bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Method Validation of EVT201 and Metabolites (Ro461927 and Ro 18-5528) in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Afroze Aklima , Li Ding
Published: August 2023

A highly sensitive and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been created and validated for measuring the levels EVT201 and its two metabolites, Ro46-1927 and Ro18-5528, in human plasma. This method was then used to analyze plasma samples from healthy Chinese individuals had taken EVT201 capsules orally, aiming to study the drug's behavior in the body over time (pharmacokinetics). The inter precision was within 75.86%, 98.13%, 98.39%, for EVT201 and 81.11%, 92.18%, 92.42% for Ro46-1927 and 138.39% and 141.58%, for Ro18-5528. The LC-MS/MS method proved to be reliable and precise, making it suitable for investigating EVT201's pharmacokinetics. By applying the validated analytical method, the concentrations EVT201 and its metabolites in human plasma were determined. These data were undergone statistical analysis to assess how EVT201 was processed in the human body following oral administration. In summary, the study employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to develop and validate an analytical method for quantifying EVT201 and its metabolites in human plasma, ultimately facilitating the evaluation of EVT201's pharmacokinetics in humans.
Isolated Posterior Dislocation of the Radial Head in the Adult: An Injury not to be Missed
Authors: Souto Seixas Hugo Rui , Alfredo Figueiredo , Paulo Dourado
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Isolated radial head dislocation in the adult is a rare and frequently missed traumatic injury. It is most commonly seen in children as a radial head subluxation. It should be diagnosed and treated without delay to avoid long-term sequelae to the joint. Case Presentation: A 22-year-old male presented to the Emergency Department complaining of persistent pain in his right elbow after a fall one week before. He had been diagnosed with an elbow sprain and arrived to our hospital using an above-elbow cast placed. The radiological evaluation revealed a posterior dislocation of the radial head without associated fractures. The patient was submitted to closed reduction followed by a cast immobilization. The follow-up weeks later showed a full and painless elbow range of motion. Discussion: Isolated posterior dislocation of the radial head in the adult is an infrequent injury, with only a few cases described in the literature. Therefore, a delay in diagnosis of a traumatic radial head dislocation in the absence of a concurrent ulnar fracture may occur. The case presented illustrates how easily the injury can be missed in the first medical evaluation. It also shows how a timely closed reduction can reestablish the joint’s full range of motion. Delay in treatment usually requires open reduction and may result in a poor functional outcome. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is essential for the diagnosis of isolated posterior dislocation of the radial head. This clinical case demonstrated that early diagnosis and prompt treatment can successfully repair the injury and prevent functional disability of the elbow joint.
Radiological Features of Zoledronic Acid Therapy in Saudi Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Abbas Bassam Bin- , Jaser Al Hanouf Al , Saad Musaab Al , Shaalan Fawaz Al , Ghazi Rafah , Abbas Fahad Bin- , Shareef Faisal Al , Fares Abdullah Al , Sagheir Afaf Al
Published: August 2023

Background: The majority of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) cases have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and are usually caused by mutations in genes encoding type I collagen. Patients with OI may have blue sclerae, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and growth deficiency. Zoledronic acid is a third-generation bisphosphonate which was reported to inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, improve bone density, and reduce incidence of fractures. Aim: To describe the radiographic features of cyclic Zoledronic acid administration on the growing skeleton in children with OI and to report the efficacy of Zoledronic acid on bone mineral density. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the radiographs of 11 children treated with Zoledronic acid. The age of these children ranged from one to 13 years. Zoledronic acid was administrated intravenously at 6 months intervals at the Pediatric Endocrinology Day Medical Unit, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, and Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for 2 years. Results: During the course of treatment, a gradual increase in bone density was observed. The baseline mean lumbar BMDz score was -4.9SD + 1.3, which improved to a mean score of -2.7SD + 1.1, and a mean whole body BMDz score was -2SD +1.2 and improved to a mean score of -1.1SD + 1.3 by the end of therapy. Post treatment, there were multiple sclerotic metaphyseal bands seen in all children in the long bones paralleling to the growth plates and corresponding to the number of treatment cycles. Conclusion: Intravenous Zoledronic acid in children with osteogenesis imperfecta improved the bone mineral density and resulted in permanent sclerotic metaphyseal bands.
Spectrum of Clinical Presentations and Surgical Management of Tuberculous Small Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Biplab Dhananjoy Dey , Hasan Ahmed Sami-Al- , Bose Anindita , Biswas Arup Kumar , Golap Halder Kumar , Habib Muntasir , Islam Rashedul , Paul Subrata
Published: August 2023

