bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AERE Library Computer Based Loans System: an Introduction
Authors: Wilson C.W.J.
Published: February 2008

Harwell Library exists chiefly to provide a service to about 1, 200 professional scientists and engineers. The number of active borrowers at the beginning of October 1970 was 643. In addition, there are three other independent laboratories on the Harwell site; universities, firms, foreign agencies, etc. also make frequent application to the AERE library for loan or retention of documents. By special library standards, the library is large with the collection numbering over half a million items. Issues of documents for loan or retention number about 76, 000 per annum, with little variation over the past few years.
Computerising the Recording and Control of Periodical Circulation in an Industrial Information Service
Authors: Campbell D.J. , Morton M.
Published: February 2008

The paper describes the old method of recording and control of periodical circulation and the reasons which led to the adoption of the computer system. The methods of programming and housekeeping, and the reasons for their adoption are also given. This appears to be the first use of a computer for this purpose in Britain.
Conversion of Library Card Catalogues
Authors: French Thomas
Published: February 2008

A survey of some means—mostly photographic or mechanised—of converting a large card catalogue to book form. Details are those calculated for the Main Library catalogues at Birmingham University.
Comparison of Computerised Loans Systems in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Lingenberg W.
Published: February 2008

This is a translation of a paper in the colloquium Automatisierung der Ausleihverbuchung: Erfahrungen und Perspektiven organised by the Arbeitsstelle für Bibliothekstechnik in Berlin on 26 and 27 January 1971. The compilation was made by analogy with the review of British computer‐based loans systems published in Program Vol. 3, p. 127–146. A review of the German language version of the colloquium is published on p. 000 of this issue.
A KWIC‐KWOC Double Index with Manual Keyword Selection
Authors: Thomas G. , Whitehall T.
Published: February 2008

The production of a keyword in context (KWIC) index by H. Luhn of IBM was a great step forward in the technique of automatic information handling. Although Luhn proposed the KWIC Index as a means of alerting recipients to current material, it has been widely used ever since to produce indexes for retrospective search purposes as well.
Computer Typesetting the “Aslib Index to Theses”
Authors: Weyman B. , Weyman A. , Davis J.
Published: February 2008

In 1967 Aslib Research and Development Department published a note describing experimental work on computer‐aided typesetting, and announcing that further research was planned. The proposed programme of work was carried out by the authors of the present paper, during their sojourns as members of the Department. The results are here reported.
Automation at Loughborough: a Status Report
Authors: Wall R.A.
Published: February 2008

The history of the project dates back to 1966, when it was envisaged that this library should develop an automated systems approach. While it was considered highly desirable to participate in automated information retrieval research, the ‘housekeeping’ processes were regarded as a necessary foundation. The aim was to achieve optimal rather than maximal automation, that is, to develop automated systems encompassing the functions of present manual systems, but only when these functions could also be surpassed sufficiently to justify the cost of automation. At the same time, the housekeeping systems were to be viewed as a whole, and appropriate interfaces provided between them so as to provide an integrated series of systems.
The Computerized, Punched Card Loans Control System at AWRE, Aldermaston
Authors: Searle R.H. , Corbett L.
Published: February 2008

An IBM 029 card punch is used daily to prepare transaction cards, based on master cards for books and borrowers, which form the computer input to update and process the library loans files on disk once each fortnight. The system handles over 100 new loans and renewals each day, giving an annual total of some 25,000 transactions. Output from the computer includes addressed overdue book reminders and various lists. Overall running costs average £120 per month with the cost of a single loan transaction 6p. The same system also controls reports loans. A computer‐based loans control system has been operating at Aldermaston since 1965 when a punched card system, designed for use with an IBM 1460 computer was introduced to replace a four‐part continuous stationary system which had become ineffective through overloading and staff shortage. This, the first computer‐based loans control system to become operational in the United Kingdom, was adapted from one used at the General Electric Company's nuclear establishment at Hanford. The system continued to operate on our next computer, an IBM 360/40 using the ‘1460 emulation mode’, but with the loss of this feature in 1969 when an IBM 360/50 computer was installed it was necessary to reprogram. The time available in which to reprogram was limited by the computer changeover date to only a few weeks. In view of this, and our ultimate aim of fully integrated loans and catalogue records with on‐line access which will require a completely new system, it was decided to make only essential changes and modifications to the existing system. The resulting system (Fig. 1) while basically similar to its predecessor in outline is more sophisticated in detail. The library serves a potential 2,000 customers and has two distinct and separate service points: the Reading Room with a collection of over 26,000 books and pamphlets, of which approximately 7,000 are on loan at any one time, and the Reports Library which has over 230,000 microfiches and microcards and a further 46,000 paper copy reports. The loans control requirements for both departments are similar but not identical. Reports are on closed access, are less used individually than books, have complex serial number references and some are security classified with inherent receipting requirements. One set of program routines processes the loans records of both sections,but on alternate weeks, giving a fortnightly update to each department. A brief tabular outline of the system has already been published in Program. In this paper the description concentrates on the book loans procedures with only a summary of the reports procedures where the differences are substantial.
The University of Bradford Library Issue System
Authors: Ford Pauline , Cole G.J.
Published: February 2008

