bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-chronic hepatotoxicity test of Plantago mayor L. extract
Authors: Sutrisna Eman , Wati Setia , Utami Farissa , Fauziah Rahayu Nurmalia , Abdurrachman Dara AisyahRahayu , Harini Ika Murti , Silviningrum Thianti
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to examine hepatotoxicity of Plantago mayor L. extract on rat by using effective dosage. By experimental study and post test only with control group design. 15 rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided in to 3 group. Group A as a natural control was given aquades. Group B and C were given extract of Plantago major L. 50mg, and 100mg/200g BW rat/day per oral. Liver function was determined with measurement of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and histopathological feature of liver. Blood sampling and Liver organ were taken after 28 days of intervention. The average of AST levels, ALT and total bilirubin among groups A, B and C were AST levels (145.40±52.92, 129.00±34.89, and 115.60±13.24 U/l), ALT (76.40±18.87, 83.20±18.71, and 61.00±8.45 U/l) and total bilirubin (0.56±0.03, 0.77±0.22, and 0.58±0.08 mg/dL). Statistical analysis showed that there were not significantly differences of AST levels (p=0,63; CI95%), ALT (p=0,47; CI95%) and total bilirubin (p=0,0,09; CI95%) between the groups. In histopathological features, the average Scheuer score between groups A, B and C is 1.79 ± 0.74, 3.30 ± 0.66 and 2.84 ± 0.77. There is a significant difference in Scheuer scores between the groups (p=0,005; CI95%) that show that there is a difference in the effect of giving extract of Plantago major L. to hepatocyte cells leading to a piecemeal necrosis. This study can be concluded that in effective dosage, Plantago major L. extract able to induce hepatocytes injury although it cannot cause liver disfunction yet.
Production of Hydroxyl Radical and Removal of Formaldehyde by Calcined Green Tuff Powder and Tile
Authors: Fujita Toyohisa , Zhang Lanyin , Dodbiba Gjergj , Anh Ji-Whan , Wei Yuezhou , Kurokawa Hiromi , Matsui Hirofumi , Yamamoto Shigeki , Kawaguchi Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

Wasted Green tuff powder produced by cutting Towada stone is recycled as environmental cleaning material. The optimum temperature for green tuff powder calcination to reduce the hydroxyl radical produced in hydrogen peroxide decomposition with ultraviolet light (UV) and no light. The green tuff calcined at 800 °C shows the large decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide with no UV light when measured by using ESR. With UV light, the optimum temperature for calcinating the green tuff powder in order to reduce hydroxyl radical is also 800 °C. Next, the powder calcined at 800 °C is used to produce the tile by compression and heating, and then the formaldehyde adsorption rate was measured. The green tuff powder calcined at 800 °C showed a high adsorption rate, similar to that of the activated carbon. The tiles formed at 40 MPa and heated st 1100 °C were the strongest and also adsorbed formaldehyde. The adsorbed formaldehyde on the green tuff tile and powder might have a possibility to decompose by photocatalytic.
Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803
Authors: Quintero-Dallos Viviana , B. García-Martínez Janet , E. Contreras-Ropero Jefferson , F. Barajas-Solano Andrés , Barajas-Ferrerira Crisostomo , Lavecchia Roberto , Zuorro Antonio
Published: June 2019

This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached. Then, the daily biomass productivity began to decrease, up to an average value of 11.8 g/L at the 16th day. For all treatments, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of most metabolites in the first eight days. This was likely due to the adaptation of the biomass to the new conditions, with a transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. From the 10th day, the concentration of metabolites in the biomass began to increase, reaching a nearly constant value at the 16th day. The observed maximum concentrations (%w/w) were: 48.95% proteins, 2.88% xylose, 7.82% glucose, 4.54% arabinose, 8.28% fructose and 4.82% lipids. These values were only marginally affected by the type of treatment. Overall, the results obtained suggest that vinasse is a promising and sustainable medium for the growth of C. vulgaris and the production of valuable metabolites.
Evaluating the Performance of Corner Detection Approaches for Features Extraction from UAV Images
Authors: Al-Rawabdeh Abdulla , Almagbile Ali , khawaldeh Ahmad , Aldayafleh Omar , Zeitoun Mohammad , Hazaymeh Khaled
Published: June 2019

Many corner detector techniques have already been used in extracting information from UAV images to perform various photogrammetric and mapping activities. Among these techniques is the Feature from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and the Harris corner detector. It is widely agreed that the evaluation of detectors is of great importance because it evaluates and enhances the accuracy of the detected features. This research evaluates the performance of FAST-9 and FAST-12 as well as the Harris detector in terms of the repeatability rate, completeness, and correctness under different threshold values. Each method is evaluated in terms of its ability for detection UAV objects (crowd and cars features). Then the common detected features between both FAST versions and the Harris detector are extracted. This is to determine which method performs best under different image conditions (e.g., illumination variations, camera position and orientation, and image noise). The results show that the size of the threshold plays a crucial role in determining the number of detected feature points. An increase in the threshold value leads to a decrease in the number of detected points and vice versa. Thus, the correctness decreases whereas the completeness increases as a function of the threshold values. Furthermore, the relationship between the FAST-9 and the Harris detector is slightly better than those between the FAST-12 and the Harris detector. This is because the number of common features between the FAST-9 and the Harris detector are relatively higher than those between the FAST-12 and the Harris detector.
Mitigating Pilot Contamination with Scrambling Sequences
Authors: Pereira de Figueiredo Felipe Augusto
Published: June 2019

