bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN EVALUATION OF A CONSTRAINED MULTI-OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: ALIOUI Youssef , ACAR Reşat
Published: May 2020

Real world optimization problems involve multiple conflicting objectives (such as minimizing cost while maximizing the quality of a product) and are subject to constraints (such as physical feasibility or budget limitations) which makes them interesting to solve. Over the last decades, evolutionary algorithms have been largely used in solving optimization problems in various fields of science. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a constrained version of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 (NSGA 2), a multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm, written in MATLAB. The developed NSGA 2 is compared, in terms of convergence and diversity of the obtained solutions, to a number of popular constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms from the literature. Widely used four benchmark problems (including CONSTR, OSY, SRN, and TNK problems) with varying difficulty and type of constraints are reviewed and used. The NSGA 2 obtained the lowest values of inverse generational distance (IGD) values for almost all the problems. These results show that the developed constrained NSGA 2 is an effective technique and is competitive to the other optimization methods in the literature.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON PROJECTED PV POWER POTENTIAL UNDER RCP 8.5 SCENARIO IN BURUNDI
Authors: Niyongendako Marc , Lawin Agnidé Emmanuel , Manirakiza Célestin , Bazyomo Serge Dimitri Yikwé Buri , Lamboni Batablinlè
Published: May 2020

This work focuses on analysis of climate change effects on Photovoltaic (PV) power output in the Eastern and Northeastern of Burundi. Monthly temperature data from meteorological stations and solar irradiance data provided by SoDa database were considered as observed dataset for the historical period 1981-2010. Projection climate data from eight Regional Climate Models of CORDEX for Africa were used over the near future period 2021-2050. The change in temperature and solar irradiance were analyzed and the effects of these climate changes were assessed to show their impacts on PV power potential. The results indicated increasing trends and change in temperature for about 2°C over this near future period. The solar irradiance change was revealed negative with a high interannual variation for all regions and the mean decrease ranges between 2 and 4 W/m². The findings revealed also a negative change in PV power potential close to zero for all regions with a high change occurred in NLL. Indeed, the contribution of each parameter to PV power potential change was negative all over regions. However, the projected climate change does not predict a huge PV power potential change by 2050. Therefore, Burundi may invest in producing electricity energy from PV systems.
Manajemen gulma di Kebun Kelapa Sawit Bangun Bandar: Analisis Vegetasi dan Seedbank Gulma
Authors: Tantra Aditya Wira , Santosa Edi
Published: May 2020

Manajemen gulma di kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu kegiatan penting yang menentukan keberhasilan produksi sawit. Kegiatan magang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana manajemen pengendalian gulma dilaksanakan dan aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhinya. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di kebun Bangun Bandar, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Februari- Juni 2015. Secara khusus, keragaan gulma pada berbagai umur tanaman dan simpanan biji gulma (seedbank) merupakan aspek khusus yang dikaji. Secara umum, kegiatan pengendalian gulma di kebun telah dilaksanakan dengan baik dan dikendalikan pada level di bawah ambang ekonomi. Dari analisis vegetasi diketahui bahwa dari 39 jenis gulma yang ada, empat jenis gulma yakni Ottochloa nodosa, Paspalum conjugatum, Muccuna Bracteata, dan Cyperus killingia merupakan gulma paling dominan dengan nilai SDR di atas 10%. Terdapat variasi seedbank antara lahan TBM, TM muda dan TM tua. Pada areal TBM densitas simpanan biji gulmanya lebih tinggi (584 individu/m2) dibandingkan dengan areal TM muda (204 individu/m2) dan TM tua (47 individu/m2). Seedbank terbanyak diperoleh 0-10 cm. Secara keseluruhan, seedbank yang berhasil tumbuh: daun lebar (199 individu/m2), rumput (74 individu/m2), paku-pakuan (0 individu/m2), dan teki (562 individu/m2).
Manajemen Panen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Adolina, Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Lubis Rio Elvandari , Lontoh Adolf Pieter
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan magang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan pemahaman dalam pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Adolina. Dalam pelaksanaan magang, manajemen panen dalam kegiatan panen kelapa sawit diutamakan untuk diamati dan dipelajari. Pengamatan dalam manajemen panen terdiri atas: rotasi panen, kerapatan panen, taksasi produksi harian, kebutuhan tenaga panen, kriteria matang panen, kapasitas pemanen, mutu buah dan pengangkutan buah ke pabrik kelapa sawit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan rata-rata, persentase dan standar deviasi (statistik deskriptif) serta uji t-student (komparasi). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa manajemen panen kelapa sawit di Kebun Adolina perlu ditingkatkan. Hal ini karena kapasitas pemanen yang lebih rendah dari standar perusahaan dan tingginya persentase produksi buah yang tidak bermutu. Rendahnya kapasitas  pemanen  berpengaruh  terhadap  perhitungan  kebutuhan  tenaga  panen  dan  terganggunya  rotasi panen. Rotasi panen yang terganggu berpengaruh terhadap tingginya persentase produksi buah yang tidak bermutu. Kebun Adolina telah melaksanakan taksasi kerapatan panen yang cukup akurat terhadap kerapatan panen realisasi. Keakuratan taksasi kerapatan panen terhadap kerapatan panen realisasi berpengaruh terhadap keakuratan taksasi produksi harian serta perhitungan kebutuhan tenaga panen dan angkutan panen.
Manajemen Pemupukan Kelapa Sawit di Sungai Bahaur Estate, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Nunyai Aslina Putri , Zaman Sofyan , Yahya Sudirman
Published: May 2020

