bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic assessment of the rainwater harvesting potential of schools in South Africa
Authors: Ndiritu J. G. , McCarthy S. , Tshirangwana N.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In comparison to other sources of water supply, rainwater harvesting (RWH) has the typical advantages of being cheaper and easier to operate and maintain. This study aimed at assessing the hydrologic rainwater harvesting potential of rural schools in South Africa by obtaining RWH storage capacity (level of supply) reliability relationships of representative schools. Thirty-two schools located in three rural areas that have varied rainfall characteristics were selected for the analysis. For each school, a daily time-step behaviour analysis of the rainwater harvesting system with a specified storage was carried out for a period of 101 years (over which rainfall data was available) and the number of days that the school’s daily water demand was met in each year obtained. Using the Weibull plotting position formula, the expected number of days that the demand can be met per year was then obtained for 85, 90 and 95 % reliability. For the two summer rainfall regions where a large proportion of rain falls during school holidays, the expected number of days of supply per year improved up to a storage capacity of 25 m3. For the winter rainfall region where the rainfall periods and school learning times have more co-incidence, a tank volume of 5 m3 obtained similar supply levels as larger capacities. At 90 % reliability, the supply levels for different schools in the summer rainfall area with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 800–1000 mm/year ranged from 60 to 120 days per year, while the summer rainfall region with a lower MAP (500–600 mm) gave supply levels ranging from 40 to 70 days per year. The winter rainfall area had a MAP of 500–600 mm and obtained supply levels ranging from 60 to 80 days at 90 % reliability.
A modelling framework to project future climate change impacts on streamflow variability and extremes in the West River, China
Authors: Fei Y. , Yeou-Koung T. , Liliang R.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In this study, a hydrological modelling framework was introduced to assess the climate change impacts on future river flow in the West River basin, China, especially on streamflow variability and extremes. The modelling framework includes a delta-change method with the quantile-mapping technique to construct future climate forcings on the basis of observed meteorological data and the downscaled climate model outputs. This method is able to retain the signals of extreme weather events, as projected by climate models, in the constructed future forcing scenarios. Fed with the historical and future forcing data, a large-scale hydrologic model (the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, VIC) was executed for streamflow simulations and projections at daily time scales. A bootstrapping resample approach was used as an indirect alternative to test the equality of means, standard deviations and the coefficients of variation for the baseline and future streamflow time series, and to assess the future changes in flood return levels. The West River basin case study confirms that the introduced modelling framework is an efficient effective tool to quantify streamflow variability and extremes in response to future climate change.
Risk management frameworks: supporting the next generation of Murray-Darling Basin water sharing plans
Authors: Podger G. M. , Cuddy S. M. , Peeters L. , Smith T. , Bark R. H. , Black D. C. , Wallbrink P.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Water jurisdictions in Australia are required to prepare and implement water resource plans. In developing these plans the common goal is realising the best possible use of the water resources – maximising outcomes while minimising negative impacts. This requires managing the risks associated with assessing and balancing cultural, industrial, agricultural, social and environmental demands for water within a competitive and resource-limited environment. Recognising this, conformance to international risk management principles (ISO 31000:2009) have been embedded within the Murray-Darling Basin Plan. Yet, to date, there has been little strategic investment by water jurisdictions in bridging the gap between principle and practice. The ISO 31000 principles and the risk management framework that embodies them align well with an adaptive management paradigm within which to conduct water resource planning. They also provide an integrative framework for the development of workflows that link risk analysis with risk evaluation and mitigation (adaptation) scenarios, providing a transparent, repeatable and robust platform. This study, through a demonstration use case and a series of workflows, demonstrates to policy makers how these principles can be used to support the development of the next generation of water sharing plans in 2019. The workflows consider the uncertainty associated with climate and flow inputs, and model parameters on irrigation and hydropower production, meeting environmental flow objectives and recreational use of the water resource. The results provide insights to the risks associated with meeting a range of different objectives.
Environmental equity as a criterion for water management
Authors: Grande M. , Galvão C. , Miranda L. , Rufino I.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Environmental equity is a concept derived from the (un)equal exposure to environmental degradation by different social groups, usually minorities and low-income people exposed to major environmental risks, also known as environmental justice. It is assumed that no group of people, independent of race, ethnicity or socio-economic class, should support, either in concentrated or unevenly distributed form, the negative environmental impacts resulting from industrial, agricultural, commercial and infrastructure activities or government programs and policies. In this paper the concept of environmental equity is explored as a criterion for water management through the analysis of a typical coupled human–natural system: the Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir, located in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Inefficient water resource management has caused unequal access to water by the population, particularly during drought periods. However, census data indicate that population have practically the same access to water, which actually is not able to reflect the actual picture. This study argues that environmental equity can be an additional criterion to improve water management.
Reservoirs performances under climate variability: a case study
Authors: Longobardi A. , Mautone M. , de Luca C.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. A case study, the Piano della Rocca dam (southern Italy) is discussed here in order to quantify the system performances under climate variability conditions. Different climate scenarios have been stochastically generated according to the tendencies in precipitation and air temperature observed during recent decades for the studied area. Climate variables have then been filtered through an ARMA model to generate, at the monthly scale, time series of reservoir inflow volumes. Controlled release has been computed considering the reservoir is operated following the standard linear operating policy (SLOP) and reservoir performances have been assessed through the calculation of reliability, resilience and vulnerability indices (Hashimoto et al. 1982), comparing current and future scenarios of climate variability. The proposed approach can be suggested as a valuable tool to mitigate the effects of moderate to severe and persistent droughts periods, through the allocation of new water resources or the planning of appropriate operational rules.
Rapid revegetation by sowing seed mixtures of shrub and herbaceous species
Authors: Feng J. J. , Zhang C. L. , Zhao T. N.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Fast revegetation by means of sowing seed mixture of shrub and herbaceous species is a measure to prevent bare soils from wind and water erosion. Field experiment was used to test the effect of species selection and the ratio of shrub to herbaceous species on vegetation formation and shrub growth. Results showed that herbaceous species hastened cover formation and maintained a high coverage for longer period. However, the growth of shrubs was hindered. In North China Plain or where the soil and climate are similar, the ratio of shrub to herbaceous seeds is proposed to be 6:4–7:3 (weight ratio). Among the herbaceous species tested, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. grows relatively slow so it should be mixed with other fast-growing species in the practice of rapid revegetation, and a seeding density lower than 6 g m−2 is proposed when applied; Orychophragmus violaceus O. E. Schulz. wilts when the seeds are ripe, leading to a significant decrease of coverage, so other species with different phenology should be involved when it is applied; Viola philippica Car. is a good ground cover plant, which grows fast and maintains a stable coverage form July to October, and a seeding density of 1.5 g m−2 is proposed for rapid revegetation.
Proximal Drainage plus Massage of Lacrimal Sac Improves the Symptoms of Congenital Dacryocystoceles
Authors: Chen Lin , Fang Jing
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To examine the effect of proximal drainage plus lacrimal sac massage in patients with congenital dacryocystoceles.

