bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative multi-omic analyses of cardiac mitochondrial stress in three mouse models of frataxin deficiency
Authors: Sayles Nicole M. , Napierala Jill S. , Anrather Josef , Diedhiou Nadège , Li Jixue , Napierala Marek , Puccio Hélène , Manfredi Giovanni
Published: September 2023

Cardiomyopathy is often fatal in Friedreich ataxia (FA). However, FA hearts maintain adequate function until advanced disease stages, suggesting initial adaptation to the loss of frataxin (FXN). Conditional cardiac knockout mouse models of FXN show transcriptional and metabolic profiles of the mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt), which could play an adaptive role. However, the ISRmt has not been investigated in models with disease-relevant, partial decrease in FXN. We characterized the heart transcriptomes and metabolomes of three mouse models with varying degrees of FXN depletion: YG8-800, KIKO-700 and FXNG127V. Few metabolites were changed in YG8-800 mice, which did not provide a signature of cardiomyopathy or ISRmt; several metabolites were altered in FXNG127V and KIKO-700 hearts. Transcriptional changes were found in all models, but differentially expressed genes consistent with cardiomyopathy and ISRmt were only identified in FXNG127V hearts. However, these changes were surprisingly mild even at advanced age (18 months), despite a severe decrease in FXN levels to 1% of those of wild type. These findings indicate that the mouse heart has low reliance on FXN, highlighting the difficulty in modeling genetically relevant FA cardiomyopathy.
A ubiquitin–proteasome pathway degrades the inner nuclear membrane protein Bqt4 to maintain nuclear membrane homeostasis
Authors: Le Toan Khanh , Hirano Yasuhiro , Asakawa Haruhiko , Okamoto Koji , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi
Published: September 2023

Aberrant accumulation of inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins is associated with deformed nuclear morphology and mammalian diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of INM homeostasis remain poorly understood. In this study, we explored the degradation mechanisms of the INM protein Bqt4 in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We have previously shown that Bqt4 interacts with the transmembrane protein Bqt3 at the INM and is degraded in the absence of Bqt3. Here, we reveal that excess Bqt4, unassociated with Bqt3, is targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system localized in the nucleus and Bqt3 antagonizes this process. The degradation process involves the Doa10 E3 ligase complex at the INM. Bqt4 is a tail-anchored protein and the Cdc48 complex is required for its degradation. The C-terminal transmembrane domain of Bqt4 was necessary and sufficient for proteasome-dependent protein degradation. Accumulation of Bqt4 at the INM impaired cell viability with nuclear envelope deformation, suggesting that quantity control of Bqt4 plays an important role in nuclear membrane homeostasis.
Compromised junctional integrity phenocopies age-dependent renal dysfunction in Drosophila Snakeskin mutants
Authors: Dornan Anthony J. , Halberg Kenneth V. , Beuter Liesa-Kristin , Davies Shireen-Anne , Dow Julian A. T.
Published: September 2023

Transporting epithelia provide a protective barrier against pathogenic insults while allowing the controlled exchange of ions, solutes and water with the external environment. In invertebrates, these functions depend on formation and maintenance of ‘tight’ septate junctions (SJs). However, the mechanism by which SJs affect transport competence and tissue homeostasis, and how these are modulated by ageing, remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila renal (Malpighian) tubules undergo an age-dependent decline in secretory capacity, which correlates with mislocalisation of SJ proteins and progressive degeneration in cellular morphology and tissue homeostasis. Acute loss of the SJ protein Snakeskin in adult tubules induced progressive changes in cellular and tissue architecture, including altered expression and localisation of junctional proteins with concomitant loss of cell polarity and barrier integrity, demonstrating that compromised junctional integrity is sufficient to replicate these ageing-related phenotypes. Taken together, our work demonstrates a crucial link between epithelial barrier integrity, tubule transport competence, renal homeostasis and organismal viability, as well as providing novel insights into the mechanisms underpinning ageing and renal disease.
Aberrant anatomy angel – a near-miss penetrating neck trauma and a life-saving retropharyngeal right subclavian artery
Authors: Menon Sanjana Vijayan , Ponen Kreyen , Williams Aman Berry
Published: September 2023

Penetrating neck injuries constitute a relatively rare subset of trauma, which unfortunately carries with it significant morbidity and mortality. In the Emergency Department (ED), rapid clinical decompensation related to haemorrhagic, obstructive or mixed damage to major vessels and airways is typically the primary culprit, which is compounded even further by any intrathoracic involvement. Even rarer, however, is to sustain such an injury with no haemodynamic compromise and follow through with an uneventful clinical course. Here we present a remarkable case of a dirt-bike accident which left a male impaled by a tree branch, and the swift clinical conduct along with the fortuitous variation in his anatomy that saved his life.
Impact of combining Lenvatinib with Transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Long Jianwu , Liu Longfei , Yang Xuefeng , Lu Xianzhou , Qin Lei
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To investigate the impact of combining lenvatinib with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study which reviewed the medical records of 103 unresectable HCC patients from January 2017 to June 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. It included 46 patients who received TACE plus lenvatinib and 57 patients who received TACE alone. The levels of serum indicators, clinical effect, adverse events, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups.

