bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facilitating factors encouraging girl learners to choose science, technology, engineering, and mathematical subjects and related careers:
Authors: Makola Zamandlovu , Tabane Ramudunguane
Published: July 2023

In recent years, there has been a drive to recruit more women into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. However, a perceived lack of interest by girl learners in STEM subjects and careers presents a challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons that encourage high school girls to choose STEM subjects and careers. A qualitative design that adopted the case study approach using the interpretivist paradigm was chosen for this study. The data were collected using a focus group with a novel sample of girls taking technical subjects at a technical high school in a rural area. The study identified four facilitating factors that steer girl learners towards choosing STEM subjects and STEM-related careers. These factors were primary school experience, parental influence, prosperity through employment and entrepreneurial opportunities, breaking stereotypes, and being a role model. The insights gained from this study could be beneficial to the government, businesses, social activists, schools, teachers, and other relevant stakeholders in encouraging girl learners to choose STEM-related and related careers.
Entrepreneurial marketing: Exploring its place in social enterprises
Authors: Nwankwo Cosmas , Kanyangale Macdonald
Published: July 2023

The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, individuals, and other supportive agencies. Much of this neglect could be attributed to the failure to adopt suitable business model/entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that address the many challenges these enterprises face. This paper aims to evaluate extant literature and models on EM to propose a new and comprehensive model for social enterprises. In this pursuit, a background literature review on EM was conducted in several peer-reviewed journals. Eight core dimensions were adapted from existing models: social innovativeness, social proactiveness, socially calculated risk-taking, social resources leveraging, social customer intensity, social value creation, social market sense, and social alliance. Based on these dimensions, a new and all-inclusive model of SEM is proposed. This paper concludes that applying these EM dimensions to social enterprises would significantly promote innovative and sustainable success.
COVID-19: Experiences of women in the South African banking sector
Authors: Pitsoe Olebogeng , Schachtebeck Chris , Dhanpat Nelesh
Published: July 2023

Women shoulder the dual responsibilities of managing their households and professional commitments. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a new working model that has blurred these roles. Even before the pandemic, women encountered numerous barriers in the workplace, and the pandemic may have exacerbated these challenges. Therefore, it is essential to explore this topic further. This study aims to investigate women's experiences in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilising a qualitative approach within an exploratory and interpretivist paradigm. The research adopts a case study methodology focusing on one of South Africa's leading banks, with women from different levels of seniority selected for sampling. From September 2021 to February 2022, interviews were conducted with fifteen women from the case study bank using Microsoft Teams. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the collected data, resulting in four themes and thirteen sub-themes. The first theme explores changes in the working model, while the second theme delves into organisational support. The third theme focuses on continued career growth, and the final theme addresses work-life conflict. The findings indicate that women in the case organisation perceive the remote working model as advantageous, increasing productivity and facilitating the integration of their professional and personal roles. However, a drawback of this new arrangement is the emergence of work-life conflict as work responsibilities intrude upon their personal lives. Although the case organisation provided some support, there is room for improvement. This study offers valuable insights for the financial services sector regarding women's experiences and areas that require enhancement within the industry. By shedding light on women's workplace experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, this research contributes to the existing knowledge and presents a conceptual model for organisations to support female employees working remotely.
The effect of service quality and perceived value on customer loyalty in Tuban restaurants with customer satisfaction mediation
Authors: Gulam B M Irsyad , Suryadi Nanang , Prima Waluyowati Nur
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and perceived value on customer loyalty as mediated by restaurant customer satisfaction in Tuban Regency. The population in this study was customers who have visited and enjoyed restaurants in Tuban Regency. The total samples in this study were 165 respondents using purposive sampling. The analysis method used is Partial Least Squares (PLS). The Result showed that service quality and perceived value positively and significantly impact customer loyalty. Then, service quality and perceived value significantly impact customer satisfaction. The finding of this study also revealed that Customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction partially mediates the effects of service quality and perceived value on customer loyalty. Therefore, the restaurant needs to maintain and improve service quality and perceived value, which in turn will increase customer loyalty.
The mediating role of employee engagement in the relationship between self-efficacy and organizational support on employee performance
Authors: Lusiferina Amalia Utami Dinda , Sudiro Achmad , Noermijati
Published: July 2023

