bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast Errors
Authors: Barbero Tyler W. , Bell Michael M. , Chen Jan‐Huey , Klotzbach Philip J.
Published: March 2024

Tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasting provides essential guidance for coastal communities. However, track forecast errors still occur, highlighting the need for continued research into error sources. Piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion is used systematically to quantitatively diagnose errors in track forecasts in four models during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. The deep layer mean steering flow (DLMSF) provides a sufficient proxy for hurricane movement, and DLMSF errors are correlated with TC track errors. Analysis of track forecasts for Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria reveals that their track errors are attributed to steering errors caused by misrepresentations of specific pressure systems. Harvey's westward track error in the GFS resulted from zonal wind errors from the Continental High, while Irma's northward track error in the SHiELD gfsIC resulted from meridional wind errors in the Bermuda High and Continental High. Maria's southward track error in the IFS resulted from meridional wind errors in the Bermuda High and a misrepresentation of Jose to Maria's northwest. The mean absolute error of the DLMSF shows that the Bermuda High contributed the most to steering flow errors in the cases examined. Our results show that piecewise PV inversion can identify the sources of biases in TC track forecasts. The correction of these biases may lead to improved track forecasts. Quantitative diagnostics presented here provide useful information for future model development.
NEAT1_1 confers gefitinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma through promoting AKR1C1-mediated ferroptosis defence
Authors: Zhen Shuman , Jia Yunlong , Zhao Yan , Wang Jiali , Zheng Boyang , Liu Tianxu , Duan Yuqing , Lv Wei , Wang Jiaqi , Xu Fan , Liu Yueping , Zhang Yi , Liu Lihua
Published: March 2024

Gefitinib is one of the most extensively utilized epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) for treating advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients harboring EGFR mutation. However, the emergence of drug resistance significantly compromised the clinical efficacy of EGFR-TKIs. Gaining further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying gefitinib resistance holds promise for developing novel strategies to overcome the resistance and improve the prognosis in LUAD patients. Here, we identified that the inhibitory efficacy of gefitinib on EGFR-mutated LUAD cells was partially dependent on the induction of ferroptosis, and ferroptosis protection resulted in gefitinib resistance. Among the ferroptosis suppressors, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) exhibited significant upregulation in gefitinib-resistant strains of LUAD cells and predicted poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients who received first-generation EGFR-TKI treatment. Knockdown of AKR1C1 partially reversed drug resistance by re-sensitizing the LUAD cells to gefitinib-mediated ferroptosis. The decreased expression of miR-338-3p contributed to the aberrant upregulation of AKR1C1 in gefitinib-resistant LUAD cells. Furthermore, upregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1_1 (NEAT1_1) sponged miR-338-3p to neutralize its suppression on AKR1C1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and miRNA rescue experiment confirmed the NEAT1_1/miR-338-3p/AKR1C1 axis in EGFR-mutated LUAD cells. Gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that the NEAT1_1/miR-338-3p/AKR1C1 axis promoted gefitinib resistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion in LUAD cells. This study reveals the effects of NEAT1_1/miR-338-3p/AKR1C1 axis-mediated ferroptosis defence in gefitinib resistance in LUAD. Thus, targeting NEAT1_1/miR-338-3p/AKR1C1 axis might be a novel strategy for overcoming gefitinib resistance in LUAD harboring EGFR mutation.
Relatedness-based mate choice and female philopatry: inbreeding trends of wolf packs in a human-dominated landscape
Authors: Pacheco Carolina , Rio-Maior Helena , Nakamura Mónia , Álvares Francisco , Godinho Raquel
Published: March 2024

Inbreeding can reduce offspring fitness and has substantial implications for the genetic diversity and long-term viability of populations. In social cooperative canids, inbreeding is conditioned by the geographic proximity between opposite-sex kin outside natal groups and the presence of related individuals in neighbouring groups. Consequently, challenges in moving into other regions where the species is present can also affect inbreeding rates. These can be particularly problematic in areas of high human density, where movement can be restricted, even for highly vagile species. In this study, we investigate the socio-ecological dynamics of Iberian wolf packs in the human-dominated landscape of Alto Minho, in northwest Portugal, where wolves exhibit a high prevalence of short-distance dispersal and limited gene flow with neighbouring regions. We hypothesise that mating occurs regardless of relatedness, resulting in recurrent inbreeding due to high kin encounter rates. Using data from a 10-year non-invasive genetic monitoring programme and a combination of relatedness estimates and genealogical reconstructions, we describe genetic diversity, mate choice, and dispersal strategies among Alto Minho packs. In contrast with expectations, our findings reveal relatedness-based mate choice, low kin encounter rates, and a reduced number of inbreeding events. We observed a high prevalence of philopatry, particularly among female breeders, with the most common breeding strategy involving the pairing of a philopatric female with an unrelated immigrant male. Overall, wolves were not inbred, and temporal changes in genetic diversity were not significant. Our findings are discussed, considering the demographic trend of wolves in Alto Minho and its human-dominated landscape.
Multi-omics dataset of bovine mammary epithelial cells stimulated by ten different essential amino acids
Authors: Xu Lianbin , Wang Xiaowen , Li Xiuli , Liu Huawei , Zhao Jinshan , Bu Dengpan
Published: March 2024

