bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Damage Detection of a 3D Steel Frame Model Using Smartphones
Authors: Xie Botao , Li Jinke , Zhao Xuefeng
Published: February 2019

Smartphones which are built into the suite of sensors, network transmission, data storage, and embedded processing capabilities provide a wide range of response measurement opportunities for structural health monitoring (SHM). The objective of this work was to evaluate and validate the use of smartphones for monitoring damage states in a three-dimensional (3D) steel frame structure subjected to shaking table earthquake excitation. The steel frame is a single-layer structure with four viscous dampers mounted at the beam-column joints to simulate different damage states at their respective locations. The structural acceleration and displacement responses of undamaged and damaged frames were obtained simultaneously by using smartphones and conventional sensors, while the collected response data were compared. Since smartphones can be used to monitor 3D acceleration in a given space and biaxial displacement in a given plane, the acceleration and displacement responses of the Y-axis of the model structure were obtained. Wavelet packet decomposition and relative wavelet entropy (RWE) were employed to analyze the acceleration data to detect damage. The results show that the acceleration responses that were monitored by the smartphones are well matched with the traditional sensors and the errors are generally within 5%. The comparison of the displacement acquired by smartphones and laser displacement sensors is basically good, and error analysis shows that smartphones with a displacement response sampling rate of 30 Hz are more suitable for monitoring structures with low natural frequencies. The damage detection using two kinds of sensors are relatively good. However, the asymmetry of the structure’s spatial stiffness will lead to greater RWE value errors being obtained from the smartphones monitoring data.
Vertical Co-operation in Creative Micro-Enterprises: A Case Study of Textile Crafts of Matiari District, Pakistan
Authors: Shafi Mohsin , Yang Yongzhong , Khan Zobi , Yu Aixian
Published: February 2019

Despite their cultural and economic importance, creative micro-enterprises have received very little attention from academia research, especially with respect to vertical co-operation—customers and suppliers—and innovation. This study aims to fill the literature gap by studying how vertical co-operation improves the performance of micro-enterprises in textile crafts through innovation. A questionnaire was used to collect data from creative micro-enterprises in the textile craft sector operating in the Matiari District of Pakistan. To test the construct validity of the research, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted, and to examine the hypotheses, the bootstrap re-sampling method was used with the SPSS PROCESS macro developed by Hayes. The findings of this study indicate that vertical co-operation positively and significantly affects the innovation and performance of creative micro-enterprises in textile crafts. In addition, we find that innovation plays a significant mediating role between vertical co-operation and performance. Furthermore, contrary to some studies, we empirically provide evidence regarding innovation in craft in terms of product development (design, size, shape, color, etc.), improvement in quality, and replacement/modification of tools.
Toward an Ecological Monetary Theory
Authors: Ament Joe
Published: February 2019

Money is the most ubiquitous institution on the planet and lays the foundation for human civilization. As such it should underlie economic theory. Due to the dualized nature of Western culture, however, mainstream economic theory assumes that money is simply a value relation to make barter efficient. This theory is manifest in orthodox monetary theory and policy. Ecological economics understands the problems attendant to modern money but has heretofore not developed a theory of money of its own. In order to make its economic theory and policy prescriptions viable, this paper argues that ecological economics must develop a theory of money that is simultaneously rooted in an understanding of money’s socio-history, and an ontological reimagining of dualized Western culture.
Impact of Urban Growth and Changes in Land Use on River Flood Hazard in Villahermosa, Tabasco (Mexico)
Authors: Areu-Rangel Omar S. , Cea Luis , Bonasia Rosanna , Espinosa-Echavarria Victor J.
Published: February 2019

The city of Villahermosa, a logistical center in the State of Tabasco’s economy, is affected by recurrent river floods. In this study, we analyzed the impact of two factors that are the most probable causes of this increase in flood hazard: changes in land use in the hydrological catchments upstream of the city, and the uncontrolled urbanization of the floodplains adjacent to the main river channels. Flood discharges for different return periods were evaluated, considering land uses of the catchments, both as they were in 1992 and as they are today. These flood discharges were then used in a 2D shallow water model to estimate the increase of water depths in the city from 1992 to the present day. To evaluate the influence of urban expansion on inundation levels, three future urbanization scenarios were proposed on the basis of the urban growth rate forecast for 2050. Results confirm that the change in land use in the hydrological catchments is the main factor that explains the increase in inundation events observed over recent years. This study also provides useful insights for future city planning that might help to minimize the flood impact on Villahermosa.
Changes in Future Drought with HadGEM2-AO Projections
Authors: Kwon Minsung , Sung Jang Hyun
Published: February 2019

