bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revised list of the genus Peltigera (lichenized Ascomycotina) and peltigericolous fungi from Lithuania
Authors: Motiejunaite Jurga , Miądlikowska Jolanta
Published: August 2014

Fifteen species of Peltigera genus and 5 species of Peltigera inhabiting fungi are reported from Lithuania. Three Peltigera species (P. degenii, P. hymenina and P. ponojensis) and all peltigericolous fungi are new to the studied area. One earlier recorded species - Peltigera collina, is not included in the present list. Distribution maps for all Peltigera species are provided
Lichenized Ascomycotina of the Bełchatów Industrial Region (Central Poland)
Authors: Czyżewska Krystyna
Published: August 2014

181 taxa of lichenized Ascomycotina (including four species of lichcnicolous fungi) occurring in the Bełchatów Industrial Region (BIR) are described. They present the original state of lichen taxonomic diversity and their resources. before the strip brown coal mine and electric power station of BIR were put into operation.
Hyphomycetes in rain water, melting snow and ice
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli , Orłowska Mirosława
Published: August 2014

The investigations performed by direct microscopy method or bait technique (fragments of plants, cellophane, snake skin) using rain water flowing from trees, different types of roofs and melting snow and ice allowed determination of 146 species including 55 new to Poland. Aero-aquatic species were predominant and only several belonged to typically aquatic Hyphomycetes.
Response of macrofungi to mosaic arrangement of biotic microforms in the Ribo nigri-Alnetum in the Olszyny Niezgodzkie reserve
Authors: Bujakiewicz Anna
Published: August 2014

Results of a three-year study carried out on permanent plot are presented and distribution patterns of macrofungi within the hummock-hollow complexes are discussed.
Presence of Saccharomycopsis capsularis in the human respiratory system
Authors: Dynowska Maria , Biedunkiewicz Anna
Published: August 2014

The following paper represents a fragment of studies on the dynamics of microflora in the human respiratory system with a particular focus on new species developing in that ontocoenosis. Saccharomycopsis capsularus amounts to 6.7% of all the isolated fungi. The isolates were obtained from sputum (41.9%), bronchoscopic material (18.6%) and the pharyngeal, nasal and oral swabs representing jointly 39.5% of the positive results. Almost twice as many isolates were obtained from women (66.3%) as from men (33.7%). The fungi were most frequently found in the spring and autumn, more rarely in the winter, the rarest in the summer. Appearance of S. capsularis in the human body is, most probably, a consequence of its increased expansiveness in the external environment. So far it has been isolated from the soil, pollens of some tropical plants and from water reservoirs contaminated with municipal sewage.
Influence of excretions of chosen Penicillium species on the population of Globodera rostochiensis
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz Kinga , Janowicz Krystyna , Kuźna-Grygiel Wanda
Published: August 2014

It was stated that the contact of Penicillium frequentans and P. verrucosum var. cyclopium with Globodera rostochiensis in the medium stimulated reduction in the number of cysts of nematodes. Among 16 P. verrucosum var. cyclopium metabolites the strongest destruction of eggs and larvae in G. rostochiensis cysts was observed in the case the Rr = 0.31 and Rr = 0.75 substances. The above metabolites caused that irregular lipid-like granules formed in the intestine tracts of the G. rostochiensis larvae. Most probably, the pathological presence of lipides in the intestine resulted from the distemper of synthesis of lipolythic enzymes in the nematodes under the effect of the P. verrucosum var. cyclopium extracts.
Parasitic macrofungi (Basidiomycetes) on fruit shrubs and trees in the Tarnów town (S Poland)
Authors: Piątek Marcin
Published: August 2014

Results of 6 years of research carried out in the Tarnów town, southern Poland, are presented. Total number of 27 species of Basidiomycetes were recorded on 7 species of fruit shrubs and trees. Some of them were found on hosts new for Poland, on Malus domestica - Abortiporus biennis, Ganoderma australe, Meripilus giganteus, Stereum hirsutum and Volvariella bombycina; on Juglans regia - Ganoderma applanalum and Hineola auricula-judae.
Invoking the User from Data to Design
Authors: Tempelman-Kluit Nadaleen , Pearce Alexa
Published: August 2014

Personas, stemming from the field of user-centered design (UCD), are hypothetical users that represent the behaviors, goals, and values of actual users. This study describes the creation of personas in an academic library. With the goal of leveraging service-generated data, the authors coded a sample of chat reference transcripts, producing two numeric values for each. The transcripts were plotted on an X/Y graph where X represented the nature of the user’s information need and Y represented the nature of the user’s motivation. A k-means cluster analysis of the plotted points produced four clusters, which served as the personas’ basis.
High-Resolution Imagery and the Recovery of Surface Architectural Patterns
Authors: Stone Elizabeth C.
Published: August 2014

In large arid floodplains, like that of southern Iraq, the rise of the water table associated with irrigation can result in surface salt concentrations over the remains of subsurface architecture. These traces are visible only from the air but are sometimes captured by commercially available submeter pixel imagery. This article describes the methods used and some of the results of a project using QuickBird, WorldView-1, and WorldView-2 imagery to investigate settlement systems in southern Mesopotamia dating between the fourth and first millennia B.C. Following a discussion of methods used to better predict which images of which sites will produce the desired results, a brief exploration of key anthropological questions that these data allow us now to ask will be presented.
The Effect of Stories for Thinking on Reading and Listening Comprehension: A Case Study in Turkey
Authors: Tok Şükran , Mazl Ayşegül
Published: August 2014

