bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 1 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Visual comparison of output of G1 network trained with MSE loss function vs combined Adversarial and VGG loss functions.
FIGURE 1 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Overview of the experiment and results presented in this article. A, Comparison of the presented SRS histopathologic workflow with standard workflows (POC, point of care). B (i)–(v), results for benign tissue. (i) Brightfield image of unstained tissue; (ii) brightfield image of H&E-stained adjacent section; (iii) SRS image at 2933/cm−1 showing overall tissue composition; (iv) SRS image at 2847/cm−1 highlighting epithelium; and (v) SRS image at 2979/cm−1 highlighting stroma and blood vessels. B (vi)–(x), results for low-grade cancer (GS = 3). (vi) Brightfield image of unstained tissue; (vii) brightfield image of H&E-stained adjacent section; (viii) SRS image at 2933/cm−1, (ix) SRS image at 2847/cm−1, and (x) SRS image at 2979/cm−1. B (xi)–(xv), Results for high-grade cancer (GS = 4). B, (xi) Brightfield image of unstained tissue; (xii) brightfield image of H&E-stained adjacent section; (xiii) SRS image at 2933/cm−1; (xiv) SRS image at 2847/cm−1; and (xv) SRS image at 2979/cm−1. C, Two-color SRS images (as described in the text) of a zoomed in region of a gland. D, Average max normalized SRS spectra of stroma, nuclei, epithelium, and LDs (color coded). Inset, spectral heterogeneity of epithelial cells shown in C.
STAIR and STAIR/NT as a Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lorbeer Noemi , Knaevelsrud Christine , Niemeyer Helen
Published: September 2023

Background: Current guidelines recommend phase-based approaches such as Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation/ Narrative Therapy (STAIR/NT) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following complex traumatization. However, to date there is no systematic review on the efficacy of STAIR as initial treatment phase and STAIR/NT. Methods: Searching various databases, we conducted a systematic review on studies with and without control condition investigating the efficacy of STAIR, STAIR/NT, and their adaptations. Results: Overall, k = 10 studies (including 5 studies with control condition) on STAIR/-adaptations and k = 5 studies (including 4 studies with control condition) on STAIR/NT/-adaptations were identified. In 7 studies on STAIR/- and 4 studies on STAIR/NT/-adaptations, samples consisted of at-risk groups for complex traumatization. Both STAIR/- and STAIR/NT/-adaptations revealed positive effects on posttraumatic stress, affective dysregulation, and interpersonal problems. When compared to passive and active control conditions, STAIR/- and STAIR/NT/-adaptations were equally or more effective. Discussion: Findings on the efficacy of STAIR/- and STAIR/NT/-adaptations are mixed. Evidence is limited by the small number of studies, heterogeneous adaptations, often uncontrolled study designs, subclinical samples, and small sample sizes. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of STAIR/NT among patients with complex PTSD.
Relevant Clinical Factors in Patients with Myelofibrosis on Ruxolitinib for 5 or More Years
Authors: Masarova Lucia , Bose Prithviraj , Pemmaraju Naveen , Zhou Lingsha , Pierce Sherry , Estrov Zeev , Kantarjian Hagop , Verstovsek Srdan
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Median duration of therapy with the first JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (RUX) approved for patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis (MF) is about 3 years. Methods: In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate clinical features, predictive factors, and outcome of patients presenting to our institution who were able to remain on RUX for ≥5 years (RUX ≥5y, n = 73). Results: Comparing baseline demographics of patients who remained on RUX ≥5y (n = 73) with patients who were on RUX for 6 months to 3 years (n = 203), we confirmed that patients on RUX ≥5y lacked advanced clinical features at the start of therapy, such as anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, higher blasts or monocytes. Predictive independent factors for staying on RUX ≥5y were hemoglobin >10 g/dL, circulating blasts <1%, platelets >150 × 109/L, neutrophils >70%, and having primary MF. Age over 65 years remained significant for outcome in patients on RUX ≥5y. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, we report on the relevance of absence of advanced clinical features for long RUX therapy and confirm the role of age on outcome despite therapy.
Three concepts of the Psychology of Art (correlation of discourses in psychology, art criticism, and philosophy)
Authors: Rosin Vadim M.
Published: September 2023

