bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volar Locking Plate Versus Dorsal Locking Nail-Plate Fixation for Dorsally Displaced Unstable Extra-Articular Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Eikrem Morten , Brannsten Hege , Bjørkøy Dagfinn , Lian Tom , Madsen Jan Erik , Figved Wender
Published: October 2021

Background:

The use of low-profile dorsal and volar locking plates for distal radial fracture surgery has improved results and lowered the complication rate compared with older plate designs. The purpose of the present randomized controlled trial was to compare patient-reported outcomes as well as radiographic and functional results between patients who underwent stabilization with a volar locking plate or a dorsal locking nail-plate for the treatment of dorsally displaced unstable extra-articular distal radial fractures.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty patients ≥55 years of age were randomized to surgery with either a volar locking plate or a dorsal locking nail-plate and were assessed at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The primary outcome was the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score. Secondary outcomes were the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index and visual analog scale (VAS), range of motion, grip strength, radiographic measurements, and complication rate.

Results:

The median age was 66 years (range, 55 to 88 years). The rate of follow-up was 97%. There was no clinically important difference between the groups at any point during follow-up. Patients in the volar locking plate group had better mean QuickDASH scores at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. However, the differences were small (5.8 vs. 11.3 points at 1 year; mean difference, −5.5 points [95% confidence interval (CI), −9.9 to 1.2]; p = 0.014), which is lower than any proposed minimum clinically important difference (MCID). The difference in PRWE scores was also lower than the MCID (1.0 vs. 3.5 at 1 year; mean difference, −2.5 [95% CI, −4.4 to 0.6]; p = 0.012). The dorsal locking nail-plate group had slightly better restoration of volar tilt (p = 0.011). EQ-5D index, EQ-5D VAS, range of motion, grip strength, and complication rates were similar.

Conclusions:

We found no clinically relevant difference between the volar locking plate and dorsal locking nail-plate groups after 1 year or in the time period up to 1 year. A dorsal locking nail-plate can therefore be an alternative method for the treatment of these unstable fractures or in cases in which a dorsal approach is preferable over a volar approach.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Volatilitas dan Transmisi Harga Cabai Merah Keriting pada Pasar Vertikal di Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Miftahuljanah NFN , Sukiyono Ketut , Asriani Putri Suci
Published: October 2021

English
Red chili is a commodity of high value for farmers and a significant contribution to general price inflation in aggregate economy. The impacts on farmers’ income and national inflation are related to the chili price volatility due to harvest seasonality. The objective of the study is to analyze curly red chili price volatility and price formation at producers’, wholesales’ and consumers’ market levels. The data used is secondary data of monthly chili prices in Rejang Lebong Regency, the chili production center in Bengkulu, from 2007 to 2017. The price volatility was analyzed using the ARCH-GARCH method and the price transmission was analyzed using the ECM (Error Correction Model) method. The results showed that the price volatilities were high at producers’ and wholesales’ levels but low at consumer level. The price formation at producer level is primarily determined by price at wholesales’ level that contributes 71% and at consumers’ level that contributes 16%. The short run adjustment coefficient toward long run equilibrium is -0.5849. The appropriate strategy to stabilize the curly red chili price at both producers’ and consumers’ levels in Bengkulu is combination of controlling the price at distributors’ level policy and expanding and stabilizing production policy.

Indonesian
Cabai merah adalah komoditas bernilai ekonomis tinggi bagi petani dan penyumbang nyata inflasi harga umum secara agregat. Dampak terhadap pendapatan petani maupun inflasi terutama berkaitan dengan harga cabai yang amat fluktuatif sebagai akibat dari panen musiman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis volatilitas dan pembentukan harga cabai merah keriting di tingkat produsen, grosir, dan konsumen. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder bulanan harga cabai merah keriting di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, sentra produksi cabai di Provinsi Bengkulu, pada tahun 2007–2017. Volatilitas harga dianalisis dengan metode ARCH-GARCH sedangkan transmisi harga dianalisis dengan metode ECM (Error Correction Model). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas harga di tingkat produsen dan grosir tergolong tinggi sedangkan di tingkat konsumen tergolong rendah. Pasar grosir adalah pemimpin pasar dan pembentuk harga di tingkat produsen maupun konsumen. Faktor utama pembentuk harga cabai di tingkat produsen adalah harga di tingkat grosir sebesar 71% dan harga di tingkat konsumen sebesar 16%. Koefisien penyesuaian harga dalam jangka pendek menuju keseimbangan jangka panjang adalah -0,5849. Strategi yang tepat untuk stabilisasi harga cabai merah keriting baik di tingkat produsen maupun di tingkat konsumen di Provinsi Bengkulu ialah kombinasi kebijakan mengendalikan harga di tingkat grosir dan kebijakan peningkatan dan stabilisasi produksi.
Same-species Contamination Detection With Variant Calling Information From Next-generation Sequencing
Authors: Jiang Tao , Buchkovich Martin , Motsinger-Reif Alison
Published: October 2021

