bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell carbon content and biomass assessments of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Linacre Lorena , Sánchez-Robles Citlalli , Mirabal-Gómez Uriel , Lara-Lara J. Rubén , Bazán-Guzmán Carmen
Published: February 2021

This study assessed the cell carbon content and biomass for genera of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Carbon content estimates were based on biovolume calculations derived from linear dimension measurements of individual cells and the approximate geometric body shape of each genus. Then, biomass assessments were performed for both groups in two gulf regions (Perdido and Coatzacoalcos) using these carbon content factors and cell abundances. After four seasonal cruises, 11,817 cells of dinoflagellates and 3,412 cells of diatoms were analyzed. Diverse body shapes and cell sizes were observed among 46 dinoflagellate genera and 37 diatom genera. Nano-cells of dinoflagellates (68% <20 μm) and micro-cells of diatoms (77% 20–200 μm, mostly 50–75 μm) were predominant. According to this cell-size structure, on average, diatoms contained 40% more carbon per cell than dinoflagellates. Contrasting carbon content estimates were observed within the genera of both microalgae. Large carbon averages (>10,000 pg C cell-1) were attributed to Gonyaulacal and some occasional genera of dinoflagellates (e.g.,PyrocystisandNoctiluca) and centric diatoms. In contrast, values up to 3 orders of magnitude lower were found for Peridinial and Gymnodinial dinoflagellates and pennate diatoms. Based on these carbon content estimates, which can be considered representative for most of this oceanic ecosystem, seasonal and regional differences were found in the biomass assessments conducted for these functional groups. Overall, dinoflagellates (mostly low-carbon Gymnodinales) had larger depth-integrated biomass than diatoms (mainly rich-carbon centric forms) within the euphotic zone. An exception to it was the late-summer cruise at the Coatzacoalcos region when a surface bloom of centric diatoms was observed in stations influenced by river runoff. This work contributes useful reference information for future ecological studies and models for understanding the biogeochemical functioning of this open-ocean ecosystem.
Short term visual and structural outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment delay during the first COVID-19 wave: A pilot study
Authors: Naravane Ameay V. , Mundae Rusdeep , Zhou Yujia , Santilli Christopher , van Kuijk Frederik J. G. M. , Nazari Hossein , Yamanuha Justin , Emerson Geoffrey G. , Koozekanani Dara D. , Montezuma Sandra R.
Published: February 2021

Regularly scheduled intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections are essential to maintaining and/or improving many ocular conditions including: neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusions with macular edema (RVO). This study aims to assess the effect of unintended delays in anti-VEGF treatment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective case series identified patients receiving regularly scheduled anti-VEGF intravitreal injections based on current procedural terminology (CPT) code at two practices in Minnesota. Diagnoses were limited to nAMD, diabetic macular edema (DME), proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and RVO. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they maintained or delayed their follow-up visit by more than two weeks beyond the recommended treatment interval during the COVID-19 lockdown. The ‘COVID-19 lockdown’ was defined as the period after March, 28th, 2020, when a lockdown was declared in Minnesota. We then compared the visual acuity and structural changes to the retina using ocular coherence tomography (OCT) to assess whether delayed treatment resulted in worse visual outcomes. A total of 167 eyes from 117 patients met criteria for inclusion in this study. In the delayed group, the average BCVA at the pre- and post-lockdown visits were 0.614 and 0.715 (logMAR) respectively (p = 0.007). Central subfield thickness (CST) increased from 341 to 447 in the DME delayed group (p = 0.03) while the CST increased from 301 to 314 (p = 0.4) in the nAMD delayed group. The results of this pilot study suggests that treatment delays may have a negative impact on the visual and anatomic outcomes of patients with nAMD and DME. Future studies with larger sample sizes are required for further investigation.
Ephrin receptor A2, the epithelial receptor for Epstein-Barr virus entry, is not available for efficient infection in human gastric organoids
Authors: Wallaschek Nina , Reuter Saskia , Silkenat Sabrina , Wolf Katharina , Niklas Carolin , Kayisoglu Özge , Aguilar Carmen , Wiegering Armin , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Kircher Stefan , Rosenwald Andreas , Shannon-Lowe Claire , Bartfeld Sina
Published: February 2021

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is best known for infection of B cells, in which it usually establishes an asymptomatic lifelong infection, but is also associated with the development of multiple B cell lymphomas. EBV also infects epithelial cells and is associated with all cases of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV is etiologically linked with at least 8% of gastric cancer (EBVaGC) that comprises a genetically and epigenetically distinct subset of GC. Although we have a very good understanding of B cell entry and lymphomagenesis, the sequence of events leading to EBVaGC remains poorly understood. Recently, ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) was proposed as the epithelial cell receptor on human cancer cell lines. Although we confirm some of these results, we demonstrate that EBV does not infect healthy adult stem cell-derived gastric organoids. In matched pairs of normal and cancer-derived organoids from the same patient, EBV only reproducibly infected the cancer organoids. While there was no clear pattern of differential expression between normal and cancer organoids for EPHA2 at the RNA and protein level, the subcellular location of the protein differed markedly. Confocal microscopy showed EPHA2 localization at the cell-cell junctions in primary cells, but not in cancer cell lines. Furthermore, histologic analysis of patient tissue revealed the absence of EBV in healthy epithelium and presence of EBV in epithelial cells from inflamed tissue. These data suggest that the EPHA2 receptor is not accessible to EBV on healthy gastric epithelial cells with intact cell-cell contacts, but either this or another, yet to be identified receptor may become accessible following cellular changes induced by inflammation or transformation, rendering changes in the cellular architecture an essential prerequisite to EBV infection.
Mitochondrial morphodynamics alteration induced by influenza virus infection as a new antiviral strategy
Authors: Pila-Castellanos Irene , Molino Diana , McKellar Joe , Lines Laetitia , Da Graca Juliane , Tauziet Marine , Chanteloup Laurent , Mikaelian Ivan , Meyniel-Schicklin Laurène , Codogno Patrice , Vonderscher Jacky , Delevoye Cédric , Moncorgé Olivier , Meldrum Eric , Goujon Caroline , Morel Etienne , de Chassey Benoit
Published: February 2021