Background. At the present time, there has appeared a new interest in understanding the concepts of the psychology of art. The awareness of art and its works lags far behind the practice of artistic life, in which new types of works and new aesthetic concepts, often very different from traditional art forms, have appeared. The problem of demarcation of art and non-art has become aggravated, there is a need for a new cycle of awareness of art and artistic activity. Objective. The article seeks to analyze the characteristic types of concepts in psychology of art, to understand their structure. Considering the approaches in which such concepts were created, as well as scientific discourses and concepts used in this fields, the author focuses on the analyses of three types of approaches (discourses) — psychological, art criticism and philosophical and on understanding the relationships between them. Methods. The paper analyzes the concept of psychology of art by L.S. Vygotsky and one of his followers, V.S. Sobkin, on the example of the discussion of theatrical reincarnation, the concept of art by N.V. Rozhdestvenskaya and the concept of art proposed by the author. The discourses and concepts used in each concept (psychological and non-psychological) are considered, as well as the ways to identify the common structures in these concepts, which determine the contexts of psychological processes and structures. To explain the author's concept of the psychology of art, a case analysis in formation of artistic vision in childhood is proposed. Results. It is shown that in the first two concepts of psychology of art, two main discourses are used — psychological and art history, and in the third — philosophical, within which the whole is set (comprehension of art, artistic communication, artistic reality). The first two concepts differ in the ways of specifying the whole and psychological constructions (in the first, the psychological mechanism is indicated, in the second, a set of processes and structures). Psychological constructions in the third concept are mediated by knowledge of the whole, as a result, some of them are quite well known in psychology, while others are introduced as new concepts. At the end of the article, two more contexts of the whole are indicated: features of individual perception and experience of art, as well as general psychological conditions. Conclusion. Naturally, psychological, philosophical and art criticism approaches to and concepts of art do not coincide. However, many of the issues and theoretical distinctions related to them are either common or overlapping, indicating the interactions of these disciplines.
Psychology of art in a transitive world: the aesthetics of change
Authors: Martsinkovskaya Tatiana D.
Published: September 2023

Background. The modern changeable and uncertain situation actualizes the problem of art, which is able to reflect the emotional experiences of people, harmonize their ideas about themselves and the world, and also play the role of a certain coping strategy that helps to overcome uncertainty and variability. Objective. The study aims to work out the theoretical and methodological analysis of trends that have existed in the art of the XX–XXI centuries. Methods. Comparative analysis of the concepts of the psychology of art in the XX–XXI centuries and the new aesthetic concepts of the last decades of the XXI century is carried out. Results. The results obtained showed that contemporary art combines the aesthetics of everyday life and the “torn” aesthetics of abrupt changes. Crystallization of artists and viewers’ experiences connects them with a commonality of emotions and attitudes to the situation. The mechanism of both creativity and catharsis is the mutual “spots of time”, leading from disharmony to harmony between the human and the world. Conclusion. The changed situation throughout the world leads to change in the “language” of art, which obtains new mechanisms of emotional impact. Aesthetics of transitivity connects aesthetic transformations with everyday life, making new images familiar. This leads to the fact that these images become a new type of aesthetics and help to get used to the transformations.
Age self-identification of a creative person in literature
Authors: Yastrebov Аndrey L.
Published: September 2023

Background. The article touches upon the problems of age self-identification in creative people. The question of the forced influence of the lived years on the interpretation of reality is considered. Questions of the influence of age on the philosophical scenario of texts are analyzed. Objective. The article considers the age-related self-awareness of the author in the context of the role of emotions in cognitive processes and creativity, as they are associated with the history of ideas and the empiricism of the existence of art. Results. For the first time, instrumental approaches are introduced in the strategy of interpreting cultural phenomena, the Universal Dictionary of Existential Definitions and the Concept Subtraction Procedure, which allow to introduce new semantic overtones into the study of prejudices and the reality of artistic self-consciousness. Conclusion. The study of the phenomenon of an artist’s age self-awareness, as a regulatory mechanism for mastering the world, may involve the choice of a wide variety of interpretations. At the same time, the interpretation of culture with the help of the Universal Dictionary of Existential Definitions and the Procedure for Subtracting Concepts makes it possible to supplement well-known research methods, to reveal the specifics of models and processes of world development by a creative person. With some speculation (in the philosophical sense) or controversy, such an approach can become one of the tools in identifying and reconstructing the responses of age self-identification in the artistic world of texts.
Expression and perception of multimodal emotional states
Authors: Barabanschikov Vladimir A. , Suvorova Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2023

