bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filovirus infections: science and innovation
Authors: Aftaeva L. N. , Melnikov V. L. , Arekhina A. V.
Published: January 2025

Epidemics of Filovirus Hemorrhagic Fevers demonstrate an increase in incidence, a reduction in the intervals between outbreaks, the emergence of a risk of infection spreading to non-endemic regions in recent years. Filovirus infections are associated with high mortality due to the complexity of pathogenesis, the variety of spread routes, and severe and often irreversible clinical manifestations. The review contains information reflecting modern ideas about the taxonomy and structure of the genome of filoviruses, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, methods of treatment and immunoprophylaxis of hemorrhagic fevers. According to the latest revision of family Filoviridae taxonomy by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the family includes eight genuses, 15 species and 16 viruses. The genome is represented by a negative RNA strand that includes seven genes encoding seven structural proteins. The area of infections includes Africa, South and Central Europe, Southeast Asia, China. The natural reservoir of filoviruses is the fruit-bats mammals. The infectious process is based on the aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines. There are three periods of the disease: prodromal, generalization and terminal. The main method for diagnosing filovirus infections is recognized as a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in real time. Etiotropic therapy is based on the use of monoclonal antibodies against viral glycoprotein. The World Health Organization has approved two vaccines against Filovirus Infections for use. Several vaccines approved for use have been developed and registered on the territory of the Russian Federation and China.
Challenges in managing adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease (review)
Authors: Ignatova Yu. S. , Bryukhanov Ya. I. , Pecherina T. B. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the main problems in most countries of the modern world. In this connection, maintaining adherence to the treatment and prevention of CVD is a priority in the fight against diseases of the cardiovascular system. According to the WHO, insufficient adherence to treatment is an urgent medical problem. Approximately 35 % of patients cancel taking medications within a year after an acute cardiovascular event, which leads to a threefold increase in the risk of complications. The purpose of the review is to highlight the problem of low adherence in the aspect of CVD and highlight the main methods of increasing adherence to treatment. This article reflects the main aspects of adherence management, considers the factors leading to a decrease in the level of disease control, identifies the causes of low adherence, and identifies methods for increasing adherence to treatment in patients with CVD.
Intestinal monoamine oxidase activity in premature and full-term infants with surgical pathology
Authors: Vinel P. K. , Sinitskii A. I. , Tsareva V. V. , Grunin A. V. , Baboshko P. G. , Agletdinov E. F.
Published: January 2025

Advances in pediatric surgery, intensive care, and anesthesiology have significantly improved the outcomes of surgical treatment of full-term and premature infants with intestinal malformations and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The main challenges in treating children of this complex group today lie in improving diagnostics, choosing treatment tactics, and ensuring the postoperative period. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic monoamines, including those in intestinal wall cells and tissues. It can be a prognostic and diagnostic marker of the effectiveness and rate of intestinal recovery in the postoperative period, and also serve as a point of application for pharmacological correction. The aim of the study is to determine the activity of intestinal MAO in children of the first year of life with surgical pathology. Material and methods. The study included 24 patients with colon and small intestine pathologies, aged from 1 day to 3 months, who were treated at the Chelyabinsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital from October 2022 to May 2024. MAO-A and MAO-B activity was studied by spectrophotometry in intestinal homogenates obtained at the proximal resection margin. Results and discussion. Intestinal samples obtained from patients with diseases accompanied by pronounced inflammatory changes (NEC stage IIIA–IIIB, enterostomy closure after NEC III, intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND), Hirschsprung’s disease) showed a significant decrease in the activity of the MAO-A isoform. A decrease in MAO-B activity was demonstrated in intestinal wall samples obtained from children with confirmed diagnoses of Hirschsprung’s disease and intestinal neuronal dysplasia, as well as in premature infants with surgical stages of NEC. The highest activity of both enzyme isoforms was found in sigmoid colon samples without pathological changes in patients with anal and rectum atresia.
Socio-psychological problems in adolescents with uncontrolled bronchial asthma
Authors: Evert L. S. , Tereshchenko S. Yu. , Shubina M. V. , Gorbacheva N. N. , Kostyuchenko Yu. R.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to study the presence and characteristics of socio-psychological problems in adolescents with uncontrolled bronchial asthma (BA). Material and methods. We examined 212 adolescents with BA – patients of the pulmonary allergy center: 90 people with uncontrolled BA (the main group), 22 – with partially controlled asthma and 100 – with controlled asthma (the comparison groups); 136 (64.2 %) boys and 76 (35.8 %) girls; age 14 [13; 15] years (median [lower quartile; upper quartile]). The characteristics of prosocial behavior, the presence and severity of emotional disorders were studied. The values of the total score of the scales of the psychometric questionnaire used (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ test) were determined. The indicators were assessed in the main and comparison groups, including taking into account age and gender. Results. In the vast majority of those examined, the characteristics of both scales of the questionnaire, regardless of the controllability of asthma, gender and age of adolescents, did not deviate from the norm. The second and third ranking places were occupied by borderline and deviating indicators, respectively. The average values of the total scores of the questionnaire scales were higher in adolescents with uncontrolled BA, both boys and girls. Conclusions. It is necessary to conduct further research aimed at diagnosing socio-psychological problems associated with uncontrolled BA for their timely correction in order to achieve control over the course of asthma, increase the effectiveness of treatment and improve the prognosis in adolescents with this pathology.
Kultura strategiczna Federacji Rosyjskiej podczas rządów Władimira Putina
Authors: Baluk Walenty , Mac Patrycja
Published: January 2025

