bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Settler-Colonial Violence and the ‘Wounded Aboriginal Child’: Reading Alexis Wright with Irene Watson (and Giorgio Agamben)
Authors: Faulkner Joanne
Published: November 2020

Drawing on Alexis Wright’s novel The Swan Book and Irene Watson’s expansive critique of Australian law, this article locates within the settler–Australian imaginary the figure of the ‘wounded Aboriginal child’ as a site of contest between two rival sovereign logics: First Nations sovereignty (grounded in a spiritual connection to the land over tens of millennia) and settler sovereignty (imposed on Indigenous peoples by physical, legal and existential violence for 230 years). Through the conceptual landscape afforded by these writers, the article explores how the arenas of juvenile justice and child protection stage an occlusion of First Nations sovereignty, as a disappearing of the ‘Aboriginality’ of Aboriginal children under Australian settler law. Giorgio Agamben’s concept of potentiality is also drawn on to analyse this sovereign difference through the figures of Terra Nullius and ‘the child’.
Gramsci a la luz de Marx: sobre ideología y hegemonía
Authors: Martínez Matías Paloma
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo se propone analizar la reivindicación política del concepto de hegemonía en la obra de Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) en su aplicación no sólo a la descripción de los mecanismos que sustentan la actual preponderancia del ideario neoliberal, sino también a la pretensión de la izquierda política de construir un nuevo proyecto hegemónico que contrarreste sus efectos. Para ello, examina la concepción gramsciana de la ideología en confrontación con el sentido que este término adquiere en el legado de Karl Marx (1818-1883), con el objetivo de evidenciar las discrepancias existentes entre ambos. Sobre esta base, la estrecha alianza que Gramsci establece entre ideología y hegemonía conducirá a mostrar que, desde la perspectiva marxiana, resulta problemático ligar el concepto de hegemonía a las estrategias de la izquierda política para llegar al gobierno e introducir cambios en el funcionamiento del capitalismo que corrijan la situación de injusticia social que éste genera.
Investigación clínica y buenas prácticas clínicas. Más historias por contar
Authors: Suárez Obando Fernando
Published: December 2020

Con el objetivo de garantizar la conducción ética de la investigación científica en seres humanos y que en su ejecución prevalezcan el interés por la salud y el bienestar de los sujetos participantes, se han desarrollado diversas pautas, normas y parámetros dirigidos a la comunidad científica que implementa la investigación en estos sujetos. Uno de esos parámetros normativos es el de las buenas prácticas clínicas, el cual, luego de su implementación a través de la Resolución 2378 de 2008, se ha convertido en un documento orientador de gran relevancia para la investigación clínica en Colombia. El presente artículo relata sus orígenes y versiones, y reflexiona sobre sus limitaciones frente al debate ético que gira alrededor de la evaluación de protocolos de investigación por parte de los comités de ética.
The Lexicon of Transitive Verbs of Motion and the Asymmetry Between Goal and Source PPs
Authors: Vietri Simonetta
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research is to verify the hypotheses on the asymmetry between source and goal PPs from both a syntactic and a cognitive point of view.Nam’s (2004) syntactic analysis shows that Goal PPs behave like adjuncts while Source PPs are internal arguments. Lakusta and Landau’s (2005) cognitive experimental research reveals the tendency in speakers to express Goal paths over Source paths. Landau (2010) suggests that one of the causes of this asymmetry might be related to the lexicon: are there more attachment verbs than detachment verbs? If so, the more frequent exposure to goal paths would explain the goal bias.For this purpose I have classified approximately 500 Italian transitive verbs of motion, the analysis of which revealed that verbs showing a goal pattern account for the vast majority in the lexicon, but also that goal verbs and source verbs behave differently with respect to such properties as transitive-intransitive pronominal alternation and subject alternation. The former is much more frequent with goal verbs, while the latter is applicable only to goal verbs.Furthermore, the application of diagnostics like topicalization and pro-form confirms the syntactic asymmetry between source and goal PPs.
Persuasive Political Power Employed by Premier Imran Khan to Deform Identity: A Political Discourse Analysis
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Khan Iqra , Shahzad Khurram , Aslam Talha
Published: November 2020

The researchers investigate Pakistani Premier Imran Khan’s (IK) speech in which he called Bilawal Bhutto Zardari – Sahiba. Similarly, the leaders strongly need to convince their supporters when they deliver speeches on public platforms. However, utilizing the persuasive political power, the Premier (IK) propagated identity to promote the specific ideology to gain political benefits. The present research employs Political Discourse Analysis (PDA), to understand the social and political persuasive style employed by the premiere. The researchers have analyzed the data employing a qualitative approach. There are reliable findings to suggest that IK has successfully used stable vocabulary (taboo) to persuade the specific supporters, convincing them to deform the identity of Bilawal Bhutto. Later, the Premier faced considerable criticism from the opposition. However, for the time being, he successfully dominated through sociological and persuasive power sourcing the meaning-making structures of power. Hence, the politicians often convince their supporters/followers to utilize political-strategic tools and to remain in their political procession against their opponents.
Is the college farm sustainable? A reflective essay from Davidson College
Authors: Green Amanda , Martin David , Ghartey-Tagoe Gracie
Published: November 2020

