bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversidad florística y captura de carbono en robledales y pasturas con árboles en Santa Isabel, Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Segura-Madrigal Milena A. , Andrade Hernán Jair , Sierra Ramírez Erika
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La acelerada transformación de los usos del suelo en los Andes colombianos han afectado la diversidad y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Objetivo: Se caracterizó la estructura y composición florística, junto a la estimación del carbono almacenado en biomasa de bosques primarios intervenidos y pasturas con árboles en Santa Isabel, Tolima. Métodos: En cada sistema, se establecieron cinco parcelas de muestreo: rectangulares de 1 000 m2 cada una en bosques y circulares de 707 m2 en pasturas, para medir todos los individuos con diámetro a 1.30 m de altura, ≥10 cm. La biomasa se estimó a partir de modelos alométricos multi-especies y un modelo genérico en el caso de biomasa abajo del suelo. Resultados: En el bosque se registró una abundancia promedio de 642 ± 125 individuos/ha, se encontraron 25 familias, 39 géneros, 43 especies y morfoespecies en 0.5 ha de muestreo. Quercus humboldtii y Ladenbergia macrocarpa fueron las especies con el mayor Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI = 32.5 y 11.2, respectivamente) en los bosques. En pasturas se encontraron 175.0 ± 21.3 individuos/ha, pertenecientes a 8 familias, 9 géneros, 10 especies y morfoespecies en 0.35 ha de muestreo. Eugenia spp. y Weinmannia pubescens tuvieron la mayor importancia ecológica (19.5 y 17.6 %, respectivamente) en pasturas. El bosque almacenó en promedio 125.0 ± 30.0 t C/ha, comparado con 18.4 ± 1.8 t C/ha en pasturas. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos muestran alta capacidad de almacenamiento de carbono en estos usos del suelo, lo cual contribuye a mantener o disminuir la concentración de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera, y por ende, son un referente que permite desarrollar estrategias de conservación, con miras a mitigar el cambio climático.
Effects of shade on guinea grass genotypes Megathyrsus maximus (Poales: Poaceae)
Authors: Malaviya Devendra Ram , Baig Mirza Jaynul , Kumar Bijendra , Kaushal Pankaj
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Light stress is an important factor limiting the biomass yield while combining forage production with crops or forestry. Guinea grass is a widely adapted perennial fodder grass. The species exhibits high degree of variation for morphology, adaptation and biomass yield. Objective: Since there is a need in identifying shade adapted forage grasses for the expanding area under agroforestry/silvipastures, the present investigation took the task of understanding how the morphologically distinct genotypes of guinea grass respond under different shaded intensities. Methods: In the present study, forty-four genotypes related with the shade response were studied in varying shading conditions (pure sunlight, 25, 50 and 75 % shade) created artificially. Results: Based on green and dry matter yields ranking, the genotype IG 01-98 performed the best followed by genotypes IG 01-92, IG 97-5, IG 97-6 and IG 01-89 in decreasing order. Particularly, IG 01-93 was identified as the best performing under 50 % shading conditions. On the other hand, most of the top ranking genotypes performed well both under open and up to 50 % of shade. Morphologically, these genotypes were taller and possessed longer and broader leaves. Under shaded conditions (over 50 %), leaf length and width showed an increasing trend compared to open conditions. Also, chlorophyll content increased with shading intensity. Conclusions: Most of the genotypes collected from the southern Indian humid tropical environment with early flowering nature were tolerant to shade. Differential genotypic response was observed for biomass yield and yield attributes under shade. The study established appreciable variability for shade tolerance among genotypes
Relationship between sea surface temperature and the nesting of the Olive Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Gorgona Island, Colombian Pacific
Authors: Ariza Gallego María Alejandra , Herrera Carmona Julio César , Payán Luis Fernando , Giraldo Alan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Lepidochelys olivacea is the most abundant sea turtle in the Colombian Pacific and oceanographic conditions at the Eastern Tropical Pacific may have an effect on its reproductive behavior Objective: To assess the relationship between reproductive aspects of L. olivacea nesting at Gorgona island and sea surface temperature at local and regional scales. Methods: Monthly mean data of reproductive attributes associated with nesting females, nests, eggs and hatchlings were established using records from Gorgona’s National Natural Park nesting monitoring and were correlated (cross-correlations) with SST of Gorgona island and Panama Bight, and with the temperature variability of the El Niño 1+2, El Niño 3, El Niño 3.4 and El Niño 4 regions, their thermal anomalies, and the ONI and SOI indexes. Significant correlations were included in a Generalized Additive Model. Results: Highest inverse correlation since maximum correlation is 1 was established between visits to the beach, number of nesting females, number of nests, clutch size, incubation days and hatching success and Niño 1+2 region with a lag of 12 months, whereas egg diameter, egg weight, straight carapace length and width and weight of hatchlings were correlated with Niño 4 anomaly, SOI and ONI indexes. It was also found that there is a non-linear tendency to decrease number of nesting females, number of nests, clutch size, egg diameter and egg weight with regional positive anomalies. Conclusions: Nesting attributes of L. olivacea in Gorgona correlate mainly with variations in regional SST, being low at high sea surface temperatures the year prior to nesting (12-month lag).
Vegetation and seed bank of an open-scrub bush restinga formation in the Southeastern coast of Brazil
Authors: Bechara Fernando Campanhã , Salvador Lívia Zocatelli , Ventura Raquel Almeida , Topanotti Larissa Regina , Gerber Dionatan , Da Cruz Izaclaudia Santana , Simonelli Marcelo
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Restingas are coastal plain ecosystems located along Eastern Brazil, corresponding to about 5 000 km. The restinga vegetation is associated with the Atlantic rainforest biome and comprises four distinct main formation zones: coastal grasslands, shrublands, open-forests and marsh zones. Especially due to coastal urbanization, this is a threatened ecosystem that, through its different shrub formations, exhibits a unique mosaic as a result of the vegetation distribution in nuclei of different covering, physiognomy and floristic composition. Objective: We aimed to characterize the above and belowground composition of a conserved, non-flooded, open-scrub, nuclei (patches of bushes) formation of restinga in Linhares, ES, southeastern Brazil. Methods: The vegetation survey was conducted using the line intercept method. Diameter and height of the first six nuclei were measured in five transects separated by 50 m, totaling 30 nuclei up to 350 m away from the shore line. The phytosociology and Shannon Index of the aboveground vegetation community were calculated. In the same 30 nuclei, leaf litter and topsoil layer (15 x 15 x 10 cm) samples were collected to survey the viable seed bank, which was later placed in a greenhouse for germination and seedling identification. The Sørensen Similarity index (SSi) was used to compare the floristic composition between the leaf litter and topsoil layer seed banks. Nuclei volume and number of species were calculated as well. Results: In the aboveground vegetation, 54 plant species belonging to 32 families were identified, totaling 1 098 individuals. The nuclei showed a diversity (H') of 3.08 nats, and an average diameter of 11.5 m (s = 9.1), area of 526.4 m2 (s = 1 081.7), and height of 2.9 m (s = 1.1). Davilla flexuosa, followed by Smilax rufescens, presented the highest IVI (Importance Value Index). A total of 1 839 seedlings from 32 species and 19 families were identified in the seed bank. Enydra sessilis (Asteraceae) had the highest seed density (544), while the family with highest species richness was Cyperaceae. A low similarity between the vegetation surveyed and the seed bank composition was found (only 5 species in common, SSi = 0.10). Conclusions: The results indicate that a post-disturbance early community, established from the seed bank, would have a substantially different species composition, but with other potential species to restore vegetation over the long-term succession.
Efecto de bacterias emulsificantes en la atenuación de la fitotoxicidad de suelos contaminados con petróleo intemperizado