Methods

A retrospective review of 77 patients was performed. Traditional massage was performed in the traditional treatment group (35 patients) first. Proximal lacrimal sac drainage plus massage of the lacrimal sac using a Bangerter lacrimal cannula (defined as modified massage) was performed in the modified group (42 patients). Probing was undertaken if the treatments failed in both groups. Success rates of decompression of lacrimal sac and recovery rate were observed. The χ2 test was used to compare the groups.

Results

Success rates of decompression of lacrimal sac were 100% in the modified group and 31% in the traditional group. In the modified group, 34 patients with 37 dacryocystoceles (80%) recovered with the modified treatment within 14 days. However, in the traditional group, only 11 patients with 12 dacryocystoceles (30%) had resolution after conservative treatment. The recovery rate of the modified massage in the modified group was higher than that of massage alone in the traditional group (p<0.001). As to the individuals receiving probing, 8 patients with 9 dacryocystoceles (100%) in the modified group were successful, while 18 patients with 21 dacryocystoceles (78%) in the traditional group had a satisfying effect.

Conclusions

Proximal drainage plus massage has the advantage of high efficiency and safety for the treatment of congenital dacryocystoceles.
Current use of Ultrasound for Central Vascular access in Children and Infants in the Nordic Countries – a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Olsen Thomas C. Risom , Rimstad Ivan Jonassen , Tarpgaard Mona , Holmberg Svante , Hallas Peter
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The use of ultrasound (US) guidance for central vascular access in children has been advocated as a safer approach compared to traditional landmark techniques. We therefore collected data on the current use of US for central vascular access in children and infants in the Nordic countries.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was distributed to one anaesthesiologist at every hospital in the Nordic countries; a total of 177 anaesthesiologists were contacted from July till August 2012.

Results

The use of US for placing central venous catheters (CVCs) seems widespread across the Nordic countries. Close to 80% of respondents were using it “almost always” or “frequently” across all paediatric age groups for internal jugular vein cannulation. US was least frequently used when catheterizing the subclavian vein. The two most common reasons given when not using US were lack of training followed by lack of equipment. We found no difference in the use of US between high-volume centres and low-volume centres. (High-volume centres placed paediatric CVCs at least weekly.)

Conclusions

US was commonly used for cannulation of the internal jugular vein but infrequently for the subclavian vein. A lack of training seems to be a barrier for further increasing the use of US. Establishing standardized training programmes based on current evidence should alleviate this.
MicroRNAs and the response to injury in atherosclerosis
Authors: Natarelli L. , Schober A.
Published: January 2015

