bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TLR3-Activated Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Trigger Progression from Acute Viral Infection to Chronic Disease in the Lung
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wu Kangyun , Keeler Shamus P. , Mao Dailing , Agapov Eugene V. , Zhang Yong , Holtzman Michael J.
Published: January 2021

Acute infection is implicated as a trigger for chronic inflammatory disease, but the full basis for this switch is uncertain. In this study, we examine this issue using a mouse model of chronic lung disease that develops after respiratory infection with a natural pathogen (Sendai virus). We investigate this model using a combination of TLR3-deficient mice and adoptive transfer of immune cells into these mice versus the comparable responses in wild-type mice. We found that acute and transient expression of TLR3 on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) was selectively required to induce long-term expression of IL-33 and consequent type 2 immune-driven lung disease. Unexpectedly, moDC participation was not based on canonical TLR3 signaling and relied instead on a trophic effect to expand the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell population beyond repair of tissue injury and thereby provide an enriched and persistent cell source of IL-33 required for progression to a disease phenotype that includes lung inflammation, hyperreactivity, excess mucus production, and remodeling. The findings thereby provide a framework wherein viral infection activates TLR3 in moDCs as a front-line immune cell niche upstream of lung epithelial cells to drive the type 2 immune response, leading to chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung (such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in humans) and perhaps progressive and long-term postviral disease in general.
Acupuncture in the Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Samara Evangelia , Kefalas Konstantinos , Perletti Gianpaolo
Published: January 2021

Introduction/Aim:

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) affects many adult men worldwide. It has been almost a decade since the introduction of acupuncture on CP/CPPS treatment. Since then, a number of studies have been performed. The aim of the study was to assess the effects and safety of the use of acupuncture for CP/CPPS.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic search was performed in electronic libraries for clinical trials, experimental studies, and systematic reviews on the topic using the terms: “chronic prostatitis,” “chronic pelvic pain syndrome,” “acupuncture” combined with the keywords: “treatment,” “efficacy,” and “safety,” in various combinations. In order to provide accurate conclusions, we evaluated only randomized studies focused on the effects and safety data of acupuncture in the treatment of CP/CPPS-related symptoms. Only trials performed in patients with confirmed CP/CPPS randomized with adequate methods and providing clear outcome reports were finally evaluated. Only full-text available papers written in the English language were considered. There was no restriction on publication date.

Results:

According to our research, 40 papers examining the role of the acupuncture in the treatment of CP/CPPS exist. Only 8 out of 40 fulfilled the above-mentioned criteria. Overall, evidence supports acupuncture as an effective treatment for CP/CPPS-induced symptoms, particularly in relieving pain. Regarding long-term responses without additional treatment, the examined studies provide inconsistent information. Moreover, evidence regarding urination problems is limited.

Conclusion:

Available data suggest that acupuncture treatment is able to decrease CP/CPPS related pain. Since it was associated with rare and slightly adverse events, it could be considered as a safe complementary therapeutic option for men with CP/CPPS.
Nephrometry Scores in Renal Cancer
Authors: Kostakopoulos Nikolaos A , Markopoulos Titos , Skolarikos Andreas A
Published: January 2021

Several independent tools and measurements can be used to assess the same endpoint. This is the case for renal tumors, for which different nephrometry scores (NSs) based on preoperative imaging are currently available. These systems provide objective information with regard to surgical complexity, risk of blood loss, ischemia time, and perioperative complications that can assist physicians in the decision-making process and in planning the most appropriate surgical approach. In this review article, the most widely used preoperative NSs are being mentioned; their parameters are analyzed and their usefulness and reliability in everyday clinical and surgical practice are being compared.
Evaluation of Asymmetry in Right and Left Eyes of Normal Individuals Using Extracted Features from Optical Coherence Tomography and Fundus Images
Authors: Mahmudi Tahereh , Kafieh Raheleh , Rabbani Hossein , Mehri Alireza , Akhlaghi Mohammad-Reza
Published: January 2021

Background:

Asymmetry analysis of retinal layers in right and left eyes can be a valuable tool for early diagnoses of retinal diseases. To determine the limits of the normal interocular asymmetry in retinal layers around macula, thickness measurements are obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:

For this purpose, after segmentation of intraretinal layer in threedimensional OCT data and calculating the midmacular point, the TM of each layer is obtained in 9 sectors in concentric circles around the macula. To compare corresponding sectors in the right and left eyes, the TMs of the left and right images are registered by alignment of retinal raphe (i.e. diskfovea axes). Since the retinal raphe of macular OCTs is not calculable due to limited region size, the TMs are registered by first aligning corresponding retinal raphe of fundus images and then registration of the OCTs to aligned fundus images. To analyze the asymmetry in each retinal layer, the mean and standard deviation of thickness in 9 sectors of 11 layers are calculated in 50 normal individuals.

Results:

The results demonstrate that some sectors of retinal layers have signifcant asymmetry with P < 0.05 in normal population. In this base, the tolerance limits for normal individuals are calculated.

