bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 y su impacto en el repunte de la deserción escolar en zonas rurales del Ecuador
Authors: Barreto Zúñiga William Wladimir , Alprecht Montiel Alicia Elizabeth , Guzmán Alprecht Carolina Estefanía , Cañar Torres María Soledad , Ramírez Cáceres Washington Paolo
Published: May 2024

La declaratoria de pandemia mundial del COVID – 19, por parte de la Organización Mundial de la salud, desembocó en la paralización de actividades comerciales presenciales, sin embargo, los procesos de enseñanza – aprendizaje, se mantuvieron gracias a la digitalización de clases, lo cual, evitó un rezago educativo, no obstante se vieron afectados con respecto al acceso familias de zonas urbanas menos favorecidas y familias de zonas rurales en general, puesto que dichas zonas, la cobertura de servicios como la energía eléctrica y el internet, son reducido, lo que obligó a que muchos estudiantes desertan, con base a estos sucesos el objetivo general del presente estudio es “Analizar la incidencia de la pandemia en la deserción escolar en zonas rurales”, por otro lado, como metodología de la investigación se aplica, el método etnográfico y un diseño interpretación con enfoque cualitativo. Como resultado del presente estudio se tiene que la deserción se dio por no contar con los dispositivos electrónicos y la conectividad necesaria para acceder a las clases online.
Transforming efl (en glish as a foreign language) education in virtual environments through quizizz
Authors: Cifuentes Rojas Mary Thalía , Contreras Jordán Rosa Marianella , Feijoó Rojas Kerly Jazmin
Published: May 2024

The research explores the transformative impact of Quizizz on virtual English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education post-COVID-19, highlighting the shift towards online learning and the need for effective digital tools to enhance language proficiency and student motivation. The study, set in Latin America, aims to assess how Quizizz influences students' motivation and English skills, utilizing a quantitative methodology with a quasi-experimental design. It examines the engagement and performance of 197 students in reading and writing tasks, revealing significant improvements and high acceptance of the gamified learning platform. Results indicate that Quizizz not only boosts motivation and language proficiency but also offers a flexible and interactive solution for overcoming the challenges of virtual education, suggesting broader application and integration into the virtual learning ecosystem.
The Impact of Probiotics Co-administration with Antibiotics on Health
Authors: Dey Sreedeep , Sreejita Das
Published: May 2024

Antibiotics have updated modern medicinal practices by improving outcomes in infectious diseases. The broad-spectrum action of antibiotics can cause disruption in the balance of beneficial gut bacteria that eventually leads to adverse effects such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and an increased susceptibility to sudden infections. When probiotics, or live microorganisms, are administered in proper amounts, they can benefit our health. Using probiotics is a potential solution to mitigate these adverse effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of probiotics co-administered with antibiotics on various aspects of health, including the prevention of AAD, modulation of gut microbiota, and enhancement of immune function. This research uses a literature review method, namely a series of activities related to collection methods of library data. the co-administration of probiotics with antibiotics represents a promising approach to mitigating the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy on gut health and overall well-being. Additionally, the potential mechanisms underlying these effects and highlighting the challenges and future directions in this field have also been discussed.
‘Self as instrument’ – Safe and effective use of self in music psychotherapy: Canadian music therapists’ perceptions
Authors: Ahonen Heidi
Published: May 2024

This article introduces the results of a pilot survey conducted with accredited Canadian music therapists investigating their perceptions of personal psychotherapy and the concept of Safe and Effective Use of Self (SEUS) in the music therapy relationship. An emailed survey questionnaire covered both closed and open-ended questions on SEUS-related topics. The open-ended questions were analysed using the qualitative data analysis software Nvivo. Simple percentages were calculated to analyse the results of the closed-ended questions. The results suggest that music therapists engaging in psychotherapy seem to work with similar client populations, use similar theoretical approaches and techniques, and hold very similar training to other music therapists. These music therapists appear to have an excellent sense of SEUS, whether or not they practice psychotherapy. Conversely, their training on both SEUS and verbal counselling skills is often seen as inadequate. It is suggested that music therapists who practice psychotherapy have completed their own psychotherapy and have ongoing music psychotherapy supervision. The results can be utilised as a discussion stimulus for the topic of SEUS in music therapy.
Διαφοροποιημένη διδασκαλία στη μουσική εκπαίδευση: Απόψεις και προβληματισμοί καθηγητών μουσικής πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης
Authors: Κεραμίδα Κατερίνα , Βαϊούλη Ποθεινή
Published: May 2024

