bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to Neutralization by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Generally Correlates with Infected Cell Binding for a Panel of Clade B HIV Reactivated from Latent Reservoirs
Authors: Ren Yanqin , Korom Maria , Truong Ronald , Chan Dora , Huang Szu-Han , Kovacs Colin C. , Benko Erika , Safrit Jeffrey T. , Lee John , Garbán Hermes , Apps Richard , Goldstein Harris , Lynch Rebecca M. , Jones R. Brad
Published: September 2018

Although antiretroviral therapies have improved the lives of people who are living with HIV, they do not cure infection. Efforts are being directed towards harnessing the immune system to eliminate the virus that persists, potentially resulting in virus-free remission without medication. HIV-specific antibodies hold promise for such therapies owing to their ability to both prevent the infection of new cells (neutralization) and direct the killing of infected cells. We isolated 36 HIV strains from individuals whose virus was suppressed by medication and tested 14 different antibodies for neutralization of these viruses and for binding to cells infected with the same viruses (critical for engaging natural killer cells). For both neutralization and infected cell binding, we observed variation both between individuals and amongst different viruses within an individual. For most antibodies, neutralization activity correlated with infected cell binding. These data provide guidance on the selection of antibodies for clinical trials.
HOIL1 Is Essential for the Induction of Type I and III Interferons by MDA5 and Regulates Persistent Murine Norovirus Infection
Authors: MacDuff Donna A. , Baldridge Megan T. , Qaqish Arwa M. , Nice Timothy J. , Darbandi Azad D. , Hartley Victoria L. , Peterson Stefan T. , Miner Jonathan J. , Iwai Kazuhiro , Virgin Herbert W.
Published: September 2018

Human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis throughout the world but are challenging to study
in vivo
and
in vitro
. Murine norovirus (MNoV) provides a tractable genetic and small-animal model to study norovirus biology and immune responses. Interferons are critical mediators of antiviral immunity, but excessive expression can dysregulate the immune system. IFN-λ plays an important role at mucosal surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract, and both IFN-λ and commensal enteric bacteria are important modulators of persistent MNoV infection. LUBAC, of which HOIL1 is a component, is reported to inhibit type I IFN induction after RIG-I stimulation. We show, in contrast, that HOIL1 is critical for type I and III IFN induction during infection with MNoV, a virus that preferentially activates MDA5. Moreover, HOIL1 regulates MNoV infection
in vivo
. These data reveal distinct functions for LUBAC in these closely related signaling pathways and in modulation of IFN expression.
Measurement-device-independent quantum private query with qutrits
Authors: Roy Sarbani , Maitra Arpita , Mukhopadhyay Sourav
Published: September 2018

Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Private Query (MDI QPQ) with qutrits is presented. We compare the database security and client’s privacy in MDI QPQ for qubits with qutrits. For some instances, we observe that qutrit will provide better security for database than qubit. However, when it comes to the question of client’s privacy, we have to take additional measures in case of qutrit. Hence, we conclude that though in case of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) higher dimension provides better security, in case of QPQ this is not obvious.
Validation of EGameFlow
Authors: Shu-Hui Chen , Wann-Yih Wu , Dennison Jason
Published: September 2018

The development of a relevant model for measuring user enjoyment of video game play has received a great deal of attention in game-based and flow-based literature. EGameFlow, a self-report scale instrument created from the original game enjoyment framework proposed by Sweetser and Wyeth, provides a necessary and potentially useful tool for game enjoyment researchers. However, the scale itself is quite new. The utility of EGameFlow cannot be determined until its rigorousness has been verified. The purpose of this study was to test the validity, reliability, and applicability of EGameFlow for measuring players’ experiences in video game play. A total of 167 participants played an interactive video game and then evaluated their game playing experiences via the refined 27-item EGameFlow scale, which included the following seven dimensions: concentration, goal clarity, feedback, challenge, autonomy, immersion, and social interaction. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability testing, and discriminant validity checks were administered. Empirical results indicated that the refined scale was both valid and reliable. Implications of these findings and direction for future research were also discussed.
A Relational Framework for Classifier Engineering
Authors: Kimelfeld Benny , Ré Christopher
Published: September 2018

