bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museologia social e museus universitários
Authors: Teixeira Sidélia
Published: February 2025

Este artigo relata a realização de um processo museológico social, envolvendo ensino, pesquisa e extensão em um museu universitário. Aborda-se a questão da Museologia social como campo que opera com a memória e o patrimônio numa linha de transformação social, com base em ações que promovem a cidadania e o protagonismo social dos sujeitos envolvidos. Considera-se que o desenvolvimento sustentável é complexo e precisa incluir nas suas propostas aspectos memoriais e patrimoniais das comunidades. Discute-se ainda que as universidades têm um compromisso com a realização de estudos e projetos interdisciplinares de intervenção social. Para tanto, apresenta-se uma experiência articulada no âmbito da Universidade Federal da Bahia que contemplou ensino, pesquisa e extensão de maneira integrada com o grupo indígena Kamayurá. Conclui-se com a ideia de que a realização de experiências museais com os grupos originários enriquecem os processos de proteção, investigação e comunicação museológica, numa linha de mão dupla tanto nas instituições museais convencionais como nos espaços das populações originárias.
Implementasi Metode Template Matching Pada Kotak Amal
Authors: Vharisha Dhea , Bastomi Aldi , Saputra Zanu , Andik Setiawan I Made
Published: February 2025

The charity box is a place to collect alms from the community. Currently, the charity box that we often encounter in the money counting system in the charity box is still required to open the lid of the charity box and count manually. Therefore, a system is needed that can recognize banknote denominations and automatically calculate the nominal amount of banknotes that go into the charity box. The aim of this research is to design and create a system for reading nominal banknotes using a Logitech C3010 webcam and monitoring the number of banknotes using the MIT App Inventor application. In this research, the author uses the template matching method to identify the nominal value of banknotes that go into the charity box. Based on the test results, the template matching method can be implemented to detect nominal banknotes with a threshold value of  >0.40 and an effective distance of 20-30 cm so that the nominal money produced is detected very well.
River Erriff sea trout Salmo trutta revisited: Comment on Gargan et al. (2016)
Authors: O’Farrell M
Published: February 2025

I point out errors in data presentation and interpretation and weaknesses in the methods used by Gargan et al. (2016; Aquacult Environ Interact 8:675-689) to describe sea trout and fisheries in the Erriff River system, Ireland. Based on my findings, 13 of the 15 response variables which relate to sea trout are compromised. As a result of these failures, the overall findings and conclusions by Gargan et al. (2016) may also be compromised and invalidate their assessment of the characteristics of sea trout in the Erriff system, especially for the years 1985-2004. There are also serious chronological errors in Gargan et al. (2016), some of which have recently been corrected (see https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v8/c_p675-689/). Their analysis concerns the structure of sea trout populations before and after the widely reported collapse of West of Ireland sea trout stocks in 1989/1990—but not before and after the commencement of salmon farming in Killary Harbour as originally alleged in Gargan et al. (2016). With regard to the remaining 2 response variables, which relate to sea lice, no attempt has been made in Gargan et al. (2016) to link sea lice to changes in the Erriff sea trout population.
Narratives of Divide: The Polarizing Power of Large Language Models in a Turbulent World
Authors: Saqr Khalid
Published: February 2025

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping information consumption and influencing public discourse, raising concerns over their role in narrative control and polarization. This study applies Wittgenstein’s theory of language games to analyze worldviews embedded in responses from four LLMs. Surface analysis revealed minimal variability in semantic similarity, thematic focus, and sentiment patterns. However, the deep analysis, using zero-shot classification across geopolitical, ideological, and philosophical dimensions, uncovered key divergences: liberalism (H = 12.51, p = 0.006), conservatism (H = 8.76, p = 0.033), and utilitarianism (H = 8.56, p = 0.036). One LLM demonstrated strong pro-globalization and liberal tendencies, while another leaned toward pro-sovereignty and national security frames. Diverging philosophical perspectives, including preferences for utilitarian versus deontological reasoning, further amplified these contrasts. The findings highlight that LLMs, when scaled globally, could serve as covert instruments in narrative warfare, necessitating deeper scrutiny of their societal impact.
The Need for a Best Practices Guide for Political Science Internships
Authors: Cox Gloria
Published: February 2025

The Need for a Best Practices Guide for Political Science Internships Whatever our academic focus, political scientists are facing new demands to prepare students for a career rather than simply a degree. For decades, internships have been part of our effort to merge academic learning with the development of skills important to the workplace, and most departments have internship opportunities as part of their curriculum. With the current focus on rethinking political science education, it is time to adopt a best practices guide to provide greater clarity and uniformity to internships in our discipline. This paper seeks to discuss the reasons why we need such a guide and how it would benefit both students and faculty members.
Penguatan Strategi Branding Kreatif dan Pemasaran Digital yang Terarah untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM Kopi
Authors: Barki Khotimatul
Published: February 2025

