bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The electrophysiological characteristics of ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy
Authors: Li Shiying
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To report the electrophysiological and ophthalmic characteristics of ethambutol optic neuropathy (EON).
Methods: Retrospective case review of clinical features and electrophysiology in 31 patients (62 eyes). Ten cases received longitudinal monitoring for up to 3 years.
Results: Reduced visual acuity (worse than logMAR 0.2) was present in 60/62 eyes. Colour vision was tested in 31 eyes; all showed impairment. Pattern VEPs were delayed in 33 of 45 eyes with detectable responses; they were subnormal (<5µV) in 19 eyes. Subnormal or borderline responses of normal peak time were present in 10 of 12 eyes. Seventeen eyes had no detectable pattern VEP. Peak times in 9 eyes, and amplitudes in 16 eyes, improved following drug cessation; mild PVEP worsening occurred in 2 eyes. Flash VEPs were delayed in 20 eyes of 12 patients; 5 eyes had no detectable FVEP. Peak times (6 eyes) and amplitudes (16 eyes) improved following drug cessation. PERG showed retinal ganglion cell dysfunction in 26 eyes, usually N95 component reduction. Full-field ERGs were mildly abnormal in 7 eyes of 4 patients. VA improved in 16 of 20 eyes following drug cessation. The presence of pale or swollen optic discs, or of renal disease, was associated with lack of improvement or worsening of VEPs at follow-up.
Conclusions:
Ethambutol may cause severe optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell dysfunction; appropriate caution is necessary. Severe VEP abnormalities can resolve following cessation of ethambutol, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and cessation of the drug. Visual acuity has poor predictive value.
Relationships parental positive parenting and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents: Role of self-esteem and smartphone addiction
Authors: Kim Ji Hye , Song Hye Young , Jung Gye Hyun
Published: September 2023

Background
This cross-sectional study investigated the mediating effect of adolescent self-esteem and smartphone addiction in the relationship between positive parenting and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration.
Methods
This secondary analysis used data from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. Data on parental positive parenting, adolescent self-esteem, smartphone addiction, and perpetration of cyberbullying of 2,394 Korean adolescents (boys: 1,297, 54.2%) were analyzed. Hayes’ PROCESS macro program was used to confirm the mediating role.
Results
The results revealed that 26.5% (n = 634) of the adolescents had experienced cyberbullying. Parental positive parenting was not directly correlated with cyberbullying. Adolescent self-esteem and smartphone addiction played a mediating role between positive parenting and adolescent cyberbullying.
Conclusions
Adolescents’ individual characteristics and parent/family system characteristics should be considered in policies aimed at preventing adolescent cyberbullying, preceded by the management of appropriate smartphone use. Improving the youth’s self-esteem and teaching them how to use smartphones correctly can help prevent cyberbullying.
Predictors of early adverse postoperative outcomes following emergency groin hernia surgery: a prospective multicenter cohort
Authors: Ismail Mumin Farah , Abra Demoz , Muhumuza Joshua , Molen Selamo Fabrice , Mauricio William , Edyedu Isaac , Sikakulya Frank Katembo , Walhad Said Ahmed , Odoma Saidi , Mohamed Muhamed Abdullahi , Kyamukama Lauben Amagara , Olasinde Anthony Ayotunde , Kiswezi Ahmed Kazigo
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Groin hernias accounts for 70% of all abdominal hernias and up to 40% of the groin hernia operations are done as emergencies. The percentage of groin hernias operated as emergencies is even higher in low and middle-income countries like Uganda. Emergency hernia surgeries have been associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes. This study was aimed at determining the predictors of early adverse postoperative outcomes following emergency groin hernia surgery in a low resource setting.
Methods: This was a prospective multicenter cohort conducted in the surgical departments of Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH) and Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH). All patients who presented with emergency groin hernias during the study period were enrolled. Follow up was done up to discharge. Binary logistic regression in SPSS version 26 was done to determine the predictors.
Results: During the study period, 67 patients were enrolled majority of whom were males 56 (83.6%) aged above 45 years 28 (41.8%). Irreducible and obstructed hernias accounted for 20(29.9%) each. Strangulated hernia being the commonest with 27(40.3%) patients, of which 9 were found to have both obstruction and strangulation. Twenty (29.9%) of the participants had complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.97 (SD=3.289) days. One (1.5%) patient died. Undergoing gut resection predicted occurrence of early adverse outcomes (AOR=10.250, CI=2.970-35.372, P<0.001).
Conclusion
More attention is still needed to reduce the rate of adverse outcomes following emergency hernia surgery with a lot of focus on surgical site infection and patients undergoing gut resection.
Feto-Maternal Outcome of General and Spinal Anesthesia Among Pregnant Mothers Who Undergo Category One Cesarean Sections –A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study at Jimma University Medical Center, 2022.
Authors: Bedane Bekele , Belay Admasu , Abate Mengistu , Berhanu Mitiku , Wuletaw Nigussie , Getachew Tamiru , Tesfaye Gezahegn , Hika Aseffa
Published: September 2023

