bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excited states of isolated fermions in the Higgs phase of gauge Higgs theories
Authors: Greensite Jeff , Matsuyama Kazue
Published: January 2022

We present evidence that seemingly elementary and non-composite objects, namely isolated static fermions in certain gauge Higgs theories, have a mass spectrum corresponding to localized excitations of the surrounding gauge and Higgs fields.
Renormalizability of center-vortex sectors in continuum Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Fiorentini D. , Junior D. R. , Oxman L. E. , Sobreiro R. F.
Published: January 2022

Recently, a novel approach to quantize SU(N) Yang-Mills theory was proposed, where the configuration space {Aμ} is split into sectors labeled by topological defects, and then the gauge is fixed by a sector dependent condition. As the procedure is local in {Aμ}, it could be free from Gribov copies. In this work, we review the renormalizability of sectors labeled by an arbitrary number of elementary center vortices.
Another look at the Landau gauge three-gluon vertex
Authors: Catumba Guilherme T. R. , Oliveira Orlando , Silva Paulo J.
Published: January 2022

We revisit the computation of the three-gluon vertex in the Landau gauge using lattice QCD simulations with large physical volumes of ~ (6.5 fm)4 and ~ (8 fm) 4 and large statistical ensembles. For the kinematical configuration analysed, that is described by a unique form factor, an evaluation of the lattice artefacts is also performed. Particular attention is given to the low energy behavior of vertex and its connection with evidence (or lack of it) of infrared ghost dominance.
Decomposition of the static potential in the Maximal Abelian gauge
Authors: Bornyakov Vitaly , Goy Vladimir , Kudrov Ilya , Rogalyov Roman
Published: January 2022

Decomposition of SU(2) gauge field into monopole and monopoleless components is studied in SU(2) gluodynamics and in QC2D with zero and nonzero quark chemical potential after fixing MA gauge. For both components we calculate respective static potential and compare their sum with the nonabelian static potential. We demonstrate good agreement in the confinement phase and discuss the implications of our results.
Improved calculation of the γ*γ → π process at low Q2 using LCSR’s and renormalization-group summation
Authors: Mikhailov Sergey , Pimikov Alexandr , Stefanis N.G.
Published: January 2022

We study two versions of lightcone sum rules to calculate the γ*γ → π0 transition form factor (TFF) within QCD. While the standard version is based on fixed-order perturbation theory by means of a power-series expansion in the strong coupling, the new method incorporates radiative corrections by renormalization-group summation and generates an expansion within a generalized fractional analytic perturbation theory involving only analytic couplings. Using this scheme, we determine the relative nonperturbative parameters and the first two Gegenbauer coefficients of the pion distribution amplitude (DA) to obtain TFF predictions in good agreement with the preliminary BESIII data, while the best-fit pion DA satisfies the most recent lattice constraints on the second moment of the pion DA at the three-loop level.
Heavy-quark mesons in the diabatic approach: string breaking and the quarkoniumlike spectrum
Authors: Bruschini Roberto
Published: January 2022

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation provides a description of heavy-quark mesons firmly based on lattice QCD, but its validity is limited to the lightest states lying far below the first open-flavour meson-meson threshold. This limitation can be overcome in the diabatic framework, a formalism first introduced in molecular physics, where the dynamics is encoded in a potential matrix whose elements can be derived from unquenched lattice QCD studies of string breaking. The off-diagonal elements of the potential matrix provide interaction between heavy quark-antiquark and meson-meson pairs, from which the mixing of quarkonium states with molecular components and the OZI-allowed strong decay widths are directly calculated. This allows for a QCD-based unified description of conventional quarkonium and unconventional mesons containing quark-antiquark and meson-meson components, what has proved to be successful for charmoniumlike and bottomoniumlike resonances.
Towards the NNLO theory prediction for the width difference ΔΓs
Authors: Shtabovenko Vladyslav
Published: January 2022

The width difference ΔΓs that can be extracted from lifetime measurements of the two mass eigenstates of the Bs0−B¯s0 system is one of the key flavor precision observables and has been experimentally measured at per cent level accuracy. The current theory prediction is much less accurate and a sizable reduction of scale uncertainties can only be achieved by means of evaluating the uncalculated 2- and 3-loop QCD corrections. This is precisely the issue addressed in this work where we report on the results that have been obtained so far and explain some of the technical and conceptual challenges that we encountered in the course of our calculations.
Thermal modification of open heavy-flavor mesons from an effective hadronic theory
Authors: Montaña Glòria
Published: January 2022

