bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific of accumulation of manganese in organs and tissues of Hereford cattle
Authors: Narozhnykh K. N. , Petukhov V. L. , Syso A. I. , Konovalova T. V. , Korotkevich O. S. , Sebezhko O. I.
Published: May 2024

Abstract The elemental status of cattle is one of the important factors, which determine its growth, fertility, fetal development, meat and dairy production, etc. Therefore, the study of content of different elements in cattle organs and tissues and its correlation with cattle characteristics and diet is urgent task. It is also important to develop intravital and low-invasive methods to analyze element content in cattle to regulate its diet during lifetime. In the present work, we have studied the content and distribution of manganese in Hereford cattle from an ecologically clean zone of Western Siberia (Russia). 252 samples were taken from 31 bulls aged 15-18 months. They were collected from various livestock farms in the region and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (organs and muscle tissue) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (hair). The median values of manganese concentration obtained in natural moisture for hair, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, muscles, spleen, testes, and brain were 25, 0.37, 1.0, 2.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.5 ppm. Accordingly, the concentration of manganese differs significantly in the organs and tissues of animals (H = 188.6, df = 8, p <0.0001). Statistically significant associations of manganese were revealed in pairs: liver-testis, hair-testis, spleen-testis, and heart-brain. The classification of organs and tissues of animals according to the level of content and variability of manganese is carried out. The concentration of manganese in the body is not uniform, most of all it is deposited in the hair and excretory organs of the liver and kidneys. In other organs and muscle tissues, the distribution of manganese is more even and is in the range of 0.2-0.5 ppm. The resulting ranges can be used as a guideline for Hereford cattle bred in Western Siberia.
Causes of death in domestic cats during COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021): A multi-institutional necropsy study from Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Gabriela O. , Pereira Asheley H.B. , Colodel Edson M. , Cruz Thalita P.P.S. , Nakazato Luciano , Dutra Valéria , Ubiali Daniel G.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Retrospective studies that address the diseases in the feline species are scarce. Herein, we presented the cause of death or euthanasia of cats from January 2020 to December 2021, during the first and second years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The data were obtained from necropsies performed by the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro and the Federal University of Mato Grosso. A total of 96 feline necropsies were performed. In 87 cases (90.6%), we established the reason for death, while in nine cases (9.4%), the diagnoses were inconclusive. We established the diagnostic groups: infectious and parasitic (37.5%), neoplasm (14.5%), malformation (7.3%), lower urinary tract disease (7.3%), degenerative (6.2%), traumas (6.2%), other causes (8.4%) and iatrogenic (3.1%). The most common cat diseases in Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro were infectious. The most common inflammatory lesions were bacterial and viral pneumonia. Alphaherpesvirus (FeHV), Mycoplasma sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were the main detected agents.
Identification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli as the cause of mastitis in cows from Brazil
Authors: Pereira Erik da S. , Crippa Bruna L. , Morasi Rafaela M. , Almeida Jaqueline M. de , Gebara Clarice , Langoni Hélio , T. Neto André , Gonçalves Mônica C. , Silva Nathália Cristina C.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Escherichia coli is recognized as one of the main microorganisms responsible for triggering clinical mastitis, a disease that causes considerable economic losses in the dairy industry. In this context, this study aimed to identify E. coli isolates present in individual milk samples collected from cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis from various regions of Brazil. Additionally, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the presence of virulence genes eae, bfpB, escN, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est, and eltA was investigated; all associated with the pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). As an integral part of the study, a comprehensive assessment of the sensitivity profile of the isolates to 11 different antimicrobials widely used in mastitis treatment was also conducted. A total of 198 milk samples were collected from cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis. Among these samples, 12 isolates (6.07%) demonstrated bacterial growth greater than three Colony-Forming Units (CFU) when grown on MacConkey agar medium and morphological characteristics of E. coli. The disc-diffusion test was used to evaluate the susceptibility of these isolates to antimicrobials, and the most predominant resistance was observed concerning streptomycin and tetracycline, affecting 16.67% of the strains analyzed. Notably, all isolates investigated did not demonstrate the presence of the genes eae, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est, and eltA. These results indicate that these isolates do not fit the pathotypes known as diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). However, one of the isolates tested was positive for the bfpB and escN genes. The detection of resistant E. coli associated with clinical mastitis points to possible gaps in the treatment of the disease. Additionally, the presence of resistance genes in E. coli strains indicates the potential to transmit these genes between animals and, perhaps, along the food chain.
Desenvolvimento profissional e preocupações docentes: uma análise com professores de Educação Física brasileiros
Authors: Vieira Suelen Vicente , Piovani Verónica Gabriela Silva , Both Jorge
Published: May 2024

