bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrochemical Dynamic Characteristics and Evolution of Underground Brine in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam Basin Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: HU Shuya , ZHAO Quansheng , WANG Guangcai , ZHANG Jianwei , FENG Juan
Published: October 2018

The mineral rock salts present in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam basin exhibit high solubilities in water. In addition, the multicomponent underground brine exhibits a high salinity and is easily precipitated. In the natural state, brine transport in the brine layer is extremely slow, and the brine is in a relatively stable chemical equilibrium state with the rock salt media. However, during mining, both the seepage and the chemical fields fluctuate significantly, thereby disrupting the equilibrium and leading to variations in the chemical composition and dynamic characteristics of the brine. Therefore, we selected underground brine from the Mahai Salt Lake, collecting a total of 183 brine samples over three stages of mining (i.e., the early stage of underground brine extraction, the initial stage of mining, and the later stage of mining). Using a range of analytical techniques, the chemical dynamics of the underground brine water and its evolution were systematically studied. We found that evaporation and enrichment were the main mechanisms of underground brine evolution in the Mahai Salt Lake, with cation exchange and mineral dissolution/precipitation being key factors in determining the dynamic characteristics and evolution of the brine.
The Cretaceous Turn of Geological Evolution: Key Evidence from East Asia
Authors: NECHAEV Victor P. , DAI Shifeng , SUTHERLAND F. Lin , GRAHAM Ian T. , NECHAEVA Eugenia V.
Published: October 2018

this work focuses on one of the critical points of Earth's history when the Solar System passed through the most distant point of its galactic orbit. During this event, Earth may have suffered from maximum extension, associated with its relative proximity to the Sun at that time, followed by long‐term contraction related to its later distancing. This paper is based on generalized data on the Cretaceous evolution of the Earth as a whole and of East Asia in particular. The evidence suggests that major geological processes at this time may be interpreted as transitional changes in the state of Earth. A liquid nature of its core may have reacted to the gravitational and electromagnetic transformations. When the cosmic changes took place at 135–120 Ma, more turbulent flows in the outer core would have favoured the rise of voluminous magmatic plumes and associated fluid flows. These would substantially transform the mantle, crust, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. In particular, plume‐related melting of overlying subducting slabs and lower continental crust could have initiated numerous adakitic melts that formed the East Asian Adakitic Province. These and associated juvenile events produced numerous metallic ore, coal, gas and oil deposits. The Cretaceous is one of the most significant resource‐producing periods.
Role of interleukin‐17 in the pathogenesis of perianal abscess and anal fistula: a clinical study on 50 patients with perianal abscess
Authors: Wang Jian‐Ping , Cai Cheng , Du Jin‐Lin , Shi Hong‐Qi , Liu Qing‐Wei , Dai Zhi‐Hui , Zhong Zhi‐Feng
Published: October 2018

Background

To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)‐17 in tissue and peripheral blood of perianal abscess and anal fistula.

Methods

Patients with primary perianal abscess (n = 50) admitted to Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital between March 2003 and August 2004 were enrolled. Fifty patients with mixed haemorrhoids, who showed no perianal abscess or anal fistula, were also recruited as the control. After surgery, patients were followed up for 6 months. Protein and gene expression of IL‐17 was determined in surgically harvested anal tissues and peripheral blood, respectively. The relationship between IL‐17 and clinical pathological features were analysed.

Results

As shown by immunohistochemistry of anorectal tissues, the positive rate of IL‐17 protein was higher in the perianal abscess group than in the control group. In patients with perianal abscess, the expression of IL‐17 significantly correlated with the diameter of the abscess (P = 0.013), the wound surface healing time (P = 0.010) and the progression into anal fistula (P = 0.003). For the gene expression of IL‐17 in peripheral blood cells, the level was significantly higher in patients with perianal abscess comparing to the control group (0.4350 ± 0.1190 versus 0.1785 ± 0.1230, P ≤ 0.001). Comparing to the recovery group, patients with their perianal abscess progressed to anal fistula showed higher levels of IL‐17 gene expression (P = 0.014).

Conclusions

Expression of IL‐17 was increased in the anorectal tissues and peripheral blood of patients with perianal abscess and anal fistula. IL‐17 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of perianal abscess and anal fistula.
Children like it more but don’t learn more: Effects of esthetic visual design in educational games
Authors: Javora Ondřej , Hannemann Tereza , Stárková Tereza , Volná Kristina , Brom Cyril
Published: October 2018