Kebutuhan minyak nabati yang terus meningkat menyebabkan perlu adanya peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas minyak nabati dunia. Elaeis guineensis Jacq. merupakan tanaman jenis palma penghasil minyak nabati terbanyak didunia. Kelapa sawit yang tumbuh optimal akan menghasilkan tandan buah yang segar dan minyak yang berkualitas. Budidaya yang tepat mempengaruhi hasil tandan buah segar (TBS) dan salah satu budidaya yang penting adalah pemupukan. Tujuan dilaksanakan kegiatan magang adalah untuk mempelajari kegiatan pengelolaan kebun mulai dari perawatan hingga panen yang dilakukan selama 4 bulan. Metode pelaksanaan magang terdiri dari aspek teknis dan manajerial. Aspek khusus pengamatan manajemen pemupukan konsep 4 tepat pemupukan (4T) yaitu tepat jenis, dosis, waktu, cara, dan tempat. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa konsep tepat waktu belum terlaksana dengan baik dan masih perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan kualitas tenaga kerja serta fasilitas yang lebih baik agar pelaksanaan pemupukan efektif dan efisien.
Manajemen Pemanenan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Gunung Pamela, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Habib Husein , Lontoh Adolf Pieter
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan penelitian memberikan ilmu, keterampilan dan pengalaman tambahan dalam aspek teknis budidaya kelapa sawit maupun manajerial dalam mengkoordinasikan karyawan. Kegiatan berlangsung dari bulan Februari hingga Juni 2013 di kebun Gunung Pamela Sumatera Utara. Pengamatan diuji menggunakan analasis data statistika yaitu korelasi dan uji t-student. Rotasi panen, angka kerapatan panen, manejemen tenaga kerja, dan pengawasan panen merupakan aspek penting dalam kegiatan panen. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, nilai akp estimasi dengan realisasi tidak berbeda nyata, hasil korelasi terhadap kualitas pemanen yang dinilai berdasarkan umur pemanen, lama kerja, dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap output pemanen (jumlah tandan) menunjukkan sifat yang tidak nyata, lemah, dan searah kecuali tingkat pendidikan yang bersifat berlawanan arah. Hasil uji t-student terhadap lama kerja menunjukkan bahwa lama kerja pemanen tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap output yang dihasilkan. Umur pemanen yang kurang dari 30 tahun dan lebih dari 30 tahun menurut hasil uji-t ternyata berpengaruh tidak nyata pula terhadap output yang dihasilkan pemanen. Produktivitas kelapa sawit di kebun Gunung Pamela belum sesuai dengan standar marihat.
Manajemen Pemanenan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Serawak Damai
Authors: Perdana Anggita , Lontoh Adolf Pieter , Purnamawati Heni
Published: May 2020

Magang ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Serawak Damai (SDME) dari Maret sampai Juni 2014. Kegiatan magang ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan teknis lapangan, meningkatkan kemampuan manajerial di perkebunan kelapa sawit, serta meningkatkan kemampuan dalam memahami budidaya lapangan produksi secara nyata terutama dalam pemanenan hasil. Kegiatan pemanenan meliputi pemotongan buah di lapangan produksi hingga pengiriman seluruh buah ke pabrik untuk diproses. Kualitas buah hasil panen, mutu hancak, sistem transportasi buah dan kemampuan panen karyawan harian pada Divisi tiga SDME diamati dengan pengambilan contoh data. Data hasil produksi dan produktivitas panen kelapa sawit dianalisis dengan uji t - student, sedangkan transportasi buah dan kemampuan panen karyawan harian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Divisi tiga SDME memiliki produksi bulanan yang tinggi dengan pencapaian rata - rata 128 % terhadap budget produksi. Kemampuan panen rata - rata tenaga kerja sebesar 2.8 ha HK-1. Transportasi buah sering mengalami keterlambat akibat variasi waktu yang dibutuhkan unit untuk memuat buah dan antri di pabrik tidak konsisten.
Estimating the weighted prevalence of anxiety disorders in breast cancer patients using a Two-stage approach
Authors: Fatiregun Olamijulo A , Ogunnubi Oluseun Peter , Fatiregun Omolara A , Oyatokun Bolutife O , Oni Osunwale Dahunsi , Erinfolami Adebayo R , Adeyemi Joseph D
Published: May 2020

Background: A two-stage survey is useful when the actual diagnostic interview is time-consuming and expensive to administer on the general population. Objective: To compare Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in the determination of the prevalence of anxiety disorder in patients with breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 200 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer attending the Oncology Out-Patients Clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria was done. The instruments used for the survey included a socio-demographic questionnaire, the HADS and the SCAN. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 49.6 ± 11.2 years. Majority of the subjects (76.5%) were married. Using HADS with a threshold score of ≥ 8, 53 (26.5%) met the criteria for probable anxiety disorders (herein called ‘cases’). Of the 68 patients (all 53 ‘cases’ plus 15 randomly selected 10% of the non-cases) interviewed with the SCAN instrument, only 38 met the criteria for diagnosis of anxiety disorder. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety disorders can be determined with greater precision using the two-stage design approach. Diagnostic tools like SCAN should therefore be incorporated in the assessment protocols for patients with breast cancer and other illnesses.
Noonan Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Fahad , Waqar Sumaita , Jamal Noor Ul Ain , Saleem Asra
Published: May 2020