In this letter, we advocate that it is possible to mitigate Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO systems by scrambling the pilot sequences with a Base Station (BS) scrambling sequence. It is possible if a set of sequences is carefully designed to meet the orthogonality property defined in this letter. Each BS possesses its own scrambling sequence that can be reused the same way frequency reuse is applied to cell deployment. The main advantage of the prosed pilot generation scheme is that the frequency reuse factor can be set to 1, the most aggressive one, while the scrambling sequences can be reused with much less aggressive reuse factors (e.g. 4, 7, 9, 12, etc.), which in consequence results in pilot contamination mitigation and increased system's performance.
Haji Dua Kali: Kajian terhadap Motif Pengulangan Haji Masyarakat Muslim di Kudus
Authors: Faatin Salmah
Published: June 2019

Salah satu fenomena seputar haji yang layak mendapatkan perhatian adalah maraknya pengulangan haji di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Meningkatkan frekuensi haji akhir-akhir ini menjadi trend dan gaya hidup. Beberapa penelitian menegaskan bahwa fenomena pengulangan haji senyatanya telah memberikan dampak negatif dalam berbagai sektor kehidupan. Bahkan disinyalir telah muncul beragam problem dan kesenjangan dalam ranah realitas dan normativitas berhaji. Motif dan spiritualitas berhaji disinyalir telah keluar dari substansi pensyariatan haji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap fenomena pengulangan haji masyarakat muslim di Kudus serta mengetahui apa saja motif masyarakat muslim Kudus mengulangi ibadah haji. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk mengidentifikasi dan menggambarkan fenomena pengulangan haji, karena penelitian ini menjelaskan pengalaman hidup informan yang dimaknai secara subjektif oleh mereka sendiri serta mencari inti dari makna pengalaman yang dialami oleh individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengulangan haji di kalangan masyarakat muslim Kudus disebabkan faktor politik, ekonomi dan sosial keagamaan. Motif mengulang haji di kalangan masyarakat muslim Kudus dikaji dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan psikologi dan sosiologi, selanjutnya dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi untuk reinterpretasi dan rekonstruksi pemaknaan masyarakat terhadap ibadah haji yang humanis sebagaimana ideal moral pensyariatannya. 
The mastery of physics concepts between students are learning by ICT and laboratory experiments based-teaching
Authors: Nggadas Drikben Eka Putra , Ariswan Ariswan
Published: June 2019

The study aimed to examine differences in the mastery of physics concepts between students are learning by ICT based-teaching and laboratory experiments based-teaching. The particular research was quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest design with nonequivalent groups. The sample size was three classes selected from the population of students on class X of SMA N 4 Kupang. The data collection method used multiple choice questions tests. Data analysis used independent samples t-test using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The results of data analysis using t-test at a significance level of 0.05 indicated that there was a difference in the average mastery of physics concepts between students are learning by ICT based-teaching and the laboratory experiments based-teaching. The mean score of the mastery of physics concept on students are learning by ICT based-teaching was higher than students are learning by laboratory experiments based-teaching.
Genetic variants in humanin nuclear isoform gene regions show no association with coronary artery disease
Authors: Eltermaa Mall , Jakobson Maili , Utt Meeme , Kõks Sulev , Mägi Reedik , Starkopf Joel
Published: June 2019

Background

Coronary artery disease contributes to noncommunicable disease deaths worldwide. In order to make preventive methods more accurate, we need to know more about the development and progress of this pathology, including the genetic aspects. Humanin is a small peptide known for its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. Our study looked for genomic associations between humanin-like nuclear isoform genes and coronary artery disease using CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium data.

Results

Lookup from meta-analysis datasets gave single nucleotide polymorphisms in all 13 humanin-like nuclear isoform genes with the lowest P-value for rs6151662 from the MTRNR2L2 gene including the 50 kb flanking region in both directions (P-value = 0.0037). Within the gene region alone the top variant was rs78083998 from the MTRNR2L13 region (meta-analysis P-value=0.042). None of the found associations were statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Lookup for expression trait loci in these gene regions gave no statistically significant variants.

