bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Soccer (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Soccer (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: DiStefano Lindsay J. , Dann Catie L. , Chang Cindy J. , Putukian Margot , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Currie Dustin W. , Knowles Sarah B. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: October 2018

Context: 

The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's soccer injury data.

Objective: 

To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' soccer in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's soccer in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design: 

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting: 

Online injury surveillance from soccer teams in high school girls (annual average = 100) and collegiate women (annual average = 52).

Patients or Other Participants: 

Female high school and collegiate soccer players who participated in practices or competitions during the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), injury proportions by body site, and diagnoses were calculated.

Results: 

The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 3242 time-loss injuries during 1 393 753 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 5092 time-loss injuries during 772 048 AEs. Injury rates were higher in college than in high school (6.60 versus 2.33/1000 AEs; IRR = 2.84; 95% CI = 2.71, 2.96), and during competitions than during practices in high school (IRR = 4.88; 95% CI = 4.54, 5.26) and college (IRR = 2.93; 95% CI = 2.77, 3.10). Most injuries at both levels affected the lower extremity and were ligament sprains or muscle/tendon strains. Concussions accounted for 24.5% of competition injuries in high school but 14.6% of competition injuries in college. More than one-third of competition injuries to high school goalkeepers were concussions.

Conclusions: 

Injury rates were higher in college versus high school and during competitions versus practices. These differences may be attributable to differences in reporting, activity intensity, and game-play skill level. The high incidence of lower extremity injuries and concussions in girls' and women's soccer, particularly concussions in high school goalkeepers, merits further exploration and identification of prevention strategies.
Die betekenis van die filosofie vir die teologie volgens Barth en Paul Tillich
Authors: Van Zyl F.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: Presentation and management – a clinical perspective
Authors: Smilg Pamela
Published: October 2018

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign breast condition of collagen proliferation. In this article, four cases are presented in series to illustrate the varying clinical presentations of PASH at mammography and sonography, as well as the vastly differing age groups that can be affected. A literature review of the aetiology, pathology and management of PASH is included to provide a comprehensive but succinct overview of the condition, what it is and how to recognise and manage it.
The role of plastic and reconstructive surgeon in trauma care: Perspectives from a Level 1 trauma centre in India
Authors: Singhal Maneesh , Naalla Ravikiran , Dave Aniket , De Moumita , Gupta Deepti , Chauhan Shashank
Published: October 2018

Background: As the morbidity and mortality due to trauma are ever increasing, there is proportionally growing need of trauma care facilities across the country. In the context of expanding designated trauma care facilities, the role of plastic and reconstructive surgeon needs to be analysed and defined at least at a Level 1 trauma centre. Materials and Methods: We included the patients who were operated under the department of plastic, reconstructive & burns surgery at a Level 1 urban trauma centre between January 2016 and December 2017. We analysed the demographic data and categorised operative data according to anatomical areas and interacting specialties. Results: A total of 1539 procedures were performed under the division of plastic reconstructive and burn surgery. Amongst them, 81% were male, and 19% were female. Mean age was 27.3 years (range: 3–90 years). The anatomical locations treated were upper limb (49%), lower limb (35%), head and neck (8%) and trunk (8%). Interdepartmental cases were 600 and majority of them were in collaboration with orthopaedics (n = 298), general surgery (n = 163), neurosurgery (79) and maxillofacial surgery (60). Conclusion: There is a significant role of plastic surgeon at a Level 1 trauma centre in India. The plastic surgeon's interventions are limb saving and sometimes lifesaving, many at times morbidity of post-traumatic sequelae are either prevented or treated. Along with other core specialties involved in the management of trauma, plastic surgeons play an integral role in a Level 1 trauma centre. The policymakers should take note to augment the number of plastic surgeons at a Level 1 apex trauma centre on par with other specialties, as the workload is heavy and is steadily on an increasing trend.
Application of embryonic equivalents in male-to-female sex reassignment surgery
Authors: Thalaivirithan Balakrishnan Margabandu , Sethu Maithreyi , Ramachandran Dinesh Karuvakkurichi , Kandasamy Mahadevan , Janardhanam Jaganmohan
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The feeling of incongruence between phenotypic sex and psychological recognition of self-gender is termed gender dysphoria. Transsexualism is the most extreme form of this disorder. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate the esthetic and functional outcome of embryonic equivalents-based male-to-female sex reassignment surgery in transwomen using the institutional scoring system. Materials and Methods: Thirty transwomen who had undergone male-to-female embryonic equivalents-based sex reassignment surgery (MFEEbSRS) from October 2012 to March 2016 were retrospectively studied. The outcome was evaluated by two independent plastic surgeons, based on interview with the individuals, visual assessment, and measurements. Surgical Technique: Clitoris was created from reduced glans on dorsal penile pedicle mounted on the crura of the conjoined corpora cavernosa. De-gloved unfurled proximal penile skin formed the introitus, hood for clitoris and labia minora. Neo-external urethral meatus was fashioned from the distal portion of the bulbar urethra. Distal de-gloved inverted penile tube flap was used for the creation of neovagina. Reduced scrotal flaps formed the labia majora. Observation and Results: The maximum length of neovagina in the study was 12 cm, and the average length was 9.8 cm. Based on our institutional scoring system for the assessment of esthetic and functional outcome, we got excellent results in all transwomen. Conclusion: The esthetic and functional outcome in all the patients was good. All patients were relieved of their primordial feminine tension and satisfied with the surgery. Their personality, lifestyle, and self-esteem improved remarkably following surgery.
Autogenous control augmentation system – A refinement in diced cartilage glue graft for augmentation of dorsum of nose
Authors: Swaroop Gambhir Singh , Reddy J. Sasidhar , Mangal Mahesh Chand , Gupta Anubhav , Nanda Bheem Singh , Jhunjhunwala Nikhil
Published: October 2018