Authors: Alarcón Alejandro , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , Rivera-Cruz María Del Carmen , Torres-Bustillos Luis Gilberto , Mendoza-López María Remedios , Guzman Gilberto Morales
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Plants and microorganisms have been used as bioindicators to evaluate the toxicity of hydrocarbons in soils. Objective: This study evaluates the toxicity of a chronically-contaminated Gleysol with several concentrations of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (WPH), collected from La Venta, Tabasco (Mexico), on the growth of Clitoria ternatea and the phytoxicity attenuation due to inoculation of emulsifying bacteria. Methods: Soils with 50 and 150 g WPH kg-1, and control soil with 0.15 g WPH kg-1 (biogenic origin) were utilized, as well as the inoculation of six emulsifying bacteria and their combination (consortium). The WPH-phytotoxicity was evaluated by considering plant height, dry biomass production (root, shoot, and total), leaf area, specific leaf area, and the efficiency of photosystem II (EPSII), after 30 days. Results: WPH did not affect plant height, but soil with 50 g WPH kg-1 diminished root and total dry weight, and leaf area, when compared to both control soil and soil with 150 g WPH kg-1. The strain Sml (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia C10S1) significantly increased shoot and total dry weight, while the strain Ro (Raoultella ornithinolytica C5S3) produced higher specific leaf area relative to uninoculated plants. In control soil, the bacterial consortium stimulated plant height. The strains Sm (Serratia marcescens C11S1) and Sm2 (S. marcescens C7S3) improved plant height and specific leaf area when compared to uninoculated plants in soil with 50 g WPH kg-1. In soil with 150 g WPH kg-1, strains Spa (Stenotrophomonas pavanii C5S3F) and Cfr (Citrobacter freundii C4S3) enhanced root and shoot dry weight, respectively. The EPSII was unaffected by soil contamination. Emulsifying bacteria reduced the phytotoxic effects of WP, but depending on the content of WPH in soils. Conclusions: Soil with 50 g WPH kg-1 showed the greatest phytotoxic effects on plant growth. Bacterial inoculation favored growth, biomass production and leaf area in soil with 150 g WPH kg-1. The EPSII was not affected by WPH in soils.
Phenolic compounds, biological activities and trace elements of Capparis ovata var. canescens
Authors: Taşkın Turgut , Taşkın Duygu , Çam Muhammet Emin , Bulut Gizem
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Capparis species (Capparaceae), also called caper, grow naturally in various regions of the world. Caper is a plant with medicinal and aromatic properties. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used in folk medicine due to their analgesic, wound healing, cell regeneration, tonic, and diuretic effects. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate in vitro (anti-urease, antioxidant, anticholinesterase) and in vivo (anti-inflammatory) biological activities of caper (C. ovata var. canescens). In addition, we aimed to identify its major phenolic compounds using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and confirmate them using quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-LC/MS). Also, we quantified the concentrations of several trace and major elements in plant samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods: The antioxidant, anti-urease and anticholinesterase activities of different plant extracts were evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS/TEAC, Indophenol and Ellman tests. The identification of phenolic compounds and trace element contents was performed using HPLC and Q-TOF-LC/MS and ICP-MS. Results: Soxhlet methanol extract exhibited the strongest anti-urease, antioxidant (ABTS/TEAC) and anticholinesterase activity. Soxhlet and maceration methanol extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effect in the altered edema size after the second hour of carrageenan injection. The active phenolic compounds in Soxhlet methanol extract were identified as rutin, quercetin-hexoside-hexoside, quercetin-3-O-hexoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. In addition, the average concentrations of vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper, nickel, arsenic, selenium, zinc and lead were within the permissible limits defined by WHO for medicinal plants. However, it was found that the concentrations of cadmium and iron were higher than the maximum permissible limits. Conclusion: Our results suggest that although caper has a strong biological activity, it should be consumed carefully due to the excess amount of cadmium and iron elements it contains.
Estructura del bosque altoandino y páramo en el Macizo de Bijagual, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Gil-Leguizamón Pablo Andrés , Morales-Puentes María Eugenia , Jácome Jorge
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Structure of the high Andean forest and paramo in the Bijagual Massif, Boyacá, Colombia. Introduction: Colombia has increased research due to the necessity of knowing the country´s biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as to establish priorities for their protection throughout the national territory. The knowledge of the Boyacá ecosystems and the high Andes are not an exception. Objective: this work provides information on diversity and structure of the Bijagual Massif, a high mountain area defined as a biological corridor, with paramo (2 900 - 3 460 masl) and high Andean forest (2 682 -3 268 masl) ecosystems. Methods: Sampling consisted of 27 random transects in the high Andean forest (100 x 2.5 m) and 13 in the paramo (10 x 5 m). We recorded abundance data, growth form, height, coverage, DAP and basal area. We calculated diversity analyses (H’, D and Jaccard), of vertical and horizontal structure. Results: Estimated species richness of 429 species in 86 families. Similarity does not exceed 46 % between sampling units, data that supports the heterogeneity of the Bijagual Massif. We recorded 10 777 individuals in the forest. The most abundant and richest growth forms were herbs (2 595/104) and trees (2 189/67), while lower in abundance and richness were vines (466/29). In the paramo 3 337 individuals, with a dominance of herbs (in frailejonal, shrubs and pajonal), rosettes (in frailejonal and pajonal) and shrubs. Species with ecological representativeness are: Clusia multiflora, C. elliptica, C. alata, Weinmannia rollottii, Brunellia comocladifolia and Viburnum triphyllum. Conclusion: These results confirm the uniqueness of these high mountain ecosystems and the need to maintain the heterogeneity before the occurence of soil transformation processes. The last, is supported by the high species turnover among sampling units, the dominance per physiognomic type, and the ecological significance of arboreal and shrub species in the forest and those that reoccur in the paramo. Here we define Bijagual, as a biological corridor with great biodiversity.
Foliar anatomy of ten genotypes of the plant Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Colorado Jaime Alberto Marín , Rincón Edgar , Montoya Lerma James
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Introduction: Cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz) is a perennial shrub native to South America that is an essential source of carbohydrates for more than 600 million people in tropical countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the leaf blade anatomy of ten genotypes of cassava. Methods: The methodology for anatomical descriptions was processed and 30 leaves of each of the varieties were included and sectioned according to paraffin impregnation protocols. Results: The results showed that the leaf blade anatomical structure of all the varieties in general terms show differences. All varieties had monostratified epidermis, leaf mesophyll consisted of a palisade parenchyma in a single layer and multiple layers of spongy parenchyma. Polyphenolic idioblasts were observed immersed in the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Between 3-7 xylem ribs with their respective phloem were found in the midrib in almost all varieties. Trichomes were only found in two varieties (NAT31-ECU72) and leaves were all hipostomatic. Conclusions: The results reveal that NAT31 is the material with the most anatomically marked differences (i.e. presence of trichomes, papillary cell, and, on the adaxial face, special provision in the arrangement of stomata and epicuticle wax patterns), characteristics that might be related to pest resistance.
Morfología del polen de Heliconia spp. (Heliconiaceae) de México y su relación interespecífica e intraespecífica
Authors: Ortiz Curiel Simitrio , López Guillén Guillermo , Avendaño Arrazate Carlos Hugo , Martínez Bolaños Misael
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN

