bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Material: No effect of thermal maturity on the Mo, U, Cd, and Zn isotope compositions of Lower Jurassic organic-rich sediments
Authors: Dickson Alex , al. et
Published: January 2022

Details of elemental relationships, non-detrital metal contents, and raw geochemical data
Supplemental Material: The continent-to-ocean transition in the Iberia Abyssal Plain
Authors: Grevemeyer Ingo , al. et
Published: January 2022

Description of methods and supplemental Figures S1–S11.
COVID-19 presenting as acute pericarditis
Authors: Ghosh Soumitra , Panda Prashant , Sharma Yash Paul , Handa Neha
Published: January 2022

COVID 19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly infectious disease, mainly affects the respiratory system. In this article, we have presented a case of COVID-19, who presented solely with pericarditis without myocarditis, without any respiratory symptoms. The diagnosis was made based on clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological and biological findings. He was treated successfully with aspirin and colchicine. Our case highlights an atypical presentation of COVID-19, which should be kept in mind in the present pandemic and to diagnose and isolate early to limit the spread of infection.
Imaging in paratesticular lesions
Authors: Sankhe Ashwini , Rai Pareekshith
Published: January 2022

A 23-year-old male presented with complaints of gradually increasing swelling of the left hemiscrotum. Preliminary ultrasound scan revealed a heterogeneous, predominantly solid lesion showing raised internal vascularity with few cystic areas in the paratesticular region, towards the midline with both testes seen separately from the lesion. To rule out presence of locoregional or distant metastases, a CT scan was done which revealed a well-defined, intrascotal, extratesticular, heterogeneous, moderately enhancing mass lesion with cystic areas in the scrotal sac with no significant lymphadenopathy or obvious distant metastasis. Subsequent MRI done for surgical planning revealed a heterogeneous signal intensity lesion with cystic areas and areas of haemorrhage with focal loss of fat planes with the left corpora cavernosa at the root of the penis. The patient underwent an inguinoscrotal exploration with excision of the left paratesticular mass. Final histopathology suggested an undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma. Paratesticular tumours while rare are an important cause of scrotal swelling. Exact histological identification of tumour subtype is not possible based on imaging but preoperative multi-modality imaging has an important role in identifying tissue of origin, differentiating benign from malignant lesions, surgical planning and assessing the need for adjuvant CT/RT.
Finnish HIV Quality of Care Register (FINHIV)
Authors: Mutru Mikaela , Isosomppi Sanna , Aho Inka , Liitsola Kirsi , Brummer-Korvenkontio Henrikki , Ollgren Jukka , Luomala Oskari , Kivelä Pia
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The Finnish HIV Quality of Care Register (FINHIV) was created to: (1) estimate the number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Finland, (2) evaluate the national level of antiretroviral medication use and viral suppression, (3) examine the change in the HIV epidemic in Finland to pinpoint issues to address and (4) enable evaluation of the health of the PLWH by combining the FINHIV data with other national healthcare data.

Participants

The FINHIV includes all people diagnosed or being treated for HIV infection in Finland since 1984. The register was formed in 2020 by combining data from the National Infectious Diseases Register (information from time of diagnosis, data from 1984) and from the 21 HIV Clinics that treat HIV-positive patients in Finland (earliest data from 1998). The register population forms a nationwide, open cohort with yearly updates; currently it consists of 4218 PLWH (including 718 deceased) with HIV diagnosed or treated in Finland 1984–2019. Current rate of new cases is 150 cases/year.

Findings to date

From the FINHIV data, we can confirm that Finland has reached the Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets set for 2020, and that the proportion of virally suppressed is constant between all 21 HIV Clinics in Finland, despite their varying size. Linkage to care is estimated at 94.3% of those diagnosed. In contrast to the treatment results, more than half of the PLWH have been diagnosed at a late stage, and the proportion has increased since 2000.

Future plans

Combinations of FINHIV data with other national healthcare register data in Finland will provide further information on other aspects of the health of the PLWH in a high-resource setting (eg, comorbidities, sexual health and use of healthcare resources). Additionally, implementation of patient-reported experience and outcome measures within the FINHIV is ongoing.
What are the effects of ethnicity, sexuality, disability and obesity on the odds of experiencing discrimination among Australian males? A nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Armstrong Gregory , Haregu Tilahun , Young Jesse , Paradies Yin
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The global public health community has been slow to acknowledge the important role of discrimination in health inequality. Existing evidence on discrimination is largely based on studies of specific subpopulations and specific forms of discrimination, with limited evidence from general population samples. We assessed the individual and combined effects of ethnicity, sexuality, disability and obesity on the likelihood of discrimination among a general population sample of Australian males.

Design and setting

We used data from The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (n=15 988, with response rate of 35%) to estimate the prevalence of self-perceived discrimination within the preceding 2 years and we used binary logistic regression models to assess the individual and combined effects of ethnicity, sexuality, disability and obesity on discrimination.

