bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of cadmium in sodium hypochlorite solutions by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry test: a preliminary study
Authors: Marostegan Charliani Menegassi , Grazziotin-Soares Renata , Ardenghi Diego Machado , De Figueiredo José Antônio Poli , De Melo Tiago André Fontoura
Published: November 2017

Objective: The literature reports that Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to human body and dental tissues. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigating solutions used in root canal treatment are composed of several metals. However, there is no study regarding the presence of Cd in these solutions. This study aimed to verify the existence of Cd on 2.5% NaOCl solutions proceeding from different origins, being to date the first of the kind.Methods: Three solutions of 2.5% NaOCl from different origins were assessed in relation to the chlorine content and the presence/amount (mg/L) of cadmium by the Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) test. Oxidation-Reduction Titration (OR) method was performed to quantify the available chlorine. The types of NaOCl solutions were from: i) hand manipulated at a pharmacy, ii) industrialized and commercialized at a dental supply store and iii) industrialized and commercialized at a grocery supermarket.Results : The ASV test showed the amount of cadmium was 0.14mg/L for solutions coming from the pharmacy and the supermarket, and 0.13 mg/L for the solution coming from the dental supply store. OR method found the following amount of available chlorine: 1.15% and 1.52% and 2.24% NaOCl for solutions proceeding from the pharmacy, dental supply store and supermarket, respectively.Conclusion : All samples presented levels of Cd above the permissible limits stated by the legislation from where the study was conducted (0.01 mg/L).
Associação entre a diminuição do nível de ferro salivar e a experiência de cárie em crianças
Authors: Buche Brunah De Oliveira , Gusso Bruno , Torres Maria Fernanda , Dalledone Mariana , Bertoli Fernanda Mara Paiva , Souza Juliana Feltrin de , Pizzatto Eduardo , Brancher João Armando
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE: Human saliva has numerous components that are important for maintaining oral health. We investigated the association between iron levels in saliva in children and their caries experience.METHODS: We conducted a case-control study that included 186 healthy children, aged 11-14 years. The decayed-filled teeth/decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) score was estimated according to the Brazilian Oral Health Project. The children were divided into two groups: caries-free group (DMFT=0, n=55) and caries experience group (DMFT≥1, n=131). Saliva was collected from each child using the spitting method and analyzed for stimulated saliva flow (SSF), pH, and iron levels. The SSF, pH, and salivary iron levels were analyzed for statistical assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity and compared between groups. All of the statistical tests were performed using R and SPSS software, with a level of significance of 0.05.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in mean pH were found between groups (t=-0.0488, p=0.51). Children with caries experience had significantly lower salivary iron levels than caries-free children (w=5088, p<0.0001). The SSF values were significantly different between children with caries experience and children without caries (w=4198, p=0.03).CONCLUSION: Salivary iron levels were significantly lower in children with dental caries experience, suggesting that salivary iron plays a role in maintaining oral health.
Poblamiento préhistórico y colonial de misiones
Authors: Poujade Ruth
Published: November 2017

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“Impossible” Chemistries Based on Flow and Micro
Authors: Yoshida Jun-ichi , Kim Heejin , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: November 2017

This perspective article discusses the basic concept of time control by space based on flow and micro, some examples that realized extremely fast reactions which were difficult to achieve by conventional flask chemistry, and the future of this fascinating chemistry.
Australia’s Changing Religious Profile—Rising Nones and Pentecostals, Declining British Protestants in Superdiversity: Views from the 2016 Census
Authors: Bouma Gary D. , Halafoff Anna
Published: November 2017

The 2016 Australian Census reveals continued change in Australia’s religious diversity. While reviewing some of the highlights of this development–the continuing increase in the ‘no religion’ category, the first ever decline in Catholic numbers, and the rise of Hindus and Sikhs–several religious groups, which are not usually combined in the census, actually when grouped together represent most of the Pentecostal and charismatic churches and form the fourth largest religious group in Australia. These changes are set in a comparative context, internationally and intergenerationally. The religious diversity and Anglican retention rates of Stonnington–one of Melbourne’s 21 Cities–are examined as a window on local diversity and change. Finally, we discuss three main categories of religion in contemporary Australia: the ‘nones’; the spiritual but not religious; and the religious and spiritual. The data reveal a new context of superdiversity in Australia.Open access: Attribution—Non Commercial—NoDerivs / CC BY-NC-ND
THE MODEL FOR POWER EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF CONDENSATION HEATING INSTALLATIONS
Authors: Kovalchuk D. , Mazur A. , Hudz S.
Published: November 2017