Conclusion:

This article shows that normal population does not have identical retinal information in both eyes, and without considering this reality, normal asymmetry in information gathered from both eyes might be interpreted as retinal disorders.
Wastewater reuse in irrigation: short-term effect on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Corrêa Marcus Metri , Cavalcanti Marília Costa , Primo Dário Costa , Rolim Neto Fernando Cartaxo , Martins Jean Manuel , Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Mendes Isaque De Souza , Medeiros Lívia Regina dos Santos
Published: January 2021

The main process that opposes the Greenhouse Effect is called “carbon sequestration”, a phenomenon that essentially seeks to establish a dynamic balance between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the immobilization of its elements, especially C and N. This work evaluated the stocks of carbon and nitrogen in soils of the Brazilian semi-arid submitted to irrigation with treated wastewater from domestic sewage. For this purpose, the carbon and nitrogen stocks in the soil of the semi-arid region of Brazil were compared for four different uses: Open Native Caatinga (ONC); Treated Wastewater Effluent Irrigation (TSEI); Surface Water Irrigation (SWI); and Traditional Rainfed Agriculture (TRA). The hypothesis considered in this research was that the application of treated effluents in agriculture, besides being an alternative that can mitigate the problem of water scarcity of the semiarid region, is also capable of influencing the storage capacity of C and N in the soil, due to its organic load. The results indicate that among the different land uses evaluated, soil C and N stocks were highest in ONC, and decreased with the agricultural land use. The greatest accumulation of C and N in Caatinga is due to the presence of forest litter, and the influence of irrigation with treated sewage effluent was not detected in the present study. It can be concluded that the contribution of vegetation residues to the soil surface is the main factor contributing to C and N storage.
Complementary Medicine – Who Are We to Judge?
Authors: Alderman Chris
Published: January 2021

Dr. Alderman implores pharmacists to approach the prevalence of patients taking complimentary and using alternative therapies with logic over judgement, and, to see that an opportunity exists for the profession to be brokers of sensible, precautionary information that may protect their
patients from serious unintended harm.
Recent Treatment Patterns of Oropharyngeal Cancer in Korea Based on the Expert Questionnaire Survey of the Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology (KSHNO)
Authors: Choi Kyu Hye , Song Jin Ho , Kim Yeon-Sil , Kim Ji-hoon , Jeong Woo-Jin , Nam Inn-Chul , Kim Jin Ho , Ahn Hee Kyung , Chun Sang Hoon , Hong Hyun Jun , Joo Young-Hoon , Eun Young-Gyu , Moon Sung Ho , Lee Jeongshim
Published: January 2021

Purpose The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has increased, and staging and optimal therapeutic approaches are challenging. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the controversial treatment policy of stage T2 OPC according to the N category and determine the opinions of multidisciplinary experts in Korea.Materials and Methods Five OPC scenarios were developed by the Subcommittee on Oropharyngeal Treatment Guidelines of the Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology and distributed to experts of multidisciplinary treatment hospitals.Results Sixty-five experts from 45 institutions responded. For the HPV-positive T2N0M0 scenario, 67.7% of respondents selected surgery followed by definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or radiotherapy alone. For the T2N1M0 HPV-positive scenario, there was a notable difference in the selection of primary treatment by expert specialty; 53.9% of respondents selected surgery and 39.8% selected definitive CCRT as the primary treatment. For the T2N3M0 advanced HPV-positive scenario, 50.0% of respondents selected CCRT and 33.3% considered induction chemotherapy (IC) as the primary treatment. CCRT and IC were significantly more frequently selected for the HPV-related OPC cases (p=0.010). The interdepartmental variability showed that the head and neck surgeons and medical oncologists favored surgery, whereas the radiation oncologists preferably selected definitive CCRT (p < 0.001).Conclusion In this study, surgery was preferred for lymph node-negative OPC, and as lymph node metastasis progressed, CCRT tended to be preferred, and IC was administered. Clinical practice patterns by stage and HPV status showed differences according to expert specialty. Multidisciplinary consensus guidelines will be essential in the future.
Мультисигнатуры итерированных торических зацеплений
Authors: Orevkov Stepan Yur'evich
Published: January 2021

Мы вычисляем мультисигнатуры (multivariate signatures) зацеплений Зейферта (т. е. объединений слоев в гомологических сферах Зейферта), в частности, объединения торического зацепления с одной или с обеими осевыми окружностями. Мультисигнатуры таких зацеплений используются в формуле сращивания Дегтярева-Флоранса-Лекуоны для вычисления мультисигнатур обмотки зацепления вдоль его компоненты. Мы используем вычисление Неймана эквивариантных сигнатур таких зацеплений.
Для сигнатур объединения торического зацепления с одной или с обеими осевыми окружностями мы интерпретируем формулу Неймана в терминах целых точек в некотором параллелограмме аналогично формуле Хирцебруха, выражающей сигнатуры торических зацеплений (без осевых окружностей) в терминах целых точек в прямоугольнике.
The driving force for collaboration networks in environmental engineering in South Korea
Authors: Park Jaebeom , Park Jeryang , Choi Yongju
Published: January 2021

