bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Earnings Management in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Pratama Putra Andjast , Nuryaman Nuryaman
Published: December 2024

Earnings management is an action taken from the choice of several accounting policies that exist in the company to achieve certain goals. The corporate governance mechanism is a good governance system as a system that regulates the relationship between the role of the board of commissioners, the role of directors, shareholders and other stakeholders. One of the world's failures to create a healthy, clean and responsible business life is earnings management. This study aims to find out more about earnings management in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
The type of research used is
explanatory
.
The research population is Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 296 companies. The results of the study are the
independence of the board of commissioners, managerial ownership, institutional ownership and audit committee competence have a negative effect on earnings management.
Fraud Pentagon Theory for Detection of Fraudulent Financial Reports: A Preliminary Study in Manufacturing Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Taufiqul , Yuniarti Rita
Published: December 2024

The study aims to test whether the five elements of the Fraud Pentagon are useful in detecting fraud in financial reports. These five elements require proxy variables for analysis and cannot be directly measured. Pressure is measured through external pressure. The nature of industry can be used to measure opportunity. Rationalization is measured by AUDCHANGE. Capability is measured through DCHANGE. Arrogance is measured through the CEO's picture. 23 manufacturing enterprises in the consumer goods category on the IDX were included in the study sample for the 2019–2022 period. The research samples consist of financial statements and annual reports as secondary data. The data was analyzed using logistic regression, and the samples were chosen through purposive sampling. Results showed the significant impact of opportunity, pressure, rationalization, and arrogance on financial report fraud. And for the variable of capability, it showed that it has no effect on fraudulent financial statements.
Analysis of Air Cargo Cost Efficiency at Sentani Airport Papua: The Role of Logistics Infrastructure, Tariff Policies, and Technological Innovation
Authors: Toja Andi Batari , Bunahri Rifqi Raza
Published: December 2024

This study examines the factors influencing air cargo cost efficiency in Papua, where shipping costs are disproportionately high. The research focuses on three variables: logistics infrastructure, tariff policy, and technological innovation. A quantitative approach was applied, with data collected from 50 logistics employees at Sentani Papua Airport using a Likert scale questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the partial and simultaneous effects of these factors. The results show that logistics infrastructure and tariff policy have significant positive effects on air cargo cost efficiency, with t-test values of 6.774 and 9.972, respectively. However, technological innovation has no significant effect, with a significance value of 0.076. The F-test results indicate that the independent variables jointly influence the dependent variable, with an Fcount of 40.635, far exceeding the Ftable value of 2.81. The three factors account for 72.1% of the variation in air cargo cost efficiency, while the remaining 27.9% is influenced by other factors. This study suggests that improving logistics infrastructure and tariff policies can enhance cost efficiency, benefiting companies and consumers.
Continuance Use Intention in the use of E-wallets by using the Expectation Confirmation Model through E-Satisfaction
Authors: Khoirul Umam Muhamad , Puspawati Dewita
Published: December 2024

This study aims to test the use of e-wallets against continuance use intention by using expectation confirmation. This research Model uses a type of quantitative approach with the method of explanation (explanatory research). The population in this study is an e-wallet application users in Surakarta , this study uses non probability sampling method and to determine the sample using convinence sampling technique, obtained a sample of 100 respondents. The method of data analysis in this study used the technique of Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM PLS). The test results showed that confirmation, and and perceived sequence had no effect on the continuity of use intention; perceived usefulness and satisfaction had no effect on the continuity of use intention, confirmation, and perceived usefulness had no effect on satisfaction; perceived sequence affects satisfaction, while satisfaction variable is stated to be able to mediate the relationship of perceived usefulness to continuance use intention mediated by satisfaction. While the relationship of confirmation variables, and perceived sequence to continuance use intention is not able to be mediated by satisfaction variables
The Impact of Service Quality, Facilities, and Pricing on Customer Satisfaction: A Study of Barbershop Swales in Pontianak
Authors: Herawaty Rhesa , Fachri Helman
Published: December 2024

This study examines the influence of service quality, facilities, and pricing on customer satisfaction in Barbershop Swales, Pontianak. This research addresses the growing demands of the barbershop industry, focusing on how these three factors shape customer perceptions. A quantitative approach was used, employing a structured questionnaire distributed to 100 customers. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to identify both individual and collective effects of the variables on customer satisfaction. The findings reveal that while service quality positively influences satisfaction, its impact is not statistically significant. In contrast, facilities and pricing play significant roles, with pricing emerging as the most dominant factor. This suggests that customers prioritize competitive pricing and high-quality facilities over service standards when choosing barbershops. The study highlights the importance of adjusting pricing strategies and improving facilities to enhance customer satisfaction in the barbershop industry in mid-sized urban areas
Bank Risk Taking Behaviour and Performance: Evidence from Indonesian Bank
Authors: Anita Vera , Hanggraeni Dewi
Published: December 2024

