bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular mapping of a novel lesion mimic gene (lm4) associated with enhanced resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat
Authors: Liu Rong , Lu Jing , Zheng Shigang , Zhou Min , Du Mei , Zhang Chihong , Wang Minxiu , Li Yunfang , Xing Jiayi , Wu Yu , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2020

Background: Lesion mimics (LM) is a disease-like symptom randomly spread on plant green leaves without any pathogens. Previous study has found that LM was related to enhanced resistance to a broad spectrum of diverse pathogen races and programmed cell death (PCD). Stripe rust is a globally epidemic fungal disease that can cause significant reduction of the quality and yield of crops. Development of resistance cultivars is economically and environmentally method for enhancing adaptability and yield stability of crops instead by fungicides application. In this study, we identify a novel LM gene with Pst resistance in wheat breeding population and mapped it with developing molecular markers for marker assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding.Results: In this study, a novel LM gene named as lm4 was identified by using a Yanzhan1/Neixiang188 RILs population, which closely linked to SSR markers Xgwm210 and Xgwm455 by 8.06 CM intervals. Then the genetic distance of the lm4 was shortened that flanked by SSR markers with 0.51CM and 0.77CM interval. Two SSR markers lm4_01_cib and lm4_02_cib were developed based on Chinese Spring genome database and wheat-660K SNP result, which can be used to conduct MAS of LM in wheat. And the results also show that lm4 significantly improved the resistance of stripe rust in wheat.Conclusions: Therefore, lm4 is associated with stripe rust resistance, and it may provide a new tool or theoretical support for future crop disease-resistant breeding and for understanding the plant apoptosis mechanism.
Where Would Final Year Dental Students Like to Work as Opposed to Where They Will Work?
Authors: Kinkela Frank , Durward Callum , Short Stephanie Doris , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Australia has a disproportionate number of dentists working in its capital city locations relative to its rural locations. Australian Government agencies have initiated two different approaches to partially equalize this workforce imbalance. One approach has been to allow for the placement of dental students from capital city-based universities into a rural work student location. The second, more recent, approach has been to establish dental schools in regional areas. The study has the objective to assess the perceptions and views of both urban and rural-based dental school students on rural placement experience and future rural work. METHODS: Two rural dental schools and one capital city-based dental school were approached, and all consented to their students participating in this survey. The data from the two rural universities were then coalesced and compared to the data from the capital city-based university to quantify the usefulness of the two different approaches in enhancing a dental workforce within rural locations. RESULTS: Many urban-based dental students in this study indicated that they might return to a rural location for employment, and that their rural placement helps them to make this decision. Furthermore, having a rural clinical placement is perceived as beneficial by dental students, and might assist them with their decision about where to practice post-graduation. CONCLUSION: A rural clinical placement experience is perceived as beneficial by dental students, and might assist in decisions on post-graduation practice locations. At this stage, based on student perceptions, the rural-based schools are not more likely than the city-based schools to provide a dental workforce for rural locations.
Association between home environment and preschool children’s sedentary time moderated by parental educational level in a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lehto Elviira , Lehto Reetta , Ray Carola , Pajulahti Riikka , Sajaniemi Nina , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Roos Eva
Published: February 2020

Background Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, especially in low socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Sedentary time (SED) is one important predictors of obesity. To be able to diminish SED it is important to find modifiable predictors of sedentary behavior. The home environment associated with children’s SED may vary by parental SES. This study aims to clarify the association between parental educational level (PEL) and the home environment of 3–6-year-old children, and to examine how home environment associates with children’s SED, and whether PEL modifies these associations. Methods A cross-sectional Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study was conducted in 2015–2016 in Finland. The parents (n=809) filled in questionnaires assessing PEL, and the home physical and social environment related to children’s SED. Children’s SED was measured with accelerometers, which the children (n=758) wore for one week. Results High PEL was associated with a home environment restraining sedentary behaviour compared with low PEL. Several sedentary behavior home environment factors, such as social norms, role models and rules concerning screen time were associated with children’s SED. Some of the associations with sedentary home environment factors and SED were moderated by PEL. Limits for child´s TV time was associated with children´s SED only among high PEL group and being pleased with own child’s ST was negatively associated with children’s SED only among the low PEL group. Conclusions Future interventions aiming to decrease SED should pay attention to relevant factors in children’s sedentary behviour home environment. It is important to acknowledge the possible PEL differences in these factors.
Exploring evolution characteristic between cultivated tea and its wild relatives using complete chloroplast genomes
Authors: Peng Jiao , Zhao Yunlin , Dong Meng , Liu Shiquan , Hu Zhiyuan , Zhong Xiaofen , Xu Zhenggang
Published: February 2020

