bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Coagulation Factor XI Activity Levels in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary PCI
Authors: Spagnolo Marco , Ammirabile Nicola , Cutore Luigi , Di Leo Giacinto , Finocchiaro Simone , Giacoppo Daniele , Greco Antonio , Imbesi Antonino , Landolina Davide , Laudani Claudio , Mauro Maria Sara , Mazzone Placido Maria , Capodanno Davide
Published: January 2025

Background Although factor XI (FXI) inhibitors are currently tested for the prevention of thrombotic events, their early treatment could prevent thrombus consolidation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aims to characterize coagulation FXI levels and their variations in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods Patients with STEMI were prospectively enrolled between December 2023 and May 2024. FXI activity (FXIa) levels were measured at admission and after PCI (i.e., before discharge). Variations in FXIa levels were evaluated. Differences in indicators of thrombotic risk between groups with high and low FXIa variability were analyzed, and predictors of high FXIa variability were identified.

Results After screening, 54 patients with STEMI were included. The median FXIa level was 0.865 IU/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 0.554–0.978) at admission and 1.161 IU/mL (IQR 0.982–1.317) before discharge, with a median difference of +34.2% (p-value < 0.001). No significant differences were found in indicators of thrombotic risk between groups at high and low FXIa variability, except for the days intercurred between the assays (p-value = 0.016). Neither this nor other variables emerged as independent predictors of high FXIa variability.

Conclusion This study first reported an increase in FXIa levels from admission to discharge in STEMI patients undergoing PCI. Common indicators of thrombotic risk were not associated with FXIa levels or their variability. These findings aim to stimulate further research into anticoagulant therapies tailored to the patient's coagulative state and disease.
One-pot Three-component Construction of β, γ‐unsaturated α‐aminonitriles using TMSCN as Cyanide Source
Authors: Niu Pengxian , Wen Fei , Chen Guangyuan , Liu Tujun , Ding Zhe
Published: January 2025

An efficient method for synthesizing β, γ-unsaturated α-aminonitriles via a one-pot procedure using cinnamaldehyde, aniline and TMSCN as starting materials under catalyst-free conditions is reported. The one-pot three-component reactions proceed efficiently with a broad range of substrates and good tolerance for a diversity of functional groups. Notably, the process features a simple work-up procedure and does not require transition metal catalysts. Additionally, the reaction can be scaled up to the gram scale without loss of efficiency.
Synthetic Studies of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols: Asymmetric Construction of a Cyclohexanone Moiety
Authors: Nanataki Satoshi , Aoki Daisuke , Onozawa Hayato , Akiya Takashi , Okuyama Genki , Abo Kohei , Yoshida Keisuke , Ogura Akihiro , Takao Ken-ichi
Published: January 2025

As a common intermediate for polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, we successfully synthesized a cyclohexanone moiety that contains two adjacent stereocenters, including a quaternary carbon. Our synthetic strategy relied on an asymmetric Claisen rearrangement using Oppolzer’s camphorsultam and a regioselective Dieckmann condensation.
Feasibility of Pedal Access for Geniculate Artery Embolization
Authors: Hasan Eusha , Saifuddin Ali , Schuchardt Philip , Khoury Joe , Al-Roubaie Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Geniculate artery embolization is a treatment option for refractory knee osteoarthritis in patients unable to receive total knee arthroplasty. This case report describes two patients for whom pedal access was used to embolize the geniculate arteries due to challenging groin anatomy secondary to significant comorbidities (morbid obesity, proximal atherosclerosis). Both patients achieved marked pain relief and enhanced knee function at 1-month follow-up. These cases suggest that pedal access is a viable alternative, offering a promising approach for patients with unfavorable anatomy and comorbidities that make groin access impractical. Further research is needed to validate these findings in larger patient populations.
Measuring the effects of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) on fear of crime in public spaces
Authors: Senna Isangelo , Iglesias Fabio , Matsunaga Lucas Heiki
Published: January 2025

