bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestations of immunoglobulin G4 related disease in otolaryngology: case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Wong W K , Campbell R , Douglas R
Published: June 2014

Background:

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease is an inflammatory condition characterised by the presence of fibrotic lesions infiltrated by immunoglobulin G4 positive plasma cells. It can arise from almost any region of the body and it is being increasingly recognised in the head and neck. Regardless of the site of involvement, the histopathological resemblance is remarkable. Dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, overabundance of immunoglobulin G4 bearing plasma cells and presence of storiform fibrosis are typical findings.

Case reports:

This paper presents two cases of immunoglobulin G4 related disease in which there was involvement of the orbit, the infraorbital nerve and the infratemporal fossa. Diagnosis was established in both cases by biopsying radiologically abnormal tissue in the infratemporal fossa.

Conclusion:

An awareness of this condition is required to establish the diagnosis and initiate appropriate therapy. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of initial treatment. The effectiveness of B-lymphocyte depletion with rituximab has also been reported. Correct diagnosis may spare patients from unnecessarily radical surgery.
Differences in negativity bias underlie variations in political ideology
Authors: Hibbing John R. , Smith Kevin B. , Alford John R.
Published: June 2014

Disputes between those holding differing political views are ubiquitous and deep-seated, and they often follow common, recognizable lines. The supporters of tradition and stability, sometimes referred to as conservatives, do battle with the supporters of innovation and reform, sometimes referred to as liberals. Understanding the correlates of those distinct political orientations is probably a prerequisite for managing political disputes, which are a source of social conflict that can lead to frustration and even bloodshed. A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence documents a multitude of ways in which liberals and conservatives differ from each other in purviews of life with little direct connection to politics, from tastes in art to desire for closure and from disgust sensitivity to the tendency to pursue new information, but the central theme of the differences is a matter of debate. In this article, we argue that one organizing element of the many differences between liberals and conservatives is the nature of their physiological and psychological responses to features of the environment that are negative. Compared with liberals, conservatives tend to register greater physiological responses to such stimuli and also to devote more psychological resources to them. Operating from this point of departure, we suggest approaches for refining understanding of the broad relationship between political views and response to the negative. We conclude with a discussion of normative implications, stressing that identifying differences across ideological groups is not tantamount to declaring one ideology superior to another.
Emotional attachment security as the origin of liberal-conservative differences in vigilance to negative features of the environment
Authors: Buck Ross
Published: June 2014

This commentary advances the hypothesis that differences between liberal and conservative orientations noted in the target article are emotional in nature and caused by differences in attachment security: Conservatives are more vigilant to negative features of the environment because of a general sense of insecurity, whereas liberals are relatively more secure.
Disgust, politics, and responses to threat
Authors: Inbar Yoel , Pizarro David
Published: June 2014

We address two questions regarding the relationship between political ideology and responses to threatening or aversive stimuli. The first concerns the reason for the connection between disgust and specific political and moral attitudes; the second concerns the observation that some responses to threat (i.e., neuroticism/anxiety) are associated with a moreleft-wingpolitical orientation.
Motivation and morality: Insights into political ideology
Authors: Janoff-Bulman Ronnie , Carnes Nate C.
Published: June 2014

Our past work linking motivation and morality provides a basis for understanding differences in political ideology and positions across the political spectrum. Conservatism is rooted in avoidance-based proscriptive morality, whereas liberalism is rooted in approach-based prescriptive morality. Two distinct, binding, group moralities reflect these different regulatory systems and emphasize social coordination through Social Order versus social cooperation through Social Justice.
Political ideology is contextually variable and flexible rather than fixed
Authors: Morgan G. Scott , Skitka Linda J. , Wisneski Daniel C.
Published: June 2014

Hibbing et al. argue that the liberal–conservative continuum is (a) universal and (b) grounded in psychological differences in sensitivity to negative stimuli. Our commentary argues that both claims overlook the importance of context. We review evidence that the liberal–conservative continuum is far from universal and that ideological differences are contextually flexible rather than fixed.
Will the real fundamental difference underlying ideology please stand up?
Authors: Motyl Matt , Iyer Ravi
Published: June 2014

Negativity bias explains many ideological differences, yet does not explain research such as conservatives' greater life satisfaction. Conservatives live in safer communities, perhaps to escape negative emotions, yet display numerous other community preferences unrelated to negativity. This tendency toward cognitive consistency can explain both these phenomena and many of the phenomena described in the target article.
Many behavioral tendencies associated with right-leaning (conservative) political ideologies are malleable and unrelated to negativity
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y. , Sussman Abigail B.
Published: June 2014

Recent research has identified several judgment and decision making tendencies associated with right-leaning political ideologies that are difficult (if not impossible) to explain in terms of stable, negative affective appraisals because they (1) are uncorrelated with the negativity of the stimuli being considered, (2) do not reflect divergent affective evaluations, and (3) can be eliminated by superficial manipulations and interventions.
Individual differences in political ideology are effects of adaptive error management
Authors: Petersen Michael Bang , Aarøe Lene
Published: June 2014

