bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Ekstrak Pogostemon cablin Benth terhadap Interleukin-6, Glukosa Darah, Hemoglobin dan Hematokrit pada Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Dietilnitrosamin
Authors: Atmaja Ratih Feraritra Danu , Yuniarty Tuty , Misbah Sitti Rachmi , Malik Handayani
Published: June 2024

Mortality and morbidity rates of hepatocellular carcinoma continue to rise worldwide. The role of inflammation, regulation of glucose metabolism, and anemia is widely studied concerning the development and life expectancy of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In several cancers, efforts to develop Pogostemon cablin benth plant potential drug candidates for hepatocellular carcinoma have been carried out at metabolomic, proteomic, and molecular levels. However, no studies have been found regarding the study of anti-inflammatory effects, metabolism, and anemic conditions of Pogostemon cablin benth intervention in hepatocellular carcinoma. This study is a pre-post experimental in-vivo study aimed at looking at the ability of Pogostemon cablin benth extract against interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory marker, blood glucose levels as a marker of metabolic regulation and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at as markers of anemia in hepatocellular carcinoma. A model of hepatocellular carcinoma was performed in 25 peritoneal-induced diethylnitrosamine-induced Wistar rats. The mice were divided into five groups, namely group 1 (K1), group 2 (K2), group 3 (K3), positive control (KP), and negative control (KN). Pogostemon cablin benth ethanol extract was administered orally to mice K1 40mg/kg body weight; K2:80mg/kg rat body weight; K3:120mg/kg body weight, while the positive control group was given Sorafenib. Interleukin-6 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunoassay principle, while glucose, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were measured using the enzymatic principle of glucose dehydrogenase-flavin adenine dinucleotide (GDH-FAD). The study showed no difference in blood glucose levels of mice between pre- and post-induction diethylnitrosamine. Induction of diethylnitrosamine obtained significantly led to a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels (15.54 g/dl ±1.28 vs. 14.31 g/dl ±1.11) and hematocrit (45.83% ±3.77 vs 42.20% ±3.25) levels between pre and post-induction. Mice in group 1 (K1) showed a significant increase in blood glucose levels between pre and post-oral Pogostemon cablin benth extract (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the treatment group between pre-intervention Pogostemon cablin benth extract. However, KN that did not receive Pogostemon cablin benth extract intervention significantly decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (p<0.01). Decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 occurred in K2 (p<0.05) after receiving oral Pogostemon cablin benth extract intervention. Based on this study, Pogostemon cablin benth extract may decrease IL-6 levels and is thought to influence hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in diethylnitrosamine-induced Wistar rats.
КРИЗОВИЙ ДИСКУРС У СМИСЛОВОМУ ВИМІРІ
Authors: Зарецька Ольга
Published: June 2024

У роботі досліджується смислове наповнення кризового дискурсу, що актуально з точки зору вивчення можливостей впливу на сприйняття і інтерпретацію текстів наративів реципієнтами. Аналіз проведено на матеріалах соціальних мереж, медіа і опитувань. Представлено фрагменти побудованої системи «кризових» смислів, зокрема, «негативної» і «ресурсної» лінійок. Окреслено напрямки подальшого опрацювання результатів.
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin Kendi Öğretim Süreçlerinde Kullandığı Yansıtıcı Düşünme Uygulamalarının Araştırılması
Authors: Kılıç Aygün
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin kendi öğretim süreçlerinde kullandığı yansıtıcı düşünme uygulamaları araştırılmıştır. Buna göre, araştırmada öğretmenlerin fen derslerini planlama, uygulama ve gözden geçirip değerlendirme süreçlerinde yansıtıcı düşünme uygulamalarını kullanıp kullanmadığı ve hangi tür yansıtıcı düşünme uygulamalarını kullandığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, öğretmenlerin bu öğretim süreçlerinde yansıtıcı düşünme uygulamalarını neden kullandığını ve hangi durumlar hakkında yansıtıcı düşündüklerini belirlemek de amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı ortaokullarda görev yapan 16 fen bilimleri öğretmeni gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim yaklaşımının kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak çeşitli sorulardan oluşan bir anket formundan yararlanılmış ve elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma bulgularına göre, çalışmaya katılan fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin kendi öğretim süreçlerinde uygulama üzerine yansıtma, uygulama sırasında yansıtma ve uygulama için yansıtma olmak üzere üç yansıtıcı düşünme uygulamasını kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin daha çok öğrenci öğrenmeleri, öğretim süreci ve öğrencinin sınıf içindeki tavır ve davranışları üzerinde yoğunlaştığı ve genellikle bu kapsamda değerlendirmeler yaptığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin daha çok öğrencilerin etkili-kalıcı fen öğrenmeleri gerçekleştirmesi, etkili bir fen öğretim süreci yürütme, öğrencilerin olumsuz davranışlarını kontrol altında tutma ve bir sonraki dersini planlı bir şekilde yürütme gibi nedenlerden dolayı bu yansıtıcı düşünme uygulamalarını kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın, öğretmenlerin yansıtıcı düşünme uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi çalışmalarına somut deliller sunması açısından birçok yönden literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Çalgı Çalışma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi: Ukulele Örneği
Authors: Yılmaz Hüseyin
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının bireysel çalgı çalışma alışkanlıklarının çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma betimsel tarama ve nedensel karşılaştırma modeli şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Kafkas Üniversitesi Dede Korkut Eğitim Fakültesi Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim döneminde müzik eğitimi alanında “ukulele” çalgı eğitimini alan öğrenciler (n=51) oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Bireysel Çalgı Çalışma Alışkanlıkları Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde kişisel bilgilerin analizi için yüzde (%) ve frekans (f) değerlerine bakılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde ikili karşılaştırmalı değişkenlerde Mann-Whitney U testi, ikiden fazla karşılaştırmalı değişkenlerde ise Kruskal Wallis H testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının bireysel çalgı çalışma alışkanlıklarının orta düzeyde olduğu ve çalışmaya değer verme, ilgi ve istek, çalışmaya hazırlık boyutu, zamanı doğru kullanma ve düzenli çalışma alt boyutlarında anlamlı olarak farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Fakat okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının bireysel çalgı çalışma alışkanlıkları diğer demografik özelliklere göre anlamlı olarak değişmediği belirlenmiştir.
A Brief History of Assessment Approaches in Translation
Authors: Vural Haldun
Published: June 2024

