bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the production and regeneration of protoplasts from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Authors: Ishikawa Francine Hiromi , Barcelos Quélen de Lima , Souza Elaine Aparecida de , Dias Eustáquio Souza
Published: March 2010

The present work reports factors affecting the production and regeneration of protoplasts from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. The usefulness of protoplast isolation is relevant for many different applications and has been principally used in procedures involving genetic manipulation. Osmotic stabilizers, lytic enzymes, incubation time and mycelial age were evaluated in terms of their effects on protoplast yield. The optimal condition for protoplast production included the incubation of young mycelia (48 h) in 0.6 mol l-1 NaCl as the osmotic stabilizer, with 30 mg ml-1 Lysing Enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum for 3 h of incubation. In these conditions protoplasts production was higher than 10(6) protoplatos ml-1 in the digestion mixture, number suitable enough for experiments of transformation in fungi. Sucrose concentrations of 1.2 mol l-1 and 1 mol l-1 were the most suitable osmotic stabilizers for the regeneration after 48 h, with rates of 16.35% and 14.54%, respectively. This study produced an efficient method for protoplast production and reverted them into a typical mycelial morphology using a Colletotrichum lindemuthianum LV115 isolate.
Determinação do percentual de malte e adjuntos em cervejas comerciais brasileiras através de análise isotópica
Authors: Sleiman Muris , Venturini Filho Waldemar Gastoni , Ducatti Carlos , Nojimoto Toshio
Published: March 2010

Oobjetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a quantidade de malte e de adjunto presentes nas cervejas comerciais brasileiras do tipo Pilsen e detectar possível adulteração em sua composição, tomando por base a legislação brasileira. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia de análise isotópica utilizando os isótopos estáveis dos elementos carbono e nitrogênio. Foram analisadas 161 amostras de cervejas provenientes de dezessete estados do Brasil. Concluiu-se que 95,6 % utilizaram malte e adjunto cervejeiro (derivados de milho ou açúcar de cana: 91,3 % e derivados de arroz: 4,3 %) em sua formulação e outros 4,3 % eram cervejas "puro malte". Das amostras analisadas, 3,7 % eram cervejas com menos de 50 % de malte em sua formulação (adulteradas), 28,6 % delas estavam na faixa de incerteza, para qualquer tipo de adjunto e 67,7 % apresentaram malte dentro do limite legal estabelecido.
Genetic diversity of captive spotted paca (Agouti paca) from south east Brazil assessed by the RAPD-PCR technique
Authors: Antunes Karine Vieira , Machado Théa Mírian Medeiros , Serão Nicola Vergara Lopes , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facione , Paiva Samuel Rezende
Published: March 2010

The genetic diversity was analyzed among spotted paca (Agouti paca) from three commercial flocks located in Brazil. As the genome of this species is unknown, the RAPD-PCR technique was used. Ten primers generated sixty polymorphic bands. The among and within population genetic variability estimated by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was 12.55 and 87.45%, respectively. The shortest Nei distance value was 11.76% among the Carangola (CG) and São Francisco do Glória (SF) populations. This value can be explained by the exchange of reproduction males and females between the two geographically close breeding sites. The analysis of principal components showed well defined and structured groups aggregating animals according their population of origin, with some exceptions. Lower diversity was found in the São Francisco population than in the Carangola and Castelo (CS) populations. This result suggested the variability is better conserved in breeding farms with fifty or sixty animals (CG and CS) than in the breeding farm with a dozen animals (SF). The RADP-PCR technique proved to be informative for the quantification of among and within population genetic variability of the spotted paca. The phenogram generated by UPGMA using the NTSYS-PC software from the Nei Distance, grouped CG and SF on a single branch connected to the CS, with 76 and 100% accuracy, respectively, to the bootstrap. This result was not only consistent with the historical and geographical information on flocks, but also shows the need for periodic reproductive male replacement. Future studies should be developed with co-dominant markers and include spotted paca from more distant places.
Efeito da idade do desmame no desenvolvimento de novilhas de corte até os 14/15 meses de idade
Authors: Vaz Ricardo Zambarda , Lobato José Fernando Piva
Published: March 2010

