bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of ecospace occupancy by Mesozoic marine tetrapods
Authors: Reeves Jane C. , Moon Benjamin C. , Benton Michael J. , Stubbs Thomas L.
Published: September 2020

Ecology and morphology are different, and yet in comparative studies of fossil vertebrates the two are often conflated. The macroevolution of Mesozoic marine tetrapods has been explored in terms of morphological disparity, but less commonly using ecological‐functional categories. Here we use ecospace modelling to quantify ecological disparity across all Mesozoic marine tetrapods. We document the explosive radiation of marine tetrapod groups in the Triassic and their rapid attainment of high ecological disparity. Late Triassic extinctions led to a marked decline in ecological disparity, and the recovery of ecospace and ecological disparity was sluggish in the Early Jurassic. High levels of ecological disparity were again achieved by the Late Jurassic and maintained during the Cretaceous, when the ecospace became saturated by the Late Cretaceous. Sauropterygians, turtles and ichthyosauromorphs were the largest contributors to ecological disparity. Throughout the Mesozoic, we find that established groups remained ecologically conservative and did not explore occupied or vacant niches. Several parts of the ecospace remained vacant for long spans of time. Newly evolved, radiating taxa almost exclusively explored unoccupied ecospace, suggesting that abiotic releases are needed to empty niches and initiate diversification. In the balance of evolutionary drivers in Mesozoic marine tetrapods, abiotic factors were key to initiating diversification events, but biotic factors dominated the subsequent generation of ecological diversity.
Orbital extramedullary leukemia relapse in a pediatric patient post‐CART cell therapy—Case report
Authors: Essa Mohammed F. , Alsultan Abdulrahman
Published: September 2020

CART therapy is an approved therapy in advanced ALL. The mechanism of relapse post‐CART therapy is under vigorous research. We report a 9‐year‐old boy who received CD19‐CART therapy after BM ALL relapse post‐HSCT. He presented with unilateral eye swelling which was initially managed as orbital cellulitis. Later on, it was proven to be an isolated ALL orbital relapse without peripheral blood B‐cell detection or BM involvement. Despite radiotherapy, he subsequently developed refractory CD19 positive ALL BM relapse. This case highlights the possibility of unusual relapse sites after CART‐therapy and that regular peripheral B‐cell monitoring is not enough to assure remission status. Better monitoring tools are needed to detect early disease relapse. Further understanding of the pathophysiology of isolated extramedullary relapse post‐CART therapy is warranted to improve the management of such challenging presentations.
Widespread distribution of resistance to triazole fungicides in Brazilian populations of the wheat blast pathogen
Authors: Poloni Nadia Maria , Carvalho Giselle , Nunes Campos Vicentini Samara , Francis Dorigan Adriano , Nunes Maciel João Leodato , McDonald Bruce A. , Intra Moreira Silvino , Hawkins Nichola , Fraaije Bart A. , Kelly Diane E. , Kelly Steven L. , Ceresini Paulo C.
Published: September 2020

Fungicides have not been effective in controlling the wheat blast disease in Brazil. An earlier analysis of 179 isolates of Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl) sampled from wheat fields across six populations in central‐southern Brazil during 2012 discovered a high level of resistance to strobilurin fungicides. Here we analysed azole resistance in the same strains based on EC50 measurements for tebuconazole and epoxiconazole. All six Brazilian populations of PoTl exhibited high resistance to both azoles, with in vitro EC50 values that were at least 35 to 50 times higher than the recommended field doses. We sequenced the CYP51A and CYP51B genes to determine if they were likely to play a role in the observed azole resistance. Although we found five distinct haplotypes in PoTl carrying four nonsynonymous substitutions in CYP51A, none of these substitutions were correlated with elevated EC50. CYP51B was sequenced for nine PoTl isolates, three each representing low, medium, and high tebuconazole EC50. Both PoTl CYP51A and CYP51B could complement yeast CYP51 function. All PoTl CYP51A‐expressing yeast transformants were less sensitive to triazoles than the PoTl CYP51B ones. Transformants expressing PoTl CYP51A haplotype H1 carrying the R158K substitution were not more resistant than those expressing PoTl CYP51A haplotype H5, which is synonymous to haplotype H6, found in triazole‐sensitive P. oryzae Oryza isolates from rice blast. Therefore, the reduced triazole sensitivity of wheat blast isolates compared to rice blast isolates appears to be associated with a non‐target‐site related resistance mechanism acquired after higher exposure to triazoles.
Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture
Authors: Hvas Malthe , Folkedal Ole , Oppedal Frode
Published: September 2020

To accommodate further growth in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry, new production sites may well be established at more exposed locations along the coast or even offshore. Here, fish will encounter strong currents and powerful waves, which are avoided at traditional sheltered locations. Exposed locations offer several advantages and necessitate new technological advancements. However, the most crucial question is whether Atlantic salmon are able to thrive in these more extreme environments. In this review, we describe how strong water currents affect the physiology, behaviour and ultimately the welfare of the fish. If ambient current speeds exceed swimming capacities, fish become fatigued and get stuck on the cage wall leading to unacceptable welfare. The swimming capacity will depend on both the magnitude and duration of the current speeds encountered. Moreover, several environmental and biological factors modulate swimming capabilities, where temperature, body size and health status are particularly important to consider. A series of empirical studies are subsequently used to formulate welfare guidelines with regard to biological limits in exposed aquaculture. In addition, owing to the growing popularity of cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture, we also evaluate their usefulness at exposed sites. Overall, Atlantic salmon is a powerful sustained swimmer, and based on available site surveys of ocean currents, we conclude that the prospects for responsible farming at exposed sites looks promising. However, cleaner fish species such as lumpfish and ballan wrasse are poor swimmers and are therefore not recommended for deployment at exposed sites.
Lessons from the graduates of one‐year theological programs in the Australian College of Theology
Authors: Hussey Ian , Bain Andrew M.
Published: September 2020