Background. The urge for deeper knowledge on the nature of emotion expression and perception in ecologically and socially valid conditions is of grate importance. The scope is to develop experimental procedures recording not only the demonstration of emotions, but also actual human emotional experience. Objective. The objective is to reveal the patterns of expression and identification of multimodal dynamic emotional states, based on the stimuli, created by professional actors. Sample. The experiments involved 96 (48 women and 48 men) specialists in various fields of practice as well as undergraduate and graduate students of Russian universities, average age M = 34, SD = 9.4. Methods. The Russian-language version of the Geneva Emotion Recognition test (GERT) (Barabanschikov, Suvorova, 2020). Participants were randomly presented with 83 audio-video clips of affective states played by specially trained professional actors (5 men and 5 women, average age — 37 years). It was required to attribute the perceived emotion to one of the 14 target categories. The frequency of relevant and irrelevant choices was analyzed depending on the exposure conditions. The study was approved by the Ethics Commission of the Institute of Experimental Psychology of MSPPU (decision No. 3, 22.02.2023), with which the authors of the article are affiliated. Results. The forms of expression and identification of multimodal emotional states, their determinants and conditions of realization are described. Conclusion. A new paradigm of experimental psychological research of human emotional states linking their experience, expression, and identification is outlined. The productivity of applying theatrical art practices to solve problems of academic science is demonstrated.
Connecting the dots: DNA barcoding and lectotype designation shedding light on Labrundinia longipalpis (Goetghebuer, 1921), an intriguing non-biting midge (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae)
Authors: SILVA FABIO LAURINDO DA
Published: September 2023

Accurate taxonomic classification is deemed paramount for gaining an understanding of the diversity and distribution of insect species. In this study, an essential stride was made towards advancing the taxonomy of the non-biting midge Labrundinia longipalpis (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae), which serves as the type species of the genus. The distribution of L. longipalpis is particularly intriguing as it contrasts with the predominantly tropical distribution of the genus, with this species being found across the Holarctic region. The main goal of this investigation was to designate a lectotype and several paralectotypes, which was achieved through a comprehensive reexamination of the original material, alongside additional specimens obtained from the type-locality in Flanders. Furthermore, the distribution of L. longipalpis across Europe and North America was examined, and the proposed synonymization of L. maculata with the latter was challenged using the analysis of molecular data. Through the comparison of DNA barcodes, it was revealed that the North American population of L. longipalpis clustered together with the European population, which alludes to a considerable level of genetic similarity between these two populations. These results provide valuable insights into the behavior, ecological dynamics and biogeography of L. longipalpis, while also raising interesting questions about colonization and distribution patterns attributed to its adaptability and potential for long-distance dispersal.
A new species of Batillipes (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the mid littoral zone of the southeast coast of India
Authors: VISHNUDATTAN N. K. , RUBAL MARCOS , NANDAN S. BIJOY
Published: September 2023

Studies of marine tardigrades from Indian waters is very limited and relatively obscure. A new species of marine tardigrade is described from the southeast coast of India as part of an effort to better understand the marine tardigrade biodiversity of the Indian subcontinent. Batillipes kalami sp. nov. described from the sandy sediments of the mid littoral zone can be differentiated from all its congeners by the presence of unconstricted primary clavae, two pairs of lateral body projections between leg II and leg III, long and blunt ended lateral body projections between leg III and leg IV, shape of leg IV sensory organs and the presence of dorsal indentations in its head.
A new species of the genus Hoplochaetella Michaelsen 1900 (Clitellata: Octochaetidae) from the Deccan Peninsula Biogeographic Zone, India
Authors: AHMED SHAKOOR , JULKA JATINDER MOHAN , BANERJEE DHRITI , MARIMUTHU NITHYANANDAM
Published: September 2023

A new species Hoplochaetella darwini sp. nov. is described from the Deccan Peninsula biogeographic zone of South Indian State, Tamil Nadu. The new species is distinguished from all known Hoplochaetella species by having only one pair of spermathecal pores in segment 7, and a combination of male and prostatic pores in segment 17. The canonical analysis of principal coordinates also supported the proposed new species, showing significant differences with other members of the genus based on the taxonomical characters such as the number and position of spermathecae and prostate glands. Furthermore, an identification key and updated checklist of known species in the genus are also presented along with updated locality details.
A new species of Ecitonides Wasmann, 1894 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Peru and phylogenetic placement of the genus based on molecular data
Authors: SHAW JOSH JENKINS , RODRÍGUEZ-MELGAREJO MARYZENDER , MATSUMOTO KEITA , WASEL SOPHIA , PIPER ROSS
Published: September 2023

Ecitonides constanceae sp. nov., a new species of the myrmecophilous genus Ecitonides Wasmann, 1894, which is associated with army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae), is described from Peru. The holotype, which is the only known specimen, was collected at light at Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios department, Peru. The army ant host species is unknown. The new species is distinguished from congeners and an updated key of the species, as well as a checklist of Ecitonides and their associated host ants are provided. Based on the holotype we non-destructively extracted DNA and sequenced two genes which were incorportated into an existing molecular phylogenetic dataset and analysed using Bayesian Inference. Ecitonides is recovered as sister to recently described thermitophilous genus Ruptor Żyła et al. 2022 and placed in the so-called ‘Medonina and allied taxa’ clade. Beyond Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analysis and their associated nodal support methods, we also explored the position of the Ecitonides within the posterior sample of trees produced in the Bayesian analyses, which further supported its placement.
Nototanoides oliveri, a new sponge-dwelling nototanaid tanaidacean (Crustacea, Tanaidomorpha, Tanaidacea) from eastern Gulf of Mexico, with an illustrated taxonomic key, and the first record of harpacticoid copepods within the marsupium of ovigerous female tanaids
Authors: MORALES-NÚÑEZ ANDRÉS G. , RAMOS-TAFUR GABRIEL E.
Published: September 2023

