bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Fracture of Lateral Pterygoid Plate by Penetrating Foreign Body – A Rarity Indeed
Authors: Surya Mukesh , Soni Pawan , Bharti Ramesh , Jamwal Ira
Published: March 2017

Background: Fractures of mid-face were first described by Le Fort and are classified into three categories – Le Fort I, Le Fort II and Le Fort III. The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone are fractured in all the three categories of Le Fort fractures as the sphenoid bone connects the cranium vault to the facial bones. Fractures of the pterygoid processes without associated Le Fort fractures are rare and are usually associated with fractures of the mandible, temporal bone or other facial bones. An isolated fracture of pterygoid plates without associated Le Fort fractures or fractures of other midface bones are exceedingly rare.

Case Report: We present a case of an isolated fracture of the right lateral pterygoid plate by a penetrating foreign body (wooden twig) in an adult male who presented with discharging sinus in the oropharynx. The presence of the foreign body was confirmed on computed tomography and was removed under general anesthesia via submandibular incision. The patient had an uneventful postoperative hospital stay and was asymptomatic on a follow-up five months later.

Conclusions: This article emphasizes the fact that pterygoid plates may be fractured without an associated Le Fort fracture or a fracture of the mandible. This is the first case of an isolated pterygoid plate fracture in the literature.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 15
Authors: Prud’homme van Reine Willem F.
Published: March 2017

Three names are recommended for conservation against the names indicated: Gelidium bipectinatum (Rhodophyceae) against Fucus serra; Scrippsiella (Dinophyceae) against Heteraulacus and Goniodoma; and Gloeobacter violaceus (Cyanophyceae) against Aphanothece caldariorum, Gloeothece coerulea, and Gloeothece linearis, while two names are recommended for conservation with a conserved type: Chara hispida (Characeae) and Gloeothece (Cyanophyceae). Three names are recommended for outright rejection, Jania verrucosa (Rhodophyceae), Cyanospira (Cyanophyceae) and Goniodomataceae (Dinophyceae), but the name Gonyaulax catenella (Dinophyceae) should not be rejected. The Committee concluded that the names Geisleria Nitschke (Fungi) and Geissleria Lange‐Bert. & Metzeltin (Bacillariophyceae) are not sufficiently alike to be confused.
Hybridization and long‐distance colonization in oat‐like grasses of South and East Asia, including an amended circumscription of Helictotrichon and the description of the new genus Tzveleviochloa (Poaceae)
Authors: Wölk Alexandra , Röser Martin
Published: March 2017

The phylogenetic relationships of 31 genera of the traditional grass tribe Aveneae, with focus on Southeast Asian species of Helictotrichon, were examined using DNA sequences of the plastid matK‐psbA region, nuclear ITS, the nuclear single‐copy gene topoisomerase 6 (Topo6) spanning two introns and morphology. A molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed for 121 species applying maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. Additionally we surveyed 11 Southeast Asian taxa for structural spikelet characters including lemmas, lodicules and ovaries. The phylogenetic results of the three molecular markers revealed that several Southeast Asian species traditionally accommodated in Helictotrichon are misplaced in this genus except for H. abietetorum, H. hideoi and H. leianthum. The placement of H. polyneurum and H. sumatrense in the genus Helictotrichon requires further investigation as suggested by morphological and preliminary molecular data. Due to the occurrence of different sequence types of ITS and Topo6, both nuclear DNA markers suggested an allopolyploid origin for several Southeast Asian taxa. (1) In Helictotrichon parviflorum and H. potaninii two different sequence types of Topo6 occur, closely similar to those of Trisetum and Helictotrichon, respectively. Nuclear ITS data of both species point to affinities with Trisetum and related genera but not to Helictotrichon. Both species belong to a hitherto unknown genus that is morphologically distinct from Trisetum and Helictotrichon and is named Tzveleviochloa. (2) Two copy types (A and B) of Topo6 previously identified in African Trisetopsis, a genus encompassing predominantly sub‐Saharan species that traditionally had been ascribed to Helictotrichon, also occur in two Southeast Asian species, i.e., H. junghuhnii and H. virescens. In agreement with morphological data both species need to be transferred to Trisetopsis. This expands the hitherto known eastern edge of the range of Trisetopsis from the Arabian Peninsula to China. (3) Additionally, the Chinese H. altius has a copy type sequence of Topo6 similar to that of Trisetopsis but not of Helictotrichon in its genome, whereas its plastid DNA fits Helictotrichon and relatives. Along with morphological characters this supports intermediacy between Trisetopsis and Helictotrichon. Therefore H. altius is probably an intergeneric hybrid, here named ×Trisetopsotrichon altius. The taxonomically difficult genus Helictotrichon s.l. in tropical to temperate southeastern Asia becomes disassembled into Helictotrichon s.str., the new genus Tzveleviochloa, gen. nov., and the nothogenus ×Trisetopsotrichon, nothogen. nov. The following combinations are introduced: Trisetopsis aspera, comb. nov., T. junghuhnii, comb. nov., T. virescens, comb. nov., ×Trisetopsotrichon altius, comb. nov., Tzveleviochloa burmanica, comb. nov., T. parviflora, comb. nov., T. potaninii, comb. nov.
Deadlines, Workflows, Task Sorting, and Work Quality
Authors: Balasubramanian Natarajan , Lee Jeongsik , Sivadasan Jagadeesh
Published: March 2017

