bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian hierarchical model of postlarval delta smelt entrainment: integrating transport, length composition, and sampling efficiency in estimates of loss
Authors: Smith William E. , Newman Ken B. , Mitchell Lara
Published: December 2019

Hydrodynamic models have been used to estimate rates of ichthyoplankton transport across marine and estuarine environments and subsequent geographic isolation of a portion of the population (i.e., entrainment). Combining simulated data from hydrodynamic models with data from fish populations can provide more information, including estimates of regional abundance. Entrainment of postlarval delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a threatened species endemic to California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, caused by water export operations, was modeled using a Bayesian hierarchical model. The model was fit using data spanning years 1995–2015 from multiple sources: hydrodynamic particle tracking, fish length composition, mark–recapture, and count data from entrainment monitoring. Estimates of the entrainment of postlarval delta smelt ranged from 10 (SD = 23) in May 2006 to 561 791 (SD = 246 423) in May 2002. A simulation study indicated that all model parameters were estimable, but errors in transport data led to biased estimates of entrainment. Using only single data sources rather than integration through hierarchical modeling would have underestimated uncertainty in entrainment estimates or resulted in bias if transport, survival, or sampling efficiency were unaccounted for.
Effects of a decade of selenium emission reductions on mercury accumulation in aquatic biota in the Sudbury region of Ontario
Authors: Aždajić Mija , Belzile Nelson , Gunn John M. , Blais Jules M. , Poulain Alexandre J.
Published: December 2019

Control of smelting emissions in the Sudbury (Ontario, Canada) area has dramatically decreased the amount of selenium (Se) deposited onto the surrounding landscape. Historically, Se emissions in Sudbury correlated with lower total mercury (Hg) and methylmercury levels (MeHg) in tissues of zooplankton, amphipods (Hyalella azteca), mayflies (Stenonema femoratum), and young-of-the-year perch (Perca flavescens). In 2017, ten years following emission reductions, we evaluated whether changes in Se deposition affected total Hg and MeHg burden in lake biota. We show that total Se concentrations in the water of the majority of lakes have increased despite decreases in Se depositions, most likely due to the long residence time of Se in the watershed and the water column. As a result, Se in water continues to correlate with lower total Hg and MeHg accumulation in tissues of zooplankton, amphipods, mayflies, and perch. These results suggest that Se continues to exhibit a protective effect on Hg accumulation in biota, even years after emissions have greatly decreased. We expect this work to inform efforts aiming at long-term recovery of aquatic environments affected by smelter emissions and aid in designing remediation strategies involving Se additions.
Inhibitor 1 of Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulates Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II to Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury of Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Luo Huiqin , Song Shu , Chen Yun , Xu Mengting , Sun Linlin , Meng Guoliang , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2019

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), regulated by inhibitor 1 of protein phosphatase 1 (I1PP1), is vital for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the role and mechanism of I1PP1 against hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cardiomyocytes remain a question. In our study, after I1PP1 overexpression by adenovirus infection in the neonatal cardiomyocytes followed by hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 12 h, the CaMKIIδ alternative splicing subtype, ATP content, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were determined. CaMKII activity was evaluated by phosphoprotein phosphorylation at Thr17 (p-PLB Thr17), CaMKII phosphorylation (p-CaMKII), and CaMKII oxidation (ox-CaMKII). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expressions were assessed. Our study verified that I1PP1 overexpression attenuated the CaMKIIδ alternative splicing disorder; suppressed PLB phosphorylation at Thr17, p-CaMKII, and ox-CaMKII; decreased cell LDH release; increased ATP content; attenuated ROS production; increased mitochondrial membrane potential; and decreased DRP1 expression but increased OPA1 expression in the cardiomyocytes after H/R. Contrarily, CaMKIIδ alternative splicing disorder, LDH release, ATP reduction, and ROS accumulation were aggravated after H/R injury with the I1PP1 knockdown. Collectively, I1PP1 overexpression corrected disorders of CaMKIIδ alternative splicing, inhibited CaMKII phosphorylation, repressed CaMKII oxidation, suppressed ROS production, and attenuated cardiomyocyte H/R injury.
Numerical Research on a Three‐Dimensional Solid Element Based on Generalized Elasticity Theory
Authors: Qiao Zhen , Liu Zhanfang
Published: December 2019