Introducción: El conocimiento que se tiene sobre palinología en el género Heliconia, es básicamente sobre especies de Centroamérica y Sudamérica, mientras que en especies del Neotrópico mexicano los estudios son limitados. Objetivo: contribuir al conocimiento palinológico y conocer la interrelación morfológica del polen entre especies y dentro de especies de género Heliconia originarias de México, como parte de los estudios de biología reproductiva que puedan contribuir en futuros trabajos de mejoramiento genético. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en nueve especies (12 accesiones) de Heliconia nativas de México y que se encuentran en el Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP). Se colectó polen de flores en antesis y se conservó durante 24 h en glutaraldehído al 2% y etanol al 50%, en seguida se lavó en etanol al 50% y deshidrató en alcohol al 70%, 90% y 100% por 30 min c/u. Las muestras se secaron al punto crítico del CO2, se montaron en cilindros de aluminio cubiertas con cinta de carbón conductivo doble adhesiva y, se analizaron con una capa de aproximadamente 20 nm de oro-paladio. Las muestras se observaron en MEB modelo TOPCON, SM-510. Resultados: El polen mide de 50.22 µm a 70.56 µm, es heteropolar y es de forma euoblato, suboblato u oblato-esferoidal. Las caras distal y proximal presentan diferentes grados de convexidad; ambas con ornamentación microespinulosa o microverrugosa. Las características morfológicas, forma del polen, forma de las caras proximal y distal, así como la ornamentación, muestran cierta homogeneidad; sin embargo, mediante el análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico (R2=0.05) se formaron cinco grupos. El grupo I presenta microperforaciones en el tectum, alta densidad de microespinas y alta convexidad de la cara proximal; el grupo II, contrario al grupo I, tienen la cara distal convexa y la cara proximal es plana a subconvexa. El grupo III lo representa H. latispatha y el grupo IV H. librata, ambos grupos son de polen pequeño; sin embargo, H. latispatha tiene la cara proximal plana y poro germinativo distinto-protudente, mientras que H. librata tiene cara proximal convexa y ambas caras verrugosas. En el grupo V se agrupa H. collinsiana, la cual tiene poro germinativo distinto-protudente y una forma de anillo en la cara proximal. Las dos variedades de H. collinsiana se diferencian únicamente por su tamaño (10 mm). Conclusiones: Se observó heterogeneidad, pero también homogeneidad en algunos caracteres del polen; sin embargo, el análisis mediante agrupamientos permitió conocer la interrelación que existe entre y dentro de especies. La morfología de las especies de Heliconia de México se ajusta a los caracteres previamente descritos; sin embargo, resaltan características adicionales como la presencia de microporos y la forma de anillo en la cara proximal.
Reproduction and population dynamics of cave-dwelling bats in Costa of Oaxaca, México
Authors: Hernández-Aguilar Itandehui , Santos-Moreno Antonio
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Reproduction is a critical phase for most living organisms and in bats the reproductive strategies exhibit considerable complexity and variability. Objective: To describe the reproductive patterns and population dynamics of seven bat species (Artibeus toltecus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus fulvus, Pteronotus mesoamericanus and Natalus mexicanus) that roost in one mine (La Mina) and two caves (El Apanguito and Cerro Huatulco) in the State of Oaxaca, in Southeastern México. Methods: Sampling was conducted monthly from July 2016 to June 2017. Bats were captured using a harp trap, which was placed at the entrance of the roosts. The captured bats were identified using taxonomic keys, marked with an aluminum ring, sex and age class were also determined. Reproductive activity was modeled through 63 GLMs for each species (504 in total). The best model was selected according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Results: A total of 5 836 bats were captured and marked, classified into 14 species, 10 genera, and five families. The most abundant species were: P. fulvus and P. mesoamericanus, representing 41 % and 32.3 % of the captures, respectively. The mormopids M. megalophylla, P. fulvus, P. mesoamericanus, together with N. mexicanus showed a restricted seasonal monoestrous pattern, while the phyllostomids A. toltecus, C. perspicillata, and G. soricina showed a seasonal bimodal polyoestry pattern. The monthly abundance of species fluctuated significantly (H= 13, df= 11, P= 0.044) in the three roosts throughout the entire study period and the best supported GLM that included the seven species showed that the six chosen variables (season, sex, roost, temperature, precipitation and humidity) were positively associated with reproductive activity. Conclusions: The reproductive activity of each species seems to be synchronized with the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season, as well as influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity and roost site.
Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Authors: Malchev S. , Savchovska S.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.
Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from garri on Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples
Authors: Atta H.I. , Gimba A. , Bamgbose T.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The production of bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria affords them the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria; they are particularly important in the biocontrol of human and plant pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria have been frequently isolated from fermented foods due to the high acidity these foods contain. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from garri, a popular Nigerian staple food, which is fermented from cassava, and their antagonistic activity against clinical and environmental isolates of Escherichia coli was determined. The species of Lactobacillus isolated include: Lactobacillus plantarum (50%), Lactobacillus fermentum (20%), Lactobacillus acidophilus (20%), and Lactobacillus salivarius (10%). Growth inhibition of the strains of E.coli was observed in Lactobacillus plantarum that inhibited the growth of both. The clinical and environmental isolates of E. coli were inhibited by Lactobacillus plantarum, while Lactobacillus acidophilus showed activity against only the clinical isolate. The greatest zone of inhibition against the strains of E. coli was recorded by Lactobacillus acidophilus (22.7±1.53 mm). The bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus species have a good potential in the biocontrol of pathogens, and should be the focus of further studies on antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Influence of the age of first insemination and first calving in Holstein – Friesian heifers on farm economic efficiency
Authors: Stankov K.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The present study aims to assess the influence of the age of first insemination and first calving in Holstein-Friesian heifers on the cost of breeding and the cost of their marketing as breeding animals. For this purpose, a study was conducted on 7 farms (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) situated in Central and Southern Bulgaria in which Holstein-Friesian cattle are bred. The results of the study indicated that the age of first insemination in the controlled farms was 17.2 months on average, and the age of first calving (AFC) was 26.6 months, which was within the established norms for the Holstein-Frisian breed raised in the country. The heifers from farm A, which entered breeding age the earliest (at 16 months), as well as the age of first calving (25.3 months) had the longest utilisation period – 4.9 lactations. However, they did not develop the highest milk yield either and the economic performance from their raising was low. The heifers on farm F, with age of first insemination of 17.3 months, and first calving age of 26.8 months, and the ones from farm G, with ages 17.4 and 26.6 months, respectively, developed maximum milk yield per lactation. The expenses for raising a heifer of the Holstein-Frisian breed varied from BGN 1922 up to BGN 2389, with an average sum of cost for the studied farms amounting to BGN 2123. This indicated that the raising of heifers from a high-yield breed was an expensive undertaking, but when taking the necessary care for their breeding at a younger age during the period of use they developed higher milk productivity.
Ruha teszi a követet? A Habsburgok 17. századi konstantinápolyi diplomatáinak magyar viseletéről
Authors: Cziráki Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2021