Little is known about what design elements in digital learning games enhance learning; especially in the case of child audiences. This study examines the effects of a learning game’s visual design on perceived attractiveness and learning outcomes. We developed two visual designs for the game: one with supposedly high esthetic value and another with a low esthetic value. Participants (children between 9 and 11 years of age,N= 53) were randomly divided into two groups. Each group interacted with their assigned version for about 20 minutes and then evaluated its visual attractiveness without knowing about the other version. Then, they evaluated the attractiveness of the complementary version. As the next step, they evaluated both versions side‐by‐side. During the free‐choice period, children could continue playing one of the game versions or a different game. They clearly preferred the high esthetic version in evaluations (d> 0.86) and in the free‐choice period (62% preferred the high esthetic version of the target game), but this did not improve their learning outcomes (comprehension:d= –0.59; transfer:d= –0.16). Possible explanations of this effect are discussed in terms of cognitive load theory and cognitive‐affective theory of learning from media.
Evidence of human‐like Ca2+ channels and effects of Ca2+ channel blockers in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Baig Abdul Mannan , Rana Zohaib , Waliani Nuzair , Karim Saiqa , Rajabali Mehdia
Published: October 2018

The evolution of voltage‐gated calcium channel (Cav) in eukaryotes is an area of interest for biologists worldwide. The CLAN CL0030 and its family Ion_Trans 2 PF 07885 have been known to be present in prokaryotes, but the origin of these ion channels in Acanthamoeba spp. is yet to be determined. We inferred the origin of primitive forms of two‐pore channels like proteins, human‐like Cav 1.1 of L‐type, and Cav subunit alpha‐2/delta‐1 in Acanthamoeba spp. early during evolution. By in‐depth investigation into genomics, transcriptomics, use of bioinformatics tools and experimentations done with drugs like amlodipine and gabapentin on Acanthamoeba spp., we show the evidence of primitive forms of these channels in this protist pathogen. Genomics and transcriptomics of proteins ACA1_167020, 092610, and 270170 reflected their cellular expression in Acanthamoeba spp. We performed amino acid sequence homology, 3D structural modeling, ligand binding predictions, and dockings. Bioinformatics and 3D structural models show similarities between ACA1_167020, 092610, 270170, and different types of known human Cav. We show amoebicidal effects of amlodipine and gabapentin on Acanthamoeba spp., which can help design their structural analogs to target pathogenic genotypes of Acanthamoeba in diseases like Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.
Longitudinal changes in global cataract surgery rate inequality and associations with socioeconomic indices
Authors: Yan William , Wang Wei , van Wijngaarden Peter , Mueller Andreas , He Mingguang
Published: October 2018

Importance

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and the second leading cause of vision impairment. The majority of people with vision impairment reside in low‐resource settings with limited access to cataract surgery and services.

Background

Cataract surgery rate (CSR) is a proxy measure for eye care service delivery and estimating the burden of cataract disease. This research aims to evaluate the longitudinal changes of CSR inequality globally and by income groups.

Design

Systematic review.

Participants

Studies published from January 2000 to December 2015 were considered for inclusion into the review.

Methods

CSR data were retrieved from a systematic review of published literature (OVID Medline, Embase, PubMed, ISI, Web of Science), unpublished reports and data repositories.

Main Outcome Measures

Inequality of CSR was measured on a global scale and between countries grouped by income levels using the Gini coefficient and concentration index, with respect to the human development index (HDI).

Results

Overall, correlations between HDI and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita vs CSRs were observed with R2 values of 49.2% (β = 5.01, P < 0.001) and 38.9% (β = 0.56, P < 0.001), respectively. Analysis of longitudinal CSR data using generalized estimation equation models revealed strong associations between CSR and HDI (P < 0.001), GDP (P < 0.001) and the proportion of people aged ≥50 (P = 0.001). Overall, the trend of inequality in worldwide CSR remained relatively stable.

Conclusions and Relevance

Inequalities in cataract service provision were found between countries grouped by income and associated with socioeconomic indicators.
LOXL3 novel mutation causing a rare form of autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome
Authors: Chan Tin K. , Alkaabi Mohammed K. , ElBarky Ahmed M. , El‐Hattab Ayman W.
Published: October 2018

Stickler syndrome is a collagenopathy that is typically inherited as autosomal dominant disease caused by monoallelic mutations in COL2A1, COL11A2, and COL11A1. Rarely, biallelic mutations in COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3 cause an autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome. One previous report described two siblings with Stickler syndrome and a homozygous mutation in LOXL3, suggesting that biallelic mutations in LOXL3 can also cause autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome. LOXL3 is a member of the lysyl oxidase family of genes which encode enzymes oxidizing the side chain of peptidyl lysine permitting the covalent crosslinking of collagen and elastin chains. Therefore, LOXL3 deficiency is expected to result in collagen defect. Furthermore, Loxl3 deficient mouse model demonstrated features overlapping with Stickler syndrome. In this report, we describe a child and his father who had clinical features consistent with Stickler syndrome and found to have a homozygous novel mutation c.1036C>T (p.Arg346Trp) in LOXL3. This report not only supports that biallelic LOXL3 mutations cause autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome, but also further delineates the phenotype associated with LOXL3 mutations. In addition, the family described here shows an interesting example for pseudodominance, which can be observed in recessive diseases when one parent is affected and the other is heterozygous carrier.
Erythema elevatum diutinum a rare and poorly understood cutaneous vasculitis: A single institution experience
Authors: Sardiña Luis A. , Jour George , Piliang Melissa P. , Bergfeld Wilma F.
Published: October 2018

Background

Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a rare vasculitis with variable clinical presentation which diagnosis can be challenging. Herein we want to describe the clinicopathological spectrum of findings in five cases of EED.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed five cases in a single institution collected over a period of 27 years. The clinical history was collected and all the slides were examined to determine the histopathological characteristics of the lesions.

