bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the environmental sustainability of rural water management in community self-help group (CSHG) – a case study of Gunungpati district
Authors: Susilowati N , Mahmud A , Latifah L , Susanti A , Sari P N
Published: November 2022

Economic developments and the increasing population have recently led to a rapid increase in the consumption of clean water. The objectives of this study are to analyze the management of available water and develop a model to support the distribution of rural water services. It was a qualitative study with informants from the manager and users of the Community Self-Help Group (CSHG) in Gunungpati District, Semarang. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations, and then processed using the Huberman data analysis technique. Physically, the water supply managed by CSHG was sufficient to fulfill the community needs. Every morning in a month produces more than 1,000 cubic meters of water to distribute to 150 households. Management could meet the water daily needs of the community in the dry and rainy seasons. They also perform intensive maintenance on water pumping machines and checking water capacity to be distributed to the public. The sustainability of the water supply in the CSHG depends on the participation of the community in protecting the environment. Community participation was elaborated from the sociological perspective that the basic elements of social life consisting of structure, culture, and processes in the realm of environmental communities.
Noise Intensity Analysis and Mitigation of Workers Health in home industry Steamed bun Arum Jaya Nusukan
Authors: Rachmawati Siti , Indriyanti Sisca , Apriyanto Muhammad Kukuh , Hanun Zahra , Pramitasari Thalita Aldila , Firmansyah Fathoni , Suryadi Iwan
Published: November 2022

Home Industry has a positive impact on absorbing labor, but is still lacking in supervision. Bakpao Arum Jaya’s home industry is a small-scale industry that uses noise-producing equipment. The purpose of this study is to determine the description of noise intensity when the machine is working during the production process. This research uses the quantitative descriptive method. The data used are primary data from field measurements and secondary data. The measurement points were carried out in the grinding room and steam area. The results showed that the Leq of the milling room was 89.36 dB(A) which exceeded the TLV and the Leq of the steam area was 77.34 dB(A) which did not exceed the TLV. Playing music through speakers can also increase the noise in the work area. In the steam area, if measurements are taken on three steam equipment that is turned on simultaneously, the noise value will be greater than the measurement results and may exceed the allowable TLV. Exposure to noise every day will have an impact on health problems for workers. Forms of mitigation that can be done are administrative mitigation, worker health checks, use of protective equipment, and reducing noise from the source.
Study of Aquifer Distribution Based on Rock Resistivity Data in Warureja Village and Surroundings, Warureja District, Tegal, Central Java
Authors: Santi N , Barala I , Putranto T T
Published: November 2022

The need for clean water in the dry season is often higher because many people would experience drought. The drought occurred in a Central Java area, Tegal, precisely at Warureja Village and its surroundings. The purposes are to determine the aquifer distribution and to provide recommendations for well drilling points. The study used the geo-electricity method of the Schlumberger configuration and field surface observation. Moreover, it used rock resistivity analysis to see how the subsurface conditions are. The relief in this area is wavy with denudational landforms, and the lithology is the alluvium unit, which was resulting from sedimentary deposits. The groundwater flows from south to north, following the morphology. The subsurface conditions consisted of two layers, the clay as the aquiclude and the sand as the aquifer. There are three recommended well drilling points. They are P-1 in Banjar Agung Village with a confined aquifer at a depth of 60 m, P-2 in Warureja Village at a depth of 20 m, and P-3 in Kreman Village with a depth of 18 m. In conclusion, all reserve points, static and dynamic, are sufficient.
Socio-ecological Risk Mitigation in the Construction of the Sicincin-Padang Toll Road, West Sumatra
Authors: Putri Nora Eka , Helmi  , Noer Melinda , Yossyafra
Published: November 2022

Although infrastructure development aims to improve the welfare of the whole society, it poses adverse environmental effects in practice. One of such developments carried out by the Indonesian government is the trans-Sumatra toll road, which created social and environmental problems, particularly on the Sicincin-Padang toll road in West Sumatra. The affected communities in this province lost their homes, agricultural land and livelihoods to lifestyle changes. One of the villages experienced significant flooding due to large water discharge after clearing the land. Therefore, this research aims to explain the mitigation of socio-ecological risks in developing toll road infrastructure in West Sumatra. This research was carried out using the multi-method approach with qualitative and quantitative data analyzed by CATWOE analysis. The results explained that the construction of toll roads in West Sumatra has social and environmental impacts. Social and ecological risk mitigation is carried out by formulating policies through a soft system methodology (SSM) by involving many parties, especially affected communities, in decision-making.
Creating Green Industries through Circular Economy
Authors: Hadi Sudharto P.
Published: November 2022