Influenza virus infections are major public health threats due to their high rates of morbidity and mortality. Upon influenza virus entry, host cells experience modifications of endomembranes, including those used for virus trafficking and replication. Here we report that influenza virus infection modifies mitochondrial morphodynamics by promoting mitochondria elongation and altering endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering in host cells. Expression of the viral RNA recapitulates these modifications inside cells. Virus induced mitochondria hyper-elongation was promoted by fission associated protein DRP1 relocalization to the cytosol, enhancing a pro-fusion status. We show that altering mitochondrial hyper-fusion with Mito-C, a novel pro-fission compound, not only restores mitochondrial morphodynamics and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites but also dramatically reduces influenza replication. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed Mito-C antiviral property is directly connected with the innate immunity signaling RIG-I complex at mitochondria. Our data highlight the importance of a functional interchange between mitochondrial morphodynamics and innate immunity machineries in the context of influenza viral infection.
Histopathology of the kidney and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in wild rats in Baghdad Province, Iraq
Authors: Karim Abdulkarim Jafar , Abbas Zainab Majid
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic leptospires, is a globally emerging infectious disease affecting both humans and animals, which act as reservoirs, with large outbreaks worldwide. The role of rats in dispersing leptospirosis was never investigated in Iraq. Because of the seriousness of the disease and the scarce data regarding this disease in Iraq, this study determines the incidence of leptospirosis in rats and its renal histopathological profile.

Materials and Methods: Of 211 captured rats, 82 apparently healthy rats were included in this study. After euthanatizing, 3-5-ml blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Approximately 0.5 cm3 of the kidney was collected for routine histopathology and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Warthin–Starry (WS) stains. Blood smears were prepared and stained with the WS stain.

Results: All rats (100%) with different age groups were immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive, and 90.24% of them had the IgG against leptospiral antigens in kidney tissues. The juvenile age group had higher IgG levels than other age groups. Considering sex, no significant differences in the overall results were observed. Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine showed significant increments in the sub-adult and adult IgG- positive groups compared with the IgG-negative groups. No significant alterations were observed in the juvenile group. Using WS stains, 13 and 1 blood smears and 0 and 8 kidney tissues were positive for leptospires in the sub-adult and adult groups, respectively. Microscopical findings of the renal cortex and medulla in the sub-adult IgG-positive group showed hemorrhage, glomerular deterioration, tubular cell degeneration and necrosis with cast formation, periarterial edema, and focal hemorrhage with congestion of peritubular arteries. The adult IgG-positive group revealed deterioration similar to that in the sub-adult group and tended to be chronic. No leptospires were observed using H&E staining.

Conclusion: IgG-positive carrier rats refer to previously exposed or infected rats. Understanding the risk of transmitting the disease to human and animals through a carrier rat's urine is highly predicted and possible mitigation of zoonotic transmission.
A tudományterületi sajátosságok következményei a kutatásban, az oktatásban és a felsőoktatási intézmények vezetésében (The consequences of disciplinary difference on teaching, research and institutional management of higher education)
Authors: Kováts Gergely
Published: February 2021

A szerző tanulmányában vizsgálja a tudományterületek különbségeinek következményeit az oktatásban, a kutatásban és a felsőoktatási intézmények irányításában. A tanulmány első felében a tudományterületek episztemológiai és közösségi különbségeit tárgyalja Becher és Trowler (2001) népszerű kategorizálása alapján. A tanulmány második felében a tudományszerveződésre, a publikációs gyakorlatra, a doktori képzésre, az oktatás céljára és formáira, a diákok tudásképére, valamint a menedzsmentfelfogásra gyakorolt hatást mutatja be. A konklúzióban egyrészt a minőség- és teljesítményértékelési rendszerek differenciált megközelítésének szükségességére hívja fel a figyelmet, másrészt arra, hogy a Bologna-rendszer és az élethosszig tartó tanulás erősödésének következményeként egy-egy mesterszakon nemcsak a hallgatóság háttere, előismerete lesz sokszínű, hanem a tudásról alkotott képe is. Ez újfajta oktatói szerepeket és oktatási megközelítéseket tesz szükségessé. ________ In the article the consequences of disciplinary difference on teaching, research and institutional management is examined. In the first part of the paper the epistemological and sociological differences of scientific disciplines are summarized based on the popular typology of Becher and Trowler (2001). In the second part the influence of differences on organisation of sciences, publication practices, PhD studies, the goal and form of teaching, students’ conception of knowledge as well as on the understanding on management and leadership are discussed. In the conclusions, attention is drawn on the necessity of differentiation in quality and performance management processes. Another conclusion is that new roles for teachers and approaches for teaching is required if students’ conception of knowledge become more heterogeneous which is the result of result of life long learning and Bologna-reform.
Az erőforrás-alapú megközelítés a gyakorlatban – Az intellektuális tőke mint az alapvető képesség forrása?
Authors: Harangozó Tamás
Published: February 2021

