bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pythium Root Rot and Growth Responses of Organically Grown Geranium Plants to Beneficial Microorganisms
Authors: Gravel Valérie , Ménard Claudine , Dorais Martine
Published: February 2020

Pythium root rot, caused by Pythium ultimum, is responsible for important losses in geranium plant production, mainly as a result of the decrease in the plant overall quality. An organic production system for geranium plants based on fertilization using a filtered suspension of dehydrated hen manure was compared with a conventional fertilization system to evaluate their tolerance to root disease. Under typical greenhouse conditions, geranium plants were inoculated with a suspension of Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma atroviride, a mixture of both or with Trichoderma harzianum, and a commercially available product, Rootshield®, 1 and 4 weeks after planting. Four weeks after the first inoculation, Pseudomonas putida and Trichoderma atroviride stimulated plant growth (shoot and root dry weight) compared with the control regardless of the fertilization. The results also showed that the colonization of geranium roots by Pythium spp. was significantly lower for organically grown plants for all treatments compared with the inoculated control under conventional fertilization. Inoculation with T. atroviride under conventional fertilization was the only treatment that did not significantly reduce root colonization by Pythium spp. compared with the conventional control. For both organically and conventionally grown plants, the coinoculation with both P. putida and T. atroviride resulted in the weakest colonization of roots by the pathogen. The inoculation of P. putida, T. atroviride, and the mixture of the bacterium and the fungus also significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of roots regardless of the fertilization used. All microorganism treatments in conventionally grown plants significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of the shoot compared with the control.
‘Law Rome’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples Differ in Their Response to Preharvest and Postharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment Combinations
Authors: McArtney Steven J. , Obermiller John D. , Hoyt Tom , Parker Michael L.
Published: February 2020

Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of different preharvest and postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment combinations on ‘Law Rome’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit. Preharvest 1-MCP sprays had minimal effects on maturity as determined by flesh firmness, starch index, internal ethylene concentration, and soluble solids concentration. Fruit internal ethylene concentration and firmness loss after 30- to 40-days storage at 0 °C plus 7 days at 20 °C were reduced by preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments. The positive effects of preharvest 1-MCP on postharvest quality of ‘Law Rome’ declined in fruit that were harvested 3 days or more after spraying, whereas preharvest 1-MCP continued to have a positive effect on postharvest fruit quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ that were harvested up to 9 days after spraying. The loss in postharvest effects of preharvest 1-MCP treatment on ‘Law Rome’ at delayed harvests was reinstated by exposing fruit to gaseous 1-MCP on the day of harvest. These findings suggest that attached apple fruit of some cultivars may be capable of rapidly generating new ethylene receptors.
Fertilizer Nitrogen Timing and Uptake Efficiency of Hybrid Hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest, USA
Authors: Braun Lois C. , Gillman Jeffrey H. , Russelle Michael P.
Published: February 2020

Hybrids of Corylus avellana, C. americana and C. cornuta, are being developed as a potential crop for the Upper Midwest of the United States, but little is known about fertilizer nitrogen (N) management. We hypothesized that N application when the bushes were most fully leafed out would result in highest N uptake efficiency (NUE). We used 15N-labeled ammonium nitrate to measure NUE from soil applications in mid-April, late April, late May, early August, and mid-September. Nitrogen applied in either mid- or late April never comprised more than 5% of the total N in shoots or leaves, suggesting that N used for early leaf expansion came primarily from stored reserves. Applications made after April demonstrated that N was quickly translocated to rapidly growing plant parts: May applications comprised 9% of the N in leaves collected in July; August applications comprised 12% of the N in nut kernels collected in September; and September applications comprised 9% of N in catkins collected in October. Nitrogen applied in August and September appeared in new shoots the following April at higher levels than it did aboveground the previous October, showing that N applied late in the season may be stored belowground over the winter. NUE was highest for August and September applications at one site and August and mid-April applications at the other, implying that summer is generally the best time to apply N for most efficient uptake. However, overall NUE was low, only 5% for August applications, suggesting a need to develop other methods of improving NUE in hybrid hazelnuts.
Replacing Conventional Nursery Crop Nutrient Inputs with Vermicompost for Container Production of Hibiscus moscheutos L. ‘Luna Blush’
Authors: McGinnis Michelle S. , Warren Stuart L. , Bilderback Ted E.
Published: February 2020