Background: The causes of acute Intestinal Obstruction vary demographically. In the developing world, tuberculosis account for more than half of all cases of small bowel obstruction. Tuberculosis is a major health burden in developing countries. It can result some medical as well as surgical emergencies. Among the surgical emergencies, small gut obstruction is the burning issue. It can show wide spectrum of presentations. Objective: To find out spectrum of clinical presentations and surgical management of tuberculous small intestinal obstruction. Methods: It was a cross- sectional study conducted in the Department of Surgery, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital from July 2015 to December 2015. A total of 100 patients were selected by purposive sampling methods. The detail history and clinical examination findings were recorded including patient’s demographic profile and clinical as well as investigation findings. Preoperative findings and post-operative complications were also observed and recorded. Results: According to the result analysis, maximum patients were young adult and the highest patients (54%) came from 21-30 year’s age group followed by 31-40 year’s age group (18%). Among the respondents, 62% were male and 38% were female patients. The male to female ratio was 1.63:1. The results of clinical presentations revealed that all (100%) patients presented with abdominal pain followed by abdominal distension (78%) as small gut obstruction was mostly prevalent. Besides, constitutional features like weight loss and low grade and evening rise of temperature were present in almost all tuberculous patients. Operative findings revealed that single/multiple small bowel stricture in 80% patients followed by bands and adhesion in 14% patients. Strictures as well as perforation were present in case of 11% patients. Maximum operative procedures performed right hemicolectomy with ileo- transverse anastomosis (58%) followed by segmental bowel resection with end ........
Outcome of Percutaneus K Wire Fixation for Paediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fracture
Authors: Debnath Debdulal , Haq Md. Reazul , Islam S M Jihadul , Islam Tanjimul
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Elbow joint is the most common part of upper limb involved in pediatric fractures and 85% of which occur in the distal humerus. In distal humeral fractures, supracondylar humeral fractures are very difficult to treat in the pediatric population.-3Frequently, the mechanism of injury is direct or indirect traumas like falls ,on out stretched hand .This type of fracture requires instant diagnosis and proper management, because any undue delay may complicate the condition and treatment. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Orthopaedics Surgery in Dhaka Orthopaedics Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December, 2019. The Ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the ethics committee of the hospital. A written informed consent was obtained from all the patients (by their parents) and a total of, 18 children aged (5-15) years ,with Grade II and III closed supracondylar fractures of humerus were included in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version-23.0. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the results of the follow up, where p<0.05 considered as the level of significance. Results: A total of 18 children were enrolled in this study. According to sex distribution, 12(67%) children were male and 6(33%) children were female. According to age distribution, 12(67%) children were aged (5-10) years and 6(33%) children were aged (11-15) years. The mean age of the children was 9.16 years. The mode age was 7 years and the median age was 9 years. According to fracture classification, 12 (67%) had Gartland class II and 6(33%) children had Gartland class III. According to mechanism of injury distribution,10(55%) children fall while playing, and followed by 5(28%) fall from the height, 2(11%) children met road traffic accident and 1(6%) children had blunt trauma. On an average, the children aged (5-10) years started .......
Comparison of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Impact between Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists and Orchidectomy for Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Metastatic Carcinoma Prostate
Authors: Mazumdar Rajib Kumar , Parvez Md. Masud , Hossain Arafat , Chakma Tutul , Islam Md. Ashraful , Rabbi Munshi Muhammad Fazle
Published: August 2023

Background: Metastatic prostate cancer is a global health challenge and requires a balanced approach to preserve the quality of life and extend survival. Current treatment is to offer monotherapy either orchidectomy or GnRH agonists or antagonists to hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer patients. Androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and osteoporosis. Objectives: This study was done to compare the metabolic and cardiovascular impact of GnRH agonist and orchidectomy for androgendeprivation therapy in metastatic carcinoma prostate. Methods: This Quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period from July 2019 to December 2020. A total of 28 patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer were included in the study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. After counselling, patients were allocated to orchidectomy (Group- A) or GnRH agonist (group-B) as per the patient’s choice. After undergoing orchidectomy or receiving GnRH agonists, patients were advised to follow up at 1, 3 and 6 months. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Result: The mean age of patients in group-A was 66.55(range 58-74) years and in group B was67.8 (62-73) years. There was a significant increase in RBS, triglyceride and a decrease in HDL and bone mineral density at 6 months of group B compared to Group-A. After 6 months, 9.09% of patients in group-A compared to 26.6% of patients in group B had RBS above 11.1 mmol/L. In group-A, 45.45% of patients had triglyceride levels>150 mg/dL compared to 80% in group B. HDL level decreased <40 mg/dL in 45.45% of patients in group-A but 60% in group B. Bone mineral density decreased below -2.5 in 9.09% of patients in group- A compared to 46.66% in group B. Mean S.PSA was around 2 ng/ml in both groups during the follow-up period. The cardiovascular and metabolic impact of orchidectomy was less compared to GnRH agonists. .......
Early Outcomes of Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy for 3RD Degree Haemorrhoids in Diabetic Patient
Authors: Rozario Agatha Prianka , Chowdhury Shahrzaad , Asif Md. Naheen Rezuan Shehran , Biswas Joyanto , Shorna Shanjida Rahman , Haque Md. Ezharul
Published: August 2023

