bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Art History of China Useless in a Pandemic?
Authors: Schöneweiß Feng He
Published: January 2021

The study of Chinese art has long been a specialised field bridging the disciplines of art history and Chinese studies. This essay challenges, as always in a real-life crisis, the usefulness of art history of China in the current Covid-19 pandemic. The agency of art historians is put under the historiographical grill. Through two brief case studies, the essay argues that art historians, though as mortal and fragile, are actually professionally equipped to strike the core consequences of the pandemic in its social, political, and cultural aspects.
The Role of Competing Narratives in China and the West’s Response to Covid-19
Authors: Ogden Chris
Published: January 2021

The geopolitical battle to shape the Covid-19 narrative has significant implications for national understandings and foreign policy debates about China. Writing from an International Relations perspective, the author argues that analysing and tracing these narratives will help to enhance our understanding of China’s contemporary rise, the longer-term implications that the current pandemic will have upon its foreign policy, and nature of international affairs more broadly.
East Asian Law-making in the Time of Covid-19: Through the Lens of Chinese Legalism
Authors: Huang Ying-Syuan , Hioe Brian Chee-Shing
Published: January 2021

The authors answer the question why law played a key role in shaping East Asian responses to Covid-19. The paper elucidates the collaborative state-society relationships in Taiwan through the lens of Chinese Legalism. They argue that the Legalist legacy of conceptualising law has played an important role in shaping East Asian styles of governance and policy implications for common good and that understanding Chinese Legalism allows for critical and differentiated analyses of state control as it is present in the current pandemic.
Open Access Articles and Position Papers
Authors: Wielander Gerda
Published: January 2021

In addition to an overview of the issue, this article is a reminder that we are fully open access, free of charge, double-blind peer reviewed, and offer well-above-average editorial support, especially for early-career researchers. All of the editorial team work in a voluntary capacity. We are committed to finding alternative models of publishing, to reclaim the project of Open Access and key it to a different register of shared creativity and responsibility and work towards a more accessible, ethical, transparent, and creative form of scholarly communication.
Zen and the “Image” in Tang Poetry
Authors: Barrett Tim
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the title of this piece is to suggest that behind the bland exterior of the average medieval Chinese poem (at least in English translation) there may lurk processes of composition entirely unsuspected by the modern reader, aspects of the Tang poem that might repay greater study. This approach, namely meditation as a method of creative inspiration, was far from universal in the poetry of the Tang period, since it seems to have arisen within specific historical circumstances, and though references to it remained and were handed down to later ages in widely read works, it is at present unclear how actively it was practised in later times. However, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that an interest in poetic imagery remained strong in East Asia, raising the possibility that it was this aspect of poetic practice there caught the attention of English language poets in the United Kingdom at the start of the twentieth century as they cast about for new models to replace the poetry of Victorian times. The hope is that drawing attention to this approach to poetic inspiration in this essay may serve as a challenge to the current lack of interest in Chinese poetry translation in the United Kingdom.
We are pleased to start 2018 with a new issue of our journal.
Authors: Wielander Gerda , Dauncey Sarah
Published: January 2021

We are pleased to start 2018 with a new issue of our journal. From now on we will be publishing twice per year, making this the first issue of the eighth volume, and marking a slight shift in the way we number the journal to reflect its now regular, biannual character.

 The journal aims to publish the best research in Chinese Studies—a term that may not necessarily reflect the institutional or disciplinary affiliations of our authors. Research in Chinese Studies can address a wide variety of topics and timeframes; it can also employ a wealth of different methodologies. What qualifies something as Chinese Studies research is the centrality of Chinese-language sources, be they written documents, interviews, or images. The new issue presents excellent examples of the diversity of Chinese Studies in the UK.
The Favourable Partner: An Analysis of Lianhe Zaobao’s Representation of China in Southeast Asia
Authors: Hammond Daniel R.
Published: January 2021

Singapore has, since its founding, had a critical role regarding Southeast Asia’s interaction with China. The city-state has acted as both an enthusiastic promoter of closer ties with China and also as one of the prominent supporters of a hedging strategy regarding the involvement of extra-regional powers in Southeast Asia. To date there has not been any substantial analysis of how China and Southeast Asia are represented in the local media. Given the ongoing significance of news media as a means to communicate ideas and agendas, to both online and offline audiences, this gap is notable. This article will contribute some initial findings based on an analysis of articles related to China and Southeast Asia in the Lianhe zaobao newspaper. Sino-Singaporean relations are presented in a positive sense regardless of whether the focus is economic, political, or social; in contrast, when discussing China and Southeast Asia as a region, issues of insecurity and other negative aspects become more prominent. This suggests that, while the Singaporean media reports China in a positive light regarding bilateral relations, there is a clear willingness to raise awareness of the broader regional challenges of China’s rise. It plays the dual role of both friend and critic.