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi identificar quais são as preocupações apresentadas pelos professores durante o desenvolvimento da carreira que não estão presentes no constructo de preocupações de Fuller e Bown (1975). Participaram da pesquisa 20 professores de Educação Física em diferentes momentos da carreira. Na coleta e análise de dados, utilizaram-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise de conteúdo. Foram evidenciadas duas dimensões de preocupações emergentes: políticas públicas e questões sociais, presentes durante toda a carreira. Foram encontrados dois indicadores para a dimensão consigo: formação docente e saúde. As preocupações emergentes dos professores de Educação Física permeiam as situações existentes entre a escola e o contexto social e que afetam a rotina escolar.
Palhaceando pelo Brasil: um panorama sobre o ensino de palhaças e palhaços brasileiros
Authors: Braccialli Felipe , Bortoleto Marco Antonio Coelho
Published: May 2024

Resumo Sedimentada na cultura moderna e fortemente atrelada ao circo, a arte do palhaço e da palhaça revela-se como um profícuo espaço para a reflexão da formação artística. Este artigo pretende oferecer um olhar crítico para os processos que os formadores e as formadoras de palhaços e palhaças receberam em suas formações artísticas. A partir dos dados resultantes de um questionário online realizado em 2019 e divulgado em redes sociais, encontramos 110 profissionais do ensino da palhaçada espalhados pelas cinco regiões do Brasil. Ao analisar as respostas obtidas, podemos delinear um primeiro entendimento dos diversos processos de formação de palhaços e palhaças que estão acontecendo no país. Um olhar crítico para o que foi e está sendo feito possibilita um aperfeiçoamento do que poderá ser aprimorado no futuro.
Paulo Freire e bell hooks: um encontro nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Mazza Débora
Published: May 2024

Resumo O texto analisa as influências recíprocas entre Paulo Freire e bell hooks a partir do exame de suas biografias, seus trabalhos e escritos. Ele e ela tiveram a oportunidade de se conhecer, e vários autores destacam o impacto exercido pelas primeiras obras de Paulo nas Américas, bem como o efeito de sua passagem pelos Estados Unidos. Freire e hooks publicaram em inglês, tendo aprofundado o debate sobre a politicidade da educação e a percepção das desigualdades de classe, raça e sexo. Contando com fontes bibliográficas e fortuna crítica, o artigo identifica pontos de convergência entre o educador popular e a militante feminista, sugere que se posicionaram no centro do capitalismo global e construíram uma teoria insurgente, desafiando as posições hegemônicas.
Paulo Freire and bell hooks: an encounter in the United States
Authors: Mazza Débora
Published: May 2024

Abstract This article analyzes the reciprocal influences between Paulo Freire and bell hooks based on the examination of their biographies, works, and writings. Both of them had the opportunity to get to know each other, and several authors highlight the impact exerted by Freire’s early works in the Americas, as well as the effect of his passage through the United States. Freire and hooks published in English, deepening the debate on the politics of education and the perception of inequalities of class, race, and sex. Relying on bibliographic sources and critical literature, the article identifies points of convergence between the popular educator and the feminist militant, suggesting that they have positioned themselves at the center of global capitalism and built an insurgent theory, thus challenging hegemonic positions.
Desempenho acadêmico de alunos de Medicina beneficiados pelas ações afirmativas
Authors: Valle Adriana Polachini do , Hamamoto Filho Pedro Tadao , Marco Gustavo Noe de , Ferras Giulia , Dias Rafael Teixeira , Boas Paulo José Fortes Villas
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Introdução: A Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) implantou o sistema de cotas (ações afirmativas) para ingressantes em 2014, por meio do sistema de reserva de vagas destinada a alunos oriundos de escolas públicas. As principais ressalvas quanto ao sistema de cotas dizem respeito às dificuldades de adaptação desses alunos ao meio acadêmico universitário, que poderiam interferir em seu desempenho durante a graduação. Por isso, é necessário conhecer o desempenho desses alunos para poder propor alternativas viáveis para suas necessidades. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho acadêmico pelo coeficiente de rendimento (CR) escolar dos egressos do curso de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB) da Unesp segundo forma de ingresso no vestibular. Método: Foram avaliados os CR finais dos alunos que finalizaram o curso de Medicina nos anos de 2019, 2020 e 2021. Os dados foram obtidos na Seção de Graduação da FMB. Realizaram-se comparações das médias do CR entre os grupos (ingresso universal - IU e ação afirmativa - AA). Resultado: No período de 2019 a 2021, graduaram-se 252 alunos: 184 do IU (73%) e 68 (27%) de AA. A média geral do CR foi de 8,41 + 0,61. As médias do CR dos alunos do IU foram de 8,45 + 0,61 e de AA de 8,31 + 0,60 (p = 0,414). Conclusão: A análise do CR dos formados em três anos do curso de Medicina da FMB revela que o desempenho dos ingressantes por AA e IU é semelhante.
SISTEMAS DE APOIO À DECISÃO E GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO CONCEITUAL
Authors: Pinheiro Marcus Vinícius Chiulle , Falsarella Orandi Mina , Mariosa Pedro Henrique , Conti Diego de Melo , Mariosa Duarcides Ferreira
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Sustentabilidade é um tema importante para a sociedade e tem três principais dimensões, a ambiental, a social e a econômica. Neste contexto, dentre os bens comuns ameaçados, a água desponta como principal recurso cerceado de incertezas quanto à sua disponibilidade. Para gerir recursos hídricos, os dados e informações são importantes para auxiliar no processo decisório. Assim, duas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação podem ser úteis para a criação de um Sistema de Apoio à Decisão (SAD), a Internet of Things (IoT) e o Big Data. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor um modelo conceitual que represente um SAD que utilize Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação com o propósito de fornecer informações e subsídios para auxiliar o processo decisório na gestão de recursos hídricos. A metodologia utilizada caracterizou-se como exploratória e de natureza qualitativa. Como resultado, foi apresentado o modelo conceitual de SAD com base na gestão da informação e no ciclo da Inteligência Organizacional e Competitiva. Pode-se concluir que o SAD proposto depende de informações dispersas nas bacias hidrográficas e a captura pode ser feita por redes de sensores IoT utilizando-se de Big Data para analisá-las historicamente e fazer projeções futuras.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL (IA) GENERATIVA E COMPETÊNCIA EM INFORMAÇÃO: HABILIDADES INFORMACIONAIS NECESSÁRIAS AO USO DE FERRAMENTAS DE IA GENERATIVA EM DEMANDAS INFORMACIONAIS DE NATUREZA ACADÊMICA-CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Trindade Alessandra Stefane Cândido Elias da , Oliveira Henry Poncio Cruz de
Published: May 2024

