bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective and Boundary Exploration of Privacy Transfer Dilemma in Brain–Computer Interface—Dimension Based on Ethical Matrix
Authors: Zhang Tong-Kuo
Published: January 2024

The advent of intelligent technologies, notably Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs), has introduced novel privacy dilemmas. Ensuring judicious privacy transfer is imperative for the application of BCI technology and pivotal for fostering economic and technological progress. This study adopts privacy transfer as the research perspective and employs an ethical matrix as the research method. It establishes BCI users as the central core interests, with marketers, developers, and medical personnel as stakeholders. Departing from the binary opposition of public and private in traditional privacy theory, this article proposes ethical principles such as maximizing benefits, minimizing harm, and respecting independent decision-making power. It constructs a judgment matrix for the privacy transfer of BCIs, utilizing this matrix to identify ethical risks like privacy disclosure and hijacking. This study analyzes the reasons for risks, aiming to overcome dilemmas and construct an ethical matrix to explore privacy transfer boundary division methods suitable for BCI technology and tailored to different stakeholders.
Recent Trends in Polymeric Foams and Porous Structures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications
Authors: Antunes Marcelo
Published: January 2024

Polymer-based (nano)composite foams containing conductive (nano)fillers limit electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution, and have been shown to act as good shielding materials in electronic devices. However, due to their high (micro)structural complexity, there is still a great deal to learn about the shielding mechanisms in these materials; understanding this is necessary to study the relationship between the properties of the microstructure and the porous structure, especially their EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE). Targeting and controlling the electrical conductivity through a controlled distribution of conductive nanofillers are two of the main objectives when combining foaming with the addition of nanofillers; to achieve this, both single or combined nanofillers (nanohybrids) are used (as there is a direct relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI SE), as are the main shielding mechanisms working on the foams (which are expected to be absorption-dominated). The present review considers the most significant developments over the last three years concerning polymer-based foams containing conductive nanofillers, especially carbon-based nanofillers, as well as other porous structures created using new technologies such as 3D printing for EMI shielding applications. It starts by detailing the microcellular foaming strategy, which develops polymer foams with enhanced EMI shielding, and it particularly focuses on technologies using supercritical CO2 (sCO2). It also notes the use of polymer foams as templates to prepare carbon foams with high EMI shielding performances for high temperature applications, as well as a recent strategy which combines different functional (nano)fillers to create nanohybrids. This review also explains the control and selective distribution of the nanofillers, which favor an effective conductive network formation, which thus promotes the enhancement of the EMI SE. The recent use of computational approaches to tailor the EMI shielding properties are given, as are new possibilities for creating components with varied porous structures using the abovementioned materials and 3D printing. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
An Exploration into the Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits Using Enhanced Golden Eagle Optimized 1D-Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Time-Frequency Domain Input and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Gao Jiyuan , Guo Jiang , Yuan Fang , Yi Tongqiang , Zhang Fangqing , Shi Yongjie , Li Zhaoyang , Ke Yiming , Meng Yang
Published: January 2024

With the continuous operation of analog circuits, the component degradation problem gradually comes to the forefront, which may lead to problems, such as circuit performance degradation, system stability reductions, and signal quality degradation, which could be particularly evident in increasingly complex electronic systems. At the same time, due to factors, such as continuous signal transformation, the fluctuation of component parameters, and the nonlinear characteristics of components, traditional fault localization methods are still facing significant challenges when dealing with large-scale complex circuit faults. Based on this, this paper proposes a fault-diagnosis method for analog circuits using the ECWGEO algorithm, an enhanced version of the GEO algorithm, to de-optimize the 1D-CNN with an attention mechanism to handle time–frequency fusion inputs. Firstly, a typical circuit-quad op-amp dual second-order filter circuit is selected to construct a fault-simulation model, and Monte Carlo analysis is used to obtain a large number of samples as the dataset of this study. Secondly, the 1D-CNN network structure is improved for the characteristics of the analog circuits themselves, and the time–frequency domain fusion input is implemented before inputting it into the network, while the attention mechanism is introduced into the network. Thirdly, instead of relying on traditional experience for network structure determination, this paper adopts a parameter-optimization algorithm for network structure optimization and improves the GEO algorithm according to the problem characteristics, which enhances the diversity of populations in the late stage of its search and accelerates the convergence speed. Finally, experiments are designed to compare the results in different dimensions, and the final proposed structure achieved a 98.93% classification accuracy, which is better than other methods.
Predicting Facial Attractiveness from Colour Cues: A New Analytic Framework
Authors: Lu Yan , Xiao Kaida , Pointer Michael , Lin Yandan
Published: January 2024