Vermicomposting of pig manure is a waste management approach that has been shown to be economically and technologically feasible and yields a value-added end product, vermicompost (VC), that contains plant-available nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine if conventional nursery crop inputs could be replaced by commercially available VC (derived from pig manure) for production of Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Luna Blush’ L. (hibiscus). Hibiscus was grown in 3.8-L containers containing pine bark amended with 11% sand (by vol.), 1.8 kg·m−3 dolomitic limestone, and 0.9 kg·m−3 micronutrient package (PBS) or pine bark amended with 20% VC (by vol.) (20VC). Plants were topdressed with one of three controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) containing only nitrogen (N); N and potassium (K); or N, phosphorus (P), and K. The four treatments included PBS with 17–6–12 (PBS + NPK), 20VC with 17–6–12 (20VC + NPK), 20VC with 17–0–12 (20VC + NK), and 20VC with 17–0–0 (20VC + N). The PBS + NPK treatment, which was supplied with conventional nursery crop nutrient inputs (limestone, sulfated micronutrients, and CRF containing NPK), served as the control treatment to represent the industry standard. All treatments were irrigated to maintain a leaching fraction (LF = volume leached ÷ volume applied) of 0.24. Daily inorganic nitrogen (IN-N) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) effluent contents were determined. Plants were harvested at 35 and 56 d after potting (DAP). Total plant nutrient contents of P, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B) were equivalent or greater for all three 20VC treatments compared with PBS + NPK. However, total plant K content of 20VC + N was less than 20VC + NPK, 20VC + NK, and PBS + NPK. Regardless of lower K content in the 20VC + N treatment, all three 20VC treatments had equivalent total plant dry weight and number of flowers. Furthermore, all three 20VC treatments averaged 58% and 40% greater plant dry weight than PBS + NPK at 35 and 56 DAP, respectively, and 93% more flowers than PBS + NPK at 56 DAP. All three 20VC treatments had similar IN-N and DRP effluent contents. However, the three 20VC treatments averaged 4.3× more IN-N effluent content and 59× DRP effluent content than PBS + NPK. The nutrient use efficiencies for all treatments were similar, in which nitrogen use efficiency ranged from 9% to 15% and phosphorus use efficiency ranged from 7% to 12%. In conclusion, this source of VC provided equivalent or greater P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, and Cu but less K for plant uptake compared with the industry standard (control) treatment and produced larger plants with more flowers than the control. This suggests that dolomitic lime, sulfated micronutrients, and P can be eliminated as substrate additives.
Effects of Composted Biosolids and Nitrogen on Turfgrass Establishment, Sod Properties, and Nutrient Export at Harvest
Authors: Schnell Ronnie W. , Vietor Donald M. , White Richard H. , Provin Tony L. , Munster Clyde L.
Published: February 2020

Incorporation of composted municipal biosolids (CMB) in low-quality soil can enhance turfgrass establishment and physical and chemical properties of turfgrass sod. The purpose of this research was to quantify CMB and fertilizer nitrogen (N) effects on Tifway bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey] coverage, sod properties, and nutrient export in harvested sod. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in College Station, TX, from 2005 through 2008. The CMB and N effects were evaluated through digital image analysis of percentage of turfgrass coverage, gravimetric measurements of sod wet and dry weight and water content at harvest, analyses of total phosphorus (P) and total Kjeldahl N in turfgrass and soil, and computations of total P and N export through sod. Incorporation of 0.25 m3 of CMB/m3 soil and fertilizer N rates of 50 or 100 kg N/ha/application increased percentage of turfgrass cover during establishment compared with controls. At sod harvest, dry weight was less and water content was greater for CMB-amended sod than for sod grown without CMB. Analyses of total nutrients in CMB and in turfgrass and soil indicated that two sod harvests removed all of the CMB sources of N and P incorporated or top-dressed during Tifway bermudagrass establishment and regrowth. Cycling of CMB through sod offers an opportunity for conserving CMB sources of nutrients and benefiting Tifway bermudagrass sod production and properties.
‘L-93’ Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Responses to Various Winter Light Intensities in the Southern Transition Zone
Authors: Baldwin Christian M. , Liu Haibo , McCarty Lambert B. , Luo Hong , Toler Joe E.
Published: February 2020

Seasonal variations in temperature and solar radiation in the warm climatic region of the transition zone increase difficulty of creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.)] management throughout the year. The impact of winter shade on bentgrass quality and subsequent residual effects of winter shade in spring and summer months has not been investigated. Therefore, a 2-year field study investigated trinexapac-ethyl (TE) [4-(cyclopropyl-α-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester] as a winter management strategy to alleviate winter shade stress and determined the winter shade tolerance of ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass under various reduced light environments. Treatments included a full-sunlight control; 58% and 96% morning, afternoon, and full-day shade artificial; and TE (0.02 kg a.i./ha) applied every 2 weeks from December to July. Data collection included daily light measurements (photosynthetic photon flux density), monthly canopy and soil temperatures, visual turfgrass quality (TQ), chlorophyll concentration, clipping yield, total root biomass, and total root nonstructural carbohydrates. Under 96% shade, canopy temperatures were reduced ≈57% from December to February, whereas soil temperatures were reduced 39% in February compared with full sunlight. Afternoon shade (58%) maintained acceptable TQ throughout winter for both years. Applying TE every 2 weeks in the winter negatively impacted bentgrass quality; however, TE enhanced spring and summer quality. Morning or afternoon shade minimally impacted parameters measured. Overall, moderate winter shade may not limit ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass performance as a putting green in the transition zone. Results suggest winter shade does not contribute to creeping bentgrass summer decline because all shade-treated plots fully recovered from shade damage in spring months.
Detection of Tobacco Rattle Virus RNA in Processed Potato Chips Displaying Symptoms of Corky Ringspot Disease
Authors: Crosslin James M.
Published: February 2020

In Apr. 2008, commercially purchased processed potato chips were observed with dark brown arcs and rings typical of corky ringspot disease. This disease is caused by infection with tobacco rattle virus (TRV). A portion of RNA 1 of TRV was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from each of eight discolored chips from three different bags purchased at three locations. Sequence analysis of the 463-bp amplicons confirmed that the products were indeed TRV in origin and were 97% identical to TRV sequences of isolates originating in Washington, Florida, and Wisconsin. Extracts from the symptomatic RT-PCR-positive chips were not infectious when mechanically inoculated onto tobacco leaves. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of plant virus RNA in a food product after high-temperature frying.
High Plant Density of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings Mitigates Inhibition of Photosynthesis Resulting from High Vapor-pressure Deficit
Authors: Shibuya Toshio , Sugimoto Akihito , Kitaya Yoshiaki , Kiyota Makoto
Published: February 2020

