bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing Vindonissa as a living document – A case-study of digital reconstruction for output to pre-rendered and real-time applications
Authors: Christen Jonas
Published: December 2017

The legion camp “Vindonissa” in Switzerland is considered one of the most important roman sites north of the alps. Research there has been going on for over a century and reconstructive drawings have always been a way to showcase scientific findings of the site, the earliest of them dating back as far as 1909.In 2015, it was decided to produce a new series of illustrations. The whole camp and its surrounding settlements had to be constructed as hand-generated 3D models, allowing for quick changes during the reconstructive process and flexibility in future adaptations. Topographical data, archaeological plans as well as building profiles provided by experts were the basis for the model.The main focus was on a general impression of the camp and not on individual buildings but some landmarks as the newly postulated circus were crafted with a higher level of detail as they are the topic of scientific discourse and it helps the discussion if they have a certain fidelity. The circus also serves as a good example for the value of the imaging process in research: Only after trying to fit it into the topography it was noted that it would overlap with a street that was previously thought to run through this area. In the discussion between archaeologists and illustrators a new path for the street was chosen that fits into the landscape and is scientifically acceptable.The new series of illustrations was originally published in the annual report of the archaeological society Vindonissa. The resulting model represents the current state of research but mainly serves as a starting point for future discussion: All buildings are constructed so that they can easily be adapted for real-time use and a Virtual Reality application is the logical next step for its use.
Digitization of the Cultural Heritage of Slovakia. Combining of Lidar Data and Photogrammetry
Authors: Minaroviech Jana
Published: December 2017

During the years 2013-2016 a great number of buildings (medieval castles, churches and other monuments) in Slovakia were digitized. STUDIO 727 was the main provider of these digitalization works.

The subject of our investigation was the most significant Slovakian historical objects. Within the digitalization project we have created 3D models of the most important Slovakian monuments, as e.g. Bojnice castle, gothic church in Spišský Štvrtok or Devin castle, where there are also artifacts from Roman period, La Tène era and Middle Ages.

The aim of the project was to identify current technological possibilities for the creation of virtual presentations of real spaces. During the creation of the 3D models we used a combination of Photogrammetry and 3D space scanning by laser scanner LIDAR (Leica brand). Final modification of laser outputs was made using Cyclone software. Post processing was done with Capture Reality, Autodesk Maya and MeshLab software. 2D documentation was made using AutoCAD.

The purpose of documentation was to capture the appearance of historical buildings and historical building technologies, to keep culture heritage for next generation. Some monuments, which have been falling apart progressively, were documented. The documentation created will contribute to culture heritage publicity and provides documentation for the future renovation of these particular monuments. The Entry of this project was the process of creating 3D virtual models and 2D documentation.

Contribution was created thanks to EU project, within the Operational program Informatization of society. Project was supported by The Ministry of Culture of Slovak Republic and Government Office of Slovak Republic.
A Medieval Bishop's Palace in Milicz: 3D Reconstruction as a Method of a Research Hypotheses Presentation
Authors: Kolenda Justyna , Markiewicz Małgorzata
Published: December 2017

As a result of the intensive development of multimedia 3D visualizations of various kinds of historically, artistically or scientifically valuable objects became standard at the beginning of the 21st century. What triggered the construction of three-dimensional visualizations was the will to protect the cultural heritage – especially historical monuments which are in ruins and exposed to further destruction – as well as the need to disseminate the information about such objects not only among the small group of specialists. Another reason of that is to verify the existing proposals of reconstructions or research hypotheses. The bishop’s palace in Milicz was probably built in the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century. It was a brick building referring to the type of layout of princely buildings known in Silesia. Erection of the building in Milicz was connected with the creation of the Church castellany in this area. Visualisation of the oldest phase of the bishop’s palace in Milicz is part of the project: Regni custodiam et clavem – Santok and clavis regni Poloniae – Milicz as an example of two border towns, implemented by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and financed from the funds of the National Program for the Development of Humanities for the years 2011-2017 (number 11H 11 0184 80). Virtual reconstructions were based on the analysis and interpretation of source materials, in accordance with the guidelines contained in the London Charter. The purpose of the visualization is to introduce residents of Milicz and tourists to history of the building and, in the long run, to take steps by local authorities towards preservation and revitalization of the bishop’s palace.
3D Applications in Conservation and Connoisseurship: Investigating and Supplementing the Scholarly Catalogues of the Red Faun
Authors: Ratigan Angela Marie
Published: December 2017