In the design of analytical procedures and machine-learning solutions, a critical and time-consuming task is that of feature engineering, for which various recipes and tooling approaches have been developed. We embark on the establishment of database foundations for feature engineering. Specifically, we propose a formal framework for classification in the context of a relational database. The goal of this framework is to open the way to research and techniques to assist developers with the task of feature engineering by utilizing the database's modeling and understanding of data and queries, and by deploying the well studied principles of database management. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework by formally defining key algorithmic challenges and presenting preliminary complexity results.
Protein intake in the early recovery period after exhaustive exercise improves performance the following day
Authors: Sollie Ove , Jeppesen Per B. , Tangen Daniel S. , Jernerén Fredrik , Nellemann Birgitte , Valsdottir Ditta , Madsen Klavs , Turner Cheryl , Refsum Helga , Skålhegg Bjørn S. , Ivy John L. , Jensen Jørgen
Published: September 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of protein and carbohydrate ingestion during early recovery from exhaustive exercise on performance after 18-h recovery. Eight elite cyclists (V̇o2max: 74.0 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed two exercise and diet interventions in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design. Participants cycled first at 73% of V̇o2max (W73%) followed by 1-min intervals at 90% of V̇o2max until exhaustion. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either 1.2 g carbohydrate·kg−1·h−1 (CHO) or 0.8 g carbohydrate + 0.4 g protein·kg−1·h−1 (CHO + PROT). The diet during the remaining recovery period was similar for both interventions and adjusted to body weight. After an 18-h recovery, cycling performance was assessed with a 10-s sprint test, 30 min of cycling at W73%, and a cycling time trial (TT). The TT was 8.5% faster (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min; P < 0.03) after CHO + PROT compared with CHO. Mean power output during the sprints was 3.7% higher in CHO + PROT compared with CHO (1,063 ± 54 vs. 1,026 ± 53 W; P = 0.01). Nitrogen balance in the recovery period was negative in CHO and neutral in CHO + PROT (−82.4 ± 11.5 vs. 7.0 ± 15.4 mg/kg; P < 0.01). In conclusion, TT and sprint performances were improved 18 h after exhaustive cycling by CHO + PROT supplementation during the first 2 h of recovery compared with isoenergetic CHO supplementation. Our results indicate that intake of carbohydrate plus protein after exhaustive endurance exercise more rapidly converts the body from a catabolic to an anabolic state than carbohydrate alone, thus speeding recovery and improving subsequent cycling performance.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged high intensity endurance exercise depends on glycogen utilization and high oxidative capacity. Still, exhaustion develops and effective recovery strategies are required to compete in multiday stage races. We show that coingestion of protein and carbohydrate during the first 2 h of recovery is superior to isoenergetic intake of carbohydrate to stimulate recovery, and improves both endurance time-trial and 10-s sprint performance the following day in elite cyclists.
Determination of Phosphorus in Soil by ICP-OES Using an Improved Standard Addition Method
Authors: Yang Jing , Bai Jingwen , Liu Meiyu , Chen Yang , Wang Shoutong , Yang Qiyong
Published: September 2018

In this study, an improved standard addition method (ISAM) was developed for the determination of phosphorus in soil by ICP-OES based on the conventional standard addition method (CSAM) and calibration curve method (CCM). Certified standard soils were analyzed by the proposed ISAM method. The values obtained by ISAM method agreed with the certified values. Additionally, the results obtained by ISAM method were compared with those determined by the other two methods (CSAM and CCM). All the values obtained by the ISAM agreed with those from the other two methods. The detection limit, quantification limit, and recovery rate of each method were calculated, and the recovery rates of soil samples and the blank were all within the range of 90%–110%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to determine phosphorous in soil samples from Guangnan County, Yunnan Province, China, and the meadow soil from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The relative errors between the results from ISAM and CCM were all within 10%, and t-test showed that the results between ISAM and CCM had no significant difference (P>0.05). Therefore, the proposed method overcame the matrix effect in some extent and was an acceptable method for the rapid and accurate batch analysis of P content in soil sample, especially batch samples with obvious matrix effect.
Treatment of Punctate Inner Choroidopathy with Choroidal Neovascularization Using Corticosteroid and Intravitreal Ranibizumab
Authors: Wu Wei , Li Shiying , Xu Haiwei , Liu Yong , Wang Yi , Lai Timothy Y. Y. , Yin Zheng Qin
Published: September 2018

Background. To evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) and secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods. This is a retrospective study of 24 eyes in 22 patients suffering from PIC with CNV. Patients were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy (14 eyes) or combined oral corticosteroid and intravitreal ranibizumab therapy (corticosteroid-ranibizumab group, 10 eyes). Mean follow-up duration was 24.0 months. We evaluated best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography, before and after treatment. The following variables were compared between groups: number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections, BCVA, recurrence of CNV, and change in PIC lesions. Results. The ranibizumab monotherapy group received an average of 3 intravitreal ranibizumab injections; mean logMAR visual acuity improvement was 0.34, and 8 eyes developed recurrent CNV during follow-up. The corticosteroid-ranibizumab group received an average of 1.9 intravitreal ranibizumab injections; mean logMAR visual acuity improvement was 0.61, and there was no recurrence of CNV. Combined corticosteroid-ranibizumab therapy also resulted in better resolution of PIC lesions and fewer new PIC lesions. Conclusion. Both corticosteroid-ranibizumab treatment and ranibizumab monotherapy could significantly improve the vision of PIC patients with CNV. Combined corticosteroid and intravitreal ranibizumab treatment appeared to reduce CNV recurrence and development of new PIC lesions compared with ranibizumab monotherapy.
Vibration Behavior and Reinforcement Effect Analysis of the Slab Track‐Subgrade with Mud Pumping under Cyclic Dynamic Loading: Full‐Scale Model Tests
Authors: Huang Junjie , Su Qian , Wang Wei , Wang Xun , Guo Huiqin
Published: September 2018