Η διαφοροποιημένη διδασκαλία αποτελεί μια σύγχρονη μέθοδο διδακτικής προσέγγισης η οποία στοχεύει στην καλύτερη εκπαίδευση των μαθητών με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες. Με την εφαρμογή διαφοροποιημένης διδασκαλίας, το μάθημα της μουσικής αγωγής μπορεί να ενισχύσει την ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων και να συμβάλει στη γνωστική και κοινωνικοσυναισθηματική πρόοδο των συγκεκριμένων μαθητών. Στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να διερευνηθούν οι απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών μουσικής αγωγής, οι γνώσεις τους αλλά και το επίπεδο προετοιμασίας που διαθέτουν σχετικά με τη διαφοροποιημένη μορφή μάθησης. Για τον σκοπό αυτό πραγματοποιήθηκαν ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξεις με εν ενεργεία εκπαιδευτικούς μουσικής αγωγής πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σε σχέση με πρακτικές διαφοροποιημένης διδασκαλίας στο σύγχρονο ελληνικό σχολείο. Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας καταδεικνύεται η ανάγκη για ενίσχυση του έργου των εκπαιδευτικών μουσικής και ορίζεται αναγκαία η περαιτέρω διερεύνηση του θέματος στον ελλαδικό χώρο.
Clinical Training Guide for the Student Music Therapist (2nd Edition) (Donna W. Polen, Carol L. Shultis & Barbara L. Wheeler)
Authors: Schwartz Elizabeth K.
Published: May 2024

This is a review of the book "Clinical Training Guide for the Student Music Therapist" authored by Donna W. Polen, Carol L. Shultis and Barbara L. Wheeler.
Title: Clinical Training Guide for the Student Music Therapist  | Authors: Donna W. Polen, Carol L. Shultis & Barbara L. Wheeler  | Publication year: 2017 | Publisher: Barcelona Publishers | Pages: 277 | ISBN: 9781945411168
Metabolomic and morphologic surveillance reveals the impact of lactic acid-treated barley on in vitro ruminal fermentation
Authors: Tian K E , Aldian Dicky , Yayota Masato
Published: May 2024

Objective: Lactic acid (LA) treatment of cereals is known to improve ruminant performance. However, changes in cereal nutrient levels and variations in rumen fermentation remain unclear.Methods: This study was designed to compare the effects of 5% LA treatment on the trophic and morphological characteristics of barley and to discover the differences in rumen fermentation characteristics and metabolomes between LA-treated and untreated barley.Results: Compared with those of untreated barley (BA), the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of barley plants treated with 5% LA for 48 h (BALA) decreased, but the resistant starch (RS) and non-fiber carbohydrate contents increased. Moreover, the amount of proteinaceous matrix in BA decreased in response to LA treatment. During in vitro fermentation, BALA had a greater pH but lower dry matter disappearance and ammonia, methane, and short-chain fatty acid levels than BA. The differential metabolites between BA and BALA were clustered into metabolic pathways such as purine metabolism, lysine degradation, and linoleic acid metabolism. Observable differences in ultrastructure between BALA and BA were noted during fermentation.Conclusion: Lactic treatment altered barley nutrient content, including DM, CP, RS, ash, water-soluble carbohydrates and non-fiber carbohydrates, and affected barley ultrastructure. These variations led to significant and incubation time-dependent changes in the in vitro fermentation characteristics and metabolome.
Skin proteomic screening and functional analysis of differential proteins associated with coat color in sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Yin Zhihong , Hao Shitong , Zhao Yuanyuan , Li Jinglong , Cui Yunli , Ge Yaming , Pang Quanhai
Published: May 2024

Objective: Coat color is an important characteristic and economic trait in domestic sheep. In this study, we explored the potential mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved in coat color regulation for sheep.Methods: Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology was used to catalog global protein expression profiles in skin of sheep with black versus white coat color. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression localization of differential protein. Western blot and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate their role in the coat color formation of sheep.Results: A total of 136 differential proteins were obtained in different coat colors, including 101 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated. Pigmentation function entries were enriched through gene ontology annotation. Tyrosine metabolism and platelet activation signaling pathway were extracted by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis. Apolipoprotein A-1 (APOA1) and fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA) were found to be critical differential proteins by the interaction of differential proteins in the direct-interaction network diagram. Strikingly, twenty candidate differential proteins were screened, from which beta-actin (ACTB) protein showed higher expression in white sheep skin, while albumin (ALB), APOA1, MAOA (amine oxidase) and FGA proteins showed higher expression in black sheep skin, which was validated by immunofluorescence, western blot, and qRT-PCR.Conclusion: This study identified several novel proteins that may be involved in the coat color formation of sheep. The white and black sheep skin proteome profiles obtained provide a valuable resource for future research to understand the network of protein expression controlling skin physiology and melanogenesis in sheep.
Behavioral, physiological, and hormonal responses during pre-slaughter handling in goats: a comparison between trained and untrained handlers
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar , Ahmed Muideen Adewale , Hayat Muhammad Nizam , Halim Fakhrullah Abd , Rahman Md. Moklesur , Ajat Mokrish , Kaka Ubedullah , Goh Yong-Meng , Sazili Awis Qurni
Published: May 2024