We have developed a self-consistent theoretical approach to study the modification of the properties of heavy mesons in hot mesonic matter which takes into account chiral and heavy-quark spin-flavor symmetries. The heavylight meson-meson unitarized scattering amplitudes in coupled channels incorporate thermal corrections by using the imaginary-time formalism, as well as the dressing of the heavy mesons with the self-energies. We report our results for the ground-state thermal spectral functions and the implications for the excited mesonic states generated dynamically in the heavy-light molecular model. We have applied these to the calculation of meson Euclidean correlators and transport coefficients for D mesons and summarize here our findings.
Inclusive Hadroproduction of P-wave Heavy Quarkonia in pNRQCD
Authors: Chung Hee Sok
Published: January 2022

We compute NRQCD long-distance matrix elements that appear in the inclusive production cross sections of P-wave heavy quarkonia in the framework of potential NRQCD. The formalism developed in this work applies to strongly coupled charmonia and bottomonia. This makes possible the determination of color-octet NRQCD long-distance matrix elements without relying on measured cross section data, which has not been possible so far. We obtain results for inclusive production cross sections of χcJ and χbJ at the LHC, which are in good agreement with measurements.
The dipole picture and the non-relativistic expansion
Authors: Escobedo Miguel Ángel , Lappi Tuomas
Published: January 2022

We study exclusive quarkonium production in the dipole picture at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy, using the non-relativistic expansion for the quarkonium wavefunction. The quarkonium light cone wave functions needed in the dipole picture have typically been available only at tree level, either in phenomenological models or in the nonrelativistic limit. Here, we discuss the compatibility of the dipole approach and the non-relativistic expansion and compute NLO relativistic corrections to the quarkonium light-cone wave function in light-cone gauge.
Fermion and gluon spectral functions far from equilibrium
Authors: Boguslavski Kirill , Lappi Tuomas , Schlichting Sören
Published: January 2022

Motivated by the quark-gluon plasma, we develop a simulation method to obtain the spectral function of (Wilson) fermions non-perturbatively in a non-Abelian gauge theory with large gluon occupation numbers [1]. We apply our method to a non-Abelian plasma close to its non-thermal fixed point, i.e., in a far-from-equilibrium self-similar regime, and find mostly very good agreement with perturbative hard loop (HTL) calculations. For the first time, we extract the full momentum dependence of the damping rate of fermionic collective excitations and compare our results to recent non-perturbative extractions of gluonic spectral functions in two and three spatial dimensions [2, 3].
News from the strong interactions program of NA61/SHINE
Authors: Bryliński Wojciech ,   for the NA61/SHINE Collaboration
Published: January 2022

NA61/SHINE (SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment) is a fixedtarget experiment operating at the CERN SPS accelerator. The main goal of the strong interactions program of NA61/SHINE is to study the properties of the phase transition between confined matter and quark-gluon plasma by performing a two-dimensional scan in beam momentum and size of collided nuclei. Within this program, collisions of different systems (p+p, p+Pb, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, Xe+La, Pb+Pb) over a wide range of beam momenta (13A-150(8)A GeV/c) have been recorded.

This contribution discusses the latest results of hadron production in p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Sc and Pb+Pb reactions measured by the NA61/SHINE. In particular, the results include charged kaons and pions spectra and higher-order moments of multiplicity and net charge distributions. The presented data are compared with the predictions of different theoretical models as well as the results from other experiments. Finally, the motivation and plans for future NA61/SHINE measurements are discussed.
A comparison of spectral reconstruction methods applied to non-zero temperature NRQCD meson correlation functions
Authors: Spriggs Thomas , Aarts Gert , Allton Chris , Burns Timothy , Horohan D’Arcy Rachel , Jäger Benjamin , Kim Seyong , Lombardo Maria-Paola , Offler Sam , Page Ben , Ryan Sinead M. , Skullerud Jon-Ivar
Published: January 2022

We present results from the fastsum collaboration’s programme to determine the spectrum of the bottomonium system as a function of temperature. Three different methods of extracting spectral information are discussed: a Maximum Likelihood approach using a Gaussian spectral function for the ground state, the Backus Gilbert method, and the Kernel Ridge Regression machine learning procedure. We employ the fastsum anisotropic lattices with 2+1 dynamical quark flavours, with temperatures ranging from 47 to 375 MeV.
Short-distance constraints for HLbL in muon g-2
Authors: Bijnens Johan , Hermansson-Truedsson Nils , Rodríguez-Sánchez Antonio
Published: January 2022

Model-independent short-distance constraints allow for a reduction of theoretical uncertainties associated to the analytic evaluation of Hadronic Light-by-Light contributions to the muon g-2. In this talk we focus on the region where the three loop virtualities are large. Even when the fourth photon leg is soft, we show how a precise Operator Product Expansion can be applied in that region. The leading contribution is found to be given by the quark loop, while the evaluation of both gluonic and power corrections show how the expansion is well behaved at relatively low energies, where significant contributions to the muon g-2 remain. Numerical values for them are also presented.
Physics of warped dimensions and continuous spectra
Authors: Megías Eugenio , Pérez-Victoria Manuel , Quirós Mariano
Published: January 2022

