bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WAGERING IN AUSTRALIA: A RETROSPECTIVE BEHAVIOURAL ANALYSIS OF BETTING PATTERNS BASED ON PLAYER ACCOUNT DATA
Authors: Gainsbury Sally , Sadeque Saalem , Mizerski Dick , Blaszczynski Alex
Published: August 2020

Gambling research often relies on self-report and cross-sectional data which is limited by inaccuracies in recall. Analysis of behavioural data is necessary to advance conceptual understandings of gambling. This paper analysed player account data of 11,394 customers of a large Australian wagering operator over a ten-year period to investigate characteristics and betting patterns of account holders. Comparisons were made between players based on the total number of bets placed. More frequent bettors (those with greater total bet frequency counts), made smaller bets, but bet greater total amounts and lost smaller proportions as compared to less frequent bettors. Less frequent bettors bet larger single bets and lost a greater proportion of their total amounts bet. A minority of bettors accounted for a disproportionately high number of bets but lost the lowest proportion of these. The results indicate that players exhibit differential patterns of betting and subgroups of gamblers can be identified and appropriately targeted with player education and responsible gambling strategies.
DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR GAMBLING/OFFICE FOOTBALL POOL BETTING IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Nwigwe Cecilia , Yusuf S.A. , Okoruwa V.O.
Published: August 2020

In the present study, we evaluated the statistical significance of a number of socioeconomic and demographic variables on the demand for office football pool betting in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) econometric model was employed. The study identifies the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the gamblers and econometrically analyzed the factors influencing gambling activities. The results showed that gender, age, household size, educational attainment, occupation, monthly income of pool bettors, as well as price of coupons, were among the major factors affecting the demand for office football pool betting. To the extent that our sample may be representative of a wide and broader set of circumstances, our finding led to the recommendation of policy and institutions that support government involvement in gambling activities, especially office football pool betting.
EXAMINING PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS BETTING IN GERMANY
Authors: Wicker Pamel , Soebbing Brian P
Published: August 2020

Previous research has examined participation in betting in general, while sports bets have not been investigated specifically. The purpose of this study is to investigate the participation in sports betting and the mechanisms to place bets in Germany. Based on the economic household theory, it is assumed that participation in sports betting can be explained by a set of economic, socio-demographic, and lifestyle factors. A convenience sample of German citizens is drawn using an online survey (n=464). The results show that the typical online bettor is a male with high income, low education, and non-German nationality, who plays cards and poker during his leisure time, but does not regularly participate in sport. On the contrary, people betting via automats are predominantly female with low income and high education, who do not play poker, but practice sport in their leisure time. The findings have implications for policy makers.
OVER-VALUED AND UNDER-DOGGED: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SEEDING OF MID-MAJOR TEAMS IN THE NCAA MEN’S BASKETBALL TOURNAMENT
Authors: Lackritz Jim , Reinig Bruce A. Reinig A. , Horowitz Ira
Published: August 2020

We test whether the NCAA Selection Committee’s tournament seeding process is biased with respect to teams from the Mid-Major conferences, by analyzing Seeds, Spreads,  Betting Lines, and the participants’ conference affiliations for the 819 games of the 13 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournaments played from 2000 to 2012. We demonstrate that the Selection Committee overvalues Mid-Major teams that receive a favorable seed and undervalues those that receive unfavorable seeds. Because Mid-Major teams receive more unfavorable seeds than favorable ones, by a nearly two-to-one ratio, the net results are to the detriment of the Mid-Major conferences. We show that the betting market appears to acknowledge the Selection Committee’s bias and makes adjustments.
A Global Analysis on 'Gambling, Drinking, And Smoking'
Authors: Lee Chang Boon Patrick
Published: August 2020

Gambling, drinking, and smoking have often been examined for their relatedness. Researchers have conducted numerous empirical studies to determine whether there are significant relationships among the three activities. The commonly used research approach in prior studies was to collect primary data from individuals or problem gamblers in a particular locality and then used these data to analyze their relationships. The current study examines the same research question but uses a different research method. It analyzes the three activities based on secondary data from several countries. The results of this study reaffirm that gambling is positively related to drinking and smoking. Further analyses of the data also show that each of the three activities is positively related to income, and that gambling has an income elasticity of greater than one, while drinking and smoking have an income elasticity less than one.
A Note on the Evidence of Adverse Selection from Thoroughbred Wagering – Further Evidence in Australia
Authors: Wrathall Robert
Published: August 2020

Chezum and Wimmer (2000) show the impact of asymmetric information in the American thoroughbred industry by demonstrating that homebreds (horses retained and raced by their breeders), on average, have lower betting odds than otherwise similar nonhomebreds. In this paper we test their hypothesis in the Australian thoroughbred industry. While we find no relationship between lower betting odds and homebreds when we use their model, we are still able to support their conclusion when we use a logistic model to measure the relationship between homebred and horse performance.
PROBLEM AND PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
Authors: Delfabbro Paul
Published: August 2020

