bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review on Cucurbit Grafting: A Sustainable Approach to Boost Crop Performance
Authors: B S Chandana , T H Lokesh , Uppar Jyoti , S Basana Gouda , Shastri Yoshita Shrikrishna
Published: January 2025

Grafting, which unites the rootstock and scion of a plant, is crucial for combating soil-borne diseases in cucurbitaceous crops such as watermelon, melon, bitter gourd, summer squash and cucumber. Essential due to limited arable land and off-season demand, this technique enhances plant vigour by improving nutrient uptake and providing resistance to soil pathogens, salinity, drought and temperature variations, thereby improving overall yield and fruit quality. Initially implemented in Japan in the late 1990s, grafting significantly affects fruit pH, flavour, sugar content, carotenoids, and texture. Globally, it has been adopted to prevent diseases like fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode. This practice mitigates production losses under adverse conditions and promotes organic, safer vegetables by reducing pesticide residues. Recent advancements in grafting methods and versatile rootstocks further support its widespread use.
Retracing Sustainable Fishing Practices of Marine Resources in the Coastal Communities of Antique, Philippines
Authors: Cabigunda-Gordon Gael J.
Published: January 2025

The European Union (EU) recognized that there is rampant illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Philippines, resulting to a noticeable decline in fish population. To retrace sustainable fishing practices, this research sought to illustrate the fishing methods that fisher folks employ and narrate their experiences during their fishing activities. This research employed a multiple case study approach. To fully understand the experiences of the fisher folks in their fishing activities, one-on-one in depth semi-structured interviews have been conducted as well as scheduled visits in order to gather data. The collected data underwent a narrative analysis. The study was conducted in three fishing communities of Antique, specifically; Hamtic, Tibiao, and San Jose. In order to identify participants of the study, purposive sampling was used as the participants must meet certain criteria. The participants were registered fisher folks and members of a fisher folk organization registered in the barangays. Furthermore, they have been in the fishing industry for ten (10) years or more. Result of the study revealed that 1. Fisher folks indeed observe regulated and legal fishing methods; 2. Despite the observance of sustainable fishing methods there is still a noticeable decline in fish population; 3. The presence of kubkuban near municipal territories has been cited as a potential cause for overfishing, and 4. Weak law enforcement in the Philippine seas allow rampant illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing to persist. The findings suggest that fisher folks show resiliency in their choice of fishing methods as they are more conservative in managing marine resources. However, government must review and monitor the effects of kubkuban on the sustainable development of marine resources and review the Philippine fisheries code. Furthermore, there is a need to strengthen law enforcement in the Philippine seas.
Identification and Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of a Butanol Extract from Centella asiatica (L.) URB
Authors: Nguyen Tru Van , Doan Nguyet Thi , Ngo Nhi Hanh , Nguyen Hanh Van , Nguyen Duong Hoang
Published: January 2025

In recent years, herbal plants have been widely used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Centella asiatica (l.) urb is a significant medicinal plant renowned for its diverse ethnomedicinal applications. The present study evaluated biological activities for neuroprotective effect of C. asiatica. In summary, Centella asiatica (l.) urb was identified using DNA barcoding such as matK and rbcL genes. The sequences obtained were then compared through a similarity search using the NCBI GenBank database. Notably, the extracts of Centella asiatica exhibited high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the butanol extract of C. asiatica demonstrated the most significant neurotrophic effects in preliminary cell-based screenings, particularly in promoting neurite outgrowth in C6 cells. These findings suggest that C. asiatica holds considerable promise as a potential candidate for the development of pharmacological treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Impact of Corruption on Public Investment Outcomes in Nigeria
Authors: Hussaini Mustapha , Kabuga Nura Aliyu
Published: January 2025

Corruption remains a significant barrier to public investment in Nigeria, particularly for large-scale projects. This study aims to examine the impact of corruption on public investment outcomes across varying levels of investment with time series data covering 1986 to 2023. Using simultaneous quantile regression, the analysis captures both the direct effect of corruption and its interactions with macroeconomic variables, including GDP per capita, inflation, government effectiveness, political instability, and foreign direct investment (FDI). The results demonstrate that corruption consistently reduces public investment, with the negative impact intensifying at higher quantiles. Interaction terms reveal that government effectiveness mitigates the harmful effects of corruption, while political instability exacerbates them for smaller projects but plays a more complex role in larger ones. Inflation and FDI further amplify corruption's negative effects, particularly in medium and large-scale projects. The study concludes that larger public investments are especially vulnerable to corruption, which emphasises the need for stronger institutional frameworks and governance reforms to enhance transparency and accountability in public sector investment. Lastly, macroeconomic stability and improved political conditions are crucial to enhancing public investment outcomes, particularly in large-scale projects.
The Effect of the Use of Interactive Media in Arabic Language Learning on Students' Learning Outcomes at Nurul Ilmi Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Jambi
Authors: Zuhdi Sayfudin , Syahrial  , Sofyan Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Interactive media is one of the essential elements in improving the quality of education. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of interactive media in Arabic language learning on the learning outcomes of class 2A students at the Nurul Ilmi Integrated Islamic Elementary School in Jambi. The approach used in this study is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study was the entire second grade, totalling 236 people, divided into 10 study group classes. The sample used in this study was 20 class 2A students, who were taken randomly. The data in this study were collected using test techniques (pretest and post-test) from the perspective of Arabic language learning. The data analysis used was the N-gain test and the T-test. The study results showed that the use of interactive media in Arabic language learning in class 2A of the Nurul Ilmi Integrated Islamic Elementary School positively and significantly affected learning outcomes. The increase in Arabic language learning outcomes was average in the "high" category. The results of the T-test showed that the increase in learning outcomes was significant. Thus, it is recommended that interactive multimedia-based Arabic language teaching materials be developed to support the implementation of more professional and quality Arabic language learning.
A Graduate Tracer Study for the Bachelor of Arts in Theology Program of King's College of the Philippines, Benguet
Authors: Aniceto Noel P. , Nacor Celestino O.
Published: January 2025

