bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Focus: Drilling Automation and Innovation (February 2024)
Authors: Ochoa Danny
Published: February 2024

In recent years, operators and service companies have optimized drilling activities and reduced operational costs by accelerating the deployment of digital solutions. Among other applications, predictive data analytics are commonly used to estimate rock properties, reduce operational uncertainty, improve equipment maintenance processes, and optimize scarce human resources on specific tasks. Not surprising, then, is the number of initiatives to maximize the value of data and new machine-learning models to understand complex operations and the different levels of drilling automation around the world.

The selection of technical papers for this month highlights some interesting examples implemented in diverse geographies.

Sustainability appears today as a key driver for innovation. The complex process of decarbonization of our industry can be accelerated with the potential larger-scale application of emerging solutions with proven tangible impact. For instance, rig and equipment automation are a reality, with the capacity to lower emissions in drilling operations and help obtain improved and more-consistent results. Papers SPE 216249 and IPTC 22975 illustrate examples of actual benefits in different projects.

The task of collecting, processing, organizing, and making sense of drilling information from multiple sources with minimum time requirements remains an opportunity for improved decision-making in project management. Paper OTC 32978 describes one case with the use of artificial intelligence for automatic classification of daily drilling reports as an enabler for better planning and accurate risk analysis.

Worth emphasizing is the importance of extended reality as a growing and promising alternative with untapped potential in well construction, mainly as a resource for active learning and a collaboration tool among multidisciplinary teams. Paper SPE 212532, included in the additional recommended reading, gives an interesting overview of current applications associated with drilling operations and challenges ahead.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 217113 Machine-Learning Techniques for Real-Time Prediction of Essential Rock Properties While Drilling by K.W. Amadi, Australian University, et al.

SPE 212532 Extended Reality and Gamification for Drilling by Crispin Chatar, SLB, et al.

SPE 213043 Ensemble Machine Learning for Data-Driven Predictive Analytics of Drilling Rate of Penetration Modeling: A Case Study in a Southern Iraqi Oil Field by Dhuha T. Al-Sahlanee, BP, et al.
Long-term Reliable Wireless H2 Gas Sensor via Repeatable Thermal Refreshing of Palladium Nanowire
Authors: Seo Min-Ho , Kim Ki-Hoon , Jo Min-Seung , Kim Sung-Ho , Kim Bokyeong , Kang Joonhee , Yoon Jun-Bo
Published: February 2024

The increasing significance of hydrogen (H2) gas as a clean energy source has prompted the development of high-performance H2 gas sensors. Palladium (Pd)-based sensors, with their advantages of selectivity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, have shown promise in this regard. However, the long-term stability and reliability of Pd-based sensors remain a challenge. This study not only investigates the performance degradation observed in palladium (Pd) nanowire H2 sensors with extended use, but also proposes a cost-effective and simple recovery method. The results from density functional theory (DFT) calculations and material analysis confirm the presence of C = O bonds, indicating performance degradation due to carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation on the Pd surface. Based on the molecular behavior calculation in high temperatures, we proposed an optimized thermal treatment method of 200°C for 10 minutes to remove the C = O contaminants, resulting in nearly 100% recovery of the sensor's initial performance even after 2 months of contamination.
The Effect of Haemoglobin and Blood Transfusion on Preterm Infant Gut Perfusion and Injury
Authors: Howarth Claire , Mifsud Christian , Banerjee Jayanta Banerjee , Eaton Simon , Leung Terence , Fleming Paul , Morris Joan , Aladangady Narendra
Published: February 2024

There is significant uncertainty regarding the role of anaemia or blood transfusion in the development of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants.

We conducted a prospective observational study of 48 preterm infants born at <30 weeks gestation in whom, gut perfusion and injury were assessed weekly by: 60 minutes Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements (sTOI/sFTOE); stool calprotectin; urine intestinal and liver FABP; and TFF-3 until either 36 weeks post conceptional age or discharge.

Exclusion criteria included Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR), and abnormal antenatal Dopplers. Haemoglobin levels were measured in parallel with NIRS measurements. NIRS and the urine and stool biomarkers of gut injury were evaluated up to 72 hours before/after transfusion and pre/post measurements compared.

Our results demonstrated no significant association of Haemoglobin with either sTOI/sFTOE or any gut biomarker level. There was no significant difference in pre and post RBCT NIRS measurements or gut biomarker levels.

