bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A, PELATIHAN MEMBUAT SOUVENIR PERNIKAHAN (TOWEL CAKE) SEBAGAI PELUANG USAHA BAGI WANITA RAWAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DI KECAMATAN GUBENG SURABAYA
Authors: Pramudiana Ika Devy , Sholichah Nihayatus
Published: January 2022

Pembangunan kesejahteraan sosial ini menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari pembangunan nasional dimana pembangunan kesejahteraan sosial berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup bangsa Indonesia. Hal ini karena pada prinsipnya konstruksi pembangunan kesejahteraan sosial terdiri atas serangkaian aktivitas yang direncanakan untuk memajukan kondisi kehidupan manusia melalui koordinasi dan keterpaduan antara pemerintah, pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat dalam upaya penyelenggaraan kesejahteraan sosial dalam mengatasi Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PMKS) menjadi kerangka kegiatan yang utuh, menyeluruh, berkelanjutan dan bersinergi, sehingga kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat lambat laun dapat ditingkatkan. Upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan sosial pemerintah memberikan program-program pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan cara memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada masyarakatnya. Program pemberdayaan masyarakat ini difokuskan pada perempuan. Program pemberdayaan di Kecamatan Gubeng ini mengambil tema tentang pembuatan Souvenir Pernikahan (Towel Cake) di harapkan dapat memberikan ide usaha kepada masyarakat khususnya perempuan.

Adapun tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah  untuk memberdayakan masyarakat kurang mampu khususnya wanita rawan ekonomi agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya secara layak, sehingga kedepannya mereka bisa membuka usaha dirumah. Selain itu dengan adanya pelatihan-pelatihan ini di harapakan masyarakat khususnya perempuan mampu menggali potensi yang ada dan di kembangkan sehingga perempuan dapat menjadi penggerak ekonomi dan perubahan bangsa.

 Kata Kunci : Souvenir, peningkatan ekonomi, Sosial.
COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF THREE TYPES OF YOGURT. THE IMPACT OF TAPIOCA POWDER ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF YOGURT
Authors:   ", MOGA Valentina Mădălina ,   Terezianum",   Technological High School of Food Industry
Published: January 2022

This research presents a comparison between three types of yogurt: classic yogurt without addition, yogurt with added skimmed milk powder (the most common yogurt additive) and yogurt with tapioca. The aim of the research is to identify whether there are differences between these three products and what is the impact of tapioca powder on the characteristics of yogurt. Experimental determinations were performed such as: sensory analysis, textural analysis, analysis of physical parameters (acidity, lactose content, syneresis).
THE CREATIVITY OF FUTURE ENGINEERS, AN INSUFFICIENTLY EXPLOITED RESOURCE IN ROMANIAN ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, MORARU Gina-Maria
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of the paper is to warn the academic environment that neither Romanian universities, nor Romanian business organizations, nor public or social ones sufficiently capitalize on students’ creativity. To begin with, we have presented some links that should be built at the society level between certain notions of creativity management and the goals of sustainable global development. In essence, any step taken by modern organizations towards sustainable development, starting with the development of a recyclable product and ending with the development and implementation of an innovative strategy, involves the maximum use of this inexhaustible resource, which is human creativity and is more pronounced among young people. After this bibliographic study, we have presented the results of a research from secondary sources carried out at the Faculty of Engineering of the “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu. We have analysed the team projects made by the students of the final years from the Mechatronics and Economic Engineering in the Mechanical Field specializations to those economic subjects that sought, among other things, to develop their creativity. The research was conducted over the last two academic years. We mention that most of the students had a job, and several of their projects used data from the companies in which they were employed. Although they had the consent of management for using and processing of data, too few organizations showed interest in the results of their scholar research. Whether or not the projects used company data, a very small number of students said that the management of the organization in which they work would be interested in their projects. Our main recommendation is to find ways to bring engineering faculties closer to organizations in the field of production and services.
NEWS REGARDING THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CAR TRANSPORTATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
Authors:   Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Academy of Romanian Scientists, ȚÎȚU Aurel Mihail , NEAMȚU Gheorghe ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, Bucharest, Romania, STAN Sebastian Emanuel ,   Land Forces Academy Nicolae Balcescu, Sibiu
Published: January 2022

The scientific paper presents a practical research carried out by the authors in order to implement certain concepts of technical nature, so that those interested in this field can become aware of a certain way of exposing the problems regarding the role of technology and autonomous vehicles in the sustainable development of car transportation. According to previous research, it has been found that human error has a share of about 95% in the occurrence of road accidents in Europe, causing thousands of human lives to be taken away annually. Experts in the field say that autonomous vehicles can significantly reduce this percentage and at the same time contribute to increasing road safety. Digital technology also has its advantages and disadvantages. It helps reduce congestion and pollution in road traffic, increases access to mobility for people with disabilities, creates new jobs, brings economic growth, increases safety in road traffic but can also become dangerous when disturbances and malfunctions make their mark on artificial intelligence. We present further a technical and managerial study with engineering nuances, through which readers can look at and understand the concept of sustainable development in a global context, presenting the place, role and current stage of development of the autonomous vehicle in the road transport system. At the end, some conclusions and further research directions in the approached field are presented.
Resident’s Awareness Towards Sustainable Tourism for Ecotourism Destination in Sundarban Forest, Bangladesh
Authors: Subrato Sarker
Published: January 2022