A finite element equation is established based on generalized elasticity theory by applying a virtual work principle. Then, a penalty function term is added to the virtual work equation by imposing rotation and displacement as independent variables. An 8‐node element with full integration, an 8‐node element with reduced integration, and a 20‐node element with full integration are constructed using difference integration schemes and shape functions. The influences of structural degrees of freedom and the penalty parameter on convergence are analyzed via the three elements. It is shown that the 8‐node element with reduction integration and the 20‐node element with full integration are convergent, whereas the 8‐node element with full integration is divergent. The scale effects of a slender beam, a short beam, a thin plate, and a medium‐thick plate are numerically analyzed. Lastly, the scale effects of the frequencies that correspond to the bending mode, torsion mode, and tension‐compression mode for a pretwisted plate are studied. It is found that the frequencies that correspond to the bending mode and torsion mode exert a scale effect, whereas the frequency that corresponds to the tension‐compression mode does not. The essence of the scale effect is that the rotational deformation of the microstructure is amplified.
Modeling and Optimization of RFID Networks Planning Problem
Authors: Kong Hongshan , Yu Bin
Published: December 2019

Aimed at solving the RFID networks planning problem, a mathematical model considering tag coverage and reader interference is presented. The DEEPSO algorithm that adds differential evolution and evolutionary strategies to the standard PSO is introduced to the optimization of RFID Networks Planning, which can improve the global convergence ability and particle diversity and can avoid falling into local convergence. According to the simulation results, compared with RFID networks planning by standard PSO, RFID networks planning by DEEPSO is superior.
Discriminative, Competitive, and Collaborative Representation‐Based Classification with l2‐Norm Regularizations
Authors: Gou Jianping , Lu Junyu , Song Heping , Ma Hongxing , Ou Weihua , Ke Jia
Published: December 2019

Recently, collaborative representation‐based classification (CRC) and its many variations have been widely applied for various classification tasks in pattern recognition. To further enhance the pattern discrimination of CRC, in this article we propose a novel extension of CRC, entitled discriminative, competitive, and collaborative representation‐based classification (DCCRC). In the proposed DCCRC, the class discrimination information is fully utilized for promoting the true class of each testing sample to dominantly represent the testing sample during collaborative representation. The class discrimination information is well considered in the newly designed discriminative l2‐norm regularization that can decrease the ability of representation from the interclasses of each testing sample. Simultaneously, a competitive l2‐norm regularization is introduced to the DCCRC model with the class discrimination information with the aim of enhancing the competitive ability of representation from the true class of each testing sample. The effectiveness of the proposed DCCRC is explored by extensive experiments on the several public face databases and some real numerical UCI data sets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DCCRC achieves the superior performance over the state‐of‐the‐art representation‐based classification methods.
A Reversible Spectrophotometric Method Based on a Coupled Microfluidic Chip for Highly Selective Ammonium Detection
Authors: Zhou Hao , Song Yilin , Yang Zheng
Published: December 2019

A coupled chip aiming at economical and highly selective ammonium detection was fabricated. It consisted of a reaction chip, a gas-diffusion chip, and a detection chip. Zinc tetraphenylporphyrin dyed on the cation-exchange resin microbeads was used as the indicating material to avoid excess consumption for its reversibility. PDMS was selected as the material of the gas-diffusion membrane. A portable spectrometer was applied for spectrum analysis. By analysis of spectrum change, the high selectivity was confirmed because no component had interference on detection effect. Good performance was shown for all the tested concentrations (0.2–50 mg·L−1). The stability and reversibility were also judged by the spectrum data obtained from the indicating process and the recovering process. Finally, real samples containing ammonium were tested and the results were compared to those came from a standard method to confirm the accuracy of our method.
Optimization and Hydration Mechanism of Composite Cementing Material for Paste Filling in Coal Mines
Authors: Liu Jinxiao , Li Wenxin , Zhang Feng , Zhang Xinguo , Chen Lianjun , Liu Yongle
Published: December 2019

The low early strength of materials for paste filling in mines caused by low early strength of composite cementing material has been a severe issue. In this study, the effects of sulphoaluminate cement and gypsum on strengths of composite cementing material were investigated experimentally by employing the constrained formulation uniform design. With the content of the sulphoaluminate cement below 14% and the content of the gypsum below 16%, the compressive strengths of composite cementing materials increased, especially early strength. However, the initial and final setting time does not meet the engineering requirements in this case. Optimization tests of composite additives demonstrated that H2BO3(0.3%) + Na2SO4(0.1%) and H2BO3(0.3%) + NaNO2(0.1%) were ideal setting retarding and early strengthening composite additives as they can both reduce the initial and final setting time and enhance compressive strengths of composite cementing material. Investigations by XRD and SEM revealed that the hydration products of composite cementing material were dominated by AFt (ettringite) at the early stage and by C-S-H (hydrated calcium silicate) gel + CH (calcium hydroxide) gel at the middle and late stages. The hydration products of ratio-optimized composite cementing material do not restrain each other due to the generation sequence. Instead, they grew interactively and were coupled, thus facilitating the growth of the hardened body. This study can provide references for optimization of composite cementing material for paste filling in coal mines.
Myoinositol in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Sensible?
Authors: Sobota-Grzeszyk Angelika , Kuźmicki Mariusz , Szamatowicz Jacek
Published: December 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication that increasingly affects pregnant women. Due to the risk of adverse outcomes in the mother as well as in the fetus which is caused by GDM, appropriate diagnosis and treatment is very essential. Nevertheless, it is important to find new, effective ways of prevention of GDM to avoid side effects. A promising example of such an action may be supplementation of myoinositol. As shown in studies, myoinositol may reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus by improving insulin sensitivity.
Decellularized Human Stromal Lenticules Combine with Corneal Epithelial-Like Cells: A New Resource for Corneal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Qin Shuai , Zheng Shuai , Qi Bing , Guo Rui , Hou Guanghui
Published: December 2019