We study some features of a warped five-dimensional model that solves the hierarchy problem and exhibits a continuum of Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes with a mass gap at the TeV scale. We compute the propagators and spectral functions for massless bulk gauge bosons, and study how the continuum can be reached as the limit of a set of models with discrete spectrum. Finally, we study the low energy effective theory and provide explicit results for the Wilson coefficients.
Inhomogeneous pion condensed phase hosting topologically stable baryons
Authors: Mannarelli Massimo , Canfora Fabrizio , Carignano Stefano , Lagos Marcela , Vera Aldo
Published: January 2022

We discuss the inhomogeneous pion condensed phase within the framework of chiral perturbation theory. We show how the general expression of the condensate can be obtained solving three coupled differential equations, expressing how the pion fields are modulated in space. Upon using some simplifying assumptions, we determine an analytic solution in (3+1)-dimensions. The obtained inhomogeneous condensate is characterized by a non-vanishing topological charge, which can be identified with the baryonic number. In this way, we obtain an inhomogeneous system of pions hosting an arbitrary number of baryons at fixed position in space.
Confining density functional approach for color superconducting quark matter and mesonic correlations
Authors: Ivanytskyi Oleksii , Blaschke David , Maslov Konstantin
Published: January 2022

We present a novel relativistic density-functional approach to modeling quark matter with a mechanism to mimic confinement. The quasiparticle treatment of quarks provides their suppression due to large quark selfenergy already at the mean-field level. We demonstrate that our approach is equivalent to a chiral quark model with medium-dependent couplings. The dynamical restoration of the chiral symmetry is ensured by construction of the density functional. Beyond the mean field, quark correlations in the pseudoscalar channel are described within the Gaussian approximation. This explicitly introduces pionic states into the model. Their contribution to the thermodynamic potential is analyzed within the Beth–Uhlenbeck framework. The modification of the meson mass spectrum in the vicinity of thee (de)confinement transition is interpreted as the Mott transition. Supplemented with the vector repulsion and diquark pairing the model is applied to construct a hybrid quark-hadron EoS of cold compact-star matter. We study the connection of such a hybrid EoS with the stellar mass-radius relation and tidal deformability. The model results are compared to various observational constraints including the NICER radius measurement of PSR J0740+6620 and the tidal deformability constraint from GW170817. The model is shown to be consistent with the constraints, still allowing for further improvement by adjusting the vector repulsion and diquark pairing couplings.
Compositeness above the electroweak scale and a proposed test at LHCb
Authors: Ferretti Gabriele
Published: January 2022

I review attempts to construct models of partial compositeness from strongly coupled gauge theories. A few minimal assumptions allow one to isolate a small number of representative models. After presenting the main idea, I discuss a recent proposal to detect a light pseudo-scalar, predicted in all these models, at the LHCb detector.
Equivariance and generalization in neural networks
Authors: Bulusu Srinath , Favoni Matteo , Ipp Andreas , Müller David I. , Schuh Daniel
Published: January 2022

The crucial role played by the underlying symmetries of high energy physics and lattice field theories calls for the implementation of such symmetries in the neural network architectures that are applied to the physical system under consideration. In these proceedings, we focus on the consequences of incorporating translational equivariance among the network properties, particularly in terms of performance and generalization. The benefits of equivariant networks are exemplified by studying a complex scalar field theory, on which various regression and classification tasks are examined. For a meaningful comparison, promising equivariant and non-equivariant architectures are identified by means of a systematic search. The results indicate that in most of the tasks our best equivariant architectures can perform and generalize significantly better than their non-equivariant counterparts, which applies not only to physical parameters beyond those represented in the training set, but also to different lattice sizes.
Hadrons as QCD Bound States
Authors: Hoyer Paul
Published: January 2022

Bound state perturbation theory is well established for QED atoms. Today the hyperfine splitting of Positronium is known to𝒪(α7logα). Whereas standard expansions of scattering amplitudes start from free states, bound states are expanded around eigenstates of the Hamiltonian including a binding potential. The eigenstate wave functions have all powers ofα, requiring a choice in the ordering of the perturbative expansion. Temporal (A0= 0) gauge permits an expansion starting from valence Fock states, bound by their instantaneous gauge field. This formulation is applicable in any frame and seems promising even for hadrons in QCD. The𝒪(αs0) confining potential is determined (up to a universal scale) by a homogeneous solution of Gauss’ law.
Quantum Anomalies (in) Matter
Authors: Landsteiner Karl
Published: January 2022

Over the last decade it has bee realized that triangle anomalies give rise to dissipationless transport phenomena in hot and dense relativistic matter. I will review anomalous transport theory and then discuss its applications to the quark gluon plasma and the electronics of Weyl semimetals. Finally I briefly discuss the absence of genuine chiral torsional transport.
Confinement and Pseudoscalar Glueball Spectrum in the 2 + 1D QCD-Like Theory from the Non-Susy D2 Brane
Authors: Chakraborty Adrita
Published: January 2022