Results: AFP and VEGF levels in the TACE+lenvatinib group post-treatment were significantly lower than the TACE group (P<0.05). The clinical efficacy in the TACE+lenvatinib group (69.57%) was higher than that in the TACE group (40.35%) post-treatment (P<0.05). There were significant differences in hypertension, diarrhea, and bleeding (gingiva) between the two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in one or two year PFS rate or one year OS between groups (P>0.05), while the two years survival rate in the TACE+lenvatinib group was significantly higher than that in the TACE group (P<0.05).

Conclusions: TACE combined with lenvatinib have a high clinical effective rate, with reduced AFP and VEGF levels, higher two year survival rate, and acceptable incidence of adverse events.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7944

How to cite this: Long J, Liu L, Yang X, Lu X, Qin L. Impact of combining Lenvatinib with Transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7944

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Role of Human Papilloma Virus 16/18 In Laryngeal Carcinoma with Correlation to the Expression of Cyclin D1, p53, p16 and EGFR
Authors: Tariq Naila , Mirza Talat , Ansari Maqsood , Nazir Sobia
Published: September 2023

Objective: To investigate the role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) (16/18) in relation to the molecular genetic mechanisms of Cyclin D1, p53, p16, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSSC)

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 88 (Formalin-fixed Paraffin Embedded) FFPE laryngeal biopsies were done at Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Centre, Karachi from 2010 to 2019 with the application of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV 16/18and Immuno-histochemical staining for molecular genetic expression of proteins, Cyclin D1, p53, p16, and EGFR.

Results: Out of 88 cases of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSSC) there was female preponderance. Mean age of the participants was found as 50.7±12.8 years. High risk HPV 16/18 was positive in 28 cases (31.8%), largely related to Grade-II and Grade-III. Immunohistochemically, Cyclin D1 (87.5%) appeared as the most important driver mutation followed by p16 (86.4%), EGFR (65.9%), and, p53 was positive in (61.4%) of cases.

Conclusion: The role of high-risk HPV 16/18 is concurred in the present study strongly in correlation to p16 as a surrogate marker. Moreover, the other driver mutations of Cyclin D1, p53, and EGFR are also implicated as cumulative molecular events in tumor progression as mostly seen in higher Grades.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.8220

How to cite this: Tariq N, Mirza T, Ansari M, Nazir S. Role of Human Papilloma Virus 16/18 In Laryngeal Carcinoma with Correlation to the Expression of Cyclin D1, p53, p16 and EGFR. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.8220

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of feed enriched by products formulated from coconut water, palm sap sugar, and mushroom on the chemical composition of feed and carcass, growth performance, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy (Lacepède, 1801), juveniles
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Syandri Hafrijal , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul
Published: September 2023

Background: Giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy is the most important freshwater fish species produced by aquaculture in Indonesia. This study aimed to the effects of various newly formulated products on the amino acid composition of the diet and whole-body carcass, and to analyse the growth coefficient, body indices, and gut micromorphology.

Methods: One hundred gram of palm sap sugar was cooked in 1.1 litre of fresh water for fifteen minutes, to create 1 litre of 11% palm sap sugar solution (after some of it had been boiled off). Two litres of coconut water were then mixed with the litre of palm sugar solution. One litre of this product was added in turn to 2 g of Aspergillus niger (CP2), 2 g of Rhizopus oligosporus (CP3), and 2 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CP4), while freshwater was used as a control (labeled CP1). Aquafeed was added to CP1, CP2, CP3, and CP4, to make diets labeled KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4. The dosage was 150 ml/kg of feed. Juvenile giant gourami (initial weight 50±0.25 g and length 13.2±0.07 cm) were reared in triplicate net frames (2×1×1 m; water volume 1.5 m 3) in a freshwater concrete pond with a stocking density of 30 juveniles/net.

Results: The results supported our hypothesis that different product formulations have a significant effect (P < 0.05) on aquafeed nutrition and the whole-body carcass, growth coefficient, feed utilization, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami juveniles. The thermal growth coefficient strongly correlated with the daily growth coefficient (r 2 = 92%), condition factor (r2 = 77%), protein efficiency ratio (r2 = 75%), while a moderate relationship with the feed intake ( r2 = 69%).