Acknowledging the requirements set forth by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and accrediting agencies, the researchers identified a crucial need for this study. This study examines the career trajectories and ministerial engagement of Bachelor of Arts in Theology graduates from King's College of the Philippines between 2014 and 2020, evaluating the applicability of their theological training. The research employed an explanatory sequential design, integrating descriptive surveys and semi-structured interviews to gather data from 89 graduates. Two of these 89 graduates were deceased, leaving 87 available for the study. Out of these, 87, 68 responded, providing complete data sets for analysis. Data was collected using a modified CHED tracer template via physical distribution, email, and online platforms. The analysis employed descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Key findings indicate that 76.47% of graduates are in ministry roles such as senior pastors, youth leaders, and worship directors. Due to limited financial remuneration from small congregations, most graduates work part-time and seek supplementary secular employment. The curriculum demonstrated high applicability in teaching, personal development, and community relations, though pastoral counseling ranked slightly lower. Graduates acknowledged the program's effectiveness in preparing them for ministry and bi-vocational careers, including education and social services roles. The study highlights the dual applicability of the program to ministry and alternative careers, recommending enhancements to the internship period, curricular updates, and increased post-graduation support to address the financial and professional challenges faced by theology graduates.
Mapping of Hydrothermal Alteration Minerals Related to Tongue Tonguey (Sirba, Niger) Gold Mineralization Using Landsat 8 OLI Data and Remote Sensing
Authors: Abdoulatif ABASS SALEY , Mahamadou SALEY , Mohamed MOUNKAILA
Published: January 2025

Remote sensing is an effective means of exploring for gold resources. One of Niger's main gold provinces is the Sirba greenstone belt. Gold mineralization in the Tongue Tonguey soils presents interesting anomalies. It was necessary to identify and map the associated hydrothermal alteration. The aim of this work was to map hydrothermal alteration anomalies associated with gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was applied to Landsat 8 OLI data of the study area to highlight surfaces rich in alteration minerals. Band ratios (4/2) and (6/7) were applied to highlight iron minerals (hematite, goethite, jarosite) and alunite/clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite) respectively. Gold anomalies and alteration mineral anomalies were extracted from raster images using the threshold method. Iron minerals and alunite/clay minerals alterations were well associated with the gold anomalies host rocks. Hydrothermal alteration anomalies superimposed effectively on the gold anomalies. They were located in meta-volcano-sediments, along regional faults and at lithological contacts. Gold anomaly zones where iron minerals and alunite/clay minerals alterations was developed constitute favorable zones for gold exploration at Tongue Tonguey.
Impact of Organic Inputs (Jeevamruth and Beejamruth) on Quality Parameters of Fenugreek
Authors: M.P Sugumaran , A.S Goveanthan , M Kiruba , K Bharathi Kumar , S Akila , E Somasundaram , K Natarajan , G Gayathry , M Sinduja
Published: January 2025

