bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra- and interobserver reliability of ocular surface analyzer LacryDiag®
Authors: Kos Eva ,   University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia, Bušić Mladen , Bjeloš Mirjana , Miletić Daliborka , Elabjer Biljana Kuzmanović ,   University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia,   University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia,   University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia,   University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
Published: July 2024

AIM: To invastigate intra- and interobserver reliability of interferometry, tear meniscus height (TMH) measurement and meibography (MBG) of an ocular surface analyzer, LacryDiag (Quantel Medical, France).
METHODS: Five consecutive measurements and subsequent analysis of interferometry, TMH, and MBG were recorded by two examiners using the LacryDiag. To assess intra- and interobserver reliability, we used Cohen’s kappa for categorical variables (interferometry), or intraclass correlation coefficient for continuous variables (TMH, MBG).
RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 30 examinees were included. For both observers, there was excellent intraobserver reliability for MBG (0.955 and 0.970 for observer 1 and 2, respectively). Intraobserver reliability for observer 1 was substantial for interferometry (0.799), and excellent for TMH (0.863). Reliability for observer 2 was moderate for interferometry (0.535) and fair to good for TMH (0.431). Interobserver reliability was poor for interferometry (0.074) and fair to good for TMH (0.680) and MBG (0.414).
CONCLUSION: LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer in our study proves to be a reliable noninvasive tool for the evaluation of TMH and MBG. As for interferometry, poor interobserver reliability, fair to good intraobserver reliability for observer 1, and moderate for observer 2, leave room for improvement.
Differential distribution of fibrovascular proliferative membranes in 25-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lu Nan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China, Guo Shuo , Yang Dong-Ni , Liu Li , Fan Chun-Hui , Guo Ying , Liu Jian , Zhao Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China,   School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
Published: July 2024

AIM: To analyze the distribution of fibrovascular proliferative membranes (FVPMs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients that treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and to evaluate the outcomes separately.
METHODS: This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Consecutive 25-gauge (25-G) PPV cases operated for PDR from May 2018 to April 2020. According to the FVPMs images outlined after operations, subjects were assigned into three groups: arcade type group, juxtapapillary type group, and central type group. All patients were followed up for over one year. General characteristics, operation-related variables, postoperative parameters and complications were recorded.
RESULTS: Among 103 eyes recruited, the FVPMs distribution of nasotemporal and inferiosuperioral was significantly different (both P<0.01), with 95 (92.23%) FVPMs located in the nasal quadrants, and 74 (71.84%) in the inferior. The eyes with a central FVPM required the longest operation time, with silicon oil used in most patients, generally combined with tractional retinal detachment (RD) and rhegmatogenous RD, the worst postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the highest rates of recurrent RD (all P<0.05). FVPM type, age of onset diabetes mellitus, preoperative BCVA, and combined with tractional RD and rhegmatogenous RD were significantly associated with BCVA improvement (all P<0.05). Compared with the central type group, the arcade type group had higher rates of BCVA improvement.
CONCLUSION: FVPMs are more commonly found in the nasal and inferior mid-peripheral retina in addition to the area of arcade vessels. Performing 25-G PPV for treating PDR eyes with central FVPM have relatively worse prognosis.
Exogenous testosterone therapy on choroid in androgen deficiency
Authors: Yeter Volkan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey, Kalyoncu Merve , Aşçi Ramazan , Aritürk Nurşen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey,   Department of Urology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
Published: July 2024

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous testosterone treatment on the choroidal parameters in patients with androgen deficiency.
METHODS: Right eyes of 24 patients with androgen deficiency and 31 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The eyes were scanned for subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choroid-stromal area (C-SA), choroid-luminal area (C-LA), choroid-stromal to luminal area ratio (CSLR), and the choroidal parameters within central 1500 µm of the macula (CVI1500, C-LA1500, C-SA1500, and CSLR1500) by enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) at baseline, 6th and 18th weeks of the exogenous testosterone treatment.
RESULTS: The mean SFCT values of the androgen deficient groups and healthy controls were 307.7±27.0 and 303.2±37.2 µm (P=0.8). However, CVI, C-SA, CSLR, CVI1500, C-LA1500, and CSLR1500 were significantly different between the groups (all P<0.01). At the 6th week visit after exogenous testosterone treatment, SFCT, CVI, C-LA, and C-SA were significantly decreased, and these parameters returned to baseline levels at the 18th-week visit (all P>0.05). However, CVI1500 and LA1500 significantly increased at the end of the follow-up period (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: CVI is lower in androgen-deficient patients than in healthy subjects. The alterations in the choroid during the testosterone peak are transient in the treatment of patients with androgen deficiency. However, the increase in CVI within the central 1500 µm of the macula persists even after 4mo.
NLRP3 and autophagy in retinal ganglion cell inflammation in age-related macular degeneration: potential therapeutic implications
Authors: Wang Xiao-Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China, Yuan Qiong-Zhen , Zhang Ming ,   Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
Published: July 2024

