bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Water‐Soluble Bisphosphinite Chiral Ligands Derived from α,α‐ and β,β‐Trehalose. Application to Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Dehydroamino Acids and Their Esters in Water or an Aqueous/Organic Biphasic Medium.
Authors: Yonehara Koji , Hashizume Tomohiro , Mori Kenji , Ohe Kouichi , Uemura Sakae
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Alkylation of α‐Cyano Ketones Induced by Samarium Iodide.
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Liang , Shia Kak‐Shan , Liu Hsing‐Jang
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Resolution of α‐Acetoxyethers: A New Approach to the Synthesis of Homochiral O,O‐Acetals.
Authors: Fletcher Sarah J. , Rayner Christopher M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Enantio‐Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation Without Organic Solvents.
Authors: Francio Giancarlo , Leitner Walter
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triarylaminium Salt Induced Oxidative Cyclizations of Tertiary Amines. Convenient Access to 2‐Substituted Pyrrolidinium Salts.
Authors: Jahn Ullrich , Aussieker Susanne
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel DNA‐Intercalating Naphthopyrone Derivatives with Improved Water Solubility and Photophysical Properties.
Authors: Tao Zhi‐Fu , Fan Mingcai , Qian Xuhong
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. Part 4. Synthesis of Novel Thieno[2,3‐b:5,4‐c′]dipyridine Derivatives and Their Antiinflammatory Effect.
Authors: Baba Atsuo , Mori Akira , Yasuma Tsuneo , Unno Satoko , Makino Haruhiko , Sohda Takashi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles with Bridgehead Nitrogen: Synthesis, High Resolution NMR and Mass Spectra of 5‐Aryloxymethyltetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines (V).
Authors: Kulkarni Geetha M. , Patil Vemanna D. , Kulkarni Manohar V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Macrocyclic Ligands. Design and Synthesis of (R)‐Cysteine‐Containing Calix[4]arenes.
Authors: Hu Xubo , He Jiaqi , Chan Albert S. C. , Han Xinxin , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Naphthazarin Derivatives. Part 4. A Simple Preparative Synthesis of Mompain (II)
Authors: Malinovskaya G. V. , Chizhova A. Ya. , Anufriev V. F.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions of Allylsilanes. Part 16. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Fragranol by TiCl4 Promoted [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allyl‐tert‐butyldiphenylsilane and Methyl Methacrylate.
Authors: Knoelker Hans‐Joachim , Baum Gerhard , Schmitt Oliver , Wanzl Guenter
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylthio‐Derivatives of α‐Methylene‐γ‐lactones as Prodrugs of Cytotoxic Agents.
Authors: Fardella Giuseppe , Barbetti Paolo , Grandolini Giuliano , Chiappini Ione , Ambrogi Valeria , Scarcia Vito , Candiani Ariella Furlani
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Method for Preparing Racemic Dolichols from the Polyprenols of Pine Needles (Pinus silvestris).
Authors: Veselovsky V. V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthetic Route Towards Bastadins. Part 1. Synthesis of the Eastern Part of Bastadins 4—16 (I).
Authors: Couladouros Elias A. , Moutsos Vassilios I.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Route to Carbasugars.
Authors: Le Merrer Yves , Gravier‐Pelletier Christine , Maton William , Numa Mehdi , Depezay Jean‐Claude
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective C‐3‐O‐Acylation and O‐Alkylation of 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside Derivatives Displaying a Range of Anomeric Substituents.
Authors: Gridley Jonathan J. , Osborn Helen M. I. , Suthers William G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Preparation of Isatins and Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Convolutamydine‐A.
Authors: Jnaneshwara G. K. , Bedekar A. V. , Deshpande V. H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the ABCD‐Rings of the Insecticidal Indole Alkaloid Nodulisporic Acid.
Authors: Magnus Philip , Mansley Tamsin E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Methods for the Preparation of 2′‐Deoxyribonucleoside and Ribonucleoside 3′‐Phosphoramidites with Allylic Protectors.
Authors: Heidenhain Sophie B. , Hayakawa Yoshihiro
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 5′‐O‐Glycosylnucleosides.