Here, for the first time, coauthor network and cluster analysis were utilized in the environmental engineering field to identify the driving force for scientific collaboration among individuals and the formation of clusters. Papers published in South Korean domestic environmental engineering journals from 2004 to 2018 were assessed, which enabled identification of unique network characteristics that represent not only the field of study, but also the regional boundaries of the data source. Despite being limited to a single country, the study identifies network characteristics, such as scale invariance, that are typically found in other coauthor networks. Nine clusters were identified, the identity of which could be defined by two variables: research interests and author affiliations. The clusters were divided by the sameness or geographical proximity of author affiliations and problem-oriented research topics. These also describe the inter-cluster relationships, validating the notion that the two variables are the major driving force for collaboration networks. This study substantially advances the understanding of scientific collaboration in the environmental engineering field and can guide future studies, such as the role of coauthor networks in environmental engineering within or outside of regional boundaries and the role of networks in domestic publications in other fields of study
Recovery Off-Kinetics Following Exhaustive Upper Body Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Murray Donal , Chin Lisa M.K. , Cowan Rachel E. , Groah Suzanne L. , Keyser Randall E.
Published: January 2021

Background:

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) present with impaired autonomic control when the lesion is above T6. This could lead to delayed cardiorespiratory recovery following vigorous physical activity.

Objectives:

To characterize and compare gas exchange off-kinetics following exhaustive exercise in individuals with SCI and an apparently healthy control group.

Methods:

Participants were 19 individuals with SCI who presented with the inability to voluntarily lift their legs against gravity (age, 44.6 ± 14.2 years; AIS A, n = 5; AIS B, n = 7; AIS C, n = 7; paraplegia, n = 14; tetraplegia, n = 5) and 10 healthy comparisons (COM; age, 30.5 ± 5.3 years). All participants performed an arm ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (aCPET) to volitional exhaustion followed by a 10-minute passive recovery. O2 uptake (V̇o2) and CO2 output (V̇co2) off-kinetics was examined using a mono-exponential model in which tau off (τoff) and mean response time (MRT) were determined. The off-kinetics transition constant (Ktoff) was calculated as ΔV̇o2/MRT. Student t tests were used to compare SCI versus COM group means.

Results:

COM had a significantly higher relative peak V̇o2 compared to SCI (1.70 ± 0.55 L/min vs 1.19 ± 0.51 L/min, p = .019). No difference was observed for τoff between the groups, however Ktoff for both V̇o2 and V̇co2 was significantly lower in the SCI compared to the COM group.

Conclusion:

A reduced Ktoff during recovery may suggest inefficiencies in replenishing muscle ATP stores and lactate clearance in these participants with SCI. These findings may contribute to the observed lower cardiorespiratory fitness and greater fatigability typically reported in individuals with SCI.
Impact of RFID-TTI technologies on the efficiency of perishable products logistics
Authors: Cepolina Elvezia Maria , Cangialosi Edoardo , Giusti Ilaria , Aquaro Donato , Caroti Gabriella , Piemonte Andrea
Published: January 2021

"The paper concerns the logistics activities related to perishable products. Perishable products are delivered from the production site to a warehouse by refrigerated truck. Perishable products are accepted or not at the warehouse entrance, according to their detected quality levels; if accepted, they are stored in the warehouse in suitable environmental conditions. Finally, they are delivered by refrigerated truck to the destination. Human errors affect these activities. Perishable products have to be delivered in a suitable quality level to the destination. Because of human errors, sometime products arrive in an unsuitable quality level and therefore, there is a loss for the company. RFID technologies, integrated with time temperature indicators (TTI), allow a prompt detection of abnormal quality loss and the prompt actuation of mitigation actions. In order to evaluate the benefits of different RFID-TTI implementation set-ups, the study defines a methodology that measures the risk of monetary losses. The method is applied to a case study and the results are presented."
A testing procedure of a digital application for safety improvement in a beverage plant
Authors: Vignali Giuseppe , Guareschi Nicolas , Tebaldi Letizia , Longo Francesco , Di Donato Luciano , Ferraro Alessandra , Bottani Eleonora
Published: January 2021

"Safety at the workplace is one of the most relevant issues for companies, due to the high number of accidents happening every year, some of which even deadly. Despite that, this number is decreasing thanks to continuous research and to an increasing application of safety procedures and devices. In line with that, the project presented in this work intends to develop and evaluate a new solution to improve operators’ safety, at a reasonable cost (including adoption and use). The usage of wearable systems (smart-glasses and smartwatches) will improve the efficacy of the solutions previously tested on mobile devices like tablets and smartphones. Although no new devices were developed, the project required the creation of a new software tool, in which a great amount of information was inserted to allow its correct functioning. The main aim of this work is to create a testing procedure to evaluate the impact of this solutions on the employee’s safety. This is extremely important to demonstrate the efficacy of new industry 4.0 applications."
Appraisal of OFDM for multi-carrier, high-speed data rate wireless communication networks
Authors: Abdullahi Muhammad Bello
Published: January 2021

