bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SWOT Analysis of Oncology Clinical Trials in Africa: A Town Hall Report From the Global Congress on Oncology Clinical Trials in Blacks
Authors: Ezeani Adaora , Odedina Folakemi , Rivers Desiree , Fatiregun Omolara , Akinremi Titilope
Published: December 2019

Cancer is rapidly becoming a public health crisis as a result of the continued growth and ageing of the global population and will greatly affect resource-limited low- to middle-income countries. It is widely acknowledged that research should be conducted within countries that will bear the greatest burden of disease, and Africa has the unparalleled opportunity to lead the way in developing clinical trials to improve the health of its countries. In 2018, the inaugural Global Congress on Oncology Clinical Trials in Blacks was organized to address the global challenges of clinical trials for oncology among black populations. During this event, researchers, scientists, and advocates participated in a town hall meeting where they explored the status of oncology clinical trials in Africa using the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) approach. Participants discussed noteworthy successes, significant barriers, and opportunities to address gaps in developing a sustainable clinical research framework. Many comments centered on the lack of funding and inadequate infrastructure affecting most African countries. Others noted important successes, such as thriving collaborations among institutions and improved political commitment in support of clinical research. The main objectives of the town hall session were to share knowledge on and discuss advantages and disadvantages of conducting clinical research in Africa. These discussions are invaluable in developing interventions and policies that improve clinical research capabilities in Africa.
Genomic Profiling for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, Microsatellite Instability, and Mismatch Repair Deficiency Among Patients With Metastatic Colon Cancer
Authors: Gutierrez Martin E. , Price Kristin S. , Lanman Richard B. , Nagy Rebecca J. , Shah Irfan , Mathura Shivam , Mulcahy Michael , Norden Andrew D. , Goldberg Stuart L.
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE

Genomic testing is recognized in national guidelines as essential to guide appropriate therapy selection in metastatic colorectal cancer. Previous studies report adherence to testing guidelines is suboptimal, but current testing rates have not been assessed. This study reports testing rates in metastatic colon cancer (mCC) for guideline-recommended biomarkers in a US-based population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective review of data extracted from electronic medical records was performed to identify patients with pathologically confirmed mCC and describe patterns of guideline-aligned biomarker testing. Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 1,497 patients treated at 23 practices across the United States. Both community and academic centers were represented.

RESULTS

A total of 1,497 patients with mCC diagnosed between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017 were identified. Guideline-aligned biomarker testing rates for RAS, BRAF, and microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency over this study period were 41%, 43%, and 51%, respectively. Patients were more likely to have guideline-aligned testing for RAS and BRAF if they were treated at an academic center, were diagnosed with de novo metastatic disease, and were female. In addition, patients < 65 years of age were more likely to have guideline-aligned RAS testing. Of the 177 patients (12% of cohort) who received anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapy, only 50 (28%) had complete guideline-aligned biomarker testing.

CONCLUSION

Despite guideline recommendations and significant therapeutic implications, overall biomarker testing rates in mCC remain suboptimal. Adherence to guideline-recommended biomarker testing would potentially reduce exposure to expensive and ineffective therapies, resulting in improved patient outcomes.
Epidemiology of viral hepatitis B and C in Punjab, Pakistan: a multicenter cross-sectional study, 2017-18
Authors: Khan Amjad , Afzal Saira , Yaqoob Aashifa , Fatima Razia , Ul Haq Mahboob , Junaid Khunsa , Nadir Abdul
Published: December 2019

Background: Globally, approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which are responsible for 96% of all hepatitis-related mortality. Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of HCV in the world.

Methods: We conducted this study to ascertain the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections in Punjab. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 24 Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Clinics of the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center clinics, Lahore. A total of 141,705 individuals who visited the clinics during 2017-18 were included for seroprevalence analysis of hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (Anti-HCV). In addition, 12,427 individuals from the main group underwent detailed face-to-face interviews based on a predesigned questionnaire for risk factor assessment.

Results: The overall prevalence for HBV and HCV was 8.4% and 42.7%, respectively. Of those with HCV infection, 4.2% had a co-infection. The transgender population had a higher seroprevalence of HBV (11.8%) and HCV (58.8%). Higher HBV seroprevalence was found in a younger age group (16-30 years), while the older age group (>61 years) had a higher HCV seroprevalence. Geographically, Muzaffargarh district had the highest HBV seroprevalence at 26%, followed by Rajanpur district (20.3%). HCV seroprevalence was significantly (P value <0.05) higher in Shujabad district (66.4%), followed by Muzaffargarh (65.2%). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, age, gender, intravenous injections, hijama therapy, dental procedure, circumcision by barbers, barber shaving, hospitalization and having had surgical procedures were all found to be significant risk factors (OR >1; p<0.05) for HBV and HCV.