The goal of obtaining translation competency in translation education necessitates awareness of the entire process, from the generation of the source text to the assessment of the target text. Since the variety of the translation action necessitates a multidimensional assessment, this awareness is achieved by integrating the flexible and varied nature of translation with the field-based perspective. Within the context of literary texts and non-literary texts, the concretization of these characteristics in translation education is crucial. Different languages and civilizations can be translated into one another. Target texts are therefore assessed in various contexts, either directly or indirectly. The notion of assessment is, however, extremely broad. This can occasionally result in uncertainty and complication. Translation assessment ideas that are relevant to this diversity and inclusivity are also reflected in the act of translation. This study aims to track the translation of assessment and criticism notions. The multi-layered character of criticism and evaluation concepts is highlighted in this study as it examines terms like review, quality evaluation, criticism, and measurement assessment within the framework of theoretical viewpoints based on text type classifications.
Kırgızistan Silahlı Kuvvetlerindeki Subayların Performans Değerlendirmesi: NATO ve KGAÖ Ülkeleri ile Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Tolomushov Bekbolot , Ardıç Kadir
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kırgızistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri'nde görevli subayların performans değerleme sistemini Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Teşkilatı (NATO) ve Kollektif Güvenlik Anlaşması Örgütü (KGAÖ) ülkelerindeki subayların performans değerleme sistemlerini karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde inceleyip Kırgızistan Silahlı Kuvvetlerindeki Subay performans değerlemesine ilişkin bir öneride bulunmaktır. Bu çerçevede öncelikli olarak performans değerleme kavramsal açıdan ele alınmış daha sonra NATO üyesi 4 ve Rusya’nın liderliğindeki Kollektif Güvenlik anlaşması Örgütüne üye olan 3 ülkenin subay performans değerleme sistemleri incelenmiştir. Daha sonra Kırgızistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri'nde uygulanan performans değerleme sistemi incelenerek karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çağdaş performans değerlendirme prensipleri çerçevesinde ele alınan ülkelerdeki uygulamaların incelenmesi sonucunda, Kırgızistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri'nde etkili bir performans değerlendirme sistemi için neler yapılması gerektiği konusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Conceptual framework for platform design to support data markets
Authors:   CEMI RAS, Nevolin I.V.
Published: June 2024

The value of the data relates to the programs processing them. This intuitive consideration could be sup-ported by the formal grounds of an algorithmic approach to the definition of information. Proposed by Kolmogo-rov, this approach operates with information in terms of a program and a programming method that transform objects. This formalism suggests a natural way to increase the value of data by building a platform designed to connect datasets with the processing programs. The article describes a conceptual scheme of such a platform. Provided with software services for navigation through the datasets, pricing services and services to support price matching procedure the platform could facilitate data usage and influence their value.
Optimization of agent diversity: reflections, hypotheses, forecasts
Authors:   CEMI RAS, Grachev I. , Noack N.
Published: June 2024

The problem of compressing the diversity of assessments and actions of agents by modern versions of arti-ficial intelligence is recognized as potentially very dangerous by practical managers. In previous studies, using the quasi-Fisher representation of our probabilistic model of hybrid economic systems, the authors showed that these concerns are justified at least for agents symmetrical in deviations, such as producers of goods "worse than the market", "better than the market" in terms of cost, since they correspond to the Fisher theory of evolution. How-ever, examples, in particular from agriculture, show that asymmetric situations are not exotic and need special modeling, the results of which are presented in this paper. The first simulation results show that for this obviously asymmetric situation, it is advisable to control the compression of diversity in order to achieve optimal values synchronized with the variability of the environment. Within the framework of the general concept of studying the problem - the compression of AI diversity – this means the expediency of a differentiated attitude by industry.
Platform for developing stock trading strategies based on user-defined conditions
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Chernavin N.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the research of investment robo-advising and auto-trading platforms in the Russian market. The author analyzes the tariffs and functionalities of different platforms. Based on the conducted analy-sis, the author proposes new concepts and a working scheme for implementing robo-advising and auto-trading. The implementation of the author's proposals should allow reducing the cost of providing investment services and also expanding their functionality towards automatically generating trading strategies based on user-defined con- ditions. Within the proposed scheme, special attention is paid to such functionality based on the author's models of committee structures.
Uji Efektivitas Antihiperurisemia Kombinasi Infusa Daun Salam dan Daun Kemangi pada Mencit Putih Jantan (Mus Muscullus) yang Diinduksi Potassium Oksonat
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Sains dan Kesehatan,RS Dr. Soepraoen, Malang, Aprilianti Rakhmadani Gadis
Published: June 2024

