bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az időbeni pénzáramok kezelése a gazdasági számításokban
Authors: Kovács Árpád Endre , Szalay Zsigmond Gábor , Klárné Barta Éva
Published: August 2016

A befektetések, beruházások gazdasági megítélése: A legjobb döntés meghozatalához rengeteg szakértelem, de emellett intuíció és kockázatválla-ló készség szükséges. E tényezők jó része nem számszerűsíthető vagy szubjektív dolog. A ráérzések megerősítéséhez, a megbizonyosodáshoz és a döntéshozatalhoz viszont a rendelkezésre álló információk összegyűjtése, feldolgozása szükséges. A következőkben azok a módszerek kerülnek bemutatásra, amelyek segítségével a befektetési lehetőségek közül kiválasztható a leggazdaságosabb, és a "még kezelhető kockázattal" megvalósítható. Az ismertetésre kerülő számítások az üzleti tervek, megvalósíthatósági tanulmányok, privatizációs ajánlatok valamint banki hitelpályázatok pénzügyi fejezetének elkészítéséhez nyújtanak segítséget.
The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jarero Ignacio , Artigas Lucina , Uribe Susana , García Laura Evelyn
Published: August 2016

Experiencing cancer is a peculiar stressor within the infrastructure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because this debilitating disease involves ongoing stressors and is both acute and potentially chronic. The experience can include a wide range of associated adverse events, such as tumor detection, diagnosis, severity of disease, and prognosis; aggressive treatment; disfigurement and bodily dysfunction; side effects of treatment; impaired physical, social, and occupational functioning; and sometimes, recurrence and diagnosis of terminal illness. This article provides a detailed description of the clinical application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) Adapted for Adolescents and Adults Living with Ongoing Traumatic Stress for the patients with cancer. This protocol administers the eight phases of EMDR individual treatment to a group of patients using an art therapy format (i.e., drawings) and the butterfly hug (a self-administered bilateral stimulation method to process traumatic material). A previous study (Jarero et al., 2015) showed that after 6 sessions of EMDR-IGTP, there was a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms related to the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer in adult women. Effects were maintained at 90-day follow-up. In this article, we discuss how this protocol can be used to effectively provide intensive EMDR treatment to large groups of patients, and we provide detailed instructions for its provision to address one of the major psychological dimensions of cancer: the ongoing traumatic stress responses experienced by patients with cancer. A clinical example illustrates the treatment process.
STATUS REPRODUKSI IKAN GABUS, Channa striata Blkr (Reproduction status snakehead, Channa striata)
Authors: Bijaksana Untung
Published: August 2016

Research aimed to evaluate the reproduction status of snakehead in concrete tank  and in natural swamp aquatic. Seven indicators can be made by knowing the snakehead status indicator reproduction so that breeding manipulation in concrete tank can be done. The seven indicators were gonadosomatic indexs, hevatosomatic indexs, body weight, liver weight, gonade weight, egg diameter, fecundity and estradiol-17β concentrations. Result measurement of the gonadosomatic indexs of the snakehead in natural swamp aquatic show in Agust month was 3,3 ± 0.09 and hevatosomatic indexs was 1,1 ± 0.05 in Agust month. For gonadosomatic indexs and  hevatosomatic indexs in concrete tank in April month was 3.6 ± 0.09 and Januari month was 1.0 ± 0.08, respectively. Result of measurement the fecundity and egg diameter of the snakehead in concrete tank in Pebruary month was 2978.3 ± 7.64 and 1.3 ± 0.00 mm respectively, The fecundity and egg diameter of the snakehead in natural swamp aquatic in Januari month was 3080.0 ± 7.91 and Nopember and December was 1.5 ± 0.04 mm respectively. The estradiol-17β concentration of the snakehead in swamp aquatic show the higest concentration in natural aquatic. Average concentration estradiol-17β in natural aquatic in Juni month was 85.3 ± 9.37 pg/ml until December was 169.2 ± 6.22 pg/ml. In concrete tank from 80.5 ± 5.17 pg/ml in Juli until  118.3 ± 6.78 pg/ml in April. In general it is concluded that the reproduction status of snakehead was similar  between in concrete tank and natural swamp aquatic. Enviroment ”trigger” was the limited factor in finally gonade maturation.
Operator-Based Robust Nonlinear Control Design of a Robot Arm with Micro-Hand
Authors: Ma Zhengxiang ,   School of Electric Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Wang Aihui , Chen Tiejun ,   School of Electric and Information Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/14.jpg' width='300' text='Robot arm with micro-hand system' ] This work focuses on a robust nonlinear control design of a robot arm with micro-hand (RAMH) by using operator-based robust right coprime factorization (RRCF) approach. In the proposed control system, we can control the endpoint position of robot arm and obtain the desired force of micro-hand to perform a task, and a miniature pneumatic curling soft (MPCS) actuator which can generate bidirectional curling motions in different positive and negative pressures is used to develop the fingers of micro-hand. In detail, to control successively the precise position of robot arm and the desired force of three fingers according to the external environment or task involved, this paper proposes a double-loop feedback control architecture using operator-based RRCF approach. First, the inner-loop feedback control scheme is designed to control the angular position of the robot arm, the operator controllers and the tracking controller are designed, and the robust stability and tracking conditions are derived. Second, the complex stable inner-loop and micro-hand with three fingers are viewed as two right factorizations separately, a robust control scheme using operator-based RRCF approach is presented to control the fingers forces, and the robust tracking conditions are also discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control system is verified by experimental and simulation results.
Variation in Seed Protein Concentration and Seed Size Affects Soybean Crop Growth and Development
Authors: Poeta Florencia , Borrás Lucas , Rotundo José L.
Published: August 2016