Focusing on the Capitoline Red Faun, this paper concerns the 3-dimensional digital model (3DDM) and its potential utility in creating accurate conservation condition reports. Tradition condition reports verbally express information about the state of a work of art, such as its preservation or past restorations, and are often supplemented with photographs or drawings. The various historical catalogues that have appraised the condition of the Capitoline Red Faun, more aptly referred to as “scholarly catalogues” demonstrate the potential for ambiguity within this practice; of the five accounts appraising the state of the Red Faun, no two agree on which parts are ancient and which belong to the eighteenth-century restorations of Bartolomeo Cavaceppi and Clemente Bianchi. Given that this sculpture is included within the art historical canon of Hellenistic sculpture, a new condition report is timely. This paper undertakes an exhaustive analysis of the various joins and offers another condition report, this one illustrated with an interactive, annotated 3DDM. When served to the public and scholars alike, these interactive condition reports can act as a critical tool, garnering interest in and facilitating re-appraisals of status such as the Capitoline Red Faun.
Assessing the Organic Pollution and Aquaculture Activity of Surface water at Shatt-Al-Arab Estuary Southern of Iraq
Authors: M. Al-Hejuje Makia , Al-Saad Prof. Hamid Talib , Hussain Najah A.
Published: December 2017

Surface water samples were collected monthly from December, 2012 to November, 2013 at the middle part of Shatt Al-Arab Estuary at Basrah city during the low tide period to assess the organic pollution status using the Organic Pollution Index (OPI), and the aquaculture activities using Minimum Operator Concept (MOC). Results of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonium, nitrite and orthophosphate were used to calculate OPI, while dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphate and turbidity were used to calculate MOC. Results showed that OPI values range from 4.5 - 4.75 referred to weak organic–non organic pollution status. On the other hand, the water of Shatt Al-Arab Estuary can be considered as medium–excellent water for aquaculture activity according to the MOC range (66.67 - 93.33). Keywords: Estuary, Surface water, Organic Pollution Index, Aquaculture activity, Minimum Operator Concept
Are Zooxanthellae Really Sensitive? Response of Zooxanthellae Size Exposed to Several Pollutants
Authors: Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Ko'ou Alferd Y.
Published: December 2017

Pollution is one of the important issues faced by marine resources including zooxanthellae, which is known to be very sensitive to environmental changes. Some pollutants have been reported to have adverse effects on zooxanthellae, however, their sensitivity in regards to changes on cell size of these algae has not been widely explored. This study examined the effects of pollutants on the sensitivity of zooxanthellae through changes in size. Zooxanthellae were isolated from corals Porites lutea, Acropora aspera, and Montipora digitata collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. These algae were exposed to pollutants i.e. heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb) and nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) at concentrations of 5,10,15 ppb and 5,10,15 μM, respectively. Zooxanthellae size were measured five hours after pollutants exposure. The results showed that all treatments reduced the size of zooxanthellae. Algae isolated from P. lutea are the least affected by pollutants and the highest percentage cell size reduction was found in phosphate treatment. However, reduction on the size of algae were not statistically significant. These results indicate that in relation to reduction in the size, zooxanthellae are not sensitive to pollutants. Keywords: Zooxanthellae, pollutants, sensitivity, size reduction
Introduction
Authors: Biran Michal
Published: December 2017

The Mongol empire (1206–1368) caused massive transformations in the composition and functioning of elites across Eurasia. While the Mongols themselves obviously became the new Eurasian elite, their small number as compared to the huge territory over which they ruled and their initial inexperience in administrating sedentary realms meant that many of their subjects also became part of the new multi-ethnic imperial elite. Mongol preferences, and the high level of mobility—both spatial and social—that accompanied Mongol conquests and rule, dramatically changed the characteristics of elites in both China and the Muslim world: While noble birth could be instrumental in improving one’s status, early surrender to Chinggis Khan; membership in the Mongol imperial guards (keshig); and especially, qualifications—such as excellence in warfare, administration, writing in Mongolian script or astronomy to name but a few—became the main ways to enter elite circles. The present volume translates and analyzes biographies of ten members of this new elite—from princes through generals, administrators, and vassal kings, to scientists and artists; including Mongols, Koreans, Chinese and Muslims—studied by researchers working at the project “Mobility, Empire and Cross Cultural Contacts in Mongol Eurasia” at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The annotated biographies assembled here not only add new primary sources—translated from Chinese, Persian and Arabic—to the study of the Mongol Empire. They also provide important insights into the social history of the period, illuminating issues such as acculturation (of both the Mongols and their subjects), Islamization, family relations, ethnicity, imperial administration, and scientific exchange.
A Multidimensional Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors in Housing Policy in the Eurozone Countries (2010–2014)
Authors: Santos António Duarte , Silva Nelson Tavares da , Castela Guilherme
Published: December 2017

The latest global economic and financial crisis has had adverse social consequences in many areas, including income and the social situation of households and their living conditions, especially when the housing phenomenon is addressed. The reality of this uncertainty has made the study of the housing phenomenon even more relevant, in particular from the perspective of an analysis of its evolution. In this context, we revisit EUROSTAT’s databases. This analysis was done for twelve Euro Area countries over five years, using the HJ-BIPLOT method developed by Galindo (1986). This multidimensional approach identified and represented twelve Eurozone sample countries in latent constructs of reduced dimensionality related to the housing policy problem. The simultaneous factorial representation identified (a) the most relevant variables to characterize these countries, (b) their trajectories during the period in analysis, and (c) the relations between variables, between countries, and between variables and countries. This approach also identified the most significant factors contributing to the countries' performance. This methodological approach can be useful in housing research, when studying data of a multivariate nature, and is also, by its visual interpretation, a potential tool for producing richer information not only for academia but also for policy makers.
Politische Urteilskraft – Zur Aktualität eines traditionellen Begriffs
Authors: Esser Andrea Marlen
Published: December 2017