Background: Same-species contamination detection is an important quality control step in genetic data analysis. Due to a scarcity of methods to detect and correct for this quality control issue, same-species contamination is more difficult to detect than cross-species contamination. We introduce a novel machine learning algorithm to detect same-species contamination in next-generation sequencing (NGS) data using a support vector machine (SVM) model. Our approach uniquely detects contamination using variant calling information stored in variant call format (VCF) files for DNA or RNA. Importantly, it can differentiate between same-species contamination and mixtures of tumor and normal cells.In the first stage, a change-point detection method is used to identify copy number variations (CNVs) and copy number aberrations (CNAs) for filtering. Next, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data is used to test for same-species contamination using an SVM model. Based on the assumption that alternative allele frequencies in NGS follow the beta-binomial distribution, the deviation parameter ρ is estimated by the maximum likelihood method. All features of a radial basis function (RBF) kernel SVM are generated using publicly available or private training data. Results: We demonstrate our approach in simulation experiments. The datasets combine, in silico, exome sequencing data of DNA from two lymphoblastoid cell lines (NA12878 and NA10855). We generate VCF files using variants identified in these data and then evaluate the power and false-positive rate of our approach. Our approach can detect contamination levels as low as 5% with a reasonable false-positive rate. Results in real data have sensitivity above 99.99% and specificity of 90.24%, even in the presence of degraded samples with similar features as contaminated samples. We provide an R software implementation of our approach.Conclusions: Our approach addresses the gap in methods to test for same-species contamination in NGS. Due to its high sensitivity for degraded samples and tumor-normal samples, it represents an important tool that can be applied within the quality control process. Additionally, the user-friendly software has the unique ability to conduct quality control using the VCF format.
COL5A3 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li Yongjie , Zeng Min , Wang Ting , Jiang Feng
Published: October 2021

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of digestive system with high fatality rate, and its prognosis is very poor. Type Ⅴ collagen α3 (COL5A3) is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues, but its prognostic value and immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer are still unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic role of COL5A3 in pancreatic cancer and its correlation with immune infiltration. The transcriptional expression profiles of COL5A3 in pancreatic cancer and normal tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In the GEO (Gene expression omnibus) dataset (GSE16515), we compared the expression of COL5A3 in normal and tumor tissues. The expression of COL5A3 protein was evaluated by the human protein atlas (THPA). The effect of COL5A3 on survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to distinguish pancreatic cancer from paracancerous normal tissues. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the STRING. Use the "ClusterProfiler" package for functional enrichment analysis. Tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB) were used to determine the relationship between COL5A3 mRNA expression and immune infiltration. Compared with normal tissues, COL5A3 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. The high expression of COL5A3 is related to the poor clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients with high expression of COL5A3 was worse than that of patients with low expression of COL5A3. ROC curve shows that COL5A3 has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of COL5A3 mRNA was related to immune cell infiltration. This study reveals for the first time that COL5A3 may be a new prognostic biomarker related to immune infiltration and provide a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Long-term Evaluation Parameters in GNE Myopathy: A Five-year Observational Follow-up Natural History Study
Authors: Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Yajima Hiroyuki , Oya Yasushi , Mizuno Katsuhiro , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo , Takahashi Yuji
Published: October 2021

BackgroundA number of clinical trials targeting GNE myopathy patients have been conducted. However, useful clinical parameters for post-marketing surveillance and long-term clinical observation have not yet been established. ObjectiveWe conducted a 5-year observational follow-up natural history study to identify evaluation parameters which may be useful for the long-term observation of GNE myopathy patients. MethodsThirty-three genetically-confirmed GNE myopathy patients were recruited and evaluated at study entry (baseline) and yearly in a 5-year follow-up. Hand-held dynamometer measurements of knee extension strength, grip power, and pinch power, summed Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) score of 17 muscles, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), 6-minute walk test, percent vital capacity and percent force vital capacity (%FVC), lean body mass (whole body, arms, and legs), creatine kinase (CK), Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, and SF-36 national standard scores were examined. ResultsOf the 33 patients, 22 (66%) completed evaluations for the entire 5-year follow-up period. These patients had a significant reduction in summed MMT score (p=0.001), GMFM (p=0.001), grip power (p=0.013), pinch power (p<0.001), CK (p=0.030), %FVC (p<0.001), leg lean body mass (p=0.040), and the Physical Functioning subscale score of the SF-36 (p=0.015) at the 5th year evaluation relative to baseline. Among these parameters, summed MMT score, GMFM, pinch power, and %FVC showed significant changes even in non-ambulant patients.ConclusionsMMT, GMFM, pinch power, CK, %FVC, lean body mass, and Physical Functioning subscale score of the SF-36 are useful parameters for the long-term evaluation of GNE myopathy patients.
Hydrographic Processes in a Tropical Coastal Lagoon on Western Bay of Bengal
Authors: Sahoo Rabindra Kumar , Sil Sourav , Mandal Samiran , Pradhan Subhasis , Baliarsingh Sanjiba Kumar , Samal Rabindronath
Published: October 2021