Developing high protein (HP) cultivars is often precluded by the inverse relationship between protein and yield. We hypothesized that attaining HP concentration based on contrasting seed size impacts crop growth and development differently. We screened 97 soybean genotypes and found lines with HP concentration (∼450 g kg−1) associated with (i) increased protein content (mg seed−1) in large seed genotypes, and (ii) reduced oil and carbohydrate contents in small seed ones. Then, we evaluated different growth traits in a subset of three HP large and three HP small seed genotypes, as well as in three high‐yielding genotypes with average seed size and protein concentration. High‐yielding genotypes showed higher leaf area duration and harvest index when compared with HP genotypes, regardless of seed size. High protein large seed was associated with more assimilate availability per seed during seed filling, while HP small seed showed higher leaf area at the beginning of seed fill, more canopy biomass production, and very low levels of assimilate per seed. Results show that selecting for seed protein concentration can impact crop growth and development differently, depending on the strategy used for selection in terms of seed size. These findings, if utilized for parental selection, might contribute to eliminating negative correlations between seed protein and yield, since these strategies may be under different genetic control and/or determine different biophysical constraints.
Polyaspartate Urea and Nitrogen Management Affect Nonstructural Carbohydrates and Yield of Rice
Authors: Deng Fei , Wang Li , Mei Xiu‐Feng , Li Shu‐Xian , Pu Shi‐Lin , Ren Wan‐Jun
Published: August 2016

In rice (Oryza sativa L.), nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) play an important role in grain yield. To investigate the effects of urea type (polyaspartate urea versus conventional urea) and N management method (farmer's fertilizer practice and optimized N management) on NSC accumulation and remobilization in rice, field experiments were conducted in Wenjiang, China, in 2014 and 2015. Grain yield, effective panicles, and total number of spikelets were positively related to NSC accumulation in aboveground parts and remobilization of stored NSC (RSN) in the stem plus sheath from 20 d after heading to maturity. Polyaspartate urea, in place of conventional urea, increased NSC accumulation in the leaf lamina and the stem plus sheath at the heading stage and promoted RSN in the stem plus sheath from 20 d after heading to maturity, improving grain yield and total aboveground biomass. Compared with farmer's fertilizer practice, optimized N management showed a 5% reduction in NSC accumulation in the stem plus sheath from planting to heading and a 22% decrease in RSN in the stem plus sheath from heading to 20 d after. Optimized N management increased RSN in the stem plus sheath from 20 d after heading to maturity, increasing NSC accumulation in the panicle and grain yield. Using polyaspartate urea with optimized N management may indeed be a practical and feasible way to enhance grain yield of rice in subtropical humid monsoon climates.
Heat Unit Accumulation and Days to Anthesis Relationship in Tobacco Genotypes with an Introgressed QTL Affecting Leaf Number
Authors: Wells Randy , Eickholt David P.J. , Lewis Ramsey , Vann Matthew C. , Fisher Loren R.
Published: August 2016

Plant breeders and crop managers would benefit from an increased ability to predict the requirements for onset of anthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). This study was performed to determine the relationship in the field between heat unit (HU) accumulation and the onset of anthesis in tobacco genotypes varying for the zygosity of an introgressed quantitative trait loci (QTL) designated as Many Leaves (Ml) affecting flowering team and leaf number. Three commercially important cultivars or breeding lines (Speight 168, K326, and NCTG‐61), their nearly isogenic homozygous (MlMl) and heterozygous (Mlml) counterparts, and three BC6F3 null‐segregant (mlml) lines, were evaluated at three locations and over 2 yr. Days to anthesis (DTA) and HU accumulation were determined. In each environment, the MlMl, Mlml, and mlml genotypes were found to be grouped according to the zygosity of the Ml trait, with the mlml genotypes flowering first followed by Mlml and MlMl genotypes, respectively. An exception to this trend was Speight 168 MlMl, which consistently fell within the Mlml grouping for DTA. No consistent relationships were observed between HU and DTA, which was highly variable among environments. Integrated HU (area under the HU curve) during the 28 d after transplanting (DAT) was positively associated (R2 = 0.98; P = 0.0001) with the range of DTA among all genotypes. Integrated HU was a better indicator of the pattern of HU attainment than merely the amount. Early HU exposure seemed important in determining the range in DTA amongst the genotypes examined.
Umakhweyane: A Musical bow and its contribution to Zulu music
Authors: Dargie Dave
Published: August 2016

