bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a descriptor for the computational screening of argyrodite-based solid-state superionic conductors: uniformity of ion-cage size
Authors: Jun Byeongsun , Lee Sang Uck
Published: March 2022

The Li-ion conductivity is closely correlated with the uniformity of the 4a- and 4c-cages in Li argyrodites. This is a novel approach for tuning the composition of Li argyrodites with “composition–structure–property” relationships.
Anisotropic solid-state PLA foaming templated by crystal phase pre-oriented with 3D printing: cell supporting structures with directional capillary transfer function
Authors: Lepcio Petr , Svatík Juraj , Režnáková Ema , Zicha Daniel , Lesser Alan J. , Ondreáš František
Published: March 2022

A unique, yet simple and versatile method for preparing hierarchically aligned microporous canals using a biocompatible polymer polylactic acid (PLA) with their structure controlled at the submicron to macro scale is presented.
Mechanochromic luminogens with hypsochromically shifted emission switching property: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Khan Faizal , Ekbote Anupama , Singh Garima , Misra Rajneesh
Published: March 2022

This review provides a critical assessment of recently developed mechanochromic luminogens that hypsochromically shifted their emission in response to mechanical stimuli.
An oxygen-sensitive probe and a hydrogel for optical imaging and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy of chronic wounds
Authors: Ji Shilu , Zhou Sensen , Zhang Xiaoke , Chen Weizhi , Jiang Xiqun
Published: March 2022

Optical probes (Ir-fliq and Ir-fliq-PVP) based on an iridium complex and a hydrogel(CSGI) contained Ir-fliq are designed for hypoxia imaging and antibacterial chemotherapy in this work.
Phytotoxicity of binary nanoparticles and humic acid on Lactuca sativa L.
Authors: Gong Dongqing , Bai Xue , Weng Yuzhu , Kang Mengen , Huang Yue , Li Fengjie , Chen Yanling
Published: March 2022

Heteroaggregation of PS NPs and Fe2O3 NPs promotes the release of iron ions and aggravates toxicity towards lettuce.
Synthesis of phosphatidic acids via cobalt(salen) catalyzed epoxide ring-opening with dibenzyl phosphate
Authors: Andringa Ruben L. H. , Jonker Marijn , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: March 2022

A cobalt-catalyzed, phosphate-induced, ring-opening reaction is used in an efficient synthesis of enantiopure mixed-diacyl phosphatidic acids, including a photoswitchable phosphatidic acid mimic.
Total synthesis of (±)-vinoxine: construction of the bridged pyrido[1,2-a]indole skeleton via Tf2O-mediated Bischler–Napieralski reaction and stereoselective radical cyclization
Authors: Okada Kosuke , Ueda Hirofumi , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: March 2022

The total synthesis of (±)-vinoxine was achieved featuring the assembly of a substituted tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]indole skeleton through the Tf2O-mediated Bischler–Napieralski reaction.
Redox-active hierarchical assemblies of hybrid polyoxometalate nanostructures at carbon surfaces
Authors: Amin Sharad S. , Cameron Jamie M. , Cousins Richard B. , Wrigley James , Liirò-Peluso Letizia , Sans Victor , Walsh Darren A. , Newton Graham N.
Published: March 2022

The spontaneous self-assembly of hierarchical polyoxometalate-based nanostructures on a range of carbon surfaces is demonstrated via the use of amphiphilic hybrid-polyoxometalate building blocks.
A convergent paired electrolysis strategy enables the cross-coupling of methylarenes with imines
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Zhang Meng , Shi Yumeng
Published: March 2022

In this report, we have developed a metal-free convergent paired electrolysis strategy for α-benzyl amine synthesis from readily available imines and methylarenes, taking advantage of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction.
Holey reduced graphene oxide-assisted oxide-derived Bi for efficient nitrogen electroreduction
Authors: Huang Peng , Cheng Zhuo , Zeng Liang , Tan Lulu , Yu Jian , Rushikesh Joshi , Fan Liang-Shih , Zhu Yujie
Published: March 2022

A composite consisting of oxide-derived Bi embedded in the holes of reduced graphene oxide is synthesized for N2 electroreduction. The synergistic effect between the Bi defects and graphene vacancies leads to a high NH3 activity and selectivity.
Passivating the vacancy defects of CsPbCl3 polycrystalline films by a Cl-containing ionic liquid for self-powered, charge-transport-layer-free UV photodetectors
Authors: Cheng Siyi , Zheng Xin , Hou Zeliang , Hu Ruyi , Jiang Shulan , Xi Shuang , Wen Guojun , Liu Xingyue
Published: March 2022

A defect passivation strategy using [BMMIm]Cl ion liquid is demonstrated for the fabrication of high-performance, charge-transport-layer-free CsPbCl3 UV photodetectors, achieveing an ultrahigh on/off ratio of 2.70 × 105 at 0 V bias.
Formation of nanoparticles of bi-metallic catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Saurov Alexander N. , L’vov Pavel E. , Bulyarskiy Sergey V. , Svetukhin Vyacheslav V.
Published: March 2022