We apply error management theory to the analysis of individual differences in the negativity bias and political ideology. Using principles from evolutionary psychology, we propose a coherent theoretical framework for understanding (1) why individuals differ in their political ideology and (2) the conditions under which these individual differences influence and fail to influence the political choices people make.
The primacy of scaffolding within groups for the evolution of group-level traits
Authors: Caporael Linnda R. , Garvey Colin K.
Published: June 2014

Although both a “simple dyad or a population of thousands” are groups, these are, respectively, face-to-face embodied groups and collective symbolic groups. We applaud Smaldino for recognizing and describing the concept of the group-level trait. As an expansion, we propose an evolutionary-developmental model of face-to-face groups that scaffolds theorizing the evolution of cultural group-level traits.
Culture as an aggregate of individual differences
Authors: Kim Kyungil , Jeon Joonghwan , Park Youngjun
Published: June 2014

We question Smaldino's argument that culture plays the active role of maintaining and transmitting social organizations of differentiated individuals. Culture is an aggregate of individual differences in psychological variables within and between groups; it was not designed by group-level selection to maintain the structured organization of individuals. We conclude that Smaldino fails to present the crucial mechanism by which group-level traits are maintained, transmitted, and evolve.
Individual-level psychology and group-level traits
Authors: Muthukrishna Michael , Schaller Mark
Published: June 2014

Psychological research on social influence illuminates many mechanisms through which role differentiation and collaborative interdependence may affect cultural evolution. We focus here on psychological processes that produce specific patterns of asymmetric influence, which in turn can have predictable consequences for the emergence and transmission of group-level traits.
The substance of cultural evolution: Culturally framed systems of social organization
Authors: Read Dwight W.
Published: June 2014

Models of cultural evolution need to address not only the organizational aspects of human societies, but also the complexity and structure of cultural idea systems that frame their systems of organization. These cultural idea systems determine a framework within which behaviors take place and provide mutually understood meanings for behavior from the perspective of both agent and recipient that are critical for the coherence of human systems of social organization.
Group-level traits can be studied with standard evolutionary theory
Authors: Scott-Phillips Thomas C. , Dickins Thomas E.
Published: June 2014

Smaldino's target article draws on and seeks to add to a literature that has partially rejected orthodox, gene-centric evolutionary theory. However, orthodox theory has much to say about group-level traits. The target article does not reference or refute these views, and provides no explicit arguments for this narrow approach. In this commentary we: (i) give two examples of topics that the target article might and probably should have discussed (cultural epidemiology and the psychology of individual differences); and (ii) argue that the orthodox approach has much more to say about the emergence of group-level traits than the target article recognises, or gives credit for.
Why religion is better conceived as a complex system than a norm-enforcing institution
Authors: Sosis Richard , Kiper Jordan
Published: June 2014

Although religions, as Smaldino demonstrates, provide informative examples of culturally evolved group-level traits, they are more accurately analyzed as complex adaptive systems than as norm-enforcing institutions. An adaptive systems approach to religion not only avoids various shortcomings of institutional approaches, but also offers additional explanatory advantages regarding the cultural evolution of group-level traits that emerge from religion.
Replicators, lineages, and interactors
Authors: Taylor Daniel J. , Bryson Joanna J.
Published: June 2014

The target article argues that whole groups can act as interactors in an evolutionary process. We believe that Smaldino's discussion would be advanced by a more thorough analysis of the appropriate replicators and lineages for this model. We show that cultural evolution is necessarily a separate process from cultural group selection, and we also illustrate that the two processes may influence each other as demonstrated by an agent-based model of communicating food-processing skills.
The collaborative emergence of group cognition
Authors: Theiner Georg , Sutton John
Published: June 2014

We extend Smaldino's approach to collaboration and social organization in cultural evolution to include cognition. By showing how recent work on emergent group-level cognition can be incorporated within Smaldino's framework, we extend that framework's scope to encompass collaborative memory, decision making, and intelligent action. We argue that beneficial effects arise only in certain forms of cognitive interdependence, in surprisingly fragile conditions.
Group-level traits emerge
Authors: Smaldino Paul E.
Published: June 2014

Most commentators supported the thesis of the target article, though there were also those who were less fully persuaded. I will begin with a response to the most critical commentaries. First, I will justify an evolutionary perspective that includes group organization and nongenetic inheritance. Next, I will discuss the concept of emergence. Following that, I will transition to an exploration of ideas and concerns brought up by some of the more supportive commentators. This will include a discussion of different types of groups; the psychology of group-level traits; the uses and limitations of an institutional perspective; the link between transmission, adaptation, and selection; current and future methodologies; and the variety of fields that may benefit from a group-level traits perspective.
Altruism Versus Self-Interest: Sometimes a False Dichotomy
Authors: Badhwar Neera Kapur
Published: June 2014

