bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of seed-borne fungi of farmer-saved seeds of pepper and their control with some selected botanicals
Authors: Gyasi E. , Kwoseh C. , Moses E.
Published: August 2020

A survey was conducted on the source of planting materials and pre-planting seed treatment practice by pepper farmers in Obenemasi and Ofoase-Kokoben communities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana using a well-structured questionnaire in June, 2011. Seed health test was conducted on 40 farmer-saved pepper seed samples collected from the farmers interviewed using the blotter method in the laboratory. Efficacy of garlic, ginger and neem botanical extracts in managing the seed-borne fungi of pepper seeds was also investigated in this study in-vitro. Results of the questionnaire-based survey indicated that, majority of respondent farmers, about 75% recycled seeds from previous harvest, 20% of respondents also used seeds obtained from friends and 5% obtained their pepper seeds from local markets. Nine genera of fungi including 12 species were identified from the pepper seed samples collected. The three botanical extracts proved effective as Mancozeb in controlling one or more of the test seed-borne fungi. Garlic aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was effective as Mancozeb in controlling Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Ginger aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was also effective against seed-borne Fusarium and Aspergillus spp. whereas aqueous neem extract (60% (w/v)) was effective in controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.
Comparative Analysis of Change between Ellipsoidal Height Differences and Equivalent Orthometric Height Difference
Authors: Herbert Tata , Olatunji Raufu Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

Height is an important component in the determination of the position of a point. The study aimed at performing a comparative analysis of change between ellipsoidal height differences and the equivalent orthometric height difference of points. A hi-target Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) was used to acquire GPS data with an occupation period of thirty (30) minutes on each point, which were processed using Hi-target Geomatics Office (HGO) software to obtain the ellipsoidal heights. An automatic level instrument was used to acquire leveling data, which were processed using the height of collimation method to obtain the orthometric heights. A total of fifty (50) points were occupied as common points for both the GPS and levelling observations at 20-meter intervals. The accuracy of the height difference was determined using standard deviation with the ellipsoidal height difference as 53.59cm and the orthometric height as 53.07cm respectively. A Root Mean Square Error value of 0.0621m was obtained as the accuracy of the change between the two height differences. Statistical analysis using the independent-sample Z test was used to analyze the data at a 5% significant level. The result shows no significant difference in the performance of the two height systems. It is worthy to note that GPS and spirit levelling height differences can be used interchangeably for any heighting in short distances for surveying and engineering applications.
Detection of Sulphide Deposit Using Uranium/Potassium Ratio Map
Authors: Ohioma Ohi Jerry
Published: August 2020

Potassium (K) response is associated with minerals that can be easily weathered, whereas uranium (U) is usually related to residual clay, oxides and accessory minerals. With a view to interpret for the detection of sulphide deposit based on similar responses exhibited by the various rock units, radiometric data set was interpreted. The study area is located within Latitude +8000’00’’to +8030’00’’ and Longitude +5030’00’’E to +6000’00’’E. The data was collected in most parts of the Nigeria by Fugro Airborne Services Ltd. Johannesburg in collaboration with the Nigerian Geological Survey agency using a light aircraft that was flown in NW-SE direction with a nominal terrain clearance of 80 m and at a speed of 70-80 m/s, with a flight line spacing of 500 m apart. The acquired data was subjected to elemental concentration enhancement using Geosoft Oasis Montaj Software. From the interpreted data, the red coloured portions indicate high uranium and low potassium formations (H-U/K), while the blue coloured portions indicate low uranium and high potassium formations (L-U/K). The regions L-U/K have recorded low U/K ratios, meaning that L-U/K have very low uranium count rates as compared to the count rates of potassium in these regions; this signifies potassium abundance. This also suggests igneous activities that usually culminate to the emplacement of the meta-volcanic lithologies. H-U/K and M-U/K (Moderate U/K formations) are seen to have patches of high U/K ratios within the central portions. This high U/K ratio was therefore, as a result of sulphide deposition.
Competencias en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) de los docentes universitarios
Authors: Soto Guerra Rosa Yomara
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del artículo es dar a conocer los resultados de la tesis a nivel de maestría la cual tiene como título “El nivel de aplicación de la competencia pedagógica en relación a las Competencias en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) de los docentes de la carrera de Pedagogía del Centro Universitario de Oriente CUNORI-USAC”. La metodología utilizada en el estudio fue la descriptiva, por ello se consideró de tipo mixta. El estudio se consolidó sobre la base de la propuesta teórica del Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia (MEN, 2013); y la recolección de datos a través de un cuestionario que buscaba analizar las cinco competencias: tecnológica, pedagógica, comunicativa, de gestión e investigativa, sin embargo en este artículo se presentan resultados únicamente de la competencia pedagógica. Como técnicas de investigación se utilizó, la observación, entrevista y cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis de tipo descriptivo, con el programa SPSS (versión 23.0). La población objeto de estudio estuvo conformada por una  muestra de 201 estudiantes de los distintos semestres de la carrera, los cuales, cumplieron con los criterios de selección. En correspondencia al objetivo de investigación, se logró establecer que un 53.7% (108 docentes) se ubican en el nivel “bajo”, en relación a la competencia pedagógica, resultado que hace referencia a la debilidad en la utilización de recursos tecnológicos como las plataformas virtuales, dispositivos móviles y otros recursos que dinamizan el proceso educativo, evidenciando la urgencia de replantear el quehacer docente y los medios de los cuales estos se valen para la transmisión de conocimientos.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF TENDINOUS PRESSURE TECHNIQUE VERSUS MYOFASCIAL RELEASE IN THE REDUCTION OF SPASTICITY: A CROSS OVER STUDY
Authors: Marathe Dhanashri N. , Kunde Chetana , Ganvir Suvarna Shyam
Published: August 2020

