bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gamification and ai in english language training for nurses: Trends and outcomes
Authors: Sukmawati Ida Dian , Setyawati Martyarini Budi , Prasetio Agung Budi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to investigate how gamification and artificial intelligence can be included into nursing students’ English language instruction. English language competency has grown in importance for nurses, particularly in the global healthcare setting where precise documentation and efficient communication are essential. However, busy schedules frequently make it difficult for nursing students to find time for language study, which frequently results in lower motivation and engagement during the learning process. Gamification has been shown to be successful in raising motivation and learning engagement through components like leaderboards, badges, and points. AI makes it possible to customize learning by creating materials according to each student’s need and giving them immediate feedback, which might help them become more proficient in the language. This research synthesizes studies on the use of these technologies in nursing education, identifies key trends, evaluates learning outcomes, and discusses challenges such as limited access to technology and lack of training for teachers. The results show that gamification and AI have great potential in improving nursing students’ English competency, especially in enhancing their professional communication skills.
Peculiarities of high-temperature oscillations of kinetic coefficients of semimetals and the anisotropic size effect
Authors: Korshak A. N.
Published: January 2025

The peculiarities of high-temperature oscillations (HTO) of the kinetic coefficients of semimetals are compared with the oscillatory dependences of perfect crystals under conditions of the anisotropic size effect. It is shown that the predictions of the theory presented by the author/Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 19, 680 (1993)/are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data on the temperature dependence of the amplitude and the frequency spectrum of HTO.
The electronic structure and physical properties of NbSi2
Authors: Antonov V. N. , Yavorsky B. Yu. , Shpak A. P. , Plotnikov N. A.
Published: January 2025

The band structure, the l-projected densities of states, and the Fermi surface of niobium disilicide have been calculated using the Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital (LMTO) method. The angular dependence of the extremal Fermi surface cross-section areas, cyclotron masses, and soft x-ray emission spectra have been calculated. The agreement with the experimental data is rather good.
Scaling functions in the universality class of two-dimensional models with a one-component order parameter
Authors: Rutkevich S. B.
Published: January 2025

Thermodynamic studies are carried out for the fermion model, which is equivalent in the critical region to the two-dimensional Ising model in a uniform magnetic field. Natural assumptions concerning the structure of the ground state lead to the equation of state in the form of a similitude relation. The obtained expression for the scaling function gives correct values of critical indices β = 1/8, δ = 15, and γ = γ′=7/4.
Nonlinear dynamics of the Four-sublattice antiferromagnet La2CuO4
Authors: Gerasimchuk V. S. , Sukstanskii A. L.
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of domain walls in four-sublattice antiferromagnets of the La2CuO4 type in an external magnetic field is studied. It is shown that an oscillating field in the amplitude-linear approximation excites vibrations of acoustic-type boundaries, while drift of such boundaries takes place in second order perturbation theory. The drift velocity is calculated, and its dependence on the frequency and polarization of the field is analyzed.
Inelastic scattering time of electrons in disordered bismuth films: “dirty” limit
Authors: Komnik Yu. F. , Kashirin V. Yu. , Belevtsev B. I. , Belyaev E. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The behavior of quantum corrections to the magnetic conductivity of thin bismuth films (of thickness ∼ 100 Å) associated with weak localization of electrons is studied in the temperature interval 0.3–10 K under conditions of electron overheating. The experimental data are used to obtain the temperature dependence of the time τeph of electron-phonon energy relaxation and the time τephi corresponding to the electron-phonon contribution to the phase relaxation of electrons. The theoretically predicted attenuation of electron-phonon interaction in the case of the inequality qphl <1 (qph is the wave vector of thermal phonon, and l is the electron mean free path) ensuring the “dirty” limit is detected experimentally for the first time. Two possibilities of realization of “dirty” limit are discussed, viz., an artificial decrease in the mean free path l and a decrease in temperature to a value below the characteristic temperature T2= ħsl,t/kl (sl,t is the phonon velocity) which has a value ≃1K for l≃100 Å. A transition is observed from the dependence τeph −1∝T3 to τeph1∝T4 is observed at a temperature of 1.2 K, which is in accord with the estimated value of T2 for the investigated objects.
On the hysteresis of absorption in a YBaCuO textured ceramic plate
Authors: D’yachenko A. I. , Chabanenko V. V. , Zalutsky M. V. , Reusenblatt E. M.
Published: January 2025

It is found that the rf absorption in textured MTG samples of YBaCuO ceramics increases during the reverse variation of the external static field. This result is in contradiction with the situation observed in conventional metal ceramic samples, where rf absorption decreases upon a decrease in the external field. The observed effect is probably associated with the similarity of the electrodynamic properties of the investigated MTG ceramic samples with those of bulk single crystals of type II superconductors. The absence of nonlinear response also points towards a radical variation in the properties of intragranular contacts.
Low-temperature RHEED: A study of strontium titanate surface (100)
Authors: Krainyukova N. V. , Strzhemechny M. A.
Published: January 2025

