bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Melamine Trisulfonic Acid: A New, Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones in the Absence of Solvent.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Albadi Jalal
Published: May 2011

The novel method is advantageous with regards to high yields, short reaction times and easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Utility of a Heterocyclic o‐Aminoaldehyde: Synthesis of Pyrazolopyridopyrimidines, Pyrazolonaphthyridines, and Pyrazolopyrimidonaphthyridinones.
Authors: Bagul Sandeep M. , Birari Dilip R. , Ghagare Maruti G. , Toche Raghunath B. , Jachak Madhukar N.
Published: May 2011

A variety of novel pyrazolo‐annulated heterocycles are synthesized by Friedlaender condensation reactions of o‐aminoaldehyde (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of a New Series of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazolines.
Authors: Atta Kamal F. M. , Marei Mohamed G. , Mohamed Fatma A. M.
Published: May 2011

A variety of triazoloquinazoline derivatives bearing various mono‐ or fused heterocyclic azole moieties is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Novel Thiazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐ones.
Authors: Liang Ying , He Hong‐Wu , Yang Zi‐Wen
Published: May 2011

Title compounds of type (VI) (16 examples) are prepared via a tandem aza‐Wittig reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1H‐1,5,7‐Triazacyclopenta[c,d]phenalenes by the Electrophilic Amination of Perimidines Using Sodium Azide in PPA.
Authors: Aksenov A. V. , Kyakhovnenko A. S. , Andrienko A. V.
Published: May 2011

The feasibility of the peri‐annelation of the pyrrole ring to obtain perimidines by means of electrophilic amination using sodium azide in PPA is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of Pyrrolopiperazinone Natural Products by Tandem Cross Metathesis/Intramolecular Aza‐Conjugate Addition.
Authors: Kwon Su‐Hyun , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Cho Chang‐Woo
Published: May 2011

The tandem cross metathesis and intramolecular aza‐conjugate addition reactions of amide (III) with acrolein lead to a mixture of diastereomers (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Aminomethylation via Cyclopalladated‐Ferrocenylimine‐Complexes‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Halides with Potassium N,N‐Dialkylaminomethyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Zou Dapeng , Cui Hongmeng , Qin Lijin , Li Jingya , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng
Published: May 2011

FER‐XPhos is found to be the most active catalyst for the title process to provide aminomethylated arenes in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen‐Directed Ketone Hydroacylation: Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzoxazecinones.
Authors: Khan Hasan A. , Kou Kevin G. M. , Dong Vy M.
Published: May 2011

Catalytic lactonization furnishes chiral benzoxazepinones (II) and benzoxazecinones (IV) in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Preparation of Hydroxylated Potassium Organotrifluoroborates and Subsequent Jones Oxidation to Potassium Organocarbonyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Kim Dong‐Su , Bolla Krishnavenu , Lee Seokjoon , Ham Jungyeob
Published: May 2011

Dibromobenzenes (I) or (VII) and a range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are sequentially transformed into alcohol‐containing organotrifluoroborates via lithium—halogen exchange reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Silylcarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Shtelman Alex V. , Becker James Y.
Published: May 2011

The lithium enolate salt derived from silyl acetate (I) readily undergoes C‐silylation to give the desired silylcarboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic β‐Silylenones via Oxidative Rearrangement of Tertiary α‐Hydroxy Allylsilanes with PCC.
Authors: Wu Xia , Lei Jian , Song Zhen Lei
Published: May 2011

The reaction provides six‐membered cyclic β‐silylenones (II) in moderate yields, whereas the five‐membered product (IV) is achieved in excellent yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α‐Fluorovinylphosphonates from α,α‐Difluorophosphonates.
Authors: Cherkupally Prabhakar , Slazhnev Anton , Beier Petr
Published: May 2011

Phosphonates of type (I) and (III) undergo elimination of HF to provide the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Chloride‐Tandem Catalysis for a One‐Pot Regioselective Protection of Glycopyranosides.
Authors: Bourdreux Yann , Lemetais Aurelie , Urban Dominique , Beau Jean‐Marie
Published: May 2011

The successful introduction of orthogonal protecting groups into glucose, maltose, and trehalose derivatives is elaborated using the iron‐catalyzed tandem reductive etherification—acetylation of persilylated carbohydrates with benzaldehyde in the presence of triethylsilane.
ChemInform Abstract: In vitro and in vivo Antimalarial Activity of Puberulic Acid (Ia) and Its New Analogues, Viticolins A—C (Ib), (Ic), (II), resp., Produced by Penicillium sp. FKI‐4410.
Authors: Otoguro Kazuhiko , et al. et al.
Published: May 2011