Conclusions: There is an urgent need for proper implementation of preventive and control strategies, as well as formal evaluation and monitoring mechanisms. Sustainable and adequate funding of public-sector hepatitis programs is also an extremely important area that should not be neglected.
Scholarly Advising and the Scholarship of Advising
Authors: Troxel Wendy G.
Published: December 2019

Using the “advising is teaching” framework, this chapter addresses the bases for the study of academic advising both from an approach to the work involved (“scholarly advising”) and as an area of inquiry (“scholarship of advising”). Emerging research trends and critical issues are explored, including implications for collaborative inquiry related to student success.
EXPECTATIONS AND PERFORMANCE IN THE BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST CREDIT UNION
Authors: Almeida Filho Marísio Eugênio de , VeigaNeto Alípio Ramos , El-Aouar Walid Abbas , Mesquita Rafael Fernandes de , Silva Arthur William Pereira da
Published: December 2019

Credit cooperativism is characterized by providing access to financial services and intermediation of funds, taking risks and generating benefits. In more mature economies works as a booster of strategic economic sectors, including occupying spaces not filled by banking institutions, in response to the worldwide phenomenon of concentration in the industry. This study aims to evaluate the quality of services provided by a cooperative credit northeast from the expectations of its members. From multivariate techniques and univariate statistical analysis of data, the search resulted in the identification of negative gaps between expectation and performance on the dimensions of the quality of services provided by the cooperative from the proposed model SERVQUAL scale.
REGIME TERAPÊUTICO E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PACIENTES HIPERTENSOS
Authors: Almeida Paulo Henrique Ribeiro Fernandes , Leão Ingrid Novaes , De Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves , Fernandes Brígida Dias , Álvares Juliana , Silva Wânia Cristina , David Mauricio Monsalve , Lemos Gisele da Silveira , Mascarenhas Cláudio Henrique Meira
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Portadores de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS), podem ter sua qualidade de vida (QV) comprometida por fatores relacionados a sua condição clínica e ao manejo da mesma. Objetivo: Avaliar se o regime terapêutico é um fator associado à QV de portadores de HAS. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 235 usuários de 27 unidades do Programa de Saúde da Família da cidade de Jequié/BA, com amostra representativa da população. Utilizou-se um questionário com 4 blocos temáticos: sociodemográficos, clínicos, uso de medicamentos e, por fim, a QV foi aferida pelo Quality of Life-Bref Questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: Dos 235 hipertensos 74,9% eram do sexo feminino, 91% possuíam 50 anos ou mais, 81,7% tinham baixa escolaridade e 74% de etnia negra. Foi evidenciado que a maior mediana da QV ficou com domínio relações sociais (71,7) e a menor mediana do domínio meio ambiente (56,25). Os diuréticos e antagonistas do receptor da angiotensina II foram os mais prescritos, sendo a politerapia o regime terapêutico mais frequente (75,7%). Obteve-se resultados significativos no comprometimento da QV, com destaque para o domínio físico e o Índice Geral de Qualidade de vida (IGQV) com o uso de medicamentos em politerapia com os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Conclusão: O regime terapêutico mostrou-se importante para compreensão da QV em hipertensos, sendo que as variáveis levantadas mostraram maiores escores da QV em tratamentos com um menor número de fármacos.
USO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E FITOTERÁPICOS: SABERES E ATOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Goés Ana Cristina Costa , Silva Larissa Sonayra Leal da , Castro Nádile Juliane Costa de
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A atenção primária à saúde baseia-se em políticas de saúde que envolvem a cultura popular e desempenham papel importante para as tomadas de decisão dos itinerários terapêuticos, incluso neste patamar o uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever conhecimentos e dificuldades na implantação de práticas assistências pelo uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos por enfermeiros. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa por método qualitativo desenvolvida por meio da base do modelo de estudo de caso. Foi realizado em duas unidades de saúde da família do município de Benevides, no Estado do Pará. Participaram do estudo três enfermeiros, por meio de roteiros de entrevistas referentes aos pontos elencados pelo objeto de pesquisa, distribuídos em cinco perguntas. Os dados foram coletados no período de 01 de outubro de 2015 a 20 de outubro de 2015. Resultados: O estudo revelou que os profissionais enfermeiros desconhecem as políticas direcionadas as práticas integrativas e complementares. Conclusão: Evidentemente alguns fatos foram observados como a ausência da implantação da política no município, ausência de educação permanente e continuada e pertinência do reconhecimento de implementar a assistência de acordo com a realidade local.
ASPECTO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS NOTIFICAÇÕES DE MALÁRIA ENTRE 2012 A 2017 NO MUNICÍPIO RONDOLÂNDIA-MT
Authors: Faria Gleison , S da Luz Graciely dos Santo , Betin Thais Antunes
Published: December 2019

