bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT ROLE OF ASCORBIC ACID IN OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY STERENOUS EXERCISE
Authors: Popovic Lj. , Mitic R. N. , Radic I. , Miric D. , Krdzic B.
Published: November 2024

Strenuous exercises greatly increase oxygen consumption in the whole body, especially in skeletal muscles. Large part of oxygen consumption is reduced to H2O and ATP, but smaller part (2-5%) results in an increased leakage of electrons from the mitochondrial respiratory chain, forming various reactive oxygen species-ROS (02, H2O,iOH). These free ra- dicals are capable of triggering a chain of damaging biochemical and physiological reactions (oxidative stress, lipid peroxi- dation), as a base for skeletal muscles damage after exercise. MDA (malondialdehyde) is a marker of exercise induced lipid peroxidation process. L-ascorbic acid is a major aqueous-phase antioxidant. To estimate antioxidant role of ascorbic acid we use rate between dehydroascorbate and ascorbate. In this paper those markers of lipid peroxidation (MDA, MDA ind, % ind MDA), and ascorbic acid status (ascorbic acid Asc, ascorbat A, dehidroascorbat DHA, DHA/A) were determinated in 30 stu- dents, in rest and after treadmill running protocol (Bruce Treadmill Protocol). It was found that after the treadmill test, plas- ma MDA level had increased from 3,04 to 4,39 M/L (p<0,0001) and % ind MDA decreased significantly from 35% to 24,7% (p=0,0003). Plasma ascorbic acid was also found to be higher after the treadmill test comparing to rest level (from 55,4 to 67,6 μM/L). DHA/A level in rest was 1,62 and after treadmill test it increased to 2,05 (p=0,0014). These results suggests that strenuous exercise increased process of lipid peroxidation (MDA †, % ind MDA), but in the same time incre- ased ascorbic acid level in plasma and DHA/A rate indicates stronger activation of nonenzymatic antioxidant defense system.
PERIODONTAL CONDITION IN PATIENTS WITH RED BLOOD CELLS DISEASE
Authors: Šehalić M. , Knežević M. , Tomić S. , Gligorijević N. , Stolić A.
Published: November 2024

Health of soft oral tissue and periodontium in biggest measure depends as well of oral hygiene. It exists the positive correlation between oral hygiena and periodontal condition. Many systemic disease, as blood disease, change reactivity of organism and also peridontium, and directly take influence at course and difficulty of periodontitis.
CEPHALOSPORINS AND NEPHROTOXICITY
Authors: Stanić M. , Mitić R. , Pajović S. , Adžić V. , Bulatović K.
Published: November 2024

Cephalosporins are bactericidal antibiotics that are active against a wide variety of Gram(+) and Gram(-) aerobic bacteria, along with a few anaerobic species. Adverse effects of cephalosporins are uncommon and reversible. Cefalotin and cefaloridine exhibit a nephrotoxic effect and might cause renal tubule necrosis. No data about the nephrotoxicity of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone has been presented in literature so far. When cephalosporins are applied via intramuscular injection a local reaction is possible, whereas with IV administration thrombophlebitis develops in about 5% of all cases. Hypersensitivity reactions, as well as some hematological disorders (thrombocytosis, leukopenia, neutropenia) might also occur. Cephalosporins were found to sometimes cause an augmentation of transaminase (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and, less frequently, bilirubin levels, too. The goal of this study was to evaluate the creatinine values in the serum of patients hospitalised in Kosovska Mitrovica Health Centre. The values were determined before, within and after 7 days of cephalosporin administration (cefotaxime 2x1000mg IM; ceftriaxone 2x1000mg IV). Data concerning certain hematological and biochemical variables will be presented as well. Creatinine levels were measured by the Jaffe reaction method. Both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone yielded a statistically significant increase of the serum creatinine values. As these cephalosporins do not show a nephrotoxic effect, the increase can be explained by the interference of sodium picramate, a byproduct of the Jaffe reaction which is produced regardless of whether the process is manual or automated.
METABOLIC REGULATION OF DIABETES AND FUNGAL SKIN INFECTIONS
Authors: Sojević-Timotijević Z. , Novaković T. , Trajković G. , Radević T. , Relić M. , Staletović D.
Published: November 2024

In diabetics fungal skin infections are reported to be related to greatly disturbed metabolism. In order to get better insight into the association between diabetes mellitus and fungal skin infections, we started our study with the aim to assess the effect of metabolic regulation on the incidence of fungal skin infections is diabetics. The obtained results of our study show that in patient with metabolically poorly regulated primary disease i.e. diabetes the incidence of the fungal skin infections is highest (36.0%), its incidence is lower in patients with metabolically satisfactorily regulated diabetes (29.5%) and lowest in those with well regulated diabetes (18.8%), witch is statistically significant difference (p=0.045).
SERUM VITAMIN D ANALYSIS IN ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS
Authors: Vujnović Živković Zorica , Marković Jovanović Snežana , Živković Jovan , Čukalović Mirjana , Čukalović Mirjana , Novaković Tatjana , Stamatović Dragana , Krdzić Jelena , Mitić Jadranka , Ristić Radica , Ilić Aleksandra , Živković Predrag
Published: November 2024

