bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nernst effect in anisotropic four-terminal topological nodal-line semimetals
Authors: Cheng Xue-Yan , Yang Ning-Xuan , Wang Rui , Song Chun-Yan , Liao Hui , Fan Ting
Published: June 2023

The Nernst effect is the transverse mode of thermoelectric transport, in which a longitudinal thermal gradient induces a transverse current in the conductor while under a perpendicular magnetic field. Here the Nernst effect in a mesoscopic topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSMs) system of four-terminal cross-bar with the spin–orbit coupling under a perpendicular magnetic field is studied. The Nernst coefficient N

c
in two non-equivalen connection modes (k

z
–y mode and k

x
–y mode) is calculated based on the tight-binding Hamiltonian combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. When the magnetic field is absent with φ = 0.0, the Nernst coefficient

N

c

=
0

is exactly regardless of the temperature. When the magnetic field is not zero, the Nernst coefficient exhibits a series of densely oscillating peaks. The height of peak strongly depends on the magnetic field, and the Nernst coefficient is an even function of the Fermi energy

E

F

satisfying the symmetrical property

N

c

(
−

E

F

)
=

N

c

(

E

F

)

. The Nernst coefficient is also closely related to the temperature

. When the temperature is very low (or

), the Nernst coefficient depends linearly on temperature. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, the Nernst coefficient shows peaks when the Fermi energy crosses the Landau levels. Under the weak magnetic field, the influence of spin–orbit coupling in TNLSMs materials on Nernst effect is very obvious. In the presence of the mass term, the PT-symmetry of the system is destroyed, the nodal ring of TNLSMs is broken and an energy gap will be opened. The Nernst coefficient N

c
has a large value in the energy gap, which is very promising for the application of the transverse thermoelectric transport.
A more convenient method to predict gravitational acceleration (g) using smartphone’s proximity sensor in a simple pendulum experiment
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Akmam Akmam , Susanti Eka , Febriani Annisa
Published: June 2023

The application of smartphones in physics learning is inevitable because of the advanced technology installed in them. The simple pendulum is a classical topic in physics relating to gravitational acceleration. Smartphones are equipped with a proximity sensor that can record the period of an oscillating pendulum. A method to determine gravitational acceleration (g) using a smartphone proximity sensor in a simple pendulum experiment was presented in this study. This proposed method is more convenient and straightforward because it does not require additional equipment apart from string and bob. Furthermore, the simplicity of this method is assisted by software used that is able to display directly the results of period measurement that subsequently were applied to calculate the gravitational acceleration (g). The string length was varied to analyze the consistency of measurement results. The calculated g values were compared to the local gravity value and produced a relative error with a range of 0.11%–0.54%. The reported g value combined with uncertainty propagation was 9.75 ± 0.02 ms−2.
Investigation of the muonic atoms distribution in materials through muonic x-rays momentum simulation using Geant4
Authors: Hu Yihao , Kuang Peng , Li Chong , Liu Fuyan , Wu Haibiao , Xiao Detao , Zhang Peng , Wang Baoyi , Cao Xingzhong , Wei Long
Published: June 2023

Determining the distribution of muonic atoms is essential for μ-X ray imaging. In this study, the generation and de-excitation of muonic atoms in multi-elemental targets were simulated using the Monte Carlo software toolkit Geant4. An approach that reconstructs the production sites of muonic atoms from the μ-X ray momentum is proposed. The imaging results indicated a high simulated spatial resolution of 0.1 mm and a significant increase in the detection efficiency compared to that achieved by the 3-mm pinhole imaging technique. In addition, an analysis of the image quality index (Q) revealed that a superior image quality can be achieved for elements with high and medium atomic numbers. The proposed method has the potential to be further developed into an accurate and efficient technique for positioning the distribution of elements.
Determining the calibration factor of Rn-220 by low-pressure scintillation cell
Authors: Fan Z , Xie R , Cai X , Hu T , Luo Y , Qin F , Qiu S , Tan Y , Shan J
Published: June 2023

Accurately measuring Rn-220 is crucial for evaluating natural radiation exposure. For the large volume of normal scintillation cell, the detection efficiencies for different energy of α particles decayed from Rn-222, Rn-220 and their progeny are varied. To address this, two systems of the low-pressure scintillation cell were designed to make the shortest range of α particles with minimum energy decayed from Rn-222 longer than the longest distance between any two points in the scintillation cell by reducing air pressure. Thus, the detection efficiencies of the low-pressure scintillation cell for α particles decayed from Rn-222, Rn-220 and their progeny are same. The detection efficiency of low-pressure scintillation cell for α particles can be obtained by the standard radon chamber, and then the calibration factor of Rn-220 can be determined by low-pressure scintillation. Several verification experiments were performed. The experimental results show that the detection efficiencies of Rn-222 and Rn-220 at the air pressure of 0.4 P are very close and become saturated for lower values of air pressure. The calibration factor of Rn-220 calculated using the detection efficiency (0.76 ± 0.04) at the air pressure of 0.4 P is 53.75 Bq m−3 min−1 ± 2.96 Bq m−3 min−1 (k = 1).
Construction of determinants for the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions
Authors: Minin Mikhail D , Pronko Andrei G , Tarasov Vitaly O
Published: June 2023