Application of high-throughput sequencing and screening help to detect the transcriptional and metabolic discrepancies in organs provided with various levels of nutrients. The influences of individual essential amino acid (EAA) administration on transcriptomic and metabolomic profilings of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were systematically investigated. A RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry generated a comprehensive comparison of transcriptomics, non-targeted metabolomics and targeted amino acids profilings of BMECs with individual EAA stimulation by turn. The sequencing data and raw LC-MS/MS data of samples were presented in the databases of Gene Expression Omnibus, MetaboLights and Figshare for efficient reuse, including exploring the divergences in metabolisms between different EAAs and screening valuable genes and metabolites regulating casein synthesis.
Cluster analysis of patient characteristics, treatment modalities, renal impairments, and inflammatory markers in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cojic Milena , Klisic Aleksandra , Sahmanovic Amina , Petrovic Nemanja , Kocic Gordana
Published: March 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by an interplay of various factors where chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation have central role in its onset and progression. Identifying patient groups with increased inflammation in order to provide more personalized approach has become crucial. We hypothesized that grouping patients into clusters according to their clinical characteristics could identify distinct unique profiles that were previously invisible to the clinical eye. A cross-sectional record-based study was performed at the Primary Health Care Center Podgorica, Montenegro, on 424 T2DM patients aged between 30 and 85. Using hierarchical clustering patients were grouped into four distinct clusters based on 12 clinical variables, including glycemic and other relevant metabolic indicators. Inflammation was assessed through neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Cluster 3 which featured the oldest patients with the longest T2DM duration, highest hypertension rate, poor glycemic control and significant GFR impairment had the highest levels of inflammatory markers. Cluster 4 which featured the youngest patients, with the best glycemic control, the highest GFR had the lowest prevalence of coronary disease, but not the lowest levels of inflammatory markers. Identifying these clusters offers physicians opportunity for more personalized T2DM management, potentially mitigating its associated complications.
Impact of enriched environment on motor performance and learning in mice
Authors: Dijkhuizen S. , Van Ginneken L. M. C. , IJpelaar A. H. C. , Koekkoek S. K. E. , De Zeeuw C. I. , Boele H. J.
Published: March 2024

Neuroscience heavily relies on animal welfare in laboratory rodents as it can significantly affect brain development, cognitive function and memory formation. Unfortunately, laboratory animals are often raised in artificial environments devoid of physical and social stimuli, potentially leading to biased outcomes in behavioural assays. To assess this effect, we examined the impact of social and physical cage enrichment on various forms of motor coordination. Our findings indicate that while enriched-housed animals did not exhibit faster learning in eyeblink conditioning, the peak timing of their conditioned responses was slightly, but significantly, improved. Additionally, enriched-housed animals outperformed animals that were housed in standard conditions in the accelerating rotarod and ErasmusLadder test. In contrast, we found no significant effect of enrichment on the balance beam and grip strength test. Overall, our data suggest that an enriched environment can improve motor performance and motor learning under challenging and/or novel circumstances, possibly reflecting an altered state of anxiety.
Mental health and psychosocial interventions in the context of climate change: a scoping review
Authors: Xue Siqi , Massazza Alessandro , Akhter-Khan Samia C. , Wray Britt , Husain M. Ishrat , Lawrance Emma L.
Published: March 2024

The evidence on the impacts of climate change on mental health and wellbeing is growing rapidly. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of existing mental health and psychosocial interventions aimed at addressing the mental health and psychosocial impacts of climate change. A scoping review methodology was followed. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 2022. Comprehensive gray literature search, including expert consultation, was conducted to identify interventions for which peer-reviewed academic literature may not yet be available. Data on intervention type, setting, climate stressor, mental health outcome, evaluation, and any other available details were extracted, and results were summarized narratively. Academic literature search identified 16 records and gray literature search identified a further 24 records. Altogether, 37 unique interventions or packages of interventions were identified. The interventions act at the levels of microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem through diverse mechanisms. While most interventions have not been formally evaluated, promising preliminary results support interventions in low- and middle-income-country settings disproportionately affected by climate disasters. Interventions from multidisciplinary fields are emerging to reduce psychological distress and enhance mental health and wellbeing in the context of climate change. This scoping review details existing evidence on the interventions and summarizes intervention gaps and lessons learned to inform continued intervention development and scale-up interventions.
Anomalous hall and skyrmion topological hall resistivity in magnetic heterostructures for the neuromorphic computing applications
Authors: Lone Aijaz H. , Zou Xuecui , Das Debasis , Fong Xuanyao , Setti Gianluca , Fariborzi Hossein
Published: March 2024

