bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Evaluation and Constraint Factor Analysis on Urban Industrial Ecosystems of Traditional Industrial Area in China
Authors: Lu Chengpeng , Ji Wei , Liu Zhiliang , Dong Shuheng , Xue Bing
Published: July 2020

Industrial ecology is an advanced form and ideal model of modern industrial development, in which the industrial ecosystem is the core. Based on the PSR model, this paper builds a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban industrial ecosystem development and selects 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province of the traditional industrial area in Northeastern China as cases to calculate the development level of its industrial ecosystem during 2000–2018 using an improved Topsis method and then to conduct a spatial visualization analysis. Finally, based on the “stress-state-response” subsystem, this paper diagnoses the constraints for industrial ecosystem development, which can provide a reference basis for decision-making in industrial ecology of traditional industrial area represented by those in Northeast China. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the industrial ecology of the 14 cities in Liaoning Province was at a medium level. Except for Shenyang and Dalian with the rapid development, the difference of industrial ecosystem development for other cities was relatively small. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the industrial ecosystem development of each city was in a status of “either increasing, or decreasing, or fluctuating,” which generally raised first and then decreased. Regarding spatial difference, the development exhibited a “center-periphery” pattern, with Shenyang and Dalian as the “dual-core” that were increasingly strengthened with significantly high-level industrial ecology. (3) At system level, PSR constraint grades for the industrial ecosystem development in the 14 cities of Liaoning Province were different. Constraint grades in the pressure subsystem, the state subsystem, and the response subsystem for the industrial ecosystem of Liaoning were 45.73%, 20.01%, and 34.34%, respectively, indicating that the lack of human response to the ecological environment and the pressure of human activities on the ecological environment during the industrial economy development were the main constraints affecting the process of industrial ecology in these cities. (4) Due to the differences in geographical environments, economic bases, industrial structures, and local development contexts, the major constraint factors of industrial ecosystem development in different cities are significantly different and complicated; however, there are five factors that are generally considered as major constraint factors in all cities, i.e., regional GDP, number of labor force employed in the secondary industrial sector, gross investment in fixed assets, amount of industrial sulfur dioxide removal, and production value from “three-wastes” comprehensive utilization. At last, this paper puts forward some recommendations and suggestions for providing scientific support for industrial ecosystem construction in the traditional industrial area of Northeastern China.
Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors
Authors: Kessy Stella T. , Mnyone Ladslaus L. , Nyundo Bruno A. , Lyimo Issa N.
Published: July 2020

Odor-baited devices are increasingly needed to compliment long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) for control of residual malaria transmission. However, the odor-baited devices developed so far are bulky, dependent on the source of electricity and carbon dioxide (CO2), and they are logistically unsuitable for scaling up in surveillance and control of malaria vectors. We designed a passive and portable outdoor host seeking device (POHD) and preliminarily evaluated suitable components against Anopheles arabiensis that maintains residual malaria transmission. Experiments were conducted using semifield reared An. arabiensis within the semifield system at Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) in southeastern Tanzania. These mosquitoes were exposed to Suna traps® baited with BG lures or source of light and augmented with carbon dioxide (CO2) in view of identifying best attractants necessary to improve attractiveness of designed POHD. Two Suna traps® were hanged at the corner but outside the experimental hut in a diagonal line and rotated between four corners to control for the effect of position and wind direction on mosquito catches. Furthermore, mosquitoes were also exposed to either a bendiocarb-treated or bendiocarb-untreated POHD baited with Mbita blend, Ifakara blend, and worn socks and augmented with warmth (i.e., 1.5 liter bottle of warm water) inside an experimental hut or a screened rectangular box. This study demonstrated that mosquitoes were more strongly attracted to Suna trap® baited with BG lures and CO2 relative to those traps baited with a source of light and CO2. The POHD baited with synthetic blends attracted and killed greater proportion of An. arabiensis compared with POHD baited with worn socks. Efficacy of the POHD was unaffected by source of warmth, and it was reduced by about 50% when the device was tested inside a screened rectangular box relative to closed experimental hut. Overall, this study demonstrates that the POHD baited with synthetic blends (Mbita and Ifakara blends) and bendiocarb can effectively attract and kill outdoor biting malaria vector species. Such POHD baited with synthetic blends may require the source of CO2 to enhance attractiveness to mosquitoes. Further trials are, therefore, ongoing to evaluate attractiveness of improved design of POHD baited with slow-release formulation of synthetic blends and sustainable source of CO2 to malaria vectors under semifield and natural environments.
Some Properties of Generalized Einstein Tensor for a Pseudo-Ricci Symmetric Manifold
Authors: Uysal S. Aynur , Bağdatlı Yılmaz Hülya
Published: July 2020

