bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's not all black and white: visual scene parameters influence optokinetic reflex performance in Xenopus laevis tadpoles
Authors: Gravot Céline M. , Knorr Alexander G. , Glasauer Stefan , Straka Hans
Published: November 2017

The maintenance of visual acuity during active and passive body motion is ensured by gaze-stabilizing reflexes that aim at minimizing retinal image slip. For the optokinetic reflex (OKR), large-field visual motion of the surround forms the essential stimulus that activates eye movements. Properties of the moving visual world influence cognitive motion perception and the estimation of visual image velocity. Therefore, the performance of brainstem-mediated visuo-motor behaviors might also depend on image scene characteristics. Employing semi-intact preparations of mid-larval stages of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, we studied the influence of contrast polarity, intensity, contour shape and different motion stimulus patterns on the performance of the OKR and multi-unit optic nerve discharge during motion of a large-field visual scene. At high contrast intensities, the OKR amplitude was significantly larger for visual scenes with a positive contrast (bright dots on a dark background) compared with those with a negative contrast. This effect persisted for luminance-matched pairs of stimuli, and was independent of contour shape. The relative biases of OKR performance along with the independence of the responses from contour shape were closely matched by the optic nerve discharge evoked by the same visual stimuli. However, the multi-unit activity of retinal ganglion cells in response to a small single moving vertical edge was strongly influenced by the light intensity in the vertical neighborhood. This suggests that the underlying mechanism of OKR biases related to contrast polarity directly derives from visual motion-processing properties of the retinal circuitry.
Thermal history and gape of individual Mytilus californianus correlate with oxidative damage and thermoprotective osmolytes
Authors: Gleason Lani U. , Miller Luke P. , Winnikoff Jacob R. , Somero George N. , Yancey Paul H. , Bratz Dylan , Dowd W. Wesley
Published: November 2017

The ability of animals to cope with environmental stress depends – in part – on past experience, yet knowledge of the factors influencing an individual's physiology in nature remains underdeveloped. We used an individual monitoring system to record body temperature and valve gaping behavior of rocky intertidal zone mussels (Mytilus californianus). Thirty individuals were selected from two mussel beds (wave-exposed and wave-protected) that differ in thermal regime. Instrumented mussels were deployed at two intertidal heights (near the lower and upper edges of the mussel zone) and in a continuously submerged tidepool. Following a 23-day monitoring period, measures of oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, antioxidant capacities (catalase activity and peroxyl radical scavenging) and tissue contents of organic osmolytes were obtained from gill tissue of each individual. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that inter-individual variation in cumulative thermal stress is a predominant driver of physiological variation. Thermal history over the outplant period was positively correlated with oxidative DNA damage. Thermal history was also positively correlated with tissue contents of taurine, a thermoprotectant osmolyte, and with activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Origin site differences, possibly indicative of developmental plasticity, were only significant for catalase activity. Gaping behavior was positively correlated with tissue contents of two osmolytes. Overall, these results are some of the first to clearly demonstrate relationships between inter-individual variation in recent experience in the field and inter-individual physiological variation, in this case within mussel beds. Such micro-scale, environmentally mediated physiological differences should be considered in attempts to forecast biological responses to a changing environment.
The historical aspect of the monarchical stage of the formation and development of the process of training cadets of the Russian Interior Ministry institutions for pedagogical prevention of drug addiction (1802-1917)
Authors: Башлуева Мария , Bashlueva Mariya
Published: November 2017

The article is about the formation and development of the process of training cadets of the Russian Interior Ministry institutions for pedagogical prevention of drug addiction. Historical and pedagogical analysis was carried out taking into account the accumulated domestic experience of working with personnel in the Russian military-pedagogical tradition. The author proposes a differentiated approach to the problem of training cadets of the Russian Interior Ministry institutions for pedagogical prevention of drug addiction. It is proposed to consider the monarchic stage of the formation and development of the process of training cadets of the Russian Interior Ministry institutions for pedagogical prevention of drug addiction.
Use of various media types in training: creating a favorable environment for self-intermediation at inter-promotional level
Authors: Муратова Аста , Muratova Asta , Муратова Людмила Васильевна , Muratova Lyudmila Vasil'evna , Рабаданова Разият , Rabadanova Raziyat
Published: November 2017

The work analyzes the effectiveness of the use of media technologies to improve the educational motivation of students (the example of the Municipal Budget Educational Institution Gymnasium No. 5 in Konakovo, Tver Region) to improve the overall quality of education. Traditionally, the task teacher performs differentiation of tasks on the subject, and the students fulfill them according to the choice of the teacher. For the formation of universal learning skills of students it is necessary to teach to carry out an informed choice of tasks in accordance with their capabilities and create conditions for raising the level and achieving high academic success. We assume that the use of the technology "Learning in the game" will make possible the transition from external differentiation to internal quite naturally, because students will have the opportunity to do this in individual modes. By tracking their own achievements or failures in the e-learning system, trainees will be able to share it with the members of the language group and the teacher.
Historical Aspect of the first Soviet Stage of Formation and Development of the Process of Preparing Cadets of Higher Educational Institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for Pedagogical Prevention of Addiction
Authors: Башлуева Мария , Bashlueva Mariya
Published: November 2017

