bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Stability Transition From Stable to Unstable Frictional Slip With Finite Pore Pressure
Authors: Affinito R. , Wood C. , Marty S. , Elsworth D. , Marone C.
Published: December 2023

Pore fluids are ubiquitous throughout the lithosphere and are commonly invoked as the cause of induced seismicity and slow earthquakes. We perform lab experiments to address these questions for drained fault conditions and low pore pressure. We shear simulated faults at effective normal stress of 20 MPa and pore pressures Pp from 1 to 4 MPa. We document the full range of lab earthquake behaviors from slow slip to elasto‐dynamic rupture and show that slow slip can be explained by the slip rate dependence of the critical rheologic stiffness without dilatancy hardening or other fluid effects. Our fault permeabilities ranges from 10−18 to 10−17 m2 with an initial porosity of 0.1 and estimated fluid diffusion time ≈1 s. Slow slip and quasi‐dynamic fault motion may arise from high Pp at higher pressures but dilatancy strengthening is not a general requirement.
Characteristics of Warm‐Season Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin (YHR): Comparison Between Radar and Satellite
Authors: Lu Yutong , Tang Jianping , Xu Xin , Tang Ying , Fang Juan
Published: December 2023

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are crucial in modifying the water cycle and frequently induce high‐impact weather events over eastern China. Radar and Climate Prediction Center (CPC)‐4 km satellite‐derived infrared cloud top temperature (Tb) data were used to thoroughly analyze the long‐term climatology of MCSs over eastern China, particularly in the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin (YHR) in the warm season from 2013 to 2018. For the first time, we contrasted the effects of data set selection and threshold setting on research outcomes. The large‐scale environments of MCSs initiation were also investigated using the latest global reanalysis data ERA5. It is found that striction of thresholds, including duration, reflectivity/Tb, area, and linearity, would lead to a greater proportion of early‐morning MCSs. Satellite‐identified MCSs differed from radar‐derived ones, exhibiting afternoon diurnal peaks, faster movement speeds, longer travel distances, and expansive impact areas. The center of MCS and related precipitation shifted northward from Pre‐Meiyu to Post‐Meiyu seasons, contributing to up to 20% of total rainfall, with most MCSs moving along eastward trajectories. MCSs typically had the most substantial impact in the Meiyu season because of the most prolonged duration, largest convective core area, and strongest precipitation intensity. Warm‐season MCSs initiated ahead of midlevel troughs and were related to strong anomalous low‐level convergence and midlevel upward. The circulation anomalies were the strongest in the Pre‐Meiyu season among the three subseasons, with most moisture sourced from the southwest.
Climate Change Response of Tropical Atlantic Clouds in a Kilometer‐Resolution Model
Authors: Heim Christoph , Schär Christoph
Published: December 2023

Estimates of the tropical cloud feedback of global climate models (GCMs) show a large inter‐model spread due to the small‐scale nature of convective cloud processes. Estimates from large‐eddy simulations (LES) are more consistent among themselves, but difficult to scale to the climate system. Here we consider a compromise between GCMs and LES, and study how tropical clouds over the Atlantic respond to a climate perturbation in a regional kilometer‐resolution model. We perform two 4‐year‐long simulations at 3.3 km horizontal grid spacing with the limited‐area model COSMO on a 9,000 × 7,000 km2 domain covering the tropical Atlantic: a control simulation and a climate change simulation using the pseudo‐global warming approach. In a previous publication we have demonstrated that this approach yields a credible representation of the tropical climate without the double‐ITCZ bias commonly seen in GCMs. Here we address the cloud feedback and find a reduction of ITCZ high‐cloud cover resulting in a negative longwave cloud feedback similar to the CMIP6 ensemble mean. We find a reduction of stratocumulus clouds, which we argue is primarily a thermodynamic response. More surprisingly, the shallow cumulus cloud cover over the West Atlantic increases, which we argue is due to increased stability resulting in weaker entrainment and a more humid boundary layer. The mean shortwave cloud feedback over the tropical Atlantic is positive, comparable to the CMIP6 ensemble mean. The emerging estimate of the total cloud‐radiative feedback over the Atlantic is slightly negative, consistent with CMIP6 GCMs, but it is substantially stronger than that of the driving GCM.
Contributions of Air‐Sea Coupling to Northward‐Propagating Intraseasonal Convection Over the South China Sea
Authors: Gao Yingxia , Hsu Pang‐Chi
Published: December 2023