Objective: The livestock handler attitude and their handling of animals is crucial for improving animal welfare standards, minimizing stress, improving productivity and meat quality. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of training livestock handlers on behavioral, physiological, and hormonal responses during preslaughter handling in goats.Methods: A total of 6 handlers were divided into trained (trained in basic animal handling practices, animal behavior, and animal welfare), contact trained (not trained directly but interacted and saw the working of trained handlers), and untrained groups (no formal training). The handling experiment was conducted on 18 male goats by following a crossover design. The goats were moved from lairage to slaughter point by trained, contact-trained, and untrained handlers. Various behavioral, physiological, and hormonal parameters were recorded at the lairage before handling and at the slaughter point after handling the goats.Results: The training of livestock handlers had a significant effect on behavioral, physiological, and hormonal responses in goats. The goats handled by untrained and contacttrained handlers were recorded with intense vocalization, significant (p<0.05) increase in heart rate and blood glucose, and catecholamines (adrenaline and nor-adrenaline), thereby indicating stress and poor animal welfare. The trained handlers were observed to use visual interactions (waving of hands or objects, blocking, hand raising, etc), and lower stress responses were recorded in the goats handled by this group.Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of training to livestock handlers in improving animal welfare and minimizing stress in goats during pre-slaughter stress.
Investment Regulation in the East African Community
Authors: Emmanuel Sebijjo Ssemmanda  , Edmond Ashivaka Shikoli
Published: May 2024

Investment regulation is a driver of investments globally. Some key principles are universally expected by investors – equal treatment, facilitation, licensing, repatriation, protection from expropriation and dispute resolution. The investment regulations in the EAC cover all these.
Recognition of Qualifications in Law Earned in an East African Community Partner State
Authors: Wilfred N Konosi  , Fred M Ratemo
Published: May 2024

The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community secures specific rights for nationals or citizens of Partner States. These rights include freedom of movement within the Community. In exercise of this freedom, Kenyan nationals have been granted access to training institutions in other Partner States from which they have earned academic and professional qualifications in law. The qualifications are recognised by the host Partner States as being sufficient for accessing the profession of an advocate within their territories. The Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Community Common Market provides for harmonisation and mutual recognition of academic and professional qualifications. Partner States undertook to mutually recognise qualifications granted, experience obtained, requirements met, licences or certifications granted in other Partner States. Harmonisation and mutual recognition of qualifications should be undertaken in accordance with annexes to be concluded by the Partner States. No annexes have been concluded. In the absence of a mutual recognition framework, Kenyan nationals who have earned qualifications in law in other Partner States are subjected to additional requirements in violation of the Treaty. Kenya cannot renege upon her obligations under Community law and must refrain from any acts which would frustrate the objects of the Treaty.
Innovation Benefits of Software Patents in Kenya
Authors: Ayamunda Josphat , Ian K. Tum
Published: May 2024

Globally, it is generally accepted that the legal protection of creations of the human mind, such as software, should contribute to technological innovation. In Kenya, software is ordinarily regarded as literary work and therefore protected by way of copyright. Recently, however, there have been suggestions that software should be patented. This raises the problem of whether and how the tension between copyright and patent protection of software can be resolved in a manner that is just, fair and reasonably proportionate to the highly desirable goal of incentivising production and dissemination of technology. This study examines the extent to which software patents in Kenya might be appropriate in light of both the nature of software and the need to foster innovation. Using the capabilities approach as the basic theory and comparative methods, the study finds that patents provide better protection for the idea embodied in software than does copyright and this is in exact accordance with the capabilities Kenyan’s would like the protection to provide for them. It recommends that Kenya should consider improving its intellectual property regime by making provisions for patentability of software or some sui generis right akin to software patents in order to aid in fostering innovation.
Protecting the Integrity of the Electoral Process, or, Obfuscating the Electoral Process?
Authors: Ongoya Elisha Zebedee
Published: May 2024

This paper is a reply to Walter Khobe’s article which interrogates the Maina Kiai judgment and its promise in relation to safeguarding the integrity of the presidential election result. Whereas Khobe holds the view that the Maina Kiai decision resulted in creating a positive perception on the fairness of the elections and the legitimacy of electoral outcomes, this paper questions this optimism and argues that rather that creating clarity on the role of the Chairman in verification of presidential election results, the Supreme Court succeeded in further obfuscating the law on this important issue.
Challenges in Litigating under Kenya’s Protection from Domestic Violence Act 2015
Authors: Mureithi Rahab Wakuraya
Published: May 2024

The Protection against Domestic Violence Act (2015) was enacted to specifically cater for the needs of the victims of domestic violence. It addresses all forms of domestic relationships and places the duty to ensure the protection of victims on the government. However, the law is practically ineffective in its daily applicability to victims of domestic violence. Some of the shortcomings of this Act are in the wording while others are in its conflicts with the prevailing procedural and constitutional realities in daily practice. This paper looks at some of these challenges from the point of view of a legal practitioner who has tried to use it in Kenya’s Magistrates’ Courts.
We, the People of Kenya
Authors: Obura Ken
Published: May 2024

