bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a mixed exercise program on physical and cognitive condition: Differences between older adults with and without dementia
Authors: Vazini Taher A. , Skrypchenko I.T. , Shuba V.V.
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of a training protocol on physical and cognitive condition in a sample of individuals dwelling in a health care center for older persons. Material: A 12 weeks mixed motor cognitive training with 8 weeks follow up was performed by 20 individuals with dementia and 20 individuals with intact cognitive state (mean age= 76 ± 7). Main outcome measures included body mass index, performance-oriented balance, frailty, performance in daily activities and mental abilities. Results: At post intervention tests performance-oriented balance improved in both group. There was also a reduction in BMI in the normal group. These changes lasted after 8 weeks of no training. Analysis over time and between groups after the intervention showed a significant change in FR test (p=0.001). Performance-oriented balance was improved in both groups regardless to initial cognitive state and somehow it was affected more in cognitively intact individuals. Conclusion: Although these findings support the dominant effect of our training protocol on physical aspects, the benefits of training on cognition is not decisive.
On the Same Page: Building Best Practices of Peer Coaching for Medical Educators Using Nominal Group Technique
Authors: Bell Adriane , Meyer Holly , Maggio Lauren
Published: April 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Peer coaching is a faculty development approach that improves teaching practice. Elements include peer observation of teaching, feedback, and collegial exchange. Peer coaching supports reflection on teaching, cultivates workplace learning, and fosters learning cultures. Yet, limited resources are available to guide faculty developers in designing and implementing peer coaching initiatives. This gap may lead to initiatives that fail to optimize teaching effectiveness. Methods: The authors convened a focus group of seven participant experts, via video-teleconference, to arrive at consensus on best practices of peer coaching for medical educators. The focus group utilized Nominal Group Technique, a consensus building methodology. Process steps included an introduction, silent idea generation, idea sharing, group discussion, and voting. Consensus was reached with over 50% agreement. Data were qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis, and quotes were extracted to support the identification of best practices. Results: Seventeen best practices were identified. All participant experts recommended a framework for the peer observation process including a pre-observation meeting and post-observation debrief. The participant experts stressed the importance of confidentiality and behaviorally-based feedback. To promote collegial exchange, most agreed peer coaching should be a formative process conducted in an environment that is safe and nonthreatening. Finally, peer coaching should be supported at multiple levels within an organization. Conclusion: Expert consensus generated 17 best practices of peer coaching for medical educators that optimize teaching effectiveness. The results provide a practical resource for faculty developers. Future researchers should explore common pitfalls and barriers to the implementation of peer coaching initiatives from the perspectives of academic leadership, peer coaches, and observed educators.
Effects of interface strength on damage to railway slab–track joints under temperature rise
Authors: Liu Xiaokai , Xiao Jieling , Zhang Wenhao , Qin Hongpei , Liu Xueyi
Published: April 2019

To study the effect of interface strength on the damage of railway slab–track joints, a finite-element model of slab joint damage was established based on the cohesive zone model. The damage behaviour of slab joints with two interfaces was analysed, and the effect of the interface strength between slab joint and slab and between asphalt cement mortar and slab on slab joint damage was studied. The specimens were designed to determine the interface properties. It was found that breakage of the narrow joint and fracture at the junction between the broad joint and narrow joint were the main damage patterns of the slab joint. The effect of the interface strength between the slab joint and slab was obvious. The interface strength should be elevated by better preparation of the contacting faces before pouring. Improving the interface strength between the mortar layer and slab cannot effectively reduce the damage.
Dynamics of endothelian function in different treatment strategies in stable ischemic heart disease
Authors: Sayganov Sergey A. , Kuzmina-Krutetskaia Anastasiia M.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To assess the dynamics of endothelial function by determining circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood in patients with stable ischemic heart disease within various treatment approaches.
Material and methods. The study involved 98 patients with stable ischemic heart disease and 30 patients in the control group without coronary atherosclerosis. Endothelial function was assessed by determining the number of circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood using flow cytofluorimetry with antibodies to cell surface markers: CD146+CD45– at the baseline. Depending on the treatment tactics, the study participants were divided into 3 groups: the medicamental therapy group, the group of coronary stenting, and the group of coronary bypass surgery. After 3 months from the baseline, dinamics assessment of endothelial dysfunction was performed.
Results. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in all patients with obstructive lesions of the coronary blood flow and associated with effort angina class and anatomical severity of coronary disease. Improvement of endothelial function was facilitated by lipid-lowering therapy. Revascularization by coronary stenting impaired endothelial function in three months after the intervention. Mycoardial revascularization by coronary bypass did not impair endothelial function.
Conclusion. Examination of endothelial dysfunction by determining the number of circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood can be used to assess the severity of endothelial dysfunction in patients with IHD receiving lipid-lowering therapy and undergoing surgical revascularization.
Clinical and laboratory profile of hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Asatryan Tatevik T. , Zenina Marina N. , Chernysh Nataliya Yu. , Gaikovaya Larisa B.
Published: April 2019