The present study on Biochemical evaluation of organic inputs (Jeevamruth and Beejamruth) and their efficacy on Greens was carried out at the Department of sustainable organic agriculture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and the laboratory experiments were carried out at the Department of Environmental Sciences. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Biometric observations were taken during 10th, 20th and 30th days after sowing. Soil samples were collected during initial and at the stage of harvest and analysed for chemical and biological properties. Plant samples were analysed for protein and chlorophyll contents. Quality parameters like protein content was found to be high in both treatments Jeevamruth @ 5 % Spray (using Green gram flour) and Jeevamruth @ 5 % Spray (using Green gram +Black gram flour); and the chlorophyll content was high in Jeevamruth @ 5 % Spray (Green gram flour). From the results, the application of Jeevamruth as a 5 % spray was observed as a viable organic approach to improve soil and eco-friendly fenugreek production.
Impact of Blanching and Two Drying Methods on the Nutritional, Organoleptic and Microbiological Properties of Fresh Onions of the Galmi Violet Variety Sold on the Markets of Korhogo (Côte D’Ivoire)
Authors: Patricia Oulaï Dehegnan , Archange Libra Michel , Noelle Kodjo , Djeneba Ouattara Hadja , Mohamed Cissé , Sébastien Niamké Lamine
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work is to contribute to the reduction of post-harvest losses of fresh onions, with a view to enhancing their value. To this end, the influence of two drying methods (sun and shade), organoleptic qualities and microbiological characteristics were studied. Onions were subjected to two types of pre-treatment (boiling water blanching and steam blanching) and to 7 days drying at a temperature of 33°C in the sun and at room temperature. The results of biochemical analysis reveal that drying significantly reduces the water content of fresh onions from 83.23% to 14.49%. There was also a variation in ash content from 1.84 to 4.84%, titratable acidity from 5.48 to 42.91 mEq/100g, total polyphenol content from 718.19 to 2170.28 mg EAG/g and flavonoid content from 30.25 to 136.01 mg EQuer/g of dried onions. The results of the sensory analyses show that the steam-bleached and sun-dried samples were more appreciated by tasters for their color, taste and odor. Microbiological characteristics indicate the presence of aerobic mesophilic germs (1.30.10^1 to 7.06.10^5 CFU/g), total coliforms (5.80.10^1 CFU/g), yeasts and molds (1.10^1 to 1.81.10^1 CFU/g) and an absence of fecal coliforms, E. coli and ASR. All these results are an added value for onion processing and will help reduce post-harvest losses.
Causes of Seasonal Out-Migration in the Terms of Agricultural Perspectives in Phulbari Upazila, Kurigram, Bangladesh
Authors: Akhi Sultana , Abdullah-Al-Mamun  , Akhter Selina , Rahman Md. Mostafizur
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the major push-pull and self-selective factors driving seasonal out-migration in Phulbari Upazila, Kurigram District, from an agricultural perspective. Seasonal migration, especially during lean agricultural periods, is a longstanding livelihood strategy in this region. The study utilizes primary and secondary data to understand the agricultural dynamics influencing past and present migration trends. Key factors contributing to seasonal out-migration include flooding and river erosion, agricultural off-seasons, landlessness, poverty, limited employment opportunities, climatic variability, debt, economic pressure, social networks, and migration traditions. The research reveals that natural vulnerabilities and seasonal food insecurity continue to drive migration. Due to uncertain climate change and weather conditions, rural areas suffered from seasonal hunger due to a lack of manpower and unsuitable soil conditions to harvest food for their people. This outlines the patterns, causes, and impacts of seasonal out-migration among agricultural workers in Bangladesh as well as how this condition affects the socioeconomic of a rural area, Phulbari Upazila, Kurigram. Most migrants are agricultural wage laborers, landless, and marginal farmers. The study also highlights that households' coping capacity is closely linked to the socio-economic status of the household head, with illiterate and low-income groups being more vulnerable than their educated and higher-income parts. This study identified the significant role of agricultural changes in shaping migration decisions and suggests that interventions aimed at reducing dependency on seasonal migration could foster sustainable development. The push factors, such as poverty and unemployment, are more influential than pull factors. Empowering migrants through education, safety nets, and diversified income opportunities, both in their villages and at migration destinations, can transform migration from a necessity into a choice. Collaboration works among communities, government, NGOs, and other stakeholders is important for implementing sustainable and impactful policies and strategies.
Agricultural Optimization through Radioactive Tracer Technology: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Swetha D. , Kavitha P.S. , Muthuvel I.
Published: January 2025

Radioactive tracer technology has emerged as a groundbreaking tool for advancing agricultural optimization, particularly in the study of physiological and biochemical processes in fruit crops. By utilizing isotopic tracers, researchers can achieve unparalleled precision in tracing nutrient pathways, imaging biological processes, and diagnosing molecular interactions. This review explores the diverse applications of this technology, including the optimization of nutrient uptake, the analysis of water transport systems, the enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency, and the management of pest-related challenges. Additionally, the study addresses the logistical, safety, and economic considerations surrounding the use of radioactive tracers in agricultural research. The integration of machine learning and advanced imaging techniques is highlighted as a pivotal development, amplifying the scope and effectiveness of radioactive tracer applications. Together, these innovations promise to revolutionize the understanding and management of crop systems, paving the way for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices.
Response of Levels of Nitrogen and Row Spacing on Growth and Leaf Yield of Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama
Authors: Patel M. J. , Panchal B. H. , Thounaojam A. S. , Zala K. P. , Baria V. K.
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, with a view to study the response of levels of nitrogen and row spacing on growth and leaf yield of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama during Rabi season of the year 2019-20 with factorial randomized block design (FRBD) comprising of three levels of nitrogen viz., 60 kg Nha-1  (N1), 80 kg Nha-1 (N2) and 100 kg Nha-1 (N3) and three row spacing viz., 20 cm (S1), 30 cm (S2) and 40 cm (S3) along with three replications. The study was revealed that the application of Nitrogen 100 kgha-1 (N3) gave maximum shoot length (29.24 cm), maximum number of leaves (13.37), maximum leaf area (91.02 cm2), chlorophyll content SPAD value (37.10), ascorbic acid content (76.47 mg) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 57.88, 52.77, 48.23 and 38.33 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.50, 6.24, 5.81 and 4.92 g  at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting, respectively and maximum leaf yield per plot (20.90 kg) and per hectare (37.32 t ) while in case of row spacing, S3 (40 cm) gave maximum number of leaves (13.44), maximum leaf area (89.69 cm2) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 56.63, 51.92, 46.30 and 36.67 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.41, 6.20, 5.82 and 4.75 g  at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting respectively while, maximum number of plants/sq.m at 10 DAS (47.05), shoot length (28.98 cm), green leaf yield per plot (20.68 kg) and per hectare (36.93 t) observed in treatment S1 (20 cm).
A Review on the Potential of Ginger Essential Oil-based Nanotechnology for Controlling Tropical Plant Diseases
Authors: Ansari Taheera , S Sudhakar , Prasanna Narsing Laxmi , Nigam Rashmi , Shankar Uma , Mohapatra Deepali , Sahoo Lipikant , Prasad S. Syam
Published: January 2025

