bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización morfológica de 25 variedades de maíz amiláceo evaluadas en dos localidades de la provincia de Tayacaja, Huancavelica
Authors: Prieto Rosales Gino Paul , Manayay Sánchez Damián
Published: August 2022

El maíz amiláceo es considerado uno de los principales alimentos de los habitantes de la sierra peruana, en donde la mayor parte de la producción está destinada al autoconsumo, en diferentes formas. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la caracterización morfológica de 25 variedades de maíz amiláceo, evaluadas en 2 ambientes contrastantes de la provincia de Tayacaja, Huancavelica, Perú, en el ciclo del cultivo 2019-2020. La caracterización morfológica se efectuó utilizando 24 caracteres de planta y de mazorca, analizados mediante análisis de varianza univariado y multivariado. En el análisis multivariado se utilizó el método de componentes principales (CP) y el análisis de conglomerados por el método de Ward. Los estudios agronómicos permitieron demostrar la superioridad de las variedades mejoradas para la mayoría de los caracteres estudiados, lo cual refleja la importancia del mejoramiento genético de plantas en la obtención de genotipos con desempeño agronómico sobresalientes. De acuerdo al análisis de CP, los tres primeros CP explicaron 67 % de la variación fenotípica observada en el grupo de poblaciones estudiadas. La caracterización morfológica clasificó las variedades en seis grupos bien definidos, en función de los caracteres analizados. Todas las variables utilizadas en el estudio resultaron apropiadas para la clasificación y caracterización de la variabilidad fenotípica de materiales locales de maíz, excepto del rendimiento de grano, el índice de grano y el número de ramas secundarias en la espiga, para las cuales no se observó diferencias entre los grupos de variedades.
Identification of the process of maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russia, Temasova G.N. , Leonov O.A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russia, Shkaruba N.Zh. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russia, Vergasova Yu.G. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russia
Published: August 2022

The article presents the procedure for identifying and describing the process model "Maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment" in accordance with the IDF0 model from the point of view of the process approach. Diagram A0 is constructed, followed by diagram A4 of the next level, which describes the interaction of subprocesses. Identification of the processes of maintenance enterprises allows to improve the quality of products and services. When determining the procedure for identifying and describing the process model of maintenance enterprises, the fundamental regulatory document is the international standard ISO 9001:2015. The methodology described in GOST R 52380.1-2005 has been adopted as the basis for modeling the processes of maintenance enterprises. Diagrams A0 and A4 serve to solve the technical and economic problems of the enterprise, and first of all it concerns the analysis of quality costs, internal and external losses arising from the provision of repair and maintenance of equipment.
Marketing management experience in high-tech industries
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, Russia, Krasyuk I.A. , Bragin A.Y. ,   Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Lotsmanskaya Ulitsa, Russia
Published: August 2022

The article considers the role of using marketing management experience in the successful functioning of high-tech sector enterprises. When entering the market of goods produced in high-tech industries, an important factor is overcoming consumer barriers associated with the lack of information about fundamentally new products, which actualizes the problem field of research. An incorrect forecast of consumer behavior in relation to new products leads to the choice of an incorrect product promotion strategy, which leads to a lack of demand for new products. The definition of high-tech products is presented and the main characteristics of these products are listed, including a short life cycle of goods, significant R&D costs, etc. The article notes that the role of marketing management experience in high-tech industries is relevant not only at the micro, but also at the macro level. The costs of research and development of the Russian Federation are analyzed, the dynamics of their development over the period from 2016 to 2020 is considered. Marketing approaches are presented within the framework of marketing management experience in high-tech industries, in particular situational, process, system and structural approaches. The main characteristics of each approach are defined.
Spor Bilimleri Alanındaki Akademisyenlerin Öz Liderlik Düzeylerinin Politik Becerileri İle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÖZMAN Cemal , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Selçuk Bora
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada spor bilimleri alanındaki akademisyenlerin öz liderlik düzeylerinin politik beceriler ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’de kamu ve vakıf üniversitelerinin spor bilimleri alanında çalışan akademisyenleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya 251 akademisyen katılmıştır. Araştırma konusuna yönelik Tabak, Sığrı ve Türköz (2013)’ün Türkçeye uyarladığı öz liderlik ölçeği veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Spor Bilimleri alanında görev yapan akademisyenlerin politik becerilerini belirlemek amacıyla ise Ferris ve arkadaşları (2005) tarafından geliştirilmiş ve Özdemir ve Gören (2015) tarafından eğitim örgütlerinde Türkçeye uyarladığı Politik Beceri Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Öz liderlik ve politik beceri ölçeklerine açımlayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmış olup, öz liderlik ölçeği 8 alt boyuta, politik beceri ölçeği ise 4 alt boyuta ayrılmıştır. Öz liderlik boyutunun sosyal zekâ alt boyutu ile aynı yönlü ve yüksek bir ilişki içinde olduğu; politik beceri boyutunun ise kişi-etki alt boyutu ile en yüksek aynı yönlü ilişkiye sahip olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucu öz liderlik ölçeği için 8 alt boyut elde edilmiş Croanbah Alpha değerleri %50 nin altında kaldığı için düşünme odaklanma ve kendi gözleme çalışmadan çıkartılmıştır. Politik beceri ve öz liderlik ölçekleri arasında aynı yönlü %43 orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırma 18. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresinde bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.
Türkiye’nin Kamu Diplomasisinde Trt World’ün Rolü
Authors: KARADENİZ Yeliz
Published: August 2022