Bronchiolitis is an acute viral disease of lower respitatory pathways in children under 2 years of age. It is manifested by coughing, whistling and refusing food intake. The most common cause of bronchiolitis is a respiratory syncytial virus. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone which is synthesized in the skin after sun exposure or food intake. With discovery of Vitamin D receptors and hydroxylated enzymes in immune cells, a potential role for Vitamin D in maintaining immune homeostasis was seen. It has been established that Vitamin D induces a change of the antimicrobial polypeptide, cathelicidin, which has both antibacterial and antiviral roles.
EXTRACRANIAL CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN GENESIS INFARCTION BRAIN IN THE BORDER ZONES SUPRATENTORIAL LOCALIZATION
Authors: Mitrović Vekoslav , Marić Ramil , Filipović-Danić Snežana , Petrović Novica
Published: November 2024

The emergence of brain infarction depends to a great extent on the status of collateral blood circulation and is associated with hemodynamic instability. This kind of brain infarction is usually found in border vascular zones. Infarction of borderline fields arises between vascular territories ACA and ACM or between ACM and ACP, deep paraventricular infarcts in internal border zones, wound or triangular cortical infarcts, as well as major infarctions involving the entire irrigated territory of ACM.
OXIDATIVE STRES PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH MENIERE DISEASE
Authors: Stojanov A. , Stojanov J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The role of oxidative stres in patients with Meniere disease (MD), is still unresearched.

The aim: The aim was to compare serum levels of total and direct bilirubin, albumins, uric acid and creatinine as antioxidative status parameters in patients with MD with healthy controls, and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We divided patients in three groups - 85 MD patients, 75 healthy controls (HC) and 72 MS patients. Patients with
MD were divided into groups according to sex, age at the time of the disease onset, and number of attacs per year. Severity
of clinical presentation during the attack was assessed by Vertigo Symptom Scale.

Results: The serum levels of all parameters were significantly lower in MD and MS group compared to the healthy control
group (p<0.05). Regarding severity of clinical presentation we found strong correlation (p<0.001) which indicates lower
antioxidant status in patients with severe clinical presentation.

Conclusion: The results of our research showed significantly lower values of all investigated parameters in MD group
related to the healthy controls, which could suggest a potential role of oxidative process in MD patophysiology. 
SPECIFIC PATTERN OF F-2-FLUORO-2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE: CASE REPORT
Authors: Radović B. , Brajkovic L. , Nikolic S.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Dementia is a clinical diagnosis based on deficits of intellectual function, usually memory. Primarily neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal damages and its synapsis. Early-onset Alzheimer disease 18 occurs in someone younger than 65. FDG-PET/CTis a quantitative tomographic technique also calleda biomarker of neuronal activity.

Case outline: A female of 54, mother, 12 years of education, an accountant, was sent to FDG-PET/CT brain scan because of loss of memory, social withdrawal, apathy, behavior changes, troubles with paying bills, speaking difficulties with no structural imaging abnormalities. PET scan reviled glucose hypometabolism in parietal lobes, left posterior cingulum, parietotemporal regions, the left parietooccipital region, left insula and temporal lobes. A male of 43, father, army corporal, 12 years of education, was sent to metabolic hybrid imaging because suspected dementia. He expressed progressive behavior decline, in a year time. The patient wasn't cooperative, could not concentrate and confabulated a lot. Forgetfulness, decline in voluntary dynamics and apathy dominated the clinical presentation. Structural imaging showed supratentorial, right precentral gyri solitary lesion and cortical bilateral hypocampal atrophy. FDG scan reviled distinctively diminished glucose metabolism posteriorly in parietal and temporal lobes, both posterior cingulum. SPM analysis confirmed the visually observed pattern of hypometabolism in both patients.

Conclusion: Depression is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of AD. Early detection of AD through molecular imaging techniques will assist the choice of medications to slow the progression of the disease and optimize patient care.
PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Knežević B.S. , Gajović Z.I. , Petrović M.N.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma is a rare highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and occurs in 5-7% of all diffuse large B lymphoma and 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Originates from thymic medullary cells and has its own histogenesis. Typically affects young women in the third and fourth decade of life. Superior vena cava syndrome is present in more than 50% of cases, with swelling of face, hands, deep venous thrombosis, dyspnea, dysphagia, chest pain, headache and cough. Diagnosis is made by histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical surgical biopsy specimens obtained mediastinoscopy. Timely treatment with cycles of monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy is requirement to relapse and stable state.

Case outline: Patient, 37 years old, came for the first time for review at General practice because she has been repeatedly visited emergency service due to coughing, feeling that something is strangling, the lack of air pressure and pain in the head and swelling of face and neck. Started detailed diagnostics. Radiologically determined mediastinal tumor, computed tomography confirmed it and sent to the referral Institute where video-assisted thoracic surgery and patho histology diagnosed PMBCL CSII AM +. Administered six cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone therapy protocols submitted by the expected side effects. Control positron emission tomography found that the tumor mass completely withdrawn. In remission for two years, have a good feeling and occurs at regular checkups.