The clinical findings and treatment options of cardiovascular abnormalities in a 20-year old male patient with Noonan syndrome are described with literature review. The classical clinical features of Noonan syndrome which were identified included short stature, abnormalities of ear and eye, low posterior hair line, cubitus valgus and webbed neck. The major cardiovascular abnormalities included pulmonary valvular stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A comparison with Leopard syndrome is made and the overlapping features between the two rare genetic disorders are discussed.
Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2: A Report of Three Cases in South-west Nigeria
Authors: Betiku Anthony O. , Akinola Moses A. , Jagun Omodele O. , Oluyemi Olukayode Y. , Salami Omotayo F.
Published: May 2020

This report is about ocular and audiometric findings in three children with Waardenburg syndrome Type 2 attending Special Education Centres in Nigeria. Two female children and a male child aged 10, 13 and 5 years respectively had ocular examination and audiometric evaluation using inter-acoustics eclipse ASSR (Serial number 0933518) for auditory steady-state response audiometry (ASSR). The ocular features included bilateral hypoplastic blue irides and bilateral hypopigmented fundi while ASSR showed severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The three children had mutism hence they used sign languages for communication. There is a need for early detection of this condition, health education and planned rehabilitation.
Comparative effects of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding HIV/AIDS among hospital orderlies in two Tertiary Hospitals
Authors: Ekundayo Adeola A. , Alausa Olaonipekun K. , Amoran Olorunfemi E. , Adekunle Motunrayo O.
Published: May 2020

Background: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) pandemic is a major challenge that health care workers are faced with because of increased risk of infection. Despite the high risk of HIV infection among nursing assistants, less attention is currently paid to training this cadre of hospital staff to reduce the risk of infection. Objective:  To assess the effect of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice about HIV/AIDS among hospital orderlies in two tertiary facilities in Ogun State, South-west, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental, non-randomized, controlled group design which was conducted in three phases; a pre-intervention evaluation, immediate post-intervention evaluation and another evaluation three months post-intervention. Hospital orderlies were recruited (108 from the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu (OOUTH) as intervention group and 112 orderlies from the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Abeokuta as controls). Results: Significant increase in the knowledge, attitude and practice of the intervention group determined by percentage score was recorded immediately after the training. In the control group, there was a decline in the attitudinal score but an insignificant increase in the knowledge and practice of HIV prevention. Three months post-intervention, further increase in the knowledge score and attitudinal score in the intervention group respectively compared to the pre-test scores ( 83.3% vs. 99.1% and 94.4% vs. 96.3%) were recorded. Conclusion: The study showed good knowledge of HIV and AIDS which further improved after the educational intervention. Therefore, the need for continuous training for the hospital orderlies is germane.
Pattern of completion of Laboratory Request Forms in a tertiary health facility
Authors: Oyelekan Abimbola A. , Ojo Omotola T. , Olawale Olatunbosun O. , Adeleye Olufunke O. , Sogebi Olusola A. , Osinupebi Olubunmi A. , Olatunji Philip O.
Published: May 2020

Background: Laboratory request form is an important means of interaction between clinicians and laboratory service providers. The omission of information on the request form may result in laboratory errors which may have a negative impact on patients’ outcome. Objective: To assess the pattern of completion of laboratory request forms in a tertiary facility. Methods: Two thousand, two hundred and forty-one laboratory request forms sent to the laboratory over a period of two months were assessed for their level of completeness.  Results: Out of 2241 laboratory request forms, only 5 (0.2%) was fully completed. The most complete information on the forms included types of investigation required (98.9%), the gender of the patient (97.8%), the identity of consultant-in-charge of the patient (95.3%) and the referring physician's name and signature (93.8%). The least provided information was the time of collection of the specimen (0.7%). Conclusion: This study shows that laboratory request forms are frequently incompletely and inadequately completed. Continuous medical education of clinicians on the need for adequate completion of request forms is required.
Pattern of childhood morbidities and outcome of childhood admissions in a Nigerian public secondary healthcare facility
Authors: Oninla Samuel O. , Fadugbagbe Akinyemi O. , Oninla Olumayowa A. , Oninla Olumayowa A. , Otetubi Olayinka A. , Otetubi Olayinka A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Patterns of morbidity and mortality in hospital populations are indicative of community health needs and can be useful in planning improved medical services. Objectives: To determine the morbidity, mortality and outcome patterns, and the average duration of hospital stay of admitted children in the public secondary healthcare facility. Methods: Available hospital records of children aged one month to 15years, admitted during a one year period (October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2011) were reviewed for relevant data such as age, gender, final diagnosis, outcomes and dates of admissions and discharges. Results: Of the 1,266 records reviewed, 57.6% children were males, 42.4% females (Z= -10.9458; p=0.0001) and 82.5% were aged under-five years. Infections accounted for 81.6% of the morbidities, with malaria (39.2%), gastroenteritis (15.2%), pneumonia (10.9%), severe anaemia (4.2%) and septicaemia (3.0%) being the top five conditions. The duration of admission ranged from less than 24hours to 30 days, with a mean of 3.2 (2.8) days. Nine hundred and ninety-eight (78.8%) children were discharged while 64 (5.1%) died; 85.9% of the deaths occurred among under-five children. Thirty-four (6.3%) out of 537 females and 30 (4.1%) out 729 males died (Z= 7.7374; p= 0.0001). The top three causes of mortality included malaria 26.6%, septicaemia 12.5% and pneumonia 10.9%. Fifty out of 59 deaths (84.7%) occurred within 72 hours and 7 (11.9%) in<24hours of admission. Conclusions: Male children were more vulnerable to diseases while mortality was significantly higher among females. Infections dominated the causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in the public secondary healthcare facility, with under-five children bearing the brunt.
Serum Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate among children with pneumonia
Authors: Adegoke Oluwakemi Tolu , Elusiyan Jerome Boluwatife , Owa Joshua Aderinsola , Obiajunwa Perpetua Okwuchi , Adedeji Tewogbade Adeoye , Phillips Abimbola Samuel
Published: May 2020