This report provides a conceptual summary and critique of problem and pathological gambling and how these terms are used in policy, research and clinical practice. It summarises the varying disciplinary approaches to understanding gambling-related disorders; the distinction drawn between harm and behavioural indicators; issues in measurement; and, the significance of longitudinal evidence relating to the stability of gambling-related problems. ‘Pathological gambling’ is identified as the principal term used in psychiatric (e.g., DSM-IV) or medical literature and one which is defined largely in terms of the mechanisms which are central to substance use disorders (cravings, tolerance and withdrawal). By contrast, ‘problem gambling’ appears to have to two common usages. In one usage, problem gambling refers to a less severe form of the disorder; in another, it refers to a public health conceptualisation that defines the disorder largely in terms of its harmful consequences. Commonly used psychometric measures of the disorder vary in relation to which of these conceptualisations is captured, but most include items relating to both behavioural indicators of pathology as well as harmful impacts. Longitudinal evidence suggests that reported problem gambling symptoms are often not stable over time. Individuals commonly shift between categories and this suggests that gambling-related disorders are unlikely (at least in some individuals) to be solely determined by underlying neurophysiological and dispositional factors that are immutable over time. The report supports the view that the causes of problem and pathological gambling are likely to be multi-faceted and require multi-disciplinary approaches to understand the factors responsible for the development of the disorder as well as its maintenance.
A POLICY-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF CASINO GAMBLING
Authors: Richard Brian
Published: August 2020

In 2003, as part of a lecture series sponsored by the American Gaming Association, Richard LaBrie and Howard Shaffer issued a ‘concept statement’ titled Toward a Science of Gambling Regulation.  They stated, “The set of gambling regulations within a jurisdiction represent that jurisdiction’s strategy for preventing negative consequences….We propose that gambling regulations would be more effective if the regulatory process was science-based” (2003, p. 1).  This paper represents a step towards scientifically analyzing variations in existing policies to determine how effective they are in reaching policy goals.  A quasi-experimental matching procedure is utilized to assess the impacts of casinos at the county level.  Additional analysis examines the effects of various policies on economic development outcomes.  The findings suggest that more restrictive casino policies reduce the economic impacts associated with casino development.
Do Casinos Contribute to Violent Crime? A Panel Data Analysis of Michigan Counties
Authors: Thompson Philip , Falls Greg A
Published: August 2020

A key part of the debate over the current rapid increase in the number of casinos in the U.S. concerns the impact on crime rates resulting from the presence of a casino. In this analysis we use panel data covering all 83 Michigan counties for each year 1994-2010 to investigate whether the existence and size of a casino in a host county or in a nearby county affect the rates of four violent crimes: murder, rape, aggravated assault, and arson. We include a number of variables to control for factors that affect crime more generally. We find that county violent crime rates in Michigan do not rise in the presence of a casino, and in the case of aggravated assault, may actually fall. Previous studies of the impact of casinos on a variety of crimes in a variety of locations have shown mixed results.
The Fibonacci Strategy Revisited: Can You Really Make Money by Betting on Soccer Draws?
Authors: Lahvička Jiří
Published: August 2020

This article investigates the strategy of betting on soccer draws using the Fibonacci sequence. In the previous literature, this strategy has been found to be both simple and profitable in both simulated and real betting markets, indicating that the soccer betting market is not even weakly efficient. First, the behavior of the Fibonacci strategy is analyzed in a simulated strongly efficient market. It is shown that the strategy is not and cannot be profitable in such a market; however, it could still be profitable in a real market under the following two conditions: first, some bets on draws have positive expected values; second, the amounts bet on such matches are high enough to more than compensate for expected losses from the other bets. This could happen if bookmakers underestimated the probability of a draw after a long string of non-drawn matches. The strategy is therefore tested on a real data set of almost 60,000 European soccer matches. Contrary to the previous findings, all tested versions of the Fibonacci betting strategy are found to lose money. The previous positive results could be explained by a very low number of trials.
The evolution of the game of baccarat
Authors: Ethier Stewart N , Lee Jiyeon
Published: August 2020

The game of baccarat has evolved from a parlor game played by French aristocrats in the first half of the 19th century to a casino game that generated over US$41 billion in revenue for the casinos of Macau in 2013. The parlor game was originally a three-person zero-sum game. Later in the 19th century it was simplified to a two-person zero-sum game. Early in the 20th century the parlor game became a casino game, no longer zero-sum. In the mid 20th century, the strategic casino game became a nonstrategic game, with players competing against the house instead of against each other. We argue that this evolution was motivated by both economic and game-theoretic considerations.
Replacement Referees and NFL Betting Markets
Authors: McCannon Bryan C.
Published: August 2020