We study two important properties of 2+1D QCD, namely confinement and Pseudoscalar glueball spectrum, using holographic approach. The confined state of the bounded quark-antiquark pair occurs in the self-coupling dominated nonperturbative regime, where the free gluons form the bound states, known as glueballs. The gauge theory corresponding to low energy decoupled geometry of isotropic non-supersymmetric D2 brane, which is again similar to the 2+1D YM theory, has been taken into account but in this case the coupling constant is found to vary with the energy scale. At BPS limit, this theory reduces to supersymmetric YM theory. We have considered NG action of a test string and calculate the potential of such confined state located on the boundary. The QCD flux tube tension for large quark-antiquark separation is observed to be a monotonically increasing function of running coupling. The mass spectrum of Pseudoscalar glueball is evaluated numerically from the fluctuations of the axion in the gravity theory using WKB approximation. This produces the mass to be related to the string tension and the levels of the first three energy states. The various results that we obtained quite match with those previously studied through the lattice approach.
Vortices in 𝒫𝒯-symmetric non-Hermitian superfluid
Authors: Begun Alexander , Chernodub Maxim , Molochkov Alexander
Published: January 2022

We discuss the properties of the non-Hermitian 𝒫𝒯-symmetric two–scalar fields model. We investigate stability areas of this system and properties of vortices that emerge in the system of two interacting scalar fields. The phase diagram of the model contains stable and unstable regions depending on 𝒫𝒯-symmetry breaking, which intercross the regions of U(1)-symmetric and U(1)-broken phases in a nontrivial way. At non-zero quartic couplings, the non-Hermitian model possesses classical vortex solutions in the 𝒫𝒯-symmetric regions. We also consider a close Hermitian analog of the theory and compare the results with the non-Hermitian model.
Far from equilibrium Chiral Magnetic Effect in Strong Magnetic Fields from Holography
Authors: Grieninger Sebastian , Morales-Tejera Sergio
Published: January 2022

We study the real time evolution of the chiral magnetic effect out-ofequilibrium in strongly coupled anomalous field theories. We match the parameters of our model to QCD parameters and draw lessons of possible relevance for the realization of the chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions. In particular, we find an equilibration time of about ~ 0:35 fm/c in presence of the chiral anomaly for plasma temperatures of orderT~ 300 - 400 MeV.
Developing the model for cross-sectoral cooperation for promoting health and wellbeing
Authors: Vroblevska Elina , Gobina Inese , Springe Lauma , Bukova-Zideluna Aija , Linina Indra , Villerusa Anita
Published: January 2022

In the rapidly progressing world where different sectors become more interconnected, cross-sectoral cooperation in health promotion lacks a specific set of instruments, navigating partners through the cooperation process in project implementation. Cross-sectoral cooperation is an everyday practice in business and has become an integral part of promoting health and wellbeing comprehensively and sustainably. In this paper, we propose a developed Model for cross-sectoral cooperation, which has been designed within the Interreg Baltic Sea Region project “Urban Labs for Better Health for All in the Baltic Sea Region” (Healthy Boost), aiming to boost cross-sectoral cooperation for health and wellbeing in cities and municipalities. The Model is developed based on literature research and self-assessment of cross-sectoral cooperation for health promotion in Healthy Boost partner cities and municipalities in Latvia, Poland, Russia, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Sweden. Composed of five major domains (risk identification, leadership, coordination, communication, and motivation) and four stages of cooperation (mapping, planning, implementation, and assessment), it provides a checklist of helpful questions for identifying solutions effectively and systematically. The Model can be used both as a navigational tool and as an “emergency” tool to manage cross-sectoral cooperation challenges successfully.
Provision of community pharmacy services during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia – experiences and future implications
Authors: Sepp Kristiina , Lubi Kadi , Rass Hedvig , Volmer Daisy
Published: January 2022

The spread of COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 had significant impact on the functioning of the existing healthcare system and required fast adaption to new circumstances for continuing with daily practices. Community pharmacists shared responsibility of ensuring supply of medicines and medical devices, educating people on health related issues, providing pharmaceutical care etc. The aim of this study was to understand how the provision of community pharmacy services changed during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in spring of 2020 in Estonia. Qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Recorded interviews with community pharmacists (n = 21) and experts (n =10) were transcribed verbatim and a systematic text condensation method for textual content analysis was performed. The findings indicated that a number of changes took place in provision of community pharmacy services to assure continuity in providing high-quality pharmacy services in crisis, including addressing difficulties in the supply of medicines; at the same time, to acquire new knowledge for counselling health related topics and personal protective equipment, and to provide psychological support to people in stress. Pandemic had an impact on the content and structure of traditional community pharmacy services in Estonia. The need for expanded professional role of pharmacists was clearly expressed in an emergency situation.
Organizational culture in social services – focused on the workers’ well-being
Authors: Chlebanova Lenka , Rusnakova Marketa
Published: January 2022