The paper focusses on a peculiar but so-far neglected theme in the modern-age history of the relationship between the Hungarian Kingdom, the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire: the Hungarian costumes of the Habsburg envoys delegated to the Porte in the 17th century. The highest ranking representatives of the diplomacy of the Habsburg House mostly of West European family ties and traditions – the overwhelming majority of whom had no Hungarian connections at all – wore ornate Hungarian costumes for their official appearances in Constantinople. It is self-evident to wonder: Why did the Habsburg House resort to this solution? and What conclusions of broader relevance can be drawn from the phenomenon? Based on archival researches in archives in Austria and Hungary, the outfit of the envoys can be reconstructed including the particularly accented dolman, fur-lined short coat mente and the Hungarian hat, while the uniquely detailed documentation of the legation of Johann Ludwig Kuefstein also sheds light on who and where produced each item. The research concluded that the Hungarian costume had an emphatic role not only in the relationship between the Habsburg monarchs and the Sublime Porte based on a complex system of symbols, but was also part of the communicational strategy toward the Hungarian estates, for it was manifestation of the exclusive and legitimate but repeatedly questioned domination of the Hungarian Kingdom by the Habsburgs toward both the dignitaries of the Porte and the Hungarian elite.
New records of the Critically Endangered Leptagrion acutum Santos, 1961 (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) from southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Santos Cintia , Santos Laís R. , Rodrigues Marciel E.
Published: January 2021