Endothelial cells (ECs) at arterial branching points are physiologically subjected to chronic damage by disturbed blood flow, which triggers a vascular wound healing response. Additional damage by hyperlipid -aemia perturbs this delicate balance of en-dothelial injury and regeneration, and the progressive accumulation of noxious modified lipoproteins leads to macrophage death. Several miRNAs such as miR-92a and miR-712, which modulate EC proliferation and inflammation, are up-regulated by disturbed flow in ECs, and contribute to atherosclerosis. In addition, reduced endothelial levels of miR-126–5p limit the regenerative capacity of ECs, which becomes apparent by insufficient endothelial repair under hyperlipidemic stress. In macrophages, miR-342–5p induces the expression of miR-155 during the progression of atherosclerosis, which promotes inflammatory gene expression and inhibits efferocytosis by targeting Bcl6, thus contributing to necrotic core formation. Deciphering the complex cell- and context-specific effects of miRNAs during vascular wound healing appears essential for the development of miRNA-based therapies of atherosclerosis.
Should climate change make us think more about the economics of forest management?
Authors: Yang Jing , McKenney Daniel W. , Weersink Alfons
Published: January 2015

Forest management agencies have budget constraints and continually face difficult questions regarding how much to invest in silviculture and when to harvest forests. Economic thought suggests these decisions should be guided by the pursuit of economic efficiency and tools like net present value (NPV) analysis. In forestry this would make use of the so-called Faustmann model and generally result in shorter rotation ages than the Maximum Sustained Yield (MSY) criterion, which is often used as a policy objective in forest management. The two approaches have caused tension and controversy between foresters and economists. Climate change is adding yet another uncertainty dimension to the forest management challenge. Global climate models suggest massive changes in climate this coming century that will surely affect forests. Here we use climate change as a backdrop to compare the MSY and Faustmann results for black spruce (Picea mariana) and white pine (Pinus strobus) in Ontario. Climate change is adding new risks to silvicultural investments. Our intent is not to “resolve” the management problem but highlight some issues and differences between the two approaches. We suggest that climate change could, or should, cause a resurgence of the debate over pursuit of intertemporal efficiency in forest management.
I Padri della Chiesa e la teologia dogmatica. Alcune considerazioni
Authors: De Navascués Benlloch Patricio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

This article offers a series of reflections on the relationship that should exist between the Church Fathers and dogmatic theology. In order not to underplay the indispensable function performed by the Fathers, a function understood in theological and not in historical terms, the dogmatic theologian must stand before them – as Irenaeus stood before the elderly Polycarp – listening and receiving from them the message that, in harmony with the Scriptures and guided by the grace of God, they ought to deepen and con-temporize.
I rapporti tra i coniugi nel pensiero dei Padri della Chiesa (I-III sec.)
Authors: Mazzucco Clementina ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

The article deals with the views of the Fathers of the Church on relations between husband and wife between the end of the first century and the end of the third century, an age that is less studied in this respect, even though it offers good documentation concerning the subject (particularly in the case of Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria). Four themes are considered: 1. adultery and separation; 2. the conjugal debt; 3. the division of tasks between husband and wife; 4. the faith life of the couple. Different opinions and often original points of view are presented in regard to the lawfulness of the second marriage, the culpability of adultery, the value of sexuality in the marriage and the wife’s subordination to her husband.
Las Actas de los mártires. Una actualización de los Documentos Sobre los Primeros Cristianos
Authors: Donet Mª Amparo Mateo ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

This paper is an update of the documents we have concerning the Acts of the Christian martyrs, focused on three main aspects: 1) the kind of acts we know of and their classification from the point of view of their historic value; 2) the versions or editions of the texts that are most accepted by scholars; 3) the relevance of the different parts that make up these documents in order to discern the original text from passages that were rewritten or underwent later variations. In this way, the article offers an exhaustive list of the documents for use in researching Christian martyrs in the Roman period.
Su Origene, Commento a Matteo 17, 1-3; 25-28
Authors: Simonetti Manlio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

This comment concerns above all the existing relationship between the Greek text that has reached us and the ancient Latin translation of Origen’s Commentary on Matthew, analyzing two passages from the XVII book; that is, the interpretations of Mt. 21,23-27 and Mt. 22, 15-22. The Greek and Latin texts are not always consistent with one another: in most cases the Latin version abbreviates or omits some passages from the Greek, but at times it reveals typical exegetical minutiae from the origenian ratio interpretandi and absent from the incomplete Greek text available to us today, as the Author clearly points out in this study.
I ministeri ecclesiastici ed il rapporto tra “temporale” e “spirituale” nell’opera di Giovanni Crisostomo
Authors: Miranda Americo ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

Ministers of the Church, whose characters were well defined in the second half of the fourth century, were more and more identified as the perfect believers. In the texts of John Chrysostom several models of “spiritual man” emerge on the basis of his personal experience and the evolution of his works: the monk, the presbyter, and the bishop. One notes that the relation of the Church to secular institutions is of greater importance in the works of Chrysostom, paying as he does particular attention to the autonomy of the Church. In an original way he refrains from criticizing political institutions, preferring to express a balanced view. He holds that a coexistence with political authorities is possible, and he urges a moral conver-gence with them. Ecclesial ministries find a more solid basis in the Chrysostom’s complex and sometimes pained statements, both in their ideal expressions and in their concrete effects on the society of the fourth century.
Augustine’s changing Thought on Sinlessness
Authors: Squires Stuart ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