This study examines the impact of self-efficacy and organizational support on employee performance as mediated by employee engagement at the regional public companies, Perumda Air Minum Ngawi Regency. This study is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all permanent employees of the Perumda Air Minum Ngawi. Saturated sampling was used in the sampling methodology. The study's sample consisted of 269 permanent Perumda Air Minum Ngawi employees with a minimum work period of one year. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents and analyzed quantitatively using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that self-efficacy and organizational support significantly affect employee performance. This study also indicates that self-efficacy and organizational support have a significant effect on employee engagement, and employee engagement has a significant impact on employee performance. Employee engagement can mediate the effect of self-efficacy and organization on employee performance. The results of this study advise the Perumda Air Minum Ngawi to maintain employee engagement and organizational support to improve employee performance.
Accounting practices in micro enterprises at Aba Islamic boarding business
Authors: Dwi Maulida Sovie , Ludigdo Unti , Purwanti Lilik
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine the accounting practices of micro businesses engaged in convection at the Islamic Boarding School, named Aba Collection. This study uses ethnomethodology with the qualitative approach as a research method because it has its own points in understanding empirically. Ethnomethodology is an empirical study that studies how humans capture and perform daily activities in social reality. The results of this study found that accounting does exist and is considered important in the Aba Collection. Applied accounting is using simple accounting in its own way. The presence of simple accounting is carried out based on religious values, namely sustenance, sincerity, and alms. These values are implemented in simple accounting practices with the belief and faith of the business owner.  The finding of this study suggests that Local governments should also pay more attention to providing training on accounting practices to produce financial statements tailored to the needs and business conditions classified as Micro businesses in Tulungagung Regency.
The green experience effects on gen z customer loyalty mediated by perceived value and satisfaction
Authors: Daniar Katherin , Fatchur Rohman  , Sunaryo
Published: July 2023

This study examines the relationship between the green experience, loyalty, perceived value, and satisfaction among Gen Z consumers at Retrorika Coffee Bar & Resto Batu in Indonesia. The population in this study is consumer Gen Z of Retrorika Coffee Bar & Resto Batu. This research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach which collects data by distributing questionnaires to 140 respondents. Data analysis used a partial least square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that the green experience has an indirect effect on loyalty. Perceived value had a significant effect on loyalty. The result of this study also shows that perceived value fully mediates the effect of the green experience on loyalty, and satisfaction has no mediation effect. The results suggest that green cafés and restaurants can enhance their distinctive green experience, and continuously innovate in offering and educating customers about green products. By improving their concept, these establishments can effectively cultivate customer loyalty.
The influence of intensity of TikTok use, utilitarian value, and hedonic value on impulsive buying mediated by urge to buy impulsively
Authors: Rani Vitria Zhuanita , Ainur Rofiq  , Juwita Himmiyatul Amanah Jiwa
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to find out whether there is a relationship between the intensity of using Tiktok, utilitarian value, hedonic value, and impulse buying. TikTok is a social commerce with a live shopping service that provides convenience in online shopping and allows direct interaction with sellers while browsing social media without switching applications. This study uses the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory, dividing the stimulus into internal and external factors. Internal factors include utilitarian value and hedonic value, while external factors are the intensity of use of the TikTok application. Respondents in this study are married women who use Tiktok. This research is causality research with a total sample of 120 respondents. The data collection method uses a questionnaire and is analyzed using SEM-PLS. The findings of this study indicate that the intensity of TikTok use significantly affects impulse purchases. However, utilitarian and hedonic values have no significant effect on impulse purchases. For the mediating effect, the impulse to buy impulsively mediates the relationship between the intensity of TikTok use and the hedonic value of impulse buying. However, it does not mediate the utilitarian value of impulse buying.
Does corruption attract foreign direct investment inflows? Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Raphael Gwahula
Published: July 2023

Corruption remains a prominent institutional barrier that hampers foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in developing countries. However, the specific impact of corruption on FDI inflows in Tanzania remains largely unexplored. This research aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the consequences of corruption on FDI inflows in Tanzania between 1996 and 2021. The analysis utilizes time series institutional data obtained from the World Bank governance indicators and FDI inflow data from the Bank of Tanzania (BOT). Given the consideration of multiple variables, a multiple regression model is employed to analyze the data. Unit root tests such as the expanded Dickey-Fuller and Johansen cointegration tests are utilised to assess whether the variables are cointegrated and whether the data exhibits stationarity or nonstationarity. The findings of this study unequivocally demonstrate that corruption (CC) has a significant adverse effect on both short-term and long-term FDI inflows. The data from 1996 to 2021 consistently indicate a noteworthy influence of corruption (CC) on FDI inflows. Consequently, this research recommends concerted efforts to combat corruption in order to improve the investment climate and attract foreign investors.
The contribution of cassava production and marketing on smallholder farmers’ livelihood in Dodoma Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mashenene Robert , Maziku Petro , Otieno Lilian
Published: July 2023