Background: Vitamin D is partly responsible for maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis but has been shown to have immune modulatory functions. Objective: To measure serum levels of vitamin D, and plasma levels of calcium and phosphate in children with pneumonia and compare with those of apparently healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving seventy-six children with pneumonia, matched with 76 apparently healthy controls. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum vitamin D levels between the cases and the controls (t = 1.190, p = 0.236). The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly higher in children with non-severe pneumonia than in those with severe pneumonia (t = 3.299, p = .002). The mean serum vitamin D level was higher among the controls than those with severe pneumonia (t = 2.674, p = 0.009). The mean plasma calcium and phosphate levels in the controls were significantly higher than in the cases (t = 2.528, p = .013 and t = 4.594, p < .001 respectively). Plasma calcium and phosphate levels did not vary with the severity of pneumonia. Pneumonia was independently associated with the occurrence of hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia (OR = 4.366, 95% CI = 1.851-10.295, p = 0.001; OR = 7.355, 95% CI = 1.545-35.027, p = 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: Children with severe pneumonia had lower levels of vitamin D than those with the non-severe disease. Derangements in plasma levels of calcium and phosphate are common in children with pneumonia, and these abnormalities occur independently of low vitamin D levels.
Prevalence, pattern and determinants of urine abnormalities among school pupils in a semi-urban community
Authors: Alaje Abiodun Kofoworola , Runsewe-Abiodun Tamra , Olawale Olatunbosun Oladipupo
Published: May 2020

Background: Dipstick urinalysis is a semi-quantitative examination of the urine, which can be utilized as a screening and diagnostic tool in children. It is rapid, sensitive, easy to perform and affordable for the resource-poor environment. Objectives: To describe the pattern of urinalysis findings using urinary dipsticks and the determinants of urine abnormality among pupils in primary schools in a semi-urban area. Methods: Apparently healthy 387 pupils were recruited from 10 public and 5 private primary schools in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria using multi-stage and proportionate sampling techniques. Data on demography, nutritional status and urinary examination were obtained using Interviewer-administered questionnaires, clinical examination and dipstick urinalysis respectively. Results: Dipstick urinalysis revealed the following; urine pH and specific gravity were normal in 98.2% and 100.0% of the pupils respectively. Protein, leukocyte esterase, nitrite, bilirubin, urobilinogen, blood and ketones were detected in 18.1%, 15.8%, 14.2%, 3.3%, 2.1%, 0.8%, and 0.5% respectively. Glucose and ascorbic acid were generally absent in the urine samples. Female gender significantly contributed to the pattern of urinalysis (leukocyte esterase and nitrites). Proteinuria was most frequent among the underweight (38/70; 54.3%). Urine abnormalities were more prevalent among pupils in public schools compared with private schools though not statistically significant, and not influenced by gender. Conclusion: Asymptomatic proteinuria and urinary tract infection are not uncommon among children. Female gender and socio-economic status play a role in the incidence of the conditions.
Blood cellular markers of inflammation in Breast Cancer and response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Ayoade Babatunde Adeteru , Salami Babatunde Abayomi , Oritogun Kolawole Sunday , Ojo Omotola Toyin , Ebili Henry Okuchukwu , Fatungase Oluwabunmi Motunrayo
Published: May 2020

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in Nigeria. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the first line treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. The advancement of many cancers is accompanied by inflammation, and inflammatory cells play an essential role in the progression. Objective: To determine if haematological parameters can predict the responsiveness of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy regime. Method: A prospective cohort study of all breast cancer patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy between July 2017 and December 2018 was carried out. Haematological parameters of red cell count (RCC), white cell count(WCC), neutrophil count (NC), lymphocyte count (LC), platelet count (PC), red cell distribution width (RCDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured. Response to chemotherapy was assessed by measuring the longest diameter of the lump and largest lymph node and applying the UICC criteria. Results: Thirty-five females with breast cancer with the age range of 33-82 years and mean age of 48 ± 11 years were studied. The overall clinical response rate was 80% consisting of 40% complete clinical response, 40% partial clinical response, 8.6% stable disease and 11.4% progressive disease. Eleven (78.6%) with PLR values below average had good clinical response while 21.4% of those with PLR value above average had a good clinical response (χ2 = 8.4, p = 0.006) Conclusion:  The study showed that PLR is associated with complete clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and should be used as part of routine assessment before chemotherapy.
The spectrum of thyroid disorders at the Endocrine Clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, South-west, Nigeria
Authors: Ale Ayo , Aloro Opeyemi Bamise , Adepoju Ayanbola , Odusan Olatunde
Published: May 2020