The main part of heating systems and domestic hot water systems are based on the natural gas boilers. Forincreasing the overall performance of such heating system the condensation gas boilers was developed and are used. Howevereven such type of boilers don't use all energy which is released from a fuel combustion. The main factors influencing thelowering of overall performance of condensation gas boilers in case of operation in real conditions are considered. Thestructure of the developed mathematical model allowing estimating the overall performance of condensation gas boilers(CGB) in the conditions of real operation is considered. Performace evaluation computer experiments of such CGB during aheating season for real weather conditions of two regions of Ukraine was made. Graphic dependences of temperatureconditions and heating system effectiveness change throughout a heating season are given. It was proved that normal CGBdoes not completely use all calorific value of fuel, thus, it isn't effective. It was also proved that the efficiency of such boilerssignificantly changes during a heating season depending on weather conditions and doesn't reach the greatest possible value.The possibility of increasing the efficiency of CGB due to hydraulic division of heating and condensation sections and use ofthe vapor-compression heat pump for deeper cooling of combustion gases and removing of the highest possible amount ofthermal energy from them are considered. The scheme of heat pump connection to the heating system with a convenient gasboiler and the separate condensation economizer allowing to cool combustion gases deeply below a dew point and to warm upthe return heat carrier before a boiler input is provided. The technological diagram of the year-round use of the heat pump forhot water heating after the end of heating season, without gas use is offered.
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT FOR SUGAR PLANT BOILER DEPARTMENT WORK BASED ON BOILER UNITS OPTIMAL LOADS DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Skakovsky Y. , Babkov A. , Mandro E.
Published: November 2017

The results of laboratory and industrial researches made it possible to propose efficiency improvement methodfor sugar plant boiler department work. As a partial work efficiency criterion for each boiler unit, its efficiency factor isconsidered. Its identification, as for non-linear load function is carried out according to the test results given in regime maps.Maximization for general criterion is reached by optimal loads distribution between parallel operating boiler units, whileobserving constraints like equality to ensure the required steam amount needed for consumers, and like inequalities formed onthe base of boiler units’ characteristics. The result of task solution is presented with formulas to calculate and determine theoptimum loads values of each boiler unit included in operation, that made it possible to implement the subsystem in operatingSCADA information-control system for CHP plant boiler department. Algorithm and application program have beendeveloped, as well as a main screen form for CHP head automated workplace. The optimum load values of each boiler unitare used as tasks in boiler load stabilization circuit in period among calculations. Research results will be used to modernizethe existing control system at the sugar plant and in the educational process.
АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ НАГРУЗКИ МЕЖДУ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНО РАБОТАЮЩИМИ КОТЛАМИ
Authors: Лысюк А. , Беглов К.
Published: November 2017

Рассмотрен синтез поисковой процедуры для оптимизации распределения нагрузки между параллельно работающими котлами в режиме реального времени. Предложен критерий оптимальности работы котла, учитывающий не только коэффициент полезного действия, но и величину износа оборудования. Решения основаны на использовании поискового алгоритма деформируемого симплекса.
ПАРАДИГМА ПОДАННЯ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ПОРОДЖУВАЛЬНИХ ГРАМАТИК
Authors: Великодний С. , Тимофєєва О.
Published: November 2017

В статті розглянуто створення системи понять, що формують парадигму реінжинірингу інформаційних технологій, який необхідний у випадку їх еволюційного розвитку. Лінгвістичне забезпечення інформаційних технологій розглядає побудову програмної системи за допомогою однієї або декількох (узгодженихміж собою) мов програмування, кожна з яких заснована на правилах конкретної граматики. Математичний апаратпороджувальних граматик дозволяє описати процес переведення програмної системи, яка написана однією мовоюпрограмування, на іншу визначену мову. Створена парадигма дозволяє працювати з багаторівневими інформаційнимитехнологіями, складові частини яких написано різними мовами програмування. Сформована у статті парадигма, знаукової точки зору, ляже в основу методології реінжинірингу програмних систем, а з практичної – стане у пригодісистемним програмістам, які працюють із мультимовними надбудовами програмних систем, що набуваютьеволюційного розвитку із плином часу та вдосконалення в процесі використання.
ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ НАУКОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ ИНЖЕНЕРНОЇ МЕХАНІКИ, АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ТА КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ НАУК В ОДЕСЬКІЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ АКАДЕМІЇ ХАРЧОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Ангєлов Г. , Волков В. , Кананихіна О. , Соловей А. , Тітлова О. , Трішин Ф.
Published: November 2017

Розглянуто основні напрямки та перспективи наукового розвитку інженерної механіки, автоматизаціїта комп’ютерних наук в їх взаємозв’язку. Показано як світові тенденції знаходять своє відображення в історіїОдеської національної академії харчових технологій.
Предпосылки использования влияния теплообмена на потерю тепловым потоком, пересекающим ограждение
Authors: Прусенков Н. А.
Published: November 2017