The object of the paper is to study some properties of the generalized Einstein tensor GX,Y which is recurrent and birecurrent on pseudo-Ricci symmetric manifolds PRSn. Considering the generalized Einstein tensor GX,Y as birecurrent but not recurrent, we state some theorems on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the birecurrency tensor of GX,Y to be symmetric.
Development of Paddy Rice Seed Classification Process using Machine Learning Techniques for Automatic Grading Machine
Authors: Kiratiratanapruk Kantip , Temniranrat Pitchayagan , Sinthupinyo Wasin , Prempree Panintorn , Chaitavon Kosom , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Prasertsak Anchalee
Published: July 2020

To increase productivity in agricultural production, speed, and accuracy is the key requirement for long-term economic growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. Traditional manual paddy rice seed classification operations are costly and unreliable because human decisions in identifying objects and issues are inconsistent, subjective, and slow. Machine vision technology provides an alternative for automated processes, which are nondestructive, cost-effective, fast, and accurate techniques. In this work, we presented a study that utilized machine vision technology to classify 14 Oryza sativa rice varieties. Each cultivar used over 3,500 seed samples, a total of close to 50,000 seeds. There were three main processes, including preprocessing, feature extraction, and rice variety classification. We started the first process using a seed orientation method that aligned the seed bodies in the same direction. Next, a quality screening method was applied to detect unusual physical seed samples. Their physical information including shape, color, and texture properties was extracted to be data representations for the classification. Four methods (LR, LDA, k-NN, and SVM) of statistical machine learning techniques and five pretrained models (VGG16, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3, and InceptionResNetV2) on deep learning techniques were applied for the classification performance comparison. In our study, the rice dataset were classified in both subgroups and collective groups for studying ambiguous relationships among them. The best accuracy was obtained from the SVM method at 90.61%, 82.71%, and 83.9% in subgroups 1 and 2 and the collective group, respectively, while the best accuracy on the deep learning techniques was at 95.15% from InceptionResNetV2 models. In addition, we showed an improvement in the overall performance of the system in terms of data qualities involving seed orientation and quality screening. Our study demonstrated a practical design of rice classification using machine vision technology.
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Lung Cancer Patient Using Empagliflozin
Authors: Sexe Jordan , Mayes Chadwick , Tofts Peter
Published: July 2020

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, and its diagnosis should be timely and accurate. SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic medications that increase the renal excretion of glucose. It is thought that increased urinary excretion of glucose will mask hyperglycemia during DKA. This can lead to a delayed diagnosis of DKA and worsen outcomes. In this report, we detail a case of euglycemic DKA in a patient who presented to the Emergency Department meeting criteria for septic shock.
Icaritin Improves Memory and Learning Ability by Decreasing BACE‐1 Expression and the Bax/Bcl‐2 Ratio in Senescence‐Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice
Authors: Li Yuan-Yuan , Huang Nan-Qu , Feng Fei , Li Ying , Luo Xiu-Mei , Tu Lin , Qu Jing-Qiu , Xie Yi-Man , Luo Yong
Published: July 2020

Icaritin (ICT) is the main component in the traditional Chinese herb Epimedium, and it has been shown to have anti‐Alzheimer’s disease (AD) effects, but its neuroprotective effects and the pharmacological mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were randomly divided into a model group and an ICT‐treated group. Learning and memory abilities were detected by the Morris water maze assay, and the expression of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and β‐site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) was determined by Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histological changes in CA1 and CA3 were detected by hematoxylin‐eosin staining (H&E staining), and the immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression and localization of Bax and Bcl‐2. The results showed that compared with the SAMP8 mice, the ICT‐treated SAMP8 mice showed improvements in spatial learning and memory retention. In addition, the number of necrotic cells and the morphological changes in CA1 and CA3 areas were significantly alleviated in the group of ICT‐treated SAMP8 mice, and the expression of BACE1, Aβ1-42 levels, and the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio in the hippocampus was obviously decreased in the ICT‐treated group compared with the control group. The results demonstrated that ICT reduced BACE‐1 levels, the contents of Aβ1-42, and the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, suggesting that ICT might have potential therapeutic benefits by delaying or modifying the progression of AD.
Outcomes of Hypofractional Tomotherapy in Patients with Stage III Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Who Are Not Eligible for Surgery or Concurrent Chemoradiation
Authors: Li Jing , Li Hongqi , Wang Yingjie , Liu Junyang , Wang Xuan , Pang Haifeng , Chang Dongshu , Di Yupeng , Ren Gang , Li Ping , Wang Yong , Liu Chen , Chen Xiao , Kang Xiaoli , Xia Tingyi
Published: July 2020