Diagnostics of hereditary spherocytosis is usually based on clinical picture, family history and laboratory tests. The list of laboratory tests includes osmotic fragility test, a glycerol lysis test, an eosin-5-maleimide binding test and others. None of the following methods identify all cases of hereditary spherocytosis.
The article discusses the problems of diagnosing congenital microspherocytic anemia and provides the detailed analysis of informational value of various research methods and their significance.
History of the surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome
Authors: Jigania Rudiko , Korotkevich Mikhail M. , Orlov Andrei Yu. , Bersnev V. P.
Published: April 2019

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a widespread form of peripheral neuropathy. This article presents chronological overview of the surgical treatment methods of cubital tunnel syndrome along with authors who described them for the first time.

The historical review provides for better understanding of existent surgical methods und for development new surgical approaches of treatment cubital tunnel syndrome
Non-infectious complications of peritoneal dialysis in children
Authors: Schebenkov Mikhail V. , Dobroserdov Dmitriy A. , Shavkin Alexey L.
Published: April 2019

The article discusses non-infectious complications of peritoneal dialysis. Attention is focused on the causes of non-infection complications, diagnostics, treatment and prevention. Both common and rather rare complications are described.
Créditos
Authors: Guimarães Gustavo Cerqueira
Published: April 2019

Créditos do v. 3, n. 3, set.-dez., 2018. Faculdade de Letras da UFMGDiretora: Profª Graciela Inés Ravetti de GómezVice-Diretora: Profª Sueli Maria Coelho EditoresElcio Loureiro CornelsenGustavo Cerqueira Guimarães Editores de seçãoDossiê – FutebóisArlei Damo (UFRGS) Paralelas, Entrevista e Poética  Gustavo Cerqueira Guimarães  Pareceristas desta ediçãoAndré Mendes Capraro, UFPRCésar Castilho, UEMGCleber Dias, UFMGChristina Fornaciari, UFVEduardo de Gomes, UFRJLuiz Carlos Ribeiro, UFPRMarcelino da Silva, UFMGMarcel Vejmelka, Univ. de MainzRaphael Rajão, FGVThiago Costa, UFMGYvonne Hendrich, Univ. de Mainz Projeto gráficoPeDRa LeTRa Coordenação Editorial, Preparação de Originais, Diagramação e Editoração eletrônicaGustavo Cerqueira Guimarães Editoração eletrônica em Redes sociaisErilma DesireéGabriel Canuto da Gama Imagem da capa do portalPablo Lobato (Brasil)Um a zero #2 (2012) Imagem da capa deste númeroJoan Miró (Espanha)Pintura sobre fondo blanco para la celda de un solitario, 1968.
Higienismo e os primórdios do esporte: os casos do Acre e de Goiás
Authors: Corrêa Joyce Nancy da Silva , Ribeiro Jean Carlo
Published: April 2019

No início do século XX, o esporte se constituía como um novo hábito, símbolo da modernidade, mesmo na hinterlândia brasileira em estados como Goiás e Acre, naquele período regiões que ainda carregavam a marca do atraso e do isolamento. Manifestações esportivas seriam registradas a partir de 1907 (no Estado de Goiás) e de 1909 (no território do Acre), demonstrando que esses aspectos tipificados na história do interior do Brasil não impediriam que o esporte se concretizasse como uma prática moderna e que contribuiria simbolicamente no processo de transformação de hábitos e costumes sociais. Presentes também nesse processo eram as retóricas higienistas, eugênicas e nacionalistas, efeito de um novo modelo educacional.
Whither Netflix ?
Authors: Barr Trevor
Published: April 2019

In March 2015 Australia became the 50th country in which US video streaming company Netflix had set up a local operation to supplement its planned global expansion in 200 countries. Newcomers Presto and Stan also joined in to further add to the extraordinary rate of growth of all forms of video traffic in Australia, now over half of Telstra’s Internet business. So who is Netflix, and how well might it expand its business in addition to those customers in Australia who are already using virtual private networks (VPNs) to access and pay for their programmes? The company began as a DVD on-line mail rental service in the US over fifteen years ago, but its management always saw the huge potential to use the Internet as –“direct mail on steroids”– for the on-line delivery of movies to homes. Whilst Netflix commendably offers more choice of programmes for Australian viewers, an examination of its business model could hardly support the notion that the established commercial television networks now face a fundamental existential threat. Nor should the notion of “mass digital connectivity” be taken for granted – not only because Australia still has so far go to reach ubiquity of the connection of homes to high capacity broadband, but also because of the serious lack of affordability of direct user pay services for so many Australians. The most likely future scenario is the on-line streamers will be welcomed by a growing number of paying customers, but as a complementary sector to the strong network television incumbents.
The Future of Digital Services Delivery
Authors: Barrell Kevin , Lemmens Warren
Published: April 2019