Background
Category one cesarean section is performed in the most urgent conditions for the fetus or mother and sometimes in both cases. Currently, the practice of anesthesia for emergency cesarean sections is becoming spinal over general anesthesia due to adverse feto-maternal outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare feto-maternal outcomes under general and spinal anesthesia during category one cesarean deliveries at Jimma University Medical Center.
Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center from August 20 to November 01, 2022. The study included 72 category one pregnant mothers. Sociodemographic, indication for category one cesarean delivery, DDI, perioperative maternal vital signs, intraoperative blood loss and need for transfusion of blood and ICU admissions were noted to compare maternal outcomes under general and spinal anesthesia. On the other hand, for comparison of newborn outcomes, variables such as APGAR scores at one and five minutes, need for bag mask ventilation, intubation and NICU admissions were used. Data were entered into epiData 4.6 software and exported to IBM SPSS Statistics 26 for analysis. Independent sample Student’s t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed data. On the other hand, for comparison of categorical data, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used. A p value less than 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference in outcomes between groups.
Result
The ages of the participants were comparable between general and spinal anesthesia, with means of 27.86 ± 5.42 and 26.27 ± 6.77 years, respectively; p = 0.344. The DDI and one- and five- minute Apgar scores were significantly different between the general and spinal anesthesia groups. There was no significant difference between general and spinal anesthesia regarding neonatal and maternal death.
Conclusion
General anesthesia may be considered faster than spinal anesthesia during emergency cesarean section deliveries. However, it was found that; it is associated with fetal and maternal morbidity compared to spinal anesthesia. Therefore, we recommend spinal anesthesia over general anesthesia to achieve a better outcome.
Protocol of the Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options (CISTO) Study: a pragmatic, prospective multicenter observational cohort study of recurrent high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Gore John L. , Wolff Erika , Comstock Bryan A. , Follmer Kristin M. , Nash Michael G. , Basu Anirban , Chisolm Stephanie , MacLean Douglas B. , Lee Jenney R. , Lotan Yair , Porten Sima P. , Steinberg Gary D. , Chang Sam S. , Gilbert Scott M. , Kessler Larry G. , Smith Angela B. , Collaborative CISTO
Published: September 2023

Background Bladder cancer poses a significant public health burden, with high recurrence and progression rates in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Current treatment options include bladder-sparing therapies (BST) and radical cystectomy, both with associated risks and benefits. However, evidence supporting optimal management decisions for patients with recurrent high-grade NMIBC remains limited, leading to uncertainty for patients and clinicians. The CISTO (Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options) Study aims to address this critical knowledge gap by comparing outcomes between patients undergoing BST and radical cystectomy. Methods The CISTO Study is a pragmatic, prospective observational cohort trial across 36 academic and community urology practices in the US. The study will enroll 572 patients with a diagnosis of recurrent high-grade NMIBC who select management with either BST or radical cystectomy. The primary outcome is health-related quality of life (QOL) at 12 months as measured with the EORTC-QLQ-C30. Secondary outcomes include bladder cancer-specific QOL, progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and financial toxicity. The study will also assess patient preferences for treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses will employ targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) to address treatment selection bias and confounding by indication. Discussion The CISTO Study is powered to detect clinically important differences in QOL and cancer-specific survival between the two treatment approaches. By including a diverse patient population, the study also aims to assess outcomes across the following patient characteristics: age, gender, race, burden of comorbid health conditions, cancer severity, caregiver status, social determinants of health, and rurality. Treatment outcomes may also vary by patient preferences, health literacy, and baseline QOL. The CISTO Study will fill a crucial evidence gap in the management of recurrent high-grade NMIBC, providing evidence-based guidance for patients and clinicians in choosing between BST and radical cystectomy. The CISTO study will provide an evidence-based approach to identifying the right treatment for the right patient at the right time in the challenging clinical setting of recurrent high-grade NMIBC. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03933826. Registered on May 1, 2019.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Han Xiqin , Ge Qiping , Shu Wei , Sun Yuxian , Gao Jingtao , Xie Shiheng , Wang Jingping , Gao Weiwei
Published: September 2023

