bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polio eradication surveillance in Sri Lanka, 2019-2023
Authors: Fernando M.A.Y. , Madarasinghe N. S. , Rangana C. , Weerasinghe N. , Weligamage D.C.U.D. , Abeynayake J.I.
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the polio laboratory surveillance carried out from January, 2019 to May, 2023 by the Polio Regional Reference Laboratory, Sri Lanka.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed all stool samples received under the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) surveillance at Polio Regional Reference Laboratory, Sri Lanka from January, 2019 to May, 2023. The results of the testing methodologies were extracted from the laboratory data system, i.e., poliovirus virus isolation, intra-typic differentiation/VDPV real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (ITD/VDPV rRTPCR) and sequencing, along with the data on timing of reporting results, stool adequacy and socio-demographics. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

A total of 2141 stool samples from 1 644 cases were received for AFP surveillance from Sri Lanka (93.61%), Maldives (1.52%), and immunodeficient VDPV (4.86%) surveillance. Both polioviruses (19/1 644, 1.15%) and non-polio enteroviruses (73/1 644, 4.44%) were isolated, while Sabin-like 3 virus was detected in majority (12/19, 63.15%) among the poliovirus isolated. Wild polioviruses or circulating VDPVs were not detected among the cases. During all years of the study, the non-polio AFP detection rate was >1/100 000 in children aged less than 15 years, whereas stool adequacy rate was >80%. All results were reported within 14 days of receipt, ensuring timely reporting as per global guidelines.

Conclusions:

The Polio Regional Reference Laboratory, Sri Lanka plays a vital role in maintaining the polio-free status in the country through its robust laboratory surveillance, while adhering to the surveillance indicators. Non-detection of wild polioviruses and circulating VDPV during the study period reinforces the polio-free status in the country.
Comparison of Conventional and Digital Impression Methods for Measuring Mesiodistal Teeth Dimensions: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nguyen Le Lam , Le Khanh Phuong Vu , Le Trang Yen Thi , Do Thao Thi , Nguyen Tri Hoang Huy
Published: June 2024

Introduction: We aim to determine and compare the correlation between conventional and digital impression methods for measuring mesiodistal teeth dimensions. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on a total of 120 dental arch samples with less than 5 mm of tooth crowding, complete teeth on the dental arch, no missing teeth, and no fillings on the mesial or distal sides at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Conventional (extra-fast alginate) and digital impressions using a 3D intraoral scanner (CEREC Primescan) were taken from all participants, and the dimensions of the mesiodistal teeth were measured. Using R software, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between conventional and digital impression methods. Result: The pooled correlation for the maxilla was 0.8062 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7751–0.8334] (very strong positive correlation); for the mandibular, it was 0.7645 (95% CI: 0.7165–0.8054) (strong positive correlation), and for both jaws was 0.7863 (95% CI: 0.7581–0.8115) (strong positive correlation). Conclusion: In the Vietnamese population measurement of mesiodistal tooth width using a digital dental scanner can be used instead of conventional plaster models.
Nile Tilapia Skin-Derived Materials for Dental Application
Authors: Sridhar Lakshmi Priya , Jagannathan Raghunathan , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Asfari Joud , Balaji Thodur Madapusi , Altriny Qamar Alsayed , Varadarajan Saranya , Ibrahim Ateya Megahed , Altowerki Badr Abdulelah , Alluhaibi Sultan Thabet
Published: June 2024

The skin of Nile tilopia has gained attention in biomaterials science because of its low cost, abundance, and ability to recover from waste products of the fish industry. Nile tilapia skin can yield around 40% dry weight of type I highly biocompatible collagen. Nile tilopia collagen is used successfully for wound healing and hemostatic dressing. Collagen membranes and collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds derived from Nile tilapia skin are effectively employed for guided tissue regeneration. Future research is crucial to overcome limitations such as weak mechanical strength and cell compatibility.
Sculpting – A Modern Menace
Authors: Ojha Umesh C. , Kumar Sunil , Pal Ramesh S. , Gothi Dipti , Garg Pranzal , Yasaswini Ganjam , Patro Mahismita , Kumar Rahul , Malhotra Nipun
Published: June 2024

Background:

Sculpting is a common occupation in India. However, there have been no studies from India on sculpting-related silicosis.

Aims:

The aims of this study were to evaluate- 1. awareness of disease related to sculpting. 2. Clinical, radiological, and physiological parameters in “sculpting workers” suffering from silicosis.

Settings and Design:

This was a retrospective evaluation of data collected during compensation visits for silicosis in workers of the sculpting industries.

Methods and Material:

The data were collected between January 2021 to April 2023. A total of 114 patients were evaluated. All patients underwent clinical evaluation including awareness about the disease, chest radiography, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest, and spirometry.