Australia has set a strong ambition to capture opportunities presented by the emerging digital economy. While much discussion has focussed on the significant investment being made in broadband infrastructure, it is important to recognise that a range of other factors will also impact Australia’s ability to realise this vision of a dynamic digital market. Not least will be the requirement for the highest levels of satisfaction across a complex service delivery environment encompassing retail and business consumers, today’s retail and wholesale service providers, early phase digital content providers as well as the full range of future digital application services providers.This challenge transcends access network architecture and technology considerations, while highlighting the complex array of technology, process and systems components required to deliver digital services in the global marketplace. Successfully addressing this challenge is fundamental to ensuring Australia develops an effective service delivery ecosystem to underpin its digital future.This paper makes the case for industry to turn its attention to the operational market structure and processes that will support this future environment, together with the key multi-party relationships and interdependencies that will underpin the required high levels of user experience and Australia’s ultimate success.
The NBN is broken. Here’s the fix.
Authors: Dobbie Phil
Published: April 2019

The approach to the NBN has been fated from the beginning. This paper explores how the original design was more to do with constraining Telstra’s monopolistic ambitions than developing a sensible broadband policy for Australia. The result is a solution that is expensive, constrains competition, is blighted by Telstra’s infrastructure – including the widespread use of asbestos – with a one-size fits all approach that satisfies few. The ambition of ubiquity is also examined. How can it be ubiquitous if many people choose not to subscribe?With the optimistic air of change that has come from a new Prime Minister, this is the time to look at a realistic option that accepts the approach will include government on-budget expenditure, establishes a future proof approach and provides the opportunity for those who want it to pay a realistic amount towards getting connected. The analogy is, governments build roads, not driveways. So why should we assume anyone building a national telecommunications network should worry about connecting right up to the front door, especially for those who don’t want it.
An Opportunity
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

The September issue provides an interesting look at the National Broadband Network and how it is perceived to have problems that need to be resolved and how telecommunications is having an effect on the lives of Australians with discussion on how older Australians engage with online news and how mobile phone use in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is a balance between opportunity and affordability. Papers on future digital service delivery and metadata retention provide a balance between identifying future use and how authorities are looking our telecommunications usage.
Shall we hook up the old stuff?
Authors: Dannert Andreas
Published: April 2019

Computer systems, technologies and applications that do not meet current standards, known as legacy systems, are increasingly connected to the Internet for various reasons. Connecting them to an environment they were never intended for can potentially have serious operational security risk implications. This article discusses some of the reasons.
Better Telecommunications Services for all Australians
Authors: Coutts Reg
Published: April 2019

The Universal Service Obligation (USO) scheme we have in place in Australia in 2015 was put in place over 25 years ago when the world was very different than what it is today. The paper documents how the current USO entrenches an annual subsidy of some $300 to Telstra to provide a standard telephone service over an aging copper infrastructure to regional and remote premises across Australia. The current expensive USO scheme is inadequate for people in remote and regional Australia and in the light of the NBN roll out and the demand for mobile services is in urgent need of review. The paper reviews the approach taken to providing high cost telecommunications services in rural areas both developed and developing economies across the world and draws lessons for devising a basis for a way forward. Given the now bipartisan acceptance of the rural and remote component of the NBN roll out and drawing on these lessons, now is the opportunity to scrap the current USO scheme and establish a Universal Service Fund (USF) where the NBN is the Universal Infrastructure wholesale provider with alternative retailers. The paper supports five practical interrelated recommendations that diverts current USO funding to ensure broadband and mobile services extension in rural and remote Australia as well as reimagining future payphones around public WiFi and rural community innovation.
The Bombing of Darwin: Telecommunications in Times of War
Authors: Bowden Brett
Published: April 2019

19 February 2017 marks the 75th anniversary of the first Japanese air raid on Darwin, the capital of Australia’s Northern Territory and its gateway to Asia. The first bombing raid targeted the flotilla of ships in the harbour and key infrastructure such as telecommunications, severing the vulnerable north of Australia from the rest of the country. But the severance was short-lived, thanks to the efforts of dedicated staff of the Postmaster-General’s Department who worked tirelessly under arduous conditions to maintain essential communications between the warfront in the north and the rest of the nation to the south.
The BBC Charter Review
Authors: Barr Trevor
Published: April 2019

Both the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)  are being subjected to close scrutiny, but from different quarters. During the lead up to the British general election in 2015, the Cameron Conservative government issued a Green Paper, BBC Charter Review, July-October 2015, which broke new ground in terms of the scope of such an enquiry for its level of institutional criticism. Whilst ostensibly the document only purported to raise options for future change, and invited public submissions for consideration, there has been widespread concern about the possible serious intentions of the government for the corporation’s future. Though the ABC appears to be subject to much less vitriolic attack than its British counterpart, it too faces a range of threats and abuses. Paradoxically, such aggressive scrutiny comes at a time when both broadcasting corporations enjoy record audiences, continuing high levels of public trust, and on-line market leadership as a result their successful development of new digital platforms.
Fifth Generation Cellular Networks
Authors: Branch Philip
Published: April 2019