Avaliou-se a influência do desmame precoce, em média aos 77 dias pós-parto, e do desmame convencional, em média aos 147 dias pós-parto, no desenvolvimento de novilhas de corte. Foram utilizadas 161 bezerras Braford, nascidas nos anos de 2004, 2005 e 2006. Após os desmames as bezerras foram mantidas em pastagens cultivadas de verão (Pennisetum americanum) e de inverno e primavera (Avena strigosa Schreb + Lolium multiflorum Lam). Foram avaliados os pesos corporais, ganhos de pesos médios diários e condição corporal a cada 28 dias. Houve interação entre idades de desmame e ano para peso corporal e ganho de peso. O desmame precoce não influenciou os pesos corporais, embora o peso corporal tenha sido menor aos 147 dias nos animais nascidos em 2005 e 2006. O ganho médio diário entre as idades de desmame foi similar nos três anos no desmame precoce (0,538; 0,477 e 0,472 kg, respectivamente) e aumentou significativamente no desmame convencional com o avançar dos anos (0,516; 0,704 e 1,040 kg, respectivamente). Na pastagem de Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum, o ganho médio diário foi similar entre idades de desmame. O peso no início do período reprodutivo no desmame precoce em 2004 (283,4 kg) foi maior que em 2005 (260,7 kg), enquanto no desmame convencional não houve diferença entre os anos (272,9 e 263,8 kg, respectivamente). A condição corporal no início do período reprodutivo foi afetada pelo ano de observação. A idade da bezerra esteve positivamente correlacionada com os pesos ao desmame convencional (r = 0,510) e ao início do período reprodutivo (r = 0,491). O desmame precoce e o convencional não inviabilizam o acasalamento das novilhas aos 14-/15 meses de idade.
Performance of eventing horses fed high fat diet
Authors: Godoi Fernanda Nascimento de , Almeida Fernando Queiroz de , Migon Eduardo Xavier Ferreira , Almeida Hélio Fernando Moura de , Monteiro Ana Beatriz Fonseca , Santos Tiago Marques dos
Published: March 2010

The objective of this study was to the evaluate physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters of eventing horses fed diets containing soybean oil and submitted to physical effort tests. Twelve horses were used in a completely randomized design with two diets and six replications. The diets used were: diet without soybean oil inclusion (control) and diet with inclusion of 10% soybean oil. The experiment lasted 82 days, with three exercise tests: at the beginning, 60th and 82th day of the experiment. There were five data collections for each test: before the test with the horses at rest, immediately after the test, and at 10, 20 and 120 minutes after each test. Body temperature and rate heart were taken and blood samples were collected to evaluate hematological and biochemical variables.The mean values of the physiological, metalogical and biochemical parameters were submitted to non-parametric analysis.The inclusion of soybean oil only altered the γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and creatinine concentration in function time of intake of the diet. There was effect of trainings time on the horses conditioning that improved with reduction in the lactate concentration while the glucose concentration increased at the last exercise test.
Feed intake and prediction assessments using the NRC, CNCPS and BR-CORTE systems in Nellore and Red Norte steers finished in feedlot
Authors: Machado Neto Otávio Rodrigues , Ladeira Márcio Machado , Gonçalves Tarcisio de Moraes , Lopes Leandro Sâmia , Oliveira Dalton Mendes de , Bassi Marcelo Silva
Published: March 2010

The objective of this research was to evaluate the dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient consumption in Nellore and Red Norte steer finished in a feedlot and compare the actual and predicted values by NRC (2000), CNCPS 5.0 and BR-CORTE systems. Forty-one animals, 19 Nellore and 22 Red Norte steers, with initial live weight of 361 ± 31 kg and 367 ± 30 kg, respectively, were used. The experiment lasted 84 days, with 28 days for adaptation and 56 experimental days. The animals were weighed at the beginning and at end of each 28-day period after 16 hours fasting. The dry matter intake was estimated by LIPE, chrome oxide and indigestible dry matter (DMi) markers. There were no differences between Nellore and Red Norte DMI when expressed in kg/day (10.66 vs. 10.44). When intake was expressed in percentage of live weight (% LW), Nellore steer presented higher intake than Red Norte steer (2.55 vs. 2.39%). All the systems evaluated presented a lower predicted intake than the observed intake. However, these differences were smaller for crossbreed animals.
Psychometric properties of Social Rhythm Metric in regular shift employees
Authors: Schimitt Regina Lopes , Zanetti Talita , Mayer Mayara , Koplin Cristiane , Guarienti Fabiana , Hidalgo Maria Paz
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychometric properties of Brazilian version of Social Rhythm Metric-17 and to present the score algorithm in regular shift employees. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study. The Social Rhythm Metric assess the regularity of daily life associated to changes in biological rhythms. The scale was applied, during nine days, to 145 employees, 27.6 % male and 72.4% female, ages between 18 and 60, mean = 36.1 (sd = 9.87). Mean values were compared using the Student's t-test for independent samples and ANOVA. Factor analysis was performed using principal component analysis; the reliability analysis, through Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: The Student t test didn't reveal any significant difference between sex in IRA (t = 0.60; p = 0.55) or ETA (t = 0.67; p = 0.95). The factor analysis showed three components, the first was associated to survival related activities; the second, related to pleasure and work and the third was related to no essential survive activities. DISCUSSION: This version of the Social Rhythm Metric-17 instrument allows to assess an important human zeitgeber, contributing for other studies which can to evaluate the determinant role of social rhythm. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of social rhythm metric 17 presents validity of content and good test-retest reliability.
O conceito do insight em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo
Authors: Fontenelle Júlia M. , Santana Lívia da S. , Lessa Larissa da R. , Victoria Mara S. da , Mendlowicz Mauro V. , Fontenelle Leonardo F.
Published: March 2010