RESUMO A Inteligência Artificial (IA) traz novos desafios para a aquisição de conhecimento, inclusive no contexto acadêmico-científico. Objetivo: Apresentar as habilidades informacionais necessárias ao uso eficiente de tecnologias de IA Generativa em demandas acadêmicas-científicas. Percurso metodológico: A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória, utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa e duas técnicas de coleta de dados, a saber, pesquisa bibliográfica e observação. Resultado: As ferramentas de IA Generativa trazem novas oportunidades e desafios para a academia e levantam preocupações sobre direito autoral (plágio e propriedade intelectual do conteúdo gerado pela tecnologia), integridade da ciência, confiabilidade das pesquisas, justiça e ética (disseminação de preconceitos) e outras. Conclusões: Para utilizar ferramentas de IA generativa de forma eficaz e estratégica as pessoas precisam desenvolver cinco etapa (Analisar a necessidade de informação; Analisar da ferramenta; Planejar estratégias de busca (elaborar comando); Analisar o conteúdo sintetizado; Usar o conteúdo sintetizado) e aplicar as 18 habilidades informacionais relacionadas a essas etapas.
Bilingüismo, pedagogías multilingües y la colonialidad del lenguaje en la educación superior en EIB
Authors: Kvietok Frances , Ramirez Johanna
Published: May 2024

Resumen: ¿Cuáles son las oportunidades y tensiones que surgen cuando se implementan pedagogías multilingües en contextos de diversidad lingüística y cultural en la educación superior? Abordamos esta pregunta, desde perspectivas críticas y decoloniales del sur, a través de una experiencia de enseñanza multilingüe (en castellano y tres lenguas originarias) en un programa de formación de maestros de educación intercultural bilingüe en el Perú. A partir de una sistematización educativa, describimos cómo la apropiación de parte de los estudiantes de las pedagogías multilingües les proporciona oportunidades para reclamar voces individuales y colectivas, prácticas comunicativas y conocimientos, desarrollar posturas interculturales hacia la diferencia y apoyar formas colectivas de reclamación lingüística. Asimismo, encontramos que estas oportunidades coexisten con la reproducción de ideologías dominantes que aún cuestionan la capacidad comunicativa y epistémica de todos los estudiantes. Finalmente, ofrecemos reflexiones sobre cómo las pedagogías multilingües pueden apoyar esfuerzos más amplios para identificar, desafiar y transformar la colonialidad del lenguaje en la educación superior.
Uso de telas por crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados: percepção dos cuidadores
Authors: Martins Marina Batella , Bacellar Andreza Mourão Lopes
Published: May 2024

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar o tempo de uso de telas por crianças e adolescentes nos contextos domiciliar e hospitalar sob a percepção de seus cuidadores. Foi realizada pesquisa exploratória e transversal com abordagem quantitativa em um hospital público e universitário de uma capital brasileira. Para coleta de dados, foram aplicados dois questionários aos cuidadores: com questões socioeconômicas e da internação e questões sobre o tempo de uso de telas em casa e no hospital e a percepção deles a esse respeito. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial para análise de dados. Participaram do estudo 40 cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados, a maioria do sexo feminino (90%, n=36). Quanto à caracterização das crianças e adolescentes, a maioria era do sexo masculino (55%, n=22), com idade entre 8 meses e 17 anos. Sobre o motivo das internações, identificou-se que 40% (n=16) delas foram ocasionadas por doenças da pele e tecido subcutâneo, e o tempo de internação variou de 1 a 37 dias, com média de 11 dias. Os resultados obtidos indicaram tempo de uso de telas superior ao recomendado, embora não tenha sido constatada diferença significativa entre o tempo de uso em casa e no hospital, entre os dias da semana e/ou entre os tipos de tela. Em relação à percepção dos cuidadores, observou-se que parte deles acredita que o tempo de uso de telas é adequado, indicando a necessidade de sua maior capacitação sobre o tema.
Screen use by hospitalized children and adolescents: caregivers’ perception
Authors: Martins Marina Batella , Bacellar Andreza Mourão Lopes
Published: May 2024