Authors: Liu Z. J. , Zhou M. , Min J. M. , Zhang L. H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Approach to the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Analogues Containing Neutral 5′‐Thioformacetal Internucleoside Linkages.
Authors: Ducharme Yves , Harrison Kimberly A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Dimethylaminoalkyl Substituted Auxin Derivatives.
Authors: Bascop Sophie‐Isabelle , Laronze Jean‐Yves , Sapi Janos
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Secondary Metabolites by Chemical Screening. Part 38. Cineromycins, γ‐Butyrolactones, and Ansamycins by Analysis of the Secondary Metabolite Pattern Created by a Single Strain of Streptomyces.
Authors: Schiewe Hans‐Joerg , Zeeck Axel
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Potent Inhibitor of Fungal Melanin Biosynthesis Identified Through Combinatorial Chemistry.
Authors: Jennings Lee D. , Wawrzak Zdzislaw , Amorose Denise , Schwartz Rand S. , Jordan Douglas B.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Ions Do Accelerate the DNA Binding of New Antitumor‐Active Platinum Aminophosphate Complexes.
Authors: Bloemink Marieke J. , Diederen Jeroen J. H. , Dorenbos Jaco P. , Heetebrij Robert J. , Keppler Bernhard K. , Reedijk Jan
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of the Divalent State for the Lanthanides and Actinides in Solutions, Melts, and Clusters
Authors: Mikheev N. B. , Rumer I. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methoxy Fatty Acids in Nature
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel , Barnathan Gilles
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: What to Do While Awaiting Crystals of a Membrane Transport Protein and Thereafter
Authors: Kaback H. Ronald , Wu Jianhua
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Treatment of Wilson and Menkes Diseases
Authors: Sarkar Bibudhendra
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Based Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Shaw III C. Frank
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes as Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Louie Angelique Y. , Meade Thomas J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transferrin as a Metal Ion Mediator
Authors: Sun Hongzhe , Li Hongyan , Sadler Peter J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CSTR Reactors and Contact Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kroiss Helmut , Svardal Karl
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroanalysis with Zeolite‐ and Silica‐Modified Electrodes
Authors: Walcarius Alain
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alkali‐Metal Ion Extracted Layered Compound as a Template for a Metastable Phase Synthesis in a Low‐Temperature Solid‐State Reaction: Preparation of Brookite from K0.8Ti1.73Li0.27O4.
Authors: Ozawa Tadashi C. , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: How Are Centrosymmetric and Noncentrosymmetric Structures Achieved in Uranyl Borates?
Authors: Wang Shuao , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Stritzinger Jared T. , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Carboxylation and Mechanistic Insights: Expedient Routes to Anthranilic Acids, Oxazinones, and Quinazolinones.
Authors: Giri Ramesh , Lam Jonathan K. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of α‐Keto Esters Catalyzed by the [Ru(phgly)2(binap)]‐C6H5OLi System.
Authors: Kurono Nobuhito , Uemura Masato , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Haloderivatives of Benzo[f]quinoline and 4,7‐Phenanthroline.
Authors: Kozlov N. G. , Gusak K. N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Intramolecular Cyclization of γ‐Allylbenzamide via π‐Allylpalladium Complex Catalyzed by Pd(0).
Authors: Pham Van‐Thoai , Joo Jae‐Eun , Lee Kee‐Young , Kim Tai‐Won , Mu Yu , Ham Won‐Hun
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, in vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluations of New α‐Hydroxyphosphonate and New α‐Acetoxyphosphonate Derivatives of Tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoline.
Authors: Kategaonkar Amol H. , Pokalwar Rajkumar U. , Sonar Swapnil S. , Gawali Vaibhav U. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The antitumor activity of NK012, an SN‐38–incorporating micelle, in combination with bevacizumab against lung cancer xenografts
Authors: Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Yasunaga Masahiro , Goto Koichi , Nagano Tatsuya , Kuroda Jun‐ichiro , Koga Yoshikatsu , Takahashi Amane , Nishiwaki Yutaka , Matsumura Yasuhiro
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