OBJETIVO: Atualizar os clínicos sobre a existência de um possível subtipo do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo caracterizado por pouco insight. MÉTODO: Revisão opinativa baseada em estudos indexados na base de dados PubMed e PsychINFO, identificados por meio dos unitermos "obsessive-compulsive disorder" e "insight" ou "ego-dystonic" e publicados entre 1966 e outubro de 2009. Os resultados foram examinados de acordo com a estratégia utilizada para abordar o insight, i.e. categórica vs. dimensional. RESULTADOS: Análise dos estudos nos permitiu identificar pontos que colocam em dúvida a existência de um subtipo do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo bem delimitado caracterizado por pouco insight. Estes pontos incluem 1) prevalência extremamente variável do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo com insight reduzido encontrada em estudos categóricos, 2) homogeneidade dos achados fenotípicos (i.e. maior gravidade) associados a baixo insight em estudos categóricos e dimensionais e 3) ausência de estudos que investigam "zonas de raridade" entre as formas de transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo com pouco e bom insight. CONCLUSÃO: Embora uma abordagem categórica do insight no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo seja importante em ambientes clínicos, uma vez que neles existem demandas prementes para tomada de decisões, a abordagem dimensional do insight parece refletir de forma mais fidedigna o fenômeno apresentado pelos pacientes em tela.
Comparison of Two Different Models of Anticoagulation Management Services with Usual Medical Care
Authors: Rudd Kelly M. , Dier John G.
Published: March 2010

Study Objective. To evaluate the safety and economic impact of three models of anticoagulation management services: usual medical care, a nurse‐managed service, and a pharmacist‐managed service.

Design. Retrospective medical record review.

Setting. An eight‐county health care system in central New York State.

Patients. Nine hundred ninety‐six patients (age range 19–99 yrs) who were receiving warfarin therapy for at least 6 months and who had three or more international normalized ratio (INR) values reported during the 1‐year study period; 489 patients (6243 INR values) were in the pharmacist‐managed group, 307 patients (3618 INR values) were in the nurse‐managed group, and 200 patients (3142 INR values) were in the usual care group.

Measurements and Main Results. All INR measurements were performed by the central laboratory or by on‐site point‐of‐care testing. Data were queried from calendar year 2003 for the usual care and nurse‐managed services and calendar year 2006 for the pharmacist‐managed service. Anticoagulation indication, INR goal, baseline characteristics, and rates and costs of hospitalization and emergency department visits directly related to anticoagulation therapy were extracted from the medical record. If the INR goal was not documented, a range was assigned as appropriate from the American College of Chest Physicians anticoagulation guidelines. Markers of anticoagulation control—time in range (percentage of time a patient is maintained within their therapeutic range) and percentage of INR values in range—were calculated for each study group. Baseline characteristics were similar among all study groups. The pharmacist‐managed service yielded the lowest rates of hospitalization and emergency department visits, with hospitalizations reduced by 56% versus nurse‐managed service and 61% versus usual care (p<0.01). Emergency department visits were reduced by 78% in both the nurse‐managed and usual care models (p<0.002). Based on visit rates, the pharmacist‐managed service averted $141,277.34 in hospitalization costs and $10,183.76 in emergency department visit costs versus the nurse‐managed service and $95,579.08 in hospitalization costs and $5511.21 in emergency department costs compared with the usual care model.

Conclusion. Pharmacist‐managed anticoagulation management services reduced the rates of anticoagulation‐related emergency department visits and hospitalizations, with significant financial impact. Based on results of this study, a collaborative clinic using pharmacists, nurses, and physicians may be the optimal structure for an anticoagulation management service, with these results verified in future prospective randomized studies.
Prognostic Factors and Morbidities After Completion Surgery in Patients Undergoing Initial Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Touboul Cyril , Uzan Catherine , Mauguen Audrey , Gouy Sebastien , Rey Annie , Pautier Patricia , Lhommé Catherine , Duvillard Pierre , Haie-Meder Christine , Morice Philippe
Published: March 2010

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Rate the prognostic factors for overall survival in patients undergoing completion surgery after initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for locally advanced cervical cancer.In cervical cancer patients undergoing completion surgery, consider using laparoscopy to decrease the morbidity of the surgery.In cervical cancer patients undergoing completion surgery, use PET-CT imaging to improve detection of para-aortic involvement.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Purpose.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and morbidities of patients undergoing completion surgery for locally advanced-stage cervical cancer after initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT).

Patients and Methods.

Patients fulfilling the following inclusion criteria were studied: stage IB2–IVA cervical carcinoma, tumor initially confined to the pelvic cavity on conventional imaging, pelvic external radiation therapy with delivery of 45 Gy to the pelvic cavity and concomitant chemotherapy (cisplatin, 40 mg/m2 per week) followed by uterovaginal brachytherapy, and completion surgery after the end of radiation therapy including at least a hysterectomy.

Results.

One-hundred fifty patients treated in 1998–2007 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Prognostic factors for overall survival in the multivariate analysis were the presence and level of nodal spread (positive pelvic nodes alone: hazard ratio [HR], 2.03; positive para-aortic nodes: HR, 5.46; p < .001) and the presence and size of residual disease (RD) in the cervix (p = .02). Thirty-seven (25%) patients had 55 postoperative complications. The risk for complications was higher with a radical hysterectomy (p = .04) and the presence of cervical RD (p = .01).

Conclusion.