Various facial colour cues were identified as valid predictors of facial attractiveness, yet the conventional univariate approach has simplified the complex nature of attractiveness judgement for real human faces. Predicting attractiveness from colour cues is difficult due to the high number of candidate variables and their inherent correlations. Using datasets from Chinese subjects, this study proposed a novel analytic framework for modelling attractiveness from various colour characteristics. One hundred images of real human faces were used in experiments and an extensive set of 65 colour features were extracted. Two separate attractiveness evaluation sets of data were collected through psychophysical experiments in the UK and China as training and testing datasets, respectively. Eight multivariate regression strategies were compared for their predictive accuracy and simplicity. The proposed methodology achieved a comprehensive assessment of diverse facial colour features and their role in attractiveness judgements of real faces; improved the predictive accuracy (the best-fit model achieved an out-of-sample accuracy of 0.66 on a 7-point scale) and significantly mitigated the issue of model overfitting; and effectively simplified the model and identified the most important colour features. It can serve as a useful and repeatable analytic tool for future research on facial impression modelling using high-dimensional datasets.
Adaptive Intervention Algorithms for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Yang Kui , Al Haddad Christelle , Alam Rakibul , Brijs Tom , Antoniou Constantinos
Published: January 2024

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) have recently gained popularity as they assist vehicle operators in staying within safe boundaries, helping them thereby to prevent possible collisions. However, despite their success and development, most ADAS use common and deterministic warning thresholds for all drivers in all driving environments. This may occasionally lead to the issuance of annoying inadequate warnings, due to the possible differences between drivers, the changing environments and driver statuses, thus reducing their acceptance and effectiveness. To fill this gap, this paper proposes adaptive algorithms for commonly used warnings based on real-time traffic environments and driver status including distraction and fatigue. We proposed adaptive algorithms for headway monitoring, illegal overtaking, over-speeding, and fatigue. The algorithms were then tested using a driving simulator. Results showed that the proposed adaptive headway warning algorithm was able to automatically update the headway warning thresholds and that, overall, the proposed algorithms provided the expected warnings. In particular, three or four different warning types were designed to distinguish different risk levels. The designed real-time intervention algorithms can be implemented in ADAS to provide warnings and interventions tailored to the driver status to further ensure driving safety.
The Risks of “Getting High” on Over-the-Counter Drugs during Pregnancy
Authors: Ősz Bianca-Eugenia , Ștefănescu Ruxandra , Sălcudean Andreea , Jîtcă George , Vari Camil-Eugen
Published: January 2024

Easy access to over-the-counter (OTC) drugs makes it possible to procure active substances that normally used in therapeutic doses do not raise health problems. The use of high doses of OTC drugs containing codeine, loperamide, pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine or dimenhydrinate, as well as the use of benzidamine systemically raises concerns regarding the increase in units sold. These drugs are used for recreational or euphorizing purposes, including by young women of childbearing age, psychoactive substance users representing a risk group in terms of the possibility of an unplanned pregnancy. Abusive consumption of OTC products during pregnancy is harmful, with consequences for both fetal and late development that can occur in the infant. This literature review presents the risks (teratogenicity, fetal toxicity, neonatal abstinence syndrome, etc.) associated with the use of potentially psychoactive OTC drugs to emphasize the importance of re-evaluating OTC classification and dispensing.
The Opening of High-Speed Rail and Economic Growth: The Moderating Role of Government Efficiency and Innovation Environment
Authors: Su Mengmeng , Li Zijie , Su Yingying , Chang Mengmeng , Liu Yiding
Published: January 2024

This paper selects the panel data of 297 cities in China from 2003 to 2017 and analyzes the effects of government efficiency and innovation environment on the relationship between high-speed rail opening and economic growth from the perspective of government competition pressure and information flow by using the approach of difference-in-differences (DID). The findings are as follows: first, the opening of high-speed rail has a significant promoting effect on regional economic growth; second, government efficiency has negative impact on the relationship between high-speed rail development and economic growth, while the innovation environment has positive impact on this relationship; third, the moderating effects of government efficiency and innovation environment exhibit regional heterogeneity. This paper provides a new perspective from the perspectives of government competition pressure and information flow for understanding the impact of high-speed rail on the economy, offering insights for promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of the Chinese economy.
Sectoral Assessment of the Energy, Water, Waste and Land Nexus in the Sustainability of Agricultural Products in Cameroon
Authors: Pemi Boris Abeli Pekarou , Njomo Donatien , Tchinda René , Seutche Jean Calvin , Kenfack Armel Zambou , Babikir Mahamat Hassane , Chara-Dackou Venant Sorel
Published: January 2024

To ensure sustainable production and consumption in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to assess the contribution of each element of the nexus in the agricultural production chain. The aim of this study is to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the contributions of each element of the energy, water, waste and land nexus to agricultural products. A composite method approach combining aspects based on an input–output model and location quotient (LQ) as well as competitive position is adopted. A database of nexus elements over a period from 2009 to 2018 is used for Cameroon, with ten regions considered. The results show proportions of around 0.42% energy, 67.88% water withdrawal, 11.91% harvested area and 97.81% waste for agricultural products. The geolocation of harvested areas shows that the largest portion is in the far north (1,373,829 ha) and the smallest is in Adamawa (224,038 ha). Maximum production is in the central region (4,334,095 tons) and the minimum is in the Adamawa region (915,841 tons). The central, littoral and west regions are more representative of agricultural products. The analysis of the competitive position of agricultural products contributes to a better orientation of national strategies for agricultural sustainability according to the existing potentials.
Design of a Misalignment-Tolerant Inductor–Capacitor–Capacitor-Compensated Wireless Charger for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles
Authors: Abdulhameed Mustafa , ElGhanam Eiman , Osman Ahmed H. , Hassan Mohamed S.
Published: January 2024

Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) systems enable electric vehicles (EVs) to receive energy on the move, without stopping at charging stations. Nonetheless, the energy efficiency of DWC systems is affected by the inherent misalignments of the mobile EVs, causing fluctuations in the amount of energy transmitted to the EVs. In this work, a multi-coil secondary-side inductive link (IL) design is proposed with independent double-D (DD) and quadrature coils to reduce the effect of coupling fluctuations on the power received during misalignments. Dual-sided inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC) compensation networks are utilized with power and current control circuits to provide a load-independent, constant current output at different misalignment conditions. The LCC compensation components are tuned to maximize the power transferred at the minimum acceptable coupling point, kmin. This compensates for the leaked energy during misalignments and minimizes variations in the operating frequency during zero-phase angle (ZPA) operation. Simulations reveal an almost constant output power for different lateral misalignment (LTMA) values up to ±200 mm for a 25 kW system, with a power transfer efficiency of 90%. A close correlation between simulation and experimental results is observed.
A Building Information Modeling-Based Life Cycle Assessment of the Embodied Carbon and Environmental Impacts of High-Rise Building Structures: A Case Study
Authors: Ma Lijian , Azari Rahman , Elnimeiri Mahjoub
Published: January 2024

High-rise buildings represent technological, urban, and life-style trends of the modern urban landscape, yet there are limited data regarding their embodied carbon and environmental impacts, particularly when compared to low- or mid-rise buildings. Given that the projected growth of the global urban population by 2050 requires cities with higher density and potentially a greater number of high-rise buildings, it is crucial to develop a clear understanding of the embodied carbon and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings. The primary structural materials used in high-rise buildings are reinforced concrete and structural steel. As of today, over 99% of tall buildings’ structures are built from those two materials. This article utilizes a building information modeling (BIM)-based life cycle assessment (LCA) in Revit and Tally to examine the embodied carbon and environmental impacts of an actual high-rise building structure case study in Chicago that uses a hybrid concrete steel structure. The results show that the embodied carbon and environmental impacts of the high-rise building structure are dominated by the impacts of the product stage in the building’s life cycle and by concrete being the main structural material. Specifically, this study reveals that concrete constitutes a substantial 91% share of the total mass of the building structure, with a 74% contribution to the life cycle global warming potential, 53% to the acidification potential, 74% to the eutrophication potential, 74% to the smog formation potential, and 68% to the non-renewable energy usage. On the other hand, steel accounts for 9% of the building’s structure mass, estimated to constitute 26% of the global warming potential, 47% of the acidification potential, 26% of the eutrophication potential, 26% of the smog formation potential, and 32% of the non-renewable energy usage.
Predicting Concrete Pavement Condition for Sustainable Management: Unveiling the Development of Distresses through Machine Learning
Authors: Jung Donghyuk , Lee Jinhyuk , Baek Cheolmin , An Deoksoon , Yang Sunglin
Published: January 2024

This study presents a machine learning model for predicting representative surface distresses (crack, durability, patching, joint spall) in concrete pavements, focusing on South Korean examples. It thoroughly analyzes specific distress types using time series data to understand their development over time, aiming to surpass traditional regression methods in forecasting pavement conditions. The research fills a gap by applying machine learning algorithms to detailed long-term data, enhancing the accuracy of distress progression predictions, which is crucial for efficient pavement management. A notable aspect of this study is the use of particle filtering, recognized for its effective resampling in analyzing time series data. To validate predictions, we compared the results from particle filtering with those from traditional regression models, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The accuracy varied significantly, with differences ranging from 3.32% to 23.64%, indicating particle filtering’s suitability for time-series-based pavement condition predictions. These findings are especially relevant in the context of current image-based machine learning and AI research in pavement distress detection and prediction. This research offers a comprehensive reference that is especially valuable due to the lack of studies using long-term usage data, thereby making a significant contribution to pavement management research and practice.
Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Global Climate Models (CMIP6) to Predict Potential Soil Erosion Associated with Climate Change in the Talas District, Kazakhstan
Authors: Rakhimova Moldir , Zulpykharov Kanat , Assylbekova Aizhan , Zhengissova Nazym , Taukebayev Omirzhan
Published: January 2024