Kultura strategiczna stanowi stosunkowo nową perspektywę badawczą w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. W dyskursie naukowym zauważono, że kultura strategiczna stanowi okazję do zrozumienia i wyjaśnienia zachowania państw w środowisku międzynarodowym. Postrzegamy kulturę strategiczną jako system wartości uwarunkowanych kulturowo, wpływających na politykę zagraniczną i podejmowanie decyzji w zakresie bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza kultury strategicznej Federacji Rosyjskiej, a w szczególności omówienie jej geopolitycznego wymiaru w okresie rządów Władimira Putina, który jest powiązany z innymi komponentami, w tym syndromem oblężonej twierdzy, ideą zbierania ziem ruskich, mitem Trzeciego Rzymu czy koncepcjami Rosji-Eurazji i Rusi. Aspekt geopolityczny w rosyjskiej kulturze strategicznej jest swoistym połączeniem dwóch przeciwstawnych wymiarów – materialnego i niematerialnego. Z jednej strony przestrzeń jest elementem ściśle fizycznym – częścią składową państwa jest terytorium o określonych granicach. Z drugiej strony rosyjscy decydenci nadali jej charakter metafizyczny – widoczna jest sakralizacja czynnika przestrzennego wśród społeczeństwa. Polityka Władimira Putina jest zdeterminowana przez historię i geopolitykę, a głównym celem jego działań jest restytucja imperialnej potęgi Rosji i odnowienie rosyjskich wpływów na świecie. Zasadniczą cechą polityki kreowanej przez Putina jest swoisty rewanżyzm, militaryzacja państwa i społeczeństwa, kult siły i wojny. Kultura strategiczna Federacji Rosyjskiej jest pod silnym wpływem rosyjskiej myśli geopolitycznej i historyzmu. Wojna Rosji przeciwko Ukrainie po 2014 roku jest klasycznym przykładem wpływu kultury strategicznej na obecną politykę państwa rosyjskiego. W percepcji rosyjskich elit politycznych Ukraina, nazywana Małą Rosją, jawi się jako fundamentalny składnik Imperium Rosyjskiego. Powstanie niepodległej Ukrainy było postrzegane jako egzystencjalne zagrożenie dla rosyjskiej tożsamości imperialnej. Dlatego też polityka Władimira Putina miała na celu całkowite podporządkowanie Ukrainy lub rozwiązanie kwestii ukraińskiej siłą. Częścią rosyjskiej kultury strategicznej jest zaprzeczanie nie tylko suwerenności i niepodległości Ukrainy, ale także odrębności narodu ukraińskiego.
A Study on the Trends in U.S. College Admission Policy: Focusing on Holistic Admissions
Authors:   Korean Comparative Education Society, Kim Juah , Chon Kyonghee , Kim Jee Eun , Kang Chungseo
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] This study aims to analyze the recent trends in the U.S. college admissions system, focusing particularly on holistic admissions practices.
[Methods]The U.S. is increasingly adopting holistic admissions practices that comprehensively evaluate students' diverse abilities and potential, while simultaneously reducing reliance on standardized testing. Although these practices promote educational diversity and equity, they also present certain operational challenges.
[Results] The study conducted a literature review and analysis of the changing dynamics in U.S. college admissions, focusing on holistic admissions practices, the expansion of test-optional policies, and other related aspects.
[Conclusion] The study discusses implications for student assessment through holistic admissions, standardized test utilization, the establishment of high school grade reliability, and the enhancement of university autonomy and accountability.
Immanuel Kant, “À Paz Perpétua”
Authors: Trevisan Leonardo Simchen
Published: January 2025

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a recepção do opúsculo À Paz Perpétua, de Immanuel Kant, especialmente no âmbito cultural germânico no período imediatamente posterior à sua publicação, bem como suscitar reflexões acerca da relevância dessa obra para os dias atuais. Nisso, o aludido texto será cotejado, em um primeiro momento, com as seções correspondentes ao direito internacional presentes na Metafísica dos Costumes e, em um segundo momento, com os comentários de autores como Joseph Görres, Friedrich Gentz e Georg W. F. Hegel. Por fim, serão tecidas algumas observações acerca da atualidade do pensamento de Kant a respeito do tema, especialmente no que tange ao reconhecimento do direito humano à paz.
A dedução do imperativo categórico na Fundamentação III
Authors: Esteves Julio
Published: January 2025