Background: Stapled haemorrhoidopexy is a newer modality representing a paradigm change in the treatment of haemorrhoids with better short-term outcomes, shorter operating times and less post-operative pain. Though short- term effects of stapled haemorrhoidopexy are well documented in general haemorrhoid patients, but till date, no study focused the outcome of diabetic patients. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to determine the short-term outcome of stapled haemorrhoidopexy in diabetic patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Surgery in BIRDEM General Hospital, for one year of period following approval of this protocol. A total of 30 patients with diabetes mellitus and 3rd degree haemorrhoid was enrolled in this study. Written informed consent was ensured from each of the participants. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination were carried out in each patient. All patient underwent stapled haemorrhoidoplexy. Follow up was taken at 24 hours of operation, 14th POD, after 1 month, after 3 months and after 6 months. All information was recorded in separate case record form. After collection of all the required data, analysis was done by SPSS 23.0. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 45.53±3.91 (SD) years with a majority in 40-49 years of age. About 70% of the study population were male and 30% were female. Post-operative mean VAS score was 1.83±1.05 (SD) after 24 hours of operation and 0.60±0.89 after 2 weeks. About 66.7% patients experienced single episode of per-rectal bleeding after 24 hours of surgery, 20.7% had 2 episodes and 6.7% had 3 episodes. Mean hospital stay duration was 1.17±0.46 (SD) days. Average usual daily resumption of all patients was 6.90±2.37 (SD) days. Conclusion: The average age of the studied patients was 45 years with clear male predominance. short operative time, less post-operative pain, quicker return from hospital and early return to their normal activity was
Intestinal Obstruction after Cesarean Delivery: Consider Cecal Volvulus: A Case Report
Authors: Benour Omar , Mouden Mohamed Al Amine EL , Barchid Anas , Fadil Walid , Aymane Jbilou Aymane Jbilou , Ahallat Anas , Aggouri Younes , Aitlaalim Said
Published: August 2023

Cecal volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. It is diagnosed after the realization of an abdominal CT scan in front of an intestinal obstruction syndrome. The reference treatment is surgery. We present a case of a young patient with intestinal obstruction on a cecal volvulus. A surgical exploration showed a caecum bascule without signs of complication. A right hemicolectomy was performed.
Guidewire Loss during Central Venous Catheterization in a Patient without Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Choi Hyo Gyun , Kim Myoung Hun
Published: August 2023

Central venous catheterization is routinely performed in operating rooms, emergency departments, and intensive care units. The Seldinger technique, a comparatively safe method, is frequently utilized in such procedure. Nonetheless, this method has inherent risks; hence, it should be cautiously applied. Although complications related to guidewire utilization are rare, they can have important side effects. Herein, we describe a case of guidewire loss during central venous catheterization in a patient without symptom. Further, the causes of guidewire non-removal during central venous catheterization and preventive strategies were investigated.
Surgical Treatment of Haglund's Disease: About 9 Cases
Authors: M Abakka , Y Baidriss , H El Ouagari , MJ Mekkaoui , M Bouffetal , RA Bassir , M Kharmaze , MO Lamrani , MS Berrada
Published: August 2023

Haglund's disease is a rare disease of the hindfoot, linked to a morphological anomaly of the calcaneus postero-superior tuberosity, causing pre and retro-Achilles bursitis and insertional tendinopathy. The purpose of our work is to analyze the functional results according to long-term resections of the posterosuperior tuberosity of the calcaneus, specifying the radio-clinical and therapeutic aspects of this pathology. Our study is a retrospective study of nine cases of Haglund's disease operated in the Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology at the Ibn Sina hospital in Rabat, between 2019 and 2023, correlated with a simple literature review. The average age of our patients was 41 years old with a male predominance. All our patients showed painful retrocalcaneal swelling. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiological explorations (standard radiography and MRI). After failure of medical treatment, surgery consisted in an open resection of the postero-superior tuberosity of the calcaneus. The evolution was favorable in 92% of cases. Complications were rare. Haglund's disease is a pathology often underestimated, we must think about it before all Achilles insertion tendinopathy. Resection of the tuberosity is a simple technique, with undeniable effectiveness, and which is considered the best treatment.
Calcaneus Fractures: How to Manage Them?
Authors: M Abakka , H El Ouagari , Y Baidriss , MJ Mekkaoui , M Bouffetal , RA Bassir , M Kharmaze , MO Lamrani , MS Berrada
Published: August 2023

Calcaneus fractures represent 1% to 2% of all fractures. They mainly affect young men (40 years old). They are divided into two subgroups: thalamic fractures, affecting the subtalar joint (75% of cases), and extrathalamic fractures, affecting the greater tuberosity, the anterior process or the internal process (25% of cases). Their diagnosis, suspected clinically, is affirmed by radiology or by computed tomography, which sometimes guides our therapeutic choices. The goal of treatment is to prevent the long-term complications of subtalar osteoarthritis and extra-articular malunion of displaced fractures, avoiding scarring and skin problems. The localization of the fracture and the importance of its displacement make it possible to make the choice between a surgical treatment or not. Orthopedic treatments are aimed at fractures with little or no displacement, or when surgery is contraindicated, bearing in mind that a calcaneal (extra-articular) malunion leads to serious sequelae, and that a malunion thalamic (articular) almost constantly leads to very poorly tolerated subtalar osteoarthritis. In the sequel stage, the only treatment for symptomatic subtalar osteoarthritis is talocalcaneal arthrodesis.
The Unfortunate Triad of the Elbow: About 5 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: M Abakka , ME Mhadder , B Lamrabtene , MJ Mekkaoui , M Bouffetal , RA Bassir , M, Kharmaze , MO Lamrani , MS Berrada
Published: August 2023

The unfortunate elbow triad is a severe trauma involving posterior elbow dislocation, fracture of the radial head and coronoid process. Its management is not codified in the literature. We report a retrospective series of 5 patients treated at the Traumato-Orthopedics department of the CHU Ibn Sina in Rabat, over a period of 7 months from May 2021 to December 2021, the objective being to carry out a diagnostic and therapeutic analysis. Both patients had a stable but nevertheless very painful elbow. The unfortunate elbow triad leads to bone and ligament damage threatening short- and long-term elbow stability, with a high rate of complications and random outcomes. Only the restoration of the integrity of the elbow by repairing all the structures, using a standardized surgical protocol allows good functional results.
Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Bone Metastases: Experience of the Orthopedic and Traumatological Surgery Department of the Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat
Authors: Abakka M. , Baidriss Y. , Ouagari H. El , Mekkaoui MJ. , Bouffetal M. , Bassir, RA. , Kharmaze M. , Lamrani MO. , Berrada MS.
Published: August 2023