Nature-based tourism is increasing throughout the world. Most are based in national parks and restricted areas. UNESCO has declared 28% of the world‟s largest contiguous mangrove forest, the Sundarban, as a world heritage site in 1987. Sundarban is the largest mangrove forest in the world, which is facing various kinds of threats. More than millions of people depends on cutting the tree, hunting animal other sources that are related with Sundarban. Negative natural and anthropogenic impacts and over-exploitation of natural resources have caused severe harm to the ecosystem. A growing human population with few different support opportunities poses a significant threat to the mangrove forest. There is an illegal increase in the reduction of trees and woods in the Sundarban. Deforestation is taking an increase in most of the areas of Sundarban which will ultimately lead to the loss of diversity. The problem of overfishing has placed the surroundings below great pressure. The stock of the fish is decreasing due to the combination of overexploitation and environmental condition changes. The density of the fish in shallow waters reduced enormously. Because of the excessive demand for the prawn product, the native people dropped the normal fishing practices and adopted the prawn seed culture. Earlier traditional agricultural strategies were practiced. But today, people are adopting the techniques of using pesticides and chemicals that are affecting the flora and fauna of the region. The dumping of various industrial and domestic wastes into the river systems also possesses a threat to the environment. This forest ecosystem conjointly has become at risk of pollution, which can have modified the ecosystem. This paper suggests that nature-oriented tourism destination Sundarban can achieve sustainability through public awareness. Well-planned sustainable tourism and residence awareness could provide economic and long-term incentives for conservation and could bring additional benefits to local communities and regional economies. The paper focuses on how to increase residence awareness.
GELİŞEN BLOKZİNCİR TEKNOLOJİSİNİN VADETTİKLERİ KARŞISINDA TÜRKİYE’DE MÜZİK ALANINDA FAALİYET GÖSTEREN MESLEK BİRLİKLERİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: Gözübüyük Barış
Published: January 2022

Meslek birlikleri kullanıcılardan topladıkları telif bedellerini hak sahiplerine dağıtan, sui generis nitelikte özel hukuk tüzel kişileridir. Fikri hakların bireysel olarak takibindeki güçlükler bu hakların toplu biçimde yönetilmesini zorunlu kılmış, bu zaruriyet neticesinde de meslek birlikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu nedenle, meslek birlikleri yerine toplu hak yönetim organizasyonu ifadesi de kullanılmaktadır. Meslek birlikleri, toplu hak yönetiminde tekel hakkına sahip olan kuruluşlar olarak fikri haklar hukukunun en önemli aktörlerindendir. Bununla beraber, toplu hak yönetiminde zaman zaman aksaklıklar yaşanmaktadır. Öncelikle, hak sahipliği bilgilerinin tutulduğu merkezi veri tabanlarındaki eksiklikler ve hatalar nedeniyle bazı hallerde gerçek hak sahipleri tespit edilememekte ve hak sahiplerine eksik ödeme yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca, hak sahiplerine ödenen telif bedellerine ilişkin raporlar yeterince şeffaf olmadığı için hak sahipleri kendilerine ödenen meblağ doğru olsa dahi kafa karışıklığı yaşayabilmektedir. Son olarak, telif bedellerinin meslek birliklerince kullanıcılardan toplanarak hak sahiplerine dağıtılması uzun zaman almaktadır. Hızla gelişen ve etki alanını genişleten blokzincir teknolojisi müzik endüstrisini etkilemeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, blokzincir teknolojisi toplu hak yönetiminde yaşanan sorunlara ilişkin önemli vaatler getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, blokzincir teknolojisinin müzik endüstrisine vaad ettikleri bağlamında müzik alanında faaliyet gösteren meslek birliklerinin olası rolünün nasıl şekilleneceğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle blokzincir teknolojisinin teknik boyutu ele alınacak, sonrasında müzik eserlerinin lisanslanması, telif bedellerinin toplanması ve dağıtımı sürecinde meslek birliklerine değinilerek müzik endüstrisindeki mevcut durum ortaya konulacaktır. Ardından, blokzincir teknolojisinin müzik endüstrisinde kullanılmasının önündeki engellere değinilecektir. Nihayetinde Türkiye’de müzik alanında faaliyet gösteren meslek birliklerinin rolüne ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulunularak çalışma sonlandırılacaktır.
Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Pay, Affective Commitment and Turnover Intention among Registered Nurses in Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Benjamin , George Babu , Ogundele Alice
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, pay, affective commitment, and turnover intentions of public hospitals-based Registered Nurses in Ondo State, Nigeria. Using the quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, data from 220 Registered Nurses were analysed. Results indicate that pay and job satisfaction have significant positive relationship with nurses’ affective commitment; pay has significant positive relationship with their job satisfaction but pay, job satisfaction and affective commitment have negative relationship with turnover intentions. Job satisfaction is of critical importance in gaining nurses’ affective commitment and enhancing retention. Pay is often considered as a hygiene factor in theories of motivation – meaning, even though pay decreases might cause dissatisfaction, pay increases would not increase satisfaction. This does not appear to be the case in Nigeria. These findings have implications for health human resource management in general and the management of nursing staff in the public hospitals of Ondo State, Nigeria in particular.
A Robust Measure of Core Inflation in Saudi Arabia: Empirically Investigating the Trimmed Mean and the Median CPI
Authors: Alsabban Soleman , Alghamdi Bander , Altamimi Saud
Published: January 2022