Conclusion: General practice has a big responsibility in recognizing early symptoms of malignant disease that accelerates
the diagnosis and timely start of treatment.
RISK FACTORS FOR POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION IN THE EARLY POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Authors: Stojanov Jelena , Stojanov Aleksandar , Stanković Miodrag
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Some psychosociodemographic and characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth have been associated with
the onset of postpartum depression in the literature.

Aim: To examine certain psychosociodemographic and characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth as potential risk factors
for the onset of postpartum depression in the early postpartum period. Material and Methods: The study involved 120 subjects, which included the use of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire constructed for the purposes of this study, in the early postpartum period.

Results: Of the total 92 (76.7%) subjects were not depressed, while 28 (23.3%) had depression. The high risk of postpartum depression correlates with: postpartum weight gain, subjective experience of lack of freedom, fear that she would be abandoned (p <0.05), as well as having frequent quarrels, mentioning a divorce or divorce, and a temporary separation, poor relationship with the parents on both sides and poor general family atmosphere (p <0.001). A statistically significant risk of depression was also found in the group with complications during childbirth, unplanned pregnancy (p <0.001), as well as alcohol and cigarette consumption during pregnancy (p <0.05).

Conclusion: The risk of postpartum depression can be detected by applying the EPDS scale in the early postpartum period. Early detection of potential risk factors can significantly prevent the onset of postpartum depression and significantly affect the central psychological process in the postpartum period, which is related to the development of an emotional relationship between mother and child.
Strategy Committees on European Public Boards: Characteristics and Tasks
Authors: Kuczara Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Despite the extensive debate over the years about the involvement of boards in strategy, little is known about special committees dedicated to strategy. This paper aims to enhance understanding of strategy committees (SCs) within European public boards by addressing two key questions: What are the characteristics of SCs, and what tasks do they undertake?

Design/Methodology/Approach: Document analysis from 81 SCs established by boards of directors and supervisory boards in companies listed on nine major European stock exchanges.

Findings: We find that SCs predominantly focus on tasks aligned with the board’s strategic role. These tasks involve shaping the content, context, and implementation of the strategy, as well as influencing strategic decisions. Furthermore, SCs actively engage in strategic control at both the company and decision/ activity levels. They engage in tasks that are closely tied to the advising role of the board rooted in resource-based theories and the control role within the strategic domain that emerges from agency theory.

Research Limitations/Implications: Using publicly available corporate documents introduces potential biases, as companies selectively disclose information while legally obligated to publish annual reports. The voluntary nature of revealing information about SCs implies that reported characteristics and tasks may not fully represent the actual state.

Originality/Value: It is the first study to explore SCs in various European countries by showing their scale, structures, compositions and especially the tasks they declare and handle.
A validation of machine learning models for the identification of critically ill children presenting to the paediatric emergency room of a tertiary hospital in South Africa: A proof of concept
Authors: Pienaar M A , Luwes N , Sempa J B , George E , Brown S C
Published: November 2024

Background. Machine learning (ML) refers to computational algorithms designed to learn from patterns in data to provide insights or predictions related to that data.
Objective. Multiple studies report the development of predictive models for triage or identification of critically ill children. In this study, we validate machine learning models developed in South Africa for the identification of critically ill children presenting to a tertiary hospital.
Results. The validation sample comprised 267 patients. The event rate for the study outcome was 0.12. All models demonstrated good discrimination but weak calibration. Artificial neural network 1 (ANN1) had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with a value of 0.84. ANN2 had the highest area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) with a value of 0.65. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that all models were superior to standard strategies of treating all patients or treating no patients at a proposed threshold probability of 10%. Confidence intervals for model performance overlapped considerably. Post hoc model explanations demonstrated that models were logically coherent with clinical knowledge.
Conclusions. Internal validation of the predictive models correlated with model performance in the development study. The models were able to discriminate between critically ill children and non-critically ill children; however, the superiority of one model over the others could not be demonstrated in this study. Therefore, models such as these still require further refinement and external validation before implementation in clinical practice. Indeed, successful implementation of machine learning in practice within the South African setting will require the development of regulatory and infrastructural frameworks in conjunction with the adoption of alternative approaches to electronic data capture, such as the use of mobile devices.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of administration of intravenous antimicrobial medicines among intensive care nurses: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Rout J , Essack S , Brysiewicz P
Published: November 2024

