bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techniques of Machine Learning for the Purpose of Predicting Diabetes Risk in PIMA Indians
Authors: Madhu Bhukya , Aerranagula Veerender , Mahomad Riyaz , Ravindernaik V. , Madhavi K. , Krishna Gopal
Published: October 2023

Chronic Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes is often called a “silent killer” due to how little symptoms appear early on. High blood sugar occurs in people with diabetes because their bodies have a hard time maintaining normal glucose levels. Care for a recurrent sickness would be permanent. The two most common forms of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. A better prognosis can help reduce the high risk of developing diabetes. In order to better predict the likelihood that a PIMA Indian may develop diabetes, this study will use a machine learning-based algorithm. The demographic and health records of 768 PIMA Indians were used in the analysis. Standardisation, feature selection, missing value filling, and outlier rejection were all parts of the data preparation process. Machine learning techniques such as logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, the KNN model, the AdaBoost classifier, the Naive Bayes model, and the XGBoost model were used in the study. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were the only metrics utilised to assess the models' efficacy. The results demonstrate that. The results of this study reveal that diabetes risk may be reliably predicted using machine learning-based models, which has important implications for the early detection and prevention of this illness among PIMA Indians.
Detecting Danger: AI-Enabled Road Crack Detection for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Alisha Raza , Debnarayan Khatua , Rachaita Dutta , Reddy G. Vijendar , John Vivek
Published: October 2023

The present article proposes the deep learning concept termed ―Faster-Region Convolutional Neural Network‖ (Faster-RCNN) technique to detect cracks on road for autonomous cars. Feature extraction, preprocessing, and classification techniques have been used in this study. Several types of image datasets, such as camera images, faster-RCNN laser images, and real-time images, have been considered. With the help of GPU (graphics processing unit), the input image is processed. Thus, the density of the road is measured and information regarding the classification of road cracks is acquired. This model aims to determine road crack precisely as compared to the existing techniques.
LORA Based Forest Fire Monitoring System
Authors: Saida Angotu , Sreedhar Ch. , Samreen  , Mohamma Aleem , Jamal K. , Ghalwan Manish
Published: October 2023

The LoRa-based forest fire monitoring method by using wireless type networks is an IoT system designed to detect and prevent forest fires. The system consists of sensor nodes which are deployed throughout the forest to monitor various environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, wind speed and direction. These sensor nodes are equipped with LoRa radios that enable them to communicate wirelessly with a central gateway. The Gateway gathers the data from the sensor nodes and transmits it to a server in the cloud for processing and analysis. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms to analyse the collected data and detect any anomalies that may indicate the forest fire. In the event of a fire, the system can alert local authorities and fire departments, providing them with real-time information about the location and severity of the fire. This allows for faster response times and more efficient management of the fire. The LoRa-based forest fire prevention system using wireless networks offers several advantages over traditional forest fire detection systems. Its low-power, long-range capabilities enable it to cover large areas, making it ideal for monitoring vast forested areas. Additionally, its wireless connectivity eliminates the need for physical infrastructure such as cables, which can be expensive and time-consuming to install. Overall, the LoRa-based forest fire prevention system using wireless networks is a promising solution for preventing and managing forest fires. Its innovative use of IoT technology and machine learning algorithms can help to reduce the impact of forest fires and protect both human life and the environment.
A comprehensive review on materialistic and sustainable approach for drone sanitizations
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Sharma Kriti , Chaudhary Hema , Khatkar Monika , Batra Vandna , Rama Raju Vijaya , Gopala Krishna P. , Singla Atul , Bhasker Reddy Vijay
Published: October 2023

Military, law enforcement, surveillance, leisure, scientific, and research have benefited from drones. Recent decades have seen considerable advances in aerial robot structure, working method, flying features, and navigation control, notably small UAVs and drones. Their use in civilized places needs regulation. Early covid products delivery and sanitization involved drones. This thorough analysis of UAV applications in numerous domains from respected journals and scientific reports during the past decade. Summary of UAV-based sanitization research inputs. This review helps inexperienced researchers evaluate studies. This concise review of materialistic and sustainable drone sanitization literature is useful for novice researchers and practitioners.
Design of Language Translator Headphone: The Future of Sustainable Communication
Authors: Goyal Lakshay , Arun Mishra Aman , Acharya Puja , Kumar Kaushal , Kirola Madhu , Naga D.S. , Gupta Manish , Sandhya Tuti
Published: October 2023

In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability to overcome language barrier has become a crucial requirement. for effective communication. Language translator headphones have emerged as a promising technological solution to facilitate seamless multilingual conversations. This research paper aims to evaluate their accuracy, usability, and potential impact on communication dynamics. The paper begins by discussing the significance of language translation technology in various domains, such as tourism, business, and diplomacy. It highlights the limitations of traditional translation methods and emphasizes the need for innovative as well as sustainable solutions that can enhance communication efficiency and convenience with the help of raspberry pi as a microcontroller.
Smart Medical Assistance using Soft Computing
Authors: Katikala Hima Bindu , Kumar Kommuri Manoj , Malapati Loshalika Reddy , Bodduluri Venkata Greeshmanth , Krishna Gopal , Ramesh G. , Kaur Namita , Kumar L. Raghu
Published: October 2023