Abstract This study aimed to analyze screen time usage among children and adolescents in both home and hospital settings from their caregivers’ perception. An exploratory and cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach was conducted at a public university hospital in a Brazilian capital. Data collection involved administering two questionnaires to caregivers: one on socioeconomic and hospitalization factors, and another on screen time usage at home and in the hospital and their perceptions thereof. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The study included 40 caregivers of hospitalized children and adolescents, the majority of whom were female (90%, n=36). Regarding the children and adolescents’ characteristics, the majority were male (55%, n=22), aged between 8 months and 17 years. As for the reasons for hospitalization, it was identified that 40% (n=16) were due to diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and the length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 37 days, with an average of 11 days. The results indicated screen time usage above recommended levels, though no significant difference was found between home and hospital usage, between weekdays, and/or between types of screens. Regarding caregivers’ perceptions, it was observed that some believe the amount of screen time is appropriate, indicating a need for greater training on the topic.
Cardiovascular disease risk and body adiposity indicators and their relationship with psychosocial risk in workers of the commerce economic sector
Authors: Rosero Rosero Mónica Andrea , Bedoya Salazar Diana Milena , Raigosa Soto Santiago
Published: May 2024

Abstract Introduction Every year worldwide millions of deaths and non-fatal injuries occur due to inadequate occupational health practices, deaths from ischemic heart disease and stroke are caused by long working hours and high workloads. Objective To identify the degree of correlation of psychosocial risk with the risk of cardiovascular disease and body adiposity indicators: BMI (body mass index), AC (abdominal circumference) and BFP (body fat percentage) in workers of the commerce economic sector. Method A study with a quantitative approach and non-causal correlational scope, with a sample of 118 subjects (56.7% women and 43.3% men). Adiposity indicators were evaluated by means of the international protocol for anthropometric assessment ISAK, cardiovascular risk by means of the Framingham scale and to evaluate psychosocial risk, the Battery of Instruments for the Evaluation of Psychosocial Risk Factors validated for the Colombian population was applied. These data were processed and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 28. Results A significant relationship (p < .05) between the variables is highlighted in different degrees, in the case of the correlation between cardiovascular disease and psychosocial risk its correlation coefficient is (r =. 62), for the correlation between BMI and psychosocial risk a coefficient of (r = .52), in the case of BFP and psychosocial risk in women it was (r = .45) and in men (r = .67) and for AC and psychosocial risk, its correlation coefficient was (r = .42) and (r = .64) respectively. Conclusion There was a strong positive correlation between psychosocial risk and cardiovascular disease risk, as well as between BMI and psychosocial risk. In the case of BFP and psychosocial risk, the degree of correlation was moderate in women and strong in men, as was the correlation between AC and psychosocial risk.
Riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular e indicadores de adiposidad corporal y su relación con el riesgo psicosocial en trabajadores del sector económico de comercio
Authors: Rosero Rosero Mónica Andrea , Bedoya Salazar Diana Milena , Raigosa Soto Santiago
Published: May 2024

Resumen Introducción Cada año a nivel mundial se presentan millones de muertes y lesiones no mortales por inadecuadas prácticas en salud laboral, muertes por cardiopatías isquémicas y accidente cerebrovascular son causadas por largas jornadas y altas cargas laborales. Objetivo Identificar el grado de correlación del riesgo psicosocial con el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular e indicadores de adiposidad corporal: IMC (índice de masa corporal), PA (perímetro abdominal) y BFP (porcentaje de grasa corporal) en trabajadores del sector económico de comercio. Método Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y alcance correlacional no causal, con una muestra de 118 sujetos (56.7% mujeres y 43.3% hombres). Se evaluó los indicadores de adiposidad mediante el protocolo internacional para la valoración antropométrica ISAK, el riesgo cardiovascular por medio de la escala de Framingham y para evaluar el riesgo psicosocial se aplicó la Batería de Instrumentos para la Evaluación de Factores de Riesgos Psicosociales validada para la población colombiana. Estos datos fueron procesados y analizados estadísticamente mediante SPSS versión 28. Resultados Se destaca una relación significativa (p < .05) entre las variables en diferentes grados, en el caso de la correlación entre enfermedad cardiovascular y el riesgo psicosocial su coeficiente de correlación es de (r = .62), para la correlación entre el IMC y el riesgo psicosocial un coeficiente de (r = .52), en el caso del BFP y el riesgo psicosocial en mujeres fue de (r = .45) y en hombres de (r = .67) y para el PA y el riesgo psicosocial, su coeficiente de correlación fue de (r = .42) y (r = .64) respectivamente. Conclusión Existe una correlación positiva y fuerte entre el riesgo psicosocial y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, del mismo modo, entre el IMC y el riesgo psicosocial. En el caso del BFP y el riesgo psicosocial, el grado de correlación fue moderado en mujeres y fuerte en hombres al igual que en la correlación entre el PA y el riesgo psicosocial.
Sensory profile applications in adolescents and adults in the health care: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Goycolea Martinic Rodrigo Fernando , Sepúlveda Angulo Camila Betzabet , Silva Henríquez Camila Fernanda , Romero-Ayuso Dulce María
Published: May 2024

