bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thioredoxin Is Involved in U(VI) and Cr(VI) Reduction inDesulfovibrio desulfuricansG20
Authors: Li Xiangkai , Krumholz Lee R.
Published: May 2009

A transposon insertion mutant has been identified in aDesulfovibrio desulfuricansG20 mutant library that does not grow in the presence of 2 mM U(VI) in lactate-sulfate medium. This mutant has also been shown to be deficient in the ability to grow with 100 μM Cr(VI) and 20 mM As(V). Experiments with washed cells showed that this mutant had lost the ability to reduce U(VI) or Cr(VI), providing an explanation for the lower tolerance. A gene encoding a cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) was identified as the site of the transposon insertion. The remainder of themreoperon (metalreduction) contains genes encoding a thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and an additional oxidoreductase whose substrate has not been predicted. Expression studies showed that in the mutant, the entire operon is downregulated, suggesting that the CRP may be involved in regulating expression of the whole operon. Exposure of the cells to U(VI) resulted in upregulation of the entire operon. CdCl2, a specific inhibitor of thioredoxin activity, inhibits U(VI) reduction by washed cells and inhibits growth of cells in culture when U(VI) is present, confirming a role for thioredoxin in U(VI) reduction. The entiremreoperon was cloned intoEscherichia coliJM109 and the transformant developed increased U(VI) resistance and the ability to reduce U(VI) to U(IV). The oxidoreductase protein (MreG) from this operon was expressed and purified fromE. coli.In the presence of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NADPH, this protein was shown to reduce both U(VI) and Cr(VI), providing a mechanism for the cytoplasmic reduction of these metals.
Identification of a Novel Self-Sufficient Styrene Monooxygenase from
Rhodococcus opacus
1CP
Authors: Tischler Dirk , Eulberg Dirk , Lakner Silvia , Kaschabek Stefan R. , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Schlömann Michael
Published: May 2009

Sequence analysis of a 9-kb genomic fragment of the actinobacterium
Rhodococcus opacus
1CP led to identification of an open reading frame encoding a novel fusion protein, StyA2B, with a putative function in styrene metabolism via styrene oxide and phenylacetic acid. Gene cluster analysis indicated that the highly related fusion proteins of
Nocardia farcinica
IFM10152 and
Arthrobacter aurescens
TC1 are involved in a similar physiological process. Whereas 413 amino acids of the N terminus of StyA2B are highly similar to those of the oxygenases of two-component styrene monooxygenases (SMOs) from pseudomonads, the residual 160 amino acids of the C terminus show significant homology to the flavin reductases of these systems. Cloning and functional expression of His
10
-StyA2B revealed for the first time that the fusion protein does in fact catalyze two separate reactions. Strictly NADH-dependent reduction of flavins and highly enantioselective oxygenation of styrene to (
S
)-styrene oxide were shown. Inhibition studies and photometric analysis of recombinant StyA2B indicated the absence of tightly bound heme and flavin cofactors in this self-sufficient monooxygenase. StyA2B oxygenates a spectrum of aromatic compounds similar to those of two-component SMOs. However, the specific activities of the flavin-reducing and styrene-oxidizing functions of StyA2B are one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of StyA/StyB from
Pseudomonas
sp. strain VLB120.
Genetic Determinants ofSilicibactersp. TM1040 Motility
Authors: Belas Robert , Horikawa Eiko , Aizawa Shin-Ichi , Suvanasuthi Rooge
Published: May 2009

Silicibactersp. TM1040 is a member of the marineRoseobacterclade ofAlphaproteobacteriathat forms symbioses with unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton, such as dinoflagellates. The symbiosis is complex and involves a series of steps that physiologically change highly motile bacteria into cells that readily form biofilms on the surface of the host. The initial phases of symbiosis require bacterial motility and chemotaxis that drive the swimming bacteria toward their planktonic host. Cells lacking wild-type motility fail to establish biofilms on host cells and do not produce effective symbioses, emphasizing the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling flagellar biosynthesis and the biphasic “swim-or-stick” switch. In the present study, we used a combination of bioinformatic and genetic approaches to identify the genes critical for swimming ofSilicibactersp. TM1040. More than 40 open reading frames with homology to known flagellar structural and regulatory genes were identified, most of which are organized into approximately eight operons comprising a 35.4-kb locus, with surprising similarity to the fla2 locus ofRhodobacter sphaeroides. The genome has homologs of CckA, CtrA, FlbT, and FlaF, proteins that inCaulobacter crescentusregulate flagellum biosynthesis. In addition, we uncovered three novel genes,flaB,flaC, andflaD, which encode flagellar regulatory proteins whose functions are likely to involve regulation of motor function (FlaD) and modulation of the swim-or-stick switch (FlaC). The data support the conclusion thatSilicibactersp. TM1040 uses components found in otherAlphaproteobacteria, as well as novel molecular mechanisms, to regulate the expression of the genes required for motility and biofilm formation. These unique molecular mechanisms may enhance the symbiosis and survival ofRoseobacterclade bacteria in the marine environment.
Intraspecies Signaling Involving the Diffusible Signal Factor BDSF (cis-2-Dodecenoic Acid) Influences Virulence inBurkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: Ryan Robert P. , McCarthy Yvonne , Watt Steven A. , Niehaus Karsten , Dow J. Maxwell
Published: May 2009