A malária é uma doença infecciosa febril aguda, causada por protozoários transmitidos pela fêmea infectada do mosquito Anopheles. A cura é possível se a doença for tratada em tempo oportuno e de forma adequada. Contudo, a malária pode evoluir para forma grave e para óbito. Objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar a incidência da malária no município de Rondolândia – MT no período de 2012 a 2017. Materiais e Método - tipo transversal, documental, descritivo e quantitativa, as informações foram obtidas a partir da análise de dados epidemiológicos fornecidos pela vigilância em saúde do município de Rondolândia – MT, que foram atendidos na unidade básica de saúde Hueverton Bruno da Silva Rabelo que foram tabuladas através de um questionário realizados pelos próprios pesquisadores contendo 4 perguntas básicas de acordo com a ficha de notificação compulsória do SIVEP-Malária. Resultados – Foram notificados 177 pacientes de acordo com o período informado (2012-2017), sendo 14% dos casos positivos e 86% negativo, 100% dos casos acometeram o sexo masculino, 56% informaram que a atividade exercida (ocupação) é a pecuária. Conclusão - A doença ocasionada pelo Plasmodium vivax foi a de maior incidência no município de Rondolândia-MT , e apresentou os sintomas clássicos como hipertermia, tremores e cefaleia. Essa incidência com o passar dos anos pode haver um aumento, se não tiver avanço em tratamento ou de prevalência contra o vetor , sendo assim, ocasionando maiores números de vítimas.
Elliptical-spiral elliptical-hole photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence, large nonlinearity, and two zero dispersion
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Shi Weiguang , Zhang Cheng , Shi Jia , Wu Jixuan , Li Hongqiang , Liu Yange , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a soft-glass (SF-57) elliptical-spiral photonic crystal fiber with elliptical air holes for achieving high birefringence, large nonlinearity, and tailoring two zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) in the near-infrared region. A full-vector finite-element method with perfectly matched boundary layer is used to characterize the properties of the photonic crystal fiber for different ellipticity ratios. The designed fiber has a birefringence 4 times higher than the circular-spiral structure. There are two ZDWs at around 1.2 µm and 2.8 µm which can be finely tuned depending on the ellipticity ratios along with a large nonlinearity. Due to the superior guiding properties, the proposed structure can be used for polarization control and broadband supercontinuum generation.
Instrument response function acquisition in reflectance geometry for time-resolved diffuse optical measurements
Authors: Pirovano Ileana , Re Rebecca , Candeo Alessia , Contini Davide , Torricelli Alessandro , Spinelli Lorenzo
Published: December 2019

In time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy, the simultaneous acquisition of the time-of-flight distribution (DTOF) of photons traveling in a diffusive medium and of the instrument response function (IRF) is necessary to perform quantitative measurements of optical properties (absorption and reduced scattering coefficients) while taking into account the non-idealities of a real system (e.g. temporal resolution and time delays). The IRF acquisition can be a non-trivial and time-consuming operation that requires directly facing the injection and collection fibers. Since this operation is not always possible, a new IRF measurement scheme is here proposed where the IRF is acquired in reflectance geometry from a corrugate reflective surface. Validation measurements on a set of reference homogenous phantoms have been performed, resulting in an error in the optical properties estimation lower than 10% with respect to the typical IRF configuration. Thus, the proposed method proved to be a reliable approach that after a preliminary calibration can be exploited in a laboratory and clinical set-ups, leading to faster and more accurate measurements and reducing the operator-dependent performance.
Non-reciprocity using quadrature-phase time-varying slab resonators
Authors: Chegnizadeh Mahdi , Memarian Mohammad , Mehrany Khashayar
Published: December 2019

In this paper, it is shown that non-reciprocity can be observed in time-varying media without employing spatiotemporal modulated permittivities. We show that by using only two one-dimensional Fabry–Perot slabs with time-periodic permittivities having quadrature-phase difference, it is possible to achieve considerable non-reciprocity in transmission at the incidence frequency. To analyze such a scenario, generalized transfer matrices are introduced to find the wave amplitudes of all harmonics in all space. The results are verified by in-house finite-difference time-domain simulations. Moreover, in order to have a simple model of such time-varying slab resonators, a time-perturbed coupled-mode theory is developed for multiple resonances, and it is shown that the results obtained by this method and the analytical method are in excellent agreement.
Temperature-switchable mode selector in superconducting photonic crystals based on the Thue–Morse sequence
Authors: Hu Caixing , Zhang Haifeng , Ma Yu
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a novel one-dimensional superconducting photonic crystal based on the quasi-periodic Thue–Morse (ThM) arrangement is theoretically investigated by the transfer matrix method, which can switch two transmission properties by controlling ambient temperature. Its transmission spectrum realizes omnidirectional photonic band gap (OBG) characteristics in low-temperature zones (about 10 K) and wide-angle broadband absorption characteristics in high-temperature zones (about 90 K) as the whole structure remains the same in the terahertz regime. The intrinsic reason for switchable functions can be ascribed to the superconducting negative permittivity that is dependent on both temperature and frequency under the superconducting state, which causes an OBG corresponding to the zero-averaged (volume) refractive index (zero-

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) and broadband absorption induced by high permittivity dissipation. From the numerical results, the OBG from the Bragg gap or absorption bandwidth can be notably tuned by manipulating the periodicity of the ThM sequence and dielectric or superconducting thicknesses. The effects of incident angle and polarization modes on the proposed structure are also considered. We report that the proposed structure has a preeminent zero-

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OBG ranging from 0.1 to 1.7 THz at 10 K and stable broadband absorption for a wide angle (at most 70 deg) in TM mode at 90 K, which provides theoretical guidance for the design and application of the temperature-switchable mode selector.
Transparent conductive oxides for the epsilon-near-zero Tamm plasmon polaritons: publisher’s note
Authors: Bikbaev Rashid G. , Vetrov Stepan Ya. , Timofeev Ivan V.
Published: December 2019

