bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Apsoh Siti , Setiawan Awan , Marsela Meri
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model project based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Dimana siswa memecahkan masalah dan menghasilkan produk sebagai hasil akhirnya, kegitan kegiatan dalam project based learning ini mencakup tahapan pengamatan, menanyakan, menentukan masalah, dan memecahkan masalah. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen terdiri dari kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yang dipilih secara acak. Kelas IV A sebanyak 21 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen mendapat perlakuan model project based learning dan kelas IV B sebanyak 21 siswa tidak mendapatkan perlakuan model project based learning. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah tes dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan uji parametrik metode Independent Sampel T Test diperoleh signifikansi 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 yang berarti memenuhi kriteria (Sig. (2-tailed)) < 0,05 yaitu 0,000<0,05, maka H0 ditolak H1 diterima yang berarti ada perbedaan rata-rata antara dua kelompok. Jumlah rata- rata posttest kelas eksperimen sebesar 61,42 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 40.2381 hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa model project based learning sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, dengan menggunakan uji N-Gain maka diperoleh nilai 45% dengan kategori efektif. Dengan demikian, hal ini menunjukan bahwa model project based learning berpengaruh tinggi terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas IV di SDN Jambelaer.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Course Review Horay (CRH) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas IV SD Negeri Sirnagalih
Authors: Setiawan Awan , Apsoh Siti , Ariani Arin
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Review Horay (CRH) Terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IV pada mata pelajaranmatematika matei bangun datar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Sirnagalih. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen jenis penelitian. Quasi Experimental Tipe Nonequivalent Control Group Design.Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Sirnagalih.Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh dengan sampel sebanyak siswa 24 kelas IVB dan 24 siswa kelas IVC SD Negeri Sirnagalih. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dengan memberikan soal pretes sebelum diberikan perlakuan dan soal postes setelah diberikan perlakuan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode statistik dengan uji prasyarat yaitu uji normalitas data,uji homogenitas data, uji hipotesis. dan dilakukan uji N-Gain untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Sirnagalih. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada uji N-Gain antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai signifikansi α =0,000 < 0,05. Hal ini berarti H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran course review horay terhadap hasil belajar matematika kelas IV SD Negeri Sirnagalih.
Das Andere im internationalen Freiwilligendienst. Rassismus. Subjektivität. Verantwortung.
Authors: Huffer Matthias
Published: October 2023

Das Förderprogramm weltwärts verändert die Bedingungen sowie die Strukturen der Anerkennung von internationalen Freiwilligendiensten in Deutschland einschneidend. Dadurch wandelt sich ebenfalls die Anrufung der Subjektivität von Freiwilligen. Die staatlich forcierte Verortung im Bereich der Entwicklungspolitik ist unausweichlich und die Unterordnung darunter konstitutiv für die Existenz von Outgoing-Freiwilligen. Durch die (post-)koloniale Konnotation des Entwicklungsdiskurses bringen internationale Freiwilligendienste dichotomes und stereotypes Denken und Handeln hervor. Um sich unter diesen rassifizierten Bedingungen der Rassifizierung entgegenzustellen, bedarf es einer individualistischen Ethik der Schwäche. Diese ermöglicht es, abgeschlossene Identitätskategorien aufzugeben und stattdessen Gemeinschaft im Sinne der Zugehörigkeit zu ein und derselben Welt neu zu erfinden. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die Auswirkungen des Zusammenhangs von Entwicklungspolitik und internationalen Freiwilligendiensten auf die Subjektivität von Outgoing-Freiwilligen und deckt die dem Entwicklungsdiskurs inhärenten rassistischen Grundlagen auf. Anhand eines spezifischen Verständnisses von Verantwortung wird skizziert, wie Freiwillige, die rassifizierenden Existenzbedingungen unterworfen sind, zu einer verantwortungsvolleren Gestaltung globaler Beziehungen beitragen können.
Die Süd-Nord-Komponente des entwicklungspolitischen Freiwilligendienstes weltwärts – Kurzfassung der Evaluierung
Authors: Scheller Jan Oliver , Krämer Matias , Hielscher Hanna
Published: October 2023

Ende 2013 startete die neue weltwärts Süd-Nord-Komponente in Kooperation mit dem Bundesfreiwilligendienst. Die Nachfrage überstieg schnell das für die Pilotphase vorgesehene Kontingent. Das Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) reagierte auf diese starke Resonanz: Bis zu 800 Freiwilligen aus Ländern des Globalen Südens soll es nun möglich sein, einen Freiwilligendienst über weltwärts in Deutschland zu absolvieren. Dem BMZ ist es wichtig, bereits die Anfangsjahre auszuwerten und Pfade zur weiteren Entwicklung der Süd­Nord­Komponente zu identifizieren. Denn die neue Komponente war als Pilotphase konzipiert, die für die Entwicklung und Verfeinerung neuer Prozesse in der Praxis Raum lässt. Neue Strukturen bilden sich in Teilen erst „by doing“ in der Praxis heraus. Das beauftragte Evaluierungsteam benennt insofern die Grenzen der Evaluierung. Die Messbarkeit der erwarteten Wirkungen ist eingeschränkt. Manche Wirkungen benötigen Zeit, um sich entfalten zu können. Der Umgang mit kleinen, allmählich ansteigenden Fallzahlen setzt methodische Grenzen. Das Evaluierungsteam wendet deshalb neben empirischen Messungen auch eine Plausibilitätsanalyse des angenommenen Wirkungsgefüges (Theorie of Change) an. Wenn wir die Ergebnisse und ihre Aussagekraft im Einzelnen bewerten, müssen wir diesen Hintergrund berücksichtigen. Die Evaluierung gibt auf die aufgeworfenen Fragen keine fertigen Antworten. Sie regt mit ihren Handlungsempfehlungen dazu an, diese mit den durchführenden Akteuren zu beraten.
The Other Time
Authors: Schweidler Walter
Published: October 2023