Burkholderia cenocepaciaproduces a diffusible fatty acid signal molecule,cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF), that has been implicated in interspecies and interkingdom communication. Here, we show that BDSF also acts as an intraspecies signal inB. cenocepaciato control factors contributing to virulence of this major opportunistic pathogen.
Mutations atpipXSuppress Lethality of PII-Deficient Mutants ofSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942
Authors: Espinosa Javier , Castells Miguel Angel , Laichoubi Karim Boumediene , Contreras Asunción
Published: May 2009

The PIIproteins are found in all three domains of life as key integrators of signals reflecting the balance of nitrogen and carbon. Genetic inactivation of PIIproteins is typically associated with severe growth defects or death. However, the molecular basis of these defects depends on the specific functions of the proteins with which PIIproteins interact to regulate nitrogen metabolism in different organisms. InSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942, where PIIforms complexes with the NtcA coactivator PipX, attempts to engineer PII-deficient strains failed in a wild-type background but were successful inpipXnull mutants. Consistent with the idea that PIIis essential to counteract the activity of PipX, four different spontaneous mutations in thepipXgene were found in cultures in whichglnBhad been genetically inactivated.
Steric Gate Variants of UmuC Confer UV Hypersensitivity onEscherichia coli
Authors: Shurtleff Brenna W. , Ollivierre Jaylene N. , Tehrani Mohammad , Walker Graham C. , Beuning Penny J.
Published: May 2009

Y family DNA polymerases are specialized for replication of damaged DNA and represent a major contribution to cellular resistance to DNA lesions. Although the Y family polymerase active sites have fewer contacts with their DNA substrates than replicative DNA polymerases, Y family polymerases appear to exhibit specificity for certain lesions. Thus, mutation of the steric gate residue ofEscherichia coliDinB resulted in the specific loss of lesion bypass activity. We constructed variants ofE. coliUmuC with mutations of the steric gate residue Y11 and of residue F10 and determined that strains harboring these variants are hypersensitive to UV light. Moreover, these UmuC variants are dominant negative with respect to sensitivity to UV light. The UV hypersensitivity and the dominant negative phenotype are partially suppressed by additional mutations in the known motifs in UmuC responsible for binding to the β processivity clamp, suggesting that the UmuC steric gate variant exerts its effects via access to the replication fork. Strains expressing the UmuC Y11A variant also exhibit decreased UV mutagenesis. Strikingly, disruption of thednaQgene encoding the replicative DNA polymerase proofreading subunit suppressed the dominant negative phenotype of a UmuC steric gate variant. This could be due to a recruitment function of the proofreading subunit or involvement of the proofreading subunit in a futile cycle of base insertion/excision with the UmuC steric gate variant.
Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes of Late Preterm Singletons and Multiple Births: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Vachharajani Akshaya J. , Vachharajani Neeta A. , Dawson Jeffrey G.
Published: May 2009

We compare 4 short-term outcomes—namely admission to special care nursery (SCN), length of stay (LOS), age at full feeds (AFF) and respiratory morbidity/need for ventilation—in 1015 late preterm singletons and 366 twins and triplets born at our institution over a 4-year period. Birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) rather than plurality of birth determined need for admission to SCN, LOS, AFF, and need for respiratory support. When matched for GA, compared to singletons, twins and triplets needed less admission to SCN and respiratory support at 36 weeks, whereas at 34 weeks, they had longer LOS and took longer to get to full feeds. We conclude that the outcomes of interest are affected by GA and BW rather than plurality.
Effect of Oral Sodium Cromoglycate in 2 Children With Food-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis (FDEIA)
Authors: Sugimura Tetsu , Tananari Yoshifumi , Ozaki Yukiko , Maeno Yasuki , Ito Shinichi , Yoshimoto Yuno , Kawano Keiko , Tanaka Seiji
Published: May 2009

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) was prevented from recurring in 2 children by sodium cromoglycate (SCG) before intake of the causative food. Case 1: A 14-year-old girl who had suffered recurrent symptoms of anaphylaxis when she exercised after lunch. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was 1.49 UA/mL for wheat. She was advised to take SCG before lunch. In 2007, she ate bread at lunchtime without taking SCG and developed anaphylaxis. After this, she always took SCG and did not develop anaphylaxis. Case 2: A 9-year-old boy who had recurrent symptoms of anaphylaxis when he exercised after lunch. RAST was 0.46 UA/mL for wheat. He started taking SCG before lunch. In June 2008, he forgot to take SCG and ate fu (a food made from wheat). He exercised after lunch and developed anaphylaxis. Since then, he has always taken SCG and has not developed anaphylaxis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SCG prevents FDEIA caused by wheat allergy.
Safety of Propofol Sedation for Pediatric Outpatient Procedures
Authors: Larsen Reagan , Galloway David , Wadera Sheetal , Kjar Dean , Hardy David , Mirkes Curtis , Wick Lori , Pohl John F.
Published: May 2009