We consider the problem of construction of determinant formulas for the partition function of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions that depend on two sets of spectral parameters. In the pioneering works of Korepin and Izergin a determinant formula was proposed and proved using a recursion relation. In later works, equivalent determinant formulas were given by Kostov for the rational case and by Foda and Wheeler for the trigonometric case. Here, we develop an approach in which the recursion relation is replaced by a system of algebraic equations with respect to one of the two sets of spectral parameters. We prove that this system has a unique solution. The result can be easily given as a determinant parametrized by an arbitrary basis of polynomials. In particular, the choice of the basis of Lagrange polynomials with respect to the remaining set of spectral parameters leads to the Izergin–Korepin representation, and the choice of the monomial basis leads to the Kostov and Foda–Wheeler representations.
LNG Type C, Cylindrical Weight Design Limitation Based on Shipbuiding Facilities
Authors: Wibowo D A , Sasmito C , Manti M F , Muis A , Iskendar  , Gutami N I , Qonita Z
Published: June 2023

Supporting climate change mitigation and sustainable energy due to its ability to reduce CO2, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) considered as promising alternative fuel. In a particular small market with LNG demand between 2,500 m3 to 7,500 m3, utilization of LNG type-C, cylindrical tanks are compatible to use in small-scale LNG carrier. In order to overcome these challenges, Indonesian industry need to design the tank’s volume and weight requirements.while also taking into account the capabilities of the shipbuilding facilities. The weight of the tank, which comprises the weight of the outer tank and dished end, are the decision variable in the approach for weight estimation analysis, which carried by using using extrapolation to search optimum diameter and length of the tank The objective function is maximization of the tank capacity. The capability of the lifting equipment in the shipyard is the limitation used in this paper. This research data is based on the shipyard capability of PT. PAL Indonesia, PT. Dok dan Perkapalan Kodja Bahari (Persero), PT. Industri Kapal Indonesia, and PT. Batamec Shipyard. Result obtained that maximum volume of 5,663.369 m3 LNG type C, weight about 450.671 tons with maximum crane lifting capacity in shipyard are 500 tons
The Development of Ship Recycling Facility Cluster in Indonesia
Authors: Hariyanto  , Gutami N I , Qonita Z , Shabrina N , Wibowo D A , Muhtadi A
Published: June 2023

With a number of 80.849 units ship operating in Indonesia, the Ministry of Transportation estimates that 29,944 units ship of those vessels have been in service for more than 20 years. Furthermore, recycling ships are necessary. Ship Recycling Facility (SRF) should be ecologically friendly following International Maritime Organization (IMO) policy under the Hong Kong International Convention. Docks, cranes, steel cutters, and warehousing are necessary. SRF facilities, along with ecologically suitable hazardous material treatment. If this facility became a cluster, it would operate more effectively. This study aims to provide a different area in Indonesia where a prospective SRF cluster could grow. This research uses Diamond Porter’s method to determine a country’s comparative economic advantage towards the SRF cluster in Alang City, Gujarat, India, which is the global leader in ship recycling. The factor conditions; related and supporting industries; demand conditions; and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry are all examined in this study. To accommodate ship owners, the SRF business, and the government in carrying out ship recycling, the results of this study are a reference for formulating specific regulations for the SRF cluster. This research found that Kamal and Bojonegara are viable for the SRF cluster.
Vulnerability of Ship with a Large Breadth to Draught Ratio Against Excessive Acceleration Criteria
Authors: Paroka D. , Muhammad A.H. , Rahman S. , Assidiq Fuad Mahfud
Published: June 2023

A ship having a large breadth and small draught may have a large metacentric height. Therefore, the ship could be vulnerable to the excessive acceleration criteria. In order to investigate the vulnerability, an Indonesian ro-ro ferry with breadth to draught ratio of 5.31 was used to apply the criteria. The lateral acceleration and the long-term probability index with limited scatter wave data of International Maritim Organization were calculated for passenger or crew accommodation in full loading condition. The calculation was conducted for variation of metacentric height using the JONSWAP spectrum to modelled irregular wave. The results show that the maximum vertical distance from the roll axis to comply with the criteria level 1 was 8.7% of ship breadth. The metacentric height comply with the criteria level 1 for the passenger or crew accommodation was 1.4 metres corresponding to 8.7% of ship breadth. The maximum wave height comply with the criteria level 2 was 5 metres. These results show that the excessive acceleration criteria can be used to assess stability of a ship with large ratio between breadth and draught. The vertical distance from the roll axis has more significant effect on the lateral acceleration than the metacentric height.
Effect of debonding damage on transient dynamic response on stern ramp door of passenger ship 6311 GT
Authors: Tuswan Tuswan , Amiruddin Wilma , Yudo Hartono , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Anjasmara Haikal
Published: June 2023

