bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher mentoring and the reflective practitioner approach
Authors: Tonna Michelle Attard , Bjerkholt Eva , Holland Eimear
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on reflective mentoring practices. Teacher mentors are widely known to be an important catalyst for reflection. Through dialogue and professional conversations, teacher mentors can help their mentees to improve their teaching performance by facilitating their discussion of the praxis from different perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative mixed methods study is based on three separate studies from the Republic of Ireland, Malta and Norway involving: mentors of undergraduate student-teachers (U-M,n: 37); mentors of newly qualified teachers (NQT-M,n: 4); student-teachers (ST,n: 16); NQT,n: 8; and university tutors (UT,n: 8). In each study, mentors were provided with varying degrees of education on facilitating critical reflection for mentees. This study sought to draw out what reflective practices were being employed in mentoring across European contexts and what perceived impact they had. A cross-case analysis of data across the three countries was conducted using coding and constant comparison. Triangulation of data was employed across not only cases, but also across multiple methods data sets and across participant types.

Findings

All three studies reveal that mentoring approaches aiming to promote critical reflection have to be based on a developmental approach towards mentoring. They also have to challenge traditional hierarchical relationships and involve a commitment to collaborative, inquiry-oriented approaches towards mentoring.

Research limitations/implications

By bringing different studies of reflection in mentoring practices together, it is possible to gain new knowledge on mentoring in teacher education. However, being a cross-country, cross-context and cross-cultural approach in itself contains certain restrictions.

Originality/value

The authors of this paper propose that professional forms of inquiry depend on the type of relationship and collaboration forged between the teacher mentor and mentee. A cross-case analysis approach provided evidence of reflective practice, which is common across three European countries and offers a snapshot of trends.
Mentoring beginning teachers: professional learning for mentees and mentors
Authors: Shanks Rachel
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce this special issue focussing on the mentoring of beginning teachers which supports the professional learning of not only mentees but also mentors. The paper identifies the varied aims of beginning teacher mentoring programmes, some of the reasons for mentoring and an introduction to the six research papers published in the issue.

Design/methodology/approach

The papers in this issue examine different perspectives relating to the mentoring of student teachers and newly qualified teachers (NQTs). Different types of mentoring relationships are examined in various international contexts. The research, from Australia, the Republic of Ireland, Malta, Norway, Scotland, the USA and Wales, addresses the challenges that can occur in mentoring relationships, and enables us to better understand the professional learning that takes place in successful mentoring relationships.

Findings

The authors of the papers delineate how critical reflective practice, inquiry into professional practice, collaboration and professional learning for both mentees and mentors are key aims for many mentoring programmes. The six studies used different methods to investigate external and/or school-based mentoring programmes for student teachers and NQTs.

Research limitations/implications

A snapshot of current research into professional learning is provided with most studies being small qualitative ones. However, common themes can be identified across countries and contexts. The authors of each paper outline the implications for teacher education for their own contexts, as well as for international contexts.

Originality/value

Teacher education programmes employ mentoring pairs and triads in order to develop particular traits and reflective practices in teachers. Research shows how mentor programmes provide classroom experience and professional learning for student and NQTs as well as professional learning for teacher mentors. University tutors play a key role in supporting not only the mentees and mentors but also the mentoring relationship.
A multidimensional service-value scale based on Holbrook’s typology of customer value
Authors: Gallarza Martina G. , Arteaga Francisco , Del Chiappa Giacomo , Gil-Saura Irene , Holbrook Morris B.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

In the fertile line of research on consumer value from the services literature, a gap exists between theoretical and empirical knowledge, in particular regarding Holbrook’s conceptual value framework. The purpose of this paper is to find construct validity for a multidimensional value scale based on Holbrook’s proposal.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a literature review, a qualitative phase, and consultation with an expert, eight value scales (efficiency, service quality, play, aesthetics, status, esteem, ethics, and escapism as an adaptation of spirituality) are tested on a sample of 585 hotel customers and are further analyzed with simple and partial correlations, multiple regressions, and structural modeling.

Findings

Following the literature on the merits of Holbrook’s value typology, results are presented in three concatenated phases: validation of Holbrook’s eight value scales corresponding to his eight value types; interrelationships between these value types showing a predominance of the extrinsic-intrinsic and self-other dimensions; and construction of six indices based on the 2×2×2 matrix (self, other, extrinsic, intrinsic, active, and reactive) and a value index as a higher-order representation. The results support Holbrook’s typology, thereby supporting construct validity for the multidimensional scales.

Research limitations/implications

Implications for further conceptual research on value are presented. Meanwhile, the empirical study is context-specific, i.e. related to a hospitality experience.

Originality/value

Although Holbrook’s typology has gained widespread attention, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has tested all eight value types simultaneously in the same empirical work.
Embarrassed customers: the dark side of receiving help from others
Authors: Kim Seo Young , Yi Youjae
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that customer engagement behavior may not always be a positive experience for customers. Specifically, the paper examines the effect of sources of help (employee vs customer) on customer satisfaction, and the underlying mechanism behind such an effect.