In this series, the presence and size of RD and histologic nodal involvement were the strongest prognostic factors. Such results suggest that the survival of patients treated using CRT for locally advanced cervical cancer could potentially be enhanced by improving the rate of complete response in the irradiated area (cervix or pelvic nodes) and by initially detecting patients with para-aortic spread so that treatment could be adapted in such patients. The morbidity of completion surgery is high in this context.
Hypomanic Symptoms in Female Undergraduate Students Diagnosed with Unipolar Depression Based on Scores on the Hypomania Checklist
Authors: Richardson Thomas , Garavan Hugh
Published: March 2010

Background:

A number of studies have documented high levels of hypomanic symptoms in those diagnosed with depression, suggesting a potential misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as unipolar depression. Research suggests that undergraduate students have high levels of depression, but whether such misdiagnosis occurs in this population has not been examined. The aim of this study was therefore to examine levels of hypomania in undergraduate students reporting diagnosed depression.

Methods:

An international sample of undergraduate students completed the 32-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32). A cohort was analysed for this study, consisting of female undergraduate students reporting a formal diagnosis of depression (n=28).

Results:

Participants scored high on the HCL-32, with a mean total score of 19.9 (SD=5.4) out of 32. Overall, 85.7% (n=24) scored equal to or above the original cut off point of 14 suggested for bipolar II disorder.

Conclusions:

Two possible conclusions are suggested by this study. Firstly, there are high levels of hypomanic symptoms in undergraduate students diagnosed with depression, suggesting that a formal diagnosis of bipolar disorder should be pursued in those with high scores. Alternatively, the cut-off points previously suggested for the HCL-32 may not be accurate for use with undergraduate students.
Personality Traits in an Italian Sample: Relationship with Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Minelli Alessandra , Pedrini Laura , Magni Laura Rosa , Rotondo Alessandro
Published: March 2010

Personality traits provide a description of individual emotional and cognitive processes that modulate thoughts, feelings and behaviour. Few studies have investigated the relationship of personality traits with depression and anxiety in the general Italian population. The aim of the present study was to replicate previous evidences about the association of personality traits with anxiety and depression in a general Italian population sample.

We recruited 418 volunteers through different sources; such as university, newspaper advertisement, hospital, and elderly association. 327 subjects accepted to participate to the study and were screened with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) in order to assess DSM-IV Axis I disorders and with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in order to measure personality traits.

Based on the assessment made by the MINI, the whole sample consisted of 266 (81%) subjects without and 61 subjects (19%) with life-time DSM-IV Axis I disorders. Volunteers with life-time anxiety and depressive disorders showed high scores in Harm Avoidance as well as low scores in Self-Directedness and in the Novelty Seeking subscale “Exploratory Excitability”.

Our results support previous evidences showing that personality traits, in particular Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness, could represent markers of vulnerability for depression and anxiety disorders.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing of Implantable Neurostimulators Exposed to Metal Detectors
Authors: Seidman Seth J , Kainz Wolfgang , Casamento Jon , Witters Donald
Published: March 2010

This paper presents results of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of three implantable neurostimulators exposed to the magnetic fields emitted from several walk-through and hand-held metal detectors. The motivation behind this testing comes from numerous adverse event reports involving active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) and security systems that have been received by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). EMC testing was performed using three neurostimulators exposed to the emissions from 12 walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs) and 32 hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs). Emission measurements were performed on all HHMDs and WTMDs and summary data is presented. Results from the EMC testing indicate possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) between one of the neurostimulators and one WTMD and indicate that EMI between the three neurostimulators and HHMDs is unlikely. The results suggest that worst case situations for EMC testing are hard to predict and testing all major medical device modes and setting parameters are necessary to understand and characterize the EMC of AIMDs.
Effect of Bio-Oss® Collagen and Collagen Matrix on Bone Formation
Authors: Wong R.W.K , Rabie A.B.M
Published: March 2010

Objective:

to compare the amount of new bone produced by Bio-Oss®Collagen to that produced by collagen matrixin vivo.

Method:

eighteen bone defects, 5mm by 10mm were created in the parietal bone of 9 New Zealand White rabbits. 6 defects were grafted with Bio-Oss®Collagen. 6 defects were grafted with collagen matrix alone (positive control) and 6 were left empty (negative control). Animals were killed on day 14 and the defects were dissected and prepared for histological assessment. Quantitative analysis of new bone formation was made on 100 sections (50 sections for each group) using image analysis.

Results:

A total of 339% more new bone was present in defects grafted with Bio-Oss®Collagen than those grafted with collagen matrix (positive control). No bone was formed in the negative control group.

Conclusion:

Bio-Oss®Collagen has the effect of stimulating new bone formation locally compared with collagen matrixin vivo. Bio-Oss®Collagen may be utilized as a bone graft material.
Unicompartmental Knee Resurfacing: Enlarged Tibio-Femoral Contact Area and Reduced Contact Stress Using Novel Patient-Derived Geometries
Authors: Steklov Nick , Slamin John , Srivastav Sudesh , D’Lima Darryl
Published: March 2010

Advances in imaging technology and computer-assisted design (CAD) have recently enabled the introduction of patient-specific knee implant designs that hold the potential to improve functional performance on the basis of patient-specific geometries, namely a patient-specific sagittal and coronal curvature, as well as enhanced bone preservation. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of a novel implant design utilizing a patient specific sagittal J-curve on the femoral component combined with a novel constant, patient-derived femoral coronal curvature and to assess tibio-femoral contact area and contact stress on a femur matched curved tibial polyethylene insert.