Meu objetivo neste artigo é desenvolver uma Auseinandersetzung com a interpretação de André Borges e Cezar Augusto Flora sobre a dedução do imperativo categórico na Fundamentação III, como publicada num capítulo do livro intitulado Kant em Diálogo. Os nossos pontos de desacordo dizem respeito principalmente ao próprio alvo da dedução e ao suposto círculo na prova. Contudo, para apresentá-los adequadamente, foi necessário, antes de tudo, traçar distinções importantes entre dois sentidos de liberdade e de vontade no interior da filosofia moral de Kant.
Vocational education and training in Latin America
Authors: Suescún Barón Carlos Alberto , Hernández Pérez Sharim Samara , Giraldo Pedroza Juan Sebastian , Tellez Pérez Julian David
Published: January 2025

This article arises from the need to understand the development of Vocational Education and Training (VET) systems in different socioeconomic contexts, focusing on four Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Colombia) and the German case, to understand the current state and the differentiated dynamics of VET and its institutional structure. The German case – and its relative success in terms of articulation between training for work and business – constituted it as a reference for the evaluation of this type of institutions, which in the case of Latin America have not been unfamiliar with the policies of structural reforms based on the Washington Consensus (in some cases, they were privatised). The article is divided into three sections, which explain how vocational training programs work from a brief historical context, describing their operational structure, the legal framework from which they operate, the sources of funding, the main vocational training institutions, and their relationship with economic dynamics.
Zentangle Art to Improving Mental Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hermanto Edi , Kurnia Galuh Mega , Nurmala Ira , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini
Published: January 2025

Background: Due to its increasing incidence, mental health has become a global concern in recent years. Therefore, academics, practitioners, and researchers have been searching for the best approach to mental well-being that will affect mental health. Art therapy has long been used as a tool to improve mental health. However, not all forms of art therapy are suitable for everyone. Zentangle, a method of drawing repetitive patterns, has attracted attention as one form of art therapy that is easy to learn and practice. Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of Zentangle in improving mental health. Methods: This review uses a Scoping Review using 3 databases: ProQuest, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The exclusion criteria are systematic review, scoping review and literature review. Of the 15 articles found, 6 were included in the inclusion criteria, which were then used as material for discussion in this article. Discussion: Findings from 6 articles show that Zentangle therapy can improve cognitive focus and emotional well-being, effectively alleviate Stress and lessen feelings of frustration, reduce symptoms of depression, foster compassion and encourage positive emotions. Conclusions: Zentangle therapy can foster positive emotions such as gratitude and self-achievement, improving physical, mental and spiritual well-being and thus positively affecting mental health.
Is Adolescent Physical Literacy Linked to Their Mental Health?
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Mubarokah Kismi , Haikal Haikal , Setiono Oki , Belladiena Alfiena Nisa , Muthoharoh Nor Amalia , Rahma Nis Syifa’ur , Iqbal Muhammad , Nurmandani Ririn , Ratna Wulan Widya , Geets-Kesić Marijana , Savicevic Anamarija Jurcev
Published: January 2025

Background: More than 10% of adults in Indonesia experience mental and emotional disorders. Previous research has concluded that mental health is related to a person's physical literacy. Objectives: This study explores the relationship between physical literacy and mental health among adults in Semarang City, Indonesia, emphasizing the mediating role of various physical literacy domains. Methods: This observational study used a cross-sectional design with 610 participants chosen by stratified selection. Physical literacy and mental health were evaluated using the Perceived Physical Literacy Questionnaire (PPLQ) and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), respectively. All data acquired during interviews with trained enumerators were then processed using Stata. The data was then evaluated with the Spearman Rank test. Results: The study included more women than men. They were largely high school and college students who weren't yet married. The respondents' physical literacy remained moderate, while their mental health remained good/free of unhealthy mental issues. Bivariate analysis revealed that higher levels of physical literacy were linked to better mental health outcomes, particularly in the categories of physical ability, knowledge, and motivation. Age and education levels also have a substantial impact on mental health. Conclusions: Physical literacy has a substantial impact on mental health among adults in Semarang City.
A potential hydrogen isotope storage material Zr2Fe: deep exploration on phase transition behaviors and disproportionation mechanism
Authors: Yang Zhiyi , Jia Yuxiao , Liu Yang , Xiao Xuezhang , Ying Tiao , Feng Xingwen , Shi Yan , Chen Changan , Luo Wenhua , Chen Lixin
Published: January 2025

Tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, is exceptionally rare and valuable. The safe storage, controlled release and efficient capture of tritium are subject to focused research in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. However, the application of an efficient tritium-getter material remains a critical challenge. Zr2Fe alloys exhibit a strong ability to absorb low-concentration hydrogen isotopes, but their practicability suffers from disproportionation reaction. Yet, the essential de-/hydrogenation performances and disproportionation mechanism of Zr2Fe are inconclusive. Here, we designed a comprehensive series of measurements that demonstrate the ultra-low hydrogenation equilibrium pressure (2.68 × 10-8 Pa at 25 °C) and unique hydrogen-interacted phase transitions in Zr2Fe-H systems. Further kinetic and thermodynamic analyses reveal the causative reasons for disproportionation and determine the triggering temperature of the disproportionation reaction to be 375 °C in static hydrogen environments. Utilizing inversion of the Van't Hoff equation, higher-temperature hydrogen absorption models of Zr2Fe are developed, supporting a solution to the inaccuracy and inseparability of the general de-/hydrogenation and disproportionation, thereby verifying the unique disproportionation route (Zr2Fe/Zr2FeHx + H2 → ZrFe2 + ZrH2). Combined with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the de-/hydrogenation and disproportionation mechanisms and their interrelation can be explained in depth. This work supports the exploration and modification of the Zr2Fe-H and other metal hydride storage systems in future studies.
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Arnaldo Paim Nunes Júnior Pedro , Mantovani de Oliveira José Victor , Soares de Sales Júnior Levi , Allex Neves Pontes Hugho
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Alzheimer's Disease (AD), described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative condition that manifests insidiously, leading to a decline in information retention and various cognitive dysfunctions. Objective: To summarize the main biochemical and histopathological alterations of AD. Methods: A review was conducted to compile and analyze key findings on AD's biochemical and histopathological aspects. Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), and Scielo, using terms like "Alzheimer's Disease" and "Alzheimer's Histopathology”. Results and Discussion: Neuropathological examination reveals generalized cortical atrophy, senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar degeneration, and neuronal loss in AD-affected brains. The accumulation of β-amyloid protein in senile plaques and tau microtubulin in neurofibrillary tangles are notable markers, correlating with dementia severity. Disruptions in acetylcholine transmission and acetyltransferase activity are frequent findings. Genetic factors are pivotal in the etiopathogenesis of AD, with other contributing elements including exposure to infectious agents, aluminum toxicity, oxygen free radicals, neurotoxic amino acids, and microtubule damage. Conclusion: AD presents diffuse cortical atrophy, β-amyloid plaques, tau tangles, granulovacuolar degeneration, and neuronal loss. Biochemical changes such as acetylcholine transmission disruptions, alongside genetic predisposition, are major contributors to its pathogenesis.
Ten-Year Observational Study of Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Clinical Outcomes, Prognostic Factors, and Five-Year Survival Rates
Authors: Ziora Paweł , Skiba Hanna , Kiczmer Paweł , Zaboklicka Natalia , Wypyszyńska Julia , Stachura Maria , Sito Zuzanna , Rydel Mateusz , Czyżewski Damian , Drozdzowska Bogna
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with lung adenocarcinoma being the most prevalent subtype. This study aims to review the clinical data and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 471 patients who had surgery for lung adenocarcinoma at our institution. Their medical histories, including previous neoplasms, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, and symptoms, were thoroughly reviewed. We calculated the overall survival rate and evaluated the impact of tumor grading and spread through air spaces (STAS) on patient outcomes. Results: The survival rate for the entire cohort was 76.23%. There was no significant difference in survival rates between patients classified as G1 and G2, suggesting that a simplified two-tier grading system may be more effective. Patients with STAS had a lower survival rate than those without STAS. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a simplified grading system may improve prognostic evaluations for lung adenocarcinoma patients. Furthermore, STAS is a crucial factor affecting survival rates and should be considered in future treatment strategies. Expanding research in this area is essential to enhance treatment approaches for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Pectinolytic Fungi from the Soil of Decomposed Plant Materials
Authors: Boakye Sylvester Owusu , Zakpaa Hilary Domakyaara , Borigu Malik , Duwiejuah Abudu Ballu
Published: January 2025