This article explores Augustine’s response to the Pelagians who claimed that if one truly desired to be sinless, one could be. The standard scholarly view, as articulated by Gerald Bonner, was that Augustine’s thought during the Pelagian controversy did not change over time. However, Augustine’s thoughts on sinlessness changed over a very brief period of time. He initially admits the possibility that, through grace, some may not have sinned (in De peccatorum meritis et remissione et De baptismo parvulorum); he later retracts this view (in De perfectione iustitiae hominis), only to assert in De gestis Pelagii that he unsure. Finally, he returns to his original position (citing the canons of the Council of Carthage of 418, and arguing that all have sinned).
Outdoor Water Use: Abundant Savings, Scarce Research
Authors: Mayer Peter , Lander Paul , Glenn Diana
Published: January 2015

Outdoor water savings can be significant, but standardized methods are needed to measure and evaluate efficiency programs, and cost savings need to be documented.
La Transición española en 4.º ESO. Un estudio de caso de los significados.
Authors: Santiago Arnoso Borja
Published: January 2015

La Transición Española es uno de los principales y más controvertidos acontecimientos de la España Contemporánea. La interpretación y significación de la transición a la democracia han cambiado con el tiempo y en el ámbito educativo esta cuestión se muestra especialmente relevante.El estudio de caso aquí presentado, reveló que la Transición se encuentra, por su cronología, relegada a un lugar postrimero del temario. La celeridad en su tratamiento, por el acuciante final de curso, repercute en la escasa crítica de un contenido centrado en los hitos más relevantes subsumiendo la problemática del proceso de la Transición.Como resultado, el imaginario social sobre la Transición de los estudiantes apenas se ve modificado pudiendo afirmar que el tratamiento del tema no fomenta el cuestionamiento de la Transición y consolida una construcción hermética e idealizada.

The Spanish Transition is one of the leading and most controversial events in contemporary Spain. The interpretation and significance of the transition to democracy have changed as time went by and this issue is particularly relevant in education.The study of case here presented revealed that the transition is, by its chronology, relegated to the last place on the syllabus. The speed in their treatment, due to the pressing ending of the year, has an effect on the limited criticism about a content focused on the most pertinent milestones subsuming the issue of the transition process.As a result, the students’ social imaginary about the Transition is barely modified and it can be safely said that the treatment of the subject does not encourage to question the Transition and consolidates an idealized and closed construction.
Intelligent 3D packing using a grouping algorithm for automotive container engineering
Authors: Joung Youn-Kyoung , Noh Sang Do
Published: January 2015

Storing, and the loading and unloading of materials at production sites in the manufacturing sector for mass production is a critical problem that affects various aspects: the layout of the factory, line-side space, logistics, workers' work paths and ease of work, automatic procurement of components, and transfer and supply. Traditionally, the nesting problem has been an issue to improve the efficiency of raw materials; further, research into mainly 2D optimization has progressed. Also, recently, research into the expanded usage of 3D models to implement packing optimization has been actively carried out. Nevertheless, packing algorithms using 3D models are not widely used in practice, due to the large decrease in efficiency, owing to the complexity and excessive computational time. In this paper, the problem of efficiently loading and unloading freeform 3D objects into a given container has been solved, by considering the 3D form, ease of loading and unloading, and packing density. For this reason, a Group Packing Approach for workers has been developed, by using analyzed truck packing work patterns and Group Technology, which is to enhance the efficiency of storage in the manufacturing sector. Also, an algorithm for 3D packing has been developed, and implemented in a commercial 3D CAD modeling system. The 3D packing method consists of a grouping algorithm, a sequencing algorithm, an orientating algorithm, and a loading algorithm. These algorithms concern the respective aspects: the packing order, orientation decisions of parts, collision checking among parts and processing, position decisions of parts, efficiency verification, and loading and unloading simulation. Storage optimization and examination of the ease of loading and unloading are possible, and various kinds of engineering analysis, such as work performance analysis, are facilitated through the intelligent 3D packing method developed in this paper, by using the results of the 3D model.
Automated quality characterization of 3D printed bone scaffolds
Authors: Bill Tseng Tzu-Liang , Chilukuri Aditya , Park Sang C. , Kwon Yongjin James
Published: January 2015

Optimization of design is an important step in obtaining tissue engineering scaffolds with appropriate shapes and inner microstructures. Different shapes and sizes of scaffolds are modeled using UGS NX 6.0 software with variable pore sizes. The quality issue we are concerned is the scaffold porosity, which is mainly caused by the fabrication inaccuracies. Bone scaffolds are usually characterized using a scanning electron microscope, but this study presents a new automated inspection and classification technique. Due to many numbers and size variations for the pores, the manual inspection of the fabricated scaffolds tends to be error-prone and costly. Manual inspection also raises the chance of contamination. Thus, non-contact, precise inspection is preferred. In this study, the critical dimensions are automatically measured by the vision camera. The measured data are analyzed to classify the quality characteristics. The automated inspection and classification techniques developed in this study are expected to improve the quality of the fabricated scaffolds and reduce the overall cost of manufacturing.
Efficient point cloud data processing in shipbuilding: Reformative component extraction method and registration method
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Hiekata Kazuo , Yamato Hiroyuki , Nakagaki Norito , Sugawara Akiyoshi
Published: January 2015