At time of publication, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.
Free Trade, Yes; Ideology, Not So Much: The UK’s Shifting China Policy 2010-16
Authors: Brown Scott A. W.
Published: January 2021

Fox and Godement’s (2009) Power Audit of EU-China Relations grouped the EU’s member states into four categories based on their national approaches to relations with, as well as their preferences for, the EU’s policies towards China. In this typology, the UK, at the time governed by New Labour, was deigned an “Ideological Free Trader”—seeking to facilitate greater free trade while continuing to assert its ideological position, namely in the areas of democracy and human rights. Since the Conservative Party took the reins of power in 2010 (in coalition with the Liberal Democrats until 2015), China’s prominence on the UK’s foreign policy agenda has arguably increased. This paper examines the direction of the UK’s China policy since 2010, and asks whether the label “Ideological Free Trader” remains applicable. Through qualitative analysis of the evolving policy approach, it argues that while early policy stances appeared consistent with the descriptor, the emphasis on free trade has grown considerably whilst the normative (ideological) dimension has diminished. Consequently, the UK should be redefined as an “Accommodating Free Trader” (an amalgamation of two of Fox and Godement’s original groups—“Accommodating Mercantilist” and “Ideological Free Trader”).

At time of publication, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.

Picture credit: Georgina Coupe
Chun-yi Lee (2012). Taiwanese Business or Chinese Security Asset? A Changing Pattern of Interaction between Taiwanese Businesses and Chinese Governments.
Authors: Brown Kerry
Published: January 2021

Investment is often more than merely about simple movements of capital and seeking for financial gain. For the People’s Republic of China it has been linked to issues like acquiring badly needed know-how and technology, or supporting diplomatic or soft power strategies. Investment and hosting of business from the Republic of China (Taiwan) carries with it a whole host of implications. Forbidden in the era of martial law under the KMT, in the late 1980s and into the 1990s these restrictions were relaxed. What had been a mere trickle in the era just after reform and opening up, started in the mainland in 1978, had become a floodgate by the time the People’s Republic joined the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001.
Lawton Robert Burns and Gordon G. Liu (eds.) (2017).
Authors: Eskelinen Pia
Published: January 2021

Lawton Robert Burns and Gordon G. Liu’s edited book China’s Healthcare System and Reform aims to make sense of one of the biggest healthcare systems in the world. At first glance, the scope of the book’s theme appears alarmingly broad. However, the collection of expert essays constructs a comprehensive analysis of the development of the Chinese healthcare system and its reforms. All contributors are professionals in their own fields, and it is a breath of fresh air to collect their expertise into one comprehensive package.
Steve Lau and John De Lucy (eds.) (2017). Chinese Labour Corps
Authors: Barclay Craig , Barclay Rachel
Published: January 2021

This new work, published in English, French and Mandarin, draws upon recently-discovered photographic evidence to cast a fresh light upon the work and role of the Chinese Labour Corps (CLC) on the Western Front during the First World War. At its core lie the photographs taken by William James Hawkings in China and France between 1917 and 1919 and rediscovered by his grandson, John De Lucy, in 2014. These images formed the core of A Good Reputation Endures Forever—the first UK exhibition to focus exclusively on the volunteers of the CLC—and now, thanks to the efforts of John De Lucy and Steve Lau, highlights from the collection are available to a wider audience.
We are very pleased to bring you..
Authors: Wielander Gerda , Dauncey Sarah
Published: January 2021

We are very pleased to bring you issue 8.2 of JBACS. In this issue, four research articles are complemented by two thought-provoking essays and a selection of book reviews, once again demonstrating the wonderful variety and breadth of research undertaken under the broad umbrella of Chinese studies in the UK.
Working in No Man’s Land: Between Sociology and Chinese Studies
Authors: Stockman Norman
Published: January 2021

Preview:  Having worked for my whole career in a department of sociology, and for the second half of that career primarily on aspects of Chinese society, I have continually reflected on the questions of what relationships there might be between sociology and Chinese studies, and how the study of Chinese society might relate to general theorising in sociology. I always thought of my own undergraduate course on Chinese society not just as an analysis of a specific society but as an exploration of the applicability (or otherwise) of sociological theories and concepts to a society other than those where sociological theory originally developed, but I discovered that this view was not widely accepted among my colleagues in sociology.
Kristin Stapleton (2016). Fact in Fiction: 1920s China and Ba Jin’s Family.
Authors: Torrance Ronald
Published: January 2021