We showed no association of anaemia or transfusion with gut injury in preterm infants. Further studies with standardised methods of examining the relationship between anaemia, transfusion, and gut injury are needed in FGR infants.
Patient Satisfaction with Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Tag Localization Compared with Wire Localization for Nonpalpable Breast Lesions: the RFID Trial
Authors: PETE Raphaël , PINARD Céleste , SIRODOT Fanny , MOLNAR Ioana , DRESSAIRE Margot , GINZAC Angeline , ABRIAL Catherine , DURANDO Xavier , TEKATH Marielle
Published: February 2024

Background: Most breast cancers are detected at an early stage in which case conservative surgery is indicated. An accurate preoperative localization technique is essential for conservative surgery of non-palpable breast lesions. Currently, the gold standard technique is wire localization (WL). However, this technique has well-known drawbacks. Several wire-free techniques have been developed to overcome these drawbacks; one technique is localisation by Radiofrequency Identification (RFID). The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess the superiority of RFID tags (LOCalizerTM) in terms of patient satisfaction, over wire localization of non-palpable breast lesions.
Methods: This was a single-centre, prospective, controlled and non-interventional trial. Patients were followed from their inclusion at the time of the preoperative consultation to the postoperative consultation, one month after surgery. Data on anxiety and satisfaction was collected from patients and clinicians using questionnaires, and clinical data was collected from the medical files. The primary outcome was the patients’ satisfaction scores, assessed using a visual analogue scale.
Results: Eighty patients were sequentially enrolled in two groups: the wire group (n = 40) and the RFID group (n = 40). One patient from the RFID group was excluded from the analysis because of a substantial migration during deployment. On a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale, the patients’ median satisfaction score was 9.8 (IQR = 1.32) for the wire group and 10 (IQR = 0.07) for the RFID group (p < 0.001). A reduction in pain between device insertion and surgery was observed in the RFID group (p = 0.009). The median placement time was shorter in the RFID group (15 min, IQR = 6) than in the wire group (20 min, IQR = 30) (p = 0.01).
Conclusion: Our results did not show any clinically significant difference in patient satisfaction with the localization of non-palpable breast cancer lesions using either the WL technique or RFID tags. Nevertheless, RFID tags are a reliable alternative to WL, simplifying the organization of patients' healthcare trajectories.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID; NCT04750889 registered on 11/02/2021.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04750889?term=rfid&draw=2&rank=1
Performance Assessment of large-scale rooftop solar PV system - A Case Study in a Malaysian Public University
Authors: Govindarajan Logeswaran , Batcha Mohd Faizal Mohideen , Abdullah Mohammad Kamil
Published: February 2024

Adopting rooftop solar PV systems in various domestic and non-domestic sectors (including commercial, industrial, and agricultural) exhibits their commitment to green energy ventures. This study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of a grid-connected solar system that has been installed so far: a 6.9MWp photovoltaic (PV) system implemented at University Tun Hussein Onn (UTHM) in Batu Pahat, Johor. This green energy system was installed as a part of the Self-Consumption (SELCO) program utilizing a Supply Agreement for Renewable Energy (SARE) contract. To assess the mounted energy system's efficiency, performance monitoring was carried out between December 2021 and November 2022. By evaluating the enactment of the 6.9MWp solar system at UTHM, this present work has attempted to compile the achievement of implementation of self-consumption interms of performance analysis and financial benefits to consumer. The research finding bridges the gap between policy makers, investors, and the public regarding acceptance of the large scale Self-Consumption (SELCO). . Based on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61724 standard, this study also investigates several performance characteristics of the PV system, such as final yield, clearance index (CI), array yield, PV module efficiency, inverter efficiency, reference yield, and capacity factor (CF) performance ratio (PR). Moreover, an assessment of Carbon Dioxide ( avoidance was also conducted to quantify the amount of reduction achieved. The PV system was monitored throughout this time and generated 8529 MWh of energy. The installed PV system has shown an efficiency of 11.86 %, a final yield of 108.28 %, and a PR of 0.78, respectively. Further, the installed 6.9MWp PV system at UTHM has resulted in an annual reduction of about 5450 emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by tonnes. The 6.9MWp solar PV system also estimated to reduce 25.1 RM mil in 25 years.
Impact of thiamine supplementation on mortality in septic shock: a retrospective before-after study
Authors: Ribeiro Bárbara Lima , Nascimento Caroline Marques , Carvalho Isnara Miranda , Gama Hugo Leonardo Jesus , Oliveira Vitoria Gonçalves Alves , Cruz Manuel Dominguez La , Azevedo Jose Raimundo Araujo , silva Luis Carlos Machado
Published: February 2024