This article is not a comprehensive account of the University of Bradford issue system. It is an attempt to highlight some of the distinguishing features, setting them in the context of a brief description of the system. The data collection equipment and the linking of multiple copies is described in detail, while much of the rest of the system, similar to others elsewhere, is only outlined.
The Wessex Medical Library Circulation System
Authors: Phillips C.M. , King T.A.
Published: February 2008

Stage 2 of the Southampton University Library circulation system has been adapted for use in the two branches of the Wessex Medical Library, without the use of data collection terminals. The proposed card‐based system is described, and minor enhancements to the existing SUL system are noted.
A Redesigned Record Structure for the Newcastle File Handling System
Authors: Cooke Michael , Alexander Gray William
Published: February 2008

Since 1964 Newcastle University Computing Laboratory has had its own file handling systems for bibliographic records: two systems were developed in parallel for use on an ICL KDF9 computer. In 1967 a third and more sophisticated system compatible with the two KDF9 systems was designed and implemented for use on the newly arrived IBM 360/67. This paper describes the record structure upon which the new system is based. Some of the utilities which make up the file handling system are briefly described, as are some of the projects, both ‘library’ and ‘non‐library’, which have made use of the new system.
The LASER Union Catalogue and a National ISBN Interlending System
Authors: Christophers R.A.
Published: February 2008

The disadvantages of notifying libraries' holdings to Regional Library Bureaux by means of BNB numbers are described. Since mid‐1970 an ISBN‐based notification system has been used by LASER: member libraries notify holdings as lists of ISBNs which are key‐punched and used to update a master magnetic tape record. The LASER location index is output as COM film every two months. The technical and administrative features of the extension of this system to other Regional Bureaux are described.
Book Selection from MARC Tapes: a Feasibility Study
Authors: Wainwright Jane , Hills Jacqueline
Published: February 2008

The technical and economic feasibility of providing selective notifications of current books to specialised libraries by extraction from MARC tapes has been explored. An experimental on‐line system ‘MARCAS’ was used to test profile construction and the utility of the various elements in MARC records as search keys. The programs allowed both weighted and Boolean searching on the title and author, LC classification and subject headings, and the BNB Precis indexing terms and Reference Index Numbers. Test profiles were constructed for nine libraries covering a range of subject fields, and run on six weeks of BNB and six weeks of LC MARC tapes. The output was assessed for relevance and recall, and the results analysed in terms of precision and recall for various combinations of searchable fields. The best performance, with recall and precision both about 50%, was given by searching all verbal fields together—title and author, LC subject headings, and (BNB tapes only) Precis indexing terms. Costs for the experimental on‐line system, and a batch version of the system, are identified.
MARC Development
Authors: Coward R.E.
Published: February 2008

The paper began with the announcement that the MARC Project, as set up in 1967, was now formally finished. The final report had been written and submitted to OSTI. The original terms of reference of the Project, which were to ‘test the feasibility of creating and using machine‐readable catalogue records’, had long been out of date. It was time to begin to regard MARC as just another service in a stable of bibliographic services.
Practical Implications of Computer Use in Information Work
Authors: Robinson F.
Published: February 2008

The paper discussed the practicality of computer use in information work under four general headings—
The OSTI‐supported Library Automation Projects
Authors: Mary Overton C.
Published: February 2008

The work of the OSTI‐supported library housekeeping automation projects at the British National Bibliography, the University Libraries of Loughborough, Southampton, Oxford, Surrey, Lancaster, and Bath, and in the Birmingham Libraries' Cooperative Mechanisation Project and the South West University Libraries Systems Cooperative Project is described, and the state of progress of each as at Summer 1973 is indicated.
Brunel University Library Circulation Control System
Authors: Beale Christopher B. , Carter Martin
Published: February 2008