Phase transformation of a bi-metallic submonolayer film during PVD: blue – A-rich islands, yellow – B-rich islands, white – regions depleted in A- and B-atoms (pores).
Economic decision‐making systems in critical times: The case of ‘Bolsa Familia’ in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Junior Alfredo , Moroni Juliana
Published: March 2022

Kahneman's theory of two systems assumes that human decision making in Economy is based on two cognitive systems, one that is automatic, intuitive and mostly unconscious, and one that is reflexive, rational and fully conscious. The authors consider Kahneman’s approach incomplete and limited in accounting for the creativity of embodied agents grasping the opportunities afforded by physical and social environments. This limitation leads us to argue for the existence of a third system in decision making in Economy, the creative intuition based on direct perception of affordances, addressing not only the dispositions and goals of agents but also the social and environmental responsibility of corporations and governments. The authors argue that the third decision‐making system the authors propose implies a concept of intuition that is different from the type of association process discussed by Morewedge and Kahneman [2] and gives an example of the third system operation, the Bolsa Família in Brazil, and finding new options for the funding of similar programs.
Hosting a community‐based local electricity market in a residential network
Authors: Saif Aziz , Khadem Shafi K. , Conlon Michael , Norton Brian
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the potential of building a local electricity market (LEM) to boost the deployment of the local energy communities, centred around active customers with distributed energy resources (DERs). To conduct a comprehensive and detailed study on different cases with reduced computational burdens, this paper adopts a simplified modelling approach where the market and network model simulations are performed in a cascaded, decoupled fashion. This allows achieving the optimal LEM output for the energy community with different DER assets that are not bounded by the network constraints. The investigation involves quantifying the benefits brought by LEM to energy communities by tapping the flexibility associated with trading inside the energy community. Moreover, it presents the influence of different types of DERs (mainly photovoltaics (PV) and energy storage (ES)) in customers' premises on the outcome of the LEM. The LEM demonstrates successfully the reduction of cost associated with the energy purchased from the energy retailer and maximises the consumption of locally generated clean electricity. Among the studied DER portfolios, the combination of PV and ES solution shows the highest economic potential but deteriorates the voltage profiles and shows high active power loss in the winter month among all the cases examined.
Religiosität und psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Steffens Markus , Neddens Anne-Katharina
Published: March 2022

Religiosität kann für den Menschen eine weit über Gesundheitsfragen hinausgehende, ganzheitliche Bedeutung haben. In der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) wird sie im Sinne der funktionalen Gesundheit in mehreren Säulen berücksichtigt. Religiosität zeigt häufiger eine positive Korrelation zur psychischen Gesundheit, aber auch nicht unwesentlich eine negative. Sie wird als Schutzfaktor mit verstärkender Wirkung weiterer personaler und sozialer, protektiver Faktoren diskutiert. Dem Faktor Bindungssicherheit kommt eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Moderation zwischen Risiko und Schutz scheint abhängig von intrinsischer/extrinsischer Motivation, Zentralität der Religiosität, wahrgenommener Gottesbeziehung, sozialen Erfahrungen in der religiösen Gemeinschaft und vom religiösen Coping-Stil.
Vorteile eines universellen frühkindlichen Screenings auf die
familiäre Hypercholesterinämie in Deutschland
Authors: Paetow Ulrich , Kordonouri Olga , Schwab Karl Otfried
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse sind die wichtigste
Mortalitätsursache in der westlichen Welt. Die familiäre
Hypercholesterinämie (FH) zeichnet sich durch erhöhte
low-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterin- und Gesamtcholesterin-Spiegel im peripheren
Blut aus. Die FH beruht zumeist auf einer genetischen Veränderung im
LDL-Rezeptorgen und gehört zu den häufigsten monogenen
Erkrankungen. Bei der homozygoten Form ist die Mortalität aufgrund
kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse im Kindes- und Jugendalter extrem hoch. Auch
die heterozygote Form der FH führt unbehandelt früh zu
kardiovaskulären Ereignissen und sollte frühzeitig
diagnostiziert und behandelt werden, um eine Atherosklerose zu vermeiden. Die
präventive und sichere Anwendung einer medikamentösen
Lipidsenkung konnte für Kinder gezeigt werden.

Methode Literatursuche in Cochrane library, Medline, NCBI databases.

Ergebnisse Anders als in europäischen Nachbarländern wurde
in Deutschland im Kindesalter kein universelles Screening auf diese
häufige Erkrankung etabliert, obwohl dies in den Leitlinien gefordert
wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Literatur untersucht hinsichtlich der
Kausalität der Erkrankung, der Therapie im Kindesalter sowie
hinsichtlich des Zutreffens klassischer und modifizierter Kriterien für
das Durchführen eines vorgeschlagenen universellen FH-Screenings zum 5.
Geburtstag mit anschließendem reversen Kaskadenscreening bei
Verwandten.