Among the title compounds, puberulic acid (Ia) exhibits potent antimalarial inhibition of chloroquine‐sensitive and ‐resistant Plasmodium strains in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Marinactinones A—C, New γ‐Pyrones from Marine Actinomycete Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00606
Authors: Wang Fazuo , Tian Xinpeng , Huang Caiguo , Li Qingxin , Zhang Si
Published: May 2011

isolation, structure determination and cytotoxicity of the title compounds (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Sterigmatocystins from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus versicolor
Authors: Cai Shengxin , Zhu Tianjiao , Du Lin , Zhao Boyu , Li Dehai , Gu Qianqun
Published: May 2011

isolation, structure and cytotoxicities of three new sterigmatocystins, oxisterigmatocystins A—C (I)
ChemInform Abstract: A General Solution Route Toward Metal Boride Nanocrystals.
Authors: Portehault David , Devi Sarala , Beaunier Patricia , Gervais Christel , Giordano Cristina , Sanchez Clement , Antonietti Markus
Published: May 2011

Nanocrystals of NbB2, CaB6, HfB2, CeB6, MoB4, FeB, and Mn2B are prepared by reaction of the corresponding metal chlorides and sodium borohydride in a eutectic LiCl/KCl melt (Ar flow, 700—900 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: In‐situ Studies of Active Sites and Mechanism for the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction on Metal/Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Rodriguez Jose , Hanson Jonathan C. , Liu Ping , Hrbek Jan
Published: May 2011

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Cheng Fangyi , Liang Jing , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun
Published: May 2011

Review: 257 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exchange Bias Effect in Alloys and Compounds
Authors: Giri S. , Patra M. , Majumdar S.
Published: May 2011

Review: 257 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stability of Nanoparticles in Water
Authors: Labille Jerome , Brant Jonathan
Published: May 2011

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Alchemy with Metal Complexes Inside Cyclodextrins: The Molecular Cauldrons
Authors: Braga S. S.
Published: May 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exciton Coupling in Coordination Compounds
Authors: Telfer Shane G. , McLean Tracey M. , Waterland Mark R.
Published: May 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shape‐Selective Alkylation of Naphthalene over Zeolites: Steric Interaction of Reagents with Zeolites
Authors: Sugi Yoshihiro
Published: May 2011

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiols as an Efficient Hydrogen Atom Donor in Free Radical Transformations in Aqueous Media
Authors: Lykakis Ioannis N. , Perchyonok V. Tamara
Published: May 2011

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry: A Universal Ligation Strategy for Biotechnology and Materials Science
Authors: Lahann Joerg
Published: May 2011

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Activations
Authors: Seiser Tobias , Cramer Nicolai
Published: May 2011

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Tetrazole Derivatives in Cryogenic Rare Gas Matrices
Authors: Gomez‐Zavaglia A. , Reva I. D. , Frija L. M. T. , Cristiano M. L. S. , Fausto R.
Published: May 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions as Valuable Tool for the Preparation of PET Radiotracers
Authors: Pretze Marc , Grosse‐Gehling Philipp , Mamat Constantin
Published: May 2011

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐, Ni‐, Fe‐, and Co‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings Using Functionalized Zn, Mg, Fe, and In Organometallics
Authors: Knochel Paul , Thaler Tobias , Diene Coura
Published: May 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Collet Florence , Goossen Kaethe
Published: May 2011

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Processes in Palladium‐Catalyzed Silicon‐Based Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Liu Jack Hung‐Chang
Published: May 2011

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Dibromides: Versatile Partners in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Legrand Frederic , Jouvin Kevin , Evano Gwilherm
Published: May 2011

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis
Authors: Jacobsen Eric N. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: May 2011

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Click Chemistry: Bioorthogonal Reagents for Tagging Azides
Authors: Baskin Jeremy M. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: May 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Metal and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: On the Way to Discovering Enantioselective Organic Transformations
Authors: Patil Nitin T.
Published: May 2011

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixthioamides as Ionophores for Transition‐ and Heavy‐Metal Cations
Authors: Kulesza Joanna , Bochenska Maria
Published: May 2011

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid—Liquid Equilibria of (Ionic Liquid + Hydrocarbon) Binary Systems and Their Modeling by the Conductor‐Like Screening Model for Real Solvents
Authors: Ferreira Ana R. , Freire Mara G. , Ribeiro Jorge C. , Lopes Fernando M. , Crespo Joao G. , Coutinho Joao A. P.
Published: May 2011

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrafast Dynamics of Solvation: The Story So Far
Authors: Nome Rene A.
Published: May 2011

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide Ligand Formation in Hydrogenase Biosynthesis
Authors: Swanson Kevin D. , Duffus Benjamin R. , Beard Trevor E. , Peters John W. , Broderick Joan B.
Published: May 2011

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐Silica Hybrid Functional Nanomaterials: How Do Organic Bridging Groups and Silsesquioxane Moieties Work Hand‐in‐Hand?
Authors: Hu Li‐Chih , Shea Kenneth J.
Published: May 2011

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Pore Formation in Organotrialkoxysilane‐Derived Hybrids: From Aerogels to Hierarchically Porous Monoliths
Authors: Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki
Published: May 2011

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Foams, Colloids and Beyond: From Design to Applications
Authors: Brun Nicolas , Ungureanu Simona , Deleuze Herve , Backov Renal
Published: May 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Properties and Applications of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Prepared from Bridged Organosilane Precursors
Authors: Mizoshita Norihiro , Tani Takao , Inagaki Shinji
Published: May 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid and Biohybrid Silicate Based Materials: Molecular vs. Block‐Assembling Bottom‐Up Processes
Authors: Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo , Aranda Pilar , Darder Margarita , Ogawa Makoto
Published: May 2011

