bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women and the Shift from Theatre to Cinema in Spain: The Case of Helena Cortesina (1903–84)
Authors: Cordero-Hoyo Elena , Soto-Vázquez Begoña
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to identify the main causes behind women achieving, on the one hand, important positions as theatre managers in Spain but, on the other, being relegated a marginal status in the shift to cinema. We use the career of the artist Helena Cortesina to illustrate the only known example of a woman becoming a silent cinema entrepreneur in Spain. An actress, producer, and director of Flor de España o la leyenda de un torero ( Spanish flower or the bullfighter's story, 1921) Cortesina transitioned from the variety dances stage to silent film and became a theatrical manager. Her professional career exemplifies the inter-artistic relations between cinema and the scenic arts at the beginning of the twentieth century and the professional bridge between them. This article contributes to feminist film historiography. Following Monica Dall’Asta, it presents a ‘history that invites us to work using creative hypotheses and even imagination’. The article revisits Spanish Film History, reinterpreting the hegemonic production of knowledge that has been historically told from a (supposedly) un-gendered perspective. Our article seeks to disrupt this patriarchal narrative of firsts (including geniuses, technical discoveries, and masterpieces) that relegate women's experiences to the margins of History.
Peginterferon β-1a every 2 weeks increased achievement of no evidence of disease activity over 4 years in the ADVANCE and ATTAIN studies in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Arnold Douglas L. , Shang Shulian , Dong Qunming , Meergans Matthias , Naylor Maria L.
Published: August 2018

Background:

No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) is a composite measurement, incorporating clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) elements of disease activity to sensitively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Objective:

To assess the NEDA status of patients treated with peginterferon β-1a in the ADVANCE and ATTAIN studies and explore its predictive value on longer-term clinical outcomes.

Methods:

ATTAIN was a 2-year extension of the pivotal 2-year ADVANCE study of peginterferon β-1a for RRMS. Achievement of clinical NEDA, MRI NEDA, or overall NEDA was calculated cumulatively and by year over 4 years. Clinical outcomes during ATTAIN were analyzed based on NEDA status at the end of ADVANCE.

Results:

Significantly more patients treated with peginterferon β-1a every 2 weeks than every 4 weeks achieved clinical NEDA (60.6% versus 50.6%, p = 0.0063) and MRI NEDA (28.3% versus 15.8%, p = 0.0005) through year 4 and overall NEDA through year 3 (20.9% versus 13.9%, p = 0.0160). Over 4 years, 15.8% of patients in the every 2 weeks group and 10.7% of patients in the every 4 weeks group maintained overall NEDA ( p = 0.0584). Achievement of clinical NEDA, MRI NEDA, or overall NEDA in ADVANCE was predictive of annualized relapse rate in ATTAIN; achievement of clinical NEDA in ADVANCE was also predictive of NEDA achievement and confirmed disability worsening in ATTAIN.

Conclusions:

Peginterferon β-1a every 2 weeks is associated with higher levels of NEDA compared with placebo in year 1 or peginterferon β-1a every 4 weeks in years 2–4. Overall NEDA within the first 2 years of treatment may be prognostic of long-term clinical outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01332019
Hemophagocytic syndrome in a cat
Authors: Wilkinson Ashley R , Carr Susan V , Klahn Shawna L , Dervisis Nikolaos G , Hanks Cory R
Published: August 2018

Case summary

A 12-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a 10 month history of weight loss. Thin body condition and a grade II/VI systolic parasternal heart murmur was noted during examination. Moderate-to-severe anemia and intermittent thrombocytopenia were identified on serial complete blood counts. Antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were detected, but vaccination for FIV occurred previously. Echocardiography revealed biatrial and biventricular enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy and pericardial effusion. Splenomegaly was present on abdominal ultrasound and cytological evaluation revealed macrophagic infiltration with erythrophagocytosis. Cytological evaluation of the bone marrow revealed similar findings. Histopathology of the spleen confirmed hemophagocytosis with no evidence of malignancy. A presumptive diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome was made. PCR testing for FIV on the splenic tissue was negative. The cat was treated with lomustine. Disease progression occurred approximately 6 months after diagnosis and the cat was euthanized.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is one of the few reports describing the diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome in a cat.
Gendered Paths in Ethnic Identity Exploration Between Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
Authors: van der Does Tamara , Adem Muna
Published: August 2018

