisbulloh Latif
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Stunting among children still becomes a public health problem that needs serious attention. Stunting often occurs in 1000 days of a child's life. Some factors often cause stunting, such as lack of knowledge and nutrition for children. Aim to study the correlation between mother's nutritional knowledge and behavior in providing nutrition for children under two years old and the prevalence of stunting in Banteran Village, Sumbang District.Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a case-control study design. The population in this study was 210 people. The research sample was 68 respondents taken by proportional random sampling technique. Research instrument for measuring height by measuring height/age with a z-score on the Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) chart. Data analysis was done by chi-square test.Results:  The correlation between the level of nutritional knowledge of mothers and the prevalence of stunting based on the Chi-Square test results obtained p = 0.015 OR = 0.246. There is a significant correlation between the mother's nutritional knowledge and behavior and the stunting prevalence among children under two years old (p = 0.014; OR value = 0.284).Conclusion: There is a correlation between mothers' level of nutritional knowledge and the prevalence of stunting in Banteran Village, Sumbang, Banyumas Regency.
Physical activity of pregnant women during COVID-19 outbreak in Yogyakarta
Authors: Astuti Yuni , Amin Choirul
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on everyone, including pregnant women. This pandemic has made pregnant women have limitations for physical activity. The moderate activity recommendation to pregnant women. Physical activity including household, caregiving, occupational, and exercise. Physical activity provides many benefits for pregnant women include physical and mental health. This study aimed to identify the physical activity of pregnant women during a pandemic.Methods: The descriptive study used in this study with cross-sectional design. This research used 78 pregnant women who live with her husband, doesn't have a complication of pregnancy, doesn't have COVID-19. The data collection used the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) Indonesian version.Result: The result showed that 73% of pregnant women had vigorous activity, 21,8% had moderate activity and 5,1% of pregnant women had light activity. The activity of pregnant women to household/caregiving showed that 66,7% of pregnant women had vigorous activity. More than half of pregnant women in this research had sedentary activity 59% in sports activity, and 66,7% of pregnant women had sedentary activity in a type of occupational.Conclusion: The pregnant mother had vigorous intensity during pregnancy in COVID-19 outbreak. The vigorous activity can affect the immune system.
Diagnosing and treating Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) from various manifestations in adults: case series
Authors: Silalahi Todung Donald Aposan , Suwita Christopher Surya , Darmawan Rosaria Oktafiani , Rosalie Benita
Published: December 2022

Background. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a part of atrial septal defects (ASD) entities. While mostly asymptomatic, some adults with PFO will develop symptoms, from mild complaints such as migraine or palpitation to more debilitating complications such as syncope or cryptogenic stroke. Therefore, it is highly crucial that PFO be diagnosed and treated promptly. Echocardiography, trans-thoracal and or trans-esophageal, is the main diagnosis modality. For treatment, antiplatelet with or without anticoagulation, trans-catheter closure, and surgery are utilized in accordance with their indications.
Case Presentation. We present four adult patients referred with various symptoms: vertigo, migraine, palpitation, and cryptogenic stroke. Three of them had no explicit risk factors for the cerebrovascular event, with one patient having a co-existing hypercoagulable state. Echocardiography revealed a positive bubble test, which meant that PFO was the primary etiology of those cases. We then treated each of them with transcatheter device closure, which improved their symptoms, before adding antiplatelet for six months.
Conclusion. Proper diagnosis and prompt treatment of PFO are imperative in reducing complications. Echocardiography, mainly TEE, is the main diagnostic tool for PFO. Antithrombotic (with or without anticoagulant), minimally invasive procedure and surgery in some cases are the modalities available.
An increase in inflammatory cells related to the increase incidence of colitis and colorectal cancer
Authors: Wibowo Agung Ary , Sitompul Andrian , Alfi Yasmina  , Oktaviyanti Ika Kustiyah , Lahdimawan Ardik , Damayanthi Essy Dwi
Published: December 2022

