bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photogrammetric processing of hexagon stereo data for change detection studies
Authors: Anantha Padmanabha E. , Shashivardhan Reddy P. , Narender B. , Muralikrishnan S. , Dadhwal V. K.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Hexagon satellite data acquired as a part of USA Corona program has been declassified and is accessible to general public. This image data was acquired in high resolution much before the launch of civilian satellites. However the non availability of interior and exterior orientation parameters is the main bottle neck in photogrammetric processing of this data. In the present study, an attempt was made to orient and adjust Hexagon stereo pair through Rigorous Sensor Model (RSM) and Rational Function Models (RFM). The study area is part of Western Ghats in India. For rigorous sensor modelling an arbitrary camera file is generated based on the information available in the literature and few assumptions. A terrain dependent RFM was generated for the stereo data using Cartosat-1 reference data. The model accuracy achieved for both RSM and RFM was better than one pixel. DEM and orthoimage were generated with a spacing of 50 m and Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) of 6 m to carry out the change detection with a special emphasis on water bodies with reference to recent Cartosat-1 data. About 72 new water bodies covering an area of 2300 hectares (23 sq. km) were identified in Cartosat-1 orthoimage that were not present in Hexagon data. The image data from various Corona programs like Hexagon provide a rich source of information for temporal studies. However photogrammetric processing of the data is a bit tedious due to lack of information about internal sensor geometry.
Comparative Study of Algorithms for Automated Generalization of Linear Objects
Authors: Azimjon S. , Gupta P. K. , Sukhmani R. S. G. S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Automated generalization, rooted from conventional cartography, has become an increasing concern in both geographic information system (GIS) and mapping fields. All geographic phenomenon and the processes are bound to the scale, as it is impossible for human being to observe the Earth and the processes in it without decreasing its scale. To get optimal results, cartographers and map-making agencies develop set of rules and constraints, however these rules are under consideration and topic for many researches up until recent days. Reducing map generating time and giving objectivity is possible by developing automated map generalization algorithms (McMaster and Shea, 1988). Modification of the scale traditionally is a manual process, which requires knowledge of the expert cartographer, and it depends on the experience of the user, which makes the process very subjective as every user may generate different map with same requirements. However, automating generalization based on the cartographic rules and constrains can give consistent result. Also, developing automated system for map generation is the demand of this rapid changing world. The research that we have conveyed considers only generalization of the roads, as it is one of the indispensable parts of a map. Dehradun city, Uttarakhand state of India was selected as a study area. The study carried out comparative study of the generalization software sets, operations and algorithms available currently, also considers advantages and drawbacks of the existing software used worldwide. Research concludes with the development of road network generalization tool and with the final generalized road map of the study area, which explores the use of open source python programming language and attempts to compare different road network generalization algorithms. Thus, the paper discusses the alternative solutions for automated generalization of linear objects using GIS-technologies. Research made on automated of road network generalization, which is summarized in this paper, was conducted in IIRS, Dehradun, India.
Spatio-Temporal Trends of Fire in Slash and Burn Agriculture Landscape: A Case Study from Nagaland, India
Authors: Padalia H. , Mondal P.  P.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Increasing incidences of fire from land conversion and residue burning in tropics is the major concern in global warming. Spatial and temporal monitoring of trends of fire incidences is, therefore, significant in order to determine contribution of carbon emissions from slash and burn agriculture. In this study, we analyzed time-series Terra / Aqua MODIS satellite hotspot products from 2001 to 2013 to derive intra- and inter-annual trends in fire incidences in Nagaland state, located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Time-series regression was applied to MODIS fire products at variable spatial scales in GIS. Significance of change in fire frequency at each grid level was tested using t statistic. Spatial clustering of higher or lower fire incidences across study area was determined using Getis-OrdGi statistic. Maximum fire incidences were encountered in moist mixed deciduous forests (46%) followed by secondary moist bamboo brakes (30%). In most parts of the study area fire incidences peaked during March while in warmer parts (e.g. Mon district dominated by indigenous people) fire activity starts as early as during November and peaks in January. Regression trend analysis captured noticeable areas with statistically significant positive (e.g. Mokokchung, Wokha, Mon, Tuensang and Kiphire districts) and negative (e.g. Kohima and north-western part of Mokokchung district) inter-annual fire frequency trends based on area-based aggregation of fire occurrences at different grid sizes. Localization of spatial clusters of high fire incidences was observed in Mokokchung, Wokha, Mon,Tuensang and Kiphire districts.
