bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Which Cause Gen Z Employees to Choose the Profession as Zakat Amil In Baitul Maal Muamalat
Authors: Kamil Musthafa , Sabariah Etika , Hartini Dorit , Handayani Miranti , Syamsudin Syamsudin
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause Generation Z employees to choose the profession of amil zakat at Baitulmaal Muamalaat using Abraham Maslow's need theory framework. This study uses a quantitative, non-statistical approach to gain a deeper understanding of the choice of this profession. The research method used was a survey involving Generation Z employees at Baitulmaal Muamalaat. This survey was designed with structured questions related to the factors that influence the choice of profession as amil zakat based on Maslow's theory of needs. Participants were asked to rate the importance of each factor and provide further explanation about their motivation. The data collected from the survey were analyzed qualitatively by identifying common themes that emerged about the motivational factors influencing the choice of this profession. This analysis provides an in-depth understanding of the factors that motivate Generation Z employees to choose the profession of amil zakat. This research contributes to understanding the choice of profession as amil zakat by Generation Z employees at Baitulmaal Muamalaat based on Maslow's theory of needs. Although using a quantitative, non-statistical approach, this research provides valuable insights into their motivation and the factors influencing their decisions.
Influence Mix Marketing Against Room Sales Volume at the Harmoni Indragiri Hotels
Authors: Rahmawaty Nina , Mandataris
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study article is to give information related to the efforts of a moving company in the field of hospitality through mixed marketing to increase the sales volume of service rooms. Retrieval method sample ie using accidental sampling with a total of 93 respondents. Data analysis through regression testing simple and regression multiple with the use of partial tests that include product, price, place, and promotion influential in a way positive to sales volume. As well the use of simultaneous tests is influential in a way positive to sales volume. Dominant products and prices have the biggest influence. Whereas promotion has the least influence. This means that the Company must more pay attention to the section promotion for maximum promotion of the hotel to the market to increase it more known and familiar so consumers at the moment will look for hotels already directly Imagine the Harmoni Indragiri hotel for become choice main.
Israel’s systematic weaponisation of health in Gaza
Authors: Soni A
Published: April 2024

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The problem of depoliticization of the Russian army in the crisis of the 1990s.
Authors: Volgin Evgeny Igorevich
Published: April 2024

The object of the study is the policy of the Russian authorities aimed at leveling protest activity in the Armed Forces in the context of the protracted crisis of the 1990s. After the fall of the one-party dictatorship that subordinated the security forces, Russian legislation provided for a rigid model of de-partization and depoliticization of the Armed Forces. However, in the post-Soviet years, this strategy lost its relevance both due to the weakness of the parties themselves and the apolitical nature of the officer corps, tired of years of pressure from political organizations (CPSU). The problem was something else: the huge "Soviet-Russian" army, being a vestige of the previous system, did not fit into the paradigm of the new statehood, and therefore was subject to radical and painful reform, which threatened to put the Armed Forces on the brink of disaster. For thousands of military personnel and their family members, the most acute problem has become the elementary problem of survival. Historical, sociological, formal legal, institutional and systemic approaches are used as the main research methods. In the second half of the 1990s, against the background of chronic underfunding in the army, cases of spontaneous protest became more frequent. These actions were nonviolent, spontaneous and scattered in nature, and therefore did not pose a serious threat to the authorities. Among the main factors that restrained open rebellion, one can name the lack of an all-Army protest coordination center, the lack of independent political thinking among senior officers, and the lack of a constructive program. This also includes army discipline, as well as the availability of sufficient means for the regime to pre-empt and suppress individual pockets of protest. At the same time, the authorities, realizing that by condemning their military to a miserable existence, they themselves act outside the legal framework, tried to resolve the conflicts that arose cautiously, trying not to resort to harsh measures. The question of how long this delicate balance could have been maintained remains open. At the end of the 1990s, there were faint signs of a revival of the army. The military was one of the first to catch these trends: exhausted by the "five-year plans" of liberal reforms, after all the temptations offered to them by opposition parties, they regained faith in the state. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the application of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of a complex problem related to the restructuring of the Russian army during the years of unstable internal political instability.
Temperature dependence of MXenes plasmons induced hot carrier generation and transport
Authors: Jian Chao-Chao , Ma Xiang-Chao , Zhao Zi-Han , Zhang Jian-Qi ,   School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: April 2024