It has been demonstrated that NK012, a novel 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN‐38)‐incorporating polymeric micelle, exerts significantly more potent antitumor activity against various human tumor xenografts than irinotecan (CPT‐11) (a water‐soluble prodrug of SN‐38). Combination therapy of anticancer agents with bevacizumab (Bv), an anti‐vascualr endothelial growth factor humanized monoclonal antibody, has more potently inhibited tumor growth than either agent alone. In the current study, the authors examined the antitumor effect of NK012 in combination with Bv against human lung cancer.

METHODS:

Nude mice bearing lung adenocarcinoma (PC‐14 or A549 xenografts) were administered NK012 at SN‐38‐equivalent doses of 5 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg in combination with or without Bv at 5 mg/kg. CPT‐11 at a dose of 66.7 mg/kg was administered with or without Bv at a dose of 5 mg/kg in the same experimental model. To evaluate interaction with Bv, the pharmacokinetics and microvessel density in tumors that were treated on each regimen were analyzed.

RESULT:

In vitro, the growth‐inhibitory effect of NK012 was 50‐fold more potent than that of CPT‐11 and was almost equivalent to that of SN‐38. In vivo studies revealed that the combination of NK012 plus Bv had significantly greater antitumor activity against human lung cancer xenografts compared with NK012 alone (PC‐14, P = .0261; A549, P < .001). The pharmacokinetic profile of NK012 revealed that coadministration of Bv did not interfere with the accumulation of NK012.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, significant antitumor activity was noted with NK012 in combination with Bv against lung cancer cells. The current results warrant the clinical evaluation of NK012 in lung cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Understanding social obstacles to early breast cancer detection is critical to improving breast cancer outcome in low‐ and middle‐resource countries
Authors: Anderson Benjamin O.
Published: June 2010

In low‐ and middle‐resource countries worsened cancer survival is attributable largely to late‐stage presentation, which leads to particularly poor outcome when coupled with limited diagnostic and treatment capacity. The identification of social obstacles linked to public awareness programs educating women that breast cancer outcomes are improved through early detection is critical to broadening participation in early detection programs.
A multiplexed, particle‐based flow cytometric assay identified plasma matrix metalloproteinase‐7 to be associated with cancer‐related death among patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Svatek Robert S. , Shah Jay B. , Xing Jinliang , Chang David , Lin Jie , McConkey David J. , Wu Xifeng , Dinney Colin P.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

The current study was conducted to demonstrate the utility of a multiplexed, particle‐based flow cytometric assay for the simultaneous analysis of a panel of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) using small volumes of plasma samples from patients with bladder cancer. In addition, the authors attempted to test the hypothesis that plasma levels of MMPs are associated with time to cancer‐related death.

METHODS:

Plasma MMP concentrations (MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐7, ‐8, ‐9, and ‐12) in 135 patients presenting with high‐grade ≥T1 bladder cancer were measured. Data regarding clinical and pathologic features was ascertained in a retrospective fashion.

RESULTS:

The median duration of follow‐up was 30.4 months. At the time of analysis, 61 patients had died, including 45 (33.3%) who died of bladder cancer. Plasma MMP‐12 was not measurable. For all other MMPs, the intra‐assay coefficient of variation varied from 6.12% to 9.82%. MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 were not found to be significantly associated with time to cancer‐related death. Plasma MMP‐7 levels were significantly associated with time to cancer‐related death after adjustment for competing clinical and pathologic features (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.1‐4.5 [P= .022]). The 5‐year median cancer‐specific survival rates for those patients with MMP‐7 levels above and below the median value (300 pg/mL) were 73.6% (95% CI, 60.0‐83.2%) and 48.0% (95% CI, 32.5‐61.9%), respectively (P= .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Multiplexed, particle‐based flow cytometric assay allows for the high‐throughput measurement of multiple plasma or serum proteins simultaneously. By using this new technology in a cohort of patients with bladder cancer, plasma levels of MMP‐7 were identified as being significantly associated with time to cancer‐related death Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Fine needle aspiration of breast masses in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Michelow Pam , Dezube Bruce J , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

There are limited studies investigating the cytopathology of HIV‐related breast disease. The aim of the current study was to evaluate a large series of fine needle aspirations (FNA) performed on breast lesions in HIV‐positive patients.

METHODS:

A retrospective review at the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) in Johannesburg, South Africa, was performed on confirmed HIV‐positive patients who underwent breast FNA. Cases were evaluated for patient age and sex, presence of a clinical breast lesion, antiretroviral therapy use, specimen adequacy, and cytologic diagnosis.