The uptake in one‐year theological programs by students in the Australian College of Theology (ACT) has heightened interest in the question of whether these short qualifications meet the expectations of students and equip them for their ministry, whether that be in their local church, parachurch organizations or other vocations. This article reports on a survey of graduated students from one‐year ACT programs. The research explored how well the qualification met the expectations of students. The survey also asked students to indicate how well the short course contributed to the growth of the ACT graduate attributes within themselves. The research concludes that the one‐year qualifications are “fit for purpose” especially in deepening the graduate's relationship with God and knowledge of the Bible. However, the research also indicates that ACT colleges need to consider ways they can enhance the short courses in order to make them more relational and equip students for the practical application of the concepts they have learnt in their course.
Seasonal incidence of respiratory viral infections in Telangana, India: utility of a multiplex PCR assay to bridge the knowledge gap
Authors: Anand Mridu , Nimmala Pavani
Published: September 2020

Objective

The diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a challenge due to overlapping clinical presentations and lack of availability of robust diagnostic methods. This in turn leads to lack of data regarding incidence and seasonality of viral RTIs which could potentially help to implement efficient strategies of antimicrobial stewardship as well as vaccine administration. Here we utilise a commercial Multiplex PCR assay for the early diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections and discuss their epidemiology.

Methods

A prospective, observational study was conducted over a period of 3 years (2017–2019). Respiratory samples received from outpatients and inpatients with suspected acute RTIs from three multispeciality hospitals located in the twin cities of Hyderabad‐Secunderabad were subjected to FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RP) (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA). Results were tabulated and statistically analysed.

Results

Of 513 samples, 261 (50.9%) were positive for one or more pathogens. The viruses detected included influenza A H1 2009 (26.0%), human rhinovirus/enterovirus (21.5%), influenza A H3N2 (17.0%), human metapneumovirus (9.4%), influenza B (6.6%), coronavirus (4.9%), parainfluenza virus (4.5%), respiratory syncytial virus (3.1%) and adenovirus (2.1%). The largest number of samples was positive during the monsoon season (43.8%). Influenza A H1 2009 peaked in the monsoon season with another, smaller peak in February.

Conclusions

There is a bimodal peak of respiratory infections relative to the seasons, and vaccine administration should take place in April–May before the advent of the monsoons in this part of the country. Multiplexed PCR may be used as first line for diagnosis of viral infections so that infection control measures can be prioritised and antibiotic administration can be avoided in those who do not require it.
Two ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase subunits, OsAGPL1 and OsAGPS1, modulate phosphorus homeostasis in rice
Authors: Meng Qi , Zhang Wenqi , Hu Xu , Shi Xinyu , Chen Lingling , Dai Xiaoli , Qu Hongye , Xia Yuwei , Liu Wei , Gu Mian , Xu Guohua
Published: September 2020

Plant acclimatory responses to phosphate (Pi) starvation stress include the accumulation of carbohydrates, namely sugar and starch. However, whether altered endogenous carbohydrate profile could in turn affect plant Pi starvation responses remains widely unexplored. Here, two genes encoding the large and small subunits of an ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) in rice (Oryza sativa), AGP Large Subunit 1 (AGPL1) and AGP Small Subunit 1 (AGPS1), were functionally characterized with regard to maintenance of phosphorus (P) homeostasis and regulation of Pi starvation signaling. AGPL1 and AGPS1 were both positively responsive to nitrogen (N) or Pi deprivation, and expressed in almost all the tissues except in the meristem and mature zones of root. AGPL1 and AGPS1 physically interacted in chloroplast, and catalyzed the rate‐limiting step of starch biosynthesis. Low‐N‐ (LN) and low‐Pi (LP)‐triggered starch accumulation in leaves was impaired in agpl1, agps1 and apgl1 agps1 mutants compared with the wild‐type plants. By contrast, mutation of AGPL1 and/or AGPS1 led to an increase in the content of the major sugar, sucrose, in leaf sheath and root under control and LN conditions. Moreover, the Pi accumulation was enhanced in the mutants under control and LN conditions, but not LP conditions. Notably, the LN‐induced suppression of Pi accumulation was compromised attributed to the mutation of AGPL1 and/or AGPS1. Furthermore, the increased Pi accumulation was accompanied by the specific suppression of OsSPX2 and activation of several Pi transporter genes. These results indicate that a balanced level of carbohydrates is vital for maintaining plant P homeostasis.
Re‐introducing whole blood for transfusion: considerations for blood providers
Authors: Hervig Tor A. , Doughty Heidi A. , Cardigan Rebecca A. , Apelseth Torunn O. , Hess John R. , Noorman Femke , Bohoněk Miloš , Yazer Mark H. , Lu Jia , Wendel Silvano , Sparrow Rosemary L. ,   Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative
Published: September 2020