Abstract Introduction Understanding the type of sensory information processed and the reactions to various sensory stimuli is critical for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in adolescents and adults. This literature review explores the different applications of three of the most commonly used instruments for assessing sensory modulation from adolescence. Objective To identify and synthesize the existing information about the applications of the sensory profile for adolescents and adults, as well as the sensory processing questionnaire. Method Narrative review of the literature in which was conducted a sensitivity test to establish keywords and identify relevant data sources. The research was carried out using databases such as WOS, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and the Chilean Journal of Occupational Therapy, covering the period from 2002 to January 2023, following predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results A total of 64 articles were analyzed where the findings were that the use of the sensory profile instrument for adolescents and adults is used in more than 20 pathologies and also in healthy population. The sensory processing questionnaire is in the initial stage of application and validation of the instrument in several countries. Conclusion This is the first narrative literature review of the three sensory processing assessment instruments available for adolescents and adults. These three clinical instruments are complementary and provide relevant information to the clinician for diagnosing sensory processing and guiding occupational therapy intervention.
Functional status of children and adolescents with COVID-19 in a reference hospital in southern Brazil
Authors: Moraes Larissa dos Santos de , Schaan Camila Wohlgemuth , Holand Bruna , Zarth Kahena , Bosa Vera Lucia , Lukrafka Janice Luisa
Published: May 2024

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 could leave important consequences, including functional decline. Objective Eval-uate functional status in pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and correlate with clinical variables. Methods Prospective and retrospective longitudinal study with patients with COVID-19. Hospitalization data were collected from medical record review and post discharge data were collected by telephone contact. Functional status was evaluated by Functional Status Scale (FSS-Brazil) in three moments (hospital admission, hospi-tal discharge and after hospital discharge). Spearman test was used to correlate continuous variables and the linear model with generalized estimation equations was used to verify differences in the proportion of functional impairment occurrence (FSS-Brazil ≥ 8) at different mo-ments of the study and previous disease presence. Results It was included 232 patients, 56% male, median age of five years old. Seventy (30.2%) patients had post discharge data. The mean global score of FSS-Brazil was 7.3 at hospital admission, 6.8 at discharge hospital and 6.8 after discharge hospital. Functional status was adequate in the three different moments evaluated in 75% of the sample. The ventilatory support needed was not correlated with functional status and the length of hos-pital stay and oxygen therapy showed weak correlations with functional status. Having no previous disease reduced the risk of functional impairment by 94%. Conclusion The majority of the patients maintained adequate functional status. Absence of previous disease was a protective factor for long term functional impairment.
Estado funcional de crianças e adolescentes com COVID-19 em um hospital de referência no sul do Brasil
Authors: Moraes Larissa dos Santos de , Schaan Camila Wohlgemuth , Holand Bruna , Zarth Kahena , Bosa Vera Lucia , Lukrafka Janice Luisa
Published: May 2024

Resumo Introdução A COVID-19 pode deixar sequelas impor-tantes, como declínio funcional. Objetivo Avaliar a funcionalidade dos pacientes pediátricos internados com COVID-19 e correlacionar com variáveis clínicas. Métodos Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo e prospectivo, com pacientes pediátricos com COVID-19. Os dados de internação hospitalar foram coletados a partir da revisão de prontuários e os dados pós-alta através de contato telefônico. A funcionalidade foi avaliada através da Escala de Estado Funcional Pediátrica (FSS-Brasil) em três momentos (admissão, alta e pós-alta hospitalar). A correlação entre as variáveis contínuas foi avaliada pelo teste de Spearman e utilizou-se o modelo linear com equações de estimação generalizada para verificar as diferenças nas proporções de ocorrência de prejuízo funcional (FSS-Brasil ≥ 8) nos diferentes momentos do estudo e na presença de doenças prévias. Resultados Foram incluídos 232 pacientes, 56% do sexo masculino, mediana de 5 anos de idade. Foram obtidos dados de seguimento pós-alta hospitalar de 70 (30,2%) crianças. O escore global médio da FSS-Brasil foi de 7,3 na admissão, 6,8 na alta e 6,8 após a alta. A funcionalidade apresentou-se adequada nos três momentos de avalia-ção em 75% da amostra. A necessidade de suporte ven-tilatório não foi correlacionado com a funcionalidade, e o tempo de internação e oxigenoterapia apresentaram correlações fracas com a funcionalidade. A inexistência de doenças prévias reduziu em 94% o risco de prejuízo funcional. Conclusão A maioria das crianças manteve funcionalidade adequada. Não ter doenças prévias foi um fator de proteção para o prejuízo funcional em longo prazo.
From Isolation to Desolation: Investigating Self-Harm Discussions in Incel Communities
Authors: Ali Moonis , Zannettou Savvas
Published: May 2024