Participants

13 763 adult males were included in this analysis.

Results

One in five (19.7%) males reported experiencing discrimination in the preceding 2 years. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander males were nearly three times (OR=2.97, p<0.001) more likely to experience discrimination. Those born in Southern/Eastern Europe, Asia or Africa were at least twice more likely to report discrimination. Homosexual or bisexual males (35.2%; OR=2.23, p=<0.001), men with morbid obesity (29.2%; OR=1.91, p<0.001) and men with a disability (33.8%; OR=2.07, p<0.001) also had higher odds of experiencing discrimination. Those belonging to one (30.4%; OR=2.60, p<0.001) or two or more (38.2%; OR=3.50, p<0.001) risk groups were increasingly more likely to experience discrimination.

Conclusions

Discrimination was correlated with ethnicity, sexuality, obesity and disability. Belonging to two or more of the risk groups was associated with substantial increases in the likelihood of experiencing discrimination. Approaches to preventing discrimination need to acknowledge and address the impact of this intersectionality.
Feasibility of prehospital identification of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction by ECG, troponin and echocardiography
Authors: Jacobsen Lars , Grenne Bjørnar , Olsen Roy Bjørkholt , Jortveit Jarle
Published: January 2022

Background

Prehospital identification and selection of treatment strategy in patients with suspected non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of prehospital ECG, troponin T (TnT) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) acquired by paramedics in early identification of NSTEMI.

Methods

Consecutive patients requesting an ambulance from Sorlandet Hospital, Norway due to chest pain between November 2017 and January 2020 were screened for inclusion in the study. One ambulance was equipped with ECG recorder, point-of-care TnT test and TTE scanner, and six paramedics were given necessary training. ECG, TnT result and TTE images were acquired prehospitally and transferred to an in-hospital cardiologist. NSTEMI was suspected in patients with ischaemic ECG changes, elevated TnT or myocardial regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) at TTE.

Results

A total of 253 patients were included in the study. ECG was interpretable by cardiologists in 243 (96%), TnT in 238 (94%) and TTE images in 240 (95%) patients. NSTEMI was the discharge diagnosis in 22 (9%) of these patients. Four (18%) patients with NSTEMI had ischaemic ECG changes, elevated TnT and RWMA at TTE. Eight (36%) patients with NSTEMI had positive findings at two of the diagnostic methods, six (27%) patients had positive findings at one, and four (18%) patients had no positive findings in any of the diagnostic methods. In three patients (14%) with NSTEMI, RWMA was the only positive test. The negative and positive predictive values for RWMA were 42% and 96%, respectively.

Conclusions

Prehospital acquisition of ECG, TnT and interpretable TTE images by paramedics were feasible in most patients with chest pain. Based on these examinations, it was possible to identify the majority of cases with NSTEMI prehospitally and admit the patients directly to a hospital with facilities for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for further treatment.

Trial registration number

NCT04223986.
Management of cardiovascular risk factors during pregnancy
Authors: Lumsden Rebecca H , Pagidipati Neha
Published: January 2022

Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are rising among women of reproductive age. Obesity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, and hypertension are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased CV disease (CVD) risk following pregnancy. Pre-conception counselling and longitudinal postpartum follow-up with ongoing CV risk factor screening are critical for early CVD prevention, though significant racial/ethnic disparities in access to care result in significant gaps. This review summarises the recommended management of CV risk factors during and after pregnancy. For obesity, prevention of excessive weight gain is critical. Except in rare cases, lipid-lowering therapies for women with hyperlipidaemia should be stopped before pregnancy. Women with diabetes in pregnancy should maintain tight glucose control, with hemolgobin A1c (HbA1c) <6.5% to prevent congenital abnormalities. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with high maternal and neonatal morbidity and require long-term follow-up to prevent future CVD. Finally, this review highlights the lack of clinical trials informing optimal treatment strategies of CV risk factors during and after pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand how to improve long-term CV health among this high-risk population.
CCR1 and CCR5 mediate cancer-induced myelopoiesis and differentiation of myeloid cells in the tumor
Authors: Zilio Serena , Bicciato Silvio , Weed Donald , Serafini Paolo
Published: January 2022

Background

Cancer-induced ‘emergency’ myelopoiesis plays a key role in tumor progression by inducing the accumulation of myeloid cells with a suppressive phenotype peripherally and in the tumor. Chemokine receptors (CCRs) and, in particular, CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR7 are emerging as key regulators of myeloid cell trafficking and function but their precise role has not been completely clarified yet because of the signal redundancy, integration, and promiscuity of chemokines and of the expression of these CCRs on other leukocyte subsets.