We have implemented a version of the reflection high electron energy diffraction (RHEED) method for studying the planar structure of surfaces at temperatures down to 100 K. The structure of a SrTiO3 surface has been studied as a function of temperature from 120 to 300 K. The linear thermal expansion coefficient along the surface layer does not exceed the known bulk value.
Ground state of the extended Hubbard model with attraction at neighboring sites
Authors: Slepchenko B. M.
Published: January 2025

The ground state is studied for a model, in which, along with the transfer and the strong on-site Coulomb repulsion, we account for an effective attraction of carriers with opposite spins on neighboring sites, which appears, for example, within the framework of the magnetic pairing mechanism in CuO2 layers on the oxygen sublattice. We first solve a two-particle problem, then, based on the results obtained, we study a multi-particle problem with infinite on-site repulsion. According to the phase diagram obtained, as the energy parameter J/t decreases at a fixed particle concentration, the system experiences in succession the following transitions: antiferromagnetic insulator—bipolaron-like superconductor—BCS-type superconductor—normal metal. The results are compared with experimental data for high-Tc superconductors.
Antiferromagnetic resonance in (NH3)2(CH2)2CuCI4
Authors: Stepanov A. A. , Kobets M. I. , Pashchenko V. A.
Published: January 2025

Antiferromagnetic resonance in (NH3)2(CH2)2CUCl 4 is studied and the magnetic parameters describing static and rf properties are determined. It is shown, that according to the type of magnetic anisotropy, (NH3)2(CH2)2CUCl 4 is a magnet with an easy-plane type anisotropy.
Superfast temperature-electric domains in metals
Authors: Kadigrobov A. M. , Slutskin A. A.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that temperature-electric domains (TED) formed spontaneously in normal metals at low temperatures under Joule heating of the sample may have very high velocities, approaching the electron velocity on the Fermi surface. This new dynamic mode is associated with anisotropy in the thermal conductivity of a metal. A general formula expressing the TED velocity in terms of the characteristics of heat removal from the metal sample and nondiagonal components of the thermal conductivity tensor is obtained.
Low-temperature order-disorder transitions in some alloys of the Fea–xMnxAs system with a≃1.5
Authors: Val’kov V. I. , Zavadskii E. A. , Khapalyuk E. A.
Published: January 2025

A sequence of magnetic phase transitions from the paramagnetic phase to the ferri-antiferromagnetism coexistence phase has been studied in alloys of the type Fea–xMnxAs with a ≃ 1.5. A phenomenologic model is suggested to explain the observed results. The model is based on Moriya’s idea of the interaction of magnetic modes of different symmetry.
Anomalous lineshape of a cyclotron resonance in 2D electronic systems
Authors: Aronov Igor E. , Krive Ilya V.
Published: January 2025

The lineshape of a cyclotron resonance (CR) in a two-dimensional electron gas is analyzed. It is shown that two qualitatively different types of resonant absorption can arise, depending on the value of magnetic field B. If the resonance value of the magnetic field falls within the region where the dc Hall conductivity is quantized at low temperatures, then the resonance absorption lines are damped and broadened at temperatures T < W (W being the width of the mobility gap). With increase of the temperature (W⩽T≪νeff, νeff is the frequency of electron-phonon relaxation) the amplitude of the resonance line grows, attains its maximum and then decreases at T ⩾ νeff. In the case in which the resonance absorption is observed in the region off the QHE steps, the temperature-dependence of the resonance amplitude is normal.
Effect of random anisotropy on the transition to ferrimagnetic spin glass state
Authors: Efimova N. N. , Kufterina S. R.
Published: January 2025

The mechanisms of formation of disordered magnetic states of the ferrimagnetic spin-glass (FSG) type in anisotropic Heisenberg systems with short-range exchange interaction are studied. To verify the hypothesis about the active role of random anisotropy in this process under nonuniform exchange conditions, the model object Li0.475Co0.05Fe1.575Ga0.9O4 was synthesized and investigated by introducing a small (1.7 mol.%) stoichiometric ion impurity (Co2+) with a strong spin-orbital coupling into diluted spinel. The results of investigation of the magnetic properties directly connected with the SG state are presented. The FSG state realized in the experiments can be presented as a disordered umbrella structure formed as a result of the combined action of a strong interlattice exchange (equivalent to the mean exchange J0) and random anisotropy.
Investigation of magnetic properties of HTS ceramics RBa2Cu3O7–δ (R = Y,Gd,Dy,Yb,Eu) in constant and varying fields
Authors: Efimova N. N. , Popkov Yu. A. , Ustimenkova M. B. , Finkel’ M. K.
Published: January 2025

The magnetic properties (magnetization, magnetic hysteresis, magnetic susceptibility χ1′,χ2′,χ3′ of HTS ceramic RBa2Cu3O7–δ (R = Y, Gd, Dy, Yb, Eu) are studied in constant (0 ⩽ H ⩽5 · 104 Oe) and varying (0.184 ⩽ h0 ⩽ 36.8 Oe) fields, as well as under the combined action of the fields H and h0 in the temperature interval 4.2 K ⩽ T ⩽ Tc. Principal attention is paid to investigations of weak bond processes. It is found that the upper critical field Hc2J for weak bonds is an analog of the field Hg∗ corresponding to complete penetration of the superconducting granules. The temperature-field dependences of susceptibility display a number of singularities that point toward a hierarchy of weak bonds, i.e., toward the existence of distribution functions of critical fields Hc1J and Hc2J for one latter.
Low-temperature heat capacity of ordered Fe25Pd75–xAux alloys
Authors: Kourov N. I. , Tyulenev L. N. , Vereshchagin Yu. A.
Published: January 2025