Previous work suggests that women and men differ in their ethnic identification. Yet few studies analyze gender differences in identification patterns between adolescence and emerging adulthood among children of immigrants from multiple national origins. Using a longitudinal survey, we find that the number of men and women from Latin America and the Caribbean who identify as American decreases over time. Young women have a stronger sense of their ethnicity by adolescence, while men are more likely to change identities until emerging adulthood. As they become adults, both men and women choose identities shaped by their national origins: Children of immigrants from Latin America prefer to identify using racial or pan-ethnic categories, while men and women with parents from Cuba or other Caribbean countries tend to choose national origin labels. Taken together, our results highlight how gender and national origins interact to create distinct identity processes for emerging adults.
SCID genotype and 6-month posttransplant CD4 count predict survival and immune recovery
Authors: Haddad Elie , Logan Brent R. , Griffith Linda M. , Buckley Rebecca H. , Parrott Roberta E. , Prockop Susan E. , Small Trudy N. , Chaisson Jessica , Dvorak Christopher C. , Murnane Megan , Kapoor Neena , Abdel-Azim Hisham , Hanson Imelda C. , Martinez Caridad , Bleesing Jack J. H. , Chandra Sharat , Smith Angela R. , Cavanaugh Matthew E. , Jyonouchi Soma , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Burroughs Lauri , Skoda-Smith Suzanne , Haight Ann E. , Tumlin Audrey G. , Quigg Troy C. , Taylor Candace , Dávila Saldaña Blachy J. , Keller Michael D. , Seroogy Christine M. , Desantes Kenneth B. , Petrovic Aleksandra , Leiding Jennifer W. , Shyr David C. , Decaluwe Hélène , Teira Pierre , Gillio Alfred P. , Knutsen Alan P. , Moore Theodore B. , Kletzel Morris , Craddock John A. , Aquino Victor , Davis Jeffrey H. , Yu Lolie C. , Cuvelier Geoffrey D. E. , Bednarski Jeffrey J. , Goldman Frederick D. , Kang Elizabeth M. , Shereck Evan , Porteus Matthew H. , Connelly James A. , Fleisher Thomas A. , Malech Harry L. , Shearer William T. , Szabolcs Paul , Thakar Monica S. , Vander Lugt Mark T. , Heimall Jennifer , Yin Ziyan , Pulsipher Michael A. , Pai Sung-Yun , Kohn Donald B. , Puck Jennifer M. , Cowan Morton J. , O'Reilly Richard J. , Notarangelo Luigi D.
Published: August 2018

Key Points

The genetic cause of SCID impacts on survival and immune reconstitution and should be considered in tailoring HCT for individual patients. Total and naive CD4+ cell counts in SCID patients 6 and 12 months post-HCT predict long-term survival and sustained immune reconstitution.
Antiviral prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Chen Kaiwen , Cheng Matthew P. , Hammond Sarah P. , Einsele Hermann , Marty Francisco M.
Published: August 2018

Patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease, which results in increased morbidity and mortality. Although universal antiviral prophylaxis against CMV improves outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients, data have been conflicting regarding such prophylaxis in patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. We conducted a systematic review of randomized trials of prophylactic antivirals against CMV after allogeneic HCT to summarize the evolution of the field over the last 35 years and evaluate the prophylactic potential of antiviral agents against CMV after allogeneic HCT. Electronic databases were queried from database inception through 31 December 2017. For included studies, incidence of CMV infection and all-cause mortality were collected as primary outcomes; CMV disease incidence, use of preemptive therapy, and drug toxicities were collected as secondary outcomes. Nineteen clinical trials conducted between 1981 and 2017 involving a total of 4173 patients were included for review. Prophylactic strategies included use of acyclovir, valacyclovir, ganciclovir, maribavir, brincidofovir, and letermovir compared with placebo or a comparator antiviral. Fourteen trials that compared antiviral prophylaxis with placebo demonstrated overall effectiveness in reducing incidence of CMV infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.58), CMV disease (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40-0.80), and use of preemptive therapy (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.42-0.62; 6 trials); however, none demonstrated reduction in all-cause mortality (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78-1.18) except the phase 3 trial of letermovir (week-24 OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.98). Additional research is warranted to determine patient groups most likely to benefit from antiviral prophylaxis and its optimal deployment after allogeneic HCT.
Amphiregulin modifies the Minnesota Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Risk Score: results from BMT CTN 0302/0802
Authors: Holtan Shernan G. , DeFor Todd E. , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Khera Nandita , Levine John E. , Flowers Mary E. D. , Lee Stephanie J. , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Chen George L. , Mayer Sebastian , Arora Mukta , Palmer Jeanne , Cutler Corey S. , Arai Sally , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Newell Laura F. , Jagasia Madan H. , Pusic Iskra , Wood William A. , Renteria Anne S. , Yanik Gregory , Hogan William J. , Hexner Elizabeth , Ayuk Francis , Holler Ernst , Bunworasate Udomsak , Efebera Yvonne A. , Ferrara James L. M. , Pidala Joseph , Howard Alan , Wu Juan , Bolaños-Meade Javier , Ho Vincent , Alousi Amin , Blazar Bruce R. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , MacMillan Margaret L.
Published: August 2018

Key Points

High-circulating AREG (≥33 pg/mL) reclassifies additional patients into HR categories and further refines the Minnesota aGVHD risk score. Patients with aGVHD and AREG ≥33 pg/mL have lower rates of steroid response, higher NRM, and poorer OS.
Shock Therapy
Authors: Matza Tomas
Published: August 2018