In this article the emerging requirements that are driving the fifth generation of mobile cellular networks are discussed and the technologies that will most likely be used to satisfy those requirements are identified. Proposals for 5G are at an early stage, but there is an expectation that the early 2020s will see the first deployments.The requirements for 5G are increased download speeds, the need to deal with increased cell density, increased bandwidth efficiency and availability of new bandwidth. It is likely that 5G will play a role in the emerging Internet of Things, potentially resulting in enormous increase in the number of attached devices.To meet the expected requirements 5G is likely to make use of spectrum in the millimetre range, beam-forming antenna arrays, massive Multi-Input Multi-Output, and fundamental changes to base station design. In this paper the key drivers for 5G are discussed including the very large numbers of devices in cells, the need to make available new spectrum, energy efficient ways of implementing base station capabilities, standards developments so far and 5G related issues for Australia.
Review of the Mexican Telecommunications Market
Authors: Saenz De Miera Oscar , Rovalo Arturo Robles , Morales Roberto
Published: April 2019

Historically, like in many other countries the development of the telecommunications sector in Mexico has been characterized by the presence of an operator owned by the State, followed by a privatization process. However, in the years that followed, a number of obstacles to competition and to the development of telecommunications were identified. As a result, and taking into account the importance of internet, telecommunications and broadcasting in today's society, a constitutional reform was carried out in 2013. It consisted of a series of measures that have contributed to shape the sector as it is nowadays, with favorable outcomes that have begun to be tangible. This article recounts the evolution and current state of the telecommunications ecosystem in terms of the stages that were just described, briefly describing new challenges and opportunities posed by the digital economy.
A Trust-Aware RPL Routing Protocol to Detect Blackhole and Selective Forwarding Attacks
Authors: Airehrour David , Gutierrez Jairo A. , Ray Sayan Kumar
Published: April 2019

This research addresses blackhole and selective forwarding routing attacks, which are fundamental security attacks on the routing of data in IoT networks. Most IoT devices today, from medical devices to connected vehicles and even smart buildings, have the capability of communicating wirelessly with one another. Although, consumers are progressively embracing the concept of connected devices, recent studies indicate that security is not high on the priority list of manufacturers especially in the way these IoT devices route and communicate data amongst themselves. Thus, it leaves the door wide open to attacks and compromises. In this study, a trust-based routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks addressing blackhole and selective forwarding attacks is proposed. We show that our proposed protocol is not only secure from blackhole and selective forwarding attacks, but also does not impose undue overheads on network traffic.
Social Network Behaviour Inferred from O-D Pair Traffic
Authors: Albdair Mostfa Mohsin , Addie Ronald , Fatseas David
Published: April 2019

All network traffic is a by-product of social networking behaviour. In this paper, Anonymized Internet (IP) Trace Datasets obtained from the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA) have been used to identify and estimate characteristics of the underlying social network from the overall traffic. The analysis methods used here fall into two groups, the first being based on frequency analysis and second method being based on the use of traffic matrices, with the later analysis method being further sub-divided into groups based on the traffic mean, variance and co-variance. The frequency analysis of origin (O), destination (D) and O-D Pair statistics exhibit heavy tailed behaviour. Because the large number of IP addresses contained in the CAIDA Datasets, only the most predominate IP Addresses are used when estimating all three sub-divided groups of traffic matrices. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and related methods are applied to identify key features of each type of traffic matrix. A new system called Antraff has been developed to carry out all the analysis procedures.
SafetyNet - A New Approach to Rural and Remote Communications
Authors: De Ridder John , Eckermann Robin
Published: April 2019

Rural and remote areas will continue to struggle to keep up with urban telecommunications despite the progress that has been made with initiatives such as the Mobile Black Spot Program (MBSP) and the NBN fixed wireless and satellite. But, now a more radical approach is needed as we consider updating the Universal Service Obligation, public safety network options and mobile roaming. Instead of more expensive small gains at the margin, or a counterproductive roaming arrangements, we should take a large step forward by having the Commonwealth, States and MNOs work together.
The Radio Australia Aerial Matrix Switch
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

Two papers from 1963 describing the design and construction of the new aerial matrix switch at Radio Australia Shepparton and the ingenuity required to conceive and deploy a world-first solution.
Tony Newstead (1923-2017)
Authors: Newstead Mark , Pratt Clemens , Burke John , Gerrand Peter
Published: April 2019

Tony Newstead, who died on 6 November 2017, was a pioneering figure in Australian and worldwide telecommunications network planning, as well as in Australian trad jazz as both a trumpeter and early bandleader. This obituary attempts to do justice to his career in both fields. In an Attachment, Dr Clemens Pratt provides a short memoir in appreciation of Tony’s role as his career mentor and colleague, and John Burke provides an appreciation of Tony’s innovatory role in pioneering open planning in Australian telecommunications.
Telecommunications is an Essential Service
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