This publisher’s note corrects the funding and acknowledgment sections
in J. Opt. Soc. Am.
B 36, 2817
(2019)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.36.002817.
Bifurcation suppression in regenerative amplifiers by active feedback methods
Authors: Deutschmann Andreas , Flöry Tobias , Schrom Katharina , Stummer Vinzenz , Baltuška Andrius , Kugi Andreas
Published: December 2019

The performance of regenerative amplifiers at high repetition rates is often limited by the occurrence of bifurcations induced by a destabilization of the pulse-to-pulse dynamics. While bifurcations can be suppressed by increasing the seed energy using dedicated pre-amplifiers, the availability of adjustable filters and control electronics in modern pulse amplifiers allows to exploit feedback strategies to cope with these instabilities. In this paper, we present a theoretical and experimental analysis of active feedback methods to stabilize otherwise unstable operational regimes of regenerative amplifiers. To this end, the dynamics of regenerative amplifiers are investigated starting from a general space-dependent description to obtain a generalization of existing models from the literature. Suitable feedback strategies are then developed utilizing measurements of the output pulse energies or the transmitted pump light, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is highlighted by experimental results for a Yb:CaF2-based regenerative amplifier.
Misalignment measurement with dual-frequency moiré fringe in nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Wang Nan , Jiang Wei , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2019

We explore an easy-to-implement moiré-based measurement scheme for the mask-wafer misalignment in nanoimprint lithography. By introducing the beat signal of moiré fringes, the measurement range increase by dozens or even hundreds of times, while the measurement accuracy doesn’t get affected and still kept in nanoscale. Moreover, the alignment signal, collected throughout the whole imprint process, is independent of the wafer-mask gap and beam fluctuation, which makes it very suitable for the misalignment measurement in NIL. The experiment shows that sub-10 nm alignment could be obtained within a measurement range of 500µm, which is expected to be improved after the parameter optimization.
Narrow-linewidth III-V/Si/Si3N4 laser using multilayer heterogeneous integration
Authors: Xiang Chao , Jin Warren , Guo Joel , Peters Jonathan D. , Kennedy M. J. , Selvidge Jennifer , Morton Paul A. , Bowers John E.
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate a novel

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structure to enable efficient
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based external cavity for the first
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noise.
Método do flutuador como ferramenta para monitoramento do comportamento hidrológico de córrego urbano
Authors: Santos Cleiton Oliveira dos , Ferreira Josenilson De Assis
Published: December 2019

A água, recurso natural de extrema importância para a sobrevivência do homem, tem sido extraída de forma acelerada por diversos setores que têm interferido no ciclo, alterando a qualidade e quantidade da água. Muitos países já sofrem com a escassez hídrica, fazendo necessária a aplicação de legislações nacionais e internacionais para o controle das atividades que a usam e as resoluções de possíveis conflitos. No presente estudo foram realizados monitoramento e medição da vazão do córrego criminoso localizado na sub bacia do rio Taquari, utilizando o método flutuador para quantificar a vazão e réguas linimétrica para fazer o monitoramento diário da lamina d’água a fim de identificar os possíveis fatores que estão interferindo na vazão do córrego e produzir com os dados obtidos a curva chave tipo potência. Com base nos resultados obtidos o método flutuador mostrou-se adequada para medição de vazão de córregos com pouca quantidade d’água, a curva chave mostrou-se ajustado para medições diárias utilizando a cota da régua linimétrica com os parâmetros h0=0,11, a=907,7781, e m=0,528, o comportamento fluvial do córrego criminoso no período apresentou Q90 de 115 L.S-1 e Q95 de 99 L.S-1.
The social unemployment gap in South Africa: Limits of enabling socio-economic redress through expanding access to higher education
Authors: Tivaringe Tafadzwa
Published: December 2019

The South African government recently adopted an education policy that attempts to achieve socio-economic redress through expanding free university education to first-year students from low-income backgrounds. However, in a country in which structural factors such as race, gender, and age continue to shape labor market outcomes, to what extent can attainment of university education significantly improve the labor market outcomes of historically marginalized groups? To evaluate the limits and possible unintended consequences of this policy intervention, I use  nationally representative data from 1994 through 2017 to explore the correlation between a bachelor’s degree and the likelihood of unemployment. Using a logistic regression and predicted probabilities, I show that, despite the existence of a race-based affirmative action policy designed to alleviate structural barriers in South Africa’s labor market, structural factors still significantly attenuate the role of university education in enabling labor force participation among historically marginalized groups. I term the effect of these multi-dimensional structural barriers: the social unemployment gap. These findings suggest that the use of university education as a strategy for socio-economic redress in labor markets characterized by structural asymmetries extending beyond race necessitates the existence of intersectional labor market affirmative action policies.
Scalanie i percepcja wizualna. Kognitywne warunki odbioru dzieł sztuki (malarstwo, rzeźba, literatura)
Authors: Saja Krystian
Published: December 2019