Whole blood is the original blood preparation but disappeared from the blood bank inventories in the 1980s following the advent of component therapy. In the early 2000s, both military and civilian practice called for changes in the transfusion support for massive haemorrhage. The ‘clear fluid’ policy was abandoned and replaced by early balanced transfusion of platelets, plasma and red cells. Whole blood is an attractive alternative to multi‐component therapy, which offers reduced hemodilution, lower donor exposure and simplified logistics. However, the potential for wider re‐introduction of whole blood requires re‐evaluation of haemolysins, storage conditions and shelf‐life, the need for leucocyte depletion/ pathogen reduction and inventory management for blood providers. This review addresses these questions and calls for research to define the optimal whole blood product and the indications for its use.
Registration errors among patients receiving blood transfusions: a national analysis from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Vijenthira Shangari , Armali Chantal , Downie Helen , Wilson Ann , Paton Kathy , Berry Brian , Wu Hong‐Xing , Robitaille Ann , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Callum Jeannie
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

The key first step for a safe blood transfusion is patient registration for identification and linking to past medical and transfusion history. In Canada, any deviation from standard operating procedures in transfusion is an error voluntarily reportable to a national database (Transfusion Error Surveillance System [TESS]). We used this database to characterize the subset of registration‐related errors impacting transfusion care, including where, when and why the errors occurred, and to identify frequent high‐risk errors.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on transfusion errors reported to TESS by sentinel reporting sites relating to patient registration and patient armbands, between 2008 and 2017. Free‐text comments describing the error were coded to further categorize into common error types. The number of specimens received in the transfusion laboratory was used as the denominator for rates to allow for comparison between hospital sites.

Results

Five hundred and fifty‐four registration errors were reported from 10 hospitals, for a global error rate of 5·4/10 000 samples (median 5·0 [interquartile range 3·7–7·0]). The potential severity was high in 85·7% of errors (n = 475). The patient experienced a consequence in 10·8% of errors (n = 60), but none resulted in patient harm. Rates varied widely and differed by nature across sites. Errors most commonly occurred in outpatient clinics or procedure units (n = 160, 28·8%) and in emergency departments (n = 130, 23·5%).

Conclusion

Registration errors affect transfusion at every step and location in the hospital and are commonly high risk. Further research into common root causes is warranted to identify preventative strategies.
Recommendations for standardized plane definition in canine cardiac MRI
Authors: Dennler Matthias , Baron Toaldo Marco , Makara Mariano , Lautenschläger Ines E. , Ribbers Gianna , Wang‐Leandro Adriano , Waschk Maja , Richter Henning , Glaus Tony M.
Published: September 2020

With the growing interest in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), veterinary radiologists will increasingly be asked to use this modality to answer complex cardiological questions. Plane alignment is crucial for reproducible assessment of the heart. Anesthesia time is a limiting factor in cMRI. Aims of this prospective experimental study were to introduce a flow chart for standardized cMRI‐examination in dogs, to test it for reproducibility using a cardiac CT simulation and to estimate time requirements needed to complete the examination accurately. Six operators (3 radiologists, 1 cardiologist, 1 imaging‐resident, 1 technician) simulated a cMRI examination on CT‐scans of 6 healthy Beagle dogs twice within two to four weeks. Assessment included qualitative and quantitative scoring of plane quality and time requirements. The quality of planes was high for the left and moderate for the right side of the heart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of linear measurements of structures on the left was good to excellent (ICC‐range: 0.789‐0.948) but dropped to moderate to poor levels for the right side (ICC‐range: 0.429‐0.738). The median time required to complete a full examination was 30 (range: 13–103) min in the first and 24 (range: 15–62) min in the second evaluation. It differed significantly between operators and was consistently shorter for the left than for the right side. In conclusion, a new standardized scheme for cMRI can be quickly adopted by radiologists with some expertise in cross sectional imaging. Qualitative and quantitative results were highly reproducible for the left but less for the right side.
CT angiography identifies collaterals in dogs with splenic vein obstruction and presumed regional splenic vein hypertension
Authors: Specchi Swan , Bertolini Giovanna
Published: September 2020