Conclusions: Diet KP3 contains higher total amino acids in diets and carcasses and leads to feed efficiency and better growth for giant gourami.
Case Report: Tracheal infiltration with wheezing revealing Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Daboussi Selsabil , Saidane Asma , Mhamdi Samira , boubaker Nouha , Mariem Chaabane , Aichaouia Chiraz , Hela Ghedira , Msadek Fehmi , Zied Moetemri
Published: September 2023

Hodgkin's disease with an initial tracheobronchial involvement is not common. The symptoms might be misleading, resulting in a diagnosis delay. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with a one-month history of wheezing associated with a dry cough. The physical examination revealed a good general state of health, bilateral wheezing and supra-clavicular lymphadenopathy. The adenopathy biopsy's histopathology revealed Hodgkin lymphoma. The whole body FDG-PET scan was an important tool to assess the diagnosis as well as for the staging. The patient was treated with chemotherapy. Another unusual aspect is the tracheobronchial metastasis confirmed by a bronchial biopsy. Thus, our patient was put on a second-line chemotherapy. She died one year after the initial diagnosis. To conclude, it is an atypical clinical presentation of an Hodgkin lymphoma with a tracheobronchial relapse. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of asthma or a tracheal tumor.
Investigating the link between frontal sinus morphology and craniofacial characteristics with sex: A 3D CBCT study on the South Indian population
Authors: Denny Ceena , Bhoraskar Mohana , Abdul Aziz Shaikh Sabiha , T S Bastian , Sujir Nanditha , Natarajan Srikant
Published: September 2023

Background: Measurement of craniofacial parameters plays an important role in sex determination in forensic science. The present study was done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to evaluate the morphologic structure of the frontal sinuses and compare it with the width of nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular width which might help us in sex determination.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using 142 full field of view (FOV) scans of patients archived from the department. The width of the nose, cranium, maxilla, and mandibular width was measured and compared with the frontal sinus between the two sexes.

Results: A paired t-test was done to compare the linear measurements for both sexes' right and left frontal sinuses. The measurements were higher in males when compared to females. There was a statistically significant asymmetry (larger dimension on the left side) of the anterioposterior (p-value of 0.012) and superior-inferior dimensions in males (p-value of 0.135). Spearman's correlation showed that frontal sinus correlated with other craniofacial parameters like nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular width among both sexes. The frontal sinus, nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular widths were higher in males when compared to females (independent t-test). Discriminant function scores showed 66-68% accuracy to discriminate sex, using the anteroposterior dimension and mandibular width.

Conclusions: The measurement of craniofacial parameters using CBCT can aid in determining the sex of unidentified and decomposed bodies.
Evaluating the reliability of the sickling test and peripheral blood film method for screening of sickle cell disease: a study protocol
Authors: Bawane Tejaswini , Vodithala Sahitya
Published: September 2023

Background: Mutations in beta-globin are the cause of a widespread condition known as sickle cell disease (SCD). Sickle cells cause organ damage, hemolysis of blood cells, weakness, and sometimes even death. SCD can be effectively managed and mortality can be reduced through early detection. This protocol’s study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the sickling test, peripheral blood smear, and hemoglobin electrophoresis for SCD screening.

Methods: In this study,75 cases of SCD will be selected. 5ml blood will be drawn into a dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tube for testing of SCD. Testing will involve: the sickling test, where an equal volume of K2EDTA blood will be mixed with 2% sodium metabisulfite; the peripheral blood smear, where Leishman’s stain will be placed on a thin film of blood for 2 minutes; and Hb electrophoresis, where equal parts of distilled water and packed cells will be combined and then the mixture will be centrifuged.

Results: We will be comparing between the sickling test and the peripheral blood film method, and we will conclude depending upon the results as to which test is better.

Conclusions: Using peripheral blood smear images, SCD can be quickly diagnosed. A peripheral smear-based differential diagnosis may be possible but requires special tests such as hemoglobin electrophoresis to confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis can help initiate transfusion therapy and create a better prognosis.
Prevalence of health care associated infections and antibiotic use among adult patients: Results of a cross-sectional survey at a tertiary university hospital in Tunisia
Authors: Nouira Mariem , Maatouk Mohamed , Ben Youssef Sarra , Ennigrou Samir
Published: September 2023

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a major public health problem concern with a high attributable morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAIs among adult patients at the Charles Nicolle Hospital (CNH) of Tunis and to identify the main associated factors as well as to estimate the frequency of antibiotic use.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study at the CNH with a unique passage per department (October-December 2018). All patients present at the wards for more than 48 hours were included. The site definitions of infections proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used.

Results: A total of 261 patients were included with a mean age of 52.4 years SD (±16.1) and a sex ratio (Female/Male) of 1.25. Overall, 34 patients having at least one active HAI were identified which represent a prevalence of 13% (95% CI [9.2 %–17.0 %]). The most common type of reported infections were urinary tract infections (33.3%) followed by surgical site infections (19.4%) and pneumonia (19.4%). Independent risk factors of high prevalence of HAIs among adults above 18 years old were: having hypertension (ORadjusted=3.3;p=0.008), alcohol use (ORadjusted=5.2; p=.01), being infected at admission (ORadjusted=2.8;p=0.01), having at least one invasive device inserted during last 7 days prior to the survey date (ORadjusted=3.5;p=0.004) and undergoing a surgery 30 days prior to the study date (ORadjusted=2.6;p=0.03). The antibiotic use prevalence was 32.2%.