Incel communities have recently attracted the public's interest mainly due to their high degree of extreme views and involvement in real-world violence.
A common theme in Incel communities is self-harm discussions. Despite this, beyond small-scale qualitative analyses of self-harm discussions in Incel communities, we lack a large-scale quantitative understanding of how Incels discuss self-harm and how it differs from mainstream communities.
In this work, we aim to demystify self-harm discussions in Incel communities using a data-driven approach and understand how Incels differentiate from mainstream communities.
We use a dataset of 6.4M posts from 18 Incel subreddits and 2.4M posts from an Incel forum, as well as 5.8M posts from two mainstream subreddits discussing mental health.
Using word embedding approaches, temporal analyses, topic modeling, and qualitative analysis, we shed light on self-harm discussions in Incel and mainstream communities and their evolution over time.
We find substantial differences in the language related to self-harm deployed among the communities; we find that Incels use niche terms related to self-harm, which is not the case in mainstream communities.
We observe that over time, language related to self-harm evolves considerably more among Incels than in mainstream communities.
Also, we observe that negative perception of their physical appearance is the most recurrent theme in self-harm conversations for Incels, which does not feature in mainstream communities.
Finally, by analyzing social factors, we find that Substance abuse is the most closely associated social factor to self-harm in Incel and mainstream communities and that Physical Appearance, over time, is becoming increasingly closely related to self-harm discussions in Incel communities.
You Are a Bot! – Studying the Development of Bot Accusations on Twitter
Authors: Assenmacher Dennis , Fröhling Leon , Wagner Claudia
Published: May 2024

The characterization and detection of bots with their presumed ability to manipulate society on social media platforms have been subject to many research endeavors over the last decade. In the absence of ground truth data (i.e., accounts that are labeled as bots by experts or self-declare their automated nature), researchers interested in the characterization and detection of bots may want to tap into the wisdom of the crowd. But how many people need to accuse another user as a bot before we can assume that the account is most likely automated? And more importantly, are bot accusations on social media at all a valid signal for the detection of bots?

Our research presents the first large-scale study of bot accusations on Twitter and shows how the term bot became an instrument of dehumanization in social media conversations since it is predominantly used to deny the humanness of conversation partners. Consequently, bot accusations on social media should not be naively used as a signal to train or test bot detection models.
Classifying Conspiratorial Narratives at Scale: False Alarms and Erroneous Connections
Authors: Diab Ahmad , Nefriana Rr. , Lin Yu-Ru
Published: May 2024

Online discussions frequently involve conspiracy theories, which can contribute to the proliferation of belief in them. However, not all discussions surrounding conspiracy theories promote them, as some are intended to debunk them. Existing research has relied on simple proxies or focused on a constrained set of signals to identify conspiracy theories, which limits our understanding of conspiratorial discussions across different topics and online communities. This work establishes a general scheme for classifying discussions related to conspiracy theories based on authors' perspectives on the conspiracy belief, which can be expressed explicitly through narrative elements, such as the agent, action, or objective, or implicitly through references to known theories, such as chemtrails or the New World Order. We leverage human-labeled ground truth to train a BERT-based model for classifying online CTs, which we then compared to the Generative Pre-trained Transformer machine (GPT) for detecting online conspiratorial content. Despite GPT's known strengths in its expressiveness and contextual understanding, our study revealed significant flaws in its logical reasoning, while also demonstrating comparable strengths from our classifiers. We present the first large-scale classification study using posts from the most active conspiracy-related Reddit forums and find that only one-third of the posts are classified as positive. This research sheds light on the potential applications of large language models in tasks demanding nuanced contextual comprehension.
Partial Mobilization: Tracking Multilingual Information Flows amongst Russian Media Outlets and Telegram
Authors: Hanley Hans W. A. , Durumeric Zakir
Published: May 2024

In response to disinformation and propaganda from Russian online media following the invasion of Ukraine, Russian media outlets such as Russia Today and Sputnik News were banned throughout Europe. To maintain viewership, many of these Russian outlets began to heavily promote their content on messaging services like Telegram. In this work, we study how 16 Russian media outlets interacted with and utilized 732 Telegram channels throughout 2022. Leveraging the foundational model MPNet, DP-Means clustering, and Hawkes processes, we trace how narratives spread between news sites and Telegram channels. We show that news outlets not only propagate existing narratives through Telegram but that they source material from the messaging platform. For example, across the websites in our study, between 2.3% (ura.news) and 26.7% (ukraina.ru) of articles discussed content that originated/resulted from activity on Telegram. Finally, tracking the spread of individual topics, we measure the rate at which news outlets and Telegram channels disseminate content within the Russian media ecosystem, finding that websites like ura.news and Telegram channels such as @genshab are the most effective at disseminating their content.
Characterizing Information Propagation in Fringe Communities on Telegram
Authors: Hoseini Mohamad , Melo Philipe de Freitas , Benevenuto Fabrício , Feldmann Anja , Zannettou Savvas
Published: May 2024