Nearly all musical bows used in the indigenous music of southern Africa are single string melody instruments. The player uses the overtones of the string to produce melody. This is done in various ways according to how the bows are constructed, what sort of resonator is used, and how the bow is played. Some bows have an attached resonator, with others the player uses her/his mouth as resonator. Bows may be played by percussion (striking the string), by plucking, and by friction (rubbing the string or the bow stick).
Следующий шаг в лечении хронической болезни почек
Authors: Ivanov D.D.
Published: August 2016

Ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента/блокаторы рецепторов ангиотензина составляют основу ренопротекторной терапии хронической болезни почек. По мере снижения скорости клубочковой фильтрации увеличивается активность симпатической нервной системы, утрачивается количество функционирующих нефронов, что требует изменения тактики лечения. Снижение риска кардиоваскулярных событий, реализующихся на фоне возрастающей гипертензии, вероятно, диктует необходимость приоритетного назначения симпатолитиков, блокаторов кальциевых каналов и отказа от ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента/блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина. Тактика ­БРИМОНЕЛ — БР(А)И(АПФ)МО(ксонидин)НЕ(биволол)Л(еркани­ди­пин) меняется на МНЕЛД — М(оксонидин)НЕ(биволол)Л(ерканидипин)Д(иуретик), что используется нами на протяжении последних лет. Допускается сочетанное использование торасемида и ксипамида. Отмена ингибитора ангиотензинпревращающего фермента/блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина требует доказательных данных, которые, возможно, будут получены в исследовании STOP-ACEi.
Renal Involvement at Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Authors: Bevzenko T.B.
Published: August 2016

The aim of the work was to evaluate the frequency and nature of renal lesion in patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. According to clinical, laboratory and sonographic data renal damage is observed in 2/3 of the number of patients that is associated with the presence of the pathology of myocardium, joints, lungs and peripheral nervous system, with the severity of integrated extrarenal signs of the disease, and kidney failure is diagnosed in every second observation, nephrotic syndrome — in every sixth one. Morphological lesion of glomeruli, tubules and stroma of the kidneys resembles primary mesangioproliferative or mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis with severe tubulointerstitial component. Renal function and the rate of progression of nephropathy influence the levels of high molecular weight proteins in the urine (fibronectin, b2-microglobulin) and nitrogen products (uric acid, nitrites), as well as physical and chemical surface features of urine.
Sustained low rotavirus activity and hospitalisation rates in the post-vaccination era in Belgium, 2007 to 2014
Authors: Sabbe Martine , Berger Nicolas , Blommaert Adriaan , Ogunjimi Benson , Grammens Tine , Callens Michiel , Van Herck Koen , Beutels Philippe , Van Damme Pierre , Bilcke Joke
Published: August 2016

In 2006, Belgium was the first country in the European Union to recommend rotavirus vaccination in the routine infant vaccination schedule and rapidly achieved high vaccine uptake (86–89% in 2007). We used regional and national data sources up to 7 years post-vaccination to study the impact of vaccination on laboratory-confirmed rotavirus cases and rotavirus-related hospitalisations and deaths. We showed that (i) from 2007 until 2013, vaccination coverage remained at 79–88% for a complete course, (ii) in children 0–2 years, rotavirus cases decreased by 79% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 68–­89%) in 2008–2014 compared to the pre-vaccination period (1999–­2006) and by 50% (95% CI: 14–82%) in the age group ≥ 10 years, (iii) hospitalisations for rotavirus gastroenteritis decreased by 87% (95% CI: 84–90%) in 2008–­2012 compared to the pre-vaccination period (2002–­2006), (iv) median age of rotavirus cases increased from 12 months to 17 months and (v) the rotavirus seasonal peak was reduced and delayed in all post-vaccination years. The substantial decline in rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalisations and in rotavirus activity following introduction of rotavirus vaccination is sustained over time and more pronounced in the target age group, but with evidence of herd immunity.
An ongoing measles outbreak linked to a suspected imported case, Ireland, April to June 2016
Authors: Barrett Peter , Chaintarli Katerina , Ryan Fiona , Cotter Suzanne , Cronin Anthony , Carlton Louise , MacSweeney Mary , McDonnell Mairead , Connell Jeff , Fitzgerald Rose , Hamilton Douglas , Ward Mary , Glynn Ronan , Migone Chantal
Published: August 2016

We report an outbreak of measles which started in April 2016 and which, by 13 June, has resulted in 22 confirmed and five probable measles cases occurring in four regions of Ireland. Genotype B3 was identified. We describe the identification, ongoing investigation and control measures being implemented. This outbreak occurs during a period of very low measles transmission in Ireland, with only one confirmed case (imported) notified in 2016 before this event.
Identification of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene, mcr-2, in Escherichia coli, Belgium, June 2016
Authors: Xavier Basil Britto , Lammens Christine , Ruhal Rohit , Kumar-Singh Samir , Butaye Patrick , Goossens Herman , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi
Published: August 2016

