bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value of Monoclonal Antibody 3f6 For the Detection of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens and Induced Sputum
Authors: WAZIR J. F. , MACRORIE S. G. , COLEMAN D. V.
Published: May 2007

The sensitivity and specificity of different staining procedures for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii organisms were compared. Three conventional stains (Papanicolaou, Giemsa and Grocott's) and one immunocytochemical stain using 3F6 antibody were used on smears prepared from the same specimen. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum (IS) specimens were used for this purpose. One hundred and sixty‐five episodes from 142 patients were investigated by the four different staining techniques. Cysts of P. carinii were detected in 64 episodes from 63 patients. Immunocytochemical staining with 3F6 was found to be slightly more sensitive at detecting the cysts than Grocott's, Giemsa, or Papanicolaou stain.

La sensibilité et la spécificité des différentes méthodes de coloration pour la détection de Pneumocystis carinii ont été comparées. Trois colorations conventionnelles (Papanicolaou, Giemsa et Grocott) et un immunomarquage avec l'anticorps 3F6 ont été utilisés sur des frottis d'un même échantillon. Le liquide de lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA) et l'expectoration provoquée (EP) ont constitué le matériel d'étude. Cent soixante cinq échantillons provenant de 142 patients ont étéétudiés avec ces 4 techniques de coloration. Les kystes de P. carinii ont été détectés dans 64 échantillons chez 63 malades. L'immunocytochimie avec l'anticorps 3F6 est légèrement plus sensible pour la détection des kystes que le Grocott, le Giemsa ou le Papanicolaou.

Die Sensitivität und Spezifität von verschiedenen Färbeverfahren wurden hinsichtlich des Nachweises von Pneumocystis carinii verglichen. Hierbei wurden Papanicolaou‐, Giemsa‐ und Grocott‐Färbung sowie der immunocytochemische Nachweis mit dem Antikörper 3F6 am selben Material verglichen, wobei sowohl BAL als auch induziertes Sputum verwandt wurden. 165 Episoden von 142 Patienten wurden mit den 4 Darstellungsverfahren untersucht. P. carinii‐Cysten wurden in 64 Proben von 63 Patienten gefunden. Der immuncytochemische nachweis mit 3F6 erwies sich als etwas sensitiver als Grokott‐, Giemsa‐ oder Papanicolaou‐Färbung.
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia: Relationship Between Cyst Size and Response to Treatment
Authors: WAZIR J. F. , WADSWORTH J. , COLEMAN D. V.
Published: May 2007

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common cause of death in patients with AIDS. Diagnosis is based on cytological examination of smears prepared from induced sputum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens which have been stained with methenamine silver. We have examined 46 BAL/induced sputum specimens from patients who had clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of P. carinii pneumonia and measured the diameter of a minimum 100 cysts in each specimen. We found that cyst size correlated with response to treatment with co‐trimoxazole. This observation has implications for the therapeutic management of patients with this infection.

La pneumopathie áPneumocystis carinii est une cause de décès fréquente chez les patients atteints d'un syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (SIDA). Le diagnostic est basé sur l'examen cytologique des frottis préparés à partir du produit d'expectoration provoquée ou du liquide de lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA), après coloration de Grocott. Le diamètre d'au moins 100 kystes par échantillon a été mesuré dans 46 prélèvements de LBA/expectoration provoquée de patients présentant des signes cliniques suggérant une pneumopathie àPneumocystis carinii. Nous avons constaté que le diamètre des kystes est corrélé avec la réponse au traitment par co‐trimoxazole, Cette observation a des implications sur la conduite du traitement des patients porteurs de cette infection.

PCP ist eine häufige Todesursache bei HIV‐Patienten. Die diagnose beruht auf dem cytologischen Nachweis in induzierten Sputumausstrichen oder bronchio‐lo‐alveolären Lavagen mit der Grokott‐Färbung. In 46 positiven Fällen wurde der Durchmesser von mindestens 100 Cysten in jeder Probe gemessen und eine Korrelation zum Behandlungserfolg mit Co‐Trimoxazol nachgewiesen.
DNA quantification is technically feasible and of value in cervical smear samples: possible applications for determination of progression in low grade dyskaryosis
Authors: WALSH C. B. , THORNHILL M. , KAY E. , WHELAN D. , BARRY D. , TURNER M. , PRENDIVILLE W. , LEADER M.
Published: May 2007

This study evaluates the feasibility of DNA analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN III) lesions on cervical smear and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue (FFPET) blocks with a view to extending this type of analysis to milder grades of dyskaryosis. DNA ploidy was determined by image analysis using a CAS 200 Image Analyser. Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of CIN III were studied. Results show that all smear and tissue samples were non‐diploid with nine aneuploid and eight tetraploid lesions. In 6/7 patients whose smears and corresponding biopsies were examined there was complete agreement as to the DNA profile. We conclude that DNA quantification is technically feasible in archival, routinely prepared cervical smears. This technique should now be applied to CINI and CINII cervical smears to determine if it is of value in identifying those lesions that will progress to CIN III. This study is particularly timely with the possibility in the near future of estimation of ploidy by image analysis using instruments such as the Highly Optimized Microscope Environment (HOME) system.
Scanning electron microscopic analysis of breast aspirates
Authors: CHAUDHARY J. , MUNSHI M.
Published: May 2007

Scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM) of 50 pre‐selected breast aspirates was performed after light microscopy and cytomorphological evaluation. SEM analysis of these aspirates revealed the presence of microvilli (mv), microprojections, blebs and irregular contours in malignant cells. Benign cells were regular, globular and smooth. SEM provided additional morphologic data which if used in conjunction with light microscopy can assist in reaching a correct diagnosis.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA)‐induced necrosis of tumours of the thyroid
Authors: RAMP U. , PFITZER P. , GABBERT H. E.
Published: May 2007

Two cases of necrosis of thyroid oxyphilic tumours following FNA are reported. the first patient received surgery 4 weeks after FNA and histological examination revealed an encapsulated and totally necrotic tumour 2 cm in diameter. In the second patient surgery was performed after 25 days. Histological examination showed a 0.7 cm diameter tumour consisting mainly of fibrous tissue with residual oxyphilic tumour cells only in a small peripheral rim. In both patients no capsular or vascular invasion and no blood vessel thrombosis were present. A review of the literature revealed that oxyphilic tumours are susceptible to post‐FNA necrosis, which might be due to the compromised vascular supply after FNA in conjunction with the intrinsic energy deficiency of oncocytic tumour cells.
An assessment of partial rescreening as an internal quality control method for cervical smears
Authors: JOHNSON S. J. , HAIR T. , GIBSON L. , RIDLEY B. , WADEHRA V.
Published: May 2007

Partial screening was performed on 10 800 cervical smears, comprising 8640 filed negative and unsatisfactory smears and 2160 newly received smears prior to conventional screening. Each slide was screened for 30 s and those considered abnormal were reviewed by standard screening. Partial screening led to the detection of 27 additional infections and 44 additional cytological abnormalities. These detection rates are better than those obtained with the traditional method of rescreening only a proportion of smears. Amongst the smears partially screened before conventional screening, partial screening detected 37‐66% of infections and 22‐71% of cytological abnormalities. We recommend the use of partial rescreening of all negatively reported smears as a method of internal quality control in cervical cytology laboratories.
The role of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in a district general hospital setting
Authors: MERCHANT W. J. , THOMAS S. M. , COPPEN M. J. , PRENTICE M. G.
Published: May 2007

The pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the role of FNA cytology in the clinical management of patients with thyroid swelling, in a District General Hospital (DGH) setting. One hundred and eleven patients were investigated over a period of 3 years, with a total of 142 fine needle aspirations. Statistical analysis showed a sensitivity of 71%, a specificity of 91% and a false negative rate of 2.7%. These results compare very favourably with other institutions. This study therefore shows that thyroid nodule FNA cytology can be performed in a DGH with a high standard of diagnostic accuracy, the results of which play a key role in patient management.
Expression of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I Receptor and Transferrin Receptor By Breast Cancer Cells In Pleural Effusion Smears
Authors: ATHANASSIADOU P. , ATHANASSIADES P. , PETRAKAKOU E. , MAVRIKAKIS M. , KONSTANTOPOULOS K. , KYRKOU K.
Published: May 2007

Smear preparations were made from cells harvested from pleural fluid from 90 patients with breast cancer and stained for transferrin receptor (TRFr) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor (IGF‐Ir) using an immunocytochemical technique. the results were correlated with those from 36 benign effusion smears. In malignant smears from the breast cancer cases TRFr was demonstrated in 84.4% of the cellular deposits and IGF‐Ir in 91.1%. TRFr was demonstrated in two (11%) of the tuberculous effusion smears and in six (100%) effusions from patients with collagen disease. IGF‐Ir was not demonstrated in any of the smears from patients with benign disease. the sensitivity and specificity of TRFr staining were 84.4% and 77.7%, respectively, and for IGF‐Ir staining were 91.1% and 100%, respectively. the underlying metabolic changes in the tumour cells which give rise to positive staining with these markers are discussed.

Les préparations cytologiques ont été obtenues à partir de cellules recueillies dans le liquide pleural chez 90 patientes ayant un cancer du sein puis ont fait I'objet de techniques immunocytochimiques pour mettre en évidence les récepteurs de la Transferrine (TRF‐r) et du facteur de croissance Insulin Like‐I (IGF‐Ir). Les résultats ont été corrélés avec ceux obtenus sur 36 épanchements bénins. Dans

les étalements provenant de patientes traitées pour cancer du sein, TRF‐r est positif dans 84,4% des groupements cellulaires et I'IGF‐Ir dans 91,1%. Une activité pour le TRF‐r est observée dans deux cas (11%) d'epanchements tuberculeux et dans les 6 cas (100Y0) d'épanchement survenant chez des patients atteints de collagénose. Aucune activité IGF‐Ir n'est présente dans les cellules des épanchements des patients atteints d'affection bénigne. La sensibilité et la spécificité de I'activité TRF‐r sont de 84,4% et de 77% respectivement, celles de I'activité IGF‐Ir étant de 91,1% et de 100% respectivement. Les modifications métaboloques sous‐jacentes á la positivité en immunocytologie des cellules tumorales avec ces marqueurs sont discutiés.

