bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic Vertical‐Axis Rotations of the Hoh Xil Basin, Central–Northern Tibet
Authors: Bo RAN , Xixi ZHAO , Zhifei LIU , Chengshan WANG , Lidong ZHU , Wei JIN , Yalin LI
Published: June 2016

Understanding the Cenozoic vertical‐axis rotation in the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for continental dynamic evolution. Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic investigations were carried out for the Oligocene and Miocene continental rocks of the Hoh Xil basin in order to better understand the tectonic rotations of central Tibet. The study area was located in the Tongtianhe area located in the southern part of the Hoh Xil basin and northern margin of the Tanggula thrust system in central‐northern Tibet A total of 160 independently oriented paleomagnetic samples were drilled from the Tongtianhe section for this study. The magnetic properties of magnetite and hematite have been recognized by measurements of magnetic susceptibility vs. temperature curves and unblocking temperatures. The mean directions of the Oligocene Yaxicuo Group in stratigraphic coordinates (Declination/Inclination = 354.9°/29.3°, k = 33.0, α95 = 13.5°, N =5 Sites) and of the Miocene Wudaoliang Group in stratigraphic coordinates (Declination/Inclination = 3.6°/36.4°, k = 161.0, α95 = 9.7°, N = 3 Sites) pass reversal tests, indicating the primary nature of the characteristic magnetizations. Our results suggested that the sampled areas in the Tuotuohe depression of the Hoh Xil basin have undergone no paleomagnetically detectable rotations under single thrusting from the Tanggula thrust system. Our findings, together with constraints from other tectonic characteristics reported by previous paleomagnetic studies, suggest tectonic rotations in the Cuoredejia and Wudaoliang depressions of the Hoh Xil basin were affected by strike‐slip faulting of the Fenghuo Shan‐Nangqian thrust systems. A closer examination of geological data and different vertical‐axis rotation magnitudes suggest the tectonic history of the Hoh Xil basin may be controlled by thrust and strike‐slip faulting since the Eocene.
Regional Geochemistry and Fluid Flow in the Palaeogene Aquifers of the Gaoyou Subbasin in the Southern Part of North Jiangsu Basin, China
Authors: Mei LI
Published: June 2016

Chemical analysis of groundwater in petroliferous basins can be an effective way to determine the regional hydrogeological regime and to evaluate the preservation conditions of hydrocarbons. This paper presents the hydrochemical distribution of both individual aquifers and different structural units within the Palaeogene strata of the Gaoyou subbasin in the North Jiangsu Basin, east China. The results show that the salinity of the Palaeogene aquifers in the Gaoyou subbasin displays a systematic increase from the central deep depression to the periphery areas, and shows a reverse trend as the burial depth increases. Salinity maps of individual aquifers suggest that formation water in the deep layers at the centre of the study area probably retains original features of fresh lake water. Geofluids near the central deep depression of the Gaoyou subbasin migrate vertically through the Zhenwu and Hanliu faults, while those of the northern slope belt mainly flow laterally through aquifers. Both low and high salinity formation water can be found in the hydrocarbon producing areas. The low salinity zones commonly affected by infiltrated meteoric water are unfavourable conditions for the preservation of trapped hydrocarbons.
Experimental Study on the Mobility of Channelized Granular Mass Flow
Authors: Gongdan ZHOU , WRIGHT Nigel G. , Qicheng SUN , Qipeng CAI
Published: June 2016

Granular mass flows (e.g., debris flows/avalanches) in landslide‐prone areas are of great concern because they often cause catastrophic disasters as a result of their long run‐out distances and large impact forces. To investigate the factors influencing granular mass flow mobility, experimental tests were conducted in a flume model. Granular materials consisting of homogeneous sand and non‐homogeneous sandy soil were used for studying particle size effects. Run‐out tests with variable flow masses, water contents, and sloping channel confinement parameters were conducted as well. The results indicated that granular mass flow mobility was significantly influenced by the initial water content; a critical water content corresponding to the smallest flow mobility exists for different granular materials. An increase in the total flow mass generally induced a reduction in the travel angle (an increase in flow mobility). Consistent with field observations, the travel angles for different granular materials decreased roughly in proportion to the logarithm of mass. The flume model tests illustrate that the measured travel angles increase as the proportion of fine particles increases. Interestingly, natural terrain possesses critical confinement characteristics for different granular mass flows.
Reservoir Characteristics of Lacustrine Shale and Marine Shale: Examples from the Songliao Basin, Bohai Bay Basin and Qiannan Depression
Authors: Min WANG , Shuangfang LU , Zhiwei WANG , Yang LIU , Wenbiao HUANG , Fangwen CHEN , Xingyou XU , Zheng LI , Jijun LI
Published: June 2016