Mean contact area and standard deviations were 81±5, 96±5 and 74±4 mm2 for the heel strike, toe off and mid-stance positions, respectively. Mean contact stress and standard deviations were 23.83±1.39, 23.27±1.14 and 20.78±0.54 MPa for the heel strike, toe off and mid-stance positions, respectively. Standard deviations of the measurements were small, not exceeding 6-7% confirming the consistency of loading conditions across different flexion angles. The results were comparable to those reported for standard, off-the-shelf fixed-bearing implants with paired femoral and tibial geometries. These data show that a constant coronal curvature can be applied to a patient-specific implant by measuring coronal curvatures across the femoral condyle in each patient and by deriving an average curvature. This novel approach combines unique benefits of patient-specific geometry with proven design concepts for minimizing polyethylene wear.
Penetration vs. Shear Wave Velocity for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential in Northeast Arkansas
Authors: Elsayed Ashraf , Pezeshk Shahram
Published: March 2010

Shear wave velocity profiles at 16 bridge sites in Northeast Arkansas (NEA) were determined using a hybrid,
non-invasive technique. These profiles were used to evaluate the liquefaction resistance at the selected sites using the
simplified procedure by Seed and Idriss (Vs approach). The liquefaction resistance was also evaluated using the Standard
Penetration Test (SPT approach) results from the geotechnical investigations at these sites that were conducted by the
Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD). The Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI), as introduced
by Iwasaki, was used to evaluate the severity of liquefaction. The results of both approaches were then compared.
Recommendations were made to AHTD personnel for liquefaction evaluation of future bridge projects based on the
results of this research.
Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Elcatonin Injection for Postmenopausal Women with Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ikegami Shota , Kamimura Mikio , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Nakagawa Hiroyuki , Hashidate Hiroyuki , Takahara Kenji , Takahashi Jun , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: March 2010

Background:

Eel calcitonin (elcatonin) injection is widely used for elderly patients suffering from somatic pain in Japan. However, there have been few reports on the analgesic effects of elcatonin injection. The purpose of this study was to examine the analgesic effects of elcatonin injection in postmenopausal women with lower back pain.

Methods:

This study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-six women aged ≥50 years with acute lower back pain participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups according to whether they received a placebo or a weekly trigger point injection of elcatonin (20 units). They were observed for 5 weeks and the extent of pain at motion and at rest according to the visual analog scale (VAS) was evaluated. The mean VAS scores for the elcatonin group were then compared with those of the placebo group.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences in the mean VAS scores for pain at rest between the two groups during the 5-week treatment course. However, the mean VAS scores for motion pain in the elcatonin group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group at the third, fifth and sixth weeks.

Conclusions:

Elcatonin injection (20 units) significantly relieved motion pain in the lower back in postmenopausal women after three weeks of treatment. This analgesic effect continued for the subsequent 3 weeks.
Dynamic Lumbar Pedicle Screw-Rod Stabilization: Two-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with Fusion
Authors: Ozer Ali Fahir , Crawford Neil R , Sasani Mehdi , Oktenoglu Tunc , Bozkus Hakan , Kaner Tuncay , Aydin Sabri
Published: March 2010

Background:

A lumbar pedicular dynamic stabilization system (LPDSS) is an alternative to fusion for treatment of degenerative disc disease (DDD). In this study, clinical and radiological results of one LPDSS (Saphinaz, Medikon AS, Turkey) were compared with results of rigid fixation after two-year follow-up.

Methods:

All patients had anteroposterior and lateral standing x-rays of the lumbar spine preoperatively and at 3 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery. Lordosis of the lumbar spine, segmental lordosis and ratio of the height of the intervertebral disc spaces (IVS) measured preoperatively and at 3 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery.

All patients underwent MRI and/or CT preoperatively, 3months, 12 months and 24 months postoperatively. The ratio of intervertebral disc space to vertebral body height (IVS) and segmental and lumbar lordosis were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Pain scores were evaluatedviaVisual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:

In both groups, the VAS and ODI scores decreased significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively. There was no difference in the scores between groups except that a lower VAS and ODI scores were observed after 3 months in the LPDSS group. In both groups, the IVS ratio remained unchanged between preoperative and postoperative conditions. The lumbar and segmental lordotic angles decreased insignificantly to preoperative levels in the months following surgery.

Conclusions:

Patients with LPDSS had equivalent relief of pain and maintenance of sagittal balance to patients with standard rigid screw-rod fixation. LPDSS appears to be a good alternative to rigid fixation.
Perforation Rates of Cervical Pedicle Screw Insertion by Disease and Vertebral Level
Authors: Uehara Masashi , Takahashi Jun , Hirabayashi Hiroki , Hashidate Hiroyuki , Ogihara Nobuhide , Mukaiyama Keijiro , Ikegami Shota , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: March 2010

Background:

Different perforation rates for cervical pedicle screws by disease are expected in relation to bone quality and pedicle morphology; however, no report comparing pedicle screw perforation rate by disease had previously been published. This study investigated the perforation rates of pedicle screws inserted to cervical pedicle by disease and vertebral level using a CT-based navigation system.