The occurrence of a bone metastasis marks a turning point in the evolution of a cancer patient. Except for a very particular primary cancer, the chances of definitive cure have practically disappeared and the treatment is therefore essentially oriented towards the patient's quality of life. This highlights the need for close medical and paramedical collaboration, each of the specialists being at the service of the other to increase the effectiveness of the treatment and limit its heaviness for the patient as much as possible. We mainly detail the surgical strategies and combinations of techniques likely to meet the patient's needs, without going back over the basic techniques, but specifying the specificities of the gestures according to the location of the damage.
Surgical Removal of an Extravascular Knotted J-Tip Guidewire During Subclavian Central Venous Catheterization- A Case Report
Authors: Park Seongmin , Cho Seung Bae , Lee Jeonghan
Published: August 2023

Guidewire-related complications during central venous catheterization are relatively uncommon. However, they can still occur even with experienced physicians. This report presents a case of an extravascular knotted guidewire during central venous catheterization that required surgical removal. A 72-year-old male patient scheduled for cervical anterior interbody fusion surgery underwent left subclavian venous catheterization one day before the surgery. The J-tip guidewire was inserted through the introducer needle easily without any resistance. During the insertion of the catheter over the guidewire, the catheter did not advance more than 3 cm from the skin. The guidewire was kinked, which was further aggravated by attempts to remove it forcefully, leading to a knot formation that required surgical removal. The patient was discharged one week after the surgery without any additional complications. Safe removal of guidewires is of utmost importance, and preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of complications.
Acute Physiological Effects of Drop Set on IGF and GH in the Quadriceps Femoris Among Males in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Namango Robert Ouma , Magak Ng’wena Gideon , Onyango Kennedy
Published: August 2023

Background: Resistance training (RT) for muscle growth (hypertrophy training – HT) theoretically optimizes the mechanical tension placed on the working muscle, which may be key to activating hypertrophic mechanisms. After prolonged HT, specialized weightlifting techniques like drop set training (DS) – or lifting progressively reduced loads without recovery – may help overcome plateaus in strength and re-stimulate hypertrophy, but physiological evidence to potentially support this hypothesis or the efficacy of implementing an acute drop set protocol in comparison to maintaining a standard hypertrophy training program is lacking. Objective: This objective of this study was to assess the levels of plasma growth hormone, and IGF during drop set and concentric exercises. Methods: The study used a randomized controlled, counterbalanced, repeated measures design. A repeated measures design was used to minimize the inter-individual variability of the hypertrophic response to resistance training. Thirty young males participated in a randomized, counterbalanced, within-subjects design, a DS protocol (4 sets, 4 loads/set, 75-30% 1RM, minimal recovery between loads, 3-minute recovery intervals between sets) and, separated by at least 7 days, a HT protocol (4 sets, 75% 1RM, 3-minute recovery intervals between sets). Data was analyzed using a 2 (Training Type: DS, HT, levels of quadriceps muscle hypertrophy) ´ 2 (Time: pre-exercise, post-exercise) repeated measures ANOVA to test the differences in concentrations of IGF-1 and GH during DS and HT at the specified time points. Results: The study found that there was a significant difference in IGF 1 levels before and after the exercise for both groups (Drop set and concentric exercise), with a p-value of .007. The interaction effect between the within-subjects factor (IGF 1 pre and post) and group was also significant. The results showed that there was a significant difference in GH levels before and after the exercise for both groups (Drop set and concentric exercise), with a p-value of < .001. For the Drop set group, GH pre was also significantly lower than GH post. It can be concluded that both the drop set and concentric exercise techniques have an impact on the levels of IGF 1, and GH in the quadriceps femoris. The study recommends that physical trainers and fitness professionals should consider using the Drop set exercise technique in their training programs for clients who are looking to improve their performance.
Collateral Artery from the 1st Part of the Axillary Artery: A Case Report
Authors: Srinivasan Jayasree , N Rajasekhar S.S.S. , V Dinesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

During radiological studies and surgeries, the branch architecture of the Axillary artery (AA) is crucial. Variations can complicate the interpretation of radiological data and cause unanticipated surgical complications. In the present situation, an uncommon collateral artery arose from the 1st part of the AA and gave rise to the lateral thoracic artery (LTA) and subscapular artery (SSA) before becoming the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA). The SSA additionally gave rise to the thoracodorsal (TDA) and circumflex scapular arteries (CSA). For safe and effective surgical treatments and to prevent technical failures during catheterization and interventional procedures, it is essential to be aware of these anatomical differences.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of Chicken Manure Pyrolysis for Sustainable Waste Management in the Poultry Industry
Authors: Zikhali Victor Ntandoyenkosi , Mpofu Clever , Nyama Dorcas , Nyoni Bothwell , Mushonga Knowledge
Published: August 2023