Leptagrion acutum Santos, 1961 is endemic to Brazil and, since 2003, listed as Critically Endangered in the Red Book of Threatened Brazilian Fauna. In this study, L. acutum is recorded for the first time from the state of Bahia, expanding known occurrences of this species to northern areas of the Atlantic Forest. Three males were collected in the Veracel Station Private Reserve of Natural Heritage. Information concerning distributional records of rare or endangered species is essential because it can add to species’ occurrence records and assist in future Red List assessments.
Perception of the Internet of Things in consumer applications in the context of intergenerational differences
Authors: Kalińska-Kula Magdalena , Wyciszkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: January 2021

The article attempts to determine how members of different generations perceive the Internet of Things (IoT) in consumer applications, and whether despite its growing popularity, intergenerational differences in terms of the perception of IoT technology are significant. An intergenerational comparative analysis was conducted based on CAWI study results. The data for the analysis came from a sample of 241 respondents. In light of the obtained results, the hypothesis assuming that members of individual generations differ significantly in terms of the perceived utility of the IoT devices in consumer applications was not confirmed. The influence of age as a variable differentiating the perception of possibilities of application of the Internet of Things in various economic sectors was also not confirmed.
Plague as a means of religious controversy
Authors: Metlitskaya Z. Yu.
Published: January 2021