A new species of tanaidacean, Nototanoides oliveri sp. nov. from the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico is described and illustrated. The new species appears to be most closely related to the recently described western Atlantic species, N. polytrichus. It can be easily distinguished from that species, as well as the other members of the genus, N. trifurcatus and N. ohtsukai, by a combination of characters, including: (1) female antennular article-3 with up to 11 aesthetascs (2) female maxilliped palp article-2 with multifurcate spiniform seta and (3) male cheliped basis having mid-ventral margin swollen, forming a rounded apophysis/protuberance. In addition, an unknown living harpacticoid copepod is reported for the first time within the marsupium of ovigerous females of Tanaidacea. An illustrated key to the four species comprising the genus Nototanoides is presented.
New data on the distribution of chigger mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) associated with small mammals in Vietnam
Authors: ANTONOVSKAIA A.A. , BALAKIREV A.E. , LOPATINA Y.V.
Published: September 2023

The study of chigger mites of Vietnam is based on the material collected during fieldworks in 2011–2019 and examination of small mammal samples deposited in museum collections. A total 59 small mammals species were examined (49 species of Rodentia, 8 species of Eulipotyphla, and 2 species of Scandentia). On them, 79 species of chigger mites were collected, of which 44 species are recorded in Vietnam for the first time. Thus, the list of chigger mite species reported in Vietnam has been extended to 122 species belonging to 16 genera and 3 subfamilies. Most recorded species belong to the genera Leptotrombidium and Walchia. New hosts have been recorded for 48 trombiculid species. The study showed that the diversity of trombiculids of various regions of Vietnam has been studied unevenly.
6. Een hond is een hond is een hond: Over natuur en waarden
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit hoofdstuk bespreek ik of en hoe ontologie ethiek kan informeren. Ik gebruik het voorbeeld van de ethiek van gezelschapsdieren om ethisch naturalisme en niet-naturalisme te beschrijven.
8. Tijd, cultuur en creativiteit
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik beschrijf ideeën van Isabelle Stengers, Ilya Prigogine en Stuart Kauffman en anderen om te beschrijven hoe het leven fundamenteel creatief is. Ik beschrijf ook nieuwe materialistische verstrengelingen van ethiek, ontologie en epistemologie om te beargumenteren dat, gegeven deze creativiteit van het leven en het universum, ethiek tot in het kleinste detail geïmpliceerd is. Bovendien is het beschrijven van organismen en praktijken, en de keuze hoe die te beschrijven, niet louter een representatie maar creëert het de volgende mogelijke wereld. Leven is creatieve oplossingen vinden en nadenken over de werelden die we met onze praktijken willen creëren. Elke 'toevallige ontmoeting' brengt mogelijkheden met zich mee en de keuzes die we maken zijn diep ethisch.
9. Symbiose en interdependentie
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit hoofdstuk introduceer ik ideeën van Lynn Margulis om te beargumenteren dat we onszelf opnieuw moeten zien als wezens tussen andere wezens, voorbij het antropocentrische humanisme. We zijn afhankelijk van de dingen en wezens die we tegenkomen.
12. Standpunten
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Als we de normativiteit van concepten als pathologie serieus nemen, betekent dit dat we zowel in de ontmoeting tussen individuele patiënten en verzorgers, als bij het evalueren van de impact van systemische beslissingen, aandacht moeten besteden aan ervaringen en gesitueerde kennis. In dit hoofdstuk bespreek ik standpuntenepistemologie. Ik beargumenteer dat het waarborgen van een ethische wetenschappelijke en klinische praktijk inhoudt dat we de gezichtspunten moeten meenemen en expliciet aandacht moeten besteden aan degenen die gemarginaliseerde posities in de gezondheidszorg hebben ingenomen. Als we willen begrijpen wat gezondheid en pathologie betekenen voor verschillende mensen, betekent dit dat we oprecht moeten geïnteresseerd zijn in de mensen die meestal genegeerd worden.
Time to retire: Why Americans claim benefits early & how to encourage delay
Authors: Knoll Melissa A. Z. , Appelt Kirstin C. , Johnson Eric J. , Westfall Jonathan E.
Published: September 2023