Are betting markets efficient? The 2012 labor dispute between the NFL and the referees is used as a quasi-experiment to assess whether the betting markets are able to achieve accurate “prices” in an uncertain environment. More points were scored and underdogs performed relatively better resulting in upsets and closer-than-expected games. Betting markets, though, were unable to anticipate or adjust to this systematic effect even though irregularities in gambling markets were reported before the beginning of the season. Not only were they inefficient, but profitable betting strategies can be identified.
Parimutuel system of the Japanese race track: Voting and ranking process
Authors: Tutiya Yohei , Kurihara Kazutaka
Published: August 2020

We investigated a time series of betting rates in a pari-mutuel betting system of Japanese horse races.  Principal component analyses and cluster analyses suggest that the level of expectation for the favorite is the most important factor when classifying races. The dataset of the odds determined before the races used in this study is exceedingly large and detailed compared to previous studies. We also conducted detailed research on whether bets placed on the favorites tend to be concentrated just before the race.
Holistic/Palliative Management of Patient’s Health Care and Home Situation in a Depressed Economy
Authors: Emmanuel Ndiok Akon , Oyira Emilia , Ncama Busisiwe
Published: August 2020

In most middle and low economic nations, problem in the active management of health complaints is patients defaulting on follow-up appointments, attributable to financial constraints and cost of health services due to economic recession. This increases the danger of aggravation and deterioration of the condition and leads to re-hospitalisation. Most terminally ill patients and elderly prefer to be cared for at home by family caregivers or paid health professionals towards the end of their life. Holistic/palliative care is a key component of home health care. Current structure of health and social care services shows that the home is gradually becoming a significant location of long-term care. Holistic care as advocated by Florence Nightingale and others takes cognizance of the care of total human being looking at the spiritual, physical, social and psychosocial care of individual. Quality care for patients and their families can be achieved by establishing principles of holistic/palliative care as an integral part of daily practice both in the hospital and home care, as advocated by the WHO. Challenges in seeking to do this can be overcome if adequate funding is allocated for palliative care activities and setting up machineries for training of families on home care.
Profitability in Rabbit Breeding
Authors: Pascual Mariam , A. Gómez Ernesto
Published: August 2020

Rabbit production must be sustainable. One of the main bases of this sustainability is the profitability of the farms, in which improvement is achieved through the technical and economic management. These managements imply collecting production and economic data, calculating indexes, comparing results with those obtained in other farms, making decisions, and evaluating the consequences of changes. The chapter details the different steps to follow to develop the technical and economic management of the rabbit farms to improve their profitability. Templates to collect data, formulae to obtain different technical and economic indexes, results obtained in different producing countries, and possible techniques to improve profitability are shown.
Deep Learning Enabled Nanophotonics
Authors: Huang Lujun , Xu Lei , E. Miroshnichenko Andrey
Published: August 2020

Deep learning has become a vital approach to solving a big-data-driven problem. It has found tremendous applications in computer vision and natural language processing. More recently, deep learning has been widely used in optimising the performance of nanophotonic devices, where the conventional computational approach may require much computation time and significant computation source. In this chapter, we briefly review the recent progress of deep learning in nanophotonics. We overview the applications of the deep learning approach to optimising the various nanophotonic devices. It includes multilayer structures, plasmonic/dielectric metasurfaces and plasmonic chiral metamaterials. Also, nanophotonic can directly serve as an ideal platform to mimic optical neural networks based on nonlinear optical media, which in turn help to achieve high-performance photonic chips that may not be realised based on conventional design method.
Value-Based Healthcare
Authors: Rech Ramos Patrick
Published: August 2020

Value-based healthcare is a new health-care model in which what is important is value to the patient. Value is a broad term, but in essence, it is the best outcome for the patient per dollar spent. To provide value to the patient, the medical practice should be centered around conditions and care cycles and the results must be measured. We now know that the model we have right now, the fee-for-service model, is not linked to quality of the patient. All around the world, many hospitals and clinics are making the transition to this value-based model. To provide the best for the patient, we must have the best medical evidence to follow. In the following chapter, we will cover a few aspects of value-based healthcare, its reimbursement model, the integrated practice units, and the information technology necessary to implement it.
Covered and Uncovered Self-Expandable Metallic Stents in the Treatment of Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Li Lian-Biao , Qin Wen-Yan , Peng Wen-Ping , Li Jin-Zhen , Zhang Ming-Ming , Lao Bo , Hong Jie-Ming
Published: August 2020