A szerző tanulmányában az intellektuális tőke (mint kulcsfontosságú stratégiai erőforrás) és a stratégiaimenedzsment-szakirodalom közötti kapcsolattal foglalkozik, mégpedig elsősorban a stratégiai menedzsment oldaláról közelítve a kérdést. Mindeközben nem feledkezik meg a stratégiaicél-elérés támogatását kiemelt célul tűző menedzsmentkontroll és a szervezeti magatartás szempontjairól sem. Elsősorban a stratégiai szakirodalomban jelentős szerepet játszó erőforrás-alapú megközelítések (RBV – resource based view of the firm) és az intellektuális tőke közötti kapcsolatra fókuszál, azt vizsgálja, hogy a nem tárgyiasult stratégiai erőforrások (vagy más szóval intellektuális tőke) egyre szembetűnőbb megjelenése az értékteremtést befolyásoló tényezőket elemző kutatásokban miként értelmezhető az erőforrás-alapú stratégiai elméletek szempontjából.
Az információs rendszerek kisvállalati alkalmazásának vizsgálata
Authors: Sasvári Péter László
Published: February 2021

A szerző kutatásának célja a magyarországi és a horvátországi vállalkozások információs rendszerek használatának feltárása, az információs rendszer bevezetéséről hozott döntések körülményeinek és használati szokásainak megismerése. Az empirikus felmérés mintájában szereplő horvát vállalkozások nagyobb arányban használják az információs rendszereket. A két ország azonos méretű vállalkozásai, a mikrovállalkozások kivételével, hasonló tényezőket mérlegelnek, mielőtt egy információs rendszert bevezetnek.
Az üzleti tanácsadási rendszer modellje
Authors: Tokár-Szadai Ágnes
Published: February 2021

Wohlgemuth (1991a) a vállalkozási tanácsadást az ügyfél és tanácsadó rendszer képviselői között zajló projektorientált, interakciós folyamatként definiálta. A fogalom meghatározásánál három tényezőt (intézmény, funkció, eszköz) emelt ki. Kubr (2002) szerint a tanácsadás célja a szervezeti célok és feladatok teljesítése, melybe a problémák megoldásán kívül az új lehetőségek azonosítása, a tudás gyarapítása és a változtatások kivitelezése is beletartozik. A szerző célja a tanácsadás elméleti alapjainak összefoglalása, ez alapján az üzleti tanácsadási rendszer modelljének felvázolása.
A gazdasági kamarák szolgáltatásainak szerepe a vállalkozásfejlesztésben - BOKIK esettanulmány
Authors: Szilágyiné Fülöp Erika
Published: February 2021

Hazánk uniós csatlakozását megelőzően nagy hangsúlyt kapott a politikai és az üzleti szint közti úgynevezett köztes (mezo) szféra tevékenységének vizsgálata, melynek szereplői a gazdasági kamarák is. Az empirikus felmérés készítésének kettős magyarázata van: egyrészt ismét előtérbe kerültek e szervezetek, mert az állam gazdasági szerepvállalásának csökkentéséhez szükség lenne a gazdasággal összefüggő közfeladatok egy részének, a köztestületi formában működő gazdasági kamarák által történő ellátására. Másrészt a gazdasági kamarák stratégiája („ha a kamara nem lehet mindenkié, akkor legyen rang az odatartozás”) magában foglalja a személyes törődés igényét is, tehát folyamatosan vizsgálni kell, hogy a tagok milyen szolgáltatásokat vesznek igénybe, és ez alapján szükséges-e változtatni, fejleszteni ezeket. A felmérés eredményeképpen egy új, komplexebb szolgáltatási rendszer kerülhet kialakításra, mely alapján a kamarának lehetősége nyílik személyre szabottabb szolgáltatások kialakítására.
A zöldség-gyümölcs feldolgozás jövedelmezőségének vizsgálata Magyarországon az uniós átlagok összevetésével
Authors: Tógyer Tamás Nándor
Published: February 2021

Az élelmiszeripar, úgy az Európai Unióban, mint hazánkban, megpróbál alkalmazkodni a folyamatosan változó gazdasági környezet kihívásaihoz. A tanulmány bemutatja az Európai Unió és Magyarország élelmiszeriparának főbb makrogazdasági folyamatait. Vállalati megközelítésben vizsgálja és tárja fel a zöldség-gyümölcs-feldolgozó ipari ágazat csökkenő jövedelemtermelő képességének okait. Tőkejövedelmezőségi számításokkal tárja fel a hazai ágazat jövedelmezőségi problémáit, és hasonlítja össze az uniós mutatók átlagával.
Maximal prime gaps bounds
Authors: Feliksiak Jan
Published: February 2021

This paper presents research results, pertinent to the maximal prime gaps bounds. Four distinct bounds are presented: Upper bound, Infimum, Supremum and finally the Lower bound. Although the Upper and Lower bounds incur a relatively high estimation error cost, the functions representing them are quite simple. This ensures, that the computation of those bounds will be straightforward and efficient.