Mud pumping occurring in the subgrade bed can gradually deteriorate the performance of the slab track‐subgrade, negatively affecting the comfort and safety of high‐speed railway. In this paper, a full‐scale model of the slab track‐subgrade was established to analyze the vibration behavior of the model in normal condition and before and after mud pumping reinforced, as well as the reinforcement effect of mud pumping using low‐viscosity epoxy resin. The research results show that the vibration acceleration and displacement and the settlement of the model in normal condition stabilize gradually with the increasing number of loading cycles. Under the upper layer of the subgrade bed saturated by water, mud pumping occurs in the subgrade bed as soon as the second loading stage reaches to 3.0 × 104 cycles, and the deterioration of mud pumping increases gradually with the increasing number of loading cycles. Moreover, a large volume of slurry composed of water and fine particles is squeezed out of the subgrade bed after the model is subjected to the second cyclic loading stage of 2.0 × 106 cycles, causing contact loss between the concrete base and the subgrade bed, which makes the acceleration and displacement of the concrete base increase abnormally compared with the model in normal condition, as well as the cumulative settlement of the subgrade bed. The model with significant mud pumping in the upper layer of the subgrade bed was reinforced by using low‐viscosity epoxy resin. This effectively controlled the abnormal acceleration and displacement of the concrete base and restored the support capability of the subgrade bed for the concrete base of the slab track structure.
Social Cognition through the Lens of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience
Authors: Arioli Maria , Crespi Chiara , Canessa Nicola
Published: September 2018

Social cognition refers to a set of processes, ranging from perception to decision-making, underlying the ability to decode others’ intentions and behaviors to plan actions fitting with social and moral, besides individual and economic considerations. Its centrality in everyday life reflects the neural complexity of social processing and the ubiquity of social cognitive deficits in different pathological conditions. Social cognitive processes can be clustered in three domains associated with (a) perceptual processing of social information such as faces and emotional expressions (social perception), (b) grasping others’ cognitive or affective states (social understanding), and (c) planning behaviors taking into consideration others’, in addition to one’s own, goals (social decision-making). We review these domains from the lens of cognitive neuroscience, i.e., in terms of the brain areas mediating the role of such processes in the ability to make sense of others’ behavior and plan socially appropriate actions. The increasing evidence on the “social brain” obtained from healthy young individuals nowadays constitutes the baseline for detecting changes in social cognitive skills associated with physiological aging or pathological conditions. In the latter case, impairments in one or more of the abovementioned domains represent a prominent concern, or even a core facet, of neurological (e.g., acquired brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases), psychiatric (e.g., schizophrenia), and developmental (e.g., autism) disorders. To pave the way for the other papers of this issue, addressing the social cognitive deficits associated with severe acquired brain injury, we will briefly discuss the available evidence on the status of social cognition in normal aging and its breakdown in neurodegenerative disorders. Although the assessment and treatment of such impairments is a relatively novel sector in neurorehabilitation, the evidence summarized here strongly suggests that the development of remediation procedures for social cognitive skills will represent a future field of translational research in clinical neuroscience.
Network Protocols, Schemes, and Mechanisms for Internet of Things (IoT): Features, Open Challenges, and Trends
Authors: Triantafyllou Anna , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis , Lagkas Thomas D.
Published: September 2018

Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes the next step in the field of technology, bringing enormous changes in industry, medicine, environmental care, and urban development. Various challenges are to be met in forming this vision, such as technology interoperability issues, security and data confidentiality requirements, and, last but not least, the development of energy efficient management systems. In this paper, we explore existing networking communication technologies for the IoT, with emphasis on encapsulation and routing protocols. The relation between the IoT network protocols and the emerging IoT applications is also examined. A thorough layer‐based protocol taxonomy is provided, while how the network protocols fit and operate for addressing the recent IoT requirements and applications is also illustrated. What is the most special feature of this paper, compared to other survey and tutorial works, is the thorough presentation of the inner schemes and mechanisms of the network protocols subject to IPv6. Compatibility, interoperability, and configuration issues of the existing and the emerging protocols and schemes are discussed based on the recent advanced of IPv6. Moreover, open networking challenges such as security, scalability, mobility, and energy management are presented in relation to their corresponding features. Lastly, the trends of the networking mechanisms in the IoT domain are discussed in detail, highlighting future challenges.
Two Cases of Sinonasal Non-Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma with Squamoid Morules Expressing Nuclear β-Catenin and CDX2: A Curious Morphologic Finding Supported by Molecular Analysis
Authors: Villatoro Tatiana M. , Mardekian Stacey K.
Published: September 2018

Sinonasal non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (non-ITAC) is a rare, morphologically diverse neoplasm of the head and neck. Squamoid morular metaplasia has recently been reported as an occasional finding in non-ITAC. Interestingly, these squamoid morules often show aberrant expression of CDX2 as well as nuclear expression of β-catenin, similar to other tumors that show this type of metaplasia, but the underlying mechanism responsible for this finding is not completely understood. We present two cases of low-grade non-ITAC with squamoid morules coexpressing CDX2 and nuclear β-catenin by immunohistochemistry, both of which were found to harbor a mutation in CTNNB1, the gene encoding β-catenin. This finding provides support that an alteration in the β-catenin pathway, including mutations in the β-catenin gene itself, is responsible for this recently described morphologic phenomenon in non-ITAC.
The Relationship between Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference and Coronary Artery Disease Severity Calculated by the SYNTAX Score
Authors: Durmuş Gündüz , Belen Erdal , Bayyigit Akif , Kalyoncuoğlu Muhsin , Can Mehmet Mustafa
Published: September 2018