To evaluate the effects of plant density on gas exchanges under water stress resulting from high vapor-pressure deficit (VPD), we measured net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate, and leaf conductance (gl) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings before and after raising the VPD at different plant densities. Measurements were conducted continuously using a chamber and weighing method. Five, nine, or 12 seedlings with leaf area index (LAI) of 0.39, 0.73, and 1.10, respectively, were placed in the assimilation chamber. The average VPD in the chamber was raised from 1.1 to 3.7 kPa 30 min after the starting measurement. The Pn and gl decreased after raising the VPD above the plant community from 1.1 to 3.7 kPa. The VPD near the leaf surface (measured with 3-mm diameter humidity sensors) decreased with increasing LAI of the plant community, whereas average VPD in the whole chamber did not change with LAI. We noted significant negative correlations between the VPD near the leaf surface and Pn and gl. These results indicate that higher plant density mitigates the inhibition of photosynthesis resulting from high VPD by maintaining a lower VPD near the leaf surface with the development of a thicker boundary layer above the canopy.
Work-family conflict and professional commitment: proactive effect of transformational leadership
Authors: R. Arthi , G.N. Sumathi
Published: February 2020

The study aims to empirically test the moderation effect of transformational leadership characteristic on the relationship between work-family conflict and professional commitment among school teachers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 752 teachers currently working in private schools from selected districts in Tamil Nadu, India. Purposive sampling technique is used, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The moderating effect of transformational leadership behavior is examined using hierarchical regression analysis. Grounded with the conservation of resource theory (COR) and transformational leadership theory, the results supported the negative impact of work-family conflict on the professional commitment of teachers. Further, the moderation effect of transformational leadership found to reverse the negative relationship between work-family conflict and professional commitment. Thus, the transformational leadership behavior of leaders (head/principal) was found to foster the professional commitment of teachers. This study is focused only on the dimensions of transformational characteristics on the relationship between work-family conflict and professional commitment of teachers. Also, it would be constructive to examine other mediating or moderating impacts of variables such as peer support, job satisfaction, which can also have a significant impact. Further, the outcome variable related to the perspective of students can also be researched.
The Existence of the Statement of the Companions (Fatwā Ṣaḥāba) and its Ḥujjah in Islamic Legal Thoughts
Authors: Pongoliu Hamid
Published: February 2020

Fatwā ṣahāba can be used as ḥujjah (proof) even though the ulama (scholars) have different opinions regarding its validity. The ulama categorize the Companions’ fatwā as one of the sources of law decision which is still being disputed about the validity. It is different from the Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijmā’, and Qiyās that have been agreed by the most of the scholars as a source of Islamic law. The Companions’ fatwā has an influence on the development of Islamic law thought which can be substantially equated like a fiqh, because it is the result of istinbāṭ (efforts to extract the ẓannī (speculative) sharia law from original sources through the mobilization of all natural reasoning abilities) and the results of the Companions ra'y (establish a law of contemporary problems that have not been found in the Qur’an and hadith) which have been codified according to the particular mazhab. Therefore, the Companions fatwā is the result of the ijtihad of the Companions as ulama of the previous generation and became the ḥujjah of the ulama until today who have colored Islamic law thought, such as fatwā of Abū Bakr, Umar, ‘Uthmān, ‘Alī, ‘Abdullāh Ibn ‘Abbās, ‘Abdullāh Ibn Mas'ūd and other Companions. At least the fatwā ṣaḥaba can be used as ḥujjah in istinbāṭ of islamic law when new problems arise, and no proposition is found in the Qur'an and hadith.
Penyuluhan Kesadaran Hukum Tentang Regulasi Alasan Perceraian dalam Hukum Perkawinan Islam bagi Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Kabupaten Grobogan
Authors: Rismana Daud
Published: February 2020

Found Beneficiary Families (KPM) The Family of Hope Program (PKH) whose marriage ties have been shaken, some even claim to have long been abandoned by their partners without news and certainty about the continuation of their marriage ties. So they can only surrender to accept the situation without knowing what to do. These problems are due to lack of knowledge and understanding of the reasons for divorce in Islamic marriage law. Then there is no opportunity yet to get legal awareness about the reasons for divorce in Islamic marriage law. As well as from both of these concerns, legal violations occur intentionally or unintentionally. The method used in this service is the lecture method, the discussion method, and the evaluation method. This training and outreach activity produced the first conclusion, this activity was very needed and was beneficial for PKH Beneficiary Families in Wirosari District. Secondly, There is an increase in the understanding and knowledge of the participants of this activity towards the regulations or legislation regarding the reasons for divorce in Islamic marriage law in Indonesia. The third is that not all PKH KPMs in Wirosari sub-district have the opportunity to participate in this activity because of limited funds.