The Australian Government has responded to the Productivity Commission inquiry into the Universal Service Obligation (USO). The primary issues identified by the Government include the cost of providing the USO and how it’s provision might be competitively distributed. Secondary issues and issues that did not get a guernsey include improved access to telecommunications (and broadband) for the socially disadvantaged, improved service reliability and quality and an acknowledgement that telecommunications is an essential service. Over the next decade telecommunications will take centre stage as the way that we live, interact with our family and friends and the things around us changes faster than at any time in history. Papers in this issue of the Journal cover a range of topics that cover historical events, book reviews and international telecommunications markets including a unique look at the development of the telecommunications market in Canada.
Introduction of Crossbar Switching Equipment to the Australian Telephone Network
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

A historic paper from the Journal in 1961 summarising the investigation and selection of Crossbar Switching Equipment for the Australian Telephone Network.
The Wireless Threat to Fixed Broadband Services
Authors: Pugh Nigel
Published: April 2019

This paper provides results from a survey of broadband customers in Australia in November 2017. Respondents included both NBN customers and non-NBN broadband customers. The survey showed an increasing acceptance of mobile broadband, in line with other market trends, but identified significant dissatisfaction – one quarter of mobile broadband respondents and about one third of fixed broadband respondents – with current services. Factors that may affect a decision to switch from fixed to mobile broadband, or vice versa, included price, reliability, bundling of phone with broadband, and the capability of streaming video on demand. Negative perceptions of the NBN are also significant. Overall, we identify that about 30% of existing fixed broadband households would consider switching to a wireless broadband service. We also note the future rollout of 5G wireless service and the resultant market positioning of telcos, which may support further positive perceptions of wireless broadband.
How to Transition the National Broadband Network to Fibre To The Premises
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

NBN Co, the government business enterprise rolling out the National Broadband Network (NBN) adopted the Coalition Government’s Multi-Technology Mix (MTM) plan upon receipt of a revised Statement of Expectations following the September 2013 Federal election. The MTM NBN plan included rolling out the outdated Fibre to the Node technology and remediating and upgrading the existing Telstra and Optus Hybrid Fibre Coaxial networks. This paper discusses the migration from the MTM NBN to a Fibre to the Curb or ubiquitous Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) NBN. The paper also discusses the MTM NBN cost blowout, delays and rationale for the MTM NBN to be immediately replaced with a future-proof FTTP NBN.
Działa i kamienna amunicja artyleryjska w arsenale wrocławskim w 1547 roku
Authors: Strzyż Piotr , Czubla Piotr , Wrzosek Jakub
Published: April 2019

Wrocławski arsenał, którego budowę rozpoczęto w 1459 r. przy Bramie Mikołajskiej, aż do pocz. XVI w. stanowił główne miejsce służące do przechowywania miejskiego uzbrojenia. Jednym z ważnych źródeł dotyczących jego historii jest inwentarz pochodzący z 1547 r. Istotne miejsce w wykazie tym zajmuje artyleria wraz z amunicją, bowiem w systemie obrony Wrocławia działa starszego typu, dostosowane jeszcze do amunicji kamiennej, nadal zajmowały ważne miejsce, ale przechowywano też działa nowszych typów, jak również ręczną strzelbę miejską – hakownicę. W interesującej nas w tym miejscu kwestii dział kamiennych, w arsenale były wówczas łącznie 42 lufy. W spisie znajduje się ich zwięzły opis, rodzaj oraz liczba kul przeznaczonych do poszczególnych rodzajów broni. Łącznie zapas amunicji kamiennej wynosił 4286 kul wszystkich wagomiarów. Prace archeologiczne przeprowadzone w południowo-wschodniej części dziedzińca arsenału w latach siedemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku doprowadziły do odkrycia bardzo licznego zespołu amunicji kamiennej, który wówczas określono na około 2500 pocisków. Były to zarówno kule granitowe, jak i wykonane z piaskowca. Nadzwyczajna liczebność zbioru, niemająca odpowiednika ani w materiałach polskich, ani nawet środkowoeuropejskich, pozwoliła na jego szczegółowe opracowanie oraz porównanie z informacjami zawartymi we wspomnianym spisie z 1547 r.
The Silver Economy in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Szewczyk Monika
Published: April 2019