Широко известны и используются в различных процессах системы регулирования температур на поверхностях многослойных ограждающих конструкций (МОК), обеспечивающие достижение разных и даже противоположных целей: поддержание заданной температуры внутренней поверхности МОК, ограничивающихся нормированием потерь при постоянных сопротивлениях переходу тепла через слои (замкнутые); интенсификацию обмена теплом с пространством через поверхности МОК, изменением температуры теплоносителя при эксплуатации (подвижные). При этом действующая  ДБН рекомендует замену в расчетах перехода тепла через МОК на теплообмен в тепловой оболочке зданий, что противоречит постулатам о постоянстве и исключительности замкнутых конструкций ограждений требуя модернизации нормативно-теоретической базы их создания. Регулирование характеристик составляющих замкнутых и подвижных систем, объединенных в единую эволюционную на принципах суперпозиционирования и дистрибуции результатов их взаимодействия, обеспечивает проявление эксергетических свойств взаимодействия теплообмена и подаваемого при переходе тепла, отсутствующих у систем, для взаимодействия которых созданы условия. Это обеспечивает формирование новой цели, не достижимой при локальной эксплуатации каждой из взаимодействующих систем. Энергетический баланс объединения этих систем стимулирует эволюцию эксплуатационного режима, создавая эксергетическую систему взаимодействия замкнутых и подвижных потоков, достигая цель публикации. Представленный результат доказывает целесообразность дополнения действующих нормативов указаниями, регламентирующими исключение выброса энергии через наружные поверхности ограждений.
Впровадження автоматизованих систем обліку та контролю електричної енергії на прикладі ПАТ «Одесаобленерго»
Authors: Попков Д. М. , Луняка А. В. , Кржевицький В. С.
Published: November 2017

В роботі проаналізовано, які цілі та задачі пред’являються до автоматизованих систем обліку та контролю електричної енергії (АСКОЕ) і представлено автоматизовану систему обліку електроенергії, яку було розроблено і введено в експлуатацію в Одеській області та інтегровано на офіційному веб-ресурсі компанії ПАТ «Одесаобленерго». Система орієнтована як на побутових споживачів, так і на підприємства, та надає можливість отримати широкий спектр функцій, які значно спрощують та автоматизують процеси обліку та контролю споживання електроенергії.
Tamm-Horsfall Protein Regulates Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Kidney
Authors: Micanovic Radmila , Khan Shehnaz , Janosevic Danielle , Lee Maya E. , Hato Takashi , Srour Edward F. , Winfree Seth , Ghosh Joydeep , Tong Yan , Rice Susan E. , Dagher Pierre C. , Wu Xue-Ru , El-Achkar Tarek M.
Published: November 2017

Tamm–Horsfall protein (THP), also known as uromodulin, is a kidney-specific protein produced by cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Although predominantly secreted apically into the urine, where it becomes highly polymerized, THP is also released basolaterally, toward the interstitium and circulation, to inhibit tubular inflammatory signaling. Whether, through this latter route, THP can also regulate the function of renal interstitial mononuclear phagocytes (MPCs) remains unclear, however. Here, we show that THP is primarily in a monomeric form in human serum. Compared with wild-type mice, THP−/− mice had markedly fewer MPCs in the kidney. A nonpolymerizing, truncated form of THP stimulated the proliferation of human macrophage cells in culture and partially restored the number of kidney MPCs when administered to THP−/− mice. Furthermore, resident renal MPCs had impaired phagocytic activity in the absence of THP. After ischemia-reperfusion injury, THP−/− mice, compared with wild-type mice, exhibited aggravated injury and an impaired transition of renal macrophages toward an M2 healing phenotype. However, treatment of THP−/− mice with truncated THP after ischemia-reperfusion injury mitigated the worsening of AKI. Taken together, our data suggest that interstitial THP positively regulates mononuclear phagocyte number, plasticity, and phagocytic activity. In addition to the effect of THP on the epithelium and granulopoiesis, this new immunomodulatory role could explain the protection conferred by THP during AKI.
Funciones ejecutivas y práctica de ajedrez: un estudio en niños escolarizados
Authors: Ramos Larisa , Arán Filippetti Vanessa , Krumm Gabriela
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Diversas investigaciones han demostrado los beneficios del ajedrez para el desarrollo cognitivo. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que han analizado el efecto del ajedrez en las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) con base en un modelo que evalúe cada uno de los componentes del constructo, el fin del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias de rendimiento cognitivo en tareas que valoran las FE de memoria de trabajo, inhibición, flexibilidad cognitiva y planificación entre niños practicantes de ajedrez y no practicantes. Método: A través de un estudio de tipo ex postfacto de corte transversal, con una muestra seleccionada a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, empleando el Análisis Multivariado de Varianza (MANOVA) para analizar las diferencias de rendimiento cognitivo según la práctica de ajedrez. Se evaluaron 65 niños escolarizados de 8 a 12 años, de ambos sexos divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo a la práctica de ajedrez: (1) 30 niños practicantes activos y (2) 35 niños sin ninguna experiencia con el ajedrez. Resultados: El MANOVA reveló diferencias significativas según la práctica de ajedrez, en todas las FE analizadas a favor de los niños practicantes. Estos datos sugieren que el ajedrez podría emplearse como una estrategia efectiva para favorecer el desarrollo de los procesos ejecutivos en la niñez. Se discuten los resultados en función de sus implicancias clínicas y educativas. Conclusión: Para la realización de futuras investigaciones sería relevante estudiar el efecto de la práctica de ajedrez en las FE en poblaciones adolescentes y adultas, para comprobar si la experticia y la edad podrían explicar, en parte, las variaciones individuales de funcionamiento ejecutivo según la práctica de ajedrez.
Prácticas parentales como predictoras de la ideación suicida en adolescentes colombianos
Authors: Bahamón Marly Johana , Alarcón-Vásquez Yolima , Reyes Ruiz Lizeth , Uribe Alvarado J Isaac , García Galindo Carolina
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar en qué medida las prácticas parentales paternas y maternas predicen la ideación suicida en un grupo de hombres y mujeres adolescentes colombianos. Método: Participaron 328 estudiantes adolescentes inscritos en escuelas públicas. Se utilizó la escala de Prácticas Parentales para Adolescentes (PP-A) elaborada por Andrade y Betancourt y una escala para medir la Ideación Suicida, constituida por ocho ítems que refieren a ideas de quitarse la vida. Resultados: Indican la existencia de correlaciones entre ideación suicida y control psicológico materno (0,183**) e imposición (-,282**) en los hombres y entre ideación suicida y autonomía (-,383**), control psicológico materno (,302**) e imposición (,383**) en mujeres. También se evidenció que las dimensiones que predicen en mayor medida la ideación suicida en hombres y mujeres son el control psicológico materno y la imposición paterna. Conclusiones: Se discute el papel de algunas prácticas parentales que pueden constituirse como posible factor de riesgo para disponer a los jóvenes hacia el suicidio.
Abordaje de las urgencias psiquiátricas en los hospitales generales: una propuesta desde el marco de las urgencias subjetivas
Authors: Rivera Romero Nathaly , Gómez Ocampo Ángela Patricia
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: El siguiente artículo de revisión bibliográfica busca responder por la intervención en salud mental o la atención al paciente psiquiátrico en los servicios de urgencias, con la finalidad de ampliar los términos de la intervención en psiquiatría con los desarrollos que al respecto ha realizado el psicoanálisis apoyándose en el concepto psicoanalítico de urgencias subjetivas, lo cual podría plantearse como una intervención de la urgencia psiquiátrica centrada en el sujeto. Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura de tipo descriptivo, desarrollada a través de un proceso de búsqueda de información, analizando documentos existentes en el metabuscador de Google Académico y en las bases de datos: Ebsco Host, PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc, Cuiden, y BVS, los textos fueron elegidos por pertinencia, relevancia y accesibilidad, tomando como referencia los avances teóricos de los investigadores Belaga, Sotelo y Seldes. Resultados: Encontrando que la demanda de atención psiquiátrica urgente está tomando cada vez mayor fuerza, especialmente en los hospitales generales, por lo cual es indispensable que el personal de los servicios de urgencias tenga una formación que responda a estas exigencias, situando que tanto los manuales diagnósticos y la psicofarmacología, como la palabra, son herramientas de las que disponen los equipos asistenciales en las instituciones hospitalarias. Conclusión: Realizando en el abordaje de la urgencia psiquiátrica un análisis clínico que trascienda la presentación superficial de los síntomas y tenga en cuenta al sujeto del inconsciente, reconociendo que la superación de la crisis por medio de una intervención del cuerpo biológico no es suficiente.
In the footsteps of Einstein, Sagan and Barnard: Identifying South Africa’s most visible scientists
Authors: Joubert Marina , Guenther Lars
Published: November 2017

