bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cultural evolution theory for contemporary polarization trends in moral opinions
Authors: Eriksson Kimmo , Vartanova Irina , Strimling Pontus
Published: December 2024

While existing theories of political polarization tend to suggest that the opinions of liberals and conservatives move in opposite directions, available data indicate that opinions on a wide range of moral issues move in the liberal direction among both liberals and conservatives. Moreover, some political scientists have hypothesized that this movement follows an S-shaped curve among liberals and a similar, but later, S-shaped curve among conservatives, so that polarization on a given issue first increases (as opinions at an initial stage move faster among liberals) and then decreases (as opinions at a later stage move faster among conservatives). Here we show that these dynamics are explained by Moral Argument Theory, a cultural evolution theory positing that opinion shifts on moral issues arise from a certain content bias in social opinion transmission. This theory also yields several other specific predictions about trends and polarization in moral opinions, which we test against longitudinal data on 55 moral issues from the General Social Survey (sample sizes between 1798 and 57,809 per issue). The predictions are generally confirmed. We conclude that a cultural evolution perspective can provide valuable insights for social science in understanding contemporary societal changes.
Interaction of helium surface electrons with electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Rybalko A. S.
Published: December 2024

The interaction of surface electrons in helium with electromagnetic radiation is studied. It is shown that superheating of the electron system by electromagnetic radiation leads to redistribution of electrons over levels. The possibility of using interlevel transitions of surface electrons as a method of selective and wideband reception and generation of electromagnetic radiation is demonstrated. Estimates of electron system superheating relative to the liquid helium are performed, which indicate the dominant role of two-ripplon processes in surface electron energy dissipation.
Flexural oscillations of thin plates in a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Zolotukhin I. V. , Miloshenko V. E. , Roshchupkin A. M. , Safonov I. A. , Shunin G. E.
Published: December 2024

The absorption of low-frequency sound (102−104 Hz) in thin plates of Al, Pb, and V in a longitudinal magnetic field at T = 4.2 °K is investigated. The measurements were made using the internal-friction method. It is found that the magnetic field has a considerable effect on the attenuation and resonant frequency of free oscillations of the specimen in the superconducting state. The results obtained are discussed within the framework of the theory of the magnetoelasticity of thin plates. Qualitative agreement with experiment is obtained.
Specific heat of monocrystalline Cr3Si in the temperature interval 6–300 °K
Authors: Pan V. M. , Shevchenko A. D. , Mikhailov I. G. , Yachmenev V. E. , Ber G.
Published: December 2024

From specific heat measurements in the temperature interval 6–300 °K, we have determined the electron density of states at the Fermi level, the mean effective mass of the density of states for conduction band carriers, the electron–phonon interaction constant, and the Debye temperature.
Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a thin metal layer under resonance conditions
Authors: Lur’e M. A. , Peschanskii V. G.
Published: December 2024

Resonant oscillations of the transmittance of thin metal films in a weak magnetic field are predicted, when electron orbits of the extremal diameter do not fit within the layer thickness.
Film of helium He-II on the surface of solid hydrogen
Authors: Shcherbachenko R. I. , Gordeev S. I. , Esel’son B. N. , Ivantsov V. G. , Kovdrya Yu. Z.
Published: December 2024

The transfer velocity of helium He-II films on the surface of solid parahydrogen was measured at temperatures from 1.4 °K to Tλ. It has been found that the temperature dependence of the transfer velocity follows the same trend here as on a glass substrate, while the absolute values of this velocity are approximately half as large. These results are explained by a reduction of film thickness due to a weaker Van der Waals interaction between liquid helium and solid hydrogen.
Calculation of a magnetic-structure sequence including a spiral. II. Mathematical applications
Authors: Kovalev O. V.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that transition from a unitary reducible corepresentation to the equivalent unitary one can be performed by means of a unitary matrix. The numbers of, and general methods for constructing invariants derived from the basic vectors of one of more irreducible corepresentations, are found. These results should find application in the theory of small oscillations and phase transitions in crystals. In relation to magnetic ordering in MnP, a study is made of the conditions for equality of the absolute values of the magnetic moments of the Mn atoms in two possible positions; allowance is made for the atomic displacement when the crystal goes over to the magnetic state, and a range is established for the exchange parameters that correspond to the observed structures. All possible sequences of magnetic structure in MnP are enumerated.
Interaction of the conduction electrons in a metal with a layer of neutral atoms above the surface
Authors: Antsygina T. N. , Slyusarev V. A.
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the prediction1 that there may be Cooper pairs of 3He-conduction electron type in a quasi-two-dimensional system consisting of a film of liquid 3He above the surface of the metal. Simple models are used to examine the conditions under which the effect occurs.
Effect of hydrostatic compression on tunneling in lead–bismuth superconductor solutions
Authors: Borodai B. I. , Svistunov V. M.
Published: December 2024