The 2010 Constitution of Kenya declares in its preamble that it is a product of “We, the people of Kenya” and at Article 1 that the sovereign power rests on the people of Kenya. These provisions imply that there exists a singular identity among the holders of the Kenyan membership and an equality of status in the partaking of the benefits and burdens that accrue to that membership. This understanding resonates well with the very idea of citizenship, which envisages a universality or singularity of identity and equality of status among the citizenship holders within a given state. The question that arises is whether the theoretical idea of citizenship, which is also reflected in the aspiration of the 2010 Constitution, is, indeed, a reality in the Kenyan context or it is merely an illusion. This paper attempts to address this question by critically examining the citizenship framework operationalised under the 2010 Constitution.
Role of the Courts in Ensuring Free and Fair Elections in Kenya
Authors: Thiankolu Muthomi
Published: May 2024

Although the Judiciary has made many decisions that are consistent with the ideal of free and fair elections in the last fifty-six years, its dominant approach to electoral dispute resolution generally entails making superficially sound but disingenuous and deeply flawed decisions. This ‘clever’ approach, referred to as ‘legal sophistry’ in this article, generally entails an inflexible emphasis of legal and procedural technicalities; eschewing or suppressing serious genuine questions regarding the validity and integrity of elections; disingenuous adoption of discreditable case law from countries that practice pseudo or sham democracy; and manipulation of the law in favour of incumbency. Legal sophistry is inconsistent with the transformative agenda of the 2010 Constitution, which, inter alia, requires the Judiciary to promote the values and principles embodied in the Constitution and determine (electoral) disputes without undue regard to technicalities of law and procedure. Legal sophistry undermines the ideal of free and fair elections in at least three significant ways. First, it encourages electoral fraud and malpractice. Secondly, it leads to absurd or unjust outcomes, such as judicial affirmation of flawed elections. Lastly, legal sophistry undermines democracy, the rule of law and public confidence in the courts as honest arbiters of political disputes. The entrenchment of legal sophistry as the Judiciary’s dominant approach to electoral dispute resolution has defied constitutional, legal and institutional reforms specifically designed to end it. The resilience of legal sophistry may be attributed to the factors that have influenced the evolution of the Judiciary from its inception to date, especially colonial legacy, corruption, patronage politics, impunity and the institutional degradation of the pre-2010 years.
Jurisdiction without the Law
Authors: Mathenge Ian Mwiti
Published: May 2024

The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Kenya has been a subject of debate since the inception of the court. However, what has raised more questions than answers is the jurisdiction to interpret and apply the Constitution. The Supreme has extended this jurisdiction to mean interpretation and application of a category of statutes it calls “normative derivative legislations”. In this response to Walter Khobe’s piece, this paper argues that Kenya does not have constitutional statutes that enjoy a special character in the country. In a country with a written Constitution, laws acquire their status not because of their content but because of their formal place in the legal system. This piece posits that jurisdictional clauses should not be interpreted broadly as a matter of policy to avoid courts redefining their functions. It proceeds to demonstrate that normative derivative doctrine emanates from the fallacy of hasty conclusion- that by statutes enacting constitutional provisions they change their character from ordinary statutes to special ones. This piece engages with some of the monumental Supreme Court decisions that have exposed the court as lacking a coherent approach to the issue of the normative derivative.
Rethinking the Supreme Court’s Appellate Jurisdiction on Questions Involving Interpretation or Application of the Constitution
Authors: Moroga Denis Wangwi
Published: May 2024

Walter Khobe in his article, ‘The Jurisdictional Remit of the Supreme Court of Kenya Over Questions Involving the ‘Interpretation and Application of the Constitution’ lauds the Supreme Court for adopting the unbound normative derivative doctrine to justify its enlarged jurisdiction under article 163(4)(a) of the Constitution, 2010 in matters arising from interpretation or application of the Constitution, including election petitions. Whereas I agree in principle that the doctrine is firmly embedded in the Constitution, I submit that invoking the doctrine as a means to exercise appellate jurisdiction specifically in election disputes is inconsistent with a holistic reading of the Constitution and election laws. Besides, the sui generis nature of election disputes and the capacity constraints of the Supreme Court, among other factors, militate against a blanket application of the doctrine in exercise of appellate jurisdiction in election petitions. In the end, I recommend that to foreground the broad transformative goals of the Constitution, the Supreme Court should decline any invitation to exercise appellate jurisdiction in election petitions, especially under article 163(4) (a).
An Analysis of Walter Khobe’s ‘The Jurisdictional Remit of the Supreme Court of Kenya Over Questions Involving the Interpretation and Application of the Constitution’
Authors: Ogada Evans O.
Published: May 2024

This paper will analyse the arguments by Walter Khobe Ochieng’ in his paper, ‘The Jurisdictional Remit of the Supreme Court of Kenya Over Questions Involving the Interpretation and Application of the Constitution,’ in which he examines the jurisdictional limits of the Supreme Court of Kenya under article 163(4)(a) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and where he powerfully argues that the Supreme Court of Kenya is entitled to assume what he terms a derivative jurisdiction. This paper will examine the position taken by Walter Khobe Ochieng’ but centring the analysis on the question of election laws. Walter Khobe Ochieng’ argues that this innovative (generic) jurisdiction is proper within the Constitution. This paper will examine the position taken by Walter Khobe in light of the Constitution’s apportioned scope of authority to the Supreme Court, vertically and horizontally, critically examining how the apportioned role is expected to be manifest in a democratic context. The paper will eventually reach the conclusion that the Supreme Court’s claim to a derivative (implied) jurisdiction is conceptually dicey and cannot be sustained under the Constitution.
An Overview of the Fisheries Resources Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Ogendi Paul O
Published: May 2024

