bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic pain as a predictor of neurological disorders regression in patients with spinal cord traumatic injury
Authors: Nekhlopochyn O.S. , Verbov V.V. , Tsymbaliuk Ia.V. , Vorodi M.V. , Cheshuk Ie.V.
Published: November 2021

Background. Neuropathic pain is one of the principal secondary complications of spinal cord injury. The biological role of neuropathic pain has not been established yet. This type of pain is formed directly in the area of the spinal cord injury; therefore, it can be assumed that its intensity may characterize both degenerative and reparative processes. The aim of this work is to assess the possible relationship between the intensity of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury at cervical subaxial spine and the dynamics of neurological disorder regression. Materials and methods. We have performed a retrospective analysis of patients referred to outpatient department of the Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine in the period from 2010 to 2020 after a surgical treatment of subaxial cervical spine traumatic injury. The extent of neurological disorders and the intensity of neuropathic pain were assessed within 5–7 and 11–13 months after surgery. Results. All 102 patients selected for analysis were divided into three groups depending on the intensity of the registered pain sensations: 1) absence of constant pain sensations — 19.6 % of subjects, 2)moderate pain— 56.9 %, 3) severe neuropathic pain — 23.5 %. In the first group, the regression of neurological disorders was 3.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.15–6.15), in the second — 25.0 (95% CI 24.14–29.58), in the third — 13.0 (95% CI 10.87–16.55). The differences are statistically significant (χ2 = 60.4, df = 2, p < 0.0001). In patients with severe neurological disorders, the dynamics of recovery did not correlate with the pain intensity. With ASIA B, the dynamics of group 1 was 8.5 (95% CI 10.56–27.56), of group 2— 15.0 (95% CI 13.41–18.41), of group 3 — 10.5 (95% CI 7.45–14.89). With ASIA C functional class, the difference is even more pronounced: in group 1, the median was 8.0 (95% CI 0.83–20.83), in group 2 — 32.0 (95% CI 25.41–36.86), in group 3 — 15.5 (95% CI 10.27–27.4). With ASIA D, a similar trend was observed. Conclusions. The worst regression of neurological disorders is observed in patients without clinically significant pain, the best results of neurological dysfunction recovery are found in patients with mode rate neuropathic pain.
TABU DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT INGIN JAYA ACEH BESAR
Authors: Chaizir Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Taboo is something forbidden to do which is still believed and practiced within the community even though people already live in the modern world and face globalization. Belief on taboo has long since existed from one generation to another. This study aimed to describe taboos in the community life of the people in Ingin Jaya Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The study used field research approach with the qualitative method. The primary source of data came from interview, observation, and documentation. Library research was also carried out to support the data. The findings showed that the people of Ingin Jaya still believe various types of taboos. There are taboos involving hard and sharp objects such as prohibition in buying nails, needles, any hard/metal objects, and salt at night, prohibition in sitting under the stairs or at the door, and prohibition in sleeping under the open sky or no roof. The belief on taboos occurs due to two factors. The internal factors include family, education, and religious knowledge, while the external factor includes the socio-culture of the community which exists over generations. The community’s belief on taboos affects the people’ religious experiences in which the people tend to feel comfortable, safe, and secure whenever they follow the social rules by not violating those taboos.
Interior micro-defect induced cracking mechanism and life prediction of carburized Cr-Ni steel based double nonlinear damage under variable amplitude loading
Authors: Deng Hailong , Guo Yang , Liu Bing , Guo Yupeng , Yu Huan
Published: November 2021

The variable amplitude loading fatigue test with interior
Inclusion-FGA-Fisheye induced failure under R = 0 was carried out
on carburized 12CrNi steel in very high-cycle fatigue
regime. Comparing with S-N curve of constant amplitude loading,
the total life is inevitably longer under variable amplitude loading.
And, the surface morphology of FGA is coarser under same order of
magnitude of fatigue life. Simultaneously, it can be determined that the
formation micro-mechanism of FGA is caused by the continuous debondings
of refined grains due to stress concentration around interior
micro-defects, and variable amplitude loading will aggravate the
formation of FGA. Furthermore, the life prediction model based on double
nonlinear fatigue damage, which considers the coupling effect of local
equivalent stress (surface residual stress, maximum stress and local
stress concentration by RVE model), loading sequence and failure
mechanism is established, and predicted life has good accuracy within
the factor-of-three lines for experimental life.
Severe urinary retention secondary to intrathecal morphine pain pump: a case report
Authors: Fregene Eyitemi , Lotze Peter
Published: November 2021

An elderly female with multiple comorbidities presented with acute onset
of severe urinary retention immediately following placement of an
intrathecal morphine pain pump. This case highlights the need to closely
monitor chronic pain patients with complex medical histories who may be
uniquely predisposed to opioid-mediated severe urinary retention.
Efficacy and safety of allergen immunotherapy for IgE-mediated food allergy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Debra de , Rio Pablo Rodriguez del , Jong Nicolette w , Khaleva Ekaterina , Singh C. , Nowak-Wegrzyn Anna , Muraro Antonella , Bégin Philippe , Pajno Giovanni , Fiocchi Alessandro , San Angel Sanchez , Jones Carla , Nilsson Caroline , Bindslev-Jensen Carsten , Wong Gary , Sampson Hugh , Beyer Kirsten , Marchisotto Mary Jane , Fernandez-Rivas Montserrat , Meyer Rosan , Lau Susanne , Nurmatov Ulugbek , Roberts Graham
Published: November 2021