Ausstriche von Pleuraergüssen von 90 Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom wurden hinsichtlich Tranferrinrezeptoren (TRF‐r) und Insulinwachstumsrezeptor (IGF‐r) untersucht. 36 benigne Ergüsse dienten als Vergleich. In tumorösen Ergüssen waren TFGr in 84,4% und IGFr in 91,1% nachweisbar. TRFr war ausserdem in 2 (11Y0) der tuberkulösen und 6 (100%) der rheumatischen Ergüsse positiv währen IGFr in keinem der benignen Fälle positiv ausfiel. Sensitivität und Spezifität waren für TRFr 84,4% bzw. 77,7% und IGFr 91,1y0 bzw. 100%. Die metabolischen Veränderungen der Tumorzellen werden diskutiert.
Ciliate communities in shallow groundwater: seasonal and spatial characteristics
Authors: ANDRUSHCHYSHYN OKSANA P. , WILSON KEVIN P. , WILLIAMS D. DUDLEY
Published: May 2007

1. Ciliated protozoans (Phylum Ciliophora) were collected from five sites in a shallow groundwater system in southern Ontario, Canada over a 13‐month period: one at the spring source, two along the channel banks, and two in the stream channel. Ciliates and environmental data were collected from surface water and at five depths into the sediment, located at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm.

2. Species richness was high (170 ciliate species belonging to 89 genera were identified) and variable, both spatially and temporally. Highest species richness (86) occurred between 20 and 60 cm, and typically decreased below 60 cm.

3. Ciliate densities were also seasonally and spatially variable. Densities peaked in March between 40 cm (as high as 69 900 cells L−1) and 60 cm, and again in May and June at 80 and 100 cm. Densities were lowest in winter. The surface‐water ciliate community had a different species composition and lower population densities.

4. At all depths, small (<50 μm) bacterivorous ciliates typically dominated, but omnivorous and predatory species were also present (combined, up to 30% of the average density).

5. Several ciliate genera, traditionally considered planktonic, occurred at low densities from 40 cm down to 100 cm.

6. Ordination analysis indicated that the main factors influencing the shallow groundwater ciliate communities were depth and temperature.

7. Dissolved oxygen also appeared to influence these communities in that they typically comprised genera that preferred either low‐oxygen or anaerobic conditions.
An outline of the current orthopaedic management of haemophilic disease of the upper limb
Authors: CHOUDHURY M. Z. B. , MANN H. A. , GODDARD N. J. , LEE C. A.
Published: May 2007

Summary.  There remains a relative paucity in the literature regarding upper limb manifestations of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia has a wide range of clinical manifestations, often presenting with orthopaedic complications. These arise from multiple haemarthroses which exact a cumulative toll on the fabric of the joints. Although the lower limbs are predominantly affected due to their load‐bearing nature, upper limb disease is common. This arises from the mechanical demands on the upper limb as the elbow and shoulder become partially weight bearing on use of walking aids such as elbow crutches.
An altered FtsA can compensate for the loss of essential cell division protein FtsN in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bernard Christophe S. , Sadasivam Mahalakshmi , Shiomi Daisuke , Margolin William
Published: May 2007

FtsN is the last known essential protein component to be recruited to the Escherichia coli divisome, and has several special properties. Here we report the isolation of suppressor mutants of ftsA that allow viability in the absence of ftsN. Cells producing the FtsA suppressors exhibited a mild cell division deficiency in the absence of FtsN, and no obvious phenotype in its presence. Remarkably, these altered FtsA proteins also could partially suppress a deletion of ftsK or zipA, were less toxic than wild‐type FtsA when in excess, and conferred resistance to excess MinC, indicating that they share some properties with the previously isolated FtsA* suppressor mutant, and bypass the need for ftsN by increasing the integrity of the Z ring. TolA, which normally requires FtsN for its recruitment to the divisome, localized proficiently in the suppressed ftsN null strain, strongly suggesting that FtsN does not recruit the Tol–Pal complex directly. Therefore, despite its classification as a core divisome component, FtsN has no unique essential function but instead promotes overall Z ring integrity. The results strongly suggest that FtsA is conformationally flexible, and this flexibility is a key modulator of divisome function at all stages.
Identification of a new OmpA‐like protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae involved in the binding to human epithelial cells and in vivo colonization
Authors: Serino Laura , Nesta Barbara , Leuzzi Rosanna , Fontana Maria Rita , Monaci Elisabetta , Mocca Brian T. , Cartocci Elena , Masignani Vega , Jerse Ann E. , Rappuoli Rino , Pizza Mariagrazia
Published: May 2007

Outer membrane protein As (OmpAs) are highly conserved proteins within the Enterobacteriaceae family. OmpA contributes to the maintenance of structural membrane integrity and invasion into mammalian cells. In Escherichia coli K1 OmpA also contributes to serum resistance and is involved in the virulence of the bacterium. Here we describe the identification of an OmpA‐like protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng‐OmpA). We show that the gonococcal OmpA‐like protein, similarly to E. coli OmpA, plays a significant role in the adhesion and invasion into human cervical carcinoma and endometrial cells and is required for entry into macrophages and intracellular survival. Furthermore, the isogenic knockout ompA mutant demonstrates reduced recovery in a mouse model of infection when compared with the wild‐type strain, suggesting that Ng‐OmpA plays an important role in the in vivo colonization. All together, these data suggest that the newly identified surface exposed protein Ng‐OmpA represents a novel virulence factor of gonococcus.
Cellular levels and activity of the flagellar sigma factor FliA of Escherichia coli are controlled by FlgM‐modulated proteolysis
Authors: Barembruch Claudia , Hengge Regine
Published: May 2007