This study has been conducted in order to examine the effects of the stories for thinking on 5th graders' reading comprehension and listening comprehension. A pretest-post test control group quasi-experimental design was used in the study. The sample of the etstudy was composed of 74 5th graders attending public elementary schools. The data have been collected by administering the ‘reading comprehension test’ and the ‘Listening Comprehension Test’. While ‘stories for thinking’ was applied to the study group, various activities were applied to the control group. The results of the study showed that there was no evidence that the stories for thinking experience added statistically significant value to the students' reading and listening comprehension in relation to the control group.
Sūkṣmāgama I: Chapters 1–13. Critical Edition; and Sūkṣmāgama II: Chapters 14–53. Critical Edition
Authors: Ishimatsu Ginni
Published: August 2014

Sūkṣmāgama I: Chapters 1–13. Critical Edition. Edited with an introduction by S. Sambandhaśivācārya and T. Ganesan. Collection Indologie, vol. 114, no. 1. Pondicherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry / École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 2010. Pp. l + 203. 650 Rs., € 28.

Sūkṣmāgama II: Chapters 14–53. Critical Edition. Edited with an introduction by S. Sambandhaśivācārya, B. Dagens, M.-l. Barazer-Billoret, and T. Ganesan. Jean Filliozat Series in South Asian Culture and History, no. 3. Pondicherry: institut Français de Pondichéry, 2012. Pp. clxiii + 403.
More than Real: A History of the Imagination in South India. By David Shulman
Authors: Monius Anne E.
Published: August 2014

More than Real: A History of the Imagination in South India. By David Shulman. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012. Pp. xi + 333. $45.
Homer’s Odyssey and the Near East. By Bruce Louden
Authors: Teffeteller Annette
Published: August 2014

Homer’s Odyssey and the Near East. By Bruce Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Pp. vii + 356. $99.
Das Ritual der Aštu (CTH 490): Rekonstruktion und Tradition eines hurritisch-hethitischen Rituals aus Boğazköy/Ḫattuša. By Susanne Görke
Authors: Campbell Dennis R. M.
Published: August 2014

Das Ritual der Aštu (CTH 490): Rekonstruktion und Tradition eines hurritisch-hethitischen Rituals aus Boğazköy/Ḫattuša. By Susanne Görke. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 40. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Pp. xvii + 365. $179.
Scourge of God: The Umman-manda and Its Significance in the First Millennium BC. By Selim Ferruh Adali
Authors: Melville Sarah C.
Published: August 2014

The Scourge of God: The Umman-manda and Its Significance in the First Millennium BC. By Selim Ferruh Adali. State Archives of Assyria Studies, vol. 20. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus ProJect, 2011. Pp. xviii + 218. $62 (paper).
Necklace of the Pleiades: 24 Essays on Persian Literature, Culture and Religion. Studies in Persian Literature Presented to Heshmat Moayyad on His 80th Birthday. Edited by F. D. Lewis and S. Sharma
Authors: Hanaway William L.
Published: August 2014

The Necklace of the Pleiades: 24 Essays on Persian Literature, Culture and Religion. Studies in Persian Literature Presented to Heshmat Moayyad on His 80th Birthday. Edited by F. D. Lewis and S. Sharma. Iranian Studies Series. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010. Pp. 380. €34.95 (paper).
Curriculum mapping within an Australian master of chiropractic program: Congruence between published evidence for chiropractic and student assessment tasks
Authors: Gorrell Lindsay , Beirman Robyn L. , Vemulpad Subramanyam R.
Published: August 2014

Objective

This study sought to determine congruence between student assessment tasks within the master of chiropractic curriculum at Macquarie University and 2 separate but related domains: (1) disorders commonly presenting to chiropractors and (2) musculoskeletal conditions for which there is published evidence that chiropractic treatment is effective.

Methods

A literature review was undertaken to determine which musculoskeletal disorders commonly present to chiropractors and the conditions for which there is published evidence that chiropractic treatment is effective. These 2 domains were then mapped to the assessment tasks within the curriculum and analyzed. The proportion of time allocated to theory versus skill acquisition was also determined.

Results

Assessment tasks within the curriculum specifically focus on low back pain, neck pain, lower extremity pain, thoracic pain, and adhesive capsulitis. This curriculum mapping demonstrates congruence between the student assessment tasks and published evidence for chiropractic. The assessments also contain an appropriate balance between theory and skills acquisition.

