bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Melatonin-Related Signatures in the Prognosis of Glioblastoma
Authors: ma zhen , Cheng Houxiang , Shun Chao , Zhou Jinhuan , Yuan Guoqiang , Pan Yawen
Published: April 2024

Background
Melatonin (MT) can have a direct or indirect impact on the expression of numerous crucial genes in cancer cells. Consequently, this paper strived to investigate MT-associated prognostic genes in Glioblastoma (GBM) and their mechanisms of operation.
Methods
Based on the survival of samples in training set and the expression of 34 MT-related genes (MT-RGs), univariate Cox regression analysis and consistent cluster analysis were used to identify differential prognostic MT-RGs for follow-up analysis. Then, prognostic genes were obtained by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to construct risk model. On the basis of risk model, GBM patients in training set were sorted to high- and low-risk cohorts. Further, to predict patient survival, we combined risk score with other clinical characteristics to access independent prognostic factors for the construction of prognostic model. Moreover, immune cell infiltration analysis and drug sensitization were performed to probe the potential mechanism of prognostic genes. Additionally, single-cell analysis was utilized to recognize cell types in GBM patients, and pseudotemporal trajectories of predictive genes were predicted in key cell types.
Results
The GBM patients in the training set were divided into two clusters (Cluster 1 and Cluster 2). Based on two clusters and the expression of MT-RGs, 8 differential prognostic MT-RGs were selected by wilcoxon test. Ultimately, ECE1, CYP1B1, IRAK1, SIRT1, and ACHE were defined as prognostic genes via LASSO. Importantly, risk score and age associated with GBM prognosis were identified as independent prognostic factor to establish the prognostic model, which might be an effective tool for predicting survival in GBM patients. For immune analysis, neutrophils were markedly more abundant in high-risk cohort. And 198 drugs (e.g. Temozolomide, Cispiatin, Etoposide) were identified between two risk cohorts. Moreover, 7 cell types (Myeloid, Neoplastic, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Vcascular, OPCs, and Neurons, and Myeloid) were annotated in single-cell dataset. Pseudotemporal analysis revealed that ECE1, CYP1B1 and ACHE expression steadily decreased on Myeloid, Vascular and Neoplastic.
Conclusion
A new prognostic model for GBM associated with MT was created and verified, which might furnish new opinions for the study of MT-RGs in GBM.
Analysis of deformation and failure mechanism of sandwich beams with lattice core under three-point bending load
Authors: Taghipoor Hossein , Sefidi Mahdi
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates sandwich beams with lattice cores under quasi-static bending, owing to their lightweight nature and high energy absorption capabilities. Utilizing analytical methods governing beams, an investigation into their failure mechanisms is conducted, incorporating experimental and numerical results. The influence of thickness and core cell sizes on energy absorption are examined. The analysis delves into the elastic and plastic behavior of the beam, which is refined and validated against the numerical and experimental tests and failure modes of sandwich panel beams. The alignment of analytical predictions with both experimental and numerical results in terms of mean forces, and energy absorptions was remarkably precise. Moreover, evidence has been presented that the face yield and core shear failure regions are significantly impacted by variances in core dimensions. Additionally, the thickness of core cell strands was found to be pivotal in influencing the compressive and shear strengths of sandwich panel beams.
Enhancing Medical Education Through the BOPPPS (Bridge-in, Objective, Preassessment, Participatory learning, Post-assessment, Summary) : A Comprehensive Review and Analysis
Authors: Z Jing , Gan Xiaochuang , Gou Qitao , Tie Hongtao
Published: April 2024

BOPPPS (Bridge-in, Objective, Preassessment, Participatory learning, Post-assessment, Summary) has emerged as a compelling alternative in medical education. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of BOPPPS in medical education compared to traditional teaching strategies. Databases of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched. The Primary outcome was the final examination score. All meta-analyses were performed by using random-effects models. Overall, 146 publications were initially retrieved, of which 16 studies with 1198 in the BOPPPS group and 1122 in the control group were finally included. The pooled result revealed that BOPPPS was associated with a significantly improved final examination score (Standardized mean difference: 1.14, 95% CI 0.84–1.43; P < 0.001) compared to other traditional teaching. Besides, BOPPPS conferred better student satisfaction, classroom interaction, and learning initiative among medical students. The findings underscore the potential of the BOPPPS teaching strategy to enhance various aspects of medical education, but further research is warranted to explore its effectiveness in diverse cultural contexts and its impact on higher-order cognitive skills.
Orthodontic Movement After Regenerative Endodontic Procedure in Mature Permanent Tooth Associated With Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report With 3-year Follow-Up
Authors: Martínez Isabella , Oyonarte Rodrigo , Concha Guillermo , Brizuela Claudia
Published: April 2024