The standardized precipitation index (SPI)—a meteorological drought index—uses various reference precipitation periods. Generally, drought projections using future climate change scenarios compare reference SPIs between baseline and future climates. Here, future drought was projected based on reference precipitation under the baseline climate to quantitatively compare changes in the frequency and severity of future drought. High-resolution climate change scenarios were produced using HadGEM2-AO General Circulation Model (GCM) scenarios for Korean weather stations. Baseline and future 3-month cumulative precipitation data were fitted to gamma distribution; results showed that precipitation of future climate is more than the precipitation of the baseline climate. When future precipitation was set as that of the baseline climate instead of the future climate, results indicated that drought intensity and frequency will decrease because the non-exceedance probability for the same precipitation is larger in the baseline climate than in future climate. However, due to increases in regional precipitation variability over time, some regions with opposite trends were also identified. Therefore, it is necessary to understand baseline and future climates in a region to better design resilience strategies and mechanisms that can help cope with future drought.
Overtopping Failure of a Reinforced Tailings Dam: Laboratory Investigation and Forecasting Model of Dam Failure
Authors: Jing Xiaofei , Chen Yulong , Williams David J. , Serna Marcelo L. , Zheng Hengwei
Published: February 2019

Overtopping failure of reinforced tailings dam may cause significant damage to the environment and even loss of life. In order to investigate the feature of overtopping of the reinforced tailings dam, which has rarely appeared in the literature, the displacement, the phreatic level and the internal stress of dam during overtopping were measured by a series of physical model tests. This study conclusively showed that, as the number of reinforcement layers increased, the anti-erosion capacity of tailings dam was notably improved. It could be supported by the change of the dimension of dam breach, the reduction of stress loss rate, and the rise of phreatic level from the tests. Based on the erosion principle, a mathematical model was proposed to predict the width of the tailings dam breach, considering the number of reinforcement layers. This research provided a framework for the exploration of the overtopping erosion of reinforced tailings dam, and all presented expressions could be applied to predict the development of breach during overtopping.
Reduced graphene oxide supported C3N4 nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO2 reduction
Authors: Rakibuddin Md , Kim Haekyoung
Published: February 2019

The visible light photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to fuel is crucial for the sustainable development of energy resources. In our present work, we report the synthesis of novel reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported C3N4 nanoflake (NF) and quantum dot (QD) hybrid materials (GCN) for visible light induced reduction of CO2. The C3N4 NFs and QDs are prepared by acid treatment of C3N4 nanosheets followed by ultrasonication and hydrothermal heating at 130–190 °C for 5−20 h. It is observed that hydrothermal exposure of acid-treated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets at low temperature generated larger NFs, whereas QDs are formed at higher temperatures. The formation of GCN hybrid materials was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–vis spectroscopy. High-resolution TEM images clearly show that C3N4 QDs (average diameter of 2–3 nm) and NFs (≈20–45 nm) are distributed on the rGO surface within the GCN hybrid material. Among the as-prepared GCN hybrid materials, GCN-5 QDs exhibit excellent CO2 reductive activity for the generation of formaldehyde, HCHO (10.3 mmol h−1 g−1). Therefore, utilization of metal-free carbon-based GCN hybrid materials could be very promising for CO2 photoreduction because of their excellent activity and environmental sustainability.
WEB – BASED SUPPORT POSSIBILITIES IN SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mickaityte Aistė
Published: February 2019

In the cause of world‐wide integration and on constant increase of the number of inhabitants in the cities that extend their territories, the urban development problems become a relevant issue. Sustainable urban development covers a number of activity fields ‐ sustainable planning of land handling, city renovation, sustainable buildings, rational power consumption, sustainable transport, distribution of pollution and shape of a city. The development of all the mentioned processes could be simplified by using information technologies that simplify and facilitate the work performed by specialists; improve its quality and results.

Aims and principles of sustainable urban development, also the possibilities of usage of Internet medium - calculators, software, and decision support system ‐ are defined in the presented article.
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN LITHUANIA UNTIL 2015. PART 2: VISION, MISSION, STRATEGIC GOALS AND ACTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
Authors: Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Kaklauskas Artūras , Banaitis Audrius
Published: February 2019

This two‐part paper provides the main trends of the development of construction in Lithuania until 2015, with the fulfilment of which the construction should use the existing potential as much as possible and should develop it more efficiently.

In the first part the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats in construction sector in Lithuania is carried out in five fundamental aspects. The internationalization of Lithuanian construction sector and sustainable regulation, housing, development of information and internet systems as well as innovation are analyzed in the paper. In the second part the vision and mission of construction sector in Lithuania and the main strategic trends with actions and means of implementation are presented in accordance with the analysis concerning the internationalization of Lithuanian construction sector and sustainable regulation, housing, innovation and development of information and internet systems.
NEW TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE MINSK RING HIGHWAY
Authors: Leonovich Ivan Iosifovich , Bogdanovich Sergey Valerevich
Published: February 2019