This study aim to assess the impact of risk management and internal control on Indonesian Banks' risk-taking behaviour and performance. By assessing sample of 60 Banks spanning from 2013 and 2022 using the Generalized Least Square random effect estimator model, results show that while risk management and internal control lower credit risk and operational risk, they have no significant impact on liquidity risk. This impact is more pronounced for Government owned Banks than for privately owned Banks. Furthermore, the research demonstrates that risk management and internal control improve Banks' performance particularly in ROA and ROE parameters.
The Role of the Work Environment in Moderating the Effect of Transformational Leadership Style, Competence, and Teamwork on Nurse Performance at the Alodia Kolaka Clinic
Authors: Adinda Putri Paramita , Putriani Dewi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the role of the work environment in moderating the influence of transformational leadership style, competence, and teamwork on nurse performance. The research approach uses a quantitative method with an associative type. The sample of this study was nurses at the Alodia Clinic, Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi. The data analysis technique used the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using the Smart PLS program version 3.2.9. The results showed that transformational leadership style influenced nurse performance. Competence influences nurse performance. Teamwork influences nurse performance. The work environment cannot moderate the influence of transformational leadership style, competence, and teamwork on nurse performance at the Alodia Clinic, Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi.
Analysis Of Providing Compensation In Improving Employee Performance According To An Islamic Economic Perspective (Case Study Of Pt. Sarana Lampung Ventura)
Authors: Naufal Arfani Muhammad , Fuadi Fatih , Pratomo Dimas
Published: December 2024

This think about looks at the crossing point of Islamic financial standards and stipend hones in making strides representative execution, centering on PT. Sarana Lampung Ventura, an Indonesian wander capital company. Through subjective library inquire about, the consider analyzes how Islamic-based recompense frameworks adjust with modern human asset administration hones and their affect on representative efficiency, work fulfillment, and organizational commitment. The discoveries uncover that PT. Sarana Lampung Ventura’s recompense hones, counting reasonable compensation, convenient installments, and profit-sharing plans, for the most part adjust with Islamic financial standards. This arrangement contributes to expanded representative efficiency, upgraded work fulfillment, and lower turnover rates. In any case, challenges continue in adjusting advertise weights with strict adherence to Islamic standards and creating comprehensive measurements for representative commitments. The consider proposes a few suggestions to assist upgrade the company’s remuneration framework, counting executing a comprehensive execution administration framework that joins both monetary and non-financial measurements adjusted with Islamic values, growing representative benefits to reflect Islamic social obligation, and presenting skill-based pay components. This inquire about contributes to the developing body of writing on Islamic human asset administration, advertising experiences into the down to earth application of Islamic financial standards in present day trade settings. It highlights the potential for Islamic-based recompense hones to drive worker execution whereas keeping up moral and devout keenness. The consider concludes that whereas PT. Sarana Lampung Ventura has made noteworthy advance in adjusting its emolument hones with Islamic standards, there’s room for advance upgrade to reinforce its framework and possibly lead to indeed more noteworthy worker execution and organizational victory inside the system of Islamic financial matters.
ESG Impact on Firm Performance and Investment Efficiency Moderated by Board Cultural Diversity in Asean's Emerging Markets
Authors: Ayu Nindita Safira , Hanggraeni Dewi
Published: December 2024

The study examines whether ESG performance improves Firm performance and Investment Efficiency (IE). The study also explores if Board Cultural Diversity (BCD) moderates ESG-Firm Performance and ESG-IE. A panel data collection of 129 nonfinancial Asean-5 enterprises from 2018 to 2022 was used. GLS regression is used to empirically test hypotheses and analyse data. ESG affected ROA and IE but not Tobin’s Q. Additionally, board cultural diversity moderated ESG-ROA interaction. In contrast, BCD cannot moderate ESG-IE relationships. The findings have implications for investors analysing corporate investment management and for stakeholders aware of ESG policies and BCD's impact on firm performance
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Istri Atas Suami Yang Berpoligami Tanpa Persetujuan Istri dan Pengadilan
Authors: Raehany Vina Fadila Hasna
Published: December 2024

Marriage in Indonesia based on the principle of monogamy, as written in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage which emphasizes that a man can only have one wife, as well as a woman can only have one husband. However, there is an exception that a husband can have more than one wife on the condition that he has permission from the Court and is indeed desired by the parties concerned, and the act must have a consent from the first wife. There are still irregularities that occur in the practice of polygamy, one of them is a secret polygamous marriage carried out by a man with a woman apart from his wife without the consent of the legal wife and without the permission of the Religious Court, as happened in Decision Number 1106/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Cbn. The research method uses in this article is qualitative normative by referring to applicable regulations and doctrines with case study approach and the data collection is based on document studies. The result is that polygamous marriage carried out without the permission of the first wife and the Religious Court are invalid and null and void, which results in the second marriage being considered unprecedented. The legal protection for the first wife can be various, such as the application for annulment of the second marriage submitted by the first wife and  also even if indications of fraud are found in the implementations of marriage to the Office of Religious Affairs, the first wife can report it and the parties involved can be subject to criminal sanctions.
Pengaruh Vlogger Terhadap Ketertarikan Wisatawan Indonesia Untuk Mengunjungi Wisata Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Aprilia Angelica , Widjaja Fitri Novika , Megawati Veny
Published: December 2024