Translation of a treatise by George Whitehead, a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), criticizing the position of the Church of England during the Great Plague of London, 1665-1666.
Irina Redkova (2020) Medieval City: The Monastic View. Twelfth-century exegetical texts revalued. M.; Petroglyph, Center for humanitarian Initiatives Moscow-Saint-Petersburg, 432 p. (MEDIAEVALIA [series minor]). ISBN 978-5-98712-906-7
Authors: Rodionova Yu. V.
Published: January 2021

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QUALITY OF LIFE AND BURDEN OF CAREGIVERS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Costa Andréa Fachini da , Lopes Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira , Campanharo Cássia Regina Vancini , Batista Ruth Ester Assayag , Okuno Meiry Fernanda Pinto
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess caregivers’ quality of life and correlate it with elderly people’s quality of life, as well as assess the burden of caregivers of elderly people hospitalized in an Emergency Service and correlate it with their quality of life. Method: this is a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with 250 caregivers of elderly patients admitted to the Emergency Service of Hospital São Paulo, Brazil, from December 2015 to January 2017. To assess caregivers’ quality of life, the generic Short-Form-36 questionnaire, item short-form health survey was used; burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview. Results: the mean age was 48.36 years, with a predominance of females, most of whon were elderly people’s children. Caregivers showed mild to moderate burden, and in quality of life assessment, the most compromised domains were general health status, vitality, and social aspects. The Short-Form-36 dimensions that had a significant correlation with Zarit Burden Interview scores were physical aspect, general health status, vitality, social aspects, and emotional aspect. Conclusion: caregivers’ quality of live is associated with elderly people’s quality of life. Burden is related to the worsening quality of life of caregivers. It is necessary to identify the work demands and specific needs of caregivers of elderly people in order to develop care strategies involving this population.
D.K. Chernov’s role in creating and developing the doctrine of modern metallurgy and metal science. Part 2. Scientific and practical confirmation of D.K. Chernov’s ideas
Authors: Leont’ev L. I. , Tsukanov V. V. , Smirnova D. L.
Published: January 2021

The second part of the article is devoted to the practical realizing of D.K. Chernov’s scientific “predictions”. They were confirmed by him in the implementation of the concepts of points “a” and “b”, structure of the ingot and the possibility, taking into account the knowledge of these temperature boundaries, to build basic modes of deformation and subsequent heat treatment of steel ingots. These materials are supported by a modern interpretation of that provisions and additional materials of the authors.
Analysis of possible ways to reduce sulfur content in pig iron
Authors: Myasoedov S. V. , Filatov S. V. , Panteleev V. V. , Listopadov V. S. , Zagainov S. A.
Published: January 2021

One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency and intensity of blast furnace smelting, especially when using pulverized coal fuel, is to increase the hot strength of coke. In the conditions of OJSC NLMK, an oil additive was introduced into the coal charge to improve the coke quality. At the same time, sulfur content in the coke increases, and, consequently, sulfur content in the cast iron increases as well. In this regard, the task of finding ways to improve the desulfurization of cast iron in blast furnace becomes urgent. The main factors determining the desulfurization of cast iron are slag basicity, content of MgO oxide in it, temperature of the smelting products, and the slag viscosity. The purpose of this work was to compare the efficiency of sulfur removal by increasing the slag basicity and MgO content. On the basis of wellknown equations, an algorithm was developed that allows the problem to be solved. It was established that an increase in MgO content in the slag promotes desulfurization of cast iron to a greater extent than a basicity increase. In addition, an increase in MgO content by 1 % is accompanied by an increase in slag yield by 3.0 – 3.5 kg/t of cast iron. At the same time, an increase in basicity by 0.01 leads to an increase in the slag yield by 4 – 5 kg/t of pig iron. Consequently, reducing the sulfur content in pig iron by increasing the slag basicity requires less heat. In terms of the specific consumption of coke, difference in heat demand is 0.4 – 0.5 kg/t of pig iron. It is shown that with an increase in MgO content in the slag, the slag viscosity at a temperature of 1450 °C increases to a lesser extent than with an increase in basicity.
Corrosion of cast iron sections of gas-collecting bells of EcoSoderberg electrolyser
Authors: Yur’ev A. B. , Temlyantsev M. V. , Deev V. B. , Feoktistov A. V. , Pinaev E. A.
Published: January 2021

