bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of seismic load and assessment of its impact on the building frame and foundations of deep laying of bridge supports
Authors: Zolina Tatiana , Kupchikova Natalia
Published: June 2024

The article presents a methodology for assessing the stability of construction objects to seismic impacts of the probabilistic approach, which can be used as the basis for the implementation of algorithms for automating the corresponding calculations during the design and operation of buildings and structures. The article also develops a technique for constructing finite elements, which makes it possible to consider the stress-strain state of deep-laid pile foundations for bridge supports on an elastic base with piecewise constant parameters. The developed technique based on the properties of Fourier images of finite functions, which allows calculating piles with end and surface widenings for dynamic effects.
Method of hardening the foundations and foundations of reconstructed buildings
Authors: Berlinova Marina , Tvorogov Alexandr
Published: June 2024

A method of strengthening soils and foundations of various buildings and structures, including construction objects of architectural and historical value, as well as during mass renovation in large cities in cramped conditions with a high density of existing buildings, is considered. A method of using a horizontal distributor by pushing circular elements in the form of steel-reinforced concrete constructions made of pipes filled with concrete is considered. The article analyzes the dependence of the radius of the compacted zone on the initial characteristics of the soil density and the diameter of the pipe concrete element. A method of installing a horizontal distributor for simultaneous strengthening of the foundation and soils, which is the most environmentally friendly and does not adversely affect the surrounding buildings and structures, is considered
Calculation of deflections of bent reinforced concrete elements on the basis of a nonlinear deformation model taking into account the forces of adhesion of reinforcement with concrete
Authors: Shevchenko Andrey , Baglaev Nicolai
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this work is to numerically implement the calculation of deflections of bent reinforced concrete elements based on a nonlinear deformation model and taking into account the characteristics of reinforcement coupling with concrete. Most of the existing engineering methods for calculating bendable elements are based on approaches based on the determination of integral stiffness characteristics of the section by simplified methods. This problem acquires new relevance when using the current norms, when it is necessary to take into account the features of nonlinear deformation of materials. The article considers the application of a nonlinear deformation model in the calculation of deflections and taking into account the coupling forces of reinforcement with concrete.When solving systems of equilibrium equations of a nonlinear deformation model, the iteration method is used. In the areas between cracks, the stresses in the reinforcement are corrected by adding the coupling forces of the reinforcement with concrete, which are included in the equilibrium equations of the normal section and are further refined. The proposed method makes it possible to use the resources of reinforced concrete structures for both the first and second groups of limit states in the calculations of anchoring, crack opening width and deflections.
Ensuring safety during emergency response and restoration work at the V.G. Shukhov radio tower
Authors: Mamin Aleksandr N. , Kodysh Emil' N. , Avdeev Kiril V. , Kuznechenko Sergej A. , Malonga Marcel H.
Published: June 2024

One of the most famous high-rise structures in the world, the Moscow Radio Tower, was built in 1919-1922. Over more than a century of operation, corrosion damage formed in the elements, which brought the tower to an emergency state. Today the tower is located in a dense urban development, any abnormal situation with the structures poses a danger to the surrounding buildings. Due to the structural features of the structure, restoration works can be executed only when its elements are unloaded by suspending the radio tower on an additional support structure. In order to ensure safety during the works, it is necessary to guarantee the transmission of the force from the weight of the radio tower along the axis of the inclined struts. For this purpose, a special beam and its connection nodes to the columns were developed and tested. The nodes were used in the course of emergency works, which consist in providing partial support of the radio tower on a specially erected support tower, which eliminates the danger of tower collapse, but does not reduce the emergency condition of the structure. Urgent measures are required to bring the supporting structures of the tower to a serviceable technical condition.
Green Architecture: Green Building Concepts to Ensure a Green Future
Authors: Tokbaevich Nusupov Cholponbai , Dashuai Сhen , Korchueva Saltanat Asulbekovna , Lin Ji , Yuhao Zhao
Published: June 2024

The present study involves an examination of the concept of green architecture, which is related to the search for and determination of the most appropriate methodology for constructing green buildings and, correspondingly, green spaces. This connection is rooted in the fact that any form of green building is inherently linked to the initial step - the development or planning of a specific area, which, in turn, enables the design and construction of green buildings, followed by the development of green spaces. Together, green building and the surrounding green spaces for constructed buildings and structures ensure the safety and protection of the ecological system. Furthermore, this study unveils the social aspect of green building in relation to the urbanization of areas, internal migration, and the resolution of environmental issues. In this context, through an analysis of various case studies and real-life examples, the study explores the economic, social, and environmental impacts of green buildings and discusses key strategies for their design and construction.
Experimental study of corrosion wear of structures in a plane stress state and identification of corrosion wear models
Authors: Karakhanyan Vadim , Mavzovin Vladimir , Ovchinnikov Ilya
Published: June 2024