Highly visible scientists are increasingly recognised as influential leaders with a special role to play in making science part of mainstream society. Through consultation with a panel of 45 experts working at the science–media interface, we sought to identify the most visible scientists currently living and working in South Africa. In total, 211 scientists – less than 1% of the scientific workforce of the country – were identified as visible in the public sphere. The demographic profile and institutional spread of South Africa’s visible scientists suggest that more should be done to increase the diversity of scientists who are publicly visible. Although only 8% of South Africans are white, 78% of the group of visible scientists were white, and 63% of the visible scientists were men. Only 17 black women were identified as publicly visible scientists. While visible scientists were identified at 42 different research institutions, more than half of the visible scientists were associated with just four universities. Recent controversies surrounding the two most visible South African scientists identified via this study, and the potential implications for fellow scientists’ involvement in public engagement, are briefly discussed.

Significance: 

This is the first study to identify highly visible scientists in South Africa.
The study has meaningful policy implications for mobilising scientists towards public science engagement.
It is an important contribution towards the new public engagement framework of the Department of Science and Technology.
South Africa's geothermal energy hotspots inferred from subsurface temperature and geology
Authors: Dhansay Taufeeq , Musekiwa Chiedza , Ntholi Thakane , Chevallier Luc , Cole Doug , De Wit Maarten J.
Published: November 2017

South Africa intends to mitigate its carbon emissions by developing renewable energy from solar, wind and hydro, and investigating alternative energy sources such as natural gas and nuclear. Low-enthalpy geothermal energy is becoming increasingly popular around the world, largely as a result of technological advances that have enabled energy to be harnessed from relatively low temperature sources. However, geothermal energy does not form part of South Africa’s future renewable energy scenario. This omission may be related to insufficient regional analysis of potentially viable geothermal zones across the country. We considered existing subsurface temperature and heat flow measurements and performed solute-based hydrochemical geothermometry to determine potentially anomalous geothermal gradients that could signify underlying low-enthalpy geothermal energy resources. We correlated these findings against hydro/geological and tectonic controls to find prospective target regions for investigating geothermal energy development. Our results show a significant link between tectonic features, including those on-craton, and the development of geothermal potential regions. In addition, potential regions in South Africa share similarities with other locations that have successfully harnessed low-enthalpy geothermal energy. South Africa may therefore have a realistic chance of developing geothermal energy, but will still need additional research and development, including new temperature measurements, and structural, hydrogeological and economic investigations.