In Byelorussia the network of highways intensively develops. For their construction and reconstruction modern technologies are used. The sample of new technical decisions in road construction can be counted the Minsk ring highway. Questions of erection of an earthen cloth on bogs have been here successfully solved. Geosynthetic materials, blacktop with cellulose fibres, noise protection screens from profile metal are used. Construction of bridges and overpasses was carried out with wide application of preliminary intense bearing designs. The bridge cloth and sidewalks are executed from monolithic concrete. For strengthening slopes, ridge vibropressing plates are applied. All works were carried out by wide front with maximal use of high‐efficiency road technics. With the purpose of management of a condition roadway parts on the Minsk belt line three road measuring stations are constructed. They allow to carry out works under the account of transport streams and influences of meteorological‐climatic factors on the traffic‐operational condition of a highway.
EFFECTIVE STEEL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR APPLICATION
Authors: Kvedaras Audronis Kazimieras , Šapalas Antanas
Published: February 2019

Application of effective building structures may induce a big economic effect in the current Lithuanian building industry. The level of strength utilization of components and materials is one of the indexes of the effectiveness of a structure. Composite steel concrete structures are composed of materials with very different mechanical properties. A brittle high‐strength centrifugal concrete core and an elastic‐plastic external shell successfully complement each other. Long‐lasting investigations in Vilnius Gediminas Technical University create a good possibility to implement such structures into real buildings. The main samples of application of composite steel concrete structures are presented in this paper.
THE DAMAGES OF BEARING CONSTRUCTION IN NOT CONSERVED BUILDINGS AND THE RESEARCH INTO THEIR SUITABILITY FOR FUTURE EXPLOATATION
Authors: Dulinskas Eugenijus , Jarmolajev Andrej , Jokūbaitis Vidmantas , Jurkenas Gintaras , Kairyte Lolita , Šaučiuvenas Gintaras , Šneideris Arnoldas , Vainiūnas Povilas
Published: February 2019

There are frequent cases when load‐bearing reinforced concrete structures of not completed buildings are directly exposed to precipitation (rainfall, snowfall) and to environment of positive and negative temperature. Multihollowcore concrete slabs are especially vulnerable to such actions since investigations of condition of non‐conserved buildings indicate that these slabs can crack critically. Water accumulated in hollows of slabs and frozen under negative temperature can split concrete in vertical walls between hollows, inflict concrete cracking below hollows or spalling of large sections together with longitudinal reinforcement in them at the bottom of slabs. In performed investigations of condition of non‐completed and non‐conserved load bearing structures a modern method was employed for the determination of cracking in walls between hollows of slabs, using mini video‐camera. Analysis of cracking in slabs indicated that the character of cracking is governed by the quantity of water accumulated in a hollow at the moment of freezing and the level of freezing water in adjacent hollows of a slab and the compaction quality of concrete in a tensile zone of a slab as well. The analysis of pressure on the surface of hollows developed by ice set can be analysed employing a model of non‐linear analysis of COSMOS/M program and fracture mechanics of solids. Several versions of cracking in multihollowcore concrete slabs are possible, the most critical one of which is when a part of a bottom flange of a slab together with longitudinal reinforcement spalls off due to normal and shear deformations. The accomplished analysis allowed to establish kinetics of cracking for slabs and to evaluate their condition more reliably.
THE ANALYSIS OF MODERN WAYS OF SAMPLING PERSONNEL
Authors: Rimkevičiūte Giedrė
Published: February 2019

This article includes the analysis of modern ways of sampling personnel. Several ways are presented in detail: the significance of the section of personnel, the methods of searching personnel in Lithuania and in the world's practice, job agencies in Lithuania ‐ their types and advantages, the specifics of job hunting in different sources. The conclusions about searching for personnel on‐line: advantages, shortcommings, technical aspects (are given different ways of searching for personnel), effectiveness (in percents) are compared. Some aspects are illustrated by pictures (the most effective ways of searching for personnel).
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING
Authors: Kaklauskas Artūras , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Šaparauskas Jonas
Published: February 2019

Knowledge management definitions are presented in the paper. The types of capital acknowledged by modern economics theory and their relationship to knowledge management are investigated. It is emphasized that recently organizations pay more attention to personnel, their knowledge management, but not to technologies, i.e. organizations realize that effective knowledge management is vital to effective existence of a company. Direct relation of knowledge management to decision making is analyzed.
DEFINITION OF COOLING TEMPERATURE AND DURATION OF STRUCTURES
Authors: Krasnovsky Boris M.
Published: February 2019

The final properties of concrete maintained under winter conditions by the method of a “hot” thermos are defined by the generated structure during its hardenning. The formation of the structure is determined by the temperature factor which influences both the durability of set concrete and the formation of thermo‐strain conditions. Due to non‐uniform temperature the field durability of concrete in various parts of a design can be different as the temperature in the center of the section of a design can exceed the temperature of superficial layers and there can be the stretching pressure exceeding the opportunity of work of concrete. Therefore the knowledge of the picture of a temperature field in the section of a design and the knowledge of laws of his change and its dynamics are necessary for the development of technological solutions providing the required quality of concrete and erected designs.