Background There is substantial interest in allergen-specific
immunotherapy in food allergy. We systematically reviewed its efficacy
and safety. Methods We searched six bibliographic databases from 1946 to
30 April 2021 for randomised controlled trials about immunotherapy alone
or with biologicals in IgE-mediated food allergy confirmed by oral food
challenge. We pooled the data using random-effects meta-analysis.
Results We included 36 trials with 2,126 participants, mainly children.
Oral immunotherapy increased tolerance whilst on therapy for peanut (RR
9.9, 95% CI 4.5. to 21.4, high certainty); cow’s milk (RR 5.7, 1.9 to
16.7, moderate certainty) and hen’s egg allergy (RR 8.9, 4.4 to 18,
moderate certainty). The number needed to treat to increase tolerance to
a single dose of 300mg or 1000mg peanut protein was 2. In peanut
allergy, oral immunotherapy did not increase adverse reactions (RR 1.1,
1.0 to 1.2, low certainty) or severe reactions (RR 1,6, 0.7 to 3.5, low
certainty). It may increase adverse reactions in cow’s milk (RR 3.9, 2.1
to 7.5, low certainty) and hen’s egg allergy (RR 7.0, 2.4 to 19.8,
moderate certainty), but reactions tended to be mild and
gastrointestinal. Epicutaneous immunotherapy increased tolerance whilst
on therapy for peanut (RR 2.6, 1.8 to 3.8, moderate certainty). Results
were unclear for other allergies and administration routes. Conclusions
Oral immunotherapy improves tolerance whilst on therapy and is probably
safe in peanut, cow’s milk and hen’s egg allergy. However, our review
found little about whether this improves quality of life, is sustained
or cost-effective.
COMPARISON OF C AND N MINERALIZATION AND METAGENOME ANALYSIS OF RHIZOSPHERE SOILS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT Colchicum L. SPECIES
Authors: EKİCİ İpek , DARICI Cengiz , SANI Zahraddeen , DİNÇER Sadık
Published: November 2021

This study is aimed at determining the characteristics and microbiota of soil upon which some Turkish Colchicum (Colchicaceae) species naturally grows. For this aim the rhizosphere soil samples of Colchicum balansae Planch., Colchicum triphyllum Kunze and Colchicum variegatum L. were analysed in this research. The carbon mineralization rate of C. balansae soil at p<0.05 is significantly different from that of the other two soils. In terms of nitrogen mineralization, significant difference exists between all the three soils (p<0.001). Colchicum variegatum rhizosphere was found to have the highest bacterial diversity. The results revealed that 254 bacterial species were common to the three rhizosphere soils, 35.60% of the bacterial species were unique to C. variegatum soil while 21.89% and 22.67% of the bacterial species were unique to C. balansae and C. triphyllum soil respectively. It was found that C. variegatum and C. balansae collected from areas close to each other had the highest number of common bacterial species, while C. triphyllum from the distant region shared 75 with C. variegatum and 19 with C. balansae. Metagenomics analysis reveals that in the rhizophere of C. variegatum, C. balansae and C. triphyllum, Actinobacteria is dominant at phylum level. Likewise, in C. variegatum soil, Nitrosocosmicus and halophilic Halobacter were found to be the dominant archaea. In the soils of C. triphyllum and C. balansae Saccharomycetales were detected, while Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 was exclusively detected in C. balansae soil. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in C. variegatum rhizosphere soil in terms of organic carbon (C%) and carbon mineralization from the other two soil samples. Significant differences were observed in all three soils in terms of nitrogen content, and the C. triphyllum rhizosphere soil was significantly different from the others in terms of available phosphorus content (p<0.05). This study showed that biological as well as the physico-chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil regulate soil microbial diversity and density and by extension influences their activity which evidently manifests itself in carbon and nitrogen mineralisation.
Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.): An underutilized and traditionally valued tree holding remarkable potential
Authors: Jattan Minakshi , Kumari N , Kumar Raj , Kumar A , Rani B , Phogat D S , Kumar S , Kumar P
Published: November 2021

Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) commonly known as “drumstick tree” belongs to the family Moringaceae. It is now grown worldwide but its native region is India. It is a fast-growing tree that responds to low inputs and has high regeneration potential after cutting. Its nutritional value and capacity to grow economically in different soils and environmental conditions make it a wonder tree. It is highly nutritious and each part is being utilized in various forms. It is widely cultivated for its young pods, flowers, and leaves for use as traditional herbal medicine and vegetable. It is also used by indigenous people in the tropics and sub-tropics as a source of remedies. The leaves are also used as a source of fodder in many countries of the world as they can sustain green fodder availability around the year without extra efforts. Various parts of this tree are good sources of ascorbic acid, calcium, iron, protein, and antioxidant compounds. Hence, its remarkable properties help to fight nutritional deficiency, human diseases and improve the performance of livestock.
Characterization and evaluation of mountain sweet thorn (Flacourtia montana J. Grah) collections
Authors: Tripathi P C , Ganeshan S , Radhika V , Shetti D L
Published: November 2021

