bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bee Visits Improves Production Parameters of Maize in Northern Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)
Authors: Tuo Yalamoussa , Coulibaly Drissa , Kansaye Laya , Soro Pôrôlô , Kone Mouhamadou
Published: October 2024

Maize (Zea mays) is one of cereal rich in nutrients and antioxidants essential for human health. Many studies showed that this speculation is pollinated indirectly by wind. However, we observed a strong presence of bees on the male flowers of maize as soon as they open. The high activity of bees on these flowers, causes an intense release of pollen, which couldimpact positively the fruit set. This study was carried out in the botanical garden of the university Peleforo Gon Coulibaly of Korhogo located in northern Cote d'Ivoire. Two varieties of maize (EV8728-SR and LG501) were used for this study. For each variety, 15 plants were protected from insect visits and 15 other plants were still unprotected. Ear mass,seed mass and seed number resulting from each treatment were analyzed. The findings showed that the average number of seeds per ear resulting from unprotected plants (V1: 445.8 ± 17.92 and V2: 442.27 ± 6.8) was significantly higher compared to the protected plants (V1: 242.13 ± 4.39 and V2: 208.6 ± 9.52) for each variety. The average mass of seeds resulting from unprotected plants (V1: 205.31 ± 2.23g and V2: 169.45 ± 5.15g) was also higher compared to the protected plants (V1: 101.79 ± 1.93g and V2: 77.49 ± 1.70g). Whatever the maize variety, the germination rate of seeds resulting from unprotected plants (V1: Tg = 96.67% and V2: Tg = 100%) was higher compared to the protected plants (V1: Tg = 66.67% and V2: Tg = 56.67%). This study are very relevant for farmers and scientists because, it showed clearly bee contribution in the maize production improvement.
New Generated Keys of the AES Algorithm Based on the SHA256 Algorithm for Image Encryption
Authors: Jabbar Raghda Sattar
Published: October 2024

To prevent unauthorized access to digital data, stronger encryption solutions are needed. The Advanced Encryption Standard is instrumental to cryptographic security, but this reliance on traditional forms of key generation risks undoing its potency. In order to fulfill this effect that the research presents its new work for another version of AES key generation with SHA256. Using the high entropy of SHA256, we generate even more complicated and unpredictable keys that drastically raises resilience to cryptographic attacks. We demonstrate this with a Python implementation of our proposed method along with experiments on image data which show significantly increased encryption strength over standard AES, whilst having similar performance. This research represents an additional step toward developing safer methods of encryption that safeguard data.
Determination of Activity Optimum Inulinasefrom Bacteria Screened from Dadih(Curd)
Authors: Khusaeni Devana Sagita , Azhar Minda
Published: October 2024

Dadih (curd) contains Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), most of themare probiotics. Probiotics favour nutritional supplements called prebiotics. One compound that belongs to the prebiotic group is inulin. Inulinase hydrolyses inulin into fructose and FOS. The aim of the study was to determine the optimum activity of inulinase from bacteria screened from dadih(curd)atvariation of pH (4.5; 5; 5.5; 6; 7; 8), temperature (20°C, 30°C, 37°C, 45°C) and variation of substrate concentration (0.5%; 1%; 1.5%; 2%; 2.5%). Determination of inulinase activity was determined usingDinitrosalicylicAcid (DNS) reagent method.Absorbance was measured usingspectrophotometer at 488 wavelengths. The results obtained from this study were the optimum activity of inulinase (bacterial inulinase degrading inulin)at pH 5.5; temperature 37°C and substrate concentration 2.5%.
Cassava cell wall disruption methods: A review
Authors: Neba C. A. , P. Doua
Published: October 2024

Cyanogenic compounds such as linamarin, lotaustralin and linustatin are found in roots of cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crantz). Those compounds are located in cell vacuoles while their hydrolytic enzyme, the linamarase is present in cell wall. Once the cell wall is disrupted, the cyanogenic compounds are hydrolyzed by the linamarase, producing glucose, acetone and hydrocyanic acid under favorable conditions. The main condition for cyanide production and elimination is the disruption of cassava cell wall, to promote the contact of cyanogenic glycosides and the linamarase. The cell wall disruption can be obtained by mechanical methods that are: shear grating, grating by pounding and grating by impacting. Cellwall disruption can also be done by solid-state fermentation or submerged fermentation that are chemical methods. Itcan finally be done by the combination of mechanical method for cassava division, followed by fermentation in hot water.
Unraveling Synergies: Exploring the Intersection of Transformative Quality Education and Generative Artificial Intelligence, A Review of Literature
Authors: Hassan Amrani , Mgala Mvurya , Hadullo Kennedy
Published: October 2024

