bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A quantitative theory and atomistic simulation study on the soft-sphere crystal–melt interfacial properties. I. Kinetic coefficients
Authors: Wang Ya-Shen , Zhang Xin , Liang Zun , Liang Hong-Tao , Yang Yang , Laird Brian B.
Published: August 2024

By employing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations and time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) theory for solidification kinetics [Cryst. Growth Des. 20, 7862 (2020)], we predict the kinetic coefficients of FCC(100) crystal–melt interface (CMI) of soft-spheres modeled with an inverse-sixth-power repulsive potential. The collective dynamics of the local interfacial liquid phase at the equilibrium FCC(100) CMIs are calculated based on a recently proposed algorithm [J. Chem. Phys. 157, 084 709 (2022)] and are employed as the resulting parameter that eliminates the discrepancy between the predictions of the kinetic coefficient using the NEMD simulations and the TDGL solidification theory. A speedup of the two modes of the interfacial liquid collective dynamics (at wavenumbers equal to the principal and the secondary reciprocal lattice vector of the grown crystal) is observed. With the insights provided by the quantitative predictive theory, the variation of the solidification kinetic coefficient along the crystal–melt coexistence boundary is discussed. The combined methodology (simulation and theory) presented in this study could be further applied to investigate the role of the inter-atomic potential (e.g., softness parameter s = 1/n of the inverse-power repulsive potential) in the kinetic coefficient.
Extremely lower lasing threshold in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate dual glass microspheres
Authors: Huang Qing , Bai Shengchuang , Zhuo Haonan , Yu Zhouyi , Gao Yixiao , Dai Shixun , Nie Qiuhua , Yousef El Sayed , Wang Xunsi , Wang Rongping
Published: August 2024

Erbium-doped glass microsphere laser systems hold significant promise in the applications of bio-medicine and optical fiber sensing. However, their development has been hindered by the relatively high laser pump threshold. In this study, we proposed a unique dual microsphere system where two microspheres are affixed to a single-mode fiber taper and achieved a remarkably low lasing threshold of 19 μW for single-mode laser emission at 1544 nm. This is in sharp contrast with the lasing threshold of 56 μW observed in single microspheres. Our findings represent a significant achievement in the development of low-threshold, compact infrared laser sources for emerging applications in photonics.
Performance predictions of the SPARC x-ray crystal spectrometers for ion temperature and toroidal rotation measurements
Authors: Perks C. , Vezinet D. , Rice J. E. , Reinke M. L.
Published: August 2024

SPARC will be outfitted with three systems of x-ray crystal spectrometer arrays. Two of these are designed using cylindrically bent crystals to achieve high spectral-resolution for ion temperature and toroidal velocity measurements via imaging He-like Kr and Ne-like Xe. The last acts as a spectral survey system to monitor Ne-like W and nearby H- and He-like emission from Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. Line radiation intensities are calculated using the Flexible Atomic Code for atomic data and ColRadPy for collisional-radiative modeling, then convoluted with a Voigt line shape. Free–free, free-bound, and two-photon continuum radiation is also included. The ToFu code is used to perform volume-of-sight integration to produce synthetic detector images. In addition, presented is cross-validation performed using the XICSRT Monte Carlo ray-tracing code. Ion temperature and toroidal velocity profiles are reconstructed using ToFu via tomographic inversion.
Abnormal compression behavior with unexpected negative linear compressibility of γ-AlOOH nanotubes
Authors: Xing Xuhong , Wei Ziqin , Jiang Lina , Zhang Jian , Luo Yaxiao , Ma Yanmei , Cui Qiliang
Published: August 2024

Due to their unique compositional, structural, and morphological characteristics, hydrogen bonded two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and their one-dimensional tubular derivatives are endowed with great importance in the fields of both fundamental sciences and potential applications. In this work, γ-AlOOH nanotubes have been synthesized via a template-free one-step solvothermal alcoholysis method. The pressure response of the samples under static compression is investigated by in situ high-pressure angle dispersive synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniques. The results indicate that the compression behavior of nanotubes is different from those of its counterparts in the bulk and the nanoflake form. At pressures below 9.4 GPa, the unit-cell parameters a, b, and c decrease monotonously with pressure. In the pressure range of 10.6–19.9 GPa, an unexpected negative linear compressibility along the c-axis is observed experimentally in the compression behavior. When the high pressure is gradually released, it is evidenced that the compression of the prepared γ-AlOOH nanotubes is irreversible. The observed abnormal compression behavior and the unexpected negative linear compressibility may be explained by inflation associated with incorporation of the pressure transmitting medium within the interior cavity of the tubular nanostructures. Such a counter-intuitive phenomenon may find potential applications under high pressures.
The surface tension of Martini 3 water mixtures
Authors: Iannetti Lorenzo , Cambiaso Sonia , Rasera Fabio , Giacomello Alberto , Rossi Giulia , Bochicchio Davide , Tinti Antonio
Published: August 2024