Soil Moisture estimation by ANN using Bistatic Scatterometer data
Authors: Gupta D. K. , Kumar P. , Mishra V. N. , Prasad R.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The microwave response of bare soil surfaces is influenced by a variety of parameters such as surface roughness, vegetation density, soil texture and soil moisture. It makes the soil moisture estimation process more complex. In such condition, the estimation of the soil moisture using microwave data with fast and less complex computing technique is a significant area of research today. The artificial neural network (ANN) approach has been found more potential in retrieving soil moisture from microwave sensors as compared to traditional techniques. For this purpose, a back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) based on Levenberg Marquardt (TRAINLM) algorithm was developed. The measurement of scattering coefficient was carried out over a range of incidence angle from 20° to 70° at 5° steps for both the HH- and VV- polarizations. The BPANN was trained and tested with the experimentally obtained data by using bistatic X-band scatterometer for different values of soil moistures (12%, 16%, 21% and 25%) at 30° incidence angle. The scattering coefficient and soil moisture data were interpolated into 20 data sets and these data sets were divided into training data sets (70%) and testing data sets (30%). The performance of the trained BPANN was evaluated by comparing the observed soil moisture and estimated soil moisture by developed BPANN using a linear regression analysis (least square fitting) and performance factor Adj_R2. The values of Adj_R2 were found 0.93 and 0.94 for HH- and VV- polarization at 30° incidence angle respectively. The estimation of soil moisture by BPANN with Levenberg Marquardt training algorithm was found better at both HH- and VV- polarizations.
Epic landslide erosion from mountain roads in Yunnan, China – challenges for sustainable development
Authors: Sidle R. C. , Ghestem M. , Stokes A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Expanding systems of mountain roads in developing countries have significantly increased the risk of landslides and sedimentation, and have created vulnerabilities for residents and aquatic resources. We measured landslide erosion along seven road segments in steep terrain in the upper Salween River basin, Yunnan, China and estimated sediment delivery to channels. Landslide erosion rates along the roads ranged from 2780 to 48 235 Mg ha−1 yr−1, the upper end of this range being the highest rate ever reported along mountain roads. The two roads with the highest landslide erosion (FG1 = 12 966 Mg ha−1 yr−1; DXD = 48 235 Mg ha−1 yr−1) had some of the highest sediment delivery rates to channels (about 80 and 86%, respectively). Overall, 3 times more landslides occurred along cut slopes compared to fill slopes, but fill slope failures had a combined mass > 1.3 times that of cut slope failures. Many small landslides occurred along road cuts, but these were often trapped on the road surface. Given the magnitude of the landslide problem and the lack of attention to this issue, a more sustainable approach for mountain road development is outlined based on an analysis of landslide susceptibility and how thresholds for landslide trigger mechanisms would be modified by road location and different construction techniques.
Modelling flood damages under climate change conditions – a case study for Germany
Authors: Hattermann F. F. , Huang S. , Burghoff O. , Willems W. , Österle H. , Büchner M. , Kundzewicz Z.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The aim of the study is to analyze and discuss possible climate change impacts on flood damages in Germany. The study was initiated and supported by the German insurance sector whereby the main goal was to identify general climate-related trends in flood hazard and damages and to explore sensitivity of results to climate scenario uncertainty. The study makes use of climate scenarios regionalized for the main river basins in Germany. A hydrological model (SWIM) that had been calibrated and validated for the main river gauges, was applied to transform these scenarios into discharge for more than 5000 river reaches. Extreme value distribution has been fitted to the time series of river discharge to derive the flood frequency statistics. The hydrological results for each river reach have been linked using the flood statistics to related damage functions provided by the German Insurance Association, considering damages on buildings and small enterprises. The result is that, under the specific scenario conditions, a considerable increase in flood related losses can be expected in Germany in future, warmer, climate.
Macular Edema after Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery: A Role for Phacoemulsification Energy and Vitreoretinal Interface Status?
Authors: Anastasilakis Konstantinos , Mourgela Anna , Symeonidis Chrysanthos , Dimitrakos Stavros A. , Ekonomidis Panayiotis , Tsinopoulos Ioannis
Published: December 2014