The Lower bound is essential, to address the issue of the value of the lower bound implicit constant C, in the work of Ford et al (Ford, 2016). The concluding Corollary in this paper shows, that the value of the constant C does diverge, although very slowly. The constant C, will eventually take any arbitrary value, providing that a large enough N (for p <= N) is considered.

The Infimum/Supremum bounds on the other hand are computationally very demanding. Their evaluation entails computations at an extreme level of precision. In return however, we obtain bounds, which provide an extremely close approximation of the maximal prime gaps. The Infimum/Supremum estimation error gradually increases over the range of p and attains at p = 18361375334787046697 approximately the value of 0.03.
Composites based on conductive polymer with carbon nanotubes in DMMP gas sensors – an overview
Authors: Nurazzi N.M. , Harussani M.M. , Siti Zulaikha N.D. , Norhana A.H. , Imran Syakir M. , Norli A.
Published: February 2021

A number of recent terrorist attacks make it clear that rapid response, high sensitivity and stability are essential in the development of chemical sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents. Nerve agent sarin [2-(fluoro-methyl-phosphoryl) oxypropane] is an organophosphate (OP) compound that is recognized as one of the most toxic chemical warfare agents. Considering sarin’s high toxicity, being odorless and colorless, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is widely used as its simulant in the laboratory because of its similar chemical structure and much lower toxicity. Thus, this review serves to introduce the development of a variety of fabricated chemical sensors as potential sensing materials for the detection of DMMP in recent years. Furthermore, the research and application of carbon  anotubes in DMMP polymer sensors, their sensitivity and limitation are highlighted. For sorption-based sensors, active materials play crucial roles in improving the integral performances of sensors. The novel active materials providing hydrogen-bonds between the polymers and carbon nanotubes are the main focus in this review.
Discriminación de trigo y cebada empleando imágenes satelitales ópticas y radar
Authors: Marini Mario Fabián
Published: February 2021

El partido de Coronel Rosales (Buenos Aires, Argentina) se halla localizado dentro de la región pampeana austral, una de las de mayor relevancia agro productiva del país. En este contexto, el conocimiento de la superficie cultivada adquiere significativa importancia para la posterior planificación agrícola y económica. En tal sentido, la discriminación de cultivos mediante teledetección se dificulta cuando se trata de los de ciclo fenológico muy similar, como el trigo y la cebada. En este estudio se realizó una discriminación de dichos cultivos empleando imágenes de Radar de Apertura Sintética (SAR) Sentinel-1A SLC, imágenes ópticas Sentinel-2 y una combinación de ambos tipos de datos. Se incorporaron medidas de coherencia, textura e intensidad de retrodispersión extraídas de los datos SAR durante el ciclo fenológico completo. Sobre cada escena Sentinel-2 se obtuvo el Índice de Diferencia Normalizada de Vegetación (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI). Se emplearon tres algoritmos de clasificación: Máxima Verosimilitud (Maximum Likelihood - MLC), Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial (Support Vector Machines - SVM) y Random Forest (RF). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron al combinar imágenes ópticas y SAR empleando el clasificador RF. La combinación de las retrodispersiones VV y VH junto a la coherencia y la textura de las imágenes SAR, sumada al apilado de NDVI de imágenes ópticas, arrojó los máximos valores de precisión de la clasificación. El valor de F1 fue de 87.27% para el trigo y de 89.20% para la cebada.
De la geografía agraria a la geografía minera y de los energéticos, síntesis de una trayectoria académica de largo y ancho camino: conversación con María Teresa Sánchez Salazar
Authors: Editorial Sección
Published: February 2021

Procedente de una generación de transición académica abierta a los nuevos temas y anadamiajes, teóricos y prácticos, ante los desafíos y problemas nacionales, María Teresa Sánchez Sañazar ha orientado sus ideas y preguntas a la transformación de la geografía económica por medio de una novedosa gramática visual que sintetiza sus resultados. Los mapas temáticos, publicados en los libros, artículos y atlas geográficos, actúan como medios de comunicacuon y metáfora espacial que sitúan su actuación e interacción en múltiples ambientes de discusión política, de gestión económica, de administración pública (municipal, estatal y nacional) y de proyectos de inversión pública y privada, así como entre los estudiantes, de licenciatura y posgrado, en la docencia y en las tesis en esta materia.
Estrés y cambios cognitivos asociados al envejecimiento
Authors: V. HIDALGO , C. VILLADA , M.M. PULOPULOS , M. ALMELA , A. SALVADOR
Published: February 2021

El acelerado proceso de envejecimiento de la población en numerosos países tiene importantes consecuencias tanto a nivel personal y familiar como social y económico. Por ello, es necesario profundizar en el estudio de esta última etapa del ciclo vital. La investigación ha demostrado que hay diferentes formas de envejecer, y muchos son los factores (genéticos, biológicos, sociales y relacionados con el estilo de vida) que principalmente promueven un envejecimiento saludable o, por otro lado, patológico. El objetivo principal del Proyecto Mneme es estudiar el estrés como factor determinante en las diferencias individuales asociadas al envejecimiento. Para ello, en los últimos años hemos investigado los efectos que tiene la respuesta de estrés a nivel psicológico, conductual y fisiológico sobre la memoria de las personas mayores. Los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha confirman que el sexo y otras características de la persona, el tipo y la fase de memoria evaluada y el biomarcador de estrés empleado son factores críticos para poder comprender la relación entre el estrés y los cambios cognitivos asociados al envejecimiento.
‘Linguist’ or ‘Global Graduate’? A matter of identity for the global
graduate with language skills
Authors: Wyburd Jocelyn
Published: February 2021