The article deals with the formation and development of the process of training cadets of the Russian Interior Ministry institutions for pedagogical prevention of drug addiction. Historical and pedagogical analysis was carried out taking into account the accumulated domestic experience of working with personnel in the Russian military-pedagogical tradition. The author proposes a differentiated approach to the problem of training cadets of the Russian Interior Ministry institutions for pedagogical prevention of drug addiction. It is proposed to consider the Soviet stage of the formation and development of the process of training cadets of the Russian Ministry of the Interior for pedagogical prevention of drug addiction.
The study of personality characteristics of military personnel with the help of the California psychological inventory
Authors: Петров Владислав , Petrov Vladislav , Онкамо Яна , Onkamo Yana
Published: November 2017

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of the personal characteristics of military personnel. In the psychological study involved 283 people, including soldiers of the permanent composition of the Military University, students of the Military University (military personnel of the defense Ministry), members of Regardie. Testing was conducted using the California psychological inventory based on the automated workplace of the military psychologist. Statistically significant differences (between different categories of military personnel, police officers) for the different scales of the questionnaire identified relevant performance standards. The results allow to improve the technology of study of the individual officers at different stages of service.
Programming and configuring the system "1C: Enterprise"
Authors: Дадян Эдуард , Dadyan Eduard
Published: November 2017

Tutorial on the fundamentals of the programming language 1C 8.3 configuration and methods of application solutions on the platform of "1C: Enterprise ".
The textbook consists of two parts.
The first part is intended for both beginners and advanced users and is devoted to consideration of the fundamentals of programming in the system "1C: Enterprise.
The second part includes materials that describe the architectural solutions used in the technological platform "1C: Enterprise 8.3". Lists the available system development tools, administration, and application functionality that can be used to develop applications on this platform. Detail the type system and ideology work with the data.
The first part, in turn, contains two sections. In the first section are the basics of a programming language 1C 8.3 for beginners. In the second section of the first part of the reference form for the specific examples given the application of the language of 1S for the users who have studied the material of the first section. The material is arranged sequentially according to the complexity of development "from simple to complex." Explanations
given in the first part, detailed and accessible even for those who are only vaguely familiar with the basics of programming. Both sections of the first part of a textbook on the availability of presentation and depth of coverage will allow more experienced users to remember and more to study fairly complex aspects of programming embedded language of 1C 8.3.
The second part of the tutorial, you will learn the basics of configuring the system "1C: Enterprise 8". The build material is aimed at training lectures and practical method, when after receiving a dose of theoretical material is given a task that is performed independently. Each subsequent task is based on data obtained with the correct execution of all previous. The material of the second part is divided into theme units. Each unit includes theoretical material, practical tasks, help system and control system.
Know your health status; not only at world health day: A community service held at the University of Namibia 2017
Authors: Kloppers Joan.M , Kamenye Esther , Nauiseb-Amakali Taimi
Published: November 2017

The overall purpose of this article is to describe how the World Health Day was celebrated at the University of Namibia in 2017. University of Namibia as one of the higher institutions of learning in Namibia is celebrating the world health day yearly, mainly to promote health and prevent ill health, through partaking in the health campaigns. In 2017, the University of Namibia had conducted a mini survey and the main aims of the survey were twofold, firstly, to determine whether the students at the University of Namibia are visiting their general practitioners regularly for medical examination particular on tests like blood pressure, glucose and eye's test; and secondly to provide information about the importance of general medical check up to the students of the University of Namibia. Purposeful convenience method was used to select the sample and structural questionnaires were employed to gather data. The results revealed that the majority 34% of the students at the University of Namibia never went for medical examination to detect disease early. Recommendations were made based on the findings is that everyone to take initiative and visit any health facility (public or private) for medical examinations as soon as possible and not only to wait to be tested on world health day, since it might be too late.
Maria and Andrea: Comparing Positive and Negative Outcome Cases in an Online, Clinician-Guided, Self-Help Intervention for Panic Disorder
Authors: Ciuca Amalia M. , Berger Thomas , Miclea Mircea
Published: November 2017

Hundreds of clinical trials offer strong efficacy evidence that Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (ICBT) interventions can contribute substantially to reducing the gap between mental health care needs and service use by providing better access to quality treatments. However, in order to use these interventions more efficiently, we need to find the best ways to tailor the interventions according to individual client characteristics, such as severity of symptoms, comorbidity problems, personality traits, life context, and position on the stage-of-change continuum. In line with this, this article documents how the individual process of psychological treatment unfolds during a specific IBCT program for Panic Disorder, called "PAXonline," with therapist guidance via Skype. The challenges and progress made by the two clients
Rethinking Financial Reporting: Reinstating the Social License of Limited Liability
Authors: Haslam Colin
Published: November 2017

