bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of inpatient psychotherapy for major depressive disorder: a meta‐analysis of controlled trials
Authors: Schefft C. , Guhn A. , Brakemeier E.‐L. , Sterzer P. , Köhler S.
Published: December 2018

Objective

This meta‐analysis investigates the efficacy of inpatient psychotherapy in major depressive disorders compared to control conditions.

Methods

In total, 14 studies were entered into the meta‐analysis with a total of 1.080 patients. Primary outcome was the standardized mean differences in self‐rated depression outcomes. A priori planned subgroup analyses included the influence of different control conditions: (a) no psychiatric inpatient treatment (e.g., waitlist control), (b) treatment as usual (TAU; e.g., non‐manualized clinical management), (c) TAU determined by study design (manualized/’placebo’ control condition), as well as number of sessions and influence of self‐ vs. clinician ratings.

Results

The meta‐analysis of 19 available comparisons resulted in a moderate pooled effect size showing a small and statistically significant benefit of the psychotherapeutic intervention over control conditions (g = 0.24, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%). This corresponds to a number needed to treat of 7.4. The effects of the interventions were stable over 12‐month follow‐up (g = 0.21, P < 0.01, I2 = 30%). Comparisons with waitlist or non‐standardized control treatments tended to be associated with larger effect sizes than standardized control treatments.

Conclusions

Despite some limitations (small number of studies), this meta‐analysis provides evidence for a small but sustained effect of inpatient psychotherapy in patients with major depressive disorders.
Power Sharing: Institutions, Behavior, and Peace
Authors: Bormann Nils‐Christian , Cederman Lars‐Erik , Gates Scott , Graham Benjamin A. T. , Hug Simon , Strøm Kaare W. , Wucherpfennig Julian
Published: December 2018

Grievances that derive from the unequal treatment of ethnic groups are a key motivation for civil war. Ethnic power sharing should therefore reduce the risk of internal conflict. Yet conflict researchers disagree on whether formal power‐sharing institutions effectively prevent large‐scale violence. We can improve our understanding of the effect of power‐sharing institutions by analyzing the mechanisms under which they operate. To this effect, we compare the direct effect of formal power‐sharing institutions on peace with their indirect effect through power‐sharing behavior. Combining data on inclusive and territorially dispersive institutions with information on power‐sharing behavior, we empirically assess this relationship on a global scale. Our causal mediation analysis reveals that formal power‐sharing institutions affect the probability of ethnic conflict onset mostly through power‐sharing behavior that these institutions induce.
Anaphylaxis to intravenous gelatin‐based solutions: a case series examining clinical features and severity
Authors: Farooque S. , Kenny M. , Marshall S. D.
Published: December 2018

The proportion of patients receiving intravenous gelatin‐based colloids has increased in the last decade due to safety concerns about starch‐based products. Recent research suggests hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous gelatin‐based solutions occur at similar rates per administration as non‐depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents such as rocuronium (6.2/100,000 administrations). There are scant published data on clinical features, diagnosis and time course of these reactions. We undertook a review of cases reported and tested at one of the UK's largest drug allergy clinics. All patients seen in the drug allergy clinic at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (London, UK) with a confirmed diagnosis of anaphylaxis to gelatin‐based solutions between May 2013 and May 2018 were included. We retrospectively reviewed clinical histories, skin test results and severity of reactions in this cohort of patients. Twelve patients with anaphylaxis to gelatin‐based solutions were identified (eight women, mean (SD) age 58 (17) years). Eleven reactions were severe or life‐threatening with three progressing to cardiac arrest. Presentation was commonly delayed; only three patients suffered reactions within 5 min of the solution being administered with a further six presenting 10–70 min later. Where measured, tryptase was elevated in all patients (median (IQR [range]) 14.7 (8.2–23.8 [6.5–83.4]) ng.ml−1). Reactions to gelatin‐based solutions are usually severe and can present with latency uncommon with other intravenous anaesthetic triggers. The use of gelatin‐based solutions in the peri‐operative setting should be re‐assessed given the risk of severe allergy.
Islands of enclavisation: Eco‐cultural island tourism and the relational geographies of near‐shore islands
Authors: Hong Gang
Published: December 2018

Eco‐cultural island tourism is a global phenomenon. Accordingly, island studies has engaged with it through a variety of approaches, including relational geography perspectives. However, prevalent relational island studies theories tend to be based on remote, peripheralised archipelagos or urban island power centres and may thus be inappropriate for certain kinds of small, near‐shore islands. This paper uses a case study of Qi'ao, Zhuhai, China to argue that such islands may function as enclaves within mainland societies rather than enclaves for mainland societies, rooted in a number of interrelated geographical imaginaries. These imaginaries consolidate Qi'ao's present identity as an urban enclave against industrialisation and the collective intuition of historical discontinuity. It is also argued that, despite its many utilitarian benefits, the model of enclavising small, near‐shore islands for tourism begs an ethical question: for whom do these islands serve as enclaves? In response, I call for a new theorisation of small, near‐shore island relationality that considers some islands’ roles within, rather than simply external to, mainland societies.
Antibiotic allergy labels in hospitalized and critically ill adults: A review of current impacts of inaccurate labelling
Authors: Moran Rebekah , Devchand Misha , Smibert Olivia , Trubiano Jason A.
Published: December 2018

