bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicit bias in referrals to relational psychological therapies: review and recommendations for mental health services
Authors: Mandangu Chenai , Ramos Anne Millicent , Sengupta Mohona , Bender Rosslyn , El-Hayani Reem , Hasan Ifrah , Okechukwu Hannah , Anas Shafeena , Havsteen-Franklin Dominik
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Timely and appropriate psychological treatment is an essential element required to address the growing burden of mental health issues, which has significant implications for individuals, society, and healthcare systems. However, research indicates that implicit biases among mental health professionals may influence referral decisions, potentially leading to disparities in access to relational psychological therapies. This study investigates bias in referral practices within mental health services, identifying key themes in referral procedures and proposing recommendations to mitigate bias and promote equitable access.

Methods

A systematic review of literature published between 2002 and 2022 was conducted, focusing on biases, referral practices, and relational psychological therapies. The search strategy involved full-text screening of studies meeting inclusion criteria, specifically those examining professional and organizational implicit bias in mental health referrals. Thematic synthesis was employed to analyze and categorize bias within these domains, providing a structured framework for understanding its impact on referral decision making processes.

Results

The search yielded 2,964 relevant papers, of which 77 underwent full-text screening. Ultimately, eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the review. The analysis revealed that bias development mechanisms in referral decisions occurred across five key domains: resource allocation, organizational procedures, clinical roles, decision-making, and referral preferences. These domains highlight organizational and practitioner-level factors contributing to disparities in access to psychological therapies.

Discussion

Findings suggest that implicit biases within referral processes can limit equitable access to psychological therapies, particularly relational therapies that emphasize therapeutic alliance and patient-centered care. This study provides recommendations to address these biases, including standardized referral guidelines, enhanced professional training on implicit bias, and improved oversight mechanisms within mental health services.
Sociodemographic disparities in influenza vaccination among older adults in United States
Authors: Tao Huan , Chen Jin , Zhang Xue , Wang Tao , Jiang Nenggang , Jia Yongqian
Published: February 2025

Background

Influenza vaccination uptake among United States adults aged 65 years or older remains suboptimal and stagnant. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of influenza vaccination and examine sociodemographic disparities within a nationally representative sample.

Methods

This study is a cross-sectional study. We used the data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System spanning the years 2011 to 2022. Logistic regression models were used to assess potential associations between influenza vaccination uptake and sociodemographic characteristics. Concentration indexes were also calculated to measure the socioeconomic inequalities on influenza vaccination uptake.

Results

The study included 1,391,440 adults aged 65 years and older, with 62.87% reporting having received an influenza vaccination. The weighted prevalence of influenza vaccination uptake showed a slight increase, ranging from 59.05% in 2011–2013 to 67.49% in 2020–2022. Higher vaccination rates were observed among non-Hispanic Whites [63.16%; odds ratio (OR) 1.38, (95% CI 1.33–1.42)], individuals with education above high school [63.89%; OR 1.16, (95% CI 1.12–1.19)], and those with an income above $50,000 [65.86%; OR 1.47, (95% CI 1.43–1.50)]. Compared to non-Hispanic Black people with an income below $25,000 and education less than high school, the ORs were significantly higher among non-Hispanic whites [2.12, (95% CI 1.97–2.28)], non-Hispanic Black people [1.30, (95% CI 1.18–1.44)], and Hispanics [1.40, (95% CI 1.24–1.59)] earning above $50,000 and education above high school. Those who received an influenza vaccination tended to be concentrated in the high-income group and high-education group.

Conclusion

There are substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities in influenza vaccination uptake among individuals aged 65 years or older. Health policy maybe urgently needed to reduce these avoidable inequalities.
Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels in children and adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ulloque-Badaracco Juan R. , Alarcon-Braga Esteban A. , Hernandez-Bustamante Enrique A. , Von-Koeller-Jones Beatrix M. , Huayta-Cortez Miguel , Saavedra-Custodio Esduardo , Herrera-Añazco Percy , Benites-Zapata Vicente A.
Published: February 2025

Background and aims

Childhood and adolescent obesity is a global public health concern. Obesity induces several metabolic disturbances. Several studies have explored the association of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine (Hcy) with obesity. This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding the differences in serum levels of vitamin B12, Hcy, and folate among children or adolescents with and without obesity.

Methods

A random-effects meta-analysis using the Sidik-Jonkman method and corrected 95% confidence interval (CI) using the truncated Knapp-Hartung standard errors was used for all meta-analyses. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with the corresponding 95% CI was used as the only effect size. The Cochran’s Q test and the I2 statistic were used to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger test.