It has been found that during compression of alloys the coupling between lattice and electrons weakens faster in systems with a larger 2Δ0/Tc ratio in the initial state and with a lower lattice symmetry. The low sensitivity of the superconducting transition temperature Tc to pressure in the case of ϵ -phase solid solutions is here explained by the behavior of their vibration spectra.
An amplitude equation for the conserved-Hopf bifurcation—Derivation, analysis, and assessment
Authors: Greve Daniel , Thiele Uwe
Published: December 2024

We employ weakly nonlinear theory to derive an amplitude equation for the conserved-Hopf instability, i.e., a generic large-scale oscillatory instability for systems with two conservation laws. The resulting equation represents in the conserved case the equivalent of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation obtained in the nonconserved case as an amplitude equation for the standard Hopf bifurcation. Considering first the case of a relatively simple symmetric two-component Cahn–Hilliard model with purely nonreciprocal coupling, we derive the nonlinear nonlocal amplitude equation with real coefficients and show that its bifurcation diagram and time evolution well agree with the results for the full model. The solutions of the amplitude equation and their stability are analytically obtained, thereby showing that in such oscillatory phase separation, the suppression of coarsening is universal. Second, we lift the two restrictions and obtain the amplitude equation in the generic case. It has complex coefficients and also shows very good agreement with the full model as exemplified for some transient dynamics that converges to traveling wave states.
Shearless and periodic attractors in the dissipative Labyrinthic map
Authors: Souza L. F. B. , Egydio de Carvalho R. , Viana R. L. , Caldas I. L.
Published: December 2024

The Labyrinthic map is a two-dimensional area-preserving map that features a robust transport barrier known as the shearless curve. In this study, we explore a dissipative version of this map, examining how dissipation affects the shearless curve and leads to the emergence of quasi-periodic or chaotic attractors, referred to as shearless attractors. We present a route to chaos of the shearless attractor known as the Curry–Yorke route. To investigate the multi-stability of the system, we employ basin entropy and boundary basin entropy analyses to characterize diverse scenarios. Additionally, we numerically investigate the dynamic periodic structures known as “shrimps” and “Arnold tongues” by varying the parameters of the system.
Calibration of MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer). I. On-ground setup description and characterization
Authors: Vincendon Mathieu , Guiot Pierre , Lecomte Benoît , Condamin Mathieu , Poulet François , Arondel Antoine , Barbay Julien , Carter John , De Angelis Simone , Dumesnil Cydalise , Filacchione Gianrico , Haffoud Paolo , Hansotte Jérémie , Langevin Yves , Mayeur Pierre-Louis , Piccioni Giuseppe , Pilorget Cédric , Quirico Eric , Rodriguez Sébastien
Published: December 2024

The visible and infrared Moon And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS), aboard the JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft, will characterize the composition of the surfaces and atmospheres of the Jupiter system. Prior to the launch, a campaign was carried out to obtain the measurements needed to calibrate the instrument. The aim was not only to produce data for the calculation of the radiometric, spectral, and spatial transfer functions but also to evaluate MAJIS performance, such as signal-to-noise ratio and amount of straylight, under near-flight conditions. Here, we first describe the setup implemented to obtain these measurements, based on five optical channels. We notably emphasize the concepts used to mitigate thermal infrared emissions generated at ambient temperatures, since the MAJIS spectral range extends up to 5.6 µm. Then, we characterize the performance of the setup by detailing the validation measurements obtained before the campaign. In particular, the radiometric, geometric, and spectral properties of the setup needed for the inversion of collected data and the calculation of the instrument’s calibration functions are presented and discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of conducted measurements with MAJIS, and we discuss unforeseen events encountered during the on-ground calibration campaign.
Oscillation damper for misaligned witness in plasma wakefield accelerator
Authors: Lotov Konstantin V. , Kargapolov Ivan Yu. , Tuev Petr V.
Published: December 2024

If a laser- or particle beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator operates in the linear or moderately nonlinear regime, injecting an externally produced particle bunch (witness) to be accelerated may encounter an alignment problem. Witness alignment tolerances can be relaxed by using a damper, an additional particle bunch produced by the same injector and propagating at a submillimeter distance ahead of the witness. If misaligned, the damper perturbs the wakefield in such a way that the witness shifts on-axis with no quality loss.
Value-behavior inconsistency is robust to promote cooperative behavior in structured populations
Authors: Shao Shuyang , Wu Bin
Published: December 2024

The evolution of cooperation is a theme commonly studied in biology, psychology, sociology, and economics. Mechanisms that promote cooperative behavior in structured populations have been intensively studied. However, individuals’ values, specifically, their opinions have been rarely taken into account so far. Inspired by cognition dissonance theory, we assume that individuals pay the cost of guiltiness if the behavior is defection but the opinion deviates from defection, and pay the cost of regret if the behavior is cooperation but the opinion deviates from cooperation. For all general stochastic evolutionary dynamics on arbitrary static networks with multiple opinions, we prove in the weak selection limit that: (i) value-behavior inconsistency cost promotes cooperative behavior if and only if the average cost of regret is less than that of guiltiness; (ii) individuals with value-behavior consistency are more abundant than that with value-behavior inconsistency. This is in contrast with other mechanisms that are at work for cooperation for one population structure but not others. Furthermore, it is also validated on an empirical network and for non-weak selection intensity. The value-behavior inconsistency is thus a robust mechanism to promote cooperative behavior in structured populations. Our results shed light on the importance of the co-evolutionary dynamics of opinion and behavior, which opens an avenue for cooperation.
A three-dimensional visualization experimental apparatus for seepage failure of filling medium in the fault zone: Development and application
Authors: Wang Meixia , Tian Cong , Zhou Zongqing , Li Liping , Ma Shijie , Yang Weimin
Published: December 2024

