bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proficient bilingualism may alleviate some executive function difficulties in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Nadig Aparna , Gonzalez-Barrero Ana Maria
Published: June 2019

A bilingual advantage, or enhanced performance on executive function (EF) tasks, has been identified in typically-developing bilingual children relative to monolinguals. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) demonstrate significant EF difficulties in comparison to typically-developing peers. Perhaps bilingualism could alleviate EF impairments in ASD? We review our lab’s findings from bilingual vs. monolingual school-age children with ASD, and those with typical development, on both performance tasks and parent ratings of EF application in daily life. We present the first evidence of a bilingual advantage in ASD on EF performance tasks (verbal fluency and dimensional change card sort), but not parent ratings. The implications of these preliminary findings for future research and clinical practice with children with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders are discussed.
Idiom understanding competence of Spanish children with Specific Language Impairment and Pragmatic Language Impairment
Authors: Andrés-Roqueta Clara , Clemente Rosa Ana
Published: June 2019

Children with pragmatic language impairment (PLI) have problems understanding idioms. However, whether similar difficulties are present in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), and which cognitive and linguistic factors are implied, is still not fully addressed. In this chapter the competence to understand idioms in Spanish children with SLI and PLI is compared to a typically developing group, using a verbal and a visual condition. Visual idioms challenged both children with SLI and PLI, but verbal indioms only challenged children with PLI. Also, their performance was related to their grammar and pragmatics skills, but not to the vocabulary ones. However, only children with PLI improved their competence on the visual condition. Practical implications for diagnosing and designing interventions are discussed.
Real-time comprehension of sentences in children with SLI
Authors: Andreu Llorenç , Ahufinger Nadia , Ferinu Laura , Pacheco Fernanda , Colomé Roser , Sanz-Torrent Mònica
Published: June 2019

Verbs play an essential role in enabling sentences to be interpreted rapidly in real time. The objective of this work is to investigate how verb information is used during real-time comprehension of sentences in Spanish. Twenty-five children (aged 5.3–8.2 years) with specific language impairment (SLI), fifty typically developing children (aged 3.3–8.2 years), and thirty-one normal adults participated in three eye-tracking experiments involving spoken language comprehension. Participants listened to simple sentences in the presence of four depicted objects, only one of which satisfied the semantic restrictions of the verb. Eye movements revealed that children with SLI were able to recognize and retrieve the meaning of the verb rapidly enough to anticipate the upcoming semantically appropriate referent.
Emotion recognition skills in children with hearing loss
Authors: Sidera Francesc , Serrat Elisabet , Amadó Anna , Morgan Gary
Published: June 2019

Previous studies have found a deficit in emotion recognition skills in children with hearing loss linked to their linguistic development. Our aim is to explore how different linguistic-communicative skills influence the capacity to recognise emotions from faces, at different developmental points, in children with and without hearing loss. We administered language measures and a task of emotion recognition (ER) to 166 children (75 with hearing loss). Results show that ER was linked to various linguistic-communicative skills in children with hearing loss, whereas fewer connections existed in hearing children. As these relations varied with age, we discuss how the importance of the different linguistic and communicative skills for ER varies throughout development and as a function of hearing status.
Executive functions and eye fixations in children with Cochlear Implant
Authors: Díaz María Fernanda Lara , Rivera Carolina , Rodriguez Silvia Raquel
Published: June 2019

This study is meant to describe the executive functions (EFs) and eye fixation in a group of 13 children with Cochlear Implants (CI) and their controls with the purpose to establish the relationship between the mentioned skills and language. Children with CI showed a significantly lower performance and need more time in tasks of inhibition, mental flexibility, and working memory. Children with CI have different visual fixation patterns in which they tend to stare longer in peripheral areas, which might explain a less effective executive functioning. These findings coincide with the general domain of hearing theory, which states that hearing loss can affect other cognitive domains that are not related with auditory input and has implications for different sensorial systems.
A Combined Finite-Element-Finite-Volume Method for Thermal Arc Numerical Simulation
Authors: Abdo Youssef , Rohani Vandad , Cauneau François , Fulcheri Laurent
Published: June 2019

Most of the numerical methods used for thermal arc simulation, are often based either on finite volume or finite element approaches but very seldom on both of them. In this paper, we present a new combined finite-element finite-volume method for stationary and unsteady cases. The flow, energy and species equations are solved using a classical finite-volume (FV) method which is conservative and bears a robust physical meaning. The electromagnetic equations (EM) are solved using finite-element (FE) analysis which has the ability to easily deal with their mathematical formulation without transforming the equations or doing any extra manipulation. We propose two separate approaches for the FE-method: one that is only suitable for a steady-state scheme and another that could be applicable for both steady and unsteady cases. Some illustrative numerical examples are also presented in this paper.
Modelling of the plasma parameters of an arc discharge with sputtered composite metal-graphite anode
Authors: Fedoseev A.V. , Demin N.A. , Sakhapov S.Z. , Zaikovskii A.V. , Smovzh D.V.
Published: June 2019