Deadlines are often used to manage the time of valuable human capital. In this multimethod paper, we propose a theoretical framework grounded in a formal model that encapsulates the key drivers and consequences of deadline-related time pressures on workflows, task sorting, and work quality. We use large-scale data on patent filings, along with insights from primary data collection, to test our hypotheses. In line with our predictions, we find clustering of patent filings around month-ends, with month-end applications being more complex than those filed on other days. Consistent with time pressure reducing work quality, we find that work quality is lower for tasks completed at month-ends, more so for process measures of quality than for outcome measures. Calibration of our model to the data allows us to shed light on the benefits of deadlines and suggests small levels of task acceleration but potentially larger working capital–related benefits for law firms.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2663 .

This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Sensitivity to Serial Dependency of Input Processes: A Robust Approach
Authors: Lam Henry
Published: March 2017

Procedures in assessing the impact of serial dependency on performance analysis are usually built on parametrically specified models. In this paper, we propose a robust, nonparametric approach to carry out this assessment, by computing the worst-case deviation of the performance measure due to arbitrary dependence. The approach is based on optimizations, posited on the model space, that have constraints specifying the level of dependency measured by a nonparametric distance to some nominal independent and identically distributed input model. We study approximation methods for these optimizations via simulation and analysis of variance. Numerical experiments demonstrate how the proposed approach can discover the hidden impacts of dependency beyond those revealed by conventional parametric modeling and correlation studies.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2667 .

This paper was accepted by Assaf Zeevi, stochastic models and simulation.
Enlivening your approach to languages education
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: March 2017

It can be difficult for primary schools to maintain their commitment to teaching modern foreign languages. Suzanne O'Connell looks at the challenges for schools and some ideas for enlivening approaches to language learning
Welfare conditionality, benefit sanctions and homelessness in the UK: ending the ‘something for nothing culture’ or punishing the poor?
Authors: Reeve Kesia
Published: March 2017

In 2012 the UK government introduced the harshest regime of conditionality and sanctions in the history of the benefits system. The government insists sanctions are not punitive, but critics call this into question. In particular, the regime has been charged with disproportionately affecting vulnerable people. Based on a survey and qualitative interviews with homeless people, this paper shows that homeless people are disproportionately sanctioned, and argues that it is difficult to see the regime as anything but punishment — punishment not for refusing to participate in the labour market, but for being unable to do so through homelessness, poverty and ill-health.
Nurturing English regionalism: A new role for local newspapers in a federal UK?
Authors: Roberts Simon Gwyn
Published: March 2017

Any constitutional move towards a federal system in the United Kingdom would inevitably be unbalanced by England’s obvious economic, cultural and numerical dominance. Some form of English regional devolution is therefore essential if we are to progress as a multinational state post Scottish and Welsh devolution. This article adopts a deliberately polemical approach to a consideration of the potential role of regional English newspapers in that context, suggesting that their established links with a coherent audience, rooted in place, might allow them to act as a vehicle for debate and nurture a sense of regional identity often absent from contemporary English politics. Regional newspapers are ‘culturally specific’ and have a key role to play in articulating the popular experience of post-devolution political change: this might also present this struggling sector with valuable commercial opportunities as they take advantage of the new political paradigm to further embed themselves within their communities.
Animated ‘jams’: The secret joy of collective films
Authors: Hernández María Lorenzo
Published: March 2017

This article presents an overview on a rare genre from independent animation, the animated ‘jams’ or collective films, where all invited authors are free to contribute creatively to the ensemble. Animated ‘jams’ have, therefore, a great power to free the imagination, so that the results are virtually unrepeatable by another group of animators, much less through a planned work system. Therefore, animated ‘jams’ stimulate innovation, leading to experimental films that achieve notoriety at cinema and animation festivals because of their originality. Musicality, absurd humour, improvisation and abstraction are common features of these art films, where any narrative will remain in the background. Several examples of this unusual genre are discussed, from Marv Newland’s bold proposal to produce the film Anijam (Newland, 1984) – which shows a strong influence of the surrealistic ‘exquisite corpse’ – to learning experiences using the animated ‘jam’ as a strategy to introduce students to animation, often coordinated by renowned animators who share their techniques and procedures in the workshops. The article will also pay attention to a singular figure, Dr Miquel Guillem, who significantly supported the realization of animated ‘jams’ at Universitat Politècnica de València, as a teaching methodology that promotes collective work. Furthermore, this article will gather first-hand the production process of one of these ‘jams’: The Cat Dances with its Shadow (Lorenzo, 2012).
The changing face of students in New Zealand: Are visual arts teachers keeping pace?
Authors: Smith Jill
Published: March 2017

