bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Concepts in Prevention of Sports Injuries
Authors:   [1] Department of Orthopaedics, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India  [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Holy Spirit Hospital, Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Desouza Clevio Joao Baptista , Antao Nicholas ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Holy Spirit Hospital, Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The contemporary surge in sports participation, from recreational to professional levels, has brought forth an undeniable enthusiasm for physical activity. However, this heightened engagement comes with an inherent risk of sports-related injuries, spanning various nature and severity. This article introduces the imperative need for a systematic and practical approach to prevent sports injuries, emphasizing the age-diverse demographic involved and the multifaceted motivations driving sports participation. Materials and Methods: The “Rule of 10,” presented in this paper, serves as a comprehensive guideline for sports injury prevention. The methodology encompasses a range of proactive measures addressing pre-season preparation, athlete education, and holistic strategies to mitigate injury risks. Each facet of the rule, from pre-season physical check-ups to emphasizing psychological preparedness, contributes to a cohesive and multifaceted injury prevention framework. Conclusion: We through our review article have focused on the “Rule of 10” which advocates a holistic approach to sports injury prevention, integrating pre-season assessments, diverse training, and technology. It emphasizes resilience, education, and collective responsibility for athlete well-being. Keywords: Agility, Endurance, Prevention, Sports, Strength.
What’s New and Relevant in Proximal Tibia Fractures?
Authors:   Dr DY Patil Hospital Navi Mumbai, India,, Kale Sachin , Mehta Nrupam ,   Dr DY Patil Hospital Navi Mumbai, India,, Vatkar Arvind ,   Orthopaedic Consultant at Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India,, Ghodke Rahul ,   Assistant Professor, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai , India., Dey Joydeep ,   Dr DY Patil Hospital Navi Mumbai, India,
Published: January 2024

Proximal tibia fractures include fractures of the tibia plateau and metaphyses and are relatively common injuries. The goals of treatment follow AO principles of anatomic reduction of the articular surface, restoration of limb alignment, length, and rotation. Despite notable advancements in implant design, management of proximal tibia fractures remains formidable. These fractures manifest as comminuted, intra-articular complexities, compounded by the inherent fragility of the osteoporotic bone, thereby rendering fixation a particularly intricate risk. In the realm of geriatric trauma, where comorbidities abound, therapeutic decision-making becomes a nuanced endeavor. We have aimed to bring together all the recent advances and literature in the management of proximal tibia fractures through this article. Keywords: Proximal tibia, Plating, Nailing, Prosthesis.
Trends in Guided Growth for Correction of Angular Deformities around the Knee: Past, Present, and Future
Authors:   [1] Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Sir H.N. Reliance and Apollo Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [2] Department of Orthopaedics, K.B. Bhabha Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Keny Swapnil M.
Published: January 2024

The principles of guided growth have been followed in orthopaedics since historic times . The bent tree braced to a stake to make it grow upward and straight is the first reference to the principles of growth modulation in the annals of orthopaedic history Keywords: Guided Growth, Epiphysiodesis, Hemiepiphysiodesis, growth modulation, eight plates, genu varum, genu valgum, deformity correction, pediatric orthopaedics, growth plate
Surgical Management of Irreparable Massive Rotator Cuff Tears – Current Concepts
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, India., Sharma Gaurav , Garude Sanjay ,   [1] Department of Orthopaedics, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, India. [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, India.
Published: January 2024

The treatment of irreparable massive rotator cuff tear is a challenge for shoulder surgeons due to myriad of options presently available. The conservative methods are usually associated with suboptimal outcomes. The present review aims to discuss the current evidence for treating irreparable massive rotator cuff tears and propose an algorithm for the decision making. Keywords: Irreparable, massive, rotator cuff tears, tendon transfer, superior capsular reconstruction
Newer Coronal Alignment Philosophies in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Brief Review
Authors:   Adult Joint Reconstruction Surgeon, ORTHOPOD Speciality Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400 001, India., Dhamangaonkar Anoop C
Published: January 2024

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries have been one of the most successful surgeries over the past half a decade. However a substantial proportion of patients undergoing TKA have the feeling of their replaced knee being an ‘unnatural one’. Also the conventional TKA requires the surgeon to maintain a coronal plane Hip Knee Angle (HKA) of 180 deg with the joint line being parallel to the horizontal and this requires a significant soft tissue release. Recently there are many different pre arthritic knee phenotypes been described with varying joint line obliquities and HKA angles. It is this difference of coronal HKA axis and joint line obliquity in the non replaced and the replaced knee that is believed to be the cause of dissatisfaction after TKA. Many coronal plane alignment philosophies have been reported to bridge this gap as mentioned earlier which replicate the pre arthritic knee anatomy with minimal soft tissue release. The only concern of the different philosophies is the long term implant survival when fixed in a non mechanically aligned position. However robotics have added a significant safety with calibrated execution to prevent outliers and improve implant survivorship. This is a brief review of the different coronal plane alignment philosophies in TKA. Keywords: Coronal, alignment, dissatisfaction, HKA, joint line obliquity
Treatment of Severe Genu Valgum Deformity Secondary to Renal Osteodystrophy by Medial Close Wedge Osteotomy using an Innovative Trigonometric Technique of Wedge Calculation
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, ESI-PGIMSR, New Delhi, India, Sahu Vaibhav , Garg Gaurav ,   Department of Orthopedics, ESI-PGIMSR, New Delhi, India
Published: January 2024