Conclusions:

An infection prevention and control committee, as well as the development of an Antibiotic stewardship program with continuous monitoring using repeated prevalence surveys, must be implemented to limit the frequency of these infections effectively.
The Importance of the Educational Work of the University in Countering the Spread of the Ideology of Terrorism and Extremism
Authors: Mizyurova E. , Rokityanskaya K.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the topical issue of determining the importance of educational work among the university youth in countering the spread of the ideology of terrorism and extremism. The authors of the article point out that young people are the most susceptible to ideological influence. It is necessary to search for new forms and methods in educational work aimed not only at prevention, but also at the formation of a stable civil and social position of young people. Patriotism, countering the ideology of terrorism and extremism were taken as a basis for planning the educational and patriotic marathon “Week of Unified Actions”, which proved the effectiveness of the organization of interdepartmental interaction of the university with representatives of various state legal structures in the framework of the direction “Youth Policy” of the Priority 2030 program.
Postawy Polaków wobec uchodźców wojennych z Ukrainy
Authors: Pająk Anna
Published: September 2023

The war in Ukraine started in 2022 by Russia preoccupies not only researchers from all over the world, but also ordinary citizens observing the hostilities. Particularly when living in a NATO-member state, whose citizens have so far treated war rather as a memory of times that “had justly passed” or as an event in an almost exotic space. Therefore, for Poles, the war waged on the territory of their eastern neighbor had very interesting repercussions. From the beginning of the war, Polish society transformed itself into an almost “humanitarian superpower”, which then evolved into a kind of “another home” or “haven” for war refugees fleeing Ukraine. And while the very perception of war, Poles’ attitudes towards refugees and involvement in various kinds of help evolved and took different shapes during the initial year of the war, Poland is still an important point of refuge for those who are seeking or are supposed to seek refuge from war there. The chapter is an analysis of several examples showing the attitudes of Poles towards refugees, the selection of which was mainly based on the author’s empirical experi- ence and field research during the largest wave of the refugee crisis.
Clocking in or Not? Optimal Design of a Novel Gamified Business Model in Online Learning
Authors: Gao Yi , Liu Dengpan , Kumar Subodha
Published: September 2023

Clocking-in cash-back (CIC), an emerging gamified business model in online learning, has recently garnered significant attention. CIC allows users to secure a full refund of the course fee through consecutive completion of specific tasks within a required time window. These tasks, known as clocking in, encompass activities such as daily assignments and sharing progress updates on social media. By employing this gamification system, the firm effectively monitors user efforts, categorizing them as winners or quitters based on clocking-in completion. In this paper, we examine how a firm should set the optimal time window for its course and how the time window is affected by context-specific factors. We identify two opposing effects associated with extending the time window on users’ quitting time: the psychological disutility increasing effect (negative) and the effort cost decreasing effect (positive). Our results indicate that, as quitters’ positive word-of-mouth effects increase, there are cases in which the firm should opt for shortening the time window. Additionally, we find that, as the marginal content creation cost rises, the firm may find it more advantageous to raise the difficulty level by shortening the time window. Our findings provide valuable insights that online learning firms can utilize to enhance their design of the CIC mechanism.
Puzzle—Integer Linear Programming: Spreadsheet Solver Excellence Without Excel
Authors: Barlow Evan
Published: September 2023

