bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores que afectan el desarrollo de las competencias profesionales de los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicadas de Irán
Authors: Kazemi Noureddin , Kavousy Esmaiel , Moazemi Mojtaba
Published: January 2021

Este estudio propone diferentes enfoques y modelos para analizar los factores que afectan el desarrollo de las competencias profesionales de los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicadas (UAST) en la provincia de Teherán utilizando los puntos de vista de los profesores. Este es un estudio descriptivo correlacional cuantitativo aplicado. La población estadística incluyó a todos los 14000 profesores de la UAST en Teherán. Los estándares de muestreo se emplearon para seleccionar 384 participantes como muestra de investigación. Con base en el modelo conceptual, las preguntas e hipótesis de investigación se abordaron a través de un cuestionario elaborado por un investigador y los ítems extraídos de la muestra estadística. En las estadísticas descriptivas, la descripción de los datos se presentó a través de variables contextuales y primarias; sin embargo, el coeficiente de correlación producto-momento de Pearson, el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales y el análisis factorial se emplearon en las estadísticas inferenciales para analizar las hipótesis de investigación. Según los datos de la investigación, la mejora efectiva de la enseñanza y la capacitación de los profesores tuvo el mayor y menor impacto, respectivamente, en el desarrollo de sus competencias profesionales en la UAST. Se informó que los coeficientes beta estandarizados de estas dos variables eran 0.591 y 0.368, respectivamente.
Age and Growth of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) from Merzimen Stream, Euphrates River Basin, Turkey
Authors: ÇİÇEK Erdogan , SEÇER Burak , ÖZTÜRK Selda , SUNGUR Sevil
Published: January 2021

This study was carried out to determine the population parameters of Garra rufa in Merzimen Stream, Euphrates River Basin between May and November 2013. A total of 365 specimens were caught by electro shocker. The age of the sampled specimens ranged from 0 to V age groups. Total length and weight varied from 2.9 to 16.8 cm with a mean of 9.67±3.52 cm and 0.21 to 69.27 g with a mean of 15.69±14.75 g, respectively. The length-weight relationship was obtained as W=0.0124L2.9888 and the b value indicated the isometric growth. Estimated population parameters were calculated as L∞: 19.98 cm, k: 0.275, t0: -1.157. Fulton’s condition factor and growth performance index were estimated as K: 1.24 and Φꞌ: 2.04. Total (Z), natural (M), and fishing (F) mortalities and the exploitation rate (E) were estimated 0.452, 0.295, 0.156, and 0.347, respectively.
Socio-Economic and Cost Benefits of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Marketing in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: DİENYE Henry , OLOPADE Olaniyi , OBI Celestina Oluchi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the cost-benefit of catfish marketing in Obio- Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. A random sampling technique was adopted in sampling 60 catfish marketers in 5 catfish markets for the study. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression models. Results showed that all respondents were female within the active working-age of 31-50 years. Married catfish marketers were 33.3%, and 80% had formal education. The profitability of catfish marketing indicated a total mean total variable cost (TVC), ₦68,119.17, the total mean total fixed cost (TFC), ₦2,131.75, the total mean total cost of production (TCP), ₦70,250.92, mean total revenue (TR) recorded ₦181,000.00, and mean net income (NI), ₦137,572.08. mean gross margin value (GM) recorded ₦139,635.83, while the profitability index (PI) 1.31. The variables which influenced the profitability of catfish marketing were age, educational level, number of the sales point, and capital. The high cost of transportation, unstable price, and poor access road were the major constraints to catfish marketing. The source of startup capital was personal savings It is recommended that catfish marketers form a cooperative society to enhance their access to finance and regulate pricing with relevant variables that significantly influenced net income and should be considered in policy issues.
Применение деревьев решений для анализа сильных позиций текста в задаче атрибуции произведений Ф. М. Достоевского
Authors: Рогов Александр Александрович , Лебедев Александр Александрович , Абрамов Роман Владимирович , Москин Николай Дмитриевич , Кулаков Кирилл Александрович
Published: January 2021

В работе рассматривается совокупность статей Ф.М.Достоевского и других авторов (М.М.Достоевский, Н.Н. Страхов, А.А.Головачев, И.Н.Шилль , А.Григорьев, А.У.Порецкий , Я. П. Полонский), опубликованных в журналах «Время» и «Эпоха» в период 1861-1865 гг. В текстах выделялись фрагменты размером 500, 700 и 1000 слов. При этом для увеличения объема выборки использовался шаг для отсчета начала следующего фрагмента: 100, 200 слов и т.п. На основе частеречного распределения фрагментов текстов были построены деревья решений, в узлах которых находятся условия ветвления, основанные на частоте встречаемости той или иной n-граммы (последовательности из n закодированных частей речи). Анализ сильных позиций данных текстов (т.е. фрагментов, расположенных в начале или в конце текста) с помощью деревьев решений показывает возможность стилистической правки, которую вносил Ф. М. Достоевский в тексты изначальных авторов. Для проведения исследования использовалась информационная система СМАЛТ («Статистические методы анализа литературных текстов»), где была реализована автоматизированная разметка произведений с ручным контролем специалистов-филологов.
Разработка и реализация методов генерации правил для автоматической проверки правописания
Authors: Бахвалов Павел Ярославович
Published: January 2021