Background: In the context of different grafts being used for dorsal augmentation, diced cartilage with glue has gained worldwide acceptance. Aims: To develop a system of tools to objectively evaluate the desired dimensions of the required graft for dorsal augmentation and to prepare a corresponding customized-glued-diced cartilage construct. Materials and Methods: A modification of the diced cartilage glue technique called Autogenous control augmentation system (ACAS) was used in ten patients. Results: Of the ten patients, in which this technique was used, eight underwent primary rhinoplasties and two underwent secondary rhinoplasties between July 2017 and December 2017 with a follow-up ranging from 3 to 8 months. In all the cases, the dorsum is straight, and height is maintained. Conclusion: The technique has all the advantages of the diced cartilage glue. The shape resembles alloplastic implant with height and width varying from radix to tip. There is tapering of the cephalic and caudal ends for more natural results. The brow tip aesthetic lines are better defined. The limitation of this study is short follow up.
Brachioradialis to flexor digitorum profundus tendon transfer to restore finger flexion
Authors: Srikanth R. , Rayidi Koteswara Rao , Kakumanu Subha
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The main deformity following an adult lower brachial plexus injury is the loss of finger flexion. Distal nerve transfers have been used to restore finger and thumb flexion followed by tendon transfers for intrinsic replacement for opening of the fingers. When patients present beyond 6 months, only tendon transfers are applicable. Since the brachioradialis (BR) is always spared in such injuries, it is the ideal muscle to provide finger flexion. Wrist extensor power may not be normal for the use of the radial wrist extensor to serve as donor. BR to FDP transfer provides reasonable flexion range and an acceptable hand function to permit activities of daily living, when associated with ancillary procedures like opponensplasty, PIPJ arthrodesis. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients underwent a BR to FDP tendon transfer between January 2013 and January 2017 of which eight patients came for follow-up. Results: Four of the eight patients got a functionally useful hand to carry out activities of daily living with hook grip, span grasp, key pinch, chuck grip and pulp pinch. These patients also underwent simultaneous or secondary ancillary procedures. Four of the patients need secondary procedures to further improve functionality of the hand inspite of having a flexion range. Conclusion: The BR is an effective donor in providing adequate range and power of finger flexion in lower plexus injuries.
Transverse cervical vascular pedicle: It's extended use as ‘second-line’ recipient vessels in thoracic and upper arm reconstructions in addition to head-and-neck reconstructions
Authors: Muppireddy Srijana , Ravula Parvathi , Rangachari Srikanth , Shaik Najma , Maaturu Sushma
Published: October 2018

Background: Selection of recipient vessels is one of the key factors for a successful microvascular reconstruction. Non-availability of primary recipient vessels in the vicinity necessitates surgeon to approach a remote second-line vascular access. Transverse cervical vessels (TCV) have been described as second-line vascular access for head-and-neck reconstructions. Due to its location, their use can be extended to the proximal chest and upper arm reconstructions. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyse the reliability of TCV as second-line recipient vessels for the upper arm and chest reconstructions in addition to the head-and-neck reconstructions. Materials and Methods: During 2010–2017, 14 TCV were explored as the choice of second-line recipient pedicle for specific indications. Clinical experience with different reconstructions discussed. Results: Out of 14 transverse cervical arteries, 13 were of adequate size for anastomosis. About 12 successful reconstructions were performed involving the head and neck (7), proximal thorax (3) and upper arm (2) for indications such as scarring from different aetiology (8), previous free flaps (2) and sacrificed vessels (2). In one case, the arterial anastomosis was shifted to superior thyroid artery. All the chest and upper arm reconstructions needed a realignment of the pedicle without any kink. Transverse cervical vein (TCv) could be used only 5/14 times either alone or along with external jugular vein (EJV). In other cases, EJV alone was used. All the 12 flaps survived without any vascular event. Conclusions: Transverse cervical vessels are reliable second-line recipient vessels in the head and neck; in addition, they are of use in the upper arm and proximal chest defects.
Дифференциальные формы на нульмерных особенностях
Authors: Aleksandrov Aleksandr Grigor'evich
Published: October 2018