Conclusions

Single nucleotide variants in the 13 humanin-like nuclear gene regions located in different chromosomes are not directly associated with coronary artery disease. However, they may contribute to disease development and progress through omnigenic networks.
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of grafting onto Artemisia scoparia to affect the aphid resistance of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Sun Xianzhi , Zhang Sheng , Liu Fangfang , Yang Jinghui , Fan Jie
Published: June 2019

Aphid stress drastically influences the yield and quality of chrysanthemum, and thus grafting has been widely used to improve tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. But how grafting affects chrysanthemum resistance to aphid the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we used the RNA-Seq platform to perform a de novo transcriptome assembly to analyze the selfrooted grafted chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'Hangbaiju') and the grafted Artermisia-chrysanthemum (grafting onto Artemisia scoparia) transcription response to aphid stress. The results showed that there were 1337 differently expressed genes (DEGs), among which 680 were up-regulated, and 667 were down-regulated in Cm/As in comparison to Cm/Cm. These genes were mainly involved in glycometabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phytohormone signaling and plant-to-pathogen pathway, and so on. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed the coordinated up-regulation of these genes from numerous functional categories related to aphid stress responses. In addition, we performed the determination of physiological indicators of chrysanthemum treated under aphid stress, and the results were basically consistent with molecular sequencing results. All evidence indicated that grafting onto Artemisia scoparia upregulated aphid stress responses in chrysanthemum. In summary, our study presents a genome-wide transcript profile of the selfrooted grafted chrysanthemum and the grafted Artermisia-chrysanthemum and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of C.morifolium in response to aphid infestation. These data contributes to our deeper relevant researches on aphid tolerance and further exploring new candidate genes for chrysanthemum molecular breeding.
Fewer hospitalizations and prolonged technique survival with Home Hemodialysis– a matched cohort study from the Swedish Renal Registry
Authors: Rydell Helena , Ivarsson Kerstin , Almquist Martin , Clyne Naomi , Segelmark Mårten
Published: June 2019

Background

Patients on home hemodialysis (HHD) exhibit superior survival compared with patients on institutional hemodialysis (IHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, the effects of treatment modality on morbidity and health care utilization are divergent between studies. The aim of this study is to compare health care utilization between modalities.

Methods

The Swedish Renal Registry was used to retrieve patients starting on HHD, IHD or PD. Patients were matched according to sex, age, comorbidity and start date. The Swedish Inpatient Registry was used to determine comorbidity before starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) and hospital admissions during RRT. Dialysis technique survival was compared between HHD and PD.

Results

RRT was initiated with HHD for 152 patients; these were matched with 608 patients with IHD and 456 with PD. Patients with HHD had significantly lower median annual admission rate and number of days in hospital. (1.7 admissions; 12 days) compared with IHD (2.2; 14) and PD (2.8; 20).

The annual admission rate was significantly lower for patients with HHD compared with IHD for cardiovascular diagnoses and compared with PD for infectious disease diagnoses. Dialysis technique survival was significantly longer with HHD compared with PD.

Conclusions

Patients choosing HHD as initial RRT spend less time in hospital compared with patients on IHD and PD and they were more likely than PD patients, to remain on their initial modality. These advantages, in combination with better survival and higher likelihood of renal transplantation, are important incentives for promoting the use of HHD.
Charging of overseas visitors within England and achieving Universal Health Coverage: A cross sectional analysis of a freedom of information request of NHS trusts in England
Authors: Dobbin Joanna , Milner Adrienne , Dobbin Alexander , Potter Jessica
Published: June 2019

Background
Not everybody living in or visiting the UK is eligible for free NHS care. Individuals from outside the European Economic Area who have not paid the immigration surcharge are chargeable for NHS care at 150% of cost. In 2017, new regulations introduced upfront charging for non-urgent care. Following this, reports of individuals being denied treatment – in particular British people from the Windrush generation appeared. This research provides the first large scale dataset examining the demographics of those charged.

Methods
A freedom of information request was sent to 135 acute non-specialist NHS trusts in England to create a database of non-EEA overseas visitors charges from 2016/17 and 2017/18. This cross sectional survey was analysed using multiple linear regression to explore the relationship between sex, age, nationality, ethnicity, urgency and the cost of health care.

Results
Of 135 acute non-specialist trusts in England 64 replied, providing a data set of 13,484 patients. Women were found to be invoiced higher amounts than men (p=0.002). Patients were more likely to be women (63% vs. 37% men), and within this group, almost half of patients were of reproductive age, with 47.9% (3165) aged 16 to 40 years old. Multiple linear regression by age group showed that age is significantly related to the cost of health care with patients over 65 paying more than those aged 16-40, and 41-64 (p=0.011), and children under 16 paying less (p<0.001). The urgency of treatment was significantly related to cost, with the most urgent (immediantly necessary) treatment costing the most (p<0.001).