Topologically protected spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions, have shown the potential for high-density data storage and energy-efficient computing applications owing to their particle-like behavior, small size, and low driving current requirements. Evaluating the writing and reading of the skyrmion’s magnetic and electrical characteristics is crucial to implementing these devices. In this paper, we present the magnetic heterostructure Hall bar device and study the anomalous Hall and topological Hall signals in these devices. Using different measurement techniques, we investigate the magnetic and electrical characteristics of the magnetic structure. We measure the skyrmion topological resistivity and the magnetic field at different temperatures. MFM imaging and micromagnetic simulations further explain the anomalous Hall and topological Hall resistivity characteristics at various magnetic fields and temperatures. The study is extended to propose a skyrmion-based synaptic device showing spin-orbit torque-controlled plasticity. The resistance states are read using the anomalous Hall measurement technique. The device integration in a neuromorphic circuit is simulated in a 3-layer feedforward artificial neural network ANN. Based on the proposed synapses, the neural network is trained and tested on the MNIST data set, where a recognition accuracy performance of about 90% is achieved. Considering the nanosecond reading/writing time scale and a good system level performance, these devices exhibit a substantial prospect for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing.
Selenium nanomaterials promoted ferredoxin and iron–sulfur protein synthesis and acetyl CoA carboxylase activity to improve the photosynthesis and fatty-acid synthesis in soybean
Authors: Zhang Lian , Li Xiaona , Yue Le , Cao Xuesong , Cheng Bingxu , Wang Chuanxi , Wang Zhenyu
Published: March 2024

Herein, the effect of selenium engineered nanomaterials (Se ENMs) on soybean photosynthesis and fatty-acid synthesis by regulating ferredoxin (Fd) and iron–sulfur (Fe/S) protein synthesis and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity was explored.
Synthesis and study of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers via a metal free aldol condensation polymerization strategy
Authors: Patel Prerak R. , Kapdi Yash G. , Soni Saurabh S. , Zade Sanjio S. , Patel Arun L.
Published: March 2024

Metal free synthesis of conjugated polymers and their space charge limited current (SCLC) hole mobility measurement study.
Enhanced production of aromatics from syngas over CoMnAl oxides combined with b-axis thickness tailored HZSM-5
Authors: Guo Ruixin , Liu Jia , Wang Hao , Yu Xing , Zhang Jian , Yang Chengguang , Li Jiong , Sun Yuhan , Gao Peng
Published: March 2024

A decreasing b-axis thickness and an appropriate density of Brønsted acid sites of HZSM-5 favors the syngas conversion to aromatics.
Effects of Age on the Frequency Amplitude Ratio of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Jha Raghav H. , Piker Erin G. , Gomez Jesus
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

An increase in the 1000/500 Hz frequency amplitude ratio (FAR) of the cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP, respectively) may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing Meniere's disease (MD). However, the aging process can also result in an increased FAR for VEMPs. In older patients, distinguishing whether changes in VEMP FAR are due to MD or aging processes becomes difficult. We aimed to investigate the effects of age on VEMP FARs and establish a FAR-normative range for different age groups.

Method:

cVEMP and oVEMP were recorded from a total of 106 participants grouped as young, middle-aged, and older adults using air-conducted tone bursts at 500, 750, and 1000 Hz at 125 dB pSPL. The FAR was calculated for the cVEMP and oVEMP for the following frequencies: FAR1 = 1000/500, FAR2 = 1000/750, and FAR3 = 750/500.

Results:

A significant age-related effect was observed on the cVEMP FAR. Although the oVEMP FAR showed an increasing trend with age, it was not statistically significant. Age-based normative FAR values are provided.

Conclusions:

Drawing from the normative FAR from this study, there is evidence that the existing MD diagnostic criteria would misidentify a considerable number of older adults. Therefore, to reduce false positives, we recommend a more stringent cVEMP and oVEMP FAR criterion in older adults.
Mandarin-Speaking Amusics' Online Recognition of Tone and Intonation
Authors: Tang Lirong , Xu Yangxiaoxue , Yang Shiting , Meng Xiangyun , Du Boqi , Sun Chen , Liu Li , Dong Qi , Nan Yun
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Congenital amusia is a neurogenetic disorder of musical pitch processing. Its linguistic consequences have been examined separately for speech intonations and lexical tones. However, in a tonal language such as Chinese, the processing of intonations and lexical tones interacts with each other during online speech perception. Whether and how the musical pitch disorder might affect linguistic pitch processing during online speech perception remains unknown.

Method:

We investigated this question with intonation (question vs. statement) and lexical tone (rising Tone 2 vs. falling Tone 4) identification tasks using the same set of sentences, comparing behavioral and event-related potential measurements between Mandarin-speaking amusics and matched controls. We specifically focused on the amusics without behavioral lexical tone deficits (the majority, i.e., pure amusics).