Lacustrine shale from the Qingshankou Formatin of Songliao basin and the Shahejie Formation of Bohai Bay basin, and marine shale from the lower Cambrian Jiumenchong Formation of Qiannan depression were analysed by using rock pyrolysis, TOC (total organic carbon), XRD (X‐ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope), FE‐SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope), high pressure mercury intrusion, and low pressure N2 and CO2 gas adsorption experiments, in aim to reveal their reservoir features. The results show that: (1) the width of micro‐pores of all the studied samples mainly ranges from 0.45 to 0.7 nm indicated by CO2 isotherms, and the width of meso‐pores is less than 10 nm, with type IV adsorption isotherms and type H2 hysteresis loop, indicative of “ink‐bottle”‐shaped pores. Good correlations exist among pore volume, surface area and averaged pore diameter, and a good positive correlation exists between micro‐pore volume and TOC content; however, there is no obvious correlation between meso‐pore volume and TOC content; (2) interparticle pores, pores among the edge of mineral grains and organic matter pores were all identified in marine and lacustrine shale, among which the interparticle pores may be influence by dissolution effect Not all bitumen develops organic matter pore, and only high to over mature bitumen present pores. Now the description methods of micrometer scale pores developed in shale are very lack. Micro‐fractures developed in Jiyang depression and dissolution interparticle pores developed in Songliao Basin should be the accumulation sites for shale oil in lacustrine shale, and can be as sweet spots.
Using Bayes factors for testing hypotheses about intervention effectiveness in addictions research
Authors: Beard Emma , Dienes Zoltan , Muirhead Colin , West Robert
Published: June 2016

Background and Aims

It has been proposed that more use should be made of Bayes factors in hypothesis testing in addiction research. Bayes factors are the ratios of the likelihood of a specified hypothesis (e.g. an intervention effect within a given range) to another hypothesis (e.g. no effect). They are particularly important for differentiating lack of strong evidence for an effect and evidence for lack of an effect. This paper reviewed randomized trials reported in Addiction between January and June 2013 to assess how far Bayes factors might improve the interpretation of the data.

Methods

Seventy‐five effect sizes and their standard errors were extracted from 12 trials. Seventy‐three per cent (n = 55) of these were non‐significant (i.e. P > 0.05). For each non‐significant finding a Bayes factor was calculated using a population effect derived from previous research. In sensitivity analyses, a further two Bayes factors were calculated assuming clinically meaningful and plausible ranges around this population effect.

Results

Twenty per cent (n = 11) of the non‐significant Bayes factors were < ⅓ and 3.6% (n = 2) were > 3. The other 76.4% (n = 42) of Bayes factors were between ⅓ and 3. Of these, 26 were in the direction of there being an effect (Bayes factor > 1 and < 3); 12 tended to favour the hypothesis of no effect (Bayes factor < 1 and > ⅓); and for four there was no evidence either way (Bayes factor = 1). In sensitivity analyses, 13.3% of Bayes Factors were < ⅓ (n = 20), 62.7% (n = 94) were between ⅓ and 3 and 24.0% (n = 36) were > 3, showing good concordance with the main results.

Conclusions

Use of Bayes factors when analysing data from randomized trials of interventions in addiction research can provide important information that would lead to more precise conclusions than are obtained typically using currently prevailing methods.
Pre‐Hispanic Mortuary Practices in Quebrada de Humahuaca (North‐Western Argentina): Genetic Relatedness among Individuals Buried in the Same Grave
Authors: Russo M. Gabriela , Mendisco Fanny , Avena Sergio A. , Dejean Cristina B. , Seldes Verónica
Published: June 2016

Almost all pre‐Hispanic societies from Quebrada de Humahuaca (north‐western Argentina) buried their defuncts in domestic areas, demonstrating the importance of death and its daily presence among the living. Presumably, the collective graves contained related individuals, a hypothesis that can be tested through the study of ancient DNA. This study analyzes autosomal and uniparental genetic markers in individuals from two archaeological sites in Quebrada de Humahuaca occupied during the Late Formative (1450–1050 BP) and Regional Developments I (1050–700 BP) periods. Mitochondrial and Y‐chromosome haplotypes were compared in order to establish possible maternal and paternal relatedness. Genotypes for 15 autosomal STRs were used to calculate pairwise relatedness coefficients and pedigree probabilities. High kinship levels among individuals buried in the same graves were found in both sites. Although only two particular cases were analyzed, these results represent an important contribution to the study of mortuary practices in the region by means of ancient DNA.
Cross‐reactivity to fish and chicken meat – a new clinical syndrome
Authors: Kuehn A. , Codreanu‐Morel F. , Lehners‐Weber C. , Doyen V. , Gomez‐André S.‐A. , Bienvenu F. , Fischer J. , Ballardini N. , van Hage M. , Perotin J.‐M. , Silcret‐Grieu S. , Chabane H. , Hentges F. , Ollert M. , Hilger C. , Morisset M.
Published: June 2016

Background

Fish is one of the most allergenic foods. While clinical cross‐reactivity among different fishes is a widely accepted feature of fish allergy, associations with other food allergies are not well understood. This study aims at analyzing the relevance of clinical cross‐reactivity between fish and chicken meat in patients with allergy to chicken meat without sensitization to hen's eggs.