Methods

We used the 4PD nanoparticle for the in vivo targeted silencing of CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and/or CCR7 in the myeloid cells of tumor bearing mice to evaluate the effect of treatments on tumor growth, myeloid cell trafficking and polarization. We used flow and image cytometry and functional assays to monitor changes in the tumor microenvironment and depletion experiments and immune deficient mice to determine the role of Ly6G+cells during tumor progression. We further evaluated in vitro the impact of chemokine receptor inhibition and tumor derived factors on myeloid cell differentiation from mouse and human hematopoietic stem and precursors cells (HSPCs) using flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis, cytokines beads arrays, functional assays, and mice deficient for CCR1 or CCR5.

Results

4PD-mediated in vivo silencing of CCR1 and CCR5 on myeloid cells and myeloid precursors was necessary and sufficient to inhibit tumor progression. Functional studies indicated that this antitumor effect was not mediated by alteration of myeloid cell chemotaxes but rather by the repolarization of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into tumoricidal neutrophils. Transcriptome functional and cytokine analysis indicated that tumor derived factors induced CCL3 and CCL4 in HSPCs that, through the autocrine engagement of CCR1 and CCR5, induced HSPCs differentiation in MDSCs. These finding were confirmed across mice with different genetic backgrounds and using HSPCs from umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of patients with cancer.

Conclusions

Our data support the notion that CCR1 and CCR5 and their ligands are a master immunological hub activated by several tumor derived factors. Activation of this pathway is necessary for the differentiation of MDSCs and protumoral macrophages.
Safety and antitumor activity of dostarlimab in patients with advanced or recurrent DNA mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) or proficient/stable (MMRp/MSS) endometrial cancer: interim results from GARNET—a phase I, single-arm study
Authors: Oaknin Ana , Gilbert Lucy , Tinker Anna V , Brown Jubilee , Mathews Cara , Press Joshua , Sabatier Renaud , O’Malley David M , Samouelian Vanessa , Boni Valentina , Duska Linda , Ghamande Sharad , Ghatage Prafull , Kristeleit Rebecca , Leath III Charles , Guo Wei , Im Ellie , Zildjian Sybil , Han Xinwei , Duan Tao , Veneris Jennifer , Pothuri Bhavana
Published: January 2022

Background

Dostarlimab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to PD-1, resulting in inhibition of binding to PD-L1 and PD-L2. We report interim data from patients with endometrial cancer (EC) participating in a phase I trial of single-agent dostarlimab.

Methods

GARNET, an ongoing, single-arm, open-label, phase I trial of intravenous dostarlimab in advanced solid tumors, is being undertaken at 123 sites. Two cohorts of patients with EC were recruited: those with dMMR/MSI-H disease (cohort A1) and those with proficient/stable (MMRp/MSS) disease (cohort A2). Patients received dostarlimab 500 mg every 3 weeks for 4 cycles, then dostarlimab 1000 mg every 6 weeks until disease progression. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) per RECIST V.1.1, as assessed by blinded independent central review.

Results

Screening began on April 10, 2017, and 129 and 161 patients with advanced EC were enrolled in cohorts A1 and A2, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 16.3 months (IQR 9.5–22.1) for cohort A1 and 11.5 months (IQR 11.0–25.1) for cohort A2. In cohort A1, ORR was 43.5% (95% CI 34.0% to 53.4%) with 11 complete responses and 36 partial responses. In cohort A2, ORR was 14.1% (95% CI 9.1% to 20.6%) with three complete responses and 19 partial responses. Median DOR was not reached in either cohort. In the combined cohorts, the majority of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1–2 (75.5%), most commonly fatigue (17.6%), diarrhea (13.8%), and nausea (13.8%). Grade≥3 TRAEs occurred in 16.6% of patients, and 5.5% discontinued dostarlimab because of TRAEs. No deaths were attributable to dostarlimab.

Conclusion

Dostarlimab demonstrated durable antitumor activity in both dMMR/MSI-H (ORR 43.5%) and MMRp/MSS EC (ORR 14.1%) with a manageable safety profile.

Trial registration number

NCT02715284.
Diastolic dysfunction in people with HIV without known cardiovascular risk factors in Western Kenya
Authors: Woldu Bethel , Temu Tecla M , Kirui Nicholas , Christopher Bridgette , Ndege Samson , Post Wendy S , Kamano Jemima , Bloomfield Gerald S
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Diastolic dysfunction (DD) has been reported to be highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) leading to the hypothesis that it may be an early marker of myocardial disease. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of DD in people living with human immunodeficiency virus without known history of diabetes or hypertension in Western Kenya.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study in western Kenya, 110 PLWH on ART and without known diabetes or hypertension were matched for age ±5 years and sex to HIV-uninfected controls. Study participants underwent a comprehensive two-dimensional echocardiogram and laboratory testing.

Results

The mean (SD) age in the HIV-positive group was 42.9 (8.6) years compared with 42.1 (12.9) years in the HIV-uninfected group. Mean (SD) CD4 +T cell count for the HIV-positive group was 557 (220) cells/ml. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were within the normal range and comparable between the two groups. Mean body mass index was 25.2 (5.4) kg/m2and 26.3 (5.4) kg/m2in HIV-positive and uninfected participants, respectively. There was only 1 (0.9 %) case of DD in each group. Despite low prevalence of DD, PLWH had 5.76 g/m2higher left ventricular mass index (p=0.01) and 2.77 mL/m2larger left atrial volume (p=0.02) compared with the HIV-negative group after adjusting for risk factors associated with DD.