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) saat ini menjadi salah satu destinasi yang banyak dikunjungi oleh wisatawan lokal ataupun wisatawan asing. Hal menarik dari destinasi wisata di DIY salah satunya adalah budaya, Kabupaten Bantul menjadi salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki banyak destinasi wisata. Potensi wsita yang ada seperti monument budaya, gua sejarah, dan kerajaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah vlogger melalui YouTube channels dapat menarik wisatawan untuk mengunjungi destinasi di DIY. Motede penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner melalui Google Form. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu vlogger dapat memberi dampak yang signifikan kepada wisatawan untuk mengunjungi destinasi yang ada di DIY, serta memberi informasi destinasi wisata.
Model Pemberdayaan Kader Lingkungan Adiwiyata dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Organik di SMPN 39 Semarang
Authors: Nadia Nadia , Cahyani Syifa Amalia Geanti , Nugroho Ariq Dwi Yulian , Nathalia Elsha Pipit , Maulana Muhammad Azra Fikri , Khoeriyah Fathul , Alfiana Devia Fitri , Ifada Hanif Syifa
Published: December 2024

The main problem in the environment today is the large amount of organic waste produced from daily activities that is not managed properly, such as citrus fruit waste and fish waste.  This can have a bad impact if not handled properly.  This research aims to explain the process of implementing empowerment in organic waste management at SMP Negeri 39 Semarang, with a focus on making aromatherapy candles and organic liquid fertilizer.  The Participatory Action Research (PAR) method is used to involve active participation of Adiwiyata Cadre students in research and action, enabling them to not only be research subjects but also actors in implementing community-based solutions.  The research results show that the PAR method is able to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the importance of waste management.  This process enriches students' knowledge of recycling and has a direct impact on the school environment, enabling them to face future environmental challenges.
Sanksi Rehabilitasi Bagi Anak Pecandu Narkotika
Authors: Zakun Mochammad Sajarod , Soetoto H. Erwin Owan Hermansyah , Hakim Lukman
Published: December 2024

The use and abuse of drugs, especially by children, causes harm to individuals and society. Child drug abusers are considered self-victimizing victims, as they become victims of their own actions. The problem that often occurs in Indonesia is that drug cases in children are not given legal protection and many of these cases children are actually given sentences in prison. Therefore, the concept of punishment for drug addicted children through restorative justice is needed. Punishment can be carried out through a double track system if the conditions of restorative justice are not met. Article 127 of the Narcotics Law provides guidance to consider medical and social rehabilitation for child drug abusers. The application of criminal sanctions against child drug abusers needs to consider the rehabilitation aspect as the main alternative, considering the child as a victim who is not fully responsible for his actions. This research uses normative and doctrinal juridical research methods that focus on analyzing legal regulations, legal documents, and legal theories. The results of the research show that although there are regulations governing rehabilitation, its implementation still faces obstacles, such as the dominance of prison sentences for children who abuse drugs. The criminal justice process for children who abuse drugs has not fulfilled children's rights, which include protection, assistance, and guidance that takes into account the best interests of the child. The best interests of child victims of narcotics crime should be carried out through the provision of rehabilitation criminal sanctions. Therefore, legal protection of child drug abusers needs to be improved through a more effective and in-depth rehabilitation approach, as well as collective awareness to involve all parties in protecting children as the nation's assets.
Aile İçi Şiddetin Ergenlerin Akademik Motivasyonu Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Çakır Yasemin , Kumcağız Hatice
Published: December 2024