There are few resources amongst contemporary Chinese literary criticism that manage to weave such insightful literary readings and incisive historical research as Kristin Stapleton’s Fact in Fiction: 1920s China and Ba Jin’s Family. The book accomplishes three feats, as set out by Stapleton in her introductory chapter, simultaneously incorporating a history of twentieth-century Chengdu (and its relevance to the developments in China during this period, more broadly) alongside the author’s biography of Ba Jin’s formative years in the city and the historiographical context of his novel Family. Such an undertaking by a less skilled author would have, perhaps, produced a work which simplifies the rich historical underpinnings of Ba Jin’s Family to supplementary readings of the novel, coupled with incidental evidence of the political and social machinations of the city in which its author grew up. Not so under Stapleton’s careful guidance. By reading the social and economic development of early twentieth-century Chengdu as much as its fictional counterpart in Ba Jin’s Turbulent Stream trilogy, Stapleton provides a perceptive reading of Family which invites the reader to consider how fiction can enrich and enliven our understanding of history.
Mainstream Film Production in a Country on the Cusp of Change
Authors: Ward Julian
Published: January 2021

In June 1984, the journal Dianying pingjie (Film Criticism) published a short article titled “An Open letter to the August First Film Studio”, written by an army officer called Xu Gewei, in which he described The Colourful Night, The Last Military Salute and Star of the Battleground, three of the studio’s recent productions, as mediocre, inept and crudely made. This paper will look at the three films in the context of the early 1980s, a period in the history of filmmaking in Communist China, which, in spite of being critical for the subsequent development of the Chinese film industry, still receives comparatively little attention. The paper will show how, although the films rely for the most part on out-moded techniques and narrative forms, there are moments that display an interest in new film techniques and reveal an understanding of the evolving world of China in the early 1980s.

At time of publication of this article, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.
We are pleased to present issue 9.1.
Authors: Wielander Gerda , Inwood Heather
Published: January 2021

This issue focuses on Chinese female (academic) identities in a variety of different contexts, starting with a thought-provoking essay by Yan Wu (Swansea University) on the experience of being a Chinese female academic in the UK.
Where to Belong? The Intersectionality of Discrimination Faced by Chinese Female Academics
Authors: Wu Yan
Published: January 2021

When web forums first emerged in China in the 1990s, an internet satire concerning women holding higher education credentials went viral almost overnight within online communities. This satire compared women holding higher education degrees to the three female prototypes in Louis Cha Jing- yong’s (Jin Yong 金庸) martial arts and chivalry (wuxia 武侠) novels.
Portrayals of the Chinese Être Particulières: Intellectual Women and Their Dilemmas in the Chinese Popular Context Since 2000
Authors: Li Meng
Published: January 2021

This article studies the tension between post-Mao Chinese intellectual women and their dilemma in post-2000s Chinese popular media. TV dramas, films, songs and reality shows in which Chinese intellectual women and their dilemmas are identified, mis/represented, mis/understood and addressed are the research objects of this article. By foregrounding the two motifs of estrangement and escape in understanding and characterising post-Mao Chinese intellectual women, the article seeks to answer the following questions: In what ways are well-educated Chinese women consistently stigmatised under the unsympathetic limelight of the public? And for what reason are Chinese intellectual women identified as the être particulières in the popular context?

At time of publication, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.
Dressing Up, Dressing Down! Situating Identities and Negotiating Otherness Through the Bodies of British Chinese Women
Authors: Kwan Denise
Published: January 2021

This paper will examine the ways in which the practices of dressing and adornment are employed to manage the otherness experienced by second generation British Chinese women. In amongst the lack of social representation in the wider British imagination, the objects of dress and adorn- ment chosen by the women enables them to negotiate their visibility. As such, the negotiation of power is not an abstracted struggle within the mind, rather I propose that the struggle of power manifests as a material strategy through dressing. Drawing on creative ethnographic fieldwork, the women narrate their experiences through materiality to create personal artworks, which offers an insight into the affective dimension of their personal embodiment. As a creative ethnographic methodology with a focus on material practices, this research demonstrates the enriched insights of such qualitative and experimental research methods to emphasise the sig- nificance of everyday actions and objects in the negotiation of power in the formation of ethnic women’s identities.

At time of publication, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.
Re-launch as British Journal of Chinese Studies
Authors: Wielander Gerda , Inwood Heather
Published: January 2021

Publication of issue 9.2 is an important moment for the journal, which launches with a new name on a new platform. Here, the editors explain the role of the journal as fully open access, academic journal promoting Chinese studies in the UK and beyond.
Aestheticism versus Utilitarianism: The Reception of the “Tragic” in 1930s Chinese Literary Discourse
Authors: Gu Tian
Published: January 2021

This study examines the construction of the Chinese literary discourse on tragedy in the 1930s, when the intertwining connections between literature and politics left a noticeable influence on the Chinese understanding of the concept. It approaches the subject from three angles: first, it reviews both theoretical discussions of the concept of tragedy and the literary practice of the tragic, exploring possible factors that have either promoted or prevented the application of theory to practice. Second, it traces the changing relationship between pragmatic and aesthetic perspectives during the formation of the Chinese intellectual discourse on tragedy, analysing its relevance to the inextricable link between literature and politics in the 1930s. Thirdly, it investigates the differences between the Chinese perception of tragedy and its foreign origins, presenting the constant interplay among several cultural, social, and political elements that affected the establishment of the 1930s Chinese tragic tradition. In doing so, this study demonstrates the particular features of the Chinese perception of the tragic in the 1930s, as well as the decisive role that socio-political factors played in manipulating the intellectual practices at the time.
Bad Citizens and Symbolic Subjects: Wang Jin, Zhou Tiehai, and the Art of (In)Civility
Authors: Holmes Ros
Published: January 2021