Review: 341 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular and Supramolecular Dynamics of Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Interfaces for the Rational Construction of Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials
Authors: Grosso David , Ribot Francois , Boissiere Cedric , Sanchez Clement
Published: May 2011

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Whole‐Cell Based Hybrid Materials for Green Energy Production, Environmental Remediation and Smart Cell‐Therapy
Authors: Leonard Alexandre , Dandoy Philippe , Danloy Emeric , Leroux Gregory , Meunier Christophe F. , Rooke Joanna C. , Su Bao‐Lian
Published: May 2011

Review: 264 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionogels, Ionic Liquid Based Hybrid Materials
Authors: Le Bideau Jean , Viau Lydie , Vioux Andre
Published: May 2011

Review: 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Multifunctional Lanthanides‐Based Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Rocha Joao , Carlos Luis D. , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Ananias Duarte
Published: May 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Elaboration of Colloidal Molecules: An Overview
Authors: Duguet Etienne , Desert Anthony , Perro Adeline , Ravaine Serge
Published: May 2011

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Properties of Functional Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Laberty‐Robert C. , Valle K. , Pereira F. , Sanchez C.
Published: May 2011

Review: 349 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Layered Hydroxide Hybrid Nanostructures: A Route to Multifunctionality
Authors: Rogez Guillaume , Massobrio Carlo , Rabu Pierre , Drillon Marc
Published: May 2011

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Spin‐orbit Coupling on the Magnetic Properties of Materials: Theory
Authors: Alouani M. , Baadji N. , Abdelouahed S. , Bengone O. , Dreysse H.
Published: May 2011

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridinium‐N‐(2‐pyridyl)aminides and Related Compounds: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero Jose
Published: May 2011

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computer‐Aided Methodologies for the Design of Reaction Solvents
Authors: Strubing H. , Konstantinidis S. , Karamertzanis P. G. , Pistikopoulos E. N. , Galindo A. , Adjiman C. S.
Published: May 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization‐Based Approaches to Computational Molecular Design
Authors: Eslick J. C. , Shulda S. M. , Spencer P. , Camarda K. V.
Published: May 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Preassociation in Broensted Acid Catalyzed Decarboxylation and Related Processes
Authors: Kluger Ronald , Mundle Scott O. C.
Published: May 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multitude of Binding Modes Attainable by Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: A Portrait Gallery of Disorder‐Based Complexes
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: May 2011

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Diffusion in Polymer Systems Studied by Magnetic Field‐Gradient Spin‐Echo NMR Method
Authors: Walderhaug Harald , Soederman Olle , Topgaard Daniel
Published: May 2011

Review: 176 refs.
A practical equation of state for non‐spherical and asymmetric systems for application at high pressures. Part 1: Development of the pure component model
Authors: du Rand Marlie , Nieuwoudt Izak , Schwarz Cara E. , Knoetze Johannes H.
Published: May 2011

A practical, mathematically and computationally simple, equation of state (EOS) has been developed to accurately describe pure component phase behaviour of spherical and chain‐like molecules. The EOS consists of a newly developed hard sphere model and a perturbation term based on the Barker and Henderson approach using the Chen and Kreglewski intermolecular potential model and a double constrained summation as a mathematical expression thereof. The perturbed hard chain theory (PHCT) approach is used to extend the EOS to non‐spherical molecules. The EOS compares well with other more complex models such as the simplified perturbed hard chain theory (SPHCT) and statistically associating fluid theory (SAFT) models and will be extended to describe mixtures in Part 2 of this series. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Optimisation of reaction conditions for the synthesis of single‐walled carbon nanotubes using response surface methodology
Authors: Liu Wei‐Wen , Aziz Azizan , Chai Siang‐Piao , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Tye Ching‐Thian
Published: May 2011

The effects of three preparation variables, i.e. reaction temperature, reaction time and reaction gas (methane/nitrogen) flow rate, on the ratio of the intensity of the Raman D band to the intensity of the G band (ID/IG), carbon mass and the presence of radial breathing mode (RBM) peaks were investigated by using a central composite design to develop two linear models. The most influential factor in each experimental design‐response was identified using the analysis of variance. The predicted ID/IG ratio, carbon mass and presence of RBM peaks determined during the process optimisation were found to agree satisfactorily with the experimental values. The optimum conditions for synthesising single‐walled carbon nanotubes were determined to be a reaction temperature of 900°C, a reaction time of 59 min and a reaction gas flow rate of 54 mL/min. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Removal of nickel from aqueous solutions by citric acid modified Ceiba pentandra hulls: Equilibrium and kinetic studies
Authors: Ramana D. K. Venkata , Reddy D. Harikishore Kumar , Kumar B. Naresh , Harinath Y. , Seshaiah K.
Published: May 2011

The removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions using biomass prepared from Ceiba pentandra hulls powder modified with citric acid treatment (CAMCPH) has been studied by batch method. The biosorbent was characterised before and after citric acid modification using SEM, FT‐IR and XRD. Experimental parameters that influence the biosorption of Ni(II), such as pH, biosorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration of metal ion have been investigated. The adsorption of Ni(II) increased with increase in contact time and reached equilibrium within 50 min. The maximum removal of Ni(II) was observed at pH 5.0. The kinetic data were analysed using three adsorption kinetic models: the pseudo‐first, second‐order kinetics and intra‐particle diffusion. The results showed that the pseudo‐second‐order model fits the experimental data very well. The equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. Langmuir model provided the best correlation for the adsorption of Ni(II) by CAMCPH and the monolayer biosorption capacity for Ni(II) removal was 34.34 mg/g. Desorption experiments were carried out using HCl solution and the recovery of the metal ion from CAMCPH was found 98%. Desorption experiments showed the feasibility of regeneration of the biosorbent for further use after treating with dilute HCl. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Delineation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Nucleoside Recognition by Cytidine Deaminase through Virtual Screening
Authors: Costanzi Stefano , Vilar Santiago , Micozzi Daniela , Carpi Francesco M. , Ferino Giulio , Vita Alberto , Vincenzetti Silvia
Published: May 2011

Cytidine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.5, CDA), an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathways, is responsible for the degradation and inactivation of several cytidine‐based antitumor drugs such as cytarabine, gemcitabine, decitabine, and azacytidine. Thus, CDA inhibitors are highly sought after as compounds to be co‐administered with said drugs to improve their effectiveness. Alternatively, the design of antitumor drugs not susceptible to the action of CDA is also regarded as an attractive solution. Herein we describe a virtual screen for CDA ligands based on chemical similarity and molecular docking. The campaign led to the identification of three novel inhibitors and one novel substrate, with a 19 % hit rate, and allowed a significant extension of the structure–activity relationships, also in light of the compounds that resulted inactive. The most active compound identified through the screen is the inhibitor pseudoisocytidine, which has the potential to serve as a lead for highly stable compounds. The study also delineated the detrimental effect of 5‐aza and 6‐aza substitutions, the incompatibility of the presence of an amino group at the 3′‐position, as well as the presence of very strict steric requirements around the 2′‐arabino position and, even more, the N4‐position. Importantly, these features can be exploited for the design of novel anti‐neoplastic agents resistant to the action of CDA.
Omitting elective nodal irradiation and irradiating postinduction versus preinduction chemotherapy tumor extent for limited‐stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hu Xiao , Bao Yong , Zhang Li , Guo Ying , Chen Yuan Yuan , Li Kai Xin , Wang Wei Hua , Liu Yuan , He Han , Chen Ming
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND:

Controversies exist with regard to thoracic radiotherapy volumes for limited‐stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study compared locoregional progression and overall survival between limited‐stage SCLC patients who received thoracic radiotherapy to different target volumes after induction chemotherapy.

METHODS:

Chemotherapy consisted of 6 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin. After 2 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin, patients were randomly assigned to receive thoracic radiotherapy to either the postchemotherapy or prechemotherapy tumor extent as study arm or control. Elective nodal irradiation was omitted for both arms. Forty‐five Gy/30Fx/19 days thoracic radiotherapy was administered concurrently with cycle 3 chemotherapy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was administered to patients who achieved complete remission. An interim analysis was planned when the first 80 patients had been followed for at least 6 months, for consideration of potential inferiority in the study arm.

RESULTS:

Forty‐two and 43 patients were randomly assigned to a study arm and a control, respectively. The local recurrence rates were 31.6% (12 of 38) and 28.6% (12 of 42), respectively (P = .81). The isolated nodal failure rates were 2.6% (1 of 38) and 2.4% (1 of 42), respectively (P = 1.00). All isolated nodal failure sites were in the ipsilateral supraclavicular fossa. Mediastinal N3 was the only factor to predict isolated nodal failure (P = .004; odds ratio [OR], 29.33; 95% CI, 2.94‐292.38). One‐year and 3‐year overall survival rates were 80.6%, 36.2%, and 78.9%, 36.4%, respectively (P = .54).

CONCLUSIONS:

Preliminary results indicated that irradiated postchemotherapy tumor extent and omitted elective nodal irradiation did not decrease locoregional control in the study arm, and the overall survival difference was not statistically significant between the 2 arms. Further investigation is warranted. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cost‐effectiveness of combination versus sequential docetaxel and carboplatin for the treatment of platinum‐sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Havrilesky Laura J. , Pokrzywinski Robin , Revicki Dennis , Higgins Robert V. , Nycum Lawrence R. , Kohler Matthew F. , Berchuck Andrew , Myers Evan R. , Secord Angeles Alvarez
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND:

In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of patients with recurrent, platinum‐sensitive ovarian cancer, the combination weekly docetaxel and carboplatin was associated a with progression‐free survival (PFS) of 13.7 months compared with 8.4 months for sequential, single‐agent docetaxel followed by carboplatin. The objective of the current study was to construct a cost‐utility model to compare these 2 regimens with the incorporation of prospectively collected quality‐of‐life (QoL) data.