Results:

The majority of patients (109) (95%) did not use any personal protective equipment while at work and did not have any awareness regarding preventive measures. On chest radiography, small opacities (rounded or irregular) and large opacities were seen in 84 (73.7%) and 26 (22.8%) patients, respectively. The size of large opacities was significantly proportionate with duration of job (P = 0.019). HRCT chest was more sensitive compared to chest radiographs. 94 (82.4%) patients were having abnormal spirometric findings.

Conclusions:

The benefits of prevention of silica dust exposure and patient education considerably outweigh the benefits of early detection and treatment of silicosis, as there was an increase in the size of lesions with increasing duration of exposure. There should be a national health program on silicosis to protect worker’s health.
The Relationship Between Polychlorinated and Polybrominated Biphenyls and Glycated Hemoglobin among Electronics Workers
Authors: Aly Hebatalla M. , Ibraheem Reham B. , Mahmoud Reem M. , Ismail Ahmed , Hussein Sarah M.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants classified as endocrine disruptors related to prediabetes and diabetes. Polybrominated biphenyls are similar in structure to PCBs and are used as flame retardants. Due to the increased worldwide prevalence of diabetes, there is increased interest in understanding the role of environmental and occupational pollutants in its development. The study aims to assess the relation between PCBs and PBBs in the serum of electronic workers and glycated hemoglobin level as an early indicator of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus among occupationally exposed workers.

Methods:

Blood samples were collected from 152 workers to assess PCBs (by GCMS), random blood sugar (RBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Participants were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of PCBs in their serum and were compared for RBS and HbA1c levels.

Results:

Only two participants had detectable PCB derivate in their serum by GCMS, PCB 1 with methyl and benzole side chains. Regarding PBBs, 18 participants (12%) had detectable PBBs in their serum by GCMS. All participants had RBS and HbA1c levels within the normal range. No statistically significant difference was found between mean levels of RBS and HbA1c between participants with detected biphenyls and those without.

Conclusion:

The banning of PCB use in industry and modern automated techniques have prevented exposure to PCBs among electronics workers. However, exposure to PBBs continues in electronic industries, but it has no association with diabetes or prediabetes.
Frequency of Non-strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies among Optometrists in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Southern India
Authors: Bhowmick Amit , Kumar P Praveen , Ratra Dhanashree
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

Lifestyle in the modern era has drastically changed across the globe, and the healthcare profession was no exception. The increased time spent in the virtual space for various purposes, including online classes and webinars, is hypothesized to increase the risk of vision-related disorders such as asthenopia, dry eyes, and visual fatigue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fusional vergence and ocular accommodation among optometry professionals in a tertiary eye care center during the immediate post-coronavirus disease 2019 (post-COVID-19) lockdown period.

Methods:

Optometrists posted in the general out-patient department, specialty clinics, and the ocular diagnostics department were included in the study. A total of 65 optometrists were included in the study. All optometrists underwent a comprehensive binocular vision assessment. Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey questionnaires were administered to all optometrists at the beginning of the assessment.

Results:

Out of 65 optometrists, 48 (73.8%) were women. The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 24 (3) years. Eleven (16.9%) optometrists had normal binocular vision parameters, and the rest 54 (83.1%) had non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies. Reduced accommodative facility and convergence insufficiency were seen among 43 (66.2%) optometrists, whereas 30 (46.2%) had reduced accommodative facility alone. Twelve (18.5%) participants were symptomatic as per the convergence insufficiency symptom survey.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the fact that a large proportion of optometrists have undetected non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies in a tertiary eye care center. It is important for eye care professionals to undergo regular binocular vision assessments in association with ophthalmic examinations and relevant management. This will ensure that these dysfunctions do not impede work productivity and overall quality of life.
An Exploratory Study on Self-Reported Auditory Symptoms and Hearing Loss among Workers in a Small-Scale LPG Plant
Authors: Chand Arya , Manoharan Asha , Kumari L Rejitha
Published: June 2024

Background:

Occupational noise is considered a factor contributing to acquired hearing loss (HL) in adults. Frequent noise exposure can cause cochlear damage, leading to sensorineural HL, tinnitus, vertigo, and other non auditory effects as well. Although it is well known that liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plants in India have become a workplace source for occupational noise pollution exposure, there are not many studies that probe into the auditory effects of workplace noise in LPG plants.

Aim:

The study aims to document HL and self reported otological symptoms in employees with occupational noise exposure at a typical LPG plant in a suburban location in India. 53 employees who reported workplace noise exposure were assessed for HL and self reported auditory symptoms.

Method:

Self reported symptoms were collected using a custom made case history questionnaire, and auditory sensitivity was measured using air conduction audiometers.