Results

Twenty studies were included with a combined study population of 7,791 patients. There were no significant differences between children/adolescents with and without obesity with respect to serum vitamin B12 levels (SMD: −0.24; 95% CI: −0.53 to 0.06; p > 0.05, I2 = 74.93%) and folate levels (SMD: −0.12; 95% CI: −0.29 to 0.06; p > 0.05, I2 = 19.6%). However, children/adolescents with obesity had significantly higher Hcy levels compared to counterparts without obesity (SMD: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.14; p < 0.001, I2 = 86.4%).

Conclusion

Children and adolescents with obesity had higher Hcy levels than those without obesity. However, no significant differences were found for vitamin B12 and folate levels. Hcy may play a role in the development of obesity in this population.
Demystifying death: a qualitative study using the behavior change wheel framework to explore the palliative care education experiences of doctors, nurses, and community residents
Authors: Yang Guodong , Wang Renxiu , Zhao Jun , Ding Kaiwen , Xu Longhui , Liu Yue , Han Xiaoxuan , Zhang Chao , Xu Cuiping
Published: February 2025

Objective

To explore the palliative care education experiences of doctors, nurses, and community residents.

Methods

A semi-structured interview was conducted with 2 doctors, 8 nurses and 9 community residents in Jinan. Content analysis and behavior change wheel theory were used to analyze the interview content.

Results

Motivation: The road to be taken; Emotional touch of personal experiences; Prepare early; Not now. Capability: Multiple cognition; Need for a topic catalyst; Trust bias; Disconnect between learning and application; Treading on thin ice. Opportunity: Willing but unable; The Need for a larger voice and greater participation.

Conclusion

Community palliative care education requires greater attention. Community residents exhibit diverse perceptions and attitudes toward palliative care, reflecting the influence of personal experiences and sociocultural factors. Innovating the content and format of educational resources and enhancing education for community residents and medical staff will facilitate palliative care.
Perceptions of anti-racism efforts and mental health among students in higher education in the United States
Authors: Oh Hans , Karcher Nicole R. , Besecker Megan , DeVylder Jordan E. , Lincoln Karen D.
Published: February 2025

Background

Anti-racism efforts are imperative for campus communities, yet little is known about whether perceiving their presence on campuses relates to a range of mental health outcomes among students.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study 2020–2021 (N = 110,203). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the associations between perceptions of anti-racism efforts and several mental health outcomes.

Results

Individuals who disagreed that their schools combatted racism in their campus communities had significantly greater odds of mental health problems (depression, anxiety, psychotic experiences, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, perceived need for help, and loneliness), and lower odds of flourishing when compared with those who strongly agreed with the statement. For most outcomes, we observed an apparent dose–response association.

Conclusion

Perceiving the presence of anti-racism efforts on campuses was inversely associated with mental health problems, calling for more research to test the effects of anti-racism efforts on mental health.
The forgotten link: how the oral microbiome shapes childhood growth and development
Authors: Tjandrawinata Raymond Rubianto , Amalia Nurlinah , Tandi Yosi Yohanes Putra , Athallah Ariq Fadhil , Afif Wibowo Caesaroy , Aditya Muhammad Reva , Muhammad Athaya Rahmanardi , Azizah Maghfira Rahma , Humardani Farizky Martriano , Nojaid Ammar , Christabel Jeremy Alvaro , Agnuristyaningrum Alfi , Nurkolis Fahrul
Published: February 2025

Childhood stunting, defined as impaired linear growth and development, remains a significant global health challenge with long-term consequences on cognitive and physical well-being. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of the oral microbiome—a dynamic microbial ecosystem—in influencing nutritional status, immune response, and overall systemic health. This review explores the intricate interplay between the oral microbiome and stunting, emphasizing mechanisms such as microbial dysbiosis, its impact on nutrient absorption, and immune modulation. Disruptions in the oral microbiome can lead to nutrient malabsorption and systemic inflammation, further exacerbating growth impairments in children. Furthermore, the potential for microbiome-targeted diagnostics and interventions, including probiotics and prebiotics, offers novel strategies to address stunting. A deeper understanding of these interactions may inform innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating stunting through oral microbiome modulation. Integrating oral microbiome research into stunting prevention efforts could provide valuable insights for public health strategies to improve child growth and development, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular pathways linking the oral microbiome to stunting and developing personalized interventions that optimize microbiome health in early life.
Expression of CSTF2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with immune infiltration and poor prognosis
Authors: Aierken Zumulaiti , Muhetaer Muertiza , Lei Zhang , Abudourousuli Ainiwaerjiang
Published: February 2025

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent and devastating malignancy of the oral cavity that profoundly affects patient survival and quality of life (QOL). Cleavage Stimulation Factor Subunit 2 (CSTF2) is known to influence tumor development across multiple cancer types. However, its specific association with patient prognosis and immune cell infiltration in OSCC remains insufficiently understood.