Unlike conventional optoelectronic devices, plasmon-driven optoelectronic devices can efficiently realize energy conversion and regulate the energy distribution of hot carriers through high-energy, non-equilibrium “hot” electron-hole pairs (hot carriers) generated by surface plasmon non-radiative decay, thereby presenting new opportunities for realizing hot carrier optoelectronic devices. As the basis for the practical application of plasmon optoelectronic devices, searching for plasmon metal materials with exceptional performance has always been an important topic in the field of hot carrier optoelectronic devices. Currently, MXenes can be synthesized on a large scale and has excellent photoelectric properties, so it can be used to build a variety of hot carrier photodetectors with unique structures and functions. Unlike the fixed surface ends of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, MoS2 and borophene, MXenes has an abundance of surface functional groups. However, the increase of ambient temperature will accelerate the oxidation modification of surface functional groups, thus affecting the life and performance stability of optoelectronic devices. In view of the inherent limitations of experimental research on dynamic characteristics of hot carriers at continuous temperatures, we study the temperature effects on the electronic state distributions and scattering effects by using the theory of multi-body perturbation and quantum mechanics. Particularly, we introduce temperature effect into interband electron transition and phonon-assisted electron transition process to obtain temperature dependent dielectric function. From the perspective of non-radiative decay of surface plasmon, we quantify the hot carrier generation efficiency, energy distribution and transport characteristics by first principles calculations, in order to systematically study the ambient temperature dependence of plasmon-induced hot carriers in MXenes. The results show that the interband transition and the phonon-assisted electron transition in MXenes together efficiently produce high-energy hot hole-dominated carriers with a long lifetime and transport distance, which is comparable to borophene. The increase of ambient temperature significantly improves the hot carrier generation efficiency in the infrared range. Meanwhile, the physical mechanism of hot carrier generation in visible light is almost unaffected by the increase of ambient temperature, and the generated hot holes show excellent ambient temperature stability. In addition, the lifetime and transport distance of hot carriers decrease with ambient temperature increasing, which is mainly due to the enhanced scattering of electrons and optical phonons. The research results will provide theoretical and data support for quantitatively evaluating the ambient temperature stability of MXenes plasmon optoelectronic devices in practical environment.
Population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns of Spodoptera exigua in northern China based on 11 years of monitoring data
Authors: Ma Hao-Tian , Zhou Li-Hong , Tan Hao , Xiu Xian-Zhi , Wang Jin-Yang , Wang Xing-Ya
Published: April 2024

Background

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), is an important agricultural pest worldwide that has caused serious economic losses in the main crop-producing areas of China. To effectively monitor and control this pest, it is crucial to investigate its population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns in northern China.

Methods

In this study, we monitored the population dynamics of S. exigua using sex pheromone traps in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2022, combining these data with amigration trajectory simulation approach and synoptic weather analysis.

Results

There were significant interannual and seasonal variations in the capture number of S. exigua, and the total number of S. exigua exceeded 2,000 individuals in 2018 and 2020. The highest and lowest numbers of S. exigua were trapped in September and May, accounting for 34.65% ± 6.81% and 0.11% ± 0.04% of the annual totals, respectively. The average occurrence period was 140.9 ± 9.34 days during 2012–2022. In addition, the biomass of S. exigua also increased significantly during these years. The simulated seasonal migration trajectories also revealed varying source regions in different months, primarily originated from Northeast China and East China. These unique insights into the migration patterns of S. exigua will contribute to a deeper understanding of its occurrence in northern China and provide a theoretical basis for regional monitoring, early warning, and the development of effective management strategies for long-range migratory pests.
A influência da aplicação efetiva do planejamento estratégico na sobrevivência e progresso das micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras
Authors: Santos Maria Julia Lavanholi dos , Pimenta Junior Tabajara
Published: April 2024

O mercado brasileiro atual é caracterizado pela crescente participação das Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs), que se mostram cada vez mais importantes para o desenvolvimento dos cenários econômico, empregatício, empresarial e geral do país. Apesar disso, a taxa de mortalidade desses negócios é considerável, sendo que um grande motivo apontado para tal panorama é a falta de planejamento estratégico. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar se as MPEs brasileiras adotam o planejamento estratégico e se uma aplicação concreta dessa ferramenta influencia a sobrevivência e o progresso desses negócios. Com o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, de caráter descritivo, e a aplicação de um questionário para gestores de um conjunto de micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras, obteve-se dados primários referentes ao desenvolvimento e aplicação do planejamento estratégico nas empresas. Analisando esses dados com métodos estatísticos descritivos simples, foi possível concluir que não se pode afirmar que a prática do planejamento estratégico influencia na prosperidade e na sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras. As empresas estudadas ainda não apresentam todos os recursos ou características gerenciais necessárias para a adoção do planejamento estratégico. Este estudo permitiu o conhecimento da realidade de um conjunto de micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras, além do conhecimento de seus gestores, no que tange à implementação do planejamento estratégico e aos fatores associados a tal ferramenta.
Анализ долгосрочных изменений площадей водных объектов в долине Западного Маныча на основе данных дистанционного зондирования
Authors: Шевердяев И.В. , Сорокина В.В. , Солтан А.А. , Парфенова А.В.
Published: April 2024

