bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of replacement of concentrate feed with Moringa leaves on dietary nutrient utilization in non-descript Chhattisgarh goats
Authors: Prusty Sonali , Tiwari SP , Gendley MK , Krishnan Kundan , Dubey Meenu , Parveen Kaiser , Doneria Raina , Gade Nitin
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted to analyse the effect of replacing commercially available concentrate mixture with dried Moringa oleifera leaves on the nutrient utilization pattern of diet in non-descript goat breeds of Chhattisgarh. Eight non-descript yearling goats allotted randomly into 2 groups (group1 and group2) based on their BW (13.48±1.07 kg). Animals in group 1 were offered concentrate @ 1.5% of body weight and hybrid Napiergrass ad lib. In the group 2, 50% of concentrate was replaced by Moringa leaves on dry matter basis. Dried leaves were analyzed for their chemical composition. The CP content was 27.52% and Fe and Zn were 125.4 ppm and 29.8 ppm, respectively. There was no significant effect on palatability of feed that was evident from similar DM intake in both the groups. Intake of individual nutrients also did not differ significantly among the groups. There was no effect of moringa leaves inclusion on the nutrient utilization. However significantly higher N retention was observed in Moringa supplemented group compared to commercial concentrate supplemented group. Thus, Moringa supplementation was helpful in reducing the quantity of commercial concentrate mixture inclusion in the diet of non-descript goats.
Pengaruh Metode Explicit Instruction Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Dalam Penanganan Pertama Cedera
Authors: Suwandewi Alit , Hiryadi Hiryadi , Noor Khalilati  , Izma Daud  , Mariani  , Hanafi Rizani
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Angka kejadian cedera olahraga yang cukup tinggi, serta rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap dalam penanganan pertama cedera olahraga tentu saja perlu mendapat perhatian, karena hal tersebut bisa berdampak lebih buruk dan kesakitan yang lebih fatal.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode Explicit Instruction terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap dalam penanganan pertama cedera olahraga di Pondok Pesantren Al-Falah Putera.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat pre eksperimen jenis One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design dengan intervensi pemberian pendidikan kesehatan metode Explicit Instruction. Jumlah responden sebanyak 80 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik Total Sampling. Analisis data yang  digunakan adalah uji statistik Wilcoxon test.
Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian pada tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap sebelum dan sesudah sama-sama didapatkan nilai ρ value 0,000 < α 0,05 dengankata lain ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode Explicit Instruction terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap santri.
Kesimpulan: Diharapkan dengan hasil penelitian ini mampu menjadi dasar yang baik dan bermanfaat bagi santri dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama saaat terjadinya cedera olahraga. Bagi pondok pesantren diharapkan bisa memberikan sosialisasi secara berkala dan pemberian pengetahuan terkait penanganan pertama cedera olahraga yang tepat.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Penyakit HIV/AIDS Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswa di SMK YPT Banjarmasin Tahun 2023
Authors: Elfika Elfika , Trifianingsih Dyah , Warjiman
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Kasus HIV/AIDS terus menerus menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. HIV/AIDS merupakan penyakit menular yang terjadi di kalangan masyarakat, dimana tingginya angka kejadian HIV/AIDS pada remaja yang disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan dan informasi sehingga remaja semakin beresiko tertular oleh HIV/AIDS. Pendidikan kesehatan sangat berperan penting dalam peningkatan pengetahuan remaja terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS, kesadaran dan pengetahauan HIV/AIDS yang baik serta sikaf positif sangat penting untuk pencegahan HIV/AIDS.  

Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Penyakit HIV/AIDS Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswa Di SMK YPT Banjarmasin.

Metodologi: Jenis penelitian ini pre-experimental design dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswa-siswi kelas X dan XI. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 132 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik sampling Consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan Pendidikan kesehatan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji paired T-Test.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan  yaitu baik sebanyak 3 responden (2,2%), cukup sebanyak 30 responden (22,7%), dan kurang sebanyak 99 responden (75%). Tingkat pengetahuan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan  yaitu kurang sebanyak 5 responden (3,8%), cukup sebanyak 29 responden (21,9%), baik sebanyak 98 responden (74,2%). Hasil uji paired T Test mennunjukan nilai signifikansi P Value 0,000 < 0,05

Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS terhadap tingkat pengetahuan siswa di SMK YPT Banjarmasin terkait penyakit HIV/AIDS.
Implantation of a capsular tension ring during cataract surgery attenuates predicted remodeling of the post-surgical lens capsule along the visual axis
Authors: Ameku Kurt A. , Berggren Caleb C. , Pedrigi Ryan M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Cataract surgery permanently alters the mechanical environment of the lens capsule by placing a hole in the anterior portion and implanting an intraocular lens (IOL) that has a very different geometry from the native lens. We hypothesized that implant configuration and mechanical interactions with the post-surgical lens capsule play a key role in determining long-term fibrotic remodeling.