Antibiotic allergy labels (AALs) are reported by approximately 20% of hospitalized patients, yet over 85% will be negative on formal allergy testing. Hospitalized patients with an AAL have inferior patient outcomes, increased colonization with multidrug‐resistant organisms and frequently receive inappropriate antimicrobials. Hospitalized populations have been well studied but, to date, the impact of AALs on patients with critical illness remains less well defined. We review the prevalence and impact of AALs on hospitalized patients, including those in in critical care.
Revisiting CLEC12A as leukaemic stem cell marker in AML: highlighting the necessity of precision diagnostics in patients eligible for targeted therapy
Authors: Bill Marie , Aggerholm Anni , Kjeldsen Eigil , Roug Anne S. , Hokland Peter , Nederby Line
Published: December 2018

Targeted therapy directed against rare disease‐propagating leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) is a promising prospect for improving the outcome of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. Thus, distinguishing LSCs from normal haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is essential. The CLEC12A receptor has been proposed as a specific marker of LSCs, and consequently as an appealing treatment target. To explore the role of CLEC12A in further detail, we investigated whether a sorting strategy based on the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase and CLEC12A expression could separate residual normal HSPCs from LSCs in bone marrow from 5 AML patients. We demonstrate that this distinction was possible in 2/5 cases, however with evidence of pre‐leukaemic mutations in the CLEC12A‐ stem cells in one case. In contrast, cytogenetic and/or molecular aberrations were detected in both the CLEC12A+/− cell subsets in 3/5 AML cases studied. Furthermore, targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) of the sorted cell subsets revealed a pronounced clonal heterogeneity in the CLEC12A‐ cells suggestive of the leukaemia often originating in this immature cell subset. In conclusion, we provide proof‐of‐concept that precision diagnostics employing targeted cytogenetic/NGS‐based analyses on highly purified cell subsets could be a powerful tool for selecting patients eligible for LSC‐directed therapy.
Full‐arch implant‐supported rehabilitations: A prospective study comparing porcelain‐veneered zirconia frameworks to monolithic zirconia
Authors: Caramês João , Marques Duarte , Malta Barbosa João , Moreira André , Crispim Pedro , Chen André
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of two types of zirconia frameworks.

Material and Methods

From 2014 to 2016, in a prospective clinical trial, 150 patients were rehabilitated with 83 and 110 implant‐supported, screw‐retained, full‐arch ceramic‐veneered zirconia (PVZ) rehabilitations and monolithic zirconia with porcelain veneering limited to buccal (MZ) rehabilitations, respectively. Patients were consecutively enlisted according to pre‐defined inclusion criteria and evaluated on 4 months intervals. A Kaplan–Meier estimator was adopted, and the log‐rank test and Wilcoxon test used to test differences in survival and successful function in the two different groups.

Results

The average follow‐up time (±SD) and implant success rate was 608.80 ± 172.52 days with 99.53% implant success for the PVZ group and 552.63 ± 197.57 days with 99.83% success for the MZ group. According to the Kaplan–Meier estimator, the mean cumulative survival rate at the 2‐year follow‐up for framework fracture, major chipping, minor chipping, or any of the former combined to occur was 0.99, 0.95, 0.93 and 0.85 for the PVZ group (n = 18) and 0.99, 0.95, 0.95 and 0.89 for the MZ group (n = 15). No significant differences were found between the two groups.

Conclusions

Results suggest zirconia as a suitable material for frameworks in full‐arch implant‐supported rehabilitations. Both groups presented a low incidence of technical complications. When comparing the two different designs, the MZ group presented a lower technical complication rate, thus presenting itself as a viable alternative for full‐arch implant‐supported rehabilitations. Further clinical studies with longer follow‐ups (5 years) should be performed to evaluate the long‐term stability of such rehabilitations.
Perceptions and experiences of patients following treatment with single‐implant mandibular overdentures: A qualitative study
Authors: Nogueira Túlio Eduardo , Dias Danilo Rocha , Rios Laís Ferreira , Silva Ana Luiza Mustafé , Jordão Lidia Moraes Ribeiro , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study aimed to explore the perceptions and long‐term experiences of edentulous patients rehabilitated with single‐implant mandibular overdentures (SIMO).

Methods

Thirteen participants, mean age 65.7 years, 69.2% women, who had had their treatment completed for at least 1 year, were invited and included in the study. Focus groups including four to five participants each were conducted, audio and video recorded and transcribed verbatim. Subsequently, the transcripts were analysed according to the principles of thematic analysis.