In this article, hydrographic processes of a tropical coastal lagoon is studied that control inherent biological mechanisms of the lagoon environment. Realizing the interest of environmentalists over physio-chemical studies of a wetland tropical wetland system on the western boundary of the Bay of Bengal, a high-resolution intensive vertical hydrographic field campaign was carried during monsoon to uncover peculiarity in vertical hydrographic processes that was long-awaited to address many environmental issues. Vertical hydrographic profiles on spatio-temporal scale were made at nine stations in a zonal direction of the Chilika lagoon system. Results of vertical variability of salinity showed the presence of higher saline water over less saline water in the central-western region. The higher and lower water temperature in the western and eastern parts of the lagoon, respectively, indicated temperature dipole between the two regions. The encapsulation of water mass having higher temperature by the water of lower temperature at the central region resulted evolution of thermal inversion. The highest dissolved oxygen concentration was observed in the sub-surface layers of the western part of the lagoon. However, a layer of near-hypoxia occurred below 1.5 m depth in the central region. This study proposes comprehensive inter-seasonal studies to address the vertical variability of biogeochemical parameters and the fate of organic flux.
The concept of the “Hexahedron” in the supratotal resection of the frontal gliomas: A technical note
Authors: Cai Pu , Bai Gang , Peng Jun , Li Yun , Che Shanli , Lan Fei , Yang Haifeng
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the value of the concept of the “Hexahedron” in the supratotal resection (SPTR) of frontal gliomas in both dominant and nondominant hemispheres .
METHODS

All consecutive patients who underwent SPTR for frontal gliomas under the guidance from the concept of the “Hexahedron” were retrospectively analysed for lesion location, pathology, extent of resection (EOR), and complications from May 2020 to June 2021. Volumetric EOR was measured and classified as SPTR, (in which the volume of the postoperative cavity was larger than the preoperative tumour volume), gross total resection (GTR, > 95% by volume) or subtotal resection (STR, ≤ 95% by volume) after independent radiological review.
RESULTS

Six men and two women (mean age: 47.13 years; range: 26–69 years) were included. All eight patients underwent frontal craniotomy combined frontotemporal craniotomy for resection of frontal gliomas. Neuropathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of glioblastoma WHO Grade IV in 4 patients, anaplastic oligodendroglioma WHO Grade III in 1, anaplastic astrocytoma WHO Grade III in 2 and diffuse astrocytoma WHO Grade II in 1. SPTR was achieved in six patients and STR was achieved in two. The main postoperative complications were contralateral paresis in 2 patients and memory disturbances in 1 patient. There were no cases of rebleeding or secondary operation during hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS

In the presented eight cases the concept of the “Hexahedron” allowed for safe surgical supratotal resection of frontal gliomas.
Facile And Direct Adhesive of Cellulose Substrates Using Inorganic Metal Salt Through Partial Welding
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Shumei , Liu Gaozhe , Gao Xin , Tang Xiaoning , Shan Shaoyun , Peng Lincai , Chen Keli
Published: October 2021

In this study, we describe a method of cellulose substrates bonding through partial dissolution using low dosage of zinc chloride aqueous solvent as an adhesive. The results exhibited that the bonding area of strips was tough without any failure though the mechanical test, shrinks in solvent-diffusion area was the main reason that let to breakage. The study found that shrink phenomena in diffusion area can be avoided on a certain extent by the decrease in dosage of zinc chloride. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer revealed that the cellulose was partial dissolved and regenerated cellulose filled with the gaps between fibers, providing evidences of the macromolecular interlocking and entangling mechanism for combining strips. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a certain amount of zinc oxides was remained in the adhesive strips, demonstrating a difficulty of zinc ions to be completely removed due to their close combination with cellulose chains. This work provides an attractive attempt that partially dissolved cellulose was used as an adhesive, extending the application of cellulose welding and a new concept for bonding cellulose materials.
A Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Explore Therapeutic Mechanism of Indian Herbal Formulation Nisha Amalaki in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wadhawan Mohit , Chhabra Varun , Katiyar Amit , Sharma Vandna , Khuntia Bharat Krushna , Rathore Shubhangi , Kaur Punit , Sharma Gautam
Published: October 2021

Nisha Amalaki (NA), an Indian herbal formulation consisting of two herbs, Curcuma longa and Emblica officinalis, has been commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the pharmacological mechanism of NA remains unknown. In this study, a network pharmacology-based approach was used to explore its underlying mechanism. NA phytochemicals were collected from PubChem, KNApSAcK, IMPPAT, and ChEBI databases, and their potential targets were investigated using similarity ensemble approach (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.6). A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to study the interactions among the targets and clustered into separate modules using NetworkAnalyst 3.0. A significant module (P ≤ .01) was identified, and DAVID web tool was utilized for the enrichment analysis. A total of 201 phytochemicals and 262 targets of NA were selected. Forty-five nodes of the significant module were identified as potential targets of NA. The enrichment analysis exhibited 27 biological processes and 78 pathways (P ≤ .01). Out of 45, 18 nodes were associated with T2DM as probable targets of NA. The metabolite-target-pathway network revealed that anti-diabetic effect of NA is a synergy of multi-target and multi-pathway efforts via regulation of glucose, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, β-cell survival and proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle.
Evaluation of an Automated Reminder System for Reducing Missed MRI Appointments
Authors: Kenniff James , Ginat Daniel Thomas
Published: October 2021