Methods

Patients with food allergy to fish and chicken meat (n = 29) or chicken meat only (n = 7) were recruited. IgE‐reactive chicken proteins were identified (Edman, MS analysis) and quantified (ELISA). Allergens were used in IgE ELISA and skin testing.

Results

Chicken parvalbumin and two new allergens, aldolase and enolase, were identified at 12, 40, and 50 kDa, respectively. They were recognized by sIgE of 61%, 75%, and 83% of all patient sera which were in the majority of the cases positive for the fish homologues as well. Fish and chicken meat allergens were highly cross‐reactive while high inhibition rates with fish or chicken allergens correlated with the patients' primary sensitization to fish or chicken. In cooked or roasted foods, enolase and aldolase were detectable in chicken breast while parvalbumin was detectable in chicken legs and wings.

Conclusions

Fish and chicken meat are cross‐reactive foods; both fish‐allergic and chicken meat‐allergic patients might be at risk of developing a food allergy to chicken meat or to fish, respectively. This clinical phenomenon is proposed to be termed ‘fish–chicken syndrome’ with cross‐reactive allergens involved being parvalbumins, enolases, and aldolases.
Identification of the first in silico‐designed TREK1 antagonists that block channel currents dose dependently
Authors: Viswanath Ambily Nath Indu , Jung Seo Yun , Hwang Eun Mi , Park Ki Duk , Lim Sang Min , Min Sun‐Joon , Cho Yong Seo , Pae Ae Nim
Published: June 2016

TREK1 (Twik‐RElated Potassium (K+) channel 1), although a well‐characterized target for several neuropsychiatric disorders, underwent very few explorations for prototypic inhibitors. This study aimed to find diverse chemotypes by an in silico means. Homology‐built TREK1 on docking with high‐affinity quaternary ammonium compounds (QAs) corroborated the previous findings by recreating the binding mode with proximally positioned key residues: Thr157, Thr266, Ile182, Leu189, and Leu304. Physical interactions between TREK1 and known antagonists were modeled to compensate the lack of ligand‐bound protein crystal structures. A common feature hypothesis (Hypo1) was deduced from the chemical features of six active compounds. Validated Hypo1 and the most potent compound in the data set were employed as pharmacophore‐ and similarity‐based virtual screening queries, respectively. Thirty‐three hit compounds were tested for their ability to block TREK1 currents in HEK‐293‐transfected cells using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording. Eleven candidates displayed dose‐dependent inhibition of channel currents; among these, NC30 possessing a 4‐((1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐1‐yl)methyl)piperidin‐4‐ol heterocyclic core was the most potent one with an IC50 of 4.7 μm. These results form a rational basis to design future drugs, and this is the first report of novel TREK1 antagonists delineated by a synergistic application of structure‐ and ligand‐based approaches.
The Longitudinal Association Between Competitive Video Game Play and Aggression Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Adachi Paul J.C. , Willoughby Teena
Published: June 2016

The longitudinal association between competitive video game play and aggression among young adults and adolescents was examined. Young adults (N = 1,132; Mage = 19 years) were surveyed annually over 4 years about their video game play and aggression, and data from a 4‐year longitudinal study of adolescents (N = 1,492; Mage = 13 years) was reanalyzed. The results demonstrated a longitudinal association between competitive video game play and aggressive behavior among both age groups. In addition, competitive video game play predicted higher levels of aggressive affect over time, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of aggressive behavior over time, suggesting that aggressive affect was a mechanism of this link. These findings highlight the importance of investigating competitive elements of video game play that may predict aggression over time.
Assessment of the developmental needs of children in need: Estonian child protective workers' case reflections
Authors: Toros Karmen , LaSala Michael C. , Tiko Anne
Published: June 2016

Child protective workers must be able to evaluate children's developmental needs in order to assess problems and delays. Skilful and comprehensive assessment leads to outcomes for children that promote their well‐being and development. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study on a sample of Estonian child protective workers that investigated their assessments of the developmental needs of children in cases with child protection concerns. Only half of the child protective workers considered some dimension of the child's developmental needs in their assessment, suggesting a profound need to incorporate a developmental assessment framework and implement training of such in Estonia to increase child protective workers' competencies to conduct consistently comprehensive assessments.
Bank Ownership and Lending Behaviours: The Relevance of Community Links
Authors: Teckchandani Atul
Published: June 2016

Asset size does not seem to be a good predictor of bank lending behaviours. An overlooked determinant of lending may be the relationship a bank has with its local community. This article suggests that US banks owned and headquartered in a community are typically central actors in local business networks, and bank executives are intimately connected to their communities. As a result, lending decisions made by banks headquartered in the community often become influenced by the social relations and social networks of bank executives.
Why Development Programmes Fail: William Easterly and the Political Economy of Intervention
Authors: Hall‐Blanco Abigail R.
Published: June 2016