The headline inflation in Saudi Arabia is subject to dramatic changes caused by new policies as the economy is undergoing structural changes since 2016. These changes could mislead policymakers as the underlying inflation may differ from the headline one. Since the announcement of Saudi Vision 2030 in April 2016, the Saudi economy entered a new era where the government has started to reform the economy to reduce its dependence on oil. As a result, many initiatives have been implemented with different impacts on the headline inflation such as imposing new taxes and expat levies and reforming energy prices. This research aims to calculate the core inflation in Saudi Arabia using two different methods: Trimmed Mean, and Median CPI. These two different methods were assessed based on their ability to track trends in the headline inflation over time as measured by the root mean square error and it ability to predict the future headline inflation.
Intensive moose browsing and small-scale domestic woodcutting impacts on forest successional trajectories in Gros Morne National Park, Canada
Authors: White Shannon , Zhu Xinbiao , Meng Fanrui , Taylor Scott , Bourque Charles P.-A.
Published: January 2022

Moose (Alces alces L.) browsing in Gros Morne National Park has damaged its balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.)-dominated forest. A forest estate model was used to evaluate (i) the impacts of moose browsing and woodcutting on forest succession and (ii) strategies of forest restoration through planting and moose population management. The simulation results show that under current heavy browsing pressure growing stock of balsam fir decreases by 38%, but the area of spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP and P. glauca (Moench) Voss) increases by 32% over a 100-year planning horizon, compared to that under light browsing scenario which is assumed to be similar to the forest outside the Park due to moose population management. Annual allowable cut (AAC) for the Park’s 19 400 ha domestic harvest area is estimated to be around 120 979 m3 in a light browsing scenario, 21% higher than the sustainable harvest level in a heavy browsing scenario. The model forecasts a 97% reforestation of the Park’s 7 194 ha disturbed area by planting in the heavy browsing scenario, leading to an increase in total forest growing stock by 22% and AAC by 12%. Integration of planting with moose population management could be a more efficient way of restoring forest under high browsing pressure in GMNP.
Problem of objectivity of media coverage and TV-tickers published in main news programs on Polsat and TVP
Authors: Boruch Piotr
Published: January 2022

The article contains the results of the analysis of TV-tickers published in the main editions of the Wydarzenia broadcast in the three months preceding the elections to the Polish parliament in 2019. The study showed to what extent the language used in the messages served a descriptive and to what extent - a persuasive function. In the analyzed period more than half of the texts announcing the reports were not intended to influence the perception of the events described in the materials. The results were presented in the context of the critical assessment of Wiadomości contained in the 2018 Rada Języka Polskiego report. The author's considerations are complemented by a reflection on difficulties related to meeting the expectations of mass media recipients in terms of journalists' observance of objectivity when creating media texts.
Radiation-free Insertion of Interlocked Intramedullary Tibial Nail in Closed Extra-articular Displaced Tibial Shaft Fractures in an Emergency Setup
Authors: Charak Sumeet Singh , Chib Mohinder Singh , Darokhan Mohammad Azhar Ud Din , Jamwal Preeti
Published: January 2022