Задача автоматической проверки правописания является актуальной: Количество написанного текста увеличивается с каждым годом, также, как и количество людей, начинающих изучать новые языки, и всем нам, как людям, свойственно делать ошибки. Существует два основных подхода к решению данной задачи: подход, основанный на машинном обучении, и подход, основанный на правилах. Первый имеет более высокое качество и не требует привлечение лингвистов, но с другой стороны второй позволяет объяснить пользователю причину ошибки и требует значительно меньше вычислительных ресурсов. Эти подходы можно комбинировать, объединяя их преимущества, и получать выигрыш в качестве. В настоящей работе представлен способ автоматического получения правил из аннотированного набора данных, которыми могут быть расширены системы автоматической проверки правописания после добавления описания. За основу был взят подход Transformation-Based Learning (TBL), который был доработан для использования на данных с большим количеством признаков. В результате были сгенерированы 1238 правил для 36 категорий ошибок. После этого, существующая система по проверке правописания LanguageTool была расширена полученными правилами и показала улучшение качества работы.
Hafif dereceli obstrüktif uyku apne sendromlu olgularda D vitamini suplemantasyonunun antropometrik ölçümler ve vücut bileşimine etkisi
Authors: AYYILDIZ Feride , YILDIRAN Hilal , KÖKTÜRK Oğuz
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma hafif dereceli obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OSAS) tanısı alan olgularda D vitamini suplemantasyonunun antropometik ölçümler ve vücut bileşimine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Polisomnografi ile hafif dereceli OSAS tanısı alan ve D vitamini düzeyi yetersiz olan 20 yetişkin erkek (19-64 yıl) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Olgulara sekiz hafta süresince 50.000 IU/hafta D3 vitamini suplemantasyonu verilmiştir. Çalışma başında ve sonunda tüm olguların bazı antropometrik ölçümleri (vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, bel, kalça ve boyun çevresi) alınmış ve vücut bileşimi analizleri yapılmıştır. Enerji ve besin ögesi alımları çalışma başında ve sonunda alınan 3 günlük bireysel besin tüketim kayıtları ile hesaplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Serum D vitamini düzeyi başlangıçta 19,1±5,16 ng/mL iken suplemantasyon sonrası 41,6±10,25 ng/mL’ye yükselmiş ve olguların %90’nın D vitamini düzeyi normal sınırlara ulaşmıştır. D vitamini suplemantasyonu sonunda olguların antropometrik ölçümleri ve vücut bileşimlerinde anlamlı fark olmamıştır. D vitamini suplemantasyonu sonunda diyet enerji, protein, yağ alımlarında ve apne hipopne indeksinde anlamlı azalma saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Hafif dereceli obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu tanısı alan olgularda D vitamini suplemantasyonun enerji ve besin ögesi alımını etkileyebileceği görülmüştür. Ayrıca yetişkin olgularda D vitamini suplemantasyonunun hastalık prognozuna olumlu etkisinin olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak D vitamininin vücut bileşimi ve antropometrik ölçümler üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla daha büyük örneklem ile uzunlamasına yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Diyabetli bireylerde aile desteği ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki
Authors: YILDIZ ASLAN Gamze , TEKİR Özlem , YILDIZ Hicran
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada diyabetli bireylerde aile desteği ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini, Balıkesir Devlet Hastanesi Endokrinoloji Kliniği’nde tedavi gören bireyler; araştırmanın örneklemini ise araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 260 diyabetli birey oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama formları olarak; Anket Formu, Hensarling’in Aile desteği ölçeği, Diyabete Özgü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Yaşam Kalitesinin alt boyutu olan aile durumu puanı ile Hensarling’in Diyabet Aile Destek Ölçeği toplam puanı ve alt boyut puanlarıyla arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki vardır. Aile durumu puanı arttıkça Hensarling’ in Diyabet Aile Destek Ölçeği toplam puanı da artmaktadır. Diğer alt boyut puanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmamaktadır.

Sonuç: Diyabetli bireylerin Yaşam Kalitesi alt boyut puanı olan aile durumu puanı arttıkça Aile Desteği Ölçeği toplam puanı ve alt boyut puanları artmaktadır.
Evaluation of spontaneous gingival bleeding and related drug withdrawal frequency in atrial fibrillation patients using oral anticoagulants: a case-controlled study
Authors: ÖZCAN Mustafa , KOCA Hasan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of gingival bleeding (GB) and associated drug-withdrawal in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients using oral anti-coagulants (OAC).

Materials and Methods: 457 patients with AF receiving OAC were screened. The periodontal parameters and OAC drug-withdrawal of 32 patients with spontaneous GB were compared with 32 patients without bleeding who were matched for age, sex and OAC treatment protocol.

Results: GB was detected in 32 patients (7.0%) and 13 of these patients (40.6%) had OAC drug-withdrawal due to bleeding. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depths (PPD) were significantly higher in patients with GB. The GI scores independently determined the risk of OAC drug-withdrawal.