В статье обсуждаются некоторые вопросы теории деформаций нульмерных особенностей, которые тесно связаны с изучением свойств дифференциальных форм и комплекса Пуанкаре-де Рама, исследуются кокасательные гомологии и когомологии нульмерных особенностей, вычисляются основные аналитические инварианты для некоторых типов таких особенностей, а также подробно разбирается целый ряд интересных примеров и приложений.
Интегральные характеристики волновых пакетов в задаче об эволюции волновой функции на одномерной решетке
Authors: Likhachev Vladimir Nikolaevich , Vinogradov George A
Published: October 2018

Рассмотрена квантовая динамика переноса заряда на решетке в приближении сильной связи. Аналитически вычисляются интегральные характеристики распространяющегося по решетке волнового пакета. Основное внимание уделено вычислению среднего и среднеквадратичного смещений. Также получены выражения для моментов более высоких порядков, которые выражаются в виде рядов для квадратов функций Бесселя, что может представлять самостоятельный интерес.
Симметрия и классификация уравнения Дирака-Фока
Authors: Shapovalov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: October 2018

Рассмотрены свойства уравнения Дирака-Фока, обладающего дифференциальными операторами симметрии первого порядка. Описаны ковариантные свойства уравнения Дирака в произвольном римановом пространстве $V_4$ с сигнатурой $(-1, -1, -1, 1)$ для релятивистской частицы в электромагнитном поле. Приведен общий вид дифференциального оператора симметрии первого порядка и дана характеристика пары таких операторов, коммутирующих друг с другом; перечислены все пространства, в которых свободное уравнение Дирака допускает хотя бы один дифференциальный оператор симметрии первого порядка; проведена симметрийная классификация тензоров электромагнитного поля; построены полные наборы операторов симметрии.
Les joueurs pathologiques en traitement sont-ils un groupe homogène? Différences selon la concomitance d’un trouble d’utilisation d’une substance
Authors: Ferland Francine , Blanchette-Martin Nadine , Savard Annie-Claude , Vézina Émilie , Légaré Andrée-Anne , Champagne Alexandra , Baillargeon-Lemieux Haniel , Giroux Isabelle , Garceau Pascal
Published: October 2018

Cette étude compare les profils sociodémographiques et cliniques de joueurs pathologiques en traitement dans un centre public de réadaptation en dépendance selon qu’ils présentent ou non un trouble lié à l’utilisation d’une substance (TUS) au moment de leur entrée en traitement. Les évaluations d’admission des joueurs requérant un traitement dans un centre public de réadaptation en dépendance ont été utilisées. Les joueurs (N = 322) ont été répartis en deux groupes mutuellement exclusifs, soit le groupe Jeu sans TUS (n = 190) et le groupe Jeu avec TUS (n = 132). Il était attendu que les profils sociodémographiques des deux groupes de joueurs pathologiques différeraient et que le groupe Jeu avec TUS présenterait un profil clinique plus sévère que le groupe Jeu sans TUS. Les analyses indiquent que le groupe Jeu avec TUS présente des besoins d’intervention plus importants sur les plans professionnel, judiciaire, psychologique et relationnel, en plus de se distinguer sur le plan sociodémographique. Toutefois, le groupe Jeu sans TUS présente quant à lui des besoins d’intervention plus importants concernant les habitudes de jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA). Les auteurs discutent des implications de ces différences dans les profils cliniques, en considérant les cibles d’intervention à prioriser.This study compared the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of pathological gamblers in treatment at a public dependence rehabilitation centre. The gamblers (N = 322) were divided into two mutually exclusive groups based on their entry assessments, which evaluated if they presented with a concurrent substance abuse disorder (SAD) at the onset of treatment. The groups were as follows, Gambling without SAD (n = 190) and Gambling with SAD (n = 132). It was expected that the sociodemographic profiles of the two groups of pathological gamblers would differ, with the Gambling with SAD group presenting a more severe clinical profile than the Gambling without SAD group. Analyses indicate that the Gambling with SAD group has a greater need for professional, legal, psychological and relational intervention, as well as differences on the sociodemographic level. However, the Gambling without SAD group has a greater need for intervention concerning their gambling and gaming habits,. The implication of these differences in the clinical profiles is discussed in relation to the intervention targets to prioritize.
Masculine Gendered Space
Authors: Foley Annette
Published: October 2018

This paper draws on a programme of research examining the benefit of men’s sheds in the Australian context. Firstly, the author clears some contentious ground regarding women’s disadvantage and equality and acknowledges the position that has been made by feminists relating to the implications of unequal distribution of materials and resources and puts forward a case that uneven distribution of resources cannot only restrict many women but also some men. The author examines men’s health status in Australia and drawing from a programme of research discusses the link between men’s shed involvement and health and wellbeing benefits. The paper makes use of Sen’s Capabilities Approach to put forward the case that men’s sheds in the Australian context provide a space where enabling capabilities developed through meaningful activities can benefit men relating to health and wellbeing outcomes.
The Menkiti-Gyekye conversation: framing persons
Authors: Amato Peter
Published: October 2018