Shyam Sunder’s monograph ‘Rethinking Financial Reporting: Standards, Norms and Institutions’ explores the extent to which it is possible to deliver ‘better financial reporting’ so as to support investment decision making and valuation. In this review paper it is argued that a more fundamental and radical challenge is required in a world where financial reporting is politically and socially constructed. The institutions governing financial reporting have pursued a project that has been complicit in undermining the social license granted by limited liability. The priority is to explore how financial reporting might contribute to securing the social license granted by limited liability.
Deaf lecturers’ translanguaging in a higher education setting. A multimodal multilingual perspective
Authors: Holmström Ingela , Schönström Krister
Published: November 2017

In a few universities around the world courses are offered where the primary language of instruction is a national sign language. Many of these courses are given by bilingual/multilingual deaf lecturers, skilled in both national sign language(s) and spoken/written language(s). Research on such deaf-led practices in higher education are lacking, and this study will contribute to a greater understanding of these practices. Drawing on ethnographically created data from a higher education setting in Sweden, this case study examines the use of different languages and modalities by three deaf lecturers when teaching deaf and hearing (signing) students in theoretic subjects. The analysis is based on video-recordings of the deaf lecturers during classroom activities at a basic university level in which Swedish Sign Language (SSL) is used as the primary language. The results illustrate how these deaf lecturers creatively use diverse semiotic resources in several modes when teaching deaf and hearing (signing) students, which creates practices of translanguaging. This is illustrated by classroom activities in which the deaf lecturers use different language and modal varieties, including sign languages SSL and ASL as well as Swedish, and English, along with PowerPoint and whiteboard notes. The characteristics of these multimodal-multilingual resources and the usage of them will be closely presented in this article.
Gold Open Access und Hybrid Open Access – Wege zur Transformation, Stakeholder, Herausforderungen
Authors: Kaier Christian , Ginther Clara
Published: November 2017

Um den angestrebten Wandel des wissenschaftlichen Kommunikationssystems zu Open Access herbeizuführen, haben Fördergeber, wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen und deren Bibliotheken eine breite Palette an Steuerungsmöglichkeiten, müssen aber gleichzeitig Wissenschaftler überzeugen und Verlage einbeziehen. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Vor- und Nachteile von zwei aktuell intensiv diskutierten Ansätzen, zeigt mögliche Synergien zwischen den unterschiedlichen Wegen zu Open Access auf und geht dabei auf die Bedürfnisse und Erwartungen der unterschiedlichen Stakeholder ein. Abschließend werden Herausforderungen einer Systemumstellung zu Open Access gerade auch in Hinblick auf die Rolle der Bibliotheken thematisiert.
Prevention of Diabetic Kidney Disease in the Light of Current Literature
Authors: Akar Harun , Taskiran Emin , Taskiran Dilek , Erbas Oytun
Published: November 2017

Diabetes is a rapidly growing problem of the community health. The resulting morbidity and mortality are responsible for the complications of diabetes. Nephropathy caused by diabetes often causes serious morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss the current approaches to prevent diabetic nephropathy based on the available literature evidence.
Monitoring of Renal Allograft Function with Different Equations: What are the Differences?
Authors: Bushljetikj Irena Rambabova , Selim Gjulsen , Taneva Olivera Stojcheva , Dohchev Sasho , Stankov Oliver , Stavridis Sotir , Saidi Skender , Dimitrovski Kocho , Ivanovska Beti Zafirova , Jukic Nikolina Basic , Spasovski Goce
Published: November 2017

Introduction. Monitoring of graft function by creatinine concentrations in serum and calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is recommended after kidney transplantation. KDIGO recommendations on the treatment of transplant patients advocate usage of one of the existing mathematical equations based on serum creatinine. We compared clinical application of three equations based on serum creatinine in monitoring the function of transplanted kidney. Methods. A total number of 55 adult patients who received their first renal allograft from living donors at our transplant center in between 2011-2014 were included into the study. Renal allograft GFR was estimated by the Cockroft-Gault, Nankivell and MDRD formula, and correlated with clinical parameters of donors and recipients. Results. The mean age of recipients was 35.7±9.5 (range 16-58), and the mean age of donors was 55.5±9.0 (34- 77) years. Out of this group of 55 transplant patients, 50(90.91%) were on hemodialysis (HD) prior to transplantation. HD treatment was shorter than 24 months in 37(74%) transplant patients. The calculated GFR with MDRD equation showed the highest mean value at 6 and 12 months (68.46±21.5; 68.39±24.6, respectively) and the lowest at 48 months (42.79±12.9). According to the Cockroft&Gault equation GFR was the highest at 12 months (88.91±24.9) and the lowest at 48 months (66.53±18.1 ml/min). The highest mean level (80.53±17.7) of the calculated GFR with the Nankivell equation was obtained at 12 months and the lowest (67.81±16.7 ml/min) at 48 months. The values of Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the calculated GFR and the MDRD at 2 years after transplantation according to donor’s age of r=-0.3224, correlation between GFR and the Cockfroft & Gault at 6 and 12 months and donor’s age (r=-0.2735 and r=-0.2818), and correlation between GFR and the Nankivell at 2 years and donor’s age of r=-0.2681, suggested a conclusion that calculated GFR was lower in recipients who had an older donors. Conclusion. Our analysis showed difference in the calculated GFR with different equations at the same time points. Using one mathematical equation during the total post-transplantation period would be a recommended method in order to eliminate the discrepancy in determining the stage of kidney failure.
Plasma Calcium Concentration Modifies the Blood Sodium During Hemodialysis: Lessons from Hard Water Syndrome
Authors: Viggiano Davide , Anastasio Pietro
Published: November 2017