Occlusion of the splenic vein, without occlusion of the portal vein, can lead to a localized, regional splenic hypertension, referred as sinistral or left‐sided portal hypertension in the human radiology literature. In people, may cause gastrointestinal hemorrhages from the esophageal and gastric varices and the primary pathology usually includes pancreatitis and pancreatic neoplasms. The final diagnosis of localized splenic hypertension necessitates accompanying normal liver functions and a patent extrahepatic portal vein. Following obstruction, the resultant elevated splenic bed venous pressure causes formation of collateral routes, the extent of which depends upon the level and degree of obstruction. In this retrospective descriptive study, authors assessed the collateral pathways in dogs with isolated splenic vein occlusion and possible regional splenic vein hypertension. Out of the 46 patients initially recruited, 25 were excluded due to the presence of concomitant portal thrombosis and direct/indirect CT signs of portal hypertension. The remaining 21 dogs had clinicopathological tests suggesting normal liver function. The causes of obstruction identified included splenic pedicle torsion, tumoral splenic vein invasion, and splenic vein thrombosis. Four of 21 dogs with isolated splenic vein obstruction showed collateral pathways through the left gastroepiploic vein (4/4), left gastric vein (2/4), and splenogonadal vein (1/4). The diagnosis of isolated, regional splenic hypertension should be based on clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation. Computed tomography is an excellent tool to assess the collateral patterns and to determine the underlying cause.
Measurement and Modeling of RFID Propagation Channel in Palm Oil Trees
Authors: Arsad A. , Rahman T. A. , Rahim S. K. A.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the information about the vegetation effect at palm oil trees to the terrestrialpropagation of wireless communication at 433MHz. By using the well-established technology which isRadio Frequency Identification (RFID), a measurement is conducted at both Open Space and Palm Oilfarm. Based on RFID Air Interface Standards ISO/IEC 18000-7, it supports standard air interfaceimplementations for wireless and non-contact information system equipment. The characteristic of palmoil trees will be studied as it will be the main obstruction to the communication. The data will be analyzedand the average excess path loss due to Palm Oil trees can be determined. Furthermore, the performanceof signal from the measurement will be compared with the result from existing model of propagation.
Dual Layer Microstrip Refflectarray Composed of Two Stacked Arrays with Minkowski and Square Shaped Radiating Element
Authors: Ismail M. F. , Wahid A. , Rahim M. K. A. , Zubir F.
Published: September 2020

A dual layer microstrip reflectarray composed of two stacked arrays with Minkowski and square patches of variable dimension is presented. The reflection phase coefficients on the reflector surface is achieved by tuning the dimensions of the patches. This technique is to broaden the bandwidth and to extend the reflection phase range compare to a conventional single layer reflectarray. From the simulation results of a unit cell composed of two stacked arrays of Minkowski and square patch showed that, 415° reflection phase range is achieved and lower insertion loss which is lower than 0.9 dB. Base on the simulated reflection phase coefficient, a dual layer microstrip reflectarray antenna with Minkowski and square radiating shape elements have been design and model using commercially available computer models of CST Microwave Studio. The reflectarray has been constructed using Taconic RF-35 substrate. From the radiation pattern at 11 GHz frequency, it shows that the HPBW of 4.7º in both plane, a side lobe level (SLL) of –17 dB and a maximum directivity of 26.1 dBi.
A Comparative Study of Nyquist Pulse‐Shaping Impact on Performance of Coded OFDM Systems with Carrier Frequency Offset
Authors: Tarbosh Sami S. , Rahman T. A. , Seman N.
Published: September 2020

Nyquist Pulse-shaping is one of the methods used to mitigate the effects of frequency offset in OFDM system which result in intercarrier interference (ICI). In this paper, the performance of coded OFDM(COFDM) with various Nyquist pulse shaping over AWGN channel with carrier frequency offset (CFO) are investigated. It is observed from simulation results that the Franks pulse outperforms all Nyquist pulses considered here in term of BER performance. Numerical results for ICI power reduction show that Franks and DJ pulses are quite similar, and outperform other pulses considered in this paper.
Modeling of Photonics Alcohol Detector System Considering Syari’ah Compliance Beverages
Authors: Hussin N. , Idrus S. M. , Ibrahim M. H. , Maharum S. M. M. , Safar A.
Published: September 2020

The remarkable growth in the Halal sector has initiated a growing interest among researchers in developing new, rapid and reliable methods for Halal verification. The need for proper supervision, certification and labelling should follow closely to offer reliable Halal drinks products. The percentage of ethanol in the beverages is directly determined by using the first derivative of near infrared (NIR) absorbance spectrum where the range of wavelength used is from 1680 nm to 1700 nm. Therefore a new method of alcohol detection for beverage had been studied in the reason of helping the consumers especially the Muslims in identifying whether the beverage that they intend to purchase is Halal or Haram, and later the alcohol detector system that is low cost and reliable in detecting the presence of alcohol in our drinks can be modelled. Finally, by making suitable assumptions of the NIR technique, the alcohol detector system was designed, modelled and simulated by using Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Visual Basic.
Pembangunan Laman Web EZ-Arabic Sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran Maya Bahasa Arab bagi Pelajar Sekolah Rendah Malaysia
Authors: Yahaya Mohd Firdaus , Sahrir Muhammad Sabri , Nasir Mohd Shahrizal
Published: September 2020