Ifeanyi Menkiti’s “Person and Community in African Traditional Thought” is criticized from the standpoint that the author assumes a dichotomous framework taken over in his decision to articulate the African view of the person in the idiom of modern philosophy. Kwame Gyekye’s critique of Menkiti in “Person and Community in AfricanThought” is also scrutinized to see if it manages to break free from this framework. I conclude by calling for a departure from quasi-scientific approaches to human nature and experience that attempt to apprehend culture from a position without culture.Keywords: Menkiti, Gyekye, Personhood, Community, Persons
Language, thought, and interpersonal communication: a cross-cultural conversation on the question of individuality and community
Authors: Agada Ada , Egbai Uti Ojah
Published: October 2018

The ongoing debate among African philosophers on the relation of the individual and the community has spawned radical, moderate, and limited communitarian views. In this paper we will insert the question of interpersonal communication into the individual-community conundrum and raise the discourse to the level of cross-cultural engagement. We will highlight the dominant perspectives in Afro-communitarianism with particular emphasis on the Ghanaian philosopher Kwame Gyekye and the Nigerian philosopher Ifeanyi Menkiti. Expanding the discourse into the domain of intercultural/comparative philosophy, this paper will engage Gyekye and Menkiti’s Afro-communitarianism and Jean-Paul Sartre’s radical individualism and the resulting conflictual presentation of interpersonal relation. The paper adopts the conversational method.Keywords: Ifeanyi Menkiti, Kwame Gyekye, Afro-communitarianism, community, individual, Jean-Paul Sartre
De la invención a la obra. Diálogos de arquitectura con Francisco Leiva / grupo aranea
Authors: Calduch Cervera Juan , Leiva Ivorra Franciso
Published: October 2018

Introducción al diálogo El dibujo y la arquitectura.
A atuação do Grupo Mercado Comum frente à criminalidade organizada transnacional. The performance of the Common Market Group in relation to transnational organized criminality
Authors: Kesikowski Sabrina Cunha , Winter Luis Alexandre Carta , Gomes Eduardo Biacchi
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuação do Grupo Mercado Comum frente à criminalidade organizada transnacional, considerando que esta constitui uma das maiores ameaças à economia, à política, à segurança e, em última análise, às sociedades modernas globalizadas em geral. Nessa perspectiva, buscou-se responder a seguinte indagação: de que maneira a atuação do Mercosul, por meio do Grupo Mercado Comum, contribui para o enfrentamento do crime organizado transnacional? Utilizando os métodos dedutivo e histórico, e as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com a análise de livros, artigos científicos e dissertações sobre o assunto, bem como das Resoluções do Grupo Mercado Comum, dos Protocolos, Convenções e Acordos vigentes no âmbito do Mercosul, e da legislação brasileira, examinou-se, em um primeiro momento, o crime organizado transnacional e a sua estreita relação com a globalização, tendo em vista que este fenômeno, ao contribuir para o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas lícitas, também propiciou o avanço das organizações criminosas e sua atuação em escala global. Em seguida, abordou-se o Grupo Mercado Comum, órgão executivo do Mercosul, e suas Resoluções, estabelecendo relação de conexão entre elas e algumas medidas adotadas no Brasil para combater às organizações criminosas transnacionais, verificando que tais Resoluções orientam os Estados Partes do Mercosul para a cooperação jurídica internacional. Por fim, examinou-se a cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal, a qual é regulada pelo Protocolo de Assistência Jurídica Mútua em Assuntos Penais, denominado de Pacto de San Luís, concluindo que este instituto consiste em importante instrumento de enfrentamento do crime organizado transnacional, visto que facilita a investigação e o julgamento de delitos que ultrapassam a competência territorial dos países, e, portanto, deve ser promovido e incentivado no âmbito do Mercosul.
The potential effects of climate change on air quality across the conterminous US at 2030 under three Representative Concentration Pathways
Authors: Nolte Christopher G. , Spero Tanya L. , Bowden Jared H. , Mallard Megan S. , Dolwick Patrick D.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The potential impacts of climate change on regional ozone (O3) and
fine particulate (PM2.5) air quality in the United States (US) are
investigated by linking global climate simulations with regional-scale
meteorological and chemical transport models. Regional climate at 2000 and
at 2030 under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) is simulated by
using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to downscale 11-year
time slices from the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The downscaled
meteorology is then used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)
model to simulate air quality during each of these 11-year periods. The
analysis isolates the future air quality differences arising from
climate-driven changes in meteorological parameters and specific natural
emissions sources that are strongly influenced by meteorology. Other factors
that will affect future air quality, such as anthropogenic air pollutant
emissions and chemical boundary conditions, are unchanged across the
simulations. The regional climate fields represent historical daily maximum
and daily minimum temperatures well, with mean biases of less than 2 K for most
regions of the US and most seasons of the year and good representation of
variability. Precipitation in the central and eastern US is well simulated
for the historical period, with seasonal and annual biases generally less
than 25 %, with positive biases exceeding 25 % in the western US throughout
the year and in part of the eastern US during summer. Maximum daily 8 h
ozone (MDA8 O3) is projected to increase during summer and autumn in
the central and eastern US. The increase in summer mean MDA8 O3 is
largest under RCP8.5, exceeding 4 ppb in some locations, with smaller
seasonal mean increases of up to 2 ppb simulated during autumn and changes
during spring generally less than 1 ppb. Increases are magnified at the upper
end of the O3 distribution, particularly where projected increases in
temperature are greater. Annual average PM2.5 concentration changes
range from −1.0 to 1.0 µg m−3. Organic PM2.5
concentrations increase during summer and autumn due to increased biogenic
emissions. Aerosol nitrate decreases during winter, accompanied by lesser
decreases in ammonium and sulfate, due to warmer temperatures causing
increased partitioning to the gas phase. Among meteorological factors
examined to account for modeled changes in pollution, temperature and
isoprene emissions are found to have the largest changes and the greatest
impact on O3 concentrations.
Electromagnetic field observations by the DEMETER satellite in connection with the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake
Authors: Bertello Igor , Piersanti Mirko , Candidi Maurizio , Diego Piero , Ubertini Pietro
Published: October 2018