Background
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are innovative treatments aimed at restoring damaged dental structures. However, the effect of orthodontic movement on REP-treated teeth is not well understood and may have significant long-term consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of orthodontic movement on a mature permanent tooth associated with dens invaginatus that has undergone a regenerative endodontic procedure (REP).
Case presentation:
This case involves a preliminary investigation into the effects of orthodontic movements on a mature REP-treated tooth. This could have the potential to enrich our collective understanding and guide treatment planning, leading to the development of clinical guidelines. This report describes the case of a 13-year-old male with a noncontributory medical history who presented with pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess (tooth number 2.2). Following REP according to the American Association of Endodontists' guidelines, the patient began orthodontic treatment after 9 months. Subsequent follow-ups at 9 months, 2 years, and 3 years post-REP revealed an asymptomatic state with minimal cervical discolouration and diminished cold sensitivity. Radiographic analyses revealed periapical healing, dentin wall thickening, and consistent root length. The treated tooth displayed a positive response to both REP and orthodontic treatment, yet further research is necessary to determine the long-term effects of orthodontic forces on REP-treated teeth.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that orthodontic movement following REPs in mature permanent teeth is feasible and may also act as a protective factor against apical root resorption. Our experience indicates that a 9-month healing period permits successful orthodontic outcomes following REPs. Nonetheless, the predictability of outcomes and the ideal healing period before orthodontic movement is initiated remain to be established.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound based radiomics model enhances identification of symptomatic carotid plaque
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhang Ying , Chen Jifan , Fu Yuhan , Yao Jianting , Zhang Rui , Jia Minyue , Wu Qingbiao , Huang Pintong
Published: April 2024

Background:We aimed to identify the most valuable variables in multi-modal ultrasound technologies and compare the performance of radiomics models in detecting symptomatic carotid plaques.Methods:From August 2013 to April 2021, we retrospectively enrolled 112 carotid plaque patients and randomly divided them into training and validation cohorts at a 3:1 ratio. A traditional model (T model) was built using independently significant variables from multivariate analysis of clinical and multi-modal ultrasound characteristics. Radiomics models based on conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and a combined approach (USR, CEUSR, and US-CEUSR) were then developed. Combined with T model, three incorporated models (TUSR, TCEUSR, and TUS-CEUSR) were established. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis.Results:Only intraplaque contrast enhancement from CEUS modality was independently associated with clinical symptoms [odds ratio = 3.750; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.403–10.881;p= 0.010] and was used to construct the T model, which achieved an AUC of 0.583 (95% CI, 0.390–0.776) in the validation cohort. The CEUSR model had an AUC of 0.813 (95% CI, 0.626–0.957), surpassing the T model (p< 0.001). The USR model's AUC was 0.663 (95% CI, 0.427–0.866). Notably, the CEUSR model outperformed the USR model (p= 0.043). Other integrated models didn't significantly surpass the CEUSR model.Conclusion:Intraplaque contrast enhancement, a qualitative variable by CEUS, is an independent risk factor for symptomatic carotid plaques, and radiomics features from CEUS can effectively predict symptomatic carotid plaques.
Impact of the Timed and Targeted Counselling Model on Maternal Health Continuum of Care Outcomes in Northern Uganda: Protocol of a Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Zibugu Douglas , Gubbels Jessica S , Asiimwe John Bosco , Sanne Gerards
Published: April 2024

Background
About 287,000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2020 worldwide. Almost 95% of all these maternal deaths occurred in low and lower middle-income countries, and most could have been prevented. The timed and targeted counselling behavioural change approach, implemented by community health workers targeting mothers and their male caregivers (e.g., their husband, brother or father), is expected to positively impact overall maternal health. This study aims to assess the impact of timed and targeted counselling on the continuum of care outcomes in Northern Uganda.
Methods
This study will employ a cross-sectional quasiexperimental design, with retrospective data collection comparing an intervention group to a control group. The main outcome measures are antenatal care, place of delivery and postnatal care. The study employs a two-stage sampling procedure purposively selecting the Oyam District, including two strata of subcounties: Aber (Treatment) and Otwal (Control). The required sample size consisted of 456 mothers per treatment group (i.e., 912 in total). The study participant selection criterion will be mothers who have given birth between the 2nd the 12th month of the study area. Propensity score matching will be used to control for confounders and improve causal inference. Sensitivity analysis will be carried out to test the robustness of the results to unmeasured confounders in the propensity score match. After regression, postmodel estimation tests such as the Akaike information criterion, the link test and the Wald test will be carried out.
Discussion
This study is the first to evaluate the impact of timed and targeted counselling on maternal health in Northern Uganda. These findings will be used to modify the implementation of the timed and targeted counselling approach, thereby enhancing its impact, efficiency, and effectiveness.
Protocol Registration
This study protocol was registered under the Makerere University School of Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee (MAKS REC) under MAKSSREC 10.2023.710 (registration date 30th of November 2023) and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST HS3826ES).
Exploring the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Potential of Malus peel Phenolics: A comprehensive comparative analysis of Royal delicious, Delicious, Golden delicious, andMaharaji Cultivars from Kashmir, India
Authors: Shah Ashfaq Ahmad , Pandey Neha , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Rai Nishant , Gupta Amit
Published: April 2024