Genu valgum is one of the most common deformity of the knee in which the knee bend toward the midline with increase in the intermalleolar distance. It is often treated surgically with the osteotomy or by growth modulation techniques such as hemiepiphysiodesis using bone staplers. We, hereby, present a case of 16-year-old female with severe genu valgum deformity of bilateral lower limbs secondary to renal osteodystrophy causing pain in her bilateral lower limbs and inability to walk. She was treated by McEwan’s close wedge osteotomy using an innovative trigonometric-based technique for calculation of wedge size which resulted in accurate correction of deformity. Keywords: Genu valgum, Renal osteodystrophy, Medial close wedge osteotomy, Trigonometric method of wedge calculation.
Primary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in the Iliac Bone: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Jain Mantu , Tripathy Sujit Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Mishra Narayan Prasad ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Ayyanar Pavithra ,   Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Singh Avnish Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are non-neoplastic expansile, vascular, osteolytic benign tumors in the long bone, spine, and sternum. The location in the pelvis is sparse. Case Report: A 12-year-old female presented with pain in her left pelvis for 6 months. On radiological examination, we found an expansile balloting lytic lesion involving almost the whole ilium and sparing the hip joint. There were multiple fluid levels seen on magnetic resonance imaging. The initial biopsy suggested ABC. Curettage and bone grafting were done along with electrocauterization and chemical cauterization. At 1-year follow-up, she is doing well without any complaints. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates a rare ABC of the ilium that was managed with curettage and bone grafting. Keywords: Pelvic iliac bone, aneurysmal bone cysts, curettage, chemical sclerotherapy, bone grafting.
The Functional Outcome of Surgical Management of Spondylolisthesis with Posterior Stabilization and Fusion
Authors: Noordeen S , Fleming C , Gokulakrishnan R , Sivanandan M Hari
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition characterized by the forward displacement of one vertebra over another, leading to instability and associated symptoms. Surgical intervention is often recommended for patients with symptomatic spondylolisthesis unresponsive to conservative treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze the functional outcomes of surgical management utilizing posterior stabilization and fusion techniques in patients with spondylolisthesis. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for spondylolisthesis with posterior trans-pedicular screw fixation with conventional or reduction screws and fusion. Meyerding’s grade of listhesis, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and pain scores such as visual analog scale (VAS), numerical rating scale 11 (NRS-11), and pain relief rate were used to analyze the functional outcome. Results: Postoperatively, Meyerding’s grade of listhesis and the JOA score had improved significantly. The ODI score and pain scores such as VAS, NRS-11, and pain relief rate were better after surgical interventions. There was full motor recovery in 13 patients and 14 patients had full sensory recovery, while six patients had sensory blunting at the time of the time of the last follow-up. Twenty-six (80.7%) patients had clinically successful results and radiological/clinical fusion while four of the patients did not achieve a clinically successful result and radiological/clinical fusion. The average time for bony fusion was 5.58 months with the earliest being 4 months and the latest 12 months. Intraoperatively, one patient had screw slippage and one had a dural tear. Postoperatively, four patients had infection, two patients were presented with deep infection, and the instrumentation had been removed. Conclusion: This study demonstrated favorable functional outcomes and improvements in pain, disability, and quality of life measures following surgical intervention. Keywords: Low back pain, spondylolisthesis, posterior stabilization and fusion, functional outcome.
Critical race theory, policy ambiguity and implementation: a multiple streams framework analysis
Authors: Schneider Jen , Fowler Luke
Published: January 2024

While the events leading up to the nation’s first ban of critical race theory, Idaho’s House Bill 377, was attention-grabbing given the controversy and salience of the issues, its implementation has been lacklustre as these issues have faded from the agenda. This article uses the multiple streams framework (MSF) to unravel these events and understand both why Idaho tackled the CRT (critical race theory) ‘problem’ and how problem framing around indoctrination impacted the progression of this policy through agenda-setting to implementation. Findings from this small-scale qualitative study illustrate how Idaho politics provided fertile ground for entrepreneurs to seize on indoctrination from educational institutions perceived to be overly liberal or ‘leftist’ and couple it with proposals to ban CRT. Following adoption, though, entrepreneurs failed to influence decisions within universities with the same efficaciousness. This caused streams to decouple, as faculty did not accept the indoctrination narrative, leading to some disruption in teaching practices but inconsistent implementation overall. As well as analysing this important empirical case, this article highlights important theoretical issues for MSF, such as the mechanisms of decoupling and the reliability of information in shaping policy narratives, and how they operate across the latter stages of the policy process, namely policy adoption and implementation.
Improving RGB illuminant estimation exploiting spectral average radiance
Authors: Erba Ilaria , Buzzelli Marco , Thomas Jean-Baptiste , Hardeberg Jon Yngve , Schettini Raimondo
Published: January 2024