The changing face of students in secondary schools in New Zealand is evident from the population statistics in the 2013 national census. The greatest numbers of young people under 20 years now come from ethnically diverse groups. In contrast, visual arts teachers remain predominantly European New Zealand. This article reports on research conducted in 2015 that investigated how secondary school visual arts teachers are responding to the increasing ethnic and cultural diversity of their students. It focuses on one key finding – that 16–18-year-old students who study visual arts at years 12 and 13 are being empowered by their predominantly European New Zealand teachers to express their individual identities using three pedagogical approaches. The stories of the students, articulated through the voices of their visual arts teachers, are visualized in examples of their artworks. The data illustrates how these teachers are keeping pace, albeit in differing ways.
The Museum of Innocence: Five concepts for challenging the status quo in art education
Authors: Soganci Ismail Ozgur
Published: March 2017

In 2012, novelist Orhan Pamuk, recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in literature, created a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Awarded ‘European Museum of the Year’ by the Council of Europe in 2014, Pamuk’s Museum of Innocence represents a personal, local and small-scale model for museums. Crafted first as a novel of fiction and later as a real-life museum, the interplay of the novel–museum duo unfolds a love story through a collection of objects. The article, investigating Pamuk’s curatorial lenses in arranging the museum collection, elaborates on five concepts extracted from this unconventional museum: Proximity to everyday objects, suggestiveness, polyphony, enquiry through the arts, and emphasis on the individual. By examining these key concepts in relation to and within the museum context, the article encourages discussion to challenge the status quo in approaching artworks and provides insight towards relevant practice for art educators who have close proximity to current art practices in art museums and similar institutions.
Dancing in the gallery: Opening children’s eyes and mobilizing their responses to art, reflections on a DART project
Authors: Snook Barb , Brown Carol
Published: March 2017

Well into the twenty-first-century performing and visual arts education and practice are at a critical juncture. While the demands on arts practitioners (including teachers, performers and artists) have become increasingly interdisciplinary and collaborative, training and education in arts within mainstream education in Aotearoa, New Zealand, remain tied to discrete disciplinary categories. Students study music, dance, visual arts and drama and specialize in one or more of these as they progress, but where do we see them learning about these arts forms in combination and dialogue? The Dance and Art (DART) project aims to create an interdisciplinary and intergenerational model of peer-to-peer learning that is collaborative, situated and culturally relevant.
‘Getting milk from the chicken’: Hospitality and hospitableness in Bulgaria’s mass tourism resorts
Authors: Bethmann Carla
Published: March 2017

This chapter explores notions and practices of hospitality among tourism workers in the Bulgarian coastal resort of Golden Sands. At its centre is the question whether it is justified to speak of hospitality in the context of service production in a mass tourism resort. Based on ethnographic data and building on Elizabeth Telfer’s notions of the good host and hospitableness, it investigates the provision of commercial hospitality in Golden Sands in the late socialist period and under the conditions of post-socialist mass tourism development. Practices of hospitality were markedly influenced by the transformation of the organization of tourism in the resort. Changes in the organization of labour and the post-socialist tourism boom had a profound effect on workers’ ability to be good hosts and to create moments of hospitableness in their daily interactions with tourists.
The Hospitable Meal Model
Authors: Justesen Lise , Overgaard Svend Skafte
Published: March 2017

This article presents an analytical model that aims to conceptualize how meal experiences are framed when taking into account a dynamic understanding of hospitality: the meal model is named The Hospitable Meal Model. The idea behind The Hospitable Meal Model is to present a conceptual model that can serve as a frame for developing hospitable meal competencies among professionals working within the area of institutional foodservices as well as a conceptual model for analysing meal experiences. The Hospitable Meal Model transcends and transforms existing meal models by presenting a more open-ended approach towards meal experiences. The underlying purpose of The Hospitable Meal Model is to provide the basis for creating value for the individuals involved in institutional meal services. The Hospitable Meal Model was developed on the basis of an empirical study on hospital meal experiences explored through different epistemological positions and inspired by a sociomaterial assemblage approach. It frames an ontological position that considers meal experiences as dynamic, relational and socially constructed and supports the idea that meal experiences create different values and can be unpredictable.
Reviews
Authors: Wall Geoffrey , Chawla Gaurav , Ringham Kate , Kaya Burcu , Tjolle Valere
Published: March 2017

Poverty Alleviation through Tourism Development: A Comprehensive and Integrated Approach, Robertico Croes and Manuel Rivera (2016) Waretown, NJ: Apple Academic Press, xxi + 246 pp., ISBN: 9781771881418, h/bk, £89.00

Sustainability in Hospitality: How Innovative Hotels are Transforming the Industry, Miguel Angel Gardetti and Anna Laura Torres (eds) (2016) Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing Limited, vi + 263 pp., ISBN: 9781783532643, h/bk, £80.00

CSR and Sustainability: From the Margins to the Mainstream: A Textbook, Michael Hopkins (ed.) (2016) Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing Limited, xxvii + 465 pp., ISBN: 9781783534463, h/bk, £80.00