Background. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has become integral to healthcare. In the case of antimicrobial medicines, nurses are responsible for preparing medication, and ensuring its correct and safe administration.
Objective. To describe intensive care nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of intravenous antimicrobial infusion administration in the context of access to AMS teaching.
Method. Convenience sampling was conducted of all 161 bedside nurses working in three general intensive care units. The nursing unit manager from each unit was requested to provide information detailing unit demographics and AMS activity within the unit (e.g. existence of AMS; nurse inclusion on the AMS team; frequency of AMS rounds; availability of AMS policies, protocols or guidelines; and training on the administration of intravenous antimicrobial medicines).
Results. Intensive care nursing management reported cessation of AMS programmes in all three units during COVID-19, with minimal activity in one intensive care unit even before the onset of the pandemic. Responses from bedside nurses emphasised the unavailability of in-service AMS teaching in the units (46.4%). Questions on antibiotic groups scored poorly (55.7%). Respondents (63.8%) indicated that the hospital intravenous antibiotic policy was useful but 21.7% reported that they had never seen this policy in their unit. Opportunities for training on intravenous administration of antimicrobial medications were provided on induction to the hospital (14.5%), or in-service (30.4%) by the clinical facilitators (34.8%), or by doctors (24.6%). Fifty-one percent of respondents reported administering antibiotics through a dedicated antibiotic infusion line. Forty-five percent of respondents used a non-dedicated line, and 56.5% of respondents flushed the line between doses.
Conclusion. Results suggest inadequate training. This, coupled with the evident poor access to policies and protocols, may adversely affect nurse knowledge of principles to prevent antimicrobial resistance.
Feto-maternal outcomes of patients with placenta previa and accuracy of diagnosis of placenta accreta syndrome at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital
Authors: Hammond M N A , Jeebodh J , Georgiou C
Published: November 2024

Background. The incidence of placenta praevia (PP) is 0.3 - 0.5% of pregnancies and it is a major risk factor for placenta accreta syndrome (PAS). PP and PAS cause immense feto-maternal morbidity and mortality and, as a result, place a huge burden on healthcare resources. Hence, accurate diagnosis prenatally of PP and associated PAS is essential as this allows adequate preparation for potential complications.
Objective. To ascertain the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of PP and PAS, and the feto-maternal effects of these conditions in women diagnosed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH)
Methods. This was a retrospective, descriptive study that reviewed the medical files of 55 women diagnosed with PP at CHBAH in 2018.
Results. Complete data was obtained for 28 women. The incidence of PP was 0.3%. The mean age, gravity and parity of women with PP were 31.65 (6.0) years, 3.0 (1.3) and 1.7 (1.3), respectively. The mean birthweight was 2 244 (730) g. Eighteen (56.2%) of newborns had birth weight <2 500g. The incidence of adverse outcomes was increased in patients with suspected PAS on prenatal ultrasound compared with patients showing no prenatal ultrasound evidence of PAS. Ultrasound had a positive predictive value of 50% while MRI correctly identified PAS in 33.3% of patients.
Conclusion. PP and PAS increase the likelihood of maternal and neonatal morbidities. Ultrasound is a useful tool in evaluating placenta implantation and can assist in anticipating adverse feto-maternal outcomes in PP and PAS. MRI has limited clinical value in this setting Keywords. Placenta praevia (PP), Placenta accreta syndrome (PAS), Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) currently, and should not be done routinely.
Effect of basal luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio on clinical outcome of In Vitro fertilization in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shan Dan , Zhao Junzhao , Lu Xiaosheng , Zhang Huina , Lu Jieqiang , Shen Qi
Published: November 2024

Background

The basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and the prior LH to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio (LH/FSH) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are generally higher than those in non-PCOS patients and the general population. The potential negative effects of elevated LH on human reproductive function are highly controversial, as are the effects of down-regulation of LH on reproductive function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the basal LH/FSH ratio on the live birth rate of PCOS patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 698 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF treatments with a mild stimulation protocol (n = 95) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol (n = 603). The basal LH/FSH ratio of 2 was used as the cut-off value for further subgroup analysis. The demographic properties, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) processes, and clinical pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups under each ovulation stimulation protocol.

Results

The live birth rate for patients with a LH/FSH ratio ≥ 2 group (56.38%, n = 149) was not statistically different from that of the ones with a ratio < 2 (53.74%, n = 454) in the GnRH agonist protocol (P = 0.576). Correspondingly, the live birth rate for the LH/FSH ratio ≥ 2 group (43.48%, n = 23) also showed no statistical difference from the ratio < 2 group (48.61%, n = 72) in the mild stimulation protocol (P = 0.668). Additionally, LH/FSH ratios had no significant effect on the live birth rate after adjusting for confounders both in the GnRH agonist protocol (adjusted OR: 1.111; 95% CI [0.467–2.642], P = 0.812) and in the mild stimulation protocol (adjusted OR: 4.057; 95% CI [0.431–38.195], P = 0.221). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the live birth rate between different ovulation stimulation protocols in PCOS patients with the LH/FSH ratio ≥ 2.