Mountain sweet thorn (Flacourtia montana J. Grah) is an indigenous underutilized fruit of the Western Ghats and other regions of peninsular India. It is a close relative of Governor’s plum. It is a bushy shrub or small tree with spiny trunks and branches which may grow up to 2.5 m in height. The fruits are bright dark red 1-2 cm in diameter, sweet edible, and have the potential for processing into jams and jellies. The presence of thorn is one of the major hurdles for the commercialization of this crop. Thus, seeds of the thorny plants of the Mountain sweet thorn were collected from different locations, and seedlings were planted to identify the suitable line. The plant height ranged from 425 cm (accession 0208) to 710 cm (accession​ ​0202). The plant girth ranged from 34.5 cm to 82 cm. The growth data revealed that all​ ​the accessions are vigorous, fast-growing, and have various levels of thorniness. All the​ ​accessions were found to be spreading type. Significant variability was recorded for leaf​ ​characteristics among the accessions studied. Three major clusters were observed in​ ​cluster analysis for morphological and fruiting characters consisting of 1, 8, and 9 accessions,​ ​respectively. The number of fruits ranged from 0 to 4008. The highest yield (9.46 kg/plant)​ ​was obtained in accession - 0106 followed by accession- 0201 (7.83 kg). The average​ ​fruit weight ranged from 1.51 g to 3.94 g. The highest fruit weight (3.94g) was also recorded​ ​in 0106 followed by 2.84 (0102). The total soluble solids ranged from 10 0 Brix to 15.1 0​ ​Brix. Overall, accession 0201 was found better than others with respect to yield, regular​ ​bearing, and less thorniness.
Optimization of methodology for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seeds
Authors: Arivalagan M , Priyanka D R , Rekha A
Published: November 2021

Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seed is one of the rich sources of polyphenolic compounds​ ​with antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. A study was conducted to​ ​optimize the methodology for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds (total phenolic​ ​and flavonoid contents) with antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity​ ​from Jamun seed powder. The study showed that the nature of solvent and extraction​ ​conditions had a significant effect on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content​ ​(TFC), antioxidant potential, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The TPC varied between​ ​6.0 (mg/g Jamun seed powder) for the acetone extract to 119.2 (mg/g) for 80% aqueous​ ​acetone extract and TFC varied between 1.06 mg/g for the acetone to 10.81 mg/g for the​ ​80% aqueous methanol. From the study, it was apparent that an aqueous form of acetone​ ​(acetone: water 80:20, v/v) is a better solvent system for extraction of polyphenolic​ ​compounds with high antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.​ ​Ultrasonication for 60 min increased the efficiency of phenolic extraction.
E-Commerce And Showrooming: How Retail is Changing
Authors: Granata Giuseppe , Scozzese Giancarlo
Published: November 2021

Distribution channels are undergoing a radical change. The success of the online channel and digitalization driven by a few leading companies in recent years has dramatically changed the way people live and change their purchasing patterns. New technologies have multiplied the points of contact; broadband connection has increased the number of always-on consumers and, at the same time, has developed online shopping (Pentina & Hasty, 2009). What are the implications of digital technological innovations? Will the physical store continue to play a key role? Will online shopping be able to offer an engaging and exciting consumer experience? For example, showrooming is becoming a common practice. It consists in obtaining all relevant information about a product at the point of sale and finally, buying it online. This practice is often used in order to save money since online prices are known to be lower than in retail shops. It is also driven by the customer's need to touch a product before buying it. More and more retailers are dealing with this phenomenon of being a storefront, providing information, letting people touch products and eventually making fewer sales.
ANALISIS PERILAKU THREE-SIDED ARCH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DARI BOX CULVERT
Authors: Bhisama Ida Bagus Prastha , Sukrawa Made , Budiwati Ida Ayu Made
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku dari struktur three-sided arch (TSA) yang merupakan salah satu alternatif dari struktur box culvert (BC). Perilaku kedua struktur dibandingkan melalui pemodelan elemen hingga pada program SAP2000. Pemodelan model validasi merupakan tahap awal dalam penelitian ini, yang dibuat berdasarkan pada hasil uji laboratorium oleh peneliti lain. Hasil pemodelan validasi menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan dengan elemen frame (MFR) dan shell (MSH) lebih mendekati hasil uji laboratorium, sedangkan elemen solid (MSO) jauh berbeda sehingga tidak digunakan dalam model aplikasi. Setelah metode pemodelan valid, selanjutnya dilakukan pemodelan aplikasi BC dan TSA yang memiliki panjang bentang bervariasi. Model aplikasi yang dibuat meliputi BC dan TSA dengan bentang 4 m (BC4 dan TSA4), 5 m (BC5 dan TSA5), 7 m (BC7 dan TSA7), 9 m (BC9 dan TSA9) dan 11 m (BC11 dan TSA11) dengan tebal pelat atas 400 mm pada model BC dan 300 mm pada TSA. Deformasi kedua model dianalisis secara non-linier menggunakan pembebanan bertahap, variasi modulus elastisitas (E) dan momen inersia penampang retak (Icr). Untuk mengetahui gaya-gaya dalam lainnya, kedua model dianalisis secara linier dengan beban lalu lintas sesuai SNI 1725:2016. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, perilaku TSA lebih baik dibandingkan BC, dilihat dari deformasi TSA yang mampu menyerupai atau bahkan lebih kecil dari BC meskipun dengan ketebalan pelat atas yang 25% lebih kecil. Pada model dengan variasi bentang, struktur mampu menahan kombinasi pembebanan lajur ‘D’ sampai dengan bentang 7 m. Untuk model bentang 9 dan 11 m, yaitu BC9, TSA9, BC11 dan TSA11 diperlukan penebalan pada pelat atas struktur.
Balanced and sustainable development of ‘green’ business in regions, using the instruments of economic security
Authors: KOZHEVINА Ol’ga V. , BELYAEVSKAYA-PLOTNIK Lyubov’ A.
Published: November 2021