The technique offered below allows to define the temperature at any point of a cooling structure, the duration of cooling up to the set temperature and the average temperature for the period of cooling.
Retrieving Temperatures and Abundances of Exoplanet Atmospheres with High-resolution Cross-correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Brogi Matteo , Line Michael R.
Published: February 2019

High-resolution spectroscopy (R ≥ 25,000) has recently emerged as one of the leading methods for detecting atomic and molecular species in the atmospheres of exoplanets. However, it has so far been lacking a robust method for extracting quantitative constraints on the temperature structure and molecular/atomic abundances. In this work, we present a novel Bayesian atmospheric retrieval framework applicable to high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS) that relies on the cross-correlation between data and models to extract the planetary spectral signal. We successfully test the framework on simulated data and show that it can correctly determine Bayesian credibility intervals on atmospheric temperatures and abundances, allowing for a quantitative exploration of the inherent degeneracies. Furthermore, our new framework permits us to trivially combine and explore the synergies between HRCCS and low-resolution spectroscopy to maximally leverage the information contained within each. This framework also allows us to quantitatively assess the impact of molecular line opacities at high resolution. We apply the framework to VLT CRIRES K-band spectra of HD 209458 b and HD 189733 b and retrieve abundant carbon monoxide but subsolar abundances for water, which are largely invariant under different model assumptions. This confirms previous analysis of these data sets, but is possibly at odds with detections of H2O at different wavelengths and spectral resolutions. The framework presented here is the first step toward a true synergy between space observatories and ground-based high-resolution observations.
An Ultraviolet–Optical Color–Metallicity Relation for Red Clump Stars Using GALEX and Gaia
Authors: Mohammed Steven , Schiminovich David , Hawkins Keith , Johnson Benjamin , Wang Dun , Hogg David W.
Published: February 2019

Although core helium-burning red clump (RC) stars are faint at ultraviolet wavelengths, their ultraviolet (UV)–optical color is a unique and accessible probe of their physical properties. Using data from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer All Sky Imaging Survey, Gaia Data Release 2, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) DR14 survey, we find that spectroscopic metallicity is strongly correlated with the location of an RC star in the UV–optical color–magnitude diagram. The RC has a wide spread in (NUV–G)0 color of over 4 mag compared to a 0.7 mag range in (G
BP–G
RP)0. We propose a photometric, dust-corrected, UV–optical (NUV–G)0 color–metallicity [Fe/H] relation using a sample of 5,175 RC stars from APOGEE. We show that this relation has a scatter of 0.16 dex and is easier to obtain for large, wide-field samples than for spectroscopic metallicities. Importantly, the effect may be comparable to the spread in RC color attributed to extinction in other studies.
CHEERS Results from NGC 3393. III. Chandra X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Narrow Line Region
Authors: Maksym W. Peter , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Elvis Martin , Karovska Margarita , Paggi Alessandro , Raymond John , Wang Junfeng , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Risaliti Guido
Published: February 2019

We present spatially resolved Chandra narrow-band imaging and imaging spectroscopy of NGC 3393. This galaxy hosts a Compton-thick Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) with sub-kpc bipolar outflows that are strongly interacting with the circumnuclear gas. We identify narrow-band excess emission associated with the Ne ix 0.905 keV transition (with likely contributions due to intermediate-state iron emission) that points to strong shocks driven by AGN feedback. Imaging spectroscopy resolves outflow-interstellar medium (ISM) interaction sites and the surrounding ISM at ∼100 pc scales, and suggests the presence of a hot AGN wind above the plane at radii beyond the shock sites. The cross-cone shows evidence for reprocessing of photoionization that has passed through gaps in the torus, and also for collisionally excited plasma that may be powered by a shock-confined equatorial outflow. Deep X-ray observations at subarcsecond resolution (such as may be performed very efficiently by Lynx, which would also energetically resolve the complex line emission) are necessary to eliminate model degeneracies and reduce uncertainties in local feedback properties.
The Planet Formation Potential around a 45 Myr Old Accreting M Dwarf
Authors: Flaherty Kevin , Hughes A. Meredith , Mamajek Eric E. , Murphy Simon J.
Published: February 2019

Debris disk detections around M dwarfs are rare, and so far no gas emission has been detected from an M dwarf debris disk. This makes the 45 Myr old M dwarf WISE J080822.18-644357.3 a bit of a curiosity; it has a strong infrared excess at an age beyond the lifetime of a typical planet-forming disk, and also exhibits broad Hα emission consistent with active accretion from a gaseous disk. To better understand the cold gas and dust properties of this system, we obtained ALMA observations of the 1.3 mm continuum and the CO/13CO/C18O J = 2–1 emission lines. No cold CO gas is detected from this system, ruling out a gas-rich protoplanetary disk. Unresolved dust continuum emission is detected at a flux of 198 ± 15 μJy, consistent with 0.057 ± 0.006 M
⊕ worth of optically thin dust, and consistent with being generated through a collisional cascade induced by large bodies at radii <16 au. With a sufficiently strong stellar wind, dust grains released in the outer disk can migrate inward via PR drag, potentially serving as a source of grains for the strong infrared excess.
Quiescent Galaxy Size and Spectroscopic Evolution: Combining HSC Imaging and Hectospec Spectroscopy
Authors: Damjanov Ivana , Zahid H. Jabran , Geller Margaret J. , Utsumi Yousuke , Sohn Jubee , Souchereau Harrison
Published: February 2019