A global integral model of an arc discharge in helium with sputtered composite metal-graphite anode is presented. The arcing time was measured experimentally for different elements and mass fractions of the metal additions to the graphite anode. The obtained calculated results for pure graphite anode show a good agreement with the experimental and calculated data of other authors. In particular, a good correspondence between the absolute values of electron density and temperature, the discharge voltage and the anode ablation rate as a function of the discharge current was shown. The obtained in the work experimental and calculated data have qualitative agreement, i.e. the anode erosion velocity increases with the addition of Zr, and decreases with the addition of Al.
H2020 NanoDome Project: A Unified Approach for Gas-Phase Nanoparticles Synthesis Modelling
Authors: Strappaveccia F. , Galleni F. , Ghedini E.
Published: June 2019

This article presents a unified physical mathematical approach to the modelling nanoparticles dynamic used by the Authors as a foundation to develop a software framework for modelling entities and phenomena occurring at mesoscopic length scale in a generic Gas-Phase (GP) nanoparticle synthesis processes (e.g. plasma, hot-wall and flame reactors) and using Gas-Phase parameters extracted from CFD simulation (linking process). The model considers nanoparticles motion, agglomeration and sintering phenomena and is aimed to provide detailed information about nanoparticles fractal dimension and composition, together with species concentration, consumption rates and particles size distribution. We provide a detailed description of the data structures, the numerical methods and the algorithms adopted to implement the simulation software based on this model.
The implementation of a profit-sharing system between beef cattle farmers and the Maiwa Breeding Centre in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sirajuddin S N , Hastang  , Lestari V S , Rosmawaty
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research was to understand the characteristics of the farmers who join the profit-sharing system. This research used observation and interview method and the population was the farmers who joined the sharing system with MBC. This research was conducted from March to April 2018 in the Maiwa Sub-district; Enrekang Regency. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics with frequency distribution and income analysis. A total of 44 beef cattle farmers who had a profit-sharing system with MBC and were located in Maiwa Subdistrict, Enrekang Regency were used as the research sample. The research was descriptive, analysing primary and secondary data, qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the age of the farmers who joined the system was in the productive age (95%), predominantly male (95%), most of them had graduated from junior high school (45.5%), had 5-6 dependent people in household (47.7%). The income earned in the 6-month maintenance period was more preferred by the farmers than the income in the 12-month maintenance period.
Analysis of probability value of risk and its influence on agribusiness of citrus cultivators (case: Parbuluan IV Village, Parbuluan Subdistrict, Dairi District)
Authors: Supriana T , Putri S R , Sihombing L
Published: June 2019

The production and price of citruses in the Parbuluan IV Village were very fluctuating. The citrus production has dropped dramatically from 2014 until 2016. From the productions and price, it is known that there is a probability of risk in this area. The purpose of this study was to analyse the types of risks faced by citrus agribusiness actors and analyse the value of risk probability and its effect on citrus agribusiness actors in Parbuluan IV Village. The method to determine the research area used was the purposive sampling method so that the research was conducted in Parbuluan Village IV. Parbuluan Village IV was chosen because the productivity of citrus was decreasing in recent years and the price selling of citruses at the farmers level had not comparable with the price selling of citrus at the consumers level. The results showed that the risks faced by agribusiness actors consist of internal risks and external risks. The probability value of production risk of 57.14% means that the chance of risk to occur is high and the probability value of price risk of 46.02% means that the chance of risk to occur is low.
Is irrigated farm more efficient than non-irrigated no-tillage farm and non-irrigated conventional farm for a sample of Kansas corn farmer?
Authors: Wibowo R P
Published: June 2019

The corn farmer has benefited from high corn price. However, the corn price falls from its high price in 2012 to as low as $ 4.46 per bushel in 2013. The drop in corn price and intense competition from the global grain markets make farms that are non-efficient struggle economically. Pure technical, overall, allocative and scale efficiency were measured to analyze the competitiveness of a sample of Kansas corn farmers. Farmers increased their relative efficiency during drought in 2012. Government payment was found to be negatively correlated with efficiency for non-irrigated farms. Interest expenditure might have negative impact on input allocation for irrigated and non-irrigated conventional farms. Irrigated farms should focus on increasing acreage land to increase overall efficiency. On the other hand, non-irrigated conventional farm should focus their effort to enhance overall efficiency by increasing seed inputs.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for In-field Conservation Practices by Irrigated Farm
Authors: Wibowo R P
Published: June 2019

Irrigated farmer is less adaptable to conservation practice. Total precipitation has positive significant impact on adoption of terrace conservation practices both in Bivariate and Univariate Probit model. Farmer who buys insurance is found to be less likely to adopt the terrace conservation practice. The temperature from May to July is still favourable for corn growth which causes not significant impact on temperature to conservation practice adaptation.
The Effect of Capital Expenditure and Gross Fixed Capital Formation on Income Disparity in West Coast Region of North Sumatera
Authors: Purba B , Masbar R , Maipita I , Jamal A
Published: June 2019