Significance: 

The regional low-enthalpy geothermal energy potential of South Africa should be further researched for consideration of low-enthalpy geothermal energy as a renewable energy option.
Domestic Cat Testicular Tissue In Vitro Culture v1
Authors: F. Silva Andreia , Escada-Rebelo Sara , Amaral Sandra , S. Tavares Renata , Schlatt Stefan , Ramalho-Santos João , C. Mota Paula
Published: November 2017

The reduced number of animals in most wild felid populations implies a loss of genetic diversity. The death of juveniles, prior to the production of mature sperm, represents a loss of potential genetic contribution to future populations. Since 2011 mouse testicular organ culture has demonstrated an alternative mechanism to produce sperm in vitro from immature tissue. However, extension of this technology to other species has remained limited. We have used domestic cat (Felis catus) as a model for wild felids to investigate spermatogenesis initiation and regulation. Contrary to expectations, no germ cell differentiation could be detected and we could show that KSR is deleterious for felid spermatogenesis. Nevertheless spermatogonial viability was maintained for 6 weeks.
Geomorphological Analysis and Hydrological Potential Zone of Baira River Watershed, Churah in Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Pareta Kuldeep , Pareta Upasana
Published: November 2017

In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the quantitative geomorphological analysis and hydrological characterization of 95 micro-watersheds (MWS) of Baira river watershed in Himachal Pradesh, India with an area of 425.25 Km2. First time in the world, total 173 morphometric parameters have been generated in a single watershed using satellite remote sensing data (i.e. IRS-P6 ResourceSAT-1 LISS-III, LandSAT-7 ETM+, and LandSAT-8 PAN & OLI merge data), digital elevation models (i.e. IRS-P5 CartoSAT-1 DEM, ASTER DEM data), and soI topographical maps of 1: 50,000 scale. The ninety-five micro-watersheds (MWS) of Baira river watershed have been prioritized through the morphometric analysis of different morphometric parameters (i.e. drainage network, basin geometry, drainage texture analysis, and relief characterizes ). The study has concurrently established the importance of geomorphometry as well as the utility of remote sensing and GIS technology for hydrological characterization of the watershed and there for better resource and environmental managements.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis Induced by Exercise and Nutrients: Implication for Performance and Health Benefits
Authors: Masuda Kazumi , Jue Thomas , Hamidie Ronald D. Ray
Published: November 2017

The skeletal muscle occupies about 40% of body mass, one of the largest organs in the body, and it has great plasticity in response to physiological stressors and then alters the contractile and metabolic properties of the muscles. Therefore, healthy status of muscle affects health status of whole body. Mitochondria are abundantly present in mammalian muscle cells, known as the power plants of the cell to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with oxygen. The muscle health depends on the mitochondrial function. In aging and some of metabolic disease states, the mitochondrial function is defected. Some parts of this defect result from lower physical activity and nutritional status. The exercise is well-known as a major strategy to induce mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulation of the mitochondrial function. Recently some nutrients are also suggested as ligands for transcription of the mitochondrial proteins. We also recently found insight of protein interaction with mitochondria that will possibly augment mitochondrial respiratory potential. The present review article introduces some recent research evidences relating to mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial biogenesis mediated by both exercise and nutrients and an interaction of protein with mitochondria to facilitate mitochondrial respiration.
Velhos e novos materiais da expansão asturiana e leonesa no Ocidente peninsular entre os rios Douro e Mondego. (Muitas) hipóteses e (poucas) conclusões
Authors: Almeida Fernandes Paulo
Published: November 2017

Entre a segunda metade do século IX e o final da centúria seguinte, o território situado entre os rios Douro e Mondego foi um campo aberto à expansão asturiana e leonesa. Dessa dinâmica colonizadora chegou até hoje um conjunto apreciável de documentação, um número restrito de materiais tipológicos descontextualizados arqueologicamente e um ou outro monumento que, na sua complexa história, integra elementos relacionáveis com o que se conhece da arte asturiana e leonesa.Neste artigo, proponho um conjunto de hipóteses acerca da evolução de um território específico, integrado numa longa duração civilizacional. Diferentes agentes, imbuídos de distintas ambições, foram responsáveis pela alteração da paisagem e deixaram marcas físicas da sua acção. A reconstituição histórica deste fenómeno não é fácil nem isenta de dúvidas, tal como problemática é a caracterização dos principais monumentos e respectivos programas fundacionais. As igrejas de Balsemão e de Lourosa continuam a ser os mais eloquentes testemunhos nesta área, mas há novos companheiros de viagem como a torre de Trancoso, o sítio do Prazo ou as recentes descobertas na área da Senhora do Barrocal. O mais vasto panorama, contudo, comporta silêncios, hiatos e duvidosas realizações que importa questionar e contextualizar.
Evolución de la forma urbana de Carmona. El análisis del plano en el estudio histórico de la ciudad
Authors: Díaz Garrido Mercedes
Published: November 2017