RESULTS:

A total of 152 breast FNA procedures were recorded in patients of average age 36 years (range, 10‐64 years). Cytologic findings in 100 females patients included 28 inadequate aspirates, 29 cases with a benign diagnosis, 25 abscesses, 3 with reactive intramammary lymphadenopathy, 3 with fat necrosis, 1 galactocele, 1 papillary lesion, 8 breast carcinomas, and 2 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Fifty‐two males underwent breast FNA, of which 6 were inadequate, and 43 (82.7%) showed gynecomastia. In 17 (40%) males with gynecomastia, a history of antiretroviral therapy was recorded. Two males were diagnosed with breast abscess and 1 with Kaposi sarcoma. Microbiology culture revealed 7 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in this patient population.

CONCLUSIONS:

FNA is a procedure to evaluate breast lesions and is capable of rendering results useful for a broad range of diagnoses likely to be encountered in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive population. Unlike HIV‐infected females who may present with a wide range of benign and neoplastic breast entities, HIV‐positive males may have breast lesions that will most likely be attributed to gynecomastia associated with antiretroviral therapy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Utility of paired box gene 8 (PAX8) expression in fluid and fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: McKnight Ryan , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin T.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Metastases from ovarian neoplasms are commonly encountered in peritoneal fluids. In addition, reactive mesothelial cells in effusion specimens can mimic ovarian serous carcinoma, making the diagnosis difficult. Calretinin has been recognized as a reliable immunohistochemical marker for mesothelial cells, whereas WT1 has proven useful in the diagnosis of ovarian serous carcinoma. This can present a diagnostic pitfall in effusion cytology, because mesothelial cells can demonstrate immunoreactivity for WT1. Recently, paired box gene 8 (PAX8) has been used in distinguishing ovarian from mammary carcinoma. To the authors' knowledge, no studies using PAX8 have been performed on peritoneal cytology specimens to date, and its expression in metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma has not been studied.

METHODS:

These markers, along with BerEP4 and MOC‐31, were evaluated in cytology cell block preparations from 30 fluid cytology specimens and 11 fine‐needle aspiration specimens.

RESULTS:

PAX8 was found to be positive in 37 of 41 (90%) ovarian carcinoma cases studied, and was a sensitive (90%) and specific (100%) marker for the detection of metastatic ovarian carcinoma. In addition, calretinin was found to be useful for identifying mesothelial cells in fluid cytology. Furthermore, although PAX8 and WT1 have demonstrated comparable sensitivity (90% and 93%, respectively) in diagnosing metastatic ovarian carcinoma, PAX8 appears to have superior specificity because staining is not observed in mesothelial cells. BerEP4 and MOC‐31 were found to have a lower sensitivity and specificity compared with PAX8.

CONCLUSIONS:

PAX8‐positive, calretinin‐negative staining appears to be highly specific and sensitive for detecting metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma in cytologic preparations and can be useful in distinguishing it from mesothelial cells in fluid cytology. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Flexible Magnetic Nanoparticles–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes Formed by Self‐Assembly in Solution
Authors: Zhu Guoxing , Liu Yuanjun , Xu Zheng , Jiang Tian , Zhang Chi , Li Xun , Qi Gang
Published: June 2010

A facile and robust route for the pre‐synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) exclusively assembled on both sides of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets with tunable density forming two‐dimensional NPs composite membranes is developed in solution. The assembly is driven by electrostatic attraction, and the nanocomposite sheets display considerable mechanical robustness, such as it can sustain supersonic and solvothermal treatments without NPs falling off, also, can freely float in solution and curl into a tube. The obtained two‐dimensional composite grain membranes exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature but responds astutely to an external magnetic field. In addition, these magnetic composite membranes show an enhanced absorption capability for microwaves. The grain sheets are attractive for biomedical, sensors, environmental applications and electric‐magnetic devices benefited from large surfaces, high magnetization moment, and superparamagnetic properties. The effective integration of oxide nanocrystals on RGO sheets provides a new way to design semiconductor–carbon nanocomposites for nanodevices or catalytic applications.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Gadolinium Aluminate using Gd(iPrCp)3, TMA, and O3 or H2O
Authors: Adelmann Christoph , Pierreux Dieter , Swerts Johan , Dewulf Daan , Hardy An , Tielens Hilde , Franquet Alexis , Brijs Bert , Moussa Alain , Conard Thierry , Van Bael Marlies K. , Maes Jan W. , Jurczak Malgorzata , Kittl Jorge A. , Van Elshocht Sven
Published: June 2010