Results

The mean age of our patients is 56.6 years. Two of five patients were females and with lesions showing predilection for the upper‐extremities. The most common presentation was of an erythematous plaque on the extensor surfaces. Three patients had a history of neoplasm. All cases showed leukocytoclastic damage consistent with EED.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that EED shows a heterogeneous clinical and pathological presentation, which can show an overlap with granulomatous dermatoses and mixed connective tissue diseases. Scalp lesions can occur and can mimic granulomatous dermatoses. The finding of EED in benign and malignant solid tumors in three of our patients begs the question whether there is an association between EED and such solid neoplasms.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and Kimura disease overlap, with evidence of diffuse visceral involvement
Authors: Marka Arthur , Cowdrey Molly C. E. , Carter Joi B. , Lansigan Frederick , Yan Shaofeng , LeBlanc Robert E.
Published: October 2018

A relationship between Kimura disease (KD) and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) has been debated. Given substantial clinical and histological overlap, these entities were once considered to represent a disease spectrum; however, they are now widely considered to be nosologically distinct. A diagnosis of either condition is further complicated by resemblance to various malignancies, which must be carefully excluded. Coexistence of ALHE and KD in a patient is extremely rare, with only four cases reported in the English literature. We report what is to our knowledge the first case of ALHE and KD overlap with evidence of diffuse visceral involvement.
Cryptococcus‐like changes in the setting of vasculitis
Authors: Fresco Amber , Wang Jenny , Krausz Aimee , Chan Aegean , Franco Loren , Garelik Jessica , Gatica Michelle , Balagula Yevgeniy , McLellan Beth , Jacobson Mark , Amin Bijal
Published: October 2018

Cutaneous vasculitis has many underlying causes, and the clinical and histological findings often overlap. Inflammatory vasculitis can mimic infection; however, distinction is critical for the timely institution of appropriate therapy. We present two patients who had generalized polymorphous eruptions whose cutaneous pathology showed vasculitis with unusual haloed yeast‐like cells within the inflammatory infiltrate, mimicking Cryptococcus. The unusual cells stained negatively with Gomori methenamine silver and periodic acid‐Schiff fungal stains, but positively for CD68 and had cytoplasmic reactivity with antibody to myeloperoxidase (MPO). Both patients had positive serum anti‐MPO antibodies. The first patient experienced a rapidly fatal course, whereas the second patient improved with prompt initiation of systemic corticosteroids. Interestingly, the second case had prior biopsy showing Sweet syndrome with crypotoccoid‐appearing cells. Cryptococcoid cells have been described previously in association with neutrophilic dermatoses, but not in the setting of vasculitis as was seen in our patients. Our cases add to the existing literature on crypotoccoid mimickers, and are the first to be reported in association with vasculitis.
Influence of light on sound production behaviors in the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis
Authors: Silk Peter J. , Roscoe Lucas E. , Brophy Matt , Price Jessica , Ryall Krista L.
Published: October 2018

Recent research has demonstrated that the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), uses visual and chemical cues when locating potential mates and host trees. Here, we present the first evidence of the production of possible acoustic cues generated by adult males and females. We demonstrate for the first time that simultaneous wing opening and head ‘pumping’ in both males and females produce specific and distinct sounds. Acoustic recordings demonstrate that these sounds consist of a phrase comprising a ‘click’ generated by wing opening, followed by two separate chirps corresponding to the outward and subsequent inward movement of the head. Mean primary and secondary chirp durations were 0.332 ± 0.038 and 0.414 ± 0.046 s for males and 0.414 ± 0.046 and 0.389 ± 0.032 s for females, respectively. Overall mean phrase durations were 0.905 ± 0.114 s in males and 1.133 ± 0.133 s in females. Mean maximum phrase frequencies were 8 706.1 ± 141.1 and 7 885.0 ± 499.2 Hz in males and females, respectively. There were no significant differences in sound parameters between males and females. To determine whether these events were related to mating pair formation, we observed the occurrence of these events in adults paired with either another male or female and lone adults, and observed the number of mating pairs in copula formed during or shortly after sound production by either of the mating party. The mean number of sound‐generating events per min was significantly greater in males paired with females (0.75 ± 0.15) and/or other males (0.55 ± 0.23) vs. unpaired males (0.14 ± 0.06). Conversely, the mean number of sound‐producing events for lone females (1.4 ± 0.2) was significantly greater than for females paired with either males (0.49 ± 0.18) or other females (0.38 ± 0.10). No mating pairs in copula were formed during any of our observations. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of possible pars stridens and plectrum structures on the ventral surfaces of the gula and pronotum in both males and females. Furthermore, we observed that the proportion of males and females exhibiting these specific behaviors were significantly greater under both halogen and incandescent light than under darkness, signifying the importance of light source or type on the production of acoustic signals. Although we did not find evidence of these behaviors being related to the courtship sequence, our results indicate the presence of a previously undescribed sound‐generation behavior in A. planipennis that is significantly influenced by light conditions.
A prospective multicentre survey of complications associated with equine castration to facilitate clinical audit
Authors: Hodgson C. , Pinchbeck G.
Published: October 2018

Background

Despite the regularity with which castration is performed, the types of complications and current best practice are unknown.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to perform a prospective audit of routine equine castrations performed in general practice to determine complication rates and factors associated with them.