Changes in precipitation patterns, a fundamental aspect of climate change, can significantly impact soil erosion processes. This article aims to evaluate the current state of soil erosion in the Talas area utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Climate projections for the study were obtained through the CMIP6 Global Climate Model (GCM) and the climatic data were integrated into the RUSLE to simulate potential changes in soil erosion patterns. The mean annual soil erosion rate, observed over the research duration, ranges from 0 to 127 (t y−1). Results indicate that 56.29% of the study area is characterized by a low susceptibility to soil erosion, with an additional 33.56% classified as at moderate risk and 7.36% deemed at high risk of erosion. Furthermore, the evaluation reveals an average increase in precipitation levels compared to the baseline. Models project a rise of 21.4%, 24.2%, and 26.4% by the years 2030, 2050, and 2070, respectively. Concurrently, the study observes a parallel increase in soil loss with precipitation, demonstrating a rise of 34%, 35.5%, and 38.9% for the corresponding time periods. Also, the spatially distributed results show that the southern part of the territory of the Talas region has been impacted by erosion over the past and will also be in the future period. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between climate-induced changes in precipitation and their significant impact on soil erosion. The results provide essential insights for developing targeted soil conservation strategies in the Talas area under evolving climatic conditions.
Promoting Sustainable Fish Consumption in Portuguese 4th-Grade Students
Authors: Silva Ana Rita , Boaventura Diana , Sequeira Vera
Published: January 2024

Consuming fish sustainably means consuming less and better, considering environmental, social, and economic impacts. This demands more knowledge to make informed decisions. In this study, the main goal was to understand how environmental sustainability education can be used as a tool to increase the knowledge and promote sustainable behaviour and consumption habits of 4th-grade students. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the use of two different learning methods, face-to-face and online learning, leading to two different groups of students, and we attempted to measure if the mode of implementing the activities affected the knowledge of the students. A sequential explanatory mixed methodology was applied with a pre-test/post-test design combined with focus group interviews. Between the pre- and post-tests, three activities modules were performed. The results showed that the students were unaware of many aspects related to sustainable fish consumption, but the developed activities significantly increased their knowledge of the subject and impacted students in terms of changing their consumption behaviours. It was also found that the construction of knowledge by the students after the activities was achieved either via face-to-face or online learning. Interviews from the focus group sessions showed that students got to know new fish species, learned about the concept of minimum landing size and closure season and that fish are labelled like other types of food.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Cazzagon Nora , Sarcognato Samantha , Catanzaro Elisa , Bonaiuto Emanuela , Peviani Matteo , Pezzato Francesco , Motta Raffaella
Published: January 2024

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts leading to the formation of multifocal strictures alternated to bile duct dilatations. The diagnosis of the most common subtype of the disease, the large duct PSC, is based on the presence of elevation of cholestatic indices, the association of typical cholangiographic findings assessed by magnetic resonance cholangiography and the exclusion of causes of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver biopsy is not routinely applied for the diagnosis of large duct PSC but is mandatory in the case of suspicion of small duct PSC or overlap with autoimmune hepatitis.
The Role of Major Salivary Gland Ultrasound in the Diagnostic Workup of Sicca Syndrome: A Large Single-Centre Study
Authors: Vallifuoco Giulia , Falsetti Paolo , Bardelli Marco , Conticini Edoardo , Gentileschi Stefano , Baldi Caterina , Al Khayyat Suhel Gabriele , Cantarini Luca , Frediani Bruno
Published: January 2024

(1) Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) in primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), we used the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) scoring system on a large single-centre cohort of patients with sicca syndrome. (2) Method: We retrospectively collected the clinical, imaging and serological data of all the patients referred with a suspicion of SS who underwent SGUS and minor salivary glands biopsy. (3) Results: A total of 132 patients were included. The SGUS scores were correlated between the two sides (p < 0.001). The diagnostic cut-off for SS (AUROC: 0.7408) was 6 for the SGUS-global sum (sensitivity: 32.43%; specificity: 96.84%). The cut-off with the highest specificity for SS diagnosis was 7. In the patients with a final diagnosis of SS, the mean SGUS score was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of the non-SS patients (3.73 vs. 1.32 for the SGUS-global sum). A significant correlation was demonstrated between the SGUS scores and final SS diagnosis (p < 0.001), biopsy positivity (p < 0.001), ANA positivity (p = 0.016), Ro-SSA positivity (p = 0.01), and gland fibrosis (p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: SGUS, using the OMERACT scoring system, has moderate sensitivity and high specificity for the diagnosis of SS. The scoring showed a strong and direct correlation with all the clinical hallmarks of SS diagnosis, such as the positivity of a labial salivary gland biopsy, ANA and Ro-SSA statuses, and salivary gland fibrosis. Because of its high specificity, a SGUS-global score > 6 could be therefore employed for the diagnosis of SS in the case of ANA negativity or the unavailability of a biopsy.
In Vitro Activity of Allium cepa Organosulfur Derivatives against Canine Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Maroto-Tello Alba , Ayllón Tania , Aguinaga-Casañas María Arántzazu , Ariza Juan José , Penelo Silvia , Baños Alberto , Ortiz-Díez Gustavo
Published: January 2024