Conclusion

Contrary to prior reports, DD in PLWH was low. Environmental and cardiovascular disease risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension may be significant modifiers for development and progression of DD in PLWH.
Health literacy interventions for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: a scoping review
Authors: Beauchamp Alison , Talevski Jason , Niebauer Josef , Gutenberg Johanna , Kefalianos Emmanuel , Mayr Barbara , Sareban Mahdi , Kulnik Stefan Tino
Published: January 2022

Deficits in health literacy are common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and this is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this scoping review, we sought to identify health literacy interventions that aimed to improve outcomes in patients with CAD, using a contemporary conceptual model that captures multiple aspects of health literacy. We searched electronic databases for studies published since 2010. Eligible were studies of interventions supporting patients with CAD to find, understand and use health information via one of the following: building social support for health; empowering people with lower health literacy; improving interaction between patients and the health system; improving health literacy capacities of clinicians or facilitating access to health services. Studies were assessed for methodological quality, and findings were analysed through qualitative synthesis. In total, 21 studies were included. Of these, 10 studies aimed to build social support for health; 6 of these were effective, including those involving partners or peers. Five studies targeted interaction between patients and the health system; four of these reported improved outcomes, including through use of teach-back. One study addressed health literacy capacities of clinicians through communication training, and two facilitated access to health services via structured follow-up—all reporting positive outcomes. Health literacy is a prerequisite for CAD patients to self-manage their health. Through use of a conceptual framework to describe health literacy interventions, we identified mechanisms by which patients can be supported to improve health outcomes. Our findings warrant integration of these interventions into routine clinical practice.
Premature coronary artery disease in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: a population-based study
Authors: Lai Edward Chia-Cheng , Huang Ya-Chun , Liao Tzu-Chi , Weng Meng-Yu
Published: January 2022

Background

The associations between premature atherosclerosis and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are not fully investigated. To determine whether IMIDs are associated with premature atherosclerosis, we examined the risk of incident coronary artery disease (CAD) in men less than 45 years old and women less than 50 years old with various forms of IMIDs compared with general population.

Methods

A population-based cohort was established and included patients with IMID, who were followed until the development of CAD, withdrawal from the insurance system, death, or 31 December 2016, whichever point came first. Patients with IMID included rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS), idiopathic inflammatory myositis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), Behcet’s disease (BD), and systemic vasculitis (SV). The comparison group was 1 000 000 beneficiaries sampled at random from the whole population as matched control participants. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the cumulative incidences of CAD in patients with and without IMID.

Results

Among 58 862 patients with IMID, 2139 (3.6%) developed CAD and 346 (1.3%) developed premature CAD. Relative to the comparison cohorts, the adjusted HRs for premature CAD were 1.43 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.86) for primary SjS, 2.85 (95% CI 2.63 to 3.43) for SLE, 3.18 (95% CI 1.99 to 5.09) for SSc and 2.27 (95% CI 1.01 to 5.07) for SV.

Conclusions

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome, SLE, SSc and SV are associated with an increased risk of premature CAD. Our ﬁndings will support essential efforts to improve awareness of IMID impacting young adults.
Understanding peace through the world news
Authors: Voukelatou Vasiliki , Miliou Ioanna , Giannotti Fosca , Pappalardo Luca
Published: January 2022

Peace is a principal dimension of well-being and is the way out of inequity and violence. Thus, its measurement has drawn the attention of researchers, policymakers, and peacekeepers. During the last years, novel digital data streams have drastically changed the research in this field. The current study exploits information extracted from a new digital database called Global Data on Events, Location, and Tone (GDELT) to capture peace through the Global Peace Index (GPI). Applying predictive machine learning models, we demonstrate that news media attention from GDELT can be used as a proxy for measuring GPI at a monthly level. Additionally, we use explainable AI techniques to obtain the most important variables that drive the predictions. This analysis highlights each country’s profile and provides explanations for the predictions, and particularly for the errors and the events that drive these errors. We believe that digital data exploited by researchers, policymakers, and peacekeepers, with data science tools as powerful as machine learning, could contribute to maximizing the societal benefits and minimizing the risks to peace.
Scarcity of Labels in Non-Stationary Data Streams: A Survey
Authors: Fahy Conor , Yang Shengxiang , Gongora Mario
Published: January 2022