Context: Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) are commonly used in the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of covered self-expandable metallic stents (CSEMSs) and uncovered self-expandable metallic stents (UCSEMSs) for patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CNKI databases from 2010 to 2019. All randomized controlled trials, which compared the use of the CSEMSs and UCSEMSs for the treatment of malignant distal biliary obstruction were included in this study. Results: This meta-analysis included 1,539 patients enrolled in 13 trials. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of patients’ survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87 - 1.07; I2 = 32.6%), stent patency (HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.69 - 1.22; I2 = 56.3%), and the overall complication rate (relative risks (RR) 1.35, 95% CI: 0.82 - 2.23; I2 = 0%). In particular, the CSEMSs group presented a lower rate of tumor ingrowth (RR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15 - 0.57; I2 = 58.5%) than the UCSEMSs group. However, the CSEMSs group exhibited a higher rate of tumor overgrowth (RR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.00 - 2.66; I2 = 0%), sludge formation (RR 2.28, 95% CI: 1.36 - 3.82; I2 = 0%), and migration (RR 5.14, 95% CI: 1.90 - 13.88; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between the two stents, and each one had its advantages and disadvantages.
Conocimiento histórico y patrimonialización de un enclave de la montaña cantábrica: Las Ubiñas
Authors: Gallinar David , Hernández Cristina García , Ruiz Fernández Jesús
Published: August 2020

Las Ubiñas, como tantos otros espacios montañosos de la Península Ibérica, ha pasado de constituir un medio marginal y de difícil acceso en el que, aun así, se desarrollaban actividades humanas de cierta relevancia socioeconómica, a ver consagrada su patrimonialización a través de su encaje en las diferentes figuras de protección previstas a tal efecto por la legislación española e internacional. Este proceso, que culmina con la reciente declaración de este espacio como Parque Natural y Reserva de la Biosfera, vino precedido por un proceso de reconocimiento y divulgación, el cual, hasta hoy, no había sido explorado. Este estudio, basado en la recopilación y análisis de documentos históricos y bibliografía especializada, examina la información contenida en diversas fuentes exponiendo los principales testimonios cartográficos y artísticos que aluden al Macizo de las Ubiñas, así como los recogidos en memorias de viajes y de investigación que tuvieron como escenario este espacio, que, a pesar de su privilegiada ubicación central en el Macizo Asturiano, fue ignorado por los protagonistas de las grandes exploraciones científicas y hazañas deportivas de principios de siglo XX, y experimentó un reconocimiento relativamente tardío de sus innegables valores naturales y paisajísticos.

The Ubiñas Massif, as so many other mountain areas of the Iberian Peninsula, went from being a marginal environment in which, even so, human activities of a certain relevance were developed, to see its heritage consecrated through the different protection figures provided by the Spanish and international legislation. This process of patrimonialization, which culminates with the declaration of this space as a Natural Park and Biosphere Reserve, was preceded by a process of recognition and dissemination. This study, based on the compilation of historical documents and bibliography, examines the information contained in different sources, exposing the main cartographic and artistic testimonies alluding to the Ubiñas Massif, as well as those collected in travel memories and research reports conducted in this space, which, despite its privileged location in the Asturian Massif, was ignored by the great scientific explorations and sports exploits of the early 20th century, and experienced a relatively late recognition of its undeniable natural values and landscapes.
A systematic review of population-based studies on lipid profiles in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M , Benites-Moya C Joel , Anza-Ramirez Cecilia , Albitres-Flores Leonardo , Sánchez-Velazco Diana , Pacheco-Barrios Niels , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
Published: August 2020

We aimed to study time trends and levels of mean total cholesterol and lipid fractions, and dyslipidaemias prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Systematic-review and meta-analysis of population-based studies in which lipid (total cholesterol [TC; 86 studies; 168,553 people], HDL-Cholesterol [HDL-C; 84 studies; 121,282 people], LDL-Cholesterol [LDL-C; 61 studies; 86,854 people], and triglycerides [TG; 84 studies; 121,009 people]) levels and prevalences were laboratory-based. We used Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Medline and Global Health; studies were from 1964 to 2016. Pooled means and prevalences were estimated for lipid biomarkers from ≥2005. The pooled means (mg/dl) were 193 for TC, 120 for LDL-C, 47 for HDL-C, and 139 for TG; no strong trends. The pooled prevalence estimates were 21% for high TC, 20% for high LDL-C, 48% for low HDL-C, and 21% for high TG; no strong trends. These results may help strengthen programs for dyslipidaemias prevention/management in LAC.
Vibrio deploys type 2 secreted lipase to esterify cholesterol with host fatty acids and mediate cell egress
Authors: Chimalapati Suneeta , de Souza Santos Marcela , Lafrance Alexander E , Ray Ann , Lee Wan-Ru , Rivera-Cancel Giomar , Vale Gonçalo , Pawlowski Krzysztof , Mitsche Matthew A , McDonald Jeffrey G , Liou Jen , Orth Kim
Published: August 2020

Pathogens find diverse niches for survival including inside a host cell where replication occurs in a relatively protective environment. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a facultative intracellular pathogen that uses its type 3 secretion system 2 (T3SS2) to invade and replicate inside host cells. Analysis of the T3SS2 pathogenicity island encoding the T3SS2 appeared to lack a mechanism for egress of this bacterium from the invaded host cell. Using a combination of molecular tools, we found that VPA0226, a constitutively secreted lipase, is required for escape of V. parahaemolyticus from the host cells. This lipase must be delivered into the host cytoplasm where it preferentially uses fatty acids associated with innate immune response to esterify cholesterol, weakening the plasma membrane and allowing egress of the bacteria. This study reveals the resourcefulness of microbes and the interplay between virulence systems and host cell resources to evolve an ingenious scheme for survival and escape.
The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures
Authors: Jaremko Matt J , On Kin Fan , Thomas Dennis R , Stillman Bruce , Joshua-Tor Leemor
Published: August 2020

Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. The absence of ORC1 revealed a compact, stable complex of ORC2-5. Introduction of ORC1 opens the complex into several dynamic conformations. Two structures revealed dynamic movements of the ORC1 AAA+ and ORC2 winged-helix domains that likely impact DNA incorporation into the ORC core. Additional twist and pinch motions were observed in an open ORC conformation revealing a hinge at the ORC5·ORC3 interface that may facilitate ORC binding to DNA. Finally, a structure of ORC was determined with endogenous DNA bound in the core revealing important differences between human and yeast origin recognition.
The visual representations of a Biblical proverb and its modifications in the Internet space
Authors: Hrisztova-Gotthardt Hrisztalina , Aleksa Varga Melita , T. Litovkina Anna , Vargha Katalin
Published: August 2020

Proverbs have never been considered sacrosanct; on the contrary, they have frequently been used as satirical, ironic or humorous comments on a given situation. In the last few decades, they have been perverted and parodied so extensively that their variations have been sometimes heard more often than their original forms. Naturally, the most well-known Biblical proverbs are very frequently transformed and modified in various languages. “He who digs a pit for others falls into it himself” is one of such widespread proverbs originating from the Bible. This proverb exists in almost fifty European languages, including Croatian, English, German, Hungarian and Russian. Below, we would like to demonstrate the occurrence and popularity of this proverb, as well as its transformations in the five languages. The major source for this study has been the Internet and some previously constructed Internet corpora. In the course of the present study we are going to focus primarily on the visual representation of the Biblical proverb in question and its (humorous) modifications as well on the interaction between text and image.
Comparing English and Russian humour perceptions through signature analysis
Authors: Kadri Faisal L , Zakharenko Ekaterina N.
Published: August 2020

Signature analysis is a statistical technique introduced in the 1940s in order to identify groups of statistical measures to identify aircraft from radar reflections. Other applications include particle identification in nuclear physics and dark matter location in astrophysics. Humour appreciation, or funniness scores, are empirical measures of perceived humour. Two questionnaires, one in English, the other its translation into Russian, were made available online. Each had 96 humorous sentences or jokes. The sentences were classified empirically according to four age trends. Signatures of the four classes of sentences are calculated from participant scores in six age groups. The original scores will be available to researchers for verification and further investigation from either author. The use of signature analysis in this work involves the comparison of a sentence profile with the signature of its class or category; if the profile meets a strict criterion of errors then it can be described as a best predictor of its class. One notable finding from signature analysis is the existence of offsets: displacement of a sentence profile from its type signature. We suggest that offset values are direct measures of humorousness without reference to context. In this analysis, the profiles of the Russian and English sentences are compared to each other and their graphical differences are interpreted including offsets.
The vaginal microbiome of sub-Saharan African women: revealing important gaps in the era of next-generation sequencing
Authors: Odogwu Nkechi Martina , Olayemi Oladapo O. , Omigbodun Akinyinka O.
Published: August 2020

Accurate characterization of the vaginal microbiome remains a fundamental goal of the Human Microbiome project (HMP). For over a decade, this goal has been made possible deploying high-throughput next generation sequencing technologies (NGS), which indeed has revolutionized medical research and enabled large-scale genomic studies. The 16S rRNA marker-gene survey is the most commonly explored approach for vaginal microbial community studies. With this approach, prior studies have elucidated substantial variations in the vaginal microbiome of women from different ethnicities. This review provides a comprehensive account of studies that have deployed this approach to describe the vaginal microbiota of African women in health and disease. On the basis of published data, the few studies reported from the African population are mainly in non-pregnant post pubertal women and calls for more detailed studies in pregnant and postnatal cohorts. We provide insight on the use of more sophisticated cutting-edge technologies in characterizing the vaginal microbiome. These technologies offer high-resolution detection of vaginal microbiome variations and community functional capabilities, which can shed light into several discrepancies observed in the vaginal microbiota of African women in an African population versus women of African descent in the diaspora.
BIOESTIMULANTE E FERTILIZANTE FOLIAR NA REDUÇÃO DE INJÚRIAS EM PLANTAS DE SOJA CAUSADAS PELO 2,4-D
Authors: Silva Jeovane Nascimento , Costa Estevam Matheus , Almeida Diemisson Paulo , Pereira Leandro Spíndola , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia , Baliza Leônidas Miclos , Jakelaitis Adriano
Published: August 2020