‘Şiddet’ tarihin en eski dönemlerinden itibaren günümüze kadar her çağda varaolmuştur. Aile içerisinde yaşanmakta olan şiddet davranışları aile içindeki bütün bireyleri doğrudan etkilemekte, aile bireyleri üzerinde ciddi etkiler bırakmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı aile içi şiddetin ergenlerin akademik motivasyonu üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır Araştırmanın örneklemini 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar yarıyılında Giresun ili Tirebolu İlçesi’nde öğrenimine devam eden 487 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerine Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Ölçeği, Akademik Güdülenme Ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 21 paket program kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde güvenirlik analizi, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklemler için t testi, ANOVA testi, Pearson Korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, ergenlerin maruz kaldığı fiziksel, sözel ve ekonomik şiddetin, ergenlerin akademik motivasyon düzeylerini anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği görülmektedir. Ergenlerin maruz kaldıkları fiziksel şiddet ile akademik motivasyon düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü düşük düzeyde bir ilişki; maruz kaldıkları sözel şiddet ile akademik motivasyon arasında negatif yönlü düşük düzeyde bir ilişki; maruz kaldıkları ekonomik şiddet ile akademik motivasyon arasında negatif yönlü düşük düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ergenlerin maruz kaldıkları aile içi şiddet durumları ile cinsiyet, anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı saptanmıştır. Ergenlerin cinsiyete göre akademik motivasyon düzeylerinin keşif alt boyutu ile aralarında anlamlı bir fark olduğu , anlamlı farklılığın kadınlar lehine olduğu bulunmuştur. Ergenlerin babalarının eğitim düzeylerine göre akademik motivasyon düzeylerinin kendini aşma, bilgiyi kullanma ve keşif alt boyutu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ergenlerin annelerinin eğitim düzeyine göre akademik motivasyon düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili literatür eşliğinde tartışılmıştır.
Alanya’da Derlenen Çocuk Masallarının Değerler Eğitimi Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Bulut Serdar , Demirdöğen Elif
Published: December 2024

Kültürel çalışmaların kent değerlerini özgün olarak şekillendirdiği günümüzde yerel noktaları konu edinen değerler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Alanya masallarının, Alanya’nın hızlı gelişimi, etkileşimi kültürel çalışmaların kaybolmasına zemin oluşturmaktadır. Çocukların ilgi göstererek okudukları ve dinledikleri masallar, temalar sayesinde toplumun temel değerlerinin aktarılmasında önemli bir yere sahip olmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı; Alanya’da sözlü gelenek unsuru olarak belirlenen Alanya masallarının değerler eğitimi açısından incelenmesini sağlamaktır. Bu masalların değerler eğitiminde ne kadar etkiye sahip olduğunu belirleyip masalların çocukların yaşamına kaynaklık ederek yön verme durumunu ortaya çıkaran masal örneklerine bakılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda toplumlarda kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılan masallar çalışmamızın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Sözlü ve yazılı gelenek unsuru olan masallardan Alanya masallarına ulaşılmıştır. Bu masallar doküman analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda kaynak kişilere ulaşılarak Alanya masalları dinlenip kayıt altına alınmıştır. İncelenen Alanya masallarından çocuk masallarına uygun olanlar belirlenip değerler eğitimi açısından analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz yapılarak verilerin doküman incelemesiyle elde edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Alanya masallarında incelenecek olan değerler şu şekildedir: Sevgi, yardımseverlik, şefkat, iyilik yapmak, dostluk, sadakat, adalet, cesaret, nezaket, dürüstlük, aile birliğine önem verme, dayanışma, çalışkanlık, saygı, sorumluluk, hoşgörü, sabır, öz denetim, vatanseverlik değerleridir. Alanya masallarında bu değerlerin yer alma durumuna bakılmış ve oranlanmıştır. Bulunan değerlerin masallar üzerinden örneklerle birlikte gösterimi sağlanmıştır. Analiz edildiğinde en fazla konu edilen değeri sevgi değeri olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Türkiye’de Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Yönetimi
Authors: Şener Esma , Önal İnci
Published: December 2024

Somut olmayan kültürel miras (SOKÜM) sözlü gelenekler, performans sanatları, el sanatları ya da doğa ve evrenle ilgili uygulamaları içermektedir. Somut olmayan kültürel mirasın yönetimi müze, kütüphane, arşiv, üniversite, belediye, sivil toplum kuruluşları gibi kurumların işbirliği ile etkin gerçekleşebilir. Bu kapsamda ilgili yönetim kurumlarından biri olan üniversitelerin mevcut durumunu belirlemek araştırmanın konusudur. Araştırmada Türkiye’de somut olmayan kültürel mirasın korunması ve sürdürülebilirliği konusunda yükseköğretim kurumlarında araştırma ve uygulama merkezleri aracılığıyla çalışmaların gerçekleşmekte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve teknolojik gelişmeleri kapsayan uygulamaların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Volatile-rich Sub-Neptunes as Hydrothermal Worlds: The Case of K2-18 b
Authors: Luu Cindy N. , Yu 余 Xinting 馨婷 , Glein Christopher R. , Innes Hamish , Aguichine Artyom , Krissansen-Totton Joshua , Moses Julianne I. , Tsai Shang-Min , Zhang Xi , Truong Ngoc , Fortney Jonathan J.
Published: December 2024