Campus farms and gardens are proliferating across college and university campuses. While they may have unique missions, at their core those missions often include promoting student learning, campus sustainability, and strong campus-community relations. In this reflective essay, we share our perspective on the sustainability of one such farm, the Farm at Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina, to encourage other analysts to similarly assess the interactions among these missions and sustainability’s environmental, economic, and social pillars. We particularly emphasize the factors influencing the Farm’s social sustainability, including the institution’s pedagogical mission, treatment of farm labor, impact on the local food economy, and equitable provision of food for students. We find that the Farm administrators misconstrue “economic” sustainability as “financial” independence and profitability. This hampers the social mission of equitably supplying students with the farm’s food and offering curricular and extracurricular enrichment. We suggest ways forward that help administrators recognize the diverse values that fulfillment of additional social and environmental missions might provide, beyond direct revenues. We conclude with recommendations for institutions interested in pursuing a similar sustainability assessment of their campus farm or garden.
First Documented Cases of Canine Neuroangiostrongyliasis Due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Hawaii
Authors: Odani Jenee , Sox Erika , Coleman Will , Jha Rajesh , Malik Richard
Published: December 2020

Two young dogs domiciled in Honolulu, Hawaii, were presented in November and December 2018 (respectively) for spinal hyperesthesia, hindlimb weakness, and proprioceptive ataxia. Both dogs had neurologic findings referable to spinal cord disease. Both dogs had a combination of lower motor neuron signs (reduced muscle mass, decreased withdrawal reflexes, low tail carriage) and long tract signs (conscious proprioceptive deficits, crossed extensor response, increased myotatic reflexes). Peripheral eosinophilia was present in the second case, but hematology and serum biochemistries were otherwise unremarkable. Plain radiographs and computed tomography scans ± contrast were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from both patients demonstrated eosinophilic pleocytosis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction testing demonstrated Angiostrongylus cantonensis deoxyribonucleic acid in CSF, confirming a diagnosis of neuroangiostrongyliasis. Treatment included glucocorticoid therapy, ± anthelmintic (fenbendazole). Both dogs made a complete recovery. These are the first confirmed cases of autochthonous neuroangiostrongyliasis in canine patients in the United States and the first dogs anywhere to be diagnosed definitively with A cantonensis infection based on real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of CSF. A clinician examining a patient with severe spinal hyperesthesia and a combination of upper and lower motor signs should consider A cantonensis as a differential, especially in endemic areas.
The Justice of Tax Amnesty and Tax Compliance: Empirical Study in Indonesia
Authors: Sayidah Nur , Suryaningsum Sri , Murdianingrum Sri Luna , Assagaf Aminullah , Sugiyanto Hadi
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of perceptions of justice in tax amnesties on post-amnesty tax compliance. The independent variables employed were distributive justice, procedural justice, and retributive justice, and the dependent variable is tax compliance. Measurement of the variables was based on five Likert scales, from (1) Strongly Disagree to (5) Strongly Agree. The results of the multiple regression analysis of 133 questionnaire answers indicate that tax amnesty justice has a significant positive effect on post-amnesty tax compliance. The variables of tax justice that have a positive effect on tax compliance are procedural and retributive justice, with regression coefficients of 0.248 and 0.237 respectively, at a significance level of 0.00. A fairer tax amnesty policy will improve tax compliance after the amnesty period. The tax authorities need to make improvements to create a more equitable tax amnesty policy in the future.
A Virtual Community Pharmacy Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) in Response to COVID-19
Authors: Li Robin Moorman , Egelund Eric F. , Reid Jessica , Motycka Carol A. , Coyne Ashlan Kunz , Jakab Eric , Stultz Kimberly , Buring Shauna , Miller Stacy
Published: November 2020

The response to COVID-19 created a need to evaluate options and develop innovative solutions to assure students progressed towards graduation. Creating both a Community Pharmacy APPE Test-Out Option and a Virtual Community Pharmacy APPE was a positive experience which provided a vital resource for students who were unable to complete the traditional Community Pharmacy APPE due to the pandemic. This solution provided a unique opportunity to utilize the combined expertise of faculty to tailor the Community Pharmacy APPE based on the individual student’s previous experience and educational needs and meet both ACPE and graduation requirements. Further development of this option could prove useful as we move forward in these unprecedented times.
Causal Subclassification Tree Algorithm and Robust Causal Effect Estimation via Subclassification
Authors: Nakamura Tomoshige , Minami Mihoko
Published: December 2020

In observational studies, the existence of confounding variables should be attended to, and propensity score weighting methods are often used to eliminate their e ects. Although many causal estimators have been proposed based on propensity scores, these estimators generally assume that the propensity scores are properly estimated. However, researchers have found that even a slight misspecification of the propensity score model can result in a bias of estimated treatment effects. Model misspecification problems may occur in practice, and hence, using a robust estimator for causal effect is recommended. One such estimator is a subclassification estimator. Wang, Zhang, Richardson, & Zhou (2020) presented the conditions necessary for subclassification estimators to have $\sqrt{N}$-consistency and to be asymptotically well-defined and suggested an idea how to construct subclasses.
Optimization of Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks by Connectivity and Scheduling of Sensor Activity
Authors: Ibrahima Abdoulaye Ali , Bisso Saley , Diagne Salimata Gueye , Dione Dthi
Published: November 2020