Conclusion

There is congruence between the assessment tasks within the curriculum and the 2 domains against which it was mapped. Thus, completion of the curriculum provides training relevant to conditions that commonly present to chiropractors and musculoskeletal conditions for which chiropractic treatment is effective.
Effects of crustal field rotation on the solar wind plasma interaction with Mars
Authors: Ma Yingjuan , Fang Xiaohua , Russell Christopher T. , Nagy Andrew F. , Toth Gabor , Luhmann Janet G. , Brain Dave A. , Dong Chuanfei
Published: August 2014

The crustal remnant field on Mars rotates with the planet at a period of 24 h 37 min, constantly varying the magnetic field configuration interacting with the solar wind. Until now, there has been no self‐consistent modeling investigation on how this varying magnetic field affects the solar wind plasma interaction. Here we include the rotation of this localized crustal field in a multispecies single‐fluid MHD model of Mars and simulate an entire day of solar wind interaction under normal solar wind conditions. The MHD model results are compared with Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) magnetic field observations and show very close agreement, especially for the field strength along almost all of the 12 orbits on the day simulated. Model results also show that the ion escape rates slowly vary with rotation, generally anticorrelating with the strength of subsolar magnetic crustal sources, with some time delay. In addition, it is found that in the intense crustal field regions, the densities of heavy ion components enhance significantly along the MGS orbit, implying strong influence of the crustal field on the ionospheric structures.
Advanced time series synthesizer for simulation of joint rain attenuation conditions
Authors: Nebuloni R. , Capsoni C. , Luccini M.
Published: August 2014

This contribution presents a model to generate time series of rain attenuation by adapting a large set of rain attenuation measurements to different locations. The proposed model allows generating rainy and not rainy conditions for multiple stations in a large geographical area, reproducing the actual spatial and temporal variability of the rain process, with limited computational effort. Single site and joint statistics of rain attenuation obtained by the time series of measurements are discussed. The model is used to show the effectiveness, in terms of link margin, of gateway networks in smart diversity arrangement, for different separation distances among sites.
Anisotropic Crystalline Protein Nanolayers as Multi‐Functional Biointerface for Patterned Co‐Cultures of Adherent and Non‐Adherent Cells in Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Rothbauer Mario , Ertl Peter , Theiler Barbara A. , Schlager Magdalena , Sleytr Uwe B. , Küpcü Seta
Published: August 2014

The spatial arrangement of cells in their microenvironment is known to significantly influence cellular behavior, thus making the control of cellular organization an important parameter of in vitro co‐culture models. However, recent advances in micropatterning co‐culture methods within biochips do not address the simultaneous cultivation of anchorage‐dependent and non‐adherent cells. To address this methodological gap we combine S‐layer technology with microfluidics to pattern co‐cultures to study the cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐surface interactions under physiologically relevant conditions. We exploit the unique self‐assembly properties of SbpA and SbsB S‐layers to create an anisotropic protein nanobiointerface on‐chip with spatially‐defined cytophilic (adhesive) and cytophobic (repulsive) properties. While microfluidics control physical parameters such as shear force and flow velocities, our anisotropic protein nanobiointerface regulates the biological aspects of the co‐culture method including biocompatibility, biostability, and affinity to non‐adherent cells. The reliability and reproducibility of our microfluidic co‐culture strategy based on laminar flow patterned protein nanolayers is envisioned to advance in vitro models for biomedical research.
Long working hours may increase risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Kang Mo‐Yeol , Cho Soo‐Hun , Yoo Min‐Sang , Kim Taeshik , Hong Yun‐Chul
Published: August 2014

Objective

To evaluate the association between long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) estimated by Framingham risk score (FRS) in Korean adults.

Methods

This study evaluated adult participants in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007–2009). After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, the final sample size for this study model was 8,350. Subjects were asked about working hours and health status. Participants also completed physical examinations and biochemical measurement necessary for estimation of FRS. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between working hours and 10‐year risk for CHD estimated by FRS.

Results

Compared to those who work 31–40 hr, significantly higher 10‐year risk was estimated among subjects working longer hours. As working hours increased, odds ratio (OR) for upper 10 percent of estimated 10‐year risk for CHD was increased up to 1.94.

Conclusions

Long working hours are significantly related to risk of coronary heart disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1227–1234, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optogenetic Engineering: Light‐Directed Cell Motility
Authors: Hughes Robert M. , Lawrence David S.
Published: August 2014

Genetically encoded, light‐activatable proteins provide the means to probe biochemical pathways at specific subcellular locations with exquisite temporal control. However, engineering these systems in order to provide a dramatic jump in localized activity, while retaining a low dark‐state background remains a significant challenge. When placed within the framework of a genetically encodable, light‐activatable heterodimerizer system, the actin‐remodelling protein cofilin induces dramatic changes in the F‐actin network and consequent cell motility upon illumination. We demonstrate that the use of a partially impaired mutant of cofilin is critical for maintaining low background activity in the dark. We also show that light‐directed recruitment of the reduced activity cofilin mutants to the cytoskeleton is sufficient to induce F‐actin remodeling, formation of filopodia, and directed cell motility.
Exceptional Isotopic‐Substitution Effect: Breakdown of Collective Proton Tunneling in Hexagonal Ice due to Partial Deuteration
Authors: Drechsel‐Grau Christof , Marx Dominik
Published: August 2014