The heat capacity of atomically ordered Fe25Pd75–xAux alloys with x ⩽ 37.5 at. % is investigated in the interval 3 K < T < 30 K. The temperature and concentration dependences of low-temperature heat capacity in the region of phase transition from the ferromagnetic (x < 5 at. %) to the antiferromagnetic (x > 25 at. %) state are discussed. The anomalous behavior of the heat capacity observed at T ∼ 7 K in alloys in the transition region of concentrations is associated with its lattice component and with the possibility of realizing an isothermal thermoelastic martensite transformation accompanied by the emergence of structural distortions in the sample.
J-matrix method in the theory of Heisenberg ferromagnets
Authors: Krasovsky I. V. , Peresada V. I.
Published: January 2025

A new method of studying the two-magnon spectrum in various ferromagnets (antiferro- and ferrimagnets in a strong magnetic field) described by the Heisenberg model is introduced. As an example, the problem of two-magnon bound states is considered in the case of ferromagnets (antiferro- and ferrimagnets in a strong magnetic field) in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions consisting of 1) a simple lattice of identical spins; 2) two simple sublattices of two different spins and described by the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model. Convergence to the optically active bound states in the latter systems turns out to be particularly fast. A statement is proved that, in a simple ferromagnetic lattice of identical spins governed by the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg Hamiltonian, the number of bound states does not exceed one half the number of nearest neighbors, and all bound states have energies below the continuum.
Low-temperature thermo-emf in disordered graphite intercalated by SbCI5
Authors: Vovchenko L. L. , Dvorkina I. V. , Matzui L. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependences S(T) of thermo-emf of disordered graphite samples intercalated by SbCl5 at various stages in the temperature interval 4.2–300 K are investigated. The observed S(T) peculiarities in the temperature interval 10−20 K are attributed to the weak localization effect and electron-electron interaction. In the temperature interval 90−115 K, the peculiarities are due to phonon drag of charge carriers.
Spontaneous magnetostriction in the ordered phase of NiCI2
Authors: Baryl’nik A. S. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Strzhemechnyi M. A. , Yantsevich L. D. , Lozenko A. F. , Trotsenko P. A. , Turchak P. M.
Published: January 2025

Spontaneous magnetostriction is measured for the first time in the ordered phase of NiCl2 by using two independent methods (powder x-ray diffractometry and dilatometry in crossed magnetic fields). These methods differ in that the change in the lattice parameters upon a transition to the ordered polydomain state, which is effectively isotropic in the basal plane, is measured in the former case, while the change in the sample size as a result of monodomainization of the state induced by the magnetic field is measured in the latter case. In spite of a qualitative similarity (positive striction in the hexagonal plane of magnetic ordering and compression along the c-axis), the results exhibit considerable quantitative differences. The spontaneous striction determined by using the x-ray technique is uxx = uyy = (7.2±2.2) · 10−4 in the plane and uzz = − (8.7±3.3) · 10−4 along the c-axis, which is approximately an order of magnitude larger than dilatometric value (besides, dilatometrically measured striction turns out to be strongly anisotropic in the basal plane, which is quite natural).
Optical spectroscopy of superconductors: changes of electron structure and electron processes in YBa2Cu3O7–δ when crossing over from underdoping to overdoping
Authors: Fugol’ I. Ya. , Ratner A. M. , Samovarov V. N. , Zhuravlev V. M. , Gul’ O. V. , Uyutnov S. A.
Published: January 2025

Temperature dependence of the absorption κ of single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7–δ films is studied experimentally in the visible spectral range for the limiting cases of oxygen doping. In the case of overdoping (δ≃0.05) and underdoping (δ≃0.5), the dependence κ(T) has a singularity at the Tc point. Above Tc, in both cases, κ varies noticeably with temperature, but in the former case, dk/dT <0, while in the latter case, dk/dT>0. The temperature behavior of the absorption has been shown to be related to the number of holes in the CuO2 plane, nh. In the underdoping case, nh increases with temperature due to escape of electrons from the CuO2 plane to other lattice fragments, whereas under overdoping, nh drops with temperature because of electron inflow. The noticeable magnitude of the effect is explained by the large ratio, of the ion binding energy to the Fermi hole energy while the sign variability is explained by changes of the physical-chemical structure when going from underdoping to overdoping.
Magnetic and thermal properties at the initial stage of formation of spin-glass-type states in the system Li0.5Fe2.5–xGaxO4 (x=0.9, 1.0)
Authors: Efimova N. N. , Popkov Yu. A. , Kufterina S. R. , Khalibi M. , Pervakov V. A. , Ovcharenko V. I. , Tyutryumova N. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Complex investigations of thermal and magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of diluted ferrimagnetic spinels Li0.5Fe2.5–xGaxO4 with a concentration x=0.9 and 1.0 of nonmagnetic Ga3+ ions show that at the initial concentration stage of the formation of spin-glass (SG)-type disordered states, when nonzero spontaneous magnetization for longitudinal spin components coexists with long-range SG order for transverse components, the low-energy excitations are spin waves with a quadratic energy-momentum relation and are responsible for the violation of the long-range SG order at the freezing temperature Tf. The existence of an uncorrelated disorder in the magnetic subsystem at T>Tf leads to the emergence of other types of modes (in addition to the spin waves) in the excitation spectrum. This is manifested in the form of peaks on the temperature dependences of the magnetic contributions to the heat capacity.
Elementary excitations in a ferroelectric antiferromagnet with Jahn–Teller excitations
Authors: Chupis I. E.
Published: January 2025