Because they are retiring earlier, living longer, and not saving enough for retirement, many Americans would benefit financially if they delayed claiming Social Security retirement benefits. However, almost half of Americans claim benefits as soon as possible. Responding to the Simpson– Bowles Commission's 2010 recommendation that behavioral economics approaches be used to encourage delayed claiming, we analyzed this decision using query theory, which describes how the order in which people consider their options influences their choices. After confirming that people consider early claiming before and more often than they consider later claiming, we designed interventions intended to encourage later claiming. Changing how information was presented did not produce significant shifts, but asking people to focus on the future first significantly delayed preferred claiming ages. Policymakers can apply these insights.
Can lithium contents in mica be correctly calculated? Tischendorf́s proposal (Mineralogical Magazine 61/1997) 25 years after
Authors: Breiter Karel , Vašinová Galiová Michaela , Korbelová Zuzana , Hložková Michaela
Published: September 2023

Micas are the most common hosts of lithium in granitoid igneous rocks. Unfortunately, their Li contents cannot be determined by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) which is the most common method of mineral analysis. In an effort to avoid the use of other, technically more complex and expensive methods, several empirical schemes for the estimation of Li-contents from EPMA data have been developed. The methods proposed by Tischendorf (Mineralogical Magazine, 1997) have found the widest application. After 25 years of common usage, we have evaluated these methods by direct Li determination using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS). Approximately 3000 spot analyses of Li in micas from eight areas worldwide obtained by LA–ICP–MS were compared with the values yielded by the methods of Tischendorf. We conclude that none of the lithium estimation methods can compensate fully for a real local analysis by LA–ICP–MS or secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Generally, SiO2-based estimation for trioctahedral micas provides a better match to the analysed values than F-based estimation for dioctahedral micas. The Rb-based estimation for dioctahedral micas does not provide acceptable results. The usage of averaged Si- and F-based estimations can be accepted in common petrological studies for a general characterisation of mica species. Large errors of individual spot estimations preclude their usage in detailed mineralogical studies.
S100a9 inhibits Atg9a transcription and participates in suppression of autophagy in cardiomyocytes induced by β1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies
Authors: Zhi Xiaoyan , Shi Shu , Li Yang , Ma Mingxia , Long Yaolin , Li Chen , Hao Haihu , Liu Huirong , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Li
Published: September 2023

Background

Cardiomyocyte death induced by autophagy inhibition is an important cause of cardiac dysfunction. In-depth exploration of its mechanism may help to improve cardiac dysfunction. In our previous study, we found that β1-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies (β1-AAs) induced a decrease in myocardial autophagy and caused cardiomyocyte death, thus resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Through tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics, autophagy-related S100a9 protein was found to be significantly upregulated in the myocardial tissue of actively immunized mice. However, whether S100a9 affects the cardiac function in the presence of β1-AAs through autophagy and the specific mechanism are currently unclear.

Methods

In this study, the active immunity method was used to establish a β1-AA-induced mouse cardiac dysfunction model, and RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect changes in gene and protein expression in cardiomyocytes. We used siRNA to knockdown S100a9 in cardiomyocytes. An autophagy PCR array was performed to screen differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in cells transfected with S100a9 siRNA and negative control siRNA. Cytoplasmic nuclear separation, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and immunofluorescence were used to detect the binding of S100a9 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Finally, AAV9-S100a9-RNAi was injected into mice via the tail vein to knockdown S100a9 in cardiomyocytes. Cardiac function was detected via ultrasonography.

Results

The results showed that β1-AAs induced S100a9 expression. The PCR array indicated that Atg9a changed significantly in S100a9siRNA cells and that β1-AAs increased the binding of S100a9 and HIF-1α in cytoplasm. Knockdown of S100a9 significantly improved autophagy levels and cardiac dysfunction.

Conclusion

Our research showed that β1-AAs increased S100a9 expression in cardiomyocytes and that S100a9 interacted with HIF-1α, which prevented HIF-1α from entering the nucleus normally, thus inhibiting the transcription of Atg9a. This resulted in autophagy inhibition and cardiac dysfunction.
From common to rare: repurposing of bempedoic acid for the treatment of glycogen storage disease type 1
Authors: Das Anibh M.
Published: September 2023

Hypoketotic hypoglycaemia is a biochemical hallmark of glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1). This is due to inhibition of carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1 by malonyl-CoA. This inhibits the influx of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for fatty acid oxidation. This leads to reduced hepatic ketogenesis and impaired energy production in the liver and kidney. Hypoketotic hypoglycaemia may result in CNS symptoms due to energy depletion.

Recently, it was reported that enzymes involved in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation are upregulated in PBMC from patients suffering from GSD1.

I suggest that administration of the prodrug bempedoic acid results in reduced production of malonyl-CoA by inhibiting the ATP-citrate lyase, thus releasing the block of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid influx. These fatty acids could make use of the increased capacity of fatty acid oxidation as observed in PBMC recently. In the liver, ketogenesis is activated, and energy production is increased in both the liver and kidney. This could result in improved metabolic control and avoidance of cerebral energy depletion.