Northward‐propagating convection associated with intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over the South China Sea (SCS) is closely linked to the evolution of the East China rainy season. In this study, we quantitatively examined the contribution of air‐sea coupling to northward propagation of intraseasonal convection over the SCS based on observational diagnosis and model experiments. While oceanic feedback plays a limited role in northward propagation of Indian Ocean and western Pacific ISO, its positive effect on SCS ISO propagation is much larger and nearly comparable with that of atmospheric internal dynamics over the central SCS. Warm intraseasonal sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies ahead of the convection induce boundary‐layer convergence and surface turbulent fluxes, largely favoring growth of moist static energy to the north of the ISO convection. Conversely, weak negative SST anomalies induce divergence and reduced fluxes over the convective center. The underlying SST anomalies strongly promote northward propagation of SCS ISO, but destroy the maintenance of deep convection. We then verified these oceanic feedbacks using atmosphere‐only (SPA) and atmosphere–ocean‐mixed‐layer coupled (SPK) configurations of the Super‐Parameterized Community Atmospheric Model. The SPA simulations produced stronger intraseasonal convection but weaker propagation signals than the SPK simulations, confirming the positive contribution of intraseasonal SST to ISO propagation observed over the SCS.
The effectiveness of malaria camps as part of the malaria control program in Odisha, India
Authors: Ompad Danielle C. , Padhan Timir K. , Kessler Anne , Tozan Yesim , Jones Abbey M. , van Eijk Anna Maria , Sullivan Steven A. , Haque Mohammed A. , Pradhan Madan Mohan , Mohanty Sanjib , Carlton Jane M. , Sahu Praveen K.
Published: December 2023

Durgama Anchalare Malaria Nirakaran (DAMaN) is a multi-component malaria intervention for hard-to-reach villages in Odisha, India. The main component, malaria camps (MCs), consists of mass screening, treatment, education, and intensified vector control. We evaluated MC effectiveness using a quasi-experimental cluster-assigned stepped-wedge study with a pretest–posttest control group in 15 villages: six immediate (Arm A), six delayed (Arm B), and three previous interventions (Arm C). The primary outcome was PCR + Plasmodium infection prevalence. The time (i.e., baseline vs. follow-up 3) x study arm interaction term shows that there were statistically significant lower odds of PCR + Plasmodium infection in Arm A (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.74) but not Arm C as compared to Arm B at the third follow-up. The cost per person ranged between US$3–8, the cost per tested US$4–9, and the cost per treated US$82–1,614, per camp round. These results suggest that the DAMaN intervention is a promising and financially feasible approach for malaria control.
Experimental study and simulations of hydrogen cooling effectiveness for aviation PEM fuel cells
Authors: Kösters Till Lennart , von Schweinitz Arne Graf , Heere Michael , Friedrichs Jens , Gao Xin
Published: December 2023

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are seen as one possible future means of driving the change towards a zero-emission society. In a civil aircraft, fuel cell systems can have multiple potential benefits, such as reduced noise, lowered emissions and higher fuel economy compared to jet aircraft. For controlling the fuel cell temperature, thermal management systems are required which can be optimized for aircraft applications regarding their weight and reliability. In this work, a simplified and light-weight thermal management system relying on hydrogen cooling is presented and analysed. To investigate the feasibility, a test rig and a three-dimensional, singular channel model in ANSYS Fluent were designed. Fuel cell temperature could be maintained within the set threshold in the model and the test rig, thus showing that controlling the fuel cell temperature via the hydrogen reactant flow is a viable alternative thermal management system. Results from the model indicate that both the hydrogen mass flow and hydrogen inlet temperature should be used to control the fuel cell temperature. Furthermore, operating the fuel cell at medium to low current densities is favourable for hydrogen cooling. Future studies will explore alternate flow field designs to facilitate thermal management system relying on hydrogen.
Comparative analysis of methods to reduce activation signature gene expression in PBMCs
Authors: Andriamboavonjy Lovatiana , MacDonald Adam , Hamilton Laura K. , Labrecque Marjorie , Boivin Marie-Noёlle , Karamchandani Jason , Stratton Jo Anne , Tetreault Martine
Published: December 2023

Preserving the in vivo cell transcriptome is essential for accurate profiling, yet factors during cell isolation including time ex vivo and temperature induce artifactual gene expression, particularly in stress-responsive immune cells. In this study, we investigated two methods to mitigate ex vivo activation signature gene (ASG) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): transcription and translation inhibitors (TTis) and cold temperatures during isolation. Comparative analysis of PBMCs isolated with TTis revealed reduced ASG expression. However, TTi treatment impaired responsiveness to LPS stimulation in subsequent in vitro experiments. In contrast, cold isolation methods also prevented ASG expression; up to a point where the addition of TTis during cold isolation offered minimal additional advantage. These findings highlight the importance of considering the advantages and drawbacks of different isolation methods to ensure accurate interpretation of PBMC transcriptomic profiles.
Atosiban application in fresh ET cycle is effective for women undergoing repeated embryo implantation failures, especially for advanced-age obese patients
Authors: Li Jie , Mo Sien , Lin Zhong , Shi Qiuling
Published: December 2023