O uso de reguladores vegetais e fertilizantes foliares nas culturas tem aumentado devido aos benefícios proporcionados na nutrição das plantas e na tolerância aos estresses ambientais. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos de regulador vegetal e fertilizante foliar na redução de injúrias provocadas pelo herbicida 2,4-D em duas variedades de soja (M7110 IPRO e M7739 IPRO). Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, delineados em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Em cada experimento, dez tratamentos foram usados: aplicação única do regulador vegetal ou fertilizante foliar aos 0, 1, 3 e 5 dias após a aplicação (DAA) do herbicida 2,4-D; aplicação de metade da dose do regulador vegetal ou fertilizante foliar aos 0, 1, 3 e 5 DAA do herbicida 2,4-D e da outra metade aos sete dias após a primeira aplicação do regulador vegetal ou fertilizante foliar; somente a aplicação de 2,4-D; e ausência de aplicação de 2,4-D, regulador vegetal ou fertilizante foliar. O 2,4-D causou leve fitotoxicidade (<10%) nas plantas de soja, independente do uso de regulador vegetal ou fertilizante foliar, as quais não atenuaram as injúrias causadas pelo herbicida. As alturas de plantas e de inserção da primeira vagem, os números de ramificações, de vagens por planta, de grãos por planta e o peso de mil grãos nas plantas de soja não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos. Para a variedade M7739 IPRO houve redução do rendimento de grãos na testemunha tratada somente com 2,4-D e quando foi aplicado o regulador vegetal até 1 (um) dia após a aplicação do herbicida. Tanto o regulador vegetal quanto o fertilizante foliar não atenuaram os efeitos herbicidas do 2,4-D, na dose testada, para ambas as variedades de soja.
MANEJO DE SOJA VOLUNTÁRIA INFESTANTE DO FEIJOEIRO COM O HERBICIDA ETHOXYSULFURON
Authors: Costa Bibiana Spautz da , Galon Leandro , Pierri Letícia De , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell
Published: August 2020

A semeadura do feijoeiro após a colheita da soja pode ser um problema já que as plantasvoluntárias da cultura emergem após a colheita e competem com o feijão. O herbicidaethoxysulfuron tem sido usado para o manejo de diferentes espécies de plantas daninhas,dentre elas a soja voluntária infestante no cultivo do feijoeiro. Diante disso, esse estudo foidesenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade e a eficácia de diferentes doses deethoxysulfuron aplicado no feijoeiro para o controle de soja voluntária. O experimento foiinstalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentostestados foram: 0, 12, 24, 36 e 48 g ha-1 de ingrediente ativo de ethoxysulfuron. Aos 10, 20e 30 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT) foi avaliado, de modo visual, o controleda soja voluntária e a fitotoxicidade à cultivar de feijão IPR Tuiuiú. Na colheita do feijãodeterminou-se a massa de mil grãos (g) e a produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1). O incrementodas doses de ethoxysulfuron contribuiu para o aumento da eficácia de controle da sojavoluntária infestante do feijoeiro. As maiores fitotoxicidades ao feijoeiro cultivar IPRTuiuiú foram ocasionadas pelo uso das maiores doses do ethoxysulfuron. A dose de25,8 g ha-1 de ethoxysulfuron ocasionou a maior produtividade de grãos da cultivar de feijãoIPR Tuiuiú, com controle de 98,9% da soja voluntária e fitotoxicidade em torno de 21%.
Comparison of Socio-economic and Health Status in Rural Primary School Students: A Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Farooq Md. Abdullah Al , Haq Mohammad Nazmul , Tajreen Tania , Sajid Md. Minhajuddin , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir
Published: August 2020

Objective: Although Bangladesh is rapidly gaining economic development, education and health related indices are not equally developed in all parts of the country. The objective of the study was to compare the socio-economic and health status of students in public and private primary schools.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 99 public and 128 private primary school children during 2018. Two public and two private primary schools were selected purposively from 2 villages of Chandpur. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: public primary school students and private primary school students. During a ‘free health check-up and treatment program’, guardians were asked to participate in the study. After taking informed written consent, students and guardians were asked about demographic, socioeconomic (such as, education, occupation, monthly income), and health related factors (such as, antenatal checkup, mode of delivery, immunization, deworming); then, anthropometric measurements (height, weight) and physical examinations of the children were done. Comparison was done between groups.

Results: On socioeconomic status, monthly family income was more and paternal education was higher in private-school students than the public-school students. On health indices, antenatal care (ANC), Caesarian section (CS), living standard, use of sanitary latrine, and nutritional status of private school students were significantly better than public-school students. However, Public school students had higher deworming rate.