Design/methodology/approach

Three studies were conducted to test the hypotheses, and bootstrapping was used to analyze the proposed mediation and moderation models.

Findings

The results from the studies demonstrated the effect of sources of help (employee vs customer) on customer satisfaction. Specifically, compared to those who have received help from employees, customers who have received help from other customers showed lower satisfaction toward the firm. The relationship between sources of help and satisfaction was mediated by an affective factor, embarrassment, and a cognitive factor, altruistic motivation. In addition, the relationship between embarrassment and satisfaction was moderated by concern for face.

Practical implications

Firms should devote more resources toward minimizing customers’ embarrassment during service encounters and demonstrate altruistic motivation to provide voluntary help to lead customers to reciprocate helping.

Originality/value

The current research provides a new perspective on customer engagement behavior during service encounters. This research highlights the negative outcomes of receiving help from other customers.
Differential demographic filtering by surface fires: How fuel type and fuel load affect sapling mortality of an obligate seeder savanna tree
Authors: Bowman David M. J. S. , Haverkamp Cédric , Rann Karl D. , Prior Lynda D.
Published: July 2017

We studied the effects of fuel type, fuel load and their associated flammability attributes on growth and survival of Callitris intratropica saplings. Callitris intratropica is a fire‐sensitive conifer that is widespread across northern Australia, but its range is contracting because of frequent and intense fires.

A small‐scale field experiment was used to compare the effect of three fuel types (grass, eucalypt litter and C. intratropica litter), and a mix of grass and eucalypt litter by varying fuel loads within their naturally occurring bounds, and measuring multiple flammability attributes.

Fuel type had the strongest influence on flammability attributes and hence sapling survival. Grass burnt rapidly, producing high temperatures, while duration of flaming was longer for eucalypt litter. Grass–eucalypt litter mixtures had flammability attributes more like grass, while C. intratropica litter was difficult to burn. Fuel load had a secondary effect, with strong interactions between fuel type and load.

Differences in sapling survival could be attributed to temperatures at 5 cm height; there was no additional effect of fuel type or canopy temperature. Sapling size variables were also important, and strongly correlated with bark thickness, so we could not identify the protective mechanism.

Synthesis. Mortality of Callitris intratropica saplings was consistent with damage to the lower stem, because of the direct relationship with temperatures at 5 cm height. Our results demonstrate the existence of a grass–fire cycle in C. intratropica stands, whereby hot fires damage the stands and allow grass to invade, increasing the stand ignitability and combustibility and promoting further fires. Interrupting this cycle by reducing grass fuel loads and hence the frequency of hot fires should therefore be a management priority to safeguard C. intratropica populations. Our findings also highlight that, under a common climate, vegetation type can shape fire regimes, because fuel type strongly influences flammability attributes, which in turn act as a powerful filter of plant populations.
Feasibility of using self‐reported ethnicity in pregnancy according to the gestation‐related optimal weight classification: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lockie E , McCarthy EA , Hui L , Churilov L , Walker SP
Published: July 2017

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of self‐reported ethnicity using the gestation‐related optimal growth (GROW) classification in a contemporary multicultural antenatal population.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary obstetric hospital in Melbourne, Australia.

Population

Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic.

Methods

We surveyed pregnant women during April–June 2016 regarding their understanding of the term ‘ethnicity’, and how they would classify the ethnicity of themselves, their partner, and family members according to the Australian GROW classification.

Results

Two hundred and thirty‐five women completed the survey. When describing ‘ethnicity’, most women (103, 44%) chose multiple descriptors, most frequently country of birth (54%) and region of ancestry (47%). Interpretation of ‘ethnicity’ varied significantly between ethnic groups: those choosing ‘country of birth’ were more likely to identify as Indian (odds ratio, OR 3.5, P = 0.03), whereas those choosing ‘physical appearance’ were more likely to identify as Chinese (OR 3.0, P = 0.047). Thirty participants (13%) were unable to describe their ethnicity from the available GROW options. Sixty‐one (26%) respondents' ethnicity was inconsistent with that of their parents' heritage. A further 35% had a partner of different ethnicity. The agreement between country of birth and self‐reported ethnicity was only fair (kappa 0.73, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.64–0.82).

Conclusion

This study confirms the complexity of defining ethnicity in contemporary multicultural settings. Self‐reported ethnicity is often inaccurate, concepts of ethnicity vary by ethnic group, and country of birth is a poor descriptive surrogate. Adjustment for maternal ethnicity should be undertaken with caution in the customised assessment of fetal growth.