In Escherichia coli the flagellar regulon consists of more than 60 genes organized in three hierarchically and temporally regulated transcriptional classes. The flagellar sigma factor FliA (σ28) is responsible for class 3 expression and, in the early phase of flagellar assembly, is inhibited by its anti‐sigma factor FlgM. The flagellar hook basal body forms a type III secretion system capable of secreting both flagellar subunits and FlgM. This results in release and therefore activation of FliA and class 3 expression. Here we demonstrate that FliA is also subject to proteolysis which mainly depends on Lon protease. FlgM not only acts as an anti‐sigma factor but also protects FliA from being degraded. Based on quantitative measurements over time upon experimental induction of the flagellar cascade as well as during the growth cycle of a motile strain, we show that FliA proteolysis increases in parallel to class 3 expression, i.e. correlates with FlgM secretion and the phase of highest activity of FliA. Thus, when FlgM is not available due to secretion or mutation, and with RNA polymerase interaction being only transient during the transcription initiation cycle, the proteases can degrade FliA. Experiments with a lon mutant indicate that Lon protease and FliA degradation maintain appropriate FliA : FlgM stoichiometry upon induction of the flagellar system and thereby contribute to timely shut‐off of this system.
Plantar Ulcers in Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Berginer Vladimir , Baruchin Abraham , Ben‐Yakar Yona , Mahler Dan
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Hereditary sensory neuropathy is a rare syndrome characterized by the occurrence, in childhood or early adult life, of perforating ulcers of the feet, lightning pains, and loss of cutaneous sensation and tendon reflexes in the lower extremities. Three patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy were family members. Trophic ulcers may be caused by diseases other than diabetes, syphilis, and leprosy.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Gutierrez Guillermo , Ospina Julio E. , de Baez Nohora Elizabeth , De Escorcia Eva Klauss , Gutierrez Rafael
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In view of the important clinicopathologic, evolutional, and ultrastructural characteristics of dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, a review was made of 30 patients seen during the last 25 years in Colombia's Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia. The incidence is low, accounting for 0.06% of all malignant tumors and 1.17% of all soft‐parts sarcomas. The series comprises 19 women and 11 men, with the highest incidence found between ages of 30 and 50 years, although the study includes two children, ages 8 and 13. The chest was the most common site. Forty percent of the lesions were multinodular, and 23.3% showed ulceration. Histologic appearance is characterized in all cases by fusiform cells arranged like spokes around an empty hub. The fibroblastic origin was ascertained by electron‐microscopic studies. The treatment used was broad surgical excision, removing tissue down to the aponeurosis to avoid recurrence.
Therapeutic Effect of Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on Verruca Plana and Verruca Vulgaris
Authors: Lee Sungnack , Koo Cho Chung , Gie Kim Joong , Il Chun Soo
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Fifty‐nine patients with verrucae (45 with verrucae plana and 14 with verrucae vulgaris) were treated with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as a topical application on the normal uninvolved skin of the shoulder for sensitization and challenge. The patients were sensitized with 0.5 ml of 0.4% DNCB solution and then challenged with 0.1% DNCB ointment twice a week. Six cases of verrucae plana and 1 case of verrucae vulgaris were completely cured by sensitization only and 32 cases of verrucae plana and 7 cases of verrucae vulgaris were completely resolved by repeated challenges. The therapeutic effect was better in verrucae plana (84.4%) than in verrucae vulgaris (57.1%), and the verrucae were completely resolved within 10 weeks in more than 90% of the patients cured by challenge. The side effects of DNCB were mild allergic contact dermatitis and slight transitory hyperpigmentation at the site of application.
Unusual Clinical Presentation of Epidermotropic Cutaneous Lymphoma
Authors: Dabski Krzysztof , Stoll, Jr. Howard L. , Milgrom Halina
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A 35‐year‐old black woman developed numerous vitiligo‐like small hypopigmented macules on the upper and lower extremities. Histologically the lesions were consistent with epidermotropic mycosis fungoides or pagetoid reliculosis. The patient is presented because of a clinical picture unusual for either of the above microscopic diagnoses.
Erysipelas
Authors: Ronnen Meir , Suster Saul , Schewach‐Millet Miriam , Modan Michaela
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A retrospective study of 526 adult patients admitted to the Sheba Medical Center for treatment of erysipelas during the period 1972–1982 showed a steady increase in the number of cases admitted as well as a striking change in its classical pattern of distribution, with 86% of the lesions occurring in the lower extremities opposed to 5.9% in the face. Local trauma and superficial abrasions were identified as the major predisposing factors, whereas upper respiratory tract infection was almost negligible among the patients. Peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, and prolonged treatment with corticoids, immunosuppressants, or radiation were less frequently associated with the development of the disease. New trends were also observed for the age groups and seasonal distribution of the population studied.
Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Patterson James W. , Ali M. , Murray John C. , Hazka Japan A.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A 57‐year‐old woman with mycosis fungoides developed blisters within cutaneous plaques while receiving PUVA therapy and topical nitrogen mustard. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies showed the findings of bullous pemphigoid. Her bullous disease was controlled after cessation of these therapies and institution of prednisone and methotrexate. During the 5 months following completion of a course of electron‐beam therapy, she has been free of the cutaneous manifestations of both diseases. Previous instances of PUVA‐related pemphigoid have occurred in psoriatics. The role of ultraviolet light in the induction of pemphigoid is discussed, particularly with regard to its possible interaction with the altered skin of psoriasis or mycosis fungoides. Some of the rare cases of bullous mycosis fungoides might actually have represented ultraviolet‐unmasked bullous pemphigoid.
Evaluation of Immune‐enhancing Effects of Ibuprofen in an Immunodeficiency Model
Authors: Jorizzo Joseph L. , Goldblum Randall M. , Daniels Jerry C. , Ichikawa Yukinobu , Langford Marlyn P. , Fagan Karis M.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Three children and one adult with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis with documented deficient cellular immunity to Candida antigen were evaluated as a model to study the specific cellular immune‐enhancing potential of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor ibuprofen. Oral ibuprofen failed to have any consistent effect during sequential 4‐week on and off cycles on the following parameters: delayed hypersensitivity skin testing; lymphocyte transformation to Candida antigen; T‐cell subsets as determined by monoclonal antibody techniques; production of human immune interferon in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Two patients showed a trend toward enhanced lymphocyte transformation to PHA while taking ibuprofen. In two patients who were studied 8–10 weeks after discontinuation of oral ketoconazole therapy, clinical recurrence of CMC was not prevented by oral ibuproten therapy.
Epidemiologic Approach to Community Dermatology
Authors: Desai Shakat C. , Jagavkar Chandrakant K. , Oberai Chetan M.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A survey on communication dermatoses in economically werk village in India showed wide variations in prevalence rate in similar ecologic setup. A skin diseases, on‐spot‐ treatment, 1‐day camp was organized to treat 1787 subject in five villaged. Two applications of 1% lindane 1 week apart was the only treatment used without attending to hygiene for scabies and pediculosis. Application of 1% gention violet with four daily doses of sulfamethoxy‐pysidazine was administered for pyoderma. The cure rate for scabies and pediculosis was 86%. Epidemiologic determinants of communicable dermatoses are the most important factors in the practice of community dermatology.
Epidermolysis Bullosa:
Authors: Haber Richard M. , Ramsay Colin A. , Boxall Lionel B. H.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Nineteen patients with a variety of types of epidermolysis bullosa were initially assessed in an open study of a treatment regime for the genetic type of epidermolysis bullosa. Nine of the ten patients admitted to the hospital for treatment showed definite objective improvement with decreased number of blisters and increased rate of healing of blisters. The mean percentage decrease in blister numbers from the time of admission until discharge from hospital was 76%. Sixteen patients were followed as outpatients for 5–11 months. Two patients continued to show objective improvement, while eight reported more rapid healing of their blisters. Six patients failed to improve. This treatment has a beneficial effect in inpatients with epidermolysis bullosa. The improvement may be due to the intense topical treatment rather than to a specific item of the therapy. In the long term, this treatment has little effect on the formation of new blisters, but an accelerated healing of blisters is reported by 50% of the patients.
Canthaxanthin
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Haberman Herbert F. , Pawlowski Danuta , Shulman Geoffrey , Menon I.Aravindakshan
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Canthaxanthin is used as a food‐coloring agent, a photoprotective agent in certain photodermatoses, a tan‐ simulating agent, and a pigment to darken vitiliginous skin. This article reviews the current literature on Canthaxanthin and reports the evaluation of oral canthaxanthin as an artificial pigment for the management of vitiligo. Fifty‐six patients were studied, using serum Canthaxanthin levels, pre‐ and post‐treatment photographs with standard conditions, physician assessment, and patient questionnaires evaluating treatment results. Canthaxanthin was rated “very satisfactory” by 10%“satisfactory” by 35%, and “unsatisfactory” by 54% of patients, light‐skinned individuals, self‐reports were “very satisfactory” in 27%, “satisfactory” in 45%, and “unsatisfactor” in 27%. In dark‐skinned individuals, the treatment was less effective. Women were happier with the results than men. Major side effects were red stools and orange palms and soles. Canthaxanthin can he taken orally, is easy to use, and can he a cosmetically acceptable therapy in selected cases of vitligo.
Anti‐Androgens in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Amer Mohamed , Ramadan Ali , Monem AhmedAbdel
Published: May 2007