Objectives. The inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) is closely related to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The SYNTAX score indicates the extent and complexity of coronary artery disease, which are determined by coronary angiography. The aim of our study is to examine the relationship between the IASBPD (which is easily calculated in routine practice) and the SYNTAX score.Methods. 104 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The IASBPD was calculated by blood pressure measurements obtained simultaneously from both arms. The SYNTAX score was calculated by coronary angiography.Results. Patients were divided into two groups: those with a high SYNTAX score (≥20) and those with a low SYNTAX score (<20). The mean IASBPD values were significantly higher in the group with a high SYNTAX score (≥20) (p<0.001). The patients with IASBPD≥10 were more likely to have a high SYNTAX score compared to the patients with IASBPD<10 (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only the IASBPD values were found to be independently associated with high SYNTAX score (OR: 1.717 (CI: 1.307-2.257), p<0.001).Conclusion. The IASBPD values obtained by only blood pressure measurements are closely related to the extent of coronary artery disease.
Nedd4-Binding Protein 1 and TNFAIP3-Interacting Protein 1 Control MHC-1 Display in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Spel Lotte , Nieuwenhuis Joppe , Haarsma Rianne , Stickel Elmer , Bleijerveld Onno B. , Altelaar Maarten , Boelens Jaap Jan , Brummelkamp Thijn R. , Nierkens Stefan , Boes Marianne
Published: September 2018

Neuroblastoma is the second most common tumor in children. The cause of neuroblastoma is thought to lie in aberrant development of embryonic neural crest cells and is accompanied by low MHC-1 expression and suppression of the NF-κB transcription factor, thereby gearing cells toward escape from immunosurveillance. Here, we assess regulation of the MHC-1 gene in neuroblastoma to enhance its immunogenic potential for therapeutic T-cell targeting. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identified N4BP1 and TNIP1 as inhibitory factors of NF-κB-mediated MHC-1 expression in neuroblastoma. Patients with advanced stage neuroblastoma who expressed high levels of TNIP1 and N4BP1 exhibited worse overall survival. Depletion of N4BP1 or TNIP1 increased NF-κB and MHC-1 expression and stimulated recognition by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. We confirmed that TNIP1 inhibited canonical NF-κB member RelA by preventing activation of the RelA/p50 NF-κB dimer. Furthermore, N4BP1 inhibited both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB through binding of deubiquitinating enzyme CEZANNE, resulting in stabilization of TRAF3 and degradation of NF-κB-inducing kinase NIK. These data suggest that N4BP1/CEZANNE or TNIP1 may be candidate targets for immunotherapy in neuroblastoma tumors and should lift NF-κB suppression, thereby triggering increased peptide/MHC1-mediated tumor reactivity to enhance therapeutic T-cell targeting.

Significance:

Aberrant regulation of NF-κB and MHC-1 in neuroblastoma tumors provides new targets for immunotherapeutic approaches against neuroblastoma.
Reversal of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer EMT by miR-200c Decreases Tryptophan Catabolism and a Program of Immunosuppression
Authors: Rogers Thomas J. , Christenson Jessica L. , Greene Lisa I. , O'Neill Kathleen I. , Williams Michelle M. , Gordon Michael A. , Nemkov Travis , D'Alessandro Angelo , Degala Greg D. , Shin Jimin , Tan Aik-Choon , Cittelly Diana M. , Lambert James R. , Richer Jennifer K.
Published: September 2018

Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan catabolism pathway, is induced in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by inflammatory signals and anchorage-independent conditions. TNBCs express extremely low levels of the miR-200 family compared with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer. In normal epithelial cells and ER+ breast cancers and cell lines, high levels of the family member miR-200c serve to target and repress genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To identify mechanism(s) that permit TNBC to express TDO2 and other proteins not expressed in the more well-differentiated ER+ breast cancers, miRNA-200c was restored in TNBC cell lines. The data demonstrate that miR-200c targeted TDO2 directly resulting in reduced production of the immunosuppressive metabolite kynurenine. Furthermore, in addition to reversing a classic EMT signature, miR-200c repressed many genes encoding immunosuppressive factors including CD274/CD273, HMOX-1, and GDF15. Restoration of miR-200c revealed a mechanism, whereby TNBC hijacks a gene expression program reminiscent of that used by trophoblasts to suppress the maternal immune system to ensure fetal tolerance during pregnancy.

Implications:

Knowledge of the regulation of tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors will facilitate development of novel therapeutic strategies that complement current immunotherapy to reduce mortality for patients with TNBC.
The Risk of Human Papillomavirus Infection for Spontaneous Abortion, Spontaneous Preterm Birth, and Pregnancy Rate of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiong Yi-Quan , Mo Yun , Luo Qiao-Ming , Huo Shu-Ting , He Wen-Qiao , Chen Qing
Published: September 2018