Conclusion: AF patients under OAC treatment may have significant rates of GB and subsequent OAC withdrawal due to pre-existing periodontal disease. The GI scores and GB can predict the risk of OAC drug-withdrawal. The periodontal examination and/or treatment of these patients should be performed before OAC treatment.
Coronavirus
Authors: Rubio Nistal Pedro Miguel , Carvajal Urueña Ana María
Published: January 2021

Las enfermedades causadas por coronavirus son conocidas y han sido estudiadas en veterinaria muchos años antes que en medicina humana por su importancia y por sus efectos en distintas especies de aves y de mamíferos. La primera vacunacontra una enfermedad por coronavirus en animales, la bronquitis infecciosa aviar, se desarrolló en 1950 mientras que el primer coronavirus humano se describióen 1965.En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión histórica de los aspectos que pueden ser más interesantes de las enfermedades causadas por coronavirus, aportando algunas experiencias propias con enfermedades causadas por coronavirus en el cerdo, algunas de ellas emergentes e ilustrativas de lo que son estas enfermedades.Se resaltan las características epidemiológicas de las zoonosis causadas por coronavirus, su origen y el carácter preocupantemente emergente de las mismas enmedicina humana; es por esto que el conocimiento de los antecedentes de la pandemia actual causada por SARS-CoV-2 resultan muy elocuentes a la hora de interpretar la actual emergencia sanitaria, que aunque sorpresiva no resulta unhecho inesperado. What do you want to do ?New mailCopy What do you want to do ?New mailCopy
PREDICTION SULPHURIC ACID AND WATER VAPOUR DEW POINT TEMPERATURES OF FLUE GASES AND COMBUSTION ANALYSIS FOR SOLID FUELS IN TURKEY
Authors: TERHAN Meryem
Published: January 2021

In the study, the combustion analysis is examined for the solid fuels in Turkey. The principal aim of the analysis is determined the limits and obstacles in the design heat exchanger to avoid the corrosion risk on the heat exchanger surfaces in the latent heat recovery applications from waste flue gas. To do this, in which regions of the
heat exchanger the flue gas temperature reached to the sulphuric acid and water vapour dew point temperatures are required to predict. In order to predict the condensing zone, an air preheater for the coal-fired boiler in a heating system is designed using finite difference method. Designed the air preheater is consists of the counter-cross flow, Ushaped stainless steel tube bundle. The tube is discredited 200 cells to one-dimensional during the flow. The heat transfer rates, the flue gas and air inlet and outlet temperatures, surface temperatures of the tube wall, the mole fractions of water and sulphuric acid vapour, the other non-condensing gases in the flue gas are calculated in each discrete cell. According to the results of the study, while the dew point temperature of the water vapour changes over the range 30-40 °C, the acid dew point temperature waves to 125 °C from 140 °C for the coal types mined in Turkey.
Comparing the effect of ladies’ finger water with fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a randomized controlled trial
Authors: R. Radhika , M. Navaneetha , K. Ravichandran , P. Hemavathi
Published: January 2021

Background: The primary aim of managing diabetes is to maintain blood glucose level to prevent diabetes induced complications. Studies showed that ladies finger and fenugreek seeds are blood sugar stabilizer. The objective of this randomized active controlled trial was to assess the effect of ladies finger water versus fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subject with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Total of 180 study participants were selected and equally assigned to three groups by computer generated randomization. Group 1-received ladies finger water and oral antidiabetic drug (OAD); group 2-received fenugreek seeds water and OAD; group 3-received only OAD for 15 days. Pre and post intervention fasting blood sugar (FBS) was assessed by accu-chek Performa glucometer. Wilcoxon signed rank test; one-way analysis of covariance followed by post hoc test with Bon-ferroni correction was done.

Results: Analysis was done based on 168 subjects. There was a significant reduction in FBS level with the mean difference of group 1-21.0 mg/dl (p<0.001), group 2-20.3 mg/dl (p<0.001) and group 3-4.7 mg/dl (p=0.068). No significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p=1.00), but significant difference found between group 1 and group 3 (p=0.032); group 2 and group 3 (p=0.012). Both ladies finger water and fenugreek seeds water were superior in reduction of FBS than OAD.

Conclusions: Ladies finger water or fenugreek seeds water can be used as adjunct along with OAD to control type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 
Clinical trials of anticoagulation in COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Tracey Olivia , Ramaswamy Srinath , Levine Steven R.
Published: January 2021

A high prevalence of thrombotic events is observed in coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). Optimal anticoagulation becomes a critical part of treatment and higher-dose prophylactic anticoagulation is being practiced. Prospective evidence to confirm the safety and efficacy of these regimens is lacking. We performed a systematic review of existing studies of anticoagulation in COVID-19. The ClinicalTrials.gov registry, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT) were searched from inception to September 1, 2020. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed. We identified 36 clinical studies involving anticoagulation in COVID-19. Most common study location was the United States (n=12, 33%). Thirty studies were randomized-controlled (83%) of which 22 were open-label. Median sample size was 309 (IQR 139-952) and study duration was 233 days (IQR 174-357). Most common study setting was critical and non-critical care (n=21, 58%). Most common single primary outcome was all-cause mortality (n=15, 42%) but thrombotic events represent the overall most common primary outcome (n=28, 77%). Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was the most common agent studied (n=25, 69%) followed by unfractionated heparin (UFH) (n=14, 38.8%) and factor Xa antagonists (n=8, 22.2%). Therapeutic-intensity prophylaxis was the most common dosage regimen studied in comparison to routine thromboprophylaxis dose in 76% and 86% of studies with LMWH and UFH respectively. Five studies (14%) used intermediate-dose prophylaxis. Bleeding is studied as an outcome variable in 19 studies (53%). Our review identifies studies of anticoagulation in COVID-19 and the pharmacological agents used, dosage intensities, and the outcomes analyzed.