Background: The increase of multi-resistant bacteria, especially Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, constitutes a challenge in veterinary medicine. The rapid growth of resistance is outpacing antibiotic discovery. Innovative strategies are needed, including the use of natural products like Allium species (Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L.), which have been used empirically for centuries to treat infectious diseases in humans and farm and aquaculture animals due to their antibacterial properties. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of two Allium-derived compounds, propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), against multi-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (n = 30) and Enterobacteriaceae (n = 26) isolated from dogs referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Madrid. Results and Discussion: The results indicated the in vitro efficacy of PTSO/PTS against the tested bacterial strains, and 56.7% of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 53.8% of Enterobacteriaceae showed sensitivity to PTS and PTSO compared with classic antibiotics. In addition, 50% of S. pseudintermedius strains resistant to erythromycin, ibofloxacin, difloxacin and orbifloxacin and 50% of Enterobacteriaceae strains resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline were sensitive to PTS and PTSO. Although studies are needed to verify their efficacy in vivo, the combined use of PTS and PTSO exhibits promise in enhancing bacterial sensitivity against S. pseudintermedius and Enterobacteriaceae infections, providing a first insight into the potential of both compounds in veterinary practice.
A Study of Seating Suspension System Vibration Isolation Using a Hybrid Method of an Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Modelling
Authors: Zhao Yuli , Khayet Mohamed , Wang Xu
Published: January 2024

A reliable prediction model can greatly contribute to the research of car seating system vibration control. The novelty of this paper lies in the development of a hybrid method of an artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) to predict the peak seat-to-head transmissibility ratio of a seating suspension system and to evaluate its ride comfort for different seat design parameters. Additionally, this method can remove the experimental design of the RSM model. In this paper, four seat design parameters are selected as input parameters and arranged using the central composite design method. The peak transmissibility ratio from seat to head at 4 Hz is chosen as the response target output value. To illustrate this hybrid method, the response target output value of the peak transmissibility ratio is calculated from the frequency response of a five-degrees-of-freedom (5-DOF) lumped-parameter biodynamic seating suspension model. The input design parameters and the response target output values are used to train an ANN to establish the relationship between the seat design parameters and the peak transmissibility ratio. At the same time, the input design parameters and the response target output values predicted by the ANN are used to develop the relationship between the seat design parameters and the peak transmissibility ratio using the response surface method and linear regression models. The hybrid of the ANN and response surface methods makes the planning or design of experiments not essential. The hybrid model of the ANN and response surface method is more accurate and convenient than a linear regression model for the study of seating system vibration isolation.
Advancements in Biological Strategies for Controlling Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
Authors: Anabtawi Hassan Mohamad , Lee Woo Hyoung , Al-Anazi Abdulaziz , Mohamed Mohamed Mostafa , Aly Hassan Ashraf
Published: January 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a primary environmental concern, threatening freshwater ecosystems and public health and causing economic damages in the billions of dollars annually. These blooms, predominantly driven by phytoplankton species like cyanobacteria, thrive in nutrient-rich, warm, and low-wind environments. Because of the adverse impacts of HABs, this review examines various control methods, focusing on biological strategies as sustainable solutions. While effective in disrupting algal populations, traditional chemical and physical interventions carry ecological risks and can be resource-intensive. Biological control methods, including biomanipulation and using algicidal microorganisms such as Streptococcus thermophiles, Myxobacteria, and Lopharia spadicea, emerge as eco-friendly alternatives offering long-term benefits. Additionally, barley and rice straw application has demonstrated efficacy in curbing HAB growth. These biological approaches work by inhibiting algal proliferation, disrupting cellular structures, and fostering algal cell aggregation. Despite their advantages over conventional methods, biological controls face challenges, including intricate ecological interactions. This article delves into the latest biological techniques aimed at eradicating HABs, intending to diminish their frequency and reduce toxin levels in aquatic environments. While most research to date has been confined to laboratory settings, scaling these methods to field applications presents hurdles due to the variability and complexity of natural ecosystems. The review underscores the need for further research and development in this critical area of environmental science.
Scour Effect on the Lateral Bearing Behaviour of Monopiles Considering Different Slenderness Ratios
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Xinquan , Gavin Kenneth , Jiang Shengxiang , Diao Hongguo , Wang Mingyuan , Wang Kangyu
Published: January 2024

Scour leads to the loss of soil around monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines, which affects their structural safety. In this paper, the effect of scour on the lateral behaviour of monopiles was extensively investigated using finite element analysis, and calibration and comparison were undertaken using centrifuge tests. Piles with three slenderness ratios, i.e., 3, 5 and 8, were studied by keeping the diameter constant and varying the embedment length. Three scour types (local narrow, local wide and global) and four scour depths (0.5D, 1D, 1.5D and 2D; D signifies the pile diameter) were considered in this investigation. The results indicate that the lateral resistance of the pile is the greatest in the case of local narrow scour, followed by that in the cases of local wide scour and global scour. When the scour depth is larger than 1D, the influence of the scour type on the pile lateral bearing behaviour is insignificant. The influence of the scour type and scour depth on the pile lateral bearing behaviour is broadly similar for piles with slenderness ratios of 3, 5 and 8. However, the piles featured with smaller embedment lengths show a larger decrease rate in their lateral capacity, which means the effect of scour should cause more concern on small slenderness ratio monopiles.
Laboratory Assessment for Determining Microplastics in Freshwater Systems—Characterization and Identification along the Somesul Mic River
Authors: Gheorghe Stefania , Stoica Catalina , Harabagiu Anca Maria , Neidoni Dorian-Gabriel , Mighiu Emanuel Daniel , Bumbac Costel , Ionescu Ioana Alexandra , Pantazi Aida , Enache Laura-Bianca , Enachescu Marius
Published: January 2024