Purpose

To study postoperative macular thickness fluctuations measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate a potential correlation among macular edema (ME) incidence, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) released during phacoemulsification, and vitreoretinal interface status.

Methods

This is a prospective, cross-sectional study of 106 cataract patients with no macular disorder who underwent phacoemulsification. Best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination, OCT scans were performed preoperatively and 30 and 90 days postoperatively. The intraoperative parameters measured were CDE and total phacoemulsification time. The SD-OCT parameters assessed were central subfield thickness (CST), cube average thickness (CAT), cube macular volume, vitreoretinal interface status, and presence of cystoid or diffuse ME.

Results

Four patients (3.8%) developed subclinical ME. Regarding ME, there was no significant difference between patients with presence or absence of posterior vitreous detachment (chi-square, p = 0.57), although 75% of ME cases were observed in patients with attached posterior vitreous. With regard to comparison between eyes with and without subclinical CME incidence, CDE (p = 0.05), phacoemulsification time (p = 0.001), CST at month 1 (p = 0.002), cube macular volume at month 1 (p = 0.039), and CAT at month 1 (p = 0.050) were significantly higher in the subclinical CME group.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that OCT macular thickness parameters increase significantly at first and third month postoperatively and that the incidence of pseudophakic ME can be affected by CDE.
Efficacy and Safety of Phenylephrine 2.5% with Cyclopentolate 0.5% for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in 1246 Eye Examinations
Authors: Neffendorf James E , Mota P. Michael , Xue Kanmin , Hildebrand G. Darius
Published: December 2014

Purpose

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of visual loss in infancy that is largely preventable with careful screening. We report the safety and efficacy of the use of phenylephrine 2.5% and cyclopentolate 0.5% eyedrops instilled 3 times 5 minutes apart in ROP screening.

Methods

A total of 1246 ROP screening eye examinations were carried out by the same pediatric ophthalmologist between February 2011 and May 2013. Outcome measures were successful mydriasis (defined as achieving a full screening examination) and any intraprocedural systemic complications (defined as any respiratory, cardiac, or other clinical deterioration severe enough to result in screening abandonment).

Results

Of 1246 eyes, 1234 (98.8%) achieved successful dilation to enable complete screening. A fourth application was successful in the remaining 1.2%. No respiratory or cardiac arrest or any other intraprocedural event requiring cessation of screening was encountered during any of the examinations. No retinal bleeding or other intraocular complication occurred.

Conclusions

This is the largest cohort studying the effectiveness and safety of a mydriatic regimen for ROP screening. We have found the combination of phenylephrine 2.5% with cyclopentolate 0.5% to be efficacious and well-tolerated. The absence of any severe intraprocedural complications may be related to reduced indentation time and stress in the infant facilitated by effective pupil dilation.
Artmaking and the Sinthome
Authors: Walker Sydney R.
Published: December 2014

The image saturation of contemporary culture has produced a problematic situation for artistic practice, immobilizing the photographic image with cliché and stereotype. The essay considers this dilemma through the practice of Chilean political activist artist Alfredo Jaar and the Lacanian concepts of the sinthome, the Real, and jouissance. Although difficult concepts, even within Jacques Lacan’s oeuvre, the sinthome, the Real, and jouissance offer powerful conceptual tools for constructing artistic practice as a challenge to the capture of the image by contemporary media.
(K)not an Impasse: Working Through Lacanian Theory as Research Methodology
Authors: Daiello Vicki
Published: December 2014

This essay illuminates key points in the development of a psychoanalytic theory–informed case study of student writing in Criticizing Television, an undergraduate, writing-intensive art education course. The discussion describes the research context, including a select group of concepts that structure the inquiry: subjectivity and desire, the Other, thick interpretation, critical consciousness, and resistance. In addition, Lacanian psychoanalytic theory and methodology are briefly explicated and problematized, providing a foundation for an exploration of Ellie-Ragland Sullivan’s Lacanian Poetics and Carol Gilligan’s Listening Guide, followed by discussion of an impasse method of reflexive data analysis. The impasse, first perceived as an obstacle in the research, is linked with the concept of critical (un)consciousness, becoming the metaphorical, methodological (k)not upon which the case study and its data pivot.

You tie yourself to what comes untied— to what unties you within your ties.

You are a knot of correspondences. — Edmond Jabès (1990)
When Do Low Status Groups Help High Status Groups? The Moderating Effects of Ingroup Identification, Audience Group Membership, and Perceived Reputational Benefit
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma Kevin , Rubin Mark
Published: November 2014

Previous research has demonstrated that, when negative metastereotypes are made salient, members of low status groups help members of high status groups in order to improve the reputation of their low status group and its associated social identity. The present research investigated three potential moderators of low status groups’ outgroup helping: ingroup identification, audience group membership, and perceived reputational benefit. In Study 1 (N = 112) we found that members of a low status group (Keele University students) were most likely to offer to help raise funds for a high status group (University of Birmingham students) when they were high identifiers who had considered a negative metastereotype and believed that their responses would be viewed by an outgroup member. In Study 2 (N = 100) we found a similar effect in an intergroup context that referred to psychology students (low status ingroup) and junior doctors (high status outgroup), showing that the effect was limited to people who perceived reputational benefit in helping the outgroup. The practical and social implications of these findings are discussed in relation to intergroup contact and international relations.
Influence of Soybean Oil or Non-Soybean Oil Based Lipid Emulsions on Parenteral Nutrition Associated Liver Disease in Late Preterm and Term Infants
Authors: Wong Rachel S.H. , Walker Karen , Halliday Robert , Trivedi Amit
Published: November 2014