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in colorectal cancer formation, where colitis inflammatory cells can trigger the production of free radicals that interact with genes in carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, the colonic mucosal epithelium contains goblet cells that function to prevent inflammation. This study aims to examine the correlation between the number of goblet and inflammatory cells in the colon of patients with colorectal cancer, colitis, and healthy colon and their relationship with the incidence of colorectal cancer and colitis.
Methods: Histopathological samples consisting of 30 healthy colons, 30 colons with colitis, and 31 colons with colorectal cancer were examined to obtain the average cell number in 10 or the entire field of view using a light microscope with 400 magnification. Using the Pearson correlation test and Multivariate Multinomial Logistic Regression, these samples were analyzed with SPSS version 26 for Windows.
Results: Consequently, the results showed a weak but insignificant negative correlation between the number of goblet and inflammatory cells in the colon with colorectal cancer (r2=0.055; p=0.200), colitis (r2 = 0.002, p = 0.833), and healthy colon (r2 = 0.110, p = 0.073). The number of inflammatory cells is significantly associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer (OR=1.326; 95%CI=1.155-1.521; p=0.000) and colitis (OR=1.374; 95%CI=1.192-1.583; p=0.000) compared to normal colon.
Conclusion: An increase in inflammatory cells is significantly associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer and colitis.
A single-stage reconstruction on giant scrotal lymphedema: a case report
Authors: Ringoringo David Ralph Lienhardt , Nasution Ramlan , Adhyatma Kharisma Prasetya
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Scrotal lymphedema is a rare condition characterized by the swelling of the scrotal skin due to deterioration in lymphatic drainage. Although not life-threatening, chronic lymphedema is disabling with significant physical and psychological morbidity and complications, including impaired hygiene, urinary incontinence and immobility. This report aimed to describe the diagnosis and treatment of giant scrotal lymphedema.
Case Presentation: A 23-year-old man presented with a gradually enlarging scrotum. Physical examination of the genitalia shows that the patient’s penis was difficult to identify, and testes were completely impalpable due to the thickness of the scrotal skin. There were neither inguinal lymph node enlargement nor other skin lesions on the scrotum. The scrotum was homogenous, with a measured dimension of 35 cm x 28 cm x 20 cm anterior to posterior. Laboratory evaluation, including complete blood count, complete metabolic panel, human immunodeficiency virus, sedimentation rate, and antibodies to strongyloides, schistosomes, and filaria, were within normal limits. The penis and testes were normal-sized and clearly demarcated from computed tomography scan, buried within the hardened scrotal soft tissues, with no signs of testicular tumor or any pelvic lymph node enlargement.
Conclusion: Scrotal lymphedema is a rare condition characterized by the swelling of the scrotal skin due to deterioration in lymphatic drainage.
Correlation between Urea Creatinine Ratio (UCR) and lipid profile in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Samsuria Indranila Kustarini , Ariosta Ariosta , Sujianto Untung
Published: December 2022

Background: SARS-CoV-2, as the leading cause of COVID-19 disease, can cause kidney disorders characterized by the presence of hematuria, increased creatinine, and other kidney pathological conditions. Since a 24-hour urine examination as the gold standard for urea examination has several weaknesses, it is necessary to carry out an alternative examination method especially, the Urea Creatinine Ratio (UCR). This study evaluates the correlation between UCR and lipid profile in COVID-19 patients.Methods: A descriptive-analytical design with a cross-sectional approach is applied. COVID-19 patients with positive PCR were examined for UCR, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, and LDL. The assessment was based on clinical chemistry analysis using an automatic analyzer. We perform a normality test using Shapiro-Wilk. The Pearson correlation test is used to see a correlation between variables. The study was conducted at Siloam Hospital in April-August 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: There was no significant difference between UCR and the other variables based on the statistical analysis test (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation between UCR and cholesterol total (p= 0.230), UCR and Triglyceride (p= 0.680, UCR and HDL (p=0.970) and UCR and LDL (p= 0.190).  Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between UCR and lipid profile in COVID-19 patients
Bioinformatics assessment on the potential of Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as topical therapy for inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Radityastuti  , Endaryanto Anang , Surono Ingrid Suryanti , Amin Mohamad , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit
Published: December 2022