Background- Spasticity following stroke is often associated with pain, soft tissue stiffness, decreased quality of life, increased treatment cost, and increased caregiver burden. Myofascial release is a new approach to relieve spasticity. It may act in the future as a facilitator and intensifier of treatment for a more consistent effect. Also, Inhibition techniques are used in spastic patients. In tendinous pressure, manual pressure is applied to the tendinous insertion of the muscle or across long tendons produces an inhibitory effect. AIM- To To find the immediate effect of tendinous pressure technique versus myofascial release in the reduction of spasticity. METHOD- The study was conducted in Vikhe Patil Hospital, Physiotherapy OPD, and Phuntamba Stroke Center. It was a cross over study conducted on spastic stroke patients using a purposive sampling method. Twenty-seven patients were included in the study. The duration of the study was of 6 months. Modified Tardieu scale was the outcome measure used at pre, and post-treatment measurement and the subject was treated with both the techniques with 2 hours of the interval to see which of the technique is more beneficial for reducing spasticity. RESULT-Result of within-group analysis of pre and post-treatment measurement of myofascial release showed clinical and statistical significance, but muscle reaction testing (X) showed no significant difference in  MTS whereas the result of within-group analysis of pre and post-treatment measurement, and muscle reaction testing (X) of tendinous pressure showed clinical and statistically significant improvement in MTS. The result of between the post-treatment measurement and muscle reaction testing of myofascial release and tendinous pressure showed no significant difference. In contrast, muscle reaction testing showed a significant difference in MTS of both the techniques.               CONCLUSION-So the conclusion can be made that tendinous pressure is more effective as compared to MFR in reducing the spasticity of stroke patients.
Revitalisasi Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (UKM) Kewirausahaan Berbasis Syariah
Authors: Yulita Erma
Published: August 2020

Perguruan tinggimengemban tanggung jawab dan kewajiban yang besar, khususnya membentuk sumber daya intelektual dalam rangka mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, termasuk dalam bidang ekonomi. Pengembangan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui UKM. UKM adalah wadah aktivitas kemahasiswaan untuk mengembangkan minat, bakat dan keahlian tertentu bagi para anggota-anggotanya.Salah satu UKM dilingkungan PTKI adalah UKM Kewirausahaan berbasis syariah dengan cara pengembangansikap entrepreneurshipyang diwujudkan dalamperilaku: Keinovasian, Keberanian, Kemampuan manajerial, dan Kepemimpinan, melalui kegitan yang melibatkan langsung mahasiswa seperti KOPMA (Koperasi Mahasiswa), pelatihan kader pengusaha muda dan ikut serta dalamajang kreasi mahasiswa baik lintas nasional maupun internasional.
Perkembangan Asuransi Syariah di Negara Muslim Minoritas (Studi Kasus: Inggris)
Authors: Lisa Hendro , Sholeha Sholeha
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perkembangan asuransi syariah di Negara muslim minoritas, dimana dalam studi kasus kali ini membahas Negara Inggris. Metode penulisan bersifat studi pustaka. Informasi yang didapatkan dari berbagai literatur dan disusun berdasarkan hasil studi dari informasi yang diperoleh. Penulisan diupayakan saling terkait antara satu sama lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan keuangan syariah di Inggris dalam hal ini asuransi, sangat pesat melebihi sebagian negara yang berpendudukan mayoritas muslim. Warga Inggris percaya bahwa system keuangan syariah yang dibawa oleh lembaga keuangan syariah dapat diaplikasikan oleh semua agama.
Evolução das leis de escala urbanas
Authors: Meirelles João Vitor , Rodrigues Neto Camilo , Fagundes Ferreira Fernando , Lemes Ribeiro Fabiano , Rebeca Binder Claudia
Published: August 2020