This article concentrates on the distinctive features of a circulation control system designed to achieve simplicity of procedure at the final user/system interface. The system has been operating off‐line since September 1972, but the design of the data file structures also permits on‐line interrogation. Methods of book and borrower numbering, and the handling of multiple‐copy reservations are described. Flexible day‐to‐day control of processing and outputs required is exercised by the library by the input of parameter cards. Printout has been reduced to a minimum, all notices to borrowers are printed on a single pre‐printed form, and as much use as possible is made of information already recorded manually. The system seeks to achieve automation of data control without the proliferation of data records which a computer system can tend to encourage.
MICROCAT—A Very Short Entry Catalogue
Authors: Francis B. , Phillips C.M.
Published: February 2008

Southampton University Library has been collecting data from the automated circulation system since 1966. All early issue records, together with details from arrivals cards for all books bought since 1966, have been combined to produce a very minimal entry record for each of approximately 130 000 volumes, there being only a classmark, author, title, and book number lor each entry. This file has been used as a stopgap measure to produce temporary author, title, and class catalogues for the Wessex Medical Library since its removal to the Medical and Biological Sciences building. Selected lists of books held in certain class areas have been produced for other departments to supplement the complete card catalogue. The usefulness and short‐comings of these abbreviated records are described, together with the problems involved in updating the file.
The Uses of OCR and COM in Information Work
Authors: Robinson F.
Published: February 2008

OCR and COM are relevant to and useful in the computer operation of information systems; both usually involve the use of an outside bureau. This paper describes both techniques, with emphasis on practical points for making the most efficient use of each. Guidelines to the selection of OCR and COM bureaux, to systems design, and to the costs of the techniques are given.
The Universal Standard Book Number (USBN): a New Method for the Construction of Control Numbers for Bibliographical Records
Authors: Ayers F.H.
Published: February 2008

A method is described for the construction of a control number for a bibliographical record which could provide a universal standard book number for that record. Since the new number relies on logical processes for its construction it could be obtained either manually or on the computer. The USBN consists of nine elements. The two most important of these are obtained from the title, and use a code for their construction which is based on the frequency of distribution of alphabetic letters.
Compression of Bibliographic Data Bases Using a Variable to Fixed‐length Bit‐string Coding Transformation
Authors: Creasey Susan E. , Lynch Michael F. , Howard Petrie J.
Published: February 2008

The application of a variable to fixed‐length compression coding technique to two bibliographic data bases (MARC and INSPEC) is described. By appropriate transformation of characters or digrams into bit patterns reflecting more accurately the distributions of characters in the data bases, and application of the encoding process, varying degrees of compression can be obtained.
Adapting the KWOC Indexing Technique to Produce Journal Listings
Authors: Elvin P.J.
Published: February 2008

KWOC programs from the ‘COIN’ suit (the COBOL indexing package produced by the National Computing Centre) have been adapted to produce a journal listing and to print selective listings of journals having specified characteristics. The production of journal check‐in record sheets by line printer is also described.
British Library Filing Rules Committee: a Progress Report
Authors: Phillips C.M.
Published: February 2008

The British Library Filing Rules Committee aims to devise a code of filing rules for use by the British Library and to draw up a simplified sub‐set of rules for use by systems with less complex requirements. Considerations have included: 1. principles of filing; 2. identification of elements which have filing significance; 3. the filing order of these elements; 4. the filing order of characters within elements. This is an interim report and seeks comment from anyone interested; it is hoped that the final version of the rules will be published in 1975.
The Engineering Information Service at Loughborough University: Practical Experience in Providing an SDI Service from COMPENDEX Tapes
Authors: Linn Peter M.
Published: February 2008

A brief description of COMPENDEX (COMputerized ENgineering InDEX) is followed by a rationale of the information service run from this data base by the Library at Loughborough University. Development of the Engineering Information Service is described and its facilities are outlined. Experience and problems in running the service during its first two years are summarised and directions for future development are suggested.
On‐line Circulation Control in Havering Public Libraries
Authors: Partridge D.A.
Published: February 2008

The system was introduced simultaneously in February 1975 into all ten libraries within the London Borough of Havering and is the first to provide on‐line facilities linking this number of service points. It performs four main functions: on‐line circulation control, off‐line batch processing, on‐line reservation control, and on‐line and off‐line enquiry systems. The hardware used is the Interdata 74 model mini‐computer, which processes all on‐line functions within Havering, while the G.L.C. mainframe IBM 370/145 computer provides off‐line facilities. The Plessey data pen is the data capture device used at all service points, while interrogation facilities are provided via a teletype terminal at the central library. All service points are linked to the central processor, situated at the central library, by Post Office Datel 100 telecommunication lines.
Management Information from an Automated Issue System: Design of an Archive File of Transactions
Authors: Senior C.G. , Robinson M.E.
Published: February 2008