In this article, we have addressed issues related to the optimization of the coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network by scheduling sensor activity with coverage and connectivity criteria. We presented a linear formulation of the coverage and connectivity that we solve with CPLEX. The results obtained show that sensor scheduling can improve the lifetime of a network by maintaining its coverage and connectivity.
High physical activity vs. quality of the trunk position and the efficiency of core muscles among young males
Authors: Łakoma Dominik , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Physical activity is considered to be one of the keystones of a healthy lifestyle and an indispensable condition for correct body posture. The purpose of the study was to check the body posture of young males with above-average physical activity and how the position of the trunk changes after extending the arms forward. The frequency and intensity of back pain among males in the study were also analyzed. Material and methods: The study involved 50 young, healthy males, whose high daily physical activity was confirmed by the IPAQ questionnaire. Body height and weight were checked, and BMI was calculated. The position of the trunk in three planes was examined using the ultrasonic Zebris Pointer system. The examination was performed twice: in the habitual standing position and in the position taken from the Matthiass test: standing position with the arms in front of the trunk (90o). The data was prepared in the Statistica v13 program. Results: The male participants were characterized by an incorrect depth of physiological curvatures of the spine and asymmetry of the position of the shoulder and pelvic girdles in the frontal plane. Extending the arms forward in a standing position resulted in flatter thoracic kyphosis, rounder lumbar lordosis and tilting the trunk backwards. Periodic pain sensation in the lumbar spine was reported by approximately 60% of participants. It was a mild pain that did not require painkillers. There were no significant relationships between the quality of the trunk position and pains in the lumbar region. Conclusions: High physical activity turned out to be insufficient to ensure correct body posture and efficiency of core muscles. Postural education should be a permanent element of health promotion programs aimed at increasing the quality of life.
Geração Z: Uma Análise das Ferramentas Empregadas pelos Alunos para Estudar Fora da Sala de Aula Conteúdos de Ciências
Authors: Paganotti Arilson , Voelzke Marcos Rincon , Rocha Vinícius Rocha de Souza
Published: November 2020

Que a tecnologia está intimamente ligada à vida dos jovens na sociedade não é nenhum mistério, mas será que essa intimidade entre a geração que hoje atravessa os níveis de Ensino Fundamental e Médio com a tecnologia influencia o modo como eles estudam? Mais importante ainda, será que tal familiaridade com as ferramentas tecnológicas não seria uma oportunidade para o advento de novas formas de ensinar e motivar o estudo? Este trabalho tem como tema central refletir sobre a influência da característica que marca os estudantes da atualidade: domínio e apego à tecnologia. Além disso, discutem-se resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como intuito principal descobrir quais ferramentas os estudantes utilizam para estudar fora da sala de aula conteúdos de Ciências da Natureza: Biologia, Física e Química. Responderam a um questionário 100 alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública estadual de Conselheiro Lafaiete, MG. O embasamento teórico, a análise e a discussão dos resultados orientou-se através da literatura que estuda o comportamento da Geração Z, de forma a evidenciar as principais implicações das características dessa geração no modo como estes estudantes realizam atividades escolares. Pesquisou-se também a acessibilidade dos estudantes às ferramentas de consulta e a predisposição destes a utilizá-las no dia a dia em atividades que não necessariamente envolvam o estudo. Concluiu-se que as ferramentas mais utilizadas pelos alunos para estudar, fora da sala de aula, são as digitais, com destaque para as videoaulas, que sobressaíram inclusive às informações textuais disponíveis na internet.
Ungleichheitswirkung von Sozialreformen in Lateinamerika
Authors: Weinmann Nico
Published: November 2020

Postmillennial social reforms implemented by the centre-left governments in Latin America aimed to achieve a significant reduction in inequality. This case study analyses the process of regulating domestic work in Uruguayan households, an internationally praised political development. Based on different sources, such as labour laws, parliamentary debates, political manifestos, qualitative interviews, social statistics and TV advertisements, the research shows that the implementation of a minimum wage, collective bargaining rights or the entitlement to social security had negligible effects on alleviating inequalities in this sector. The findings of the study allow us to generalise about other ambitious social reforms of that time. Furthermore, they question popular premises within Latin American studies. This study challenges the thesis that domestic work can be regarded as a prototype of ‘informal labour’ which is unregulated or even impossible to regulate.
Study of a New Hybrid Optimization-Based Method for Obtaining Parameter Values of Solar Cells
Authors: Tchoketch Kebir Selma
Published: December 2020