The spectrum is obtained for elementary excitations of an axial ferroelectric antiferromagnet containing Jahn–Teller ions in a magnetic field H parallel and perpendicular to the equilibrium electric polarization P0. It is shown that noncommutativity of operators of electric polarization and magnetic moment of a Jahn–Teller ion induces high-frequency oscillations of the magnetic moment (H⊥ P0), splitting of the degenerate optical phonon branch in a magnetic field, and precession of the electric polarization vector (H|| P0). These effects are also possible in a paramagnetic crystal in external electric and magnetic fields.
New peculiarities in the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics of bismuth
Authors: Bengus S. V. , Krasovitskii Vit. B.
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear current-voltage characteristics of bismuth are studied at liquid helium temperatures. It is shown experimentally that, if the magnetic field vector is directed along the binary axis, the nonlinear conductivity regime established in the sample with a characteristic relaxation time τb is followed by a transient process whose duration τx is an order of magnitude larger than τb.
Radiofrequency size effect in metals with a real surface
Authors: Lur’e M. A.
Published: January 2025

The method developed earlier by Lur’e et al. [J. Low Temp. Phys. 56, 277 (1984)] for investigating the propagation of electromagnetic waves in metal plates is used to study the surface state of a metal with the help of radiofrequency size effect (RSE). It is shown that the surface scattering of electrons practically does not affect the RSE in quite thin plates. In comparatively thick plates, however, the main characteristics of the effect are sensitive to surface scattering, and the width and amplitude of RSE lines are determined by microscopic characteristics of the surface. Under these conditions, the dependence of the main characteristics of the effect on the electromagnetic wave frequency, electron mean free path, and sample thickness is studied in detail. The results of investigations are presented in a compact form and are convenient for comparison with the experimental data.
The effect of deformation by drawing at 77 K on the microstructure, critical current, and mechanical properties of Nb–Ti alloys
Authors: Aksenov V. K. , Volchok O. I. , Gorbatenko V. M. , Emlyaninov V. A. , Lazareva M. B. , Mats A. V. , Okovit V. S. , Starodubov Ya. D. , Chernyi O. V. , Chirkina L. A.
Published: January 2025

The structure and current-carrying capacity of the alloy Nb–51.5% Ti in the superconducting state is studied after large plastic deformations at 77 and 300 K and subsequent annealing. It is found that the specific nature of the defect structure of the alloy subjected to low-temperature strain considerably intensifies the diffusive decomposition of β-solid solution and increases the bulk concentration of the α-phase at the initial stages of annealing. In turn, this causes a noticeable increase in the critical current density.
On magnetocapacity of two-dimensional electron systems
Authors: Shikin V. B. , Nazin S. S.
Published: January 2025

The magnetocapacitance C of the gated two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) as a function of magnetic field H and voltage V between the 2DEG and the gate is discussed. At fixed temperature the function C(H,V) defines a surface with the deep grooves corresponding to the magnetocapacitance minima. The shape of the magnetocapacitance curves in the vicinity of these minima is shown to be strongly dependent on the path in the (H, V) plane along which the measurements are taken. In particular, the results on the minima shape relevant to both possible experimental situations (V = const or ns = const, where ns is the 2DEG density) are compared.
Shock compression of cryogenic liquids (Review)
Authors: Yakub E. S.
Published: January 2025

Application of the dynamic research methods to simple molecular liquids at high pressures have yielded a number of new results during the last decade, the most impressive of which is the discovery of the first-order phase transition and the shock-induced cooling in strongly compressed liquid nitrogen. In this review we consider recent experimental results for a number of shock compressed liquids of small molecules and discuss theoretical methods used for their explanation, based on models for short-range interatomic interaction forces.
Spectrum of collective vibrations of a one-dimensional system of electrons over liquid helium
Authors: Sokolov S. S. , Kirichek O. I.
Published: January 2025