Multiple proton transfer controls many chemical reactions in hydrogen‐bonded networks. However, in contrast to well‐understood single proton transfer, the mechanisms of correlated proton transfer and of correlated proton tunneling in particular have remained largely elusive. Herein, fully quantized ab initio simulations are used to investigate H/D isotopic‐substitution effects on the mechanism of the collective tunneling of six protons within proton‐ordered cyclic water hexamers that are contained in proton‐disordered ice, a prototypical hydrogen‐bonded network. At the transition state, isotopic substitution leads to a Zundel‐like complex, [HO⋅⋅⋅D⋅⋅⋅OH], which localizes ionic defects and thus inhibits perfectly correlated proton tunneling. These insights into fundamental aspects of collective proton tunneling not only rationalize recent neutron‐scattering experiments, but also stimulate investigations into multiple proton transfer in hydrogen‐bonded networks much beyond ice.
Phenyldiazene – abgefangen in Cycloadditionsreaktionen
Authors: Fehler Stefanie K. , Pratsch Gerald , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: August 2014

Die Reaktivität von Phenyldiazenen wurde zum Ende der 1960er Jahre intensiv untersucht, doch ist bisher kaum etwas über ihr Verhalten unter sauren Bedingungen bekannt. Ausgehend von der Bildung von Phenyldiazenen aus Phenylazocarboxylaten beschreiben wir nun, wie Phenyldiazene gezielt in ionischen oder radikalischen Reaktionen umgesetzt werden können. Cycloadditionsreaktionen mit Furanen, die zu Pyridaziniumsalzen führen, sind die ersten Beispiele für den direkten Abfang von Phenyldiazenen unter Erhaltung der NN‐Einheit.
Molecularly Precise Dendrimer–Drug Conjugates with Tunable Drug Release for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhou Zhuxian , Ma Xinpeng , Murphy Caitlin J. , Jin Erlei , Sun Qihang , Shen Youqing , Van Kirk Edward A. , Murdoch William J.
Published: August 2014

The structural preciseness of dendrimers makes them perfect drug delivery carriers, particularly in the form of dendrimer–drug conjugates. Current dendrimer–drug conjugates are synthesized by anchoring drug and functional moieties onto the dendrimer peripheral surface. However, functional groups exhibiting the same reactivity make it impossible to precisely control the number and the position of the functional groups and drug molecules anchored to the dendrimer surface. This structural heterogeneity causes variable pharmacokinetics, preventing such conjugates to be translational. Furthermore, the highly hydrophobic drug molecules anchored on the dendrimer periphery can interact with blood components and alter the pharmacokinetic behavior. To address these problems, we herein report molecularly precise dendrimer–drug conjugates with drug moieties buried inside the dendrimers. Surprisingly, the drug release rates of these conjugates were tailorable by the dendrimer generation, surface chemistry, and acidity.
pH‐Modulated Molecular Assemblies and Surface Properties of Metal–Organic Supercontainers at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Netzer Nathan L. , Dai Feng‐Rong , Wang Zhenqiang , Jiang Chaoyang
Published: August 2014

The orientation of metal–organic supercontainer (MOSC) molecules in Langmuir films was systematically studied at the air–water interface. The acidity of the aqueous subphases plays a significant role in tuning the orientation of MOSC molecules in the Langmuir films. Furthermore, Langmuir–Blodgett films of MOSCs were prepared and the uniform multilayer structures demonstrated various surface properties, depending on their conditions of fabrication. Our use of Langmuir films provides a novel approach to access tunable assemblies of MOSC molecules in two‐dimensional thin films.
Synthesis of Direct β‐to‐β Linked Porphyrin Arrays with Large Electronic Interactions: Branched and Cyclic Oligomers
Authors: Cai Hao , Fujimoto Keisuke , Lim Jong Min , Wang Chaojie , Huang Weiming , Rao Yutao , Zhang Senmiao , Shi Hui , Yin Bangshao , Chen Bo , Ma Ming , Song Jianxin , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: August 2014

Direct β‐to‐β linked branched and cyclic porphyrin trimers and pentamers have been synthesized by the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of β‐borylporphyrins and β‐bromoporphyrins. The cyclic porphyrin trimer, the smallest directly linked cyclic porphyrin wheel to date, and its twined pentamer, exhibit small electrochemical HOMO–LUMO gaps, broad nonsplit Soret bands, and red‐shifted Q‐bands, thus indicating large electronic interactions between the constituent porphyrin units.
Reactivity and Stability of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products in Foods
Authors: Hanschen Franziska S. , Lamy Evelyn , Schreiner Monika , Rohn Sascha
Published: August 2014

The chemistry of glucosinolates and their behavior during food processing is very complex. Their instability leads to the formation of a bunch of breakdown and reaction products that are very often reactive themselves. Although excessive consumption of cabbage varieties has been thought for long time to have adverse, especially goitrogenic effects, nowadays, epidemiologic studies provide data that there might be beneficial health effects as well. Especially Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli, radish, or cabbage, are rich in these interesting plant metabolites. However, information on the bioactivity of glucosinolates is only valuable when one knows which compounds are formed during processing and subsequent consumption. This review provides a comprehensive, in‐depth overview on the chemical reactivity of different glucosinolates and breakdown products thereof during food preparation.
Metal‐Free CH Bond Activation of Branched Aldehydes with a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Catalyst under Visible‐Light Photolysis: Successful Trapping with Electron‐Deficient Olefins
Authors: Moteki Shin A. , Usui Asuka , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Zhang Tiexin , Maruoka Keiji
Published: August 2014