The role of industrial sector is very important aligned with a program of economic transformation heading to competitive manufacture. However, industrial activities also cause adverse environmental and social impacts such as air and water pollution, odour, vibration, noise, traffic jam, land subsidence, flood, in turn, deteriorating people’s health. One policy to deal with this problem is by encouraging industries to participate on business performance rating on environmental management called proper. To achieve the environmental excellent, companies must adopt life cycle assessment (LCA) and corporate social innovation. This paper observes the companies adopting LCA and practicing circular economy based on LCA. The type of research is a descriptive analysis. The data collection techniques consist of literature review, informal interview with relevant persons and webinar. The study showed that the companies adopting LCA benefit from reducing emission, energy used, the volume of water consumed and the waste being generated, in turn, reducing the cost of production. The benefit of practicing corporate social innovation includes reduction of waste heading to zero waste, consumer’s loyalty and good relation with community. It is recommended for industries to formulate corporate social innovation at the initial stage of the program through social mapping.
Computational analysis in underexpanded jets simulations
Authors: Martins J R , Barbosa J V , Santos F P , Silva L F L R
Published: November 2022

Flammable gases leaks at high pressures are hazardous, especially the free underexpanded jets. Therefore, understanding their behavior is fundamental to guarantee a safe environment. Due to the difficulty to obtain experimental data from free under expanded jets, related to the great speeds and gradients, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an essential tool. Simulations for free underexpanded jets to identify algorithms that better represent this problem were performed in this work. The analysis involved different algorithms for fluid flow solution and a local time stepping approach using both OpenFOAM and ANSYS Fluent CFD packages. Our study concluded that all algorithms and software studied had a satisfactory result compared to experimental data. However, we observed that Fluent had a considerable advantage because the simulation was faster compared with other solvers in OpenFOAM, for instance.
Preparation, AIE and ESIPT behaviour, controllable solid-state fluorescence and application of Co2+ probe based on α-cyanostilbene
Authors: Chen Meihui , Huang Wenheng , Li Yangping , Chen Yongchun , Ji Dan , Zhu Mingguang
Published: November 2022

A simple α-cyanostilbene-functioned salicylaldehyde-based Schiff-base probe, which exhibited outstanding ‘aggregation-induced emission and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (AIE + ESIPT)’ emission in solution, aggregation and solid states, was synthesized in high yield of 87%. Its solid-states with different morphologies emitted different fluorescence after crystallization in EtOH/H2O (1/2, v/v) mixtures or pure EtOH solvent. Besides, it exhibited an obvious spectro-photometrical fluorescence quenching for highly selective sensing of Co2+ in THF/water system (ƒw = 60%, pH = 7.4), accompanied by an intense green fluorescence turn-off behavior under UV365nm illumination. The binding stochiometry between the ligand and Co2+ was found to be 2:1, and the detection limit (DL) was calculated to be 0.41 × 10−8 M. In addition, it could be applied to detect Co2+ in real water samples and on silica gel testing strip.
Note on Green’s functions of non-divergence elliptic operators with continuous coefficients
Authors: Dong Hongjie , Kim Seick , Lee Sungjin
Published: November 2022

We improve a result in Kim and Lee [Ann. Appl. Math. 37 (2021), pp. 111–130], showing that if the coefficients of an elliptic operator in non-divergence form are of Dini mean oscillation, then its Green’s function has the same asymptotic behavior near the pole

x
0

x_0

as that of the corresponding Green’s function for the elliptic equation with constant coefficients frozen at

x
0

x_0

.
Direct observation of the conformational states of formin mDia1 at actin filament barbed ends and along the filament
Authors: Maufront Julien , Guichard Bérengère , Cao Lu-Yan , Cicco Aurélie Di , Jégou Antoine , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume , Bertin Aurélie
Published: November 2022

Using electron microscopy, two conformations of the mDia1 formin FH2 domains were directly identified in interaction with the barbed ends of actin. These conformations agree with the speculated open and closed conformations of the “stair-stepping” model. In addition, single FH2 dimers encircling the core of actin filaments were identified.
rGREAT: an R/bioconductor package for functional enrichment on genomic regions
Authors: Gu Zuguang , Hübschmann Daniel
Published: November 2022

GREAT (Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool) is a widely used tool for functional enrichment on genomic regions. However, as an online tool, it has limitations of outdated annotation data, small numbers of supported organisms and gene set collections, and not being extensible for users. Here, we developed a new R/Bioconductorpackage named rGREAT which implements the GREAT algorithm locally. rGREAT by default supports more than 600 organisms and a large number of gene set collections, as well as self-provided gene sets and organisms from users. Additionally, it implements a general method for dealing with background regions.

Availability and implementation

The package rGREAT is freely available from the Bioconductor project: https://bioconductor.org/packages/rGREAT/. The development version is available at https://github.com/jokergoo/rGREAT. Gene Ontology gene sets for more than 600 organisms retrieved from Ensembl BioMart are presented in an R package BioMartGOGeneSets which is available at https://github.com/jokergoo/BioMartGOGeneSets.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
scFates: a scalable python package for advanced pseudotime and bifurcation analysis from single-cell data
Authors: Faure Louis , Soldatov Ruslan , Kharchenko Peter V , Adameyko Igor
Published: November 2022

scFates provides an extensive toolset for the analysis of dynamic trajectories comprising tree learning, feature association testing, branch differential expression and with a focus on cell biasing and fate splits at the level of bifurcations. It is meant to be fully integrated into the scanpy ecosystem for seamless analysis of trajectories from single-cell data of various modalities (e.g. RNA and ATAC).