We explore the relationships between size, stellar mass, and average stellar population age (indicated by D

n
4000 indices) for a sample of ∼11,000 intermediate-redshift galaxies from the SHELS spectroscopic survey (Geller et al. 2014) augmented by high-resolution Subaru Telescope Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging. In the redshift interval 0.1 < z < 0.6, star-forming galaxies are on average larger than their quiescent counterparts. The mass-complete sample of ∼3500

quiescent galaxies shows that the average size of a

quiescent galaxy increases by ≲25% from z ∼ 0.6 to z ∼ 0.1. This growth rate is a function of stellar mass: the most massive (

) galaxies grow significantly more slowly in size than quiescent systems an order of magnitude less massive that grow by 70% in the 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.3 redshift interval. For

galaxies, age and size are anticorrelated at fixed mass; more massive quiescent systems show no significant trend in size with average stellar population age. The evolution in absolute and fractional abundances of quiescent systems at intermediate redshift are also a function of galaxy stellar mass. The suite of evolutionary trends suggests that galaxies more massive than

have mostly assembled their mass by z ∼ 0.6. Quiescent galaxies with lower stellar masses show more complex evolution that is characterized by a combination of individual quiescent galaxy size growth (through mergers) and an increase in the size of newly quenched galaxies joining the population at later times (progenitor bias). The low-mass population (

) grows predominantly as a result of progenitor bias. For more massive (

) quiescent galaxies, (predominantly minor) mergers and progenitor bias make more comparable contributions to the size growth. At intermediate redshift, quiescent size growth is mass-dependent; the most massive (

) galaxies experience the least rapid increase in size from z ∼ 0.6 to z ∼ 0.1.
A Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova with Enhanced Iron-group Absorption: A New Link between SLSNe and Broad-lined Type Ic SNe
Authors: Blanchard P. K. , Nicholl M. , Berger E. , Chornock R. , Milisavljevic D. , Margutti R. , Gomez S.
Published: February 2019

We present optical observations of the Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) SN 2017dwh at z ≈ 0.13, which reached M

i
 ≈ −21 mag at peak. Spectra taken a few days after peak show an unusual and strong absorption line centered near 3200 Å that we identify with Co ii, suggesting a high fraction of synthesized 56Ni in the ejecta. By ∼1 month after peak, SN 2017dwh became much redder than other SLSNe-I, instead strongly resembling broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (Ic-BL SNe) with clear suppression of the flux redward of ∼5000 Å, providing further evidence for a high mass of Fe-group elements. Late-time upper limits indicate a 56Ni mass of ≲0.6 M
⊙, leaving open the possibility that SN 2017dwh produced a 56Ni mass comparable to SN 1998bw (≈0.4 M
⊙). Fitting the light curve with a combined magnetar and 56Ni model using MOSFiT, we find that the light curve can easily accommodate such masses without affecting the inferred magnetar parameters. We also find that SN 2017dwh occurred in the least-luminous detected host galaxy to date for an SLSN-I, with M

B
 = −13.5 mag and an implied metallicity of Z ∼ 0.08 Z
⊙. The spectral properties of SN 2017dwh provide new evidence linking SLSNe-I with Type Ic-BL SNe, and in particular, the high Fe-group abundance may be due to enhanced 56Ni production or mixing due to asphericity. Finally, we find that SN 2017dwh represents the most extreme end of a correlation between continuum shape and Co ii absorption strength in the near-peak spectra of SLSNe-I, indicating that Fe-group abundance likely accounts for some of the variation in their spectral shapes.
Suprathermal Ion Backgrounds of Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Kahler S. W. , Ling A. G.
Published: February 2019

Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events result from the acceleration of low-energy suprathermal seed particles to high (E > 10 MeV nuc−1) energies by shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Several studies suggest connections between suprathermal particles measured in situ at 1 au and the seed particles accelerated near the Sun to E > 10 MeV. We correlate E > 10 MeV SEP event peak intensities (Ip) with suprathermal H and He intensities at each of two energies averaged over four periods around the SEP onsets in the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite spacecraft during the period of 1998–2016. The 201 SEP events are sorted into four groups by their associated solar source longitudes and are further separated between events in transient CMEs and in normal solar wind (SW). The mean Ip in CME SW that is larger than in normal SW that was found earlier is confirmed. The suprathermals significantly correlate (correlation coefficients CCs ≈ 0.4–0.6) with the SEP Ip from the 0° to W40° range, but only weakly (CC ≈ 0.0–0.3) with SEP events from the well-connected W41° to W83° range. Eastern hemisphere SEP intensities are uncorrelated (CC ≃ 0.0) with suprathermals in normal SW but are well correlated (CC ≈ 0.4–0.7) for those in transient CME SW, which we interpret with a simple model involving perpendicular shock acceleration of the suprathermals. The in situ B field magnitude shows no correlation with SEP intensities for any longitude range or timescale. These results confirm that tracking suprathermal intensities at 1 au can be useful in forecasting the Ip of SEP events.
Measuring the Circumgalactic and Intergalactic Baryon Contents with Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Ravi Vikram
Published: February 2019