Retinal degenerative diseases were a large group of diseases characterized by the primary death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Recent studies had shown an interaction between autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, which may affect RGCs in retinal degenerative diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome was a protein complex that, upon activation, produces caspase-1, mediating the apoptosis of retinal cells and promoting the occurrence and development of retinal degenerative diseases. Upregulated autophagy could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while inhibited autophagy can promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which leaded to the accelerated emergence of drusen and lipofuscin deposition under the neurosensory retina. The activated NLRP3 inflammasome could further inhibit autophagy, thus forming a vicious cycle that accelerated the damage and death of RGCs. This review discussed the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy and its effects on RGCs in age-related macular degeneration, providing a new perspective and direction for the treatment of retinal diseases.
Research of the accuracy and efficiency of typical structures using wave shell finite element models
Authors: Shchemelev Vadim I. , Matveev Pavel
Published: July 2024

Research of the accuracy of wave shell finite element models was carried out. The results were compared with the results of analytical calculations. According to the research results, for all considered vibration modes of standard structures, the discrepancy in the values of natural frequencies does not exceed 5%.
Influence of worn on flow characteristics of aircraft engine labyrinth seals
Authors: Matveev Andrey A. , Tisarev Andrey Yu. , Falaleev Sergey V. , Mironova Kseniya A.
Published: July 2024

Labyrinth seals are currently the most common type of sealant in aircraft engines. The article proposes an approach to take into account the value of their cutting into the stator part when determining the air flow rate. The comparison of the results of calculation of characteristics of labyrinth seals taking into account cutting of seal combs into the stator part with the use of semi-empirical and numerical models is carried out. The nature of the change in air flow through the seal is revealed when the geometric parameters of the grooves in the stator part change as a result of wear of the actuated coating when the ridge of the labyrinth seal is inserted. The most effective semi-empirical models for calculating the characteristics of such seals for various wear patterns and gap sizes are proposed, as well as recommendations for their modernization to improve the accuracy of calculations.
Study of a damper based on a multilayer magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Tabakaev Vladimir S. , Bazinenkov Aleksei M. , Tuzhba Grigorii B. , Shagimuratova Alina K.
Published: July 2024

The research presented in the work focuses on a damper that utilizes an "intelligent" material called multilayer magnetorheological elastomer. These devices are of interest due to their ability to adjust the elastic properties, size, and shape of the working body by manipulating the external magnetic field. They also have a high load capacity. The effectiveness of the damper's vibration isolation is determined by its design, manufacturing technology, and the composition of the multilayer magnetorheological elastomer. The mechanical and magnetic hysteresis of the device allows for evaluating the controllability of the damper and its ability to absorb vibrations. Research results indicate the presence of a symmetric and narrow hysteresis loop, not exceeding 7 μm, within the operating range of control currents.
Reflexões sobre a prática: Sistemas de Informação em Saúde como ferramentas possíveis para a gestão e o planejamento no campo da atenção psicossocial
Authors: Ferreira Fernandes Bruna Fernanda , Menezes Maciel Travassos Leilane
Published: July 2024

Os Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (SIS) são ferramentas de apoio à gestão, planejamento, monitoramento e avaliação no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo aproximar os dados e informações em saúde presentes nos SIS com o campo da saúde mental e atenção psicossocial. Descrição da Experiência: Trata-se de um relato de experiência que buscou construir, a partir das atividades de trabalho na Residência em Saúde Coletiva (RMSC/ESP-PB), um quadro síntese para demonstrar as possibilidades de acesso que os SIS oferecem diante da temática, em convergência com os cenários de prática da RMSC. A partir da discussão, observou-se que os SIS trazem dados que podem subsidiar aspectos importantes no campo da saúde mental e atenção psicossocial, o que pode auxiliar gestores, profissionais da assistência e o controle social na construção da análise da situação de saúde e indicadores de saúde. Conclusão: Em conclusão, os SIS por si só não alcançam a complexidade histórica, social, ética e subjetiva dos processos de saúde-doença-cuidado para saúde mental e atenção psicossocial, porém expressam as intencionalidades, racionalidades e contradições do próprio campo e do SUS.
Palavras-chave: Sistemas de Informação em Saúde; Atenção Psicossocial; Planejamento em Saúde.
Biodegradación de polietileno de baja densidad en suelo con hongos del género Aspergillus sp.
Authors: Flórez Córdoba Marcela , Correa Álvarez Melissa , Hidalgo López Santiago , Granda Ramírez Fidel , Osorno Bedoya Laura
Published: July 2024

