bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption Structures Affecting the Electronic Properties and Photoinduced Charge Transfer at Perylene‐Based Molecular Interfaces
Authors: Wirsing Sara , Hänsel Marc , Craciunescu Luca , Belova Valentina , Schreiber Frank , Broch Katharina , Engels Bernd , Tegeder Petra
Published: July 2023

Perylene‐based organic semiconductors are widely used in organic electronic devices. Here, we studied the ultrafast excited state dynamics after optical excitation at interfaces between the electron donor (D) diindenoperylene (DIP) and the electron acceptor (A) dicyano‐perylene‐bis(dicarboximide) (PDIR‐CN2) using femtosecond time‐resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) in combination with large scale quantum chemical calculations. Thereby, we varied in bilayer structures of DIP and PDIR‐CN2 the interfacial molecular geometry. For an interfacial configuration which contains a edge‐on geometry but also additional face‐on domains an optically induced charge transfer (CT) is observed, which leads to a pronounced increase of the SHG signal intensity due to electric field induced second harmonic generation. The interfacial CT state decays within 7.5±0.7 ps, while the creation of hot CT states leads to a faster decay (5.3±0.2 ps). For the bilayer structures with mainly edge‐on geometries interfacial CT formation is suppressed since π‐π overlap perpendicular to the interface is missing. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides important insights into D/A charge transfer properties, which is needed for the understanding of the interfacial photophysics of these molecules.
A new theorem on finite‐time stability of stochastic homogeneous systems and its application
Authors: Guo Lin , Yu Xin , Yin Juliang , Khoo Suiyang
Published: July 2023

This paper provides a novel Lyapunov theorem on finite‐time stability of stochastic homogeneous systems. Different from the existing results, the differential operator
in this paper is not required to be negative definite and could be negative semidefinite. The obtained condition is somehow similar to the LaSalle's condition. Moreover, the existing theorem of finite‐time stability for stochastic homogeneous systems is a special case of our result. As an application of the obtained theorem, stochastic finite‐time stabilization is considered for stochastic homogeneous affine control systems. Some examples and simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the results.
A class of mean‐field games with optimal stopping and its applications
Authors: Huang Jianhui , Xie Tinghan
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the optimal stopping problem under the large‐population framework. In particular, two classes of optimal stopping problems are formulated by taking into account the relative performance criteria. It is remarkable that the relative performance criteria, also understood by the Joneses preference, habit formation utility, or relative wealth concern in economics and finance, play an important role in explaining various decision behaviors such as price bubbles. By introducing such criteria in large‐population setting, a given agent can compare his individual stopping rule with the average behaviors of its cohort. The associated mean‐field games are formulated in order to derive the decentralized stopping rules. The related consistency conditions are characterized via some coupled equation system and the
‐Nash equilibrium properties are also verified. In addition, some inverse mean‐field optimal stopping problem is also introduced and discussed.
Pics or It Didn't Happen: Reading Photographs in the Reef Tank Community
Authors: Muka Samantha
Published: July 2023

In 1961, Lee Chin Eng jumpstarted the reef hobby, a hobby dedicated to the modeling of coral reefs in captivity, with an article inTropical Fish Hobbyist. He illustrated the article with eight photographs; these images were meaningful to the hobbyists viewing them and they conveyed both information about the tank system and also claims about Lee's expertise. This paper examines three genres of photographs—landscapes, active, and passive portraiture—that appeared in Lee's article and how and why they have proliferated in the reef hobbyist community over the last sixty years. By tracing the history of these genres, we can better understand natural knowledge producers rely on photographs to exchange knowledge and cement community identity.
Azathioprine induced acute sialadenitis: A case report
Authors: Moovara Cackamvalli Priyanka , Al Bakri Faten Mohammed Abdullah , Khanjar Izzat Ali M.
Published: July 2023

Key clinical message

Patients presenting with acute sialadenitis need careful review of their medications. Azathioprine is one of such drugs, which can rarely induce acute sialadenitis. Prompt discontinuation of the medication leads to reversal of the patient condition.

Acute sialadenitis is one of the rare adverse effects of azathioprine. We report a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis following initiation of azathioprine which resolved upon discontinuation of the drug.
Cation Radical Newman‐Kwart Rearrangement Enabled by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis under Mild Conditions
Authors: Enders Patrick , Prane Katrina , Schönke Eric , Taeufer Tobias , Michalik Dirk , Rabeah Jabor , Francke Robert
Published: July 2023

A photochemical rearrangement of O‐aryl thiocarbamates to the corresponding S‐aryl compounds that is triggered by heterogeneous electron transfer between the substrate and photo‐excited titanium dioxide is presented. The rearrangement is the key‐reaction in the three‐step conversion of phenols into the corresponding thiophenols. The described procedure can be performed at room temperature under aerobic conditions using violet LEDs. The rearrangement has been achieved for 24 electron‐rich substrates with yields up to 99 %. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on the substrate scope, spectroscopic studies, and control experiments.
Keramische Membranen für die effiziente Abtrennung von organischen Mikroschadstoffen aus wässrigen Lösungen am Beispiel pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehrdad , Tarigan Meilia , Schmitz Oliver , Schütz Steffen , Gießelmann Sabine , Czermak Peter
Published: July 2023