METHODS:

An RCT of concurrent docetaxel and carboplatin (cDC) versus docetaxel followed by carboplatin (sequential docetaxel and carboplatin [sDC]) was the basis for a Markov decision model, and the primary effectiveness outcome was PFS. Costs were estimated using US dollars based on Medicare reimbursements for chemotherapy regimens, bone marrow support, and management of adverse events. QoL data obtained using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General questionnaire were converted to utilities. Costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were reported in US dollars per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Extensive 1‐way sensitivity analyses and a Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed.

RESULTS:

The least expensive strategy was sDC, which cost an average of $20,381, compared with cDC, which cost an average of $25,122. cDC had an ICER of $25,239 per QALY compared with sDC. cDC remained cost‐effective, with an ICER <$50,000 per QALY, over a range of costs and estimates. In Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis using a $50,000 per QALY willingness‐to‐pay threshold, cDC was either dominant or cost‐effective with an ICER <$50,000 per QALY in 83% of simulations.

CONCLUSIONS:

Combined weekly cDC appeared to be cost‐effective compared with sDC as treatment strategy for patients with platinum‐sensitive ovarian cancer, even when accounting for slightly lower QoL during treatment. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Efficient delivery of radical cystectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Alva Ajjai S. , Tallman Christopher T. , He Chang , Hussain Maha H. , Hafez Khaled , Montie James E. , Smith David C. , Weizer Alon Z. , Wood David , Lee Cheryl T.
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND:

Cystectomy delay >90 days after a diagnosis of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) adversely affects pathologic stage and survival outcomes in patients who undergo primary surgery. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), the impact of the timing of cystectomy delivery on these outcomes is uncertain. Poor communication between urologic and medical oncologists can result in cystectomy delay after systemic treatment. The authors of this report hypothesized that a delay in cystectomy delivery after NAC is associated with adverse survival outcomes.

METHODS:

An eligible cohort of 153 patients with MIBC received NAC and underwent radical cystectomy between 1990 and 2007. At the authors' institution, the genitourinary team strives to schedule patients for surgery at the time of initial evaluation or after their first chemotherapy cycle. Clinicopathologic characteristics, including timing of cystectomy, chemotherapy delivery, vital status, and reasons for excessive surgical delay, were analyzed retrospectively using an institutional database. A Cox proportional regression model was used to test the association between the timing of cystectomy delivery and survival.

RESULTS:

The median follow‐up for all patients was 3.6 years. The median time to cystectomy was 16.6 weeks and 6.9 weeks from the first and last day of NAC, respectively. In multivariate analyses, the timing of cystectomy delivery from the termination of NAC did not significantly alter the risk of survival. The most common reason for cystectomy delivery beyond 10 weeks (28 patients; 18%) was procedural scheduling.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cystectomy delivery within 10 weeks after NAC did not compromise patient survival and, thus, provided a reasonable window for patient recovery and surgical intervention. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Reduce‐complexity fuzzy‐inference‐based iterative multiuser detection for wireless communication systems
Authors: Hung Ho‐Lung , Wen Jyh‐Horng
Published: May 2011

In recent years, combining multiuser detection and intelligence computer scheme have received considerable attention. In this paper, adaptive fuzzy‐inference multistage matrix wiener filtering (FI‐MMWF) techniques, based on the minimum mean‐square error criterion, are proposed for ultra‐wideband (UWB) impulse radio communication systems. These FI‐MMWF‐based algorithms employ a time‐varying fuzzy‐inference‐controlled filter stage. Consequently, the proposed approaches accomplish a substantial saving in complexity without trading off the system performance and dynamic‐tracking characteristic. In addition, the fuzzy‐logic‐controlled matrix conjugate gradient algorithm is adopted to reduce the system complexity without trading off the bit‐error‐rate (BER). Simulations are conducted to evaluate the convergence and tracking behavior of the proposed MMWF algorithm, and the BER of the time‐hopping‐UWB system in a realistic UWB channel is investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analysis of legal highs—do they contain what it says on the tin?
Authors: Baron Mark , Elie Mathieu , Elie Leonie
Published: May 2011

In recent years the availability of so‐called legal highs over the Internet has hugely increased. Numerous online legal‐high retailers market a broad variety of products which are advertised as research chemicals, bath salts, or plant food although clearly intended for human consumption as recreational drug replacements. No guidelines exist as to what is sold and in what purity. Consumers are led to believe that purchased goods are entirely legal.

In this study, several legal‐high products were purchased and analyzed for their content. The powdered products were screened with attenuated total reflectance—Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of methanol extracts. Spectra were compared to reference standards and the NIST library.