We introduce a method that enhances RGB color constancy accuracy by combining neural network and k-means clustering techniques. Our approach stands out from previous works because we combine multispectral and color information together to estimate illuminants. Furthermore, we investigate the combination of the illuminant estimation in the RGB color and in the spectral domains, as a strategy to provide a refined estimation in the RGB color domain. Our investigation can be divided into three main points: (1) identify the spatial resolution for sampling the input image in terms of RGB color and spectral information that brings the highest performance; (2) determine whether it is more effective to predict the illuminant in the spectral or in the RGB color domain, and finally, (3) assuming that the illuminant is in fact predicted in the spectral domain, investigate if it is better to have a loss function defined in the RGB color or spectral domain. Experimental results are carried out on NUS: a standard dataset of multispectral radiance images with an annotated spectral global illuminant. Among the several considered options, the best results are obtained with a model trained to predict the illuminant in the spectral domain using an RGB color loss function. In terms of comparison with the state of the art, this solution improves the recovery angular error metric by 66% compared to the best tested spectral method, and by 41% compared to the best tested RGB method.
Sample-orientation effects in solid-state high-harmonic generation: computational study of GaAs
Authors: Kolesik Miroslav
Published: January 2024

We report on a large-scale simulation study of the sample-orientation effects in solid-state high-harmonic generation, utilizing a fully three-dimensional GaAs model in conjunction with a solver for semiconductor Bloch equations that faithfully reflects the material symmetry and accounts for the optical response from the entire Brillouin zone. The simulations, qualitatively compared to two sets of independent measurements, demonstrate that the orientation-resolved high-harmonic spectra represent an effective tool for rigorous testing of material models. The results are relevant for the future development of all-optical reconstruction of electronic band-structure from the solid-state high-harmonic generation measurements.
Inverse design in photonics: introduction
Authors: Kroker Stefanie , Lanteri Stéphane , Miller Owen , Niegemann Jens , Ramunno Lora
Published: January 2024

In this introduction, we provide an overview of the papers that were accepted for publication in the feature issue on inverse design in photonics. This feature issue presents cutting-edge research on methodological contributions and applications of inverse design in photonics.
Quantum ghost imaging of a vector field
Authors: Li Zhi-Xiang , Zhu Dong , Tang Jiang-Shan , Chen Ming-Yuan , Ruan Ya-Ping , Liu Jian-Ji , Zhang Han , Chen Peng , Xia Ke-Yu , Zhang Li-Jian , Lu Yan-Qing
Published: January 2024

Quantum ghost image technique utilizing position or momentum correlations between entangled photons can realize nonlocal reconstruction of the image of an object. In this work, based on polarization entanglement, we experimentally demonstrate quantum ghost imaging of vector images by using a geometric phase object. We also provide a corresponding theoretical analysis. Additionally, we offer a geometrical optics path explanation of ghost imaging for vector fields. The proposed strategy offers new insights into the fundamental development of ghost imaging and also holds great promise for developing complex structured ghost imaging techniques. Our work expanding the principle of ghost imaging to spatially varying vector beams will lead to interesting developments of this field.
Passively Q-switched Nd3+ solid-state lasers with hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene and graphdiyne as saturable absorbers
Authors: Ren Zihan , Yuan Junjie , Wang Zhengping , Zhao Chuanrui , Du Binjian , Zhao Zhenyu , Liu Qianhou , Zhang Fang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, two-dimensional Graphdiyne and Hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene nanosheets were prepared using the liquid-phase exfoliation method and were then successfully applied to 1.06 µm passively Q-Switched all-solid-state lasers. The Hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene was applied for the first time in passively Q-Switched all-solid-state lasers, as we know. For Graphdiyne, the Q-Switched pulse achieved a narrowest pulse width of 415 ns, a maximum repetition frequency of 244.2 kHz, a maximum pulse energy of 133.53 nJ, and peak power of 321.77 mW was obtained. While, the narrowest pulse width, maximum repetition frequency, maximum pulse energy, and peak power for Hexakis-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene are approximately 398.4 ns, 297.1 kHz, 89.61 nJ, and 220.39 mW respectively. The findings demonstrate the promising potential of both candidates as saturable absorbers for signal modulation in solid-state lasers.
Distribution of intensity and M2 factor for a partially coherent flat-topped beam in bidirectional turbulent atmosphere and plasma connection
Authors: Wang Xinzhuang , Zhang Hui , Gao Yaru , Wei Dongmei , Cai Yangjian , Yuan Yangsheng
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the bidirectional transmission of a partially coherent flat-topped beam in a turbulent atmosphere and plasma. Analytical formulas for the intensity distribution and M2 factor are derived based on the optical transmission matrix, Collins formula, and second moment theory with Wigner distribution function. Numerical results show that the beam order and transverse spatial coherence width can be selected appropriately to mitigate turbulence and plasma induced evolution properties. The partially coherent flat-topped beam propagation through a turbulent atmosphere and plasma of the forward transmission effect on the intensity distribution and M2 factor are smaller than that of the reverse transmission. Under the same conditions, the M2 factor of a partially coherent flat-topped beam is smaller than the Gaussian beam in bidirectional transmission. Our results can be used in long-distance free-space optical communications.
Daytime HyWFS approach for daylight adaptive optics wavefront sensing
Authors: Huang Linshu , Yao Kainan , Chen Lu , Wang Jianli , Liu Yinnian
Published: January 2024