The use of technology in teaching and learning is not a new phenomenon in the field of e-learning including its use for learning Arabic. This is evidenced through several research attempts and works done on learning through technology which is consistent with the existence of and access to a more effective, interesting and dynamic technology. Virtual learning, or also known as 'virtual learning environment' (VLE), is a teaching and learning platform that is designed to enhance students' learning experience through computer and internet. This article discusses the potential of a virtual learning platform towards learning Arabic through the development of EZ-Arabic as an alternative and interactive virtual platform for students to learn Arabic in primary schools. The design and development of EZ-Arabic prototype is using 'rapid prototyping' instructional design (ID) model which is proposed by Tripp and Bichelmeyer (1990) after conducting needs analysis of content and determining objectives. After the completion of the prototype development, a small-scale session of trying out with users was conducted through the social networking site Facebook® for two weeks from 15 February to 1 March 2012. Users’ feedbacks and suggestions were compiled for it to be utilized in the next phase of installation and maintenance in designing the prototype. Qualitative findings were then collected that include 55 comments and suggestions from users with 48 'LIKES'. Qualitative findings of the proposed improvements and upgrades have been analyzed into seven (7) main themes that related to the web interface, application supports, challenges and distractions, material compatibility, usability, value-added and diversity, and content of syllabus.
Model Fitness on Emotional Intelligence, Personality Trait and Leadersip Behavior on Job Performances
Authors: Md Nawi Nurul Hudani , Redzuan Ma’rof , Hamsan Hanina , Asim Ibrani Adam
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this cross-sectional study is to determine the correlation of emotional intelligence and personality trait as well as the fitness of suggestion hypothetical model and sample data among school educator leaders in High Performance Schools (SBT). Four sets of questionnaire to measure emotional intelligence, personality trait, leadership behavior and work performance were administered to 306 (89%) subjects in 15 SBT schools in Malaysia. The finding by the bivariate analysis using the Pearson correlation method indicates that the personality trait such as Conscientiousness (r=.552, p<.05),Openness to experiences (r=.362, p<.05), Extraversion (r=.505, p<.05), Agreeableness (r=.193, p<.05) are positively and significant correlated with overall emotional intelligence.  Moreover, the results indicate an adequate fit and it obviously met the basic requirement of model fit. Therefore, the modification model is significantly improves the fit of the model to the data. On a practical note, the assessment of psychological construct in schools setting could possibly assist in enhancing the work performances in delivering huge benefits to the society especially in the educational contexts.
Overnight Risk Model: A Unique Capability
Authors: Hsu Abigail , Kaufman Ryan , Lim Hyunkyung , Glimm James
Published: September 2020

We present a novel risk measurement model capable of capturing overnight risk i.e. the risk encountered between the closing time of the previous day and the opening time of the next day. The risk model captures both the overnight risk and also the intraday risk. Statistical models of intraday asset returns must separate the market opening period from the remainder of the day as these follow statistical laws with different properties. Here we present results showing our two models for these two distinct periods.
An Optimized Correlation for Turbulent Flame Speed for C1–C3 Fuels at Engine-Relevant Conditions
Authors: Yousefian Sajjad , Burke Eoin M. , Güthe Felix , Monaghan Rory F. D.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to examine the state-of-the-art turbulent flame speed (ST) correlations and optimize their adjustable parameters to best match a wide range experimental turbulent premixed combustion results. Based on previous work, four correlations have been selected for this study. Using a matlab-based Nelder–Mead simplex direct search method, each correlation's adjustable parameters are optimized such that their mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is minimized. In addition to the literature correlations, a new empirical correlation is developed using the same search method to define constants and powers in the expression. Two sets of optimized parameters are proposed to account for atmospheric and elevated (0.2–3.0 MPa) pressure flames. Each correlation is tested further, examining their ability to match ST trends for varying equivalence ratio (φ) and turbulent velocity ratio (u′/SL). It was found that a minimum of two correlations and two sets of adjustable parameters are required to accurately account for the entire range of data, thus showing that there is currently no turbulent flame speed correlation that is applicable across all engine-relevant conditions.
Molecular evidence for two new species of the Hygrobates fluviatilis-complex from the Balkan Peninsula (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)
Authors: Pešić Vladimir , Jovanović Milica , Manović Ana , Zawal Andrzej , Bańkowska Aleksandra , Lyubomirova Lyubomira , Karaouzas Ioannis , Dabert Miroslawa
Published: September 2020

Water mites of the Hygrobates fluviatilis-complex are often the most ubiquitous and usually the most abundant water mite group in the running waters of the Palaearctic and Balkans. In the present study we used an integrative taxonomic approach by applying partial COI sequences (DNA-barcodes) to describe two new species of the fluviatilis-complex from the Balkan Peninsula, H. balcanicus Pešić sp. nov. (Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece) and H. mediterraneus Pešić sp. nov. (Montenegro). Phylogenetic analysis based on COI data placed H. balcanicus sp. nov. as the sister species of the clade grouping H. turcicus Pešić, Esen & Dabert, 2017 and H. ulii Pešić et al. 2019 whereas H. mediterraneus sp. nov. is placed as the sister species of H. grabowskii Pešić et al. 2019, with about 20% and 13% K2P divergence, respectively, between the closest relatives.
The Consequences of Glaucoma on Mobility and Balance Control in the Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zwierko Teresa , Jedziniak Wojciech , Florkiewicz Beata , Ceylan Halil İbrahim , Lesiakowski Piotr , Śliwiak Marta , Kirkiewicz Marta , Lubiński Wojciech
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was to explore the functional impairments and related factors in older adults with moderate to advanced stages of glaucoma. Nineteen patients with glaucoma and 19 participants with no ocular disease performed step test and balance control tasks with analysis of overall stability index and fall risk index. Monocular and binocular Humphrey Visual Field tests were used to estimate visual field defect severity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity level. Patients with glaucoma showed poorer values for most of the mobility and balance control parameters with medium and large effect sizes (0.3–0.5). Mobility scores in patients were partly associated with their monocular visual field defect (rs = .507, p < .05). Low physical activity was identified as a risk factor for falls (rs = −.453, p < .05) and postural instability (rs = −.457, p < .05). Functional declines in dynamic tasks were not related to glaucoma severity. Older adults with glaucoma display impairment with mobility and balance control compared to controls, associated with the degree of monocular visual field loss and lower daily physical activity.
Velocity Performance Feedback During Ballistic Training: Which Is the Optimal Frequency of Feedback Administration?
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Jiménez-Alonso Ainara , Cepero Mar , Miras-Moreno Sergio , Rojas F. Javier , García-Ramos Amador
Published: September 2020