This article aims to indicate universal cognitive diagrams for the process of interpreting and creating works of art. This text deals primarily with issues such as visual perception, neural representations and mental maps. Each of these concepts has a direct connection with the reception of works of art (painting, sculptural and literary). A certain scope of cognitive processes may constitute a cognitive universe with respect to works of visual art. In every field of art, a set of similar, if not identical patterns with regard to a specific realization is noticed. We can therefore speak of generalizations, mutations and emanations in culture. This article is only a research proposal, which requires a wider study.
Brudnopisy Tadeusza Kantora – od przestrzenności zapisków do czasowości archiwaliów
Authors: Szalewska Katarzyna
Published: December 2019

The article is an attempt to analyze drafts as an artistic form crossing the boundaries between what is literary and what belongs to the visual arts. The material undergoing interpretation here is Tadeusz Kantor’s Drafts series, which consists of the artist’s notes, staging remarks, and notes intended for display in the form of enlarged photocopies. Kantor’s drafts represent the type of thinking about passing, art and the past characteristic for this artist and for the contemporary nostalgic, historical imagination. That is why the topic of the archive in the context of Kantor’s art also enables discussion of Derrida’s archive fever, the problem of traces and the paradoxes of modern memorial discourse.
Sztuka nie-ludzkich aktorów
Authors: Lelonek Diana
Published: December 2019

The Center for the Living Things is a research institute founded in 2016 in order to examine, collect and popularise knowledge concerning new non-human forms: plants, lichen, fungi and insects. All exhibits gathered in the Institute’s collection are abandoned objects, used commodities and those no longer needed – the debris of human overproduction, which has become the natural environment for many living organisms. Specimens were found in an illegal waste dumping site, where man-derived objects and plant tissues mix. These hybrids of plants and artificial objects are difficult to classify, as they are simultaneously animate and inanimate. Exhibits collected in the Center for the Living Things cannot be classified conventionally. Recently, waste has taken over behaviours from living matter. In the process of overproduction, the incessant need to constantly update the goods we possess is the reason why most of these unnecessary products seem to be out of our control. The Center for the Living Things aims to describe mechanisms appearing in the sphere of rejection and uselessness. In this sphere, products are no longer tools used by people. Products participate in almost every process that occurs in the biosphere, hence we cannot definitively separate economic or social processes from so-called natural processes. The Center aims to draw attention to these processes, seek connections and possible alternatives. Specimens are stored and cultivated in an ever-expanding collection at Poznań’s Botanical Gardens. This institution also organises also houses temporary exhibitions, presentations and workshops. Work is underway on an edition of the ‚Atlas of Waste-plants’ to appear at the end of 2019. More information and a digital version of the Institute’s collection can be found at: www.centerforlivingthings.com.
„Kicz, kiczyzm” Justyny Bargielskiej
Authors: Lisak-Gębala Dobrawa
Published: December 2019

The article develops the analysis of recurrent kitschy motifs in poetry and prose by Justyna Bargielska. This authoress consciously and intensively takes advantage of pop-cultural kitsch, kitsch connected to maternity and femininity, sacrokitsch and consolatory kitsch used in mourning practices. She derives many fetishized objects from these areas and transforms them into private talismans; she also borrows many established pop-cultural visions that serve her heroines to create their identity, but sometimes these patterns become a costume for individual fears and phantasies. The term ‘kitschism’ was invented by Bargielska herself and it suggests intellectual distance towards the figures and requisites used. The writer’s attitude towards kitschy cliches is developed as a dialectical movement of attraction and repulsion, and is not meant to overthrow dominant stereotypes; this approach is often similar to camp strategies, yet it extends beyond ludic or ironic games. Bargielska is interested mainly in the anthropological aspect of kitsch, which is situated between the individual and the community. The writer tests the usefulness of cliches while confronting her heroines with the most serious subjects, like death, love or loss.
Digitales Datenmanagement als neue Aufgabe für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken
Authors: Neuroth Heike , Rothfritz Laura , Petras Vivien , Kindling Maxi
Published: December 2019

Ausgehend von den aktuellen Entwicklungen in Deutschland und Europa werden Diskussionen, Initiativen und Projektergebnisse im Bereich des digitalen Datenmanagements vorgestellt. Dabei wird ein besonderer Bezug zu den wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken und deren zukünftige Aufgabenfelder gelegt, die international mit „Data Literacy“ und „Data Stewardship“ beschrieben werden. In Ergänzung zu „Data Scientists“ werden in Zukunft in großer Zahl Experten für das digitale Datenmanagement (sogenannte „Data Stewards“) benötigt. Daher haben das Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und der Fachbereich Informationswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Potsdam gemeinsam den weiterbildenden Masterstudiengang Digitales Datenmanagement konzipiert, der im April 2019 startete. Wie sich dieser Studiengang in die nationalen und internationalen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen einfügt, ist Gegenstand dieses Artikels.
Make IT – In der Stadtbibliothek Greven
Authors: Högemann Sigrid
Published: December 2019

Die Stadtbibliothek Greven wurde in 2019 mit dem Preis „Zukunftsgestalter in Bibliotheken“ ausgezeichnet. Im Mittelpunkt vom Projekt Make IT stehen Angebote für Schulen. Die Bibliothek verleiht Robotikboxen und lädt Klassen zu Auftaktworkshops ein. Einführungen zur Erstellung von Trickfilmen, Erklärfilmen, Quiz und Rallyes gehören ebenfalls dazu. Der neue Medienkompetenzrahmen NRW liefert das Gerüst. Auch Fortbildungen für Lehrer und Bibliothekare sind im Programm.
Probing graphene’s nonlocality with singular metasurfaces
Authors: Galiffi Emanuele , Huidobro Paloma A. , Gonçalves Paulo André D. , Mortensen Niels Asger , Pendry John B.
Published: December 2019