Direct acyl radical formation of linear aldehydes (RCH2‐CHO) and subsequent hydroacylation with electron‐deficient olefins can be effected with various types of metal and nonmetal catalysts/reagents. In marked contrast, however, no successful reports on the use of branched aldehydes have been made thus far because of their strong tendency of generating alkyl radicals through the facile decarbonylation of acyl radicals. Here, use of a hypervalent iodine(III) catalyst under visible light photolysis allows a mild way of generating acyl radicals from various branched aldehydes, thereby giving the corresponding hydroacylated products almost exclusively. Another characteristic feature of this approach is the catalytic use of hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, which is a rare example on the generation of radicals in hypervalent iodine chemistry.
A Multivalent Ligand for the Mannose‐6‐Phosphate Receptor for Endolysosomal Targeting of an Activity‐Based Probe
Authors: Hoogendoorn Sascha , van Puijvelde Gijs H. M. , Kuiper Johan , van der Marel Gijs A. , Overkleeft Herman S.
Published: August 2014

The ubiquitously expressed mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors (MPRs) are a promising class of receptors for targeted compound delivery into the endolysosomal compartments of a variety of cell types. The development of a synthetic, multivalent, mannose‐6‐phosphate (M6P) glycopeptide‐based MPR ligand is described. The conjugation of this ligand to fluorescent DCG‐04, an activity‐based probe for cysteine cathepsins, enabled fluorescent readout of its receptor‐targeting properties. The resulting M6P‐cluster–BODIPY–DCG‐04 probe was shown to efficiently label cathepsins in cell lysates as well as in live cells. Furthermore, the introduction of the 6‐O‐phosphates leads to a completely altered uptake profile in COS and dendritic cells compared to a mannose‐containing ligand. Competition with mannose‐6‐phosphate abolished all uptake of the probe in COS cells, and we conclude that the mannose‐6‐phosphate cluster targets the MPR and ensures the targeted delivery of cargo bound to the cluster into the endolysosomal pathway.
Mild ArI‐Catalyzed C(sp2)H or C(sp3)H Functionalization/CO Formation: An Intriguing Catalyst‐Controlled Selectivity Switch
Authors: Wang Xueqiang , Gallardo‐Donaire Joan , Martin Ruben
Published: August 2014

A tandem C(sp2)H and C(sp3)H functionalization/CO bond formation catalyzed by iodine(III) reagents generated in situ has been developed. The method shows wide scope under mild conditions and exhibits an unprecedented selectivity profile that can be switched depending on the catalyst employed.
Polymer‐supported metal complexes as antibacterial agents: synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation kinetics
Authors: Azarudeen Raja S. , Riswan Ahamed Mohamed A. , Prabu N. , Mujafar Kani N.
Published: August 2014

Polymeric metal complexes were prepared using a synthesized novel terpolymer ligand involving anthranilic acid–o‐toluidine–formaldehyde by a polycondensation technique. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis and molar conductivity measurements, and FT‐IR, electronic, electron spin resonance and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral methods. The surface morphology and the nature of the synthesized compounds were examined using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The thermal stabilities of the ligand and its metal complexes were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). From the TGA results, various kinetic parameters, i.e. activation energy and order of reaction, and thermodynamic parameters, i.e. entropy change, apparent entropy, frequency factor and free energy change, were determined using the Freeman–Carroll and Sharp–Wentworth methods. In addition, a thermal degradation model was also proposed using the Phadnis–Deshpande method. The thermal stability of the ligand and its metal complexes was found to be appreciably high; in particular, the ligand showed very high stability compared to its metal complexes due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro antibacterial studies with various microorganisms. The results of the studies confirmed that the compounds showed better antibacterial results than a standard antibacterial drug. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the pomegranate seed oil organogels of carnauba wax and monoglyceride
Authors: Öğütcü Mustafa , Yılmaz Emin
Published: August 2014

The aims of this study were to prepare organogels from pomegranate seed oil (PO) with carnauba wax (CW) and monoglyceride (MG), compare the organogels with a commercial margarine (CM) and evaluate 3 months storage stability. At 3% organogelator addition, no gels were formed, while at 7 and 10% additions, the oil binding capacities increased and were always higher in CW organogels, with crystal formation times of 8.0 to 14.0 min. Solid fat content (SFC) of the CW organogels varied between 2.96 and 8.71% at 20°C, while MG gels had 2.89–9.43%, and CM had 29.73% SFC. The peak melting temperatures of the CW organogels ranged from 74.73 to 75.74°C and MG organogels ranged from 11.09 to 50.63°C, whereas CM product exhibited 45.92°C peak melting temperature. The hardness of CW organogels was higher than that of MG organogels. The organogels showed potential as spreadable products. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41343.
Ultrasonic welding of plasticized PLA films
Authors: Stoehr Neda , Baudrit Benjamin , Haberstroh Edmund , Nase Michael , Heidemeyer Peter , Bastian Martin
Published: August 2014