Methods

To assess the expression levels and prognostic implications of CSTF2 in OSCC, comprehensive data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and subsequently normalized. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays was performed to analyze CSTF2 expression in the OSCC samples. Differences in CSTF2 expression between OSCC and adjacent non-cancerous samples were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Functional enrichment analyses have been performed to identify biological pathways and functions associated with CSTF2. The relationship between the infiltration of various immune cells and CSTF2 expression levels was assessed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Ultimately, the prognostic significance of CSTF2 was evaluated through Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, in conjunction with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, as well as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

High CSTF2 expression was observed in OSCC and associated with unfavorable clinicopathological variables, including histological grade and lymphnode neck dissection. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that CSTF2 plays a role in epidermal development and differentiation, immunoglobulin complexes, peptidases and endopeptidase inhibitor activity, and cytochrome P450 metabolic processes. Additionally, the overexpression of CSTF2 exhibited a negative correlation with the infiltration of immature dendritic cells (iDCs), cytotoxic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Notably, elevated CSTF2 expression is significantly associated with reduced patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Elevated CSTF2 expression in OSCC is associated with poor prognostic outcomes, highlighting its capacity to function as an innovative prognostic biomarker and a target for therapeutic interventions.
Exploring the changing of name as a socio-cultural adaptation strategy of the Javanese Diaspora in Sabah Borneo—Malaysia
Authors: Widodo Sahid Teguh , Suyatno Suyatno , Mohamad Bahtiar , Ismail Shafinar
Published: February 2025

This research explores the evolution of personal names within the Diaspora Jawa Sabah (DJS) community, focusing on how historical events, social changes, and cultural practices have influenced DJS names, particularly after Sabah joined Malaysia in 1963. Using content analysis and in-depth interviews, the study investigates the migration history and cultural factors shaping the linguistic aspects of DJS names in Sabah. The findings reveal four key points: (1) the distinct migration histories of Javanese people to Sabah compared to the Malaysian Peninsula, (2) the impact of historical, social, and cultural phenomena on DJS names before and after 1963, (3) the transformation of DJS names into modern Malay Islamic names reflecting personal aspirations, and (4) the collective cultural and ideological shifts within the DJS community. This research contributes to the understanding of personal names as a reflection of cultural identity, illustrating the dynamic relationship between linguistic forms and broader social, historical, and cultural contexts. The study enhances the theoretical and practical knowledge of naming practices as indicators of societal changes within the DJS community.
Assessment of trade-off balance of maize stover use for bioenergy and soil erosion mitigation in Western Kenya
Authors: Jindo Keiji , Ghaffari Golaleh , Lamichhane Manisha , Lazarus Asher , Sawada Yoshito , Langeveld Hans
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Kakamega Forest, Kenya's last tropical rainforest, faces threats from escalating demands for firewood, charcoal, and agricultural expansion driven by population growth. Sustainable resource management is critical, with maize stover—a common lignocellulosic crop residue—proposed as a source for biogas and bioslurry production. However, its removal raises concerns about soil fertility and erosion control. This study evaluates the trade-off between maize stover's use for energy generation and its role in soil erosion mitigation in Western Kenya, considering biophysical conditions and households' socio-economic status.

Methods

Socio-economic data were collected from 91 households to assess energy usage. Soil erosion was quantified using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). High-resolution remote sensing, self-organizing maps (SOM), and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) were integrated for annual field condition monitoring. A decision-tree machine learning model identified farm characteristics favorable for maize stover use in biogas production.

Results

Larger households were found to consume more energy per capita, while proximity to forests did not significantly influence firewood or charcoal consumption. Maize yields were significantly associated with land preparation methods (tractor, oxcart, or manual plowing; p < 0.001) and field size (p < 0.05). Remote-sensing data indicated that the distance between homesteads and fields impacted crop growth status. RUSLE analysis revealed that soil erosion was more strongly influenced by landscape features than by soil properties or farming practices.

Discussion

The integration of SOM-HMM and microsatellite data improved field monitoring and data accuracy, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in Kakamega. These findings highlight the complex trade-offs between maize stover utilization for energy production and its role in maintaining soil health, emphasizing the need for balanced resource management strategies.
Exploring the Mystery of Relational Capital in an Organizational Context
Authors: Rivera Angel Eustorgio , Rivera-González Gibrán , Escamilla-García Pablo Emilio , Carrillo Gamboa Javier
Published: February 2025

The relational perspective is a fundamental theoretical approach to understanding the actions of humans and organizations as they interact with others to survive. The concept of relational capital is used in management and strategic literature to highlight the importance of agents’ interdependence. This paper aims to identify the dimensions of relational capital and their variables within the intraorganizational context, analyzing the importance of organizational management. This is qualitative research. Participant observation, 27 face-to-face semi-structured interviews, and principles of grounded theory were used to collect and analyze qualitative data. By breaking down RC into a more comprehensive concept, this study offers clear evidence of the identification and definition of two-dimensional, multivariable relational capital. Although these two dimensions and their variables are analytically separate, in this research, it is recognized that, in fact, they are highly interrelated. The research can be beneficial for those interested in the improvement of our organizations and society through the development and maintenance of mutual gain relationships over time.
Effects of Microplastics on Bioavailability, Persistence and Toxicity of Plant Pesticides: An Agricultural Perspective
Authors: Tang Kuok Ho Daniel
Published: February 2025