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia witnessed a dramatic increase in psychotherapeutic options, which promoted social connection while advancing new forms of capitalist subjectivity amid often-wrenching social and economic transformations. In Shock Therapy Tomas Matza provides an ethnography of post-Soviet Saint Petersburg, following psychotherapists, psychologists, and their clients as they navigate the challenges of post-Soviet life. Juxtaposing personal growth and success seminars for elites with crisis counseling and remedial interventions for those on public assistance, Matza shows how profound inequalities are emerging in contemporary Russia in increasingly intimate ways as matters of selfhood. Extending anthropologies of neoliberalism and care in new directions, Matza offers a profound meditation on the interplay between ethics, therapy, and biopolitics, as well as a sensitive portrait of everyday caring practices in the face of the confounding promise of postsocialist democracy.
Erotic Islands
Authors: Gill Lyndon K.
Published: August 2018

In Erotic Islands, Lyndon K. Gill maps a long queer presence at a crossroads of the Caribbean. This transdisciplinary book foregrounds the queer histories of Carnival, calypso, and HIV/AIDS in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. At its heart is an extension of Audre Lorde's use of the erotic as theory and methodology. Gill turns to lesbian/gay artistry and activism to insist on eros as an intertwined political-sensual-spiritual lens through which to see self and society more clearly. This analysis juxtaposes revered musician Calypso Rose, renowned mas man Peter Minshall, and resilient HIV/AIDS organization Friends For Life. Erotic Islands traverses black studies, queer studies, and anthropology toward an emergent black queer diaspora studies.
Human development: recent progress and future prospects
Authors: Pourquié Olivier , Brown Katherine
Published: August 2018

Summary: Our second Special Issue on human development highlights recent progress in this field, new technologies that have contributed to this progress and some of the ethical issues to consider.
The relationship between sex hormones, the vaginal microbiome and immunity in HIV-1 susceptibility in women
Authors: Wessels Jocelyn M. , Felker Allison M. , Dupont Haley A. , Kaushic Charu
Published: August 2018

The role of sex hormones in regulating immune responses in the female genital tract has been recognized for decades. More recently, it has become increasingly clear that sex hormones regulate susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections through direct and indirect mechanisms involving inflammation and immune responses. The reproductive cycle can influence simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections in primates and HIV-1 infection in ex vivo cervical tissues from women. Exogenous hormones, such as those found in hormonal contraceptives, have come under intense scrutiny because of the increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections seen in women using medroxyprogesterone acetate, a synthetic progestin-based contraceptive. Recent meta-analyses concluded that medroxyprogesterone acetate enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility in women by 40%. In contrast, estradiol-containing hormonal contraceptives were not associated with increased susceptibility and some studies reported a protective effect of estrogen on HIV/SIV infection, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies describe a key role for the vaginal microbiota in determining susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1. While Lactobacillus spp.-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with decreased susceptibility, complex microbiota, such as those seen in bacterial vaginosis, correlates with increased susceptibility to HIV-1. Interestingly, sex hormones are inherently linked to microbiota regulation in the vaginal tract. Estrogen has been postulated to play a key role in establishing a Lactobacillus-dominated microenvironment, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate is linked to hypo-estrogenic effects. The aim of this Review is to contribute to a better understanding of the sex-hormone–microbiome–immunity axis, which can provide key information on the determinants of HIV-1 susceptibility in the female genital tract and, consequently, inform HIV-1 prevention strategies.
Rab4A organizes endosomal domains for sorting cargo to lysosome-related organelles
Authors: Nag Sudeshna , Rani Shikha , Mahanty Sarmistha , Bissig Christin , Arora Pooja , Azevedo Cristina , Saiardi Adolfo , van der Sluijs Peter , Delevoye Cedric , van Niel Guillaume , Raposo Graca , Setty Subba Rao
Published: August 2018

Sorting endosomes (SEs) are the regulatory hubs for sorting cargo to multiple organelles, including lysosome-related organelles, such as melanosomes in melanocytes. In parallel, melanosome biogenesis is initiated from SEs with the processing and sequential transport of melanocyte-specific proteins toward maturing melanosomes. However, the mechanism of cargo segregation on SEs is largely unknown. Here, RNAi screening in melanocytes revealed that knockdown of Rab4A results in defective melanosome maturation. Rab4A-depletion increases the number of vacuolar endosomes and disturbs the cargo sorting, which in turn lead to the mislocalization of melanosomal proteins to lysosomes, cell surface and exosomes. Rab4A localizes to the SEs and forms an endosomal complex with the adaptor AP-3, the effector rabenosyn-5 and the motor KIF3, which possibly coordinates cargo segregation on SEs. Consistent with this, inactivation of rabenosyn-5, KIF3A or KIF3B phenocopied the defects observed in Rab4A-knockdown melanocytes. Further, rabenosyn-5 was found to associate with rabaptin-5 or Rabip4/4′ (isoforms encoded by Rufy1) and differentially regulate cargo sorting from SEs. Thus, Rab4A acts a key regulator of cargo segregation on SEs.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Neurodegeneration and locomotor dysfunction in Drosophila scarlet mutants
Authors: Cunningham Patrick C. , Waldeck Katherine , Ganetzky Barry , Babcock Daniel T.
Published: August 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in progressive locomotor dysfunction. Identification of genes required for the maintenance of these neurons should help to identify potential therapeutic targets. However, little is known regarding the factors that render dopaminergic neurons selectively vulnerable to PD. Here, we show that Drosophila melanogaster scarlet mutants exhibit an age-dependent progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, along with subsequent locomotor defects and a shortened lifespan. Knockdown of Scarlet specifically within dopaminergic neurons is sufficient to produce this neurodegeneration, demonstrating a unique role for Scarlet beyond its well-characterized role in eye pigmentation. Both genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the kynurenine pathway rescued loss of dopaminergic neurons by promoting synthesis of the free radical scavenger kynurenic acid (KYNA) and limiting the production of the free radical generator 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK). Finally, we show that expression of wild-type Scarlet is neuroprotective in a model of PD, suggesting that manipulating kynurenine metabolism may be a potential therapeutic option in treating PD.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Nutritional cell cycle reprogramming reveals that inhibition of Cdk1 is required for proper MBF-dependent transcription
Authors: Rubio Angela , García-Blanco Natalia , Vázquez-Bolado Alicia , Belén Suárez María , Moreno Sergio
Published: August 2018