The Seductions of Pilgrimage: Sacred Journeys Afar and Astray in the Western Religious Tradition, Michael A. Di Giovine and David Picard (eds) (2015) Farnham, Ashgate, ix + 266 pp., ISBN: 9781472440075, h/bk, £70.00

Tourism and National Identity: Heritage and Nationhood in Scotland, Kalyan Bhandari (2014) Bristol: Channel View, xiii + 154 pp., ISBN: 9781845414474, p/bk, £24.95
The Norwegian municipal music and art schools in the light of community music
Authors: Rønningen Anders
Published: March 2017

The Norwegian Municipal Music and Art Schools (MMAS) hold an important function in the Norwegian society, providing education and cultural activities on a weekly basis for some 103,000 kids. This article discusses the MMAS in the light of Community Music values. Orienting the discussion around three focal themes – Access and participation, Social aspects and Frames and flexibility – the article identifies both resemblances and contrasts between community music and MMAS practice and philosophy. A recently published curriculum plan for the MMAS is addressed and discussed in the article, and it is claimed that this new curriculum plan pulls the field in a direction towards more community like practice. This may imply a new perspective on what should be the MMAS’ core activities, and from that also follows that there might be a need for new and more relevant competences among the teachers.
Haile Gerima’s Sankofa experience: Man, mission, movie, movement
Authors: Hamilton-Wray Tama Lynne
Published: March 2017

The collective memory of the slave experience is imprinted on the minds and hearts of many African descendants in the Americas. However, many do not recognize or acknowledge this memory until it is pricked by an image, story or an experience. Sankofa, the 1993 slave narrative film by Ethiopian director Haile Gerima, did just that. Drawing on press accounts, oral history and critical analysis of Sankofa, this study adopts a Third Cinema framework to explore the distribution and reception of Sankofa with its primarily African American audience. This study asserts that Sankofa’s institutional dynamics contributed to an activist movement around the film. Further, the film’s narrative and form, specifically Gerima’s adoption of five key cinematic strategies, privileged the black spectator in a dialectical exploration of slave history.
Experimental cartographies in Tariq Teguia’s Inland
Authors: Victor Anna
Published: March 2017

This article argues that Tariq Teguia’s 2008 film Inland establishes a new frontier for North African cinema with the creation of a unique visual style that moves away from the thematic considerations of national cinema. Teguia’s work can be located within that of an emergent ‘cinema d’auteur’, which privileges an aesthetic exploration of the political and philosophical. Teguia’s film provides a visual and spatial form for a mapping of postcolonial Algerian space inspired by the journey of a clandestine migrant who, originally heading to Europe, reverses her path midway through the film in order to travel back to sub-Saharan Africa, thus marking a shift from an economy of extraction-oriented north to an analysis of spatial production turned towards the global south. This reversal of a dominant narrative of migration enables Teguia to generate an experimental cartography that theorizes an interior as a site of infinite space.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mistry Jyoti , Shoroye Lillian Omolara
Published: March 2017

AFRICA’S LOST CLASSICS: NEW HISTORIES OF AFRICAN CINEMA, LIZELLE BISSCHOFF AND DAVID MURPHY (EDS) (2014) London: Legenda – Modern Humanities Research Association and Maney Publishing ISBN: 9781907975516, 271 pp., hardback, £75, $99

AUTEURING NOLLYWOOD: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE FIGURINE, ADESHINA AFOLAYAN (ED.) (2014) Ibadan: University Press PLC ISBN: 978780698287, xxii + 457 pp., paperback, $42.95
The roads to Gissing’s Grub Street: An interview with Christopher Douglas
Authors: Ue Tom
Published: March 2017

Gissing’s 1891 novel New Grub Street follows the careers and personal lives of a number of writers, including Edwin Reardon and Jasper Milvain, as they negotiate with the increasingly globalized publishing industry of Victorian England. BBC Radio 4’s latest adaptation is in two 58-minute episodes that aired on 3 and 10 September 2016. Earlier dramatizations include three one-hour episodes, on 13, 20 and 27 August 1972, produced by Jane Morgan and adapted by Gabriel Woolf (Coustillas 1972: 19); and on 8, 15 and 22 September 2002, produced by Janet Whitaker and dramatized by Tony Ramsay (Coustillas 2002: 21). The latter adaptation was uniformly praised by Paul Bailey in the TLS (11 October 2002): ‘Tony Ramsay’s three-part serialization of Gissing’s dank masterpiece was exemplary in every particular, and Janet Whittaker’s production could not be faulted’. Harold Pinter performed the role of the narrator in this adaptation. Bailey calls attention to the resonance that the novel has for those in the literary world, both in the nineteenth century and beyond: ‘Tony Ramsay’s brilliant adaptation told Radio 4’s substantial audience many salutary truths about the lives of those writers who weren’t Dickens or Thackeray or George Eliot. I hope, too, that it caused them to realize that nothing much has changed in what is known as the “literary world”’.