Aims: To estimate the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on spontaneous abortion, spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), pregnancy rate of females undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and spontaneous abortion of ART pregnancy. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched until December 16, 2016. The OR or relative risk (RR) with its corresponding 95% CI were selected as effect size. Subgroup analysis of HPV genotype infection (high-risk HPV [HR-HPV] or indiscriminate genotype) was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0. Results: Eighteen studies were included. Eight studies revealed no significant association between HPV infection and spontaneous abortion (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.56–3.50). However, subgroup analysis showed indiscriminate genotype HPV infection increased the ratio of spontaneous abortion with OR of 2.24 (95% CI 1.37–3.65), while HR-HPV infection had no significant effect (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.21–1.98). The results indicated that HR-HPV infection was a risk for sPTB with a pooled OR of 2.84 (95% CI 1.95–4.14). HPV infection was found to be independent of the ART-based clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.64–1.70) and spontaneous abortion of ART pregnancy (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.86–2.50). Conclusions: Indiscriminate HPV genotype infection can increase the risk of spontaneous abortion and HR-HPV infection was a risk factor for sPTB. However, there was not enough evidence to indicate the association between HPV infection and pregnancy rate of ART, and spontaneous abortion of ART pregnancy. Different genotypes of HPV infection may play a discrepant role in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Intussusceptive Pillar Formation in Developing Porcine Glomeruli
Authors: Logothetidou Anastasia , De Spiegelaere Ward , Vandecasteele Tim , Tschulenk Waltraud , Walter Ingrid , Van den Broeck Wim , Cornillie Pieter
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is a dynamic process which contributes to vascular expansion and remodeling. Intraluminal pillars have long been the distinctive structural indicator of IA. However, the mechanism of their formation has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Using light and electron microscopy, we studied intussusceptive vascular growth in the developing porcine metanephric kidney. Results: We observed intraluminal pillars formed by endothelial cells in the vasculature of developing glomeruli. Their diameter was < 2.5 µm, consistent with the diameter of nascent pillars. TEM revealed that the majority of these pillars consisted only of endothelium. However, a central core of extracellular matrix (ECM) covered by endothelium, reminiscent of a more mature intussusceptive pillar, was also found in the lumen of a glomerular capillary. Perivascular cells or pericytes were not involved in the pillar structure during these stages of formation. Conclusion: This study shows ECM presence in a mature intussusceptive pillar without any perivascular cell involvement in the structure. This leads to the hypothesis that ECM deposition precedes the participation of these cells in the formation of intraluminal pillars during IA in porcine metanephric glomerular capillaries.
Clear Liquids versus Polyethylene Glycol Preparation for Video Capsule Endoscopy of the Small Bowel: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bahar Runalia , Gupta Asha , Mann Surinder K.
Published: September 2018

Background: An effective bowel cleanse can improve the imaging quality of video capsule endoscopy (VCE). We aimed to further investigate the optimal small bowel cleanse method by comparing the efficacy of 4 L of clear liquids, 2 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and 4 L of PEG on the image quality of VCE. Methods: A randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial was performed comparing 4 L of clear liquids (Group A), 2 L of PEG (Group B), and 4 L of PEG (Group C). The primary endpoint was image quality between the groups. The secondary endpoints included patient tolerability and side effects. Results: Eighty-one patients were analyzed in group A, 84 patients were analyzed in group B, and 80 patients were analyzed in group C. Image quality scores revealed 4 L of clear liquids to be non-inferior to 2 L of PEG, and 2 L of PEG to be non-inferior to 4 L of PEG (p < 0.0167). Group A had a lower difficulty of completion rate than Group B and Group C and a lower rate of side effects when compared to Group C (p < 0.0167). Conclusion: Four liters of clear liquids should be considered a routine method for small bowel preparation prior to VCE.
Profile Shift in Latex Sensitization over the Last 20 Years
Authors: Saleh Mohamed M. , Forkel Susann , Schön Michael P. , Fuchs Thomas , Buhl Timo
Published: September 2018

Background: Natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy is commonly diagnosed according to medical history, skin allergy tests, and serological analyses. However, skin tests are increasingly being abandoned because of (i) their time-consuming nature, (ii) latex preparations for skin tests being not commercially available, and (iii) the use of in-house prepared test solutions is becoming ever more difficult due to increasing regulatory hurdles. In this light, we have evaluated differences in the profiles of current and former patients with suspected latex allergy. Methods: Sera of skin test-positive patients from a historic cohort (1995–2001, n = 149 patients) and currently (2014–2015, n = 48 patients) were simultaneously analyzed for specific IgE to latex by ImmunoCAP. If the serological screening was positive (≥0.35 kU/L), component-resolved diagnostics including profilins and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) were performed. Results: In contrast to 88% (131/149) of the skin test-positive patients from the 1990s, only 51.1% (24/47) of the current cohort were found positive for specific IgE to latex. While 48.3% (72/149) of the patients had a convincing positive history in the 1990s, current skin test-positive patients rarely reported a relevant medical history (8.5%, 4/47). Specific IgE levels to latex were significantly higher in former patients with suspected latex allergy (p < 0.001) than in former sensitized individuals without allergy. However, this significant difference was lost in current allergic and sensitized patients with positive skin tests. Conclusion: Sensitization profiles in patients with latex allergy have changed significantly over the last 2 decades. Discrimination between NRL sensitization and clinical allergy remains a diagnostic challenge. Our data highlight the need for a combination of all 3 criteria, i.e., patient history, skin test, and analysis of specific IgE, for a correct diagnosis of latex allergy.
Diagnosing Alport Syndrome: Lessons from the Pediatric Ward
Authors: Vos Paul , Zietse Robert , van Geel Michel , Brooks Alice S. , Cransberg Karlien
Published: September 2018

