bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-sensory marketing
Authors: Savić Milena , Perić Nenad , Savić Radmila
Published: December 2020

Sensory marketing is a set of marketing techniques that aim to use the senses to influence consumer behaviour and the way they make purchasing decisions. This paper discusses companies' sensory marketing practices, the role of the reasons in consumer perception, and how companies create their approach through reaction analysis. This type of marketing is based on the assumption that consumer behaviour is more influenced by affective impulses concerning the cognitive component and is part of a broader trend of personalization of brands with which it is possible to establish an empathic connection. It communicates with consumers through the senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch (or a combination of several of them) through characteristic colours, smells, tastes, music, sound effects, and the like. Increasingly intensive work is being done to create an immersive experiential experience, to establish more reliable connections with clients. The paper, on numerous examples, analyses how this marketing method works, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the ethical issues that surround this issue. Sensory marketing significantly improves customer loyalty to a product or service, contributes to brand shaping, and a better understanding of the target consumer group.
Equilibrium between business and private life of employees and managers: Benefits for balance of life and their effects
Authors: Mladenović Milica
Published: December 2020

Due to demographic, economic and cultural changes at the global level, the importance of establishing a balance between business and private life of employees has increased. The need to balance life is especially pronounced in sales managers due to high pressure and constantly high levels of stress. The paper will propose various benefits that organizations can offer to contribute to balancing the lives of employees and managers: flexible working hours, part-time work, part-time work, division of labor, work from home, kindergarten for children in the office building and employee assistance programs in coping with stress. The introduction of a work-life balance program can have positive effects on both employee performance (e.g, increasing commitment to the organization) and organizational performance (e.g, attracting and retaining the best employees).
Commercials and its impact on consumers: Children abuse in advertising
Authors: Dojčinović Nikola , Ljajić Samir
Published: December 2020

The modern era of capitalism is characterized by mass production. Consumer society is the target of producers whose demand depends on financial success of companies. An important correlation between consumers and producers is created by advertising and propaganda activities. Traditional and new media through which the advertising message is conveyed play an important mediating role. Marketing agencies nowadays offer advertising creation services, run by an entire team of PR managers. Many commercials are created in a way that approaches the form of art, without taking any care about ethical principles. In this paper, we highlight the manipulative, persuasive influence of advertising and the abuse of children in advertisements.The first part of the paper covers the definition of advertising and the chapter about advertising in the media. In the second part of paper, attention is paid to the impact of advertising on consumers, as well as on the role of children abuse in commercials. Based on the analyzed commercials, it is concluded that children in advertisements are used as a means of achieving economic goals, and that the elements of the analyzed advertisements are used to manipulate children.
Contribution to the application of the image processing theory in determining the middle specific tire pressure on ground at motor vehicles
Authors: Demić Miroslav , Muždeka Slavko , Đurić Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

One of the most important characteristics of the special (military) vehicles is possibility to move off-road. In order to achieve appropriate possibility characteristics, military vehicles need, beside other things, to fulfil geometric parameters of vehicle, traction characteristics, stability and ability to overcome obstacles of low load-bearing capacity. The contact between tire and ground is very significant for ensuring adequate performance of motor vehicles and great attention must be paid to it. With that in mind, this paper has developed and illustrated the method for calculating specific tire pressure on ground with use of image processing theory.
Metaheuristic algorithms for the flexible job-shop scheduling problem
Authors: Stanković Aleksandar , Petrović Goran , Marković Danijel , Ćojbašić Žarko , Simić Nikola
Published: December 2020

The problem with flexible job planning (FJSP) is a modification o f the classic job booking problem. This paper deals with the problem o f flexible job deployment and processing o f operations on one machine from a set o f alternative machines. The problem o f deploying flexible jobs in real time is one o f a group o f difficult NP problems (Non-deterministic polynomial time). The motive o f this paper is to show the application o f meta-heuristic algorithms on the example of flexible job schedules and present the appropriate method to future studies. To solve this problem, two meta-heuristic algorithms were used: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). The aim o f the paper is to achieve the speed o f the conversion solution in a series o f iterations, minimizing the total time o f deployment of jobs on an alternative set of machines, as well as minimizing the total schedule time. The problem o f deploying flexible jobs has great application, and with this test we propose an algorithm for solving this problem.
Strategije suočavanja sa anksioznošću u situaciji testiranja engleskog jezika kod studenata visokog i niskog samopoštovanja
Authors: Malobabić Marina , Nešić Ivana , Jokanović Vesna
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Different types of tests present a great part of the academic life, and the tests themselves are extremely stressful situations for most students. The question of strategies used for coping with anxiety in testing situations is raised by the anxiety experienced by students and the levels of their self-esteem during tests. Aim of the paper: The aim of the paper is to take into consideration language anxiety, self-esteem and social and demographic variables as predictors of active use of strategies for coping with the testing situation. Material and methodology: This research included 338 students from five faculties/colleges, with an average age of 21.82±2.561, who were administered the following scales: Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, the Coping with the Testing Situation Scale and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. Results: The Subscale for Language Anxiety during Testing has the highest reversed predictive value (beta=-0.43, p<0.001) of coping strategies for the testing situation; older respondents have less expressed ability of coping with the testing (beta=-0.23, p<0.001), and the higher the level of fear from negative evaluation (beta=0.21, p<0.001), the more the respondents are coping with the testing situation. Conclusion: The higher the testing anxiety, the less will the students use coping strategies, and the older students cope less with stressful testing situations, but the greater the presence of a more expressed fear of inefficiency, the more will the respondents cope with the testing situation through various strategies.
The importance of non-formal education for the economy of Serbia
Authors: Šormaz Goran
Published: December 2020