Background: The cultivated tea is one of the most important economic and ecological crops worldwide. The cultivated tea and wild tea suffered from long-term targeted selection of traits and overexploitation of habitats by human beings, which may change the genetic structure. Chloroplast is an organelle with a conserved cyclic structure, and can help us better understand the evolutionary relationship of Camellia plants.Results: The study conducted comparative analysis and evolution analysis between cultivated tea and wild tea, and detected the evolution characteristic in cultivated tea. Chloroplast genome sizes of cultivated tea were slightly different, ranged from 157,025 bp to 157,085 bp. These cultivated species were more conservative than wild species, in terms of the genome length, genes number, genes arrangement and GC contents. However, the IRs length of cultivated species was about 20 bp shorter than that of C. sinensis var. sisnensis. We also found that the nucleotide diversity of 14 sequences in cultivated tea was higher than that of wild tea. These results prove the evidence on the variation of chloroplast genomes of cultivated tea. Detail analysis on the chloroplast genome variation and evolution of cultivated tea showed that 67 SNPs and 46 indels were found and 16 protein coding genes had nucleotide substitutions. The most comment variation gene was ycf1. It has the largest number of nucleotide substitution. At the same time, in ycf1, five amino acid sites were exhibiting site-specific selection, and a 9 bp sequence insertion was found in the C. sinensis cultivar. Anhua. The phylogenetic tree constructed by ycf1 sequence shows that two cultivated tea are not completely clustered, and the evolutionary relationship between C. sinensis var. sisnensis and C. sinensis cultivar. Longjing is closer than that of C. sinensis cultivar. Anhua.Conclusions: The cultivated species are more conservative than wild species in in terms of architecture and linear sequence order. The variation of chloroplast genome of cultivated tea is mainly manifested in the nucleotide polymorphism of some sequences. The ycf1 gene plays an important role in the adaptive evolution of cultivated tea. These results provide evidence regarding the influence of human activities on tea.
Aid for Trade flows and Recipient-Countries' Integration into the World Market for Services Exports: Do Merchandises Exports and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows matter?
Authors: GNANGNON SENA KIMM , Ramírez Susana Del Mar
Published: February 2020

An important literature on the recipient-countries' export performance effect of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows has focused on the goods side. The few existing studies on the services exports effects of AfT interventions have reached mixed results, reflecting a positive or weak effect. The present study aims to complement these few studies by examining the effect of AfT flows on recipient-countries' share of services exports in the world services exports ('services export integration'), including through two main channels: their share of countries' merchandises exports in the world merchandises exports ('merchandises export integration') and the size of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The empirical analysis, based on a sample of 105 countries over the period 2002-2016, has shown that these two channels definitely matter for the effect of AfT flows on countries' services export integration. Specifically, by fostering countries' merchandises export integration, AfT flows can promote their services export integration. Furthermore, promoting FDI inflows enhances the positive effect of AfT flows on countries' services export integration.
Non-specific effects of rabies vaccine on the incidence of common infectious disease episodes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Knobel Darryn , Odita Christianah Ibironke , Conan Anne , Barry Donna , Smith-Antony Marshalette , Battice Juliet , England Shianne , Gessner Bradford D
Published: February 2020

Background: Vaccines may cause non-specific effects (NSEs) on morbidity and mortality through immune-mediated mechanisms that are not explained by the prevention of the targeted disease. Much of the evidence for NSEs comes from observational studies with a high risk of bias, and there is a clear need for new data from randomised controlled trials. Recently, it was proposed that rabies vaccine has protective NSEs in people and in animals. The aim of the proposed study is to determine if rabies vaccine reduces the incidence rate of episodes of common infectious disease syndromes in a population of veterinary students on the island of St. Kitts.Methods: The trial design is a single-site, two-arm, parallel-group, participant-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-sided comparative study, with an internal pilot study for blinded sample size re-estimation. Allocation to study arm is by block randomization stratified by sex within cohort with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary study endpoint is the number of new weekly episodes of common infectious diseases including respiratory, diarrheal, and febrile illnesses. A vaccine efficacy ancillary study is planned.Discussion: Demonstration of a non-specific protective effect of rabies vaccine against unrelated respiratory, gastrointestinal and febrile illnesses would provide supportive evidence for the design of similar studies in children in populations with a high burden of these illnesses.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03656198. Registered 24 August 2018.
Over IFI16 expression increased inflammation in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Glomerulonephritis by Regulating Caspase-1 and IL-1 ß
Authors: zeng zhaoqing , li yuyang , yu jinhong , liu jing , chen shijun , li qiang , du wenjun
Published: February 2020