Background About 8% of TB cases worldwide are estimated to have rifampicin-susceptible, isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB), ranging from 5 to 11% regions. However, Hr-TB has not received much attention while comparing to be given high priority to the management of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). This study aimed to compare the differences of treatment effects for Hr-TB and RR-TB retreated pulmonary tuberculosis, so as to intensify the treatment and management of Hr-TB.
Methods A retrospective study was used to collect bacteriologically positive retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant, who were conducted at 29 tuberculosis control institutions in China from July 2009 to June 2021. We assessed effectiveness and safety of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant.
Results A total of 147 with either positive smear or cultures were enrolled, and 80 cases were in Hr-TBgroup and 67 cases were in RR-TB group. There was no significant difference in terms of age, sex, body mass, type of retreatment and comorbid diabetes between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (P=0.166) with regard to the treatment outcomes of the two groups, the cure rates were 54.7% (41/75) and 53.6% (30/56), respectively, and the failure rate in Hr- TB group 22.7% (17/75) was 10% higher than RR-TBgroup 10.7% (6/56). The rate of negative sputum smear at the end of the second month (65.7%) in the Hr-TB group was significantly lower than that in the RR-TB group (85.7%) (P=0.025). There were no significant differences in the incidences of serious adverse reactions and chest X-ray changes between the two groups (P>0.05). During the 5-year follow-up, recurrence in the Hr-TB group (7 cases, 14.9%) was no significantly lower than that in the RR-TB group (4 cases, 11.8%) (P=0.754).
Conclusion The negative conversion rate and success rate of treatment in retreated Hr-TB patients were lower than RR-TB patients. The treatment outcomes of retreated Hr-TB patients with needs to improve and should receive the same level of attention as rifampicin resistance does.
Anticipatory Prescribing of Injectable Controlled Drugs (ICDs) in Care Homes: a qualitative observational study of Staff Role, Uncertain Dying and Hospital Transfer at the End-of-Life
Authors: Teggi Diana , Woodthorpe Kate
Published: September 2023

Background: The anticipatory prescribing of injectable controlled drugs (ICDs) by general practitioners (GPs) to care home residents is common practice and is believed to reduce emergency hospital transfers at the end-of-life. However, evidence about the process of ICD prescribing and how it affects residents’ hospital transfer is limited. The study examined how care home nurses and senior carers (senior staff) describe their role in ICDs prescribing and identify that role to affect residents’ hospital transfers at the end-of-life.
Methods: 1,440 hours of participant observation in five care homes in England between May 2019 and March 2020. Semi-structured interviews with a range of staff. Interviews (n = 25) and fieldnotes (2,761 handwritten A5 pages) were analysed thematically.
Results: Senior staff request GPs to prescribe ICDs ahead of residents’ expected death and review prescribed ICDs for as long as residents survive. Senior staff use this mechanism to ascertain the clinical appropriateness of withholding potentially life-extending emergency care (which usually led to hospital transfer) and demonstrate safe care provision to GPs certifying the medical cause of death. This enables senior staff to facilitate a care home death for residents experiencing uncertain dying trajectories.
Conclusion: Senior staff use GPs’ prescriptions and reviews of ICDs to pre-empt hospital transfers at the end-of-life. Policy should indicate a clear timeframe for ICD review to make hospital transfer avoidance less reliant on trust between senior staff and GPs. The timeframe should match the period before death allowing GPs to certify death without triggering a Coroner’s referral.
A retrospective descriptive analysis of community-engaged research projects improving rural health outcomes
Authors: Nasir Bushra , Chater Bruce , McGrail Matthew , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas
Published: September 2023

Background:
Most rural populations experience significant health disadvantages. Community-engaged research can facilitate the translation of scientific knowledge to improving their health status. Connecting scholars with community based frontline practices address local health and medical needs helps establish a robust pipeline for research that can inform community priorities. This study aims to provide an understanding of the health status of the local rural communities through community-engaged Rural Health Projects (RHPs) conducted as part of a Doctor of Medicine program. The RHPs identify issues of health concern, to then develop future localised solutions.
Methods:
This study conducted a retrospective analysis of RHPs conducted between 2011 and 2021 in rural and remote Australian communities. Descriptive analyses were used to present RHP locations by their geographical classification and disease/research categorisation using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and the Human Research Classification System (HRCS) categories.
Results:
There were a total of 2806 eligible RHPs conducted between 2011 and 2021, predominantly in Queensland (n=2728, 97·2%). These were mostly conducted in small rural towns (under 5,000 population, n=1044, 37·2%) or other rural towns up to 15,000 population (n=842, 30·0%). Projects mostly addressed individual care needs (n=1233, 43·9%) according to HRCS categories, or were related to factors influencing health status and contact with health services (n=1012, 36·1%) according to ICD-10 classification.
Conclusions:
Conducting community focused RHPs demonstrates a valuable approach to foster improved rural health outcomes by engaging medical students in research projects while simultaneously enhancing their research skills.
Well-constructed a water stable Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 binary composite with excellent capture ability toward malachite green
Authors: Zou Jiaying , Li Yan , Dong Haotian , Ma Na , Dai Wei
Published: September 2023