Singular graphene metasurfaces, conductivity gratings realized by periodically suppressing the local doping level of a graphene sheet, were recently proposed to efficiently harvest THz light and couple it to surface plasmons over broad absorption bands, thereby achieving remarkably high field enhancement. However, the large momentum wavevectors thus attained are sensitive to the nonlocal behavior of the underlying electron liquid. Here, we extend the theory of singular graphene metasurfaces to account for the full nonlocal optical response of graphene and discuss the resulting impact on the plasmon resonance spectrum. Finally, we propose a simple local-analogue model that is able to reproduce the effect of nonlocality in local-response calculations by introducing a constant conductivity offset, which could prove a valuable tool in the modeling of more complex experimental graphene-based platforms.
Imperial Whiteness: Fantasy, Colonialism and New Walls
Authors: Stümer Jenny
Published: December 2019

Thirty years after the fall the Berlin wall, political walls in Europe, Israel and the United States safeguard divisions that are based on the defensive projection and protection of besieged “whiteness.” These new barriers take the shape of impassable fences, brick walls, barbed wire barricades, and precarious crossings, negotiating physical and imaginary boundaries. Reworking colonial power structures, contemporary walls are tethered to imperial fantasies that produce whiteness as the insidious marker of religious, economic and racial hierarchies. Notably, these walls sustain an intricate dynamic between visibility and invisibility, ensuring the proliferation of the borderless civilized West (so long as the other remains excluded and hidden from view). At the same time, political walls circumscribe the affective and expansive force-field of whiteness, revealing its enduring efficacy. In this article I look at the recent fortification of fortress Europe, Israel’s escalating security fence and Donald Trump’s promised wall in the US in order to discuss the ways in which the material and ideological walls reappearing around the world are animated by myriad defenses of toxic vulnerability and white affect.
Psychische Gesundheit und Substanzkonsum Jugendlicher im Zeitverlauf
Authors: Runge Ronja , Soellner Renate
Published: December 2019

Der Beitrag stellt Entwicklungstrends der Ergebnisse des „Communities That Care“ Kinder- und Jugendsurveys der Jahre 2013–2017 in Niedersachsen vor. Im Fokus stehen der Substanzkonsum sowie die psychosoziale Gesundheit der Jugendlichen in Form von depressiven Symptomen und Opferwerdung von Mobbing und Partnergewalt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für ein stabiles, zu Teilen auch gesundheitsbewussteres Verhalten über die Zeit. Mädchen zeigen einen Trend hinsichtlich schlechterer psychischer Gesundheit.
Ist Alkohol out? Ergebnisse der Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)-Studie
Authors: Moor Irene , Heilmann Kristina , Hinrichs Richard , Richter Matthias
Published: December 2019

Alkohol zählt zu den beliebtesten psychoaktiven Substanzen. Die Risiken von Alkoholkonsum sind insbesondere für Heranwachsende nicht zu unterschätzen. Die nationalen wie internationalen Befunde der HBSC-Studie zum Alkoholkonsum unter Heranwachsenden verzeichnen zwar einen Rückgang für die letzten Jahre, dennoch sind die Prävalenzen nach wie vor hoch. Präventionsmaßnahmen, die das Erstkonsumalter hinausschieben und einen kontrollierten Umgang mit Alkohol fördern, sind weiterhin erforderlich.
Migration background and overweight prevalence in preschool children
Authors: Zhou Yusheng , Walter Ulla , Dreier Maren
Published: December 2019

Migration background is accepted as an important health determinant in public health research. This contribution presents the findings on ethnic differences in the prevalence of children overweight derived from the school entry examination data in the Hannover Region in 2010–2014. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among migrant children (12.7%) than among the non-migrant children (6.9%). While all ethnic groups showed an educational gradient in the prevalence of overweight, the gradient tended to be more evident in non-migrant children. Further efforts in childhood overweight prevention are needed to successfully address especially children with less educated parents or migrant background.
Should Jurors Deliberate?
Authors: Guha Brishti
Published: December 2019

Does the accuracy of verdicts improve or worsen if individual jurors on a panel are barred from deliberating prior to casting their votes? I study this question in a model where jurors can choose to exert costly effort to improve the accuracy of their individual decisions. I find that, provided the cost of effort is not too large, it is better to allow jurors to deliberate if jury size exceeds a threshold. For panels smaller than this threshold, it is more effective to instruct jurors to vote on the basis of their private information, without deliberations, and to use a simple majority rule to determine the collective decision (regardless of the voting rule used with deliberations). The smaller the cost of paying attention, the larger the threshold above which the switch to allowing deliberations becomes optimal. However, if the unanimity rule had to be maintained under the no-deliberations system, it would be better to allow deliberation. The results apply to binary decision making in any committee where the committee members incur some effort in reviewing the evidence. Examples are arbitration panels and tenure and promotion committees and some board of director meetings on issues such as whether to dismiss a CEO. As an extension I consider the case where jurors differ in their costs of effort.
Simultaneous comparison of L-NAME and melatonin effects on RAW 264.7 cell line’s iNOS production and activity
Authors: Azizi Masoumeh , Moradi Mohammad , Johari Behrooz , Rafiee Mohammad Hessam
Published: December 2019

Background

NO (nitric oxide) inhibition could be used for evaluating the drug’s efficacy for NO-mediated inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of L-NAME and melatonin on different NO production levels in RAW 264.7 cell line as an in vitro model for inflammatory diseases.

