bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ligand-anchored optical composite material for efficient vanadium(ii) adsorption and detection in wastewater
Authors: Shahat Ahmed , Hassan Hassan M. A. , El-Shahat M. F. , El Shahawy Osama , Awual Md. Rabiul
Published: May 2019

A ligand-anchored composite material was prepared for vanadium (V(ii)) ion capturing. The pH was found to be a key factor in both detection and removal operations. The composite material exhibited the high adsorption capacity of 492.61 mg g−1.
Catalytic synthesis of non-carbon fuel NH3 from easily available N2 and H2O over FeO(100) surface: study of reaction mechanism using the density functional theory
Authors: Song Xin , Sun Lina , Ning Ping , Wang Chi , Sun Xin , Li Kai , Fan Maohong
Published: May 2019

The existence of –OH groups changed the controlling step from the dissociation of N2 to the formation of –NH2.
Dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids: polyketide-derived axially chiral bioactive quateraryls
Authors: Lombe Blaise Kimbadi , Feineis Doris , Bringmann Gerhard
Published: May 2019

This is the first review on dimeric naphthylisoquinolines, a group of structurally intriguing, biosynthetically unique, and pharmacologically promising alkaloids.
Cationic copolymerization of isosorbide towards value-added poly(vinyl ethers)
Authors: Kieber Robert J. , Ozkardes Cuneyt , Sanchez Natalie , Kennemur Justin G.
Published: May 2019

Biomass-derived isosorbide (IS) was converted into a mono-glycal (i.e. vinyl ether) derivative (Gly-IS) to investigate its efficacy for cationic polymerization.
Correction: A review on fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles for optical sensing applications
Authors: Shore Andrew
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘A review on fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles for optical sensing applications’ by Sing Muk Ng et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 21624–21661.
Histone demethylase KDM6B regulates human podocyte differentiation in vitro
Authors: Guo Yanyan , Xiong Zuying , Guo Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2019

Podocytes are terminally differentiated and highly specialized glomerular cells, which have an essential role as a filtration barrier against proteinuria. Histone methylation has been shown to influence cell development, but its role in podocyte differentiation is less understood. In this study, we first examined the expression pattern of histone demethylase KDM6B at different times of cultured human podocytes in vitro. We found that the expression of KDM6B and podocyte differentiation markers WT1 and Nephrin are increased in the podocyte differentiation process. In cultured podocytes, KDM6B knockdown with siRNA impaired podocyte differentiation and led to expression down-regulation of WT1 and Nephrin. The treatment of podocytes with GSK-J4, a specific KDM6B inhibitor, can also obtain similar results. Overexpression of WT1 can rescue differentiated phenotype impaired by disruption of KDM6B. ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) assay further indicated that KDM6B can bind the promoter region of WT1 and reduce the histone H3K27 methylation. Podocytes in glomeruli from nephrotic patients exhibited increased KDM6B contents and reduced H3K27me3 levels. These data suggest a role for KDM6B as a regulator of podocyte differentiation, which is important for the understanding of podocyte function in kidney development and related diseases.
Toxins for decoding interface selectivity in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Kini R. Manjunatha
Published: May 2019

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that play crucial roles in neurotransmission and regulate complex processes in brain functions, including anxiety, learning and memory, food intake, drug addiction, cognition and nociception. To perform these and other functions, a diverse array of nAChR subtypes are generated by homomeric or heteromeric assembly of 17 homologous nAChR subunits. Agonists, acetylcholine and nicotine, bind to the interface formed between two α subunits and between α and non-α subunits to activate the nAChR and allow cation influx. The diversity of subunit interfaces determines the channel properties, the responses to different agonists/antagonists, desensitization and downstream signaling and thus, define specialized properties and functions. Over the last several decades, snake venom neurotoxins have contributed to the purification, localization and characterization of molecular details of various nAChRs. Utkin et al. have described the purification and characterization of αδ-bungarotoxins, a novel class of neurotoxins in a recent paper published in the Biochemical Journal [Biochem. J. (2019) 476, 1285–1302]. These toxins from Bungarus candidus venom preferably bind to α–δ site with two orders of magnitude higher affinity compared with α–γ or α–ε sites. The subtle changes in the structure of αδ-bungarotoxins led to variation in interface selectivity. Such new classes of antagonists will offer us great opportunity to delineate the pharmacophores and design new highly selective antagonists. Thus, their findings provide new impetus to re-evaluate molecular details of pharmacological properties of α-neurotoxins with careful consideration towards subtype-, interface- and species-selectivity.
Loss of GCN5L1 in cardiac cells disrupts glucose metabolism and promotes cell death via reduced Akt/mTORC2 signaling
Authors: Manning Janet R. , Thapa Dharendra , Zhang Manling , Stoner Michael W. , Traba Javier , Corey Catherine , Shiva Sruti , Sack Michael N. , Scott Iain
Published: May 2019