The scientific comprehension of water and mud inrush evolution mechanism resulting from seepage failure of filling medium in the fault is crucial for disaster prevention and management strategies. This study presents the development of a three-dimensional visualization experimental apparatus. The apparatus comprises a steel support frame, a visualized testing chamber, a hydraulic control system, a water pressure loading system, and a particle monitoring and collection system. Its notable feature lies in its capacity to apply high, uniform compressive loads in all three principal directions to perform tests under true triaxial static loading conditions. Through the apparatus, the deformation behavior of filling mediums under triaxial ground stress and the erosion and failure phenomena under water pressure can be simulated. The applied vertical ground stress is 3 MPa, with a horizontal ground stress of 1 MPa. The water pressure can reach up to 3 MPa, with a loading accuracy of 0.001 MPa. Statistical analysis elucidates the quantitative variation of ground stress with depth. The range of stress ratio values is obtained. The changes in the cumulative mass of particle loss, porosity, permeability, shear strength, and viscosity with time are clarified through seepage failure tests. Results delineate three stages of the seepage failure process: an initial slow change phase, followed by an intermittent significant change stage, culminating in a stable phase. During the significant change stage, the flow pattern transitions from Darcy flow to non-Darcy flow, accompanied by notable alterations in permeability, porosity, internal friction angle, and cohesion. Seepage failure emerges as a multifaceted process characterized by real-time fluctuations in strength, viscosity, and permeability. Comparative analysis across different ground stress conditions reveals its pronounced impact on the severity of water and mud inrush incidents. Lower ground stress leads to weaker interlocking between particles, thereby amplifying the likelihood of large-scale water and mud inrush disasters.
Numerical investigation of bogie-induced flow disturbances around a streamlined high-speed train
Authors: Wu Yitong , Zhou Wei , Liang Xifeng , Su Xinchao , Xu Kewei , Xia Yutao , Wang Zhixin , Krajnović Sinisa
Published: December 2024

The bogie-induced flow characteristics of two referenced variations of a streamlined high-speed train model, with and without bogie shields, are numerically studied by performing improved delayed detached eddy simulation. The results show that covering the bogies reduces the overall aerodynamic drag by 45%, primarily due to a significant reduction in pressure drag caused by the smoother underbody. While a localized increase in slipstream velocity is observed near the train's rear, the wake activity is diminished, resulting in a substantial drop in the nondimensional slipstream velocity to approximately 0.01 in the wake region, with decreases of 93% and 80% at a height of z* = 0.11 and 0.44, respectively. Additionally, the maximum turbulence intensity downstream of the bogie region decreased by 97% and the lateral motion of wake vortices was found to stabilize, with dominant frequencies occurring at StW = 0.139 and 0.425. These findings provide good references for the aerodynamic assessment of future high-speed trains.
Nanostructured zinc carbonate hydroxide microflakes: assessing the toxicity against erythrocytes and L929 cells in vitro
Authors: Prokopiuk Volodymyr , Onishchenko Anatolii , Pazura Yuliia , Bespalova Iryna , Kökbaş Umut , Tryfonyuk Liliya , Mateychenko Pavlo , Kot Kateryna , Kurmangaliyeva Saulesh , Kot Yurii , Yefimova Svetlana , Tkachenko Anton
Published: December 2024

Nanostructured materials have been suggested to be used as a source of dietary zinc for livestock animals. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of newly synthesized nanostructured zinc carbonate hydroxide (ZnCH) Zn5(CO3)(OH)6 microflakes. Cytotoxicity of the microflakes was assessed against murine L929 cell line and rat mature erythrocytes. Viability, motility, cell death pathways, implication of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) signaling, caspases, and alterations of cell membranes following exposure of L929 cells to the microflakes were assessed. To assess hemocompatibility of the Zn-containing microflakes, osmotic fragility and hemolysis assays were performed, as well as multiple eryptosis parameters were evaluated. Our findings indicate a dose-response cytotoxicity of ZnCH microflakes against L929 cells with no toxicity observed for low concentrations (10 mg l−1 and below). At high concentrations (25 mg l−1 and above), ZnCH microflakes promoted nitrosyl stress, Ca2+- and caspase-dependent apoptosis, and altered lipid order of cell membranes in a dose-dependent manner, evidenced by up to 7-fold elevation of RNS-dependent fluorescence, 2.9-fold enhancement of Fura 2-dependent fluorescence, over 20-fold elevation of caspases-dependent fluorescence (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9), and up to 4.4-fold increase in the ratiometric index of the NR12S probe. Surprisingly, toxicity to enucleated mature erythrocytes was found to be lower compared to L929 cells. ZnCH microflakes induced eryptosis associated with oxidative stress, nitrosyl stress, Ca2+ signaling and recruitment of caspases at 25–50–100 mg l−1 . Eryptosis assays were found to be more sensitive than evaluation of hemolysis. Zn5(CO3)(OH)6 microflakes show no cytotoxicity at low concentrations indicating their potential as a source of zinc for livestock animals.
Generation of shear flows induced by AE / EPM in LHD plasma
Authors: Varela J. , Hidalgo C. , Tokuzawa T. , Nagaoka K. , Tanaka K. , Nagasaki K. , Ohdachi S. , Ida K. , Du X. , Cappa A. , Sharapov S. , Zarzoso D. , Spong D.A. , Garcia L. , Ghai Y. , Ortiz J.
Published: December 2024