 

Ditemukan Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) yang ikatan perkawinannya telah goyah, bahkan ada yang mengaku telah lama ditinggalkan oleh pasangannya tanpa kabar dan kepastian mengenai kelanjutan ikatan perkawinan mereka. Sehingga mereka hanya bisa pasrah menerima keadaan tanpa tahu harus berbuat apa. Permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai alasan perceraian dalam hukum perkawinan Islam. Kemudian belum adanya kesempatan untuk mendapatkan penyuluhan kesadaran hukum tentang alasan perceraian dalam hukum perkawinan Islam. Serta dari kedua hal tersebut dikhawatirkan terjadi pelanggaran hukum baik disengaja maupun tidak disengaja. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah metode ceramah, metode diskusi, dan metode evaluasi. Kegiatan pelatihan dan penyuluhan ini menghasilkan kesimpulan yang pertama, kegiatan  ini sangat dibutuhkan  dan  bermanfaat  bagi Keluarga Penerima Manfaat PKH di Kecamatan Wirosari. Kedua, Terdapat peningkatan pemahaman dan pengetahuan para peserta kegiatan ini terhadap regulasi atau peraturan perundangan tentang alasan perceraian dalam hukum perkawinan islam di Indonesia. Yang ketiga adalah belum semua KPM PKH di Kecamatan Wirosari berkesempatan mengikuti kegiatan ini karena keterbatasan dana.
Peningkatan Entrepreunership Melalui Inisiasi dan Pelatihan Pengemasan Wedang Pucuk Daun Jati (Tectona Grandis L.F)
Authors: Suwahono Suwahono , Mulyanti Sri
Published: February 2020

The entrepreneurial spirit and value can be influenced through the initiation process, and business training. pharmacological analysis of teak shoots (Tectona Grandis l.f) had antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-diuretic, and hypoglycemic activity. The use of teak leaves in the form of easy use should be disseminated and introduced through initiation and entrepreneurship training. The results of this studied indicate had a significant influence between initiation and training of teak leaf packaging with the entrepreneurial spirit and  value. Entrepreneurship training can provide a good / positive contribution to the implementation of the business of students participating in the training because it helps in solving the obstacles that have been whacking business students.

 

Semangat dan nilai kewirausahaan dapat dipengaruhi melalui proses inisiasi, dan pelatihan bisnis. Analisis farmakologis tunas jati (Tectona Grandis l.f) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, antioksidan, antijamur, antiinflamasi, antipiretik, analgesik, anti diuretik, dan hipoglikemik. Penggunaan daun jati dalam bentuk mudah digunakan harus disebarluaskan dan diperkenalkan melalui pelatihan inisiasi dan kewirausahaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan antara inisiasi dan pelatihan pengemasan daun jati dengan semangat dan nilai wirausaha. Pelatihan kewirausahaan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang baik / positif untuk pelaksanaan bisnis siswa yang berpartisipasi dalam pelatihan karena membantu dalam memecahkan hambatan yang telah memukul siswa bisnis.
Pendampingan Manajemen Pengelolaan Sampah di Masyarakat Desa Gagaksipat Kecamatan Ngemplak Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Winarto Winarto , Mahfiana Layyin , Rosyidah Zaidah Nur , Wicaksono Andi
Published: February 2020

This fostering program on waste management to the community of Gagaksipat is to provide the knowledge on how to manage waste properly. Further, it also aims not only to reduce waste but also to get beneficiat profit from the waste. The participants for this programm were 60 residents of Gagaksipat Village, Ngemplak, Boyolali through purposive sampling. As the partners for the programm is Team from the Kopen Tourism and Education Village (KWEK) Kopen 1/7 Ngadirejo Kartasura Sukoharjo. The technique carried out was in the form of training and continued with monitoring and evaluating at the end of the activity. The theoretical basis of this activity is UU No. 18 of 2008 concerning waste processing. The seriousness and necessity of waste management starts from upstream to downstream with the implementation of concepts such as 3R (Reuse, Reduse, Recycle) and then up to 5R (Revalue and Recovery). The results of this fostering progamm will make the community more aware of and contribute to good and healthy waste management; provide community supplies to manage organic waste properly through biopori activities and provide supplies to the community to manage inorganic waste through waste management skills.

 

Program pendampingan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan managemen pengelolaan sampah kepada masyarakat agar sampah dikelola dengan baik, tidak menumpuk yang mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan dan membahayakan kehidupan terutama bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Pendampingan ini mengupas tentang pengelolaan sampah dengan baik agar tidak membuat petaka, tetapi mendatangkan manfaat secara ekonomi bagi masyarakat.Subyek pendampingan ini adalah 60 warga Desa Gagaksipat Kecamatan Ngemplak Kabupaten Boyolali yang diperoleh melalui purposive sampling. Adapun mitra pendamping dalam pelatihan ini adalah Tim dari Kampung Wisata dan Edukasi Kopen (KWEK) Kopen 1/7 Ngadirejo Kartasura Sukoharjo.Teknik yang dilakukan dalam pendampingan ini berbentuk pelatihan dan dilanjutkan dengan monitoring dan evaluasi diakhir kegiatan. Landasan teori kegiatan ini adalah UU No. 18 Tahun 2008 tentang pengolahan sampah. Keseriusan dan keharusan pengelolaan sampah mulai diperhatikan dari hulu sampai hilir dengan implementasi konsep seperti 3R (Reuse, Reduse, Recycle) kemudian sampai 5R (Revalue dan Recovery). Hasil dari pendampingan ini membuat masyarakat semakin menumbuhkan kesadaran dan peranan terhadap pengelolaan sampah yang baik dan sehat; memberikan bekal masyarakat untuk mengelola sampah organik dengan baik melalui kegiatan biopori dan memberikan bekal kepada masyarakat untuk mengelola sampah anorganik melalui keterampilan pengelolaan sampah.
Body size and age structure of the Parvilacerta parva (Boulenger, 1887) population from Sivas, Turkey
Authors: ERGÜL KALAYCI Tuğba , UYSAL İbrahim , GUL Çiğdem , ÖZDEMİR Nurhayat
Published: February 2020