GCN5L1 regulates protein acetylation and mitochondrial energy metabolism in diverse cell types. In the heart, loss of GCN5L1 sensitizes the myocardium to injury from exposure to nutritional excess and ischemia/reperfusion injury. This phenotype is associated with the reduced acetylation of metabolic enzymes and elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, although the direct molecular targets of GCN5L1 remain largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the mechanism by which GCN5L1 impacts energy substrate utilization and mitochondrial health. We find that hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) leads to a reduction in cell viability and Akt phosphorylation in GCN5L1 knockdown AC16 cardiomyocytes, in parallel with elevated glucose utilization and impaired fatty acid use. We demonstrate that glycolysis is uncoupled from glucose oxidation under normoxic conditions in GCN5L1-depleted cells. We show that GCN5L1 directly binds to the Akt-activating mTORC2 component Rictor, and that loss of Rictor acetylation is evident in GCN5L1 knockdown cells. Finally, we show that restoring Rictor acetylation in GCN5L1-depleted cells reduces mitochondrial ROS generation and increases cell survival in response to H/R. These studies suggest that GCN5L1 may play a central role in energy substrate metabolism and cell survival via the regulation of Akt/mTORC2 signaling.
MicroRNA-198 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by directly suppressing FGFR1 in gastric cancer
Authors: Gu Junxia , Li Xiaozhen , Li Hui , Jin Zhe , Jin Jianjun
Published: May 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important therapeutic targets in cancer. Here we aim to investigate the role of miR-198, a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor, in gastric cancer (GC). MiR-198 overexpression was achieved by transfection of miR-198 mimics, followed by evaluation of cell viability using cell-counting kit 8. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were assessed by Annexin-V-FITC/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry respectively. The target of miR-198 was identified by bioinformatical analysis and confirmed by dual-luciferase assay, along with real-time PCR and Western blot analyses of target gene expression after transfection of miR-198 mimics. GC tissues were characterized by miR-198 down-regulation. Restoration of miR-198 expression attenuated GC cell proliferation and colony formation, meanwhile inducing significant G0/G1 arrest. Furthermore, combinatory therapy of cisplatin and miR-198 induced greater anti-tumor effects than treatment with cisplatin single therapy. We also identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) as a direct target gene of miR-198. Furthermore, FGFR1 silencing elicited a similar tumor-suppressive effect as miR-198 overexpression. FGFR1 overexpression antagonized the anti-tumor effects of miR-198 overexpression. MiR-198/FGFR1 axis plays an important role in proliferation and apoptosis of GC. Therapies targeted to miR-198 can potentially improve GC treatment.
Increased incidence of second primary malignancy in patients with malignant astrocytoma: a population-based study
Authors: Wang Wenming
Published: May 2019

We identified patients diagnosed with malignant astrocytoma (MA) as the first of two or more primary malignancies between 1973 and 2015 from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Multiple primaries-standardized incidence ratio (MP-SIR) was calculated to quantitate the risk of second primary malignancy (SPM). We further identified the risk factors of developing SPM and factors affecting overall survival (OS) in MA patients with SPM. Our results revealed that overall risk of SPM among MA patients was significantly higher than that in general population (SIR: 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1–1.18, P<0.05). Specific sites where the risk of SPM increased included salivary gland, bone and joints, soft tissue including heart, brain, cranial nerves other nervous system, thyroid, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Overall risk of SPM in patients aged ≤29 and 30–59 years significantly increased (4.34- and 1.41-fold respectively). Whereas patients aged ≥60 years had a significantly decreased risk of SPM. Patients in the group of latency at 36–59, 60–119 and ≥120 months carried significantly increased overall risk of SPM. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, race, marital status, WHO grade, differentiated grade of cancer tissues, latency was independent predictor of OS in MA patients with SPM, which were all selected into the nomogram. The calibration curve for probability of survival showed good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation. In conclusion, MA survivors should be advised of their increased risk for developing certain cancers in their lifetime. Our study had clinical implications for the surveillance of MA survivors at risk of developing SPM.
Overexpression of IGFBP2 mRNA predicts poor survival in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Yuan Qing , Cai Hong-Qing , Zhong Yi , Zhang Min-Jie , Cheng Zhi-Jian , Hao Jia-Jie , Wang Ming-Rong , Wan Jing-Hai
Published: May 2019

The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is dismal. It has been reported that Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is associated with the mobility and invasion of tumor cells. We investigated the expression of IGFBP2 mRNA in GBMs and its clinical relevance, using tissue microarrays and RNAscope in situ hybridization in 180 GBMs and 13 normal or edematous tissues. The correlations between the expression and clinical pathological parameters as well as some other biomarkers were analyzed. Overexpression of IGFBP2 mRNA was observed in 23.9% of tumors tested. No expression of IGFBP2 mRNA was detected in normal or edematous tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the survival time of all the patients with high IGFBP2 tumors had shorter survival than those with low IGFBP2 (P<0.01). Univariate regression and multivariate regression both indicated that the expression of IGFBP2 transcript level was an independent prognostic factor (P=0.008 and 0.007, respectively). Furthermore, expression of IGFBP2 mRNA was related to the occurrence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, high heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) expression and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation (TERTp+) (P=0.013, 0.015 and 0.016, respectively), and patients with TERTp+/IGFBP2high showed the shortest survival. In conclusion, IGFBP2 mRNA expression status is an independent prognostic biomarker in GBMs, and the combination of IGFBP2 mRNA and TERTp status might serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with GBM.
Two-fluid simulations of waves in the solar chromosphere
Authors: Popescu Braileanu B. , Lukin V. S. , Khomenko E. , de Vicente Á.
Published: May 2019