Throughout his considerable body of work, William Easterly has identified several critical problems with foreign aid and economic development programmes. In particular, he argues that many working in areas of development act as ‘planners’, who believe they can implement effective policies but who in fact lack the necessary knowledge. Moreover, Easterly claims that these agents face perverse incentives that lead to suboptimal development outcomes. This article explores the theoretical roots of Easterly's critiques and relates them to the work of two Nobel prize‐winning economists, F.A. Hayek and James M. Buchanan. It explores the broader applicability of Easterly's criticisms by applying a similar framework to military activity.
A Novel way to Compare Health Care Systems and to Assess their Potential Competitiveness
Authors: Zweifel Peter
Published: June 2016

Traditionally, health care systems have been compared mainly in terms of their finance, that is, Beveridge‐type vs Bismarck‐type arrangements. This article adopts a novel approach permitting not only comparisons of a broader range of systems but also assessments of their potential competitiveness. This will become an issue at the latest when citizens of the European Union obtain the right to choose their health insurance. Systems are characterised by their so‐called dominant complementary agents, who promise to correct an important failure in the physician–patient relationship but differ in their incentives and their capacity to deal with a number of emerging challenges.
Towards an Understanding of the Origins of the Favourite–Longshot Bias: Evidence from Online Poker Markets, a Real‐money Natural Laboratory
Authors: Vaughan Williams Leighton , Sung Ming‐Chien , Fraser‐Mackenzie Peter A. F. , Peirson John , Johnson Johnnie E. V.
Published: June 2016

Evidence of differential returns to bets placed with different probabilities of success has revealed a broadly systematic tendency for low/high‐probability events to be relatively overbet/underbet, a phenomenon known as the favourite–longshot bias. While most of the literature focuses on sports, especially horse racing, we report here the existence of the same phenomenon in online poker games. We find that misperception rather than risk‐love offers the best explanation for the behaviour that we identify. This paper contributes to the more general literature explaining betting behaviour as well as the prevalence of the favourite–longshot bias in betting markets.
Weighting and indirect effects identify keystone species in food webs
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Huayong , O'Gorman Eoin J. , Tian Wang , Ma Athen , Moore John C. , Borrett Stuart R. , Woodward Guy
Published: June 2016

Species extinctions are accelerating globally, yet the mechanisms that maintain local biodiversity remain poorly understood. The extinction of species that feed on or are fed on by many others (i.e. ‘hubs’) has traditionally been thought to cause the greatest threat of further biodiversity loss. Very little attention has been paid to the strength of those feeding links (i.e. link weight) and the prevalence of indirect interactions. Here, we used a dynamical model based on empirical energy budget data to assess changes in ecosystem stability after simulating the loss of species according to various extinction scenarios. Link weight and/or indirect effects had stronger effects on food‐web stability than the simple removal of ‘hubs’, demonstrating that both quantitative fluxes and species dissipating their effects across many links should be of great concern in biodiversity conservation, and the potential for ‘hubs’ to act as keystone species may have been exaggerated to date.
Plasma taurine levels are not affected by vigabatrin in pediatric patients
Authors: Spelbrink Emily M. , Mabud Tarub S. , Reimer Richard , Porter Brenda E.
Published: June 2016

Vigabatrin is a highly effective antiseizure medication, but its use is limited due to concerns about retinal toxicity. One proposed mechanism for this toxicity is vigabatrin‐mediated reduction of taurine. Herein we assess plasma taurine levels in a retrospective cohort of children with epilepsy, including a subset receiving vigabatrin. All children who underwent a plasma amino acid analysis as part of their clinical evaluation between 2006 and 2015 at Stanford Children's Health were included in the analysis. There were no significant differences in plasma taurine levels between children taking vigabatrin (n = 16), children taking other anti‐seizure medications, and children not taking any anti‐seizure medication (n = 556) (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.841). There were, however, age‐dependent decreases in plasma taurine levels. Multiple linear regression revealed no significant association between vigabatrin use and plasma taurine level (p = 0.87) when controlling for age. These results suggest that children taking vigabatrin maintain normal plasma taurine levels, although they leave unanswered whether taurine supplementation is necessary or sufficient to prevent vigabatrin‐associated visual field loss. They also indicate that age should be taken into consideration when evaluating taurine levels in young children.
What are the effects of climate on the offshore and onshore movements of adult grooved tiger prawns Penaeus semisulcatus in tropical northern Australia?
Authors: Bishop Janet , Ye Yimin , Milton David A.
Published: June 2016