Dalam era persaingan pasar yang semakin ketat, UMKM kopi dihadapkan pada tantangan untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan posisi bisnis melalui strategi branding yang efektif serta pemanfaatan teknologi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus pada beberapa UMKM kopi yang menerapkan strategi branding kreatif dan pemasaran digital. Metode penelitian menggunakan Studi Kajian Literatur dengan PRISMA. Artikel diperoleh melalui publish or perish, disaring sesuai konsep penelitian, dan dianalisis sesuai rumusan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi branding yang efektif, dengan penekanan pada identitas merek yang kuat dan konsisten, sangat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya saing UMKM kopi. Selain itu, pemanfaatan media sosial dan pemasaran konten terbukti meningkatkan visibilitas merek dan memperluas jangkauan pasar. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya diversifikasi produk dan kolaborasi dengan pihak terkait dalam memperkuat posisi UMKM kopi di pasar. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk mengoptimalkan kompetensi digital pelaku UMKM kopi melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam pemanfaatan teknologi digital, serta memperkuat perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual untuk menjaga keunikan produk. Diharapkan, dengan penerapan strategi ini, UMKM kopi dapat meningkatkan daya saing usaha secara berkelanjutan dan meraih pertumbuhan yang lebih signifikan.
Aproximações entre os direitos humanos e os direitos da personalidade
Authors: Vieira Ana Elisa Silva Fernandes , Moreira Mariana Louzano , Siqueira Dirceu Pereira
Published: February 2025

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os direitos humanos e sua relação com os direitos da personalidade. Divide-se a pesquisa em três seções. Na primeira seção, contextualiza os direitos humanos, conceito, histórico e fundamentos. Em seguida, analisa os direitos da personalidade, sua conceituação e localização no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Por fim, verifica possíveis aproximações entre os direitos humanos e os direitos da personalidade, a partir de fundamentos históricos e fundamentos teóricos de ambos os direitos. Utiliza o método de abordagem dedutivo e como técnica de investigação emprega a revisão bibliográfica nacional em artigos, livros, físicos e eletrônicos, disponíveis nas bases de dados em plataformas nacionais. Como resultados finais, concluiu-se que embora os direitos humanos e os direitos de personalidade sejam, de fato, categorias de direitos diversas, há pontos que permitem a reflexão quanto à possível aproximação de tais direitos.
Do poder familiar no direito brasileiro
Authors: Lonchiati Fabrizia Angelica Bonatto , Alves Letícia Aparecida
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a evolução histórica do poder familiar no direito brasileiro, bem como elencar suas características e explanar as hipóteses de perda, suspensão e destituição. Ainda, busca esclarecer a forma como ocorre sua titularidade e exercício, como também discorrer sobre suas principais funções: criação e educação, companhia e guarda. Por fim, traça um paralelo com a atual estrutura da guarda compartilhada na legislação pátria, com a finalidade de demonstrar a importância da parentalidade responsável e do melhor interesse da criança, tanto ao estabelecer o modelo de guarda quanto ao proporcionar o exercício do instituto. Nesta linha, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico, conclui-se que, apesar de ser necessária uma análise concreta de cada caso, levando em consideração o que melhor convém ao infante, a guarda compartilhada é a melhor forma de proporcionar total igualdade aos genitores para exercer a autoridade parental, em razão de possibilitar o convívio igualitário do filho com ambos.
Quality identification of Amomi fructus using E-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and intelligent data fusion methods
Authors: Zhang Pan-Pan , Gui Xin-Jing , Fan Xue-Hua , Han-Li  , Li Hai-Yang , Li Xiao-Peng , Dong Feng-Yu , Wang Yan-Li , Jing-Yao  , Shi Jun-Han , Liu Rui-Xin
Published: February 2025

Amomi fructus (AF) has been used for both medicinal and food purposes for centuries. However, issues such as source mixing, substandard quality, and product adulteration often affect its efficacy. This study used E-nose (EN) and headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) to determine and analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in AF and its counterfeit products. A total of 111 VOCs were detected by HS-GC-IMS, with 101 tentatively identified. Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) identified 47 VOCs as differential markers for distinguishing authentic AF from counterfeits (VIP value >1 and P < 0.05). Based on the E-nose sensor response value and the peak volumes of the 111 VOCs, the unguided Principal Component Analysis (PCA), guided Principal Component Analysis-Discriminant Analysis (PCA-DA), and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) models were established to differentiate AF by authenticity, origin, and provenance. The authenticity identification model achieved 100.00% accuracy after PCA analysis, while the origin identification model and the provenance identification model were 95.65% (HS-GC-IMS: PLS-DA) and 98.18% (HS-GC-IMS: PCA-DA/PLS-DA), respectively. Further data-level fusion of E-nose and HS-GC-IMS significantly improved the accuracy of the origin identification model to 97.96% (PLS-DA), outperforming single-source data modeling. In conclusion, the intelligent data fusion algorithm based on E-nose and HS-GC-IMS data effectively identifies the authenticity, origin, and provenance of AF, providing a rapid and accurate method for quality evaluation.
Case Report: PCI of the left coronary artery after salvage operation in a comatose patient with an acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Bidovec Jan , Risteski Petar , Stähli Barbara E. , Dzemali Omer , Hofmann Michael , Stehli Julia
Published: February 2025