This chapter presents a comprehensive study of a new hybrid method developed for obtaining the electrical unknown parameters of solar cells. The combination of a traditional method and a recent smart swarm-based optimization method is done, with a big focus on the application of the topic of artificial intelligence algorithms into solar photovoltaic production. The combined approach was done between the traditional method, which is the noniterative Levenberg-Marquardt technic and between the recent meta-heuristic optimization technic, called Grey Wolf optimizer algorithm. For comparison purposes, some other classical solar cell parameter determination optimization-based methods are carried out, such as the numerical (iterative, noniterative) methods, the meta-heuristics (evolution, human, physic, and swarm) methods, and other hybrid methods. The final obtained results show that the used hybrid method outperforms the above-mentioned classical methods, under this study.
Tribological Behavior of Polymers and Polymer Composites
Authors: Deleanu Lorena , Botan Mihail , Georgescu Constantin
Published: December 2020

This chapter means to explain the tribological behavior of polymer-based materials, to support a beneficial introducing of those materials in actual applications based on test campaigns and their results. Generally, the designers have to take into consideration a set of tribological parameters, not only one, including friction coefficient, wear, temperature in contact, contact durability related to application. Adding materials in polymers could improve especially wear with more than one order of magnitude, but when harder fillers are added (as glass beads, short fibers, minerals) the friction coefficient is slightly increased as compared to neat polymer. In this chapter, there are presented several research studies done by the authors, from which there is point out the importance of composite formulation based on experimental results. For instance, for PBT sliding on steel there was obtained a friction coefficient between 0.15 and 0.3, but for the composite with PBT + micro glass beads, the value of friction coefficient was greater. Adding a polymer playing the role of a solid lubricant (PTFE) in these composites and also only in PBT, decreased the friction coefficient till a maximum value of 0.25. The wear parameter, linear wear rate of the block (from block-on-ring tester) was reduced from 4.5 μm/(N⋅km) till bellow 1 μm/(N⋅km) for a dry sliding regime of 2.5…5 N, for all tested sliding velocities, for the composite PBT + 10% glass beads +10% PTFE, the most promising composite from this family of materials. This study emphasis the importance of polymer composite recipe and the test parameters. Also there are presented failure mechanisms within the tribolayer of polymer-based materials and their counterparts.
Patentability of the Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines: A Legal and Ethical Aspect
Authors: Sayar Kanyış Tansu , Arslan Ezgi , Kanyış Oğuzhan
Published: December 2020

In this study, patentability of the human embryonic stem cell lines has discussed in the legal and ethical perspectives. In vitro human embryonic stem cells can be defined as body parts that are departed from the body. Human embryonic stem cell lines are constituted of differentiated self-renewal pluripotent stem cells, which means they have no characteristics to become a human-being. However, interpreting the terms like human embryo and right to property widely can cause the human embryonic stem cell lines are misunderstood as unpatentable. For our point of view, giving the human embryo the protections of both personal rights of the donor and the right to property of the owner of the invention does not reduce the legal/moral status of the human embryo. Besides, the obligations which these rights imposes to their owners, such as the principle of human dignity and prohibition of financial gain can protect the human embryo in a better way.
Everyday Multicultural Life Versus Sense of National Belonging. Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Szerląg Alicja
Published: November 2020

National belonging becomes problematic for minorities functioning in multinational countries, as its development is determined by multiple factors. On the one hand, such individuals identify themselves with their own cultural heritage. On the other hand, they can whether close themselves within the limits of their own culture, or quite the contrary – cross its borders, opening towards the culturally different. In the latter case, their cultural identities are of dual nature and take place in diverse spaces, specific for the cultural borderland in which these minorities function. Areas of identification, characteristic for the Polish national minority living at the Vilnius meeting point of cultures, entail public, nationally dual, and community spheres. Experiencing them results in the interpenetration of Polishness and Lithuanianness, crucial for their sense of national belonging, the formation of cultural identity, and the construction of a community at the meeting point of cultures. Moreover, such cultural experience acquired in multicultural conditions provides with an important reference for education.
Czechoslovak Assistance with the Development of Military Technical College in Cairo
Authors: Vyhlídal Milan
Published: November 2020

The paper presents Czechoslovak-Egyptian cooperation in the field of military education in years 1958–1977. The article deals mainly with the assistance of the Military Academy of Antonín Zápotocký in Brno in establishing and building Military Technical College in Cairo with regard to important events of that period (for example Arab-Israeli Wars and occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968). The article is based on sources from Czech military archives.
Vysokoteplotní fázové transformace kaolinitu v závislosti na krystalinitě
Authors: Štursa Petr , Všianský Dalibor , Lang Karel , Nevřivová Lenka , Tvrdík Lukáš , Kovář Pavel , Keršnerová Lucie
Published: November 2020