This article illuminates the relationship between contemporary art and visual representations of civility in postsocialist China. Focusing on a close visual analysis of two works of art: Wang Jin’s Ice-96 Central Plain (1996) and Zhou Tiehai’s Fake Cover (1996), it examines how artists sought to reject the binary terms with which civility is commonly constructed: between model and shameful forms of deportment, good and bad, spiritual and material, civil and uncivil. Directly challenging the social and political role of civility as it is shaped, imagined and “imaged” in China, it explores how civility plays a pivotal role in making and unmaking citizens and argues that these artists offer a redefinition of civility not as a “discourse of lack” but as a surplus quality, an embodied excess, something which could be performed, parodied or publicly cast off. It therefore stands as an argument for considering the vexed and contested parameters of civility as artists sought to navigate the fraught terrain between ideology and market reforms, consumer citizenship and the exigencies of globalisation.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Di Mi Nw 02 Kembang Kerang Kecamatan Aikmel Lombok Timur
Authors: Yulianti Yuni , Harmonika Sri , Yahya Fizian
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MI NW 02 Kembang Kerang serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MI NW 02 Kembang Kerang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan berbagai gejala yang muncul dari berbagai pola kepemimpinan kepala madrasah terhadap kinerja guru di MI NW 02 Kembang Kerang. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data antara lain; metode observasi, metode wawancara dan metode dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis data deskriptif dengan proses reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian dan pembahasan tentang kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MI NW 02 Kembang Kerang, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1) Kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MI NW 02 Kembang Kerang telah melakukan beberapa upaya, antara lain; a. menanamkan sikap disiplin, b. pembinaan dan supervisi, c. meningkatkan sumber daya dan profesionalisme guru, d. memberikan motivasi, dan e. menyediakan fasilitas yang memadai bagi guru. 2) Faktor pendukung kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MI NW 02 Kembang Kerang, meliputi; a. hubungan yang harmonis antara kepal madrasah dan guru, b. adanya motivasi yang kuat dari guru, dan c. tingkat pendidikan yang memadai. Sedangkan yang menjadi faktor penghambat bagi kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MI NW 02 Kembang Kerang meliputi; a. kurangnya sarana dan prasarana belajar, dan b. tempat tinggal guru dan siswa yang jauh dari madrasah.
Peran Manajemen Sarana Dan Prasarana Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Di MI NW 1 Kembang Kerang
Authors: Isnaini Nurul , Yahya Fizian , Sabri Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana manajemen sarana dan prasarana dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di MI NW 1 Kembang Kerang. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, dewan guru dan waka sarana dan prasarana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Perencanaan pengadaan sarana dan prasarana dengan melihat kebutuhan yang ada, baik kebutuhan kantor maupun kebutuhan belajar mengajar. (2) Pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana dilakukan oleh semua warga sekolah, baik petugas khusus, kepala sekolah, guru-guru dan murid-murid bertanggung jawab dalam pemeliharaan dan wajib menjaga sarana dan prasarana yang ada di sekolah. (3) Inventaris sarana dan prasarana kegiatan inventaris dilakukan setiap tahun ajaran baru, untuk pencatatan, pembelian sarana dan prasarana selalu melibatkan waka sarana dan prasarana dan kepala sekolah. (4) Penghapusan sarana dan prasarana melalui tahapan dengan memilih barang yang rusak/tidak layak pakai dan sebelum dihapus dilakukan perbaikan kalau masih bisa diperbaiki akan diperbaiki sebaliknya kalau tidak bisa diperbaiki ditaruh di gudang dan di hapus dari daftar inventaris. (5) Pelaksanaan manajemen sarana dan prasarana meliputi: Perencanaan, pengadaan, pemeliharaan, inventaris dan penghapusan.
PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN TEKNIK INFORMASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SMK HARAPAN 1 RANCAEKEK BANDUNG
Authors: Saepuloh Uwoh
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Penerapan manajemen teknik informasi pendidikan islam dalam proses pembelajaran di SMK Harapan 1 Rancaekek Bandung. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Penerapan sistem informasi manajemen sangat penting dilembaga pendidikan khusunya di SMK Harapan 1 Rancaekek Bandung menggunakan aplikasi pengolah data yaitu dapodik dan teknik informasi dalam mendukug proses pembelajaran memberikan layanan pendidikan dengan menfasilitasi praktek pembelajaran dengan menggunakan infrakstruktur teknologi, seperti fasilitas belajar dengan memadukan computer 2) Proses pembelajaran di sekolah ini yaitu, sebelum melaksanakan proses pembelajaran harus melalui tiga tahap yaitu, pertama, tahap perencanaan. Dalam tahap ini membuat analisis hari efektif dan analisis program pembelajaran, membuat program tahunan, menyusun silabus, menyusun RPP, dan membuat penilaian pembelajaran. Kedua, tahap pelaksanaan. Dalam tahap ini yang perlu dilakukan yaitu, Aspek pendekatan dalam pembelajaran, Aspek stretegi dan taktik dalam pembelajaran, Aspek metode dan teknik dalam pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran yang dipakai dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu, media cetak (buku), gambar, LCD dan computer. Ketiga, tahap evaluasi. Dalam tahap ini yang dievaluasi yaitu, pengetahuan belajar yang dites dengan secara tertulis, lisan, dan daftar pertanyaan ujian. Evaluasi belajar keterampilan yang dievaluasi dengan ujian praktek, dan analisis tugas yang dievaluasi sendiri oleh pendidik. Dan bentuk tes yang diberikan kepada peserta didik tetap harus dengan persyaratan yang baku.
Curbing Unemployment Through Job Creation as Panacea to Inclusive Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Abada Felicia C. , Uzoechina Benedict I. , Manasseh Charles O. , Nwakoby Ifeoma C. , Obidike Paul C. , Lawal Adedoyin I. , Lawal-Adedoyin Bukola B. , Alio Felix C.
Published: January 2021