Background: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving therapy given to neonates with intestinal failure. However, infants on long-term TPN may experience Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease (PNALD). New formulations for lipid emulsions are purportedly better than the traditional soy-based lipid emulsions (SLE). Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of PNALD in infants who received non-soybean-based lipid emulsions (NSLE) or SLE.
Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of all infants admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unitfrom 2004 to 2013 were reviewed. Late preterm (34 -36 weeks of gestation) and term infants who were on TPN for more than two weeks were included. Their demographic data and clinical variables were collected.
Results: 208 infants received SLE for more than two weeks. The prevalence rate of PNALD in those who received SLE was 21% while that of those who received the NSLE was 17%. No significant difference was found between the ‘Soy’ or ‘NonSoy’ subgroups (p = 0.315). Seventy infants received TPN for more than four weeks. The prevalence rate of PNALD in infants who received SLE and NSLE was 35% and 25% respectively. No significant statistical difference was found between the ‘Soy’ or ‘NonSoy’ subgroups (p = 0.132).
Conclusions: The type of lipid emulsion does not significantly influence the rate of PNALD in late preterm and term infants on long-term TPN.
Twin Likeness and imitatio in Ruggle's Ignoramus and Hausted's Senile Odium
Authors: Garofalo Sanner
Published: November 2014

Neo-Latin drama largely functioned as a supplement to university education in early modern England, proving an ideal medium to articulate humanistic principles. However, during the reign of James I, these plays began engaging with less strictly academic ideas. This article examines how George Ruggle's Ignoramus (1615) and Peter Hausted's Senile Odium (1631) promote the humanistic principle of imitatio and, so doing, comment on broader cultural issues. While in many ways typical academic dramas, these plays feature twin characters, linking them to imitatio. This article argues that in celebrating imitatio, these plays also elevate and promote the twin condition, shunning stereotypes.
The Wrathful Dragon versus the Foolish, Fond Old Man: Duality of Performance and Post-Feminist Affect in the 2013 Oregon Shakespeare Festival's King Lear
Authors: Minton Gretchen E. , Quarmby Kevin A.
Published: November 2014

The 2013 Oregon Shakespeare Festival's King Lear presented a dual problem for any reviewer. With two actors sharing the principal role, which performance represented the director's vision and which should be considered first? Bill Rauch's intention, to explore Lear's multifaceted character through two distinctive performers, seems counter to demands for consistency inherent in any repertory production. An unforeseen outcome for this forced duality was its affect on the production's powerfully envisioned Cordelia, whose character shifted subtly in response to the different Lears. To interrogate and complement this schizophrenic theatrical moment, two academics collaborate on a combined review of two separate performances.
Homeostatic reinforcement learning for integrating reward collection and physiological stability
Authors: Keramati Mehdi , Gutkin Boris
Published: December 2014

Efficient regulation of internal homeostasis and defending it against perturbations requires adaptive behavioral strategies. However, the computational principles mediating the interaction between homeostatic and associative learning processes remain undefined. Here we use a definition of primary rewards, as outcomes fulfilling physiological needs, to build a normative theory showing how learning motivated behaviors may be modulated by internal states. Within this framework, we mathematically prove that seeking rewards is equivalent to the fundamental objective of physiological stability, defining the notion of physiological rationality of behavior. We further suggest a formal basis for temporal discounting of rewards by showing that discounting motivates animals to follow the shortest path in the space of physiological variables toward the desired setpoint. We also explain how animals learn to act predictively to preclude prospective homeostatic challenges, and several other behavioral patterns. Finally, we suggest a computational role for interaction between hypothalamus and the brain reward system.
The biology behind the counts: tooth development related to age estimation in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)
Authors: Stewart Barbara E , Stewart Robert EA
Published: December 2014

The widely accepted method of determining ages of beluga is to count dentine growth layer groups (GLGs) in median, longitudinal sections of a tooth. It is essential to understand how these growth layers form and to consider developmental factors that can confound their enumeration to be able to provide meaningful age estimates. Here we provide information on, and illustrate, the developmental biology of beluga teeth as it relates to interpreting GLGs. Key factors are: evaluating the presence and occlusal wear of fetal dentine; interpreting early-formed diagnostic features such as the neonatal line; assessing the last-formed growth layer adjacent to the pulp cavity; identifying the presence of nodes at the dentine-cementum interface to assist in counting GLGs; and recognizing  pulp stones and accessory lines in the dentine which may hinder the age estimate process.
The researchers' attitudes towards Open Access Publishing
Authors: Lund Eiliv
Published: December 2014

(Abstract missing)
Gaining access to critical information - BioMed Central
Authors: Neilson Simon
Published: December 2014

BioMed Central advocates free and complete access to scientific research and publishes over 200 fully peer-reviewed open access journals across biology, medicine and chemistry. BioMed Central has decided to take this concept a step further and look into the possibility of access to scientific data and its connectivity with related content.This presentation will talk through BioMed Central's initiatives for open access, including the recent addition of the SpringerOpen journals to its Membership Program. It will also seek to demonstrate how open access can be best adopted by institutions and look at the measures taken by BioMed Central to encourage the wider dissemination of research to the scientific community. Also looking at new and exciting ways of working with scientific data, discussing the benefits enhanced publications can bring to the changing publishing environment.
Co-Action Publishing – What can smaller publishing houses bring to scholarly communications?
Authors: Sutton Caroline
Published: December 2014