This study explored the impact of different frequencies of knowledge of results (KR) on velocity performance during ballistic training. Fifteen males completed four identical sessions (three sets of six repetitions at 30% one-repetition maximum during the countermovement jump and bench press throw) with the only difference of the KR condition provided: no feedback, velocity feedback after the first half of repetitions of each set (HalfKR), velocity feedback immediately after each repetition (ImKR), and feedback of the average velocity of each set (AvgKR). When compared with the control condition, the ImKR reported the highest velocity performance (1.9–5.3%), followed by the HalfKR (1.3–3.6%) and AvgKR (0.7–4.3%). These results support the verbal provision of velocity performance feedback after every repetition to induce acute improvements in velocity performance.
Good vibrations for flapping-wing flyers
Authors: Karásek Matěj
Published: September 2020

Studies of insect flight reveal how flapping-induced vibrations augment flight stability of tailless flapping-wing flyers.
Exosomes derived from Vδ2-T cells control Epstein-Barr virus–associated tumors and induce T cell antitumor immunity
Authors: Wang Xiwei , Xiang Zheng , Liu Yinping , Huang Chunyu , Pei Yujun , Wang Xia , Zhi Hui , Wong Wilfred Hing-Sang , Wei Haiming , Ng Irene Oi-Lin , Lee Pamela Pui-Wah , Chan Godfrey Chi-Fung , Lau Yu-Lung , Tu Wenwei
Published: September 2020

Exosomes from expanded allogeneic Vδ2-T cells kill EBV-associated tumors and promote antitumor immune responses.
Paenibacillusinfection with frequent viral coinfection contributes to postinfectious hydrocephalus in Ugandan infants
Authors: Paulson Joseph N. , Williams Brent L. , Hehnly Christine , Mishra Nischay , Sinnar Shamim A. , Zhang Lijun , Ssentongo Paddy , Mbabazi-Kabachelor Edith , Wijetunge Dona S. S. , von Bredow Benjamin , Mulondo Ronnie , Kiwanuka Julius , Bajunirwe Francis , Bazira Joel , Bebell Lisa M. , Burgoine Kathy , Couto-Rodriguez Mara , Ericson Jessica E. , Erickson Tim , Ferrari Matthew , Gladstone Melissa , Guo Cheng , Haran Murali , Hornig Mady , Isaacs Albert M. , Kaaya Brian Nsubuga , Kangere Sheila M. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Kumbakumba Elias , Li Xiaoxiao , Limbrick David D. , Magombe Joshua , Morton Sarah U. , Mugamba John , Ng James , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Onen Justin , Peterson Mallory R. , Roy Farrah , Sheldon Kathryn , Townsend Reid , Weeks Andrew D. , Whalen Andrew J. , Quackenbush John , Ssenyonga Peter , Galperin Michael Y. , Almeida Mathieu , Atkins Hannah , Warf Benjamin C. , Lipkin W. Ian , Broach James R. , Schiff Steven J.
Published: September 2020

A new strain of the bacteriumPaenibacilluscontributes to postinfectious hydrocephalus in Ugandan infants.
Salt Stress Response of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius Involves Complex Trehalose Metabolism Utilizing a Novel Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase (TPS)/Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase (TPP) Pathway
Authors: Stracke Christina , Meyer Benjamin H. , Hagemann Anna , Jo Eunhye , Lee Areum , Albers Sonja-Verena , Cha Jaeho , Bräsen Christopher , Siebers Bettina
Published: September 2020

The metabolism and function of trehalose as a compatible solute in
Archaea
was not well understood. This combined genetic and enzymatic approach at the interface of microbiology, physiology, and microbial ecology gives important insights into survival under stress, adaptation to extreme environments, and the role of compatible solutes in
Archaea
. Here, we unraveled the complexity of trehalose metabolism, and we present a comprehensive study on trehalose function in stress response in
S. acidocaldarius
. This sheds light on the general microbiology and the fascinating metabolic repertoire of
Archaea
, involving many novel biocatalysts, such as glycosyltransferases, with great potential in biotechnology.
Genome Sequence of Campylobacter fetus subsp.
venerealis
NW_ED23, Isolated from Bovine Sheath Wash
Authors: Tshipamba Mpinda Edoaurd , Akinola Stephen Abiola , Ngoma Lubanza , Mwanza Mulunda
Published: September 2020

Campylobacter fetus
subsp.
venerealis
is the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, which is mostly characterized by reproduction problems. The strain reported in this study was isolated from bull sheath wash in South Africa.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel “
Candidatus
Liberibacter” Species Detected in a
Zanthoxylum
Species from Bhutan
Authors: Chambers Grant A. , Donovan Nerida J. , Bogema Daniel R. , Om Namgay , Beattie George A. C. , Morrow Jennifer L. , Holford Paul
Published: September 2020