Temperate exoplanets between the sizes of Earth and Neptune, known as “sub-Neptunes,” have emerged as intriguing targets for astrobiology. It is unknown whether these planets resemble Earth-like terrestrial worlds with a habitable surface, Neptune-like giant planets with deep atmospheres and no habitable surface, or something exotic in between. Recent JWST transmission spectroscopy observations of the canonical sub-Neptune, K2-18 b, revealed ~1% CH4, ~1% CO2, and a nondetection of CO in the atmosphere. While previous studies proposed that the observed atmospheric composition could help constrain the lower atmosphere's conditions and determine the interior structure of sub-Neptunes like K2-18 b, the possible interactions between the atmosphere and a hot, supercritical water ocean at its base remain unexplored. In this work, we investigate whether a global supercritical water ocean, resembling a planetary-scale hydrothermal system, can explain these observations on K2-18 b–like sub-Neptunes through equilibrium aqueous geochemical calculations. We find that the observed atmospheric CH4/CO2 ratio implies a minimum ocean temperature of ~710 K, whereas the corresponding CO/CO2 ratio allows ocean temperatures up to ~1070 K. These results indicate that a global supercritical water ocean on K2-18 b is plausible. While life cannot survive in such an ocean, this work represents the first step toward understanding how a global supercritical water ocean may influence observable atmospheric characteristics on volatile-rich sub-Neptunes. Future observations with better-constrained CO and NH3 mixing ratios could further help distinguish between possible interior compositions of K2-18 b.
Barriers to the Adoption of E-Learning in Higher Education Institutes (HEI)
Authors: Satvik  , Naik B. Koteswararao
Published: December 2024

E-learning has the potential to revolutionize higher education institutes (HEIs), yet its adoption faces significant barriers. This study aims to identify and analyze the interdependent relationships among these barriers within the HEIs. This research classifies e-learning adoption barriers into different levels through an interpretive structural modelling (ISM-MICMAC) to prioritize and explore their contextual relationships. The findings reveal that the financial constraints barriers are the primary barriers, followed by the limited technological infrastructure, inadequate policy and institutional support, and technical support challenges. While the study acknowledges potential limitations, such as overlooked barriers and possible biases in expert opinions, it offers actionable insights for policymakers and managers to address these challenges. By providing strategies for overcoming barriers, this research supports the effective and seamless integration of e-learning systems in HEIs, establishing a strong foundation for future advancements.
The Impact of the Zuvio Blended Literature Circle on EFL Students' Motivation and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Lai Zola Chi-Chin
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the integration of Zuvio Blended Literature Circle in English language instruction, focusing on enhancing learning motivation and self-efficacy among lower-intermediate students in large classrooms. The quasi-experimental research involved 105 university students over a semester, using mixed methods. Quantitative findings showed significant improvements in learning motivation (average scores rising from 75.07 to 81.91, p<.001) and self-efficacy (scores increasing from 90.11 to 94.70, p<.001). Qualitative data revealed enhanced classroom dynamics, with students showing greater initiative and supportive peer interactions. The incorporation of both expository and narrative texts enriched linguistic input and prompted discussions on various themes. Results indicate that the Zuvio Blended Literature Circle effectively addresses instructional challenges in large-class settings, significantly boosting students' motivation and self-efficacy in language learning. This study provides valuable insights for improving English education in similar contexts.
Semantic-Aware Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Brain Tumor Detection and Classification Using Adaptive Feature Extraction and Mask-RCNN
Authors: Mandle Anil Kumar , Gupta Govind P. , Sahu Satya Prakash , Bansal Shavi , Alhalabi Wadee Alhalabi
Published: December 2024

A brain tumor is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer death. The best strategy is the timely treatment of brain tumors in their early detection. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a standard non-invasive method to detect brain tumors. For early detection and better patient survival through MRI scans, the diagnosis needs a high level of knowledge in the radiological and neurological domains to identify the cancers. Researchers have suggested various brain cancer detection techniques. However, most existing automatic cancer detection approaches suffer from poor accuracy and low detection rates. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning (DL) using deep feature extraction and adaptive Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Mask-RCNNs) model for brain tumor detection and classification method to overcome these issues. The experimental findings on the benchmark dataset demonstrate that the planned model is highly effective, with 99.64% accuracy, 95.93% precision, 95.39% recall, and 95.67% F1-score.
Collaborative Motivation Framework Leveraging Similar Interest Behavior in Semantic Web Applications
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Tian Chunqi , Sun Yaoru , Zhang Haodong
Published: December 2024

With the growth of web technology, the semantic web offers a promising framework for online knowledge collaboration. However, trust issues can undermine users' willingness to collaborate, reduce the frequency of interaction and collaboration efficiency. This paper introduces a super node-based trust management model designed to enhance semantic networks by linking nodes through trust relationships. The model exploits the synergistic incentives of similar interest behaviours to achieve a steady construction of trust relationships. We propose a similarity filtering algorithm that calculates the similarity to filter out false, misleading, or unfair information effectively. Through simulations, we compare our model with RRGRET, Surework, and community-based approaches, and the results show that our model has good network properties, while also resisting multiple malicious attacks and guaranteeing collaboration success. This research contributes to optimizing node relationships within semantic networks and strengthening network robustness against interference.
Service Utilization and Value at an Athletic Training Student Run Clinic for University Employees and Students
Authors: Wright Cynthia J.
Published: December 2024

Context

Student-run health clinics (SRHC) are commonly utilized to provide clinical experiences to students in healthcare education programs as well as healthcare services to a target community. Recent reports on athletic training SRHCs (AT-SRHCs) with a client population of university students, employees and/or community members have reported positive patient outcomes and high patient satisfaction, however there is limited data about the treated conditions, services and value provided by AT-SRHC.