In addition to Open Access, a recent trend within the publishing industry is the emergence of mega journals and large scale operations in order to take advantage of economies of scale to reduce open access charges and to reduce processing times. The current climate begs the question: Can small, independent publishers survive in the future?  Founded in 2007 as one of the first publishing houses to join the efforts of pioneers like PLoS, BioMed Central and Hindawi, Co-Action Publishing has chosen a different path and remained true to its strategy to provide tailored open access solutions. The founders have no ambitions to become one of the largest publishing houses.  In this short presentation, I will discuss the role that can be played by smaller publishing houses and the challenges they face within the current marketplace.
A golden era for Open Access or a trend towards the golden road to Open Access?
Authors: Pieper Dirk
Published: December 2014

When looking at the „Dramatic Growth of Open Access“[1] it seems that we live in a golden era for Open Access (OA). From a library point of view one could notice a trend to the golden road to OA. The German Research Foundation (DFG) started the support programme „Open Access Publishing“[2] in 2010 with the overall goal, to help universities to establish long-lasting and reliable structures for paying OA publications which demand article processing charges. The recent discussion about the Finch Report[3] shows the precariousness about the role of publishers, and libraries fear about escalating costs again, if OA moves mainly towards the golden road. This presentation explaines the DFG programme and highlights the experiences of Bielefeld University Library (UL) within and concludes, that riding on the golden road is not the only way for libraries, to support universities making their publication output as visible as possible. Bielefeld UL started the support of OA publications with paying article processing charges back in 2004 with  a BioMed Central membership and introduced a publication funds in 2008. In 2011 and 2012 the publication funds is supported by the above mentioned DFG programme. Besides the conventional questions like building a helpdesk for OA or how to organise the process from requesting money for OA publications by university members until the payment of article fees it became clear, that it is important to determine the publications of Bielefeld University as much as possible. The common publisher tools can only capture a part of the overall publication output of a university. Thus, the main focus of Bielefeld UL within the DFG programme lies on the integration of funding, detection and the enhancement of outside publicity of publications. Further on, Bielefeld University decided not to support hybrid OA publications anymore. For the next step, Bielefeld UL plans to install a clearing centre for OA at Bielefeld University. The now established system PUB (Publications at Bielefeld University) gives the UL a more valid basis than „Web of Science“ or „SCOPUS“ when trying to estimate the possible costs for golden OA. From the perspective of increasing the visibilty of Bielefeld University publications as much as possible and from the perspective of economic costs alone the OA strategy Bielefeld UL will include supporting the green road in the future as well.[1] Heather Morrison, http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.ca/[2] http://www.dfg.de/formulare/12_20/12_20.pdf[3] http://www.researchinfonet.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Finch-Group-report-executive-summary-FINAL-VERSION.pdf
Fractal Dimension and Patchiness in Hinabian-Lawigan Watershed Southern Leyte, Philippines
Authors: Ragub Jay-Ar O. , Bagarinao Ricardo T.
Published: December 2014

Landscape metrics for analyzing landscape structures is fast developing topics in landscape ecology. This study examines fractal dimension and patchiness of the Hinabian-Lawigan watershed (Southern Leyte, Philippines), which is a habitat to different critically endangered species in the province. Three indices were used (i.e. total patch number, TPN; mean patch size, MPS; and mean patch fractal dimension, MPFD). The analysis was facilitated through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and patch analyst extension of ArcGIS. Land use-land cover classification system was used to identify the different patches. Results indicate that the watershed consists of patches of annual cropland, barren land, built-up areas, closed forests, pastureland, and shrubland. Closed forest patches have the largest total area (3,727.98 has) but have the highest TPN (i.e.1,700) and MPS (2.19 has). Their computed MPFD is greater than 1, which means that they are highly fragmented, and needed to be connected. Built-up areas are not prevalent in the watershed but may become a future concern if unmanaged. Of greatest concern is the presence of agricultural production areas (TPN value of 828 and MPFD of 1.52). Encroachment of agricultural production activities to forest areas may lead to further forest fragmentation. Its regular disturbance should be managed.   Keywords - landscape ecology, patch, fractal dimension, fragmentation, landscape,landscape metrics, Geographic Information System, Hinabian-Lawigan Watershed, Southern Leyte, Philippines
Gametogenesis and Spawning Induction in Batissa violacea Lamarck, (1806) at Cagayan River, Philippines
Authors: LAYUGAN EUNICE A. , SEGAWA SUSUMU , LAURETA LIBERATO V. , RONQUILLO JESSE D.
Published: December 2014