The thrust of this study is to curb unemployment rate through job creation using some key sectors of the economy specifically the manufacturing, agricultural and industrial sectors as the basis for attaining an inclusive growth in Nigeria particularly with the increasing rate of youth unemployment booming the Country. This is demonstrated by the agricultural, manufacturing and industrial policies, programmes and strategies initiated, designed and executed to retard the alarming unemployment rate. The short-run and long-run dynamics streaming from inclusive growth proxied by real gross domestic product per capita, agricultural sector proxied by real agricultural output, manufacturing sector proxied by real manufacturing output, industrial sector proxied by real industrial output and openness measured by export as percentage of real gross domestic product to unemployment rate were evaluated using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach for the period 1970 to 2014. The Estimated results from the study reveals that, improvement in the agricultural, manufacturing and industrial sectors will significantly aid in reducing the problems of unemployment and poverty in Nigeria. Even though the manufacturing sector shows no contribution to reducing unemployment, this could be as a result of the use of some equipment which has taken the place of labour thereby making it redundant. Though, if the teeming unemployed populace is adequately trained in the right direction, the manufacturing sector can still absorbed them. To this effect, the study recommended Government to give utmost priority to the key indicators that are needful at a given period of time in order to ascertain the right combination of the sectors in which these scarce resources should be directed to with the intention of enhancing inclusive growth.
The Meaning of Private in an Age of Surveillance
Authors: Bostock William Walter
Published: January 2021

The private has great significance for the individual as it is where identity is stored. However, the private comes at a cost, particularly in a time of mass surveillance, which is heightened by the present Coronavirus pandemic, and is becoming more and more rare as individuals seek security. At the collective level, whole societies are moving towards privatisation, as the private gives relief from increased surveillance by media, governments and informed individuals and organisations, thus allowing more operational flexibility. Private and public are significant as polar ends of a spectrum in which individuals and collectivities must position themselves on a wide range of issues while maintaining identity. As shown in the case of airport privatisation, the determining process has been influenced by cultural factors such as a desire to avoid surveillance and scrutiny, sociological factors such as contagion, and political factors such as convergence. In all areas of human activity, a rebalancing between private and public may be necessary, and a transdisciplinary approach would be appropriate.
Alleviate the Symptoms of Depression among Clients in Mental Health Rehabilitation Clinic at Royal Medical Services
Authors: Al-Qaisy Lama Majed , Tarawneh Rihan T
Published: January 2021

The present study aimed to find out the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) in reducing the symptoms of depression in a sample of clients in the mental health rehabilitation clinic at Royal Medical Services. The sample consisted of (8) women, ages range was between 22-50 years. The sample of the study was determined by the application of the Beck Depression Scale and Standardized to the Jordanian Environment and approved by the Royal Medical Services as a diagnostic tool for women diagnosed with depression disorder and those who reviewed the psychiatric clinic. A single group pre-post test design was used in the study to examine the outcome of solution-focused therapy SFT in regards to reducing symptoms of depression. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the data. The pre-treatment Beck Depression Scale scores were compared with post-treatment scores to evaluate the outcome of SFT. Results indicate significant differences in the Beck Depression Scale scores at pre- to post-treatment (T = 3; Wilcoxon T= 0.12, p = 0.05). This implies that the SFT was successful in reducing the symptoms of depression in the participants’ group.
Donald Trump’s Incendiary Rhetoric and Hate Speech in Tulsa, Oklahoma Rally on June 20, 2020 Put the United States on the Verge of Racial and Cultural Division
Authors: Yaseen Aysar Tahseen
Published: January 2021