The Martini model, a coarse-grained forcefield for biomolecular simulations, has experienced a vast increase in popularity in the past decade. Its building-block approach balances computational efficiency with high chemical specificity, enabling the simulation of organic and inorganic molecules. The modeling of coarse-grained beads as Lennard-Jones particles poses challenges for the accurate reproduction of liquid–vapor interfacial properties, which are crucial in various applications, especially in the case of water. The latest version of the forcefield introduces refined interaction parameters for water beads, tackling the well-known artifact of Martini water freezing at room temperature. In addition, multiple sizes of water beads are available for simulating the solvation of small cavities, including the smallest pockets of proteins. This work focuses on studying the interfacial properties of Martini water, including surface tension and surface thickness. Employing the test-area method, we systematically compute the liquid–vapor surface tension across various combinations of water bead sizes and for temperatures from 300 to 350 K. These findings are of interest to the Martini community as they allow users to account for the low interfacial tension of Martini water by properly adjusting observables computed via coarse-grained simulations to allow for accurate matching against all-atom or experimental results. Surface tension data are also interpreted in terms of local enrichment of the various mixture components at the liquid–vapor interface by means of Gibbs’ adsorption formalism. Finally, the critical scaling of the Martini surface tension with temperature is reported to be consistent with the critical exponent of the 3D Ising universality class.
Exact solutions, conservation laws, and shock wave propagation of two-lanes traffic flow model via Lie symmetry
Authors: Shagolshem Sumanta , Bira B. , Nagaraja K. V.
Published: August 2024

In this study, we consider a hyperbolic system of quasi-linear partial differential equations, governed by the traffic flow model on two lanes. We employ symmetry analysis and establish one-dimensional optimal subalgebras. Subsequently, we reduce the model into a system of ordinary differential equations for each optimal subalgebra and construct some new exact solutions; some of them are presented graphically. Further, by imposing the traveling wave transformation, we derive solutions including peakon-type solitons and upward parabola solitons. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of the nonlinear self-adjointness property of the model and formulate conservation laws. Finally, we discussed the evolutionary behavior of C1-waves, characteristic shock, and their interactions through one of the obtained exact solutions.
Sulfur recombination: A direct approach
Authors: Koots R. , Brown G. , Pérez-Ríos J.
Published: August 2024

This work presents a direct three-body recombination approach of the sulfur recombination reaction, S + S + M → S2 + M, at temperatures between 100 and 500 K. Our calculations for M = Ar, based on a classical trajectory approach in hyperspherical coordinates, show excellent agreement with the experimental measurement at T = 298 K of Fair and Thrush [Trans. Faraday Soc. 65, 1208 (1969)]. Similarly, we find that the production of S2 strongly depends on the SAr product, the other possible reaction channel. Finally, using the classical threshold law, we check sulfur recombination with another third body, M = H2S, and find no significant change in the rate.
Low-frequency dynamics of turbulent recirculation bubbles
Authors: Laguarda Luis , Hickel Stefan
Published: August 2024

We revisit the origin of low-frequency unsteadiness in turbulent recirculation bubbles (TRBs), and, in particular, the hypothesis of a dynamic feedback mechanism between unconstrained separation and reattachment locations. To this end, we conduct wall-resolved large-eddy simulations of a novel experimental configuration where a shock-induced TRB forms over a backward-facing step that is intended to intercept the hypothesized dynamic feedback. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, effective suppression of the low-frequency characteristics of the TRB without reducing its size, strongly supporting our hypothesis.
Comparing gas composition from fast pyrolysis of live foliage measured in bench-scale and fire-scale experiments
Authors: Weise David R. , Fletcher Thomas H. , Johnson Timothy J. , Hao Wei Min , Dietenberger Mark , Princevac Marko , Butler Bret W. , McAllister Sara S. , O’Brien Joseph J. , Louise Loudermilk E. , Ottmar Roger D. , Hudak Andrew T. , Kato Akira , Shotorban Babak , Mahalingam Shankar , Myers Tanya L. , Palarea-Albaladejo Javier , Baker Stephen P.
Published: August 2024