Microplastic–pesticide interactions influence pesticide performance, soil health, and environmental safety. This review aims to comprehensively present the effects of microplastic–pesticide interactions on pesticide bioavailability, persistence, and toxicity, along with their agricultural implications on pest control. It reviews more than 90 related articles from established scholarly databases. Most studies indicate that pesticide bioavailability decreases in the presence of microplastics due to adsorption, which is frequently influenced by the hydrophobicity (log Kow) of the pesticides and the surface area and type of microplastics. Higher log Kow results in higher adsorption and lower bioavailability. Aged microplastics have higher surface areas for adsorption, thus reducing pesticide bioavailability. This decreases the effectiveness of systematic and contact pesticides. Lower bioavailability leads to less adsorption of the former by plants to control pest infestation and less contact of the latter with pests in the soil to kill them directly. Higher pesticide adsorption also increases the persistence of pesticides, as indicated by their extended degradation half-lives. However, some studies demonstrate that biodegradable microplastics, especially the aged ones, have less effect on pesticide persistence because they release pesticides for degradation when they break down. Few studies on how microplastics alter pesticide toxicity on target organisms are available, but the available ones point to potentially higher toxicity on crops and beneficial soil organisms. Overall, the review highlights a significant negative effect of microplastics on pesticide bioavailability. This may prompt the application of more pesticides to achieve the desired level of crop protection, which bears cost and environmental consequences.
The Effects of Sowing Density and Timing on Spike Characteristics of Durum Winter Wheat
Authors: Berski Wiktor , Ziobro Rafał , Gorczyca Anna , Oleksy Andrzej
Published: February 2025

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat. In this study, the physical properties of ears and kernels of durum winter wheat were evaluated, focusing on the effects of sowing date and density. Understanding these properties is crucial for assessing the quality and technological utility of wheat. Three winter varieties of wheat, Komnata, Pentadur, and Auradur, were cultivated in the Małopolska Voivodeship of Poland. Two sowing dates (optimal and delayed) and three sowing densities (400, 500, and 600 kernels/m2) were employed. Significant variations in morphological traits—including plumpness, uniformity, density, and kernel dimensions—were analyzed. The results indicated that while the sowing date significantly influenced spike characteristics and grain yields, the sowing density had minimal effects. For example, plants sown earlier produced longer spike rachis and higher grain yield, reflecting the correlation between sowing time and spike development. This study highlights that grain plumpness varied significantly due to sowing dates, with delayed sowing yielding higher plumpness percentages. However, the overall volumetric weight of the grains was lower than the standard, indicating suboptimal growing conditions in Małopolska. Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of selecting appropriate sowing dates for optimal developmental outcomes in durum wheat, particularly under atypical growing conditions. Moreover, the results obtained partially indicate that worse physical spike biometry parameters can, to some extent, play a role in determining better quality of grain yield.
Correction: Loiko, N.; Islam, M.N. Plant–Soil Microbial Interaction: Differential Adaptations of Beneficial vs. Pathogenic Bacterial and Fungal Communities to Climate-Induced Drought. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1949
Authors: Loiko Nataliya , Islam M. Nazrul
Published: February 2025

In the publication [...]
Distribution Patterns and Ecological Determinants of Suitable Habitats for the Dhole (Cuon alpinus) in China
Authors: Yang Yuangang , Luo Peng , Zhao Yu , Zhang Tongzuo , Jiang Feng , You Zhangqiang
Published: February 2025

As a keystone predator within forest ecosystems, the dhole (Cuon alpinus) plays a pivotal role in shaping the population structure and dynamics of these biomes. In China, dhole populations have experienced a dramatic decline, primarily due to habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and other historical factors. However, the distribution patterns of suitable habitats and the key environmental factors influencing their suitability remained unclear. In this study, we employed the MaxEnt model to assess the habitat suitability for dholes across China. The results revealed that the primary factors influencing the distribution of potential suitable habitats for dholes were the mean diurnal range (Bio2), temperature seasonality (Bio4), minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6), and elevation. Potentially suitable habitats were predominantly located in the central-western and northwestern regions, with scattered distributions in the southeastern parts of China, while areas of high suitability were mainly concentrated in the central-western region. The proportion of suitable habitats varied significantly among the nine provinces analyzed. This study clarified the distribution patterns of suitable habitats and identified the key environmental constraints affecting dhole distribution in China. The findings provide critical ecological data to support the conservation and management of dholes in the region.
The Effects of Combined Stress from pH and Microplastic-Derived Odours on the European Green Crab Carcinus maenas’s Olfactory Behaviour
Authors: Ohnstad Hannah , Burnett Jonathan , Hardege Jörg D.
Published: February 2025