Background: Thyroid disorders constitute the second most common endocrine disorders worldwide, but they are less commonly researched in this environment due to low cost-effectiveness. Objective: To study the spectrum of thyroid disorders at the Endocrinology Clinic of a tertiary health facility in Sagamu, South-west, Nigeria, over two years. Method: This retrospective study was conducted on all new clinic attendees with thyroid disorders between January 2016 and December 2017. The data retrieved included clinical data, results of thyroid function tests and thyroid ultrasonographic scan. The patients were grouped clinically into euthyroid, hypothyroid and thyrotoxic states. Results: A total of 93 thyroid cases were seen, and this constituted 13.64% of all new endocrine consultations (682 patients). The mean age (±SD; range) of the patients was 37.6 (13.6; 15-78) years. Majority of the patients were females with a female-to-male ratio of 4.5:1. Out of these, 77.4% had Goitrous enlargement. Thyrotoxicosis was the most common form of thyroid dysfunction, (72; 77.40%), mainly due to hyperthyroidism from Graves’ disease (50; 69.44%), followed by toxic multinodular goitre (12; 16.67%), toxic solitary nodular goiter (5; 6.94%) and others (5; 6.95 %). Hypothyroidism constituted 10.75% while euthyroid goitre constituted 11.85% of all thyroid cases. Conclusion: Auto-immune thyroid disease remains the most common thyroid disorder among endocrine clinic attendees. There is a need for further studies to elucidate the likely aetiologies.
Surgical management of gynaecomastia: Experience from a tertiary health facility in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Salami BA , Ayoade BA , Adekoya AO , Odusan O , Fatungase OM
Published: May 2020

Background: Gynaecomastia is the benign enlargement of the male breast as a result of glandular proliferation, usually resulting in feminine appearance. The treatment is usually surgical for cosmetic reasons.

Objective: To describe the local experience with the surgical treatment of gynaecomastia by conventional subcutaneous mastectomy.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of all cases of gynaecomastia seen at the surgical out-patient department of the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, covering the period from January 2009 to October 2019.The data obtained included age, duration of symptoms, treatment, postoperative complications and type of anaesthesia.

Results: A total of twenty-three cases were seen. The mean age was 26.4±17.5 years with an age range of 15 to 84years. The mean duration of symptoms was 2.9±3.6 years. About 70% of the cases were aged less than 21years. Twenty-one patients (91.3%) had a subcutaneous mastectomy, and local anaesthesia was deployed for the procedure in 16 (76.2%) cases. Two patients (9.5%) developed postoperative haematoma while one patient developed severe keloid at the surgical site.

Conclusion: Subcutaneous mastectomy for gynaecomastia can be safely done under local anaesthesia and it gives a good cosmetic effect with minimal postoperative complications.
ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENCE OF PENSION INSURANCE AND ITS PLACE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Aleskerova Yuliia , Sакоvska Olena , Didenko Yuliia
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to deepen the analysis of theoretical and practical foundations of pension insurance for rural population, to substantiate its further reform and development. Theoretical aspects of pension insurance have been analyzed according to different scientific opinions of both the Ukrainian and foreign scientists, according to which pension insurance is considered a difficult category, and the diversity of its interpretation means that it has not been fully disclosed yet and remains the subject of research. Method. In most countries of the world, the same problems of the pension system as in our country have arisen. But thanks to pension reform, they have achieved successful results. Each country chose its own way of building a pension system based on its own demographic and socio-economic characteristics. However, despite this, the main task of any pension system is to protect against poverty and to provide a pension that can guarantee a decent standard of living for a pensioner. It is proved that to carry out effective pension protection policy in the country it is necessary to continue to study the essence of the concept of "pension insurance", as well as it is important and urgent to find ways to improve the reliability and effectiveness of mechanisms for ensuring the implementation of social guarantees in the pension insurance system. It is noted that insurance came about when humanity realized the danger that the environment hides. With regard to pension insurance, its formation took place in the context of the development of the entire insurance system. Results. The Ukrainian scholars in the field of pensions, exploring the nature and concept of pension insurance at the current stage of development, have determined that pension insurance is based on two important principles: the principle of solidarity and the principle of personal responsibility, also scientists focus on the principles put forward by the works on social protection of the population by the International Labour Organization, which are defined in the adopted Conventions of this organization. Value/originality. Analyzing the theoretical nature of pension insurance, one can determine that the essence of the social nature of pension insurance lies in the social protection of persons who have reached retirement age due to disability or loss of a breadwinner, pension insurance provides social security with minimal social security, approved by the International Labour Organization for the payment of pensions. Retirement insurance is also considered to be a complex category, and its diversity of treatment means that it is has not fully disclosed yet and remains a subject of study.
A Survey of Predicting Heart Disease
Authors: Preethi M , Selvakumar J
Published: May 2020