In recent years, in consumer electronics, the Health care system is the most important one to evaluate humans' diverse pathological activities. Collaborating with the biomedical field, electronics can find remedial designs for an artificial implant that functionalizes as a human organ to deal with different prostheses, therapy dialysis, etc., conditions and analyze the neural system responses. Using the advanced technological approach, the desired sub-blocks are to be designed to improve the Implant’s performance, especially in cost & market- production. This paper briefly explains the Bionic hearing-aid Implant recognized as a Cochlear implant and its architecture in.
Determination of the estimated cost based on aggregated unit prices using information modeling (BIM) and text mining technologies
Authors: Maksudovna Vafaeva Khristina , Anatolyevna Gaevskaya Zlata , Dixit Saurav , Kampani Shivani , Prasad G. Venkata Sai , Manaswi V. Ramya , Singla Atul , Kanth M. Lakshmi
Published: October 2023

This article discusses a method for determining the cost of a construction project based on aggregated unit prices based on information modelling and text mining. The features of estimating the cost of investment projects at the pre-project station are indicated, such as high uncertainty of technological and cost parameters, as well as the advantages and prerequisites for the transition to pricing in the system of consolidated unit prices are shown. The authors consider several existing text analysis methodologies and their goals, as well as the algorithms used. The most frequently used tools for solving various Data Mining tasks in research are identified, and the sequence of actions for modeling the estimated cost at aggregated unit prices using information modeling and text mining technologies is also given, since this method provides undeniable advantages in comparison with classical methods.
Artificial Intelligence in Water Desalination: A Novel Approach for Global Sustainability
Authors: Mahadeva Rajesh , Patel Vivek , Ghosh Abhijeet , Dixit Saurav , Suthar Bhivraj , Gupta Vinay , Awaar Vinay Kumar , Bharadwaj Y.V. , Gupta Manish , Haranatti Jagadish Shrisaila , Arora Rishab
Published: October 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an efficient technique frequently used to tackle practical issues in various engineering and medical fields. Apart from different areas, water desalination is essential in surviving humans, animals, and plants. It is a crucial industry for a sustainable planet, and we cannot live without water. As a result, engineers and researchers are quite active in this area. Recent studies based on Elsevier’s Scopus database demonstrate how automation using emerging technologies has enhanced the traditional desalination process. AI offers enormous potential to address numerous problems and real-time optimization procedures. According to Elsevier’s Scopus database, water desalination has extensively used AI optimization tools, especially after 2010, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), genetic algorithms (GA), fuzzy logic, and natural swarm global optimization techniques to improve water quality and quantity. Finally, it was determined that AI technologies would surely pave the way for better operation, water resource management, and process automation in the water sector in an increasingly unstable climate.
Breaking Barriers: Innovative Fabrication Processes for Nanostructured Materials and Nano Devices
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Dixit Saurav , Haq Md. Zia ul , Maksudovna Vafaeva Khristina , Tummala Suresh Kumar , Bobba Phaneendra Babu , Chhabra Soosan , Khatua Debnarayan
Published: October 2023

This study explores the world of nanostructured materials and new production procedures, revealing how they interact to break down obstacles in materials research. We uncover the confluence between theoretical goals and actual reality by investigating manufacturing processes. The study links manufacturing processes to material characteristics, establishing the groundwork for informed applications in electronics, photonics, sensors, and biology. The empirical journey illuminates problems and opportunities, prompting joint efforts to push these frontiers forward. This article is a testimony to nanostructured materials' transformational potential, challenging researchers and dreamers to redefine technological landscapes by using their unique features and inventive production.
From Homogeneity to Heterogeneity: Designing Functionally Graded Materials for Advanced Engineering Applications
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Dixit Saurav , Haq Md. Zia ul , Stefanska Anna , Tummala Suresh Kumar , Bobba Phaneendra Babu , Kaur Namita , Mohiuddin Mohammed Ahmed
Published: October 2023

The research investigates Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) and their transformational potential in modern engineering. FGMs, which exhibit progressive property fluctuations, call into question traditional material consistency. This study analyses the growth of FGMs and their importance in solving complex engineering difficulties through historical analysis and real-world case studies. The research dives into the design concepts, material selection, manufacturing procedures, and sophisticated characterisation methodologies that underpin FGM development from a methodological standpoint. Mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics, in combination with microstructural progression, offer a thorough knowledge of FGM behaviour. The implications for future engineering advances are highlighted, with a focus on the ability to rethink material design and multifunctional performance. Among the many attractive possibilities, issues in scalability, characterisation, and multidisciplinary cooperation need additional investigation. FGMs represent a paradigm shift from homogeneity to targeted heterogeneity, echoing wider shifts in engineering philosophy and influencing technological development.
Revolutionising Heat Treatment: Novel Strategies for Augmented Performance and Sustainability
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Dixit Saurav , Haq Md. Zia ul , Maksudovna Vafaeva Khristina , Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich , Rekha M. , Awaar Vinay Kumar , Singla Atul , Jhade Srinivas
Published: October 2023