Aims & background: IFI16 plays an important role in innate immunity against invasive microbial infection by sensing double-stranded DNA viruses due to caspase-1-dependent inflammasome activation and subsequent maturation and secretion of IL-1β. However, the role of IFI16 in regulating the immune response to viruses in vivo and in vitro, especially in sensing hepatitis B virus (HBV), has not been examined. We hypothesized that the expression of IFI16 increases corresponding to HBV-mediated inflammation in patients with hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN), a condition which activates inflammatory mechanisms and causes renal damage. To test this hypothesis, we therefore analyzed the expression of IFI16 and inflammatory factors in HBV-GN tissues and cell lines relative to the inflammatory response to HBV infection. Methods: A total 75 patients with chronic nephritis(CN) including 50 with HBV-GN and 25 with chronic glomerulonephritis (CCN) involved in this study. Each CN patient received renal biopsy, and immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect the expression of IFI16 and inflammatory factors Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the biopsy specimens. Following IFI16 was transfected in HBV-infected and HBV-uninfected human glomerular mesangial (HGM) cell line and HEK-293T cell line, expression of Caspase-1 and IL-1β were detected by Western blot and qRT- PCR. Results: IFI16 expression in HBV-GN biopsies (80.0%) was significantly higher than in CGN (24.0%) and positively correlated with caspase-1 and IL-1𝛽 expression in HBV-GN. In vitro, over expression IFI16 increased caspase-1 and IL-1𝛽 expression in HBV -infected HGM and HEK-293T. Conclusions: The elevation of IFI16 during HBV infection or replication may contribute to renal damage due to inflammation, thus providing a putative therapeutic target and a new avenue for researching the pathogenesis of HBV-GN.
Fine Needle Biopsy of Malignant Tumors of the Liver: a Retrospective Study of 624 Cases from a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Zhang Lin , Cai Zhenjian , Rodriguez Joe , Zhang Songlin , Thomas Jaiyeola , Zhu Hui
Published: February 2020

Background: Liver is one of the most common organs involved by metastatic neoplasms. In addition, a number of primary tumors can arise in the liver. Fine needle biopsy (FNB) is the most commonly used method for diagnosis of liver masses. Not much literature is available during the past ten years about FNB of liver tumors. All large studies were performed more than fifteen years ago. With the introduction of new disease entities, new tumor classification systems, and new diagnostic methods, updated documentation of FNB of liver neoplasms is much needed. Methods: Liver FNB cases that were diagnosed as “Positive for Malignancy” between 2010 and 2018 were retrieved from the cytopathology database in our institution. Patient medical records, cytopathology and surgical pathology reports, and slides from selected cases were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Over 30 different types of malignant tumors were identified in 624 malignant FNB cases, with the most common tumors being metastatic colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Rare tumors include EBV-positive leiomyosarcoma, mesothelioma, and paraganglioma, among others. A subset of patients presented with widespread metastases involving liver with no known history. Identify the primary sites in those cases can be challenging. We also found that in our practice, a significant numbers of hepatocellular carcinoma were diagnosed by FNB in recent years. Conclusions: A tremendous variety of neoplasms can occur in liver. Accurate diagnosis is essential for proper patient management. Familiarization with morphological features and judicious usage of ancillary studies are essential for accurate diagnosis.
Clinical Outcome and Histopathologic Evaluations of Porous Tantalum Implant for the Treatment of Early-Stage Osteonecrosis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Jian-Ning , Zhang Ye , Hua Zi-Jian , Feng Shuo , Chen Xiang-yang
Published: February 2020

Background To evaluate the survival rate of porous tantalum rod implantation in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, to evaluate its clinical effect and imaging results, and to analyze the reasons for its failure to return to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods From January 2008 to December 2013, tantalum rod implantation for avascular necrosis of the femoral head was performed in two institutions. Statistical analysis of operation data, including operation time, blood loss and blood transfusion. Harris hip score and imaging results were evaluated. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed with THA as the end point. Histopathological observations were performed on femoral head specimens with the tantalum rods that failed THA after tantalum rod implantation. Results 42 patients (52 hips) were followed up completely, the average follow-up time was 74.3 months (60-120 months). 24 hips turned to THA at the end of follow-up (46.2%), the average time was (44 ± 32) months, and the average Harris score before THA was (57 ± 10). The follow-up time of 28 patients without THA was 78.6 ± 13.8 months, and the average Harris score was 80.6 ± 2.8. Histopathological examination revealed the implant surface is in contact with sparse Island bone. There is limited bone tissue extending inward from the implant. In the living bone area, there was “on-growth” of new bone but no “in-growth”. In the necrotic area, there was no obvious new bone regeneration. Conclusion The mid-and-long term clinical effect of tantalum rod implantation in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is not good, and the osteogenic activity of tantalum rod in the femoral head is limited. ARCO stage, age and bone marrow edema were risk factors for the failure of tantalum rod implantation to THA.
The Effectiveness Of Mirror Therapy And Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation For The Improvement Of The Arm Motoric Function Of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Bintang Andi Kurnia , Halim Ferdy , Umbas Juliet Christy Gunawan
Published: February 2020