Hiperurisemia merupakan suatu kondisi meningkatnya kadar asam urat atau uric acid pada darah. Hiperurisemia terjadi karena faktor penurunan ekskresi asam urat dari ginjal dan pembentukan asam urat yang berlebih. Kadar asam urat yang berlebih dapat dikurangi dengan mengkonsumsi antioksidan. Manusia tidak mempunyai banyak cadangan antioksidan dalam tubuhnya, sehingga tubuh memerlukan antioksidan eksogen apabila terpapar radikal bebas berlebih. Antioksidan eksogen dapat berupa antioksidan sintetik dan antioksidan alami. Salah satu sumber antioksidan alami yaitu Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Walp dan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah kombinasi ekstrak infusa daun kemangi dan daun salam dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat. Hasil penapisan fitokimia adanya senyawa flavonoid yang terdapat didalam kedua tanaman ini yang berpotensi sebagai antihiperurisemia karena flavonoid berperan sebagai inhibitor xantin oksidasi. Pada penelitian ini kombinasi ekstrak daun salam dan daun kemangi dosis 3, 5, dan 7g/kgBB terbukti memiliki efek yang sama dengan kontrol positif allopurinol 100mg/kgBB yaitu dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat, namun dosis yang dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat paling besar terdapat pada kombinasi ekstrak daun salam dan daun kemangi dosis 5g/kgBB.
Francisella sciaenopsi sp. nov. isolated from diseased red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in Florida, USA
Authors: Kawahara M , Cody TT , Yanong RPE , Henderson E , Yazdi Z , Soto E
Published: June 2024

Piscine francisellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting various fish species worldwide. Francisella orientalis, F. noatunensis, and F. salimarina (F. marina) have been reported as etiological agents of disease in fish. A Francisella sp. was isolated from several diseased red drum Sciaenops ocellatus experiencing morbidity in Florida, USA, in 2008. In this study, molecular and phenotypic characterization of the recovered isolate was conducted. Phenotypically, the isolate showed a biochemical reaction profile distinct from that of F. orientalis and F. salimarina. Although the 16S rRNA sequence of this isolate shared 99.61% identity to the type strain of F. philomiragia O#319LT, whole genome analysis (average nucleotide identity <95%; digital DNA-DNA hybridization <70%) and a multilocus sequence analysis of 8 concatenated housekeeping genes in comparison with other Francisella spp. indicated that this isolate was a novel Francisella species, more closely related to F. orientalis. Immersion, intracoelomic injection, and co-habitation challenges using a Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerling model of infection were done to investigate virulence in a piscine model. Variably pigmented granulomas and pigmented macrophage aggregates were observed in the kidneys and spleens of the challenged fish, but no mortality was recorded during the 15 d challenge period, suggesting that this novel Francisella sp. might be an opportunistic pathogen of fish. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic differences from other Francisella spp. observed in this study, we propose the name Francisella sciaenopsi sp. nov. for this novel isolate.
Small pelagic fish: new frontiers in ecological research
Authors: Peck MA , Catalán IA , Garrido S , Rykaczewski RR , Asch RG , McDowell JR , Hazen EL , Kaplan IC
Published: July 2024