Batissaviolacea Lamarck (l806) locally known as “cabibi” is considered endemic in Cagayan River at Lallo, Philippines and the most expensive freshwater bivalve in the region. This study described through monthly histological examination the cytological characteristics of gametogenesis and sexual dimorphism of the gonad of B. violacea collected from the wild, and determined spawning response using serotonin. Eight category sizes of the species were established, and 10 samples from each size were processed. Gonads were preserved, and subjected for histological processes to confirm gametogenesis. Using descriptive data analysis, confirmation of the identified mature stage at 31-35 mm was further tested through induction of serotonin. Results showed progressive stages of sperm formation in male follicles. Follicles could be seen in clusters and identified as to their sizes from spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Growing female follicles appeared attached to a cytoplasmic stalk in different sizes and shapes. Initially male germ cells appeared tiny and became concentrated at the lumen in radiating bands as they become mature. Likewise, mature oocytes with enlarged nucleus and tiny nucleolus fill the center of the lumen of the female gonad was observed. B. violacea successfully spawn using either 0.2 ml or 0.5 ml earlier (0.21 hour) compared to 36.70 hour when no injection was administered. This is a first time report in the country along the possibility of breeding the species in captivity.Keywords: Aquatic ecology, Batissa violacea, gametogenesis, Cagayan River, induced spawning,experimental design, Cagayan river
Nesting and Reproductive Behavior of Pycnonotus goiavier (Scopoli) near Human Habitations: A Case of Induced Domesticity
Authors: SAVILLO ISIDRO T. , VILLALUZ ELIZABETH A.
Published: December 2014

The habitat of Pycnonotus goiavier or yellow vented bulbuls spans the urban and the rural areas, including wetland areas (Rajpar and Zakaria 2011). This study was done to determine the extent of breeding of this species in residential gardens in Jaro, Iloilo City and Banate, Iloilo, monitor the factors that may be responsible for breeding in residential gardens, and formulate a Domesticity scale for wild birds based on the observations from this study. Data were gathered from observations in and around the researchers’ gardens. Results showed that a pair of P. goiavier could be domiciled in a residential garden that offers them protection during their nesting and brooding activities. The host plant could be re- nested or the old nest be re- used for the next breeding cycle. The breeding style of P. goiavier is somewhat associated with human presence. They build nests in residential gardens that offer some sort of protection. Based on these observations and experiences of other researchers a Domesticity scale is proposed. P. goiavier in our study rates 3 on the proposed domesticity scale.
Biology, Conservation and Management of Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Aramang) Fishery
Authors: RABANAL, JR. SIMEON R. , MOLINA LENIMFA P. , LAYUGAN EUNICE A. , CULASING ROMEO C. , AMOG LORYN G.
Published: December 2014

Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Aramang) forms almost 100 % of catch by drift filter nets in the Cagayan River Estuary. It is caught throughout the year. The fishery shows varied annual fluctuations for the last five years with an averageannual production of 3,314.596 metric tonnes; the resource does not appearto be under threat of over fishing at present due to increasing production ofcatch from 1996 to 2013. The maturity, fecundity and GSI of aramang weredetermined from collected samples from the gatherers during the observanceof management intervention known as Gentlemen’s Agreement (May 2012 toMarch 2013). Five maturity stages of non-berried and berried aramang occurredthroughout the observation period where nearly ripe and ripe seemed to bedominant comprising more than 70 % in occurrence. The size at maturity wasfound to be 45 mm in total length with an estimated mean fecundity of 974.92eggs. Pearson correlation showed a significant relationship between fecundityand size at (p < 0.01). However, no significant correlation (p > 0.01) was foundbetween GSI and size. The seasonal variation in the GSI showed continuousspawning of N. tenuipes throughout the year. Using mesh size 1.60 cm wasefficient to exclude small size of aramang in the catch, thereby attaining an idealcatch size resulting in better price and higher profit.Keywords: Reproductive Condition, Growth and Recruitment, Mesh selection,Nematopalaemon tenuipes, Aparri, Cagayan
Conversion Therapy Using mFOLFOX6 With Panitumumab for Unresectable Liver Metastases From Multiple Colorectal Cancers With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Toiyama Yuji , Inoue Yasuhiro , Kitajima Takahito , Okigami Masato , Kawamura Mikio , Kawamoto Aya , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Hiro Jyunichiro , Tanaka Koji , Mohri Yasuhiko , Kusunoki Masato
Published: December 2014