For future generations of non‐volatile memory applications, the replacement of the interpoly dielectric by a suitable high‐κ material is required. Rare‐earth aluminates are potential candidates because they are predicted to combine a high dielectric permittivity with a large band gap. We demonstrate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of GdxAl2‐xO3 layers using Gd(iPrCp)3, trimethyl‐aluminum (TMA), and H2O or O3. Process windows for both H2O and O3 as oxidants are explored. H2O is shown to lead to better GdxAl2‐xO3 film properties than O3, although the accessible composition range is limited because of the hygroscopic nature of Gd2O3.
Comparison of xanthine oxidase‐inhibiting and free radical‐scavenging activities between plant adaptogens of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Rhodiola rosea
Authors: Horng Chi‐Ting , Liu I‐Min , Kuo Daih‐Huang , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Shieh Pochuen
Published: June 2010

The present study employed 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging and xanthine–xanthine oxidase (XO) assays to compare the antioxidant capacity between two plant adaptogens, Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae) and Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae). The IC50 value for XO activity for Rhodiola was 355.4 µg/ml, while that for Eleutherococcus was >1,000 µg/ml. Eleutherococcus inhibited DPPH generation by 58.3±2.8% at 1,000 µg/ml, whereas Rhodiola inhibited DPPH radical by 91.1±2.6% at the same concentration. The results suggested that Rhodiola inhibited not only XO but also served as a potent radical scavenger. Rhodiola has potential as a natural source of antioxidants. Drug Dev Res 71:249–252, 2010.  © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of electrode thickness for reducing ozone generation in electrostatic precipitator
Authors: Yasumoto Koji , Zukeran Akinori , Takagi Yasuhiro , Ehara Yoshiyasu , Takahashi Takeo , Yamamoto Toshiaki
Published: June 2010

The influence of electrode thickness on ozone generation in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was experimentally investigated. The experimental ESP was a two‐stage‐type consisting of a precharger followed by the collecting section. The precharger consisted of high‐voltage electrodes and grounded electrodes. The thickness of the high‐voltage electrodes was selected as 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mm and that of the grounded electrodes was 1.0 mm. The collecting electrode section had a parallel‐plate configuration. The gases emitted from the diesel engine were diluted with air and introduced into the ESP in order to measure the particle counts. In the present study, the electric field distribution was calculated using the “Ansys” software. The relationship between ozone generation and collection efficiency was investigated. The ozone concentration was found to decrease with decreasing electrode thickness, while the same collection efficiency was maintained. This result was attributed to a decrease in the dissociation area of O2in the vicinity of the electrodes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 24–31, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10291
Thermopeaking in Alpine streams: event characterization and time scales
Authors: Zolezzi Guido , Siviglia Annunziato , Toffolon Marco , Maiolini Bruno
Published: June 2010

The present study provides a detailed quantification of the ‘thermopeaking’ phenomenon, which consists of sharp intermittent alterations of stream thermal regime associated with hydropeaking releases from hydroelectricity plants. The study refers to the Noce River (Northern Italy), a typical hydropower‐regulated Alpine stream, where water stored in high‐altitude reservoirs often has a different temperature compared with the receiving bodies. The analysis is based on a river water temperature dataset that has been continuously collected for 1 year at 30‐min intervals in four different sections along the Noce River. A suitable threshold‐based procedure is developed to quantify the main characteristics of thermopeaking, which is responsible for thermal alterations at different scales. The application of Wavelet Transform allows to separately investigate the thermal regime alterations at sub‐daily, daily and weekly scales. Moreover, at a seasonal scale, patterns of ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ thermopeaking can be clearly detected and quantified. The study highlights the relevance of investigating a variety of short‐term alterations at multiple time scales for a better quantitative understanding of the complexity that characterizes the river thermal regime. The outcomes of the analysis raise important interdisciplinary research questions concerning the effects of thermopeaking and of the related short‐ and medium‐term effects on biological communities, which have been rather poorly investigated in ecological studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IEF pattern classification‐derived criteria for the identification of epoetin‐δ in urine
Authors: Lamon Séverine , Boccard Julien , Sottas Pierre‐Edouard , Glatz Nicolas , Wuerzner Grégoire , Robinson Neil , Saugy Martial
Published: June 2010