This research investigates a paradigm shift in heat treatment practises that is characterised by transformational changes. Despite their widespread use, traditional technologies are often linked to issues such as energy inefficiency, pollution, and material waste. In order to tackle these aforementioned issues, this study explores novel methodologies like high-pressure gas quenching, laser-assisted heat treatment, additive manufacturing for customised microstructures, and ultra-fast induction heating. These methodologies provide not only enhanced material functionality but also environmentally friendly outcomes by means of energy conservation and waste minimization. This study highlights the crucial significance of these breakthroughs in defining a future where improved material qualities align with environmentally responsible practises. It does this by examining their advantages, environmental consequences, and problems in implementation. The use of heat treatment techniques has been shown to significantly boost the performance of materials. This academic study aims to explore the sustainability aspects of heat treatment methods, particularly in comparison to conventional approaches. The focus will be on evaluating the energy efficiency and reduction of material waste associated with a specific heat treatment technique known as high-pressure gas quenching.
Eco-Friendly Building Material Innovation: Geopolymer Bricks from Repurposed Plastic Waste
Authors: Haq Md. Zia ul , Sood Hemant , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Vishal , Kumar Anuj , Srinivas T. , Gulati Monica , Bindu K. Hima , Kumar Kaushal
Published: October 2023

This study compares the ecological footprints of geopolymer and red clay brick prisms, two common building materials for long-lasting masonry structures. The study’s goal is to shed light on the environmental performance of different brick kinds by a thorough review of sustainability indices such as embodied energy, CO2 emissions, water use, and trash creation. The results suggest that geopolymer bricks have better environmental features than red clay bricks, such as lower embodied energy, decreased CO2 emissions, lower water consumption, and less waste creation. These findings underline the promise of geopolymer bricks as an eco-friendlier masonry alternative that may improve green building performance. The report, however, stresses the need to think about more than only environmental damage. The sustainability and feasibility of utilising geopolymer and red clay bricks depend heavily on factors including durability, thermal performance, and cost-effectiveness. In order to make educated selections about brick selection, it is important to evaluate these variables. The results of this study provide the groundwork for more research on sustainable masonry materials and contribute to the development of environmentally aware building practises. Architectural and engineering professionals may encourage environmentally responsible building practises and help create a more sustainable and resilient built environment by taking this study’s findings into account.
Evaluation of battery performance for solar mobile phone charger for rural dweller usage
Authors: Emetere Moses E. , Akuwudike E.C. , Afolalu Sunday A.
Published: October 2023

This research is an initiative to improve the standard of living of rural dwellers and deprived settlements in a semi-urban location where epileptic power supply is predominant. The study is aimed at evaluating battery performance for the construction of a solar-powered mobile charger aimed at improving a steady power supply for electronic devices (phones, tablets, etc.), given the high and increased dependence on such devices in recent times. The solar-powered mobile charger was tested using various batteries available in the Nigerian market to determine the cheapest and most effective device to help rural dwellers. The constructed device was tested via its output voltage, current, time, and temperature. The results were subjected to further analysis by using Matlab and PVeducaction software for presentation and interpretation. The results of the analysis showed an efficiency value of seventy percent (70%) and a standard nominal voltage reading between 3.7 and 4.2 volts (V). The performance of the four batteries used affirmed its basic findings, however, Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) metal (Ni-MH) batteries showed stability among the batterires used. The study recommends the commercialization phase of the construction to improve the living standards of rural dwellers and deprived settlements in a semi-urban location.
Development of Nano – flux powder from bio-waste for welding application
Authors: Afolalu S.A. , Ikumapayi O.M. , Kayode J.F. , Ogedengbe T.S. , Adediran A.A. , Jen T.C. , Akinlabi S.A. , Akinlabi E.T.
Published: October 2023

Oxyacetylene welding is a fast-growing means of joining metals that were developed to address the drawbacks of other welding techniques. The use of chemical compounds known as fluxes in the welding process does this, resulting in improved weld characteristics and increased weld depth. Chemical synthesis was used to create a new nanoparticle flux powder from Egg shell powder for this research. The powder was studied micro-structurally and spectroscopically using SEM, TEM, FTIR, and EDS techniques, and it was discovered to be a compound made up of 57.31 % calcium, 12.31 % sodium, and 6.86 % carbon. The flux was tested on, 8 mm mild steel rods, 3 pcs each of 10 x 10 mm and 50 x 50 mm galvanized steel plates, utilizing oxyacetylene welding techniques. 50 x 50 mm mild steel plates and galvanized steel plates Control samples were made utilizing the oxyacetylene welding techniques with and without the use of a flux (Easy-Flo powder). The mild steel welds generated with the created flux were found to be harder, with hardness values of 98.45 and 115.78 BHN for oxyacetylene welding procedures, respectively. Welds produced without flux powder were able to withstand higher loads than the welds produced using the other methods of welds produced with the developed flux.
Development and Optimization of Multi Point Cutting Tool from Recycled Steel using Agrowaste as Case Hardening
Authors: Afolalu Sunday Adeiran , Ogedengbe Temitayo Samson , Ikumapayi Omolayo Michael , Emetere Moses Eterigho , Oyebode Oluwadare Joshua
Published: October 2023