In nature, cells and in particular unicellular microorganisms are exposed to a variety of nutritional environments. Fission yeast cells cultured in nitrogen-rich media grow fast, divide with a large size and show a short G1 and a long G2. However, when cultured in nitrogen-poor media, they exhibit reduced growth rate and cell size and a long G1 and a short G2. In this study, we compared the phenotypes of cells lacking the highly conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor Rum1 and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activator Ste9 in nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-poor media. Rum1 and Ste9 are dispensable for cell division in nitrogen-rich medium. However, in nitrogen-poor medium they are essential for generating a proper wave of MluI cell-cycle box binding factor (MBF)-dependent transcription at the end of G1, which is crucial for promoting a successful S phase. Mutants lacking Rum1 and Ste9 showed premature entry into S phase and a reduced wave of MBF-dependent transcription, leading to replication stress, DNA damage and G2 cell cycle arrest. This work demonstrates how reprogramming the cell cycle by changing the nutritional environment may reveal new roles for cell cycle regulators.
LIF-dependent survival of embryonic stem cells is regulated by a novel palmitoylated Gab1 signalling protein
Authors: Sutherland Linda , Ruhe Madeleine , Gattegno-Ho Daniela , Mann Karanjit , Greaves Jennifer , Koscielniak Magdalena , Meek Stephen , Lu Zen , Waterfall Martin , Taylor Ryan , Tsakiridis Anestis , Brown Helen , Maciver Sutherland K. , Joshi Anagha , Clinton Michael , Chamberlain Luke H. , Smith Austin , Burdon Tom
Published: August 2018

The cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) promotes self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) through activation of the transcription factor Stat3. However, the contribution of other ancillary pathways stimulated by LIF in ESCs, such as the MAPK and PI3K pathways, is less well understood. We show here that naive-type mouse ESCs express high levels of a novel effector of the MAPK and PI3K pathways. This effector is an isoform of the Gab1 (Grb2-associated binder protein 1) adaptor protein that lacks the N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) membrane-binding domain. Although not essential for rapid unrestricted growth of ESCs under optimal conditions, the novel Gab1 variant (Gab1β) is required for LIF-mediated cell survival under conditions of limited nutrient availability. This enhanced survival is absolutely dependent upon a latent palmitoylation site that targets Gab1β directly to ESC membranes. These results show that constitutive association of Gab1 with membranes through a novel mechanism promotes LIF-dependent survival of murine ESCs in nutrient-poor conditions.
Meeting report – Dynamic Cell III
Authors: Garner Kirsten , Goddard Georgina K. , Johnston Mark , Moruzzi Megan , Woolner Sarah
Published: August 2018

Dynamic Cell III, a meeting jointly organized by the British Society of Cell Biology (BSCB) and the Biochemical Society, took place at the Manchester Conference Centre, Manchester, UK in March 2018. It brought together a diverse group of scientists from around the world, all with a shared interest in understanding how dynamic functions of the cell are fulfilled. A particular focus was the regulation of the cytoskeleton: in cell division, cell migration and cell-cell interactions. Moreover, a key theme that ran through all presented work was the development of new and exciting technologies to study dynamic cell behaviour.
Characterization of a food image stimulus set for the study of multi-attribute decision-making
Authors: Satterthwaite Matthew , Fellows Lesley K.
Published: August 2018

Everyday decisions are generally made between options that vary on multiple different attributes. These might vary from basic biological attributes (e.g. caloric density of a food) to higher-order attributes like healthiness or aesthetic appeal. There is a long tradition of studying the processes involved in explicitly multi-attribute decisions, with information presented in a table, for example. However, most naturalistic choices require attribute information to be identified from the stimulus during evaluation or value comparison. Well-characterized stimulus sets are needed to support behavioral and neuroscience research on this topic. Here we present a set of 200 food images suited to the study of multi-attribute value-based decision-making. The set includes food items likely to appeal to those accustomed to North American and European diets, varying widely on the subjective attributes of visual-aesthetic appeal (“beauty”), tastiness and healthiness, as rated by healthy young Canadian participants (N=30-67). The images have also been characterized on objective characteristics relevant to food decision-making, including caloric density, macronutrient content and visual salience. We provide all attribute data by image and show the extent to which attributes are correlated across the stimulus set. We hope this stimulus set will accelerate progress in the study of naturalistic, value-based decision-making.
A Stochastic Latent Moment Model for Electricity Price Formation
Authors: Gianfreda Angelica , Bunn Derek
Published: August 2018