In the quickly changing field of education, there exists a need to explore and understand the intricate interplay between transformative quality education, and generative artificial intelligence. Despite increasing attention to these components individually, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis regarding their interconnected roles and potential synergies within educational contexts. This gap in understanding hinders the realization of inclusive and high-quality learning environments, as well as the effective integration of AI technologies to enhance transformative educational practices. Thus, there is a pressing need to investigate the theoretical foundations, practical implications, challenges, and opportunities associated with the convergence of transformative quality education, and generative AI in order to inform stakeholders and advance the discourse on educational innovation and sustainability. This literature review presents a comprehensive examination of the relationship between transformative quality education, generative artificial intelligence in the educational sphere. By adopting a multidimensional approach, the review intends to construct a comprehensive conceptual map that illustrates the connections and interdependencies among transformative education, quality education, and generative AI. The review identifies potential challenges and opportunities at this intersection, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and technologists. By serving as a knowledge base for informed discussions and future research, this review holds implications for various stakeholders. All things considered, the knowledge gleaned from this review of theliterature can help create a more thorough grasp of the revolutionary potential of generative AI in the context of high-quality education, which will eventually open the door for wise decision-making and more research in this important field.
Consumer Perception of Environmental Protection to Promote Mindful Consumption Behaviour through Mindfulness and Ascription of Responsibility
Authors: Fatima Tayyba , Awan Tahir Mumtaz , Malik Omer Farooq
Published: October 2024

The fast fashion business under fire for its detrimental effects on the environment, and the economy. A lot of companies are taking ethical marketing tactics to urge consumers to be more responsible and conscious while making purchases. Study measure the impact of consumer ethical marketing perception environmental protection on mindful consumption through mindfulness and ascription of responsibility. Quantitative cross-sectional survey approach used. Test model used 321 final responses. Variance-based partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to examine the survey data. The outcomes indicated that fostering a mindful consumption behavior marketing tactics can play significant role. Consumer perception of environmental protection strategies can enhance the consumer responsibilities and their mindful mindset. Which ultimately influence their behavior. The research offers insightful information on ethical marketing tactics that local markets may use to promote mindful behavior and to support sustainable policies and practices in the fashion industry.
Dao động riêng và đáp ứng động của tấm FGM có vi bọt rỗng trên nền đàn hồi Kerr
Authors: Hải Lê Thanh , Long Nguyễn Văn , Tú Trần Minh
Published: October 2024

Dựa trên cơ sở lý thuyết biến dạng cắt bậc nhất đơn giản với bốn ẩn số chuyển vị, bài báo xây dựng lời giảiNavier cho tấm FGM có vi bọt rỗng đặt trên nền đàn hồi Kerr. Sử dụng nguyên lý Hamilton cùng với việc xemxét đến yếu tố mặt trung hòa của tấm có cơ tính thay đổi theo chiều dày, hệ phương trình chuyển động thu được có dạng đơn giản hơn so với khi tính qua mặt trung bình. Phương pháp Runge-Kutta với các điều kiện ban đầu của bài toán được áp dụng để phân tích đáp ứng chuyển vị của tấm dưới tác dụng của tải trọng động. Các ví dụ kiểm chứng cả về dao động riêng và đáp ứng động của tấm cho thấy độ tin cậy của mô hình áp dụng. Ảnh hưởng của các tham số vật liệu, và các tham số nền đàn hồi đến ứng xử dao động tấm được khảo sát qua các ví dụ số.
Phân tích dao động riêng của kết cấu tấm FGM có kích thước micro đặt trên nền đàn hồi
Authors: Lợi Nguyễn Văn , Hùng Đặng Xuân , Cường Đoàn Quốc
Published: October 2024

Bài báo xây dựng lời giải giải tích cho bài toán dao động riêng của tấm chữ nhật ở kích cỡ micro đặt trên nềnđàn hồi. Trong đó, tấm micro được làm từ vật liệu có cơ tính biến thiên – FGM (Functionally graded material), các đặc tính cơ học của vật liệu được tính toán dựa trên quy tắc hỗn hợp. Các phương trình chủ đạo của bài toán dao động riêng của tấm FGM kích cỡ micro (FGM micro) đặt trên nền đàn hồi Winkler-Pasternak được xâydựng dựa trên nguyên lý Hamilton, lý thuyết tấm cải tiến bốn ẩn, và lý thuyết cặp ứng suất hiệu chỉnh. Phương pháp Navier được sử dụng để xác định tần số dao động riêng của tấm FGM micro có biên tựa khớp trên chu vi. Kết quả số của bài toán tấm FGM micro được kiểm chứng với các nghiên cứu gần đây trên các tạp chí hiện hành. Sau đó, các khảo sát số được thực hiện để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các tham số vật liệu, hiệu ứng kích thước, kích thước hình học tấm và hệ số nền đàn hồi đến tần số dao động riêng của tấm FGM micro.
Phân tích tĩnh dầm cong sandwich FGM xốp đặt trên nền đàn hồi Winkler/Pasternak/Kerr
Authors: Thẩm Vũ Văn , Ngọc Vũ Minh , Khôi Phạm Trọng
Published: October 2024

Bài báo phân tích tĩnh dầm sandwich với lớp lõi bằng vật liệu xốp (porous), hai lớp bề mặt là vật liệu FGM đặt trên nền đàn hồi Winkler/Pasternak/Kerr. Ba quy luật phân bố lỗ rỗng của lớp lõi được xem xét bao gồm : phân bố đều, phân bố không đều đối xứng và phân bố không đều bất đối xứng. Hai lớp bề mặt có cơ tính biến thiên được giả thiết tuân theo quy luật lũy thừa. Các phương trình cân bằng của dầm được thiết lập trên cơ sở lý thuyết dầm bậc cao bốn ẩn chuyển vị có xét đến độ cong theo phương chiều cao dầm bằng nguyên lý Hamilton. Nghiệm giải tích cho bài toán phân tích tĩnh được xây dựng bằng cách sử dụng dạng nghiệm Navier. Độ tin cậy của mô hình và chương trình tính được kiểm chứng qua các ví dụ so sánh kết quả tính với các kết quả đã công bố. Các khảo sát số thực hiện nhằm đánh giá sự ảnh hưởng của kích thước hình học, đặc trưng vật liệu, nền đàn hồi đến độ võng và ứng suất của kết cấu dầm tổng thể.
Chẩn đoán vết nứt trong kết cấu tấm bê tông cốt thép sử dụng các đặc trưng dao động
Authors: Cao Lê Thanh , Sỹ Bạch Văn , Linh Phạm Bá , Diệu Nguyễn Hữu , Duy Hồ Đức
Published: October 2024