Los plásticos constituyen uno de los principales problemas de contaminación ambiental por su manejo y disposición inadecuada, generando así amenazas e impactos negativos en el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la biodegradabilidad de polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE) con hongos del género Aspergillus sp., en suelo, durante dos periodos de tiempo (30 y 60 días) y dos calibres (0,45 mm y 0,90 mm). Las cepas usadas fueron Aspergillus níger, Aspergillus fumigatus y Aspergillus flavus, de manera individual y combinada, a una concentración de 1x107 esporas/mL, inoculando en macetas con 100 g de suelo estéril y muestras de LDPE de 4 cm2 y 25 cm2, según diseño experimental. Los resultados revelaron que la mayor degradación del LDPE se alcanzó con el calibre de 0,45 mm y una muestra de 25 cm2, cuando se empleó el consorcio de los tres hongos, obteniendo una tasa de degradación del 18,45 %, en comparación con la muestra de 4 cm2, la cual registró un valor de 16,10 % de degradación, ambas en 60 días. En el caso del calibre de 0,90 mm y una muestra de 25 cm2, el mismo consorcio de A. niger + A. fumigatus + A. flavus demostró la máxima degradación con un valor del 0,34 % en 60 días. Por lo anterior, los hongos del género Aspergillus sp. muestran un potencial para degradar plásticos en suelo, y son una alternativa biotecnológica que puede contrarrestar el efecto medioambiental producido por el inadecuado manejo de los residuos plásticos.
Editorial
Authors: Patiño Barragán Martha Jeaneth
Published: July 2024

Este número de la revista Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina está dedicado especialmente a presentar resultados de investigaciones que aportan soluciones e innovaciones metodológicas, procesuales, experimentales y tecnológicas a las discusiones más recientes relacionadas con problemáticas medioambientales.
Astrocitos: acción e interacción en el Sistema Nervioso
Authors: Padilla Gil Dora Nancy
Published: July 2024

Los astrocitos, junto con los oligodendrocitos, y microglía hacen parte del tejido de neuroglia acompañante de las neuronas. Debido a la importancia y avances en esta área se plantea esta revisión bibliográfica, la cual se llevó a cabo a través de la búsqueda de “astrocitos” en revistas relacionadas con neurociencias a nivel celular y molecular como “Glia, Cells, Neuron”, de los últimos cinco años (2018-2023), con el fin de recopilar la información sobre estructura y función de estas células gliales. Se reseña la evolución de la glía, los tipos de astrocitos y la estructura y función de los astrocitos. Los astrocitos interactúan con otras células y con los sistemas circulatorio, inmune y neuroendocrino; son fundamentales para el metabolismo, sinaptogénesis, neurogénesis, neuroplasticidad y neuroprotección.
Malaria autóctona: caso clínico
Authors: Cortés Jiménez Lady Tatiana , Rivera Perdomo Camilo Andrés , Velandia Duván Felipe , García Agudelo Lorena , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La malaria o paludismo es una infección parasitaria frecuente en las regiones tropicales del mundo, donde anualmente se infectan entre 300 y 500 millones de personas, siendo responsable de 1,5 a 2,7 millones de muertes al año. Hoy en día es considerada un problema de salud pública grave por las condiciones que facilitan la reproducción y transmisión del parásito Plasmodium. Objetivo: El objetivo del manuscrito es presentar el caso de un paciente con malaria autóctona. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 33 años, quien consultó por cuadro clínico de doce días de evolución consistente en cefalea frontal de alta intensidad tipo pulsátil, asociado a mialgias, artralgias, picos febriles no cuantificados, escalofríos, diaforesis e inapetencia. El examen físico sin evidencia de alteraciones. Sin embargo, los exámenes mostraban leucopenia con trombocitopenia moderada y asimismo se observaron en el frotis de sangre periférica glóbulos rojos parasitados con Plasmodium spp, lo cual se confirmó mediante el estudio de gota gruesa positivo para Plasmodium falciparum (recuento de 80 trofozoitos/ul sangre). Se dio manejo con arteméter+lumefantrina y primaquina. Una vez finalizado el tratamiento, la paciente asistió nuevamente a consulta con gota gruesa de control negativo para hemoparásitos, refiriendo adecuado control clínico de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: La malaria autóctona es definida como un caso presentado en áreas sin transmisión previa, donde se debe evaluar a los residentes que tuvieron contacto con el caso y que presenten síntomas, así como estudiar los posibles vectores.
Unveiling the relationship: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction as an Overlooked Factor in Lumbar Back Pain
Authors: Valerio Pascua Jose E. , Santiago Rea Noe , Fernandez Gomez Maria P. , Maraone Garzaro Andrea V. , Alvarez-Pinzon Andres M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a crucial connection found between the sacrum and ilium. It plays a vital role in transferring forces during physical activity, such as running. Its biomechanical function is crucial for ensuring stability, as it is supported by ligaments and pelvic floor muscles that work together to ensure this for individuals. However, SIJ dysfunction can be linked to lower back pain, which is a condition that affects around 70-85% of Western society. Causes: SIJ dysfunction originates from various factors, such as abnormal motion or malalignment.  These conditions can arise from multiple causes: arthritis, trauma, or nontypical gait patterns. Diagnosis: Physical examinations are included in the diagnosis of SIJ dysfunction. They are called FABER, compression, distraction, thigh thrust, and Gaenslen. Three provocative test results are oftentimes required for a diagnosis. Other methods of diagnosis are also used, like X-rays, MRIs, and joint injections. Misdiagnosis: Nevertheless, although multiple methods exist to diagnose SIJ dysfunction, it is very commonly misdiagnosed. This is because the condition mimics symptoms of other conditions, and its etiology is overlooked. Treatment: When diagnosed, SIJ dysfunction can be treated through a range of measures. Either conservative treatments can be done, like physical therapy and NSAIDs, or more invasive procedures, such as surgical interventions, can be used to treat SIJ dysfunction. Conclusion: SIJ dysfunction is a prevalent, misdiagnosed condition that affects many individuals. This review highlights the importance of raising awareness among the public and clinicians to ensure an accurate diagnosis and treatment is given to patients.
Chemical activation influence on the electrochemical and structural characteristics of the metal hydride electrode
Authors: Savina E. E. ,   JSC NIIHIT Experimental Plant, Stepanov A. N. , Abdullaev K. F. , Kazarinov I. A. , Golikova N. Y. , Protasov E. N. ,   Saratov State University,   Saratov State University,   Saratov State University,   JSC NIIHIT Experimental Plant,   JSC NIIHIT Experimental Plant
Published: July 2024