Objectives: In the field of social services, the organizational culture today is defined mainly through professional values, for individual social service providers by vision, mission, goal, or organizational values. In the context of increasing the quality of services and culture supporting the clients’ wellbeing, the workers’ well-being is an important subject of interest. The aim of the research is to find out the current state of the documents defining the organizational culture of social services. Materials and Methods: Review and theoretical analysis of the literature on the topic. Qualitative content analysis of documents. Documents defining the organizational culture of social service providers in Slovakia were analysed. The documents on the provider’s web page encompassing vision, mission, goals, and values were found. Results: From the documents, it was found out that support to employees is still neglected. At the practical level, the support to employees was expressed as the support of education, supervision of employees, a social fund for cultural or sports activities, rewarding of employees. Employee s’ satisfaction or a committed approach towards employees were expressed rarely. Conclusions: The provision of social services today faces many demands and dilemmas that “social work services„ bring with them. Incorporating support for employee’s well-being into the organizational culture of social services can be an essential step towards better client care and higher quality services.
The goal of psychological intervention and performed functions of psychologists as an aspect of the professional identity of psychologists: Latvian sample
Authors: Akmane Elina , Martinsone Kristine , Krieke Zane , Ricou Miguel , Marina Silvia
Published: January 2022

Professional identity is formed by combination of several aspects, including professional practice, which for psychologists relates to psychological intervention and performed functions. The exclusive goal of psychological intervention and exclusively performed functions of psychologists are an important research subjects because more and more practicing professionals are performing activities linked to psychological intervention. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the exclusive goal of psychological intervention and exclusively performed functions of Latvian psychologists. Data was collected through an online survey developed in the framework of the international project “The Identity of Psychology” [1]. Three open-answer questions were used. Sample consisted of 54 Latvian psychologists of which 91% were women (n = 49) and 9 % were men (n = 5) aged from 25 to 60 years (M = 44.94; SD = 8.98). Data was analysed using thematic categorical content analysis. Findings indicate clear diversity in the opinion about the professional practice among Latvian psychologists. The results of this study indicate limited agreement and comprehension of Latvian psychologists about their professional practice which leads to necessity for further research to investigate the causes of such outcome to determine solutions on how to strengthen their professional practice and, more broadly, professional identity.
Non-formal adult education coordinators as developers of educational activities and community interaction
Authors: Zemaitaityte Irena , Petrauskiene Alina
Published: January 2022

The growing importance of communities and community interaction is witnessed by the growing interest in these areas: in the emphasis on community development and in the need to bring educational and social services closer to local communities, both at the level of the European Union and at the political level of each of its member countries. Analyzing the community interactions active involvement in community functions, concern and trust in its people, and a look into the future are emphasized. The choice of the research methodology was determined by the aim of the research – to reveal the functions of non-formal learning coordinators of adult learning in municipalities as those of the developers of learning and community developers through their work experience. The analysis of the data highlighted the role of coordinators as community activators and community developers, bringing together adult learning groups, involving young people, gymnasium students, and volunteers in the implementation of training, through local non-formal education providers.
Laterale Schenkelhalsstressfraktur eines 29-jährigen Marathonläufers – eine seltene und risikobehaftete Überlastungsfraktur des Sportlers
Authors: Gerstmeyer Julius Robert , Godolias Periklis , Mempel Eileen , Bernstorff Maria , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Königshausen Matthias
Published: January 2022

Ein 29-jähriger Leistungssportler beklagte während der Wettkampfvorbereitung seit einer Woche einen dumpfen Hüftschmerz. Während des Wettkampfmarathons musste der Sportler schlussendlich nach 29 Kilometern aufgrund anhaltender Schmerzen den Wettkampf abbrechen. In der anschließenden unmittelbar durchgeführten Diagnostik zeigte sich eine mäßig verschobene laterale Schenkelhalsfraktur. Die Fraktur wurde notfallmäßig operativ mittels dynamischer Hüftschraube versorgt. Wenige Tage später konnte der Patient bei reizlosen Wundverhältnissen die Klinik verlassen. Nach Abschluss der Behandlung konnte er ohne Beeinträchtigungen zum regelmäßigen Training zurückkehren. Zu weiteren Komplikationen kam es nicht. Bei Schmerzen im Bereich der Leiste bzw. lateralen Hüftregion während lang anhaltender läuferischer Belastung muss als Differenzialdiagnose, auch im jungen Alter, eine äußerst seltene Stressfraktur des Schenkelhalses in Betracht gezogen werden. Eine verspätete Diagnostik und Therapie können das Ergebnis nicht nur deutlich verschlechtern, sondern auch das Hüftgelenk insgesamt gefährden.
Insight into Noninvasive Radiological Modalities to Detect Heart Transplant Rejection
Authors: Sharma Dhruva , Subramaniam Ganapathy , Sharma Neha , Sharma Preksha , Sharma Pooja
Published: January 2022

Purpose Patients with end-stage heart failure who remain symptomatic even with exemplary medical and device therapy are treated with heart transplantation. Multitudes of endeavor have been contrived during the last decennium in the field of noninvasive tests to rule out heart transplant rejection (HTR). In spite of having supportive literature, noninvasive imaging techniques lack acceptable documentation of clinical robustness, and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) still remains the gold standard. The aim of this review is to shed light on the existing noninvasive radiological modalities to detect rejection among heart transplant recipients.