There has been a steady evolution and growth of fisheries institutions in Kenya. The enactment of the Fisheries Management and Development Act (FMDA), 2016 led to the establishment of the Kenya Fisheries Service (KFS), a state corporation, backed by other institutions such as the Kenya Fisheries Council (KFC) and the Kenya Fish Marketing Authority (KFMA). The establishment of these institutions is especially important because of the current focus on the fisheries sector in the country and beyond. However, it is contended in this paper that the institutions cannot deliver on their mandates unless all the governance instruments are put in place including the Fisheries Management and Development (Marine and Inland Fisheries) Regulations, the Beach Management Units (BMU) Regulations, and the Fish Safety regulations. What is more, the archaic Fisheries Policy, 2005 should be reviewed and updated in line with the present legislation and the African Union (AU) Africa Blue Economy Strategy, 2019. Lastly, there is need to streamline and harmonise the functions and mandates of all institutions. For instance, the certificate and diploma courses on fisheries currently being offered by Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) should now be transferred to the newly established KFS where the course should naturally belong. In terms of reform areas, the FMDA, 2016 needs to be amended to create a formal intergovernmental consultative forum in line with the intentions of its section 2.
Youth Right to Political Participation under International Human Rights Law
Authors: Olutola Bamisaye Olawaye
Published: May 2024

The call for an increase in youth participation in politics and governance globally is a recurring decimal in both national and global issues. Some states like Kenya have yielded to the call by constitutionally guaranteeing full political rights to all youths. Countries like Nigeria have limited full political rights to some youth while other youth’ political rights are grossly limited to only the right to vote. Thus, this article interrogates the contours and the contents of the right to political participation of youths under international human rights law. It, however, focuses on the African human rights system and current development in Nigeria. It contends that youth right to political participation should not be different from that of other adults in any state. It argues that the practice of most states in Africa where they give different conditions for the exercise of political rights between youth and other adults in the society is against their obligations under international human rights law. It also amounts a flagrant violation of the right to political participation of youths. It further contends that all political rights should be treated as inseparable twins, in that, all adults citizen who are entitled to either of the rights should equally be entitled to all the other political rights. All persons within the age of majority in any country must be allowed to exercise and enjoy their full political rights without discrimination on the basis of age, disability or other status.
Keynote address by Hon Justice Martha Koome, EGH, Chief Justice and President of the Supreme Court of Kenya, during the launch of Attorney General Emeritus, Prof Githu Muigai’s book, 15th July 2022
Authors: Koome Martha
Published: May 2024

Keynote address by Hon Justice Martha Koome, EGH, Chief Justice and President of the Supreme Court of Kenya, during the launch of Attorney General Emeritus, Prof Githu Muigai’s book, 15th July 2022.
In the Matter of TT (minor)
Authors: Jamaranda Achach
Published: May 2024

Toto is my name,In court they call me TT (minor)An anonymous specimenOver which parents haggleAs they disagree on what is in my best interestWhy do they fight over me?They begot me together
Enhancing child participation in family disputes through child inclusive mediation in Kenya
Authors: Njane Christine , Sebayiga Vianney
Published: May 2024

Despite the fact that children are directly affected by the outcome of familydisputes, they are rarely given the opportunity to express their views. Whenan opportunity arises, children’s voices are manipulated by parents dueto the adversarial litigation system that turns parents against each other.Consequently, the child’s best interests are not adequately considered duringand post-divorce. In view of the increasing case backlog and promoting thebest interests of the child, this paper advocates child inclusive mediation bydemonstrating how it can be entrenched in the resolution of family disputes.The paper argues that this form of mediation enables children to participatein the decisions affecting their future. Secondly, involving children to voicetheir wishes helps in refocusing on the children’s needs. Using the Officeof Family Advocate in South Africa as a case study, the paper illustrateshow Kenya can enhance child participation in family mediation through thenewly created Office of Secretary of Children’s Services under Section 37and 38 of the Children Act of 2022.
Keynote address by Hon Professor Robert Doya Nanima
Authors: Nanima Hon Professor Robert Doya
Published: May 2024

The Right Honourable Judge of the High Court of Kenya,Honourable Judges of the First Model African Committee of Expertson the Rights and Welfare of the Child (First Model Committee),representatives from the state(s), civil society organisations, academia,students, participants, ladies and gentlemen. Good afternoon.I thank you for extending the invitation to me. I bring you warmregards from the African Committee of Experts on the Rights andWelfare of the Child (ACERWC). The Chairperson and the Bureau areaway in Zambia celebrating the Day of the African Child. I thank youall for adding value to this First Model Moot Competition premised onthe auspices of the ACERWC. It shows that you believe in the work ofthe ACERWC and that you have taken a dissemination strategy thatinforms both the students in the competition and the participants heretoday.
Kabarak Journal of Law and Ethics Volume 7(2023)
Authors: Ethics Kabarak Journal of Law and
Published: May 2024