Online messaging platforms are key communication tools but are vulnerable to fake news and conspiracy theories. Mainstream platforms such as Facebook are increasing content moderation of harmful and conspiratorial content. In response, users from fringe communities are migrating to alternative platforms like Telegram. These platforms offer more freedom and less intervention. Currently, Telegram is one of the leading messaging platforms hosting fringe communities. Despite the popularity, as a research community, we lack knowledge of how content spreads over this network. Motivated by the importance and impact of messaging platforms on society, we aim to measure the information propagation within fringe communities on the Telegram network, focusing on how public groups and channels exchange messages. We collect and explore about 140 million messages from 9,000 channels and groups on Telegram. We examine message forwarding and the lifetime of the messages from different aspects. Among other things, we find inequality in content creation; 6% of the users are responsible for 90% of forwarded messages. We also discover that while the forwarding feature considerably amplifies the reach of messages, the spread of content within our dataset remains largely localized. Additionally, we find that 5% of the channels are responsible for 40% of the forwarded messages in the entire dataset. Finally, our lifetime analysis shows that messages disseminated in groups with numerous active users exhibit significantly longer lifespans compared to those circulated in channels.
With Flying Colors: Predicting Community Success in Large-Scale Collaborative Campaigns
Authors: Israeli Abraham , Tsur Oren
Published: May 2024

Online communities develop unique characteristics, establish social norms, and exhibit distinct dynamics among their members. Activity in online communities often results in concrete “off-line” actions with a broad societal impact (e.g., political street protests and shifting norms related to sexual misconduct). While community dynamics, information diffusion, and online collaborations have been widely studied in the past two decades, quantitative studies that measure the effectiveness of online communities in promoting their agenda are scarce. In this work, we study the correspondence between the effectiveness of a community, measured by its success level in a competitive online campaign, and the underlying dynamics between its members. To this end, we de- fine a novel task: predicting the success level of online communities in Reddit’s r/place – a large-scale distributed experiment that required collaboration between community members. We consider an array of definitions for success level; each is geared toward different aspects of the collaborative achievement. We experiment with several hybrid models, combining various types of features. Our models significantly outperform all baseline models over all definitions of ‘success level’. Analysis of the results and the factors that contribute to the success of coordinated campaigns can provide a better understanding of the resilience or the vulnerability of communities to online social threats such as election interference or anti-science trends. We make all data used for this study publicly available for further research.
Facebook Political Ads and Accountability: Outside Groups Are Most Negative, Especially When Hiding Donors
Authors: Jain Shomik , Wood Abby K.
Published: May 2024

The emergence of online political advertising has come with little regulation, allowing political advertisers on social media to avoid accountability. We analyze how transparency and accountability deficits caused by dark money and disappearing groups relate to the sentiment of political ads on Facebook. We obtained 430,044 ads with FEC-registered advertisers from Facebook’s ad library that ran between August-November 2018. We compare ads run by candidates, parties, and outside groups, which we classify by (1) their donor transparency (dark money or disclosed) and (2) the group's permanence (only FEC-registered in 2018 or persistent across cycles). The most negative advertising came from dark money and disappearing outside groups, which were mostly corporations or 501(c) organizations. However, only dark money was associated with a significant decrease in ad sentiment. These results suggest that accountability for political speech matters for advertising tone, especially in the context of affective polarization on social media.
Look Ahead Text Understanding and LLM Stitching
Authors: Jiang Junlin Julian , Li Xin
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a look ahead text understanding problem with look ahead section identification (LASI) as an example. This problem may appear in generative AI as well as human interactions, where we want to understand the direction of a developing text or conversation. We tackle the problem using transformer-based LLMs. We show that LASI is more challenging than classic section identification (SI). We argue that both bidirectional contextual information (e.g., BERT) and unidirectional predictive ability (e.g., GPT) will benefit the task. We propose two approaches to stitch together BERT and GPT. Experiments show that our approach outperforms the established models, especially when there is noise in the text (which is often the case for developing text in generative AI). Our paper sheds light on other look ahead text understanding tasks that are important to social media, such as look ahead sentiment classification, and points out the opportunities to leverage pre-trained LLMs through stitching.
Watch Your Language: Investigating Content Moderation with Large Language Models
Authors: Kumar Deepak , AbuHashem Yousef Anees , Durumeric Zakir
Published: May 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity due to their ability to perform a wide array of natural language tasks. Text-based content moderation is one LLM use case that has received recent enthusiasm, however, there is little research investigating how LLMs can help in content moderation settings. In this work, we evaluate a suite of commodity LLMs on two common content moderation tasks: rule-based community moderation and toxic content detection. For rule-based community moderation, we instantiate 95 subcommunity specific LLMs by prompting GPT-3.5 with rules from 95 Reddit subcommunities. We find that GPT-3.5 is effective at rule-based moderation for many communities, achieving a median accuracy of 64% and a median precision of 83%. For toxicity detection, we evaluate a range of LLMs (GPT-3, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Gemini Pro, LLAMA 2) and show that LLMs significantly outperform currently widespread toxicity classifiers. However, we also found that increases in model size add only marginal benefit to toxicity detection, suggesting a potential performance plateau for LLMs on toxicity detection tasks. We conclude by outlining avenues for future work in studying LLMs and content moderation.
Stance Detection with Collaborative Role-Infused LLM-Based Agents
Authors: Lan Xiaochong , Gao Chen , Jin Depeng , Li Yong
Published: May 2024