Corporate social responsibility is a concept responding to climate change, environmental problems and the needs of stakeholders. Business makes an effort to act in the changing conditions, thus adapting to the expectations of the stakeholders and following the principles of sustainable economic development and social responsibility. One of the changes taking place in the current economic and social world is the change in the demographic structure of the population. The subject of the ageing population is often discussed, usually as a negative aspect in the context of changes in the pension system, health care costs or the employment conditions of older people. The principles of corporate social responsibility, such as social inclusion, anti-discrimination, and facilitating access to products and services create the basis for the development of the economy, focused on the use of the purchasing potential of older people. Thus, the perception of the demographic changes in this context becomes the ground for the formation of perspective solutions and the development of the silver economy. This model of the economy can be understood as a system which is based on adapting the production and distribution of products and services to older people. The main aim of this article is to present the challenges for companies in terms of the problems connected with an ageing population, as well as to present the main features of the concept of the silver economy in the context of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, considering the development of the silver economy, characteristics of older people as consumers should be taken into account. In this context, there are many stereotypes associated with the activities of the elderly. The article also notes the profile of potential customers of the silver economy, with a particular emphasis on the approach of the elderly to innovation, tradition and a broadly understood sense of security.
The use of modern technology by financial institutions in combating financial exclusion
Authors: Cichowicz Ewa
Published: April 2019

Financial exclusion can be considered as one of the important problems in countries at the average level of socioeconomic development that include, among others, Poland. It consists in the presence of difficulties in accessing and/or using financial products and services available on the main market that meet the needs of individuals, which prevents them from leading a normal life in society. Due to its own characteristics and trends in financial markets, this phenomenon is closely linked to the issue of the digital divide. Accordingly, it can be seen that solutions leading to the reduction of financial exclusion are based on tools using information technology innovations and modern technologies. One of the methods recognised as the most effective in this area is financial education, aimed largely at children and adolescents, which additionally justifies the choice of such tools. It is equally important to determine the extent to which modern instruments are preferred in comparison with traditional ones. The aim of this paper will be the analysis of the solutions based on modern technologies that are used in actions taken to prevent financial exclusion in selected EU countries, including Poland. The structure of the paper is as follows: the first part will present the problem of financial exclusion (identifying groups particularly at risk), then a review of methods of preventing and combating financial exclusion will be presented, with particular emphasis on modern ICT tools, and the final part will indicate possible directions and barriers to the solutions that may lead to a reduced level of financial exclusion of individuals. The methods used include an in-depth analysis of the literature and a review of existing solutions which financial institutions provide on the Web.
Awareness of conflict of interest as an academic standard of ethics
Authors: Lewicka-Strzałecka Anna
Published: April 2019

The paper shows that conflicts of interest in science undermine its ethos. Some examples of this phenomenon have been analysed from the point of view of its destructive consequences. The need to counter them has also been identified in our country and some legal regulations and self-regulation are gradually being introduced. However, they are not always respected in practice. In the last part of the paper, a model of management of risk of bias in scientific research has been outlined. The main thesis says that an awareness of conflict of interest embracing both knowledge of the general issues and relevant assessment of the personal risk of lack of objectivism should be an ethical minimum of every scientific worker.
A few remarks on the axiology of university work
Authors: Zieliński Wojciech E.
Published: April 2019

This article is a reflection on selected aspects of the axiology of work at a university. It consists of three parts. In the first one, the author considers the problem of uncertainty of knowledge, a typical state in science at the turn of the 20th into the 21st century. This is followed by an attempt at analysing its influence upon the quality of university activities. The second part concentrates on a special form of education—distance learning, which seems to result in increasing discrepancy between the content of the transmitted message and the moral situation of its recipient, especially in the field of humanities. In the third and last part, the author discusses the need for axiological transmission of ideas and the moral responsibility of an academic teacher. In these deliberations, the author refers to the works of the historian of science, e.g. Dolby, the philosophers and historians of the society such as Habermas, Popper, Znaniecki and Ossowski, and the theologian, Newman.
Issues concerning relations between business and society in teaching Business History in the United States and Poland
Authors: Jastrząb Mariusz
Published: April 2019

Based on empirical material in the form of case studies prepared at Harvard Business School and Kozminski University, the article analyses the content of teaching materials in the field of business history. The Harvard case studies served as a model for the Polish ones. In contrast to the United States, at Kozminski University and in other Polish business schools, business history is not taught as a separate subject. The article puts forward the thesis that history education could provide an opportunity for future managers to broaden their knowledge of the social environment in which they will operate and to shape attitudes of responsibility for the social consequences of decisions made. However, this opportunity remains largely untapped in both the United States and Poland. American teaching materials are still influenced by the Chandlerian paradigm, and therefore they focus on the evolution of structures and changes in the strategy of large multinational corporations. These materials present students with role models of successful entrepreneurs and companies. Their social environment is presented in a sketchy manner, and questions about the motivations of human actions or hierarchies of values are rarely asked. The teaching materials also shy away from questions about the social consequences of managerial decisions. This is so, despite the fact that scientific publications are moving away from concentrating solely on the centre of global capitalism, the history of the largest corporations, and the treatment of the social environment as a variable on which the entrepreneur or company have no influence. Business history as a scientific discipline in Poland is still at an early stage of development. However, one can notice a gap between research and teaching similar to the one that exists in the USA: there are works critically analysing the period of transformation and showing the peripheral character of Polish capitalism as well as the social consequences of this peripheral nature that are completely ignored in teaching.
Consumer social responsibility
Authors: Michalski Michał A.
Published: April 2019