The increasing prevalence of plant diseases in tropical agriculture, driven by climate change, pathogen resistance, and unsustainable pesticide use, necessitates the development of eco-friendly and effective disease management strategies. Ginger essential oil (GEO), derived from Zingiber officinale, is a natural antimicrobial agent with proven efficacy against a wide range of plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Its bioactive compounds, such as gingerols, shogaols, and zingiberene, exhibit multiple modes of action, making GEO a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides. Its volatility, short shelf life, and limited solubility under field conditions restrict its direct application in agriculture. Nanotechnology offers a transformative solution to these limitations by encapsulating GEO in advanced nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles, which improve its stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. Nanoformulated GEO has demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial efficacy in both laboratory and field studies, outperforming pure GEO and synthetic agrochemicals in controlling plant pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, and Xanthomonas campestris. GEO nanoformulations are biodegradable and pose minimal risks to non-target organisms and the environment, aligning with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Despite these promising outcomes, challenges such as high production costs, regulatory uncertainties, and limited farmer awareness hinder the large-scale implementation of GEO nanotechnology. It should focus on optimizing nanoformulation techniques, exploring synergistic combinations with other natural antimicrobials, and integrating GEO nanoformulations into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and farmers is essential to overcome adoption barriers and ensure effective deployment. By addressing these challenges, GEO-based nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize tropical agriculture, providing a sustainable, safe, and innovative solution for managing plant diseases while reducing dependency on harmful chemical pesticides.
Effect of different Transplanting Times on Growth and Yield of Lettuce Variety Great Lakes
Authors: Jadav N. K. , Sarkar Mangaldeep , Prajapati H. A.
Published: January 2025

Lettuce is the topmost leafy salad vegetable grown in the world. Performance of lettuce varieties varies erratically under different transplanting period. Transplanting time and climatic conditions affect the production and quality of the produce immensely. To study the effect of different transplanting time, an experiment was conducted at college farm of College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai, Dang, Gujarat in the year 2023. Experiment was laid out in RBD design with four replications. The experiment was carried out in different transplanting time viz. 3rd week of September (T1), 1st week of October (T2), 3rd week of October (T3), 1st week of November (T4), 3rd week of November (T5) and 1st week of December (T6). Observations were recorded for traits such as plant height, plant spread, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of leaf, number of leaf cuttings, yield per plant and total yield per hectare. Results revealed that plant height at 30, 60 and 120 days after transplanting was significantly affected at different transplanting time. Plant spread (697.42 cm2), leaf length (21.75 cm), leaf width (20.75 cm), number of leaf cuttings, yield per plant (371 g) and total yield (14271.30 kg/ha) were significantly higher in 3rd week of October transplanting. Plant height at 90 Days After Transplanting, number of leaves per plant and fresh weight of leaf were found non-significant.
Bacterial Removal Efficiency of Crude Oil Polluted Water Using Corn Husk and Charcoal as Filter Material
Authors: Baranu Barisiale Suka , Ogwutum Zipporah
Published: January 2025

Clean drinking water has become a distinguishing factor between developed countries and developing or underdeveloped countries so much so that it is fast becoming the most sought-after initiatives in the public health sector globally. Many people in underdeveloped nations still lack access to safe drinking water, they rely on surrounding rivers and streams for their water supply. Polluted water is not safe for drinking and use in homes for domestic activities as they may pose health risks. It is therefore important to consider effective ways to purify water for domestic use in communities that do not have access to treated water. Microorganisms are key contaminants in unsafe water sources and be of natural or human origin. The frequency of bacterial isolate occurrence showed that the most prevalent were Staphylococcus species (12.0 %), Aeromonas species (10 %), Klebsiella species (9.0 %), Clostridium species and Enterobacter species (8.0 %), while the lowest were Corynebacterium and Bacillus species (4 %). The bacteriological quality of the polluted water before and after filtration was analysed to evaluate the efficacy of charcoal and corn husk filters in removing pathogenic isolates. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts (THB) of the contaminated water reduced by 87.0 % and 88.7 %, hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial counts (HUB) reduced by 87.3 % and 95.4 %, faecal coliforms reduced by 94.5 % and 95.8 %, Salmonella shigella counts reduced by 69.2 % and 76.0 % for corn husk filter and charcoal filter respectively after filtration with the organic materials. Charcoal filter showed more promise in reducing bacterial isolates than corn husk.
Impact of Various Rootstocks and Grafting Techniques on Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Growth and Survival
Authors: Mugal Farjana , Mugal Afsana , Kumari Neetu , Yadav Pushpa , Yadav Amrendra Kumar
Published: January 2025