Introduction. Extracellular sodium (Na+) concentration is maintained within a tight physiological range due to hormonal control, that mainly modulates thirst, Na+ and water renal excretion. Extra-renal regulation of Na+ and water homeostasis is only partially understood. Recently it has been debated whether the osmotically inactive Na+ storage is fixed or variable. Methods. In the present study, fourteen End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients treated by chronic hemodialysis underwent by accident to a sharp increase in plasmatic calcium (Ca+2) levels due to the failure of the water control system, leading to the so-called hard water syndrome. The levels of plasmatic Ca+2 after 1 hr of hemodialysis were correlated with urea, Na+, potassium (K+) and creatinine levels. Eleven ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis under similar conditions were used as controls. Results. The hard water syndrome resulted in hypercalcemia, while mean plasma levels of Na+, K+ and urea were not different compared to controls. Plasma creatinine levels were slightly but significantly higher that control. A correlation analysis on the measured variables has showed a positive correlation between plasma Ca+2 and Na+ levels (Pearson=0.428, p=0.032), and the absence of any correlation with K+, creatinine and urea concentration. Conclusions. Our study suggests that acute changes in plasmatic Ca+2 levels may affect Na+ concentration in the absence of renal function; it is possible that hypercalcemia may trigger Na+ release from the osmotically inactive storage. These data further support previous observations on the interplay of sodium and calcium at extrarenal sites.
International Security Presence in Kosovo and its Human Rights Implications
Authors: Istrefi Remzije
Published: November 2017

In this article I will examine the powers and activities of NATO-led Kosovo forces (KFOR) and their impact on human rights protection in Kosovo. Through this examination, I seek to answer the following questions: which KFOR actions affected the human rights of Kosovars? Does KFOR carry out responsibilities and abide by the obligations normally imposed upon nation-states? And is there a solution available when the alleged violator is KFOR? KFOR is responsible for carrying out military tasks and for ‘shouldering’ UNMIK and local security forces in some civilian peace-building tasks. In the course of the exercise of its mandate, there were alleged complaints of human rights violations by KFOR. The legal implications of these alleged complaints against KFOR (in)actions will also be discussed.
Mechanism and dynamics of INPP5E transport into and inside the ciliary compartment
Authors: Kösling Stefanie Kristine , Fansa Eyad Kalawy , Maffini Stefano , Wittinghofer Alfred
Published: November 2017

The inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase E (INPP5E) localizes to cilia. We showed that the carrier protein phosphodiesterase 6 delta subunit (PDE6δ) mediates the sorting of farnesylated INPP5E into cilia due to high affinity binding and release by the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-like protein Arl3·GTP. However, the dynamics of INPP5E transport into and inside the ciliary compartment are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the movement of INPP5E using live cell fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis. We show that PDE6δ and the dynein transport system are essential for ciliary sorting and entry of INPP5E. However, its innerciliary transport is regulated solely by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, independent from PDE6δ activity and INPP5E farnesylation. By contrast, movement of Arl3 into and within cilia occurs freely by diffusion and IFT-independently. The farnesylation defective INPP5E CaaX box mutant loses the exclusive ciliary localization. The accumulation of this mutant at centrioles after photobleaching suggests an affinity trap mechanism for ciliary entry, that in case of the wild type is overcome by the interaction with PDE6δ. Collectively, we postulate a three-step mechanism regulating ciliary localization of INPP5E, consisting of farnesylation- and PDE6δ-mediated targeting, INPP5E-PDE6δ complex diffusion into the cilium with transfer to the IFT system, and retention inside cilia.
On the stability of steady-states of a two-dimensional system of ferromagnetic nanowires
Authors: Dwivedi Sharad , Dubey Shruti
Published: November 2017