Abstract: ABSTRAGT: Seventy‐five women suffering from acne vulgaris classified into three groups according to the grade of the disease. Anti‐androgenic tablets cyproterone acetate (CPA), were given in three cycles. The total numher of patients whose condition improved was 52% after the first cycle, 55% after the second cycle, and 81.3% after the third cycle. No serious side effects were encountered. CPA is a suitable therapeutic modility for AV in women who use contraceptives.
Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Patterson James W. , Ali M. , Murray John C. , Hazra Tapan A.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 57‐year‐old woman with mycosis fungoides developed blisters within cutaneous plaques while receiving PUVA therapy and topical nitrogen mustard. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies showed the findings of bullous pemphigoid. Her bullous disease was controlled after cessation of these therapies and institution of prednisone and methotrexate. During the 5 months following completion of a course of electron‐beam therapy, she has been free of the cutaneous manifestations of both diseases. Previous instances of PUVA‐related pemphigoid have occurred in psoriatics. The role of ultraviolet light in the induction of pemphigoid is discussed, particularly with regard to its possible interaction with the altered skin of psoriasis or mycosis fungoides. Some of the rare cases of bullous mycosis fungoides might actually have represented ultraviolet‐unmasked bullous pemphigoid.
Lipoid Proteinosis
Authors: Ramsey Michael L. , Tschen Jaime A. , Wolf John E.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that can affect the majority of organ systems, but most frequently presents due to its characteristic skin and mucous membrane changes. This was illustrated in a 27‐year‐old patient. Because its manifestations are easily misinterpreted, one might reasonably assume that the incidence of lipoid proteinosis may be higher than previously reported.
Clinical Pattern of Vitiligo in Libya
Authors: Singh Malkit , Singh Gurmohan , Kanwar A. J. , Belhaj M. S.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Patients with vitiligo attending the polyclinics of Benghazi during a 9‐month period were reviewed. The proportionate case ratio was 0.33% of all skin cases. The mean age at onset of the disease was 19.38 years; mean age at reporting the disease was 23.06 years. There was more frequent involvement of exposed parts in men compared with women. Vitiligo areata responded better to treatment. The history did not confirm the genetic predisposition of the disease. Association with known autoimmune disease is reported.
Subcutaneous Abscesses Caused by Nocardia brasiliensis Complicated by Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Nishimoto Katsutaro , Ohno Masaki
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 47‐year‐old Japanese man suffering from T‐cell leukemia was examined for multiple subcutaneous abscesses followed to abrasion wound on his right knee. The causative organism was clustered, fine‐branched filaments in pus aspirated from the lesions, identified as Nocardia brasiliensis. Most of the lesions regressed from the combined therapy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, leaving an ulcer on the patient's left leg. The nocardiosis cases in Japan until 1984, including this one, were briefly surveyed.
Pustular Acne
Authors: Piamphongsant Thada
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Pustules from 92 new cases of pustular acne and gram‐negative folliculitis were cultured in aerobic medium for superimposed bacterial infection. During the treatment of 1,561 new patients with papular acne with tetracycline and topical clindamycin and antibacterial soaps, an additional 10 developed pustules. The majority showed in vitro resistance to ampicillin. The effective treatment was co‐trimoxazole and topical gentamicin. A new classification of acne with practical therapeutic use is needed.
Dermatoglyphics in Vitiligo
Authors: Iqbal Syed , Premalatha S. , Zahra Asfa
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: One hundred probands of vitiligo were studied for palmar dermatoglyphics, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and were compared with those of 100 phenotypically normal control subjects. Ulnar loop pattern was the most common digital pattern observed in both probands and controls. An increased incidence of whorls and arches in men and women probands, respectively, was found to be statistically significant when compared with those of controls. Simian crease and Sydney line also have been observed in the present study, which has not been previously reported. A statistically highly significant reduction has been observed in total finger ridge count (TFRC) and a‐b ridge count in both sexes of vitiligo cases when compared with those of controls. No significant change was observed in the values of atd angle and position of axial triradius.
UVB Maintenance Phototherapy in Psoriasis
Authors: Petrozzi John W.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Twenty‐six patients with generalized stable plaque‐type psoriasis were treated three to five times weekly with midwave fluorescent ultraviolet radiation (UVB) combined with either tar or lubricants. After clearing, patients received maintenance treatment with lubricant and UVB for a minimum of four weekly exposures, which were subsequently decreased in frequency. A shielded control site was observed. During maintenance treatments no prolongation in remissions with UVB maintenance could be demonstrated.
Anthralin Therapy for Alopecia Areata
Authors: Nelson Dan A. , Spielvogel Richard L.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Topical anthralin application producing a brisk irritant contact dermatitis has been reported to have therapeutic benefit in alopecia areata. A pilot clinical study was undertaken to determine whether topical anthralin application in doses low enough to produce only minimal contact dermatitis would produce a similar therapeutic response. None of the patients in the study received any benefit from this low‐dose regimen. If anthralin is of benefit in the therapy of alopecia areata, a significant irritant contact dermatitis is apparently required.
Dermatophytes in Iceland
Authors: Mooney Ellen
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Prior to 1982, no reliable information was available on prevailing dermatophyte species or infections in Iceland. In 1983–1984 fungal cultures performed on 96 patients revealed that Trichophyton tonsurans was the most common isolate, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. There were no cases of tinea capitis and tinea corporis was rare, but the most common sites of infection were the feet and toenails.
Malassezia (Pityrosporon) Folliculitis Occurring During Pregnancy
Authors: Heymann Warren R. , Wolf Daniel J.
Published: May 2007