In the moral philosophy of the last two centuries, altruism of one kind or another has typically been regarded as identical with moral concern. When self-regarding duties have been recognized, motivation bydutyhas been sharply distinguished from motivation byself-interest. Accordingly, from Kant, Mill, and Sidgwick to Rawls, Nagel, and Gauthier, concern for our own interests, whether long-term or short-term, has typically been regarded as intrinsically nonmoral. So, for example, although Thomas Nagel regards both prudence and altruism as structural features of practical reason, he identifies only the latter as a moral capacity, prudence being merely rational, long-term egoism. Similarly, John Ravvls and David Gauthier contrast self-interest and other nontuistic interests—interests that are independent of others' interests—with moral interest. We are morallypermitted, no doubt, to act out of self-interest within certain constraints, but such acts can have no intrinsic moral worth. Pursuit of our own interests out ofduty(if there is such a duty) does have intrinsic moral worth, but such pursuit, by hypothesis, cannot be motivated by self-interest. Self-interested pursuit of our own interests as such, no matter how realistic, farsighted, temperate, honest, or courageous, cannot be intrinsically moral. And this remains the case even if self-interest motivates us to perform other-regarding acts: only those other-regarding acts that are (appropriately) motivated by others' interests count as moral, because only such acts are altruistic.
TRYGVE HAAVELMO AT THE COWLES COMMISSION
Authors: Bjerkholt Olav
Published: June 2014

The article reviews the early history of the Cowles Commission (CC), its close and intertwined relations with the Econometric Society (ES), and the influence and guidance of Ragnar Frisch. It provides detail on three rounds of choosing a research director for CC in 1937–38, in 1939 and, particularly, at the end of 1942. Haavelmo’s work in the early 1940s came to play a major role for the econometric research at the Cowles Commission under Jacob Marschak as research director 1943–48. The article points to the importance of Abraham Wald and Jacob Marschak for the success of Haavelmo’s venture and its influence and tells the story of how it came about that Haavelmo’s ideas were adopted, applied, and disseminated by the Cowles Commission. Thus the mention of Trygve Haavelmo in the title is referring also to his econometric ideas. The ideas themselves and their further evolvement at the CC have been a dominating theme in the history of econometrics literature, e.g., Hildreth (1986), Epstein (1987), Morgan (1990), Qin (1993), and Christ (1994). The article discusses the recruitment, the inner workings, and various other concerns of the Cowles econometricians, from Marxism to Black Magic. It recounts at some length the efforts made by Marschak to recruit Abraham Wald to the University of Chicago and the Cowles Commission. The article can be read as a sequel to Bjerkholt (2005, 2007).
Differences in growth rate, body condition, habitat use and food availability between island and mainland lizard populations ofAnolis nebulosusin Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Siliceo-Cantero Héctor Hugo , García Andrés
Published: June 2014

Lizards of the genusAnolishave been widely studied, however, little is known about the effects of environmental seasonality, food availability and geographic isolation on body condition, growth rate and habitat use of lizards. The existence of an insular and a continental population ofAnolis nebulosus(clouded anole), separated by only 0.47 km, represents an ideal opportunity to address this topic. We compared seasonal fluctuations in food availability (arthropod density) for anoles, as well as body condition, growth rate and habitat use in the two populations. Food availability throughout the year was sampled every 2 mo by trapping arthropods at each site. Lizards were also monitored and measured every 2 mo by surveying three quadrats in each site over 2 y giving a total of 30 visits for each quadrat. Results suggested that composition and density of food supply was similar for the two populations. Nevertheless, food supply responded to seasonality of rainfall, with an increase of 1.5 times during the rainy season. Despite similarity in food availability, insular anoles had body condition that was 5–10 times better, with growth rate twice as fast, and used similar perches. The role of predation, and inter- and intraspecific competition are discussed as possible drivers.
HEAVY-TRAFFIC ANALYSIS OF K-LIMITED POLLING SYSTEMS
Authors: Boon M.A.A. , Winands E.M.M.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we study a two-queue polling model with zero switchover times and k-limited service (serve at most ki customers during one visit period to queue i, i=1, 2) in each queue. The arrival processes at the two queues are Poisson, and the service times are exponentially distributed. By increasing the arrival intensities until one of the queues becomes critically loaded, we derive exact heavy-traffic limits for the joint queue-length distribution using a singular-perturbation technique. It turns out that the number of customers in the stable queue has the same distribution as the number of customers in a vacation system with Erlang-k2 distributed vacations. The queue-length distribution of the critically loaded queue, after applying an appropriate scaling, is exponentially distributed. Finally, we show that the two queue-length processes are independent in heavy traffic.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A TWO-SERVER QUEUEING SYSTEM WITH FAILURES
Authors: Özkan Erhun , Kharoufeh Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2014

We consider the problem of controlling a two-server Markovian queueing system with heterogeneous servers. The servers are differentiated by their service rates and reliability attributes (i.e., the slower server is perfectly reliable, whereas the faster server is subject to random failures). The aim is to dynamically route customers at arrival, service completion, server failure, and server repair epochs to minimize the long-run average number of customers in the system. Using a Markov decision process model, we prove that it is always optimal to route customers to the faster server when it is available, irrespective of its failure and repair rates, if the system is stable. For the slower server, there exists an optimal threshold policy that depends on the queue length and the state of the faster server. Additionally, we analyze a variant of the main model in which there are multiple unreliable servers with identical service rates, but distinct reliability characteristics. For that case it is always optimal to route customers to idle servers, and the optimal policy is insensitive to the servers’ reliability characteristics.
ASYMPTOTICS FOR A DISCRETE-TIME RISK MODEL WITH THE EMPHASIS ON FINANCIAL RISK
Authors: Hashorva Enkelejd , Li Jinzhu
Published: June 2014