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is used to achieve multi-carrier signals and high- Speed data rate in free space. OFDM-based systems operate in the hostile multipath radio environment, which allows efficient sharing of limited resources. This research work was designed, developed and simulated an OFDM System using the basic blocks of Simulink in MATLAB/Simulink software, to support multi-carrier, high-speed data rates. This was achieved in backing of collection and review of high-quality research papers, which reported the latest research developments in OFDM communications networks, and its applications in future wireless systems. The research work significantly increases the speed of data rate signals, and many critical problems associated with the applications of OFDM technologies in future wireless systems are still looking for efficient solutions. This would overcome the global issues and challenges facing the limited bandwidth in wireless communication network.
Machine learning techniques applied to industrial engineering: a multi criteria approach
Authors: De Felice Fabio , Travaglioni Marta , Piscitelli Giuseppina , Cioffi Raffaele , Petrillo Antonella
Published: January 2021

With the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) beginning, the world is witnessing an important technological development. The success of I4.0 is linked to the implementation of enabling technologies, including Machine Learning, which focuses on the machines’ ability to receive a series of data and learn on their own. The present research aims to systematically analyze the existing literature on the subject in various aspects, including publication year, authors, scientific sector, country, institution and keywords. Understanding and analyzing the existing literature on Machine Learning applied to predictive maintenance is preparatory to recommend policy on the subject.
Integration of process mining techniques in simulation results analysis
Authors: Šitova Irīna , Pečerska Jeļena
Published: January 2021

The research is carried out in the area of analysis of simulation results. The aim of this research is to explore the applicability of process mining techniques, and to introduce the process mining techniques integration into results analysis of discrete-event system simulations. As soon as the dynamic discrete-event system simulation (DESS) is based on events list or calendar, most of simulators provide the events lists. These events lists are interpreted as event logs in this research, and are used for process mining. The information from the events list is analysed to extract process-related information and perform in-depth process analysis. Event log analysis verified applicability of the proposed approach. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that process mining techniques in simulation results analysis provide a possibility to reveal new knowledge about the performance of the system, and to find the parameter values providing the advisable performance.
Simulation and analysis of a multi-scale tumor model using agent clustered network
Authors: Tashakor Ghazal , Suppi Remo
Published: January 2021

The increasing application of network models to translate and analysis of biological systems discusses the necessity of novel methodological and informatics insights for dealing with biological complexity. Today, using tools from graph theory to simulate the dynamical system and to understand the behavior of a biological network system such as tumor growth is unavoidable. Perhaps the most significant level of network analysis comes from mining the network measures and configuration data which allow us to explore deeper in multi-scale and multi-level biological models. This paper presents a graph agent-based tumor model which allows us to mine network measures and visualizing the evolving behavior of tumor in molecular and cellular levels. Besides, in this paper, we have applied three applicable techniques to discover and classify subgraphs in a growing network of agents for the use of a cluster computing system.
A simulation tool for mass transfer inside compressed air vessel for water networks pressurisation
Authors: Volpi Andrea , Bottani Eleonora
Published: January 2021

Feeding a water distribution network with the correct pressure is a fundamental requirement for its proper operation; to this end, a simple and reliable solution commonly adopted in small and medium industrial plants is the adoption of a pressure vessel. For small systems, a membrane seals the system water from the gas compartment, anyway, as the size of the vessel increases, the adoption of sealing diaphragm or bladder is no longer feasible, and thus there is a direct contact between air and water. The high pressure of the vessel, combined with the cyclic loading and unloading phases, which replace the water inside the tank, leads to a considerable mass transfer phenomenon of air inside water. The loss of air mass cannot be monitored and detected by simply controlling system pressures; to this extent, water level measurement and reference analytical models are required. Since there is a lack in scientific literature of these models, the present study presents a model for mass transfer estimate in the systems described, starting from a real pilot plant. The main results of the model implementation in a spreadsheet, in terms of the trend of the key model parameters in time, are also reported and discussed.
An integrated simulation-based construction crew allocation and trade-off with energy and carbon footprint
Authors: Awad Hadia , Gül Mustafa , Mohsen Osama , AbouRizk Simaan
Published: January 2021

On-site construction in winter consumes a considerable amount of energy and emits a significant volume of greenhouse gases, especially in cold regions. It has been reported that on-site winter heating accounts for 34% of carbon emissions of the framing phase for panelized house construction. In this paper, in order to quantify and analyze carbon emissions from on-site construction, the on-site panelized construction process is simulated in a combined discrete and continuous event simulation model based on which the possibility of reducing activity durations are investigated for the aim of reducing emissions. The integrated simulation methodology is demonstrated using case studies in Edmonton, Canada. Carbon emission which includes propane consumption for winter heating and diesel consumption for on-site mobile equipment and vehicles is calculated. Historical temperature data is analyzed to simulate weather behavior. Results show that on-site heating is the largest contributor to carbon emissions in panelized construction.
A simplified probabilistic validation of production flows
Authors: Emir Kadir , Kruml David , Paseka Jan , Selingerová Iveta
Published: January 2021