Adult learning and education are an important component of the lifelong learning process, integrating different forms and programs of non-formal and informal learning. This area of learning encompasses a variety of content, from literacy and general skills, through vocational education and training content, to family, civic, environmental, media, leisure education, and many other areas whose priorities depend on the specific needs of each country . The formal system does not meet the needs of the individual or community to learn. Due to the inability of formal education to monitor changes in education resulting from the rapid development of science and technology, as well as economic and social changes, informal education has emerged. This education is an essential and necessary complement to formal education. Non-formal education is defined as any organized educational activity outside the existing formal system, which serves specific users and learning objectives. Non-formal education is provided through activities such as courses, seminars, lectures, conferences, workshops, various types of training, as well as volunteering. The field of non-formal education is very important in Serbia, it enables persons who have not completed formal education or have finished school with which they cannot find a job in the profession, to actually retrain in the process of non-formal education to perform some of the more demanding jobs, or to apply for a job in Serbia, or looking for a job abroad.
Understanding the phases and objectives of the career development process in the context of successful career management
Authors: Ilić Đurđijana
Published: December 2020

The basis of a quality organization consists of reliable employees who are satisfied with their work, ready to learn and progress, and thus continuously bring profit and progress to themselves and the organization. The foundation of a quality organization consists of a quality corporate mission, a reasonable vision of the organization, clearly set goals and a high level of creativity and innovation of employees, aimed at fulfilling the mission, vision and goals. Employees who are dissatisfied will not do the job properly, which is why the organization suffers direct material damage. Dissatisfied employees will want to leave the job, which speaks in favor of the fact that the resources previously invested in that employee were not used in accordance with the mission of the organization. In order for the organization to operate successfully and make profit, it is necessary to constantly control and maintain the career progress and satisfaction of employees, because its success is based on satisfied and advanced human resources. Career implies advancement, progress, occupation with the profession and stability, which is often considered as its basic precondition. That the concept of career development is extremely complex is shown by the fact that it has produced a large number of organizational phenomena that are intensively studied. Knowing, understanding and following the different stages of the career development process, as well as the numerous and diverse goals of the career development process can significantly contribute to the successful operation of organizations.
Application of EVA concept in business "SBB" limited liability company Belgrade
Authors: Bešlić-Obradović Dragana , Bešlić-Rupić Ivana
Published: December 2020

The contemporary business environment has imposed the need to continuously find and define new concepts and tools that support the strategic management of a company. Among them, Economic Value Added - EVA is considered as the essential principle for the evaluation of company performance in terms of shareholder return. EVA is taxable profit less the total cost of capital (borrowed and owned). The contribution of the EVA concept is reflected by looking at economic rather than accounting profits. This concept was adopted by many companies in Serbia, among which is also "SBB" limited liability company - Belgrade.
Building strategy effect on mechanical properties of high strength low alloy steel in wire + arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Suat Yildiz , Koc Baris , Yilmaz Oguzhan
Published: December 2020

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) which is literally based on continuously fed material deposition type of welding processes such as metal inert gas (MIG), tungsten inert gas (TIG) and plasma welding, is a variant of additive manufacturing technologies. WAAM steps forward with its high deposition rate and low equipment cost as compared to the powder feed and laser/electron beam heated processes among various additive manufacturing processes. In this work, sample parts made of low allow high strength steel (ER120S-G) was additively manufactured via WAAM method using robotic cold metal transfer technology (CMT). The process parameters and building strategies were investigated and correlated with the geometrical, metallurgical and mechanical properties on the produced wall geometries. The results obtained from the thin wall sample parts have showed that with increasing heat input, mechanical properties decreases, since higher heat accumulation and lower cooling rate increases the grain size. The tensile tests results have showed that casting steel (G24Mn6+QT2) mechanical properties which requires 500 MPa yield strength can be compared to with as build WAAM process having 640 MPa yield strength. Tensile strength were fulfilled for S690Q and yield strength is very close to the reference value.
Cadmium affects the regeneration of the leafy vegetable Talinum portulacifolium stem cuttings in nutrient solution
Authors: Muthukumar Thangavelu , Dinesh-Babu Selvam
Published: December 2020