Results showed that 6 out of 7 products did not contain the advertised active ingredient. Moreover, five samples contained the controlled substances benzylpiperazine and 1‐[3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine combined with caffeine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orthomolybdates in the Cs–FeII,III–Mo–O System: Cs4Fe(MoO4)3, Cs2Fe2(MoO4)3 and CsFe5(MoO4)7
Authors: Namsaraeva Touyana , Bazarov Bair , Mikhailova Daria , Kuratieva Natalia , Sarapulova Angelina , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: May 2011

Three new complex molybdenum oxides – Cs2Fe2(MoO4)3, Cs4Fe(MoO4)3 and CsFe5(MoO4)7 – with average oxidation states of Fe +2 and +2.6 were obtained during a study of phase formation in the system Cs–FeII,III–Mo–O and investigated by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis at room temperature and 100 K. The structure of cubic Cs2Fe2(MoO4)3 [P213, a = 10.9161(2) Å, Z = 4] is very similar to the one of pseudocubic Cs2Co2(MoO4)3 with a weak orthorhombic distortion. Hexagonal Cs4Fe(MoO4)3 [P$\bar {6}$2c, a = 6.2922(16) Å, c = 23.937(13) Å, Z = 2] is isostructural to the high‐temperature modification of Rb4Mn(MoO4)3. CsFe5(MoO4)7 crystallizes in monoclinic symmetry [P21/m, a = 6.9239(6) Å, b = 21.4477(19) Å, c = 8.6374(8) Å, β = 101.667(2)°, Z = 2] and represents a new structure type. This structure contains three crystallographically independent Fe sites and consists of isolated FeO6 octahedra and Fe4O18 units of edge‐sharing FeO6 octahedra, which are connected with MoO4 tetrahedra through corners, thus forming a three‐dimensional framework. CsFe5(MoO4)7 orders magnetically with a ferromagnetic component at TC = 10 K, proposed as a canted antiferromagnet. Its antiferromagnetic structure at 0 T was described by combination of two propagation vectors k = (1/2, 0, 0) and k = (0, 0, 0) with magnetic moments of 2.6, 1.6 and 3.5 μB for three independent Fe sites. Two magnetic‐field‐induced transitions are observed at 0.25 and 1.9 T at 2 K.
New BaM2(SeO3)3·nH2O (M = Co, Ni, Mn, Mg; n ≈ 3) Zemannite‐Type Frameworks: Single‐Crystal Structures of BaCo2(SeO3)3·3H2O, BaMn2(SeO3)3·3H2O and BaMg2(SeO3)3·3H2O
Authors: Johnston Magnus G. , Harrison William T. A.
Published: May 2011

The syntheses and characterisation of a new family of isostructural mixed‐metal selenites based on the zemannite‐type framework are described. These BaM2(SeO3)3·3H2O phases are built up from three‐dimensional networks of MO6 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, Mg) octahedra and SeO3 pyramids. The octahedral groups form isolated M2O9 face‐sharing pairs, which are linked by the selenite anions into a three‐dimensional anionic framework. The framework encapsulates one‐dimensional 12‐ring channels occupied by the barium cations and water molecules. There are two types of channels: in one, the cations and water molecules are well ordered, and the channels are fully occupied; in the other, the same species are disordered, and the channels are partially occupied. There is little if any evidence of zeolitic reversible de/rehydration and cation ion‐exchange behaviour for these materials.
Computational Study of the Intramolecular Pericyclic Reactions of Aldazines and Some Pseudopericyclic Variants (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 16/2011)
Authors: González Pérez Adán B. , Souto José A. , Silva López Carlos , de Lera Ángel R.
Published: May 2011

The cover picture shows cascade cyclization reactions of allenyl (ketenyl) aldazines that are rendered pericyclic or pseudopericyclic by virtue of the lack or the existence of π conjugation, respectively, between the two interacting groups (azine and allene/ketene). Details are discussed in the article by À. R. de Lera et al. on p. 2933 ff.
Electrodeposition of Three‐Dimensional Porous Platinum Film on Removable Polyaniline Template for High‐Performance Electroanalysis
Authors: Wang Lihua , Chen Chao , Fu Yingchun , Xie Qingji , Su Zhaohong , Qin Cong , Xie Fangyun , Ma Ming , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: May 2011

Three‐dimensional porous platinum (Ptpor) films are prepared based on Pt electrodeposition on polyaniline (PANI) modified electrodes followed by selective dissolution of PANI with HNO3. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance data suggest that the PANI‐H2PtCl6 interaction involves redox and coordination reactions, depending on the working potential. The Ptpor shows better electrocatalytic performance than the Pt/PANI and conventionally electrodeposited Pt. The Ptpor modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) can electrocatalyze the oxidation of H2O2 with a sensitivity of 414 µA cm−2 mM−1 and a detection limit of 9 nM, and the chitosan‐glucose oxidase/Ptpor/GCE can sense glucose with a sensitivity of 93.4 µA cm−2 mM−1.
A New pH Sensor Based on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Coated with a Co/Al Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Mignani A. , Corticelli C. , Tonelli D. , Scavetta E.
Published: May 2011

A glassy carbon electrode has been coated by electrodeposition with a thin film of cobalt based layered double hydroxide (LDH) and used as a pH sensor. The developed electrode displays a linear super‐Nernstian response (−76.2±0.6 mV/pH) in the pH range between 2 and 14 and it is particularly suitable to operate in strongly alkaline solution. The reproducibility of the sensor construction is good with a relative standard deviation of the calibration curve slopes of±2.5 % (n=4). The electrode has a response time comparable to that exhibited by commercial glass electrodes in the pH range examined and is not affected by interference from the most common anions and cations.
Active width of gravel‐bed braided rivers
Authors: Ashmore Peter , Bertoldi Walter , Tobias Gardner J.
Published: May 2011