A way of preliminary chemical activation of the MH electrode has been developed. A breadboard model of the battery with chemically activated MH electrodes was assembled and tested. The influence of preliminary chemical activation on the electrochemical and structural characteristics of the MH electrode was studied. The opportunity to exclude the technological operation of addition of metal binding materials into the active mass of the MH electrode is shown.
The influence of different factors on thermal balance in lead-acid battery
Authors: Kamenev Y. B. ,   Scientific and Technological Center of JSC Elektrotyaga, Kiselevich A. V. , Leonov V. N. ,   Scientific and Technological Center of JSC Elektrotyaga,   Scientific and Technological Center of JSC Elektrotyaga
Published: July 2024

The work procedure on thermal balance evaluation in lead-acid battery.
Analysis of Ni-Cd battery efficiency charged with asymmetric and direct current
Authors: Smetankin G. P. ,   All-Russian Research and Design Institute of an Elektrovozostroyeniye (JSC VELNII), Burdyugov A. S. , Matekin S. S. ,   All-Russian Research and Design Institute of an Elektrovozostroyeniye (JSC VELNII),   All-Russian Research and Design Institute of an Elektrovozostroyeniye (JSC VELNII)
Published: July 2024

Using graphs of voltage change on the battery charged with direct and asymmetric current and of corresponding discharges we find this mathematical descriptions, energy consumption for charging and quantity of energy for discharge are specified by integration; comparative characteristics of charge efficiency are specified.
Making Magnetism
Authors: Trivedi Nripesh
Published: July 2024

The objective of this paper is making magnetism. Magnetism is a force [1], thus it behaves like a vector. Vector is a quantity that has magnitude and direction [2].  Therefore, two magnetic forces add by rules of vector addition [3].  Thus, two magnetic forces could be added as vectors. Vectors add by similarity of direction as described in [3].
A Multilevel Analysis of Factors Influencing Bullying Victimization at School among Indonesian Students with Binary Outcome
Authors: Luthfi Zalfa Jihan , Kismiantini
Published: July 2024

Bullying is an aggressive act toward someone who cannot defend themselves. Students who experience bullying victimization are treated badly by their friends, such as by being teased, ostracized, or kicked. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influencing factors of students being bullied among Indonesian students. The data used is secondary data from the 2022 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for Indonesia, with a sample comprised of 11,479 students from 403 schools. Data analysis uses a multilevel model with a binary response because the data is hierarchically structured, and the response variable is binary. The results show that male students, who have missed school, are late for school, repeat a grade, have low grade levels, low teacher support, low discipline, rural schools, and those with small class sizes will have a higher chance of experiencing bullying victimization more often. Overall, this study helps explain the influencing factors of students being bullied so that these factors can be given more attention to improving school policies.
La tercerca investigación del Jesús histórico y sus agendas: fase metacrítica de la investigación
Authors: Hernández Valencia Juan Sebastián ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Gómez Erazo Manuel David
Published: July 2024