In our contemporary literature and academic discourse, we often see how popular the topic of corporate social responsibility is. It will be argued that another problem, tightly linked to this issue, and strongly influencing the business environment is the consumer behaviour. This second part of business relations is often associated rather with legal demands and customer protection. The purpose of my article is to show how consumer social responsibility can help not only the corporations but also those involved in the market exchange to contribute to the common good and improve quality of millions of transactions people make every day. To become real, this responsibility needs effort—courage to witness by expressing consumer’s opinion and education. The first aspect shows how important action is in revealing values and introducing ethics into everyday market activity, the second shows that emphasizing basic economic education and expecting thorough information from companies can help build and enhance consumer awareness. This article also attempts to demonstrate the contributions of Catholic Social Thought to the problem of social responsibility.
Estudio de viabilidad económica y comercial para el prototipo de una cosechadora troceadora de agave
Authors: Vaca-Navarro David , Gutiérrez-Vaca César , Rucoba-García Armando , Hernández-Ruíz Jesús , Hernández-Ruíz Jesús , Villafaña-Aguilera Adriana
Published: April 2019

Investigadores de la Universidad de Guanajuato han creado un prototipo de máquina cosechadora troceadora de agave, dicha maquina resulta ser única en su tipo, dado que no existe maquina semejante en la actualidad, lo que genera un campo de desconocimiento en cuanto a viabilidad económica, segmentación de mercado, y costo beneficio con respeto al método tradicional de cosecha de agave. Fue necesario realizar un estudio, para comprobar la viabilidad económica de la máquina, y compararlo contra la forma actual de cosecha manual de agave (Jima). Se realizó la posible segmentación y sus variables y se determinaron los posibles canales de comercialización y el mercado potencial para la máquina de cosecha. Los resultados muestran que existe un mercado para la máquina cosechadora en la industria de procesamiento de tequila y en menor medida en la industria de procesamiento de biocombustible, existen en ambos casos mercado potencial para comercializar 125 máquinas por año entre en ambos sectores. La cosecha mecanizada de agave resulta ser más económica en $ 2,770 / Ha aproximadamente, al comparar los costos contra la cosecha manual. Así mismo muestra un mercado objetivo claro y amplio con un total de más de 250 posibles clientes entre los industriales del tequila, fabricantes de maquinaria agrícola e industriales de productos derivados del agave, estos solo en México, lo que se considera una buena capacidad de comercio.
Desarrollo de una herramienta espatadora de cebolla bulbo
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Claudia Patricia , Torres-Aya Fanny Angélica , Naranjo-Castillo José Eduardo , Jaimes-Quiñones Alejandro Esteban , Anzola-Rodríguez Ricardo Andrés
Published: April 2019

La cebolla bulbo, producto importante en la dieta de los Colombianos, presenta en Cundinamarca una producción anual de aproximadamente 53.497 toneladas; posterior a su cosecha es necesario eliminar pseudotallos y raíces, mediante un procedimiento denominado “espatado”. Dentro del subproyecto “Tecnologías y diseño o rediseño de productos que soportan el sistema de operación logística y distribución y desarrollo de un modelo en Bogotá y Cundinamarca”, se evidenció la necesidad de desarrollar una herramienta formal para el espatado de cebolla bulbo, que responda no solo a mejorar la efectividad del proceso y las condiciones ergonómicas, sino también disminuya el riesgo de accidentes laborales permitiendo una adecuada manipulación del producto que redunde en su calidad. Para el diseño de esta herramienta se integraron las disciplinas de la ingeniería agrícola y diseño industrial. La metodología del proceso incluyó la identificación de referentes y determinantes, definición de un concepto y la construcción de un modelo inicial validado en campo. Se vinculó al diseño final de la herramienta, la retroalimentación de los productores con el fin de dar una respuesta integral a sus necesidades. El uso de la herramienta redujo el tiempo para realizar la labor, pasando de 27,75 a 31,5 cebollas/minuto, se mejoró el agarre, facilitó la realización de la tarea, mejoró la postura y se disminuyó el riesgo de daño físico al producto.
Análise da comportamento espectral da água do Rio Doce, Brasil, mediante o rompimento da barragem de sedimentos da empresa SAMARCO
Authors: Thebit-Almeida Laura , Bernardes-Silva Felipe , Fraga Micael de Souza , Balieiro-Ribeiro Rayssa , Balieiro-Ribeiro Rayssa , Alves-Ramos María Camila , Avelino-Cecílio Roberto
Published: April 2019