Bright daylight photon noise and the saturation of wavefront sensors pose challenges to high-resolution daytime imaging. In this paper, a daytime hybrid wavefront sensor (HyWFS) approach for real-time wavefront sensing in daylight adaptive optics (AO) is described. The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) algorithm is used to efficiently compensate large-scale wavefronts, while the pyramid wavefront sensor (PyWFS) algorithm offers highly sensitive correction of small wavefronts. Daylight closed-loop AO experiments were performed using the daytime HyWFS approach with both algorithms, respectively. The experiment results indicate that the proposed approach provides accurate daylight AO correction and allows for a simple switch between the two algorithms without increasing system complexity. The daytime HyWFS approach can serve as an alternative for daylight natural guide star AO, enabling high-resolution observation of resident space objects no longer limited to dawn and dusk.
Passive wavelength selective polarization rotator in a hybrid waveguide platform
Authors: Dash Rahul K. , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: January 2024

Polarization rotation and wavelength filtering are key functionalities used to build complex photonic integrated circuits. Both these functionalities have been demonstrated in various material and device platforms. We propose, for the first time, a fully passive wavelength selective polarization rotation in silicon nitride/amorphous silicon hybrid waveguide. We demonstrate TE0 → TM0 and TM0 → TE0 wavelength selective polarization rotator-cum-filter with a measured 3dB bandwidth of 14.8 nm. Further, we experimentally demonstrate a proof of concept for simultaneous coarse wavelength division multiplexing and polarization rotation for the first time in a passive configuration. We also show the feasibility of bandwidth engineering from 0.59 nm to 81 nm, enabled by the unique flexibility of the proposed hybrid waveguide.
CMOS-compatible 6-inch wafer integration of photonic waveguides and uniformity analysis
Authors: Huang Yi-Kai , Wang Pei-Hsun
Published: January 2024

In this work, we demonstrate photonic fabrication by integrating waveguide resonators and groove structures using cost-effective i-line stepper lithography on a 6-inch full wafer. Low-loss silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide can be realized with the quality (Q) factor of waveguide resonators up to 105. In addition, groove structures are also integrated by the full-wafer process, providing long-term stability of coupling and package solutions. The uniformity of different die locations is verified within the full wafer, showing the good quality of the fabricated photonic devices. This process integration of photonic devices provides the potential for mass-productive, high-yield, and high-uniformity manufacturing.
Extended eigenvalue calibration method for overdetermined Mueller matrix polarimeters
Authors: Rosales Saúl A. , Garcia Caurel Enrique , Ossikovski Razvigor
Published: January 2024

The eigenvalue calibration method is a versatile approach that can be applied to any type of the Mueller matrix polarimetic setup because a precise knowledge of the optical response of the setup components is not required. The method has usually been employed in its original form to calibrate non-overdetermined polarimeters dealing with intensity data arranged in 4 × 4 matrices, but it can also be applied to calibrate overdetermined polarimeters with intensity data matrices of higher dimension. The main drawback with the original formulation of the method is its sensitivity to noise in the input data, especially if applied as it is to overdetermined intensity matrices. In the present work, we present a rigorous extension of the conventional eigenvalue calibration method to treat overdetermined data. We experimentally show that the proposed method does not enhance noise propagation, and therefore it does not degrade the quality of Mueller matrices measured with overdetermined polarimeters.
OAM-mode coupling by segmented helical-ring-core waveguides inscribed with a femtosecond laser beam
Authors: Likhov Vladislav , Vasiliev Sergei , Alagashev Grigory , Okhrimchuk Andrey
Published: January 2024

Azimuthally segmented helical-ring-core waveguides (HRCWs) were fabricated in silica glass by direct laser writing. Triple-segmented waveguides provided single-mode or few-mode light guidance depending on the core diameter. Bragg resonance reflection of the light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) was registered confirming the generalized angular phase-matching condition, which considers the azimuthally segmented structure of the waveguides.
Challenges experienced by induced lactation women in Malaysia: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Che Abdul Rahim Norsyamlina , Sulaiman Zaharah , Ismail Tengku Alina Tengku
Published: January 2024

Background

Induction of lactation occurs when breast milk is produced in a human (woman), without going through the process of pregnancy and delivery. Efforts to produce milk by women who had never been pregnant and give birth are not easy. According to the many who have attempted it, it is far more arduous a task than initiating postpartum lactation, but it is possible and worth the effort.