Background
Sepsis and septic shock represent major challenges in terms of patient mortality. Despite numerous studies involving various drugs and interventions, effective results have not been demonstrated. Recently, the role of thiamine in critically ill patients has gained attention. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of supplemental thiamine on clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock.
Methods
This retrospective before-after study included patients with: 1) an age ≥ 18 years with documented or suspected infection; 2) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥ 2; 3) serum lactate levels > 18 mg/dL and hypotension, 4) mean arterial pressure < 65 mm Hg maintained after volume expansion of ≥ 30 ml/kg in the first 2 h of treatment followed by noradrenaline vasopressor dependence (with or without vasopressin) during the first 6 h of treatment; 5) intensive care unit (ICU) admission during two periods: May 1 to September 30, 2022 (control group) and November 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023 (intervention group). Only the intervention group received supplemental thiamine (200 mg in 50 ml 5% dextrose twice daily) for 7 days or until ICU discharge. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The secondary outcomes were lactate clearance, ventilation-free and vasopressor-free days within 28 days, and incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) within 2 d of septic shock diagnosis.
Results
Sixty-two patients were included, 29 in the control group and 33 in the intervention group. There was no difference in 28-day mortality between the intervention and control group (n = 18, 54.5% vs. n = 19, 65%, p = 0.63). There was no difference in secondary outcomes Nine patients (27.2%) in the intervention group were administered RRT compared to three (10.3%) in the control group (p = 0.09). However, after adjusting for independent covariates, multivariate analysis showed that age (p = 0.017), lactate clearance (p = 0.044), and vasopressor-free days (p = 0.043) were associated with a lower 28-day mortality.
Conclusions
In the clinical setting, patients with septic shock may not benefit from intravenous thiamine in terms of 28-day mortality. however, older patients, those with longer vasopressor dependence, and those with poor lactate clearance may be at a higher risk of 28-day mortality.
Trial registration:
www.clinical trials.gov [NCT05840718, (03/05/2023)]
Towards measuring food insecurity stigma: Development and validation of the Food Insecurity Self- Stigma Scale and the Food Support Experiences Scale
Authors: Taylor Natalie , Boyland Emma , Christiansen Paul , Southern Alan , Hardman Charlotte A.
Published: February 2024

Background
Within high income countries such as the UK, individuals experiencing food insecurity have become increasingly reliant on food support to satisfy household food needs. However, experiencing food insecurity and accessing food support are highly stigmatised, negatively impacting psychological and emotional wellbeing. Being able to quantify this stigma may contribute towards reducing these impacts.
This study aimed to develop and validate two novel scales enabling the quantification of stigma concepts within the food insecurity and food support context: (1) the Food Insecurity Self-Stigma Scale (FISS), which measures the level of self-stigma that individuals experiencing food insecurity feel regarding their food insecure status; and (2) the Food Support Experiences Scale (FSES), which measures the psycho-social experiences (including the experience of self-stigma) when individuals access a food support service.
Methods
English speaking participants who identified as experiencing food insecurity completed the new FISS (N=211) and FSES (N=123) measures, alongside other validation measures. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out for both scales. Regressions using latent variables derived from the CFA were used to test convergent and divergent validity. McDonald’s Omega was used to assess internal reliability and intra-class correlations between initial and retest FISS and FSES scores of a small number of participants (FISS: N=14; FSES: N=8) were used to assess test-retest reliability.
Results
EFA indicated that a three-factor structure best accounted for the data in both the FISS and FSES. CFA revealed a good fit of the model for the FISS, comprising of 15 items across the three factors (righteous anger, non-disclosure, and stereotype endorsement). Meanwhile, an acceptable-to-poor fit of the model was revealed for the FSES, comprising of 23 items across the three factors (self-approval and disclosure, dietary and interpersonal satisfaction, and perceived effectiveness and impact). Both scales demonstrated good internal reliability and test-retest reliability.
Conclusions
The FISS and FSES provide valid tools for quantifying aspects of stigma relating to the experience of food insecurity and accessing food support respectively. These two scales may provide an important step towards developing interventions which reduce this psychological burden and work to promote psychological wellbeing within populations experiencing food insecurity.
Pneumocystis jirovecii in Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia of Infancy: accomplice or bystander?
Authors: Chan Christopher Chun-Lin , Goyal Vikas , Ratycz Elizabeth , Nourse Clare , Kapur Nitin
Published: February 2024

Background: Neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a rare childhood disease of the airways. Existing literature regarding the aetiology of NEHI is limited and predominately centred on genetic mutations. However, there does not appear to be a common genetic mutation among all children with NEHI, suggesting that other causative factors likely contribute to disease pathogenesis. While no infectious disease has been attributed to the aetiology of NEHI, infectious agents are certainly known to precipitate or exacerbate other Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases (ChILDs).
Case presentation: We report the presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in the lungs of five infants with NEHI.
Conclusions: The significance of this association is unclear but is suspicious for an immunological or other pulmonary aberrancy among children with NEHI that predisposes to P. jirovecii infection. Alternatively, P jirovecii may be an important co-factor in the pathogenesis of NEHI, or simply be an innocent bystander within the lung. This finding may help to explain the pathogenesis of this poorly understood disease. Future studies comparing the clinical course of children with NEHI infected with P. jirovecii against those without infection may further clarify the pathogenesis of this condition.
The NS1 protein of influenza B virus binds 5’-triphosphorylated dsRNA to suppress RIG-I activation and the host antiviral response
Authors: Montelione Gaetano , Woltz Ryan , Schweibenz Brandon , Ma Li Chung , John Rachel , Vorobiev Sergey , Solotchi Mihai , Patel Smita , Tsutakawa Susan , Hura Greg , Zhao Chen , Krug Robert , Shurina Ben , Swapna G.V.T. , Tainer John
Published: February 2024