This study purposes to determine the effect of capital expenditure and gross fixed capital formation on income disparity among districts/cities in West Coast Region in North Sumatera-Indonesia. Analysis of economic development disparity was calculated by Williamson’s Index. The research method was carried out using panel data regression. The result of this research that used annual data for 2012-2016 are: (1) the average of disparity in economic development included in the extremely low category, (2) the capital expenditure variable and gross fixed capital formation variable have significant positive effects on income disparity of the West Coast Region of North Sumatera.
Indonesian tuna position in the international market
Authors: Khaliqi M , Pane T C , Fatoni R B M I
Published: June 2019

The potential of Indonesia fishery has been utilized well by Indonesia although not managed optimally. The contribution of fisheries to GDP Indonesia of the year 2010-2013 experienced a positive trend means fisheries Indonesia has the potential to be further developed next year. Every year, the competition of fresh tuna fish commodities in the world market continues to increase because that need for research on the competitiveness of Indonesian tuna on world markets. This study used secondary data taken from international trade center by using 6 HS commodity tuna of HS 0302031-HS0302036. The analysis used in this research is the analysis of RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantages) and the CMSA (Constant Market Share). The RCA result showed that there were three commodity tuna with competitiveness comparative namely HS 0302032, 0302033 and 0302034. Each type of commodity the tuna fish has a market share almost the same relative is Japan. This represents Japanese are the target market after regulations in the European Union market. Results of the estimation CMSA describes the effects of the most dominant influence on Indonesian tuna exports in the world market is the competitiveness effect.
A rating-curve method for determining debit for dry season in micro-scale watersheds
Authors: Susanto E , Hatta N , Sumono
Published: June 2019

A rating curve discharge are equations which are functions of water level surface with river debit. This equation is needed to determine the river debit if the known data is only the water level surface. There are several methods that could be used to determine the equation including linear, exponential, logarithmic, polynomial of second degree and power-law method. The purpose of this study was to obtain the rating curve equation of relationship between the river water level surface with the debit at the research location. From the research results obtained that the most suitable equation was the second degree polynomial equation, namely: Q = 49.761H2-13.663H + 1.5112 due to its satisfying R2 = 0.818, r = 0.905 and NS = 0.995.
Potency and strategy of cattle development based on feed resources in Tanjungbalai North Sumatera Regency
Authors: Muslim  , Tafsin M , Umar S
Published: June 2019

This research was carried out in Tanjungbalai North Sumatera Regency in two stages for three months. Stages I aims to identify and analyse the potential of feed resources for the development of beef cattle in Tanjungbalai regency. The method in this research is Survey. Data collection using purposive sampling method. The results showed that the feed resource potential in Tanjungbalai City came from forage between plants (coconut, oil palm), forage on rice fields, agricultural crop waste and agricultural / agricultural industry waste processing with a total feed production of 41,028,554 Kg DM / year and could accommodate 14,987 AU. Phase II aims to formulate a beef resource-based business development strategy in the regency of Tanjungbalai. Data was obtained from the Phase I studies and FGD method and then carried out a SWOT Analysis. General description of beef cattle development strategy is located in quadrant I, namely in areas that are strength and have opportunities. The strategy adopted is an aggressive growth policy (SO Strategy), namely: Build a beef cattle feed processing industry by utilizing feed resources, raw material industry, geographical location and government support.
Physical, chemical and in vitro digestibility quality of oil palm midrib fermented by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Desnamrina K C , Tafsin M , Hanafi N D
Published: June 2019

Oil palm midrib has potential to be used as ruminant feed, but fermented treatment is needed to increase their nutritional value. The study consisted of 2 phases of research. The first phase aims to find out the effect of oil palm midrib fermented by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on the physical and chemical qualities of feed, while the second phase to find out the effect on invitro digestibility. The design of the first stage used the factorial completely randomized design. On the second phase the design used the completely randomized design. The first phase showed significant effect (P <0.05) on the physical and chemical quality. The best of incubation time was 15 days and the best dose was 106 CFU/g. The second phase showed significant effect (P <0.05) on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The best result of second phase is P3 treatment that used Phanerochaete chrysosporium + Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation. It is concluded the use of Phanerochaete chrysosporium + Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation can improve physical and chemical properties and increase the digestibility of oil palm midrib.
Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of Aceh Beef and brahman cross beef in cold temperature storage of 4°C
Authors: Firdaus M , Hasnudi  , Rusmalirin H
Published: June 2019

Meat is a source of the essential protein and the other nutrients which are needed by human. This study aimed to determine the effect of physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of Aceh beef and Brahman Cross beef on 4°C storage temperature in different storage time. This study used a completely randomized design, consisted of two factors namely the beef type (S), including the Aceh beef and the Brahman Cross beef, and the storage time in 4°C temperature (A), which consisted of four levels of time i.e. 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Result showed that Brahman Cross beef had a better physicochemical and organoleptic character quality than the Aceh beef meat.
Layer interaction adsorption isotherms model of mango seed as biosorbent in reducing free fatty acid and peroxyde value in crude palm oil refining
Authors: Pandia S , Setiawan A , Sanjaya N , Haryanto B
Published: June 2019