Tweetable abstract

Is self‐reported maternal ethnicity reliable? We think not.
Isolation and characterization of metaldehyde‐degrading bacteria from domestic soils
Authors: Thomas John C. , Helgason Thorunn , Sinclair Chris J. , Moir James W. B.
Published: July 2017

Metaldehyde is a common molluscicide, used to control slugs in agriculture and horticulture. It is resistant to breakdown by current water treatment processes, and its accumulation in drinking water sources leads to regular regulatory failures in drinking water quality. To address this problem, we isolated metaldehyde‐degrading microbes from domestic soils. Two distinct bacterial isolates were cultured, that were able to grow prototrophically using metaldehyde as sole carbon and energy source. One isolate belonged to the genus Acinetobacter (strain designation E1) and the other isolate belonged to the genus Variovorax (strain designation E3). Acinetobacter E1 was able to degrade metaldehyde to a residual concentration < 1 nM, whereas closely related Acinetobacter strains were completely unable to degrade metaldehyde. Variovorax E3 grew and degraded metaldehyde more slowly than Acinetobacter E1, and residual metaldehyde remained at the end of growth of the Variovorax E3 strain. Biological degradation of metaldehyde using these bacterial strains or approaches that allow in situ amplification of metaldehyde‐degrading bacteria may represent a way forward for dealing with metaldehyde contamination in soils and water.
Melanocytic lesion evolution patterns with targeted therapies and immunotherapies for advanced metastatic melanoma: An observational study
Authors: Zhao Cathy Yunjia , Hwang Shelley Ji Eun , Wakade Deepal , Carlos Giuliana , Anforth Rachael , Fernández‐Peñas Pablo
Published: July 2017

Background/Objectives

Various cutaneous side‐effects have been reported with anti‐melanoma systemic therapies. This study investigated the changes in melanocytic lesion pigmentation in patients on four different therapies.

Methods

We analysed the serial dermatoscopic photographs of atypical melanocytic lesions taken from patients with advanced metastatic melanoma on four different systemic therapies (selective BRAF‐inhibitor monotherapy, dabrafenib combined with trametinib [D&T], anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 [anti‐PD1] therapies, and anti‐PD1 combined with ipilimumab) seen from February 2013 to May 2016. We compared these changes with the melanocytic lesions of 10 control patients.

Results

In the control group, 19% of naevi lightened, 64% did not change and 17% darkened. Only the BRAF inhibitor group showed more darkened lesions than controls (37%, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, there were more lightened naevi in the D&T therapy group (86%, P < 0.001) as well as the anti‐PD1 and ipilimumab groups (59%, P < 0.001) than controls. Patients on anti‐PD1 monotherapy had more lightened (49%) and fewer darkened naevi (9%) than controls, but differences were not significant.

Conclusions

Our study showed that different anti‐melanoma systemic therapies have different effects on the pigmentation of melanocytic lesions. BRAF inhibitor may have the propensity to cause darkening while D&T therapy and anti‐PD1 caused lightening compared with controls. The findings emphasise the importance of regular dermatological monitoring in specialised clinics for patients on anti‐melanoma systemic therapy. Clinicians should expect changes in the global pigmentation of melanocytic lesions but be suspicious of lesions with structural changes.
Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder require specific support from healthcare professionals
Authors: Lindblad Ida , Engström Ann‐Charlotte , Nylander Charlotte , Fernell Elisabeth
Published: July 2017

Aim

Managing type 1 diabetes mellitus requires efficient cognitive and executive skills, and adolescents who have attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may face specific challenges. This study explored young people′s experiences of diabetes treatment and care.

Method

In a population‐based study, comprising 175 patients aged 5–16 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus in two Swedish counties, we found that eight also met criteria for ADHD. Six of these, aged 14.5–16 years, participated 2013–2014 in interviews that targeted aspects of their diabetes treatment. Conducted by two psychologists, these used the inductive qualitative, semi‐structured interview format.

Results

The two boys and four girls all reported difficulties in creating routines for their diabetes treatment and that problems were aggravated during stress. They had been criticised by their parents and the diabetes team when their blood levels indicated inadequate diabetes control. They requested ongoing information, involvement of their friends, group meetings and easy access to the healthcare system during difficult times.

Conclusion

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and concomitant ADHD faced problems with their diabetes management, especially during stressful situations. Diabetes care provision should pay particular attention to patients with co‐existing neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD.
Two cases of early recurrence after transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Yaguchi Yoshihisa , Inaba Tsuyoshi , Kumata Yoshimasa , Horikawa Masahiro , Kiyokawa Takashi , Fukushima Ryoji
Published: July 2017