To assess the effect of atosiban in pregnancy outcomes of the fresh embryo transfer (ET), the retrospective cohort study was conducted. Six hundred and eighty-nine cases (using atosiban) and 1377 age and ET cycle-matched controls were collected from the January 2016 to May 2022 to perform the fresh IVF-ET cycle. The essential characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Conditional logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. In the whole samples, atosiban had no effects in the pregnancy outcomes. Subgroup analyses suggested that atosiban could improve the clinical pregnancy in more than 3 ET cycles (OR 1.667, 95% CI 1.108–2.509, P = 0.014). Moreover, the improvement of clinical pregnancy was mainly present in the advanced-age women (age ≥ 35 years: OR 1.851, 95% CI 1.136–3.014, P = 0.013), obesity (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2: OR 2.550, 95% CI 1.105–5.883, P = 0.028) and cleavage stage embryo (D3 embryo: OR 1.721, 95% CI 1.098–2.696, P = 0.018) among the repeated implantation failures (RIF). Atosiban could also improve the live birth for the obese women. Further, in the RIF, atosiban application was strongly recommended for the advanced-age infertility women, who also had the risk of obesity with the implantation of the cleavage stage embryo. In conclusion, atosiban could improve pregnancy outcomes for the advanced-age and obese women in RIF, especially while implanting the cleavage stage embryo in fresh ET cycle.
Exploring the role of electrostatic deposition on inhaled aerosols in alveolated microchannels
Authors: Bessler Ron , Bhardwaj Saurabh , Malka Daniel , Fishler Rami , Sznitman Josué
Published: December 2023

Large amounts of net electrical charge are known to accumulate on inhaled aerosols during their generation using commonly-available inhalers. This effect often leads to superfluous deposition in the extra-thoracic airways at the cost of more efficient inhalation therapy. Since the electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between an aerosol and the airway wall, its role has long been recognized as potentially significant in the deep lungs. Yet, with the complexity of exploring such phenomenon directly at the acinar scales, in vitro experiments have been largely limited to upper airways models. Here, we devise a microfluidic alveolated airway channel coated with conductive material to quantify in vitro the significance of electrostatic effects on inhaled aerosol deposition. Specifically, our aerosol exposure assays showcase inhaled spherical particles of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.1 μm that are recognized to reach the acinar regions, whereby deposition is typically attributed to the leading roles of diffusion and sedimentation. In our experiments, electrostatic effects are observed to largely prevent aerosols from depositing inside alveolar cavities. Rather, deposition is overwhelmingly biased along the inter-alveolar septal spaces, even when aerosols are charged with only a few elementary charges. Our observations give new insight into the role of electrostatics at the acinar scales and emphasize how charged particles under 2 µm may rapidly overshadow the traditionally accepted dominance of diffusion or sedimentation when considering aerosol deposition phenomena in the deep lungs.
RTKN2 knockdown alleviates the malignancy of breast cancer cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Jian , Li Haiying
Published: December 2023

RTKN2 is a new effector protein of Rho GTPase, and has been indicated to be a tumor inhibitor in colon cancer. In this article, we explored the function of RTKN2 in BC cell development. RTKN2 expression in BC tissues and BC cell lines was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. CCK-8, Wound-healing and Transwell assays were carried out to examine the role of RTKN2 knockdown on proliferation, the migratory ability and the invasive ability of BC cells. FCM and Western blot assay were performed to measure the function of RTKN2 silencing on BC cell apoptosis. In addition, the regulatory effect of RTKN2 on Wnt/β-catenin pathway was studied via Western blot assay. RTKN2 expression was elevated in BC tissues and BC cells. Down-regulation of RTKN2 restrained BC cell progression by suppressing cell proliferation, migratory ability, invasive ability, and inducing apoptosis. In addition, reduced of RTKN2 sharply reduced the expressing levels of Wnt3A, β-catenin, C-Myc, and Cyclin D1, suggesting that RTKN2 silencing blocked the motivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in BC development. The in vivo experiment also confirmed the inhibitory effect of RTKN2 on BC tumors. Our study confirmed that RTKN2 was highly expressed in BC. Moreover, RTKN2 knockdown suppressed the development of BC through affecting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Hence, we deduced that RTKN2 was a possible treatment target for BC.
Growth and developmental outcomes of infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Park Joonsik , Park Sook Hyun , Kim Chloe , Yoon So Jin , Lim Joo Hee , Han Jung Ho , Shin Jeong Eun , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min Soo , Lee Soon Min
Published: December 2023

Despite advances in obstetric care, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant disease burden. We determined the national trends of HIE prevalence, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) use, mortality, and outcomes from 2012 to 2019. This study included term infants diagnosed with HIE between 2012 and 2019 from the National Health Insurance Service database. The prevalence of HIE was 2.4 per 1000 births without significant change during the period. TH was performed in approximately 6.7% of infants with HIE, and the annual variation ranged from 2.4 to 12.5%. The mortality among all term infants with HIE was 4.6%. The mortality rate among infants with HIE and TH significantly declined from 40 to 16.9% during the eight years. Infants with TH had higher mortality, increased use of inhaled nitric oxide, and more invasive ventilator use, indicating greater disease severity in the TH group. Infants with TH also showed significantly poorer outcomes, including delayed development, cerebral palsy, sensorineural hearing loss, and seizure, compared to infants without TH (p < 0.0001). With the increasing application of TH, mortality and developmental outcomes among infants with HIE have been improving in the past eight years in Korea. Further efforts to improve outcomes should be needed.
Axial stress versus strain responses of CFRP confined concrete containing electronic waste aggregates
Authors: Ullah Saad , Qureshi Muhammad Irshad , Saingam Panumas , Hussain Qudeer , Khan Kaffayatullah , Yooprasertchai Ekkachai
Published: December 2023