Methods: We developed the first finite element-growth and remodeling (FE-G&R) model of the post-surgical lens capsule to evaluate how implantation of an IOL with and without a capsular tension ring (CTR) impacted evolving lens capsule mechanics and associated fibrosis over time after cataract surgery.

Results: Our models predicted that implantation of a CTR with the IOL into the post-surgical lens capsule reduced the mechanical perturbation, thickening, and stiffening along the visual axis in both the remnant anterior and posterior portions compared to implantation of the IOL alone.

Discussion: These findings align with patient studies and suggest that implantation of a CTR with the IOL during routine cataract surgery would attenuate the incidence of visually-debilitating capsule fibrosis. Our work demonstrates that use of such modeling techniques has substantial potential to aid in the design of better surgical strategies and implants.
3D bioprinting technology to construct bone reconstruction research model and its feasibility evaluation
Authors: Lv Xiao , Zhang Chenyang , Liu Xingzhu , Li Ping , Yang Yadong
Published: January 2024

Objective: To explore and construct a 3D bone remodeling research model displaying stability, repeatability, and precise simulation of the physiological and biochemical environment in vivo.

Methods: In this study, 3D bioprinting was used to construct a bone reconstruction model. Sodium alginate (SA), hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatin (Gel) were mixed into hydrogel as scaffold material. The osteoblast precursor cells MC3T3-E1 and osteoclast precursor cells RAW264.7 were used as seed cells, which may or may not be separated by polycarbonate membrane. The cytokines osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) were used to induce cell differentiation. The function of scaffolds in the process of bone remodeling was analyzed by detecting the related markers of osteoblasts (alkaline phosphatase, ALP) and osteoclasts (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP).

Results: The scaffold showed good biocompatibility and low toxicity. The surface morphology aided cell adhesion and growth. The scaffold had optimum degradability, water absorption capacity and porosity, which are in line with the conditions of biological experiments. The effect of induced differentiation of cells was the best when cultured alone. After direct contact between the two types of cells at 2D or 3D level, the induced differentiation of cells was inhibited to varying degrees, although they still showed osteogenesis and osteoclast. After the cells were induced by indirect contact culture, the effect of induced differentiation improved when compared with direct contact culture, although it was still not as good as that of single culture. On the whole, the effect of inducing differentiation at 3D level was the same as that at 2D level, and its relative gene expression and enzyme activity were higher than that in the control group. Hence the scaffold used in this study could induce osteogenesis as well as osteoclast, thereby rendering it more effective in inducing new bone formation.

Conclusion: This method can be used to construct the model of 3D bone remodeling mechanism.
Current status and future application of electrically controlled micro/nanorobots in biomedicine
Authors: Pu Ruochen , Yang Xiyu , Mu Haoran , Xu Zhonghua , He Jin
Published: January 2024

Using micro/nanorobots (MNRs) for targeted therapy within the human body is an emerging research direction in biomedical science. These nanoscale to microscale miniature robots possess specificity and precision that are lacking in most traditional treatment modalities. Currently, research on electrically controlled micro/nanorobots is still in its early stages, with researchers primarily focusing on the fabrication and manipulation of these robots to meet complex clinical demands. This review aims to compare the fabrication, powering, and locomotion of various electrically controlled micro/nanorobots, and explore their advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications.
Microbiomic signatures of anal fistula and putative sources of microbes
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Ling , Su Wenya , Zhang Shuqin , Xu Hai , Wang Mingyu , Shen Wenlong
Published: January 2024

Anal fistula is a common perianal disease that typically develops from an abscess caused by in-flammation in the area. It has long been believed that intestinal microbes play a significant role in its development, considering its close relation to the intestinal environment. This work attempts to identify the microbiomic signatures of anal fistula, and putative sources of microbes by analyzing microbiomes of 7 anal fistula-associated sites in 12 patients. This study found that microbes in anal fistulas may originate from the skin surface in addition to the intestinal tract. This finding was further validated by NMDS analysis, which also indicated that the microbial communities in the inner and outer openings of the fistula were more similar to their surrounding environments. Using MaAslin2, the characteristics of the microbiome were examined, demonstrating a higher similarity between the abundant bacteria in the anal fistula samples and those found on the skin surface. Moreover, pin-to-pair analysis conducted on all subjects consistently showed a higher abundance of skin-sourced bacteria in anal fistulas. This study identifies the microbiomic signatures of anal fistula, and provides novel insights into the origin of microorganisms in anal fistulas.
eHealth interventions for psychiatry in Switzerland and Russia: a comparative study
Authors: Chivilgina Olga , Elger Bernice S. , Fedotov Ilya , Jotterand Fabrice
Published: January 2024

Introduction

During the past decade, the use of digital technology to promote mental health has increased dramatically. Additionally, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel restrictions and the disruption of face-to-face interactions, have led to an increase in the use of digital technologies. A wide variety of technologies have been developed, including messaging chatbots, virtual reality technologies, direct-to-consumer apps, and even technologies that are fully integrated into clinical care tools.