The lack of donor corneal tissue or the immunological rejection remains a challenge for individuals with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) who are treated with keratoplasty. Numerous lenticules which were extracted by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) appear to be useful materials for keratoplasty. In order to reduce the incidence of allograft rejection, lenticules would be decellularized. Lenticules which were treated with liquid nitrogen and nucleases had no cellular and nuclear materials remained. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from the patient who requires keratoplasty, offering an autologous alternative and eliminating the risk of graft rejection. We found that BMP-4, RA, N-2 supplement, hEGF, B27, decellularized human stromal lenticules, conditioned medium, or induction medium promoted the differentiation of human iPSCs with high purity. The results showed that human iPSCs cultured for 4 days in differentiation medium A, 14 days in condition medium, and 1 week in induction medium on decellularized human stromal lenticules developed markedly higher expression of the markers P63, CK3, and CK12 than did those in the other methods. The level of gene expression of the epithelial and pluripotency markers and analysis by scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry also showed successful differentiation. After inducing differentiation in vitro, corneal epithelial-like cells were induced. In the study, we investigated the possibility of a new resource for corneal tissue engineering.
Evaluation of the Active Support and Yielding Bearing Properties of Artificial Pillars Supporting a Stope Roof Using 3DEC Numerical Simulation
Authors: Li Kunmeng , Li Yuanhui , Jing Hongdi
Published: December 2019

Before achieving yielding support with artificial pillars, it is significant to evaluate their active support and passive bearing performances on the stope roof. This paper focuses on three aspects of research using 3DEC numerical simulation, which are support patterns of artificial pillars, magnitude of support stresses, and the magnitude of prestresses of the load‐increasing yielding support pattern. Simulation results show that the superior sequence of supporting effect is load‐increasing yielding support, load‐shedding yielding support, and constant and nonyielding support under the same initial support stress. When the magnitude of support stress or the magnitude of prestress is larger with load‐increasing yielding support, the supporting effect is superior and the load‐increasing yielding support with a lower magnitude of support stress is superior to some other support patterns with higher magnitude of support stresses. The active support can improve the support effect compared with no prestress, and under the same final support stress, the support effect is superior when the roof stress releases more in the early supporting stage regardless of the prestress.
Dynamic Simulations of the Allam Cycle Power Plant Integrated with an Air Separation Unit
Authors: Fernandes Dan , Wang Song , Xu Qiang , Chen Daniel
Published: December 2019

The unprecedented rise in carbon dioxide levels due to anthropogenic activities, if left unchecked, can lead to increased global warming. Electricity and heat generation account for around 25% of this greenhouse gas emission. The Allam cycle, a new oxy-fuel power cycle that emits virtually no CO2 and NOx, is inherently integrated with an air separation plant. In this study, Aspen Plus Dynamics was used to model the integrated Allam power plant/air separation unit (ASU) with a high degree of heat and work integration. The steady-state model developed agrees with the model developed by Net Power. Regulatory and advanced PID controllers were implemented for major equipment to meet operation objectives. Controller set point change, power ramp down, and natural gas composition change were studied, and key plant performance indicators were monitored and analyzed. This study shows that the Allam cycle power plant integrated with an ASU is controllable with the proposed control strategy under a tightly integrated configuration.
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Wine Produced from Blended Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) andLantana camara(L. camara) Fruits
Authors: Tsegay Zenebe Tadesse , Gebremedhin Kidu Mezgebe
Published: December 2019