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a commercially available biobased material that has become an ideal material in packaging applications because of its low toxicity along with its environmentally friendly characteristics. Unfortunately, PLA is rigid and brittle. These characteristics impede its wide application. The flexibility of PLA can be improved by plasticization. In addition, welding polymer films is essential in the packaging production. Therefore, the weldability by means of ultrasonic welding of the neat and with polyethylene glycol plasticized PLA films was analyzed in this study. Moreover, the study examines the influence of the material composition on the processing window, that is, the range of welding parameters which could be used to weld films efficiently, and on the weld quality. This research showed that all examined films can be welded by ultrasonic welding. Furthermore, it was discovered that the addition of a plasticizer has a strong influence on the processing window and on the weld quality. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41351.
Nitrogen pollution negatively affects Stratiotes aloides in Central‐Eastern Europe. Implications for translocation actions
Authors: Abeli Thomas , Rossi Graziano , Smolders Alfons J. P. , Orsenigo Simone
Published: August 2014

The preliminary evaluation of threats and the possibility of their removal or mitigation is a key issue for a successful translocation. Here, the possibility to reintroduce Stratiotes aloides in Italy where it had become extinct about 25 years ago was investigated by studying the difference in water quality in sites where the species currently exists in Europe, where the species has recently disappeared (extinct) and in proposed translocation sites.

Sediment pore‐water samples and surface water samples were collected in 18 localities in The Netherlands, Germany, Hungary, Italy and Romania, representing six European river basins.

The high concentrations of surface water inorganic nitrogen (especially nitrates) were identified as the likely cause of decline of S. aloides in central‐eastern Europe and the cause of extinction of the species in Italy.

The proposed translocation sites are more similar to current conditions of extinct sites than current sites of occurrence of S. aloides, affecting the possibility of successfully reintroducing the species at the southern edge of its European range. Increasing concentration of nitrates in other parts of the species range might further decrease the species abundance.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene in Polar Solvents Mediated by Amphiphilic Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene
Authors: Kabe Ryota , Feng Xinliang , Adachi Chihaya , Müllen Klaus
Published: August 2014

A water‐soluble surfactant consisting of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) as hydrophobic aromatic core and hydrophilic carboxy substituents was synthesized. It exhibited a self‐assembled nanofiber structure in the solid state. Profiting from the π interactions between the large aromatic core of HBC and graphene, the surfactant mediated the exfoliation of graphite into graphene in polar solvents, which was further stabilized by the bulky hydrophilic carboxylic groups. A graphene dispersion with a concentration as high as 1.1 mg L−1 containing 2–6 multilayer nanosheets was obtained. The lateral size of the graphene sheets was in the range of 100–500 nm based on atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements.
Genomics approaches to study musical aptitude
Authors: Oikkonen Jaana , Järvelä Irma
Published: August 2014

Although music and other forms of art can develop in diverse directions, they are linked to the genetic profiles of populations. Hearing music is a strong environmental trigger that serves as an excellent model to study the crosstalk between genes and the environment. We propose that the ability to enjoy and practice music requires musical aptitude, which is a common and innate trait facilitating the enjoyment and practice of music. The innate drive for music can only have arisen by exposure to music, and it develops with motivation and training in musically rich environments. Recent genomic approaches have shown that the genes responsible for inner ear development, auditory pathways and neurocognitive processes may underlay musical aptitude. It is expected that genomic approaches can be applied to musical traits and will reveal new biological mechanisms that affect human evolution, brain function, and civilisation.
Excellent Capacitive Performance of a Three‐Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Graphene/Carbon Composite with a Superhigh Surface Area
Authors: Li Xue Jin , Xing Wei , Zhou Jin , Wang Gui Qiang , Zhuo Shu Ping , Yan Zi Feng , Xue Qing Zhong , Qiao Shi Zhang
Published: August 2014

Three‐dimensional hierarchical porous graphene/carbon composite was successfully synthesized from a solution of graphene oxide and a phenolic resin by using a facile and efficient method. The morphology, structure, and surface property of the composite were investigated intensively by a variety of means such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It is found that graphene serves as a scaffold to form a hierarchical pore texture in the composite, resulting in its superhigh surface area of 2034 m2g−1, thin macropore wall, and high conductivity (152 S m−1). As evidenced by electrochemical measurements in both EMImBF4 ionic liquid and KOH electrolyte, the composite exhibits ideal capacitive behavior, high capacitance, and excellent rate performance due to its unique structure. In EMImBF4, the composite has a high energy density of up to 50.1 Wh kg−1 and also possesses quite stable cycling stability at 100 °C, suggesting its promising application in high‐temperature supercapacitors. In KOH electrolyte, the specific capacitance of this composite can reach up to an unprecedented value of 186.5 F g−1, even at a very high current density of 50 A g−1, suggesting its prosperous application in high‐power applications.
Unexpected Self‐Assembly of a Homochiral Metallosupramolecular M4L4 Catenane
Authors: Hovorka Rainer , Meyer‐Eppler Georg , Piehler Torsten , Hytteballe Sophie , Engeser Marianne , Topić Filip , Rissanen Kari , Lützen Arne
Published: August 2014

Two enantiomerically pure 9,9′‐spirobifluorene‐based bis(pyridine) ligands 1 and 2 were prepared to study their self‐assembly behavior upon coordination to cis‐protected palladium(II) ions. Whereas the sterically more demanding ligand, 2, gave rise to the expected dinuclear metallosupramolecular M2L2 rhombi, the sterically less demanding ligand, 1, acts as a template to give rise to a homochiral metallosupramolecular M4L4 catenane.
Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Nitroalkanes and β,β‐Disubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes for the Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Kawamoto Yuya , Honda Masaki , Okamura Daichi , Umemiya Shigenobu , Noguchi Yuka , Mukaiyama Takasuke , Sato Itaru
Published: August 2014