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has remained a major source of food security and income generation for most developing countries including Tanzania due to its ability to drought and disease resistance. At present, its production in Tanzania stands at 630,000 tons while the country's market demand is expected to grow at 7% by 2026.  Therefore, this study assessed the contribution of cassava production and marketing on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Tanzania particularly in the Dodoma region, so as to explore its potential contributions to the society welfare. A cross-sectional research design was employed whereby a multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample of 240 cassava smallholder farmers from four districts in the Dodoma region namely Kondoa, Chemba, Kongwa, and Mpwapwa. Quantitative data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires and focus group discussion, interview and observation methods also were used in collecting qualitative data from the study area. Content analysis was used in analyzing qualitative data.  A binary logistic regression model was employed to estimate the contribution of cassava production and marketing on smallholder farmers’ livelihoods in the region. The findings from the study indicated that family size, farmers’ experience, land size, education, number of visits by extension, and market access statistically were significant with showed a positive relationship with the improvement in the livelihood of farmers in the selected districts. On the other hand, transportation costs showed a negative relation with the improvement of farmers’ livelihood. Generally, it can be concluded that an increase in production and improvement in marketing variables could contribute much to the improvement of smallholder farmers’ livelihood.  Based on these findings, it is recommended that Ministries responsible for cassava production and marketing which included the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Industry and Trade focus more on the design, promotion, and implementation of policies and programs that are intended to enhance cassava production in rural areas and increase the provision of best farming practices through employing more extension officers.
Pro-activeness and its effect on the survival of family-owned manufacturing companies in Kigali City, Rwanda
Authors: Muhayimana Victoire , Gwahula Raphael , Marcha Salvio
Published: July 2023

The chance of survival of businesses in Rwanda is underprivileged and 82% of them close at an early stage, which negatively affects manufacturing companies, particularly Family-Owned Manufacturing Companies (FOMCs). Although there are other reasons why many FOMCs do not succeed in the next generation, a lack of pro-activeness has surfaced as a critical factor. Thus, the study aimed to assess the effect of pro-activeness on the survival of family-owned manufacturing companies in Kigali City, Rwanda. The study was conducted in Kigali City, from 2017 to 2023; Cochran’s formula was employed to determine a sample size of 384 senior employees picked at random from 77 FOMCs. This study employed Self-administered questionnaires and a quantitative approach. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to find out the relationship among variables. IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) SPSS (Software Package for Social Sciences) was employed to analyze data. The findings of this study indicated that pro-activeness had a substantial influence on the survival of family-owned manufacturing companies. The study offers a cogent explanation of the relationship between the longevity of family-owned manufacturing companies and pro-activeness. The study also offers important insights into the smooth and effective execution of pro-activeness for the survival and continuity of family-owned manufacturing enterprises. Moreover, the study findings indicated that combining pro-activeness and training the successors boost the productivity of family-owned companies and make them more competitive in the market, which leads to the long-term survival of FOMFs. The FOMFs that use pro-activeness in their operations survive longer than the ones without it.
Resource-Efficient Optimization for FPGA-Based Convolution Accelerator
Authors: Ma Yanhua , Xu Qican , Song Zerui
Published: July 2023

Convolution forms one of the most essential operations for the FPGA-based hardware accelerator. However, the existing designs often neglect the inherent architecture of FPGA, which puts forward an austere challenge on hardware resource requirements. Even though some previous works have proposed approximate multipliers or convolution acceleration algorithms to deal with this issue, the inevitable accuracy loss and resource occupation easily lead to performance degradation. Toward this, we first propose two kinds of resource-efficient optimized accurate multipliers based on LUTs or carry chains. Then targeting FPGA-based platforms, a generic multiply-accumulate structure is constructed by directly accumulating the partial products produced by our proposed optimized radix-4 Booth multipliers without intermediate multiplication and addition results. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed multiplier achieves a maximum 51% look-up-table (LUT) reduction compared to the Vivado area optimized multiplier IP. Furthermore, the convolutional process unit using the proposed structure achieves a 36% LUT reduction compared to existing methods. As case studies, the proposed method is applied to DCT transformer and LeNet to achieves hardware resource saving without loss of accuracy.
MIC: Microwave Imaging Curtain for Weapon and Explosive Belt Dynamic and Automatic Detection
Authors: Baque Remi , Vignaud Luc , Wasik Valentine , Castet Nicolas , Herschel Reinhold , Cetinkaya Harun , Brandes Thomas
Published: July 2023

DEXTER (Detection of EXplosives and firearms to counter TERrorism) is a project funded by NATO’s Science for Peace and Security (SPS) program with the goal of developing an integrated system capable of remotely and accurately detecting explosives and firearms in public places without impeding the flow of pedestrians. The active microwave component of the DEXTER project is referred to as MIC (Microwave Imaging Curtain), supported by the French SGDSN (General Secretariat of Defense and National Security), and utilizes a radar system capable of generating 3D images in real time to address non-checkpoint detection of explosives and fire-arms. The project, led by the ONERA (France), is based on a radar imaging system developed by the Fraunhofer FHR institute, using a MIMO architecture with an Ultra Wide-Band waveform.