Historical catch per unit effort (CPUE) from the period in the development of commercial fisheries prior to the implementation of any temporal or spatial closures can provide insight into how environmental factors affect life history events. These insights can then inform contemporary fishery management practices to improve sustainability. We examined the timing of the offshore dispersal and onshore movement to aggregate on the spawning grounds of the grooved tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus in the north‐west Gulf of Carpentaria using all available historical CPUE data between 1970 and 1987. The impact of climate conditions on the timing of the winter minimum CPUE (dispersal) was quantified by fitting univariate relationships with non‐parametric weighted local regression (Loess). The timing of the winter minimum CPUE was delayed by 5 weeks in years with at least 1 week of rainfall > 250 mm, and was delayed by 5 weeks in years when the wet season continued through April, rather than ending in March. Under current climate predictions, rainfall is projected to increase in variability in this region. Our results indicate that the sustainability of the prawn trawl fishery may be enhanced if seasonal fishing effort restrictions and closure dates are not fixed, but are managed to reflect variation in the timing of the end of the previous wet season.
Plankton indices explain interannual variability in Prince William Sound herring first year growth
Authors: Batten S. D. , Moffitt S. , Pegau W. S. , Campbell R.
Published: June 2016

This study examines the relationships between first year growth of juvenile Prince William Sound herring, temperature and their food. We present time series of herring first year growth, determined from scale measurements as a proxy for herring length, water temperature and indices of multiple trophic levels of plankton obtained from Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) sampling on the adjacent Gulf of Alaska shelf. We show that there was a significant correlation between herring growth and water temperature, when the three warmest years were excluded (the mean July and August temperatures were greater than 12.5°C in 1989, 2004 and 2005). There were also strong, significant relationships between the abundance of appropriately sized (for first‐feeding herring) planktonic prey groups and herring growth. First year herring growth was greater in years with higher abundances of diatoms, microzooplankton and small mesozooplankton but not related to variability in abundance of larger mesozooplankton (such as euphausiids and large copepods). Furthermore, the strong interannual relationship between diatoms and herring growth held true even in the warmest years where the relationship between temperature and growth broke down. We also found seasonal timing and abundance changes in the plankton in warm years that would make the prey more abundant during the summer months immediately after metamorphosis of the herring larvae. We thus conclude that young‐of‐the‐year herring may grow better in warm years because the timing of key prey is a better match for their first feeding.
Reducing the scale? From global images to border crossings in medical tourism
Authors: CONNELL JOHN
Published: June 2016

International medical travel has increased in the last 20 years, becoming more diverse and complex, although definitions and data on its growth and structure are inadequate. Many countries, especially in the Global South, have sought to develop medical tourism for both strategic and defensive reasons. Few have been successful. Standard descriptions and images of medical tourism suggest global markets, elite patient travellers and the dominance of cosmetic surgery, alongside the privatization and corporatization of hospital chains. Most international medical travel is, however, short‐distance, diasporic, across adjacent and nearby borders, and of relatively poor patients seeking cheaper, more effective or available care in appropriate cultural contexts, for straightforward procedures. Social networks, rather than the internet, shape choices and decisions on destinations. Porous international borders are crucial to medical travel and have resulted in the emergence of formal trans‐border health regions in the North and spontaneous informal regions in the South, alongside some regional hubs and hierarchies. Globalization is less significant than the grassroots transnationalism of borderland health care.
Women with congenital factor VII deficiency: clinical phenotype and treatment options from two international studies
Authors: Napolitano M. , Di Minno M. N. D. , Batorova A. , Dolce A. , Giansily‐Blaizot M. , Ingerslev J. , Schved J.‐F. , Auerswald G. , Kenet G. , Karimi M. , Shamsi T. , Ruiz de Sáez A. , Dolatkhah R. , Chuansumrit A. , Bertrand M. A. , Mariani G.
Published: June 2016

Introduction

A paucity of data exists on the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of bleeding in women with inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency.

Aim

Here we report results of a comprehensive analysis from two international registries of patients with inherited FVII deficiency, depicting the clinical picture of this disorder in women and describing any gender‐related differences.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis of two fully compatible, international registries of patients with inherited FVII deficiency (International Registry of Factor VII deficiency, IRF7; Seven Treatment Evaluation Registry, STER) was performed.

Results

In our cohort (N = 449; 215 male, 234 female), the higher prevalence of mucocutaneous bleeds in females strongly predicted ensuing gynaecological bleeding (hazard ratio = 12.8, 95% CI 1.68–97.6, P = 0.014). Menorrhagia was the most prevalent type of bleeding (46.4% of patients), and was the presentation symptom in 12% of cases. Replacement therapies administered were also analysed. For surgical procedures (n = 50), a receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the minimal first dose of rFVIIa to avoid postsurgical bleeding during the first 24 hours was 22 μg kg−1, and no less than two administrations. Prophylaxis was reported in 25 women with excellent or effective outcomes when performed with a total weekly rFVIIa dose of 90 μg kg−1 (divided as three doses).