A 74-year-old female was found hemiplegic in a public restroom. After arrival in our stroke unit, a computed tomography (CT) was performed, and she was diagnosed with bilateral carotid artery and right vertebral artery occlusion due to an acute type A aortic dissection. The patient deteriorated quickly to a GCS of 3 and was brought to the operating room, where a salvage replacement of the ascending aorta and the proximal aortic arch was performed with unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion. Three days later, a significant decrease in left ventricular function and increase in cardiac biomarkers were observed. Coronary CT displayed residual dissection of the aortic root, extending into the left main coronary artery. The patient underwent an intravascular ultrasound-guided stenting of the left main, resulting in total recovery of heart function. She was extubated on the fourth postoperative day, with no residual neurological impairment. This case report advocates for the proper management of patients with ATAAD with severe neurological impairment, emphasizing the importance of a robust multidisciplinary approach in their care.
Key factors influencing school violence in Peruvian emblematic schools post-pandemic
Authors: Beraun-Vasquez Hilda , Fabian-Arias Eugenia , Ruiz-Balvin Maribel
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the factors influencing school violence among students in emblematic educational institutions in the Junín region post-pandemic. A quantitative and explanatory study was conducted with a sample of 1,656 students, aged 12 to 18, selected through simple random sampling. Data collection instruments included a questionnaire for assessing various factors and the School Bullying and Violence Test (AVE) for measuring school violence. Validity was ensured through expert judgment and a pilot test, while reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, with values of 0.832 and 0.802. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis. The personal factor (β = 0.39, p < 0.001) had a direct and significant influence on school violence. The family factor showed a low and negative relationship (β = −0.06, p < 0.017). The educational factor also presented a negative relationship (β = −0.16, p < 0.001), indicating that changes in norms and structure could reduce violence. Adolescents’ personal factors, such as emotional distress, irritability, and anxiety, directly influence school violence. The family factor did not significantly influence violence, as families felt more cohesive during confinement, acting protectively post-pandemic. The educational factor impacts school violence when norms are not enforced, supervision is insufficient, and spaces are limited.
Mobile language app learners’ self-efficacy increases after using generative AI
Authors: Kittredge Audrey K. , Hopman Elise W. M. , Reuveni Ben , Dionne Danielle , Freeman Cassie , Jiang Xiangying
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Although generative artificial intelligence (AI) is ubiquitous, there is little research on how it supports self-efficacy (learners’ belief that they can perform at a particular level on a specific task). The purpose of these studies was to investigate self-efficacy development in a generative AI-based language learning experience.

Methods

In two studies, learners (N = 385) of French/Spanish used AI-based features offering conversation practice and on-demand explanations in a mobile app (Duolingo) for 1 month. Before and after using the features, learners reported their self-efficacy and other perceptions.

Results

In Study 1, learners who had already used the features felt significantly more prepared to use French/Spanish in real-life situations after 1 month, as did learners in Study 2 who used the features for the first time. Learners in Study 2 also felt significantly more prepared to share their opinions and navigate a city, and reported significantly higher self-efficacy for speaking and understanding grammar and mistakes. Across studies, the majority of learners agreed that the AI-based features effectively supported learning, and reported using their learning outside the app.

Discussion

These results provide the first evidence of enhanced language learning self-efficacy after use of generative AI, building on findings from classroom interventions.
Pulmonary and systemic immune alterations in rats exposed to airborne lunar dust
Authors: Crucian Brian E. , Quiriarte Heather , Lam Chiu-wing , Nelman Mayra , Colorado Audrie A. , Diak Douglass M. , James John T.
Published: February 2025

Background

Due to cosmic radiation bombardment and over 4 billion meteorite and micrometeoroid impacts on the airless Moon, the lunar surface is covered by a layer of fine, reactive dust. Very little is known regarding the toxicity of lunar dust on human physiology. This study assessed airborne lunar dust exposure in rats on localized pulmonary and systemic immune parameters.

Methods

Rats were exposed to 0 (air only), 20.8 (low), and 60.6 (high) mg/m3 of respirable-size lunar dust for 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). Rats were then euthanized either 1 day, 7 days, 4 weeks, or 13 weeks after the last exposure. Peripheral blood and lung lavage fluid samples were collected for analysis. Assays included leukocyte distribution by multicolor flow cytometry and electron/fluorescent microscopy to visualize cell–particulate interactions and lavage/plasma cytokine concentration. Mitogen-stimulated cytokine production profiles, as a measure of cellular function, were performed on whole blood samples only.