Despite decades of research on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), the specific impact of its dimensions on fear of crime (FoC) remains under-examined. This study investigates these effects by analyzing responses from 460 participants who evaluated photographs and completed the Situational Fear of Crime Scale for Public Spaces (SFS-Scale). The findings reveal that deficiencies in natural surveillance, followed by a lack of territoriality, are linked to heightened FoC. Moreover, natural surveillance emerged as a more significant predictor of FoC compared to territoriality. Additionally, police officers and military personnel reported lower levels of FoC than the general public. The study highlights the importance of understanding how CPTED dimensions shape public perceptions of safety. It also offers practical insights for the development of targeted public security policies. These findings suggest that CPTED principles can play a crucial role in reducing fear of crime and enhancing public safety in urban settings.
Semantic prosody of deictic verbs in the Holy Qurʾān: a corpus study
Authors: Al-Otaibi Ghuzayyil Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Studies that examine the semantic proprsody of words in the Qurʾān focus on words with negative or positive meanings as part of their denotations (i.e., core meanings). On the other hand, a few other studies place greater importance on collocates than on concordance lines or the pragmatic function of the phrase where the word occurs. Thus, the aim of the present study is to examine the semantic prosody of three groups of frequent deictic verbs in the Holy Qurʾān: (a) verbs denoting came as dʒaːʔ "Image missing", ħaˈḍara "Image missing", and ʔataː "Image missing", (b) those with the meaning of brought, such as dʒaːʔ (bi- "Image missing") "Image missing" and ʔataː (bi- "Image missing") "Image missing", and (c) verbs that mean sent (i.e., ˈnazzala "Image missing", ˈʔanzala "Image missing", ʔarsala "Image missing", baʕaθa "Image missing"). Some of the examined verbs are near synonyms, while others share the same root or word pattern. The study is qualitative and quantitative based on two corpora (i.e., the Qurʾānic Arabic Corpus and the Qurʾān Annotated Corpus in Sketch Engine). For the quantitative part, I used a number of statistical measures to identify frequent collocates of deictic verbs, and for the qualitative part, I checked concordance lines to decide on the evaluative meaning associated with each deictic verb. Further, a statistical test of ANOVA was used to identify which deictic meaning is significantly associated with which attitudinal evaluation. Results reveal that more than half of the deictic verbs (e.g., dʒaːʔ "Image missing" and ʔataː "Image missing" as came and brought and ˈʔaħḍara"Image missing" as brought) are negative. Further, verbs based on the same root or giving the same meaning do not necessarily suggest the same semantic prosody. More importantly, accompanying words no matter how significantly they occur with certain verbs are not sufficient to impose a certain semantic prosody on the verb in a specific context. This indicates that semantic prosody is determined by intentions, contexts, pragmatic functions, collocates, and grammatical constructions. Therefore, it is recommended that researchers examine the semantic prosody of other deictic verbs and analyse the role of prepositions following deictic verbs in determining the semantic prosody of verbs in the Qurʾān.
High-T
c superconductivity mechanisms in copper oxides (A Review)
Authors: Loktev V. M.
Published: January 2025

An attempt is made to carry out a comparative analysis and to consider the models of pairing mechanisms proposed for describing high-Tc superconductivity in copper oxides. The main attention is paid to specific features of these compounds reflected in their crystal, electron, and magnetic structure and determining possible mechanisms of pairing which ultimately ensure the formation of a superconducting condensate at a high critical temperature. One of the main aims of the review is a discussion of the unsolved problems in the theory of high-temperature superconductivity in layered copper oxides.
Low-temperature yield stress of Al–Li alloys
Authors: Isaev N. V. , Pustovalov V. V. , Fomenko V. S. , Shumilin S. È.
Published: January 2025

The dependence of yield stress on deformation temperature of Al–Li binary alloys is studied in the range 0.5–295 K. It is shown that the dependence becomes very weak during alloy aging. The temperature dependence is considered as a result of superposition of interaction mechanisms for dislocations with impurity atoms and coherent ordered δ′-precipitates.
Current–voltage characteristics of quantum tunnel junctions at low voltages
Authors: Bratus’ E. N. , Shumeĭko V. S. , Bezuglyĭ E. V. , Wendin G.
Published: January 2025

The dependences of de and ac Josephson currents in a quantum tunnel junction with an arbitrary transparency 0<D< 1 on bias voltage are investigated theoretically in the range of bias voltages much smaller than the energy gap. The physical mechanisms of formation of the superfluid and quasiparticle current components under adiabatic oscillations of Andreev’s localized states in the junction are considered.
Abrikosov–Josephson vortices
Authors: Aliev Yu. M. , Alfimov G. L. , Ovchinnikov K. N. , Silin V. P. , Uryupin S. A.
Published: January 2025

New results on nonlocal Josephson electrodynamics of vortices are reported.
Intrinsic de Josephson effect in naturally layered stacked structures based on BSCCO 2212 single crystal whiskers
Authors: Latyshev Yu. I. , Nevelskaya J. E. , Monceau P.
Published: January 2025

The dependences of the critical current Ic across the layers on a parallel magnetic field H have been studied on small area stacked junctions fabricated from perfect single crystal whiskers. The intrinsic de Josephson effect has been clearly demonstrated on structures with in-plane size L less than 20 μm. A dimensional crossover to monotonic size-independent behavior of Ic(H) has been observed with increase in L. The decrease of Ic(H) in this region is proportional to H in accordance with Fistul–Guliani theory.5
Thermal power and magnetothermal power in Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O
Authors: Aliev S. A. , Ragimov S. S. , Aliev V. M.
Published: January 2025

The temperature and magnetic field dependences S(T,B) of the thermoelectric power is measured in Bi-based superconducting ceramics. The effect of “premature” decrease in the thermoelectric power S, the broadening ΔT(B), kinks on the Bc2(T) dependence, and a strong decrease in S are observed in the normal phase near T>Tc. It is shown that the broadening ΔT(B) and the kinks on the Bc2(T) dependence are mainly due to anisotropy of Bc2, while the decrease in S(T) in the normal phase is associated with the simultaneous participation of electron and holes in conduction.
High-pressure spectroscopy of deep states induced by electron irradiation in A4B6 semiconductors: (A Review)
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Skipetrov E. P.
Published: January 2025