Methods

The following qualitative study is based on the opinions of mental health specialists in both countries regarding the use of digital health technologies in psychiatry in Switzerland and Russia in 2019–2020. We investigate the state of adoption of digital technologies in the field of mental health, the meaning of such technologies, and the crucial factors in the use of such technologies in psychiatry.

Results

Health care professionals in both Russia and Switzerland are well aware of these technologies. However, the use of digital technology to promote mental health has taken different paths in these two health care settings.
Exploring online health information seeking and sharing among older adults: a mini-review about acceptance, potentials, and barriers
Authors: Bachofner Yves , Seifert Alexander , Sepahniya Samin , Fabian Carlo
Published: January 2024

Online health information seeking (OHIS) is understood by health care, health promotion, and disease prevention experts as a resource for healthy aging. It is particularly relevant for older adults since this population can benefit significantly from the accessibility and convenience of online health platforms and health information. Nevertheless, empirical findings regarding the acceptance, potentials, and barriers of OHIS among older adults are limited. This mini-review aims to explore the level of acceptance of OHIS, including passive reading of information and active interactions with peers, among the older population. Furthermore, it examines the potentials and barriers associated with such practices. The findings ultimately emphasize the evolving landscape of internet health information exploration among older adults and the potential advantages and challenges that may arise, especially in the context of active interactions with peers.
A triple-masked, two-center, randomized parallel clinical trial to assess the superiority of eight weeks of grape seed flour supplementation against placebo for weight loss attenuation during perioperative period in patients with cachexia associated with colorectal cancer: a study protocol
Authors: Malta Felipe Aguiar Pupo Seabra , Gonçalves Daniela Caetano
Published: January 2024

Background

Progressive, involuntary weight and lean mass loss in cancer are linked to cachexia, a prevalent syndrome in gastrointestinal malignancies that impacts quality of life, survival and postoperative complications. Its pathophysiology is complex and believed to involve proinflammatory cytokine-mediated systemic inflammation resulting from tumor-host interaction, oxidative stress, abnormal metabolism and neuroendocrine changes. Therapeutic options for cachexia remain extremely limited, highlighting the need for clinical research targeting new interventions. Thus, this study primarily assesses the effects of grape-seed flour (GSF), rich in polyphenols and fibers, for attenuating perioperative weight loss in colorectal cancer.

Methods

This is a dual-center, triple-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase II, randomized clinical trial designed to investigate GSF supplementation in subjects with pre- or cachexia associated with colorectal cancer during the perioperative period. Eighty-two participants will receive 8g of GSF or cornstarch (control) for 8 weeks. Assessments are scheduled around surgery: pre-intervention (4 weeks prior), day before, first week after, and post-intervention (4 weeks later). The primary endpoint is the difference in body weight mean change from baseline to week 8. The secondary endpoints describe the harms from 8-week supplementation and assess its superiority to improve body composition, post-surgical complications, quality of life, anorexia, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, and handgrip strength. The study will also explore its effects on gut bacteria activity and composition, systemic inflammation, and muscle metabolism.

Discussion

The current trial addresses a gap within the field of cancer cachexia, specifically focusing on the potential role of a nutritional intervention during the acute treatment phase. GSF is expected to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress, both involved in muscle and intestinal dysfunction. The research findings hold substantial implications for enhancing the understanding about cachexia pathophysiology and may offer a new clinical approach to managing cachexia at a critical point in treatment, directly impacting clinical outcomes.

Trial registration

The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), RBR-5p6nv8b; UTN: U1111-1285-9594. Prospectively registered on February 07, 2023.
TIMP3 overexpression in myeloid lineage alleviates pancreatic damage and confers resistance to the development of type 1 diabetes in the MLDS -induced model
Authors: Casagrande Viviana , Menini Stefano , Internò Chiara , Pugliese Giuseppe , Federici Massimo , Menghini Rossella
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) development involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. By modulating the activity of proteases and receptors, the protein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) plays a role in limiting the expression and function of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have been implicated in the advancement of T1DM. This study was aimed at examining the effect of TIMP3 overexpression in myeloid cells on the development of T1DM.

Methods and results

Twelve weeks after multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLDS) treatment, diabetic mice overexpressing TIMP3 specifically in myeloid cells under the CD68 promoter (MacT3 mice) showed improved insulin secretion, islet morphology and vascularization, antioxidant defense system, and regulatory factors of mitochondrial biosynthesis and function. To get mechanistic insights into the origin of this protection, the severity of insulitis and inflammatory parameters were evaluated in pancreatic tissues 11 days after MLSD treatment, showing significantly reduced insulitis and levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin -1β, and interferon -γ in MacT3 mice.

Discussion

The results indicate that TIMP3 is involved in maintaining islet architecture and functions, at least in part, through modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production associated with insulitis and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for T1DM.
Development and validation of a clinical prediction model of fertilization failure during routine IVF cycles
Authors: Xingnan Liu , Na Zhang
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to create and validate a clinical model that predict the probability of fertilization failure in routine in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles.