Abstract. To define a background in the electromagnetic emissions above seismic
regions, it is necessary to define the statistical distribution of the wave
energy in the absence of seismic activity and any other anomalous input (e.g.
solar forcing). This paper presents a completely new method to determine both
the environmental and instrumental backgrounds applied to the entire DEMETER
satellite electric and magnetic field data over L'Aquila. Our technique is
based on a new data analysis tool called ALIF (adaptive local iterative
filtering, Cicone et al., 2016; Cicone and Zhou, 2017; Piersanti et al.,
2017b). To evaluate the instrumental background, we performed a multiscale
statistical analysis in which the instantaneous relative energy
(ϵrel), kurtosis, and Shannon entropy were
calculated. To estimate the environmental background, a map, divided into
1∘×1∘ latitude–longitude cells, of the averaged
relative energy (ϵrel‾), has been constructed,
taking into account the geomagnetic activity conditions, the presence of
seismic activity, and the local time sector of the satellite orbit. Any
distinct signal different (over a certain threshold) from both the
instrumental and environmental backgrounds will be considered as a case event
to be investigated. Interestingly, on 4 April 2009, when DEMETER flew exactly
over L'Aquila at UT = 20:29, an anomalous signal was observed at 333 Hz
on both the electric and magnetic field data, whose characteristics seem to
be related to pre-seismic activity.
Grazing related nitrous oxide emissions: from patch scale to field
scale
Authors: Voglmeier Karl , Six Johan , Jocher Markus , Ammann Christof
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Grazed pastures are strong sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The quantification of the emissions is challenging due to the strong spatial and temporal variability of the emission sources and therefore emission estimates are very uncertain. This study presents N2O emission measurements of two grazing systems in western Switzerland over the grazing season 2016. Two herds of dairy cows were kept in an intensive rotational grazing management. The diet for the cows consisted of different protein to energy ratios resulting in different N excretion rates. The N in the excretion was estimated by an animal budget model taking into account the measurements of feed intake, milk yield and body weight of the cow herds. Excreta patches and background surfaces on the pasture were identified manually after different grazing rotations and the magnitude and temporal pattern of the single emission sources were measured with a Fast-box (FB) chamber. The field scale fluxes were quantified using two eddy covariance (EC) systems. The FB measurements were finally up-scaled to the field and compared to the EC measurements for quality control by using EC footprint estimates of a backward Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model. Neglecting emission periods influenced by fertilizer applications resulted in significant higher system emissions (960 ± 219 g N2O-N, or 25 %) for the full grazing regime (system G) compared to the system with the N balanced diet (system M). Relating the found emissions to the excreta N resulted in grazing related EFs of 1.24 ± 0.20 % for system M and 1.36 ± 0.26 % for system G. The found grazing related EFs were thus significantly smaller compared to the EF of 2 % of the IPCC guidelines. Disaggregating the up-scaled fluxes into single contributors showed that urine patch emission dominated the field scale fluxes (57 %), followed by significant background emissions (38 %) and only a small contribution of dung patch emission (5 %). The resulting EFs of 1.13 ± 0.3 % and 0.17 ± 0.04 % for urine and dung indicates the need to disaggregate the grazing related EFs by excreta type. The study also highlights the advantage of an N optimised diet which resulted in reduced N2O emissions on the system level.
FLOOD FORECASTING METHOD BASIS AS FLOOD MONITORING PROGRESS OF MEKONG RIVER
Authors: Chen G. , Ruan W. , Zhao J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In this paper, used MODIS satellite image (MOD13) for monitoring the progress of flood in Mekong River Basin and testing the flood forecasting method for the Mekong Delta in flooding stage of 2015. The results showed that (80% reliability): MODIS image can be used to monitor the progress of flood in large areas of the Mekong River Basin. There was a close relationship between enhanced vegetation index EVI, land surface water index LSWI with growth status of plants and surface water of the flood. Risk flood maps during the flood season of the study area were established as the basis for developing the flood forecasting method applied to the Mekong Delta. With accuracy about 91%, this flood forecast method opened a new direction for researching about environmental disasters using the resource of satellite image at low cost. Therefore, it should use these images for monitoring the process, forecasting flood capability and other related fields in combination with other types of vegetation indices.
THE INFLUENCE OF BACKGROUND ERROR COVARIANCE OF GSI THREE-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION ON METEOROLOGY AND AEROSOL PREDICTION
Authors: Hu Y. , Zhang M. , Liang Y. , Ye L. , Zhao D. , Zang Z.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Background error covariance (BEC) plays a key role in a variational data assimilation system. It determines variable analysis increments by spreading information from observation points. In order to test the influence of BEC on the GSI data assimilation and prediction of aerosol in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, a regional BEC is calculated using one month series of numerical forecast fields of November 2017 based on the National Meteorological Center (NMC) method, and compared with the global BEC.The results show that the standard deviation of stream function of the regional BEC is larger than that of the global BEC. And the horizontal length-scale of the regional BEC is smaller than that of the global BEC, white the vertical length-scale of the regional BEC is similar with that of the global BEC. The increments of the assimilation experiment with the regional BEC present more small scale information than that with the global BEC. The forecast skill of the experiment with the regional BEC is higher than that with the global BEC in the stations of Beijing, Tianjin, Chengde and Taiyuan, and the average root-mean-square errors (RMSE) reduces by over 13.4%.