Materials/Methods:

Fifty-three patients who underwent cervical pedicle screw insertion using CT based navigation system were studied. Diseases included rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (24 cases), destructive spondyloarthropathy (DSA) (10), cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) (9), spine tumor (6), and cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with athetoid cerebral palsy (CP) (4). Screw perforation rates for cervical pedicle screws were studied. Major perforation was defined as perforation 50% of screw diameter or more.

Results:

Major perforation rate by disease from C3 to C7 was as follows: spine tumor (0/24, 0%), RA (2/59, 3.4%), DSA (3/65, 4.6%), CP (2/20, 10.0%), and CSM (6/40, 15.0%). There were no clinically important complications such as vertebra arterial injury, spinal cord injury, or nerve root injury caused by any screw perforation. Major perforation rate by vertebral level was: C2(2/30, 6.7%), C3(4/49, 8.2%), C4(6/43, 14.0%), C5(1/32, 3.1%), C6(1/41, 2.4%), and C7(1/45, 2.2%), showing highest rate for C4, followed by C3.

Conclusions:

Cervical pedicle screw perforation rate by disease was higher in CSM compared to RA and DSA. The perforation rate by vertebral level was higher for C4 and C3, in this order.
Initial Evaluation on Subsidence of Cemented Collarless Polished Tapered Stem Applied to the Patients with Narrow Femoral Medullar Canal
Authors: Dairaku Katsuyuki , Ishii Masaji , Kobayashi Shinji , Kawaji Hiroyuki , Sasaki Kan , Takakubo Yuya , Takagi Michiaki
Published: March 2010

Purpose:

The geometry of the proximal femur is one of the important factors for choosing the suitable stem. We have been applied cemented collarless polished tapered (CPT) stem to the patients with small femur. Radiographic evaluation was performed to access the clinical feature of the stem in early stage of the follow-up.

Methods:

One hundred total hip arthroplasties with CPT system were performed between October 2004 to February 2006. This study focused on the 53 cases to whom size 1 or smaller sized stem were implanted, and its post-operative period was 41 months (30-46 months). Morphologic classification of preoperative proximal femur, stem alignment, thickness of the cement mantle, cementing technique, subsidence of the stem, improvement in the bone-cement interface, and stress shielding were assessed.

Results:

The size of the inserted stem was X-SMALL in one case, SMALL in two cases, SIZE 0 in 12 cases, and SIZE 1 in 38 cases. Canal shape of proximal femur was stovepipe type in five cases, normal type in 43 cases, and champagne-flute type in five cases. There was no subsidence in eight cases. 44 stems subsided within 1 mm, one stem subsided 1 to 2 mm, and no stem subsided over 2 mm. In 39 of 45 cases, subsidence was appeared within six months after operation. Marked progressive and excessive subsidence was not seen after the two years of follow-up.

Conclusions:

Short term radiographic results of THA with CPT stem to small femur were satisfactory with less unfavorable radiographic findings, which imply contribution to longer survivorship of the stem.
Approaches to the Management of Presumed Immediate Hymenoptera Venom Allergy and Non-Detectable IgE
Authors: Mingomataj Ervin Ç. , Bakiri Alketa H.
Published: March 2010

Objective:

To provide a comprehensive evaluation in patients with a convincing history of immediate insect allergy but
negative skin test and/or specific IgE results, adequately addressing the question of how best to manage them.

Data sources:

Observational peer-reviewed studies and case reports were searched on Pub-Med database from 1998 up to
March 2009 using the following keywords: Hymenoptera Allergy & Negative IgE (Negative Skin Tests).

Study selection:

Studies on supplemental diagnostic tests that provided data from patients with immediate hymenoptera allergy but negative conventional tests results to the offending allergens were selected. In this work, we also included studies providing additional relevant information regarding this issue.

Results:

Among 43 identified papers only 9 of them presented relevant original data, while the other papers were reviews. In the majority of the cases, the culprit insect was identified with in vitro tests such as Basophil Activation Test, Cellular Allergen Stimulation Test or Western blot, whereas in vivo (less frequently) with sting challenge or dialyzed venom skin test.