Purpose. We assessed the clinical outcomes and toxicities following hypofractionation with helical tomographic intensity‐modulated radiotherapy technology (tomotherapy) in patients with stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were not candidates for surgery or concurrent chemoradiation. Methods. Forty‐three patients with stage III NSCLC who were treated between 2011 and 2017 were enrolled. The prescription doses for gross target volume and clinical target volume were 70 Gy and 60 Gy (respectively) delivered in 15–25 fractions over 3–5 weeks. Results. The median overall survival (OS) time was 34.23 (range 11.33–99.33) months. The estimated 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year OS rates were 97.7%, 74.4%, and 55.9%, respectively; the corresponding progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 79.1%, 53.5%, and 36.1%, respectively. The local disease recurrence, regional disease recurrence, and distant metastasis rates at 3 years were 4.7%, 11.62%, and 55.81%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, dose regimen (<19 f vs. ≥19 f) was an independent prognostic factor affecting OS, PFS, and DM (p < 0.05). Seven patients developed grade 1‐2 acute radiation pneumonia (RP), 5 patients developed grade 1‐2 late RP, while 3 patients developed grade 3 late RP. None of the patients developed grade 4‐5 radiation lung injury. Conclusion. Tomotherapy may be an effective treatment option for patients with stage III NSCLC. It may be a viable alternative to surgery with lower incidence of side effects.
Impacts of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention on Malaria Burden among under Five-Year-Old Children in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Ambe J. P. , Balogun S. T. , Waziri M. B. , Nglass I. N. , Saddiq A.
Published: July 2020

Malaria disproportionately affects all ages with a high burden among children below five years. Thus, control measures are deployed including Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC). The present study assessed the impacts of SMC on malaria burden among subjects aged 3–59 months in Borno State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) clusters were randomly selected from accessible 16 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State, Nigeria, and SMC was deployed in 10 of the clusters by administering a full dose of amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine at monthly intervals for 4 months consecutively. Three hundred and ninety-nine children were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and malaria-related data. Thick blood smear, thin blood smear, and capillary sample were collected two weeks after the 4th cycle of SMC. The prevalence of malaria and anaemia was determined among the subjects and for the clusters. The proportions of the female (46.4%; 185/399) and male (53.6%; 214/399) subjects were similar (p>0.05) with subjects aged 24–47 months (35.8%; 143/399) accounting for the highest proportion (p<0.05). Malaria prevalence was 10.3% (41/399) and was higher among non-SMC subjects (15.9%; 31/195) than among SMC subjects (4.9%; 10/204) (p<0.05, df = 1, χ2 = 10.8). Malaria prevalence was higher in non-SMC clusters (80.0%; 8/10) than in SMC clusters (30.0%; 3/10) (p<0.05, df = 1, χ2 = 40.5). The mean haematocrit of the 399 subjects was 34.0 ± 5.3% with an anaemia prevalence of 18.1% (72/399). The mean haematocrit was higher among SMC subjects (35.4 ± 5.0% vs. 33.1 ± 4.2%; p<0.05) while anaemia prevalence was higher among non-SMC subjects (21.5% vs. 14.6%; p<0.05, df = 1, χ2 = 2.8). Of the SMC subjects, 4.9% reported adverse drug reactions. SMC is safe and significantly reduced malaria burden among children in Borno State, and thus, the measure could be deployed in the state for effective malaria control.
SunSmart Accreditation and Use of a Professional Policy Drafting Service: Both Positively and Independently Associated with High Sun Protective Hat Scores Derived from Primary School Policies
Authors: Reeder A. I. , Iosua E. E. , McNoe B. , Petersen A.-C. L.
Published: July 2020

Background. The head and neck are exposed to the highest solar ultraviolet radiation levels and experience a disproportionate skin cancer burden. Sun protective hats can provide an effective barrier. Since early life exposure contributes to skin cancer risk, the World Health Organisation recommends prevention programmes in schools. The New Zealand SunSmart Schools programme is one example. Two criteria concern wearing hat outdoors: students are required to wear a hat providing protection for the face, neck, and ears; if a suitable hat is not worn, students must play in shaded areas. Objectives. To investigate two internationally relevant interventions as plausible statistical predictors of hat policy strength: (1) skin cancer primary prevention programme membership, (2) use of a professional policy drafting service. Methods. Of 1,242 (62%) eligible schools participating in a 2017 national survey, 1,137 reported a sun protection policy and 842 were available for categorising and allocating protective scores (0–3). Results. In multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression models of cross-sectional association, adjusted for school characteristics, SunSmart accredited schools and those utilising a policy drafting service were independently significantly more likely than their counterparts to obtain the most protective compared to the least protective hat score (respectively, RRR 6.48: 95% CI 3.66, 11.47; 7.47: 3.67, and 15.20). For the dichotomous shade measure, similar associations were found using adjusted logistic regression (OR 3.28: 95% CI 2.11, 5.09; 2.70: 1.54, 4.74). Conclusions. Our findings provide support for two plausible interventions that could potentially be implemented beneficially in primary schools via established infrastructure in any jurisdiction, internationally.
Influence of Family History of Breast or Ovarian Cancer on Pathological Complete Response and Long-Term Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Wunderle Marius , Häberle Lothar , Hein Alexander , Jud Sebastian M. , Lux Michael P. , Hack Carolin C. , Emons Julius , Heindl Felix , Nabieva Naiba , Loehberg Christian R. , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Hartmann Arndt , Beckmann Matthias W. , Fasching Peter A. , Gass Paul
Published: July 2020