Conclusions

The live birth rate in IVF outcomes was not affected by an elevated basal LH/FSH ratio in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. The choice of the GnRH agonist protocol or mild stimulation protocol for ovulation stimulation does not affect the final clinical outcomes either for PCOS patients with a basal LH/FSH ratio ≥ 2.
Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Approach to Firewall Optimal Rule Reordering
Authors: Hakani Dhwani , Mann Palvinder Singh
Published: November 2024

Firewalls are required to ensure that only trustworthy packets are sent back and forth across the network in order to provide secure network communication. Firewalls employ the rules that network administrators establish to control which packets are allowed access to an organization’s private network in order to enforce security regulations. By classifying packets, network devices can determine how incoming packets behave. A greater communication delay is caused by a higher rule count since it is achieved by a linear search on a list of categorisation rules. The goal of Optimal Rule Ordering (ORO), a generalisation of the issue where the latency is minimised while keeping the classification strategy, is to find the optimal rule sequence. This research suggests a dual approach for reordering the firewall rules using optimization. This research suggests a dual approach for reordering the firewall rules using optimization. In the first approach, the firewall rules are arranged according to the precedence relation using a probability-based algorithm. The firewall rules are then rearranged using the optimization-based technology known as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Firewalls may be optimized to function better and filter packets more effectively by fine-tuning their rules. The performance analysis of the proposed method is extended by looking at the results obtained using a precise optimization strategy. This study presents a method for rearranging more complex scenarios that work better. The proposed method consists of two algorithms: the first finds the ideal firewall rule order using a probability-based approach, and the second finds the optimal solution using a PSO: i) An ideal firewall rule order via a probability-based approach, and ii) An optimal solution using a PSO-based approach.
Equines as Experimental Models: A Review of Their Use in Therapy, Antivenom Production, and Sports
Authors: Silveira Ananda Silva , Rangel Luana Mikaela Gomes , Silva José Sérgio Herculano Gomes da , Pereira Livia Maria Marques , Morais Elton Santos Guedes de , Soares Anísio Francisco
Published: November 2024

The horse is a large, strong, docile, and easily handled animal with therapeutic qualities, making it an ideal experimental model for various studies. Given this, the aim of this review is to identify the criteria for selecting horses as an experimental model in research related to equine-assisted therapy (hippotherapy), antivenom production, and equestrian sports. To achieve this, a bibliographic search was conducted in the Google Scholar database using the following keywords: “selection,” “horses,” “equine-assisted therapy,” “equestrian sports,” and “antivenom.” Inclusion criteria focused on selecting articles that provided relevant and insightful information on these search terms. The analyzed studies demonstrated that equine-assisted therapy is an effective therapeutic approach for the rehabilitation of individuals with disabilities, fostering improvements in motor, cognitive, and emotional aspects. In selecting horses for equine-assisted therapy, motor, morphological, and behavioral criteria were considered to ensure both the safety and effectiveness of treatment. For antivenom production, large horses were preferred due to their greater blood volume, which enables better tolerance during plasma collection. Lastly, in selecting horses for equestrian sports, it was noted that each breed possesses specific skills suited to different sport categories; thus, criteria such as obedience, physical endurance, and agility were assessed for each horse.
Exploring Formative Assessment Strategies for Pupils with Learning Disabilities in Inclusive Schools in Temeke Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Mrema Karoli John
Published: November 2024

Formative assessment is a key tool for monitoring the progress of pupils with disabilities in inclusive educational settings. This study investigates the strategies used for formative assessment of pupils with learning disabilities in inclusive schools, with a specific focus on teachers' perceptions in Temeke Municipality. The study is grounded in an interpretive paradigm and adopts a qualitative research methodology, using a multiple case study design. A purposive and snowball sample of 22 teachers was selected, with data collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis facilitated by Atlas Ti software. Ethical considerations were adhered to by obtaining approval from the Directorate of Research, Publications, and Innovation at the Open University of Tanzania, and ensuring participant confidentiality and anonymity throughout the research process. The findings indicate that teachers primarily use quizzes, tests, exams, and task-based performance as common formative assessment methods for pupils with learning disabilities. Such methods helped to assess the academic progress of pupils, including those with learning disabilities, by providing valuable insights into their understanding of the material. Teachers also noted the importance of ongoing feedback in supporting student progress. The study concludes that the use of a variety of assessment techniques is essential for improving the academic performance of pupils with learning disabilities in inclusive settings. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government should implement regular professional development programs for teachers, focusing on enhancing their formative assessment skills in special needs. Such initiatives are expected to foster a more inclusive and effective learning environment for all pupils.
Proximate and Phytochemical Profile of Cirsium arvense Leaves
Authors: K.T. Nwauche, , O. C. Enwereuzo, , E. N. Agonmuo, , A.I. Ugoh,
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the proximate and quantitative phytochemical components of the leaves of Cirsium arvense. Fresh leaves of Cirsium arvense were collected from Achara Autonomous community in Obowo Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria and identified by a plant taxonomist from the department of plant science and biotechnology, River state university, Nigeria. Proximate and quantitative phytochemical analysis of C. arvense leaf were carried out using standard methods. Results of the proximate composition revealed that Carbohydrate content (59.284%) was high, followed by protein (11.55%) with energy value of 340.198 Kcal. The dry matter was 85% with moisture content of 15%, fat (6.318%), ash content (4.361%) and fibre (3.487%). The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids (Lunamarin (3.7340ug/ml), saponin (Sapogenin (5.7077ug/ml), phytate (19.2702ug/ml), Cynagenic glycoside (17.148ug/ml), flavonoids (Flavan 3 ol (10.5455ug/ml), Rutin (7.0365ug/ml), Flavonoes (4.1051ug/ml), Flavone (3.7603ug/ml), with flavonoids in high concentrations. The result from this study has revealed the chemical constituents embedded in this plant leaf and will provide needed information to researchers in the area of herbal medicine.
Effect of Nitrogen Scheduling on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Sharma Rohan , Suman Bhagwan , Gurjar Om Prakash , Jakhar Chandrakanta , Yadav Indra Raj
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of nitrogen scheduling on growth and yield of wheat, variety “3077‟ was used in this study. The required quantities of fertilizers as per treatments were applied. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of twelve treatments. The data recorded maximum growth attributes like, plant height (94.45 cm), dry matter accum8lation per m row length (248.78 g) and yield attributes such as number of effective tillers per m row length (65.40), number of grains per spike (82.24), grain yield (5230 kg/ha), stover yield (6634 kg/ha), biological yield (11864 kg/ha) and maximum net return (156075 Rs/ha) was recorded with T12 : 1/3 at basal +1/3 at CRI (21-25 DAS) + 1/3 at Jointing stage (65-70 DAS) + 2.0% urea + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at flag leaf stage (80-90 DAS). Therefore, it may be concluded that application of T12: 1/3 at basal +1/3 at CRI (21-25 DAS) + 1/3 at Jointing stage (65-70 DAS) + 2.0% urea +0.5% ZnSO4 spray at flag leaf stage (80-90 DAS) was the most suitable treatment for obtaining higher seed yield (5230 kg/ha), gross and net returns (Rs 156075.00/ha and 113116.00/ha) and B: C ratio (2.63) in wheat. However, these results are only indicative and require further experimentation to arrive at more consistent and final conclusion.
MHD Flow from a Vertical Porous Plate in Presence of Heat Source
Authors: Sinha Anuja , Choudhury Lipismita
Published: November 2024