Bempedoic acid is approved as medication in adult patients with hypercholesterolaemia and mixed dyslipidaemia. Repurposing bempedoic acid for the use in GSD1 may improve metabolic control in GSD1.
Efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implant used as monotherapy for the treatment of macular edema in non-infectious uveitis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Gupta Rishi B. , Ilin Julius , Gottlieb Chloe C.
Published: September 2023

Background

Uveitic macular edema is a complication of acute or chronic uveitis. Current treatment regiments frequently have numerous side effects, often requiring supplemental treatment. This study investigates the efficacy of dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implants as monotherapy for treatment of macular edema in non-infectious intermediate, posterior or panuveitis.

Methods and results

Retrospective chart review of thirty patients with intermediate, posterior and panuveitis treated with DEX. Outcomes measured were central retinal thickness (CRT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Baseline measurements of CRT and BCVA were measured within 1 month prior to intravitreal DEX implant and follow up measurements were collected until 1 year post implant. 48 implants on 39 eyes of 30 patients were included in this study; 64.1% of patients had an improvement in BCVA and 65.4% had a reduction in CRT. BCVA improved from 0.285 logMAR (SD: 0.312) at baseline to 0.175 logMAR (SD: 0.194) at 1 month and was sustained thereafter. Preliminary CRT data showed a decrease from 392 $$\mu m$$

μ
m

(SD: $$161\mu m$$

161
μ
m

) at baseline to 303 $$\mu m$$

μ
m

(SD: $$80\mu m)$$

80
μ
m
)

at 1 month and 313 $$\mu m$$

μ
m

(SD: $$44\mu m)$$

44
μ
m
)

at 12 months.

Conclusions

The DEX implant as monotherapy for macular edema in non-infectious uveitis was associated with a reduction in CRT and improvement in BCVA. The DEX implant, used as a monotherapy in eyes with intermediate, posterior and panuveitis, has the potential to treat uveitis without oral corticosteroid or other immunomodulatory therapy.
Metabolite profiling and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate the effects of biocontrol agents on alkaloid accumulation in Fritillaria thunbergii
Authors: Cheng Xuemei , Li Dishuai , Jiang Zheng , Qu Cheng , Yan Hui , Wu Qinan
Published: September 2023

Background

During Fritillaria thunbergii planting, pests and diseases usually invade the plant, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Previous studies have demonstrated that using biocontrol agents can effectively control grubs and affect the steroid alkaloids content in F. thunbergii. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the differences in the accumulation of steroid alkaloids in response to biocontrol agents remain unclear.

Results

Combined transcriptomic and metabolic analyses were performed by treating the bulbs of F. thunbergii treated with biocontrol agents during planting. Otherwise, 48 alkaloids including 32 steroid alkaloids, 6 indole alkaloids, 2 scopolamine-type alkaloids, 1 isoquinoline alkaloid, 1 furoquinoline alkaloid, and 6 other alkaloids were identified. The content of steroidal alkaloids particularly peimine, peiminine, and veratramine, increased significantly in the group treated with the biocontrol agents. Transcriptome sequencing identified 929 differential genes using biocontrol agents, including 589 upregulated and 340 downregulated genes. Putative biosynthesis networks of steroid alkaloids have been established and combined with differentially expressed structural unigenes, such as acetyl-CoA C-acetyl-transferase, acelyl-CoAC-acetyltransferase3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductor-isomerase, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase and 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase. In addition, biological processes such as amino acid accumulation and oxidative phosphorylation were predicted to be related to the synthesis of steroid alkaloids. Cytochrome P450 enzymes also play crucial roles in the steroid alkaloid synthesis. The transcription factor families MYB and bHLH were significantly upregulated after using biocontrol agents.

Conclusions

Biocontrol agents increased the steroid alkaloids accumulation of steroid alkaloids by affecting key enzymes in the steroid alkaloid synthesis pathway, biological processes of oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid synthesis, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and transcription factors. This study revealed the mechanism underlying the difference in steroidal alkaloids in F. thunbergii after using biocontrol agents, laying the groundwork for future industrial production of steroid alkaloids and ecological planting of medicinal materials in the future.
Primary care physicians' experience of caring for children with parents with mental health illness: a qualitative study among French general practitioners and paediatricians
Authors: Ribette Cécile , Rosenthal Lucie , Raynaud Jean-Philippe , Franchitto Ludivine , Revet Alexis
Published: September 2023

Background

Parental psychiatric disorders can have a significant impact on child development and the parent-infant bond, with a high risk of attachment disorders. Early identification of difficulties in the parent–child relationship is essential to prevent consequences for the child. Childcare practitioners have a major role to play in this early detection process, through regular mandatory consultations during the first two years of a child's life. Thus, the aim of this study was to collect the experience of private practitioners in their care of children of parents with a mental health illness.