We identified a novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene in porcine and bovine colistin-resistant Escherichia coli that did not contain mcr-1. The gene, termed mcr-2, a 1,617 bp phosphoethanolamine transferase harboured on an IncX4 plasmid, has 76.7% nucleotide identity to mcr-1. Prevalence of mcr-2 in porcine colistin-resistant E. coli (11/53) in Belgium was higher than that of mcr-1 (7/53). These data call for an immediate introduction of mcr-2 screening in ongoing molecular epidemiological surveillance of colistin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
Effects of planting techniques on tuber yield of potato under charland ecosystem
Authors: Hossain MA , Islam MK , Khatun MUS , Sultana MM , Ali MR
Published: August 2016

Sustainable development in potato production is an issue of growing concern. Today, population growth, the need to further the cause of human food, agricultural and energy development in the agriculture sector is. Excessive consumptionof food demand huge population the lack of stability in the future willproduce. The effect of planting technique on the yield of potato at charland ecosystem  has  been  investigated.  A field experiment was conducted at the MLT site Ulipur during rabi season 2012-13 and 2013-14 to observe the suitable planting techniques on tuber yield of potato at charland ecosystem. Four planting techniques viz., recommended system of planting (60cm×30cm), Single eye planting(30cm×10cm), Single eye double row zigzag system(10cm/30cm×10cm), and Half cut system(30cm×10cm),  were evaluated for this purpose. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. Among the tested planting techniques, the highest tuber yield (29.0 t ha-1) was obtained from recommended system of planting and the lowest yield was obtained from single eye planting (22.5t ha-1) system. The highest gross return (Tk.217500 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk.75000 ha-1) were obtained from recommended system of planting.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 144-148, 2016
Interaction between parasite and vector for Malaria disease transmission-a review on Malaria
Authors: Mala M , Imam M , Hassan K
Published: August 2016

The parasite, Plasmodium needs an insect vector (mosquito) and a vertebrate host (human) to successful malaria transmission. The parasite use the vertebrate hosts for their asexual reproduction and insect host for sexual multiplication. In order to know the mechanism of disease transmission, knowledge about the possible interactions causes by the three components, vector, parasite and host is important. The mosquito feeding behaviour greatly contributes in the rate of malaria transmission. To assist the rate of transmission of malaria, the parasite, Plasmodium completes a complex developmental stage in the mosquito. In the mosquito the parasite, passes complex developmental stages and ensuing changes into three important forms of their life cycle: ookinete, oocyst and sporozoites. This review study concludes that, the interactions among vector, parasite and host in terms of reproductive behaviour and blood-feeding behaviour helps in transmitting malaria to the vertebrate hosts mainly, human being.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 168-174, 2016
Cranberries and Cancer: An Update of Preclinical Studies Evaluating the Cancer Inhibitory Potential of Cranberry and Cranberry Derived Constituents
Authors: Weh Katherine , Clarke Jennifer , Kresty Laura
Published: August 2016

Cranberries are rich in bioactive constituents reported to influence a variety of health benefits, ranging from improved immune function and decreased infections to reduced cardiovascular disease and more recently cancer inhibition. A review of cranberry research targeting cancer revealed positive effects of cranberries or cranberry derived constituents against 17 different cancers utilizing a variety of in vitro techniques, whereas in vivo studies supported the inhibitory action of cranberries toward cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, bladder, prostate, glioblastoma and lymphoma. Mechanisms of cranberry-linked cancer inhibition include cellular death induction via apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy; reduction of cellular proliferation; alterations in reactive oxygen species; and modification of cytokine and signal transduction pathways. Given the emerging positive preclinical effects of cranberries, future clinical directions targeting cancer or premalignancy in high risk cohorts should be considered.
The Classification of Substance Use Disorders: Historical, Contextual, and Conceptual Considerations
Authors: Robinson Sean , Adinoff Bryon
Published: August 2016

This article provides an overview of the history of substance use and misuse and chronicles the long shared history humans have had with psychoactive substances, including alcohol. The practical and personal functions of substances and the prevailing views of society towards substance users are described for selected historical periods and within certain cultural contexts. This article portrays how the changing historical and cultural milieu influences the prevailing medical, moral, and legal conceptualizations of substance use as reflected both in popular opinion and the consensus of the scientific community and represented by the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Finally, this article discusses the efforts to classify substance use disorders (SUDs) and associated psychopathology in the APA compendium. Controversies both lingering and resolved in the field are discussed, and implications for the future of SUD diagnoses are identified.
Heat Transfer and Energy Performance of a PVA Wall Tile Containing Macro-Encapsulated PCM
Authors: Liu Pin-Feng , Lin Yi-Pin , Tzeng Chun-Ta , Lai Chi-Ming
Published: August 2016

This study integrated building material engineering, building construction practices, and heat transfer mechanisms to develop a polyvinyl acetate (PVA) based wall tile, containing macro-encapsulated phase change material (macro-encapsulated PCM, macroPCM) and PVA. The heat transfer characteristics and energy performances of the proposed prototype were investigated experimentally. The results indicated that the PVA-based macroPCM wall tile is suitable for use in exterior walls to enhance the thermal performance. The tile shows a lower heat indoor heat flux than other tested similar building materials and increases the time lag of peak load, effectively shifting the summer peak demand.
Diameter Growth, Biological Rotation Age and Biomass of Chinese Fir in Burning and Clearing Site Preparations in Subtropical China
Authors: Zhou Hua , Meng Shengwang , Liu Qijing
Published: August 2016