DIFFERENCES IN AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CORRESPONDING RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF HAZE EVENTS BETWEEN SUMMER AND WINTER IN A MEGA-CITY OF CENTRAL CHINA
Authors: Jin S. , Ma Y. , Jin Y. , Guan Y. , Zhang M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Aerosol optical properties and corresponding radiative effect (ARE) in ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave (SW) during haze periods between winter and summer of Wuhan were compared. With the development of haze, the average aerosol optical depth (AOD) increased from 0.34 to 0.79 in winter and from 0.64 to 1.36 in summer. The aerosol volume size distribution (ASD) showed that obvious increases in fine mode particles in both winter and summer with haze occurring. The single scattering albedo (SSA) increased significantly in both seasons as a result of the emergence of numerous non-absorbent aerosols when haze occurred. The ARE at UV, VIS, NIR, and SW changed in winter (summer) from −8.29 W/m2 to −10.88 W/m2 (−8.32 W/m2 to −11.06 W/m2), from −43.26 W/m2 to −66.04 W/m2 (56.33 W/m2 to −76.94 W/m2), from −21.90 W/m2 to −44.57 W/m2 (−31.36 W/m2 to −48.67 W/m2), and from −73.46 W/m2 to −119.49 W/m2 (−8.32 W/m2 to −11.06 W/m2) respectively, when air conditions changed from clear to hazy. The variations in ARE fraction of UV, VIS, and NIR in SW depended much more on particle size rather than SSA. The ARE fraction of UV and VIS decreased while it of NIR increased in SW, when haze developed. Back trajectory analysis with active fire areas from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) indicated that the BC originated from the North in summer, while active fires in winter were rare.
SATELLITE-BASED CHINA’S PM2.5 POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED PREMATURE MORTALITY MEASUREMENT OVER PAST TWO DECADES
Authors: Li S. , Zou B. , You J. , Fang X. , Zhao X. , Yao X.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Assessments of the burden of air pollution at the national scale over long-term of time in China would help government managers control historic health impacts of air pollution and institute measures to avoid these risks in future. We took a new 0.01° × 0.01° satellite-based PM2.5 dataset to analyse spatial and temporal trends of PM2.5 associated premature mortality in China from 1998 to 2017. Results showed that national PM2.5 related deaths from STK, IHD, COPD, LC and ALRI increased from approximately 0.89 million cases in 1998 to the peak of 1.34 million in 2014 and steady declined to 1.17 million cases in 2017. The health burden exhibited strong spatial variations, with high attributable deaths concentrated in regions such as Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Guangdong, et al. Changing trends varied from different provinces such as Shandong increased mostly, and Sichuan showed a significant decreasing trend. Meanwhile, the results also showed that the expand directions of premature mortality was similar to that of population and the changing of absolute number of premature mortality more depended on the growth of PM2.5 concentration. The findings recommend that government should make better policies to the health risk controlling which take population and pollution into consideration than only focus on pollution concentration.
COMPARISON OF THREE TYPES OF AEROSOL PRODUCTS DURING 2015–2017 IN CHINA
Authors: Li S. , Zhang F. , Yu Q.-R. , Chan K. L. , Hou C. , Guo R. , Duan M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In this study, we use sunphotometer (AERONET) data as reference to evaluate MODIS, Himawari-08, and MERRA-2 aerosol products over China. AERONET data from Beijing, Xianghe, Xuzhou, Taihu and Hong Kong are used. The results indicate that aerosol optical depths (AODs) obtained from MODIS, Himawari-08, and MERRA-2 from 2015-2017 over China are consistent with the AERONET observations. The accuracy of these AOD products shows a spatial and temporal variation. MODIS aerosol products tend to overestimate the AODs at Beijing, Xianghe and Xuzhou, with stronger overestimation in winter. For Taihu and Hong Kong, MODIS only overestimates the AODs in winter. Himawari-08 and MERRA-2 underestimate the AODs in autumn over almost all stations except Taihu.
A DECADAL ANALYSIS AND SENSITIVITY STUDY USING MOPITT CO COLUMNS OVER ASIA
Authors: Lin C. , Cohen J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Biomass burning and urbanization are both significant sources of CO emissions and atmospheric loadings in the real environment. The sources of CO are due to incomplete combustion, on one hand of biomass from agriculture or forest clearing, and on the other hand from coal, oil, gas, and other similar materials. However, the spatial and temporal underlying properties and patterns are quite different between these two types of source regions, with urban regions having a relatively constant source of CO emissions, with only short term concentration fluctuations due to local meteorology. On the other hand, in biomass burning regions, the emissions themselves tend to be highly concentrated over a short burning period, and very low otherwise. We hence present a new technique to classify and quantify biomass burning regions and urban regions based on an objective analysis of the CO total column measurements from the MOPITT satellite. By using all of the data from 2000–2016, in connection with averages and standard deviation cutoffs, we successfully determine these regions. By performing a sensitivity analysis, in connection with additional ground-based measurements, we determine that the ideal cutoffs for the mean column loading and standard deviation of the column loading 28 × 1017 mol/cm2 and 6 × 1017 mol/cm2 respectively. These results are capable of representing known urban regions and biomass burning regions well throughout China, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, specifically including Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Guangdong, and Bangkok on one hand, and Northeastern India, Myanmar, Laos, Northern Thailand, and Vietnam on the other hand. A detailed analysis of the time series over the different classified regions show that while the urban areas have a much higher annual value, and a relatively long peak time, that their maximum is never as high as the peaks in the biomass burning regions, and that these peaks in the biomass burning regions are extremely short in duration, although they occur annually or bi-annually. Finally, we have not been able to obtain a statistically relevant decreasing trend, as others have found, making CO possibly an interesting species for future studies.