El problema que se aborda en el artículo es el cambio en la orientación epistemológica de la tercera investigación del Jesús histórico. Este análisis supone una contribución importante a la historia de la investigación de la “Third Quest” y su crítica de la ideología. Para ello se analizaron las siete tendencias más relevantes de la actual fase de esta tercera búsqueda, como la “No Quest”, la “New Quest”, la “Fourth Quest”, y la “Jesus-Memory-Approach”, entre otras, así como la crítica a los resultados y la historia de la investigación del Jesús histórico. Pero esta pluralidad y profundidad radical tiene la desventaja de presentarse como caos. El objetivo principal que busca el artículo consiste en comprender la tendencia que opera desde la consciencia metacrítica en su diverso cúmulo de resultados, aproximaciones y críticas a las agendas teológicas de la investigación. El marco conceptual en el que se enfoca el análisis lo proporcionan las teorías y conceptos de las siete principales líneas de investigación actuales ya nombradas. En especial, en la crítica a los modelos interpretativos usados hasta ahora, como los criterios de historicidad. A este marco lo acompaña una metodología de revisión de las principales tesis y exponentes de cada de las tendencias emergentes en la nueva fase metacrítica de la búsqueda, para, luego, presentar una visión crítica del conjunto de esta fase de reorientación epistemológica de la investigación. Entre otras conclusiones, se expone la comprensión de los modelos epistemológicos que operan en la investigación y sus nuevas tipologías de estudio.
Enfoque discursivo al principio de no intervención en asuntos internos de otros países: análisis a las publicaciones de Gustavo Petro en Twitter (X) sobre política internacional
Authors: Santamaria-Velasco Freddy ,   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Ramírez-Vallejo Dora A. , Galvis Trujillo Luis Hernando ,   Universidad EAFIT,   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
Published: July 2024

Las redes sociales son usadas por líderes políticos para comunicarse directamente con el público nacional e internacional, sin intermediación de los medios de comunicación tradicionales. No obstante, el debate está abierto sobre el uso de Twitter por parte de los jefes de Estado para comentar acerca de temas distintos a sus acciones de gobierno, como intervenir en asuntos internos de otros países. Este es el caso de Gustavo Petro, quien utiliza Twitter para acompañar su debate político. Algunos de esos tuits han generado polémica, pues han sido calificados como intervencionistas en asuntos internos de Estados soberanos. Precisamente, esta investigación analiza los tuits publicados por el presidente Petro, desde su posesión el 7 de agosto de 2022 hasta el 23 de julio de 2023, con el fin de determinar cuál fue su intencionalidad discursiva al comentar asuntos internos de países soberanos. La metodología usada fue el estudio de caso, revisado desde el análisis del discurso político. Como conclusión, se establece que los comentarios de Petro han tenido dos intenciones discursivas: 1) mostrarse como una figura influyente, con poder discursivo y de liderazgo internacional frente a los demás países latinoamericanos; y 2) justificar sus propias decisiones, políticas y reformas gubernamentales en Colombia.
Awards of Small European Countries in the State Law Status of the Russian Ruling Dynasty in the 19th to the Early 20th Century
Authors: Liventsev Dmitry V. ,   Professor of the Department of Legal Disciplines of the Voronezh State Agrarian University Named after Emperor Peter the Great
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the role of awards from small European countries in the state and legal status of the Russian imperial family in the XIX — early XX century. In addition, attention is paid to the history of the imperial family and the relations of the Russian Empire with Western European countries.
A Historical and Legal Analysis of the Citizenship Category
Authors: Ivanov Aleksandr M. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Jurisprudence of the Smolensk Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy, Zinovyeva Irina V. , Masyagina Yulia B. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and General Humanities of the Smolensk Branch,   Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Smolensk Branch of the Saratov State Law Academy
Published: July 2024

This article is devoted to the formulation of the question of citizenship as a legal value of a Soviet person. The legal activity of the commission on the departure of Soviet citizens abroad, which operated under the Smolensk Regional Committee of the CPSU in the first half of the 1980s, is considered. Using the example of the Smolensk Region, the authors highlight the work of organizations that controlled the departure of Soviet citizens abroad. The study was conducted on the basis of archival sources stored in the State Archive of the Modern History of the Smolensk region (hereinafter GANISO), many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The shortcomings and problems of traveling abroad are revealed, and it is also possible to conclude that there have been no cases of treason or refusals to return to their homeland on the part of residents of the Smolensk region. The authors also attempt to compare the concept of citizenship and the institution of plurality of citizenship, relevant in the modern history of our state.
The Chilling Effect Doctrine as a Universal Right Protection Instrument
Authors: Bulgakov Andrey E. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