Ocean acidification (OA) associated with climate change is expected to lower the ocean’s pH by 0.5 units by 2100. Whilst associated effects such as coral bleaching and shell calcification are well documented, lesser-known impacts are the ‘invisible’ effects on animal sensory systems. Olfactory disruption impacts the behaviour towards chemical cues in many marine species, including crustaceans. We examine the effects of microplastic odour and additional stressors on the European green crab C. maenas. Using uridine diphosphate (UDP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) as a sex pheromone bouquet, glutathione (GSH) as a food cue, and polyethylene (PE) as plastic odour, cues were mixed with carboxycellulose to create slow-release gels. Crabs were exposed to gels in seawater pH values of 8.2, 7.6, and 7.2. Crabs took longer to react to all odours in reduced pH conditions (pH 8.2 to pH 7.2, p = 0.0017). At a low pH, PE-exposed crabs exhibited attraction towards microplastic odour and changed behavioural responses by burying. The study confirms low pH as disruptive to olfaction and highlights that plastic derivatives can become more bioactive at reduced pH levels, potentially increasing the threat posed by microplastic pollution. Further research is required to determine the potential long-term impacts of the combined threat of microplastics and reduced pH in the environment.
The Public Perception of Zoophilic Acts in Hungary
Authors: Vetter Szilvia , Szilassi Beáta , Ózsvári László
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess public perceptions and knowledge of, and attitudes towards, zoophilia in Hungary. Conducted between October and December 2021 with 1753 respondents, the survey revealed significant interest and concern regarding zoophilia. The majority (98.3%) of respondents deemed zoophilia to be unacceptable from both health and animal welfare perspectives. Of those surveyed, 98.9% believed that animals possess dignity, and 84.7% felt that zoophilia negatively impacts this dignity. However, awareness of Hungarian legislation on zoophilia was limited, with 38.9% of respondents unaware that such acts are legally prohibited. The survey also highlighted a strong consensus (98.2%) favoring strict penalties for zoophilia. Additionally, the survey uncovered that 14% of respondents had encountered or heard of zoophilic incidents, involving various animals, predominantly dogs. Gender and settlement type significantly influence attitudes toward zoophilic acts, with women and people in capital and major cities being more aware of the legal prohibition and more supportive of strict sanctions. The results underscore a crucial need for enhanced public education on legal standards and ethical considerations regarding zoophilia and suggest a significant gap in understanding and managing the issue, necessitating further research and legislative reforms.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Bacillus Strains as Prophylactic Agents Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Chen You-Jia , Tsai Chia-Fang , Hsu Chin-Wei , Chang Hui-Wen , Liu Je-Ruei
Published: February 2025

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), particularly the highly virulent G2b strains, has inflicted substantial economic losses on the global swine industry. This study evaluated the prophylactic effects of three Bacillus strains—B. amyloliquefaciens LN, B. licheniformis CK, and B. velezensis AC—against PEDV infection using in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro experiments with Vero cells demonstrated that B. amyloliquefaciens LN increased cell viability, reduced PEDV-N expression, and modulated proinflammatory cytokine responses. In vivo, piglets supplemented with B. amyloliquefaciens LN exhibited alleviated diarrhea symptoms, suppression of fecal viral RNA shedding to below the detection limit, and restoration of gut microbiota balance by increasing Bacteroidetes and reducing Proteobacteria abundance. Mechanistic studies indicated that the measured interferon (IFN)-related genes were not significantly influenced in this study, suggesting that the protective effects of B. amyloliquefaciens LN may involve the modulation of inflammatory responses and the inhibition of viral replication through reduced PEDV-N expression. This study illustrates the potential of using B. amyloliquefaciens LN as a feed additive to prevent PEDV infection.
Continental vs. Insular: Demographic and Growth Patterns in Acanthodactylus schreiberi
Authors: Kara Büşra , Yıldız Mehmet Zülfü , Yalçınkaya Deniz , Altunışık Abdullah
Published: February 2025

This study examines the demographic parameters, body size, survival rates, and growth dynamics of Acanthodactylus schreiberi populations in continental (Botaş, Türkiye) and insular (Dipkarpaz, Northern Cyprus) habitats to understand how ecological constraints influence life-history traits. By integrating skeletochronological and morphometric analyses, we identified significant interpopulation differences. The continental population exhibited broader age ranges, higher survival rates, and less restricted growth, likely due to greater resource availability. In contrast, the insular population showed life-history variations associated with limited resources, including smaller body sizes, lower survival rates, and distinct growth patterns. Sexual dimorphism was more pronounced in the insular population, with males exhibiting higher growth rates. These findings suggest that habitat size, resource availability, and isolation shape demographic and morphological traits, highlighting the evolutionary and ecological pressures in different environments. The results underscore the need for conservation strategies tailored to these unique populations, particularly in the face of environmental changes.
Experimental Simulation Investigation on Slab Buckling Rockburst in Deep Tunnel
Authors: Ren Chao , Sun Xiaoming , He Manchao , Liu Dongqiao
Published: February 2025