A 23‐year‐old black woman presented in the 37th week of her first pregnancy complaining of a pruritic rash of 4 months' duration. The lesions appeared acutely on her neck, trunk, and proximal extremities and did not respond to therapy with a topical benzoyi peroxide gel. The patient had been treated for mild facial acne vulgaris since the age of 18 years. Her acne reportedly responded to therapy with topical benzoyi peroxide gel, tretinoin cream, and oral courses of tetracycline. The tetracycline was discontinued when the patient learned that she was pregnant. Otherwise, the patient was in excellent health, without a history of diabetes mellitus or Cushing's syndrome. She was taking no systemic medications during the pregnancy.

Physical examination was remarkable for the presence of monomorphous follicular erythematous papules and pustules on the patient's neck, chest, upper back, and proximal extremities (Fig. 1). Comedones and cysts were not apparent.

Histopathologic examination of a typical lesion revealed a dilated, plugged hair follicle containing keratinaceous material, acute and chronic inflammatory cells, and spherical to oval budding yeast‐like organisms without hyphal forms (Fig. 2). The organisms were readily apparent on PAS‐stained sections, staining PAS‐positive and diastase resistant (Fig. 3).
Tinea of the Penis
Authors: Palleschi G. M. , Cuaimgni R. , Difonzo E. , Panconesi E.
Published: May 2007

A 35‐year‐old Italian doctor came to us for treatment of a scaly, moderately itchy patch on the shaft of his penis (Fig. 1). FHe had first noticed the patch about 20 days before and mentioned that it was spreading slowly. The lesion was oval, a little over 3 cm in diameter, lightly hypochromic, and covered with moderate, tine scaling. The upper part of the border was indefinite, while the lower part was sharply marginated. There were no lesions on the groins or elsewhere. Direct microscopic examination of a potassium hydroxide preparation from the scales showed the presence of septate hyphae. Culture in Sabouraud's agar allowed the growth of colonies that were identified as Epidermophyton floccosum. given their macroscopic and microscopic morphology (Fig. 2). Direct microscopic examination and culture of some small scales taken from the groins and the scrotum were negative.
Pityriasis Rotunda
Authors: Zina A. M. , Ubertalli S. , Bundino S.
Published: May 2007

A 13‐year‐old boy and his sisters (11 and 14, respectively] consulted us for the same derniatoses. The boy and the elder sister had been suffering for over 4 years, while the younger sister was in her first year of the disease. The clinical pictures were alike: many circular or oval patches of furfuraceous desquamation scattered over the trunk and limbs. Lesions were sharply demarcated and frequently confluent with a polycyclic outline (Figs. 1, 2). Their size varied from 2–3 cm to more than 10 cm and they numbered more than 40 in every patient. The patches were hypochromic and prominent over the sunbathed skin (Fig. 1); the boy alone bad a few lesions darker than the surrounding skin. The dermnloses appeared to fluctuate in severity with a modest improvement during summer, While its extension remained unchanged, a follow up after a year revealed that single lesions had eilber disappeared or spread out while new ones had surfaced; furthermore, the boy had no more hyperchromic lesions. The skin elsewhere was normal.

We examined the parents and were surprised to learn that their father suffered from ichtbyosis vulgaris (IV) (Fig. 3); in addition, he stated that his mother had the same disease; he could not specify if other members of the family had any signs of IV or PR.