Günümüzde ülkeler, dış politika amaçlarına ulaşmak için askeri, siyasi ve ekonomik güç unsurların yanı sıra kamu diplomasisi için yumuşak güç araçlarına da başvurmaktadır. Kamu diplomasisinde, ülke hakkında oluşan kötü intibahı tersine çevirme ve iyi ilişkiler kurma amacı vardır. Medya bu ilişki sürecinin en önemli öğelerinden birisidir. Hızlı, kolay ve etkili bir biçimde ilgililere ulaşabilme yeteneği bakımından medya, kamu diplomasisinde önemli bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca internetin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte medya türleri arasına yeni medya dahil olmuştur. Yeni medya kavramıyla, klasik medya anlayışının aksine kamu diplomasisi için çalışmalar yürüten medya anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2015 yılında yayın hayatına başlayan ve TRT’nin İngilizce olarak dünya ülkelerine programlar sunan ilk kanal olma özelliğini taşıyan TRT World Türkiye’nin kamu diplomasisinde rolü bağlamında incelemeye alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada TRT World’ün “kuruluşu, misyon ve vizyonu, gelirleri, organizasyonel şeması, personel istihdamı, izleyici kitlesi, konumu, haber politikaları, TV programları, web sitesi ve sosyal medya hesapları” incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak TRT World’ün dünyaya İngilizce programlar sunan Türkiye’nin kamu diplomasisi politikalarının unsurlarından birisi olduğu ve Türkiye’nin uluslararası yayınlarında destekleyici bir araç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Effect Of Tree Size, Hole Location, And Wetwood Fluxing On Healing Of Injection Wounds In American Elms
Authors: Stack Robert W.
Published: August 2022

Elm trees treated by injeqtion for protection from Dutch elm disease were examined after 22 months. The degree of healing of injection wounds was determined. Injection holes in roots healed faster than those in stems, and with notable exceptions those on smaller trees faster than those on larger trees. There was no relationship between wetwood symptoms on the tree and healing of injection sites.
Tree Growth in Response to Environmental Stresses
Authors: Kozlowski T.T.
Published: August 2022

Shade trees are subjected to a wide variety of environmental stresses which decrease growth and cause injury and mortality. Although trees often are classed as either stressed or unstressed,alltrees are periodically stressed by unfavorable environmental conditions above or below ground, and often both. Exposure of trees to some stresses also predispose them to the effects of other stresses. Healthy trees require adequate supplies and balances of carbohydrates, growth regulating hormones, water, and minerals. Environmental stresses, alone or in combination, reduce tree growth by setting in motion a series of complex physiological events leading to deficiencies of these essential substances. Explaining growth reduction of stressed trees by correlating growth with a single physiological process such as photosynthesis oversimplifies the causal events involved. Examples are given of some of the mechanisms by which drought, high and low temperature, mineral deficiency or excess, and environmental pollutants reduce growth and injure shade trees. Arborists can make important contributions in selecting appropriate species, adequately preparing planting sites, and imposing cultural practices that will minimize exposure of trees to stress factors.
The Short-Term Effect of Simulated Acidic Rainfall on the Formation of Discolored Wood inAcer rubrum
Authors: Tower L. , Shigo A. , Brennan E.
Published: August 2022

Healthy red maple trees growing in the Massabesic Experimental Forest in Main were wounded in June 1982, with a bow saw. Dilute sulfuric acid solutions of pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.8 were dripped into the wounds for 1 hr once a week for 7 weeks. In mid-August the trees were harvested, sectioned, and the amount of discolored wood associated with each wound was measured with a planimeter. Increased acidity did not affect the amount of discoloration that occurred.
Economic Effectiveness of Operational Therapeutic Pruning for Control of Dutch Elm Disease
Authors: Baker F.A. , French D.W.
Published: August 2022

Therapeutic pruning for Dutch elm disease control has not been widely used in Minnesota because of fear of low success, operational difficulties, and difficulty in obtaining funds for such a program. We report a study in which trees were identified for pruning during routine tree inspections, and pruned by contractors. Of 32 pruned trees, 8 have died. Had trees not been pruned, removal costs would have been $5351. The pruning and removal of trees which died subsequently cost $1856. The pruning program reduced the Dutch elm disease program budget in participating communities, and prolonged the life of the pruned elms.
Species Adapted for Street-Tree Environments in Iowa
Authors: Wray Paul , Mize Carl
Published: August 2022