Availability and implementation

scFates is released as open-source software under the BSD 3-Clause ‘New’ License and is available from the Python Package Index at https://pypi.org/project/scFates/. The source code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/LouisFaure/scFates/. Code reproduction and tutorials on published datasets are available on GitHub at https://github.com/LouisFaure/scFates_notebooks.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A close-up on the expanding landscape of CD21–/low B cells in humans
Authors: Gjertsson Inger , McGrath Sarah , Grimstad Kristoffer , Jonsson Charlotte A , Camponeschi Alessandro , Thorarinsdottir Katrin , Mårtensson Inga-Lill
Published: November 2022

Memory B cells (MBCs) are an essential part of our immunological memory. They respond fast upon re-encountering pathogens and can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete protective antibodies. The focus of this review is on MBCs that lack, or express low levels of, CD21, hereafter referred to as CD21–/low. These cells are expanded in peripheral blood with age and during chronic inflammatory conditions such as viral infections, malaria, common variable immunodeficiency, and autoimmune diseases. CD21–/low MBCs have gained significant attention; they produce disease-specific antibodies/autoantibodies and associate with key disease manifestations in some conditions. These cells can be divided into subsets based on classical B-cell and other markers, e.g. CD11c, FcRL4, and Tbet which, over the years, have become hallmarks to identify these cells. This has resulted in different names including age-associated, autoimmune-associated, atypical, tissue-like, tissue-resident, tissue-restricted, exhausted, or simply CD21–/low B cells. It is however unclear whether the expanded ‘CD21–/low’ cells in one condition are equivalent to those in another, whether they express an identical gene signature and whether they have a similar function. Here, we will discuss these issues with the goal to understand whether the CD21–/low B cells are comparable in different conditions.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care Continuum Outcomes After Transition to Adult Care Among a Prospective Cohort of Youth With HIV in Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Hussen Sophia A , Doraivelu Kamini , Goldstein Madeleine H , Shenvi Neeta , Easley Kirk A , Zanoni Brian C , Camacho-González Andrés , del Río Carlos
Published: November 2022

Background

Healthcare transition from pediatric to adult-oriented clinical settings is often viewed as a high-risk time for care disengagement. However, there is a paucity of prospective, longitudinal research documenting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care outcomes after healthcare transition.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of healthcare transition among youth enrolled at an HIV care center in Atlanta, Georgia. Pediatric clinic patients (average age, 24 years) were enrolled up to 3 months before the expected transition and were followed up to determine linkage, retention, and viral suppression in adult care through electronic medical record abstractions at the baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results

The majority of our cohort (n = 70) was male (88.6%) and black (92.9%) and acquired HIV horizontally (80%). Most of our cohort was linked to adult care by 12 months (84%) after enrollment. Of those who linked to adult care by 12 months, retention rates were 86% (95% confidence interval, 78%–94%) at 6 months, 76% (66%–86%) at 12 months, and 66% (55%–78%) at 18 and 24 months. Once in adult care, the proportion with viral suppression was stable (73% at baseline and 74%, 77%, 67%, and 78% at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively).

Conclusions

Although most youth successfully linked to adult care, retention rates decreased over the 24-month follow-up period. Rates of viral suppression were stable for those who remained in care. Strategies to support retention in adult care will be critical to optimizing this transition for youth with HIV.
Endoscopic Recurrence or Anastomotic Wound Healing Phenomenon after Ileocolic Resection for Crohn’s Disease: The Challenges of Accurate Endoscopic Scoring
Authors: van der Does de Willebois Eline M L , Duijvestein Marjolijn , Wasmann Karin A , D’Haens Geert R A M , van der Bilt Jarmila D W , Mundt Marco W , Hompes Roel , van der Vlugt Manon , Buskens Christianne J , Bemelman Willem A
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

Adequate endoscopic scoring in Crohn’s disease [CD] is crucial, as it dictates the need for initiating postoperative medical therapy and is utilized as an outcome parameter in clinical trials. Here we aimed to observe anastomotic wound healing in relation to endoscopic scoring of both inverted and everted stapled lines in side-to-side anastomoses.

Methods

Two prospective patient cohorts were included: ileocolic resection [ICR] for CD, and right-sided colon resection for colorectal cancer [CRC]. Videos taken during colonoscopy 6 months postoperatively were evaluated. The Simplified Endoscopic Activity Score for Crohn’s Disease and modified Rutgeerts score were determined. The primary outcome was the presence of ulcerations in CD patients on both the inverted and the everted stapled lines. Secondary outcomes were the presence of anastomotic ulcerations in CRC patients and the number of cases having ulcerations exclusively at the inverted stapled line.

Results

Of the 82 patients included in the CD cohort, ulcerations were present in 63/82 [76.8%] at the inverted- vs 1/71 [1.4%] at the everted stapled line. Likewise in the CRC cohort, ulcerations were present in 4/6 [67.7%] at the inverted vs 0/6 [0%] at the everted stapled line. In total, 27% of the 63 patients in the CD cohort had ulcerations exclusively on the inverted stapled line.