Directed and produced by Gary Brown, BBC Radio 4’s new adaptation of New Grub Street was recorded at BBC Drama North’s studios in Salford Quays in Manchester from 5–8 July 2016. It stars adaptor Christopher Douglas as Gissing; Henry Lloyd-Hughes, Milvain; Sam Alexander, Reardon; Emily Pithon, Amy and Edith; and Olivia Hallinan, Marian. Since 2005, Douglas has co-written and starred in Ed Reardon’s Week, which won the Radio Programme of the Year in 2005 and again in 2010 at the Broadcasting Press Guild Awards. A novelization of the first series appeared in 2005. A prolific writer, Douglas has worked on theatre, radio, television, books and journalism, and his credits include How to be Eighteenth Century (2006) for BBC4 and BBC2 and How to be Edwardian (2007) for the former. As I have suggested in my article on Gissing’s revival in the TLS (6 October 2016), Douglas imaginatively brings together Gissing the man and his oeuvre, a link established, for instance, by the doubling of Pithon as Reardon’s wife Amy and Gissing’s second wife Edith Underwood. Douglas makes a number of fresh in-roads into the novel: it is never clear with which writer character Gissing identifies. Here, Gissing is visibly juggling between three (i.e., Milvain, Reardon and Alfred Yule). In the following interview, I discuss with Douglas his research into Gissing, the synergies between fact and fiction that are brought to bear in this adaptation and the storylines that he retains and omits from New Grub Street.
University musicians’ experiences in an iPad ensemble: A phenomenological case study
Authors: Verrico Kristina , Reese Jill
Published: March 2017

This phenomenological case study describes the lived experiences of eleven university music majors participating in an iPad ensemble. The research was guided by the following question: What are their perceptions of their experiences using technology to create and perform music in an iPad ensemble? Participants were six music education majors and five music therapy majors. They met for seven weeks and concluded with a performance that included original compositions, improvisations and cover songs. Data included weekly written reflections and interviews with each participant. The essence of their experience was a sense of freedom from restrictions imposed by previous formal training and a feeling of empowerment developed through collective exploration and creativity in an autonomous environment free from judgement. Four themes support the essence: (1) informal and judgement-free context; (2) exploration, socially constructed knowledge and collaboration; (3) democracy, shared leadership and autonomy and (4) process and enjoyment.
Pursuing paradise: Jewish travel comics as feminist spiritual quests
Authors: Kahn Ariel
Published: March 2017

Although much has been written about the impact of Jewish culture and identity on comics and graphic novels, to date, no culturally specific hermeneutic has been used to expand our understanding of the relationship between Jewish comics and the cultural matrix in which they are formed. The relationship between Kabbballah and Literary criticism has been explored by Bloom, Handelman, Wolffson and others. However, once again, it has never been applied to comics, despite the deeply visual nature of Kabbalistic imagery and symbolism. I will utilize the celebrated Kabbalistic ‘travel’ narrative of the Four Sages who enter the Pardes, the Orchard, or Paradise, which will serve as a paradigm for analysing the work of four female autobiographical comics artists. In the Rabbinic tradition, PaRDeS became an acronym for four layers or levels of interpretation – Peshat, the literal meaning of a text, Remez, its symbolic structure, Drash, its relationship to other texts, and Sod, its mystical meaning. Each of the four sages represents a model of a particular approach, and the fate they meet acts as a critique of the potential reductiveness of that approach, if used exclusive of the others. I explore the work of four female artists who mediate between personal and collective quests for meaning in their work, focalized through their own experiences. All of these artists were featured in the touring exhibition Graphic Details, curated by Sarah Lightman and Michael Kaminer. Sarah Glidden and Miriam Libicki visit Israel as outsiders, and write from Diasporic perspectives; Glidden struggles with received ideology on a Zionist Birthright tour, while Libicki seeks to embed herself in the army, and pass as ‘fully Israeli’. Sztokman argues that ‘the “Israel” that Diaspora Jews prefer to usher into their identities remains a powerfully and singularly male construct’. In addition to deconstructing this masculine construct from a Diasporic perspective, the inclusion of work by Israeli artists Racheli Rottner, and Illana Zeffren, reflecting on their relationship to the Diasporic vision of faith and identity, provides more nuanced and alternative models of cultural critique and religious dialogue from Israeli perspectives. I seek to initiate a mutually enriching dialogue between Kabbalah and comics, interweaving a feminist interpretation of the Kabbalistic story with a Kabbalistic reading of these feminist comics, which celebrate the power of Jewish narrative, symbolism and hermeneutics in subtle and surprising ways.
Strategic environment and bank performance; (Empirical study of bank listed in Indonesian stock exchange period 2011-2015)
Authors: Nohong Mursalim
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to explain the interaction between macroeconomic and the internal environment with the performance of banks in Indonesia. The analysed data obtained from 10 banks for 5-year observation period by using descriptive and inferential analysis through PLS program. The results showed that the BI rate is the most significant indicator in measuring changes in the macro environment, the efficiency ratio indicators for internal environment variables and indicators ROA for the variable performance. Further analysis showed that changes in the macro environment do not significantly influence the efficiency and performance of the banking system. However, efficiency is measured by using a ratio BOPO significant effect on performance.
Snowball Effect of Interest Rate as a Control Instrument On Inflation Framework Targetingin Indonesia
Authors: Sriyono Sriyono
Published: March 2017