Background: Alport syndrome is a rare inheritable kidney disease frequently leading to end-stage kidney disease in young adults. Patients could benefit from early recognition of the disease. In several children with Alport syndrome, a parent was noticed to have renal symptoms attributed to another renal disease. Aim: To review the renal history of the closest family members of a cohort of pediatric patients with genetically proven Alport syndrome. Methods: The medical records of all children with genetically proven Alport syndrome identified at our pediatric nephrology department in the last 20 years were reviewed, with focus on the medical history of affected parents. Results: Twenty-three children with Alport syndrome from 21 different families were identified. Eight of 21 probands had family member(s) with renal symptoms attributed to other diseases. In these, a type IV collagen mutation was determined only after the manifestation of Alport syndrome in their child. One proband presented atypically with acute membrano-proliferative glomerulo-nephritis. Only 3 out of 8 probands with a known family history of Alport syndrome had been intentionally screened for this disease. A COL4A5 mutation was found in 18 probands, COL4A3 in 2, and COL4A4 in 1. Each family showed private mutations; 17 out of 21 mutations were novel. Conclusions: Atypical presentation of Alport syndrome was quite common in mothers of our pediatric patients. To enable earlier diagnosis of Alport syndrome, nephrologists should look for a positive diagnosis in any patient with persistent renal symptoms, especially if there is a positive family history of (any) renal disease.
Correlations between the Recurrence Patterns and Sizes of Lateral Pelvic Lymph Nodes before and after Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Lower Rectal Cancer
Authors: Shiratori Hiroshi , Kawai Kazushige , Hata Keisuke , Tanaka Toshiaki , Nishikawa Takeshi , Sasaki Kazuhito , Kaneko Manabu , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Morikawa Teppei , Fukayama Masashi , Nozawa Hiroaki
Published: September 2018

Objective: Factors that predict rectal cancer metastasis to the lungs remain undefined. We investigated whether the lateral pelvic lymph node (LPN) sizes before and after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) correlate with lung metastasis after surgery for lower rectal cancer. Methods: Two hundred and forty patients with lower rectal cancer who received preoperative CRT and curative surgery between 2003 and 2017 were examined. Computed tomography-measured LPN sizes before and after CRT were retrospectively determined by 1 colorectal surgeon who was blinded to the patients’ clinical and pathological outcomes. Results: The 5-year cumulative lung metastasis rates were 15.2%. The mean LPN sizes in patients who developed lung metastasis were larger than those in patients who did not (pre-CRT: 8.7 vs. 6.3 mm, p = 0.003; post-CRT: 6.8 vs. 4.5 mm, p = 0.001). The cumulative lung metastasis rate in patients with large LPNs was higher than in those with small LPNs both before and after CRT. On multivariate analysis, lung metastasis was independently correlated with the LPN size only after CRT (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.58), together with the ypT stage (HR: 2.96) and the tumor location (HR: 0.38). Conclusions: LPN size after CRT is strongly predictive of postoperative lung metastasis in patients with lower rectal cancer.
Rapidly Progressing Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting as a Stroke
Authors: Oliver Maxim , Dyke Lisa , Rico Alex , Madruga Mario , Parellada Jorge , Carlan Steve J.
Published: September 2018

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare, fatal human prion disease that is characterized by progressive dementia and neurologic degeneration. It can mimic multiple other neurological disorders, and a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to make a diagnosis. A 74-year-old woman with a 3-month history of a stroke and progressive neurologic deterioration was found to have sCJD. She expired within a week of her diagnosis. Autopsy revealed spongiform encephalopathy consistent with prion disease, and genetic analysis revealed 129 polymorphism and no pathologic mutation, confirming the diagnosis of nonfamilial human prion disease. No pathologic evidence of a stroke was found. Awareness of the disease by clinicians is important not only at the time of initial presentation but also during the following months. Since there is no treatment, invasive medical procedures should be limited to only those that are required for either diagnosis or hospice care.
Sarcomatoid Variant of Bladder Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Uemura Koichi , Kawahara Takashi , Ishida Hiroaki , Nakaigawa Noboru , Tanabe Mikiko , Yao Masahiro , Uemura Hiroji
Published: September 2018

A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital complaining of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary tumor 8 cm in diameter filling the bladder. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. The pathological findings revealed the sarcomatoid variant of urothelial carcinoma with a heterologous osteosarcomatous element. He had no metastasis according to our imaging analyses; thus, we planned radical cystectomy after two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin). Following chemotherapy, enlarged pelvic lymph nodes were noted, and extremely aggressive local progression of the bladder tumor was confirmed. The patient ultimately died 6 months after his initial visit to our hospital.
Feasibility of Underwater Clip Closure for Large Mucosal Defects after Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Yamasaki Yasushi , Harada Keita , Oka Shohei , Takashima Shiho , Inokuchi Toshihiro , Sugihara Yuusaku , Takahara Masahiro , Hiraoka Sakiko , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Clip closure of mucosal defects after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (C-ESD) may decrease the incidence of delayed adverse events. The size of the defect to be closed by conventional clip is limited, however, and we sometimes encounter incomplete closure when the defect is located at the flexure. As, theoretically, underwater clip closure (UCC) could achieve complete closure despite these difficult cases, we investigated its feasibility. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients who underwent UCC after C-ESD. The main outcome was the UCC success rate, defined as complete closure of the defect. Other outcomes were procedure time, number of clips, and the delayed adverse event rate. Results: The median resected specimen size was 31 mm (range 18–47 mm). The UCC success rate was 100%. The median procedure time was only 11 min (range 6–21 min). The median number of clips was 9 (range 5–16). No delayed adverse event occurred. Conclusion: It is feasible to use UCC to close large mucosal defects, although further studies are warranted to assess its efficacy.
Compatibility of Intravenous Fat Emulsion with Antibiotics for Secondary Piggyback Infusion
Authors: Omotani Sachiko , Aoe Mai , Esaki Seiji , Nagai Katsuhito , Hatsuda Yasutoshi , Mukai Junji , Teramachi Hitomi , Myotoku Michiaki
Published: September 2018