Conclusion

Inverted stapled lines heal with ulcerations, whereas everted stapled lines heal without any ulcerations, in both CD and non-CD patients. The abnormalities at the inverted stapled line might interfere with endoscopic scoring of recurrence, with potentially an impact on patients’ quality of life and on healthcare costs if postoperative treatment is initiated incorrectly.
Long-term outcomes of mini-sternotomy versus conventional sternotomy for aortic valve replacement: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Telyuk Pyotr , Hancock Helen , Maier Rebecca , Batty Jonathan A , Goodwin Andrew , Owens W Andrew , Ogundimu Emmanuel , Akowuah Enoch
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis is one of the most common cardiac surgical procedures with excellent long-term outcomes. Multiple previous studies have compared short-term outcomes of AVR with mini-sternotomy versus AVR with conventional sternotomy. We have previously reported the results of the randomized MAVRIC trial, which aimed to evaluate early postoperative morbidity among patients undergoing mini-sternotomy and conventional sternotomy AVR. We now report the long-term all-cause mortality, reoperation, MACE outcomes and echocardiographic data from this trial.

METHODS

The prospective, randomized, single-centre, single-blind MAVRIC (manubrium-limited mini-sternotomy versus conventional sternotomy for aortic valve replacement) trial compared manubrium-limited mini-sternotomy and conventional median sternotomy for the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis. The previously reported primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving red cell transfusion postoperatively and within 7 days of the index procedure. Currently reported exploratory analyses of a combined long-term all-cause mortality and reoperation were compared between groups via the log-rank test. Sensitivity analyses reviewed individual components of the combined end point. The primary analysis and long-term exploratory analyses were based on an intention-to-treat principle.

RESULTS

Between March 2014 and June 2016, 270 patients were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 fashion to undergo mini-sternotomy AVR (n = 135) or conventional median sternotomy AVR (n = 135). At the median follow-up of 6.1 years, the composite outcome of all-cause mortality and reoperation occurred in 18.5% (25/135) of patients in the conventional sternotomy group and in 17% (23/135) of patients in the mini-sternotomy group. The incidence of chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction was not significantly different between 2 groups. Follow-up echocardiographic data suggested no difference in peak and mean gradients or incidence of aortic regurgitation between 2 approaches.

CONCLUSIONS

This exploratory long-term analysis demonstrated that, in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing isolated AVR, there was no significant difference between manubrium-limited mini-sternotomy and conventional sternotomy with respect to all-cause mortality, rate of reoperation, MACE events and echocardiographic data at the median of 6.1-year follow-up.
Bone morphogenetic protein 10: a novel risk marker of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hijazi Ziad , Benz Alexander P , Lindbäck Johan , Alexander John H , Connolly Stuart J , Eikelboom John W , Granger Christopher B , Kastner Peter , Lopes Renato D , Ziegler André , Oldgren Jonas , Siegbahn Agneta , Wallentin Lars
Published: November 2022

Aims

Biomarkers specifically related to atrial tissue may increase the understanding of the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) and further improve risk prediction in this setting. Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is a protein expressed in the atrial myocardium. We evaluated the association between BMP10 and the risk of ischaemic stroke and other cardiovascular events in large cohorts of patients with AF, treated with and without oral anticoagulation (OAC).

Methods and results

BMP10 was measured in plasma samples collected at randomisation in patients with AF without OAC in the ACTIVE A and AVERROES trials (n = 2974), and with OAC in the ARISTOTLE trial (n = 13 079). BMP10 was analysed with a prototype Elecsys immunoassay. Associations with outcomes were evaluated by Cox-regression models adjusted for clinical characteristics, kidney function, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Median concentrations of BMP10 were 2.47 and 2.44 ng/mL, in the non-OAC and OAC cohort, respectively. Increasing BMP10 was associated with lower body mass index, older age, female sex, kidney dysfunction, and AF rhythm. BMP10 was consistently associated with ischaemic stroke. In the non-OAC cohort, BMP10 increased the concordance index of the multivariable model from 0.713 to 0.733 (P = 0.004) and in the OAC cohort from 0.673 to 0.694 (P < 0.001). Additionally, BMP10 maintained a significant prognostic value after additionally adjusting for NT-proBNP. BMP10 was not independently associated with bleeding or with death.

Conclusion

The novel atrial biomarker BMP10 was independently associated with ischaemic stroke in patients with AF irrespective of OAC treatment. BMP10 seems to be more specifically related to the risk of ischaemic stroke in AF.

One-sentence Summary

In this study, BMP10 may be a novel specific biomarker of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, irrespective of oral anticoagulation.
Different calcification patterns of tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves and their clinical impact
Authors: Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Nägele Felix , Engler Clemens , Stoessel Leon , Zellmer Berit , Graber Michael , Hirsch Jakob , Pölzl Leo , Ruttmann Elfriede , Tancevski Ivan , Tiller Christina , Barbieri Fabian , Stastny Lukas , Reinstadler Sebastian J , Oezpeker Ulvi Cenk , Semsroth Severin , Bonaros Nikolaos , Grimm Michael , Feuchtner Gudrun , Holfeld Johannes
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES

Mechanical strain plays a major role in the development of aortic calcification. We hypothesized that (i) valvular calcifications are most pronounced at the localizations subjected to the highest mechanical strain and (ii) calcification patterns are different in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves.