We present the results of experimental investigations of the energy spectrum of radiation-induced defects in electron-irradiated semiconductors based on A4B6 semiconductors Pb1‒xSnxSe and Pb1‒xSnxTe, obtained by using the high-pressure spectroscopy of localized states. The main attention is paid to the experimental detection of states induced by irradiation, interpretation of qualitative effects associated with redistribution of electrons in irradiated crystals between allowed bands and radiation-induced states under pressure, construction and substantiation of models describing the reconstruction of the energy spectra of irradiated alloys by changing the tin concentration and pressure. Reconstruction of the density of states function in the resonant radiation-induced bands is discussed and the main parameters of the models of energy spectrum of electron-irradiated Pb1‒xSnxSe and Pb1‒xSnxTe are investigated.
Anisotropy of the critical current due to twin planes and vortex melting in YBa2Cu3O7–x single crystals
Authors: Obolenskii M. A. , Bondarenko A. V. , Shklovskij V. A. , Revyakina M. G.
Published: January 2025

We have measured the anisotropy of the critical current due to vortex pinning by twin boundaries and compared it with calculated values. We have also investigated current–voltage characteristics, which allowed us to obtain the temperature dependences of the depinning critical current and flux flow resistance. The results are discussed within the framework of the vortex melting transition and transition from unpinned to partially pinned state of the vortex–fluid phase.
Magnetoresistance of ferromagnets and thin multilayered magnetic films due to variation of spontaneous magnetization modulus
Authors: Vlasov K. B. , Ustinov V. V.
Published: January 2025

The phenomenological approach is developed for calculating the magnetoresistance of bulk ferromagnets, ferrites, and thin multilayered magnetic films. It was assumed that magnetoresistance is caused by scattering of conduction electrons at spin waves in paraprocesses, in antiparaprocesses, and in magnetoelectronic paraprocess in ferrites. Distinction between magnetoresistances associated with the variation of spontaneous magnetization modulus and due to spin-dependent scattering is considered.
Flux creep and irreversibility line in YBCO ceramics
Authors: Cherkasov A. N. , Volkova L. P.
Published: January 2025

The intergranular losses in ac susceptibility of two-dimensional high-Tc YBa2Cu3Ox ceramic samples are studied experimentally as a function of the magnetic field (H0 = 0–40 Oe, h = 0.005–1 Oe), the external magnetic field being H = H0+h·cos ωt) and frequency (f = 0.275–20 kHz) The sample thickness D varied from 1.4 to 0.42 mm. It is shown that the experimental results can be described by the “giant” flux creep model in the limit of a sufficiently strong pinning. For this purpose, it is necessary to take into account the critical line on which the measured critical density is equal to zero. This line has a dynamic character and is probably the irreversibility line.
Magnetodynamic study of small-size superconductors
Authors: Mamsurova L. G. , Pigalskiy K. S. , Sakun V. P.
Published: January 2025

Magnetic field dependences of the permeability of small-grain YBCO samples with a grain size D∼λ are investigated. The vibrational contribution to μu the permeability, which exhibits hysteresis behavior in a magnetic field, is evaluated in pure form for systems of weakly coupled grains. The vortex structures and corresponding values of μu are calculated numerically for a superconducting plate of thickness d∼λ for a thermodynamically equilibrium state as well as in the presence of pinning forces. The computational results are in good agreement with experimental data.
Study of a 2DOF bistable energy harvester with variable potential well for ultra-low frequency vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Chen Jun , Guan Mingjie , Shen Ziqiao , Zhu Qingyuan , Ning Yunbo
Published: January 2025

A two-degree-of-freedom bistable energy harvester with a spring–magnet oscillator designed for ultra-low frequency vibration energy harvesting is presented in this paper. It combines magnetic plucking frequency upconversion and a variable potential function to achieve a high-efficiency response while also being suitably installed for applications with spatial limitations. A lumped parameter model of the piezoelectric energy harvester and the magnetic dipoles is applied to develop the theoretical model for the system. The prototype is fabricated, and experimental parameter investigations are undertaken to examine the effects of various factors, including magnetic distance, stiffness, and tip mass. The results indicate that at a frequency of 1.2 Hz and an acceleration of 0.23 g, the maximum output power reaches 264.6 µW at an optimal resistance of 250 kΩ.
Single-frame statistical gating in a speckle pattern generated by the dynamic scattering in disordered medium
Authors: Li Chengdong , Miao Peng
Published: January 2025

The propagation of coherent light in a dynamic disordered medium generates dynamic speckle patterns. The dynamics intrinsic to the disordered medium result in a shorter decorrelation time for the multiple scattering component (τcM) relative to the single scattering component (τcS). In this study, we propose a single-frame statistical gating strategy for the single and multiple scattering components in reflective wide-field imaging when the exposure time T satisfies the condition τcM<T<τcS. The spatial matrix representation is modeled as the sum of a negative exponential matrix, which represents the single scattering component, and a Gaussian matrix, which represents the multiple scattering component. The Marchenko–Pastur distribution and the Tracy–Widom distribution are employed in conjunction to calculate the moments of the single and multiple scattering components. The single-frame statistical gating method is validated using an electric field Monte Carlo simulation and demonstrated in vivo in brain imaging. Based on rotational invariance, a rotational sampling strategy is proposed to significantly improve the imaging quality of the single-frame statistical gating method. The single-frame statistical gating method greatly facilitates future applications in scenarios such as clinical and complex natural environments.
Programmable surface-charge-modulated wettability for controllable droplet manipulation
Authors: Gao Ge , Lin Chengfu , Zhou Yifan , Wu Jiayao , Guan Weimin , Zheng Huai
Published: January 2025