Influenza A and B viruses overcome the host antiviral response to cause a contagious and often severe human respiratory disease. Here, integrative structural biology and biochemistry studies on non-structural protein 1 of influenza B virus (NS1B) reveal a previously unrecognized viral mechanism for innate immune evasion. Conserved basic groups of its C-terminal domain (NS1B-CTD) bind 5’-triphosphorylated double-stranded RNA (5’ppp-dsRNA), the primary pathogen-associated feature that activates the host retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein (RIG-I) to initiate interferon synthesis and the cellular antiviral response. Like RIG-I, NS1B-CTD preferentially binds blunt-end 5’ppp-dsRNA. NS1B-CTD also competes with RIG-I for binding 5’ppp-dsRNA, and thus suppresses activation of RIG-I’s ATPase activity. Although the NS1B N-terminal domain also binds dsRNA, it utilizes a different binding mode and lacks 5’ppp-dsRNA end preferences. In cells infected with wild-type influenza B virus, RIG-I activation is inhibited. In contrast, RIG-I activation and the resulting phosphorylation of transcription factor IRF-3 are not inhibited in cells infected with a mutant virus encoding NS1B with a R208A substitution it its CTD that eliminates its 5’ppp-dsRNA binding activity. These results reveal a novel mechanism in which NS1B binds 5’ppp-dsRNA to inhibit the RIG-I antiviral response during influenza B virus infection, and open the door to new avenues for antiviral drug discovery.
The investigation of SNP in SOCS2 gene and its effect on milk yield, fat, protein, and somatic cell count in Awassi ewes
Authors: hasan mubeen ul , Ceyhan Ayhan
Published: February 2024

Background
Livestock farmers face financial losses every year because milk yield and components are severely affected by udder diseases. These udder infections attract the immune response from the host and lead to the influx of neutrophils into milk to fight infection and thus the number of somatic cell count (SCC) is increased. The milk yield and milk quality (e.g. fat) are negatively affected by the increased SCC. The SCC is used to estimate the somatic cell score (SCS)of the milk, which is used as an indirect measure to detect subclinical mastitis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of a significant SNP rs868996547, on the suppresser of cytokine signaling 2 gene (SOCS2) which is related to milk yield and milk quality in Awassi sheep.
Methods
In this study, milk production data was obtained from 210 healthy Awassi ewes with different parties and ages. The general linear model (GLM) process analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine fixed effects on milk traits. The DNA extraction was done using a blood DNA extraction kit from Qiagen. To validate the presence of SNP a customized SNP detection developed by Thermofisher Scientific was used. The presence of the SNP in the SOCS2 gene was detected with genotypes (C/T, T/T, and C/C) and T being the mutated allele and it had a significant (p < 0.015) effect on the milk yield (p < 0,015;0.091), fat (p < 0,001;0,003), fat/protein ratio (p < 0.001;0,037) and log10SCC value (p < 0,006;0,015) of Awassi ewes. However, the protein, total solid, and lactose percentages in the wild type and the mutated ewes found having no significant difference (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Our result showed the increase in SCC or SCS of the milk significantly affected the milk yield and composition Parity and age had significant effects on ewes' milk yield (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we investigated the presence of SOCS2 gene of Awassi ewes in the study flock and its effect on milk yield, fat, and somatic cell count, and the change in milk composition and milk yield because of SCC.
Land conservation and the renewable energy transition are simultaneously possible in Brazil
Authors: Borba Paula Conde Santos , Júnior Wilson Cabral de Sousa , Pfenninger Stefan
Published: February 2024

Brazil is crucial to tackling climate change and halting biodiversity loss. Yet given its intention to rely on biofuels for clean energy, there is a growing risk that uncoordinated policy leads these goals to compete with each other. Here we explore their interplay through long-term energy scenarios based on a spatially explicit energy system model. We find that in a baseline scenario where Brazil doubles biofuel use by 2050, substantial dedicated land is needed, converting mostly degraded pastures. More importantly, with appropriate planning, renewable energy combined with biofuels can meet demand in highly electrified systems where emissions decline by 40%-91% without conflicting with conservation-relevant lands and without a noticeable effect on energy system costs. Finally, these conservation-relevant lands can be reforested and thereby contribute up to 15.43 Gton of carbon stored, showing that climate change mitigation and ecosystem recovery can be synergistic.
Enhanced Meridional Transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current under Global Warming
Authors: Xu Yongsheng , Zhao Dandan
Published: February 2024

The prevailing view posits that the meridional transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is predominantly driven by wind stress curl instigated by the Southern Hemisphere's westerly winds. However, this perspective, often rooted in model simulations under preindustrial conditions, might not be entirely applicable to the contemporary era, characterized by rapid greenhouse gas emissions. Analysis of observational and Reanalyzed datasets during 1993–2020 reveals a paradox: while the strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds has intensified, the corresponding wind stress curl has diminished. Instead, a significant fraction of the energy transferred to the ocean by the wind is absorbed by eddies, increasing eddy potential vorticity anomalies. The escalation in positive potential vorticity anomalies, transported by mesoscale eddies, triggers an acceleration in the meridional transport. This phenomenon counteracts and even overshadows the effects of diminishing wind stress curl, potentially exerting a substantial influence on global climate dynamics. Our findings illuminate the intricate dynamics governing the ACC and underscore its critical role in ice melt and climate regulation.
LCDDF: An Adaptive and Learning based Framework with Feature Selection for Efficient Detection of Concept Drift in Data Streams
Authors: Trupthi M , CH NARASIMHA CHARY , SNEHA SOWJANYA , Prasad M. Hari , K Ms Swathi
Published: February 2024