Водоемы долины Западного Маныча являются ключевыми объектами сухих степей европейской части России для изучения биогеохимических циклов элементов в переходных зонах между сушей и водой. Для них дана оценка динамики площадей водного зеркала (по индексу MNDWI) с использованием данных съемки Landsat 5 TM и Landsat 8 OLI с 1985 по 2022 г.; проанализированы скорость изменения площади водных объектов и степень стабильности; с использованием методов линейной регрессии и корреляции выполнен анализ связи динамики площадей водоемов с гидрометеорологическими параметрами (расходами воды, температурой и относительной влажностью воздуха, атмосферными осадками).В период 1985-2022 гг. большинство водоемов долины Западного Маныча имело тенденцию к сокращению размеров. Интенсивность уменьшения площадей разных озер варьировала от 0,3 до 17 %, у самого крупного водного объекта - Пролетарского водохранилища (включая оз. Маныч-Гудило) - она составила 3,4 % за десятилетие. Водоемы Кумо-Манычской впадины имеют пульсирующий, несинхронный характер изменения границ водной поверхности, что зависит главным образом от погодных условий года и гидролого-геоморфологических характеристик каждого отдельного озера. Отмечены увеличение площадей водного зеркала в долине Западного Маныча в конце 1990-х - начале 2000-х гг. и последующая (2007-2022 гг.) тенденция к осушению. С уменьшением размеров водных объектов (площади, глубины) уменьшается значение индекса стабильности. Дальнейшее изменение климатических факторов, аридизация территории будут сказываться на этих озерах негативно (их площади будут сокращаться), за исключением озер Грузское и Джама, изменение площадей которых в большей степени связано с геоморфологическим строением озерных котловин и берегов, нежели с климатическими факторами. Впервые определены разные группы озер по тенденциям изменения их размеров.
Зараженность рыб личинками Eustrongylides cf. excisus Jägerskiöld, 1909 (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) в дельте реки Дон
Authors: Казарникова А.В. , Корниенко И.В. , Степанова Ю.В. , Гуськов Г.Е. , Арамова О.Ю.
Published: April 2024

Паразитические нематоды рода Eustrongylides распространены по всему миру. В роли промежуточных или паратенических хозяев у них выступают пресноводные рыбы. С 2019 по 2023 г. на паразитологический анализ были взяты 231 экземпляр азовских бычков: бычок-кругляк Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814), бычок-песочник Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814), бычок-сирман Ponticola syrman (Nordmann, 1840) - и 122 экземпляра судака Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Полость тела и серозные покровы кишечника являлись основными местами локализации паразитов у бычков, мышцы и брюшная стенка - у судака. После вылова рыб паразиты нередко мигрировали через мускулатуру к поверхности тела. От 10 до 93,3 % обследованных рыб было заражено личинками эустронгилид. Анализ последовательностей региона ITS1 и гена 28S рРНК позволил идентифицировать обнаруженных паразитов как Eustrongylides cf. excisus . Наиболее высокий уровень средней интенсивности инвазии нематодами отмечался у бычка-сирмана (3,5 ± 2,11... 9 ± 0,25 экз.) и бычка-кругляка (4 ± 1,3... 7 ± 2,1 экз.),у бычка-песочника он колебался в пределах 1 ± 0,1... 9 ± 1,7 экз., у судака - 1,2 ± 0,25... 7,9 ± 1,7 экз. Помимо изучения отдельных вопросов эпизоотологии личинок Eustrongylides обсуждаются потенциальные проблемы, связанные со здоровьем человека и животных.
Влияние качества корма на скорость роста, биохимические показатели и микробиом кишечника стерляди Acipenser ruthenus
Authors: Григорьев В.А. , Куликов М.П. , Мазанко М.С. , Празднова Е.В. , Чистяков В.А. , Рудой Д.В. , Брень А.Б. , Ковалева А.В. , Иванов Ю.А.
Published: April 2024

В настоящее время происходит бурный рост и развитие отечественного кормопроизводства, появляются новые рецептуры комбинированных кормов. В связи с этим растет необходимость в качественной оценке эффективности различных добавок, входящих в состав этих кормов, и для этого необходима надежная модель для оценки состояния рыбы. Проанализировано изменение морфологических и физиологических признаков, а также состояния микробиома у стерляди, потреблявшей корма различного качества, для определения физиологических показателей, наиболее подверженных влиянию состава пищи. Стерлядь, получавшая корм ненадлежащего качества, в среднем обладала на 7 % меньшей конечной массой, кровь рыб характеризовалась значительным падением уровня триглицеридов и β-липопротеидов в конце эксперимента. Результаты анализа кишечного микробиома показали, что у стерляди, получавшей некачественный корм, в кишечнике увеличивалось количество Enterococcus и актиномицетов, а также появлялось значительное количество представителей лактозоположительных бактерий, которые отсутствовали у особей из контрольной группы. Кроме того, у рыб, получавших некачественный корм, но остававшихся в хорошем физиологическом состоянии, в кишечнике были обнаружены бактерии Bacillus , отсутствовавшие у других групп, что может говорить о потенциальной пробиотической активности бактерий рода Bacillus, выделенных из их микробиома.
Мультифакторная модель как инструмент изучения эпидемического процесса острых кишечных инфекций в условиях юга России
Authors: Новиков Д.С. , Головачева Н.А.
Published: April 2024