Subject. This article considers the development of ‘green’ entrepreneurship in the context of ensuring the economic security of Russian regions.
Objectives. We focus on developing a conceptual and instrumental basis for sustainable development of entrepreneurial segments of the ‘green’ economy, using the economic security tools for rapid identification and ranking of new threats and risks.
Methods. The study rests on the methodology for determining the confidence interval to create threshold values of indicators of economic security and "green" entrepreneurship, supplemented by trend analysis to justify the priority of introducing ‘green’ entrepreneurship mechanisms in a particular region of the Russian Federation.
Results. We underpin the priority of introducing mechanisms for ‘green’ entrepreneurship development, through modeling upper and lower boundaries of permissible values for indicator of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources, in the Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk, and Novosibirsk Oblast, and the Altai and Krasnodar Territory.
Conclusions. Based on generalization and systematization of Russian and foreign experience, we provide a theoretical rationale for the content, role, classification, and interdependence of tools for sustainable development of business segments of the ‘green’ economy, clarify the concept of ‘sustainable development’ for the purposes of this study. We prove the hypothesis that priority support need those regions that incur the greatest risks in the environmental sphere, including large volumes of hazardous air pollutant emissions.
Assessing the effectiveness of financial support for socially oriented non-profit organizations: The main approaches
Authors: KAIBICHEVA Ekaterina I.
Published: November 2021

Subject. This article discusses the specifics of the existing systems of State and municipal support for non-profit organizations.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of financial support for socially oriented non-profit organizations.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization.
Results. Based on the analysis of the methods used to assess the effectiveness of financial support for socially oriented non-profit organizations, the article identifies their advantages and disadvantages and offers an original methodology that takes into account the practice of providing financial support to non-profit organizations and existing information limitations.
Conclusions. Assessment of the effectiveness of financial support for socially oriented non-profit organizations requires simultaneous consideration of the current legislation, multidirectional activities of non-profit sector organizations and the projects implemented by them, the specifics of the result of the work of non-profit organizations and existing information restrictions.
A methodology to assess the level of flexible management technology development at industrial enterprises
Authors: SHESTAKOVA Elena V. , SITZHANOVA Akzhan M. , PRYTKOV Rinad M.
Published: November 2021

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the transformation of industrial enterprises in the transition to a digital economy.
Objectives. The article aims to study the problem of development of flexible management technologies at industrial enterprises of Russia.
Methods. For the study, we used statistical and systems analyses, grouping, and the method of expert assessment.
Results. The article presents an original methodology for assessing the level of development of flexible management technologies at industrial enterprises.
Conclusions. The developed methodology can help industrial enterprises function effectively for a long period of time in a changing market environment.
VTLS:stä Voyageriin — kirjastojärjestelmien historiaa
Authors: Ahlqvist Ari , Keskitalo Esa-Pekka , Luokkanen Sinikka , Muhonen Ari
Published: November 2021