Method

This is a cross-sectional, observational, qualitative study. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with eleven general practitioners and private paediatricians between February and July 2021 in Toulouse and its suburbs. We only included practitioners who had followed children of parents with a mental health illness. The interviews were recorded with the agreement of the participants, before being transcribed anonymously. The data were analysed with NVivo software using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Three main themes emerged from the results, which were further divided into several sub-themes. Addressing psychiatric disorders presents a risk for the therapeutic relationship. Practitioners express a need to preserve this relationship with the parent in joint care. Care is difficult and is permeated by the parents' emotional issues. Furthermore, practitioners face a conflict between their concerns for the parent–child bond and their desire not to stigmatise these families. They express a feeling of isolation in these follow-ups. This stressful care has a significant emotional impact on the doctors. Access to psychiatric training and multidisciplinary collaboration seem to be essential to improve the follow-up experience for practitioners, as these factors strengthen inter-professional connections.

Conclusion

Practitioners describe a parent-doctor relationship at risk, which is underpinned by the fear of care placement. This study illustrates the need to strengthen multidisciplinary work by promoting interprofessional exchanges, in order to improve the experience of practitioners in this care process. Addressing practitioners’ fear of discussing parental psychiatric illness is very important, so as not to delay the implementation of preventive actions that are likely to improve the developmental prognosis for children.
Outpatient management of urinary tract infections by medical officers in Nairobi, Kenya: lack of benefit from audit and feedback on adherence to treatment guidelines
Authors: Mbatia Florence Njeri , Orwa James , Adam Mary B. , Mahomoud Gulnaz , Adam Rodney D.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections are common in outpatient settings but are not treated optimally. Few studies of the outpatient use of antibiotics for specific diagnoses have been done in sub-Saharan Africa, so little is known about the prescribing patterns of medical officers in the region.

Methods

Aga Khan University has 16 outpatient clinics throughout the Nairobi metro area with a medical officer specifically assigned to that clinic. A baseline assessment of evaluation and treatment of suspected UTI was performed from medical records in these clinics. Then the medical officer from each of the 16 clinics was recruited from each clinic was recruited with eight each randomized to control vs. feedback groups. Both groups were given a multimodal educational session including locally adapted UTI guidelines and emphasis on problems identified in the baseline assessment Each record was scored using a scoring system that was developed for the study according to adequacy of history, physical examination, clinical diagnosis matching recorded data, diagnostic workup and treatment. Three audits were done for both groups; baseline (audit 1), post-CME (audit 2), and a final audit, which was after feedback for the feedback group (audit 3). The primary analysis assessed overall guideline adherence in the feedback group versus the CME only group.

Results

The overall scores in both groups showed significant improvement after the CME in comparison to baseline and for each group, the scores in most domains also improved. However, audit 3 showed persistence of the gains attained after the CME but no additional benefit from the feedback. Some deficiencies that persisted throughout the study included lack of workup of possible STI and excess use of non-UTI laboratory tests such as CBC, stool culture and H. pylori Ag. After the CME, the use of nitrofurantoin rose from only 4% to 8% and cephalosporin use increased from 49 to 67%, accompanied by a drop in quinolone use.

Conclusion

The CME led to modest improvements in patient care in the categories of history taking, treatment and investigations, but feedback had no additional effect. Future studies should consider an enforcement element or a more intensive feedback approach.
HDSNE a new unsupervised multiple image database fusion learning algorithm with flexible and crispy production of one database: a proof case study of lung infection diagnose In chest X-ray images
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Atta Othman , Abbas Ibrahim A. , AbdelSatar Yasser
Published: September 2023