Longevity and age of sexual maturity are key life history trait factors directly linked to ecological and evolutionary aspects. In this study, we determined age structure of Parvilacerta parva individuals from Sivas (Turkey) using skeletochronology. The maximum age was found to be seven years for females and six years for males of P. parva. A significant relationship was found between age and body size in individuals whose head length, head width and body length were measured. Additionally, it was seen that there is a significant relationship among body length, head length and head width.
Bitlis İli Ceviz Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Tarım Alanlarında Görülen Ceviz Antraknozu (Ophiognomonia leptostyla) Hastalığının Morfolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Authors: KOÇ İbrahim , ÇELİK Ali , DEMİRER DURAK Emre , DEMİR İbrahim , BAYMAN Serkan , MİRTAGİOĞLU Hamit , DEMİR Semra
Published: February 2020

Bitlis, ceviz üretiminde ülkemizde öne çıkan illerimiz arasında yer almaktadır. Ceviz insan beslenmesi açısından oldukça yüksek besin değerlerine sahiptir. Ceviz antraknozu (Ophiognomonia leptostyla) hastalığı dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de cevizin en önemli fungal hastalıkları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bitlis il genelinde (Adilcevaz, Ahlat, Güroymak, Hizan, Merkez, Mutki ve Tatvan) sürveyler yapılmış ve gözle görülür simptomların çıkış zamanının Haziran sonu (Temmuz başı) olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bahsi geçen ceviz üretimi yapılan alanlardan hastalık etmeninin kültür ortamına izolasyonu yapılmış olup, besi ortamında meydana getirdiği kolonial özelliklere göre hastalık etmeni morfolojik olarak doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca gelişen kolonilerden DNA izolasyonu yapılarak etmene ait ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) bölgeleri PCR ile çoğaltılmıştır. PCR sonucu elde edilen yaklaşık 560 bp uzunluğundaki amplikonlar dizilenmiştir. Etmenin ITS bölgesine ait diziler diğer dünya izolatları dikkate alınarak “Blastn” analizine tabi tutulmuş ve Genbank veri tabanına erişim numaraları (MK685678 ve MK685679) altında kaydedilmiştir. Çalışma ülkemizde hastalık etmeninin moleküler düzeyde incelendiği ilk araştırma özelliğindedir.
Arayüzey Doğal Oksit Tabakalı Al/p-Si/Al Yapıların Dielektrik Karakteristiklerine Ölçüm Frekansının Etkileri
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mehmet Can , SEVGİLİ Ömer , ORAK İkram , TÜRÜT Abdülmecit
Published: February 2020

Deneysel olarak karakteristiklerini belirlemeye çalıştığımız arayüzey doğal oksit tabakalı Al/p-Si/Al metal/oksit tabaka/yarıiletken veya diğer bir adıyla metal/yalıtkan tabaka/yarıiletken (MIS) yapılar elde edilmiştir. Bu yapı için taban malzeme olarak 1-10 Ω-cm özdirençli p-Si yarıiletkeni kullanılmıştır. Arka yüzeyi omik kontaklı olan bu p-Si dilim, laboratuvar ortamında ön parlak yüzeyi üzerinde doğal oksit SiO2 tabakasının oluşması sağlanmıştır. Diyot parametrelerinin elde edilmesi için, yaygın olarak kullanılan, farklı frekanslarda kapasite-gerilim (C-V) kondüktans-gerilim (G-V) ölçümlerinden Al/p-Si MIS yapının deneysel frekans admittans karakteristikleri elde edilmiştir. Bu karakteristiklerinden, gerçek 𝜀′ ve sanal dielektrik 𝜀′′ sabiti, loss-tanjant (𝜀′′/𝜀′), gerçek 𝑀′ ve sanal elektriksel modulüs 𝑀′′ ve ac iletkenliği 𝜎𝑎𝑐 gibi parametreleri hesaplanmış ve gerekli grafikler çizimleri ve yorumları yapılmıştır.
Erişte Üretiminde Şeker Pancarı Lifinin Kullanımı
Authors: GÖKBULUT İncilay , BOY Pınar
Published: February 2020

Şeker pancarı lifi (ŞPL), şeker pancarından şeker üretimi esnasında ortaya çıkan şeker endüstrisinin bir yan ürünüdür. Bu çalışma farklı partikül boyutlarında hazırlanan şeker pancarı lifinin, erişte üretiminde kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada kurutulmuş şeker pancarının kimyasal özellikleri, besinsel lif (BL) içerikleri, renk değerleri ( L*, a*, b*) ve duyusal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Şeker pancarı lifi (ŞPL) ince (212 μm) ve kaba (850 μm) olmak üzere 2 farklı partikül boyutlarında hazırlanarak, farklı oranlarda (%3, %6, %9, %12 ve %15 (w/w) erişte üretiminde kullanılmıştır. Erişte örneklerine iki boyutun farklı oranlardaki ilavesinin, eriştelerin besinsel lif özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar oluşturduğu saptanmıştır (p˂ 0.05). Erişte örneklerine ince ve kaba partikül olarak katılan şeker pancarı liflerinin farklı oranlardaki ilavesinin artışı, eriştelerin besinsel lif içeriklerinde artışa neden olmuştur. Renk değerlendirmesinde, lif ilavesi arttıkça “L” ve “a” değerlerinin arttığı, “b” değerinin azaldığı saptanmıştır. Kontrol erişte örneği ile lif ilavesi yapılan örnekler arasındaki renk farklılıkları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Yapılan duyusal analizler sonucunda doku, lezzet ve genel beğeni yönünden 212 μm ŞPL ilaveli eriştelerin en yüksek ortalama puanı aldığı saptanmıştır. Şeker pancarı lifinin, duyusal parametrelerini olumsuz bir şekilde etkilemeden, lif içeriklerini arttırmak için erişteye ilave edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır
Optimization and scale-up of an LED-illuminated microalgal photobioreactor for wastewater treatment
Authors: Silva L. M. L. , Santiago A. F. , Silva G. A. , Castro A. L. P. , Bastos L. S. , Periard L. , Vassoler F.
Published: February 2020