We performed transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in 46 patients (58 diseases), two of whom experienced early recurrence after mesh repair. Case 1 was a 76‐year‐old man with a bilateral inguinal hernia (recurrence site, left indirect hernia) after appendectomy. The recurrence occurred 1 month after transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. The mesh was dislocated to the lateral side, and we repaired it using the direct Kugel® patch with an anterior technique. Case 2 was a 79‐year‐old man with a bilateral inguinal hernia (recurrence site, right direct hernia with an orifice >3 cm) after appendectomy. The recurrence occurred 3 months after transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. The mesh was dislocated to the lateral side, and we repaired it using an ULTRAPRO® Plug with an anterior technique under laparoscopic observation. We believe the recurrences resulted from insufficient internal exfoliation and fixation affected by complicated exfoliation of the preperitoneal space with omental adhesion after intraperitoneal surgery.
Redundant and regulatory roles for Toll-like receptors inLeishmaniainfection
Authors: Chauhan P , Shukla D , Chattopadhyay D , Saha B
Published: July 2017

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded, non-clonal innate immune receptors, which are often the first receptors to recognize the molecular patterns on pathogens. Therefore, the immune response initiated by TLRs has far-reaching consequences on the outcome of an infection. As soon as the cell surface TLRs and other receptors recognize a pathogen, the pathogen is phagocytosed. Inclusion of TLRs in the phagosome results in quicker phagosomal maturation and stronger adaptive immune response, as TLRs influence co-stimulatory molecule expression and determinant selection by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and MHC class I for cross-presentation. The signals delivered by the TCR–peptide–MHC complex and co-stimulatory molecules are indispensable for optimal T cell activation. In addition, the cytokines induced by TLRs can skew the differentiation of activated T cells to different effector T cell subsets. However, the potential of TLRs to influence adaptive immune response into different patterns is severely restricted by multiple factors: gross specificity for the molecular patterns, lack of receptor rearrangements, sharing of limited number of adaptors that assemble signalling complexes and redundancy in ligand recognition. These features of apparent redundancy and regulation in the functioning of TLRs characterize them as important and probable contributory factors in the resistance or susceptibility to an infection.
The associations of large‐for‐gestational‐age and infant feeding practices with children's body mass index z‐score trajectories: the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort
Authors: Salahuddin M. , Pérez A. , Ranjit N. , Hoelscher D. M. , Kelder S. H.
Published: July 2017

Very few studies have examined if high birth weight and infant feeding practices have implications for the trajectory of body mass index (BMI) growth across the early childhood period. The goal of this study was to assess if large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) and infant feeding practices (exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, and early introduction of complementary food prior to 4 months) are associated with BMI z‐score trajectories over the early childhood period. Group‐based trajectory modelling (GBTM) methods were employed to describe and classify developmental BMI z‐score trajectories (the outcome of interest) in children from 9 months to 4 years of age (n = 4497) born to prenatal non‐smoking mothers in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (2001–2005). Further analyses examined if the identified BMI z‐score trajectories varied systematically with the exposures, LGA and specific infant feeding practices, after accounting for sociodemographic and other early‐life factors. Two BMI z‐score trajectory groups were identified: normal BMI z‐score (56.2%) and high BMI z‐score (43.8%). Children who were LGA infants had 2.3 times (risk ratio 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 4.5) greater risk of being in high BMI z‐score group relative to normal BMI z‐score group. BMI z‐score trajectory groups did not differ by infant feeding practices, after controlling for LGA at birth. Membership in the high BMI z‐score group was associated with LGA, but not with infant feeding practices. Healthcare professionals should provide early obesity counselling to parents of LGA infants so that parents can take appropriate obesity prevention measures for their children.
Analysis of the correlation between knee extension torque and patellar tendon elastic property
Authors: Mannarino P. , Lima K. M. M. , Fontenelle C. R. C. , Matta T. T. , de Salles B. F. , Simão R. , Oliveira L. F.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Quadriceps strength and patellar tendon (PT) are directly linked and intimately related to daily activities and lower limb function. However, the correlation between knee extension torque (KT) and PT Young's modulus (E) measured directly is still unknown.

Method

We used supersonic shearwave imaging (SSI) to evaluate the elastic property of PT in healthy young men and analysed its correlation with KT. Twenty‐two healthy young males were included and both knees were examined. The E of the PT in the dominant and non‐dominant legs was assessed by SSI elastography. KT in maximal voluntary isometric contraction was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer.

Result

No correlations between KT and PT E were observed in dominant or non‐dominant side (P = 0·458 and 0·126, respectively). No significant differences in KT or PT E were observed between both legs (P = 0·096 and 0·722, respectively). Intra‐day ICC was rated good (D1 – 0·886, P<0·001 and 0·88, P<0·001) and excellent (D2 – 0·928, P<0·001 and 0·900, P<0·001) for both legs. Inter‐day ICC was rated moderate for both legs (0·651, P = 0·016 and 0·630, P = 0·018, respectively).