Results:

Among the 53 participants, 27 tested positive for HL. A mild degree of HL was frequently observed, followed by a moderate and severe degree of HL. In the self reported otological complaints reported by 31 participants, HL and aural fullness were the most commonly reported auditory symptoms. Additionally, the use of ear protection devices and hearing conservation practices among the participants were poor.

Conclusion:

Hearing loss and self-reported auditory symptoms were present in the study group indicating the effect of occupational noise in the auditory system.
Successful Desensitization in a Patient with Donor-Specific Antibodies Persisting after Pretransplant Immunosuppression Using Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Plasma Exchange
Authors: Kapoor Rohit , Pandey Prashant , Pande Amit , Dhingra Nivedita , Gaur Lovy , Garg Sugam , Khare Akriti , Kaul Esha
Published: June 2024

The use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide has revolutionized the field of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The impact has been especially enhanced in low- and middle-income countries. Unrelated donor pool in developing nations is often limited due to the lack of large unrelated donor registries. Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are preformed immunoglobulin G anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies against HLA antigens that are not shared with the donor. We present successful desensitization in a 13-year-old patient with class III β-thalassemia with very high MFI DSAs with flow crossmatch positivity, persisting after pretransplant immunosuppression.
Organ Donation: Willingness, Attitude, and Knowledge among General Population of Western India – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prajapati Devarsh , Verma Mamtarani , Balusamy Divakar
Published: June 2024

Background:

The issue of organ donation is complex and multifactorial involving ethical, legal, medical, organizational, and societal factors. There is a wide gap between the required number of donations and actual donations in India. There is a need to identify the reasons for this wide gap from the community perspective.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done among relatives of patients attending the outpatient department at a tertiary care center. Data were collected using a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire. For the assessment of knowledge, relevant questions were asked. Attitude toward organ donation was assessed using 22 items on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were entered into Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software. Average knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were calculated and compared with religion, gender, and other sociodemographic variables. A Chi-square test of association was applied between sociodemographic variables and their willingness to sign the donor card. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Their suggestions for improving organ donation practices were also documented.

Results:

The average knowledge score among participants was 8.06. Good, average, and poor attitude toward organ donation were found among 3 (0.77%), 339 (87.37%), and 46 (11.86%) participants, respectively. Good, average, and poor practice toward organ donation were observed among 1 (0.26%), 65 (16.75%), and 322 (82.98%) participants, respectively.

Discussion:

When deciding whom to donate their organs, 156 (40.21%) said that the health status of the recipient and his/her chances of survival will be the most important factor. Age and poor health status were the major barriers toward organ donation among participants. Still, many participant’s motivation toward organ donation was that they want to help others and 190 (49.0%) participants were willing to be part of awareness group and promote organ donation activity in the society. Solving their barriers/reasons for refusing organ donation may help to improve organ donation in the society.

Conclusion:

Knowledge has an impact on changing person’s attitude and practice; even our study has shown significant results of association between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice as well as attitude to their practice toward organ donation. Age and poor health status were the major barriers toward organ donation among participants.
Salvaging External Iliac Artery Dissection during Renal Transplant: A Case Series
Authors: Varghese Neethu , Hafeeq Benil , Gopinathan Jyotish Chalil
Published: June 2024

External iliac artery dissection is a rare and reversible but serious complication of renal transplant that may ultimately lead to loss of kidney and lower limb. The exact cause of dissection is not known but atherosclerosis, imperfect suturing techniques, and clamp trauma are associated with increased risk. Here, we report three successful cases of vascular repair of external iliac artery dissection during renal transplant by Dacron interposition graft and reanastomosis.
Renal Transplant in a Patient with Extensive Thrombosis of Inferior Vena Cava and Bilateral Iliofemoral Veins
Authors: Bagle Aparna , Sharan M. , Hannurkar Poonam
Published: June 2024

A 43-year-old male diagnosed with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis with extensive thrombosis in the inferior vena cava and bilateral iliofemoral vein underwent renal transplantation at our institute. Thrombosis in the major vein can have serious consequences for the success of the transplantation. The common anastomosing vein during renal transplantation is the right external iliac vein, but due to extensive thrombosis, left native nephrectomy with the orthotopic placement of the donor kidney was done. During surgery, the donor renal vein was anastomosed with the left renal vein, and the donor renal artery was anastomosed with the aorta. Postsurgery, the creatinine level showed a progressive decline over time and the patient was discharged home.
Intraoperative Renal Artery Thrombosis of the Transplanted Kidney Secondary to Intimal Injury
Authors: Nerli Rajendra B. , Uplenchwar Saurabh , Shetty Guruprasad , Patil Shivraj , Rai Shreyas , Patel Keyur , Saldanha Richard , Ghagane Shridhar C. , Lote Radha , Rao Shweta
Published: June 2024