The generation of shear flows (SFs) by Alfven Eigenmodes (AEs) and energetic particle modes (EPMs) have important effects on the operation of future nuclear fusion reactors, because SFs regulate the saturation of the AEs/EPMs, the transport of EPs and thermal plasma, as well as the formation of transport barriers among other consequences. The aim of this study is the analysis of SFs generation during the saturation phase of AEs and EPMs in LHD plasma. Experiments performed in the 23rd and 24th LHD experimental campaigns are dedicated to explore the destabilization of AEs/EPMs in discharges with different heating patterns, thermal plasma and magnetic field configurations. In particular, the shots 176490 and 179697 show the destabilization of MHD bursts and energetic-ion-driven resistive interchange modes (EIC), respectively. Charge exchange spectroscopy measurements in both discharges indicate that the generation of SFs by AE/EPM is uncorrelated with the perturbation induced by the neutral beam injector (NBI). Nonlinear simulations performed using the gyro-fluid code FAR3d show the generation of zonal structures, especially SFs, induced during the saturation phase of Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes (TAEs) triggered in the MHD burst as well as by the

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EIC in the bursting phase. The simulations indicate that SFs are caused by the radial electric fields powered by energy transfers from the unstable AE/EPM towards the thermal plasma. The strongest SFs are measured during the EIC bursting phase once the

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EPM overlaps with nearby resonances at the plasma periphery. Likewise, the largest SFs during the MHD burst are observed once TAEs radially overlap in the inner-middle plasma region.
Phosphorus diffusion model in surrounding rock from phosphogypsum-based cemented paste backfill under multifactor coupling effect
Authors: Li Yufei , Yao Nan , Ye Yicheng , Wu Menglong , Guan Wenchao , Chen Guan
Published: December 2024

Phosphogypsum (PG) is filled in the solidified filling body formed in the goaf of underground mines, and its leaching of toxic and harmful ions infiltrates and spreads to the groundwater in the surrounding rock, and there is a potential risk of environmental pollution. In order to grasp the diffusion law of pollutant ions in surrounding rock from phosphogypsum-based cemented paste backfill (PCPB), the diffusion coefficient equation of P ions in surrounding rock was established based on the electrolyte solution theory, taking phosphorus (P) ions leached from PCPB as the research object. Adopting Fick’s second law, the diffusion model of P ions in the surrounding rock from PCPB under multi-factor coupling was established by comprehensively considering the effects of multiple factors such as P ion binding capacity in the surrounding rock, time dependence of P ions diffusion coefficients, structural defects of the surrounding rock, stress level, temperature, and so on, and the effects of different factors on the diffusion of P ions in the surrounding rock were analysed. The results show that the larger the concentration of P ions in the surrounding rock, the larger the diffusion coefficient is. The larger the diffusion distance is, the smaller the concentration of P ions in the surrounding rock is. P ions binding capacity and time are negatively correlated with the diffusion coefficient, and the coefficient of deterioration effect of the surrounding rock, the coefficient of stress influence and temperature are positively correlated with the diffusion coefficient. Temperature is the most significant factor affecting the diffusion coefficient of P ions, and after a temperature of 40 °C, the diffusion coefficient of P ions increases rapidly.
Self - adaptive canny edge detection with reinforcement learning and dominant texture color patterns for melanoma segmentation and classification in dermoscopic images
Authors: J C Kavitha , D Subitha , D Nagarajan
Published: December 2024

