bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsibilism and the Analytic-Sociological Debate in Social Epistemology
Authors: Dieleman Susan
Published: December 2016

This is the second paper in the invited collection. Dieleman provides an overview of the “state-of-the-field” debate between Analytic Social Epistemology (ASE), represented by Alvin Goldman, and what Dieleman calls the Sociological Social Epistemology (SSE), represented by Steve Fuller. In response to this ongoing debate, this paper has two related and complementary objectives. The first is to show that the debate between analytic and sociological versions of social epistemology is overly simplistic and doesn’t take into account additional positions that are available and, indeed, have been available since social epistemology was (re)introduced in the mid to late 1980s. The second is to uncover and tell a story of how Lorraine Code’s Epistemic Responsibility is one such additional position. Looking to Code's Epistemic Responsibility reveals the artificiality of the debate between analytic and sociological social epistemologists.
Fierce Love: What We Can Learn about Epistemic Responsibility from Histories of AIDS Advocacy
Authors: Shotwell Alexis
Published: December 2016

This is the fourth paper in the invited collection. Shotwell examines the work of direct-action activists as forms of medical activism that express a non-reductionist and complex intersectional science and technology practice, bridging lay and professional medical contexts. Shotwell draws on Lorraine Code’s generative theory of the importance of “ecological thinking” as one way to practice what she calls “epistemic responsibility,” and to think about the varied and complex early responses of activists in Canada to AIDS. Activists made wide-ranging, theoretically sophisticated, and socially significant interventions in how AIDS manifested in Canada; their interventions manifested a kind of political work welcoming to unpredictable and emergent medical and social situations. Three preliminary insights are offered, from an ongoing research project investigating the history of AIDS activism in the Canadian context: (1) the usefulness of Code’s conception of the social imaginary for understanding how calcified social relations shape and limit the conditions for responsible knowing; (2) the importance of recognizing the communal and social nature of knowledge as a key piece of epistemic responsibility, articulated in terms of collective epistemic privilege; and (3) the possibility for practices of epistemic responsibility to create virtuous epistemic effects beyond what is known (about) or intended by particular agents.
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYMER–CARBON NANOMATERIAL COMPOSITES
Authors: Bokobza Liliane , Couzi Michel , Bruneel Jean-Luc
Published: December 2016

Raman spectroscopy is potentially useful in the analysis of polymer composites filled with carbon materials. These carbon materials that display strong resonance-enhanced Raman scattering effects give rise to strong bands even if used at very low filler loading, thus making Raman spectroscopy one of the most important techniques for the analysis of various properties of the composites. Factors that influence the Raman signal are presented and discussed for correct acquisition and interpretation of the spectra of polymer composites. Special attention is given to the characterization of the polymer–filler interface, which has been shown to play a crucial role in the extent of property improvement of the polymeric matrix.
Strengthening Strategic Reward Framework in Health Systems: A Survey of Narok County, Kenya
Authors: Momanyi George O. , Adoyo Maureen A. , Mwangi Eunice M. , Mokua Dennis O.
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Rewards are used to strengthen good behavior among employees based on the general assumption that rewards motivate staff to improve organizational productivity. However, the extent to which rewards influence motivation among health workers (HWs) has limited information that is useful to human resources (HRs) instruments. This study assessed the influence of rewards on motivation among HWs in Narok County, Kenya. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study done in two sub-counties of Narok County. Data on the rewards availability, rewards perceptions and influence of rewards on performance, as well as motivation level of the HWs, was collected using a self-administered questionnaire with HWs. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze descriptive statistics, and factor analysis and multivariate regression using Eigen vectors was used to assess the relationship between the reward intervention and HWs’ motivation.RESULTS: A majority of HWs 175 (73.8%) had not received a reward for good performance.  Only 3 (4.8%) of the respondents who received rewards were not motivated by the reward they received. Overall, reward significantly predicted general motivation (p-value = 0.009).CONCLUSION: In Narok County, the HR’s instruments have not utilized the reward system known to motivate employees. In the study area, hard work was not acknowledged and rewarded accordingly. In addition, there were not sufficient opportunities for promotion in the county. An increased level of reward has the potential to motivate HWs to perform better.  Therefore, providing rewards to employees to increase motivation is a strategy that the Narok County health system and its HR management should utilize.
E-government Adoption in Developing Countries: Need of Customer-centric Approach: A Case of Pakistan
Authors: Asmi Fahad , Zhou Rongting , Lu Liu
Published: December 2016