Methods A comprehensive search was conducted for this review article on the basis of literature available including scientific databases of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, using keywords of “Heart transplantation,” “Acute allograft rejection,” “Arrhythmias,” “Echocardiography,” “Speckle tracking echocardiography,” and “Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging” from inception until September 2020.

Results After preliminary screening of the databases, details regarding existent noninvasive radiological modalities to detect HTR were gathered and compiled in this review article. Currently, deformation imaging using speckle tracking and T2 time using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can serve as screening tools based on which further invasive investigations can be planned. Standardization of blood-based and imaging modalities as screening and possible diagnostic tools for rejection would have obvious clinical and financial benefits in the care of growing number of post heart transplant recipients in our country.

Conclusion Diagnosis of allograft rejection in heart transplant recipients through noninvasive techniques is demanding. To unravel the potential of noninvasive radiological modalities that can serve as a standard-of-care test, a prospective multicentric study randomizing noninvasive modality as first strategy versus current EMB-based gold standard of care is the need of the hour.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Perinatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Reddy Ravikanth
Published: January 2022

Background Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most commonly diagnosed neurological abnormality affecting children leading to severe neurological deficits and a cause of neonatal mortality. HIE constitutes a diagnostic challenge in the prematurely born and full-term neonates. HIE causes severe neurological deficit in children and many a times goes unnoticed in early stages. The various patterns of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in HIE are dependent on factors, such as severity and duration of hypoxia, and brain maturity in preterm and full-term patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has prognostic significance in detecting patterns of HIE secondary to mild-to-moderate and severe hypoxias and the imaging findings are highly dependent on the time at which imaging is done. MRI helps determine the prognosis of brain development in patients with HIE.

Objective This retrospective study elucidates the spectrum of MRI findings in preterm and full-term patients with HIE on MRI.

Materials and Methods This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care center between April 2017 and May 2019 on 50 patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIE using a General Electric (GE) 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Various patterns of HIE were evaluated on MRI in preterm and full-term patients.

Results This retrospective study evaluated MRI findings in 50 infants diagnosed with HIE. Eighteen (36%) were preterm and 32 (64%) were full-term patients. Thirty-five (70%) were male and 15 (30%) were female patients. In the current study, developmental delay was the most commonly associated clinical entity in both preterm and full-term patients. In preterm patients, periventricular leukomalacia was the most prevalent MRI finding, and in full-term patients, subcortical and periventricular white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences were most commonly encountered.

Conclusion MRI is the primary imaging modality of choice in preterm and full-term patients with HIE, as it helps determine the severity of hypoxic–ischemic injury by understanding the pattern of brain involvement. In the current study, distinguishable patterns of MRI findings secondary to birth asphyxia and ischemic insult were elucidated in both preterm and full-term patients who are highly dependent on the level of brain maturity at the time of imaging. Regular MRI follow-up has a prognostic significance in HIE with accurate prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome on follow-up studies.
The transition to synchronization on branching hierarchical lattices
Authors: Roy Anupama , Gupte Neelima
Published: January 2022

We study the transition to synchronization on hierarchical lattices using the evolution of Chaté–Manneville maps placed on a triangular lattice. Connections are generated between the levels of the triangular lattice, assuming that each site is connected to its neighbors on the level below with probability half. The maps are diffusively coupled, and the map parameters increase hierarchically, depending on the map parameters at the sites they are coupled to in the previous level. The system shows a transition to synchronization, which is second order in nature, with associated critical exponents. However, the V-lattice, which is a special realization of this lattice, shows a transition to synchronization that is discontinuous with accompanying hysteretic behavior. This transition can thus be said to belong to the class of explosive synchronization with the explosive nature depending on the nature of the substrate. We carry out finite-size–finite-time scaling for the continuous transition and analyze the scaling of the jump size for the discontinuous case. We discuss the implications of our results and draw parallels with avalanche statistics on branching hierarchical lattices.
A modified Ricker map and its bursting oscillations
Authors: Mazariego Marcelo A. , Peacock-López Enrique
Published: January 2022