Bài báo này đề xuất ba phương pháp dựa vào sự thay đổi của các đặc trưng dao động, bao gồm: tần số dao động, dạng dao động và năng lượng biến dạng để xác định sự xuất hiện, vị trí và sự phát triển của vết nứt trong kết cấu sàn bê tông cốt thép. Các đặc trưng dao động của kết cấu tấm trước và sau khi xuất hiện hư hỏng được trích xuất từ kết quả phân tích dao động để làm dữ liệu đầu vào cho việc chẩn đoán hư hỏng. Một tấm sàn bê tông cốt thép được sử dụng để kiểm chứng hiệu quả của phương pháp đề xuất với nhiều cấp tải tác dụng khác nhau. Trong đó, ứng xử phi tuyến của vật liệu được kể đến trong quá trình phân tích hư hỏng của kết cấu. Kết quả chẩn đoán cho thấy tần số và dạng dao động có thể chẩn đoán được sự xuất hiện của hư hỏng trong kết cấu tấm bê tông cốt thép. Đáng chú ý, phương pháp năng lượng biến dạng xác định được sự xuất hiện cũng như vị trí hư hỏng ngay cả khi tấm làm việc sau giai đoạn đàn hồi với độ chính xác cao.
Xác định các thông số cơ bản của máy khuấy tạo bông bùn trong tổ hợp máy tách nước khỏi bùn đa đĩa
Authors: Dũng Cao Thành , Minh Phạm Văn , Thạch Lưu Đức , Nhất Đỗ Văn
Published: October 2024

Các thông số cơ bản của máy khuấy tạo bông bùn ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến năng suất khuấy và hiệu quả tạobông bùn phục vụ cho tổ hợp máy tách nước khỏi bùn sử dụng máy ép trục vít đa đĩa. Bài báo tập trung vàonghiên cứu cấu tạo và đặc điểm làm việc của máy khuấy tạo bông bùn, xây dựng các công thức xác định cácthông số cơ bản của máy khuấy. Sau đó mối quan hệ giữa các thông số cơ bản được khảo sát và được mô phỏng bằng các đồ thị như mối quan hệ giữa đường kính cánh khuấy với số vòng quay trục, bán kính tác dụng hiệu quả của cánh khuấy và thời gian khuấy, mối quan hệ lưu lượng với hệ số chênh lệch cột áp. Từ các đồ thị đó và điều kiện thực tế yêu cầu, các thông số cơ bản của máy khuấy tạo bông bùn được phân tích và xác định phù hợp. Đây là tiền đề cho việc thiết kế và chế tạo máy khuấy tạo bông bùn đảm bảo làm việc đồng bộ trong dây chuyền ép bùn thải đô thị.
Nghiên cứu đặc tính chất thải nhà tiêu khô hộ gia đình để định hướng giải pháp công nghệ xử lý, tái sử dụng an toàn trong nông nghiệp
Authors: Anh Đỗ Hồng
Published: October 2024

Chất thải từ con người là một trong những nguyên nhân chủ yếu gây ô nhiễm môi trường đất và nước do chứa lượng lớn vi sinh vật gây bệnh, bên cạnh đó nó cũng chứa một lượng lớn chất dinh dưỡng đặc biệt là phốt pho, kali và các vi chất khác, vì vậy đây là nguồn tài nguyên cần được tận dụng. Để đáp ứng phù hợp với tập quán tái sử dụng truyền thống, rút ngắn thời gian ủ phân hướng tới tái sử dụng an toàn phân bón trong nông nghiệp cần có những đánh giá lựa chọn các biện pháp phù hợp nhằm tăng cường hiệu quả xử lý (phân hủy chất hữu cơ, tiêu diệt mầm bệnh, …), trên cơ sở tận dụng và phát huy tối đa các giải pháp vệ sinh, tập quán sử dụng và bảo quản nhà tiêu, xử lý và tái sử dụng truyền thống.
Dynamics of air temperature changes in the atmospheric boundary layer during the solar eclipse of March 29, 2006
Authors: Bush G. А. , Elansky N. F. , Kadyrov Е. N. , Kulichkov S. N. , Chunchuzov I. P. , Prokosheva N. S.
Published: October 2024