Kabarak Journal of Law and Ethics Volume 7(2023)
The nexus between the best interests of the child and detention of children in conflict with the law
Authors: Moraa Terry , Gor George
Published: May 2024

The principle of the best interests of the child is a universally recognised norm of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). While there is no consensus on the definition of this principle, various soft law documents, academic literature, and judgments demonstrate its centrality in both private and public spheres. The Children Act of 2022 provides a detailed articulation of this principle, facilitating its application in the Kenyan context. This paper examines the Kenyan and international legal and normative framework on the detention of children in the child justice system. It explores the nexus between the detention of children in conflict with the law and the principle of the best interests of the child. The authors contend that the detention of children in conflict with the law should be guided by the principle of the best interests of the child, as enshrined in Article 53(2) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and international law. It reaffirms the position, adopted by courts of law, that there should be a limit to the institutionalisation of children in Kenya. The authors further advocate diversionary measures to judicial proceedings, such as family group conferencing, as suitable options.
An unhealthy state of affairs
Authors: W Musungu Onesmus
Published: May 2024

Corruption has found its place not only in the society at national level but also globally. Yetunde Aluko in her article ‘Corruption in Nigeria: Concept and dimensions. Anti-corruption reforms in Nigeria since 1999’1 opined that corruption has transcended national boundaries and is therefore not a preserve of any nation, race or section of the world. Some people believe that corruption is becoming a culture and hence a way of life. Corruption has been unlawfully entrenched in our society and has become part of the society’s norms and culture. This article seeks to unravel the ‘place’ of corruption in our health facilities and how it has destabilised the health system leading to the poor implementation of Article 43(1) of the Constitution of Kenya (2010). This article suggests possible legal and societal approaches to curb the practice of corruption and ensure the right to health is progressively realised.
Publisher’s Foreword
Authors: Sipalla Humphrey
Published: May 2024

A teacher’s greatest pride, and most valuable compensation, is to see their students grow into maturity, competence, responsibility and resilience. For one’s students to make great citizens of their community and reliable professionals in their fields brings us teachers the greatest of joys. With this first issue of the Kabarak Law Review, our students at Kabarak University School of Law have so honoured us, their teachers.
El impacto de las competencias blandas en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de ingeniería.
Authors: Aguilar Romero Beatriz , Espinosa Carrasco María del Rosario , Toxqui López Santa , Galindo López Víctor , Chávez López Anselmo
Published: May 2024

En la actualidad, las competencias blandas se centran en el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas sociales, comunicativas, personales, actitudinales y emocionales, que son fundamentales para contribuir e impactar en los entornos profesionales y sociales. Las Universidades deben sumarse al compromiso de promover la enseñanza integral de estudiantes en cualquier ámbito disciplinar, tanto en sus estatutos como en el aula, y colaborar en el avance del desarrollo sostenible a través de egresados más integrales. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación versó en determinar las competencias blandas de mayor impacto en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de ingeniería. La metodología de la investigación fue con base a la revisión sistemática de forma exploratoria, en donde se recuperaron artículos a través de la búsqueda en base de datos como EBSCO y DIALNET para su respectiva revisión basado en la matriz de análisis. Los resultados demuestran la importancia y necesidad de las competencias blandas en los programas de formación de los ingenieros, especialmente las habilidades socioemocionales intrapersonales e interpersonales, las cuales se identificaron como esenciales para el desarrollo personal, la socialización y el éxito laboral.
Repaso de nomenclatura con el juego de lotería, como un recurso didáctico lúdico.
Authors: Juárez Meneses Mayté , Meza Gaspar Tania
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo comparte la experiencia de evaluación diagnóstica en el tema “nomenclatura química”, donde el estudiante recuerda y refuerza conocimientos previos a una asignatura de ciencias básicas en FIQ,BUAP. Se diseñó e implementó el uso de un recurso didáctico, “la lotería de aniones” para visualizar y reafirmar los nombres moleculares. En los resultados, queda demostrado que aumenta significativamente la habilidad de reconocer los compuestos químicos en su formación como ingenieros para aplicarlo en su área profesional. Se concluye que, en esta área, es posible aumentar el interés por el aprendizaje de las diferentes formas de nombrar los compuestos químicos.
Uso excesivo de las redes sociales.
Authors: Báez Castillo Evili , Posada Sánchez Ana Elena , Martínez Vara Patricia , Grass Marín Odette Marie , González Araoz Martha Patricia
Published: May 2024