The problem of experimental study of the influence of the stress state on the kinetics of corrosive wear of thin-walled metal structures is considered. An experimental setup for studying the corrosion wear of round plates in a biaxial stress state is described. Test results are presented showing that alternating loading accelerates the process of corrosive wear of the plates. Using the example of a corrosion model that takes into account the influence of stress, the method of identifying (determining coefficients) of the model, considered as a mathematical programming problem, for the solution of which the random search method is used, is illustrated. The found coefficients of the model are presented and the reliability of the model is confirmed by comparison with experiment.
Limitation of displacements of frame buildings under seismic impacts
Authors: Kurnavina Sofia , Tsatsulin Ilya
Published: June 2024

Plastic strains develop in constructions of reinforced concrete frame buildings under seismic effects. In the design of buildings using the spectral method they are taken into account implicitly during the determination of seismic loads by the introduction of reducing factor of allowed damage. But their values must be limited in order to prevent the destruction or to eliminate the development of unacceptable damage of bearing constructions. The experimental two concentrated force test of 15 hinged beams has been conducted. The first series reference beams were tested by the monotonously increasing load up to destruction. The beams of the rest six series were loaded until the specified value of plasticity coefficient by reinforcement strains was reached. Then the beams were turned over and were loaded according to the same scheme up to destruction. According to the results of experiment it was established that the maximum plastic strains value in the tensile reinforcement influences sufficiently on the stress-strain state, bearing capacity and destruction mechanism of reinforced concrete bending elements when changing the sign of internal forces. The limit values of coefficient of plasticity preventing the formation of through unclosed cracks under seismic loads are determined. A simplified method of determination of the limit value of maximum displacements of reinforced concrete frames under seismic impacts has been suggested.
Deformation and fracture of a thick-walled pipeline made of nonlinearly elastic material
Authors: Mavzovin Vladimir , Karakhanyan Vadim , Ovchinnikov Igor
Published: June 2024

The problem of calculating the stress-strain state of a thick-walled pipeline subjected to the joint action of force load, temperature and corrosion wear is considered. The influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of the pipeline material, as well as on the rate of corrosion wear are taken into account. Such relations of material deformation model and corrosion wear model are used, which allowed to obtain an analytical solution. The analytical solution will allow to perform a timely and correct analysis of the stress state of a thick-walled pipeline, to determine the value of the ultimate pressure for a given pipe wall thickness, to determine the ultimate service life of the pipeline at known initial parameters, limit condition and corrosion wear regularities
Graph-analytical calculating pile’s settlement verification
Authors: Sidorov Vitaly , Ter-Martirosyan Armen , Almakaeva Anastasiya
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the solution of the problem of interaction of a single reinforced concrete compressible pile with an elastoplastic single-layer soil mass. The settlement is calculated on the basis of the analytical equation in the elastic formulation. A graph-analytical method is proposed to account for the nonlinear behavior of soils, which limits the bearing capacity of the pile on the lateral surface to the strength of the adjacent soil and under the pile toe to the ultimate load determined by the Brinch Hansen formula. The novelty of this method consists in taking into account the mechanism of load redistribution on the pile, the nonlinear behavior of the soil on the lateral surface and under the pile toe, and also the possibility of detachment and slippage of the pile after reaching the ultimate strength. A comparative analysis of the graph-analytical solution with the numerical solution in the geotechnical software Plaxis 2D and with static pile tests was performed. According to the results of the performed calculations, graphs of the dependence of settlement on loads were plotted, and conclusions about the possibility of using the graph-analytical method were drawn and the prospects for further development of the graph-analytical method are proposed.
Extinguishing the LNG jet fire with gas-powder fire extinguishing installations
Authors: Saenkova Aleksandra , Seliverstov Vladimir , Bezborodov Vladimir , Brytkov Sergei , Korolchenko Dmitrii
Published: June 2024