The aim of the current investigation was to reveal whether the peel phenolics of three red-colored ("Royal Delicious", "Delicious", "Maharaji") and one yellow-colored ("Golden Delicious") malus variety might have a differential tendency with regard to inflammation and arthritis, as these varieties indigenous to Kashmir have not yet been exploited for the same. The comparative assessment of the immunomodulatory properties of decoctures, prepared by amalgamating the extracts of different polar menstruums, was analyzed by subjecting them to in vitro assays of inflammation and arthritis. In the decoctures, the presence of carboxylic acids, poly-hydroxy compounds, aromatic rings, alcohols, alkenes, ethers, nitro compounds, phenols, hydrogen-bonded alcohols, and esters was demonstrated by FTIR. All the FTIR spectra correlate to the functionality of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds deemed to be present in malus varieties. All the peel decoctions showed significant inflammation suppressive and anti-arthritic efficacy, in a dose-dependent fashion. With the goal to treat oxidative stress-related, inflammatory, and arthritic illnesses, the present research assigns the greatest pharmacological precedence to the bioactive compounds extracted on a polarity premise from peels of Malus domestica var Maharaji.
First record of Telenomus dilophonotae (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), parasitizing eggs of Erinnyis ello (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in western Paraná, Brazil, with molecular characterization and records of occurrences
Authors: Wengrat Ana P. G. S. , Carvalho Leidiane Coelho Carvalho Coelho , Pietrowski Vanda , Schoeninger Karine , Costa Valmir Antonio , Johnson Norman F.
Published: April 2024

There are few records for Telenomus dilophonotae Cameron, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) from South America. In Brazil, the first occurrence was reported in Bahia in rubber crops, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. - Arg., there parasitizing eggs of Erinnyis ello Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). It was also found parasitizing the same host in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae). This is the first record of occurrence of T. dilophonotae in the state of Paraná, parasitizing eggs of E. ello in areas of cassava production in the western region of Paraná, this being the southernmost record of the species. Here, photographs, the first sequence of DNA-barcode of this species of parasitoid wasp, and a distribution map are provided.
Variable Mass and the Noisy Feynman Propagator in Scalar Fields
Authors: Tameshtit Allan
Published: April 2024

We utilize a mass independent Klein-Gordon equation that is first order in a variable that plays the role of time, the approach taken in parametric time formulations. Using concepts from semigroup evolution, we examine the sign of a noisy Feynman propagator in a quantum field theory, namely, scalar electrodynamics.
Risk factors for wet macular degeneration: a systematic review, with novel insights from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort
Authors: Fitton Catherine A , Quigley Madeleine MR , Belch Jill JF
Published: April 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major source of vision loss worldwide. This study aims to assess risk factors for wet AMD by two methods: assessing risk factors measured in the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC), and to systematically review the literature.
Methods: 18,107 volunteers were recruited to SHHEC between 1984-1995, with risk factor data collected on recruitment. Hospital records were linked to study data up to 2017 and survival analysis used to analyse risk factors and wet AMD. Literature published between 2000-2023 was searched for studies assessing risk factors for wet AMD, resulting in 5503 papers. Following review, 7 studies were included in the systematic review.
Results: Within the SHHEC data, 231 cases of wet AMD are reported. Age (Hazard Ratio (HR) 10.74; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.90-19.56), being female (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.02-1.84), smoking (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.28-2.18), and a serum glucose > 5.32mmol/l (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.09-2.42) were significantly associated with an increased risk of wet AMD. Vitamin K (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.38-0.83), and Apolipoprotein B (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.43-0.99) were associated with a decreased risk of wet AMD.
Within the systematic review, there was evidence that systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, high BMI, alcohol intake, high C-reactive protein, high serum triglycerides and smoking may be associated with an increased risk of wet AMD; however the studies provide mixed evidence and no conclusive results can be drawn.
Value of integrating three-dimensional technology with the Sampaio collecting system fractal theory for percutaneous nephrolithotomy treatment of difficult renal calculi
Authors: ZHANG Jiamo , ZHANG Xuan , CHEN Jiangchuan , LI Changlong , CHENG Honglin
Published: April 2024