Droplet manipulation on open surfaces plays a key role in numerous applications. The enhancement in controllability, flexibility, and simplicity of droplet manipulation is sustainably demanded and developed. Herein, we create a unique droplet manipulation method by modulating wettability based on surface charges. With contactless charge deposition on tilting dielectric surfaces with the corona discharge generated by needle-plate electrodes, droplet sliding can be actuated in real time. Droplets show wettability enhancement after eliminating charge deposition, in which contact angle decreases reach up to ∼20°. The presented surface-charge-modulated wettability results in fast-speed (∼14 mm/s) and high-volume-range (10–80 μL) droplet manipulation. Experiments and theoretical analysis reveal the underlying mechanism of droplet actuation is surface charge gradients, which induce asymmetric electrostatic forces. Controlling charge distributions on dielectric surfaces with plate-electrode patterns, programmable, and reconfigurable droplet sliding along complex pathways can be achieved. Moreover, a droplet sliding value for controlling stepwise chemical reactions is demonstrated by moving plate electrodes.
Characterization of ventilated supercavitation regimes using Bayesian optimized Random Forest models
Authors: Kamali HosseinAli , Erfanian Mohammad-Reza
Published: January 2025

Ventilated supercavitation, a complex two-phase flow, has mostly been explored through experiments and simulations, with machine learning yet to emerge as a complementary research approach. This study combines experiments, numerical simulations, and machine learning models to explore the characteristics of ventilated supercavitation and the different cavitating regimes behind a disk-shaped cavitator. The experimental data were used to validate the simulation models. Subsequently, an optimized Random Forest model, enhanced using the Bayesian Optimization Algorithm (BOA-RF), was trained on the simulation results to predict cavitation length, cavitation number, and classify the cavitation regime type. The BOA-RF model exhibited high accuracy when compared with both experimental and numerical results. The results indicate that the supercavity length increases with the ventilation coefficient (CQ). However, at the formation ventilation coefficient (CQf), the cavity length undergoes a significant and rapid increase. Moreover, as the ventilation coefficient (CQ) increases, the cavitation regime evolves from foamy cavitation to a continuous transparent and asymmetric cavity, and when CQ ≥ CQf, it transitions to clean supercavity. Additionally, the results indicate that as the Froude number increases, the CQf initially increases and then decreases.
The detachment of an air bubble from glass plates featured with pore structures filled with gas or water
Authors: Huang Gen , Yang Zhe
Published: January 2025

A pore-featured surface can entrap water or gas phase inside pores and cause phase heterogeneity on the surface. This phenomenon has a significant impact on air bubble adhesion. This paper investigated the air bubble detaching processing on the glass plates featured with single and array pores filled by water or gas. Under a quasi-static and compulsive displacement, an air bubble is attached and then detached from a pore-featured surface in water. The three-phase contact line (TPL) on the pore-featured surface and associated capillary force were measured and calculated. The results showed that continuity of solid glass was intercepted by the water/gas phase on the pore opening. The TPL jumped over and cut off at the edge of pores filled with water and caused the capillary force action length largely shortened. When the pore was filled with air, the air bubble formed a capillary gas bridge that caused a retention of TPL and extended the action length of the capillary force. In the cases of arrayed pores, TPL jumped over small water-filled pore openings and caused a step-decline of capillary force. The TPL was found moving continuously over the small air-filled arrayed pores, which showed a TPL retention effect. Several applied surface porosity Φ = 0.031, 0.126, and 0.283 of the arrayed pore surfaces were found to have similar effects to the single pore surface. The revealed mechanism of the air bubble detaching process on the pore-induced phase heterogeneous surface is important in understanding and controlling the adhesion process of air bubbles.
Temporal variability wind characterization analysis and model construction of moving downbursts
Authors: Pan Yuanpeng , Liu Muguang , Zhang Chunsheng , Xie Zhuangning
Published: January 2025

Downburst is a kind of catastrophic strong wind with peak wind speed close to the ground, formed by strong downdraft impacting on the ground and radiating along the ground surface during thunderstorms. It poses significant hazards to engineering structures. The spatial structure and the time-varying horizontal wind speed of downbursts are the main characteristics that distinguish them from synoptic winds. Constructing a model that considers the time-varying characteristics of downbursts is the basis for reasonably assessing their wind loads and is essential for ensuring the safety of structural wind-resistant design. This study numerically simulated moving downbursts based on the impinging jet model and analyzed their evolution process, wind profile characteristics, and wind speed time history. The objective of the work in this paper is to propose a horizontal mean wind speed model based on numerical simulation results that takes into account factors such as the translation of the downbursts, intensity-decay, and the boundary layer background wind field. The validity of this model was verified through two thunderstorm outflow events. Additionally, to describe the time-varying wind profile of downbursts, an empirical model for the wind profile of downbursts considering time-varying characteristics was proposed based on a generalized model.
Plasma-induced optically active defects in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Schaumburg F. , Plitt D. , Wagner T. , Wöhrl N. , Geller M. , Prinz G. , Lorke A.
Published: January 2025

