bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de la Educación Secundaria durante la primera mitad del siglo XX en Chile:
Authors: Caiceo Escudero Jaime
Published: November 2020

Durante la primera mitad del siglo XX en Chile se consolida la educación primaria con la dictación de la Ley de Instrucción Primaria Obligatoria (1920) y se inicia el desarrollo sostenido de la educación secundaria con la creación del Liceo Experimental Manuel de Salas en 1932 y la Reforma Gradual de la Educación Secundaria a partir de 1946 con la fundación de los Liceos Renovados. Detrás de estos avances significativos del sistema educacional chileno se encontraban las ideas del pedagogo John Dewey, traídas a Chile por Darío Salas; lucharon por su implementación, entre otros, el propio Salas, Amanda Labarca e Irma Salas, todos de mentalidad laicista; sin embargo, hubo un aporte importante de San Alberto Hurtado, sj, quien “cristianizó” la pedagogía de Dewey en su tesis doctoral en Lovaina (1935). El objetivo de este artículo es exponer la reforma mencionada, siguiendo la metodología histórica.
jornais dos alunos do liceu maranhense (1907-1930)
Authors: Castro Cesar Augusto , Furtado Luciana Nathalia Morais , Castellnos Samuel Luís Velazquez
Published: November 2020

Apresenta os discursos dos alunos liceístas nos jornais estudantis maranhenses no período de 1907 a 1930 a fim de identificar e analisar a dinâmica escolar e as representações sobre o cotidiano do ensino secundário.. Para tanto, este estudo baseia-se  no  mapeamento e na análise dos seguintes jornais: O Progresso (1907); O Brazil (1907); O Canhoto (1912-1914); Excelsior (1914); O Estudante (1915); Lábaro (1921); Alma Nova (1929) e o Sangue Jovem (1930). O estudo da imprensa periódica educacional liceísta possibilitou compreender as ideias sobre o desenvolvimento do país, a criação de escolas e a implantação de métodos  na instrução pública secundária maranhense. Contatou-se que os jornais escritos pelos alunos do Liceu se configuraram como um importante veículo de identidade e de  resistência entre o ideal e o concreto vivenciado pelos estudantes dessa instituição.
Rio, cidade-capital e a expansão do ensino secundário (1940-1960)
Authors: Costa Patrícia Coelho , Soares Jefferson Costa
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta um recorte analítico sobre a expansão do ensino secundário no Distrito Federal, entre os anos 1940 e 1950. A partir dos aspectos que caracterizaram a capitalidade do município do Rio de Janeiro neste período, as análises aqui propostas privilegiaram as relações centro-periferia. O estudo relacionou o processo de metropolização com a expansão do ensino secundário, com o objetivo de compreender como a nova organização do espaço desta cidade influenciou a distribuição das oportunidades educacionais aos seus moradores. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa utilizou como metodologia a interpretação de dados estatísticos entrecruzados com informações sobre os bairros cariocas publicadas em periódicos de grande circulação. Foi possível concluir que a expansão do ensino secundário carioca obedeceu a mesma lógica do capital imobiliário, que atendeu aos moradores dos bairros com maior poder aquisitivo, e restringiu as oportunidades de escolarização secundária para os residentes dos distritos mais distantes e pobres da cidade, reforçando a desigualdade social.
Reescrita historiográfica da educação secundária em mato grosso (2000-2018)
Authors: Silva Fabiany de Cássia Tavres , Pessanha Eurize Caldas , Brito Silvia Helena Andrade de
Published: November 2020

Neste texto tomamos como fontes e objetos dissertações na investigação da educação secundária regionalizada, defendidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação nos estados de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. Para as análises pretendidas, buscamos identificar a presença (ou ausência) do diálogo com a historiografia consagrada e/ou analítica da historicidade. Para tanto, incursionamos pela versão da comparação nominada “estudos comparados” que, no contexto da história da educação, problematiza a ‘interpretação/representação do eu-outro’, provocando rompimentos, no caso da História, com o conceito cronológico de tempo e, no caso da Educação Comparada, com o conceito geográfico de espaço. Em conclusão, a reescrita historiográfica aponta a necessidade de aprofundamentos e desdobramentos dos aspectos singulares da regionalidade, que mantêm conexão e alimentam interdependências entre si e na relação com práticas políticas, econômicas, culturais e educativas.
Centros Integrados de Educação na Bahia
Authors: Santos Edna Pinheiro , De Menezes Jaci Maria Ferraz
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo traçar a análise de uma experiência educativa para o ensino secundário na cidade de Salvador/Bahia na década de 1960 sendo considerada inovadora no período em que foram construídas. Os Centros Integrados de Educação, dando destaque ao Centro Integrado Anísio Teixeira, foi uma escola com funcionamento de forma integral, da educação primária ao secundário com cursos técnicos profissionalizantes e em tempo integral cujo foco era o de dar a crianças e jovens uma educação completa, nessa perspectiva os objetivos por ela determinados seriam: uma educação que auxiliasse o indivíduo não apenas quanto aos aspectos cognitivos ou intelectuais, mas também no seu desenvolvimento como um todo e na formação para o trabalho. Para isto serão aqui analisadas as bases teóricas que as justificam, a Escola Única, seus precursores e como estas foram transpostas para a realidade baiana. Será analisada também a experiência dos Centros Integrados com suas especificidades e como eles foram de fato efetivados segundo os participantes diretos das experiências educacionais – ex-professores e ex-alunos – e por fim identificar qual a importância da mesma para a História da Educação secundária na Bahia em seu tempo e para a atualidade, ou seja, o seu legado enquanto experiência educacional inovadora.
Além do exame de admissão:
Authors: Chiozzini Daniel Ferraz , Andrade Nadia Arabadgi de
Published: November 2020