In the contemporary era, there has been increased collaboration among machines and things due to innovative technologies like Internet of Things (IoT). With use cases of IoT pertaining to industries, there is unprecedented increase in data generation and dissemination resulting in large data streams. In this context, data stream analytics is given paramount importance but it suffers from concept drift issues leading to performance deterioration in many automation applications. There are many existing methods for automatic detection of concept drifts in data streams. However, there is need for an adaptive approach that learns dynamically through machine learning (ML) techniques. Another drawback of existing method is lack of efficient feature selection method that leverages drift detection performance. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by proposing a framework known as Learning based Concept Drift Detection Framework (LCDDF). We also proposed two algorithms, namely Concept Drift-aware Feature Engineering (CDFE) and Learning based Model Selection (LbMS), to realize the framework and improve the state of the art in detection accuracy. The former is used to perform feature engineering which concept drift-aware leading to improving quality of learning process. The latter detects best models for making an ensemble towards improving prediction performance. Our empirical study has revealed that the proposed framework with underlying algorithms outperform many state of the art methods.
Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO Antenna Array Processor in 5G Wireless Communication
Authors: Razi SM Muhtashin Al , Hasan Tanvir , Hossain Md. Selim
Published: February 2024

In order to overcome limitations in available frequency ranges, regulatory agencies such as the FCC are actively searching for ways to maximize the efficiency of bandwidth usage and improve customer satisfaction within the field of radio communication. This study highlights the crucial significance of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems in addressing these problems in 5G wireless networks, resulting in improved spectrum efficiency and stability. The study presents a geometric channel model for massive MIMO systems that make use of Uniform Linear Array (ULA), Uniform Rectangular Array (URA), and Uniform Circular Array (UCA). Following that, a hybrid beamforming system is introduced, which integrates enhanced algorithms in both digital and analog precoders. This innovative methodology significantly minimizes approximation errors, thus improving spectral efficiency (SE). A comparative analysis is performed by implementing the hybrid beamforming algorithm on different array topologies to evaluate the differences between fully digital and hybrid systems. Although there is a slight decrease in SE, the hybrid model offers a notable benefit by requiring fewer antenna components upto 98.43%, making it an attractive choice in terms of performance and cost. Moreover, the study emphasizes the exceptional efficacy of the hybrid approach in the URA system, particularly when combined with specific array configurations and found 38.72 bits/s/Hz SE.
Quorum Sensing Model for Nutrient-dependent Evolution of Cultured Bacteria: Theoretical Framework and in Silico Study
Authors: Maslovskaya Anna , Kuttler Christina , Shevkun Ivan , Chebotarev Alexander , Kovtanyuk Andrey
Published: February 2024

The evolutionary dynamics of cell-to-cell communication in bacterial populations can be examined using mathematical modeling and computer simulations. In the present study, the model of bacterial quorum sensing in colonies cultivated on nutrient media is explored from theoretical and computational points of view. The proposed approach is based on combining the deterministic model for bacterial nutrient-dependent biomass growth and the reaction-diffusion model describing spatial-temporal characteristics of bacterial quorum sensing. The unique solvability of the initial-boundary value problem for the mathematical model of bacterial quorum sensing is proved. The theoretical results are based on the derivation of new \textit{a priori} estimates for the solution of the system of semilinear parabolic equations. The nonlinear differential problem is solved numerically and the software implementation is executed in combination with the procedure of fractal dimension measure for bacterial pattern boundaries. A series of computational experiments are conducted to analyze the behavior of key chemical substances characterizing the quorum sensing attributed to \textit{Pseudomonas} genus bacteria during the evolution of dendrites as well as floral patterns in nutrient media.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 92-10 · 92D25 · 37M05
Evaluating the Associations Between Compliance with CKD Guideline Component Metrics and Renal Outcomes
Authors: Nyma Zannatun , Kitaoka Kaori , Yano Yuichiro , Kanegae Hiroshi , Bayaraa Nomin , Kishi Seiji , Nagasu Hajime , Nakano Toshiaki , Wada Jun , Maruyama Shoichi , Nakagawa Naoki , Tamura Kouichi , Yokoo Takashi , Yanagita Motoko , Narita Ichiei , Yamagata Kunihiro , Wada Takashi , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Nakashima Naoki , Isaka Yoshitaka , Nangaku Masaomi , Kashihara Naoki , Okada Hirokazu
Published: February 2024