Nos últimos anos, a nova Ciência das Cidades se estabeleceu como uma abordagem quantitativa fértil para o entendimento dos fenômenos urbanos. Um de seus pilares é a proposição de que os sistemas urbanos apresentam comportamentos universais de escala de variáveis socioeconômicas, de infraestrutura e de serviços básicos individuais. Este artigo discute até onde essa proposição é realmente universal, testando-a frente a uma ampla variedade de métricas urbanas de um país em desenvolvimento. Apresentamos uma exploração dos expoentes de escala(mento) de mais de 60 variáveis do sistema urbano brasileiro. A estimação dos expoentes é um desafio técnico, dado que a definição de "município" no Brasil segue critérios políticos e não considera as características da paisagem, a densidade e os serviços domiciliares básicos. Considerando que os municípios brasileiros podem não ser iguais ao que se entende por assentamento urbanizado, selecionamos os mais assemelhados a "cidades" através de um procedimento sistemático de corte da densidade e estimamos os expoentes desse subconjunto. Para validar nossos achados, comparamos nossos resultados para as mesmas variáveis com outros estudos baseados em métodos alternativos. Os resultados mostram que as variáveis socioeconômicas analisadas seguem uma relação de escala superlinear com a população das cidades, enquanto a maioria das variáveis de infraestrutura e de serviços básicos domiciliares seguem os esperados regimes sublinear e linear, respectivamente. No entanto, algumas delas fogem dos regimes esperados, botando em dúvida a hipótese universal do escalamento urbano / leis de escala. Nossa conclusão é de que esses desvios são produto de decisões e políticas impostas "de cima para baixo". Mesmo que nossa análise abranja um período de apenas 10 anos e, portanto, não seja suficiente para permitir conclusões definitivas, há indícios de que os expoentes de escala dessas variáveis estão evoluindo e que os desvios podem ser apenas comportamentos restritos no tempo que não impedem os sistemas urbanos de atingir o regime esperado em algum momento futuro.
Peluang dan Tantangan Penerapan Prinsip Permanent Soverignity Over Natural Resources di Indonesia
Authors: Tuhulele Popi
Published: August 2020

Principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (PSNR) in international law are regulated in UN General Assembly Resolution Number 1515 (XV) 15 December 1960, and Resolution Number 1803, 14 December 1962, which recognizes permanent sovereignty over natural resources. The fact is that Indonesia which is rich in natural resources is not fully sovereign of its natural resources. This is influenced by limited capital ownership and also limited human resources. Because permanent sovereignty over natural resources should be directly proportional to the welfare of the people of Indonesia. This paper uses normative research methods with a database in the form of library data, online surveys, and several related legal materials, then described descriptively, and interpreted comprehensively. In this context, the importance of management and management of natural resources by the state. Because it is closely related to the risks posed by the exploitation and exploration of natural resources on geological and political aspects. For this reason, it is very important for Indonesia to adopt principles in supporting the rule of law at regional, international and national levels and protect the sovereignty and interests of the country.
Koordinasi Kelembagaan dalam Penenggelaman Kapal Hasil Tindak Pidana Di Bidang Perikanan
Authors: Adam Sherly
Published: August 2020

His study aims to determine to examine, analyze coordination between institutions in the framework of sinking vessels resulting from criminal acts in the field of fisheries. This research is a normative legal research (legal research). The research began with an inventory of legal regulations or laws and regulations relating to coordination between institutions in the framework of sinking vessels resulting from criminal acts in the field of fisheries. According to the Law, there are two methods of sinking ships carried out by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, namely sinking ships through a court decision and being caught red-handed. For this reason, there is coordination between institutions in the framework of sinking fishing vessels by the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (government) of the Republic of Indonesia, but the coordination of these institutions has not yet been implemented or carried out properly. This is due to unclear regulations regarding operational standards or guidelines for the destruction or sinking of fishing vessels which regulate the implementation, mechanism, and procedure for the destruction of ships to be used as a basis for the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Prosecutors' Office and the Courts in sinking fishing vessels conducting Illegal Fishing in Indonesian waters.
Penyelesaian Perkara Anak Sebagai Pelaku dan Korban Ditinjau Dari Asas Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak
Authors: Wadjo Hadibah Zachra , Leasa Elias Zadrach , Latumaerissa Denny , Saimima Judy Marria
Published: August 2020

In reality, specifically for the principle of the best interests of children who are accommodated in the Aanak Criminal Justice System Act not yet maximized to be applied in cases of children who are dealing with the law both against children as perpetrators and children as victims, which in the settlement of losses suffered by children as a victim of a criminal offense, it has not been concretely felt. Based on the explanation above, the problem that the writer wants to analyze is Is the settlement of the case of children considering the best interests of the child as the perpetrator and the child as the victim? Constraints in fulfilling the best interests principle for children as perpetrators and children as victims. The research method used is a type of empirical juridical research. The results showed that the fulfillment of the best interests of children in the case of children in conflict with the law must be supported by all relevant stakeholders so that children's rights can be implemented at all stages of the case inspection in accordance with the mandate of the Aanak Criminal Justice System Law and the Law related, it is not enough there, the fulfillment of the best interests must also continue to be supported back to the community. Obstacles in fulfilling the best interests of cases of children in conflict with the law, namely the lack of investigators for the protection of women and children, inadequate facilities or infrastructure, human resources both for women and children protection investigators and for assisting victims who are not yet qualified, lack of budget in case settlement children in conflict with the law.
A Mobile Healthcare Application for Chronic Disease Patient
Authors: Mahmoud Amr Salah
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a personalized food advisory application that can be used by chronic disease patients to manage and control their food intake. The application was developed as an Arabic Android application for mobile devices. The preliminary result confirms the importance of having such application to assist chronic diseases patients to follow the nutrition facts. Almost all the participants are willing to recommend the proposed system to their patients
International Building Codes and Guidelines for Interior Design
Authors: Tucker Lisa M
Published: August 2020