The wide range of models needed to support the various short-term operations for electricity generation demonstrates the importance of accurate specifications for the uncertainty in market prices. This is becoming increasingly challenging, since hourly price densities for electricity exhibit a variety of shapes, with their characteristic features changing substantially within the day and evolving over time. Furthermore, the influx of renewable power, wind, and solar, in particular, has made these density shapes very weather dependent. We develop a general four-parameter stochastic model for hourly prices, in which the four moments of the density function are dynamically estimated as latent state variables and, furthermore, modelled as functions of several plausible exogenous drivers. This provides a transparent and credible model that is sufficiently flexible to capture the shape-shifting effects, particularly with respect to the wind and solar output variations causing dynamic switches in the upside and downside risks. Extensive testing on German wholesale price data, benchmarked against quantile regression and other models in out-of-sample backtesting, validated the approach and its analytical appeal.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1733 .
A CONSTITUCIONALIDADE DO DIREITO AO ABORTO VOLUNTÁRIO NO SISTEMA NORTE-AMERICANO
Authors: Teles Pires Teresinha Inês
Published: August 2018

Será empreendido um estudo sobre a operacionalidade do sistema norte-americano no que concerne à proteção constitucional do direito ao aborto. Como se verá, esse direito foi reconhecido pela Suprema Corte do país com fundamento no direito à privacidade enquanto uma derivação da cláusula do devido processo legal em seu caráter substantivo. O aperfeiçoamento dos padrões de análise utilizados pelos juízes no dimensionamento da esfera da privacidade individual, trouxe para a prática jurídica um modelo sólido e coerente de concretização das cláusulas da liberdade e da igualdade, no contexto da autonomia procriativa. Tornou-se possível, assim, a incorporação de direitos fundamentais não expressos na Constituição, dentre eles o direito à contracepção e o direito ao aborto. Além disso, pretende-se mostrar que o tema em questão envolve a necessidade de se definir limites para a tutela da vida pré-natal a partir do significado constitucional do direito à vida, o que recebeu rigorosa atenção no julgamento dos casos a serem apresentados e discutidos neste ensaio.
Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone
Authors: Zhao S. , Arnold M. , Ma S. , Abel R. L. , Cobb J. P. , Hansen U. , Boughton O.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

The ability to determine human bone stiffness is of clinical relevance in many fields, including bone quality assessment and orthopaedic prosthesis design. Stiffness can be measured using compression testing, an experimental technique commonly used to test bone specimens in vitro. This systematic review aims to determine how best to perform compression testing of human bone.

Methods

A keyword search of all English language articles up until December 2017 of compression testing of bone was undertaken in Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies using bulk tissue, animal tissue, whole bone, or testing techniques other than compression testing were excluded.

Results

A total of 4712 abstracts were retrieved, with 177 papers included in the analysis; 20 studies directly analyzed the compression testing technique to improve the accuracy of testing. Several influencing factors should be considered when testing bone samples in compression. These include the method of data analysis, specimen storage, specimen preparation, testing configuration, and loading protocol.