Since March 2022, the dissemination of Facebook and Instagram has been prohibited within the territory of Russia, with Meta being included in the list of extremist organizations based on a court decision, thereby subjecting all users of said platforms and company shareholders to the threat of criminal prosecution. Moreover, the exodus of Russian political leaders from the popular social media has seen an expedited pace. Setting aside the issue of political motives behind such a ruling and its ethical implications, the author advocates for scrutiny of extant legal mechanisms operative in alternative jurisdictions relevant to the present case. One such instrument is the doctrine of chilling effect, positing that authorities may infringe upon rights even in the absence of direct intent for such constraint. Although the doctrine of chilling effect was not expressly invoked in the proscription of Meta within Russia, the doctrine could be applied in analogous disputes implicating other digital platforms.
Russian Patriotism: Inconsistency of the Constitutional Structure
Authors: Prikhodko Tatyana V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Support of National Security of the Baikal State University
Published: July 2024

The article provides an analysis of one of the traditional Russian spiritual and moral values such as “patriotism”. Attention is drawn to the variability of the definitions of patriotism, as well as the object of affection within the framework of patriotic feeling, depending on the period in the history of the state or political system. The author notes the normative vacuum of the content of patriotism in the current period of time in Russia. The conclusion substantiates the expediency of eliminating the contradiction between constitutional terms, and also indicates important points that must be observed in this case.
Public Opinion in the Legal Regulation System
Authors: Antonov Vladislav F. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of State, Criminal and Legal Disciplines of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: July 2024

In the presented article, the processes of formation of public opinion, which performs regulatory functions in various areas of social interaction, are studied. Attention is drawn to the fact that the current regulations establish the obligation of state bodies to create the necessary conditions for the study of public opinion. The results of these studies are used to identify problematic issues of the functioning of public institutions directly related to the activities of state power structures. In fact, public opinion is the basis of a wide range of democratic processes that determine the most important areas of state and legal development. The need to study public opinion is due to the fact that legal coercion measures are applied on the basis of generally accepted ideas about traditional values that establish additional requirements for a responsible subject.
Cultivating Moral Values and Diversity for Early Childhood: A Contextual Approach of Multicultural Education
Authors: Kusumawati Maulida , Hasanah Nor Izzatil
Published: July 2024

Cultivating the foundations of moral values and diversity in children is important from an early developmental stage. This article aims to explain how teachers introduce aspects of multicultural education to children. This research uses a qualitative research design in the form of a case study with seven teachers as respondents. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques and then analyzed using thematic analysis consisting of three steps recommended by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, and inference. The results showed that in introducing diversity, teachers provide role models for children, integrate material about cultural diversity into the learning curriculum, use interesting learning methods and media, invite children to visit historical sites and places of worship, hold activities and celebrate holidays related to cultural diversity, and hold extracurricular activities to introduce cultural diversity. It is expected that this article will have significant implications for educational practice, for ongoing professional development to equip teachers with the skills and knowledge needed to effectively teach and model diversity and inclusion, and for educational institutions to prioritize the development and implementation of curricula that reflect and celebrate cultural diversity.
Evaluating CLARISSA: Evidence, Learning, and Practice
Authors: Apgar Marina , Snijder Mieke , Paul Sukanta , Ton Giel , Prieto Martin Pedro , Veitch Helen , Uddin Forhad , Karki Shanta
Published: July 2024

This research and evidence paper presents a synthesis of the findings from the embedded theory-based evaluation of the CLARISSA programme. It is structured around the three main impact pathways of the programme. The evaluation found that the Systemic Action Research intervention led to participating children and business owners building agency, expanding power, and driving change in systems. An innovative Social Protection intervention in Bangladesh using unconditional and universal cash transfer with case work and community support was found to have potential to reduce children’s engagement with paid work. Child-led advocacy activities in Nepal were found to be effective in influencing decision makers, especially when children used evidence they had generated themselves through Action Research. The evaluation of CLARISSA’s ways of working found that consortium partnerships are not static entities but rather ones that move and change over time and require constant relational work and input to be sustained. Finally, the synergy created through using Participatory Action Research as an implementation modality as well as an approach to Adaptive Management led to empowerment and effective complexity‑aware programming.
Understanding and optimizing the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition
Authors: Knudsen Knud Erik ,   Aarhus University, Chassé Élisabeth , Razmgah Niloofar , Hedemann Mette Skou , Canibe Nuria ,   Aarhus University,   Aarhus University,   Aarhus University,   Aarhus University
Published: July 2024