Methods

This study employed a retrospective methodology, gathering data from 1770 couples that used reproductive center’s of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University standard IVF fertilization between June 2015 and June 2023. 1062 were in the training set and 708 were in the validation set when it was randomly split into the training set and validation set in a 6:4 ratio. The study employed both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors those influence the failure of traditional in vitro fertilization. Based on the multiple regression model, a predictive model of traditional IVF fertilization failure was created. The calibration and decision curves were used to assess the effectiveness and therapeutic usefulness of this model.

Results

The following factors independently predicted the probability of an unsuccessful fertilization: infertility years, basal oestrogen, the rate of mature oocytes, oligoasthenozoospermia, sperm concentration, sperm vitality, percentage of abnormal morphological sperm, and percentage of progressive motility (PR%).The receiver operating characteristic curve’s area under the curve (AUC) in the training set is 0.776 (95% CI: 0.740,0.812), while the validation set’s AUC is 0.756 (95% CI: 0.708,0.805), indicating a rather high clinical prediction capacity.

Conclusion

Our generated nomogram has the ability to forecast the probability of fertilization failure in couples undergoing IVF, hence can assist clinical staff in making informed decisions.
Research on detection of transmission line corridor external force object containing random feature targets
Authors: Zou Hongbo , Ye Ziyong , Sun Jialun , Chen Junting , Yang Qinhe , Chai Yanhui
Published: January 2024

With the objective of achieving “double carbon,” the power grid is placing greater importance on the security of transmission lines. The transmission line corridor has complex situations with external force targets and irregularly featured objects including smoke. For this reason, in this paper, the high-performance YOLOX-S model is selected for transmission line corridor external force object detection and improved to enhance model multi-object detection capability and irregular feature extraction capability. Firstly, to enhance the perception capability of external force objects in complex environment, we improve the feature output capability by adding the global context block after the output of the backbone. Then, we integrate convolutional block attention module into the feature fusion operation to enhance the recognition of objects with random features, among the external force targets by incorporating attention mechanism. Finally, we utilize EIoU to enhance the accuracy of object detection boxes, enabling the successful detection of external force targets in transmission line corridors. Through training and validating the model with the established external force dataset, the improved model demonstrates the capability to successfully detect external force objects and achieves favorable results in multi-class target detection. While there is improvement in the detection capability of external force objects with random features, the results indicate the need to enhance smoke recognition, particularly in further distinguishing targets between smoke and fog.
Flood vulnerability assessment in the flood prone area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Huo Aidi , Ullah Waheed , Ullah Safi , Ahmad Adnan , Zhong Fangqian
Published: January 2024

Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, causing extensive damage to human lives, property, and the environment. Pakistan is susceptible to natural calamities, such as floods, resulting in millions of people being impacted yearly. It has been demonstrated that flood severity is rising and may continue to escalate in the coming years because of climate change-induced changes in monsoon precipitation in the country. Given the country’s exposure to flooding, it is essential to assess the vulnerability to floods to prepare for and mitigate their impact in Pakistan. This study provides a new conceptual framework for assessing flood risk and vulnerability in Charsadda, a flood-prone district in Pakistan. It evaluates the vulnerability of settlements to floods based on four indicators: population density, the average gross domestic product (GDP) of land, the distance between settlements and rivers, and land use and cover (LULC). The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique was integrated with the geographical information system (GIS) to assess the level of vulnerability to floods in the study area. The results reveal a higher degree of vulnerability to floods in the region. The spatial pattern of vulnerable areas reveals a significant connection between high-risk flood areas and densely populated areas during different flood seasons. The results further reveal that more than 60% of the area is arable land and is highly susceptible to flood. The population and their land-use setup show high and extremely high values of vulnerability in the normalized threshold of 0.3–0.4, respectively. The study provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the chosen indicators, evaluation methods, and results, making this a valuable contribution to the field of flood vulnerability assessment. The findings of this study also include thematic maps and related information to the stakeholders for effective vulnerability management in the study area.
Predicting rapid intensification of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific: a machine learning and net energy gain rate approach
Authors: Kim Sung-Hun , Lee Woojeong , Kang Hyoun-Woo , Kang Sok Kuh
Published: January 2024