Entre los muchos puntos de vista desde los que puede ser contemplada la ciudad, el estudio de su evolución histórica, de su construcción a lo largo del tiempo, constituye un campo de confluencia de distintos profesionales. Geógrafos, historiadores, arqueólogos, y arquitectos, comparten su interés por la ciudad como construcción histórica, aunque con distintos enfoques. Entre los instrumentos de indagación a emplear, el análisis del plano, entendido éste como imagen de la forma urbana, aparece como método privilegiado, basado en la idea de forma urbana como resultado del proceso de conformación. En Carmona se ha podido ensayar este análisis en el seno de una investigación multidisciplinar en torno a la iglesia mayor prioral de Santa María, en el estudio de las relaciones entre arquitectura y ciudad a través de dos encuadres: del conjunto de la ciudad antigua, y del entorno de la iglesia. Al mismo tiempo el trabajo ha suscitado una reflexión sobre el propio método de análisis y sus fundamentos, en torno a los conceptos de morfología y de estratigrafía, y hacia una mayor definición del mismo.
DEPAS (Deutscher Geräte-Pool für amphibische Seismologie): German Instrument Pool for Amphibian Seismology
Authors: Schmidt-Aursch Mechita Christa , Haberland Christian
Published: November 2017

The German Instrument Pool for Amphibian Seismology (DEPAS) provides the infrastructure for onshore, marine and amphibian seismological experiments. It consists currently of approx. 80 ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) and 95 onshore seismic stations. Broadband sensors and custom-built data loggers enable a broad range of short- and long-term deployments to study architecture and dynamics of the Earth’s interior. The OBS are operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI); the onshore stations are managed by the Helmholtz Centre Portsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The DEPAS instruments are available upon request for researchers affiliated to German universities or German research institutes within national or international projects. Applications for stations are evaluated by an external steering committee. Data will be stored in national archives and made available to the public after a waiting period.
Fascínio e obsessão: Momik e as listas em Ver: Amor, de David Grossman
Authors: Nascimento Lyslei
Published: November 2017

Narrar ficcionalmente a Shoah, evidenciando a fragmentação no e do discurso por meio de listas e de enumerações parece ser uma aproximação possível no romance Ver: Amor, de David Grossman. Para além da mera constatação das rupturas, este artigo busca, na análise das listas construídas por narradores e personagens, não ignorar a “evocação de imagens memoráveis”, como queriam Italo Calvino e Umberto Eco.
Terrores noturnos e diurnos: o discurso do exílio da vanguarda surrealista romena diante da guerra
Authors: Miguel Alcebiades Diniz
Published: November 2017

O descentramento cultural da Romênia é bastante conhecido e profundamente estudado por seus filósofos ao menos desde o século XIX. Esse pequeno país, com seu idioma de ascendência latina, sua arquitetura e estruturas político-cultural derivadas ao mesmo tempo das França e da Itália, está encravado no meio de nações – mesmo de potências – eslavas e da vastidão política imperial representada pela Hungria. Tal descentramento, de certa forma, impulsionaria uma vanguarda, composta notadamente por judeus, a estruturar um amplo apocalipse cultural desde o início do século XX – projeto revolucionário que não afetaria apenas a Romênia, mas toda a Europa. Tal apocalipse cultural, é necessário destacar, foi bastante amplificado por não ter raízes ou formas de identificação que o prendessem a um país, uma paisagem. Este artigo abordará os desdobramentos tardios desse projeto, quando os autores do grupo “Infra-Noir” enfrentaram com seu discurso do exílio, o(s) totalitarismo(s) genocida(s) que sucessivamente dominaram a Romênia e boa parte da Europa.
A brisa, a queda, o Gueto de Vilna
Authors: Borges Afonso
Published: November 2017

A brisa, a queda, o Gueto de Vilna
Fractal
Authors: Schechtman Alfredo
Published: November 2017

Fractal
Arqshoah: espaço virtual de memória e educação sobre os direitos humanos
Authors: Colffield Carol
Published: November 2017

Neste artigo, reconstituímos a proposta e a trajetória do Arquivo Virtual sobre o Holocausto e Antissemitismo, Arqshoah, e sua simbiose com iniciativas cujo objetivo é a educação sobre os direitos humanos. Tendo como eixo central os testemunhos dos refugiados do nazifascismo e dos sobreviventes do Holocausto radicados no Brasil ou que tiveram o país como uma das etapas de sua travessia, o Arqshoah, nos papéis de guardião da coleção que abriga, de produtor de um acervo de história oral que resgata as vozes dos protagonistas do evento e de catalisador de iniciativas em educação, constitui uma referência para todos aqueles que queiram aprofundar-se no conhecimento da história desse período e também para os agentes comprometidos com o desenvolvimento de uma cultura voltada à paz.
Um duplo perigo: soldados judeus na Força Expedicionária Brasileira
Authors: Blajberg Israel
Published: November 2017