This chapter discussed the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition. It begins with a section covering dietary fibre and prebiotics, then moves on to describe types of prebiotics, including: oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and non-carbohydrate prebiotics. Next, mode of actions for prebiotics is explored. Finally, prebiotics in diets for pigs is highlighted, covering again: oligosaccharides and inulin, polysaccharides, and non-carbohydrate prebiotics.
Elena Garro: Tránsitos surrealistas en Cristales de tiempo
Authors: Monzón Blasco Aitana
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar hermenéuticamente la poesía de Elena Garro compilada en Cristales de tiempo (2008). Por motivos biográficos, la producción lírica de la autora mexicana ha sido relegada a una segunda línea dentro del panorama de la poesía latinoamericana del siglo XX. Por ello, en este trabajo abordamos algunos de sus poemas más significativos poniendo en valor su adherencia a una estética surrealista en la que el “yo” lírico no encuentra un refugio posible si no es el de la huida a otras realidades.
Lithostructural Control in the Development of Potholes in the Rock Bed of the Carnaúba River, Seridó Geopark, NE Brazil
Authors: Dias João Rafael Vieira , Cordeiro Abner Monteiro Nunes , Bastos Frederico de Holanda , Maia Rubson Pinheiro , Nascimento Marcos Antônio Leite do
Published: July 2024

Granitic forms resulting from turbulent flow, with hydraulic vortices, characterize the rocky bed of the lower course of the Carnaúba River, in a geosite of the Seridó Geopark, in the Seridó Oriental microregion, Northeast Brazil. These forms constitute a variety of types of potholes that individually represent various stages of evolution, in addition to reflecting the variation in the erosive potential of river flow throughout the Quaternary. From a bibliographical review, fieldwork (quantification and measurements of the potholes), high-resolution photogrammetry and morphostructural analysis of the generated cartographic products, it was possible to establish a correlation between the preferential orientation of the potholes and the direction of the planes of weakness, as well as the classification of potholes by morphometric parameters. In this work it was demonstrated that the efficiency of hydraulic vortices is associated with discontinuity structures and the mineralogical composition of granite facies, with abrasive erosion being responsible for sculpting potholes, with different dimensions and geometries. In the rocky bed of the Carnaúba River, the small potholes deepen and their diameter evolves into cylindrical shapes as the turbulent vertical flow increases, eventually becoming sigmoidal. The lateral potholes, located on the walls of the river channel, are deeper than they are wide, and represent a destructive phase of evolution.
The reactive stroma response regulates the immune landscape in prostate cancer
Authors: Thomas Rintu , Jerome John Michael , Krieger Kimiko L. , Ashraf Naghmana , Rowley David R.
Published: July 2024

Prostate cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. The neoplastic transformation of prostate epithelia, concomitant with modulations in the stromal compartment, known as reactive stromal response, is critical for the growth, development, and progression of prostate cancer. Reactive stroma typifies an emergent response to disrupted tissue homeostasis commonly observed in wound repair and pathological conditions such as cancer. Despite the significance of reactive stroma in prostate cancer pathobiology, our understanding of the ontogeny, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, and reactive stromal regulation of the immune microenvironment in prostate cancer remains limited. Traditionally characterized to have an immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment, prostate cancer presents significant challenges for advancing immunotherapy compared to other solid tumors. This review explores the detrimental role of reactive stroma in prostate cancer, particularly its immunomodulatory function. Understanding the molecular characteristics and dynamic transcriptional program of the reactive stromal populations in tandem with tumor progression could offer insights into enhancing immunotherapy efficacy against prostate cancer.
Modulation strategies of electrocatalysts for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation-assisted water splitting
Authors: Zhang Tongxue , Liu Shuai , Wang Fumin , Liu Wenxian , He Xinyuan , Liu Qian , Zhang Xubin , Liu Xijun
Published: July 2024

To address energy shortages and environmental issues, prioritizing renewable energy development and usage is crucial. Employing renewable sources for water electrolysis offers a sustainable method for hydrogen generation. Reducing the water electrolysis potential is vital for efficient clean energy conversion and storage. Substituting the anodic oxygen evolution reaction in conventional hydrogen production from water electrolysis with the more thermodynamically favorable 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation reaction can greatly decrease overpotential and yield the valuable product 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid. The key to this process is developing effective electrocatalysts to minimize the potential of the HMF electrooxidation-hydrogen production system. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive introduction to the modulation strategies that affect the electronic and geometric structure of electrocatalysts for HMF oxidation-assisted water splitting. The strategies encompass heteroatom doping, defect projection, interface engineering, structural design, and multi-metal synergies. The catalysts are assessed from various angles, encompassing structural characterization, reaction mechanisms, and electrochemical performance. Finally, current challenges in the catalyst design and potential development of this promising field are proposed.
Which Machine-Learning Model Do You Want In Your Ocean’s Eleven: A Computational Prisoner’s Dilemma Simulation
Authors: Bai Jayden
Published: July 2024