Background Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke can cause long-term disability that requires therapy. Motor repair after stroke is associated with plasticity, including the development of new neuronal interconnections, obtaining new functions, and compensation for existing damage. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Another way that is proven to also improve upper arm motor function is mirror therapy which is proven to improve post motorized motor function. Method The research design used in this study was an experimental method with a randomized pretest-posttest-control group design at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the network. Results Based on the results of the study found that the difference in ARAT score 1-2. The difference in ARAT scores was higher in the group receiving standard therapy with mirror therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (21.70 ± 7.81) compared to the group receiving standard therapy alone (2.80 ± 1.20). Using the unpaired T test, a significant difference p <0.005 (p <0.00004) was obtained. Conclusion There was a significant difference between samples that received mirror therapy and rTMS compared to patients who only received standard therapy.
Oleic Acid Reduces Brain Injury by Oxidative Stress Induced by Some Anticancer Drugs in Rat Brain
Authors: Guzmán David Calderón , Brizuela Norma Osnaya , Herrera Maribel Ortíz , Olguin Hugo Juarez , Jimenez Francisca Trujillo , Peraza Armando Valenzuela , Mejía Gerardo Barragán
Published: February 2020

Background: Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated compound with many health-benefitting properties such as obesity prevention, increased insulin sensitivity, antihypertensive and immune-boosting properties, etc. Within the untold benefits of this fatty acid is the novelty of anticancer property. OA can interact with cancer cell proteins and increase cancer cell proliferation-inhibiting factors; thus, turning down their potentials to spread to other tissues. Purpose: The proposal in the present work was to carry out a factual analysis on how oleic acid (OA) and some anticancer drugs offset nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress . Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were recruited and divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E; and made to take anticancer drugs in combination with OA in the following forms: Group A, (control) 0.9% of sodium chloride (NaCl); group B, oleic acid ( OA ) only ; group C, cyclophosphamide (CPP) + OA; group D, daunorrubicine (DRB) + OA; and group E , dexrazoxane (DXN) + OA. Every treatment was by intraperitoneal route and the administration was every 24 h for 5 days. The measurement of lipid peroxidation products, reactive oxygen species, sodium-potassium pump, antioxidants and amines were performed from brain extracts of the animals using TBARS, H 2 O 2 , Na+, K+ ATPase activity, GSH and dopamine (DA) respectively. Glucose hemoglobin and triglycerides were measured in blood. Results: In cortex, GSH increased in all groups, except in group B . Group C showed the highest increase of this biomarker. TBARS decrease and dopamine increase in all regions of groups C, D and E. H 2 O 2 increased only in cerebellum/medulla oblongata of group D and E. ATPase expression decreased in striatum of group C. Glucose increased in group E and hemoglobin increased in groups C and D. Conclusions: The boost in the amine (DA) and the antioxidant (GSH) generated by OA administration depicts that brain damage due to anticancer drugs could be ameliorated when jointly given with OA.
Wildlife and Ecotourism Contributions for Sustainable Natural Resource Management In and Around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ertiban Sefi Mekonen , Maru Belay
Published: February 2020

Ecotourism resources were assessed in and around Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) to examine the potentials of ecotourism or alternative options for sustainable use of natural resources which will improve the livelihood of local communities and conservation of park. Survey questionnaires, interview, field observation and literature reviews were employed to collect primary and secondary data. The analyses of the study revealed that natural and cultural resources such as abundance and diversity of mammals and birds, scenic landscape, cultural and historical attractions and some hotels or lodges at nearby areas are the main ecotourism potential in BMNP. The study also revealed some income generating alternatives or ecotourism potentials which could help to reduce the present degradations of natural resources of the park. About 37.2% of sampled households expressed their interests for diversified livelihood or ecotourism activities. Offering tourist facilities and services and creating job opportunities for members of local communities are the positive impacts of the tourism activities whereas, cutting trees, occurrences of seasonality and leakages are the negative impacts. Reinforcing existing off-agricultural livelihoods, introducing additional alternative options or ecotourism are important strategic directions for sustainable management of natural resources for BMNP and related protected areas.
Explaining the variation in the attained power of a stepped-wedge trial with unequal cluster sizes
Authors: Ouyang Yongdong , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Gustafson Paul , Field Thalia S. , Wong Hubert
Published: February 2020