Background. Interlocking nailing is considered a gold standard surgical treatment of mid-shaft closed diaphyseal tibial fractures. With increasing exposure of orthopaedic surgeons to radiation, we propose a solution to this health hazard through a study wherein we perform the surgery without any radiation or C-arm exposure.
Material and methods. This prospective study was done at GMC Jammu from January 2017 to February 2020 and included 218 patients, with 18 patients having bilateral tibia fractures in the age group 15 to 58 years (mean of 37.6 years), including 63.7% males (n=139) and 36.3% females (n=79). The 236 extra-articular closed tibial mid-diaphyseal fractures were operated on and intramedullary tibial nailing was performed without a single C-arm exposure. Postoperative x-rays were done and reduction assessed by standard acceptable criteria.
Results. Among 236 cases in which nailing was done, 227 (96%) patients were successfully distally locked, including 128 (56.3%) locked through the jig and 99 (43.6%) by “hit and trial method.” All cases met acceptability criteria set for management of tibia by nailing.
Conclusions. 1.This study strengthens the proof that closed extra-articular diaphyseal fractures of the tibia can be managed by nailing without using the C-arm with excellent results. 2.The C-arm is always available for cases where distal locking could not be achieved. 3. The technique has a great role in centres with limited facilities of intra-operative radiography in emergency operation theatres.
Compression strength-focused properties of wood composites induced by structure
Authors: Kowaluk Grzegorz , Jeżo Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Compression strength-focused properties of wood composites induced by structure. The aim of the following study was to examine the contractual compression strength and modulus of elasticity when compressing (MOEC) of three different wood composites with various structure types: softwood (coniferous) plywood, OSB and laminated particleboard 24 mm thick. The biggest MOEC value was performed by the particleboard laminated 24 mm MOEC equalling 70.00 N/mm2. The second was found by the OSB panels, equalling 63.03 N/mm2. Last, but with MOEC value close to OSB, was softwood plywood with MOEC of 62.44 N/mm2. The lowest compression strength was observed by OSB samples, with a value of 2.75 N/mm2. The second lowest value has been performed by coniferous plywood (2.80 N/mm2). The highest compression strength occurred by the particleboard laminated 24 mm, equalling 3.31 N/mm2. Density shares and density profiles of the samples were also analysed, all of the examined composites performed U-shaped density profile The results of the study showed that there is no significant correlation between density and obtained parameters under compression. Observation of density share let the Authors conclude conversely than the results showed. It is supposed that the key factor affecting the compression performance of samples was the adhesive area and solid glue content within the composites. It is assumed that the bigger total contact surface of wood particles coated with adhesive resin, so the sum of the effective (gluing particles) surfaces of the adhesive joint is the better mechanical properties can be performed. This is why the laminated particleboard gave the best mechanical properties, while the worst were observed by the softwood plywood.
Interesting Pausal Forms in the Speech of Muslims and Christians in Kufᵘr-Kanna
Authors: Zuʿbi Amal
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to describe the system of vocalic variants in pause pertaining to speakers of Arabic in Kufᵘr-Kanna (AKK) and in this regard to determine the features that characterize the AKK. As in Nazareth, the incidence of pauses in AKK varies and depends on the content, the listener and the speaker’s intentions. In AKK I detected pausal forms in the speech of middle-aged and elderly Muslims and elderly Christians. In addition to changes in consonants and vowel quality in their speech, in pausal position final syllables also undergo other modifications as compared to the contextual forms.

Unlike in Nazareth, four further types were identified in AKK: (1) lengthening of short vowels in final position: ‑Cv > ‑Cv̄#, -CvC > -Cv̄C#; lengthening of normal and anaptyctic short vowels in final closed syllables: -CvC#; (2) devoicing of voiced consonants in word-final position; (3) glottalization after con­sonants and vowels in word-final position; and (4) aspiration: addition of (h) in pausal position where the word ends in long vowels.

Key words: Arabic dialects – Pausal forms – Syllables – Long vowels – Short vowels – Christians and Muslims.
Moral Obligation to Worship God Alone
Authors: Erlwein Hannah C.
Published: January 2022

This article examines how, in his al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) addresses the problem of the obligation to thank the benefactor (wujūb shukr al-munʿim) within the context of the Quranic command to worship God alone. The obligation to thank one’s benefactor was a contentious problem among classical Islamic thinkers before Rāzī, and it was frequently discussed in fiqh and kalām works in the context of the ontology and epistemology of moral values and legal norms. Rāzī’s analysis in the Tafsīr, however, sheds light on another way in which the “thanking one’s benefactor”-problem was of relevance for classical Islamic thinkers: it is used to frame the rationale for monotheism in terms of the gratitude God deserves for being humans’ provider. This aspect of the “thanking one’s benefactor”-problem has not been highlighted in the secondary literature. This article discusses how Rāzī’s analysis of God’s sole deservedness of worship has theological, legal, and ethical/moral implications. The theological implications are found in the questions it raises about the notorious problem of causality. The legal implications become apparent in Rāzī’s interest in the ratio legis of the Quranic command and in establishing that the obligation arises with God’s sovereign decree. The ethical or moral implications, finally, are seen in his concern with how humans come to know of the goodness of monotheism and the repugnancy of polytheism. The article contextualises Rāzī’s position in the Tafsīr against the background of the fiqh and kalām debates about the “thanking one’s benefactor”-problem.
Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s Notion of Political Adab
Authors: Ryle-Hodges William
Published: January 2022

This paper extends the emphasis on contingency and context in Islamic ethical traditions into the distinctly modern context of late 19th century Khedival Egypt. I draw attention to the way Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s engagement with Islamic ethical traditions was shaped by his practice in addressing the broad social and political questions of his context to do with nation-building and political journalism. As a bureaucrat and state publicist, he took pre-modern Islamic ethical concepts into the emerging discursive field of the modern state and the public sphere in Egypt. Looking at a series of newspaper articles for the state newspaper, al-Waqāʾiʿ al-miṣriyya, I show how he articulated an ethics of citizenship by defining a modern civic notion of adab that he called “political adab.” He conceived of this adab as the answer to the problem of how a unified nation emerges from the condition of “freedom” by which journalists and the reading public at the time were conceptualizing the politics of the ʿUrābī revolution in late 1881. This was a “freedom” of the public sphere that allowed for free speech and the power of public opinion to shape governance. ‘Political adab’ would be the virtue or situational skill, internalized in each participant in the public sphere, that would regulate this freedom, ensuring that it produces unity rather than anarchy. I argue that adab here enshrined ʿAbduh’s holistic approach to nation-building; Egypt with political rights would be a nation in which the very idea of the nation is comprehensively embedded—through adab—in people’s lives, animating their “souls”. This was a politics conceived not as a self-standing domain, but as growing out of society, becoming thereby an authentic unity and self-regulating “life”. In developing this vision, ʿAbduh was amplifying pre-modern meanings of adab implying wide breadth of knowledge, good taste, and the virtues, labelled in the paper as ‘comprehensivness,’ ‘consensus’ and ‘habitus.’