Aim: With a heat source present, this analytical study aims to examine the thermal radiation affects the unsteady MHD free convective mass transfer flow through a semi-infinite vertical porous plate with a changing suction velocity.
Study Design: On this plate, a uniform transverse magnetic field is applied perpendicularly. The non-dimensional governing equations are resolved by applying a simple perturbation technique.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam between January 2024 to August 2024.
Methodology: We allow an infinite vertical porous plate to be passed by a viscous, incompressible fluid that is optically thin. The X-axis is introduced along the infinite vertical plate, the Y-axis is normal to the plate, and the Z-axis is along the width of the plate in a Cartesian coordinate system (x′,y′,z′). At the beginning, the fluid and plate were both at the same temperature (T′∞) and concentration (C′∞) throughout. The concentration level at the plate increased to C′w at time t′>0, and the plate temperature was abruptly increased to T′w. The plate is subjected to a normal magnetic field that is consistent. The semi-infinite plane surface assumptions cause all the flow variables, with the exception of pressure, to be functions of only y′  and t′.
Results: When the Grashof number Gr rises, the fluid velocity increases, but when the Hartmann number M rises, it decreases. In the presence of a heat source S, the fluid temperature drops as the radiation parameter Q and Prandtl number Pr grow.When the Soret number (Sr) increases, the species concentration at the boundary layer increases, but when the chemical reaction parameter (Kr) increases, it drops.
Conclusion: From the work we have concluded that in presence of heat source, the fluid temperature drops with the increament of Prandtl number and Radiation parameter.
Extraction of High-quality Genomic DNA Using Species Tailored Protocol for Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce (Khejri)
Authors: Kattiparambil Pooja , Kant Tarun
Published: November 2024

To effectively conserve genetic diversity in forestry species, molecular methods are essential. These methods necessitate high-quality genomic DNA as a starting material which contains the complete genetic information of an organism, and by extracting it, scientists can access and analyze this information. This information is essential for developing effective conservation strategies and understanding the complex processes of evolution. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol for extracting High-Quality genomic DNA from the arid tree species Prosopis cineraria. The current extraction protocol is based upon the conventional cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method with further modifications for the extraction of DNA. The principle modifications currently employed for DNA extraction involved the use of higher concentration of CTAB and sodium chloride. Additionally, L-ascorbic acid and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was also added. The incubation time was doubled and DNA was precepted in 100% ice-cold ethanol. Further a RNAse treatment was also included for 30 mins. The yield of DNA ranged from 630-4200ng/µl with average yield of 2041ng/µl, and the absorbance lied between 1.6-2.15 for A260/280 and 1.64-2.31 for A260/230, indicating minimal levels of contaminating metabolites. This method offers a simple, efficient, and cost-effective way to extract high-quality genomic DNA, making it ideal for large-scale genetic studies.
An IoT-based Fuel Monitoring and Tracking System with Real-time Fuel Level Detection using Accelerometer
Authors: B A Anand , H S Kathyayini , Kumar Arun
Published: November 2024