Investigamos el efecto de varias concentraciones (0,0-5,0 ppm) de cadmio (Cd) en la capacidad de regeneración; las características morfológicas y la acumulación de Cd en los esquejes de tallo de la verdura de hoja Talinum portulacifolium cultivada en cultivo hidropónico. El Cd retrasó la brotación de los esquejes en un 7%, la callosidad en un 8% y el enraizamiento en un 38%. Las diferentes concentraciones de Cd afectaron significativamente a los pesos fresco y seco de las partes de la planta, excepto las raíces. La acumulación de Cd fue mayor en los tallos que en las hojas (2,22 vs 0,57 ppm). El índice de tolerancia calculado osciló entre el 59% y el 88%. Basándose en las observaciones, se concluyó que el Cd interfiere con la regeneración de los esquejes de tallo de T. portulacifolium e implica preocupación sobre el consumo y el uso terapéutico de esta hortaliza de hoja que crece en suelos contaminados.

We investigated the effect of various concentrations (0.0-5.0 ppm) of cadmium (Cd) on the regeneration ability; morphological characteristics and Cd accumulation in the leafy vegetable Talinum portulacifolium stem cuttings grown in hydroponic culture. Cd delayed sprouting of stem cuttings by 7%, callusing by 8% and rooting by 38%. Different Cd concentrations significantly affected fresh and dry weight of plant parts except roots. Accumulation of Cd was more in the stems than in leaves (2.22 vs 0.57 ppm). The calculated tolerance index ranged from 59% to 88%. Based on the observations it was concluded that Cd interferes with the regeneration of T. portulacifolium stem cuttings and imply concerns on the consumption and therapeutic use of this leafy vegetable growing on polluted soils.
Les dynamiques démographiques dans l’espace francophone face aux enjeux de l’immigration internationale de langue française au Québec et au Canada
Authors: Marcoux Richard , Richard Laurent
Published: December 2020

L’importance de l’immigration internationale est assurément un enjeu sociopolitique central au Québec. Elle pose des défis tout aussi considérables pour les communautés francophones minoritaires réparties à travers le Canada. Dans les deux cas, des efforts sont menés afin de favoriser les candidats à l’immigration qui maîtrisent la langue française. Une question importante demeure : d’où proviendront ces francophones ? Après avoir dressé un portrait d’ensemble du vaste espace francophone mondial, à partir de tendances passées et futures, nous examinons les principaux éléments qui permettent de comprendre la phénoménale croissance du nombre de francophones liée particulièrement aux dynamiques sociodémographiques observées sur le continent africain.
Migrations franco-yukonnaises : la mise en récit par l’art d’une identité nordique
Authors: Comeau Marie-Hélène
Published: December 2020

Cet article porte sur l’identité franco-yukonnaise marquée par la migration qui se révèle à travers la création artistique et le récit. Menée dans une perspective de recherche-action, cette démarche a pour but de faire émerger par un projet d’art le sens que donnent des membres de la communauté franco-yukonnaise à leur identité construite entre le lieu d’origine et celui de résidence qu’est le Yukon. À partir de concepts propres à l’expérience identitaire dans la création, la recherche s’attarde au parcours migratoire raconté par des Franco-Yukonnaises selon la modalité de deux mises en récit de leur histoire : 1) par la création d’un projet d’art axé sur le thème de leur histoire migratoire ; et 2) par la parole avec le récit de vie. Ce témoignage émergeant d’une intervention en art s’inscrit dans une approche plus large de la recherche-action visant la compréhension d’un phénomène social.
La Suite manitobaine de Roger Auger : sociolectes, médiations linguistiques et institutionnelles
Authors: Valenti Jean
Published: December 2020

Journalistes, directeurs de théâtre et critiques littéraires insistent sur l’importance de la langue, du réalisme et de la représentation sociale dans le théâtre franco-manitobain des années 1970. Chacun à sa manière, ils poursuivent une réflexion sur la mise en récit des codes linguistiques en usage dans la communauté franco-manitobaine. Ils signalent aussi qu’un dénominateur commun se profile au-delà des effets stylistiques qu’occasionne l’usage d’une variété du français canadien : le franglais. Cet article met en relief quelques aspects caractéristiques de cette problématique sociolinguistique en prenant comme corpus de référence la Suite manitobaine de Roger Auger : prises de position sur le français et l’anglais, rapports entre ces langues et la littérature dramatique, émergence et autonomisation d’une dramaturgie franco-manitobaine. L’auteur les explique dans la perspective des relations complémentaires qu’entretiennent deux types de médiations sémiotiques (linguistique et institutionnel) et du sociolecte de la langue française auquel celles-ci donnent lieu.
Travers et traversées de la langue française remixée au Canada : du joual de Michel Tremblay, au chiac de France Daigle, au franglais de Marc Prescott et de Stéphane Oystryk
Authors: Gaboury-Diallo Lise
Published: December 2020