Objective
To investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of complicated renal calculi by integrating three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction with the Sampaio collecting system fractal theory.
Methods
Sixty-four consecutive patients with complex kidney calculi who underwent PCNL between January 2019 and October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into an experimental group (3D printing) and control group (CT imaging) according to their willingness to pay for 3D imaging. Both groups underwent preoperative CT urography. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data of the experimental group from CT imaging were used for 3D reconstruction and model printing. Then, the Sampaio collecting system fractal theory was used to design the puncture channel and develop a surgical strategy.
Results
The 3D-printed models of the experimental group successfully displayed the Sampaio collecting system fractal theory. There was no significant difference in the baseline parameters between the groups. Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in the puncture time, number of puncture needles, number of puncture channels, target calyx consistency, number of first puncture channels, and stone clearance. There were no significant differences in the total operative time, decrease in the hemoglobin level, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications between the groups.
Conclusions
Integration of 3D technology with the Sampaio collecting system fractal theory can enhance the preoperative evaluation and planning of percutaneous renal access. This approach allows a more precise method of PCNL for treating intricate renal calculi.
Signature genomic traits of the core and accessory genome of Vibrio Cholerae O1 drive lineage transmission and disease severity
Authors: Maciel-Guerra Alexandre , Babaarslan Kubra , Baker Michelle , Rahman Aura , Hossain Maqsud Muhammad , Sadique Abdus , Alam Jahidul , Uzzaman Salim , Sarker Mohammad Ferdous Rahman , Sultana Nasrin , Khan Ashraful Islam , Begum Yasmin Ara , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Senin Nicola , Habib Zakir Hossain , Shirin Tahmina , Qadri Firdausi , Dottorini Tania
Published: April 2024

In Bangladesh, Vibrio cholerae lineages are undergoing genomic evolution, causing pandemics and outbreaks with increased virulence, resistance, spreading ability and disease severity. However, our understanding of the genomic determinants influencing transmission and disease severity patterns, as well as their interplay, remains incomplete. Here, we developed a computational framework based on machine-learning, genome scale metabolic modelling (GSSM) and 3D structural analysis, to identify V. cholerae signatures genomic traits linked to lineage transmission dynamics and disease severity. We analysed isolates collected from in-patients across six regions in Bangladesh from 2015 to 2021, and uncovered a core set of accessory genes, coding, and intergenic SNPs uniquely present in the most recent dominant lineage and underlying lineage transmission, with virulence, motility, colonization, biofilm formation, acid tolerance and bacteriophage resistance functions. Furthermore, we uncovered the existence of a strong correlation between a core set of V. cholerae genomic determinants and disease severity patterns (diarrhoeal duration, number of stools, abdominal pain, vomit, and dehydration). A subset of these determinants overlapped with those driving lineage transmission dynamics. Through GSMM and 3D structure analysis, we inferred the mechanistic bases underlying their selection and unveiled a complex interplay between transcription regulation, protein interactions and stability, and metabolic networks leading to severe symptoms. These connections influence lifestyle adaptation, intestinal colonization, oxidative stress and acid tolerance through modulation of ribosome, fatty acid and peptide biosynthesis, bacterial efflux systems, virulence, and resistant genes. Our computational framework allows to uncover signature traits which can provide insights for advancing therapeutics and developing targeted interventions to mitigate cholera spread.
Green synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of Iron nanoparticles synthesized from the alcoholic extract of the aerial part of Micromeria biflora (Buch. Ham. ex D.Don) Benth
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ahmad Zubair , Muhammad Naveed , Al-Awthan Yahya S. , Bahattab Omar S. , Rami Saeed Hameed , Bawazeer Saud , Ullah Imran , Thiruvengadam Rekha , Thiruvengadam Muthu
Published: April 2024

This study explored the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles (NPs) using Micromeria biflora extract. The rapid reduction of iron ions, evidenced by a distinct color change, signifies an efficient interaction, leading to successful NPs formation. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis, revealing an absorption peak at 295 nm that intensified over time. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrates phytochemical involvement. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images displayed cuboctahedron-shaped NPs with various facet formations, which are crucial for diverse applications. DISCUS package was used to simulate the shape and decorate the surface with organic molecules obtained from the extract. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the elemental composition. Additionally, potential applications, including enzyme effects and sedative and anti-inflammatory properties, were explored. The extract and NP showed anticancer effects against MDR2780AD cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.99 and 0.91 respectively. The tested Iron NPs showed 92.22, 76.22, and 88.23% inhibitory effects against urease, CA-II, and XO, respectively. The maximum percentage analgesic effects of the extract (100 mg/kg) and NPs (10 mg/kg) were 65 and 82, respectively. Maximum anti-inflammatory effect was observed at the third hour of treatment. The anti-inflammatory effect of NP (90%) was superior to that of the extract (60%).
Vibration characteristics and machining performance of carbon fiber reinforced shaft in poor rigidity machining tool system
Authors: Ma Zheng , Cai Chongyan , Yin Youkang , Dang Jiaqiang , Ming Weiwei , An Qinglong , Chen Ming , Liu Gang , Li Junli
Published: April 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials have gained significant attention in the machining industry due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and vibration characteristics. In the poor rigidity machining tool system, such as plunge milling, deep drilling and boring, the large overhanging shaft increases the requirement of chatter stability. In this study, a solution of carbon fiber reinforced shaft was proposed for the poor rigidity machining tool system. The vibration characteristic model was established by theoretical calculation, FE analysis and modal testing. The relationship between fiber arrangement and vibration characteristics was precisely described, and the optimization scheme of fiber reinforcement was proposed considering both the theoretical analysis and procedure technique. The machining performance of the optimal HSS-CFRP shaft was compared with that of the traditional HSS shaft in the same tool system. Main aspects that significantly affect the machining performance were thoroughly evaluated, including tool weight, energy consumption, dynamic characteristics and chatter stability. The effect of fiber reinforcement was fully discussed, which provided a reliable solution for the poor rigidity machining system and other potential applications with large overhanging shaft.
New insights into changes in ocular structural parameters in a simulated hypobaric hypoxia plateau environment
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Guo Anqi , Yu Xinli , Liu Yihe , Wang Zesong , Xie Jiaxing , Zhou Xinzuo , Liu Siru , Li Jiaxi , Zhou Chengkai , Li Yuanhong , Sun Chao , Zhang Jing , Liu Ziyuan , Li Xuemin , Ding Li
Published: April 2024