Results:

Results showed that, despite relative to normal performance when tested in word lexical tone test, pure amusics demonstrated inferior recognition than controls during sentence tone and intonation identification. Compared to controls, pure amusics had larger N400 amplitudes in question stimuli during tone task and smaller P600 amplitudes in intonation task.

Conclusion:

These data indicate that musical pitch disorder affects both tone and intonation processing during sentence processing even for pure amusics, whose lexical tone processing was intact when tested with words.
Language Assessment in Bilingual Turkish-Speaking Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorders: A Tutorial
Authors: Saban-Dülger Nur Seda , Özcebe Esra
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common childhood disorder that hinders children from functioning in other developmental areas, such as social–emotional and cognitive domains. Consequently, a comprehensive speech and language assessment of children is of great importance. Of concern, however, is the challenge for speech and language pathologists to assess the speech and language skills of bilingual children. This article aims to inform clinicians, researchers, and other experts working with bilingual Turkish-speaking children with DLD about bilingual language assessment.

Method:

The current literature on Turkish–English bilingual language acquisition and bilingual language assessment is reviewed, and the general characteristics of bilingual development are reported. In order to understand how the first language affects the second language, a contrastive analysis of the Turkish and English languages is summarized. A case study is described to highlight essential factors to take into account when creating a comprehensive language assessment battery for Turkish, covering all areas impacted by DLD.

Results:

The results of the proposed language assessment protocol are analyzed, and its practical use is discussed. Additionally, the case study child's strengths and the skills requiring support are interpreted with regard to their implications for daily life activities and prospective academic requirements.

Conclusions:

This tutorial highlights the importance of comprehensive language assessment for the differential diagnosis of DLD in bilinguals as the most essential step to develop an appropriate intervention program and counseling procedures. Such assessment considers individual as well as cultural differences of children and their family members.
Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress in Individuals With Craniofacial Conditions
Authors: Crerand Canice E. , Billaud Feragen Kristin , Johns Alexis L. , Umbaugh Hailey , McClinchie Madeline , Drake Amelia F. , Heike Carrie L. , Yi-Frazier Joyce P. , Stock Nicola M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This article reviews the literature focused on the psychological effects of craniofacial care for patients and their families. It provides an overview of pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) associated with craniofacial conditions and related care, along with a review of its risk and protective factors. Findings from studies of PMTS in craniofacial populations are also reviewed.

Conclusions:

The article concludes with strategies for identifying, addressing, and preventing medical traumatic stress in the context of craniofacial care. Specific implications for speech-language pathologists are also shared with respect to ways of minimizing risks for medical traumatic stress in craniofacial care. Future directions are also delineated and include strategies to improve screening and support for patients with craniofacial conditions and their families, along with the development of interventions aimed at increasing resilience.
Controlled traveling profiles for models of invasive biological species
Authors: Bressan Alberto , Zhang Minyan
Published: March 2024

We consider a family of controlled reaction-diffusion equations, describing the spatial spreading of an invasive biological species. For a given propagation speed c ∈ IR, we seek a control with minimum cost, which achieves a traveling profile with speed c. Since our goal is to slow down or even reverse the contamination, we always assume c > c*, where c* is the speed of an uncontrolled traveling profile. For various nonlinear models, the existence of an optimal control is proved, together with necessary conditions for optimality. In the last section, we study a case where the wave speed cannot be modified by any control with finite cost. The present analysis is motivated by the recent results in A. Bressan, et al. Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 32 (2022) 1109–1140. and A. Bressan, et al. J. Differ. Equ. 361 (2023) 97–137, showing how a control problem for a reaction-diffusion equation can be approximated by a simpler problem of optimal control of a moving set.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction of Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with high CO selectivity under visible light
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Phuong , Phạm Duy Khanh , Nguyen Manh Tuan
Published: March 2024

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction can address climate change and energy short-age. Homogenous photocatalysis converted CO2 to value chemicals have a straightforward procedure synthesis and CO2 conversion mechanism. Rhenium complexes based on pyridyl-triazole work as efficient catalysts for CO2 reduction at room conditions and under visible light. Photo-catalytic measurements show Re(bpy-COOH) possesses the highest catalytic CO2 conversion activity, whereas Re(Hpytr) is the lowest catalytic activity. These complexes posses the high product selectively, which produce two gases CO and H2 with high CO selectively. CO selectivity of Re(bpy-COOH), Re(Hphtr), and Re(Hpytr) are determined by 99.0, 97.9 and 92.8, respectively. TONCO reaches the highest value at 100 min are 5.46, 1.56, and 0.51 for Re(bpy-COOH), Re(Hphtr), and Re(Hpytr), respectively. This study explore the new property as photocatalysts active for CO2 reduction of these complexes with high CO selectively.
Micro/nanosized ferrite and hexaferrite by the polyol processes: The special case of structure and properties of SrFe12O19
Authors: Le Hong Phuc , Si Thuan Ho , Nhat Hang Nguyen Thi , Xuan Hoang Nguyen , Quan Hien Nguyen , Van Cuu Ho , Viet Long Nguyen
Published: March 2024