In this study, a machine learning (ML)-based Tropical Cyclones (TCs) Rapid Intensification (RI) prediction model has been developed by using the Net Energy Gain Rate Index (NGR). This index realistically captures the energy exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere during the intensification of TCs. It does so by incorporating the thermal conditions of the upper ocean and using an accurate parameterization for sea surface roughness. To evaluate the effectiveness of NGR in enhancing prediction accuracy, five distinct ML algorithms were utilized: Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Feed-forward Neural Network. Two sets of experiments were performed for each algorithm. The first set used only traditional predictors, while the second set incorporated NGR. The outcomes revealed that models trained with the inclusion of NGR exhibited superior performance compared to those that only used traditional predictors. Additionally, an ensemble model was developed by utilizing a hard-voting method, combining the predictions of all five individual algorithms. This ensemble approach showed a noteworthy improvement of approximately 10% in the skill score of RI prediction when NGR was included. The findings of this study emphasize the potential of NGR in refining TC intensity prediction and underline the effectiveness of ensemble ML models in RI event detection.
A review of the preparation, properties and applications of VO2 thin films with the reversible phase transition
Authors: Wen Chong , Feng Liquan , Li Zhaohui , Bai Jinglian , Wang Shaoyan , Gao Xingxing , Wang Jian , Yao Wenqing
Published: January 2024

The reversible phase transition of vanadium dioxide under thermal, electrical, and optical stimuli is the enabling concept for the functioning of smart materials and is the basis for the development of various device materials such as optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical devices based on VO2 on rigid and flexible platforms. The phase transition temperature of VO2 near room temperature is considered an excellent choice and a potential candidate to replace traditional materials in a variety of applications. There is a growing interest in VO2 applications for a wide range of devices, and the use of VO2’s structure to manipulate and explore the functions of various application devices, as well as the modification of VO2 structures to improve performance in a variety of materials, can lead to extremely exciting innovations. A lot of effort has been put into the challenges of practical production and practical application, and it is necessary to find an industrially feasible manufacturing method for the preparation of VO2 films, which is the basis for the practical application of VO2-based equipment. Based on this background, we first briefly describe the structure of VO2, the phase transition mechanisms involved, and the factors and other properties induced by the phase transition of VO2. Then, the current status and advantages and disadvantages of VO2 thin film preparation technologies are introduced in detail, including pulsed laser deposition (PLD), magnetron sputtering, the sol-gel method, and chemical vapour deposition (CVD). In addition, we propose three strategies to improve the performance of VO2 thin films, including element doping, multi-layer composites, and surface structure. We also discussed the different applications of VO2 under thermal, electrical, and light stimulation, as well as the development trends and future challenges of VO2 thin films.
Evaluation of etanercept (a tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor) as an effective treatment for joint disease in mucopolysaccharidosis type I. A case report with whole-body magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Buchinskaya Natalia V. , Isupova Eugenia A. , Vechkasova Anastasia O. , Malekov Damir A. , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Kostik Mikhail M.
Published: January 2024

A 12-year-old girl with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I (Gurler-Scheie syndrome, Q70X/del C683 of the IDUA gene in the compound heterozygous state) regularly received enzyme replacement therapy (laronidase) since the preclinical stage (6 months old) due to positive family history, and started etanercept treatment due to progression of joint pain and decreasing capability to walk. The patient had a significant reduction of pain in the joints and an expansion of daily physical activity without adverse events. A decrease in bone marrow edema without foci progression compared to baseline assessment was observed in the whole-body MRI.

During the treatment (baseline/6 months/12 months) the following was observed: childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) index of 1.88/2.13/1.63 points; patient’s pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) of 37/30/31 points; parental PedsQL of 26/27/34 points; and patient’s pain visual-analog scale (VAS) of 75/45/40, with no VAS recorded for the mother. Juvenile arthritis functional assessment report (JAFAR) scores of 35/34/8 points were observed. A significant reduction in the taking of NSAIDs was observed. In the second half of the year, the nasal breathing became normal, and remission in chronic rhinitis and adenoiditis was achieved (no infection episodes) without otitis episodes.

Conclusion

Etanercept in mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 is safe and well tolerated. The reduction of joint pain and increased walking capacity were observed. A decreased number of respiratory infection episodes and nasal breathing improvement were noted during the treatment. The observation shows the role of inflammation in the different aspects of MPS. Further investigations on immune system dysregulation in patients with MPS I are needed. Additional studies on the efficacy and safety of anti-rheumatic biological drugs in patients with MPSI are required.
Genomic characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium clonal complex 17 isolated from urine in tertiary hospitals in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Chopjitt Peechanika , Boueroy Parichart , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Hatrongjit Rujirat , Kerdsin Anusak , Sunthamala Nuchsupha
Published: January 2024