Conclusions
The demographics of those charged as overseas visitors alligns with the pattern of estimated costs of care for NHS care overall, where women of reproductive age and older patients require a higher amount of medical care. This research reflects current concerns of migrants being left behind in the strive towards universal health coverage which should be based upon quality, equality, and financial protection for patients. A key limitation was the low response rate.. The limitation of missing data has meant that questions surrounding possible charging discrimination of ethnic grounds cannot be answered.
Needs and skills of informal caregivers to care for a dependent person: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dixe Maria , Teixeira Liliana , Areosa Timoteo , Frontini Roberta , Peralta Teresa , Querido Ana
Published: June 2019

Background: The world is facing many socio-demographic changes, such as an increased average life expectancy and the presence of chronic and non-communicable diseases, which in turn, leads to an enhanced dependency on others. Consequently, the demand for informal caregivers has significantly increased during the past few years. Caring for a dependent person is linked to a series of burdens that often leads to physical, psychological and emotional difficulties. Taking into consideration the difficulties faced by informal caregivers, knowing in which areas of functioning they need more guidance may help to relieve their burden. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to better understand the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver when caring for a dependent person in the different self-care domains.
Methods: cross-sectional study using face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics alongside non-parametric statistical techniques such as the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation were used.
Results: The average age of the informal caregivers is 58 years old, with the youngest in our sample being 21 years of age. Most of them are female, and 50% of them are children taking care of one of their parents. Most of the dependent people are completely dependent in the areas of comfort and hygiene (53.8%) and medication management (55.9%). The female informal caregivers see themselves as having more competencies in sanitary hygiene than the male ones, with no significant differences in their competencies’ perception in the other areas of self-care. Older caregivers see themselves as less competent in certain areas of self-care such as feeding, mobility, transfers, medication and symptoms management and communication. Most part of the information given to the informal caregiver is about the disease (82.3%) and about the medication management (80.4%). There are still a lot of areas of self-care, where no information, or almost none, is given to the informal caregivers.
Conclusions: Prior to home discharge of a dependent person, it is important to acknowledge the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver, to capacitate them in looking after their relatives, in order to help decrease their burden and consequently, decrease the number of hospital readmissions.
Characterization of human norovirus binding to gut-associated bacterial ligands
Authors: Almand Erin , Moore Matthew D. , Jaykus Lee-Ann
Published: June 2019

Objective

Research suggests human norovirus binding to histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like molecules on enteric bacteria may enhance viral pathogenesis; however, the properties of these bacterial ligands are not well known. Previous work identified, but did not characterize seven norovirus-binding bacteria. To further characterize this bacteria-virus binding interaction, enteric bacteria were analyzed via Western blot with anti-HBGA antibodies and lectins targeting HBGA-associated sugar components. Virus overlay assays using capsids from six different human norovirus strains further identified responsible ligands and strain dependent binding properties.

Results

Each bacterial species possessed varying degrees of HBGA-like activity, and lectin binding further elucidated potential sugar residues involved (N-acetyl-galactosamine, α-D-galactose or α-L-fucose). Both GI and GII norovirus capsids bound specific bacterial ligand sizes, and generally corresponded to anti-HBGA Western blot patterns. A 35-kDa band reacted with all HBGA antibodies, bound all six of the noroviruses tested, and had a high affinity for the lectins. Collectively, this work characterizes the varying carbohydrate residues potentially responsible for norovirus-bacteria interactions and provides a basis for future ligand identification.
Prevalence and Etiological Agents for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media among Patients Attending Otorhinolaryngology Department at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Ntunaguzi Daudi , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce , Mapondella Kassim Babu , Massawe Enica Richard , Nkuwi Emmanuel James , Nkya Aslam
Published: June 2019

Objective

Chronic suppurative otitis media is among the commonest otological condition reported in otorhinolaryngology practice commonly attributing to preventable hearing loss. The aim of this study was thus to determine the prevalence and etiological agents for chronic suppurative otitis media in our department.

Results

A total of 5591 patients were recruited in this study where 79 (1.4%) were found to have chronic suppurative otitis media. Male preponderance (54.4%) was found in this study and the left ear (58.2%) was more affected than right ear. Central perforation was the commonest pattern reported in 53% of cases and none had attic perforation. Of the 81 processed ear swabs, microbial growth was seen in 80 (98.8%) whilst one sample showed no microbial growth whereas 52.5% had polymicrobial growth.
The Efficacy of 0.1% Tacrolimus Eye Drop for Noninfectious, Non-Necrotizing Anterior Scleritis
Authors: Yazu Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Dai , Fujishima Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: To examine the efficacy of 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops in the treatment of noninfectious, non-necrotizing anterior scleritis.
METHODS: This prospective, single-arm study included nine patients (4 males and 5 females; mean age = 59.4 years, standard deviation = 10.5) with anterior scleritis. All patients were first treated with steroids for 1 month and then switched to tacrolimus eye drops alone. We defined baseline as the initiation of steroid or tacrolimus eye drops. Hyperemia and pain were scored before each treatment, at 1 and 2 weeks, and at 1 month after initiation of each treatment by using 5 grades (0 = none; 1+ = mild; 2+ = moderate; 3+ = severe; 4+ = extremely severe). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured from baseline to 6 months after initiating tacrolimus eye drops. Safety was assessed based on the severity and the incidence of adverse events.
RESULTS: The scores of hyperemia and pain had significantly decreased from baseline by 1 week after initiating tacrolimus eye drops (both P < 0.05). No significant reduction was observed with steroid treatment throughout the 1-month period in terms of both scores. Tacrolimus eye drops elicited statistically significant differences in mean IOP over the course of treatment (P = 0.02). No additional medications were required to provide relief in any of the patients receiving tacrolimus treatment. No patient had infectious adverse events after initiation of tacrolimus treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Topical tacrolimus may effectively and immediately reduce clinical signs and symptoms of noninfectious, non-necrotizing anterior scleritis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was prospectively registered on 16/10/2015 under the number (UMIN000034460).
Anchor moored positioning technique by suture anchor and Endobutton fixation for treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation
Authors: Ying Pu , Shen Yingchao , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2019