In contemporary political discourse, in which many democratic relationships hitherto taken to be self-explanatory and stable have begun to falter somewhat, a call for judgement has, after a lengthy interval, made itself heard again. Yet even if it is in some way clear to us what is meant by political judgement, and clear, too, that it is certainly useful for political actors or institutions to have political judgement at their disposal, it is, nevertheless, difficult to specify the concept precisely. What can we, and what should we, understand by “political judgement”? This essay attempts to address the question. In a first step (1) I try to indicate something of the relevant “disposition” involved. I then (2) take a brief look at conceptions of judgement which have been tried out to date, at least within the philosophical tradition. Here I concentrate on Hannah Arendt’s famous, yet fragmentary and incomplete, contribution and her reflections on Kant’s Critique of Judgment, in which she develops a political reading of what Kant called the “Maxims of Judgment”. In a third step (3) I will briefly elucidate these. In my view, however, we should not be content to leave the matter with Arendt’s reflections. For this reason, I also attempt a pragmatist transformation of these maxims. In a fourth step (4) I try to indicate the consequences which this might have for the way in which theories are formulated in political philosophy.
Sinapinic and protocatechuic acids found in rapeseed: isolation, characterisation and potential benefits for human health as functional food ingredients
Authors: Quinn Leah , Gray Steven G. , Meaney Steven , Finn Stephen , Kenny Owen , Hayes Maria
Published: December 2017

Rapeseed is one of the world’s major oilseeds, and rapeseed oil is produced by pressing of the seeds. This process results in the production of a low-economic-value by-product, rapeseed meal, which is commonly used as animal feed. Rapeseed meal is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, including sinapinic acid (SA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA). Isolation of these bioactive compounds from a by-product of rapeseed oil production is largely in agreement with the current concept of the circular economy and total utilisation of crop harvest using a biorefinery approach. In this review, current information concerning traditional and novel methods to isolate phenolic compounds – including SA and PCA – from rapeseed meal, along with in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the bioactivity of SA and PCA and their associated health effects, is collated. These health effects include anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes activities, along with histone deacetylase inhibition and protective cardiovascular, neurological and hepatic effects. The traditional extraction methods include use of solvents and/or enzymes. However, a need for simpler, more efficient methodologies has led to the development of novel extraction processes, including microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, pulsed electric field and high-voltage electrical discharge extraction processes.
Crazy Making: The Institutional Relations of Undergraduate Nursing in the Reproduction of Biomedical Psychiatry
Authors: Adam Simon
Published: December 2017

Undergraduate mental health nursing education has been extensively discussed among nursing scholars, educators, and curriculum experts. While various perspectives have weighed in on mental health nursing education in Canada, little attention has been paid to understanding the relationship between biomedical psychiatry and undergraduate nursing education. Using institutional ethnography, this article examines the social and textual relations which characterize this relationship. Beginning in the everyday teaching and learning work of faculty members and nursing students in a collaborative baccalaureate nursing program, the social organization of mental health nursing education is explicated and the textual processes are outlined. Findings suggest the presence of an institutional and discursive dominance of mental health nursing education by biomedical psychiatry. Implications for nursing education and recommendations to better balance mental health nursing education are outlined.
Are Online and Offline Advertising Substitutes or Complements? Evidence from U.S. Food Industries
Authors: He Xi , Lopez Rigoberto , Liu Yizao
Published: December 2017

This article investigates the substitution between online advertising (ONLA) and offline advertising (OFFLA) as well as the impact of adopting ONLA on the total cost of advertising. We estimate an advertising translog cost function at the product-brand level, using monthly observations between 2005 and 2011 for each of three industries: beer, ready-to-eat cereals, and carbonated soft drinks. Although in all three industries we find that traditional media (TV and print) advertisements are close substitutes, we also find that ONLA is a complement to, rather than a substitute for, both TV and print media advertising. This may be explained by ONLA’s targeting younger market segments and acting as a reinforcement of TV and print media advertising exposure. Further results show that the adoption of ONLA has lowered the cost of advertising for achieving a sales target and that its complementarity effect is weakening over time.
Introduction to the Special Issue in Honor of Professor Emilio Pagoulatos
Authors: Lopez Elena , Lopez Rigoberto A.
Published: December 2017

To commemorate and recognize four decades of research, teaching and mentoring by Professor Emilio Pagoulatos, we compiled a volume of articles in his honor. His legacy spans four U.S. universities and a second generation of scholars. This volume contains a sample of the extensive work he co-authored or influenced in the area of agricultural and food industrial organization.
The Genus Woronichinia (Cyanobacteria) in Natural Lakes of Drawa National Park (Poland)
Authors: Nowicka-Krawczyk Paulina B. , Żelazna-Wieczorek Joanna
Published: December 2017