The system was implemented at Loughborough University in 1972, with the purpose of using an archive file containing details of every issue system transaction processed, to supply information on the use of the library. The original archive file structure was not satisfactory. The original and new systems are described. Five programs were envisaged in the original system; details are given of the program for analysing the usage of books recommended on reading lists. The new archive file required ease of access by accession‐number, borrower number then date, and was on tape. The functions of each of the seven new file conversion programs are outlined; the new archives are produced annually with a 50 per cent reduction in processing compared with the old system. (Aslib.)
The National Serials Data Centre
Authors: Woodward A.M.
Published: February 2008

The very nature of serials, which are so often subject to changes in title, frequency, and format, poses considerable problems for bibliographic control. These problems are accentuated when automation is introduced into libraries. The establishment of the UK National Serials Data Centre will become a focus for the development of serials processing both within the British Library and nationally. As the UK national centre of the International Serials Data System, the Centre is already registering serials published within the UK and assigning to them International Standard Serial Numbers (ISSN). The Centre is also establishing a national database of serials information, and will be able to provide a number of services for libraries.
Input methods for United Kingdom computer‐based circulation systems
Authors: Pickles Janet S.
Published: February 2008

Input methods for circulation systems are considered, with particular attention to the range of checks possible at the time data is being input. The amount of checking possible depends on whether the system is off‐line, on‐line real‐time, or hybrid, although the advent of microprocessors enables extra checking to take place in all these types of system. Examples are given of checks, which can detect hardware malfunctioning and operator error, and can compare information, as it is input, against variable sets of data (e.g., in an on‐line real‐time system, against the number of books on loan to a borrower). A list of points to consider when assessing data collection equipment is given, followed by notes on the three kinds of equipment (ALS, Plessey, Telepen) most widely used in United Kingdom circulation systems. It is noted that there is an increasing range of choice of equipment and software, and that the major consideration when assessing the options must be the individual library's requirements.
Backfile conversion today: CIM era or chimera?
Authors: Ross John , Royan Bruce
Published: February 2008

The difficulties of retrospective library catalogue conversion are described. Computer Input Microfilm (CIM) is compared with more conventional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques. After giving examples of known uses of the technique, and listing studies of it in a library context, the paper outlines the scope for such a system within a very large library such as the British Library.
Some aspects of library automation in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Lingenberg Walter
Published: February 2008

This paper gives a brief account of national, regional and some special activities in the field of library automation in the Federal Republic of Germany. Among others, the influence of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (German Research Association) is discussed. A short description of the Arbeitsstelle für Bibliothekstechnik (ABT) (Institute for Library Technology) and the Zentralstelle für maschinelle Dokumentation (ZMD) (Centre for machine methods in Documentation) is given. Besides some regional plans and projects, the system of cooperative serials cataloguing and the central serials data bank are dealt with.
Development of a COM fiche catalogue system at a College of Advanced Education in Queensland Australia
Authors: Emmett James
Published: February 2008

Beginning with a brief history and explanation of the project, this article goes on to discuss the system in some detail, emphasising its simplicity and flexibility, and stresses the implications of the system for library management. The evaluation, although relevant, is already out of date because the system is now working successfully on an “in‐house mini”. Written for librarians by a librarian, this paper should be of interest and assistance to those who are involved in or are considering automating their systems.
Reviews
Authors: Woods R.G. , Terry J.E. , Eyre John , Woods Rollo
Published: February 2008

Misunderstandings, delays, Jack of access to the machine, inadequate program packages and over‐optimistic promises from the manufacturers, staff changes and a complete change of machine are all part of the ordinary background to the development of a new Library system. The Humberside Libraries, who suffered from all these, were fortunate, however, in establishing excellent relations with the authority's Management Services Department, and together they have established a satisfactory system. The report gives an account of the process, a list of programs, samples of the printouts produced by the system, and of the various stages in the development of the cataloguing worksheet — another example of co‐operation between Library and computer staff.
GRIP—a personal online indexing system using a minicomputer
Authors: Parker Ian M. , Thorpe Peter
Published: February 2008

Describes the development and use of GRIP, an online information storage and retrieval system for personal indexes, using a Hewlett Packard 2100S minicomputer. Users are able to compile their own files consisting of completely unformatted records, and searching is carried out online from remote terminals often in the user's own laboratory. The potential use of the system is indicated and further possible developments outlined.
Report on a visit to European computer‐based information centres
Authors: Tedd Lucy A.
Published: February 2008