Study design

Multicentre, prospective audit of castrations.

Methods

Data on castrations were collected on the day of surgery from 18 veterinary practices; 30‐days post‐operatively follow‐up was obtained and complications recorded. Frequency of complications was reported, and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression models used to investigate factors associated with the most common complications of bleeding in the first 24 h, stiffness of gait and/or swelling and discharge and/or infection.

Results

Data were collected on 495 castrations performed by 53 participating veterinary surgeons. Over two thirds of surgeries were performed outside, 21% were performed under standing sedation and 79% with the horse recumbent. Almost all (98 and 97%) patients received preoperative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories (NSAIDs) and antimicrobials, respectively. One or more intraoperative complications were reported in 14.5% of procedures; most common were bleeding and excessive movement. Follow‐up to 30 days was available for 392 equids. One or more complications were reported in 44 castrations (11.2%). Swelling was the most common, then infection and stiffness of gait. Serious complications were rare.

Main limitations

It is possible that there was bias towards submission of data for procedures where complications occurred. The low complication rates reduced the power to determine factors associated with complications. Minor complications may go unreported by owners and may be underrepresented.

Conclusions

Overall complications associated with castration are low and mortality rare. Findings from this study can be used as guidelines for practices to perform regular audit to determine if their negative outcomes are comparable or warrant further investigation.
Combining probiotics and an angiotensin‐II type 1 receptor blocker has beneficial effects on hepatic fibrogenesis in a rat model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Sawada Yasuhiko , Kawaratani Hideto , Kubo Takuya , Fujinaga Yukihisa , Furukawa Masanori , Saikawa Soichiro , Sato Shinya , Seki Kenichiro , Takaya Hiroaki , Okura Yasushi , Kaji Kosuke , Shimozato Naotaka , Mashitani Tsuyoshi , Kitade Mitsuteru , Moriya Kei , Namisaki Tadashi , Akahane Takemi , Mitoro Akira , Yamao Junichi , Yoshiji Hitoshi
Published: October 2018

Aim

Intestinal endotoxin is important for the progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Circulating endotoxin levels are elevated in most animal models of diet‐induced non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NASH. Furthermore, plasma endotoxin levels are significantly higher in NAFLD patients, which is associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased intestinal permeability. By improving the gut microbiota environment and restoring gut‐barrier functions, probiotics are effective for NASH treatment in animal models. It is also widely known that hepatic fibrosis and suppression of activated hepatic stellate cells (Ac‐HSCs) can be attenuated using an angiotensin‐II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB). We thus evaluated the effect of combination probiotics and ARB treatment on liver fibrosis using a rat model of NASH.

Methods

Fisher 344 rats were fed a choline‐deficient/L‐amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet for 8 weeks to generate the NASH model. Animals were divided into ARB, probiotics, and ARB plus probiotics groups. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by evaluating liver fibrosis, the lipopolysaccharide Toll‐like receptor (TLR)4 regulatory cascade, and intestinal barrier function.

Results

Both probiotics and ARB inhibited liver fibrosis, with concomitant HSC activation and suppression of liver‐specific transforming growth factor‐β and TLR4 expression. Probiotics reduced intestinal permeability by rescuing zonula occludens‐1 disruption induced by the CDAA diet. Angiotensin‐II type 1 receptor blocker was found to directly suppress Ac‐HSCs.

Conclusions

Probiotics and ARB are effective in suppressing liver fibrosis through different mechanisms. Currently both drugs are in clinical use; therefore, the combination of probiotics and ARB is a promising new therapy for NASH.
The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and postnatal catch‐up growth: normal heart but thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal fat in late infancy
Authors: Sebastiani G. , García‐Beltran C. , Pie S. , Guerra A. , López‐Bermejo A. , de Toledo J. S. , de Zegher F. , Rosés F. , Ibáñez L.
Published: October 2018

Background

The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and postnatal catch‐up growth leads to a thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal fat by age 3–6 years.

Objectives

To study whether carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and pre‐peritoneal fat differ already between catch‐up small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants and appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) controls in late infancy (ages 1 and 2 years) and whether such differences – if any – are accompanied by differences in cardiac morphology and function.

Methods

Longitudinal assessments included body height and weight; fasting glucose, insulin, Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I), high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin; body composition (by absorptiometry); cIMT, aortic IMT, pre‐peritoneal fat partitioning (by ultrasound); cardiac morphometry and function (by echocardiography) in AGA and SGA infants at birth, at age 1 year (N = 87), and again at age 2 years (N = 68).