Previous analyses have identified the active width of braided rivers, the bed area over which bed load flux and short‐term morphological change occurs, as an important element of braiding dynamics and predictions of bed load flux. Here we compare theoretical predictions of active width in gravel‐bed braided rivers with observations from Sunwapta River, and from a generic physical model of gravel braided rivers, to provide general observations of the variation in active width, and to develop an understanding of the causes of variation. Bed topography was surveyed daily along a 150 m reach of the pro‐glacial Sunwapta River for a total of four weeks during summer when flow was above threshold for morphological activity. In the laboratory, detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) were derived from photogrammetric survey at regular intervals during a constant discharge run. From the field and flume observations there is considerable local and circumstantial variation in active width, but also a general trend in average active width with increasing discharge. There is also a clear relationship of active width with active braiding index (number of active branches in the braided channel network), and with dimensionless stream power, which appears to be consistent across the range of data from field and physical models. Thus there is a link between active width and the river morphology and dynamics, and the possibility of a general relationship for estimating active width from channel pattern properties or reach‐scale stream power values, from which approximate bedload flux calculations may be made. The analysis also raises questions about differences between hydraulically‐based numerical model computations of instantaneous active width and observation of time‐integrated morphological active width. Understanding these differences can give insight into the nature of bedload transport in braided rivers and the relationship to morphological processes of braiding. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Methanol Crossover on the Cathode Overpotential of DMFCs
Authors: Tamaki T. , Yamauchi A. , Ito T. , Ohashi H. , Yamaguchi T.
Published: May 2011

The effects of methanol crossover on cathode overpotential of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) were investigated by focusing on a mixed potential effect and surface poisoning of the catalyst. Experiments using different membranes and catalyst loadings were performed and compared with a semi‐quantitative model to discuss the main cause of the cathode overpotential. When the measured methanol crossover increased, cathode overpotential increased at particular threshold values, which were 150 mA cm–2 at 0.3 mg cm–2 of cathode platinum (Pt) loading and above 200 mA cm–2 at 1.1 mg cm–2. The modelling results also supported this tendency, and showed that Pt surface was poisoned to a great extent above the threshold methanol crossover where the cathode overpotential increased sharply, while the cathode overpotential remained low and was explained solely by the mixed potential below the threshold value. The threshold methanol crossover can be regarded as the acceptable value, below which the cathode overpotential from methanol crossover remains low, and was related with the Pt loading in the cathode. The reduction of methanol crossover through membranes below the acceptable values will contribute greatly to a decrease in the cathode overpotential and to the reduction of catalyst loadings.
Progress in PEMFC MEA Component R&D at the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Program
Authors: Spendelow J. S. , Papageorgopoulos D. C.
Published: May 2011

The U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program supports research and development (R&D) of fuel cells and fuel cell systems for stationary, portable and transportation applications. The Program maintains a diverse portfolio of R&D projects aimed at reducing cost and improving durability of fuel cell systems, with an overarching goal of enabling fuel cell technology to compete with alternative technologies in the marketplace. This paper describes the Program's recent activities and progress in development of catalysts, membranes and membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
Raman Spectroscopy of an Aged Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membrane
Authors: Holber M. , Johansson P. , Jacobsson P.
Published: May 2011

The cost and durability of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are today limiting factors for large‐scale commercialisation of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The MEA durability in a real working fuel cell (FC) is closely linked to specific operating conditions such as temperature, gas humidity, load dynamics, etc. This often results in both chemical and mechanical degradation of the ion‐conducting membrane and subsequent operation failure of the FC. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used to identify and distinguish between two different degradation processes for a 1,500 h in situ aged FC membrane. The primary process is due to the loss of proton conducting sulphonic acid end groups over the entire membrane. The secondary process is a degradation of the fluorinated backbone concentrated to the cathode interface; making possible the collapse of carbon into the resulting voids of the membrane. Using spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy we can unambiguously observe both the localisation and the state of the carbon inside the membrane; being similar/identical to the microporous layer (MPL).
Alberta's new carbon capture and storage legislation
Authors: Bankes Nigel D.
Published: May 2011

The province of Alberta, Canada, is well placed to take a leadership role in the development of commercial‐scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. As part of a series of initiatives to encourage CCS projects, the Province passed legislation in the fall of 2010 to clarify issues relating to pore space ownership, to put in place a system whereby a CCS operator can acquire disposal rights, to provide for the transfer to the state of liability for CCS projects post‐closure, and to deal with certain regulatory matters including the issuance of closure certificates. This perspective describes and analyzes the legislation and identifies some further steps that need to be taken to complete the legal and regulatory regime. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
How histological features of basal cell carcinomas influence image quality in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mogensen Mette , Nürnberg Birgit M. , Thrane Lars , Jørgensen Thomas M. , Andersen Peter E. , Jemec Gregor B. E.
Published: May 2011