Schlussfolgerung Die Autoren plädieren für die
Einführung eines universellen FH-Screenings in Deutschland zur
Vorsorgeuntersuchung U9 mit 5 Jahren. Eine Analyse anhand des Goldstandards
klassischer Kriterien nach Wilson und Jungner sowie anhand im zeitlichen Kontext
angepasster Kriterien zeigt die Vorteile eines universellen
frühkindlichen FH-Screening. Dieses kann präventiv das
kardiovaskuläre Risiko absenken, das Fortschreiten der Atherosklerose
verlangsamen und zu niedrigeren Inzidenzen von Schlaganfall und Herzinfarkt im
Erwachsenenalter beitragen. Neben den diagnostizierten FH-Kindern können
auch deren betroffene Verwandte erkannt werden.
Rhodol-Based Fluorescent Probes Used for Fast Response toward ClO– and Delayed Determination of H2O2 in Living Cells
Authors: Li Daliang , Wang Bo , Zhang Lanlan , Zheng Jianpei , Bao Hongli
Published: March 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of reactive oxidants, play critical roles in signal transduction, cell metabolism, immune defense, and other physiological processes. Abnormally excessive levels of ROS can cause diseases and thus, investigations into the relevant biology and medicine are significant. The behavior of ROS in inflammation has been rarely elucidated. In this work, two ROS fluorescent probes, FS-ROS1 and FS-ROS2 have been designed and synthesized. FS-ROS1 responds rapidly (~1 min) to ClO– and gradually (~30 min) to H2O2 with an increase in fluorescence at ~656 nm and 640 nm of more than 100-fold in vitro. At a concentration of 10 μM, FS-ROS1 labels the L929 cell and Raw264.7 cell wells in 30 min with excellent biocompatibility and without washing. After labelling, FS-ROS1 exhibited a rational fluorescence increase upon the addition of 1, 10, 100, and 200 μM of H2O2. Based on these results, inflammatory cells, stimulated with 800 nM dexamethasone and polyIC, showed a higher increase in fluorescence than the control cells. These results suggest that H2O2 and ClO– might be important signaling molecules during inflammations.
Visible-Light-Induced Catalysis: A Regioselectivity Switch between [2+1] and [2+2] Cycloaddition of Diazocarbonyls with Olefins
Authors: Lv Jian , Qiu Huixin , Wen Lirong
Published: March 2022

Visible-light-promoted [2+1] and [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of diazocarbonyls with olefins have been developed, affording functionalized cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes, respectively. In visible-light catalysis of Ir(ppy)3, a simple addition of Rh2(OAc)4 switches the regioselectivity from [2+1] to [2+2] cycloaddition with good reactivity and high regioselectivity.
Contemporary Test Performance of the Random Urine Protein-to-creatinine Ratio
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Becker David A. , McIlwraith Claire , Blanchard Christina T. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Kim Dhong-Jin , Jauk Victoria C. , Harper Lorie M. , Casey Brian M. , Tita Alan T.
Published: March 2022

Objective The random urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) is a screening test used for predicting clinically significant proteinuria (urine protein  ≥ 300 mg) during pregnancy. No consensus exists on the optimal random UPCR cutoff for performing follow-up 24 hour urine (24H) total protein collection. We aim to evaluate the test performance of random UPCR in predicting proteinuria in a contemporary cohort.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients at our institution from 2014 to 2018 with a random UPCR and follow-up 24H protein collection. The primary analysis estimated the test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of using random UPCR for the detection of proteinuria defined as urine protein ≥300 mg on 24H protein collection. UPCR cutoffs from 0.10 to 0.30 mg/dL were evaluated, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and area under the curve (AUC) was determined. A secondary analysis examined the correlation between UPCR and 24H protein using least squares regression and Pearson correlation.

Results Paired UPCR and 24H collection results were available for 1,120 patients. Mean gestational age at time of UPCR was 31.1 ± 5.1 weeks and 687 (61.3%) of patients had a 24H ≥300 mg. UPCR <0.10 mg/dL effectively excluded proteinuria ≥300 mg on 24H collection, while UPCR ≥0.18 mg/dL correctly classifies proteinuria with 91% sensitivity, 57% specificity, 77% positive predictive value, and 79% negative predictive value. UPCR ≥1.07 mg/dL had 100% specificity for 24 hour proteinuria. The area under ROC curve was 0.86. UPCR and 24H collection were highly correlated with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85. After our institution lowered the threshold to obtain a 24H from UPCR ≥0.20 mg/dL to ≥0.10 mg/dL in May 2017, the percentage of patients meeting criteria for 24H collection increased from 57.8 to 84.4%.

Conclusion The AUC and Pearson correlation suggest random UPCR is a high performance test for the prediction of proteinuria on 24H. Optimal test performance is dependent upon clinical consideration and upon the implications of the disease or condition. A random UPCR screen positive threshold of 0.18 mg/dL maximizes sensitivity to identify clinically significant proteinuria.