The water instability of copper-based metal organic-framework (e.g. Cu-BTC) restricts its potential utilization, such as the elimination of hazardous malachite green (MG) from water. In present paper, we have developed a novel metal/covalent-organic frameworks (Cu-BTC@TpPa-1) binary composite by solvothermal method. This composite serves as a multifunctional platform for the effective removal of MG from water. This Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 obviously keeps structural integrity soaked in water for 7 days. And its heat resistant performance can achieve 360 oC because of the TpPa-1 protection, which is outdistance to that of Cu-BTC. The adsorbed capacity of MG over Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 is exceptionally high, with an uptake of up to 1024 mg/g, which is superior compared to previous adsorbents, highlighting its superior adsorption capabilities. The adsorptive performance was controlled by the associative effects of Cu-BTC and TpPa-1 with an association effects of π-complexation and electrostatic attraction. The Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 might be a prospective adsorbent for MG capture from industrial waste water.
Study of changes in the aging process, microstructure, and mechanical properties of AA2024-AA1050 nanocomposites created by the accumulative roll bonding process, with the addition of 0.005 vol.% of alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Roghani Hamed , Ahmadi Ehsan , Borhani Ehsan , Jafarian Hamid Reza
Published: September 2023

We created AA2024-AA1050 and AA2024-AA1050/0.005 vol.% Al2O3 nanocomposites by six accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process stages. AA2024 and AA1050 sheets with a thickness of 0.7 mm were used to create a composite. Also, plate-shaped alumina nanoparticles were used in the composites. The two AA1050 and one AA2024 sheets (among the two AA1050 sheets) were ARB-ed up to six cycles with and without adding alumina nanoparticles. Also, a sample of the AA1050 without composite making was ARB-ed up to six cycles. Some composites were aged after the ARB process in the furnace at 110, 150, and 190°C. SEM, TEM, and EDS-MAP analyses, tensile strength, microhardness, and Pin-on-Disc tests were performed to study the ARB-ed sheets. The results of the tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of AA2024-AA1050 created by the six stages ARB process was two times more than primary AA1050. Also, the wear resistance of this composite was 74% more than six cycles ARB-ed the AA1050. Using 0.005 vol.% alumina nanoparticles in AA2024-AA1050 composite improved its wear resistance by 30%. In the following, the aging process caused to improvement in tensile strength and total elongation of AA2024-AA1050/Al2O3 nanocomposites.
The diagnostic value and validation of Th17-related cytokines in tuberculosis pleural effusion
Authors: Xu Yuzhen , Wu Jing , Yao Qiuju , Liu Qianqian , Huaxin Chen , Zhang Bingyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Sen , Shao Lingyun , Zhang Wenhong , Ou Qinfang , Gao Yan
Published: September 2023

Background
There has been a great deal of evidence indicating that cytokines participate in tuberculosis immune defense. This study aimed to evaluated the levels of Th17-related cytokines in pleural effusion to discriminate tuberculosis pleurisy with malignant pleurisy.
Methods
82 patients with pleural effusion were included in training cohort and 76 patients with pleural effusion were included in validation cohort. Individuals were divided into tuberculosis and malignant pleurisy group. The concentrations of Th17-related cytokines in pleural effusion were detected using multiplex cytokine assay. The threshold value was calculated according the ROC analysis to help diagnose tuberculosis pleurisy. Furthermore, the combination diagnosis was validated in validation cohort.
Results
The pleural effusion levels of Th17-related cytokines among the patients with tuberculosis infection were all higher than malignant pleurisy group (all P < 0.05). The AUC was ≥ 0.920 for the IL-22, sCD40L, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-31 found significantly increased in TPE in training cohort. A threshold value of 95.80 pg/mL in IFN-γ, 41.80 pg/mL in IL-31 and 18.87 pg/mL in IL-22 could be used to obtain sensitivity and specificity ≥ 90% to discriminate between tuberculosis pleurisy and malignant pleurisy in training cohort. IL-22 associated with sCD40L had the best sensitivity and specificity (94.0% and 96.9%) in diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy and was validated in validation cohort.
Conclusion
We demonstrated that the level of Th17-related cytokines in pleural effusion had significant difference between tuberculosis pleurisy and malignant pleurisy. IL-22 ≥ 18.87 pg/mL and sCD40L ≥ 53.08 pg/mL can be clinically utilized as an efficient diagnosis strategy for tuberculosis pleurisy.
A Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies a Robust Scoring System for Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Intervention Targets in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Zhenlin , Xu Tianlei , Zhang Qian , Li Sijia , Wang Xiaohui
Published: September 2023

Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical role in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. While numerous studies have investigated CAF, there remains a paucity of research on their clinical application in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
In this study, we collected differentially expressed genes between CAF and normal fibroblasts (NF) from previous CRC studies, and utilized machine learning analysis to differentiate two distinct subtypes of CAF in CRC. To enable practical application, a CAF-related genes (CAFGs) scoring system was developed based on multivariate Cox regression. We then conducted functional enrichment analysis, Kaplan-Meier plot, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) classification, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm to investigate the relationship between the CAFGs scoring system and various biological mechanisms, prognostic value, tumor microenvironment, and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Moreover, single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics analyses have been employed to validate the significance of scoring system related molecules in the identity and function of CAF.
Results
We unveiled significant distinctions in tumor immune status and prognosis not only between the CAF clusters, but also across high and low CAFGs groups. Specifically, patients in CAF cluster 2 or with high CAFGs scores exhibited higher CAF markers and were enriched for CAF-related biological pathways such as such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. Additionally, CAFGs score was identified as a risk index and correlated with poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). High CAFGs scores were observed in patients with advanced stages, CMS4, as well as lymphatic invasion. Furthermore, elevated CAFG scores in patients signified a suppressive tumor microenvironment characterized by the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), T cell dysfunction, exclusion, and TIDE score. And high CAFGs scores can differentiate patients with lower response rates and poor prognosis under ICB therapy. Notably, single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics analyses identified several molecules related to CAF identity and function, such as FSTL1, IGFBP7, and FBN1.
Conclusion
We constructed a robust CAFGs score system with clinical significance using multiple CRC cohorts. Additionally, we identified several molecules related to CAF identity and function that could be potential intervention targets for CRC patients.
Genome-Wide Identification and In-silico Expression Analysis of CCO Gene Family in Sunflower (Helianthus annnus)
Authors: Sami Adnan , Haider Muhammad Zeshan , Shafiq Muhammad , Sadiq Saleh , Ahmad Farooq
Published: September 2023

Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) enzymes play an important role in plant growth and development by producing a wide array of apocarotenoids and their derivatives. These compounds are vital for colouring flowers and fruits and synthesizing plant hormones such as abscisic acid and strigolactones. Despite their importance, the gene family responsible for CCOs in sunflowers has not been studied. In this study, we identify the CCO genes of the sunflower plant to fill this knowledge gap. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis indicated that the Helianthus annnus CCO (HaCCO) proteins are conserved in different plant species and they can be divided into three subgroups based on their conserved domains. MEME analysis and multiple sequence alignment showed that conserved motifs exist in the sequence of HaCCO genes. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis of the HaCCO genes revealed the presence of multiple plant hormones and abiotic and biotic responsive elements in their promoters, suggesting that these genes might be responsive to plant hormones, developmental and drought stress, which could be utilized to develop more resilient crops. Genes belonging to the 9-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenases (NCED) subgroups predominantly exhibit chloroplast localization, whereas the genes found in other groups are primarily localized in the cytoplasm. These 21 identified HaCCOs were regulated by 60 miRNAs indicating the crucial role of microRNAs in gene regulation in sunflowers. Gene expression analysis under drought stress revealed significant up-regulation of HaNCED16 and HaNCED19 genes that provide pivotal role in ABA hormone biosynthesis. While during organ-specific gene expression analysis HaCCD12 and HaCCD20 genes exhibit higher activity in leaves, indicating a potential role in leaf pigmentation. These studies provide a foundation for future research on the regulation and functions of this gene family. It could potentially be utilized to develop molecular markers that could be used in breeding programs to develop new sunflower lines.
Retrospective clinical study on treatment of early femoral head necrosis with bone erosion pill combined with tonifying kidney and strengthening bone therapy
Authors: dengchen Li , xiaojun dong , ling mei
Published: September 2023

Objective: To retrospectively study the patients with early stage osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) and evaluate the clinical efficacy of "bone erosion" Pill combined with tonifying kidney and strengthening bone therapy in the treatment of this disease and explore its mechanism of action. Methods: A retrospective clinical study was used to collect the clinical data of patients who met the diagnostic criteria for early femoral head necrosis in Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to June 2023 (all cases were unilateral ischemic necrosis of femoral head). These patients were included in the treatment group (60 cases, 60 hips), and the control group (60 cases, 60 hips), and were required to insist on walking with a cane and non-weight-bearing exercise during the treatment. And any other medications or treatments associated with this treatment were discontinued as required. The patients in the two groups had been receiving treatment continuously for 12 months, and the clinical efficacy evaluation and imaging efficacy evaluation after treatment were recorded once every 3 months. Then statistical methods were used to study and analyze the obtained data, and the clinical and imaging effects of two groups were analyzed. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group ("bone erosion" Pill combined with Tonifying kidney and strengthening bone Method < Jintiange Capsule > in clinical efficacy) was higher than that of the control group (oral "bone erosion" Pill). Besides, the clinical and imaging efficacy scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: "bone erosion" Pill combined with Tonifying kidney and strengthening bone (Jintiange capsule) has significant curative effect in the treatment of early femoral head necrosis in patients with a course of six months or more, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Investigating the mechanism of auxin-mediated fulvic acid-regulated root growth in Oryza sativa through physiological and transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Tang Yi , Chen Ke , Guo Yanan , Liu Zhixuan , Yang Haona
Published: September 2023