Conclusion

No significant correlations were found between KT and PT E, suggesting that quadriceps strength is not an accurate predictor for PT mechanical properties in subjects with no specific training engagement. Habitual loading pattern can play a determinant role in PT mechanical properties, regardless of quadriceps strength. Further investigation on SSI acquisition protocols should be conducted to guarantee higher inter‐day ICC values.
Equine peripheral dental caries: An epidemiological survey assessing prevalence and possible risk factors in Western Australian horses
Authors: Jackson K. , Kelty E. , Tennant M.
Published: July 2017

Background

Peripheral dental caries is defined as macroscopic destruction of the calcified dental tissues and can cause considerable dental pathology and pain. It appears to occur at a high prevalence in Western Australian horses. At present, risk factors for the condition are poorly understood, making treatment and prevention difficult.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of and potential risk factors for peripheral caries in Western Australian horses.

Study design

Cross‐sectional, epidemiological study.

Methods

A survey of 500 Western Australian horses was administered in two sections. The first section was completed by the owner and referred to the horse's signalment, diet and husbandry conditions. The second section was completed by veterinarians and focused on the horse's oral health. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess risk factors associated with peripheral caries.

Results

Peripheral caries was present in 58.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54.5–63.1%) of surveyed horses. Breed was significantly associated with peripheral caries, with Warmbloods (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.82; P = 0.009) and Western breeds (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19–0.78; P = 0.008) being less likely to have peripheral caries than Thoroughbreds. Dietary risk factors included oaten hay (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.87–4.53; P<0.001). A meadow hay‐based diet was protective (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27–0.80; P = 0.005). Horses with access to quality pasture all year were less likely to have peripheral caries than horses without access to grazing (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15–0.66; P = 0.002), as were horses on groundwater compared with horses on rainwater (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.65–6.78; P = 0.001), drinking water (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.14–3.62; P = 0.016) or dam water (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.08–11.53; P = 0.037). Peripheral caries was positively correlated with periodontal disease (OR 4.53, 95% CI 2.91–7.06; P<0.001) and feed packing (feed present between the teeth without significant periodontal pocketing) (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.32–2.85; P = 0.001).

Main limitations

Not every owner of eligible horses seen during the study period agreed to participate. An epidemiological study is unable to show causality.

Conclusions

Western Australian horses have a high prevalence of peripheral caries. Management factors that may help to prevent or reduce peripheral caries include more access to quality pasture, use of groundwater, feeding on meadow hay and avoidance of oaten hay.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy is safe and effective in achalasia patients aged older than 60 years compared with younger patients
Authors: Tang Xiaowei , Ren Yutang , Gao Qiaoping , Huang Silin , Zhou Jieqiong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yang Jianfeng , Wei Zhengjie , Chen Zhenyu , Jiang Bo , Gong Wei
Published: July 2017

Aim

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been proven to be effective for treating achalasia, but there are limited data on POEM in elderly patients. We therefore aimed to assess the role of POEM for achalasia in patients aged ≥60 years.

Methods

All consecutive patients that underwent POEM between December 2011 and November 2015 at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients aged ≥60 years were assigned to group A, whereas patients aged <60 years were assigned to group B. Demographic data, clinical data and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

During the study period, 113 patients (18 in group A, and 95 in group B) were enrolled. The mean age of patients in group A was 63 ± 3.9 years (range 60–74 years; 55.6% women), and that for patients in group B was 37.7 ± 11.6 years (range 18–59 years; 42.2% women). The procedural time in group A was similar to group B (66.3 ± 33.3 vs 59.8 ± 24.2 min, P = 0.332). There were also no significant differences in the incidence of intraoperative complications (P = 1.000) and gastroesophageal reflux rate (P = 0.906) between the two groups. During the mean follow‐up period of 25.2 months, treatment success (Eckardt score ≤3) was achieved in 92.9% of patients in group A, and 89.9% in group B (P = 1.000).

Conclusions

As well as in younger patients, POEM can be safely carried out in elderly patients, providing significant symptom relief. POEM might be recommended as the first therapeutic approach to elderly achalasia patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2407–2413.
Acne prevalence and associations with lifestyle: a cross‐sectional online survey of adolescents/young adults in 7 European countries
Authors: Wolkenstein P. , Machovcová A. , Szepietowski J.C. , Tennstedt D. , Veraldi S. , Delarue A.
Published: July 2017

Background

Although acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder, limited epidemiological data exist specifically for European populations.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of self‐reported acne among young people in Europe and evaluate the effect of lifestyle on acne.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional population‐based online survey in representative samples of individuals aged 15–24 years in Belgium, Czech and Slovak Republics, France, Italy, Poland and Spain (n = 10 521), identified by a quota sampling method based on age, geographic location and socio‐professional category.