Anti-racial vilification legislations exist on a wide range and are supported by civil organizations as well as the two major political parties in the United States. As Public concerns about expressions of racial hatred exacerbated lately, racial derogatory comments and racial violence were evident in several areas in the U.S and became part of daily rhetoric. It seems that these legislations consolidated counterproductive effects and gave rise to racial differences rather than encrypting them. Furthermore, hate discourse was encumbered by the residue of long history of slavery and racial segregation. The American president who is supposed to be the role model for the common American man and woman failed to take the lead and proved to lack commands of leadership as well as initiatives of healing the nation in the midst of the present state of unrest and confusion. He has been abusive and having no commands of domestic policy. His discourse failed to live up to the expectations of the American people in suppressing racial and discriminatory remarks. On the contrary, he brags of being racist and bluntly uses hate expressions. In addition, he tries to systematize and institutionalize racism and discrimination. By using racist hate speech utterances as well as hate-speech acts, the president appears as a person with modest linguistic commands as his poor knowledge of illocutionary and perlocutionary effects of his utterances is prevalent. The analysis of Donald Trump’s hate-speech-acts can be identified as raising validity claims which enact discrimination and support inequality in society.
Foundations for ductile frames
Authors: Allardice N. W. , Fenwick R. C. , Taylor P. W. , Williams R. L.
Published: January 2021

This paper is the result of deliberations of the Society's discussion group on  seismic design of ductile moment resisting reinforced concrete frames.
Earthquake damage at Sendai June 1978
Authors: Editor
Published: January 2021

On 12 June, 1978 an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 occurred about 100 km off the east coast of Honshu, the main island of Japan. The earthquake caused widespread damage in Sendai, a city of some 600,000 inhabitants, which is located about 350 km north of Tokyo and 250 km south of Hachinohe (where extensive damage occurred in the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake. According to press reports, only 20 people lost their lives in Sendai. These photographs and sketches of building damage in Sendai are by  Doukou Hayashi of Yokoyama Consulting Engineers, Tokyo, and are reproduced here courtesy of Mr. W. P. Edwards of Wellington.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 11, No. 1
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: January 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2021. 
China Perspective in Reforming of the World Trade Organization
Authors: khan Asif , Elrhim Ahmad Arafa Abd , Soomro Nishan-E-Hyder , Jillani Muhammad Abid Hussain Shah
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the multilateral trading system, has faced many difficulties and challenges due to the great vows of anti-globalisation and trade protectionism. The appellate body, as a significant portion of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSU) of the WTO, has been suffering from an unprecedented crisis of suspension because the United States continues to prevent the appointment of vacant members. Now to save the World Trade Organization from an unprecedented crisis of survival reform has become a consensus. However, each member has a different opinion concerning the basic principle and specific contents of WTO reforms. In general, it is proposed to increase the flexibility of the negotiation mechanism and break the deadlock in multilateral negotiations caused by "consensus" and advocate the system in terms of substantive rules. It is proposed to establish new trade regulations, strengthen trade fairness, and eliminate investment Obstacles; in terms of disciplinary constraints, it advocates better use of the WTO's review and supervision functions and strengthens the constraints on members' compliance with transparency and notification obligations. In dispute settlement, it proposes to amend the relevant agreements as soon as possible To break the deadlock in the selection of judges of the Appellate Body and ensure the regular operation of the World Trade Organization. China clarifies its primary position and fundamental concerns, based on the existing paper, and introducing specific reform programs to participate more effectively in the WTO reform process. Qualitative research methodology has been applied to the following article.
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Published: January 2021

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Diet and Skin Barrier: The Role of Dietary Interventions on Skin Barrier Function
Authors: Parke Milbrey A. , Perez-Sanchez Ariadna , Zamil Dina H. , Katta Rajani
Published: January 2021

Multiple research studies have examined the role of specific dietary interventions and their effects on skin barrier function. The skin barrier is one of the body's first lines of protection against environmental insults, and disruption of this natural line of defense can result in xerosis, irritation, chronic dermatitis, and other cutaneous effects. Multiple laboratory, animal, and human studies have demonstrated that certain dietary interventions have the potential to impact skin barrier function. Measurements of skin barrier function include stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss. In this review, we examine this research and provide an overview of the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, fatty acids, and emerging research on other substances.
Dermoscopic Aspects of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Rossi Gabriela , Da Silva Cartell André , Marchiori Bakos Renato
Published: January 2021