This research created a cutting tool made of recycled steel, palm kernel shell and alloy additives. Scrapped crankshaft and rod (100 kg) containing 0.5607% carbon were charged into an electric induction furnace with a maximum temperature of 3000℃ for melting. Before and after melting, the chemical composition of the charged components was determined using a UV-VIS spectrometer. Alloy additives were added in order to meet the carbon and other elements content of high Speed Steel materials. Samples were pulverized with carbon and heat treated. The performance of developed tool was evaluated using wear rate, toughness and micro structural analysis respectively. High proportion of carbide and strengthened martensite were obtained from the microstructure. The tool’s surface hardness and micro-hardness were 76.8 and 47.9 HB, respectively, while that of the control sample’s were 76.3 and 46.1 HB. Minimum wear rate and toughness of the 1ool were 1095x10-8m2/N and 15.01 J, while those of the control sample were 1.127x10-8 Cm2/N and 17 J respectively.
The Progress in Using 3-D Printing Wastes Towards a Circular Economy
Authors: Dinka Megersa , Nyika Joan
Published: October 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a growing technology due to its ability to improve contemporary production techniques. However, resultant waste from the involved processes is a growing concern. In this mini-review, we explore on the strategies that can be employed to incorporate 3D printing waste and in particular, plastics in a circular economy (CE) to reduce and alleviate their negative environmental effects. Linking CE into AM in this context is a new tendency aimed at promoting eco-friendliness considering the negative pollution effects of plastics particularly, the polymers used in 3D printing. The field is less explored hence the novelty in this mini-review. Some of the proposed CE strategies possible to apply in AM include, recycling, refurbishing, recycling, remanufacturing, repurposing, reuse and reinventing associated products. The raw materials used, product-use and product effects can be modified to enhance reductive, avoidance and restorative tendencies. The waste could also be used directly, reprocessed or chemically recycled to prevent its pollution threat. Evidently, the potential to incorporate CE in AM is huge and should be prioritized for sustainable production processes.
Trends in characterization and analysis of TKA implants for 3D printing
Authors: Dasharath R. , Narayana Yeole Shivraj , Prakash Kode Jaya , Pothula Narendra
Published: October 2023

In almost every country, knee joint problems are common among humans. As per American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, it is estimated that 3.5 million individuals in the world will undergo knee replacement surgery by 2030. People with advanced rheumatoid arthritis, or long-standing osteoarthritis are usually affected by this deformity due to changes in lifestyle. These conditions mainly affect middle-aged and elderly individuals with osteoarthritis or severe knee injuries. These problems can be overcome with the help of total knee implants by undergoing surgical procedures for providing relaxation & comfort to the knee joint. These procedures are also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). TKA is an ancient surgical process employed for treating intracapsular knee joint arthritis. It is promising technique greatly augmenting a patient’s standard of life. The main components of TKA are femoral and tibial components, spacer, and patellar components respectively. Materials often used in these components include titanium, Ti6Al4V, cobalt-chromium alloys, polyethylene and bio compatible materials. 3D printing of TKA implants is a recent avenue being explored by researchers in an attempt to develop a better replacement for the conventional implants for providing comfort to the patients. This paper presents thorough assessment of research trends in mechanical characterization and finite element analysis of knee joint prosthetics, especially TKA implants for 3D printing.
Numerical Analysis of Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Generation System
Authors: Indirapriyadarsini Ch. , Rao V.V.R. Seshagiri , Devi P. Anjani
Published: October 2023

The Solar and wind energy produce fluctuated output energy when used individually and does not ensure the base size of power continuously required by the center of load. There is a necessity of hybridization of energy sources that is feasible in terms of efficiency and economy. The combination of solar with wind energy is one of the best proven technology either with battery mode or stand alone grid connection. Benefits of utilizing hybrid solar wind turbine are manifold This paper focusses on the designing of hybrid solar wind turbine system for the power generation from solar and wind renewable sources for household purpose in the remote areas that are connected to grid. An investigation is done on the solar and wind energy harness in a required geographic space’s weather data collection of solar radiation and wind speed at respective location from India. Numerical analysis of hybrid solar wind turbine, was conducted with separate standalone system due to the constraint of simulation tool. Simulations of Wind Turbine is done by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that is found based on velocity of wind. The simulated result which is converted from kinetic form of mechanical energy that converted to electrical energy using analytical formulas. The data for simulation was collected from National thermal power corporation, Ramagundam , Indian Meteorological Department.
Reduction in Mode-I SIF of an Edge Cracked C-Shaped Specimen Using Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Pattanayak Sourav , Pohit Goutam
Published: October 2023