This paper focuses on a discrete-time risk model in which both insurance risk and financial risk are taken into account. We study the asymptotic behavior of the ruin probability and the tail probability of the aggregate risk amount. Precise asymptotic formulas are derived under weak moment conditions of involved risks. The main novelty of our results lies in the quantification of the impact of the financial risk.
Vitamin B12serostatus in Colombian children and adult women: results from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Herrán Oscar F , Ward Julia B , Villamor Eduardo
Published: June 2014

Objective

Vitamin B12deficiency is associated with many adverse health outcomes and is highly prevalent worldwide. The present study assesses the prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency and marginal deficiency in Colombian children and women and examines the sociodemographic correlates of serum vitamin B12concentrations in these groups.

Design

Cross-sectional, nationally representative survey.

Setting

Colombia.

Subjects

Children <18 years old (n7243), pregnant women (n1781), and non-pregnant women 18–49 years old (n499).

Results

The overall prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency (serum vitamin B12<148 pmol/l) and marginal deficiency (serum vitamin B12=148–221 pmol/l) was, respectively, 6·6 % (95 % CI 5·2 %, 8·3 %) and 22·5 % (95 % CI 21·1 %, 23·9 %). Pregnant women had the highest prevalence of deficiency (18·9 %; 95 % CI 16·6 %, 21·5 %) compared with non-pregnant adult women (18·5 %; 95 % CI 4·4 %, 53·1 %) and children (2·8 %; 95 % CI 2·3 % %, 3·3 %). In multivariable analyses among children, mean serum vitamin B12was positively associated with female sex (12 pmol/l higher compared with males;P=0·004), secondary or higher education of the household head (12 pmol/l higher compared with primary or less;P=0·009) and food security (21 pmol/l higher compared with severe food insecurity;P=0·003). In multivariable analyses among pregnant women, mean serum vitamin B12was positively associated with education of the household head and inversely associated with living in the National territories, Eastern or Pacific regions.

Conclusions

The prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency and marginal deficiency in Colombian women and children is substantial. The burden falls largely on adult women, those with lowest education and those living in the poorest, most rural regions of the country.
UNTHINKING RACIAL REALISM: A FUTURE FOR REPARATIONS?1
Authors: Balfour Lawrie
Published: June 2014

Considered costly, divisive, and backward-looking, reparations for slavery and Jim Crow appear to have no place in the politics of the “postracial epoch.” This essay proposes that the dismissal of reparations concedes too much. First, I contend that the conjunction of postracial discourse, on the one hand, and deepening racial inequalities, on the other, demands a counter-language, one that ties the analysis of the present to the historical conditions out of which it was produced. I explore reparations as a political language that (1) situates political claims within the historical framework of slavery, reconstruction, and segregation; (2) links past to present to future in its demand for concrete forms of redress; and (3) has played an important role in African American political life and in contemporary democracies in transition. Second, in contrast to much of the reparations scholarship, I focus on the demands of democracy rather than justice. Doing so both helps to evade some of the technical questions that have prevented full consideration of the political work of reparations and provides a vehicle for redefining both governmental and civic responsibility in the shadow of slavery and Jim Crow.
Ataxia telangiectasia derived iPS cells show preserved x-ray sensitivity and decreased chromosomal instability
Authors: Fukawatase Yoshihiro , Toyoda Masashi , Okamura Kohji , Nakamura Ken-ichi , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Takada Shuji , Yamazaki-Inoue Mayu , Masuda Akira , Nasu Michiyo , Hata Kenichiro , Hanaoka Kazunori , Higuchi Akon , Takubo Kaiyo , Umezawa Akihiro
Published: June 2014

Ataxia telangiectasia is a neurodegenerative inherited disease with chromosomal instability and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. iPS cells lacking ATM (AT-iPS cells) exhibited hypersensitivity to X-ray irradiation, one of the characteristics of the disease. While parental ataxia telangiectasia cells exhibited significant chromosomal abnormalities, AT-iPS cells did not show any chromosomal instability in vitro for at least 80 passages (560 days). Whole exome analysis also showed a comparable nucleotide substitution rate in AT-iPS cells. Taken together, these data show that ATM is involved in protection from irradiation-induced cell death.
Preparation of biofunctionalized quantum dots using microfluidic chips for bioimaging
Authors: Hu Siyi , Zeng Shuwen , Zhang Butian , Yang Chengbin , Song Peiyi , Hang Danny Tng Jian , Lin Guimiao , Wang Yucheng , Anderson Tommy , Coquet Philippe , Liu Liwei , Zhang Xihe , Yong Ken-Tye
Published: June 2014