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility accidents typically begin with equipment depressurization, fuel spillage, and subsequent ignition. The effect of a jet fire on other nearby process equipment can lead to a cascading accident. Extinguishing a jet fire in its initial stages will prevent such a scenario. The purpose of conducting full-scale fire tests to extinguish the LNG jet fire using gas-powder fire extinguishing installations was to confirm their fire extinguishing effectiveness. The fire tests were conducted in an open test area with the LNG fire jets directed at angles of 45, 60 and 90 degrees relative to the ground surface. Gas-powder fire extinguishing agent (GPFEA) was discharged through spray nozzles on four sides. In order to create a fire-extinguishing concentration of GPFEA in a local volume not limited by external walls and to compensate for the possible influence of wind, it is necessary to ensure the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area from four sides, which increases the consumption of fire extinguishing agent by 4 times compared to the consumption for extinguishing a fire in a closed volume. The use of automatic gas-powder fire extinguishing installations to protect outdoor LNG facilities can increase the level of fire safety of such facilities.
Simulation modeling as a means of organizing technological processes in warehouse logistics
Authors: Altunina Yulia , Kolodochkin Aleksey , Evgrafova Irina , Evgrafov Alexey
Published: June 2024

The results of creating a simulation model of technological processes in a warehouse are revealed in this study. The relevance of the study is justified by the significant increase in the share of online trade in the Russian economy and, as a consequence, the increase in demand for warehouse and logistics services. This requires modernization of technological processes in the warehouse to increase the speed of sorting and shipping of goods, as well as their high-quality storage. The use of structural analysis and synthesis methods allowed establishing all the key objects and characteristics of business processes in the warehouse. Based on this, a model of the behavior of objects was created and, using simulation methods, a digital twin of technological processes was developed, which allowed performing experiments to develop a concept for the operational management of relevant processes.
Accurate model for simply supported plates
Authors: Vu Huy Hoang
Published: June 2024

The reliability of a model in ABAQUS depends mainly on the experience of the modeler. For the problem of elastic buckling of a simply supported thin plate in compression, except for the example in ABAQUS’s user manual, which only applies to rectangular plates that are symmetrical in both directions, the current proposed models are personalized and untested. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to verify the currently used models and thereby propose a general model for the problem. For this purpose, different models are created in ABAQUS, and their reliability will be asserted by comparing the results with the theoretical solution of Timoshenko. The critical stresses and buckling coefficients of models are the values to be obtained and used for comparison. The results show that the model outlined in ABAQUS’s user manual and the model proposed in the paper match the theoretical solution, while other models have significant differences. The proposed model is more general than that of ABAQUS’s manual, and it is applied to an example of a trapezoidal plate. The knowledge obtained from the proposed model can be applied to the modeling of other forms of structure.
Bayesian Belief Networks to handle NLP problems
Authors: Sak Alexander
Published: June 2024

In corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging or PoS tagging or POST), also called grammatical tagging is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context. Once performed by hand, POS tagging is now done in the context of computational linguistics, using algorithms which associate discrete terms, as well as hidden parts of speech, by a set of descriptive tags. POS-tagging algorithms fall into two distinctive groups: rule-based and stochastic. If rule –based algorithms are extremely complicated and expensive because they require a lot of rules to be taken into account, the stochastic algorithms seem to be more appropriate. POS tagging is the first step for named entities tagging, which is important for understanding the semantics of text. Recently, many deep learning models for POS tagging have emerged. Most of them are based on supervised learning and require a lot of processing power and time to obtain weights that allow you to get the right results for new data. Is it possible to use another probabilistic model for these purposes without training and on small data? We believe Bayesian Belief Networks could be such a model.
Analysis of Plates and Shells with Py-PDE
Authors: Suvorov Alexander , Makarova Irina
Published: June 2024

In this article we solve a few problems of shell and plate theory with py-pde package. The shell has a shape of elliptic paraboloid. Only membrane shell theory is considered. Both shell and plate have a rectangular boundary and are subjected to the uniform vertical load. The paper includes distributions of internal forces in the shell and bending moments in the plate obtained with the help of the py-pde program.
The heating rate influence on the dynamics of sample destruction
Authors: Vasil'eva Olga Alexandrovna , Hohonov Alexander Alekseevich
Published: June 2024

We consider a mathematical model of the dynamics of the initial stage of destruction of a homogeneous sample under the influence of heating. For the mathematical description of the process we apply recently proposed mathematical model of a non-equilibrium phase transitions formulated in terms of the Cahn-Hillard theory of spinodal decomposition. The mathematical model is one-dimensional in spatial variables. The mathematical model is an initial boundary value problem for a system of four nonlinear partial differential equations of the fourth order. The mathematical model is formulated for the given variables. Using the specified mathematical model, the influence of the heating rate of the left end of the sample on the dynamics of the initial stage of sample destruction was studied. A modified finite difference method of the second order of accuracy is used as one of the numerical methods. The description and analysis of examples of the obtained numerical results are carried out. The obtained results of numerical studied of the mathematical model demonstrate a nonlocal character of the process. The directions of further investigations of the initial stage of homogeneous samples and structures destruction are discussed.
Green technologies for digital sustainable development of economic sectors of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Koshokova Nurzhan , Omurbekova Adilya , Stalbekova Aisuluu , Sulaymanov Zhanat
Published: June 2024