It is increasingly important, especially with the advent of EURONET, that we in Britain are kept aware of developments in Europe and vice versa. In recognition of this the British Library Research and Development Department funded visits I made in late 1977 to twelve organisations using computers for their bibliographic information services. I visited Norway, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium and Britain. My report to the British Library contains standardised descriptions of the organisations and this information is summarised in this paper.
University of York Library automation project:
Authors: Evans M.E.
Published: February 2008

The main circulation system is off‐line and as an advance booking facility offered by the existing manual system was to remain, a hybrid subsystem, partly manual and partly automated, has been developed. The automated element, using the Plessey light pen system and a direct on‐line link to the main frame computer, incorporates the loan records into the master loans file, controls the statistical record of reserve loans, creates the daily listings of the contents of the collection and monitors the reading lists. The manual system controls the booking system and the overdue loans.
Automation at Ibadan University Library
Authors: Oyemakinde Abimbola
Published: February 2008

The paper describes the beginnings and problems of automation at the Ibadan University Library, and the factors influencing the plans. Facing an increasing user population of over 60,000 and an annual intake of some 10,000 titles, the library set up an Automation Panel to plan the adoption of automated housekeeping operations. Based on an IBM 370/135, the first programs were written in 1973 to produce a serials catalogue. In 1977 the university took responsibility for producing a Union List of serials for 15 cooperating libraries. The Blackwell's North America service is being used to produce a COM‐fiche catalogue of the library's book stock. The Panel has recommended that the Plessey system be chosen for the circulation control which would initially be off‐line.
Negotiating for a computer: technical evaluation of the tenders
Authors: Ashford John H.
Published: February 2008

Procedures are described for the systematic assessment of tenders including verification of functional scope, response characteristics in interactive systems and robustness to equipment failure.
Report of a study of the potential users and application areas for free text information storage and retrieval systems in Britain, 1979–81
Authors: Ashford John H. , Matkin Derek I.
Published: February 2008

By the end of 1981 there are expected to be as many as 2000 centres in Great Britain making use of free text storage and retrieval systems. Prospective users are analysed by type of institution, and by class of computer in use or envisaged. Package systems are likely to satisfy a major part of this growth in use. Applications are expected in bibliographic services, technical information management and commercial correspondence and data retrieval. Special systems for legal data, safety standards and records, and regulations in general may also be important.
EURONET DIANE — the European on‐line information network
Authors: Mahon Barry
Published: February 2008

The historical and policy development of the project of the Commission of the European Communities to develop an information network for the nine Member States of the European Community is described. Network standards and their importance, the role of the common carriers in Europe and the future structure of information networking is also described.
An algorithm for suffix stripping
Authors: Porter M.F.
Published: February 2008

The automatic removal of suffixes from words in English is of particular interest in the field of information retrieval. An algorithm for suffix stripping is described, which has been implemented as a short, fast program in BCPL. Although simple, it performs slightly better than a much more elaborate system with which it has been compared. It effectively works by treating complex suffixes as compounds made up of simple suffixes, and removing the simple suffixes in a number of steps. In each step the removal of the suffix is made to depend upon the form of the remaining stem, which usually involves a measure of its syllable length.
Teaching about computers and library automation in Schools of Librarianship and Information Science: a comparative survey
Authors: Eyre John
Published: February 2008

Beginning with a detailed analysis of 24 published surveys and programmes of library and information science curricula from 1969–1975, the article discusses the professional continuity in changing courses. A particular problem is maintaining the identity of ‘core studies’ in professional curricula. The content and objectives of computer courses are listed and discussed. The coverage of the author's own survey is explained. All 17 schools in the U.K., 1 in Dublin and 13 in eastern U.S.A. and Canada were visited in 1978 involving interviews with over 130 people individually or in groups. Ten schools overseas provided further data in questionnaires. The results of the survey begin by summarising the various stated objectives for computer courses. There follows a review of the structure of such courses and the views on options in this subject. Outlining the titles, content, duration and staffing, the article reviews, with supporting tables, courses for computer appreciation, programming and library automation. Separate tables and commentary cover the data from the questionnaires. In the conclusions, it is emphasised that computing is now an essential part of professional education, though how much and for whom is not yet decided. Advanced courses will soon be needed for those wishing to specialise.
A brief survey of developments in computerised legal information retrieval
Authors: Bull Gillian
Published: February 2008