Conclusion: Students in private schools had better socio-economic and health status in Bangladesh. Health-related indices are comparable to national parameters. It is recommended that socio-economic and education status needs further improvements for sustainable health and well-being.
The Potential for Creative Socio-cultural Energy of Coastal Communities in the Maluku Islands
Authors: Hentihu Idrus , Sumardjo . , Sugihen Basita Ginting , Susanto Djoko
Published: August 2020

The coastal areas of the Maluku Islands are the most prominent poverty-polarizing areas, both physically and socially with relatively isolated geographical positions. The social energy of creative culture has the potential to become a social resilience scheme in realizing welfare based on common interests. This qualitative study was conducted in Buru Island, Maluku Islands and aims to explain the potential of socio-cultural energy as a scheme of community social resilience in survival on the coast of Buru Island, Maluku Islands. The results of this study show that there is a potential for energy creative social culture that serves as a community social resilience scheme, where through this potential although in limited circumstances and conditions, the community seems to be able to find a way out of a variety of problems, including the poverty problems they faced to stay alive. Meanwhile, on the potential of social energy, This then becomes a force and even a guideline for the community independently through creative and constructive efforts turned out to be able to empower themselves and its community to get out of trouble Including the problem of poverty, which is now a major problem for people living on the coast of Buru Island.
Mechanism of Instrumental Game Theory in the Legal Process via Stochastic Options Pricing Induction
Authors: Bonsu Kwadwo Osei , Chen Shoucan
Published: August 2020

Economic theory has provided an estimable intuition in understanding the perplexing ideologies in law, in the areas of economic law, tort law, contract law, procedural law and many others. Most legal systems require the parties involved in a legal dispute to exchange information through a process called discovery. The purpose is to reduce the relative optimisms developed by asymmetric information between the parties. Like a head or tail phenomenon in stochastic processes, uncertainty in the adjudication affects the decisions of the parties in a legal negotiation. This paper therefore applies the principles of aleatory analysis to determine how negotiations fail in the legal process, introduce the axiological concept of optimal transaction cost and formulates a numerical methodology based on backwards induction and stochastic options pricing economics in estimating the reasonable and fair bargain in order to induce settlements thereby increasing efficiency and reducing social costs.
Carbohydrate Fermentation Profile and Physiological Studies of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Native Raw Cow Milk
Authors: Adediran A. B. , Aforijiku S.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the physiological studies of lactic acid bacteria from native raw cow milk. Cow milk samples were collected purposively from four different locations in Ibadan. The proximate analysis, pH and acidity of the milk samples were examined using standard procedures. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, characterized, and identified using both morphological, biochemical test, and Analytical profile index (API) system. The identified LAB were subjected to various physiological conditions such as growth at different temperature (15, 30, 45°C), pH (4, 6, 8) and NaCl concerntrations (4, 6, and 8%).The heterotrophic counts ranged between 3.1 ×107to 4.2 ×107CFU/mL and lactic acid bacteria counts ranged from 2.2× 107 to 3.8 × 107 CFU/mL. Thirty-five LAB isolates were randomly picked and identified as Lactobacillus (57.15%), Streptococcus (14.29%), Leuconostoc (8.57%), Pediococcus (8.57%), Lactococcus (5.71%) and Enterococcus (5.71%). The LAB isolates were further identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteriodes, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidiophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus based on API 50 test kit, and were able to grow at different physiological paramaters. This study shows that Lactobacillus strains isolated from raw cow milk had better physiological attributes. These LAB could be recommended for further assessment such as evaluation of probiotic potential properties and genomic analysis.
Efficacy and safety profile of neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation combined with intraventricular lavage in severe intraventricular hemorrhage patients
Authors: Ding Hai‐Tao , Han Yao , Sun De‐Ke , Nie Quan‐Min
Published: August 2020

Objective

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation in severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

Methods

Totally 81 patients with severe IVH in our hospital from November 2017 to March 2019 were divided into the intervention group (38 cases who received neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation combined with intraventricular lavage) and the control group (40 cases who received trepanation drainage). The perioperative condition, hematoma clearance rate, Glasgow coma score (GCS), hematoma recurrence rate, and prognosis were observed and compared between the two groups after treatment.

Results

The operative time, time of cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and intracranial infection rate in the intervention group elicited superior results to those in the control group (p < .05). The clearance rate of hematoma in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group at 6 hr, 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively (p < .05). The postoperative 3‐ and 7‐day GCS scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the recurrence rate of hematoma in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < .05), and the good/excellent rate of ADL in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < .05).