Stance detection automatically detects the stance in a text towards a target, vital for content analysis in web and social media research. Despite their promising capabilities, LLMs encounter challenges when directly applied to stance detection. First, stance detection demands multi-aspect knowledge, from deciphering event-related terminologies to understanding the expression styles in social media platforms. Second, stance detection requires advanced reasoning to infer authors' implicit viewpoints, as stances are often subtly embedded rather than overtly stated in the text. To address these challenges, we design a three-stage framework COLA (short for Collaborative rOle-infused LLM-based Agents) in which LLMs are designated distinct roles, creating a collaborative system where each role contributes uniquely. Initially, in the multidimensional text analysis stage, we configure the LLMs to act as a linguistic expert, a domain specialist, and a social media veteran to get a multifaceted analysis of texts, thus overcoming the first challenge. Next, in the reasoning-enhanced debating stage, for each potential stance, we designate a specific LLM-based agent to advocate for it, guiding the LLM to detect logical connections between text features and stance, tackling the second challenge. Finally, in the stance conclusion stage, a final decision maker agent consolidates prior insights to determine the stance. Our approach avoids extra annotated data and model training and is highly usable. We achieve state-of-the-art performance across multiple datasets. Ablation studies validate the effectiveness of each role design in handling stance detection. Further experiments have demonstrated the explainability and the versatility of our approach. Our approach excels in usability, accuracy, effectiveness, explainability and versatility, highlighting its value.
How to Train Your YouTube Recommender to Avoid Unwanted Videos
Authors: Liu Alexander , Wu Siqi , Resnick Paul
Published: May 2024

YouTube provides features for users to indicate disinterest when presented with unwanted recommendations, such as the “Not interested” and “Don’t recommend channel” buttons. These buttons are intended to allow the user to correct “mistakes” made by the recommendation system. Yet, relatively little is known about the empirical efficacy of these buttons. Neither is much known about users’ awareness of and confidence in them. To address these gaps, we simulated YouTube users with sock puppet agents. Each agent first executed a “stain phase”, where it watched many videos of an assigned topic; it then executed a “scrub phase”, where it tried to remove recommendations from the assigned topic. Each agent repeatedly applied a single scrubbing strategy, either indicating disinterest in one of the videos visited in the stain phase (disliking it or deleting it from the watch history), or indicating disinterest in a video recommended on the homepage (clicking the “not interested” or “don’t recommend channel” button or opening the video and clicking the dislike button). We found that the stain phase significantly increased the fraction of the recommended videos dedicated to the assigned topic on the user’s homepage. For the scrub phase, using the “Not interested” button worked best, significantly reducing such recommendations in all topics tested, on average removing 88% of them. Neither the stain phase nor the scrub phase, however, had much effect on videopage recommendations (those given to users while they watch a video). We also ran a survey (N = 300) asking adult YouTube users in the US whether they were aware of and used these buttons before, as well as how effective they found these buttons to be. We found that 44% of participants were not aware that the “Not interested” button existed. Those who were aware of it often used it to remove unwanted recommendations (82.8%) and found it to be modestly effective (3.42 out of 5).
Understanding Coordinated Communities through the Lens of Protest-Centric Narratives: A Case Study on #CAA Protest
Authors: Neha Kumari , Agrawal Vibhu , Chhatani Saurav , Sharma Rajesh , Buduru Arun Balaji , Kumaraguru Ponnurangam
Published: May 2024

Social media platforms, particularly Twitter, have emerged as vital media for organizing online protests worldwide. During protests, users on social media share different narratives, often coordinated to share collective opinions and obtain widespread reach. In this paper, we focus on the communities formed during a protest and the collective narratives they share, using the protest on the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act (#CAA) by the Indian Government as a case study. Since #CAA protest led to divergent discourse in the country, we first classify the users into opposing stances, i.e., protesters (who opposed the Act) and counter-protesters (who supported it) in an unsupervised manner. Next, we identify the coordinated communities in the opposing stances and examine the collective narratives shared by coordinated communities of opposing stances. We use content-based metrics to identify user coordination, including hashtags, mentions, and retweets. Our results suggest mention as the strongest metric for coordination across the opposing stances. Next, we decipher the collective narratives in the opposing stances using an unsupervised narrative detection framework and found call-to-action, on-ground activity, grievances sharing, questioning, and skepticism narratives in the protest tweets. We analyze the strength of the different coordinated communities using network measures, and perform inauthentic activity analysis on the most coordinated communities on both sides. Our findings also suggest that coordinated communities, which were highly inauthentic, showed the highest clustering coefficient towards a greater extent of coordination.