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to diagnose and measure the depth of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in skin, but some lesions appear blurred in OCT images. The aim of this study is to identify histological characteristics of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) that correlate with good quality OCT images of the same lesions. A total of 34 patients with BCC were OCT scanned. The influence of histology parameters (e.g. inflammation, sun damage of skin, carcinoma cell size) on OCT image quality was studied by comparing 15 BCC lesions easily identified compared to 19 BCC lesions that produced only blurred in OCT images. Inflammation was more pronounced in blurred OCT images, whereas solar elastosis dominated in easily identified lesions. Hyperkeratosis did not impair imaging significantly. OCT image quality of BCC may depend on specific histology parameters. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Can color inhomogeneity of bruises be used to establish their age?
Authors: Stam Barbara , van Gemert Martin J. C. , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Teeuw Arianne H. , van der Wal Allard C. , Aalders Maurice C. G.
Published: May 2011

Bruises become spatially inhomogeneous during the healing process; a smaller red‐blue core area, caused by hemoglobin, is surrounded by a larger yellow area, caused by bilirubin, which is enzymatically formed from hemoglobin. These two areas develop at different rates and hence carry information about the age of the bruise. We present a proof of principle demonstration that the age of bruises can be determined via an inverse procedure using a mathematical model and daily measurements of these two areas using a hyperspectral imaging system. The inaccuracy found is 2.3% for fresh bruises and 3 to 24% for bruises up to 3 days old. In conclusion, color inhomogeneity of bruises can be used to determine their age. We expect that future age determination of bruises by the inverse procedure described here, possibly also including the distribution of concentrations in the areas will open up a new phase in clinical bruise classification. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automated classification of healthy and keloidal collagen patterns based on processing of SHG images of human skin
Authors: Medyukhina Anna , Vogler Nadine , Latka Ines , Kemper Stefanie , Böhm Markus , Dietzek Benjamin , Popp Jürgen
Published: May 2011

All‐optical microspectroscopic and tomographic tools have a great potential for the clinical investigation of human skin and skin diseases. However, automated optical tomography or even microscopy generate immense data sets. Therefore, in order to implement such diagnostic tools into the medical practice in both hospitals and private practice, there is a need for automated data handling and image analysis ideally implementing automized scores to judge the physiological state of a tissue section. In this contribution, the potential of an image processing algorithm for the automated classification of skin into normal or keloid based on second‐harmonic generation (SHG) microscopic images is demonstrated. Such SHG data is routinely recorded within a multimodal imaging approach. The classification of the tissue implemented in the algorithm employs the geometrical features of collagen patterns that differ depending on the constitution, i.e., physiological status of the skin. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Friction, wear, and tensile properties of vacuum hot pressing crosslinked UHMWPE/nano‐HAP composites
Authors: Xiong Lei , Xiong Dangsheng , Yang Yuanyuan , Jin Jiabo
Published: May 2011

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent mechanical properties. In this study, nonirradiated and irradiated UHMWPE/nano‐hydroxyapatite (nano‐HAP) composites were prepared by vacuum hot‐pressing method, and then friction, wear, and tensile properties were investigated. To explore mechanisms of these properties, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectrum, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry analysis were carried out on the samples. The results in this study indicated that reduced friction coefficients and wear rate could be obtained when nonirradiated and irradiated UHMWPE were filled with 7% nano‐HAP. The irradiated UHMWPE/7% nano‐HAP also had a synergistic function of wear reduction as compared with irradiated UHMWPE and nonirradiated UHMWPE/7% nano‐HAP. Samples filled with 7% nano‐HAP showed a brittle fracture behavior, and a linear relationship between modulus and crystallinity for a nonirradiated and irradiated sample was found in this study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Complement C3a and C5a modulate osteoclast formation and inflammatory response of osteoblasts in synergism with IL‐1β
Authors: Ignatius Anita , Schoengraf Philipp , Kreja Ludwika , Liedert Astrid , Recknagel Stefan , Kandert Sebastian , Brenner Rolf E. , Schneider Marion , Lambris John D. , Huber‐Lang Markus
Published: May 2011

There is a tight interaction of the bone and the immune system. However, little is known about the relevance of the complement system, an important part of innate immunity and a crucial trigger for inflammation. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the presence and function of complement in bone cells including osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and osteoclasts. qRT‐PCR and immunostaining revealed that the central complement receptors C3aR and C5aR, complement C3 and C5, and membrane‐bound regulatory proteins CD46, CD55, and CD59 were expressed in human MSC, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Furthermore, osteoblasts and particularly osteoclasts were able to activate complement by cleaving C5 to its active form C5a as measured by ELISA. Both C3a and C5a alone were unable to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 from osteoblasts. However, co‐stimulation with the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β significantly induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression as well as the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) indicating that complement may modulate the inflammatory response of osteoblastic cells in a pro‐inflammatory environment as well as osteoblast–osteoclast interaction. While C3a and C5a did not affect osteogenic differentiation, osteoclastogenesis was significantly induced even in the absence of RANKL and macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) suggesting that complement could directly regulate osteoclast formation. It can therefore be proposed that complement may enhance the inflammatory response of osteoblasts and increase osteoclast formation, particularly in a pro‐inflammatory environment, for example, during bone healing or in inflammatory bone disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2594–2605, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.