Ein unerlässlicher Bestandteil der modernen Medizin ist der Einsatz von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Ein Großteil der Pharmazeutika gelangt allerdings nach der Verabreichung durch Ausscheidungen in die kommunalen Kläranlagen. Dort können sie aufgrund ihrer schlechten biologischen Abbaubarkeit nicht umfassend eliminiert werden und gelangen über den Weg der Fließgewässer in das Grundwasser. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wird der Einsatz von keramischen Membranen zur Entfernung verschiedenartiger Wirkstoffe, z. B. Ibuprofen und Diclofenac, aus wässrigen Lösungen untersucht und es werden Ergebnisse zur Trenneffizienz der untersuchten Membranen präsentiert.
High‐Resolution Multiparameter DNA Flow Cytometry for Accurate Ploidy Assessment and the Detection and Sorting of Tumor and Stromal Subpopulations from Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues
Authors: Corver Willem E. , ter Haar Natalja T.
Published: July 2023

This article contains detailed protocols for the simultaneous flow cytometric identification of tumor cells and stromal cells and measurement of DNA content of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues. The vimentin‐positive stromal cell fraction can be used as an internal reference for accurate DNA content assessments of FFPE carcinoma tissues. This allows clear detection of keratin‐positive tumor cells with a DNA index lower than 1.0 (near‐haploidy) and of keratin‐positive tumor cells with a DNA index close to 1.0 in overall DNA aneuploid samples, thus improving DNA ploidy assessment in FFPE carcinomas. Furthermore, the protocol is useful for studying molecular genetic alterations and intratumor heterogeneity in archival FFPE samples. Keratin‐positive tumor cell fractions can be sorted for further molecular genetic analysis, while DNA from the sorted vimentin‐positive stromal cells can serve as a reference when normal tissue of the patient is not available. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Multiparameter DNA content analysis of FFPE carcinomas

Alternate Protocol 1: Immunocytochemistry for keratin and vimentin, and DNA labeling for blue and red excitation

Alternate Protocol 2: Immunocytochemistry for keratin and vimentin, and DNA labeling for blue excitation

Support Protocol: Sorting cell population from FFPE carcinomas
Design and implementation of high precision servo channel loading card for fatigue testing of aircraft wings
Authors: Zhao Baoshui , Xiao Yancai , Shen Haikuo
Published: July 2023

A servo channel loading card (SCLC) with high precision data acquisition and output is developed for static and fatigue testing of aircraft wings. A high‐performance processor field programmable gate array (FPGA) is at the core to control the excitation source (ES) output circuit to provide excitation for the force and displacement sensor. To improve the precision of the ES output circuit, a 3DA‐based ES auto‐calibration circuit is designed. Simulation results show that the 3DA improves the precision of the automatic calibration of the ES circuit. The sensor signals are collected through high precision analog channels, and the signals are automatically zero calibrated and numerical control gain processed. Ultimately, a voltage or current signal is generated through the drive circuit to control the electro‐hydraulic servo loading system to complete a high precision force loading test on the aircraft wings. The experimental results show that the board designed has high reliability in both acquisition and output. The ES output achieved a precision of 0.1375 mV/V, the precision of signal acquisition achieves a precision of −0.175 mV/V, and the servo drive output achieves a precision of −0.06 mV/V, meeting the expected design precision of 1 mV/V.
Expert consensus on standardized management of tumor gene sequencing for cancer patients
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Zhan Yanxia , Ji Lili , Chen Hao , Cheng Yunfeng
Published: July 2023

Background

Tumour gene detection by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) can comprehensively analyze the molecular characteristics of tumors, and predict drug efficacy and tumor resistance mechanisms through tumour cell models, thereby realizing individualized and precise treatment. Therefore, the whole process of standardized management is required. This consensus aims to refine the standardized management of tumor gene sequencing for cancer patients based on the NGS platform, hoping to provide help for the personalized treatment of cancer patients, and further promoting the development of precision medicine.

Methods and results

Standardized management for tumour gene detection of cancer patients includes patient management before gene testing, during gene testing, and after gene testing. Tumour patients should select appropriate test samples and test content before receiving genetic testing. There should be a clear informed consent statement during the test, a detailed report should be provided after the test, and counseling and monitoring follow‐up should be provided. The management of genetic testing of tumour patients should cover early screening and early diagnosis of tumors, molecular classification and companion diagnosis of tumours, and monitoring of tumour recurrence.