Засушливые территории Волгоградской области благоприятны для распространения бактериальных возбудителей острых кишечных инфекций. На эпидемический процесс антропонозных инфекций с фекально-оральным механизмом передачи влияет экологическое состояние среды обитания человека. Для оценки качества водного объекта были выбраны показатели биологического потребления кислорода и спутниковые данные нормализованного разностного индекса мутности. Вклад природно-климатических факторов оценивали при помощи расчета гидротермического коэффициента увлажнения Селянинова. Оценку выбранных характеристик проводили на территории трех зон Волгоградской городской агломерации, располагающихся ниже по течению Волги относительно Волжской гидроэлектростанции. На острове Голодном размещены очистные сооружения, эффективность работы которых влияет на степень распространения кишечных инфекций. В данном исследовании рассмотрена возможность использования экологических показателей в качестве индикаторов санитарного благополучия бассейна р. Волги в целях прогнозирования динамики эпидемического процесса острых кишечных инфекций неустановленной этиологии. Показатель заболеваемости выступил в качестве зависимой переменной в предложенной модели, в качестве влияющих переменных проанализированы три предиктора (биохимический, спутниковый и климатический), отражающие экологическое состояние акватории Волги. Наибольший вклад в прогностическую силу модели заболеваемости острыми кишечными инфекциями в изучаемой зоне вносит показатель биохимического потребления кислорода, который отражает степень загрязненности поверхностных вод коммунально-бытовым стоком. Показатель биохимического потребления кислорода лег в основу десятилетнего прогноза распространения острых кишечных инфекций. Были рассчитаны медианы значения прогноза динамики заболеваемости, а также интервальные величины для 95-го процентиля. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при корректировке мероприятий по оценке качества очистных сооружений в зоне Волгоградской городской агломерации.
A Critical Evaluation of the Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Trees in Specific Regions within Kaduna State Nigeria
Authors: Hyong S. T. , Amah V. E. , Patricks C. E.
Published: April 2024

This research evaluated the capacity of trees to store carbon in two specific locations, namely Gamji Park and Kaduna Polytechnic in Kaduna State. This was done by conducting field measurements, and observations. To facilitate measurement, the research area was partitioned into quadrants. A grand total of 1555 trees were quantified, with 775 trees found in Gamji Park and 780 trees at Kaduna Polytechnic. A non-destructive approach was used, whereby the measurement of tree height and diameter at breast height was conducted without the need for tree felling. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of trees with a diameter at breast height of at least 5cm were measured in each plot. The pantropical allometric equations were used to determine the carbon stock and the quantity of carbon dioxide sequestered by the plants. A total of 6875.4 Megatons/ha of carbon dioxide (CO2) was calculated to be sequestered by trees in the two research locations. The tree species Eucalyptus tereticornis and Magnifera indica had a much greater capacity for sequestration in comparison to the other trees that were examined. The Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to examine the association between tree parameters and carbon sequestration. The correlation coefficients for height and DBH were 0.934 and 0.979, respectively. These results suggest a positive relationship between tree parameters, specifically tree height and DBH, and carbon sequestration. Notably, DBH exhibited a stronger correlation compared to other parameters. A statistically significant difference in the tree parameters was observed, as shown by a p-value of less than 0.05.
Response of Summer Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to Inorganic Fertilizers and Foliar Application of Bio-Enhancers
Authors: Parmar Foram R. , Patel A. G. , Dharaviya Rahul G.
Published: April 2024

A field experiment on “Response of summer cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to inorganic fertilizers and foliar application of bio-enhancers” was carried out during summer 2022 on loamy sand soil of Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The experiment was laid out in RBD with factorial concept with three replications. The result revealed that significantly higher plant height, Number of pods per plant, number of root nodules per plant, fresh and dry weight of root nodules, seed yield, stover yield and protein content, were recorded with 100% RDF. It also gave the higher net return and B:C ratio. Significantly higher number of pods per plant, root nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of root nodules, seed yield and stover yield with an application of panchagavya as foliar spray @ 3% at 30 and 45 DAS. The same bio-enhancer application recorded maximum net return as well as B:C ratio.
Effects of Slope Position on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Cultivated Land Use Type in Danka Watershed of Dinsho District, Bale Highland, Oromia, Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Eshetu Mulugeta , Wogi Lemma
Published: April 2024

Quantify and understand soil nutrient loss under different undulating topography farming bases for site-specific management and targeted fertilizer application rates. The study aimed to assess the effect of slope positions on soil physicochemical properties at the Danka watershed of Dinsho District Bale Highland, Southeastern Ethiopia. Consequent to the reconnaissance survey, soil samples were taken from the cultivated land use type in three replications at three different soil depths (0-0, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) and three slope positions (upper, middle, and lower), analyzed follow standard laboratory procedure and further analyzed using R software 4.1.1 version. The results showed soil physicochemical properties were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced by the interaction between slope positions and soil depth. The results of soil physical properties varied from 1.29 -1.73 g cm-3, 2.47 – 2.74 g cm-3, 47.80 - 36.75%, 10.78 – 15.11%, 12.76 – 18.16%, and 4.06 – 8.16% bulk density, particle density, total porosity, FC, PWP, and AWHC, respectively. Selected soil chemical properties varied from 5.91 - 6.45, 0.64 - 3.20%, 0.04 - 0.25%, 1.14 - 5.60 gm/kg, and 10.24 - 37.24 cmol (+)/kg) soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and CEC, respectively.
The values of exchangeable bases were concentration increased from the upper slope position toward the lower slope position and with increased soil depth. Soil micronutrients were increased with increased slope and decreased with increased soil depth. The lowest slope position had relatively better soil nutrient contents than other slope positions. It is advised that integrated soil fertility management, biophysical soil and water conservation, and slope-based, site-specific fertilizer rating for advance agricultural precision and ensure food security.
Transplanted V/S Direct-Seeded Method of Rice: A Review
Authors: K Poojitha , K M Pravalika , T Theerthana , D V Prashanth
Published: April 2024