Research aim

This study aimed to explore and understand the challenges for women during induced lactation in Malaysia.

Methods

This qualitative study was done in 2017 and utilized in-depth interview among women who induced lactation in five states based on five regions in Malaysia [Central Region (Selangor), Northern Region (Penang), Southern Region (Johor), East Coast Region (Kelantan), Malaysia Borneo (Sabah)]. All interviews were consented, audio-recorded then transcribed verbatim, followed by identification of main themes.

Results

Data saturation was achieved after interviewing a total of 23 induced lactation women. Data synthesized using thematic analysis revealed six themes describing the main challenges during the induction process were (1) health condition, (2) work commitment, (3) overexertion, (4) not eligible to take leave, (5) inability to follow the treatment plan, and (6) difficulty attaching the adopted baby to initiate breastfeeding during induced lactation process.

Conclusions

The challenges faced by women during the process of induced lactation were complex and the induced lactation process requires considerable dedication and determination. The findings of this research will help other women and their spouses/partners comprehend the challenges, obstacles, and support that are needed along the induced lactation process. The Government and other stakeholders have roles in more efforts and programs to help these mothers breastfeed their adoptive child and make them feel more accomplished as women and mothers.
An ensemble learning method with GAN-based sampling and consistency check for anomaly detection of imbalanced data streams with concept drift
Authors: Liu Yansong , Wang Shuang , Sui He , Zhu Li
Published: January 2024

A challenge to many real-world data streams is imbalance with concept drift, which is one of the most critical tasks in anomaly detection. Learning nonstationary data streams for anomaly detection has been well studied in recent years. However, most of the researches assume that the class of data streams is relatively balanced. Only a few approaches tackle the joint issue of imbalance and concept drift. To overcome this joint issue, we propose an ensemble learning method with generative adversarial network-based sampling and consistency check (EGSCC) in this paper. First, we design a comprehensive anomaly detection framework that includes an oversampling module by generative adversarial network, an ensemble classifier, and a consistency check module. Next, we introduce double encoders into GAN to better capture the distribution characteristics of imbalanced data for oversampling. Then, we apply the stacking ensemble learning to deal with concept drift. Four base classifiers of SVM, KNN, DT and RF are used in the first layer, and LR is used as meta classifier in second layer. Last but not least, we take consistency check of the incremental instance and check set to determine whether it is anormal by statistical learning, instead of threshold-based method. And the validation set is dynamic updated according to the consistency check result. Finally, three artificial data sets obtained from Massive Online Analysis platform and two real data sets are used to verify the performance of the proposed method from four aspects: detection performance, parameter sensitivity, algorithm cost and anti-noise ability. Experimental results show that the proposed method has significant advantages in anomaly detection of imbalanced data streams with concept drift.
Tourism image classification based on convolutional neural network SqueezeNet——Taking Slender West Lake as an example
Authors: Xu Lantao , Chen Xuegang , Yang Xinlu
Published: January 2024

Tourism image classification plays an important role in the study of clarifying the real perception of tourism resources by tourists, which cannot be studied in depth by human vision alone. The development of convolutional neural networks in computer vision brings new opportunities for tourism image classification research. In this study, SqueezeNet, a lightweight convolutional neural network, was selected and improved on the basis of the original model for 3740 Slender West Lake tourism image datasets. It is found that the validation accuracy of the model is up to 85.75%, and the size is only 2.64 MB, which is a good classification effect. This reduces the parameters while ensuring high accuracy classification of tourism images, providing a more scientific reference for the study of tourism images and pointing out a new direction for the development and planning of tourism resources.
Association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Azarboo Alireza , Hosseinkhani Shaghayegh , Ghaseminejad-Raeini Amirhossein , Aazami Hossein , Mohammadi Sayed Mohammad , Zeidi Saba , Razi Farideh , Bandarian Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

Background

Previous research has suggested that the ELMO1 gene may play a role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Objective and rationale

This study aim was to systematically review and explore the association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease. A comprehensive systematic review provides a clear conclusion and high-level evidence for the association between ELMO1 gene and DKD for future application in personalized medicine.

Methods

A comprehensive search of electronic databases, per PRISMA instructions, was conducted in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from 1980 to January 2023. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using appropriate models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity and assess the robustness of the findings.