Solar chromosphere consists of a partially ionized plasma, which makes modeling the solar chromosphere a particularly challenging numerical task. Here we numerically model chromospheric waves using a two-fluid approach with a newly developed numerical code. The code solves two-fluid equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, together with the induction equation for the case of the purely hydrogen plasma with collisional coupling between the charged and neutral fluid components. The implementation of a semi-implicit algorithm allows us to overcome the numerical stability constraints due to the stiff collisional terms. We test the code against analytical solutions of acoustic and Alfvén wave propagation in uniform medium in several regimes of collisional coupling. The results of our simulations are consistent with the analytical estimates, and with other results described in the literature. In the limit of a large collisional frequency, the waves propagate with a common speed of a single fluid. In the other limit of a vanishingly small collisional frequency, the Alfvén waves propagate with an Alfvén speed of the charged fluid only, while the perturbation in neutral fluid is very small. The acoustic waves in these limits propagate with the sound speed corresponding to either the charges or the neutrals, while the perturbation in the other fluid component is negligible. Otherwise, when the collision frequency is similar to the real part of the wave frequency, the interaction between charges and neutrals through momentum-transfer collisions cause alterations of the waves frequencies and damping of the wave amplitudes.
Deforestation effects on land surface energy coupling: a data-driven perspective
Authors: Zhu Y. , Zong R.H. , Zhang T.Y.
Published: May 2019

Deforestation dramatically alters land surface properties and functions through multiple biogeophysical and biogeochemical pathways. However, a quantitative identification of how deforestation affects local energy-water-vegetation coupling is still challenging. In this study we employed information theory and transfer entropy framework to identify the overall feedback pattern of land surface water-energy-vegetation coupling, using high frequency eddy covariance measurements at forested versus deforested sites. We found that deforestation strengthened the directional influence of atmospheric demand on land surface water flux, and more importantly, deforestation broke the coupling between vegetation activities and local precipitation, which led to a less efficient ecosystem to recycle and maintain water within this system.
Study on the prevention and control measures of China’s urban road traffic noise pollution
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Cao Guanghua
Published: May 2019

Just like the other countries in the world, urban road traffic noise pollution is widespread in China, and with the acceleration of its urbanization process, noise pollution continuously arises. However, China’s legislation and governance measures on noise pollution control began in 1989, which is relatively late. Based on the urban road traffic noise pollution status and typical cities’ measures in China, and combined with the successful experiences of developed countries, this paper analyzes the causes and puts forward corresponding prevention and control measures from five aspects, such as improving the laws and regulations, focusing on planning and design, thinking highly of Noise Mapping, carrying out special noise reduction projects and strengthening management measures, as a reference for the relevant jurisdictions and scientific researchers.
Detailed balance calculations for hot-carrier solar cells: coupling high absorptivity with low thermalization through light trapping
Authors: Giteau Maxime , Suchet Daniel , Collin Stéphane , Guillemoles Jean-François , Okada Yoshitaka
Published: May 2019

Hot-carrier solar cells could enable an efficiency gain compared to conventional cells, provided that a high current can be achieved, together with a hot-carrier population. Because the thermalization rate is proportional to the volume of the absorber, a fundamental requirement is to maximize the density of carriers generated per volume unit. In this work, we focus on the crucial role of light trapping to meet this objective. Using a detailed balance model taking into account losses through a thermalization factor, we obtained parameters of the hot-carrier population generated under continuous illumination. Different absorptions corresponding to different light path enhancements were compared. Results are presented for open-circuit voltage, at maximum power point and as a function of the applied voltage. The relation between the parameters of the cell (thermalization rate and absorptivity) and its characteristics (temperature, chemical potential, and efficiency) is explained. In particular, we clarify the link between absorbed light intensity and chemical potential. Overall, the results give quantitative values for the thermalization coefficient to be achieved and show that in the hot-carrier regime, absorptivity enhancement leads to an important increase in the carrier temperature and efficiency.
Reducing adhesive wear in dry deep drawing of high-alloy steels by using MMC tool
Authors: Freiße Hannes , Ditsche Adrian , Seefeld Thomas
Published: May 2019

Sheet metal forming normally requires the application of lubricants to protect the tool and the sheet against wear. In the case of nonlubricated sheet metal forming, cleaning processes would not be necessary anymore and the process chain could be optimized regarding ecological and economical aspects. However, forming without lubrication leads to an intensive contact between the tool and the sheet. Thus, higher wear occurs and process reliability cannot be ensured for industrial mass production. For dry metal forming of high-alloy steels, a new tool concept must be developed to withstand the higher loads. In this work, a laser-generated tool surface with a supporting plateau of hard particles is presented. Spherical fused tungsten carbides were injected into the surface by laser melt injection. The metallic matrix of the composite was rejected by applying laser ablation. In consequence, the hard particles stood out of the matrix and were in direct contact with the sheet material. Dry and lubricated forming experiments were carried out by strip drawing with bending and deep drawing of cups. Within this work, the feasibility of dry metal forming of high-alloy steel could be demonstrated by applying the MMC surface whereby adhesive wear could be reduced.
Parabolic bursting, spike-adding, dips and slices in a minimal model
Authors: Desroches Mathieu , Francoise Jean-Pierre , Krupa Martin
Published: May 2019