Man is the only living being who is able to relate to the whole and the limits of his existence. In philoso-phising, he faces the question of the reasons why this is possible. This leads us to a topos that links not only the question of truth and existence, but also the most diverse forms of symbolic access to the world: myth and poetic narratives, scientific and artistic world views, and religious and political claims to power. This topos is the time beyond time, the other, the lost, the turned time: the past that has never been present. Phenomenological, hermeneutic, analytical and semiotic approaches have interpreted this topos in different ways. Their inner bond is explored in the essays presented in this book.
Die außerordentlichen Testamente in der deutschen Rechtsordnung
Authors: Althoff Nils
Published: October 2023

Since the Corona pandemic, there has been an increased interest in the extraordinary wills in the scientific debate. The empirical reality, however, remains in the dark. With his survey on the legal significance, in which 670 mayors participated, the author wants to change this. The relevance of the form depends to a large extent on the accessibility of the notaries, for which the chambers of notaries were surveyed. From the historical development over the prerequisites to the form of the making of a will, the author comprehensively analyses §§ 2249-2252 BGB. In doing so, he points out the weaknesses of the existing regulation. The result is a reform proposal that includes a new, audiovisual form of will ("smartphone will").
Español jurídico
Authors: Sánchez Pérez Nereida , Cleve Judith
Published: October 2023

Die Einführung in das spanische Recht und in die spanische Rechtsterminologie vermittelt auf Spanisch Studenten der Rechtswissenschaft und Rechtsreferendaren die häufig benutzten Vokabeln und Ausdrücke der spanischen Rechtssprache. Zugleich hilft es Übersetzern, spezielle Kenntnisse der deutschen Rechtssprache zu erwerben. Thematisch behandelt das Werk nach einer einführenden Darstellung der Rechtsquellen das Verfassungsrecht, die Grundrechte, das Vertragsrecht, das Strafrecht, das Gesellschafts- und Arbeitsrecht, das Familien- und Erbrecht sowie die Gerichtsbarkeit. Jedes Thema wird durch ein bis zwei Illustrationen veranschaulicht und praktische Übungen helfen bei der Rechtsanwendung. Dabei begleiten die Illustrationen auf spielerische Art und Weise die Übungen.
Berufsrelevante Handlungskompetenzen der pädagogischen Fachkräfte im Krippenbereich – Selbsteinschätzung und Handlungsperspektiven
Authors: Stiglbauer Jana
Published: October 2023

Das geänderte Verständnis über Kinderkrippen bzw. deren Funktion und Aufgaben als Bildungsinstitutionen bringt nicht nur andere Anforderungen an das pädagogische Handeln mit sich, sondern ist ebenfalls mit einem veränderten Aufgabenspektrum der pädagogischen Fachkräfte in diesen Einrichtungen verbunden. Das Handlungsfeld der pädagogischen Fachkräfte ist deutlich breiter und umfassender geworden; neben der Betreuung und Erziehung steht nach langzeitigen Bemühungen auch die Aufgabe der Bildung im Vordergrund der heutigen Frühpädagogik. Zudem müssen sie hierfür ein umfassendes Kompetenzprofil erwerben, um die Bildungs- und Lernprozesse qualitativ hochwertig begleiten und unterstützen zu können.

Ausgehend von dieser Entwicklung beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit den berufsrelevanten Handlungskompetenzen der pädagogischen Fachkräfte, die zur Sicherung qualitativer kindlicher Bildung wie auch zu Erziehung und Betreuung in den Kinderkrippen beitragen.

Das Ziel besteht somit darin, Erkenntnisse über die Wahrnehmung der eigenen berufsrelevanten Handlungskompetenzen der pädagogischen Fachkräfte für die Bildung, Erziehung und Betreuung der Kinder unter drei Jahren zu erlangen. Es soll ein tiefergehendes Verständnis über das eigene Kompetenzprofil gewonnen werden. Im Weiteren soll ein Bild von der Perspektive der pädagogischen Fachkräfte gewonnen werden, wie sie die Vermittlung der berufsrelevanten Handlungskompetenzen für den Krippenbereich durch die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung wahrnehmen.