Background

Numerous surgical methods have been used for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction.In this study, we analyzed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of truly anatomic coracoclavicular ligaments reconstruction (TACCR) and truly anatomic acromioclavicular ligaments reconstruction (TAACR) using suture anchor and Endobutton fixation for treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Methods

48 patients (mean age 49 years) with severe acromioclavicular joint dislocation. The patients were classified as Rockwood type III (n=28), IV (n=3) and V (n=17). All patients were operatively treated using anchor moored positioning technique by suture anchor and Endobutton fixation. Clinical and radiographic evaluation include the visual analog scale (VAS), Constant scores (CS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores and radiographic outcomes.

Results

The mean follow-up was 34 months. The VAS decreased from 5 preoperatively to 0 at 24 months (P < .001). The CS and ASES scores improved from 43, 44 preoperatively to 96, 97 at 24 months separately (P < .001). Meanwhile, 47 patients (97.9%) demonstrated stable anatomical fixation on final postoperative radiographs. Loss of reduction occurred in 1 patient (2.1%), but was not correlated with functional outcome.

Conclusions

Anchor moored positioning technique with Bi-directional fixations by suture anchor and Endobutton fixation represents a new and reliable treatment of AC joint dislocation.
Profile of renal artery embolization (RAE) for renal trauma: A comparison of data from two major trauma centers
Authors: chen jie , cai wei cong , Li Li Ping
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of this article is to elucidate the current situation of renal interventional therapy and discuss the indications for this treatment.
Methods: A retrospective study was performed evaluating the electronic medical records of all patients with renal trauma admitted to two major comprehensive hospitals in Shantou city from January 2006 to December 2015.
Results: There were 264 and 304 renal traumatic patients admitted to hospital A and B, respectively. low-grade renal trauma(LGRT) was the reason for presentation in the majority of patients (522, 91.9%). A total of 534 (94.0%) patients were treated conservatively. RAE was performed in 9 patients from 2012 to 2015 at hospital A, including in 6 patients (6/9, 66.7%) with LGRT, and 3 patients (3/9, 33.3%) with high-grade renal trauma (HGRT). No patient underwent interventional therapy (RAE) at hospital B during the same period. No significant differences in the operative rate of hospital A were observed between the two time periods (2006-2011 and 2012-2015). The operative rate for LGRT between the two hospitals from 2006 to 2011 and 2012 to 2015 was not significantly different. Hospital A showed a significant decrease in the rate of conservative treatment for patients with LGRT. In the univariate analyses, the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal grade was significantly associated with undergoing RAE. Additionally, in the multivariate analysis, only the AAST renal grade (odds ratio [OR], 13.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.91-63.06) was significantly associated with undergoing RAE.
Conclusions: LGRT was present in the majority of patients, and most cases of renal trauma could be treated with conservative treatment. RAE was well utilized for the treatment of renal trauma. However, some patients with LGRT were treated with unnecessary interventional therapy.
'The mean mummy way' – Experiences of parents instilling eye drops to their young children as described in online forums and blogs
Authors: Law Gloria C , Bülbül Alpaslan , Jones Christina , Smith Helen Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