Although high-resolution 3D microwave imaging is already being used in expensive body scanners to detect firearms concealed under clothing, MIC's innovative approach lies in utilizing a high-resolution 3D imaging device that can detect larger dangerous objects carried by moving individuals at a longer range, in addition to providing discrete detection in pedestrian flow. Automatic detection and classification of these dangerous objects is carried out on 3D radar im-ages using a deep-learning network.

This paper will outline the project's objectives and constraints, as well as the design, architecture, and performance of the final system. Additionally, it will present real-time imaging results ob-tained during a live demonstration in a relevant environment.
Sol–Gel-Processed Y2O3 Multi-level Resistive Memory Cells for Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Taehun , Kim Hae-In , Cho Yoonjin , Lee Sangwoo , Lee Won-Yong , Bae Jin-Hyuk , Kang In Man , Kim Kwangeun , Lee Sin-Hyung , Jang Jaewon
Published: July 2023

Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices were fabricated using the sol–gel process on indium tin oxide/glass substrates. These devices exhibited conventional bipolar RRAM characteristics, without requiring a high voltage forming process. The effect of current compliance on the Y2O3 RRAM devices was investigated and revealed that as the set current compliance values increased, the resistance values gradually decreased. Consequently, intermediate resistance values were obtained, which are suitable for multi-level cell (MLC) switching. The fabricated Y2O3 RRAM devices were capable of functioning as an MLC with a capacity of 2 bits in one cell, utilizing three low resistance states and one common high resistance state. The potential of the Y2O3 RRAM for neural networks was further explored through numerical simulations. Hardware neural networks based on the Y2O3 RRAM demonstrated effective digit image classification with a high accuracy rate of approximately 88%, comparable to the ideal software-based classification (~92%). This suggests that the proposed RRAM has the potential to be utilized as a memory component in practical neuromorphic systems.
Effect of Spirulina Platensis Supplementation on Carcase Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile and Meat Quality of Omani Goats.
Authors: Al-Yahyaey Fahad , Al-Marzooqi Waleed , Shaat Ihab , Smith Melanie , Al-Sabahi Jamal , Melak Sherif , Bush Russell
Published: July 2023

Current low meat production in Omani goats under traditional feeding regimes justifies a study of the effects of Spirulina Platensis (SP) supplementation on goats’ performance. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating SP into diets on carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile and meat quality traits of two Omani goat breeds. Thirty-six eleven-month-old bucks from the Jabbali and Sahrawi goat breeds (n= 18/breed) were divided into three groups (control, Treatment 1, and treatment 2). All animals received a conventional concentrate feed ration (con-trol (CON) consisting of pellets creep fed. Animals were fed SP daily with Treatment 1 (T1) fed at 2g/head and Treatment 2 (T2) fed at 4g/head. Sahrawi bucks showed a highly significant response to SP feeding compared to Jabbali bucks. Average daily gain and carcass traits (body length, leg length and the rack weight) of Sahrawi bucks were significantly higher in the T1 group than in the CON group. The weights of omental and kidney fat increased in T1 group of Sahrawi goats, while it increased in T2 group of Jabbali goats compared to CON group. Ultimate pH increased in T1 group and meat color (lightness) increased in T2 group in both LD and SM muscles of Sahrawi goats. Most of PUFA n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratio increased in T1 group, while most of MUFA2 and PUFA n-3 fatty acids increased in T2 group of Sahrawi goats. In addition, a significant decrease in pentadecanoic and margaric acids of Sahrawi goats was observed by adding SP to the diet com-pared to the control group. The study concluded that incorporating SP (2g and 4g/head) into the diet of Omani goats, especially Sahrawi goats, can increase growth performance, improve fatty acid composition and meat quality.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Pathogens and Management
Authors: Justiz-Vaillant Angel A. , Williams-Persad Arlene Faye-Ann , Arozarena-Fundora Rodolfo , Gopaul Darren , Soodeen Sachin , Asin-Milan Odalis , Palmer Clovis , Akpaka Patrick Eberechi
Published: July 2023