Afterthe monetary crisisthe government changes its monetary policy strategyby using a new paradigm that Inflation Targeting framework. This new paradigm has been confirmed in Law No.23 of 1999and UUNo3 of 2004as the basis forthe application of Inflation Targeting Framework inIndonesia The purpose ofthis studywas to determine whether interest rates only impact on inflation or even cause greater impact on other monetary variables. It is very important to knowthe impact,by knowing the impact it can avoid unwanted conditions Data of research is collected since 1970 to 2013, hypothesis testing is used econometric models. The main advantages of econometric models for being able to handle the mutual dependence (interdependence). Beside that econometric model is an invaluable tool for understanding the workings of the economic system and  so to test and evaluate policy alternatives andhypothesis testing using multiple regression. The result of this study showed that this study indicate the interest rate turns out not only as an instrument of control of Inflation Targeting Framework but cause a snowball effecton other monetary variables that further strengthen themechanismonInflationTargetingFramework
Structure Analysis and Diversity of Bacterial Community and their Resistance Determinants in a Nickel-Contaminated Soil in Southwest Slovakia
Authors: Remenár Matej , Karelová Edita , Harichová Jana , Kamlárová Anna , Krčová Kristína , Zámocký Marcel , Ferianc Peter
Published: March 2017

In this study we aimed to analyse the structure and diversity of overall bacterial community and its resistance determinants from nickel-contaminated soil in Slovakia by both, cultivation-dependent and independent approaches. The phylogeny was reconstructed using partial sequences of 16S rRNA (16S rDNA) and heavy-metal resistance genes from separated isolates and bacterial clones. A total of 518 bacterial sequences obtained from both, isolates and clones, represented 266 species belonging to 8 bacterial phyla: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria (α-, β- and γ-classes), Verrucomicrobia, and one yet unclassified group. In addition, among isolates and clones, 49 different nccA-like genes were found in the final output. Majority of them were assigned to a system of transmembrane metal pumps. Our results demonstrate the fact that the nickel-contaminated soil is able to present very specific heavy-metal resistant bacterial community which can be used in different bioremediation processes.
Response of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum) to Stress Induced by Sb(III)
Authors: Peško Matúš , Molnárová Marianna , Fargašová Agáta
Published: March 2017

Presented study evaluates effects of various Sb(III) concentrations on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivated hydroponically. Visual symptoms of antimony toxicity were observed only at two highest applied concentrations (50 and 100 mg/L). Dry weight of aboveground parts decreased significantly in variants treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/L Sb(III), by ~12, 35 and 65 %, respectively, in comparison to the control. Statistically significant decrease of chlorophyll a and b was observed only after application of two highest studied concentrations 50 and 100 mg/L Sb(III). On the other hand concentration of total carotenoids in leaves rose with increasing external Sb(III) concentration. High concentrations (50 and 100 mg/L) of Sb(III) in nutrient solution caused that protein content in leaves dropped by ~20 and 39% relative to control. Accumulation of antimony in roots was about 5- (10 mg/L) to 27-times (25 mg/L) greater than that in shoots. The highest BAF factor value determined for shoots was ~55 at 10 mg/L Sb(III) and for roots it was ~821 at 50 mg/L Sb(III). Translocation factor values were in whole studied concentration range 5 – 100 mg/L Sb(III) < 1. The most effective translocation of antimony from roots to shoots was observes for variants treated with 10 mg/L of Sb(III).
Enkratēs Phronimos
Authors: Callard Agnes
Published: March 2017

This paper challenges the widespread assumption that the strong-willed person, the enkratēs, cannot have Aristotle’s virtue of practical wisdom (phronēsis). It argues that the attribution of phronēsis to the enkratēs is needed to make sense of (1) Aristotle’s praise of both the rational and the irrational part of the enkratēs’ soul, (2) Aristotle’s conception of the weak-willed person (the akratēs) as ignorant and as lacking the particular premise, (3) Aristotle’s conception of phronēsis in Nicomachean Ethics
Effect of Biochar and Biochar Combined with N-Fertiliser on Soil Organic Carbon Content
Authors: Horák Ján , Šimanský Vladimír
Published: March 2017

An experiment of different application rates of biochar and biochar combined with nitrogen fertiliser was conducted at experimental field on a Haplic Luvisol located in Nitra region of Slovakia during the growing season of spring barley (2014). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and biochar combined with nitrogen fertilisation on the soil organic carbon (SOC). The treatments consisted of 0, 10 and 20 t/ha of biochar application (B0, B10 and B20) combined with 0, 40 and 80 kg/ha N of nitrogen fertiliser applied (N0, N40 and N80). The results showed that SOC content at the beginning and end of the trial was always higher at the plots amended with biochar as compared to control plots (B0N0, B0N40 and B0N80); however, statistically significant effects were observed only at the beginning of the trial as well as at the end of trial in B20N40 treatments. Overall, the highest values of SOC contents were obtained at the beginning as well as at the end of the trial when 10 and 20 t/ha of biochar was applied together with 40 kg/ha N.
Impacts of distiller’s dried grains with solubles as replacement of soybean meal plus vitamin E supplementation on production, egg quality and blood chemistry of laying hens
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , El-Hack Mohamed E. Abd , Arif Muhammad , El-Hindawy Mohamed M. , Attia Adel I. , Mahrose Khalid M. , Bashir Itrat , Siyal Farman A. , Arain Muhammad A. , Fazlani Sarfraz Ali , Hayat Khawar , Sun Chao , Noreldin Ahmed E.
Published: March 2017