The data of measurements of air temperature profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) during the total solar eclipse on March 29, 2006 in Kislovodsk and at the Kislovodsk High-Mountain Scientific Station (KVNS) on the central shadow line are presented. The solar eclipse lasted from 14:08 to 16:27 local time, the total phase of the eclipse began at 15:15 and lasted 2:32. In development of the results obtained by us in our previous work, we compared the data on air temperature profiles at two points, Kislovodsk and KVNS. The influence of local conditions has been studied. It was shown that local conditions significantly affect both the amplitude of atmospheric pressure pulsations caused by a solar eclipse and their phase, as well as the nature of the change in the spectral density of air temperature with height in the range of periods corresponding to the duration of the solar eclipse. Based on the measurements of temperature profiles, the fluctuations of the atmospheric pressure difference at the level of the earth’s surface and at a certain height, up to which the temperature profiles were measured equal to 600 m, were reconstructed, caused by a solar eclipse, in coordinates: height – time has different trajectories in the case of Kislovodsk and KVNS. The difference in the trajectories of air temperature minima in Kislovodsk and at the KVNS determines both different delays in pressure minima relative to the beginning of the eclipse and time delays between surface pressure fluctuations at observation points as a whole. Also, a new method is proposed for determining the speed of ascending air currents using data on the altitude dependence of the time of reaching a minimum in temporal temperature variations caused by a solar eclipse. The changes in the spectral density of air are compared with height, the amplitude of the reconstructed atmospheric pressure pulsations in Kislovodsk and at the KVNS, and the speed of ascending air currents.
Experimental study of the UV irradiation influence on the activation of dust particles of atmosphereless bodies regolith simulators
Authors: Kuznetsov I. А. , Shashkova I. А. , Lyash А. N. , Poroykov А. Yu. , Bednyakov S. А. , Kronrod Е. V. , Dolnikov G. G. , Dubov А. Е. , Voshchan О. N. , Abdelaal М. E. , Popel S. I. , Morozova Т. I. , Kartasheva А. А. , Stoliarenko P. V. , Tian Y. Y. , Zakharov А. V. , Zelenyi L. М.
Published: October 2024

The activity of dust particles on airless bodies has been recorded since the early automated missions to the Moon. Since then, numerous theoretical and experimental studies of this effect have been conducted, yet at present, there is no clear understanding of the influence of external factors on the dynamics of this phenomenon. Experimental work has been carried out to determine the contribution of hard UV radiation to the activity of dust particles. It has been shown that the impact of UV radiation significantly affects the dynamics of the particles. The results on determining the conditions for particle detachment from the surface are in line with theoretical calculations.
Hall effects and diamagnetic cavity collapse during a laser plasma cloud expands into a vacuum magnetic field
Authors: Chibranov А. А. , Shaikhislamov I. F. , Berezutskiy А. G. , Posukh V. G. , Trushin P. А. , Zakharov Yu. P. , Miroshnichenko I. B. , Rumenskikh М. S. , Terekhin V. А.
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the results of a laboratory experiment on the sub-Alfven expansion of a quasi-spherical laser plasma cloud into a vacuum magnetic field in the regime of nonmagnetized ions. The role of Hall fields and currents in the anomalously fast dynamics of the magnetic field during the collapse phase of a diamagnetic cavity is considered. Detailed spatial measurements of the azimuthal Hall fields configuration are demonstrated and their relationship to diamagnetic cavity collapse is determined. As a result of the experiment, data were obtained confirming the hypothesis about the transfer of the main magnetic field by the movement of electrons associated with Hall currents.
ЕКОНОМІЧНА СТІЙКІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЯК ОСНОВА СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ЗМІН
Authors: ХАХАЛЄВ Дмитро , ГАГАРІНОВ Олексій
Published: October 2024

У статті досліджено теоретичні та практичні аспекти економічної стійкості підприємств в умовах глобальних змін. Визначено ключові фактори, що впливають на здатність підприємств ефективно адаптуватися до економічних, екологічних та соціальних викликів сучасного світу. Проаналізовано існуючі підходи до оцінки економічної стійкості підприємств та запропоновано нові методики, які враховують вплив глобалізації, технологічних змін та нестабільності ринку.
Особливу увагу приділено взаємозв’язку економічної стабільності та сталого розвитку підприємств та ролі інновацій у забезпеченні їх конкурентоспроможності. У статті досліджуються шляхи впровадження стійких практик у стратегічне управління компаніями для підвищення їх довгострокової ефективності.
Запропоновано модель оцінки економічної стійкості підприємств, засновану на кількісних та якісних показниках, яка дозволяє врахувати специфіку діяльності в різних галузях економіки. Також проаналізовано практичні кейси компаній, які успішно реалізували стратегії підвищення стійкості в умовах невизначеності.
Слід зазначити, що в умовах зростання невизначеності та глобальних загроз підприємства повинні використовувати гнучкі та адаптивні моделі управління. У статті також підкреслюється важливість стратегічного планування, інновацій та партнерства зацікавлених сторін для досягнення сталого розвитку.
INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MODELS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND ADAPTATION OPPORTUNITIES IN UKRAINE
Authors: HUANG Bingru , Revenko Olena
Published: October 2024