In this chapter, I examine the problematic issue of identifying as a
‘linguist’ for graduates who have studied languages, in an employability
context. I challenge them to reframe their identity as ‘global graduates’,
with reference to the competencies outlined in the Global Graduates into
Global Leaders report (NCUB, 2011). In the process, I also demonstrate why a
truly global graduate needs also to be a linguist, in spite of the hegemony
of English as a global lingua franca, and in the context of Brexit. I
provide a framework for use by students, with support from educators, to
translate their skill sets and experiences into the language of employers. I
hope that this will provide a clear guide to the importance not just of
developing, but also articulating cogently a range of competencies which are
transferable to the global economy and global society, and a convincing
argument for the importance of language and intercultural skills within that
portfolio.
Complexity and simplicity during COVID-19: reflections on moving
pre-sessional programmes online at pace
Authors: Borthwick Kate
Published: February 2021

This article describes how a complex and large Pre-Sessional (PS)
programme at the University of Southampton (UoS) moved online at pace during
the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines the scale of the challenge and the ideas
that informed our approach. It gives an overview of the technical and
learning design used to deliver the programme, and makes observations on how
this was achieved using Blackboard, MS Teams, and Padlet. It indicates how a
mix of whole-cohort content and smaller, online group spaces within one site
were used to recreate a personalised, small-group teaching experience. It
closes with some comments on lessons learned from the experience.
Mujer indígena, desigualdad social y quebrantamiento de sus derechos
Authors: Vergel Barrera Michael David , Martinez Muñoz Liceth Ximena
Published: February 2021

La vulneración de derechos que sufre la mujer indígena como producto de situaciones cotidianas y deinstituciones jurídicas que no le dan una atención necesaria viene de tiempo atrás; es incomprensibleque las situaciones en que hoy se pueden encontrar las mujeres indígenas se asemejan a las queocurrían hacía décadas y que la evolución para erradicar la violencia no haya obtenido mayor pesodentro de las comunidades indígenas. Así, debe brindarse mayor relevancia a estos temas, pues lamujer indígena ocupa un rol muy importante dentro de la sociedad, no solo en sus comunidades.Es evidente el clamor de equidad e igualdad en la participación política dentro y fuera de suscomunidades; se debe brindar valor a su opinión, tener acceso a derechos intrínsecos para undesarrollo social con garantías que le permitan trazar, con su autonomía, diferentes beneficios queles han sido negados durante generaciones.
Colombia 4.0 retos y perspectivas sobre el desarrollo de la cuarta revolución industrial
Authors: Valencia Banguera Katty Dayanna , Pedraza Rodriguez Wenndy Roxana
Published: February 2021

La Cuarta Revolución Industrial es un tema altamente abordado en la actualidad, debido a la pertinencia de sus implicaciones en materia de tecnologías e Inteligencia Artificial; en muchos espacios se tiene como tema agotado, no así en Colombia, donde se ha desarrollado de forma tardía; es por ello, que en el presente libro se contextualizan las incidencias de ésta Revolución en Colombia, teniendo como antecedente principal el lanzamiento del Centro para la Cuarta Revolución Industrial en la ciudad de Medellín fundado en el año 2009 por parte del Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo, que introdujo al país a la red de Centros asociados para la 4RI, produciendo consecuencias en todas las esferas de la sociedad y generando desafíos que se exponen en el desarrollo del libro, desafíos que van desde el área de lo socio-económico, la protección de datos personales en el uso de tecnologías, la transformación del concepto de trabajo y derechos laborales, la seguridad jurídica, la implementación de la Inteligencia Artificial en la dinámica de la justicia, hasta las áreas de diseño y las artes, el libro hace una recopilación multidisciplinar donde a pesar de utilizarse con el lenguaje técnico de cada materia, tiene para el lector un pliego de definiciones previas que dan claridad y aterrizan al lector sobre las implicaciones del concepto de revolución industrial y el fenómeno que es en sí, finalmente, el mismo termina con una serie de recomendaciones y reflexiones que dejan los autores sobre el desarrollo y la realidad que desde ya implica la 4RI en Colombia.
La izquierda en Colombia. Un análisis del Comportamiento electoral en el siglo xxi
Authors: Restrepo Echavarria Nestor Julian , Casas Diego Alejandro , Patiño Illimani
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar la evolución institucional y el comportamiento electoralde la izquierda colombiana en el periodo posterior a la Reforma Política Constitucional de 2003, enla cual se estableció el umbral electoral para enfrentar el fenómeno de la alta volatilidad en el sistemade partidos colombiano. Para tal fin, este trabajo se desarrolla desde el enfoque institucionalista,por medio del método cualitativo de tipo documental y de análisis y sistematización de datos. Coneste se pretende, en primer lugar, caracterizar los diferentes movimientos y partidos políticos deizquierda, y, posteriormente, identificar las convergencias y divergencias que han tenido a escalasinstitucional, electoral y programática en tres periodos: el periodo previo a la Reforma Política de2003; el periodo de 2004 hasta las elecciones presidenciales de 2010; y, en tercer lugar, el inicio delprimer Gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos hasta la firma del Acuerdo de paz con las Fuerzas ArmadasRevolucionarias de Colombia (FARC).
A construção dialética de uma criminologia crítica para as fronteiras Latino-Americanas
Authors: Irala de Medeiros Fabiana
Published: February 2021