From condition classification of more than 39,000 street trees in Iowa, an analysis is presented of which species seem to be best adapted for street-tree types of environments. Species were also analyzed for change in condition with increasing size and for differences in adaption between the northwestern and southeastern halves of the state.
Prospects for Control of Dutch Elm Disease: Biological Considerations
Authors: Mazzone Horace , Peacock John
Published: August 2022

Dutch elm disease continues to rank as a tree disease of enormous importance. The present report surveys a number of biological approaches which give some measure of control for the fungal pathogen and its beetle vectors. While procedures such as the use of pheromones to trap beetles and the sanitation of dead and dying trees are assessed, newer studies are discussed, such as the search for disease-causing agents in the fungal pathogen and the application of biotechnology to the disease. We review such concepts as an understanding of the pathogenicity genes of the fungus, the transformation of microbes normally associated with beetle vectors so as to become pathogenic to these insects, and the use of biotechnological experiments concerned with the elm.
Change In Street-Tree Composition Of Two Urbana, Illinois Neighborhoods After Fifty Years: 1932-1982
Authors: Dawson Jeffrey O. , Khawaja Mushtaq A.
Published: August 2022

Street-tree inventories from 1932 and 1982 for two Urbana, Illinois neighborhoods were compared. Tree species with the greatest, total stem basal areas at breast height in 1932 were American and red elms(Ulmus americanaandUlmus rubra), eastern cottonwood(Populus deltoides),silver maple (Acer saccharinum), and sugar maple(Acer sac-charum).Tree species in the two neighborhoods with the greatest total basal areas in 1982 were silver maple, sugar maple, sycamore((Ptatanus occidentalis),and hackberry (Ceff/soccidentalis).Trees that survived the fifty years included 24 silver maples, 24 sugar maples, 9 sycamores, and 8 hackberries. There were fewer but larger trees in these two Urbana neighborhoods after fifty years. The total basal area of trees decreased only 12% while the total number of trees decreased by 41%. Dominance of American and red elms along streets in these neighborhoods changed after fifty years to a more uniform distribution of basal areas and a greater variety of tree species. Between 1932 and 1982 Dutch elm disease, urban development, varying growth and mortality patterns of tree species, and changes in selections of tree species for planting probably resulted in the dramatic change in street-tree composition that occurred.
Center-Right Parties and Post-War Secondary Education
Authors: Giudici Anja , Gingrich Jane , Chevalier Tom , Haslberger Matthias
Published: August 2022

The massification of secondary schooling constitutes the key educational project of the first post-war period. However, the resulting educational structures differed in terms of streaming and standardization. Despite their historical opposition to such expansion, center-right parties
contributed to shaping these reforms. They generally opposed standardization because their distributive strategy rested on support from elites and middle classes. However, their stance on streaming varied. Centre-right parties supported streaming when they were linked to teachers and private
providers who opposed comprehensive reforms, but supported de-streaming where such groups aligned with the left. This article shows how center-right parties in Bavaria, France, and Italy, with common partisan distributive aims, introduced varied public service reforms following from their
links to different vested producers. It argues that theorizing such reforms requires considering both distributive and productive environments.
Trends in Smart Packaging Technologies for Sustainable Monitoring of Food Quality and Safety
Authors: Kaushani K.G. , Rathnasinghe N. L. , Katuwawila N. , Jayasinghe R.A , Nilmini A.H.L.R. , Priyadarshana G.
Published: August 2022

Food packaging has a significant impact on food preservation, thus prolonging the shelf-life and maintaining sustainable food quality and safety throughout the food supply chain and even during storage. Consumer desire for reliable, sustainable, organic, healthy, and unique products with “clean” labeling has risen as a result of technological advancement. Food packaging innovation is mainly described by the advancement of smart packaging technologies such as active and intelligent packaging. Active packaging is the use of active ingredients in more sustainable packaging materials to expand storability while ensuring product safety and quality. Intelligent packaging systems are developing to become more economical, efficient, and integrated matrices to deliver new packaging ideas that maintain the state of the packed food to deliver information on the product quality during shipping and storage. This review will provide a detailed overview of recent significant advancements and trends in the evolution of smart packaging
Sincerity Is Better Than Forgiveness: What the Transgressor Expects in an Apology
Authors: Takahashi Ryu , Mifune Nobuhiro
Published: August 2022