O caráter elitista do ensino secundário, marcado historicamente pelo acesso restrito a pequena parcela da população, está indubitavelmente associadoà restrição proporcionada pelo exame de admissão, que selecionava apenas egressos do ensino primário de melhor desempenho. No caso do estado deSão Paulo, assistimos também a um lento processo de expansão iniciado em 1930 e associado à construção de novas escolas. Este artigo investiga como apopulação do estado, concomitantemente a esse processo, mobilizou-se para reivindicar o direito à escola secundária e a resposta dada pelas autoridadesda época. Foi analisada documentação remanescente da Secretaria de Estado da Educação e da Saúde Pública produzida entre os anos de 1930 a 1942,como correspondências, requerimentos e abaixo-assinados. Concluiu-se que a população estava submetida a um caminho que envolvia diferentes instânciasburocráticas e, frequentemente, suas reivindicações paravam em decisões autocráticas da Secretaria. O processo de expansão, por sua vez, não só foiinsuficiente para atender a demanda, como foi subsidiado pela cobrança de taxas que mantiveram a população menos favorecida fora da escola.
Активационно-туннельная динамика протяженных систем в периодическом потенциальном рельефе
Authors: Петухов Б.В.
Published: November 2020

The dynamics of systems in barrier structures is determined by the rate of fluctuation decay of metastable states in intermediate minima of the potential relief. When the temperature decreases, thermal fluctuations freeze out and are replaced by quantum ones, which leads to a kind of phase transition in the dynamics. The nature of this transition in various systems is analogous to either the second or first kind of transition. The transition temperature depends on the degree of metastability, and can be controlled by an external load. The purpose of this work is to calculate this dependence for an extended system in a tilted periodic relief of the "washboard" type in a wide range of load changes.
Zitterbewegung электронов и высокочастотная проводимость однослойного графена при низких температурах
Authors: Фирсова Н.Е. , Ктиторов С.А.
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрено Zitterbewegung (дрожательное движение) дираковских электронов в однослойном графене как нерелятивистский аналог явления, предсказанного Э. Шредингером для релятивистских электронов в свободном пространстве. Показано, что дираковские электроны монослойного графена испытывают быстрые флуктуации положения вокруг среднего значения с довольно высокой частотой, но значительно меньшей, чем у релятивистских электронов в свободном пространстве. Изучена связь между Zitterbewegung волнового пакета электронов проводимости, образованного распределением Ферми-Дирака, и низкотемпературной высокочастотной комплексной проводимостью монослойного графена. Показано, что при низких температурах электромагнитные резонансные свойства монослойного графена выше порога можно моделировать с помощью набора эквивалентных электрических колебательных контуров ("осцилляторов") так, что всегда находитcя такой, который резонирует и порождает активную проводимость. Это полезно для того, чтобы придать наглядность электромагнитным процессам, что особенно важно для включения графена в микро- и наноэлектронные системы. В частности, полученные результаты могут быть полезны при разработке вопроса о создании графеновой наноантенны. Ключевые слова: уравнение Дирака, Zitterbewegung колебательное движение, колебательный контур.
Email Consultations Between Patients and Doctors in Primary Care: Content Analysis
Authors: Atherton Helen , Boylan Anne-Marie , Eccles Abi , Fleming Joanna , Goyder Clare R , Morris Rebecca L
Published: November 2020

Background

Increasingly, consultations in health care settings are conducted remotely using a range of communication technologies. Email allows for 2-way text-based communication, occurring asynchronously. Studies have explored the content and nature of email consultations to understand the use, structure, and function of email consultations. Most previous content analyses of email consultations in primary care settings have been conducted in North America, and these have shown that concerns and assumptions about how email consultations work have not been realized. There has not been a UK-based content analysis of email consultations.

Objective

This study aims to explore and delineate the content of consultations conducted via email in English general practice by conducting a content analysis of email consultations between general practitioners (GPs) and patients.

Methods

We conducted a content analysis of anonymized email consultations between GPs and patients in 2 general practices in the United Kingdom. We examined the descriptive elements of the correspondence to ascertain when the emails were sent, the number of emails in an email consultation, and the nature of the content. We used a normative approach to analyze the content of the email consultations to explore the use and function of email consultation.

Results

We obtained 100 email consultations from 85 patients, which totaled 262 individual emails. Most email users were older than 40 years, and over half of the users were male. The email consultations were mostly short and completed in a few days. Emails were mostly sent and received during the day. The emails were mostly clinical in content rather than administrative and covered a wide range of clinical presentations. There were 3 key themes to the use and function of the email consultations: the role of the GP and email consultation, the transactional nature of an email consultation, and the operationalization of an email consultation.