The article presents results of the research of high-temperature gas corrosion of sections of EcoSoderberg electrolyzers’ gas-collecting bells (GSB) made of high-strength VCh50 cast iron with spherical graphite. The gravimetric method was used to study the specific mass losses of the sections due to corrosion. The microstructure of cast iron, structure, chemical and phase composition of corrosion products were studied using optical, electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. It was established that the specific weight loss of the sections during operation reaches 0.36 – 0.46 g/(cm2·month). Corrosion of cast iron sections of EcoSoderberg electrolyzers’ GSB is characterized by high unevenness by area. There are cases of decommissioning sections due to local through “burnouts” with a weight loss of 19 – 24 kg. With relatively uniform corrosion, the maximum allowable weight loss of the sections is 25 – 30 kg. To make predictive estimates based on experimental data, dependence of the sections’ mass loss on the operating time was obtained. It was found that the corrosion products of the sections consist of iron oxides and alloying elements of cast iron. Most samples are characterized by increased content of C, S, F, K, Al, and Na. Corrosion products have a pronounced layered structure and contain a large number of defects in the form of pores and cracks. The layers differ in chemical, phase composition, and macrostructure. All the studied samples are characterized by cyclic alternation of relatively dense layers of iron oxides Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 and more porous layers between them. The layers are characterized by increased content of C and F. Sulfur is evenly distributed over the thickness of corrosion products. The studied samples of corrosion products have high defectiveness, friability, large number of pores, cracks, discontinuities, and low adhesion to the surface of cast iron. This is due to the presence of phases and compounds with different coefficients of thermal expansion. The mechanism of corrosion products layers formation was established and scientifically proved.
Influence of pulse-plasma modification with titanium and silicon carbide of the surface of hard VK10KS alloy on its structure and properties
Authors: Oskolkova T. N. , Simachev A. S. , Yares’ko S. I.
Published: January 2021

Electro-explosive alloying as a method of pulse-plasma treatment consists in accumulation of energy by a battery of pulsed capacitors and its subsequent discharge for 100 μs through a conductor in form of titanium foil with silicon carbide powder, while conductor is under explosive destruction. Method of electro-explosive alloying of tungsten-cobalt hard alloy includes melting of surface and its saturation with explosion products, followed by self-hardening by removing heat deep into the material and environment. On the surface of VK10KS hard alloy, the coating was obtained with thickness of up to 15 – 20 microns with nanohardness of 26,000 MPa. Using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy, it has been established that new phases of TiC, W2C, (W, Ti)C1 – x , WSi2 with high hardness were formed in the surface layer. As a result, friction coefficient decreased to 0.18 compared to the initial 0.41. Investigations with transmission electron microscopy have revealed changes during electro-explosive alloying that occur in surface carbide and near-surface cobalt phases. Dislocations accumulations were found in the carbide phase. In cobalt binder, deformation bands (slip bands), single dislocations, and finely dispersed precipitates of tungsten carbides were revealed. This change can be explained by stabilization of cubic modification of cobalt, crystal lattice of which has a large number of slip planes upon deformation and greater ability to harden in comparison with hexagonal modification of cobalt. Additional alloying with cobalt binder in heat affected zone after pulse-plasma treatment have a positive effect on the service life of tungsten-cobalt hard alloys as a whole due to their stabilization.
Calculation of temperature and thermoelastic stresses in backups with collars of the unit of combined continuous casting and deformation in steel billets production. Report 1
Authors: Lekhov O. S. , Mikhalev A. V.
Published: January 2021

The article describes the main loads affecting shaped backups of the unit of combined process of continuous casting and deformation in billets production. Importance of determining the temperature fields and thermoelastic stresses in shaped backups with collars is provided at formation of several billets, at slab compression and at idle during water cooling of backups. The authors describe strength and thermophysical properties of steel from which the backups are made. Geometry of backups with collars used for obtaining billets of three different shapes in one pass is shown. Initial data of the temperature field calculation are given for backups with collars of the combined unit. Temperature boundary conditions are considered for calculation of temperature fields of backups with collars. Boundary conditions determining temperature of such backups are described and values of the heat flow and effective heat transfer coefficient are given. The results of calculation of temperature fields are performed in four sections and are given for typical lines and points located on contact surface of backups with collars and in contact layer at depth of 5 mm from the working surface. The sizes of finite elements grid which is used at calculation of temperature field of backups with collars are provided. Temperature field of backups with collars is determined on the basis of solution of unsteady thermal conductivity equation corresponding initial and boundary conditions. Values and regularities of temperature distribution in bases and in tops of the middle and extreme edges of the shaped backups are presented during slab compression and at idle when obtaining billets of three shapes in one pass at the unit of combined continuous casting and deformation.
Improvement of administrative approaches to subsoil state management in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Baimishev R. N.
Published: January 2021

Mineral resource base of the Republic of Kazakhstan, being as the basis of its economy, plays a special role not only in sustainable development of the country, but also in the formation of successful international relations. The paper substantiates the direction of the mining and metallurgical complex development in the Republic of Kazakhstan towards solving the problem of increasing the country's long-term competitiveness. It was demonstrated that achieving these goals will allow building the potential for consistent and secure participation of the national economy in market interaction with leading global partners on mutually beneficial terms. At the same time, despite forecasted promising geological data, significant excess of the scope of mining work over that of exploration is observed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is also shown that the share of investments in geological exploration in the total investments in the mining sector is insignificant. The major part of the funds is invested in mineral extraction activities. In this connection, the paper proposes ways to improve administrative approaches to subsoil management in the Republic of Kazakhstan when granting subsoil use rights, in order to eliminate barriers for investors. The proposed improvements for the state subsoil management can have positive effect: investment growth due to improving the administrative approaches in the Republic’s state subsoil management, ensuring transparency of information, supporting new standards, a simplified procedure for obtaining subsoil use rights (licensing); reducing corruption in the field of geology and subsoil use and reducing labor costs for the implementation of state functions through the creation of a modern geological infrastructure and the use of innovative opportunities in the implementation of supervisory functions by the competent authorities; ensuring fair returns for the government from taxes, as well as obtaining fair returns by investors.
Frau mit Ehe. Elisabeth Czapski, verheiratete Flitner
Authors: Werner Meike G.
Published: January 2021