The present study highlights the impact of various rootstocks and grafting techniques on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) growth and survival. An experiment was conduct on evaluation of various rootstock of Pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) was carry out with an analysis to evaluate the Graft compatibility between CV Phule Bhagwa Super and rootstocks of pomegranates (Punica granatum L.). The purpose of Phule Bhagwa Super wedge grafting was to evaluate the compatibility of graft in several rootstocks with the hybrid Phule Bhagwa Super. The rootstocks Bedana Suri and Alandi required the shortest amount of time (16.76 days) to sprout buds, according to the data. Bedana Suri had the highest percentage of bud sprouts (79.00%) at 30 days following grafting (DAG). In Bedana Suri, the highest percentage of graft survival (75.66%) at 90 DAG was documented. The Bedana Suri rootstock had the maximum rate of shoot growth. The rootstock Bedana Suri show the most internodes, shoots, and largest shoot length (89.00 cm). Additionally, there was a noticeable increase in shoot and internodal length with regard to time. The maximal girth at graft union (12.05 mm) was measured in bedana suri. The rootstocks with wedge grafting, Ganesh, Bedana Suri, and Kandhari, had the maximum rootstock and scion girth ratio (1.01). Longer shoots and roots, together with the maximum fresh shoot weight (65.40 g) and root weight (38.40 g), were generated with Bedana Suri rootstock. Kandhari has the greatest shoot/root weight ratio (0.77).
Genetic Variability Studies in Early Segregating Generation of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp subsp unguiculata]
Authors: Kundu Ritama , Deshpande Sanjeev K. , Patil B. R. , Jahagirdar Shamarao
Published: January 2025

Aims: In a self-pollinated crop like cowpea, most breeding approaches predominantly use different techniques of handling the segregating generations. It is important to select and increase the frequency of the desirable genotypes for efficient management of segregating generations and gradual improvement of important characters in the material. For the selection to be efficient, a complete knowledge of the features of the segregating material in terms of genetic variability with regard to important characters is crucial. So the objective of the study was to comprehend the genetic variability in segregating generations and to estimate the percentage of transgressive segregants.
Study Design:  The experiment was laid out in Augmented design II during kharif, 2023.
Place and Duration of Study: The current experiment was undergone at the Botany garden, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka to evaluate 36 F4 families and six checks during kharif 2023.
Methodology: Observations were taken for ten yield and yield related traits viz., total yield (kg/ha), single plant yield (g), number of pods per plant, test weight (g), number of seeds per pod, pod length (cm), number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, days to fifty per cent flowering and days to maturity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield and yield related traits of 36 F4 families of diverse crosses and pedigree along with checks in grain type cowpea was carried out in augmented design II as proposed by Federer and Raghavarao, 1975. Different genetic parameters were estimated to characterize the material for nature and amount of genetic variability. Percentage of transressive segregants was calculated using the mean±1 SD for all characters.
Results: The variances between genotypes were shown to be highly significant among all the characters under study. All traits exhibited high heritability (>60%) except the trait number of pods per cluster. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (>20%) was obtained in traits like total yield (kg/ha) (71.00% and 43.59%), single plant yield (g) (76.18% and 35.01%), number of pods per plant (71.98% and 33.49%), pod length (cm) (75.99% and 22.00%) and number of clusters per plant (64.90% and 30.02%), indicating the possibility of effective selection for these characters. Highest percentage of transgressive segregants was revealed for the traits total yield (19.44%) and days to fifty per cent flowering (19.44%).
Conclusion: Sufficient amount of genetic variability present among the F4 families ensures profound scope of selection which in turn indicates possibility of improvement in the population.
Retratamento endodôntico não-cirúrgico de incisivo central superior com periodontite apical crônica associada à reabsorção externa inflamatória
Authors: Diamantino Laura , Andrade Brito Marcella , Rocha Donato Taís , Margarida Crusoé Rocha Rebello Iêda , Gala-García Alfonso , Mota Campos Mariano Chompanidis Mariana
Published: January 2025