The e-government implementation in developing countries is always less successful and objectively hard to achieve and the reason behind is a less citizen-centric approach. Therefore, the effect of trust and social influence will be studied while understanding the adoption behavior of citizens in developing countries. Specifically, a case of selected e-service (e-filling of taxation by ‘Federal Board of Revenue' (FBR)) will be studied in Pakistan. The sole purpose of the study is to pull the external factors like trust and social influence to increase e-government adoption in the massively populated region of the world. The quantitative approach will be followed where the current users of selected e-service will be inquired under the modified version of a generic framework of ‘Technology Adoption Model' (TAM). The sample size of 153 is filtered and analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SPSS AMOS) to study the intentions of the citizens. In methodological terms, deductive, quantitative method is adopted in interpretive philosophical manner. Collectively, trust and social influence are studied in order to find the impact on the intentions of citizens in the developing countries. However, the trust is the strongest predictor after social influence is recorded. Similarly, the usefulness observed to be a strong predictor of intentions in comparison of ease of use in the current scenario.
Traffic Congestion in Dar es Salaam: Implications for Workers’ Productivity
Authors: Mpogole Hosea , Msangi Samira
Published: December 2016

Inadequately planned transport systems result to traffic congestion, a challenge that has for long been a thorn in Dar es Salaam, the city most affected in Tanzania. Although traffic congestion has been a major concern in Dar es Salaam, marked reluctance has been noticed in taking measures towards a lasting solution thus, it is of diminutive surprise that limited studies and documentations on the same are in existence. Therefore, this study assesses traffic congestion in Dar es Salaam and particularly its implications for workers’ productivity. Travel time and productivity indexes were established from a sample of 96 workers who used public transport along Morogoro and Mandela Roads. Travel time index (TTI) is the ratio of the average travel time during peak period to the travel time during off-peak period. Findings reveal that TTI was 2.19. Workers spent about 2 times of the average commuting time to work and 3 times of the same commuting from work to their various residences. About 2.5 hours were lost on traffic jam per day and that people worked 1.4 times less than the required time due to traffic congestion. It was further established that in 10 working days, almost 3 days were lost to traffic congestion. Since there are ongoing efforts to improve the transport system through the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project, it remains to be seen as to what extent traffic congestion will be reduced. In either case, this study provides a benchmark for comparisons.
Improving Walkability to Schools: A GIS Approach with Reference to the Gaza Strip
Authors: Asfour Omar S.
Published: December 2016

Planning for walkability is a main component of sustainable urban planning. Good planning for walkability improves community wellbeing, and offers more energy savings in transportation sector. This paper investigates this issue with reference to the school buildings located in Gaza city, Palestine. The potential to improve walkability to schools has been investigated through a review of the factors that encourage students to walk to their schools. More focus is given to walking distance as a main factor, which has been examined using GIS. This aims to analyse the current distribution of school buildings and whether or not it is adequate to enhance students’ walkability. The study found that students’ walking environment in Gaza requires substantial improvement including the proper planning and upgrading of sidewalks and footpaths. Several urban areas within the city are not served by schools considering a maximum walking distance of 600 m. This means that those areas should be given a priority in the urban plans concerning new schools construction.
Building picture frames
Authors: Sluyter Stephanie
Published: December 2016

This month's problem offers students an opportunity to determine where we find math in the world, interpret it, and engage in mathematical modeling. Each month, elementary school teachers are presented with a problem along with suggested instructional notes and asked to use the problem in their own classrooms and report solutions, strategies, reflections, and misconceptions to the journal audience.
Backing up Moving and Forward in Fractional Understanding
Authors: Barlow Angela T. , Lischka Alyson E. , Willingham James C. , Hartland Kristin S.
Published: December 2016

A well-crafted opening problem can provide preassessment of students' fraction knowledge and assist teachers in determining next steps for instruction.
Building number sense with Lego® robots
Authors: Francis Krista , Poscente Michael
Published: December 2016

Lego Mindstorms™ robotics quickly draws children in and provides ample opportunities for engaging them in robust mathematical learning. Two introductory programming tasks empower children to use their creativity and problem-solving skills to build number sense in a fun, engaging learning environment. Contributors to the iSTEM (Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) department share ideas and activities that stimulate student interest in the integrated fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in K–grade 6 classrooms. Send submissions of no more than 1500 words to this department by accessing http://tcm.msubmit.net. See detailed submission guidelines for all departments at http://www.nctm.org/WriteForTCM.
Breaking the glass ceiling: The doctoral thesis defence as a key turning point
Authors: Gallego Morón Nazareth
Published: December 2016

Statistics depict a university system that is not a space for equality – despite what we might expect of a meritocratic system. Women constitute a minority in positions of power and among high officials in university structures. This document analyses the possible causes in the decrease in women’s participation after defending their doctoral theses, a key moment that represents the start of the glass ceiling. It delves into the relationship between co-optation systems, male power networks, and the allocation of pre-doctoral grants.
Interfacial interaction in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide/metal oxide heterostructures and its effects on electronic and optical properties: The case of MX2/CeO2
Authors: Yang Ke , Huang Wei-Qing , Hu Wangyu , Huang Gui-Fang , Wen Shuangchun
Published: December 2016