A minimal system for parabolic bursting, whose associated slow flow is integrable, is presented and studied both from the viewpoint of bifurcation theory of slow-fast systems, of the qualitative analysis of its phase portrait and of numerical simulations. We focus the analysis on the spike-adding phenomenon. After a reduction to a periodically forced one-dimensional system, we uncover the link with the dips and slices first discussed by J.E. Littlewood in his famous articles on the periodically forced van der Pol system.
Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Qiyuan , Wang Haiyan , Zhao Aiyun , Zhao Wei , Wei Zilin , Li Zhiguo , Qi Meng
Published: May 2019

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an obligate intracellular pathogen, can infect a wide variety of hosts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in China. A total of 185 alpaca fecal samples were collected from five herds in Tacheng, Wensu, Hejing, Qinghe, and Nilka counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected by nested PCR of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Twenty-eight fecal samples (15.1%, 28/185) were positive for E. bieneusi, with the highest prevalence in alpacas from Qinghe (42.9%, 15/35). Four E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, which included two known (P and ALP3) and two novel (ALP7 and ALP8) genotypes. Genotype ALP3 was the dominant genotype (57.1%, 16/28), followed by genotypes P (32.1%, 9/28), ALP7 (7.1%, 2/28), and ALP8 (2.6%, 1/28). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three genotypes (P, ALP7, and ALP3) clustered into group 1, whereas genotype ALP8 clustered into group 8. This is the first report of E. bieneusi infection and genetic diversity in alpacas from Xinjiang, China.
Arbeiten mit multinationalen Teams
Authors: Eßrich Marie-Luise
Published: May 2019

Immer mehr Kliniken greifen auf ausländische Pflegende zurück, um ihre Versorgungslücken zu schließen – auch die Charité. Mit einem gut durchdachten Akquise- und Integrationsmanagement holt sie Pflegende aus Albanien und Mexiko an Bord.
Update Mammakarzinom 2019 Teil 3 – aktuelle Entwicklungen bei der kurativen Behandlung von Mammakarzinompatientinnen: eine Übersicht und Bewertung durch ein internationales Expertenpanel
Authors: Kolberg Hans-Christian , Schneeweiss Andreas , Fehm Tanja N. , Wöckel Achim , Huober Jens , Pontones Constanza , Titzmann Adriana , Belleville Erik , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Taran Florin-Andrei , Wallwiener Markus , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Ettl Johannes , Lüftner Diana , Müller Volkmar , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Brucker Sara Y.
Published: May 2019

Die Behandlung von Mammakarzinompatientinnen in der kurativen Situation ist in vielfacher Hinsicht besonders. Die lokale Therapie mit Operation und Strahlentherapie ist zentraler Aspekt der Behandlung. Ziel ist eine komplette Elimination aller Tumorzellen am Ort der Primärerkrankung bei gleichzeitigem Bestreben, die Langzeitfolgen so gering wie möglich zu halten. Die immer weitere Reduktion der Radikalität der Lokaltherapie steht auch weiterhin im Blickpunkt. In Bezug auf die Systemtherapie haben sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten Chemotherapien mit Taxanen, Anthrazyklinen und teilweise auch platinhaltigen Chemotherapien etabliert. Der Kontext der Nutzung wird immer genauer definiert. Ebenso gibt es bei der antihormonellen Therapie Fragen, die auch nach Einführung der Aromatasehemmer immer noch weiter definiert werden müssen, wie beispielsweise die Länge der Therapie oder die ovarielle Suppression bei prämenopausalen Patientinnen. Letztlich soll die Behandlung von frühen Mammakarzinompatientinnen immer personalisierter werden. Prognostische Genexpressionstests könnten möglicherweise Therapieentscheidungen unterstützen. Ebenso muss überlegt werden, wie ein möglicher Einsatz von neuen Therapien wie Checkpointinhibitoren und CDK4/6-Inhibitoren in der Praxis aussehen könnte, sobald dazu Studienergebnisse vorliegen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Hintergründen zu aktuellen Abstimmungen, die das internationale St.‑Gallen-Expertenpanel in Wien 2019 für aktuelle Fragen in der Behandlung von Mammakarzinompatientinnen in der kurativen Situation vorgenommen hat.
Unterstützende Infusionen in der integrativen Onkologie bei Brustkrebs und gynäkologischen Krebserkrankungen – Bericht über die Zufriedenheit der Patientinnen sowie über selbstberichtete Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Hack Carolin C. , Antoniadis Sophia , Beckmann Matthias W. , Brandl Anna Lisa , Fasching Peter A. , Hackl Janina , Langemann Hanna , Katja Stock , Weber Natalie , Theuser Anna-Katharin
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Während einer Krebstherapie leiden viele Patienten an Mangelernährung oder Vitaminmangel. Die Behandlung nährstoffbezogener Mangelzustände sollte daher eine Ernährungstherapie und gegebenenfalls auch eine orale oder intravenöse Substitution von Mikronährstoffen beinhalten. Über Infusionstherapien mit mehreren Nährstoffen liegen nur wenige Informationen vor. Das Ziel dieser Studie bestand in der Entwicklung standardisierter Infusionsprotokolle für die Infusion von Mikronährstoffen im Rahmen der integrativen Medizin (IMed-Infusionen) und der Beschreibung von Nebenwirkungen der Behandlung und der Therapiezufriedenheit der Patientinnen.