Background In a cross-sectional stepped-wedge trial with unequal cluster sizes, attained power in the trial depends on the realized allocation of the clusters. This attained power may differ from the expected power calculated using standard formulae by averaging the attained power over all allocations the randomization algorithm can generate. We investigated the effect of design factors and allocation characteristics on attained power and developed models to predict attained power based on allocation characteristics. Method Based on data simulated and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, we evaluated the distribution of attained powers under different scenarios with varying intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the responses, coefficient of variation (CV) of the cluster sizes, number of cluster-size groups, distributions of group sizes, and number of clusters. We explored the relationship between attained power and two allocation characteristics: the individual-level correlation between treatment status and time period, and the absolute treatment group imbalance. When computational time was excessive due to a scenario having a large number of possible allocations, we developed regression models to predict attained power using the treatment-vs-time period correlation and absolute treatment group imbalance as predictors. Results The risk of attained power falling more than 5% below the expected or nominal power decreased as the ICC or number of clusters increased and as the CV decreased. Attained power was strongly affected by the treatment-vs-time period correlation. The absolute treatment group imbalance had much less impact on attained power. The attained power for any allocation was predicted accurately using a regression model that included linear and quadratic terms for the treatment-vs-time period correlation and a linear term for the absolute treatment group imbalance.Conclusion In a stepped-wedge trial with unequal cluster sizes, the risk that randomization yields an allocation with inadequate attained power is a function of the ICC, the CV of the cluster sizes, and number of clusters. To reduce the computational burden of simulating attained power for allocations, the attained power can be predicted via regression modeling. Trial designers can reduce the risk of low attained power by restricting the randomization algorithm to avoid allocations with large treatment-vs-time period correlations.
Virulence factors and molecular characteristics of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Cao Mingze , Wang Weiwei , Liu Guanhui , Zhou Xuzheng , Li Bing , Shi Yuxiang , Zhang Jiyu
Published: February 2020

Background: The natural hosts of Shigella are conventionally humans and other primates; however, the host range of Shigella has been shown to expand to many animals. Although Shigella is becoming a huge threat to animals, there is limited information on the genetic background of local strains. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of virulence factors and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea.Methods: From 2014 to 2016, 54 S. flexneri isolates were collected from diarrhea, and their biochemical characteristics were determined according to API20E and virulence factors via PCR. The molecular characteristics of the isolates were studied by MLST, MLVA and PFGE.Results: Fifty-four S. flexneri isolates possessed four typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella. The prevalences of ipaH, virA, ipaBCD, ial, sen, set1A, and set1B were 100%, 100%, 77.78%, 79.63%, 48.15% and 48.15%, respectively. None of the studied strains possessed the stx gene. Regarding the differences in virulence factor distributions, the 54 S. flexneri isolates fell into seven gene profile types. Among these VTs, VT4 and VT6 were the most common, accounting for 74.07% of all VTs. MLVA based on 8 VNTR loci discriminated the isolates into 39 different MTs, PFGE based on NotI digestion divided the 54 isolates into 31 PTs, and MLST based on 15 housekeeping genes differentiated the isolates into 7 STs, with 1 ST (ST227) being novel.Conclusion: Our findings provide baseline information on the distribution of virulence genes in and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri collected from diarrheal calves, which is a potential threat to public safety. These data will be important for addressing clinical and epidemiological issues regarding Shigellosis.
Comparison between American Institute of Medicine Guidelines and Local Recommendation for Gestational Weight Gain in Taiwanese Primiparous Women
Authors: Waits Alexander , Guo Chao-Yu , Chien Li-Yin
Published: February 2020

Background : American Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends different ranges of gestational weight gain (GWG) based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). In Taiwan, IOM guidelines are implemented concurrently with the local recommendation for GWG (10–14 kg). This study compared between the two sets of guidelines in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.Methods : We analyzed 31653 primiparas with singletons from 2011-2016 annual National Breastfeeding Surveys. Logistic regressions for preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean section and excessive postpartum weight retention (PWR) were fitted separately for GWG categorized according to IOM and Taiwan ranges. Areas under the receiver-operator curves (AUC) and the predicted probabilities for each outcome were compared in each BMI group.Results : AUC for both guidelines ranged within 0.51 – 0.73. Compared to Taiwan recommendation, IOM ranges showed lower probabilities of SGA for underweight (0.11–0.15 versus 0.14–0.18), of LGA for obese (0.12–0.15 versus 0.15–0.18), of excessive PWR for overweight (0.19–0.30 versus 0.27–0.39), and obese (0.15–0.22 versus 0.25-0.36); and higher probabilities of excessive PWR for underweight (0.17-0.33 versus 0.14-0.22).Conclusions : Discriminative performance of IOM and Taiwan recommendations was poor for the five adverse birth outcomes, and no preference for either set of recommendations could be inferred from our results. In the absence of specific GWG guidelines, health care workers may provide inconsistent information to their patients. Future research is needed to explore optimal GWG ranges that can reliably predict locally relevant perinatal outcomes for mother and child.
Online Impulse Buying Behaviour: Case Study On Users Of Tokopedia
Authors: Fataron Zuhdan Ady
Published: February 2020

This article aims to find out the phenomenon of impulsive buying which is influenced by the ease of use and usefulness of information technology that mediates the pleasure of shopping, in this case the writer chooses tokopedia as the object of the research. Unplanned buying behavior is an interesting phenomenon to examine because it is potential for developing market share. The sample determination method used was 149 respondents. The population in this study is Tokopedia online shop users. Data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis, which is to obtain a picture of the respondent's tendency to answer, and inferential analysis to test the model developed, while the analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result shows that the ease of use and usefulness of technology has a positive effect in supporting shopping pleasure, while shopping pleasure can explain the factors that influence impulsive purchases.
Estimating extremely large amounts of missing precipitation data
Authors: Aguilera Héctor , Guardiola-Albert Carolina , Serrano-Hidalgo Carmen
Published: February 2020