We investigate the stability features of steady-states of a two-dimensional system of ferromagnetic nanowires. We constitute a system with the finite number of nanowires arranged on the(e→1,e→2){(\vec{e}_{1},\vec{e}_{2})}plane, where(e→1,e→2,e→3){(\vec{e}_{1},\vec{e}_{2},\vec{e}_{3})}is the canonical basis ofℝ3{\mathbb{R}^{3}}. We consider two cases: in the first case, each nanowire is considered to be of infinite length, whereas in the second case, we deal with finite length nanowires to design the system. In both cases, we establish a sufficient condition under which these steady-states are shown to be exponentially stable.
Burnout and Depressive Symptomatology of the Employees in Institutions of Chronic Diseases
Authors: Brouskeli Vasiliki , Giakovis Eustathios , Loumakou Maria
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the research is twofold: a) to determine whether the employees in Greek Institutions of Chronic Diseases show burnout and depressive symptomatology and to connect them with sociodemographic characteristics and b)to investigate the relation between these two health factors. The participants completed a Greek version of Maslach's Burnout Inventory (MBI), a Greek version of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and a questionnaire regarding the socio-demographic characteristics. According to the results of the research, a significant percentage of participants show burnout and depressive symptomatology. The exhaustion was found to be associated with gender, age, employment and marital status. The scientific staff has less depressive symptoms than the auxiliaries. Finally, higher levels of burnout effect on higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Based on the results, it is necessary to make interventions on a preventive level as well as to deal with burnout problems and depression of employees on time. In conclusion, there is a need to conduct further researches that, among others, check the targeting and the effectiveness of interventions.
Policy Identification of the Working Capital Management of Medium-Sized Business
Authors: Herdinata Christian
Published: November 2017

Enterprises use working capital to meet the needs of the organizations in order to perform operational activities. Hence, in order to produce optimal results, companies require sufficient working capital. Medium-scale industries have great potential in driving the economy through output and employment. As such, the purpose of this research is to analyze the working capital management policy of mediumsized business. This research employs literature study method by compiling relevant literature on the research problems. The data analysis process of this research is divided into three stages: (1) data reduction, which includes summarizing, classifying main points, focusing on important facts, and finding patterns; (2) data display, which includes data compilation and systematic data presentation; and (3) conclusion drawing and verification, which presents the research conclusions on the problem statements. Research findings suggest that working capital policy is dependant upon loan term and interest rate, which means that longer loan period leads to higher interest. Long-term loan of working capital requires debtors to pay bigger interest than short-term loan, because creditors must take into consideration the risks of uncertain future. Companies with short cash conversion cycle suggest fast retrieval of accounts receivable, good inventory management, and slower payment to supplier while maintaining corporate credibility.
Examining Crowding Using a Real Three-Dimensional Experimental Setup
Authors: Eberhardt Lisa Valentina , Huckauf Anke
Published: November 2017

The phenomenon of impaired recognition of peripherally presented visual targets, when flanked by similar stimuli, is referred to as crowding. Studies in a two-dimensional space have shown that lateral distances are critical: the extent of crowding depends on eccentricity of the target stimulus and on the spacing between target and flanking stimuli. The question of whether also distances in depth affect crowding was until now usually investigated using virtual depth. However, virtual and real depth differ, for example with respect to the accommodation-vergence alignment and to effects of blur. Thus, we made an attempt to study crowding in real depth. In our experimental setup, real depth is implemented by two screens, observed via a semi-transparent mirror. Thus, moving the two screens along the line of sight allows simultaneous stimulus presentation with real depth differences. In a first validation study with 18 participants, a fixation cross was fixed in a depth of 190 cm. Single and flanked Landolt rings were presented in 2° of eccentricity in the same depth as fixation, or in front of (170 cm), or behind (215 cm) the fixation depth. Results concerning recognition performance show a similar extent of crowding for flanked targets presented in front of, or behind the fixation depth, and flanked targets in the fixation depth. But, concerning reaction time, the difference between isolated and flanked targets was reduced in defocused depths compared to the fixation depth. That is, reaction time toward flanked targets in the fixation depth was higher than in front of, or behind the fixation depth. With the experimental setup, crowding successfully was induced in different real depths. In further studies, the influence of target and flankers in divergent depths on crowding will be investigated.
Perception of Biological Motion in Central and Peripheral Visual Fields
Authors: Laicāne Ilze , Šķilters Jurģis , Lyakhovetskii Vsevolod , Zimaša Elīna , Krūmiņa Gunta
Published: November 2017

Studies analysing biological motion perception based on reduced number of dots have demonstrated that biological motion can be perceived even when only the lower part of the body is visible or when the number of dots representing the object is reduced. What is the minimal amount of information that enables biological motion to be distinguished from its scrambled version? The results of the current experiment demonstrate that biological motion can be distinguished from its scrambled version when the object is formed of approximately 5 (4.7 ± 0.1) dots. Additionally, we also investigated whether the threshold value for biological motion perception differs in central and peripheral visual fields. By using stimulus magnification, we demonstrate that the number of dots sufficient for biological motion perception is similar in the central visual field and near periphery. Hence, stimulus magnification can compensate for reduced task performance in the peripheral visual field. The current results suggest that reduced performance of biological motion perception in the peripheral visual field (as demonstrated in other studies) is due to difficulties with the global perception of biological motion.
Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity Depending from Keratoconus Apex Position
Authors: Līduma Sanita , Krūņmiņa Gunta
Published: November 2017