Because of the limitations on problem size with the built-in optimization solver in Microsoft Excel, other software applications are required to illustrate the power of integer linear programming in spreadsheets. The built-in linear optimization solver in LibreOffice Calc allows much larger problems. In this paper, we build a spreadsheet in LibreOffice Calc to solve sudoku problems and a simple generalization that further illustrates the power of integer linear programming in spreadsheets. The generalization we consider, n-doku, also introduces an interesting puzzle that includes, as a special case, a union of multiple sudoku puzzles. Besides further demonstrating the power of integer linear programming in spreadsheets, we use the n-doku solutions to develop optimization intuition and to, more generally, foster critical thinking. We use this spreadsheet in the classroom to transition from continuous to categorical decisions, emphasizing the idea of one-hot encoding. We also illustrate multiple optima and add preferences to sudoku puzzles as a way introduce multiobjective optimization.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0068 .
Body weight prediction model analysis based on the body size of female Sakub sheep in Brebes District, Indonesia
Authors: JANNAH ZAENAB NURUL , ATMOKO BAYU ANDRI , IBRAHIM ALEK , HARAHAP MUHAMMAD AINSYAR , PANJONO PANJONO
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Jannah ZN, Atmoko BA, Ibrahim A, Harahap MA, Panjono. 2023. Body weight prediction model analysis based on the body size of female Sakub sheep in Brebes District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3657-3664. Calculation of body weight is one of the important factors in seeing the performance of sheep (Ovis aries), breeding stock selection, and livestock management, such as the basis for consideration of feeding, medicine dosage, slaughter time, and growth evaluation. However, in smallholder farms, the availability of scales is an obstacle, not to mention the inadequacy of the pens’ construction, making the weighing process more difficult. The present study was conducted to analyze correlation and regression models and determine the best and most accurate regression model for predicting the body weight of female Sakub sheep using body sizes. Data on 150 female Sakub sheep kept by smallholder farmers and raised intensively in Paguyangan and Sirampog District, Brebes District, Central Java, Indonesia, were obtained. The Body Weight (BW) of Sakub sheep was weighed, and their body sizes, including body length (BL), chest girth (CG), and shoulder height (SH) were measured. The correlation was calculated using the Pearson correlation, regression models were analyzed and determined using simple, multiple, and automatic linear regression methods. Pooled means of 36.21±12.31 kg for BW and 67.13±7.97, 82.51±10.47, and 65.76±6.24 cm for BL, CG, and SH, respectively, were obtained in the present study. The body size has a positive and high correlation with BW, BL has the highest correlation with BW, which is 0.810, followed by CG (0.807) and SH (0.782). Meanwhile, the correlation of body size combination between BL, CG, and WH has the highest value, 0.883, followed by BL and CG (0.875), between CG and SH (0.875). The best body size and the most accurate (77.40%) to predict BW of female Sakub sheep is the combination of the three BL+CG+SH with regression equation model BW = 67,004+0.589BL+0.453CG+0.399SH. Meanwhile, the prediction of BW with a single body size is BL with the regression equation BW = -47,658 + 1,249BL with an accuracy of 65.40%. This study concludes that body size, namely BL, CG, and SH, can be used to predict BW of female Sakub sheep, either single or in 2 or 3 combinations. The prediction model BW using a combination of 3 body sizes has the highest accuracy, followed by a combination of 2 body sizes (BL+CG), and the last is BL as a single predictor.
Habitat characteristics and biodiversity of nekton in the Alas-Singkil River Basin, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: MUHTADI AHMAD , LEIDONALD RUSDI , FAUZIA ASTRID DEWINTA
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Muhtadi A, Leidonald R, Fauzia AD. 2023. Habitat characteristics and biodiversity of nekton in the Alas-Singkil River Basin, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3673-3689. The Alas-Singkil watershed ecosystem is an essential habitat for the diversity of flora and fauna in the North Sumatra region. This study aims to describe the habitat characteristics and distribution of ichthyofauna in the Alas-Singkil watershed. Observations and data collection were carried out in 2021-2022 in all river segments in the Alas-Singkil watershed, including the downstream, swamp, oxbow lake, middle, upstream, and tributaries. Habitat characteristics in the Alas-Singkil watershed are very diverse. Some swamps in the main river's lower to middle reaches allow the ichthyofauna to migrate laterally. In the middle of the main tributaries (sub-watersheds) to the upstream (most) have habitat characteristics dominated by sedimentary rock substrates with relatively moderate-strong currents. The upper reaches of the main river are dominated by rocky substrates with clear, low-medium flowing waters. During observations in the Alas-Singkil watershed, 99 species of fish from 39 families, 9 species of shrimp, 1 species of freshwater crab, 1 species of freshwater turtle, and 1 species of crocodile were collected. Spotted barb (Barbodes binotatus), Blue panchax (Aplocheilus panchax), and Mahseer fish are fishes often found and widely distributed in the Alas-Singkil watershed. The nekton found in the Alas-Singkil watershed is included in the Least Concern (LC) category at 71% and Data Deficient (DD) at 14%. However, there are 2 species (2%) in the Endangered (EN) category and 6 species (5%) in the Vulnerable (VU) category; Ompok brevirictus and Clarias microspilus are species categorized as Endangered Species.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from developed dried coffee starter culture used as a fermentation agent to produce Robusta civet coffee
Authors: FAUZI MUKHAMMAD , SUBAGIO ACHMAD , RESTANTO DIDIK PUDJI , JAYUS JAY
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Fauzi M, Subagio A, Restanto DP, Jayus J. 2023. Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from developed dried coffee starter culture used as a fermentation agent to produce Robusta civet coffee. Biodiversitas 24: 3715-3722. Native civet coffee is a popular coffee bean, produced by the processes which undergo spontaneous fermentation in the civet digestive system. Since the native civet coffee has a higher selling value and its production depends on the uncontrolled civet life activities, the effort to produce a similar quality of this coffee product has been made by designing a dried starter culture isolated from civet caecum, and utilizing coffee cherry peels as the potential inducer and rice flour as the matrix for coating and immobilizing the isolates. The proportion of rice and coffee cherry peel flour mixtures was formulated to fabricate the dried starter culture by determining the viability and fermentability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) survive in the starter culture. Furthermore, the starter culture was analyzed for the number of microflora and identification of LAB, water content, glucose fermentability, total titrated acid production rate, and pH value. The most viable starter cultures were obtained from the formula of 80% rice flour and 20% coffee cherry peel flour exhibiting the number of microflora of 5.6 log MPN/g and fermentation capacity of 245.73 mg glucose/gh. The total titrated acid production rate was 91.07 mg lactic acid/gh, and a pH value of 5.33. The LABs survived in the starter culture were identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. The quality of hot brewed roasted Robusta coffee prepared by fermentation using this dried starter culture was higher than that of unfermented one, as observed from their organoleptic quality. These findings indicate that the LAB isolated from civet caecum is potential to be developed as a dried starter culture in coffee cherry fermentation processes.