Background: Little is known about the dermoscopic evaluation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs).
Objectives: To evaluate the dermoscopic patterns of CADRs and identify those associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs (SCARDs).
Patients and Methods: Patients included in this study from May 2015 to April 2016 had presented with CADRs. CADR presentation and classification were based on standard criteria. SCARDs included Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), overlap SJS/TEN, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). The dermoscopic features of CADRs were described and compared according to the severity of the reactions.
Results: Sixty-nine patients were included. Sixteen patients (23.2%) presented SCARDs. The main dermoscopic findings in SJS, overlap SJS/TEN and TEN were black dots or necrotic areas (100%). Erosion [respectively, 4/6 (66.7%), 3/3 (100%) and 1/1 (100%)], necrotic borders [respectively, 4/6 (66.7%), 3/3 (100%) and 1/1, (100%)] and epidermal detachment [respectively, 5/6 (83.3%); 2/3 (66.7%) and 1/1 (100%)] were also common among these reactions. Erythema and purpuric dots were the main dermoscopic findings [respectively, 5/6 (83.3%) and 4/6 (66.7%)] in DRESS. In non-severe reactions, the most prevalent structures were erythema and purpura in exanthema [respectively, 31/33 (93.9%) and 24/33 (72.7%)] and erythema and vascular structures in urticarial reactions [respectively, 6/6 (100%) and 3/6 (50%)]. Black dots or necrotic areas, epidermal detachment, necrotic borders and erosion were highly associated with SCARDs (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Dermoscopy improves clinical recognition of SCARDs.
Scale and Pustule on Dermoscopy of Rosacea: A Diagnostic Clue for Demodex Species
Authors: Serarslan Gamze , Makbule Kaya Özlem , Dirican Emre
Published: January 2021

Background: Demodex mites are highly found in the skin of patients with rosacea.The diagnosis of Demodex can be made by standardized skin surface biopsy. Dermoscopy is a tool used in the noninvasive diagnosis of various dermatological diseases.

Objectives: To determine whether dermoscopic features of demodicosis are associated with the result of standardized skin surface biopsy in patients with rosacea and to compare dermoscopic features of rosacea in Demodex-positive and negative samples and Demodex type.

Methods: A total of 30 patients (7 male, 23 female) were included in the study. Dermoscopic examination was performed on both the clinically most severely affected areas and adjacent healthy skin. The skin surface biopsy sample was taken from the same place from where the dermoscopic image was taken.

Results: A total of 83 (lesion n = 60, non-lesion n = 23) areas were evaluated. Demodex was detected in 60.2% (n = 50) of the samples. Half of these samples revealed only Demodex folliculorum, and the remaining half revealed D folliculorum and Demodex brevis. Of theDemodex-positive samples, 88% had Demodex tails (P =0.001) and68% Demodex follicular openings (P = 0.002) on dermoscopy. In D folliculorum+D brevis-positive samples, the rate of scale and pustule was higher than D folliculorum-positive samples (P = 0.017 and P = 0032,respectively).

Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of Demodex tail are higher than Demodex follicular opening and scale and pustule detection with dermoscopy and may indicate the coexistence of both D folliculorum and D brevis.
Cultures of Number
Authors: Lee Thomas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