Vascular complications after renal transplantation are rare, however, they are serious surgical complications. Intimal tears in the renal arteries can result from iatrogenic injuries. These injuries can occur due to crushing injuries of the intima secondary to the use of improper vascular clamps, mishandling of the vessels, and use of traumatic infusion/perfusion needles or devices. It is important to recognize these intimal injuries so that corrective measures can be undertaken immediately and avoid vascular complications. We report a case of renal artery thrombosis secondary to intimal injury leading to intraoperative poor blood flow across the anastomosis which was promptly recognized and corrected leading to successful salvage of the transplanted kidney.
Antibody-mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplant: An Unmastered Area
Authors: Valavoor Shahul , Anand Manish , Govil Amit
Published: June 2024

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains a significant cause of allograft failure in patients with kidney transplantation. Despite successful strategies to treat ABMR, irreversible injury in the form of transplant glomerulopathy commonly manifests months to years later. Treatment for ABMR is not standardized, and treatment guidelines vary among different transplant centers. The outcomes for patients at risk for ABMR have not significantly changed over the years. This is largely because of an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of injury responsible for different phenotypes of ABMR. Establishing relevant surrogate endpoints to facilitate more informative studies will likely allow for a more accurate determination of prognosis and pave the way for new and effective therapeutic approaches. This article aims to summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of injury in ABMR and highlight current diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies.
A Remarkable Journey of Porcine to Human Xenotransplantation
Authors: Sharma Dhruva , Subramaniam Krishnan Ganapathy
Published: June 2024

Xenotransplantation of pig hearts offers a potential solution to the scarcity of available human organs for transplantation. This abstract explores the challenges and risks associated with xenotransplantation, as well as the ongoing research and development efforts aimed at overcoming these obstacles. The primary hurdle in pig-to-human heart transplantation is immunological compatibility, as the human immune system perceives pig organs as foreign and mounts a rejection response. Genetic engineering techniques are being investigated to modify pig organs and enhance compatibility with the human immune system. In addition, the risk of cross-species disease transmission, known as xenozoonosis, poses another concern. Researchers are actively working to identify and address these risks to ensure the safety of xenotransplantation. Although xenotransplantation of pig hearts is still in the experimental stage and not widely performed in clinical settings, numerous preclinical studies and clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the procedure. This abstract emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and development in the field, highlighting the potential of xenotransplantation as a viable solution for the organ shortage crisis. Ultimately, further advancements are necessary before xenotransplantation of pig hearts can be established as a routine clinical procedure.
Rhabdomyolysis and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in a Postrenal Transplant Patient: Is Desidustat a Culprit?
Authors: Shah Shivam Narendrakumar , Patel Himanshu , Kute Vivek , Banerjee Subho , Singh Ved Prakash , Parmar Vishal , Patel Dev , Chauhan Sanshriti , Mishra Vineet
Published: June 2024

We report a case of a 46-year-old female – a postrenal transplant patient, having developed rhabdomyolysis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), after 2.5 months of desidustat initiation – for anemia. Post renal transplant anemia (PTA) is common among renal transplant recipients. Apart from treating it with iron supplements, folic acid, andrecombinant human erythropoietin (EPO), novel agents like hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylase domain (HIF–PHI) are also used, with a very few studies available on its efficacy and safety in PTA patients. Anemia occurring in the first 6 months is called early PTA – occurring most commonly due to iron deficiency, while anemia occurring after 6 months is called late PTA – associated with impaired graft function. The optimal target of hemoglobin in transplant recipients is 12.5–13 gm/dl, which is higher than targets in chronic kidney disease patients. NMS is a life-threatening emergency – mainly seen in patients on antipsychotic medications. It needs to be differentiated from other closely related conditions such as central nervous system infections (meningitis and encephalitis), tetanus, heatstroke, serotonin syndrome, and thyrotoxicosis. Desidustat is an oral HIF–PHI that stimulates erythropoiesis by preventing EPO degradation. Its adverse effects include high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, heart failure, high potassium, and dizziness; however, there is only one case report of rhabdomyolysis associated with desidustat, and none of NMS. It is, therefore, important to be aware of this potential severe side effect of the drug that was not known earlier so that practicing physicians can be vigilant of the same.
Second-degree Burns Treated with Homeopathic Medicine Cantharis
Authors: Maheswari M. S. Uma , Maalolan S. , Sisir P. R. , Mahadevi A. L.
Published: June 2024

Burn injuries are among the most fascinating and difficult cases that arise in everyday clinical practice. We present the case of a 10-year-old kid who sustained an unintentional second-degree partial-thickness burn injury. The youngster experienced discomfort and burning at the impact site, in addition to limited movement. Cantharis 200 was given to him internally; glycerine lotion was applied externally; and a dilution of Cantharis 200 was used for dressing. The patient showed notable improvement in just 6 weeks, as demonstrated by the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) score of 9, which indicated relevance in treatment outcome.
Assessing the Role of Salivary Alpha-Amylase in Dental Caries in Children aged 6–9 Years – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Surana Monika , Shah Vandana , Acharya Dhruval S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Salivary alpha-amylase is an enzymatic powerhouse, breaking down starch in food and whisking it away from the oral cavity. Its presence in the acquired enamel pellicle hints at involvement in the adhesion of α-amylase-binding bacteria. This study delves into the impact of salivary alpha-amylase in children with varying caries statuses, aiming to understand its correlation with the severity of dental caries.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to determine the relation between salivary alpha-amylase levels in children with dental caries.