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a persisting problem over the last decades and is a critical issue for environmental protection and human health. In this context, scientific data able to reveal MPs presence and improve the characterization and identification of this pollution via different systems are valuable. The aim of this paper is to assess available techniques for determining MPs in real freshwater samples and subsequently to highlight the occurrence and type of MPs in the study case area (Somesul Mic River). The MPs sampling was performed from fresh water and sediment using planktonic nets and sieves with different mesh sizes (from 20 to 500 µm). Using both classical microscopic techniques as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), large (1–5 mm) and small (1 µm to 1 mm) MPs were observed in the shape of fibers, fragments, foam, foils and spheres in various colors (red, green, blue, purple, pink, white, black, transparent, and opaque). Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic methods were used for MPs identification. The presence of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) was registered for all sampling points. The MPs laboratory investigations have raised some issues regarding the identification of MPs particles smaller than 500 µm, these being characterized especially under microscope. Some small MPs particles were identified using micro-Raman spectroscopy that highlighted the same type of polymers. No differences were registered between the sampling points due to the widespread presence of MPs. The sediment samples presented a greater abundance as compared to the water samples. Overall, it is necessary to continue the optimization of MPs separation protocol and identification according to the complexity of samples, mainly due to the limitation and lack of spectral databases.
KOMPETENSI LITERASI DATA DAN INFORMASI MEDIA SOSIAL APARATUR PEMERINTAH DESA CIBURIAL DAN KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT INFORMASI
Authors: Windyaningrum Rachmawati
Published: January 2024

Desa Ciburial mengembangkan sistem informasi melalui media sosial sebagai media penyebaran informasi desa. Media sosial yang aktif dikelola Desa Ciburial terdiri dari Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Youtube, dan Pinterest. Pengelolaan informasi di media sosial membawa Desa Ciburial sebagai peraih Juara Pertama Pengelolaan Media Sosial Terbaik Se-Jawa Barat pada ajang Jabar Juara Award tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kompetensi literasi data dan informasi aparatur pemerintah desa ciburial dan kelompok masyarakat informasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data secara primer dilakukan melalui observasi non partisipan, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion, sedangkan data sekunder didapatkan melalui studi literatur buku, jurnal, arsip atau dokumen pemerintah desa, serta pencarian internet. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah model Miles dan Huberman serta triangulasi data dilakukan dengan triangualasi data, sumber dan waktu sebagai teknik keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kompetensi literasi data ditunjukkan pada keahlian ASN dan Kelompok masyarakat Informasi Desa Ciburial dalam mengaktifkan media sosial sebagai penunjang perluasan penyebaran informasi desa. Kebutuhan informasi disesuaikan dengan keperluan masyarakat yakni kegiatan desa dan potensi desa sebagai desa wisata. Evaluasi yang dilakukan adalah mengevaluasi keaktifan masyarakat dalam mengakses Instagram, karena masih banyak masyarakat yang belum sepenuhnya mengakses media sosial.

 

Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Literasi, Media Sosial, Instagram
MENATA KEMBALI PRINSIP RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA: SEBUAH GAGASAN MENCAPAI IDEALITAS
Authors: Arsyad Yusna , M. Wantu Fence , Ismail Dian Ekawaty
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to provide a conceptualization of restorative justice principles in Indonesia's criminal justice system; and second, to examine the problematic application of these concepts in that system. Normative legal research, specifically the statutory technique and the conceptual approach, are utilized in this study piece. On top of that, the processed legal materials were analyzed using a qualitative analytical method that relies on interpretation. According to this study's findings, the judicial subsystem in Indonesia, which includes the police, the prosecutor's office, and the Supreme Court, has started to implement the notion of restorative justice. Due to the lack of a legislation governing the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia, institutional or partial rules and guidelines continue to be used when discussing its application. This brings up the issue of sub-system authority imbalance in the criminal justice system, as well as the lack of consistent guidelines for each sub-system to apply restorative justice. As a result, the various proportional institutions within each sub-system face legal uncertainty. Thus, in order to establish legal clarity on the implementation of restorative justice, Indonesia has to enact legislation that specifically addresses this concept, known as RKUHAP.
Aider les femmes à se déterminer selon leurs propres directions
Authors:   Accueil et Promotion des Étrangers (APE)
Published: January 2024

Les formatrices de l'APE ont essayé en 1975 de faire le point sur les grandes lignes de leur activité afin de les remettre éventuellement en question. Elles nous livrent leurs réflexions.
Après l’école, que faire ?
Authors: Pasquier J.
Published: January 2024