To survive in the current shipbuilding industry, it is of vital importance for shipyards to have the ship components' accuracy evaluated efficiently during most of the manufacturing steps. Evaluating components' accuracy by comparing each component's point cloud data scanned by laser scanners and the ship's design data formatted in CAD cannot be processed efficiently when (1) extract components from point cloud data include irregular obstacles endogenously, or when (2) registration of the two data sets have no clear direction setting. This paper presents reformative point cloud data processing methods to solve these problems. K-d tree construction of the point cloud data fastens a neighbor searching of each point. Region growing method performed on the neighbor points of the seed point extracts the continuous part of the component, while curved surface fitting and B-spline curved line fitting at the edge of the continuous part recognize the neighbor domains of the same component divided by obstacles' shadows. The ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm conducts a registration of the two sets of data after the proper registration's direction is decided by principal component analysis. By experiments conducted at the shipyard, 200 curved shell plates are extracted from the scanned point cloud data, and registrations are conducted between them and the designed CAD data using the proposed methods for an accuracy evaluation. Results show that the methods proposed in this paper support the accuracy evaluation targeted point cloud data processing efficiently in practice.
Acerca de la transitividad de los procesos de comunicación en el discurso económico de divulgación argentino
Authors:   INCIHUSA – CONICET Argentina, Montarcé Juliana
Published: January 2015

En el marco de la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional, siguiendo el modelo de Cardiff (Fawcett, 2000, 2008, 2011, en preparación a, en preparación b), abordamos la transitividad de los procesos de comunicación en el discurso económico de divulgación en lengua española. En la gramática de Cardiff, los procesos verbales son concebidos como subconjunto de procesos mentales de cognición y presentan una configuración de tres roles participantes: Agente + Fenómeno + Cognoscente-Afectado. El Agente da información o conocimientos a un Afectado, quien, a partir de ese momento, deviene en Cognoscente, y conoce así un Fenómeno. Se asume que esos tres roles son inherentes a este tipo de procesos, es decir, están exigidos por la semántica de los verbos aunque se encuentren encubiertos y no se realicen en el nivel de la forma (Fawcett, en preparación a, en preparación b). En este trabajo, analizamos una submuestra (50 textos) de un corpus propio, denominado DIDIECO (Discurso de Divulgación Económica), compuesto por textos de periódicos argentinos, conformado según postulados de la lingüística de corpus (Biber, 1993; McEnery y Wilson, 2001; Parodi, 2010). Realizamos el análisis sintáctico de todas las cláusulas y analizamos, mediante pruebas de verificación (Fawcett, 2011), los roles participantes requeridos por el proceso y su realización en el plano léxico-gramatical. Con el corpus anotado, nos proponemos así (i) establecer criterios de pertenencia a la clase “proceso de comunicación”; (ii) evaluar las probabilidades de instanciación de cada uno de los verbos en este tipo de discurso; (iii) pormenorizar la red sistémica propuesta por Fawcett, a partir de la concepción del “léxico como una gramática de mayor refinamiento” (Halliday, 1961), y (iv) considerar la diversidad de verbos que realizan procesos de comunicación a la luz del discurso en el que se insertan.
Representación visual de la movilización estudiantil en Chile: las fotografías de las marchas como espacios de narración, actuación e identificación política
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, España, Cárdenas Neira Camila
Published: January 2015

El artículo explora la representación visual de las marchas estudiantiles suscitadas en Chile durante el 2011, con el propósito de describir los actores e identidades grupales simbolizadas, así como las acciones sociales y los modos como son legitimadas o deslegitimadas en la interacción. Se analiza un corpus fotográfico del libro Marchas (Yutronic y Ortiz, 2012), desde un marco teórico-metodológico que considera aportaciones de los Estudios Críticos del Discurso y la Semiótica Social. Se plantea que las fotografías de las marchas constituyen una narración capaz de organizar significados que estructuran formas de actuación e identificación política en oposición, excluyendo a otros participantes críticos del conflicto educativo, como las élites políticas y económicas. Se construye así un tipo de confrontación entre jóvenes y fuerzas policiales, que simplifica la lucha ideológica y refuerza estereotipos sobre grupos cuya acción, al ser objeto de una mediatización permanente, es cognitivamente reforzada. Se concluye que la narración indagada constituye una opción de representación que enfatiza el carácter histórico de la protesta estudiantil, proveyendo un espacio de visibilización de la acción juvenil postdictatorial.
Medios semióticos y definiciones multimodales en las clases de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Sociales en una escuela para jóvenes sordos1
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Manghi Haquin Dominique , Arancibia Pastene Maritza ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Illanes Pérez Oriana ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Herrera Letelier Pía ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Zamora S. María Francisca ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile)
Published: January 2015