Melanoma, considered to be the most rapidly increasing cancer, has had great emphasis placed on its diagnosis. This paper proposes a powerful edge detection framework Self-adaptive Canny Edge Detection using Reinforcement Learning (CRL-Edge) that integrates Canny edge detection with reinforcement learning. This approach adaptively fine-tunes the threshold parameters of the canny so as to enhance the edge continuity particularly for images with weak boundaries. The research also focusses on proposing a feature extraction method Dominant Texture Color Patterns (DTCP) that effectively helps in classifying malignant melanoma from dermoscopic images. This method is proposed based on the extraction of texture and color features that are dominant in a particular local region. The RGB color channel that consists of texture patterns with more intensity variations is said to be a dominant texture feature and a color channel that has maximum color intensity variations is a dominant color feature. The texture-color patterns are combined together to form a pattern that is assigned a unique texture-color value that describes the image features. The proposed feature of texture and color is analyzed in dermoscopic color images to classify lesions as benign or malignant, using CatBoost, a gradient boosting technique. The CatBoost is compared with other gradient boosting algorithms like Random Forest, XGBoost and Light GBM. The experiments were conducted on two different databases, the ISIC Archive and the PH2 database. The images were evaluated, on the basis of performance metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1-score and AUC. The experiment results show that CRL-Edge segmentation provides better segmentation accuracy and the DTCP descriptor using CatBoost classifier provides enhanced classification accuracy for classifying malignant lesion. The new method is compared with different state-of-art methods and has demonstrated the best performance.
Experimental study on the effect of combination ratio of Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nano-cutting fluids while turning AISI 304
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Harmesh , Mehta Jaswinder Singh , Wadhwa Amandeep Singh
Published: December 2024

This experimental study has been executed with an objective of comparing the efficacy of mono and hybrid nano-cutting fluid (NCF) with respect to cutting insert’s flank wear while turning AISI-304 stainless steel. Furthermore, the influence of the combination ratio of constituent nanoparticles has also been investigated. The creation of the hybrid nano-cutting fluids (hy-NCF) involved the simultaneous suspension of alumina (Al2O3) nano-particles and multi-walled carbon nano tube (MWCNT) in a vegetable oil derived from soybean at weight concentrations of 1, 1.5, and 2 wt% in combination ratios of 80:20 (R = 0.2) and 60:40 (R = 0.4). Their thermal conductivity and viscosity depicting thermophysical behaviour and wettability depicting tribological behaviour have also been evaluated and compared to that of mono nano cutting (mo-NCF) fluid comprising solely of alumina particles. To balance the advantages of thermal conductivity, viscosity and wettability, the weight concentration of 1.5% has been selected for further machining experiments. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) based turning tests were conducted, and the findings were compared considering tool flank wear. For hybrid nano-cutting fluid (R = 0.2) and hybrid nano-cutting fluid (R = 0.4), the percentage reduction in tool wear was found to be 11.35% and 8.2%, respectively, in comparison to mono nanofluid.
Enhancement of mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber composites using eggshell powder
Authors: Pai M Prashanth , B H Maruthi Prashanth , S Ramesh , Gowda Sandeepkumar , Kandagal Zaheerabbas B , C V Pujar , Anne Gajanan
Published: December 2024

Natural-based composites are gaining preference among manufacturers and consumers due to their biocompatibility, affordability, and widespread availability. This study uniquely investigates the use of eggshell powder as a filler in pineapple-epoxy composites, addressing a gap in research on their mechanical properties and failure mechanisms. Here different percentages of eggshell powder (ranging from 4 wt% to 8 wt%) was studied for their mechanical properties like Tensile, Flexural, Impact, Inter-laminar Shear Strength (ILSS), and Hardness of the pineapple-epoxy composite. The composites were fabricated using hand layup followed by a hot-press method. The findings showed that the composite containing 6 wt% eggshell powder (ES-6) exhibited superior performance compared to other configurations across Tensile, Flexural, Inter-laminar Shear Strength, and Impact strengths, showing improvements in the range of 7% to 29%. Meanwhile, the composite with 8 wt% eggshell powder (ES-8) outperformed other configurations in terms of hardness, showing enhancements in the range of 13% to 15%. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the fractured specimens revealed that the composite with 6 wt% eggshell powder ensures excellent bonding between fibres and the matrix, thereby enhancing the overall mechanical properties of the composite.
Area and power efficient FIR filter design in quantum cellular automata using competent adder
Authors: Arunachalam Kamaraj , Bharathi Jaya Baskar Divya , Chithra Ramaraj Vishnu
Published: December 2024

An 8-tap FIR filter is being considered for this research work. The basic modules of the FIR filter are Adders, Delay elements and multipliers. These basic elements are constructed using the majority voter. The interconnections between various logic elements of the circuit are carried out using novel multi-layer interconnection. Also, fast adders such as carry look-ahead adder, carry save adder, and carry select adder have been realized in quantum cellular automata. The circuit performance has been evaluated mainly based on the number of cells used for construction and area. Also additionally, area-latency product (ALP), QCA cost and power-performance area (PPA) have been estimated for validating the effectiveness of the design. Because of the majority voter and multi-layer configuration, the basic elements had occupied a lesser area; due to which the overall area for the 8-tap filter has been reduced effectively. The basic elements had a cell count improvement of 16.27% to 89.37% for full adder, 52.54% to 94.11% for DFF and 15.71% to 94.79% for multiplier with respect to the existing methods. Also, an 8-tap FIR filter consumes 2156 cells, 3447.6 nm2 area, 36.0876 energy dissipation, 13790.4 ALP, and 124415.6 PPA in quantum cellular automata.
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: deep delensing assisted likelihood-free inference from CMB polarization maps
Authors: Yi Kai , Fan Yanan , Hamann Jan , Liò Pietro , Guang Wang Yu
Published: December 2024