METHODS

Multislice computed tomography scans of 101 patients with severe aortic stenosis were analysed using a 3-dimensional post-processing software to quantify calcification of tricuspid aortic valves (n = 51) and bicuspid aortic valves (n = 50) after matching.

RESULTS

Bicuspid aortic valves exhibited higher calcification volumes and increased calcification of the non-coronary cusp with significantly higher calcification of the free leaflet edge. The non-coronary cusp showed the highest calcium load compared to the other leaflets. Patients with annular calcification above the median had an impaired survival compared to patients with low annular calcification, whereas patients with calcification of the free leaflet edge above the median did not (P = 0.53).

CONCLUSIONS

Calcification patterns are different in patients with aortic stenosis with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves. Patients with high annular calcification might have an impaired prognosis.
On Fourier Coefficients and Hecke Eigenvalues of Siegel Cusp Forms of Degree 2
Authors: Paul Biplab , Saha Abhishek
Published: November 2022

We investigate some key analytic properties of Fourier coefficients and Hecke eigenvalues attached to scalar-valued Siegel cusp forms $F$ of degree 2, weight $k,$ and level $N$. First, assuming that $F$ is a Hecke eigenform that is not of Saito–Kurokawa type, we prove an improved bound in the $k$-aspect for the smallest prime at which its Hecke eigenvalue is negative. Secondly, we show that there are infinitely many sign changes among the Hecke eigenvalues of $F$ at primes lying in an arithmetic progression. Third, we show that there are infinitely many positive as well as infinitely many negative Fourier coefficients in any “radial” sequence comprising of prime multiples of a fixed fundamental matrix. Finally, we consider the case when $F$ is of Saito–Kurokawa type, and in this case we prove the (essentially sharp) bound $| a(T) | ~\ll _{F, \epsilon }~ \big ( \det T \big )^{\frac {k-1}{2}+\epsilon }$ for the Fourier coefficients of $F$ whenever $\gcd (4 \det (T), N)$ is squarefree, confirming a conjecture made (in the case $N=1$) by Das and Kohnen.
Wave Function for GL(n,ℝ) Hyperbolic Sutherland Model II. Dual Hamiltonians
Authors: Kharchev S , Khoroshkin S
Published: November 2022

Recently, we found Mellin–Barnes integrals, representing the wave function for $GL(n,{\mathbb {R}})$ hyperbolic Sutherland model. In present paper, we establish bispectral properties of this wave function with respect to dual Ruijesenaars–Macdonald operators.
Short Communication: changes in gait after 12 wk of shoeing in previously barefoot horses
Authors: Panos Katelyn E , Morgan Kristin , Gately Rachael , Wilkinson Julia , Uden Alexandra , Reed Sarah A
Published: November 2022

Farriery can impact gait symmetry and lameness outcomes, but there is limited scientific data documenting these effects. We hypothesized that shoeing previously barefoot horses with plain stamp shoes on the hind hooves would increase gait symmetry, alter hock angles and increase range of motion, and improve lameness scores more than shoeing with traditional fullered shoes. At the start of the study, gait symmetry via wireless inertial motion sensors (IMS), kinematic gait analysis (hock angle and range of motion), and American Association for Equine Practitioner’s (AAEP) lameness scoring were completed for 14 barefoot horses. Horses were then trimmed and hind hooves were shod (wk 0) in three-quarter fullered shoes or plain stamp style shoes. Horses were trimmed and re-shod at week 6. At the end of 12 wk, the IMS analysis, kinematic gait analysis, and lameness scoring were repeated. Differences between shod and barefoot values were calculated for each horse, and impact of shoe type was analyzed via t-test. Significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. No differences were observed in the IMS scores, hock angles or range of motion, or AAEP lameness scores between horses shod in fullered or plain stamp shoes (P ≥ 0.08). As no variables were determined to be significantly different between the two shoe types, data from all horses were combined to analyze the differences between the barefoot and shod state. Shoeing increased the maximum angle of the right and left hocks (P ≤ 0.03) and the minimum angle of the left (P = 0.02) but not right hock (P = 0.23) relative to barefoot conditions. No differences in hock range of motion were observed in either hock. Lower AAEP lameness scores were observed in horses when shod compared with barefoot (P = 0.001). In conclusion, shoeing previously barefoot horses improved AAEP lameness scores and increased hock angles, regardless of the type of shoe.
Susceptibilities of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations From the Mississippi Delta to a Diamide Insecticide
Authors: Allen K C , Little N S , Perera O P
Published: November 2022

The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a major pest of row crops in the Southern United States. Control of this insect is dependent on preventative insecticidal transgenic crops and synthetic insecticide applications when damaging populations are encountered in the field. Recently, the use of chemicals from the diamide class of insecticides, particularly chlorantraniliprole, has been used to control unacceptable populations. Due to the increased importance of this active ingredient for control of corn earworms, populations of this insect from the Mississippi Delta have been monitored for susceptibilities annually since 2016. Overall, 58 populations of H. zea were examined for their susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole through diet-incorporated bioassays from 2016 to 2021. Based on probit analysis, there was only a 4-fold difference between the highest and lowest LC50 estimates for all populations tested. Through weights of 2nd and 3rd instar larvae, there appears to be a substantial fitness cost associated with surviving caterpillars that fed on various concentrations of chlorantraniliprole in bioassays, which is not captured through the yes or no response of typical survival analysis. Overall, there was not a detectable trend of reduced susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole over the course of the six-year study.
The historic mineralogical instruments collection of the Real Museo Mineralogico, University of Naples Federico II: meaning and value
Authors: Petti Carmela , Cappelletti Piergiulio , Pellino Annamaria
Published: November 2022