 
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: diagnosis, management and challenges in clinical trials: an Indian perspective
Authors: Ang Ena Lyn R. , Sison Ma Cecilia M. , Ghaisas Saket M. , Cama Rashna C.
Published: January 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), its progressive form, is rapidly becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation. There is a huge unmet need in the management of NAFLD and NASH. The key challenge is that NAFLD/NASH remains to be an under recognized disease despite its increasing prevalence, and early diagnosis is crucial to reduce the risk of progression and its consequent complications. In India, cases of NAFLD/NASH may go undetected due to lack of awareness and absence of a structured patient referral pathway. Efforts to increase patient and physician awareness along with standardization of local management guidelines for NAFLD and NASH can help improve patient care in India. Another major concern is the lack of approved NASH therapy; in order to address this issue, there has been a global surge in clinical trials. However, many countries, including India, have encountered challenges in the conduct of these trials related to patient recruitment and retention, lack of validated less invasive diagnostic tests, and the effect of placebo response on trial outcomes. Measures to improve the NAFLD and NASH clinical trial environment can help accelerate the approval and availability of better treatment options for NASH.

 
Correlation between corrected serum calcium and serum albumin in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in North central, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Ozohu A. , Mohammed Shamsudeen , Abdullahi Yakubu
Published: January 2021

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition caused by alteration of glomerular membrane permeability resulting in a net loss of protein, and vitamin D binding proteins in urine leading to hypoalbuminaemia and hypocalcaemia. A positive correlation between serum albumin and ionized calcium in childhood nephrotic syndrome has been described but the correlation between total serum calcium or corrected serum calcium and serum albumin has not been extensively described.Methods: This study was carried out at Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia Nigeria. Fifteen children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were recruited consecutively as the cases, 15 age and gender matched healthy children were recruited as the controls. Total serum calcium and albumin was assayed in all these children. Corrected serum calcium was calculated for the cases. Tests of correlation was carried out to see if there was any relationship between corrected or total serum calcium and serum albumin.Results: The mean total serum calcium and serum corrected calcium levels in the cases was 2.04±0.34 mmol/l and 2.5 mmol/l respectively. The mean total serum calcium was 2.12±0.32 mmol/l for the controls. The mean serum albumin level was 14.7±4.1 g/l and 34.6±2.7 mmol/l for the cases and controls respectively. A negative and weak correlation was found between serum albumin and corrected serum calcium and a similar negative correlation between serum albumin and total serum calcium.Conclusions: The common reports of a positive correlation between serum ionized calcium and serum albumin cannot be applied to total or corrected serum calcium and serum albumin.
Survival rate and length of stay of preterm babies less than 1500 grams in a neonatal unit in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: West Boma A.
Published: January 2021

Background: The survival rate and length of stay of preterm babies which is usually of concern to both parents and clinicians is critical in counselling parents at the time of admission and also assesses the efficiency of the neonatal unit thus necessitating the present study.Methods: A prospective study carried out over 30 months in the neonatal unit of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.Results: Of 115 preterm babies <1500 gm studied, commonest gestational age and birth weight were 30 weeks 25 (21.7%) and 1000-1199 gm, 35 (30.4%) respectively. There were 100% survival rates for preterms delivered at 31 weeks, 33 weeks, 34 weeks and 36 weeks gestation; 0% survival at 25 weeks and 25% at 24 weeks and 26 weeks gestation. Survival rate was highest among birth weight 1400-1499 gm (89.2%) and lowest with birth weight <1000 gm (30.4%). Length of stay was longest with gestational age of 24 weeks (62.00±0.00 days) and birth weight <1000 gm (57.71±9.96 days) and shortest for gestational age of 35 weeks (20.00±0.00 days) and birth weights 1400-1499 gm (31.92±12.12 days). Survival status was significantly associated with gestational age and birth weight, p value <0.0001. Preterms with early onset sepsis and severe anaemia were significantly associated with length of stay, p value <0.05.Conclusions: The survival rate of preterms <1500 gm increase with increasing gestational age and birth weights while the length of stay increase with decreasing gestational age and birth weight. These findings will therefore form part of the counselling given to parents/caregivers during admission of their preterm babies.
Predictors of deranged SPO2 and hypoglycaemia in neonates to assess neonatal survival and outcome by Rewa scoring system
Authors: Minarey Naikey , Gornale Vinod Kumar , Gada Sandeep , Singh Jyoti , Singh H. P.
Published: January 2021