A 39-year-old man received a diagnosis of unresectable multiple liver metastases from multiple colorectal cancers with familial adenomatous polyposis. After construction of an ileostomy, modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) with panitumumab was administrated because rectal cancer and sigmoid colon cancer are KRAS wild type. The 13 courses of chemotherapy resulted in a marked reduction in the size of liver metastases and sigmoid colon cancer. Consequently, curative resection with total colectomy, ileal pouch anal anastomosis, and liver metastasis resection with radiofrequency ablation was performed. Progression of KRAS wild-type rectal cancer after chemotherapy suggested that each clone from rectal and sigmoid colon cancer might have a different sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor antibody. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed loss of PTEN expression in rectal cancer compared with liver metastases from sigmoid colon cancer, showing that the difference of mFOLFOX6 with panitumumab might be related to activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.
Density, temperature, and composition of the North American lithosphere—New insights from a joint analysis of seismic, gravity, and mineral physics data: 2. Thermal and compositional model of the upper mantle
Authors: Tesauro Magdala , Kaban Mikhail K. , Mooney Walter D. , Cloetingh Sierd A. P. L.
Published: November 2014

Temperature and compositional variations of the North American (NA) lithospheric mantle are estimated using a new inversion technique introduced in Part 1, which allows us to jointly interpret seismic tomography and gravity data, taking into account depletion of the lithospheric mantle beneath the cratonic regions. The technique is tested using two tomography models (NA07 and SL2013sv) and different lithospheric density models. The first density model (Model I) reproduces the typical compositionally stratified lithospheric mantle, which is consistent with xenolith samples from the central Slave craton, while the second one (Model II) is based on the direct inversion of the residual gravity and residual topography. The results obtained, both in terms of temperature and composition, are more strongly influenced by the input models derived from seismic tomography, rather than by the choice of lithospheric density Model I versus Model II. The final temperatures estimated in the Archean lithospheric root are up to 150°C higher than in the initial thermal models obtained using a laterally and vertically uniform “fertile” compositional model and are in agreement with temperatures derived from xenolith data. Therefore, the effect of the compositional variations cannot be neglected when temperatures of the cratonic lithospheric mantle are estimated. Strong negative compositional density anomalies (<−0.03 g/cm3), corresponding to Mg # (100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe)) >92, characterize the lithospheric mantle of the northwestern part of the Superior craton and the central part of the Slave and Churchill craton, according to both tomographic models. The largest discrepancies between the results based on different tomography models are observed in the Proterozoic regions, such as the Trans Hudson Orogen (THO), Rocky Mountains, and Colorado Plateau, which appear weakly depleted (>−0.025 g/cm3 corresponding to Mg # ∼91) when model NA07 is used, or locally characterized by high‐density bodies when model SL2013sv is used. The former results are in agreement with those based on the interpretation of xenolith data. The high‐density bodies might be interpreted as fragments of subducted slabs or of the advection of the lithospheric mantle induced from the eastward‐directed flat slab subduction. The selection of a seismic tomography model plays a significant role when estimating lithospheric density, temperature, and compositional heterogeneity. The consideration of the results of more than one model gives a more complete picture of the possible compositional variations within the NA lithospheric mantle.
Does sudden stratospheric warming induce meridional circulation in the mesosphere thermosphere system?
Authors: Laskar Fazlul I. , Pallamraju Duggirala
Published: November 2014

Oxygen dayglow emissions at multiple wavelengths that emanate from different heights (from around 130 km to peak altitude of the ionospheric F region) over a low‐latitude location showed systematic enhancements in intensities throughout the daytime hours during four sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events that occurred in the years 2010–2013. The lower thermospheric temperatures at 120 km obtained from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument are found to be enhanced during SSW events at arctic latitudes and show a gradient with a decrease toward low‐latitudes. During these events, the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Doppler Interferometer measurements showed equatorward winds in the mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT) altitudes over high‐latitudes. Both the high‐latitude lower thermospheric temperature enhancements and the MLT region equatorward winds occur nearly simultaneously with the observed enhancements in the atomic oxygen dayglow emission intensities at all the wavelengths over low‐latitudes. Based on these measurements and other supporting information, it is proposed that a new cell of meridional circulation in the MLT winds is set up during SSW events, which enables transport of atomic oxygen from high‐to‐low latitudes. Such an additional contribution of oxygen density over low‐latitudes interacts with lower thermospheric daytime dynamics in that region and is attributed to be the cause for the observed enhancement in the oxygen daytime optical emission intensities over low‐latitudes. The results presented here provide experimental evidence to such circulation alluded to by earlier simulation studies.
Forecast of solar proton flux profiles for well‐connected events
Authors: Ji Eun‐Young , Moon Yong‐Jae , Park Jinhye
Published: November 2014