Results

Untreated lavage fluid was comprised primarily of pulmonary macrophages. High-dose lunar dust inhalation (60.6 mg/m3) resulted in an influx of both neutrophils and lymphocytes. Although the percentage of lymphocytes increased, the T-cell CD4:CD8 ratio was unchanged. Cytokine analysis of the lavage fluid showed increased levels of IL-1β and TNFα. These alterations generally persisted through the 13-week sampling. Blood analysis showed few systemic immune alterations from the lunar dust inhalation. By week 4, the peripheral granulocyte percentage was elevated in the treated rats. Plasma cytokine levels were unchanged in all treated rats compared to controls; however, altered mitogen-stimulated cytokine production profiles were observed consisting of increased IL-1β and IL-6 and decreased IL-2. There were minimal adverse immune effects, in both lung or peripheral blood, following low-dose exposure to 20.8 mg/m3 lunar dust.

Conclusion

Exposures to high concentrations of lunar dust resulted in persistent lung inflammation and some systemic immune dysregulation that did not subside even 13 weeks after the dust exposure. This information is beneficial in deriving an exposure limit to airborne lunar dust and for spacecraft engineers considering dust mitigation systems in lunar landers or habitats.
Unleashing the potential of a low CpG Passer transposon for superior CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Zeng Jianyao , Sun Yan , Fang Yuan , Wang Xiaodie , Huang Qian , Zhang Pingjing , Shao Meiqi , Wang Pei , Cheng Jingbo , Di Meng , Liu Tao , Qian Qijun
Published: February 2025

Background

To date, the non-viral vector Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell preparation platform, exemplified by transposons, has demonstrated significant potential in tumor immunotherapy and yielded positive results in multiple clinical trials. Nonetheless, non-methylated CpG sequences within plasmid DNA can elicit an inflammatory response via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) during CAR-T cell preparation, adversely affecting transgene expression. Additionally, de novo DNA methylation programs promote T cell exhaustion, which poses a significant limitation for CAR-T cell therapy applications.

Methods

High-throughput liquid protein chip and CBA analyses were utilized to determine the expression levels of inflammatory factors. Flow cytometry and luciferase reporter assays were employed for mutation screening. BALB/c mice and M-NSG mice were used to evaluate the inflammatory response and efficacy of LCG CAR-T in vivo, with TIL grouping detected via immunohistochemistry.

Results

In this study, we modified the newly discovered Passer (JL) transposon to construct a low-CpG content transposon for CAR-T cell (LCG CAR-T cell) preparation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LCG CAR-T cells prepared using this new transposon exhibited stronger cytotoxicity. In animal models, LCG CAR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased the populations of CD4+CAR-T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Furthermore, LCG CAR-T cells modulated pro-inflammatory cytokine release, thereby reducing in vivo inflammatory responses and surpassing the effects observed with unmodified CAR-T cells.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results demonstrate the high safety and efficacy of non-viral, low CpG Passer transposon CAR-T cells, offering new avenues for improving CAR-T cell efficacy while minimizing in vivo inflammation.
Biological characterization of novel Escherichia coli O157:H7 phages and their bacteriostatic effects in milk and pork
Authors: Ren Qinghai , Wang Zhiwei , Ge Yichen , Huang Yucui , Zhang Wei , Liu Chunxue , Li Yubao , Cao Shengliang
Published: February 2025

Foodborne bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, are significant contributors to foodborne illnesses, with antibiotic overuse exacerbating the issue through the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. This study investigated the potential of E. coli phages in food safety, examining their biological traits and bacteriostatic properties. Two phages (vB_EcoP_SD2, vB_EcoP_SD6) of E. coli O157:H7 were isolated from slaughterhouse sewage and characterized for morphology, genomic composition, phage phylogenetic tree, optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth curve, thermal and pH stability and antibacterial efficacy. The optimal MOIs of vB_EcoP_SD2 and vB_EcoP_SD6 was 0.1 and 0.01, and temperature range for maintaining activity was 4°C to 55°C. The host range of vB_EcoP_SD2 and vB_EcoP_SD6 was 65% (13/20) and 55% (11/20), which was partially complementary to each other (75%, 15/20). Notably, vB_EcoP_SD2 displayed a latent period of 10 min, a burst period of 80 min, and a burst volume of 80 PFU per cell, while vB_EcoP_SD6 had a burst volume of 10 PFU per cell. Comprehensive whole-genome analysis confirmed two phages has no presence of pathogenic factors or resistance genes. Genomic comparisons suggest vB_EcoP_SD2 and vB_EcoP_SD6, respectively, constituted a novel member of a new genus, Justusliebigvirus genus and Kayfunavirus genus which genome, respectively, was found to be 1,49,066 bp, 40,202 bp long with an average GC content of 37.5 and 49.8%. The phages effectively inhibited host bacteria in LB broth for at least 6 h and showed promise in inhibiting bacteria in milk and pork, which indicated that the two phages exhibited a favorable bacteriostatic effect on milk and pork within the first 6 h under the optimal MOI. In the milk bacteriostasis experiment, vB_EcoP_SD2 could reduce bacteria by 3.16 × 104 CFU/mL, and vB_EcoP_SD6 could reduce bacteria by 1.05 × 104 CFU/mL. Phage vB_EcoP_SD2 decreased bacteria by 1.14 × 104 CFU/mL, and vB_EcoP_SD6 decreased bacteria by 2.04 × 103 CFU/mL in the pork. There was no disparity in bacteriostatic effect of different MOI within the first 6 h, but bacteriostatic effect of all groups still remained different from that of the control group. This study indicates the two phages possess excellent biological characteristics, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of natural fungicides.
Deciphering the role of miRNA-mRNA interactions in cerebral vasospasm post intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Chu Xiang , Zhu Xiyan , Xu Honghao , Zhao Wenbing , Guo Debin , Chen Xing , Wu Jinze , Li Lei , Wang Hao , Fei Jun
Published: February 2025