Using the density functional theory (DFT), we systematically study the interfacial interaction in monolayer MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se)/CeO2 heterostructures and its effects on electronic and optical properties. The interfacial interaction in the MX2/CeO2 heterostructures depends largely on chalcogens, and its strength determines the band gap variation and important electronic states at the band edges of the heterostructures. The MX2/CeO2 heterostructures with the same chalcogen have similar absorption spectra, from ultraviolet to near-infrared regions. These results suggest that chalcogens importantly determine the properties of MX2/metal oxide heterostructures.
Effect of N2 flow during deposition on p-type ZnO film
Authors: Lin Chiung-Wei , Liu Bor-Chang
Published: December 2016

In this study, the influence of a nitrogen source on p-type conductive ZnO films was studied. Rapid thermal oxidation was conducted to oxidize ZnN films and convert them to ZnO films. When an as-deposited ZnN film was prepared at a high nitrogen gas flow rate, the converted ZnO film possessed many acceptors and showed stable p-type conduction. This p-type conduction was attributed to the nitrogen gas flow providing many “No” states, which act as acceptors within the processed ZnO film. It was found that the as-deposited ZnN film prepared at a high nitrogen gas flow rate is oxidized slightly so that only a few nitrogen atoms were replaced by oxygen. The carrier concentration and mobility of the optimized oxidized ZnN film were 9.76 × 1017 cm−3 and 62.78 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. A good rectified current–voltage characteristic with a turn-on voltage of 3.65 V was achieved for the optimized ZnO:N/ZnO junction.
Size effect of Raman scattering on CeO2 nanocrystal by hydrothermal method
Authors: Hattori Takashi , Kobayashi Katsutoshi , Ozawa Masakuni
Published: December 2016

In this study, we prepared surface-modified CeO2 nanocrystals (NCs) by a hydrothermal method, and calcined CeO2 NCs at various temperatures between 400 and 1000 °C for 3 h in air to obtain crystal-size-controlled CeO2 NCs. We investigated the correlation between the Raman spectra and the crystal sizes of the CeO2 powder. The peak position of the F2g mode of CeO2 was shifted to lower energies as the crystal size decreased and the peak broadened. The present hydrothermally driven CeO2 NCs showed no change in lattice constant depending on crystal size after heat treatment. The Raman peak position of the F2g mode as a function of inverse CeO2 crystal size corresponded to the models for phonon confinement without the combination of strain and defect effects. Moreover, it was also suggested that the Raman peak width of CeO2 NCs without strain also showed dependence on particle size.
Drosophilachemmutations disrupt epithelial polarity in Drosophila embryos
Authors: Zamudio-Arroyo José M. , Riesgo-Escovar Juan R.
Published: December 2016

Drosophila embryogenesis has proven to be an extremely powerful system for developmental gene discovery and characterization. We isolated five new EMS-induced alleles that do not complement thel(3R)5G83lethal line isolated in the Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus screens. We have named this locuschem. Lethality of the new alleles as homozygous zygotic mutants is not completely penetrant, and they have an extended phenocritical period. Like the original allele, a fraction of mutant embryos die with cuticular defects, notably head involution and dorsal closure defects. Embryonic defects are much more extreme in germline clones, where the majority of mutant embryos die during embryogenesis and do not form cuticle, implying a strongchemmaternal contribution.chemmutations genetically interact with mutations in cytoskeletal genes (arm) and with mutations in the epithelial polarity genescoracle, crumbs,andyurt.chemmutants dorsal open defects are similar to those present inyurtmutants, and, likewise, they have epithelial polarity defects.chem1andchem3mutations suppressyurt3, andchem3mutants suppresscrumbs1mutations. In contrast,chem1andcoracle2mutations enhance each other. Compared to controls, inchemmutants in embryonic lateral epithelia Crumbs expression is mislocalized and reduced, Coracle is increased and mislocalized basally at embryonic stages 13–14, then reduced at stage 16. Arm expression has a similar pattern but levels are reduced.
Chronic Stress Exacerbates Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Through Promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation
Authors: Huang Huipeng , Deng Xiaohui , Wang Yuge , Shen Shishi , Wang Shisi , Hu Mengyan , Liu Sanxin , Su Xiaotao , Li Chunyi , Li Tiemei , Lu Zhengqi , Cai Wei
Published: September 2024

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the leading cause of vascular dementia among the elderly. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are commonly manifested in cerebral amyloid angiopathy patients but are usually considered as consequences of cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology. Here, it is reported that chronic stress promotes cerebral amyloid angiopathy progression, which enhances deposition of amyloid protein beta (Aβ) in brain blood vessels and exacerbates subsequent brain injury. Mechanistically, neutrophil is implicated in cerebral amyloid angiopathy development. Aβ that accumulates in brain vasculature induces neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by activating STAT6 signaling, which inhibits neutrophil apoptosis and switches the programmed cell death toward NETosis. During chronic stress, circulatory Norepinephrine (NE) strengthens STAT6 activation in neutrophil and promotes NET formation, thus exacerbates the NET‐dependent angiopathy. It is demonstrated that inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis towards brain or suppressing NET formation both ameliorate cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity in the context of chronic stress. Therefore, it is proposed that stress‐associated psychological disorders and NETs are promising therapeutic targets in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Insight into Oxygen Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers by In Situ X‐Ray Characterization
Authors: Li Ping'an , Zhou Zihan , Qiu Diankai , Peng Linfa
Published: September 2024