Blending different fruits as well as adding medicinal herbs improves important physicochemical and sensorial properties of fruit wine. The present study aimed at investigating prominent physicochemical and sensory properties of wine produced from cactus pear andLantana camarafruit juice blend. Both fruit juices were characterized based on pH, sugar, titratable acidity, total phenol, and organic acid contents. The fermentation process was made at previously optimized fermentation temperature of 24.8°C, pH of 3.4, inoculum concentration (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) of 10.16% (v/v), andLantana camarafruit juice concentration of 10.66% (v/v). The final wine was characterized as having pH of 3.47 ± 0.04, 4.6 ± 0.02 g/L sugar equivalent to dextrose, 0.33 ± 0.006% titratable acidity (w/v citric acid), total phenol of 696.1 ± 22.1 mg/L equivalent to gallic acid, and 4.35 ± 0.4 mg/mL organic acid equivalent to citric acid composition. Predominant color intensity, ethanol, methanol, total sulfite, and sensory value of the final wine were measured as 48.07 ± 2.66% of yellowish color, 8.6 ± 0.68% (v/v), 124.4 ± 9.5 mg/L, 129.94 ± 4.04 mg/L, and 8.65 ± 0.92, respectively. The blendedLantana camarafruit enhanced total phenol, color, and sensory value of the final wine. Titratable acidity and methanol and sulfite contents of the final wine are in an acceptable limit compared to standards for commercial wines. Utilizing cactus pear fruit by incorporatingLantana camarafruit for health-enhancing functional food development such as fruit wines could solve the current postharvest loss of both fruits and be a means of alternative beverage.
Study of the Mechanism of Fracture Grouting in Deeply Buried Rock Strata Based on Bingham Fluid Slurry
Authors: Liu Xiangyang , Cheng Hua , Lin Jian , Rong Chuanxin , Li Mingjing , Xu Huidong
Published: December 2019

In view of the fact that the theory of fracture grouting in deeply buried rock strata seriously lags behind engineering practices, a circular fracturing diffusion model of a single fracture was established by considering numerous influencing factors of deeply buried rock strata, such as the crustal stress characteristics, rock mechanical properties, and time‐varying characteristics of the serous viscosity. By setting the stress intensity factor KI equal to the material fracture toughness KIC at the fracture tip as the criterion for fracturing, the diffusion equation for the fracture grouting was derived and verified experimentally. Theoretical analysis shows that the fracture grouting pressure P0 is linearly proportional to the depth of the strata H and the lateral pressure coefficient k. The time‐varying characteristics of the serous viscosity have an important influence on the grouting pressure and the diffusion radius. Its early impact is small, while its later impact is large. The diffusion radius of the grouting is indirectly proportional to the grouting pressure and the grouting flow rate. In order to increase the diffusion radius of the grouting, the grouting pressure and the grouting flow rate should be increased simultaneously. In order, the main factors influencing the diffusion radius of the fracture grouting are the time‐varying characteristics of the serous viscosity, the grouting pressure, the grouting flow rate, and the depth of the strata.
Synchronization of Complex Dynamical Networks with Hybrid Time Delay under Event‐Triggered Control: The Threshold Function Method
Authors: Wang Fei , Zheng Zhaowen , Yang Yongqing
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the synchronization of general complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with both internal delay and transmission delay. Event‐triggered mechanism is applied for the feedback controllers, in which the triggered function is formed as a nonincreasing function. Both continuous feedback and sampled‐data feedback methods are studied. According to Lyapunov stability theorem and generalized Halanay’s inequality, quasi‐synchronization criteria are derived at first. The synchronization error is bounded with some parameters of the triggered function. Then, the completed synchronization can be guaranteed as a special case. Finally, coupled neural networks as numerical simulation examples are given to verify the theoretical results.
Rheological and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Abutilon Natural Straw and Polylactic Acid Biocomposites
Authors: Wang Hua , Memon Hafeezullah , Hassan Elwathig A. M. , Elagib Tienah H. H. , Hassan Fadl Elmoula A. A. , Yu Muhuo
Published: December 2019

Recently, natural fibers have become attractive materials to engineers, scientists, and researchers as an alternative reinforcement for biocomposites. In this study, polylactic acid/abutilon natural straw biocomposites with various abutilon straw weight fractions were prepared by melt blending. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results showed a significant influence of the abutilon straw on the melting behavior of PLA, even at the low abutilon straw contents. The dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that the storage modulus, as well as tan delta of the biocomposites, increased when the abutilon straw content increases, which indicates better interaction between abutilon natural straw and PLA. The incorporation of abutilon straw into biocomposites provided favorable changes in rheology related to the matrix. SEM observation revealed good dispersion of the abutilon straw in PLA.
Effects of BSF on Podocyte Apoptosis via Regulating the ROS-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway in DN
Authors: Cui Fang-qiang , Wang Yue-Fen , Gao Yan-bin , Meng Yuan , Cai Zhen , Shen Cun , Liu Zhi-qiang , Jiang Xin-can , Zhao Wen-jing
Published: December 2019