Purpose
High altitude is the main area for human exploration, and human eye is an important organ for obtaining visual signals. The changes of eye structure and function caused by hypobaric hypoxia environment need to be clarified.
Methods
Measurements were taken at five altitudes (1: ground; 2: 3500m; 3: 4000m; 4: 4500m; and 5: end of experiment). Refractive values were measured with the IOL Master (Carl Zeiss Shanghai Co. Ltd.). Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) test, paired sample T-test, and Wilcoxon test.
Results
Subjects’ axial length (AL) increased with altitude, peaking at 4500m, then decreased. Significant differences in AL were observed across altitudes (p < 0.05), except between 2 and 5, and 3 and 5. Central corneal thickness (CCT) thickened then thinned with elevation changes, significantly thicker at altitudes 2–5 compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). Lens thickness (LT) followed a similar pattern, increasing up to altitude 4, then decreasing at 5. Correlations were found between AL and LT at altitudes 1 (r = 0.375, p < 0.05) and 5 (r = 0.341, p < 0.05), and between AL and CCT at altitude 4 (r = 0.337, p < 0.05), but not elsewhere. No significant relationship was observed between LT and CCT.
Conclusions
As altitude increases and the degree of acute low-pressure hypoxia worsens, the refractive parameters such as AL, CCT, and LT are altered, which could potentially affect the pilot's visual function after acute hypoxia, further affecting the pilot's information acquisition and decision-making during driving and posing a threat to flight safety.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of bZIP gene family reveal their roles under salt stress in Suaeda australis
Authors: Qu Yinquan , Wang Ji , Gao Tianxiang , Qu Caihui , Mo Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiumei
Published: April 2024

Background
Suaeda australis is one of typical halophyte owing to high levels of salt tolerance. In addition, the bZIP gene family assumes pivotal functions in response to salt stress. However, there are little reports available regarding the bZIP gene family in S. australis.
Results
In this study, we successfully screened 44 bZIP genes within S. australis genome. Subsequently, we conducted an extensive analysis, encompassing investigations into chromosome location, gene structure, phylogenetic relationship, promoter region, conserved motif, and gene expression profile. The 44 bZIP genes categorized into 12 distinct groups, exhibiting an uneven distribution among the 9 chromosomes of S. australis chromosomes, but one member (Sau23745) was mapped on unanchored scaffolds. Examination of cis-regulatory elements reveled that bZIP promoters were closely related to anaerobic induction, transcription start, and light responsiveness. Expression patterns analyses clearly discovered the role of several SabZIPs including Sau08107, Sau08911, Sau11415, Sau16575, and Sau19276, which showed higher expression levels in higher salt concentration than low concentration and obviously response to salt stress. These expression patterns were corroborated through RT-qPCR analysis.
Conclusions
Our findings offer valuable insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the bZIP gene family in S. australis and shed light on their roles in responding to salt stress. In addition to fundamental genomic information, these results would serve as a foundational framework for future investigations delving into the regulation of salt stress responses in S. australis.
Seasonal changes of brown carbon in an industrial city of central China: Importance of water-insoluble BrC
Authors: Yan Guangxuan , Wang Ziyi , Hou Mingyang , Wang Jieqi , Shang Sai , Shang Ziyang , Li Jiayi , Yu Hao , Cao Zhiguo , Liu Zirui
Published: April 2024