Materials and methods

RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was used to compare the effects of L-NAME and melatonin on basal and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS levels. The cells were treated using L-NAME and melatonin for 1 h, afterward incubated with/without LPS for 8 and 24 h. Finally, iNOS mRNA, protein, activity, and nitrite concentrations were evaluated.

Results

Inhibition rate of nitrite by 1 mM L-NAME compared with LPS control were 78% and 80% during 8 and 24 h, respectively. Real-time PCR showed that in the LPS-treated group, 1 mM L-NAME could result in 14% increase of iNOS-mRNA compared with the control group during 8 h. Dose-dependent activity of iNOS in LPS-induced cells from non-treated to 4 mM L-NAME showed 79% reduction while at the same concentrations of melatonin this decrease was 32% (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion

L-NAME showed lower iNOS expression modulating efficacy than melatonin. The result concluded lower potential of the NOS synthetic inhibitors rather than melatonin in the treatment of NO-related disorders.
Is Performing Repetitions to Failure Less Important Than Volume for Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength?
Authors: Lacerda Lucas T. , Marra-Lopes Rodrigo O. , Diniz Rodrigo C.R. , Lima Fernando V. , Rodrigues Sara A. , Martins-Costa Hugo C. , Bemben Michael G. , Chagas Mauro H.
Published: December 2019

Lacerda, LT, Marra-Lopes, RO, Diniz, RCR, Lima, FV, Rodrigues, SA, Martins-Costa, HC, Bemben, MG, and Chagas, MH. Is performing repetitions to failure less important than volume for muscle hypertrophy and strength? J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1237–1248, 2020—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle failure (MF) or not to MF (NMF) training on strength and muscle hypertrophy relative gains (average and individual data). Ten men untrained in resistance training participated in the study. Each leg was allocated in 1 of 2 unilateral training protocols (MF or NMF with equal volume) on knee extension exercise. Both protocols were performed with 3–4 sets, 3 minutes' rest, and 55–60% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles cross-sectional area (CSA), maximal muscle strength (1RM and maximal voluntary isometric contraction), and muscular endurance (maximum number of repetition) were assessed before and after 14 weeks. In addition, neuromuscular activation by normalized root mean square of the electromyographic signal (EMGRMS) was measured in 2nd and 35th training sessions. The average results showed that both training protocols were similarly effective in inducing increases in strength and muscle hypertrophy gains. However, individual analysis data suggest that NMF protocol with equal volume may promote similar or even greater muscle hypertrophy (vastus lateralis) and muscular endurance performance when compared with MF protocol. Also, normalized EMGRMS responses analyzed during 2nd and 35th sessions were similar in MF and NMF protocols for rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles. In conclusion, MF and NMF protocol conducted with the same total repetition numbers produced similar maximal muscle strength performance and neuromuscular activation. Nevertheless, NMF training could be a more appropriate strategy to increase muscle hypertrophy (vastus lateralis) and muscular endurance performance in untrained individuals when compared with MF.
Wales Anaerobic Test: Reliability and Fitness Profiles of International Rugby Union Players
Authors: Beard Adam , Ashby John , Chambers Ryan , Millet Grégoire P. , Brocherie Franck
Published: December 2019

Beard, A, Ashby, J, Chambers, R, Millet, GP, and Brocherie, F. Wales Anaerobic Test (WAT): Reliability and fitness profiles of international rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2589–2596, 2022—To provide strength and conditioning coaches a practical and evidence-based test for repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in rugby union players, this study assessed the relative and absolute test-retest reliability of the Wales Anaerobic Test (WAT) and its position-specific association with other fitness performance indices. Thirty-four players (forwards: n = 19; backs: n = 15) of the Welsh rugby union male senior national team performed the WAT (10 × 50-m distance, 25–30 seconds of passive recovery) twice within 4 days. Time for each repetition was recorded, with the best (WATBest) and total time (WATTT) retained for analysis. Relative (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) and absolute (SEM) reliability of the WAT indices were quantified. Furthermore, association (Pearson's product-moment correlations and stepwise backward elimination procedure) with other fitness performance indices (10- and 40-m sprinting times, 30-15 intermittent fitness test [30-15IFT] and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 [YYIR2]) was investigated. Pooled values revealed “moderate” to “high” ICCs for WATBest (ICC = 0.89, p = 0.626) and WATTT (ICC = 0.95, p = 0.342). Good test sensitivity was reported for forwards and backs' WATTT (p > 0.101). Both WATBest and WATTT correlated with 10-m and 40-m sprinting times (r > 0.69, p < 0.001) as well as with 30-15IFT (r < −0.77, p < 0.001) and YYIR2 (r < −0.68, p < 0.001) for pooled values. The WAT proved to be a reliable and sensitive test to assess the rugby union specific RSA-related fitness of international players.
NURR1 and ERR1 Modulate the Expression of Genes of aDRD2Coexpression Network Enriched for Schizophrenia Risk
Authors: Torretta Silvia , Rampino Antonio , Basso Manuela , Pergola Giulio , Di Carlo Pasquale , Shin Joo H. , Kleinman Joel E. , Hyde Thomas M. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Masellis Rita , Blasi Giuseppe , Pennuto Maria , Bertolino Alessandro
Published: December 2019