Results

The overall adjusted prevalence of self‐reported acne was 57.8% (95% confidence interval 56.9% to 58.7%). The rates per country ranged from 42.2% in Poland to 73.5% in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The prevalence of acne was highest at age 15–17 years and decreased with age. On multivariate analysis, a history of maternal or paternal acne was associated with an increased probability of having acne (odds ratio 3.077, 95%CI2.743 to 3.451, and 2.700, 95%CI2.391 to 3.049, respectively; bothP < 0.0001), as was the consumption of chocolate (OR1.276, 95%CI1.094 to 1.488, for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1). Increasing age (OR0.728, 95%CI0.639 to 0.830 for age 21–24 years vs. 15–17 years) and smoking tobacco (OR0.705, 95%CI0.616 to 0.807) were associated with a reduced probability of acne.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of self‐reported acne was high in adolescents/young adults in the European countries investigated. Heredity was the main risk factor for developing acne.
Frequency of endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia in infertile women undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy
Authors: Kuribayashi Yasushi , Nakagawa Koji , Sugiyama Rie , Motoyama Hiroshi , Sugiyama Rikikazu
Published: July 2017

Aim

We aimed to determine the frequency of endometrial cancer in infertile women undergoing hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy for endometrial polyps.

Methods

A total of 1035 infertile patients who underwent office‐based hysteroscopic polypectomy at Sugiyama Clinic Marunouchi between July 2011 and October 2015 were eligible for this retrospective study. All patients had been diagnosed with endometrial polyps via hysterofiberscopy prior to operation, and they underwent hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy using a resectoscope with monopolar resection. Surgical specimens were examined histopathologically. Characteristics of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer on histopathological examination were evaluated retrospectively.

Results

The median age of patients was 32 years (range, 19–44 years). On histopathological examination, endometrial cancer was found in 10 patients (0.97%). Each histological type of endometrial cancer was represented as follows: three cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma G1; one of endometrioid adenocarcinoma G2; two of endometrioid adenocarcinoma G3; and four of atypical endometrial hyperplasia. The median age of endometrial cancer patients was 34 years (range, 28–41 years), and the median body mass index was 21.2 kg/m2 (range, 16.7–29.9 kg/m2). Nine endometrial cancer patients were nulliparous, and all had undergone infertility treatment, with only one woman having delivered a healthy baby. An ovulation disorder was noted in four patients, with obesity (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) in just two. Polycystic ovary syndrome was concomitantly observed in one patient. However, abnormal vaginal bleeding was not noted in any of these patients.

Conclusion

Hysteroscopic polypectomy should be performed when endometrial polyps are detected on investigational screening, and surgical specimens should be checked for the presence of malignancy.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation application in post‐partum hemorrhage patients: Is post‐partum hemorrhage contraindicated?
Authors: Huang Kuan‐Ying , Li Yi‐Ping , Lin Shin‐Yu , Shih Jin‐Chung , Chen Yih‐Sharng , Lee Chien‐Nan
Published: July 2017

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is commonly used in patients who experience circulatory arrest or significant cardiac dysfunction and is associated with improved clinical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective observational study on ECMO application at a single tertiary center over a five‐year period. Five patients who suffered post‐partum hemorrhage resulting from uterine atony were treated with ECMO. The mean age was 36.8 ± 3.9 years; the mean gestational age was 37.8 ± 2.2 weeks; the initial mean maternal hemoglobin level was 5.0 ± 2.4 mg/dL; and the mean estimated blood loss was 3260 ± 1545 mL before treatment. All patients were treated with venoarterial ECMO and one was treated with both venoarterial and venovenous ECMO. The mean ECMO usage duration was 32.6 ± 18.8 h (range 10–54). Four (80%) patients survived until discharge without experiencing neurological sequela. ECMO should not be a contraindication for treatment of post‐partum hemorrhage and such patients should be weaned as soon as possible to ensure the early recovery of cardiac function.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC00261 inhibits cell growth and migration in endometriosis
Authors: Sha Lixiao , Huang Lingxiao , Luo Xishao , Bao Jiaping , Gao Lijun , Pan Qionghui , Guo Min , Zheng Feiyun , Wang Hanchu
Published: July 2017

Aim

A previous study reported that LINC00261 is significantly downregulated in human ectopic endometrial tissues. The present study aimed to explore whether LINC00261 is functional in endometriosis cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration.

Methods

By transfecting human endometriosis cell line CRL‐7566 with plasmids containing LINC00261, we successfully established the cell CRL‐7566/LINC00261 with a high LINC00261 expression level. Cell‐counting kit‐8 and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of LINC00261 on cell proliferation, and flow cytometry analysis and transwell migration assay were conducted to evaluate its effect on cell apoptosis and cell migration, respectively.

Results

Cell‐counting kit‐8 and colony formation assays both indicated that LINC00261 could inhibit cell proliferation in CRL‐7566. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that LINC00261 mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, which might be a consequence of inducting apoptosis. Furthermore, transwell migration assay indicated that LINC00261 could inhibit cell migration in endometriosis.