 

Reihe

Münchner Beiträge zur Bildungsforschung - Band 39
Psychische Schädigungen des Tatopfers als Körperverletzung gemäß §§ 223, 229 StGB
Authors: Meese Franziska
Published: October 2023

Der strafrechtliche Schutz psychischer Schädigungen des Tatopfers ist nach Ansicht der Rechtsprechung sowie der herrschenden Literatur stets an spezifische Umstände geknüpft. Jedoch stellt sich insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Bedeutung psychischer Krankheiten die Frage, aus welchem Grund nicht jede erhebliche psychische Gesundheitsschädigung des Tatopfers unabhängig spezieller Erfordernisse strafrechtlich geschützt ist.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Schutz der psychischen Gesundheit des Tatopfers im StGB. Insbesondere wird die Stichhaltigkeit der Argumente gegen den Schutz der psychischen Gesundheit des Tatopfers ohne des Erfordernisses einer somatischen Auswirkung im Rahmen der Körperverletzung gemäß §§ 223, 229 StGB analysiert.

 

Reihe

Neue Juristische Beiträge - Band 138
STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL LIBRARIES
Authors: Oguche David
Published: October 2023

The success of a digital library is a function of the combination of technologies’ standards and protocols used to develop it among others. Standards and protocols are used for determining content, defining structure, facilitating discovery and transmission of data, authentication and displaying information in a digital library. Some of the standards and protocols discussed in this chapter include Content standards which are specifications and guidelines for the creation, presentation and delivery of the digital resources in a digital library e.g. PDF, JPEG, TIFF; Metadata standards which present the rules and formats for creating and exchanging metadata among different systems and platforms e.g. Dublin Core, MARC, MODS; and Quality standards i.e. the criteria and measures for evaluating and improving the performance and effectiveness of a digital library e.g. ISO 9001 and ISO 16363. The chapter also discusses web environment and its characteristics as well as the web technologies that make digital library projects successful.
Attributing Meaning to Molecular Interaction Networks by Leveraging Clinical and Omic Data: The Missing Link between Tumor Biology and Treatment Strategies in Glioma
Authors: V. Krauze Andra
Published: October 2023

The pace of data growth in the molecular space has led to the evolution of sophisticated approaches to data aggregation and linkages, such as IPA, STRING, KEGG, and others. These tools aim to generate molecular interaction networks harnessing growing molecular data at all levels to link tumor biology knowledge to signaling pathways and matched analyses. Potentially actionable biomarkers, however, are evaluated based on clinically associated prognosis, and necessary computational approaches should be vetted for interpretability through a clinical lens. Intersectional clinical and computational expertise is needed to link omics, molecular interactions, and clinical data to address the missing link between tumor biology and treatment strategies.
Nanophotonics for Energy Applications
Authors: Alamrani Fatimah
Published: October 2023

Nanophotonics is an emerging field with significant potential for generating energy-efficient technology. Specifically, photonic crystal technology possesses unique optical properties that enable light manipulation at the nanoscale, leading to advancements in energy applications such as photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, solid-state lighting, solar cells, and energy harvesting. This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of nanophotonics technology for energy applications, including energy harvesting, LED lighting, and energy storage devices, such as Filters in Thermophotovoltaic Systems and Photonic-Crystal-Based Daytime Passive Radiative Coolers. Moreover, the current chapter offers a comprehensive review of current breakthroughs, challenges, opportunities, and prospects in the field of nanophotonic crystals for energy applications. This chapter serves as a valuable resource for academics and engineers interested in developing and implementing nanophotonic crystal technology for energy applications. Finally, the chapter explores prospects of development of energy-efficient technologies.
Termiticidal activity of Senna occidentalis and Tithonia divercifolia extracts and study of their toxicity on mammals
Authors: Yao Martin Siapo , Annick Tahiri
Published: October 2023

The termiticidal activity of methanolic extracts of Senna occidentalis and Tithonia diversifolia leaves was determined on the crop pest termite, Ancistrotermes cavithorax. Both extracts were toxic to termite workers by contact and inhalation. The T. diversifolia extract (LC50 of 29, 76 mg/l) was more toxic than the S. occidentalis extract (LC50 of 84.90 mg/l). The two extracts are not repellent but anti-palatable. To recommend insecticidal plants in the culture medium requires the knowledge of their harmfulness to the environment and mammals. This and the toxicity of its two extracts were determined on female rats Rattus norvegicus. The LD 50 of these two extracts exceeded 5000 mg/kg of body mass. The extracts did not cause any renal or hepatic damage after 14 days. The use of these insecticidal plant extracts can therefore be recommended to farmers.
Perspective Chapter: Stimulation and Activation of the Pituitary Gland
Authors: Dongre Nilima
Published: October 2023