Over 80% of the cosmic baryon density is likely to be distributed in the diffuse, ≳104 K circumgalactic and intergalactic medium (CGM and IGM, respectively). We demonstrate that the dispersion measures (DMs) of samples of localized fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be used to measure the distribution of baryons between the CGM and IGM. We propose to separate the CGM and IGM contributions to FRB DMs by including redshift and mass measurements of intervening galaxies. Using simulated samples of FRB sight lines through intervening galaxy halos and an illustrative model for the CGM, and including realistic observational uncertainties, we show that small samples (O(101)–O(102)) of localized FRBs are sensitive to the presence of CGM gas. The fractions of baryons in the CGM and IGM can be accurately estimated with a few tens of FRBs at z < 1, with uncertainties of ∼10% with N = 10 FRBs that decline as N
−1/2. The characteristic radial density profiles of CGM halos may also be possible to constrain with larger FRB samples. The required samples of localized FRBs are expected to be assembled in the coming few years by instruments such as the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, the Deep Synoptic Array, MeerKAT, UTMOST-2D, and the Very Large Array.
A Fan Spine Jet: Nonradial Filament Eruption and the Plasmoid Formation
Authors: Li Haidong , Yang Jiayan
Published: February 2019

Using the data from SDO and NVST, we studied a circular filament eruption in association with the formation of jet under a nonaxisymmetric fan spine configuration. A nonradial motion of the filament toward a null point and the formation of a jet were presented in detail. This event contained a small circular filament, which was located above the polarity inversion line. The nonlinear force-free field extrapolation shows the presence of a nonaxisymmetric fan spine structure above the filament. Thus, the filament was confined by this magnetic field structure. Since the confining magnetic pressure decreases much faster toward the null point than anywhere else, the filament displayed a shift motion toward the null point that resulted in a collision, and a reconnection signature of bidirectional flows was observed. Due to the external magnetic reconnection, the topology of the filament field was reconfigured, accompanying by the scattered filament material spreading along nearby coronal loops, which resulted in a blowout jet. Particularly, some ejected plasma blobs were also observed in the vicinity of the interfaces between the filament and neighboring coronal loops. These blobs originating from the dissipation region may be plasmoids in association with tearing mode instability. We suggested that in pre-jet phase the nonaxisymmetric fan spine configuration can act on the erupting filament, laterally deflecting and channeling its motion toward the null point, which may facilitate the jet formation by magnetic reconnection.
Spectroscopic Detection of a Cusp of Late-type Stars around the Central Black Hole in the Milky Way
Authors: Habibi M. , Gillessen S. , Pfuhl O. , Eisenhauer F. , Plewa P. M. , von Fellenberg S. , Widmann F. , Ott T. , Gao F. , Waisberg I. , Bauböck M. , Jimenez-Rosales A. , Dexter J. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Genzel R.
Published: February 2019

In a dynamically relaxed cluster around a massive black hole a dense stellar cusp of old stars is expected to form. Previous observations showed a relative paucity of red giant stars within the central 0.5 pc in the Galactic Center. By co-adding spectroscopic observations taken over a decade, we identify new late-type stars, including the first five warm giants (G2-G8III), within the central 1 arcsec2 (0.04 × 0.04 pc2) of the Galaxy. Our findings increase the number of late-type stars to 21, of which we present deep spectra for 16. The updated star count, based on individual spectral classification, is used to reconstruct the surface density profile of giant stars. Our study, for the first time, finds a cusp in the surface number density of the spectroscopically identified old (>3 Gyr) giants population (m

K
 < 17) within 0.02–0.4 pc described by a single power law with an exponent Γ = 0.34 ± 0.04.
Phylogeny and species delimitation based on molecular approaches on the species of the Australoheros autrani group (Teleostei, Cichlidae), with biogeographic comments
Authors: Ottoni Felipe Polivanov , Mattos José L. O. , Katz Axel M. , Bragança Pedro H.N.
Published: February 2019