El uso excesivo de las redes sociales puede tener varios efectos negativos en la vida de las personas. En primer lugar, puede contribuir a la disminución de las habilidades sociales en el mundo real, ya que se pasa menos tiempo interactuando cara a cara con otras personas. Además, puede provocar sentimientos de aislamiento y soledad, ya que las interacciones en línea no siempre son sustitutos adecuados delas relaciones personales. Al llevar a cabo este proyecto, se implementó una encuesta al conocimiento sobre una población de 300 personas, de las cuales, alas mismas se le aplico un cuestionario de 10 preguntas en relación con el uso excesivo de las redes sociales. Esto mismo, llevándonos al estudio y análisis de la relación existente entre lo complicado que fue aprender a utilizar redes sociales y la preocupación de la privacidad delo que se comparte por medio de estas para observar las nuevas consecuencias y complicaciones consecuentes a la pandemia del COVID 19.
La educación distancia... ¿funciona? retos y desafíos en las IES en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Mendoza Zaragoza Norma Elena , Herrera Corona Laura
Published: May 2024

La pandemia del SARS-COV-2 resalta la faltade preparación previa en el sistema educativo. Según la UNESCO, 113 países cerraron sus centros educativos para proteger la salud estudiantil. Para combatir el retraso académico, se implementaron clases en línea en el nivel universitario. La presente investigación de tipo descriptivo y de enfoque cuantitativo cuestiona la efectividad de esta medida. La técnica de recolección de información fue una encuesta online de tipo analítico. La muestra, no probabilística de tipo intencional e incluyó 239 estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado de cuatro universidades en México, dos públicas y dos privadas, ubicadas en dos ciudades diferentes. A pesar de los logros reconocidos por los estudiantes durante el proceso, la mayoría prefiere la enseñanza presencial, independientemente del fenómeno de "aprendizaje inconcluso" y sus consecuencias. Esto subraya la necesidad de equilibrar la flexibilidad de la educación en línea con los beneficios de la interacción en persona.
The Effectiveness 0f Employee Performance in Marriage Registration Services at the Religious Affairs Office of Pare District, Kediri Regency
Authors: Almuqrhoina Fajri Allya , Widiyarta Agus
Published: May 2024

The most important thing to monitor in registering marriages to the public is employee performance which will later become an indicator of the organization's success in carrying out its duties and obligations. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of employee performance in marriage registration services at the Religious Affairs Office of Pare District, Kediri Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use interview, observation and documentation techniques which are linked to the theory of employee performance effectiveness according to Admosoeprapto (2016). The results of the research show that the performance of the employees of the Religious Affairs Office of Pare District, Kediri Regency can be said to be effective in meeting the needs of the community in marriage registration services. However, the Religious Affairs Office of Pare District, Kediri Regency, in terms of quantity of work, needs to increase the number of employees to make it easier for employees to serve the large number of marriage registration requests from the public every year.
SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VAGINAL CANDIDA ISOLATES
Authors: Hitkova Hristina , Georgieva Diana
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common Candida infection in females of reproductive age. Data concerning the species identification and antifungal susceptibility of vaginal Candida isolates are of great importance for the infection management.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates obtained from vaginal samples of women with VVC.
Material and methods: A total of 125 vaginal Candida isolates were collected and tested. The definitive species identification was performed by VITEC2 Compact (Bio Merieux, France) using YST ID cards. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antifungal agents were determined by the commercial system Micronaut-AM (Merlin Diagnostika GmbH, Germany).
Results: Overall, 8 Candida species were established among the vaginal yeast isolates. The most common was C. albicans (77.6%), followed by C. glabrata (12%), C. krusei (4%), C. kefyr (2.4%), C. spherica (1.6%), C. lusitaniae, C. utilis, and C. sake (each one 0.8%). All C. albicans and 20 non-albicans Candida (NAC) were susceptible to nine antifungal agents. In the group of NAC, 8 isolates were resistant to fluconazole – 5 C. krusei with intrinsic resistance, 2 C. spherica, and 1 C. sake. The fluconazole MICs of C. spherica and C. sake were 32 - 128 μg/mL, and 16 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusions: C. albicans was the main causative agent of VVC. Among NAC, C. glabrata was the predominant species. In general, vaginal C. albicans and non-albicans Candida were susceptible to azoles as well as echinocandins, amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Of particular interest was the detection of rare non-albicans Candida isolates with acquired resistance to azoles.
A CASE REPORT OF SEPSIS ASSOCIATED WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7
Authors: Pavlova Maria , Stoyanova Rositsa , Popov Metodi , Velev Valeri
Published: May 2024

The reports of infections and outbreaks due to Escherichia coli 0157:H7 have increased in the EU for the last five years. The clinical spectrum of the infection varies from hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and rarely, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This infection is new to Bulgaria, and we report a case of VT1 and VT2 positive E. coli O157:H7 with the presentation of this organism with the onset of haemorrhagic colitis, HUS and lethal exitus of the patient.
THE POTENTIAL OF HUMAN PLASMA AND HUMAN BLOOD PRODUCTS FOR IMMUNE PROTECTION
Authors: Donev Vancho , Nikolov Georgi
Published: May 2024