Background: Early referral to proper level of neonatal care is vital for neonatal survival. Deranged physiological status studied at the time of admission can be predictive of neonatal outcome. The present study was done in an attempt to discover statistically significant, more objective and feasible variables easily assessable by simple low cost devices for identification of sick newborns in need of stabilization and referral to tertiary facility based care. Primary objective was to study predictors of deranged neonatal percentage saturation of oxygen in blood as well as for neonatal hypoglycemia. Secondary objective was to develop a scoring system comprising of both subjective and objective variables to assess neonatal outcome.Methods: It was a prospective cohort observational study conducted at outborn neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary level care hospital in Central India. Participants were all outborn neonates of age less than or equal to 28 days from March 2013 to May 2013 admitted in NICU.Results: A significant association was found between percentage saturation of oxygen in blood (SpO2) and other deranged neonatal pathophysiological variables i.e. hypothermia (p=0.001); delayed CRT (p=0.001); gestational age (p=0.002); cyanosis (p=0.003); respiratory distress (p=0.001). On applying multivariate binary logistic regression, hypothermia was found to be an important predictor of hypoglycaemia. The survival percentage was 91.5%, 87.7%, 76.5% and 20% with the scores of less than 5, score 6-10, score 11-16 and score >16 respectively.Conclusions: The scoring system based on both subjective and objective predictors is useful for timely identification and early referral of high risk neonates from primary and secondary level care to higher level. A high score predicts a poor outcome.
Assessment of maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neonates at a tertiary hospital, Nalgonda
Authors: Reddy V. Mounika , Tanneru Shreya , Thomas Suresh R. J.
Published: January 2021

Background: Low birth weight continues to be the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Birthweight and gestational age are important factors for survival, growth, and overall development of the child. In India, the prevalence of low birthweight has decreased from 20.4% to 16.5% in last decade.1 Although the prevalence of LBW neonates in India has declined over past decade, the extent of decline is only modest. Therefore, there is still need for the study of modifiable risk factors associated with low birth weight. The objective of the study was to identify the maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight in the babies admitted to Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally.  Methods: A hospital based observational study was carried out in Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences among 91 mother/newborn pairs using interviewer administered questionnaire.Results: This study revealed that 29.67% infants were born low birth weight. The risk of LBW was higher among mothers of age<20 years (16.48%) and BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (17.58%). Mothers who are anemic (21.98%) and suffering from chronic maternal illness (15.38%) were at high risk of giving birth to low birth weight baby. The likelihood of giving LBW baby was higher among multiparous (18.68%) than primiparous women.  Conclusions: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be very high and it was associated with many risk factors related to maternal health. Hence it is recommended to improve maternal health through strengthening the existing maternal services at the basic level of community.
The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures
Authors: Kalmani Mallikarjun , Basavaraj . , Sanikam Hareesh , K. Pushpalatha , S. Uday Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background: Febrile seizures are seizures that occur in children between  6 months and 60 months of age , with body temperature of 38ºC or higher not resulting from Central Nervous System (CNS) infection or any metabolic imbalance without any prior afebrile seizures. Among many risk factors identified for febrile seizures, iron deficiency is hypothesized to be one of the risk factor for occurrence of febrile seizures.Methods: A total of 100 children aged between 6 months to 5 years were included in the present study and were  further divided into 2 groups of 50 each, as cases and controls. Control group consisted of age and gender matched children admitted with acute febrile illness without seizures. A detailed history was taken and clinical examination was done in both cases and controls with particular attention to development delay and family history of seizure. Complete haemogram, iron profile and other appropriate investigations were done in both the groups and results were compared.Results: The mean age of onset of febrile seizures was 32 months. There was slightly male predominance, with male: female ratio of 1.27:1. Majority of children with febrile seizures were found to have iron deficiency anemia as opposed to children in control group which was statistically significant. (76% vs 28%), p-value<0.001. All the indices of iron deficiency anemia, like haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, serum iron, serum ferritin were low in febrile seizures group compared to control group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value<0.001).Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was more frequent among children with febrile seizures. The result suggests that IDA may be a risk factor for febrile seizures. Early detection and timely correction of iron deficiency may be of help for prevention of recurrence of febrile seizures in children of this age group.
Postnatal growth in very low birth weight babies fed on exclusive human breast milk
Authors: Bhattacharya Abhijit , Dhingra Sandeep , Adhikari Krishna M.
Published: January 2021

Background: Ideal preterm nutrition should sustain growth which mirrors the intrauterine fetal growth rate. Human milk provides complete nutrition to term infants and has been recommended as the exclusive source of feeding till first 6 months. Concern regarding growth faltering in preterms has precluded exclusive use of human milk for nutrition. The aim of this study was to document the growth rates of preterms fed exclusive human milk from birth to discharge from hospital.Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study in which all preterms admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with very low birth weight (VLBW) and gestational age of ≤35 weeks were enrolled consecutively over a one-year period. Fluid, electrolyte and human milk intake was managed as per the NICU protocol. Vitamins and mineral supplements were added as per unit policy. Pre-feed weight, occipito-frontal circumference, and length was recorded at pre-determined intervals till discharge.Results: Data of 37 infants was analysed. The most common morbidity was respiratory distress (29.73%) followed by birth asphyxia. Average time to regain birth weight was 13.61 days while mean increase in weight, length and OFC was 11.24 gm/kg/day, 0.60 cm/week and 0.59 cm/week respectively. The NICU length of stay varied from 9-76 days.Conclusions: Exclusive use of human milk is reliable in achieving growth in preterm VLBW babies. Though the rate of growth is not comparable to intrauterine growth rates, nevertheless in the absence of accepted standards for postnatal growth in preterms on exclusive human milk, the results are reassuring.
Incidence of congenital anomalies in newborns born to mothers with heart disease
Authors: R. Y. Kalpana , S. J. Patil
Published: January 2021