The focus of the current research is on the feasibility of an adhesively bound piezoelectric actuator in the active repair of an edge-cracked C-shaped specimen. First, only constant uniaxial tensile loading is used to determine the Mode-I stress intensity factor. The Mode-I stress intensity factor is then examined while taking into account the actuation effect provided by the piezoelectric patch when an external voltage is applied. For an edge-cracked C-shaped specimen, the total stress intensity factor is determined analytically using the concept of the superposition principle of the linear-elastic crack problem. The outcome demonstrates a considerable decrease in the Mode-I stress intensity factor following active repair using the piezoelectric actuator. Parametric analysis has been carried out to comprehend repair performance and choose the best-sized actuators for active repair.
Mechanical properties of stainless steel by using high temperature microhardness tester
Authors: Passilly Bruno , Quelquejeu Ariane , Kardache Amélie
Published: October 2023

In the aeronautical field, materials are used in severe environmental conditions (temperature, atmosphere), particularly for engine applications. In order to qualify new alloys compositions, ONERA is developing micromechanical characterization means to carry out indentation tests from room temperature up to 700 °C under conditions close to operating conditions. This method presents the interest of performing tests faster than classical mechanical tests like tensile or bending tests under severe conditions and with small amounts of materials. In order to carry out screening tests, a 316L stainless steel is studied and the evolution of hot Vickers hardness properties and yield stress versus temperature are presented. By increasing the applied load from 0.1 to 20 N, we show that we can neglect surface microstructural changes or possible contamination of the sample surface by oxidation. We show that from 0.5 N, the hardness measurement is independent of load on 316L stainless steel. By using Tabor’s law to express the mechanical resistance, we show that the hardness decreases by 50% when the test temperature goes from 20 to 700 °C, which is close to the supplier’s values. A discussion on the use of indentation to determine mechanical resistance and the limitations of this technique is presented. In perspective, these measurements could be carried out at 1000 °C and on many different materials such as layers, coatings, composite materials, brazing cords or additive manufacturing materials.
Patient radiation doses from adult CT examinations at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital
Authors: EL Fahssi M. , Semghouli S. , Amaoui B. , Jroundi L. , Çaoui M.
Published: October 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess patient radiation doses, and to establish diagnostic reference levels for Adult CT examinations at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital, Morocco.

Method: Data from 6 CT examinations were collected between January and June 2023 at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital, including patient age, sex, weight, and height, as well as scanner acquisition parameters such as the number of series, use of contrast media, rotation time plus slice thickness, the displayed Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol), and the Dose Length Product (DLP). Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) were calculated for each type of CT examination by estimating the 75% percentile of CTDIvol and DLP. The effective dose is calculated using the following formula: E(mSv) = EDLP × DLP (mGy.cm). The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software.

Results: DRLs in terms of CTDIvol, and DLP for the brain without contrast media are 64,45 mGy, and 1405,77 mGy.cm respectively. For chest CT without contrast media, they are 11,13 mGy, and 417,73 mGy.cm respectively. The data from the abdominal CT show that the CTDIvol (9,74 mGy) and DLP (529,31 mGy.cm) values with contrast media are higher than those without contrast media, which are (9,35 mGy) and (515,21 mGy.cm) respectively. DRls in terms of CTDIvol and DLP for abdomen and pelvis (AP) CT with contrast media are 8,14 mGy and 444,51 mGy.cm respectively. For chest abdomen and pelvis (CAP) with contrast media they are 8,51 mGy, and 571,30 mGy.cm respectively. The effective doses were 2,37, 6,50, 6,24, 6,76, 5,07, 7,13 mSv for the brain without contrast media, chest without contrast media, abdomen without contrast media, abdomen with contrast media, AP with contrast media, and CAP respectively.

Conclusion: Adapting CT protocols according to the morphology of patients and the conditions under which each examination is performed can help maintain the doses received by patients at an optimum level.
Perspectives of Evidence-Based Therapy Management
Authors: Kiessling Fabian , Schulz Volkmar
Published: October 2023

Background Therapeutics that specifically address biological processes often require a much finer selection of patients and subclassification of diseases. Thus, diagnostic procedures must describe the diseases in sufficient detail to allow selection of appropriate therapy and to sensitively track therapy response. Anatomical features are often not sufficient for this purpose and there is a need to image molecular and pathophysiological processes.

Method Two imaging strategies can be pursued: molecular imaging attempts to image a few biomarkers that play key roles in pathological processes. Alternatively, patterns describing a biological process can be identified from the synopsis of multiple (non-specific) imaging markers, possibly in combination with omics and other clinical findings. Here, AI-based methods are increasingly being used.