The pituitary gland no larger than a pea in shape is located at the base of the brain and is called the “master” gland of the endocrine system because it controls the functions of many other endocrine glands including thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, reproductive, and adrenal gland. The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus (a part of the brain that affects the pituitary gland) by nerve fibers and blood vessels. The pituitary gland regulates the hormones that have to do with growth, digestion, protein absorption, use, and controlling blood pressure. Overactivity and underactivity of this pea-sized gland on the skull base of the brain can cause a various range of disorders. Since pituitary gland and hypothalamus work together so closely that if one of them is damaged, it can affect the hormonal function of the other. Endocrinologists treat the issues related to the abnormal functioning of this gland by therapeutic interventions. Now-a–days, the concept of mindfulness is widely accepted to treat endocrine disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology is the new upcoming branch in therapeutics of several neuroendocrine diseases. The pituitary gland disorders can also be corrected by lifestyle modifications like practicing certain yoga asanas, pranayama, and meditations.
Gynandromorphy Behavior of Lepidopterans
Authors: Shephalika Dash Soumya , Narayan Satapathy Satya
Published: October 2023

Gynandromorphism is a rare phenomenon where an individual develops with a mosaic of both male and female traits. It is observed in various groups of organisms, including arthropods, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. Among arthropods, gynandromorphs have been frequently documented in both natural populations and laboratory settings. In insects, bilateral gynandromorphs are the most commonly observed, where the left and right halves of the body display different sexes. This phenomenon has been reported in 12 orders within the class Insecta. Within the order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), gynandromorphism has been documented in 18 families, with a higher number of cases observed in the families Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Saturniidae. Lepidopterans are known for their sexual dichromatism, primarily expressed through wing coloration. While gynandromorph specimens have been reported in various butterfly families such as Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, and Geometridae, there have also been documented cases in certain moth species, including Noctuidae species like Agrotis segetum and Agrotis ipsilon.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Sarcoid: Clinical Presentation and Histopathology
Authors: Lebwohl Lily , G. Phelps Robert
Published: October 2023

The cutaneous manifestations of sarcoid will be reviewed. These include lupus pernio, multiple varied skin presentations such as annular sarcoid, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, erythroderma, scar-like lesions, and several others. Erythema nodosum in sarcoidosis will be discussed; the Koebner phenomenon will be described; and the differential diagnosis of all of these lesions will be presented in detail. Numerous clinical photographs will be provided to help the treating clinician identify and work up the patient accordingly. The histopathology and pathologic differential diagnosis will also be discussed. Treatments for the varied skin lesions will be reviewed in detail as will the side effects of each treatment and management overview.
Analysis and Modeling of Rainfed Crops Dynamics Based on NDVI Time Series in Central Spain
Authors: Sáenz César , Cicuéndez Víctor , Recuero Laura , Wiese Klaus , Palacios-Orueta Alicia , Litago Javier
Published: October 2023

Rainfed crops occupy 76% of the cultivated area of Spain being distributed throughout the whole country. The yield of these crops depends on the great interannual variability of meteorological factors. The monitoring and prediction of crop dynamics is a key factor for their sustainable management from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view. Long time series of remote sensing data, such as spectral indices, allow monitoring vegetation dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales and provide valuable information to predict these dynamics through time series analysis. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To assess the dynamics of rainfed crops in a typical dryland area of Spain and (2) to build dynamic models to explain and predict the evolution of these crops. The NDVI time series of a rainfed cereal crop area of central Spain have been analyzed using statistical time series methods and their values were predicted using the Box-Jenkins approach. At the model identification stage, the evaluation of their autocorrelation functions, periodogram, and stationarity tests has revealed that most of these series are stationary and that their dynamics are dominated by annual seasonality. The selected preliminary dynamic model presents a good degree of adjustment for a 30% of the studied pixels.
On structuring of media information on sensitive issues
Authors: Gelo Čolić Dora
Published: October 2023

Structuring media information on sensitive issues is the optimizing process of information content to integrate the essential tension between two contradictory demands. In this case, it is a demand for openness, in other words, information of public interest. On the other side is the demand for secrecy with regard to the sensitivity of information with possible links to the specific parts of the national security concept. The content of the term public interest is determined by what is widely accepted as essential in terms of the long-term well-being of society and its members. The topic is approached within the framework of semantic information theory in such a way that the information published in the public media is analyzed in accordance with theoretical guidelines in a concrete environment, and the analysis isolates the elements of information that correspond to the given goal and those that do not.
Auditory neuropathy
Authors: Kravos Alenka
Published: October 2023

Some patients visit the doctor because of hearing problems in noise. The hearing examination, however, does not show any specifics. Only an extended and targeted investigation leads to the suspicion of auditory neuropathy, which means altered temporal coding of the acoustic signal and explains the problems. Additional investigations show pathology of the synapse between the inner auditory sense and the auditory nerve or the process of conduction along the nerve. The combination of otoacoustic emissions and the auditory brainstem evoked potentials investigations raises the suspicion of auditory neuropathy. Auditory neuropathy occurs in both children and adults. In children, the diagnostic procedure is quite difficult.
Emerging role and therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and MSC-derived exosome in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection
Authors: Shi Ying , Yu Chaoping , Yu Zhuoyang , Shang Jin , Yang Qinyan , Liang Yuxin , Lai Chunyou , Feng Tianhang , Yao Yutong , Zeng Fan , Huang Xiaolun , Liu Tianhu , Liu Xiaowei , Zhao Xinchen , Chen Luoyi
Published: October 2023