Results

A total of 5794 diabetes patients with DKD, 4886 diabetes patients without DKD, and 2023 healthy controls were included in the 17 studies that made up this systematic review. In the investigation of DM (Diabetes Mellitus) with DKD vs. DM without DKD, the susceptibility for DKD for the EMLO1 rs741301 polymorphism indicated a significant difference under the dominant, homozygote, and recessive genetic models. The susceptibility for DKD for the EMLO1 rs1345365, rs10255208, and rs7782979 polymorphisms demonstrated a significant difference under the allele genetic models in the analysis of DM with DKD vs. DM without DKD groups. There was a considerable increase in DKD risk in the Middle East when the population was stratified by the region.

Conclusion

The findings of the meta-analysis show that there are a significant connection between the EMLO1 rs741301 polymorphism and DKD susceptibility in overall analyses; as well as rs1345365, rs10255208, and rs7782979 polymorphisms; especially in the Middle East region.
Influence of controlled environmental conditions in potential salivary ocular pain biomarkers for enhancing the assessment of ocular pain
Authors: Sobas Eva M. , Amanda Vázquez , Fernández Itziar , Reinoso Roberto , García-Vázquez Carmen , Ortega Enrique , Enríquez-de-Salamanca Amalia
Published: January 2024

Purpose

We endeavored to identify objective salivary biomarkers for pain, a subjective sensation with a biological basis, using molecules already described related to pain. The study aimed to analyze inter-individual differences and intersession variability in salivary potential ocular pain biomarkers on healthy subjects, in samples obtained under the influence of controlled environmental conditions.

Methods

Thirty-four healthy subjects, 20 male, 14 female, median age 35.44 years (range 30–40) were exposed for 30 minutes under standard environmental conditions (T: 22°C, 50% relative humidity) in the Controlled Environmental Research Laboratory (CE-Lab, Vision R&D, Valladolid Spain) in two separate visits (V1, V2) at least 24 hours apart. Saliva was collected after the exposure in each of the visits, and cortisol, α-amylase (sAA), secretory IgA (sIgA), testosterone, and soluble fraction of TNFα receptor II (sTNFαRII) were analyzed by ELISA. Repeatability of inter-subject inter-session measurements was assayed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

There were no significant inter-session differences in testosterone (p = 0.2497), sTNFαRII (p = 0.6451) and sIgA (p = 0.9689) salivary levels. The reproducibility for salivary cortisol, sAA, testosterone, sTNFαRII and sIgA were 0.98 ng/ml, 20.58 U/ml, 21.07 μg/ml, 24.68 pg/ml and 0.19 pg/ml, respectively. Salivary cortisol, sAA, testosterone, sTNFαRII and sIgA yielded the following ICCs: 0.506, 0.569, 0.824, 0.870 and 0.4295, respectively; all these ICCs (except that for cortisol and sIgA) were found to be improved compared to those found previously by our group in a previous study in salivary samples obtained from healthy subjects under non-controlled environmental conditions; Cortisol´s ICC didn´t improve and was in both cases at the limit of acceptability.

Conclusion

Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity affect the reproducibility of measurement of some salivary molecules which have been proposed as potential pain biomarkers. The exposure of subjects to standard controlled environmental conditions before salivary sample obtention would improve the reproducibility of these molecule measures’ as potential biomarkers of chronic ocular pain.
Lipid metabolism and functional somatic disorders in the general population. The DanFunD study
Authors: Jørgensen Torben , Jacobsen Rikke Kart , Sæbye Ditte , Petersen Marie Weinreich , Fink Per , Gormsen Lise , Linneberg Allan , Bjerregaard Anne Ahrendt , Schovsbo Signe Ulfbeck , Benros Michael Eriksen , Eplov Lene Falgaard , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Earlier studies on the association between plasma lipid profiles and functional somatic disorders (FSD) are mainly small case control studies hampered by selection bias and do not consider the great overlap between the various FSDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between various FSDs and plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) in a large, unselected population.

Design

A cross-sectional general population-based study

Setting

The Danish Study of Functional Somatic Disorders (DanFunD) conducted in 2011–2015 in 10 municipalities in the western part of greater Copenhagen, Denmark.

Participants

A total of 8,608 men and women aged 18–76 years were included in the analyses. Various delimitations of FSD such as chronic fatigue, chronic widespread pain, irritable bowel, and bodily distress syndrome were measured using validated self-administrated questionnaires. Lipid parameters were measured from fasting plasma samples using colorimetric slide methods with Vitros 4600/5600 Ortho Clinical Diagnostics.

Outcome measures

Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate possible associations between plasma lipids and the various delimitations of FSD. Associations are presented by OR (95% CI) and shown in boxplots.