Conclusion

Women with FVII deficiency have a bleeding disorder mainly characterized by mucocutaneous bleeds, which predicts an increased risk of ensuing gynaecological bleeding. Systematic replacement therapy or long‐term prophylaxis with rFVIIa may reduce the impact of menorrhagia on the reproductive system, iron loss and may avoid unnecessary hysterectomies.
Methodology for the development of the NHF‐McMaster Guideline on Care Models for Haemophilia Management
Authors: Pai M. , Santesso N. , Yeung C. H. T. , Lane S.J. , Schünemann H. J. , Iorio A.
Published: June 2016

Background

Rigorous and transparent methods are necessary to develop clinically relevant and evidence‐based practice guidelines. We describe the development of the National Hemophilia Foundation‐McMaster Guideline on Care Models for Haemophilia Management, which addresses best practices in haemophilia care delivery.

Methods

We assembled a Panel of persons with haemophilia (PWH), parents of PWH, clinical experts and guideline methodologists. Conflicts of interest were disclosed and managed throughout. Panel members and key stakeholders were surveyed to develop the guideline questions and identify patient‐important outcomes. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted for all factors important in decision‐making: benefits and harms; patient values and preferences; resource implications; acceptability; equity; and feasibility. We used the GRADE approach to create evidence profiles to evaluate the evidence and present key results. Evidence to Decision frameworks were created to guide the Panel in making evidence‐based recommendations. When evidence was very low quality or not available, evidence from other chronic disease populations was presented to the Panel to inform the recommendations. Additionally, we systematically pooled observations from experts, and conducted qualitative interviews exploring key stakeholder experiences and perspectives. The Panel made recommendations for each guideline question and elaborated on research priorities, implementation considerations, and monitoring. Final recommendations were circulated for public and peer review.

Conclusions

Despite the paucity of high‐quality evidence typical of a rare condition such as haemophilia, we successfully applied a rigorous and transparent methodology based on GRADE to develop an evidence‐based clinical practice guideline.
NHF‐McMaster Guideline on Care Models for Haemophilia Management
Authors: Pai M. , Key N. S. , Skinner M. , Curtis R. , Feinstein M. , Kessler C. , Lane S. J. , Makris M. , Riker E. , Santesso N. , Soucie J. M. , Yeung C. H. T. , Iorio A. , Schünemann H. J.
Published: June 2016

This guideline was developed to identify evidence‐based best practices in haemophilia care delivery, and discuss the range of care providers and services that are most important to optimize outcomes for persons with haemophilia (PWH) across the United States. The guideline was developed following specific methods described in detail in this supplement and based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach). Direct evidence from published literature and the haemophilia community, as well as indirect evidence from other chronic diseases, were reviewed, synthesized and applied to create evidence‐based recommendations. The Guideline panel suggests that the integrated care model be used over non‐integrated care models for PWH (conditional recommendation, moderate certainty in the evidence). For PWH with inhibitors and those at high risk for inhibitor development, the same recommendation was graded as strong, with moderate certainty in the evidence. The panel suggests that a haematologist, a specialized haemophilia nurse, a physical therapist, a social worker and round‐the‐clock access to a specialized coagulation laboratory be part of the integrated care team, over an integrated care team that does not include all of these components (conditional recommendation, very low certainty in the evidence). Based on available evidence, the integrated model of care in its current structure, is suggested for optimal care of PWH. There is a need for further appropriately designed studies that address unanswered questions about specific outcomes and the optimal structure of the integrated care delivery model in haemophilia.
Collaboration in crisis: Carer perspectives on police and mental health professional's responses to mental health crises
Authors: Brennan Alice , Warren Narelle , Peterson Violeta , Hollander Yitzchak , Boscarato Kara , Lee Stuart
Published: June 2016

For many situations involving a mental health crisis, carers (e.g. family or friends) are present and either attempt to help the person overcome the crisis or request assistance from professional services (e.g. mental health or police). Comparatively, little research has explored how carers experience the crisis, the professional response and how the nature of the response, in turn, impacts carers. The current study was conducted to explore these issues during individual interviews with nine carers who had previous contact with police and mental health services during a crisis response. Collected data described the definition and perceived impact of a mental health crisis for carers, how carers had experienced a crisis response from police and mental health services, and how the professional response had impacted on carers. Of importance was the finding that carers were often themselves traumatized by witnessing or being involved in the crisis, however, were rarely offered direct education or support to help them cope or prevent future crises. A number of carers described a reluctance to request assistance from professional services due to previous poor experiences. This highlighted the importance of implementing strategies to deliver more timely, respectful, specialist and collaborative crisis responses to improve carer and consumer outcomes.
Effect of different fluoride varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel carious lesions
Authors: Mohd Said Siti N. B. , Ekambaram Manikandan , Yiu Cynthia K. Y.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

To compare remineralization potential of topical fluoride varnishes with added calcium phosphate‐based delivery systems on artificial enamel caries.