Background: The Guidelines for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Japan state that parenteral fat emulsion can be infused through a secondary administration set. We tested the compatibility of fat emulsion with antibiotics in piggyback infusions in terms of changes in the size distribution of fat particles. Methods: Test mixtures of 5% glucose solution, fat emulsion, and 25 antibiotic agents were prepared in the ratio appropriate for piggyback infusion (33: 10: 40) and analyzed serially for the number of fine particles by size using a light-shielded automatic fine particle counter. Results: No marked changes were observed in the 12 β-lactam antibacterial drugs, clindamycin phosphate, teicoplanin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and micafungin sodium even at 24 h after preparation. The particle size in the mixture containing vancomycin hydrochloride, levofloxacin hydrate, metronidazole, and fluconazole gradually increased after preparation. The particle size in the mixture containing gentamicin sulfate, arbekacin sulfate, minocycline hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin, and fosfomycin sodium changed significantly after preparation. Conclusions: The changes in the particle size observed with some drugs suggest that they may cause changes in the lipid particle size during administration and, therefore, those antibiotics agents should not be administered concurrently with fat emulsion.
The CircRNA-ACAP2/Hsa-miR-21-5p/ Tiam1 Regulatory Feedback Circuit Affects the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Colon Cancer SW480 Cells
Authors: He Jin-Hua , Li Yu-Guang , Han Ze-Ping , Zhou Jia-Bin , Chen Wei-Ming , Lv Yu-Bing , He Meng-Ling , Zuo Ji-Dong , Zheng Lei 
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA that is widely expressed in human cells, have essential roles in the development and progression of cancer. CircRNAs contain microRNA (miRNA) binding sites and can function as miRNA sponges to regulate gene expression by removing the inhibitory effect of an miRNA on its target gene. Methods: We used the bioinformatics software TargetScan and miRanda to predict circRNA-miRNA and miRNAi-Mrna interactions. Rate of inhibiting of proliferation was measured using a WST-8 cell proliferation assay. Clone formation ability was assessed with a clone formation inhibition test. Cell invasion and migration capacity was evaluated by performing a Transwell assay. Relative gene expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and relative protein expression levels were determined with western blotting. circRNA and miRNA interaction was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays. Results: In the present study, the miRNA hsa-miR-21-5p was a target of circRNA-ACAP2, and T lymphoma invasion and metastasis protein 1 (Tiam1) was identified as a target gene of hsa-miR-21-5p. CircRNA-ACAP2 and Tiam1 were shown to be highly expressed in colon cancer tissue and colon cancer SW480 cells, but miR-21-5p was expressed at a low level. SW480 cell proliferation was suppressed when the expression of circRNA-ACAP2 and Tiam1 was decreased and the expression of miR-21-5p was increased in vivo and in vitro. SW480 cell migration and invasion were also inhibited under the same circumstance. The circRNA-ACAP2 interaction regulated the expression of miR-21-5p, and miR-21-5p regulated the expression of Tiam1. Down-regulation of circRNA-ACAP2 promoted miR-21-5p expression, which further suppressed the transcription and translation of Tiam1. Conclusion: The present study shows that the circRNA-ACAP2/hsa-miR-21-5p/Tiam1 regulatory feedback circuit could affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer SW480 cells. This was probably due to the fact that circRNA-ACAP2 could act as a miRNA sponge to regulate Tiam1 expression by removing the inhibitory effect of miR-21-5p on Tiam1 expression. The results from this study have revealed new insights into the pathogenicity of colon cancer and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of colon cancer.
Do poder ao governo e do saber à veridição
Authors: Stival Monica Loyola
Published: September 2018

Michel Foucault, Du gouvernement des vivants, cours au Collège de France, 1979-1980, Édition établie sous la direction de François Ewald et Alessandro Fontana, par Michel Senellart, Paris: EHESS/Gallimard/Seuil, 2012, 385p.
Lecture de Rousseu
Authors: Prado Junior Bento
Published: September 2018

Lecture de Rousseu
Ultimi Barbarorum - Espinoza: o temor das massas
Authors: Balibar Etienne
Published: September 2018

O uso diferenciado dos termos multitudo e populus em Espinosa nos remete a problemáticas mais recentes que se referem aos  “movimentos de massas", seu controle, sua utilização e sua repressão preventiva. Tomando as 'massas' como objeto de estudo específico, Espinosa recusa tanto a redução da individualidade pelas massas quanto a redução das massas pelo poder, fornecendo-nos assim subsidios para pensar as instituições democráticas.
A produção tardia do teatro moderno no Brasil
Authors: Costa Iná Camargo
Published: September 2018