This paper extends the stack validation algorithm in a probabilistic way. In other words, we introduce a new model for stack validation when the production parameters are random variables and the result is compared with a confidence interval. The major outcome of this simplified probabilistic model is to determine random variables merely by mean, variance, and skewness. This straightforwardly enables some direct, fast and consistent calculations by using certain properties of these moments.
المقاصد الشرعية وأثرها على الفتاوى المعاصرة في أحكام الوقوف في عرفة
Authors: Ali Al-Rumaithah Ahmed Muhammad , Ali Arif Arif
Published: January 2021

جاء هذا البحث تلبية لمقتضيات الواقع كأساس من الأسس المهمة في تكييف الفتاوى الشرعية المعاصرة الخاصة بمنسك الوقوف بعرفة وكيف أن المقاصد الشرعية لها أثر في اختيار الفتاوى،ونتيجة للتطورات التي شهدتها مناسك الحج من توسعة بعض المناسك وتزايد أعداد الحجاج وتعدد وسائل النقل وسهولة المواصلات ظهرت فتاوى معاصرة ومقاصد بحاجة إلى بحث وبيان حكمها، كمايهدف البحث إلى التعريف بالفتوى والمقاصد الشرعية وبيان أهمية الربط بين المقاصد الشرعية والفتوى المعاصرة وتأثيرها على مسار الحكم التكليفي، و بيان حكم الوقوف بعرفة ودراسة أقوال الفقهاء المتقدمين والمتأخرين فيها والرأي الراجح منها وأسباب التر جيح، وفق المقاصد الشرعية في ذلك وإبراز المقاصد الشرعية في هذا المنسق، وخلص البحث إلى أن للمقاصد أهمية في تحديد الحكم يتمثل في حماية المفتي من الاضطراب وفهم النصوص وقدرته على إنزال الحكم، وبيان المقاصد الشرعية في عرفة ومنها الدعاء، وغفران الذنوب والتذكير بيوم القيامة ودحر الشيطان وشعور الحاج بالأخوة والمساواة، والوقوف بالطائرة في هواء عرفة لكبار السن والمرضى وأصحاب الأعذار عملا بقاعدة الهواء يتبع القرار، والنفر قبل الغروب ، وكذلك الوقوف على السيارة والمرور داخل القطار في عرفة، واتخذ في هذا البحث الأسلوب الوصفي التحليلي
سلامة موسى ومواقفه من تجديد اللغة العربية: دراسة وصفيّة تحليليّة
Authors: Salami Is-haq , Anwar Bin Ahmad Muhammad
Published: January 2021

كانت للكاتب المصري سلامة موسى مواقف وأفكار ورؤى في تجديد اللغة العربية، ضَمّنها كتبا ومقالات متعدّدة، وهي من الثورة على الموروث اللغوي بمكانٍ يؤهّلها البحث؛ للكشف عن المواطن التي أصاب فيها الكاتب أو ضلّ عن الصواب. وهذا البحث يستهدف الكشف عن تلك المواقف والأفكار، من خلال التراث الذي خلّفه الكاتب في هذا المجال. وللقيام بهذا تمَّ استواء هذا البحث على ثلاثة عناوين فرعيّة قبلها مقدّمة تُوصِل القرّاء إلى لمحة عامة عن مكنون الموضوع، في آخر الجميع خاتمةٌ تُكلِّل البحث بنتائجه المرغوبة فيه والتي توصّلَ إليها الباحث. وسيعتمد البحث منهجين أساسيّين، هما: المنهج الوصفيّ لبيان تلك المواقف والأفكار، ووصفها كما صدرت عن الكاتب، والمنهج النقديّ للنظر في مدى موافقتها للصواب، وسبر الأغوار البعيدة من ورائها، والاستعانة بما يراه غير سلامة موسى من علماء اللغة والأدب في القضايا التي رآها محلّ دراسة وبحث لتجديد اللغة العربية. ومن خلال الوصف والنقد، سوف يبدي الباحث الآراء التي ستظهر له. وبذلك كلّه يرى الباحث أنّ موقف سلامة موسى من تجديد اللغة العربيّة موقف له مثالبه التي تزْري بالعربية وأهلها، ومنه أيضا ما هو نفْع محْض يعود على العربية بعائدة خير، كما يوصي الباحث كلَّ من ينتمي إلى العربية إما من ناحية الدراسة أو الولادة أن يواصلوا مهمّة هذا التجديد كي تُجاري العربية مع العصر الذي نعيشه، ولا نألُوا جهدًا من تبرئة العربية من كل طعن ومكر يودّ الغربيّون والعرب المتغرّبون إلحاقها بالعربية في الحال أو المستقبل.
Parasitological Survey of Cichlidae in the Sea-of-Galilee
Authors: Falk Rama , Smirnov Margarita , Ofek Tamir , Cummings David
Published: January 2021