The draft genome sequence of a novel “
Candidatus
Liberibacter” species detected in an unidentified species of
Zanthoxylum
(Rutaceae) collected in Bhutan is reported. The total length is 1,408,989 bp with 1,169 coding sequences in 96 contigs, a GC content of 37.3%, and 76 to 77% average nucleotide identity with several other “
Ca
. Liberibacter” species.
Genome Sequences of Gordonia rubripertincta Bacteriophages Jellybones and NHagos
Authors: Harrington D'Andrew L. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Johnson Mia J. , Pochiro Samantha J. , Moriarty Michelle M. , Robertson Miriam E. , Sanchez Andy , Whitby Orin G. , Kimberley Kendra W. , McKenna Chelsey C. , Theoret James R. , Windsor Erin J. , Yoon Earl J.
Published: September 2020

Jellybones and NHagos are bacteriophages that were identified in the host bacterium
Gordonia rubripertincta
NRRL B-16540. Jellybones has a direct terminal repeat and was assigned to the CS2 subcluster with a length of 77,514 bp. NHagos is circularly permuted and was assigned to the DR cluster with a length of 59,580 bp.
Draft Genome Sequence of Glycoside Hydrolase-Producing Trichoderma asperellum Strain IC-1
Authors: Takahashi Hiro , Sakagawa Erika , Toyoda Ryosuke , Motomura Taichiro , Murase Masataka , Takahashi Anna , Fukuyoshi Shuichi , Kanamasa Shin
Published: September 2020

Glycoside hydrolases capable of degrading lignocellulose are important for effectively utilizing cellulosic biomass as a next-generation chemical resource.
Trichoderma asperellum
IC-1 produces various glycoside hydrolases. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
T. asperellum
IC-1 to better understand its gene structures and gene regulatory mechanisms.
Genome Sequence of Vibrio natriegens Phage vB_VnaS-AQKL99
Authors: Yonas Noah , Boleman Paige , Nguyen Y , Kerr Makenzie , Malki Kema , Greco Anthony M. , Breitbart Mya
Published: September 2020

Vibrio natriegens
is a naturally occurring marine bacterium that is emerging as a microbiological model system. Here, we describe Aquatic Killer 99 (AQKL99), a novel phage that infects
Vibrio natriegens
14048. The genome of the phage is 58,464 bp long, has a GC content of 45.9%, and contains 51 protein-coding genes.
Staphylococcus aureus Releases Proinflammatory Membrane Vesicles To Resist Antimicrobial Fatty Acids
Authors: Kengmo Tchoupa Arnaud , Peschel Andreas
Published: September 2020

The nares of one in three humans are colonized by
Staphylococcus aureus
. In these environments, and arguably on all mucosal surfaces, bacteria encounter fatty acids with antimicrobial properties. Our study uncovers that
S. aureus
releases membrane vesicles (MVs) that act as decoys to protect the bacterium against antimicrobial fatty acids (AFAs). The AFA-neutralizing effects of MVs were neither strain specific nor restricted to one particular AFA. Hence, MVs may represent “public goods” playing an overlooked role in shaping bacterial communities in AFA-rich environments such as the skin and nose. Intriguingly, in addition to MV biogenesis,
S. aureus
modulates MV composition in response to exposure to AFAs, including an increased release of lipoproteins. These MVs strongly stimulate the innate immunity via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). TLR2-mediated inflammation, which helps to fight infections, may exacerbate inflammatory disorders like atopic dermatitis. Our study highlights intricate immune responses preventing infections from colonizing bacteria.
Add-on bone scintigraphy after negative radiological skeletal survey for the diagnosis of skeletal injury in children suspected of physical abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Blangis Flora , Taylor Melissa , Adamsbaum Catherine , Devillers Anne , Gras-Le Guen Christèle , Launay Elise , Bossuyt Patrick M , Cohen Jérémie F , Chalumeau Martin
Published: September 2020

Objective(s)

To systematically assess the extent to which bone scintigraphy (BS) could improve the detection rate of skeletal injury in children suspected of physical abuse with an initial negative radiological skeletal survey (RSS).

Study design

We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science for series of ≥20 children suspected of physical abuse who underwent RSS and add-on BS. We assessed the risk of bias and the heterogeneity and performed random-effects meta-analyses.

Results

After screening 1140 unique search results, we reviewed 51 full-text articles, and included 7 studies (783 children, mostly ≤3 years old). All studies were of either high or unclear risk of bias. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in meta-analyses. The summary detection rate of skeletal injury with RSS alone was 52% (95% CI 37 to 68). The summary absolute increase in detection rate with add-on BS was 10 percentage points (95% CI 6 to 15); the summary relative detection rate was 1.19 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.25); the summary number of children with a negative RSS who needed to undergo a BS to detect one additional child with skeletal injury (number needed to test) was 3 (95% CI 2 to 7).

Conclusions

From the available evidence, add-on BS in young children suspected of physical abuse with a negative RSS might allow for a clinically significant improvement of the detection rate of children with skeletal injury, for a limited number of BS procedures required. The quality of the reviewed evidence was low, pointing to the need for high-quality studies in this field.
Paediatric snakebite envenoming: the world’s most neglected ‘Neglected Tropical Disease’?
Authors: Pach Sophie , Le Geyt Jacqueline , Gutiérrez José María , Williams David , Maduwage Kalana Prasad , Habib Abdulrazaq Garba , Gustin Rafael , Avila-Agüero María Luisa , Ya Kyaw Thu , Halbert Jay
Published: September 2020

Snakebite disproportionally affects children living in impoverished rural communities. The WHO has recently reinstated snakebites on its list of Neglected Tropical Diseases and launched a comprehensive Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming. In the first of a two paper series, we describe the epidemiology, socioeconomic impact and key prevention strategies. We also explore current challenges and priorities including the production and distribution of safe and effective antivenom.
Association between esodeviation and primary open-angle glaucoma: the 2010–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Jin-soo , Kim Young Kook , Kim Yong Woo , Baek Sung Uk , Ha Ahnul , Lee Jinho , Lee Haeng-Jin , Kim Dai Woo , Jeoung Jin Wook , Kim Seong-Joon , Park Ki Ho
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims

To evaluate the association between strabismus and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a representative Korean population.