In our search to understand complex oscillation in discrete dynamic systems, we modify the Ricker map, where one parameter is also a dynamic variable. Using the bistable behavior of the fixed point solution, we analyze two response functions that characterize the change of the dynamic parameter. The 2D map sustains different types of burst oscillations that depend on the response functions. In either case, the parameter values yield a slow dynamic variable required to observe bursting-type oscillations.
Impact of algal biodiesel and its diesel blends on performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine
Authors: Kale Bhojraj N. , Patle S. D. , Kalambe S. R.
Published: January 2022

The current situation demands for the production of a more efficient diesel engine fuel replacement due to the increased fuel consumption, diesel fuel exhaustion, and, eventually, social and economic repercussions. Extensive to the point research has been done where it is still looking at prospective alternatives for diesel. In this scenario, the internal combustion engine's performance is a critical point to guarantee an effective and efficient alternative fuel. In this paper, a bibliographic review of the most widely debated engine operating characteristics, such as fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and brake power, has been carried out. Furthermore, this study investigates a state-of-the-art comparison of the compression ignition engine characteristics utilizing algae biodiesel as fuel. This work has demonstrated the application of a great deal of information to assess and explain the many types of fuels and engines. Following a thorough analysis, it was revealed that the brake power has increased by 1% to 20%, the brake specific fuel consumption has increased by 0.9% to 13.90%, and the thermal efficiency has decreased by 1% to 27.65%. As a result, algae and its blend characteristics are shown to be compatible with diesel. Because algal biodiesel and its blends have performance and emission properties that are very similar to diesel, they can be utilized as diesel engine fuel without modification. Physicochemical characteristics and the impact of algae biodiesel blends on compression ignition engine performance and emissions could be investigated in addition to blend preparation.
Existence of multiple noise-induced transitions in Lasota–Mackey maps
Authors: Chihara Takumi , Sato Yuzuru , Nisoli Isaia , Galatolo Stefano
Published: January 2022

We prove the existence of multiple noise-induced transitions in the Lasota–Mackey map, which is a class of one-dimensional random dynamical system with additive noise. The result is achieved with the help of rigorous computer assisted estimates. We first approximate the stationary distribution of the random dynamical system and then compute certified error intervals for the Lyapunov exponent. We find that the sign of the Lyapunov exponent changes at least three times when increasing the noise amplitude. We also show numerical evidence that the standard non-rigorous numerical approximation by finite-time Lyapunov exponent is valid with our model for a sufficiently large number of iterations. Our method is expected to work for a broad class of nonlinear stochastic phenomena.
Monte Carlo simulation of particle size separation in evaporating bi-dispersed colloidal droplets on hydrophilic substrates
Authors: Zolotarev Pavel A. , Kolegov Konstantin S.
Published: January 2022

Colloidal droplets are used in a variety of practical applications. Some of these applications require particles of different sizes. These include medical diagnostic methods, the creation of photonic crystals, the formation of supraparticles, and the production of membranes for biotechnology. A series of earlier experiments had shown the possibility of particle separation near the contact line, depending upon their size. A mathematical model has been developed to describe this process. Bi-dispersed colloidal droplets evaporating on a hydrophilic substrate are taken into consideration. A particle monolayer is formed near the periphery of such droplets due to the small value of the contact angle. The shape of the resulting deposit is associated with the coffee ring effect. The model takes into account both particle diffusion and transfers caused by capillary flow due to liquid evaporation. Monte Carlo simulations of such particle dynamics have been performed at several values of the particle concentration in the colloidal solution. The numerical results agree with the experimental observations, in which small particles accumulate nearer to the contact line than do the large particles. However, the particles do not actually reach the contact line but accumulate at a small distance from it. The reason for this is the surface tension acting on the particles in areas, where the thickness of the liquid layer is comparable to the particle size. Indeed, the same mechanism affects the observed separation of the small and large particles.
Particle orbiting motion and deviations from streamlines in a microvortex
Authors: Shen Feng , Ai Mingzhu , Li Zonghe , Xue Sen , Xu Min , Liu Zhaomiao
Published: January 2022

Particle orbiting motion in a confined microvortex is a fascinating phenomenon of fluid mechanics. In this Letter, we quantitatively measured the motion of a neutrally buoyant spherical particle with finite size, which recirculates along a ring-shaped orbit periodically in a microvortex at the Reynolds number of 303. The particle dynamics have been characterized along the orbit, which can be divided into accelerating, swerving, and following phases. By comparing the relationship between the particle and streamlines, the deviations of their trajectories and velocities have been revealed. The results could provide a deep insight into the physics of particle dynamics and particle–fluid interactions.
Quantifying the spatiotemporal evolution of the turbulent horseshoe vortex in front of a vertical cylinder
Authors: Qi Wen-Gang , Liu Jun , Gao Fu-Ping , Li Biao , Chen Qi-Gang
Published: January 2022