Purpose: In breast cancer, a pathological complete response (pCR) has been described as generally resulting in a favorable prognosis. However, there are subgroups, such as patients with a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2,in which the effect of pCR on the prognosis is suspected to be weaker. Patients with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer may therefore react differently in relation to pCR and prognosis, and this is investigated in this study. Patients and Methods: Breast cancer patients were identified from a clinical breast cancer registry. The study subjects had been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2001 to 2018 and their pathological and clinical information as well as medical family history were available. They were considered to have a positive family history if they had at least 1 first-degree relative with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to study the association between family history, pCR (ypT0; ypN0), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Of 1,480 patients, 228 (15.4%) had a positive family history. The pCR rates were 24.9% in all patients, and 24.4% and 27.6% in those without/with a family history, respectively. Family history was not associated with a higher pCR rate (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85–1.76; p = 0.27) or a different disease-free survival (DFS; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.15; 95% CI 0.88–1.52; p = 0.30). pCR did not affect the prognosis differently in relation to family history. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, family history was not associated with pCR and DFS. pCR improved survival, independently of family history.
How to Intervene in the Caries Process in Children: A Joint ORCA and EFCD Expert Delphi Consensus Statement
Authors: Splieth Christian H. , Banerjee Avijit , Bottenberg Peter , Breschi Lorenzo , Campus Guglielmo , Ekstrand Kim Rud , Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Haak Rainer , Hannig Matthias , Hickel Reinhard , Juric Hrvoje , Lussi Adrian , Machiulskiene Vita , Manton David J. , Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Opdam Niek J.M. , Paris Sebastian , Santamaría Ruth M. , Schwendicke Falk , Tassery Herve , Ferreira Zandona Andrea , Zero Domenick T. , Zimmer Stefan , Doméjean Sophie
Published: July 2020

This paper provides recommendations for dentists for the treatment of dental caries in children, with an emphasis on early childhood caries (ECC), primary teeth, and occlusal surfaces in permanent teeth. A consensus workshop followed by an e-Delphi consensus process was conducted with an expert panel nominated by the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) and European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD)/German Association of Conservative Dentistry (DGZ) boards. Based on 3 systematic reviews and a nonsystematic literature search, recommendations were developed. The caries decline has led to a more polarized disease distribution in children and adolescents along social gradients which should be taken into account when managing the caries process at all levels, such as the individual, the group, or a population. The control or reduction of caries activity is the basis for successful caries management. In children, caries management requires adequate daily oral hygiene and fluoride application via toothpaste, ensured by caregivers, and especially for ECC prevention an emphasis on sugar intake reduction is needed. These noninvasive interventions are also suitable to arrest or control initial or even cavitated dentine caries lesions in the absence of irreversible pulpitis. Fluoride varnish or silver diammine fluoride can be added as supplementary agents. In pits and fissures, composite resin materials can be used as preventive sealants and for defect-oriented minimally invasive restorations. In primary molars, preformed metal crowns are more successful than multisurface fillings, especially in caries-active patients. With persisting high caries activity, multiple lesions, and limited cooperation, caries control should consist of robust measures with high success rates, even including extraction in selected cases. This applies especially to treatments performed under general anesthesia.
Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes among Women with Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Madej Anna , Mazanowska Natalia , Cyganek Anna , Pazik Joanna , Pietrzak Bronisława
Published: July 2020

Background: The outcomes of pregnancy in women with renal diseases remain controversial. The purpose of the study was to report fetal and maternal outcomes among women with glomerular disease in comparison with healthy pregnant women and a review of the current literature on this issue. Methods: Retrospective analysis included 72 pregnancies in 62 women with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis (GN) (in 65.3% of cases, immunoglobulin A nephropathy was found). The control group consisted of 315 healthy pregnant women. We assessed fetal (prematurity, low birth weight, hypotrophy, fetal malformation, or intrauterine death) and maternal (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, deterioration in kidney function, and maternal death) outcomes. Descriptive data analysis, Fisher’s exact test, unpaired Student’s t test, and ANOVA were performed. Results: Hypertension prevalence among the GN group and controls was 76.4 and 10.2%, respectively. Preeclampsia complicated 29.2% of pregnancies among women with GN and 2.9% of controls. In 8.3% of patients, at least a 50% decrease in GFR during pregnancy was observed. Preterm delivery prevalence in the GN group and controls was 74.7 and 12.7%, respectively. Hypotrophy was diagnosed in 12.5% of cases from the GN group and 5.4% of controls. The analysis showed that low estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, and proteinuria were risk factors of adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Women with GN are a risk factor of adverse pregnancy outcomes. As pregnancy complications are more prevalent across all the CKD stages, even in patients with near-normal kidney function, they require specialized care. It might be advisable to screen pregnant women for the presence of CKD, as especially in the early stage, it is often asymptomatic. Both hypertension and proteinuria are risk factors for neonatal and maternal complications.
Successful Thrombectomy via a Surgically Reopened Umbilical Vein for Extended Portal Vein Thrombosis Caused by Portal Vein Embolization prior to Extended Liver Resection
Authors: Derksen Wouter J.M. , de Jong Iris E.M. , Buis Carlijn I. , Reyntjens Koen M.E.M. , Kater G. Matthijs , Korteweg Tijmen , Mazuri Aryan , Porte Robert J.
Published: July 2020