This article argues humanities scholarship is often dismissive of the quantitative, and that there is scope for worthwhile interdisciplinary research into the way everyday life is given tone and texture by experiences and cultures of number. Following the work of Mary Poovey (2008) and Steven Connor (2016), it challenges the view, particularly influential in the humanities, that number and associated ideas to do with data, objectivity, mathematics, and the rational, are parasitic upon life. In contrast to this view, this article suggests that even if the idea of ‘the human’ is defined in opposition to number, the relation between the two is more usefully understood as an interweaving of differential tensions, rather than two poles separated by an uncrossable distance. Examples from literary fiction and two smartphone apps are analysed with the intent of initiating a dialogue between different cultural objects that share a concern with number and human experience.
Fatores geradores do medo do parto: revisão integrativa
Authors: Travancas Luciana Jares , Vargens Octavio Muniz da Costa
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: identificar, nas evidências científicas, fatores considerados pelas mulheres como desencadeantes do medo do parto. Método: revisão integrativa com a questão: Que fatores as mulheres consideram desencadeantes ou influenciadores no medo do parto? Foram realizadas buscas nos Portais da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, através das combinações de descritores e palavras-chave aderentes ao tema. Como resposta, encontraram-se 27 artigos empregando-se como critérios de inclusão: artigos em inglês, português ou espanhol, na íntegra, publicados e indexados no período de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: destacaram-se como fatores desencadeantes do medo: as percepções relacionadas ao parto vaginal, medos relacionados à escolha da cesariana, medo pela assistência inadequada dos profissionais, entre outros fatores. Conclusão: devolver à grávida o poder sobre seu corpo, a força e a capacidade de parir naturalmente sem medos, constitui um desafio enfrentado para o cuidado de enfermagem.
O conhecimento dos discentes de enfermagem acerca do câncer de colo do útero
Authors: Silva Júnior José Antonio da , Bezerra Luana Larissa Oliveira , Freitas Javanna Lacerda Gomes da Silva , Santos Sheila Milena Pessoa dos , Queiroga Rodrigo Pinheiro Fernandes de , Silva Trycia Ryane de Freitas
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos discentes do curso de enfermagem acerca dos fatores de risco e prevenção do câncer de colo do útero. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 112 discentes do curso de enfermagem de uma instituição pública de ensino superior no Nordeste do Brasil. Dados coletados em junho de 2017, utilizando questionário estruturado, com análise bivariada entre conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco e prevenção do câncer de colo do útero e as variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e acadêmicas. Resultados: verificou-se associação entre o conhecimento acerca dos fatores de risco e prevenção e a participação dos discentes em atividades extracurriculares, período de curso e assistência à mulher com ênfase no câncer de colo do útero. Conclusão: salienta-se a necessidade de aprimoramento das abordagens dessa temática no curso de graduação em Enfermagem por meio da participação dos alunos em atividades extracurriculares.
Caracterização de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas conforme Modelo de Sistemas
Authors: Benetti Eliane Raquel Rieth , Beuter Margrid , Rosa Paloma Horbach da , Backes Carolina , Jacobi Caren Da Silva , Oliveira Francine Feltrin
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: caracterizar as pessoas idosas hospitalizadas quanto às dimensões propostas pelo Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman. Método: recorte de estudo qualitativo, ancorado na proposta da Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, desenvolvido em hospital de ensino com 30 pessoas idosas. A produção dos dados ocorreu de novembro/2016 a agosto/2017 por meio de entrevista conversação, guiada por protocolo de pesquisa, analisada à luz do Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman. Resultados: pessoas idosas hospitalizadas foram caracterizadas conforme a dimensão fisiológica (sexo, idade, diagnóstico, comorbidades), psicológica (alterações de humor, sentimentos e comportamentos), sociocultural (estado civil, arranjo domiciliar, acompanhamento durante hospitalização, atividade laboral), de desenvolvimento (anos de estudo, função cognitiva) e espiritual (religião, participação na igreja, suporte religioso e interferência da hospitalização). Conclusão: identificar as dimensões interativas propostas pelo Modelo Sistemas de Neuman permite compreender a pessoa idosa como um sistema cliente aberto e proporciona ao enfermeiro justificativas para o julgamento clínico e tomada de decisão.
Percepção de pessoas com hipertensão arterial sobre aspectos que influenciam a adesão ao tratamento
Authors: Miranda Paulo Roberto de Oliveira , Sacramento Débora De Oliveira , Diaz Flavia Batista Barbosa de Sá , Toledo Luana Vieira , Pereira Renan Sallazar Ferreira , Alves Katiusse Rezende
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: descrever a percepção de pessoas com hipertensão arterial sobre os aspectos que facilitam e dificultam a adesão ao tratamento. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo desenvolvido com 16 pessoas atendidas em consultas de enfermagem. Realizaram-se entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado e utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de janeiro e agosto de 2017. Resultados: observou-se que ter força de vontade, apoio familiar e multiprofissional, conhecimento sobre a patologia e formas de prevenção e medo da morte facilitou a adesão; por outro lado, pouco conhecimento, preguiça, falta de infraestrutura urbana e condições climáticas, hábito de consumir alimentos não saudáveis, bebidas alcoólicas e tabaco, custo do tratamento e esquecimento de tomar a medicação dificultaram a adesão. Conclusão: o tratamento da hipertensão acarreta mudanças na dinâmica da vida para as quais é fundamental ter força de vontade, apoio familiar e profissional, além de superar hábitos não saudáveis.
Meditação: uma estratégia de cuidado em saúde para estudantes universitários
Authors: Schuh Luísa Maria , Cabral Fernanda Beheregaray , Hildebrandt Leila Mariza , Cosentino Susane Flores , Colomé Isabel Cristina Dos Santos
Published: January 2021

Objetivos: desenvolver atividades meditativas com estudantes de uma universidade do noroeste gaúcho e analisar a percepção de estudantes universitários sobre a prática meditativa. Método: pesquisa-intervenção, de abordagem qualitativa. Realizaram-se 11 encontros para meditação, com participação de cinco estudantes, no período de abril a julho de 2019. Os dados produzidos mediante questionário com dados sociodemográficos e de saúde, observação não participante e entrevista aberta foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: a participação dos estudantes na meditação foi motivada pela curiosidade, dificuldade de concentração, estresse, irritação, ansiedade e nervosismo. A meditação mindfulness proporcionou aumento da concentração e foco para os estudos, melhorou a qualidade do sono e promoveu autoconhecimento e bem-estar subjetivo. Conclusão: a meditação mindfulness na Universidade foi importante à promoção da saúde mental, efetiva à minimização de estados de estresse e ansiedade e promoveu mudanças positivas na vida dos estudantes.