Introduces you to the International Building Codes and other regulatory guidelines and shows you how to apply design solutions with illustrated case studies. The book provides an overview of building codes and standards, and includes a description of the permitting process, document submission, and compliance and occupancy of the built project. The second part of the book is comprised of case studies illustrating all of the major codes areas. These case studies include REVIT rendered illustrations of important details, exercises practicing key concepts, and end-of-chapter compliance checklists. Special attention has been given to including both LEED and WELL Building Standards.
Portfolio Design for Interiors
Authors: Linton Harold , Engel William
Published: August 2020

Portfolio Design for Interiors teaches the aspiring interior designer how to create a professional quality portfolio. Using real examples of outstanding student portfolios, authors Harold Linton and William Engel demonstrate how to analyze, organize, problem-solve, and convey diverse types of visual and text information in various forms of historic, contemporary, and innovative styles. The text features a robust art program and examples of various presentation applications, including graduate study, employment, scholarships, grants, competitions, and fellowships. This is an accessible and comprehensive resource for students learning professional portfolio design.
Fabric for the Designed Interior
Authors: Koe Frank Theodore
Published: August 2020

Fabric for the Designed Interior, Second Edition, is a comprehensive text for students and professionals, addressing both residential and commercial interiors. The book begins by placing fabric in a historic context, examining its connection to the growth of civilization. Later chapters take a practical approach to provide readers with the tools they need for successfully specifying fabric, dealing with environmental and safety concerns, understanding fabric and carpet-care issues, working with bids and contracts, and learning strategies for navigating showrooms and fabricating facilities. Leading designers, fabric manufacturers, and suppliers weigh in with their experiences, giving readers a clear idea of real-world expectations. This new edition is updated with expanded coverage on sustainable fabrics, more robust and clear instructions on costing, an appendix of historic and decorative architectural styles, and a revised art program featuring contemporary styles.
Interior Design Fundamentals
Authors: Webber Steven B.
Published: August 2020

The book's greatest strength is approaching the subject through the lens of design thinking. There is a need to emphasize design thinking at early foundation levels in interior design." Lee Keen, Louisiana State University, USA

Learn the basics of interior design, design thinking, and the design process. Envision yourself in the role of professional designer as you learn about design phases, spatial well-being, color theory, professional practice, finishes, furnishings, lighting, environmental systems, and more. Case studies, review questions, and exercises in every chapter will help you see how the topics will affect your career.
Historic Preservation for Designers
Authors: Dedek Peter B.
Published: August 2020

Historic Preservation for Designers offers a comprehensive overview of historic preservation with a focus on historic interiors, historic building materials, and the adaptive reuse of interiors. This text includes a brief history of preservation in the United States, criteria to determine whether a building is historic, a discussion of preservation law, and how to document historic buildings with a focus on design and understanding functional and aesthetic requirements.

The text explores issues including building restoration and rehabilitation standards, adaptive reuse principles,and codes and accessibility requirements. Designers will discover timely information on inspecting historic buildings to determine their age and condition as well as the growing relationship between historic preservation, green design, and the environment.
Sketching Interiors
Authors: Ding Suining
Published: August 2020

Sketching Interiors: From Traditional to Digital, highlights four basic drawing skills for interior sketching across three different media-pencil, ink, and marker. The in-depth approach to various elements of sketching, including details of perception, texture, negative space, elevation, contour, and the treatment of interior and exterior spaces, will help students perfect freehand and drawing skills. Throughout various exercises inspired by field studies, students will learn best practices for creating and presenting work for clients. Additionally, the book introduces the techniques of transforming hand drawings into sophisticated digital drawings using Photoshop, an invaluable resource for both new and seasoned designers.
Studio Companion Series Design Basics
Authors: Fullmer Donna
Published: August 2020

The Studio Companion Series consists of four books, available separately or as a set, that provide a launch pad into the study of design and architecture. Clear instructions and a wealth of examples give students a comprehensive look at the entire design process, from concept to presentation. Developed for today's student, the books present material in a contemporary and graphic manner and are compact and highly portable. The series includes: Design Basics, Drafting Basics, 3D Design Basics, and Presentation Basics.