The activated mango seed was used to reduce FFA (Free Fatty Acid) and PV (Peroxyde Value) content in CPO (Crude Palm Oil). This study was begun with biosorbent modification. With size 140 mesh, 1% biosorbent of CPO with 35 minutes contact time, and shaking speed 200 rpm shown that the FFA and PV reduction percentage were 28.97% and 51,6%. The surface layer interaction model results follow Freundlich isotherm. The R2 of kinetics equation model results are 0.9879 on FFA adsorption and 0.9923 on PV adsorption. This model involves the assumption that the pore surface of the biosorbent is different or heterogeneous. The Freundlich Isotherm model is also based on the assumption that there is a pore size distribution on the adsorbent and is applicable to more than one surface layer (multilayer) adsorbed by biosorbent. The ability of activated mango seed to adsorb more organic compound shows its potential as an alternative for bleaching earth substitute.
Model distribution of poisonous plants as conservation biopesticides sources in Batang Gadis National Park, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatera
Authors: Afifuddin Y , Patana P , Rangkuti J , Pulungan P , Lubis S
Published: June 2019

Poisonous plant species diversity in Indonesia have not been explored as a potential source of biopesticides. Batang Gadis National Park (BGNP) as one of the biodiversity of poisonous plants need to be explored. The study aimedwas the identification of poisonous plants, analysis of diversity, Shannon index-Wienner modeling on various heights and locations poisonous plants, and phytochemical analysis to determine the content of alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, saponins and tannins.The identification results obtained 14 species of poisonous plants with 10-12 species in different levels (understory, seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees).Analysis vegetation results obtained were Ayu Ara, Ayu Otang, Dongdong, and Supi which dominates all levels of plants. Modelling is obtained Model Vapor Pressure for lower plants, Sinusoidal Model fit for seedlings, saplings and poles, as well as to the Hoerl Model for Tree. The content dominant on poisonous plants in BGNP predominantly of terpene content except for Tabar-Tabar (Costus speciosus Sm.) which containing flavonoids and tannins. Potential of poisonous plants as biopesticides were species of Dong-dong (Laportea stumulans Gaud), Langge (Homalonema propinqua Ridl), Modang / Modang Londir (Persea rimosa), and Sitarak (Macaranga gigantea). While the species with the highest sources were Latong (Litsea leefeana) and Dong-dong (Laportea stumulans Gaud).
The diversity of tree species as feed sources of Sumatran orangutan in Bukit Lawang of Gunung Leuser National Park
Authors: Onrizal O , Auliah N L
Published: June 2019

Sumatran orangutan (SOU) or Pongo abelii lives semi-solitary and arboreal as well as frugivorous which the main feeding sources are fruits. Bukit Lawang Forests (BLF) as part of Gunung Leuser National Park is a habitat of SOU as well as popular ecotourism destination in Northern Sumatra. This study aimed to assess the diversity of tree species as feed sources of SOU and to identify the part of the SOU feed trees that eaten by SOU. Vegetation analysis with combination of line and quadrat method was used. There were 181 tree species within plot samples that 81.8% of them or 148 species were recorded as feed sources of SOU. Fruits were recorded as main part of tree species (65%) that eaten by SOU. The most fruit consumed by SOU was from the family of Moraceae and Clusiaceae. This result showed that the BLF has rich tree species as SOU feed sources and the feed sources trees of SOU should be priority in restoration activities both in degraded and corridor areas.
Soil respiration and microbial population in tropical peat under oil palm plantation
Authors: Batubara S F , Agus F , Rauf A , Elfiati D
Published: June 2019

Peatland clearance and drainage result in the change of anaerobic to aerobic condition and hence microbial activities that increase CO2 emission. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of microbial respiration and microbial population from sapric and hemic peat under oil palm plantation. Research activities included measurement of soil respiration using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to capture the respired CO2, and counting the population of microbes. Results of this study showed that the highest rate of respiration of 3.3 ± 0.8 mg CO2 100 g−1 day−1 occurred from the 0-20 cm layer and it decreased to 2.1 ± 1.0 mg CO2 100 g−1 day−1 from the 20-40 cm layer and 1.2 ± 0.9 mg CO2 100 g−1 day−1 from the 40-60 cm layer in sapric peat. For the hemic peat the highest rate of respiration of 3.1 ± 0.4 mg CO2 100 g−1 day−1 occurred from the 0-20 cm layer and it decreased to 2.0 ± 0.7 mg CO2 100 g−1 day−1 from the 20-40 cm layer. Soil respiration decreased with peat depth and bacteria were the most dominant microbes in each peat depth, indicating that bacteria play a more important role in respiration than other microbes.
The utilization of nutmeg seed (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract as an antimicrobial on tempeh sausage
Authors: Panggabean K A , Rusmarilin H , Suryanto D
Published: June 2019