Results

Four major themes emerged as follows: before decision to undergo treatment with SIMO, implant surgery experience, perception of treatment outcomes and impressions about the care received. Lack of information, cost, comorbidities, older age and fear were initial barriers to the decision for treatment. Dissatisfaction with previous treatment and a sense of opportunity motivated the decision. There were ambivalent reports of absence of pain during surgery and discomfort during anaesthesia. Post‐surgical recovery exceeded the pre‐surgical negative expectations in most cases. There was a tendency for a positive impact of SIMO on the patients’ quality of life, comprising improved ability to chew and communicate, dietary diversification, greater comfort and safety, increased self‐confidence and social interaction. Few minor inconveniences were reported such as the feeling of insecurity after an episode of denture fracture and the need to use adhesive paste. Satisfaction with the care received and the trust in the dentist and dental team were evident.

Conclusion

In general, participants presented positive perceptions and rewarding experiences after rehabilitation with SIMO.
Going against the grain
Authors: Hannan Shauna
Published: December 2018

The following creative non‐fiction essay describes the author's process of building her own casket as a gift to her family. In addition to being a practical piece of furniture for the time being (presently serving as a bookshelf), the casket has been a popular conversation piece and teaching tool. Even more, it is a regular reminder of mortality and, therefore, a call to live fully and faithfully each day. The essay is a reflective piece prompted by the casket itself.
Emanuel AME Church: Christianity as resistance
Authors: Williams Reggie L.
Published: December 2018

The struggle against white supremacy in the United States is a battle with deadly forces deep within the heart of the nation. For many caught within the crosshairs of those forces, the struggle also becomes a theological problem of evil that includes deep divisions over the role of the black church in the conflict. The terrorist act that took the lives of nine church members during a Wednesday evening Bible study at Mother Emanuel AME Church in South Carolina, in June of 2015, placed the struggle before us in high definition, and also demonstrated the historical role of black Christian worship in the face of white racist Christianity. The black church inspires life‐giving alternatives to the death‐dealing work of racism within a nation that is religiously, and politically, devoted to white supremacy.
Interreligious hospitality: Reflections on death and eschatology
Authors: Wirén Jakob
Published: December 2018

Is there an interreligious potential in the way we approach death and eschatology? Christian eschatology often suggests a unity that puts an end to religious otherness. It is difficult to find explicit, appreciative statements of any kind of otherness in many eschatologies. Given this situation, how can a Christian eschatology articulate hospitality and room for the religious Other as other? And what potential is there in the eschatological image of heavenly banquet?
Fault lines in the graveyard: The contested nature of green burial
Authors: Stewart Benjamin M.
Published: December 2018

The natural burial movement is popularly portrayed as the reemergence of simpler death practices and spiritualities. Without denying its ecological simplicity and ritual honesty, this article identifies some complex and emotionally charged tensions that arise in the current practice of natural burial, largely resulting from dissonance with dominant cultural norms. The areas of dissonance explored in this article relate to memorialization in the wild, the naturalness of death itself, and assertions of ecological anthropology.
Predictive factors associated with three years of response to HbA1c goals with exenatide QW or insulin glargine: Post‐hoc analysis of the DURATION‐3 study
Authors: Guerci Bruno , Trautmann Michael E. , Lin Tim , Hardy Elise , Mudaliar Sunder Raj D.
Published: December 2018

This post‐hoc analysis of the DURATION‐3 study aimed to identify factors associated with sustained glycaemic response with exenatide once weekly (QW) or insulin glargine (IG) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Response was defined as achieving treatment target of HbA1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) at Week 26; sustained responders maintained the treatment target for ≥80% of remaining visits, including one during the final 6 months. Of 467 patients, 287 (61.5%) completed 156 weeks of treatment. At Week 26, 175 patients (61.0%) (exenatide QW, n = 95; IG, n = 80) achieved an HbA1c response. At Week 156, 84 of 175 responders (48.0%) had sustained response, with more sustained responders with exenatide QW (22.7% vs 13.9% with IG; P < 0.03). Logistic regression identified three predictors of sustained response: (a) exenatide QW vs IG treatment (odds ratio, 2.584 [95% confidence interval, 1.288‐5.187]; P = 0.0075), (b) lower HbA1c at Week 26 (0.139 [0.053‐0.366]; P < 0.0001), and (c) lower fasting serum glucose at Week 26 (0.693 [0.541‐0.888]; P = 0.0037). A regression model was used to estimate the likelihood of sustained response with either treatment. This analysis provides a helpful tool for predicting sustained response with exenatide QW or IG.
Commencing insulin glargine 100 U/mL therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes: Determinants of achievement of HbA1c goal less than 7.0%
Authors: Owens David R. , Landgraf Wolfgang , Frier Brian M. , Zhang Mei , Home Philip D. , Meneghini Luigi , Bolli Geremia B.
Published: December 2018

Aims

To identify factors associated with achievement of glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) target at 24 weeks after commencing basal insulin therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and methods

Post‐hoc pooled analysis of 16 randomized, treat‐to‐target trials involving individuals with T2DM inadequately controlled with oral anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs (n = 3415) initiated on once‐daily insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100). Clinical outcomes were assessed by HbA1c response at 24 weeks and individuals were classified as “good responders” with HbA1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) or as “poor responders” with HbA1c ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol). Univariable and multivariable stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for attaining HbA1c <7.0%.