The use of light-emitting diode (LED)-illuminated photobioreactors with microalgae has been extensively studied for wastewater treatment. Most studies have used isolated microalgae species; however, this practice does not match the reality of conditions in wastewater treatment plants. Operational conditions that promote greater growth of algal biomass and that remove pollutants most effectively are disputed in the literature. In this context, LED-illuminated photobioreactors with microalgae were evaluated using multivariate analysis in order to optimize removal of pollutants (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbonaceous organic matter). Three variables were evaluated: operating time, LED wavelength, and luminous flux intensity. A microalgae consortium was used in the photobioreactor. In addition to the LED-illuminated photobioreactors, control photobioreactors illuminated by sunlight were also operated. Using the results obtained in the optimization, a scaled-up reactor approximately 8.5 times larger in volume was operated to evaluate if the behavior would be maintained. The best operational conditions for the removal of pollutants were observed in LED-illuminated photobioreactors operated under a light intensity of 700 μmol·m−2s−1 for 15 days. Under these conditions, it was possible to remove 89.97% of carbonaceous organic matter, 86.50% of nitrogen, and 30.64% of phosphorus. The scaled-up photobioreactor operated with similar performance.
Features of the sports experiences among basketball players - cadets and juniors
Authors: Malinauskas Ramualdas Kazemirovich , Zablockis Sarunas
Published: February 2020

The aim of the research was to study the features of the sports experiences among basketball players - cadets and juniors. To achieve this goal, the Sport Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) developed by Luiggi, Maïano and Griffet was used. The results showed that that basketball players juniors had significantly richer competitive experience and the experience of progress than cadets. When assessing the risk taking experience, no statistically significant differences were found between the cadets and juniors.
O projeto novos talentos da rede pública
Authors: Calixto João B.
Published: February 2020

A Rede Nacional de Educação para a Ciência (RNEC) foi idealizada e criada pelo esforço e dedicação do professor Leopoldo de Meis. Filho de pais italianos mas veio para o Brasil ainda criança. Graduou-se em Medicina pela UFRJ em 1961. Fez sua formação acadêmica no exterior, retornou para a UFRJ onde se tornou professor titular de Bioquímica Médica. Em 1985, iniciou seu trabalho na área de educação para ciência, enfatizando a participação de comunidades carentes. Com apoio da Fundação Vitae, depois da FINEP e CAPES criou a RNEC, formada por 32 grupos de pesquisa, de 20 instituições em 14 estados da federação. De Meis deixou um extraordinário legado científico e humanístico. A RNEC permitiu a inclusão social de milhares de jovens carentes e professores da rede pública, utilizando material didático de altíssima qualidade técnica e beleza incluindo: livros, vídeos e peças de teatro que tornaram o ensino de ciências extremamente atraente, dinâmico e alegre.
Ciência e tecnologia na escola
Authors: Santos Francisco Luiz dos
Published: February 2020

A evolução das tecnologias desde a metade da década de noventa impôs às escolas um constante repensar em suas abordagens, sobretudo, as que implicam em aprendizagens mediadas pelos instrumentos computacionais ou mesmo digitais, de grande interesse dos jovens na era digital. O Recife iniciou um programa avançado de tecnologias nas escolas em 2013, bem como, a instalação de Laboratórios de Ciências em meio a readequação de antigos laboratórios de informática para espaços tecnológicos com dispositivos computacionais móveis. Unindo laboratórios de ciências com os espaços tecnológicos, surgiu o programa de laboratórios para a Escola do Futuro, denominados de Laboratórios de Ciência e Tecnologia. Esses laboratórios contemplam um espaço físico único onde são desenvolvidas atividades relacionadas à quatro Laboratórios convencionais: Ciências, Instrumentação Científica, Robótica e Programação e Espaço Maker. Nestes laboratórios, os próprios estudantes podem resolver problemas que façam sentido para eles, fazer experiências e projetos de vida; os professores podem dar aulas práticas e de demonstração, entre outras atividades possíveis. Os projetos, de escolha dos próprios estudantes, são desenvolvidos a partir da aprendizagem baseada em problemas (PBL), aprendizagem prática do mão na massa (Maker) aliado com abordagem educacional que integra ciências, tecnologia, engenharia, artes e matemática, ou seja, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math) (Thibaut, 2018). Neste artigo, mostraremos a construção conceitual, as instalações e resultados obtidos na fase piloto e na fase de funcionamento dos primeiros Laboratórios de Ciência e Tecnologia.
Olumlu Sosyal Davranış Eğilimi Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Kendini Belirleme Kuramı Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: Aktaş Vezir , Kındap Tepe Yeliz
Published: February 2020