The spatiotemporal evolution of the turbulent horseshoe vortex (THV) in front of a cylinder vertically mounted on a hydraulically smooth flat-bed was physically modeled in a large water flume. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) system with upward-illumination was, in particular, employed for the junction flow visualization. The examined Reynolds number was varied from 1.28 × 104 to 1.08 × 105, which is above the threshold of turbulent transition for a junction flow. Based on the PIV measurements, the characteristic features were presented for both the time-averaged and the instantaneous flow fields in a sheet flow at the upstream wall-cylinder junction. Statistical analyses on the experimental data are performed to characterize the spatial-temporal evolution of THV strength. The normalized THV strength in the time-averaged flow field increases first and then approaches a constant value with increasing the ratio of cylinder diameter to water depth. Two alternating patterns, i.e., the regular oscillation and the random wandering, are identified for the quasi-periodic oscillating behaviors of the instantaneous THV. It is found that the cumulative distribution curves for the normalized instantaneous THV strength can be described by the Weibul distribution. The present results provide a physical insight and quantitative characterization for the spatiotemporal evolution of THV, which is critical for predicting the associated wall shear stresses.
Electrohydrodynamic effects on bubble dynamics during nucleate pool boiling under the leaky dielectric assumption
Authors: Yao Jing-Da , Luo Kang , Wu Jian , Yi Hong-Liang
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a numerical investigation of bubble dynamics during nucleate pool boiling is conducted using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Unlike the perfectly dielectric fluid assumption used in most previous studies, the leaky-dielectric model (LDM) used in this work allows free charges to accumulate at the gas-liquid interface and more closely models the real physical situation. The fully coupled equations are solved by combining the pseudopotential LBM with the phase-change model and the LDM. The numerical model is validated using four fundamental cases and the results agree well with benchmark data. Then, the influences of the deformation mode; electric field strength; and conductivity and permittivity ratios (R, S) are investigated. The electric field can deform the bubble into both prolate and oblate shapes, leading to acceleration and deceleration, respectively, of bubble departure from the hot surface. An optimum combination of (R, S) is identified that produces the best acceleration effect for bubble departure.
Simulating the dynamics of electronic observables via reduced-dimensionality generalized quantum master equations
Authors: Mulvihill Ellen , Geva Eitan
Published: January 2022

We describe a general-purpose framework for formulating the dynamics of any subset of electronic reduced density matrix elements in terms of a formally exact generalized quantum master equation (GQME). Within this framework, the effect of coupling to the nuclear degrees of freedom, as well as to any projected-out electronic reduced density matrix elements, is captured by a memory kernel and an inhomogeneous term, whose dimensionalities are dictated by the number of electronic reduced density matrix elements included in the subset of interest. We show that the memory kernel and inhomogeneous term within such GQMEs can be calculated from projection-free inputs of the same dimensionality, which can be cast in terms of the corresponding subsets of overall system two-time correlation functions. The applicability and feasibility of such reduced-dimensionality GQMEs is demonstrated on the two-state spin-boson benchmark model. To this end, we compare and contrast the following four types of GQMEs: (1) a full density matrix GQME, (2) a single-population scalar GQME, (3) a populations-only GQME, and (4) a subset GQME for any combination of populations and coherences. Using a method based on the mapping Hamiltonian approach and linearized semiclassical approximation to calculate the projection-free inputs, we find that while single-population GQMEs and subset GQMEs containing only one population are less accurate, they can still produce reasonable results and that the accuracy of the results obtained via the populations-only GQME and a subset GQME containing both populations is comparable to that obtained via the full density matrix GQMEs.
Microdroplets can act as electrochemical cells
Authors: Chamberlayne Christian F. , Zare Richard N.
Published: January 2022

A water microdroplet in air or oil typically possesses an electric double layer (EDL) from the preferential adsorption of surface-bound ions at the periphery. We present the calculations of the ion gradients within a microdroplet at equilibrium, including systems containing buffers and water autoionization. These ion gradients are used to calculate the potential energy stored within the microdroplet. We consider how this stored potential energy can be utilized to drive chemical reactions, much like an electrochemical cell. Effective voltages as high as 111 mV are found for microdroplets having a low surface charge density (0.01 ions per nm2). Two sources of potential energy are investigated: (1) the electrostatic energy of the EDL of the microdroplet and (2) shifts in other chemical equilibria coupled to the main reaction through the EDL. A particularly important example of the latter is water autoionization, wherein the reaction of interest causes a flattening of the [H+] gradient within the EDL, resulting in a net recombination of H+ and OH− throughout the microdroplet. Numerical calculations are performed using a continuum model consisting of a balance between the electromigration and diffusion of ions throughout the microdroplet. Our treatment accounts for the autoionization of water and any chemical equilibrium of buffers present. The results are presented for uncharged water microdroplets with low amounts of salts and simple buffers in them. However, the calculational method presented here can be applied to microdroplets of any net charge, composed of any solvent, containing ions of any valence, and containing complex mixtures of chemical equilibria.