Methoden Für die IMed-Sprechstunde wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der Apotheke des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen 4 spezielle Formulierungen für die intravenöse Anwendung entwickelt. Zwischen Oktober 2015 und Januar 2018 wurde eine retrospektive Querschnittsstudie durchgeführt, in der 45 Patientinnen mit gynäkologischen Krebserkrankungen oder Brustkrebs (BK) unter IMed-Infusionstherapie aufgenommen wurden. Von 20 Patientinnen wurden mithilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu IMed-Infusionen Nachbeobachtungsdaten erhoben.

Ergebnisse Während des Studienzeitraums wurden insgesamt 280 IMed-Infusionen verabreicht. Die meisten Patientinnen haben IMed-Regenerationsinfusionen erhalten (78 %). Die Patientinnen litten in der Mehrzahl der Fälle an BK und wurden mit Chemotherapie behandelt. Die meisten Patientinnen gaben ein hohes oder sehr hohes Maß an Zufriedenheit mit der Organisation (60 %), der allgemeinen Behandlung (65 %) und der Beratung (85 %) an. Über eine subjektive Besserung von krankheits- oder therapiebedingten Symptomen wie Fatigue, Polyneuropathie und Einschränkung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit berichteten 70 % der Patientinnen, während 75 % eine subjektive Steigerung ihrer Lebensqualität angaben. Nebenwirkungen traten nur selten auf und waren leichter Natur.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Therapie mit IMed-Infusionen bei Frauen mit BK oder gynäkologischen Krebserkrankungen muss denselben Standards genügen wie Arzneimitteltherapien. Obwohl es sich bei Vitaminen um Nahrungsergänzungsmittel handelt, sind eine gründliche Erhebung der Anamnese sowie eine angemessene Aufklärung der Patientinnen unerlässlich. Hierfür haben sich standardisierte Vorgehensweisen, wie im Rahmen der IMed-Sprechstunde der Fall, als hilfreich erwiesen.
Spezialisierte Ambulante Palliativ-Versorgung
Authors: Nauck Friedemann , Jansky Maximiliane
Published: May 2019

Ziel der Spezialisierten Ambulanten Palliativ-Versorgung (SAPV) ist es, die Selbstbestimmung und Lebensqualität schwer belasteter Patienten am Lebensende zu stärken. Diese bundesweite Leistung ermöglicht Unterstützung bei besonders komplexen physischen und psychosozialen Belastungssituationen und bietet eine multiprofessionelle, häusliche Behandlung in Kooperation mit Primärversorgern.
Vicinal Dichlorination of o-Vinylbiphenyls and the Synthesis of 9-(Arylmethyl)fluorenes via Tandem Friedel–Crafts Alkylations
Authors: Zhao Zhensheng , Jameel Islam , Murphy Graham K.
Published: May 2019

Reacting ortho-vinylbiphenyls with (dichloroiodo)benzene (PhICl2) gives vicinal dichlorides, rapidly, and in excellent yield at room temperature. Treating the vic-dichlorides with 50 mol% AlCl3 in the presence of arene nucleophiles results in sequential intramolecular and intermolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylations to generate 9-(arylmethyl)fluorene derivatives. The dichlorination and alkylation reactions are operationally simple and tolerant of a variety of functional groups and substitution patterns, and give the products in moderate to excellent yield.
Synthesis of Phenyl-2,2′-bichalcophenes and Their Aza-Analogues by Catalytic Oxidative Deacetylation
Authors: Jiang Xia , Jin Hui , Wang Tingshu , Yoo Hyebin , Koo Sangho
Published: May 2019

Efficient synthetic method for medicinally and opto-electronically important bichalcophenes is reported, which highlights Mn(OAc)3/CoCl2-catalyzed oxidative deacetylation of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds that were easily prepared by conjugate addition of ethyl acetoacetate to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds containing a chalcophene unit. Paal–Knorr reaction of the resulting 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds produced 4-phenyl-2,2′-bichalcophenes and their aza-analogues.
Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Mackintosh John A. , Stainer Anna , Barnett Joseph L. , Renzoni Elisabetta A.
Published: May 2019