The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is one of the most promising electrochemical energy conversion devices for hydrogen production, while still limited by performance bottlenecks at high current densities, due to the lack of mass transfer insights. To investigate the mechanisms of oxygen transport inside the PEMWE at high current density and its relation to electrolytic performance. Operational in situ x‐ray imaging is utilized to simultaneously characterize the bubble behavior and voltage response in a novel designed visual mini‐cell, and it is identified that oxygen evolution and transport in the PEMWE follow the process of bubble nucleation, growth, and detachment. Based on the results of mini‐cells with three porous transport layers (PTLs) up to 9 A cm−2 operation, it revealed that critical current densities exist for both carbon‐based and titanium‐based PTLs. Once exceeding the critical current density, the cell voltage can no longer be stabilized and the cell exhibits a significant oxygen overpotential. To illustrate this, the concept of interfacial separation zone (ISZ) is first proposed, which is an effective pathway for bubble growth and separation and the pattern of the ISZ exhibits specific regimes with the critical current density. Ultimately, a new approach for better understanding the mechanisms of oxygen transport is revealed.
Tunable Anomalous Hall Effect in a Kagomé Ferromagnetic Weyl Semimetal
Authors: Pate Samuel E. , Wang Bin , Zhang Yang , Shen Bing , Liu Enke , Martin Ivar , Jiang J. Samuel , Zhou Xiuquan , Chung Duck Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Welp Ulrich , Kwok Wai‐Kwong , Xiao Zhi‐Li
Published: September 2024

Emerging from the intricate interplay of topology and magnetism, the giant anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is the most known topological property of the recently discovered kagomé ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2 with the magnetic Co atoms arranged on a kagomé lattice. Here it is reported that the AHE in Co3Sn2S2 can be fine‐tuned by an applied magnetic field orientated within ≈2° of the kagomé plane, while beyond this regime, it stays unchanged. Particularly, it can vanish in magnetic fields parallel to the kagomé plane and even decrease in magnetic fields collinear with the spin direction. This tunable AHE can be attributed to local spin switching enabled by the geometrical frustration of the magnetic kagomé lattice, revealing that spins in a kagomé ferromagnet change their switching behavior as the magnetic field approaches the kagomé plane. These results also suggest a versatile way to tune the properties of a kagomé magnet.
Sn‐Doping‐Induced Biphasic Structure Advances Ductile Ag2S‐Based Thermoelectrics
Authors: Wu Hao , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Mao Yuanqing , Li Meng , Wu Ting , Wang De‐Zhuang , Yin Liang‐Cao , Zhu Ming , Liu Wei‐Di , Wang Lijun , Wang Yifeng , Duan Jingui , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: September 2024

Due to its inherent ductility, Ag2S shows promise as a flexible thermoelectric material for harnessing waste heat from diverse sources. However, its thermoelectric performance remains subpar, and existing enhancement strategies often compromise its ductility. In this study, a novel Sn‐doping‐induced biphasic structuring approach is introduced to synergistically control electron and phonon transport. Specifically, Sn‐doping is incorporated into Ag2S0.7Se0.3 to form a biphasic composition comprising (Ag, Sn)2S0.7Se0.3 as the primary phase and Ag2S0.7Se0.3 as the secondary phase. This biphasic configuration achieves a competitive figure‐of‐merit ZT of 0.42 at 343 K while retaining exceptional ductility, exceeding 90%. The dominant (Ag, Sn)2S0.7Se0.3 phase bolsters the initially low carrier concentration, with interfacial boundaries between the phases effectively mitigating carrier scattering and promoting carrier mobility. Consequently, the optimized power factor reaches 5 µW cm−1 K−2 at 343 K. Additionally, the formation of the biphasic structure induces diverse micro/nano defects, suppressing lattice thermal conductivity to a commendable 0.18 W m−1 K−1, thereby achieving optimized thermoelectric performance. As a result, a four‐leg in‐plane flexible thermoelectric device is fabricated, exhibiting a maximum power density of ≈49 µW cm−2 under the temperature difference of 30 K, much higher than that of organic‐based flexible thermoelectric devices.
Dual drug co‐encapsulation of bevacizumab and pemetrexed clocked polymeric nanoparticles improves antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction in liver cancer cells
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Upadhye Vijay J. , Aulakh Damanjeet , Bishnoi Sunita , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Abudoleh Suha Mujahed , Arulselvan Palanisamy , Thangavelu Indumathi
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticle (NP) enabled approaches have been employed for chemotherapeutic administration due to their capacity to regulate drug release and reduce side effects. Additionally, these methods can use several drugs concurrently and impede the proliferation of cancer cells that have developed resistance. Bevacizumab (BVZ) and pemetrexed (PEM) have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in the treatment and management of cancer. This work investigates the combined antiproliferative efficacy of BVZ and PEM co‐loaded PLGA‐PEG NPs (BVZ/PEM@PLGA‐PEG NPs) against HepG2 liver cancerous cells. The BVZ/PEM@PLGA‐PEG exhibited a sphere‐shaped and consistent nanosized distribution. In addition, we evaluated the potential mechanisms for inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis using DAPI staining and cell cycle study. The beneficial combined antiproliferative activity and the apoptosis pathway were detected in the HepG2 cells exposed to BVZ/PEM@PLGA‐PEG NPs. Our study determined that the combinational drug treatment of BVZ/PEM@PLGA‐PEG NPs has a significant effect on promoting the effectiveness of liver cancer treatment.
“Dead Lithium” Formation and Mitigation Strategies in Anode‐Free Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Abdollahifar Mozaffar , Paolella Andrea
Published: September 2024