Over the past few years, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected billions of people worldwide. Most patients infected with COVID-19 present with fever, cough, headache, fatigue, and other clinical manifestations. For elderly patients or people with low immunity and underlying diseases, it is frequent to develop into severe or critical illness, which may even lead to multiple organ failure and death. Symptomatic treatment remains the most common treatment for patients with severe COVID-19 infection, whereas the effectiveness is limited. A large number of studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can inhibit viral growth, enhance tissue repair, and reduce inflammation, infection-induced cytokine storm, and multi-organ failure by secreting a variety of paracrine factors. In this paper, we summarized current relevant research, describe the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of MSCs in patients with severe COVID-19 infection-related diseases, and discuss the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their exosome derivatives in patients with critical infections.
Control Barrier Functions and Lidar-Inertial Odometry for Safe Drone Navigation in GNSS-denied Environments
Authors: Utku Unlu Halil , Chaikalis Dimitris , Gonçalves Vinicius , Tzes Anthony
Published: October 2023

This chapter is concerned with drone navigation in unknown, indoor environments. This necessitates using the onboard LiDAR and IMU sensors to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. Control barrier functions (CBFs) augmented with circulation constraints are designed for motion planning. CBFs ensure that the drone can safely navigate the unknown environment by avoiding obstacle collisions. The FAST-LIO package is used for SLAM and the generated OctoMap data are transmitted to the CBF-module motion planning algorithm. Simulation studies using the Gazebo Physics Engine with a coaxial hexarotor drone are provided to validate the efficacy of the suggested algorithm.
Surgical Management of Complicated Diverticulitis
Authors: Vaccaro Carlos , Avellaneda Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Diverticular disease is a prevalent condition that affects more people as they get older. Even though some patients have colonic diverticulosis with no symptoms and then require no treatment, some of the patients affected with this disease present repeated episodes of inflammation and end up requiring surgical treatment in an elective or urgent setting. When an acute episode of diverticulitis arises, it may require surgery, and these procedures are often challenging even for specialized colorectal surgeons. Furthermore, a lot has been written in the last years about what to do in an urgent scenario, ranging from just making a lavage of the abdominal cavity, to making a colonic resection with or without primary anastomosis (which brings more debate into the topic). Therefore, a chapter explaining the evidence-based management of acute colonic diverticulitis seems a relevant topic for this chapter.
The Role of African Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Achieving Restorative Justice among the Vhavenda of South Africa
Authors: Mawere Joshua , Walter Tshamano Ndwamato
Published: October 2023

This chapter focuses on exploring the impact of colonization on South Africa, with a specific focus on the Vhavenda community. The chapter aims to examine the role of African Indigenous Knowledge Systems in achieving restorative justice. The impact of colonization on the Vhavenda community is a complex issue that has had various impacts on their socioeconomic, cultural, and political development. The chapter uses a literature review research method, which involves a comprehensive examination of existing literature and scholarly works related to the research topic. The findings of this research suggest that the exploitation of the Vhavenda community has had severe adverse effects that continue to affect their lives to this day. The African Indigenous Knowledge Systems offer a unique approach to restorative justice by promoting healing and reconciliation through community involvement, storytelling, and cultural practices. The chapter concludes that the implementation of African Indigenous Knowledge Systems is crucial to achieving restorative justice in the Vhavenda community and throughout South Africa.
A Wearable Force-Feedback Mechanism for Immersive Free-Range Haptic Experience
Authors: Kudry Peter , Cohen Michael
Published: October 2023

This chapter presents the development of a wearable force-feedback mechanism designed to provide a free-range haptic experience within the spectrum of Extended Reality (XR). The proposed system offers untethered six degrees-of-freedom and small- to medium-scale force-feedback, enabling users to immerse themselves in haptic interactions within virtual environments. The hardware comprises a modified 3D Systems Touch haptic device, driven by software that allows for ambulatory exploration of various haptic aspects. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the precision, ergonomics, stability, usability, user experience, and performance of the system. Despite indication of software and hardware deficiencies, the results highlight the potential of combining haptic force-feedback and ambulatory XR to enhance immersion in free-range virtual environments. Furthermore, the integration of Mixed Reality pass-through enables users to seamlessly merge real-world environments with augmenting virtual elements. This extension contributes to the exploration of new possibilities for immersive and interactive experiences within mixed reality applications. Future research can delve deeper into the prototype’s potential, further unlocking opportunities for haptic-enabled ambulatory XR experiences and pushing the boundaries of immersive technologies.
Non-Particulate Quantum States of the Electromagnetic Field in Expanding Space-Time
Authors: Broadbridge Philip , Becirevic Sarah , Hoxley David
Published: October 2023