Conclusions

Most cases where emails are used to have a consultation with a patient in general practice have a shorter consultation, are clinical in nature, and are resolved quickly. GPs approach email consultations using key elements similar to that of the face-to-face consultation; however, using email consultations has the potential to alter the role of the GP, leading them to engage in more administrative tasks than usual. Email consultations were not a replacement for face-to-face consultations.
Co-Design to Support the Development of Inclusive eHealth Tools for Caregivers of Functionally Dependent Older Persons: Social Justice Design
Authors: Latulippe Karine , Hamel Christine , Giroux Dominique
Published: November 2020

Background

eHealth can help reduce social health inequalities (SHIs) as much as it can exacerbate them. Taking a co-design approach to the development of eHealth tools has the potential to ensure that these tools are inclusive. Although the importance of involving future users in the development of eHealth tools to reduce SHIs is highlighted in the scientific literature, the challenges associated with their participation question the benefits of this involvement as co-designers in a real-world context.

Objective

On the basis of Amartya Sen’s theoretical framework of social justice, the aim of this study is to explore how co-design can support the development of an inclusive eHealth tool for caregivers of functionally dependent older persons.

Methods

This study is based on a social justice design and participant observation as part of a large-scale research project funded by the Ministry of Families as part of the Age-Friendly Quebec Program (Québec Ami des Aînés). The analysis was based on the method developed by Miles and Huberman and on Paillé’s analytical questioning method.

Results

A total of 78 people participated in 11 co-design sessions in 11 Quebec regions. A total of 24 preparatory meetings and 11 debriefing sessions were required to complete this process. Co-designers participated in the creation of a prototype to support the search for formal services for caregivers. The majority of participants (except for 2) significantly contributed to the tool’s designing. They also incorporated conversion factors to ensure the inclusiveness of the eHealth tool, such as an adequate level of digital literacy and respect for the caregiver’s help-seeking process. In the course of the experiment, the research team’s position regarding its role in co-design evolved from a neutral posture and promoting co-designer participation to one that was more pragmatic.

Conclusions

The use of co-design involving participants at risk of SHIs does not guarantee innovation, but it does guarantee that the tool developed will comply with their process of help-seeking and their literacy level. Time issues interfere with efforts to carry out a democratic process in its ideal form. It would be useful to single out some key issues to guide researchers on what should be addressed in co-design discussions and what can be left out to make optimal use of this approach in a real-world context.
Regional Internet Access and Mental Stress among University Students: A Representative Nationwide Study of China (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Shuhan , Zhang Weifang , Yang Tingzhong , Wu Dan , Yu Lingwei , Cottrell Randall R
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The Internet changed the lives of average citizens in the early part of the 21st century, and it has now become an essential part of daily life. Many studies reported that Internet use is positively correlated with psychological and mental problems, included depression, loneliness, and stress. Previous studies examining Internet use and mental health were confined to local and community subpopulations, and limited at the individual level, which increases the potential bias from selection effect at a different level. Regional variables were stable estimate of people’s socioeconomic and culture environments and how these variables affect mental health needed to be studied.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between regional variables, especially reginal Internet access, and mental stress among university students, which will provide more reliable results considering people’s socioeconomic and culture environments

METHODS

Participants were 11,954 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 universities. Regional Internet access was retrieved from a national database, and mental stress was measured using perceived stress scale. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses.

RESULTS

More than one third 36.9% (95% CI: 24.4%–49.5%) of university students in this study suffered from high mental stress. The base multilevel logistic regression model found grades, university type, and city populations were significantly related to students’ mental stress, and in the full model, regional website subscribers were negatively associated with students’ mental stress.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provided directive evidences that regional Internet access contributes to students’ mental health. The information from this study could be helpful to those responsible for establishing Internet policy on campuses and to those who work with students experiencing high levels of stress and anxiety.
Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of mandelic acid with Bi(V) in phosphoric acid medium
Authors:   Teacher of Chemistry 1Moh.- Hanumanganj Mishratola, P.O.- Lalbagh, Dist.- Darbhanga (Bihar) - 846004 (India), JHA MUKESH KUMAR , KUMAR AVINASH ,   Moh.- Bela-dulla, P.O.- Lalbagh, Dist.- Darbhanga (Bihar) - 846004 (India)
Published: November 2020

The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of Mandelic acid with Bi(V) has been investigated in phosphoric acid medium. The order with respect to substrate and oxidant each is one. The reaction rate is independent of [H+] ion as well as [Bi(III)]. The reaction rate decreases with increasing ionic strength indicating reactive species of opposite charge. The simple rate law explained all the experimental observations. The mode of electron transfer from the substrate to Bi(V) has been indicated is a bridged outer sphere mechanism.
Studies on the effect of Aquo-Dioxan Solvent System on the biochemical behaviour of the Substituted Valerates
Authors:   Dept. of Chemistry, V. K. S. University, Ara (India), KUMARI SUSHMA
Published: November 2020