Keywords: Muḥammad ʿAbduh, Adab, Freedom, Nation, Politics, Egypt
Association between age at first calving, first lactation traits and lifetime productivity in Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Tamboli P. , Bharadwaj A. , Chaurasiya A. , Bangar Y. C. , Jerome A.
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the association of age at first calving (AFC) with first lactation traits as well as lifetime performance traits in Murrah buffaloes.Methods: Data on first lactation and life time performance of Murrah buffaloes (n = 679), maintained at Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India during the period 1983 through 2017, were deduced to calculate heritability estimates, genetic and phenotypic correlation of different first lactation and lifetime traits. The univariate animal model was fitted to estimate variance components and heritability separately for each trait, while bivariate animal models were set to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits under study.Results: The heritability was high for first peak milk yield (FPY, 0.64±0.08), moderate for AFC (0.48±0.07) and breeding efficiency (BE 0.39±0.09). High genetic correlations of first lactation total milk yield (FLTMY) with first lactation standard milk yield (FLSMY, 305 days or less), FPY, and first lactation length (FLL) was seen. Likewise, genetic correlation of AFC was positive with FLTMY, FLL, first dry period (FDP), first service period (FSP), first calving interval (FCI), herd life (HL) and productive days (PD). Significant phenotypic correlation of FLTMY was observed with HL, productive life (PL), PD, total lifetime milk yield (LTMY), standard lifetime milk yield (standard LTMY). Moreover, positive genetic and phenotypic correlation of FPY was observed with HL, PL, PD, total LTMY and standard LTMY.Conclusion: This study reports that AFC had positive genetic correlation with FDP, FSP, FCI, and unproductive days while, negative association of AFC was observed with FLSMY, PL, total LTMY, standard LTMY, and BE. This suggests that reduction of AFC would results in improvement of lifetime performance traits.
Antimicrobial Usage for the Management of Mastitis in the USA: Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Alternative Approaches
Authors: D. Gelalcha Benti , E. Agga Getahun , Kerro Dego Oudessa
Published: January 2022

Mastitis is the most frequently diagnosed disease of dairy cattle responsible for the reduction in milk quantity and quality and major economic losses. Dairy farmers use antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of mastitis. Frequent antimicrobial usage (AMU) undeniably increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from dairy farms. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from dairy farms can spread to humans directly through contact with carrier animals or indirectly through the consumption of raw milk or undercooked meat from culled dairy cows. Indirect spread from dairy farms to humans can also be through dairy manure fertilized vegetables or run-off waters from dairy farms to the environment. The most frequently used antibiotics in dairy farms are medically important and high-priority classes of antibiotics. As a result, dairy farms are considered one of the potential reservoirs of ARB and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). To mitigate the rise of ARB in dairy farms, reducing AMU by adopting one or more of alternative disease control methods such as good herd health management, selective dry-cow therapy, probiotics, and others is critically important. This chapter is a concise review of the effects of antimicrobials usage to control mastitis in dairy cattle farms and its potential impact on human health.
‘Don't educate them out of educating themselves’: A conversation with Al Wunder
Authors: Krueger Anton , Wunder Albert
Published: January 2022

Al Wunder's biography, in his own words: I had four lucky breaks that precipitated my becoming a teacher of improvised movement theatre. Between the ages of eight and fourteen I broke my right leg four different times. In 1962, I began modern dance classes with Alwin Nikolais as a physical therapy. His choreography and improvisation sections of class inspired me to teach and perform professionally. I spent eight years studying, teaching, choreographing, and performing with Nikolais.1970 saw me move to the San Francisco Bay area where I opened a dance studio teaching Nikolais dance technique and improvisation. In 1971, I joined forces with Terry Sendgraff and Ruth Zaporah creating The Berkeley Dance Theater & Gymnasium. My focus was to create a way to teach dance technique through improvisation. I met my Australian wife, Lynden Nicholls, in 1981 when she came to study Motivity at Terry’s studio in Berkeley. In 1982, I moved to Melbourne, Australia where Lynden and I set up a dance studio. My focus changed from teaching dance technique improvisationally to teaching improvised movement theatre performance.Over the next thirty years I developed a pedagogy that inspired professional and non-professional performers to create improvised movement theatre pieces. In 2006, I self-published a book, The Wonder of Improvisation. In 2017, a documentary was made by Michelle Dunn, The Wonder of Improvisation. In 2021, a book was written by Hilary Elliott and published by Routledge, The Motional Improvisation of Al Wunder.
Personas mayores, participación y cambio social antes y después del COVID-19
Authors: Medina Ruiz Elvira
Published: January 2022

Social participation is closely linked to well-being and healthy aging, generating physical and psychological benefits. However, older people tend to lower levels of participation and social interaction after retirement although many others continue to militate and participate in non-profit organisations and social movements.The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has had a strong impact at the social and health level, with the elderly being the main victims, not only due to the high mortality rates but because the social distancing measures imposed for their protection have led to a worsening of social isolation and the feeling of loneliness of our elders. It is urgent to create safe spaces to increase levels of social participation.