Three distinct and independent molecular-based species delimitation analyses were performed among the species and populations included within theAustraloherosautranigroup, based on sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome b: a tree-based method proposed by Wiens and Penkrot (WP), a Character-based DNA Barcoding (CBB) and coalescent species delimitation method termed the Bayesian Implementation of the Poisson tree processes (bPTP). The congruence of WP and CBB delimited 11 independent lineages (species), while the bPTP delimited just nine lineages. We did not favour any of the methods, and we considered the possibility of two slightly variant scenarios. A time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis is proposed based on the predominant congruence of the results of these three species delimitation methods herein applied. The monophyly of theA.autranispecies group was highly supported with maximum node support value and diagnosed by 11 nucleotide substitutions. The sister clade of theA.autranispecies group is the clade comprisingA.sp. Timbé do Sul andA.minuano. The phylogenetic analysis supports three main clades within theA.autranispecies group, supported by maximum node support value, with the Southern Mata Atlântica clade as the most basal clade. Divergence time estimates indicate that the diversification of theAustraloherosoriginated during the early Neogene, but only in the late Neogene did the processes of diversification in the southeast and north regions occur. Diversification within theAustraloherosautranispecies group occurred synchronically for the three main clades during the beginning of the Quaternary. It is demonstrated that molecular characters are valuable tools for species recognition, particularly in speciose groups with inconspicuous or difficult to record morphological characters. The resulting phylogeny of theAustraloherosautranigroup is highly compatible with the geological and biogeographic scenarios proposed for the Neogene and Quarternary shaping of the extant river basins of eastern Brazil. Despite the origin of theA.autranigroup being dated to the late Miocene, species level diversification occurred in the Pleistocene and was probably driven by headwater capture events and sea-level fluctuations.
Bercy : empire ou constellation de principautés ?
Authors: Bezes Philippe , Descamps Florence , Viallet-Thévenin Scott
Published: February 2019

Le ministère de l’Économie et des Finances a une image publique de lieu univoque, forteresse concentrant le pouvoir, parfois assiégée, le plus souvent conquérante. Cet article examine les ressorts de cette domination et ses limites. D’un côté, il montre que la puissance du ministère résulte de sa position centrale dans les réorientations de nombreuses politiques publiques majeures mais, de l’autre, il souligne aussi l’importance de sa fragmentation organisationnelle en de multiples grandes directions historiques, autonomes et chargées de politiques souvent concurrentes et contradictoires. À ces logiques centrifuges s’opposent cependant de multiples initiatives d’intégration et de coordination, comme la force des réseaux et de l’ethos du ministère mais aussi le mouvement permanent d’absorption et de fusion d’organisations.
Le prélèvement à la source, ou la bataille de Bercy
Authors: Legendre Raphaël
Published: February 2019

Appliqué de 1940 à 1948 en France, le prélèvement à la source fait son grand retour dans l’Hexagone. Les trois années de travaux préparatoires qui ont été nécessaires au lancement de ce chantier pharaonique – trente-huit millions de foyers fiscaux sont concernés – ont été le théâtre de tractations et de luttes de pouvoir intenses entre l’administration, le gouvernement et les entreprises, désormais collectrices de l’impôt contre leur gré. Des luttes telles que le président de la République a lui-même failli annuler la réforme quelques mois seulement avant son lancement. Un épisode inédit, qui a levé le voile sur les relations ambiguës qu’entretiennent au sommet de l’État haute administration publique et pouvoir élu.
Savoir, c’est pouvoir
Authors: de Montchalin Amélie
Published: February 2019

Visiblement déséquilibrée et technique, la relation entre les députés et Bercy dissimule un enjeu d’influence plus profondément politique : l’information. Alors que certains facteurs institutionnels, politiques et culturels limitent considérablement les moyens à disposition des élus de la nation en matière d’accès aux données d’intérêt public et d’évaluation économique et financière, un consensus transpartisan émerge sur l’opportunité de mettre en place un « office d’évaluation des politiques publiques » rattaché à la présidence de l’Assemblée nationale. Avec ce nouvel outil d’autonomie et de responsabilité, la relation entre les députés et Bercy pourra enfin passer d’un face-à-face inquiet à un authentique dialogue ouvert, éclairé et constructif. À travers ce débat se joue non pas tant un enjeu technique qu’un véritable combat démocratique.
Developing Successful Online Degree Programs at a Historically Black University
Authors: Bagasra Anisah
Published: February 2019

This chapter presents an overview of the process of building online degree programs from the ground up utilizing data from the process at a four-year liberal-arts institution in the United States that also has a designation as a Historically Black College (HBCU). The university has expanded both its research and global focus in the past several years, and the development of online degree programs was a natural extension of a desire to produce global leaders through the lens of a traditional liberal arts degree program. This chapter discusses some of the challenges HBCUs and other minority-serving institutions (MSIs) face entering the online education marketplace, particularly the challenge of how HBCUs and MSIs can use their historic legacy and missions to distinguish themselves from competitors and meet the needs of online students.
Towards a Magic Cube Framework in Understanding Higher Education 4.0 Imperative for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Xing Bo
Published: February 2019