The dispersion relation for collective modes of a one-dimensional chain of electrons in a channel filled with liquid helium is studied theoretically. It is shown that the dispersion relation has two branches, including an optical branch with a threshold frequency that depends on the magnitude of the compressing electric field. A dispersion relation is obtained for modes in the presence of a magnetic field applied parallel to the compressing field.
Energy spectrum of vibronic states of a Jahn–Teller ion
Authors: Vasyukov V. N. , Sukharevskii B. Ya.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that available experimental data on the EPR spectra of a bivalent copper ion in the octahedral coordination are not in accord with the two-mode cluster model of the Jahn–Teller effect for a number of parameters. In this connection, a modified cluster model is proposed, which takes into account the population of a large number of weakly split vibronic states. This model is used for explaining all the experimentally observed peculiarities in the manifestation of the Jahn–Teller effect in the EPR spectrum.
The electronic structure and properties of MoSi2. I. Body-centered tetragonal C11b structure
Authors: Antonov V. N. , Yavorsky B. Yu. , Shpak A. P. , Perlov A. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The electronic structure of molybdenum disilicide in body-centered tetragonal (C11b) crystal structure has been calculated using the Relativistic Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital (RLMTO) method. The angular dependence of the extremal Fermi surface cross-section areas, cyclotron masses, soft x-ray emission spectra and optical properties were calculated. The theoretical calculations are compared with the experimental data.
The electronic structure and properties of MoSi2. II. Hexagonal C40 structure
Authors: Antonov V. N. , Yavorsky B. Yu. , Shpak A. P. , Perlov A. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The electronic structure of molybdenum disilicide in hexagonal (C40) structure has been calculated using the Relativistic Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital (RLMTO) method. The band structure, the l-projected densities of states, the complex dielectric function, the optical conductivity, and the electron energy-loss spectra are evaluated in the energy range from 0 to 10 eV.
One-dimensional model for describing complex topological defects in two-dimensional antiferromagnets
Authors: Kovalev A. S.
Published: January 2025

Simple one-dimensional models are proposed to generalize the Frenkel–Kontorova model to the case of an antiferromagnetically ordered elastic crystal. It is shown that this model can provide a qualitative description of complex topological defects in 2D antiferromagnets in the form of a bound state of a dislocation with a magnetic disclination as well as a dislocation pair connected through an antiferromagnetic domain wall. The structural variation and dynamics of dislocations and their magnetic confinement upon a transition from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase are analyzed. Variation of elastic and plastic properties of quasi-two-dimensional crystals in the course of Néel phase transition is predicted.
Effect of temperature on relaxation of energized charge carriers in a bismuth point contact
Authors: Andrievskii V. V. , Ass E. I. , Rozhok S. V.
Published: January 2025

The effect of temperature and conditions of heat removal from a current-carrying point contact on the energy relaxation of electrons injected in it is investigated by the transverse electron focusing (TEF) technique in Bi. A specific phonon structure of the EF peak is formed during the injection of highly nonequilibrium charge carriers with an excess energy ΔE > EF in the region of the current-carrying point contact due to discrete nature of electron relaxation in the point contact, reflecting the energy distribution of electrons injected in the metal. It is found that a decrease in temperature from 4.2 to 1.5 K causes a linear (in temperature) displacement of the observed system of phonon singularities towards stronger magnetic fields, which undergoes a jump corresponding to the transition through the λ-point. The excess energy ΔE of injected electrons is determined not only by the applied voltage, but also by the point-contact temperature and the condition of heat removal from it.
Size-effect in point-contact spectroscopy of magnetic impurities in metals
Authors: Yanson I. K. , Fisun V. V. , Khotkevich A. V. , Hesper R. , Krans J. M. , Mydosh J. A. , van Ruitenbeek J. M.
Published: January 2025

Point contact spectra dV/dI(V) and dR/dV(V) were determined for various noble metals (Cu; Au) doped with magnetic impurities (Mn) by utilizing mechanically controllable break-junctions. The contact diameter d could be varied continuously from ∼2 to 100 nm. We observed an anomalous d-dependence of the width, amplitude and field dependence of the Kondo-effect zero bias peak, revealing an increase in the effective Kondo scattering in point contacts. The zero bias peak in dV/dl due to Kondo scattering exhibits a large broadening and increase of relative (compared to phonons) amplitude with decreasing d. By using the theoretical expression for the logarithmic slope of dV/dl vs V dependence, we found a significant enhancement in the exchange coupling parameter J, which leads to an enormous increase in the effective Kondo temperature TK for small contact diameters. For alloys with higher impurity concentration, the position of the spin-glass resistance peak on the voltage scale, was found to decrease with d in accordance with Larsen’s predictions for the peak of bulk resistivity on the temperature dependence for large values of J. Thus, both the Kondo scattering and the RKKY interaction were strongly modified by the contact size and could be attributed to an increase in the effective exchange interaction between the magnetic impurity and the conduction electrons in point contacts. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
Singularity in the concentration dependence of mechanical and magnetic resonance properties of Fe–B metallic glasses at low temperatures
Authors: Bengus V. Z. , Korol’kova E. B. , Tabachnikova E. D. , Duhaj P. , Golik A. V. , Tarapov S. I.
Published: January 2025