Accurate estimation of missing daily precipitation data remains a difficult task. A wide variety of methods exists for infilling missing values, but the percentage of gaps is one of the main factors limiting their applicability. The present study compares three techniques for filling in large amounts of missing daily precipitation data: spatio-temporal kriging (STK), multiple imputation by chained equations through predictive mean matching (PMM), and the random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that extreme missingness (>90%) has been considered. Different percentages of missing data and missing patterns are tested in a large dataset drawn from 112 rain gauges in the period 1975–2017. The results show that both STK and RF can handle extreme missingness, while PMM requires larger observed sample sizes. STK is the most robust method, suitable for chronological missing patterns. RF is efficient under random missing patterns. Model evaluation is usually based on performance and error measures. However, this study outlines the risk of just relying on these measures without checking for consistency. The RF algorithm overestimated daily precipitation outside the validation period in some cases due to the overdetection of rainy days under time-dependent missing patterns.
Immunological Disturbances and Neuroimaging Findings in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Comorbid Patients
Authors: Kakanakova Andriana , Popov Stefan , Maes Michael
Published: February 2020

:

Mood disorders and Major Depressive Disorder, in particular, appear to be some of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity most frequently of anxiety or substance abuse disorders (alcohol use disorder). In both cases – MDD and AUD, a number of immunological disturbances are observed, such as chronic mild inflammation response, increased level of cytokines, hypercortisolaemia, which lead to specific changes in brain neurotransmitter functions.

:

Some of the contemporary brain imaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic spectroscopy which are most commonly used to assess the brain metabolism and functional connectivity changes such as altered responses to emotional stimuli in MDD or overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions in AUD and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems, low NAA and myo-Inositol in both MDD and AUD.
Synthesis, Docking, in silico ADMET and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some N-acetyl Pyrazole and Quinoline Conjugates
Authors: Peerzade Nargisbano Ayyub , Jadhav Shravan Yegu , Bhosale Raghunath Bhikaji , Kulkarni Amol Anantrao , Varpe Bhushan Dnyandeo
Published: February 2020

Background:

Pyrazolines are reported having anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antidiabetic activities in the literature. Drugs like celecoxib, antipyrine, etc. are structurally similar to the designed compounds.

Objectives:

To synthesize and characterize N-acetyl pyrazole and quinoline conjugates and test them for Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antiamylase and Antimalarial activities.

Methods:

A series of methoxy substituted quinoline based pyrazoline derivatives (2a-2j) were synthesized in good to excellent yield from corresponding quinoline chalcones (1a-1j). The synthesized compounds were characterized and screened for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiamylase, antibacterial and antimalarial activities. Docking and in silico ADMET studies were performed with PDB: 3LN1.

Results:

Compounds 2b, 2i and 2j showed significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard sodium diclofenac. All compounds (2a-2j) showed excellent antioxidant activity for DPPH even more than standard ascorbic acid. Compounds 2e, 2f, 2h and 2i showed excellent antioxidant activity for NO. as compared to standard ascorbic acid. Compound 2f showed significant antioxidant activity for SOR. Almost all the compounds showed significant antibacterial as well as anti-amylase activity with few exceptions, whereas compounds 2f, 2h and 2j showed potent antimalarial activity.

Conclusion:

Compounds have shown good anti-inflammatory activities as compared with diclofenac. All the synthesized pyrazoline derivatives showed excellent anti-amylase activity as compared to standard acarbose. Also, compounds have shown good antioxidant antibacterial and antimalarial activities.
Teeth: Small but Mighty and Mighty Important. A Comprehensive Review of Children’s Dental Health for Primary Care Clinicians
Authors: Lewis Charlotte W.
Published: February 2020

Healthy teeth allow us to eat and stay well-nourished. Although primary care clinicians
receive limited training about teeth, given the common nature of dental problems, it is important
that they understand and recognize normal and abnormal dental conditions and can implement primary
and secondary prevention of dental conditions in their practice. PubMed has been used to
search the scientific literature for evidence on the following topics: normal dental development,
dental abnormalities, malocclusion, teething, dental caries and related epidemiology and prevention,
fluoride, dental injury and its management and prevention; and identification, prevention and
treatment of gingivitis and periodontal disease. Literature review relied on randomized controlled
trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and Cochrane reviews when relevant and available. Other
sources of evidence included cohort and case-control studies. Consensus statements and expert
opinion were used when there was a paucity of high-quality research studies. The literature has
been synthesized on these topics to make them relevant to pediatric primary care clinicians, and as
available, the strength of evidence has been characterized when making clinical recommendations.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Andrographolide, 14-Deoxy-11,12- didehydroandrographolide and Neoandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata: An Optimisation Study
Authors: Chia Vi V. , Pang Sook F. , Abdullah Sureena , Yusoff Mashitah M. , Gimbun Jolius
Published: February 2020

Background:

Andrographis paniculata is often used as functional foods owing to its
broad range of pharmaceutical activities due to the presence of main terpene compounds such as andrographolide,
14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and neoandrographolide. The aforementioned
compounds must be extracted from the plant material before it can be routinely used as a functional
food ingredient.