The Real Museo Mineralogico of the University of Naples Federico II was established in 1801 by Ferdinando IV of Bourbon and his queen, Maria Carolina. Their aim was to create a centre for minerals research and education. The museum at present preserves over 50,000 objects, mainly minerals, but also books, teaching models and instruments. The last of these form a little-known collection of considerable scientific and historical value. Historical studies of the instruments collection are based on extensive archival research conducted on documents and ancient catalogues of the museum and the Archivio di Stato in Naples. This study describes the main instruments, detailing their date of acquisition, typology and use. Its goal is to provide a testimony to the contribution of the Real Museo Mineralogico to the development of the science of mineralogy in Naples, and at the same time to extend, by means of new data (suppliers, acquisition methods, price), the catalogue of the instruments collection.
Topical Review: Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: What Is the Role of Peer Support?
Authors: Helgeson Vicki S , Berg Cynthia A , Raymaekers Koen
Published: November 2022

The literature on the role of peer support for psychological well-being and disease management among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mixed. In this topical review, we use self-determination theory (SDT) as a framework to understand the conditions under which peer support is helpful or unhelpful regarding psychological well-being and diabetes management. We briefly review the literature to support our claim that existing research on peer support is inconsistent. A primary reason for the inconsistency is that previous work largely focuses on diabetes instrumental and informational support from peers, which have the potential to threaten SDT needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Instrumental and informational support may set youth with T1D apart from peers at a time when fitting in with peers is crucial. Instead, we argue that emotional support from and companionship with peers best meet the SDT need of relatedness while not posing direct threats to autonomy or competence. We also note that some youth have extremely high needs for relatedness such that they prioritize connecting with peers over diabetes management. We conclude by calling for more research to adopt a SDT theory approach to examine the role of peer support in the lives of youth with T1D and for health care professionals to expand their focus from the specifics of diabetes to the broader social context.
Space tourism needs a bioethical reboot
Authors: de Araújo Antonio Fábio Medrado , Lins-Kusterer Liliane Elze Falcão , Netto Eduardo Martins
Published: November 2022

Space tourism includes a medical ‘module’, which studies physiopsychic variables of these ‘tourists’. Therefore, before sub-orbiting the Earth, this type of space travel should orbit the ethical safeguards of research. Such a premise has, as far as Sub-orbital Space Tourism is concerned, three domains: subject bioethics, social bioethics, and eco-bioethics.
The secreted immune response peptide 1 functions as a phytocytokine in rice immunity
Authors: Wang Pingyu , Jia Huimin , Guo Ting , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Wanqing , Nishimura Hideki , Li Zhengguo , Kawano Yoji
Published: November 2022

Small signalling peptides play important roles in various plant processes, but information regarding their involvement in plant immunity is limited. We previously identified a novel small secreted protein in rice, called immune response peptide 1 (IRP1). Here, we studied the function of IRP1 in rice immunity. Rice plants overexpressing IRP1 enhanced resistance to the virulent rice blast fungus. Application of synthetic IRP1 to rice suspension cells triggered the expression of IRP1 itself and the defence gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PAL1). RNA-seq results revealed that 84% of genes up-regulated by IRP1, including 13 OsWRKY transcription factors, were also induced by a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP), chitin, indicating that IRP1 and chitin share a similar signalling pathway. Co-treatment with chitin and IRP1 elevated the expression level of PAL1 and OsWRKYs in an additive manner. The increased chitin concentration arrested the induction of IRP1 and PAL1 expression by IRP1, but did not affect IRP1-triggered mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation. Collectively, our findings indicate that IRP1 functions as a phytocytokine in rice immunity regulating MAPKs and OsWRKYs that can amplify chitin and other signalling pathways, and provide new insights into how MAMPs and phytocytokines cooperatively regulate rice immunity.
White dwarf binaries suggest a common envelope efficiency α ∼ 1/3
Authors: Scherbak Peter , Fuller Jim
Published: November 2022

Common envelope (CE) evolution, which is crucial in creating short-period binaries and associated astrophysical events, can be constrained by reverse modelling of such binaries’ formation histories. Through analysis of a sample of well-constrained white dwarf (WD) binaries with low-mass primaries (seven eclipsing double WDs, two non-eclipsing double WDs, one WD-brown dwarf), we estimate the CE energy efficiency αCE needed to unbind the hydrogen envelope. We use grids of He- and CO-core WD models to determine the masses and cooling ages that match each primary WD’s radius and temperature. Assuming gravitational wave-driven orbital decay, we then calculate the associated ranges in post-CE orbital period. By mapping WD models to a grid of red giant progenitor stars, we determine the total envelope binding energies and possible orbital periods at the point CE evolution is initiated, thereby constraining αCE. Assuming He-core WDs with progenitors of 0.9–2.0 M⊙, we find αCE ∼ 0.2–0.4 is consistent with each system we model. Significantly higher values of αCE are required for higher mass progenitors and for CO-core WDs, so these scenarios are deemed unlikely. Our values are mostly consistent with previous studies of post-CE WD binaries, and they suggest a nearly constant and low envelope ejection efficiency for CE events that produce He-core WDs.
The volumetric extended-Schmidt law: a unity slope
Authors: Du Kaiyi , Shi Yong , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Gu Qiusheng , Wang Tao , Wang Junzhi , Li Xin , Zhai Sai
Published: November 2022