Key Points
Discovery of Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Wang Guan , Li Jin , Pan Xiao-Li , Bu Fa-Qian , Zhu Yu-Meng , Wang Ao-Xue , Ouyang Liang
Published: March 2022

Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) plays an indispensable role in the rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis, and its uncontrolled activity may result in various diseases, such as albinism, melanoma, freckles, etc. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity may provide a useful and efficient strategy to treat hyperpigmentation disorders. However, the widely used tyrosinase inhibitors, like α-arbutin, hydroquinone, and kojic acid, have many shortcomings, such as lower efficacy and much more side effects. Herein, we reported the use of homology modeling and multistep structure-based virtual screening for the discovery of novel tyrosinase inhibitors. In this study, 10 initial potential hits (compounds T1–T10) were evaluated for enzyme inhibition and kinetic study, with kojic acid being used as a control. Among them, the IC50 values of both T1 (11.56 ± 0.98 µmol/L) and T5 (18.36 ± 0.82 µmol/L) were superior to that of kojic acid (23.12 ± 1.26 µmol/L). Moreover, T1 and T5 were also identified as the effective noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitors by the subsequent kinetic study. Above all, T1 and T5 may represent the promising drug candidates for hyperpigmentation therapy in pharmaceutical fields, as well as the effective whitening agents in cosmetic applications.
Type II Monteggia Lesion with Complete Elbow Dislocation in a Cat
Authors: Schreiber Kevin , Rousseau Thomas , Gauthier Olivier
Published: March 2022

A 2-year-old neutered male cat was presented for right forelimb non-weight-bearing lameness. A fracture of the proximal third of the ulna (associated with a caudal radio-humeral and humero-ulnar dislocations and a radio-ulnar dislocation) was radiographically identified, leading to a diagnosis of type II Monteggia lesion with complete elbow joint dislocation. The ulnar fracture was reduced and stabilized using an intramedullary pin. During surgery, the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament appeared disrupted. The radio-ulnar dislocation was reduced and stabilized, using a double-loop suture prosthesis passing through the metaphysis of the ulna and around the radial head. The radio-humeral dislocation was reduced and stabilized using a lateral collateral suture prosthesis. No postoperative complications were observed and the patient regained good elbow joint range of motion, with no significant lameness at 8 postoperative months.
Lung Transplantation for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Koch Achim , Pizanis Nikolaus , Bessa Vasiliki , Herbstreit Frank , Gulbins Erich , Aigner Clemens , Kamler Markus
Published: March 2022

Background The majority of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection present mild symptoms. However, some patients develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent irreversible lung damage despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, leaving lung transplantation the ultimate therapeutically option.

Case Description Here, we report a case of lung transplantation in a 31-year-old male recipient suffering from post-coronavirus disease 2019 respiratory failure with irreversible ARDS after prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy.

Conclusion Patient selection criteria are elucidated. One relevant mechanism for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory system, the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system might be altered during infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Can Classical Roux-N-Y Gastric Bypass Be Combined with Surgical Emergencies? An Interesting Case Series with Literature Review of Two Patients at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mohanty Arnab
Published: March 2022

Weight-loss surgery is usually recommended to those who walk into our specialist bariatric outpatient department, and intense and often exhaustive counseling, along with a thorough preoperative workup, is undertaken prior to the surgery. All this often fails in the emergent scenario, where the focus shifts to a damage-control mode, and the possibility of a metabolic procedure in this setting, especially one as challenging as gastric bypass, is seldom actively pursued. We discuss two patients presenting to the emergency department with different surgical ailments, but also being obese, with comorbidities, finally undergoing the primary surgeries along with Roux-N-Y gastric bypass, via conventional and laparoscopic methods respectively, with positive immediate outcomes and favorable 1-year excess-body-weight-loss as well. This shows that if patient selection is wise, and adequate expertise is available, gastric bypass can be offered in the emergent scenario as well, with favorable outcomes.
Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Use of Peer Physical Exam for Learning Fundoscopy
Authors: Henick Daniel , Labkovich Margarita , Radell Jake E. , Chopra Nitin , Chadha Nisha
Published: March 2022

Background Peer physical examination learning is commonly practiced in medical schools during preclinical curricula and has been shown to improve empathy for patients. While there is literature regarding medical student attitudes toward peer physical exam learning, no studies to date have specifically examined student attitudes toward fundoscopy and dilation of the eyes for the purposes of learning fundoscopy. This study evaluates medical student preferences with regards to learning fundoscopy on peers and explores attitudes toward alternate approaches.

Methods First year medical students at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai participated in a 2-hour fundoscopy skills workshop in March 2020. Following the session, the authors administered a voluntary survey querying students on attitudes toward peer physical exam learning and its use in learning peer fundoscopy. Primary study endpoints evaluated (1) student attitudes toward the use of peer physical exam learning, (2) learning benefit of the session, including student comfort with conducting the fundoscopy exam, and (3) empathy toward patients experiencing dilation. Secondary endpoints focused on alternative teaching methods and preferences for nonmydriatic fundoscopy. Analysis of survey data was performed using nonparametric Spearman's correlations, chi-square tests, t-tests, and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results A total of 51/138 (37%) students completed the survey, with 78% indicating they felt peer physical exam learning was a helpful instructional method, including for the fundoscopic exam. The session led to improved self-rated fundoscopy skills and empathy for patients. However, when considering learning with dilation versus alternative nonmydriatic techniques, 96% of students indicated a preference for using alternative nonmydriatic techniques.