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). SSc-ILD adversely impacts quality of life and is currently the leading cause of death in this multisystem disease. Identifying clinically significant SSc-ILD is critically important. Accurate staging and prognostication remain difficult; however, significant advances have been made in the last decade. Evidence supports the need to treat patients with extensive and/or progressive SSc-ILD, while only a subset of patients with limited ILD may require treatment. Research is urgently required to allow improved prediction of patients at risk of ILD progression at an early point in the disease, and ideally prior to its onset, to allow prevention. The last decade has seen the publication of landmark clinical trials for SSc-ILD. More effective strategies with less toxicity are under investigation. For those with refractory or very advanced disease, studies into disease-specific palliative approaches are in their infancy. Lung transplantation as an option for SSc-ILD remains patient- and center-specific, with data to suggest equivalent outcomes to other fibrotic lung diseases, in carefully selected cases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all key aspects of SSc-ILD.
Pulmonary and Bronchiolar Involvement in Sjogren's Syndrome
Authors: Chung Augustine , Wilgus May Lin , Fishbein Gregory , Lynch Joseph P.
Published: May 2019

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by mononuclear cells (principally lymphocytes) infiltrating exocrine glands (e.g., salivary and lacrimal glands), leading to destruction of exocrine epithelial cells and dryness of mucosal surfaces. Cardinal symptoms are dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia). Extraglandular sites are affected in 30 to 40% of cases of SS (particularly neurological, kidneys, skin, and lungs). B cell hyperactivity, autoantibody production, and hypergammaglobulinemia are cardinal features of SS. Primary SS is not associated with other autoimmune diseases. However, SS can complicate diverse autoimmune disorders (particularly systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma); this form is termed “secondary SS.” Pulmonary involvement is usually not a dominant feature of SS, but may be severe in some cases. In this review, we discuss specific tracheal, bronchiolar, and pulmonary complications of SS including xerotrachea, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, pulmonary cysts, pleural effusions, pulmonary amyloidosis, and bronchus- or lung-associated lymphomas.
Arthrographic Study of the Communication between the Tarsal Joints in Crioulo Horses
Authors: Gehm Marcelo V. , Duarte Claudia A. , Leite Carla T. , Góss Geórgia C. , Döwich Gabriela , Pereira Elton P. , da Rosa Loreane R. , Romero Bruno G.
Published: May 2019

Objective The aim of the present study is to assess an arthrographic technique based on the access to the equine tarsus via distal intertarsal and on the existence and frequency of communication between distal and tarsocrural joints in the tarsus of Crioulo horses.

Materials and Methods Fifty Crioulo horses of both sexes from 3 to 8 years old were included in the experiment. Animals with radiographic signs of tarsal osteoarthritis and joint space loss were excluded from the experiment. Contrast was injected in the distal intertarsal joint and radiographs were taken at two different times - Time 0 (after contrast application) and Time 1 (45 seconds after) to detect any communication between tarsal joints. The recorded results were analysed through chi-squared test.

Results Thirty out of three hundred tarsi were excluded from the experiment since the radiographic images showed loss of the distal intertarsal joint space. Positive contrast was injected in distal intertarsal joint of 70/100 tarsi. There was not any contrast overflow in the 30/70 assessed tarsi. Contrast diffused to the tarsometatarsal joint in 32/70 of the assessed tarsi and reached tarsocrural joints in 8/70 tarsi. The adopted arthrographic technique was effective in data collection and evaluation; however, 52/70 of tarsi showed contrast overflow to the bursa of the cunean tendon.

Clinical significance The communication between tarsocrural and distal tarsal joints in Crioulo horses was significantly higher, and this finding emphasizes the importance of performing contrasted arthrography before getting to a final diagnostic and defining therapeutic procedures.
Girls’ perceptions of boys with violent attitudes and behaviours, and of sexual attraction
Authors: Puigvert Lidia , Gelsthorpe Loraine , Soler-Gallart Marta , Flecha Ramon
Published: May 2019

Violence against women is a reality that is still present in Europe and a serious public health threat worldwide. Fortunately, investment is being made to raise awarness at the national and EU levels and among diverse publics. However, more research is needed in order to better explain its underlying factors, and thus identify effective actions that could contribute to preventing young girls and women from becoming victims. Drawing on a theoretical approach to the preventive socialization of gender violence, in this study we report data from the quasi-experimental research project ‘Free Teen Desire’ (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant, 2015–2016, No 659299). Through a survey conducted on 100 female adolescents (aged 13–16) in different European secondary schools (in England, Spain, Cyprus and Finland), we analysed their pattern of attraction for both ‘hooking up’ and stable relationships towards boys with either violent attitudes and behaviour or boys with non-violent behaviour, what would be linked to gender violence victimization at a later stage in their lives. Our findings suggest that in the different European secondary schools studied, a similar pattern of attraction is recognized by female participants: although non-violent boys are highly preferred to those with a violent profile, we observed that boys with violent attitudes and behaviours are mostly preferred for hooking up, and boys with non-violent traits are mostly preferred for stable relationships. In addition to the novelty of providing quantitative data on these links (non-violent/stable relationships; violent/hook-ups) in the case of adolescents, the findings regarding the pattern of attraction towards boys with violent traits for sporadic relationships are in line with previous extensive qualitative research. This body of research marks the existence of a coercive dominant discourse that associates attraction with violence and influences the socialization processes of many girls during their sexual-affective relationships’ awakening, which has been shown to constitute a risk factor for gender violence victimization.
The data politics of the urban age
Authors: Duarte Fábio , Álvarez Ricardo
Published: May 2019