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS), a serious complication following subarachnoid hemorrhage, is associated with high rates of mortality and disability. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal miRNA and mRNA are involved in the development of CVS. This study aims to identify essential miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs that contribute to CVS pathogenesis. We compared the differences between spasm and non-spasm groups after cerebral hemorrhage, identifying 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 19 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) related to cerebral vasospasm from the GEO database. Further functional enrichment and KEGG analysis revealed that these DEGs were enriched in several terms and pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, RNA degradation, and folate biosynthesis signaling pathway. By employing the degree scores method for each gene, we identified the top 10 genes and developed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Additionally, we discovered 19 DEMs associated with CVS and integrated them with mRNA dataset analysis to construct a miRNA-mRNA network, which comprised 8 functionally differentially expressed DEMs and 6 target mRNAs. Experimental validation confirmed the significant regulatory roles of four miRNAs (Let-7a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-29-3p, and miR-132-3p) and two mRNAs (CDK6 and SLC2A1) in the pathogenesis of CVS. In conclusion, this comprehensive study identifies pivotal miRNAs and their target mRNAs associated with CVS through an integrated bioinformatics analysis of miRNA-mRNA co-expression networks. This approach elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying CVS and uncovers potential therapeutic targets, thereby providing a valuable foundation for refining and optimizing future treatment strategies.
Exploring the CD3/CD56/TNF-α/Caspase3 pathway in pyrethroid-induced immune dysregulation: curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticle intervention
Authors: Alsubaie Nawal , Abd-Elhakim Yasmina M. , Mohamed Amany Abdel-Rahman , Khamis Tarek , Metwally Mohamed M. M. , Helmi Nawal , Alnajeebi Afnan M. , Alotaibi Badriyah S. , Albaqami Amirah , Mawkili Wedad , Samak Mai A. , Eissa Samar A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Conflict reports exist on the impact of pyrethroid insecticides on immune function and the probable underlying mechanisms.

Methods

This study evaluated the effect of an extensively used pyrethroid insecticide, fenpropathrin (FTN) (15 mg/kg b.wt), on the innate and humoral immune components, blood cells, splenic oxidative status, and mRNA expression of CD3, CD20, CD56, CD8, CD4, IL-6, TNF-α, and Caspase3 in a 60-day trial in rats. Besides, the possible defensive effect of curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticle (CML-CNP) (50 mg/kg b.wt) was evaluated.

Results

FTN exposure resulted in hypochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia. Besides, a significant reduction in IgG, not IgM, but increased C3 serum levels was evident in the FTN-exposed rats. Moreover, their splenic tissues displayed a substantial increase in the ROS, MDA, IL-6, and IL-1β content, altered splenic histology, and reduced GPX, GSH, and GSH/GSSG. Furthermore, a substantial upregulation of mRNA expression of splenic CD20, CD56, CD8, CD4, CD3, IL-6, and TNF-α, but downregulation of CD8 was detected in FTN-exposed rats. FTN exposure significantly upregulated splenic Caspase-3 and increased its immunohistochemical expression, along with elevated TNF-α immunoexpression. However, the alterations in immune function, splenic antioxidant status, blood cell populations, and immune-related gene expression were notably restored in the FTN + CML-CNP-treated group.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlighted the immunosuppressive effects of FTN and suggested the involvement of many CD cell markers as a potential underlying mechanism. Additionally, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of CML-CNP in mitigating pollutant-induced immune disorders.
Novel features of asymmetric nuclear matter from terrestrial experiments and astrophysical observations of neutron stars
Authors: Miyatsu Tsuyoshi , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Kim Kyungsik , Saito Koichi
Published: February 2025