In this research, we have mainly focused on the controlled synthesis, and properties of micro/nanosized ferrite and hexaferrite powders by the polyol process. They are Fe3O4-type Sr-Fe-O oxide and SrFe12O19 with the structure and magnetic properties by SEM, XRD, and VSM measurements. After heat treatment, it was discovered that Sr element was gradually fully incorporated into Fe3O4 for the formation of the original hexaferrite structure of SrFe12O19 at 950°C.
Pearls and Pitfalls in Applying PI-RADS 2.1
Authors: Pandey Ankur , Ghosh Soumyadeep , Prajapati Priyanka , Nakrour Nabih , Harisinghani Mukesh
Published: March 2024

The use of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly improved the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but there are certain challenges that the reader may face. This review provides an overview of the pitfalls associated with the PI-RADS system for multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI), with suggestions/pearls to help overcome these pitfalls.

PI-RADS assessment is hindered by several causes of false positives (FPs) and false negatives (FNs). In addition, there is wide variability in the positive predictive value (PPV) of the PI-RADS system across different centers, highlighting the need for improvement. While the negative predictive value (NPV) for csPCa is generally high, variations exist.

This review discusses the pitfalls contributing to FNs, including MRI artifacts, such as susceptibility and motion artifacts. Techniques to optimize image acquisition, such as switching the phase encoding direction and reducing bowel peristalsis, are suggested to mitigate these artifacts. Improper b-value selection for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is another pitfall, emphasizing the importance of using high b-values (≥1,400 s/mm2) to optimize neoplasm detection. Similarly, optimizing window settings to visualize csPCa, correctly positioning the endorectal coil, awareness of rare variants like mucinous adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma, and distinguishing central zone tumors from normal central zone are discussed.

This article highlights the common pitfalls causing FPs, such as benign pathologies like prostatitis, granulomatous prostatitis, prostatic abscess, stromal BPH nodules, extruded BPH nodules, and prostatic calcifications. It also discusses the pitfalls related to normal anatomical structures, including the central zone, anterior fibromuscular stroma, thickened surgical capsule, neurovascular bundle, and periprostatic venous plexus. Techniques for carefully evaluating these entities' morphology and distribution of signal abnormalities are described to avoid overdiagnosing these as PCa. The article also addresses the pitfalls related to postintervention changes, including postbiopsy hemorrhage and artifacts caused by the UroLift procedure, while providing recommendations for managing these challenges.

Finally, the pitfalls that may be encountered during staging, including evaluation for extraprostatic extension, and pelvic nodal and osseous metastases, are highlighted.
On interaction between a bubble with evaporation and heated pillar block in microchannel
Authors: Huang Haoxiang , Yu Jialing , Yan Zhe , Pan Zhenhai
Published: March 2024

As demand for managing high heat flux in specialized applications grows, flow boiling in microchannels has received escalating attention for its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The complex interaction between an evaporating bubble and a heated pillar in a microchannel is governed by a confluence of transport mechanisms, including bubble morphology, fluid convection, heat transfer, and phase change phenomena. This study develops a three-dimensional mathematical model, employing the saturated-interface-volume approach to simulate the complex interaction process effectively. The results indicate that the liquid film thickness between the bubble and the heated surface is the primary factor affecting heat transfer. A reduction in the Reynolds number as well as an increase in the initial bubble diameter lead to a decrease in the liquid film thickness and an increase in the temperature gradient within the thin liquid film, which enhance both the evaporation rate and heat transfer efficiency. The temperature of the surrounding fluid is also decreased. The bubble passage disrupts the flow structure, particularly impacting the boundary layer and vortex structure. These perturbations in temperature and flow structure constitute a secondary factor influencing heat transfer. The efficiency of heat transfer varies significantly across different surfaces; surfaces with a larger thin liquid film region exhibit the most significant improvement, followed by the downstream surface where the flow and temperature fields are most affected. This study advances the fundamental comprehension of the complex interaction between an evaporating bubble and a heated pillar in a microchannel, integrating a detailed analysis of the relevant transport mechanisms.
Effects of body shape on hydrodynamic interactions in a dense diamond fish school
Authors: Kelly John , Dong Haibo
Published: March 2024