Sustained forest management of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir) plantations in subtropical China is restricted by the limited availability of quantitative data. This study combines inventory data and tree-ring analysis of Chinese fir from natural and plantation forests that were subjected to controlled burning or brush clearing site preparations. Inter-annual variation of Chinese fir tree-ring widths were measured for the controlled burning, brush clearing and natural forest sites. The mean annual diametric growth of Chinese fir was 0.56 cm·year−1 for the natural forest, 0.80 cm·year−1 for the brush clearing site and 1.10 cm·year−1 for the controlled burning site. The time needed to reach the minimum cutting/logging diameter of 15 cm was 14 years in the controlled burning site, 19 years in the brush clearing site and >40 years in the natural forest. The biological rotation ages for the burning, cutting and natural forest sites were 15, 26 and >100 years, respectively. The total aboveground biomasses for the burning and clearing sites were 269.8 t·ha−1 and 252 t·ha−1, respectively. These results suggest that the current 25-year cutting cycle greatly underestimates the growth rate of Chinese fir plantations.
Sex-Based Selectivity of PPARγ Regulation in Th1, Th2, and Th17 Differentiation
Authors: Park Hong-Jai , Park Hyeon-Soo , Lee Jae-Ung , Bothwell Alfred , Choi Je-Min
Published: August 2016

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has recently been recognized to regulate adaptive immunity through Th17 differentiation, Treg functions, and TFH responses. However, its role in adaptive immunity and autoimmune disease is still not clear, possibly due to sexual differences. Here, we investigated in vitro treatment study with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone to compare Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in male and female mouse splenic T cells. Pioglitazone treatment significantly inhibited various effector T cell differentiations including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells from female naïve T cells, but it selectively reduced IL-17 production in male Th17 differentiation. Interestingly, pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment of T cells in males inhibited differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, suggesting a mechanism for the greater sensitivity of PPARγ to ligand treatment in the regulation of effector T cell differentiation in females. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PPARγ selectively inhibits Th17 differentiation only in male T cells and modulates Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in female T cells based on different level of estrogen exposure. Accordingly, PPARγ could be an important immune regulator of sexual differences in adaptive immunity.
Flood Stress as a Technique to Assess Preventive Insecticide and Fungicide Treatments for Protecting Trees against Ambrosia Beetles
Authors: Ranger Christopher , Schultz Peter , Reding Michael , Frank Steven , Palmquist Debra
Published: August 2016

Ambrosia beetles tunnel into the heartwood of trees where they cultivate and feed upon a symbiotic fungus. We assessed the effectiveness of flood stress for making Cercis canadensis L. and Cornus florida L. trees attractive to attack as part of insecticide and fungicide efficacy trials conducted in Ohio and Virginia. Since female ambrosia beetles will not begin ovipositing until their symbiotic fungus is established within the host, we also assessed pre-treatment of trees with permethrin, azoxystrobin, and potassium phosphite on fungal establishment and beetle colonization success. Permethrin reduced attacks on flooded trees, yet no attacks occurred on any of the non-flooded trees. Fewer galleries created within flooded trees pre-treated with permethrin, azoxystrobin, and potassium phosphite contained the purported symbiotic fungus; foundress’ eggs were only detected in flooded but untreated trees. While pre-treatment with permethrin, azoxystrobin, and potassium phosphite can disrupt colonization success, maintaining tree health continues to be the most effective and sustainable management strategy.
Characterization of Mechanical and Bactericidal Properties of Cement Mortars Containing Waste Glass Aggregate and Nanomaterials
Authors: Sikora Pawel , Augustyniak Adrian , Cendrowski Krzysztof , Horszczaruk Elzbieta , Rucinska Teresa , Nawrotek Pawel , Mijowska Ewa
Published: August 2016

The recycling of waste glass is a major problem for municipalities worldwide. The problem concerns especially colored waste glass which, due to its low recycling rate as result of high level of impurity, has mostly been dumped into landfills. In recent years, a new use was found for it: instead of creating waste, it can be recycled as an additive in building materials. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of manufacturing sustainable and self-cleaning cement mortars with use of commercially available nanomaterials and brown soda-lime waste glass. Mechanical and bactericidal properties of cement mortars containing brown soda-lime waste glass and commercially available nanomaterials (amorphous nanosilica and cement containing nanocrystalline titanium dioxide) were analyzed in terms of waste glass content and the effectiveness of nanomaterials. Quartz sand is replaced with brown waste glass at ratios of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by weight. Study has shown that waste glass can act as a successful replacement for sand (up to 100%) to produce cement mortars while nanosilica is incorporated. Additionally, a positive effect of waste glass aggregate for bactericidal properties of cement mortars was observed.
Hybrid Effect Evaluation of Steel Fiber and Carbon Fiber on the Performance of the Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Song Weimin , Yin Jian
Published: August 2016