A total of 125 samples were collected to investigate the light absorption characteristics and formation mechanism of brown carbon (BrC) in Luoyang. The seasonal range of BrC light absorption was from 2.34 Mm-1 to 26.60 Mm-1, with extremely high in autumn and winter specifically. The seasonal water-soluble BrC light absorption (2*babs, WS-BrC, 405 nm/babs, BrC, 405 nm) varied from 13% to 73%. All the seasonal mean values of the Absorption Ångström Exponent (AAEBrC) of brown carbon were greater than 3. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) had significantly positive correlation to babs, BrC, 405 nm when SOC to elemental carbon ratio (SOC/EC) > 1 (R=0.45, p<0.05) and water-soluble organic carbon to organic carbon (WSOC/OC) < 0.45 (R=0.49, p<0.05), indicating that water-insoluble SOC potentially contributed to BrC in autumn and winter. In autumn, secondary transformations are dominant when NO3-/EC>3 (R=0.48, p<0.01), and the secondary organic aerosols formed by the oxidation of organic gases are the main cause of BrC light absorption,therefore the formation of water-insoluble SOC is related to secondary transformations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In winter, the correlation between BrC light absorption and SOC was higher than in autumn, this may be related to the lower winter temperatures, which benefit the condensation/coalescence of semi-volatile organic compounds into organic particulate matter, therefore more water-insoluble SOC is formed in winter. Overall, the results highlighted that it is crucial to alleviate BrC light absorption to keep eyes on water-insoluble SOC.
Assing the role of combined ultrafast breast MRI and diffusion-weighted image in predicting breast cancer prognosis: A prospective comparative study.
Authors: Bayoumi Dalia , Karam Rasha , Abdallah Ahmed , Hamdy Omar , A.Shokeir Farah
Published: April 2024

Background
Ultrafast breast MRI derived kinetic parameters demonstrated almost equivalent efficacy to conventional DCE-MRI as a screening tool in detecting breast cancer. However, its role as prognostic imaging markers is still questionable. The aim of this study is to use ultrafast MRI-derived kinetic parameters in combination with ADC (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient) as a prognostic imaging predictor.
Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 82 female patients with 94 pathologically proven breast cancers. Ultrafast breast MRI was obtained using the TWIST (time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories) sequence. From the ultrafast sequence, MS (Maximum slope) and TTE (Time to enhancement) parameters were obtained. ADC values were derived from the DWI (diffusion-weighted image) sequence (b value = 0/ 500/1000 s/mm2).
Results
MS was significantly higher in grade 3 breast cancers compared to grades 1 and 2 (p-value = 0.016). On ROC curve analysis, an MS cut-off value of > 22.75%/s showed the best accuracy among the three parameters (66.3%) in predicting Ki positivity. However, ADC cut-off value < 0.84 x10-3mm2/s was the only significant predictor of HER 2 positivity among the three parameters (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 66.7% and AUC = 0.817). On adding the two ultrafast parameters (MS and TTE) to the ADC the specificity raised to 82.2% and AUC raised to 0.850 in predicting Her2 positivity.
Conclusions
Adding ADC derived from DWI to the ultrafast-derived parameters can improve the overall performance of breast MRI in predicting aggressive types of breast cancers, hence predicting the patient prognosis.
SARS-COV-2 RNA removal rates from fresh cabbage during fridge storage, disinfection with neutral electrolyzed water and calcium hypochlorite
Authors: Aliakbar Abdolahimahvar , Farid Azizi Jalilian , Nastaran Ansari , Aliasghar Vahidinia
Published: April 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised concerns over viral transmission via contaminated fresh produce. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) in comparison to calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) for the removal of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA from vegetables stored at refrigeration temperature over a one-week period. Vegetables were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and subsequently treated by immersion in NEW, Ca(ClO)2, or sterile water (control) solutions. Viral RNA was extracted from the produce on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-immersion and quantified using RT-qPCR. We demonstrate that NEW solutions reduced over 99% of detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA on vegetables within the first 24 hours. Comparatively, Ca(ClO)2 treatment resulted in less pronounced viral RNA reduction over the 7-day experiment. At identical concentrations, NEW led to significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal from contaminated vegetables versus Ca(ClO)2. Given the on-site production feasibility, lower environmental impacts, and reduced costs associated with NEW solutions, our findings position NEW as a promising alternative to conventional chlorine-based sanitizers for mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 presence on fresh produce.
Confronting intrinsic variability: How farmers understand, manage, and cope with synchronous alternate bearing in a perennial crop system
Authors: Garcia Gabriela M. , Kuhl Laura , Orians Colin M.
Published: April 2024

Global efforts aim to support the socio-ecological resilience of farms and farmers to environmental disturbance. Farmers of many perennial crops also contend with intrinsic yield fluctuations, or alternate bearing (AB), which can synchronize across regional and national scales. Synchronous AB across a farm has direct implications for farmer livelihoods but is absent from discussions of resilience. We conducted a socio-ecological study on farm-scale AB in Coffea arabica to assess (a) how farmers understand, manage, and cope with AB, and (b) opportunities for, and constraints upon, their capacity to limit it. We integrate semi-structured interviews (n=29) with quantitative analyses of AB across participant farms. Farmers identify AB as an inherent challenge with differential impacts on management based on whether they perceive AB as extrinsically- or intrinsically driven. The former employ strategies to ameliorate the effects of weather and pests, while the latter prioritize fertilization and plant renovation strategies. Quantitative analyses found that pruning and fertilizer management are unrelated to signals of AB, but AB decreases significantly with farm elevation, perhaps due to lower pest pressure which can exacerbate AB. Synchrony within and across farms increased after a regional pest outbreak, supporting the synchronizing potential of environmental disturbances. These findings indicate that AB persists despite management efforts and may be outside farmer influence, raising questions about coping strategies. Farmer-reported coping strategies for low years include loans, external income, and limits on household spending, with implications for broader resilience capacity. Intrinsic AB merits greater attention as a determinant of resilience in perennial crops.
Study on the Microstructure and Properties based on Composition Regulation of Cu-Fe-Mg-Ti Alloy
Authors: Ding Yu , Xiao Xiangpeng , Yuan Dawei , Chen Jinshui
Published: April 2024