Background: Adults often have difficulty instilling eye drops in their own eyes, but little is known about the difficulties experienced by parents when administering eye drops to their young children. The challenges of administering eye drops to children are accentuated by their poor cooperation, but little has been documented about the difficulties experienced by parents when administering eye drops to their young children. This qualitative study explores parents’ experiences of administering eye drops to their children in online forum discussions and blog posts.
Methods: The written exchanges between parents participating in online forum discussions and blog posts relating to the administration of eye drops to young children were thematically analysed.
Results: We found 64 forum discussion threads and 4 blog posts, representing 464 unique contributors expressing their experiences of eye drop administration to young children. Three major themes were identified - administration difficulties, administration techniques and role of health care professionals. Besides describing their children’s distress, parents discussed their own discomfort as the administrator of eye drops; alluding to feeling ‘horrible’ and ‘cruel’. Parents used a variety of techniques to facilitate adherence with medication, including restraining the child, role-play, reassurance, distraction or reward. The recommended strategies for eye drop administration occasionally included reiteration of professional advice, but were dominated by parents’ own ideas/suggestions; interestingly health care professionals were considered diagnosticians and prescribers, but not sources of practical advice on administration.
Conclusion: Parental narratives shared on the internet have highlighted significant young child and parental distress associated with eye drop administration. The analysis of digital social networks has the potential to identify patient problems that health professionals may not have previously recognised nor appreciated the magnitude. The current study reveals that parents’ experiences dominated the online discourse with their own advice and suggestions regarding administrating eye drops to young children but little did they recall on the advice from healthcare professionals, highlighting the need for clinicians in improving their explanations to parents about eye drop administration.
Retinal relaxation following membrane peeling: Effect on vision, central macular thickness, and vector analysis of motion
Authors: Smet Marc D. de , Julian Karina , Maurin Jerick , Jolissaint Laurent P. , Mura Marco
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Removal of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) leads to the outward displacement of retinal vessels and visual improvement. The direction and extent of displacement in the form of a vector analysis over the posterior pole can provide a better understanding of the dynamics and duration of this process, while the magnitude might have implications in terms of visual outcome. Methods: Scanning laser ophthalmoscope images of the retina of eyes undergoing ERM peeling were compared before and 6 months after surgery. Stratification was made between prominent and limited displacement, with assessment of visual acuity (VA), and central macular thickness (CMT). In three cases, using the optic nerve as reference, 50 landmarks were chosen within the posterior pole along large and small vascular structures allowing the construction of a vector map of displacement over 1 year. Results: Nine eyes with prominent displacement (up to 400µm) and 6 eyes with limited displacement were assessed. Three lines of improvements in VA were observed in both groups over a 6 month period. Starting vision was lower in the eyes with prominent displacement. The CMT decrease was variable in onset in both groups but when observed was present within the first 3 months. CMT decrease was most significant in eyes with the greatest vascular displacement (initial: mean 445+/- 173µm; 6 months mean 352+/- 95µm) compared to eyes with less displacement (initial 366+/- 82µm; at 6 months 317 +/- 94µm). Vector analysis showed that most vascular movements occurred over the first 6 months, and involved the whole surface of the posterior retina, extending in some cases beyond the arcades. The displacement originated around distinct nodes of contraction.Conclusions: Retinal relaxation can occur over a large surface area. The superficial displacement of structures which served as a basis for the current analysis did not correlate with the change in vision. Vision recovery is likely correlated more closely with wrinkling of outer retinal layers.
Usefulness of a stool to stabilize dental chairs for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Authors: Awata Norimasa , Hitosugi Takashi , Miki Yoichiro , Kawakubo Yoshifumi , Yokoyama Takeshi
Published: June 2019

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) requires immediate start of external chest compression (ECC) and cardioversion as soon as possible. During dental surgery, CPR could be started in the dental chair considering difficulty to move the patient from the dental chair to the floor. However, all types of dental chairs are not stable for ECC. We previously developed a procedure to stabilize a dental chair by using a stool. ERC guideline 2015 adopted our procedure when cardiac arrest during dental surgery. The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of a stool as a stabilizer in different types of dental chairs.
Methods: Three health care providers participated in this study, and 8 kinds of dental chairs were examined. ECC were performed on a manikin that was laid on the backrest of a dental chair. A stool was placed under the backrest to stabilize the dental chair. The vertical displacement of the backrest by ECC were compared between with and without a stool, and recorded by a camcorder.
Results: In all 8 dental chairs, the method by using a stool significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the vertical displacements of the backrest by ECC. The reduction ratio varies varied between nearly 39 and 85%, and the overall mean was 62 ± 11%although it was different by chairs.
Conclusions: Our procedure to stabilize dental chairs by using a stool reduced the displacement of a backrest against ECC in all chairs.
Clinical relevance: Effective ECC could be performed in dental chairs by using a stool when sudden cardiac arrest occurs during dental surgery.
Volatile aroma compounds in Moskovskaya cooked smoked sausage formed in different types of casings
Authors: Semenova Anastasia , Ivankin Andrey , Kuznetsova Tatyana , Dydykin Andrei , Nasonova Viktoria , Mileenkova Elena
Published: June 2019