Propofol sedation is used more frequently in pediatric procedures because of its ability to provide varying sedation levels. The authors evaluated all outpatient pediatric procedures using propofol sedation over a 6-year period. All sedation was provided by pediatric intensivists at a single institution. In all, 4716 procedures were recorded during the study period; 15% of procedures were associated with minor complications, whereas only 0.1% of procedures were associated with major complications. Significantly more major complications associated with propofol occurred during bronchoscopy ( P = .001). Propofol administered by a pediatric intensivist is a safe sedation technique in the pediatric outpatient setting.
The William J. Davis Award
Authors: Owens Michael A.
Published: May 2009

Purpose: This article provides an analysis of articles winning the William J. Davis Award in Educational Administration Quarterly ( EAQ) from its start in 1980 through 2007. Findings: Information is presented on data relating to two guiding questions: (a) What themes or trends have emerged over time in Davis Award—winning articles? (b) What impact have Davis Award—winning articles had on the field relative to other EAQ articles? Conclusions: Based on patterns that emerged from the data, ideas for continued changes in EAQ's editorial policies relating to the award are explored.
Increasing Operational Effectiveness in UN Peacekeeping
Authors: Bridges Donna , Horsfall Debbie
Published: May 2009

In this article, the authors argue that an increased percentage of female military personnel on UN peacekeeping operations is beneficial to operational effectiveness. They establish a case for a greater proportion of female service personnel that is based on three main premises: (1) a force adequately representative of female service personnel in peacekeeping operations will combat sexual misconduct perpetrated by some male soldiers, (2) peacekeeping is a task of great consequence and is best served by a force representative of both genders, (3) a greater proportion of female military personnel engenders trust and improves the reputation of peacekeepers among local populations. Literature reviews, including media reviews, research, and policy reports compiled by the Australian Defence Force (ADF), other Western militaries, and the United Nations, inform the above assertions and are augmented by research data from interviews with female personnel from the ADF.
A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Perceptions of the Media by Members of the British Forces during the Iraq War
Authors: Pinder Richard J. , Murphy Dominic , Hatch Stephani L. , Iversen Amy , Dandeker Christopher , Wessely Simon
Published: May 2009

Little is known about service personnel’s perceptions of the media’s coverage of war and its impact on the personnel and their families. Using data collected from a major cohort study of the British Armed Forces, this article examines perceptions of the coverage of the Iraq War among British personnel deployed during the 2003 invasion of Iraq (Operation Telic 1). It draws on the theories of media’s effects and gauges whether hostile media effect or assimilation bias effect takes precedence. The authors qualitatively analyzed the responses of 200 military personnel regarding their perceptions of the media and supplemented this by further quantitative analysis. This led the authors to identify concerns that the media coverage was unsuitable, inaccurate, and too immediate; however, in some cases, coverage was considered beneficial. The importance of the family to those deployed and the extent to which media coverage can affect morale make the military family an important media audience.
Communication outcome after stroke: a new measure of the carer’s perspective
Authors: Long Andrew , Hesketh Anne , Bowen Audrey
Published: May 2009

Objective: To validate a measure of the carer’s perspective of a stroke survivor’s communication in everyday life.

Design: Cross-sectional, interview-based, psychometric study.

Setting: A community sample from the northwest of England, UK.

Subjects: Fifty-eight carers and 58 stroke survivors with communication problems (aphasia and/or dysarthria) following a stroke within the previous 4—12 months.

Interventions: Administration of the 20-item Carer Communication Outcome after Stroke (Carer COAST) scale, on two occasions, within a two-week period; the 15-item Carers of Older People in Europe (COPE) Index, the patient Communication Outcome after Stroke (COAST) Scale, and collection of demographic and other data relating to the stroke survivor’s disability (Barthel Index), degree of aphasia (Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test) and hospital diagnosis of aphasia/dysarthria.

Main measures: Acceptability (missing values), reliability (internal consistency and test—retest reliability) and construct validity.

Results: Carer COAST showed good acceptability (no incomplete items, sample spread 24—100%), internal consistency and test—retest reliability for the scale (a = 0.94; intraclass correlation (ICC) = 0.91) and its subscales (a = 0.78—0.90; ICC = 0.75—0.87), and indicative evidence on construct validity (Carer COAST, COPE subscales and COAST). There were statistically significant correlations between the communication items of Carer COAST and the negative impact of caregiving (rs = —0.29) and the financial difficulties of caregiving (rs = —0.38).