The deployment of myriad digital sensors in our physical environments is generating huge amounts of data about the natural and built environments and about ourselves, social relations, and interactions in space. These unprecedented quantities of data combine with high-performance computers to produce a series of increasingly powerful tools ranging from mathematical modeling on a massive scale to various types of artificial intelligence. Within this context, urban planning and design driven by data and predictive tools have been gaining traction. This scientific approach to urban problems echoes the nineteenth-century birth of modern urbanism, when rapid industrialization and new scientific methods were advocated against a traditional beaux-arts approach to city planning; and the twentieth century proved that such scientific methods were politically charged. Arguing that we are facing a similar breakthrough in urban studies and planning, in this paper we discuss how data-driven approaches can foster urban studies, but must be balanced with a critical view to the inherent social values of cities.
Transforming evidence for policy and practice: creating space for new conversations
Authors: Oliver Kathryn , Boaz Annette
Published: May 2019

For decades, the question of how evidence influences policy and practice has captured our attention, cutting across disciplines and policy/practice domains. All academics, funders, and publics have a stake in this conversation. There are pockets of great expertise about evidence production and use, which all too often remains siloed. Practical and empirical lessons are not shared across disciplinary boundaries and theoretical and conceptual leaps remain contained. This means that we are not making the most of vast and increasing investment in knowledge production. Because existing lessons about how to do and use research well are not shared, funders and researchers are poorly equipped to realise the potential utility of research, and waste resources on—for example—ineffective strategies to create research impact. It also means that the scarce resources available to study evidence production and use are misspent on overly-narrow or already-answered questions. Patchy and intermittent funding has failed to build broadly relevant empirical or theoretical knowledge about how to make better use of evidence, or to build the communities required to act on this knowledge. To transform how we as a community think about what evidence is, how to generate it, and how to use it well, we must better capture lessons being learned in our different research and practice communities. We must find ways to share this knowledge, to embed it in the design of our research systems and practices, and work jointly to establish genuine knowledge gaps about evidence production and use. This comment sets out one vision of how that might be accomplished, and what might result.
Theoretical evaluation of electronic density-of-states and transport effects on field emission from n-type ultrananocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Chubenko Oksana , Baturin Stanislav S. , Baryshev Sergey V.
Published: May 2019

In the nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond [(N)UNCD] films, representing an n-type highly conductive two-phase material comprised of sp3 diamond grains and sp2-rich graphitic grain boundaries, current is carried by a high concentration of mobile electrons within large-volume grain-boundary networks. Fabricated in a simple thin-film planar form, (N)UNCD was found to be an efficient field emitter capable of emitting a significant amount of charge starting at the applied electric field as low as a few volts per micrometer, which makes it a promising material for designing electron sources. Despite semimetallic conduction, field emission (FE) characteristics of this material demonstrate a strong deviation from the Fowler–Nordheim law in a high-current-density regime when (N)UNCD field emitters switch from a diodelike to a resistorlike behavior. Such a phenomenon resembles the current-density saturation effect in conventional semiconductors. In the present paper, we adapt the formalism developed for conventional semiconductors to study current-density saturation in (N)UNCD field emitters. We provide a comprehensive theoretical investigation of (i) partial penetration of the electric field into the material, (ii) transport effects (such as electric-field-dependent mobility), and (iii) features of a complex density-of-states structure (position and shape of π−π∗ bands, controlling the concentration of charge carriers) on the FE characteristics of (N)UNCD. We show that the formation of the current-density saturation plateau can be explained by the limited supply of electrons within the impurity π−π∗ bands and decreasing electron mobility in a high electric field. Theoretical calculations are consistent with the experiment.
Upper limit for angular compounding speckle reduction
Authors: Winetraub Yonatan , Wu Chris , Collins Graham P. , Chu Steven , de la Zerda Adam
Published: May 2019

Angular compounding is a technique for reducing speckle noise in optical coherence tomography that is claimed to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of images without impairing their spatial resolution. Here, we examine how focal point movements caused by optical aberrations in an angular compounding system may produce unintended spatial averaging and concomitant loss of spatial resolution. Experimentally, we accounted for such aberrations by aligning our system and measuring distortions in images and found that when the distortions were corrected, the speckle reduction by angular compounding was limited. Our theoretical analysis using Monte Carlo simulations indicates that “pure” angular compounding (i.e., with no spatial averaging) over our full numerical aperture (13° in air) can improve the SNR by not more than a factor of 1.3. Illuminating only a partial aperture cannot improve this factor compared to a spatial averaging system with equivalent loss of resolution. We conclude that speckle reduction using angular compounding is equivalent to spatial averaging. Nonetheless, angular compounding may be useful for improving images in applications where the depth of field is important. The distortions tend to be the greatest off the focal plane, and so angular compounding combined with our correction technique can reduce speckle with a minimal loss of resolution across a large depth of field.
Emission of velocity-correlated clusters in fullerene-solid single collision and diagnostics of the impact energized subsurface nanovolume
Authors: Armon E. , Zemel E. , Bekkerman A. , Bernstein V. , Tsipinyuk B. , Kolodney E.
Published: May 2019