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway plays a key role in podocyte apoptosis and DN progression. Our previous study demonstrated that Baoshenfang (BSF) can decrease proteinuria and attenuate podocyte injury. However, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis induced by the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway remain unclear. Herein, in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed. In our in vivo study, BSF significantly decreased 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in DN mice. Meanwhile, BSF significantly inhibited oxidative stress and podocyte apoptosis in our in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, BSF significantly decreased the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway induced by HG in DN. More importantly, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis were reversed by PI3K siRNA transfection. In conclusion, BSF can decrease proteinuria and podocyte apoptosis in DN, in part through regulating the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway.
Ontogenetic changes in the ventral colouration of post metamorphic Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer, Vaira, 2013 (Anura: Microhylidae)
Authors: Bueno-Villafañe Diego , Caballlero-Gini Andrea , Ferreira Marcela , Netto Flavia , Fernández Ríos Danilo , Brusquetti Francisco
Published: December 2019

Ontogenetic colour change (OCC) is defined as the progressive and non-reversible process of changes in colouration of organisms associated with their development. Among the many vertebrate groups, amphibians are particularly impressive for their strikingly wide variety of colours, colour patterns, and signals, whose evolutionary and ecological significance have been poorly studied. Elachistocleis comprises 18 species currently separated into two main groups based on their ventral colour pattern: one immaculate and the other with specks and/or colour patches. Elachistocleis haroi is a small-sized species within the immaculate venter group, distributed in the Yungas and Dry Chaco ecoregions from which little information is known. In a comprehensive sampling of post-metamorphic individuals of E. haroi at different stages of development we identified a significant variation in ventral colour pattern, which could denote a progressive filling of yellow colour according to an ontogenetic pattern. To test this hypothesis, we analysed 39 post-metamorphic individuals of E. haroi at different stages of development with imaging procedures. We found that yellow spots and their intensity are significantly related to snout-vent length, as major expansion of colour on the sides, gular region and male chest, as almost no development on the belly. We briefly discuss our findings in relation to sexual display and predation avoidance. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of post-metamorphic OCC in ventral colouration in the genus Elachistocleis.
Criminal Process faced with the Challenges of Scientific and Technological Development
Authors: Caianiello Michele
Published: December 2019

This work examines some current-time challenges to the basic principles concerning fact-finding in criminal proceedings. The starting point of the analysis is that, no matter the theoretical model adopted in a criminal justice system, the essence of fair trial is that each party shall enjoy an effective chance to tell its story and to challenge the story and the theses proposed by the counterparts.

This approach to criminal proceedings, that we can synthetically define as inspired by the art of doubt, seems nowadays under attack, because of the recent developments at the scientific and technological levels, and of their implication to fact-finding models at trial. In particular, in a cultural and legal framework showing a decreasing sensitivity to the rights of the defence, the “doubt-based” or Socratic traditional approach seems defied by three factors: the digital revolution; the raise and spreading use of neurosciences; and the increasing employment of artificial intelligence in adjudicating cases. The thesis here submitted is that the traditional bases of fact-finding at trial can endure even against these challenges, as far as lawyers and scholars will be able to keep a critical and doubt-oriented approach to the new scientific and digital evidentiary instruments made available by the current development of technology.
The Acquittal (After Pretrial Detention) – a Rare but Fascinating Phenomenon of the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Kurlemann Peter J. , Kinzig Jörg
Published: December 2019

The acquittal leads – compared to other phenomena – a shadowy existence in German criminal law and criminological science. A research team from the Institute of Criminology in Tübingen investigated criminal proceedings where the accused were held in pretrial detention before eventually being acquitted and categorized and described the proceedings from various perspectives utilising a multidisciplinary approach. The article deals with the role of doubt in such proceedings and the way in which so-called “second class acquittals” are expressed in written judgements. Furthermore, this article, besides providing an overview of exemplary main results, aims to inspire the scholarly community to pay more attention to acquittal decisions taken in different parts of criminal procedures, also within a comparative perspective.
Précis of Unbelievable Errors
Authors: Streumer Bart
Published: December 2019

In Unbelievable Errors, I defend an error theory about all normative judgments, I argue that we cannot believe this theory, and I argue that our inability to believe this theory makes the theory more likely to be true. This précis gives a brief overview of my arguments for the error theory.
Response to Hattiangadi, Evers, and Tiefensee
Authors: Streumer Bart
Published: December 2019

