bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leishmaniasis and Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Eroglu Fadime
Published: October 2024

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with three main clinical forms: visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous. There are more than 20 species of Leishmania that cause the disease, and these species are transmitted to humans by more than 90 species of sandflies. Low socio-economic status, poor housing and poor sanitation conditions increase the risk of spreading the disease. According to many health institutions, leishmaniasis is one of the most forgotten diseases and is difficult to diagnose clinically. Leishmaniasis is diagnosed by combining clinical symptoms with parasitological, serological or molecular tests. Treatment of leishmaniasis depends on the type of disease, associated pathologies, causative parasite species and geographical location. In order to control leishmaniasis worldwide, Leishmaniasis patients with leishmaniasis must be diagnosed and treated promptly. Molecular diagnostics is a system based on isolating DNA or RNA from patient samples such as blood, urine or tissue, and then amplifying it using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing. In recent years, molecular diagnostics have been used in the medicine to diagnose and treat disease. In addition, these methods offer personalised medicine by analysing the characteristics of the patient and the disease. With the increase of molecular studies, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major have been found to cause visceral leishmaniasis, while Leishmania infantum causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, as the causative agents of leishmaniasis are different from the known ones, the identification of the causative species has become important for the diagnosis of the disease. Molecular methods also enable personalised medicine by allowing the identification of specific genetic mutations or biomarkers that can guide disease treatment decisions. This section provides information on the molecular techniques that can be used to diagnose of leishmaniasis and the gene regions targeted and the methods used.
Intestinal Protozoan and Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Isik Seyma
Published: October 2024

Intestinal protozoan are single-celled organisms that live as parasites in the human gastrointestinal system and can cause various infections. These protozoa are especially prevalent in developing countries and can lead to serious health issues in regions with inadequate hygiene conditions. Giardia lamblia is a protozoan transmitted through the consumption of contaminated water and food. Giardia infection presents with symptoms such as watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, gas, and bloating, and is treated with metronidazole. Entamoeba histolytica is common in tropical and subtropical regions, transmitted through contaminated water and food, and causes bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. In severe cases, it can lead to liver abscesses and is treated with metronidazole. Blastocystis sp. is widespread globally and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and gas, and it is treated with metronidazole. Cryptosporidium spp. is more common in immunocompromised individuals and children. It is transmitted through contaminated water and food and causes severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and dehydration; it is treated with nitazoxanide. Cyclospora cayetanensis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and is transmitted through contaminated water or food. It causes watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and weight loss; it is treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These protozoa are diagnosed through microscopic examination of stool samples, antigen tests, and serological tests. However, molecular detection methods have made significant advancements in the diagnosis of protozoa. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Real-Time PCR are molecular techniques that detect the DNA or RNA of protozoa with high sensitivity and specificity. These methods play a critical role in the early diagnosis of infections and the determination of appropriate treatment methods. PCR confirms the presence of protozoa by amplifying specific DNA regions, thereby accurately identifying the type of infection. Real-Time PCR, on the other hand, quantifies the infection, providing information about the severity of the infection. To prevent protozoan infections, it is important to adhere to hygiene rules, use clean drinking water, and prepare food properly. Disinfecting and ensuring the safety of water sources should be widespread, especially in rural and developing areas. Additionally, public health education to increase awareness of personal hygiene and sanitation is crucial in preventing protozoan infections. These preventive measures and protection methods play a significant role in safeguarding public health and preventing the spread of protozoan infections.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Alavanda Ceren
Published: October 2024