Signumin edellisessä numerossa 2/2021 ilmestyi kaksi artikkelia, jotka liittyivät Voyager-kirjastojärjestelmästä luopumiseen suomalaisissa korkeakouluissa. Kokonaiskuvaa täydentääksemme luomme vielä katsauksen kaukaisempaan historiaan, alkaen 1980-luvulta ja jatkaen 2010-luvulle. Miksi järjestelmänvaihdos kesti kymmenen vuotta? Yrityksen puutteesta ei ainakaan ollut kyse.
Constitutional and legal principles of Soviet Federalism
Authors: Sosenkov Fedor Sergeevich
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is establishment and development of the principles of Soviet federalism: ideocracy, class character, proletarian internationalism, party spirit, right of nations to self-determination, two-level nature, unity of legal space, dual sovereignty, inviolability of the territory of the republics, dual citizenship, etc. The goal lies in examination of the sources, peculiarities of constitutional layout, evolution of the principles of Soviet federalism, and their role in the crisis and downfall of the Soviet federalism. The author offers the   definitions of such phenomena as the Soviet federalism and the Soviet federation, which defines the novelty of this work. Classification is given to the principles of Soviet federalism in accordance with the criteria outlined by the author: 1) by the time of emergence, the principles are divided into ideological (ideocracy, class character, proletarian internationalism, party spirit, right of nations to self-determination, etc.) and state-legal (single citizenship, inviolability of the territories of the republics, unity of legal system, supremacy of federal legislation, etc.); 2) by the method of codification, the principles are divided into constitutional (ideocracy, class character, right of nations to self-determination, etc.), and stemming from the essence of constitutional norms (asymmetry, party spirit, two-level nature). It is noted that some principles of Soviet federalism fade their significance over time (class character), while others are eliminated from the constitutional and legal practice (principle of mutual control over observance of the all-union and republican legislation). It is substantiated that Soviet federalism was jeopardized mostly by the fundamental interrelated ideological principles: ideocracy, party spirit, and right of nations to self-determination. The author’s special contribution consists in introducing archival documents into the scientific discourse.
МЕХАНІЗМ ВАРТІСНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСАМИ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Ilchuk Valerii , Chut Maksym , Shtyrkhun Khrystyna
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянуто умови формування та реалізації системи вартісно-орієнтованого управління фінансами промислових підприємств, досліджено ефективність інструментів вартісно-орієнтованого управління та інші складові, що формують структуру відповідного механізму управління. Розкриті зміст та сутність складових, їхні функціональні властивості, що забезпечують ефективне функціонування зазначеного механізму. Залежно від концентрації зусиль на основних видах діяльності промислового підприємства, що формують фінансові ресурси, а саме: операційній, фінансовій та інвестиційній, розглянуті варіанти фінансових стратегій, які можуть бути реалізовані механізмом вартісно-орієнтованого управління залежно від поставленої мети та визначених завдань, що зумовлені стартовими показниками підприємства як об’єкта управління. Розглянуто також ефективність впровадження механізму вартісно-орієнтованого управління у практику фінансово-господарської діяльності промислового підприємства.
REGIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZED GOVERNANCE: INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT
Authors: Popelo Olha
Published: November 2021

The article examines the institutional core of the regional economy in terms of decentralized management and strengthening competitiveness. The main approaches to the decentralization of economic management on the basis of localization are outlined. The factors of formation of effective territorial communities are analyzed. Reconstructive and modernization aspects of the formation of a new institutional core are proposed. The author's interpretation of the concept of harmonization of institutional influence on the processes of regional development is given.
THE BURIAL WITH A BRONZE HAMMER-AXE FROM THE ANDREEVSKIY KURGAN IN STAVROPOL REGION
Authors: Кореневский С.Н. , Прокофьев Р.В.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена публикации погребения 19 с бронзовым топором-молотом из кургана 1 у пос. Андреевского близ г. Георгиевска на севере района Кавказских Минеральных Вод. Памятник раскопан Р. В. Прокофьевым. Захоронение является основным для второй насыпи кургана, возведенного ранее над захоронениями долинского варианта майкопско-новосвободненской общности. Топор-молот из п. 19 украшен литым орнаментом. Погребение имеет радиоуглеродную дату -третья четв. III тыс. до н. э. В статье приводятся аналогии топору-молоту в Предкавказье и в степном Поволжье. Проводится анализ орнаментов этих топоров-молотов и делается вывод об их символическом значении как топоров-скипетров. Производство такого типа оружия связывается с Центральным Предкавказьем.

The paper describes burial 19 containing a bronze hammer-axe from kurgan 1 located in the vicinity of the Andreevskiy settlement near the town of Georgievsk in the North Caucasian Mineral Waters region. The site was excavated by R. V. Prokofyev. The burial is primary one in the second kurgan mound constructed earlier over the burials attributed to the Dolinskoye variant of the Maykop-Novosvobodnaya community. The entire surface of the discussed hammer-axe from burial 19 is densely covered with cast decoration. The radiocarbon date of the burial puts it within the third quarter of 3 mill. BC. The article presents analogies to the hammer-axe among similar artifacts from the Fore-Caucasus and the steppe Volga region. It also analyzes decoration patterns on such hammer-axes and comes to the conclusion on their symbolic meaning as scepter-axes. Production of this type of weapons is associated with the central ForeCaucasus.
MINIATURE ALTARS FROM ANCIENT GREEK SITES IN CRIMEAN PRIAZOVIA
Authors: Масленников А.А.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена публикации трех миниатюрных каменных изделий, вероятнее всего, выполнявших функцию алтариков. Они были обнаружены в разные годы на двух памятниках Крымского Приазовья (поселения Полянка и Чокракский мыс), но в слоях и постройках одного хронологического периода (середина последней четверти I в. до н. э.). Несколько отличаясь по форме, они, тем не менее, свидетельствуют о приверженности хотя бы части местного сельского населения традиционным античным верованиям и сакральной практике.