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a defect in the phagocytic function of the innate immune system owing to mutations in genes encoding the five subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase enzyme complex. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive approach to the pathogens associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and its management. The topics covered included common pathogens infecting CGD patients, granulomas, and CGD-related infectious diseases, including invasive aspergillosis, Mulch pneumonitis, and liver abscesses. In addition, we also covered the differential diagnosis of CGD and its management. Patients with CGD, often children, have recurrent life-threatening infections and may develop infectious or inflammatory complications. The most common microorganisms observed in the patients with CGD are Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Nocardia spp, Burkholderia spp, Serratia spp, and Salmonella spp. Triple-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis with empiric regimens is recommended. Therefore, therapeutics against this disease must be optimised, considering the lack of curative therapies and the long-term side effects of prophylactic regimens. Consequently, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen-identical donor has been proven to cure CGD.
The Impact of a Sustainable Progressive STEAM Program on Primary School Students’ Critical Thinking Dispositions and Academic Achievements
Authors: Küçük Hasan , Perkan Zeki Canan , İskifoğlu Gökhan , Caner Hamit
Published: July 2023

This study, which was supported by a quantitative research paradigm with two experiment and two control groups of 4x4 quasi-experimental design, aimed to find out the impact of a sustainable progressive STEAM (SP-STEAM Model) application model on 5th grade primary school students critical thinking dispositions and mathematic achievements in Northern Cyprus. The treatment model was applied to experimental groups for 14 weeks of time. Split-plot multiple group analysis of variance (Split-plot ANOVA) statistical technique was used to calculate between and within group significances regarding exogenous variable. SPSS24 software package was used for the analysis. Pre-test and post-test results derived from experiment and control groups revealed significant effect of SP-STEAM Model on 5th grade primary school students’ critical thinking dispositions as measured with CCTDI and mathematic achievements as measured with a dedicated ex-am. The results were discussed in detail under the light of related literature and suggestions for further studies were proposed.
Comparison of the Articular Eminence and Condyle in Asian Juvenile Idiopathic Osteoarthritis Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral TMJ Involvement: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Ju Hye-Min , Kim Hee-Won , Choi Seo-Young , Jeon Hye-Mi , Jeong Sung-Hee , Ahn Yong-Woo , Ok And Soo-Min
Published: July 2023

This study compared condylar volume, length, and articular eminence (AE) characteristics in normal individuals and those with unilateral and bilateral juvenile idiopathic osteoarthritis (JOA). The 116 patients were divided into four groups: control (n=16), affected condyle of unilateral JOA (Aff-Uni) (n=36), non-affected condyle of JOA (NonAff-uni) (n=36), and bilateral JOA (Bi-JOA) (n=28). Volume and length differences in the condyle and AE were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests. The results showed that Bi-JOA had significantly different condylar volume, especially in the condylar head (p<0.01), specifically the middle, anterior, and medial parts (p<0.05). Condylar length also differed among the groups, with differences observed between the control group and the other three groups, as well as between the bilateral group and the other three groups (p<0.01). AE total volume differed between the control group and Aff-Uni. In the detailed comparison, Aff-Uni and NonAff-Uni were smaller than the control group in the posterior, lateral, and medial sections (p<0.05). In conclusion, depending on the involvement of unilateral or bilateral JOA, there were differences in condylar volume and AE compared to the normal control group. Therefore, prognosis should be evaluated by distinguishing between patients with unilateral and bilateral JOA.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in PCOS: Insights into Reproductive Organ Pathophysiology
Authors: Siemers Kyle M. , Klein Abigail K. , Baack Michelle L.
Published: July 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, but relatively common endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and micro-polycystic ovaries [1]. In addition to reduced fertility, people with PCOS have a higher risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease [1], all comorbidities that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. This review summarizes human and animal data that report mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation in PCOS to better understand how mitochondria impact reproductive organ pathophysiology. This in-depth review considers all the elements regulating mitochondrial quantity and quality, from mitochondrial biogenesis under transcriptional regulation of both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome, to the ultrastructural and functional complexes that regulate cellular metabolism and reactive oxygen species production, to dynamics which regulate subcellular interactions that are key to mitochondrial quality control. When any of these mitochondrial functions are disrupted the energetic equilibrium within the cell changes, cell processes can fail, and cell death can occur. If this process is ongoing, it affects tissue and organ function to cause disease. The objective of this review is to consolidate and classify a broad number of PCOS studies to understand how various mitochondrial processes impact reproductive organs including the ovary (oocyte and granulosa cell), uterus, placenta, and circulation to cause reproductive pathophysiology. A secondary objective is to uncover the potential role of mitochondria in transgenerational transmission of PCOS and metabolic disorders.
Application of the Method of Acoustic Emission in Assessing the Resistance of Coatings
Authors: Sergeeva Kristina Anatolievna , Loganina Valentina Ivanovna , Makarova Ludmila Viktorovna
Published: July 2023