Le contact continu entre l’anglais et le français au Canada a favorisé le développement de langues vernaculaires distinctes : le joual au Québec, le chiac en Acadie et lefranglaisau Manitoba français. Le succès littéraire de Michel Tremblay et de France Daigle, qui ont choisi le joual et le chiac respectivement, illustre comment l’hétérolinguisme peut être exploité comme vecteur de création. Au Manitoba, Marc Prescott et Stéphane Oystryk ont choisi d’écrire enfranglais : le premier dans la représentation théâtrale deSex, lies et les Franco-Manitobains(1993), le second dans son long métrageFM Youth(2014). Cette langue familière sert de tremplin pour sonder la prise de « conscience altéritaire de minoritaire » (Émir Delic) et agit comme prisme où se réfracte une dynamique conflictuelle complexe. Centrée sur des enjeux idéologiques, la rhétorique « remixée » de cette jeunesse, doublement marginalisée, révèle un repositionnement épistémologique important, celui d’une altérité assumée.
Foreign body granuloma reaction after endovascular therapy of an unruptured right frontal arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Lopez-Calle Jaime , Colasanti Roberto , Chian Cesar , Choque-Velasquez Joham
Published: December 2020

Foreign body reactions after endovascular procedures for brain arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare. We report the case of a cerebral foreign body granuloma reaction after embolization of a frontal arteriovenous malformation with Onyx. A previously treated 36-year-old man underwent re-embolization of a residual and recurrent unruptured right frontal vascular malformation with Onyx. The post-procedural imaging revealed a right frontotemporal heterogeneously enhancing expansive lesion associated with a residual malformation. Following microsurgical resection, the histopathological examination of the expansive lesion revealed basophilic foreign body like deposits adjacent to multi-nucleated giant cells, highly compatible with cerebral foreign body granulomas reaction to Onyx. The clinical and radiological follow-up of the patient was favorable after complete resection of the lesions.
Patterns of telomere length with age in African mole-rats: New insights from quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridisation (qFISH)
Authors: Leonida Stephanie R.L. , Bennett Nigel C. , Leitch Andrew R. , Faulkes Chris G.
Published: December 2020

Naked mole-rats Heterocephalus glaber (NMRs) are the longest-lived rodent and also resist the normal signs of senescence. In a number of species, cellular ageing has been correlated with a reduction in telomere length, yet relatively little is known about telomeres and their age-related dynamics in NMRs and other African mole-rats. Here, we apply fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to quantify telomeric repeat sequences in the NMR, the Damaraland mole-rat, Fukomys damarensis (DMR) and the Mahali mole-rat, Cryptomys hottentotus mahali (MMR). Both terminal and non-terminal telomeric sequences were identified in chromosomes of the NMR and DMR, whilst the MMR displayed only terminal telomeric repeats. Measurements of tooth wear and eruption patterns in wild caught DMRs and MMRs, and known ages in captive bred NMRs, were used to place individuals into relative age classes and compared with a quantitative measure of telomeric fluorescence (as a proxy for telomere size). While NMRs and MMRs failed to show an age-related decline in telomeric fluorescence, the DMR had a significant decrease in fluorescence with age, suggesting a decrease in telomere size in older animals. Our results suggest that among African mole-rats there is variation between species with respect to the role of telomere shortening in ageing, and the replicative theory of cellular senescence.
Analysis of Rice Productivity among Beneficiaries of Anchor Borrowers Programme in Adamawa State, Nigeria: Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Bitrus A. , Sulumbe I. M. , Ibrahim A.
Published: December 2020

Rice production in Nigeria has always been dominated by small scale farmers using traditional crude methods which are inefficient, resulting in low yield.  Various measures have been taken by the government to improve rice production with the view of achieving self-sufficiency in rice production for consumption as well as export. Despite these measures, rice has not been sufficiently produced to meet the demand of the growing population in Adamawa State. So many problems might have contributed to this, which could be due to lack of adaptable rice varieties and low level of productivity of resources used by the rice farmers among others. Recently, the federal government introduced the anchor borrowers programme (ABP) with the goal of helping rice farmers to achieve desired output using improved production resources. This paper examined rice productivity and factors affecting rice farmers’ productivity among beneficiaries of anchor borrowers programme in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling procedure was used in selecting the respondents. A structured questionnaire is administered to 139 farmers spread across 3 Local Government Areas to obtain information on farmer’s socio-economic variables, inputs used and output obtained in rice production. The objectives were analyzed using descriptive statistics, data envelopment analysis and OLS regression. The DEA result for level of productivity revealed that the average technical efficiency of 0.71, a minimum of 0.02 and a maximum of 1.0, indicating that the inefficient farmers could decrease their levels of input usage by 29% to produce the same levels of outputs to be at the same level with the frontier farmers. The results showed that the double log functional form gave the best line of fit. R2 value was about 86% and statistically significant at 1% level. Seed (0.882), family labour (0.712), hired labour (0.109), herbicide (0.548), fertilizer (0.200) and land (0.211) were positively and significantly related to productivity at different probability levels. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the mean technical efficiency (productivity) score was 0.71 indicating a high level of productivity. The study also found that all the production factors used by rice farmers among anchor borrower’s beneficiaries had a positive influence on the productivity levels of the rice farmers. Hence, productivity among rice farmers depends largely on their production factors.
A Review on Medical Properties on Spirulina and Their Futuristic Applications
Authors: Manogar Madhupritha , Devaraj Nivedha , Mahalingam Poomaka
Published: December 2020