Methods

A total of 11 114 participants aged 20 years or older in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database for the years 2010 through 2011 were reviewed. A standardised protocol was used to interview every participant and to perform comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Glaucoma diagnosis was based on fundus photography and frequency-doubling technology perimetry results, according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. Ocular alignment was evaluated using the alternate prism and cover test, and clinically significant horizontal strabismus was defined as exodeviation of ≥15 prism dioptres (PD) and esodeviation of ≥10 PD. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate the potential risk factors for POAG.

Results

In the Korean population, subjects with clinically significant esodeviation had a much higher prevalence of POAG (12.32%) than those without clinically significant esodeviation (3.14%, p=0.016). After adjusting for age and intraocular pressure, clinically significant esodeviation was independently associated with POAG (OR 7.61, p=0.002).

Conclusion

Esodeviation was independently associated with POAG in the Korean population. This could be the result of, at least in part, ocular-adduction-induced greater strain on the temporal optic nerve head and peripapillary tissues, which makes eyes with esodeviation more vulnerable to POAG.
Long-term tracking of fasting blood glucose variability and peripheral artery disease in people without diabetes
Authors: Sun Xiu-Ting , Zeng Cheng , Zhang Shao-Zhao , Zhou Hui-Min , Zhong Xiang-Bin , Xiong Zhen-Yu , Yang Da-Ya , Guo Yue , Zhuang Xiao-Dong , Liao Xin-Xue
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Long-term changes of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in relation to lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (lower-extremity PAD) in people without diabetes has barely been reported. Our study aimed to investigate the association between FBG variability and the incidence of lower-extremity PAD in people without diabetes.

Research design and methods

We included 7699 participants without prior lower-extremity PAD and diabetes from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study in the final analysis. At least two measurements of FBG were required during follow-up. Variability of FBG was identified using SD, coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM) and average real variability. Lower-extremity PAD was defined as an ankle brachial index <0.9, or hospitalization with a lower-extremity PAD diagnosis. Cox regression model was used to calculate HR for incidence of lower-extremity PAD and FBG variability.

Results

During a median follow-up of 19.5 years, 504 (6.5 %) lower-extremity PAD events were observed, 54.4% (n=274) were male, and 17.5% (n=88) were African-American. FBG variability was positively associated with incident lower-extremity PAD, with a linear relationship. HRs for CV and VIM were 1.015 (95% CI: 1.001 to 1.03; p=0.023), and 1.032 (95% CI: 1.004 to 1.06; p=0.022) for lower-extremity PAD, respectively. Participants in the lowest quartile of CV were at lower lower-extremity PAD risk compared with the highest ones (HR: 1.499, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.938; p=0.002).

Conclusions

Higher FBG variability was independently associated with increased prevalence of lower-extremity PAD in people without diabetes.

Trial registration number

NCT00005131.
Blinding in randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions: a retrospective study of published trial reports
Authors: Juul Sophie , Gluud Christian , Simonsen Sebastian , Frandsen Frederik Weischer , Kirsch Irving , Jakobsen Janus Christian
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To study the extent of blinding in randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions and the interpretative considerations if randomised clinical trials are not blinded.

Design

Retrospective study of trial reports published in six high impact factor journals within the field of psychiatry in 2017 and 2018.

Setting

Trial reports published inWorld Psychiatry,JAMA Psychiatry,Lancet Psychiatry,American Journal of Psychiatry,British Journal of Psychiatry, orPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

Main outcome measures

Blinding status of participants, treatment providers, outcome assessors, data managers, the data safety and monitoring committee, statisticians and conclusion makers, if trialists rejected the null hypothesis on the primary outcome measure, and if trialists discussed the potential bias risk from lack of blinding in the published trial report.

Results

63 randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions were identified. None (0%; 95% CI 0% to 5.75%) of the trials reported blinding of all possible key persons. 37 (58.7%; 95% CI 46.42% to 70.04%) trials reported blinding of outcome assessors. Two (3.2%; 95% CI 0.87% to 10.86%) trials reported blinding of participants. Two (3.2%; 95% CI 0.87% to 10.86%) trials reported blinding of data managers. Three (4.8%; 95% CI 1.63% to 13.09%) trials reported blinding of statisticians. None of the trials reported blinding of treatment providers, the data safety and monitoring committee, and conclusion makers. 45 (71.4%; 95% CI 59.30% to 81.10%) trials rejected the null hypothesis on the primary outcome(s). 13 (20.7%; 95% CI 12.48% to 32.17%) trials discussed the potential bias risk from lack of blinding in the published trial report.

Conclusions

Blinding of key persons involved in randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions is rarely sufficiently documented. The possible interpretative limitations are only rarely considered. There is a need of randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions with documented blinding attempts of all possible key persons.