Biofunctionalized quantum dots were prepared using microfluidic chips and were used as optical probes for imaging live cells.
Electrochemical determination of selected antihypertensive and antituberculosis drugs at a tyrosine-modified electrode
Authors: Cheemalapati Srikanth , Devadas Balamurugan , Chen Shen-Ming , Ali M. Ajmal , Al-Hemaid Fahad M. A.
Published: June 2014

A simple and sensitive electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of hydralazine hydrochloride (HDH), isoniazid (ISN), ethambutol hydrochloride (EBH) and pyrazinamide (PZM).
A boronate-based fluorescent probe for the selective detection of cellular peroxynitrite
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Park Jeesook , Lee Hawon , Choi Yongdoo , Kim Youngmi
Published: June 2014

A boronate-based fluorescent probe 1 for the selective monitoring of intracellular peroxynitrite has been developed. The probe takes advantage of the fast reaction of an arylboronate group with peroxynitrite, yielding a corresponding phenol that undergoes spontaneous subsequent reactions to produce a strongly fluorescent product associated with a large turn-on signal.
A phosphine-mediated stereocontrolled synthesis of Z-enediynes by a vicinal dialkynylation of ethynylphosphonium salts
Authors: Reichl Kyle D. , Radosevich Alexander T.
Published: June 2014

A phosphine-mediated preparation of (Z)-enediynes via vicinal dicarbofunctionalization of triaryl(arylethynyl)phosphonium cations is described.
Heat transfer in heterogeneous nanostructures can be described by a simple chain model
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Jianxiang , Kang Wei
Published: June 2014

Heat transfer in heterogeneous nanostructures is captured by a simple 1D chain model, agreeing well with experiments.
Nanoparticle dispersion in polymer nanocomposites by spin-diffusion-averaged paramagnetic enhanced NMR relaxometry: scaling relations and applications
Authors: Xu Bo , Leisen Johannes , Beckham Haskell W.
Published: June 2014

Scaling relations were identified between NMR relaxometric observables and nanoparticle contents/spacings that enable predictions of clay dispersion in polymer nanocomposites.
The vanadate adsorption on a mesoporous boehmite and its cleaner production application of chromate
Authors: Li Ping , Zheng Sili , Qing Penghui , Chen Yongan , Tian Lei , Zheng Xiaodan , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2014

Source reduction of hazardous Cr6+ containing wastes has significance in the cleaner production of chromate and environmental protection.
Physics and technological aspects of nanofluidics
Authors: Bocquet Lyderic , Tabeling Patrick
Published: June 2014

Cartoon representing the main mechanisms that operate in the nano-, micro- and millifluidic realms. The mechanisms are illustrated by characters whose positions in the spectrum of scales are fixed by the characteristic lengths they are associated with. The fundamental questions of nanofluidics are the following: How do the characteristic scales pertaining to the 1–100 nm range interfere with the system size? Can they combine together to produce new physical effects?
Body-on-a-chip simulation with gastrointestinal tract and liver tissues suggests that ingested nanoparticles have the potential to cause liver injury
Authors: Esch Mandy B. , Mahler Gretchen J. , Stokol Tracy , Shuler Michael L.
Published: June 2014

The use of nanoparticles in medical applications is highly anticipated, and at the same time little is known about how these nanoparticles affect human tissues.
Triazole containing novobiocin and biphenyl amides as Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Zhao Huiping , Hall Jessica A. , Brown Douglas , Brandes Eileen , Bazzill Joseph , Grogan Patrick T. , Subramanian Chitra , Vielhauer George , Cohen Mark S. , Blagg Brian S. J.
Published: June 2014

1,2,3-Triazole side chain containing coumarin and biphenyl amides were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potent Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors, which exhibited improved anti-proliferative activities against a panel of cancer cell lines.
A first-principles study of CO oxidation by surface oxygen on Pt-incorporated perovskite catalyst (CaPtxTi1−xO3)
Authors: Zhang Qiuju , Li Baihai , Wang Houyuan , Suo Yange , Chen Liang
Published: June 2014

In the present work, we investigated the structural and catalytic properties of a prototype system Pt-doped CaTiO3 by means of first principles calculations.
Recent advances and applications of Glaser coupling employing greener protocols
Authors: Sindhu K. S. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: June 2014

Recent developments in Glaser coupling catalysed by copper(i) is discussed in the review with emphasis on its application.
Plasmon-induced decarboxylation of mercaptobenzoic acid on nanoparticle film monitored by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zong Yi , Guo Qinghua , Xu Minmin , Yuan Yaxian , Gu Renao , Yao Jianlin
Published: June 2014

Surface plasmon plays an important role in surface catalysis reactions, and thus the tuning of plasmon on metal nanostructures and the extension of plasmon induced surface catalysis reactions have become important issues.
Solid-phase extraction, separation and preconcentration of titanium(iv) with SSG-V10 from some other toxic cations: a molecular interpretation supported by DFT
Authors: Barman Milan. K. , Srivastava Bhavya , Chatterjee Mousumi , Mandal Bhabatosh
Published: June 2014