Populations of small pelagic fish (SPF), such as sardines, anchovies and herrings, support some of the largest marine fisheries globally and are critical for trophic transfer in large marine ecosystems and food security, particularly in low- to medium-income countries. Marked changes in population size, shifts in distribution on multiple time scales, and impacts on their populations from other pressures (e.g. overfishing, climate change) pose large challenges to sustainably manage these resources to avoid the serious socioeconomic and ecological impacts of population collapses. The ecology and management of SPF was discussed in an international symposium in Lisbon, Portugal, attracting participants from 38 countries and 6 continents. This Theme Section includes 18 research contributions examining SPF from 6 different ecological regions alongside 3 global analyses. These studies, including a wide range of topics from parasitology, behavior and trophodynamics to growth and spawning, provide important new knowledge that will improve science-based advice and tools needed for sustainable, ecosystem-based management of these resources. This symposium was an important milestone for a global working group and sowed the seeds for continued, globally coordinated research efforts on the role of SPF in complex socio-ecological systems.
Effect of Ni-P Coating Layer on the Solidification Cracking of Cu-Steel Dissimilar Welds for Li-Ion Battery Pack Manufacturing
Authors: Park Jae-Hyeon , Kim Myung-Jin , Kang Heeshin , Chun Eun-Joon
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effect of a Ni-P coating layer on the solidification cracking behavior of Cu–mild steel dissimilar welds during the manufacturing of cylindrical Li-ion battery packs for electric vehicles. Four Cu plates were prepared and characterized: uncoated Cu and three levels (12, 50, and 100 μm) of Ni–P-coated Cu. The welding experiments used a single-mode fiber laser (2 kW) at extremely low heat input (1.82 J/mm) and high welding speed (1100 mm/s). Three laser beam patterns were used: linear, spiral, and wobble+spiral. Solidification cracking was detected for the Cu–Steel dissimilar welds for all the laser beam patterns on the uncoated Cu and the 50 and 100 μm Ni–P-coated Cu materials. Conversely, the dissimilar welds using 12 μm of Ni–P-coated Cu considerably suppressed solidification cracking behavior. Similarly, the welds with suppressed solidification cracking (using 12 μm of Ni–P-coated Cu) exhibited superior mechanical properties under the laser beam pattern. The weakest mechanical properties were confirmed for the welds using 100 μm of Ni–P-coated Cu. The solidification cracking and mechanical properties were highly dependent on the weld solidification of Ni and P. The suppression of solidification cracking in the welds using 12 μm of Ni–P coated Cu was attributed to the reduction in the weld mushy zone temperature range, due to the mixing of Ni, which reduced the solidification segregation of Cu. In contrast, the severe solidification cracking for the welds using 50 and 100 μm of Ni–P-coated Cu was estimated to result from the increased amount of incorporated P, which expands the weld mushy zone range.
Solidification Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi and Sn-0.75Cu-0.065Ni-1.5Bi Solder Alloys, and Microstructures in Joints Formed Using Them
Authors: Lee Hye-Min , Moon Jung Tak , Lee Young-Woo , Kim Hui Joong , Lee Seul Gi , Lee Joug-Hyun
Published: June 2024

To form excellent solder joints in both thermal cycling and drop tests, Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi and Sn-0.75Cu-0.065Ni-1.5Bi composition solder balls were developed. In this study, undercooling and solidification characteristics of the alloys, resulting microstructural changes, the solid solution effect of Bi, physical properties, and interfacial reaction properties were investigated and compared with existing solder compositions of SAC305 and SAC1205N. The Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi and Sn-0.75Cu-0.065Ni-1.5Bi solders were found to have large undercooling of 38.36 ℃ and 33.38 ℃, respectively. As a result, the Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi solder ball had the smallest average size of Sn grains, and the eutectic structures between Sn grains formed relatively small areas and were observed to solidify into fine and uniform structures. Consequently, the total area of the β-Sn phase decreased, while the total area of the eutectic structure relatively increased. Using XRD and STEM analysis, we observed that the addition of a small amount of Bi resulted in a solid solution of the β-Sn phase, which increased the interplanar spacing of certain crystal planes, and contributed to the improvement in mechanical properties such as the hardness of the β-Sn phase. When using the Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi solder ball, the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the bottom Cu pad interface of the solder joint was relatively thin from right after reflow soldering and maintained a thin thickness throughout the thermal cycling test. The growth suppression property of the IMC layer by Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi composition was also confirmed in cases where the paste of this composition was applied to the existing solder ball.
Investigation on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Al Foam Manufactured by Spark Plasma Sintering and Compression Molding Methods
Authors: Choi Seunghyeok , Lee Sang-Hwa , Jung Jae-Gil , Lee Seok-Jae , Ahn Tae-Young , Choi Yu-Song , Son Seung Bae
Published: June 2024

Metal foam materials are used for various purposes including electrode materials, catalyst filters, and gas diffusion filters due to their porous structure. Increasing demand for metal foams has generated research to increase porosity as well as produce different pore sizes. The present paper illustrates a comparison of open-cell aluminum foams prepared using the space holder technique. The Al foams were fabricated by two different methods: spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the compression molding (CM) method. The effect of the content of sodium chloride particles, used as the space holder, as well as manufacturing technologies on the Al foam structure and their mechanical properties were investigated. The morphology and structure of the obtained Al foams were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (CT). Compressive testing was performed to investigate mechanical properties. The porosity of the SPS Al foam sample was 61-74%, and was 60-72% for the CM sample. The compressive strength and Young’s modulus were 1.40 MPa, 1.41×10-2 GPa for the SPS sample and 0.9 MPa, 1.33×10-2 GPa for the CM sample, respectively. The space holder technique is a promising technique for fabricating metal foam materials for cathode current collectors in lithium-ion batteries applications.
Theoretical Maximum Thermoelectric Performance of Cu-doped and Electric Current Pulse-treated Bi-Sb-Te Alloys
Authors: Lee Joonha , Park Hyunjin , Kim Junsu , Seo Won-Seon , Kim Sang-il , Kim Hyun-Sik
Published: June 2024