Reconciliation between individuals in a past conflict occurs in many animals, including humans. In humans, the transgressor’s apology and the victim’s forgiveness are the primary factors that lead to reconciliation and have been the subject of numerous studies. The current study focused on the intentionality of the transgression and the cost of the apology, and asked the participants to estimate whether the presence of those factors from the transgressor’s perspective would promote the victim’s forgiveness following Ohtsubo and Higuchi’s (2022) experimental procedure. The results of a vignette study with 603 Japanese participants showed that the expectations of sincerity and forgiveness were higher when the transgression was not intentional than when it was, and when the apology was more costly than non-costly. However, a significant interaction effect was not found. These results are consistent with previous studies and indicate that intention and apology cost may facilitate the reconciliation process commonly shared between victims and transgressors. Furthermore, exploratory analyses showed the mediational effect of the expectation of sincerity between the costly apology and the expectation of forgiveness. We discussed the implications of the relationship between victims’ perceived sincerity and forgiveness.
A Study of the Management of Student Records in Academic Registrars’ Offices in Kenyan Universities
Authors: Metto Elizabeth , Miriam Mwita , Benson N. Kinuthia
Published: August 2022

This study assessed the management of student records in academic registrars’ offices in Kenyan universities. A descriptive survey design was adopted in carrying out the study. The study targeted 49 chartered private and public universities in Kenya. The researcher classified the universities into private and public, and further, into two sets; those in the western region and eastern region of Kenya. The researcher then purposively chose in each region the youngest and the oldest public universities and similarly private universities. Questionnaire was used in the collection of data. The findings show that were clear ways of storing students’ records.  However, the adoption of electronic records management was fifty-fifty. Though most of the universities had some form of electronic document use, some had not fully embraced electronic records management. The major challenges encountered were information breakdown from the registry, problems with credit control among others. The following recommendations were made based on the findings of this study; academic registrar’s office need to have a clear policy explaining the “who, where, when and what” of records management; there is need to avail adequate finance for record management processes starting from record creation, storage, communication and retrieval as well as disposal; right equipment such as cabinets, safes, locks, fire-extinguishers, trolleys, etc. should be procured; the university should develop and constantly upgrade recommended record management systems with extensive server capabilities to meet the needs of all students and other users; and members of staff should also be periodically trained to strengthen their capacity to handle the changing demands of record management as most of it migrates online.
Quantifying biological carbon pump pathways with a data-constrained mechanistic model ensemble approach
Authors: Stukel Michael R. , Décima Moira , Landry Michael R.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The ability to constrain the mechanisms that transport organic
carbon into the deep ocean is complicated by the multiple physical,
chemical, and ecological processes that intersect to create, transform, and
transport particles in the ocean. In this paper we develop and
parameterize a data-assimilative model of the multiple pathways of the
biological carbon pump (NEMUROBCP). The mechanistic model is designed
to represent sinking particle flux, active transport by vertically migrating
zooplankton, and passive transport by subduction and vertical mixing, while
also explicitly representing multiple biological and chemical properties
measured directly in the field (including nutrients, phytoplankton and
zooplankton taxa, carbon dioxide and oxygen, nitrogen isotopes, and
234Thorium). Using 30 different data types (including standing stock
and rate measurements related to nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and
non-living organic matter) from Lagrangian experiments conducted on 11
cruises from four ocean regions, we conduct an objective statistical
parameterization of the model and generate 1 million different potential
parameter sets that are used for ensemble model simulations. The model
simulates in situ parameters that were assimilated (net primary production
and gravitational particle flux) and parameters that were withheld
(234Thorium and nitrogen isotopes) with reasonable accuracy. Model
results show that gravitational flux of sinking particles and vertical
mixing of organic matter from the euphotic zone are more important
biological pump pathways than active transport by vertically migrating
zooplankton. However, these processes are regionally variable, with sinking
particles most important in oligotrophic areas of the Gulf of Mexico and
California Current, sinking particles and vertical mixing roughly equivalent
in productive coastal upwelling regions and the subtropical front in the
Southern Ocean, and active transport an important contributor in the eastern
tropical Pacific. We further find that mortality at depth is an important
component of active transport when mesozooplankton biomass is high, but it
is negligible in regions with low mesozooplankton biomass. Our results also
highlight the high degree of uncertainty, particularly amongst
mesozooplankton functional groups, that is derived from uncertainty in model
parameters. Indeed, variability in BCP pathways between simulations for a
specific location using different parameter sets (all with approximately
equal misfit relative to observations) is comparable to variability in BCP
pathways between regions. We discuss the implications of these results for
other data-assimilation approaches and for studies that rely on non-ensemble
model outputs.
Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of methylmercury biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation in the Mediterranean Sea with a coupled 3D model