Material and Methods:

Ninety children in the age range from 6 to 9 years were enrolled. The caries status is assessed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. Each participant provided unstimulated whole saliva samples, which were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min to eliminate debris. Alpha-amylase concentration was estimated using Auto-analyzer (ERBA EM-200).

Results:

The mean values of salivary α-amylase were 4.2% higher in girls than in boys. The salivary α-amylase levels were found to increase slightly from the control group to the caries group though statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusions:

Although salivary α-amylase levels not showed a statistical significance correlation to dental caries, it does throw a light on the biochemical aspect of salivary alpha-amylase correlated to other factors, influencing dental caries such as gender, dietary preferences, adverse oral habits, and hormonal influence.
A Study on Subjective Aerodynamic Measurement among the Gujarati-speaking Healthy Adults in West Cost India
Authors: Sheena  , Thomar Manasvi , Vishwakarma Arjun , Sinha Parthib
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The adequate respiratory functions are important for lifesaving like breathing, and communications such as vocalization in speech productions, and additionally, it supports for airway protective mechanisms by strengthening the protective cough. The maximum phonation duration (MPD) and maximum utterance of /s/, /Z/ and its ratio are the important aerodynamic parameters that indicate the respiratory functions and its impact on breathing, vocalization as well as protective mechanism.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to review and contrast the results of subjective aerodynamic assessments of maximum phonation time/duration and S/Z ratio in seconds among Gujarati-speaking healthy adult populations.

Objective:

The current study attempted to construct the normalization of MPD and S/Z Ratio for both males and females.

Results:

Mean MPD for males was greater than females, whereas s/z ratio for males and females was around 0.97 s.

Conclusion:

By developing normative statistics among Gujarati-speaking adult populations for both genders, it will be possible to utilize them as a reference for clinical diagnosis and for an intervention program for people with respiratory issues and other voice diseases.
Necrotizing Fasciitis of the External Auditory Canal: A Rare Complication of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Adamu Auwal , Kirfi Abdullahi Musa , Gwalabe Sabiu Abdu , Fufore Mohammed Bello , Mahmud Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) are still prevalent in developing countries, with some of the patients presenting with rare complications. CSOM can affect the external auditory canal (EAC) in different ways, and the most common affectation is EAC stenosis or atresia. Manifesting with necrotizing fasciitis of the EAC is extremely rare. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature, and none was from otitis media. In this article, we reported a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis of the EAC from CSOM in a malnourished child.
Effect of 8-week Abdominal Core Endurance Training on Shoulder Pain and Function in Patients with Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Shetty Mamta , Laxman Aditi , Bhadra Nirali
Published: June 2024

Background:

The focus of this study is to report the influence of core muscle endurance training on shoulder pain and function.

Materials and Methods:

Participants (n = 60) were randomly divided into two groups: group A (core rehabilitation group) and Group B (conventional group). The participants were assessed for shoulder pain using the Numerical Rating Scale, shoulder range of motion using a universal goniometer, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and core muscle strength using pressure biofeedback pre- and postintervention.

Results:

There was a significant reduction in shoulder pain in both the groups (P = 0.00), with mean pain scores of 37.67 years in Group A and 39 years in Group B. There was a significant increase in core muscle endurance in Group A (P = 0.00) as compared to Group B. The shoulder function as measured by SPADI score improved significantly in Group A (P = 0.00) as compared to Group B, with mean scores of 20.40 in Group A and 31.90 in Group B.

Conclusion:

Findings from the present study report that the addition of abdominal core muscle endurance training in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy was effective as compared to conventional exercises only for improving the shoulder function.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Pediatric Dentists Regarding Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 in Children: An Electronic Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Shah Arpita , Dave Bhavna , Bargale Seema , Deshpande Anshula , Poonacha K. S. , Kariya Pratik
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Pediatric dentists play a role in the prevention of the communicable diseases such as COVID-19 and in the identification and referral of those children. There are concerns about the identification, referral, diagnosis, and treatment of oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children.

Aim:

To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among pediatric dentists regarding oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children.