Background
Rice is one of the most important staple dietary constituents worldwide, so improving cultivated rice yields is crucial for global food security. Fulvic acid (FA) is a plant growth promoter and organic fertilizer, and investigating its effects on rice root growth is of great practical significance for improving rice yield and quality.
Results
This study examined the effects of different FA concentrations on the growth of rice seedlings. Low FA concentrations (0.05 g/L) promoted rice seedling growth, whereas high FA concentrations (0.5 g/L) inhibited root growth, reduced cell activity and enzyme activity in the root tip, and accumulated reactive oxygen species in root cells. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed transcriptomic analysis and found that auxin (Aux) may participate in FA-mediated growth. Furthermore, transcriptome heatmap analysis showed a significant upregulation of the Aux/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family after FA treatment, suggesting that this gene family plays an important role in the effects of FA on root growth. Moreover, changes in endogenous Aux content and addition of exogenous Aux inhibitors confirmed the involvement of FA in rice seedling root growth and in the synthesis and transduction pathway of Aux.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the effects of FA on rice root growth may be achieved through the Aux synthesis and transduction pathway. We constructed a transcriptome landscape of the Aux synthesis and transduction pathway in FA-treated rice and identified a possible candidate gene family, IAA/Aux. These findings provide valuable clues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of FA on root growth in rice seedlings and offer new insights into the development of strategies for enhancing rice production.
Effect of low-intensity interval training on physical performance and blood parameters among junior handball players
Authors: Marai Rasmi , Triki Raoua , Hammami Amri , Bougrine Houda , Basma² Bellili , Abderrahman Abderraouf Ben
Published: September 2023

Aims: the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of low-intensity interval training program (LIIT) on physical fitness and blood parameters among junior handball players.
Methods: Thirty young players participated in this study and were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=15) which underwent a low-intensity interval training program, and a control group (n=15) which underwent a traditional training program. Blood parameters (hemoglobin (g/dl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH (pg), and hematocrit (%)) and physical capacities (flexibility, speed, endurance, agility, upper body muscle strength, and power) were evaluated before and after eight weeks of training in the two groups.
Results and Conclusions: At the beginning and end of the eight-week program, significant differences between the groups were observed. The experimental group exhibited better development compared to the control group in the following parameters: endurance (2.77%, p=0.03), speed (6.8%, p=0.001), power (17.09%, p=0.02), agility (4.22%, p=0.01), flexibility (29.25%, p=0.01), and upper body strength capacity (8.82%, p=0.02). The MCH was significantly higher in the experimental group (p=0.01). However, no significant differences were observed for hemoglobin and hematocrit (p>0.05). Our findings demonstrate that the low-intensity interval training intervention was more effective than the traditional program in improving physical parameters and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The suggested low-intensity interval training program could serve as a viable fitness strategy for aerobic sports.
Mapping Vaccine Names in Clinical Trials to Vaccine Ontology using Cascaded Fine-Tuned Domain-Specific Language Models
Authors: Li Jianfu , Li Yiming , Pan Yuanyi , Guo Jinjing , Sun Zenan , Li Fang , He Yongqun , Tao Cui
Published: September 2023

Background
Vaccines have revolutionized public health by providing protection against infectious diseases. They stimulate the immune system and generate memory cells to defend against targeted diseases. Clinical trials evaluate vaccine performance, including dosage, administration routes, and potential side effects. ClinicalTrials.gov is a valuable repository of clinical trial information, but the vaccine data in them lacks standardization, leading to challenges in automatic concept mapping, vaccine-related knowledge development, evidence-based decision-making, and vaccine surveillance.
Results
In this study, we developed a cascaded framework that capitalized on multiple domain knowledge sources, including clinical trials, Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), and the Vaccine Ontology (VO), to enhance the performance of domain-specific language models for automated mapping of VO from clinical trials. The Vaccine Ontology (VO) is a community-based ontology that was developed to promote vaccine data standardization, integration, and computer-assisted reasoning. Our methodology involved extracting and annotating data from various sources. We then performed pre-training on the PubMedBERT model, leading to the development of CTPubMedBERT. Subsequently, we enhanced CTPubMedBERT by incorporating SAPBERT, which was pretrained using the UMLS, resulting in CTPubMedBERT + SAPBERT. Further refinement was accomplished through fine-tuning using the Vaccine Ontology corpus and vaccine data from clinical trials, yielding the CTPubMedBERT + SAPBERT + VO model. Finally, we utilized a collection of pre-trained models, along with the weighted rule-based ensemble approach, to normalize the vaccine corpus and improve the accuracy of the process. The ranking process in concept normalization involves prioritizing and ordering potential concepts to identify the most suitable match for a given context. We conducted a ranking of the Top 10 concepts, and our experimental results demonstrate that our proposed cascaded framework consistently outperformed existing effective baselines on vaccine mapping, achieving 71.8% on top 1 candidate’s accuracy and 90.0% on top 10 candidate’s accuracy.
Conclusion
This study provides a detailed insight into a cascaded framework of fine-tuned domain-specific language models improving mapping of VO from clinical trials. By effectively leveraging domain-specific information and applying weighted rule-based ensembles of different pre-trained BERT models, our framework can significantly enhance the mapping of VO from clinical trials.
High caffeine intake as a risk factor for tooth loss: A Study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020
Authors: Chen Yu , Lin Lanling , Zhang Qian
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Tooth loss can have a wide range of adverse consequences on patients. Caffeine is the main active ingredient in the world's most popular beverages. This study aims to explore any possible connection between the two.
Methods: This study analyzed data from the NHANES collected from 2017 to March 2020. Multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between the caffeine intake and tooth loss. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was used to evaluate the significance of association.
Results: A total of 5,450 participants were finally included in the trial. Adjusted Multivariate logistic regression result showed that tooth loss was strongly linked with higher levels of caffeine intake (OR=1.74; 95% CI 1.40-2.17; p<0.001). Stratified logistic regression analysis showed that only in the subgroups of age (p=0.01) and PIR (p=0.02), the results showed statistical difference. Caffeine intake does not influence tooth loss in ≥ 60 group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, increased caffeine consumption may be a factor in tooth loss.
Application of Arnold’s Cat Map and Bülban Map for Image Encryption in Chaotic Cryptography
Authors: Attanayake Sarasi , Yapage Nihal
Published: September 2023