Although kaolinite is one the most important industrial minerals, the processes of its transformation to mullite have not been completely explained so far. The study is focused on kaolinite crystallinity calculation and its effect on high-temperature phases transitions in the series kaolinite-mullite. Samples of purified natural kaolins from several sites were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides the determination of the complex mineral composition, kaolinite crystallite size was calculated from XRD data by the Rietveld method, Scherrer equation and using the Hinckley crystallinity index. Thermal analysis (DSC/TG) was used as the principal approach to examine endothermic and exothermic effects of kaolinite transformations. The course and maximum temperatures of the observed effects were correlated with the original crystallite size of kaolinite. Two samples with different kaolinite crystallinity were also analysed by high-temperature X-ray diffraction (ht-XRD) to study the formation of mullite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visualize morphology of kaolinite.It was found out that the original crystallinity of kaolinite affects all three examined processes-kaolinite dehydroxylation, formation of crystalline phases from metakaolinite and development of mullite crystal structure. Dehydroxylation of samples with higher kaolinite crystallinity takes place at higher temperatures. Similar effect applies for the reaction(-s) at the temperature about 980 °C observed at heat flow curve where crystallization of spinel type phase and mullite with very low crystallinity occurs. Broadening of FWHM of the exothermic effect points to decreasing kaolinite crystallinity. Crystallization of mullite exhibits different dependence on kaolinite crystallinity than the previous processes. The results show that mullite with larger crystallite size develops faster from kaolinite of low crystallinity and vice versa.
Aula 1 de Pendurela: Como inventar uma docência em matemática pela reescrita de si?
Authors: Aurich Grace Da Ré , Bello Samuel Edmundo López
Published: November 2020

Derivada de uma pesquisa de doutorado em uma perspectiva que se afasta do estruturalismo e se inspira nas filosofias da diferença, a Aula 1 de Pendurela intenciona mostrar um processo de caráter singular de diferimento de sentidos, de produção de diferença para a invenção de uma docência em matemática, que consiste na repetição da escrita de si. O processo de reescrita constitui-se como uma experimentação filosófica que acontece ao recolher instantaneidades de uma docência em meio à vida coladas no Vidário de Pendurela e que, ao serem reescritas, têm seus clichês raspados, desse modo, criando uma docência outra a partir do arranjamento entre os conceitos de Escrita de si em Foucault e de Repetição em Deleuze. Prescrições de docências-dadas foram desestabilizadas pensando-se a potência de uma docência em meio à vida, que difere continuamente sem se fixar por ser unívoca. Desse modo, mostrou-se a invenção de uma docência em matemática que evidencia os conceitos de devir, vontade de potência e univocidade na problematização dessa invenção pela reescrita de si.
Sobre o estudar com professoras que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: a ideia de uma formação-trilha
Authors: Brigo Jussara , Flores Cláudia Regina , Wagner Débora Regina
Published: November 2020

Este artigo problematiza o estudar com um grupo de professoras que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, compondo um tipo de formação que se denominou pelo ato de caminhar, de trilhar. Um trilhar que, pelas fadigas do andar nos trilhos, nos convoca a fugir de caminhos marcados-cristalizados, incitando-nos a parar, a deter-se, a perder-se, a furar espaços, ahabitar outros, a pensar. Disto fazer emergir pensamentos, ações, forças, resistências, palavras, ficções e reinvenções de coisas que abrem fendas com os próprios pés, e traçam trilhas errantes em outros espaços. Daí a estratégia de um tipo de formação que se dá antes pelo verbo estudar, do que pelo formar. Estudar como um fazer-se trilha, trilhar-se. E, assim, intensificando a percepção de que a trilha é uma espécie de corpo-estudo que está à espera de que algo aconteça, que algo inter-venha. Algo que não é mais da ordem do planejado e esperado, da formação, mas de uma prática e de um exercício educacional de liberdade e silêncio. Pelo estudar exercita-se o silêncio, habita-se espaços e trajetos, cria-se trilhas, num ato solitário e ou em (com)-panhia, onde matemática e o ensino da matemática aparecem como problemáticas de estudo.
Why is it Difficult to Talk About the (Coherent) Post-Communist Welfare State Model? Comparative Analysis of the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Romania
Authors: Svirbutaitė-Krutkienė Giedrė , Guogis Arvydas
Published: December 2020

The study of welfare states, after the substantiation of the classical typologies of R. Titmuss and G. Esping-Andersen at the end of the last century, is being developed by other authors, one of the original works of which is the modelling of post-communist Central and Eastern European (CEE) states. Despite some similarities in the CEE countries, they also show significant differences in welfare provision, as confirmed by statistical and comparative analysis of the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Romania. The authors of the article argue that it is scientifically difficult to speak of a coherent post-communist welfare state model. Instead, several models of welfare states should be defined in CEE.
Rural Community Organizations in Lithuania: Analysis of Teritorial Network
Authors: Ščerbinskaitė Simona
Published: December 2020

Rural areas in Lithuania have been experiencing negative changes for some time now: over three decades, the rural population has decreased by 270 thousand; moreover, 2011 data shows that more than 4 rural settlements were no longer inhabited. Rural community organizations (RCO) are often identified as one of the effective tools that can slow down these negative changes and enable development of rural areas. Based on similar essential elements (social capital, identity, leader) RCO can be considered as an institutionalized form of community. They both depend on human resources and their relationships. In 2020, total of 1,887 rural community organizations were registered in Lithuania, their network consisted of 1,745 rural settlements. 118 of these had more than one RCO in their territory, as a result, rural community organizations were clustered in area. The estimated average distance between RCO was 3.7 kilometers. The analysis revealed that a statistically significant part of the RCO is concentrated near municipal administrative centers: at a distance of 10 kilometers from them (that is, 37.3% rural areas of the country), 45.2% of all rural community organizations are concentrated. Due to demographic trends, territorial disparities in representation occur: the smallest representation is in the suburban municipalities near the big cities, and the highest one is in the sparsely populated municipalities of South-Eastern and Northern Lithuania.
Research of Intra-generational Heterogeneity in the Life Course Paradigm
Authors: Kraniauskienė Sigita , Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: December 2020