La participación social está estrechamente ligada al bienestar y un envejecimiento saludable generando beneficios físicos y psicológicos. Sin embargo, las personas mayores tienen tendencia a bajar los niveles de participación e interacción social tras la jubilación, aunque otros muchos continúan militando y participando en entidades y movimientos sociales. La pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 ha tenido un fuerte impacto a nivel social y sanitario siendo los principales perjudicados las personas mayores, no solo por las elevadas tasas de mortalidad sino porque las medidas de distanciamiento social impuestas para su protección, han dado lugar a un agravamiento del aislamiento social y el sentimiento de soledad de nuestros mayores. Es urgente generar espacios seguros para aumentar los niveles de participación social.
Arte colaborativo y Distritos culturales. Revisitando algunas fuentes
Authors: Aumente Rivas Pilar
Published: January 2022

The reflection on the collaborative calls for a review of the contemporary roots of the concept (Kropotkin) and its development (Ostrom). It is the core of our study. Another section is dedicated to some theorists of Cultural Districts (Sacco, Ferilli) who seem to make possible the passage from the "isolated one-subject" to the "we-working together-collective", reviewing their level of differentiation. The objectives of the study are: to characterize the scope of the collaborative through its sources; select some of the main notions of the collaborative universe; revisit them highlighting features provided; point out aspects of the current theory of the Districts, in order to the compatibility or discrepancy with the collaborative. The theoretical focus of the research calls for a methodology based on the management of the legacy of knowledge that supports collaborative actions, as well as the development of cultural districts. Sequencing supposes rereading in historical development of source texts of key, founding and current collaborative theories; selection of fragments that characterize the identifying notions; choice of theorists of Cultural Districts that allow a suitable analysis with respect to objectives; critical presentation of the theoretical aspects of compatibility or disparity from the theory of Districts, in relation to the collaborative world.

La reflexión sobre lo colaborativo insta a la revisión de las raíces contemporáneas del concepto (Kropotkin) y su desarrollo (Ostrom). Es el núcleo de nuestro estudio. Otra sección está dedicada a algunos teóricos de Distritos Culturales (Sacco, Ferilli) que parecen posibilitar el paso del “uno-sujeto aislado”, al “nosotros-trabajando juntos-colectivo”, Revisando su nivel de diferenciación.  Los objetivos del estudio son: caracterizar el ámbito de lo colaborativo a través de sus fuentes; seleccionar algunas de las principales nociones del universo colaborativo; revisitarlas destacando características aportadas; señalar aspectos de la teoría actual de los Distritos, en orden a la compatibilidad o discrepancia con lo colaborativo. El enfoque teórico de la investigación insta a una metodología basada en el manejo del legado de conocimientos que sustenta las acciones colaborativas, así como el desarrollo de los distritos culturales. La secuenciación supone relectura en desarrollo histórico de textos-fuente de teorías colaborativas clave, fundadoras y actuales; selección de fragmentos que caractericen las nociones identificativas; elección de teóricos de Distritos Culturales que posibiliten un análisis idóneo respecto a objetivos; presentación crítica, de los aspectos teóricos de compatibilidad o disparidad desde la teoría de los Distritos, en relación al mundo colaborativo.
The structure of medium-scale pool fires
Authors: Falkenstein-Smith Ryan , Sung Kunhyuk , Chen Jian , Harris Kimberly , Hamins Anthony
Published: January 2022

This report documents a series of time-averaged gas species measurements made along the centerline of methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, and propane pool fires steadily burning in a quiescent environment. All gas species measurements are obtained using a Gas Chromatograph/ Mass Spectrometer System (GC/MS) for gas samples extracted at various heights above the fire and repeated at least twice at each location. Gas species volume fractions are determined via the GC/MS using predetermined calibration factors. Soot mass fractions are simultaneously measured during the gas sampling process. The gas species volume and soot mass fractions are compared at different heights within the fire and across a variety of different fuels. Other fire parameters are measured as well, including time-averaged temperature and velocity measurements and mass burning rates.
Le coeur mangé à plusieurs sauces
Authors: Moser-Verrey Monique
Published: January 2022