Design Basics familiarizes students with the fundamental elements and principles of design, offering them a vocabulary with which to understand and discuss interiors and architecture. Using well-articulated definitions and clear, highly-visual examples, this full-color book will expand students' appreciation of design and help them get started creating their own spaces.
Development of SITU: a survey to measure the impact of outreach activities
Authors: Vardy Emma J. , Upton Penney , Upton Dominic
Published: August 2020

The Office for Students' (OfS) aims are clear that it wants to increase robust evidence to understand the impact of outreach activities. There are different mechanisms to collate this evidence which outreach departments can use. To support the collection of robust evidence, this paper
outlines the development of Students' Intentions towards University (SITU), a survey that practitioners can use as part of evaluating outreach activities such as ad hoc events or intensive interventions. This paper outlines the four stages that were undertaken to develop SITU to ensure a reliable
and valid measure was constructed. At each stage, young people (aged 13 to 18) were consulted to ensure the measure was fit for purpose. The final survey comprises 15 items and is a quick, easy-to-administer survey that practitioners can use confidently. It is proposed that the survey will
provide a valid data-collection tool to measure the outcome of outreach activities and the paper will be used as a guide for outreach departments to construct their own measures. Further research is required to test the application of the measure.
Language Issue in German Higher Education Internationalization: Ideologies, Management and Practices for English-Medium Instruction
Authors: Lin Xiao , Yang Chunchun
Published: August 2020

Employing document analysis and corpus-assisted discourse analysis, this study examines the language ideologies in German higher education internationalization policies and strategies, across European, German federal and university levels. It further investigates how these policies and strategies relate to the English-medium instruction practices in German universities, adopting Spolsky’s (2004, 2009) framework for language policy analysis. Results show that all institutions at the three levels recognize the role of EMI in promoting the higher education internationalization, but their policy documents adopt evasive attitudes towards EMI to varying degrees. The internationalization policies at the European level show the most tendency to evade the language issue, especially English, while the German federal internationalization documents include more contents about language, even EMI, and they are concerned about promoting the German language alongside English. At the university level, the welcoming attitudes towards EMI are displayed most overtly in the internationalization strategies and the rapid development trend and the predominant English-only type of EMI programs. The study underscores the potential benefits of a multilayered analysis of higher education internationalization policies and EMI practices, and the universities’ important role in balancing the English and the national language in the higher education domain.
INFLUENCE OF SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON IMPREGNATION PROCESS IN PRODUCTION OF METHANE CONVERSION CATALYSTS
Authors: Makrushin Nikolay A. , Gartman Vladimir L. , Weynbender Aleksandr Ya. , Dulnev Alexey V. , Zamuruev Oleg V.
Published: August 2020

The effect of various surfactants on the corundum carrier impregnation process using solutions of nickel and aluminum nitrates in steam condensate used in the production of supported methane steam reforming catalysts is compared. It has been shown that the use of surfactants to eliminate the “hang” of the impregnating solution in the carrier layer (catalyst or intermediate with multiple impregnation) in the holes of the granules, as well as in the contact points of the granules between themselves and the walls of the apparatus is an effective method of improving the quality of the resulting catalyst. Using for this purpose, synthanols (ethoxylated alcohols, which are non-ionic surfactants), compared with diethylamine, polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene glycol, can significantly (by 3 orders of magnitude) reduce their required content in solution, which is confirmed by many years of production experience. The high efficiency of synthanol in reducing the surface tension of the solution at its minimum concentrations was confirmed. The results of spectral studies and quantum-chemical calculations of the syntanols molecules interaction with nickel ions are presented. The presence of intermolecular interaction in the solution between the surfactant molecules and nickel ions, leading to the binding of some of the ions in the solution, is shown. The use of synthanol can significantly reduce the chance of the catalyst surface carbonization that decreases its activity. Also the probability of possible some metal ions entrainment with the impregnating solution decreases. The use of synthanol, taking into account its widespread use in sanitary goods and hygiene products, also allows reducing toxicity and explosion hazard at workplaces inside the methane conversion catalysts production area.
ACTIVATION OF HARDENING PROCESSES OF FLUOROGYPSUM COMPOSITIONS BY CHEMICAL ADDITIVES OF SODIUM SALTS
Authors: Kurmangalieva Anna I. , Anikanova Lyubov' A. , Volkova Ol'ga V. , Kudyakov Alexandr I. , Sarkisov Yurij S. , Abzaev Yurij A.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to modifications of fluorogypsum compositions by chemical additives of sodium salts in the form of sulfate, sulfite and sodium sulfide, as well as their combined effect on the kinetics of structure formation processes. Technological, ecological and technical aspects of utilization of fluorogypsum compositions activated by additives were investigated. Experiments have shown that an up to 3% increase in the amount of sodium sulfite additive leads to an increase in the compressive strength of samples at early stages of hardening (up to 14 days), whereas utilization of sodium sulfate additive forms a crystallization structure at later stages. Therefore, it is rational to combine sulfate and sodium sulfite additives in an amount not exceeding 3% of the binder’s weight. The binder hardening structure formation with sodium sulfide addition at early stages results in production of additional structure-forming substances such as calcium sulfide. The mechanism of differentiated application of individual sulfate and sodium sulfite additives allowed to suggest that combined sulfate and sulfite additives utilization seems to be the most rational decision, due to the fact that it is not a mere individual additives’ combination, but a buffer mixture, which means that the mechanism of such mixtures influence will be subject to the buffer action. The system will maintain a strictly defined pH range constancy, which determines stability of new growths, forming the hardening structure. However, using sodium sulfide as an additive and studying its impact on fluoroanhydrate compositions structure formation in both individual and combined with sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate forms appears to be as much reasonable. The combined Na2SO3-Na2SO4 additive activates hardening processes both at early and late stages. At the same time, columnar structures growing from the center to the periphery are formed, as indicated by electron-microscopic studies. Their growth stems from concentration gradient of SO42-- and SO32-- ions, which is in complete agreement with the other research data and is typical for both metal melts and cement systems solidification process.
FEATURES OF PHENOL ALKYLATION WITH HIGHER ALPHA – OLEFINS ON MACROPOROUS SULFOCATIONITES
Authors: Levanova Svetlana V. , Lyzhnikova Tatiana A. , Sushkova Svetlana V.
Published: August 2020