This research work investigates the axial stress versus strain responses of un-strengthened and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites strengthened concrete specimens made with electronic waste coarse aggregates. For this purpose, 36 circular and non-circular 300 mm high concrete specimens constrained with CFRP sheets and partially replaced with E-waste coarse aggregates were prepared. The effect of cross-sectional geometry, 20% partial substitution of natural coarse aggregates with E-waste aggregates, corner effect of non-circular concrete specimens, confinement of specimens with CFRP sheets, and effect of the number of confinement sheets were also studied. In control concrete specimens, the coarse aggregates were 848 kg/m3 and E-waste aggregates were 212 kg/m3. The cement was 475 kg/m3 and fine aggregates were 655 kg/m3. Test results indicated that compressive strength is reduced by substituting natural coarse aggregates with E-waste aggregates. At the same time, compressive strength increased to 71%, 33%, and 25% for circular, square, and rectangular concrete specimens, respectively, by CFRP confinement. Whereas the axial strain increased to 1100%, 250%, and 133%, for circular, square, and rectangular concrete specimens, respectively, by CFRP confinement. CFRP sheets also enhanced the Poisson's ratio. Because of the greater confinement given by a double CFRP layer, it is more effective than a single layer. Furthermore, results also indicated that strength reduction in non-circular concrete specimens was greater than in circular concrete specimens for all studied cases. In the end, for theoretical calculations, strength and strain models for confined concrete suggested by different researchers were applied and compared with experimental results. In comparison to the experimental findings, theoretical data showed that most of the models were either on the higher or on the lower side, while only some model results matched well with the experimental data.
Climate change increases the number of landslides at the juncture of the Alpine, Pannonian and Mediterranean regions
Authors: Jemec Auflič Mateja , Bezak Nejc , Šegina Ela , Frantar Peter , Gariano Stefano Luigi , Medved Anže , Peternel Tina
Published: December 2023

During the next few decades, changes in rainfall frequency and magnitude are expected to have major impacts on landscape evolution, social, and economic aspects of human society. We focus on seasonal rainfall variations by the end of the twenty-first century to define affected landslide-prone areas, future landslide alerts and the impact of landslides on landscape development in the juncture of the Alpine, Pannonian, and Mediterranean region. A moderate and a worst-case climate scenario from CMIP5 global climate simulations were considered to determine the impact of rainfall on the two most common types of landslides in region, shallow and deep-seated landslides. The observed changes in the occurrence of shallow landslides are significant, especially in the winter months, where we can expect more landslide-prone areas compared to the baseline period. Shallow landslides will have a greater impact on the landscape in spring and summer than deep-seated landslides, especially in vineyards.
Physics-informed neural network reconciles Australian displacements and tectonic stresses
Authors: Poulet Thomas , Behnoudfar Pouria
Published: December 2023

Stress orientation information is invaluable to evaluate active tectonic forces within the Earth’s crust. The global dataset provided by the World Stress Map offers a rich resource of stress indicators, facilitating the calibration of mechanical models to extract complete stress and displacement fields. However, traditional inversion processes are hampered by the manual tuning of geomechanical properties and boundary conditions to reconcile simulations with observations. In this study, we introduce ML-SEISMIC (machine learning for stress estimation integrating satellite image and computational modelling), a physics-informed deep neural network approach to autonomously align stress orientation data with an elastic model. It nearly completely bypasses the need for explicit boundary condition inputs and yields comprehensive distributions of material properties, displacements, and stress tensors. Application of this methodology to Australia, coupled with precise global navigation satellite systems observations, unveils a robust and scale-independent interpolation framework. Additionally, it pinpoints regions where stress orientation reinterpretation is warranted. Our results present a streamlined yet powerful process, offering a substantial leap forward in geodynamic investigations. This approach promises to unify velocity and stress orientation observations with physical models, ushering in a new era of insights into Earth’s dynamic processes.
Efficient energy transport in constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator-based power units
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Zhao Zhihao , Hu Yuexiao , Gao Yikui , He Lixia , Qiao Wenyan , Zhang Baofeng , Xu Youlong , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: December 2023

The energy transport in TENG-based power units is investigated and a real-time intelligent energy optimization system (RIEOS) is built to achieve efficient energy transport from a system integration optimization perspective.
Controllable long-term lithium replenishment for enhancing energy density and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Ganxiong , Wan Wang , Nie Quan , Zhang Can , Chen Xinlong , Lin Weihuang , Wei Xuezhe , Huang Yunhui , Li Ju , Wang Chao
Published: December 2023

A controllable and sustainable lithium replenishment strategy was developed to achieve high-energy-density and long-lifespan lithium-ion batteries.
Enhancement mechanism of quantum yield in core/shell/shell quantum dots of ZnS–AgIn5S8/ZnIn2S4/ZnS
Authors: Jeong Seonghyun , Ko Minji , Nam Sangwon , Oh Jun Hwan , Park Seung Min , Do Young Rag , Song Jae Kyu
Published: December 2023

The alloying/shelling processes enhance the weakly-allowed transition by the evolution of electronic structures and suppress the nonradiative process by the reconstructed lattice and passivated surface, ultimately leading to the high QY of 85%.
Insight into the conformational selectivity of cobalt(iii) complexes with a tetradentate salen-type Schiff base ligand and their biorelevant catalysis: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Jana Narayan Ch. , Brandão Paula , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Panja Anangamohan
Published: December 2023