This study explores the kinetics of the pyrolysis process applied to chicken manure as an environmentally sustainable waste management technique within the poultry industry. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion method, involves the decomposition of organic materials in the absence of oxygen, yielding biochar, gases, and bio-oil. Experimental runs were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor, varying reactor temperature and heating rate settings. Pyrolytic conversion was determined by weighing the reactor contents before and after each run, allowing for the construction of pyrolytic conversion curves. Through the application of the Coats-Redfern method, the pyrolysis kinetics was determined. It was found that a second-order kinetics model exhibited better agreement with the experimental data than a first-order model, yielding coefficient of determination (R2) values ranging from 0.99 to 1.00, compared to 0.94 to 0.97 for the first-order model. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was estimated to fall within the range of 140.4 to 151.2 kJ/mol. Additionally, the pre-exponential factors (A) were found to be significantly high, on the order of 1010 min-1, suggesting a low pyrolytic reactivity. The calculated enthalpy of reaction (ΔH) ranged from 134.1 to 145 kJ/mol. Importantly, the energy barrier, represented by the difference between activation energy (Ea) and enthalpy of reaction (ΔH), was determined to be low at 7 kJ/mol. These findings indicate the potential for efficiently and sustainably valorizing chicken waste through pyrolysis. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into the kinetics and thermodynamics of chicken manure pyrolysis, supporting its adoption as an energy-efficient and environmentally sound waste management strategy within the poultry industry.
أثار الفساد الاداري
Authors: حامد هادي عبدالله أل عمر حامد هادي عبدالله أل عمر
Published: August 2023

إن الفساد ظاهرة عالمية تتعرض لها جميع الدول وعلى مختلف العصور فهي ظاهرة خطيرة من ظواهر السلوك الإنساني التي اقلقت المجتمعات البشرية والحكومية منذ القدم لأنه أصبح وباء يهدد هذه المجتمعات بالاكتساح وعلى نطاق واسع بل هو آفة ذات جذور عميقة تأخذ ابعاداً سياسية واقتصادية واجتماعية وتتداخل فيها عوامل عديدة ويظهر في المجتمعات كافة ولكن بدرجات متفاوتة تختلف من مكان إلى آخر حسب درجة الوعي الديني والاخلاقي ومدى تطبيق الدولة لوسائل الحد من هذه الظاهرة. إن الكثير من المجتمعات قد جاهدة في سبيل التخلص من هذه الآفة المجتمعية التي تعيق التطور و السلام لتلك المجتمعات، كما ان تفشي ظاهرة الفساد المالي والإداري في كل مؤسسات الدولة وعدم وجود رادع حقيقي يقف حائلاً للحد من انتشارها يؤدي إلى أن تتحول الموارد والإمكانات من المصلحة العامة إلى المصلحة الشخصية أو مصلحة فئة قليلة وهي بيدها السلطة أو الثروة اوالاثنين معآ و التي من المفترض أن تكون ملكاً للجميع مما ينعكس على امن وسلامة المجتمع ومستقبل الدولة الاقتصادي والسياسي ويخلف أثاراً سيئة ضارة تعيق نمو الدولة وتكاملها و جرائم الفساد الاداري في عالمنا اليوم تشكل خطراً كبيراً على كل الأصعدة السياسية و الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وكذلك على المستوى الوطني والدولي ومن أجل مكافحتها والقضاء عليها و الحد من انتشارها على أقل تقدير شرعت الأمم المتحدة اتفاقية مكافحة الفساد في العام (2003) التي وقعت عليها غالبية دول العالم و ضمنت في نصوصها آليات معالجة جرائم الفساد الإداري والمالي وكيفية التعامل معها بالعمل على منع جرائم الفساد بانواعها والتحري عنها ويعتبر الفساد بأنواعه المختلفة ومنها الفساد الاداري من أخطر الآفات التي لازمت الحياة الإنسانية بما يتضمنه من تجاوز حدود النطاق القانوني للسلطة وإساءة استخدامها ويحدث الفساد الاداري نتيجة الانحراف عن تأدية الواجبات الوظيفية الرسمية بفعل تأثيرات مادية او غير مادية حيث تتحول الوظيفة من كونها تكليفاً قانونياً وأمانة وطنية مقدسة إلى سلعة يتم المتاجرة بها بيعاً وشراء بممارسة مختلف الاساليب الفاسدة وتحقيق مكاسب ذاتية وشخصية من خلال أساءة استخدام السلطة المخولة وتحقيق المنافع المادية حيث يقوم الموظف بشكل مباشر او غير مباشر على التأثير غير المشروع وغير القانوني على صاحب الحاجة بدفع ما يسمى هدية بشكل غير قانوني من أجل آداء أو الامتناع عن أداء الإجراءات الرسمية فهو ظاهرة من ظواهر السلوك الانساني التي اتفقت الشرائع السماوية والقوانين الوضعية على تجريمه.
الاسباب والاثار المترتبة على تخفيف العقوبة لعذر قانوني في القانون العراقي
Authors: حامد شنته شغيت الجابري حامد شنته شغيت الجابري
Published: August 2023