Beginning of the 21st century brought the development of digital and green technologies based on the information revolution and the processes of ecological globalization of the economy and society. Information in society and economic processes has become the main resource. In the hands of a person, it is transformed into knowledge, and socio-economic relations are increasingly transferred to the network space. A key factor in digital transformation in the activities of market entities is the development of digital culture. One of the most important areas of economic development at present is the comprehensive introduction of modern digital and green technologies, which will change economic activity, communications, and the social sphere, and ultimately ensure the formation of a new “digital” economy with the introduction of “green” technologies into it . In order to reap the digital dividends from the digitalization of our society, a strong foundation must be immediately laid, which consists of non-digital factors. These factors include such important elements for development as the construction of modern and adaptive public institutions, investments in human capital, the creation of flexible mechanisms for developing and updating the regulatory framework, encouraging research activities and green innovation in business, consolidating the business environment, which will become the engine of economic growth and environmental conservation.
Classification and identification of dual-use goods and technologies in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Baimatov I.R. , Brovko N.A. , Bespalov D.A. , Alekperova A.K.
Published: June 2024

This article examines the procedure for classification and identification of goods according to the control lists of dual-use items in the Kyrgyz Republic. It elucidates the goals and objectives of identification expertise and describes the stages of dual-use goods identification.
Analysis of the investment attractiveness of the South of Russia
Authors: Karpova Elena Nikolaevna , Charaeva Marina Viktorovna , Zharkova Yuliya Sergeevna , Sharinov Namsa Aleksandrovich , Gaponenko Tatyana Valerievna
Published: June 2024

The article examines the factors of investment attractiveness in the regions of Southern Russia and evaluates their impact on the dynamics of investment in fixed capital. It has been established that the analyzed regions have a sufficiently high level of investment attractiveness and a favorable investment climate. In general, there are positive trends in the dynamics of investments in fixed assets in the regions of the South of Russia. The authors also consider the most common rating methodologies for assessing the investment attractiveness of Russian regions, presented by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives and the National Rating Agency. In general, the ratings assigned according to these methodologies show a consistent trend, except for the values related to the Republic of Kalmykia and Rostov Oblast. This may be due to differences in the set of evaluated factors and expert assessments. The obtained results led to the conclusion that despite the complex geopolitical situation and the influence of external crisis factors, the regions of Southern Russia have maintained their investment attractiveness due to a flexible regulatory framework in the field of investments and existing measures to support business.
Modernization of state regulation of international trade within the context of Russia’s foreign policy implementation
Authors: Orzhakhovskaya Irina Yurievna , Fomicheva Elena Vasilievna , Malkhasyan Anastasia Yenokovna , Becher Veronika Vissarionovna
Published: June 2024

This article examines the transformation of state-legal regulation in international trade within the context of contemporary realities and the geopolitical environment. In turn, the foreign policy activities of a state ensure the implementation of priority directions in foreign policy, allocation of resources for its implementation, strategy and tactics of interaction between external and internal factors that influence the system of specific international relations, including their legal framework. In light of this, the objective of this research work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of state regulation regarding potential risks and possible adverse consequences of international trade for the domestic economy. Therefore, the study of state regulation of international trade and its aspects of modernization in the context of contemporary geopolitical processes becomes important and significant not only for Russia but also for foreign countries, both those displaying unfriendly behavior and exerting sectional pressure, as well as new partner states with which robust foreign economic ties are being established. Based on the research, a well-founded conclusion has been drawn that foreign policy activities are directly and closely linked to state-legal regulation of international trade. Therefore, a sound internal policy of Russia will enable it to reap benefits and pursue an independent foreign policy course, avoiding external pressures.
Resource-factor support for the competitive functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises: The potential of a cognitive approach
Authors: Korobov Sergey , Epinina Veronika , Moseyko Viktor , Usacheva Irina
Published: June 2024