Bi2Te3 shows high thermoelectric performance near room temperature, making it the most widely used material in thermoelectric cooling applications. Cu doping has been found to be effective in improving the thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3. However, due to the problem of easy migration of Cu ions, the stability of Cu-doped Bi2Te3 is always an issue, and therefore worth exploring. This study utilizes the Single Parabolic Band (SPB) model to analyze the electronic transport properties of CuxBi0.3Sb1.7-xTe3. We investigate how electronic band parameters (effective mass, non-degenerate mobility, weighted mobility, and B-factor) evolve with increasing Cu content (x). Additionally, the influence of electric current pulse (ECP) treatment is examined. Experimentally, the zT of x = 0.001 was higher than x = 0.0025 samples near room temperature. However, the SPB model predicts that due the higher B-factor of the x = 0.0025 sample, its theoretical maximum zT can be as high as ~1.48 at 350 K. Based on literature data on thermoelectric transport properties in the x = 0.001 sample after the ECP treatment, the impact of the ECP treatment on the electronic band parameters and the lattice thermal conductivity of the x = 0.0025 sample is estimated. ECP treatment slightly reduces electrical performance below 350 K, but it significantly suppresses the lattice thermal conductivity, ultimately leading to an enhanced zT. The predicted maximum zT reaches ~1.54 at 300 K.
Microstructure and Texture Evolution in Thermomechanically Processed FCC Metals and Alloys: a Review
Authors: Gupta Aman , Kumar Ranjeet , Kaushik Lalit , Shukla Sourabh , Tandon Vipin , Choi Shi-Hoon
Published: June 2024

The stacking fault energy (SFE) of face-centered cubic (FCC) alloys is a critical parameter that controls microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution during deformation and annealing treatments. This review focuses on several FCC alloys, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), austenitic stainless steels (ASSs), and high entropy alloys (HEAs), all of which exhibit varying SFEs. These alloys are often subjected to thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) to enhance their mechanical properties. TMP leads to the evolution of deformation-induced products, such as shear bands (SBs), strain-induced martensite (SIM), and mechanical/deformation twins (DTs) during plastic deformation, while also influencing crystallographic texture. High-medium SFE materials, such as Al and Cu, typically exhibit the evolution of Copper-type texture during room temperature rolling (RTR), while low SFE materials, such as ASSs and HEAs, display Brass-type texture at high reduction ratios. Moreover, the presence of second-phase particles/precipitates can also impact the microstructure and texture evolution in Al and Cu alloys. Particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) during the annealing treatment has been reported for Al, Cu, ASSs, and HEAs, which causes texture weakening. Another interesting observation in severely deformed Cu alloys is the room-temperature softening phenomenon, which is discussed in the reviewed work. Additionally, plastic deformation and heat treatment of ASSs result in phase transformation, which was not observed in Al, Cu, or HEAs. Furthermore, the dependence of special boundaries in HEAs on plastic deformation temperature, strain rate, and annealing temperature is also discussed. Thus, this review comprehensively reports on the impact of TMP on microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution during plastic deformation and the annealing treatment of Al, Cu, ASSs, and HEAs FCC materials, using results obtained from electron microscopy.
RESPONS PEMBERIAN JUS SAWI (Brassica rapa) TERHADAP HEMATOLOGI DAN KADAR ASAM URAT DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Ratus norwegicus)
Authors: Triastinurmiatiningsih . , Moerfiah . , Faisal Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This research is motivated by the fact that the mineral calcium is needed by the body for functional operations and bone health. Calcium needs for body operations include the formation of red blood cells. If blood cell formation is disrupted, it will cause anemia, which can lead to a calcium deficit that can lead to bone loss or what is known as osteoporosis. One of the plants that contain high calcium is mustard greens. The contents of mustard greens include protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron (Fe), vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C. However, green leafy plants such as mustard greens are thought to cause an increase in uric acid in the blood. In this research, mustard juice will be given as calcium intake to fulfill body operations, namely hematocrit levels and hemoglobin levels and blood uric acid levels. 18 white rats are grouped as follows: Group 1 with 4 mL/200g BW, group II 8 mL/ 200g and group III negative control treatment, each treatment was repeated 6 times, for 15 days. This research was designed using a 3x4 Factorial Completely Randomized Design, analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's Test. The results obtained were that 8 mL/200G BW mustard juice could increase hemoglobin levels and did not increase uric acid levels.
Technique of Government Digital Auditing
Authors: Antipova Tatiana
Published: June 2024

The actions that must be taken to consider government digital auditing, given that we all function in the conditions of the “World Wide Web” (www). The use of www reality is essential for the functioning of government digital auditing. It enables the search for ways to solve the challenges of the rational use of budgetary resources and to optimise budgetary relations in a government. This article is about the benefits, challenges and technique of government digital auditing that intended to safeguard public interest and preserve government assets. The goal of this article is to provide a clear and concise representation of the main blocks of the technique for Government Digital Auditing. This technique is based on Author’s insights and practical experience as a government auditor, Chief of accountants, Professor of Accounting and Auditing.
Maximum-scoring path sets on pangenome graphs of constant treewidth
Authors: Brejová Broňa , Gagie Travis , Herencsárová Eva , Vinař Tomáš
Published: July 2024