Ti-Versatic-10 anti complex.
Geometric effect of Ru/HSAG@mSiO2: a catalyst for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Shen Hangjia , Tang Haodong , Yan Haiyu , Han Wenfeng , Li Ying , Ni Jun
Published: June 2014

The geometric effect of covered mesoporous silica layers enhances the terminal hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to unsaturated alcohol.
Biologically targeted probes for Zn2+: a diversity oriented modular “click-SNAr-click” approach
Authors: Pancholi J. , Hodson D. J. , Jobe K. , Rutter G. A. , Goldup S. M. , Watkinson M.
Published: June 2014

We report a high yielding, one-pot method for the synthesis of zinc responsive probes targeted to specific organelles and examine selected sensors in pancreatic islet cells.
Synthesis and properties of azothiazole based π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Yan Zhuangqing , Sun Bin , Guo Chang , Li Yuning
Published: June 2014

Azothiazole (ATz) is used for the first time as an electron-acceptor building block for donor–acceptor polymers used in OTFTs.
Novel high-throughput screen identifies an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action
Authors: Sheen Chih-Wei , Alptürk Onur , Sluis-Cremer Nicolas
Published: June 2014

HIV-1 resistance to zidovudine [AZT (azidothymidine)] is associated with selection of the mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E in RT (reverse transcriptase). These mutations decrease HIV-1 susceptibility to AZT by augmenting RT's ability to excise the chain-terminating AZT-MP (AZT-monophosphate) moiety from the chain-terminated DNA primer. Although AZT-MP excision occurs at the enzyme's polymerase active site, it is mechanistically distinct from the DNA polymerase reaction. Consequently, this activity represents a novel target for drug discovery, and inhibitors that target this activity may increase the efficacy of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, and may help to delay the onset of drug resistance. In the present study, we have developed a FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer)-based high-throughput screening assay for the AZT-MP excision activity of RT. This assay is sensitive and robust, and demonstrates a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.3 and a Z’ factor of 0.69. We screened three chemical libraries (7265 compounds) using this assay, and identified APEX57219 {3,3′-[(3-carboxy-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methylene]bis[6-hydroxybenzoic acid]} as the most promising hit. APEX57219 displays a unique activity profile against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 RT, and was found to inhibit virus replication at the level of reverse transcription. Mechanistic analyses revealed that APEX57219 blocked the interaction between RT and the nucleic acid substrate.
The Effects of a Service Learning Workshop on the Intellectual Life of Graduate Students in Communication Disorders
Authors: Altosino Annmarie , Armstrong Jennifer L.
Published: June 2014

Service learning experiences provide students with the opportunity to utilize academic knowledge and develop professional skills related to higher level thinking, self-esteem, and the development of future workplace skills while assisting with a community's needs. A service learning project was developed to study its effects on graduate students studying communication disorders. Thirty-one graduate students assisted in the development and facilitation of a workshop focusing on the prevention of communication disorders for “at-risk” families. A survey and focus group were used to assess experienced and inexperienced graduate students' ability to utilize, apply, and develop academic, clinical, and personal skills related to students' diversity attitudes, engagement in the community, and interest in prevention. Overall findings indicate growth in all areas of assessment; specifically, students showed an increase in the development of clinical, personal, and academic skills; knowledge of prevention and related activities; and a greater understanding for the importance of prevention in communication disorders. Results suggest that participation in service learning experiences enhances students' academic, clinical, personal, and content-related knowledge, and increase their awareness and appreciation for their discipline.
Engaging Undergraduate Students in Child Language Research
Authors: Coston Jade H. , Myers-Jennings Corine
Published: June 2014

To better prepare the professionals and scholars of tomorrow in the field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD), a research project in which undergraduate students collected and analyzed language samples of child-parent dyads is presented. Student researchers gained broad and discipline-specific inquiry skills related to the ethical conduct of research, the literature review process, data collection using language assessment techniques, language sample analysis, and research dissemination. Undergraduate students majoring in CSD developed clinical research knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary for future graduate level study and professional employment. In addition to the benefits of student growth and development, language samples collected through this project are helping to answer research questions regarding communicative turn-taking opportunities within the everyday routines of young children, the effects of turn-taking interactions on language development, and the construct validity of language sampling analysis techniques.
Compact on‐chip measurement system for testing programmable delay lines
Authors: Abramzon V.
Published: June 2014

A compact on‐chip measurement system is proposed for the testing of multiple programmable delay lines (timing digital‐to‐analogue converters (DACs)) through a low‐speed analogue test bus. The system consists of very small delay‐to‐current converters local to each timing DAC, multiplexed to a centrally located programmable‐gain sense amplifier. Silicon test results demonstrate that the system is capable of characterising the delay against the control code relationship of a timing DAC.
Mixed polarity reversible Peres gates
Authors: Moraga C.
Published: June 2014