Information is given on the application of the acoustic emission method for studying the kinetics of destruction of protective and decorative coatings of cement concrete. A different nature of the destruction of coatings has been established. When evaluating the nature of the destruction, it was found that for coatings based on polymer-lime and PF-115 paints, after curing, an adhesive type of destruction is characteristic, while for PVAC coatings it is cohesive. Thermal aging mainly changes the nature of destruction of PVAC coatings from cohesive to adhesive. With a decrease in the porosity of the substrate, higher values of the energy released when the coatings are detached from the substrates are observed. It was revealed that during aging as a result of alternating freezing-thawing, the greatest destructive effect is observed in the contact zone of the coating with the substrate. With an increase in the cycles of alternating freezing-thawing, the amount of energy released at the last stage of loading decreases
Risk Assessment of Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Associated with Dangerous Goods Transportation on the Cross-Tributary Bridges of Baiyangdian Lake
Authors: Yang Zhimin , Yan Xiangzhao , Tian Yutong , Pu Zaohong , Wang Yihan , Li Chunhui , Yi Yujun , Wang Xuan , Liu Qiang
Published: July 2023

Sudden water pollution accident is a tough environmental challenge to solve due to its uncertainty, unpredictability and destructiveness. Therein, the dangerous goods transportation accidents on the cross-tributary bridges are increasing worldwide with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, posing threats to the water ecological environment and human health. To prevent and control the risk, this study evaluated the risk of sudden water pollution accidents associated with dangerous goods transportation on the cross-tributary bridges by using the expert judgment fuzzy language method and Bayesian network model. Baiyangdian lake as the largest freshwater shallow lake in North China was chosen as a study case. Different accident scenarios were simulated to put forward risk prevention and control measures. The results showed that the primary risk factors were divided into five categories: personnel factors, vehicle factors, tank factors, weather factors, and road environment factors. The probability of dangerous goods transportation accidents was a possible event (P=0.115), with a high risk level. Furthermore, the Baiyangdian lake would suffer from serious environmental pollution and water quality degradation without prevention and control measures by simulating the oil leakage accident. Therefore, emergency prevention and control measures are expected to be formulated and implemented before and after the occurrence of the sudden water pollution accidents. This study provides useful insights into risk prevention and control strategies for sudden water pollution accidents, and the framework can be made applicable to other rivers facing similar risk challenges worldwide.
Present and Future Issues and Trends in Social Work Globally: A Scholarly Analysis
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: July 2023

This scholarly article provides an overview of the present and future issues and trends in social work on a global scale. Drawing upon recent bibliographic references and a review of the literature, this article explores the challenges faced by social workers in various regions and highlights emerging trends that are reshaping the field. The analysis incorporates insights from renowned authors and researchers to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state and anticipated future of social work practice, education, and research worldwide.
A Systematic Approach to Identify and Manage Interface Risks Between Project Stakeholders in Construction Projects
Authors: Okika Michael Chuba , Vermeulen Andre , Pretorius Jan-Harm Christiaan
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Interface risks are inherent in every construction project from start to finish. Identifying and managing these risks effectively in every project phase is crucial for actualising project objectives. This paper shows a comprehensive framework showing several relationships between project stakeholders and how the interface risks between them that influence project execution are identified and managed for the overall construction project success. Firstly, literature review on interfaces and interface risks were car-ried out and how organisations managed interface risks were discussed and secondly, the collection of quantitative data was conducted by means of structured online questionnaires. The sample consisted of 205 construction project professionals who were selected randomly. This group included individuals with various roles in the construction industry, The data was analysed using descriptive statistical methods, including factor analysis, reliability assessment, and calculations of frequencies and percentages. Finally, the results showed all the factors, work culture and organisational approaches that influence interface risk management and ways to identify and manage interface risks effectively.
Co-cultivation and Matching of Early- and Late-maturing Pearl Millet Varieties to Sowing Windows can Enhance Climate-Change Adaptation in Semi-arid Sub-Saharan Agroecosystems.
Authors: Awala Simon Kamwele , Hove Kudakwashe , Shekupe Johanna Valombola , Nafuka Helena Nalitende , Simasiku Evans Kamwi , Chataika Barthermeu , Horn Lydia Ndinelao , Angombe Simon T. , Akudabweni Levy SM , Mwandemele Osmund Damian
Published: July 2023