Toplumsal yaşamın önemli bir yönü olan olumlu sosyal davranışlar, toplumun düzgün işleyişi için kritik bir öneme sahiptir ve hemen hemen her toplum bu tür davranışları takdir ve teşvik etmektedir. Olumlu sosyal davranışlar konusunda son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda, olumlu sosyal davranışın çok boyutlu ve davranışın altında yatan motivasyona vurgu yapılmakta, Kendini Belirleme Kuramı (KBK) çerçevesinde, olumlu sosyal davranışın altında yatan motivasyon içsel veya dışsal olabileceği öne sürülmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Carlo ve Randall (2002) tarafından geliştirilen ve altı farklı türde olumlu sosyal davranışları ölçen Olumlu Sosyal Davranış Eğilimi Ölçeği’nin psikometrik yapısı KBK temelinde incelenmiştir. Ölçek maddelerin içsel ve dışsal motivasyon olarak ayrışıp ayrışmadığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılan analizler sonucunda, sözkonusu ölçeğin içsel motivasyon ve dışsal motivasyon ayırımı temelinde iki boyutlu olarak da kullanılabileceği ve sözkonusu iki faktörün açıkladığı varyansın %39.18 olduğu) görülmüştür. İç tutarlılık açısından bakıldığında ise içsel ve dışsal motivasyon alt boyutlarının güvenirliğinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, Carlo ve Randall’ın (2002) sınıflaması göz önüne alındığında, ölçeğin özellikle özgecilik alt boyutunun Türk kültürü bağlamında yeniden kavramsallaştırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirlenmiş ve tüm sonuçlar KBK bağlamında tartışılmıştır.
An Aortic “Supravalvular Shelf” is Not Always Innocuous
Authors: Göbölös Laszlo , Bajwa Gurjyot , Ramahi Jehad , Bergonzi Pier Carlo , Bhatnagar Gopal
Published: February 2020

Supravalvular aortic stenosis is a rare cause of secondary aortic root distension and/or aortic valve regurgitation. Non-syndromic aortic aneurysms
may also occur in young adults and can develop silently, representing an asymptomatic, life-threatening condition. Clinicians should, therefore, be
alert to the possibility of this uncommon, but potentially serious disease, often first revealed by an imaging modality requested for other
indications, even in case of an established, more benign diagnosis.
SOX4 Serves an Oncogenic Role in the Tumourigenesis of Human Breast Adenocarcinoma by Promoting Cell Proliferation, Migration and Inhibiting Apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Junhe , Chai Shujie , Ruan Xinyu
Published: February 2020

Background:

Breast cancer is among the most common malignant cancers worldwide, and breast adenocarcinoma in glandular tissue cells has excessive metastasis and invasion capability. However, little is known on the molecular process by which this disease develops and progresses.

Objective:

In this study, we explored the effects of sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) protein on proliferation, migration, apoptosis and tumourigenesis of breast adenocarcinoma and its possible mechanisms.

Methods:

The SOX4 overexpression or knockdown Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell lines were established. Among the SOX4 overexpression or MCF-7 knockdown cell lines, proliferation, migration ability and apoptosis rate were detected. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Cleaved caspase-3) were analysed using Western blot. The effect of SOX4 on tumourigenesis was analysed using the clone formation assay in vitro and tumour xenograft experiment in nude mice.

Results:

Compared with the overexpression of control cells, proliferation and migration ability of SOX4 overexpression cells significantly increased, the apoptosis rate significantly decreased in addition to the expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the knockdown of control cells, proliferation and migration ability of SOX4 knockdown cells significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased (P < 0.05). Clone formation and tumour growth abilities of SOX4 overexpression cells were significantly higher than those of the control cells (P < 0.05), whereas SOX4 knockdown cells had the opposite effect.

Conclusion:

SOX4 plays an oncogenic role in breast adenocarcinoma tumourigenesis by promoting cell proliferation, migration and inhibiting apoptosis. It can be used as a potential molecular target for breast cancer gene therapy.
Microwave-assisted Cobalt-copper Dual Catalyzed Ligand Free C-Se Cross-coupling
Authors: Kundu Debasish , Roy Anup , Panja Subir , Singh Raj K.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Organoselenides are important building blocks of several biologically important
molecules and natural products. Several protocols have been developed by chemists for their synthesis.
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling is a powerful tool for this purpose in the last two decades. Various
transition metal catalysts e.g. Pd, Ni, Cu, In etc. have been used for performing C-Se cross-coupling
in the presence or absence of ligands.

Objective:

Development of a sustainable protocol for transition metal-catalyzed C-Se cross-coupling is
the main objective of this research. Recently, Cobalt has been applied as a cheap and sustainable transition
metal catalyst in several organic reactions. This protocol is focused on applying cobalt salt as a catalyst
for performing C-Se cross-coupling for the first time.

Methods:

Co(acac)2 has been successfully employed for performing Se-arylations in the presence of CuI,
which acts as a co-catalyst under microwave irradiation. NMP was used as solvent and KOH as a reductant
in this reaction.

Results:

Both iodo-and bromoarenes have been used to perform C-Se cross-coupling with diaryl
diselenide under this Co/Cu dual catalytic system. The reaction was successful with both electrondonating
and withdrawing groups in ortho-, meta-, and para-positions in the aromatic ring of Bromo and
iodoarenes.