Objective:

This work presents an optimisation study of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of terpene
from Andrographis paniculata. In this study, two factors at three-level central composite face
centred design was employed to optimise the process variables, including the effect of microwave
power (75-175 W) and ethanol concentration (20-85%) on extraction of terpene from Andrographis
paniculata.

Methods:

The experimental design was set based on initial screening on the effect of mesh size and
solid solvent ratio. The present work was performed at fixed mesh size and solid solvent ratio, which
corresponds to the highest yield established experimentally. Two most significant factors, i.e. microwave
power and ethanol concentration was chosen and further studied for optimisation using a response
surface methodology. The three-level, two-factor central composite design (CCD) has been
employed to determine the effect of microwave power (15, 25 and 35 W/mL) and ethanol concentration
(20, 52.5 and 85%) on the yield of terpene extraction. Identification and quantification of the
terpene were performed via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography- Photodiode Array (UPLCPDA).

Results:

The regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the quadratic equation
with coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.997. The optimum condition was found at microwave
power of 140 W with 85% ethanol concentration, produced the highest yield of andrographolide
(10.926 ± 0.053 mg/g DW), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (4.336 ± 0.215 mg/g DW) and
neoandrographolide (5.698 ± 0.252 mg/g DW). The model developed through response surface modelling
has a desirability of 97.5% and the error between the experiment and the model predictions
ranged from 2.4 to 5.2%.

Conclusion:

A successful optimisation of terpene extraction from A. paniculata via MAE was
achieved at microwave power of 140 W and 85% ethanol. The model developed from the regression
analysis is sufficiently accurate and can be used to predict the yield of terpene extraction from A. paniculata.
A State-of-the-art Bibliometric Analysis for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Patil Amit Kumar , Soni Gunjan
Published: February 2020

Objective:

This paper represents a bibliometric analysis of additive manufacturing throughout
the history. In this paper, major statistical insights regarding the publications associated with additive
manufacturing are presented. These insights are categorized on the basis of authors, publication
source titles, country, document types, research areas, etc.

Results:

This study differentiates crucial research fields, critical journals, and significant authors that
have contributed to the field of additive manufacturing and 3D printing.

Conclusion:

This overview can guide researchers in exploring literature related to additive manufacturing
and 3D printing in a meaningful direction. Moreover, some future aspects regarding additive
manufacturing are also discussed in the conclusion.
La tutela contra providencia judicial. Análisis estático de la sentencia t-125 de 2012
Authors: Moreno Mosquera Víctor Julián , Restrepo Tamayo John Fernando
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo ofrece una solución propia de la hermenéutica constitucional al conflicto derivado de la negación de un derecho pensional. Desde la perspectiva de la jurisdicción ordinaria, que entiende los servicios pensionales como un negocio jurídico privado, el derecho pensional es desconocido. Esto significa una afectación a derechos fundamentales básicos como el Debido proceso y el Acceso a la administración de justicia. El artículo analiza la evolución de la doctrina utilizada por la autoridad jurisdiccional colombiana, y como la acción de tutela reinterpreta el control de monitoreo, a través del robustecimiento del sistema de precedentes constitucionales. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de caso basado en la Sentencia T-125 de 2012. Finalmente, se concluye que la tutela contra decisiones judiciales en Colombia es un mecanismo eficaz contra las sentencias sustentadas en criterios rígidos, propios del positivismo legalista.
Self-Determination in Light of the International Court of Justice’s Opinion in the Chagos Case
Authors: Naldi Gino J
Published: February 2020

In its Advisory Opinion in Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965, delivered in 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) was of the view that the decolonisation of Mauritius by the United Kingdom had not been lawfully completed when it achieved independence in 1968. This was due to the separation of the Chagos Archipelago in 1965. After dismissing various challenges to the exercise of its advisory jurisdiction, including the argument that the issue at stake was a territorial dispute between the States and that its jurisdiction was, therefore, being misused to circumvent the UnitedKingdom’s lack of consent to contentious proceedings, the ICJ felt it necessary to explore the nature, scope and content of the right to self-determination and whether it had been validly exercised in this instance. The ICJ found that self-determination had become established as a legal right in the context of decolonisation by the time Mauritius was in the process of securing its independence in the 1960s and that a corollary of the right was that of the territorial integrity of a non-self governing territory, which had not been respected in the case of Mauritius. Accordingly, the United Kingdom’s continued administration of the Chagos Archipelago constituted an ongoing internationally wrongful act, entailing international responsibility, which the United Kingdom was under an obligation to put an end to as soon as possible. While it was for the United Nations (UN) General Assembly to determine how the decolonisation of Mauritius was to be realised, in view of the fact that the right to self- determination has an erga omnes character, the ICJ called on all States to co-operate with the UN to that end.
Tujuan pendidikan nasional dalam perspektif Pancasila
Authors: Rukiyati Rukiyati
Published: February 2020