The article discusses methodological issues how to explore and interpret intra-cohort and intragenerational variability within the theoretical framework of the life-course paradigm. Starting with an assumption that social variation within one generation and its permanence over the time should be explained as a sociological fact, we propose methodological guidelines how to approach the topic of intragenerational variability in the analysis of narratives of family histories. To demonstrate how to analyse and read empirical data, we present three life stories of women, born in 1936, who migrated to Klaipėda Region, Lithuania, after World War II. The narrative analysis, supported with demographical data, shows how the early experience of socialization is eventually translated into ethnic differences and solidifies the structure of intragenerational variability.
Psichologo profesinė etika : mokomoji knyga
Authors: Čepukienė Viktorija
Published: December 2020

Ši mokomoji knyga ir yra skirta supažindinti skaitytoją su baziniais psichologo profesinės etikos aspektais. Siekiant geriau suprasti profesinės etikos aspektus, knyga pradedama nuo kelių etikos teorijų, kurios tebevyrauja formuojant psichologų profesinę etiką, pristatymo. Antrame ir trečiame skyriuose skaitytojai supažindinami su etinių sprendimų priėmimo modeliais ir etikos kodeksais tų šalių, kurių psichologų asociacijos jau daugiau nei pusė šimtmečio tikslingai plėtoja profesinės etikos standartus. Šių šalių psichologų patyrimas yra itin svarbus, nes tampa gerosios praktikos šaltiniu ir rodo kelią kitoms šalims, kaip atsakingai ir kryptingai vystyti profesinę etiką. Kituose skyriuose pristatomi baziniai profesinės etikos aspektai, dėl kurių psichologai dažniausiai susiduria su etikos iššūkiais: profesinė kompetencija, informuotas sutikimas, profesinių santykių ribos, privatumas ir konfidencialumas. Toliau paliečiami kai kurie specifiniai etikos aspektai vykdant tokias psichologo profesinės veiklos funkcijas kaip psichologinis vertinimas ir psichologinis konsultavimas bei etikos iššūkiai dirbant su rizikos grupių klientais. Knyga baigiama pristatant svarbiausius etikos elementus ir iššūkius psichologijos moksliniuose tyrimuose.[...]Kadangi mokomoji knyga liečia bazinius bendruosius profesinės etikos aspektus, pirmiausia ji skirta psichologijos bakalauro studijų programų studentams. Tačiau ji taip pat gali būti naudinga psichologijos magistro studijų programose studijuojantiesiems ir profesionaliems psichologams, norintiems prisiminti bazinius profesinės etikos aspektus. [...]
Um manicômio em colapso: da aridez do abandono à fluidez da liberdade
Authors: Kinker Fernando Sfair
Published: December 2020

Neste livro, Fernando Kinker reflete sobre a experiência de transformação de um hospital psiquiátrico localizado em uma cidade do interior nordestino. Para isso relata o processo de intervenção federal que lá se deu em 2005 e discute o papel do manicômio na sociedade contemporânea.
Las normas que dan origen a la responsabilidad civil y a la responsabilidad infraccional en la Ley 19.496.
Authors: Isler Soto Erika
Published: December 2020

Si bien la Ley 19.496 sobre Protección de los Derechos de los Consumidores establece que de sus normas puede surgir responsabilidad civil y responsabilidad infraccional o administrativa, no menciona expresamente la relación que existe entre una y otra. De la misma manera, la técnica legislativa no otorga claridad respecto de las normas que son fuente de una y otra. Este documento revisa lo que ha señalado la doctrina al respecto, así como los pronunciamientos judiciales de los cuales pudiera derivarse una respuesta. La tesis que se adhiere es la unitaria, esto es, que todas las normas de esta Ley pueden dar origen indistintamente a la acción civil e infraccional.
Democracia y exclusión: un contrasentido del sistema
Authors: Becerra Valdivia Katherine
Published: December 2020

El sistema democrático, que siempre se ha establecido como un modelo en donde gobiernan las mayorías, pero con un respeto a las minorías, tiene un vicio que se ha configurado desde su origen: han existido y existen una serie de personas que aun queriéndolo, no pueden participar en la toma de decisiones públicas. En este trabajo se trata a la mujer, como un colectivo que históricamente ha quedado en lo privado y no en lo público, y a los inmigrantes, que en razón de los conceptos de nacionalidad y ciudadanía, quedan fuera de poder participar efectivamente en el Estado de residencia. Estos son ejemplos de que la democracia hoy resulta excluyente para una serie de actores que podrían aportar mucho en el quehacer nacional.
Proximate Composition, Phytochemical and Mineral Analysis of Cooked and Raw Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum)
Authors: Eromosele Ojokoh , O. Ojokoh Linda , M. Nwachukwu Chidinma , Richard Omonu , C. Eletuanya Jessica
Published: December 2020

Aim: This work attempts to determine the bioactive agents’ groups probably responsible for the diverse growth characteristics and medicinal uses of (Tetracarpidium conophorum) Nigerian walnut.