The relationship between slabbing failure and rockburst has become a hot issue in rockburst research. In this paper, the experimental system of impact rockburst is used to conduct a simulation experiment of rockburst induced by slab failure on metamorphic sandstone samples taken from the deep-buried horseshoe-shaped tunnel in Gaoloushan, with “pan-shaped” rockburst pits on site and laboratory simulation experiments, which prove the rationality of the experimental results of rockburst. The quantitative analysis of the displacement field in the process of the slab buckling rockburst is carried out, which shows that the slab structure will undergo a long period of gestation before its formation, and the formation of the slab structure will accelerate the occurrence of rockburst. This type of rockburst has attenuation characteristics in the process of rockburst; in addition, the phenomenon of “slab buckling circle” is found. The generation of the “slab buckling circle” and the formation of slab buckling cracks are inconsistent, which is a time-lagged fracture in engineering. The relationship between the rupture parameters of rockburst disaster rock mass and time shows a compound exponential growth relationship, revealing that the mechanism of the slab buckling rockburst can be regarded as the result of the combined action of shear crack and tension crack, which plays a leading role, reflecting the characteristic of progressive fracture development. It is a typical progressive fracture-induced instability rockburst model, which is a strain-lag rockburst.
Criteria for Route Evaluation of Automated Buses
Authors: Beckmann Sönke , Zadek Hartmut , Trojahn Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Automated buses are a component of future mobility concepts. However, these vehicles will only realize their full potential when they are highly automated, without a driver on board, and operate on public roads. In addition to the further development of vehicle technology, the planning of automated bus deployment represents an important field of research. The selection of suitable routes is influenced by various criteria related to infrastructure, road users, and the environment. There is limited literature on the criteria for the route evaluation of automated vehicles, and specifically, no studies exist concerning automated buses. To address this research gap and determine the weighting of these criteria, expert interviews and a case study were conducted. The expert interviews were utilized to identify the criteria that influence the operation of automated buses. Furthermore, the weighting of these criteria was determined, facilitating their prioritization. The case study examined the extent to which these criteria could be derived from publicly available data. With the criteria catalog developed in this work, transport authorities and transport companies will be able to assess entire operational areas regarding the deployment of automated buses and prioritize suitable routes at an early planning stage.
A Road Extraction Algorithm for the Guided Fusion of Spatial and Channel Features from Multi-Spectral Images
Authors: Gao Lin , Zhang Yongqi , Jiao Aolin , Zhang Lincong
Published: February 2025

In the road extraction task, for the problem of low utilization of spectral features in high-resolution remote sensing images, we propose a Multi-spectral image-guided fusion of Spatial and Channel Features for road extraction algorithm (SC-FMNet). The method is designed with a two-branch input network structure including Multi-spectral image and fused image branches. Based on the original MSNet model, the Spatial and Channel Reconstruction Convolution (SCConv) module is introduced in the coding part in each of the two branches. In addition, a Spatially Adaptive Feature Modulation Mechanism (SAFMM) module is introduced into the decoding structure. The experimental results in the GF2-FC and CHN6-CUG road datasets show that the method can better extract the road information and improve the accuracy of road segmentation, which verify the effectiveness of SC-FMNet.
Using Multiple-Hop Assessments and Reactive Strength Indices to Differentiate Sprinting Performance in Sportsmen
Authors: Sharp Anthony , Neville Jonathon , Nagahara Ryu , Wada Tomohito , Cronin John
Published: February 2025

Multiple-hop tests are commonly used in both performance and rehabilitation settings to assess neuromuscular function. This study aimed to explore the relationship between hop performance and sprint ability. Specifically, it focused on three goals: (1) examining the connection between 3-Hop and 5-Hop distances and sprint performance and comparing the strength of relationship between hop kinetics and sprint times; (2) investigating two methods of calculating the 3-Hop and 5-Hop Reactive Strength Indexes (RSIhors) and their relationship to sprinting; and (3) assessing whether hop ratios or kinetic variables could distinguish sprinters of varying abilities. Forty-four male sportsmen participated, completing 3-Hop and 5-Hop tests and sprint times (5–45 m) over 54 inground force platforms. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were collected during hop trials and horizontal and vertical hop propulsive and braking kinetics were determined. Results showed strong negative correlations between hop distances and sprint times (r = −0.700 to −0.796), while kinetic variables showed weaker relationships with sprint performance (r = −0.554 to 0.017). RSIhor, derived from hop distance, correlated more strongly with sprint performance than RSIhor from flight time. Hop ratios (5-Hop/3-Hop) did not differentiate fast from slow sprinters, and maximal vertical force and horizontal propulsive impulse were the best predictors of 10 m and 40 m sprint times. These findings suggest that hop distance and RSIhor are valuable tools for assessing sprint performance and reactive strength.
Investigating the Effects of Ground-Transmitted Vibrations from Vehicles on Buildings and Their Occupants, with an Idea for Applying Machine Learning
Authors: Mikielewicz Marta , Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska Anna , Jankowski Robert
Published: February 2025