Results Both strategies of evidence-based therapy management are explained in this review article and examples and clinical successes are presented. In this context, reviews of clinically approved molecular diagnostics and decision support systems are listed. Furthermore, since reliable, representative, and sufficiently large datasets are further important prerequisites for AI-assisted multiparametric analyses, concepts are presented to make data available in a structured way, e. g., using Generative Adversarial Networks to complement databases with virtual cases and to build completely anonymous reference databases.

Conclusion Molecular imaging and computer-assisted cluster analysis of diagnostic data are complementary methods to describe pathophysiological processes. Both methods have the potential to improve (evidence-based) the future management of therapies, partly on their own but also in combined approaches.

Key Points:
Plastic versus metal stents for transmural drainage of walled-off necrosis with significant solid debris: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kakadiya Rinkal , Muktesh Gaurav , Samanta Jayanta , Mandavdhare Harshal S , Gupta Pankaj , Shah Jimil , Sarma Phulen , Gupta Vikas , Yadav Thakur Deen , Jena Anuraag , Sharma Vishal , Kochhar Rakesh
Published: October 2023

Background and study aims Recently, larger-caliber metal stents have been increasingly used, resulting in higher efficacy in walled-off necrosis (WON) with more solid debris. However, none of the trials have included WON with significant solid debris. The aim of this study was to compare plastic stents and metal stents for drainage of symptomatic WON with significant solid debris (≥20%).

Patients and methods We conducted a single-center, open-label, noninferiority trial including 48 patients. The primary endpoint was treatment success. Secondary outcomes were technical success, total number of procedures, adverse events (AEs), duration of procedure, and treatment failure. All the outcomes were assessed at 3 weeks after drainage. Patients were followed up for 3 months to assess recurrence.

Results Treatment succeeded in 21 of 24 patients (87.5%) and 20
of 24 patients (83.3%) in the metal and plastic stent groups, respectively with P=1.05 (95% confidence interval 0.81–1.39). Assuming 10%
non-inferiority margin, P<0.001 for non-inferiority, suggesting
that plastic stents are non-inferior to metal stents. The technical success rate was 100%.
Procedure duration was significantly shorter in the metal stent group (12.95±5.3 minutes
versus 29.77±6.6 minutes, P<0.001). The number of total
procedures was comparable (2.8±1 vs 2.2±1, P=0.097). There were
more minor AEs in plastic stent arm but no significant difference between the two groups. A
single asymptomatic recurrence was observed in the metal stent arm.

Conclusions Plastic stents are not inferior to metal stents for WON drainage with significant solid debris. However, larger sample-size studies are needed to make definite conclusions.
Clinical and Laboratory Presentation and Underlying Mechanism in Patients with Low VWF
Authors: Seidizadeh Omid , Ciavarella Alessandro , Baronciani Luciano , Boggio Federico , Ballardini Francesco , Cozzi Giovanna , Colpani Paola , Pagliari Maria Teresa , Novembrino Cristina , Siboni Simona Maria , Peyvandi Flora
Published: October 2023

Background Low von Willebrand factor (VWF) refers to subjects with plasma levels of 30 to 50 IU/dL. The mechanism of low VWF is poorly understood. We chose to determine the clinical presentation, laboratory phenotype, and underlying mechanisms of low VWF.

Material and Methods We included 250 patients characterized with low VWF. The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT) was used to assess clinical symptoms. To determine the underlying mechanisms of low VWF, we used as markers the VWF propeptide (VWFpp) assay and FVIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio for VWF synthesis and the VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio for VWF clearance. Results were compared with those of 120 healthy controls. Cases with abnormal screening tests were further evaluated for coagulation factor levels and platelet disorders.

Results The median age of the cohort was 35 years (range 3–85), 21% were children (n = 53), 34% were adult males (n = 85), and 45% (n = 112) were adult females. According to the ISTH-BAT, abnormal bleeding was found in 35% of children, 47% of males, and 49% of females. No association was found between VWF activity levels and ISTH-BAT. Patients showed an overall decreased VWF synthesis/secretion and an enhanced VWF clearance was identified in 33% of them. In 89 patients (36%), there were other hemostasis-related defects, but there was no difference in the ISTH-BAT between the two groups.

Conclusion Our findings indicate that reduced VWF synthesis/secretion and enhanced VWF clearance are major mechanisms of low VWF levels. Patients with low VWF have significant bleeding manifestations. While other hemostasis defects occurred together with low VWF, this combination did not exacerbate clinical symptoms.
Phenanthro[9,10‑d]imidazoles: An Unexpected Synthetic Route
Authors: Kirsch Stefan F. , Springer Bastian L. , Holzschneider Kristina , Mohr Fabian
Published: October 2023

A new synthetic route for the synthesis of phenanthro[9,10‑d]imidazoles is described. Through aminolysis of easily accessible 10,10-diazidophenanthren-9(10H)-one with nucleophilic amines, a self-condensation is triggered that results in the formation of the target phenanthro[9,10‑d]imidazoles. The molecular structures were studied by X-ray single crystallography, and the optical properties of the material are described.
Changes in Auditory Evoked Potentials Increase the Chances of Adults Having Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Authors: Pelaquim Andressa , Sanfins Milaine Dominici , Fornazieri Marco Aurélio
Published: October 2023

Introduction Auditory evoked potentials are widely used in clinical practice to complement the assessment of central auditory processing. However, it is necessary to understand whether these potentials are highly accurate, to assist in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder.