Methodology: The following analyses were carried out in the study proximate, phytochemical and mineral were analyzed.

Results: The result for proximate analysis of the raw and cooked walnut seed extract contained the following parameters 42.57% and 40.91% moisture content, 20.54% and 23.03% protein, 4.51% and 4.27% Fat content, 7.26% and 7.05% crude fiber, 5.02% and 5.16% Ash content, 20.12% and 19.59% carbohydrate respectively. The phytochemical analysis results obtained revealed the presence of bioactive compounds containing 0.92 mg/100 g Tannin, 1.69 mg/100 g Saponin, 2.78 mg/100 g Flavonoid, 0.41 mg/100 g Alkaloid for cooked walnut while raw walnut contained 1.10 mg/100 g Tannin, 3.09 mg/100 g Oxalate, 2.63 mg/100 g Phytate, 3.43 mg/100 g Saponin, 3.19 mg/100 g Flavonoid and 1.34 mg/100 g Alkaloid. This study has shown the phytochemical, mineral and proximate compositions of boiled Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds.

Conclusion: The study revealed that the boiled seeds contain concentrations of alkaloids and also contain moderate quantities of tannins. These bioactive compounds could be responsible for the reported medicinal properties of Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds. This partly shows the use of this seed in herbal medicine.
Partially Purified 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulphurtransferase Obtained from the Intestine of Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) as a Detoxifier of Cyanide
Authors: Sanni A. A. , Ige O. M. , Olagunju G. B. , Olukade B. A.
Published: November 2020

Cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) is an herbivorous animal which feeds on plant materials, including cassavas that are known to contain cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanide or cyanogenic glycosides are known to be toxic for animal consumption. Therefore, Cane rat must have an inherent mechanism for detoxifying cyanide to be able to survive on its food. Previous works on 3MST have been done on several tissues of cane rats other than the intestine. In this work, we characterized and explored a partially purified 3MST (cyanide detoxifying enzyme) from the intestine of a cane rat for a possible therapeutic source against cyanide poisoning in other mammals that are susceptible to the toxin. 3MST from the intestine of T. swinderianus had a yield of 10.3% with specific activity of 0.21Umg-. The Km and Vmax values of the 3-MST were determined to be 40 mm and 0.20µmol/ml/min respectively for KCN (Potassium Cyanide); also 33.3 mm and 0.15 µmol/ml/min for mercaptoethanol. 3-MST presents in the intestine of T. swinderianus plays a significant role in detoxification of cyanogenic compounds, which makes it an effective target for cyanide poisoning therapy.
Consumers’ Knowledge and Perception towards Organic Foods: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khattab Rabie Y. , Ammar Welayah A. Al , Purayidathil Tunny S.
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the consumer perception towards organic foods in the Saudi market and to scrutinize factors influencing the purchasing decision.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between February 2020 and May 2020.

Methodology: We included 406 Saudi adults from both genders. A valid and reliable questionnaire was distributed in different regions. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.

Results: Results showed that 71.40% of participants consume organic foods with insignificant differences among regions, genders, education levels or health status. Participants above 50 years old reported significantly higher consumption (p<0.05). Moreover, 87% of the participants who were not purchasing organic foods showed future eagerness to buy these foods and were willing to pay up to 100% price increase. The major drives to buy or consume organic foods were consumers’ health perception (43.86%), nutritive primacy (22.35%), sensory attributes (12.69%) and environmental friendly characteristics (6.66%) of these foods. The major limiting factors, however, were the higher prices (50%) and limited availability (30%).

Conclusion: Saudi consumers are knowledgeable about organic foods and are keen to include them in their shopping lists. Organic farming should be encouraged for an adequate availability and reasonable prices of such foods in the local markets.
Ternary Ta2PdS6 Atomic Layers for an Ultrahigh Broadband Photoresponsive Phototransistor
Authors: Yu Peng , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhu Chao , Zhou Liujiang , Zhao Weina , Tong Jinchao , Liu Zheng , Yang Guowei
Published: November 2020

2D noble‐transition‐metal chalcogenides (NTMCs) are emerging as a promising class of optoelectronic materials due to ultrahigh air stability, large bandgap tunability, and high photoresponse. Here, a new set of 2D NTMC: Ta2PdS6 atomic layers is developed, displaying the excellent comprehensive optoelectronic performance with an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 1.42 × 106 A W−1, detectivity of 7.1 × 1010 Jones and a high photoconductive gain of 2.7 × 106 under laser illumination at a wavelength of 633 nm with a power of 0.025 W m−2, which is ascribed to a photogating effect via study of the device band profiles. Especially, few‐layer Ta2PdS6 exhibits a good broadband photoresponse, ranging from 450 nm in the ultraviolet region to 1450 nm in the shortwave infrared (SIR) region. Moreover, this material also delivers an impressive electronic performance with electron mobility of ≈25 cm2V–1s–1, Ion/Ioff ratio of 106, and a one‐year air stability, which is better than those of most reported 2D materials. Our studies underscore Ta2PdS6 as a promising 2D material for nano‐electronic and nano‐optoelectronic applications.
Persistent Conjugated Backbone and Disordered Lamellar Packing Impart Polymers with Efficient n‐Doping and High Conductivities
Authors: Lu Yang , Yu Zi‐Di , Un Hio‐Ieng , Yao Ze‐Fan , You Hao‐Yang , Jin Wenlong , Li Liang , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Dong Bo‐Wei , Barlow Stephen , Longhi Elena , Di Chong‐an , Zhu Daoben , Wang Jie‐Yu , Silva Carlos , Marder Seth R. , Pei Jian
Published: November 2020