A Barragem de Fundão, localizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Doce, Brasil, destinava-se ao acúmulo de sedimentos das atividades de extração de minério de ferro da empresa SAMARCO. Esta barragem rompeu-se no dia 5 de novembro de 2015, causando enorme desastre ambiental em todos os cursos d’agua à jusante, até atingir o Oceano Atlântico. A lama de rejeitos atingiu o Rio Doce e alterou a qualidade da água para captação e consumo em diversos municípios, sendo um desses o de Governador Valadares (MG). Sabe-se que, dentro das aplicações do sensoriamento remoto para a engenharia, a análise visual e do comportamento espectral dos alvos auxilia a tomada de decisão para a recuperação e o manejo de bacias hidrográficas. Desta forma, analisou-se o comportamento espectral da água e do NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) de seis imagens do Landsat 8 para o município de Governador Valadares, sendo duas antes, e quatro após o rompimento da barragem (datas 05/08/2014; 25/09/2015; 12/11/2015, 16/02/2016; 10/08/2016 e 10/06/2017). Em escala de 0-1, o pico de reflectância da água antes ao ocorrido (05/08/2014) era da banda do verde, de 0,048. A imagem referente ao dia 12/11/2015, logo após o rompimento, apresentou maior reflectância em todas as bandas, com maior pico na infravermelho próximo (0,48), banda esta correspontente à resposta dos alvos sólidos suspensos na água e vegetação, bem como elevação do NDWI. A reflectância foi reduzida após 8 meses do desastre, entretanto em nenhuma data analisada o comportamento espectral equivaleu-se ao observado antes do desastre ambiental.
PENGGUNAAN MOBILE HEALTH DALAM USAHA MONITORING HIPERTENSI (THE UTILIZATION OF MOBILE HEALTH IN MONITORING HYPERTENSION)
Authors: Nurhafid Saras Anindya , Afriyani Tuti
Published: April 2019

Hypertension is a health problem that is still widely encountered in Indonesia. A common problem is the lack of monitoring of health status by hypertensive patients. With the advancement of information technology, has designed mobile health information system known as mHealth which can be integrated with Electronic Health Record (EHR) in health service to improve hypertension monitoring. The author uses literature review non sistematic study writing method. Implementation of mHealth has benefits both for mHealth users and for health teams, especially community nurses who can improve the quality of health services. Therefore, the authors recommend the use of mHealth in health services in Indonesia. Keywords: Electronic Health Record, hypertension, mHealth
A eficiência de pequenos agricultores em Goiânia para Segurança Alimentar: uma análise pelo método Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Ferraz Diogo , Yamanaka Lie , Severino Maico Roris , Fuchigami Hélio Yochihiro , Rebelatto Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a eficiência da oferta de alimentos com qualidade nutritiva e saudável para alunos de escolas públicas em Goiânia, a partir do oferecimento da agricultura familiar. A importância deste trabalho decorre da necessidade de alterar os hábitos alimentares de crianças e jovens, com base nos pressupostos da Segurança Alimentar. Além disso, comprovar empiricamente a eficiência dos pequenos agri-cultores é importante para encorajar projetos da Economia Solidária, estimulando a elevação da renda dos pequenos agricultores. O método utilizado foi o Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), por meio do modelo de Variable Return of Scale (VRS) orientado ao output. A escolha deste modelo se justifica devido a necessidade de levar em conta a escala de produção e a meta de aumentar o número de escolas atendidas pela agricultura familiar. Os resultados mostram que os pequenos produtores são eficientes em atender as escolas públicas de Goiânia, sobretudo, para os produtos agrícolas (Vegetais, Legumes e Frutas). Por outro lado, produtos elaborados ou semi-industrializados (alimentos enlatados, farinha e sêmola, laticínios) não demonstraram eficiência. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que as escolas públicas podem receber alimentos frescos e saudáveis, por meio de pequenos agricultores da própria região. Isto implica no fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e na oferta de um cardápio mais nutritivo e saudável no ambiente escolar.
Extending the Explanatory Scope of Evolutionary Theory: The Origin of Historical Kinds in Biology and Culture
Authors: Wagner Gunter , Tomlinson Gary
Published: April 2019

Since its inception, evolutionary theory has experienced a number of extensions. The most important of these took the forms of the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis (MES), embracing genetics and population biology in the early 20th century, and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) of the last thirty years, embracing, among other factors, non-genetic forms of inheritance. While we appreciate the motivation for this recent extension, we argue that it does not go far enough, since it restricts itself to widening explanations of adaptation by adding mechanisms of inheritance and variation. A more thoroughgoing extension is needed, one that widens the explanatory scope of evolutionary theory. In addition to adaptation and its various mechanisms, evolutionary theory must recognize as a distinct intellectual challenge the origin of what we call “historical kinds.” Under historical kinds we include any process that acquires a quasi-independent and traceable lineage-history in biological and cultural evolution. We develop the notion of a historical kind in a series of paradigmatic exemplars, from genes and homologues to rituals and music, and we propose a preliminary characterization.