In today's globalization and acceleration of technological changes, the agricultural sector is becoming an important platform for implementing innovative business models. Innovation is a key factor in increasing production efficiency, improving product quality, and reducing the negative impact on the environment.
International experience, particularly the experience of the United States of America (hereinafter—the USA) and the European Union (hereinafter—the EU), demonstrates significant success in using innovations in the agro-industrial complex. However, the issue of adapting these models to Ukraine's conditions remains open and requires a thorough analysis.
The article is devoted to considering the international experience of innovative business models in the agricultural sector and the possibility of its adaptation in Ukraine.
It was determined that adapting innovative business models in Ukraine's agricultural sector is a critically important step toward increasing Ukrainian agriculture's competitiveness on the world stage.
Business models in the agrarian sector of successful innovative international practices of the EU and the USA were analyzed to adapt them to Ukrainian conditions.
It has been established that Ukraine has significant potential for implementing innovative business models thanks to its natural resources and agricultural traditions. However, certain factors must be considered for their successful adaptation, such as infrastructural challenges, financial support and investments, human resources, legal regulation and policy, and circular economy.
It's been demonstrated that the introduction of international experience and technologies can optimize production, reduce costs, and enhance resilience to economic challenges. However, to successfully implement these models, it's crucial to address several internal barriers, such as imperfect infrastructure, insufficient investment, and a shortage of qualified personnel. Overcoming these barriers is a key step towards the successful adoption of innovative business models in the agricultural sector.
Attention was focused on the broad prospects for introducing innovations. Ukraine has every chance to become a leader in the region by using modern business models in the agricultural sector.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ В ІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИХ ОБ’ЄДНАННЯХ АКЦІОНЕРНИХ ТОВАРИСТВ
Authors: ФРАНКО Олександр
Published: October 2024

Метою статті є дослідження концепції формування системи корпоративного контролю в інтеграційних об’єднаннях акціонерних товариств, що дозволить забезпечити ефективність управління, прозорість рішень та мінімізацію ризиків для акціонерів. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на аналізі існуючих підходів до корпоративного управління, інтеграційних процесів, а також систематизації сучасних принципів контролю та управління ризиками.
Результати дослідження показали, що інтеграція акціонерних товариств у великі корпоративні структури дозволяє досягати синергії через інтеграцію фінансових, матеріальних і інтелектуальних ресурсів, що забезпечує підвищення ефективності корпоративного управління та довгостроковий розвиток компаній. Визначено, що інтеграційні об’єднання акціонерних товариств можна трактувати як специфічну форму корпоративної взаємодії акціонерних компаній. Ці об'єднання утворюють групу взаємопов'язаних акціонерних товариств, що працюють під єдиним управлінським центром. Їхня мета – досягнення синергетичного ефекту шляхом об’єднання фінансових, матеріальних та інтелектуальних ресурсів, що сприяє покращенню корпоративного управління, розширенню ринків збуту та забезпеченню сталого й довготривалого розвитку компаній-учасників.
Наукова новизна полягає у визначенні ключових принципів та складових системи корпоративного контролю для інтеграційних об'єднань, серед яких стратегічний, фінансовий, операційний контроль, а також автоматизація та діджиталізація контролю.
Практична значущість дослідження полягає в тому, що розроблена система корпоративного контролю сприяє стійкості та ефективності інтеграційних об’єднань акціонерних товариств, підвищуючи прозорість рішень і захист прав акціонерів. Перспективи подальших досліджень включають вдосконалення методів управління ризиками та інтеграції інновацій у систему контролю в умовах динамічного ринкового середовища.
ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНІ МОДЕЛІ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ РОЗМІРІВ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: ГУТОРОВ Андрій , ГУТОРОВА Олена
Published: October 2024

Метою статті є побудова стохастичної економіко-математичної моделі визначення раціональних розмірів сільськогосподарських підприємств. Показано, що умовах цифровізації, методологічною основою для раціоналізації розмірів сільськогосподарських підприємств є економіко-математичні моделі, які дають змогу не лише змоделювати вплив факторів, а й визначити найбільш оптимальне їх поєднання для конкретних умов господарювання, форм власності. Встановлено, що більшість досліджень зосереджені переважно на моделюванні раціональної організації землекористування, оптимізації розмірів і структури посівних площ, факторному аналізі концентрації, у т.ч. з використанням виробничих функцій, чи порівняльному і DEA-аналізі ефективності різних за розмірами сільськогосподарських підприємств. Підтверджено, що визначення раціональних розмірів сільськогосподарських підприємств необхідно проводити за результатами їх розподілу за типами спеціалізації та на основі комплексної економічної, екологічної і соціальної оцінки результатів господарської діяльності. Ефект масштабу виробництва в сільському господарстві є динамічною величиною, оскільки для кожного окремого періоду часу існує максимально можливий (граничний) обсяг виробництва продукції, якого можна досягти при цих затратах факторів виробництва. Обґрунтовано, що методологія стохастичного граничного аналізу є дієвим інструментом оптимізації розмірів сільськогосподарських підприємств, дозволяє враховувати як основні фактори виробництва, так і включати до моделі стохастичні фіктивні змінні. Базуючись на фактичних даних щодо результатів господарської діяльності підприємств, стохастичний граничний аналіз дає змогу оцінити досягнутий рівень виробництва та здійснити оптимізаційні розрахунки з урахуванням кращого з варіантів розвитку господарської системи. Доведено, що для підвищення надійності отриманих результатів, узагальнення передового досвіду сільськогосподарського виробництва доцільним є використання методу аналізу оболонки даних на основі моделей супер-ефективності і алгоритму відбору передових господарств, який базується на знаходженні перетину множин сільгосппідприємств за DEA-моделями з постійним та змінним ефектом від масштабу незалежно від їх орієнтації.
Effect of The Temperature on The Size of Inhibition Zone of the Clindamycin, Levofloxacin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
Authors: Sistiyono Sistiyono , Martsiningsih Marta Atik , Kasiyati Menik , Rahayu Muji , Pudyastuti Rita Rena , Suyana Suyana , Rahmawati Ully , Rahmad  , Faruq Zulfikar Husni , Setiawan Budi
Published: October 2024