Reversible Peres gates with more than two all over binary‐valued control signals are discussed. Methods are disclosed for the low‐cost realisation of this kind of Peres gates without requiring ancillary lines. It is shown that Peres gates with n control signals may be obtained with a quantum cost of 2n + 1 − n − 2, using Feynman gates and controlled gates realising the κth root of NOT, where κ = 2n−1. Proper distribution of the controlled gates and their inverses allows driving the reversible Peres gate with control signals of different polarities.
Inter‐core crosstalk measurement in multi‐core fibre amplifier using multiple intensity tones
Authors: Ono H. , Mizuno T. , Takara H. , Ichii K. , Takenaga K. , Matsuo S. , Yamada M.
Published: June 2014

An inter‐core crosstalk measurement method in a multi‐core erbium‐doped fibre amplifier that uses a single‐wavelength signal with multiple intensity tones is investigated. Its feasibility is confirmed and the output signal power dependence of the crosstalk values for the same signal gains between cores is successfully characterised.
Non‐linear analysis of DFIG based wind farm in stressed power systems
Authors: Zeinali Davarani Roohalamin , Ghazi Reza , Pariz Naser
Published: June 2014

This study deals with non‐linear interaction problems of DFIG (doubly fed induction generator) based wind farm in a stressed power system. The study is performed on an IEEE modified test system using the non‐linear analysis based on the modal series (MS) method. As the installed capacity of renewable energy, especially the wind‐energy increases, the wind farm connection to the grid should be studied from different viewpoints. The dynamic performance of this composite power system is an important issue and should be investigated carefully especially in stressed conditions and different operating points of system controllers. The non‐linear interactions will complicate the dynamic behaviour of power systems. If such interaction exists between wind farm and other system controllers and is quantitatively significant, the stability of wind plant is jeopardised. To verify the analytical results of MS method, the necessary comparisons have been made with the results of the non‐linear simulation and approximate linear methods.
Texturing Visibility: Opaque Femininities and Feminist Modernist Studies
Authors: Parkins Ilya
Published: June 2014

This essay examines women's spectacularly visible status in feminised mass cultural domains in the first decades of the twentieth century. Feminine spectacles are commonly understood to invite viewers to access women's bodies, yet early twentieth-century spectacles paradoxically called renewed attention to women's illegibility. Women's visual prominence made apparent their ‘unknowability’, recasting an ancient ideational heritage in modern terms. Representations of women as opaque in the early twentieth century constituted a challenge to ocularcentrism and reveal the centrality of femininity in mass mediations of epistemology and ontology. Drawing on written accounts of women's opacity in the fashion and beauty press, I argue that attention to spectacles of unknowability can be productive for feminist modernist studies. The texturing of histories of feminine spectacle challenges some tenacious dichotomies that continue to inform accounts of women's place in the modern, including those of subject and object, and visibility and invisibility. Focusing on opacity leads us to a productive account of the variable visibility of women in the modern, which foregrounds the multiple historical relations of different groups of women to regimes of visibility and keeps in view the diverse ways that differently classed and raced women were positioned vis-à-vis spectacle. The essay draws on feminist and postcolonial theory to suggest that an attunement to the unknowable not only nuances our understanding of a discrete historical period, but can lead the feminist researcher to confront and expand her own gaze in the era of capitalist modernity.
Outdoor simultaneous testing of four types of photovoltaic tracked modules
Authors: Visa I. , Comsit M. , Moldovan M. D. , Duta A.
Published: June 2014

Photovoltaic (PV) systems implemented in the built environment must fulfill supplementary design restrictions related to the limited available space and to architectural integration, thus the need for increased output is a must and tracking, whenever possible, represents a feasible solution. Tracking significantly enhances the amount of solar radiation on the module, including infrared radiation which contributes to their heating and influences the conversion efficiency. These efficiency variations are different, mainly depending on the modules' type (materials). The paper analyses the conversion efficiency of four types of commercial photovoltaic modules (amorphous, mono- and polycrystalline silicon, and CuInS2 (CIS)), simultaneously tested in two in-field setups: on a tracked PV platform and fixed tilt at 45°. The input global radiation and the outdoor temperature are correlated with the variation in the conversion efficiencies, outlining significant differences and the advantages of thin film (CIS) modules. A novel criterion is proposed to evaluate the results: the relative efficiency loss based on the actual and the nominal conversion efficiencies.
Random paths and current fluctuations in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
Authors: Gaspard Pierre
Published: June 2014

An overview is given of recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics about the statistics of random paths and current fluctuations. Although statistics is carried out in space for equilibrium statistical mechanics, statistics is considered in time or spacetime for nonequilibrium systems. In this approach, relationships have been established between nonequilibrium properties such as the transport coefficients, the thermodynamic entropy production, or the affinities, and quantities characterizing the microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics and the chaos or fluctuations it may generate. This overview presents results for classical systems in the escape-rate formalism, stochastic processes, and open quantum systems.
Bose gases, Bose–Einstein condensation, and the Bogoliubov approximation
Authors: Seiringer Robert
Published: June 2014