Conclusions:

The management of patients with a convincing history of immediate insect allergy but negative conventional test results requires an adaption of the guidelines including an incorporation of the novel diagnostic tools. Although cellular tests represent equivalent sensitivity and superior specificity as compared with standard ones, these tests still remain supplementary diagnostic tools. In a minority of cases (especially in the developing countries where cellular tests cannot be performed), venom immunotherapy in adult subjects could be taken into account based solemnly on the history of a clear patient’s identification of the culprit insect.
Coordination under the Shadow of Career Concerns
Authors: Koch Alexander K , Morgenstern Albrecht
Published: March 2010

A firm's innovation process requires employees to develop novel ideas and to coordinate with each other to turn the tacit knowledge embodying these ideas into better products and services. Such work outcomes provide signals about employees' abilities to the labor market, and therefore career concerns arise. The effects of career concerns can both be good' (enhancing incentives for effort in developing ideas) and bad' (preventing voluntary coordination). Our model shows how a firm can take these conflicting forces into account through the design of its explicit incentive system and the way it organizes work processes.
Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species by Lovastatin Downregulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Ameliorates Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown in db/db Mice
Authors: Li Jingming , Wang Joshua J. , Yu Qiang , Chen Kai , Mahadev Kalyankar , Zhang Sarah X.
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE

Oxidative stress is a key pathogenic factor in diabetic retinopathy. We previously showed that lovastatin mitigates blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown in db/db mice. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of lovastatin in diabetic retinopathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α; production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and retinal vascular permeability were measured in cultured retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCECs) and in db/db mice treated with lovastatin.

RESULTS

Expressions of Nox4 and VEGF were significantly increased in retinas of db/db mice and reduced by lovastatin treatment. In cultured RCECs, hypoxia and high glucose upregulated mRNA and protein expression of Nox4, ROS generation, and VEGF level. These changes were abrogated by pretreatment with lovastatin or NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride. Overexpression of Nox4 increased basal level of ROS generation, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression in RCECs. In contrast, blockade of Nox4 activity using adenovirus-expressing dominant-negative Nox4 abolished hypoxia- and high-glucose–induced ROS production and VEGF expression. Moreover, inhibition of Nox4 attenuated hypoxia-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and high-glucose–elicited phosphorylation of STAT3. Finally, depletion of Nox4 by adenovirus-delivered Nox4 small interfering RNA significantly decreased retinal NADPH oxidase activity and VEGF expression and reduced retinal vascular premeability in db/db mice.

CONCLUSIONS

Activation of Nox4 plays an important role in high-glucose– and hypoxia-mediated VEGF expression and diabetes-induced BRB breakdown. Inhibition of Nox4, at least in part, contributes to the protective effects of lovastatin in diabetic retinopathy.
Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Impairs Thermogenesis and Potentiates Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice
Authors: Guo Hong , Jin Daozhong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wright Wendy , Bazuine Merlijn , Brockman David A. , Bernlohr David A. , Chen Xiaoli
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE

Lipocalin (LCN) 2 belongs to the lipocalin subfamily of low–molecular mass–secreted proteins that bind small hydrophobic molecules. LCN2 has been recently characterized as an adipose-derived cytokine, and its expression is upregulated in adipose tissue in genetically obese rodents. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of LCN2 in diet-induced insulin resistance and metabolic homeostasis in vivo.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Systemic insulin sensitivity, adaptive thermogenesis, and serum metabolic and lipid profile were assessed in LCN2-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or regular chow diet.

RESULTS

The molecular disruption of LCN2 in mice resulted in significantly potentiated diet-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance. LCN2−/− mice exhibit impaired adaptive thermogenesis and cold intolerance. Gene expression patterns in white and brown adipose tissue, liver, and muscle indicate that LCN2−/− mice have increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity, impaired lipid metabolism, and increased inflammatory state under the HFD condition.

CONCLUSIONS

LCN2 has a novel role in adaptive thermoregulation and diet-induced insulin resistance.
Cost-Effectiveness of Aspirin Use Among Persons With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Ping , Barker Lawrence E. , Hoerger Thomas J.
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE

To assess the long-term cost-effectiveness of aspirin use among adults aged ≥40 years with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used a validated cost-effectiveness model of type 2 diabetes to assess the lifetime health and cost consequences of use or nonuse of aspirin. The model simulates the progression of diabetes and accompanying complications for a cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes. The model predicts the outcomes of type 2 diabetes along five disease paths (nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, coronary heart disease, and stroke) from the time of diagnosis until age 94 years or until death.

RESULTS

Over a lifetime, aspirin users gained 0.31 life-years (LY) or 0.19 quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs) over nonaspirin users, at an incremental cost of $1,700; the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of aspirin use was $5,428 per LY gained or $8,801 per QALY gained. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the ICER was <$30,000 per QALY in all of 2,000 realizations in two scenarios.

CONCLUSIONS

Regular use of aspirin among people with newly diagnosed diabetes is cost-effective.
The Role of Adjunctive Exenatide Therapy in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Raman Vandana S. , Mason Kimberly J. , Rodriguez Luisa M. , Hassan Krishnavathana , Yu Xiaoying , Bomgaars Lisa , Heptulla Rubina A.
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE

Exenatide improves postprandial glycemic excursions in type 2 diabetes. Exenatide could benefit type 1 diabetes as well. We aimed to determine an effective and safe glucose-lowering adjuvant exenatide dose in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Eight subjects completed a three-part double-blinded randomized controlled study of premeal exenatide. Two doses of exenatide (1.25 and 2.5 μg) were compared with insulin monotherapy. Prandial insulin dose was reduced by 20%. Gastric emptying and hormones were analyzed for 300 min postmeal.