The « eaten heart » is a scandalous meal that is to be found in literature from its very start. This story rests on various narrative configurations and topoï rooted in a triangular relationship. The heroine’s lover offers her his heart. But her husband turns it into a dish. She actually enjoys this dish but dies as soon as she finds out that she ate her lovers heart. This study follows the variations of the topos both through time and literary genres from the troubadours’s courtly poems all the way to Sade’s pervers stories. The tragical subject matter also triggered parodies, who either magnified the cannibalism or rejected the appalling meal, preferring a comical resolution. It appears however that from the Middle Ages to the dawn of Romanticism lovers show very little appetite. Their amorous communion truly transcends all greedy misfortunes of this world.
Des mets et des mots : nommer les mets dans la littérature du XVIe siècle espagnol
Authors: Peyrebonne Nathalie
Published: January 2022

The Renaissance believed in the creative power of names. Particularly in 16th-century Spain, there was an effort to put words on a whole series of new realities, particularly those of the New World, where the discovery of new vegetal, animal and mineral species multiplied the need for new terms, or for broadening the scope of those that already existed. Literary texts largely integrated this requirement. Literature was thus going to name the world, especially in a space to which it granted a renewed place: the table, all the more so since the meal makes it possible to immobilise people momentarily, which makes it possible for language to unfolding with greater ease, to really invest the space. Sitting at the dinner table sets the conditions necessary for a discussion to take place. The authors at the time therefore often resorted to it. At the table, the man discusses the most diverse subjects from all over the world. But, inevitably, what he is looking at in front of him, the food, will prevail in his reflection. Hence a marked interest in food vocabulary in the texts, particularly through a real fascination for certain dishes. But naming the dishes also makes it possible to touch on issues that go far beyond food itself: what then do words that talk about dishes really talk about? This is what we will try to identify here.
Nourritures terrestres, nourritures célestes et rhétorique du sublime dans l'art de Bossuet panégyriste
Authors: Pelleton Nicolas
Published: January 2022

In the Panegyrics of saint Gorgon, Bossuet uses the topics of eating and drinking, and changes its meaning under the paradigm of catholic dogma : it doesn't help any more to express humiliation, but to express the greatness of christianism. This paradoxical construction of christian sublime forms the bedrock of an approach of language as eating and digesting : the topical construction raises the legendary aspect of the narrative of martyrdom - a border case of narrative fiction -, which is itself a component of the poetics of panegyric.
Jurassic evolution and the structure of the central part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Carpathians) in Poland – new insight from the Czertezik Succession type area
Authors: Wierzbowski Andrzej , Wierzbowski Hubert , Segit Tomasz , Krobicki Michał
Published: January 2022

The Czertezik Succession of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland is assigned herein to its type area of occurrence – the main Pieniny Range, between Zamkowa Góra and Czertezik mounts. The reworked deposits of uppermost Pliensbachian, Toarcian and possibly Aalenian to lowermost Bajocian discovered in crinoidal limestones which indicate redeposition processes, especially during the Bajocian, are considered to be clearly important for reconstructing the depositional history. The redeposited Pliensbachian is represented by clasts of spotty limestones, the Toarcian by ferruginous grains and fragments of crusts/large oncoids of the ammonitico-rosso type (?Adnet Fm.), whereas the Aalenian and lowermost Bajocian is possibly represented by clasts of siliciclastic deposits and phosphatic nodules. This part of the succession resulted from the activity of rifting phases at the end of the Early Jurassic, and in the Bajocian, which caused the development of the special sedimentary environments typical of the Czertezik Succession. The younger Middle to Late Jurassic deposits represented by nodular limestones, radiolarites and micritic well-bedded limestones show a less distinct facies pattern, which is in part similar to that of other successions of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, although some rock-units such as the newly established Zamkowa Góra Bed, revealing the continuation of redeposition processes, remain specific to the Czertezik Succession. The Jurassic structure of the central part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland is revised due to the introduction of the Czertezik Ridge as a new palaeogeographic unit being the place of deposition of the Czertezik Succession. The revised position of the deposits shifts the structural affinity of the Czertezik Succession from the Subpieniny Nappe to the base of the Pieniny Nappe sensu Uhlig, 1907, and implies its closer palaeogeographic position to the Branisko–Pieniny successions than to the Czorsztyn–Niedzica successions as has been interpreted so far.
A new specimen of the basal macronarian Camarasaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) highlights variability and cranial allometry within the genus
Authors: Woodruff D. Cary , Wilhite D. Ray , Larson Peter L. , Eads Matthew
Published: January 2022

Camarasaurus represents one of the most common dinosaurs from North America, and certainly a contender for one of the most abundantly represented dinosaur taxa worldwide. With numerous specimens ranging the gamut of completeness and maturity, Camarasaurus would theoretically represent a neosauropodian exemplar towards better understanding intra- and interspecific variation, dimorphism, and life history development and strategies. And yet, counterintuitively, its abundance is seemingly a deterrent for active research. Herein we describe a new specimen of Camarasaurus sp. which is most notably known from a nearly complete and articulated skull. While Camarasaurus cranial material is unquestionably the most common sauropod cranial material from North America, our understanding of the total cranial morphology is limited, and largely relies on more limited and historic specimens. In addition to further illuminating the morphology and variation present in Camarasaurus crania, associated post-crania also allow for the first recognition of possible cranial allometry. The identification of this perplexing cranial allometry in several specimens indicates that it is not a singular variation. Though this analysis was not able to source the causal mechanism, factors such as taxonomy, dimorphism, or extreme intra-/intraspecific variation are all possible considerations for future analyses. The recognition of this undocumented cranial allometry further emphasizes that despite being so numerous, there is still vast gaps in our knowledge about Camarasaurus; and this analysis further echoes that the genus is in desperate need of revision.
Type I and II PRMTs inversely regulate post-transcriptional intron detention through Sm and CHTOP methylation
Authors: Maron Maxim I , Casill Alyssa D , Gupta Varun , Roth Jacob S , Sidoli Simone , Query Charles C , Gamble Matthew J , Shechter David
Published: January 2022