Concentration dependences of the yield stress as well as the local magnetization and spectroscopic splitting factor are measured (with the help of ferromagnetic resonance) in metallic glasses Fe100−xBx (x = 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20) under axial tension. A singularity in these properties is observed at the eutectic composition (x = 17). The observed singularity is attributed to a very large disordering of the atomic structure at the cluster boundaries in the metallic glass Fe83B17 caused by the specific structure of its clusters.
Low-temperature investigations of adsorbed layers
Authors: Naumovets A. G.
Published: January 2025

This article reviews low-temperature studies of adsorbed layers on solid surfaces. Examples are presented of results that demonstrate that such investigations are indispensable for understanding the adsorption kinetics, for revealing a variety of two-dimensional structures with low melting points, for elucidating the nature of interactions between adsorbed particles, and for elucidating the mechanisms of surface diffusion and of other surface processes. The importance of low-temperature experiments is expected to grow even more in further surface studies, particularly in connection with the fast advance of the methods that allow observation on the atomic level as well as handling individual atoms and molecules.
Broadening of resistive transitions and magnetic flux creep in PbTe/PbS superconducting superlattices
Authors: Fogel’ N. Ya. , Sipatov A. Yu. , Fedorenko A. I. , Rybal’chenko V. N. , Cherkasova V. G.
Published: January 2025

Resistive transition in PbTe/PbS superconducting superlattices are studied in a transverse magnetic field. It is shown that in the low-resistance region the resistive transitions are successfully described by the Arrhenius law, the magnetic field dependence of the activation energy (U∝H−1/2) being similar to that for metaloxide high-temperature compounds with Bi and Tl. Other correlations in the behavior of R(T,H) in the flux creep region of superlattices and high-Tc superconductors are also considered. The values of activation energy for the magnetic flux creep are determined for PbTe/PbS superlattices with various periods of superstructure, and the values of activation energy are compared in different layered systems. It is shown that the properties of HTS materials can be simulated by using the exotic superlattices of PbTe/PbS.
On temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of TDAE-C60
Authors: Kalita V. M. , Loktev V. M.
Published: January 2025

A model is proposed for explaining the experimentally observed change in the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of a TDAE-C60 crystal, which corresponds to the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interaction of electron spins of C60 molecules in the low- and high-temperature regions, respectively.
Critical fields of superconducting sandwiches SIS
Authors: Cherkasova V. G. , Fogel’ N. Ya. , Pokhila A. S.
Published: January 2025

The temperature and angular dependences of the critical magnetic field are studied for V/Si/V sandwiches formed by two identical metal layers separated by a semiconductor layer, as well as for various types of asymmetric sandwiches having different parameters of two superconducting plates. It is found that all thin-film sandwiches in a parallel magnetic field display a phenomenon such as dimensional crossover associated with a transition between two different two-dimensional states. The presence of such a crossover, which points towards a change in the localization of a superconducting nucleus, is confirmed by the results of measurements of angular dependence of the critical field. Differences in crossover mechanisms are discussed for symmetric and asymmetric sandwiches, as well as the peculiarities connected with the formation of a one-dimensional mixed state in the sandwich layers.
Electron-phonon interaction and electrical resistance of amorphous transition metals in the strong-coupling approximation
Authors: Shvets V. T.
Published: January 2025

The electrical conductivity of disordered transition metals is calculated by using Kubo’s theory of linear reaction and the method of Green’s retarded two-time functions. The strong-coupling approximation is used for conduction electrons, and the dynamics of the ion subsystem is taken into account simultaneously for the first time. The new structural function of the ion subsystem introduced in the theory is calculated in a wide temperature range in the model of disordered system of noninteracting oscillators. The temperature dependence of resistivity is investigated in the same temperature range. It is shown that the resistivity decreases with increasing temperature in the low-temperature range, while at high temperatures it tends to a constant value. A new mechanism for explaining Muiji correlations is proposed.
A review of 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics using Digital Holography
Authors: M Shyam Kumar , Hong Jiarong
Published: January 2025

Advanced three-dimensional (3D) tracking methods are essential for studying particle dynamics across a wide range of complex systems, including multiphase flows, environmental and atmospheric sciences, colloidal science, biological and medical research, and industrial manufacturing processes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics using Digital Holography (DH). We begin by introducing the principles of DH, accompanied by a detailed discussion on numerical reconstruction. The review then explores various hardware setups used in DH, including inline, off-axis, and dual or multiple-view configurations, outlining their advantages and limitations. We also delve into different hologram processing methods, categorized into traditional multi-step, inverse, and machine learning-based approaches, providing in-depth insights into their applications for 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics across multiple studies. The review concludes with a discussion on future prospects, emphasizing the significant role of machine learning in enabling accurate DH-based particle tracking and flow diagnostic techniques across diverse fields, such as manufacturing, environmental monitoring, and biological sciences.
Phase transitions and minimal interfaces on manifolds with conical singularities
Authors: Grieser Daniel , Held Sina , Uecker Hannes , Vertman Boris
Published: January 2025

Using Γ–convergence, we study the Cahn–Hilliard problem with interface width parameter

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>

0

for phase transitions on manifolds with conical singularities. We prove that minimizers of the corresponding energy functional exist and converge, as