Conclusion

Effective management and standardized procedures for gene detection of cancer patients, covering the whole process before, during and after detection, will benefit the majority of patients from early screening, personalized diagnosis and treatment, prognosis evaluation and other aspects of cancer, and promote the healthy development of the precision medicine industry.
Mason bees and honey bees synergistically enhance fruit set in sweet cherry orchards
Authors: Osterman Julia , Benton Frances , Hellström Sara , Luderer‐Pflimpfl Meike , Pöpel‐Eisenbrandt Ann‐Kathrin , Wild Bilyana Stoykova , Theodorou Panagiotis , Ulbricht Christin , Paxton Robert J.
Published: July 2023

Mason bees (Osmia spp.) are efficient fruit tree pollinators that can be encouraged to occupy and breed in artificial nesting material. In sweet cherry orchards, they are occasionally used as an alternative managed pollinator as a replacement for or in addition to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Yet, the lack of practical guidelines on management practices, for example optimal stocking rates, for both mason bee nesting material and honey bees might compromise pollination service provision. In this study, we assessed the relationship between stocking rates (honey bee hives and mason bee nesting material) and the abundance of honey bees and mason bees in 17 sweet cherry (Prunus avium) orchards in Central Germany. We furthermore performed a pollination experiment to explore the interactive effect of mason bees and honey bees on sweet cherry fruit set. In the orchards, both honey bee and mason bee abundance increased with increasing stocking rates of hives or nesting material, respectively. Honey bee abundance increased linearly with stocking rates. In contrast, mason bee abundance asymptoted at 2–3 nesting boxes per ha, beyond which more boxes resulted in little increase in visitation rate. Our pollination experiment demonstrated that orchards were pollen limited, with only 28% of insect‐pollinated flowers setting fruit versus 39% of optimally hand‐pollinated flowers. Honey bees and mason bees enhanced sweet cherry fruit set, but only when both were present and not when either was present alone in an orchard. Our findings demonstrate that offering nesting material for mason bees and employing honey bee hives can enhance bee abundance in sweet cherry orchards. By increasing honey bee abundance in combination with enhanced mason bee abundance, farmers can substantially boost fruit set and potentially sweet cherry yield. To enhance pollination services, farmers should consider the benefits of increasing pollinator biodiversity as an immediate benefit to improve crop yields.
The extent of rapid colour change in male agamid lizards is unrelated to overall sexual dichromatism
Authors: Batabyal Anuradha , Zambre Amod , Mclaren Tess , Rankin Katrina J. , Somaweera Ruchira , Stuart‐Fox Devi , Thaker Maria
Published: July 2023

Dynamic colour change is widespread in ectothermic animals, but has primarily been studied in the context of background matching. For most species, we lack quantitative data on the extent of colour change across different contexts. It is also unclear whether and how colour change varies across body regions, and how overall sexual dichromatism relates to the extent of individual colour change. In this study, we obtained reflectance measures in response to different stimuli for males and females of six species of agamid lizards (Agamidae, sister family to Chameleonidae) comprising three closely related species pairs. We computed the colour volume in a lizard‐vision colour space occupied by males and females of each species and estimated overall sexual dichromatism based on the area of non‐overlapping male and female colour volumes. As expected, males had larger colour volumes than females, but the extent of colour change in males differed between species and between body regions. Notably, species that were most sexually dichromatic were not necessarily those in which males showed the greatest individual colour change. Our results indicate that the extent of colour change is independent of the degree of sexual dichromatism and demonstrate that colour change on different body regions can vary substantially even between pairs of closely related species.
Association between platelet counts and clinical outcomes in acute fatty liver of pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gao Yuanmei , Wang Xiaoli , Li Xiangbin , Fang Yuxin , Lv Chengtian , Chen Dunjin
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To investigate whether platelet counts are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 140 patients with AFLP admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2010 and August 2022. In this cohort study, we used smooth curve fitting, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the independent relationship between platelet counts and 42‐day postpartum mortality in AFLP.

Results

There were 140 patients with AFLP, of which 15 died and 53 (37.86%) had thrombocytopenia. The overall 42‐day postpartum maternal mortality was 10.7%. We observed a U‐shaped relationship between the platelet counts and 42‐day postpartum mortality. Two different slopes were observed below and above the inflection point at approximately 220 × 109/L. After adjusting for some confounders, patients with thrombocytopenia (<100 × 109/L) were found to have increased 42‐day postpartum mortality compared with middle‐tertile and highest‐tertile patients. Patients with thrombocytopenia had a higher 42‐day postpartum mortality, and higher proportions of intensive care unit admissions, postpartum hemorrhage, and multiple organ failure (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

A U‐shaped association between platelet counts and 42‐day postpartum mortality was observed in patients with AFLP. Thrombocytopenia is associated with poorer adverse clinical outcomes in women with AFLP.
Successful wound closure using fibrin glue for intractable neobladder‐urethral anastomosis leakage after radical cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction
Authors: Ishikawa Keisuke , Nagata Masayoshi , Anno Yuta , Yamagishi Miki , China Toshiyuki , Shimizu Fumitaka , Isotani Shuji , Muto Satoru , Horie Shigeo
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Complications of cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction such as anastomotic leakage have been reported. It is a common complication; however, most cases improve conservatively. The use of fibrin glue for fistulas has been reported, but no reports have shown its effectiveness for urinary tract anastomotic leakage. We experienced a case of intractable neobladder‐urethral anastomosis leakage after radical cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction, which was effectively managed using fibrin glue.