Regiões de fronteira têm uma realidade particular marcada pela violência e pelos altos índices de criminalidade, com a presença maciça de polícias e entidades militares que buscam a repressão como controle social. Diante do avanço das organizações transnacionais, não é mais possível pensar na aplicação de teorias que desconsiderem a especificidade latino-americana. No que diz respeito à sua tradição criminológica, menciona-se que as políticas internas nacionais são elaboradas sobre a base do conhecimento produzido nos países centrais. A imitação de políticas centrais, frequentemente fora de contexto e utilizando metodologias dissonantes, tornam-nas fadadas ao insucesso. Assim, pontua-se que tal tema deve ser analisado sob a perspectiva da dependência histórica, edificada a partir do método dialético, considerando o processo de dominação cultural e a necessidade de insurgência da luta de classes contra o colonialismo. Nesse sentido, Maximo Sozzo trabalha a tradução dos modelos centrais, a importação cultural e a história do presente, buscando recobrar a ruptura criminológica das importações criminológicas com a descolonialização ideológica da criminologia. Sobre “fronteiras”, o conceito tradicional abrange dois significados semânticos: fronteira-frontier, como front de batalha, utilizando a militarização como componente de repressão, e fronteira-borderland, como lugar de encontro e negociação. Portanto, percebe-se que métodos europeus de repressão em fronteiras não se adéquam à realidade latino-americana por aplicar, em sua origem, o duplo significado de fronteiras. Já nas fronteiras latino-americanas, considera-se apenas o contexto “frontier” — fronteiras como espaço facilitador da criminalidade transnacional; por isso, a inadequação do controle criminológico transfronteiriço atual e a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um método dialético próprio.
Cumbres indígenas: Política y diplomacia ancestral en América Latina
Authors: Cruz Chavarro Nasly Nayely , Arevalo Robles Gabriel Andres
Published: February 2021

La diplomacia indígena es una práctica social y política recurrente de representantes indígenas, para mediar, incidir y negociar sus apuestas políticas en escenarios y organismos internacionales y regionales. Una de sus principales y más novedosas dimensiones son los encuentros y cumbres diplomáticas indígenas, que se convirtieron en estrategias de negociación ancestral para la construcción de horizontes políticos continentales. El presente artículo expone los principales hallazgos de la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cuáles han sido las dimensiones políticas, funcionales y simbólico/culturales de la diplomacia indígena de los encuentros y cumbres ancestrales realizados en América Latina en los últimos treinta años? Los principales hallazgos fueron: a) el horizonte político indígena latinoamericano evolucionó hacia la concepción de la ‘toma del poder’; b) el cambio de milenio se concibió como una señal del tiempo cíclico para la recuperación del territorio ancestral, tomando como referencia la autodeterminación; c) la espiritualidad es la inspiración y guía de las luchas ancestrales; d) la lucha de las mujeres indígenas por la apertura de espacios de participación continental. Cada una de estas respuestas será desarrollada a lo largo del presente texto.
Luis Jerónimo de Oré OFM — Symbolo Catholico Indiano (1598)
Authors: Kaproń OFM Kasper
Published: February 2021

Brother Luis Jerónimo de Oré’s Symbolo Catholico Indiano was the most important and authorized sixteenth century treatise for the evangelization of the native Andean peoples. In its pages we find a vivid image of Andean reality immediately after the Conquest and a fervent exposition of the Catholic faith inspired in the recent Councils of Trent and Lima. The treatise also presents the missioning methods that served the Franciscans and other priests of the Viceroyalty for the evangelization of the indigenous peoples. Above all, in this text we find an admirable exposition of the theological doctrine and catechetical practice in the anthropological perspective that forms its starting point, which is the Andean man or woman who had never heard a message of salvation and dignity for the human person.

Brother Luis Jerónimo de Oré Rojas OFM was born in Huamanga in 1554 (now the geographi- cal Department of Ayacucho in Perú). He was a zealous missionary who travelled throughout the colonizers’ territory, from the extreme north of Florida to the extreme south of Chile. As an intelli- gent linguist he was the author of important rituals and catechisms in Quechua and Aymara. He was one of the first bishops born on the American soil, and the first to be incorporated into the Native Indian Council and the Vatican hierarchy; as a bishop he stood out for his protection of aboriginal groups and his energetic defense of the cultural integrity of Native Indian nations.
Historia jako szczególne wyzwanie Kościoła w ujęciu Józefa Nowackiego i Mariana Banaszaka
Authors: Rybacki Rafał
Published: February 2021

In the presented article history is shown as a special challenge for the Church. The issue raised is presented in relation to historical research and didactic activity of two Polish historians, Józef Nowacki and Marian Banaszak. Two basic questions are asked: what is the specificity of the history of the Church in all theological disciplines? and: What is the basic requirement that this discipline is in the reality of the Church?
Środki katechizacji w ujęciu prawa kanonicznego
Authors: Adamczyk Jerzy
Published: February 2021

This arcticle refers to the issue of means of catechesis in the canonical aspect. Firstly, there have been shown the rules which relate to necessity of using aids of catechetical activity. Then, it has been concentrated about issues of instruments dedicated to the orientation and general planning of catechetical activity in particular Church. Next it has been explained matter of catechisms and other writings pertaining to catechetical instruction. Finally, it has been focused on adio-visual aids and instruments of social communication in catechetical formation.
Nie zaprzepaścić bogactwa młodości.
Authors: Brzeziński Mirosław
Published: February 2021

The wealth of youth is the wording used by John Paul II in the Letter to the young Parati semper to show that the time of youth is a special period of life which is the wealth of the person who experi- ences it. Also, Francis and the final document of the 2018 Youth Synod show the time of youth as a special period in human life.