As rice traditionally grown as transplanted crop in puddled land leading to various problems because of labour shortage i.e., unavailability of labours during the peak period of work i.e., during nursery preparation, maintenance and transplanting. Other than that, rising of nursery needs extra care and management. So there is a need for other methods of establishment of rice which produce higher or similar yields compare to transplanting. Direct seeding is one of the methods which includes wet and dry seeding. Long term research has to be done in order to know the sustainability of direct seeded rice over transplanting.
Influence of Different Growing Conditions on Growth Parameters of Banana Varieties
Authors: S Pooja Shree, , Nanjappanavar Anand G. , Patil S. N , M. S. Lokesh , Gandolkar Kantesh , Hadlegeri Ramanagouda
Published: April 2024

Banana is one of the most widely consumed and economically important fruit crop in the world. It is the second most important fruit crop in India after the mango with respect to area. The present experiment investigates the growth and physiological parameters like pseudostem height, pseudostem girth, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of functional leaves, total number of leaves per plant, days taken for phyllochron, chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance in different banana varieties under different growing conditions over a two year research period (2021 – 2022 and 2022 – 2023) at MHREC, UHS, Bagalkot, India. The experiment consisted of six treatments (T1- G1V1 – Ney Poovan under net house condition, T2 – G1V2 – Grand Naine under net house condition, T3 – G1V3 – Rajapuri under net house condition, T4 – G2V1 – Ney Poovan under open field condition, T5 – G2V2 – Grand Naine under open field condition, T6 – G2V3 – Rajapuri under open field condition) laid out in FRCBD with 4 replications. Results revealed that growth parameters such as the highest pseudostem girth, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area, number of functional leaves, total number of leaves per plant and chlorophyll content was found to be highest in banana variety Grand Naine grown under net house condition. Whereas, the days taken for phyllochron and stomatal conductance was recorded minimum in Grand Naine under net house conditions.
From Theory to Practice: Implementing Effective Role-Based Access Control Strategies to Mitigate Insider Risks in Diverse Organizational Contexts
Authors: Marquis Yewande Alice
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) systems in mitigating insider threats to database security within various organizational environments. Insider threats represent a significant challenge for database security, necessitating robust and adaptive security measures. By delineating access based on users' roles within an organization, RBAC emerges as a critical tool against such threats. Employing a quantitative research methodology, this work gathered data through a survey targeting professionals directly involved in the security and management of organizational databases across technology, finance, healthcare, and government industries. The study utilized Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to validate the measurement model and analyze the relationships between RBAC effectiveness, implementation challenges, RBAC enhancements, and their collective impact on insider threat reduction. Findings indicate that RBAC effectively reduces unauthorized access and data breaches, significantly mitigating insider threats. However, implementation challenges such as role definition complexity and adapting to dynamic access needs emerge as notable obstacles. Enhancements in RBAC, mainly through integrating technologies like machine learning and dynamic access controls, are identified as critical mediators that enhance RBAC's effectiveness. The study concludes that while RBAC is a vital tool for database security, its success depends on continuous improvement and customization to specific organizational contexts. It recommends developing continuous enhancement programs for RBAC systems, specialized training for administrators, and the customization of RBAC strategies to meet unique organizational and industry needs. These measures are crucial for optimizing RBAC's effectiveness against insider threats.
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] Genotypes
Authors: Bashir Khansa , Masoodi Ummyiah H. , Ali Gowhar , Nazir Nageena , Malik Abdul Raouf , Nazir Gazala , Aftab Oneza
Published: April 2024

The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental field of Urban Technological Park Habbak, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir during kharif-2022. The experiment was laid out in Augmented Randomized Block Design with three blocks and plant spacing of 2×1 m for seventy- seven genotypes including two checks, Pusa Naveen and Pusa Santushti. Observations were recorded for growth and yield traits, seed traits and quality parameters. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were slightly higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied indicating little influence of environment in the expression of these traits. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for seed weight fruit-1 (45.15 and 45.13). High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was recorded for seed weight fruit-1 (0.99 and 93.01), indicating that the heritability is most likely due to additive gene effects and thus the chances of fixing this trait by selection are more. The estimates of heritability in broad sense were high for all the traits. Correlation studies indicated that fruit yield plant-1 followed by fruit weight, vine length, number of primary branches and number of fruits plant-1 had significant and positive correlation with fruit yield ha-1. Path coefficient analysis showed that fruit yield plant-1 followed by fruit weight, number of primary branches, node number at which 1st male flower appeared and fruit diameter had highest direct effects on the yield per ha-1.
Screening of Lentil Genotypes Against Wilt of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik L.) Caused by Fusarium oxysporum F. SP. Lentis in Glasshouse Condition
Authors: Pandey Sakshi , Chandra Subhash , Raghuvanshi Rahul , Singh Gaurav Ayodhya , Kumar Akhil , Pandey Stuti
Published: April 2024