The sandwich, as an advanced material, increases innovation in the field of ship construction. One of the applications is on the ramp door structure. The characteristics of sandwich material which are light and strong, are the main reasons for the application of this material. However, sandwich material also has drawbacks, one of which is debonding damage, where the bond between the face and core is released. This damage can affect the structure’s stiffness, which impacts reducing the strength of the structure on the ramp door. The effect of debonding is identified by performing numerical tests using finite element software. This test aims to identify the ramp door’s dynamic response due to the debonding damage’s influence. This research uses finite element software with an explicit dynamics method to determine the dynamic response of stress and displacement due to loading on the ramp door. The results of testing with finite element software show that an increase in the ratio of debonding damage causes the amplitude of the dynamic response to increase when subjected to transient loading.
Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Aspects of Turbine which Convert Hydrokinetic and Potential Coastal Wave Energy
Authors: Rahuna Daif , Erwandi  , Kasharjanto Afian , Suyanto Eko Marta , Mintarso Cahyadi Sugeng Jati
Published: June 2023

Currently, the exploration of ocean renewable energy sources was mostly carried out to obtain optimal results and low cost. The waves that arrive on the beach consist of both potential energy where the water surface moves up and down and hydrokinetic energy where the volume of water comes and goes into the beach sand. They had the potential to be converted to electricity. This paper explained the study of the hydrodynamic aspects of turbines that convert hydrokinetic and potential coastal wave energy. The vertical axis darrieus turbine was modified to catch both energies. It could convert energies from hydrokinetics and the potential of waves simultaneously, whereas a vertical axis turbine with 6 horizontal blades and 3 vertical blades in a shaft. Testing was done at the testing Tank, Hydrodynamic Technology Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency. The hydrodynamic tests were with 3 turbine variations, wave variations, and current velocity. The test results, vertical axis turbines with horizontal blades could receive wave energy, due to the orbital motion of water particles and vertical blades were very effective in receiving current energy so that turbines with 2 types of vertical and horizontal blades could convert wave and current energy.
Performance Evaluation Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) On Tidal Power Generation Optimization
Authors: Handoko C R , Mukhtasor  , Koenhardono E S
Published: June 2023

In a tidal current energy generation system, optimization of power generation can be done through turbine design, system design, and control of mechanical transmission from the turbine to the generator, as well as from the aspect of electronic generator output control. This research aims to analyze the performance of the PMSG generator from a prototype of the tidal current energy power plant. Turbine rotation is simulated using an ac motor equipped with an ac drive that supports separate speed and torque control. The hydraulic transmission system consists of a pump and a hydraulic motor that transfers the rotation of the turbine to the generator, where the power output is observed with variations in turbine speed and torque. The results indicate that the transmission system has worked well in transmitting the turbine’s mechanical power and increasing the rotational speed. The decrease in speed with increasing load and low average efficiency (less than 20%) occurs, mainly due to the characteristics of the generator being tested. The generator has a large rated torque requirement of 32 Nm, which is much higher than the main drive capacity of the turbine simulator. The design of a tidal energy conversion system, in which the tidal current speed fluctuates, requires careful selection of the generator, not only from the aspect of power capacity and rated rotational speed, but also from the initial torque value and required rated torque.
Study of Diameter-to-Draft Ratio of Pitch Point Absorber as Wave Energy Converter in Indonesia Waters Based on Boundary Element Method
Authors: Aulia A , Athallah A G , Albasyir M A , Selvia S P , Darisman H A , Satrio D
Published: June 2023

Recently, harnessing the energy from low wave energy density areas is concerned to deal with renewable energy targets. The previous study proposed a pitch point absorber with a submerged sectional equivalent area as the design parameter. However, that parameter did not suggest the best sectional area and did not directly correlate with the theory of structure hydrodynamic. Thus, this research proposes the diameter-to-draft ratio as a design parameter for the pitch point absorber. The study was conducted numerically using Boundary Element Method software to investigate diffraction characteristics of the device and analyze structure response in irregular waves. The model was modified with five different diameters and ratios. JONSWAP Spectrum was used to generate wave elevation with a 2-m significant wave height and 10-second peak period. The time domain simulation was set at 10.800 seconds. The result of this study showed that the highest responses occurred when the diameter-to-draft ratio was 5 because it has the closest structure natural frequency to assumed wave frequency, which makes it easier to resonate. In all diameters, the higher ratio affects the range of the structure natural frequency getting farther from the assumed wave, so the responses become smaller.
Oceanographic survey on current due to breaking wave for energy generations: a case study of Pacitan bay, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari S , Mukhtasor  , Satrio D , Rahmawati S
Published: June 2023