In semi-arid regions, climate change has affected crop growing season length and sowing time, potentially causing low yield of the rainfed staple crop pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and food insecurity among smallholder farmers. In this study, we used 1994–2023 rainfall data from Namibia's semi-arid North-Central Region (NCR), receiving November–April summer rainfall, to analyze rainfall patterns and trends and their implications on the growing season to propose climate adaptation options for the region. The results revealed high annual and monthly rainfall variabilities, with nonsignificant negative trends for November–February rainfalls, implying a shortening growing season. Furthermore, we determined the effects of sowing date on grain yields of the early-maturing Okashana-2 and local landrace Kantana pearl millet varieties and the optimal sowing window for the region, using data from a two-year split-plot field experiment conducted at the University of Namibia-Ogongo Campus, NCR, during the rainy season. Cubic polynomial regression models were applied to grain yield data sets to predict grain production for any sowing date between January and March. Both varieties produced the highest grain yields under January sowings, with Kantana exhibiting a higher yield potential than Okashana-2. Kantana, sown by 14 January, had a yield advantage of up to 36.0% over Okashana-2, but its yield gradually reduced with delays in sowing. Okashana-2 exhibited higher yield stability across January sowings, surpassing Kantana’s yields by up to 9.4% following the 14 January sowing. We determined the pearl millet optimal sowing window for the NCR from 1–7 and 1–21 January for Kantana and Okashana-2, respectively. These results suggest that co-cultivation of early and late pearl millet varieties and growing early-maturing varieties under delayed seasons could stabilize grain production in northern Namibia and enhance farmers' climate adaptation. Semi-arid agro-region policymakers could utilize this information to adjust local seed systems and extension strategies.
Use of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs to optimize bioelectricity production from winery residues
Authors: Devesa-Rey R. , Arce E. , Cartelle A. , Suárez-García A.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to optimize the bioelectricity production process using a vinasse solution through the application of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs. An electrochemical cell was constructed using Arduino to measure the potential difference between the anode and cathode immersed in the vinasse solution, a byproduct of wine production containing organic compounds and ions that undergo redox reactions. The Plackett-Burman design identified the most influential variables among eight previously selected, including vinasse concentration, agitation, and yeast, which positively affected millivolt production, while temperature showed a negative correlation. Based on these results, the Box-Behnken design was used for process optimization, varying parameters such as concentration, stirring, and sodium chloride. Response surface graphs demonstrated the relationship between these variables and millivolt production. The findings indicate that higher agitation levels, lower concentrations of vinasse, and the addition of sodium chloride can enhance bioelectricity generation. The study provides insights into the bioelectricity production process from vinasse, contributing to the understanding and potential for sustainable energy generation. The methodology involving Arduino-based measurement and the utilization of experimental designs offers a systematic approach to optimize bioelectricity production from vinasse.
3D-printed Architectural Structures Created Using Artificial Intelligences: A Review of Techniques and Applications
Authors: Živković Milijana , Žujović Maša , Milošević Jelena
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and 3D printing (3DP) play critical roles in what is known as the 4th Industrial Revolution by developing data- and machine-intelligence-based integrated production technologies. This shift has led to increasingly complex design requirements and fabrication methods, posing several challenges for implementing design, fabrication process, and architectural quality standardization. This paper systematically reviews AI techniques applied in diverse stages of 3DP production in architecture. The research goals are to (1) offer a comprehensive critical analysis of the body of literature; (2) identify and categorize approaches to integrating AI in the production of 3D-printed structures; (3) identify and discuss challenges and opportunities of AI integration in architectural production of 3DP structures; and (4) identify gap and provide recommendations for future research. The findings indicate that topics related to AI applications are current and trending, receiving increasing attention from researchers in general and particularly those working in machine and deep learning, artificial neural networks, and pattern recognition. However, the potential of the application of AI in architectural production using additive manufacturing still needs to be explored. Considering this, the paper emphasizes the necessity of redefining traditional field boundaries and opening new opportunities in the sector.
Geomorphology, Geoarchaeology and Geochronology of the Upper Pleistocene archaeological site of El Olivo Cave (Llanera, Asturias, Northern Spain).
Authors: Jordá Pardo Jesús F. , Álvarez-Alonso David , De Andrés Herrero Maria , Ballesteros Daniel , Carral Pilar , Hevia-Carrillo Aitor , Sanjurjo Jorge , Giralt Santiago , Jiménez-Sánchez Montserrat
Published: July 2023