Barcoding of ornamental freshwater shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata (De Haan, 1844) from the aquatic ornamental market in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: KUSMINTARSIH ENDANG SRIMURNI , MAHMOUD HANAN HASSAN ALSHEIKH , SASTRANEGARA MOH. HUSEIN , SYAKURI HAMDAN , NURYANTO AGUS , AMBARNINGRUM TRISNOWATI BUDI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Kusmintarsih ES, Mahmoud HHA, Sastranegara MH, Syakuri H,Nuryanto A, Ambarningrum TB. 2023. Barcoding of ornamental freshwater shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata (De Haan, 1844) from the aquatic ornamental market in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3601-3608. Indonesia is one of the world’s leading aquatic ornamental shrimps producers and exports. One of the aquatic ornament shrimp species is a Neocaridina denticulate (De Haan, 1844). There is a wide range of colors including red, bright red, yellow, orange, green, blue, violet, black, and color combinations. It is a landlocked Atydiae family species comprising31 species and subspecies. Due to taxonomic difficulties, this species is continually under revision, and the validation of a few species is currently questionable and uncertain for the relationships among the various colors of N. denticulata. The Cytochrome Oxidase gene I (CO1) gene sequences of mitochondrial DNA were used for species DNA barcoding studies. This study aimed to validate the taxonomic status of different colors of N. denticulata species using the mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA Cytochrome oxidase (CO1) gene sequences. Neighbour Joining trees were constructed based on 545 bp of CO1 gene from white, black, red, yellow, blue colors, and their combination. Several sequences were derived from GenBank for relevant species from different countries and the outgroup. The result showed that all samples are homolog, even to N. denticulata from China NC_023823.1.
Dietary enrichment with Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (HUFA) during rearing phase of Nereis virens: growth performance, fatty and amino acid
Authors: HERAWATI VIVI ENDAR , WINDARTO SETO , ARFAN M.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Herawati VE, Windarto S, Arfan M. 2023. Dietary enrichment with Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (HUFA) during the rearing phase of marine worms (Nereis virens) in growth performance, fatty acid profiles, and amino acid profiles. Biodiversitas 24: 3828-3834. Nereis virens is a species of marine worm that belongs to Polychaeta. Nereis virens is often utilized as a natural feed for shrimp broodstock related to its main content of fatty acids to accelerate gonad maturity. The enrichment of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (HUFA) is thought to stimulate diet protein and support growth, survival, and nutritional content. This study aimed to discover and examine the growth performance, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile of N. virens in the rearing stage with a HUFA-enriched diet. The research was conducted from May to September 2022 at MSTP (Marine Science Techno Park ) Jepara. The experimental animals used were 45 marine worms per rearing container, weighing 14-16g/container. The research method is experimental, with a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments in this study consisted of a commercial diet without the HUFA (A), with the enrichment of 0.50 ml HUFA (B), 1 ml HUFA (C), and 1.50 ml HUFA (D). The results showed that diets with the enrichment with HUFA had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Absolute Growth (Ag); Relative Growth Rate (RGR); Efficiency of Feed Utilization (EFU), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and no significant effect (P>0.05) on SR. The highest RGR, EFU, PER, and SR values were in the treatment with the enrichment with 1.50 ml HUFA (D) with the following values of 5.77 ± 0.20g/day, 85.20 ± 2.75g, 2.05 ± 0.08%, and 100 ± 0.00%. Nutritional quality based on proximate protein and fatty acid fat results were highest in the enrichment treatment with 1.50 ml HUFA (D), 53.80% protein and 19.67% fat. The highest amino acid and fatty acid profiles in the same treatment were 41.15 ppm and 6.60% EPA.
The vector of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) in Sipahutar pineapples in North Tapanuli, Indonesia
Authors: LISNAWITA LISNAWITA , TANTAWI AHMAD RAFIQI , TOBING MARYANI CYCCU , HUTAHAYAN ARTHA JUNITA , SARAGIH WISMAROH SANNIWATI , SARTIAMI DEWI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Lisnawita, Tantawi AR, Tobing MC, Hutahayan AJ, Saragih WS, Sartiami D. 2023. The vector of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) in Sipahutar pineapples in North Tapanuli, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4052-4059. The Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) disease is one of the most important diseases in pineapples. It Is widely spread in almost all pineapple plantations, including those in North Tapanuli District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Currently, there is still little information on the PMWaV disease and the species of mealybug found in Sipahutar pineapples in the North Tapanuli District. This research aims to identify mealybugs as the vectors that carry the virus that causes PMWaV disease in Sipahutar pineapples. Mealybug samples were taken from 12 villages in four sub-districts in the center of Sipahutar pineapples plantations in the North Tapanuli District. The four sub-districts were Sipahutar Sub-district from Siabal Abal IV Village, Sabungan Nihuta I Village, and Sabungan Nihuta II Village; Siborongborong Sub-district from Bahal Batu I Village, Bahal Batu II Village, and Lobu Siregar Village; Tarutung Sub-district from Parbaju Tonga Village, Jambur Nauli Village, and Sihujur Village; Pangaribuan Sub-district from Pansurnatolu Village, Sigotom Village, and Rahut Bosi Village. Samples were identified morphologically and molecularly. The results of the identification using both methods showed that the mealybugs found on Sipahutar pineapples with PMWaV symptoms from the 12 villages were Dysmicoccus brevipes species.
Harvest methods determine the yield and quality of Sonchus arvensis accessions cultivated in organic way
Authors: RAISAWATI TATIK , MELATI MAYA , AZIZ SANDRA ARIFIN , RAFI MOHAMAD