A series of mononuclear CoIII complexes showing conformational selectivity (stepped vs. umbrella) and biomimetic catalytic activities are reported.
Electrostatically induced reconstruction of the 3D nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx electrode and its excellent desalination performance for hybrid capacitive deionization
Authors: Wu Jiao , Chen Bingbing , Feng Aihu , Liu Kun , Yu Yun
Published: December 2023

Preparation of 3D nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx (3D-N-Ti3C2Tx) and its efficient CDI performance.
Tailoring co-catalysts on Si photocathodes for efficient photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction: recent progress and prospects of deposition methods
Authors: Seo Dongho , Ma Ahyeon , Kwon Taesung , Nam Ki Min
Published: December 2023

This review examines recent advancements in co-catalyst design and loading strategies for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction, emphasizing deposition methods such as physical vapor deposition, drop-casting, and photo/electrodeposition.
Exploring the use of rigid 18-membered macrocycles with amide pendant arms for Pb(ii)-based radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Harriswangler Charlene , McNeil Brooke L. , Brandariz-Lendoiro Isabel , Lucio-Martínez Fátima , Valencia Laura , Esteban-Gómez David , Ramogida Caterina F. , Platas-Iglesias Carlos
Published: December 2023

Large 18-membered macrocycles functionalised with amide pendants show great potential for the complexation of Pb(ii) radioisotopes, particularly when incorporating rigid cyclohexyl units into the macrocyclic scaffold.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Celiac Plexus Block Can Be a Useful Procedure for Pain Relief in Chronic Pancreatitis When Used Selectively
Authors: Sonthalia Nikhil , Patil Vikram , Tewari Awanish , Roy Akash , Goenka Mahesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided celiac plexus block (CPB) for pain relief in chronic pancreatitis (CP) has wide variation in results as reported in the literature. The objective was to find out the efficacy of EUS-CPB in painful CP from our region where phenotype of CP is different from West and to find out factors favoring response to EUS-CPB.

Methods and Results: Patients with known CP who underwent EUS-CPB were assessed for response to CPB. Response to EUS-CPB was recorded as more than 50% reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain severity at 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after procedure. Factors between responders and nonresponders were analyzed. Among 29 patients who underwent EUS-CPB during the study period, response was seen in 72.4% patients after the procedure. The mean time to response to EUS-CPB was 1.22 (± 0.43) days. Mean duration of response was 8 months (± 4.73). Short duration of painful CP (≤2 years) was seen in 15 patients (51.72%) and long duration (>2 years) was seen in 14 (48.27%). Among responders (21/29), those patients who had short duration of disease had significantly lower median VAS score at 12 weeks, (1 versus 3, p-value= 0.026) and at 24 weeks, (1.5 versus 2.5, p-value= 0.049), as compared to those with longer duration of disease. Overall, 83.3% males responded as compared to 54.54% females (p = 0.04). Significant proportion of subjects who responded either stopped or used analgesics occasionally (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in response to EUS-CPB with respect to age, prior history of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), etiology of CP, prior history of surgery, or whether only EUS-CBP was done (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion: EUS-CPB can be effective when used in select group of painful CP patient who are not immediate candidates for surgery especially in early course of disease. It can be offered to patients with persistent pain despite optimum medical therapy. When effective, it can reduce need for analgesic medication at least in short to medium term.
Spin–orbital coupling in all-inorganic metal-halide perovskites: The hidden force that matters
Authors: Anandan Pradeep Raja , Nadeem Muhammad , Lin Chun-Ho , Singh Simrjit , Guan Xinwei , Kim Jiyun , Shahrokhi Shamim , Rahaman Md Zahidur , Geng Xun , Huang Jing-Kai , Nguyen Hien , Hu Hanlin , Sharma Pankaj , Seidel Jan , Wang Xiaolin , Wu Tom
Published: December 2023

Highlighted with improved long-term thermal and environmental stability, all-inorganic metal halide perovskites exhibit tunable physical properties, cost-effective synthesis, and satisfactory optoelectronic performance, attracting increasing research interest worldwide. However, a less explored feature of these materials is their strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which is the hidden force influencing not only band structure but also properties including magnetoresistance, spin lifetime, and singlet-triplet splitting. This review provides an overview of the fundamental aspects and the latest progress of the SOC and debate regarding Rashba effects in all-inorganic metal halide perovskites, providing critical insight into the physical phenomena and potential applications. Meanwhile, crystal structures and photophysics of all-inorganic perovskite are discussed in the context of SOC, along with the related experimental and characterization techniques. Furthermore, a recent understanding of the band topology in the all-inorganic halide perovskites is introduced to push the boundary even further for the novel applications of all-inorganic halide perovskites. Finally, an outlook is given on the potential directions of breakthroughs via leveraging the SOC in halide perovskites.
Nonlinear mode coupling in graphene-buried optical waveguides
Authors: Jiang Lianzhong , Jiang Wenfan , Chiang Kin Seng
Published: December 2023