Fiber reinforcement is an important method to enhance the performance of concrete. In this study, the compressive test and impact test were conducted, and then the hybrid effect between steel fiber (SF) and carbon fiber (CF) was evaluated by employing the hybrid effect index. Compressive toughness and impact toughness of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), carbon fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC) and hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) were explored at steel fiber volume fraction 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and carbon fiber 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%. Results showed that the addition of steel fiber and carbon fiber can increase the compressive strength. SF, CF and the hybridization between them could increase the compressive toughness significantly. The impact test results showed that as the volume of fiber increased, the impact number of the first visible crack and the ultimate failure also increased. The improvement of toughness mainly lay in improving the crack resistance after the first crack. Based on the test results, the positive hybrid effect of steel fiber and carbon fiber existed in hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. The relationship between the compressive toughness and impact toughness was also explored.
An Unusual Conformational Isomer of Verrucosidin Backbone from a Hydrothermal Vent Fungus, Penicillium sp. Y-50-10
Authors: Pan Chengqian , Shi Yutong , Auckloo Bibi , Chen Xuegang , Chen Chen-Tung , Tao Xinyi , Wu Bin
Published: August 2016

A new verrucosidin derivative, methyl isoverrucosidinol (1), was isolated from the marine fungus Penicillium sp. Y-50-10, dwelling in sulfur rich sediment in the Kueishantao hydrothermal vents off Taiwan. The structure was established by spectroscopic means including HRMS and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration was defined mainly by comparison of quantum chemical TDDFT calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Among hitherto known compounds with a verrucosidine backbone isolated from natural resource, compound 1 represents the first example of a new conformational isomer of its skeleton, exhibiting antibiotic activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC value 32 μg/mL.
Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise
Authors: Clifford Tom , Berntzen Bram , Davison Gareth , West Daniel , Howatson Glyn , Stevenson Emma
Published: August 2016

This study examined the effects of beetroot juice (BTJ) on recovery between two repeated-sprint tests. In an independent groups design, 20 male, team-sports players were randomized to receive either BTJ or a placebo (PLA) (2 × 250 mL) for 3 days after an initial repeated sprint test (20 × 30 m; RST1) and after a second repeated sprint test (RST2), performed 72 h later. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC), countermovement jumps (CMJ), reactive strength index (RI), pressure-pain threshold (PPT), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), protein carbonyls (PC), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and the ascorbyl free radical (A•−) were measured before, after, and at set times between RST1 and RST2. CMJ and RI recovered quicker in BTJ compared to PLA after RST1: at 72 h post, CMJ and RI were 7.6% and 13.8% higher in BTJ vs. PLA, respectively (p < 0.05). PPT was 10.4% higher in BTJ compared to PLA 24 h post RST2 (p = 0.012) but similar at other time points. No group differences were detected for mean and fastest sprint time or fatigue index. MIVC, or the biochemical markers measured (p > 0.05). BTJ reduced the decrement in CMJ and RI following and RST but had no effect on sprint performance or oxidative stress.
Experiments on a Ground-Based Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Lee Hoonyol , Ji Younghun , Han Hyangsun
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the development and experiment of three-dimensional image formation by using a ground-based tomographic synthetic aperture radar (GB-TomoSAR) system. GB-TomoSAR formulates two-dimensional synthetic aperture by the motion of antennae, both in azimuth and vertical directions. After range compression, three-dimensional image focusing is performed by applying Deramp-FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithms, both in azimuth and vertical directions. Geometric and radiometric calibrations were applied to make an image cube, which is then projected into range-azimuth and range-vertical cross-sections for visualization. An experiment with a C-band GB-TomoSAR system with a scan length of 2.49 m and 1.86 m in azimuth and vertical-direction, respectively, shows distinctive three-dimensional radar backscattering of stable buildings and roads with resolutions similar to the theoretical values. Unstable objects such as trees and moving cars generate severe noise due to decorrelation during the eight-hour image-acquisition time.
Fusion of WorldView-2 and LiDAR Data to Map Fuel Types in the Canary Islands
Authors: Alonso-Benito Alfonso , Arroyo Lara , Arbelo Manuel , Hernández-Leal Pedro
Published: August 2016

Wildland fires are one of the factors causing the deepest disturbances on the natural environment and severely threatening many ecosystems, as well as economic welfare and public health. Having accurate and up-to-date fuel type maps is essential to properly manage wildland fire risk areas. This research aims to assess the viability of combining Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) and the fusion of a WorldView-2 (WV2) image and low density Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in order to produce fuel type maps within an area of complex orography and vegetation distribution located in the island of Tenerife (Spain). Independent GEOBIAs were applied to four datasets to create four fuel type maps according to the Prometheus classification. The following fusion methods were compared: Image Stack (IS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), as well as the WV2 image alone. Accuracy assessment of the maps was conducted by comparison against the fuel types assessed in the field. Besides global agreement, disagreement measures due to allocation and quantity were estimated, both globally and by fuel type. This made it possible to better understand the nature of disagreements linked to each map. The global agreement of the obtained maps varied from 76.23% to 85.43%. Maps obtained through data fusion reached a significantly higher global agreement than the map derived from the WV2 image alone. By integrating LiDAR information with the GEOBIAs, global agreement improvements by over 10% were attained in all cases. No significant differences in global agreement were found among the three classifications performed on WV2 and LiDAR fusion data (IS, PCA, MNF). These study’s findings show the validity of the combined use of GEOBIA, high-spatial resolution multispectral data and low density LiDAR data in order to generate fuel type maps in the Canary Islands.
Virtual Control Policy for Binary Ordered Resources Petri Net Class
Authors: Rovetto Carlos , Concepción Tomás , Cano Elia
Published: August 2016