Valerates and Substituted Valerates have been found to be useful for humanbeings as its hydrolysis product i.e. valence acid is used in the society in the form of perfumes flavours platister, vinyl stabilizer and pharmaceuyicals. With a views to study the solvent effect of 1:4 dioxan on the biochemical behivour of the hydrolysis product of a substituted valerate, the kinetic of Alkali catalysed of mothyl iso-valerate was studies in aquodioxan media. Increase observed in free energy activation with simultaneous increase in the value of both the activation H* and S*, it is concluded that in the presence of dioxan with reaction media, the reaction becomes enthaipy dominating and entropy controlled. From the evaluated values of the reaction which comes to be 329.0, it is inferred that Barclay-Butler rule is obeyed by the reaction and there is strong solvent- solute interaction in presence of dioxan the reaction media.
Studies on the effect of Dielectric constants of Aquo-DMF Solvent- System of the Solvolysis Products of Nicotinates
Authors:   Research Scholar, Dept of chemistry V.K.S. University, Ara, KUMARI RENU , SINGH R.T. ,   Professor and HOD Chemistry & The Dean of the Faculty of V.K.S. University, Ara
Published: November 2020

From the eenhancement observed in G* values with simultaneous decrease in the values of H and S* of the reaction, it is concluded that the organic co-solvent dimethyl formamide (DMF) acts as entropy controller and enthalpy stimulator solvent for alkali catalysed solvolysis of Methyl nicotinate. Form the evaluated values of water molecules associated with the activated complex of the reaction which are found to increase with increase in the temperature of the reaction, it is inferred that the bimolecular mechanistic path is changed to unimolecular in presence of the organic component (DMF) of the reaction media. The numerical value of Iso-Kinetic temperature of the reaction which comes to be nearly 287.5 (below 300) indicates that there is weak but considerable solvent-solute interaction in the aquo-DMF solvent system.
Complete set of Genera of Compact Riemann Surfaces with reference to the point Group of Sulphur (S8) Molecule
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat-785007 (India), ISLAM RAFIQUL , CHUTIA CHANDRA ,   Department of Mathematics, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat (India)
Published: November 2020

In this paper we consider the group of symmetries of the Sulphur molecule (S8 ) which is a finite point group of order 16 denote by D16 generated by two elements having the presentation { u\upsilon/u2= \upsilon8 = (u\upsilon)2 = 1} and find the complete set of genera (g ≥ 2) of Compact Riemann surfaces on which D16 acts as a group of automorphisms as follows: D16 the group of symmetries of the sulphur (S8) molecule of order 16 acts as an automorphism group of a compact Riemann surfaces of genus g ≥ 2 if and only if there are integers \lambda and \mu such that \lambda \leq 1 and \mu \geq 1 and g=\lambda +8\mu (\geq2) , \mu\geq |\lambda|
The Effect of Using English-Only and English-Arabic on the Grammar Achievement of EFL Undergraduates at Hashemite University in Jordan
Authors: Obeidat Mohammed M. , Mohideen Arqam M.
Published: November 2020

Second language (L2) teaching and learning and the use of first language (L1) in the EFL classroom are debatable issues among educationists, specialists, and researchers. Some of them argue that L2 should be taught through L2 and others contend that L1 should be used as a support for L2. As a result of this controversy, the researchers have decided to conduct this study to investigate the impact of using English-only and English-Arabic on the grammar achievement of undergraduate EFL students. The research instrument used was a pre-post-test developed by the researchers. Two groups were randomly chosen: The experimental group was taught by using English-only whereas the control group was taught through English-Arabic. The variables used and may affect the findings of the study are: school-type, study-year, and Grade Point Average (GPA). Results of the study showed statistical difference in the means of students’ scores, in favor of the control group, private-school students and higher achievers. However, they revealed no statistical difference according to study-year.
SKINCARE CREAM PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF PARE (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) LEAVES USING THREE DIFFERENCE BASE
Authors: INDRAWATI TETI , HAJARD ISMAYANTI , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA
Published: November 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research is to make a skincare cream that contains bioactive from Momordica charantia leaves (MCL) using three kinds of base cream.

Methods: The dried MCL made into powder shape and then extracted using 96% ethanol solvent. The liquid extract was evaporated using a vacuum evaporator until obtained by the viscous extract. The Momordica charantia leaves ethanol extract (MEE) with a concentration of 4.00% made into a cosmetic product used vanishing, cold, and hand and body cream as a base. Creams made by mixing the oil phase and water phase at 70 °C until cream mass formed, then added MEE at 40 °C. All the product creams were evaluated their physical and chemical characteristics and stability tested.

Results: Cream of Momordica charantia leaf ethanol extract had semisolid form, yellowish color, the peculiar smell of Momordica charantia ethanol extract, homogeneous, pH 6.37-6.67, easily spread with spreading ability 2,081.21-2,835.43 mm2, has viscosity 125,000-18,0000 cps and stable 3 mo in a room and 60 °C temperature storage.