We investigate the extended-Schmidt (ES) law in volume densities (ρSFR ∝ $(\rho _{\rm gas}\rho _{\rm star}^{0.5})^{\alpha ^{\rm VES}}$) for spatially resolved regions in spiral, dwarf, and ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs), and compare to the volumetric Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) law (ρSFR ∝ $\rho _{\rm gas}^{\alpha ^{\rm VKS}}$). We first characterize these star formation laws in individual galaxies using a sample of 11 spirals, finding median slopes αVES = 0.98 and αVKS = 1.42, with a galaxy-to-galaxy rms fluctuation that is substantially smaller for the volumetric ES law (0.18 versus 0.41). By combining all regions in spirals with those in additional 13 dwarfs and one UDG into one single data set, it is found that the rms scatter of the volumetric ES law at given x-axis is 0.25 dex, which is also smaller than that of the volumetric KS law (0.34 dex). At the extremely low gas density regime as offered by the UDG, the volumetric KS law breaks down but the volumetric ES law still holds. On the other hand, as compared to the surface density ES law, the volumetric ES law instead has a slightly larger rms scatter, consistent with the scenario that the ES law has an intrinsic slope of αVES ≡1 but the additional observational error of the scale height increases the uncertainty of the volume density. The unity slope of the ES law implies that the star formation efficiency (= ρSFR/ρgas) is regulated by the quantity that is related to the $\rho _{\rm star}^{0.5}$.
Field-based physical inference from peculiar velocity tracers
Authors: Prideaux-Ghee James , Leclercq Florent , Lavaux Guilhem , Heavens Alan , Jasche Jens
Published: November 2022

We present a proof-of-concept Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach to reconstruct the initial cosmic matter density field constrained by peculiar velocity observations. Using a model for the gravitational evolution of dark matter to connect the initial conditions to late-time observations, it reconstructs the late-time density and velocity fields as natural byproducts. We implement this field-based physical inference approach by adapting the Bayesian Origin Reconstruction from Galaxies ($\small {\rm BORG}$) algorithm, which explores the high-dimensional posterior through the use of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling. We test the self-consistency of the method using random sets of tracers, and assess its accuracy in a more complex scenario where peculiar velocity tracers are mock haloes drawn from $\small {\rm GADGET2}$ N-body simulations. We find that our framework self-consistently infers the initial conditions, density and velocity fields, and shows some robustness to model mis-specification. Compared with the approach of constrained Gaussian random fields/Wiener filtering, the hierarchical model produces more accurate final density and velocity field reconstructions. It also allows us to constrain the initial conditions by peculiar velocity observations, complementing in this aspect other field-based approaches based on alternative cosmological observables such as galaxy clustering or weak lensing.
Engineered multiple translation initiation sites: a novel tool to enhance protein production in Bacillus licheniformis and other industrially relevant bacteria
Authors: Zhang Manyu , Song Jing , Xiao Jun , Jin Jingjie , Nomura Christopher T , Chen Shouwen , Wang Qin
Published: November 2022

Gram-positive bacteria are a nascent platform for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering that can provide new opportunities for the production of biomolecules. However, the lack of standardized methods and genetic parts is a major obstacle towards attaining the acceptance and widespread use of Gram-positive bacterial chassis for industrial bioproduction. In this study, we have engineered a novel mRNA leader sequence containing more than one ribosomal binding site (RBS) which could initiate translation from multiple sites, vastly enhancing the translation efficiency of the Gram-positive industrial strain Bacillus licheniformis. This is the first report elucidating the impact of more than one RBS to initiate translation and enhance protein output in B. licheniformis. We also explored the application of more than one RBS for both intracellular and extracellular protein production in B. licheniformis to demonstrate its efficiency, consistency and potential for biotechnological applications. Moreover, we applied these concepts for use in other industrially relevant Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In all, a highly efficient and robust broad-host expression element has been designed to strengthen and fine-tune the protein outputs for the use of bioproduction in microbial cell factories.
Interactions of small molecules with DNA junctions
Authors: McQuaid Kane T , Pipier Angélique , Cardin Christine J , Monchaud David
Published: November 2022