Case presentation

A 70‐year‐old man underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder reconstruction for invasive bladder cancer with urothelial carcinoma. After surgery, the urethral catheter fell off and the anastomotic leakage did not improve by adjusting the position of the urethral catheter and percutaneous nephrostomy. We closed the intractable neobladder‐urethral anastomotic leakage by injecting fibrin glue and the leakage completely disappeared.

Conclusion

Injecting fibrin glue into anastomotic site can be effective in severe neobladder‐urethral anastomosis leakage.
Identifying exchange rate effects and spillovers of US monetary policy shocks in the presence of time‐varying instrument relevance
Authors: Liao Wenting , Ma Jun , Zhang Chengsi
Published: July 2023

We propose a novel econometric approach to estimating time‐varying policy effects using external instruments in the presence of time‐varying instrument relevance in a factor‐augmented VAR model with data on the United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. We find that US monetary policy shocks are an important driver of the exchange rate movements, with no delayed overshooting. We show that estimates of spillover effects of US monetary policy shocks on the inflation and real economic activity would be distorted without considering time variation in instrument relevance, and time variation in policy effects reflects primarily varying shock size, not their transmission.
Neurodevelopmental toxicity of bisphenol AF in zebrafish larvae and the protective effects of curcumin
Authors: Yang Qian , Liu Jianmei , Ding Jie , Liu Jining
Published: July 2023

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is one of the most commonly used alternatives of bisphenol A in the plastics industry. The effects of BPAF on nervous development are unclear. Curcumin (CUR) has been determined to be an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant agent. In this study, the effects of BPAF on neurotoxicity of zebrafish embryos/larvae and whether CUR could reverse effects induced by BPAF were investigated. The results showed that BPAF treatment induced deficits in locomotor behavior, altered the larval brain development, caused aberrant expression of neurogenesis related genes (elavl3, zn5, α‐tubulin, syn2a, and gap43), decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and induced oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in zebrafish larvae. CUR addition could block the adverse effects of BPAF on nervous development by attenuated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by BPAF in zebrafish, enhanced the activity of AChE, and increased the expression of genes involved in the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐8). The results of this study indicate that BPAF could induce aberrant development on nervous system. However, CUR exerts neuroprotective effects on BPAF‐induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae.
The lived experience of reconstructing identity in response to genetic risk of frontotemporal degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dratch Laynie , Owczarzak Jill , Mu Weiyi , Cousins Katheryn A. Q. , Massimo Lauren , Grossman Murray , Erby Lori
Published: July 2023

With the increasing availability of predictive genetic testing for adult‐onset neurodegenerative conditions, it is imperative that we better understand the impact of learning one's risk status. Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is the second most prevalent cause of early‐onset dementia. About one‐third of patients have an identifiable genetic etiology, and some genetic variants that cause FTD can also cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To understand individuals' risk perception and broader experience of living at risk, we completed semi‐structured telephone interviews with 14 asymptomatic adults who tested positive for a variant known to cause risk for FTD and/or ALS. We conducted a thematic analysis, and within the core topic of identity, we derived three themes: conceptualization of FTD and ALS as a threat to identity, enduring uncertainty and dread, and varying centrality of risk status to identity. FTD and ALS risk raised fundamental issues for participants related to the essence of personhood, challenged them to confront Cartesian dualism (the philosophy of mind–body separation), and exposed how time, relationships, and social roles have affected their understanding of the nature of the self. Our findings provide important insight into how being at genetic risk shapes an individual's identity. We conclude that genetic counseling interventions that allow for identity exploration, anticipatory guidance, and uncertainty management should be utilized when supporting persons at risk.
Clique‐width: Harnessing the power of atoms
Authors: Dabrowski Konrad K. , Masařík Tomáš , Novotná Jana , Paulusma Daniël , Rzążewski Paweł
Published: July 2023

Many NP‐complete graph problems are polynomial‐time solvable on graph classes of bounded clique‐width. Several of these problems are polynomial‐time solvable on a hereditary graph class if they are so on the atoms (graphs with no clique cut‐set) of . Hence, we initiate a systematic study into boundedness of clique‐width of atoms of hereditary graph classes. A graph is ‐free if is not an induced subgraph of , and it is ‐free if it is both ‐free and ‐free. A class of ‐free graphs has bounded clique‐width if and only if its atoms have this property. This is no longer true for ‐free graphs, as evidenced by one known example. We prove the existence of another such pair and classify the boundedness of clique‐width on ‐free atoms for all but 18 cases.
A simple model to simulate the Raman spectrum of methane in the range of 2800–3040 cm−1
Authors: Tanichev Aleksandr S. , Petrov Dmitry V. , Kostenko Matvey A.
Published: July 2023