To examine the effect that body shape plays in the interactions between fish in a dense fish school, fish-like undulating foils are numerically studied in a high-density diamond school. Shape parameters of leading edge radius, boattail angle, and maximum thickness location along the body are independently varied to control the body shape. A traveling wave is prescribed to the body, and the flow around the school is solved using an immersed boundary method-based incompressible Navier–Stokes flow solver. Our findings indicate that body shape does play a significant role in the performance of the school and varies school efficiency and thrust productions by as much as 7% and 40%, respectively, and changes the efficiency in individual swimmers within the school by up to 25%. The leading edge radius drives the scale of the anterior body suction experienced throughout the school. A rounder leading edge generates more suction but consequently consumes more power. Changes to the location of the maximum thickness along the foil significantly impact the wall effect in the school by changing the shape of the “wall.” A maximum thickness that occurs at or in front of the closest point of interaction between the body and tail is favored. Finally, changes to the boattail angle manipulate the shape of the active channels in the school altering vortex–body interactions and the wall effect. A large boattail angle leads to a pinching that prohibits significant flow in the channels, reducing performance.
Influence of hydrophobic particles on the film drainage during bubble–solid interaction
Authors: Dhara Palash , Jung Buyoung , Gala Luigi Davide , Borkar Suraj , Fuller G. G.
Published: March 2024

In this article, we investigate the complex drainage behavior of liquid (“dimple”) films entrapped between hydrophilic glass substrates and air bubbles in water and aqueous suspensions of polystyrene (PS) particles. The film drainage was monitored by capturing the evolution of spatial-temporal thicknesses using interferometry. Faster drainage of the entrapped film is observed in the PS colloid suspensions compared to the water. The film drainage strongly depends on the interface boundary conditions. Our experiments reveal that the air–liquid interface of the entrapped film becomes partially mobile in the PS suspensions, which results in faster drainage. The hydrophobic PS particles tend to migrate toward the air–water interface and form an ordered layer. We argue that the adsorbed layer of PS particles makes the bubble surface elastic, delaying the formation of the immobile interface.
Aerosolization of viable
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacilli by tuberculosis clinic attendees independent of sputum-Xpert Ultra status
Authors: Patterson Benjamin , Dinkele Ryan , Gessner Sophia , Koch Anastasia , Hoosen Zeenat , January Vanessa , Leonard Bryan , McKerry Andrea , Seldon Ronnett , Vazi Andiswa , Hermans Sabine , Cobelens Frank , Warner Digby F. , Wood Robin
Published: March 2024

Potential
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) transmission during different pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease states is poorly understood. We quantified viable aerosolized
Mtb
from TB clinic attendees following diagnosis and through six months’ follow-up thereafter. Presumptive TB patients (n=102) were classified by laboratory, radiological, and clinical features into Group A: Sputum-Xpert Ultra-positive TB (n=52), Group B: Sputum-Xpert Ultra-negative TB (n=20), or Group C: TB undiagnosed (n=30). All groups were assessed for
Mtb
bioaerosol release at baseline, and subsequently at 2 wk, 2 mo, and 6 mo. Groups A and B were notified to the national TB program and received standard anti-TB chemotherapy;
Mtb
was isolated from 92% and 90% at presentation, 87% and 74% at 2 wk, 54% and 44% at 2 mo and 32% and 20% at 6 mo, respectively. Surprisingly, similar numbers were detected in Group C not initiating TB treatment: 93%, 70%, 48% and 22% at the same timepoints. A temporal association was observed between
Mtb
bioaerosol release and TB symptoms in all three groups. Persistence of
Mtb
bioaerosol positivity was observed in ~30% of participants irrespective of TB chemotherapy. Captured
Mtb
bacilli were predominantly acid-fast stain-negative and poorly culturable; however, three bioaerosol samples yielded sufficient biomass following culture for whole-genome sequencing, revealing two different
Mtb
lineages. Detection of viable aerosolized
Mtb
in clinic attendees, independent of TB diagnosis, suggests that unidentified
Mtb
transmitters might contribute a significant attributable proportion of community exposure. Additional longitudinal studies with sputum culture-positive and -negative control participants are required to investigate this possibility.
Diachronic pathways to case marking alignment and what they mean for the explanation of synchronic cross-linguistic
patterns
Authors: Cristofaro Sonia
Published: March 2024

Case marking alignment has been assumed to reflect principles of optimization: dedicated case marking is limited
to arguments more in need of disambiguation, and semantically or pragmatically similar arguments are encoded by the same case
forms. This view is based on the synchronic properties of the relevant alignment patterns and the cross-linguistic rarity of other
logically possible ones, not diachronic phenomena involved in their emergence or cross-linguistic distribution. This paper
explores several developmental processes that recurrently give rise to accusative, ergative, and active case marking alignment
cross-linguistically, including reanalysis of argument structure, the development of case forms through grammaticalization or
phonological reduction, and the extension of an existing case form to novel contexts. These processes appear to be driven by
inherent or contextual properties of particular source constructions, independent of principles of optimization in the use of case
marking. The synchronic properties of the resulting alignment patterns cannot be taken as evidence for such principles either,
because they are due to inheritance (a case form inherits the distribution of particular source elements or developmental
processes, which is unrelated to the assumed optimization principles) or residue (a case form becomes restricted to particular
arguments as a new form develops for the other arguments, also independently of these principles). These facts call for a
source-oriented approach to case marking alignment and recurrent cross-linguistic patterns in general, one where the focus shifts
from the synchronic properties of individual patterns to unraveling the effects of several different diachronic phenomena that
give rise to individual patterns and shape their cross-linguistic distribution over time.
Wave finite element method based on isogeometric analysis for periodic structures
Authors: Lei Zhen , Liu Tengfei
Published: March 2024