Thin lithium‐metal foil is a promising anode material for next‐generation batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low negative potential. However, safety issues linked to dendrite growth, low‐capacity retention, and short cycle life pose significant challenges. Also, it has excess energy that must be minimized in order to reduce the battery costs. To limit excess lithium, practical lithium metal batteries need a negative‐to‐positive electrode ratio as close to 1 : 1 as possible, which can be achieved through limiting excess lithium or using an “anode‐free” metal battery design. However, both designs experience fast capacity fade due to the irreversible loss of active lithium in the cell, caused by the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), dendrite formation and “dead lithium,” – refers to lithium that has lost its electronic connection to the anode electrode or current collector. The presence of dead lithium in batteries negatively affects their capacity and lifespan, while also raising internal resistance and generating heat. Additionally, dead lithium encourages the growth of lithium dendrites, which poses significant safety hazards. Within this fundamental review, we thoroughly address the phenomenon of dead lithium formation, assessing its origins, implications on battery performance, and possible strategies for mitigation. The transition towards environmentally friendly and high‐performance metal batteries could be accelerated by effectively tackling the challenge posed by dead lithium.
Recent Advances in Salt‐Template Assisted Synthesis of 3D Porous Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Jiang Cao , Liu Huawei , Ye Jingzhe , Wang Ning , Tang Ying , He Chunnian , Zhang Haichang , Chen Biao
Published: September 2024

The structure, morphology, and composition of electrode materials play a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices. Among various materials, three‐dimensional (3D) porous carbon stands out for its potential to enhance electrochemical energy storage due to its cost‐effectiveness, excellent ion and electron conductivity, abundant active sites, and customizable pore structure. The salt‐template method offers an environmentally friendly, fast, and cost‐efficient approach to synthesizing 3D porous carbon, with the added advantage of adjustable pore architecture and composition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in preparing 3D porous carbon and its composites using the salt‐template method, emphasizing their applications in batteries and supercapacitors. It also critically examines the existing challenges and explores potential future directions for further development in this field.
Amyloid Fibril Formation on Neuronal Cells in the Coexistence of Aβ40 and Aβ42
Authors: Kawaguchi Mayu , Kawano Kenichi , Taniguchi Aoi , Tanaka Atsushi , Matsuzaki Katsumi
Published: September 2024

The abnormal aggregation and subsequent deposition of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) in the brain are considered central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The two major species of Aβ are Aβ40 and Aβ42, present at an approximate ratio of 9 : 1. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal membranes are an important platform of amyloidogenesis by Aβ. However, information on the aggregational behaviors of coexistent Aβ40 and Aβ42 on membranes is lacking. In this study, the aggregation and resultant cytotoxicity of coexistent Aβ40 and Aβ42 at a physiologically relevant ratio were investigated by fluorescence techniques. We found that the degree of coexistence of both Aβs in aggregates increased as the assembly proceeded, and reached a maximum in fibrils. Cross‐seeding experiments supported the hypothesis that Aβ40 and Aβ42 interact with each other in the fibrillar states when formed on membranes. However, the cytotoxicity of the mixed fibrils was weaker than that of Aβ42 fibrils, suggesting the possibility that Aβ40 attenuates the toxicity of Aβ42 by forming mixed fibrils. In contrast, the degree of coexistence was significantly lower in aqueous phase aggregation, highlighting different aggregation mechanisms between in membranes and in the aqueous phase.
Early outcomes with a fully retrievable SinoCrown transcatheter heart valve in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Li Yuehuan , Xiong Zhongyu , Lei Ruobing , Wang Jiangang , Zhang Haibo
Published: September 2024

Background

This study summarizes and analyzes data from patients suffering from symptomatic aortic stenosis who successfully underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using a novel, completely retrievable transcatheter heart valve.

Methods

We included patients who underwent a TAVI procedure with SinoCrown valves at our center between December 2021 and September 2022. We collected 1‐year follow‐up data on survival, complications, echocardiographic results, New York Heart Association functional class in heart failure, and patient‐reported health‐related quality of life outcomes.