Prevention and avoidance of deadlocks in sensor networks that use the wormhole routing algorithm is an active research domain. There are diverse control policies that will address this problem being our approach a new method. In this paper we present a virtual control policy for the new specialized Petri net subclass called Binary Ordered Resources Petri Net (BORPN). Essentially, it is an ordinary class constructed from various state machines that share unitary resources in a complex form, which allows branching and joining of processes. The reduced structure of this new class gives advantages that allow analysis of the entire system’s behavior, which is a prohibitive task for large systems because of the complexity and routing algorithms.
Data-Aware Retrodiction for Asynchronous Harmonic Measurement in a Cyber-Physical Energy System
Authors: Liu Youda , Wang Xue , Liu Yanchi , Cui Sujin
Published: August 2016

Cyber-physical energy systems provide a networked solution for safety, reliability and efficiency problems in smart grids. On the demand side, the secure and trustworthy energy supply requires real-time supervising and online power quality assessing. Harmonics measurement is necessary in power quality evaluation. However, under the large-scale distributed metering architecture, harmonic measurement faces the out-of-sequence measurement (OOSM) problem, which is the result of latencies in sensing or the communication process and brings deviations in data fusion. This paper depicts a distributed measurement network for large-scale asynchronous harmonic analysis and exploits a nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (NARX) network to reorder the out-of-sequence measuring data. The NARX network gets the characteristics of the electrical harmonics from practical data rather than the kinematic equations. Thus, the data-aware network approximates the behavior of the practical electrical parameter with real-time data and improves the retrodiction accuracy. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the data-aware method maintains a reasonable consumption of computing resources. Experiments on a practical testbed of a cyber-physical system are implemented, and harmonic measurement and analysis accuracy are adopted to evaluate the measuring mechanism under a distributed metering network. Results demonstrate an improvement of the harmonics analysis precision and validate the asynchronous measuring method in cyber-physical energy systems.
Colour-Based Binary Discrimination of Scarified Quercus robur Acorns under Varying Illumination
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław , Tylek Paweł , Walczyk Józef , Tadeusiewicz Ryszard , Piłat Adam
Published: August 2016

Efforts to predict the germination ability of acorns using their shape, length, diameter and density are reported in the literature. These methods, however, are not efficient enough. As such, a visual assessment of the viability of seeds based on the appearance of cross-sections of seeds following their scarification is used. This procedure is more robust but demands significant effort from experienced employees over a short period of time. In this article an automated method of acorn scarification and assessment has been announced. This type of automation requires the specific setup of a machine vision system and application of image processing algorithms for evaluation of sections of seeds in order to predict their viability. In the stage of the analysis of pathological changes, it is important to point out image features that enable efficient classification of seeds in respect of viability. The article shows the results of the binary separation of seeds into two fractions (healthy or spoiled) using average components of regular red-green-blue and perception-based hue-saturation-value colour space. Analysis of accuracy of discrimination was performed on sections of 400 scarified acorns acquired using two various setups: machine vision camera under uncontrolled varying illumination and commodity high-resolution camera under controlled illumination. The accuracy of automatic classification has been compared with predictions completed by experienced professionals. It has been shown that both automatic and manual methods reach an accuracy level of 84%, assuming that the images of the sections are properly normalised. The achieved recognition ratio was higher when referenced to predictions provided by professionals. Results of discrimination by means of Bayes classifier have been also presented as a reference.
PERFECTING THE PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF THE ACS CCD CAMERAS
Authors: Bohlin Ralph C.
Published: August 2016

Newly acquired data and improved data reduction algorithms mandate a fresh look at the absolute flux calibration of the charge-coupled device cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The goals are to achieve a 1% accuracy and to make this calibration more accessible to the HST guest investigator. Absolute fluxes from the CALSPEC1
database for three primary hot 30,000–60,000K WDs define the sensitivity calibrations for the Wide Field Channel (WFC) and High Resolution Channel (HRC) filters. The external uncertainty for the absolute flux is ∼1%, while the internal consistency of the sensitivities in the broadband ACS filters is ∼0.3% among the three primary WD flux standards. For stars as cool as K type, the agreement with the CALSPEC standards is within 1% at the WFC1-1K subarray position, which achieves the 1% precision goal for the first time. After making a small adjustment to the filter bandpass for F814W, the 1% precision goal is achieved over the full F814W WFC field of view for stars of K type and hotter. New encircled energies and absolute sensitivities replace the seminal results of Sirianni et al. that were published in 2005. After implementing the throughput updates, synthetic predictions of the WFC and HRC count rates for the average of the three primary WD standard stars agree with the observations to 0.1%.
THE SYSTEMATIC ERROR TEST FOR PSF CORRECTION IN WEAK GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SHEAR MEASUREMENT BY THE ERA METHOD BY IDEALIZING PSF
Authors: Okura Yuki , Futamase Toshifumi
Published: August 2016