ε

→

0

, to a function that takes only two values with an interface along a hypersurface that has minimal area among those satisfying a volume constraint. In a numerical example, we use continuation and bifurcation methods to study families of critical points at small

ε

>

0

on 2D elliptical cones, parameterized by height and ellipticity of the base. Some of these critical points are minimizers with interfaces crossing the cone tip. On the other hand, we prove that interfaces which are minimizers of the perimeter functional, corresponding to ɛ = 0, never pass through the cone tip for general cones with angle less than 2π. Thus tip minimizers for finite

ε

>

0

must become saddles as

ε

→

0

, and we numerically identify the associated bifurcation, finding a delicate interplay of

ε

>

0

and the cone parameters in our example.
Muon $g-2$ with $SU(2)_L$ multiplets
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

We propose a simple model to obtain sizable muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (muon $g-2$) introducing several $SU(2)_L$ multiplet fields without any additional symmetries. The neutrino mass matrix is simply induced via type-II seesaw scenario in terms of $SU(2)_L$ triplet Higgs with $U(1)_Y$ hypercharge 1. In addition, we introduce an $SU(2)_L$ quartet vector fermion with $1/2$ hypercharge and scalar with $3/2$ hypercharge. The quartet fermion plays a crucial role in explaining muon $g-2$ causing the chiral flip inside a loop diagram with mixing between triplet and quartet scalar bosons via the standard model Higgs. We show numerical analysis and search for allowed region in our parameter space, and demonstrate the collider physics.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Dual-band tunable absorber based on graphene-ITO composite metasurface
Authors: Wang Pan , Han Wenlong , Wang Qilong
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a dual-band tunable absorber based on a graphene-ITO composite metasurface, which consists of a patterned graphene sandwich structure, a cross-shaped indium tin oxide patch, a polyvinyl chloride medium, and an indium tin oxide backplane. The square resistance of graphene is dynamically controlled by DC bias, and the absorption frequency can be dynamically tuned in the C (5.78-7.44 GHz) and Ku (14.7-15.74 GHz) bands. In addition, the absorber is also flexible, transparent, and polarization-insensitive. The proposed absorber may find applications in the fields of electromagnetic interference resistance and electromagnetic pollution control.
A data-driven model for quantifying how maize yields in North-East China respond to summer climate
Authors: Cottrell Andrew , Pope Edward , Davie Jemma , Zhang Peiqun , Falloon Pete , Crocker Tom , Bradshaw Catherine , Bacon James
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate a data-driven approach that gives skilful annual predictions of province-scale maize yield across China’s Northeast Farming Region (NFR), using the June – August (JJA) mean temperature and total precipitation as predictors. Our work builds on a method used to explore climate-related risks to maize production in the USA and South Africa. The approach uses a two-dimensional Gaussian function to parametrise the relationship between the detrended maize yields and summer climate conditions, which allows for non-linear growth responses to the individual climate variables. To enable skilful annual yield predictions we extend the approach in three ways: i) testing and validating out-of-sample yield and yield shock predictions; ii) introducing partial pooling of data across the provinces to allow for systematic differences between them, resulting in more robust model parameter estimation; iii) iterative correction of biases introduced by yield detrending procedures. Maximal yields occur for mean JJA temperature 21–22 °C and total JJA rainfall 400 mm (corresponding to monthly rainfall totals of ~130 mm), which broadly agree with previous applications of similar approaches in different countries, giving confidence that the approach is robust despite inherent approximations. The model also demonstrates skilful retrospective forecasts of province area-average maize yield, giving out-of-sample Pearson correlations of ~ 0.6 (statistically significant at 99.9% level) between forecasts and observations for 1979-2016. Furthermore, including the August Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) as an extra predictor improves out-of-sample predictions for low yield events (e.g. yields at least 10% below average) associated with adverse climate conditions, as occurred in Liaoning in 2000. The extended modelling framework can provide maize yield predictions using either weather observations or seasonal climate forecasts, and offers the potential for climate services that could help manage impacts on the food system due to adverse weather conditions.
Scaling Arctic landscape and permafrost features improves active layer depth modeling
Authors: Hantson Wouter , Yang Daryl , Serbin Shawn P , Fisher Joshua B , Hayes Daniel J
Published: January 2025