Methods

Human enamel specimens (n = 60) were randomly divided into six groups: Group 0: Control (no varnish), Group 1: Duraphat®, Group 2: MI Varnish™, Group 3: Embrace™ Varnish, Group 4: Enamel Pro® Varnish, and Group 5: Clinpro™ White Varnish. Specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 h to create artificial caries lesion. Each specimen was then immersed in artificial saliva for 6 h after fluoride varnish application and pH cycling was performed for 8 days. Specimens were evaluated using Knoop surface microhardness (KHN) and transverse microradiography (TMR). One‐way anova test was performed to examine the effect of fluoride varnishes on change in percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), change in lesion depth (ΔLD), and change in mineral loss (ΔΔZ) with the significance limit set at 5%.

Results

%SHR of enamel following treatment with Group 1 was significantly higher than Group 3 and Group 4. Conversely, ΔLD and ΔΔZ of Group 1 were significantly higher than Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4. No significant differences in %SHR, ΔLD, and ΔΔZ were found between Group 1 and Group 5.

Conclusions

Duraphat® alone achieves significant remineralization of enamel carious lesions. Clinpro™ White Varnish had similar enamel remineralization effect as Duraphat®.
Investigation of Multiply Twins in Mn2.02Co0.98O4 Ceramic by Means of Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ma Chengjian , Liu Yunfei , Lyu Yinong
Published: June 2016

Mn2.02Co0.98O4 ceramic with tetragonal spinel structure was prepared by solid‐state coordination reaction method. The phase and microstructure were studied using X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The results show that the Mn2.02Co0.98O4 ceramic exhibits tetragonal spinel structure owing to imperfect quenching. Several kinds of defects were formed in the sample due to the phase transition from cubic spinel at high temperature to tetragonal spinel at room temperature. Two types of {112} twin wall were found in the quenched Mn2.02Co0.98O4 ceramic. The presence and the characteristics of twins were investigated. The twins arranged in a cyclic triangle form and the twin boundaries were parallel to (112) plane or plane. The possible mechanism for twinning arrangement in the triangle form was proposed according to some crystal geometry model analysis.
Knowledge expectations of recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Pellinen Tiina , Villberg Jari , Raappana Maarit , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Kettunen Tarja
Published: June 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the socio‐demographic and disease‐related symptoms and emotions and knowledge expectations of patients recently diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. A further aim was to determine associations between selected demographic variables and patients' expected knowledge.

Background

Patient counselling and information provision are recommended for all patients with knee osteoarthritis. In healthcare centres, there is a good possibility to establish the knowledge expectations of patients with knee osteoarthritis during counselling. Recent empirical evidence indicates a lack of research on knowledge expectations among recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Design

A quantitative, descriptive inquiry design was adopted.

Methods

The data were collected from 252 recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis by a postal survey in 2013, using the Hospital Patient's Knowledge Expectations Scale as well as additional questions and statements. The data were analysed using multivariate linear regression.

Results

Most of the respondents were female pensioners who also had other chronic diseases. Approximately half of the participants had had counselling on osteoarthritis. Knowledge expectations concerning pain management were emphasized. From the empowering knowledge perspective, the highest knowledge expectations concerned bio‐physiological dimensions of knowledge, followed by ethical and financial dimensions. Age, employment status, pain and emotions of concern and hope among women and tiredness or fatigue and vocational/higher education among men were associated with knowledge expectations.

Conclusion

Patients with knee osteoarthritis have high knowledge expectations and there is a need to improve the counselling and care of pain and tiredness or fatigue symptoms. The development of the counselling of recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis also needs further research.
Health‐related quality of life at healing in individuals with chronic venous or mixed‐venous leg ulceration: a longitudinal assessment
Authors: Hopman Wilma M. , Vandenkerkhof Elizabeth G. , Carley Meg E. , Harrison Margaret B.
Published: June 2016

Aims

To identify factors associated with longitudinal changes in health‐related quality of life in community‐dwelling individuals with venous or mixed‐venous leg ulcers.

Background

Most care focuses primarily on healing; this research may additionally lead to strategies to improve quality of life.

Design

Data from four studies (2000–2009) were combined (2012) to examine quality of life in community‐dwelling individuals referred for care of chronic leg wounds.

Methods

Data collection occurred at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months or at healing and included a comprehensive clinical assessment and measures of pain (McGill), functional autonomy (EQ‐5D™) and quality of life (SF‐12TM). Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores (SF‐12TM) were categorized by whether or not there was an improvement (≥3 points) over time. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with improvement.

Results/findings

Mean age of this sample (n = 519) was 67·5 years, 55·9% were women. Median time to healing was 70 days. Mean Physical Component Summary score increased from 37·0‐41·5; factors associated with improvement included independent mobility, family history, problems with usual activities, fewer comorbidities and higher baseline pain. Mean Mental Component Summary score improved from 50·5‐53·7; factors associated with improvement included anxiety or depression at baseline and living with others.

Conclusion

Chronic leg ulceration has a substantial, negative impact on health‐related quality of life. Ascertaining characteristics associated with changes in quality of life will contribute to the development of comprehensive strategies for prevention, care and improved quality of life.
The first year: the support needs of parents caring for a child with an intellectual disability
Authors: Douglas Tracy , Redley Bernice , Ottmann Goetz
Published: June 2016

Aim

To describe the support needs of parents caring for a child with an intellectual disability in the first year of life.