The study is aimed at substantiating and proving the feasibility of using a cognitive approach in determining the role and impact of available resources on ensuring the competitive functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The authors of the study have developed a toolkit for the implementation of the competitive functioning of SMEs through resource-factor support in the framework of the cognitive approach acting as a methodological basis and used while implementing the expert analysis, designated as a methodical foundation. The functional qualities of competitive management of SMEs, expressed through four functional indicators: producing results, administration of activities, proactive and creative development, integration of the internal and external environment, have been defined by the authors of this study based on the concept of managerial roles by I. Adizes. In accordance with the theory of production factors by O.V. Inshakov, C. Hofer, the authors have substantiated the content of eight resources for managing SMEs: human, technical, material, organizational, informational, institutional, financial, reputational. The scientific novelty of the study includes combining the concept of managerial roles with a resource-factor approach and applying a cognitive approach to determine the degree of participation of resources in ensuring the competitive functioning of SMEs.
Modern payment infrastructure of cross-border settlements of Russia and China
Authors: Fan Yinbin , Voronkova Elena
Published: June 2024

The article reveals the features of the payment infrastructure of cross-border trade between China and Russia on the background of geopolitical risks. The authors emphasize the importance of organization and mechanisms of mutual payments between the two states. The risks of using international payment and clearing systems for Russia and China are noted. The development of national payment systems and national systems of financial information transmission in these countries are analyzed. The role and the transformation of traditional forms of payment mechanisms in Russian-Chinese cross-border settlements are defined. The purpose of the article is to perform system analysis and evaluate existing payment schemes today in trade between Russia and China. Methods. In this research methods of logistical and statistical analysis were used, which helped identify key trends, individual problems and prospects from this perspective. Results. Due to the global economy fragmentation and increased international competition, a fundamental reorientation of approaches to the organization of international trade settlements takes place as a factor of reducing the vulnerabilities of foreign economic activity. Novelty. The authors have systematized in details various ways of Russian-Chinese cross-border settlements, using elements of national payment systems that influence intercountry trade turnover, reducing global threats to national economies.
Shaping City Identity: The Role of Built Environment Quality
Authors: Nursanty Eko , Rusmiatmoko Djudjun , Widiantara I Wayan Andhika
Published: June 2024

This study explores the intricate relationship between the quality of the built environment and city identity, recognizing the built environment as a pivotal determinant in shaping the unique character and persona of urban spaces. Through a comprehensive review of literature and comparative analysis of diverse case studies, this research illuminates how architectural elements, urban planning, and public spaces contribute to the collective memory and identity of cities. Key findings reveal that high-quality built environments enhance city identity by fostering a sense of belonging, cultural continuity, and community engagement. Moreover, the study identifies the critical role of sustainable and inclusive design principles in reinforcing city identity in the face of rapid urbanization and globalization. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to urban studies, offering valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and architects in crafting cities that reflect and enhance their unique identities, thereby improving the quality of life for their inhabitants.
An efficient optimization framework for Urban drainage system design
Authors: Cao Truong-Son , Truong Viet-Hung , Nguyen Ngoc-Thang
Published: June 2024

The rapid urbanization process has been putting great pressure on the urban drainage system, which was built a long time ago and is degraded. In this study, an efficient optimization framework for Urban drainage systems is introduced. The design of a drainage network is formulated as an optimization problem, where the total construction costs of the network are minimized by choosing the cross-sections of pipes from a given discrete list. The hydraulic behaviors in the system are predicted by using the 1D sewer software Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The proposed optimization problem is solved using the Rao algorithm. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed framework, an urban drainage system in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea is studied. The numerical results proved that the proposed method is efficient and can be considered an effective tool for managers in building urban infrastructure systems.
FRENA, a facility for research in experimental nuclear astrophysics at SINP, Kolkata
Authors: Basu Chinmay
Published: June 2024

FRENA is a new low energy high current accelerator facility commissioned at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India. The primary goal of the facility is to perform nuclear astrophysics experiments and address key issues in the field. It is a unique facility in India and is the first accelerator dedicated for astrophysical studies.
Indirect methods in nuclear astrophysics: Recent results from ANC and THM
Authors: La Cognata Marco
Published: June 2024

Nuclear reactions within stars typically occur at energies significantly below 1 MeV. Consequently, the Coulomb barrier exponentially suppresses the cross section, reducing it to values as small as a few nanobarns for charged particles. This challenge in obtaining accurate input data for astrophysics has led to the introduction of indirect methods. Specifically, techniques such as ANC and THM have been employed to derive cross sections for reactions involving photons and charged particles in the exit channel, respectively, eliminating the need for extrapolation. The discussion delves into recent results from the application of these methods. For instance, the 6Li(3He,d)7Be measurement is utilized to deduce the ANC’s of the 3He+4He→ 7Be and p+6Li→ 7Be channels, along with their corresponding radiative-capture cross sections. Additionally, the THM measurement of the 27Al(p, α)24Mg cross section via the 2H(27Al,α 24Mg)n reaction is highlighted. In both cases, the cross section at astrophysical energies has been established with unprecedented accuracy.
Nucleosynthesis in Type Ia Supernovae, Classical Novae, and Type I X-Ray Bursts. A Primer on Stellar Explosions
Authors: José Jordi
Published: June 2024