A quantum field has been coupled to a space-time with accelerating expansion. Dynamical modes are destabilised successively at shorter material wavelengths as they metamorphose from oscillators to repellers. Due to degeneracy of energy levels, the number of unstable modes increases at an accelerating rate, sufficient to account for a significant proportion of cosmic energy. For the subsystem spanned by a finite basis of unstable runaway modes, the quantum Hamiltonian is unbounded below. There is no Bogoliubov transformation by which that subsystem Hamiltonian can be expressed as a linear combination of number operators. For the remaining subsystem spanned by an infinite number of oscillator modes, there is an appropriate vacuum state in a Fock-Cook representation of the field algebra. The massless quantum vector field of electromagnetism is considered when it is minimally or more generally coupled to an expanding space-time. For a significant class of models, including minimal coupling models and the exponential de Sitter universe coupled to the Ricci curvature tensor, the field equations are equivalent to the Proca equation with time-dependent mass.
Perspective Chapter: Reading Comprehension – A Matter of Skill or Knowledge of the World?
Authors: Drobot Irina-Ana
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to understand how insights in psycholinguistics could help in the creation of reading comprehension exercises for various language proficiency tests. The author of this chapter has created and adapted reading comprehension questions for students in engineering, therefore the psycholinguistic theory insights will be applied to her experience and to the domain of engineering when it comes to the topic of the text. The psycholinguistic perspective could offer insights regarding how the reading process takes place. For example, how does the interaction between language and thought occur? In order to prepare reading comprehension questions, we should know which types of questions can be helpful in order to improve the students’ skills. There are many courses and sites claiming that they can help us read a whole book in only one day or in the shortest time possible. Psycholinguistics could highlight useful skimming techniques.
Hearing Aid Directional Microphone Systems for Hearing in Noise
Authors: T. Jespersen Charlotte
Published: October 2023

Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of permanent hearing loss. Most people with sensorineural hearing loss experience challenges with hearing in noisy situations, and this is the primary reason they seek help for their hearing loss. It also remains an area where hearing aid users often struggle. Directionality is the only hearing aid technology—in addition to amplification—proven to help hearing aid users hear better in noise. It amplifies sounds (sounds of interest) coming from one direction more than sounds (“noise”) coming from other directions, thereby providing a directional benefit. This book chapter describes the hearing-in-noise problem, natural directivity and hearing in noise, directional microphone systems, how directionality is quantified, and its benefits, limitations, and other clinical implications.
Financial Inclusion and Digital Financial Literacy: The Case of Microfinance Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Okičić Jasmina , Kokorović Jukan Meldina
Published: October 2023

This chapter discusses the nexus between financial inclusion and financial literacy, focusing on the microfinance institutions’ contribution to increasing of financial literacy and financial inclusion among their clients. The microfinance sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina is perceived as the most well-organized and regulated worldwide. We use it as a case example of how microfinance institutions make changes in the financial system landscape and contribute to the well-being of individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, microfinance institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina organized a series of workshops on digital financial literacy in order to provide their clients with the knowledge related to digital financial products/services used to help their clients better to integrate into the financial system. The chapter provides evidence on digital financial literacy initiatives contributing to financial literacy increase and more frequent usage of digital financial services contributing to greater financial inclusion of individuals. The presented research will contribute to the existing literature in terms of a better understanding of the importance of financial literacy and education in building inclusive financial systems as well as provide evidence of positive practices among financial institutions, namely microfinance institutions in regard to increasing financial literacy.
Cultivation and Product Development Study of Commercially Important Seaweeds in South-Eastern Coast of Bangladesh
Authors: Khairul Alam Sobuj Mohammad , Mohidul Islam Md. , Rahman Shafiqur , Mahmud Yahia
Published: October 2023

Seaweeds are predominantly macroscopic, multicellular, and photosynthetic marine algae that grow primarily in the ocean’s rocky littoral zone. About 154 seaweed species are found in our coastal area, of which 34 belong to green (Chlorophyta), 38 brown (Phaeophyta), and 82 red (Rhodophyta). Among them, 26 species are considered economically important based on their availability, abundance, and use. Seaweeds are mainly available in St. Martin Island, Shaporir dip, Inani, Bakkhali, Kutubdia, Patowartek, Pecherdwip, Teknaf, Shaplapur, and Moheshkhali in Cox’s Bazar region of Bangladesh. They are generally found on our Cox’s Bazar coast from October to April, but the highest abundance occurs from January to March. However, in the case of mangrove forests, seaweeds are available throughout the year. Additionally, seven species are considered commercially cultivable species. Their culture techniques were developed in the long-line and net methods at different Cox’s Bazar region sites. St. Martin Island had the highest biomass yield production of seaweed due to its favorable water quality parameters. Several value-added seaweed products were developed from dried seaweed powder. Industries based on seaweed can potentially contribute to the socioeconomic upliftment of the coastal inhabitants in Cox’s Bazar.
Mechanical Self-Assembly Technology for 2D Materials
Authors: Hu Kai-Ming , Zhang Wen-Ming
Published: October 2023