Antibiotic sensitivity should be tested. In the sensitivity test, there are technical factors that influence the formation of the inhibition zone diameter. Based on several research one of the technical factors that affect the diameter of the inhibition in the disc diffusion method is the temperature incubation of the media, this must be examined so that it can be controlled to ensure the validity of the sensitivity test results. This study aims to determine the mean, difference, and analyze the diameter of the inhibition zone of the antibiotics namely Clindamycin, Levofloxacin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim against Staphylococcus aureus on Mueller-Hinton agar media with incubation temperatures of 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C and 37°C for 18 hours. This research is observational, with a cross-sectional design. The data used are primary data with 100 data on the diameter of the antibiotic inhibition zone, obtained by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone with different incubation temperatures. The selection of antibiotics is based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics inhibiting bacteria namely, the cell wall or membranes that surrounds the bacterial cell; the machineries that make the nucleic acids DNA and RNA and the machinery that produce proteins (the ribosome and associated proteins) with a range of inhibition zones based on Internal Quality Control CLSI. The data will be processed univariately and the Repeated Measure statistical test to determine the significance of the difference in the diameter of the formed inhibition zone using the ANOVA test. The results of the measurement of the inhibition zone diameter on the incubation temperature variation showed a significant difference with p-value 0.000 for Levofloxacin, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim, while for p-value Clindamycin is 0.010. Levofloxacin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim antibiotics, the higher the incubation temperature, the average diameter of the inhibition zone is smaller, while for Clindamycin the higher the incubation temperature, the higher the average diameter of the inhibition zone is the same. There is an effect of incubation temperature volume on the diameter of the antibiotic inhibition zone in the disc diffusion method antibiotic sensitivity test. The research indicates that incubation temperature affects the diameter of the antibiotic inhibition zone in disc diffusion tests, underscoring the need for standardized and precise testing conditions to ensure accurate and reliable antibiotic sensitivity results.
The Effect of Sub-Acute Inhalation Exposure to Polyethylene and Polyvinyl Chloride Micro-Nano Plastics on the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Level and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level in Rat Ovary
Authors: Sulistomo Hikmawan Wahyu , Janasti Laksmitha , Sari Riana Trinovita , Kusworini Kusworini , Ratnaningrum Safrina Dewi , Kusuma Ihda Dian , Nurdiana Nurdiana
Published: October 2024

Plastic is a synthetic or semi-synthetic organic polymer that is widely used in daily life and in industrial production. Microplastics are widespread contaminants and can enter the human body through the consumption of foods containing microplastics, inhalation of microplastics in the air, and skin contact with microplastic particles present in products. Microplastics can enter the ovaries as foreign bodies and can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and even ovarian granulosa cell death. Polyethylene plastic shards generally have a higher ability to absorb environmental toxins than other types of plastic. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the oldest thermoplastic polymers that is often used as water pipes. PVC has carcinogenic monomers and some harmful additives. This study aims to determine the effect of subacute exposure to micro-nanoplastics per inhalation on SOD and MDA levels in rat ovaries. The research method used is a true experimental design with a Randomize Post Test Only Group Design research design. This study used the ovarian organs of female white rats that had been exposed to PVC and PE for 28 days. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 18 female rats. Subacute exposure to micro-nanoplastics per inhalation can lower SOD levels and significantly increase MDA levels in rat ovaries. This study is expected to provide knowledge and an overview for future research on the mechanism of toxicity of micro-nanoplastic exposure that has an impact on female infertility through free radicals in the ovaries.
The Potential of Some Bacteria for Fuel Residue Removal From Dora Refinery Remnants
Authors: Nayyef Raad Abdul Hadi
Published: October 2024