Conclusion

LncRNA LINC00261 is capable of inhibiting cell growth and migration in endometriosis.
Synergistic antimicrobial properties of active molecular chitosan with EDTA‐divalent metal ion compounds
Authors: Kim Joo Won , Park Jae Kweon
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to elucidate the synergistic antimicrobial activity of chitosan hydrolysates derived from hydrolysis of high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) with various kinds of divalent metal ions‐EDTA compounds against Penicillium italicum. Amongst hydrolysates, active molecular chitosan (AMC) ranging of molecular weight approximately from 0.8 to 3.0 kDa has been newly researched and demonstrated that it has great antimicrobial activity. Copper, manganese, magnesium, cobalt and zinc ions were used to manufacture chelates with EDTA using a microwave apparatus. Inhibitory effect of AMC or chelates on growth of P. italicum was investigated for up to 72 hr. As the results, AMC showed the highest growth inhibitory activity in the presence of Zn‐EDTA compound compared to the other ion chelates. According to these results, we demonstrated that although Zn‐EDTA‐chelating ligand alone does seem to have a little antimicrobial activity against P. italicum, however, it has synergistic effect against the fungal species when it combined with AMC. Taken together, we suggest that AMC‐EDTA‐Zinc combination (AEM‐Zn) can be a great candidate as natural pesticide for defending postharvest decay of citrus fruits by the fungi.
Health‐equity issues related to childhood obesity: a scoping review
Authors: Vargas Clemencia M. , Stines Elsie M. , Granado Herta S.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this scoping review was to determine the health‐equity issues that relate to childhood obesity.

Methods

Health‐equity issues related to childhood obesity were identified by analyzing food environment, natural and built environment, and social environment. The authors searched Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science, using the keywords “children” and “obesity.” Specific terms for each environment were added: “food desert,” “advertising,” “insecurity,” “price,” “processing,” “trade,” and “school” for food environment; “urban design,” “land use,” “transportation mode,” “public facilities,” and “market access” for natural and built environment; and “financial capacity/poverty,” “living conditions,” “transport access,” “remoteness,” “social support,” “social cohesion,” “working practices,” “eating habits,” “time,” and “social norms” for social environment. Inclusion criteria were studies or reports with populations under age 12, conducted in the United States, and published in English in 2005 or later.

Results

The final search yielded 39 references (16 for food environment, 11 for built environment, and 12 for social environment). Most food‐environment elements were associated with obesity, except food insecurity and food deserts. A natural and built environment that hinders access to physical activity resources and access to healthy foods increased the risk of childhood obesity. Similarly, a negative social environment was associated with childhood obesity. More research is needed on the effects of food production, living conditions, time for shopping, and exercise, as related to childhood obesity.

Conclusions

Most elements of food, natural and built, and social‐environments were associated with weight in children under age 12, except food insecurity and food deserts.
Melatonin protects against the pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction through activating PGC‐1β: In vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Zhai Mengen , Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Bin , Jing Lin , Li Buying , Li Kaifeng , Chen Xiuju , Zhang Meng , Yu Bo , Ren Kai , Yang Yang , Yi Wei , Yang Jian , Liu Jincheng , Yi Dinghua , Liang Hongliang , Jin Zhenxiao , Reiter Russel J. , Duan Weixun , Yu Shiqiang
Published: July 2017

Melatonin, a circadian molecule secreted by the pineal gland, confers a protective role against cardiac hypertrophy induced by hyperthyroidism, chronic hypoxia, and isoproterenol. However, its role against pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of melatonin on pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Male C57BL/6 mice underwent TAC or sham surgery at day 0 and were then treated with melatonin (20 mg/kg/day, via drinking water) for 4 or 8 weeks. The 8‐week survival rate following TAC surgery was significantly increased by melatonin. Melatonin treatment for 8 weeks markedly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy. Compared with the TAC group, melatonin treatment for both 4 and 8 weeks reduced pulmonary congestion, upregulated the expression level of α‐myosin heavy chain, downregulated the expression level of β‐myosin heavy chain and atrial natriuretic peptide, and attenuated the degree of cardiac fibrosis. In addition, melatonin treatment slowed the deterioration of cardiac contractile function caused by pressure overload. These effects of melatonin were accompanied by a significant upregulation in the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma co‐activator‐1 beta (PGC‐1β) and the inhibition of oxidative stress. In vitro studies showed that melatonin also protects against angiotensin II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and oxidative stress, which were largely abolished by knocking down the expression of PGC‐1β using small interfering RNA. In summary, our results demonstrate that melatonin protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through activating PGC‐1β.
Contribution of benthic microalgae to the temporal variation in phytoplankton assemblages in a macrotidal system
Authors: Hernández Fariñas Tania , Ribeiro Lourenço , Soudant Dominique , Belin Catherine , Bacher Cédric , Lampert Luis , Barillé Laurent
Published: July 2017