Woronichinia Elenkin is a cyanobacteria genus characteristic of lentic ecosystems. The type species, W. naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin, often blooms in the plankton of eutrophic reservoirs but this genus also contains species sensitive to high nutrient concentrations. The study analyzed the diversity and biomass of Woronichinia in lakes in a national park, isolated from the direct impact of human activity. The lakes were in various trophic states resulting from gradual and natural changes of trophy. Trophy was assessed with the use of the trophic diatom index, according to the classification we proposed for natural lakes. The relationship between the biomass and the trophic state of lakes was investigated with the use of multivariate unconstrained analysis with supplementary variables. Five species of Woronichinia were identified in all trophic types of lakes except for two oligotrophic ones: W. compacta (Lemmerm.) Komárek & Hindák, W. delicatula (Skuja) Komárek & Hindák, W. karelica Komárek & Komárk.-Legn., W. obtusa Joosten and W. naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin. The occurrence and biomass of the species were related to the trophic state of the lakes. The absence of Woronichinia in two oligotrophic lakes could be due to the high concentration of humic compounds in the sediments. The low nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio characteristic of the oligo-mesotrophic lakes resulted in increased species diversity. The lakes’ isolation from human activity fostered the development of rare and sensitive species such as W. delicatula and W. karelica.
Juncus Squarrosus (Juncaceae) in Romania: Its First Certain Occurrence and a New Plant Association for the Romanian Vegetation
Authors: Frink József Pál , Coldea Gheorghe , Sass-Gyarmati Andrea , Pócs Tamás , Jakab Gusztáv
Published: December 2017

This study confirms the first certain occurrence of Juncus squarrosus L., an Atlantic species, in the Romanian native flora. Characteristic plant communities with J. squarrosus occur in the Apuseni Mts (Western Romanian Carpathians). At these sites J. squarrosus has the southeastern limit of its European distribution. The identified plant communities with J. squarrosus in Romania are devoid of some Atlantic species present in Western and Central European communities and therefore are assigned to the Nardo-Juncetum squarrosi (Nordh. 1920) Bük. 1942 association. This plant community is a new syntaxon for the Romanian vegetation.
Discursive construction of human rights violations: the case of the Chilean Rettig report
Authors: Cock Barbara De , Maturana Daniel Michaud
Published: December 2017

Drawing on discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics, this paper analyzes the discursive construction of human rights violations in the report of the Chilean Truth and Reconciliation Commission, also called Rettig Commission. We show that there is a strong contrast in how the victims and perpetrators are represented in the case descriptions. While the victims are clearly identified, the perpetrators are not identified individually. Moreover, through a variety of strategies, the agent of the human rights violations often remains vague or unexpressed. Furthermore, we show that different sources of information are included in the event description – entailing different windows of attention – save the perpetrator’s testimonies. By doing so, the report clearly privileges in its discursive construction of the events the non-attribution of responsibility over the completeness of information principle.
The Joseph Story: Diaspora Novella or North-Israelite Narrative?
Authors: Blum Erhard , Weingart Kristin
Published: December 2017

In der neueren exegetischen Forschung verfestigt sich ein Trend, die Josephsgeschichte in die nachexilische Zeit zu datieren und sie als Reflex der Diasporaerfahrung zu interpretieren. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sich diese Ansetzung nicht halten lässt. Ihr steht nicht nur die literarhistorische Stratigraphie der Genesis entgegen, welche die Josephsgeschichte unter anderem als vorpriesterliche Komposition ausweist. Vielmehr gibt die Erzählung selbst näher besehen keine signifikanten Bezüge zu einer Diasporasituation zu erkennen, wie auch ein Vergleich mit der aus ägyptischer Perspektive gleichermaßen im Ausland spielenden Sinuhe-Erzählung bestätigt, mit der die Josephsgeschichte deutliche Parallelen verbinden. Stratigraphie sowie Plot und (insbesondere) Pragmatik erweisen die Josephsgeschichte demgegenüber als Nordreichsüberlieferung, als eine meisterhafte Erzählung, die im 8. Jahrhundert v. Chr., am ehesten unter Jerobeam II., entstanden ist.
Use of a Sibling Subtraction Method for Identifying Causal Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Joseph Braveen B , Blouin Nicolas A , Fay David S
Published: December 2017