The study investigated the effect of two types of microorganisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were diagnosed after being isolated from contaminated soils in Al-Dora refinery. The experiment continued for seven days where tests were implemented on the 1, 3, 5, and 17 days in addition to the control sample to study. The abilities of these bacteria in the treatment of oil compounds and the efficiency of these types of bacteria were studied in the removal and decomposition of these contaminants. P. aeruginosa bacteria were efficient in reducing the value of hydrocarbons in the medium with 65.48% and the lowest efficiency of K. pneumoniae was 52.41%. P. aeruginosa showed their ability to reduce electrical conductivity at 61.10%, reduce biomass at 72.81% and reduce salinity at 62.9%. While K. pneumoniae proved a decrease in the value of hydrocarbons at 52.41%, electrical conductivity at 35.5%, biomass at 60.02%, and salinity at 50.05%. The conclusion proved that P. aeruginosa bacteria are more efficient than K. pneumoniae bacteria in breaking and removing pollutants. This indicates the possibility of using microorganisms of various types to treat and remove much of the waste of laboratories and factories in the future.
Environmental Implications of Sculpture Landscape in Ancient Cities with Reference to Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwurah Gladys Ogochukwu , Maryclara Aguome Njideka , Nwafor Ifeanyichukwu , Ubaka Azani Nwabukwu , Evangeline Aso Nkiruka , Enoguanbhor Evidence Chinedu , Ugwu Dubem
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to examine the environmental implications of landscape sculptures in Enugu, with the objective of examining the historical record and awareness of the cultural connotation of Landscape sculptures to the city development. Based on a qualitative approach, this study examines six landscape sculptures situated in the central business district of the city. The study employs mainly the primary sources of data which include; site visits and interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data such as Archives and internet search engines. Using a purposive and simple random sampling technique, a sample size of 60 community elders and youth were interviewed through focus group discussion (FGD), and oral interview with the aid of a questionnaire. Data were qualitative and quantitative analysed. Findings identified six major landscape sculptures without and with cultural connotations; the Otigba Statue, the White Lion statue, and the status of Park Lane hospital, while others; were sculptures of the three wise monkeys, coal miners, and Edward Anike statue. Findings discovered that more than 90% of the youth are not aware of the historic record and connotation of the landscape sculptures in the city. Keys findings show non-marketable values of environmental implication. The Chi-square result (X2 = P-Sig > 0.05) shows that the environmental implications of the sculpture landscape have no statistical relationship to the economic value of city development, but the non-marketable values show a positive implication of environmental and social implications to city development. The study suggests public enlightenment to enhance landscape sculpture preservation. Further examination of landscape sculpture preservation techniques should be considered for sustainable city development.
Relationship Between Greenhouse Gases Emissions with Some Meteorological Variables Over Baghdad City
Authors: Abd Al Rukabie Jamal S. , Abbood Zainab M. , Mahmood Dalia A. , Al-Taai Osama T.
Published: October 2024

When infrared radiation from the earth is emitted and back to it, the gases known as greenhouse gases can absorb this entire thermal energy, which is what causes global warming. In addition to other gases including those present on the surface of the ozone layer, nitrous oxides, and fluorinated gases, water vapour is one of the most significant greenhouse gases, albeit its impact is less. Although it is a straightforward type of atmospheric gas, greenhouse gases have a huge impact on the planet’s energy system and have been implicated in significant global climate change. The methods used in the study depend on the daily and monthly average CH4, H2O, N2O, CO2 and temperature (T) and Dewpoint temperature (Td) and relative humidity (RH) taken from the European Mediterranean Weather Forecast (ECMWF) during the year (2021) for the Baghdad region. As a result, in the Statistical analysis of air pollutants, carbon dioxide gas represents the highest correlation with heat, and this leads to high global warming, followed by ozone, methane, and water vapour.
Comparisons of Different Cluster Analysis Methods with Application to Mizoram Rainfall Data
Authors: Thangmawia L. , Lalpawimawha  , Vanlalhriatsaka  , Kumar Anupam , Thanhmingliana  , Zoramthanga R. , Ranjan Mukesh , Denghmingliani  , Duhawma L.P. , Zothanpuia
Published: October 2024

Analysing rainfall patterns in Mizoram from 1998 to 2017 reveals diverse trends. The highest average rainfall occurred in 2004, reaching 292.8 mm, while 2014 marked the lowest at 151.77 mm. Siaha District experienced the highest average rainfall (3020.2 mm), while Champhai District had the lowest (1663 mm). In 2017, the Kendall method showed correlations between temperature and relative humidity, rainfall and relative humidity, but not between rainfall and temperature. Cluster analysis, a technique partitioning datasets into cohesive groups, was applied to Mizoram’s district-wise rainfall data using single, complete, and average linkage methods. The Single Linkage Method formed one large cluster with under 26% similarity and the shortest distances between data points. The complete linkage method divided districts into two clusters with under 26% similarity and maximal inter-cluster distance. The Average Linkage Method merged all districts into one cluster with under 26% similarity and minimised inter-cluster distances. Comparing the techniques, Single and Complete Linkage Methods proved most effective for Mizoram’s district-wise rainfall data. With only eight districts, forming additional clusters remained limited. This analysis highlights the significance of rainfall patterns in agricultural ecosystems and the utility of statistical methodologies like cluster analysis in understanding long-term trends.
Past, Present, and Future of Liver-Brain Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Liu Xin Lian , Yeerlan Jianishaya , Liu Zhirong , Bai Yang , Wang Qin , Yan YiRui , Xu LuKe , Jia Cui , Zhang LuShun
Published: October 2024

Background: No effective drugs currently exist to cure Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to its complexity and the lack of understanding of the involved molecular signaling and pathways. The relationship between liver health and AD is now widely recognized. Still, molecular links and shared pathways between the liver and brain remain unclear, making the liver-brain axis in AD therapies a new area for exploration. However, bibliometric studies on this topic are lacking. Objective: This study aims to review the liver-brain axis in AD and identify future research hotspots and trends through bibliometric analysis. Methods: Articles and reviews related to AD and liver and its related diseases were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database up to 2024. Data were processed and visually analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Pajek. Results: We collected 1,777 articles on AD and liver and its related diseases from 2,517 institutions across 80 countries. Keyword cluster analysis identified 11 clusters, with ‘insulin resistance,’ ‘amyloid-beta,’ ‘apolipoprotein-E,’ ‘oxidative stress,’ and ‘inflammation’ appearing most frequently, and exhibiting strong total link strength. These results indicate that these topics have been the primary focus of research on the liver-brain axis in AD. Conclusions: This study is the first to comprehensively analyze the liver-brain axis in AD using bibliometric methods. The research results identify recent research frontiers and hotspots, aiding scholars in gaining a deeper understanding of the correlation between AD and the liver.
Non-Kerr Law Medium: Optical Solitons and their Perturbation
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Javaid , Javaid Farah
Published: October 2024