In the transportation sector, effective fuel management is essential due to increasing environmental and economic concerns. However, traditional fuel level indicators often lack the necessary precision for optimizing fuel consumption. This paper introduces a novel IoT-based fuel monitoring and tracking system designed to overcome these challenges. By combining an accelerometer for real-time fuel level detection with GPS for location tracking and mileage calculation, the system provides comprehensive monitoring capabilities. Additionally, cloud-based data processing and a user-friendly mobile application enable real-time data visualization and analysis. This integrated approach empowers fleet managers and vehicle owners to make informed, data-driven decisions that enhance fuel efficiency, lower operational costs, and reduce environmental impact.
Clinical Management of Sarcoptic Mange in a Deoni Calf in Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sakhare M.P. , Siddiqui MFMF , Kalwaghe S. T. , Shafi T. A. , Wakade U. U.
Published: November 2024

A Deoni cattle male calf presented with history of pruritus, scratching, self biting, erythema and alopecia at Department of Veterinary Medicine, COVAS, MAFSU, Parbhani. The skin scraping examination revealed Sarcoptes scabiei infestation. In haematological profile, marked neutropenia and eosinophilia were observed. The calf was treated with Inj. Doramectin @ 0.2 mg/kg BW SC weekly interval for the period of three weeks. The supportive therapy included Inj. Chlorpheniramine maleate @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight I/M and Inj. Multivitamin 2 ml IM for 5 days. The calf showed uneventful recovery with absence of pruritus, exudative erythema and regrowth of hairs after 24th day of treatment.
The competitive reaction time task: The development and scientific utility of a flexible laboratory aggression paradigm
Authors: Warburton Wayne A. , Bushman Brad J.
Published: March 2019

Laboratory measures play an important role in the study of aggression because they allow researchers to make causal inferences. However, these measures have also been criticized. In particular, the competitive reaction time task (CRTT) has been criticized for allowing aggression to be operationalized in multiple ways, leaving it susceptible to “p‐hacking.” This article describes the development of the CRTT and the ways in which its paradigm flexibility and analytic flexibility allows it to test a wide range of hypotheses and research questions. This flexibility gives the CRTT significant scientific utility, but as with any research paradigm, comes with the obligation that it has to be used with integrity. Although safeguards exist and there is little evidence of misuse, study preregistration can increase confidence in CRTT findings. The importance of findings such as those of Hyatt et al. (in press), which provide further evidence for the validity of the CRTT, are also noted.
NIR‐Triggered Phototherapy and Immunotherapy via an Antigen‐Capturing Nanoplatform for Metastatic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wang Meng , Song Jun , Zhou Feifan , Hoover Ashley R. , Murray Cynthia , Zhou Benqing , Wang Lu , Qu Junle , Chen Wei R.
Published: March 2019

Combined phototherapy and immunotherapy demonstrates strong potential in the treatment of metastatic cancers. An upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) based antigen‐capturing nanoplatform is designed to synergize phototherapies and immunotherapy. In particular, this nanoplatform is constructed via self‐assembly of DSPE‐PEG‐maleimide and indocyanine green (ICG) onto UCNPs, followed by loading of the photosensitizer rose bengal (RB). ICG significantly enhances the RB‐based photodynamic therapy efficiency of UCNP/ICG/RB‐mal upon activation by a near‐infrared (NIR) laser, simultaneously achieving selective photothermal therapy. Most importantly, tumor‐derived protein antigens, arising from phototherapy‐treated tumor cells, can be captured and retained in situ, due to the functionality of maleimide, which further enhance the tumor antigen uptake and presentation by antigen‐presenting cells. The synergized photothermal, photodynamic, and immunological effects using light‐activated UCNP/ICG/RB‐mal induces a tumor‐specific immune response. In the experiments, intratumoral administration of UCNP/ICG/RB‐mal, followed by noninvasive irradiation with an NIR laser, destroys primary tumors and inhibits untreated distant tumors, using a poorly immunogenic, highly metastatic 4T1 mammary tumor model. With the simultaneous use of anti‐CTLA‐4, about 84% of the treated tumor‐bearing mice achieve long‐term survival and 34% of mice develop tumor‐specific immunity. Overall, this antigen‐capturing nanoplatform provides a promising approach for the treatment of metastatic cancers.
Zweifel an einem Dogma: Hydrolyse äquatorialer Liganden von PtIV‐Komplexen unter physiologischen Bedingungen
Authors: Kastner Alexander , Poetsch Isabella , Mayr Josef , Burda Jaroslav V. , Roller Alexander , Heffeter Petra , Keppler Bernhard K. , Kowol Christian R.
Published: March 2019