The southern sea of Indonesia faces the open ocean i.e., the Indian Ocean. This provides an initial hypothesis that the location has a ti potential for wave energy throughout the year. The current due to the breaking wave is estimated to have a high velocity. This study focuses on analyzing the velocity of current oceanographic survey due to breaking waves with a case study in Pacitan bay, East Java, Indonesia. The oceanographic survey method uses ADCP and a Current Meter to capture wave and current data sampling with the purpose of the research was for the electrical energy generation near the coast. ADCP is used to record the occurrence of waves and ocean currents before the wave break. The Current Meter is used to record current occurrences after the wave breaks. The instantaneous absolute current velocity, ca, and return current velocity, U, reach a value of 2-3 m/s.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Motion Response of Side-by-Side Two Floating Vessels in Waves
Authors: Bafadhal H M , Prastianto R W , Murdjito  , Rosyid D M , Mulyadi Y , Ardhiansyah F
Published: June 2023

In the world of oil and gas, there will definitely be a structure for either the production process, exploration and so on. The structure consists of three types, namely the fixed structure, the floating structure and the moored structure. Floating structures can be the best option in terms of cost and time. Things that can interfere with floating structure when operating are environmental loads. One example of its operation is offloading, it can be offloading side by side or tandem configurations. The main focus of this study is the motion response both when single body and side by side configuration. The result of experimental studies obtained the maximum RAO (Response Amplitude Operator) for heave, surge, and pitch motion modes occurred when the model was configured side by side with a distance of 0.5 from the width. For numerical studies, the maximum RAO of heave motion when single body is 0.69 cm/cm, the maximum RAO of surge motion occurs when side by side configuration with a gap of 10 cm which is 0.71 cm/cm, and the maximum RAO of pitch motion occurs when the model is configured side by side with a gap of 10 cm which is 1.54 rad/rad.
Exploring the Impact of Covid 19 on the Maritime Transport Sector
Authors: Deeb Nowar , Leonardo Adam
Published: June 2023

In the maritime industry, The unanticipated COVID-19 viral epidemic is an unforeseeable circumstance, and other nations implemented enormous containment measures to stop the Coronavirus epidemic from spreading around the world. Thus, directly affecting the maritime shipping sector. This paper will discuss the current problems facing the shipping industry, taking into account the congestion problems, delays, and uncertainty timeframes, using the Los Angeles port as a case study. These problems and more were addressed directly by increasing the operating hours, workload, and available staff, and indirectly by looking for alternatives for shipping goods, and creating more cargo space, furthermore, this study will use Monte Carlo simulation to predict the effectiveness of these solutions on the congestion at the port.
Effects of adding sideboard and longitudinal bulkhead construction on ship stability of open-top cargo ship
Authors: Rosyada Amron , Endro W R Dimas , Arif Kurniawan M
Published: June 2023

The cargo cover removal on cargo ship will surely affect the technical condition of ship accomplishment that is regulated by rule. In this study, the author would like to evaluate the down-flooding point and free surface effect on open-top cargo ship to the stability acceptance criteria using IMO and DNV test procedures. The simulation result shows that the ship stability value is not in the range of the value required with IMO A.749(18) stability criteria. The failures are caused by lower down-flooding point and free surface effect. The Construction modifications effect by adding sideboard and longitudinal bulkhead is believed can increase the stability value. The simulation result using modified construction shows that the stability value is getting better. Using IMO MSC.Circular608 test procedure, the green-water is still allowed to enter cargo room of modified ship, 633,56 m3 at 25% load, 428,87 m3 at 50% load, and 194.94 m3 at 75% load. It is better than the previous ship that the green-water is not allowed at all. Using DNV test procedure, all of the modified ship stability values are accepted by IMO A.749(18). The value of area 30-40° is 21.06~21.00 m.deg and the value of maximum GZ angle is 28.2°.
Using genetic algorithm for fleet assignment of small-scale LNG supply chain
Authors: Hadi Firmanto , Supomo Heri , Achmadi Tri
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the development of a model of how to assign LNG carriers from a single LNG source to a number of scattered small-scale power plants in a milk-run operation strategy. Typically, researchers assume that ports/terminals to be visited are as given parameters. In this paper, the specifications of ports/terminals (infrastructures) are considered in the model as a consequence of the selected LNG carriers. The objective is to determine the optimum size and number of LNG carriers for a particular route by minimizing the unit logistics costs which include shipping costs and required infrastructures (ports and facilities) costs. The proposed approach of this paper is a metaheuristic by using genetic algorithm. The computational results shows that the optimal solution can be achieved in a relatively short period of time and the optimum cuve satisfies the law of deminishing returns. Finally, some encouraging computational results and suggestions for further study are presented.
Analysis of hull performance on fast patrol boat with an extended study of survivability under damaged conditions
Authors: Pratama A S , Prabowo A R , Muhayat N , Putranto T , Tuswan T
Published: June 2023