In the article, based on the teachings of John Paul II, addressed to young people, as well as a post-synodal document for the Young, faith and discernment of vocation, the period of youth is shown as a special time of discovering, getting to know oneself and surrounding reality, designing life. Important elements of the wealth of youth are love, which demands, freedom in truth and friendship with Christ, who helps us discover and realize these values.

The article also shows the dangers of the modern world that can interfere with the use of the wealth of youth. They are: culture of temporality, lack of dreams and anxiety, digital environment, excessive and falsified focus on human sexuality, or external living conditions such as armed conflicts, poverty, and various forms of violence. In the face of these threats, ways of preventing and opposing them were also indicated. These are: the choice of Christ as Lord and Friend and openness to His teachings, openness to other people and entering into dialogue with him, it is the pursuit of dreams, shaping and development of spirituality, solidarity and joy of life.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Mechanical Hemolysis after Mitral Repair in Adult
Authors: Huang Jing-bin , Wen Zhao-ke , Lu Wei-jun , Lu Chang-chao , Tang Xian-ming
Published: February 2021

Background: Mitral repair has been widely used in the treatment of secondary mitral lesions in recent years. Hemolytic anemia is known to be a rare complication after mitral repair. This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical hemolysis after mitral repair in adults.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients undergoing mitral repair complicated with mechanical hemolysis at our institution between August 2006 and May 2020.
Results: Twenty-four patients undergoing mitral repair complicated with mechanical hemolysis were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: the reoperation group (patients who underwent reoperation; N = 18) and the conservative treatment group (patients who received symptomatic treatments, including blood transfusion, diuresis, alkalization of urine, liver protection, hemodialysis, and oral metoprolol; N = 6. All patients in the reoperation group underwent mitral valve replacement. There were six hospital deaths, all in the conservative treatment group. Seventeen of eighteen patients (94.4%) completed follow up. Fifteen of seventeen survivors (88.2%) were in NYHA class I and 11.8% (2/17) in NYHA class II at the last time follow up.
Conclusions: Hemolysis is a sign of failure of mitral repair. Reoperation is the best choice once the hemolysis has been diagnosed. Reoperation should be carried out as soon as possible.
MnO2-loaded activated carbon and its adsorption of formaldehyde
Authors: Wang Liangcai , Wu Yishuang , Liu Shasha , Zhang Yimeng , Chen Yu , Ma Huanhuan , Zhu Zhengxiang , Zhou Jianbin
Published: February 2021

Coconut shell activated carbon (AC) loaded with MnO2 was tested as an adsorbent for formaldehyde. Preparation conditions of MnO2-loaded AC (MnO2-AC) were optimized. The resulting AC and MnO2-AC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of formaldehyde (3.5 mg/L) by MnO2-AC (concentration of manganese nitrate/sodium carbonate was 0.3 mol/L, impregnation oscillation time of 4 h, calcination temperature and time of 350 C and 4 h, respectively) was 93.1%, which increased by 251% compared to that of the AC. The adsorption equilibrium of MnO2-AC was achieved after 4 h. With increasing dosage of MnO2-AC, the rate of increasing of the adsorption efficiency became more gradual. The adsorption process of the formaldehyde solution with a low concentration fit the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model, where the adsorption capacity was 9.22 mg/g. The stability and regenerability of MnO2-AC were good.
Between the Critique of Socialism and Childhood Nostalgia: The Memory of Soviet Era in the Life Stories of the 1970s Generation
Authors: Šutinienė Irena
Published: February 2021

The article examines the autobiographical memory of the 1970s generation about the Soviet era. This generation, born in 1970–1979, is interesting for research because of its socialization in two different social and political systems: its childhood and adolescence date back to the Soviet period, while the beginning of adulthood coincides with the collapse of socialism and the restoration of democracy. Based on an analysis of life stories of the 1970s generation, the article explores features of memory of this generation, how it corresponds to the discourse of autobiographical memory of the Soviet era, as well as the generation’s role in the intergenerational transmission of Soviet-era family memory.
Scientific Research in Education, Vol 3 (2020)
Authors: Orechova Monika , Gudaitytė Dalija
Published: February 2021

Peer reviewed scientific publication
Attempts at creating a new concept of literature •
Authors: Bárczi Zsófia
Published: February 2021

Using the term Hungarian literature in (Czecho-)Slovakia has been a problem for literary historiography specialised on reflecting on this corpus since the emergence of minority Hungarian literatures defined by geopolitics. Since the twenties onwards, the texts of the belletristic corpus have been asking, from time to time, about the relationships among space and identity, and providing answers from approaches heroic to ironic. The relationships of identity and space are reflected vigorously not only in belletristic representations but in the literary criticism that reflects on them and in literary historiography as well. In my study, I am going to follow the process having taken place in the literary-historical narrative between the two World Wars, which aimed to transform the geopolitical factors associated with identity into a constructed space through articulating the experience of intermediacy and reflecting on the “as-if” state of the intercultural existence of Hungarian literature in Slovakia.
Transcultural phenomena in contemporary Slovakian Hungarian prose
Authors: Csizmadia Gabriella Petres
Published: February 2021