INVESTIGATING ALOFT AEROSOLS OVER CENTRAL-EASTERN CHINA USING CALIPSO MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Zou J. , Qin K. , Xu J. , Han X.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The rapid development of China in the last decade has brought about serious environmental problems, among which the air quality has attracted much attention. Especially in the winter, haze events with PM2.5 as the primary pollutant frequently occur, which has a huge strike on people's health. Such cumulative anthropogenic aerosols at surface over haze pollution regions could be lifted upwards by vertical turbulent mixing forming elevated haze layers that subsequent transport to distant regions. This paper attempts to analyze layer top altitude, ratio of anthropogenic source and optical properties by counting events occurring in aloft aerosols layer. CALIPSO satellite instruments are used for statistical analysis by screening layer data over central-eastern China from 2007 to 2016. In the most economically active and polluted areas of China, the North China Plain (NCP) and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) are compared to analyze trend variations over ten years. Results shows that the frequency of occurrence of aloft layer in South China are higher than in North China, indicating that heat has a strong lifting effect on the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Further, the NCP has a unique high frequency value at 2.5 km, while the YRD has two peaks, 3.5 km and 2 km respectively. Moreover, in the past five years in the NCP (2011–2016) and YRD (2012–2016) regions, the anthropogenic source of pollutants dominated by smoke showed a downward trend year by year. In addition, monthly proportion of smoke and polluted dust are analyzed in NCP and YRD winter. Finally, the volume depolarization ratio is almost distributed within 0.2, indicating that the shape of the particles is irregular. The particulate color ratio has a sharp peak near 0.4–0.7 suggesting that smaller particles dominate the size distribution during the winter months.
EXTRACTION OF BUILT-UP AREA USING HIGH RESOLUTION SENTINEL-2A AND GOOGLE SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Vigneshwaran S. , Vasantha Kumar S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Accurate information about the built-up area in a city or town is essential for urban planners for proper planning of urban infrastructure facilities and other basic amenities. The normalized difference indices available in literature for built-up area extraction are mostly based on moderate resolution images such as Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and enhanced TM (ETM+) and may not be applicable for high resolution images such as Sentinel-2A. In the present study, an attempt has been made to extract the built-up area from Sentinel-2A satellite data of Chennai, India using normalized difference index (NDI) with different band combinations. It was found that the built-up area was clearly distinguishable when the index value ranges between −0.29 and −0.09 in blue and near-infrared (NIR) band combination. Post extraction editing using Google satellite imagery was also attempted to improve the extraction results. The results showed an overall accuracy of 90% and Kappa value of 0.785. Same approach when applied for another area also yields good results with overall accuracy of 92% and Kappa value of 0.83. As the proposed approach is simple to understand, yields accurate results and requires only open source data, the same can be used for extracting the built-up area using Sentinel-2A and Google satellite imagery.
Basal control of supraglacial meltwater catchments on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Crozier Josh , Karlstrom Leif , Yang Kang
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Ice surface topography controls the routing of surface meltwater generated in
the ablation zones of glaciers and ice sheets. Meltwater routing is a direct
source of ice mass loss as well as a primary influence on subglacial
hydrology and basal sliding of the ice sheet. Although the processes that
determine ice sheet topography at the largest scales are known, controls on
the topographic features that influence meltwater routing at supraglacial
internally drained catchment (IDC) scales (<10s of km) are less well
constrained. Here we examine the effects of two processes on ice sheet
surface topography: transfer of bed topography to the surface of flowing ice
and thermal–fluvial erosion by supraglacial meltwater streams. We implement
2-D basal transfer functions in seven study regions of the western Greenland
Ice Sheet ablation zone using recent data sets for bed elevation, ice surface
elevation, and ice surface velocities. We find that ∼1–10 km scale ice
surface features can be explained well by bed topography transfer in regions
with different multiyear-averaged ice flow conditions. We use flow-routing
algorithms to extract supraglacial stream networks from 2 to 5 m resolution
digital elevation models and compare these with synthetic flow networks
calculated on ice surfaces predicted by bed topography transfer. Multiple
geomorphological metrics calculated for these networks suggest that bed
topography can explain general ∼1–10 km supraglacial meltwater
routing and that thermal–fluvial erosion thus has a lesser role in shaping
ice surface topography on these scales. We then use bed topography transfer
functions and flow routing to conduct a parameter study predicting how
supraglacial IDC configurations and subglacial
hydraulic potential would change under varying multiyear-averaged ice flow
and basal sliding regimes. Predicted changes to subglacial hydraulic flow
pathways directly caused by changing ice surface topography are subtle, but
temporal changes in basal sliding or ice thickness have potentially
significant influences on IDC spatial distribution. We suggest that changes
to IDC size and number density could affect subglacial hydrology primarily by
dispersing the englacial–subglacial input of surface meltwater.
The Extent Use of Contemporary Management Accounting Practices and Its Effect on Operational Performance of Industrial Corporations in Jordan
Authors: Alzoubi Naser Yousef
Published: October 2018