ResumoIntrodução: falhas associadas ao tratamento endodôntico primário estão relacionadas à persistência da periodontite apical. Como resposta inflamatória a bactérias e seus subprodutos, a reabsorção externa inflamatória é iniciada pela reabsorção do cemento, estando presente na maioria dos dentes com sinais radiográficos de periodontite apical. O retratamento endodôntico não cirúrgico consiste na remoção do material obturador do sistema de canais radiculares, a fim de remodelá-lo e desinfectá-lo. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um caso de retratamento endodôntico não cirúrgico envolvendo um incisivo central superior direito com sinais de periodontite apical associada à reabsorção externa inflamatória, utilizando diferentes técnicas e materiais. Relato: o caso envolve paciente com 25 anos, com histórico de trauma, quando criança, nas unidades 11 e 12, tendo realizado tratamento endodôntico em ambas. A tomografia evidenciou uma imagem hiperdensa em canal radicular, sugestiva de material obturador, e imagem hipodensa em ápice radicular, sugestiva de lesão periapical, além de irregularidade no ápice radicular da unidade 11, compatível com reabsorção externa. Para desobturação do conduto, magnificação, brocas gates, limas manuais, mecanizadas e insertos ultrassônicos foram utilizados. O preparo químico-mecânico envolveu a utilização de limas e hipoclorito de sódio, além da execução de protocolo de agitação. Através da técnica híbrida de Tagger e cimento obturador AH Plus, o canal foi obturado. O paciente foi encaminhado para os ambulatórios de reabilitação oral e, após 6 meses, controles clínico, radiográfico e tomográfico foram realizados, evidenciando a regressão dos quadros apresentados. Conclusão: o retratamento endodôntico não cirúrgico mostrou-se uma alternativa efetiva para casos de periodontite apical crônica associada à reabsorção externa inflamatória.
Associação entre baixo fracionamento dietético e ocorrência de excesso de peso em mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Cafe Barbosa Adriane
Published: January 2025

Introdução: Evidências científicas revelam que o baixo fracionamento dietético pode aumentar o risco de desenvolver excesso de peso e outras Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT). Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o baixo fracionamento dietético e a ocorrência de excesso de peso em mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde  de um município do Recôncavo da Bahia. Metodologia: Estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo Quase Experimental com 139 mulheres em idade fértil e gestantes assistidas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, no período de outubro de 2022 a abril de 2023. Empregou-se Regressão de Poisson com variância Robusta para avaliar a associação entre a variável de exposição e o desfecho estudado. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso em mulheres que realizam até 3 refeições diárias foi de 49,4% (RP= 1,25; IC95%= 1,02-1,63). Observou-se maior prevalência de excesso de peso em gestantes com baixo fracionamento dietético (RP= 1,29; IC95%= 1,0-1,71), que tiveram outra gestação (RP= 1,53; IC95%= 1,16- 2,54) e consomem bebidas alcoólicas (RP= 1,09; IC95%= 1,10-1,80). Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu identificar elevada prevalência de excesso de peso em mulheres, sendo o baixo fracionamento dietético e outros fatores, a exemplo de multiparidade, condição fisiológica da vida e consumo de álcool estiveram associados a ocorrência deste desfecho, indicando a necessidade de acompanhamento da saúde e nutrição das mulheres em todas as fases da vida.
Procedimentos para rejuvenescimento facial e monitoramento de seus efeitos com fotogrametria: relato de caso
Authors: Lins Renata Bahia Accioly , Mathias Paula
Published: January 2025

Introdução: o tratamento de harmonização orofacial envolve procedimentos que visam atender às principais queixas estéticas e funcionais do indivíduo. Procedimentos como toxina botulínica, bioestimulador de colágeno e preenchimento com ácido hialurônico são os mais procurados na prática clínica para modificações morfológicas e gerenciamento do envelhecimento facial, e requerem o uso cauteloso desses materiais que provocam mudanças sutis na face dos indivíduos. Assim, é importante que o profissional utilize ferramentas de registro e monitoramento, como fotografias padronizadas ou escaneamentos faciais. A estereofotogrametria é um método que usa sistemas de imagens faciais tridimensionais (3D) para o planejamento e acompanhamento do tratamento, possibilitando a visualização e a quantificação dos resultados alcançados. Metodologia: o presente trabalho descreve um caso clínico de harmonização orofacial, com aplicação de bioestimulador de colágeno, toxina botulínica, preenchimento labial e da região periorbital, com utilização da estereofotogrametria para registrar as sutis mudanças faciais e avaliar o efeito de cada uma delas. Resultado:  foi possível observar uma grande melhora no aspecto facial da paciente, com uma movimentação tecidual posterior e superior. Conclusão: o caso clínico apresentado demonstrou que o conhecimento da anatomia facial e o uso de técnicas de injeções planejadas e de produtos específicos para cada região facial são essenciais para alcançar os objetivos pré-determinados. O monitoramento de cada alteração facial e tecidual com a estereofotogrametria oferece a possibilidade de acompanhar criteriosamente cada alteração obtida, além de aproximar paciente e profissional, trazendo mais assertividade no acompanhamento clínico, monitoramento dos procedimentos de rejuvenescimento facial e verificação dos resultados alcançados.
Association of Nighttime Speed Limits and Electric Scooter–Related Injuries
Authors: Liukkonen Rasmus , Aarnikko Heljä , Stenman Pekka , Ovaska Sanna , Reito Aleksi
Published: June 2023