Various studies have demonstrated that patients with keratoconus have significant loss of contrast sensitivity while its value varies in different studies. None of these studies has analysed reduced contrast sensitivity depending on the position of apex of corneal conus. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were evaluated for patients with keratoconus using the FrACT software. Contrast sensitivity was assessed at the following frequencies: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 cycles per degree (cpd). Twenty-four eyes with keratoconus were analysed. Contrast sensitivity was significantly lower for patients with the apex at the centre compared with apex on the periphery both with (p = 0.0078) and without (p = 0.0078) spectacle correction. For patients with the apex at the centre, contrast sensitivity was significantly different with and without correction (0.02); however, there was no difference for patients with apex on the periphery (p = 0.06). The results showed that if the keratoconus apex is at the centre, then spectacle correction improves contrast sensitivity at lower spatial frequencies (1, 3, and 5 cpd), while it remains unchanged at medium and high spatial frequencies. If the keratoconus apex is on the periphery, spectacle correction does not improve contrast sensitivity.
Binocular Coordination in Reading When Changing Background Brightness
Authors: Köpsel Anne , Huckauf Anke
Published: November 2017

Contradicting results concerning binocular coordination in reading have been reported: Liversedge et al. (2006) reported a dominance of uncrossed fixations, whereas Nuthmann and Kliegl (2009) observed more crossed fixations in reading. Based on both earlier and continuing studies, we conducted a reading experiment involving varying brightness of background and font. Calibration was performed using Gabor patches presented on grey background. During the experimental session, text had to be read either on dark, bright, or grey background. The data corroborates former results that showed a predominance of uncrossed fixations when reading on dark background, as well as those showing a predominance of crossed fixations, when reading on bright background. Besides these systematic shifts, the new results show an increase in unsystematic variability when changing the overall brightness from calibration to test. The origins of the effects need to be clarified in future research.
Accommodative Amplitude in School-Age Children
Authors: Ikaunieks Gatis , Panke Karola , Segliņa Madara , Švede Aiga , Krūmiņa Gunta
Published: November 2017

In children, intensive near-work affects the accommodation system of the eye. Younger children, due to anatomical parameters, read at smaller distance than older children and we can expect that the accommodation system of younger can be affected more than that of older children. We wanted to test this hypothesis. Some authors showed that the norms of amplitude of accommodation (AA) developed by Hofstetter (1950) not always could be applied for children. We also wanted to verify these results. A total of 106 (age 7-15) children participated in the study. Distance visual acuity was measured for all children and only data of children with good visual acuity 1.0 or more (dec. units) were analysed (73 children). Accommodative amplitude was measured before and after lessons using subjective push-up technique (with RAF Near Point Ruler). The results showed that the amplitude of accommodation reduced significantly (p < 0.05) during the day and decrease of AA was similar in different age groups (about ~0.70 D). Additional measurements are needed to verify that the observed changes in AA were associated with fatigue effect. The results showed lower accommodation values compared to average values calculated according to the Hofstetter equation (p < 0.05).
Some questions about work, labour, agency and class in Jason Moore’s capitalist world-ecology
Authors: Bernstein Henry
Published: November 2017

This brief paper suggests some puzzles, lacunae and questions concerning four of the key terms in Jason Moore’s
“Unpaid work”: On the pitfalls of metaphorical redescription
Authors: Schlaudt Oliver
Published: November 2017

I am commenting on Moore's book from the perspective of philosophy of science, i. e. I concentrate on his conceptual framework and its formal features. There are two such features which will immediately attract the attention of any philosopher: first, the use of quotation marks, which I take to indicate that the author does not really wish (or dare, perhaps) to say what he actually says and, second, claims of necessity or counterfactual conditionals, which demand especially robust argumentation. These two features are directly related to each other: (1) Moore places the category of unpaid work, at least occasionally, in quotation marks; this concept is fundamental to his approach and he uses it in a much broader sense than is commonly done; and (2) he claims that capitalism depends necessarily on inputs of unpaid work. In my comment, I will discuss a number of conceptual problems linked to Moore's extension of the notion of unpaid work and will analyze the extent to which these problems affect his claim that capitalism is necessarily dependent on unpaid work.
Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen
Authors: Schmieder Falko
Published: November 2017

Die Denkfigur der Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen gehörte lange zum Standardrepertoire des historischen Selbstverständigungsdiskurses der Moderne. Sie fehlt in keinem größeren Entwurf einer Theorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft und es gibt wohl kaum eine geistes-, kultur- und sozialwissenschaftliche Disziplin, in der sie nicht zum Einsatz gelangt und in jeweils fachspezifischer Perspektive ausgearbeitet worden wäre.