Results

Catch‐up SGA infants had already a thicker cIMT than AGA controls at ages 1 and 2 years, and more pre‐peritoneal fat by age 2 years (all p values between <0.01 and <0.0001); all cardiac and endocrine‐metabolic results were similar in AGA and SGA infants at ages 1 and 2 years.

Conclusions

From late infancy onwards, catch‐up SGA infants have a thicker cIMT and more pre‐peritoneal fat than AGA controls, but their cardiac morphology and function remain reassuringly similar.
Renal resistive index in hypertensive patients
Authors: Andrikou Ioannis , Tsioufis Costas , Konstantinidis Dimitris , Kasiakogias Alexandros , Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Leontsinis Ioannis , Andrikou Eirini , Sanidas Elias , Kallikazaros Ioannis , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: October 2018

Spectral Doppler ultrasonography provides the evaluation of renal resistive index (RRI), a noninvasive and reproducible measure to investigate arterial compliance and/or resistance. RRI seems to possess an important role in the evaluation of diverse cases of secondary hypertension. In essential hypertension, RRI is associated with subclinical markers of target organ damage and reflects renal disease progression beyond albuminuria and creatinine clearance. Also, RRI can estimate cardiovascular and renal risk. The evaluation of RRI may also help the therapeutic decisions. Given its simple assessment, RRI emerges as a simple method and a “multifunctional” tool that could help on the cardiovascular risk evaluation of the hypertensive patient.
Relationships between blood pressure measurements and target organ damage: Data from the Korea women's chest pain registry
Authors: Kong Min Gyu , Kim Hack‐Lyoung , Kim Myung‐A , Kim Mina , Park Seong Mi , Yoon Hyun Ju , Shin Mi Seung , Hong Kyung‐Soon , Shin Gil Ja , Shim Wan‐Joo
Published: October 2018

This study was performed to investigate the association between four BP measurements (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], mean arterial pressure [MAP], and pulse pressure [PP]) and four TOD parameters (left ventricular mass index [LVMI], E/e′, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], and obstructive coronary artery disease [CAD]). Data were obtained from a nation‐wide registry, composed of 652 patients (471 women, 58.4 ± 10.5 years) with suspected CAD who underwent elective invasive coronary angiography (CAG). A total of 217 patients (33.2%) had obstructive CAD (≥50%). In multivariable analyses, E/e′ was associated with SBP, MAP and PP, and CAD was associated with SBP and PP (P < 0.05 for each). All four BP measurements were not associated with LVMI and eGFR (P > 0.05 for each). In patients undergoing elective invasive CAG, SBP, and PP had stronger relationships with E/e′ and CAD than DBP and MAP.
Integrative network analysis reveals biological pathways associated with Williams syndrome
Authors: Kimura Ryo , Swarup Vivek , Tomiwa Kiyotaka , Gandal Michael J. , Parikshak Neelroop N. , Funabiki Yasuko , Nakata Masatoshi , Awaya Tomonari , Kato Takeo , Iida Kei , Okazaki Shin , Matsushima Kanae , Kato Toshihiro , Murai Toshiya , Heike Toshio , Geschwind Daniel H. , Hagiwara Masatoshi
Published: October 2018

Background

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been attributed to heterozygous deletions in chromosome 7q11.23 and exhibits a variety of physical, cognitive, and behavioral features. However, the genetic basis of this phenotypic variability is unclear. In this study, we identified genetic clues underlying these complex phenotypes.

Methods

Neurobehavioral function was assessed in WS patients and healthy controls. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood and subjected to microarray analysis, RNA‐sequencing, and qRT‐PCR. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was performed to identify specific alterations related to intermediate disease phenotypes. To functionally interpret each WS‐related module, gene ontology and disease‐related gene enrichment were examined. We also investigated the micro (mi)RNA expression profiles and miRNA co‐expression networks to better explain the regulation of the transcriptome in WS.

Results

Our analysis identified four significant co‐expression modules related to intermediate WS phenotypes. Notably, the three upregulated WS‐related modules were composed exclusively of genes located outside the 7q11.23 region. They were significantly enriched in genes related to B‐cell activation, RNA processing, and RNA transport. BCL11A, which is known for its association with speech disorders and intellectual disabilities, was identified as one of the hub genes in the top WS‐related module. Finally, these key upregulated mRNA co‐expression modules appear to be inversely correlated with a specific downregulated WS‐related miRNA co‐expression module.