Spirulina is a type of blue-green microalgae also is a type of cyanobacteria. This was established in 1967 as a "wonderful future food source". It is a rich source of minerals, vitamins, nutrients, protein, carotenoids, and essential amount of amino acids. Spirulina also a good source of antioxidants. It can protect against oxidative damage. It activates cellular antioxidants enzymes. Inhibits lipids peroxidation and also DNA damages, scavenges, free radicals, and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and also catalyze. The Spirulina supplements seem to be affected more effectively the innate immunity and promoting the activity of natural killer cells. Also it has a high potential capacity to increase immunity power to suppress viral infections, and it is well known to be a healthy addition to one's diet. It is most commonly used as a natural dietary supplement. There is a main active compound called phycocyanin. It is a pigment-protein complex. This pigment used mainly as natural colouring in food industry. Spirulina is well tolerated when grown at under controlled conditions. Also it can be grown as a pure culture alkaline water. Spirulina products have bioactive protein with the ability to stimulate the intestinal immune system. This is available in many forms such as spirulina powder, capsules, etc and this products has many mediational uses.
Dynamics of Different Fractions of soil Potassium in an Inceptisol under Subtropical Rice-Rice System
Authors: Nayak Raghabananda , Rout Kumbhakarna
Published: December 2020

Field studies were carried out in 2014-15 rabi season and 2015 kharif season at central farm of OUAT, Odisha, India to evaluate different fractions of potassium at different soil depth at different stages of rice crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments and 4 replications. The study revealed that water soluble K, exchangeable K and non exchangeable K content was highest in 100%NPK+FYM+Lime.Watersoluble K decreased from tillering to harvesting for all the treatments in both the seasons. Exchangeable K decreased in rabi season but increased in kharif season through the stages of growth. Non exchangeable K increased from tillering to harvesting in both seasons. Lime application has increased three forms of potassium over 100%NPK treatment. There was decrease in potassium content with depth. Potassium content in kharif season is less than rabi. The correlation between grain yield is highest with non exchangeable K in rabi and exchangeable K in kharif. The K uptake is best correlated with non exchangeable K in rabi and water soluble K in kharif season.
Using Electromyography to Assess Postural Load in Dentistry: A Literature Review
Authors: Pazos Júlia Margato , Garcia Patricia Petromilli Nordi Sasso
Published: December 2020

This study sought to perform a review of the literature on the use of electromyography to assess postural load in dental work. The literature used in this review was obtained from databases and only articles published published between 1991 and 2019 were considered. The main keywords were “electromyography,” "working posture”, “ergonomics” and “muscle activity”. Each abstract was read to determine whether the information in the article included discussions on the use of electromyography to assess postural load in dental work (n=27). It was found that electromyography is beneficial to assess the influence of different devices used in dental work, however, as it has limitations, researchers must be aware of them to seek alternatives to circumvent them.
Study of Huichol Vernacular Housing through Thermal Analysis of the Construction Elements Characteristic of the Pre-hispanic Era
Authors: Sergio Magos Ramírez , Sarai Murillo Cuevas Damarix , Avatar Flores Gutiérrez , Varun Thautam , Juan Serrano Arellano
Published: December 2020

Aims: Analyze the thermal quality provided by the building elements of Huichol vernacular housing concerning the climatic conditions of San Andrés Cohamiata, Jalisco.

Study Design: The analysis was performed through a simulation of computer housing, for which the characteristics of the materials and EPW (Energy Plus Weather) data of 2018 from the study area were applied to the model, analyzed in programs such as 2D Sun-Path, 3D Sun-Path and Opaque.

Place and Duration of Study: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Graduate of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, between January and March 2019.

Methodology: First, a bibliographic and field study was carried out to verify the materials and construction processes of Huichol housing. The computer housing model was designed to apply the characteristics of the materials, as well as the location and orientation handled by the Huichol ethnic group. Subsequently, EPW (Energy Plus Weather) data from the study area were introduced to opaque software to perform thermal analysis of the house and various factors are studied such as thermal mass and insulation, heat gain/loss, direct radiation, diffuse, dry bulb temperature, among others. Also, in software such as 2D Sun-Path and 3D Sun-Path, the study of sunbathing and shadows of the house was carried out.

Results: The orientation of the house allows them to make better use of solar radiation at different times of the year. Its construction elements (wall thickness, material, and ceiling structure) decrease the overheating of the space in summer. Adobe walls have a thermal delay of 4 hours, and internal conditions are optimal to maintain thermal comfort in summer and winter. Internal temperatures during the year range from 20 to 25°C.