Conclusion This study found that students' attitudes toward fundoscopy generally aligned with their overall peer physical exam preferences. However, they preferred not using dilation and learning with nonmydriatic fundoscopic techniques. Assessing student learning preferences and incorporating novel instructional tools can help facilitate more successful fundoscopy skills acquisition. These considerations are particularly important in the context of COVID-19 and with advances in teleophthalmology.
Weibliche Führungskräfte in der digitalen Medizin: Neue Standards für Digitalisierung und Gleichstellung
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: March 2022

Allein unter Männern – im deutschen Gesundheitswesen kann das durchaus zum Arbeitsalltag gehören. Diese Erfahrung hat auch Prof. Dr. med. Sylvia Thun gemacht. Die renommierte Expertin für Interoperabilität engagiert sich deshalb dafür, dass Frauen künftig in der digitalen Medizin eine größere Rolle spielen.
Verstehen, was passiert: Erfolgreich verhandeln, auch wenn die Gegenseite irrational wird
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg
Published: March 2022

Normalerweise verlaufen Verhandlungen im Krankenhauseinkauf in konstruktiver Atmosphäre und mit rationalen Argumenten. Doch was, wenn die Gegenseite vielleicht auch noch völlig überraschend emotional, unfair und irrational wird? Dann sollte man vorbereitet sein! Dieser Beitrag zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, Irrationalitäten der Gegenseite zu erkennen, zu verstehen und die richtigen Gegenmaßnahmen zu ergreifen.
Krankenhausinfektionen: Krankenhauskeime im Schatten von Corona
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: March 2022

Sars-CoV-2 hat in der Pandemie die mediale Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen. Dabei haben nosokomiale Infektionen mit den herkömmlichen Erregern zu Beginn der Pandemie noch zugenommen.
Qualitätsverträge: Verbesserte Patientenversorgung
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: March 2022

Krankenkassen schließen mit ausgewählten Kliniken sogenannte Qualitätsverträge ab, die Anreize schaffen und zu einer besseren Versorgungsqualität führen sollen. Erste Verträge befinden sich bereits in der Erprobung.
Flett potentials associated with differential-difference Laplace operators
Authors: Ben Saïd Salem , Negzaoui Selma
Published: March 2022

A large family of Flett potentials is investigated. Formally, these potentials are negative powers of the operators id + |x|1−1/mΔk, where Δk is the Dunkl Laplace (differential and difference) operator on R. Here, k ≥ 0 and m∈N\{0}. In the (k = 0, m = 1) case, our family of potentials reduces to the classical one studied by Flett [Proc. London Math. Soc. s3-22, 385–451 (1971)]. An explicit inversion formula of the Flett potentials is obtained for functions belonging to C0(R) and weighted Lp spaces, 1 ≤ p < ∞. As a tool, we use a wavelet-like transforms generated by a Poisson type semigroup and signed Borel measures. In this context, a fundamental theorem proving an almost everywhere convergence of a convolution operator for an approximate identity was given. The k = 0 case is already new.
Conformal metamaterial coats for underwater magnetic-acoustic bi-invisibility
Authors: Zhan Junjie , Mei Yujian , Li Kai , Zhou Yi , Chen Jian , Ma Yungui
Published: March 2022

Invisible coats inspired by metamaterials have been widely explored for different physical quantities and even with multifunctional response capabilities. In particular, a magnetic cloak has gained special attention for high practicability when compared with its electromagnetic counterparts. In this work, we report a bi-physical metamaterial invisible coating technique that could effectively hide underwater objects from being detected via both magnetic fields and acoustic waves. An ultra-thin coat could work for objects having irregular shapes like squares, greatly broadening potential practical applications. The bilayer magnetic cloaking technique is fully exploited to cast a spatially dependent permeability profile, which could quasi-statically balance out the diamagnetic response of irregular-shaped metals based on field “scattering” cancellation. Integrated with this magnetic cloak, an ultrathin acoustic metasurface made of periodic microbubbles is developed to achieve broadband acoustic absorption for acoustic stealth. This integrated magnetic-acoustic bi-physical conformal coat may lead to important applications not only for military purposes but also for civilian apparatus in shielding the field and wave disturbances, for example, in medical scanning.
A Cu/P-type GaN triboelectric nanogenerator with power density over 100 W/m2
Authors: Xiao Kai , Feng Yuan , Wei Wenwang , Peng Yi , Chen Zhiqiang , Deng Shaodong , Wang Yukun , Yao Huilu , Deng Jianyu , Sun Wenhong
Published: March 2022

The metal-semiconductor direct current triboelectric nanogenerator (MSDC-TENG) has attracted increasing attention due to its power density, which is 102−103 times higher than traditional generators. A P-type GaN based MSDC-TENG with a tin electrode is reported in this paper. By adjusting the Mg2+ doping concentration of the P-GaN, it can achieve an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 14.2 V and a short circuit current (Isc) density of ∼25.5 A/m2. This Isc is about 50 times higher than the performance of the Cu/GaN Triboelectric Nanogenerator, and the power density increases by more than 120 times. Under the experimental loading conditions, we also obtained the maximum load current density and the maximum load power of 12.8 and 102.4 W/m2, respectively. This power density is sufficient to drive small electronic circuits. Our results also provide useful insights into the carrier concentration-Isc relation in the Cu/GaN triboelectric nanogenerator.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in inhomogeneously broadened divacancy defect ensembles in SiC
Authors: Zwier Olger V. , Bosma Tom , Gilardoni Carmem M. , Yang Xu , Onur Alexander R. , Ohshima Takeshi , Son Nguyen T. , van der Wal Caspar H.
Published: March 2022