Selective portal vein embolization (PVE) before extended liver surgery is an accepted method to stimulate growth of the future liver remnant. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) of the main stem and the non-targeted branches to the future liver remnant is a rare but major complication of PVE, requiring immediate revascularization. Without revascularization, curative liver surgery is not possible, resulting in a potentially life-threatening situation. We here present a new surgical technique to revascularize the portal vein after PVT by combining a surgical thrombectomy with catheter-based thrombolysis via the surgically reopened umbilical vein. This technique was successfully applied in a patient who developed thrombosis of the portal vein main stem, as well as the left portal vein and its branches to the left lateral segments after selective right-sided PVE in preparation for an extended right hemihepatectomy. The advantage of this technique is the avoidance of an exploration of hepatoduodenal ligament and a venotomy of the portal vein. The minimal surgical trauma facilitates additional intravascular thrombolytic therapy as well as the future right extended hemihepatectomy. We recommend this technique in patients with extensive PVT in which percutaneous less invasive therapies have been proven unsuccessful.
Fecal Lactoferrin and Other Stool Markers during Normal Pregnancy and in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gray James M. , Knight Kristin , Nguyen Vu Q. , Rubio Marrieth G. , Irby Lauren , Boone James H. , Sorrentino Dario
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) – both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) – during pregnancy can be challenging since most monitoring tools available in nonpregnant patients are contraindicated. Objectives: The aim of the study was to test whether fecal inflammatory markers – specifically fecal lactoferrin – physiologically change during normal pregnancy as a prerequisite to use them to monitor IBD activity during pregnancy. Methods: Fecal lactoferrin was tested in healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women from the same geographic area and age range (18–40 years) – all negative for clinical gastrointestinal tract inflammation. A retrospective review of fecal lactoferrin levels contrasted with the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD, and the Disease Activity Index for UC was also performed in women with active IBDs within the same age range and geographical area. Results: In 30 nonpregnant subjects, fecal lactoferrin levels were 0.87 ± 1.08 μg/g. In 49 pregnant subjects, levels were 0.59 ± 0.83, 0.87 ± 1.13, and 0.85 ± 1.06 μg/g during the first, second, and third trimester, respectively (p = 0.64), with average levels for the 3 trimesters of 0.81 ± 1.04 μg/g (p = 0.61 compared to nonpregnant subjects). Sequential fecal lactoferrin levels (n = 26) did not differ from one trimester to the other in the individual subjects (p = 0.80). In 45 female IBD patients (27 with CD and 18 with UC), fecal lactoferrin levels were correlated with disease activity as defined by the endoscopic scores: 218, 688, and 1,175 μg/g for CD and 931, 2,088, and 2,509 μg/g for UC, respectively, for mild, moderate, and severe activity. Conclusions: Fecal lactoferrin levels during normal pregnancy are superimposable to those of nonpregnant women and significantly below levels in women of the same childbearing age with active IBDs. Additional published data – reviewed in this atricle – and our own indicate that fecal lactoferrin and other markers can be potentially used to monitor disease activity in pregnant IBD patients.
La evidencialidad en artículos de J-blogs escritos en lengua española
Authors: Silva Daniel Stephanye Filgueiras da , Prata Nadja Paulino Pessoa , Silva Izabel Larissa Lucena
Published: July 2020

La evidencialidad es una categoría que se refiere a la fuente de información. Por ello, se busca verificar la inter-relación entre la manifestación del fenómeno lingüístico evidencialidad en lengua española y la construcción discursiva de los artículos de bitácoras periodísticas, desde la perspectiva funcionalista, más específicamente desde la Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF). A partir de los análisis del corpus de artículos de j-blogs retirados de dos periódicos más leídos en España, se verifica que el tipo de fuente más utilizado es tercero definido, seguido del tipo hablante (escritor), eso conlleva que, aunque el escritor tenga más ‘libertad’ en su construcción discursiva, parece preferir identificar otro como el origen de las informaciones que vehicula, a fin de conferir más ‘credibilidad’ a sus argumentaciones, puesto que crea la idea de que más gente comulga de su opinión.
Construcciones con aunque restrictivo + subjuntivo “polémico”: posibles abordajes en la clase de ELSE
Authors: Pacagnini Ana María Judith
Published: July 2020