The paper publishes three miniature stone items that, most likely, performed the function of small altars. They were found at two sites in Crimean Priazovia (Polyanka and Chokrakskiy mys settlements). Yje finds were discovered in the layers and constructions of the same chronological period (middle of the last quarter of the 1 century BC) in different years. While they have some differences in shape, they clearly demonstrate that at least some portion of the local rural population followed traditional Ancient Greek beliefs and sacral practice.
THE 2019 EXCAVATIONS OF THE ROMAN PERIOD AND THE MIGRATION PERIOD AT THE YASKOVICHI-1 SETTLEMENT IN THE PRIPYAT POLESIE
Authors: Белевец В.Г.
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследований 2019 г. на селище Ясковичи-1, открытом в 2017 г. на северной окраине Припятского Полесья. Памятник содержит выразительный горизонт позднеримского периода (рубежа II/III - середины IV в.), сопоставимый с древностями киевской культуры. На примере отдельных фрагментов посуды и вещей прослеживаются связи его жителей с носителями вельбарской культуры. Следующий горизонт памятника - пражской культуры -представлен отдельными находками и немногочисленными фрагментами керамики. Последние соотносятся преимущественно с ранними этапами развития пражского керамического комплекса в Припятском Полесье, не исключая фазы «0» - финала позднеримского времени и начала эпохи Великого переселения народов.

The paper presents results of the excavations conducted at the open settlement of Yaskovichi-1 in 2019. The settlement was discovered in 2017 in the northern fringe of the Pripyat Polesie. The site contains a horizon dating to the late Roman period (the turn of the 3 - mid-4 centuries) rich with finds comparable with antiquities of the Kiev culture. Analyzing some fragments of the vessels and other items, the author traces down the links between its residents and the Wielbark population. The subsequent horizon of the site, i.e. that of Prague culture, is represented by individual finds and few fragments of ceramics. The latter are correlated, mostly, with the early development of the Prague ceramic assembly in the Pripyat Polesie, without excluding phase 0, which is the final stage of the Late Roman period and the beginning of the Migration Period.
THE CASE OF LARGE TREPANATION OF THE BRONZE AGE SKULL FROM KURGAN 2 NEAR THE L'GOVSKOYE VILLAGE
Authors: Веселкова Д. В. , Свиркина Н. Г. , Успенская О. И. , Добровольская М. В. , Рукавишникова И. В. , Бейлин Д. В. , Меньшиков М. Ю.
Published: November 2021

В ходе археологических исследований кургана № 2 из группы из двух курганов у с. Льговского (Республика Крым) было исследовано 22 погребения эпохи бронзы - раннего железного века. В одном из погребений эпохи бронзы был обнаружен скелет молодого мужчины, на черепе которого были зафиксированы следы трепанации. В статье представлены результаты ее комплексного исследования. Данная трепанация отличается крупным размером и сохранением тонкой нижней пластинки кортикального слоя кости на большей части поверхности места операционного вмешательства. Преобладающей техникой выполнения операции было скобление каменным орудием. Трасологический анализ выявил комплекс следов, оставленных по меньшей мере двумя инструментами с различным рабочим лезвием. Выдвигается предположение о лечебной цели проведения манипуляции.

The archaeological excavations of kurgan 2 from the group of two kurgans near the L'govskoye village (Republic of Crimea) examined 21 burials dating to the Bronze Age - Early Iron Age. One of the Bronze Age burials yielded a skeleton of a young man with traces of trepanation on the skull. The paper reports on the results of its comprehensive research. This trepanation is noted for its large size and preservation of a thin lower plate of the bone cortical layer on a large surgically treated region. Scraping with a stone tool was a prevailing method of surgical procedures. The trace wear analysis revealed a series of traces left by at least two tools with different cutting edges. The paper also suggests that this surgical intervention was performed for treatment purposes.
WEAPONS COMPLEX OF 13th-15th CENTURIES FROM NECROPOLIS OF ALT-WEHLAU
Authors: Денисов С. А. , Валуев А. А. , Скворцов К. Н.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются предметы вооружения, найденные в ходе исследования некрополя Альт-Велау и позволяющие охарактеризовать материальную культуру, связанную с военной службой пруссов Тевтонскому ордену. Для этой цели изучены состав и морфологические особенности 140 предметов, найденных в 63 погребениях XIII-XV вв., а также в пахотном горизонте и относящихся преимущественно к наступательному вооружению (мечи, копья, дротики, топоры, булава, кинжалы). В их составе наблюдается постепенный отказ от богато украшенных «парадных» предметов вследствие уравнения статусов знати и рядовых общинников, а также обращение к компактным видам оружия (копьям и кинжалам), пригодным для использования в легкой коннице. При этом морфологические изменения копий (удлинение и сужение лезвия для борьбы с броней) свидетельствуют о принятии пруссами новых явлений в военном деле.

The paper explores weapons items that were found by research of necropolis Alt-Wehlau and gives an insight into the material culture related to the military service of the Prussians for the Teutonic Order. For this goal the composition and morphological features of 140 items found in 63 graves dating to the 13th - 15th centuries as well as in ploughing horizon that are mainly referred to offensive weapons (swords, spears, javelins, axes, a mace, and daggers) were examined. The analysis of their composition demonstrates a gradual transition from richly decorated items to less ornate weapons because of fewer differences in the status of the noble and that of the commoners, as well as use of smaller size types of weapons (e. g. spears and daggers) suitable to be used by light cavalry. At the same time, morphological changes of spears (lengthening and narrowing of the blade to fight against the armour) indicate that the Prussians adopted new trends in the military matters
THE CLASSIC PERIOD NECROPOLIS OF THE RAEVSKOYE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT: HISTORY OF RESEARCH, TOPOGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY
Authors: Малышев А. А. , Горланов С. С. , Мочалов А. В.
Published: November 2021