The prevalence of maritime accidents that occur due to ship leakage causes a significant risk to the safety of passengers and crew. Therefore, it is important to estimate stability during critical conditions, including characterizing the hull performance in sailing conditions. This research analyzes the effect of compartments and bulkheads on the ship’s stability when a leak occurs. The research method was carried out using the numerical approach to obtain resistance, stability, and large-angle stability results. The study also uses floodable length simulations to predict ship leakage and the distance between compartments. The variations were composed, including the location of the compartments and the distance between the partitions. Based on the obtained results, it can be seen that the addition of the compartment will affect the intensity of the ship to sink completely. Furthermore, the effect of leakage in each compartment will contribute to the stability state of the ship.
Effect of bilge keel variations on the designed fast patrol boats to hull resistance and stability behaviours
Authors: Rahmaji T , Prabowo A R , Muhayat N , Tuswan T , Putranto T
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyse the effect of variations in the addition of bilge keel on the value of resistance, ship stability, and seakeeping performances. The research method is carried out by designing and analysing the hull design of the fast patrol boat type with variations in the addition of a bilge keel. Variations made on the bilge keel include length and width. The length variations are considered by applying 4 m, 5 m, and 6 m, while the variations in width include 0.3 m, 0.4 m, and 0.5 m. This study indicates that the nine variations of the bilge keels model with a combination of length and width do not show a significant difference in the resistance value on each ship. Then, for the stability criteria, the bilge keel model IX, with a length of 6 m and a width of 0.5 m, has the best stability value compared to other variations. Meanwhile, the addition of bilge keel in the seakeeping simulation did not show a significant difference. The parameters of this analysis consider the primary needs of fast patrol boats to support the development of shipping technology.
Formal Safety Assessment for determining sensitive area due to traffic of tourism vessels at Lombok Strait
Authors: Prastyasari F I , Dinariyana A A B , Nugroho T F , Sukmana A S
Published: June 2023

Lombok Strait has been determined as one of the Indonesia Archipelagic Sea Lane (IASL) passageways. It is also home to many tourism spots, such as Nusa Penida, that result in an increase in traffic density. Nusa Penida has been designated as a Marine Protected Area (MPA) since 2010. However, there is a need to define the sensitive area of Nusa Penida to protect it from the activities of vessels that can further harm the conserved area. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology that aims to improve safety in the maritime, including environmental aspects, using risk analysis and cost-benefit assessment. The result of this study is that ten hazards are categorized as possible hazards and then narrowed into five potential hazards—the one that will be analyzed is tourism activities. The frequency analysis of this study only considers tourism vessels namely Pleasure, Passenger, Fishing, and Sailing Vessels. The consequence analysis provided recommendations for a safe distance of vessels considering the hearing threshold of Sunfish (150 dB) which is 5000 m and coral reef (157 dB) is around 10 m. The proposed design of the sensitive area was based on the Nusa Penida MPA with changes in 2 coordinates considering ship activity as one additional aspect.
Design and experiment of high load-bearing acrylic connection node for the world's largest acrylic spherical vessel
Authors: Qian Xiaohui , Ma Xiaoyan , Heng Yuekun , He Wei , Qin Zhonghua , Tang Hongqiang , Xiao Jianxia , Zhang Gaofeng , Cheng Wei , Li Lei , Chen Tao , Liu Chang , Hou Shaojing , Pei Yatian , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: June 2023

Acrylic is a kind of polymer material and is gradually applied to load-bearing components. The working stress and ultimate bearing capacity of the acrylic structure are the main design indexes. Aiming at the world’s largest acrylic spherical vessel, the structural design, finite element analysis and full-size prototype tensile test of a new acrylic connection node were carried out in this paper. This acrylic node will bear 90 kN tension force for 20 years. According to the viscoelastic characteristics of the material and the working environment, the stress of acrylic should be controlled below 3.5 MPa for long term used. At the time, the ultimate bearing capacity should be greater than 6 times the working load. According to the stress-strain curve of acrylic, its tensile strength is about 75 MPa. There is no obvious plastic deformation after fracture, showing the material characteristics of brittle fracture. According to the failure analysis of previous acrylic node structures and the characteristics of acrylic, the new acrylic node structure is proposed in this paper. Its performance is improved by reducing the cutting amount of acrylic nodes, optimizing the structure of embedded part and avoiding sharp corners. A 1/4 symmetrical acrylic node model is established FEA software, and the nonlinear problems such as material nonlinearity and friction contact are solved by finite element method. The FEA results show that the maximum principal stress of the node is about 2.92 MPa. The relative error between the FEA results and the experimental results is 7.24%, indicating that the FEA results are credible. The ultimate tensile load of the node can reach 1000 kN, which is about 11 times the working load. The failure of the node occurs at a sharp corner of the groove, instead of the maximum stress point. Therefore, stress concentration caused by sharp corners should be avoided in the design of acrylic structure.
Microwave chemical durability of an iron-rich glass-ceramic dedicated for high-level radioactive waste
Authors: Moudir D , Souag R , Kamel N , Aouchiche F , Mouheb Y , Kamariz Soumia
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the effect of crystallization time (tc) in the structure of an iron-rich glass-ceramic (GC) dedicated for high-level radioactive waste (HLW), ceramized by nucleation–crystallization treatment at 790 °C for 2 h and 950 °C, for different periods ranging from 3 to 12 h. Density, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and Microwave chemical durability results are shown. Considering all the materials, Archimedes’ density is between 2.607 and 2.634 g cm−3. Both XRD and SEM analyses revealed the development of two main crystalline phases, spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) and (Zr, Ln) molybdate La2Zr3(MoO4)9, during the heat treatment. These phases regularly grow by the increase of crystallization time. They are known as radionuclides’ sequestration minerals. FTIR analysis confirms the complex GCs chemical composition. The microwave chemical durability test performed on GCs crystallized at tc = 9 h was conducted to evaluate their chemical stability. The leachates of the elements: Al, Fe, Mg, Li, Mo, Na, Si, and Zr were analyzed by ICP-OES. RLi values of Al, Mg, Mo, and Zr elements representing the radioactive waste (RW), vary between 2.3218 × 10−8 and 2.9204 × 10−8 kg m−2d. For Fe and Li, were slightly lower. However, RLSi was highest reaching 1.7457 × 10−6 kg m−2d−1. The elementary percentages extracted during the dissolution test for all elements are less than 0.5%, which makes our material chemically stable. Its resistance to such an aggressive dissolution test makes it a good candidate for the confinement of some RW elements.
Identities of the algebra 𝕆⊗𝕆
Authors: Blachar Guy , Rowen Louis , Vishne Uzi
Published: June 2023