La interacción en el aula es un fenómeno muy complejo y abordarlo desde la multimodalidad enriquece la forma de entender el panorama comunicativo entre profesores y aprendices. Esta perspectiva resulta esencial para describir lo que ocurre en un aula de estudiantes sordos y comprender el potencial semiótico de los recursos que se utilizan para enseñar y para aprender cuando el principal medio de intercambio de significados es el visual. La presente investigación es parte de un estudio mayor sobre alfabetización semiótica y su mediación en aulas escolares chilenas (Fondecyt 1130684), y tiene por objetivo la descripción multimodal de los géneros, medios y modos semióticos utilizados por dos docentes especialistas, uno de Ciencias Naturales y otro de Ciencias Sociales, con su grupo de estudiantes sordos de 8° año básico. A partir de la observación del desarrollo de una unidad didáctica se lleva a cabo un análisis multimodal del discurso. Entre los hallazgos destaca que los profesores estructuran sus clases en función del género definición, que despliegan a partir de interacción cara a cara mediante el uso de la lengua de señas junto con el uso de los medios pizarra, presentación computacional, software en línea, cuadernos y guías. En este estudio de caso, la definición funcionaría de manera visual para representar imágenes técnicas y las categorías también técnicas de la lengua dominante mediante la escritura continua y discontinua a estos jóvenes que conceptualizan el mundo desde la lógica visual de su lengua materna
La evidencialidad en la construcción de la significación histórica por estudiantes de Licenciatura de Historia1
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile), Oteíza Teresa , Dalla Porta Constanza ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile), Garrido Mabelin ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile)
Published: January 2015

Este artículo examina los mecanismos histórico- -discursivos para la construcción de la evidencialidad como parte de las explicaciones históricas utilizadas por estudiantes de Licenciatura en Historia. El corpus de la investigación lo componen 16 respuestas escritas de controles de lectura de estudiantes de primer a tercer año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Historia de diferentes cursos de historia de Chile. La metodología de investigación posee un enfoque interdisciplinario que combina teorías y métodos de alfabetización histórica y de la Lingüística Sistémico Funcional, particularmente el modelo de valoración (White, 2003; Martin y White, 2005; Martin y Rose, 2007). El artículo desarrolla las posibilidades metodológicas del sistema de compromiso con el objeto de identificar la fuente de los significados interpersonales utilizados para incorporar evidencialidad en el discurso. Los resultados de la investigación presentados en el artículo abordan los factores que inciden en el comportamiento de la evidencialidad, como la formulación de la pregunta del examen y el tipo de evidencia (fuente primaria y bibliografía secundaria). Los resultados arrojan tres tendencias predominantes en los textos: a) la utilización estratégica de heteroglosia por intravocalización de contracción dialógica, la cual es usada como manera de indicar al evaluador el conocimiento de los hechos presentados en la fuente primaria, pero sin generar una explicación más elaborada de significación histórica; b) la utilización de heteroglosia por extravocalización de Atribución de Asimilación, sin que esto implique que la incorporación de la evidencia sea de buena calidad, ya que en muchos casos se incorpora la evidencia de manera errónea y/o estratégica de los hechos; c) la utilización de recursos de heteroglosia de contracción dialógica y de monoglosia que encubren la voz de la evidencia
Spécificités des milieux urbain et rural: une étude comparative sur les résultats du projet At Home / Chez Soi au Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Nolin Danielle , Jetté Jonathan
Published: January 2015

Le site de Moncton se trouve à être la plus petite des 5 villes canadiennes participant au projet de recherche At Home / Chez Soi visant à expérimenter et évaluer le modèle Logement d'abord. Une des conséquences de cette petite taille est la proximité et l'importance de l'environnement rural. Nous avons ajouté un sous-projet rural (n = 22) au volet qualitatif pour la région de Moncton (n = 20). Nous procédons à une analyse comparative de ces 2 volets de façon à mettre en évidence les opportunités et les contraintes propres à chacun, surtout liés aux transports et à la concentration des services.
Cu Aerogel with Low Density, High Purity, and Oxidation Resistance for Bright X‐Ray Backlight
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Xiong Jun , Xu Weiwei , Shen Jun , Fan Caide , Liu Yanfeng , Shi Tengyan , Zhou Bin , Du Ai
Published: August 2024

Cu aerogel is an ideal material as the X‐ray backlight target in laser diagnosis experiments owing to its porous structure and K‐shell X‐ray emission spectrum. However, because of their poor formability and oxidation resistance, the preparation of pure Cu aerogels with nanoscale particles and pores is still difficult. In this study, a Cu aerogel is fabricated by reducing nanoporous Cu‐based aerogels and assembling Cu nanoparticles. Numerous pores ranging from 1 to 10 nm are present in the Cu aerogel, resulting in a spongy Cu aerogel for integral heating. Meanwhile, a metal passivation process is integrated into the fabrication process to prevent the oxidation of the Cu aerogel. The prepared Cu aerogel is then applied to the Shenguang‐II facility, improving integral heating when irradiated under high‐energy laser pulse irradiation. Compared with the high‐purity Cu foil reference target, the Cu aerogel target emitted nearly 18% more X‐ray energy on the K‐shell, and the noise in the L‐shell spectrum of Cu aerogel is largely restrained. These results indicate that the Cu aerogel is beneficial for the laser diagnostic experiments and essential for the X‐ray radiography in inertial confinement fusion experiments.
Self‐Encapsulated N‐Type Semiconducting Photoresist Toward Complementary Organic Electronics
Authors: Zhao Weiyu , Chen Renzhong , Zhao Lingli , Zhang Shen , Wang Xuejun , Chen Huajie , Liu Yunqi , Wei Dacheng
Published: August 2024