The features of phenol alkylation by higher alpha-olefins to obtain monoalkylphenols (MAP) using commercial industrial samples of macroporous sulfocationites are considered: Tulsion-66 and Amberlist 36 dry, which are in different price categories and differ significantly in geometric dimensions: pore diameter at Tulsion-66 = 450-500 A; at Amberlist 36 dry =240 A; pore volume (cm3/g) 0.35 and 0.2, respectively. The thermodynamic analysis of a complex mixture of simultaneously occurring reversible reactions of the formation of target monoalkylphenols (the sum of ortho - and para - isomers) and by-products (dialkylphenols and alkylphenyl ether) in the range of 383-408 K was performed. It was found that to obtain 97-98% equilibrium monoalkylphenols yield, it is necessary to have a 4-6 fold molar excess of phenol with respect to olefins. It is not recommended to raise the temperature above 408 K, as this leads to a significant increase in by-products. In the course of kinetic studies, the optimal concentration of sulfocationites was established - 20% for the initial mixture, providing maximum rates for the selected samples under the same conditions while maintaining selectivity for the target monoalkylphenols at the level of 97-98%. Thus, at T=383 K, the phenol/olefin ratio =6: 1, the reaction rate on Tulsion-66 is 1.6-1.7 times higher than on Amberlist 36 dry. The activation energies estimated from experimental data in the studied temperature range had values (kJ/mol) : 14.64±1.89 on Tulsion-66  and 26.53±3.2 on Amberlist 36 dry. Differences in the reactivity of the investigated sulfocationites confirm the known theoretical positions, according to which the reaction rate during ion exchange catalysis depends on the ratio of the sizes of reacting molecules and catalyst pores.
Auctorialités théâtrales : un chantier du GRIET XIX-XXI
Authors: Barut Benoît , Brun Catherine , Le Corre Élisabeth
Published: August 2020

Parce que le théâtre est un art nécessairement collectif à quelque degré, son
auctorialité doit être pensée au pluriel. Le passage du texte à la scène, lorsqu’il existe,
engage un partage d’auctorialité : metteur en scène, acteurs, décorateurs, costumiers,
techniciens, éclairagistes, ingénieurs du son, spectateurs parfois… entrent dans la danse
créatrice. En outre, chacun des « temps » du théâtre — celui de l(a ré)écriture, de soi ou
des autres, sur la page ou sur le plateau ; de la création ; de la diffusion, scénique ou
éditoriale — engage parfois, pour un seul et même signataire et pour une même création,
plusieurs auteurs. Pour circonscrire cette auctorialité polymorphe, les intervenants du
GRIET ont mis au jour des cadres et des tendances examinés ici au prisme de deux mouvements
contraires : en plongée, comme une autorité écrasante, venue d’en haut, mais contrariée ; en
contre-plongée : comme une coopération horizontale, d’où émerge souvent une figure
dominante.
Les conditions et les modes d’exercice du métier d’auteur dramatique en France
Authors: Doré Antoine
Published: August 2020

Les auteurs dramatiques français bénéficient de la plus ancienne législation au monde sur les droits d’auteur, qui leur assure des droits moraux forts sur leurs oeuvres et leur permet de recevoir des revenus pour l’exploitation scénique ou éditoriale de leurs textes. Cependant, leur mode de rémunération spécifique, les droits d’auteur, sont structurellement faibles et irréguliers. Dès lors, les auteurs dramatiques sont amenés à être polyvalents et à diversifier leurs activités, pour les uns à l’intérieur de la sphère de l’écriture créative, pour d’autres au sein du champ théâtral, pour d’autres encore en dehors du secteur artistique. Trois grands modèles d’exercice de la fonction d’auteur, correspondant à des modes distincts de rémunération, de légitimation et de relation à la production scénique, peuvent être identifiés : les « auteurs de commande », les « auteurs-metteurs en scène » et les « auteurs de projets libres ».
(Auto)portraits de l’écrivain en vis-à-vis ii1. L’entretien dans les collections « Qui êtes-vous ? » (La Manufacture) et « Les contemporains » (Le Seuil)
Authors: Martens David
Published: August 2020