Wilt of lentil is most damaging disease of lentil caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. It causes severe crop damage from vegetative to reproducing stage which results in yield reduction. Fol isolates shows high variability and aggressiveness according to the climatic condition. So to overcome from this disease there are many ways of management like by cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical practices. Resistant variety selection is one of the best ecofriendly cultural management of the disease. So for this purpose one hundred genotypes were taken and screened through pot screening technique under glasshouse was carried out at the Student Instructional Farm (SIF), in the department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, which is situated in the IndoGangatic plains of eastern Uttar Pradesh at a latitude of 26.470 and an altitude of 113 meters above sea level during Rabi 2020-21. One hundred genotypes of lentil were obtained from the Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya and IIPR, Kalyanpur, Kanpur (U.P.).Out of 100 genotypes, 41 genotypes were found highly resistant, 30 genotypes resistant, 8 genotypes moderately resistant, 10 genotypes susceptible and 11 genotypes highly susceptible to Fusarium wilt.
Effect of Surfactant on FRET and Quenching in DNA Sequence Detection Using Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Attar Hameed A. Al , Monkman Andy P.
Published: August 2008

The effect of a nonionic surfactant on various energy‐transfer and quenching processes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence detection using the cationic conjugated polymer (CCP) poly{[9,9‐bis(N,N,N‐trimethylammonium)hexylfluorene]‐co‐1,4‐phenylene diiodide} and peptide nucleic acid labeled with fluorescein (PNA‐Flu*) has been investigated. Steady‐state and time‐resolved measurements reveal that nonionic surfactant enhances both sensitivity and selectivity in targeted DNA sequence detection. The enhancement of the sensitivity is ascribed to an increase in the CCP quantum yield due to the surfactant breaking up polymer aggregates, increasing the isolated polymer chain concentration, and reducing interchain quenching. This also increases the polymer surface‐to‐volume ratio. The sensitivity is also improved as the surfactant reduces CCP quenching by DNA and buffer solution through incorporation of the CCP in micelles, which reduces charge‐transfer processes. Enhancement of the selectivity is achieved through the reduction of the hydrophobic interaction between the CCP and free PNA‐Flu*. Time‐resolved fluorescence lifetime analysis provides an effective way to differentiate these particular effects in the DNA‐PNA‐Flu assays. Comparing the decay profiles of the CCP, CCP/DNA, and CCP/complementary DNA:PNA‐Flu*, it was found that both surfactant and DNA do not alter dramatically the isolated polymer chain lifetime (the first increases the concentration of the single chains by breaking up the polymer aggregation and the latter reduces the concentration of the isolated polymer chain by static quenching), therefore the change in the isolated polymer chain fluorescence lifetime can predominantly reflect the quenching of the donor by FRET to the PNA fluorescent label. Here, surfactant increases Förster radius by enhancing the polymer fluorescence quantum yield. Furthermore, surfactant also increases the difference in the donor lifetimes between the complementary and noncomplementary cases. This difference reflects the increase in the energy‐transfer efficiency and hence higher selectivity. Fluorescein quenching is mediated by the CCP which causes Flu*‐Flu* self‐quenching via a PNA‐CCP hydrophobic interaction. Optimization or minimization of various interactions to achieve the best DNA detection sensor is discussed.
Vinyl–carbon nanotubes for composite polymer materials
Authors: Kang Xu , Ma Wei , Zhang Hao‐Li , Xu Zhu‐Guo , Guo Yun , Xiong Yuqing
Published: August 2008

We report herein a simple method for attaching vinyl groups onto the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the application of vinyl–carbon nanotubes (CNT–CC) in fabricating polymer composites. The synthesis of CNT–CC was monitored with IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained CNT–CC showed good compatibility with the in situ polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and exhibited no tendency for phase separation in the final composite. A transmission electron microscopy study revealed a uniform coating on the CNT–CC tubes, indicating good grafting efficiency of PMMA. The uniform dielectric PMMA coating was responsible for the lower electrical conductivity of the CNT–CC/PMMA composites versus that of the CNTs without vinyl modification. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Combinatorial Design of Simplified High‐Performance Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts for Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Alkyl‐ and α,α‐Dialkyl‐α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Kitamura Masanori , Shirakawa Seiji , Arimura Yuichiro , Wang Xisheng , Maruoka Keiji
Published: August 2008