Conclusion

Neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation combined with intraventricular lavage showed evident beneficial outcomes in patients with severe IVH. It can effectively improve the perioperative condition and improve the hematoma clearance rate and is beneficial to the prognosis of patients with severe IVH.
PM2.5 facilitates IL‐6 production in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts via ASK1 activation
Authors: Liu Ju‐Fang , Chi Miao‐Ching , Lin Chih‐Yang , Lee Chiang‐Wen , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Han Chien‐Kuo , Huang Yuan‐Li , Fong Yi‐Chin , Chen Hsien‐Te , Tang Chih‐Hsin
Published: August 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder characterized by synovial inflammation. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a key proinflammatory cytokine in OA progression. Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure increases the risk of different diseases, including OA. Up until now, no studies have described any association between PM2.5 and IL‐6 expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). Here, our data show that PM2.5 concentration‐ and time‐dependently promoted IL‐6 synthesis in human OASFs. We also found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potentiated the effects of PM2.5 on IL‐6 production. ASK1, ERK, p38, and JNK inhibitors reduced PM2.5‐induced increases of IL‐6 expression. Treatment of OASFs with PM2.5 promoted phosphorylation of these signaling cascades. We also found that PM2.5 enhanced c‐Jun phosphorylation and its translocation into the nucleus. Thus, PM2.5 increases IL‐6 production in human OASFs via the ROS, ASK1, ERK, p38, JNK, and AP‐1 signaling pathways. Our evidence links PM2.5 with OA progression.
Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission is involved in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced AF cella poptosis
Authors: Wu Wei , Jing Doudou , Huang Xin , Yang Wenbo , Shao Zengwu
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to assess the negative effect of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and decipher the mechanism of action of the process. After treating AF cells with various concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) of oxLDL for 24 and 48 hours, their viability was evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 and live/dead staining. The percentage of AF cell death was determined with Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis staining. The expression of proteins related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was determined using Western blot. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed with JC‐1 staining and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ormitoSOX probes, respectively. Mitochondrial morphology was observed with a transmission electron microscope. After treatment with oxLDL, AF cell viability decreased, pro‐apoptosis proteins (such as Bax, cleaved caspase‐9, and cleaved caspase‐3) increased, and anti‐apoptosis proteins (Bcl‐2) declined. Excessive ROS and diminished MMP were also detected during this process, as were enhanced mitochondrial fission and augmented Drp1 expression. Furthermore, knocking down the expression of Drp1 rescued oxLDL‐induced AF cell death. Collectively, these results suggest that oxLDL induces AF cell death through a mitochondria‐related pathway. Enhanced mitochondrial fission was involved in oxLDL‐induced AF cell death. Targeting Drp1, a target for regulating the process of mitochondrial fission, may be a feasible strategy for preventing intervertebral disc degeneration in hyperlipidemia.
Perceived barriers/facilitators to a healthy lifestyle among diverse adolescents with overweight/obesity: A qualitative study
Authors: Cardel Michelle I. , Szurek Sarah M. , Dillard Julia R. , Dilip Abhya , Miller Darci R. , Theis Ryan , Bernier Angelina , Thompson Lindsay A. , Dulin A. , Janicke David M. , Lee Alex M.
Published: August 2020

Objective

Effectiveness of behavioural obesity treatments in adolescents is modest. Thus, incorporating participant feedback may lead to improvement of intervention acceptability. This qualitative study's objective was to assess perceived barriers/facilitators to weight loss and healthy lifestyles among diverse adolescents with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Methods

Adolescents ages 14–19 with BMI ≥ 85th percentile participated in focus groups and identified perceived barriers/facilitators to weight loss and healthy lifestyles.

Results

Ten sex‐stratified focus groups (n = 41; n = 13 males, n = 28 females) were conducted in 2018 and 2019. Females reported experiencing weight struggles, whereas males often stated no struggles with weight, despite all participants meeting criterion for OW/OB. Barriers included eating behaviours, family members and internal motivation, with additional barriers of physical activity, friends, time and support cited in females. Facilitators included parental, familial and peer support of healthy eating and exercise, modelling behaviours, internal motivation and organized sports. Two additional findings regarding adolescents' perceived barriers/facilitators include substantial overlap and sex differences of perceived barriers/facilitators.

Conclusions

Adolescent males and females with OW/OB experience weight status differently, affecting their perceived barriers/facilitators to weight loss and healthy lifestyles. Tailoring weight management interventions to the unique needs of adolescent females versus adolescent males has the potential to improve intervention quality and effectiveness.
What Ails Property Tax in India? Issues and Directions for Reforms
Authors: Mishra Shibani , Mishra Alok Kumar , Panda Prerna
Published: August 2020

Property tax is the most important municipal tax in India. Theoretically, property tax subscribes to efficiency, ability to pay, benefit and equity principles of public finance. However, it is grossly under‐exploited. The reasons why the potential of property tax is far from being realized include systemic problems and inefficiency in municipal tax administration. Considering the importance of property tax for municipal autonomy and its huge unexploited potential, property tax reform in India assumes critical significance. This paper attempts to look to theory and international practice, including innovative initiatives launched by select cities and states in India in the past for designing and pursuing a robust agenda of property tax reforms. In particular, it critically examines the property tax performance of two pioneering municipal corporations: Hyderabad and Bengaluru. We suggest municipal reforms with a focus on user charges for measurable services, move to capital value‐based property tax with land tax component linked to the market value of land, tax mapping and benchmarking, addressing tax base, exemptions, coverage, valuation and collection efficiency.