Materials and Methods:

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey included 255 registered pediatric dentists at Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. They were E-mailed an E-questionnaire with the help of Google Forms portal including informed consent and 16 formulated questions assessing the KAP among pediatric dentists regarding oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children. Incomplete forms were not accepted. The response was awaited for a period of 3 months. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and Chi-square analysis.

Results:

Sixty-three percent of the population had knowledge about all the oral manifestations of COVID-19 seen in children. Sixty percent were unsure about scheduling the next dental appointment for such patients. 48.3% of pediatric dentists could not prescribe medications for oral manifestations of COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Pediatric dentist could identify and diagnose the oral manifestations of COVID-19 and its associated complications however were unsure of treatment modalities as there is limited evidence for definitive treatment regarding the same. Clinical protocols concerning treatment for oral manifestations due to COVID-19 should be well established and practiced.
Role of Evidence based Management of Ayurveda Medicines in Insomnia: A Critical Review
Authors: Irshad Nazia , Singh Naimish Raj , Varsakiya Jitendra Kumar , Kumari Pooja , Kathad Divyarani
Published: June 2024

A person with insomnia has trouble falling asleep or gets insufficient, poor-quality sleep. They might experience frequent nighttime awakenings with difficulty going back asleep and early morning wakefulness. It is common in older adults, females, students, and people with medical illness. The aim is to analyze and review the published clinical studies conducted on insomnia to assess the effectiveness of Ayurvedic remedies for the management of insomnia. For this review, the literature has been searched using databases such as Medline, PubMed, NLM, Ayush Research Portal, and many others. All randomized controlled trials involving individuals with insomnia, utilizing Ayurvedic herbs either alone or in combination and Panchakarma procedures (processes of detoxifying and purifying the body) with an exposure period of ≥7 days, and with the primary outcome being the improvement in sleep quality, were included. This review includes 16 clinical trials, among them Mansyadi Kwath (decoction made up of Jatamamsi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Linn.) and Parsik Yvani (Hyoscyamus niger Linn.), Aswagandha (W. somnifera Linn.), Jatamansi (N. jatamansi DC), Tagar (Valeriana wallichii DC.), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn.), Gud Pippali Churna (powder of jaggery and root of Piper longum Linn.), Jatipatri Ksheerpaka (milk decoction of Myristica fragrans Houtt.), Insomrid tablet (tablet made up of 5 drugs named Jatamamsi, Ashwagandha, Parsik Yvani (H. niger Linn.), Tagar (Valeriana wallichii DC.), and Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina Benth.) and Shirodhara (~slowly and steadily dripping medicated liquids on the forehead) are found effective in the treatments of insomnia according to these studies. This research serves as secondary data for further studies and the medication are described here have the ability to manage insomnia with very minimal or no side effects. These drugs are also cost-effective and nonaddictive.
Burnout in Physiotherapy Students of Ahmedabad: An Observational Study
Authors: Jain Anjali , Sheth Megha
Published: June 2024

Background:

Burnout is a syndrome recorded as resulting from chronic workplace burdens that are not successfully managed. Physiotherapy students report high levels of daily hassles, workload, and lack of manageability and understanding throughout their university years. Burnout has been noted in medical students and physiotherapy teachers. Therefore, there is a need to study burnout in physiotherapy students.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to discover burnout in physiotherapy students using the Oldenberg burnout inventory (OLBI).

Setting and Design:

A survey of physiotherapy students of Ahmedabad was done through Google Forms.

Materials and Methods:

Data were obtained from 300 students using convenience sampling. Participants’ age, gender, and year of study were asked, and burnout was assessed using OLBI.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive analysis was done, and the Chi-square test was applied between burnout and gender, year of study, and physical activity.

Results:

Three hundred students with a mean age of (20.95 ± 2.05) years participated in the study, including 234 (78%) females and 66 (22%) males. A total of 239 (79.67%) undergraduate students and 61 (20.33%) postgraduate students participated in the study. The mean OLBI score is (38.71 ± 4.95). The mean exhaustion score is (19.14 ± 2.77) and mean disengagement score is (19.57 ± 2.73). The Chi-square analysis showed no significant impact of participant gender (χ2 (1) = 36.211, P = 0.167) and year of study (χ2 (1) = 162.060, P = 0.732) but a significant impact of physical activity (χ2 (1) = 44.977, P = 0.030) on the burnout in the sample.

Conclusion:

There is medium burnout present in physiotherapy students of Ahmedabad.
A Newly Formulated Vinyl Polysiloxane Impression Material with Improved Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ling Long , Lai Theresa , Malyala Raj
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim:

To evaluate the mechanical properties of a newly formulated vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression material.