Starting with an explanation of the language of law, the article outlines the characteristics of legal literature and the expectations of computer‐based systems. There follows a brief evaluative survey of the development of major legal text retrieval systems throughout the world with an indication of the areas of research in progress. The final section deals with systems in the United Kingdom and the problems associated with research funding and the general organization of legal information in the country. 8 refs.
The University of London shared cataloguing system
Authors: Clayton Marlene
Published: February 2008

The University of London has developed a co‐operative cataloguing system which is administered through the University's Library Resources Co‐ordinating Committee and utilises the British Library's UNION LOCAS system. The file structure and updating procedures are described. Although the files are updated monthly in ‘batch mode’ the system incorporates both offline and online methods of data entry. Products of the system include a union catalogue and variety of individual library catalogues. The long term goal is of University‐wide online access to a database which forms the core of an integrated system of automated library activities.
Data capture by optical scanning of published material for database enhancement
Authors: Jennings P.G. , Newman Mrs. L.E. , Wilkinson W.B.
Published: February 2008

A feasibility study undertaken by the Water Research Centre to capture 30,000 items from Water Pollution Abstracts in machine readable form is reported. The equipment used to capture a one year sample of these abstracts is the Kurzweil Data Entry Machine (KDEM), a computer controlled scanning device which captures lines of text for direct output to magnetic medium. After further manipulation using word processing equipment and indexing using the ASSASSIN suite of programs, the abstracts are to be added to the publicly available database, AQUALINE. The relevance of this bibliographic material to the water industry is discussed with the aid of citation analysis of four relevant journals. The speed and accuracy of the technique is described and the final cost reported is far less than the expected cost for re‐keying the data. The technique should have widespread applications for related tasks, and should become more common as similar equipment to the KDEM becomes more readily available.
The Automation project at Library B of Thrace University
Authors: Papadoperakis Pericles
Published: February 2008

This paper describes briefly the software developed for Library B of Thrace University during 1977–1979. The machine‐readable catalogue of the library is in MARC II format, and for the most part is supplied by the Selective Record Service of the British Library on subscription. A small part of the MARC cataloguing is done locally using XANMARC. Various programs have been developed to produce the catalogue cards for monographs, to create and maintain the MARC master catalogue and the short Author/Title catalogue and to produce the alphabetic and classified lists of the Library subject heading Thesaurus. A simple serials listing system has also been implemented.
Bibliographic and commercial databases—contrasting approaches to data management with special reference to DBMS
Authors: Tagg Roger M.
Published: February 2008

The different approaches to the term ‘database’ are distinguished by the differences between bibliographic and commercial databases. The two have resulted in different software development, namely IR and Database Management Systems (DBMS). The author explains the characteristics of DBMS, illustrated with 2 diagrams, for use with commercial systems. Factors in the design of commercial databases are discussed. Examples of software packages described are — ADABAS, BASIS, INQUIRE, LEXIBOSS. The author concludes that the division between IR and DBMS should narrow but that the microcomputer is not likely to provide the basis for such systems yet. 1 reference.
Use of a commercial computer bureau for catalogue production at Liverpool Polytechnic
Authors: Chan G.K.L.
Published: February 2008

Liverpool Polytechnic Library has transferred its computerised cataloguing system from an in‐house computer to a commercial bureau. Although this involves expensive annual running costs, it has permitted substantial improvements in the system and the clearing of large backlogs of work which could not be processed before, while avoiding the need for any capital expenditure. The reasons for the transfer, the benefits it has brought and the problems involved are discussed. It provides an object lesson in the many factors other than the technical capabilities of the software which have a bearing on the choice, design and operation of a computerised system.
An introduction to database management systems
Authors: Kurtz L.A.
Published: February 2008

Problems with customized systems in the 1950s led to the development of operating systems for input/output routines. A second generation offered more generalized file management. This provided sophisticated links between data elements. Corporate database management systems appeared in the 1970s. The functions of a DBMS are given as — integration (avoiding data duplication); data independence (separating data from software); data handling; privacy; integrity controls; compatibility; concurrency support and support of complex files. Data definition is achieved through the Data Definition Language (DDL), the Data Manipulation Language (DML) and the Query and Requesting Systems (QRS). Classifying these systems can be based on the way the data is presented to the user. However, the stored data may be structured hierarchically (tree), networked (plex), relational or extended networks like MDBS III. The article ends with a review of use and selection of such software systems. 7 diagrams. No refs.
Information storage and retrieval systems on mainframes and minicomputers: a comparison of text retrieval packages available in the UK
Authors: Ashford John
Published: February 2008