Nutmeg seed is an herb containing antimicrobial compounds and can be applied as an antimicrobial on foodstuffs. This study was aimed to know antimicrobial compounds of nutmeg seed extracting in water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Assay on the extract to inhibit pathogenic microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus) was conducted using dilution method. Phytochemical test was conducted to know the extract compounds. Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) test was measured to know minimum concentration of the extract to be applied in tempeh sausage. The results showed that nutmeg seed extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins and phenolics. Methanol extract was shown to have higher inhibition to the tested microbes compared to the other extracts. Minimum Inhibitor concentration (MIC) occurred at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25% of nutmeg seed extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nutmeg seed extract added on the tempeh sausage was able to reduce total microbial cell up to 5 days of storage compared to that of the control, i.e. 561x104 CFU/g for control, 61x104 CFU/g for 0,1% nutmeg seed extract and 54x104 CFU/g for 0,25% nutmeg seed extract.
Modified cassava flour (MOCAF) content of cassava (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ) in North Sumatera
Authors: Kardhinata E H , Purba E , Suryanto D , Rusmarilin H
Published: June 2019

Research on Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) content in three cassava genotypes has been carried out at Laboratorium Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluh Pertanian, Jl. Binjai Km 10 Medan in November 2014. The research objective was to determine the MOCAF yield produced based on cassava genotypes in North Sumatra. Two genotypes and one variety of cassava were used as samples, Adira-1 (V1) variety, Malaysia (V2) and Merah/Gondoruwo (V3) genotypes. Fermentation using BIMO-CF starter with 24 hours soaking time. The results showed that MOCAF yield of three genotypes/varieties ranged from 33-38%. The highest yield was found in Malaysia genotype, followed by Merah/Gondoruwo and Adira-1, respectively 38%, 35% and 33%.
Glycerolysis-interesterification of chicken-palm stearin blend: effect of solvent and chicken stearin to palm stearin ratio
Authors: Sari D A , Ningsih D S , Nusantoro B P , Setyaningsih W , Hidayat C
Published: June 2019

Both glycerolysis and the interesterification reactions take place in one reaction system. The objectives of this research were to obtain chicken stearin and to evaluate the effect of solvent to fat ratios and chicken stearin to palm stearin ratios on total mono-acylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) of product by the chemical glycerolysis-interesterification (GIE). GIE was initiated by adding NaOH to the reactant. Structured Lipids were evaluated based on acylglycerol composition and melting behavior. Results show that the yield of chicken stearin was 13%. The highest total MAG and DAG was obtained at the stearin: solvent ratio 1:3 (w/v). An increase in chicken fat stearin to palm stearin caused a slight increase in the total MAG and DAG. However, it didn’t have a significant increase in the total MAG and DAG. The best ratio of palm stearin to chicken stearin was 40:60 because slip melting point and melting point were 36.16 ± 4.9°C and 37.59 ± 5.96°C. Thus, the best condition was obtained at the ratio of stearin to solvent 1: 3 (w/v), temperature 50°C, oil to glycerol ratio 1:5, 300 rpm and NaOH 3%. The reaction was performed for 2 h. Total MAG and DAG was 67.87 ± 1.97%.
Effect of pre-treatment in the production of purple-fleshed sweet potato flour on cookies quality
Authors: Ulfa Z , Julianti E , Nurminah M
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research was to observe the effect of pre-treatment in the production of purple-fleshed sweet potato flour on cookies quality. There were four kinds of pre-treatment method (soaking in 2000 ppm sodium metabisulphite for 15 minutes, soaking in 2000 ppm sodium metabisulphite solution for 15 minutes followed by steam blanching for 5 minutes, steam blanching for 5 minutes and without pre-treatment as control). Data collected was analysed by using non factorial block design with 3 replicates. The results showed that the pre-treatment had highly significant effect on the colour, bulk density, moisture content and anthocyanin content of flour. The pre-treatment on flour processing had significant effect on cookies colour, volume expansion, hardness, moisture content, anthocyanin content, but had no significant effect on hedonic value of colour, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptability of cookies. In conclusion, the best pre-treatment was soaking in 2000 ppm sodium metabisulphite solution for 15 minutes.
Biodiversity flora and fauna in tropical tidal lake
Authors: Leidonald R , Lesmana I , Muhtadi A , Desrita
Published: June 2019

Tidal lakes are unique lakes because of the fluctuations of the water in the lake are influenced by the sea tides. Therefore, Tidal lakes are also called brackish lakes or salty lakes. Thus, the organisms that live in the lake must be able to adapt to the dynamics of brackish water changes. Therefore, the study of the biodiversity of flora and fauna is interesting to study related to organisms that are able to live and adapt to dynamic environments. This research was carried out in Siombak Lake, Medan City, North Sumatra Province from June to July 2018. The data collected were organisms in the form of flora (mangroves and aquatic plants) and fauna (ictiofauna or nekton which were fish, shrimp, crab, and mollusca). The results of research in the Siombak Lake ecosystem found 7 species of mangroves, 5 species of coastal plants, and 2 species of aquatic plant. Fauna found were 14 species of fish, 7 species of gastropods, and 1 species of bivalve, 1 species of shrimp and 1 species of crab.
Exploration and identification of aren plant (Arengapinnatamerr) in district of South Tapanuli
Authors: Khairiyah M , Harahap P
Published: June 2019