Materials and Methods:

Experimental, Capture (S&C Polymer), Express, Imprint 3 and Imprint 4 (3M ESPE), Start VPS (Danville), Honigum (DMG), Virtual (Ivoclar Vivadent), Elite HD+ (Zhermack) were evaluated for tear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break. Un-nicked specimens with a 90° angle on one side (type C) for tear strength were prepared and tested according to ASTM-D624. Dumbbell-shaped specimens (type 1) for tensile strength and elongation at break were prepared and tested according to ISO 37. All tests were carried out at 500 mm/min on a Shimadzu (AGS-X-10 KN-table top) tester. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Experimental material showed significantly higher or higher tear strength and elongation at break compared to other impression materials for both light body (LB) and heavy body (HB). For tensile strength, Experimental is similar to most impression materials; however, significantly lower than Imprint 3 and Start VPS for LB. This parameter for HB is higher or significantly higher than other impression materials except Start VPS. Tear strength and tensile strength were not correlated for LB but have a weak or moderate correlation for HB. Elongation at break is inversely proportional to tensile strength moderately for LB; however, there is no or very weak relation for HB.

Conclusions:

Experimental VPS impression material demonstrated a significantly higher tear strength and adequate tensile strength with higher elongation compared to other commercially available VPS impression materials. Adequate mechanical properties can provide accurate impressions for successful clinical fabrication of restorations. Experimental VPS impression material is suitable for use in dental impressions for fabrication of restorations.
Effect of Different Electroconductive Root Canal Irrigations on the Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Yahya Eman M. , Alchalabi Ashraf S. , Alkhalidi Emad Farhan
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim:

An accurate working length (WL) estimation is fundamental to a successful endodontic therapy. The objective of this comparative in vitro research was to investigate the performance of iPex II and the Root ZX Mini electronic apex locators (EALs) in measuring root canal WL with different irrigant solutions and their relation to the electrical conductivity of irrigation solutions.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy sound permanent lower premolar teeth, each with a single root and developed apices, were used. Under an X15 stereomicroscope, the real working length was determined with the aid of a #10 file. After that, teeth were placed into an alginate model, and the iPex II and Root ZX Mini were used for the detection of electronic working length with various irrigants. Seventy teeth were randomly distributed into seven groups, 10 per each group (group I: dry canal; group II: distilled water; group III: ozonated water; group IV: 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group V: 2% chlorhexidine, group VI: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and group VII: 17% EDTA gel). The difference in WL was calculated by deducting real working length from its electronic working length. The study also evaluates the electrical conductivity of the seven endodontic irrigant solutions. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Statistically, neither both types of EALs (P = 0.088) nor various irrigating solutions with varying electrical conductivities (P = 0.099) significantly affect the accuracy of EL estimation.

Conclusions:

There were no significant differences between the accuracy of the Root ZX Mini and the iPex II. The accuracy of both apex locators is unaffected in the presence of various irrigation solutions with varying electrical conductivities in this research.
Role of microRNAs in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Agnihotri Rupali , Gaur Sumit , Bhat Subraya Giliyar
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim:

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, exhibits a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis (PD), and recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with their progression. This review aims to assess the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DM-associated PD and their plausible application as a biomarker for PD in individuals with DM.

Materials and Methods:

The search conducted until September 2023 on Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science using the keywords “microRNA,” “miRNA,” or “miR,” combined with “Diabetes” and “PD” yielded 100 articles. Only research focusing on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DM-associated PD and their potential application as biomarkers for both conditions were included. Finally, 14 studies were assessed for any bias, and the collected data included study design, sample size, participant groups, age, sample obtained, PD severity, miRNAs examined, clinical and biochemical parameters related to DM and PD, and primary outcomes.

Results:

In vivo studies indicated altered expression of miRNAs-146a, -146b, -155, -200b, -203, and -223, specifically in the comorbid subjects with both conditions. Animal, ex vivo, and in vitro studies demonstrated altered expression of miRNAs-126, -147, -31, -25-3p, -508-3p, -214, 124-3p, -221, -222, and the SIRT6-miR-216/217 axis. These miRNAs impact innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity, thereby promoting periodontal destruction in DM. miRNA-146a emerges as a reliable biomarker of PD in DM, whereas miRNA-155 is a consistent predictor of PD in subjects without DM.

Conclusions:

miRNAs exert influence on immuno-inflammation in DM-associated PD. Although they can be biomarkers of PD and DM, their clinical utility is hindered by the absence of standardized tests to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, there has been limited exploration of the role of miRNAs in DM-associated PD through human studies. Future clinical trials are warranted to address this gap, focusing on standardizing sample collection, miRNA sources, and detection methods. This approach will enable the identification of specific miRNAs for DM-associated PD.
Noncommunicable disease incidence and mortality in Chandigarh Union Territory, 2018–2019: Findings from the Chandigarh Noncommunicable Disease Registry
Authors: Thakur J. S. , Kaur Rajbir , Paika Ronika , Malhotra Pankaj , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Kapoor Rakesh , Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Khurana Dheeraj
Published: June 2024

Context:

The Chandigarh Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Registry was set up in 2018 to assess the burden of major NCDs and inform the planning of public health and clinical interventions.