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has been the subject of numerous research efforts in the last decade. Of particular interest is the creation of optically active defects in hBN because of their easy integration, e.g., in van der Waals heterostructures, and their room temperature photon emission. Many methods to create such defects in hBN are still under investigation. In this work, we present our approach to creating single defect emitters in hBN using remote plasma with different plasma species and report on the outcome statistically. We have used argon, nitrogen, and oxygen plasmas and report statistics on the emitters, produced by the different gas species and their optical properties. In particular, we examine the emission of the exfoliated flakes before and after the plasma processes without an annealing step to avoid creating emitters that are not caused by the plasma exposure. Our findings suggest that the purely physical argon plasma treatment is the most promising route for creating optically active defect emitters in hBN by plasma exposure.
Selected plant extracts and female fertility: role in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis in normal and pathological conditions
Authors: Niama Wijden , Ben Said Samia , Rame Christelle , Froment Pascal , Mahouachi Mokhtar , Dupont Joëlle
Published: January 2025

Female infertility, which affects 10–20% of couples worldwide, is a growing health concern in developing countries. It can be caused by multiple factors, including reproductive disorders, hormonal dysfunctions, congenital malformations and infections. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that plant extracts regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone, kisspeptin, and gonadotropin expression and/or secretion at the hypothalamic–pituitary level and modulate somatic and germ cells, such as steroidogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress at the ovarian level. In this review, we report evidence for the role of certain plant extracts or plant bioactive compounds in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary-ovary axis and, consequently, for the treatment of female infertility. We will also summarize their possible involvement in ovarian disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF) and ovarian cancers.
Soil properties and environmental factors across different altitudes influence biodiversity of root endophytic fungi in the orchid Bletilla sinensis
Authors: Zhao Manli , Deng Wenxiang , Li Xue , Li Yongmei , Huang Qiong , Wang Chuntao
Published: January 2025

Context Bletilla sinensis is a perennial orchid herb widely used in Chinese herbal medicine. The endophytic fungi associated with its roots significantly affect plant growth and secondary metabolite accumulation, whereas environmental factors crucially determine the community and diversity of these fungi. Aims This study investigated the impact of habitat environment on the symbiotic relationship between B. sinensis and its endophytic fungi by analysing the community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi in B. sinensis roots at various altitudes. Methods B. sinensis roots were sampled from three altitudes (HXJ1, HXJ2, HXJ3) in Jinjiang Town, Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province, China. Endophytic fungi were isolated and analysed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Key results The endophytic fungi were dominated by Ascomycota (85.4%) and Basidiomycota (14.6%). α-Diversity analysis showed that HXJ2 had the highest species richness (Chao1 = 34), while HXJ1 exhibited the highest diversity (Shannon = 2.25, Simpson = 0.84). β-Diversity analysis revealed moderate community similarities between sampling sites (Bray–Curtis indices: 0.433–0.597). Notably, fungal abundance showed strong positive correlations with soil total phosphorus (r = 1.000, P < 0.01) and total carbon (r = 0.998, P < 0.05) in HXJ1. Conclusions The study revealed a clear altitudinal pattern, where higher altitudes exhibited lower fungal diversity. However, the mid-altitude site (HXJ2) showed higher fungal diversity compared with both higher (HXJ3) and lower altitudes (HXJ1), suggesting that local environmental factors, such as soil nutrients and surrounding vegetation, may interact with temperature to influence fungal diversity. Implications This study sheds light on the symbiotic relationship between B. sinensis and its endophytic fungi, with implications for the cultivation and medicinal properties of this herb.
No gender differences in attraction to young partners: A study of 4,500 blind dates
Authors: Eastwick Paul W. , Finkel Eli J. , Meza Eva M. , Ammerman Kellie
Published: January 2025

In mixed-gender couples, men are older than women on average. Scholars and laypeople presume that this arrangement reflects mirrored preferences such that men desire younger partners and women desire older partners. Nevertheless, relevant published data on in-person romantic evaluations—that is, studies where adults interact in person and report their initial attraction to each other—are nearly nonexistent. We examined the association of a partner’s age with romantic desire (
N
= 9,084 dyadic reports) among
N =
6,262 blind daters who used a matchmaking service in hopes of finding a long-term partner. Preregistered tests revealed that people were (slightly) attracted to younger partners on average—and this association did not differ by gender. Conclusions were identical if we examined a) age difference from one’s own age, and b) a dataset limited to women 40-and-under and mixed-gender dates. Furthermore, participant’s self-reported “upper-age limits” played no meaningful role: Participants had a modest preference for youth overall, but it did not matter whether the partner’s age fell below or above this personal maximum. We discuss the implications of the nonexistent initial-attraction gender difference for the age difference in mixed-gender couples.
Modeling the effects of thin filament near-neighbor cooperative interactions in mammalian myocardium
Authors: Phan Tuan A. , Fitzsimons Daniel P.
Published: January 2025