The purpose of research is to know the diversity of accession of sugar Arenga in South Tapanuli Regency and to classify the population drilling to get the high production. Eighty accessions of Arenga populations from four sub districts have been identified according to IPGRI. The results show that formation of 4 targeted clusters that cluster 1 is a collection of accession Arenga with phenotypic character more suitable in producing fruit from female groups. While cluster 3 is a group accession Arenga, the appropriate phenotypes character will produce nira (raw material of Arenga sugar) from male flowers.
Identification of the Morphophysiological Characteristics of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Based on Altitude
Authors: Setiawan A , Rosmayati  , Rahmawati N
Published: June 2019

The study of the morph physiological characteristics of cassava is considered important for understanding the actual condition of local food resources. This research was conducted at Serdang Bedagai Regency from April - May 2018. Area of sampling decided was for each district was chose 1 Sub district, each Sub district was taken 3 villages and 3 farmers for each village. The objective of this study was to determine the type, kinship and physiological relationship of the distribution of cassava plasma (Manihot esculenta Crantz) based on altitude. The genotype types of cassava that have been found include White Klanting (S1), Red Klanting (S2), Jakarta (S3), Malaysia (S4), Gundoruwo (S5), Gundoruwo Hitam (S6), Thailand (S7), Yellow Potatoes (S8), and Adira (S9). The lowest euclidean values was showed on S1 and S6 with 10.084. In the dendogram there was two main parts, namely part 1 and 2 kinship with 25% dissimilarity scale. The highest water content was showed on Jakarta genotype with 66.22%, the highest glucose level was showed on Red Klanting genotype with 24.43%, the highest starch content was showed on Red Klanting genotype with 21.99% and the highest total chlorophyll was showed on Yellow Potatoes genotype with 88.25940 mg/g.
Rattan root morphology under different inorganic nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Bangkele L I , Basir-cyio M , Tjoa A , Tellu A T
Published: June 2019

Input such as fertilizer highly affects the root response, and can change the root morphology and architecture, which will have an impact on the nutrient uptake and biomass production. This research investigates changes in root architecture and morphology, nitrogen uptake and biomass production of the Noko rattan seed in the treatment of inorganic (N) fertilizers from different sources fertilization (N-Urea (CO (NH2)2), and N-ZA ((NH4) 2.SO4)), and different application method. The research results showed that treatment without N+P fertilizer (control treatment) led to more intensive root growth, which was shown in dry biomass of root, higher amount of root branches and root hairs compared to N-urea or N-ZA fertilization. N-Urea fertilization affects the root hairs of rattan becomes shorter and finer, decreases the dry weight of the roots, but increases the roots surfaces compared to the roots in the control treatment an d N-ZA fertilization. Localized (in hole) fertilization causes root physiological stress and change the root architecture, causing a decrease in N uptake but otherwise increase the P uptake, but the biomass production is lower than the homogeneous fertilization.
Sequence approach of Elaeis guineensis for early detection of Ganoderma boninense resistance
Authors: Hayati R , Basyuni M
Published: June 2019

This study purposed to describe the product of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing of DNA from Elaeis guineensis root for Ganoderma boninense resistance in PT Socfin Indonesia. Based on PCR amplification a total of 18 sampling were detected, the percentage of positive results for G. boninense resistance was only 20%. The degree of sequence identity between DNA sequence known to be verified by the Blastx probability identity, E-value and total score. Only 11A genes that are available in GenBank and 15A and 16A gene found no similarity in the database of NCBI, therefore considered as new genes for probably G. boninense tolerance or resistance. The 11A gene showed the highest identity (98%) to predicted metallothionein like-protein with E-value 3e-19 and total scored 104. Metallothionein protein actives role in oil palm plants for resistance to G. boninense.
The effect of giving electric field to the metabolism of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) seeds which contributes to accelerating germination
Authors: Panggabean S E , Kamson W , Simanjuntak A P , Rahmawati N
Published: June 2019

Andaliman is a typical plant in Sumatera Utara that hasn’t been widely cultivated because it’s difficult to germinate. The aim of this research was to study the effect of giving an electric field to the metabolism of andaliman (Zanthoxylum accanthopodium DC) seeds which contributes to accelerating germination. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Tissue Culture Laboratory and Molecular and Genetic Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara from June to July 2018 was arranged in a complete non-factorial randomized design repeated three times. Seeds are given by an electric field for 18 days with a voltage of 324 volts. The results of this research showed that the electric field treatment and differences in fruit colour not different significantly on seed metabolism in accelerating germination after do analysis of proteins, APX, SOD and electrical conductivity. Descriptively the highest average of APX was showed on without electric field: red colour seeds 2.39 μM/min/mg protein (P1). The highest average of SOD was showed on with electric field: red colour seeds 485.27 unit/mg protein (P4). The highest average of electrical conductivity was showed on without electric field: red colour seeds 6733.33 μS (P1).
Spodoptera litura as a main pest in oil palm peat plantation
Authors: Bakti D , Saragih M D S , Safni I , Pasaribu S H
Published: June 2019