The present investigation aimed to study the effect of the partial replacement of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) instead of soybean meal (SBM) with or without vitamin E supplementation in laying hen diet on egg quality criteria, egg analysis, blood chemistry and productive performance traits. A 4×2 factorial design experiment was carried out involving four substitution levels of DDGS (0, 25, 50 and 75%) and two levels of vitamin E (0 and 250 mg /kg diet) through 22-42 weeks of age. No significant differences were noticed between the control and 25 or 50% DDGS substitution in the percentage of eggs produced and egg output. The fewest number of produced eggs and the lightest egg output were observed in 75% DDGS group. Yolk index, shell percentage, and Haugh unit scores were affected (P>0.01) by DDGS levels. Albumin percentage showed increase (P>0.01) in vitamin E treated groups. The impact of the combination of DDGS and vitamin E was significant (P>0.01) on all egg quality traits excepting shell percentage. The 75% DDGS diet gave the highest values of egg nutrients. Vitamin E had a positive effect on egg crude protein, ether extract, and nitrogen free extract which increased by 10.39, 10.28 and 7.85%, respectively. The combination of vitamin E addition and DDGS levels was highly significant (P>0.01) on all egg nutrients. Hens fed the 50% DDGS diet had more concentrations of lipids profile in their blood than those fed control and other DDGS diets. All serum lipid profile inclined to increase due to vitamin E supplementation. The interaction between DDGS and vitamin E had significant (P>0.05 or 0.01) influence on all serum metabolites excepting calcium. It could be concluded that vitamin E could enhance nutrient content of eggs and preserve blood lipids from lipid peroxidation. The interaction between 75% DDGS replaced SBM with 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet accomplished the best results regarding nutrient content of eggs.
Overview of Prebiotics and Probiotics: Focus on Performance, Gut Health and Immunity – A Review
Authors: Adhikari Pratima Acharya , Kim Woo Kyun
Published: March 2017

Due to the threat and emergence of bacterial resistance against antibiotics, the use of in-feed antibiotics at therapeutic and subtherapeutic levels has been limited. Complete withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) has led to poor gut health signs in chickens that include conditions like wet litter, intestinal bacteria overgrowth, poor growth performance, malabsorption and various diseases. Two of the most common alternatives to AGP are prebiotics and probiotics. Both prebiotics and probiotics have become the potential feed additives that improve the gut health, immune system and microbiota by various mechanisms of action, and enhance growth performance of chickens. The review discusses the modes of action like antibacterial, competitive exclusion (CE), and immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics and probiotics, particularly in poultry.In ovofeeding of prebiotics and probiotics with promising effect on growth performance and reduction of pathogens likeSalmonellais also discussed in this review. However, it is necessary to conduct more research with prebiotics and probiotics as well as other feed additives to understand the detailed mechanisms of action and identify better alternatives for poultry production and health.
Longevity of Cows Depending on their First Lactation Yield and Herd Production Level
Authors: Sawa Anna , Bogucki Mariusz
Published: March 2017

The effect of first lactation yield and herd production level on longevity was studied using data from the SYMLEK database on 12045 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in 1371 farms from the active population in Pomerania and Kujawy. The cows first calved in 2008 and were used or disposed from the herds by the end of 2015. FREQ, GLM and CORR procedures from the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. The optimum level of first lactation milk from the viewpoint of longevity varies according to herd production level, which serves as a measure of the quality of rearing conditions. If the living conditions are not adapted to the high milk production of first calvers, there is a possibility that their productive life will be shortened and number of calvings decreased. The percentage of voluntary culling decisions by the breeder, which included the sale for further breeding, low milk yield and old age, averaged 9% and decreased with increasing herd production level from 16% to around 6%. The main reason for culling was infertility (around 40% on average). Culling due to infertility was particularly common among the cows which produced more than 11000 kg milk as first calvers.
The Effect of a Probiotic Containing Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134 on Redox and Biochemical Parameters in Chicken Blood
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Krauze Magdalena , Cholewińska Ewelina , Abramowicz Katarzyna
Published: March 2017