Conclusion: Momordica charantia leaves can be made become a good cream for skincare cosmetics that more beneficial and profitable than as waste. This skincare creams using vanishing base cream, cold cream, and hand and body cream as base creams.
FORMULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT GEL FROM STANDARDIZED GREEN CINCAU (CYCLEA BARBATA L. MIERS) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Authors: GANGGA ERLINDHA , FARIDA YUNAHARA , KARTININGSIH
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this study to develop an antioxidant gel from standardized green cincau (Cyclea barbata L. Miers) ethanolic extracts.

Methods: The standardized extract of green cincau (Cyclea barbata L. Miers) ethanolic extracts were formulated as active ingredients of antioxidant gel. The dried leaf of Cyclea barbata L Miers was extracted with ethanol 70%. The extract was analyzed its phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity with DPPH methods. The extract was used as active ingredients of antioxidant gel. The gels were evaluated physically and chemically, such as organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity and rheology, spreadability, pH test, antioxidant activity, and analysis of microbial contamination test.

Results: The results showed that all formulas were greenish-yellow and have homogeneous, the viscosity of 14267-45533 cps, spreadability of gels 1783.8–6631.5 mm2, pH value of 4.57–5.74, and analysis of microbial contamination has colonies not more than 103 colonies/g or colonies/ml. Statistical analysis used two ways ANOVA to investigate gels time and temperature effects toward gel preparations stability. There was no effect on the viscosity, spreadability, and pH tests, on the all formula with P>0.05. The antioxidant activity of the formula showed that all formulas changed after 3 mo of storage at 40 °C. Formula II had stronger antioxidant activity than the others with an IC50 value of 57.60µg/ml.

Conclusion: All formulas showed fairly strong antioxidant activity because it can inhibit the activity of free radicals that could inhibit the premature aging of the skin.
THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES TO PROMOTE FULL-THICKNESS EXCISIONAL WOUND HEALING
Authors: KUMAR ASHISH , PANDIT VINAY , NAGAICH UPENDRA
Published: November 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research was, synthesis of copper nanoparticles using environment friendly cementation method and evaluate their wound healing property on full-thickness excisional wound.

Methods: Present study reports the synthesis of CNPs by single-step cementation method. Evaluation of CNPs was endorsed by morphological and chemical properties. Furthermore, CNPs was evaluated for its antibacterial potential and invitro hemocompatibility. Additionally, pharmacological evaluation of CNPs was assessed against excisional wound.

Results: Characterization of final product indicate, particle size of CNPs were ranging from 100-150 nm. CNPs showed significant antibacterial activity (A= 2.1±0.1 mm, B =2.1±0.1 mm, C = 1.9±0.2 mm, at 10µg/ml), along with superior hemocompatibility (RBC cell survival 97±1 %). Further CNPs formulation shows increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokinin’s (IL-10, 42.7%) as compared to standard (STD), vehicle control, and normal control groups, attributed to accelerated wound healing (p<0.05 vs STD).

Conclusion: The consequences the present investigation endorse the accelerated wound healing potential of CNPs with its anti-inflammatory potential.
CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME DATA INTEGRITY ISSUES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: M. VIGNESH , G. N. K. GANESH
Published: November 2020

The pharmaceutical industry is currently one of the most dynamic among all industries. At present, it is striking with various compliance challenges like never before there is increased regulation, acquisitions, push toward harmonization and endemic in a Data Integrity (DI) concern. DI weakness is identified, either as a result of an audit or a regulatory inspection, companies with multiple sites should ensure that appropriate corrective and preventive actions are implemented across the organizations and appropriate notification to regulatory authorities should be made wherever applicable. The objective of the study carries the number of issues involved within data integrity in current GMP aspects, the root causes were addressed based on warning letters. This review intends to study the concept of data integrity holistically in all aspects, regulatory expectations and to evaluate the state of compliance and challenges that explore to suggest appropriate remedial and proactive measures to avoid DI issues. There were many challenges involved to overcome the issues, which are all about the one's handling by maintaining good documentation practice. The importance, strategies and recommendations were discussed to overcome from the repeated data integrity mistakes.

This review was carried out by systematic searches of data integrity in relevant guidelines, published articles, reviews and abstracts in Google scholar, Pubmed, Science direct, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane database of systematic reviews of articles up to March 2020. The keywords used for gathering information were listed below.
ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF DOXYCYCLINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING GRAPHENE OXIDE/HYDROGEL COMPOSITE
Authors: ABDULSAHIB WALEED K. , GANDUH SAFAA H. , MAHDI MAKARIM A. , JASIM LAYTH S.
Published: November 2020

Objective: Preparation of novel, safe, and low-cost composite by addition of graphene oxide (GO) to polyvinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid composite (PVP-AAc) to remove the doxycycline hydrochloride (D) from polluted aquatic environment.

Methods: Different concentrations of D were used to study the adsorption process of the antibiotic on the surface of GO/(PVP-AAc) hydrogel composite. The aquatic solution of D was used for studying the adsorption process through a series of different experiments to determine the contact time, adsorbate amount, appropriate temperature, the preferred pH, ionic strength, adsorption kinetics and isotherms on the adsorbent surface of GO/PVP-AAc composite. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to detect the structure, functional groups and surface morphology of the composite before and after D adsorption.