Pectinases are essential enzymes and command a quarter of all food enzymes sold globally, and are recognised as excellent workhorses in plethora of industries. These enzymes are mainly sourced from animals, microorganisms and plants, with microbes serving as the main sources owing to the quality, quantity, ease of extraction and economic considerations. This research study isolated, screened, and identified five pectinase-producing fungi from the soil of decaying fruits and vegetables. The isolated fungal species were cultured and screened for highest pectinase production using pectinase screening agar medium containing 1% citrus pectin. Four isolates identified as Aspergillus niger, Fusarium species, Trichoderma species and Aspergillus flavus, exhibited very high values of pectinase hydrolysis based on clear zone method, which were 25, 23, 20, and 20 mm for the respective isolates. A secondary pectin hydrolysis screening exercise was conducted afterwards to obtain the highest level of reducing sugars and pectinase released by the isolates. Aspergillus niger, once again, proved to be the best as it recorded maximum reducing sugar of 3.92 mg/mL and pectinase enzyme activity of 36.23 U/mL. Soil have the potential to serve as the primary source of fungal species capable of degrading pectin to release pectinase enzymes, which have numerous applications in the production of pharmaceuticals, food, beverages, animal feed, textiles, detergents, protoplast fusion, pulp and paper and biofuels.
From Serendipity to Precision: Integrating AI, Multi-Omics, and Human-Specific Models for Personalized Neuropsychiatric Care
Authors: Tanaka Masaru
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The dual forces of structured inquiry and serendipitous discovery have long shaped neuropsychiatric research, with groundbreaking treatments such as lithium and ketamine resulting from unexpected discoveries. However, relying on chance is becoming in-creasingly insufficient to address the rising prevalence of mental health disorders like depression and schizophrenia, which necessitate precise, innovative approaches. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, induced pluripotent stem cells, and multi-omics have the potential to transform this field by allowing for predictive, patient-specific interventions. Despite these ad-vancements, traditional methodologies such as animal models and single-variable analyses con-tinue to be used, frequently failing to capture the complexities of human neuropsychiatric con-ditions. Summary: This review critically evaluates the transition from serendipity to preci-sion-based methodologies in neuropsychiatric research. It focuses on key innovations such as dynamic systems modeling and network-based approaches that use genetic, molecular, and en-vironmental data to identify new therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and human-specific models in overcoming the limitations of traditional approaches. Conclusion: We highlight precision psychiatry's transformative potential for revolutionizing mental health care. This paradigm shift, which combines cutting-edge tech-nologies with systematic frameworks, promises increased diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, and efficiency, paving the way for tailored treatments and better patient outcomes in neuro-psychiatric care.
On Limitations to Conceptual Knowledge in Kantian Categories and Postmodernist Philosophy
Authors: Penzance Isaac
Published: January 2025

Chalmers’ Constructing the World offers an exploration into complete bodies of information – for which he proposes that an entity such as Laplace’s Demon has a scrutable interpretation over available information. However, Chalmers does not address a true realisation of what a complete knowledge should be; Laplace’s Demon remains very much human. This article further suggests that information is limited – specifically in a post-modernist framework – because the limited number of perceptible differences (known as Categories) reduces the scale of differences such that the information converges into a common limitation.
Description of a Current Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the United States
Authors: Raghuram Anupama , Furmanek Stephen , Chandler Thomas , Rashid Salwa , Mattingly William , Ramirez Julio
Published: January 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decline in Mycoplasma pneumoniae was observed. However, M. pneumoniae reemerged globally in 2023. Here we describe a current outbreak of M. pneumoniae infections in the United States (US). More than 287 million patient records from all 50 states in the US were reviewed to identify patients with a M. pneumoniae diagnosis between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2024. A C-chart was created by calculating the mean and standard error (SE) of cases during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, with the upper control limit (UCL) set at 3 SE above the mean. The presence of an outbreak was defined as counts above the UCL. Cumulative excess cases were used to estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, and the fold increase was calculated. A US outbreak of M. pneumoniae began at the end of 2023, resulting in 9,708 excess cases corresponding to a 9.0-fold increase over the baseline UCL. The outbreak is ongoing and is affecting both children and adults, including patients with M. pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The current US outbreak of M. pneumoniae has significant implications for the management of patients with respiratory infections during the current pneumonia season.
Integrated MultiOmics Analysis Sheds Light on the Mechanisms of Color and Fragrance Biosynthesis in Wintersweet Flowers
Authors: Fu Xuemei , Wang Huabo , Tao Xiang , Liu Yuting , Chen Longqing , Yang Nan
Published: January 2025

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is known for its flowering in winter and rich floral aroma, and it’s the whole flower is yellow or the inner petals are red. In this study, we choose the wintersweet genotypes HLT040 and HLT015 (belonging to the C. praecox 'Luteus' group and C. praecox 'Grandiflorus' group, respectively) as the re-search materials, and studied the co-regulatory mechanism of color and fragrance of wintersweet through metabolomics and transcriptomics. This study found that there were more flavonoids in HLT015, and anthocyanins (Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) were only present in HLT015, but HLT040 contained more monoterpenes and FVBPs (phenylpropanoid volatile compounds) than HLT015. We constructed putative benzenoids and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway as well as terpene metabolism pathways. We found some linkages between the different struc-tural genes and metabolites in flower color and fragrance of wintersweet, and screened out 34 TFs that may be related to one or more structural genes in benzenoids and phenylpropanoid or terpene metabolism pathways. This study provided a theo-retical basis for understanding the co-regulatory mechanism of color and fragrance in wintersweet.
Multi-Channel Cellytics for Rapid and Cost-Effective Leukocyte Activation Monitoring
Authors: Cheon Hojin , Kumar Samir , Lee Inha , Shin Sanghoon , Jang Heyji , Lee Young-Sun , Nam Myung-Hyun , Jun Hyun Sik , Seo Sungkyu
Published: January 2025