Nuclear astrophysics aims at unraveling the cosmic origins of chemical elements and the physical processes powering stars. It constitutes a truly multidisciplinary field, that integrates tools, advancements, and accomplishments from theoretical astrophysics, observational astronomy, cosmochemistry, and theoretical and experimental atomic and nuclear physics. For instance, the advent of high-energy astrophysics, facilitated by space-borne observatories, has ushered in a new era, offering a unique, panchromatic view of the universe (i.e., allowing multifrequency observations of stellar events); supercomputers are also playing a pivotal role, furnishing astrophysicists with computational capabilities essential for studying the intricate evolution of stars within a multidimensional framework; cosmochemists, through examination of primitive meteorites, are uncovering tiny fragments of stardust, shedding light on the physical processes operating in stars and on the mechanisms that govern condensation of stellar ejecta into solids; simultaneously, nuclear physicists managed to measure nuclear reactions at (or close to) stellar energies, using both stable and radioactive ion beam facilities. This paper provides a multidisciplinary view on nucleosynthesis accompanying stellar explosions, with a specific focus on thermonuclear supernovae, classical novae, and type I X-ray bursts.
The ups and downs of inferred cosmological lithium
Authors: Korn Andreas
Published: June 2024

I summarize the stellar side of the cosmological lithium problem(s). Evidence from independent studies is accumulating and indicates that stars may very well be fully responsible for lowering their surface lithium from the predicted primordial value to observed levels through internal element-transport mechanisms collectively referred to as atomic diffusion.

While atomic diffusion can be modelled from first principles, stellar evolution uses a parametrized representation of convection making it impossible to predict convective-boundary mixing as a vital stellar process moderating atomic diffusion. More work is clearly needed here for a fully quantitative picture of lithium (and metallicity) evolution as stars age.

Lastly, note that inferred stellar lithium-6 abundances have all but disappeared.
Fundamentals of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis
Authors: Vescovi Diego
Published: June 2024

The theory of stellar structure and evolution plays a pivotal role in modern astrophysics. Stellar evolution calculations are used to determine the ages and, to a lesser extent, distances of stars, which are critical to our knowledge of the history and structure of galaxies. Moreover, since virtually all chemical elements (except hydrogen) can be synthesized inside stars, knowing the chemical history of the Universe requires understanding stellar evolution. Here, we briefly outline the basic physical processes at work in stellar structures and examine some of the most relevant aspects of the life of stars.
Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders: A General Overview
Authors: Zhang Taihao
Published: June 2024

In 2013, as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition was published, the name “Somatic symptom and related disorder” replaced “Somatoform disorders” and came into public sight. In the past decade, the prevalence of this category of disorders continued to increase. However, people still know little about this category of “mystery illness“. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of this category of disorders, including its diagnosis and treatment methods that have been proven to be effective, including cognitive behavioral, mindfulness, psychodynamic, psychopharmacologic, and other therapies. This paper is based mainly on the information included in DSM-V and reviewed pertinent literature, research, and papers found on websites such as Google Scholar and CNKI. This paper would be able to provide the reader with more understanding and possibly contribute to eliminating stigmatization by providing the public with more information on this particular group of disorders.
Politics in the Business Environment: Corporate Decision Making and Coping Strategies
Authors: Dai Shaohan
Published: June 2024

In today's global business environment, the mutual influence between enterprises and political factors has become increasingly significant. The uncertainty caused by partisan opposition and political fluctuation has become essential in corporate decision-making. This article explores the reason for political uncertainty and proposes countermeasures for influencing corporate decision-making. The study finds that political factors directly affect the investment plan, market future planning, and brand image of enterprises. Especially during partisan elections, companies have to pay close attention to political decisions and adapt their strategies to the new political environment. Companies actively participate in political activities and establish good relationships with governments, which will lead the enterprise to minimize risks and challenges at the political level. Finally, this article comparatively discusses the importance of corporate social responsibility, emphasizing the benefits of actively fulfilling social responsibilities to corporate social reputation and public trust. It provides strong support for enterprises' stable operation in the political environment.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy with T-Fasteners versus “Pull Technique”: Analysis of Complications
Authors: Castrillo Alejandra , García-Martínez Laura , Laín Ana , Giné Carlos , Díaz-Hervás María , López Manuel
Published: June 2024

Introduction The T-fasteners gastrostomy (T-PEG) has become increasingly popular over recent years as an alternative to the “pull-technique” gastrostomy (P-PEG). This study aimed to compare P-PEG and T-PEG complications.

Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study of pediatric patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. P-PEG was performed using the standard Ponsky technique and was replaced after 6 months by a balloon gastrostomy under sedation. T-PEG was performed using three percutaneous T-fasteners (that allow a primary insertion of a balloon gastrostomy). The balloon was replaced by a new one after 6 months without sedation. Complications were recorded.

Results In total, 146 patients underwent PEG placement, 70 P-PEG and 76 T-PEG. The mean follow-up was 3.9 years (standard deviation = 9.6). Age, weight, and associated comorbidities were comparable (p > 0.05). The overall complications were 17 (24.2%) in the P-PEG group and 16 (21.0%) in the T-PEG group (p > 0.05). P-PEG was associated with more sedation for button replacement (97 vs. 2.6% [p < 0.05]). P-PEG was associated with more early tube dislodgement during the first replacement (7.2 vs. 1.4% [p = 0.092]). Two of the five dislodged gastrostomies in the P-PEG group underwent laparotomy due to peritonitis, whereas the only dislodged gastrostomy in the T-PEG group was solved endoscopically. Altogether, P-PEG was associated with more complications that required urgent endoscopy, laparotomy, or laparoscopy (18.6 vs. 6.6% [p < 0.05]).

Conclusions P-PEG was associated with more sedation, complications during first button replacement, and complications requiring urgent endoscopy, laparotomy, or laparoscopy compared with T-PEG.
Identification of Factors Associated with Nonspecific Neck Pain in Working Women
Authors: Yadav Reetika , Kumar Pragya , Chawla Jasmine Kaur
Published: June 2024

Objectives Neck pain is a broad term that encompasses both nonspecific neck pain and neck pain-related disorders. It causes discomfort, impaired quality of life, disability, and affects workability alike in men as well as women. This study was designed to determine prevalence and evaluate the association of different factors with the occurrence of nonspecific neck pain in working women.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on working women (n = 196) age group between 25 and 53 years. A Google Form of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated With Non-Specific Neck Pain scale and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scale was given to individuals and further objective assessment of physical factors was conducted.

Statistical Analysis The association between individual, workplace, lifestyle, physical and psychological factors, and NDI levels of disability was also investigated using Pearson's correlation test and the chi-squared test using SPSS version 28.0.

Results Frequency of nonspecific neck pain in working women was 47.55%. Marital status was a significant (χ2 = 8.89) factor toward occurrence of neck pain in working women. Number of working hours/week (χ2 = 19.97), number of hours spend for entertainment on the computer (χ2 = 41.84), and height of keyboard & mouse (χ2 = 18.52) were significant factors leading to neck pain at workplace. Lifestyle factors such as mobile phones usage (p-value = 0.02) and posture assumed while using them (χ2 = 19.56) were significantly associated with neck disability. Levels of disability were significantly influenced by physical factors like tragus-to-wall tests (r = 0.33) and cervical flexion and extension ranges (r = 0.41 and r = 0.31). Importantly, psychological factors were strongly associated with neck pain and disability.

Conclusion Factors under psychological, workplace, and lifestyle domains were found significantly associated with nonspecific neck pain in working women.
Opioid Maintenance Therapy: A Review of Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone Treatments for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Fipps David C. , Oesterle Tyler S. , Kolla Bhanu P.
Published: June 2024

The rates of opioid use and opioid related deaths are escalating in the United States. Despite this, evidence-based treatments for Opioid Use Disorder are underutilized. There are three medications FDA approved for treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone. This article reviews the history, criteria, and mechanisms associated with Opioid Use Disorder. Pertinent pharmacology considerations, treatment strategies, efficacy, safety, and challenges of Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone are outlined. Lastly, a practical decision making algorithm is discussed to address pertinent psychiatric and medical comorbidities when prescribing pharmacology for Opioid Use Disorder.
The influence of education on gender attitudes among ethno-religious majority and minority youth in Germany from a longitudinal perspective
Authors: Yücetas Hakan , Carol Sarah
Published: June 2024