In a dynamic stream there is an assumption that the underlying process generating the stream is non-stationary and that concepts within the stream will drift and change as the stream progresses. Concepts learned by a classification model are prone to change and non-adaptive models are likely to deteriorate and become ineffective over time. The challenge of recognising and reacting to change in a stream is compounded by thescarcity of labelsproblem. This refers to the very realistic situation in which the true class label of an incoming point is not immediately available (or might never be available) or in situations where manually annotating data points are prohibitively expensive. In a high-velocity stream, it is perhaps impossible to manually label every incoming point and pursue a fully supervised approach. In this article, we formally describe the types of change, which can occur in a data-stream and then catalogue the methods for dealing with change when there is limited access to labels. We present an overview of the most influential ideas in the field along with recent advancements and we highlight trends, research gaps, and future research directions.
Free Radicals: A Franchise of One
Authors: Woodall Jerry
Published: January 2022

Everyone I know has strong opinions about what the new millennium will bring. Well, that’s all the incentive I need to toss my soothsayer hat into the ring. My topic in this regard will be: careers in science and engineering for the 21st century.
Recommendation Optimization of Physical Education for Developing the Intelligence of Autistic Children following Intelligent Collaborative Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Hao Hongzhong , Hu Sheng
Published: January 2022

Autism, a developmental disorder affecting social and communication skills, differs from most the mental handicap in showing a characteristic pattern of poor, intact, and even superior cognitive abilities. This study aims to solve the mismatch of the teaching content and mental health education for autistic children. Inspired by artificial intelligence, an improved neural network matrix factorization (NeuMF) model is designed based on the theory of collaborative filtering, and time data is added to improve the NeuMF by using the K-means clustering algorithm. Several evaluation indexes such as root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) are selected to assess the performance of the proposed model. Results show that RMSE and MAE of the improved NeuMF model are 1.251 and 0.625, respectively, which are better than collaborative filtering and traditional neural network factorization models. Moreover, the proposed model is used to recommend the activities of physical education (PE) for developing the intelligence of autistic children. This proves that the optimized model has better performance and can be used to recommend online courses for autistic users. This dynamic personalized curriculum recommendations model can help autistic children recover in a short time.
New Results on the Equivalence of
K
-Functionals and Modulus of Continuity of Functions Defined on the Sobolev Space Constructed by the Generalized Jacobi-Dunkl Operator
Authors: El Mfadel Ali , Melliani Said , Elomari M’hamed
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we establish some new generalized results on the equivalence of

K

-functionals and modulus of continuity of functions defined on the Sobolev space

L

α
,
β

2

ℝ

, by using the harmonic analysis related to the Jacobi-Dunkl operator

Δ

α
,
β

, where

α
≥
β
≥
−
1
/
2

and

α
≠
−
1
/
2

.
Research on Multimedia Teaching Model of College Sports Driven by Wireless Communication Network Environment
Authors: Peng Shengzhi
Published: January 2022

This paper for wireless communication network environment driven college sports multimedia teaching, better use of all kinds of sports teaching resources, makes the limited sports equipment sports teachers and other education resource be fully used and shared, improves the quality of classroom teaching, enriches the students’ extracurricular sports activities, and breaks the traditional restrictions of time and space of physical education. The college sports multimedia teaching model supplements and promotes students’ learning of physical education in and out of class, provides new learning space and time for college students, greatly improves students’ initiative and enthusiasm in learning education, enhances the popularization of physical education theory knowledge, and scientifically and systematically improves students’ physical education quality. In this paper, the application of multimedia technology in college physical education teaching has carried on the theoretical research; this paper mainly discusses that the university sports teaching compared with the other culture has the characteristics of and the feasibility of the application of multimedia technology in the school sports teaching and auxiliary function of physical education teaching research, the standard of multimedia wireless communication under the network environment drive platform design criteria. This paper discusses the design criteria of multimedia network education platform for physical education and puts forward the overall structure model and function module model.
“A gente nunca pensou que teria que recomeçar”: histórias de vida na extinção das fundações do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Capaverde Caroline Bastos , Lopes Fernanda Tarabal , Gómez Clara Maduell , Oltramari Andrea Poleto , Panitz Lucas Manassi
Published: January 2022

No âmbito das políticas neoliberais, é possível localizar, na história recente do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, gestões que aderiram fielmente a esses preceitos, como o recente governo de José Ivo Sartori (2015-2018). Essa optou por combinações de políticas de austeridade e de reformas a partir da diminuição da participação do Estado na sociedade. Nosso artigo busca refletir sobre as condições de vida e de trabalho dos servidores públicos estaduais gaúchos frente à crise e compreender como um casal de servidores engendra possibilidades de enfrentamento à precarização das relações de trabalho – produto da gestão neoliberal – que outrora estruturavam a vida familiar. A partir das histórias de vida de Maria e João, discorremos sobre a flagrante piora nas condições de trabalho, seja na infraestrutura e no remanejamento arbitrário, seja nos planos de carreira ou mesmo em suas estabilidades. Refletimos que, no âmbito da crise, há precarização da vida e na produção da subjetividade desses trabalhadores, o que desemboca na assunção de novos papéis sociais e reconfigurações relacionais na conjugalidade.
A percepção de agentes funerários sobre morte e vida a partir de sua experiência laboral
Authors: Souza Ana Carolina Besen de , Pretto Zuleica
Published: January 2022