Results

Eight successive patients (73.3 ± 4.3 years) were included in the study, with a median Society of Thoracic Surgery risk score of 4.26%. The procedure had a 100% success rate. Median postoperative discharge time was 7 days, with no 30‐day hospital readmissions. Postoperative aortic valve hemodynamics improved, indicated by decreased transvalvular flow velocity compared with preoperative values (1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 4.9 ± 0.2 m/s, p < 0.0001). The median and maximum follow‐up times were 8 and 12 months, respectively. During the follow‐up period, there were no serious complications such as death, stroke, valve embolization, or high‐grade atrioventricular block.

Conclusions

The results from eight initial TAVI cases performed with the SinoCrown valve demonstrated promising safety and efficacy.
Impact of residual mitral regurgitation after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair in atrial functional mitral regurgitation: Results from MITRA‐PRO registry
Authors: Rottländer Dennis , Hausleiter Jörg , Schmitz Thomas , Bufe Alexander , Seyfarth Melchior , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan , Beucher Harald , Ouarrak Taoufik , Schneider Steffen , Boekstegers Peter ,   MITRA‐PRO Investigators
Published: September 2024

Background

Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) has emerged to address symptomatic atrial functional mitral regurgitation (aFMR) in patients who are at high operative risk.

Aims

No clinical data is available on the impact of residual mitral regurgitation (MR) following TEER in aFMR compared to ventricular functional MR (vFMR).

Methods

In the MITRA‐PRO registry, 846 patients with FMR and MitraScore assessment for residual MR quantification were included (722 patients with vFMR and 124 patients with aFMR).

Results

Compared to vFMR similar procedural results in regard of residual MR following TEER were found in aFMR patients (MitraScore post TEER 2.5 ± 1.8 vs. 2.7 ± 1.9), while the amount of implanted TEER devices was increased in vFMR. 1‐year survival was better in aFMR compared to vFMR regardless of relevant residual MR (MitraScore ≥ 4), while 1‐year rehospitalization was comparable for both MR entities. Patients with aFMR and mild residual MR had a lower mortality rate (6.6% vs. 10.3%) and rehospitalization rate (29.1% vs. 46.2%) 1 year after mitral TEER. However, in contrast to vFMR a MitraScore ≥4 was no independent predictor of mortality in aFMR indicating a better tolerance toward residual MR.

Conclusions

Residual MR is an independent predictor of 1‐year mortality in vFMR patients, whereas in aFMR patients, a MitraScore of ≥4 is associated with higher mortality but is not an independent predictor in multivariate analysis. Therefore, minimizing MR through mitral TEER is crucial for survival in vFMR patients, while aFMR patients tolerate significant residual MR better 1 year after the procedure.
A 27‐year scoping review of practice and research in online counselor education
Authors: Manis Amie A. , Banks‐Johnson Angela , Hays Danica G.
Published: September 2024

A scoping review of the online counselor education scholarship from 1997 to 2023 in 27 national and regional peer‐reviewed counseling journals yielded a sample of 110 articles. Findings of the scoping review detailed the topics addressed, methodological features, key findings, and recommendations for practice and research.
Cord blood granulocyte levels are associated with severe bronchiolitis in the first year of life
Authors: Martins Costa Gomes Gabriela , Da Silva Sena Carla Rebeca , Murphy Vanessa E , Hansbro Philip M , Starkey Malcolm R , Gibson Peter G , Mattes Joerg , Collison Adam M
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalisation in the first year of life, and it preferentially affects infants born to mothers with asthma. Here, we evaluate cord blood granulocytes in infants born to mothers with asthma participating in the Breathing for Life Trial (BLT), to investigate early life determinants of bronchiolitis hospitalisation within the first year of life.

Methods

Cord blood from 89 participants was collected into EDTA tubes and processed within 6 h of birth. Cells were stained in whole cord blood for eosinophils (CD45+, CD193+, CD16−), and neutrophils (CD45+, CD193−, CD16+). Medical records were reviewed for bronchiolitis hospitalisation in the first 12 months of life. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata IC16.1.

Results

Logistic regression adjusted for caesarean section, gestational age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, foetal heart deceleration during labour, and season of birth revealed an association between cord blood eosinophil levels and bronchiolitis hospitalisation in the first 12 months of life with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.943 (aOR = 1.35, P = 0.011). Neutrophils were associated with the risk of bronchiolitis hospitalisation in a univariable logistic regression (OR = 0.93, P = 0.029); however, there was no statistical significance in the adjusted model.