Higher Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or HE 4.0, is an umbrella term for accommodating different manner of teaching and learning, research and innovation, service, and infrastructure that are often portrayed as key elements of a university. Despite the imperative of HE 4.0, the truly transformed HE environment is still far from reality. This discrepancy raises many questions such as (1) What makes HE4.0 so special? and (2) How could the potential good of HE 4.0 be unlocked? This chapter seeks to add to the literature by offering a “magic cube” framework, which includes diverse axes, faces, and layers/slices, in understanding various inter-related factors. The result of this study (i.e., the magic cube framework for HE 4.0) is developed to support all stakeholders of higher education system to fully grasp the strengths of HE 4.0 in response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Prospective Students' ZMOT in ICT-Based International Universities
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez Jose Manuel , Hoyos-Villa Oscar Alberto
Published: February 2019

The zero moment of truth (ZMOT) is a concept related to marketing that is changing gradually the traditional strategy used to select a product or service offered in the market. This concept has gained popularity among consumers due to the internet, but ZMOT has been barely analyzed during the selection process of prospective students choosing an international HEI (higher education institution). The objective of this chapter is to reflect how the combination of ZMOT, FMOT (first moment of truth), and SMOT (second moment of truth) is a successful strategy for global universities based on digital marketing to attract prospective students. An educational procedure that can be followed by technology-driven international HEIs, and by universities aiming to attract prospective students. In this sense, the authors propose a brand-new concept entitled PSA (potential for student attraction) that they apply to two campuses (Guadalajara and Mexico City) of the Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico.
Strategic Perspectives of the Digital Supply Chain
Authors: Hanebeck Hanns-Christian L.
Published: February 2019

Supply chain management is one of the oldest aspects of human commerce. It has been around for as long as we can look back in history, and yet, we still have a very limited understanding of what strategic supply chain management entails or constitutes. A strategic approach to supply chain management necessarily needs to consider wider corporate strategic objectives and initiatives, while it has to contribute to the achievement of these goals as all other managerial functions do. We further differentiate between strategic supply chain management, when the supply chain function provides unique competitive advantage and supply chain strategy, when it takes on a supporting role to corporate strategy. The authors develop a case for strategic supply chain management based on edge computing applications through IoT sensors such as GPS or RFID to illustrate that supply chain practitioners need to fundamentally rethink the way current supply chain systems process data and information and also that the approach to collaboration between supply chain partners changes drastically.
Establishing the Program Management Office
Authors: Wiseman Chad
Published: February 2019

This chapter covers the importance of the program management office (PMO) in a digital supply chain transformation. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the key issues in digital supply chain transformations in terms of managing the PMO, followed by a discussion of the solutions and best practices for mitigating these issues and ensuring the PMO is a value-added function and key enabler of a digital supply chain transformation. The reader should have a good understanding of the activities that the PMO should perform, the skills required for PMO resources, and the process of building the business case and using it to track the benefits to prove the transformation was effective.
Cognitive Integrated Business Planning
Authors: Shaikh Salim
Published: February 2019

Supply chains of the 21st century are becoming exponentially more complex due to increased mergers and acquisitions, the omni-channel conflict, direct-to-consumer, rapid proliferation of product configurations, same-day delivery, the recall management problem, shrinking product lifecycles, and market volatility. Moreover, today's consumers are increasingly demanding a personalized, consistent, and seamless experience across retail, online, and mobile. To be able to serve this diverse spectrum of customers, products, markets, and channels and at the same time do so in a win-win profitable manner, organizations need a cognitive integrated business planning process, which has the ability to act with speed, agility, responsiveness, and flexibility, leveraging machine learning and artificial intelligence for predictive and prescriptive analytics, thereby enabling organizations to realign their plans quickly through an always-on, self-learning, and autonomous integrated business planning process.
Digital Inventory Optimization
Authors: Werner Andreas
Published: February 2019

This chapter provides an overview of select inventory optimization (IO) techniques for single and multi-echelon optimization. The main goal is to familiarize the reader with various IO models by providing a clearly structured approach, improving the reader's understanding of the mathematical concepts, and by providing an ample number of examples. Furthermore, the guaranteed service model for a three stage serial supply chain is introduced to show the effects of keeping inventory at different echelons in the supply chain in regards to total cost. Lastly an inventory planning maturity model is presented to show actionable next steps to the practitioner.
KANBAN Optimization in Relationship Between Industry 4.0 and Project Management Approach
Authors: Cakmakci Mehmet , Kucukyasar Melis , Aydin Elif Sultan , Aktas Beyza , Sarikaya Merve Burcu , Bekar Ebru Turanoglu
Published: February 2019

The aim of this chapter is to arrange KANBAN shelving in order to calculate the optimum order quantity of the materials supplied for the TV main boards in an electronic factory and to minimize the stacking of material waiting in the production area. To optimize this problem, a mathematical model is developed and solved in an optimization program. In addition, a number of proposals have been submitted under an Industry 4.0 to manage deficiencies in material following. The performance measures of both cases were compared, and the results evaluated. Due to the shortage of material following the next step of the problem, the company has been recommended to apply radio frequency identification (RFID). With the project management approach, all the critical information needed to manage materials, such as the materials themselves, production processes and stock information, has been clearly updated to keep the entire process under control.