ان الجريمة وجدت منذ القدم وكان ظلها الذي لم يفارقها هو العقوبة التي استخدمتها المجتمعات البشرية وعلى مختلف تطورها الحضاري كأداة لمكافحتها وقد استمر استخدامها على مدى أجيال عديدة كانتقام من الجاني حتى انها بلغت مستوى من القسوة والشدة والوحشية مما دفع الكثير من المفكرين الاجتماعيين ومنهم المفكرين الجنائيين بصورة خاصة إلى المناداة للحد من هذه القسوة والشدة من ناحية وجعلها من ناحية أخرى وسيلة لاقتلاع القيم الفاسدة من شخصية الجاني الذي انزلق إلى هاوية الجريمة نتيجة عوامل متعددة وغرس القيم الصالحة بدلاً منها لإعادته إلى حظيرة مجتمعه كعضو نافع فيه وقد وجد ذلك ضالته في نظام الأعذار القانونية المخففة الذي أنبثق نتيجة لتطور المجتمعات الإنسانية في سلم الحضارة فقد تطورت وظيفة تلك الأعذار بحيث أصبحت من الوسائل الهامة في التفريد القضائي للجزاء الجنائي بحيث تحقق الانسجام بين النصوص القانونية المجردة وواقع الحياة المتطور مما جعل العقوبة متناسبة مع جسامة الجريمة وظروفها وظروف المجرم بالإضافة إلى التخفيف من شدة وقسوة العقوبة . وبناءاً على ذلك فان القوانين العقابية اخذت تنص على الاعذار القانونية المخففة ومن تلك القوانين قانون العقوبات العراقي رقم 111 لسنة 1969 حيث نظم احكامها في المواد من (١٢٨/129/130/131) . وبناءاً على تلك الاعتبارات نجد أن دراسة الموضوعات الخاصة بالمسؤولية الجزائية وما يتعلق بها من عقوبات وما تطرأ على المسؤولية من اسباب لتخفيفها من الموضوعات المهمة التي يستند اليها القاضي في المحاكم الجزائية في احكامه حيث ان قانون العقوبات العراقي اعطى القاضي في تلك المحاكم سلطة تقدير العقوبة حيث حدد القانون حدین ادنی واعلى للعقوبات وبما ان لكل جريمة ظروفها وملابساتها ودوافعها فالقاضي عند فرض العقوبة يأخذ بنظر الاعتبار تلك الاعذار فقد قيل أنه ليس للقاضي ان يحكم بالعقوبة ذاتها على كل متهم يرتكب جريمة مماثلة للجريمة التي يرتكبها متهم آخر فان الجرائم وان تشابهت بأركانها الا ان لكل جريمة ظروفها الخاصة ومن هذه الامور التي تحيط بالجريمة والمجرم وتؤدي الى إنقاص العقوبة دون حدها الادنى هي الاعذار القانونية المخففة والتي هي على نوعين عامة وخاصة والتي نص القانون على الأخذ بها عند تحققها في الواقعة المنظورة من قبل المحكمة .
Application of Panchakarma Modalities in the Treatment of Shiro Roga: A Review
Authors: Patidar Minakshi , Sharma Gunjan , Prasad Renu , Yadav Yadevendra , Prasad Shishir
Published: August 2023

Panchakarma is unique and super specialized therapy in the Ayurveda. It is very particular and result oriented natural therapy of body purification. Panchakarma includes five natural methods of Purification or elimination viz, Vaman, Virechan, Basti, Nasya and Raktamokshana. Panchakarma therapy has promotive, preventive and curative approach towards curing various disorders in Shalakya Tantra. Shalakya Tantra is one of the important aspects of the Ayurveda which deals with the treatment of disease associated with body parts above the neck i.e.,Netra (eye), Karna (ear), Nasika (nose), Kantha (throat), Aushtha (lips), Danta (teeth), Dantamoola (root of teeth), Jihwa (tongue), Taalu (palate), Kantha (throat), Sarvasar (mouth) and Shira or Kapala (head). Four out of five sense organs are included in Shalakya Tantra, so it is very important to protect them from diseases and also maintain their proper functioning. Administration of drugs by the Nasal route is termed as Nasya. Panchakarma is the most essential part of Ayurveda treatments. For administration of medicine, different routes are used in Ayurveda, but to reach the “Shira” (Head) it is difficult with other routes, there by the “Nasya” Karma was developed. Nasya Procedure is to eliminate vitiated Kapha Dosha associated Pitta disorders or diseases originating or settled in the place of Kapha.
Role of Panchkarma in Shalakya Tantra: A Literary Review
Authors: Patidar Minakshi , Sharma Gunjan , Yadav Yadevendra
Published: August 2023

The main aim and objective of Ayurved is “Swasthyasya Swasthya Rakshnam” “Aaturasya Vikara Prasamanam” Which means maintaining the health of a healthy person, prevention of disease and curing the disease of ailing person. The Shalakyatantra, a part of Astanga Ayurved, deals with the disease above throat. It includes the disease and treatment of Netra, Karna, Nasa, Kantha, Mukha, Danta and Siro-Kapala Gata Roga. Sansamana (conservative), Samsodhana (Panchakarma) and the Shastra chikitsa (surgical procedures) are the essential treatment modalities followed to treat a disease. Panchakarma is a branch of Ayurveda, meant for the removal of vitiated Dosha, Mala or toxic part of body and balances Dosha-Dushya through, Vamana, Virechana, Nashya, Basti, Rakta Mokshana etc. In the disease like Abhisyanda, Adhimantha, Timira, Danta Nadi, Upakusha and Dusthapratishyaya, most of the Panchakarma therapies are indicated according to their severity of the disease. In practice the patient, who undergoes Panchakarma or Sodhana Chikitsa shows better result than the patient treated without Sodhanakarma. it is the process, which gets the root cause of the problem, and correct the essential balance of Tridosha in the body. Therefore, increasing and mainstreaming the Panchakarma procedure in Shalakya Tantra will definitely provide an effective and satisfactory outcome in Urdhwajatrugata disorders. Now a days ENT & Ophthalmic diseases are major concerned because patient could not want to go for surgical procedure. Looking towards Ayurved, there are lot of Panchakarma Procedures are advocated for this disorders.
Evaluating the Curriculum of Economic Management to Meet the Development Requirements at National Academy of Public Administration
Authors: Le Co Huy
Published: August 2023