Conclusions

Higher eosinophil numbers in cord blood were associated with bronchiolitis hospitalisation in the first 12 months in a cohort of infants born to asthmatic mothers. This suggests that susceptibility to bronchiolitis in later life is influenced by the immune cell profile prior to viral infection.
Cleaner and sustainable circular economy approaches for bio‐based product recovery from industrial effluents in a biorefinery
Authors: Aryanfar Yashar , Castellanos Humberto Garcia , Hammoodi Karrar A. , Farifteh Mohadeseh (Maya) , Keçebaş Ali , Ghasemlou Shaban Mousavi , Mammadova Afsana , Yengejeh Ehsan Alipour , Neghabi Zahra Houshmand
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the integration of circular economy methodologies and biorefinery concepts for the sustainable recovery of bio‐based products from industrial effluents, addressing the critical need for resource efficiency and environmental sustainability in the face of climate change and resource depletion. Emphasizing the valorization of industrial by‐products, the study explores innovative, eco‐friendly recovery processes within a biorefinery framework to transform waste into valuable resources such as biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials. Through a systematic search in various bibliographic databases and a comprehensive literature review, the study critically analyzes existing studies, identifies research gaps, and offers new perspectives on the integration of biorefinery and circular economy principles. The findings reveal that strategic integration of biorefinery processes and circular economy principles can significantly reduce environmental footprints and foster sustainable industrial practices. Key challenges such as feedstock variability, technological barriers, and economic scalability are identified, along with recommendations for overcoming these obstacles through interdisciplinary collaboration, technological innovation, and supportive policy interventions. The main contribution of this research lies in its comprehensive approach, integrating cutting‐edge technologies and circular economy principles to offer viable strategies for sustainable bio‐based product recovery, thus significantly advancing the field of industrial sustainability. The article contributes to the advancement of sustainable technologies, policies, and strategies, advocating for a transition towards a more circular, resource‐efficient industrial sector. Continued innovation and research are emphasized to optimize recovery processes and explore new applications, supporting a sustainable and thriving future for our planet.
Reducing benevolent sexism: Focusing on its harm against women and pervasiveness
Authors: Shimizu Yuho , Komoto Saki , Manome Yoko , Karasawa Kaori
Published: September 2024

Although gender equality is a global goal, significant disparity remains between men and women. Benevolent sexism (BS) is widespread and contributes to the maintenance of the gender gap. To reduce BS, many previous studies have implemented long‐term intervention programmes. In contrast, we posit that it is necessary to reduce BS efficiently through simpler methods. This study aimed to reduce participants' BS endorsement by presenting experimental vignettes regarding (a) the harm of BS against women and (b) the pervasiveness of BS. An online experiment was conducted with male and female Japanese participants (n = 816). The results showed that the main effect of presenting the harm of BS against women was significant only among female participants. However, neither the main effect of presenting the pervasiveness of BS nor the interaction between presenting harm and pervasiveness were found. We suggested strategies to reduce BS, especially when endorsed by men. Our experimental manipulation can be conducted in a short time and on many participants simultaneously. More empirical studies aimed at reducing BS should be conducted in the future.
Nicotine as a female reproductive toxicant—A review
Authors: Bhardwaj Jitender Kumar , Siwach Anshu , Sachdeva Som Nath
Published: September 2024

The preceding decades have seen an extensive emergence of the harmful effects of tobacco smoke on systemic health. Among the various compounds of tobacco, nicotine is one of the principal, potentially hazardous, and toxic components which is an oxidant agent that can affect both men's and women's fertility. Nicotine exerts its effect by modulating the expression of transmembrane ligand‐gated ion channels called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The activities of female reproduction might be disrupted by exposure to nicotine at various sites, such as the ovary or reproductive tract. It's been demonstrated that nicotine might cause oxidative stress, apoptosis, hormonal imbalance, abnormalities in chromosomal segregation, impact oocyte development, and disruption in ovarian morphology and functions. This review paper summarizes the findings and provides an updated overview of the evidence on the harmful effects of nicotine use on women's reproductive health and the resulting detrimental impacts on the body. Additionally, it provides the detailed possible mechanisms involved in impairing reproductive processes like folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, steroidogenesis, and pregnancy in different animal species.
Quantitative Characterization of Zebrafish Caudal Fin Regeneration Based on Mueller Matrix OCT In Vivo
Authors: Wang Zaifan , Li Ke , Chen Hui , Li Zhifang , Li Wangbiao , Lin Hui , Zheng Liqin , Zhang Xiaoman , Wu Shulian
Published: September 2024

Zebrafish serves as a valuable model for studying tissue regeneration due to their comprehensive regenerative abilities, particularly in bone tissue. In this study, a Mueller matrix optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was applied to monitor the regenerative processes of zebrafish caudal fins in vivo. The analysis focused on evaluating the thickness of the caudal fin tip and the distribution of internal bone tissue during the regenerative process. Subsequently, the effect of ectoine solution on the regeneration process was observed and discussed. Our findings revealed that the caudal fin blastema did not exhibit phase‐induced polarization characteristics in the Mueller matrix OCT images. Statistical analyses indicated that the caudal fins did not fully regenerate to their original state within 21 days. Furthermore, the results suggested that ectoine solution could enhance tissue regeneration. This approach provides a method for quantifying zebrafish caudal fin regeneration and advances observation techniques for biomedical and clinical applications.
Production and Characterization of Electrospun Chitosan, Nanochitosan and Hyaluronic Acid Membranes for Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Ponte Edimar Dal , de Almeida Ignatowicz Alexia , Volpato Gabriel Raio , Taffarel João Vitor , Takahashi Priscila Ayumi , Luiz Rafael Messias , Silva Felipe Eduardo Bueno , Fraga Gabriel Nardi , Dragunski Douglas Cardoso , Zarpelon‐Schutz Ana Carla , Alves Helton José , Bernardi‐Wenzel Juliana
Published: September 2024