Background: Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) is a cell wall component of LAB with immunomodulatory properties towards inflammatory skin diseases due to immune dysregulation, such as atopic dermatitis. Topical glucocorticoids are given as the mainstay therapy in some inflammatory skin diseases. However, the adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids are commonly found, such as skin atrophy, reduced pigmentation, and masking-effect of skin infections. Therefore, safer therapy for inflammatory skin diseases is necessary to be developed. This study aimed to analyze the potential of LTA of LAB against glucocorticoid receptors (GR) as a topical therapy for inflammatory skin diseases.
Methods: This study used the bioinformatics method with molecular docking to predict the binding site and the binding affinity of LTA of LAB to GR and analyze the toxicity of LTA of LAB. According to the previous studies, this research was also conducted within silico/ molecular docking. Data were analyzed using Toxtree v 2. 6.13 application to evaluate the skin irritation.
Results: LAB’s lipoteichoic acid (LTA) has the same binding site with glucocorticoid control compounds to the GR. Toxicity analysis shows that LTA of LAB is not irritative to the skin.
Conclusion: LAB’s lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is potential as alternative topical therapy for inflammatory skin diseases.
Early menarche, menstrual duration with dysmenorrhea in adolescents in Surabaya
Authors: Hatmanti Nety Mawarda , Septianingrum Yurike , Riah Afita , Firdaus  , Nadatien Ima , Maimunah Siti
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Early menarche and long menstrual cycle were several factors that influence the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Girls who have early menarche got a higher risk of experiencing dysmenorrhea as well as girl who experience long menstrual cycle. These both problems resulted excessive uterine contractions and secreted more prostaglandins so that causing dysmenorrhea. This study aims to analyze whether there is a relationship between early menarche, menstrual duration and dysmenorrhea in class VIII students in 2019-2020 school year at SMPN 20 Surabaya.
Methods: The design of this study used a cross-sectional approach. The population was all students of class VIII 2019-2020 school year at SMPN 20 Surabaya. Sample were 140 students which were taken based on proportional stratified simple random sampling technique. Retrieval of data by taken through filling out online forms. The independent variable were early menarche and menstrual duration, and the dependent variable was dysmenorrhea. The data analysis used the Spearman rank test with the significance level α = 0,05.
Results: Research result of first independent variable, it was obtained p value = 0.022 which means there is a relationship between early menarche and dysmenorrhea in class VIII students of SMPN 20 Surabaya, and research for the second independent variable, it was obtained p value = 0.04 which means there is a relationship between menstrual duration and dysmenorrhea in class VIII students of SMPN 20 Surabaya.
Conclusion: Students who experience early menarche and have a long menstrual duration are more at risk of experiencing dysmenorrhea with severe pain levels. Students who experience early menarche and long menstrual periods are able to minimize the incidence of dysmenorrhea by such as maintaining a regular diet, consuming nutritious food intake, and taking pain relievers if dysmenorrhea occurs.
Effect of proteasome inhibitor on serum 8-OHdG and aortic SOD2 in a rat model of atherosclerosis
Authors: Ismawati Ismawati , Romus Ilhami , Mukhyarjon  , Salsabilqis Jihan , Wulandari Nadia
Published: December 2022

Background: Numerous studies have been performed to analyze the effect of proteasome inhibitors on atherosclerosis. However, there is still controversy and the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors is still not clearly understood. This study aimed to analyze the effect of proteasome inhibitor on 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in the serum of atherosclerotic rats and the antioxidant expression of Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the aorta.
Methods: The sample was 18 rats with the strain Wistar rats aged 2-3 months. The sample was grouped into normal (N) group got a standard feed, A1 induced by atherosclerosis, and A2 induced by atherosclerosis and given proteasome inhibitor. The proteasome inhibitor was a bortezomib dose of 50 µg/kg BW/day given on days one and three. After four days of treatment, rats were sacrificed, and the aorta removal was done for analyzing the tunica intima-media thickness (IMT) and SOD2 expression assessment using immunohistochemistry, and serum 8-OHdG measurement was done using the ELISA method. SOD2 expression assessment was carried out quantitatively using Adobe Photoshop.
Results: We established a decrease in IMT in the A2 group compared to the A1 group and an enhancement of SOD2 expression and a decrease in 8-OHdG levels in the A2 group compared to the A1 group, although not statistically significant.
Conclusion: In our findings showed bortezomib can prevent thickening tunica intima-media in the aorta, although does not reduce serum 8-OHdG levels and did not significantly increase SOD2 expression in the aorta.