Semiconducting photoresists hold great promise for scale‐up manufacturing of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) for integrated organic electronics. While photolithographic p‐type OFETs have achieved a considerable balance among patterning precision, electrical properties and process stability, it remains challenging for n‐type OFETs due to the inherent limited mobility and ambient instability. Herein, a n‐type semiconducting photoresist (SPr) is developed that is compatible with photolithography procedures. By utilizing the solvent‐driven force, a self‐encapsulated blend film with gradient semiconductor phase is prepared, where the underneath transistor active layer is protected by the upper cross‐linked network, avoiding solvent erosion and air doping. As such, a mobility up to 1.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 that is comparable with amorphous Si is achieved, with remained mobility by ≈90% after long‐term exposure to developer and stripper or atmospheric conditions. The sub‐micrometer patterning accuracy of SPr enables the fabrication of organic transistor arrays with a density of 9 × 105 units cm−1, which is comparable to other state‐of‐the‐art devices fabricated by the printing or photolithography, demonstrating immense potential in integrated organic electronics.
Engineering Facet‐Dependent Interface Charge Transfer in Liquid Metal‐Embraced BiVO4 Photoelectrodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Xiangtao , Zhen Chao , Li Jianjun , Qiu Jianhang , Li Na , Jia Nan , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

Crystal facet‐dependent photogenerated charge transfer at the semiconductor/current collector interface of photoelectrodes is equally important compared to that at the semiconductor/liquid interface for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, which, however, is difficult to explore due to the rigid solid/solid interface in conventional photoelectrodes. Here, the facet‐dependent charge transfer at both semiconductor/liquid and semiconductor/collector interfaces in liquid metal‐embraced photoelectrodes is systematically investigated using faceted BiVO4 micro‐particles with different ratios of {110} and {010} facets as model materials. The results from the photo(electro)chemical and photophysical characterizations reveal that {010} facets outperform {110} facets at the semiconductor/liquid interface in triggering water oxidation due to the lower valence band maximum (VBM) of {010} facets, while {110} facets are more efficient at the semiconductor/metal interface for the collection of photogenerated electrons due to their higher conduction band minimum (CBM). Consequently, the photoelectrodes of liquid metal‐embraced BiVO4 particles exposing 53% {110} facets yield the best PEC performance for water splitting due to the well‐balanced photogenerated charge transfer at the interfaces of semiconductor/metal and semiconductor/liquid.
Balancing Graphitic Nanodomains and Heteroatom Doping in Hard Carbons Toward High Capacity and Durable Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Wang Junling , Huang Zhijiao , Zhang Wei , Li Qinghua , Liang Zhixin , Lu Jingjing , Lin Zeyu , Wang Guang , Wu Junxiong , Huang Shaoming
Published: August 2024

Hard carbons (HCs) have emerged as promising candidates for commercial anodes in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, a thorny challenge remains in achieving high reversible capacities at high charge/discharge rates, which significantly hinders the development of HCs for PIBs. Here, a temperature‐controlled strategy is proposed to effectively balance graphitic nanodomains and heteroatom doping content in HCs, resulting in widened carbon layer spacing, high conductivity, and abundant K‐ion intercalation sites. The optimized NO‐HC600 electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 315.0 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, and exceptional cyclic stability (235.0 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 2.0 A g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 98.82%). Furthermore, systematic in /ex situ experiments unveil a highly reversible “adsorption–intercalation” mechanism governing potassium‐ion storage, confirming the origin of the superior performance. This work offers valuable insights into the facile preparation of HC anodes with high reversible capacity and fast charge/discharge capability for PIBs.
A Fluorine‐Free Binder with Organic–Inorganic Crosslinked Networks Enabling Structural Stability of Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jang Junho , Ahn Junho , Ahn Jinho , Jeong Uktae , Yoon Jihee , Park Jun Kyu , Shin Woohyeon , Kang Min Jeong , Cho Min‐kyung , Kang Dong Jun , Kim Jongsoon , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Im Hyeon‐Gyun
Published: August 2024