Objective

To track utilization of athletic training services at a free AT-SRHC.

Design

Retrospective chart review from September 2022-May 2024.

Setting

University-based AT-SRHC.

Patients

97 patients (52 males, 44 females, 1 not documented; age 32.6±13.7 years, range: 18-65 years old; 50 employees, 47 students).

Main Outcome Measures

Data were extracted from an electronic medical record and scheduling software. Variables extracted included patient demographics, appointment numbers, mechanism of injury, injured body part, days since injury, injury diagnosis, injury severity, and common procedural terminology (CPT) codes. Data were analyzed descriptively.

Results

Sixty-four percent (226/352) of available appointment sessions were reserved. The 3 most commonly injured body areas were the knee (n=26, 23.9%), shoulder (n=23, 21.1%), and thigh (n=13, 11.9%). The 3 most common diagnoses were sprains/strains (n=51, 46.8%), overuse conditions (e.g. epicondylitis, impingement, tendonitis; n=18, 16.5%), and nonspecific joint pain (n=22, 20.2%). The 3 most common CPT codes were for therapeutic exercise (n=136), athletic training evaluation (n=98), and manual therapy (n=78). Estimates for the total value of services range from $6,901 to $13,498 ($39.89-78.03 per session).

Conclusions

Services at an AT-SRHC were utilized by a small portion of the campus population during its first 2 years of operation. Data provides preliminary insight into AT-SRHC service utilization and value. Additional organizations may benefit from developing an AT-SRHC to provide access to affordable care and student clinical experiences.
Profile of patients with lung cancer at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Yadav Birendra K , Thakur Alok , Pradhan Akash , Rizal Kushal , Rai Ujwal , Sharma Umesh K , Devkota Mukti , Gautam Akriti , Lama Manmath , Kumar Abhishek
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cases of lung cancer are increasing in Nepal. Identifying histological types can influence prognosis and survival rates in different types of lung cancer.

Objectives:

The primary objective of this retrospective study was to provide a comprehensive clinical profile of patients with lung cancer. The secondary objective was to analyze the demographic characteristics of these patients.

Materials and Methods:

We analyzed the data for 192 patients diagnosed with lung cancer at Purbanchal Cancer Hospital, Birtamode, Nepal registered between January 2020 and December 2023. We categorized the cases into three categories: non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small-cell lung cancer, and others/not defined. NSCLC was further classified into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. A univariate analysis outlined patient attributes, histological classifications, stage of cancer, and the treatment received, while bivariate analysis assessed associations using Chi-square tests.

Results:

We included 192 patients in the study. Of them, 145 (75.5%) had NSCLC, with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent subtypes. Around 97% (186 patients) were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Only one-third of patients (62 patients, 32.3%) reported a history of smoking, and 90% (173 patients) were over 50 years old. Additionally, one fourth of the patients (43 patients, 22.4%) had hypertension. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were the most used treatments.

Conclusion:

NSCLC is the most common histological type, with a higher proportion of patients being non-smokers. This emphasizes the need for further investigations into risk factors. Early detection and tailored interventions are critical for reducing the burden of lung cancer in Nepal.
Prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients receiving 5-fluoro-uracil containing chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: D’souza Anita R , Chaudhari Jyoti , Pawar Akash , Ostwal Vikas , Jagdish Prathepa
Published: December 2024

The burden of cognitive impairment in patients receiving chemotherapy is significant. In this systematic review, we seek to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients who received 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU) containing chemotherapy. We searched literature using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Wiley with different combinations of following keywords: (cognition OR cognitive function OR cognitive impairment OR cognitive dysfunction) AND (5-FU OR 5 fluorouracil OR chemotherapy). Full-text studies published in English involving humans as participants were included for systematic review. The reference lists of relevant studies were manually searched to identify additional studies by two authors/reviewers (AD and AP). A total of 115 records were identified through database searches, of which 74 remained after duplicates were removed. After title and abstract screening, 18 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and were included in the final systematic review and 7 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For the purpose of discussion, we reviewed and included another 26 studies focusing on cognitive impairment by chemotherapy in patients with cancer and the methodological tools used in meta-analyses. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients who received 5-FU containing chemotherapy in studies included in meta-analysis was 32%. The majority of the studies involved breast cancer survivors as participants. Over one-third of the studies used the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) to assess cognitive function and cognitive impairment. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis highlight the impact of chemotherapy on cognitive functions in patients with cancer as well as cancer survivors, providing critical guidance for future research.
Clinical profile and outcomes of patients with endometrial cancer from Northwest India: A retrospective study
Authors: Philips Ashwin O , Kaur Tejinder , Garg Shirin , Sharma Ishu , Anand Mridul , Batta Nishant , Singh Harpreet
Published: December 2024

Background:

Endometrial cancer is a significant health concern, but there is a lack of region-specific data on its clinical profile and outcomes in Northwest India. Recognizing the importance of early diagnosis and the evolving landscape of precision oncology, the study incorporated risk stratification based on established guidelines and updated staging.