We have developed a forecast model of solar proton flux profiles (> 10 MeV channel) for well‐connected events. Among 136 solar proton events (SPEs) from 1986 to 2006, we select 49 well‐connected ones that are all associated with single X‐ray flares stronger than M1 class and start to increase within 4 h after their X‐ray peak times. These events show rapid increments in proton flux. By comparing several empirical functions, we select a modified Weibull curve function to approximate a SPE flux profile. The parameters (peak flux, rise time, and decay time) of this function are determined by the relationship between X‐ray flare parameters (peak flux, impulsive time, and emission measure) and SPE parameters. For 49 well‐connected SPEs, the linear correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed proton peak fluxes is 0.65 with the RMS error of 0.55 log10(pfu). In addition, we determine another forecast model based on flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) parameters using 22 SPEs. The used CME parameters are linear speed and angular width. As a result, we find that the linear correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed proton peak fluxes is 0.83 with the RMS error of 0.35 log10(pfu). From the relationship between error of model and CME acceleration, we find that CME acceleration is an important factor for predicting proton flux profiles.
Formation of the equatorial thermosphere anomaly trough: Local time and solar cycle variations
Authors: Hsu Vicki W. , Thayer Jeffrey P. , Lei Jiuhou , Wang Wenbin
Published: November 2014

This paper evaluates the formation and behavior of the equatorial thermosphere anomaly (ETA) trough in neutral temperature and mass density using the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere electrodynamics general circulation model under quiet geomagnetic activity and March equinox conditions. The driving mechanism for the generation of the ETA trough in the model is field‐aligned ion drag. In our simulations, during the daytime, field‐aligned ion drag on the north‐south flanks of the magnetic equator causes a divergence in meridional winds, leading to an upward change in vertical winds, adiabatic cooling, and a reduction in neutral temperature of about 30 K over the magnetic equator near 400 km. This response closely links ETA behavior to variations in the equatorial ionosphere anomaly (EIA) associated with local time and solar cycle. As the EIA begins to disappear in the evening, the processes in the ETA mechanism recede, causing the ETA trough to subside. The ETA trough is not completely eliminated until about after 23:00 LT. In our simulations, the trough becomes more prominent as the solar cycle progresses from low (F10.7=80) to high (F10.7=180), in agreement with observations. The neutral‐ion collision frequency (proportional to variations in electron density) controls ETA day‐to‐night and solar cycle variations, while plasma scale height and gradients in electron number density and plasma temperature produce a secondary structure in ETA local time behavior that varies with solar cycle levels.
Coronal heating and solar wind acceleration for electrons, protons, and minor ions obtained from kinetic models based on kappa distributions
Authors: Pierrard V. , Pieters M.
Published: November 2014

Astrophysical and space plasmas are commonly found to be out of thermal equilibrium; i.e., the velocity distribution functions of their particles are not well described by Maxwellian distributions. They generally have more suprathermal particles in the tail of the distribution. The kappa distribution provides a generalization to successfully describe such plasmas with tails decreasing as a power law of the velocity. In the present work, we improve the solar wind model developed on the basis of such kappa distributions by incorporating azimuthally varying 1 AU boundary conditions to produce a spatially structured view of the solar wind expansion. By starting from the top of the chromosphere to the heliosphere and by applying relevant boundary conditions in the ecliptic plane, a global model of the corona and the solar wind is developed for each particle species. The model includes the natural heating of the solar corona automatically appearing when an enhanced population of suprathermal particles is present at low altitude in the solar (or stellar) atmosphere. This applies not only for electrons and protons but also for the minor ions which then have a temperature increase proportional to their mass. Moreover, the presence of suprathermal electrons contributes to the acceleration of the solar wind to high bulk velocities when Coulomb collisions are neglected. The results of the model are illustrated in the solar corona and in solar wind for the different particle species and can now be directly compared in two dimensions with spacecraft observations in the ecliptic plane.
River runoff effect on the suspended sediment property in the upper Chesapeake Bay using MODIS observations and ROMS simulations
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Wang Menghua
Published: November 2014

Ocean color data derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua from 2002 to 2012 and simulations from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) are used to study the impact of the Susquehanna River discharge on the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay. Since the water in the upper Chesapeake Bay is highly turbid, the shortwave infrared (SWIR)‐based atmospheric correction algorithm is used for deriving the normalized water‐leaving radiance nLw(λ) spectra from MODIS‐Aqua measurements. nLw(λ) spectra are further processed into the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm Kd(490) and TSS. MODIS‐Aqua‐derived monthly TSS concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay and in situ Susquehanna River discharge data show similar patterns in seasonal variations. The TSS monthly temporal variation in the upper Chesapeake Bay is also found in phase with the monthly averaged river discharge data. Since the Susquehanna River discharge is mainly dominated by a few high discharge events due to winter‐spring freshets or tropical storms in each year, the impact of these high discharge events on the upper Chesapeake Bay TSS is investigated. Both MODIS‐measured daily TSS images and sediment data derived from ROMS simulations show that the Susquehanna River discharge is the dominant factor for the variations of TSS concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay. Although the high river discharge event usually lasts for only a few days, its induced high TSS concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay can sustain for ∼10–20 days. The elongated TSS rebounding stage is attributed to horizontal advection of slowly settling fine sediment from the Susquehanna River.