A very efficient, chiral phase‐transfer catalyst, (S)‐2 Db, was prepared by taking advantage of the combinatorial approach from the readily available (S)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐dicarboxylic acid. This catalyst exhibited high catalytic performance (0.01–0.1 mol %) in the asymmetric alkylation ofN‐(diphenylmethylene)glycinetert‐butyl ester andN‐(p‐chlorophenylmethylene)alaninetert‐butyl ester relative to other chiral phase‐transfer catalysts in current use. This has created a general and highly practical procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of structurally diverse natural and unnatural α‐alkyl‐α‐amino acids as well as α,α‐dialkyl‐α‐amino acids. A similar simplified catalyst, (S)‐2 Fb, is also applicable to the direct asymmetric aldol reaction between glycine Schiff base and aldehydes with moderatesynselectivity and high enantioselectivity.
Time‐ and media‐dependent secondary carotenoid accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Grewe Claudia , Griehl Carola
Published: August 2008

The green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis synthesizes secondary carotenoids after exposure to environmental stress, a process that is used for the biotechnological production of astaxanthin (Ax). This study reports, for the first time, the medium‐dependent changes in the carotenoid pattern throughout the cultivation process as well as the exact composition of carotenoids and their fatty acid mono‐ and diesters using LC‐MS. Secondary carotenoid formation started immediately upon exposure to nutrient depletion and high light conditions. Ax and its corresponding monoand diesters were detected simultaneously. After 15 days of cultivation, no significant changes were detected in carotenoid composition; however, the ratio between carotenoid mono‐ and diesters still varied. Main carotenoids were identified as Ax linolenate and Ax oleate, but also five adonirubin and one lutein monoester were detected. The influence of three different autotroph media was studied on carotenoid content, which reached a maximum 16.1 mg/g dry weight. The results indicate that media composition has an influence on the ratio of Ax mono‐ to diester but not on the qualitative composition of secondary carotenoids in H. pluvialis. Beside the pathway via echinenone, canthaxanthin and adonirubin the results indicate that Ax biosynthesis takes place via another route: from β‐carotene via β‐cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and adonixanthin.
Biofilm Formation by Microorganisms Isolated from Paper Mill Effluent and its Public Health Implications
Authors: Lal Priyanka , Agarwal Vishnu , Pruthi Parul , Cameotra Swaranjit Singh , Pruthi Vikas
Published: August 2008

The microbiological assessment of biofilm formation from paper mill effluent discharged through a pipeline revealed a maximum microbial count for Pseudomonas (5·106 cfu/mL) followed by Staphylococcus (4·106 cfu/mL), Bacillus (8.2·105 cfu/mL), Burkholderia (7.2·105 cfu/mL), Enterobacter (5.3·104 cfu/mL), Acinetobacter (4.1·103 cfu/mL), Alcaligenes (1.2·102 cfu/mL) and Klebsiella (0.8·102 cfu/mL) species. Among these species, the maximum biofilm formation was observed after 24 h of incubation by Pseudomonas sp. using a crystal violet (CV) assay. This isolate was later identified by 16S rRNA amplification to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa PME1. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of P. aeruginosa PME1 in the biofilm showed a reduction in total carbohydrate content (42%) with increased protein (9.0%), hexosamine (3.0%) and uronic acid (1.7%) content as compared to its planktonic form. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that P. aeruginosa PME1 biofilms were 17, 24, 27, 30, and 32 times more resistant to cefotaxime, imipenem, ceftazidime, tazobactam and piperacillin, respectively, than their free flowing counterparts.
Use of the ThinPrep® method in bile duct brushings: Analysis of morphologic parameters associated with malignancy and determination of interobserver reliability
Authors: Waugh Michael S. , Guy Cynthia D. , Maygarden Susan J. , Livasy Chad A. , Jones Claudia K. , Volmar Keith E.
Published: August 2008

Recent work suggests the ThinPrep® method can improve diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy in bile duct brushings. However, the proportion of atypical and suspicious diagnoses remains high. The aim of this study was to identify the most useful morphologic features in ThinPrep® bile duct cytology and evaluate interobserver reliability.

We evaluated 100 bile duct brushings prepared by ThinPrep®, all with either histology or long term clinical follow‐up (55 malignant, 45 benign). Morphologic features were evaluated by four experienced cytopathologists blind to clinical information and follow‐up diagnoses. These features included cellularity, blood or diathesis, mitoses, inflammation, three‐dimensional groups, discohesive atypical cells, macronucleoli, well‐defined cytoplasmic borders, and nuclear features of malignancy (nuclear membrance irregularity, chromatin clumping). The data were analyzed by intraclass correlation (ICC) and stepwise multiple logistic regression.

Reviewers showed unanimous agreement in 29% of cases, one degree of disagreement in 58% of cases, and full disagreement in 13% of cases. Of benign cases, 38% were thought to be diagnostic of malignancy by at least one of the four reviewers. Sensitivity for the morphologic parameters varied from 18 to 67%; the highest sensitivity was for discohesive atypical cells, well‐defined cytoplasmic borders, nuclear features of malignancy, and cellularity (67, 62, 51 and 46%, respectively). Specificity of parameters varied from 16 to 100%; the highest specificity was for mitoses, three‐dimensional groups, nuclear features of malignancy, and macronucleoli (100, 98, 93, and 93%, respectively). Interobserver reliability (ICC) was very good for specimen cellularity (0.72) and nuclear features of malignancy (0.60). In logistic regression analysis, only nuclear features of malignancy and increasing patient age separated benign from malignant.