Este artigo trata da participação de soldados judeus na Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB), a única tropa de um país latino-americano a entrar em combate na Segunda Guerra Mundial. São ainda objeto de estudo deste artigo o ataque nazista que determinou a entrada do Brasil na guerra, a formação da FEB e as principais batalhas travadas, todas com participação relevante de soldados judeus. É apresentada, ainda, uma lista dos soldados judeus da FEB e minibiografias de alguns dos que mais se destacaram em combate ou na vida civil do pós-guerra.
Sexual Assault on College Campuses: Substance Use, Victim Status Awareness, and Barriers to Reporting
Authors: Schwarz Jill , Gibson Sandy , Lewis-Ar Carolynne
Published: November 2017

Background: Despite the high incidence of estimated sexual assault on college campuses, underreporting is substantial and perpetuated by a culture of rape myths that are pervasive across society in general and college campuses.Aim: The aim of this study was to: examine college student awareness of their own sexual assault victimization status, barriers to reporting, and the prevalence of substance use in sexual assault.Method: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method survey sent to a universal sample of college students from two neighboring institutions of higher education (N=2,724).Results: Results from this survey demonstrated a lack of understanding of what constitutes sexual assault, primarily attributed to the normalization of assault and rape myths. Regardless of victim status awareness, those who were victimized were significantly more likely to use higher levels of alcohol than non-victims, and were less likely to identify their victimization as sexual assault, highlighting the need for college students to understand that alcohol-involved sexual assault is still sexual assault.Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, participants cited the potential consequences as far greater than any potential benefits to reporting sexual assault. Confusion about what constitutes sexual assault and uncertainty of available resources were also recognized as contributing factors in underreporting.
Mindfulness-Based Group Approach for Undergraduate Students with Disordered Eating or Body Image Issues: A Case Study
Authors: Stumpf Olivia
Published: November 2017

Background: Mindfulness can be defined as "consciously bringing awareness to the present moment by focusing non-judgmentally on cognitions, emotions, and physical sensations" (Kabat-Zinn, 1994). This technique is applicable to patients with disordered eating, body image issues, or eating disorders (EDs) because these individuals have a tendency to become detached from their emotions and use the over or under consumption of food to regulate their internal state (Corstorphine, 2006). Mindfulness techniques are used to create a connection between thoughts, feelings and physical sensations, and external experiences. Practicing mindful eating is one way undergraduate students can be attentive to hunger cues and ensure balanced nutrition amidst a full academic schedule.Aim: The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a mindfulness-based group approach to managing eating disorders in college students with disordered eating or body image issues.Methods: Undergraduate students ages 18 to 22 years old who were already receiving treatment for ED symptomatology from a university Counseling & Psychological Services Center were recruited to participate in a six-week mindfulness-based group approach to eating awareness. Results from the progress of two participants’ process observations are shared.Results: Increases were seen in participants’ confidence in using mindfulness-based practices to foster a sense of acceptance, nurturance, and adaptive behaviors.Conclusions: A mindfulness-based group approach to treatment of disordered eating or body image issues shows promise for improving the quality of life for college-aged students. Undergraduate institutions have the advantage of using social interaction to facilitate healthy behavioral change. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is suggested, and implications regarding practice and education are also discussed.
Editorial
Authors: Kazer Meredith
Published: November 2017

No abstract available.
Awareness of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions among second professional MBBS students of a medical college in Kerala, India
Authors: P. Abdul Aslam , Shajahan Jihana , Purushothaman Sangeetha
Published: November 2017

Background: Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities related to detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADR). The major challenge faced by the pharmacovigilance programme of India is underreporting. It is mainly due to lack of awareness, knowledge, attitude and practice among health care professionals. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of second professional MBBS students towards ADR reporting and to provide a session on pharmacovigilance as an intervention to increase their awareness since they are the future budding doctors.Methods: This questionnaire based study was conducted among 158 second professional MBBS students of Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala. A pretest was conducted using the questionnaire followed by which a two-hours session on ADR reporting and Pharmacovigilance was given. A posttest was done with the same questionnaire. The response of the KAP questionnaire were analysed separately for pretest and posttest in percentages and based on scores and was compared.Results: Out of the158 students participated all the students successfully completed the questions of both pretest and posttest within stipulated time frame. In pretest 3 (1.9%), 101 (64%), 43 (27.1%) candidates were categorized to excellent, good and poor respectively. In posttest 155 (98.1%), 3 (1.9%) were in excellent and good category respectively. There was not even a single candidate in poor category. There was a marked increase in the knowledge and awareness of the students after the two hours intervention session on ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance which was statistically significant (p= 0.001).Conclusions: This study revealed the awareness of second professional MBBS students towards ADR reporting and Pharmacovigilance in our institution and also clearly showed the importance of early sensitization through educational interventions, which improved the KAP in pharmacovigilance in them. Educating medical students will improve the challenge of underreporting of ADRs and will increase the numbers of ADRs reported in our country.
Assessment on antinociceptive actions of soluble fractions derived from edible mollusc (Bellamya bengalensis Lam.)
Authors: Adhikari Anjan , Bhattacharya Sangita , Chanda Abhijit , Sur Tapas Kumar
Published: November 2017