Background Fire models have used pyrolysis data from oxidising and non-oxidising environments for flaming combustion. In wildland fires pyrolysis, flaming and smouldering combustion typically occur in an oxidising environment (the atmosphere). Aims Using compositional data analysis methods, determine if the composition of pyrolysis gases measured in non-oxidising and ambient (oxidising) atmospheric conditions were similar.  Methods Permanent gases and tars were measured in a fuel-rich (non-oxidising) environment in a flat flame burner (FFB). Permanent and light hydrocarbon gases were measured for the same fuels heated by a fire flame in ambient atmospheric conditions (oxidising environment). Log-ratio balances of the measured gases common to both environments (CO, CO2, CH4, H2, C6H6O (phenol), and other gases) were examined by principal components analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Key results Mean composition changed between the non-oxidising and ambient atmosphere samples. PCA showed that flat flame burner (FFB) samples were tightly clustered and distinct from the ambient atmosphere samples. CDA found that the difference between environments was defined by the CO-CO2 log-ratio balance. PERMANOVA and pairwise comparisons found FFB samples differed from the ambient atmosphere samples which did not differ from each other. Conclusion Relative composition of these pyrolysis gases differed between the oxidising and non-oxidising environments. This comparison was one of the first comparisons made between bench-scale and field scale pyrolysis measurements using compositional data analysis. Implications These results indicate the need for more fundamental research on the early time-dependent pyrolysis of vegetation in the presence of oxygen.
A circuit motif for color in the human foveal retina
Authors: Kim Yeon Jin , Packer Orin , Dacey Dennis M.
Published: August 2024

The neural pathways that start human color vision begin in the complex synaptic network of the foveal retina where signals originating in long (L), middle (M), and short (S) wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor types are compared through antagonistic interactions, referred to as opponency. In nonhuman primates, two cone opponent pathways are well established: an L vs. M cone circuit linked to the midget ganglion cell type, often called the red-green pathway, and an S vs. L + M cone circuit linked to the small bistratified ganglion cell type, often called the blue-yellow pathway. These pathways have been taken to correspond in human vision to cardinal directions in a trichromatic color space, providing the parallel inputs to higher-level color processing. Yet linking cone opponency in the nonhuman primate retina to color mechanisms in human vision has proven particularly difficult. Here, we apply connectomic reconstruction to the human foveal retina to trace parallel excitatory synaptic outputs from the S-ON (or “blue-cone”) bipolar cell to the small bistratified cell and two additional ganglion cell types: a large bistratified ganglion cell and a subpopulation of ON-midget ganglion cells, whose synaptic connections suggest a significant and unique role in color vision. These two ganglion cell types are postsynaptic to both S-ON and L vs. M opponent midget bipolar cells and thus define excitatory pathways in the foveal retina that merge the cardinal red-green and blue-yellow circuits, with the potential for trichromatic cone opponency at the first stage of human vision.
Multifunctional biomolecular corona-inspired nanoremediation of antibiotic residues
Authors: Hou Jie , Lu Yuqi , Chen Qiqi , Liao Xinyi , Wu Xinyue , Sang Kaijian , White Jason C. , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L. , Xu Jiang , Zhang Jianying , Yang Kun , Zhu Lizhong , Lin Daohui
Published: August 2024

Facing complex and variable emerging antibiotic pollutants, the traditional development of functional materials is a “trial-and-error” process based on physicochemical principles, where laborious steps and long timescales make it difficult to accelerate technical breakthroughs. Notably, natural biomolecular coronas derived from highly tolerant organisms under significant contamination scenarios can be used in conjunction with nanotechnology to tackling emerging contaminants of concern. Here, super worms (
Tubifex tubifex
) with high pollutant tolerance were integrated with nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) to effectively reduce the content of 17 antibiotics in wastewater within 7 d. Inspired by the synergistic remediation, nZVI-augmented worms were constructed as biological nanocomposites. Neither nZVI (0.3 to 3 g/L) nor worms (10
4
to 10
5
per liter) alone efficiently degraded florfenicol (FF, as a representative antibiotic), while their composite removed 87% of FF (3 μmol/L). Under antibiotic exposure, biomolecules secreted by worms formed a corona on and modified the nZVI particle surface, enabling the nano–bio interface greater functionality, including responsiveness, enrichment, and reduction. Mechanistically, FF exposure activated glucose–alanine cycle pathways that synthesize organic acids and amines as major metabolites, which were assembled into vesicles and secreted, thereby interacting with nZVI in a biologically response design strategy. Lactic acid and urea formed hydrogen bonds with FF, enriched analyte presence at the heterogeneous interface. Succinic and lactic acids corroded the nZVI passivation layer and promoted electron transfer through surface conjugation. This unique strategy highlights biomolecular coronas as a complex resource to augment nano-enabled technologies and will provide shortcuts for rational manipulation of nanomaterial surfaces with coordinated multifunctionalities.
Valency patterns in Mande
Authors: Khachaturyan Maria , Moroz George , Vydrin Valentin , Konoshenko Maria
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we address valency patterns in seven Mande languages with various degrees of genealogical
proximity. Our study is based on the BivalTyp questionnaire focusing on 130 two-place predicates (Say 2020). While belonging to two distinct genetic groupings, two languages of the set, i.e. Mano
(Southern Mande) and Kpelle (Southwestern Mande), are in intense contact with one another. We found that although Mano verbal
stems are virtually unaffected by contact, the patterns of valency expression, including construction types and choice of
postposition, but also the semantics of complex verbs are strongly influenced by Kpelle. This study thus adds further evidence for
the predominance of pattern borrowing in multilingual settings.
Translation selection and the consecration of Dylan Thomas’s poetry in China
Authors: Yu Jinquan , Shen Chunli
Published: August 2024