Conclusions: The Carer COAST scale has considerable potential as a reliable and valid measure of the carer’s perspective on the communication effectiveness of stroke survivors. Intercorrelations with COPE provide specific evidence of the impact of caring for a person with communication difficulties following a stroke.
Disposing of Human Property: American Slave Families and Forced Separation in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Pargas Damian Alan
Published: May 2009

Virtually no slave family in the nineteenth-century American South was completely safeguarded from forced separation, yet the extent of family breakups throughout the slave states remains far from clear. Much of the historical debate has focused on the domestic slave trade and its effect on slave family stability, thereby downplaying other methods of forced separation, which were surely just as disruptive, such as local sales and estate divisions. Moreover, few historians have approached the issue of forced separation from a comparative perspective. This article examines the threat of forced separation for slave families living in two distinct communities of the antebellum South, namely, northern Virginia and southern Louisiana. Concluding that the threat of forced separation was inextricably linked to the nature of regional slave-based agriculture, this study shows that time and place mattered and that the threat of forced separation varied for slave families living in different communities.
Interaction between the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tendons: Effect of Anterior Supraspinatus Tendon Full-Thickness Tears on Infraspinatus Tendon Strain
Authors: Andarawis-Puri Nelly , Ricchetti Eric T. , Soslowsky Louis J.
Published: May 2009

Background

Rotator cuff tears are common and not well-understood shoulder problems. Structural and mechanical inhomogeneity of the supraspinatus tendon complicates accurate prediction of risk of tear propagation and may affect appropriate clinical treatment.

Hypothesis

We propose that interactions between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons are critical to load bearing at the glenohumeral joint and warrant investigation.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Principal strains in the infraspinatus tendon of cadaveric human shoulders were evaluated with increasing anterior full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear sizes and loading to evaluate whether a mechanical interaction between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons exists. A constant nominal load was attached to the infraspinatus throughout all experimental conditions.

Results

Increasing supraspinatus tendon tear width from intact and 33% to 66% and increasing supraspinatus tendon load caused an increase in maximum and a decrease in minimum principal strain in the infraspinatus tendon. Increasing the supraspinatus tendon tear size from intact to 33% of the width had no significant effect on infraspinatus tendon strain.

Conclusion

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons mechanically interact. The observed significant increase in maximum and decrease in minimum principal strain was concurrent in both the infraspinatus and supraspinatus tendons.

Clinical Relevance

Changes in infraspinatus tendon strain associated with increases in supraspinatus tendon tear size and loading may shield a torn supraspinatus tendon from further injury or may have an effect on the load-bearing capacity of the infraspinatus tendon. Results also imply that the effect of a small tear that does not compromise the confluent region between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon may be localized, eliminating its effect on infraspinatus tendon strain.
A 7-Year Prospective, Randomized, Clinical, and Radiographic Study After Arthroscopic Bankart Reconstruction Using 2 Different Types of Absorbable Tack
Authors: Elmlund Anna O. , Kartus Jüri , Rostgård-Christensen Lars , Sernert Ninni , Magnusson Lennart , Ejerhed Lars
Published: May 2009

Background

Recent studies have shown that techniques for arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction using suture anchors or tacks can equal the results after an open procedure in the treatment of posttraumatic, recurrent, unidirectional shoulder instability. Which kind of technique and which implants to be used still need further study.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results after arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction using 2 different types of absorbable implants.

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods

A randomized series of 40 patients who had recurrent shoulder instability underwent reconstruction involving either polygluconate-B polymer or self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid polymer tack implants. The patients underwent radiographic and clinical assessments preoperatively and at 7 years. Blood levels of C-reactive protein were analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

The radiographic visibility of the drill holes was significantly ( P = .0001) greater in the poly-L-lactic acid polymer group than in the polygluconate-B polymer group. The failure rate in terms of stability was 5 of 36 (14%) after 7 years and, as previously reported by Magnusson et al, 2 of 40 (5%) after 2 years. Analyses preoperatively and postoperatively of C-reactive protein revealed no significant difference between the groups. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of strength in abduction, range of motion, and Rowe or Constant scores.

Conclusion

Seven years after Bankart repair using either implant, the overall clinical results were satisfactory. The visibility of the drill holes was significantly greater after using poly-L-lactic acid polymer implants.
Nursing Home Staff Turnover and Retention
Authors: Donoghue Christopher
Published: May 2009

The goals of this study are to provide national estimates of turnover and retention for registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and certified nursing assistants in nursing homes, and to examine the associations between management tenure, organizational characteristics, local economic conditions, turnover, and retention. The 2004 National Nursing Home Survey is used as the primary source of data. The annualized turnover rate is found to be the highest among certified nursing assistants at 74.5%, followed by registered nurses at 56.1%, and licensed practical nurses at 51.0%. National retention rates reveal that between 62.5% and 67.3% of nurses have been employed at the same organization for more than one year. Director of nursing tenure, registered nurse hours per patient day, and certified nursing assistant hours per patient day show the most consistent associations to lower turnover and higher retention.
Transportation Difficulty of Black and White Rural Older Adults
Authors: Nan Sook Park  , Roff Lucinda L. , Sun Fei , Parker Michael W. , Klemmack David L. , Sawyer Patricia , Allman Richard M.
Published: May 2009