The paper presents a study of Moskovskaya cooked smoked sausages formed in various artificial casings: fibrous (cellulose), collagen, and polyamide. An oxygen permeability oxygen permeability of the casings was above 40 cm3 and below 30 cm3/m2∙24 h∙bar. The study involved a sensory evaluation and instrumental tests using a VOCmeter multi-sensor system (‘electronic nose’) and a 7890A gas chromatograph with a 5975C VLMSD mass-selective detector (Agilent Technologies). We obtained original data on the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of substances that form the aroma of cooked smoked sausages in various types of casings. We found that the samples contained two groups of compounds with the chemical formulas of C H O i k l and C H O N . i k l m They had a ratio of (12–33):1 and were, apparently, the most significant aromatic substances. The main class of identified compounds was carboxylic acid esters, accounting for 76.61–81.60% of the total substances. We established a correlation between the aroma intensity and the concentration of chlorine-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds (except amines, amides, nitriles, and hydrazides) in the gas phase. The results did not confirm our hypothesis about the influence of the casing type and its permeability on the development of oxidative processes in the production of cooked smoked sausages. The practical significance of the study lies in creating a database of over 200 aromatic compounds that allows for a deeper understanding of aroma formation processes in cooked smoked sausages. The database can be used to exert a purposeful technological influence on the quality indicators and create various flavour compositions to adjust the sensory properties of the product.
Immobilisation of bifidobacteria in biodegradable food-grade microparticles
Authors: Voblikova Tatyana , Mannino Saverio , Barybina Lyudmila , Sadovoy Vladimir , Permyakov Anatoly , Ivanov Vyacheslav , Selimov Magomed
Published: June 2019

The present research features a natural polymer that can be used for immobilisation of bifidobacteria as well as a method of immobilisation. We described a modified method of microencapsulation of probiotics using sodi- um alginate. The experiment studied the effect of encapsulation on probiotic stability and involved an in vitro model of human digestive tract. The test sample of microencapsulated Bifi obacterium bifi um 791 showed a decrease in the activity from 3.0×107 to 2.2×105 CFU/ml in a mouse model with pH 1.2. By contrast, the control sample, unprotected by biodegradable polymer microcapsules, demonstrated a higher death rate of bifidobacteria: from 2.6×108 CFU/ml to 5.0×103 CFU/ml. The control sample demonstrated the same downward trend in in vitro gastrointestinal models with pH values of 4.5, 6.8, 7.2, and 5.8. Because the total plate count fell down to 4.0l g CFU/ml in acidity gradients, the titres of the initial microencapsulated biomass had to be increased up to > 109 CFU/ml. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy, the new type of microcapsules obtained by using a resistant starch had a closed sur- face. Prebiotics increased the resistance of bacteria to low pH and bile salts. Bifidobacteria encapsulated with natural biodegradable polymers proved to be well-tolerated and harmless for mice. The experiment revealed that biodegrad- able polymer microcapsules did not cause any chronic or acute toxicity when administered orally at 2×107 CFU per 1 gram of animal mass. The microcapsules demonstrated neither dermonecrotic properties nor any irritant effect on the ocular mucosa and, thus, can be used for food enforcement.
Annexins Bend Wound Edges during Plasma Membrane Repair
Authors: Simonsen Adam Cohen , Boye Theresa Louise , Nylandsted Jesper
Published: June 2019

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells defines the boundary to the extracellular environment and, thus provides essential protection from the surroundings. Consequently, disruptions to the cell membrane triggered by excessive mechanical or biochemical stresses pose fatal threats to cells, which they need to cope with to survive. Eukaryotic cells cope with these threats by activating their plasma membrane repair system, which is shared by other cellular functions, and includes mechanisms to remove damaged membrane by internalization (endocytosis), shedding, reorganization of cytoskeleton and membrane fusion events to reseal the membrane. Members of the annexin protein family, which are characterized by their Ca2+-dependent binding to anionic phospholipids, are important regulators of plasma membrane repair. Recent studies based on cellular and biophysical membrane models show that they have more distinct functions in the repair response than previously assumed by regulating membrane curvature and excision of damaged membrane. In cells, plasma membrane injury and flux of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm trigger recruitment of annexins including annexin A4 and A6 to the membrane wound edges. Here, they induce curvature and constriction force, which help pull the wound edges together for eventual fusion. Cancer cells are dependent on efficient plasma membrane repair to counteract frequent stress-induced membrane injuries, which opens novel avenues to target cancer cells through their membrane repair system. Here, we discuss mechanisms of single cell wound healing implicating annexin proteins and membrane curvature.
Risk of ESKD in Older Live Kidney Donors with Hypertension
Authors: Al Ammary Fawaz , Luo Xun , Muzaale Abimereki D. , Massie Allan B. , Crews Deidra C. , Waldram Madeleine M. , Qadi Mohamud A. , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline , Henderson Macey L. , Brennan Daniel C. , Wiseman Alexander C. , Lindrooth Richard C. , Snyder Jon J. , Coresh Josef , Segev Dorry L.
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives

Hypertension in older kidney donor candidates is viewed as safe. However, hypertension guidelines have evolved and long-term outcomes have not been explored. We sought to quantify the 15-year risk of ESKD and mortality in older donors (≥50 years old) with versus those without hypertension.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A United States cohort of 24,533 older donors from 1999 to 2016, including 2265 with predonation hypertension, were linked to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data and the Social Security Death Master File to ascertain ESKD development and mortality. The exposure of interest was predonation hypertension. From 2004 to 2016, hypertension was defined as documented predonation use of antihypertensive therapy, regardless of systolic BP or diastolic BP; from 1999 to 2003, when there was no documentation of antihypertensive therapy, hypertension was defined as predonation systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg.