We find nonassociative polynomial identities of minimal degree, which is

7
7

, for the algebras

O

⊗

O

{\mathbb {O}}{\otimes _{}}{\mathbb {O}}

and

M

2

(

O

)

{\operatorname {M}_{2}}({\mathbb {O}})

, where

O

{\mathbb {O}}

is the octonion algebra.
When Is Every Non Central-Unit A Sum of Two Nilpotents?
Authors: Breaz Simion , Zhou Yiqiang
Published: June 2023

A ring is said to satisfy the

2
2

-nil-sum property if every non central-unit is the sum of two nilpotents. We prove that a ring satisfies the

2
2

-nil-sum property iff it is either a simple ring with the

2
2

-nil-sum property or a commutative local ring with nil Jacobson radical, and we provide an example of a simple ring with the

2
2

-nil-sum property that is not commutative. Moreover, a simple right Goldie ring has the

2
2

-nil-sum property iff it is a field.
Quasi-Self-Dual Codes over a Non-Unital Ring of Order 4
Authors: Dougherty Steven , Şahinkaya Serap
Published: June 2023

We relate quasi-self-dual codes over a non-unital ring to additive self-dual codes over the additive group of the ring. We show that the Hamming weight enumerator of a quasi-self-dual code over this non-unital ring must belong to the same ring of invariants that self-dual codes over the Frobenius rings with unities belong. Additionally, the Hamming weight enumerator of a Type IV code over

E
E

must reside in the same ring of invariants as a Type IV code over the field of order

4
4

.
Technology-guided assessment of vocalisations and their diagnostic value as pain indicators for people living with dementia
Authors: Hoti Kreshnik , Atee Mustafa , Chivers Paola , Vahia Ipsit , Hughes Jeffrey
Published: June 2023

Background

during pain assessment in persons unable to self-report, such as people living with dementia, vocalisations are commonly used as pain indicators. However, there is a lack of evidence from clinical practice regarding their diagnostic value and relationship with pain. We aimed to explore vocalisations and pain in people with dementia undergoing pain assessments in clinical practice settings.

Methods

a total of 22,194 pain assessments were reviewed in people with dementia (n = 3,144) from 34 different Australian aged care homes and two dementia specific programs. Pain assessments were conducted by 389 purposely trained health care professionals and cares using PainChek pain assessment tool. Vocalised expressions were determined based on nine vocalisation features included in the tool. Linear mixed models were used to examine the relationship of pain scores with vocalisation features. Using a single pain assessment for each of the 3,144 people with dementia, additional data analysis was conducted via Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis and Principal Component Analysis.

Results

vocalisation scores increased with increasing pain intensity. High pain scores were more likely with the presence of sighing and screaming (8 times). The presence of vocalisation features varied depending on the intensity of pain. The ROC optimal criterion for the voice domain yielded a cut-off score of ≥2.0 with a Youden index of 0.637. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 79.7% [confidence interval (CI): 76.8–82.4%] and 84.0% (CI: 82.5–85.5%), respectively.

Conclusion

we describe vocalisation features during presence of different levels of pain in people with dementia unable to self-report, therefore providing evidence in regard to their diagnostic value in clinical practice.
Lessons from the history ofAgave: ecological and cultural context for valuation of CAM
Authors: Davis Sarah C , Ortiz-Cano Hector G
Published: June 2023

Background and Scope

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is an intriguing physiological adaptation in plants that are widespread throughout many ecosystems. Despite the relatively recent mechanistic understanding of CAM in plant physiology, evidence from historical records suggests that ancient cultures in the Americas also recognized the value of CAM plants. Agave species, in particular, have a rich cultural legacy that provides a foundation for commercially valued products. Here, we review that legacy and potential relationships between ancient values and the needs of modern-day climate adaptation strategies.