Umso schärfer tritt vor diesem langen Traditionshintergrund die Wendung zur Kritik hervor, die sich an den Aufstieg postmodernen Denkens seit den 1980er Jahren knüpft. Um die Frage der Relevanz und Aktualität der Denkfigur der Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen angehen zu können, werden im ersten Teil in einem begriffs- und problemgeschichtlich orientierten Zugriff ihre historischen Dimensionen und Problemgehalte rekonstruiert. Das vorrangige Interesse ist die Darstellung des historischen Charakters und der inneren Historizität der Denkfigur sowie der Nachweis, dass ihre Entwicklung selbst durch die von ihr verhandelte Problematik der Ungleichzeitigkeit durchzogen und geprägt ist. Auf dieser Grundlage sollen dann im zweiten Teil die Argumente der Kritik und die in diesem Zusammenhang vorgeschlagenen Alternativen diskutiert und die Frage der Relevanz der Denkfigur erörtert werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Denkfigur unverzichtbar ist, um die mit der blinden Dynamik der modernen Gesellschaft unausweichlich verbundenen temporalen Konflikte und die historischen Dimensionen und Reservoirs der Archaik der Moderne zu bestimmen.
Deflection of Light Ray Due to a Charged Body Using Material Medium Approach
Authors: Roy Saswati , Sen A.K.
Published: November 2017

The gravitational deflection of light ray is an important prediction of general theory of relativity. In this paper we have developed an analytical expression of the deflection of light ray without any weak field approximation due to a charged gravitating body represented by Reissner-Nordström (RN) and Janis-Newman-Winicour (JNW) space-time geometry, using material medium approach. It is concluded that although both the geometries represent the charged, non-rotating, spherically symmetric gravitating body, the effect of charge on the gravitational deflection is just opposite to each other. The gravitational deflection decreases with charge in the RN geometry and increases with charge in the JNW geometry. The calculations obtained here are compared with other methods done by different authors. The formalism is applied to an arbitrarily selected gravitating body, as a test case and compared with the standard Schwarzschild geometry for comparison purposes.
Ab-Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Calculations of Spectroscopic Parameters in Hydrogen-Bonding Liquids in Confinement (Project 8)
Authors: Sebastiani Daniel
Published: November 2017

We investigate the effect of several nanoscale confinements on structural and dynamical properties of liquid water and binary aqueous mixtures. By means of molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory and atomistic force fields. Our main focus is on the dependence on the structure and the hydrogen-bonding-network of the liquids near the confinement interface at atomistic resolution. As a complementary aspect, spatially resolved profiles of the proton NMR chemical shift values are used to quantify the local strength of the hydrogen-bond-network.
Reforma Sanitária Brasileira e políticas farmacêuticas: uma análise dos fatos produzidos entre 2003 e 2014
Authors: Alencar Tatiane de Oliveira Silva , Paim Jairnilson Silva
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Estudo de caso cujo objetivo é analisar as políticas farmacêuticas do período de 2003 a 2014, tendo como referência a Reforma Sanitária Brasileira. As fontes de evidência foram documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas, e o processamento dos dados ocorreu mediante a técnica da análise de conteúdo temática. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em dois momentos (períodos Lula e Dilma) e a análise foi fundamentada na teoria marxista. Os resultados indicam que a instituição das políticas farmacêuticas foi favorecida pela participação de atores sociais vinculados ao movimento sanitário no âmbito do Estado, o que permitiu uma reestruturação dessa agenda, ainda que mediante conflitos.
Processo de trabalho em saúde na implementação da atenção especializada em saúde bucal no nível local
Authors: Rossi Thais Régis Aranha , Chaves Sônia Cristina Lima
Published: November 2017