Epoetin‐δ (Dynepo™ Shire Pharmaceuticals, Basing stoke, UK) is a synthetic form of erythropoietin (EPO) whose resemblance with endogenous EPO makes it hard to identify using the classical identification criteria. Urine samples collected from six healthy volunteers treated with epoetin‐δ injections and from a control population were immuno‐purified and analyzed with the usual IEF method. On the basis of the EPO profiles integration, a linear multivariate model was computed for discriminant analysis. For each sample, a pattern classification algorithm returned a bands distribution and intensity score (bands intensity score) saying how representative this sample is of one of the two classes, positive or negative. Effort profiles were also integrated in the model. The method yielded a good sensitivity versus specificity relation and was used to determine the detection window of the molecule following multiple injections. The bands intensity score, which can be generalized to epoetin‐α and epoetin‐β, is proposed as an alternative criterion and a supplementary evidence for the identification of EPO abuse.
The use of capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for monitoring of glycerol in adipose tissues during a sporting performance
Authors: Tůma Petr , Málková Klára , Wedellová Zuzana , Samcová Eva , Štulík Karel
Published: June 2010

A CE procedure employing capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection has been developed for direct determination of the glycerol and mannitol polyalcohols in biological and pharmacological samples. Both glycerol and mannitol are fully separated from the sample matrix within very short times of 3.0 and 3.9 min, respectively, when using the optimized BGE, 60 mM H3BO3+30 mM LiOH (pH 9.1). The LODs amount to 0.5 μM for glycerol and 0.3 μM for mannitol. The repeatability of the glycerol determination in real biological materials is characterized by the coefficient of variation values, 0.5 and 3.2%, for the migration time and the peak area, respectively. The procedure has been used to monitor the free glycerol concentration in adipose tissue microdialyzates. A physiological study has demonstrated that the lipolysis occurring during a sporting action can be stimulated by local application of adrenaline. The procedure has further been utilized to determine mannitol in a pharmacological preparation.
Impact of exposure to pro‐eating disorder websites on eating behaviour in college women
Authors: Jett Scarlett , LaPorte David J. , Wanchisn Jill
Published: June 2010

Objective

To assess whether exposure to pro‐eating disorder (pro‐ED) websites influences college women's eating behaviours.

Method

Female college students with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 18 and no history of an ED were exposed to either pro‐ED websites, healthy/exercise websites or tourist websites for 1.5 hours and were given quantitative and qualitative measures designed to assess changes in eating behaviour.

Results

The pro‐ED website group experienced a significant one‐week decrease in caloric intake from pre‐ to post‐exposure (12 167 calories vs. 9697 calories). Following exposure, participants reported using techniques on the websites to aid with food reduction and had strong emotional reactions to the websites. These changes persisted for 3 weeks following the study's end.

Discussion

Even modest exposure to pro‐ED websites may encourage significant changes in caloric intake and increased disordered eating behaviours. By extension, even greater exposures to these websites by at‐risk females may contribute to the development of EDs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Shear strength of compacted soil: effects on splash erosion by single water drops
Authors: Mouzai L. , Bouhadef M.
Published: June 2010

The persistence of soil compaction, caused by farmers' vehicles (tractors wheelings) during the dry season, can affect splash distribution and soil erosion so that surface flow starts at an earlier stage than between the wheelings. To investigate the effects of soil compaction on splash distribution, a dry clayey agricultural soil was compacted in steel cups with a hydraulic piston, and the shear strength was measured with a fall‐cone penetrometer. Two cups were compacted in the same manner, using one to measure the shear strength and the second for splash erosion measurements. A laboratory splash board of 1 m radius, divided into 13 concentric compartments, was used to collect the splashed particles. The water drop diameter used was 4·9 mm falling onto a soil splash cup of 50·2 cm2 area from 8 m height with a terminal velocity of 8·8 m s−1.