Morphological changes in white blood cells (WBCs) are valuable markers of disease and immune response. This study introduces a multi-channel Lens-free Shadow Imaging Technology (LSIT) device for rapid, cost-effective leukocyte analysis. Device performance was optimized by evaluating micro-pinhole chip parameters, with etched pinholes demonstrating superior image quality and sharpness compared to drilled pinholes. Using an activation stimulator cocktail (ASC), WBC activation was induced, and resulting morphological changes were quantified using shadow parameters, including peak-to-peak distance (PPD) and maxima-to-minima standard deviation (MMD-SD). A novel leukocyte activation parameter (LAP) was developed to measure these activation-induced changes comprehensively. Results showed that ASC-stimulated WBCs exhibited increased PPD and LAP values and decreased MMD-SD, consistent with flow cytometry findings. These results highlight the potential of LSIT and LAP for rapid and accurate assessment of leukocyte activation, offering a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics and immunological research.
Green and Efficient Extraction of Taraxacum Kok-Saghyz Natural Rubber and Its Structural Analysis
Authors: Zheng Jiagang , Zhang Fuquan , Zhao Qingyun , Yu Rentong , Zhao Yanfang , Liao Xiaoxue , Liao Lusheng
Published: January 2025

Natural rubber (NR) is in high demand due to its excellent elasticity and physical and mechanical properties, but production is limited and NR is in short supply. There is an urgent need to find new alternative rubber sources. Taraxacum kok saghyz (TKS), as a green, renewable, widely planted and high content rubber producing plant, has shown broad application prospects. The extraction process is the key to developing efficient, green, and high-purity Taraxacum kok saghyz Natural Rubber (TKNR) to replace NR in various applications. In this study, TKS roots were processed through repeated boiling to remove inulin, followed by alkaline treatment with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to isolate lignin and facilitate cell wall disruption. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis using pectinase and cellulase enabled the dissolution of root-structure carbohydrates, thereby obtained TKNR. Structural characterization of TKNR was conducted and compared with that of NR. The results showed that the combined alkaline and enzymatic extraction methodology effectively isolates TKNR from TKS roots. Structural analysis reveals that TKNR closely resembles NR, similar comparable molecular weight and distribution, crystallinity, and crosslinking networks, with both polymers primarily consisting of cis-1,4-polyisoprene.
Optimization of Denominations in Poland
Authors: Łuczka Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this work is to investigate whether the optimization of currency denominations in Poland is possible. Specific denomination values have been indicated that would allow to reduce the average amount of cash needed to represent any amount, while maintaining the property of divisibility. Moreover, short analysis reveals this approach outperforms the solutions identified by Tesler and Wynne in terms of the mergeability property of money.
Pump Model for Drip Irrigation with Saline Water Powered by Photovoltaic Solar Panel with Direct and Intermittent Application
Authors: Cossich Vinicius , Vilas Boas Marcio Antonio , Alves Pereira Antonio Augusto , Guardini Renato , Lopes Allan Remor , Kepp Naila Cristina , Junior Dario Machado , Bertonha Altair
Published: January 2025

In arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation is extremely important for agricultural production. However, water salinity is a major threat both to the soil-plant combination and to the longevity of the materials that make up the irrigation system. Drip irrigation with direct and intermittent photovoltaic pumping can play a key role in optimizing irrigation with saline water. This article compares two pump models to understand which has the greatest capacity to reduce the risks of salinity in irrigated agriculture. The evaluation of the ideal pump was conducted using electrical and hydraulic parameters of the motor pump and quality parameters of the water applied by irrigation. The results indicate that the diaphragm pump is more sensitive to disturbances in irrigation management but makes the irrigation system with saline water more resistant to clogging.
Time Varying Route Optimization of Hazardous Materials Transportation Considering Risk Equity
Authors: Liu Liping , Tian Tong , Wang Rui , Li Shuxia
Published: January 2025

Transportation of hazardous chemicals is a critical component of chemical logistics, with unique properties such as flammability, explosiveness, and corrosiveness posing significant risks of catastrophic accidents. While the current literature has focused on reducing the overall risk within hazardous materials transportation systems, it has paid less attention to the equitable distribution of risks across regions from a public health perspective. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of research on the optimization of hazardous material transportation routes that consider risk equity in the context of fluctuating population densities and wind speeds. This article considers the impact area of hazardous chemical accidents under various wind speed conditions. It then establishes a time-varying risk assessment function that considers changes in population density over time. The Gini coefficient is employed to quantify the disparity in risks among different routes. Building on this foundation, we propose a novel time-varying route optimization model for hazardous materials transportation that incorporates risk equity considerations. Secondly, we design an improved genetic algorithm based on the ε-constraint method to solve the proposed model efficiently. Finally, the research methodology is applied to a realistic transportation network in Shanghai, providing a case study that illustrates the application of the model. The study also examines the temporal distribution of risk equity, offering practical and feasible insights into the dynamics of risk allocation in practical scenarios.
Technology Innovation and Social and Behavioural Commitment: A Case Study of Digital Transformation in the Moroccan Insurance Industry
Authors: Abdallah-Ou-Moussa Soukaina , Wynn Martin , Kharbouch Omar , El aoufi Sara , Rouaine Zakaria
Published: January 2025