I argue that Hattiangadi’s, Evers’ and Tiefensee’s objections to my arguments for the error theory in Unbelievable Errors fail.
Combining Microhistorical and Field Theory Approaches
Authors: Salter Elisabeth
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this article is to explore the frictions and potentials endemic in combining microhistorical and field theory approaches, using popular religion in England in the long fifteenth century as an example. In two case studies, concerning basic catechetical texts and the last wills and testaments created by a wide spectrum of the population, the article analyzes how micro- and macro-historical investigation can be tied together. Crucially, micro examples do not simply illustrate but rather add to our knowledge of the general picture. Where micro examples offer a corrective to a general picture there is potential for friction. However, the article also proposes that it is valuable to use Bourdieusian concepts of the cultural field to inventorize the micro evidence in the process of understanding historical situations and transitions more broadly.
The International Union of Social Studies of Malines and the Catholic Cultural Turn
Authors: Bosschaert Dries
Published: December 2019

The present article argues that the unexpected end of the Union de Malines’ Code de morale culturelle, an international collaboration of prominent twentieth-century Catholic moral theologians, should be attributed to three shifts in Catholic Social Teaching, only the first two of which the Union de Malines managed to undergo: from scholastic hegemony to theological diversity, from social doctrine to personalism, and from a juridical style of writing to a humanistic one. Particularly this last shift, introduced by the Second Vatican Council, proved to be a too big a leap for the Union, understood as a ‘little social tradition,’ to take. The cultural turn, which the Union de Malines had in fact anticipated, proved by the end of the council to belong to the future.
Greek στωμύλος ‘chatty’
Authors: Vine Brent
Published: December 2019

Gk. στωμύλος ‘chatty’ (Old Com.+) belongs with στόμα ‘mouth’; yet the serious formal problem with the -ω-, often acknowledged, remains without explanation. Part of the conundrum: despite the connection with στόμα (a synchronic n-stem and historically a men-stem), an n-stem or men-stem basis for στωμύλος is not workable. Two different solutions, however, can be proposed, on the basis of hitherto neglected Greek data; these point to the existence of forms that can support analyses in terms of vr̥ddhi (Solution #1) or in terms of a different type of morphological lengthened grade (Solution #2). These analyses, in turn, may shed light on the anomalous o-grade of Gk. στόμα itself, with broader implications for the study of PIE nominal morphology.
Hauchumsprung and the historical phonology of Greek *h
Authors: Sayeed Ollie
Published: December 2019

Ancient Greek underwent a sporadic sound change that copied an *h from the second syllable of a word to the first syllable, applying when the first syllable was vowel-initial, and perhaps also when it was stop-initial; this complements the analyses proposed so far in Greek historical phonology, particularly Sturm (2016, 2017), in accounting for the various sources of Proto-Greek *h. This change, Hauchumsprung, is unusual among recorded sound changes for involving the copying of a consonant over intervening material. Hauchumsprung, the φρουρᾱ́ rule, and Grassmann’s Law can be unified as three different footprints of a single sound change: one that copied aspiration from the middle of a word to the beginning of a word in early Greek.
The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence
Authors: Peyrot Michaël
Published: December 2019

Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas’evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas’evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.
On the homonymy of ‘put’ and ‘suck’ in Proto-Indo-European
Authors: de Vaan Michiel
Published: December 2019

PIE *dheh1- ‘to put, make’ and *dheh1-(i-) ‘to suck (mother’s milk)’ look like two separate verbal roots with a very different meaning, which happen to be homonymous. Yet recent investigations have shown that the morphological behaviour of both verbs is more similar than was previously thought. This article offers a re-evaluation of the evidence and explores the options to bridge the semantic gap between ‘put’ and ‘suck’.
A Harvard Physician’s Reports on an 1857 Visit to the Saamaka
Authors: Price Richard , Willoughby Christopher D.E.
Published: December 2019

In 1857, Harvard professor and anatomist Jeffries Wyman traveled to Suriname to collect specimens for his museum at Harvard (later the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, founded in 1866 and curated by Wyman). Though his main interest concerned amphibians, he had a secondary interest in ethnology and, apparently, a desire to demonstrate current theories of racial “degeneration” among the African-descended population, particularly the “Bush Negroes.” This research note presents a letter he wrote his sister from Suriname, excerpts from his field diary, and sketches he made while visiting the Saamaka and Saa Kiiki Ndyuka. Wyman’s brief account of his visit suggests that Saamakas’ attitudes toward outside visitors (whether scientists, missionaries, or government officials) remained remarkable stable, from the time of the 1762 peace treaty until the Suriname civil war of the 1980s.
Kreyòl anba Duvalier, 1957–1986
Authors: Robertshaw Matthew
Published: December 2019