Conclusions

There are many products that can be produced from Agave species, including food, sugar, fibre and medicines. Traditional knowledge about agricultural management and preparation of plant products can be combined with new ecophysiological knowledge and agronomic techniques to develop these resources in the borderland region of the southwestern USA and Mexico. Historical records of pre-Columbian practices in the Sonoran desert and remnants of centuries-old agriculture in Baja California and Sonora demonstrate the climate resilience of Agave agriculture. Commercial growth of both tequila and bacanora indicates the potential for large-scale production today, but also underscores the importance of adopting regenerative agricultural practices to accomplish environmentally sustainable production. Recent international recognition of the Appellation of Origin for several Agave species produced for spirits in Mexico might provide opportunities for agricultural diversification. In contrast, fibre is currently produced from several Agave species on many continents. Projections of growth with future climate change suggest that Agave spp. will be viable alternatives for commodity crops that suffer declines during drought and increased temperatures. Historical cultivation of Agave affirms that these CAM plants can supply sugar, soft and hard fibres, medicines and food supplements.
Functional characteristics of DNA N6-methyladenine modification based on long-read sequencing in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhou Dianshuang , Guo Shiwei , Wang Yangyang , Zhao Jiyun , Liu Honghao , Zhou Feiyang , Huang Yan , Gu Yue , Jin Gang , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2023

Abnormalities of DNA modifications are closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The development of third-generation sequencing technology has brought opportunities for the study of new epigenetic modification in cancer. Here, we screened the N6-methyladenine (6mA) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) modification in pancreatic cancer based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing. The 6mA levels were lower compared with 5mC and upregulated in pancreatic cancer. We developed a novel method to define differentially methylated deficient region (DMDR), which overlapped 1319 protein-coding genes in pancreatic cancer. Genes screened by DMDRs were more significantly enriched in the cancer genes compared with the traditional differential methylation method (P < 0.001 versus P = 0.21, hypergeometric test). We then identified a survival-related signature based on DMDRs (DMDRSig) that stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that 891 genes were closely related to alternative splicing. Multi-omics data from the cancer genome atlas showed that these genes were frequently altered in cancer samples. Survival analysis indicated that seven genes with high expression (ADAM9, ADAM10, EPS8, FAM83A, FAM111B, LAMA3 and TES) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. In addition, the distinction for pancreatic cancer subtypes was determined using 46 subtype-specific genes and unsupervised clustering. Overall, our study is the first to explore the molecular characteristics of 6mA modifications in pancreatic cancer, indicating that 6mA has the potential to be a target for future clinical treatment.
CATAD: exploring topologically associating domains from an insight of core-attachment structure
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Li Yiming , Zou Mengxi , Kong Xiangyan , Sheng Yu
Published: June 2023

Identifying topologically associating domains (TADs), which are considered as the basic units of chromosome structure and function, can facilitate the exploration of the 3D-structure of chromosomes. Methods have been proposed to identify TADs by detecting the boundaries of TADs or identifying the closely interacted regions as TADs, while the possible inner structure of TADs is seldom investigated. In this study, we assume that a TAD is composed of a core and its surrounding attachments, and propose a method, named CATAD, to identify TADs based on the core-attachment structure model. In CATAD, the cores of TADs are identified based on the local density and cosine similarity, and the surrounding attachments are determined based on boundary insulation. CATAD was applied to the Hi-C data of two human cell lines and two mouse cell lines, and the results show that the boundaries of TADs identified by CATAD are significantly enriched by structural proteins, histone modifications, transcription start sites and enzymes. Furthermore, CATAD outperforms other methods in many cases, in terms of the average peak, boundary tagged ratio and fold change. In addition, CATAD is robust and rarely affected by the different resolutions of Hi-C matrices. Conclusively, identifying TADs based on the core-attachment structure is useful, which may inspire researchers to explore TADs from the angles of possible spatial structures and formation process.
SEMtree: tree-based structure learning methods with structural equation models
Authors: Grassi Mario , Tarantino Barbara
Published: June 2023

Motivation

With the exponential growth of expression and protein–protein interaction (PPI) data, the identification of functional modules in PPI networks that show striking changes in molecular activity or phenotypic signatures becomes of particular interest to reveal process-specific information that is correlated with cellular or disease states. This requires both the identification of network nodes with reliability scores and the availability of an efficient technique to locate the network regions with the highest scores. In the literature, a number of heuristic methods have been suggested. We propose SEMtree(), a set of tree-based structure discovery algorithms, combining graph and statistically interpretable parameters together with a user-friendly R package based on structural equation models framework.