Les collections de monographies illustrées connaissent, durant les années 1980, une inflexion notable en France. Elle se traduit par la création de deux nouvelles séries, caractérisées par une focalisation plus prononcée sur les écrivains contemporains : « Qui êtes-vous ? » (La Manufacture, 1985) et « Les contemporains » (Le Seuil, 1988). D’un point de vue générique, l’une des spécificités les plus marquantes de ces deux séries réside dans l’intégration d’entretiens avec l’écrivain présenté. Prolongeant une précédente étude sur ces deux collections, le présent article s’interroge sur les fonctions assignées aux entretiens dans l’économie discursive de ces ouvrages et sur la façon dont leur usage tend à les rapprocher de l’espace discursif de l’oeuvre incarné par l’écrivain.
A machine-vision approach for automated pain measurement at millisecond timescales
Authors: Jones Jessica M , Foster William , Twomey Colin R , Burdge Justin , Ahmed Osama M , Pereira Talmo D , Wojick Jessica A , Corder Gregory , Plotkin Joshua B , Abdus-Saboor Ishmail
Published: August 2020

Objective and automatic measurement of pain in mice remains a barrier for discovery in neuroscience. Here, we capture paw kinematics during pain behavior in mice with high-speed videography and automated paw tracking with machine and deep learning approaches. Our statistical software platform, PAWS (Pain Assessment at Withdrawal Speeds), uses a univariate projection of paw position over time to automatically quantify seven behavioral features that are combined into a single, univariate pain score. Automated paw tracking combined with PAWS reveals a behaviorally divergent mouse strain that displays hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli. To demonstrate the efficacy of PAWS for detecting spinally versus centrally mediated behavioral responses, we chemogenetically activated nociceptive neurons in the amygdala, which further separated the pain-related behavioral features and the resulting pain score. Taken together, this automated pain quantification approach will increase objectivity in collecting rigorous behavioral data, and it is compatible with other neural circuit dissection tools for determining the mouse pain state.
How to measure and evaluate binding affinities
Authors: Jarmoskaite Inga , AlSadhan Ishraq , Vaidyanathan Pavanapuresan P , Herschlag Daniel
Published: August 2020

Quantitative measurements of biomolecule associations are central to biological understanding and are needed to build and test predictive and mechanistic models. Given the advances in high-throughput technologies and the projected increase in the availability of binding data, we found it especially timely to evaluate the current standards for performing and reporting binding measurements. A review of 100 studies revealed that in most cases essential controls for establishing the appropriate incubation time and concentration regime were not documented, making it impossible to determine measurement reliability. Moreover, several reported affinities could be concluded to be incorrect, thereby impacting biological interpretations. Given these challenges, we provide a framework for a broad range of researchers to evaluate, teach about, perform, and clearly document high-quality equilibrium binding measurements. We apply this framework and explain underlying fundamental concepts through experimental examples with the RNA-binding protein Puf4.
The novel ciliogenesis regulator DYRK2 governs Hedgehog signaling during mouse embryogenesis
Authors: Yoshida Saishu , Aoki Katsuhiko , Fujiwara Ken , Nakakura Takashi , Kawamura Akira , Yamada Kohji , Ono Masaya , Yogosawa Satomi , Yoshida Kiyotsugu
Published: August 2020

Mammalian Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays key roles in embryogenesis and uniquely requires primary cilia. Functional analyses of several ciliogenesis-related genes led to the discovery of the developmental diseases known as ciliopathies. Hence, identification of mammalian factors that regulate ciliogenesis can provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis and ciliopathy. Here, we demonstrate that DYRK2 acts as a novel mammalian ciliogenesis-related protein kinase. Loss ofDyrk2in mice causes suppression of Hh signaling and results in skeletal abnormalities during in vivo embryogenesis. Deletion ofDyrk2induces abnormal ciliary morphology and trafficking of Hh pathway components. Mechanistically, transcriptome analyses demonstrate down-regulation ofAurkaand other disassembly genes followingDyrk2deletion. Taken together, the present study demonstrates for the first time that DYRK2 controls ciliogenesis and is necessary for Hh signaling during mammalian development.
Nurses’ knowledge about health promotion in the intensive therapy unit
Authors: Magalhães Juliana Macêdo , Carvalho Ana Carolina Vasconcelos , Mesquita Laudiane Fernandes de , Alencar Delmo de Carvalho , Viana Larissa Vanessa Machado , Ribeiro Cynthia Maria Santiago
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar os conhecimentos de enfermeiros intensivistas sobre a promoção da saúde em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um Hospital de ensino localizado na cidade de Teresina-PI. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2015. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio do software Microsoft Office Excel 2007 para a obtenção de frequência, média e percentual. Resultados: Ainda há muito a avançar para alcançar o desenvolvimento da promoção da saúde no contexto hospitalar, particularmente, no contexto da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, sobretudo, porque as práticas de saúde instituídas no cuidado ao cliente são centradas hegemonicamente nos aspectos físicos da doença e não é adotada de forma unânime pelos enfermeiros. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros entenderam a importância da promoção da saúde para evitar complicações no estado de saúde dos clientes que assistem.
Interfacing Neurons with Nanostructured Electrodes Modulates Synaptic Circuit Features
Authors: Domínguez‐Bajo Ana , Rodilla Beatriz Loreto , Calaresu Ivo , Arché‐Núñez Ana , González‐Mayorga Ankor , Scaini Denis , Pérez Lucas , Camarero Julio , Miranda Rodolfo , López‐Dolado Elisa , González María Teresa , Ballerini Laura , Serrano María Concepción
Published: August 2020