Authors: Rosati Ginevra , Canu Donata , Lazzari Paolo , Solidoro Cosimo
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Human exposure to mercury (Hg) is a cause of concern, due
to the biomagnification of the neurotoxic species monomethylmercury (MMHg)
in marine ecosystems. Previous research revealed that commercial fish
species in the Mediterranean Sea ecosystems are particularly enriched in Hg,
due to a combination of physical and ecological factors. Since the fate of
Hg depends on the interactions among several biogeochemical and physical
drivers, biogeochemical modeling is crucial to support the integration and
interpretation of field data. Here, we develop and apply a coupled
transport–biogeochemical–metal bioaccumulation numerical model
(OGSTM–BFM–Hg) to simulate the biogeochemical cycling of the main Hg
species (HgII, Hg0, MMHg, and DMHg) in seawater, organic detritus,
and through the planktonic food web. The model is applied to a 3D domain of
the Mediterranean Sea to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of
methylmercury (MeHg) distribution and bioaccumulation and major uncertainties in Hg cycling.
Model results reproduce the strong vertical and zonal gradients of MeHg
concentrations related to primary production consistently with the
observations and highlight the role of winter deep convection and summer
water stratification in shaping the MeHg vertical distribution, including
subsurface MeHg maximum. The modeled bioaccumulation dynamics in plankton
food webs are characterized by a high spatial and temporal variability that
is driven by plankton phenology and is consistent with available field data
of Hg concentrations in plankton, as well as with other indicators, such as
bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and trophic magnification factors (TMFs).
Model results pointed out that the increment in water temperature linked to
a decline of deep convection can cause an increase in water MeHg
concentrations with cascading effects on plankton exposure and
bioaccumulation.
ESD Ideas: planetary antifragility: a new dimension in the definition of the safe operating space for humanity
Authors: López-Corona Oliver , Kolb Melanie , Ramírez-Carrillo Elvia , Lovett Jon
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Combining well-established non-equilibrium thermodynamic principles and a system dynamics approach, we define, for the first time, the concept of
planetary antifragility as changes of Fisher information of Earth's entropy production. As a first approximation for entropy production, we propose
using shortwave global albedo anomalies and provide a first quantitative example with data for the July months in the Northern Hemisphere from 1982
to 2010. These preliminary results show a net reduction of 47.63 % in albedo's Fisher information. This loss of antifragility implies a
compounding problem because human perturbations such as climate or land-use changes are increasing, but at the same time, the planet is losing its
capacity to respond to them. We discuss the concept of antifragility in the context of safe operating space for humanity and planetary
boundaries. We conclude that not only does interaction among state variables of the boundaries matter, but more importantly the perturbation
response capacity dimension is also missing. In conclusion we speculate on improving the operational definition for ecosystems.
A new snow depth data set over northern China derived using GNSS interferometric reflectometry from a continuously operating network (GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 2013–2022)
Authors: Wan Wei , Zhang Jie , Dai Liyun , Liang Hong , Yang Ting , Liu Baojian , Guo Zhizhou , Hu Heng , Zhao Limin
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The currently available long-term snow depth data sets are either
from point-scale ground measurements or from gridded
satellite/modeled/reanalysis data with coarse spatial resolution, which
limits the applications in climate models, hydrological models, and regional
snow disaster monitoring. Benefitting from its unique advantages of
cost-effective and high spatiotemporal resolution (∼ 1000 m2, hourly in theory), snow depth retrieval using the Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique has
become a popular topic in recent years. However, due to complex
environmental and observation conditions, developing robust and operational
technology to produce long-term snow depth data sets using observations from
various GNSS station networks is still challenging. The two objectives of
this study are (1) to propose a comprehensive framework using raw data of the
complex GNSS station networks to retrieve snow depth and control its
quality automatically; and (2) to produce a long-term snow depth data set
over northern China (i.e., GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 12 h or 24 h, 2013–2022) using the
proposed framework and historical data from 80 stations. The data set has
high internal consistency with regards to different GNSS constellations
(mean r=0.98, RMSD = 0.99 cm, and nRMSD (snow depth > 5 cm)
= 0.11), different frequency bands (mean r = 0.97, RMSD = 1.46 cm, and
nRMSD (snow depth > 5 cm) = 0.16), and different GNSS receivers
(mean r = 0.62). The data set also has high external consistency with the
in situ measurements and the passive microwave (PMW) product, with a
consistent illustration of the interannual snow depth variability. Additionally, the
result show the potential of GNSS to derive hourly snow depth
observations for better monitoring of snow disasters. The proposed framework to
develop the data set provides comprehensive and supportive information for
users to process raw data of ground GNSS stations with complex environmental
conditions and various observation conditions. The resulting GSnow-CHINA
v1.0 data set is distinguished from the current point-scale in situ data or
coarse-gridded data, which can be used as an independent data source for
validation purposes. The data set is also useful for regional climate
research and other meteorological and hydrological applications. The
algorithm and data files will be maintained and updated as more data
become available in the future. The GSnow-CHINA v1.0 data set is available
at the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center via
https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.271839 (Wan et al., 2021).
MIdASv0.2.1 – MultI-scale bias AdjuStment