The asymmetric Michael reaction of nitroalkanes and β,β‐disubstituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether to afford 1,4‐addition products with an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center with excellent enantioselectivity. The reaction is general for β‐substituents such as β‐aryl and β‐alkyl groups, and both nitromethane and nitroethane can be employed. The addition of nitroethane is considered a synthetic equivalent of the asymmetric Michael reaction of ethyl and acetyl substituents by means of radical denitration and Nef reaction, respectively. The short asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐ethosuximide with a quaternary carbon center was accomplished by using the present asymmetric Michael reaction as the key step. The reaction mechanism that involves the E/Z isomerization of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, the retro‐Michael reaction, and the different reactivity between nitromethane and nitroethane is discussed.
Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Michael Addition of Nitromethane to a 2‐Oxoindoline‐3‐ylidene Acetaldehyde and the Three One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of (−)‐Horsfiline and (−)‐Coerulescine
Authors: Mukaiyama Takasuke , Ogata Kento , Sato Itaru , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: August 2014

(−)‐Horsfiline and (−)‐coerulescine were synthesized through three one‐pot operations in 33 and 46 % overall yield, respectively. Key to the success was the efficient use of a diarylprolinol silyl ether to catalyze the asymmetric Michael addition of nitromethane to a 2‐oxoindoline‐3‐ylidene acetaldehyde. This allowed the all‐carbon quaternary, spirocyclic carbon stereocenter to be constructed in good yield with excellent enantioselectivity.
Covalent Bond or Noncovalent Bond: A Supramolecular Strategy for the Construction of Chemically Synthesized Vaccines
Authors: Gao Yue , Sun Zhan‐Yi , Huang Zhi‐Hua , Chen Pu‐Guang , Chen Yong‐Xiang , Zhao Yu‐Fen , Li Yan‐Mei
Published: August 2014

A novel noncovalent strategy to construct chemically synthesized vaccines has been designed to trigger a robust immune response and to dramatically improve the efficiency of vaccine preparation. Glycosylated MUC1 tripartite vaccines were constructed through host–guest interactions with cucurbit[8]uril. These vaccines elicited high levels of IgG antibodies that were recognized by transformed cells and induced the secretion of cytokines. The antisera also mediated complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. This noncovalent strategy with good suitability, scalability, and feasibility can be applied as a universal strategy for the construction of chemically synthesized vaccines.
Dispersion Interaction Stabilizes Sterically Hindered Double Fullerenes
Authors: Zhang Jun , Dolg Michael
Published: August 2014

By state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical methods, we show that for bulky functional groups like cyclohexane, [20]fullerene, dodecahedrane, and C60, the attractive dispersion interaction can have a greater impact on stereochemistry than the repulsive steric effect, making the compact isomer the more stable one. In particular, for the double C60 adduct of pentacene 1, the syn isomer should be the main product instead of the anti one inferred in the original synthesis experiment (Y. Murata et al., J. Org. Chem.­ 1999, 64, 3483). With and without dispersion interactions taken into account, the Gibbs energy difference ΔG(syn−anti) is −6.36 and +1.15 kcal mol−1, respectively. This study reminds us that dispersion interactions as well as electrostatic or hyperconjugation effects, etc. can lead to some unusual stereochemical phenomena.
Theoretical Studies on the Reactions of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4‐Heptafluorocyclopentane with Hydroxyl and Hydrogen Free Radicals
Authors: Lu Dayong , Chao Mingyong , Zhou Xiaomeng
Published: August 2014

1,1,2,2,3,3,4‐Heptafluorocyclopentane (F7A) has considerable potential to be a new halon replacement due to its environmental friendliness and low‐toxicity. However, the reaction processes of F7A with hydroxyl and hydrogen free radicals, which are of great importance for investigating its fire suppression mechanisms, are still unclear. In this paper, ab inito and density functional theory are used to deduce the possible reaction pathways for the reactions of F7A with hydroxyl and hydrogen free radicals at the CCSD/cc‐pVDZ//B3LYP/6‐311++G (d,p) level of theory. Two distinct reaction pathways including ten elementary reaction channels for F7A with hydroxyl free radical, and five distinct reaction pathways including twenty elementary reaction channels for F7A with hydrogen free radical are investigated. The geometries, vibrational frequencies and reaction energy barriers are also determined. Based on the calculated results, the possible reaction mechanisms are proposed and discussed. The most feasible reaction channel for F7A with hydroxyl free radical is that leads to CH(OH)CH2(CF2)3+·F, and the most feasible reaction channel for F7A with hydrogen free radical is that leads to (CF2)3CH2CH·+HF. The study is helpful to further study its fire suppression mechanisms and promote it to be a new generation of halon replacement.
Enantioselective Construction of Functionalized Thiochromans via Squaramide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Sulfa‐Michael/Michael Addition
Authors: Yang Yi , Du Daming
Published: August 2014