Objectives:

The primary objective of the study was to determine the clinicopathological profile of patients with endometrial cancer. The secondary objectives were to estimate the survival outcomes, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) based on various staging protocols.

Materials and Methods:

We included patients with biopsy-confirmed carcinoma of the endometrium, managed at Mohan Dai Oswal Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2022. Retrospective data were collected from electronic medical records and patient outpatient department files after ethics committee approval. The data were stratified according to the 2014 consensus guidelines of the European Society of Medical Oncology, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology, and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology as well as the 2023 staging guidelines from the international federation of gynecology and obstetrics for analysis. Survival was calculated from histopathology confirmation to progression, death, or last follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v22, with Kaplan-Meier for survival estimates, Cox regression for survival associations, and log-rank tests for group comparisons.

Results:

We included a total of 111 patients. The median age of the subjects was 64 years (range 37-88). Surgery was the primary treatment in 109 (98.7%). The 5-year OS and DFS rates were 85.6% and 75.7%, respectively, with high-risk patients showing worse outcomes (3-year OS: 75.2%; 4-year OS: 37.6%) compared to low/intermediate-risk patients (5-year OS: 100%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study highlights significant survival variations based on risk stratification in endometrial cancer, underscoring the need for tailored management approaches.
Empowering precision medicine in rural India by establishment of a molecular genetics laboratory in Bihar: A prospective observational study
Authors: Basu Moitri , Singh Ravikant , Bharadwaj Himanshu , Ray Shivangi , Choughule Anuradha , Prabhash Kumar , Dutt Amit , Kishore Kaushal , Singh Sanjay K , Sreekanthreddy Peddagangannagari , Gowda Pooja , Javle Vyomesh , Saha Prabir , Priyadharshini Bhumika , Saravanakumar Aarthy , Radhakrishnan Logesh , Rishi Kshitij , Goswami Hitesh , Veldore Vidya H
Published: December 2024

Background:

In the era of precision oncology, molecular profiling and targeted therapies are integral to cancer management. However, accessibility remains a challenge in rural India.

Objectives:

The primary objective was to showcase the lab’s milestones using in-house next-generation sequencing (NGS)/qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) diagnostic data from patients with cancer. The secondary objective was to highlight the benefits of integrating NGS with precision medicine in rural India despite resource challenges.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted at Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, between November 2022 and December 2023. A 72-gene panel was validated as per National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (ISO15189/CAP/AMP/NABL) recommendations and implemented in routine clinical testing across multiple cancers. qRT-PCR was also established for detecting actionable mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR exons 18-21) for lung cancer, NRAS/KRAS/HRAS/BRAF genes, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) polymorphisms (DPYD*2A/*13/D949V/IVS10) for recommended cases.

Results:

In one year (November 2022 to December 2023), we performed 146 tests on Indian patients with cancer: 71% (n = 103) with NGS and the remainder with qRT-PCR. Among NGS cases, 71% (n = 73) involved lung cancer, while the rest covered various cancer types. Alterations in well-known driver genes were identified across the cancer types, and their frequencies were matching with the incidence reported in Indian literature.

Conclusion:

Operating high-end technology in a peripheral center grapple with unique challenges, often demanding resourcefulness and innovation. Nevertheless, our laboratory has made significant strides with every test performed in implementing precision medicine in a seemingly remote setting in rural India.
Impact of low-dose regorafenib on survival outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective study from a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Lal Tejas Shivarthi , Kuriachan Sanitha , Kumar D Mahesh , Pavithran Keechilat , Babu Merin , Kartha Niveditha , Bari Abdul
Published: December 2024

Background:

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) poses a significant health challenge, with limited treatment options and poor survival outcomes. Regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is effective for patients with mCRC who have progressed after multiple chemotherapy lines. This study evaluates the impact of low-dose regorafenib on survival outcomes in patients at a tertiary care center in South India.

Objectives:

The primary objective was to determine overall survival outcomes associated with regorafenib in South Indian patients with prior colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Secondary objectives included assessing progression-free survival (PFS), safety profiles, and prognostic factors linked to regorafenib use.

Materials and Methods:

We analyzed patients treated with regorafenib from January 2015 to December 2023 in the Department of Medical Oncology at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi. Patient characteristics, including age, sex, primary tumor location, and metastatic sites, were recorded. PFS and overall survival (OS) were assessed, alongside treatment responses as per Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria and adverse events (AEs) leading to treatment discontinuation.