This cohort study investigates whether nighttime speed restrictions are associated with the incidence of electric scooter–related injuries in Finland.
Assessment of Disability and Depression Following Amputation Among Adults in Korea
Authors: Jung Wonyoung , Kim Miso , Jeon Hong Jin , Chang Won Hyuk , Yoo Jung Eun , Han Kyungdo , Shin Dong Wook
Published: June 2023

This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study assesses the risk of depression following amputation among adults in Korea.
Mixtures Risk Assessment: Available Methods and Future Directions
Authors: Pohl Hana R. , Buser Melanie C. , Ruiz Patricia , Mumtaz Moiz M.
Published: June 2023

Humans are simultaneously or sequentially exposed to many chemicals throughout their life, intentionally or unintentionally. These could include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, household products, and food additives. Individual control over exposure varies across personal, occupational, and environmental chemical exposure pathways. Personal lifestyle exposures such as firsthand tobacco smoke or alcohol are voluntary. Occupational exposure is “voluntary,” but the individual generally has less control over these exposures. On the other hand, individuals usually have few options for controlling environmental exposures under ordinary circumstances.
Refractory Ceramic Fiber (Alumino Silicate Wool)
Authors: Harrison Paul T. C.
Published: June 2023

Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) belongs to the group of fibrous materials known as man‐made vitreous fibers (MMVF) or synthetic vitreous fibers (SVF). It is produced from molten mineral raw material, predominantly silica, and alumina. RCFs may be sold in the form of loose wool, blankets, boards, or vacuum‐formed shapes. Products made from RCF are generally used at application temperatures above 900°C in industrial equipment such as furnaces and kilns. Individual fibers may be released into the air during manufacture, handling, use, decommissioning, and disposal. As with other fibrous materials, inhalation and consequent effects on the lungs are considered to be the most important health concerns, and sampling airborne fiber concentration is therefore the focus of exposure assessment. RCF is classified as possibly (or presumed to be) carcinogenic to humans and is subject to various national workplace exposure limits or guidelines. Also, like other SVFs, RCF can cause acute mechanical irritation to the skin and eyes. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated no increases in all‐cause mortality or mortality from lung cancer or all cancers combined in RCF‐exposed workers; overall, it is concluded that occupational exposure to RCF is associated with the development of pleural plaques and minor decrements in lung function but not interstitial fibrosis or increased lung cancer.
Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
Authors: Madden Emily F. , Fowler Bruce A.
Published: June 2023

Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth are members of Group V of the Periodic Table of Elements. These elements have been used for a variety of medicinal and pest control purposes over a number of centuries. They have also been used in metallic alloys and in the production of III–V semiconductors to increase electronic speeds of computer chips. Arsenicals are largely metabolized by methylation pathways and bismuth is known to induce the metal‐binding protein metallothionein and to form electron–dense cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies.
Polyhalogenated Biphenyls
Authors: Loccisano Anne , Bernal Autumn , Kerger Brent
Published: June 2023

This chapter is intended to provide a detailed weight of evidence scientific review on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). Notably, PCBs are among the most thoroughly studied chlorinated persistent organic pollutants to date; despite their discontinued commercial production in the 1970s, their environmental persistence and widespread distribution continue to garner research attention regarding potential impacts on human health. Due to the voluminous literature pertaining to exposure and toxicology of PCBs, for practical purposes, this chapter was written to capture the scientific highlights of greatest import with respect to knowledge on exposures and toxicological properties of these compounds.
Glycols
Authors: Cavender Finis L. , Keenan Thomas H.
Published: June 2023

Glycols are generally organic molecules that contain two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons. Some include organic molecules with two hydroxyl groups on carbon atom that are not adjacent to each other. All of these chemicals are correctly called diols. Ethylene glycol is the simplest diol with the formula (CH
2
OH)
2
. The main uses of ethane‐1,2‐diol are as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet‐tasting, viscous liquid that can cause kidney damage in children and pets who may drink the sweet liquid. Propylene glycol or propane‐1,2‐diol does not cause kidney damage and is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers, and in smaller quantities used in food applications, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Many molecules of ethane‐1,2‐diol can be connected via ether linkages to produce polyethylene glycol or PEG which can have molecular weights in the thousands. As with many organic chemicals, the higher the molecular weight, the lower the toxicity.
Kiritimatiellia
emend.
Authors: Spring Stefan
Published: June 2023

Ki.ri.ti.ma.ti.el'li.a. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Kiritimatiella
, type genus of the type order of the class; N.L. neut. pl. n. suff. –
ia,
ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Kiritimatiellia
, the class of the order
Kiritimatiellales
.

Kiritimatiellota / Kiritimatiellia
emend
.