The results of a parasitological survey conducted since January 2012 till January 2014 in the littoral zone of the Sea-of-Galilee are presented. The parasites were identified, and their prevalence, density, and geographic distribution were studied. Wet-preparations were used for detection and identification of the parasites. In the described time period, a total of 200 adults and 200 fingerlings of the following fish species Sarotherodon galiaeus (68%), Tilapia zillii (20%) and Oreochromis aureus (12%). The fish were collected from four dispersed coasts of the lake. The primary results of the survey indicate that 30% of examined fish were infected with ciliates. The prevalence of myxozoa was 18% in adults, mostly in the spleen, and was lower in fingerlings, exhibiting prevalence of only 8%. High prevalence of trematode metacercaria was found in fingerlings, (85%), significantly higher than in adults (36%). The most common trematode metacercaria found were Neascus sp. and Bolbophorus sp. These parasites were found mostly in the brain and eyes. Surprisingly, the following trematodes: Clinostomum, Euclinostomum, Neascus and Bolbophorus, which were missing in the previous study conducted on 1999- 2002, were commonly found in the current study. In light of the findings of the present study as compared to previous ones, it seems that there is a change in metacercaria species throughout the years. It is likely that the changes in the composition of the parasites population found in this survey are related to changes in habitat conditions that affected the survival of the intermediate host communities.
Gagauzcadaki Diyalektik Sistemin Genel Özellikleri
Authors: POKROVSKAYA L. A.
Published: January 2021

Rusçadan yapılan bu çeviride Gagauzların diyalektlerinin temelinde görülen bazı temel farklılıklar ele alınmıştır. Bu farklılıklar çeşitli başlıkla altında incelenmiş ve örnek verilmiştir. Sonuçta dünyanın farklı yerlerinde kullanılan Gagauzcanın iki temel ağzı olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Aging Effect on Structure, Hardness, Roughness Behavior and Bacterial Adhesion on Silver- Palladium Dental Alloy
Authors:   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt, El-Bediwi Abu Bakr , Al- Ragae Doaa ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt, El-Helaly Thoraya ,   Physics department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Published: January 2021

Aging in normal saliva for different interval times make a change in internal structure (Formed phases and started base line) of Sliver- Palladium (Ag-Pd) dental alloy. Also aging in saliva for one, two and three weeks decreased Vickers hardness value, calculated maximum shear stress (τm) and roughness parameters for Sliver- Palladium alloy. Microbiological studies show the Candida spp. stuck on Sliver- Palladium alloy surface and their growth dependent on aging times.
China’s Robotic Spy Birds Take Surveilance to New Heights
Authors:   Researcher-analyst, Dubnik, Slovakia, Skopec Robert
Published: January 2021

China takes surveillance to new heights with flock of robotic Doves, but do they come in peace? Hi-tech drones that look and move like real birds have already flown over restive Xinjiang region. Beijing Institute of Technology recruits 31 ‘patriotic’ youngsters for new AI weapons development programe. Expert in international science policy describes course as ‘extremely powerful and troubling.’ Also group of some of China’s smartest students have been recruited straight from high school to begin training as the world’s youngest AI weapons scientists. The 27 boys and four girls, all aged 18 and under, were selected for the four-year “experimental programme for intelligent weapons systems” at the Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) from more than 5,000 candidates, the school said on its website. The BIT is one of the country’s top weapons research institutes, and the launch of the new programme is evidence of the weight it places on the development of AI technology for military use.
Changes in the Microbiome at the Onset and End of Decomposition
Authors:   Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, Clintock J Thomas Mc , Erquiaga Michael J ,   Bode Technology Group, Lorton, VA, Fabbri Mia R ,   Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, Allentown, PA
Published: January 2021

Decomposition is a rapidly evolving process that is dependent on various environmental factors such as climate, temperature, insect activity, large vertebrate scavenging, and microbial activity. Although other factors such as body weight and time have been evaluated, microbial activity should be considered as another major component in the decomposition process. This study was designed to investigate the microbiome and potential bacterial succession using two different DNA extraction methods, classic microbiologic techniques and 16S ribosomal sequencing at the onset and end of decomposition. Differences were observed between the bacterial phyla found on Day 1 versus Day 6. Among the various phyla, several different bacterial species were observed such as Kurthia gibsonii, K. sibirica, Staphylococcus sciuri, S. lentus, and Serratia marcescens. An interesting change in the phyla present was observed for Day 6. None of the bacterial samples collected on any of the anatomical sites were identified in the phylum Firmicutes. In fact, most of the bacteria collected from the mouth, nose, and genitals were identified in the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Two different bacterial species, Myroides odoratus and Leucobacter aridicollis were present in the two phyla at Day 6 that were not observed at the onset of decomposition. Likewise, many of the bacterial species present at Day 1 were not observed in Day 6. The difference in bacterial diversity observed at the onset and end of decomposition suggest that a timeline or bacterial succession could be developed that could support post-mortem interval determinations
Evolutionary Lineages, Inherently Conserved Within the Genome of Isoetes L (Isoetaceae: Pteridophyta) Express in Heterosporangia of Isoetes Pantii Goswami & Arya: Brief Review: A Five Decades’ Study
Authors:   Retired From Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India, Goswami Hit Kishore
Published: January 2021