Results

Older donors were 82% white, 6% black, 7% Hispanic, and 3% Asian. The median follow-up was 7.1 years (interquartile range, 3.4–11.1; maximum, 18). There were 24 ESKD and 252 death events during the study period. The 15-year risk of ESKD was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.4 to 1.6) for donors with hypertension (mean systolic BP, 138 mm Hg) versus 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.4) for donors without hypertension (mean systolic BP, 123 mm Hg; adjusted hazard ratio, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.28 to 7.22; P=0.01). When predonation antihypertensive therapy was available, the risk of ESKD was 6.21-fold higher (95% CI, 1.20 to 32.17; P=0.03) for donors using antihypertensive therapy (mean systolic BP, 132 mm Hg) versus those not using antihypertensive therapy (mean systolic BP, 124 mm Hg). There was no significant association between donor hypertension and 15-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.66; P=0.34).

Conclusions

Compared with older donors without hypertension, older donors with hypertension had higher risk of ESKD, but not mortality, for 15 years postdonation. However, the absolute risk of ESKD was small.
AVOIDING MURPHY'S LAW ON DETECTING METEORS
Authors: Castellón A. , Castro-Tirado A. J.
Published: June 2019

It is known that when a meteoroid has been imaged by two or more stations, its atmospheric trajectory can be inferred. In addition to this, if the velocity of the meteor has been measured, then the magnitude, the photometric mass and its orbital elements can be computed. Hence, meteor detection networks have a large number of stations. Unfortunately, weak meteors are only imaged by the nearest station, since the brightness decreases with the square of the distance. On the other hand, Murphy’s law can act in the event of brilliant meteors and fireballs: “In a station it was cloudy. In another, the fireball was hidden under the horizon. A third was out of order due to an electrical power failure, and the other was under maintenance, etcetera.” Do not panic. In this work we present some methods to obtain information from a meteor seen from a single station, if it has been possible to associate it with a meteor shower. In this work, CCD images gathered by
the robotized networks of the Sociedad Malague˜na de Astronom´ıa (Aznar 2016) and the BOOTES-1 and -2 observatories have been used (Castro-Tirado et al. 2008).
REGISTROS DEL GRISÓN (Galictis vittata), NUTRIA DE RÍO NEOTROPICAL (Lontra longicaudis) Y CONEJO (Sylvilagus sp) EN LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA LA ENCRUCIJADA, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Julio C. , Ruiz-Gutiérrez Fernando , Vázquez-Arroyo Enrique , Chávez Cuauhtémoc
Published: June 2019

ResumenSe confirma mediante fototrampeo la presencia de grisón (Galictis vittata), nutria de río neotropical (Lontra longicaudis) y conejo (Sylvilagus sp) en la Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada (REBIEN), en el estado de Chiapas, México. La presencia de estas especies refleja la importancia de la REBIEN, considerada como la única área natural protegida en el estado de Chiapas que protege las especies de flora y fauna del sistema de humedales costeros, reafirmando la necesidad de continuar realizando inventarios biológicos en México.Palabras clave: cámaras trampa, carnivora, Chiapas, distribución, lagomorpha, La Encrucijada.AbstractThe presence of greater grison (Galictis vittata), neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) and cottontail (Sylvilagus sp) in La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve (ENBIRE), in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, is confirmed by camera trapping. The presence of these records reflects the importance of the ENBIRE, considered the only protected natural area in the Chiapas state that protects the species of flora and fauna of the coastal wetland system, reaffirming the need to continue conducting biological inventories in Mexico.Key words: camera-traps, carnivora, Chiapas, distribution, lagomorpha, La Encrucijada.
Perkembangan Bank Syariah Di Asia Tenggara: Sebuah Kajian Historis
Authors: Ghozali Mohammad , Azmi Muhammad Ulul , Nugroho Wahyu
Published: June 2019

The development of Islamic Banking in Southeast Asia is growing rapidly. Statistical data shows that Southeast Asia has become one of the centers for the development of the global Islamic finance industry. Literally, Indonesia and Malaysia is two countries in the region that have become dynamos for the development of the Islamic banking industry in ASEAN countries, this condition has encouraged other countries to be discussed in the development of the Islamic banking industry. The method of this paper is historical approach, which documentary methods in data collection techniques by analyzing documents that are relevant to the research topic. The conclusion of this study is that significant developments still occur in two countries, namely Malaysia and Indonesia, whereas in some countries such as Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines the development of Islamic banking is still minimal.