We improve the ellipticity of re-smeared artificial image (ERA) method of point-spread function (PSF) correction in a weak lensing shear analysis in order to treat the realistic shape of galaxies and the PSF. This is done by re-smearing the PSF and the observed galaxy image using a re-smearing function (RSF) and allows us to use a new PSF with a simple shape and to correct the PSF effect without any approximations or assumptions. We perform a numerical test to show that the method applied for galaxies and PSF with some complicated shapes can correct the PSF effect with a systematic error of less than 0.1%. We also apply the ERA method for real data of the Abell 1689 cluster to confirm that it is able to detect the systematic weak lensing shear pattern. The ERA method requires less than 0.1 or 1 s to correct the PSF for each object in a numerical test and a real data analysis, respectively.
RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS MODELS OF THE INNER RIM IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
Authors: Flock M. , Fromang S. , Turner N. J. , Benisty M.
Published: August 2016

Many stars host planets orbiting within a few astronomical units (AU). The occurrence rate and distributions of masses and orbits vary greatly with the host star’s mass. These close planets’ origins are a mystery that motivates investigating protoplanetary disks’ central regions. A key factor governing the conditions near the star is the silicate sublimation front, which largely determines where the starlight is absorbed, and which is often called the inner rim. We present the first radiation hydrodynamical modeling of the sublimation front in the disks around the young intermediate-mass stars called Herbig Ae stars. The models are axisymmetric and include starlight heating; silicate grains sublimating and condensing to equilibrium at the local, time-dependent temperature and density; and accretion stresses parameterizing the results of MHD magnetorotational turbulence models. The results compare well with radiation hydrostatic solutions and prove to be dynamically stable. Passing the model disks into Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations, we show that the models satisfy observational constraints on the inner rim’s location. A small optically thin halo of hot dust naturally arises between the inner rim and the star. The inner rim has a substantial radial extent, corresponding to several disk scale heights. While the front’s overall position varies with the stellar luminosity, its radial extent depends on the mass accretion rate. A pressure maximum develops near the location of thermal ionization at temperatures of about 1000 K. The pressure maximum is capable of halting solid pebbles’ radial drift and concentrating them in a zone where temperatures are sufficiently high for annealing to form crystalline silicates.
DYNAMICS OF A PROMINENCE-HORN STRUCTURE DURING ITS EVAPORATION IN THE SOLAR CORONA
Authors: Wang Bing , Chen Yao , Fu Jie , Li Bo , Li Xing , Liu Wei
Published: August 2016

The physical connections among and formation mechanisms of various components of the prominence-horn cavity system remain elusive. Here we present observations of such a system, focusing on a section of the prominence that rises and separates gradually from the main body. This forms a configuration sufficiently simple to yield clues regarding the above issues. It is characterized by embedding horns, oscillations, and a gradual disappearance of the separated material. The prominence-horn structure exhibits a large-amplitude longitudinal oscillation with a period of ∼150 minutes and an amplitude of ∼30 Mm along the trajectory defined by the concave horn structure. The horns also experience a simultaneous transverse oscillation with a much smaller amplitude (∼3 Mm) and a shorter period (∼10–15 minutes), likely representative of a global mode of the large-scale magnetic structure. The gradual disappearance of the structure indicates that the horn, an observational manifestation of the field-aligned transition region separating the cool and dense prominence from the hot and tenuous corona, is formed due to the heating and diluting process of the central prominence mass; most previous studies suggested that it is the opposite process, i.e., the cooling and condensation of coronal plasmas, that formed the horn. This study also demonstrates how the prominence transports magnetic flux to the upper corona, a process essential for the gradual build-up of pre-eruption magnetic energy.
THE ORBITAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS BEYOND 50 au
Authors: Nesvorný David , Vokrouhlický David , Roig Fernando
Published: August 2016

The dynamical structure of the Kuiper Belt beyond 50 au is not well understood. Here we report results of a numerical model with long-range, slow, and grainy migration of Neptune. The model implies that bodies scattered outward by Neptune to semimajor axes

often evolve into resonances which subsequently act to raise the perihelion distances of orbits to

. The implication of the model is that the orbits with

and

should cluster near (but not in) the resonances with Neptune (3:1 at a = 62.6 au, 4:1 at

, 5:1 at

, etc.). The recent detection of several distant Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) near resonances is consistent with this prediction, but it is not yet clear whether the orbits are really non-resonant as our model predicts. We estimate from the model that there should presently be ∼1600–2400 bodies at the 3:1 resonance and ∼1000–1400 bodies at the 4:1 resonance (for

and diameters

km). These results favorably compare with the population census of distant KBOs inferred from existing observations.