Digital transformation (DT) has become an imperative for companies seeking to evolve in a constantly changing industrial ecosystem, driven by the continual development and application of innovative digital technologies. Nevertheless, the success rate of DT initiatives remains surprisingly low, which only serves to highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the factors that determine the success of these initiatives. This study adopts a quantitative methodological approach to address this challenge, focusing on the Moroccan insurance industry. First a systematic literature review was undertaken to identify the key change dimensions and related factors that influence DT acceptance, at both individual and corporate levels, as well as the potential risks associated with the adoption of DT. A survey of 100 employees of insurance companies in Morocco was then undertaken, to statistically establish the key factors that determine the success of DT in these companies. Research results reveal that planned behavioral factors, as well as the innovative features of digital technologies, exert a positive influence on the attitude towards acceptance of DT. Furthermore, this positivity translates into greater personal acceptance of new technologies within the Moroccan organizations studied. Although the paper focuses on one industry sector in one country, the authors believe the results make a valid contribution to both theory and practice. The findings indicate a clear distinction between individual acceptance of innovation and acceptance at a social level, an approach that has scarcely been addressed in previous research. It also offers valuable insights for leaders and organizational managers seeking to succeed in their DT projects by highlighting key determining factors to effectively guide this complex process.
Emergent Aspects of the integration of Sensory and Motor Functions
Authors: Florio Tiziana M.
Published: January 2025

This article delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying the sensory integration in the execu-tive control of movement, encompassing ideomotor activity, predictive capabilities, and motor control systems. It examines the interplay between motor and sensory functions, highlighting the role of cortical and subcortical regions of the central nervous system in enhancing environmental interaction. The acquisition of motor skills, procedural memory, and the representation of actions in the brain are discussed emphasizing the significance of mental imagery and training in motor function. Development of this aspect of sensorimotor integration control can help to advances our understanding of the interactions between executive motor control, cortical mechanisms, and consciousness. Bridging theoretical insights with practical applications, it sets the stage for future innovations in clinical rehabilitation, assistive technology, and education. The ongoing explora-tion of these domains promises to uncover new pathways for enhancing human capability and well-being.
Harnessing Agricultural Waste for Sustainable Biodiesel Production: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Borthakur Partha
Published: January 2025

Agricultural waste has garnered increasing attention as a promising and sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production, offering a pathway to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and address environmental challenges. This comprehensive review delves into the potential of utilizing agricultural residues such as crop husks, fruit peels, and other organic by-products for biodiesel synthesis, emphasizing the transformative role of biochar in this process. The review explores advancements in conversion technologies, including pyrolysis and transesterification, which enable the effective transformation of agricultural wastes into biodiesel. Biochar's application as a heterogeneous catalyst significantly enhances the efficiency and sustainability of these processes, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional catalysts. The study also examines various modifications of biochar, such as chemical and physical treatments, which further optimize its catalytic properties and expand its applications in biodiesel synthesis. In addition to technological advancements, this review highlights the socio-economic benefits of leveraging agricultural waste and biochar, such as waste valorization, rural economic development, and contributions to the circular economy. It also addresses challenges like feedstock variability, collection logistics, and the need for robust policy frameworks to support agricultural waste-based biodiesel production. By integrating biochar into biodiesel production systems, this review provides a comprehensive roadmap for harnessing agricultural waste to achieve renewable energy goals.
A Practical and Effective Artemia Hatching Method to Eliminate Covert Mortality Nodavirus (CMNV)
Authors: Lu Zhangwang , Wang Jun , Jiang Donghuo , Wang Yan , Jiang Hui Gong
Published: January 2025

The covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), an emerging pathogen that infects several species severely in aquaculture including marine shrimps, freshwater prawns and crabs, has been detected in both wild Artemia and commercial Artemia cysts. Utilization of Artemia from unknown sources can impose considerable biosecurity risks in hatchery operations, therefore effective hatching methods to eliminate the pathogenic potential from CMNV-positive (CMNV+) Artemia cysts are urgently needed. In this work, we assessed the efficacy of three treatment methods of disinfecting CMNV+ Artemia cysts during hatching: (l) Decapsulation of Artemia cysts with Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) and NaClO (sodium hypochlorite) at various durations before hatching; (2) Application of different concentrations of formalin in hatching water; (3) Combinations of decapsulating Artemia cysts and formalin-treated hatching water. Hatching CMNV+ Artemia with disinfected seawater only served as the control. The results showed that: (l) The virus located on the cyst shells attached/infected Artemia larvae during hatching and remained active for a prolonged time of 7 days. (2) The viral load of empty shells decreased with the decapsulation treatment time. After a 45-minute treatment of decapsulation, CMNV on shells, as well as larvae, were eliminated successfully. Furthermore, decapsulation shortened the hatching time of the cysts from 19 h to 12 h, (3) 10 ppm formalin in the hatching water could block the transmission of CMNV from the shells to the newly hatched larvae, although at this level it was insufficient to eliminate the virus from the shells completely. While use of 30 ppm formalin or higher dosage could eliminate CMNV, however, it also reduced the hatching rates of the Artemia cysts. (4) Combination of decapsulation (treated with Na2CO3-NaClO for 15 min) and 10 ppm formalin in hatching water effectively eliminated the CMNV. This study developed a practical, effective, and reliable treatment method for hatching Artemia to ensure biosecurity in aquaculture hatcheries.
A Reasoned Attempt to Mitigate Vibrations in Non-Linear Flexible Systems Influenced by Tractive-Elastic Rolling Contact Friction Through Input Shaping: A Case Study on a Trolley-Pipe Benchmark Transport System
Authors: Pelaez Gerardo , Izquierdo Pablo , Peláez-Lourido Gustavo , Rubio Higinio
Published: January 2025