Conclusions: Huichol culture has important knowledge in the construction with natural materials, as these allow positive thermal behaviour in the face of the climatic conditions of the area throughout the year. These housing characteristics may apply to other ethnic groups in the region with limited economic resources, to improve their living conditions.
Exploring the Reasons behind the Usage of Cannabis among Sri Lankan University Undergraduates
Authors: Karunanayake Danesh , Silva Achini Purnima De , Vimukthi N. D. U.
Published: December 2020

Adolescence is a test of new and different behaviors and part of the natural process of separating from parents, gaining acceptance and popularity with peers, developing a sense of identity, autonomy, independence, and maturity, seeking fun and adventure, and or rebelling against authority. Hence, according to the view of some adolescents, engaging in alcohol, tobacco, and the use of other drugs may be seen as a functional way of achieving independence, maturity, or popularity along with other developmental goals. Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug in most countries. Many university students are taking cannabis and other illicit drugs. The main objective of this research was to identify the reasons behind the usage of cannabis among Sri Lankan undergraduates, undergraduates’ attitudes towards the use of cannabis, and Cannabis subculture of undergraduates. The purposive sample included six undergraduates who are excessive users of cannabis. Three participants were from the University of Peradeniya and the other three participants were from the University of Colombo. The study used a qualitative research design comprising of semi-structured individual interviews and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the most influential reasons to use cannabis were, to reduce stress and anxiety, being an early user, the special feeling felt after using cannabis, to enjoy life and due to the freedom afforded at University; to maintain relationships and to build new relationships with others; to be a hero among others, a perceived increase in academic performance and because cannabis is always available at the university premises. It is important to pay attention to this debilitating issue among our future generations.
Patient‐Specific 3D Bioprinted Models of Developing Human Heart
Authors: Cetnar Alexander D. , Tomov Martin L. , Ning Liqun , Jing Bowen , Theus Andrea S. , Kumar Akaash , Wijntjes Amanda N. , Bhamidipati Sai Raviteja , Do Katherine Pham , Mantalaris Athanasios , Oshinski John N. , Avazmohammadi Reza , Lindsey Brooks D. , Bauser‐Heaton Holly D. , Serpooshan Vahid
Published: December 2020

The heart is the first organ to develop in the human embryo through a series of complex chronological processes, many of which critically rely on the interplay between cells and the dynamic microenvironment. Tight spatiotemporal regulation of these interactions is key in heart development and diseases. Due to suboptimal experimental models, however, little is known about the role of microenvironmental cues in the heart development. This study investigates the use of 3D bioprinting and perfusion bioreactor technologies to create bioartificial constructs that can serve as high‐fidelity models of the developing human heart. Bioprinted hydrogel‐based, anatomically accurate models of the human embryonic heart tube (e‐HT, day 22) and fetal left ventricle (f‐LV, week 33) are perfused and analyzed both computationally and experimentally using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Results demonstrate comparable flow hemodynamic patterns within the 3D space. We demonstrate endothelial cell growth and function within the bioprinted e‐HT and f‐LV constructs, which varied significantly in varying cardiac geometries and flow. This study introduces the first generation of anatomically accurate, 3D functional models of developing human heart. This platform enables precise tuning of microenvironmental factors, such as flow and geometry, thus allowing the study of normal developmental processes and underlying diseases.
Covalent Graphene‐MOF Hybrids for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Horn Michael , Schneemann Andreas , Saini Haneesh , Bakandritsos Aristides , Ranc Vaclav , Petr Martin , Stavila Vitalie , Narayana Chandrabhas , Scheibe Błażej , Kment Štěpán , Otyepka Michal , Motta Nunzio , Dubal Deepak , Zbořil Radek , Fischer Roland A.
Published: December 2020

In this work, the covalent attachment of an amine functionalized metal‐organic framework (UiO‐66‐NH2 = Zr6O4(OH)4(bdc‐NH2)6; bdc‐NH2 = 2‐amino‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate) (UiO‐Universitetet i Oslo) to the basal‐plane of carboxylate functionalized graphene (graphene acid = GA) via amide bonds is reported. The resultant GA@UiO‐66‐NH2 hybrid displayed a large specific surface area, hierarchical pores and an interconnected conductive network. The electrochemical characterizations demonstrated that the hybrid GA@UiO‐66‐NH2 acts as an effective charge storing material with a capacitance of up to 651 F g−1, significantly higher than traditional graphene‐based materials. The results suggest that the amide linkage plays a key role in the formation of a π‐conjugated structure, which facilitates charge transfer and consequently offers good capacitance and cycling stability. Furthermore, to realize the practical feasibility, an asymmetric supercapacitor using a GA@UiO‐66‐NH2 positive electrode with Ti3C2TX MXene as the opposing electrode has been constructed. The cell is able to deliver a power density of up to 16 kW kg−1 and an energy density of up to 73 Wh kg−1, which are comparable to several commercial devices such as Pb‐acid and Ni/MH batteries. Under an intermediate level of loading, the device retained 88% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles.
Continuous High‐Throughput Fabrication of Architected Micromaterials via In‐Air Photopolymerization
Authors: Jiang Jieke , Shea Gary , Rastogi Prasansha , Kamperman Tom , Venner Cornelis H. , Visser Claas Willem
Published: December 2020