We have measured kinetic energy distributions (KEDs) of large clusters emitted from five different solid targets following a single impact of C60− ion at 14 keV kinetic energy. It was found that all the large clusters emitted from a given target move with nearly the same velocity and that their KEDs can be described by a thermal distribution riding on a common center-of-mass velocity (shifted Maxwellian) of some precursor. This behavior is in sharp contrast to that observed when the incoming projectile ion is monoatomic. Different trends were observed when comparing the behavior of the KED families of group 5 early transition metal elements (Ta and Nb) with those of group 11 late transition metals (Cu, Ag, and Au). We propose a model for the initial phase of formation of the precursor and show that the measured KEDs can serve as both pressure and temperature probes for the impact excited, highly energized subsurface nanovolume, driving the ejection of the clusters. It is also shown that under the proposed impact scenario, thermally equilibrated conditions (of the atomic subsystem) can be established at the subsurface nanovolume on the early subpicosecond time scale relevant for the emission process. This conclusion is demonstrated both experimentally by the KEDs of the emitted large clusters (very high temperatures and center-of-mass velocity) and by molecular dynamics simulation of the temporal evolution of the thermal characteristics of the impact energized subsurface nanovolume.
Dual-stimuli in-situ TEM study on the nonergodic/ergodic crossover in the 0.75(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–0.25SrTiO3 relaxor
Authors: Fan Zhongming , Tan Xiaoli
Published: May 2019

The existence of a variety of phases and their transitions in the electric field-temperature (E-T) space of relaxor ferroelectrics make them an interesting research subject. To directly observe the evolution of domain morphology and crystal symmetry in ferroelectrics under either temperature change or an applied electric field, in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is often the preferred characterization technique. Accessing all the phases in the E-T space of a relaxor crystal requires in-situ TEM with capabilities of simultaneous heating and biasing. In this letter, such a dual-stimuli in-situ TEM technique is demonstrated on 0.75(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–0.25SrTiO3, a relaxor ceramic with a thermal depolarization temperature Td of about 40 °C. Not only the domain structure change during thermal depolarization is directly seen, but also different microstructural responses under an applied electric field in the nonergodic and ergodic states are observed. The results prove that the dual-stimuli in-situ TEM technique is indispensable for exploring the rich physics in functional materials.
Efficient geometric integrators for nonadiabatic quantum dynamics. II. The diabatic representation
Authors: Roulet Julien , Choi Seonghoon , Vaníček Jiří
Published: May 2019

Exact nonadiabatic quantum evolution preserves many geometric properties of the molecular Hilbert space. In the first paper of this series [“Paper I,” S. Choi and J. Vaníček, J. Chem. Phys. 150, 204112 (2019)], we presented numerical integrators of arbitrary-order of accuracy that preserve these geometric properties exactly even in the adiabatic representation, in which the molecular Hamiltonian is not separable into kinetic and potential terms. Here, we focus on the separable Hamiltonian in diabatic representation, where the split-operator algorithm provides a popular alternative because it is explicit and easy to implement, while preserving most geometric invariants. Whereas the standard version has only second-order accuracy, we implemented, in an automated fashion, its recursive symmetric compositions, using the same schemes as in Paper I, and obtained integrators of arbitrary even order that still preserve the geometric properties exactly. Because the automatically generated splitting coefficients are redundant, we reduce the computational cost by pruning these coefficients and lower memory requirements by identifying unique coefficients. The order of convergence and preservation of geometric properties are justified analytically and confirmed numerically on a one-dimensional two-surface model of NaI and a three-dimensional three-surface model of pyrazine. As for efficiency, we find that to reach a convergence error of 10−10, a 600-fold speedup in the case of NaI and a 900-fold speedup in the case of pyrazine are obtained with the higher-order compositions instead of the second-order split-operator algorithm. The pyrazine results suggest that the efficiency gain survives in higher dimensions.
Data article: Distributed PV power data for three cities in Australia
Authors: Bright Jamie M. , Killinger Sven , Engerer Nicholas A.
Published: May 2019

We present a publicly available dataset containing photovoltaic (PV) system power measurements and metadata from 1287 residential installations across three states/territories in Australia—though mainly for the cities of Canberra, Perth, and Adelaide. The data are recorded between September 2016 and March 2017 at 10-min temporal resolution, and consist of real inverter reported power measurements from PV systems that are well distributed throughout each city. The dataset represents a considerably valuable resource, as public access to spatio-temporal PV power data is almost nonexistent; this dataset has already been used in numerous articles by the authors. The PV power data are free to download and are available in their raw, quality controlled (QC), and “tuned” formats. Each PV system is accompanied by individual metadata including geolocation, user reported metadata, and simulated parameterization. Data provenance, download, usage rights, and example usage are detailed within. Researchers are encouraged to leverage this rich spatio-temporal dataset of distributed PV power data in their research.