RESUMO O presente estudo analisou o processo de trabalho na implementação da atenção especializada em saúde bucal em dois municípios da Bahia. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores, profissionais da assistência e funcionários do Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO); análise documental e observação participante. Os objetos de trabalho se mantiveram como atendimento a doentes. A percepção mais abrangente do objeto e a finalidade do serviço em coerência com o proposto nas diretrizes da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB) estiveram relacionadas com o serviço exitoso enquanto produto. As características da gestão influenciaram o processo de trabalho em saúde bucal na atenção especializada.
Crise social das instituições de ensino superior e a formação em saúde para o mercado
Authors: Santos Luis Rogério Cosme Silva , Sampaio Rubens Jesus
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Este artigo discute o produtivismo acadêmico em detrimento da atuação socialmente engajada de docentes universitários e seus reflexos na formação dos sujeitos. Tema oportuno em momento de grave crise política e institucional que ameaça a seguridade social e o direito à saúde no Brasil. Situação que convoca os atores sociais da educação e da saúde à reflexão sobre o papel da universidade para a cidadania e sobre o sentido social do que ela produz.
Maximum soil density of Entisols as a function of silt content
Authors: Broch Djulia Taís , Klein Vilson Antonio
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT: Degradation that occursin agricultural soils causes compaction.Soil density (DS) analysis has been reported to be an unreliable method of measuring the extent of soil compaction, because it varies with the soil granulometric composition and organic matter (OM)content. However, soil relative density (DR) is a good indicator that facilitates the measurement of the degree of compaction and thus, soil comparison and management techniques. Quotient between the DS and its maximum density (Dsmax) gives the DR. This study aimed to assess the effect of the granulometric composition on the physical-hydrological properties of the high-silt containing soils,under no tillage. Samples from disturbed and undisturbed structures of 18 soils were collected from the state of Rio Grandedo Sul following the no-tillage system. Once the granulometric size, OM content, soil density, maximum soil density and relative density were determined,the results indicated a drop in the Dsmax value when silt and MO were added;however, the addition of clay and clay-plus-silt revealed no significant effect. When the silt and MO content increased the soil density decreased. The DR, however, was not affected by either the granulometric composition or OM content. A difference was observed between the DR calculated from the determined Dsmax and that estimated by the Dsmax assessed based on the clay levels.Silt content was reported to exert a different influence on the physical-water properties of the silt soils than the clayey ones.
Alternatives to antibiotics in diets of weaned piglets
Authors: Ferreira Soraia Viana , Barbosa Lívia Maria dos Reis , Soares Marcos Henrique , Marcolla Camila Schultz , Holanda Débora Muratori , Saraiva Alysson
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of growth promoter additives an alternative to antibiotics on performance, intestinal morphology and on microbiota of 21-to-35-day-old piglets. A total of 160 commercial crossbred piglets (males and females) with initial weight of 6.10±0.709kg were allotted in a completely randomized design with five treatments: Basal diet - Negative Control (NC); Basal diet + antibiotic (PC); Basal diet + mannanoligosaccharides (MOS); Basal diet + organic acids (OA), Basal diet + mannanoligosacharides + organic acids (MOS+OA), eight replicates and four piglets per experimental unit. The inclusion of additives in the diets had no effect (P>0.05) on the final average weight of piglets. Similarly, no effects (P<0.05) were observed on average daily feed intake and on average daily weight gain. The feed conversion improved (P<0.01) with the inclusion of additives in the diets compared to piglets fed with the NC. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the dietary additives on intestinal morphology and microbiota composition (enterobacteria and lactobacilli). Use of antibiotics, prebiotics, organic acids or prebiotics associated with organic acids in the diet improves feed conversion of piglets from 21 to 35 days of age. The additives have no major effects on piglets’ intestinal morphology and microbiota.
A HERMENÊUTICA E O SOFTWARE ATLAS.TI: UNIÃO PROMISSORA
Authors: Forte Elaine Cristina Novatzki , Pires Denise Elvira Pires de , Trigo Salvato Vila Verde Pires , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever uma possibilidade de associação da análise hermenêutica, com base em Jürgen Habermas e Paul Ricoeur, com as principais funcionalidades do software Atlas.ti. Método: reflexão teórico-metodológica que tem como objetivo descrever uma possibilidade de associação da análise hermenêutica, com base em Jürgen Habermas e Paul Ricoeur, com as principais funcionalidades do software Atlas.ti. Resultados: o software se constitui numa importante ferramenta que facilita o armazenamento e análise dos dados, contribuindo com o desafio de prover qualidade e credibilidade em estudos qualitativos. O uso do software mostrou-se adequado para utilização em abordagens como a hermenêutica, economizando tempo e facilitando a organização e análise dos dados. Conclusão: o Atlas.ti tem um potencial significativo quando da sua utilização com abordagens compreensivas, como a hermenêutica, e os cuidados a serem considerados são os mesmos referentes a outras abordagens qualitativas.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O ITINERÁRIO DE PESQUISA DE PAULO FREIRE: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A SAÚDE
Authors: Heidemann Ivonete Terezinha Schülter Buss , Dalmolin Indiara Sartori , Rumor Pamela Camila Fernandes , Cypriano Camilla Costa , Costa Maria Fernanda Baeta Neves Alonso da , Durand Michelle Kuntz
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir acerca do itinerário de pesquisa de Paulo Freire como referencial teórico-metodológico desenvolvido no interior dos Círculos de Cultura e suas contribuições para a saúde. Método: o texto foi construído com suporte da práxis freireana, buscando refletir sobre seu método de trabalho, que ocorre em três fases dialéticas e interdisciplinares: investigação temática; codificação e descodificação; e desvelamento crítico. O itinerário de pesquisa valoriza as fontes culturais e históricas dos participantes, que podem ser desveladas nos Círculos de Cultura. Resultados: esse referencial está embasado em uma pedagogia crítico-social, que tem um compromisso ético de emancipação e libertação da sociedade para promover qualidade de vida. Para que isso ocorra há dois elementos que são fundamentais na sua filosofia: a conscientização e o diálogo. Esses refletem um verdadeiro exercício de transdisciplinaridade, especialmente na área da saúde, que tem suas práticas voltadas ao ser humano. Paulo Freire é um educador que se fundamenta em uma visão político-humanista, cujos principais conceitos são: diálogo, cultura, práxis, opressor/oprimido, emancipação e Círculo de Cultura. Conclusão: a práxis freireana reflete a realidade e intervêm sobre ela, teorizando-a não pedagogicamente e sim na sua dimensão política. Articula-se com a pesquisa qualitativa, buscando o desvelamento da realidade social.