In this paper, an efficient numerical approach is proposed to calculate the band structure of periodic structures. It combines the advantages of isogeometric analysis (IGA) and the wave finite element method (WFEM). By utilizing NURBS basis functions, the new method achieves high−order cross−element continuity, resulting in a more accurate evaluation of the band structure. The high order element exhibits improved stability and faster convergence. It also has small dispersion errors, thereby partially overcoming the limitations imposed by the thumb rule. However, in scenarios involving material sudden change, IGA−WFEM necessitates the insertion of repeated knots to prevent over continuity in the analysis. The aforementioned characteristics of the method are demonstrated through numerical evaluations of one− and two−dimensional periodic structures.
Development of a fault diagnostics and tolerance system: An application to continuous stirred tank reactor
Authors: Asim Abbasi Muhammad , Huang Shiping
Published: March 2024

Fault diagnosis and tolerance are crucial for monitoring system health and ensuring stability in industrial processes. Challenges arise in designing fault diagnostic solutions for real-time industrial processes with inherent nonlinear dynamic behaviors, particularly when dealing with multiple operating regions characterized by varying dynamics. This article addresses this challenge and proposes a fault diagnostic and tolerant control scheme for industrial systems. The proposed approach integrates a fuzzy-based realization technique with a subspace-aided methodology to effectively handle the nonlinear dynamic behavior observed across different operational scenarios. A practical solution is presented, significantly reducing the computational burden associated with online diagnostics, as the parity vectors are computed offline using available input–output data for different operating regions. During online diagnostics, only computed parity spaces are used with fuzzy realizations for residual generation, leading to a significant reduction in online computation. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving a high precision rate in fault diagnostics. Furthermore, the diagnostic methodology is integrated with fault-tolerant control for practical applications, as demonstrated in the application of a continuous stirred tank reactor. This integration enables the system to effectively tolerate faults and ensure sub-optimal operation of the industrial process.
Method of inclined hole axis adjustment based on geometric optimization and minimum zone theory
Authors: Zhang He , Yan Shixiong , Wang Li , Sun Chenghui , Cui Jiwen
Published: March 2024

The machining accuracy of the axis position and spatial angle of the array microholes with high aspect ratio on the components of the high-end equipment manufacturing industry will directly affect the performance of the whole machine. A method of tilt hole axis adjustment is proposed in this paper. It utilizes geometric optimization and minimum zone theory to measure the position and spatial angle of the hole axis. This addresses the slight angle error that occurs after correcting the inclined hole axis using visual techniques. Based on the minimum zone criterion for the cylindricity error, the evaluation model is re-established through the inner and the outer loop and spatial projection, which includes roundness evaluation of the projection curve by an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and elliptic fitting by a geometric parameter method, so as to obtain the optimal solution of the axis vector and spatial angle. Experimental comparison with the theory above shows that the precision of the method proposed is better than that of the least squares method and the traditional PSO algorithm based on the minimum zone criterion. The research results indicate that the precision of the tilt angle is better than 0.03°, and simultaneously the rotation angle is better than 0.1° in the range of 1°. This experiment verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
A nonlinear system to model communication between yeast cells during their mating process
Authors: Calvez Vincent , Lepoutre Thomas , Meunier Nicolas , Muller Nicolas
Published: March 2024

In this work, we develop a model to describe some aspects of communication between yeast cells. It consists in a coupled system of two one-dimensional non-linear advection-diffusion equations in which the advective field is given by the Hilbert transform. We give some sufficient condition for the blow-up in finite time of the coupled system (formation of a singularity). We provide a biological interpretation of these mathematical results.
Monge–Ampère geometry and vortices
Authors: Napper Lewis , Roulstone Ian , Rubtsov Vladimir , Wolf Martin
Published: March 2024

We introduce a new approach to Monge–Ampère geometry based on techniques from higher symplectic geometry. Our work is motivated by the application of Monge–Ampère geometry to the Poisson equation for the pressure that arises for incompressible Navier–Stokes flows. Whilst this equation constitutes an elliptic problem for the pressure, it can also be viewed as a non-linear partial differential equation connecting the pressure, the vorticity, and the rate-of-strain. As such, it is a key diagnostic relation in the quest to understand the formation of vortices in turbulent flows. We study this equation via an associated (higher) Lagrangian submanifold in the cotangent bundle to the configuration space of the fluid. Using our definition of a (higher) Monge–Ampère structure, we study an associated metric on the cotangent bundle together with its pull-back to the (higher) Lagrangian submanifold. The signatures of these metrics are dictated by the relationship between vorticity and rate-of-strain, and their scalar curvatures can be interpreted in a physical context in terms of the accumulation of vorticity, strain, and their gradients. We show explicity, in the case of two-dimensional flows, how topological information can be derived from the Monge–Ampère geometry of the Lagrangian submanifold. We also demonstrate how certain solutions to the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, such as Hill’s spherical vortex and an integrable case of Arnol’d–Beltrami–Childress flow, have symmetries that facilitate a formulation of these solutions from the perspective of (higher) symplectic reduction.
XTransCT: ultra-fast volumetric CT reconstruction using two orthogonal x-ray projections for image-guided radiation therapy via a transformer network
Authors: Zhang Chulong , Liu Lin , Dai Jingjing , Liu Xuan , He Wenfeng , Chan Yinping , Xie Yaoqin , Chi Feng , Liang Xiaokun
Published: March 2024