«Verliebt, verlobt, verheiratet – und dann?» – Diese Frage stellt Elisabeth H. Flitner zu Beginn ihrer soziologischen Bemerkungen über das Arrangement der Geschlechter. Ihr Essay erscheint 1987 im Leviathan, der Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft. In erster Linie geht es Flitner nicht um die Ehe und traditionelle Rollenverteilungen. Vielmehr untersucht die Pädagogin die Figur der Geliebten in einer Gesellschaft, die ökonomisch bedingt mit einer zunehmenden Individualisierung der Frauen, der Marginalisierung der Männer in den Familien und steigenden Scheidungszahlen konfrontiert ist.
FACEBOOK COMO ESPAÇO DE REALIZAÇÃO DE EVENTOS ACADÊMICOS
Authors:   CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO ITALO BRASILEIRO, SILVA IEDA MARIA FERREIRA NOGUEIRA , CRUZ TAÍS LIRIO DA ,   LAUREATE, LIMA CLEIDE RODRIGUES DE PÁDUA ,   LAUREATE, SILVA ALCINEIDE PEREIRA DA ,   FACULDADE CAPITAL FEDERAL
Published: January 2021

O PRESENTE TRABALHO OBJETIVA DEMONSTRAR QUE A REDE SOCIAL FACEBOOK É É HOJE UM ESPAÇO VIRTUAL IMPORTANTE PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE EVENTOS ACADÊMICOS, SOBRETUDO PARA REALIZAÇÃO DE ATIVIDADES ACADÊMICAS SÍNCRONAS, QUANDO SE TRABALHA COM A MODALIDADE EAD. COMO EXEMPLO, FOI UTILIZADA A TECNOLOGIA ALIADA AO FACEBOOK NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA ATIVA, EM DOIS EVENTOS REALIZADOS EM 2019 EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR. ESSES EVENTOS REPRESENTARAM PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS SIGNIFICATIVAS DE DUAS SEMANAS ACADÊMICAS, COMPARTILHADAS COM ALUNOS DE TODO O BRASIL VIA WEBNÁRIOS DO FACEBOOK, CUJOS RESULTADOS CULMINARAM EM OBJETO DE ESTUDO DESTE ARTIGO, E QUE ACREDITAMOS PODER CONTRIBUIR PARA OUTRAS EXPERIÊNCIAS PEDAGÓGICAS FUTURAS.
APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA POR MEIO DA ANÁLISE DE EMBALAGEM: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM UM CURSO DE MARKETING EAD
Authors:   UNICESUMAR, BIAZON VICTOR VINICIUS , FRANCISCO CLÁUDIA C. BATISTELA ,   UNICESUMAR, JORGETO FERNANDO ALBERTO ,   UNICESUMAR, SILVA CECILIA ADRIANA DA ,   UNICESUMAR, RAFAELI KARINA COELHO ,   UNICESUMAR, CANCIAN WAINER CRISTIANO ,   UNICESUMAR
Published: January 2021

O PRESENTE ARTIGO TEM COMO FOCO E OBJETIVO, APRESENTAR E RELATAR UMA EXPERIÊNCIA INOVADORA E DIFERENCIADA, UTILIZADA NO CURSO DE MARKETING, DA MODALIDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA DA UNICESUMAR, COMO FORMA DE LEVAR OS ALUNOS DO CURSO A UM APRENDIZADO ATIVO, INTERATIVO E QUE SEJA CAPAZ DE RELACIONAR A TEORIA COM A PRÁTICA DE MERCADO. O USO DE ATIVIDADE, COM FOCO NA METODOLOGIA ATIVA DE ENSINO, APRESENTA-SE COMO IMPORTANTE E INDISPENSÁVEL NESSE MOMENTO DO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E DE APRENDIZAGEM POR MEIO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E DA COMUNICAÇÃO, REALIZADA PELO ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA. POR MEIO DA ATIVIDADE MAPA - MATERIAL DE AVALIAÇÃO PRÁTICA DE APRENDIZAGEM, OS ALUNOS FORAM CAPAZES DE COMPREENDER COMO AS ORGANIZAÇÕES EXPÕEM E APRESENTAM SEUS PRODUTOS, POR MEIO DAS EMBALAGENS AOS CONSUMIDORES, BEM COMO ANALISAR SEUS PONTOS POSITIVOS E NEGATIVOS. AO FINAL, A EXPERIÊNCIA SE MOSTROU POSITIVA E ATRATIVA AOS ALUNOS, PROPORCIONANDO NOVAS FORMAS DE AÇÕES E ENSINO PELOS PROFESSORES E PELO CURSO.