Dylan Thomas’s poetry can be seen both as minor Welsh literature and world literature. Drawing on Bourdieu’s
concepts of field and capital, this article explores the mechanism of translation selection and consecration of Thomas’s poetry in
China by using his poetry published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press as an illustrative case study. In so doing, it
is argued that the integrated forms of linguistic, economic, and symbolic capital associated with Thomas’s poetry, along with the
expiration of its copyright, prompted the publisher to select his poetry for translation to maintain its own dominant position in
the Chinese publishing field. The publisher, translator, and other agents have consecrated Thomas’s poetry as world literature in
China. This article expands research on inter-peripheral translation flows and ‘sociologies of poetry translation’ and advances
interdisciplinary studies of translation and world literature.
A novel meta-learning network with adversarial domain-adaptation and attention mechanism for cross-domain for train bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhong Hao , He Deqiang , Wei Zexian , Jin Zhenzhen , Lao Zhenpeng , Xiang Zaiyu , Shan Sheng
Published: August 2024

Traction motor bearings, serving as a critical component in trains, have a significant impact on ensuring the safety of train operations. However, there is a scarcity of sample data for bearing failures during train operations, and the complex and variable operating conditions of train bearings result in significant differences in domain distribution. Traditional cross-domain fault diagnosis methods are no longer adequate for addressing train bearing faults. Therefore, this study proposes a novel adversarial domain-adaptation meta-learning network (NADMN) for the purpose of diagnosing train bearing faults. Firstly, a deep convolutional neural network is proposed, which enhances the model’s feature extraction capability by incorporating attention mechanisms. Moreover, by employing domain adversarial adaptation learning strategy, it effectively extracts domain-invariant features from both source and target domains, thereby achieving generalization across different domains. Three experiments of bearing fault diagnosis are carried out, and the superiority of NADMN is proved by charts, confusion matrix and visualization techniques. Compared with the other five methods, NADMN showed obvious advantages in diagnostic scenarios characterized by significant changes in domain distribution.
Analysis on optical, thermal and third-order nonlinear properties of L-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate single crystal
Authors: Badoni Ayush , Kiran  , Vijayan N , Joshi Divyansh , Jyoti  , Kumar Kapil , Srivastava Stuti , Prakash Jai
Published: August 2024

This research contributes valuable insights into the understanding of third-order nonlinear optical effects in L-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate (LHHC) single crystal, offering a foundation for future work in optimizing its properties for practical applications in the field of nonlinear optics. It presents a systematic analysis into the LHHC crystal properties harvested by slow evaporation solution (SEST) method. Originally, structure of the compound was confirmed through single crystal x-ray diffraction and powder x-ray diffraction analysis. FTIR analysis was performed to get information about molecular composition of the compound. The assessment of the optical quality of LHHC single crystal was done by UV–Visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies. TG-DTA was employed to assess the stability of the single crystal under different temperature conditions. Z-scan technique, with an open aperture (OA) & closed aperture (CA) configuration, was employed to comprehensively explore the third-order nonlinear response of LHHC single crystal. The nonlinear absorption coefficient β is determined to be 5.32 × 10−10 cm W−1. The NLR index (n2) is calculated as −2.72 × 10−15 cm2 W−1.
A note on field equations in generalized theories of gravity
Authors: Peng Jun-Jin
Published: August 2024

In the work [Phys. Rev. D
84, 124 041 (2011)], to obtain a simple and economic formulation of field equations for generalised theories of gravity described by the Lagrangian