Раевское городище - региональный и экономический центр юго-восточной Синдики (хоры античной Горгиппии) на протяжении III в. до н. э. - I в. н. э. -было введено в научный оборот благодаря раскопкам В. И. Сизова в 1886 г. Вопрос о местоположении некрополя городища, население которого могло насчитывать несколько сотен жителей, долгое время оставался открытым. Итоги исследований за последние полвека показали, что захоронения античного времени расположены на возвышенностях, простирающихся к западу и востоку от городища. К сожалению, на нынешнем этапе хронология захоронений некрополя далеко не всегда коррелирует с периодом бытования античного центра на Раевском городище. В частности, слабо документирован погребальными комплексами III в. до н. э. и практически отсутствуют материалы, которые можно было бы связать с обитателями северо-восточного мыса городища в раннеримское время. О периферийности центра свидетельствует отсутствие находок надгробных памятников.

The Raevskoye fortified settlement was a regional and economic center of southeastern Sindike (chora of Greek Gorgippia) throughout 3rd century BC -1st century AD. The site was introduced in scientific discourse thanks to excavations conducted by V.I. Sizov in 1886. The issue relating to the location of the necropolis of the hillfort where several hundred people had probably lived remained open for a long time. The excavations over the recent 50 years have shown that graves of the Classical period are located on hills extending east of and west of the settlement. Unfortunately, at the current stage of research the chronology of graves in the necropolis does not always correlate with the period of functioning of the Ancient Greek center at the Raevskoye hillfort. In particular, few burial assemblages date back to the 3rd century BC; and there are practically no materials that could be linked to the inhabitants of the northeastern promontory of the fortified settlement during the Early Roman period. A lack of tombstones evidences the marginal character of the settlement at that time.
Technological Study of Rostov Circular Ceramics (Based on Excavation Materials Found at the Livery Yard in 2013)
Authors: О.Л. ШАРГАНОВА , А.Е. ЛЕОНТЬЕВ
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты технологического анализа круговой керамики XI – первой половины XII вв. из нижних пластов раскопа 2013 г. на Конюшенном дворе в Ростове. Технологическое изучение керамики проводилось по методике А.А. Бобринского. В производстве использовались преимущественно сильнозапесоченные ожелезненные глины с дресвой и органикой. К редким традициям относится применение шамота. Предположительно с импортными сосудами связано использование неожелезненной глины и песка. В результате прямой зависимости между формой венчика и технологией не выявлено. Керамику одной морфологической группы изготавливали, вероятно, разные группы гончаров.

The report outlines the results of technological analysis of circular ceramics made in the XI – the first half of the XII centuries from the lower layers of the excavation that took place in 2013 at the Livery yard in Rostov. Technological study of ceramics was held according to A. A. Bobrinsky methodology. Hard oversanded ferruginized clay with grus and organic were generally used for ceramics manufacture. Chamotte as material was used quite rarely. Unferruginized clay and sand were presumably typical for imported vessels. The study revealed no direct relation between rim shape and pottery technology. It is likely that ceramics of the same morphological group was made by different groups of potters.
SIGNBASE: A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO ABSTRACT SIGNS IN THE PALEOLITHIC
Authors: E. Dutkiewicz , C. Bentz
Published: November 2021

In the Paleolithic around 100,000 to 10,000 years ago, abstract motives also referred to as signs, patterns, or marks are abundant in parietal art as well as on mobile objects. In the case of parietal art, several studies have been dealing with such abstract signs. However, studies scrutinizing signs on mobile objects, such as figurines, tools, or personal ornaments, are rare and mostly limited to either single objects, or to particular assemblages. Our project SignBase aims to enable large-scale comparisons by collecting abstract motives on mobile objects from all over the European Paleolithic, the African Middle Stone Age, as well as further finds of the Near East and South East Asia. In contrast to the chronological difficulties of dating parietal art, abstract motives on mobile objects are usually well dated, at least with reference to the given techno-complexes. Our project ultimately aims to enable quantitative comparative studies on the development of abstract graphical expressions before the emergence of writing systems. This includes the application of classification algorithms allowing us to study the signs in geographical and chronological dimensions. Furthermore, while any inference about their meaning is inevitably speculative, information-theoretic analyses can shed light on the evolution of their information encoding potential and compare it to later graphical behavior such as early written language.
Problems of Furnace Arc Brick Dating according to Materials of Klimetovski Archaeological Excavations in Pskov (2016)
Authors: Прибурова Т. Ф.
Published: November 2021

В статье подробно разбираются возможности датирования печной красноглиняной керамики на примере одного раскопа. В целом хронология печных дуг охватывает период с XV по начало XVII в. Массовое их производство приходится на XVI век

The article analyzes the dating of furnace red clay ceramics on the example of one excavation. In general, the chronology of furnace arcs covers the period from the 15 to the beginning of the 17 century. Their mass production falls on the 16 century
Church of St. George in Senno: a Monument from the Core of Style
Authors: Седов Вл. В.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена малоизвестному памятнику средневековой архитектуры Псковской земли, это церковь святого Георгия в Сенно. Здесь расположена каменная церковь с характерными для псковской архитектурной школы формами, а также башнеобразная каменная звонница примерно того же времени. Самое сложное в этом памятнике - отсутствие заметных форм, не позволяющее точно определить дату постройки. Здесь все формы общие для всей школы. Такие памятники в статье предложено считать принадлежащими к ядру регионального стиля, а само это ядро определять как состояние покоя и неизменности внутри стиля.