Nowadays oil palm plantation is attacked by Spodoptera litura especially in peat land plantation. This research was aimed to find out the types of host plants most preferred by larvae of S. litura. This research was conducted in 2 stages, the 1st stage used Randomized Block Design Factorial consisting of 2 factors, which was the origin of the larvae and the comodity with 16 combinations of treatments, the 2nd stage used Non Factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment combinations, P1: Oil palm + Coconut + Sugar palm + Areca nut + Soybean + Green bean + Peanut+ Mucuna bracteata + 40 S. litura original from Oil palm, and P2: Oil palm + Coconut + Sugar palm + Areca nut + Soybean + Green bean + Peanut + Mucuna bracteata + 40 S. litura original from Soybean. The results showed that the preference of S. litura original from oil palm to the tested plants were Mucuna bracteata, Soybean, Green bean, Peanut, Oil palm, Areca nut, Sugar palm and Coconut. The preference of S. litura original from Soybean to the tested plants were Soybean, Mucuna bracteata, Peanut, Green bean, Oil palm, Areca nut, Coconut and Sugar palm.
Insect management with refugia plant in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sutriono  , Purba E , Marheni
Published: June 2019

Refugia is a microhabitat that provides spatial or temporal shelter for pest natural enemies, and supports biotic interaction components in ecosystems, such as pollinators or pollinating insects. The research objective was to study the best types of refugia plant in pest insect management. The treatments consisted of five plant refugia, R0 (control), R1 (Ageratum conyzoides), R2 (Axonopus compressus), R3 (Cosmos caudatus), and R4 (Wedelia trilobata) and each treatment was made in five replicates. This research is descriptive using the transect method and sampling is done using several tools, namely: yellow traps, pitfall traps and sweep nets. The findings indicate that the highest pest insect in refugia’s composition is R0 as many as seven species, and R2 does not have the highest composition of insect pests due to predator domination over insect pests. The highest predator insects found in R2 is four species, while R1 didn’t have the highest composition of predator insects. Data on morphospecies diversity index of pest and predator insect are moderate. Evenness index of morphospeciesis fall in high criteria, ≥ 0.6.
Transmission of virus by whitefly Bemisia tabaci from dutch eggplant Solanum betaceum cav. for cucurbitaceae plants in greenhouse
Authors: Sirait R , Pinem M I , Hasanuddin
Published: June 2019

Family Cucurbitaceae is a member the plant propagates that have an important role in agriculture particularly in the subsector of vegetable plants. However, the production plant of the family Cucurbitaceae is declining each year. Cucumber, Watermelon and Pumpkin plants those are included in the family Cucurbitaceae. Decrease in crop production is caused by virus attacks that attack plants through an insect vector Whitefly (B. tabaci). This research was carried out in February-September 2018 Greenhouse in the Faculty of Agriculture University of North Sumatera, Medan. This research aims to know the ability of Whitefly (B. tabaci) in the transmit viruses and the influence of lice inoculation feeding period against the widespread symptoms of virus attacks on some of the Cucurbitaceae plant. This research was compiled in a random Design Complete with two factors, namely: 1. The type of crop that is Cucumber, Watermelon and Pumpkin, 2. Inoculation Time is 24 hours and 48 hours. The results showed that the type of plant and the Time Period of Incubation and Inoculation affects the Severity of Disease in plant experiment.
Online library database from national center for information on biotechnology (NCBI) regarding Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Hayati R , Basyuni M , Chalil D , Bimantara Y
Published: June 2019

Ganoderma boninense now becomes a trending topic to researchers, and it spreads through the roots and usually the oil palm tree will basal stem rot cause harm the plantation. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online available overall suite of online resources can be accessed for biological information the data, including the PubMed database and additional NCBI resources, focus on literature, health, genomes, genes, proteins, and chemicals regarding G. Boninense and can prevent intention of Ganoderma pathogenic diseases for the health of sustainable oil palm plants. G. boninense pathogens have 28 books and reports, 10 online books, collection of journals and others in the NLM, 62 scientific and medical abstracts or citation and 65 articles. This information can be used in biotechnology research which contains explanations about pathological diseases, including prevention and early detection for G.boninense worldwide. Moreover, 162 nucleotide DNA and RNA sequences have reported.
The growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) with anorganic and organo-bio fertilizer
Authors: Lahay R R , Sipayung R , Sabrina T
Published: June 2019