The Duvalier presidencies were a devastating chapter in the history of Haiti. There is, however, one aspect of Haitian society that went through unexpected progress in the midst of these despotic regimes. Haitian Creole has long been excluded from formal and written contexts, despite being the only language common to all Haitians. The debate over whether Creole should be used in formal contexts for the sake of the country’s development and democratization began in earnest at the start of the twentieth century but was far from being resolved when François Duvalier came to power in 1957. Surprisingly, perceptions of Creole changed drastically during the Duvalier era, so that by the time Jean-Claude Duvalier fell from power in 1986 the status of Creole had improved markedly, so much that it had become typical for Haitians to use the language, along with French, in virtually all contexts.
Toward an Archeological Reconstruction of the Xia Dynasty as History: Delineations and Methods
Authors: Sun Qingwei , Van den Stock Ady
Published: December 2019

In a broad sense, the term “Xia culture” means the culture of the Xia dynasty [ca. 2100-1600 BCE] period. In a narrower sense, however, it refers to the culture of the Xiahou 夏后 clan of the mythical founder Yu 禹. In much of the contemporary research, the question of the primary ethnic affiliation of Xia culture is often overlooked and obscured, thus blurring the distinction between Xia culture in the broad and narrow senses. This has resulted in considerable conceptual and epistemological imprecision. Research on Xia culture can be conducted in two main ways: on the one hand, what has been called “metropolitan conjecture” and, on the other, cultural comparison. Departing from the method of cultural comparison and bringing together temporal, spatial, and cultural elements in our analysis allows us to distinguish a primary central area within the “region of Yu” that coincides with Xia culture in the narrow sense, as reflected in later phases of the Wangwan 王灣 and Meishan 煤山 regional subtypes of Longshan culture [Longshan wenhua 龍山文化], from the later phases of the various archaeological remains found within a secondary and tertiary central area, which can be included in the category of Xia culture in a broad sense. Erlitou 二里頭 culture should be regarded principally as part of Xia culture. As such, the Meishan and Wangwan subtypes of Henan Longshan culture, along with the first to the fourth phases of Erlitou culture, can be seen as making up a consistent Xia culture.
Editorial Introduction: Re-envisioning Education in a Globalizing World
Authors: Saito Hiro
Published: December 2019

This special issue focuses on education as a crucial factor mediating the relationship between youth and globalization. Specifically, four papers collectively explore how education can be re-envisioned from the following vantage point: the use of technology to foreground the fundamentally interconnected nature of today’s world; the help of mindfulness to deepen the awareness of such interconnectedness and cultivate a commitment to collective well-being; the role of activism to produce more critical knowledge and transformational solidarity for social justice on a global scale; at the same time, the necessity of reflexivity to examine one’s own ontological and epistemological assumptions before attempting any educational intervention. I argue that this vantage point helps re-envision the existing institutions and practices of education to encourage young people in a globalizing world to learn to live a happy life together by embracing their pluriversal coexistence.
Mindful Mindset, Interconnectedness and Dignity
Authors: Mahalingam Ramaswami
Published: December 2019

There is a growing body of mindfulness research documenting the beneficial aspects of mindfulness to improve one’s psychological well-being. However, mindfulness research is also criticized for reducing mindfulness to a self-enhancement tool without sufficient engagement with issues of interconnectedness and growing health and income disparities. Drawing inspiration from Buddhism, social justice, critical theory and labor studies, I propose a mindful mindset framework with a specific focus on dignity to address this critique of using mindfulness merely as a self-enhancement tool. The mindful mindset has seven interrelated features: (a) compassion; (b) sympathetic joy; (c) situated intersectional awareness; (d) negative capability; (e) cultural humility; (f) wonder; and (g) generosity. A mindful mindset fosters interconnectedness so that we engage with our lives with a deeper commitment to dignity. Dignity as an embodied praxis has three components: personal, intersubjective and processual. Further, I discuss the relevance of mindful mindset and dignity for the well-being of youth.
From ‘Geopolitics of Being’ towards Inter-being: Envisioning the ‘In/visibles’ in the Globalization of Higher Education
Authors: Shahjahan Riyad A.
Published: December 2019

Amid growing debates about globalization of higher education (HE), an analysis of the onto-epistemic grammar underlying the articulation of this global phenomenon remains absent. This essay posits that our understanding of the nature of globalization of HE cannot be separated from questions of a) emotions, b) temporality, and c) ontology. Drawing on the extant literature on globalization of HE to date and personal experiences, it demonstrates the efficacy of these above three concepts, and argues that our understanding of globalization of HE insidiously perpetuates a geopolitics of being, and constrains us from knowing/embodying inter-being. It suggests pursuing inter-being as alternatives to fixed notions of human progress and coloniality of knowledge embedded in the prevailing onto-epistemic grammar. By refusing to tame uncertainty or provide ‘probable outcomes’, this essay intends to provoke and imagine alternative ways of knowing/being.
Student-Athletes’ Motivation and Identity: Variation Among Brazilian and Portuguese University Student-Athletes
Authors: Quinaud Ricardo T. , Fernandes Ana , Gonçalves Carlos E. , Carvalho Humberto M.
Published: December 2019