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is an indispensable tool for identifying causal mutations obtained from genetic screens. To reduce the number of causal mutation candidates typically uncovered by WGS, Caenorhabditis elegans researchers have developed several strategies. One involves crossing N2-background mutants to the polymorphic Hawaiian (HA) strain, which can be used to simultaneously identify mutant strain variants and obtain high-density mapping information. This approach, however, is not well suited for uncovering mutations in complex genetic backgrounds, and HA polymorphisms can alter phenotypes. Other approaches make use of DNA variants present in the initial background or introduced by mutagenesis. This information is used to implicate genomic regions with high densities of DNA lesions that persist after backcrossing, but these methods can provide lower resolution than HA mapping. To identify suppressor mutations using WGS, we developed an approach termed the sibling subtraction method (SSM). This method works by eliminating variants present in both mutants and their nonmutant siblings, thus greatly reducing the number of candidates. We used this method with two members of the C. elegans NimA-related kinase family, nekl-2 and nekl-3. Combining weak aphenotypic alleles of nekl-2 and nekl-3 leads to penetrant molting defects and larval arrest. We isolated ∼50 suppressors of nekl-2; nekl-3 synthetic lethality using F1 clonal screening methods and a peel-1–based counterselection strategy. When applied to five of the suppressors, SSM led to only one to four suppressor candidates per strain. Thus SSM is a powerful approach for identifying causal mutations in any genetic background and provides an alternative to current methods.
Mild Telomere Dysfunction as a Force for Altering the Adaptive Potential of Subtelomeric Genes
Authors: Mason Jennifer M O , McEachern Michael J
Published: December 2017

Subtelomeric regions have several unusual characteristics, including complex repetitive structures, increased rates of evolution, and enrichment for genes involved in niche adaptation. The adaptive telomere failure hypothesis suggests that certain environmental stresses can induce a low level of telomere failure, potentially leading to elevated subtelomeric recombination that could result in adaptive mutational changes within subtelomeric genes. Here, we tested a key prediction of the adaptive telomere failure hypothesis—that telomere dysfunction mild enough to have little or no overall effect on cell fitness could still lead to substantial increases in the mutation rates of subtelomeric genes. Our results show that a mutant of Kluyveromyces lactis with stably short telomeres produced a large increase in the frequency of mutations affecting the native subtelomeric β-galactosidase (LAC4) gene. All lac4 mutants examined from strains with severe telomere dysfunction underwent terminal deletion/duplication events consistent with being due to break-induced replication. In contrast, although cells with mild telomere dysfunction also exhibited similar terminal deletion and duplication events, up to 50% of lac4 mutants from this background unexpectedly contained base changes within the LAC4 coding region. This mutational bias for producing base changes demonstrates that mild telomere dysfunction can be well suited as a force for altering the adaptive potential of subtelomeric genes.
Tektonische Verwerfungen im Einheitlichen Aufsichtsmechanismus (SSM) der Bankenunion – Kritische Betrachtungen aus Anlass der L-Bank-Entscheidung des EuG
Authors: Kämmerer Jörn Axel
Published: December 2017

Die Übertragung der Aufsicht über Großbanken in der Eurozone auf die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) ist – ganz ohne Spuren im Primärrecht zu hinterlassen – eine der wichtigsten wesentlichen institutionellen Veränderungen, welche die Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise nach sich zog. Was sie für das Kompetenzgefüge zwischen Union und Mitgliedstaaten bedeutet und ob im Einheitlichen Aufsichtsmechanismus (SSM) der EZB die ausschließliche Zuständigkeit für die mikroprudenzielle Aufsicht über Kreditinstitute der Eurozone übertragen worden ist oder durch Rechtsakt übertragen werden durfte, war bislang offen. Das EuG hat, gestützt vor allem auf den Wortlaut der SSM-Verordnung, seinem Urteil in der Rechtssache L-Bank eine solche ausschließliche EZB-Kompetenz zugrunde gelegt und die zuständigen Bankaufsichtsbehörden der Mitgliedstaaten (National Competent Authorities – NCA) zu dezentral operierenden Vollzugshelfern für Frankfurt heruntergestuft. Die Abhandlung zeigt auf, warum die Annahme des EuG im Ansatz verfehlt ist und das Gericht mit ihr ohne Not die rechtspolitische Büchse der Pandora geöffnet haben könnte. Sie wirft zugleich die Frage auf, ob eine Hochzonung und Zentralisierung der auf die Abwehr von Systemrisiken fokussierten Bankenaufsicht, die selbst vor staatlichen Förderbanken nicht Halt macht, interessengerecht sein kann.
KOMPENSACIJA KAIP ĮMOKOS Į NUKENTĖJUSIŲ NUO NUSIKALTIMŲ ASMENŲ FONDĄ TIKSLAS
Authors: Levon Justyna
Published: December 2017

Author analyses the penal effect measure called contribution to the fund of a crime victims, which was implemented in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania in 2000. Article identifies the compensational aim of this measure and its meaning to the State compensation system for damages caused by violent crimes.
MULTIMODALINIO KROVINIŲ VEŽIMO TEISINIS (NE)REGULIAVIMAS LIETUVOJE
Authors: Mitkevičius Vilius
Published: December 2017

Author analyses legal regulation of multimodal carriage in the Republic of Lithuania and the law applicable to the multimodal contract for the carriage of goods. The article contains suggestions how to improve the legal regulation in Lithuania as well.
GALIMAI PADARYTOS NUSIKALSTAMOS VEIKOS PAAIŠKĖJIMO ARBITRAŽE TEISINIAI PADARINIAI
Authors: Varapnickas Tadas
Published: December 2017