The field study was conducted to study the growth and yield of sweet corn with different fertilizer at the experimental farm of the Department ofAgrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia from May to August 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replication. Treatments include: 300 kg NPK/ha; 300 kg NPK/ha + 1.2 ton Rhizoculant/ha; 150 kg NPK/ha + 2.4 ton Rhizoculant/ha; 150 kg NPK/ha + 1.2 ton Rhizoculant/ha; 2.4 ton Rhizoculant/ha; and 1.2 ton Rhizoculant/ha. Results showed that fertilizer application had a significant effect on plant height, silking time, leaf area, and shoot-root ratio. The application of 300 kg NPK/ha + 1.2-ton Rhizoculant/ha produced higher values of growth and yield attributes rather than other treatments. The application of nutrients through Rhizoculant only was the lowest values of growth and yield attributes.
The increasing of phosphorus availability and corn growth (Zea mays l.) With the application of phosphate solubilizing microbes and some sources of organic materials on andisol
Authors: Masdariah  , Sembiring M , Mukhlis  , Rosneli
Published: June 2019

Andisol is a soil that develops from volcanic ash material, dominated by amorphous aluminium silicate and Al-humus complex. This research was carried out at the Greenhouse and Laboratory of Soil Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. This research used a randomized block design with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor was Phosphate Solubilizing Microbial (PSM), namely: without application (M0), 5 g of Mycorrhiza (M1), 5 gr of Talaromyces pinophilus Fungi (M2), 5 g of Burkholderia cepacia Bacteria (M3). The second factor was organic matter, namely: without application (K0), 180 g of cow dung (K1), 180 g of chicken manure (K2) and 180 g of OPEFB (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) compost (K3). The research results showed that the administration of phosphate solubilizing microbes and several sources of organic matter could increase the soil pH by 0.61-29.12%, P-available by 1.46-112.64%, plant height by 5.41-19.25% and canopy dry weight by 11.34-65.57%. In general, the best treatment was the application of Mycorrhiza with OPEFB (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) compost.
Flower morphology and inflorescence of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) from Dairi, North Sumatera
Authors: Siregar B L , Siregar L A M , Nisa T C , Putri L A P
Published: June 2019

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a spice plant typical of North Sumatra. Biological information on andaliman flowers is still limited. Therefore, the purpose of this observation is to study morphology of andaliman flowers and inflorescence arrangements that can be useful in understanding andaliman flower biology. The research was conducted on plants in one of the centres of andaliman production in Dairi District. Flower of andaliman is axilliary inflorescence, determinate flowers, dichasium, generally glomerate, the number of flowers in one peduncle varies greatly. The time blooming of the flowers in each rachis is quite varied. Flower andaliman small and hermaphrodite with its parts, sepals 5-7 free, pale yellow colour, 5-6 stamens, anther is reddish, pollen sticky, and 3-4 pistils, and sometimes 5 pistils, apocarps. Information obtained from this study can be used in subsequent studies related to pollination, fertilization, fruit set, and seed set. The variation of flower blossom in one peduncle is one of the factors contributing to the maturity of the fruit as a source of seed should be studied.
Increasing competitiveness the agro-food complex is impossible without its rational territorial organization
Authors: Altukhov A I , Drokin V V , Zhuravlev A S
Published: June 2019

The article considers the concepts of “competitiveness” and “competitive advantages”. It gives the summary of available competitive advantages and the ones to be formed in the agricultural sector as well as specifies the factors to influence the competitiveness of the agricultural produce. Among the priority and controllable factors (conceptual framework) which have a major positive or negative impact on the state of competitiveness the following ones have been identified: inequitable cross-sector exchange not in favour of the agricultural sector; territories zoning based on the production possibilities for agri-food produce; possibilities to use digital economy in the agricultural production.
Development of an innovation and investment model project for a rabbit farm
Authors: Velkina L V , Chutcheva Yu V
Published: June 2019

The development of the production of other types of meat has good prospects in the future, which will certainly contribute to improving the state of the livestock industry. Rabbit breeding has many incomparable advantages over other sub-breeds; therefore, it can be argued that rabbit breeding is one of the promising sub-sectors for further development. Using theoretical and empirical research methods, the authors identified a positive trend in the development of the subsector both in the world and in the Russian Federation due to the desire of the population for a healthy lifestyle. It is known that rabbit meat is dietary, easily digestible and recommended for use by all sex and age groups of the population. From an economic point of view, an increase in the production of rabbit products is a consequence of the steady growth in demand for all types of products in the sub-industry under consideration. Also, the authors note that the market capacity of the rabbit products is large enough: projects quickly pay for themselves due to the possibility of increasing production in a short time. Undoubtedly, there are factors that inhibit the development of the rabbit breeding subsector. The formation of supply chains of rabbit products and the lack of a stable feed base are the most pressing. Despite the identified problems, the rabbit breeding sector is gradually becoming one of the significant sub-sectors of the livestock industry, which in the near future will make it possible to talk about improving the efficiency of livestock production in general. The key points to be highlighted: (a) the current state of the rabbit breeding subsector in the world and in the Russian Federation was analyzed and the conclusion was made that the domestic sub-industry is at the stage of formation; (b) an opportunities for the development of the subsector and constraints were identified; (c) a project has been developed for the creation of a rabbit farm with an economic and technical-technological substantiation and assessment of economic efficiency. The proposed project of a rabbit farm can be considered as a model. Depending on the location and the need for rabbit breeding products, it is possible to change the project parameters for adaptation in a particular region.