Esta pesquisa pretendeu analisar como a experiência laboral do agente funerário afeta suas relações cotidianas e sua percepção sobre a morte. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco agentes funerários no Sul do Brasil. Em uma sociedade onde o tema da morte é um tabu, ao se relacionar com o corpo falecido nos rituais funerários, são despertados no trabalhador questionamentos acerca da própria finitude. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo e discutidos a partir de uma perspectiva existencialista sartriana quando os conceitos como morte e projeto-de-ser foram explorados. Identificaram-se alguns fatores que podem dificultar o trabalho dos agentes, dentre eles: a falta de preparação para o atendimento da família enlutada, a dificuldade em se deparar com a questão da morte, os impactos de seu trabalho nas relações pessoais e a visão social sobre as características de seu trabalho.
“Nós passamos por uns maus bocados”: análise das narrativas dos serv(i)dores públicos federais sobre o trabalhar
Authors: Monteiro Thaís Moura , Ghizoni Liliam Deisy , Silva Thayanne Karoline Abreu e , Morais Geovanna Gomes de
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma escuta clínica do sofrimento no trabalho com um grupo de servidores públicos federais. O aporte teórico é da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e o percurso metodológico centra-se na construção de um espaço de discussão proposto pela prática clínica, com uso dos seguintes dispositivos: análise da demanda, transferência e interpretação; formação do clínico e supervisão clínica. Objetiva-se analisar as narrativas dos participantes por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo. Foram realizadas 12 sessões com a participação de 11 servidores. Conclui-se que o uso dos dispositivos clínicos permitiu que os serv(i)dores mudassem suas atitudes frente ao trabalho, visto que atribuíram novos sentidos ao trabalho, (re)significando, assim, os conteúdos que desencadearam sofrimento intenso. Desse modo, percebeu-se que houve uma reorganização do sistema defensivo. Confirma-se, assim, a importância da clínica como potencial político de organização coletiva.
Assédio moral: uma análise a partir da percepção de advogados que defenderam trabalhadores assediados
Authors: Zamarchi Morgana , Rissi Vanessa , Tomasi Lívia Bedin
Published: January 2022

O assédio moral tem reverberado em pedidos indenizatórios junto ao poder judiciário trabalhista, e muitos deles têm sido negados. Dentre os motivos, estão as inconsistências apresentadas pelos advogados nos processos judiciais. Desse modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a compreensão dos advogados em relação ao assédio moral no trabalho, por meio de um estudo qualitativo com 16 advogados, que defenderam ao menos um processo de assédio moral. Os dados oriundos de entrevistas foram tratados por análise de conteúdo, gerando categorias temáticas a posteriori. Os principais
achados indicaram compreensões sobre o assédio moral divergentes do embasamento jurídico e psicológico, em termos de definição e caracterização, bem como quanto à distinção entre assédio e dano moral. Ademais, os advogados informaram os principais meios de prova utilizados, as dificuldades no estabelecimento do nexo causal entre assédio e
adoecimento e relataram condutas enganosas que contribuem para fragilizar a noção de assédio moral. Os resultados geram preocupações quanto ao enfrentamento do assédio moral no trabalho, indicando a necessidade de qualificar a compreensão dos advogados.
O rompimento com o trabalho por doença e o enfrentamento da nova realidade
Authors: Dourado Amanda Dias , Zambroni-de-Souza Paulo César , Araújo Anísio José da Silva , Bolis Ivan
Published: January 2022

O objetivo geral desse artigo é analisar como os trabalhadores afastados do ambiente laboral por motivo de doença vivenciaram o rompimento com o trabalho e quais perspectivas de futuro elaboraram a partir dessa vivência. Participaram do estudo nove trabalhadores afastados do ambiente laboral por motivo de doença, usuários de um Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à análise de conteúdo temática, com o auxílio teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Evidenciou-se que os trabalhadores chegam a preferir os sofrimentos vivenciados no trabalho àqueles oriundos do seu afastamento, assim como possuem expectativas frustradas de reconhecimento, somadas às limitações para o alcance de melhores perspectivas profissionais.
Linking the Brain with Behavior: The Neural Dynamics of Success and Failure in Goal-directed Behavior
Authors: Robinson Amanda K. , Rich Anina N. , Woolgar Alexandra
Published: January 2022