Conclusions

Dysregulation of the mRNA/miRNA network involving genes outside of the 7q11.23 region is likely related to the complex phenotypes observed in WS patients.
Gerontodermatology: the fragility of the epidermis in older adults
Authors: Katoh N. , Tennstedt D. , Abellan van Kan G. , Saint Aroman M. , Loir A. , Bacqueville D. , Duprat L. , Guiraud B. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Duplan H.
Published: October 2018

The proportion of adults over 60 years of age is rapidly increasing and is estimated to reach approximately one‐sixth of the global population by 2030. An ageing population is a real challenge for healthcare resources, including dermatologists and geriatricians, as age‐related changes in skin integrity and barrier function make older adults more susceptible to developing skin pathologies such as pruritus, dermatitis and infections. Fragile skin arises from several interlinked causes, including age‐related changes in skin barrier integrity, previous and current lifestyle choices, skin pathologies and medical interventions. Dermo‐cosmetics can play a key role in enhancing skin care regimens and preventing pathologies in this age group. In vitro studies, clinical, and in‐daily clinical practice studies of dermo‐cosmetics have shown them to be effective in many skin conditions in older adults, like xerosis and pruritus. Incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD), a common condition arising from contact with irritants such as urine and faeces which can significantly impact the quality of life of sufferers, can also be improved with a barrier cream in incontinent patients aged 70 years and older. This supplement focuses on the increased fragility of older skin, the development of common skin pathologies and the efficacy and tolerance of dermo‐cosmetic products in older adults.
Safety and efficacy of a combination of pethidine and levallorphan for pain relief during labor: An observational study
Authors: Kinugasa Masato , Miyake Mayu , Tamai Hanako , Tamura Maki
Published: October 2018

Aim

To evaluate the safety, effect on breastfeeding and efficacy of a combination of pethidine and levallorphan (Pethilorfan) for pain relief during labor.

Methods

We compared maternal or neonatal morbidities, suckling difficulties in newborns and breastfeeding rates between 177 women who received 50–200 mg (as pethidine) of Pethilorfan during labor (Pethilorfan group) and 354 women who delivered their infants without analgesic drugs immediately before or after each woman in the Pethilorfan group (control group) from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2016. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses for comparison between the two groups. We also evaluated the efficacy of Pethilorfan retrospectively.

Results

The Pethilorfan group included more women with prolonged and/or operative deliveries than the control group. Nevertheless, no significant differences were seen between the two groups in the rates of Apgar scores less than 7 at 1 or 5 min, composite neonatal morbidities, hyperbilirubinemia or respiratory disturbances. The incidence of suckling difficulties lasting over 24 h and the breastfeeding rates at discharge or after 1 month were also similar. Maternal adverse effects of Pethilorfan were generally mild and transient. The efficacy ratio of Pethilorfan was 83.6%, although its analgesic effect was usually incomplete.

Conclusion

Pethilorfan can be used safely for labor pain relief without increasing maternal or neonatal morbidities, or impeding breastfeeding, if it is administered at a prudent dosage. Parenteral opioids including Pethilorfan should remain as an option for treating women in labor pain, particularly when epidural analgesia is not readily available or contraindicated.
Randomized Controlled Clinical Study to Determine the Oral and Dermal Tolerability of an Experimental Denture Wipe
Authors: Axe Alyson , Burnett Gary R. , Milleman Kimberly R. , Patil Avinash , Milleman Jeffery L.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To evaluate oral and dermal tolerance following use and user acceptability of an experimental denture‐cleansing wipe. An exploratory objective was to develop a method to assess denture wipe effectiveness in removing debris from denture surfaces.

Materials and Methods

This was a single‐center, randomized, controlled, parallel‐group, examiner‐blind study in participants with ≥1 full/partial denture. Participants were randomized to clean their dentures with the denture wipe (n = 76) or water (n = 76) up to 4 times per day for 14 days. Tolerability was assessed by treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), oral soft tissue examination, and lead hand dermatological assessment. Acceptability was assessed by questionnaire. The feasibility of a methodology to assess the efficacy of the wipe at removing food particles was also evaluated through determination of the mass of chewed peanut particles that the wipe removed after a single use (n = 31).

Results

The proportion of participants experiencing oral TEAEs by day 14 was 0.039% with the denture wipe (lip injury [n = 1], mouth injury [n = 2]) and 0.013% with the water rinse (coated tongue [n = 1]). There were no dermal TEAEs and no TEAE‐related study withdrawals. Skin irritation scores with the denture wipe remained unchanged from baseline. Comparing before vs. after cleaning with the denture wipe, a higher proportion of participants rated their dentures as feeling extremely/very fresh (28.9% pre‐/85.5% post‐cleaning), feeling extremely/very clean (34.2%/86.8%) and looking extremely/very clean (43.5%/85.5%). More denture‐wipe group participants than water‐rinse group participants were extremely/very satisfied with the amount of debris removed from their dentures (88.1% vs 72.4%). The methodology used to assess the weight of peanut particles captured from the wipes/dentures appeared to be a feasible investigation technique.

Conclusions

The denture wipe was generally well‐tolerated and had good user acceptability. The methodology for assessing the mass of peanut particles removed by denture wipes was successful.
Comparison of two minimally invasive enilconazole perendoscopic infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis
Authors: Vangrinsven E. , Girod M. , Goossens D. , Desquilbet L. , Clercx C. , Billen F.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To compare two minimally invasive enilconazole infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis and evaluate the importance of complete endoscopic debridement in determining first treatment success rate.