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Raisawati T, Melati M, Aziz SA, Rafi M. 2023. Harvest methods determine the yield and quality of Sonchus arvensis accessions cultivated in organic way. Biodiversitas 24: 4110-4119. Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.) is a wild plant species with high potential for medicinal uses. Nonetheless, the understanding of agronomical aspect of this species is still limited, hindering the large-scale cultivation efforts. This species has unique traits in term of leaves morphology in which it has rosette (old) leaves and upper (inflorescence) leaves which might require particular harvesting method to obtain optimal yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of harvest methods on leaf production, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and flavonoid profiles of three accessions of sowthistle. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor is harvesting methods namely gradual and simultaneous harvest of lower and upper leaves of sowthistle. The second factor is three accessions of S. arvensis namely Lembang, Tawangmangu, and Banjararum. The results showed that the simultaneous harvest resulted in higherleaf number by 65%, fresh weight by 55%, and dry weight by 60% compared to those of gradual harvest. However, the difference between fresh weight and dry weight of upper leaf was more determined by the accessions with Tawangmangu had the highest weight. Antioxidant activity of sowthistle in this study is not only caused by total flavonoid. Tawangmangu accession gradually harvested produced high lower leaf antioxidants, while those harvested simultaneously produced the highest total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of upper leaves. The results of HPLC analysis showed the flavonoid profiles of S. arvensis leaves which contain rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin. Kaempferol was the highest content of flavonoid in rosette and upper leaves. The findings of this study suggest that simultaneous harvesting is recommended to obtain high sowthistle production and quality.
Isolation and identification of osmophilic yeasts from Indonesian honeys collected from South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java Provinces (Indonesia)
Authors: PRIHARTINI MEILIA , ROSMALAWATI SYOFI , SRIHERWANTO CATUR , MAHSUNAH ANIS HERLIYATI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Prihartini M, Rosmalawati S, Sriherwanto C, Mahsunah AH. 2023. Isolation and identification of osmophilic yeasts from Indonesian honeys collected from South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java Provinces (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 24: 4126-4135. Certain yeasts possess the remarkable ability to thrive in the challenging conditions characterized by high sugar levels and low water activity commonly found in honey. However, limited research has been conducted on yeasts isolated from honey in Indonesia. To address this gap, honey samples were collected from three provinces in Indonesia: South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java. A total of ten isolates were obtained and subjected to comprehensive morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. Among these isolates, four (M 1.4, M 1.6, M 1.8, and M 2.4) were selected for molecular identification using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Through sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and performing homology analysis using BLAST on NCBI, it was determined that the M 1.4 and M 1.8 isolates belong to the Zygosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?97%. The M 2.4 isolate was classified as the Schizosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?98%, while the M 1.6 isolate was identified as Zygosaccharomyces siamensis with a percentage identity of ?99%. All four isolates exhibited osmophilic characteristics and demonstrate significant potential as valuable microorganisms for future investigations.
Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application
Authors: DWIATI MURNI , WIDODO PUDJI , SUSANTO AGUS HERY
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Dwiati M, Widodo P, Susanto AH. 2023. Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application. Biodiversitas 24: 4168-4174. Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce. is a pitcher plant species at a higher risk of extinction mainly due to overexploitation. Previous investigations have shown that in vitro micropropagation can be used as an approach for ex-situ conservation of N. mirabilis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the new shoot formation of N. mirabilis under in vitro conditions stimulated with the application of flurprimidol and GA3. The three concentrations of flurprimidol and GA3 used as treatments were arranged factorially in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with internodes 2, 3, 4, and 5 serving as blocks. Based on the results, F1G0 (flurprimidol of 1 mgL-1 without GA3) had the highest shoot formation, which was not accompanied by sufficiently high contents of chlorophyll, leading to improper shoot development. Despite the smaller number of newly formed shoots in F2G2 (flurprimidol of 2 mgL-1 and GA3 of 2 mgL-1), significantly higher chlorophyll contents were observed, enabling better development of shoot. Leaf length and shoot diameter also showed similar results under F2G2, indicating that higher concentrations of exogenous GA3 were necessary for better shoot development. This indicated that appropriate concentrations of both plant growth regulators should be applied for micropropagation of N. mirabilis in support of ex-situ conservation.
Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca
Authors: OEDJIJONO OEDJIJONO , KUSHARYATI DYAH FITRI , RYANDINI DINI , PRAMONO HENDRO
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Oedjijono, Kusharyati DF, Ryandini D, Pramono H. 2023. Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca. Biodiversitas 24: 4175-4182. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of eight Bifidobacterium spp. against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, the viability of selected encapsulated bifidobacteria was assessed at different storage durations. The non-neutralized or neutralized supernatant pH of eight bifidobacterial isolates (BCC6, BC4, BBP6, BC7, BBP1, BC13, BCC5, BCC8) inhibited the growth of MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The non-neutralized supernatant Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 resulted in the highest inhibition against E. coli or K. pneumoniae with a clear zone of 8 mm. In contrast, the neutralized supernatant of Bifidobacterium sp. BBP1 showed the highest inhibition only against E. coli, with a clear zone of 8 mm. The bacteriocin of BCC5 and BBP6 isolates showed the highest inhibition against MDR E. coli, with inhibition zones of 12.5 mm and 12 mm, respectively. Similarly, the bacteriocin of BBP6 isolate gave the highest inhibition against K. pneumoniae, with a zone of 7 mm. The cell numbers of the tapioca-encapsulated isolate BBP6 were quite stable in comparison to BBP1, which were 8.4 log cfu.g-1 and 8.1 log cfu.g-1 at initial storage and 6.32 log cfu.g-1 and 7.41 log cfu.g-1 after eight weeks. The viability percentage of encapsulated Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 (86.91%) surpassed that of BBP1 isolate (78.41%) during the eight-week storage period at 4oC. The storage time of the BBP6 at 4oC was 6.05 weeks or 42.35 days.
In search of nexus triple wins: planning for and evidence of economic transformation, social inclusion and ecological sustainability in Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Pickard Sam , Lemma Alberto
Published: September 2023