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon that can provide strong and robust interfacing between optical signals and quantum coherence of electronic spins. In its archetypical form, mainly explored with atomic media, it uses a (near-)homogeneous ensemble of three-level systems, in which two low-energy spin-1/2 levels are coupled to a common optically excited state. We investigate the implementation of EIT with c-axis divacancy color centers in silicon carbide. While this material has attractive properties for quantum device technologies with near-IR optics, implementing EIT is complicated by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions throughout the ensemble and the presence of multiple ground-state levels. These may lead to darkening of the ensemble upon resonant optical excitation. Here, we show that EIT can be established with high visibility also in this material platform upon careful design of the measurement geometry. Comparison of our experimental results with a model based on the Lindblad equations indicates that we can create coherences between different sets of two levels all-optically in these systems, with potential impact for RF-free quantum sensing applications. Our work provides an understanding of EIT in multi-level systems with significant inhomogeneities, and our considerations are valid for a wide array of defects in semiconductors.
Anticipating synchrony in dynamical systems using information theory
Authors: Ghosh Anupam , Pawar Samadhan A. , Sujith R. I.
Published: March 2022

Synchronization in coupled dynamical systems has been a well-known phenomenon in the field of nonlinear dynamics for a long time. This phenomenon has been investigated extensively both analytically and experimentally. Although synchronization is observed in different areas of our real life, in some cases, this phenomenon is harmful; consequently, an early warning of synchronization becomes an unavoidable requirement. This paper focuses on this issue and proposes a reliable measure (R), from the perspective of the information theory, to detect complete and generalized synchronizations early in the context of interacting oscillators. The proposed measure R is an explicit function of the joint entropy and mutual information of the coupled oscillators. The applicability of R to anticipate generalized and complete synchronizations is justified using numerical analysis of mathematical models and experimental data. Mathematical models involve the interaction of two low-dimensional, autonomous, chaotic oscillators and a network of coupled Rössler and van der Pol oscillators. The experimental data are generated from laboratory-scale turbulent thermoacoustic systems.
Antireflective black coatings comprised of Ag–Fe–O thin films with high electrical resistivity
Authors: Yamaguchi Mina , Ishii Akihiro , Oikawa Itaru , Yamazaki Yusuke , Imura Masaaki , Takamura Hitoshi
Published: March 2022

Black antireflective (AR) coatings with electric insulative properties are required to improve the visibility of touch panel displays in the turned-on state and their appearance in the turned-off state. In this study, multilayer black AR stacks comprised of black insulative Ag–Fe–O, high-n TiO2, and low-n SiOxNy were constructed by optical simulation and prepared using RF magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition. For the stacking model with five layers, the calculations show an excellent low reflectance of below 0.15% over the whole visible range with a transmittance of 0.002%. A simulation of the three-layered model indicated that the average reflectance can be reduced from over 43% for a monolayer to 3% with a reasonable average transmittance of 15% for display applications. RF magnetron sputtering, an industrial friendly method, was used to prepare the black insulative Ag–Fe–O in the AR stack for the first time. The Ag–Fe–O thin films deposited at 200–300 °C show both a large and constant absorption coefficient over the whole visible range and an acceptable high sheet resistance. The black AR stack was comprised of the black insulative Ag–Fe–O prepared at 250 °C by RF magnetron sputtering. The observed reflectance is in good agreement with the simulated model. These results indicate the high potential of the black Ag–Fe–O films for use in AR black coatings in touch panel displays for a visually attractive turn-off appearance.
Nonlinear regimes of the electron cyclotron drift instability in Vlasov simulations
Authors: Tavassoli Arash , Smolyakov Andrei , Shoucri Magdi , Spiteri Raymond J.
Published: March 2022

We report on a novel investigation of the nonlinear regime of the electron cyclotron drift instability using a grid-based Vlasov simulation. It is shown that the instability occurs as a series of cyclotron resonances with the electron beam mode due to the E × B drift. In the nonlinear regime, we observe condensation of fluctuations energy toward the lowest resonance mode and below, i.e., an inverse energy cascade. It is shown that the characteristics of the nonlinear saturation state remain far from the ion-sound regime.
Excited states of chlorophyll a and b in solution by time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Zhu Zhe , Higashi Masahiro , Saito Shinji
Published: March 2022

The ground state and excited state electronic properties of chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b in diethyl ether, acetone, and ethanol solutions are investigated using quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical calculations with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). Although the DFT/TDDFT methods are widely used, the electronic structures of molecules, especially large molecules, calculated with these methods are known to be strongly dependent on the functionals and the parameters used in the functionals. Here, we optimize the range-separated parameter, μ, of the CAM-B3LYP functional of Chl a and Chl b to reproduce the experimental excitation energy differences of these Chl molecules in solution. The optimal values of μ for Chl a and Chl b are smaller than the default value of μ and that for bacteriochlorophyll a, indicating the change in the electronic distribution, i.e., an increase in electron delocalization, within the molecule. We find that the electronic distribution of Chl b with an extra formyl group is different from that of Chl a. We also find that the polarity of the solution and hydrogen bond cause the decrease in the excitation energies and the increase in the widths of excitation energy distributions of Chl a and Chl b. The present results are expected to be useful for understanding the electronic properties of each pigment molecule in a local heterogeneous environment, which will play an important role in the excitation energy transfer in light-harvesting complex II.
Microfluidics-enabled functional 3D printing
Authors: Mea H. , Wan J.
Published: March 2022