Information provided by the vendors of nine text based package systems is presented in a standard format. Features which are now generally accepted as ‘necessary’ are identified, and the areas of difference between the various package systems are discussed. Criteria are proposed for package selection by prospective users. The packages are ADP/3RIP, ASSASSIN 6, BASIS, CAIRS, DECO, DOCU/MASTER, INFOText, SEARCH and STATUS.
Use of INFO — a commercial database management system for periodicals control
Authors: James Robert , Savage Barbara M.
Published: February 2008

The use of a commercially available general database management system (INFO) for library purposes is reported The particular application described is the management of a continuously changing file of periodical holdings records and the implementation of a computerised online updating and enquiry system at Bristol Polytechnic library. Of particular interest are the ease and low cost of development for this system, and also the underlying potential for extension to other allied applications which is provided by this method of implementation.
Viewdata‐type searching in a free‐text (DECO) system; modifications that make searching easier for inexperienced users
Authors: Henry W.M.
Published: February 2008

The paper describes how slight changes to a free‐text retrieval system (DECO) enable two methods of searching (free‐text and hierarchical) to be offered in one system (VIEWDECO). Users are thus free to choose either method, without the need to switch between different databases. Apart from introducing menus, which are an integral part of a viewdata (hierarchical) system, the technique has also been used to incorporate help messages and other instructional aids. A third method of searching, the ‘Electronic Book’, is also described. Providing three methods of searching in one retrieval system caters for users with a much wider range of skills, and presents an opportunity for a gradual, self‐paced transition to free‐text searching. The technique involves relatively small changes, and should be applicable to many other inverted file, free‐text retrieval systems.
Microcomputers in UK public libraries: a review of current trends
Authors: Batt Chris
Published: February 2008

The background development to the use of microcomputers in United Kingdom public libraries is described and then the present position is reviewed, using the results of a national survey on microcomputer use in public libraries conducted during the first quarter of 1984. Finally, possible future trends are considered based on the pattern of use which has been demonstrated to date.
Report of a workshop on information science and technology for developing countries: London, 26–28 June 1984
Authors: Paker Y.
Published: February 2008

The British Computer Society is a professional body representing the computing profession in the UK. Within the Society are a number of specialist groups, two of which are the Specialist Group for Developing Countries (Chairman, Dr Y. Paker) and the Information Retrieval Specialist Group (Chairman, Mr A.S. Pollitt). Informal contacts between members of these two groups have recognised:
Establishing a Geac circulation database from manual and automated catalogue records at Lancashire Polytechnic
Authors: Hall C.S. , Hendrix Frances
Published: February 2008

Lancashire Polytechnic in Preston was the last designated polytechnic, and was established in 1974. The library became a member of BLCMP in 1976, and an automated catalogue database was developed. In 1977 the Polytechnic merged with two teacher training colleges at Chorley and Poulton‐le‐Fylde, both of which had considerable collections not held in a machine‐readable form
Variable loan policy at University of Lancaster Library
Authors: Richardson I.S. , Bamber R.N.
Published: February 2008

Research at the University of Lancaster in 1967–69 led to the introduction of a variable loan policy which differentiates between those books in heavy and those in less frequent demand. At Lancaster these are designated popular or ‘pop’ loan and long loan. The actual periods of loan are seven days (or the whole of a vacation) for popular loan and a term for long loan. There is, in addition, the short loan collection from which books are lent for very much shorter periods. This situation, though pioneered at Lancaster, is now commonly used in many British academic libraries.
Retrospective conversion of card catalogues into full MARC format using sophisticated computer‐controlled visual imaging techniques
Authors: Harrison Martin
Published: February 2008

An overview of the OPTIRAM/LIBPAC computerised system for the intelligent optical scanning of catalogue cards, or any other form of printed or good hand‐written material, into a full MARC format is given. The article provides information on the sophisticated scanning technology employed, using standard Group 3 facsimile transmission devices to read catalogue card entries and produce an internally coded data string, used to drive format recognition programs developed by LIBPAC, each tailored to suit a particular application. Sections deal with the varied aspects of this individual approach and the benefits that can arise from taking advantage of user‐specific software to enhance and standardise the resulting machine‐readable catalogue. The article includes examples which show the full capabilities of the optical scanner and examples of catalogue cards that have been converted into the MARC format.
Databases, downloading and proprietary rights
Authors: Gray Rosemary
Published: February 2008

Downloading as a means of capturing data sent to a computer from another computer and storing it on local magnetic disk has become an important auxiliary technique in both data processing and online information searching. It has also become a controversial issue within the information industry, raising economic and legal problems for database producers and end‐users alike.
Summer courses in computing, information science, and a lot more!
Authors: Johnston Ian
Published: February 2008