Conclusion:

This is an effective protocol for the preparation of organoselenides, catalyzed by cobalt in
the presence of copper. The mechanism has been established by several experimental techniques.
Biomimicry: An Overview of Structures, Designs and Materials Inspired from Nature
Authors: Vasanthanathan Arunachalam , Siddharth Uthirakumar , Vignesh Manivannan , Pravin Radhakrishnan
Published: February 2020

Background:

Nature has always played a vital role in the evolution of life forms.
The design of products in accordance with nature’s design, popularly known as biomimicry,
had played a vital role in pushing the technology and product effectiveness to the next level.
Humans have long sought to mimic not just the design, but also the methodology adopted by
certain animals. For example, the walking technique of vertebrates has been effectively
mimicked for a quadruped robot to make a system more efficient by consuming less power.
Thus indirectly, nature acts as a driving factor in pushing technological growth.

Methods:

The principle objective of this paper is to provide an overview of popular bio
mimicked products inspired by nature. This paper emphasizes a wide variety of products
developed in the field of materials inspired by nature.

Results:

Wall-climbing robots, Sonar, X-ray imaging, Sandwich and Honeycomb structures
are some of the popular products and designs inspired by nature. They have resulted in better
designs, better products with improved efficiency and thus have proven to be better alternatives.
Some products and designs such as Samara drone, Riblet surfaces, DSSCs, Biomimetic
Drills and Water turbines have plenty of scopes to replace conventional products and
designs.

Conclusion:

While plenty of products, structures and designs have successfully replaced
older alternatives, there is still a large scope for biomimicry where it could potentially replace
conventional products and designs to offer better efficiency.
Pemberantasan korupsi anggota DPRD di era otonomi daerah
Authors: Murdiono Mukhamad
Published: February 2020

Since the implementation of decentralization, the drastic changes of politic and governmental system has been occurred in Indonesia. One of those changes is the growing significant of legislature role. In autonomy of district era, legislature was growing to be powerful marked by the function of its role, as aspiration channel and executive controller. The empowerment of legislature role in autonomy era brings some problems, not only connected with legislature themselves but also with executive. The problem connected with legislature can be cited such as bad behaviors (manipulation of graduation, money politics, corruption, etc.). Those bad behaviors have been caused the degradation of DPRD image and decadency moral. Therefore, it is necessary to rebuild politic morality and to change the image of legislative members. In order to change the image of DPRD the things can be done are reformation and radical change of DPRD by all element of society. Besides that, it is necessary to review the relationship between DPRD and people. The members of DPRD should compromise their views as well as their own needs with the people's aspirations and needs.
Tantangan kontemporer organisasi masyarakat sipil dalam gerakan hak asasi manusia
Authors: Halili Halili
Published: February 2020

Civil Society Organizations play a significant role in movement of human rights. CSO's face shifting contemporary challenges, namelY, betrayal against values of human rights and weaknesses of state sovereignty. These new challenges strive for CSO's to conduct some action in two ways: retrospective paradigm and prospective one. In one hand, they should do war against forget in the past viola­tions of human rights. In the other hand, tbey have to respond progressivelY the future challenge of human rights.
Urgensi 'social capital' dalam revitalisasi organisasi kemahasiswaan di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Authors: Nasiwan Nasiwan
Published: February 2020

Social capital plays an urgent role in building and maintaining elan vital of student bodies which are up to some level fragmented into subcomponent labels and step down into internal frictions. The social capital should emerge and be maintained in any activity of students organi­zations and interrelation among them. Student boards and also lecturers should have conscious­ ness to raise and increase the social capital.
Association Between Web-Based Physician Ratings and Physician Disciplinary Convictions: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Liu Jessica Janine , Goldberg Hanna R , Lentz Eric JM , Matelski John Justin , Alam Asim , Bell Chaim M
Published: February 2020

Background

Physician rating websites are commonly used by the public, yet the relationship between web-based physician ratings and health care quality is not well understood.

Objective

The objective of our study was to use physician disciplinary convictions as an extreme marker for poor physician quality and to investigate whether disciplined physicians have lower ratings than nondisciplined matched controls.

Methods

This was a retrospective national observational study of all disciplined physicians in Canada (751 physicians, 2000 to 2013). We searched ratings (2005-2015) from the country’s leading online physician rating website for this group, and for 751 matched controls according to gender, specialty, practice years, and location. We compared overall ratings (out of a score of 5) as well as mean ratings by the type of misconduct. We also compared ratings for each type of misconduct and punishment.

Results

There were 62.7% (471/751) of convicted and disciplined physicians (cases) with web-based ratings and 64.6% (485/751) of nondisciplined physicians (controls) with ratings. Of 312 matched case-control pairs, disciplined physicians were rated lower than controls overall (3.62 vs 4.00; P<.001). Disciplined physicians had lower ratings for all types of misconduct and punishment—except for physicians disciplined for sexual offenses (n=90 pairs; 3.83 vs 3.86; P=.81). Sexual misconduct was the only category in which mean ratings for physicians were higher than those for other disciplined physicians (3.63 vs 3.35; P=.003)

Conclusions

Physicians convicted for disciplinary misconduct generally had lower web-based ratings. Physicians convicted of sexual misconduct did not have lower ratings and were rated higher than other disciplined physicians. These findings may have future implications for the identification of physicians providing poor-quality care.