This article analyses the rights and obligations of the arbitral tribunal, arbitral institution and national court when it is suspected that a crime was committed and arbitration is used in order to hide the crime or legalise the consequences thereof. The article assesses whether the abovementioned institutions have competence to take any measures to prevent the legalisation of a crime. It also examines whether an obligation to inform law enforcement agencies exists.
Molecular Biomarkers of Primary and Acquired Resistance to T-Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy in Cancer: Landscape, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Oh Michael S. , Giles Francis J.
Published: December 2017

The emergence of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment in recent years. Inhibitors of immune checkpoints, including antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death protein 1, and programmed death ligand 1, have demonstrated notable efficacy in certain advanced cancers. Unfortunately, many patients do not benefit from these therapies and either exhibit primary resistance to treatment or develop acquired mechanisms of resistance after initially responding to therapy. Here, we review the genomic and immune traits that may promote resistance to T-cell-mediated immunotherapy, with a focus on identifying potential biomarkers that could eventually be used in the clinical setting to guide treatment selection. We summarize the clinical evidence for these markers and discuss how current understanding of resistance mechanisms can inform future studies and aid clinical decision-making in order to derive maximum benefit from immunotherapy.

Implications for Practice

Immunotherapy has rapidly progressed as a treatment modality for multiple cancers, but it is still unclear which patients are likely to benefit from these therapies. Studies of resistance mechanisms have only recently started to identify biomarkers that can help predict patient outcomes. This review summarizes the available clinical data in regard to immunotherapy resistance, with a focus on molecular biomarkers that may be useful in guiding clinical decision-making. It discusses possible applications of these biomarkers and highlights opportunities for further clinical discovery.
FDA Benefit-Risk Assessment of Osimertinib for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M Mutation
Authors: Odogwu Lauretta , Mathieu Luckson , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Larkins Erin , Fiero Mallorie H. , Rodriguez Lisa , Bijwaard Karen , Lee Eunice Y. , Philip Reena , Fan Ingrid , Donoghue Martha , Keegan Patricia , McKee Amy , Pazdur Richard
Published: December 2017

On March 30, 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved osimertinib for the treatment of patients with metastatic, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has progressed following EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Approval was based on demonstration of a statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) when comparing osimertinib with chemotherapy in an international, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial (AURA3). In this confirmatory trial, which enrolled 419 patients, the PFS hazard ratio for osimertinib compared with chemotherapy per investigator assessment was 0.30 (95% confidence interval 0.23–0.41), p < .001, with median PFS of 10.1 months in the osimertinib arm and 4.4 months in the chemotherapy arm. Supportive efficacy data included PFS per blinded independent review committee demonstrating similar PFS results and an improved confirmed objective response rate per investigator assessment of 65% and 29%, with estimated median durations of response of 11.0 months and 4.2 months, in the osimertinib and chemotherapy arms, respectively. Patients received osimertinib 80 mg once daily and had a median duration of exposure of 8 months. The toxicity profile of osimertinib compared favorably with the profile of other approved EGFR TKIs and chemotherapy. The most common adverse drug reactions (>20%) in patients treated with osimertinib were diarrhea, rash, dry skin, nail toxicity, and fatigue. Herein, we review the benefit-risk assessment of osimertinib that led to regular approval, for patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR TKI whose disease has progressed on or after EGFR TKI therapy.

Implications for Practice

Osimertinib administered to metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring an EGFR T790M mutation, who have progressed on or following EGFR TKI therapy, demonstrated a substantial improvement over platinum-based doublet chemotherapy as well as durable intracranial responses. The ability to test for the T790M mutation in plasma using the FDA-approved cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) identifies patients with NSCLC tumors not amenable to biopsy. Since a 40% false-negative rate has been observed with the circulating tumor DNA test, re-evaluation of the feasibility of tissue biopsy is recommended to identify patients with a false-negative plasma test result who may benefit from osimertinib.
CHIP Regulates Aquaporin-2 Quality Control and Body Water Homeostasis
Authors: Wu Qi , Moeller Hanne B. , Stevens Donté A. , Sanchez-Hodge Rebekah , Childers Gabrielle , Kortenoeven Marleen L.A. , Cheng Lei , Rosenbaek Lena L. , Rubel Carrie , Patterson Cam , Pisitkun Trairak , Schisler Jonathan C. , Fenton Robert A.
Published: December 2017