Objective To measure the accuracy of middle and long latency auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder in adults.

Methods This is a case-control study, formed by a control group of 30 individuals with normal auditory processing assessment, and a case group composed of 43 individuals with altered auditory processing assessment. Their sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of alterations were measured and compared between the potentials.

Results The accuracies of the middle and long latency potentials were 51% and 67%, respectively. The P1-N1-P2 and N2-P300 complexes had an accuracy of 57.5% and 58.9%, respectively. The cognitive potential P300 showed an accuracy of 55%. There was no significant result for the middle-latency potential (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6–5.4, p > 0.42) and for P300 (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 0.85–8.43, p > 0.11). However, the result was significant for the long-latency potential (OR = 6.3; 95% CI: 2–19.6, p < 0.01). There was a significant result for the P1-N1-P2 complexes (OR = 6.76, 95% CI:1.4–32.5, p = < 0.010) and N2-P300 (OR = 3.60; 95% CI: 10.16–11.20, p < 0.039).

Conclusion Individuals with altered long-latency auditory evoked potential are more likely to have auditory processing disorder and, as such, this test can be used as a complementary tool to confirm the diagnosis.
Up, Up, and Above—Tumor Thrombus in RCC
Authors: Periaswamy Gopinath , Christopher Navya , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Renganathan Rupa , Mehta Pankaj , Cherian Mathew
Published: October 2023

Intravascular tumor thrombosis is most commonly encountered in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which alters the staging and prognosis of malignancies, indicating an advanced stage of malignancy, which can be surgically challenging during treatment course. Imaging plays a vital role in the detection of tumor thrombus and in differentiating it from bland thrombus. The Mayo Clinic thrombus classification is widely used to describe levels of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVC-TT) in patients with locally advanced RCC. In this article, we review the classification, guidelines, and recent diagnostic tools for RCC with IVC tumor thrombi, and mention about the various surgical approaches for each stage of tumor thrombi.
When Friend Becomes Foe: Complications of Fibroadenoma Imaging Spectrum
Authors: Kar Pallavi , Arora Jyoti
Published: October 2023

Fibroadenoma are the most common benign breast lesions. Complications in fibroadenoma although rare in occurrence, are reported. It is important to be aware of the possible complications, both benign and malignant which may require surgical management. Commonly encountered benign complications in a fibroadenoma are infarction, rapid increase in size, and lactational changes. A common differential of a giant fibroadenoma is phyllodes tumor which has subtle imaging differences. Malignant transformation of a fibroadenoma is very rare although cases are reported (0.02%). Breast is a dynamic organ and is influenced by the hormone surges occurring typically during pregnancy and lactation, it causes changes in morphology of prior existing fibroadenoma which may mimic like a malignancy and hence knowledge of these benign complications in a fibroadenoma is also important. To identify the subtle radiologic imaging features which may suggest complication developing in a known fibroadenoma, prompting for a histopathological examination correlation. In this article, we discuss the imaging features of complications in a fibroadenoma—benign and malignant. Sinister etiology secondarily engulfing a fibroadenoma and sinister focus developing in a fibroadenoma will be discussed. Also, the benign complications in a fibroadenoma like lactational changes, spontaneous infarction within a fibroadenoma, and excessive increase in the size of fibroadenoma with degenerative changes due to the estrogen and progesterone effect which can mimic like a malignancy will be illustrated. A careful history, meticulous scanning, close monitoring, and histopathological correlation is invaluable to identify these complications in a known fibroadenoma and thus guide in the appropriate management of these lesions.
Correlation between Cranial Base, Mandible, and Hyoid Bone Position in Different Anteroposterior Skeletal Malocclusions: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Sadik Jaffer , Shetty Akhil
Published: October 2023

Background Development of malocclusion can be promptly recognized through an understanding of the optimal position of the bone structures in the orofacial system and their relationship to the cranial base and jaw base. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the cranial base, mandible, and hyoid bone in different anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals aged between 15 and 30 years. The subjects were classified using Burstone's analysis into three groups based on the N perpendicular to point A and N perpendicular to point B. The collected lateral cephalograms of the selected individuals were analyzed using Nemoceph v.12 software (Nemotec, Spain). The nasion-sella-articulare (NSAr), hyoidale angle (C3HyD), sella-articulare-hyoid angle (SArHy), and nasion-sella-hyoid (NSHy) angles were measured and compared among all the three groups.

Results In the present study, considering the various angles among the three study groups, a statistically significant difference was observed for the SArHy angle (p < 0.05). However, the saddle angle (NSAr) and hyoidale angle (C3HyD) showed no statistically significant difference between the three study groups. Post hoc Bonferroni test was applied to compare the differences between two groups. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between class I and class II and between class II and class III groups.