Authors: Berg Peter , Bosshard Thomas , Yang Wei , Zimmermann Klaus
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Bias adjustment is the practice of statistically transforming climate model data in order to reduce systematic deviations from a reference data set, typically some sort of observations.
There are numerous proposed methodologies to perform the adjustments – ranging from simple scaling approaches to advanced multi-variate distribution-based mapping.
In practice, the actual bias adjustment method is a small step in the application, and most of the processing handles reading, writing, and linking different data sets.
These practical processing steps become especially heavy with increasing model domain size and resolution in both time and space.
Here, we present a new implementation platform for bias adjustment, which we call MIdAS (MultI-scale bias AdjuStment).
MIdAS is a modern code implementation that supports features such as modern Python libraries that allow efficient processing of large data sets at computing clusters, state-of-the-art bias adjustment methods based on quantile mapping, and “day-of-year-based” adjustments to avoid artificial discontinuities, and it also introduces cascade adjustment in time and space.
The MIdAS platform has been set up such that it will continually support development of methods aimed towards higher-resolution climate model data, explicitly targeting cases where there is a scale mismatch between data sets.
The paper presents a comparison of different quantile-mapping-based bias adjustment methods and the subsequently chosen code implementation for MIdAS.
A current recommended setup of the MIdAS bias adjustment is presented and evaluated in a pseudo-reference setup for regions around the world.
Special focus is put on preservation of trends in future climate projections, and it is shown that the cascade adjustments perform better than the standard quantile mapping implementations and are often similar to methods that explicitly preserve trends.
Why our rainfall-runoff models keep underestimating the peak flows?
Authors: Bárdossy András , Anwar Faizan
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In this paper the question of how interpolation of precipitation in space by using various spatial gauge densities affects the rainfall-runoff model discharge if all other input variables are kept constant is investigated. This was done using a physically-based model as the reference with a reconstructed spatially variable precipitation and a conceptual model calibrated to match the reference model output. Both models were run with distributed and lumped inputs. Results showed that all considered interpolation methods resulted in underestimation of the total precipitation volume and that the underestimation was directly proportional to the amount. The underestimation was very severe for low observation densities and disappeared only for very high density precipitation observation networks. This result was confirmed by using observed precipitation with different observation densities. Model runoffs showed worse performance for their highest discharges. Using lumped inputs for the models showed deteriorating performance for peak flows as well even when using simulated precipitation.
AN OPEN-SOURCE MOBILE GEOSPATIAL PLATFORM FOR AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE MAPPING: A CASE STUDY OF WALL-TO-WALL FARM SYSTEMS MAPPING IN TONGA
Authors: Duncan J. , Davies K. P. , Saipai A. , Vainikolo L. , Wales N. , Varea R. , Bruce E. , Boruff B.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Pacific Island Countries (PICs) such as Tonga rely on services provided by agricultural landscapes to support livelihoods, economic activity, and food security. At the same time these landscapes face numerous pressures and risks from factors such as environmental, climate, and market changes. Accurate, spatially explicit, and timely datasets on agricultural systems is required for an array of land and agricultural management tasks. Here, the development of an open-source ICT system providing geospatial tools for landscape monitoring, developed in collaboration between geospatial researchers and Tonga’s Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Forests (MAFF), is presented. The agile and iterative ICT for Development (ICT4D) framework used to elicit MAFF’s requirements for the ICT system is presented alongside the system architecture and case studies demonstrating its impact. A key goal of the ICT4D development process was to develop an ICT system to support MAFF from transitioning from infrequent, paper-based farm surveys to coordinated, large-team, spatially explicit digital surveying augmented by tools for analysis and reporting. The mature system architecture which includes QField and QFieldCloud, and new open-source geospatial components for spatial visualisation, analysis, and reporting is presented. Case studies where the mature tool was used by MAFF’s are presented and include: (1) how a large survey team captured spatial data for >11,000 farms for country-wide farm monitoring; and (2) how the tool informed MAFF’s landscape decision making including recovery efforts after the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano explosion. The success of the tool demonstrates the importance of stakeholder engagement and the great potential for open-source geospatial tools for landscape management and disaster response in PICs.
EFFICIENT THREE-DIMENSIONAL SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND THEIR COMPARISON IN OPEN SOFTWARE IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEST SITE OF "NINFEO MAGGIORE" AND "NINFEO MINORE" OF FORMIA (LATINA, ITALY)