Evaluating the content of the curriculum of economic management in order to serve the adjustment and development of curriculum, renewing the training in the field of Economic Management is one of the key tasks in the development strategy of the National Academy of Public Administration in the period of 2023-2030. In recent years, the economic management industry is one of the industries with a high degree of attracting human resources. The curriculum of Economic Management has been introduced into the organization to teach for 3 courses, has undergone 2 major training program development times from the annual training program to the academic program according to the credit studying curriculum. Through the process of organizing and implementing the curriculum, it will show positive results, besides, it will also show negative and limited results. The assessment of the current status of the Economic Management curriculum will be an important basis in the adjustment and development the curriculum of the Faculty of Economic Management and the University in the coming time.
Exploring the Interdependent Relationship between Education and Health in Spain: The Benefits of Investing in Both Fields for Society's Well-Being
Authors: Suryono Imam
Published: August 2023

We have conducted a research study that covers the period from 2000 to 2020, with the aim of constructing "autoregressive vectors" to investigate the interconnections between Education and Health in Spain. The purpose is to comprehend the advantages of investing in both fields for the betterment of society. Our team obtained data from the World Bank and conducted an analysis to examine the relationship between Education and Health in Spain. Our conclusions indicate that Education and Health are two critical factors that significantly impact the overall prosperity of society in Spain. Education has a strong impact on health as it enhances individuals' knowledge and understanding about health and wellness. On the other hand, health is essential for maintaining stability in education, as a healthy person is able to focus and perform well academically. The two are mutually dependent and have a positive influence on each other. A healthy individual is more likely to pursue education and have better opportunities, while education can result in better health outcomes through increased awareness and access to healthcare. Therefore, investing in both fields is crucial for ensuring a stable and thriving society in Spain. The positive relationship between Education and Health highlights the significance of investing in both fields to attain a higher quality of life for the citizens of Spain. We discovered that Education and Health are positively related in Spain and access to quality education has a positive effect on health outcomes. Good health is also necessary for individuals to perform well academically and complete their education, creating a positive feedback loop between Education and Health.
Performance of Echo-Endoscopy in Dilatations of the Common Bile Duct without Visible Obstacle at Imaging
Authors: Tahiri H. , Salihoun M. , Serraj I. , Acharki M. , Kabbaj N.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The dilation of the bile ducts which the obstacle could not be visualized by conventional imaging, constitutes a daily challenge in our medical practice. This work aims to evaluate the frequency and the role of biliopancreatic echo-endoscopy in the etiological diagnosis of bile duct dilatation. Material and methods: This is a descriptive and monocentric retrospective study conducted within the department of 'Digestive Functional Explorations and Hepato-gastro-enterology' at the Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, from September 2015 to April 2023. It includes 115 patients admitted for dilation of the common bile duct with no visible obstacle to conventional imaging and who underwent a bilio-pancreatic echo-endoscopy. Results: Our study included 81 patients, whose mean age was 61.2 years with a clear female predominance. Echo-endoscopy confirmed the presence of bile duct dilation in 67% of cases. It established an etiological diagnosis in 82% of cases. Lithiasis of the common bile duct was found in 42,9% of cases, followed by cystic dilation in 12,9% of cases and chronic pancreatitis in 5.2% of cases. A pancreatic tumor has been revealed in 3,8% of cases as well as an ampulloma in 3,8% of cases. Conclusion: Our study, despite its limitations, highlight the role and performance of biliopancreatic echoendoscopy in the etiological diagnosis of bile duct dilatation without any visible obstacle to conventional imaging.
Acute Cholangitis: Etiological Profile and Management
Authors: Bacha H. El , Hajoubi Fatima Zahra El , Konso M. , Mechhor S. , Cherkaoui M. , Benzzoubeir N. , Errabih I.
Published: August 2023

Acute cholangitis is defined by an infection of the bile ducts due to an obstacle preventing bile flow. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Aim of the Study: Report epidemiological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary cholangitis. Materials: This is a descriptive prospective study, spanning a period from September 2020 to April 2023. Patients with acute cholangitis were included. Results: We collected 102 cases. The average age was 63 years old with a Sex ratio M/W: 1.37. 18 patients (17.6%) had a history of cholecystectomy. Abdominal ultrasound was sufficient to visualize the obstruction in 32 (32%) patients. The lithiasic origin was revealed in 54 (53%) cases, pancreatic head tumor in 16 (15.7%), cholangiocarcinoma in 17 (16.6%), ruptured hydatid cyst in the biliary tract in 7 (7%). 100 (98%) patients benefited from endoscopic treatment and 2 (2%) benefited from surgical treatment. Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 84 (84%) patients and sphincteroclasia in 9 (9%) patients. Extraction of the stones or hydatid membranes by balloon was performed in 55 (55%) cases. Mechanical lithotricy was necessary in 1 (1%) case. A biliary prosthesis was placed in 52 (52%) patients (Picture 3). The single-stage success rate was obtained in 91 (91%) cases, 8 patients (8%) required a second stage. The early complication rate after endoscopic managment was 10% (n=10) with a death rate of 5% (n=5). Conclusion: Acute cholangitis remains a severe condition requiring urgent treatment. The prognosis has clearly improved after the advent of interventional endoscopy giving satisfactory results. Our study had shown with a technical success rate of 92.7% and a general success rate of 95%.
The Clinical Status of Meningothelial Meningioma Patients
Authors: Afrin Syeda Sadia , Shaheen Nazma , Awal Naila , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Rashid Jubyda Shahnur , Sweety Rumana Afrin
Published: August 2023