This study examines the use of chaos theory to image encryption by proposing a unique algorithm for image encryption based on two chaotic maps: Arnold’s CatMap and Bülban Map. The main objectives of this work areto propose an algorithm that encrypts images using chaotic maps efficiently and effectively and in addition, to comprehend the mathematical features of the two chaotic maps. The encryption algorithm was created using version 2017b of MATLAB. The effectiveness of the map was then calculating by evaluating the cross-correlation, vertical, horizontal, and diagonal correlations, entropy, PSNR, and elapsed encryption time of the encrypted image. Further, a key sensitivity investigation was conducted to determine the key’s force resistance. The correlation values that were significantly closer to 0 confirmed the effectiveness of the encryption algorithm for each image format. Higher entropy levelsand lower PSNR values indicate that the encryption algorithm is effective. In addition, the trial-and-error method was used to determine the parameter range in which the Bülban map will display chaotic features. Based on the findings obtained for encryption using the two maps independently and the suggested hybrid map, the optimal algorithm has been proposed. Utilizing both Arnold’s cat and Bülban maps with iteration number 170 for Arnold’s Cat Map increases the reliability of image encryption compared to using only one of them.
A blended module (STAIRS) to promote functional and personal recovery in patients with a major depressive disorder in remission: study protocol of a concurrent mixed methods randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wedema David , Wardenaar Klaas J. , Alma Manna A. , Asselt Antoinette D. I. , Korevaar Eliza L. , Schoevers Robert A.
Published: September 2023