Results: Doxycycline is adsorb on the surface of GO/PVP-AAc hydrogel composite through by physical interactions. The adsorption kinetics correlated to the pseudo-second-order model, contact time studies of D equal to 180 min and the high R2 value of 0.98 indicates that Langmuir isotherm model better fitted to the data for the removal of D at 15 °C. The results of thermodynamic parameters show that the nature of the adsorption process is physical, exothermic, orderly and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of D favors the acidic media. When NaCl is added to the solution, the adsorption capacity of D will increase.

Conclusion: Graphene oxide/PVP-AAc composite is a novel, worthy and efficient adsorbent for the removal of the doxycycline polluted the water because of its low cost, hydrophilic properties, large surface area and special structure that give impressive dispersible activity in aquatic solutions.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF VESICULAR FORMULATIONS: TRANSFERSOMES AND CONVENTIONAL LIPOSOMES LOADED IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: CHAURASIA GITA , LARIYA NARENDRA
Published: November 2020

Objective: Ivabradine hydrochloride (IH), a benzazepine derivative used to treat cardiovascular disease angina pectoris. In this study IH-loaded novel carrier systems transfersomes (TFs) and conventional liposomes (CLs) were developed and compared for their efficacy to enhance the stability of drugs from degradation.

Methods: TFs formulations (TF-1, TF-2 and TF-3) were prepared by using different biocompatible surfactants; tween-80 (TW), span-80(S) and sodium deoxycholate (SC) in the concentration ratio of 15 parts with 85 parts of soy phosphatidylcholine as phospholipid by thin-film hydration method. These vesicles were compared with CLs formulation (L-1) prepared in 7:3 molar ratio of soy phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol by following the same method. These vesicles were compared for physical appearance, vesicle shape, and size, percentage drug entrapment efficiency (%DEE), deformability index (DI), in vitro percentage cumulative drug release study, and physical stability studies. The chosen optimized novel carriers were observed under scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The compared data demonstrated that the physical appearance for all vesicles was turbid and had a spherical shape. The size distribution was in the range of 129.0 nm to 273.5 nm in vesicles. The %DEE (79.0±0.94) and DI (35.0±1.9) was found maximum in TF-1 formulation that was 2.3 times higher than L-1 formulation. The in vitro percentage cumulative drug release study followed second-order polynomial kinetics that was 2.0 times higher than L-1and 2.9 times higher than the plain drug in 30 min (90.4±0.06%) from TF-1. The vesicles were found to be stable at refrigeration conditions.

Conclusion: Thus, amongst of all vesicles TW loaded TFs (TF-1) was chosen as an excellent novel vesicular carrier for hydrophilic drugs due to its higher deformability behavior than CLs that protects the certain drugs from biodegradation and provides stability.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of the Approved Tumor Mapping Protocol in Grading of Glial Tumors
Authors: Sadighi Nahid , Fallah Arzpeyma Sima , Izanlou Mohsen , Oghabian Mohamad Ali , Izanlou Mostafa , Noori Fateme , Sadeghi Joni Saeid
Published: November 2020

Objective: Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of the Approved Tumor Mapping Protocol in Grading of Glial Tumors.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients aged 2 to 82 years with glial tumor. Patients were referred to the hospital for tumor mapping and underwent imaging with simultaneous methods of MRS and magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion and conventional MRI under the supervision of NIAG group. Then, the results of the second evaluation, including the ratios of the desired metabolites and the amount of blood flow, permeability of the target area were compared with the results of pathology. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 24.

Results: In this study, 30 patients were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the determination of high-grade glioma with peripheral/internal rCBV were 100/100%, 100/93%, 93/100% and 100.100%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of glioma by using peripheral/internal rCBV and thresholds of 2.65 and 1.06 were 100/100%, 93/100%, 93/100% and 100/100%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were determined for diagnosis of high-grade glioma tumor using Ch + Cr / NAA Cho / Cr and Cho / NAA ratios with detection threshold of 2.97 (93.3%), 3.5 (78.9%,100%, 100%, and 73.3%), and 2.1 (100%). Threshold values of 3.5, 2.1 and 2.97 were obtained using Cho / Cr, Ch + Cr / NAA and Cho / NAA, respectively, for the detection of high-grade gliomas. The combination of rCBV, Cho / Cr, Ch + Cr / NAA and Cho / NAA had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 67.7%, 80%, 77% and 70.5%, respectively. Significant differences in rCBV and Cho / Cr, Cho / NAA and NAA / Cr ratios were observed between low- and high-grade gliomas (P <0.0001).