Heterosporous sporangia discovered in Isoetes pantii Goswami & Arya are known as heterosporangia. Heterosporangia produce thousands of alete, monolete and trilete microspores and a few dozen megaspores. This trait is inherent within the genome of I pantii because plants collected from a location in South Gujarat also exhibit this feature. Additionally, initial collections and followup studies since 1966 have been consistently showing two types of megaspores within the heterosporangia. While microspores and megaspores develop in each and every hetrosporangium, additional unusual megaspores, variable in shape and size (180-220 micron), do not occur in all heterosporangia of all plants. These spores closely resembling fossil ancestral spores are being now termed as “Chalonospores”. Thus, a living spore genus Chalonospora is being named and defined as a spore discovered in a living plant which recall fossil ancestry of the genus but are never found in any other extant species of the genus. Since Chalanospores also originate from spore mother cells, as other microspores and megaspores do, this indicates that spore mother cells found in heterosporangia are genetically variable in expressions. Quite likely, a few megaspore mother cells must be possessing gene combinations with “revitalized relic DNA sequences”. As different types of chalonospres have been observed, variable gene combinations must be representing sporadic expressions of different lycopods of the vast geological past. Germination studies prove that these spores are endowed with different genetic make-up, as the gametophyte produced on soil culture produce unique single cell rhizoids with spiny outer layer. This apparent genomic reshuffle is related with frequently encountered chromosome breaks, translocations and irregular presence of 2n=36 –to 39 chromosomes in such plants. However, Isoetes pantii plants possess 2n=48 chromosomes with X-Y mechanism. No other species in the world flora of the genus has exhibited sex chromosomal mechanism and possessed n=12 chromosome series. With greater probability this appears plausible to imagine that naturally imposed chromosomal aberrations have rejuvenated genes which might have been regular expressions within the genome of some of the lycopods of Carboniferous and thereafter
Determinants of Agricultural Production and Agricultural Sector Output in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Brown Ewubare Dennis , Iyabode Asimiea ,   Department of Agricultural and Applied Economic Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Published: January 2021

The study examined the determinant of agricultural production and agricultural sector output in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of agricultural production determinants on agricultural output. The study was carried out based on secondary data collected through the CBN statistical bulletin unit root test was conducted test and granger causality test were used as the main statistical tests. The findings from the study based on the OLS results shows that agricultural funding, agricultural credit/loan as well as exchange rate have positive relationship with agricultural production output. Also, the granger causality test shows that agricultural funding, agricultural credit loan as well as exchange rate impact on agricultural production output. In view of the findings, it is recommended for adequate budgetary provisions for the agricultural sector in order to provide infrastructural facilities to the rural areas where farm produce are concentrated in order to boost production. Also, provision of credit facilities to the agricultural sector through the farmers in rural areas should be encouraged
Risk Factors for Malignant Melanoma in Romania
Authors:   Thies Infectious Diseases Service / UFR health sciences, Babes Liana Monica DEAC
Published: January 2021

In all ages of population in the recent decades, Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer in the whole world. Its incidence has increased worldwide and that for and earlier diagnosis programs, who reduce the morbidity and mortality of the malignant disease . The Parisian physician Rene Laennac’s was the first who reported 200 years ago, the presence of melanoma in Europe
Application of Argent Metric in the Estimation of Mesna in Tablets and Injections. Application to Content Uniformity Testing
Authors:   College of Environmental, University of Mosul-Ir, Ahmed Nief Rahman , Sheet Najlaa Saadi ,   Cancer Control Center-Nineveh Health Directorate
Published: January 2021

A new, accurate, sensitive and simple indirect spectrophotometric method for the estimation of sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna) has been developed. This procedure base on the reaction of mesna with excess of silver nitrate and a known amount of methyl orange and the increase in absorbance at 520 nm, caused by a decrease in pH due to release of nitric acid, is measured and related to drug concentration .The absorbance results increased with increasing concentration of mesna . Beer’ s law is obeyed and linear at the concentration range of 2-28µg/ml. Apparent molar absorbance, Sand ell’s sensitivity values were 7.16×103 Lmol-1cm-1. And 22.93 ng.cm-2 respectively, The present method is considered to be simple because it does not need either heating or hydrolysis or solvent extraction steps. The ingredients often formulated with Metoclopramide hydrochloride have been shown not to interfere, and the proposed method is suitable for the routine determination of mesna. The (RSD) of this method was less than 2 and average recovery (accuracy) is 100 ± 0.75. The method applied successfully for estimation of mesna in (tablets and injections pharmaceutical formulations).and Application to Content Uniformity Testing
History of Medicine and Medical Law
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Professor of Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan, Abdurashidovna Mukhitdinova Firyuza
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the history of the development of traditional medicine and the human right to treatment. The ancestors of folk medicine and the legal regulations in this area are studied. The state of medical activity and medical law of Uzbekistan is analyzed.
Impact of Covid-19 on Cooperatives Movement in Rwanda
Authors:   Institute of Higher Education of Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda, Harelimana Jean Bosco , Mugwaneza Pacifique ,   Institute of Higher Education of Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda, Musabwa Nteze Claude ,   Institute of Higher Education of Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda
Published: January 2021