The effects of different Fe-Ti ratios on the microstructure, mechanical properties and softening resistance of Cu-Fe-Mg-Ti alloy were studied in detail by controlling the atomic ratios of Fe and Ti elements (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) at a certain content of Fe and Ti elements, using hardness and electrical conductivity tests and OM, SEM, TEM and XRD observations. The results showed that after 70% cold rolling and aging at 550 ℃, the FT12 alloy had a peak aging hardness of 189.5 HV and an electrical conductivity of 44.2% IACS, the FT11 alloy had a peak aging hardness of 173.9 HV and an electrical conductivity of 51.3% IACS, and the FT21 alloy had a peak aging hardness of 166.5 HV and an electrical conductivity of 64.1% IACS. TEM analysis showed that all three groups of alloys formed the precipitation phase Fe2Ti phase, which improved the strength of the alloys.
The use of Aprokam® (cefuroxime sodium) in the management of post-operative infectious risk in pediatric cataract surgery
Authors: Nucci Paolo , Lembo Andrea , Schiavetti Irene , Rissotto Federico , Pichi Francesco
Published: April 2024

Purpose: to describe the safety and efficacy of the intracameral use of cefuroxime sodium (Aprokam®) during congenital cataract surgery to prevent endophthalmitis.
Design: monocentric, prospective, observational pilot study.
Methods:
Setting: San Giuseppe Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Study population: pediatric patients with a mean age of 21.4 ± 40.52 weeks with congenital cataracts. 65 eyes from 65 patients, i.e. only one eye for each patient was included in the study. At the end of the surgery, patients received the administration of intracameral Aprokam. The efficacy endpoint was assessed by excluding postoperative intra-ocular infections, while the safety endpoint was assessed by recording vital signs (body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate) and local effects (corneal edema, toxic anterior segment syndrome, presence of cells or fibrin formation in anterior chamber, intraocular pressure, conjunctival hyperemia) after the administration of the substance.
Results: Aprokam intracameral administration at the end of the cataract surgery prevented the occurrence of intraocular infection in all of our patients. Among the analyzed systemic parameters, breath frequency was the only one showing a statistically significant increase after the drug delivery (∆(post-pre) 0.4 breaths/minute ± 1.74; p = 0.022). Regarding the local adverse effects, a statistically significant increase of intraocular pressure has been detected from the first week (∆7days-1day: 0.9 mmHg ± 2.28, p = 0.042), and remained constantly elevated in the first month. The presence of conjunctival hyperemia noticed in the first week after surgery showed a significant decrease over time, with a statistically significant reduction after one month (8 cases vs 0, p = 0.009).
Conclusions: intracameral administration of Aprokam in pediatric cataract surgery, for the prevention of post-operative endophthalmitis, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective. It may be considered suitable for an optimal post-operative management of intra-ocular post-operative infections in congenital cataract surgery.
Morph-physiological and biochemical properties effects of exogenous nitric oxide applications on spinach under flooding stress conditions
Authors: Kıymacı Gülbanu , Arı Banu Çiçek , Türkmen Önder , Paksoy Mustafa , Kal Ünal , Metin Deniz , Özen Rufeyde Nur
Published: April 2024

Flooding stress with the impact of global climate change has recently become a major stress factor that limits the productivity and quality of many agricultural areas. Recently, researchers have been working to abate the negative impacts of flooding stress. Studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) applications abate the negative impacts of different types of flooding stress. For this purpose, the current study tried to determine the effects of different NO doses on spinach under flooding stress situations. In te present study, there were six application subjects: full irrigation - control (FI), flooding stress (FS), FS + application of 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM NO. NO was applied to spinach as a foliar spray twice, one week apart, under flooding stress situations, which was applied for ten days close to the harvest period. Flood stress agronomic parameters, leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) caused decrease of 40, 24, 57, 46, 49 and 20%, respectively. In addition, actual photosynthetic efficiency (QPSII) caused significant decrease. On the contrary, flooding stress revealed significant increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (PRO) contents. It has been observed that applied NO doses not only promote plant growth but also support photosynthesis by increasing pigment content. In addition, it promoted antioxidant enzyme activity by reducing H2O2 and MDA content. As a result, it was revealed that 50 µM NO application increased tolerance to spinach under flooding stress situations.
Gravity and Human Respiration: Biophysical Limitations in Mass Transport and Exchange in Space
Authors: Porterfield David , Dutta Som , Tulodziecki Dana , Schwertz Hansjorg , Kadomtsev Anton , Parik Aditya , Chen Yi-Cheng , D’Agostino Dominick , Tabetah Marshall
Published: April 2024