En este artículo retomamos el estudio de las  construcciones concesivas con subjuntivo y su relevancia en la enseñanza de ELSE a partir de un nivel umbral, sobretodo frente a la posibilidad de que el subjuntivo (denominado temático o polémico) señale hechos que el hablante concibe como reales: Aunque pasen los años, Ud. no envejece. Defendemos que se presente el subjuntivo con valor factual como herramienta estratégica, de modo que el aprendiz sea sensible a factores como la prosodia y la posición de la prótasis concesiva, fundamentalmente cuando aunque introduce el segundo miembro de la construcción y adquiere un valor restrictivo (con mayor relieve informativo). Un tema en discusión es la alternancia modal en estas estructuras; buscamos corroborar la afirmación de Flamenco (1999, 2011), quien sostiene que el subjuntivo es posible solo cuando hay una pausa entre la subordinada y la principal. Asimismo, nuestra propuesta contempla la importancia de partir de la analogía entre aunque y pero.
La etimología como gesto glotopolítico. El caso del Diccionario etimológico del castellano usual (1931-1938) de Leopoldo Lugones
Authors: Lauria Daniela
Published: July 2020

Este artículo se centra en el Diccionario etimológico del castellano usual de Leopoldo Lugones (1931-1938) con el objetivo de dilucidar su posición sobre la lengua, en particular a partir de su propuesta lexicográfica, caracterizada por el énfasis puesto en el componente etimológico. El proyecto de Lugones participa en las intensas disputas que se suscitaron en el campo intelectual argentino de fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX en torno a las representaciones culturales. En particular, se pondrá el foco en las polémicas respecto de la cuestión de la lengua y la controvertida idea de formación de un “idioma de los argentinos”. La impugnación de varios de los criterios adoptados por ciertos diccionarios de regionalismos, indigenismos, americanismos o nacionales, a partir de la disruptiva modalidad lexicográfica fundada en la etimología, cobra sentido histórico en el marco de las nuevas condiciones políticas (pero también económicas, sociales, culturales y demográficas) que tuvieron lugar a partir de 1930 como consecuencia del primer golpe de estado en el país.
Corazón mestizo de Pedro Juan Gutiérrez y La Catedral de los Negros de Marcial Gala: dos intervenciones de la narrativa cubana reciente en el debate racial
Authors: Campos Julieta Karol Kabalin
Published: July 2020

Este artículo propone la lectura de dos obras de la literatura cubana reciente como un ejercicio reflexivo en torno a la problemática racial. Ambas, publicadas en las primeras décadas del nuevo siglo, coinciden en instalar, incluso desde sus títulos, preguntas en torno a la raza. Por un lado, Corazón mestizo. El delirio de Cuba de Pedro Juan Gutiérrez trae como interrogante la actualidad y pertinencia del concepto de mestizaje como definidor de la nacionalidad en pleno contexto de globalización y de supuesta desintegración de las identidades fijas y compactas que caracterizan al pensamiento moderno. Por el otro, La catedral de los negros de Marcial Gala compone una incómoda definición con la cual parecen ser despertados antiguos fantasmas que se creían extintos en la isla. De este modo, nos interesa indagar sobre las huellas y señales que cada una de las narrativas despliega en torno al tema teniendo en cuenta, por un lado, las peculiaridades de la historia del racismo y el debate racial en Cuba; por otro, la particular actualización y enfoque de la problemática en cada una de ellas.
Combining Optimized Image Processing With Dual Axis Rotational Angiography: Toward Low‐Dose Invasive Coronary Angiography
Authors: Buytaert Dimitri , Drieghe Benny , Van Heuverswyn Frédéric , De Pooter Jan , Gheeraert Peter , De Wolf Daniël , Taeymans Yves , Bacher Klaus
Published: July 2020

Background

Dual axis rotational coronary angiography (
DARCA
) reduces radiation exposure during coronary angiography on older x‐ray systems. The purpose of the current study is to quantify patient and staff radiation exposure using
DARCA
on a modality already equipped with dose‐reducing technology. Additionally, we assessed applicability of 1 dose area product to effective dose conversion factor for both
DARCA
and conventional coronary angiography (
CCA
) procedures.

Methods and Results

Twenty patients were examined using
DARCA
and were compared with 20 age‐, sex‐, and body mass index–matched patients selected from a prior study using
CCA
on the same x‐ray modality. All irradiation events are simulated using
PCXMC
(
STUK
, Finland) to determine organ and effective doses. Moreover, for
DARCA
each frame is simulated. Staff dose is measured using active personal dosimeters (DoseAware, Philips Healthcare, The Netherlands). With
DARCA
, median cumulative dose area product is reduced by 57% (ie, 7.41 versus 17.19 Gy·cm
2
). Effective dose conversion factors of
CCA
and
DARCA
are slightly different, yet this difference is not statistically significant. The occupational dose at physician's chest, leg, and collar level are reduced by 60%, 56%, and 16%, respectively, of which the first 2 reached statistical significance. Median effective dose is reduced from 4.75 mSv in
CCA
to 2.22 mSv in
DARCA
procedures, where the latter is further reduced to 1.79 mSv when excluding ventriculography.