We review recent progress towards a rigorous understanding of the Bogoliubov approximation for bosonic quantum many-body systems. We focus, in particular, on the excitation spectrum of a Bose gas in the mean-field (Hartree) limit. A list of open problems will be discussed at the end.
Curl flux, coherence, and population landscape of molecular systems: Nonequilibrium quantum steady state, energy (charge) transport, and thermodynamics
Authors: Zhang Z. D. , Wang J.
Published: June 2014

We established a theoretical framework in terms of the curl flux, population landscape, and coherence for non-equilibrium quantum systems at steady state, through exploring the energy and charge transport in molecular processes. The curl quantum flux plays the key role in determining transport properties and the system reaches equilibrium when flux vanishes. The novel curl quantum flux reflects the degree of non-equilibriumness and the time-irreversibility. We found an analytical expression for the quantum flux and its relationship to the environmental pumping (non-equilibriumness quantified by the voltage away from the equilibrium) and the quantum tunneling. Furthermore, we investigated another quantum signature, the coherence, quantitatively measured by the non-zero off diagonal element of the density matrix. Populations of states give the probabilities of individual states and therefore quantify the population landscape. Both curl flux and coherence depend on steady state population landscape. Besides the environment-assistance which can give dramatic enhancement of coherence and quantum flux with high voltage at a fixed tunneling strength, the quantum flux is promoted by the coherence in the regime of small tunneling while reduced by the coherence in the regime of large tunneling, due to the non-monotonic relationship between the coherence and tunneling. This is in contrast to the previously found linear relationship. For the systems coupled to bosonic (photonic and phononic) reservoirs the flux is significantly promoted at large voltage while for fermionic (electronic) reservoirs the flux reaches a saturation after a significant enhancement at large voltage due to the Pauli exclusion principle. In view of the system as a quantum heat engine, we studied the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and established the analytical connections of curl quantum flux to the transport quantities such as energy (charge) transfer efficiency, chemical reaction efficiency, energy dissipation, heat and electric currents observed in the experiments. We observed a perfect transfer efficiency in chemical reactions at high voltage (chemical potential difference). Our theoretical predicted behavior of the electric current with respect to the voltage is in good agreements with the recent experiments on electron transfer in single molecules.
Advances in long pulse operation at high radio frequency power in Tore Supra
Authors: Goniche M. , Dumont R. , Bourdelle C. , Decker J. , Delpech L. , Ekedahl A. , Guilhem D. , Guimarães-Filho Z. , Litaudon X. , Lotte Ph. , Maget P. , Mazon D. , Saoutic B. ,   Tore Supra Team
Published: June 2014

The lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system of Tore Supra has been upgraded for long pulse operation at higher power (7–8 MW). The two launchers have coupled on plasma 3.8 MW and 2.7 MW separately. This new power capability allows extending the operational domain of Tore Supra for long pulses at higher current and density. 38 long (20 s –155 s) discharges with very low loop voltage (VL = 30-60 mV) were performed with combined LHCD (5-5.7 MW) and ICRH (1–3 MW) powers, with up to 1 GJ of injected energy. Higher LHCD efficiency, with respect to the previous long discharges, is reported. MHD stability of these discharges is very sensitive to the LHCD power and parallel wave index, in particular in the preforming phase. For theses evanescent loop voltage plasmas, the ICRH power, in excess of 1 MW, is found to have a beneficial effect on the MHD stability.
Study and design of the ion cyclotron resonance heating system for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Ongena J. , Messiaen A. , Van Eester D. , Schweer B. , Dumortier P. , Durodie F. , Kazakov Ye. O. , Louche F. , Vervier M. , Koch R. , Krivska A. , Lyssoivan A. , Van Schoor M. , Wauters T. , Borsuk V. , Neubauer O. , Schmitz O. , Offermans G. , Altenburg Y. , Baylard C. , Birus D. , Bozhenkov S. , Hartmann D. A. , Kallmeyer J. P. , Renard S. , Wolf R. C. , Fülöp T.
Published: June 2014

The current status of the mechanical and electromagnetic design for the ICRF antenna system for W7-X is presented. Two antenna plugins are discussed: one consisting of a pair of straps with pre-matching to cover the first frequency band, 25–38 MHz, and a second one consisting of two short strap triplets to cover a frequency band around 76 MHz. This paper focusses on the two strap antenna for the lower frequency band. Power coupling of the antenna to a reference plasma profile is studied with the help of the codes TOPICA and Microwave Studio that deliver the scattering matrix needed for the optimization of the geometric parameters of the straps and antenna box. Radiation power spectra for different phasings of the two straps are obtained using the code ANTITER II and different heating scenario are discussed. The potential for heating, fast particle generation, and current drive is discussed. The problem of RF coupling through the plasma edge and of edge power deposition is summarized. Important elements of the complete ion cyclotron resonance heating system are discussed: a resonator circuit with tap feed to limit the maximum voltage in the system, and a decoupler to counterbalance the large mutual coupling between the 2 straps. The mechanical design highlights the challenges encountered with this antenna: adaptation to a large variety of plasma configurations, the limited space within the port to accommodate the necessary matching components and the watercooling needed for long pulse operation.