On ThinPrep® bile duct brushings, nuclear features of malignancy are most useful in distinguishing benign from malignant, and interobserver reliability for this parameter is very good. Discohesive atypical cells show moderate sensitivity and specificity, while three dimensional clusters and macronucleoli are specific but not sensitive for malignancy, and are not significant in multivariate logistic regression models. The relatively high proportion of benign cases thought to be diagnostic of malignancy by at least one reviewer argues for a consensus approach to this diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:651–656. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with calcification: Report of a case with rare finding on aspiration smears
Authors: Sharma Shree Gopal , Mathur Sandeep R. , Aron Manju , Iyer V. K. , Arora V. K. , Verma Kusum
Published: August 2008

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is a distinct variant of renal cell carcinoma. It is important to identify this entity because it has a significantly better prognosis than clear cell (conventional) renal cell carcinoma. We report the case of a 56‐year‐old male who presented with 10 days history of painless hematuria. There was no palpable swelling or systemic symptoms. On radiological examination the possibility of a right renal neoplasm was considered. Ultrasound guided aspiration was done and cytological features of ChRCC were noted. In addition, numerous foci of calcification were seen, which was an unusual cytological feature for ChRCC. The characteristic cytomorphology of ChRCC makes it possible to render a preoperative diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). We report the case to emphasize the importance and possibility of diagnosing of ChRCC on cytology. In addition, the extensive calcification as seen in our case is an unusual cytological finding not previously reported in cytology smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:647–650. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration biopsy cytology of extraabdominal desmoid tumor concurrently occurring in a patient with tumoral calcinosis
Authors: Saleh Husain , Kapadia Rehana
Published: August 2008

Extraabdominal fibromatosis or desmoid tumor (DT) is a slow growing locally aggressive soft tissue tumor that can occur anywhere in the body. We report the aspiration biopsy cytology features of a case of DT of the right neck area in a 35‐year‐old man who had a long standing history of tumoral calcinosis. The aspirate was interpreted as “benign spindle cell lesion” and confirmed as DT on histologic examination of the resected mass. We discuss the possible differential diagnoses of other benign or malignant lesions on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and especially discuss the aspiration cytology features of DT compared with those of tumoral calcinosis. We also discuss the value of immunohistochemical markers that help in differentiating DT from other entities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:624–627. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas: Endosonography‐guided fine needle aspiration
Authors: Jian Bo , Kimbrell Hillary Zalaznick , Sepulveda Antonia , Yu Gordon
Published: August 2008

Lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) of the pancreas is a rare lesion. Here, we report three cases that we encountered during 2007 in our institution, which were evaluated by endosonography (EUS) and fine needle aspiration (FNA). All three patients were male with ages ranging from 47 to 77 years. Each patient had a single, cystic mass of the body/tail of the pancreas that was found incidentally on CT scan. The size of the masses ranged from 3 to 6.5 cm radiologically. For each patient, EUS showed a well‐circumscribed, lobulated mass with smooth contours; the remainder of the pancreas appeared normal without ductal dilation. FNA of all three masses demonstrated predominantly anucleated squamous cells, amorphous keratinous debris, and lymphocytes. Cholesterol crystals were present in one case. One patient underwent surgical resection and the diagnosis of LEC was confirmed histologically. In conclusion, pancreatic LECs are extremely rare, benign cystic lesions. FNA study may help to render a correct diagnosis and reduce unnecessary surgery. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:662–665. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in pleural fluid: Diagnostic pitfall for atypical mesothelial cells
Authors: Monaco Sara E. , Dabbs David J. , Kanbour‐Shakir Amal
Published: August 2008

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) is a subtype of infiltrating lobular carcinoma because of its dyscohesiveness, linear infiltration pattern, and lack of membranous E‐cadherin staining. However, it differs from classic lobular carcinoma because of its high‐grade cytology and more aggressive clinical behavior.

In breast fine‐needle aspiration biopsies, PLC can be confused with invasive ductal carcinoma, particularly the apocrine variant. In this report, we illustrate how metastatic PLC in body fluid specimens shows many of the same cytomorphologic changes that occur in reactive/atypical mesothelial cells. Fortunately, the immunohistochemical staining pattern of PLC can help to distinguish it from other possible diagnoses in the differential, such as reactive/atypical mesothelial cells and other metastatic neoplasms. However, the frequent apocrine features seen in this variant of breast carcinoma can cause nonspecific immunohistochemical positivity that may make the interpretation difficult.

This is the first report illustrating the cytopathology and immunohistochemical findings of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in body cavity fluid cytology. Our case highlights the important issues and pitfalls to be aware of when making this diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:657–661. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.