A major requirement for humans is a breathable atmosphere. In microgravity, despite environmental life support systems regulating air exchange, astronauts complain about air quality, with elevated CO2-levels resulting in detrimental health and performance effects. We extend extant accounts of human respiration to include the role of gravity and buoyancy. Using computational fluid dynamics, we demonstrate that the absence of biothermal convection in microgravity reduces airflow around the human body. This impairs gas exchange by creating an environmental breathing deadspace in front of the face, leading to significant CO2-rebreathing, with implications for astronaut health and countermeasures. In 1g, increasing ambient air temperature can also reduce efficient respiratory exchange, resulting in breathing conditions equivalent to those in microgravity, with implications for treating respiratory disease on Earth.
Application of Three-dimensional Reconstruction in Anatomical Right Lateral Basal (RS9) Segmentectomy
Authors: Zhu Jiafu , Yang Litao , Lin Yukang , Huang Jiangshan , Lin Wenwei , Zheng Zihao , Shi Jinyang , Zhang Zhenyang , Lin Jiangbo
Published: April 2024

Objective
This study analyzed the application of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in the vascular and bronchial branching patterns of right anterior, lateral, and posterior basal segments (RS8, RS9, and RS10) and anatomical RS9 segmentectomy.
Methods
From May 2020 to May 2022, 354 patients were selected for 3D reconstruction of vascular and bronchial branching patterns using Mimics 21.0. Based on the preoperative and intraoperative 3D reconstruction data, anatomical RS9 segmentectomy was conducted among 27 patients, and the surgical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The branching patterns of the right basal bronchi (B8, B9, and B10) were divided into the B8 and B9 + 10 type (74.6%), the B8 + 9 and B10 type (15.3%) and the B8 and B9 and B10 type (10.2%). The branching patterns of the right basal arteries (A8, A9 and A10) were classified into simple bifurcated type (the A8 and A9 + 10 type (62.4%) and the A8 + 9 and A10 type (13.0%)), split bifurcated type (the A8 and A8 + 9 + 10 type (18.4%) and the A8 + 9 and A9 + 10 type (3.7%)) and trifurcated type (the A8, A9 and A10 type (2.5%)). The branching patterns of the right basal veins (V8, V9, and V10) were complex and were classified into simple bifurcated, split bifurcated, and trifurcated types and further divided into ten subtypes. Of these types, the V8 + 9 and V10 type, the V8 + 9 + 10 and V10 type, and the V8 + 9 and V9 + 10 type were most common, accounting for 29.4%, 25.4% and 21.5% of cases, respectively. Anatomical RS9 segmentectomy was successfully completed without conversion to thoracotomy in all 27 patients.
Conclusions
3D reconstruction is a practical tool for analyzing the bronchovascular branching patterns of RS8, RS9, and RS10. The application of 3D reconstruction is safe and feasible in anatomical RS9 segmentectomy.
Identification of MYC genes in four Cucurbitaceae species and the response to temperature stress
Authors: Liu Tao , Zheng Yani , Yang Jingyu , Li Rourou , Chang Huan , Li Nanyang , Wang Suna , Wang Liping , Wang Xing
Published: April 2024

Background
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors are crucial mediators of plants responding to environmental stresses through binding DNA regulatory regions. However, little systematic characterization of MYC genes is available in Cucurbitaceae species.
Results
In this study, we identified 10, 8, 12, and 10 MYC genes separately in Cucumis sativus, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, and Benincasa hispida. Characterization analysis revealed that all of the MYC proteins contain a highly conserved H4-V5-E6-E8-R9-R11-R12 sequence, which is essential for the binding DNA regulatory regions. The evolutionary analysis enabled us to categorize the predicted 40 MYC proteins from seven species into five distinct groups, which was also discovered that the expansion of the MYC genes occurred before the divergence of monocots and dicots. The upstream promoter region of the MYC genes contain a variety of developmental, stress, and hormone-responsive regulatory elements. The expression of cucumber MYC genes varies significantly across organs, with particularly high expression of CsaV3_3G001710 observed across all organs. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that certain cucumber MYC genes undergo specific upregulation or downregulation in response to both biotic and abiotic stressors. Particularly under temperature stress, cucumber genes CsaV3_3G007980 and CsaV3_3G001710 showed significant upregulation. Interestingly, the homologous genes of these two in C. lanatus exhibited a similar expression pattern to C. sativus, while in B. hispida, they displayed a significant downregulation, which is quite the opposite. These findings indicated that these two genes indeed responded to temperature stress with different expression patterns, highlighting the divergent functions of homologous genes across different species.
Conclusions
This study analyzed the size and composition of the MYC gene family in four Cucurbitaceae species, and investigated stress-responsive expression profiles, especially under temperature stress. All the results showed that MYC play important roles in development and stress-responsive, laying a theoretical foundation for further investigating its response mechanisms.