Raman spectroscopy is a promising method to analyze natural gas. Measurement of hydrocarbon concentrations is required for quality control of this fuel. Despite the presence of intense characteristic peaks of hydrocarbons in the range of 2800–3040 cm−1, researchers avoid this region due to the overlap with a methane spectrum. This paper presents a simple method to simulate the Raman spectrum of methane in natural gas at different pressures and concentrations of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ethane. A detailed description of the algorithm and the empirical parameters necessary for the simulation are provided. The method can be used to improve the accuracy of the Raman gas analysis of natural gas and other methane‐bearing media.
Asymptotic stability of the spectrum of a parametric family of homogenization problems associated with a perforated waveguide
Authors: Gómez Delfina , Nazarov Sergei A. , Orive‐Illera Rafael , Pérez‐Martínez María‐Eugenia
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we provide uniform bounds for convergence rates of the low frequencies of a parametric family of problems for the Laplace operator posed on a rectangular perforated domain of the plane of height H. The perforations are periodically placed along the ordinate axis at a distance between them, where ε is a parameter that converges toward zero. Another parameter η, the Floquet‐parameter, ranges in the interval . The boundary conditions are quasi‐periodicity conditions on the lateral sides of the rectangle and Neumann over the rest. We obtain precise bounds for convergence rates which are uniform on both parameters ε and η and strongly depend on H. As a model problem associated with a waveguide, one of the main difficulties in our analysis comes near the nodes of the limit dispersion curves.
Remarks on blowup of solutions for one‐dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with Maxwell's law
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Zhang Qiao , Yang Yong
Published: July 2023

In this note, we present some blowup results of solutions to the one‐dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with Maxwell's law. First, we improve the blowup result of Hu and Wang [Math. Nachr. 92 (2019), 826–840] with initial density away from vacuum by removing two restrictions. Next, we give a blowup result for the solutions with decay at far fields. Finally, we construct some special analytical solutions to exhibit the blowup or non‐blowup phenomena for the relaxed system.
Hilbert C∗$C^*$‐module independence
Authors: Eskandari Rasoul , Hamhalter Jan , Manuilov Vladimir M. , Moslehian Mohammad Sal
Published: July 2023

We introduce the notion of Hilbert ‐module independence: Let be a unital ‐algebra and let , be ternary subspaces of a Hilbert ‐module . Then, and are said to be Hilbert ‐module independent if there are positive constants m and M such that for every state on , there exists a state φ on such that
We show that it is a natural generalization of the notion of ‐independence of ‐algebras. Moreover, we demonstrate that even in the case of ‐algebras, this concept of independence is new and has a nice characterization in terms of Hahn–Banach–type extensions. We show that if has the quasi extension property and with , then . Several characterizations of Hilbert ‐module independence and a new characterization of ‐independence are given. One of characterizations states that if is such that , then and are Hilbert ‐module independent if and only if for all and . We also provide some technical examples and counterexamples to illustrate our results.
AAPM WGDCAB Report 372: A joint AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS report on commissioning of model‐based dose calculation algorithms in brachytherapy
Authors: Beaulieu Luc , Ballester Facundo , Granero Domingo , Tedgren Åsa Carlsson , Haworth Annette , Lowenstein Jessica R. , Ma Yunzhi , Mourtada Firas , Papagiannis Panagiotis , Rivard Mark J. , Siebert Frank‐André , Sloboda Ron S. , Smith Ryan L. , Thomson Rowan M. , Verhaegen Frank , Fonseca Gabriel , Vijande Javier
Published: July 2023

The introduction of model‐based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs) in brachytherapy provides an opportunity for a more accurate dose calculation and opens the possibility for novel, innovative treatment modalities. The joint AAPM, ESTRO, and ABG Task Group 186 (TG‐186) report provided guidance to early adopters. However, the commissioning aspect of these algorithms was described only in general terms with no quantitative goals. This report, from the Working Group on Model‐Based Dose Calculation Algorithms in Brachytherapy, introduced a field‐tested approach to MBDCA commissioning. It is based on a set of well‐characterized test cases for which reference Monte Carlo (MC) and vendor‐specific MBDCA dose distributions are available in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine—Radiotherapy (DICOM‐RT) format to the clinical users. The key elements of the TG‐186 commissioning workflow are now described in detail, and quantitative goals are provided. This approach leverages the well‐known Brachytherapy Source Registry jointly managed by the AAPM and the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston Quality Assurance Center (with associated links at ESTRO) to provide open access to test cases as well as step‐by‐step user guides. While the current report is limited to the two most widely commercially available MBDCAs and only for 192Ir‐based afterloading brachytherapy at this time, this report establishes a general framework that can easily be extended to other brachytherapy MBDCAs and brachytherapy sources. The AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS recommend that clinical medical physicists implement the workflow presented in this report to validate both the basic and the advanced dose calculation features of their commercial MBDCAs. Recommendations are also given to vendors to integrate advanced analysis tools into their brachytherapy treatment planning system to facilitate extensive dose comparisons. The use of the test cases for research and educational purposes is further encouraged.
Longitudinal assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute traumatic brain injury using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate
Authors: Hackett Edward P. , Chen Jun , Ingle Laura , Al Nemri Sarah , Barshikar Surendra , da Cunha Pinho Marco , Plautz Erik J. , Bartnik‐Olson Brenda L. , Park Jae Mo
Published: July 2023