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VREs) have increasingly become a major nosocomial pathogen worldwide, earning high-priority category from the World Health Organization (WHO) due to their antibiotic resistance. Among VREs, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is particularly concerning, frequently isolated and resistant to many antibiotics used in hospital-acquired infections. This study investigated VREfm isolates from rural tertiary hospitals in Northeastern Thailand based both antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. All isolates showed resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and rifampin. Nitrofurantoin and tigecycline resistance were also observed in nearly all isolates. Conversely, all isolates remained susceptible to chloramphenicol, daptomycin, and linezolid. Genomic characterization revealed that all VREfm isolates belonged to clonal complex 17 (CC17), primarily consisting of sequence type (ST) 80, followed by ST17, ST761, and ST117. Additionally, all isolates harbored numerous antimicrobial-resistant genes, including vanA, tet(L), tet(M), aac(6′)-li, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, aac(6′)-aph(2″), aph(2″)-la, ant(9)-la, erm(B), msr(C), erm(T), erm(A), fosB, dfrG, and cfr(B). Notably, all isolates contained virulence genes, for collagen adhesin (acm) and cell wall adhesin (efafm), while hylEfm (glycosyl hydrolase) was detected in VREfm ST80. This study provided important information for understanding the genomic features of VREfm isolated from urine.
The aging trajectories of brain functional hierarchy and its impact on cognition across the adult lifespan
Authors: Wang Xiao , Huang Chu-Chung , Tsai Shih-Jen , Lin Ching-Po , Cai Qing
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The hierarchical network architecture of the human brain, pivotal to cognition and behavior, can be explored via gradient analysis using restingstate functional MRI data. Although it has been employed to understand brain development and disorders, the impact of aging on this hierarchical architecture and its link to cognitive decline remains elusive.

Methods

This study utilized resting-state functional MRI data from 350 healthy adults (aged 20–85) to investigate the functional hierarchical network using connectome gradient analysis with a cross-age sliding window approach. Gradient-related metrics were estimated and correlated with age to evaluate trajectory of gradient changes across lifespan.

Results

The principal gradient (unimodal-to-transmodal) demonstrated a significant non-linear relationship with age, whereas the secondary gradient (visual-to-somatomotor) showed a simple linear decreasing pattern. Among the principal gradient, significant age-related changes were observed in the somatomotor, dorsal attention, limbic and default mode networks. The changes in the gradient scores of both the somatomotor and frontal–parietal networks were associated with greater working memory and visuospatial ability. Gender differences were found in global gradient metrics and gradient scores of somatomotor and default mode networks in the principal gradient, with no interaction with age effect.

Discussion

Our study delves into the aging trajectories of functional connectome gradient and its cognitive impact across the adult lifespan, providing insights for future research into the biological underpinnings of brain function and pathological models of atypical aging processes.
Fatigue may improve equally after balance and endurance training in multiple sclerosis: a randomised, crossover clinical trial
Authors: Perucca Laura , Scarano Stefano , Russo Giovanna , Robecchi Majnardi Antonio , Caronni Antonio
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Fatigue and poor balance are frequent and severe problems in multiple sclerosis (MS) that may interact. Endurance training is known to be effective on fatigue. This study aims to test if balance training is more effective against MS fatigue.

Methods

A randomised crossover trial was run, recruiting 31 MS people (21 women; median age: 46 years, range: 30–64; median EDSS: 4, range: 2.5–5). Participants received balance and endurance training alternately (15 one-to-one sessions, 5 days/week) and were assessed before (T0), after (T1), and 30 days after treatment ended (T2). The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) with scores linearised through Rasch analysis was the primary outcome (the lower the measure, the better the condition, i.e., the lower the fatigue symptoms). The Equiscale balance scale and posturography (EquiTest) were used to assess balance. Linear mixed-effects models with ANOVA were used for significance testing.

Results

Thirteen participants had no carryover effect and were included in the primary analysis. Fatigue significantly changed across the three time points (F2,58 = 16.0; p < 0.001), but no difference across treatments was found. Altogether, both treatments significantly improved the MFIS measure at T1 (95%CI: −1.24 logits; mean: −1.67 to −0.81 logits) and T2 (95%CI: −1.04; mean: −1.49 to −0.60) compared to T0 (95%CI: −0.51; mean: −0.95 to −0.08; p ≤ 0.001). Equiscale and posturography highlighted balance improvement after balance training but not after endurance training.

Conclusion

Balance and endurance training could similarly reduce fatigue in MS patients in the short term. However, only balance training also improved balance in MS.
The efficacy of upfront craniocerebral radiotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases
Authors: Zhou Jianxi , Zhou Yingnan , Sun Yunchuan , Xiao Li , Lu Hongling , Yin Xiaoming , Fan Kui
Published: January 2024

The present study aims to investigate the therapeutic value of third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with cranial radiotherapy (RT) in patients with EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BMs).

Methodology

This is a retrospective study that involved 213 patients with EGFR-NSCLC and BMs, with the patients divided into two groups: the upfront cranial RT (ucRT) group (n = 96) and the non-ucRT group (n = 117). All patients were administered with osimertinib, and those in the ucRT group also underwent RT. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and intracranial PFS (IPFS) of the two groups were compared.