It was postulated that administration of a probiotic to chickens can stimulate their antioxidant status while at the same time inhibiting oxidation processes. The objective of the study was to determine whether and how different levels and durations of application of a probiotic preparation containing live cultures of Enterococcus faecium and enriched with cholecalciferol and ascorbic acid influences indicators of lipid status and the redox reaction in the blood of broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Ross 308 chickens were raised until their 42nd day of age. The animals were assigned to five experimental groups of 80 broilers each: a control group that did not receive the probiotic, T1 groups, which received the probiotic at 0.25 (E-0.25) or 0.1 g/l (E-0.1) throughout the rearing period, and T2 groups, which received the probiotic at the same levels, but during days 1–7, 15–21 and 29–35 of life. The probiotic preparation reduced the level of peroxides (LOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol (TC), low density (LDL) cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the activity of catalase (CAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), acid phosphatase (AC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), while ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels were increased in the blood plasma of the chickens. The results obtained indicate that administration of this probiotic to chickens, especially in the amount of 0.25 g/l for the entire rearing period, stimulates synthesis of low-molecular-weight antioxidants responsible for maintaining redox homeostasis, without exerting a negative effect on liver metabolism in chickens.
The Use of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Piglet Feeding – A Review
Authors: Hanczakowska Ewa
Published: March 2017

The group of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) comprises monocarboxylic fatty acids containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. These are: caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), capric (C10), and lauric (C12) acids. They can be partly absorbed already through the stomach mucosa. Their triacylglycerols (MCT) can be absorbed intact into intestinal epithelial enterocytes and then hydrolysed by microsomal lipases. Thus they are a readily available source of energy, capable of improving the intestinal epithelial mucosal structure. They are also characterised by strong antibacterial activity due to their ability to penetrate the semi-permeable membranes of bacteria and damage their internal structures. Thanks to these properties, they could be a good supplement to weaned piglet feed. They improve piglet performance and can be used as feed antibiotic replacers.
Determining the Galactic Bar Parameters Based on the Hercules and Wolf 630 Stellar Streams
Authors: Bajkova A. T. , Bobylev V. V.
Published: March 2017

We identified the four most significant features in the UV velocity distribution of solar neighborhood stars: H1, H2 and W1, W2 in the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams, respectively. We set the task of determining a number of characteristics of the central Galactic bar independently by analyzing each of the identified features under the assumption that the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams have a bar-induced dynamical nature. We solve the problem by constructing 2 : 1 resonant orbits in the rotating bar frame for each star in these streams. Our analysis of the resonant orbits found has shown that the bar pattern speed Ωb lies within the range 45–52 km s−1 kpc−1 with a mean of 48.1±1.0 km s−1 kpc−1, while the bar angle θ
b is within the range 35° – 65° with a mean of 50 ± 4°. The results obtained are consistent with the view that the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams could be formed by a single mechanism associated with the fact that a long-term influence of the Galactic bar led to a characteristic bimodal splitting of the UV velocity plane.
Hidden Population of Algols
Authors: Malkov O. , Kovaleva D. , Yungelson L. , Avvakumova E. , Chulkov D. , Dluzhnevskaya O. , Kniazev A.
Published: March 2017

We present the results of Monte Carlo simulation aiming to estimate the frequency of semi-detached Algol-type binaries among the stars observed as single. When an account is taken of various detection biases (mostly due to inclination of orbits), the fraction of Algols among the Galactic disk stars appears to be 0.1–0.2%. However, this number should be regarded as a lower limit only, since there are still unaccounted-for selection effects and other types of photometrically unresolved binaries. Hidden binarity appears to be an important phenomenon that should be taken into account when considering stellar statistics and constructing the fundamental relations between stellar parameters.
Observational Data and Orbits of the Asteroids Discovered at the Molėtai Observatory in 2008–2009
Authors: Černis K. , Wlodarczyk I. , Zdanavičius J.
Published: March 2017

We present the statistics of the asteroids observed and discovered at the Molėtai Observatory, Lithuania, in 2008–2009 within the project for astrometric observations of the near-Earth objects (NEOs), the main belt asteroids and comets. CCD observations of the asteroids were obtained with the 35/51-cm Maksutov-type meniscus telescope. In the Minor Planet Circulars and the Minor Planet Electronic Circulars (2008–2009), 11 900 astrometric positions of 2522 asteroids were published. Among them 95 were new asteroids, including four belonging to the Trojan group: (352655) 2008QX28, 2008 SE8, (353194) 2009 SM100 and (264068) 2009 SQ148. For the asteroids discovered at Molėtai their precise orbits are calculated. Because of short observational arc, a few asteroids have low-precision orbits and some asteroids are considered lost. For the three Main Belt asteroids with low-precision orbital elements, 2008 QP32, 2008 SD8 and 2008 SG150, we present their ephemerides for 2017. They can be brighter than 20 mag.
Information Acquisition and Disclosure of Environmental Risk
Authors: Sengupta Aditi
Published: March 2017

Firms often invest resources in acquiring scientific evidence to evaluate the actual (more accurate) risk (i.e., the probability of occurrence) of any potential environmental hazards that might result from their own production processes and use this information in taking optimal preventive measures. In a symmetric duopoly where the acquired information about environmental risk is observed privately by the firms, I show that requiring firms to publicly report this information increases the strategic incentive of firms to invest in information acquisition. However, the net expected environmental damage of an investing firm is lower if there is no public disclosure.