The effectively published synonym
Kiritimatiellae
(sic) Spring et al. 2016 was corrected to
Kiritimatiellia
by Spring et al. (2022) in Göker (2022). At the time of writing, the class
Kiritimatiellia
encompasses all cultivated representatives of the phylum
Kiritimatiellota
. Members of this taxon are in general free‐living, nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming, coccoid bacteria adapted to anoxic niches found in aquatic environments or the intestines of animals. Further features common to all strains include cell division by binary fission, a cell wall of the Gram‐negative type that contains peptidoglycan, no intracellular membranes, and an anaerobic metabolism based on the fermentation of carbohydrates. Transparent exopolymers are produced by pure cultures of the known strains. A specialization in the degradation of complex polysaccharides can be assumed for most strains, since the corresponding genomes contain a large number of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and sulfatases. Cellular fatty acid patterns of axenic cultures are dominated by straight‐chain (C
18:0
) and iso‐branched fatty acids (iso‐C
12:0
, iso‐C
14:0
). The major polar lipids are identified as phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin). The genome sizes among described representatives of this phylum range from 2.9  to 8.6 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53–63 (genome analyses,
n
 = 4).

Type order
:
Kiritimatiellales
Spring et al. 2016, VL174.
Methylobacterium
Authors: Ardley Julie K. , Green Peter N.
Published: June 2023

Me.thy.lo.bac.te'ri.um. N.L. pref.
methylo
, pertaining to the methyl radical; Gr. n.
bacterion
, a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Methylobacterium
, a methyl radical utilizing bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Methylobacteriaceae / Methylobacterium

The genus
Methylobacterium
accommodates pink‐pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria that assimilate single carbon substrates via the serine cycle. A recent revision of the taxonomy has grouped all
Methylobacterium sensu lato
species in three distinct clades:
Methylobacterium sensu stricto
(Clade A),
Methylorubrum
(Clade B), and the third clade (Clade C), which contains some nonmethylotrophic species and currently remains within
Methylobacterium sensu lato
. Most species form pink to orange‐red colonies on methanol salt media; colonies are circular, convex with entire margins. Cells are non‐spore‐forming rods that occur singly, in pairs, or occasionally in rosettes and may be branched or pleomorphic. Gram‐negative with a Gram‐negative cell wall type but may stain Gram‐variable. Cells of most species are motile by means of one or more polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Respiration is strictly aerobic. They are mesophilic and chemoorganotrophic. Strains belonging to
Methylobacterium sensu stricto
are facultatively methylotrophic, being able to grow with formaldehyde, formate, and methanol as sole carbon sources; most strains are unable to grow on methylamine. Clade C within
Methylobacterium sensu lato
contains some members that are unable to utilize methanol or formaldehyde. Some strains have shown evidence of weakly phototrophic growth. Can grow on a variety of multicarbon compounds, in particular organic acids, but most strains are unable to utilize disaccharides. The major cellular fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18:1
ω6
c
. DNA G + C content is 66.0–73.0 (genome).
Methylobacterium
species are widely distributed in nature, being found in soil, water, and associated with plants, most commonly in the phyllosphere.
Methylobacterium organophilum
is the type species of this genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 66.0–73.0 (genome).

Type species
:
Methylobacterium organophilum
Patt et al. 1976
AL
.
Kiritimatiella
Authors: Spring Stefan
Published: June 2023

Ki.ri.ti.ma.ti.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Kiritimatiella
, pertaining to the Kiritimati Atoll, the geographical origin of the type strain of the type species.

Kiritimatiellota / Kiritimatiellia / Kiritimatiellales / Kiritimatiellaceae / Kiritimatiella

Members of this genus are represented by free‐living, unpigmented, nonmotile, and non‐spore‐forming coccoid cells that divide by binary fission. Intracellular membranes are not formed. Gram‐negative type of cell wall with a peptidoglycan layer. Major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
14:0
and C
18:0
. Odd‐numbered cellular fatty acids, respiratory lipoquinones, or cytochromes are not detected in significant amounts. The polar lipid composition is dominated by phosphatidylglycerol. Tests for catalase and oxidase are negative. Nitrate is not reduced. Obligately anaerobic, moderately halophilic, mesophilic, and neutrophilic. Strictly fermentative metabolism with sugars as preferred substrates. Yeast extract or vitamins are not required for growth. Members of the class
Kiritimatiellia
, order
Kiritimatiellales
, family
Kiritimatiellaceae
. Known habitats are microbial mats in salt lakes and evaporation ponds.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Kiritimatiella glycovorans
Spring et al. 2016, VL174.
Miltoncostaeales
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Egas Conceição
Published: June 2023

Mil.ton.cos.tae.a'les. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Miltoncostaea
, type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. –
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Miltoncostaeales
, the
Miltoncostaea
order.

Actinomycetota / Thermoleophilia / Miltoncostaeales

The order
Miltoncostaeales
is a member of the class
Thermoleophilia
. This order accommodates one family,
Miltoncostaeaceae
, and one genus,
Miltoncostaea
, composed of two validly published species named
Miltoncostaea marina
and
Miltoncostaea oceani
. Cells stain Gram‐negative and form rod‐shaped cells. Endospores are not observed. The members of this order are mesophilic and slightly halophilic. Strictly aerobic and chemoorganotrophic. The peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐Dpm) as diagnostic diamino acid and is of type A1γ'. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone 7 (MK‐7). Fatty acids are predominantly straight‐chain; branched fatty acids are also present. Isolated from marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (%)
: 74.8–76.1 (genome).

Type genus
:
Miltoncostaea
Li et al. 2021, VL202.