We generalize a problem of finding maximum-scoring segment sets, previously studied by Csűrös (IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 2004, 1, 139–150), from sequences to graphs. Namely, given a vertex-weighted graph G and a non-negative startup penalty c, we can find a set of vertex-disjoint paths in G with maximum total score when each path’s score is its vertices’ total weight minus c. We call this new problem maximum-scoring path sets (MSPS). We present an algorithm that has a linear-time complexity for graphs with a constant treewidth. Generalization from sequences to graphs allows the algorithm to be used on pangenome graphs representing several related genomes and can be seen as a common abstraction for several biological problems on pangenomes, including searching for CpG islands, ChIP-seq data analysis, analysis of region enrichment for functional elements, or simple chaining problems.
Exploring the role of endogenous retroviruses in seasonal reproductive cycles: a case study of the ERV-V envelope gene in mink
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Wang Gaofeng , Zhu Yanzhu , Cao Xiaodong , Liu Fang , Li Huiping , Liu Shuying
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which originated from exogenous retroviral infections of germline cells millions of years ago and were inherited by subsequent generations as per Mendelian inheritance patterns, predominantly comprise non-protein-coding sequences due to the accumulation of mutations, insertions, deletions, and truncations. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed that ERVs play a crucial role in diverse biological processes by encoding various proteins.

Methods

In this study, we successfully identified an ERV envelope (env) gene in a mink species. A phylogenetic tree of mink ERV-V env and reference sequences was constructed using Bayesian methods and maximum-likelihood inference.

Results

Phylogenetic analyses indicated a significant degree of sequence conservation and positive selection within the env-surface open reading frame. Additionally, qRT-PCR revealed diverse patterns of mink ERV-V env expression in various tissues. The expression of mink ERV-V env gene in testicular tissue strongly correlated with the seasonal reproductive cycles of minks.

Discussion

Our study suggests that the ERV-V env gene in mink may have been repurposed for host functions.
Random kernel k-nearest neighbors regression
Authors: Srisuradetchai Patchanok , Suksrikran Korn
Published: July 2024

The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) regression method, known for its nonparametric nature, is highly valued for its simplicity and its effectiveness in handling complex structured data, particularly in big data contexts. However, this method is susceptible to overfitting and fit discontinuity, which present significant challenges. This paper introduces the random kernel k-nearest neighbors (RK-KNN) regression as a novel approach that is well-suited for big data applications. It integrates kernel smoothing with bootstrap sampling to enhance prediction accuracy and the robustness of the model. This method aggregates multiple predictions using random sampling from the training dataset and selects subsets of input variables for kernel KNN (K-KNN). A comprehensive evaluation of RK-KNN on 15 diverse datasets, employing various kernel functions including Gaussian and Epanechnikov, demonstrates its superior performance. When compared to standard KNN and the random KNN (R-KNN) models, it significantly reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error, as well as improving R-squared values. The RK-KNN variant that employs a specific kernel function yielding the lowest RMSE will be benchmarked against state-of-the-art methods, including support vector regression, artificial neural networks, and random forests.
Active tectonic evolution of two adjoining thrust sheets in the Indo-Myanmar fold-thrust belt, Northeast India
Authors: Kshetrimayum Alexander S. , Goswami Pradeep K. , Chang Chung-Pai , Chang Wu-Lung , Joshi Lalit Mohan
Published: July 2024

The active tectonic aspects of the Indo-Myanmar Range (IMR) have not yet been studied in detail in spite of the fact that it’s seismically active. In the present study qualitative and quantitative geomorphic analyses have been carried out to understand the active tectonic evolution of Nungba, and Barak-Makru thrust sheets (NBTS and BMTS) in the central part of IMR. The focus of the study is on understanding the active spatial growth pattern of adjacent thrust sheets in an evolving mountain range and providing baseline data for further detailed seismotectonic and seismic hazard vulnerability analyses. Drainage characteristics, disposition of landforms and statistical analyses of Normalized Steepness Index (ksn), Hypsometric Integral (HI) and Transverse Topography Symmetry Factor (T), computed for a total of 164 4th-order drainage basins, reveal that both of these adjoining thrust sheets are actively uplifting. Higher values of ksn (mode = 111) and HI (mode = 0.46) in NBTS suggest its faster uplift than the BMTS, which has comparatively lower values of ksn (mode = 56) and HI (mode = 0.43). Moreover, the northern parts of the both the thrust sheets are uplifting faster than their southern parts due to along-strike variations in the movement on their basal thrusts, as a result of which the NBTS has been south-southeastwardly down-tilting and the BMTS is south-southwestwardly down-tilting. The study reveals that both the adjacently lying NBTS and BMTS have almost the same spatial growth patterns that are mainly controlled by the movements on their basal thrusts.
Primary school learners with characteristics of dyslexia: auto-ethnographic approach to the effectiveness of the screening, identification, assessment, and support policy in South Africa
Authors: Kgatse Karabo Moses , Khanare Fumane , Adewuyi Habeeb Omoponle
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The implementation of the Screening Identification Assessment and Support (SIAS) policy has been ongoing for almost a decade to provide care and support to all learners, including those with neurodevelopmental challenges such as dyslexia. Despite these efforts, many primary school learners continue to experience barriers to learning associated with dyslexia. This phenomenon is of great concern in rural communities where dyslexia is generally ignored and misunderstood. On the other hand, there is a lack of research investigating the effectiveness of the SIAS policy in supporting learners with dyslexia. Existing studies often focus on dyslexia and the SIAS policy in isolation.