The importance of the kidney distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and cortical collecting duct (CCD) is highlighted by various water and electrolyte disorders that arise when the unique transport properties of these segments are disturbed. Despite this critical role, little is known about which proteins have a regulatory role in these cells and how these cells can be regulated by individual physiologic stimuli. By combining proteomics, bioinformatics, and cell biology approaches, we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP is highly expressed throughout the collecting duct; is modulated in abundance by vasopressin; interacts with aquaporin-2 (AQP2), Hsp70, and Hsc70; and can directly ubiquitylate the water channel AQP2 in vitro. shRNA knockdown of CHIP in CCD cells increased AQP2 protein t
1/2 and reduced AQP2 ubiquitylation, resulting in greater levels of AQP2 and phosphorylated AQP2. CHIP knockdown increased the plasma membrane abundance of AQP2 in these cells. Compared with wild-type controls, CHIP knockout mice or novel CRISPR/Cas9 mice without CHIP E3 ligase activity had greater AQP2 abundance and altered renal water handling, with decreased water intake and urine volume, alongside higher urine osmolality. We did not observe significant changes in other water- or sodium-transporting proteins in the gene-modified mice. In summary, these results suggest that CHIP regulates AQP2 and subsequently, renal water handling.
Didáctica de la web conference en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Ganino Giovanni
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: El fin  de este estudio es  indagar las prácticas metodológicas y tecnológicas del e-learning que se realizan en la Universidad de Ferrara, donde una parte de la oferta formativa se ha estructurado según un modelo didáctico que se basa en la integración de la lección en el aula con metodologías de la web conference.Método: Durante el primer año de aplicación del modelo, los cursos que participaron fueron 43, los estudiantes inscriptos en esta modalidad fueron 204 y el total de las horas de clase integradas con el uso de tecnologías, 1339. En su segundo año de experimento el modelo se aplicó a 105 estudiantes que pertenecían a 6 cursos de grado y másteres, las horas de clases presenciales integradas con el uso de tecnologías fueron 4.328, los estudiantes participantes 890.Resultados: Evidencian, por una parte, una serie de elementos críticos; por otra, una serie de beneficios importantes, gracias a la posibilidad de apoyar eficazmente el estudio de estudiantes trabajadores o no presenciales; al gradual acercamiento al uso de las tecnologías por parte de los docentes universitarios; a la posibilidad de crear recursos educativos abiertos de modo sostenible.Conclusiones: El estudio evidencia que algunas metodologías utilizadas en el e-learning, a partir de la mitad de los años noventa en el ateneo de Ferrara, se están metabolizando en modos didácticos canónicos (en presencia) y que esto determina aspectos positivos y negativos.
Diversidad y educación: el caso del trabajo infantil
Authors: Silva María Alejandra
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: conocer los determinantes sociales del trabajo infantil y las políticas para la diversidad en trabajo y educación en Corrientes,  ubicada en el nordeste de Argentina (NEA) desde un punto existencial.Método: Se acude al análisis de documentos y estadísticas, además de la consulta a informantes calificados en trabajo y educación.Resultados: El análisis estadístico muestra que las enormes desigualdades regionales persistentes y los problemas de extrema pobreza infantil proporcionan condiciones para que el trabajo infantil aumente. En cuanto a la naturaleza y perfil del trabajo infantil en Corrientes, se observa que hay diversidad de sexo, edad, cultura, tipo de trabajo, duración del día, etc.Conclusiones: El trabajo infantil constituye una flagrante violación de los derechos humanos, que necesita erradicarse a partir de numerosas políticas interministeriales e intersectoriales, siendo necesario políticas de y para la diversidad en educación a fin de incorporar al sistema educativo. Existen informaciones parciales y limitadas, faltando datos oficiales de toda la Provincia, lo que impide pensar en las políticas en y para la diversidad en la escuela que los incluya a través de nuevas metodologías, contenidos, recursos, docentes y gestores proactivos.
Estrategia formativa para mitigar la violencia escolar en perspectiva de derechos humanos
Authors: Calle-Álvarez Gerzon Yair , Ocampo-Zapata Diego Alejandro
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: La finalidad de este estudio es presentar una estrategia formativa que busca mitigar la violencia escolar desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos.Método: se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo en el que participaron 72 estudiantes de la educación media de una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Medellín.Resultados: se encontró que para lograr mitigar los problemas de violencia escolar en la escuela se deben buscar estrategias que convoque a los diferentes integrantes de las comunidades educativas.Conclusiones: se logró elaborar una estrategia formativa en la institución educativa para mitigar las diversas formas de violencia escolar en el marco de los derechos humanos. La propuesta se centró en el tema de la discriminación presente en esta institución, por cuanto el trabajo de diagnóstico realizado con los estudiantes puso en evidencia que esta era una de las prácticas escolares consideradas como normales.
LA EDUCACIÓN UNA MIRADA DESDE EL CONFLICTO SOCIAL EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Castillo Gutiérrez María Consuelo
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: El artículo permite realizar un análisis desde el conflicto social y la educación para comprender las diferentes miradas que surgen a través de la deliberación de postulados señalados por diferentes autores.Conclusiones: En Colombia como en otras naciones el conflicto social se genera a partir de diversas circunstancias y esto se ha convertido un reto para la educación, precisamente para formular propuestas que contribuyan a fomentar una sociedad pacífica y respetuosa de la opinión del otro, en medio de la diversidad y la libertad de expresión. El manuscrito pretende ser un punto de partida para analizar el sentido que tiene la educación en el conflicto social y como esta se articula para construir y reconstruir un tejido social que este a la vanguardia de las necesidades de un país como Colombia. Todo esto también, desdeuna perspectiva del papel que cumple los formadores en los escenarios educativos.
The International Labour Standards Debate in the Brazilian Labour Movement: Engagement with Mercosur and Opposition to the Free Trade Area of the Americas
Authors: Riethof Marieke
Published: December 2017