It is well-known that exposure to education is related to egalitarian gender attitudes. Yet, previous studies did not sufficiently take the temporal variation of this relationship into account, especially regarding ethno-religious minority and majority adolescents in Europe. Adolescence represents crucial years for attitude development. We analyze the association between secondary education and gender attitudes of female and male youth belonging to the majority, Muslim, and non-Muslim minority in Germany by employing the CILS4EU-DE panel data with more than 3200 adolescents. Obtaining a secondary school degree is associated with more egalitarian gender attitudes in general. However, different patterns emerge for the various ethno-religious groups and for females and males. Particularly, the effect of secondary education in general is stronger for boys than girls, and upper secondary education is stronger for Muslim minorities than for majority youth. Thus, attitudes develop during adolescence, and education can lead to more egalitarian gender attitudes among some groups but not all equally.
Knowing green, buying green: University students green knowledge and green purchase behavior
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Ruyang , Li Yafei , Zhou Yue
Published: June 2024

Green purchase behavior can significantly contribute to environmental protection, which should be further encouraged. In promoting green purchase behavior, individual green knowledge may play a vital role. This study aims to explore how and when green knowledge influences individual green purchase behavior. Based on trait activation theory, this study proposes that individuals with more green knowledge can better know the impact of their daily behaviors on the environment, including their consumption behaviors. Specifically, individuals with more green knowledge will have more environmental concerns and thus show higher preferences for green consumption. Further, by integrating the environment individuals live in, this study proposes that resource inadequacy will strengthen the effects of green knowledge. Survey data collected from 606 Chinese university students at three-time points supported our hypotheses. This study also discussed the theoretical and practical implications.
A gothic Taoism and its dual facets: possible worlds in The Haunted Monastery
Authors: Xie Pan
Published: June 2024

Recent scholarship has argued for a Western basis for the Judge Dee Mysteries, a detective fiction series by Sinologist Robert van Gulik (1910–1967) set in Tang China. But these studies primarily focus on how Chinese elements are recreated to cater to Anglophone readers’ tastes, neglecting to discuss their actual Western origins in any detail. This paper will make the attempt by focusing on one of the novels, The Haunted Monastery, to investigate how Gothic Taoism is projected through the internal organization of the semantic universe (characters, settings, and conflicts) in the multiple worlds of this detective fiction. It observes how van Gulik recreates anti-religious conventions in the traditional Western Gothic novel and in Chinese courtroom fiction. This artistic innovation highlights the dual facets of Taoism in the story, as it navigates between the realms of crime and faith. On the one hand, it faces the purely divine world, while on the other, it faces the secular world dominated by limitless desire.
Electronic and spectral properties of Ge1−xSnx quantum dots
Authors: Gawarecki Krzysztof , Ziembicki Jakub , Scharoch Paweł , Kudrawiec Robert
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study theoretically the electron and spectral properties of Ge1−xSnx systems, including alloys, cubic- and spherical quantum dots. The single-particle electron and hole states are calculated within the sp3d5s∗ tight-binding approach and used in further modeling of the optical properties. We systematically study the interplay of Sn-driven indirect–direct bandgap transition and the quantum confinement effect in systems of reduced dimensionality. We demonstrate the regime of sizes and compositions, where the ground state in Ge1−xSnx quantum dots is optically active. Finally, we calculate absorbance spectra in experimentally relevant colloidal quantum dots and demonstrate satisfactory agreement with experimental data.
Relationship between structure and charge/orbital order in epitaxial single layer Ruddlesden–Popper manganite thin films
Authors: Flathmann Christoph , Meyer Tobias , Ross Ulrich , Dehning Annika , Jooss Christian , Seibt Michael
Published: June 2024

Ruddlesden–Popper manganites are strongly correlated, quasi two-dimensional systems with highly tunable functional properties, which can, for example, be controlled by composition, strain, and defects. Praseodymium calcium manganite is a particularly interesting Ruddlesden–Popper system due to its remarkably high temperature at which ordering phenomena set in, enabling correlation physics above room temperature. However, in order to utilize the correlation phenomena and the quasi-two-dimensionality of the Ruddlesden–Popper systems for applications, one needs to grow thin film junctions, making it necessary to control the structure–property relation of Ruddlesden–Popper thin films. Here, we present a cryogenic transmission electron microscopy study of praseodymium calcium manganite thin films, deposited on niobium doped strontium titanate substrates, where we analyze the structure of the manganite thin film, as well as the effect of the epitaxial strain and defects on the charge/orbital order of the system. We identify a structural phase transition above the onset of charge/orbital order, frequently occurring extended defects and the temperature dependence and spatial distribution of charge/orbital ordering in the film. Our results show in detail the relationships between strain/defects and properties of the ordered phases and thus give important insights into how to tailor the functional properties of thin film junctions of strongly correlated materials.