The existence of a cosmic background of primordial gravitational waves is a robust prediction of inflationary cosmology, but it has so far evaded discovery. The most promising avenue of its detection is via measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-polarization. However, this is not straightforward due to (a) the fact that CMB maps are distorted by gravitational lensing and (b) the high-dimensional nature of CMB data, which renders likelihood-based analysis methods computationally extremely expensive. In this paper, we introduce an efficient likelihood-free, end-to-end inference method to directly infer the posterior distribution of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r from lensed maps of the Stokes Q and U polarization parameters. Our method employs a generative model to delense the maps and utilizes the approximate Bayesian computation algorithm to sample r. We demonstrate that our method yields unbiased estimates of r with well-calibrated uncertainty quantification.
Growth mechanism of Pb0.9Cd0.1Te: Pb thin films prepared by PVD technique
Authors: Mazur Tetiana , Naidych Bohdana , Yavorskyi Rostyslav , Holovata Oksana , Parashchuk Taras , Zamurujeva Oksana , Voznyak Orest , Nykyruy Lyubomyr
Published: December 2024

The complex surface morphology, defect subsystem and an ab initio model study of Pb1-xCdxTe thin films deposited on mica-muscovite substrates by PVD technology are presented in this paper. The thickness, growth mechanisms and uniformity of condensates dependence on deposition regimes were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The deposited films have a granular structure and sizes of crystallites depend on thickness and difference between substrate and condensate crystallographic parameters. The dominance of film growth by the Vollmer-Weber mechanism is demonstrate. Studies of film growth mechanisms allowed us to predict that the formation of grains and the dynamics of their size changes during film growth are caused by complex defects that are associated with Cd atoms in nodes and vacancies of chalcogens.
Phytochemical-enhanced NiO nanostructures for superior oxygen evolution and asymmetric supercapacitor applications
Authors: Hayat Asma , Dawi Elmuez , Tahira Aneela , Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Halepoto Imran Ali , Ali Gulzar , Mahar Ihsan Ali , Naz Irum , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Solangi Abdul Ghaffar , Aftab Umair , Alshammari Riyadh H , Nafady Ayman , Vigolo Brigitte , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain
Published: December 2024

The development of new energy conversion and storage technologies has contributed to the widespread use of renewable energy. However, new methodologies for electrochemical energy storage systems remain to be developed. This study presents a facile, low-cost, scalable, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures by hydrothermal methods using lotus root extract. The different volumes of lotus root extract were tested on NiO nanostructures (sample 1, sample 2) using 1 ml and 2 ml amounts of the extract, respectively. Therefore, phytochemicals from lotus extract have influenced the surface morphology, crystal quality, optical band gap, electrical conductivity, and surface active sites of NiO nanostructures. Sample 2 of the NiO nanostructures was found to be highly active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and showed an overpotential of 380 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a durability of 30 h at 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, sample 2 of NiO has shown specific capacitance of 1503.84 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 as well as cycling stability over a period of forty thousand GCD cycles. The percentage specific capacitance retention were highly improved up to 100.6%. An asymmetric energy storage device has been constructed using NiO sample 2 as the anode electrode material, demonstrating excellent specific capacity of about 1113 C g−1 at 5 A g−1. For the asymmetric supercapacitor device, a power density of 20000 W kg−1 and an energy density of 245 Wh kg−1 were obtained. In a study of cycling stability for 40000 GCD cycles, it was observed that the asymmetric device retained 96.86% of its specific capacitance. A significant contribution was made to the electrochemical performance of sample 2 of NiO by phytochemicals derived from lotus extract.
A typology of climatopias: visualizations, motivations, and transformations
Authors: Carrère Alizé , Broad Kenneth , Lombard Joanna , Hector Denis , Mach Katharine J
Published: December 2024

Climate change is catalyzing responses for innovation in the built environment. Architecture and design firms are at the forefront of these endeavors, applying cutting-edge technologies to shape and visualize potential futures in ways they claim to be revolutionary or transformational. Despite the proliferation of such proposals, little analysis of this work has emerged. This paper seeks to assess this field of ‘climatopias,’ that is, projects that propose a form of utopian thinking or planning for climate-responsive design, and evaluate their transformational potential for the built environment. For 66 such architectural and urban planning projects, we analyze their types and attributes, with a focus on dominant motivations and the extent of sociopolitical transformation. Six key types of climatopias emerge: projects that (1) Fortify, (2) Forest, (3) Float, (4) Reduce, (5) Re-use, or (6) Retreat in pursuit of climate solutions for the built environment. 41% of the projects evaluated do not have any sociopolitical transformation present in their designs, meaning they do not rigorously qualify as climatopias despite their visual appearances and could risk reinforcing sociopolitical inequities and harms. Of projects rigorously fulfilling climatopia criteria for sociopolitical transformation, only 4 projects (10%) are all-encompassing in their proposed transformation, especially through engaging with political aspects of the design, such as ownership and governance. The Forest type demonstrates the least sociopolitical transformation across design proposals and projects, while the Reduce and Re-use types demonstrate the most. Despite growing calls for climate-resilient solutions combining mitigation and adaptation goals, decarbonization and climate risk reduction motivations rarely appear together in climate-responsive designs and projects. As designers advance this work, the typology presented here can serve as a reference guide to assist in expanding considerations of the range of transformational change and co-benefits required to address and adapt to climate change.
Financial Barriers to Rural Graduate Medical Education: Medicare Funding Methods for Sole Community and Medicare-Dependent Hospitals
Authors: Adhikari Mukesh , Hawes Emily M. , Rains Jacob , Francazio Christopher L. , Holmes George M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Policymakers are exploring options to address rural-urban physician maldistribution, including reducing rural residency training barriers. This study estimated Medicare graduate medical education (GME) reimbursement that sole community hospitals (SCHs) and Medicare-dependent hospitals (MDHs) are disqualified from receiving compared with hospitals under the Prospective Payment System (PPS) and calculated the GME reimbursement per resident for MDHs and SCHs under different scenarios.