Background
The high frequency of missed appointments continues to be a burden to healthcare providers, leading to decreased productivity, quality of service, and quality of outcome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Televox’s automated appointment reminder service in reducing the missed appointment rate. Televox appointment reminders were implemented at three of five locations in October 2018, and the total and no-show numbers were summed across those locations for each month to calculate monthly missed appointment rates. T-tests were used to compare the missed appointment rate before and after October for four groups, locations with or without Televox implementation, in 2018 or 2019.
Results
An insignificant decline in missed appointment rates was found in locations using with Televox (p = 0.495) overall, although a significant decrease in missed appointments was found among Medicaid patients (p = 0.0381).
Conclusion
Implementation of Televox appointment reminder systems did not significantly affect appointment attendance overall, but could be more useful specifically for encouraging Medicaid patients to attend MRI appointments.
Differential thermopower images as a probe of many-body effects in quantum point contacts
Authors: Ren Yuan , Folk Joshua , Meir Yigal , Rejec Tomaz , Wegscheider Werner
Published: October 2021

Mesoscopic circuit elements such as quantum dots and quantum point contacts (QPCs) offer a uniquely controllable platform for engineering complex quantum devices, whose tunability makes them ideal for generating and investigating interacting quantum systems. However, the conductance measurements commonly employed in mesoscopics experiments are poorly suited to discerning correlated phenomena from those of single-particle origin. Here, we introduce non-equilibrium thermopower measurements as a novel approach to probing the local density of states (LDOS), offering an energy-resolved readout of many-body effects. We combine differential thermopower measurements with non-equilibrium density functional theory (DFT) to both confirm the presence of a localized state at the saddle point of a QPC and reveal secondary states that emerge wherever the reservoir chemical potential intersects the gate-induced potential barrier. These experiments establish differential thermopower imaging as a robust and general approach to exploring quantum many-body effects in mesoscopic circuits.
Evaluation of An Online Learning Concept For Nursing Students In Caring For Patients With Dementia: Results of A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Dreier-Wolfgramm Adina , Teubner Anja , Kern Katrin
Published: October 2021

Background: Dementia is a major public health concern. Nurses have a key role in caring for patients with dementia and to relieve caregivers. To prepare them for adequate demand-oriented nursing care provision, there is a need for training and education. Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, an online course with focus on a health care need assessment was developed.Methods: The Elaine Study is a quantitative study using questionnaire-based interviews. The recruitment of nursing students for the study was guided by following inclusion criteria (a) second-year nursing students participating in the module ‘caring for elderly patients’, (b) less than three missing lectures. Of all nursing students (N=127), n=48 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight students participated. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. For analyzing possible relations between lectures evaluations aspects among each other, the Spearman correlation was used. Collected qualitative data were analyzed by the Kuckartz suggested qualitative content analysis using the software MAXQDA.Results: Nursing students judged the overall course structure as very well (M 1.36, SD 0.48). Learning aims were clear defined (M 1.61, SD 0.68), learning contents have been properly demonstrated (M 1.68, SD 0.67) and teaching methods contribute the understanding (M 1.63, SD 0.62). The exercise on the Geriatric Assessment promote the internal learning process (M 1.67, SD 1.00) and the final online simulation training made lecture contents easier to understand (M 1.86, SD 0.89). Correlation were determined among the course structure and the (1) clear definition of learning aims (rSp 0.566, p=0.002), (2) presentations and references are made available (rSp 0.514, p=0.005), (3) teaching methods contribute the understanding (rSp 0.535, p= 0.004) and (4) an increase of individual learning ability (rSp 0.573, p=0.001). Implication for improvement proposes a reduction of nursing students team members from four or five to a work in teams of two nursing students.Conclusions: The Elaine study describes the feasibility of an online learning concept for nursing students in caring for patients with dementia. To identify actual impact on patient’s health and on caregiver burden as well, further studies are needed.
Infantile Developmental Delay Caused by Pathogenic Mutation in WDR45 Gene and Literature Review
Authors: Cao QingJun , Wang Hua , Huo Liang
Published: October 2021

Background

The reasons of infantile developmental delay are varied and complexity. The mode of BPAN inheritance clinical manifestation and imaging findings of childhood BPAN patients are not typical. The reason of WDR45 mutation is still elusive. This study has the objective to give a comprehensive overview of the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of WDR45 mutations.
Methods

This study recruited 258 infants with developmental delay of the babies from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and performed a customdesigned gene panel to capture all exons and 5 base pairs of flanking intronic sequence. We reviewed the WDR45 mutation cases reported before.
Results