The photothermal effect of graphene, which refers to the effect of converting light absorbed by graphene into heat, offers an effective physical mechanism for the realization of all-optical control devices. In this paper, we explore this physical mechanism for the study of nonlinear mode-coupling effects with three graphene-buried waveguide structures: a graphene-buried long-period waveguide grating, a symmetric directional coupler with graphene buried in two cores, and a symmetric directional coupler with graphene buried in one core. We establish physical models for these graphene-buried waveguide structures based on the coupled-mode theory and experimentally implement these structures with polymer waveguides. Our experimental results agree well with the theoretical analyses. The nonlinear mode-coupling effects generated in the graphene-buried waveguide structures show similar characteristics as those achieved with Kerr nonlinearity, but the input powers required in our experiments are much lower (only several tens of milliwatts), which can be delivered by common continuous-wave lasers. The graphene-buried waveguide platform makes feasible the generation of strong nonlinear mode-coupling effects at low powers and offers much flexibility for nonlinearity engineering, which can greatly facilitate the investigation of nonlinear mode-coupling effects in different waveguide structures for practical applications.
Isotropic exchange-bias in twinned epitaxial Co/Co3O4 bilayer
Authors: Wortmann Martin , Samanta Tapas , Gaerner Maik , Westphal Michael , Fiedler Johannes , Ennen Inga , Hütten Andreas , Blachowicz Tomasz , Caron Luana , Ehrmann Andrea
Published: December 2023

Exchange bias (EB) is a unidirectional anisotropy caused by interface coupling between a ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet. It causes a preferential direction of magnetization in the ferromagnet, which manifests as a shift of the hysteresis loop along the magnetic field axis. Here, we demonstrate a large EB of over 1000 Oe at 20 K in a twinned Co(111)/Co3O4(111) thin film epitaxially grown on sapphire(0001) with sixfold rotational lattice symmetry, which is among the highest values reported for Co/Co1−yO systems. In such systems, the effect intensity is largest along the magnetic easy axes, which usually results in an anisotropy of the EB in epitaxial interfaces. However, we observed identical EB values for 0°, 15°, and 30° angles between the magnetic field and the nearest Co[002] magnetic easy axes. The measurements imply a relaxation of the magnetization to the nearest easy axis, suggesting increasingly isotropic EB fields with higher orders of rotational lattice symmetry.
Transparent conformal metasurface absorber for ultrawideband radar cross section reduction
Authors: Khan Hamza Asif , Majeed Abdul , Zahra Hijab , Kakepoto Fatima Ghulam , Abbas Syed Muzahir , Alathbah Moath
Published: December 2023

Flexible metasurface (MS) based absorbers have gained significant importance in recent years due to their possible use in non-planar radar stealth applications, however, their narrow bandwidth and insensitivity to incidence angles limit their potential use. In this work, we present an ultrawideband and angular insensitive MS absorber based on indium tin oxide (ITO), polyethylene-terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride, that is both transparent and flexible. Broad-spectrum absorption can be maximized by using ITO with modest sheet resistance upon interaction with electromagnetic (EM) waves. To further validate the absorption performance, the radar cross section (RCS) characteristics are investigated. The results indicate that over 10 dB RCS reduction is realized across an ultra-wide frequency range of 13.30–39.76 GHz, with relative bandwidth up to 100% for planar MS under linearly and circularly polarized incidence EM waves. Furthermore, the RCS reduction performance of an MS is well maintained in the abovementioned frequency band when it is bent with various bending angles. The proposed MS is a promising contender for practical applications in microwave stealth technology due to its additional advantages of visible transparency, mechanical flexibility, low profile, wide-angle stability, and polarization insensitivity.
Chiral anomaly and Weyl orbit in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 grown on Si
Authors: Lin Wei-Chen , Tsai Peng-Ying , Zou Jia-Zhu , Lee Jie-Ying , Kuo Chun-Wei , Lee Hsin-Hsuan , Pan Ching-Yang , Yang Cheng-Hsueh , Chen Sheng-Zong , Wang Jyh-Shyang , Jiang Pei-hsun , Liang Chi-Te , Chuang Chiashain
Published: December 2023

Preparing Cd3As2, which is a three-dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetal in certain crystal orientation, on Si is highly desirable as such a sample may well be fully compatible with existing Si CMOS technology. However, there is a dearth of such a study regarding Cd3As2 films grown on Si showing the chiral anomaly. Here, for the first time, we report the novel preparation and fabrication technique of a Cd3As2 (112) film on a Si (111) substrate with a ZnTe (111) buffer layer which explicitly shows the chiral anomaly with a nontrivial Berry’s phase of π. Despite the Hall carrier density (

n

3
D

≈

9.42
×

10

17

cm−3) of our Cd3As2 film, which is almost beyond the limit for the portents of a 3D Dirac semimetal to emerge, we observe large linear magnetoresistance in a perpendicular magnetic field and negative magnetoresistance in a parallel magnetic field. These results clearly demonstrate the chiral magnetic effect and 3D Dirac semimetallic behavior in our silicon-based Cd3As2 film. Our tailoring growth of Cd3As2 on a conventional substrate such as Si keeps the sample quality, while also achieving a low carrier concentration.
Role of Coulomb blockade in nonlinear transport of conducting polymers
Authors: Guo Zean , Wang Jiawei , Hu Ke , Shan Yu
Published: December 2023