This study explores self-reported transportation difficulty among rural older adults, using data from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging for community-dwelling participants (255 Black and 259 White) residing in rural areas. The authors examine the relationship of predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and measures of need for care with self-reports of transportation difficulty. Blacks report having more transportation difficulty than Whites (24.7% vs. 11.6%; p < .05). When the authors introduce other variables, race differences disappear, but there is a race-by-income interaction with transportation difficulty. Whites with lower incomes are more likely to have transportation difficulty than Whites with higher incomes. When data from Blacks and Whites are analyzed separately, income is the only variable associated with transportation difficulty among Whites. Among Blacks, income is not related to transportation difficulty but several variables other than income (age, gender, marital status, Mini Mental State Exam scores, and depression) are.
Valproate-Associated Coagulopathies in Children During Short-Term Treatment
Authors: Köse Gülsen , Arhan Ebru , Unal Bahadır , Ozaydın Eda , Guven Alev , Saylı Tulin R.
Published: May 2009

Valproic acid is one of the most frequently prescribed antiepileptic drugs for the therapy of generalized and focal epilepsies. Valproate induces a variety of hemostatic disorders such as thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet function, hypofibrinogenemia, and decreased concentrations of von Willebrand factor, and it rarely causes serious bleeding complications. It may also lead to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, there is still lack of knowledge about the incidence and occurrence of these particular side effects. In this prospective systematic study, we assessed the early effects of sodium valproate on both pro- and anticoagulatory factors, homocysteine, and lipoprotein (a) in 24 newly diagnosed epileptic children treated with valproate. Valproate causes decreased factor VII levels, platelet count, factor VIII, Protein C, fibrinogen, and increased lipoprotein (a) levels. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the first in the medical literature, which describes that valproate significantly reduces factor VII levels even during short-term therapy.
Gender differences in knowledge and attitude towards biotechnology
Authors: Simon Richard M.
Published: May 2009

The relationship between gender, knowledge of biotechnology, attitudes toward biotechnology, and various socio-demographic variables was investigated using the Eurobarometer 52.1. It was found that neither socio-demographics, nor differing levels of scientific knowledge could explain females’ greater probability of being pessimistic toward biotechnology. After running separate models for males and females, it was discovered that, for males, more knowledge of biotechnology decreased their probability of being pessimistic about science, but for females more knowledge of biotechnology actually lead to a greater probability of being pessimistic. Further, a gender—education interaction was discovered that revealed that, for males, education and knowledge of biotechnology have independent effects on attitudes, but for females education has no effect on attitudes towards biotechnology when knowledge is controlled. The results for females complicate the deficit model of social support for science, which posits that more knowledge of science always leads to more positive attitudes.
Embryonic stem cell: A climax in the reign of the Brazilian media
Authors: Jurberg Claudia , Verjovsky Marina , Cardoso Machado Gabriel de Oliveira , Affonso-Mitidieri Ottília R.
Published: May 2009

In the last few years, embryonic stem cell research has been widely debated in Brazil and a “star” in the national media. Because of the notoriety of the issue, the media have sometimes been criticized for oversimplification, exaggeration and distortion. In this context, we analyzed the media during an important time: in 2008, the Federal Supreme Court held historical hearings to decide whether Brazilian scientists could continue using embryonic stem cells. First, we focused on letters sent by readers to one of the most popular newspapers, O Globo. Second, we analyzed the Brazilian news coverage of embryonic stem cells during a crucial week in the public debate. At the end of May 2008, under pressure from Brazilian media and society, the Ministers of the Supreme Court approved research using embryonic stem cells.
Caring for the Student With Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: Prenni Patricia G.
Published: May 2009

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a cardiac condition in which an extra electrical pathway within the heart causes an abnormal increase in heart rate. It affects one to three people of every 1,000 people worldwide, occurring more often in males. Diagnosis usually occurs during young adulthood, so it is important for school nurses to be familiar with the condition. Prophylactic treatments, as well as surgical intervention to permanently block the extra pathway, are options for people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Tachycardia associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can occur occasionally even when prophylactic treatment is administered. School nurses must know how to properly assess and treat episodes of tachycardia that may occur in the school setting. With proper education, school nurses can help provide a safe school environment for students with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and promote successful academic achievement.
Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma and Undifferentiated Endometrial Sarcoma: A Comparative Analysis Emphasizing the Importance of Distinguishing Between These Two Groups
Authors: Bartosch Carla , Exposito Maria Isabel , Lopes José Manuel
Published: May 2009

Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs) are rare tumors whose classification is still controversial. In this study, the authors studied 19 patients diagnosed with ESS at the Hospital S João, Porto, Portugal; reviewed their files and material; and performed immunohistochemical study for CD10, desmin, and smooth muscle actin markers, aiming to compare low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LG-ESSs) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas (UESs) using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Twelve cases (63%) were classified as LG-ESS and 7 (37%) as UES. The median age at diagnosis was 49 years, and women with LG-ESS tended to be younger than those with UES. Most cases (7/11) had a previous echographic diagnosis of leiomyoma. A biopsy or curettage was performed in 6 cases, providing a definitive diagnosis of malignancy in 4. Frozen section was performed in 4 patients. The majority (63%) of patients were FIGO stage I. Twelve (63%) cases showed diffuse or focal expression of CD10. Desmin and smooth muscle actin expression was focal in 4 (21%) tumors. Patients with LG-ESS had a significant better overall survival than those with UES ( P = .026). Mitotic count had no prognostic significance. Our data emphasize the clinical importance of the WHO classification in ESS. It is of utmost importance to establish a proper classification to increase the consistency of data that may be useful for improving clinical and therapeutic management of patients with ESS.
Children’s Sensitivity to External Food Cues: How Distance to Serving Bowl Influences Children’s Consumption
Authors: Musher-Eizenman Dara R. , Young Kathleen M. , Laurene Kimberly , Galliger Courtney , Hauser Jessica , Wagner Oehlhof Marissa
Published: May 2009

Overweight is increasing in children, leading to negative health consequences. Children also lack appropriate levels of important vitamins and nutrients in their diets. Environmental cues, such as food proximity, have been shown to influence consumption rates in adults. The present study has tested whether proximity to either a nutrient-dense or caloric-dense food would influence children’s snack consumption in a day care setting. Children ( N = 46, age range 3.4-11) consumed more of both nutrient- and energy-dense foods when they are sitting closer to the food than if they are sitting farther away from the food, above and beyond the effects of age. The data indicate that it may be possible to increase the consumption of nutrient-dense foods or decrease the consumption of energy-dense foods, respectively, by modifying the proximity of such foods within a child’s environment.
Below-knee amputation through a joint-sparing proximal tibial replacement for recurrent tumour
Authors: Spiegelberg B. G. I. , Sewell M. D. , Coltman T. , Blunn G. W. , Flanagan A. M. , Cannon S. R. , Briggs T. W. R.
Published: May 2009

We report a case which highlights the progression of osteofibrous dysplasia to adamantinoma and questions whether intralesional curettage is the appropriate treatment. The role of a joint-sparing massive endoprosthesis using cortical fixation is demonstrated and we describe a unique biomedical design which resulted in the manufacture of an end cap to allow amputation through a custom-made proximal tibial replacement, rather than an above-knee amputation following recurrence.
Skin closure after total hip replacement
Authors: Livesey C. , Wylde V. , Descamps S. , Estela C. M. , Bannister G. C. , Learmonth I. D. , Blom A. W.
Published: May 2009

We undertook a randomised controlled trial to compare the outcomes of skin adhesive and staples for skin closure in total hip replacement. The primary outcome was the cosmetic appearance of the scar at three months using a surgeon-rated visual analogue scale. In all, 90 patients were randomised to skin closure using either skin adhesive (n = 45) or staples (n = 45). Data on demographics, surgical details, infection and oozing were collected during the in-patient stay. Further data on complications, patient satisfaction and evaluation of cosmesis were collected at three-month follow-up, and a photograph of the scar was taken. An orthopaedic and a plastic surgeon independently evaluated the cosmetic appearance of the scars from the photographs. No significant difference was found between groups in the cosmetic appearance of scars at three months (p = 0.172), the occurrence of complications (p = 0.3), or patient satisfaction (p = 0.42). Staples were quicker and easier to use than skin adhesive and also less expensive. Skin adhesive and surgical staples are both effective skin closure methods in total hip replacement.
The level of vascular endothelial growth factor as a predictor of a poor prognosis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Kaya M. , Wada T. , Nagoya S. , Sasaki M. , Matsumura T. , Yamashita T.
Published: May 2009

We undertook a prospective study to evaluate the prognostic significance of the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in predicting the survival of patients with osteosarcoma. The levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 15 patients with osteosarcoma before commencing treatment. The patients were divided into two groups, with a high or a low serum VEGF level, and the incidence of metastases and overall survival rate were compared.

No significant relationship was observed between the serum VEGF levels and gender, age, the size of the tumour or the response to pre-operative chemotherapy. Patients with a serum VEGF > 1000 pg/ml had significantly worse survival than those with a level < 1000 pg/ml (p = 0.002). The serum VEGF level may be useful in predicting the prognosis for survival in patients with osteosarcoma.
Fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers
Authors: Ng C. Y. , Oliver C. W.
Published: May 2009

Fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint include a wide spectrum of injuries, from stable avulsion fractures to complex fracture-dislocations. Stability of the joint is paramount in determining the appropriate treatment, which should aim to facilitate early mobilisation and restoration of function.
The effect of the offset humeral head on the micromovement of pegged glenoid components
Authors: Nuttall D. , Haines J. F. , Trail I. A.
Published: May 2009

In a prospective study between 2000 and 2005, 22 patients with primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder had a total shoulder arthroplasty with a standard five-pegged glenoid component, 12 with non-offset humeral head and ten with offset humeral head components. Over a period of 24 months the relative movement of the glenoid component with respect to the scapula was measured using radiostereometric analysis.