RESULTS

Treatment with both doses of exenatide versus insulin monotherapy significantly reduced glucose excursions over 300 min (P < 0.0001). Exenatide administration failed to suppress glucagon but delayed gastric emptying (P < 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Adjunctive exenatide therapy reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This reduction in glucose excursion occurs despite reduction in insulin dose. We suggest that exenatide has therapeutic potential as adjunctive therapy in type 1 diabetes.
Preliminary malacological investigation of the loess profile at Šarengrad, Croatia
Authors: Hupuczi Júlia , Molnár Dávid , Galović Lidija , Sümegi Pál
Published: March 2010

More than 3 400 specimens of 51 mollusc species were identified in a loessy-alluvial section at Šarengrad village in Croatia. This section provides one of the most diverse collections of mollusc species in the lower Danube. The malacological data from this profile suggests that this section developed during the last interglacial-glacial cycle.
Thermo-mechanical modeling of friction stir welding
Authors: Azimzadegan T. , Serajzadeh S.
Published: March 2010

In this paper an integrated model has been utilized to predict thermo-mechanical behavior during friction stir welding of an aluminum alloy. A finite element code, ABAQUS, is employed to solve the governing equations of heat conduction and plastic deformation, while a rigid – viscoplastic material behavior is utilized and effects of different thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are considered in the simulation. To assess the accuracy of the model, predicted results have been compared with experimental data and good agreement has been observed.
Growth and structure of NdGaO3 films prepared by metal–organic deposition
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Guofang , Li Chengshan , Yan Guo , Lu Yafeng
Published: March 2010

We have successfully prepared NdGaO3 films with the (h00) preferred orientation on YSZ(100) single crystalline substrate by metal – organic deposition. The structure and morphology of the NdGaO3 films were investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the crystal orientation of the NdGaO3 films depends on the heat treatment temperature and time. An optimal growth condition for highly textured NdGaO3 films was obtained. The analysis by atomic force microscopy showed that the NdGaO3 films are smooth and pinhole-free. Our results showed that the NdGaO3 films prepared by the low-cost production method of metal – organic deposition could serve as a crystalline substrate with perovskite structure for many kinds of oxide electronic devices.
The relationship between the microstructure and the magnetic properties of nano-scale magnetic particles in a Cu–Fe–Co ternary alloy
Authors: Wada Naoya , Azuma Yoshiharu , Takeda Mahoto , Hiroi Zenji
Published: March 2010

The relationship between the microstructures and the properties of nano-scale Fe–Co magnetic particles formed in a copper alloy was investigated. Several structural aspects and physical properties of Fe–Co precipitates were investigated simultaneously using transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The microstructure and magnetic properties of precipitates comprising both Fe and Co atoms evolved with isothermal annealing at 873 K. We found that the evolution of small coherent precipitates obeys the Ostwald ripening law; however, the coarsening rate of the particles increased after coherent particles transformed into incoherent precipitates. The coercive force varied, correlating with the evolution of precipitates.
The microstructure and magnetic properties of nano-scale Fe magnetic particles precipitated in a Cu–Fe alloy
Authors: Wada Naoya , Takamatsu Kumiko , Takeda Mahoto , Takeguchi Masaki , Blanchin Marie-Gevenieve
Published: March 2010

The evolution of nano-scale Fe particles precipitated in a Cu – Fe alloy has been examined from the viewpoint of the relationship between the microstructure and magnetic properties, using conventional, high-resolution and Lorentz electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. It has been revealed that spherical Fe particles have a tendency to align along the <001> direction in a Cu matrix at the early stage of precipitation. A twin-like structure developed when spherical Fe particles grew to approximately 40 to 60 nm in size. Lorentz microscopy was successfully applied to determine the direction and magnitude of the magnetic momentum of Fe particles.
Heat transfer analysis of special reinforced NSC-columns under severe fire conditions
Authors: Sismanis Panagiotis G.
Published: March 2010

The 3-D heat conduction equation was numerically solved and the temperature distribution inside two special metallic frames, loaded with the proper number of reinforced bars, encased by normal strength concrete in the final columnar form, and subject to intense fire conditions, was computed by time. Typical temperature profiles were applied for the simulation of the cellulosic and hydrocarbon kinds of fire. Heat transfer by radiation and convection was included in the surrounding the column medium under fire, testing various convective heat-transfer coefficients. Computational results were analyzed until the critical time period in which the integrity and the mechanical strength of the column were reversible, considering fire abatement until that time.
Effect of solution heat treatment on the age hardening capacity of dendritic and globular AlSi7Mg0.6 alloys
Authors: Birol Yucel
Published: March 2010

The effect of solution heat treatment on the age hardening capacity of dendritic and globular AlSi7Mg0.6 alloys was investigated in the present work to find out if solution treatment times are in fact shorter for rheocast parts. The morphology of the α-Al matrix, whether dendritic or globular, has no effect on the response of the alloy to T6 treatment. A solution treatment at 540 °C for 2 h suffices to fully solutionize the Mg and Si and the age hardening capacity of the AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy is impaired when it is 1 h or shorter. This is true for both dendritic and globular alloys. The expected favourable impact of the globular structure on the solution treatment times is believed to be offset by the relatively coarser structure in the globular alloy with respect to its dendritic counterpart.