The accurate measurement of neutron skin thickness of 208Pb by the PREX Collaboration suggests a large value of the nuclear symmetry energy slope parameter, L, whereas the smaller L is preferred to account for the small neutron-star radii from NICER observations. To resolve this discrepancy between nuclear experiments and astrophysical observations, new effective interactions have been developed using relativistic mean-field models with the isoscalar- and isovector-meson mixing. We investigate the effects of δ-nucleon coupling and σ–δ mixing on the ground-state properties of finite nuclei, as well as the characteristics of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter and neutron stars. Additionally, we explore the role of the quartic ρ-meson self-interaction in dense nuclear matter to mitigate the stiff equation of state for neutron stars resulting from the large δ-nucleon coupling. It is found that the nuclear symmetry energy undergoes a sudden softening at approximately twice the saturation density of nuclear matter, taking into account the PREX-2 result, the recent NICER observation of PSR J0437−4715, and the binary neutron star merger, GW170817.
Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to precipitation change in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Chai Hua , Ma Jianying , Zhang Jinwei , Li Junqin , Meng Bo , Wang Chengliang , Pan Duofeng , Li Jie , Sun Wei , Zhou Xuhui
Published: February 2025

Carbon (C) fluxes in semiarid grasslands subject to precipitation variability play a critical role in the terrestrial C cycle. However, how ecosystem C fluxes respond to variability in precipitation (both decreases and increases precipitation along a gradient) remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a three-year field experiment in a semiarid grassland, with six precipitation treatments (precipitation decreased by 70%, 50%, and 30% [P–70%, P–50%, and P–30%], natural precipitation [P+0%], and precipitation increased by 30% and 50% [P+30% and P+50%]) to examine how variations in precipitation influence ecosystem C fluxes, specifically focusing on gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). We found that both decreased and increased precipitation significantly altered the GEP (from –26% to 14%), but only decreased precipitation significantly reduced the ER and NEE (from 1% to 31%), relative to their values during natural precipitation. This suggests that ecosystem C fluxes are more sensitive to decreased precipitation, and respond nonlinearly to the precipitation gradient. Furthermore, structural equation modeling indicated that the soil water content was the primary controlling factor driving changes in ecosystem C fluxes. Our research underscores the nonlinear response of ecosystem C fluxes to changes in precipitation within semiarid ecosystems, particularly their sensitivity to extreme drought. Considering this nonlinear response, it is crucial to improve dynamic models of the C cycle and predict ecosystem responses to precipitation variability.
Effects of group sports activities on physical activity and social interaction abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Xing Yu , Huang Shuaibin , Zhao Yatong , Wu Xueping
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Group sports activities have been demonstrated to have an impact on the physical activity and social interaction abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods

Thus, this work, taking different types of group sports as the primary variable, explored the impact of 12-week group sports activities on the physical activity and social interaction abilities of children with ASD. A quasi-experimental design was used to divide 21 children with ASD into Experimental group (N = 11) and Control group 1 (N = 10), while healthy children of the same age were selected as Control group 2 (N = 12). The experimental group performed group sports activities for 60 min/time, 4 times/week, for a total of 12 weeks, while the control group maintained the traditional sports activities of Peizhi School. Physical activity was monitored using a three-axis accelerometer (Model: ActiGraph GT3X+), and social interaction ability was measured using the playground observation of peer engagement (POPE) observation scale to evaluate the social interaction states of children in the experimental group after the physical activities.

Results and discussion

After the intervention, the sitting time of children in the experimental group was significantly reduced (t = −12.735, p < 0.001, Cohen d = 2.75), and the time of moderate and high-intensity physical activity was significantly increased (t = −8.79, p < 0.001, Cohen d = 1.82). In social interaction ability, the duration of loneliness was significantly reduced (t = −2.567, p < 0.017, Cohen d = 0.57), and the duration of joint participation (t = −3.009, p < 0.007, Cohen d = 0.02) and the regular game (t = −2.511, p < 0.026, Cohen d = 0.46) were significantly increased, respectively. 4 weeks after the intervention, the sedentary behavior and loneliness of the experimental group both continued to decrease. Group physical activities can improve the physical activity levels and social interaction skills of children with ASD and have a good effect on the maintenance.
A narrative literature review to inform the development of a health threats preparedness framework in Ireland
Authors: Marron Louise , Gilroy James , Williams Michelle , Parlour Randal , Boland Máirín
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Public health emergency preparedness requires capacities and capabilities to respond to a diverse range of health threats. A key objective of Ireland’s recent Health Protection Strategy is to enable preparedness, prevention, early detection and optimal response to health threats from all-hazards. We aimed to identify priority areas for inclusion in an evidence-based health threats preparedness framework, using lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform a national health threats strategy and a strengthened emerging health threats function for Ireland.

Methods

We conducted a narrative literature review to inform the health threats preparedness framework development. We carried out literature searches in two phases, from 2017 to 2022, followed by an updated search covering 2022–2024, to ensure all relevant, recent literature was captured. We used a data extraction tool to collate priority areas reported.