The mechanisms underlying cooperative activation and inactivation of myocardial force extend from local, near-neighbor interactions involving troponin-tropomyosin regulatory units (RU) and crossbridges (XB) to more global interactions across the sarcomere. To better understand these mechanisms in the hearts of small and large mammals, we undertook a simplified mathematical approach to assess the contribution of three types of near-neighbor cooperative interactions, i.e., RU-induced, RU-activation (RU–RU), crossbridge-induced, crossbridge-binding (XB–XB), and XB-induced, RU-activation (XB–RU). We measured the Ca2+ and activation dependence of the rate constant of force redevelopment in murine- and porcine-permeabilized ventricular myocardium. Mathematical modeling of these three near-neighbor interactions yielded nonlinear expressions for the RU–RU and XB–RU rate coefficients (kon and koff) and XB–XB rate coefficients describing the attachment of force-generating crossbridges (f and f’). The derivation of single cooperative coefficient parameters (u = RU–RU, w = XB–RU, and v = XB–XB) permitted an initial assessment of the strength of each near-neighbor interaction. The parameter sets describing the effects of discrete XB–XB or XB–RU interactions failed to adequately fit the in vitro contractility data in either murine or porcine myocardium. However, the Ca2+ dependence of ktr in murine and porcine ventricular myocardium was well fit by parameter sets incorporating the RU–RU cooperative interaction. Our results indicate that a significantly stronger RU–RU interaction is present in porcine ventricular myocardium compared with murine ventricular myocardium and that the relative strength of the near-neighbor RU–RU interaction contributes to species-specific myocardial contractile dynamics in small and large mammals.
Spikes and spines in 3D Lorentzian simplicial quantum gravity
Authors: Borissova Johanna , Dittrich Bianca , Qu Dongxue , Schiffer Marc
Published: January 2025

Simplicial approaches to quantum gravity such as Quantum Regge Calculus and Spin Foams include configurations where bulk edges can become arbitrarily large while keeping the lengths of the boundary edges small. Such configurations pose significant challenges in Euclidean Quantum Regge Calculus, as they lead to infinities for the partition function and length expectation values. Here we investigate such configurations in three-dimensional Lorentzian Quantum Regge Calculus, and find that the partition function and length expectation values remain finite. This shows that the Lorentzian approach can avoid a key issue of the Euclidean approach. We also find that the space of configurations, for which bulk edges can become very large, is much richer than in the Euclidean case. In particular, it includes configurations with irregular light-cone structures, which lead to imaginary terms in the Regge action and branch cuts along the Lorentzian path integral contour. Hence, to meaningfully define the Lorentzian Regge path integral, one needs to clarify how such configurations should be handled.
Corrigendum: solution and solubility of H atoms at the W/Cu interface (2024 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 36 465001)
Authors: Silva-Solís Y , Denis J , Hodille E A , Ferro Y
Published: January 2025

Metallic interfaces are locations where hydrogen (H) is expected to segregate and lead to the formation and stabilization of defects. This work focuses on the tungsten/copper (W/Cu) interface built according to the

W

bcc

(
001
)

/

Cu

hcp

(
11

2
¯

0
)

orientation. H behavior is subsequently determined at the interface and in its vicinity with electronic structure calculations based on the density functional theory. The electronic and vibrational properties determined in this way followed a thermodynamic treatment to deliver the solubility of H as a function of the temperature and chemical potential. The 96 interstitial positions we investigated reveal that H predominantly occupies the octahedral (Oh) sites in the copper network. Reversely, H exclusively occupies the tetrahedral (Td) sites in the tungsten network. The solubility of H is higher in the interface plane where both octahedral and tetrahedral sites are occupied. Despite this work is a first step toward kinetic modeling of hydrogen transport across the W/Cu interface, we conclude that the

W

bcc

(
001
)

/

Cu

hcp

(
11

2
¯

0
)

would behave like a sink where hydrogen isotopes could accumulate.
A novel compression torsion coupling metamaterial with repeatable energy dissipation characteristics
Authors: Lv Weitao , Li Dong
Published: January 2025

Energy dissipation metamaterials based on frictional energy dissipation have attracted much attention due to their reusable properties. The innovation of this paper is to propose a compression torsion coupling (CTC) metamaterial that can dissipate energy in the elastic stage by introducing the frictional energy dissipation mechanism into the CTC metamaterial. The proposed CTC structure was composed of rotating spring structures with Z-shaped ribs. 3D printing technology was used to make specimens for loading–unloading experiments. The mechanical properties were studied by finite element simulation and experiments. The influences of geometric parameters such as the helicity of the cylinder, the thickness of the cylinder and the thickness of the ribs on mechanical properties were studied. The results indicated that the proposed structure retains the CTC characteristic and can dissipate energy within the elastic range. Repeated loading–unloading experiments demonstrated that the proposed structure has good recoverability. The proposed CTC energy dissipation metamaterial was expected to be used in novel reusable buffer protection devices such as the landing gear of recyclable rockets.
Optimal placement of high-channel visual prostheses in human retinotopic visual cortex
Authors: van Hoof Rick , Lozano Antonio Manuel , Wang Feng , Klink Peter Christiaan , Roelfsema Pieter , Goebel Rainer
Published: January 2025