The dystrophinopathies encompass a range of X-linked muscle disorders varying from mild to severe, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DMD typically manifests in early childhood and progresses rapidly, with affected children becoming wheelchair-dependent by the age of 12. Increased serum CK levels are detected in almost all DMD patients. Pathogenic variants in the DMD gene affect dystrophin expression, leading to DMD. More than four thousand pathogenic variants have been identified in the DMD gene. deletions of one or more exons are the most common variants in the DMD gene and are found in 60%-70% of patients. With current genetic methods, it is possible to elucidate the molecular etiology in approximately 95% of patients. Penetrance of DMD is complete in males. The penetrance varies in heterozygous carrier females and may depend, partly, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns. Since DMD has X-linked inheritance pattern, carrier screening should always be considered for mothers of boys with DMD. There are two important points to remember in genetic counseling for DMD. One is that 33% of DMD cases are sporadic (de novo), and the other is that the probability of germline mosaicism for DMD is 15%-20%. Sarcoglycanopathies, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, and Barth syndrome are diseases that are included in the differential diagnosis of DMD. Since multiple systems can be affected in DMD patients, management ideally should be provided within a multidisciplinary care setting. Although corticosteroids have been shown to increase muscle strength in DMD patients and are frequently used, they are not a curative treatment. In recent years, antisense oligonucleotides and nonsense suppression therapies have emerged as variant-specific treatments. Also, several new and promising therapies have entered clinical trials or are on the horizon. In this chapter, in addition to this summary about DMD, more comprehensive information is provided.
Analisis Beban Kerja Fisik dan Stres Kerja pada Supir Bus Akap (Antar Kota Antar Provinsi) Jurusan Yogyakarta-Surabaya di Terminal Giwangan Yogyakarta
Authors: Rohmah Nindia Nur , Zulhadi Zulhadi
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Perkembangan moda transportasi dewasa ini semakin pesat. Semakin berkembangnya transportasi diikuti dengan pertumbuhan penduduk. Salah satu transportasi yang berkembang adalah bus AKAP (antar kota antar provinsi). Bus AKAP beroprasi selama 24 jam tanpa henti untuk membantu masyarakat dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya. Namun, hal ini dapat berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya permasalahan seperti beban kerja fisik dan stres kerja pada supir bus. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis beban kerja fisik dan stres kerja pada supir bus AKAP (antar kota antar provinsi) jurusan Yogyakarta-Surabaya di Terminal Giwangan Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara, observasi langsung, dan pengukuran denyut nadi. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dengan wawancara, observasi dan pengukuran denyut nadi. Hasil: Supir bus AKAP (antar kota antar provinsi) jurusan Yogyakarta-Surabaya dalam hal ini bus Selamat Sugeng Rahayu, diperoleh hasil beban kerja fisik dengan pengukuran denyut nadi supir bus memerlukan perbaikan. Perbaikan yang harus dilakukan dengan pengaturan shift kerja. Sedangkan stres kerja pada supir bus, supir bus ada yang mengalami stres kerja disebabkan oleh kemacetan yang terjadi di jalan raya, tidak adanya pengaturan shift kerja dan lamanya mengemudi. Di terminal Giwangan oleh pihak pengelola telah disediakan pos kesehatan yang berguna untuk membantu supir bus saat mengalami stres kerja dan kelelahan kerja setelah mengemudi. Kesimpulan: Supir bus AKAP (antar kota antar provinsi) jurusan Yogyakarta-Surabaya di terminal Giwangan Yogyakarta dalam hal ini supir bus Selamat Sugeng Rahayu mengalami beban kerja fisik dan memerlukan perbaikan. Supir bus Selamat Sugeng Rahayu juga mengalami stres kerja yang disebabkan oleh lamanya mengemudi, kemacetan, tidak adanya shift kerja dan kurangnya waktu istirahat.
Analisis Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di Rumah Sakit Grhasia Yogyakarta
Authors: Laila Novia Fitri , Nurmaningsih Nurmaningsih
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Setiap komponen kerja dapat menjadi sumber atau situasi yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian bagi kesehatan pekerja. Kerugian kesehatan dapat berupa cedera atau gangguan kesehatan baik fisik maupun mental. Sumber atau situasi yang potensial tersebut dikenal sebagai bahaya atau faktor risiko kesehatan. Rumah Sakit mempunyai risiko penularan penyakit infeksi dan juga terdapat risiko berbahaya di setiap instalasi dan lingkungan Rumah Sakit, maka di perlukan upaya pengelolahan K3 melalui dengan SMK3RS. Dengan terciptanya tempat kerja yang kerja aman dan sehat, diharapkan terjadinya penyakit akibat kerja di seluruh instalasi dihindari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah analisis penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja Rumah Sakit Grhasia Yogyakarta. Metode: Proses jenis Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian studi kasus (case study), pendekatan studi studi kasus dan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara langsung dengan informan, dalam penelitian ini berjumlah empat orang yang terdiri dari tiga karyawan Instalasi Laundry dan satu Kepala K3RS Grhasia Yogyakarta. Hasil: Proses Penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di Rumah Sakit Grhasia Yogyakarta terkait pelaksanaan analisis penerapakan K3 memiliki ketercapaian cukup. Komitmen dan kebijakan dimulai dari pimpinan dalam hal ini direktur Rumah Sakit dan disosialisasikan dalam bentuk pengumuman tertulis tentang tujuan, visi dan misi penerapan K3 kepada seluruh elemen yang ada di Rumah Sakit Menetapkan personil-personil organisasi K3 yang sesuai dengan kriteria atau memenuhi syarat untuk menjalankan organisasi K3 yaitu tenaga ahli yang memiliki spesifikasi pendidikan di bidang K3. Kesimpulan: Proses Penerapan Keselamatan dan Keamanan di Rumah Sakit sudah baik karena Rumah Sakit sudah memiliki Tim K3RS, terdapat APD yang memadai dan lingkungan kerja yang sudah baik serta telah memiliki sarana proteksi kebakaran serta perawat Rumah Sakit yang sudah diberikan pelatihan untuk mengoperasikan. Namun masih terdapat kekurangan pada SDM pada Tim K3RS dimana anggota tim K3RS hanya satu orang yang berkopetensi dalam  Pencegahan dan Pengendalian. Sedangkan anggota K3 lainnya hanya membanatu atau sebagai part time karena memiliki tugas pokok di bidang lain (double job).
Analisis Postur Kerja dan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (Msds) pada Pekerja di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Jiwa GRHASIA
Authors: Salsabila Ade Yustika