Results:

We enrolled 81 patients, predominantly males (66.7%), with a mean age of 59.8 years. Distant metastasis at presentation occurred in 84% (n = 68) of patients. The median PFS was 9.2 months (95% CI, 8.05-10.35), while the mean OS was 39.2 months (95% CI, 33.3-45.1). The overall response rate was 13.5%, and AEs leading to discontinuation were noted in 16% (n = 13) of patients.

Conclusion:

Low-dose regorafenib demonstrated effectiveness, with favorable PFS and OS outcomes. Age and gender were identified as significant prognostic factors.
The incidence and outcome of postviral arthritis treated through whole system Ayurveda at a secondary care Ayurveda Arthritis Specialty Centre in North India
Authors: Rastogi Sanjeev , Maurya Kiran , Pandey Preeti , Kumar Sumit , Verma Ankita , Raveendranath Chinmayi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Postviral arthritis is a common consequence of seasonal viral infections caused by chikungunya and dengue viruses. Presenting in its acute and chronic stages, arthritis often remains a stable complication of such infections in a large population. Despite its regular occurrence in epidemic proportions in India on a yearly basis, any substantial and dependable management is not available in conventional medicine to treat the primary condition and prevent joint-related complications. As a result, many among the affected population visit Ayurveda and other alternative system of medicine Practitioners in search of relief. Despite of finding a large input of such patients in Ayurveda clinics, serious observation has not been done in Ayurveda also to delineate the pattern and outcome of postviral arthritis treated at Ayurveda clinics.

Aims and Objectives:

Since a serious epidemiological and outcome observation is important as a proof of concept to initiate more serious studies in this area in the future, this observational study was done having focused upon these objectives at a secondary care Ayurveda arthritis treatment center in North India.

Materials and Methods:

Patients fulfilling the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were registered and followed up for defined period of ayurvedic intervention. Subsequently outcomes were reported through gross statistical methods.

Result:

An average 56.8% improvement was reported by the study participants having received Ayurveda treatment for about 8 weeks. A substantial reduction in need of analgesics (needed only by <4% people post treatment) was also observed suggesting the beneficial effects of Ayurveda interventions in postviral arthritis.

Conclusion:

These preliminary observations suggest the conduction of serious clinical trials to see the effectiveness of Ayurveda interventions in postviral arthritis.
In vitro 5α-reductase inhibition by selected Ayurvedic herbs for androgenic disorders
Authors: Chakrabarty Anirban Kr , Banerjee Dipankar , Rai Rajiva Kumar , Katiyar Chandra Kant , Dubey Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background:

Androgenic disorders such as androgenic alopecia is driven by elevated Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, which are regulated by the enzyme 5α-reductase. The inhibition of 5α-reductase can thus be a therapeutic strategy for managing such disorders. This study explores the 5α-reductase inhibitory potential of selected Ayurvedic herbs, namely, Prunus dulcis Mill. (PD), Aloe barbadensis Mill. (AB), Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. (BM), Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (GG), Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (EO), and Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk (EA).

Materials and Methods:

Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of the selected herbs were prepared and tested for their efficacy in inhibiting 5α-reductase activity. Finasteride, a known 5α-reductase inhibitor, was kept as positive control. The enzymatic activity was measured by monitoring the consumption of NADPH, the cofactor required for the conversion of Testosterone (T) to DHT. A decrease in NADPH consumption indicates effective inhibition of 5α-reductase activity. The extracts were evaluated based on this biochemical method.

Results:

EA has shown the highest 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, followed by EO, PD, BM, GG, and AB in decreasing order.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates that the selected Ayurvedic herbs possess significant 5α-reductase inhibitory properties, with EA showing the highest potential. These findings suggest that these herbs could be incorporated into hair care formulations and other therapeutic applications aimed at managing androgenic alopecia.
Redefining Ayurveda through the lens of bioinformatics – A conference report
Authors: Goel Shweta , Karthik K. P. , Kumar Mahapatra Arun , Shrikrishna Rajagopala , Gupta Prashant Kumar
Published: December 2024

Predictive studies have exerted a significant influence on experimental biomedical research. In this new wave of revolution, the Indian traditional medicine system of Ayurveda has also set foot into computational drug designing. Therefore, a crosstalk and conceptual understanding of informatics and Ayurveda and practical training are required. Envisaging this, a 6-day, national workshop and training program was organized by All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi in September 2024 on Computer-aided Drug Design (CADD) in Ayurveda that included representatives from various national and state institutes and research bodies inside and outside the Ministry of Ayush. It covered core concepts of bioinformatics and Ayurveda, hands-on training on various techniques and software used in CADD, and interpretation and publishing of results. AIIA is committed to large-scale capacity building and developing research-based solutions for surfacing Ayurinformatics at global scientific platforms.