Achieving prosperity for all within planetary boundaries requires that governments take wide-ranging transformative action, but achieving ‘triple-wins’ by joining up policies across economic, social and environmental realms can be challenging. A companion analysis undertaken under the ODI Nexus project (Diwakar, 2022) analysed key indicators in these realms in lower income countries and identified the Dominican Republic, Sri Lanka and Thailand as front-runners in achieving more holistic development outcomes. Looking deeper at these case studies, we sought to identify national policy interventions that struck a balance between the different realms of development and explored the policy development, legislation and implementation processes required for integrated transformational policy to succeed.

In each we found national-scale, triple-win policies led from the president’s or prime minister’s office. These policies can usually be traced to specific political moments that forced a reckoning with the failures of previous development policy, often resulting in radical change of direction in development planning. Yet, despite the existence of triple-win policies, as of 2019, there was limited evidence of triple-win outcomes being achieved. Instead, the case study countries typically performed well in one or two realms, often to the detriment of progress in the other(s).

We present potential reasons for the lacklustre impact of these policies and conclude with suggestions for future work to outline where in the policy landscape it may be possible to enact transformational nexus policies and how to support them to achieve their outcomes in the timeframes required to ensure equitable prosperity within planetary boundaries.
Liver injury monitoring using dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography based on a time-energy difference strategy
Authors: Zhao Yizhe , Li Shuangchen , He Xuelei , Yu Jingjing , Zhang Lizhi , Zhang Heng , Wei De , Wang Beilei , Li Jintao , Guo Hongbo , He Xiaowei
Published: September 2023

Dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (DFMT) is a promising
molecular imaging technique that offers the potential to monitor fast
kinetic behaviors within small animals in three dimensions. Early
monitoring of liver disease requires the ability to distinguish and
analyze normal and injured liver tissues. However, the inherent
ill-posed nature of the problem and energy signal interference between
the normal and injured liver regions limit the practical application
of liver injury monitoring. In this study, we propose a novel strategy
based on time and energy, leveraging the temporal correlation in
fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) sequences and the metabolic
differences between normal and injured liver tissue. Additionally,
considering fluorescence signal distribution disparity between the
injured and normal regions, we designed a universal Golden Ratio
Primal-Dual Algorithm (GRPDA) to reconstruct both the normal and
injured liver regions. Numerical simulation and in
vivo experiment results demonstrate that the proposed
strategy can effectively avoid signal interference between liver and
liver injury energy and lead to significant improvements in morphology
recovery and positioning accuracy compared to existing approaches. Our
research presents a new perspective on distinguishing normal and
injured liver tissues for early liver injury monitoring.