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Kasus Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) di tahun 2011 sebanyak 322.840 kasus dan terjadi peningkatan di tahun 2018 sebanyak 900.380 kasus Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Pekerja ritel, manufaktur, perawatan kesehatan serta pekerja sosial menyumbang 50% dari semua kasus Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) di sektor swasta. pekerja mengeluhkan nyeri pada bahu bagian kiri dan bahu bagian kanan serta nyeri pada punggung, hal ini disebabkan karena alat bantu kerja seperti troli digunakan secara bergantian sehingga pekerja ada yang mengangkat secara manual handling dalam proses produksi makanan pekerja di instalasi gizi harus berdiri dan jongkok saat memilih dan memilah bahan makanan, melakukan bergerakan tangan yang berulang-ulang saat memotong bahan makanan, serta mendorong troli untuk membawa makanan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis postur kerja dengan keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada pekerja di instalasi gizi Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grhasia. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik total sampling untuk pengambilan sampel. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 23 orang, untuk metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan lembar ceklis Nordic Body Map untuk melihat keluhan nyeri dibagian tubuh. Hasil: Analisis postur kerja pada pekerja di instalasi gizi telah dilakukan dengan metode REBA. Tingkat risiko pekerja di instalasi gizi secara keseluruhan mendapatkan tingkat risiko sangat tinggi sebanyak 4 (17,4%), tingkat risiko tinggi sebanyak 13 (56,5%), dan tingkat risiko sedang sebanyak 6 (26,1%). Kesimpulan: Tingkat risiko postur kerja pada tahapan kerja produksi, tahap peramu masak, dan tahap peramu saji di instalasi gizi Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grhasia mendapatkan tingkat risiko tinggi yang berisiko mengalami keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs).
Increased Expression of BCL6 in Women with Implantation Failure
Authors: Mendeluk Gabriela R
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Progesterone (P4) expression failure and increased B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) levels have been demonstrated in the endometrium of women withendometriosis and unexplained infertility. In the present work, we studied BCL6 (P4 inhibitor) expression in relation to different hormonal exposures of the endometrium during the implantation window, as a predictor of poor reproductive results in “in vitro fertilization” procedures. Materials and Methods: BCL6 was investigated in endometrial biopsies from four infertile patients from the Reproductive Medicine Unit, Clinicas University Hospital “José de San Martín”, Buenos Aires, Argentina, using immunohistochemical techniques. Results: Four patients without suspicion of endometriosis but recurrent implantation failure were included in the analysis. They were all evaluated during the window of implantation. Two of them were under an artificial supplemented cycle with estradiol and progesterone for a frozen thawed embryo transfer, one was under high concentrations of endogenous oestrogen and progesterone due to a controlled ovarian stimulation regimen for an assisted reproductive technique, and one had a natural menstrual cycle. All patients exceeded the threshold level of the HSCORE for BCL6 (1. 4). Conclusions: Abnormal endometrial expression of BCL6 participates in the development of P4 resistance in the endometrium. The BCL6 assay, performed prior to embryo transfer, could benefit women with suspected endometrial receptivity defects.
Efficiency of hyaluronic acid versus red injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) in treatment of stage III periodontitis: Randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: MAZLOUM Toleen , AMHAZ Ghassan S. , ABDULLAH Ghanem H. , ABOELSAAD Nayer
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study aims to compare clinical efficacy of red injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as adjuncts to professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) in non-surgical management of stage III periodontitis.
Methods: 75 patients were split into groups: group one (G1) received HA, group two (G2) received red i-PRF, and group three (G3), received only PMPR. Periodontal evaluation was done at baseline, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks following treatment.
Results: The plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were significantly improved in all groups. Moreover, the probing depth in all three groups displayed lower levels over the three months, with G1 and G2 experiencing the greatest declines. Additionally, G1 and G2 showed a considerable increase in clinical attachment level, while G3 showed no improvement.
Conclusions: Thus, the application of HA and red i-PRF in conjunction with PMPR significantly improves all periodontal metrics, however, there is no statistically significant distinction between them.
Effect of supportive periodontal therapy on tooth loss in regular and irregular compliant smokers and non-smokers: A retrospective cohort Study with a follow-up up to 50 years
Authors: MEGARBANE Jean-Marie , KHAYAT Roudy , CHAKAR Carole , MOKBEL Nadim
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare retrospectively tooth loss (TL) rates in two cohorts, regular vs irregular compliant individuals, and smokers vs non-smokers, with a follow-up up to 50 years.
Methods: Chart data were collected from 192 patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) after non-surgical and/or surgical periodontal treatment for 10 - 50 (mean 24.89 ± 10.23) years. Patients were categorized as RC (attending regularly to their scheduled SPT with maximum delay of 6 months), and IC (patients missed at least one of the recall visits but continued to come on an irregular basis with a maximum delay of 18 months). Patients were then classified as smokers and non-smokers. Univariate comparisons between cohort groups were performed to assess significant differences at the level of baseline characteristics. Bivariate analyses were also performed between the main outcome variable (tooth loss) and baseline characteristics of the participants. Two negative binomial regression models were carried out in order to control confounding factors.
Results: A total of 4870 (25.36 ± 4.08) teeth were present at baseline. 423 (2.2 ± 3.44) teeth were lost during follow-up (SPT), corresponding to 0.07, 0.11, 0.08, and 0.09 TL annually among RC, IC, smokers, and non-smokers, respectively, with significant difference present only between RC and IC. Age > 40 years was found to increase TL rates.
Conclusions: Compliance with SPT affects TL rates after a mean of 24.89 years of follow-up. RC showed less TL than IC patients. Smoking did not reach statistical significance.
Translating HR Impact to Business Impact
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Translating HR Impact to Business Impact: A Practitioner's Guide focuses on providing human resources (HR) professionals with practical strategies and recommendations for demonstrating how HR activities and initiatives translate into meaningful business outcomes and value. Through drawing on years of consulting experience, academic literature, and real-world organizational examples, the article outlines a step-by-step framework for aligning HR priorities with strategic business goals, establishing causal links between people investments and performance through research, defining HR and business-level key performance indicators, partnering with finance on return-on-investment measurement, and effectively communicating impact through compelling case studies and storytelling. The goal is to help HR professionals earn a greater strategic role by rigorously measuring and clearly illustrating how people-focused strategies and interventions meaningfully contribute to organizational metrics valued by senior leaders.
Tropicalización de la medicina en clínica e investigación
Authors: Torres Rodrigo M.
Published: October 2024