Materials and Methods

Data for 48 dogs with confirmed sinonasal aspergillosis treated with endoscopic debridement followed by per‐endoscopic enilconazole infusion were collected. Twenty‐four dogs were treated according to the previously published 1‐hour infusion protocol and 24 dogs underwent a simplified 15‐minute infusion protocol. Completeness of debridement, evaluated as partial or complete at the end of the procedure and outcome after one or several treatments were assessed in all dogs. Multi‐variable analysis was performed to derive odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

The median duration of the simplified protocol – 92∙3 minutes (range 40 to 140) – was substantially shorter than the duration of the previous protocol – 201∙3 minutes (range 120 to 265). First treatment success rates were 58 and 62∙5% for the previous and simplified protocol, respectively. Overall treatment success rate was similar in both groups (96%). Complete debridement was associated with an improved first treatment success rate compared to partial debridement.

Clinical Significance

The simplified protocol is a valid alternative approach to the treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis. Completeness of endoscopic debridement before infusion is an important step for the success of treatment in canine sinonasal aspergillosis.
Effects of dietary scallop and squid hydrolysates on growth of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax; California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi; and barramundi, Lates calcarifer
Authors: Lee Chong M. , Volson Barry , Kang Bouhee , Karayannakidis Panayotis D. , Gamez Elizabeth , Miller Jonas , Betty Gabriel , Andrikos Chris , Attwater Aaron , Bengtson David A.
Published: October 2018

Squid processing byproducts and scallop viscera were homogenized and subjected to hydrolysis at 55°C for 1.5 hr, followed by pasteurization at 75°C for 30 min. The respective hydrolysates were incorporated into diets in which 30–70% of fishmeal (FM) was replaced with soybean meal (SBM) and evaluated as is (wet), dried, or impregnated into SBM for their effects on growth of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax; California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi; and barramundi, Lates calcarifer, in a series of 8‐week experiments. No adverse thermal deterioration in the quality of hydrolysate occurred because of drum drying, compared to the wet hydrolysate. No differences were observed in growth of California yellowtail between SBM mixed with dry hydrolysate and SBM impregnated with wet hydrolysate. Dietary inclusion of hydrolysate improved feed attractability and growth and was beneficial in the early juvenile stage but not in the growout stage for European seabass and California yellowtail. However, in barramundi, no discernable benefit was observed from the addition of hydrolysates. The improved feed attractability and growth appear to be dependent on species and type of hydrolysate. The texture of fillets of yellowtail fed 70% FM replacement with SBM + squid hydrolysate diets was significantly firmer than without squid hydrolysate.
On Form, and the Possibility of Moral Beauty
Authors: Paris Panos
Published: October 2018

There is a tendency in contemporary (analytic) aesthetics to considerably restrict the scope of things that can be beautiful or ugly. This peculiarly modern tendency is holding back progress in aesthetics and robbing it of its potential contribution to other domains of inquiry. One view that has suffered neglect as a result of this tendency is the moral beauty view, whereby the moral virtues are beautiful and the moral vices are ugly. This neglect stems from an assumption to the effect that virtues and vices simply cannot be beautiful or ugly. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it develops an account of form, under which, it argues, possession of form suffices for an object’s candidature for beauty and ugliness. Second, it argues that, under the foregoing proposal, the moral beauty view turns out to be a coherent position, and so should be taken seriously in both aesthetics and ethics.
Two Species of Merely Verbal Disputes
Authors: Belleri Delia
Published: October 2018

It is common to criticize a debate by alleging that it is a “merely verbal dispute.” But how conclusive would an argument based on such allegations be? This article takes the material‐composition debate as a case study and argues that the merely verbal dispute objection is less decisive than one might expect. While assessing the dialectical effectiveness of the mere‐verbality move, the article also tries to mark some progress in the philosophical understanding and appreciation of the phenomenon itself of merely verbal disputes. Its contribution consists in shedding light on a distinction between the “faultlessness” and “faultiness” of a merely verbal dispute.
Externalism and Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Vogel Christopher A.
Published: October 2018

The method of Conceptual Analysis makes use of natural language speaker intuitions about the meanings of expressions, and relies on an externalist assumption about meanings—namely, that they can be given in terms of referential relations and truth. This article argues that this widely used methodology in metaphysics is troubled, because the assumed externalist hypothesis about natural language meanings is beset with trenchant obstacles in explaining linguistic phenomena. It argues that the use of Conceptual Analysis in metaphysical investigation inherits the difficulties for the externalist hypothesis generally assumed by metaphysical inquiry. It explores two cases of such investigation that serve to exemplify the breadth of topics susceptible to troubles with the externalist hypothesis regarding natural language meanings: the extended mind hypothesis and the metaphysics of causation.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Scale: A psychometric validation
Authors: Bouchoucha Stéphane L. , Moore Kathleen A.
Published: October 2018