Trois possibilités se présentent au jeune qui termine un cycle scolaire et qui atteint l’âge de fin de scolarité obligatoire : poursuivre ses études sous certaines conditions, chercher du travail s’il termine ses études avec un diplôme de l’enseignement technologique en poche ou du moins le niveau équivalent ou suivre un stage de formation lui permettant d’acquérir un minimum de formation professionnelle afin de s’insérer sur le marché du travail.
Faire connaître les problèmes par le théâtre
Authors: Charlot Martine
Published: January 2024

La cité des Néfliers est loin du centre de Montreuil-sous-Bois (93). Aucun environnement social dans les parages. Elle compte 150 familles dont moitié d’immigrés, mais 70 % des jeunes de moins de seize ans sont d’origine étrangère. La population s’est compartimentée d’elle-même en trois catégories : celle des immigrés -et des Français -qui partagent les mêmes conditions de vie et de travail que les immigrés - celle des foyers mixtes - celle des Français qui cherchent à se distinguer des immigrés et refusent de frayer avec eux. Ces catégories se retrouvent au niveau des groupes d’adolescents. Il y a un groupe de jeunes étrangers, parmi lesquels quelques Français ; et un groupe de Français avec des activités distinctes. Le premier groupe trouve asile dans le local-appartement, loué par l’Association Solidarité Français Migrants depuis plusieurs années, mais ils disposent, en plus, d’un autre F2 où des lycéens font leur travail scolaire le soir, et où se déroulent les répétitions théâtrales, et les activités de libre expression.
Situation administrative des jeunes étrangers à partir de l’âge de 16 ans
Authors: Planche Anne ,   CNDP Migrants
Published: January 2024

Pour vivre en France avant 16 ans, l’enfant étranger doit seulement pouvoir justifier de son identité. Mais à l’âge de 16 ans, il doit «se mettre en règle», c’est à dire montrer un titre de séjour pour résider en France. S’il veut travailler, il lui faut obtenir un titre de travail.

Avant d’entrer dans les détails d’une règlementation complexe et changeante, il convient de caractériser l’esprit général de cette règlementation puis d’attirer l’attention sur un certain nombre de précautions à prendre.

Caractéristiques de la règlementation

Aucune législation générale ne définit le statut du jeune immigré. En effet :
Des femmes immigrées écrivent un recueil de contes
Authors: Patte Véronique
Published: January 2024

Au cours de l’année 1977-1978, j’ai travaillé dans la banlieue parisienne, à Genevilliers, pour un organisme qui assurait des cours auprès des femmes immigrées. En février, j’ai fait la connaissance des institutrices de classes maternelles des enfants de nos stagiaires. Elles déploraient leur manque de contacts avec les mères, et en cas de contacts, les obstacles linguistiques. Les femmes regardaient à peine ce que les enfants avaient fait, disaient en souriant « oui, oui » et repartaient. En accord avec les institutrices, j’ai proposé aux femmes d’écrire un petit recueil de contes de leurs pays que nous ferions ronéoter ou photocopier et que nous distribuerions dans les écoles du quartier. Les institutrices pourraient ainsi raconter des histoires d’Afrique du Nord ou d’Afrique Noire aux enfants français qui entendraient parler un peu d’autre chose que de la France. Quant aux enfants immigrés, ils apprécieraient sans doute que la maîtresse parle de leur culture pendant la classe, qu’elle raconte des histoires que peut-être ils connaîtraient déjà, et qui les transformeraient dans la classe en pôles d’attraction. L’école est un des principaux lieux où les femmes immigrées ont un contact direct avec la société française, et les enfants sont un de leurs principaux centres d’intérêt. Il me semblait intéressant de les toucher par ce biais pour les mettre en relation avec la société et avec une institution essentielle dans une relation où elles auraient un rôle positif, où elles seraient celles qui apportent quelque chose et quelque chose qui leur est propre. Je voyais là une façon de les intéresser à l’école, dont elles se sentaient exclues, et de s’y intéresser pour avoir leur mot à dire, en tant que mères d’enfants immigrés.
Des relations entre élèves en milieu ethnicisé en LP tertiaire
Authors: Alamartine Françoise
Published: January 2024

On sait peu de choses sur la genèse et le développement des croyances ethniques chez les enfants (le fait de s’identifier soi-même et d’identifier les autres par une origine supposée) et sur les incidences que ces croyances ont dans les relations verbales et non verbales entre enfants et jeunes dans l’espace scolaire et ailleurs, dans leur sociabilité, dans leurs conflits. Mais il est clair que l’agressivité entre élèves peut avoir une dimension ethnique. Il serait utile de faire le point sur ces aspects importants de la vie juvénile. Plus généralement, il faudrait interroger les effets de la position «minoritaire» (telle qu’elle est vécue aujourd’hui) sur les conduites collectives des jeunes issus de l’immigration vis-à-vis de leurs pairs «majoritaires», et réciproquement. Quels sont les facteurs (scolaires ou non) qui favorisent l’amitié interethnique et ceux qui, au contraire, la rendent improbable ? Quel est l’impact sur ces relations des événements nationaux ou internationaux ?
La formation des divisions (classes) en collège au risque de la discrimination. Une année scolaire dans un collège difficile : analyse d’un échec
Authors: Blanc Eugène
Published: January 2024