Conclusion Though the findings of the present study concluded that there is no variation in saddle angle among the three groups, the significant association of SArHy angle among class I, class II, and class III skeletal relationships, suggests an adaptation of the hyoid bone position in various skeletal patterns. We also suggest that the posterior positioning of the hyoid bone is related to skeletal class II malocclusion, whereas a forward positioning of the hyoid bone is related to skeletal class III malocclusion.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Homoeopathic Dilutions of Myristica sebifera against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Shaw Niharika , Singh Supriya , Paul Subhrajit , V. Kumaravel , M. Raja
Published: October 2023

Background The Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) has trend of increasing morbidity and mortality affecting the management of variety of infectious disorders in humans. Our skin is native to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is also a frequent source of infections in both the general population and healthcare settings. On the other side, Myristica sebifera is known for its great antiseptic activity in Homoeopathy.

Objective This study was aimed to explore the phytoconstituents & antimicrobial activity of Homoeopathic preparation of Myristica sebifera 12C, 30C & 200C.

Materials and Methods Myristica sebifera 12C, 30C & 200C were tested for identification of its phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activity was evaluated following Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion (KBDD) method according to clinical and laboratory standard (CLSIM44 A) with slight modifications. The diameter of zone of inhibition was measured and compared with Gentamicin (Positive Control) & Alcohol (62% & 91% as Negative Controls). The experiment was performed thrice to check the accuracy and reproducibility.

Result Myristica sebifera 12C & 30C showed maximum zone of inhibition up to (10.33 ± 1.52 & 11.67 ± 1.52 respectively) against Staphylococcus aureus when compared to control (Alcohol 62% & 91%) as 6.00 ± 0.00.

Conclusion Phytochemical studies showed presence of alkaloids and carbohydrate in Myristica sebifera 12C and 30C. The maximum percentage of zone of inhibition (94%) was found in Myristica sebifera 30C followed by Myristica sebifera 12C (72%). This antimicrobial study suggests that Myristica sebifera 12C & 30C could be helpful for treating the disorders caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
The factors affecting people’s willingness in participating in and paying for upgrading their seats from the economy class to the premium class
Authors: Kuo Chung-Wei , Jou Rong-Chang , Chiu Yi-Chun
Published: October 2023

As information technology develops rapidly and network information becomes more and more transparent, it is urgent for airlines to increase their flight carrying rates through marketing to maximize profits before take-off. While the seat bidding strategy has been one of the business models adopted by many airlines in recent years, it has not been implemented yet in Taiwan’s airlines. In order to understand the seat bidding behavior of passengers, this study adopted the double-hurdle model to explore the factors affecting passengers’ participation in seat bidding and calculated the prices they were willing to pay. Moreover, this study investigated the effects of long and short flight distances on passengers’ participation in seat bidding and the prices they were willing to pay for either flight distance. According to the results, the factors affecting the participation of passengers in seat bidding were different for long-distance and short-distance trips, while a common factor between them was that young people and passengers with preliminary knowledge of such activities were more willing to participate. According to the analysis on the prices people were willing to pay, the price difference that passengers of long-haul flights and short-haul flights were willing to pay for upgrades was about 55 and 24% of the reference price, respectively. The information obtained in this study can serve as a reference for future research or for airlines.
Concave-convex effect of financial resilience on corporate financial performance: quantile regression approach
Authors: Zhang XueHui , Wu Kun-Shan , He Mingwen
Published: October 2023

This study not only aims to elucidate the curvilinear nexus between financial resilience (FR) and corporate financial performance (CFP) by drawing on the ‘too much of a good thing (TMGT)’ and ‘too little of a good thing (TLGT)’ effect but also attempts to examine whether the nonlinear relationship explains the conflicts found in previous findings. Data were analyzed from Taiwan publicly listed manufacturing firms amid the COVID-19 epidemic. Quantile regression approach results evidence that relationship between FR and CFP is of a concave-convex pattern. Moreover, the environmentally sensitive and non-sensitive firms are linked to CFP differently. The nexus between FR and CFP is concave for the environmentally sensitive firms, whereas the FR-CFP nexus is concave-convex for the environmentally non-sensitive firms. Overall, Taiwan’s manufacturing firms should carefully evaluate how capital is allocated to FR to avoid under- or over-investment in FR.
Different linearizations of non-abelian second Painlevé systems and related monodromy surfaces
Authors: Bobrova I. A.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we discuss a connection between different linearizations for non-abelian analogs of the second Painlevé equation. For each of the analogs, we listed the pairs of the Harnard–Tracy–Widom (HTW), Flaschka–Newell (FN), and Jimbo–Miwa (JM) types. A method for establishing the HTW-JM correspondence is suggested. For one of the non-abelian analogs, we derive the corresponding non-abelian generalizations of the monodromy surfaces related to the FN- and JM-type linearizations. A natural Poisson structure associated with these monodromy surfaces is also discussed.