Background
Understanding the association between compliance to the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) guidelines in real-world clinical settings and renal outcomes remains a critical gap in knowledge.
Methods
A comprehensive analysis was conducted using data from a national, multicenter CKD registry. This study included 4,455 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurement on the index date and eight additional metrics recorded within six months. These metrics comprised serum electrolyte levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. The primary outcome was a composite of renal events, defined by a decline in eGFR to < 15 mL/min/1.73 m² or a reduction of ≥ 30% in eGFR, confirmed by follow-up tests.
Results
Over a median follow-up of 513 days, 838 renal events were observed. High serum potassium levels (> 5.4 mmol/L) were associated with increased event rates compared to lower levels. Similarly, low serum sodium-chloride levels (< 33) correlated with higher event rates. Usage of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, low serum calcium (< 8.4 mg/dL), and high uric acid levels (> 7.0 mg/dL) were also linked to increased events. Conversely, higher hemoglobin levels (≥ 13g/dL) were associated with lower event rates. Adherence to guidelines, categorized into quartiles based on the number of met metrics, revealed a significantly reduced risk of events in the highest compliance group (meeting 8 metrics) compared to the lowest (0–5 metrics).
Conclusions
Compliance to CKD guidelines in clinical practice is significantly associated with improved renal outcomes, emphasizing the need for guideline-concordant care in the management of CKD.
Serological survey of vector-borne pathogens in shelter dogs from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Pinilla Juan Carlos , Rincón Diego Fernando , Florez Angel , Pinilla Andrea Isabel
Published: February 2024

Canine vector-borne pathogens are found in many regions and represent a challenge for animal health. Shelter dogs are found to be an important health and ecological factor in urban areas in Colombia. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to determine the seroprevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens in shelter dogs from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia. An IDEXX SNAP® 4Dx Plus assay was employed to test 278 shelter dogs. From each dog, the following data were collected: municipality, age, gender, and coat length. Overall, 81.3% of the tested dogs were positive for one or more of the vector-borne pathogens. The highest prevalence observed was for Ehrlichia spp. (79.9%) in 278 shelter dogs, followed by Anaplasma spp. (36%), Dirofilaria immitis (6.5%) and Borrelia burgdorferi (2.2%). Regarding the variable age, dogs less than one year old showed a statistical association (P = 0.02) for Anaplasma spp., and short-haired dogs showed a statistical association (P = 0.03) for D. immitis. The present study provides current information on the seroprevalence of vector-borne pathogens in shelter dogs from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, and these findings could be useful for control measures that should be implemented on dog populations and vector populations in the study area.
Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Compared to Non-Pregnant Controls
Authors: Cameán María Martín , Marin Ibon Jaunarena , Méndez Jose Ignacio Sánchez , Alvarez Covadonga Martí , Alegre Félix Boria , Boado Elena Martín , Zapardiel Ignacio , Gutiérrez Alicia Hernández
Published: February 2024

Background
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare entity whose prognosis has previously been studied and is subject to controversy.
Methods
Survival of patients with PABC diagnosed between 2009 and 2021 with breast cancer during pregnancy or until 1 year after childbirth was compared with non-pregnant patients with breast cancer from the same period at La Paz University Hospital. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival between the groups, adjusting for grade and pathologic stage.
Results
Among the 89 included patients with breast cancer, 34 were diagnosed during pregnancy, and 55 were not pregnant. The pregnant patients were more likely to have grade 3 tumors (61.3% vs 37%, p = 0.023) and an advanced stage (pathologic stage III-IV: 44.1% vs 17.6%, p = 0.008). Median follow-up was 47 months for the pregnant group and 46 months for the control group. After adjustments for tumor grade and pathologic stage, OS was comparable between the groups (HR 2.03; 95% CI 0.61 to 6.79; P = 0.25).
Conclusions
The outcome of women diagnosed with PABC is comparable to young non-pregnant controls. However, it should be taken into account that PABC has a more aggressive phenotype.
Psychometric evidence of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in a Chilean representative sample
Authors: Quintana Gonzalo R. , Ponce Fernando P.
Published: February 2024

Amongst many psychometric instruments to measure male sexual dysfunctions, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) stands out for its utility and widespread use. However, its internal latent structure lacks consistency across studies. Furthermore, studies have yet to address its measurement invariance evidence. Moreover, no formal validation of the IIEF has been conducted in Chile. Therefore, the following study aimed to comprehensively evaluate its psychometric evidence in a Chilean sample of men and determine its measurement invariance across relationship status, age groups, and paraphilic interests. A sample of 650 sexually active males was derived from a broader Chilean study (CSSS). We used a confirmatory factor analysis to determine its structural validity, sexual satisfaction dimensions to establish its criterion-related validity, and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega to assess the reliability of its scores. Results supported the five-factor latent solution. Meanwhile, criterion-related validity revealed subtle yet significant differences in sexual satisfaction, with younger men displaying higher satisfaction in various sexual domains, whereas middle-aged men and those in a relationship showed better sexual function. Finally, the IIEF was invariant across relationship status, age groups, and paraphilic interests at the factor covariance level. Limitations included a lack of clinical population and a sample predominantly younger, cisgender, and heterosexual. Altogether, this study highlights the IIEF's suitability for assessing male sexual function in Chilean male populations across diverse sociodemographic characteristics. Future research efforts should focus on expanding sample diversity, including clinical populations.
Exploring the causal relationship between 91 inflammatory cytokines and two subtypes of rheumatoid arthritis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Wenjie , Chen Jianan , Zheng Muxu , Liao Nianchun , Liu Song , Shi Huihong , Hu Wenjun , Chen Yanbo , Huang Dongsheng , Lin Youxi , Liang Anjing
Published: February 2024