We identified two de novo variants in WDR45 mutation and listed the clinical manifestation and treatments. This study summarized variants of the gene WDR45 mutation expression in previous investigations. Childhood patients have the clinical features as generalized developmental delay, seizures, intellectual disorder. By contrast, adolescence and early adulthood patient have the features like developmental regression, dystonia and parkinsonism.
Conclusion

Our study suggest WDR45 mutations cause a series spectrum of neurodegeneration disorders and are most important etiology of BPAN. The developmental delay of infant is not obvious and rarely to be attention. The mode of BPAN inheritance clinical manifestation and imaging findings of infantile BPAN patients are not typical. WDR45 gene mutaion has closely relationship with the function of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
Natural cubic perovskite, Ca(Ti,Si,Cr)O3–δ, a versatile potential host for rock-forming and less-common elements up to Earth’s mantle pressure
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Aslandukov Andrey , Aslandukovа Alena , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Gorelova Liudmila A. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Bocharov Vladimir N. , Shelukhina Yulia S. , Lozhkin Maksim S. , Zaitsev Anatoly N. , Nestola Fabrizio
Published: October 2021

Perovskite, CaTiO3, originally described as a cubic mineral, is known to have a distorted (orthorhombic) crystal structure. We herein report on the discovery of natural cubic perovskite. This was identified in gehlenite-bearing rocks occurring in a pyrometamorphic complex of the Hatrurim Formation (the Mottled Zone), in the vicinity of the Dead Sea, Negev Desert, Israel. The mineral is associated with native α-(Fe,Ni) metal, schreibersite (Fe3P), and Si-rich fluorapatite. The crystals of this perovskite reach 50 μm in size and contain many micrometer-sized inclusions of melilitic glass. The mineral contains significant amounts of Si substituting for Ti (up to 9.6 wt% SiO2), corresponding to 21 mol% of the davemaoite component (cubic perovskite-type CaSiO3), in addition to up to 6.6 wt% Cr2O3. Incorporation of trivalent elements results in the occurrence of oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure; this is the first example of natural oxygen-vacant ABO3 perovskite with the chemical formula Ca(Ti,Si,Cr)O3–δ (δ ~0.1). Stabilization of cubic symmetry (space group Pm3m) is achieved via the mechanism not reported so far for CaTiO3, namely displacement of an O atom from its ideal structural position (site splitting). The mineral is stable at atmospheric pressure to 1250 ± 50 °C; above this temperature, its crystals fuse with the embedded melilitic glass, yielding a mixture of titanite and anorthite upon melt solidification. The mineral is stable upon compression to at least 50 GPa. The a lattice parameter exhibits continuous contraction from 3.808(1) Å at atmospheric pressure to 3.551(6) Å at 50 GPa. The second-order truncation of the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gives the initial volume V0 equal to 55.5(2) Å3 and room temperature isothermal bulk modulus K0 of 153(11) GPa. The discovery of oxygen-deficient single perovskite suggests previously unaccounted ways for incorporation of almost any element into the perovskite framework up to pressures corresponding to those of the Earth’s mantle.
Pressure-induced C23–C37 transition and compression behavior of orthorhombic Fe2S to Earth’s core pressures and high temperatures
Authors: Zurkowski Claire C. , Lavina Barbara , Brauser Nigel M. , Davis Anne H. , Chariton Stella , Tkachev Sergey , Greenberg Eran , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Campbell Andrew J.
Published: October 2021

The phase stability of orthorhombic Fe2S was explored to 194 GPa and 2500 K using powder and multigrain synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. Between 30 and 120 GPa, a C23-like (Co2P, Pnma, Z = 4) Fe2S structure is observed and determined to exhibit a highly compressible a axis. A softening of the a axis occurs between 120 and 150 GPa and a relative stiffening of the b and c axes accompanies this compressibility change. Above 150 GPa, the a axis stiffens as the b and c axes soften, and a C37-like (Co2Si, Pnma, Z = 4) Fe2S unit cell is measured. On the basis of these changes in unit cell geometry, a pressure-induced C23–C37 Fe2S phase transition is inferred between 120–150 GPa. The C23 and C37 (Pnma, Z = 4) structures are closely related and share the same site symmetries. Forming the C37 structure from the C23 structure requires a shortening of the a axis and lengthening of the b and c axes accompanied by a four- to fivefold coordination change. The softening of the a axis above 120 GPa may therefore indicate the onset of a coordination change, and the final compressibility change above 150 GPa may mark the completion of this phase transition. The presented pressure-temperature (P-T) stabilities of C23 and C37 structures of Fe2S are in agreement with and resolve the differing observations of two previous studies (Tateno et al. 2019; Zurkowski et al. 2022). As C37 Fe2S is observed to core-mantle boundary pressures and high temperatures, the C37 Fe2S density profile through Earth’s outer core was determined by fitting the C23 Fe2S equation of state (<120 GPa) and applying a 1.6% volume reduction based on the C37 Fe2S volume residuals to this fit. Comparing the density of liquid C37 Fe2S with that of liquid hcp-Fe (Dewaele et al. 2006) and the seismologically determined density deficit of Earth’s core (Irving et al. 2018), 13.9 ± 1.5 wt% and 8.6 ± 0.8 wt% sulfur are required to match the densities at the CMB and ICB, respectively, for a purely Fe-S core.
Molecular characterization of new Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) genotypes
Authors: Al-Soqeer Abdulrahman , Al-Otayk Soleman M. , Motawei Mohamed I.
Published: October 2021

Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L. Link) is an African agamospermous grass that has been widely introduced into arid regions of the world to improve rangelands for cattle production and as a result, it has invaded adjacent habitats. Cenchrus ciliaris is apomictic, a condition that is normally associated with low genetic variation within populations, but even moderate levels of genetic variation among populations could account for differences in invasiveness. We used Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers (ISSRs) to examine genetic variation among buffelgrass genotypes collected from nine different locations in the central region of Saudi Arabia, and three introduced cultivars. The genetic similarity coefficients among the twelve buffelgrass genotypes ranged from 0.66 to 0.94. Maximum similarity was observed between local populations. Introduced cultivars 'Biloela', 'Gayndah' and 'USA' were quite distinct from local populations. The dendogram constructed with UPGMA analysis revealed three clusters. In general, the study revealed the presence of considerable genetic diversity that could be used for further analysis for specific traits of interest.
A méltányos pedagógia kutatási aspektusai a tanítás-tanulás folyamatában
Authors: Réthy Endréné
Published: October 2021

Célunk az esélyegyenlőtlenség multifaktoriális okainak feltárása az iskolába lépő tanulóknál, s ezen okok csökkentésére/megszüntetésére irányuló méltányos pedagógiai (equity) eljárások alkalmazása az esélyigazságosság biztosítása érdekében. A méltányos pedagógia mint pedagógiai védőháló, a tanulói szükségletekhez méretezett differenciált pedagógiai többlettámogatás, melynek végső, ám távlati célja az esélyegyenlőség (equality) megközelítése/elérése. E törekvésekben mutatkozó diszfunkciós folyamatok feltárása, illetve javaslatok megfogalmazása jelenti tanulmányunk központi feladatát.
Képzési innováció és szervezeti tanulás a felsőoktatásban, a bolognai folyamat követése az ELTE-n akciókutatással
Authors: Vámos Ágnes
Published: October 2021

A felsőoktatás funkciói alapvető változáson esnek át: új tanulásfelfogás, új oktatói feladatok, új szervezeti működés jelenik meg. Ebben a tanulmányban azokat a mérföldköveket mutatom be, amelyet az ELTE Pedagógiai és Pszichológiai Karának Neveléstudományi Intézete rakott le a bolognai folyamathoz való illeszkedésekor. A pedagógia alapszakhoz kapcsolódó 2006–2011-es akciókutatás szervezeti tanulás volt, mert a szervezet tagjainak olyan társas tanulása zajlott, ami nem egymás mellett élő emberek egyéni tanulásának összege, s nem is tőlük független eredmény, hanem egy új közös minőség.
Oktatáspolitika, nyelvpolitika, tannyelv-politika 1945–1989 között
Authors: Vámos Ágnes
Published: October 2021