The development of new wound dressings made from biomaterials, which offer a better cost–benefit ratio and accelerate the healing process, is increasing nowadays. Various biopolymers can be electrospun to form functional membranes for wound healing. Therefore, in this study, chitosan and nanochitosan membranes with or without hyaluronic acid were prepared using the electrospinning technique, characterized and evaluated in the healing of skin wounds in rats. Chitosan and nanochitosan solutions, with or without hyaluronic acid, were prepared at concentrations of 1%–4% using PEO (polyethylene oxide) and subjected to the electrospinning process to obtain membranes characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical tests, and antimicrobial activity. The healing effect of the membranes was evaluated by monitoring the area of the lesions, contraction of the wounds, histologic analysis, and induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐1 α and TNF‐α) production in rats. The nanochitosan and nanochitosan membranes with hyaluronic acid achieved greater fiber diameter and uniformity, resistance, elasticity, and thermal stability, in addition to good adhesion to the wound bed and permeation capacity. Despite not presenting antimicrobial activity in vitro, they contributed to the production of pro‐inflammatory interleukins in the animals tested, provided physical protection, reduced the wound area more markedly until the seventh day of the evaluation, with an acceleration of the healing process and especially when functionalized with hyaluronic acid. These results indicate that the membranes may be promising for accelerating the healing process of chronic wounds in humans.
High Resolution Köppen‐Geiger Climate Zones of Türkiye
Authors: Taşoğlu Enes , Öztürk Muhammed Zeynel , Yazıcı Öznur
Published: September 2024

The Köppen‐Geiger (K‐G) climate classification is the most commonly used climate classification method in the world, and there are many K‐G climate classification studies focusing on Türkiye using different datasets. However, the differences in the datasets used in these studies lead to substantial differences and errors in K‐G climate zone maps. The differences and disagreements in these maps also cause significant discrepancies in climate studies. In this respect, accurate identification of climate classes and types is very important for understanding the distribution of climate types and for many climate‐based studies to achieve accurate results. In this study, the K‐G climate types of Türkiye and the regime characteristics of these climate types were determined using the CHELSA dataset corrected based on the measurements of 337 meteorological stations. According to the results that were obtained, 14 climate types were identified in Türkiye. Since the CHELSA dataset reflected topographic conditions well, many microclimates were identified within broad areas of climate types. The distribution of the microclimate types was compared to the distribution of the vegetation, and the accuracy of the results was evaluated. Apart from microclimates, other prominent features of this study were the co‐occurrence of multiple climate types in a limited area in the Eastern Black Sea Region and the detection of the EF climate type for the first time at the summit of Mount Ararat. Climate types vary according to altitude conditions, and temperature changes due to altitude are an important factor in the formation of climate sub‐types within the same main climate type in Türkiye.
Relationship of Modified Sleep Apnea Severity Index and HGNS Efficacy and Adherence in OSA Patients
Authors: Kaki Praneet C. , Molin Nicole , Goldfarb Jennifer A. , Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Creighton Erin , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is a treatment option for patients with CPAP‐intolerant (CPAPi) obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The modified sleep apnea severity index (mSASI) combines patient anatomy, weight, sleep study metrics, and symptoms into a composite index ranging from 1 (least severe) to 3 (most severe). Prior studies have associated mSASI with quality of life, CPAP adherence, and hypertension, but its utility in CPAPi patients is unknown. We evaluate the relationship between mSASI, HGNS efficacy, and adherence.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of consecutive CPAPi OSA patients who underwent HGNS from 2014 to 2023. Patients were included if data were available to calculate preoperative mSASI and postoperative HGNS adherence/efficacy. Kruskal–Wallis rank‐sum, Fisher's exact, and Chi‐squared tests were performed.

Results

264 patients were included (mean age = 61.3 years, 95% White, 66% Male). Preoperatively, 168 (64%) patients had mSASI of 1, 81 (31%) mSASI = 2, and 15 (5.7%) mSASI = 3. At 3 months post‐op, patients with baseline mSASI of 1, 2, and 3 showed 6.72, 6.39, and 5.88 hours/night of device usage (p = 0.4). This pattern persisted, although showing no significance, at 6 months, 12 months, and most recent follow‐up. There were similar reductions in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) across cohorts, with the mSASI3 group having the highest ESS postoperatively (p < 0.01). Sher15 response was similar between cohorts (mSASI1 = 52%, mSASI2 = 40%, mSASI3 = 25%, p = 0.2).

Conclusion

Preoperative mSASI was not significantly correlated with HGNS adherence. Higher baseline mSASI was associated with greater postoperative daytime sleepiness. Further study is needed to evaluate mSASI as a tool within this population.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1212–1217, 2025