Solution‐processable highly conductive polymers are of great interest in emerging electronic applications. For p‐doped polymers, conductivities as high a nearly 105 S cm−1 have been reported. In the case of n‐doped polymers, they often fall well short of the high values noted above, which might be achievable, if much higher charge‐carrier mobilities determined could be realized in combination with high charge‐carrier densities. This is in part due to inefficient doping and dopant ions disturbing the ordering of polymers, limiting efficient charge transport and ultimately the achievable conductivities. Here, n‐doped polymers that achieve a high conductivity of more than 90 S cm−1 by a simple solution‐based co‐deposition method are reported. Two conjugated polymers with rigid planar backbones, but with disordered crystalline structures, exhibit surprising structural tolerance to, and excellent miscibility with, commonly used n‐dopants. These properties allow both high concentrations and high mobility of the charge carriers to be realized simultaneously in n‐doped polymers, resulting in excellent electrical conductivity and thermoelectric performance.
Contact Lenses for Color Vision Deficiency
Authors: Elsherif Mohamed , Salih Ahmed E. , Yetisen Ali K. , Butt Haider
Published: November 2020

Color blindness or color vision deficiency (CVD) affects around 4.5% of the population in Europe. There have been several attempts to assist color‐blind individuals using color filter glasses. Here, contact lenses are developed to assist individuals suffering from color blindness. Two dyes (Atto 488 and 565) that provide the desired absorption wavelength ranges are selected to be immobilized in soft contact lenses. The chosen dyes have absorption bands in wavelength ranges of 480–500 and 550–580 nm. Both dyes are individually immobilized in contact lenses, and over 95% of the light in the undesired ranges are blocked. The dyes do not diffuse out from lenses in artificial tears and contact lens storage solution. Performances of the developed contact lenses are compared to commercial color‐blind glasses. The contact lenses are tested in color vision deficient patients using Ishihara test. Participants indicate enhancement in the visibility of the colors and their contrast in a color rich environment. The proposed contact lenses show enhanced results as compared to commercial color‐blind glasses in indoors and achieved similar outcomes outdoors.
Threat to the Throne: Can Two Cooperating Boron Atoms Rival Transition Metals in Chemical Bond Activation and Catalysis?
Authors: Prey Sven E. , Wagner Matthias
Published: November 2020

Certain electron‐rich 1,4‐diborabenzene derivatives efficiently activate single, double, and triple bonds and thereby increasingly compete with transition metals in homogeneous catalysis. This review compares the activation of three model substrates (H2, H2C=CH2, CO2) by (i) 9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐diboraanthracene dianions, (ii) their neutral carbene‐stabilized congeners, (iii) 1,3,2,5‐diazadiborinines, and (iv) 1,4,2,5‐diazadiborinines. Distinct structure‐properties relationships become apparent, the most influential factors being (i) the steric demands of the B‐bonded substituents, (ii) the charges on the B‐doped (hetero)arenes, (iii) charge polarization as a result of additional N‐doping, and (iv) the energies and nodal structures of the frontier orbitals. The observed reactions are explained by a transition metal‐like activation mechanism. If the two boron atoms are chemically inequivalent, contributions of a B(+I)/B(+III) mixed‐valence state determine the observed regioselectivities when polar substrates are added. The lessons learned from the conversions of the model substrates are subsequently used to rationalize the behavior of the B2 heterocycles also toward more sophisticated substrate molecules. Finally, catalytic cycles based on H2‐ and H−‐transfers, hydroboration reactions, and CO2 reductions will be covered.

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Ethyl 2‐Cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) Acetate (ortho‐NosylOXY)‐Mediated Double Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes under Microwave Irradiation: A Mechanistic Perception
Authors: Dev Dharm , Kalita Tapasi , Mondal Tanmay , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: November 2020

A method for Beckmann rearrangement using ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) acetate (o‐NosylOXY) under microwave irradiation is reported. Ketoximes (19 examples) are converted to the corresponding amides/lactams with 69–97% yields in ∼10 minutes without any Lewis acid or co‐catalyst. This is an example of halogen‐free organocatalytic Beckmann rearrangement. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐ and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)‐based detailed mechanistic investigation suggest that o‐NosylOXY acts as an initiator. Such initiators are reported before based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. However, we report here the HRMS signatures of two transient intermediates, the nitrilium ion and the nitrilium ion's dimeric species. Rigorous NMR‐based investigation of the reaction mechanism is performed. Our results indicate that the reported Beckmann rearrangement proceeds via two consecutive rearrangements.

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