Results

We found a positive association between bodily distress syndrome and triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol and a negative association with HDL-cholesterol, but no consistent association with total cholesterol. A similar pattern was observed for persons with chronic fatigue, and to some degree for persons with chronic widespread pain, whereas persons with irritable bowel did not show a clear association with the lipid profiles.

Conclusion

This is the first major study on plasma lipid profiles and FSD indicating an association between some delimitations of FSD and an unfavorable lipid profile. Due to the cross-sectional design, it cannot be determined whether the findings are consequences or determinants of FSD. Further studies–preferable prospective studies—are needed.
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in haematological malignances and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Clinical impact of combination therapy in a 10-year Brazilian cohort
Authors: de Souza Ingvar Ludwig Augusto , Cappellano Paola , Ferreira Diogo Boldim , Bergamasco Maria Daniela , das Chagas Neto Thomas Cardoso , Kerbauy Fabio Rodrigues , Baiocchi Otavio Carvalho Guimarães , Pignatari Antonio Carlos Campos
Published: January 2024

Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) are a common threat among patients with haematological malignancies (HM) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (HSCT). The purpose of this research was to describe clinical and microbiological aspects of BSI caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) and assess risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in a 10-year cohort of haematological patients. A total of 65 CRKp-BSI episodes occurring in HM patients and HSCT recipients and CRKp-BSI between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrospectively studied. Acute leukemias were the most frequently observed underlying disease (87.7%) and 18 patients (27.7%) received HSCT. Mucosal barrier injury in the gastrointestinal tract was the primary cause of bacteremia (86.1%). Also, 14 individuals (21.6%) had an Invasive Fungal Disease (IFD) throughout the episode. Regarding treatment, in 31 patients (47.7%) empirical therapy was deemed appropriate, whereas 33 (50.8%) patients received a combination therapy. Microbiological data revealed that the majority of isolates (53–58%) had the Polymyxin B co-resistance phenotype, while amikacin resistance was less common (16 samples, or 24.7%). The mortality rates at 14 and 30 days were 32.3% and 36.9%, respectively. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, prompt appropriate antibiotic administration within three days was associated with a better outcome (Adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 0.33; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.14–0.76; p = 0.01), whereas hypotension at presentation (aHR: 3.88; 95% CI: 1.40–10.74; p = 0.01) and concurrent IFD (aHR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.20–7.37; p = 0.02) were independently associated with death within 30 days. Additionally, a favorable correlation between combination therapy and overall survival was found (aHR: 0.18; 95%CI: 0.06–0.56; p = 0.002). In conclusion, 30-day mortality CRKp-BSI was elevated and most of the isolates were polymyxin B resistant. Early appropriate antimicrobial treatment and the use of combination therapy were linked to a better outcome.
Association between breastfeeding cessation among under six-month-old infants and postpartum depressive symptoms in Nevada
Authors: Neupane Smriti , de Oliveira Clariana Vitória Ramos , Palombo Cláudia Nery Teixeira , Buccini Gabriela
Published: January 2024

Background

Postpartum depression affects 13% of women after childbirth in the United States. Mothers who experience depression are less likely to breastfeed than those who do not experience depression. On the other hand, breastfeeding may have a positive effect on maternal mental health.

Research aim

We aimed to analyze whether breastfeeding cessation is associated with postpartum depression symptoms among mothers of infants under six months old in Clark County, Nevada.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 using a purposive sample of 305 mother-infant dyads. Postpartum depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and the breastfeeding cessation was determined through a 24-hour dietary recall. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

Most participants were between 25 and 34 years old (n = 183, 60.0%), multiparous (n = 167, 55.1%), and had a vaginal delivery (n = 204, 70.6%). High frequency of postpartum depressive symptoms was found among mothers who were young (18–24 years) (24.2%), without a partner (25.0%), had unplanned pregnancies (12.7%), and were primiparous (13.2%). Breastfeeding cessation was independently associated with postpartum depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.16–9.32) after controlling for sociodemographic, environmental, and obstetric characteristics.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding cessation is strongly associated with postpartum depressive symptoms among mother-infant dyads in Nevada. Early identification of postpartum depressive symptoms and the promotion of breastfeeding can create a positive feedback loop to foster the well-being of mothers and infants.
Incidence and prevalence of hypertension among HIV-TB co-infected participants accessing treatment: A five-year prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Dawood Halima , Yende-Zuma Nonhlanhla , Singh Upasna , Moodley Mikaila C. , Ramruthan Jenine , Naidoo Kogieleum
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). This study determined incidence and prevalence of hypertension among PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Method

We prospectively followed-up 642 HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected study participants from 2005–2013. We defined hypertension as two consecutive elevated systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure measurements above 139/89 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive therapy.