A 2. világháború után a Szovjetunió megszállási övezetébe tartozó Magyarországon a sokirányú központosítás érintette a nyelvtanulást is: megszűnt a német, francia, angol és más tannyelvek tanítása, tantárgyi tanításuk is jelentősen szűkült, s kötelező tantárgy lett az addig nem tanult orosz nyelv. Zárt nyelvpolitika/nyelvoktatáspolitika volt érvényben az 1989-es rendszerváltozásig. Tanulmányomban a magyar–orosz tannyelvű iskolákat mutatom be, az 1945–1989 közötti időszak gazdasági, társadalmi, politikai kontextusában – forrás- és dokumentumelemzésekre támaszkodva, érzékeltetve a tannyelvpolitika változó mozgásterét a változó társadalmi, politikai kontextusban, s azokat a pedagógiai megfontolásokat, amelyek ezeket kísérték.
Russia and the EU foreign trade in the XXI century: traditions and modernity
Authors: Shkvarya L. V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents an analysis of the foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the European Union in the XXI century, especially in terms of Russian exports to the EU. The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics and structure of Russian exports and to identify both absolute and relative, as well as quantitative and qualitative changes in this process. The author comes to the conclusion that the EU as a market for Russian goods, while maintaining a generally traditionally high degree of importance, is becoming more and more unstable and therefore less and less attractive. The EU's role as Russia's leading export partner tends to decline – influenced by a number of factors that are largely objective for Russia, but not always and not fully so for the EU. In modern conditions, there is a gradual transformation of the commodity structure of Russian exports to the EU in the direction of reducing the share of raw materials. The study was conducted for the period 1995–2019 on the basis of data from the international statistical database of UNCTAD to ensure the reliability and comparability of the data. In the course of the research, the author used the following methods: analytical, statistical, scientific abstraction, induction and visualization method.
Uganda: socio-economic development, trade, international regional cooperation
Authors: Byasharova A. R. , Achalova L. V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to an urgent topic-the study of the development of the Republic of Uganda in social and economic aspects. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main trends in the socio-economic development of the Republic of Uganda in the XXI century, focusing on foreign trade processes and their role in general economic and humanitarian processes. The analysis was carried out on the basis of statistical data from the international statistics of UNCTAD, as well as other primary sources, primarily data from the National Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, the National Population Council of Uganda, etc. for 2000–2019, as well as earlier periods (since 1970) and 2020 – to ensure comparability. The author comes to the conclusion that in the socio-economic development of Uganda, along with obvious successes – steady GDP growth, the development of the leading segments of the economy, infrastructure, human capital – serious problems and imbalances remain, the solution of which, in the author's opinion, lies in the plane of international cooperation, and above all – in the scientific, technical and integration spheres. As a member of the integration association of the East African Community Uganda actively cooperates at the regional level in a number of areas (economic, infrastructural, educational), which increases the stability and stability of the country.
"One belt – one road": historical aspects development and regulation of trade
Authors: He Mingjun
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to a topic that has been significantly updated in the last 5 years – the study of the ancient Great Silk Road as the historical predecessor of the Chinese initiative "One Belt – One Road". This initiative has involved dozens of countries on all continents of the Earth in its sphere. Many of them continue to wonder about the effectiveness of this project for China, other countries, the world economy and trade in general. The purpose of the article is to study the deep historical roots and significance for the socio-economic evolution in the past – with an emphasis on foreign trade aspects-and their role in general economic and humanitarian processes. The historical objectivity and validity of both the ancient Silk Road and the modern "One Belt, One Road" initiative are shown. The author comes to the conclusion that the ancient Great Silk Road played an extremely important role in the socio-economic development of China and other countries along the way, and at the same time provided the opportunity for intercivilizational communication, which together is extremely important in the conditions of the modern unstable world. The following research methods were used in the article: historical and economic analysis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis.
A Rapid Qualitative Review of Sarcoidosis: Clinical Manifestations,
Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Shahgaldi Shahab , Abbasi Ardeshir , Rahmani-Kukia Nasim
Published: October 2021

Sarcoidosis is a worldwide inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized
by the formation of non-caseating
immune granulomas in involved organs,
most commonly in the
lungs and eyes. Although clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis depend on the organs involved, the
most common symptoms include fatigue, fever, weight loss, eye pain, dyspnea, and chest pain. Sarcoidosis
usually undergoes spontaneous regression, yet its chronic form progressively threatens the
involved organs through the induction of fibrotic damage. Despite decades of medical research, the
etiology of sarcoidosis still remains unclear. Nevertheless, a combination of contributors, including
genetic factors, environmental exposures, and microbial agents, is believed to trigger the inflammatory
state observed in this disease. Furthermore, a highly polarized Th1 and Th17 response with diminished
immunomodulatory mechanisms constitute the most significant immunological event associated
with this disorder. Indeed, sarcoid granulomas, which consist
of
highly activated antigen-presenting
cells (APCs) and lymphocytes, maintain
a robust specialized niche to facilitate antigen presentation
and exaggerated immune responses. Both the unknown etiology and multisystem nature of the disease
have hampered the development of specific therapeutics and definitive diagnostic assays for sarcoidosis.
Consequently, its diagnosis and treatment still represent a challenging task for clinicians. In this
article, we aim to summarize contemporary findings of sarcoidosis and its etiology, pathogenesis, and
treatment.
Moxifloxacin Derivatives with Potential Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Chen Rongxing , Xue Huarui , Xu Yazhou , Ma Tianwei , Liu Yuan , Zhang Jing , Shi Xiangkui , Guo Dong
Published: October 2021

Background:

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has already tormented humanity
and the environment for a long time and is responsible for many difficult-to-treat infections. Unfortunately,
there are limited therapeutic options, and MRSA isolates with complete resistance to vancomycin,
the first-line drug for the treatment of MRSA infections, have already emerged in recent
years. Moxifloxacin retained activity against mutant bacterial strains with various levels of fluoroquinolones
resistance and had a lower potential to select for resistant mutants. Isatin is a versatile
structure, and its derivatives are potent inhibitors of many enzymes and receptors. The fluoroquinolone-
isatin derivatives demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against both drug-sensitive
and drug-resistant organisms. The structure-activity relationship elucidated that incorporation of
1,2,3-triazole moiety into the C-7 position of fluoroquinolone skeleton was favorable to the antibacterial
activity. Accordingly, fluoroquinolone derivatives with isatin and 1,2,3-triazole fragments at
the side chain on the C-7 position are promising candidates to fight against drug-resistant bacteria.

Objective:

To explore more active moxifloxacin derivatives to fight against MRSA and enrich the
structure-activity relationships.

Methods:

The synthesized moxifloxacin derivatives 7a-i and 14a-f were evaluated for their antibacterial
activity against a panel of MRSA strains by means of standard two-fold serial dilution
method.