Vibrations observed as a result of moving vehicles can potentially affect both buildings and the people inside them. The impacts of these vibrations are complex, affected by a number of parameters, like amplitude, frequency, and duration, as well as by the properties of the soil beneath. These factors together lead to various effects, from slight disruptions to significant structural damage. Occupants inside affected buildings may experience discomfort, disrupted sleep patterns, and increased stress levels due to the pervasive nature of vibrations. Low-frequency vibrations, typically ranging from 5 to 25 Hz, are of particular concern since they can exacerbate these effects by resonating with internal human organs. To effectively mitigate these issues, a comprehensive approach is required, starting with some interventions at the source. This may involve strategic choices in road construction materials and advancements in vehicle design to reduce the transmission of vibrations through the ground to the surrounding environment. Understanding the complexities of vibration dynamics is essential in urban planning, serving as a fundamental consideration in the development of modern infrastructure that prioritizes the well-being and safety of its inhabitants. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to consider artificial neural networks to assess the potential impact of traffic-induced vibrations on a building’s residents. The results of the study indicate that the proposed method of utilizing machine learning can be effectively applied for such purposes.
Impact of Seed Priming Technologies on the Agronomical Characteristics of Lathyrus sativus L. Commercial and Local Variety Under Normal and Saline Conditions
Authors: Goufa Maria , Petraki Angeliki , Katsis Christos , Balestrazzi Alma , Calvio Cinzia , Kharga Nitesh , Chachalis Demosthenis , Bebeli Penelope J. , Tani Eleni
Published: February 2025

One of the main abiotic factors affecting agricultural productivity in semi-arid regions is salinity. Seed priming is a frequently used method to enhance plant growth under saline environments. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the differences in eight agronomical characteristics of two grass pea varieties under two salinity regimes (80 and 160 mM NaCl) when pre-exposed to seed priming (hydropriming, biopriming with Bacillus subtilis and their combination). The two varieties responded well to the priming treatments, with more beneficial effects monitored for the local variety. Evaluating the root characteristics that are most affected by stress, it was found that, at 80 mM NaCl, the combination of biopriming and hydropriming increased the fresh root weight by 36.8% and root length by 70% in the commercial variety, and by 124% and 47%, in the local variety, respectively. At 160 mM NaCl, biopriming increased the fresh root weight by 40.3% and root length by 50.3% in the commercial variety, while in the local variety, the combination of biopriming and hydropriming increased the fresh root weight by 124% and root length by 47%, respectively. Overall, biopriming and the combination of biopriming and hydropriming significantly enhanced plant growth characteristics of the two grass pea genotypes.
Effects of Different Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Addressing the Agriculture Climate Interactions in Temperature Regions of Yield
Authors: Yu Feng , Noor Hafeez , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Noor Fida
Published: February 2025

Agricultural productions are deeply affected by the phenological changes, especially in Shanxi Province, where Southern Shanxi is the main production area of winter wheat. Studying the phenological changes of this region and clarifying the effects of varieties and sowing dates on the phenological characteristics of southern Shanxi can be used for efficient introduction and scientific sowing. We have analyzed the meteorological datasets, phenological period data, and crop management data of seven observation points in the main winter wheat producing areas of Shanxi Province from 1992 to 2021. Trend analysis was used to analyze the time variation trend of various meteorological factors from 1992 to 2021. These results showed that the growth period was mainly advanced, especially in Changzhi and Yuncheng. The sensitivity analysis showed that the growth period of most sites were positively correlated with the sensitivity of various climate factors. Except for jointing to heading stage, the sensitivity of the duration of other growth stages to average temperature was positive, indicating that high temperature had an effect on effective vernalization and early reproductive growth of winter wheat. The modeling results showed that the growth period of winter wheat in Shanxi showed a trend of delay from sowing to ripening, and the sensitivity to temperature showed an increasing trend from sowing to ripening, while the sensitivity to precipitation was the opposite. Meanwhile, an earlier sowing date will make winter wheat develop earlier in warm climate conditions, requiring attention to cold prevention after winter. It is recommended to plant YH-20410 or YH-805 as suitable varieties in the Yuncheng area. In the future, this area can also moderately introduce new varieties with high heat requirements, which can, to some extent, offset the negative impacts of climate change.
Small-Sample Battery Capacity Prediction Using a Multi-Feature Transfer Learning Framework
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Yang Xianbin , Wang Xinhong , Shi Yu , Wang Jing , Yao Yiwen , Gao Xuefeng , Xie Haicheng , Chen Siyan
Published: February 2025