Multiple schizophrenia (SCZ) risk loci may be involved in gene co-regulation mechanisms, and analysis of coexpressed gene networks may help to clarify SCZ molecular basis. We have previously identified a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) coexpression module enriched for SCZ risk genes and associated with cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes of SCZ, as well as with response to treatment with antipsychotics. Here we aimed to identify regulatory factors modulating this coexpression module and their relevance to SCZ. We performed motif enrichment analysis to identify transcription factor (TF) binding sites in human promoters of genes coexpressed withDRD2.Then, we measured transcript levels of a group of these genes in primary mouse cortical neurons in basal conditions and upon overexpression and knockdown of predicted TFs. Finally, we analyzed expression levels of these TFs in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of SCZ patients. Ourin silicoanalysis revealed enrichment for NURR1 and ERR1 binding sites. In neuronal cultures, the expression of genes either relevant to SCZ risk (Drd2, Gatad2a,Slc28a1,Cnr1) or indexing coexpression in our module (Btg4,Chit1,Osr1,Gpld1) was significantly modified by gain and loss of Nurr1 and Err1. Postmortem DLPFC expression data analysis showed decreased expression levels of NURR1 and ERR1 in patients with SCZ. For NURR1 such decreased expression is associated with treatment with antipsychotics. Our results show that NURR1 and ERR1 modulate the transcription ofDRD2coexpression partners and support the hypothesis that NURR1 is involved in the response to SCZ treatment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the present study, we providein silicoand experimental evidence for a role of the TFs NURR1 and ERR1 in modulating the expression pattern of genes coexpressed withDRD2in human DLPFC. Notably, genetic variations in these genes is associated with SCZ risk and behavioral and neuroimaging phenotypes of the disease, as well as with response to treatment. Furthermore, this study presents novel findings on a possible interplay between D2 receptor-mediated dopamine signaling involved in treatment with antipsychotics and the transcriptional regulation mechanisms exerted by NURR1. Our results suggest that coexpression and co-regulation mechanisms may help to explain some of the complex biology of genetic associations with SCZ.
Climate forcing by battered-and-breaded fillets and crab-flavored sticks from Alaska pollock
Authors: McKuin Brandi L. , Watson Jordan T. , Haynie Alan C. , Campbell J. Elliott
Published: December 2019

The food sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, contributing 10–32% of global anthropogenic sources. Compared with land-based food production systems, relatively little is known about the climate impact of seafood products. Previous studies have placed an emphasis on fishing activities, overlooking the contribution of the processing phase in the seafood supply chain. Furthermore, other studies have ignored short-lived climate forcing pollutants which can be particularly large for ship fuels. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we conducted a carbon footprint analysis of seafood products from Alaska pollock, one of the world’s largest fisheries. A holistic assessment was made including all components in the supply chain from fishing through retail display case, including a broad suite of climate forcing pollutants (well-mixed greenhouse gases, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, black carbon and organic carbon), for domestic and top importers. We found that in some instances the processing phase contributed nearly twice the climate impact as the fishing phase of the seafood supply chain. For highly fuel-efficient fisheries, such as the Alaska pollock catcher-processor fleet, including the processing phase of the seafood supply chain is essential. Furthermore, the contribution from cooling emissions (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and organic carbon) offsets a significant portion of the climate forcing from warming emissions. The estimates that include only greenhouse gases are as much as 2.6 times higher than the cases that include short-lived climate forcing pollutants. This study also advances our understanding of the climate impact of seafood distribution with products for the domestic retail market having a climate impact that is as much as 1.6 times higher than export products that undergo transoceanic shipping. A full accounting of the supply chain and of the impact of the pollutants emitted by food production systems is important for climate change mitigation strategies in the near-term.
Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Fachgruppen Medienökonomie und Computervermittelte Kommunikation in der DGPuK 2005
Authors: Krone Jan
Published: December 2019

Vom 10. bis zum 12. November fand an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin eine gemeinsame Tagung der thematisch eng verwandten Fachgruppen Medienökonomie und Computervermittelte Kommunikation in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft statt. Unter dem Titelthema ‚Neue Technik, Neue Medien, Neue Gesellschaft? Ökonomische Herausforderungen der Online-Kommunikation’ wurden die nunmehr seit über einem Jahrzehnt im Bewusstsein einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit stehenden massenmedialen Angebote über den Vertriebskanal Internet aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven in Vortragsblöcken analysiert und diskutiert und mit digitalen Technikoptionen im Unterhaltungssektor abgerundet. Insgesamt bildeten 19 Vorträge das Programm.