The spatial distribution of the splashed particles, for different soil compactions, fitted the fundamental splash distribution function (FSDF) model better than the exponential function. The shapes of the curves of this function demonstrated the importance of the source area size; the smaller the cup diameter the better the spatial distribution is expressed by an exponential function. In addition, variability in soil surface conditions contributes to variation in splash characteristics. Detachment rates and average radial distance followed second degree relationships in terms of shear strength. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint EM channel and covariance estimation with sufficient‐statistic chip combining for a SIMO MC‐CDMA anti‐jam system
Authors: Galib Asadullah M. M. , Stüber Gordon L.
Published: June 2010

Joint iterative channel and covariance estimation with sufficient‐statistic‐based chip combining is studied for the downlink of a multicarrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) system operating under partial‐band noise jamming (PBNJ). To estimate the channel and AWGN‐plus‐PBNJ covariance, we apply the expectation‐maximisation (EM) algorithm which exploits the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) from the decoder. The proposed chip combiner guarantees no loss of information in the soft output generated by the demapper. In our approach, the channel estimator or the chip combiner only requires the AWGN‐plus‐PBNJ power of each subcarrier to suppress jamming. Therefore, significant complexity reduction is achieved because the receiver does not need to estimate the jammer state information (JSI) and individual variances of the AWGN and PBNJ on each subcarrier for chip combining. Simulation results show that the sufficient‐statistic chip combiner always offers a smaller bit error rate (BER) than the minimum mean square error (MMSE) chip combiner provided that reliable estimates of the channel impulse response and noise‐plus‐jamming covariance are available. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charcoal as evidence of palaeo‐wildfires in the Late Triassic of SW Germany
Authors: Uhl Dieter , Montenari Michael
Published: June 2010

So far only very few reports deal with Triassic (especially macro‐ or mesofossil) charcoal in detail. Here we present the first results of a detailed study of fossil charcoal from Late Triassic sandstones of the Tübingen Sandstein (Exter‐Formation, Rhaetian) in the vicinity of Tübingen in SW Germany. The discovery of charcoal at this locality can be regarded as direct evidence of wildfires in the hinterland of the Rhaetian sea and all charcoal fragments studied so far represent gymnosperm woods. At the moment nothing can be stated about the frequency and extent of such fires, although the occurrence of charcoal in different sandstone‐bodies points to more than one fire event. The charcoal content of the marginal marine deposit probably represents a larger region and not only the vegetation in the direct vicinity of the shore. A considerable amount of transport is indicated by abrasion of some of the charcoal fragments and the taphonomic sorting, leading to the selected accumulation of woody fragments. Some charcoal fragments are permineralized by goethite and we assume that in this case the goethite is the primary permineralization agent. Our data support the assumption that during the Late Triassic atmospheric oxygen concentrations were high enough to sustain larger wildfires. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained principal component analysis reveals functionally connected load‐dependent networks involved in multiple stages of working memory
Authors: Metzak Paul , Feredoes Eva , Takane Yoshio , Wang Liang , Weinstein Sara , Cairo Tara , Ngan Elton T.C. , Woodward Todd S.
Published: June 2010

Constrained principal component analysis (CPCA) with a finite impulse response (FIR) basis set was used to reveal functionally connected networks and their temporal progression over a multistage verbal working memory trial in which memory load was varied. Four components were extracted, and all showed statistically significant sensitivity to the memory load manipulation. Additionally, two of the four components sustained this peak activity, both for approximately 3 s (Components 1 and 4). The functional networks that showed sustained activity were characterized by increased activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and left supramarginal gyrus, and decreased activations in the primary auditory cortex and “default network” regions. The functional networks that did not show sustained activity were instead dominated by increased activation in occipital cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, sensori‐motor cortical regions, and superior parietal cortex. The response shapes suggest that although all four components appear to be invoked at encoding, the two sustained‐peak components are likely to be additionally involved in the delay period. Our investigation provides a unique view of the contributions made by a network of brain regions over the course of a multiple‐stage working memory trial. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Framing issues of international education
Authors: Tubbeh Leila , Williams Jobila
Published: June 2010

A key step in the partnership process with cross‐border coalitions involves addressing contradictory dynamics and creating a shared sense of understanding.
Faculty perspectives on international education: The nested realities of faculty collaborations
Authors: Cooper Joanne , Mitsunaga Rikki
Published: June 2010

This chapter examines the incentives and challenges faculty are facing as they become involved in international collaborations at the program, course, and individual level.
Strategies for planning for the future
Authors: Holly L. Neal
Published: June 2010

This chapter describes strategies that college leaders and faculty can use to develop international collaborations, questions that partners should consider prior to engaging in collaboration, and ways to avoid problems further into the process.