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to assess the burden of NCDs in Chandigarh.

Settings and Design:

The cross-sectional study design includes data from government and private facilities, pathology laboratories, birth, and death registrar offices catering to urban and rural Chandigarh.

Subjects and Methods:

It collects data of young diabetes, stroke, acute cardiac events, aplastic anemia, and cancer patients using a structured questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The study reports a descriptive analysis of case distribution, done using SPSS version 23. MS Excel 2016 was used to produce graphical illustrations and calculate age-adjusted rates using the world standard population.

Results:

During July 2018–December 2019, 3721 (incident and death) cases were recorded for cancer (n = 2414, 64.9%), acute cardiac events (n = 1034, 27.8%), stroke (n = 231, 6.2%), young diabetes (n = 28, 0.8%), and aplastic anemia (n = 14, 0.4%). The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000 population) were calculated for cancer (males: 102.6 and 62.0; females: 100.8 and 52.9), acute cardiac events (males: 47.1; females: 21.7 and 28.8), and stroke (males: 7.5 and 8.5; females: 13.1 and 21.8). Study participants were exposed to tobacco and alcohol consumption. Positive family history was reported by 40% of the registered patients.

Conclusions:

An integrated model of the NCD registry is feasible and can yield evidence in low-resource settings for secondary prevention to achieve global targets for reducing risk factors and premature mortality due to NCDs.
Levels of health expenditure and payment coping mechanisms for persons living with diabetes and hypertension both singly and in comorbidity in Enugu, Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Chinyere Nkiruka , Obikeze Eric Nwabuike , Young Ekenechukwu Esther , Onwujekwe Obinna Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Context:

The burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) both singly and in comorbidity has gained increased attention, especially in developing countries and this has great socioeconomic consequences. In Nigeria, the prevalence of both diseases is known to be increasing, while government health expenditure (HE) is not.

Aim:

The study examined the levels of expenditure and payment coping mechanisms for persons living with diabetes and HTN both singly and in comorbidity in Enugu, Nigeria.

Methods:

The study was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study done among patients attending the medical outpatient clinics. HTN and DM are the two noncommunicable diseases that were considered in this study. Data were separated into those with diabetes, HTN, or both. A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic characteristics was done. Analysis was done by estimating the direct and indirect costs. The catastrophic HE was also conducted. The mean, Chi-square, and P value were calculated in each group to assess differences in association.

Results:

Respondents were 817 with a mean age of 62.3 years. Respondents’ mean monthly income after food expenditure was N39465.43 ($129.0). One month earlier, 36.5%, 32.4%, and 31.1% of respondents spent more than 10% of their income on diabetes, HTN and in comorbidity, respectively, while in the current visit, 43.2%, 22.8%, and 32.0% of respondents spend more than 10% of their income on diabetes, HTN, and in comorbidity, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study shows that out-of-pocket is a major method of payment for diabetes and HTN. Therefore, the two diseases need to be included in the national safety net.
Morbidity and mortality after elective cancer surgery—How does recent Covid-19 infection impact outcome: A prospective, comparative study
Authors: Hemrajani Manisha , Mongia Pooja , Gupta Pushplata , Joad Anjum K.
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:

Post-Covid-19 cancer patients are likely to have poor postoperative outcomes following cancer surgeries. This is mainly because of the coexisting risk factors unique to cancer patients like immunosuppression, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy-induced risk of infection and malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative morbidity in cancer patients with and without a history of Covid infection.

Material and Methods:

This was a prospective observational study. Subjects were divided into post-Covid 19 (PC) and non-Covid 19 (NC) groups based on the history of SARS CoV2. Preoperative data including details of past Covid infection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, comorbidity index, Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (P-POSSUM) score, and nutritional indices were recorded for patients undergoing elective cancer surgery. Thirty-day postoperative morbidity, mortality was recorded.

Results:

Of the total patients (n = 414), 109 had postoperative complications (26.33%), reported to be higher in the PC group (33.87%) than the NC (25%) (P value: 0.19). Pulmonary complications were commonest with higher incidence in PC (25.8%) group (P value: 0.001). It was 40% in 2–4 weeks after Covid 19 diagnosis reducing to 18% and 25% in 4–8 weeks and 8–12 weeks, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 0.72%. P-POSSUM morbidity score was similar between the two groups. (PC: 38.30 ± 19.4; Covid negative 37.8 ± 16.7 P value 0.84). Old age, hypothyroidism, and low Prognostic nutritional index were associated with a higher incidence of complications.

Conclusions:

Cancer patients with a history of Covid infection undergoing elective surgery are at a higher risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.