Background Despite the availability of a wide variety of evidence-based treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), many patients still experience impairments in their lives after remission. Programs are needed that effectively support patients in coping with these impairments. The program Storytelling and Training to Advance Individual Recovery Skills (STAIRS) was developed to address this need and combines the use of peer contact, expert-by-experience guidance, family support and professional blended care. The aim of the planned study is (1) to assess the efficacy of the STAIRS program in patients with remitted MDD, (2) to investigate patients’ subjective experiences with STAIRS, and (3) to evaluate the program’s cost-effectiveness.Methods A concurrent mixed-methods randomized controlled trial design will be used. Patients aged between 18 and 65 years with remitted MDD (N = 140) will be randomized to either a group receiving care as usual (CAU) + the STAIRS-program or a control group receiving CAU + some basic psychoeducation. Quantitative efficacy data on functional and personal recovery and associated aspects will be collected using self-report questionnaires at the start of the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and at the six-month follow-up. Insights into patients’ experiences on perceived effects and the way in which different program elements contribute to this effect, as well as the usability and acceptability of the program, will be gained by conducting qualitative interviews with patients from the experimental group, who are selected using maximum variation sampling. Finally, data on healthcare resource use, productivity loss and quality of life will be collected and analysed to assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of the STAIRS-program.Discussion Well-designed recovery-oriented programs for patients suffering from MDD are scarce. If efficacy and cost-effectiveness are demonstrated with this study and patients experience the STAIRS program as usable and acceptable, this program can be a valuable addition to CAU. The qualitative interviews may give insights into what works for whom, which can be used to promote implementation.Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 1 July 2021, registration number NCT05440812.
Infrared: a declarative tree decomposition-powered framework for bioinformatics
Authors: Yao Hua-Ting , Marchand Bertrand , Berkemer Sarah J. , Ponty Yann , Will Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Motivation:
Many bioinformatics problems can be approached as optimization or controlled sampling tasks, and solved exactly and efficiently using Dynamic Programming (DP). However, such exact methods are typically tailored towards specific settings, complex to develop, and hard to implement and adapt to problem variations.
Methods:
We introduce the Infrared framework to overcome such hindrances for a large class of problems. Its underlying paradigm is tailored toward problems that can be declaratively formalized as sparse feature networks, a generalization of constraint networks. Classic Boolean constraints specify a search space, consisting of putative solutions whose evaluation is performed through a combination of features. Problems are then solved using generic cluster tree elimination algorithms over a tree decomposition of the feature network. Their overall complexities are linear on the number of variables, and only exponential on the treewidth of the feature network. For sparse feature networks, associated with low to moderate treewidths, these algorithms allow to find optimal solutions, or generate controlled samples, with practical empirical efficiency.
Results:
Implementing these methods, the Infrared software allows Python programmers to rapidly develop exact optimization and sampling applications based on a tree decomposition-based efficient processing. Instead of directly coding specialized algorithms, problems are declaratively modeled assets of variables over finite domains, whose dependencies are captured by constraints and functions. Such models are then automatically solved by generic DP algorithms. To illustrate the applicability of Infrared in bioinformatics and guide new users, we model and discuss variants of bioinformatics applications. We provide reimplementations (and extensions) for methods targeting RNA design, RNA sequence-structure alignment, parsimony-driven inference of ancestral traits in phylogenetic trees/networks, and coding sequence design demonstrate multidimensional Boltzmann sampling. Previous work together with novel results demonstrate the practical relevance of the framework, whose complexity is typically equivalent or better than specialized algorithms and implementations.
Availability:
Infrared is available at https://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~will/Software/Infrared with extensive documentation, including various usage examples and API reference; it can beinstalled using Conda or from source.
Lead Oxide-Modified Graphite Electrodes for Electrochemical Degradation of Congo Red Dye in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ohanele Emmanuela C. , Oguzie Emeka E. , Oguzie Kanayo L. , Ezema Fabian I.
Published: September 2023

Congo red dye (CR) dye in aqueous solution was decolorized by an electrolysis process using graphite and lead dioxide modified graphite (G/PbO2) as anode materials. The electrodeposited lead dioxide film was characterised by means of SEM EDS. Comparative performance assessment of the anode materials under different process parameters reveals that the lead dioxide film improved electro catalytic effect of the modified electrode. The adjustment of the deposition bath pH from 1.5 to 3 resulted to formation of uniform agglomeration and disappearance of particulates as well as the better adhesion of film to substrate. The degradation rate (DR) observed for the G/PbO2 was higher than for the unmodified graphite electrode. Increase in applied voltage from 25 to 30 V at 23mA/mm2, improved degradation efficiency (DE) from 84.7–91.32% for graphite and from 96.09–99.98% and for G/PbO2 respectively with 1 M KCl. The optimum degradation time of 45 mins was recorded for graphite anode system which reduced to 30 mins with G/PbO2 anode electrolytic cell. CR degraded to compounds with smalle r molecular weights and better stability as observed with GC MS analysis and computational total energy study respectively. The modification of the graphite electrode surface by electrodepositing PbO2 film improved the DE and optimum reaction time. These findings carry significant implications for the design of advanced electrocatalytic systems in environmental and wastewater treatment applications.
The Effect of Specific Antibiotic Subtypes on The Development of Childhood Disease
Authors: Chen Jessie , Choo-Kang Candice , Ni Jeffrey , Adam Kaavya , Watchmaker Brittney , Friedman Hannah , McGurn Andrew , Babinski Piotr , Markossian Talar , Boyd Bridget , Dugas Lara R.
Published: September 2023

Our study examines the relationship between antibiotic subtype, spectrum, and timing on the development of subsequent childhood disease. Our findings contribute to current knowledge on the effects of microbiome disruption by highlighting significant associations between antibiotic usage and the development of eczema and obesity. Notably, only eczema was linked to antibiotic use within the first year of life. When examining specific antibiotic subtypes, we discovered that broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, clindamycin) were associated with diseases in first-year-of-life and lifetime exposure groups. We suggest that broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt the developing gut microbiome, making children more susceptible to disease development and atopy. For instance, clindamycin use within the first year of life was significantly associated with eczema (OR = 4.21, p < 0.002, C.I = 1.92–9.1), and amoxicillin-clavulanate use correlated with asthma (OR = 1.97, p < 0.002, C.I = 1.31–2.93). In conclusion, this study emphasizes the significance of considering the antibiotic spectrum and its impact on the developing gut microbiome when studying antibiotic-disease relationships. Future research should further explore these complex mechanisms and guide more judicious antibiotic prescribing practices, especially during early childhood, to mitigate potential risks associated with antibiotic use.