Background: Heart disease is seen in 1% pregnancies. Prior studies have either looked at only the prevalence of congenital heart diseases (CHD) in newborns or the congenital anomalies (CA) in babies born to those with chronic medical disorders as a whole. There is only sparse literature looking specifically at their prevalence in mothers with heart disease.Methods: We aimed to study incidence of CAs in newborns born to mothers with heart disease and to study other relevant outcomes like prematurity, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation which have significant associations with CAs. The present study was a descriptive study consisting of retrospective and prospective data and consisted of pregnant women with heart disease from 2006 to 2010 and their newborns.Results: 55 pregnant women with their 55 newborns were selected. Among the 55 newborns, 15% babies had congenital anomalies including CHD, 13% had only CHDs. 21% babies with CHDs were born to CHD mothers and none of the mother baby diagnosis was completely concordant. No statistically significant outcome of CA in newborns born to mothers with heart disease was found. No statistically significant associations among low birth weight, prematurity and CAs was found.Conclusions: 15% had congenital anomalies including CHD. No statistically significant outcome of CA in newborns born to mothers with heart disease was found. Since the study population comprised of a small sample size, significant derivations could not be made. Further studies are required in this direction to see if associations are significant.
Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage with a favorable neonatal outcome: a case report
Authors: Osman Mahmoud M. , Albadani Eiman S. , Abdel-Hamid Suzan , Alissa Mohammed S. , Hamdoun Sulafa A.
Published: January 2021

Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) indicates the passage of fetal blood into the maternal circulation. In most pregnancies, small amounts of fetal erythrocytes can cross over to the maternal circulation without causing problems for the fetus. On rare occasions, massive FMH can occur and causes profound fetal and neonatal anemia, which associate with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Herein, we present a case of massive fetomaternal hemorrhage and a favorable neonatal outcome. The infant was a late preterm male born via an emergency cesarean section due to fetal distress, he had severe anemia, and hypovolemic shock. He was successfully resuscitated and the anemia was adequately corrected through three PRBCs transfusions. Acute massive fetomaternal hemorrhage was diagnosed based on a positive Kleihauer-Betke test on the mother’s blood. The infant had normal growth and normal developmental milestones in the subsequent visits up to the age of 18 months.
The role of cardiovascular assessment in low risk thyroid neoplasm patients: results from a tertiary care center experience
Authors: Gay Stefano , Comina Martina , Teliti Marsida , Monti Eleonora , Albertelli Manuela , Porto Italo , Rosa Gian Marco , Bottiglieri Livio , Giusti Massimo , Ferone Diego
Published: January 2021

Background: After surgery, clinical approach to thyroid neoplasms often involves TSH suppression. An increased cardiovascular (CV) risk due to thyroid hormones excess has already been proved. Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of CV assessment in preventing new events and optimizing the follow-up of these patients.

Methods: After thyroidectomy for low risk thyroid neoplasms, a cohort of 108 women was retrospectively evaluated. A first examination (V1) at the end of primary treatments and a second one (V2) five years later were considered.  Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were performed in each examination. Patients were divided into 3 subclasses depending on TSH-suppression degree in the study period. New cardiovascular events, initiation of  new therapies and cardiovascular deaths were recorded.  

Results: The incidence of CV events was 7,4%. Patients age (p=0.032), previous CV events (p=0.001), use of lipid-lowering (p=0.002) and antiplatelet (p=0.027) drugs and diabetes mellitus (p=0,049) were associated with total CV events;  interventricular septum thickness, BMI and tryglicerides value with ischaemic events (sensitivity 66,6%, 100%, 80%; specificity 91,1%, 55,1%, 77,2%, respectively; p<0.001); TSH-suppression class with arrhythmic events (p=0.035); an increased left ventricular mass index ratio between V2 and V1 with both total (p=0.001) and ischaemic (p=0.002) CV events.

Conclusions: After primary treatments for thyroid neoplasm, a complete CV assessment is advisable in defining TSH-suppression target. Ultrasound parameters appear useful in evaluating CV risk both at baseline and during the follow-up. A periodic revaluation of those parameters may allow the prevention or early diagnosis of new events and complications.
Elucidative epidemiological study in female cancer patients
Authors: Pittala Manaswini , Tarannum Juveria , Ch Deekshitha , B. Pratap Reddy , Sunder A. Shyam
Published: January 2021

Background: As cases of cancer in women are increasing day to day, it is mandatory to assess risk factors associated with female cancer patients. Our study is designed to elucidate different reproductive factors associated with female cancer patients attending hospital.