Conclusion: Preoperative grading of glioma based on routine MR imaging is often unreliable. As a result, measuring rCBV and Cho / Cr and Cho / NAA ratios independently and somewhat together can significantly improve the sensitivity and predictive values of preoperative glioma grading.
Consideraciones acerca de la evolución de la infancia
Authors: Pachón C. Ximena
Published: November 2020

.
Espacio y poder. Pueblos de indios en la provincia de Santafé (siglo XVIII)
Authors: Herrera Angel Marta
Published: November 2020

En el presente documento se intenta mostrar cómo se efectuó la segregación espacial entre la "República India" y la "República Española" en la provincia de Santafé en el siglo XVIII. Para ello, analiza el proceso de configuración de los pueblos indios (unidades administrativas creadas en el marco del sistema provincial) y las medidas adoptadas por las autoridades eclesiásticas para facilitar el asentamiento de los "vecinos" no indios dentro de estos pueblos. La aplicación práctica de esas medidas explica, al menos en parte, por qué los denominados pueblos indios pudieron acoger a "vecinos" en determinadas zonas sin contravenir las normas de segregación espacial. También explica la conformación de un sistema autoritario adaptado a la gestión dual de estos territorios que, como en el caso de las disposiciones espaciales, tenía puntos de convergencia que ponían de relieve esa dualidad. Llama la atención sobre el papel de la iglesia -y del sacerdote- como centro de la comunidad y punto de contacto entre las dos repúblicas, la "india" y la "española", que según la ley no podían mezclarse. Pero también muestra cómo este contacto fue decisivo para reforzar la segregación.
Hacienda, parentesco y mentalidad: la colonización antioqueña en el Sinú
Authors: Ocampo Gloria Isabel
Published: November 2020

.
Un conjunto orfebre asociado a cerámica Guane
Authors: Lleras Pérez Roberto
Published: November 2020

.
Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff y Julio César Cubillos
Authors: Duque Gómez Luis
Published: November 2020

.
Contribución a la bibliografía del profesor Juan Friede
Authors: Gómez Jorge Morales , Rueda Enciso José Eduardo
Published: November 2020

.
Amazonía Colombiana: formas de acceso y de control de la fuerza de trabajo indígena (1870-1930)
Authors: Gómez Augusto J.
Published: November 2020

.
Innovative Technologies to Support Education and Training: Researches by LabTEVE
Authors: Machado Liliane , Moraes Ronei
Published: November 2020

Training systems based on virtual reality, serious games, assessment methods, systems to support learning, assessment methodologies and technologies to extend interaction with educational content have been the focus of researches at LabTEVE. The interdisciplinarity can be observed in each project, highlighting the need for dialogue between areas for the production of solutions and technologies that can be used today as well as prospected for the future.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial screening and cytotoxic properties of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with bidentate hydroxylated 1,3-diaryl-2-propene-1-ones ligand
Authors: Patil Pravinkumar , Zangade Sainath
Published: November 2020

A series of binary metal complexes (halo, hydroxyl and methoxy substituted bis(2-(E)acryloyl)naphthalen-1-yl)oxy)Cu(II) and Zn(II) (C1? ?C10)) of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions derived from bi-coordinated hydroxylated 1,3- -diaryl-2-propene-1-ones were synthesized. The newly synthesized metal complexes were structurally determined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESR spectral, XRD and TGA analyses. The FT-IR and ESR studies demonstrated that interactions between metal ions with ligands occur through carbonyl oxygen and deprotonated hydroxyl oxygen and correspond to square-planar geometry for all complexes. The metal complexes were screened in-vitro and evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The complexes C1 and C4 showed significant antimicrobial activity while the remaining complexes showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The complexes were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the organism Artemia salina. Complexes C2?C5 exhibited LC50 values of 630.45, 969.99, 921.94 and 918.41 ?M mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, the complexes were evaluated for their anticancer activity against the liver cancer cell line Hep G2 in comparison with the 5-fluorouracil standard. Complex C5 showed a significant IC50 value of 58.94 ?g mL-1. Therefore, the present study is useful for the development of a new class of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
Within trial cost-effectiveness of a structured lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Study
Authors: Zhang Ping , Atkinson Karen M. , Bray George , Chen Haiying , Clark Jeanne M. , Coday Mace , Dutton Gareth R. , Egan Caitlin , Espeland Mark A. , Evans Mary , Foreyt John P. , Greenway Frank L. , Gregg Edward W. , Hazuda Helen P. , Hill James O. , Horton Edward S. , Hubbard Van S. , Huckfeldt Peter J. , Jackson Sharon D. , Jakicic John M. , Jeffery Robert W. , Johnson Karen C. , Kahn Steven E. , Killean Tina , Knowler William C. , Korytkowski Mary , Lewis Cora E. , Maruthur Nisa M. , Michaels Sara , Montez Maria G. , Nathan David M. , Patricio Jennifer , Peters Anne , Pi-Sunyer Xavier , Pownall Henry , Redmon Bruce , Rushing Julia T. , Steinburg Helmut , Wadden Thomas A. , Wing Rena R. , Wyatt Holly , Yanovski Susan Z. , Group Look AHEAD Research
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE To assess
the cost-effectiveness (CE) of an intensive lifestyle
intervention (ILI) compared to standard diabetes support and education (DSE) in
adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, as implemented in the Action
for Health in Diabetes study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from 4,827
participants during the first 9 years of the study from 2001 to 2012. Information
on Health Utility Index-2 and -3, SF-6D, and Feeling Thermometer [FT]), cost of
delivering the interventions, and health expenditures were collected during the
study. CE was measured by incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in costs
per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Future costs and QALYs were discounted
at 3% annually. Costs were in 2012 US dollars.