Conclusions

During invasive coronary angiography,
DARCA
reduces radiation exposure even further toward low‐dose values on a system already equipped with advanced image processing and noise reduction algorithms. For both
DARCA
and
CCA
procedures, using 1 effective dose conversion factor of 0.30 mSv·Gy
−1
·cm
−2
is feasible.
Clinical Effectiveness of Cardiac Noninvasive Diagnostic Testing in Outpatients Evaluated for Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Roifman Idan , Sivaswamy Atul , Chu Anna , Austin Peter C. , Ko Dennis T. , Douglas Pamela S. , Wijeysundera Harindra C.
Published: July 2020

Background

Despite more than 4 million cardiac noninvasive diagnostic tests (
NIT
) being performed annually for stable coronary artery disease in the United States, it is unclear whether they are associated with downstream improvements in outcomes when compared with no testing. We sought to determine whether
NIT
was associated with reduced downstream major adverse cardiovascular events when compared with not testing.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based study of ≈1.5 million patients undergoing chest pain evaluation in Ontario, Canada. Patients were categorized into
NIT
and no‐testing groups. Cause‐specific proportional hazards models were used to compare the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (composite outcome of unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction or cardiovascular mortality and each constituent) between the 2 groups after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates. The rate of the composite outcome was ≈25% lower for patients undergoing noninvasive testing (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95%
CI
, 0.75–0.79). The benefits of testing were consistent for all 3 constituents of the composite; unstable angina (HR, 0.87; 95%
CI
, 0.82–0.93 for the
NIT
versus the no‐testing group), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.83; 95%
CI
, 0.79–0.86 for the
NIT
versus the no‐testing group) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.68; 95%
CI
, 0.65–0.72 for the
NIT
versus the no‐testing group).

Conclusions

Our large population‐based study reports an ≈25% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events that was independently associated with
NIT
in outpatients being evaluated for stable angina. This study demonstrates the prognostic importance of
NIT
versus no testing on the health of contemporary populations.
Religious Rituals as Civil hexis
Authors: Tofighi Fatima
Published: July 2020

In their attempt to question the assumption that rituals are merely symbolic, Talal Asad and Saba Mahmood tried to show that rituals have functioned as instruments. In Asad’s study of medieval Christianity and Mahmood’s work on mosque women, rituals function to make selves. These instrumentalist readings stand outside the usual modernist representational readings. For these anthropologists, the distinction between representational and instrumental understandings of rituals seems to be very clear. Nationalist modernist readings of Islamic rituals seem to confirm the representational logic, which apparently falls entirely outside the instrumental framework. In this paper, I intend to disturb this clear-cut distinction, and demonstrate that in many occasions the instrumental understanding is preceded by a representational interpretation, while the representational may, in turn, help create a civil subject. My evidences come from the Iranian Islamic literature in 1960s and 70s, viz. Mortaza Motahhari, Ali Shariʾati, Mehdi Barzargan, and the authors of Maktab-e Islam monthly. Although some of these intellectuals emphasized the instrumental nature of rituals in making the pious subject, others proposed different rationalizations—medical benefit, collective solidarity and order, and existential meaning. For these thinkers or their audience, there was no clear distinction between these justifications. It is true that many of them had a representational logic; but they contributed to making a proper civil subject. Hence, the instrumental-representational binary cannot always be maintained. Asad’s and Mahmood’s critiques of anthropological readings of rituals have yet to be qualified to take into account the prior interpretations and theological context of religious rituals, to highlight the conflation of the representational and instrumental frameworks in many modern rituals, and to note that deciding on the instrumentality of a particular ritual is not only significant when it is about constructing the interior of the private self, but may be involved in building larger communities.
Explaining the Modern Transformation of Islamic Legal Contracts: Theoretical and Practical Implications
Authors: Cebeci Ismail
Published: July 2020

This article both examines changing contexts and factors that cause transformation as well as shows their effects on Islamic finance contracts. Here the author addresses his general theories in terms of modern iǧtihād (independent reasoning) on modern Islamic finance contracts. The main question is: ‘How have changing contexts and factors affected the emergence and transformation of Islamic financial contracts?’ The study addresses contexts, factors, and conditions that severely transform contracts. More specifically, the author argues that modern Islamic finance contracts have been transformed by the effects of changing factors and contexts. The main objective is to uncover modern contractual developments in Islamic finance and show how this transformation has made its mark on modern Islamic finance contracts. The study consists of a presentation of historical background, an explanation of socio-economic and ideological-ethical contexts and factors creating change, and a discussion regarding their effects on modern Islamic contracts.
Governance of Land-based Negative-emission Technologies to Promote Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons from Australia
Authors: McCormack Phillipa C. , McDonald Jan , Brent Kerryn A.
Published: July 2020