Methods: 200 female patients who attended the hospital with cancer are studied by asking questions directly to patients following a standard questionnaire regarding reproductive factors like age at menarche, age at first child birth, age at first sexual intercourse, breastfeeding, age at menopause. It was a Retrospective study analyzed via MS Excel calculations.  

Results: In this study it explains that in female cancer cases, mostly patients were seen having early menarche, also women were in menopause stage mostly, and mostly lactating mothers with breast feeding frequency up to 1-2 years are seen. It also explains that in female cancer cases, women mostly had young maternal age at first child, with carcinoma of cervix and carcinoma of breast reported mostly.

Conclusions: In this study we conclude that in females who have early menarche, women with early age at first sexual intercourse, age at first pregnancy, are strongly interrelated and have increased risk of carcinoma. The changes which result in relative risk of cancer associated with menopause are believed to be due to increase in body mass index (BMI), which makes adipose tissue the main site of estrogen production after menopause. Hence, identifying these factors which may be associated with the process of carcinogenesis development in females.
An Indian diagnostic laboratory case report on mosaic chromosome 18
Authors: Sinkar Prachi , Pandita Minakshi , Iyer Sandhya
Published: January 2021

Distal 18q deletion syndrome, and ring chromosome 18 are structural abnormalities involving chromosome 18. Distal or terminal deletion event is characterized by deletion of a region from the terminal end of a chromosome, while in ring chromosome, the telomeric ends of both the arms of homologous chromosomes are lost, causing the sticky ends to fuse together to form a ring. Clinical findings vary in each case depending on the type of abnormality, and the region of chromosome affected. This case report focuses on the chromosome 18 abnormality detected in the proband tested with the clinical indication of cleft lip, congenital anomaly, and feeding difficulty. Parental karyotyping to rule out de-novo or abnormality due to inheritance, clinical correlation, genetic counseling and high resolution microarray was recommended.
Orange -Rind juice induced endothelialitis
Authors: G Pradeep Thanuja , Agrawal Pankhuri
Published: January 2021

We report an unusual case of accidental splash of orange - rind juice in a 21 year old patient’s right eye leading to his complaints of redness, watering, photophobia and haze in the same eye within 24 hours.

On examination patient had an uncorrected visual acuity of 6/60 with slit lamp evaluation showing right eye mild conjunctival congestion and central corneal oedema with a normal overlying epithelium. Anterior segment OCT revealed central stromal oedema with a central corneal thickness of 660µm. pH of the right eye was 6 which returned to 7 on thorough eye wash with normal saline.

Patient was diagnosed with endothelial injury and started on topical steroid-prednisolone acetate 1% along with lubricating eye drops to which patient responded well. After 48 hours, slit lamp examination showed resolving stromal oedema with an improved uncorrected visual acuity of 6/18 in right eye.

Ophthalmologists need to evaluate the plant juice induced keratitis and identify the corneal layer primarily affected. Treatment varies depending on the layer affected. Endothelial dysfunction responds to topical steroids and early recognition helps in prompt institution of treatment and thus restoring the endothelial function.
Myelin Oligocytes Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody positive bilateral optic perineuritis in a young male treated with steroids and fingolimod
Authors: Shah Dhaivat , Vaishnav Garima , Singh Rahul , Punamia Ravin , Damani Tina
Published: January 2021

A 25 year old male, chronic smoker presented with sudden diminution of vision and pain on ocular movement in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed both eyes optic disc swelling. Patient responded well to pulse dose intravenous Methylprednisolone (IVMP). MRI showed both eyes mild optic nerve sheath enhancement. Three month later, he came with blurring of vision in both eyes with right eye lateral rectus palsy. Atypical panel revealed Anti-MOG positive in serum. He was given IVMP and is started on oral Fingolimod, and is stable at present. We report a case of recurrent bilateral optic perineuritis with sero-positive MOG autoantibody and abducens nerve palsy.
Characterization of the Alphabet Reform Painting
Authors: ÇAKMAK Yıldız , KARADAG Recep , APOHAN Nilhan , ARAL Ömer Yiğit , ÇAKMAKÇI Emrah
Published: January 2021

The Alphabet Reform painting which shows Ataturk teaching the new alphabet is important for the history of the Republic of Turkey. This painting was made by Nazmi Ziya GÜRAN in 1933. The painting is now maintained by the Ministry of Interior. In this work, the Alphabet Reform painting was analyzed for characterization and restoration purposes. The fabric of the canvas, pigments (organic-inorganic) and the binder of paint were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis methods. The CIEL*a*b* color parameters of the paint were determined by color measurement spectrophotometer. According to the results; canvas was found to be of fibers of vegetable origin and the binders were determined to be linseed oil and dammar varnish. Red alizarin (madder lake organic pigment) and dark blue ultramarine pigments were detected as the organic pigments while CdS (yellow), Pb red (flesh color), PbCO3 (white), ZnO (white), BaSO4 (white), FeO (brown) and Cr2O3 (green color) were detected as the inorganic ones.
Performance, Serum Biochemical Profile, Slaughter Characteristics and Nutrient Retention of Vanaraja Chicks Fed Rice-based Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles in Diet
Authors: Raju M.V.L.N. , Rao S.V. Rama , Prakash B.
Published: January 2021