TropicalizarEs un verbo que en teoría no existe, pero que en la práctica sí y expresa de forma general la adaptación o acostumbramiento a las condiciones tropicales...
Twin Pregnancy Coexisting with Partial Mole and Normal Fetus: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Obs/Gynae, HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Khan Shazia Ameer , Ejaz Shazma ,   Department of Obs/Gynae, Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Mahmood Menahyl ,   Students, MPH Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Asghar Sajida ,   Department of Obs/Gynae, HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Sattar Zainab ,   Department of Anatomy, Shifa Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad
Published: October 2024

This case report highlights the rare occurrence of a twin pregnancy coexisting with a partial mole, presenting a unique set of challenges in management and outcome. A 20-year-old woman with primary subfertility conceived twins following ovulation induction, experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum and subsequently developing severe preeclampsia. Despite efforts to control her condition, termination of the pregnancy was necessary due to maternal safety concerns. Both twins, without anomalies, succumbed to early neonatal death. Histopathological examination revealed a partial mole. The case emphasizes the importance of vigilant monitoring and individualized treatment in such complex pregnancies, with a focus on maternal well-being. Continued follow-up is crucial to detect and manage potential gestational trophoblastic disease. This report underscores the need for informed decision-making and patient-centered care in managing twin pregnancies coexisting with molar tissue.
Climate Change Effects on the Rivers of Afghanistan
Authors: Safi Abdul Ghias , Rasikh Khairuddin
Published: October 2024

This study examines the profound consequences of climate change in Afghanistan, notably the detrimental effects on water scarcity and river capacity. Urban areas, agriculture, livestock, health, industries, and the environment as a whole have been adversely impacted by these transformations. Climate-induced phenomena such as droughts, erratic rainfall patterns, floods, and other natural disasters have resulted in population migration and posed significant threats to human lives. The agricultural sector, in particular, has experienced substantial repercussions, leading to diminished productivity. The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of climate change on Afghanistan's rivers, which are witnessing a persistent decline in their capacity, while proposing effective mitigation strategies. Through the generation of valuable insights, and raise awareness and foster proactive measures among the scientific community and policymakers to safeguard water resources.
Climate Change Adaptation through Smart Cities in Developing Countries: A Review
Authors: Faizi Jamilurahman , Sharifi Ahmad Zia , Momand M.Yusuf , Habibi Zargay
Published: October 2024

Significant problems are presented by climate change for developing nations, especially in metropolitan areas where vulnerabilities are increased by population growth and scarce resources. By utilizing data-driven strategies and technology breakthroughs, smart cities present viable alternatives for adapting to climate change. This study explores the idea of smart city adaptation to climate change in poor nations. It examines the body of research on the effects of climate change in urban settings, considers how smart cities might help address these issues, and suggests successful adaptation tactics. The study also includes case studies from developing nations that have adopted smart city programs in an effort to adapt to climate change, including the precise actions done and their results. The study further outlines obstacles to implementing climate change adaptation in developing nation contexts, such as difficulties with governance and policy as well as technology constraints. Developing nations may increase their resilience, manage resources better, and lessen the effects of climate change on urban populations by utilizing the potential of smart cities.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Water Resource and Ground Water in Afghanistan
Authors: Baidar Karimullah , Ihsan Ihsanullah , Zahid Shamsurahman , Nabavi Salman Ali
Published: October 2024

Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Air Pollution, research is carried out to analysis Hydro-meteorological and groundwater data in Afghanistan. The negative impacts of climate change on water resources such as surface and ground water have become a severe social, economic and environmental problem worldwide, especially in the arid regions of the earth, including Afghanistan. Hence, this article studies the relationship between climate change and its’ impact on water resource in Afghanistan by reviewing related literature. The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of climate change effects on surface and groundwater resources. The findings of this study show that although there is a strong relationship between climate change and water crises, it can be a secondary factor in the case of Afghanistan. This is because the available water resources in Afghanistan are more than 50 percent higher than the country's water need. In addition, the main factors involved in Afghanistan’s water crisis are explained in this study; factors that have not only caused the flow of about 67 percent of Afghanistan's surface waters to neighboring countries, but also the wastage of about 40 percent of the country's water during irrigation. Finally, limitations and recommendations for further studies also presented.
Impact of Climate Mitigation Technology and Natural Resource Management on Climate Change in Afghanistan
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Hayat Maqsood
Published: October 2024

‌Even though Climate change is a global issue, its impacts and consequences are felt locally. Afghanistan, marked by unique geographical and socio-economic conditions, faces severe consequences from climate change. This study investigates the effectiveness of climate mitigation technology and natural resource management in mitigating climate change in Afghanistan. The research explores current climate challenges, evaluates relevant technologies and management strategies, and proposes policy recommendations for a sustainable future. Employing a comprehensive methodology, this study contributes to the understanding of Afghanistan's climate resilience. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the impact of climate mitigation technology and natural resource management on addressing climate change in Afghanistan, with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing climate resilience.
Public Awareness, and its Impacts on Climate Change
Authors: Hakimi Habibrahman , Safi M. Ajmal Habib , Momand Ibad Ur Rahman
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores public awareness's important role in shaping effective responses to climate change. Focusing on the relationship between informed communities and environmental action, the paper investigates how heightened awareness directly influences climate change by inspiring sustainable practices and driving demand for shared work. Also, the research underscores the transformative power of public awareness, emphasizing its capacity to empower individuals as active participants in the collective endeavor toward a resilient and sustainable future. In essence, the research aims to highlight how public awareness contributes to climate action in Afghanistan, celebrating the local initiatives that contribute to a more sustainable future while recognizing the broader implications for the global environmental movement. The methodology extends to incorporating real-life narratives and experiences in Afghanistan and southeast countries, offering a rich tapestry of insights into how awareness manifests in everyday decisions amid unique climate challenges. Also, this research not only contributes to the localized understanding of climate action in Afghanistan but provides a broader perspective on the global implications of informed choices. To ensure the research's success, various sources were used. These included books, journals, and special reports (UNFCCC, UNESCO, COP27, COP28, IPCC, and Land Portal special reports on public awareness and education). Therefore, by utilizing surveys, interviews, and case studies, the research aims to provide a clear understanding of how public awareness translates into actions in the face of climate change.
The Responsibility of Human Societies Regarding Climate change and Natural disasters in the Light of Islamic Texts
Authors: Waqar Dil Aqa , Hashemi Sayed Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Climate change inevitably exerts comprehensive impacts on human societies, exposing them to new challenges. Recognizing these negative consequences and challenges, human societies bear a responsibility to address climate change and its associated natural disasters. This research study seeks to illuminate the ethical and social responsibilities, both individual and collective, in this regard. It employs a descriptive library-based qualitative research approach to analyze the pertinent issues. The findings reveal two distinct categories of climate change: those within human control and those beyond it. For the former, everyone in society should strive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, use water efficiently, and practice reuse whenever possible. Furthermore, individuals should opt for environmentally friendly products, promote public awareness, employ efficient transportation methods, and prioritize the use of renewable energy sources to mitigate pollution. For the latter, a sense of resignation and trust in a higher power may be required.
The Holy Quran's Perspective on Environmental Protection and Climate Change
Authors: Jamal Wahidullah
Published: October 2024

Climate change and environmental pollution are among the most significant challenges that contemporary humanity faces. Without a secure and healthy environment, humans cannot lead an ideal life. Therefore, supporting the environment has become one of the most crucial needs for the continuation of life, receiving considerable attention from many writers and researchers. Numerous research studies have been conducted regarding environmental conservation from the perspective of the Quran. However, what distinguishes this research from others is that the author, while examining the reasons for environmental pollution and climate change, also analyzes the role of belief in God and theology as restraining factors in environmental degradation and its impact on human life. The results of this research show that there are multiple pieces of evidence and reasons within the Quran regarding environmental conservation, water, weather, and climate change that align with solid scientific facts. The research methodology is descriptive and analytical, with data collection being library-based.
The Climate Change in the Perspective of Islam and Preventive Measures
Authors: Samadi Fareed Ahmad
Published: October 2024