Nine glenoids needed reaming for erosion. There was a significant increase in rotation about all three axes with time (p < 0.001), the largest occurring about the longitudinal axis (anteversion-retroversion), with mean values of 3.8° and 1.9° for the non-offset and offset humeral head eroded subgroups, respectively. There was also a significant difference in rotation about the anteversion-retroversion axis (p = 0.01) and the varus-valgus (p < 0.001) z-axis between the two groups. The offset humeral head group reached a plateau at early follow-up with rotation about the z-axis, whereas the mean of the non-offset humeral head group at 24 months was three times greater than that of the offset group accounting for the highly significant difference between them.
Evaluation of peripheral nerves of the upper limb with ultrasonography
Authors: Toros T. , Karabay N. , Özaksar K. , Sugun T. S. , Kayalar M. , Bal E.
Published: May 2009

We prospectively studied 26 consecutive patients with clinically documented sensory or motor deficiency of a peripheral nerve due to trauma or entrapment using ultrasound, and in 19 cases surgical exploration of the nerves was undertaken. The ultrasonographic diagnoses were correlated with neurological examination and the surgical findings. Reliable visualisation of injured nerves on ultrasonography was achieved in all patients. Axonal swelling and hypoechogenity of the nerve was diagnosed in 15 cases, loss of continuity of a nerve bundle in 17, the formation of a neuroma of a stump in six, and partial laceration of a nerve with loss of the normal fascicular pattern in five. The ultrasonographic findings were confirmed at operation in those who had surgery.

Ultrasound may be used for the evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries in the upper limb. High-resolution ultrasound can show the exact location, extent and type of lesion, yielding important information that might not be obtainable by other diagnostic aids.
Variation in bone mineral density by anatomical site in patients with proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Wilson J. , Bonner T. J. , Head M. , Fordham J. , Brealey S. , Rangan A.
Published: May 2009

Low-energy fractures of the proximal humerus indicate osteoporosis and it is important to direct treatment to this group of patients who are at high risk of further fracture. Data were prospectively collected from 79 patients (11 men, 68 women) with a mean age of 69 years (55 to 86) with fractures of the proximal humerus in order to determine if current guidelines on the measurement of the bone mineral density at the hip and lumbar spine were adequate to stratify the risk and to guide the treatment of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density measurements were made by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the proximal femur, lumbar spine (L2-4) and contralateral distal radius, and the T-scores were generated for comparison. Data were also collected on the use of steroids, smoking, the use of alcohol, hand dominance and comorbidity.

The mean T-score for the distal radius was −2.97 (sd 1.56) compared with −1.61 (sd 1.62) for the lumbar spine and −1.78 (sd 1.33) for the femur. There was a significant difference between the mean lumbar and radial T scores (1.36 (1.03 to 1.68); p < 0.001) and between the mean femoral and radial T-scores (1.18 (0.92 to 1.44); p < 0.001). The inclusion of all three sites in the determination of the T-score increased the sensitivity to 66% compared with that of 46% when only the proximal femur and lumbar spine were used. This difference between measurements in the upper limb compared with the axial skeleton and lower limb suggests that basing risk assessment and treatment on only the bone mineral density taken at the hip or lumbar spine may misrepresent the extent of osteoporosis in the upper limb and the subsequent risk of fracture at this site.

The assessment of osteoporosis must include measurement of the bone mineral density at the distal radius to avoid underestimation of osteoporosis in the upper limb.
The effect of an intravenous bolus of tranexamic acid on blood loss in total hip replacement
Authors: Rajesparan K. , Biant L. C. , Ahmad M. , Field R. E.
Published: May 2009

Tranexamic acid is a fibrinolytic inhibitor which reduces blood loss in total knee replacement. We examined the effect on blood loss of a standardised intravenous bolus dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid, given at the induction of anaesthesia in patients undergoing total hip replacement and tested the potential prothrombotic effect by undertaking routine venography. In all, 36 patients received 1 g of tranexamic acid, and 37 no tranexamic acid. Blood loss was measured directly per-operatively and indirectly post-operatively.

Tranexamic acid reduced the early post-operative blood loss and total blood loss (p = 0.03 and p = 0.008, respectively) but not the intraoperative blood loss. The tranexamic acid group required fewer transfusions (p = 0.03) and had no increased incidence of deep-vein thrombosis. The reduction in early post-operative blood loss was more marked in women (p = 0.05), in whom this effect was dose-related (r = −0.793).