Background: In view of the increasing price of soybean meal, it has become necessary to use alternate protein sources in poultry diets. The feeding value of Rice-based DDGS (r-DDGS) was evaluated in the diet of Vanaraja chicks during the nursery phase of rearing. Methods: Two types of rice-based distillers dried grains with solubles (r-DDGS) having high (57%) and medium (47%) crude protein (CP) contents were evaluated separately at 5 and 10% levels in the diet of Vanaraja chicks on isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis and compared with the control diet without r-DDGS. A total of 300 Vanaraja chicks were divided at random into 5 experimental groups with 10 replicates of 6 chicks each and fed the diets during 0 to 6 weeks of life. Result: The body weight at 6 weeks was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher at the 5% level of r-DDGS and at the further higher level of 10% r-DDGS, the body weight, however, was similar to that of control. Feed intake was higher in the groups fed r-DDGS, whereas feed conversion efficiency was poor at the higher level of r-DDGS. Serum protein and cholesterol concentration, DM digestibility, protein retention, carcass yields and organ weights were not affected, except for the reduced weight of intestine in the groups fed r-DDGS. No significant differences were observed between the two types of r-DDGS for their effects on the variables studied. It is concluded that r-DDGS could be fed to Vanaraja chicks up to 10% in the diet without affecting growth performance, while beneficial effects on performance were noted at the lower level of 5% r-DDGS in the diet.
Interactions of Biochar Briquette with Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer for Controlled Nitrogen Loss in Soybean Intercopping with Melaleuca cajuputi
Authors: Alam T. , Suryanto P. , Kastono D. , Putra E.T.S. , Handayani S. , Widyawan M.H. , Muttaqin A.S. , Kurniasih B.
Published: January 2021

Background: Nutrient briquette and biochar are used to reduce nitrogen loss and improve soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of biochar briquette with ammonium sulfate fertilizer for controlled nitrogen loss in soybean intercropping with Melaleuca cajuputi. Methods: The study was conducted in the wet season from November to February 2020 at Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen Forest Section, Yogyakarta Forest Management District, Indonesia. The experiment was using a randomized complete block design factorial with three blocks as the response surface methodology. The treatments included different levels of biochar briquette from Melaleuca cajuputi waste (0, 2 and 4 grain plant-1 or 0, 5 and 10 tons ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer supplied by ammonium sulfate (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1) as independent variables. The observation parameters were nitrate reductase activity (NRA), total chlorophyll (TC), leaf photosynthesis rate (LPR), nitrogen loss (NL), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and seed yield (SY). Result: The optimum values of 3.70 grain plant-1 or 9.25 tons ha-1 biochar briquette with 76.31 kg ha-1 ammonium sulfate fertilizer decreased NL by 38.25% and increased SY by 13.02% compared with single ammonium sulfate fertilizer.
UN TRÍO EN EQUILIBRIO
Authors: Pacheco Figueroa Coral Jazvel , Valdez Leal Juan de Dios , Mata Zayas Ena Edith , Gama Campillo Lilia María , Moguel Ordoñez Eduardo Javier
Published: January 2021

La biodiversidad y el binomio salud-enfermedad tienen una relación triangular. El ser humano está acabando con la estabilidad de este triángulo, que mantiene la vida como la conocemos; a causa del aumento de la población y sus actividades que modifican los ecosistemas para satisfacer las crecientes demandas de alimentos, agua dulce, fibra, madera y combustible, entre otras necesidades. Teniendo en consecuencia cambios de uso de suelo, fragmentación y perdida de hábitat, que favorecen el contacto entre personas, animales domésticos y silvestres; lo que incrementa el riesgo en la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas, tanto emergentes como reemergentes. El mantenimiento de la biodiversidad representa una potencial solución ante la presencia de enfermedades, porque permite la regulación y amortiguamiento de las mismas. El descontrol de estas enfermedades lleva a presentar grandes pandemias, que además son zoonóticas. Entre ellas la peste negra, leptospirosis, dengue, ébola, chikungunya, COVID-19 y hasta la gripe común. Todas estas enfermedades tienen un factor común, que es la alteración del hábitat o condición ambiental ocasionado por causas antrópicas.
CORONAVIRUS EN AVES ACUÁTICAS
Authors: Núñez Nogueira Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Los coronavirus son agentes patógenos reconocidos por tener un origen animal y ser asociados comúnmente con los ambientes terrestres, particularmente a los mamíferos y aves. Dentro de ellos, existen reportes de su presencia en aves acuáticas, las cuales parecen ser el grupo principal en portar y circular este tipo de virus en poblaciones sanas, jugando así un papel importante para la presencia de estos virus en ambientes terrestres y acuáticos. Aunque la ruta de infección para el COVID-19 por esta vía, no ha sido demostrada a la fecha, existen casos de otras infecciones virales respiratorias, que han llegado a ser transferidas al humano, a partir de aves. Patos, cormoranes, garzas, playeros, gaviotas entre otros tipos, han mostrado ser portadoras de COVs, siendo los patos y gansos los grupos acuáticos para SARS-CoV.