Microscopic examinations and cultures were carried out in the children and were repeatedly negative for fungi. A bistologic examination was obtained from the father and his son. Both IV and PR sbowed the same picture: a moderate byperkeratosis (strictly ortokeratotic) surmounted an absent or reduced granular layer and an otherwise normal epidermis.
Histopathologic Concepts of Intraepithelial Epithelioma
Authors: Hodge Steven J. , Turner James E.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Intraepithelial epithelioma (IEE) is a distinct histologic expression of a variety of epithelial processes. The most common intraepidermal tumors giving rise to this histologic pattern are seborrheic keratosis and actinic keratosis, although several others were seen in our series. We report a total of 33 cases of IEE seen during a W‐year period and a review of the literature.
Mutilating Palmo‐Plantar Keratoderma
Authors: Singh Kamlender
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: This is the sixth case of mutilating palmo‐plantar keratoderma, which is characterized by extensive ichthyosis and thickening of skin with accentuated skin markings histologically resembling acanthosis nigricans.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Appearing as an Urticarial Vasculitis
Authors: Matarredona J. , Sendagorta E. , Rocamora A. , Orofino L. , Ledo A.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with clinical and histologic feature of urticarial vasculitis, a systemic immune disorder of unknown origin. This could represent a subset of collagen vascular disease.
Immunologic Aspects of Leprosy
Authors: Ashamaila L.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Twenty seven cases of leprosy from Egypt were examined. Monocytes were found to be high in peripheral blood in lepromatous cases. The percentage of small lymphocytes in blood was increased in tuberculoid patients. The immunoglobulins were higher in all types of leprosy patients than in normal persons.
Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Infrared Heat
Authors: Jabbar Abdue , Junaid N.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: One hundred seventy‐eight patients having cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated by exposing the largest lesion once to a source of infrared heat. This treatment provokes an immune response in the patient and allows the lesions to disappear in approximately 5–6 weeks.
Langerhans Cells in the Dermal Infiltrate of Hyperkeratosis Lenticularis Perstans
Authors: Okamoto Hiroyuki , Endo Akiko , Imamura Sadao
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Typical papules obtained from a patient with hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (HLP) were examined by light and electron microscopy. Dense cellular infiltrate, which consisted mainly of mononuclear cells, was observed in the dermis underlying the lesion. Electron microscopic studies revealed that these cells were mostly lymphocytic cells. In addition, several Langerhans cells were found in the infiltrate, some of which were apposed to the lymphocytic cells. These findings suggested that immunologic reactions via Langerhans cells might occur in HLP and further raises a possibility that Langerhans cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of HLP.
Contact Hypersensitivity to Topical Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Bajaj A. K. , Gupta S. C.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Three hundred ninety patients with suspected contact dermatitis to topical medicaments were patch tested with various commercially available antibacterial agents to evaluate the incidence of contact hypersensitivity. The common sensitizers were nitrofurazone, neomycin, oxytetracycline, cetrimide, and framycetin. The least common sensitizers were sodium fusidate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, and gentian violet. Cross‐sensitivity was observed between neomycin, framycetin, and gentamicin.
Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis Treated with Phototherapy
Authors: Park Yoon‐Kee , Park Hee Young , Bang Dong Sik , Cho Chung Koo
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 12‐year‐old boy had a 5‐year history of recurrent generalized dermatoses with scales, crusts, and pustules. Histologic findings showed subcorneal blisters filled with polymorphonuclear leukocytes typical of subcorneal pustular dermatosis. Dapsone and prednisolone with a topical fluocinolone acetonide did not produce improvement. The skin lesions cleared completely after 11 exposures of UV‐B three times a week. After 8 months of follow‐up, there has been no recurrence.
Bovine Ringworm
Authors: Kakepis E. , Marcelou‐Kindi U. , Stratigos J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Seven cattle barns were investigated during the years 1976 through 1977. Six of these barns located in central Euboea have been characterized as “suspect” barns because one or more persons working in these barns had been infected by dermatomycosis. The seventh bam serving as control was located on the opposite side of the Boeotic coast. A total of 60 “suspected as infected” animals were isolated from all these barns. Twenty‐one of them (35%) gave positive cultures for dermatophytes in Sabouraud medium. Of the 1Li “healthy” animals that were examined, 28 (24.8%) gave positive cultures. The only pathogenic strain of dermatophyte that was isolated was the Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulare.
Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia With Cimetidine
Authors: Aram Homayoun
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Ten white women with moderate to severe androgenetic alopecia were treated with cimetidine 300 mg by mouth five times a day. Duration of therapy ranged from 1.5–9 months, with a median of 5 months. Seven patients (70%) showed good to excellent regrowth of hair. No major side effects were noted. The patients were followed up for 5 months. Cimetidine presumahly has the ability to hlock androgen action. Cimetidine is not a first‐line drug for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and should be used only in selected cases.
Tinea Capitis in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Kanwar A. J. , Belahaj M. S.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Mycologic examination of 402 cases of tinea capitis in Benghazi showed Trichophyton rubrum to be the most common isolate, followed by T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum cam's, and J. violaceum. The clinical presentation of tinea capitis is discussed, and attention is drawn to the seborrheic type, which is easily confused with dandruff.
Elevated Serum Chymotrypsin Levels in a Patient With Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Heng Madalene C. Y. , Barrascout Carlos E. , Rasmus William , O'brien William , Song Moon K.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A. 16‐year‐old Hispanic woman, covered with blisters since birth, was found to have markedly elevated chymotrypsin levels in her serum. This proteolytic enzyme is thought to digest laminin, thus causing separation of the basement membrane at the level of the lamina lucida, corroborating findings on electron microscopy. On the basis that the sun‐exposed areas of the skin were relatively less involved, she received a course of UVB therapy, with total clinical clearance if her lesions after 3 weeks. A repeat estimation of serum chymotrypsin at this time revealed normal levels of this enzyme. It is thought that the elevated Chymotrypsin levels were either released from the Langerhans cells themselves or from lymphocytes or keratinocytes as a result of Langerhans cell activity, and that the suppression of Langerhans cell activity by UVB inhibited the release of this proteolytic enzyme, resulting in the suppression of blister formation in our patient.
The Epidemiology of Malassezia (Pityrosporon) Folliculitis in Singapore
Authors: Lim K. B. , Giam Y. C. , Tan T.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Seventy patients with a clinical diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis were studied, of which 48 were confirmed on finding unipolar budding yeastlike organisms on gram‐stained microscopy or histology specimens. The epidemiologic and clinical features of these 48 cases (M = 44; F = 4) were analyzed. The typical Singaporean patient with Malassezia folliculitis is a young man of mean age 22.2 years with erythematous follicular papules or pustules on the upper back, shoulders, upper chest, and sides of the back. Aggravating factors include heat and sweating. Excessive sebum production may be an important underlying factor.
Congenital Smooth‐Muscle Hamartoma
Authors: Goldman Mitchel P. , Kaplan Richard P. , Heng Madalene C. Y.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Congenital smooth‐muscle hamartomas are rare, benign tumors of the skin, since their original description in 1969, 16 case reports have appeared in the literature, with 7 cases reported within the last year. We describe the 17th patient with this lesion and have included a review of the literature. In addition, we describe three morphologic types of smooth muscle cells–the pale cells, dark cells, and intermediate cells–found on electron microscopy, and the features that support our belief that these may reflect different stages of maturity of the smooth‐muscle cells. In addition to the smooth muscle, bundles of nerve fibers (both unmyelinated and myelinated) appear to be an intrinsic part of the lesion, as are the prominent vellus hairs. Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma thus appears to be an organoid nevus.
Efficacy of Rifampicin and Isoniazid in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Livshin Rita , Weinrauch Louis , Even‐Paz Zvi , El‐On Joseph
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Thirty‐nine patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major were treated with rifampicin alone or in combination with isoniazid. No significant difference was found between these two therapeutic regimens, and about half of the patients were cured 2 months from the beginning of treatment. A review of rifampicin in cutaneous leishmaniasis is attached.