The human brain is extremely flexible and capable of rapidly selecting relevant information in accordance with task goals. Regions of frontoparietal cortex flexibly represent relevant task information such as task rules and stimulus features when participants perform tasks successfully, but less is known about how information processing breaks down when participants make mistakes. This is important for understanding whether and when information coding recorded with neuroimaging is directly meaningful for behavior. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to assess the temporal dynamics of information processing and linked neural responses with goal-directed behavior by analyzing how they changed on behavioral error. Participants performed a difficult stimulus–response task using two stimulus–response mapping rules. We used time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis to characterize the progression of information coding from perceptual information about the stimulus, cue and rule coding, and finally, motor response. Response-aligned analyses revealed a ramping up of perceptual information before a correct response, suggestive of internal evidence accumulation. Strikingly, when participants made a stimulus-related error, and not when they made other types of errors, patterns of activity initially reflected the stimulus presented, but later reversed, and accumulated toward a representation of the “incorrect” stimulus. This suggests that the patterns recorded at later time points reflect an internally generated stimulus representation that was used to make the (incorrect) decision. These results illustrate the orderly and overlapping temporal dynamics of information coding in perceptual decision-making and show a clear link between neural patterns in the late stages of processing and behavior.
Low Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with a Greater Neural Response to Both Rewards and Losses
Authors: White Stuart F. , Nusslock Robin , Miller Gregory E.
Published: January 2022

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with distinct patterns of reward processing, which appear to have adverse implications for health outcomes, well-being, and human capital. However, most studies in this literature have used complex tasks that engage more than reward processing and/or retrospectively studied childhood SES in samples of adults. To clarify how SES relates to the development of reward processing tendencies, we measured income-to-poverty ratio (IPR) in 172 youth who subsequently underwent functional MRI while completing a passive avoidance task to assess neural responses to reward and loss information. Participants were 12–15 years old (mean = 13.94, SD = .52; 65.7% female) from a sample broadly representative of the Chicago area in terms of SES (IPR range = 0.1–34.53; mean = 3.90; SD = 4.15) and racial makeup (40.1% White 30.8% Black; 29.1% Hispanic). To the extent they had lower IPR, children displayed a trend toward worse behavioral performance on the passive avoidance task. Lower IPR also was associated with a greater response in attention brain regions to reward and loss cues and to reward and loss feedback. Lower IPR also was associated with reduced differentiation between reward and loss feedback in the ventromedial prefrontal and parietal cortex. The current data suggest that both increased salience of reward/loss information and reduced discrimination between reward and loss feedback could be factors linking SES with the development of human capital and health outcomes.
Cognitive Control as a Multivariate Optimization Problem
Authors: Ritz Harrison , Leng Xiamin , Shenhav Amitai
Published: January 2022

A hallmark of adaptation in humans and other animals is our ability to control how we think and behave across different settings. Research has characterized the various forms cognitive control can take—including enhancement of goal-relevant information, suppression of goal-irrelevant information, and overall inhibition of potential responses—and has identified computations and neural circuits that underpin this multitude of control types. Studies have also identified a wide range of situations that elicit adjustments in control allocation (e.g., those eliciting signals indicating an error or increased processing conflict), but the rules governing when a given situation will give rise to a given control adjustment remain poorly understood. Significant progress has recently been made on this front by casting the allocation of control as a decision-making problem. This approach has developed unifying and normative models that prescribe when and how a change in incentives and task demands will result in changes in a given form of control. Despite their successes, these models, and the experiments that have been developed to test them, have yet to face their greatest challenge: deciding how to select among the multiplicity of configurations that control can take at any given time. Here, we will lay out the complexities of the inverse problem inherent to cognitive control allocation, and their close parallels to inverse problems within motor control (e.g., choosing between redundant limb movements). We discuss existing solutions to motor control's inverse problems drawn from optimal control theory, which have proposed that effort costs act to regularize actions and transform motor planning into a well-posed problem. These same principles may help shed light on how our brains optimize over complex control configuration, while providing a new normative perspective on the origins of mental effort.
Votive Offerings, Graffiti, or Scribal Exercises?
Authors: Wearne Gareth J.
Published: January 2022

This short article revisits the question whether a class of inscriptions from the Phoenician city of Sarepta and the Israelite settlement at Kuntillet ʿAjrud should be understood as votive offerings, graffiti, or scribal exercises. It argues that differences in the manner of execution mean the Sarepta and Kuntillet ʿAjrud inscriptions resist attempts to impose a single unifying explanation. By doing so, it yields insights into the nature of sacrificial terminology in the world of the Hebrew Bible and offers a more nuanced understanding of the mlkʾmr sacrifices that are named in some Punic inscriptions.
Siding with the Jews: מתיהדים in Esth 8:17
Authors: Thambyrajah Jonathan
Published: January 2022

The hapax legomenon, מתיהדים, in Esth 8:17 has typically been interpreted as “becoming Jews” or “pretending to become Jews.” Based on contextual factors, we argue that neither of those interpretations is satisfactory. Instead, we argue for the meaning, “siding with the Jews” or “joining with the Jews.”
« Bénissez YHWH ! » : Le verbe bénir (ברך) entre la philologie biblique et l’autorité des massorètes
Authors: Himbaza Innocent
Published: January 2022