The social dimensions of economic integration have become an increasingly significant feature of trade agreements, particularly those between developing countries. In the Brazilian case trade-related labour standards have not become a major feature outside of the regional organization Mercosur (Common Market of the South), yet we know relatively little about the reasons for this discrepancy. Paradoxically one of the main stakeholders in this debate, Brazilian trade unions, has broadly supported social and labour clauses in the regional context but union activists have opposed labour provisions in trade negotiations between asymmetric partners. A comparative analysis of the labour campaigns in Mercosur and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) negotiations explains this ambiguity in terms of Brazilian labour strategies towards free trade negotiations and explores their implications for evaluations of labour attitudes to trade-related labour standards in developing countries. The labour movement’s own conflicting perspectives on the trade–labour connection are a key explanation of these outcomes, reinforcing the need for a greater appreciation of the complexity of trade union views in the debate on labour standards.
Runoff generation in a pre-alpine catchment: A discussion between a tracer and a shallow groundwater hydrologist
Authors: Van Meerveld H.J. , Fischer B.M.C. , Rinderer M. , Stähli M. , Seibert J.
Published: December 2017

Runoff generation mechanisms vary between catchments and despite decades of research in many catchments, these mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this paper, runoff generation mechanisms in the steep pre-alpine catchments in the Alptal, Switzerland, are discussed. These fast responding catchments are characterized by low permeability soils on top of flysch bedrock. In combination with the high and frequent precipitation, this results in predominantly wet conditions. In many areas, the water table is close to the surface. We review the main results of recent (2009-2016) studies in these catchments that used isotope, stream chemistry and hydrometric data. These field studies focused on the spatial and temporal patterns in groundwater levels, spatial patterns in the isotopic composition and chemistry of streamflow during baseflow conditions, as well as the responses of streamflow and its isotopic composition during rainfall events. The combined results of these studies highlight the establishment of connectivity of areas with a different topographic position and areas with a different land use during rainfall events. They also show the importance of flow in higher conductivity near surface soil layers for runoff generation, as well as the frequent occurrence of surface runoff. Spatial differences in groundwater dynamics are related to topography. Streamflow responses are mainly affected by the rainfall characteristics; differences in streamflow and hydrochemistry between catchments with different portions of forest, meadows and wetlands, were relatively small. However, variations in the chemistry of baseflow along stream reaches within a catchment were considerable. Above all, these studies highlight the value of combining data on spatial patterns of groundwater levels and stream chemistry with long term data on streamflow to derive a more complete picture of the dominant runoff generation mechanisms.
Hydrological dynamics in a small catchment with silvopastoral land use in SW Spain
Authors: Schnabel S. , Lozano-Parra J. , Gómez-Gutiérrez Á. , Alfonso-Torreño A.
Published: December 2017

Hydrological processes were investigated since the year 2000 in a semiarid rangeland with disperse cover of evergreen holm oaks. In this article results are presented on the spatial variation of rainfall in the catchment using a network of 6 raingauges. Results are also presented on soil water dynamics, which were studied under different vegetation covers and varying soil depths. Furthermore, the temporal variation of runoff generation in the basin outlet is reviewed, taking into account different timescales. The following results can be highlighted: Spatial variation of rainfall in the catchment at annual or monthly scale was low. However, large dispersion exists in the case of individual rainstorms, when the differences between the 6 raingauges varied strongly, both for daily values as well as maximum intensities. Events with high spatial variation are presumably related with small, localized storms, particularly those of high intensity and short duration, and those showing low variation are probably of frontal origin. Soil moisture presented seasonal patterns clearly dependent on factors such as rainfall or evapotranspirative demand. Spatial distribution of soil moisture was mainly affected by physiographic terrain characteristics and vegetation covers. Generally, in dry hydrological years, soil moisture was lower beneath than beyond the tree canopies, while the opposite was observed in wet years. Dry situations increase the intensity and duration of soil water deficits, enhance the evaporative demand and increment water storage capacity by covers. Channel flow in dehesas depends highly on the antecedent moisture conditions and particularly on the water content of the sediment-filled valley bottoms. If these areas become saturated, high amounts of runoff are produced during rainfall events. Under high intensity rainstorms Hortonian overland flow is rapidly generated on hillslopes producing a quick channel response. Interannual runoff variation is very high, the more frequent low rainfall years provoke very low total water flow, contrasting with less frequent years of above average rainfall, which are the ones producing high total runoff. It can be concluded that the hydrological dynamics in Mediterranean rangelands with a disperse tree cover are complex, both regarding soil water and catchment runoff, being highly variable in time. Future changes in land use or climate could affect notably the hydrological dynamics of the catchment, and hence similar upland basins. For example, a notable increase of tree cover would reduce water availability of pasture plants, particularly during dry years. A decrease of annual rainfall amounts and/or increased drought intensities, as a consequence of climate change, would enlarge periods of soil moisture deficit for pasture plants, as well as a reduction of runoff.