Nonlinear I–V characteristics associated with Coulomb blockade (CB) in conducting polymers were systematically investigated. At low temperatures, a crossover from Ohmic to nonlinear behavior was observed, along with drastically enhanced noise in differential conductance right from the crossover. The fluctuation can be well explained by the Coulombic oscillation in the collective percolation system, where the charge transport is related to the Coulombic charging energy between crystalline domains. Furthermore, a distinct quantum conductance, the fingerprint of CB caused by the individual tunneling between crystalline grains, was observed in sub-100 nm devices, confirming a strong association between nonlinear I–V characteristics and CB effect.
Induced ageing of ZnS:Ag microparticles exposed to 13 keV electron beam
Authors: Scurtu A , Ticos D , Mitu M L , Dumitru M , Udrea N , Ticoș C M
Published: December 2023

Phosphorescent microparticles made of ZnS:Ag were exposed to pulsed electron beams with an energy of 13 keV for periods of time between 30 min and 240 min. An XRD analysis showed no modification of crystalline structure. The average cristalites of ZnS:Ag was 62 nm deduced from SEM imaging. The luminescence spectra showed a decreasing activity with 40% after 30 min of irradiation at a fluence of 5.79 ×1016 electrons/cm2. The broad peak between 445 nm to 480 nm centered aroud 460 nm with a FWHM almost constant aroud 80 nm show no shifting. After a long exposure (over 240 min) and a fluence of 4.60 ×1017 electrons/cm2, the powder suffered a blackening effect attributed to formation of dead layers under electronic excitation combined with increasing of Sulphur vacancies, quantitatively confirmed by EDS analysis, where the proportion of S in ZnS:Ag decreases from 31.42% to 13.75%. Also, the luminescence at this moment dropped to almost 90% under the electron beam effect. The thermal effect could not be correlated with luminescence quenching, which was attributed to the increase in the number of impurities.
Solvability and Ulam-Hyers stability analysis for nonlinear piecewise fractional cancer dynamic systems
Authors: Khan Shahid , Shah Kamal , Debbouche Amar , Zeb Salman , Antonov Valery
Published: December 2023

We examine a nonlinear dynamical model that depicts the interaction between cancerous cells and an oncolytic virus. For best modelling the disease, we use the Caputo fractional derivative in piecewise approaches. By employing piecemeal techniques, we treat a compartment in the body that contains infectious and non-infectious cells. More precisely, the solvability and Ulam-Hyers (U-H) stability results are considered using standard concepts. Further, to support our investigation with numerical results, we apply the Euler method to develop an approximation solution. It connected with numerous graphical representations of the system using various arbitrary ordering and varying values of the isolation parameters. Here we remark that the multi-step behavior that certain problems exhibit, is one of important issues naturally. This paper introduces the idea of piecewise derivative with the goal of modeling real-world issues that follow multiples processes. With the help of the used approach, we investigate the cancer disease model and its transmission dynamical behavior with crossover effect.
In vitro degradation and dry sliding wear characteristics of AZ31/TiO2 nanocomposites for biomedical application
Authors: Mohammed K Thoufiq , Manisekar K
Published: December 2023

This study concentrated on the degradation and wear characteristics of nanocomposites reinforced with (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 wt%) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the AZ31 Mg alloy fabricated by the stir casting method. Optical microscopy and FESEM images showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles were distributed uniformly and the intermetallic phase Mg17Al12 observed along the grain boundaries. The surfaces of the nanocomposite samples was gradually covered with a magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) protective layer after 48 h of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The immersed composite samples contained several white hydroxyapatite and magnesium phosphate particles. The addition of up to 1.5 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles reduced the degradation rate of the nanocomposites in SBF, while further addition increased it. FESEM images of the immersed samples revealed the presence of corrosion pits and cracks on the AZ31 alloy and its nanocomposites. Under dry conditions with varying loads, the wear characteristics of fabricated nanocomposites were studied using computerised pin-on-disc equipment. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles up to 1.5 wt% improved the wear resistance of the nanocomposites. However, the further addition increased the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss due to agglomeration and porosity in the nanocomposites. The FESEM morphology of the worn surface and wear debris revealed that abrasion was the primary wear mechanism at low loads, and abrasion with severe plastic deformation and delamination were dominant at higher loads.
Analysis of learnability of a novel hybrid quantum–classical convolutional neural network in image classification
Authors: Cheng 程 Tao 涛 , Zhao 赵 Run-Sheng 润盛 , Wang 王 Shuang 爽 , Wang 王 Rui 睿 , Ma 马 Hong-Yang 鸿洋
Published: December 2023