Results

The ucRT group manifested a markedly higher IPFS than the non-ucRT group (29.65 months vs 21.8 months; P < 0.0001). The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with oligometastases (OLOGO-BMs; 1–3 BMs) demonstrated a notably longer OS (44.5 months vs 37.3 months; P < 0.0001), PFS (32.3 months vs 20.8 months; P = 0.6884) and IPFS (37.8 months vs 22.1 months; P < 0.0001) in the ucRT group than in the non-ucRT group. However, for patients with multiple BMs, there was no significant difference in OS (27.3 months vs 34.4 months; P = 0.0710) and PFS (13.7 months vs 13.2 months; P = 0.0516) between the ucRT group and the non-ucRT group; the ucRT group exhibited a higher IPFS (26.4 months vs 21.35 months; P = 0.0028). Cox’s multivariate analysis of patients with OLOGO-BM indicated that the use of ucRT was linked to a better OS (heart rate [HR] = 0.392; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.178–0.863; P = 0.020) and PFS (HR = 0.558; 95% CI: 0.316–0.986; P = 0.044).

Conclusion

Upfront cerebral cranial stereotactic radiosurgery can improve outcomes in EGFR-positive patients with NSCLC and OLOGO-BM. However, for patients with multiple BMs, the preferable strategy may be pre-treatment with EGFR-TKIs.
Development, refinement, and validation of an equine musculoskeletal pain scale
Authors: Auer Ulrike , Kelemen Zsofia , Vogl Claus , von Ritgen Stephanie , Haddad Rabea , Torres Borda Laura , Gabmaier Christopher , Breteler John , Jenner Florien
Published: January 2024

Musculoskeletal disease is a common cause of chronic pain that is often overlooked and inadequately treated, impacting the quality of life of humans and horses alike. Lameness due to musculoskeletal pain is prevalent in horses, but the perception of pain by owners is low compared with veterinary diagnosis. Therefore, this study aims to establish and validate a pain scale for chronic equine orthopaedic pain that is user-friendly for horse owners and veterinarians to facilitate the identification and monitoring of pain in horses. The newly developed musculoskeletal pain scale (MPS) was applied to 154 horses (mean age 20 ± 6.4 years SD) housed at an equine sanctuary, of which 128 (83%) suffered from chronic orthopaedic disease. To complete the MPS, the horses were observed and videotaped from a distance while at rest in their box or enclosure. In addition, they received a complete clinical and orthopaedic exam. The need for veterinary intervention to address pain (assessed and executed by the sanctuary independent from this study) was used as a longitudinal health outcome to determine the MPS’s predictive validity. To determine the interrater agreement, the MPS was scored for a randomly selected subset of 30 horses by six additional blinded raters, three equine veterinary practitioners, and three experienced equestrians. An iterative process was used to refine the tool based on improvements in the MPS’s correlation with lameness evaluated at the walk and trot, predictive validity for longitudinal health outcomes, and interrater agreement. The intraclass correlation improved from 0.77 of the original MPS to 0.88 of the refined version (95% confidence interval: 0.8–0.94). The refined MPS correlated significantly with lameness at the walk (r = 0.44, p = 0.001) and trot (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001). The refined MPS significantly differed between horses that needed veterinary intervention (mean MPS = 8.6) and those that did not (mean MPS = 5.0, p = 0.0007). In summary, the MPS showed good interrater repeatability between expert and lay scorers, significant correlation with lameness at the walk and trot, and good predictive validity for longitudinal health outcomes, confirming its ability to identify horses with orthopaedic health problems.
Evaluation of renal near-infrared spectroscopy for predicting extubation outcomes in the pediatric intensive care setting
Authors: Colak Mustafa , Ceylan Gokhan , Topal Sevgi , Sarac Sandal Ozlem , Atakul Gulhan , Soydan Ekin , Sarı Ferhat , Hepduman Pinar , Karaarslan Utku , Ağın Hasan
Published: January 2024

Background

In pediatric intensive care units, extubation failure following invasive mechanical ventilation poses significant health risks. Determining readiness for extubation in children can minimize associated morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the potential role of renal near-infrared spectroscopy (RrSO2) in predicting extubation failure in pediatric patients.

Methods

A total of 84 patients aged between 1 month and 18 years, mechanically ventilated for at least 24 h, were included in this prospective study. RrSO2 levels were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy before and during an extubation readiness test (ERT). The primary outcome measure was extubation failure, defined as a need for reintubation within 48 h.

Results

Of the 84 patients, 71 (84.6%) were successfully extubated, while 13 (15.4%) failed extubation. RrSO2 was found to be lower in the failed extubation group, also decrease in RrSO2 values during ERT was significantly greater in patients with extubation failure. ROC analysis indicated a decrease in ΔRrSO2 of more than 6.15% from baseline as a significant predictor of extubation failure, with a sensitivity of 0.984 and a specificity of 0.889.