Cooperatives play important role in promoting inclusive, sustainable development and economic transformation. Cooperatives can offer significant benefits to their members through the principle of strength in numbers and pooled resources, including increased bargaining power; reduced costs through economies of scale; the ability to obtain goods or services they otherwise would not have access to; the ability to diversify and expand production into new product ranges; the ability to improve product quality through collective investment; and overall increased incomes in accordance with cooperative values and principles. The world now encounters a grim reality, with exponential growth of contagion of COVID-19 pandemic, human lives are being lost and the virus continues to spread rapidly across the globe. Different prevention measures including the confinement were enacted by the government. Cooperatives operations were suspected due to the confinement. This paper examines the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on cooperatives in Rwanda using descriptive statistics from primary and secondary data collected which helped to draw conclusions on the effect of the pandemic. The results highlight the impacts till now of the pandemic on cooperative formation, income losses for both members and cooperatives, effects on working capital and investment, and key facts on cooperative contributions to support their members.
Is Print Recruitment Advertising a Sunset in the Millennial Era? A Case Study of Times Ascent
Authors:   Asst. Professor, Symbiosis Centre for Media and Communication, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India, Rautela Sonica , Hingorani Manish ,   Asst. Professor, Symbiosis Centre for Media and Communication, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
Published: January 2021

Reading as a habit is very addictive and we have seen our fathers and grandfathers read newspapers from our childhood. It has been a part and parcel of a morning ritual and is believed in the Indian culture that whatever news is published in the Indian print media is 100% true. That was the belief until recent times and is slowly fading away. The trust and the faith which was prevalent in newspapers in the good old days is losing its shine and glitter. The Times of India as an organization has transformed itself from being a traditional newspaper to an Infotainment paper that is a combination of Information and Entertainment. Advertising revenues are the key focus of the entire sales team in the organization, and sales teams are striving to come up with innovative and customized solutions for the advertisers. Times Ascent is one of the few examples of innovation and customized solutions for its recruitment set of advertisers and the story of its gala launch until its decline is at the core of this case study. Has Times Ascent reached its final stage of the product life cycle? Can anything be done to revive it? Time shall tell how the story of Times Ascent unfolds.
Case Studies in the Research Process Related to Management Sciences
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice Poland, London Academy of Science and Business, London United Kingdom, Sumy State University, Sumy Ukraine, Dźwigoł Henryk
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of the article was to diagnose the impact of the use of case studies on the analysis of the research problem by verifying a set hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach: The verification was carried out through the performance of quantitative research by means of a questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was addressed to the theoreticians of management sciences. The survey questionnaire, used for carrying out the research, was distributed among the target group comprising: - 93 domestic universities, - 2307 domestic academics, - 272 foreign universities, - 21024 foreign academics. Findings: In conclusion, it should be pointed out that the usefulness of case studies is limited to a certain type of hypotheses being tested and is gradual, and that their application should be the second or third choice within the research strategy rather than the first. The conclusions from the analysis of the research results clearly confirm that: the case study provides an opportunity to analyse the research problem in depth. Moreover, qualitative methods in research processes should be supported by case studies. Research limitations/implications: It should be pointed out that case studies also have their limitations, e.g.: they are related to the research objectives to which case studies can be applied. Practical implications: The essence of the case study is determined by the use of exploratory methods that will allow an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under consideration. Neither the size nor the given characteristics of the object are relevant here since the research subject can be a single decision, process, cluster or the whole country. Social implications: Generalizations, which are among the most creative elements of case studies, require an ability to think synthetically, a lot of intellectual effort and a deep understanding of the problem being analysed; Originality/value: The conclusions of the literature analysis and own research unanimously confirm that: • He case study provides an opportunity for an in-depth analysis of the research problem, • Qualitative methods in research processes should be accompanied by case studies.
Outcome of Physical Rehabilitation Interventions in Persons with Post-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries at Paraplegic Centre Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors:   Deputy Director Physical Rehab, Paraplegic Centre Peshawar, Pakistan, Zeb Amir , Bahadur Sher ,   Epidemiologist Khyber Institute of Child Health. Peshawar, Pakistan, Rehman Gohar ,   Deputy Director Physical Rehab, Paraplegic Centre Peshawar, Pakistan
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the outcomes of physical rehabilitation interventions at Paraplegic Center, Peshawar. Methods: This was Quasi experimental study, conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 at Paraplegic Center, Peshawar. A total of 306 persons with SCI were included in the study. Patients with ASIA-E level were excluded. Rehabilitation interventions including nursing care, physical and occupational therapy was applied for 4 days per week for a month. Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) scale was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and T-test was used to compare the pre and post intervention’s scores, where p-value <0.05 was considered as significant.