Microfluidic technology has established itself as a powerful tool to enable highly precise spatiotemporal control over fluid streams for mixing, separations, biochemical reactions, and material synthesis. 3D printing technologies such as extrusion-based printing, inkjet, and stereolithography share similar length scales and fundamentals of fluid handling with microfluidics. The advanced fluidic manipulation capabilities afforded by microfluidics can thus be potentially leveraged to enhance the performance of existing 3D printing technologies or even develop new approaches to additive manufacturing. This review discusses recent developments in integrating microfluidic elements with several well-established 3D printing technologies, highlighting the trend of using microfluidic approaches to achieve functional and multimaterial 3D printing as well as to identify potential future research directions in this emergent area.
The conformational landscape of myrtenol: The structure of the hydroxymethyl group and its robustness upon hydration
Authors: Neeman E. M. , Osseiran N. , Huet T. R.
Published: March 2022

The conformational landscape of myrtenol (2-pinen-10-ol) and its robustness upon hydration were investigated theoretically and experimentally by employing a synergic combination of quantum chemical calculations and Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy coupled to a supersonic jet expansion. Relaxed potential energy surfaces have been carried out, and the lowest energy conformers of the monomer were found to be associated with different geometries of the hydroxymethyl group from those previously reported [Sedo et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 356, 32 (2019)]. Geometry optimizations and harmonic vibrational frequency calculations allowed characterization of the equilibrium structure of the possible conformers of myrtenol. Among the nine predicted structures, four have been observed, analyzed, and identified. The controversy on the geometry was solved with the deuteration of the hydroxyl group, which led to the determination of substitution (rs) geometry, in agreement with the present theoretical results. Interestingly, the four observed conformers exhibit the same orientation of OH as in the allyl alcohol molecule. Furthermore, hydrogen bonding linking myrtenol to water was studied. One monohydrate has been observed and identified. Non-covalent interactions and natural bond orbital analysis were performed to depict the interactions responsible for the stabilization of the observed structure. We conclude that the structure of the hydroxymethyl group is robust and does not change upon hydration.
Structures of non-classical discontinuities in solutions of hyperbolic systems of equations
Authors: Kulikovskii A. G. , Chugainova A. P.
Published: March 2022

Discontinuity structures in solutions of a hyperbolic system of equations are considered. The system of equations has a rather general form and, in particular, can describe the longitudinal and torsional non-linear waves in elastic rods in the simplest setting and also one-dimensional waves in unbounded elastic media. The properties of discontinuities in solutions of these equations have been investigated earlier under the assumption that only the relations following from the conservation laws for the longitudinal momentum and angular momentum about the axis of the rod and the displacement continuity condition hold on the discontinuities. The shock adiabat has been studied. This paper deals with stationary discontinuity structures under the assumption that viscosity is the main governing mechanism inside the structure. Some segments of the shock adiabat are shown to correspond to evolutionary discontinuities without structure. It is also shown that there are special discontinuities on which an additional relation must hold, which arises from the condition that a discontinuity structure exists. The additional relation depends on the processes in the structure. Special discontinuities satisfy evolutionary conditions that differ from the well-known Lax conditions. Conclusions are discussed, which can also be of interest in the case of other systems of hyperbolic equations.

Bibliography: 58 titles.
Integrating virtual models of care through infrastructure innovation in healthcare facility design
Authors: Harrison Reema , Clay-Williams Robyn , Cardenas Alexander
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the potential value of virtual models of care to support more efficient and accessible healthcare delivery at reduced cost. In order to achieve this, the healthcare services and facilities must be designed to integrate virtual care. To date, incremental approaches have been used to accommodate virtual care innovations within existing systems and services. Infrastructure innovation is now critical to fully realise the benefits of virtual and hybrid models of care for population health and health system efficiency. With record capital expenditure on healthcare infrastructure across Australian jurisdictions, we are in a critical period for making transformative changes to the design of healthcare facilities to ensure the relevance of future facilities and redevelopments. We examine the value proposition posed by our current healthcare infrastructure approach and how system-wide planning for the integration of virtual models of care may optimise the ability of the Australian health system to meet emerging and future health needs.
Sward structure and forage intake rate of elephant grass cv. Napier subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking management
Authors: Geremia Eliana Vera , Paiva Adenilson José , Pereira Lilian Elgalise Techio , Chiavegato Marília Barbosa , da Silva Sila Carneiro
Published: March 2022