The article is devoted to a little-known monument of medieval architecture of the Pskov land, this is the Church of St. George in Senno. There is a stone church with forms characteristic of the Pskov architectural school, as well as a tower-like stone belfry of about the same time. The most difficult thing about this monument is the lack of noticeable forms, which does not allow us to accurately determine the date of construction. Here all forms are common for the whole school. It is proposed to consider such monuments in the article as belonging to the core of the regional style, and to define this core as a state of calm and immutability within the style.
An Attempt of Ancient Relief Reconstruction of the Tver Kremlin Territory
Authors: Данилов В. В. , Романова Е. А. , Салимов А. М. , Олейников О. М. , Салимова М. А.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена реконструкции древнего рельефа территории Тверского кремля. Использованы данные об отметках поверхности материка, полученные при проведении археологических исследований и геобурения. В результате анализа полученных данных выявлена самая высокая точка кремля, располагавшаяся примерно в центральной части площадки, где в XII-XIII вв. находилась церковь Козьмы и Дамиана, а с 1285 г. - главный храм Твери - Спасо-Преображенский собор. Выявлена подольная часть кремля к северу от холма, значительные понижения площадки кремля к западу и югу. Очевидно, древний рельеф обусловил границы крепости, а также расположение главного храма города.

The article presents the results of archaeological together with geological drilling data analysis on ancient relief of Tver kremlin territory. The research shows that a sandy hill was situated in the centre of future kremlin, where the church of Kozma and Damian, then the Cathedral of the Our Saviour Transfiguration were built. The ancient surface of the kremlin territory considerably descended to the north, west and south. Evidently the ancient relief of that ground determined the situation of kremlin's fortification line.
Pyatnitsky Monastery on the Ivangorod Road: to the History of a Forgotten Monument of the 16 century
Authors: Стасюк И. В. , Белобородов А. Н. , Семёнов Вениамин
Published: November 2021

Монастырь св. Параскевы Пятницы и св. чудотворцев Космы и Дамиана и располагался в конце XVI-XVII в. на дороге, соединявшей крепости Ям и Ивангород. Основан между 1577 и 1581 г., тогда же был выстроен каменный Пятницкий храм. К концу XVII в. монастырский комплекс был заброшен. В середине XVIII в. храм восстановлен в качестве приходского и освящен в честь архангела Михаила. В начале XX в. к нему пристроена колокольня. Храм полностью разрушен в начале Великой Отечественной войны. Сохранившиеся фундаменты северной части храма с колокольней исследованы раскопками в 2018-2019 гг. В статье приводятся сведения из истории монастыря и храма, публикуются результаты раскопок. Храм трех-апсидный, четырехстолпный, построен из известняка. Предположительно, относится к псковской архитектурной школе.

The monastery of St. Paraskeva and St. Miracle workers Kosma and Damian was located at the end of the 16 - 17 centuries on the road connecting the fortresses of Yam and Ivangorod. It was founded between 1577-1581 and at the same time the stone Pyatnitsky Church was built. By the end of the 17 century, the monastery complex was abandoned. In the middle of the 18 century. the church was restored as a parish one and consecrated in honor of the Archangel Michael. At the beginning of the 20 century, a bell tower was added to it. The church was completely destroyed at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The preserved foundations of the Northern part of the church with the bell tower were investigated by archaeological excavations in 2018-2019. The article provides information from the history of the monastery and the church and presents the excavation results. The church a is three-apse, four-column one, built of limestone. Presumably, it can belong to Pskov architectural school.
Konstantin Dmitrievich Trofimov. Materials for the Biography
Authors: Соболев В. Ю.
Published: November 2021

В статье дается краткий обзор материалов, хранящихся в архивных собраниях и связанных с историей семьи Трофимовых, и общий обзор археологических работ К. Д. Трофимова, одного из пионеров средневековой археологии Северо-Запада России в начале XX века.

The article provides a brief overview of Konstantin D. Trofimov's and Trofimov's family biography, as well as an essay of activities of K. D. Trofimov, one of the pioneers of medieval archeology in the North-West of Russia at the beginning of the XX century.
Paddles Found in the Moat of the Wall Dated by 1374/75 at Mstislavsky IV Excavation in 2018
Authors: Белоус В. А. , Салмин С. А.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются конструктивные особенности двух весел-гребков, обнаруженных при раскопках в лессовых отложениях на берегу р. Зрачка (позднее - городского рва), относящихся к периоду Средневековья (до 1375 г.).

The article describes the design features of the two paddles (oars) discovered during excavations in loess deposits on the Zrachka river bank (later the city moat), dating back to the period of Middle Ages (before 1375).