Background: Bellamya bengalensis, an edible bivalve mollusc is traditionally used in the treatment of joint pain, bone fracture, jaundice and eye infections. Present study was designed to find out the most potent analgesic fractions derived from the body mass of Bellamya bengalensis.Methods: The test specimen was collected, identified and fractionated with solvent medium like, phosphate buffer saline (PB), ethyl acetate (EB), methanol (MB) and chloroform (CB). Protein concentration of each fraction was determined. The antinociceptive activities were measured either by thermal models like, hot plate and tail immersion (central analgesic action) or by chemical model like acetic acid induced writhing (peripheral analgesic action) in mice. Diclofenac sodium was used as analgesic standard.Results: Significant peripheral and central analgesic activity showed by phosphate buffer saline fraction at 100mg/kg, even better than diclofenac standard at 10mg/kg. In hot plate and tail immersion tests, phosphate buffer saline showed the highest activity followed by methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction respectively. However, in case of peripheral analgesic experiment, phosphate buffer fraction exhibited maximum writhing inhibitory properties and that was followed by chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate fraction respectively.Conclusions: Phosphate buffer saline fraction of Bellamya bengalensis showed maximum potential central and peripheral analgesic activity than any other fractions.
Postpartum contraception: determinants of intention and methods of use among an obstetric cohort in a tertiary hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ujah Otobo I. , Ocheke Amaka N. , Mutihir Josiah T. , Okopi Joseph Anejo , Ujah Innocent A. O.
Published: November 2017

Background: Postpartum contraception reduces the risk of unintended and rapid repeat pregnancies. A comprehensive postpartum family planning (PPFP) service can enable women make adequate and informed choices on a preferred contraceptive method, initiating a method as well as encouraging them to use that method for a period depending on their reproductive intentions.Methods: This study aimed to determine women’s intention regarding uptake of postpartum family planning, the preferred methods and the factors associated with uptake. We conducted a cross-sectional study among women attending antenatal and postnatal clinics at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test of comparison.Results: Four hundred and five women participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 28.4+5.3 years. The previous contraceptive usage was 39.8%. A total of 262 (64%) women intend to use a method of postpartum contraception. The most preferred intended postpartum contraceptive was subdermal implant (19.2%) followed by injectables (18.4%) and intrauterine contraceptive device (14.7%). Reasons cited for nonuse of postpartum contraception include spousal refusal, effect on fertility, desire for further child bearing, religious beliefs.Conclusions: Counselling on postpartum contraception during the antenatal and postnatal period can help women make informed choices among the wide range of available contraception.
Prevalence and identification of Candida sp. in pregnant women using VITEK-2
Authors: Mishra Sujata P. , Sahoo Chita R. , Rath Siba N. , Padhy Rabindra N.
Published: November 2017

Background: Candida sp. is seen in several areas of body such as, mouth, groin area including vagina and digestive tract as thrush or gastroenteritis. The slide-culture technique and the VITEK-2 automated system were used for species-identification of the fungus; nonetheless, a gold standard or any first identification method would have inherent errors in arriving at a correct identification of a microorganism at species level.Methods: Morphological fungal criteria were ascertained with germ tubes, glucose agar, sugar fermentation and sugar assimilation tests Candida from vaginal swabs and other clinical samples of 85 infected pregnant women with diabetes, by growing swab lots on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) plates, the slide culture technique and the VITEK-2 automated system.Results: Of 85 patients, 122 isolates in SDA culture were determined as 7 Candida sp.  with number of isolates of each species, as follows: 47 C. albicans, 9 C. famata, 11 C. glabrata, 13 C. guilliermondii, 8 C. krusei, 3 C. parapsilosis and 37 C. tropicalis from vaginal swabs. From 60 vaginal swabs, 46 urine samples and 12 throat swabs it was seen that C. albicans was most prevalent. However, withVITEK-2, 201 fungal strains were identified; Candida sp. was isolated in all samples: 59 C. albicans, 19 C. famata, 21 C. glabrata, 23 C. guilliermondii,18 C. krusei, 13 C. parapsilosis and 48 C. tropicalis.Conclusions: The most prevalent species among the isolated fungi was C. albicans, causing VC in diabetic pregnant women.
Role of omega 3 fatty acids on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Anne Sirisha , Menon Aruna , Parikh Sameena
Published: November 2017

Background: Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role on influencing fetal growth and birth outcome. Any nutritional insult during critical periods of gestation is known to influence fetal development and increases the risk for development of diseases in later life. Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids have been studied to effect fetal growth and development. The balance between these two fatty acids have a definite effect on fetal growth and duration of gestation. Dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids is less as compared to omega 6 fatty acids due to varied dietary sources.Methods: A study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to study the pregnancy outcome in terms of neonatal birth weight and duration of gestation. A total of 200 patients were recruited into the study and divided into two groups by randomised alternative method. One group of 100 patients were supplemented with Omega 3 fatty acids and the other group was not supplemented. Both groups were followed till delivery and their duration of gestation and neonatal birth weight were studied and analysed.Results: The study showed that 78.8% patients supplemented with omega 3 fatty acids achieved neonatal birth weight more than 2.5Kg compared to 50% of patients who were not supplemented. No significant difference on duration of gestation was found in both the groups.Conclusions: Supplementation of Omega 3 fatty acids to patients in our study has shown to increase neonatal birth weight compared to patients who have not been supplemented, and did not show any significance in prolonging duration of gestation.