Tundra ecosystems in the Arctic store up to 40% of global below-ground organic carbon but are exposed to the fastest climate warming on Earth. However, accurately monitoring landscape changes in the Arctic is challenging due to the complex interactions among permafrost, micro-topography, climate, vegetation, and disturbance. This complexity results in high spatiotemporal variability in permafrost distribution and active layer depth (ALD). Moreover, these key tundra processes interact at different scales, and an observational mismatch can limit our understanding of intrinsic connections and dynamics between above and below-ground processes. Consequently, this could limit our ability to model and anticipate how ALD will respond to climate change and disturbances across tundra ecosystems. In this paper, we studied the fine-scale heterogeneity of ALD and its connections with land surface characteristics across spatial and spectral scales using a combination of ground, unoccupied aerial system, airborne, and satellite observations. We showed that airborne sensors such as AVIRIS-NG and medium-resolution satellite Earth observation systems like Sentinel-2 can capture the average ALD at the landscape scale. We found that the best observational scale for ALD modeling is heavily influenced by the vegetation and landform patterns occurring on the landscape. Landscapes characterized by small-scale permafrost features such as polygon tussock tundra require high-resolution observations to capture the intrinsic connections between permafrost and small-scale land surface and disturbance patterns. Conversely, in landscapes dominated by water tracks and shrubs, permafrost features manifest at a larger scale and our model results indicate the best performance at medium resolution (5 m), outperforming both higher (0.4 m) and lower resolution (10 m) models. This transcends our study to show that permafrost response to climate change may vary across dominant ecosystem types, driven by different above- and below-ground connections and the scales at which these connections are happening. We thus recommend tailoring observational scales based on landforms and characteristics for modeling permafrost distribution, thereby mitigating the influences of spatial-scale mismatches and improving the understanding of vegetation and permafrost changes for the Arctic region.
Gendering Angry Fun
Authors: De Esha Niyogi
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores how gender-centric ludic acts responding to militarized violence arise from an intersection of regional bodily arts of dance and comedy with transnational physical cinema (i.e., cinema evoking corporeal experience rather than perspectival reflection). Cases in point are the funny moves executed by female dancer/fighters and gender-queering male figures in two Pakistani action heroine films directed and produced by the female star Shamim Ara: Miss Hong Kong (1979/1980) and Lady Smuggler (1987). The screen choreographies interweave Pakistani-style mujra (hereditary courtesan dance) and bhand (hereditary male comedian) moves with codes drawn from international physical cinema (American, Hong Kong, Bollywood action and comedic film). Defying militarized masculinism, the choreographies interweave anger with carnivalesque improprieties. These improprieties are sensuously juxtaposed to militarized transformations that were underway in 1980s Pakistan, a nation drawn into the anti-Soviet Afghan War through Cold War maneuvers. The rebellious fun mines survival wisdom from quotidian performing arts.
Un/funny Business in On the Town (1949)
Authors: Kraut Anthea
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the racist logic behind some of the comedy in the 1949 classic film musical On the Town. Combining feminist production studies methods with the insights of critical race studies, and reading one of the film’s early numbers, “Prehistoric Man,” alongside a triptych of nightclub scenes that occur later in the film, including the thirteen-second performance of Black jazz dancer Marie Bryant, the author interrogates the correlations between the film’s lightness and its whiteness and, concomitantly, uncovers the noir workings that both prop up and are hidden beneath its light/white surface. While these scenes’ staging of un/funny encounters between the film’s white leads and its racialized others reinforce the ideology of white supremacy, they are also sites of uncanny return and the eruption of an ambivalent form of laughter that may signal horror and humor simultaneously.
Sincerely Funny or Funny Sincerity
Authors: Wong Yutian
Published: January 2025

Using fan-made choreography inspired by the animated children’s television show Avatar: The Last Airbender as a case study, this chapter deploys humor and sincerity as a joint framework to analyze how dance plays a central role in Avatar: The Last Airbender’s anti-imperialist critique and how fans of the children’s animated television show attempt to embody the show’s progressive politics through cosplay choreography. This chapter looks at the intersections between sincerity and humor to understand how humor as a method uncovers hierarchies of “funny” as an arbiter of “smarts,” of “seriousness,” and of possessing and being able to deploy the right kind of knowledge in the right spaces in order to situate cosplay choreography as a dance-object within dance studies.
Defusing Arguments in Favour of Conscientious Objection
Authors: Giubilini Alberto , Schuklenk Udo , Minerva Francesca , Savulescu Julian
Published: January 2025

Chapter 3 examines the main arguments put forward in the literature and public discourse for a right to conscientious objection, arguing that they do not succeed. These include arguments from reasonability, compromise, human rights, toleration, diversity, integrity, and equality of opportunity. For each of them the chapter not only highlights their strength in supporting a right of freedom of conscience in society at large but also shows their limitations in supporting the same right within a specific professional context like health care. The focus in particular is on the reasonability-based argument as it appears to be the one offering the most philosophically robust defence of a fettered right to conscientious objection, but ultimately this argument is rejected.
Specific Cases
Authors: Giubilini Alberto , Schuklenk Udo , Minerva Francesca , Savulescu Julian
Published: January 2025

Chapter 4 applies the arguments made so far against a right to conscientious objection in health care to a wide range of cases in health care delivery where conscientious objection is typically put forward or might foreseeably be put forward in the future. These include ‘standard’ cases, such as abortion, medical assistance in dying, in vitro fertilization, and less common but equally controversial cases such as some instances of cosmetic surgery, sex-selection and non-invasive prenatal testing, bioenhancement, genome editing, ‘Ashley cases’, and others. For each of these, the chapter proposes that doctors’ own objections of conscience do not provide a sufficient ground for acceptable refusal to provide services, but depending on what model of professionalism is adopted among the ones discussed in previous chapters, different implications can be drawn from doctors’ right to object in each of these cases.