RESULTS Over the 9
years studied, the mean cumulative intervention costs and mean cumulative
health care expenditures were $11,275 and $64,453 per person for ILI and $887 and
$68,174 for DSE. Thus, ILI cost $6,666 more per person than DSE. Additional QALYs
gained by ILI were not statistically significant measured by the HUIs and were
0.17 and 0.16, respectively, measured by SF-6D and FT.
The ICERs ranged from no health benefit with a higher cost based on HUIs, to $96,458/QALY
and $43,169/QALY, respectively, based on SF-6D and FT.

Conclusions Whether ILI was cost-effective over the 9-year period is unclear because different
health utility measures led to different conclusions.
Pengaruh Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbasis PCK Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia dan Aktivitas Siswa
Authors: Rahmi Mawaddah , Roza Destria
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inkuiri terbimbing berbasis pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) terhadap hasil belajar kimia siswa kelas XI MAN 1 Stabat pada materi koloid. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes objektif dalam bentuk pilihan ganda berjumlah 20 soal. Kelas eksperimen diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing berbasis PCK dan kelas kontrol diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Dari hasil penelitian, untuk kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai rata-rata postest adalah 84,5. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata postest kelas kontrol adalah 70,5. Data hasil kelompok sampel berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Hasil uji t dua pihak diperoleh thitung= 5,470 dan ttabel = 1,645, sehingga thitung > ttabel yang berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Penilaian aktivitas siswa pada kelas eksperimen mendapat rata-rata sebesar 71,481dan kelas kontrol 62,962. Hasil uji t dua pihak diperoleh thitung= 3,101 dan ttabel = 1,645, sehingga thitung > ttabel yang berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh model inkuiri terbimbing berbasis PCK terhadap hasil belajar kimia dan aktivitas siswa pada materi koloid kelas XI MAN 1 Stabat.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Juniar Anna , Mistryanto Pravil , Sapla Niru , Dewi Dewi
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find out: 1) whether the increase in student learning outcomes taught by the Guided Inquiry model is higher than the increase in student learning outcomes taught by Conventional models; 2) whether the increase in the Science Process Skill (SPS)  of students who are taught with the Guided Inquiry model is higher than the increase in the student's SPS that is taught with Conventional models; 3) is there a significant correlation between learning outcomes and student SPS through the application of Guided Inquiry model. The population of this study is all students of class XI MIA 1 Binjai Public High School and Binjai 5 Public High School year 2017/1018. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique as many as two classes. The test instrument used is 40 multiple choice questions (cognitive), 10 essay questions (SPS). The non-test instruments used were observation sheets (affective, psychomotor) and questionnaire sheets. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning outcomes, science process skills and there is a significant correlation in students who are taught by using the Guided Inquiry model higher than the increase in student learning outcomes using Conventional models.
Implementasi Bahan Ajar Hidrolisis Garam Terintegrasi Nilai-Nilai Islami dengan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Ditinjau dari Minat Belajar Siswa
Authors: ZEGA INDAH SUNDARI , DARMANA AYI
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find out: (1) A significant difference in students ' learning outcomes was taught using the integrated chemicals of Islamic values and which were taught using the students ' high school chemistry teaching book through The learning model of the hydrolysis of salt. (2) A significant difference in the students ' Islamic attitudes before and after being taught by using integrated chemical materials of Islamic values. (3) A significant relationship between Islamic attitudes and increasing student learning outcomes. The data analysis technique is conducted with the Independent Sample T-Test, Paired Sample T-Test, Correlation and Anava two paths. Research results can be concluded that: (1) There is a significant difference in learning outcomes among students taught using integrated chemicals Islamic values and which are taught using the students ' high school chemistry teaching book through the PBL learning model in the subject matter Hydrolysis salt. (2) There are significant differences in the students ' Islamic attitudes before and after being taught using the integrated chemical materials of Islamic values. (3) There is a significant correlation of spiritual value with the increase of student learning outcomes which are taught using the integrated chemistry module of Islamic values.
Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Kimia Siswa Berbantuan Media Macromedia Flash dan Powerpoint Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Division Pada Materi Koloid
Authors: ADRIANI LISTA , NASUTION HAFNI INDRIATI
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine differences in student chemistry learning outcomes taught by Macromedia Flash and Powerpoint media using Student Teams Achievement Division cooperative learning models on colloidal subject matter. The population in this study were all students of class XI MIA Senior High School 2 Lubuk in 2017/2018 academic year. The sample used in this study was taken by random sampling of two classes. Each class consists of 30 students. Data collection techniques namely the test method. Data analysis technique in the form of a hypothesis test is a two-party t-test. Based on the results of the data requirements test, it is known that the results of the pretest and posttest results in the experimental class I and experiment II are normally distributed and homogeneous. As for the hypothesis test on student learning outcomes (posttest) tcount> t "1" ⁄ "2" "α" table (3.41> 2.002) and are in a critical area, then Ho is rejected Ha is accepted ie there are differences in chemistry learning outcomes students who are taught by using Macromedia Flash and Powerpoint media use a cooperative learning model type Student Teams Achievement Division on colloidal subject matter.