Although the high‐energy Ni‐rich layered cathodes suffer from undesirable surface reactions with the electrolyte, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder has a limitation on surface stabilization because of its weak affinity and low adhesion/cohesion. Here, it is demonstrated that the novel fluorine‐free and hydroxyl‐rich siloxane nanohybrid (SNH) binder can enhance the electrochemical performances of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (NCM811) via successful surface stabilization. The high silanol content in the SNH binder enhances the affinity to both NCM811 and conductive agent, facilitating uniform electron/ion pathways with high mass loading, improved shear thinning, and superior mechanical properties. Moreover, the fluorine‐free organic‐inorganic hybrid structure prevents the dissolution of transition metals, active material structural changes, and electrolyte interaction, leading to greatly enhanced cyclability of the SNH‐based NCM811 electrode (≈81.9% in half‐cell; ≈87.82% in full‐cell after 200 cycles) compared to PVDF‐based NCM811 electrode (≈58.8% in half‐cell; ≈61.24% in full‐cell after 200 cycles). Various analyses also indicate that the application of the fluorine‐free SNH binder successfully stabilizes both the surface and bulk structure of the NCM811 cathode during charge/discharge. The binder design represents a straightforward yet highly effective approach to achieving remarkably prolonged cyclability in lithium‐ion batteries, surpassing the performance of other fluorine‐based or polymer‐based binders.
p–d Orbitals Coupling Heterosites of Ni2P/NiFe‐LDH Interface Enable O─H Cleavage for Water Splitting
Authors: Ge Zi‐Qi , Li Jingwei , Zhang Hui‐Jian , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: August 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production still faces a bottleneck due to sluggish reactive kinetics and high reactive energy barriers. Herein, p–d orbital coupling P–Fe heterosites are constructed at Ni2P–FeNi‐LDH interfaces to enhance the O─H bond cleavage of reaction intermediates H2O* and OH* for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. The Ni2P/NiFe‐LDH heterostructure shows superior HER and OER activities for alkaline water splitting with overpotentials of 230 and 270 mV at 100 mA cm−2, respectively, and even exhibits high activity for electrocatalytic alkaline seawater splitting. The interaction of P 2p and Fe 3d orbitals at Ni2P–FeNi‐LDH interfaces upshifts the d‐band center of Fe and downshifts the p‐band center of P. This finding not only facilitates the dissociation of O─H bonds in H2O and promotes the Volmer–Heyrovsky step for HER, but also reduces the energy barrier for the rate‐determining step of OER from OH* to O* transition. This work proposes a new approach to constructing p–d heterosites at heterojunctions to facilitate reactive kinetics and reduce the energy barrier for electrocatalysis.
Boosted Chirality Transfer in 2D Perovskites through Structural Isomer‐Driven Halogen–Halogen Interaction
Authors: Son Jaehyun , Jang Gyumin , Ma Sunihl , Lee Hyungsoo , Lee Chan Uk , Yang Seongyeon , Lee Junwoo , Moon Subin , Jeong Wooyong , Park Jeong Hyun , Kim Jiweon , Kim Dong Ha , Park Ji‐Sang , Moon Jooho
Published: August 2024

Chiral perovskites are promising materials due to their unique ability to interact with circularly polarized light (CPL), offering great potential in advanced photonic and spintronic applications. However, specific design principles for highly chiroptically active chiral perovskites remain unclear, hindering their practical exploitation. In this study, chiral cation fluorinated isomerization approach is employed to enhance the chiroptical response of chiral perovskites. Specifically, it is systematically discovered that incorporating ortho‐fluorinated chiral cations instead of para‐fluorinated cations induces a strong organic–inorganic halogen–halogen interaction due to the unique spatial arrangement. This boosted chirality transfer, mediated by the strong halogen–halogen interaction, resulting in a fivefold improvement in the circular dichroism compared to its para‐fluorinated counterpart. Consequently, a CPL photodetector utilizing the ortho‐fluorinated chiral perovskite exhibited superior CPL distinguishability of 0.288, the highest value among 2D lead‐iodide perovskite‐based devices. Furthermore, the photodetector incorporating these structural isomers demonstrated extended operational stability as well as high photodetecting performance.
Unraveling the Capacitive Behaviors in Nanoconfined Ionophilic Carbon Pores
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Cai Congcong , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang , Fan Hong Jin
Published: August 2024

Intensifying the synergy between confined carbon nanopores and ionic liquids (ILs) and a deep comprehension of the ion behavior is required for enhancing the capacitive storage performance. Despite many theoretical insights on the storage mechanism, experimental verification has remained lacking due to the intricate nature of pore texture. Here, a compressed micropore‐rich carbon framework (CMCF) with tailored monolayer and bilayer confinement pores is synthesized, which exhibits a compatible ionophilic interface to accommodate the IL [EMIM][BF4]. By deploying in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, the effect of the pore textures on ions storage behaviors is elucidated. A voltage‐induced ion gradient filling process in these ionophilic pores is proposed, in which ion exchange and co‐ion desorption dominate the charge storage process. Moreover, it is established that the monolayer confinement of ions enhances the capacity, and bilayer confinement facilitates the charging dynamics. This work may guide the design of nanoconfinement carbon for high‐energy‐density supercapacitors and deepen the understanding of the charge storage mechanism in ionophilic pores.