−
g

L

g

α
β

,

R

μ
ν
ρ
σ

, the key equality

∂
L

/

∂

g

μ
ν

R

α
β
κ
ω

=
2

P

μ

λ
ρ
σ

R

ν
λ
ρ
σ

was derived. In this note, it is demonstrated that such an equality can be directly derived from an off-shell Noether current associated with an arbitrary vector field. As byproducts, a generalized Bianchi identity related to the divergence for the expression of field equations, together with the Noether potential, is obtained. On the basis of the above, we further propose a systematic procedure to derive the equations of motion from the Noether current, and then this procedure is extended to more general higher-order gravities endowed with the Lagrangian encompassing additional terms of the covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor. To our knowledge, both the detailed expressions for field equations and the Noether potential associated with such theories are first given at a general level. All the results reveal that using the Noether current to determine field equations establishes a straightforward connection between the symmetry of the Lagrangian and the equations of motion and such a remedy even can avoid calculating the derivative of the Lagrangian density with respect to the metric.
SPPs based nano refractive index sensor for sodium and potassium ion concentration detection in human blood
Authors: Wang Jin , Yan Shubin , Liu Feng , Chen Changxin , Yan Xiaoran , Xu Aiwei , Wu Taiquan
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a micro-nano sensing configuration constructed from MIM waveguide and a semicircular cavity with annular cavity (SCAC) based on surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) is submitted. And the sensing property of the waveguide coupling construction is investigated using the finite element method. The optimization emulation results show that the broadband mode generated by the two rectangular cavities on the bus waveguide interacts with the narrowband mode generated by the main construction SCAC, and the radiation spectroscopy of the system appears to be significantly sharp and asymmetric, which is the Fano resonance phenomenon. The impact of external environmental changes on the capability of the sensing structure was investigated by altering the geometric argument of the designed structure afterwards. The final system can achieve a sensitivity of 2600 nm RIU−1 and a figure of merit (FOM) of 47.27. It was then applied to biosensing and its sensitivity as a human sodium and potassium ion concentration detection sensor was investigated and the best can be achieved at 0.415

mgd
l

−
1

and 0.525

mgd
l

−
1

.
The influence of jet on aerodynamic noise in the pantograph area at different sinking heights
Authors: Cao Yangyang , Zhang Jiye , Shi Jiawei , Ma Yuzhe
Published: August 2024

The influence mechanism of jet on aerodynamic noise control in the pantograph region at different sinking heights was numerically studied using an Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) model and the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation. Active flow control was achieved by setting jet slots at the leading edge of the cavity to predict the noise generated by the jet itself. The results showed that in the pantograph region with a sinking height of 500 mm, the shear layer was lifted by the jet, which prevented high-speed turbulence caused by flow separation from entering the cavity. Therefore, the model with jet control device reduced the overall far-field noise on the side of the pantograph by 1.6 ∼ 3.9 dB. Through flow field analysis, for the pantograph region where flow separation occurs in the front of the cavity, the jet needs to lift the shear layer enough to cross the front of the pantograph and prevent flow separation, thereby reducing the aerodynamic noise. For the pantograph region without flow separation in the front of the cavity, the jet may introduce additional noise sources, deteriorating the aerodynamic noise in the pantograph region.
Analytical study of the thermoelectric properties in silicene
Authors: Amarnath R , Bhargavi K S , Kubakaddi S S
Published: August 2024

Theoretically, we investigate the thermoelectric (TE) properties namely, electrical conductivity (σ), diffusion thermopower (S
d), power factor (PF), electronic thermal conductivity (κ
e) and thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) for silicene on Al2O3 substrate. TE coefficients are obtained by solving the Boltzmann transport equation taking account of the electron scattering by all the relevant scattering mechanisms in silicene, namely charged impurity (CI), short-range disorder (SD), intra- and inter-valley acoustic (APs) and optical (OPs) phonons, and surface optical phonons (SOPs). The TE properties are numerically studied as a function of temperature T (2–400K) and electron concentration n
s(0.1–10 × 1012 cm−2). The calculated σ and S
dare found to be governed by CIs at low temperatures (T< ∼ 10 K), similar to that in graphene. At higher T, they are found to be mainly dominated by the intra- and inter-valley APs. The resultant σ (S
d) is found to decrease (increase) with increasing T, whereas PF remains nearly constant for T> ∼ 100 K. On the other hand, n
s dependence shows that σ (S
d) increases (decreases) with increasing n
s; with PF relatively constant at lower n
s and then decreases with increasing n
s. At room temperature, the calculated σ (S
d) in silicene is closer to that in graphene and about an order of magnitude greater (less) than that in monolayer (ML) MoS2. The κ
e is found to be weakly depending on T and Wiedemann–Franz law is shown to be violated. We have predicted a maximum PF ∼3.5 mW m−1 K−2, at 300 K for n
s = 0.1 × 1012 cm−2 from which the estimated ZT = 0.11, taking a theoretically predicted lattice thermal conductivity κ
l = 9.4 Wm−1 K−1, is a maximum. This ZT is much greater than that of graphene and ML MoS2. The ZT is found to decrease with the increasing n
s. The ZT values for other values of n
s in silicene, at 300 K, also show much superiority over graphene, thus making silicene a preferred thermoelectric material because of its relatively large σ and very small κ
l.
Plug-and-play four-state modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Hui , Feng Yanyan , Shi Ronghua , Shi Jinjing
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a novel and highly efficient secure communication scheme is proposed through the integration of four-state modulation quantum key distribution and plug-and-play technology. This scheme serves the purpose of transmitting information reliably while preserving data confidentiality between two communicating parties. The most important advantage of the proposed continuous-variable QKD system is that the birefringence effect in fiber can be compensated automatically. Notably, simulation experimental evaluations are conducted, unveiling the performance of the plug-and-play four-state QKD which is as good as the four-state protocol when having small Rayleigh scattering noise. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of potential security threats targeted at the proposed protocol, thereby substantiating its robustness against such attacks. Moreover, theoretical justifications are provided to validate the security of the proposed scheme.
Transition to chaos in magnetized rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Authors: Oliveira Dalton N , Chertovskih Roman , Rempel Erico L , Franco Francis F
Published: August 2024