‌The individual has their perspective on any problem that occurs in the world. Each person explains it based on their opinion, identifies the causes, and suggests preventive measures. The significant issue currently is the drastic climate change experienced by certain countries, leading to severe drought conditions. Considering that Islam is a comprehensive and blessed religion, encompassing guidance for humanity in all aspects of life, Islamic scholars have also explored this problem from an Islamic perspective. They have described preventive measures to ensure all living beings thrive and flourish, living in a peaceful and vibrant environment.
Language, Dialects and Climate Change
Authors: Jabarkhil Azizullah , Rahimi Fahim
Published: October 2024

Human beings live in a relationship with each other in human society and solve their problems through interaction. After years and centuries, due to climate change, their language and dialect change and words are added according to their new surroundings. Today, due to the advent of the scientific and technical revolution, climatic conditions will continuously increase and change. Climate change makes it evident that dialects have not persisted and that they alter when agricultural conditions in rural areas change, resulting in the usage of various words there. What was not used before, for the peviously Qalba in field the terms Qalba, Sarbani, Motani, and Ghazj were used but now the tractor is used instead. If a new technique is used in the field instead of the old manual tools, the economic structure will also change, and the relations among the residents will change until a new color and a new type appear in the construction and other parts of the environment, houses, and new sides as well. With it in a new way and a new color in a new language. In dialect, new terminology is created instead of the old terminology.  Climate change over the years and centuries has caused changes in language and dialect.
An Assessment of Afghanistan Legislative Efforts in Relation to International Environmental Commitments
Authors: Manzanay Hakimuddin
Published: October 2024

Afghanistan formally joined the United Nations in 1946 and remains is a strong participant in this important organization, particularly in the United Nations Environmental Program. Afghanistan signed the (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora on October 30, 1985, as part of its commitment to environmental Protection, in 2006 Afghanistan enacted an Environmental Law. My research is based on librarian methods which depend on national and international materials, and has exhaustively analyzed the international treaties that Afghanistan has ratified, as well as its environmental legislation. In addition, to approach its international duties, the country formed a National Environmental Protection Agency and adopted a special law for the protection of the environment. Furthermore, Afghanistan has established six regulations at a lower legislative level to effectively address environmental issues. The government has also included environmental crimes in its penal law, including punishments for such offenses. However, while Afghanistan has made efforts in terms of environmental legislation and involvement in international treaties, there are certain shortcomings. The Afghan government's commitment to international environmental and climate change duties looks insufficient, and its legal efforts fall short of the mark. Furthermore, international cooperation in this area is limited. Finally, it is suggested that the Afghan government enhance its participation in international treaties and conferences concerning the environment and climate change. Afghanistan should broaden and speed up the legislative process to achieve its environmental legal duties, while also upgrading its efforts in the sphere of environmental conservation and climate change mitigation.
Socio-Economic Impact of Climate Change on Livelihood of Internal Displaced People, A Case Study of Bamyan Province
Authors: Behzad Ali Reza , Younisy Hamidullah , Noori Abdul Wadood
Published: October 2024

Internal displacement and environmental factors have been debatable for developed and developing countries. Climate change may not directly displace people but accelerates the displacement waves. Environmental changes have influenced every aspect of life. The socioeconomic impact of climate change is a challenge for internally displaced Afghans. Displaced people are counted as one of the most vulnerable parts of the community. This study aims to demonstrate the socio-economic impact of climate change on the livelihood of displaced people. This case study is conducted in Bamyan province, Yakawlang district, and the center of Bamyan has been selected as the study area. The snowball sampling method has been applied for conducting this study and the total sample size is (n=235) which includes 88% male and 12% female in the interval of 25-65 years old, targeted people are guardians of their households. Primary data has been collected via questionnaires, questionnaires mainly covered factors that cause people displacement. Data has been analyzed by SPSS 26 with the help of Hayes Process Macro Model 1. The study found that social, economic, and environmental factors have a significant role in the rate of displacement. The study exposed that changes in livelihood among displaced people are usual. The relationship between displacement and food insecurity is recommended for future studies.
Effects of Climate Change on Islamic Shari’a Objectives
Authors: Nasih Khalilullah , Nasih Ihsanullah , Zia Arifullah
Published: October 2024