Suspended marine benthic microalgae in the water column reflect the close relationship between the benthic and pelagic components of coastal ecosystems. In this study, a 12‐year phytoplankton time‐series was used to investigate the contribution of benthic microalgae to the pelagic system at a site along the French‐Atlantic coast. Furthermore, all taxa identified were allocated into different growth forms in order to study their seasonal patterns. The highest contribution of benthic microalgae was observed during the winter period, reaching up to 60% of the carbon biomass in the water column. The haptobenthic growth form showed the highest contribution in terms of biomass, dominant in the fall‐winter period when the turbidity and the river flow were high. The epipelic growth form did not follow any seasonal pattern. The epiphytic diatom Licmophora was most commonly found during summer. As benthic microalgae were found in the water column throughout the year, the temporal variation detected in the structure of pelagic assemblages in a macrotidal ecosystem was partly derived from the differentiated contribution of several benthic growth forms.
The influence of species, density, and diversity of macroalgal aggregations on microphytobenthic settlement
Authors: Umanzor Schery , Ladah Lydia , Zertuche‐González José A.
Published: July 2017

Intertidal macroalgae can modulate their biophysical environment by ameliorating physical conditions and creating habitats. Exploring how seaweed aggregations made up of different species at different densities modify the local environment may help explain how associated organisms respond to the attenuation of extreme physical conditions. Using Silvetia compressa, Chondracanthus canaliculatus, and Pyropia perforata, we constructed monocultures representing the leathery, corticated and foliose functional forms as well as a mixed tri‐culture assemblage including the former three, at four densities. Treatment quadrats were installed in the intertidal where we measured irradiance, temperature, particle retention, and water motion underneath the canopies. Additionally, we examined the abundance and richness of the understory microphytobenthos with settlement slides. We found that the density and species composition of the assemblages modulated the amelioration of extreme physical conditions, with macroalgal aggregations of greater structural complexity due to their form and density showing greater physical factor attenuation. However, increasing the number of species within a patch did not directly result in increased complexity and therefore, did not necessarily cause greater amelioration of the environment. Microphytobenthic composition was also affected by species composition and density, with higher abundances under S. compressa and C. canaliculatus canopies at high and mid densities. These results support the idea that the environmental modifications driven by these macroalgae have a significant effect on the dynamics of the intertidal environment by promoting distinct temporal and spatial patchiness in the microphytobenthos, with potentially significant effects on the overall productivity of these ecosystems.
“Great Men,” Law, and the Social Construction of Technology
Authors: Swanson Kara W.
Published: July 2017

Is Alexander Graham Bell's fame owed to law and lawyers? Two recent histories argue that some popular tales of invention originated with lawyers and judges as part of patent litigation battles (Stathis Arapostathis and Graeme Gooday, Patently Contestable: Electrical Technologies and Inventor Identities on Trial in Britain[2013]; Christopher Beauchamp, Invented by Law: Alexander Graham Bell and the Patent That Changed America[2015]). Bringing law into the historical project of understanding the social construction of technology, the authors unsettle “great man” narratives of invention. A tale of a recent patent war is a case study in the persistence of such narratives, highlighting the uses of legal storytelling (Ronald K. Fierstein, A Triumph of Genius: Edwin Land, Polaroid, and the Kodak Patent War[2015]). Together, these works invite consideration of the cultural power possessed by invention origin stories, the role of narratives in law and history, and the judicial performance of truth finding in Anglo-American law.
Correlation of Xiphopubic Distance, Body Weight, Height and Body Mass Index with Intravesical and Abdominal Initial Resting Pressures in Urodynamic Testing in the Sitting Position
Authors: VALDEVENITO Juan P. , GARCÍA‐MORA Arturo , RODRIGUEZ Jorge , GAMMIE Andrew
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To compare the initial resting intravesical pressure (pves) and abdominal pressure (pabd) in the sitting position with the typical range of values, to assess the correlation between such pressures and patient xipho‐pubic distance, body weight, height and body mass index (BMI), and to estimate if xipho‐pubic distance can be a guide to interpret initial resting pressures in urodynamic testing.

Methods

Women with lower urinary tract symptomatology referred for urodynamic testing were consecutively enrolled in a prospective study. Conventional cystometry was done following “good urodynamic practices”. The correlation between initial resting pves and pabd and xipho‐pubic distance, body weight, height and BMI were studied using simple and multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results

One hundred women aged (mean ± SD) 59.2 ± 13.3 were studied. There was a significant correlation between both pves and pabd, and xipho‐pubic distance, body weight and BMI and no correlation with height. Over the multiple analysis, xipho‐pubic distance and body weight correlated independently with pves; body weight correlated independently with pabd. Three patients had pves and/or pabd out of typical range, with BMIs values of 18.48, 18.72 and 35.81 kg/m2. There was a wide range of difference between xipho‐pubic distance and initial resting pressures.

Conclusions

Out of range initial resting pressures occur in underweight (or close to) or severely obese patients. Xipho‐pubic distance and body weight correlated independently with pves. Body weight correlated independently with pabd. Xipho‐pubic distance cannot be a guide to interpret the initial resting pressures.