Recent advances in optical coding, drug delivery, diagnostics, tissue engineering, shear‐induced gelation, and functionally engineered rheology crucially depend on microparticles and microfibers with tunable shape, size, and composition. However, scalable manufacturing of the required complex micromaterials remains a long‐standing challenge. Here in‐air polymerization of liquid jets is demonstrated as a novel platform to produce microparticles and microfibers with tunable size, shape, and composition at high throughput (>100 mL h−1 per nozzle). The polymerization kinetics is quantitatively investigated and modeled as a function of the ink composition, the UV light intensity, and the velocity of the liquid jet, enabling engineering of complex micromaterials in jetting regimes. The size, morphology, and local chemistry of micromaterials are independently controlled, as highlighted by producing micromaterials using 5 different photopolymers as well as multi‐material composites. Simultaneous optimization of these control parameters yields rapid fabrication of stimuli‐responsive Janus fibers that function as soft actuators. Finally, in‐air photopolymerization enables control over the curvature of printed droplets, as highlighted by high‐throughput printing of microlenses with tunable focal distance. The combination of rapid processing and tunability in composition and architecture opens a new route toward applications of tailored micromaterials in soft matter, medicine, pharmacy, and optics.
Robust Fault Detection Based on l1 Regularization
Authors: Kim Young-Man
Published: December 2020

Herein, regularization‐based fault detection technique for stochastic discrete time systems in state space form is discussed. Compared with the deterministic nature of a fault which usually causes an abrupt change, the state of a system smoothly evolves in most cases and the disturbance in the process and the sensor measurement has a stochastic characteristic. The modeling uncertainty in the state space of a system can induce a bias in deterministic way and it can be combined to a fault. In the fault detection community, the modeling uncertainty is called a multiplicative fault and the abruptly‐changing fault is called an additive fault. Inspired by the fact that norm is useful for estimating smoothly evolving states and reducing a bias and norm for detecting abrupt change with spare structure, this research develops the technique for detecting fault which changes abruptly under stochastic disturbance and modeling uncertainty. The norm for bias compensation (due to modeling uncertainty and/or additive fault) is combined with norm for fault detection (especially abruptly changing fault) and the two norms are set up as a regularization problem. The regularization problem is convex thus, global solution can be found in efficient way.
Allopatry, hybridization, and reproductive isolation in Arctostaphylos
Authors: Parker V. Thomas , Rodriguez Christina Y. , Wechsler Gail , Vasey Michael C.
Published: December 2020

PREMISE

Hybridization plays a key role in introgressive adaptation, speciation, and adaptive radiation as a source of evolutionary innovation. Hybridization is considered common in Arctostaphylos, yet species boundaries are retained in stands containing multiple species. Arctostaphylos contains diploids and tetraploids, and recent phylogenies indicate two clades; we hypothesize combinations of these traits limit or promote hybridization rates.

METHODS

We statistically analyzed co‐occurrence patterns of species by clade membership and ploidy level from 87 random 0.1 ha plots. We sampled multiple sites to analyze for percent hybridization based on morphology. Finally, phenophases were analyzed by scoring herbarium sheets for a large number of taxa from both clades as well as tetraploids, and second, surveying three field sites over two years for divergence in phenological stages between co‐occurring taxa.

RESULTS

Most taxa in Arctostaphylos are allopatric relative to other congenerics. When two taxa co‐occur, the patterns are a diploid with a tetraploid, or two diploids from different clades. When three taxa co‐occur, the pattern is two diploids from different clades and a tetraploid. Field and herbarium data both indicate flowering phenology is displaced between diploids from the two clades; one of the diploid clades and tetraploids overlap considerably.

CONCLUSIONS

The two deep clades in Arctostaphylos are genetically distant, with hybrids rare or non‐existent when taxa co‐occur. Reproductive isolation between clades is enhanced by displaced flowering phenology for co‐occurring species. Within clades, taxa appear to have few reproductive barriers other than an allopatric distribution or different ploidy levels.
Lack of a relationship between vitamin D status and resting metabolic rate in Iranian adults
Authors: Ebaditabar Mojdeh , Babaei Nadia , Davarzani Samira , Imani Hossein , Soares Mario J. , Shab‐Bidar Sakineh
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Studies suggest a positive relationship between 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D)) and resting metabolic rate (RMR). We aimed to determine whether this relationship was also true of populations with very low vitamin D status.