Results

Lower levels of baseline HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and post‐prandial plasma glucose (PPG), higher body mass index (BMI), shorter diabetes duration and male sex were associated with a good glycaemic response, but not age or baseline C‐peptide levels. Gla‐100 dose (U/kg) was highest in the poor‐responder group, which had the fewest hypoglycaemia episodes. Univariable analysis for achievement of HbA1c <7.0% confirmed these observations. Multivariable analysis retained baseline HbA1c, body weight, BMI, sex, 2‐hours PPG and diabetes duration as predictors of a good response. Continued use of sulfonylureas, hypoglycaemia and change in body weight were indicative of poor response.

Conclusions

Baseline HbA1c was the strongest determinant for achieving target HbA1c <7.0% by supplementary Gla‐100 therapy, while sex and BMI were also useful indicators. However, age and C‐peptide levels at baseline did not predict glycaemic response to the introduction of basal insulin.
Structural basis for neutralization of cytotoxic abrin by monoclonal antibody D6F10
Authors: Bansia Harsh , Bagaria Shradha , Karande Anjali Anoop , Ramakumar Suryanarayanarao
Published: December 2018

Abrin, an extremely cytotoxic Type II ribosome‐inactivating protein (RIP), is a potential bio‐warfare agent. Abrin A‐chain (ABA) depurinates an adenosine of sarcin‐ricin loop (SRL) from eukaryotic 28S rRNA, thereby arresting protein synthesis and leading to cell death. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) D6F10 is the only known antibody that neutralizes ABA's activity in cell‐free systems as well as abrin's toxicity in vitro and in vivo. However, how binding of mAb D6F10 to abrin interferes with abrin's catalytic activity at ribosome is still poorly understood. To provide structural basis for mAb D6F10‐mediated rescue of ribosome inactivation by abrin, we determined crystal structures of ABA with and without substrate analogs. The structures of ABA‐substrate analogs and ribosome were used in an experiment‐guided computational protocol, to construct the ABA‐Ribosome complex. A homology model of the variable region (Fv) of mAb D6F10 was generated and docked with the apo‐ABA structure to construct the ABA‐D6F10 Fv complex. Structural superposition of ABA common to ABA‐D6F10 Fv and ABA‐Ribosome complexes reveals steric hindrance as the primary mechanism by which mAb D6F10 neutralizes abrin. In contrast to ABA alone, ABA bound to mAb D6F10 is unable to access the SRL on the ribosome owing to steric clashes of mAb D6F10 with the ribosome. Crystal structures of ABA also reveal a catalytic water molecule implicated in hydrolyzing N‐glycosidic bond of the susceptible adenosine by RIPs. Furthermore, our strategy provides structural details of steric hindrance important for neutralization of ricin, another RIP, by mAb 6C2 and hence is of wide applicability.

Enzyme

EC3.2.2.22.

Database

Structural data have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) under the accession numbers 5Z37, 5Z3I, and 5Z3J.
Dermatologic manifestations in end stage renal disease
Authors: Blaha Taryn , Nigwekar Sagar , Combs Sara , Kaw Urvashi , Krishnappa Vinod , Raina Rupesh
Published: December 2018

Skin manifestations are commonly seen in end stage renal disease (ESRD). Skin involvement in this population can be extensive and dramatically worsen quality of life. Close observation of the skin and nails of ESRD patients by clinicians allows for timely diagnosis and treatment, which ultimately improves quality of life and reduces mortality. In this article we focus on the cutaneous changes most commonly seen in ESRD patients. PubMed/Medline database search was done for published literature on skin manifestations in ESRD patients. All the available literature was reviewed and relevant articles were used to discuss about clinical features, pathogenesis, histology and treatment of each skin disorder in ESRD patients. Most commonly encountered skin manifestations in patients with ESRD are pruritus, xerosis, pigmentation changes, nail changes, perforating disorders, calcifying disorders, bullous dermatoses and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Skin manifestations in ESRD can be difficult to treat and multiple comorbidities in this patient population can exacerbate these disorders. Many of the treatment options are experimental with evidence largely derived from the case reports and small clinical trials. More large‐scale trials are needed to firmly establish evidence based treatment guidelines. Prompt evaluation and management of these disorders improve morbidity and quality of life in ESRD patients.
CD8‐positive lymphomatoid papulosis (type D): Some lesions may lack CD30 expression and overlap histologically with mycosis fungoides
Authors: Simo Olivia C. , Warren Simon J. , Mark Lawrence , Hoffmann Kristin , Alomari Ahmed K.
Published: December 2018

Background

CD8+ lymphomatoid papulosis is frequently indistinguishable histopathologically from primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma except for the expression of CD30. However, absent or weak expression of CD30 has been rarely reported in cases of CD8+ LyP.