Purpose

[13C]Bicarbonate formation from hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate via pyruvate dehydrogenase, a key regulatory enzyme, represents the cerebral oxidation of pyruvate and the integrity of mitochondrial function. The present study is to characterize the chronology of cerebral mitochondrial metabolism during secondary injury associated with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) by longitudinally monitoring [13C]bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate in rodents.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to undergo a controlled‐cortical impact (CCI, n = 31) or sham surgery (n = 22). Seventeen of the CCI and 9 of the sham rats longitudinally underwent a 1H/13C‐integrated MR protocol that includes a bolus injection of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate at 0 (2 h), 1, 2, 5, and 10 days post‐surgery. Separate CCI and sham rats were used for histological validation and enzyme assays.

Results

In addition to elevated lactate, we observed significantly reduced bicarbonate production in the injured site. Unlike the immediate appearance of hyperintensity on T2‐weighted MRI, the contrast of bicarbonate signals between the injured region and the contralateral brain peaked at 24 h post‐injury, then fully recovered to the normal level at day 10. A subset of TBI rats demonstrated markedly increased bicarbonate in normal‐appearing contralateral brain regions post‐injury.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that aberrant mitochondrial metabolism occurring in acute TBI can be monitored by detecting [13C]bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate, suggesting that [13C]bicarbonate is a sensitive in‐vivo biomarker of the secondary injury processes.
Growth hormone receptor agonists and antagonists: From protein expression and purification to long‐acting formulations
Authors: Wang Yue , Kim Minah , Buckley Chantal , Maynard Heather D. , Langley Ries J. , Perry Jo K.
Published: July 2023

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and GH receptor antagonists (GHAs) are used clinically to treat a range of disorders associated with GH deficiency or hypersecretion, respectively. However, these biotherapeutics can be difficult and expensive to manufacture with multiple challenges from recombinant protein generation through to the development of long‐acting formulations required to improve the circulating half‐life of the drug. In this review, we summarize methodologies and approaches used for making and purifying recombinant GH and GHA proteins, and strategies to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including PEGylation and fusion proteins. Therapeutics that are in clinical use or are currently under development are also discussed.
Dynamic risk analysis of flammable liquid road tanker based on fuzzy Bayesian network
Authors: Luan Tingting , Zhang Xue , Chang Jianchao , Wang Yakun , Li Hongru
Published: July 2023

Due to environmental variability of combustible liquid road transportation, it is difficult to analyze risk accurately. This article proposes a method for real‐time analysis of the risk of flammable liquid road transportation using a fuzzy Bayesian network. This method combines the binary logistic regression model with the bow‐tie model to analyze the influencing factors and accident evolution. Then, a Bayesian network framework is established based on the fault tree model. In the case of limited historical accident statistics, the fuzzy set theory and Leaky Noisy‐OR theory are used to determine the prior probability and conditional probability of Bayesian network nodes, and ALOHA software is used to simulate the dangerous area of the accident to define further the safe evacuation range and emergency rescue material demand. Taking the road transportation of a tanker in Beijing as an example, the accident probability is updated in real time by monitoring the data of transportation nodes, and the change rule of risk level with internal and external conditions at different times is analyzed. The research shows that this method can dynamically describe the road transportation accidents of hazardous chemicals with the GPS data of vehicles.
Peptide mixed phosphonates for covalent complex formation with thioesterases in nonribosomal peptide synthetases
Authors: Konno Sho , Tanaka Miyu , Mizuguchi Tomoe , Toyokai Haruka , Taguchi Akihiro , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: July 2023

Natural macrocyclic peptides derived from microorganisms are medicinal resources that are important for the development of new therapeutic agents. Most of these molecules are biosynthesized by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). The thioesterase (TE) domain in NRPS is responsible for the macrocyclization of mature linear peptide thioesters in a final biosynthetic step. NRPS‐TEs can cyclize synthetic linear peptide analogs and can be utilized as biocatalysts for the preparation of natural product derivatives. Although the structures and enzymatic activities of TEs have been investigated, the substrate recognition and substrate‐TE interaction during the macrocyclization step are still unknown. To understand the TE‐mediated macrocyclization, here we report the development of a substrate‐based analog with mixed phosphonate warheads, which can react irreversibly with the Ser residue at the active site of TE. We have demonstrated that the tyrocidine A linear peptide (TLP) with a p‐nitrophenyl phosphonate (PNP) enables efficient complex formation with tyrocidine synthetase C (TycC)‐TE containing tyrocidine synthetase.
Reduced‐order observer‐based adaptive event‐triggered output feedback tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with more general nonlinearities
Authors: Sun Chen , Lin Yan , Li Lin
Published: July 2023