Objective
In previous studies, the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported to be associated with various inflammatory cytokines. This research aims to investigate the causal relationship between 91 inflammatory cytokines and two distinct subtypes of RA, employing bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
Utilizing genetic summary data from a publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS), we examined the genetic variations of 91 inflammatory cytokines in 14,824 individuals of European ancestry. RA genetic variant data were sourced from the FinnGen consortium, including 4,290 cases and 368,362 controls in the seropositive RA (SPRA) cohort, and 3,877 cases and 285,035 controls in the seronegative RA (SNRA) cohort. Primary analysis employed the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, with supplementary methods including MR Egger, Weighted Median (WM), Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode to enhance result robustness. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for result reliability.
Results
IVW analysis revealed elevated levels of natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (CD244), FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3LG), interleukin (IL)-7, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) significantly associated with an increased risk of SPRA. Lower levels of IL-6 were associated with increased risks of SNRA, while higher levels of IL-7 were related to an increased risk of SNRA. Reverse MR analysis suggested SNRA might downregulate levels of Fractalkine (CX3CL1).
Conclusions
This study enhances our understanding of the correlation between inflammatory cytokines and RA, providing novel insights into the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of two RA subtypes.
Genetic Diversity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Based on Local Knowledge and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats in North-East Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Faris , Legesse Tsinat , Dejen Asmare , Feyissa Teleye , Adane Metadel
Published: February 2024

Ethiopia is center of diversity and one of the top nine agro-ecological regions for faba bean growth with high diversity. This high diversity is an opportunity for the improvement of the crop. However, the farmer named landraces and their molecular base variation was not well studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of farmers’ faba bean varieties in different agro-ecologies (sm3; tepid sub-moist mid highlands and sm4; wet sub-moist mid highlands) of North-East Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. The collection for the strata is considered as populations to analyze genetic base variation through inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) genetic marker. Six varieties were used in the study areas among which four were local and the rest two were released as high yielding (Mert bakela) and water logging resistant (yeweha bakela). Six plants from each of the four populations were analyzed using 9 ISSR primers which amplified 113 loci of which 112 were polymorphic. Primer 812, 854 and 881 had produced 15 loci each and a total of 168 bands. Primer 812 had the highest resolving power, 7.32; primer 854 had the highest band informativeness, 0.49 and primer 881 had the highest polymorphic information content, 0.95. Population 2 that is of Sm3-South Wollo stratum showed the highest spatial diversity (4.615385) and Shannon-Weavers’ Diversity (1.364). Five out of six faba bean varieties were found in population 2 and three of them were unique. However, the most abundant local faba bean varieties, yehabesha and yeferenje bakela, had higher genetic diversity. Especially Yehabesha bakela had different unique futures including wider rating for disease resistance compared to the other most abundant released variety, yeweha bakela, (p = 0.01828).
Non-relapse mortality after CAR T-cell therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 7,788 lymphoma and myeloma patients
Authors: Rejeski Kai , Santos David Cordas dos , Tix Tobias , Shouval Roni , Cliff Edward Scheffer , Theurich Sebastian , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Ghobrial Irene , Subklewe Marion , Perales Miguel-Angel
Published: February 2024

While CAR-T therapy represents a transformative immunotherapy, it is also associated with distinct toxicities that contribute to morbidity and mortality. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL for reports of non-relapse mortality (NRM) following CAR-T in lymphoma and myeloma, published until 09/2023. Cumulative incidence rates of NRM and causes/numbers of death were extracted. NRM point estimates were analyzed using fixed effect models. We identified 7,788 patients across 16 clinical trials and 32 real-world studies. After a median follow-up of 12.9 months, the overall NRM rate was 7.5% (95%CI 6.9-8.1%). NRM point estimates were related to the disease entity, CAR-T product and costimulatory domain. Of 582 reported non-relapse deaths, nearly half were attributed to infections, followed by cardiovascular/respiratory events (7.4%) and second malignancies (6.5%). Our findings underline the critical importance of post-CAR-T infections and support the comprehensive reporting of NRM, including specific causes and long-term outcomes.
An Innovative Strategy of Comprehensive Utilization of Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.): Simultaneous Extraction of Oil and Glucose Syrup by Amylolysis-assisted Aqueous Extraction Process
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Jiang Yiming , tong Yanjun , leng Juncai , Zhou Tingyi , Gao Zihan , Liu Han , Zhu Chenlu , Zhang Wenbin , Yang Ruijin
Published: February 2024

The tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) possesses a substantial nutrition yet its industrialization process is characterized by sluggishness. Herein, we introduced a green approach to achieve simultaneous extraction of oil and glucose syrup from tiger nuts via Amylolysis-assisted Aqueous Extraction Process (AAEP). Briefly, tiger nut flour was rinsed to eliminate non-starch polysaccharides and separate the majority of the oil (64.02 %). Followed by liquefaction with α-amylase (AMY), and saccharification with amyloglucosidase (AMG) and pullulanase. Under optimal conditions (AMY dosage: 40 U/g; AMG and pullulanase dosages: 200 U/g and 10 U/g respectively; pH=6.0 during liquefaction at a temperature of 95 oC for 30 min; pH=5.5 during saccharification at a temperature of 55 oC for 150 min; the solid-liquid ratio of 1:5), the AAEP method achieved an oil yield of 89.84 % along with a glucose syrup yield of 89.41 %. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results demonstrated that starch hydrolysis promoted the release of encapsulated oil, which enhanced the extraction efficiency of oil. Overall, our findings highlight that AAEP is an effective industrial approach facilitating comprehensive utilization of tiger nuts.
Rituximab Administration in Pediatric Glomerulopathies Amid Challenging Circumstances: Insights from Clinical Experience
Authors: Ivanov Dmytro , Weber Lutz T. , Lagodych Yelizaveta , Levtchenko Elena , Ivanova Mariia , Vakulenko Liudmyla , Zavalna Iryna , Boiko Ninel
Published: February 2024

Background: The ISN Green Nephrology Initiative, coupled with limited capacity in low-middle-income countries and the challenges posed by military conflicts, necessitates innovative solutions in pediatric nephrology for optimizing the treatment of children with kidney diseases. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of Rituximab (RTX) usage in children with glomerular diseases, with an extension of clinical indications.Methods: We initiated an ongoing open-label, multicenter, randomized, patient-oriented study, termed RIME ("RTX in glomerulopathies"), focusing on children with glomerulopathies in Ukraine during martial law (enrolled 2022–2023). Inclusion criteria comprised patients with steroid-dependent (SDNS) or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) and progressive glomerulopathies, as determined by eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), ACR (albumin-to-creatinine ratio), and kidney biopsy results. RTX was explored as an alternative to glucocorticoid re-administration and a potential treatment to decelerate renal function decline. The primary endpoint was eGFR and ACR up to 6 months from RTX initiation, with the secondary endpoint assessing the delayed effect at 1 year.Results: As of November 2023, results were available for 19 children, including 7 with FRNS and 12 with progressive loss of renal function and/or increased ACR. RTX use resulted in stable remission of steroid-dependent FRNS, with statistically significant urinalysis normalization and hyperfiltration by the 6th month, leading to eGFR normalization within a year. RTX demonstrated a 75% success rate in achieving a stable trend in reducing ACR and restoring eGFR in progressive glomerulopaties. In this group, stable trends did not receive statistically significant changes, which is obviously due to the small size of the sample. Tolerability was observed in 80% of patients, allowing completion of the full course of therapy.Conclusions: RTX, if tolerated, proved highly effective as a steroid-sparing agent and demonstrated efficiency in slowing the pathological process in progressive glomerulopathies, indicating the potential for ACR reduction and renal function restoration. Future studies should assess the balance between treatment cost, convenience, adherence to Green Nephrology principles, and the feasibility of a virtual nephrology approach in conflict zones.
Bioethanol production from paper sludge containing antiseptic and deinking agent by subcritical water pretreatment and semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Authors: Okajima Idzumi , Muto Masato , Morimoto Shingo , Nauchi Kazuki , Kodama Yuta , Park Enoch Y. , Sako Takeshi
Published: February 2024

For a long time, bioethanol production from wood-based biomass has been investigated. However, most studies face issues including high costs and technical difficulties associated with delignification and saccharification. Paper sludge (PS) from paper mills has a significant potential for bioethanol production. In this study, waste-paper-containing PS is used as the raw material for bioethanol production because the annual waste paper utilization rate has increased. Although PS does not require delignification, the antiseptics and deinking agents in PS inhibit enzymatic reactions such as saccharification and fermentation and their removal has not yet been reported. Using subcritical water pre-treatment, the selective decomposition of enzyme inhibitors in PS is examined without the generation of other enzyme inhibitors. The optimum pretreatment conditions are identified as 240°C, 3.3 MPa, 3 min, and pH 4.5. Glucose was obtained in 71% yield from pretreated 5 wt% PS using cellulase, which is 5.5 times higher than that from unpretreated PS. This is because the reactivity of the pretreated PS increases with the surface area of the cellulose fibers, and the cellulase inhibitors are decomposed by subcritical water. Next, semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation treatments are performed to produce bioethanol from waste-paper-containing PS. The bioethanol yield based on cellulose after 96 h is 68% for PS pretreated with subcritical water, whereas the bioethanol yield is 6% for unpretreated PS. Therefore, subcritical water pretreatment increases the bioethanol yield by 11 times. Proposed method allows large amount of PS to be used as ethanol feedstock in future.