Understanding neural physiopathology requires advances in nanotechnology‐based interfaces, engineered to monitor the functional state of mammalian nervous cells. Such interfaces typically contain nanometer‐size features for stimulation and recording as in cell‐non‐invasive extracellular microelectrode arrays. In such devices, it turns crucial to understand specific interactions of neural cells with physicochemical features of electrodes, which could be designed to optimize performance. Herein, versatile flexible nanostructured electrodes covered by arrays of metallic nanowires are fabricated and used to investigate the role of chemical composition and nanotopography on rat brain cells in vitro. By using Au and Ni as exemplary materials, nanostructure and chemical composition are demonstrated to play major roles in the interaction of neural cells with electrodes. Nanostructured devices are interfaced to rat embryonic cortical cells and postnatal hippocampal neurons forming synaptic circuits. It is shown that Au‐based electrodes behave similarly to controls. Contrarily, Ni‐based nanostructured electrodes increase cell survival, boost neuronal differentiation, and reduce glial cells with respect to flat counterparts. Nonetheless, Au‐based electrodes perform superiorly compared to Ni‐based ones. Under electrical stimulation, Au‐based nanostructured substrates evoke intracellular calcium dynamics compatible with neural networks activation. These studies highlight the opportunity for these electrodes to excite a silent neural network by direct neuronal membranes depolarization.
The Role of Ni and Co in Suppressing O‐Loss in Li‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Boivin Edouard , Guerrini Niccolo , House Robert A. , Lozano Juan G. , Jin Liyu , Rees Gregory J. , Somerville James W. , Kuss Christian , Roberts Matthew R. , Bruce Peter G.
Published: August 2020

Lithium‐rich transition metal cathodes can deliver higher capacities than stoichiometric materials by exploiting redox reactions on oxygen. However, oxidation of O2− on charging often results in loss of oxygen from the lattice. In the case of Li2MnO3 all the capacity arises from oxygen loss, whereas doping with Ni and/or Co leads to the archetypal O‐redox cathodes Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 and Li[Li0.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54]O2, which exhibit much reduced oxygen loss. Understanding the factors that determine the degree of reversible O‐redox versus irreversible O‐loss is important if Li‐rich cathodes are to be exploited in next generation lithium‐ion batteries. Here it is shown that the almost complete eradication of O‐loss with Ni substitution is due to the presence of a less Li‐rich, more Ni‐rich (nearer stoichiometric) rocksalt shell at the surface of the particles compared with the bulk, which acts as a self‐protecting layer against O‐loss. In the case of Ni and Co co‐substitution, a thinner rocksalt shell forms, and the O‐loss is more abundant. In contrast, Co doping does not result in a surface shell yet it still suppresses O‐loss, although less so than Ni and Ni/Co doping, indicating that doping without shell formation is effective and that two mechanisms exist for O‐loss suppression.
Synergistic CO2‐Sieving from Polymer with Intrinsic Microporosity Masking Nanoporous Single‐Layer Graphene
Authors: He Guangwei , Huang Shiqi , Villalobos Luis Francisco , Vahdat Mohammad Tohidi , Guiver Michael D. , Zhao Jing , Lee Wan‐Chi , Mensi Mounir , Agrawal Kumar Varoon
Published: August 2020

High‐flux nanoporous single‐layer graphene membranes are highly promising for energy‐efficient gas separation. Herein, in the context of carbon capture, a remarkable enhancement in the CO2 selectivity is demonstrated by uniquely masking nanoporous single‐layer graphene with polymer with intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1). In the process, a major bottleneck of the state‐of‐the‐art pore‐incorporation techniques in graphene has been overcome, where in addition to the molecular sieving nanopores, larger nonselective nanopores are also incorporated, which so far, has restricted the realization of CO2‐sieving from graphene membranes. Overall, much higher CO2/N2 selectivity (33) is achieved from the composite film than that from the standalone nanoporous graphene (NG) (10) and the PIM‐1 membranes (15), crossing the selectivity target (20) for postcombustion carbon capture. The selectivity enhancement is explained by an analytical gas transport model for NG, which shows that the transport of the stronger‐adsorbing CO2 is dominated by the adsorbed phase transport pathway whereas the transport of N2 benefits significantly from the direct gas‐phase transport pathway. Further, slow positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy reveals that the interactions with graphene reduce the free volume of interfacial PIM‐1 chains which is expected to contribute to the selectivity. Overall, this approach brings graphene membrane a step closer to industrial deployment.