This article proposes an adaptive event‐triggered output feedback tracking scheme for a class of nonlinear systems for which the system nonlinearities coupling with unmeasurable states satisfy a more general growth condition than those in the existing literature. To estimate the transformed state variables, a reduced‐order observer is first designed by using the gain scaling and estimation‐based techniques. Then, triggering conditions and event‐triggered control law are designed based on the dynamic gain, the observer states and the tracking error. It is shown that with the proposed scheme, the system communication and computation resources can be saved, the nonlinearities and the execution error can be compensated, and the tracking error can converge to an arbitrarily small residual set.
Optimal key pre‐distribution schemes from affine resolvable and partially affine resolvable designs
Authors: Saurabh Shyam , Sinha Kishore
Published: July 2023

Various key pre‐distribution schemes (KPSs) for distributed sensor networks (DSNs) were obtained from different combinatorial designs. A block design may be mapped to a KPS where is the number of nodes or network size and is the number of keys (points) per node. A KPS is corresponding to a symmetric balanced incomplete block design has full connectivity where all nodes are connected to each other. But it is desirable that all nodes do not share common keys as the compromise of any node will destroy the whole network (see Lee & Stinson, 2005; Martin, 2009). To meet the situation, Lee and Stinson (2005) introduced μ—common intersection design which has disjoint blocks and these disjoint blocks can establish a secure communication through certain common intersecting blocks. Here we have proposed optimal KPSs from affine resolvable and partially affine resolvable balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs and L2—type designs. It is shown that these designs are important classes of μ—common intersection designs. The KPSs obtained here are optimal in the sense of local connectivity. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 94C30; 68R05; 05B05; 62K10.
Perinatal outcome of fetuses predicted to be large‐for‐gestational age on universal third‐trimester ultrasound in non‐diabetic pregnancy
Authors: Robertson K. , Vieira M. , Impey L.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To describe the perinatal outcome of fetuses predicted to be large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) on universal third‐trimester ultrasound in non‐diabetic pregnancies of women attempting vaginal delivery.

Methods

This was a prospective population‐based cohort study of patients from a single tertiary maternity unit in the UK offering universal third‐trimester ultrasound and practicing expectant management of suspected LGA until 41–42 weeks. All women with a singleton pregnancy and an estimated due date between January 2014 and September 2019 were included. Women delivering before 37 weeks, those having a planned Cesarean delivery, those with pre‐existing or gestational diabetes, those with fetal abnormalities and those who did not undergo a third‐trimester scan were excluded from the assessment of perinatal outcome of cases with LGA predicted on ultrasound after implementation of the universal scan period. Association of LGA on universal third‐trimester ultrasound screening and perinatal adverse outcome was assessed, with the exposures of interest being estimated fetal weight (EFW) at the 90th–95th, > 95th and > 99th percentile. The reference group was composed of fetuses with EFW at the 30th–70th percentile. Analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. The evaluated adverse perinatal outcomes included a composite outcome of admission to neonatal intensive care unit, Apgar score < 7 at 5 min and arterial cord pH < 7.1 (CAO1) and a composite outcome of stillbirth, neonatal death and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (CAO2). Secondary maternal outcomes were induction of labor, mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia and obstetric anal sphincter injury.

Results

Cases with EFW > 95th percentile on universal third‐trimester scan were at increased risk of CAO1 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.18 (95% CI, 1.69–2.80)) and CAO2 (aOR, 2.58 (95% CI, 1.05–6.34)). Cases with EFW at the 90th–95th percentile had a less pronounced increase in the risk of CAO1 (aOR, 1.35 (95% CI, 1.02–1.78)) and were not at increased risk of CAO2. All pregnancies with a fetus predicted to be LGA were at increased risk of all of the evaluated secondary maternal outcomes except for obstetric anal sphincter injury. The risk of adverse maternal outcome was typically higher with increasing EFW. Post‐hoc exploration of data suggested that shoulder dystocia had a limited contribution to composite adverse perinatal outcomes in LGA cases (population attributable fraction of 10.8% for CAO1 and 29.1% for CAO2).