Quando Brecht escreveu que o teatro épico pressupõe a posse dos meios de produção teatral pelo movimento operário, além de indicar as raízes históricas de suas opções estéticas, estava expondo um critério de añálise para o conjunto da produção teatral moderna. Já a tardia importação do teatro moderno pelos brasileiro foi patrocinada por uma burguesia desenvolvimentista geralmente ciosa da necessidade de cortar ou obscurecer os vínculos das obras passíveis de consumo local. Mas no final dos anos cinquenta vamos observar o encontro entre forma importada e adaptada e demandas culturais que ultrapassavam os estreitos limites impostos ao nosso mercado teatral modernzado.
Sobre a Concepção da afasia e da histeria: Notas sobre a relação entre anatomia e linguagem nos primórdios da teoria freudiana
Authors: Gabbi Júnior Osmyr Faria
Published: September 2018

Freud, em 1891, ao estudar a afasia, vai contra a concepção dominante na época, que era anatômica. Mais tarde, em 1893, começa a pensar a histeria como um tipo de afasia. O que mostra a estreita vinculação entre a teoria freudiana sobre o aparelho psíquico e a linguagem entendida como fala.
A constituição das existências lógicas (Bergson leitor de Aristóteles)
Authors: Silva Franklin Leopoldo e
Published: September 2018

Este texto procura explicitar alguns aspectos da interpretação bergsoniana de Aristóteles, sobretudo aqueles que fazem de Aristóteles um eminente representante do que Bergson denomina Filosofia das formas. A leitura bergsoniana procura mostrar que não há diferença significativa entre Aristóteles e Platão, na medida em que ambos comprometem-se com a fundação do conhecimento a partir da ontologia de Parmênides. Desta maneira, o quadro categorial aristotélico e o princípio ontológico da Forma da Formas, ou Forma Pura, tentam solucionar a aporia parmenídica remetendo a imobilidade ao estranho lógico do conhecimento, ou a objetividade ao conhecimento das existências em seu caráter lógico.
Subjetividade e juízo
Authors: Silva Franklin Leopoldo e
Published: September 2018

Esse texto pretende indicar um modo de aproximação da noção de subjetividade tal como  ela aparece especificamente na Critica do Juízo: a especificidade do juízo reﬂexionante como ato subjetivo. A função de ajuizar, no seu estrato pre-categorial, pode nos fornecer a indicação de uma possibilidade interpretativa fundada na conjunção entre mundo natural e mundo prático como o universo da nova forma de juizo
O tempo presente no processo teatral
Authors: Felício Vera Lúcia Gonçalves
Published: September 2018

Rejeitando a noção de um teatro burguês, comercial, sinônimo de recepção passiva, Peter Brook reflete sobre dois outros tipos de teatro que tentam responder à proposta de um teatro vivo: o “Teatro Sagrado" e o “Teatro Bruto". Ele se propõe a reabilitar o sentido do Sagrado e do Popular (Bruto) levando em conta as condições vigentes atuais e o contexto em que a prática teatral se efetiva.
Entretenimento
Authors: Arantes Urias
Published: September 2018

Este artigo  se propõe como entretenimento, sugerindo, a partir da análise do Discurso da Servidão Voluntária, de Etienne de La Boétie, que o lugar do politico é um lugar de interrogação inﬁnita, onde as formas da vida comum são inventadas, destruídas e reinventadas pelo homem. O entretenimento se dá num espaço de liberdade e só é possível entre amigos.
O desafio Nietzsche
Authors: Müller-Lauter Wolfgang
Published: September 2018

Este artigo procura discutir como Nietzsche expõe suas idéias e como essa forma de exposição foi e é um "desafio" para seus intérpretes. A questão central é a de saber se se trata de uma filosofia incoerente, contraditória, ou de uma filosofia que vive de seus próprios conflitos e tensões internas.
Nietzsche e Hegel, leitores de Heráclito
Authors: Marton Scarlett
Published: September 2018

A partir das leituras que Nietzsche e Hegel fazem de Heráclito, trata-se de analisar de que maneira concebem o vir-a-ser. Ao examinar os pontos convergentes e divergentes de suas intepretações, reúnem-se elementos para repensar a relação entre eles. Passando em revista a literatura mais recente, torna-se então posível apreciar a tese da afinidade e a da oposição entre o pensamento hegelano e a filosofia nietzschiana e avaliar, em particular, a pertinência dos comentários de Kaufmann e Deleuze.
A máscara e a efetividade
Authors: Cassin Barbara
Published: September 2018

Ao afirmar que se pode simular a filosofia, mas não a eloqüência, Quintiliano destrói a problemática platônica da imitação (o que é de se imitar é bom, o inimitável é melhor ainda) e justifica a afirmação ao julgar o orador não por sua intenção, mas por seu ato.
História e Retórica na Grécia Clássica
Authors: Lima Paulo Francisco Butti de
Published: September 2018

Este artigo tenta mostrar as relações entre historiografia e retórica jurídica na Grécia do século V. Os meios de prova da "verdade" nos historiadores antigos, principalmente Tucídides e Heródoto, se constroem mediante a conjunção de função processual e momento discursivo.