IGSS (The International Graduate Summer School in Librarianship and Information Science) owes its origins to a sabbatical year which Frank Hogg, Principal of the College of Librarianship Wales (CLW) spent as a Visiting Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, one of several CLW staff who have taught at Pittsburgh and other universities in the USA. Professor Hogg developed a lasting friendship and working relationship with the late Dr Harold Lancour, then Dean of the School of Library and Information Science at Pittsburgh, with whom he shared a common interest in the international aspects of librarianship.
Online catalogues in North America: an overview
Authors: Gray Potter William
Published: February 2008

OPACs currently in operation in North America fall into three categories: (1) turnkey systems (e.g. CLSI and Geac); (2) marketed, locally developed systems (e.g. NOTIS, VTLS); and (3) home‐grown systems (e.g. LCS at Ohio State University). Significant developments centre around linking systems, authority control, telecommunications, and the provision of information not usually found in traditional library catalogues. The paper includes an interesting differentiation of and discussion on linked systems versus integrated systems with good arguments for the former, plus examples. OPACs have become increasingly common in the past two years, although they are mostly still seen as replacing the card catalogue, but with greater search capabilities, and possible connections to circulation or status information. A few are becoming gateways to more specialised information about stock and status, and to more general information on other libraries' holdings. Even fewer, as yet, include information about non‐book material or have access to external databases. The true power of the online catalogue is seen as a lens for exploring a much larger bibliographic universe than any one library could ever hope to contain.
Use of ALS Browser terminals for OPAC searching at Bromley Public Library
Authors: Cowley Rod
Published: February 2008

Bromley Public Library has used ALS equipment to assist with circulation control since the late 1960s. In 1981 it was decided that the previous batch system should be replaced by the online ALS System 5 with circulation, cataloguing and acquisitions modules being implemented over a period of five years. This paper describes the OPAC aspects of this integrated system. The use of the Browser terminal, with its touch‐sensitive screen, for carrying out searches is described. Some of the problems facing a public library in creating a bibliographic database used initially for circulation control purposes and then for online catalogue searching are highlighted.
A library computing strategy for the future: a personal view from Lancaster University
Authors: Richardson Ian S.
Published: February 2008

Lancaster University was a pioneer in library automation in the early 1970s. The last ten years have seen a consolidation of these early systems, a change to a more effective circulation system, and gradual enhancements. Lack of funding has impeded further developments, but has now led to the development of a strategy which it is hoped will lead to the creation of a ‘future‐proof’ environment based on in‐house developed software using the Pick operating system.
Local area network development at Leicester Polytechnic Library
Authors: Adams Roy J. , Collier Mel
Published: February 2008

Leicester Polytechnic Library uses two types of local area network (LAN). The library is connected to the polytechnic campus Cambridge Ring network which allows data communications within the library, throughout the polytechnic sites and with the wide area network. The library provides various services including an OPAC on this polytechnic network. A second LAN, a 3COM Ethernet, is used for a research project investigating the development of a decision support system on networked microcomputers. This article gives the background to these developments, provides a brief summary of local area networking and describes the network configurations implemented.
Use of CAIRS at the Tropical Development and Research Institute Library
Authors: Datta V.K.
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this paper is to describe the computer system implemented in the Library and Information Services Section of the Tropical Development and Research Institute (TDRI). The TDRI library serves staff at various locations and following several investigations of the library's requirements, and ways of satisfying these, a computer system using the CAIRS (Computer Assisted Information Retrieval System) software started to operate in 1984. The paper describes the structure of the TDRI records and ways in which the fields are indexed and provides several examples of output produced by the system.
Recent developments in library automation in Mexico and Venezuela
Authors: Johnson Ian
Published: February 2008

In March 1987, during a visit to Latin America concerned with education for librarianship, I noted a number of interesting developments in library automation. The main library of the National University of Mexico, UNAM, is developing a major co‐operative database for cataloguing, LIBERUNAM. Some 300,000 bibliographical records are already included, mostly from the main library, but the system is eventually expected to cover most of the 100+ libraries in UNAM. The computer can apparently support several hundred terminals, and a programme of installing OPACs in some of the faculty libraries is beginning shortly.
Developing a microcomputer database for local company information
Authors: Gallimore Alec
Published: February 2008

Manchester Commercial Library has one of the largest collections of business information available to the public in the UK. It is especially well provided with British and foreign company information. The library also has access to all the major online host services and extensive use is made of databases for company information.