This study examined the variation of student-athletes’ identity and motivation across Portuguese and Brazilian universities, accounting for variation in gender, student-athletes’ training hours per week, sports level, student-athletes status within each university, and university type. We initially established the validity of the Baller Identity Measurement Scale questionnaire and the Student-Athletes’ Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire-based observations among 441 Brazilian and Portuguese student-athletes. Then, the validated version of the questionnaires was applied to a total sample of 765 student-athletes from Brazil (n= 568) and Portugal (n = 197). We further considered individual (hours of training and student-athlete status) and contextual characteristics (university type and country). Multilevel regression and poststratification were used to estimate each student-athlete identity and motivation as a function of his or her individual and contextual characteristics. Overall, the predictions showed that cultural (country), academic (type of university), and athletic (training hours) context likely have a substantial influence on student-athletes’ identity and motivation.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Sex Trading Among High-Risk Substance-Involved Women Under Community Supervision in New York City
Authors: Jiwatram-Negrón Tina , Shaw Stacey , Ma Xin , El-Bassel Nabila , Gilbert Louisa
Published: December 2019

This article examines the prevalence of and factors associated with sex trading among a high-risk sample of 337 substance-involved women in community corrections enrolled in an HIV risk reduction study in New York City, using baseline data. Forty percent of the sample reported trading sex for money, food, drugs, or other resources in the prior 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed significant associations among age, ethnic minority status, marital status, prior mental health hospitalization, binge drinking, and having recently been in jail/prison and sex trading ( p < .05). Women who reported that both they and their partner recently (past 90 days) used crack/cocaine or that their partner recently used crack/cocaine were more likely to report sex trading than women who reported that neither they nor their partner recently used crack/cocaine ( p < .05). Study findings underscore an urgent need for multipronged intervention efforts that simultaneously address multilevel risk exposures.
The Political Economy of Lulism and Its Aftermath
Authors: Braga Ruy , Barbosa dos Santos Fábio Luis
Published: December 2019

President Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment should be framed as part of the crisis of the Lulist mode of regulation of social conflict. The Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party—PT) presidencies lost their functionality from the standpoint of the interests of the traditional ruling classes of the country, led by the financial sector. The breakdown of Lulism was the exhaustion of the mediation between the predatory aspirations of the Brazilian bourgeoisie and the rights and aspirations of workers. This exhaustion was first evident in June 2013 and became acute in the subsequent years as the government was confronted with economic crises and corruption scandals. The Temer administration’s open confrontation of the working class pointed to a return of workers’ living conditions to the nineteenth century, but these measures reflected not a turning point but simply an acceleration of the pace of the prevailing politics. The collaboration of the ruling PT in confusing, calming, and alienating the popular classes helps explain the negligible popular reaction to the impeachment, the antipopular assault led by Temer, and Lula’s arrest.

O impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff deve ser enquadrado como parte da crise do modo lulista de regulamentação dos conflitos sociais. As presidências do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) perderam sua funcionalidade do ponto de vista dos interesses das classes dominantes tradicionais do país, lideradas pelo setor financeiro. O colapso do lulismo foi o esgotamento da mediação entre as aspirações predatórias da burguesia brasileira e os direitos e aspirações dos trabalhadores. Essa exaustão ficou evidente pela primeira vez em junho de 2013 e se tornou aguda nos anos seguintes, quando o governo foi confrontado com crises econômicas e escândalos de corrupção. O confronto aberto do governo Temer com a classe trabalhadora apontou para o retorno das condições de vida dos trabalhadores ao século XIX, mas essas medidas refletiram não um ponto de virada, mas simplesmente uma aceleração do ritmo das políticas vigentes. A colaboração do PT no poder de confundir, acalmar e alienar as classes populares ajuda a explicar a insignificante reação popular ao impeachment, o ataque antipopular liderado por Temer e a prisão de Lula.
Overcoming data limitations to obtain migration flows for ASEAN countries
Authors: Raymer James , Guan Qing , Ha Jasmine Trang
Published: December 2019

This paper seeks to provide a better understanding of international migration among the ten countries constituting the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In reviewing the data, we identify several major issues concerning the availability of data, consistency in definitions of migration, and a general absence of many of the important migration categories needed to understand the movements. We propose an adaptation of the multiplicative component model framework to first estimate total immigration and total emigration for each ASEAN country from 2000 to 2015, borrowing information from 34 other countries in the world. Second, bilateral flows are estimated using a range of auxiliary information on the interactions among ASEAN countries and constraining them to the total immigration and total emigration estimates. The result is a complete and consistent account of migration flows that allows one to examine how migration has coincided with rapid demographic and economic change in the region.