Transition to chaos and magnetic field generation are investigated in numerical simulations of three-dimensional rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection. The behavior of the system is explored as a function of the rotation speed, measured by the Taylor number, the thermal buoyancy strength, measured by the Rayleigh number, and the magnetic Prandtl number. In the absence of magnetic field, a detailed exploration of the space of parameters reveals a sequence of Hopf bifurcations leading to quasiperiodicity and chaos. It is shown that rotation can dampen convection for low values of the Rayleigh number, but if buoyancy is strong enough to keep the convection, then rotation facilitates transition to chaos. In the presence of a weak seed magnetic field, convective motions may trigger a nonlinear dynamo that converts kinetic energy into magnetic energy, leading to an exponential increase of the magnetic energy. A nonhysteretic blowout bifurcation is shown to be responsible for the onset of the dynamo regime for a critical magnetic Prandtl number, whose value depends on the rotation rate.
Collision dynamics between breather and lump-type localized waves in the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation
Authors: Tang Yuan , Wang Chuanjian , Liu Qingxing , Li Changzhao
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the collision dynamics of breather and lump-type localized waves in the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation are investigated in detail. Firstly, the auto-Bäcklund transformation and the linear representation of the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation are derived in virtue of the truncated Painlevé expansion method, which provide convenience in solving the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation. Secondly, based on the linear representation and the principle of linear superposition, the rational solutions in the exponential and polynomial forms are constructed. Tuning the free parameters of the rational solutions, localized waves of various patterns are obtained such as breather, lump-type localized waves and their hybrid structure. The anomalous inelastic interaction phenomenons of breather and lump-type localized waves are exhibited. Thirdly, combining the large-time behaviors of solution with the velocity relationship of localized waves, the dynamical properties and the classification of localized wave solutions are discussed in detail. Finally, we discuss the bound state of breather and lump-type localized waves under the velocity resonance condition, three different types of lump-breather molecules are displayed. The obtained results further enrich the structures and dynamical behaviors of localized waves. It is expected that the interaction phenomena taking place in the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation will be helpful in predicting or controlling some related shallow water wave phenomena.
Advanced error correction method for quantum key distribution in IoT systems
Authors: Guitouni Zied , Maize Sirine , Zrigui Mounir , Machhout Mohsen
Published: August 2024

The secure distribution of keys is essential to ensuring the privacy and integrity of data in Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, such as BB84, use principles from quantum mechanics to establish secure communication channels. However, errors that occur during the transmission of qubits can compromise the reliability of the shared key. This paper presents a new method for error correction that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) into the BB84 protocol for QKD in IoT systems. By harnessing the exceptional pattern recognition capabilities of CNNs, our approach learns hierarchical representations from preprocessed quantum channel data to effectively identify and correct errors. Extensive simulations demonstrate the high performance of our CNN-based method in reducing the Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER). This contribution significantly enhances the security and reliability of key distribution, offering a promising solution for robust quantum communication in IoT environments.
Dielectric resonator antenna with square slot dgs and amc support for gain enhancement
Authors: Ch Raghavendra , M Neelaveni Ammal , Madhav B T P
Published: August 2024

A miniatured Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) designed on Defected ground structure (DGS) with backing of Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) is presented in this work. The designed antenna showing wide bandwidth to cover WLAN, Wi-Fi and 5G communication applications under sub 6 GHz range and X-band for satellite communication device applications. Antenna occupying the dimension of 35 × 30 × 1.6 mm on Rogers RT-duroid 5880 substrate material, DRA on alumina material of permittivity 9.8 with dimension of 25 × 20 × 10 mm and the AMC surface of dimension 60 × 58 × 1.6 mm on FR4 substrate material. The constructed antenna resonating in the wide band from 3.4–11.5 GHz by holding overall bandwidth of 8.11GHz and an impedance bandwidth of 139%. The DRA placed over the antenna providing the axial ratio at two bands of 4.2–6 GHz and 9.2 to 11.4 GHz with axial bandwidth of 36% and 28% respectively. The placement of AMC structure beneath the antenna exhibiting an improvement in gain of 9% and an average gain attained in the operating band is around 7.2 dBi. The unique combination of monopole antenna with DRA and AMC providing excellent bandwidth, axial ratio and gain.
Optical design of the time-resolved ARPES beamline of the new material spectroscopy experimental station for the update of CAEP THz-FEL facility
Authors: Du 杜 Liang-Liang 亮亮 , Meng 孟 Li-Min 立民 , Li 李 Jiang 江 , Zhu 朱 Li-Guo 礼国
Published: August 2024

The Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics Terahertz Free Electron Laser Facility (CAEP THz FEL, CTFEL) is the only high-average power free electron laser terahertz source based on superconducting accelerators in China. The update of the CTFEL is now undergoing and will expand the frequency range from 0.1–4.2 THz to 0.1–125 THz. Two experimental stations for material spectroscopy and biomedicine will be built. A high harmonic generation (HHG) lightsource based beamline at the material spectroscopy experimental station for time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) research will be constructed and the optical design is presented. The HHG lightsource covers the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photon energy range of 20–50 eV. A Czerny–Turner monochromator with two plane gratings worked in conical diffraction configuration is employed to maintain the transmission efficiency and preserve the pulse time duration. The calculated beamline transmission efficiency is better than 5% in the whole photon energy range. To our knowledge, this is the first time in China to combine THz-infrared FEL with HHG light source, and this experimental station will be a powerful and effective instrument that will give new research opportunities in the future for users doing research on the dynamic evolution of the excited electron band structure of a material’s surface.
Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM
Authors: Hoglund Eric R. , Lupini Andrew R.
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) have led to increased development of multi-dimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction methods. This interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same lens. This state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images, such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam diffraction. However, the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective performance. Here, we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes, and likewise separate the contributions of pre- and post-sample aberrations. This consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.
Excitonic optical properties in monolayer SnP2S6
Authors: Chen 陈 Peng-Yuan 鹏远 , Quan 权 Zhen 真 , Wang 王 Shu-Dong 舒东
Published: August 2024

Quantum confinement effect and reduced dielectric screening in two-dimensional (2D) dramatically enhance the electron–hole interactions. In this work, we use many-body perturbation theory and Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) to investigate the electronic and excitonic optical properties of monolayer SnP2S6. Our findings reveal that the excitonic effect dominates the optical absorption spectra in the visible light range, and the lowest-energy exciton X
0 in monolayer SnP2S6 is optically bright with the binding energy of 0.87 eV and the radiative lifetime of ∼ 10−11 s, which is highly advantageous to the photo-luminescence. Most importantly, the absence of optically forbidden states below the bright states X
0 would give rise to a high quantum efficiency of 2D SnP2S6. We also find that applied biaxial strain can further shorten the radiative lifetime of the bright states. These results imply that 2D SnP2S6 is a promising candidate for the optoelectronic devices.
An integral approach to plasma-wall interaction modelling for EU-DEMO
Authors: Matveev D. , Baumann C. , Romazanov J. , Brezinsek S. , Ratynskaia S. , Vignitchouk L. , Tolias P. , Paschalidis K. , Tskhakaya D. , Komm M. , Podolník A. , Mougenot J. , Charles Y. , Delaporte-Mathurin R. , Hodille E. , Grisolia C. , Montupet-Leblond F. , Schmid K. , Von Toussaint U. , Granberg F. , Kporha F. , Kovačič J. , Costea S.
Published: August 2024

An integral approach to plasma-wall interaction (PWI) modelling for DEMO is presented, which is part of the EUROfusion Theory and Advanced Simulation Coordination activities that were established to advance the understanding and predictive capabilities for the modelling of existing and future fusion devices using a modern advanced computing approach. In view of the DEMO design, the aim of PWI modelling activities is to assess safety-relevant information regarding the erosion of plasma-facing components (PFCs), including its impact on plasma contamination, dust production, fuel inventory, and material response to transient events. This is achieved using a set of powerful and validated computer codes that deal with particular PWI aspects and interact with each other by means of relevant data exchange. Steady state erosion of tungsten PFC and subsequent transport and re-deposition of eroded material are simulated with the ERO2.0 code using a DEMO plasma background produced by dedicated SOLPS-ITER simulations. Dust transport simulations in steady state plasma also rely on the respective SOLPS-ITER solutions and are performed with the MIGRAINe code. In order to improve simulations of tungsten erosion in the divertor of DEMO, relevant high density sheath models are being developed based on particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with the state-of-the-art BIT code family. PIC codes of the SPICE code family, in turn, provide relevant information on multi-emissive sheath physics, such as semi-empirical scaling laws for field-assisted thermionic emission. These scaling laws are essential for simulations of material melting under transient heat loads that are performed with the recently developed MEMENTO code, the successor of MEMOS-U. Fuel retention simulations assess tritium retention in tungsten and structural materials, as well as fuel permeation to the coolant, accounting for neutron damage. Simulations for divertor monoblocks of different sizes are performed using the FESTIM code, while for the first wall the TESSIM code is applied. Respective code-code dependencies and interactions, as well as modelling results achieved to date are discussed in this contribution.
Development and study of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement system using wave analysis and two-point detection approach
Authors: Piyush  , Yadav Sanjay , Dubey P.K.
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the development and analysis of an
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) measurement system used for the
evaluation of concrete and Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) in civil
construction. The UPV tester is essential for on-site assessments of
structures, as it is used to measure the velocity of ultrasonic
waves within the material, directly correlating with its
strength. UPV testing is affected by the attenuation of ultrasonic
waves in concrete, particularly due to the interfacial transition
zone. Excess ultrasonic attenuation results in the reduction in the
received signal amplitude which may also results in the omission of
the initial pulses due to threshold comparison at the receiver. The
study highlights the impact of receiver gain on threshold error and
discusses the limitations associated with ADC sampling rate and
amplitude resolution. UPV measurement, including counter or data
acquisition approach, have error contributions associated with
threshold voltage comparison. The error due to threshold amplitude
selection is quantified, emphasizing the importance of accurate
signal analysis, particularly in highly attenuating medium. The
article presents the design and development of a PC-based UPV tester
with automatic threshold error compensation. The system includes a
transmitter, receiver, 32-bit microcontroller, and a Graphical User
Interface (GUI) for data analysis. The article introduces a
two-point linear detection logic to minimize errors caused by
selected signal amplitude and omission of initial pulses in transit
time measurements. The proposed method provides effective resolution
of 10 ns through software, even at low sampling rate of
2 MS/s. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of
the developed UPV tester, with comparisons to a reference
calibration facility at CSIR-NPL. The standard deviation in the
ultrasonic transit time measurement by the developed UPV device,
with threshold error correction, was ±70 ns.
Curcumin nanopreparations: recent advance in preparation and application
Authors: Liu Yan , Yin Rui , Tian Yuan , Xu Shujun , Meng Xin
Published: August 2024

Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from turmeric with antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, preventive and therapeutic neurological disorders and a variety of bioactivities, which is widely used in the field of food and medicine. However, the drawbacks of curcumin such as poor aqueous solubility and stability have limited the practical application of curcumin. To overcome these defects and enhance its functional properties, various nanoscale systems (liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, etc) have been extensively employed for curcumin encapsulation and delivery. Despite the rapid development of curcumin nanoformulations, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on their preparation and properties. This review provides an overview of the construction of curcumin nano-delivery systems, mechanisms of action, nanocarrier preparation methods and the applications of curcumin nanocarriers in the food and pharmaceutical fields to provide a theoretical basis and technological support for the efficient bio-utilization, product development and early clinical application of curcumin.
Classical echoes of quantum boundary conditions
Authors: Angelone Giuliano , Facchi Paolo , Ligabò Marilena
Published: August 2024

We consider a non-relativistic particle in a one-dimensional box with all possible quantum boundary conditions that make the kinetic-energy operator self-adjoint. We determine the Wigner functions of the corresponding eigenfunctions and analyze in detail their classical limit, governed by their behavior in the high-energy regime. We show that the quantum boundary conditions split into two classes: all local and regular boundary conditions collapse to the same classical boundary condition, while a dependence on singular non-local boundary conditions persists in the classical limit.
Fractional conformal map, qubit dynamics and the Leggett–Garg inequality
Authors: Paul Sourav , Vijay Varma Anant , Das Sourin
Published: August 2024

A pure state of a qubit can be geometrically represented as a point on the extended complex plane through stereographic projection. By employing successive conformal maps on the extended complex plane, we can generate an effective discrete-time evolution of the pure states of the qubit. This work focuses on a subset of analytic maps known as fractional linear conformal maps. We show that these maps serve as a unifying framework for a diverse range of quantum-inspired conceivable dynamics, including (i) unitary dynamics,(ii) non-unitary but linear dynamics and (iii) non-unitary and non-linear dynamics where linearity (non-linearity) refers to the action of the discrete time evolution operator on the Hilbert space. We provide a characterization of these maps in terms of Leggett–Garg inequality complemented with no-signaling in time and arrow of time conditions.
Generalized hydrodynamics for the volterra lattice: ballistic and non-ballistic behavior of correlation functions
Authors: Mazzuca Guido
Published: August 2024

In recent years, a lot of effort has been put in describing the hydrodynamic behavior of integrable systems. In this paper, we describe such picture for the Volterra lattice. Specifically, we are able to explicitly compute the susceptibility matrix and the current-field correlation matrix in terms of the density of states of the Volterra lattice endowed with a Generalized Gibbs ensemble. Furthermore, we apply the theory of linear Generalized Hydrodynamics (GHDs) to describe the Euler scale behavior of the correlation functions. We anticipate that the solution to the GHDs equations develops shocks at

ξ
0

=

x
t

; so this linear approximation does not fully describe the behavior of correlation functions. Intrigued by this fact, we performed several numerical investigations which show that, exactly when the solution to the hydrodynamic equations develops shock, the correlation functions show an highly oscillatory behavior. In view of this empirical observation, we believe that at this point ξ
0 the diffusive contribution are not sub-leading corrections to the ballistic transport, but they are of the same order.