Methods

Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were determined from multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (InBody 720, Korea). RMR was based on indirect calorimetry (Cortex Metalyser 3B, Germany). Fasting blood measurements of 25(OH)D concentration, glucose and triglycerides were measured. Data were analyzed separately on men and women by tertile of vitamin D status and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Two hundred and sixty‐three subjects (115 males; 148 females) with a mean age of 37 years and mean %body fat of 30.5% were studied. In women but not men, age, body weight, waist circumference, FM, and FFM increased significantly across tertiles of 25(OH)D. However, there was no difference in unadjusted or adjusted RMR across tertiles of 25OHD in both women and men. Stepwise forward regression analysis showed that age and FFM in men, age and FM in women but not by 25(OH)D, were determinants of RMR. In addition, RMR adjusted for age, sex, FM, FFM and triglyceride‐glucose index did not relate to 25(OH)D when linear (r = 0, P = .98), quadratic (r = 0.008, P = .34), or cubic (r = 0.010, P = .43) relationships were tested.

Conclusions

Residual variation in RMR did not relate to vitamin D status in a group of Iranian adults with very low vitamin D status. Future studies could examine whether such a relationship holds true, after the normalization of vitamin D status.
Familial cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome: Vertical transmission of the BRAF p.G464R pathogenic variant and review of the literature
Authors: Rauen Katherine A. , Maeda Yoshiko , Egense Alena , Tidyman William E.
Published: December 2020

Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome (CFC) is one of the RASopathies and is caused by germline mutations that activate the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CFC is due to heterozygous germline mutations in protein kinases BRAF, MEK1, or MEK2 and rarely in KRAS, a small GTPase. CFC is a multiple congenital anomaly disorder in which individuals may have craniofacial dysmorphia, heart issues, skin and hair anomalies, and delayed development. Pathogenic variants for CFC syndrome are usually considered de novo because vertical transmission has only been reported with MEK2 and KRAS. The index case was a 3‐year‐old male with features consistent with the clinical diagnosis of CFC. Sequencing revealed a previously reported heterozygous likely pathogenic variant BRAF p.G464R. Upon detailed family history, the index case's pregnant mother was noted to have similar features to her son. Targeted familial testing of the BRAF pathogenic variant was performed on the mother, confirming her diagnosis. Prenatal genetic testing for the fetus was declined, but postnatal molecular testing of the index case's sister was positive for the familial BRAF p.G464R variant. Functional analysis of the variant demonstrated increased kinase activity. We report the first identified vertically transmitted functional BRAF pathogenic variant. Our findings emphasize the importance of obtaining a comprehensive evaluation of family members and that activating pathogenic variants within the canonical MAPK cascade mediated by BRAF are compatible with human reproduction.
Recent Advances and Uses of (Me4N)XCF3 (X=S, Se) in the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylthiolated and Trifluoromethylselenolated Compounds
Authors: Yang Xi‐Hui , Chang Denghu , Zhao Rong , Shi Lei
Published: December 2020

The introduction of trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and trifluoromethylseleno (SeCF3) substituents into organic molecules significantly improves the electron‐withdrawing and lipophilic properties of their parent compounds. Therefore, a vast class of versatile reagents were employed to access the corresponding fluorine‐containing compounds. Among them, tetramethylammonium salts, such as (Me4N)SCF3 and (Me4N)SeCF3, have been employed as practical and efficient non‐metal reagents for developing efficient trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylselenolation in recent years. This Minireview systematically illustrates the application of (Me4N)XCF3 (X=S, Se) in the synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated and trifluoromethylselenolated compounds, and its content is divided into two categories: transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions, and transition‐metal‐free reactions.
Rhinologic disease and its impact on sleep: a systematic review
Authors: Fried Jacob , Yuen Erick , Li Andraia , Zhang Kathy , Nguyen Shaun A. , Gudis David A. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Rhinologic disease can be responsible for systemic symptoms affecting mood, cognition, and sleep. It is unclear whether sleep disturbance in specific rhinologic disorders (chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS], rhinitis, and nasal septal deviation [NSD]) is an obstructive phenomenon or due to other mechanisms. In this review we examine the impact of CRS, rhinitis, and NSD on objective and subjective sleep outcome metrics and draw comparisons to normal controls and patients with known obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods

A systematic review of 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) was performed. Studies reporting on objective (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI], respiratory disturbance index [RDI], oxygen nadir) and subjective (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [EpSS], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]) sleep parameters and disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs; 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT‐22], Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire [RQLQ], Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation [NOSE]) were included.

Results

The database search yielded 1414 unique articles, of which 103 were included for analysis. Baseline PROMs were at the high end of normal to abnormal for all 3 conditions: EpSS: CRS (9.8 ± 4.0), rhinitis (9.7 ± 4.3), and NSD (8.9 ± 4.6); and PSQI: CRS (11.0 ± 4.5), rhinitis (6.1 ± 3.7), and NSD (8.6 ± 3.5). Objective measures demonstrated a mild to moderate OSA in the studied diseases: AHI: CRS (10.4 ± 11.5), rhinitis (8.6 ± 8.8), and NSD (13.0 ± 6.9). There were significant differences when compared with reported norms in all measured outcomes (p< 0.001).

Conclusion

Sleep quality is impacted by rhinologic (CRS, rhinitis, NSD) disease. There is likely a mild obstructive component contributing to poor sleep, but other contributing factors may be involved.