An efficient enantioselective cascade sulfa‐Michael/Michael addition reaction of trans‐3‐(2‐mercaptophenyl)‐2‐propenoic acid ethyl ester with nitroalkenes catalyzed by a chiral squaramide catalyst was disclosed. This cascade reaction afforded thiochroman derivatives with three contiguous stereocenters in high yields (up to 94%), excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >25:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
Deammoniative Condensation of Primary Allylic Amines with Nonallylic Amines
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Manbo , Ma Xiantao , Liu Congrong , Gu Yonghong , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: August 2014

An unprecedented deammoniative condensation reaction of primary allylic amines with nonallylic amines has been developed through CN bond cleavage. In the presence of 5 mol% palladium diacetate, 10 mol% 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb), and 5 mol% p‐toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), a range of α‐unbranched primary allylic amines smoothly underwent deammoniative condensation with nonallylic amines in an α‐selective fashion to give structurally diverse secondary and tertiary amines in good to excellent yields and E selectivity. Replacing dppb with racemic 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (BINAP) permitted the deammoniative condensation of enantioenriched α‐chiral primary allylic amines with nonallylic amines to proceed with complete retention of configuration. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction mixture permitted the identification of some π‐allylpalladium intermediates, and plausible mechanisms have been proposed to account for the regioselectivity and stereospecificity of the deammoniative condensation reaction.
The changing landscape of phase II/III metastatic NSCLC clinical trials and the importance of biomarker selection criteria
Authors: Gentzler Ryan D. , Yentz Sarah E. , Johnson Melissa L. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Patel Jyoti D.
Published: August 2014

Over the last decade, new cytotoxic treatments and targeted therapies have altered treatment paradigms for patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to analyze the impact of histology and biomarker selection criteria on outcomes of clinical trials in metastatic NSCLC reported over the last decade at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. Data were collected from ASCO abstracts of Phase II–IV clinical trials for patients with metastatic NSCLC from 2004–2014. 770 of 2,989 identified metastatic NSCLC category abstracts met selection criteria. Despite a decline in the number of abstracts from 107 to 46 abstracts annually over this period, the proportion of trials with positive progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes has increased significantly. Trials with histology selection (6%) or molecular biomarker (15%) criteria were more likely to result in an improvement in PFS than those without selection criteria (21% vs. 8%, p = 0.0001 and 31% vs. 10%, p < 0.0001, respectively). These data demonstrate profound changes in the clinical trial landscape over the last 10 years with significantly increasing proportion of trials with positive outcomes. These changes are likely attributed to the use of histology and biomarker selection criteria in clinical trial design. Cancer 2014;120:3853–3858. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Microstructure and phase transformation of Ti3AC2 (A = Al, Si) in hydrofluoric acid solution
Authors: Chen Beibei , Chang Fangyuan , Yang Jin , Tang Hua , Li Changsheng
Published: August 2014

In this paper, Ti3AC2 (A = Al, Si) were prepared by pressureless argon shielding synthesis technique. The microstructure and phase transformation of as‐prepared Ti3AC2 (A = Al, Si) in hydrothermal hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution were investigated systematically. Results showed that the obtained Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2 were closely aligned layered structure. In hydrothermal HF solution, Al or Si element was preferentially etched from the layered structure, inducing obvious transformation of microstructure and phase composition. For Ti3AlC2, Al atoms diffused out of the structure and reacted with HF to form AlF3•H2O, which induced the rearrangement of the Ti and C atoms, and finally resulted in the formation of TiCx cubic phase. With the hydrothermal temperature and reaction time increasing, the TiCx phase gradually disappeared and the grain size of AlF3•H2O gradually increased. When Ti3SiC2 was immersed in hydrothermal HF solution, the main products were TiC and SiC. Interestingly, with the hydrothermal treatment temperature and reaction time increasing, TiC gradually disappeared, while SiC nearly kept unchanged. This can be explained that SiC was covalently bonded carbide, while TiC was metallically bonded, having relatively weak bond energy and consequently being unstable in hydrothermal HF solution.
Gel‐Derived Cation–π Stacking Films of Carbon Nanotube–Graphene Complexes as Oxygen Cathodes
Authors: Zhang Tao , Matsuda Hirofumi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: August 2014

A key challenge in processing carbon nanotubes and their composites for large‐scale applications is aggregation. Cation–π stacking interactions have been discovered to disperse heavily entangled single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles in ionic liquids (ILs). In this work, we found that a dispersible, silky single‐layer graphene (SLG) can be readily gathered together to form a crosslinked gel after entrapping sufficient IL molecular via the likely noncovalent interaction. By incorporating the dispersed SWNTs into the gathered SLG gel synchronously, we prepared solid, finely crosslinked SWNTs–SLG films, assisted by an avenue of 2‐step extraction to remove the IL completely. The gel‐derived SWNTs–SLG complex film was applied as a support material of oxygen cathodes for Li–O2 batteries. It exhibited a remarkable improved cycleability in comparison to made of SWNTs and SLG alone due to the finely crosslinked feature. Decorated SWNTs and SLG can also form gel‐derived complexes via the same process to construct support–catalyst complexes. A SWNTs–SLG film loaded with Ru nanoparticles exhibited not only catalytic effects, but also the ability to suppress the side reactions, and hence stabilized the whole Li–O2 battery. Our research introduces a gel‐derived, high‐dispersed processing of carbon nanotube‐graphene complexes and demonstrates their favorable applications on Li–O2 batteries.