Methods

The ‘qualitative research’ approach was adopted. Autoethnography was employed as the study’s design, positioned within the interpretivism paradigm to investigate the effectiveness of the SIAS policy in supporting learners with dyslexia characteristics in Tlokweng village. The sample consists of (5) participants and Critical reflection and auto-interviewing methods were used to generate data, which was thematically analysed. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory was used to understand the interaction between learners, their environment, and the SIAS policy.

Results and discussion

The findings suggest that the SIAS policy is ineffective in its screening process. Also, learners’ perceptions indicate a gap in teachers’ readiness to address learning barriers associated with the characteristics of dyslexia. Lastly, there is a need for continuous monitoring of the SIAS implementation.
Decoding connections in the European population: serum uric acid, sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, estradiol, and female infertility – advanced bidirectional and mediative Mendelian randomization
Authors: Tan Zilong , Shen Jianwu , Huang Yuxiao , Li Junru , Ding Mengdi , Sun Aochuan , Hong Jing , Yang Yan , He Sheng , Zhu Xueying , Luo Ran
Published: June 2024

Background

Despite observational links between serum uric acid (SUA), sex hormone-related phenotypes, and female infertility, the causality behind these associations remains uncertain.

Objective

This study utilizes Bidirectional Two-Sample and Mediation Mendelian Randomization to explore the causal relationships and mediation effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (TT), and estradiol on these associations.

Methods

We analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SUA and sex hormone levels using data from large-scale GWAS of European populations. Female infertility data were sourced from 6,481 cases and 75,450 controls in the FinnGen Consortium. We employed methods including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median, and MR-Egger regression to assess causality.

Results

We found that elevated SUA levels causally increase the risk of female infertility (IVW OR: 1.13, P=0.047). Elevated SUA levels significantly decrease SHBG levels (β=-0.261; P=2.177e-04), with SHBG mediating 27.93% of the effect of SUA on infertility (OR=0.854; 95%CI, 0.793–0.920; P=2.853e-05). Additionally, elevated TT levels, which were associated with decreased SUA levels (β=-0.127), showed an indirect effect on infertility mediated by SUA (β=-0.0187; 95% CI, -0.041 to -0.003; P=0.046).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate causal links between high SUA and increased risk of female infertility mediated by hormonal factors such as SHBG and TT. These insights suggest new avenues for infertility treatment and highlight the need for further research into these mechanisms.
Nutritional and exercise interventions to improve conception in women suffering from obesity and distinct nosological entities
Authors: Gitsi Evdoxia , Livadas Sarantis , Argyrakopoulou Georgia
Published: June 2024

Infertility among women, particularly those living with obesity, presents a multifaceted challenge with implications for reproductive health worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, mainly focusing on weight loss, have emerged as promising strategies to improve fertility outcomes in this population. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of various lifestyle interventions, encompassing dietary modifications and exercise regimens, in enhancing fertility outcomes among women with obesity and associated conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, premenopause, hypothyroidism and eating disorders. Methodology of study search encompass a broad spectrum, ranging from interventions targeting weight management through slow or rapid weight loss to dietary approaches emphasizing whole food groups, specific nutrients, and dietary patterns like low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets, as well as the Mediterranean diet. By synthesizing existing findings and recommendations, this review contributes to the understanding of lifestyle interventions in addressing infertility, with an emphasis on the population of women of reproductive age with excess weight and known or unknown infertility issues, while promoting their integration into clinical practice to optimize reproductive health and overall well-being.
A new method for identifying key fossil species in the Miocene Calcareous Nannofossil Zone: insights from deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhang He , Yu Chonghan , Jiang Zhenglong , Zhao Xuqian
Published: June 2024

Background

Calcareous nannofossils are minute microfossils widely present in marine strata. Their identification holds significant value in studies related to stratigraphic dating, paleo-environmental evolution, and paleoclimate reconstruction. However, the process of identifying these fossils is time consuming, and the discrepancies between the results obtained from different manual identification methods are substantial, hindering quantification efforts. Therefore, it is necessary to explore automated assisted identification of fossil species. This study mainly focused on 18 key fossil species from the Miocene era. Five convolutional neural network (CNN) models and 10 data augmentation techniques were compared. These models and techniques were employed to analyze and collectively train two- and three-dimensional fossil morphologies and structures obtained from three different fossils observed under single-polarized light microscopy, orthogonal polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the model performance was evaluated based on the predictive outcomes on the test set, using metrics such as confusion matrix and top-k accuracy.