PtIV‐Komplexe gelten aufgrund ihrer hohen kinetischen Inertheit und der folglich reduzierten Nebenreaktionen mit Biomolekülen als die Zukunft der Platintherapeutika. In dieser Arbeit wurde unter physiologisch relevanten Bedingungen die Stabilität einer Reihe von PtIV‐Biscarboxylatokomplexen in wässriger Lösung untersucht. Entgegen des derzeitigen chemischen Kenntnisstandes zeigten (sogar in Zellkulturmedium und Serum) vor allem Oxaliplatin‐ und Satraplatinkomplexe eine schnelle äquatoriale Hydrolyse. Die gebildeten Hydrolyseprodukte unterscheiden sich besonders stark in ihrer Reduktionskinetik, einem entscheidenden Parameter für die Aktivierung von PtIV‐Medikamenten, welcher auch mit der zytotoxischen Effizienz der Verbindungen in der Zellkultur korreliert. Die Entdeckung, dass intakte PtIV‐Komplexe an äquatorialer Position hydrolysiert werden können, widerspricht dem Dogma hinsichtlich der allgemeinen kinetischen Inertheit von PtIV‐Verbindungen und muss beim Screening und der Entwicklung neuer platin‐basierter Krebsmedikamente berücksichtigt werden.
Enzymatic/Immunoassay Dual‐Biomarker Sensing Chip: Towards Decentralized Insulin/Glucose Detection
Authors: Vargas Eva , Teymourian Hazhir , Tehrani Farshad , Eksin Ece , Sánchez‐Tirado Esther , Warren Paul , Erdem Arzum , Dassau Eyal , Wang Joseph
Published: March 2019

Performing bioassay formats based on enzyme and antibody recognition reactions with a single detection chip remains an unmet challenge owing to the different requirements of such bioassays. Herein, we describe a dual‐marker biosensor chip, integrating enzyme and antibody‐based assays for simultaneous electrochemical measurements of insulin (I) and glucose (G). Simultaneous G/I sensing has been realized by addressing key fabrication and operational challenges associated with the different assay requirements and surface chemistry. The I immunosensor relies on a peroxidase‐labeled sandwich immunoassay, while G is monitored through reaction with glucose oxidase. The dual diabetes biomarker chip offers selective and reproducible detection of picomolar I and millimolar G concentrations in a single microliter sample droplet within less than 30 min, including direct measurements in whole blood and saliva samples. The resulting integrated enzymatic‐immunoassay biosensor chip opens a new realm in point‐of‐care multiplexed biomarker detection.
In vitro effects of 1‐MHz ultrasound on the mitotic spindle
Authors: Udroiu Ion , Coluzzi Elisa , Bedini Angelico , Giliberti Claudia , Palomba Raffaele , Sgura Antonella
Published: March 2019

The effects of ultrasound on the cytoskeleton, comprising microtubules, had been studied decades ago. Nonetheless, very little attention has been paid to the effects of ultrasound on the mitotic spindle, which is also formed by microtubules. In this study, we treated human fibroblasts and human cancer cells (HeLa and MCF‐7) with 1‐MHz ultrasound at low intensities (70, 140, and 300 mW/cm2). In all cell lines, 5 min after the end of sonication, we found an intensity‐dependent increase of mitotic abnormalities (including multipolar spindles). Two hours after sonication, these abnormalities were present, but at much lower frequencies. Twenty‐four hours after sonication, mitotic abnormalities were at the same level of untreated samples, suggesting a transient effect due to ultrasound. Beside abnormalities of the mitotic spindle, we also observed an increase of metaphases with nonaligned chromosomes. The mitotic index of fibroblasts and HeLa cells, two hours after sonication, showed an intensity‐dependent decrease; this was not observed in MCF‐7 cells. In agreement with this last result, ultrasound‐induced growth inhibition (which was also intensity‐dependent) was more marked in fibroblasts and HeLa cells compared to MCF‐7 cells. This work indicates that therapeutic ultrasound, even at intensities below the cavitation threshold, can affect genome integrity, showing the need to increase the knowledge of the potential risks of ultrasound to human health. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
lncRNA PCAT19 promotes the proliferation of laryngocarcinoma cells via modulation of the miR‐182/PDK4 axis
Authors: Xu Shuai , Guo Jie , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2019

The mechanism of tumorigenesis has not been fully identified in laryngeal cancer, which accounts for one fourth of patents with head and neck tumors. Long noncoding RNA PCAT19 has been shown to participate in the prostate cancer progression. However, little is known about the role of PCAT19 in the tumorigenesis of laryngeal cancer. In our study, it was shown that the expression levels of PCAT19 was increased in laryngeal tumor tissues and associated with decreased overall survival. Using laryngeal cancer cells lines HEp‐2 and AMC‐HN‐8, it was demonstrated that knockdown of PCAT19 decreased the cell proliferation, increased the mitochondrial respiration, and inhibited the glycolysis. In detail, it showed that the PDK4 expression and PDHE1α phosphorylation levels were decreased upon the PCAT19 knockdown. Further studies indicated that miR‐182 functioned as the bridge between PCAT19 and PDK4, which could also regulate the cellular metabolism thus affecting the cell proliferation. Furthermore, it was shown that the PCAT19/miR‐182/PDK4 axis existed and regulated cell proliferation by modulating glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Finally, we showed that the PCAT19 knockdown decreased the tumor growth in vivo, possibly through regulating the miR‐182/PDK4 axis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that lncRNA PCAT19 promoted cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by modulating the miR‐182/PDK4 axis and the metabolism balance. PCAT19 might become a promising new target for laryngeal cancer therapeutics.