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are required for the regulation of RNA processing factors. Type I PRMT enzymes catalyze mono- and asymmetric dimethylation; Type II enzymes catalyze mono- and symmetric dimethylation. To understand the specific mechanisms of PRMT activity in splicing regulation, we inhibited Type I and II PRMTs and probed their transcriptomic consequences. Using the newly developed Splicing Kinetics and Transcript Elongation Rates by Sequencing (SKaTER-seq) method, analysis of co-transcriptional splicing demonstrated that PRMT inhibition resulted in altered splicing rates. Surprisingly, co-transcriptional splicing kinetics did not correlate with final changes in splicing of polyadenylated RNA. This was particularly true for retained introns (RI). By using actinomycin D to inhibit ongoing transcription, we determined that PRMTs post-transcriptionally regulate RI. Subsequent proteomic analysis of both PRMT-inhibited chromatin and chromatin-associated polyadenylated RNA identified altered binding of many proteins, including the Type I substrate, CHTOP, and the Type II substrate, SmB. Targeted mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in SmD3, SmB, and SmD1 recapitulated splicing changes seen with Type II PRMT inhibition, without disrupting snRNP assembly. Similarly, mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in CHTOP recapitulated the splicing changes seen with Type I PRMT inhibition. Examination of subcellular fractions further revealed that RI were enriched in the nucleoplasm and chromatin. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, through Sm and CHTOP arginine methylation, PRMTs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of nuclear, detained introns.
Development, validation, and application of a machine learning model to estimate salt consumption in 54 countries
Authors: Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
Published: January 2022

Global targets to reduce salt intake have been proposed, but their monitoring is challenged by the lack of population-based data on salt consumption. We developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict salt consumption at the population level based on simple predictors and applied this model to national surveys in 54 countries. We used 21 surveys with spot urine samples for the ML model derivation and validation; we developed a supervised ML regression model based on sex, age, weight, height, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We applied the ML model to 54 new surveys to quantify the mean salt consumption in the population. The pooled dataset in which we developed the ML model included 49,776 people. Overall, there were no substantial differences between the observed and ML-predicted mean salt intake (p<0.001). The pooled dataset where we applied the ML model included 166,677 people; the predicted mean salt consumption ranged from 6.8 g/day (95% CI: 6.8–6.8 g/day) in Eritrea to 10.0 g/day (95% CI: 9.9–10.0 g/day) in American Samoa. The countries with the highest predicted mean salt intake were in the Western Pacific. The lowest predicted intake was found in Africa. The country-specific predicted mean salt intake was within reasonable difference from the best available evidence. An ML model based on readily available predictors estimated daily salt consumption with good accuracy. This model could be used to predict mean salt consumption in the general population where urine samples are not available.
Seasonal Cruise Q3
Authors: Reigstad Marit , Gabrielsen Tove , Amargant Marti , Amundsen Rita , Bluhm Bodil , Bodur Yasemin , Bremnes Jan , Brun Nadja , Dalpadao Padmini , Dmoc Kasia , Edvardsen Bente , Garnett Jack , Gawinski Christine , Giebichenstein Julia , Haarr Ane , Hoff Siv , Jorda Eric , Karlsson Konrad , Kohler Stephen , Leithe Jon , Marquardt Miriam , Morel Christian , Müller Oliver , Liholt Håvard N. , Nordstrand Jan Vidar , Nowicki Robynne , Olsen Lasse , Ortiz Griselda Anglada , Pedersen Ronald , Sanchez Nicolas , Saubrekka Karoline , Sen Arunima , Stige Leif Christian , Stippkugel Angela , Vader Anna , Wold Anette , Yadetie Fekadu
Published: January 2022

The Nansen Legacy Q3 cruise, 5-27 August 2019, initiated the seasonal investigations of the Nansen Legacy transect. The transect represent an environmental gradient going through the northern Barents Sea, and included 7 process stations (P1-P7) lasting 6-53 hrs. CTD stations were taken to increase the hydrographic resolution on the transect. The program included measurements and sampling from the atmosphere, sea ice, ocean and sea floor. Data collected ranged from physical observations, chemical, biological and geological data collection, and the aim was to link observations and measurements to improve our understanding of the systems involving both climate, human impacts and the ecosystems. Deployment of moorings and gliders extended the observational capacity in time and space, outside the cruise period.