Conclusion

Compression testing is a widely used technique for measuring the stiffness of bone but there is a great deal of inter-study variation in experimental techniques across the literature. Based on best evidence from the literature, suggestions for bone compression testing are made in this review, although further studies are needed to establish standardized bone testing techniques in order to increase the comparability and reliability of bone stiffness studies. Cite this article: S. Zhao, M. Arnold, S. Ma, R. L. Abel, J. P. Cobb, U. Hansen, O. Boughton. Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:524–538. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0025.R1.
Determination of Catechins and Caffeine Content in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Leaves at Different Positions by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Rui-Qing , Li Xiao-Li , He Yong , Jin Juan-Juan
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In new shoots, the contents and distribution of catechins and caffeine, two important bioactive chemicals in tea ( L.), strongly reflect the physiology and nutrition of tea. In this study, four primary catechin monomers and caffeine in tea leaves at different positions on three cultivars were determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy coupled to chemometrics. A combination of interval partial least squares (iPLS), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to extract characteristic wavenumbers that reflected the molecular characteristics of the constituents. Furthermore, Gaussian process regression (GPR) determination models were developed for all constituents with good predictability and robustness based on the extracted wavenumbers. The coefficients of determination for the prediction sets were all approximately 0.93, which indicated the high feasibility of FTIR spectroscopy for determination of catechins and caffeine in tea leaves. This analytical method could provide quick and efficient detection of catechin monomers and caffeine in fresh tea leaves, which have great impacts on the cultivation of tea trees and the selection of raw materials for tea processing. Keywords: Caffeine, Catechin, FTIR spectroscopy, Gaussian process regression, Quantification, Tea.
SWAT+ versus SWAT2012: Comparison of Sub-Daily Urban Runoff Simulations
Authors: Her Younggu , Jeong Jeahak
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The current FORTRAN code of SWAT (SWAT2012) is being rebuilt to ease new model and module development by incorporating object-oriented programming techniques into defining spatial objects and calculating variables. SWAT+, the new SWAT code, is expected to offer flexible watershed representation with linked spatial objects. Ideally, SWAT+ produces outputs that are comparable to SWAT2012, if not identical, when the two versions of SWAT are set with the same input for a watershed. However, the drastic restructuring of the source code may cause unexpected results in the output, especially when compared with the current SWAT2012 model that has a long history of model validation. In this technical note, we compare sub-daily, daily, and monthly hydrographs provided by SWAT2012 and SWAT+ that were prepared for a small urban watershed in Austin, Texas. The model parameters were calibrated to 15 min and daily runoff observed in the watershed. SWAT+ was on par with SWAT2012 in predicting streamflow at daily and monthly scales. However, the HRU-level flow routing scheme newly added to SWAT+ created multiple peaks in the sub-daily hydrographs, suggesting a need to further improve the water transport simulation strategies. This technical note provides ideas of how SWAT+ is organized and if a SWAT modeler can maintain consistency in modeling results when shifting from the original code to the new code. In addition, this technical note discusses the potential for improved SWAT+ modeling. Keywords: Model calibration, Storm event, Sub-daily simulation, SWAT, Urban watershed.
Droplet Motion Model and Simulation of a Complete Fluidic Sprinkler
Authors: Junping Liu , Xingye Zhu , Shouqi Yuan , Xingfa Liu
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Simulation and experimental verification of the spray trajectory of a complete fluidic sprinkler was performed. Through further analysis of the forces moving droplets in the air and by exploring the relationship between the air drag coefficient and droplet trajectory, a droplet motion model was established. The velocity of a spray nozzle outlet is a gamma distribution, and the droplet deviation angle is a uniform distribution with a range of 0° to 360° when the sprinkler rotates uniformly for a full circle of spraying. The droplet size distribution in the spray area is approximately log-normal, the wind speed and direction follow a normal distribution, and the initial droplet angle is 27°. Based on a random simulation theory, the droplet trajectories were simulated using MATLAB software. The simulated results show that, compared to the tested value, the error between the simulated and measured values for the average droplet diameter decreased from 53% to 2% with increasing distance. The simulated values for droplet cumulative frequency and droplet speed were nearly the same as the tested value with only a small error. For both droplet distribution and kinetic energy, the relative error was less than 20%. Therefore, the stochastic simulation method can simulate the sprinkler droplet distribution characteristics. Keywords: Complete fluidic sprinkler, Droplet breakup mechanism, Droplet distribution, Droplet motion trajectory.
Influence of Kernel Shape and Size on the Packing Ratio and Compressibility of Hard Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Petingco Marvin C. , Casada Mark E. , Maghirang Ronaldo G. , Thompson Sidney A. , McNeill Samuel G. , Montross Michael D. , Turner Aaron P.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Grain compaction occurs during bin storage, and its determination is important for the grain mass estimation needed for inventory and auditing. The degree of compaction is dependent on grain type, bin type, moisture content, amount of grain, initial grain bulk density, coefficients of friction, lateral-to-vertical pressure coefficient, and variation in kernel size. Previous studies have correlated several of these parameters, such as bulk density and grain packing, with moisture content. This study investigated the influence of wheat kernel shape and size distribution on packing ratio and compressibility. Two dockage-free hard red winter (HRW) wheat samples, with no shrunken or broken kernels, were sieved using U.S. Tyler sieves #6, #7, #8, and #10, and the kernels retained on the sieves were used in the experiments. The kernel dimensional parameters and bulk sample parameters were measured, and additional derived parameters were calculated for each size fraction and variety. Packing ratio and compressibility of the size fractions and of binary and ternary mixtures of the size fractions were also determined for each variety. Packing ratio increased with larger kernel size, while compressibility decreased. Sphericity and flatness shape factor had strong positive linear relationships with packing ratio and strong negative relationships with compressibility, while elongation shape factor behaved the opposite way with packing ratio and compressibility. The higher the percentage mass of the larger kernel fraction in a mixture, the higher was its packing ratio and the lower its compressibility. The two tested varieties of wheat did not significantly differ in packing ratio and compressibility. These findings can be used in developing models for more accurate estimation of grain pack factor and to determine the mass of grain inside bins and other storage structures. Keywords: Compressibility, Packing, Shape, Size, Wheat.
Optimal spatial bandwidth capacity in multiplexed off-axis holography for rapid quantitative phase reconstruction and visualization: erratum
Authors: Dardikman Gili , Turko Nir A. , Nativ Noa , Mirsky Simcha K. , Shaked Natan T.
Published: August 2018

We correct a typo that repeated itself in several equations. Our previous results and conclusions are unchanged.
Jones calculus modeling and analysis of the thermal distortion in a Ti:sapphire laser amplifier: erratum
Authors: Cho Seryeyohan , Jeong Jihoon , Yu Tae Jun
Published: August 2018

Equations 41–44 in our paper [Opt. Express 26, 14362 (2016)] contain errors. We correct the equations in this erratum.
Margaret Dunn: A life and career biographical study
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: August 2018