The purpose and aims of this study is to illustrate the extent use of contemporary management accounting practices MAPs in the Jordanian industrial corporations listed on Amman Stock Exchange ASE, and an attempt to find out the most common practice used. A field study conducted by using a questionnaire distributed to accountants working in 25 different industrial corporations, a total of 75 questionnaires distributed, 52 were valid for analysis purposes. The financial data related to the operational performance were collected for the periods 2013-2016. The study used arithmetic mean and standard deviation to describe the study sample and determine degree of implementation of contemporary MAPs.Multiple regression analysis used to detect the effect of MAPs on each indicator of operational performance.Results of the study showed a moderate use of contemporary MAPs, such as Target costing, Kaizen costing and Just-in-time manufacturing, moreover a least used practices were Activity base costing and Balance scorecard, and analysis revealed a different effect of applied contemporary MAPs on operational performance indicators, an effects on inventory turnover rate is observed, and no statistically effect on operational ratio, receivables turnover and total assets turnover. Worthwhile, the researcher proposed a number of proposals and recommendations, emphasis in reconsideration of application mechanism of contemporary MAPs applied in the corporations, and activate the role of various contemporary MAPs used as an information system, which could assess the corporate managers and decision-makers serving the management's objectives in the industrial corporations.
A Review of Obstacles of ICT Usage in Nigerian Tertiary Educational Institutions
Authors: Musa Umar , Mahmud Rosnaini , Jalil Habibah Ab.
Published: October 2018

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in learning institutions is an order of the day in various parts of the world. This primarily has to do with its significance in teaching and learning on one hand, and its associated obstacles on the other. ICT been in used in Nigerian higher institutions for decades, steadily making progress, however, many obstacles were noted in the literatures. This study is conceptualized to review ICT usage in Nigeria and the associated obstacles amongst tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study is asked to pinpoint these by extracting related literatures. The study identified obstacles such as inconsistent electricity supply, computer illiteracy, high cost of internet data and electronic services, fear of change, fear of redundancy, lack of adequate facilities and the issue of internet and electronic security. It is suggested that provision of consistent electricity supply, training and ICT refresher courses and establishment of ICT centers to curtail cyber- crime etc. will go a long way in overcoming the barriers of effective integration and usage of ICT in the Nigerian tertiary institutions.
Sammensatte problemer og separate systemer: Psykiske lidelser blant rusmisbrukere til behandling i russektoren
Authors: Landheim m.fl A.S.
Published: October 2018

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Behovsutredning og kontakt med hjelpeapparatet hos personer med langvarige psykiske lidelser
Authors: Sørgaard Knut W. , Øiesvold Terje
Published: October 2018

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