Continuous release of image databases with fully or partially identical inner categories dramatically deteriorates the production of autonomous Computer-Aided Diagnostics (CAD) systems for true comprehensive medical diagnostics. The first challenge is the frequent massive bulk release of medical image databases, which often suffer from two common drawbacks: image duplication and corruption. The many subsequent releases of the same data with the same classes or categories come with no clear evidence of success in the concatenation of those identical classes among image databases. This issue stands as a stumbling block in the path of hypothesis-based experiments for the production of a single learning model that can successfully classify all of them correctly. Removing redundant data, enhancing performance, and optimizing energy resources are among the most challenging aspects. In this article, we propose a global data aggregation scale model that incorporates six image databases selected from specific global resources. The proposed valid learner is based on training all the unique patterns within any given data release, thereby creating a unique dataset hypothetically. The Hash MD5 algorithm (MD5) generates a unique hash value for each image, making it suitable for duplication removal. The T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), with a tunable perplexity parameter, can represent data dimensions. Both the Hash MD5 and t-SNE algorithms are applied recursively, producing a balanced and uniform database containing equal samples per category: normal, pneumonia, and Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated the performance of all proposed data and the new automated version using the Inception V3 pre-trained model with various evaluation metrics. The performance outcome of the proposed scale model showed more respectable results than traditional data aggregation, achieving a high accuracy of 98.48%, along with high precision, recall, and F1-score. The results have been proved through a statistical t-test, yielding t-values and p-values. It’s important to emphasize that all t-values are undeniably significant, and the p-values provide irrefutable evidence against the null hypothesis. Furthermore, it’s noteworthy that the Final dataset outperformed all other datasets across all metric values when diagnosing various lung infections with the same factors.
Associations between telomere attrition, genetic variants in telomere maintenance genes, and non-small cell lung cancer risk in the Jammu and Kashmir population of North India
Authors: Bhat Gh. Rasool , Jamwal Rajeshwer Singh , Sethi Itty , Bhat Amrita , Shah Ruchi , Verma Sonali , Sharma Minerva , Sadida Hana Q. , Al-Marzooqi Sara K. , Masoodi Tariq , Mirza Sameer , Haris Mohammad , Macha Muzafar A. , Akil Ammira S. Alshabeeb , Bhat Ajaz A. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: September 2023

Background

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes, playing a vital role in maintaining chromosomal integrity and stability. Dysregulation of telomeres has been implicated in the development of various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the most common type of lung cancer. Genetic variations within telomere maintenance genes may influence the risk of developing NSCLC. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic associations of select variants within telomere maintenance genes in a population from Jammu and Kashmir, North India, and to investigate the relationship between telomere length and NSCLC risk.

Methods

We employed the cost-effective and high-throughput MassARRAY MALDI-TOF platform to assess the genetic associations of select variants within telomere maintenance genes in a population from Jammu and Kashmir, North India. Additionally, we used TaqMan genotyping to validate our results. Furthermore, we investigated telomere length variation and its relation to NSCLC risk in the same population using dual-labeled fluorescence-based qPCR.

Results

Our findings revealed significant associations of TERT rs10069690 and POT1 rs10228682 with NSCLC risk (adjusted p-values = 0.019 and 0.002, respectively), while TERF2 rs251796 and rs2975843 showed no significant associations. The TaqMan genotyping validation further substantiated the associations of TERT rs10069690 and rs2242652 with NSCLC risk (adjusted p-values = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). Our results also demonstrated significantly shorter telomere lengths in NSCLC patients compared to controls (p = 0.0004).

Conclusion

This study highlights the crucial interplay between genetic variation in telomere maintenance genes, telomere attrition, and NSCLC risk in the Jammu and Kashmir population of North India. Our findings suggest that TERT and POT1 gene variants, along with telomere length, may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NSCLC in this population. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to explore the potential clinical applications of these findings.
Factors associated with anemia among school-going adolescents aged 10–17 years in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a cross sectional study
Authors: Yusufu Innocent , Cliffer Ilana R. , Yussuf Mashavu H. , Anthony Cecilia , Mapendo Frank , Abdulla Seif , Masanja Mary , Tinkasimile Amani , Ali Ali Salim , Mwanyika-Sando Mary , Fawzi Wafaie
Published: September 2023

Background

Anemia among adolescents (ages 10–19 years) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries and carries long-term health and economic consequences. To address the issue, policymakers and programmers require evidence of the burden of anemia among adolescents in specific contexts, as well as an understanding of the factors associated with anemia in this population.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey as a baseline assessment to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in secondary school students, as part of a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial testing different micronutrient supplementation strategies in addressing anemia among adolescents in Zanzibar. Between March 7th to 25th, 2022 the survey was conducted on 2,479 school-going adolescents aged 10–17 years from 42 schools on the island of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Hemoglobin concentration was measured along with the collection of socio-demographics, health, food frequency, and water, sanitation and hygiene data.

Results

Based on the World Health Organization cutoffs for anemia, 53.3% of the sample had anemia (mild, moderate, or severe). Using chi-square tests and logistic regressions, we determined that females had higher odds of anemia than males (Adjusted OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.74), those in the highest wealth quintile had lower odds of anemia than those in the lowest wealth quintile (Adjusted OR = 0.7; CI: 0.54, 0.91), stunted adolescents had higher odds of anemia than non-stunted students (Adjusted OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06,1.81), and those who used shared toilets had higher odds of moderate or severe anemia than those with private toilet access (Adjusted OR = 1.68; CI: 1.07, 2.64).

Conclusions

The high prevalence of anemia in this sample indicates an urgent need to address anemia among adolescents in Zanzibar, and the factors associated with anemia point to the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in addition to dietary and nutritional support.

Trial Registration

NCT05104554, registered 03/11/2021.