La formation des divisions en collège est un acte administratif hautement complexe, qui ne doit pas tout au hasard ou aux choix d’options des familles, surtout dans les établissements qui recrutent un public socialement clivé. L’enquête sociologique montre que les équipes administratives en charge de ce travail, prises dans des contraintes contradictoires, peuvent en venir à valider tacitement les distinctions ethniques qui prévalent dans les représentations sociales, dans l’espoir de préserver l’ordre général, de conserver des publics aisés, etc. Mais, ce faisant, elles s’exposent à rendre certaines classes très difficiles à gérer, à aigrir le climat relationnel à l’intérieur du collège et peut-être, de fil en aiguille, à induire les effets pervers qu’elles voulaient prévenir. Peut-on échapper à la contradiction entre discrimination et départ des familles aisées ? Quelles solutions alternatives sont tentées ? Dans quelle mesure et dans quelles circonstances apportent-elles satisfaction ? Dans quelle mesure génèrent-elles d’autres problèmes ?
Septembre 2007. De « communauté» à « communautarisme »
Authors: Mayol Pierre
Published: January 2024

En France, autant le mot « communauté » a la cote, autant celui de « communautarisme » est mal vu. On trouvera dans les ouvrages spécialisés l’histoire des deux mots. Un parcours sémantique est l’étape préalable de toute interprétation sociale, politique ou philosophique. Que voulons-nous dire quand nous employons ces mots ? Que dit l’étymologie ?
Une académie se mobilise contre les discriminations
Authors: Ukropina Laurence
Published: January 2024

Présenter l'action de l'académie de Nancy-Metz en faveur de la lutte contre les discriminations, c'est parler de ce couple qui semblait impensable : l'école et la discrimination. Impensable car occulté en raison d'une vision de l'école perçue comme un « sanctuaire républicain » et tout au plus victime de processus extérieurs qui parviendraient, dans des cas marginaux et récents, à pénétrer son enceinte.
Juin 1994. École du quartier ou école dans le quartier ? Violence et limites de l'école
Authors: Debarbieux Eric
Published: January 2024

Une enquête approfondie menée auprès de 60 établissements fait apparaître que la violence en milieu scolaire n'est pas essentiellement violence délinquante et exogène, mais surtout violence des élèves entre eux ou violence de l'affrontement pédagogique à l'intérieur du champ clos de la classe. L'inscription de la violence dans le local développe le repli sur soi et les cloisons internes. Au-delà du débat ouverture-fermeture, toute stratégie de lutte contre la violence, cette transgression des limites, doit clairement poser ces limites.
Mars 1979 : La plus isolée, la femme turque
Authors: Charlot Martine
Published: January 2024

L’article ci-dessous a été rédigé à partir d’informations fournies par des assistantes sociales, par Mme Guzine Dino, chargée des émissions pour les travailleurs turcs à Radio-France internationale (RFI) et par Asuman Ulusan, étudiante.
Mars 1979 : Une immigration très jeune, celle des Africaines noires
Authors: Doucouré Gaharo , Doucouré Aïssata
Published: January 2024

L’immigration des femmes africaines noires en France était encore insignifiante en 1975. Depuis, elle connaît un accroissement très rapide qui est dû à un ensemble de circonstances que nous allons évoquer.
Décembre 1981 : Les actions socio-éducatives à l'intention des femmes immigrées
Authors:   Direction de la population et des migrations (DPM)
Published: January 2024

Si la population immigrée est, dans sa majorité, composée d’hommes, la place qu’y occupent les femmes est cependant considérable. Selon le dernier recensement, quarante pour cent des étrangers installés en France étaient des femmes.
Octobre 1983 : Les jeunes filles d'origine étrangère
Authors: Taboada-Leonetti Isabelle
Published: January 2024

Depuis quelques années la population féminine au sein de l’immigration a sensiblement évolué. Conséquence de la fermeture de l’immigration depuis 1973 et de la relative restriction de l’immigration familiale, le nombre de nouvelles arrivantes tend à diminuer. Par ailleurs, le taux élevé de natalité, notamment chez les femmes maghrébines, conduit à une augmentation de la population des moins de 25 ans. Dans l’ensemble donc, la population de jeunes filles représente aujourd’hui une part importante de la population féminine étrangère, et cette part tend à s’accroître. Ces jeunes, élevées ou nées en France, et qui ne sont pas à proprement parler des immigrées elles-mêmes, relèvent d’une problématique bien différente de celle de leurs aînées.
Mars 1989 : La mère et le jeune enfant africains dans l'immigration
Authors: Godian Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Un animateur africain, ethnologue de formation, parle des difficultés de la femme africaine en France et évoque des questions concrètes liées l’éducation des jeunes enfants dans l’immigration : massages, portage, alimentation, etc.