This paper describes various methods of data mining, big data and machine learning models for predicting the heart disease. Data mining and machine learning plays an important role in building an important model for medical system to predict heart disease or cardiovascular disease. Medical experts can help the patients by detecting the cardiovascular disease before occurring. Now-a-days heart disease is one of the most significant causes of fatality. The prediction of heart disease is a critical challenge in the clinical area. But time to time, several techniques are discovered to predict the heart disease in data mining. In this survey paper, many techniques were described for predicting the heart disease.
Pengaruh Ketimpangan Pendapatan Suami Istri terhadap Tingginya Kasus Cerai Gugat Di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1B Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Dewi Arlinta Prasetian , Setiawan Budi
Published: May 2020

Ponorogo is a city that has a high rate of divorce cases. From the divorce cases, the majority of submissions come from female workers who work as migrant workers, the implication is that the wife has a far greater income than her husband giving rise to a shift in the role of husband and wife which also results in a shift in rights and obligations. Although Islam allows a wife to work (in the context of helping her husband), it is expected that the husband and wife have considered together the good and bad consequences that may arise from the decision. Income gap or income inequality between husband and wife if not interpreted wisely can have an impact on the disharmony of the relationship between the two can even reach the stage of divorce. This research will explain an analyze the effect of income inequality between husbnad and wife on the high cases of divorce in Ponorogo. For that, researcher will examine this income inequality in the view of the sociology of Islamic law in the Ponorogo community in particular and driving factors the rise of female workers in Ponorogo and things that arise when the wife’s income is greater than her husband. The paradigm of this research is used a qualitative paradigm with emphasis on case studies in teh field. The result of the research stated that income inequality where the wife has a greater income than the husband is not a main problem in divorce cases, but there are other factors as a trigger such as the inability of the husband in managing finances, the wife’s takings is only for consumptive activities and even tends to spree, the interference from the husband’s family, especially in financial matters, lack of understanding of religion, and infidelity. This hiigh financial ability of the wife ultimately makes the wife dare to sue for divorce of her husband.
Kedewasaan Wanita dalam Pemikiran Hukum tentang Posisi Wali dalam Akad Pernikahan (Kajian al-Fiqh ‘ala al-Madhahib al-Arba’ah)
Authors: Hadziq Hisbulloh
Published: May 2020

This article studies the opinion of fuqaha on the role of guardians in marriage. Some scholar consider it as an obligation, while others do not argue that it should be in marriage. And what is the relationship between the guardian with the readiness/maturity of the bride candidate.Although the marriage was only performed by both brides, but to start with it, the involvement of others is required, such as guardians.This article is a literal study where data is obtained through the exploration of the classical books in four popular madhhabs.These datas are then analyzed using acomparative approach.The results concluded that the existence of the guardian is closely related to the maturity of the prospective bride to establish a marriage.
Development of Testing Standardization Regulation of the OLT XG-PON Equipments to Support Broadband Access in Indonesia
Authors: Nashiruddin Muhammad Imam , Solihah Nomarhinta
Published: May 2020

This study aims to provide a reference to the technical specifications of the Optical Line Termination (OLT) XG-PON equipment for improving standardization regulations (Perdirjen Postel No. 257 of 2008). The technical specifications tested in this study are the nominal rate capability, wavelength range, and jumbo frame of the OLT XG-PON equipment. The research acquired a reference to the nominal rate using FEC is 8.5 Gbps downstream direction, and 2.5 Gbps upstream direction, upstream wavelength range is 1260-1280 nm and downstream is 1575-1581 nm, and jumbo frame capability is 2000 Bytes.
Лиофилизация живых вакцин (обзор)
Authors: Комиссаров А. , Бибиков Д. , Волох О. , Бадарин С. , Синицына Н. , Костылева Н. , Германчук В. , Никифоров А.
Published: May 2020

Представлен обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященный вопросам лиофилизации живых вакцин. Проанализированы данные о качественном и количественном составе вспомогательных веществ (сред высушивания), используемых при лиофилизации вакцин. Даны сведения об этапах лиофилизации и рассмотрены их особенности. Проанализировано воздействие процесса герметизации первичной упаковки непосредственно в камере лиофилизатора на качество препаратов. Дано представление о вспомогательных веществах, используемых при сублимационном высушивании. На ряде примеров показано влияние технологических параметров процесса лиофилизации на качество препаратов.
Разработка высокоэффективной технологии очистки рекомбинантного тканевого активатора плазминогена
Authors: Чащинова Д. , Шамонов Н. , Вассарайс Р. , Кудлай Д.
Published: May 2020

В данной работе нами представлен новый высокоэффективный способ очистки рекомбинантного тканевого активатора плазминогена (рТАП). Получаемый препарат рТАП соответствует требованиям европейской фармакопеи.
Синтез диметилфумарата этерификацией фумаровой кислоты метанолом
Authors: Марынова М. , Яхкинд М.
Published: May 2020