Objective:Recent strides in neurotechnology show potential to restore vision in individuals afflicted with blindness due to early visual pathway damage. As neuroprostheses mature and become available to a larger population, manual placement and evaluation of electrode designs becomes costly and impractical. An automatic method to optimize the implantation process of electrode arrays at large-scale is currently lacking.Approach:Here, we present a comprehensive method to automatically optimize electrode placement for visual prostheses, with the objective of matching pre-defined phosphene distributions. Our approach makes use of retinotopic predictions combined with individual anatomy data to minimize discrepancies between simulated and target phosphene patterns. While demonstrated with a 1000-channel 3D electrode array in V1, our pipeline is versatile, potentially accommodating any electrode design and allowing for design evaluation.Main results:Notably, our results show that individually optimized placements in 362 brain hemispheres outperform average brain solutions, underscoring the significance of anatomical specificity. We further show how virtual implantation of multiple individual brains highlights the challenges of achieving full visual field coverage owing to single electrode constraints, which may be overcome by introducing multiple arrays of electrodes. Including additional surgical considerations, such as intracranial vasculature, in future iterations could refine the optimization process.Significance:Our open-source software streamlines the refinement of surgical procedures and facilitates simulation studies, offering a realistic exploration of electrode configuration possibilities.
Nonuniversality in random criticality
Authors: Delfino Gesualdo
Published: January 2025

We consider N two-dimensional Ising models coupled in the presence of quenched disorder and use scale invariant scattering theory to exactly show the presence of a line of renormalization group fixed points for any fixed value of N other than 1. We show how this result relates to perturbative studies and sheds light on numerical simulations. We also observe that the limit N → 1 may be of interest for the Ising spin glass, and point out the potential relevance for nonuniversality in other contexts of random criticality.
Exploring offshore wind’s potential to enhance energy security in nations with limited land and fuel resources
Authors: Shiraishi Kenji , Paliwal Umed , Abhyankar Nikit , Kammen Daniel M , Phadke Amol , Park Won Young
Published: January 2025

Offshore wind (OSW) power is critical to addressing energy security issues in nations with limited land and fuel resources. This study aims to assess the quality of OSW resources with high temporal and spatial resolution and to elucidate the economically feasible deployment of OSW using advanced power system models with Japan as a case study. First, comprehensive evaluations of OSW resources were performed by integrating a geographic information system (GIS)-based resource assessment with simulated data for hourly resource availability and renewable power plant operation. Then, using the ‘SWITCH-Japan’ model developed in our previous study, four key policy scenarios (‘pathways’) were analyzed. Each scenario incorporated three technology cost sensitivities and was assessed on multiple criteria including affordability, energy security, and land-use change. Finally, the potential for hydrogen production in other sectors was explored. We found that the Least-Cost scenario, which accelerates renewable energy growth, reduces average system costs by 43% and increases energy self-sufficiency by 31 percentage point compared to the business-as-usual scenario. While it is a highly valuable resource, OSW nonetheless necessitates significant infrastructure development and potentially faces both stricter regulations and local opposition. In recognition of this, the Limited Onshore Resources scenario reduces direct land use by half but finds only a slight increase in overall costs. While the balance of OSW potential is utilized for power systems, the remainder can materially enhance energy security for entire economies. Ultimately, OSW energy presents a strategic opportunity for nations to achieve energy self-reliance and reduce import dependence, emphasizing the need for timely infrastructure development.
The impact of rainfall intensity on paddy production in Sikka District
Authors: Jeksen Julianus , Putra Pardamean Mbarep Daniel , Otan Apelabi Gabriel , Nurjayati Ratih , Yasintha Bolly Yovita , Darwin Beja Henderikus , Wahyuni Yuyun , Malado Mario
Published: January 2025

In the last five years, paddy production in Sikka district was 13,051.37 tons in 2019, 15,917.75 tons in 2020, 11,501.20 tons in 2021, 11,236.06 tons in 2022, and 12,591.32 tons in 2023. The dynamics that occur in paddy production are thought to be due to one natural element, namely the rainfall intensity. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the rainfall intensity which was analyzed using the descriptive analysis method and its impact on paddy production which was analyzed using the regression analysis method. The research results show that in the last five years, rainfall in Sikka district had an intensity of 871 mm in 2019, 897 mm in 2020, 1368 mm in 2021, 1286 mm in 2022, and 858 mm in 2023. Then other results show the impact of rainfall intensity on paddy production which is characterized by a significance F value of 0.207. Thus, the rainfall intensity does not have a significant impact on paddy production in Sikka district.
SUBAK: Traditional ecological knowledge for sustainable biodiversity conservation
Authors: Nyoman Arsana I , Ketut Ayu Juliasih Ni , Putu Sudiartawan I , Agung Komang Suardana Anak , Made Sumarya I , Sauca Sunia Widyantari A.A.A
Published: January 2025