The well-regarded feedforward control strategy known as Input Shaping is aimed at improving the dynamic response of flexible mechanical systems by reducing overshoot and residual vibration amplitude. Its validity has been confirmed by numerous studies dealing with linear system dynamics. However, its application to nonlinear systems, particularly those influenced by tractive-elastic rolling contact friction, remains a challenging and less explored open research area. This paper investigates whether Input Shaping, without tractive rolling friction compensation, can effectively mitigate vibrations in a trolley-pipe benchmark transport system. In this system, the pipe is modeled as a rolling disk attached to the trolley by a spring at its center of mass, while the trolley itself is connected to a guiding body frame by an additional spring acting as a proportional control. The natural frequencies of the system are analytically estimated and numerically verified from a corresponding well suited multibody model. Thus tailored two-mode shapers are designed based on simultaneous constraints and convolution sum respectively. Through multibody simulations, this study evaluates the performance of Input Shaping under tractive-elastic rolling contact friction conditions. The findings highlight both the potential and limitations of this control method in addressing nonlinear mechanical systems influenced by such tractive-elastic rolling contact friction.
The Meaning of Life: A Perspective from Buddhist Philosophy and the Agganna Sutta
Authors: Jayawardena Amal
Published: January 2025

What is the meaning of life? This timeless question has captivated humanity for millennia, inspiring diverse interpretations across cultures, religions, and philosophies. Buddhist philosophy, particularly as articulated in the Agganna Sutta, offers a profound perspective: life is a cyclical process, governed by tanha (attachment) to the physical and material world. This craving perpetuates an eternal loop of birth, death, and rebirth. Liberation from this cycle is achieved through detachment, culminating in spiritual freedom. In this Perspective, we explore the concept of life as a circular journey, the implications of attachment, and the transformative power of detachment in attaining liberation (nirvana).
Predicting Electric Fields Distribution in Lightning Protection Systems with Heterogeneous Grounding Under Negative Impulse Voltage
Authors: Khechekhouche Ali , Gacem Abdelmalek , Bosisio Alessandro , Shirvani Rouzbeh
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the effect of geological discontinuities on the electric breakdown distributions near vertical and horizontal lightning conductors (VLC and HLC) in various ground conditions. To investigate this effect, numerical simulations were carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics, a state-of-the-art finite element analysis software. The simulations took into consideration detailed models of the conductor geometries, ground structures, and parameters of the lightning discharge for a variation of distance ratios (D/hc) between the conductor and earth discontinuity. Results show that for D/hc = 1.5, the electric field strength near the conductor and discontinuity interface is 20% lower than that obtained from the homogeneous model without a conductor. On the other hand, for D/hc ≥ 3.5, the electric breakdown strength has agreed well with the conductor less model, indicating negligible impact on discharge attraction. The equipotential lines and field intensities around the interface have shown non-uniform distributions, with maximum field strengths directly at the interface surface. Results have brought forth important practical implications in developing an efficient lightning protection system over different earth natures and emphasized the role of accurate numerical modeling approaches with consideration to boundary conditions.
Strategic Fusion Optimizes Transformer Compression
Authors: Rahman Md Shoaibur
Published: January 2025

This study investigates transformer model compression by systematically pruning its layers. We evaluated 14 pruning strategies across nine diverse datasets, including 12 strategies based on different signals obtained from layer activations, mutual information, gradients, weights, and attention. To address the limitations of single-signal strategies, we introduced two fusion strategies, linear regression and random forest, which combine individual strategies (i.e., strategic fusion), for more informed pruning decisions. Additionally, we applied knowledge distillation to mitigate any accuracy loss during layer pruning. Our results reveal that random forest strategic fusion outperforms individual strategies in seven out of nine datasets and achieves near-optimal performance in the other two. The distilled random forest surpasses the original accuracy in six datasets and mitigates accuracy drops in the remaining three. Knowledge distillation also improves the accuracy-to-size ratio by an average factor of 18.84 across all datasets. Supported by mathematical foundations and biological analogies, our findings suggest that strategically combining multiple signals can lead to efficient, high-performing transformer models for resource-constrained applications.