Изучен синтез диметилфумарата этерификацией фумаровой кислоты метанолом с использованием концентрированной серной кислоты в качестве катализатора. Найдены оптимальные условия для синтеза диметилфумарата: катализатор — серная кислота 8,4 % от фумаровой; соотношение метанол: фумаровая кислота — 4,1:1 по массе; состав промывных жидкостей для осадка диметилфумарата — дистиллированная вода и 1 % раствор карбоната натрия. Соблюдение этих условий обеспечивает выход диметилфумарата около 81 % от теоретического. Изучение кинетики процесса показало, что продолжительность процесса 3 ч является достаточной при оптимальной загрузке серной кислоты, а при уменьшении этой загрузки в 4 раза продолжительность процесса возрастает до 6 ч.
Влияние сроков сбора сырья на элементный состав Convallaria majalis L.
Authors: Турусова Е. , Насакин О. , Лыщиков А. , Александрова Л.
Published: May 2020

Методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии исследован элементный состав сырья Convallaria majalis L. В период цветения наблюдается кумуляция в растительном сырье (данные по траве) соединений As, Pb, Ni, Mn, Zn, а сравнение содержания микроэлементов в почве и цветах Convallaria majalis L. выявило наличие физиологического барьера для соединений Fe и Cr. Сдвиг сроков заготовки сырья на более ранние сроки (фаза формирования первой пары листьев) позволяет избежать избыточного поступления ксенобиотиков в организм потребителя.
Nigella sativa L. as a Potential Phytotherapy for COVID-19: A Mini-Review of In-silico Studies
Authors: Koshak Abdulrahman E. , Koshak Emad A.
Published: May 2020

Coronaviruses are responsible for several human diseases such as the pandemic infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). So far, there is no effective approved antiviral agent for SARS-CoV-2. Natural products, such as Nigella sativa (NS), provide a wealth of known antiviral compounds. This mini literature review was aimed to explore any published or preprint in-silico data on the binding affinity of NS compounds to SARS-CoV-2 targets. At least eight in-silico studies have shown that some compounds of NS, including Nigelledine, α- Hederin, Hederagenin, Thymohydroquinone, Thymoquinone, had high to moderate affinity with SARS-CoV-2 enzymes and proteins. These compounds might potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and attachment to host cell receptors. These preliminary data proposes NS as a potential phytotherapy candidate in clinical trials for COVID-19.
PERANGKAT LUNAK (SOFTWARE)
Authors: Harahap Sahriani
Published: May 2020

Perangkat Lunak adalah istilah umum untuk data yang diformat dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain, bagian sistem komputer yang tidak terwujud. Istilah ini menonjolkan perbedaan dengan perangkat keras komputer. Perangkat lunak adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang di simpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau intruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat Lunak Komputer merupakan sebuah program komputer yang menjembatani pengguna komputer dan perangkat keras yang digunakannya.
perangkat lunak
Authors: sidabutar Safariah astuti br
Published: May 2020

Pengertian software komputer adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Software atau perangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, akan tetapi kita dapat mengoperasikannya.Dalam menjalankan sebuah komputer kita perlu memahami dan menguasai apa itu software atau perangkat lunak serta bagaimana cara mengoprasikannya agar sebuah komputer dapat bekerja maksimal dalam membantu tugas manusia.Kata kunci : Perangkat lunak, komputer.
Administrasi Tata Usaha
Authors: Gusmar Ratih Aulia
Published: May 2020

Education is one of the determinants of a country's progress. If the education is good, then the possibility of the nation to advance is also great. However, if the education is not good, then the nation is also difficult to advance. With good education, it is expected that the citizens of a country have more ability and have more dignified morals and have a broader perspective in dealing with problems or differences that occur in their lives. Educational administration is an overall process and joint activities that must be carried out by all parties who have a stake in educational tasks. Administration is part of the entire administrative process, in the form of all mechanisms that can help, expedite, increase activity and efficiency of the administrative process by providing all necessary data and information, so that the administration runs smoothly.
Perangkat lunak
Authors: Adipati Fauziah
Published: May 2020

Perangkat Lunak adalah kumpulan beberapa perintah yang dieksekusi oleh mesin komputer dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya. perangkat lunak ini merupakan catatan bagi mesin komputer untuk menyimpan perintah, maupun dokumen serta arsip lainnya. Perangkat Lunak merupakan data elektronik yang disimpan sedemikian rupa oleh komputer itu sendiri, data yang disimpan ini dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan dijalankan oleh perintah, maupun catatan-catatan  yang diperlukan oleh  komputer untuk menjalankan perintah yang  dijalankannya. Untuk mencapai keinginannya tersebut dirancanglah suatu susunan logika, logika yang disusun ini diolah melalui perangkat lunak, yang disebut juga dengan program beserta data-data yang diolahnya. Pengeloahan pada software ini melibatkan beberapa hal, diantaranya adalah sistem operasi, program, dan data. Software ini mengatur sedemikian rupa sehingga logika yang ada dapat dimengerti oleh mesin komputer.
Understanding the possible origin and genotyping of first Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 strain
Authors: Alam A. S. M. Rubayet Ul , Islam M. Rafiul , Rahman M. Shaminur , Islam Ovinu Kibria , Hossain M. Anwar
Published: May 2020