Despite the challenges and difficulties involved in crafting a viable living as a professional creative writer, a number of Australian women sustained careers as popular writers in the twentieth century. Some of these worked across multiple genres, media and professional descriptors, maintaining what can be described as portfolio careers. This case study recognizes that the task of writing the lives of such popular writers is important because, in addition to restoring women to the historical record, such narratives make an important contribution towards understanding the production and consumption of popular writing. Margaret Dunn (1919–2011) worked for 70 years as a popular journalist, radio dramatist, cookbook writer and historian in Adelaide, Sydney, New York, New Delhi and Geneva. In addition to outlining the trajectory of her life, this study provides the first profile of her career as a popular writer and of the narratives that she constructed and published for both Australian and international audiences. This will include discussion of the ‘golden age’ of radio and the roles that women played in the production of this media, her bestselling cookbook Mother’s Best Recipes (1974) and how she wrote engaging institutional and family histories that reached mainstream audiences.
Television Review
Authors: Miletovic Nino
Published: August 2018

Safe Harbour, SBS Australia (2018), Glendyn Ivin (DIR.), Matchbox Pictures, March 2018
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRIMARY MARINE PRODUCTIVITY OF NORTHWESTERN INDONESIAN WATERS
Authors: Dotty Maxwell S. , Soeriaatmadja Raden Engkoes , Soegiarto Aprilany
Published: August 2018

During the fall months of 1957, a scientific cruise was completed in some of the more northwestern fishery areas of Western Indonesia (Fig. 1) on the Indonesian research vessel "Samudera". One of the principal objectives of this cruise was to determine the rates at which inorganic carbon is converted to organic material relative to the waters of the Pacific further east. The physical nature of the waters and the hydrographic results of related cruises have been reported (e.g., SOERIAATMADJA, 1956a & b; SJARIF, 1959; WYRTKI, 1961) elsewhere.
Ser en el mundo sin ser del mundo. Serenidad y direcciones del cuidado en Heidegger
Authors: Chillón José Manuel
Published: August 2018

La serenidad (Gelassenheit) parece abundar en la actitud resignada ante un mundo tecnificado cuya marcha irredenta solo podrá ser detenida ya solo por un dios que pueda aún salvarnos. En mi opinión, esta conocida lectura obvia la parte activa y comprometida de la serenidad cuya fertilidad emerge cuando se entiende vinculada al cuidado como esencia del Dasein. Este artículo defiende que esta interpretación es posible toda vez que se descubra la raíz cristiano-paulina de la Gelassenheit como la actitud adecuada para ser en el mundo sin ser del mundo.
Edmund Husserl y el problema del solipsismo en las «Meditaciones cartesianas»
Authors: Porto Nogueira, SJ Tarcísio
Published: August 2018

Las corrientes filosóficas de inspiración cartesiana tarde o temprano tienen que afrontar el solipsismo como un resultado al menos plausible de su desarrollo. La Fenomenología no podía evitar la misma suerte. Después de un rápido panorama en lo tocante a la fenomenología husserliana y el solipsismo, pasamos a exponer críticamente el texto de las Meditaciones cartesianas de Husserl, específicamente la quinta. Intentaremos señalar la insuficiencia de la exposición husserliana a la hora de superar, desde sus propias bases, la amenaza del solipsismo.
Preparation and Characterization of TiN-SBR Coating on Metallic Bipolar Plates for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Yuan Juntao , Zhu Ming
Published: August 2018

In order to reduce interfacial contact resistance (ICR) and enhance corrosion resistance of 310 stainless steel (310 SS) for bipolar plates (BPs) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), TiN with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) coating was prepared by using electrophoretic deposition. Microstructure of TiN-SBR coated 310 SS prepared under different conditions was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a uniform, dense and well-bonded TiN-SBR coating was prepared at 30 V for 10 s in the suspension liquid containing 6.0 g/L SBR. Polarization behavior in the simulated service environment of PEMFC (1 M H2SO4 at 298 K) and ICR of the TiN-SBR coating deposited under the optimized conditions were investigated. The results showed that the TiN-SBR coating successfully decreased the anodic polarization current and ICR, indicating excellent interfacial contact resistance and corrosion resistance.
Structural and Optical Characterization of ZnO and Glucose Capped ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Dhanalakshmi A. , Thanikaikarasan S. , Natarajan B. , Ramadas V. , Mahalingam T. , Eapen Delfeena , Sebastian P. J.
Published: August 2018

Zinc Oxide and Glucose capped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have been prepared using modified chemical reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the prepared samples possess polycrystalline nature with hexagonal structure. Surface morphology has been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The estimated value of band gap was found to be 3.41 and 3.87 eV for Zinc Oxide and Glucose capped ZnO respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis has been carried out to find the chemical bond and elemental composition present in Zinc Oxide and Glucose capped Zinc Oxide.
Study of Ethanol Electrooxidation Reaction at Room Temperature on Nanometric Pt-Ru, Pt-Sn and Pt-Ru-Sn in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells
Authors: Carbajal F. Ginez , García M. A. , Gamboa S. A.
Published: August 2018