In my study I deal with the transcultural liteary-spacial position of contemporary Slovakian Hungarian prose. I have selected the works for interpretation from the representative writings of the last five years (Katarina Durica: Szlovákul szeretni [To love in Slovak]. Libri, Budapest, 2016; Anikó N. Tóth: Szabad ez a hely? [Is this seat free?]. Pesti Kallgiram Kft., Budapest, 2017; Pál Száz: Fűje sarjad mezőknek [Grass grows on meadows]. Pesti Kalligram Kft., Budapest, 2017). Due to their diversity in genre, language and subject, these works provide a cross-section of contemporary Slovakian Hungarian prose. The peculiarity of the corpus is that it reflects on the hibridity, inter- and multiculturalism typical for Central-European literature (cf. Welsch, 1999), and it also demonstrates translocality, multiculturalism, multilingualism and the experience of using multiple language varieties.
Postcolonialism in Central Europe •
Authors: Nagy Gábor Tolcsvai
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses the post-1990 historical developments in Central Europe as a specific instantiation of postcolonialism, particularly in the linguistic domain. After the severe communist rule and Soviet military occupation in most countries (which enjoyed a non-typical colonial status), this region was freed, but many socio-cultural features of culture, language policy, language use, and everyday communication activities show that many forms practiced during the colonial period are still maintained. These remnants show a certain postcolonial way of life in the region. The paper first surveys the literature, discussing the validity of the notion of postcolonialism for the given period in Central Europe. In the second part, general postcolonial features pertaining to the Hungarian language community are introduced. These features are detailed first focusing on the developments in Hungary, then on the minority Hungarian communities across the border around Hungary. Factors are presented including communicative systems, language policy, language variants, reflection, and self-reflection on the language community and identification, language rights, and public education, with attention paid to adherence to colonial schemas and the quick transition to postmodern communication forms.
A receding paradigm as a tool of language discrimination
Authors: Kozmács István
Published: February 2021

The 1Sg forms of ik-verbs are identical in the definite and indefinite conjugations in Standard Hungarian. The use of nonstandard forms can evoke discrimination despite the fact that it has been well-known for a long time that by the 18th century the ik-paradigm survived only in some eastern and western dialects of the language (Simonyi, 1906a, p. 14; Brassai, 2011, p. 253; Benkő, 1992, p. 213). In the early 19th century the language revival movement revived the disappearing ik-conjugation (Révai, 1806) and made it part of the educated, literary, and later standard variety.

The present paper demonstrates how a paradigm that almost completely receded became the tool of language stigmatization as a result of the actions of those with linguistic power, and shows, on the basis of a questionnaire based study, to what extent the ik-paradigm is present in the language use of 14–19-year-olds at the beginning of the 21st century.
El delito de pornografía infantil en el derecho penal vaticano. Evolución normativa: del Código Penal de Zanardelli a la legislación especial vigente en la actualidad en materia penal
Authors: Zappulla Andrea
Published: February 2021

Este artículo estudia los delitos de pornografía infantil y posesión de pornografía infantil en el contexto del ordenamiento penal del Vaticano. A partir de la conexión entre pedofilia y pornografía infantil, el estudio se centra en analizar las diferencias entre estos dos tipos de delitos, para identificar las características definitorias de cada uno. También se destaca la diferencia entre pornografía infantil y pornografía de menores. Una lectura atenta de las leyes que constituyen el Código Zanardelli revela sus limitaciones, esto es, la imposibilidad de probar o sancionar nuevos casos penales. Así, el Legislador procedió a actualizar y adaptar el derecho penal con una serie de medidas, diseñadas para permitir que el ordenamiento del Vaticano satisfaga las necesidades emergentes en relación con nuevos tipos de delitos. La sección final del documento explora la evolución de la respuesta regulatoria del Vaticano a los delitos de pornografía infantil y posesión de pornografía infantil.
La mujer en la Iglesia
Authors: Blanco María
Published: February 2021

El artículo incluye un breve recorrido por la historia de la mujer en la Iglesia partiendo de la idea de que Jesucristo fue «el auténtico generador y promotor de su dignidad». Analiza el ejemplo de la abadesa de Las Huelgas, que desde 1187 hasta 1874 ejerció jurisdicción civil y eclesiástica. Una figura con unas competencias hoy día, absolutamente impensables.

Sugiere situar en su contexto el debate sobre la mujer en la Iglesia, respaldar institucionalmente el trabajo de las mujeres evitando que la presencia femenina en tareas organizativas y oficiales de la Iglesia aparezca únicamente como fruto de circunstancias coyunturales y, finalmente, destaca que la genuina posición que le corresponde a las mujeres no viene dada por la «participación en los oficios eclesiásticos, sino por el respeto por el don recibido». No obstante, analiza los supuestos concretos de la participación de los laicos en oficios de la Iglesia.

Conclusión: Es imprescindible la específica aportación de la mujer para alcanzar, como dijo Juan Pablo II, «una cultura capaz de conciliar razón y sentimiento, una concepción de la vida siempre abierta al sentido del misterio y la edificación de estructuras económicas, culturales y políticas más ricas en humanidad».