Background

Parents of children with intellectual disabilities face significant challenges during the first year of their child's life which is an important developmental period not previously addressed in the literature. The provision of support by health professionals, particularly nurses and midwives, during this crucial period can impact on parental well‐being and on the health and developmental outcomes of their children. However, parents often feel unsupported.

Design

The study used a qualitative descriptive methodology.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of eleven children with an intellectual disability in Victoria, Australia, during 2014. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic data analysis.

Findings

Three key areas of support need were identified to assist parents to provide effective care for their child with an intellectual disability in the first year of life: (1) emotional support as parents adjusted to their role of caring for a child with an intellectual disability; (2) information support as they embarked on a quest for knowledge; and (3) support to facilitate their connection to peer networks. The findings highlighted inconsistent provision of support for parents.

Conclusion

This study informs health professionals about how to provide holistic, timely support to parents of children with intellectual disabilities in the first year of life. There is an urgent need to review how nurses and midwives can provide relevant support that is responsive to parents' needs.
Is assessment of oviposition sites using conspecific larval cues a general mechanism in aphidophagous ladybirds (Coccinellidae)?
Authors: Magro A. , Hill M. C. , Gomez M.‐C. , Hemptinne J.‐L.
Published: June 2016

Aphidophagous ladybirds of the Coccinellinae subfamily are deterred from oviposition in the presence of chemical cues deposited by conspecific larvae, therefore avoiding the detrimental effects of competition and cannibalism to their offspring. However, it is still unknown whether aphidophagous species from other Coccinellidae subfamilies similarly behave. Here, we investigate this question for species of the Scymninae subfamily. A GC‐MS analysis of Scymnus interruptus (Goeze) larval tracks shows that larvae deposit a cocktail of hydrocarbons containing at least five branched‐chain alkanes. Furthermore, our experiments on the oviposition behaviour of S. interruptus and S. nubilus (Mulsant) in the presence of conspecific larval tracks and of conspecific larval wax covering Scymninae larvae show that females do not refrain from ovipositing in the presence of these larval cues. We recommend that more attention is paid to the role of Scymnus spp. in the regulation of aphids because their oviposition strategy might strengthen aphid suppression in agrosystems.
Reproductive life history of the introduced peacock grouper Cephalopholis argus in Hawaii
Authors: Schemmel E. M. , Donovan M. K. , Wiggins C. , Anzivino M. , Friedlander A. M.
Published: June 2016

This research investigated the reproductive biology (sex ratio, hermaphroditic pattern, size and age at maturity) of Cephalopholis argus, known locally in Hawaii by its Tahitian name roi. The results suggest that C. argus exhibits monandric protogyny (female gonad differentiation with female to male sex change) with females reaching sexual maturity at 1.2 years (95% c.i.: 0.6, 1.6) and 20.0 cm total length (LT; 95% c.i.: 19.6, 21.2). The female to male sex ratio was 3.9:1. The average age and LT at sex change was 11.5 years (95% c.i.: 11.1, 12.9) and 39.9 cm (95% c.i.: 39.5, 41.2), respectively. Current information on spawning seasonality of this species is incomplete, but based on the occurrence of spawning capable and actively spawning females, spawning probably takes place from May to October. Evidence of lunar spawning periodicity was found, with an increased proportion of spawning capable and actively spawning females, and an increased female gonado‐somatic index during first quarter and full‐moon phases. This information fills a valuable information gap in Hawaii and across the species' native range.
Comparison between self‐formulation and compounded‐formulation dexamethasone mouth rinse for oral lichen planus: a pilot, randomized, cross‐over trial
Authors: Hambly Jessica L. , Haywood Alison , Hattingh Laetitia , Nair Raj G.
Published: June 2016

Aim

There is a lack of appropriate, commercially‐available topical corticosteroid formulations for use in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reaction. Current therapy includes crushing a dexamethasone tablet and mixing it with water for use as a mouth rinse. This formulation is unpleasant esthetically and to use in the mouth, as it is a bitter and gritty suspension, resulting in poor compliance. Thus, the present study was designed to formulate and pilot an effective, esthetically‐pleasing formulation.

Methods

A single‐blinded, cross‐over trial was designed with two treatment arms. Patients were monitored for 7 weeks. Quantitative and qualitative data was assessed using VAS, numeric pain scales, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication‐9, and thematic analysis to determine primary patient‐reported outcomes, including satisfaction, compliance, quality of life, and symptom relief.

Results

Nine patients completed the pilot trial. Data analysis revealed the new compounded formulation to be superior to existing therapy due to its convenience, positive contribution to compliance, patient‐perceived faster onset of action, and improved symptom relief.

Conclusion

Topical dexamethasone is useful in the treatment of OLP. When carefully formulated into a compounded mouth rinse, it improves patient outcomes.