Result

The results indicate that, for the calcareous nannofossil images, the most effective data augmentation approach is a combination of four methods: random rotation, random mirroring, random brightness, and gamma correction. Among the CNN models, DenseNet121 exhibits the optimal performance, achieving an identification accuracy of 94.56%. Moreover, this model can distinguish other fossils beyond the 18 key fossil species and non-fossil debris. Based on the confusion matrix, the evaluation results reveal that the model has strong generalization capability and outputs highly credible identification results.

Conclusion

Drawing on the identification results from CNN, this study asserts a robust correlation among extinction photographs, planar images, and stereoscopic morphological images of fossil species. Collective training facilitates the joint extraction and analysis of fossil features under different imaging methods. CNN demonstrates many advantages in the identification of calcareous nannofossils, offering convenience to researchers in various fields, such as stratigraphy, paleo-ecology, paleoclimate, and paleo-environments of ancient oceans. It has great potential for advancing the development of marine surveys and stratigraphic recognition processes in the future.
Modulation of cardiac resident macrophages immunometabolism upon high-fat-diet feeding in mice
Authors: Zhu Simeng , Liu Yujia , Xia Guofang , Wang Xiaoqing , Du Ailian , Wu Jin , Wang Yanpeng , Wang Yuanlong , Shen Chengxing , Wei Peng , Xu Congfeng
Published: June 2024

Background

A high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to various metabolic disorders and obesity, which are major contributors to cardiovascular disease. As an essential regulator for heart homeostasis, cardiac resident macrophages may go awry and contribute to cardiac pathophysiology upon HFD. Thus, to better understand how HFD induced cardiac dysfunction, this study intends to explore the transcriptional and functional changes in cardiac resident macrophages of HFD mice.

Methods

C57BL/6J female mice that were 6 weeks old were fed with HFD or normal chow diet (NCD) for 16 weeks. After an evaluation of cardiac functions by echocardiography, mouse hearts were harvested and cardiac resident CCR2- macrophages were sorted, followed by Smart sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis including GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses were employed to elucidate transcriptional and functional changes.

Results

Hyperlipidemia and obesity were observed easily upon HFD. The mouse hearts also displayed more severe fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in HFD mice. Smart sequencing and functional analysis revealed metabolic dysfunctions, especially lipid-related genes and pathways. Besides this, antigen-presentation-related gene such as Ctsf and inflammation, particularly for NF-κB signaling and complement cascades, underwent drastic changes in cardiac resident macrophages. GO cellular compartment analysis was also performed and showed specific organelle enrichment trends of the involved genes.

Conclusion

Dysregulated metabolism intertwines with inflammation in cardiac resident macrophages upon HFD feeding in mice, and further research on crosstalk among organelles could shed more light on potential mechanisms.
Bidirectional regulation mechanism of TRPM2 channel: role in oxidative stress, inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Huang Peng , Qu Chaoyi , Rao Zhijian , Wu Dongzhe , Zhao Jiexiu
Published: June 2024

Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a non-selective cation channel that exhibits Ca2+ permeability. The TRPM2 channel is expressed in various tissues and cells and can be activated by multiple factors, including endogenous ligands, Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and temperature. This article reviews the multiple roles of the TRPM2 channel in physiological and pathological processes, particularly on oxidative stress, inflammation and ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. In oxidative stress, the excessive influx of Ca2+ caused by the activation of the TRPM2 channel may exacerbate cellular damage. However, under specific conditions, activating the TRPM2 channel can have a protective effect on cells. In inflammation, the activation of the TRPM2 channel may not only promote inflammatory response but also inhibit inflammation by regulating ROS production and bactericidal ability of macrophages and neutrophils. In I/R, the activation of the TRPM2 channel may worsen I/R injury to various organs, including the brain, heart, kidney and liver. However, activating the TRPM2 channel may protect the myocardium from I/R injury by regulating calcium influx and phosphorylating proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2). A thorough investigation of the bidirectional role and regulatory mechanism of the TRPM2 channel in these physiological and pathological processes will aid in identifying new targets and strategies for treatment of related diseases.
AGBL4 promotes malignant progression of glioblastoma via modulation of MMP-1 and inflammatory pathways
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Cheng Lilin , Su Yandong , Qian Zhongrun , Wang Zhen , Chen Chao , Li Rong , Zhang Aikang , He Jiawei , Mao Jiangxin , Wang Hongxiang , Chen Juxiang
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is notorious for its aggressive growth and dismal prognosis. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of GBM, particularly focusing on the role of AGBL4 and its connection to inflammatory pathways, to discover viable therapeutic targets.

Methods

Single-cell sequencing was utilized to examine the expression levels of AGBL4 and functional assays were performed to assess the effects of AGBL4 modulation.

Results

Our findings identified the significant upregulation of AGBL4 in GBM, which correlated with adverse clinical outcomes. Functional assays demonstrated that AGBL4 knockdown inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and influenced inflammatory response pathways, while AGBL4 overexpression promoted these activities. Further investigation revealed that AGBL4 exerted its oncogenic effects through modulation of MMP-1, establishing a novel regulatory axis critical for GBM progression and inflammation.

Discussion

Both AGBL4 and MMP-1 may be pivotal molecular targets, offering new avenues for targeted therapy in GBM management.