Our study showed that the administration of a standardised pre-operative bolus of 1 g of tranexamic acid was cost-effective in reducing the blood loss and transfusion requirements after total hip replacement, especially in women.
Missing Michael White: Understanding His Influence in One Person's Life and Work
Authors: Hutton Jane
Published: May 2009

This is a personal reflection that describes and seeks to understand the significance of Michael White's contribution to my life and work. It offers a personal history of the ways in which these ideas were incorporated over time, and the way in which Michael's teaching made this possible. It looks at how this influence is taken forward and continues to be lived out. It reflects the knowledge and skills, the intentions and the hopes, the purposes and plans held that have been shaped through learning experiences with Michael White and the people and ideas that this introduced me to. The legacy of this learning is a hopefulness for future skill development and teaching, nurtured through these communities of people.
Michael White as Teacher, Mentor Friend: Considering Claims of Guru‐ism
Authors: O'Neill Marilyn
Published: May 2009

A reflection written on the 20th anniversary of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy and around the first anniversary of the death of its first editor and respected Narrative therapist, author and theorist Michael White. This article reviews the influence of Michael White on the work and life of the author. In this reflection, it reviews some of the significant features of Michael White's teaching, which allows a consideration of claims of ‘guru‐ism’ occasionally related to Michael White's work.
Power To Our Journeys: Re‐membering Michael
Authors: Verco Jussey , Russell Shona
Published: May 2009

The following personal reflections are in honour of Michael and all that he contributed to our lives. And, we honour Brigitte a key member of the group who died in 2006. Mem, Sue and Veronica, December 2008.
Product Variety, Scale Economies, and Environmental Taxes
Authors: Vetter Henrik
Published: May 2009

We discuss how efficiently a unit tax deals with external damage problems when economies of scale characterize a monopolistically competitive market in which consumers' value product variety. It turns out that neither the number of varieties nor the quantity of each variety is at the optimum under a unit tax. Moreover, aggregate production costs are not minimized under a unit tax. For practical policy purposes, some results suggest that a Pigouvian tax can replace a tax taking into account monopoly. Our findings make this conclusion false when the number of firms is endogenous.
Simplification of Geopotential Perturbing Force Acting on A Satellite
Authors: Eshagh M. , Abdollahzadeh M. , Najafi-Alamdari M.
Published: May 2009

Simplification of Geopotential Perturbing Force Acting on A Satellite

One of the aspects of geopotential models is orbit integration of satellites. The geopotential acceleration has the largest influence on a satellite with respect to the other perturbing forces. The equation of motion of satellites is a second-order vector differential equation. These equations are further simplified and developed in this study based on the geopotential force. This new expression is much simpler than the traditional one as it does not derivatives of the associated Legendre functions and the transformations are included in the equations. The maximum degree and order of the geopotential harmonic expansion must be selected prior to the orbit integration purposes. The values of the maximum degree and order of these coefficients depend directly on the satellite's altitude. In this article, behaviour of orbital elements of recent geopotential satellites, such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE is considered with respect to the different degree and order of geopotential coefficients. In this case, the maximum degree 116, 109 and 175 were derived for the Earth gravitational field in short arc orbit integration of the CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, respectively considering millimeter level in perturbations.
Double-Difference Carrier-Phase Network Solution Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception)
Authors: Farah A.
Published: May 2009

Double-Difference Carrier-Phase Network Solution Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have an endless number of applications in industry, science, military, transportation and recreation & sports. Two systems are currently in operation namely GPS (the USA Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (the Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System), and a third is planned, the European satellite navigation system GALILEO. The potential performance improvements achievable through combining these systems could be significant and expectations are high. The need is inevitable to explore the future of positioning accuracy using different nominal constellations. In this research paper, Bernese 5.0 software could be modified to simulate and process GNSS observations from three different constellations (GPS, Glonass and Galileo) using different combinations. This study presents results of double-difference carrier-phase solution for five stations-network using the three constellations and different combinations.
‘They smell bad, have diseases, and are lazy’: rcmp Officers Reporting on Hippies in the Late Sixties
Authors: Martel Marcel
Published: May 2009

At the end of the sixties, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (rcmp) ordered officers engaged in undercover operations to send reports on drug users and especially hippies. This paper argues that collecting information on hippies was a useful weapon in the battle against softening penalties for marijuana offences since the federal police force was among the strongest opponents of legalizing or decriminalizing marijuana for recreational purposes. By depicting hippies in very negative terms, the rcmp was able to describe them as a threat and argue against their cultural, social, and political demands on the grounds that this was necessary to preserve society as it was.
Reversals in the Decline of Heart Failure Mortality in the US, 1999 to 2021
Authors: Sayed Ahmed , Abramov Dmitry , Fonarow Gregg C. , Mamas Mamas A. , Kobo Ofer , Butler Javed , Fudim Marat
Published: April 2024

This cohort study evaluates recent reversals in declines in cardiovascular mortality and whether they vary across sociodemographic categories.