Conclusions

Cases with EFW > 95th percentile are at increased risk of severe adverse perinatal outcome, such as death and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. These findings should aid antenatal counseling regarding the associated risk and delivery options. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Hydrochemical and isotopic evaluation of groundwater and river water in the transboundary Silala River watershed
Authors: Aravena Ramon , Herrera Christian , Urrutia Javier
Published: July 2023

This article reviews a hydro‐chemical and isotopic study aiming to provide information about groundwater‐surface water interactions in the Silala River, a transboundary basin shared between Chile and Bolivia. The chemical and isotopic data show: The springs located in the northern section of the lower course of the Silala River and the Cajones springs in Bolivia have similar characteristics and represent a shallow flow system fed by local recharge. In contrast, the springs located in the higher and southern sections of the lower course of the river have similar characteristics than the Orientales springs located in the higher part of river basin indicating these springs are associated with a high‐altitude recharge area. The river in the upper course in Chile has similar chemical and isotopic characteristics to the springs already mentioned, indicating most of the river flow comes from the high part of the basin in Bolivia. The groundwater shows different chemical characteristics, similar depleted isotopic values, and much lower 14C values (including Orientales groundwater) than the upper springs and river, providing the first evidence that both systems are not connected in the Chilean section of the river and the springs system is part of a perched aquifer confirmed by visual field observations. These data support a conceptual model which includes an interaction between a perched aquifer, probably in alluvial deposits on the flanks of the volcanoes, and the river as result of a complex system of fractures present in the near‐surface levels of Silala Ignimbrite. This study provides valuable information for modeling of hydrological and hydrogeological data in the study area.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Water Quality
Papillary thyroid carcinoma: A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 cited articles
Authors: Ishtiak Mahamud , Jake Ahmed , Francis deCastro , Ameeth Sanu
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To describe the current trends and key themes that are shaping the literature surrounding papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Methods

The Thomson Reuters Web of Science citation database was used to identify manuscripts relevant to papillary thyroid carcinoma. These were then subdivided into title, author, journal, publication date, theme, and manuscript types. Themes were then identified.

Results

A total of 1506 manuscripts were returned. The mean citation number was 163 (range 885–74), with the highest citation rate of 73.5. The highest impact factor was JAMA (impact factor of 56.27). 85% were original research, 10% review articles, and 5% were guidelines. The highest number of manuscripts were published in South Korea (21%).

Conclusions

This bibliometric analysis describes the most influential papers published in the topic of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Historic key themes have been endocrinology and metabolism, followed by surgical management and oncology (subdivided into surgery, pathology, radiology and public health/epidemiology). South Korea leads the world with the largest number of publications in this field; with an incidence rate of papillary thyroid carcinoma that is significantly higher than most parts of the world. Despite concerns with overdiagnosis, a collaborative radiological team skilled in ultrasonography of the neck appears to be of great value to the workup of thyroid cancers.
Digital Twin for Evaluating Support Characteristics for Industrial Exoskeletons for Upper Body Activities
Authors: Villotti Samuel , Durst Lukas , Weidner Robert
Published: July 2023

Beside the advancing trends in automation especially in regard to Industry 4.0, workers in industrial factories in non-automated work activities often face repetitive tasks with heavy workloads. Whenever methods or adaptions in both technology and organization are insufficient to optimize working conditions, personal-related interventions as exoskeletons come into question. They may prove successful in alleviating musculoskeletal disorders and relieving physical strain. The increasing number of exoskeletons often challenges users or companies to select or specify an appropriate specific system for their applications. In order to address this problem, this paper presents the possibility for developers of using a digital twin for evaluating particular support characteristics of exoskeletons at an early stage of product development. The process for a user-specific design is strongly dependent on the activity and its environment. As a use case for the validation of a digital twin, an overhead work activity is analyzed and relevant factors such as muscle activity are examined in this paper. Initial simulation results show promising possibilities for parameter variation of different properties of an industrial work process in order to create a starting point for a future developing of an optimally tailored upper body exoskeleton.
Simulation-Based Potential Analysis of Line-Less Assembly Systems in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Rachner Jonas , Kaven Lea , Voet Florian , Göppert Amon , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: July 2023

Increasing product variety, shorter product life cycles, and the ongoing transition towards electro-mobility demand higher flexibility in automotive production. Especially in the final assembly, where most variant-dependent processes are happening, the currently predominant concept of flowing line assembly is already been pushed to its flexibility limits. Line-less assembly systems break up the rigid line structures by enabling higher routing and operational flexibility using individual product routes that are takt-time independent. Hybrid approaches consider the combination of line and matrix-structured systems to increase flexibility while maintaining existing structures. Such system changes require a high planning effort and investment costs. For a risk-minimized potential evaluation, discrete-event simulation is a promising tool. However, the challenge is to model the existing line assembly concept and line-less assembly for comparison. In this work, a comprehensive scenario analysis based on real assembly system data is conducted to evaluate the potential of line-less assembly in the automotive industry. Within the simulation, an online scheduling algorithm for adaptive routing and sequencing is used. Based on an automated experiment design, several system parameters are varied full-factorially and applied to different system configurations. Various scenarios considering worker capabilities, station failures, material availability, and product variants are simulated in a discrete-event simulation considering realistic assumptions. Results show that the throughput and utilization can be increased in the hybrid and line-less systems when assuming that the stations will have failures and the assumption of an unchanged order input.