Conclusion

Monitoring changes in RrSO2 values may serve as a helpful tool to predict extubation failure in pediatric patients. Further multi-center research is warranted to improve the generalizability and reliability of these findings.
Impairment of adenosine signaling disrupts early embryo development: unveiling the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Glaser Talita , Martins Patrícia , Beco Renata , Bento Carolina Adriane , Cappellari Angelica R. , La Banca Oliveira Sophia , Merkel Christian Albert , Arnaud-Sampaio Vanessa Fernandes , Lameu Claudiana , Battastini Ana Maria , Ulrich Henning
Published: January 2024

Purinergic signaling has been implicated in many biological functions, including development. In this study, we investigate the functions of extracellular adenosine and adenosine receptors using a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line and morula stages isolated from mouse embryos. Feeder-free mouse ESC was investigated in the absence and presence of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), configuring undifferentiated cells and cells undergoing spontaneous differentiation. High alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and low CD73 levels resulting in low adenosine (eADO) levels were characteristic for pluripotent cells in the presence of the LIF, while LIF deprivation resulted in augmented adenosine levels and reduced pluripotency marker expression, which indicated differentiation. Tracing ESC proliferation by BrdU labeling revealed that the inhibition of ALPL by levamisole resulted in a decrease in proliferation due to less eADO accumulation. Furthermore, caffeine and levamisole treatment, inhibiting adenosine receptor and eADO accumulation, respectively, reduced ESC migration, similar to that observed in the absence of the LIF. Pharmacological approaches of selective adenosine receptor subtype inhibition triggered specific adenosine receptor activities, thus triggering calcium or MAP kinase pathways leading to differentiation. In line with the in vitro data, mouse embryos at the morula stage were sensitive to treatments with A1 and A3 receptor antagonists, leading to the conclusion that A1 receptor and A3 receptor inhibition impairs proliferation and self-renewal and triggers inappropriate differentiation, respectively. The findings herein define the functions of eADO signaling in early development with implications for developmental disorders, in which adenosine receptors or ectonucleotidase dysfunctions are involved, and which could lead to malformations and miscarriages, due to exposure to caffeine.
Non-coding RNA regulation of Magang geese skeletal muscle maturation via the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Hong Longsheng , Xu Danning , Li Wanyan , Wang Yifeng , Cao Nan , Fu Xinliang , Tian Yunbo , Li Yugu , Li Bingxin
Published: January 2024

Skeletal muscle is a critical component of goose meat and a significant economic trait of geese. The regulatory roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the maturation stage of goose skeletal muscle are still unclear. Therefore, this study conducted experiments on the leg muscles of Magang geese at two stages: 3-day post-hatch (P3) and 3 months (M3). Morphological observations revealed that from P3 to M3, muscle fibers mainly underwent hypertrophy and maturation. The muscle fibers became thicker, nuclear density decreased, and nuclei moved towards the fiber edges. Additionally, this study analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs during the skeletal muscle fiber maturation stage, identifying 1,949 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs), 21 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs), and 172 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Furthermore, we performed enrichment analyses on DEMs, cis-regulatory genes of DELs, and target DEMs of DEMIs, revealing significant enrichment of signaling pathways including MAPK, PPAR, and mTOR signaling pathways. Among these, the MAPK signaling pathway was the only pathway enriched across all three types of differentially expressed RNAs, indicating its potentially more significant role in skeletal muscle maturation. Finally, this study integrated the targeting relationships between DELs, DEMs, and DEMIs from these two stages to construct a ceRNA regulatory network. These findings unveil the potential functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs and miRNAs in the growth and development of goose skeletal muscle and provide valuable references for further exploration of the mechanism underlying the maturation of Magang geese leg muscle.
Reactive oxygen species may be involved in the distinctive biological effects of different doses of 12C6+ ion beams on Arabidopsis
Authors: Yin Yue , Cui Dongjie , Chi Qing , Xu Hangbo , Guan Panfeng , Zhang Hanfeng , Jiao Tao , Wang Xiaojie , Wang Lin , Sun Hao
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Heavy ion beam is a novel approach for crop mutagenesis with the advantage of high energy transfer line density and low repair effect after injury, however, little investigation on the biological effect on plant was performed. 50 Gy irradiation significantly stimulated the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings, as indicated by an increase in root and biomass, while 200 Gy irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of seedlings, causing a visible decrease in plant growth.

Methods

The Arabidopsis seeds were irradiated by 12C6+. Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the damage to seeds and particle trajectories by ion implantation. The seed epidermis received SEM detection and changes in its organic composition were detected using FTIR. Evidence of ROS and antioxidant systems were analyzed. RNA-seq and qPCR were used to detect changes in seedling transcript levels.

Results and discussion

Monte Carlo simulations revealed that high-dose irradiation causes various damage. Evidence of ROS and antioxidant systems implies that the emergence of phenotypes in plant cells may be associated with oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis of the seedlings demonstrated that 170 DEGs were present in the 50 Gy and 200 Gy groups and GO enrichment indicated that they were mainly associated with stress resistance and cell wall homeostasis. Further GO enrichment of DEGs unique to 50 Gy and 200 Gy revealed 58 50Gy-exclusive DEGs were enriched in response to oxidative stress and jasmonic acid entries, while 435 200 Gy-exclusive DEGs were enriched in relation to oxidative stress, organic cyclic compounds, and salicylic acid. This investigation advances our insight into the biological effects of heavy ion irradiation and the underlying mechanisms.