Objective

We aim to study the clinical and pathologic features of cases of CD8+ LyP with no or minimal expression of CD30.

Material and Methods

We identified all cases of CD8+ LyP diagnosed in our institution over a period of 10 years. Blinded comparison of clinical and histopathologic features of cases with and without CD30 expression was performed.

Results

Among seven cases (four patients) with definitive clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of CD8+ LyP, two cases (29%) had no expression of CD30. These two cases had more prominent epidermotropism, less epidermal ulceration, and less vascular damage relative to cases with CD30 expression and therefore resembled mycosis fungoides and type B LyP. CD5 and CD7 were frequently lost regardless of the CD30 status. Expression of cytotoxic markers was not different between the two groups. In the two cases with lack of CD30 expression, subsequent biopsies showed classic features of CD8+ LyP with strong expression of CD30.

Conclusion

CD8+ LyP with lack of expression of CD30 may have distinct histopathologic features that resemble mycosis fungoides and LyP type B. Clinically, they are indistinguishable from their CD30+ counterparts, signifying the importance of clinical correlation to avoid the erroneous diagnosis of lymphoma. Interval biopsies may be needed to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Rethinking the Ecclesial Mission from a Relational Viewpoint
Authors: Mazzolini Sandra
Published: December 2018

Church is called today to rethink its very identity more from the viewpoint of its relationships than its institutional structures, doctrine, or activities. Analogously, as the nature of the church is essentially missionary, it must rethink its evangelizing mission. This contribution deals with correlated issues. The first part introduces the ecclesiological figure of the church that “goes forth”: as the “community of missionary disciples who take the first step, who are involved and supportive, and bear fruit and rejoice” (see Evangelii Gaudium, 24). This model of church, which can be qualified as responsible, decentralized, inclusive, and dynamic, allows us to link the ecclesiological approach more closely with the anthropological one. In this framework, the second part of the contribution introduces three issues. First is the biblical notion of the imago Dei (image of God) and its implications. At the heart of common dignity lies the fact that each and every person has a trace of affinity with God, who creates and summons everyone into a personal relationship with himself and naturally orients the person to a life of communion. The second issue is the acknowledgement and integration of cultural and religious diversity from a dialogical standpoint. Recognizing the common dignity of human beings entails first acknowledging cultural and religious diversity as an element of the divine project for humankind; and then integrating it into a communal model by promoting and implementing processes of integration and adopting a dialogical methodology. The third issue is theological education and missionary training. Today, the evangelizing mission of church is pushed by the Holy Spirit even closer to the implementation of human relations with God (among human beings and with creation) and to the acknowledgement and integration of diversity in a communal model of church and mission.
Mission and Its Three Pillars
Authors: Simon Benjamin
Published: December 2018

The missionary movement in the 20th century started with the Edinburgh World Missionary Conference in 1910. At that time the aim was to evangelize the world in that generation. Examining the next Conferences on World Mission and Evangelism, especially Willingen (1952), reveals a paradigm shift in the understanding of mission. Mission is not about conversion, but about the three Ts: translation, transmission, and transformation. Since Arusha (2018) it has become even more obvious that mission theology needs to translate the gospel – also figuratively – into different contexts and cultures, including subcultures in our own culture and in secular contexts. It needs to transmit the gospel. Being witnesses of Christ in our world by being able to speak about our own faith is crucial when we consider the Western contexts and the distancing of the younger generation. The third T defining mission is transformation – a far more radical term than we may have wished, as it is about “turning the world upside down” (Acts 17.6). By focusing on these three Ts, mission becomes “a way of life” (Together towards Life 29).
Mission after the Arusha Conference on World Mission and Evangelism, 2018
Authors: Kim Kirsteen
Published: December 2018

Drawing on the overall theme of the Arusha conference – “Moving in the Spirit” – this article uses personal reflections on the event as a starting point for some observations about how mission is moving and about moving forward in mission. Given the strength of Christianity in Africa, we are likely to find that it will strongly influence the mission of the future, so particular attention is paid to the African resources presented at the conference and the heritage of the East African Revival. This contribution addresses five main themes: gender justice and peace; the place of mission in the World Council of Churches (WCC); resistance to racism and marginalization; the ecclesiological implications of globalization; and renewal movements. The article sees promise in the theme of “transforming discipleship” as it arises from the WCC statement on mission and evangelism: Together towards Life (2013).
Discipleship in Creative (Un)Certainty
Authors: Jahnel Claudia
Published: December 2018

The theme of the World Mission Conference 2018 brings together theological terms that do not link with each other easily: mission under the main agency of the Spirit of God, transforming discipleship that involves human participation in God’s mission, and, last but not least, mission from the margins. The article highlights some marks that this tension has left on the conference in Arusha and especially on the final declaration of the mission conference, “The Arusha Call to Discipleship,” and notes an apparent move to a new “messianic” understanding of mission. This article suggests that this understanding presents a one‐sided interpretation of mission and strongly contrasts the idea developed in the last decades that the Holy Spirit is the main agent in mission. It continues by exploring how the theology of discipleship, with its wider and stricter interpretation deriving from Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the inspirations of Pentecostal pneumatology, and finally the paradigm of the mission from the margins as epistemological shift all have the potential to correct misleading concepts of mission and give new impulses for the understanding of mission today. The paper concludes by proposing creative (un)certainty as an attitude that keeps the balance between the agency of the Holy Spirit in mission – including unforeseen disruptions evoked by the free blow of the Spirit – and human discipleship.
The Arusha Call
Authors: Ross Kenneth R.
Published: December 2018