Self-assembled mechanical instabilities can offer a new technology roadmap for micro/nanopatterns of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which depends on the deterministic regulation of mechanical instability-induced self-assemblies. However, due to atomic thinness and ultra-low bending stiffness, different types of non-designable and non-deterministic multimode coupling mechanical instabilities, such as multimode-coupled crumpling, chaotic thermal-fluctuation-induced rippling, and unpredictable wrinkling, are extremely easy to be triggered in 2D materials. The above mode-coupled instabilities make it exceedingly difficult to controllably self-assemble 2D nanocrystals into designed morphologies. In this chapters, we will introduce a novel micro/nanopatterning technology of 2D materials based on mechanical self-assemblies. Firstly, a post-curing transfer strategy is proposed to fabricate multiscale conformal wrinkle micro/nanostructures of 2D materials. Secondly, we report a deterministic self-assembly for programmable micro/nanopatterning technology of atomically thin 2D materials via constructing novel 2D materials/IML/substrate trilayer systems. Finally, based on the micro/nanopatterning technology of 2D materials, we proposed a new fabrication method for the flexible micro/nano-electronics of deterministically self-assembled 2D materials including three-dimensional (3D) tactile and gesture sensors. We fundamentally overcome the key problem of self-assembly manipulation from randomness to determinism mode by decoupling mono-mode mechanical instability, providing new opportunities for programmable micro/nanopatterns of 2D materials. Moreover, mechanical instability-driven micro/nanopatterning technology enables simpler fabrication methods of self-assembled electronics based on 2D materials.
Cross-Cultural Experiences of Canadian Science Educators Visiting the Sister Schools in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Cultural Experience
Authors: M. Iacobelli Emilia , Salinitri Geri
Published: October 2023

The benefit of cross-cultural learning is two-fold: first is recognizing the practices and foundations that build education in another country. The second is reflecting on the educational practices within one’s home country. Cross-cultural learning also allows one to put the practice of education into perspective by having another side to which they can compare their experiences. This research is a narrative inquiry case study of the Canadian perspective and experience of two in-service science teachers who visited sister schools in China. This case study explores Canadian teachers’ perceptions of teaching science, what inquiry-based teaching looks like, what equipment aids in the process, and what experiences and teaching methodologies can be shared between Canadian schools and the Sister Schools in Chongqing, China. This research was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Partnership Grant.
Sperm Physiology of South American Camelids
Authors: Walter Bravo Matheus Pedro
Published: October 2023

The sperm physiology of South American camelids from samples collected by vaginal aspiration of the ejaculate reveals that it is perfectly sound for semen analysis. There are no significant differences between llama and alpaca semen. Volume (4 mL), motility (70%), viability (85%), concentration (32 million), normal spermatozoa (76%), abnormal heads (8%), cytoplasmic droplets (5%), abnormal tails (8.5%) and morphology is comparable to semen collected with an artificial vagina. The most salient feature is the epididymal spermatozoa’s concentration (327 million/mL). Glucose and fructose are present in uterine and oviductal fluid with less glucose concentration by 24 h after ejaculation which is concomitant with decreased spermatozoa motility. Supplemental nutrition of the male effectively improved spermatozoa concentration to 192 million spermatozoa/mL rather than 60 million in males not receiving any supplement. Altogether, practitioners and scientists could use the information in this chapter, especially spermatozoa features within the uterus and the oviduct.
Emerging Thin Films Electrochemical Applications: The Role of Interface
Authors: Dong Dongmei
Published: October 2023

Despite the natural cycle of climate change being unavoidable and the reality, history has been telling the living the previous civilizations that have overstressed themselves or pushed the consumption of natural resources to the limit, and the consequence soon shows the alert in the climate. It is a critical period of time to change the current in response to climate change by employing environmentally friendly and emission-free energy technologies. The applications of advanced functional thin films ranging from the quantum level to nano and microscale, from inorganic metal oxides to conductive polymers, have been pushing the rapid development of energy-saving technologies and clean and renewable energy production, storage, and conversion in the past decade. This specific chapter focuses on fundamental- and applied- science on various advanced thin films and their applications in reliable renewable energy devices and/or systems, including but not limited to electrochromics, supercapacitors, fuel cells, flow batteries, electrolysis, triboelectricity, etc. Given that much of the work is realized across interfaces, the spotlight is shielded onto the interface of thin films in electrochemistry with different emerging cutting-edge ongoing research examples.
Peranpersonal Hygiene Penjamah Makanan Dengan Escherichia Coli Pada Alat Makan di Rumah Makan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tatelu Kecamatan Dimembe Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Authors: Rokot Agus , M. Pandean Marlyn , Kendung Mutiara
Published: October 2023