Background: Understanding the clinical status of patients with meningothelial meningioma is crucial for accurate prognosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease progression. Numerous factors, including tumor characteristics, patient demographics, and histopathological features, contribute to the clinical status and overall management of these patients. Objective: To assess the clinical status of meningothelial meningioma patients. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College over a period of two years from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 60 Patient of any age group with histologically diagnosed meningiomas of the central nervous system were included as a sample population. During the collection of specimen, all relevant information were recorded systematically in a prepared proforma. All the cases were numbered chronologically and the same number was given to H&E as well as in immunohistochemically stained slides. Results: During the study, majority were belong to 51-60 years and 61-70 years age group, 26.7% and majority were female, 70%. It revealed that maximum lesions (86.7%) were at brain and 13.3% were at the spinal cord. It was observed that meningioma was widely distributed throughout the CNS. Majority of the lesions were at the parietal region (28.3%). 18.3% lesions were at frontal region. Plus, according to the tumor grade, It was observed that more than three fourth (80.5%) patients had grade I tumor, 17.8 % patients had grade II tumor and 1.7 % patients had grade III tumor. Moreover, that 55% cases were meningothelial meningioma and 8 (13.3%) patients had atypical meningioma. Conclusion: In our study, maximum patients had lesions were at brain which was widely distributed throughout the CNS. Plus, more than three fourth patients had grade I tumor where meningothelial meningioma was most common.
Risk Factors of Uterovaginal Prolapse
Authors: Afroj Romena , Akhter Nahreen , Afrin Walida , Hossain Faria Anjuman
Published: August 2023

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse refers to protrusions of the pelvic organs into or out of the vaginal canal. Vaginal prolapse can occur without uterine prolapse but uterus cannot descend without carrying the upper vagina with it. Therefore, genital prolapse is divided into two broad categories; one is uterine prolapse the other is vaginal prolapse. They are again divided into different subgroups. Objective: To find out risk factors that will help to reduce the incidence of uterovaginal prolapse. Method: It is a retrospective case control study conducted in the department of Obst & Gynae, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of October 2009 to June 2010. We included 50 uterovaginal prolapse women as a case and 50 reasonably healthy women as a control. Vault prolapse after abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, only cystocele, only rectocele, was excluded from study. Results: In this study, 62% women were 45-65 years of age and in control group this was 46%, P value was .001. In case group most of the women were multiparous, 84% were > 5, in control group this was 20%. P value was .001. Most of the patients had history of repeated childbirth, <3yrs, in control group it was >5yrs, p value is 0.001 which is highly sigficant. Most of the patients were coming from low socio-economic condition. In case group it was 56% and control group 34%, P value was 0.191. In this study, most of the patient had history of prolong labour (14.6%). Instrumental delivery 0.4% In case group, 80% patients showed easy vaginal delivery, 4.2% had obstructed labour. Almost 100% patients had history of something coming down per vagina. 42% complaining of frequency, 58% incomplete voiding, 10% retention of urine, 4% had stress incontinence, P value of incomplete voiding .001. 74% patients had history of constipation and 30% patients had history of difficulty in defecation. P value .001. 68% in case group complaining watery per vaginal discharge, 12% in control group. P Value .001. 22% in case group complaining of chronic cough, P value .001. 74% cases signifiquent history of heavy physical work. P value .001. 72% cases were 2nd degree uterine prolapse, 18% 1st degree and 10% 3rd degree prolapse. Conclusion: Early marriage, difficult childbirth, low socio-economic condition, poor nutrition status, delivery conducted by untrained dais, no rest in puerperium and complication of delivery are found to be recommended risk factors of utero-vaginal prolapse. In our socio-economic condition, it is need of ours to strengthen the existing maternal services at the basic level of community and build up the awareness to overcome & remove the risk factors of prolapse.
Preliminary Physiochemical and Phytochemical Profile of Leonotis nepetaefolia
Authors: Chaubey Neelesh , Jain Priyanka S.
Published: August 2023

Herbal medicine has many active constituents for many diseases but the proper knowledge must be necessary for the preparationof herbal formulation otherwise active constituents will be damaged. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) is recognized to be native to tropical Africa and southern India. In South Africa and the West Indies it is known as klip dagga, lion’s ear, Christmas, and candlesticks. Roots of the plant have been used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, fever, and poisoning whereas seeds are recognized in treating burns, and the whole plant is used for menstrual pains. Present investigation includes examination of morphological and microscopic characters; ash value, extractive values and phytochemical evaluations of various root extract. The purpose of research work to generated information of the standardization parameters of selected plant which helps in herbal formulations, a profound knowledge of the important herbs found in India and widely used in Ayurvedic formulation is of utmost importance.