Subak is a customary law community with socio-agrarian-religious characteristics, a collection of farmers managing water in rice fields. Nevertheless, Bali’s intense tourism pressures have significantly changed the agricultural system. This study aims to document Subak’s traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of sustainable biodiversity conservation. This research uses the literature method that emphasizes literature as an object of study. Data on Subak was collected from various online publication sources using several keywords, including ‘Subak’, traditional ecological knowledge’, ‘biodiversity’, ‘conservation’, ‘Tri Hita Karana’, and ‘ecotone’. Descriptive analysis through an ethnosystems approach is used as the main approach to examine the interdependence relationship between certain groups of ethnic and their perspective on nature. The results of the study have documented Subak’s TEK about biodiversity conservation contained in the Tri Hita Karana philosophy through three aspects, namely the spiritual aspect (Parahyangan), the social aspect (Pawongan), and the ecological aspect (Palemahan). The implementation of Parahyangan aspect is reflected in respect and responsibility for nature as a manifestation of divine creation, thus viewing nature as a sacred and precious entity. The Pawongan aspect is reflected in strong social cooperation and respect for local knowledge; and ensures that agricultural practices are not only productive but also sustainable and environmentally friendly, as well as contributing to the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem balance. Meanwhile, Palemahan aspects are reflected through sustainable soil and water management practices, maintenance of native vegetation and natural habitats, as well as ecosystem conservation and restoration efforts. In conclusion, the Subak system with the Tri Hita Karana philosophy can be a unique model for sustainable biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity conservation not only supports ecosystem resilience but also strengthens social and culturalties.
The Patterns of Rural-to-Urban Reclassification in West Sumatra Province
Authors: Ahyuni  , Nur Hamdi
Published: January 2025

Indonesia is undergoing rapid urbanization, with half its population living in urban areas. A significant rural-to-urban reclassification characterizes this phenomenon. This study investigates the reclassification pattern of rural-to-urban in West Sumatra Province from 2010 to 2020. The findings reveal the patterns of urban expansion: 1) contiguous expansion of urban areas within regencies, 2) urban area expansion in urban fringe of municipalities, 3) emergence of new dispersed urban areas in regencies, and 4) formation of contiguous urban corridors connecting urban centers in the BUKAPALIPATAR region (Bukittinggi, Agam, Payakumbuh, Limapuluh Kota, Padang Panjang, and Tanah Datar). Urbanization in rural regions has significantly contributed to urbanization in West Sumatra Province. Consequently, spatial planning at the provincial and regency levels should consider this urban reclassification trend by focusing policies and programs on infrastructure and urban facilities in urbanized rural regions.
Evaluation of land capability for tourism support facilities in Bandungan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency
Authors: Galuh Pamungkas Klara , Yesiana Reny , Dwi Astuti Khristiana , Septiarani Bintang , Anggraini Pratamaningtyas
Published: January 2025

As a leading tourist area in Semarang Regency that offers natural charm and historical heritage, Bandungan continues to experience development every year. As the number of visitors increases each year, more and more supporting facilities are required. The increasing demand has resulted in more land being developed. The determination of land suitability for specific uses is based on various considerations, including physical aspects, to avoid negative impacts from excessive utilization. These negative impacts can include a decline in environmental quality, such as floods, landslides, and a decrease in groundwater levels. This is supported by the news that flash floods have occurred in Bandungan Subdistrict. This study aims to evaluate the land capability for tourism facilities in Bandungan Subdistrict in order to control the development of the district’s strategic areas using land capability analysis. This study uses descriptive quantitative methods by collecting and analyzing data based on numbers and numerical measurements. Presentation of information is done systematically to facilitate understanding and drawing conclusions. The analysis technique used is spatial analysis by utilizing GIS (Geography Information System) analysis tools along with scoring analysis techniques. Based on the analysis, 2% of supporting facilities are in areas that should not be developed, meaning most are suitable for their land capabilities. The dominant land capability in Bandungan Sub-district is medium development capability. According to the land cover ratio, Bandungan can still support development over an area of 675,78 hectares. The total land available for development in Bandungan Sub-district is 2567,52 hectares.
Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) performance and company value on Indonesia non-financial firms
Authors: Siva Anindhita Yori Nathalie , Putri Rahmawati Isna
Published: January 2025

Issues regarding the role of the environment, social, and governance (ESG) are currently being discussed, especially in upper middle income countries. Due to limited resources and shareholder reactions, many companies in Indonesia still need to develop their performance to the desired level. This study examines the effect of ESG scores on firm value in Indonesia. This study uses unbalanced panel data from non-financial public companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchanges and had ESG scores on the Refinitiv database from 2016 to 2022 with 256 observations. This study finds that ESG scores negatively affect firm value (Tobin’s Q). The higher the ESG value in Indonesia, the lower the firm value. Furthermore, this study shows the influence of each pillar, namely environmental, social, and governance. The environmental and governance pillars negatively affect firm value, while the social pillar does not affect firm value. This study shows that ESG in Indonesia is in line with Shareholder Theory. High ESG performance is a cost that can reduce the company’s value.