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) were used for the first time at the late seventies for treatment of patient with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Тhe first observations opened a wide field for basic and clinical research leading to a rapidly expanding use of IVIg for the treatment of patients with multiple diseases. The immunoglobulin preparations contain large amount of intact form of IgG molecules with comparable values of subclasses as in native plasma. Тhose properties account for the normal half-life of injected immunoglobulin of three weeks, and its ability to react normal with the complement components and with the specific Fcγ-receptors on the surface of phagocytes and lymphocytes. IVIg is produced from plasma pules from several thousand donors, which leads to wide spectre of variable regions of IgG molecules in the product. Some of the antibodies in the product can recognize bacterial, virus and fungal antigens are essential in replacement therapy in patients with antibody deficiency. А good understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of the immunoregulatory actions of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations is important for optimizing their use in inflammatory diseases for conducting new clinical observations.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWELVE BULGARIAN SEQUENCES BASED ON PARTIAL OPEN READING FRAME 2 GENOME FRAGMENT OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS
Authors: Ismailova Chiydem , Stoyanova Asq , Yoncheva Viliana , Tenev Tencho , Nikolaeva-Glomb Lubomira , Golkocheva-Markova Elitsa
Published: May 2024

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes both acute and chronic liver inflammation. HEV is transmitted through the fecal-oral mechanism and infects both animals and humans. The virus belongs to the Hepeviridae family and its genome is a single stranded RNA molecule. Thanks to molecular sequencing methods different genotypes and subgenotypes have been established. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize Bulgarian HEV sequences by applying Sanger sequencing technique for a genome fragment in Open Reading Frame 2 (ORF2 region).
Material and methods: Twelve retrospective samples from patients with serologically confirmed HEV infection (anti-HEV IgM and IgG positive) were sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Sequencing data were analysed by BioEdit, MEGA11 and NCBI Genbank software tools.
Results: The results revealed that all isolates assign to species Paslahepevirus balayani. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HEV isolates were characterized with considerable genetic diversity. The sequences were sub-clustered into the following subgenotypes: HEV-3e, 3m, 3f and 3c.
Conclusion: We successfully applied the Sanger method for hepatitis E virus RNA sequencing. The established heterogeneity of subgenotypes requires further study in order to determine the circulation of all possible subgenotypes of HEV in the country.
Changes in the Phonological Perception of Classical Arabic
Authors: Sara Solomon I.
Published: May 2024

There are two intimately related dictionaries of Arabic, Kitāb al-ʿayn by al-Ḫalīl (d. 175/793) and Ǧamharat al-luġa by Ibn Durayd (d. 321/933). In addition, the two books also include treatises on the phonologies of Arabic of their day. This paper will not dwell on the lexicographical aspects, but it will discuss the phonological treatises that both authors pre-pended to their dictionaries, in order to point out some of the similarities and differences between the two. Each author offered his own system of the basic divisions of the vocal tract and the classification of the sounds of Arabic into subgroups that shared phonetic properties. The authors offer sufficient detail to provide a reasonable conjecture on how Arabic was pronounced, and what some of the divergences were among speakers from different linguistic periods. In the process one can observe what was preserved of the eighth century tradition, its theoretical framework, its terminological apparatus, and what had been changed, or so perceived, by Ibn Durayd.
Firāsa and Intelligence: The Silly and the Intelligent in Arab Physiognomy
Authors: Ghersetti Antonella
Published: May 2024

Contacts with the cultural heritage of the classical world created a great interest in physiognomy in the Arab one and the science of physiognomy (firāsa) was a subject of study for Arab writers of various disciplines. The article gives a brief review of the physical indices of intelligence (and of its opposite) as seen by the physiognomical tradition in the Arab world, with an indication of traces in adab works of the classical and post classical periods.
Arabe classique – arabe dialectal : produit d’une rencontre (communication abrégée)
Authors: Boucherit Aziza
Published: May 2024

This article presents an analysis of a sermon delivered by Ali Bel Hadj in the Sunna Mosque of Algiers in April 1991. The linguistic analysis of this sermon is used to demonstrate the peculiarities of the Algerian dialect.
Negation in Yemeni Arabic
Authors: Qafisheh Hamdi A.
Published: May 2024

Negation in Yemeni Arabic, based on the dialect of Ṣanʿāʾ, includes negating perfect and imperfect forms of the verb by the particle /mā/ in pre-verbal position and the verb normally takes the suffix /š/. /mā/ is also used in two verbal constructions joined by /wa/ ‘and’. Such constructions are negated by /mā … wa-mā …/ or /lā .. . wa-lā …/. In constructions with /illā/ ‘except’ /mā/ is used to negate the verb, and such constructions have the meaning of ‘nothing’ or ‘nobody … except’ or ‘not … anything or anybody except.’ /mā/ also negates pseudo verbs: there is/are, ‘to have’, etc. /lā/ followed by the imperfect form of the verb negates an imperative. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, particles, and prepositional phrases are negated by /miš/, /lā … wa-lā …/ or /mā … wa-lā/ is used with the meaning of ‘neither … nor’. The article contains a lot of illustrative sentences, and some proverbial phrases.