Results:

The majority of the synthesized moxifloxacin derivatives were active against most of the
tested MRSA strains with MIC values in a range of 1 to 64 μg/mL. The mechanistic investigations
revealed that topoisomerase IV was one of the targets for antibacterial activity.

Conclusion:

These derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel topoisomerase IV
inhibitors.
Nutritional Status of Patients Co-Infected with TB/HIV During Tuberculosis Treatment at Conakry-Guinea UHC
Authors: Sow Mamadou Saliou , Camara Alioune , Sidibé Sidikiba , Kaba Ibrahima , Leno Nestor Niouma , Diallo Boubacar Djelo , Camara Ibrahima , Camara Lansana Mady
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The aim was to assess weight gain during tuberculosis treatment in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV.

Methods:

Tuberculosis patients co-infected with HIV and undergoing tuberculosis treatment in the pneumophtisiology and infectious and tropical diseases departments of the CHU in Conakry were included.

Results:

562 patients were included, with a mean age of 35.6±11.3 years, and 52.5% were women. The average Body Mass Index [BMI] at baseline was 17.8 3.3 kg/m2. 71.5% of patients had a favorable result and 28.5% had an unfavorable result [death, abandonment]. Healed and lost patients gained an average of 2.6 kg and 0.1 kg respectively. Deceased patients lost an average of 3.6 kg. The weight variations of the cured patients were different from those of the deceased [p < 0.001]. A weight gain of 5% after 6 months of treatment was associated with the treatment site [OR=3.81; 95% CI 1.08 to 13.45], alcohol consumption [OR=10.33; 95% CI 1.20 to 89.16], malnutrition before treatment [OR=2.72; 95% CI 1.43 to 5.17] and the form of tuberculosis [OR=3.27; 95% CI 1.15 to 9.33].

Conclusion:

Newly diagnosed patients co-infected with TB-HIV at Conakry's CHU are often malnourished. Weight gain during treatment seems to be a reliable indicator of the overall response to treatment.
Understanding the Nature of Metadata: Systematic Review
Authors: Ulrich Hannes , Kock-Schoppenhauer Ann-Kristin , Deppenwiese Noemi , Gött Robert , Kern Jori , Lablans Martin , Majeed Raphael W , Stöhr Mark R , Stausberg Jürgen , Varghese Julian , Dugas Martin , Ingenerf Josef
Published: October 2021

Background

Metadata are created to describe the corresponding data in a detailed and unambiguous way and is used for various applications in different research areas, for example, data identification and classification. However, a clear definition of metadata is crucial for further use. Unfortunately, extensive experience with the processing and management of metadata has shown that the term “metadata” and its use is not always unambiguous.

Objective

This study aimed to understand the definition of metadata and the challenges resulting from metadata reuse.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in this study following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for reporting on systematic reviews. Five research questions were identified to streamline the review process, addressing metadata characteristics, metadata standards, use cases, and problems encountered. This review was preceded by a harmonization process to achieve a general understanding of the terms used.

Results

The harmonization process resulted in a clear set of definitions for metadata processing focusing on data integration. The following literature review was conducted by 10 reviewers with different backgrounds and using the harmonized definitions. This study included 81 peer-reviewed papers from the last decade after applying various filtering steps to identify the most relevant papers. The 5 research questions could be answered, resulting in a broad overview of the standards, use cases, problems, and corresponding solutions for the application of metadata in different research areas.

Conclusions

Metadata can be a powerful tool for identifying, describing, and processing information, but its meaningful creation is costly and challenging. This review process uncovered many standards, use cases, problems, and solutions for dealing with metadata. The presented harmonized definitions and the new schema have the potential to improve the classification and generation of metadata by creating a shared understanding of metadata and its context.
Attrition Within Digital Health Interventions for People With Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bevens William , Weiland Tracey , Gray Kathleen , Jelinek George , Neate Sandra , Simpson-Yap Steve
Published: October 2021

Background

Digital health interventions have revolutionized multiple sclerosis (MS) care by supporting people with MS to better self-manage their disease. It is now understood that the technological elements that comprise this category of digital health interventions can influence participant engagement in self-management programs, and people with MS can experience significant barriers, influenced by these elements, to remaining engaged during a period of learning. It is essential to explore the influence of technological elements in mitigating attrition.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the study design and technological elements of documented digital health interventions targeted at people with MS—digital health interventions that were intended to support a program of engagement over a defined period—and to explore how these correlated with attrition among participants of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs (n=32) describing digital health self-management interventions for people with MS. We analyzed attrition in included studies, using a random-effects model and meta-regression to measure the association between potential moderators.

Results

There were no measured differences in attrition between the intervention and control arms; however, some of the heterogeneity observed was explained by the composite technological element score. The pooled attrition rates for the intervention and control arms were 14.7% and 15.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

This paper provides insight into the technological composition of digital health interventions designed for people with MS and describes the degree of attrition in both study arms. This paper will aid in the design of future studies in this area, particularly for digital health interventions of this type.