Results

Overarching priorities for health threats preparedness are rapid decision-making, an outcomes-based, and ethical approach. Health threats preparedness should include a risk-based, all-hazards, One Health approach, aligned with legislation. Multisectoral partnerships, collaboration and communication nationally and internationally are key, alongside clear governance structures and monitoring and evaluation. Adequate resources are required to operationalize effective and sustainable preparedness. Public health leadership must be to the fore.

Conclusion

An effective health threats preparedness approach is legislatively mandated for European Member States. This evidence review highlights priority areas for a comprehensive health threats preparedness framework. This framework supports the development of a strengthened emerging health threats function in Ireland and may inform other Member States’ preparedness.
Ecological impacts of single-axis photovoltaic solar energy with periodic mowing on microclimate and vegetation
Authors: Li Yudi , Armstrong Alona , Simmons Christopher , Krasner Noah Z. , Hernandez Rebecca R.
Published: February 2025

Large, ground-mounted photovoltaic solar projects (GPVs) are expanding rapidly worldwide, driven by their essential role in climate change mitigation and the transition to a low-carbon economy. With the global market for tracking systems projected to increase annually by 32% in capacity by 2050, understanding their ecological impacts, including those from their operation and management (O&M), is critical but understudied. This study presents the first comprehensive evaluation of microclimate and vegetation mosaics within a conventional, single-axis GPV managed through regular mowing. In the state of California’s Great Central Valley (United States), we developed a novel experimental framework to characterize five distinct “micro-patches” that capture the full spectrum of microclimate and vegetation zones modulated by the tracking PV system and O&M. Over a 12-month period, we monitored nine above- and belowground microclimate variables and 16 plant ecology metrics across these micro-patches. Beneath PV panels, photosynthetically active radiation decreased by 89%, and wind speed slowed by 46%, while open spaces within the GPV footprint exhibited greater soil surface temperatures (+2.4°C) and accelerated moisture loss (+8.5%) during drought periods. Furthermore, PV panel rotation influenced shading patterns throughout the day, creating temporal variability in air temperature and vapor pressure deficit. Plant surveys identified 37 species, 86% of which were non-native. Marked differences in vegetation across micro-patches indicated that GPVs drive changes in plant community composition, structure, and productivity. Compared to open spaces, vegetation near and within the PV array footprint displayed greater species richness (+8.4%), taller maximum height (+21%), reduced coverage of sun-loving plants (−71%), and less dead biomass accumulation (−26%), from shade-driven effects. These findings suggest the consideration of micro-patch-specific maintenance strategies and nature-based solutions to control invasive, exotic plant species, conferring opportunities to enhance operational, ecological, and socioeconomic sustainability while redressing the twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss simultaneously.
Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the intestinal microbiota of dogs with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis
Authors: Arghavani Sara , Chorfi Younes , Segura Mariela , Lesaux Achraf Adib , Costa Marcio C.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the health of dogs, but treatment with antibiotics causes marked dysbiosis. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of yeast probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the fecal microbiota of dogs and its potential to prevent dysbiosis induced by antibiotics.

Methods

Twenty healthy adult dogs were divided into a control and a yeast probiotic group receiving 1g/kg of S. cerevisiae (Actisaf®, Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Barœul, France) daily from D0 to D31. Both groups were given oral metronidazole from D11 to D17. Fecal swabs were collected on D0, 3, 11, 17, 20, 24, and 31 for microbiota analysis and blood on D0 and D24 for measurements of cytokines and cortisol.

Results and discussion

At D0, two distinct microbiota profiles comprised of dogs from both groups, control and probiotic, were identified. One profile had higher abundances of species related to stress and inflammation, and the other comprised species associated with good intestinal health. After three days of supplementation with yeast probiotic S. cerevisiae, all five dogs from the probiotic group having a stress-related microbiota (membership) shifted to a healthy microbiota. Metronidazole markedly changed the microbiota of both groups (p <0.001). Still, treated dogs had significantly different microbiota on D17 (end of antibiotics treatment). The dysbiosis was resolved in both groups by D24. TNF-α remarkably decreased from D0 to D24 (p = 0.002) in the probiotic group, which also had lower levels than controls on D24 (p = 0.040). There were no significant differences in the other measured cytokines. It was concluded that the use of yeast probiotic S. cerevisiae positively shifted the microbiota composition of healthy adult dogs carrying an abnormal microbial profile and that it has the potential to attenuate the dysbiosis caused by oral metronidazole.
Batch-to-Batch Optimization Control of Fed-Batch Fermentation Process Based on Recursively Updated Extreme Learning Machine Models
Authors: Moore Alex , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a new method of batch-to-batch optimization control for a fed-batch fermentation process. A recursively updated extreme learning machine (ELM) neural network model is used to model a fed-batch fermentation process. ELM models have advantages over other neural networks in that they can be trained very fast and have good generalization performance. However, the ELM model loses its predictive abilities in the presence of batch-to-batch process variations or disturbances, which lead to a process–model mismatch. The recursive least squares (RLS) technique takes the model prediction error from the previous batch and uses it to update the model parameters for the next batch. This improves the performance of the model and helps it to respond to any changes in process conditions or disturbances. The updated model is used in an optimization control procedure, which generates an improved control profile for the next batch. The update of the RLS model enables the optimization control strategy to maintain a high final product quality in the presence of disturbances. The proposed batch-to-batch optimization control method is demonstrated on a simulated fed-batch fermentation process.
GATransformer: A Graph Attention Network-Based Transformer Model to Generate Explainable Attentions for Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Tehsin Sara , Nasir Inzamam Mashood , Damaševičius Robertas
Published: February 2025