Despite the mandated use of standard precaution guidelines to limit infection transmission in health‐care settings, adherence by health‐care professionals is suboptimal. There is currently no psychometrically‐validated scale to assess influences on workers' adherence. After the data collection was conducted, Michinov et al. (2016) published a questionnaire to determine sociocognitive determinants of adherence to Standard Precautions. The aim of the present study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of such a scale. Forty nine items were derived from interviews with 29 nurses and tested across two studies. Study 1 was a repeated‐measures survey using principal components analysis with data from 363 participants; a 29 item, five factor solution was extracted with good to acceptable internal reliabilities (α = .61–.85). Data from 122 of the original participants retested at 4 weeks showed intraclass correlations of .69–.84. Study 2, which was 6 months later, used confirmatory factor analysis with data from a second sample of 384 participants, and supported the five factor structure of leadership, justification, culture/practice, contextual cues, and judgement. The Factors Influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Scale has good psychometric properties and stability across time and samples. The scale is suitable for use with nurses, and its validation with other health‐care professionals and trainees is important in order to tailor effective interventions to promote adherence.
Geosimulation approach for filling the gap of non‐response smoking data from the census 2013: A spatial analysis of census area unit geographies
Authors: Tomintz Melanie N. , Barnett Ross
Published: October 2018

New Zealand has a goal of becoming a smoke‐free nation by 2025, with the aim of reducing smoking prevalence 5% or less. While the 2013 census provides good coverage about smoking prevalence, 9.3% of the population did not return valid responses. The aim of this article is to use the tool, spatial microsimulation, to estimate the missing non‐response data based on demographics and income at the census area unit (CAU) level to provide a more complete picture of the New Zealand smoking landscape. Results show that, including estimated non‐response data, only two CAUs meet the current smoke‐free goal.
Use of antifibrinolytics in pediatric cardiac surgery: Where are we now?
Authors: Faraoni David , Rahe Cornelius , Cybulski Karen A.
Published: October 2018

Fibrinolytic activation is a major and preventable source of bleeding in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Based on the existing literature (adult and pediatric; cardiac and noncardiac), prophylactic administration of antifibrinolytic agents can help reduce fibrinolytic activation, and consequently reduces perioperative bleeding and the requirement for blood product transfusion. Due to the increased risk of renal failure and mortality reported in adults undergoing cardiac surgery, aprotinin should not be considered as a safe option in neonates and children. Further well‐designed studies would be required before the prophylactic administration of aprotinin could be considered in pediatric cardiac surgery. The lysine analogs, tranexamic acid and ϵ‐aminocaproic acid,, should be considered as safe and effective antifibrinolytic agents. Although no major side effects have been reported following the administration of lysine analogs in children undergoing cardiac surgery, high‐dose tranexamic acid should not be recommended in order to avoid the increased risk of clinical seizures. Despite the recent advances made in our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid and ϵ‐aminocaproic acid,, the optimal plasmatic concentration to be targeted remains unknown. Further studies are therefore urgently needed to better define the optimal dose regimen to be used in neonates and children. In the meantime, the dose regimen published in the most recent pharmacokinetic studies can be used. Although no studies have assessed the effect of massive bleeding and transfusion on the plasmatic concentrations of the lysine analogs, additional boluses might be considered in the presence of bleeding and/or when signs of fibrinolytic activations are observed on viscoelastic hemostatic assays.
A quality improvement project to reduce postoperative adverse respiratory events and increase safety in the postanesthesia care unit of a pediatric institution
Authors: Xu Wenyan , Huang Yue , Bai Jie , Varughese Anna M.
Published: October 2018

Background

Quality improvement methods can identify solutions and make dramatic improvements in patient safety during daily clinical care. The science of quality improvement in healthcare is still a very new concept in developing countries like China.

Aims

We initiated a quality improvement project to minimize adverse respiratory events in our postanesthesia care unit with the guidance of an experienced quality improvement expert from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

Methods

We set up a quality improvement team that included anesthesia safety team members at Shanghai Children's Medical Center, and a quality improvement expert in pediatric anesthesia from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Data from the previous year were reviewed. After using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to access risks associated with the current process, a Key Driver Diagram and a Smart Aim were developed. Key drivers included establishing a safety culture, resource allocation to meet needs, education and training, standardization of care, improved communication and handoff, and enhanced detection, recognition, and response to adverse events. Using Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles of the improvement model, interventions were conducted to improve the process. The primary outcome was the percentage of postoperative respiratory adverse events in the postanesthesia care unit, and we calculated the average recovery time as a balancing measure. Data were collected and analyzed using a run chart and control chart.

Results

The median percentage of respiratory adverse events in postanesthesia care unit decreased from 2.8% to 1.4%. Respiratory adverse events were reduced by over 30% compared to the previous period with no significant change in mean recovery time.

Conclusion

Using quality improvement methods, we successfully reduced the percentage of respiratory adverse events in the postanesthesia care unit. This helped to establish a safety culture among the anesthesia staff. Quality and safety improvement can be successfully implemented in developing countries like China with collaboration with quality improvement experts from more experienced institutions.