The educational objectives contained in Act Number 20 of 2003 concerning theNational Education System in Indonesia is to develop multidimensional and holistichuman nature. The relationship between the components of the goal as an integral wholeand there is a hierarchy of values in the achievement of goals. The natural aspects ofhumanity are seen as a potential that needs to be developed so that humans reach personalqualities as human beings who have noble character, both when dealing with the Creatorin terms of faith and piety (believe in one God) and when dealing with fellow creatures inworld life (humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice). The purpose of education isactually the values of Pancasila in another formulation because, in fact, the foundation ofIndonesia's national education philosophy is Pancasila.
Front
Authors: Achmad Widodo Syukri Fathudin
Published: February 2020

Halaman awal hingga daftar isi
Pendidikan Karakter untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Suyanto Slamet
Published: February 2020

Menumbuhkembangkan nilai-nilai universal dan mengembangkan karakter bangsa sebaiknya dimulai sejak usia dini. Anak usia dini dalam perkembangan yang paling cepat dalam berbagai aspek termasuk aspek agama, moral, sosial, intelektual, dan emosi. Perlakuan pendidikan yang diberikan pada usia dini diyakini akan terpateri kuat di dalam hati dan pikiran anak yang jernih. Jika anak didik dengan baik, diberi contoh yang baik, dan dibiasakan hidup dengan nilai dan karakter yang baik, maka mereka cenderung menjadi orang yang baik yang berhati emas, berpikiran positif, dan berbudi mulia. Persoalannya adalah bagaimana mengembangkan karakter yang baik pada anak usia dini? Apa saja tema dan kegiatan yang yang relevan untuk mengembangkan karakter pada anak usia dini?  Bagaimana melakukan asesmen perkembangan karakter pada anak usia dini? Makalah ini menjawab berbagai persoalan tersebut.   Kata kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, PAUD
Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran RKCK (Rasa Karsa Cipta Karya)
Authors: Rachmawati Yeni
Published: February 2020

Saat ini, globalisasi adalah sebuah keniscayaan dalam hidup kita. Semua orang di dunia, termasuk bangsa Indonesia membutuhkan strategi terbaik agar mampu bersaing dengan era globalisasi. Pendidikan sebagai salah satu unsur dalam kehidupan manusia telah menjadi posisi kunci untuk mengantisipasi gelombang globalisasi. Ide-ide dan konsep pendidikan yang baru diperlukan untuk memperkuat identitas bangsa, melestarikan kearifan lokal, mampu  menjawab tantangan modern dan memiliki dasar yang baik untuk membangun karakter. Salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang berbasis pada kearifan lokal dari "RKCK (Rasa-Karsa-Cipta-Karya).Model ini dianggap sebagai salah satu solusi untuk menjawab permasalahan. Beberapa keunggulan dari model pembelajaran berbasis Model RKCK adalah bahwa model ini lahir dari filsafat Indonesia. Dengan demikian, Model Pembelajaran RKCK memiliki kekuatan untuk melahirkan kembali nilai-nilai semangat Indonesia. Konsep model RKCK sebenarnya bukanlah ide baru, tetapi telah ada sejak lama. Penelitian lebih lanjut diharapkan dapat membangun kembali filosofi model pembelajaran dan dapat mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan nyata. Model RKCK bersifat holistik dan sistem implementasinya terintegrasi, sehingga tidak hanya aspek kecerdasan saja tetapi juga aspek sosial emosional dan kecerdasan spritual yang dapat meningkatkan ketajaman pikiran peserta didik.   Kata kunci: Membangun Karakter, Berbasis pada Kearifan Lokal, Kearifan Lokal, Menyeluruh, Terpadu
Permainan Kreatif Untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Nugraha Bayu
Published: February 2020

Permainan kreatif mengembangkan berbagai aspek perkembangan pada diri anak. Perkembangan yang berkembang selain fisik motorik adalah perkembangan kognitif, bahasa, sosial dan emosional. Permainan kreatif diawali dari permainan tradisional yang sering dilakukan anak di lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini. Permainan tradisional yang hanya mengembangkan motorik kemudian dimodifikasi dengan berbagai variasi kreatif sehingga dapat mengembangkan semua aspek pada perkembangan anak. Beberapa contoh permainan tradisional yang dijadikan permainan kreatif yaitu permainan lempar tangkap bola, permainan kucing dan tikus, dan permainan ukulele. Kata kunci: permainan kreatif, anak usia dini