The masoretic manuscripts and the Hebrew grammars have transmitted two different ways of vocalizing the imperative form of the verb ברך « to bless ». The Tiberian manuscripts, such as Alep and Leningrad B 19a, contain בָּרֲכוּ, while since the twelfth century on, the majority of manuscripts and contemporary editions have read the orthography בָּֽרְכוּ. Different vocalizations of ר (reš) probably reflect dialectal divergences, and a new generation of Hebrew grammar should reflect them as well. The Practice of Ben Asher, who mainly used the ḥatef pataḥ, became the minority, while the use of the šwa by Ben Naftali became the majority and was later taken up by Norzi in the seventeenth century. Thus, the masoretes’ authority is a philological issue in the printed editions of the Hebrew Bible.
Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski’s collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
Authors: RONIKIER ANNA
Published: January 2022

Donald T. Kowalski’s herbarium collection gathered in 1960s is among the most important historical documentation of nivicolous myxomycete diversity in North America. A revision of speciose genus Lamproderma from this collection deposited in UC was undertaken. Based on examination of 95 specimens that were originally classified by Kowalski into 13 species, 25 species have been recognized. The identity of seven species: L. arcyrionema, L. biasperosporum, L. columbinum, L. disseminatum, L. echinosporum, L. maculatum, and L. scintillans was confirmed and all specimens represented the species as originally determined by Kowalski. Remaining 18 species were either differently interpreted or not distinguished by Kowalski. The most interesting of them is a single collection of Diacheopsis sp. that most likely belongs to an undescribed species. Attempts to obtain molecular barcode reference sequences from Kowalski’s specimens failed, likely due to the degradation of DNA induced by chemical treatment of collections in the past, thus this material remains available only for morphological comparisons. Results of the present revision contribute to more adequate estimation of diversity of Lamproderma species in the USA revealing a much higher number of species than originally reported. More generally, these results emphasize a need of revisions of old collections what is particularly important in the genera like Lamproderma where taxonomic changes proposed during last decades made older published records unequivocal or difficult to interpret.
Development of Ecofriendly Carbon Dots for Improving Solubility and Antinociceptive Activity of Glycyrrhizic Acid
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Cheng Jinjun , Luo Juan , Hu Jie , Zhang Yue , Sun Ziwei , Cao Peng , Kong Hui , Qu Huihua , Zhao Yan
Published: January 2022

The therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) with various pharmacological properties is extremely limited owing to its poor water solubility. To solve this problem, nanocarrier-nontoxic Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-derived carbon dots (GRR-CDs) with a narrow particle
distribution of (1.90 ±0.44) nm were developed by an ecofriendly, simple and low-cost calcination method using GRR as the sole precursor. Then, the solubility of GA was shown to be prominently improved up to 27 times by GRR-CDs via a convenient and cost-effective ultrasonic dispersion
method without needing to add any organic reagent. Various technologies were further used to demonstrate the interaction between GA and GRR-CDs. In addition, a release study in vitro exhibited a sustained release of GA for 24 h with a higher release ratio of up to 92.87% compared with
that of pure GA. A significantly higher antinociceptive activity of the GRR-CDs-GA complexes compared to unprocessed GRR-CDs and GA was further demonstrated in both hot-plate model and acetic acid-induced writhing model. These results support the promising application of GRR-CDs as a potential
tool for improving the solubility and antinociceptive activity of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as GA.
Exploring views of relatives and mental health professionals to inform the cultural adaptation of a family intervention for schizophrenia in Oman: A qualitative study
Authors: Al Sawafi Aziza , Lovell Karina , Renwick Laoise , Husain Nusrat
Published: January 2022

Background:

Family interventions (FI) for schizophrenia were primarily developed and practised in the West. It has been proven that cultural adaptation for FI facilitates its uptake and improves therapy outcomes; however, the majority of literature on the development of FI focussed on outpatient or community settings, and little attention has been paid to in-patient units. There is an opportunity to engage with the family during admission, particularly in Asia.

Aims:

To explore relatives’ and mental health professionals’ views and opinions to inform the cultural adaptation of FI for hospitalised patients with schizophrenia in Oman. It also aimed to gain consensus on items that need adaptation.

Methods:

We conducted semi-structured interviews with the caregivers ( n = 20) and two separate focus groups with psychiatrists ( n = 7) and nurses ( n = 5). Another consensus group was a mix of both ( n = 6) to develop agreement and solve discrepant issues. The data were analysed using framework analysis to identify the intervention components and delivery system.

Results:

Modifications to existing components indicated that the cultural adaption of the intervention focussed more on themes such as religious and spiritual causes of mental illness, simplified language, format of delivery as individual sessions and culturally relevant and acceptable problem solving and coping skills. The components of the intervention identified as psychoeducation, problem-solving and emotional support. The consensus group finalised the intervention’s content and delivery system concerning training needs and issues and barriers to implementation. The proposed culturally adapted FI for hospitalised patients requires a flexible approach to meet the family’s needs.

Conclusions:

The findings of the study indicated that FI is an acceptable and feasible approach to be delivered during hospitalisation. The intervention will be accompanied with an intervention manual, which will be tested in a future feasibility study.