El Olivo Cave (Pruvia de Arriba, Llanera, Asturias, Spain) is a small karst cave located in the Aboño River basin and formed in the Cretaceous limestone of the Mesozoic cover of the Cantabrian Mountains (north of the Iberian Peninsula). It contains an important upper Pleistocene sedimen-tary, archaeological and paleontological record, with abundant technological evidence and faunal remains. The archaeological record shows a first occupation that could correspond to the Middle Paleolithic and a second occupation in the Middle Magdalenian. The stratigraphic sequence inside and outside the cave was studied with geoarchaeological methodology. In this paper, the lithostratigraphic sequence is analyzed and the data from the granulometric, mineralogical, edaphological and radiometric analyses are presented. The results of these analyses enable an accurate interpretation of both the lithostratigraphy of the deposit as well as the processes re-sponsible for its formation and subsequent evolution. The available numerical dates allow us to locate the first sedimentation episode in the cave in OIS 7a, in the Middle Pleistocene, the base of the outer fluvial sedimentation in the cold OIS 3a stage of the Upper Pleistocene and the Magdalenian occupation in the Last Glacial Maximum (OIS 2) at the end of the Late Pleistocene.
SsCak1 Regulates Growth and Pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Qin Lei , Nong Jieying , Cui Kan , Tang Xianyu , Gong Xin , Xia Yunong , Xu Yan , Qiu Yilan , Li Xin , Xia Shitou
Published: July 2023

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes severe crop losses worldwide. It is of vital importance to understand its pathogenic mechanism for disease control. Through a forward genetic screen combined with next-generation sequencing, a putative protein kinase, SsCak1, was found to be involved in growth and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Knockout and complementation experiments confirmed that deletions in SsCAK1 caused defects in mycelium and sclerotia development, as well as appressoria formation and host penetration, leading to complete loss of virulence. These findings suggest that SsCak1 is essential for growth, development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Therefore, SsCak1 could serve as a potential target for the control of S. sclerotiorum infection through host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), which could increase crop resistance to the pathogen.
Nitrogen Addition Affects Interannual Variation in Seed Production in a Tibetan Perennial Herb
Authors: Lou Yuanxin , Wang Ruolan , Che Peiyue , Zhao Chuan , Chen Yali , Yang Yangheshan , Mu Junpeng
Published: July 2023

The variability observed in the annual seed production of perennial plants can be seen as an indication of changes in the allocation of resources between growth and reproduction, which can be attributed to fluctuations in the environment. However, a significant knowledge gap exists concerning the impacts of nitrogen addition on the interannual seed production patterns of perennial plant. We hypothesized that the addition of nitrogen would impact the annual variations in the seed production of perennial plants, ultimately affecting their overall reproductive efficiency. A multiyear field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen supply levels (e.g., 0, 4, 8 kg N ha−1 yr−1 of N0, N4, and N8) on the vegetative and floral traits, pollinator visitation rates, and seed traits over a period of four consecutive years. The results showed that the N0 treatment exhibited the highest levels of seed production and reproductive efficiency within the initial two years. In contrast, the N4 treatment displayed its highest level of performance in these metrics in the second and third years, whereas the N8 treatment showcased its most favorable outcomes in the third and fourth years. The similar patterns were found in the number of flowers per capitulum and the number of capitula per plant. There exists a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and several factors, encompassing the number of flowers per capitulum, the number of capitula per plant, the volume of nectar per capitulum, and the seed production per plant. This implies that the addition of N affected the maintenance of plant aboveground biomass, flower traits stability and, subsequently, the frequency of seed production, and the reproductive efficiency. Our results suggest that augmenting the nitrogen content in the soil may have the capacity to modify the inherent variability in seed production that is observed across various years. These findings have the potential to enhance our comprehension of the impact of nitrogen addition on the reproductive performance of perennial herbaceous plants, and the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity in the context of global environmental changes.
Encapsulation of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Essential Oils into Nanoemulsions for Potential Therapeutic Applications: Assessment of Cytotoxicological Profile
Authors: Aguzzi Cristina , Perinelli Diego Romano , Cespi Marco , Zeppa Laura , Mazzara Eugenia , Maggi Filippo , Petrelli Riccardo , Bonacucina Giulia , Nabissi Massimo
Published: July 2023

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), due to its bioactive compounds (terpenes and cannabinoids), has gained an increasing interest in different fields, including medical purposes. The evaluation of the safety profile of hemp essential oil (EO) and its encapsulated form (nanoemulsion, NE) is a relevant aspect for potential therapeutic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicolog-ical effect of hemp EOs and NEs from cultivars Carmagnola CS and Uso 31, on three cell lines se-lected as models for topical and inhalant administration, by evaluating the cytotoxicity and the cytokine expression profiles. Results show that EOs and their NEs have comparable cytotoxicity, if considering the quantity of EO present in the NE. Moreover, cells treated with EOs and NEs showed, in most of the cases, lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to Etoposide used as positive control, and the basal level of inflammatory cytokines was not altered, suggest-ing a safety profile of hemp EOs and their NEs to support their use for medical applications.