‌Caring for trees and greening the environment is significant for the protection of five major principles and objectives (religion, soul, intellect, generation and assets (of the Islamic Shari’ah. Planting trees has a clear effect on human physical and mental health. On the other hand, planting trees plays a significant role in the development of the economy, through which many agricultural products are obtained. Hence, for this, the rules and regulations that have been made at the national and international levels ought to be fully implemented. Generally, cutting down of trees and deforestation should be prohibited and criminals should be punished. There is an inseparable relationship between trees, shrubs, the natural environment and humans that has a direct connection with the souls and spirits of humans. The human soul feels comfortable and peaceful in the green environment. If you look at the nature of human, Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala (SWT) created Adam Alaihis Salam (peace be upon him) and placed him in Paradise. He lived there and benefited from the gardens of Paradise. As Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala (SWT) has mentioned in the Holy Qur'an, human is naturally created in such a way that they feel at peace with the green environment. Therefore, a green environment should be provided and every possible measure should be applied when it is destroyed.
Sustainable Solutions to Mitigate the Negative Effects of Climate Change on Afghanistan
Authors: Rahmani Hizbullah , Abid Mohammad Omar
Published: October 2024

One of the most important global issues that face all countries is climate change. One of the nations most impacted by the effects of climate change is Afghanistan. The nation is more endangered due to its geographic location, delicate ecosystems, and socioeconomic difficulties. This article explores Afghanistan's vulnerability to climate change and highlights sustainable solutions to lessen its effects on the nation. Online surveys were used as part of the study, which comprised 136 lecturers and current students from several Afghani universities. The results showed that the main effects of climate change on Afghanistan are an increase in average temperature, more frequent and severe droughts, flooding and increased water scarcity, loss of food security and agricultural productivity, melting of glaciers and depletion of water resources, and an increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters (such as storms and landslides). The main sustainable ways to lessen the effects of climate change are to promote renewable energy sources (solar, wind, and hydro), implement water management and conservation practices, improve agricultural practices for increased resilience, improve infrastructure for disaster preparedness, reforest and conserve forests, educate and raise awareness about the impacts of climate change, empower communities, create accountable policy and decision-making processes, and develop national strategies for sustainable development. Afghanistan.
Investigating Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Musavi Sayed Ali Sina , Sarwari Sayed Reza , Sajjad Saeedullah
Published: October 2024

‌In the current research, seven types of renewable energy sources have been investigated. This research has been done using the review research method. Global energy demand has increased due to population growth and technological development. Therefore, renewable energy and its technology are progressing in all over the world. There are seven types of renewable energy sources in the world, that these sources include hydrogen energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, hydropower energy, ocean energy and wind energy. There is no element abundant hydrogen in the world. Therefore, it is the best renewable energy. Renewable energy sources help to reduce greenhouse gases. These energies do not produce polluting and harmful gases for the atmosphere. These energies can be produced in every regionally and locally, but fossil energy sources exist only in some regions.
Assessment of Smart Strategies for Mitigating Climate Change Impacts on agricultural Soils
Authors: Teimoory Narges , Arasalan Tash Bibi
Published: October 2024

‌Climate change poses significant threats to global agriculture productivity, impacting soil health and fertility. It accelerates soil organic carbon loss due to soil degradation while soil carbon increase may lead to a great climate change mitigation potential. Therefore, this review aims to assess smart strategies for mitigating these challenges, focusing on innovative approaches that enhance resilience and sustainability in agricultural systems. This review found that climate-smart soil management strategies such as conservation agriculture and agroforestry strategies have been widely adopted to enhance soil organic carbon sequestration and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring crop productivity.
Pembatasan Kebebasan Beragama Berdasarkan Teori Keadilan Dan Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Mendrofa Otniel Ogamota
Published: October 2024

Pembatasan kebebasan beragama dari sudut pandang teori keadilan dan hak asasi manusia memiliki relevansi yang jelas. Kebebasan beragama adalah hak dasar yang diakui dalam berbagai instrumen internasional dan nasional. Namun, kebebasan ini sering dibatasi dalam praktik, mempengaruhi pemenuhan hak tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan data diperoleh dari studi pustaka, termasuk peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen hukum internasional, dan literatur terkait. Pendekatan teori keadilan yang digunakan merujuk pada konsep "justice as fairness" oleh John Rawls, yang menekankan pentingnya kesetaraan kebebasan dasar bagi setiap individu. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mendasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia sebagaimana tercantum dalam Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia (UDHR) dan Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik (ICCPR). Analisis melibatkan identifikasi dan evaluasi dasar hukum pembatasan kebebasan beragama, serta mengkaji apakah pembatasan tersebut dapat dibenarkan dalam konteks keadilan dan penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan kebebasan beragama harus memenuhi syarat tertentu untuk dianggap sah secara hukum: memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas, tujuan yang sah, dan proporsionalitas antara pembatasan dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Pembatasan yang diskriminatif dan tidak proporsional melanggar prinsip keadilan dan hak asasi manusia. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk mempertimbangkan aspek keadilan dan hak asasi manusia dalam merumuskan kebijakan terkait kebebasan beragama. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang hubungan antara kebebasan beragama, keadilan, dan hak asasi manusia, serta memberikan rekomendasi bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara pembatasan yang diperlukan dan perlindungan hak fundamental.
Rachunek kosztów i rachunkowość zarządcza. Zadania
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Rutkowska Jolanta
Published: October 2024