Objective. The aim of this study was to reconstruct volumetric computed tomography (CT) images in real-time from ultra-sparse two-dimensional x-ray projections, facilitating easier navigation and positioning during image-guided radiation therapy. Approach. Our approach leverages a voxel-sapce-searching Transformer model to overcome the limitations of conventional CT reconstruction techniques, which require extensive x-ray projections and lead to high radiation doses and equipment constraints. Main results. The proposed XTransCT algorithm demonstrated superior performance in terms of image quality, structural accuracy, and generalizability across different datasets, including a hospital set of 50 patients, the large-scale public LIDC-IDRI dataset, and the LNDb dataset for cross-validation. Notably, the algorithm achieved an approximately 300% improvement in reconstruction speed, with a rate of 44 ms per 3D image reconstruction compared to former 3D convolution-based methods. Significance. The XTransCT architecture has the potential to impact clinical practice by providing high-quality CT images faster and with substantially reduced radiation exposure for patients. The model's generalizability suggests it has the potential applicable in various healthcare settings.
Robust, planning-based targeted locoregional tumour heating in small animals
Authors: Groen Jort A , Crezee Johannes , van Laarhoven Hanneke W M , Coolen Bram F , Strijkers Gustav J , Bijlsma Maarten F , Kok H Petra
Published: March 2024

Objective. To improve hyperthermia in clinical practice, pre-clinical hyperthermia research is essential to investigate hyperthermia effects and assess novel treatment strategies. Translating pre-clinical hyperthermia findings into clinically viable protocols requires laboratory animal treatment techniques similar to clinical hyperthermia techniques. The ALBA micro8 electromagnetic heating system (Med-logix SRL, Rome, Italy) has recently been developed to provide the targeted locoregional tumour heating currently lacking for pre-clinical research. This study evaluates the heat focusing properties of this device and its ability to induce robust locoregional tumour heating under realistic physiological conditions using simulations. Approach. Simulations were performed using the Plan2Heat treatment planning package (Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands). First, the specific absorption rate (SAR) focus was characterised using a homogeneous phantom. Hereafter, a digital mouse model was used for the characterisation of heating robustness in a mouse. Device settings were optimised for treatment of a pancreas tumour and tested for varying circumstances. The impact of uncertainties in tissue property and perfusion values was evaluated using polynomial chaos expansion. Treatment quality and robustness were evaluated based on SAR and temperature distributions. Main results. The SAR distributions within the phantom are well-focused and can be adjusted to target any specific location. The focus size (full-width half-maximum) is a spheroid with diameters 9 mm (radially) and 20 mm (axially). The mouse model simulations show strong robustness against respiratory motion and intestine and stomach filling (

∆

T
90

≤
0.14

°C

)
.

Mouse positioning errors in the cranial-caudal direction lead to

∆

T
90

≤
0.23

°C. Uncertainties in tissue property and perfusion values were found to impact the treatment plan up to 0.56 °C (SD), with a variation on T
90 of 0.32 °C (1 SD). Significance. Our work shows that the pre-clinical phased-array system can provide adequate and robust locoregional heating of deep-seated target regions in mice. Using our software, robust treatment plans can be generated for pre-clinical hyperthermia research.
A photonic engine fueled by entangled two atoms
Authors: Gashu Feyisa Chimdessa , Jen H H
Published: March 2024

Entangled states are an important resource for quantum information processing and for the fundamental understanding of quantum physics. An intriguing open question would be whether entanglement can improve the performance of quantum heat engines in particular. One of the promising platforms to address this question is to use entangled atoms as a non-thermal bath for cavity photons, where the cavity mirror serves as a piston of the engine. Here we theoretically investigate a photonic quantum engine operating under an effective reservoir consisting of quantum-correlated pairs of atoms. We find that maximally entangled Bell states alone do not help extract useful work from the reservoir unless some extra populations in the excited states or ground states are taken into account. Furthermore, high efficiency and work output are shown for the non-maximally entangled superradiant state, while negligible for the subradiant state due to lack of emitted photons inside the cavity. Our results provide insights in the role of quantum-correlated atoms in a photonic engine and present new opportunities in designing a better quantum heat engine.