For the Protestant churches, the 20th century wrote a story of divergence so far as missiological understanding is concerned. Mid‐century tensions eventually led to a split into two camps, usually described as “Ecumenical” and “Evangelical.” This is a division that has run deep and been definitive for identity, association, theology, and practice in many different contexts around the world. This article argues that, by contrast, the 21st century has seen a remarkable missiological convergence as the two sides in the long‐running debate have sought to attend to each other’s concerns. This trend is evidenced by reference to significant conferences and documents, leading up to the World Council of Churches Conference on World Mission and Evangelism, held in Arusha, Tanzania, in March 2018. Examination of the “Arusha Call to Discipleship” issued by the conference reveals the extent of the convergence now taking place while also exposing its limitations. Even while acknowledging serious remaining challenges, it can be concluded that the Arusha Call is a signal of missiological convergence.
Analyzing Transformational Development as Engagement with African Millennials
Authors: Knoetze Hannes
Published: December 2018

This research focuses on the missiological and diaconal prospects of inclusion of the millennial generation (18–35 years of age) as agents of transformational development in Africa. Transformational development takes place on three levels to address the dichotomies of the modern worldview; spiritual world (gospel as word), seen world (gospel as deed), and the excluded middle (gospel as sign). The literature study shows that although millennials make up the largest population group in Africa, they are not adequately involved in transformational development, neither by the church nor by other agents of development. The article uses the transformational praxis “model” of Kritzinger and Saayman to discuss the possible role of millennials in transformational development in Africa, which includes several dimensions important for a holistic view of transformational development: spirituality, agency, contextual understanding, scrutiny, interpretation of tradition, discernment for action, and reflexivity.
A Study of the Acceptance and Accommodation of Calvinism in the Korean Presbyterian Church
Authors: Seong ShinHyung
Published: December 2018

This research delves into the acceptance and accommodation of Calvinism in the Korean Presbyterian Church, concentrating on the Pyungyang Mission Station of Chosun‐ya‐so‐kyo (Korean Presbyterian Church) in the 1900s to 1930s. It has been suggested that Chosun‐ya‐so‐kyo did not fully introduce Calvinism during this early period of Korean mission because of its historical and cultural limitations. Based on materials such as church history textbooks and academic journals, however, this study argues that Chosun‐ya‐so‐kyo clearly accommodated Calvinism as its theological foundation. In particular, the mission station’s theology education institution developed theological analysis of Calvinism through three perspectives: forging missionaries, Korean conservative theologians, and liberal theologians. Thus, the Korean Presbyterian Church adopted Calvinism as its theological groundwork.
The International Tree‐Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) revisited: Data availability and global ecological representativity
Authors: Zhao Shoudong , Pederson Neil , D'Orangeville Loïc , HilleRisLambers Janneke , Boose Emery , Penone Caterina , Bauer Bruce , Jiang Yuan , Manzanedo Rubén D.
Published: December 2018

Aim

The International Tree‐Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) is the most comprehensive database of tree growth. To evaluate its usefulness and improve its accessibility to the broad scientific community, we aimed to: (a) quantify its biases, (b) assess how well it represents global forests, (c) develop tools to identify priority areas to improve its representativity, and d) make available the corrected database.

Location

Worldwide.

Time period

Contributed datasets between 1974 and 2017.

Major taxa studied

Trees.

Methods

We identified and corrected formatting issues in all individual datasets of the ITRDB. We then calculated the representativity of the ITRDB with respect to species, spatial coverage, climatic regions, elevations, need for data update, climatic limitations on growth, vascular plant diversity, and associated animal diversity. We combined these metrics into a global Priority Sampling Index (PSI) to highlight ways to improve ITRDB representativity.

Results

Our refined dataset provides access to a network of >52 million growth data points worldwide. We found, however, that the database is dominated by trees from forests with low diversity, in semi‐arid climates, coniferous species, and in western North America. Conifers represented 81% of the ITRDB and even in well‐sampled areas, broadleaves were poorly represented. Our PSI stressed the need to increase the database diversity in terms of broadleaf species and identified poorly represented regions that require scientific attention. Great gains will be made by increasing research and data sharing in African, Asian, and South American forests.