The accurate prediction of lithium-ion battery capacity is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of battery systems. Although data-driven approaches have demonstrated effectiveness in lifetime prediction, the acquisition of lifecycle data for long-life lithium batteries remains a significant challenge, limiting prediction accuracy. Additionally, the varying degradation trends under different operating conditions further hinder the generalizability of existing methods. To address these challenges, we propose a Multi-feature Transfer Learning Framework (MF-TLF) for predicting battery capacity in small-sample scenarios across diverse operating conditions (different temperatures and C-rates). First, we introduce a multi-feature analysis method to extract comprehensive features that characterize battery aging. Second, we develop a transfer learning-based data-driven framework, which leverages pre-trained models trained on large datasets to achieve a strong prediction performance in data-scarce scenarios. Finally, the proposed method is validated using both experimental and open-access datasets. When trained on a small sample dataset, the predicted RMSE error consistently stays within 0.05 Ah. The experimental results highlight the effectiveness of MF-TLF in achieving high prediction accuracy, even with limited data.
Autism Data Classification Using AI Algorithms with Rules: Focused Review
Authors: Alsbakhi Abdulhamid , Thabtah Fadi , Lu Joan
Published: February 2025

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents challenges in early screening due to its varied nature and sophisticated early signs. From a machine-learning (ML) perspective, the primary challenges include the need for large, diverse datasets, managing the variability in ASD symptoms, providing easy-to-understand models, and ensuring ASD predictive models that can be employed across different populations. Interpretable or explainable classification algorithms, like rule-based or decision tree, play a crucial role in dealing with some of these issues by offering classification models that can be exploited by clinicians. These models offer transparency in decision-making, allowing clinicians to understand reasons behind diagnostic decisions, which is critical for trust and adoption in medical settings. In addition, interpretable classification algorithms facilitate the identification of important behavioural features and patterns associated with ASD, enabling more accurate and explainable diagnoses. However, there is a scarcity of review papers focusing on interpretable classifiers for ASD detection from a behavioural perspective. Thereby this research aimed to conduct a recent review on rule-based classification research works in order to provide added value by consolidating current research, identifying gaps, and guiding future studies. Our research would enhance the understanding of these techniques, based on data used to generate models and obtain performance by trying to highlight early detection and intervention ways for ASD. Integrating advanced AI methods like deep learning with rule-based classifiers can improve model interpretability, exploration, and accuracy in ASD-detection applications. While this hybrid approach has feature selection relevant features that can be detected in an efficient manner, rule-based classifiers can provide clinicians with transparent explanations for model decisions. This hybrid approach is critical in clinical applications like ASD, where model content is as crucial as achieving high classification accuracy.
Determining Ligand Binding and Specificity Within the β2-Integrin Family with a Novel Assay Platform
Authors: Sommer-Plüss Carla Johanna , Leiggener Céline , Nikci Elira , Mancuso Riccardo Vincenzo , Rabbani Said , Lamers Christina , Ricklin Daniel
Published: February 2025

The family of the β2-integrin receptors is critically involved in host defense and homeostasis, by mediating immune cell adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Due to their key roles in immune surveillance and inflammation, their modulation has been recognized as an attractive drug target. However, the development of therapeutics has been limited, partly due to the high promiscuity of endogenous ligands, their functional responses, and gaps in our understanding of their disease-related molecular mechanisms. The delineation of the molecular role of β2 integrins and their ligands has been hampered by a shortage of validated assay systems. To facilitate molecular and functional studies on the β2-integrin family, and to enable screening of modulators, this study provides a uniform and validated assay platform. For this purpose, the major ligand-binding domains (αI) of all four β2 integrins were recombinantly expressed in both low- and high-affinity states. By optimizing the expression parameters and selecting appropriate purification tags, all αI-domain variants could be produced with high yield and purity. Direct binding studies using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed the expected activity and selectivity profiles of the recombinant αI domains towards their reported ligands, validating our approach. In addition, the SPR studies provided additional insights into ligand binding, especially for the scarcely described family member CD11d. Alongside characterizing endogenous ligands, the platform can be employed to test pharmacologically active compounds, such as the reported β2-integrin antagonist simvastatin. In addition, we established a bead-based adhesion assay using the recombinant αI domains, and a cell-based adhesion assay underlining most findings generated with the isolated αI domains. Interestingly, the binding of ligands to the recombinant αDI is not dependent on divalent cation, in contrast to the full integrin CD11d/CD18, suggesting a binding mode distinct of the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). The setup highlights the applicability of recombinant αI domains for first screenings and direct or competitive interaction studies, while the full integrin is needed to validate those findings.