Results

Condition-specific changes from differential expression and gene–gene co-expression are recovered with statistical testing of node, directed edge, and directed path difference between groups. In the end, from a list of seed (i.e. disease) genes or gene P-values, the perturbed modules with undirected edges are generated with five state-of-the-art active subnetwork detection methods. The latter are supplied to causal additive trees based on Chu–Liu–Edmonds’ algorithm (Chow and Liu, Approximating discrete probability distributions with dependence trees. IEEE Trans Inform Theory 1968;14:462–7) in SEMtree() to be converted in directed trees. This conversion allows to compare the methods in terms of directed active subnetworks. We applied SEMtree() to both Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) RNA-seq dataset (GEO accession: GSE172114) and simulated datasets with various differential expression patterns. Compared to existing methods, SEMtree() is able to capture biologically relevant subnetworks with simple visualization of directed paths, good perturbation extraction, and classifier performance.

Availability and implementation

SEMtree() function is implemented in the R package SEMgraph, easily available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SEMgraph.
Mitochondrial uncouplers impair human sperm motility without altering ATP content
Authors: Skinner Will M , Petersen Natalie T , Unger Bret , Tang Shaogeng , Tabarsi Emiliano , Lamm Julianna , Jalalian Liza , Smith James , Bertholet Ambre M , Xu Ke , Kirichok Yuriy , Lishko Polina V
Published: June 2023

In human spermatozoa, the electrochemical potentials across the mitochondrial and plasma membranes are related to sperm functionality and fertility, but the exact role of each potential has yet to be clarified. Impairing sperm mitochondrial function has been considered as an approach to creating male or unisex contraceptives, but it has yet to be shown whether this approach would ultimately block the ability of sperm to reach or fertilize an egg. To investigate whether the mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials are necessary for sperm fertility, human sperm were treated with two small-molecule mitochondrial uncouplers (niclosamide ethanolamine and BAM15) that depolarize membranes by inducing passive proton flow, and evaluated the effects on a variety of sperm physiological processes. BAM15 specifically uncoupled human sperm mitochondria while niclosamide ethanolamine induced proton current in the plasma membrane in addition to depolarizing the mitochondria. In addition, both compounds significantly decreased sperm progressive motility with niclosamide ethanolamine having a more robust effect. However, these uncouplers did not reduce sperm adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content or impair other physiological processes, suggesting that human sperm can rely on glycolysis for ATP production if mitochondria are impaired. Thus, systemically delivered contraceptives that target sperm mitochondria to reduce their ATP production would likely need to be paired with sperm-specific glycolysis inhibitors. However, since niclosamide ethanolamine impairs sperm motility through an ATP-independent mechanism, and niclosamide is FDA approved and not absorbed through mucosal membranes, it could be a useful ingredient in on-demand, vaginally applied contraceptives.
British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Dermatology assessment and support of mental health in children and young people with skin conditions: a multidisciplinary expert consensus statement and recommendations
Authors: McPherson Tess , Ravenscroft Jane , Ali Rukshana , Barlow Richard , Beattie Paula , Bewley Anthony , Bennett Sophie , Bleiker Tanya , Buckley Liz , Burgess Gary , Copperwheat Sarah  , Cunliffe Tim , Dejong Hannah , Fazel Mina , Heyman Isobel , Howard Emma  , Lambert Alice , Manktelow Claire , Moledina Zahra , Mohandas Padma , Moss Celia , Northover Guy , Paz Isabel , Proctor Andrew , Roxborough Christine , Shibib Shatha , Solman Lea , Srinivasan Jo , Wood Damian , Baron Susannah
Published: June 2023

Background

Psychological and mental health difficulties are common in children and young people (CYP) living with skin conditions and can have a profound impact on wellbeing. There is limited guidance on how best to assess and support the mental health of this population, who are at risk of poor health outcomes.

Objectives

To provide consensus-based recommendations on the assessment and monitoring of and support for mental health difficulties in CYP with skin conditions (affecting the skin, hair and nails); to address practical clinical implementation questions relating to consensus guidance; and to provide audit and research recommendations.

Methods

This set of recommendations was developed with reference to the AGREE II instrument. A systematic review and literature appraisal was carried out. A multidisciplinary consensus group was convened, with two virtual panel meetings held: an initial meeting to discuss the scope of the study, to review the current evidence and to identify areas for development; and a second meeting to agree on the content and wording of the recommendations. Recommendations were then circulated to stakeholders, following which amendments were made and agreed by email.

Results

The expert panel achieved consensus on 11 recommendations for healthcare workers managing CYP with skin conditions. A new patient-completed history-taking aid (‘You and Your Skin’) was developed and is being piloted.

Conclusions

The recommendations focus on improved mental health assessments for CYP presenting with a skin condition, with clinical guidance and suggested screening measures included. Information on accessing psychological support for CYP, when required, is given, and recommendations for staff training in mental health and neurodiversity provided. Embedding a psychosocial approach within services treating CYP with skin disease should ensure that CYP with psychological needs are able to be identified, listened to, supported and treated. This is likely to improve health outcomes.