Context Grazing management strategies affect sward structure, changing patterns of foraging and intake, and consequently animal performance. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sward structure and forage intake rate by cattle grazing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) cv. Napier subjected to strategies of rotational stocking management. Methods The experiment was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, from January 2011 to April 2012. Treatments corresponded to all combinations between two post-grazing conditions (post-grazing heights of 35 and 45 cm) and two pre-grazing conditions (95% and maximum canopy light interception during regrowth; LI). The response variables evaluated at both pre- and post-grazing conditions were: (1) vertical distribution of morphological components; (2) bite rate; (3) bite mass; (4) intake rate; and (5) forage nutritive value (morphological and chemical composition of oesophageal extrusa samples). Key results Bite mass was smaller and bite rate was greater for LI95% swards at pre- and post-grazing, resulting in greater rate of forage intake. The post-grazing height targets affected the morphological and the chemical composition of the forage consumed. Conclusions In general, pastures managed with targets LI95% (pre-grazing) and 45 cm (post-grazing height) resulted in greater leaf percentage and nutritive value of the consumed forage. Implications Adequate grazing management strategies allow for high residual leaf area in pastures, ensuring rapid recovery after grazing. For grazing elephant grass cv. Napier, this corresponded to the combination between the LI95% pre-grazing target and the 45 cm post-grazing height.
Traversing TechSex: benefits and risks in digitally mediated sex and relationships
Authors: Power Jennifer , Moor Lily , Anderson Joel , Waling Andrea , James Alexandra , Shackleton Nicole , Farrell Anne-Maree , Agnew Elizabeth , Dowsett Gary W.
Published: March 2022

Background Digital technologies play a significant role in people’s sexual and intimate lives via smart phones, cameras, dating apps and social media. Although there is a large body of research on the potential risks posed by these technologies, research on benefits and pleasures is limited. Methods This study explored digital sexual practices, including perceptions of risks and benefits among a sample of Australian adults (n = 445). Data were collected in 2020 via an online survey. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were undertaken to identify significant relationships between demographic variables and the use of technologies in relation to perceived risks and benefits. The mean age of participants was 42 years, over half were women (58.5%) and identified as heterosexual (61.1%). Results Findings reveal that use of digital media was common in participants’ sex lives and relationships; 60.3% of participants had viewed pornography online, 34.9% had used dating apps, and 33.9% had sent sexual or naked self-images to another person. Over one in three reported positive outcomes from this: 38.2% felt emotionally connected to their partners due to online communication; 38.0% agreed that digital technologies facilitated closer connections; however, the majority of participants were aware of potential risks associated with online sexual engagement, particularly non-consensual exposure of their sexual or naked images, with women expressing greater concern. Conclusions Policy, legal and educational responses should be based on holistic understanding of digital sexual engagement, acknowledging the ways in which technologies can support sexual relationships while also building people’s knowledge and capacity to manage risks.
O-GlcNAcylation regulates epidermal growth factor receptor intracellular trafficking and signaling
Authors: Wu Liming , Cheng Yaxian , Geng Didi , Fan Zhiya , Lin Bingyi , Zhu Qiang , Li Jingchao , Qin Weijie , Yi Wen
Published: March 2022

Significance

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most important membrane receptors that transduce growth signals into cells to sustain cell growth, proliferation, and survival. EGFR signal termination is initiated by EGFR internalization, followed by trafficking through endosomes, and degradation in lysosomes. How this process is regulated is still poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS), a key protein in the EGFR trafficking pathway, is dynamically modified by a single sugar N-acetylglucosamine. This modification inhibits EGFR trafficking from endosomes to lysosomes, leading to the accumulation of EGFR and prolonged signaling. This study provides an important insight into diseases with aberrant growth factor signaling, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes.
Developmentally distinct CD4+Treglineages shape the CD8+T cell response to acuteListeriainfection
Authors: Dolina Joseph S. , Lee Joey , Moore Eugene L. , Hope Jennifer L. , Gracias Donald T. , Matsutani Takaji , Chawla Ashu , Greenbaum Jason A. , Linden Joel , Schoenberger Stephen P.
Published: March 2022

Significance

The CD4+Tregresponse following acuteListeriainfection is heterogeneous and deploys two distinct modes of suppression coinciding with initial pathogen exposure and resolution of infection. This bimodal suppression of CD8+T cells during priming and contraction is mediated by separate Treglineages. These findings make a significant contribution to our understanding of the functional plasticity inherent within Tregs, which allows these cells to serve as a sensitive and dynamic cellular rheostat for the immune system to prevent autoimmune pathology in the face of inflammation attendant to acute infection, enable expansion of the pathogen-specific response needed to control the infection, and reestablish immune homeostasis after the threat has been contained.
Halide perovskite dynamics at work: Large cations at 2D-on-3D interfaces are mobile
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Houben Lothar , Rechav Katya , Cahen David
Published: March 2022

Significance

Surface engineering of halide perovskites (HaPs), semiconductors with amazing optoelectronic properties, is critical to improve the performance and ambient stability of HaP-based solar cells and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Ultrathin layers of two-dimensional (2D) analogs of the three-dimensional (3D) HaPs are particularly attractive for this because of their chemical similarities but higher ambient stability. But do such 2D/3D interfaces actually last, given that ions in HaPs move readily—i.e., what happens at those interfaces on the atomic scale? A special electron microscopy, which as a bonus also reveals the true conditions for nondestructive analysis, shows that the large ions that are a necessary part of the 2D films can move into the 3D HaP, a fascinating illustration of
panta rei
in HaPs.