Main conclusions

The extensive data and coverage of the ITRDB show great promise to address macroecological questions. To achieve this, however, we have to overcome the significant gaps in the representativity of the ITRDB. A strategic and organized group effort is required, and we hope the tools and data provided here can guide the efforts to improve this invaluable database.
Basal insulin therapy: Unmet medical needs in Asia and the new insulin glargine in diabetes treatment
Authors: Tien Kai‐Jen , Hung Yi‐Jen , Chen Jung‐Fu , Chen Ching‐Chu , Wang Chih‐Yuan , Hwu Chii‐Min , Huang Yu‐Yao , Hsiao Pi‐Jung , Tu Shih‐Te , Wang Chao‐Hung , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng
Published: December 2018

Diabetes remains a global epidemic and a tremendous health challenge, especially in the Asian population. Dramatic increases in the prevalence of diabetes across different countries or areas in Asia have been reported in recent epidemiological studies. Although clinical guidelines have strengthened appropriate antihyperglycemic medications and lifestyle modifications for optimal diabetes management, inadequate glycemic control still occurs in many patients with an increased risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Insulin administration is the main therapy for diabetes in response to the inability to secrete insulin, and is recommended in current guidelines to treat patients with type 2 diabetes after failure of oral antidiabetic drugs. Clinical studies have shown that long‐acting insulin analogs improve basal glycemic control with reduced risk of hypoglycemia. In the present review, we discuss previous challenges with basal insulin therapy in Asia, the pharmacological development of insulin analogs to overcome the unmet medical needs and recent clinical studies of the new ultra‐long‐acting insulin analog, insulin glargine U300. Furthermore, relevant findings of current real‐world evidence are also included for the comparison of the efficacy and safety of different insulin formulations. Based on the accumulating evidence showing a low incidence of hypoglycemia and technical benefits of dose titration, treatment with glargine U300 can be a promising strategy for Asian diabetes patients to achieve glycemic targets with favorable safety.
Letter to the Editor: Consensus‐based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part II
Authors: Wüthrich B. , Senti G. , Kündig T.M.
Published: December 2018

Linked article: This article is commented on by A. Wollenberg et al., pp. e153–e154 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15384.
Same day implant bridge for full‐arch implant fixed rehabilitation
Authors: Zaninovich Michael , Petrucci Cosimo
Published: December 2018

Objective

To report an alternative clinical and laboratory protocol for same‐day implant fixed full‐arch provisional rehabilitation that may overcome limitations associated with traditional immediate provisional denture conversion rehabilitation protocols.

Clinical Considerations

The traditional denture conversion fabrication method of an immediate full‐arch fixed provisional involves the conversion of a complete denture into a provisional fixed implant‐support prosthesis. The conversion technique has several shortcomings which compromise structural integrity, longevity, ease of modification, and the need for a silicone impression.

Conclusions

The “Same day” implant bridge (SDIB) concept provides clinical and laboratory advantages which overcome the limitations of the traditional denture conversion technique. This article reviews the rationale, clinical stages, and conventional fabrication sequence of the SDIB concept.

Clinical Significance

Compared to the traditional denture conversion method for immediate implant bridge fabrication, the SDIB technique offers the following advantages for implant‐supported fixed rehabilitation: rapid fabrication, improved structural integrity and rigidity, elimination of all silicone impressions, ease of modification to promote comfort, function and adaptability, and favorable esthetics.
Hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Hirata Akihiro , Miyamoto Yoko , Kaneko Akihisa , Sakai Hiroki , Yoshizaki Kyoko , Yanai Tokuma , Miyabe‐Nishiwaki Takako , Suzuki Juri
Published: December 2018

Primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of the liver is extremely rare in both humans and non‐human primates. The present report describes the clinical and pathological findings of an aged Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) with hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm in macaques.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is transmissible in vitro between cells of the central nervous system
Authors: Sprenkle Neil T. , Lahiri Anirudhya , Simpkins James W. , Meares Gordon P.
Published: December 2018

Improper protein folding and trafficking are common pathological events in neurodegenerative diseases that result in the toxic accumulation of misfolded proteins within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While low‐level stimulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is protective, sustained UPR activation resulting from prolonged ER stress can promote neurotoxicity. The cell‐autonomous mechanisms of the UPR have been extensively characterized. However, the cell‐extrinsic role of the UPR under physiological and pathological states in the CNS remains to be elucidated. To begin to address this, we evaluated if transferring conditioned media between ER‐stressed astrocytes and neurons could modulate their functional characteristics. Our results indicate that ER‐stressed astrocytes and neurons secrete a molecule(s) with lipid characteristics which regulates both inflammatory and ER stress responses in other astrocytes, neurons, and microglia in vitro. Initial exposure to this stress factor(s) confers resistance against subsequent ER stress to neurons. However, persistent exposure to this unidentified mediator(s) suppresses the initial protective effect and becomes cytotoxic. Overall, these findings provide insight into the cell non‐autonomous influence of ER stress on cells of the central nervous system.

Open Science Badges

This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.

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Caring for the older person with cognitive impairment in hospital: Qualitative analysis of nursing personnel reflections on fall events
Authors: Grealish Laurie , Chaboyer Wendy , Darch Jacob , Real Belinda , Phelan Maggie , Soltau Dawn , Lunn Matthew , Brandis Susan , Todd Jo‐anne , Cooke Marie
Published: December 2018

Aims and objectives

To explore nurse and nursing assistant reflections on the care of older patients with cognitive impairment who have experienced a fall.