Method

This simulation study used Healthcare Cost Report Information System data on hospitals that had been SCHs or MDHs between 2011 and 2021 and did not have any resident full-time equivalents (FTEs) in the most recent year. Reimbursements were calculated under the PPS and hospital-specific rate (HSR), assuming all other hospital financing elements remained unchanged, apart from adding resident FTEs.

Results

A total of 242 hospitals were identified as current or recent SCHs or MDHs with an average daily census of 25 or more and no residents in their most recent cost reports; 139 (57.4%) were paid under the HSR. The median (interquartile range) reimbursement per resident was $179,442 ($153,078-$208,412) under PPS and $107,294 ($85,134-$128,259) under HSR, a difference of nearly $70,000 per resident. The median opportunity cost per FTE was approximately $73,000 for SCHs and approximately $65,000 for MDHs. No significant per-resident differences were observed in the GME payments based on program size. Due to higher GME payments from PPS vs HSR, the number of hospitals defaulting to HSR decreased, and by the end of the third year of the program, more than 10% hospitals switched from HSR to PPS.

Conclusions

Under the current health care and GME reimbursement method, SCHs and MDHs face considerable financial barriers to launching or participating in GME programs. Policy adjustments to address this barrier may incentivize more rural facilities to launch or participate in GME, potentially mitigating the geographic maldistribution of physicians.
The Effect of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy on Scoliosis in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Long-term Follow-up Study
Authors: Miller Stacey D. , Lewis Emma , Lau Jonathan , Juricic Maria , Nguyen Vuong , Steinbok Paul , Miyanji Firoz , Mulpuri Kishore
Published: December 2024

Background:

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is commonly used to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Children with CP have an increased risk of spinal deformities that increase with age and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Few studies have considered the risk of spinal deformity post-SDR by GMFCS level. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the incidence and severity of spinal deformities in children with CP, overall and by GMFCS level, a minimum of 5 years after SDR.

Methods:

In this retrospective review, participants included all those who had an SDR before January 1, 2013, at a Canadian pediatric hospital. Participants had to have a spine radiograph preoperatively and a minimum 5 years post-SDR. Age, GMFCS level, level of laminectomy, percentage of rootlets cut, and orthopaedic surgical history were collected. Scoliosis was evaluated using coronal curve and was measured pre-SDR and a minimum 5 years post-SDR or until spine surgery. When available, sagittal plane radiographs were reviewed.

Results:

A total of 107 participants (61 male, 46 female), at GMFCS levels I to V (2,25,22,45, and 13, respectively) were included. The mean age at SDR was 4.8 years (SD 1.5), with a mean follow-up of 12.7 years (SD 4.9). Post-SDR, 57 (53%) participants had scoliosis, with the major curve averaging 46 degrees (SD 34.9). Scoliosis measuring >10 degrees was found in 8 (32%) participants at level II, 4 (18%) at level III, 33 (73%) at level IV and 12 (92%) at level V. No participants at GMFCS levels I to III, and 35% and 67% of those at levels IV and V, respectively, had a curve magnitude >40 degrees. Of those who had lateral imaging, 38% had excessive kyphosis, 21% hyperlordosis, and 16% spondylolisthesis.

Conclusions:

The rate of scoliosis is consistent with the natural history of children with CP without surgical intervention as reported in the literature when compared by GMFCS level and curve severity.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Dermatologist Characteristics Associated With Outlier Performance of Destruction for Benign Lesions
Authors: Woodie Brad R. , Nicholas Andrew , Fleischer Alan B.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Destruction of a benign skin lesion should not be billed to Medicare if the lesion is solely a cosmetic concern. Reducing unnecessary benign destructions could lower Medicare costs.

OBJECTIVE

Evaluate benign destruction rates relative to premalignant destruction rates and identify factors associated with frequent benign destruction among dermatologists.

METHODS

This study analyzed 2022 Medicare benign and premalignant destructions procedure counts for dermatologists.