Which machine-learning model is the best at winning the prisoner’s dilemma? Which models create the best cumulative outcomes? Is there a model that perfectly captures both winning and cumulative points? These are questions generated from a simple 2 x 2 payoff matrix of the prisoner’s dilemma. Imagine you and your partner in crime are caught and sent independently into questioning. You can either collaborate or defect, but you don’t know what your partner will do. If you both collaborate, cumulatively, you’ll each get one year in jail. If you defect and your partner collaborates, you’ll serve no time and they will serve 10 years, and vice versa. If you both defect, you’ll both serve 5 years in jail. Placing AIs against each other to play just one round doesn’t reveal much about their code, strategy, and end goal. So the Reinforcement Learning, Pattern Learning, Tit For Tat, and other models were put up against each other in a 100 round game where their behavior, convergence, and learning were analyzed to reveal the most effective ways strategies to beat the prisoner’s dilemma. All code and data is open sourced here.
Bibliometric Analysis – What Has Been Studied About Balanced Scorecard?
Authors: Marques Paula
Published: July 2024

The objective of this work is to analyze publications on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), since 1956 (in the last sixty-five years), identifying evolution trends. Based on bibliometric techniques, the study was carried out based on data available in the Web of Science database through a systematic literature review. Web of Science is one of the main databases in the world, indexing the most cited journals in different areas of research and thus providing a set of data, essential for systematic analyses, including areas of study, list of journals, year of publication, citations from articles, among other relevant information. Because the chosen database is very complete, multidisciplinary and access to the use of Vosviewer software, which we used in this study, is acceptable.From the systematic search, 694 articles published until December 2021 were identified. The analysis of these publications indicates a growing trend in the publication of articles on BSC, highlighting partnership publications as well as their dispersion across journals from different areas.Most are qualitative studies (namely case studies) and questionnaires, as the main method of data collection. The main themes studied, we found that there are several articles on the application or integration of the BSC as a management model and that the studies are essentially concentrated on large companies belonging to the private sector, to the detriment of small and medium-sized companies and public and non-profit organizations profitable.
Using Electrical Muscle Stimulation to Enhance Electrophysiological Performance of Agonist-Antagonist Myoneural Interface
Authors: HUANG JIANPING , WANG PING , WANG WEI , WEI JINGJING , YANG LIN , LIU ZHIYUAN , LI GUANGLIN
Published: July 2024

The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI), a surgical method to reinnervate physiologically-relevant proprioceptive feedback for control of limb prostheses, has demonstrated the ability to provide natural afferent sensations for limb amputees when actuating their prostheses. Following an AMI surgery, one potential challenge is atrophy of the disused muscles, which would weaken the reinnervation efficacy of AMI. It is well known that electrical muscle stimulus (EMS) can reduce the muscle atrophy. In this study, we conducted an animal investigation to explore whether the EMS can significantly improve the electrophysiological performance of AMI. The AMI surgery was performed in 14 rats, in which the distal tendons of bilateral solei donors were connected and positioned on the surface of the left biceps femoris. Subsequently, the left tibial nerve and the common peroneus nerve were sutured onto the ends of the connected donor solei. Two stimulation electrodes were affixed onto the ends of the donor solei for EMS delivery. The AMI rats were randomly divided into two groups. One group regularly received the EMS treatment (designated as EMS_on) for eight weeks and another was no EMS (designated as EMS_off). Two physiological parameters, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and motor unit number, were derived from the electrically evoked compound action potential (CAP) signals to assess the electrophysiological performance of AMI. Our experimental results demonstrated that the reinnervated muscles of the EMS_on group generated higher CAP signals in comparison to the EMS_off group. Both NCV and motor unit number were significantly elevated in the EMS_on group. Moreover, the EMS_on group displayed statistically higher CAP signals on the indirectly activated proprioceptive afferents than the EMS_off group. These findings may suggested that the EMS treatment would be promise in enhancing the electrophysiological performance and facilitating the reinnervation process of AMI.
CALIFRAME: A Proposed Method of Calibrating Reporting Guidelines with FAIR Principles to Foster Reproducibility of AI Research in Medicine
Authors: Shiferaw Kirubel Biruk , Balaur Irina , Welter Danielle , Waltemath Dagmar , Zeleke Atinkut Alamirrew
Published: July 2024

Procedural and reporting guidelines frame the process of scientific practices and communications among researchers and the community at large. In the pursuit of fostering reproducibility, several methodological frameworks have been proposed by several initiatives. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that data leakage and reproducibility are still prominent challenges. Recent studies have shown the transforming potential of incorporating the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles in the work-flow of different context such as software and machine learning model development stages to cultivate open science. In this work, we introduce a framework to calibrate reporting guidelines against the FAIR principles in order to foster reproducibility and open science. We adapted the “Best fit” framework synthesis approach to develop the calibration framework. We propose a series of defined workflows to calibrate reporting guidelines with FAIR principles and a use case to demonstrate the process. By integrating FAIR principles with established reporting guidelines, the proposed framework bridges the gap in accommodating both FAIR metrics and reporting guidelines and benefits from advantages of these major integrated components.