The four natural DNA bases (A, T, G and C) associate in base pairs (A=T and G≡C), allowing the attached DNA strands to assemble into the canonical double helix of DNA (or duplex-DNA, also known as B-DNA). The intrinsic supramolecular properties of nucleobases make other associations possible (such as base triplets or quartets), which thus translates into a diversity of DNA structures beyond B-DNA. To date, the alphabet of DNA structures is ripe with approximately 20 letters (from A- to Z-DNA); however, only a few of them are being considered as key players in cell biology and, by extension, valuable targets for chemical biology intervention. In the present review, we summarise what is known about alternative DNA structures (what are they? When, where and how do they fold?) and proceed to discuss further about those considered nowadays as valuable therapeutic targets. We discuss in more detail the molecular tools (ligands) that have been recently developed to target these structures, particularly the three- and four-way DNA junctions, in order to intervene in the biological processes where they are involved. This new and stimulating chemical biology playground allows for devising innovative strategies to fight against genetic diseases.
MEGARes and AMR++, v3.0: an updated comprehensive database of antimicrobial resistance determinants and an improved software pipeline for classification using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Bonin Nathalie , Doster Enrique , Worley Hannah , Pinnell Lee J , Bravo Jonathan E , Ferm Peter , Marini Simone , Prosperi Mattia , Noyes Noelle , Morley Paul S , Boucher Christina
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a critical threat to public health, and genomic/metagenomic investigations featuring high-throughput analysis of sequence data are increasingly common and important. We previously introduced MEGARes, a comprehensive AMR database with an acyclic hierarchical annotation structure that facilitates high-throughput computational analysis, as well as AMR++, a customized bioinformatic pipeline specifically designed to use MEGARes in high-throughput analysis for characterizing AMR genes (ARGs) in metagenomic sequence data. Here, we present MEGARes v3.0, a comprehensive database of published ARG sequences for antimicrobial drugs, biocides, and metals, and AMR++ v3.0, an update to our customized bioinformatic pipeline for high-throughput analysis of metagenomic data (available at MEGLab.org). Database annotations have been expanded to include information regarding specific genomic locations for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and/or deletions (indels) when required by specific ARGs for resistance expression, and the updated AMR++ pipeline uses this information to check for presence of resistance-conferring genetic variants in metagenomic sequenced reads. This new information encompasses 337 ARGs, whose resistance-conferring variants could not previously be confirmed in such a manner. In MEGARes 3.0, the nodes of the acyclic hierarchical ontology include 4 antimicrobial compound types, 59 resistance classes, 233 mechanisms and 1448 gene groups that classify the 8733 accessions.
The IMG/M data management and analysis system v.7: content updates and new features
Authors: Chen I-Min A , Chu Ken , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Ratner Anna , Huang Jinghua , Huntemann Marcel , Hajek Patrick , Ritter Stephan J , Webb Cody , Wu Dongying , Varghese Neha J , Reddy T B K , Mukherjee Supratim , Ovchinnikova Galina , Nolan Matt , Seshadri Rekha , Roux Simon , Visel Axel , Woyke Tanja , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A , Kyrpides Nikos C , Ivanova Natalia N
Published: November 2022

The Integrated Microbial Genomes & Microbiomes system (IMG/M: https://img.jgi.doe.gov/m/) at the Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI) continues to provide support for users to perform comparative analysis of isolate and single cell genomes, metagenomes, and metatranscriptomes. In addition to datasets produced by the JGI, IMG v.7 also includes datasets imported from public sources such as NCBI Genbank, SRA, and the DOE National Microbiome Data Collaborative (NMDC), or submitted by external users. In the past couple years, we have continued our effort to help the user community by improving the annotation pipeline, upgrading the contents with new reference database versions, and adding new analysis functionalities such as advanced scaffold search, Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) for high-quality metagenome bins, new cassette search, improved gene neighborhood display, and improvements to metatranscriptome data display and analysis. We also extended the collaboration and integration efforts with other DOE-funded projects such as NMDC and DOE Biology Knowledgebase (KBase).
High-entropy metal oxide containing hybrid electrolyte for long-life Li-metal batteries
Authors: Li Mingsheng , Wang Liqi , Shi Yongzheng , Zhang Jikai , Zhu Qi , Shang Jiaxiang , Li Bin , Yang Shubin
Published: November 2022

Solid-state electrolytes are responsible for transporting lithium (Li) ions between electrodes in solid-state batteries and are essential for high-safety and high-energy Li-metal batteries. Developing novel solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and good interfacial contact is an urgent need. Here, to this end, a solid-state hybrid electrolyte is developed by mixing high-entropy Li-containing metal oxide (Lix(Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)1−xO, HEOLi) matrix and poly(ethylene oxide)–Li salt binder and casting on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate. By virtue of the low Li-ion migration energy barrier of the HEOLi (0.36 eV) and the strong interaction between the oxygen vacancies of the HEOLi and the Li salt anions, a biphasic transport of Li ions in both inorganic and polymeric phases of the hybrid electrolyte is achieved, yielding a high ionic conductivity of 3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30°C. The Li/Li symmetric cells with the hybrid electrolyte show a low overpotential of 45 mV and a long cycle life of more than 2500 h. Furthermore, coupled with the LiFePO4 cathodes and metallic Li anodes, solid-state full cells with the hybrid electrolyte deliver a high capacity of 150 mAh g−1, stable cycle performance and high safety. Consequently, hybrid electrolytes based on high-entropy metal oxides have broad application prospects in solid-state electrochemical energy storage and are expected to achieve Li-metal batteries with high-safety, high-energy density and long life.