We design a new hybrid quantum–classical convolutional neural network (HQCCNN) model based on parameter quantum circuits. In this model, we use parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) to redesign the convolutional layer in classical convolutional neural networks, forming a new quantum convolutional layer to achieve unitary transformation of quantum states, enabling the model to more accurately extract hidden information from images. At the same time, we combine the classical fully connected layer with PQCs to form a new hybrid quantum–classical fully connected layer to further improve the accuracy of classification. Finally, we use the MNIST dataset to test the potential of the HQCCNN. The results indicate that the HQCCNN has good performance in solving classification problems. In binary classification tasks, the classification accuracy of numbers 5 and 7 is as high as 99.71%. In multivariate classification, the accuracy rate also reaches 98.51%. Finally, we compare the performance of the HQCCNN with other models and find that the HQCCNN has better classification performance and convergence speed.
Crystal structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Cobalt−doped breathing pyrochlore LiInCr4−xCoxO8
Authors: Bian Jian , Wang Xiaotian , Feng Yuan , Tong Huijuan , Zu Hao , Yu Yang , Wang Sen , Zu Jia , Zhang He , Liu Hui
Published: December 2023

Here, the structural, magnetic, and dielectric features of breathing pyrochlore LiInCr4−xCoxO8 were investigated. The XRD analysis showed changes in Cr–Cr length and distorted CrO6 octahedral as Co ion doping level rises. The x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements showed that there are both Co2+ and Co3+ ions in the LiInCr4−xCoxO8 compounds. The difference between temperature-dependent magnetization curves during field cooling and zero-field cooling suggested that there is a spin-glass state, which was verified by the heat capacity measurement. Doping affects the bond length, which affects the magnetic properties and electronic properties. The dielectric characteristics were systematically studied, and the temperature dependence of the dielectric loss and dielectric constant was examined in the temperature range of 323−573 K at various frequencies. The dielectric behavior strongly changes with the change in temperature and/or frequency. The activation energies of grain boundary resistance of doped samples show a decreasing trend with increasing doping.
Influence of SLM block support design on geometrical quality of AISI 316 l cantilever features and its impact on post-processing
Authors: Pollicini Lorenzo , Mazzucato Federico , Valente Anna
Published: December 2023

In Selective Laser Melting, the design of efficient support structures is the key to enable the production of high-quality functional parts exhibiting complex shapes with improved geometrical accuracy. Nonetheless, from a process point of view, supports are waste material that must be minimized to reduce production costs and post-processing. Despite the recent technological advances, support optimization is based on time- and resource-consuming trial-and-error experimental campaigns, while support removal is primarily a manual operation which requires a consistent human effort and consumable consumption. Nowadays, the industry is demanding a tool capable to optimize support design and placement based on part geometry and building orientation, by ensuring high part geometrical accuracy along with reduced timing for post-processing operations. Specifically, the purpose of this experimental campaign, is to evaluate the influence of support thickness and tooth length on the dimensional accuracy of AISI 316 l cantilever specimens in order to form a solid baseline of knowledge for the future realization of an automated algorithm for optimized support structure generation based on both part and process requirements. The experimental results show that the support thickness strongly affects the final part distortion, reducing the as-built geometrical deviation by 72.6% when wall thickness increases up to 0.7 mm, whereas tooth length has a higher impact on post-processing when decreased from 0.7 mm to 0.3 mm, reducing support time removal and consumables usage respectively up to 40.5% and 72.7%. The achieved results highlight that the implementation of optimized support structures ensuring low geometrical deviation and involving reduced resource consumption in post-processing is feasible. These findings provide the starting design rules for the engineering of an empirical methodology, based on thermomechanical modelling, enabling optimized design and implementation of SLM support structures.
Investigations of phase change materials in battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: a review
Authors: Dolla Dereje Arijamo , Fetene Melkam Gebeyehu
Published: December 2023

Taking advantage of electric vehicles’ low pollution, the world is changing its face toward electric vehicle (EV) production. As EVs rely heavily on specialized batteries, it’s important to manage them safely and properly to prevent thermal runaway. High ambient temperatures and varied charging/discharging rates increase battery temperature. To address these challenges, Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) come into play. This work focuses on passive cooling in BTMS, which is one of two categories of BTMS, with the other being active cooling using liquid-air systems. Passive BTMS has gained prominence in research due to its cost-effectiveness, reliability, and energy efficiency, as it avoids the need for additional components like pumps/fans. This article specifically discusses recent experimental studies regarding phase change material (PCM)-based thermal management techniques for battery packs. It explores methods for enhancing thermal conductivity in PCMs and identifies methodologies for BTMS experiments using PCMs. Also recommends the importance of optimization techniques like machine learning, temperature sensors, and state-of-charge management, to ensure accuracy and uniform temperature distribution across the pack. While paraffin wax has been a popular choice in experimental studies for its capacity to absorb and release heat during phase transitions, as a matter of its low thermal conductivity (0.2 to 0.3 Wk−1m−1) limits reaction in rapid charging/discharging of batteries. So integration with highly thermally conductive additives is recommended. Additives such as heat pipes offer superior thermal conductivity compared to expanded graphite (5 to 200 Wk−1m−1). As a result, the integration of heat pipes further reduces the temperature of battery by 28.9% in addition to the reduction of 33.6% by pure PCMs in time of high charge/discharge rates (5 C to 8 C). So high-conductivity additives correlate directly with improved thermal performance and are essential for maintaining optimal battery temperatures and overall reliability in EV battery packs.