Authors: Alessandri L. , Baiocchi V. , Melandri G. , Monti F. , Canu A. , Ruzzi L. , Servodio G.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In Europe and beyond, the cultural and archaeological heritage may have considerable extensions of hundreds of square metres if not kilometres. It is then necessary to study highly efficient techniques able , at the same time, to maintain centimetric accuracy. In these contexts, the SLAM technique can be an efficient solution. We tested the latter in a survey of a portion of the so-called Roman Villa of Caposele, also known as Villa Rubino in Formia, (Italy): the “Ninfeo Maggiore” and “Ninfeo Minore” (Major and Minor nymphaeum). The two structures had to be surveyed for both conservation and study purposes and to allow a virtual visit, which is particularly important since they are located inside a private property. The structure is complex, with a succession of rooms and environments in an archaeological complex extending approximately 480 metres in an east-west direction and approximately 50 metres in a south-north direction. We decided to survey both nymphaea with the “GEOSLAM Zeb Horizon”, also surveying all the internal connecting rooms and corridors between them. Both nymphaea were also surveyed with a “Faro” terrestrial laser scanning, to allow comparison. To verify the validity of the SLAM on the outside, a survey was carried out using a DJI Matrix drone with laser scanning. The comparison showed very limited deviations whose statistical validation is in progress, demonstrating that the SLAM technique can advantageously be used in such vast archaeological complexes where the efficiency and completeness of the survey is more important than the millimetric accuracy.
THE ROLE OF OPEN STANDARDS IN DIGITAL BUILDING PERMITTING, 3D REGISTRATION OF CONDOMINIUM, AND UPDATE OF 3D CITY MODELS
Authors: Guler D. , Yomralioglu T.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Digitalization is being adopted in many public services to increase the efficiencies of the required operations. Regarding this, there is an important interest in digitalizing the current building permit procedures since most of the buildings are designed digitally and as three-dimensional (3D). In addition, several countries are making an effort to realize the transition from two-dimensional (2D) cadastre to 3D cadastre. This is because 2D delineation of the legal rights may remain incapable to reflect the reality with respect to property ownership in multipartite buildings. The 3D city models should also be kept updated to effectively manage the occasions (e.g., natural disasters) and services (e.g., waterworks) in the living areas. In this sense, the open data standards (e.g., CityGML and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)) have a vital role to enable interoperability between different domains such as Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) and Land Administration (LA). In this context, this paper aims to show the current situation and opportunities on how to efficaciously benefit from open data standards for three significant issues. The issues can be listed as, 1) digitalizing the building permit procedures, 2) registering the condominium as 3D, and 3) updating the 3D city models. The examination in the paper concerns the cases for Turkey.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY DATABASE BASED MASSIVE SATELLITE INFORMATION PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM: KIWI-SAT
Authors: Han S. , Han J. , Choi Y. , Lee S. , Kim M. , Lee S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Information and communication technology (ICT) is mainly applied to finance, telecommunications, and public sectors. However, since the early 2010s, there have been efforts to apply ICT to various fields such as aerospace, life science, energy, and automobiles. Recently, artificial intelligence and big data technologies have also been applied in the aerospace field, among others. In the field of aerospace, earth observation attracts the most interest.One reason earth observation attracts such interest is that the availability of a satellite constellation allows more frequent observations of objects of interest. Another reason is the improvement of technologies that can process massive satellite images such as data cubes for urban change detection, disaster monitoring, and traffic analysis. When performing earth observation using satellite images, it is necessary to process a large amount of satellite information in real-time and analyze satellite images with artificial intelligence. Such research is continuing in various ways. The field of interest in this study is the processing technology for storing and retrieving large volumes of satellite images. Rasdaman and SciDB were two available open-source software applications.In this paper, KIWI-Sat, which processes and analyzes a large amount of satellite imagery, mainly described and also show two KIWI-Sat demos with AI algorithms that are developed for Korean satellite images in KARI, one is super resolution algorithm of K3 and the other is water segmentation algorithm of K5, SAR satellite image.
VOXEL-BASED POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION AND BUILDING DETECTION
Authors: Hrutka B. P. , Siki Z. , Takács B.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In the recent years, point cloud technologies, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), Aerial Laser Scanners (ALS), let alone Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS), have come into the focus of attention and have been a subject of considerable public concern in mapping. Thanks to these new techniques, experts can survey large areas with sufficient and homogenous accuracy with high resolution. It comes from this that there are several areas where the point clouds can be used. One of the possible applications of point clouds is updating land registry maps. Many countries worldwide face the issue that a significant part of their large-scale land registry maps are outdated and inaccurate. One of these countries is Hungary, where more than eighty percent of digital cadastre maps were digitised using analogous maps in a scale range of 1:1000 – 1:4000. In this paper, a novel processing queue is presented to find the footprints of the building. Our solution is based on primarily well-known algorithms (RANSAC, DBSCAN) implemented in open-source Python packages. An automated flow was developed, composed of simple processing steps, to cut the point cloud into wall and roof segments and vectorise the wall points under roofs into building footprints. The algorithms and Python programs were tested in villages where detached houses are typical. Tests were made on three study areas in Hungary and we achieved well-promising results.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MANAGEMENT OF WASTE FROM LARGE EXCAVATIONS DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDINGS
Authors: Licciardello C. , Di Marco A. , Ranfagni L.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Large infrastructure building like the Florence Railway Station designed for high-speed rails requires a proper management of the huge quantity of waste originating from excavation activities. Such waste amounts require large areas for disposals, making abandoned areas or exhausted quarries and mines ideal sites for hosting the excavated wastes.A rectangular area of 500×70m delimiting the railway station has been excavated in two steps causing the removal of a 10m-thick soil layer per step: excavated earth and rocks would then be used for the environmental restoration of an area of 400×350m located near a former exhausted lignite quarry) in the proximity of the Santa Barbara village near Cavriglia (Arezzo).The Tuscan Regional Environmental Agency (ARPAT) have been involved in monitoring both the terrain transportation and disposals’ operations according to the approved management plan: the Environmental Regional Information System Office (SIRA) was asked to evaluate volume balancing between all the waste management cycle, with included: (a) waste extraction from railway station site building, and (b) waste disposal final destination (exhausted Santa Barbara lignite quarry).Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Simultaneous Localization and Mapping System (SLAM) systems and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) surveys have been used to track earth and rocks excavation and disposal activities in the aforementioned sites: while RPAS systems cannot be used in underground site surveys, their usage must be recommended in open space surveys due to the ese of use if sub-centimetric precisions are not required.Multiple TLS scans alignment can result in a quite challenging task if automatic alignment software is not available, requiring manual rough alignment’s operations that can be very time consuming: two open-source solutions based on different algorithms have been evaluated.The selected survey technologies – RPAS, TLS, SLAM – have shown a great potential in earth and rocks monitoring: each technology has its own strengths and weakness, which can vary on the basis of both hardware and software technical progresses.
AN OPEN-SOURCE-BASED WORKFLOW FOR DEM GENERATION FROM SENTINEL-1 FOR LANDSLIDE VOLUME ESTIMATION
Authors: Abad L. , Hölbling D. , Dabiri Z. , Robson B. A.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Digital elevation models (DEMs) serve as a basis for various geomorphological applications, such as, landform mapping, natural hazard assessment, and landslide characterisation. The inter-comparison of DEMs can be used to provide estimates of topographic change, for example, volume changes. Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data can be used to generate multitemporal topographic datasets using interferometric SAR (InSAR). Such analyses are often conducted using commercial software; however, a well-structured workflow based on free and open-source software (FOSS) increases the applicability and transferability of the DEM generation method and can facilitate the use of multi-temporal topographic analysis within the Earth Sciences. In this study, we aim to develop an open-source-based workflow for the generation of multi-temporal DEMs from Sentinel-1 data, and to explore their potential for landslide volume estimation using FOSS. We implemented this semi-automated and transferable workflow bundled in the open-source Python package “SliDEM”, which relies on SNAP, SNAPHU, and several other open-source software for geospatial and geomorphological applications, all distributed within a Docker image. Two major landslides in Austria and Norway were selected to test, evaluate, and validate the workflow in terms of reliability, performance, reproducibility, and transferability. Even if the quality of the Sentinel-1-based DEMs varies among the study areas, the preliminary results are promising. However, there is a need for improvement and thorough analysis of the causes of elevation errors. A comprehensive evaluation of the influence of the perpendicular and temporal baselines, topography, land use/land cover, and other environmental conditions can be systematically assessed within the “SliDEM” workflow.
FIRE PLANNING OF URBAN-RURAL INTERFACE IN OPEN SOURCE GIS ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDY OF THE APULIA REGION (SOUTHERN ITALY)
Authors: Cillis G. , Lanorte A. , Nolè G. , Santarsiero V. , Ronco F.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Fires represent one of main challenges of the last decades as global changes are causing an increase in economic and environmental damages. Indeed, just in 2017, more than 10,000 km2 of land were burned in Europe, causing significant damage to both the natural heritage (25% of burned areas were part of Natura 2000 protected areas) and the economy with estimated losses around 10 billion euros. In addition, every year there are losses of human life that make even more necessary new strategies of action and monitoring. Therefore, an efficient management of forecasting, prevention, active fight and post fire phases, is essential to make the territories less vulnerable and reduce the impacts on human lives. But these steps require an integrated approach of different tools in order to make faster and more efficient the different operations. In this context, the study illustrates the expeditious and standardized methodologies in open source GIS environment proposed in a research project with the Civil Protection of Apulia Region in order to implement a vulnerability index to improve operations in forecasting, emergency management in real-near time and post-event analysis in urban-rural interface. All the techniques and methodologies proposed were based on the use of QGIS software as it is a highly user friendly software that can be easily used even by non-specialized technicians. Moreover, the methodologies have been validated through a direct comparison with the tools currently in use in Civil Protection Department of Apulia Region.
Understanding the role of size limits in optimal fisheries management
Authors:   , Brown Kaitlyn
Published: August 2022

This thesis examines the optimality of size limit regulations in fisheries management using dynamical systems theory and mathematical optimisation. Analytical analysis of the proposed model reveals that the solution is confined to the boundary of the solution space. The findings show that a common approach to fisheries management (maximum- and minimum-size limits) are an optimal solution to an age structured model of a fishery.