Podręcznik przedstawia procedury rachunków kosztów i operacyjnej rachunkowości zarządczej jako zrozumiałe narzędzia pracy menedżera. Został przygotowany jako pomoc dydaktyczna dla studentów do zajęć praktycznych ćwiczeniowych z przedmiotów, takich jak „Rachunkowość zarządcza” czy „Rachunek kosztów”, realizowanych na studiach licencjackich oraz magisterskich oraz praktyków menedżerów wykorzystujących informacje o kosztach w procesie zarządzania. Zakres tematyczny pokrywa się z obowiązującym programem nauczania i oparty jest na podstawowych podręcznikach z rachunku kosztów i rachunkowości zarządczej wykorzystywanych na polskich uczelniach.
Miejscy srebrni single w Polsce. Sytuacja materialna. Konsumpcja. Zachowania konsumenckie i trendy
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Zalega Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Monografia przybliża zjawisko konsumpcji i zachowań konsumenckich samotnych osób starszych oraz dostarcza niezwykle cennych informacji dla przedsiębiorstw oraz prowadzonej przez rząd polityki gospodarczej, społecznej i kulturalnej. Opracowanie umożliwia pogłębienie wiedzy na temat zachowań samotnych osób starszych na rynku i wynikających z tego konsekwencji mikro- i makroekonomicznych. Autor publikacji w przejrzysty sposób wyjaśnia przyczyny postępującej singlizacji społeczeństw oraz istoty singlizmu i konsekwencji dyskryminacji osób żyjących w pojedynkę. Przybliża ponadto Czytelnikowi podstawy funkcjonowania jednoosobowych gospodarstw domowych, ich warunki mieszkaniowe, sytuację materialną czy strukturę wydatków osób żyjących w pojedynkę, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wydatków na żywność i ochronę zdrowia. Monografię zamyka rozdział poświęcony wybranym nowym trendom konsumenckim i ich zachowaniom nabywczym, w którym podjęto udaną próbę określenia grup typologicznych srebrnych singli jako konsumentów. Zawartość merytoryczna monografii oraz zawarta w niej wiedza mogą być przydatne dla tych wszystkich osób, które interesują się zagadnieniami demograficznymi zachodzącymi w polskim społeczeństwie, a w szczególności samotnymi osobami starszymi i ich zachowaniami konsumenckimi.
Goya en Amérique. Voyage iconophage au pays sans peinture
Authors: Laliberté Bianca
Published: October 2024

Le présent article corrobore l’hypothèse selon laquelle Francisco de Goya y Lucientes a su voir, à travers l’imaginaire du Nouveau Monde, l’apparition d’un problème d’ordre pictural. Qu’advient-il de la peinture dès lors qu’elle reconnaît l’ailleurs dont elle se sait absente ? Cette expérience de pensée nous est révélée par deux petits tableaux qu’il a peint à l’orée du XIXe siècle et portant des titres qui leur ont été donnés a posteriori : Cannibales montrant des restes humains (1810-1815 ?) et Cannibales préparant leurs victimes (1810-1815 ?). Par l’entremise d’une description rapprochée de leur matérialité et d’une analyse de leurs conditions de possibilité, cet article doit permettre d’extraire ces oeuvres du cadre tautologique à l’intérieur duquel leur fortune critique les a confinés. Goya n’y a pas peint des « sauvages » pour peindre des « sauvages »; il y révèle la logique interne de l’image picturale, à savoir une logique fondamentalement iconophage.
« La antropofagia te ha sentado muy bien » : de la dévoration chez Pedro Almodóvar
Authors: Bracco Diane
Published: October 2024

En 2009, le cinéaste espagnol Pedro Almodóvar réalise le court-métrage La conseillère anthropophage (La concejala antropófaga), teaser humoristique du drame sorti la même année, Les Étreintes brisées (Los abrazos rotos). Le titre de ce film inscrit le personnage de Chon, extravagante conseillère municipale, dans une approche grotesque du corps que le présent article se propose d’analyser en prêtant une attention toute particulière aux déclinaisons littérales et métaphoriques de l’acte cannibale. Il s’agira tout autant d’appréhender le récit filmique comme unité autonome, dotée de ses mécanismes internes, que dans l’autophagie créative qui lie ce court-métrage au reste de la filmographie d’Almodóvar. L’étude des dynamiques de mise en scène et des réseaux d’interprétation tissés par les dialogues permettra de déterminer dans quelle mesure anthropophagie, sexe et politique se conjuguent pour forger une figure éminemment carnavalesque, mise au service d’une célébration de la matérialité du corps et d’une satire politique mordante.