RESULTS

Of the included 5,605 dermatologists, 180 (3.2%) were outliers, performing benign destructions at a rate exceeding 1.18 per premalignant destruction. Forty-nine (0.9%) were extreme outliers, with ratios above 1.76. Dermatologists with over 26 years of practice were more likely to be outliers or extreme outliers, whereas those in the West had lower odds. Reducing outlier benign destruction rates to the 80th percentile could save Medicare $1.17 million, with potential savings of up to $10.3 million if applied broadly.

CONCLUSION

A small number of dermatologists bill for benign destructions at high rates. Targeted educational interventions may reduce unnecessary Medicare expenditures.
Perspectives on Integrating Biological Assessments to Address the Health Effects of Childhood Adversities
Authors: Blevins Emily J. , Slopen Natalie , Koenen Karestan C. , Mikesell Caley , Basu Archana
Published: December 2024

A majority of adults in the United States (US) report a range of stressful and potentially traumatic childhood experiences (e.g., physical or sexual abuse, witnessing violence, neglect). Such adversities are associated with a range of mental (e.g., anxiety, mood, and behavioral difficulties) and physical (e.g., cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, asthma) health problems. Increasingly, precision medicine approaches seek to prevent and treat such multifinal downstream health problems by identifying common etiological pathways (e.g., inflammation and immune pathways) and candidate biomarkers to target interventions. In this context, we review the rationale for continued research to identify biomarkers of childhood adversity. Building on the bioecological theory, we emphasize that individual neurobiological profiles develop within multiple ecological levels (individual, family, neighborhood, macrosocial) that confer both risk and protective factors that can attenuate or amplify biological effects of childhood adversity. Given the limited data on adversity-associated biomarkers for children and adolescents, we discuss future recommendations for research, implications for clinical care, and ethical considerations. Preventing childhood adversity and supporting adversity- and trauma-informed systemic intervention approaches remains our primary recommendation. We highlight the continued need to consider both biomarkers of risk and protective factors across ecological levels in future research.
Association Between Postoperative Lymphocyte Count and the Occurrence of Infections After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Bridonneau Constance , Bourgoin Pierre , Debord Camille , Fernandez Modesto , Launay Elise , Joram Nicolas , Chenouard Alexis
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the minimal count of lymphocyte (Ly_Min) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and the occurrence of infections within the first 30 postoperative days (POD).

Methods:

From a local European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association (ECHSA) database, all cardiac surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass in children under 18 years old between January 2014 and December 2021 were eligible. Infections occurring within 30 POD were prospectively recorded according to ECHSA definitions, and classified into sepsis, pneumonia, wound infection, mediastinitis or endocarditis. For each surgery, Ly_Min was collected during the first 2 POD and the optimal threshold for predicting infection was chosen using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with the risk of infection.

Results:

Of 1428 surgeries conducted over the 8-year period, 111 (8%) were complicated by at least 1 infection, including pneumonia (n = 45), wound infection (n = 41), sepsis (n = 24), mediastinitis (n = 20) and endocarditis (n = 3). Mean Ly_Min in the first 2 POD was lower in the infected group compared with the noninfected group (1.32 ± 0.81 vs. 1.81 ± 1.05 × 109/L, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, Ly_Min <1.105 × 109/L within the first 1 POD was independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative infections (adjusted odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.79, P = 0.019).

Conclusions:

In this large single-center cohort of pediatric cardiac surgeries, Ly_Min during the first 2 POD was associated with the development of infections within 30 days after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Community-Level Strategies for Addressing Disparities in Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicators
Authors: Van Vleet Rachel , Chitwood Skyla , Hallman Victoria , Heffernan Megan , Fromknecht Catharine , O’Leary Meghan , Lin Yen , Hoyer Deborah
Published: December 2024

Context:

The Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) offer a select set of measurable objectives to help community-based organizations focus their efforts to improve health equity and reduce health disparities across the lifespan within the populations they serve. Disparities are observed across LHIs, including infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity, and reducing these disparities is a key strategy for improving health and well-being for all.

Objective:

This study was designed to answer the following research questions: (1) What programs and initiatives are organizations implementing to address the LHIs of focus - infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity? (2) How do organizations determine which programs and initiatives they will implement?

Design:

NORC conducted 9 qualitative interviews with Healthy People 2030 Champions, organizations dedicated to furthering Healthy People goals and objectives, who are working to address disparities within infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity through a variety of strategies, interventions, and programs.

Results:

Wraparound services, doula programs, and education and advocacy emerged as common strategies for addressing disparities in maternal and infant mortality. Organizations that are working to reduce household food insecurity and hunger implemented food pharmacies and support participant enrollment in federal food assistance programs. Interviewees shared strategies for determining programs to implement and continued program improvement including assessing community needs, leveraging partnerships, and measuring program success.

Conclusions:

Healthy People Champion organizations are using several multidimensional strategies to address infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity in their communities. These strategies, and the community-based organizations that implement them, are critical for addressing disparities in priority health outcomes among the people who have the greatest need. These findings offer insights into how local communities are tackling national priorities and underscore opportunities for more rigorous evaluation to demonstrate progress toward addressing disparities in the LHIs.