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes the unfathomable pandemic in the history of humankind. Bangladesh is also a victim of this critical situation. To investigate the genomic features of the pathogen, the first complete genome of the virus has very recently been published. Therefore, the long awaiting questions regarding the possible origin and typing of the strain(s) can now be answered. Here, we endeavor to mainly discuss the published reports or online-accessed data (results) regarding those issues and presented a comprehensive picture of the typing of the virus alongside the probable origin of the sub-clade containing Bangladeshi strain. Our observation suggested that this strain might have originated from the United Kingdom (UK) or other European countries epidemiologically linked to the UK. According to different genotyping classification schemes, this strain belongs to A2a clade under G major clade, is of B and/or L type, and is a SARS-CoV-2a sub-strain. The complete genome data will surely increase in the forwarding days in Bangladesh. However, a mass regional sequencing approach targeting the partial or complete genome can link the epidemiological data and may help in further clinical interventions.
Perangkat Lunak Komputer
Authors: Rafiela TKarina
Published: May 2020

Komputer tidak akan lepas dari perangkat lunak karena merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dari komputer itu sendiri. Perangkat lunak adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau intruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Contoh : Windows, Ms. Office, dll.
Kepemimpinan Pendidikan
Authors: Gusmar Ratih Aulia
Published: May 2020

Education is a major factor in the formation of the human person. Education is very instrumental in shaping the good or bad of the human person according to normative measures. Schools as an organization, in which elements are collected individually, both individually and in groups make the same working relationship to achieve goals. The elements in question are none other than human resources consisting of the principal, teachers, staff, students or students, and students' parents. Leadership has been described as the completion of work through people or groups and the manager's performance will depend on his ability as a manager. This means being able to influence people or groups to achieve the desired results and be determined together. Leadership is the process of influencing individual activities or group to achieve certain goals in certain situations. In influencing individual activities to achieve certain goals, a leader uses power, authority, influence, character and characteristics, and the aim is to increase productivity and group morality.
PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER
Authors: AMINA NUR
Published: May 2020

Nama lain dari Software adalah perangkat lunak. Karena disebut juga sebagai perangkat lunak, maka sifatnya pun berbeda dengan hardware atau perangkat keras, jika perangkat keras adalah komponen yang nyata yang dapat diliat dan disentuh oleh secara langsung manusia, maka software atau Perangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, software memang tidak tampak secara fisik dan tidak berwujud benda namun bisa untuk dioperasikan. Pengertian Software komputer adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Melalui sofware atau perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat lunak merupakan adalah istilah khusus untuk data yang diformat, dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca, dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain, bagian sistem komputer yang tidak berwujud. Istilah ini menonjolkan perbedaan dengan perangkat keras komputer
PERANGKAT LUNAK ( SOFTWARE)
Authors: Harahap Sahriani
Published: May 2020

Perangkat Lunak adalah istilah umum untuk data yang diformat dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain, bagian sistem komputer yang tidak terwujud. Istilah ini menonjolkan perbedaan dengan perangkat keras komputer. Perangkat lunak adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang di simpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau intruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat Lunak Komputer merupakan sebuah program komputer yang menjembatani pengguna komputer dan perangkat keras yang digunakannya.
perangkat lunak komputer
Authors: Febrina Mita Dwi
Published: May 2020

Perangkat Lunak (Software) adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau intruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat Lunak adalah istilah umum untuk data yang diformat dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain, bagian sistem komputer yang tidak terwujud.
قياس وتحليل التنويع الاقتصادي في العراق خلال المدة (2004-2016)
Authors: فرج ماردين محسوم
Published: May 2020

تهدف هذه البحث إلى قياس وتحليل التنويع الاقتصادي في العراق خلال المدة(2004-2016)، ومن خلال هذه البحث تم قياس التنويع الاقتصادي للناتج المحلي الإجمالي والتجارة الخارجية إعتماداً على معامل هيرفندال-هيرشمان. من النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها، يتبين ان اقتصاد العراقي حقق خلال الفترة (2004-2016) بعض أهدافه في تنويع الناتج المحلي الإجمالي، فقد إنخفضت نسبة إسهام التعدين والمقالع في تكوين الناتج المحلي الإجمالي من(80%) عام (2004) إلى(29.8%) عام (2016) . وإرتفعت إسهام القطاعات غير النفطية في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي من (20%) عام(2004) الى (71%)عام (2016). قيمة معامل هيرفندال للناتج المحلي الاجمالي إنخفضت من(0.7) عام(2004) إلى(0.14) عام(2016)، مما يدل على ارتفاع درجة التنويع الاقتصادي في النشاطات الإنتاجية.تعاني التجارة الخارجية في العراق من اختلال هيكلي كبير. إذ يتمثل هذا الاختلال في سيطرة النفط الخام بوصفها مادة أولية على أكثر من (98%) من صادراته، تطور قيمة معامل هيرفندال للتنويع الصادرات التي انخفضت قيمته من (0.994) سنة(2004) إلى(0.992)سنة (2016) ومما يدل على إن النمو في الصادرات العراقية لا يعكس سوى وهم اقتصادي ناجم عن الارتفاعات في أسعار النفط بالدرجة الأساسية والنمو الطفيف في الإنتاج النفطي والصادرات النفطية العينية، بالمقابل تناقصت قيمة معامل هيرفندال للاستيرادات فقد تناقصت نسبته من (0.25) سنة(2004) تدريجياً الى (0.20) سنة (2016).