Results

Of 507 participants analyzed, 53% were women. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age, body mass index (BMI), and CD4 count was 34 (28.0–40.0) years, 22.7 (20.5–25.4) kg/m2, and 145 (69.0–252.0) cells/mm3, respectively. Incidence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of both systolic and diastolic hypertension overall, in men, and in women over 40 years was 1.9 (1.4–2.6), 5.9 (3.6–9.6), and 5.0 (2.7–9.3) per 100 person-years (PY), respectively. Risk of developing hypertension was higher in men [(adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 12.04, 95% CI: 4.35–33.32)] and women over 40 years (aHR 8.19, 95% CI 2.96–22.64), and in men below 40 years (aHR 2.79, 95% CI 0.95–8.23).

Conclusion

Higher incidence rates of hypertension among older men and women accessing ART highlight opportunities to expand current integrated HIV-TB care models, to include cardiovascular disease risk screening and care to prevent premature death.
Milk recording data indicates the importance of fertility, including age at first calving, on the progression of first lactation cows to second lactation
Authors: Taylor Emma N. , Channa Kulwant , Hanks James , Taylor Nick M.
Published: January 2024

Dairy farmers do not recoup the rearing costs incurred from birth to first calving until second lactation but varying proportions of first lactation cows are removed from the herd before second calving. Herein, we used milk recording data to examine the outcomes and performance of first lactation cows to gain insight into farmer decisions to keep or remove them from the herd. An InterHerd+ dataset derived from 500 milk recording dairy herds in UK was used to examine first lactation cows which calved in 2020. Of 29,128 first lactation cows that calved in 2020, 82.6% remained within the herd and re-calved, 4.9% conceived but exited the herd before re-calving, 6.0% were served but exited the herd after failing to conceive and 6.6% exited the herd without being served. The fertility data on these cows support the logical conclusion that farmers retain cows that are served and conceive sooner, possibly in order to keep within a broadly seasonal calving pattern. Cows which were served but not conceived had a median AFC 16–20 days greater than the median AFC for those that conceived. Farmers may also be retaining cows with relatively high milk yields and lower somatic cell counts, or these parameters may be an indicator of a range of attributes affecting the farmer’s decision. The data also suggest that farmers are rearing more replacements than required, because over one third of the cows removed in first lactation are never served, and 70% of these are sold within 120 days post-partum. These cows had a significantly older median age at first calving of 818 days, but their early removal without serving suggests there is an oversupply of replacements forcing farmers to dispose of these cows early in lactation. In order to develop a deeper understanding of herd turnover and replacement, future work could examine cow removals in lactation 2 onwards.
Intimate partner violence and excess fertility among women of reproductive age in Malawi
Authors: Dadabhai Sufia , Quaynor Laura , Bandala-Jacques Antonio , Seyama Linly , Rahman Md Hafizur , Phiri Richard , Decker Michele R. , Taha Taha E.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Gender inequity and adverse health outcomes continue to be of concern among women in sub-Saharan Africa. We determined prevalence of intimate partner violence and excess fertility (having more children than desired) in reproductive age women in Malawi. We also explored factors associated with these outcomes and with spousal fertility intentions.

Patients and methods

In a cross-sectional study, a total of 360 women and 410 men were recruited using multi-stage sampling from communities in a peri-urban setting in Blantyre District, Southern Malawi in 2021. Women and men were separately interviewed by trained study workers using a structured questionnaire. In addition to descriptive analyses, we used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess associations of risk factors with the outcomes of intimate partner violence and excess fertility.

Results

Among women, lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence was 23.1%, and excess fertility was experienced by 25.6%. Intimate partner violence was associated with male partners alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio 2.13; P = 0.019). Women were more likely to report excess fertility if they were older (adjusted odds ratio 2.0, P<0.001, for a 5-year increase). Alcohol consumption by the male partner (adjusted odds ratio 2.14; P = 0.025) and women being able to refuse sex with their male partner (adjusted odds ratio 0.50; P = 0.036) were associated with discordant fertility preferences.

Conclusions

Intimate partner violence, excess fertility, and social and health inequities continue to be prevalent in Malawi. These data suggest the underlying proximal and distal factors associated with these adverse outcomes such as alcohol consumption may be addressed through education, couple interactive communication, and community dialogue. To ensure sustainability and effectiveness, strong leadership involvement, both governmental and non-governmental, is needed.
Evolution of the obesity epidemic in the Spanish press: A comparative study 2000–05 and 2015–20
Authors: Martin-Vicario Lara , Bustos Díaz Javier , Nicolas-Sans Ruben
Published: January 2024

The present study aims to examine the treatment of obesity as an epidemic in the Spanish press during two different time periods. The first period is from 2000 to 2005 when obesity was declared an epidemic by the World Health Organization, the second period of study is from 2015 to 2020. For this study, a content analysis was made from a framing perspective. In the selected sample it was observed that the predominant frame in the two time periods changed. The frame of attribution of responsibility was the most used in the first period and the frame of conflict in the second. Variations in the use of frames were also observed depending on the newspaper, the year of publication, the subject matter and the subjects involved.