Background

While there are evidence‐based clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of falls and for the care of older people with cognitive impairment, the falls rates for older people with cognitive impairment are three times as high as those without.

Design

Critical incident technique.

Methods

Eleven registered and two enrolled nurses and four assistants in nursing working in one subacute and two acute wards within two hospitals of a tertiary level health service in south‐east Queensland. Individual semistructured interviews focused on two past events when a patient with cognitive impairment had fallen in hospital: one when there was minimal harm and the second when there was significant harm. Thematic analysis was undertaken. The COREQ checklist was followed.

Results

Three themes emerged from 23 reflective accounts of fall events: “direct observation is confounded by multiple observers” and “knowing the person has cognitive impairment is not enough,” and “want to rely on the guideline but unsure how to enact it.” While participants were aware of the falls prevention policy and techniques available to prevent falls, the implementation of these was challenging due to the complexity of care required by the older person with cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

Falls prevention for older people with cognitive impairment is complex and belies the simple application of policy.

Relevance to clinical practice

To reduce falls, nurses can involve the family to support “knowing the patient” to enable prediction of impulsive actions; shift the focus of in‐service from lectures to specific case presentations, with collaborative analysis on person‐focused strategies to prevent falls in older people with cognitive impairment; and reconsider the sitter role from simple observer to assistant, focused on ambulation and supporting independence in activities of daily living.
Transition to practice experiences of first‐ and second‐career nurses: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Rainbow Jessica G. , Steege Linsey M.
Published: December 2018

Aims and objectives

To explore the transition to nursing practice experiences of first‐ and second‐career nursing students.

Background

To address the nursing shortage, alternative educational programmes have been increasingly developed and implemented with to help individuals with prior career experiences transition into a career in nursing (second‐career nurses). However, we know little about the transition to practice experiences of second‐career nurses.

Design

This mixed‐methods study utilised qualitative interviews with nurses who had completed a year of practice and a longitudinal survey of nurses’ perceptions of stress, coping and burnout throughout their first year of nursing practice.

Methods

Qualitative data (n = 15) were analysed using latent thematic analysis and following COREQ guidelines. Descriptive and effect size analysis of quantitative data (n = 122) was conducted in order to assess for significant differences across time points.

Results

The thematic analysis identified three themes: Stressors and Coping, Prevalence of Burnout and Presenteeism, and Difficulty Describing Nursing’s Role. The quantitative findings showed that participants’ self‐compassion decreased over their first year of practice. Levels of stress, presenteeism and burnout increased by the year mark. These increases were meaningfully significant between time points.

Conclusions

Differences in the stressors and coping of first‐ and second‐career nurses should be considered in developing transition to practice programmes for new nurses. Increasing rates of stress, burnout and presenteeism highlight the ongoing need to address these issues. Improving the nurse work environment may aid in the transition to nursing practice of both first‐ and second‐career nurses.

Relevance to clinical practice

First‐ and second‐career nurses have increasing rates of stress, burnout and presenteeism that need to be addressed. However, there are differences in stressors and coping between first‐ and second‐career nurses.
Hydration practices in residential and nursing care homes for older people
Authors: Cook Glenda , Hodgson Philip , Hope Claire , Thompson Juliana , Shaw Lynne
Published: December 2018

Aim

To scope and explore hydration practices in care homes.

Background

Older residents do not regularly consume adequate fluids to support health. Achieving this is difficult with residents who have coexisting health, sensory and functional problems, as well as challenging hydration habits.

Design

This project used a sequential exploratory mixed method design to scope and explore existing hydration practices.

Methods

Data were collected via two stages. First was a survey of hydration practices. Twenty‐nine responses were received from 81 care homes (response rate: 35.8%). Second was the exploration of practitioners' experiences and perceptions of hydration practice via semi‐structured interviews (54 staff: 43 interviews). Descriptive statistics summarised the survey findings. Open coding and thematic analysis were applied to the qualitative data, and details of the methods are reported in adherence to COREQ criteria.

Results

It is important to provide hydration support in addition to regularly offering drinks to residents. Hydration practices include the following: use of social interaction to encourage drinking; verbal and nonverbal prompts to drink; giving fluids with routine practices and social activities; providing drinks‐related activity, use of aids and equipment to support drinking; and creating a drink‐friendly environment. Practices are implemented in care homes; however, no one care home implements all these hydration strategies at any one time.

Conclusions

Older care home residents need support and encouragement to drink adequate fluids which can be difficult to achieve with residents who have complex needs and challenging drinking habits. In addition to the routine offer of drinks, hydration support should be used to facilitate residents to drink sufficient amounts of fluid.

Relevance to clinical practice

Staff working in care homes have an important role in assessing the hydration needs of residents and using multiple hydration practices to support residents to achieve their hydration requirements.