This investigation focuses on the perturbation analysis of optical solitons within a medium in accordance with the non-Kerr law. In the field of partial differential equations, generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation (GNLSE) is an integrable nonlinear equation. In the non-Kerr law non-linear medium, GNLSE is utilized for doing an analytical analysis of soliton perturbations as well as the soliton itself. In case of non-Kerr law instance, the application of quasi-stationarity results in a soliton that is very close to being approximated. Several edge scenarios of nonlinearity that vary from the Kerr law remain the primary focus of the current study. Although it was found that a disturbance of the nonlinear damping kind remains present, equations can be solved to find solutions. Consequently, GNLSE cannot be integrated because of the presence of higher-order dispersion.
Cultivation, Identification, and Parameter Optimization of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) in Primary Culture
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Naqeeb Ur Rehman , Qayyum Mazhar , Riaz Aayesha , Qureshi Muhammad Anees Ur Rehman , Rasool Atta , Kanwal Maria
Published: October 2024

Chicken eggs have frequently been used as research models for pathogenic disease processes and human research biology. The inflammatory responses and immune suppressions significantly influence the growth of chicken embryo fibroblasts’s (CEFs) growth. In the current study, CEFs were isolated, grown and effect of temperature, serum, incubation, and viral growth were examined. An inverted microscope confirmed morphological features and spindle shape CEFs. It was revealed that 37 ºC temperature, 24-48 h incubation time, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) solution are best optimal conditions for cultivation of CEFs. Viral growth was more prominent with an increase in incubation time span. Haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays confirmed 1024 virus counts and 6 titer of blood. The current study is a contribution to the literature that could be explored to model a platform for the development of viral vaccines by using CEFs cultures.
Effectiveness of Bobath Technique on Walking Speed and Balance in Hemiplegic Patients: A Review
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Tiwari Madhusudan
Published: October 2024

Worldwide, stroke is the largest cause of disability, affecting walking speed and balance, especially in hemiplegics. Bobath, or Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT), is a specialist physiotherapy method that improves motor control and movement patterns for motor deficits. Given the prevalence of stroke and the importance of rehabilitation in recovery, the Bobath technique's ability to improve walking speed and balance, which are crucial to stroke survivors' functional independence, must be assessed.
Methods: This Review examined how the Bobath method affected walking speed and balance in hemiplegic individuals. A total of 15 studies were evaluated. Most of studies uses 2 groups The Bobath group received three-times-weekly motor function and balance training for 12 weeks Data was collected at Baseline, 6-week, and 12-week.
Aim: This research focused on to review whether the Bobath approach improved walking speed and balance in hemiplegic patients.
Results: The research revealed a substantial improvement in walking speed using the Bobath approach, with a mean increase of 0.25 meters per second compared to 0.10 meters per second in the control group (p < 0.05). Significant balance improvements were seen in the Bobath group, with a mean gain of 10 points on the Berg Balance Scale and 5 cm on the Functional Reach Test, compared to 4 points and 2 centimetres in the control group (p < 0.05). The Bobath approach improved walking speed and balance no more than traditional physiotherapy.
Conclusion: This research found that Bobath improves walking speed and balance in hemiplegics no more than traditional physiotherapy. These findings suggest that stroke therapy programs using the Bobath technique may improve functional outcomes. To validate these results and investigate the Bobath technique's long-term stroke healing advantages, bigger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed.
Keyword: - Bobath concept, stroke, hemiplegia, rehabilitation.
The effect of educational intervention on the level of knowledge and comfort of nurses in heart failure self-care training: A quasi-experimental study
Authors:   Department of Critical Care Nursing, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mehdipour Laila , Shabani Fidan ,   Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Naderi Nasim ,   Fellowship in Heart Failure and Transplantation Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Sheikh Fathollahi Mahmood ,   Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Movahedimoghadam Farideh ,   Department of Critical Care Nursing, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to determine the effect of educational intervention on the level of knowledge and comfort of nurses in heart failure (HF) self-care training. This quasi-experimental study, lacking a control group, was conducted in 2021 with 102 nurses working in the coronary care unit at Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. The nurses were divided into four groups of 20 and one group of 22, participating in a 2.5-hour online training session. A pre-test was administered two weeks before the training, and a post-test was conducted four weeks after the training, using completed questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 software, employing paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance. Before the training, the average knowledge score was 12.05 (standard deviation [SD]=2.23), and the average comfort score was 22.84 (SD=5.09). Following the training, the average knowledge score increased to 17.90 (SD=1.05), and the average comfort score rose to 31.05 (SD=2.14). The mean nurses' knowledge and comfort scores showed a significant increase after the educational intervention (P<0.001). The findings indicated that the educational intervention effectively enhanced nurses' knowledge of HF self-care training and increased their comfort levels in teaching patients.