Brain tumors profoundly affect human health owing to their intricacy and the difficulties associated with early identification and treatment. Precise diagnosis is essential for effective intervention; nevertheless, the resemblance among tumor forms often complicates the identification of brain tumor types, particularly in the early stages. The latest deep learning systems offer very high classification accuracy but lack explainability to help patients understand the prediction process. GATransformer, a graph attention network (GAT)-based Transformer, uses the attention mechanism, GAT, and Transformer to identify and preserve key neural network channels. The channel attention module extracts deeper properties from weight-channel connections to improve model representation. Integrating these elements results in a reduction in model size and enhancement in computing efficiency, while preserving adequate model performance. The proposed model is assessed using two publicly accessible datasets, FigShare and Kaggle, and is cross-validated using the BraTS2019 and BraTS2020 datasets, demonstrating high accuracy and explainability. Notably, GATransformer generates interpretable attention maps, visually highlighting tumor regions to aid clinical understanding in medical imaging.
Unveiling the Determinant of Humanized Business Intention Among Malaysia SMEs
Authors: Razak Dzuljastri Abdul , Sarif Suhaimi Mhd. , Sarwar Abdullah
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the factors influencing the intention to humanize business practices among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior, four key factors were examined: attitude toward humanizing business practices, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and human practice knowledge. A quantitative research approach was employed, with data collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to 250 SME owners and managers in the Klang Valley region. The results, analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), revealed that all four factors significantly influenced the intention to humanize business practices among SMEs. Specifically, perceived behavioral control emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by attitude, human practice knowledge, and subjective norms. The findings underscore the importance of fostering positive attitudes, leveraging social influences, enhancing perceived control, and promoting knowledge of humane practices to facilitate the adoption of human-centered approaches in SME business operations. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the drivers influencing the intention to humanize business practices and provides practical insights for policymakers and SME stakeholders in promoting sustainable and ethical business practices.
Soil Management for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Siwik-Ziomek Anetta , Figas Anna
Published: February 2025

Soil provides the essential nutrients, water, and root support that food-producing plants need to grow and thrive [...]
LeafLaminaMap: Exploring Leaf Color Patterns Using RGB Color Indices
Authors: Bodor-Pesti Péter , Nguyen Lien Le Phuong , Nguyen Thanh Ba , Dam Mai Sao , Taranyi Dóra , Baranyai László
Published: February 2025

The color of the plant leaves is a major concern in many areas of agriculture. Pigmentation and its pattern provide the possibility to distinguish genotypes and a basis for annual crop management practices. For example, the nutrient and water status of plants is reflected in the chlorophyll content of leaves that are strongly linked to the lamina coloration. Pests and diseases (virus or bacterial infections) also cause symptoms on the foliage. These symptoms induced by biotic and abiotic stressors often have a specific pattern, which allows for their prediction based on remote sensing. In this report, an RGB (red, green and blue) image processing system is presented to determine leaf lamina color variability based on RGB-based color indices. LeafLaminaMap was developed in Scilab with the Image Processing and Computer Vision toolbox, and the code is available freely at GitHub. The software uses RGB images to visualize 29 color indices and the R, G and B values on the lamina, as well as to calculate the statistical parameters. In this case study, symptomatic (senescence, fungal infection, etc.) and healthy grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves were collected, digitalized and analyzed with the LeafLaminaMap software according to the mean, standard deviation, contrast, energy and entropy of each channel (R, G and B) and color index. As an output for each original image in the sample set, the program generates 32 images, where each pixel is constructed using index values calculated from the RGB values of the corresponding pixel in the original image. These generated images can subsequently be used to help the end-user identify locally occurring symptoms that may not be visible in the original RGB image. The statistical evaluation of the samples showed significant differences in the color pattern between the healthy and symptomatic samples. According to the F value of the ANOVA analysis, energy and entropy had the largest difference between the healthy and symptomatic samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) analysis provided a perfect recognition in calibration and confirmed that energy and entropy have the strongest discriminative power between the healthy and symptomatic samples. The case study showed that the LeafLaminaMap software is an effective environment for the leaf lamina color pattern analysis; moreover, the results underline that energy and entropy are valuable features and could be more effective than the mean and standard deviation of the color properties.