Ethanol electrooxidation in acid medium was investigated on Pt-Ru-Sn/C, Pt-Ru/C and Pt-Sn/C. The electrocatalysts were synthesized by microwave assisted chemical reduction reaction. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and electrochemical analysis for the electrooxidation of ethanol. The ternary electrocatalyst was evaluated in an experimental Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC). The method of synthesis used in this work allowed the formation of nanostructured electrocatalysts. The results obtained by electrochemical studies showed that the ternary system Pt-Ru-Sn/C exhibited the highest activity with respect to the binary systems Pt-Ru/C and Pt-Sn/C for carrying out the ethanol electrooxidation reaction. 0.4 mg∙cm-2 of electrocatalytic load of Pt-Ru-Sn/C was placed in the anode of an experimental fuel cell operating at room temperature. It was possible to obtain a power density of 0.14, 0.12 and 0.11 mW∙cm-2 after 20, 40 and 60 minutes respectively. The experiments were carried out at a controlled temperature of 297 K and they showed the feasibility to produce electricity at room temperature by using this ternary electrocatalyst in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells.
Optical and Electrochemical Properties of PB-ZnO and PB-ZnO/MWCNT Nanocomposite Films Deposited by Chemical Bath
Authors: Özütok Fatma , Yakar Emin
Published: August 2018

The first aim of this study was to investigate the ZnO modification effect on the prussian blue (PB) films. A second aim of the study was to determine the decoration effect of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the PB-ZnO nanocomposite films which could be deposited by chemical bath. The electrochemical behaviour of PB films was systematically studied using ZnO- or ZnO/MWCNT modification. Additionally, detailed optical properties of nanocomposite films were determined by UV-VIS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Optical transparency was severely decreased by ZnO modification onto PB film but the decoration of MWCNTs did not change the optical transparency of film compared to PB film. PB, ZnO and MWCNT presence in the nanocomposite films were proven by FTIR spectrum. Stretching vibration peak of C≡N shifted to short-wavelength for PB-ZnO nanocomposite films and same peak disappeared with MWCNT coating due to the structural distortion. ZnO modification and MWCNT coating affected the electrochemical properties due to the different factors such as OH- group effect in film growth process, Zn2+ substitution with Fe2+ site and interaction between ferricyanide ions and oxygen.
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Liu Benzhi , Liu Guangqing , Xiao Bo , Yan Jinlong
Published: August 2018

A selective and sensitive molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was prepared based on the electropolymerization of methylthionine chloride on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. The proposed sensor was applied to the determination of sulfamethoxazole which showed a linear range of 2.4 to 23.6 µM, and a detection limit of 0.81 µM.The determination of sulfamethoxazole in real samples was also studied.
Surfactant-assisted Pulse Electrodeposition of Hausmannite Nano-rods/particles with Improved Pseudocapacitive Performance
Authors: Aghazadeh Mustafa
Published: August 2018

Pulse cathodic electrodeposition of manganese oxide was performed from 0.005M MnCl2 in the presence of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The electrosynthesis experiments were done at the simple pulse mode (ton=1ms and toff=1ms) with applying current density of 10 mA cm–2. The structural analyses through XRD and FTIR revealed that the prepared sample have the pure hausmannite crystal structure. Morphological observations by SEM showed that the deposited hausmannite has mixed rod/particle morphology. The charge storage performances of the prepared hausmannite were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge techniques. The Mn3O4 working electrode exhibited only 13% capacity decay after 1000 cycles at the current load of 2 A g–1, and its SC value reduced from 239 F g–1 to 207 F g–1. The results proved that the prepared Mn3O4 nano-rods/particles are suitable electrode material for supercapacitors.
Hubungan antara Lingkar Leher dengan Rasio Trigliserida/High-Density Lipoprotein pada Remaja
Authors: Murbawani Etisa Adi
Published: August 2018

Latar Belakang : Peningkatan kadar trigliserida dan High-Density Lipoprotein erat kaitannya dengan kejadian obesitas, penyakit kardiovaskuler, dan sindrom metabolik. Lingkar leher merupakan salah satu metode pengukuran antropometri yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan skrining terhadap beberapa indikator biokimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara lingkar leher dengan rasio trigliserida / High-Density Lipoprotein pada remaja.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional terhadap 28 remaja berusia 12-15 tahun di Semarang. Data lingkar leher diperoleh dengan melakukan pengukuran menggunakan pita ukur melingkar pada bagian tengah leher. Pengambilan darah dan uji laboratorium dilakukan setelah subyek berpuasa 6 – 8 jam. Hubungan antara lingkar leher dan rasio TG/HDL akan dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. Uji korelasi spearman juga dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan variabel confounding dengan rasio TG/HDL. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji regresi linear bertingkat untuk mengetahui variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan rasio TG/HDL.Hasil :: Terdapat hubungan positif yang kuat antara lingkar leher dengan rasio TG/HDL (p=0,000, r=0,677). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat, lingkar pinggang juga berpengaruh terhadap rasio TG/HDL. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh tidak meratanya distirbusi sunyek dalam penelitian ini.Kesimpulan : Rasio TG/HDL dipengaruhi oleh lingkar leher dan lingkar pinggang.Kata Kunci : lingkar leher, rasio trigliserda/HDL, remaja