Hygiene perorangan merupakan perilaku bersih, aman dan sehat, untuk mencegah terjadinya kontaminasi pada makanan mulai dari persiapan bahan makanan sampai penyajian makanan. Escherichia coli merupakan salah satu bakteri koliform yang termasuk dalam famili Enterobacteriaceae.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Hubungan Personal Hygiene Penjamah Makanan denganEscherichia Coli pada Alat Makan di Rumah Makan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tatelu Kecamatan Dimembe Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 5 rumah makan, diambil 4 jenis alat makan dan 20 penjamah makanan sehingga total sampel adalah 20 sampel yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, Pengambilan sampel alat makan dengan menggunakan metode usap alat makan dan uji laboratorium pada sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Personal Hygiene penjamah makanan yang baik berjumlah 6 orang (30%) dan yang kurang baik berjumlah 14 orang (70%) dengan Escherichia Coli pada alat makan yang positif berjumlah 13 (65%) dan negatif berjumlah 7 (35%).Hasil uji korelasi antara Personal hygiene penjamah makanan dengan E. Coli pada alat makan menunjukan nilai korelasi r sebesar 0,663 dengan taraf signifikasi 0,001 (p<0,05), artinya bahwa hubungan Personal hygiene penjamah makanan mempunyai hubungan kuat dengan keberadaan E. Coli pada alat makan.Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima terdapat hubungan antara Personal Hygiene penjamah makanan dengan Escherichia Coli pada alat makan di rumah makan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tatelu Kecamatan Dimembe Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.
Occupational Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on Workers: A Literature Review
Authors: Amin Fauziah , Oginawati Katharina
Published: October 2023

The median nerve at the wrist becomes crushed in a condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the worker's hand's palm. Risk elements for CTS include things like uncomfortable body posture at work, repetitive hand motions, and vibration exposure. Reviewing prior research on the connection between CTS and potential risk factors such worker hand posture, exposure to hand-arm vibrations, and repetitive hand movements is the goal of this study. The research approach involves searching for relevant articles using the terms carpal tunnel syndrome AND (occupational risk factors OR uncomfortable posture OR hand-arm vibrations OR repeated hand movements) in databases like ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Scopus. The study indicates that Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is related to repetitive hand movements, hand-arm vibrations, and awkward hand posture during work. This research implies the importance of awareness about occupational safety. Additionally, the study suggests that job designs considering repetitive hand movements, vibrations, and incorrect posture can reduce the risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Therefore, it is hoped that organizations and workers can collaborate to create a safer, healthier, and more productive work environment.
Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Professional Judgments in a Small Audit Firm Context
Authors: Bento Regina F. , White Lourdes F. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2023

The recent availability of affordable Artificial Intelligence (AI) for auditing has enabled small audit firms to experiment with this disruptive innovation. This paper goes beyond the literature’s traditional focus on the Big Four accounting firms, to present two studies that explored ethical professional judgments in the use of AI in this new organizational context, crucial for the global economy. Study 1 was a qualitative investigation of a small audit firm near Washington DC, one of the earliest adopters of MindBridge Ai Auditor, the world’s first off-the-self, affordable AI-powered auditing platform. Drawing from Study 1 insights, we developed a two-part scenario that was used for a survey in Study 2, a quantitative investigation involving sixty-eight accounting professionals and 176 students. The findings from both studies have relevant theoretical and practical implications for how AI may impact professionalism / commercialism tensions in small audit firms.
A Review of the Implementation of Strategic Human Resource Management in Educational Institutions
Authors: Jumadi Jumadi , Tukiran Martinus , Pratiwi Ika , Hutabarat Rinsan
Published: October 2023

This article aims to review three articles on the topic of implementing strategic human resource management in educational institutions and discuss their relationship with several theories and concepts. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method by reviewing literature from ScienceDirect indexed journals to ensure the availability of research related to strategic human resource management. The findings show that researchers linking SHRM with school growth, managing education requires a combination of consultative, collegial approaches and strong human resource management. The articles reviewed treat the topic of SHRM differently, but, overall, they identified existing gaps in SHRM research and pointed out the importance of aligning HR practices with organizational goals particularly in the management of teachers and core managers
New Culture Integration in the Merger of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI)
Authors: Kurniawan Eric
Published: October 2023

Post-merger cultural integration is very important and fundamental for companies that carry out mergers. Because the implementation of a merger or merger of two or more different entities poses challenges to changes in organizational structure, organizational culture and corporate systems. As in the research of K. Bijlsma-Frankema who examines the success factors of cultural integration and the process of cultural change in mergers and acquisitions. With research on the effects of friction between structure and culture, as well as friction between different cultures, on organizational functioning. The purpose of this study is to determine how the process of developing new culture integration policies in Bank Syariah Indonesia mergers, implementation strategies and the implications of implementing new culture integration in Bank Syariah Indonesia mergers. This research uses qualitative methods, where the object of research is seven relevant BSI employees. The main theory used in this study is the theory of Organizational Culture developed by Cortina which is a guideline for integrating culture successfully in the organization that carries out the merger. The theory of Seven Steps to Merger Excellence Hill, R. Weiner and Weiner and the supporting theory initiated by Picot related to three strategies in cultural integration. In the implementation of new cultural integration, BSI has 3 stages of implementation, namely; (1) Diagnostic, (2) Activation, and (3) Destination. The results showed that the new culture integration (NCI) process in the BSI merger did not run instantly, but through the process of pre-merger, planning, implementation, and evaluation. NCI Implementation Strategy in BSI merger with optimization of the role of leaders to provide inspiration and motivation to all employees. The implications of NCI in the BSI merger lie in changes in structure, products and human resources.