Climate change is a fundamental threat to biodiversity. Climate mitigation in general, and Negative-Emission Technologies (nets) in particular, have the potential to benefit biodiversity by reducing climate impacts. Domestic laws could help to ensure that nets have benefits for biodiversity adaptation to climate change (e.g. reducing land clearing and habitat loss and facilitating habitat restoration, corridors for species’ migration, and broader ecological resilience). Domestic laws will also need to govern trade-offs between nets and biodiversity adaptation (e.g. increased competition for land and landscape-scale fragmentation by new industrial developments and linear infrastructure). We argue that domestic laws should be used to maximize the benefits of nets while minimizing trade-offs for biodiversity. These laws should ensure that trade-offs are, at the very least, explicit and transparent, both in terms of their implications for current biodiversity and in the context of an acceleration of climate-driven biodiversity decline.
Climate Change Liability: Comparing Risks for Directors in Jurisdictions of the Common and Civil Law
Authors: Weber Rolf H. , Hösli Andreas
Published: July 2020

Businesses are increasingly expected to consider the environmental and social impacts of their undertakings. In recent years, the focus has shifted to climate-change-related aspects of corporate behaviour. While climate change litigation against corporations continues to evolve globally, there is a growing debate with regard to directors’ duties: are directors expected to consider climate-change-related risks in their decision making? If yes, to what extent? The issue has received considerable attention from commentators in relation to common law jurisdictions, but so far it has been less discussed in relation to civil law countries. This article attempts to contribute to filling this gap by presenting a comparative analysis, with a main focus on claims based on corporate and securities law.
Application of the Polluter-pays Principle in Russian Legislation on Climate Change: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Kodolova Alena V. , Solntsev Alexander M.
Published: July 2020

The Russian Federation is the fourth largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. The article is a study of how these emissions are monitored in Russia. In the framework of the polluter-pays principle (ppp), the current Russian legislation on pollutants provides for payment only for methane emissions. No payments are established for any of the other greenhouse gases. The authors conclude that, at present, Russian legislation does not regulate action against climate change, although many political and legal documents are being adopted aimed at adapting to the effects of climate change. A draft statute “On State Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Absorption and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” is analysed. Despite the fact that this draft law is strongly opposed by the affected industries, the authors conclude that the adoption of this law and the creation of a targeted national climate fund will contribute to the implementation of the ppp in Russia for the purpose of combating climate change.
Knowing your Heart Reduces Emotion-Induced Time Dilation
Authors: Özoğlu Ezgi , Thomaschke Roland
Published: July 2020

Human timing and interoception are closely coupled. Thus, temporal illusions like, for example, emotion-induced time dilation, are profoundly affected by interoceptive processes. Emotion-induced time dilation refers to the effect when emotion, especially in the arousal dimension, leads to the systematic overestimation of intervals. The close relation to interoception became evident in previous studies which showed increased time dilation when participants focused on interoceptive signals. In the present study we show that individuals with particularly high interoceptive accuracy are able to shield their timing functions to some degree from interference by arousal. Participants performed a temporal bisection task with low-arousal and high-arousal stimuli, and subsequently reported their interoceptive accuracy via a questionnaire. A substantial arousal-induced time dilation effect was observed, which was negatively correlated with participants’ interoceptive accuracy. Our findings support a pivotal role of interoception in temporal illusions, and are discussed in relation to neuropsychological accounts of interoception.
A new Indian species of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887, with a new combination and a new synonymy of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) (Araneae, Tetragnathinae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , CALEB JOHN T.D. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: July 2020

The spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Tetragnathidae) currently has 34 nominal species distributed in Afrotropical region, Indo-Malaya, Nearctic, Neotropics, Oceania and Palearctic regions (Cabra-García & Brescovit 2016; World Spider Catalog 2020). It has one representative in India: Glenognatha dentata (Zhu & Wen, 1978) (World Spider Catalog 2020). The genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 currently comprises 46 nominal species distributed in Africa, Holarctic, South and South-East Asia (World Spider Catalog 2020). Biswas and Roy (2004) recorded this genus in India, while they described Pachygnatha silentvalliensis Biswas & Roy, 2004. The species is known from its original verbal description only since the genitalic illustrations were apparently not published along with the description (Biswas & Roy 2004), thus leaving its identity obscured. To redescribe and illustrate this species, we examined its type material and found that Biswas and Roy (2004) had misidentified the species and in fact it belongs to Tylorida Simon, 1894. In this paper, we describe a new Glenognatha species from the southern Western Ghats of India, transfer Dyschiriognatha ganeshi Bodkhe, Manthen & Tanikawa, 2014 to Glenognatha and synonymise P. silentvalliensis with Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901).
Rhachiella malawica gen. nov., spec. nov. from Malawi—another beauty of the Afrotropics (Neuroptera: Rhachiberothidae)
Authors: ASPÖCK ULRIKE , ASPÖCK HORST , JOHNSON JAMES B. , DONGA TRUST KASAMBALA , DUELLI PETER
Published: July 2020

A new species and a new genus of Rhachiberothidae, Rhachiella malawica gen. nov., spec. nov., are described from Malawi. The new species is characterized by a flat vertex, a long penisfilum in the male, and by a bifurcate pseudohypocauda in the female. This combination of characters requires the description of a new genus, which is the sister taxon of Mucroberotha Tjeder, 1959. This is the first record of Rhachiberothidae in Malawi. The distributions of all 14 species of Rhachiberothidae so far known are shown in three maps.