bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lure of land: Peasant politics, frontier colonization and the cunning state in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kelegama Thiruni , Korf Benedikt
Published: August 2023

This paper studies the contradictions of peasant politics in Sri Lanka’s dry zone frontier in a highly militarized colonization scheme (‘System L’ of the Mahaweli Development Programme in Weli Oya in northern Sri Lanka). Through a detailed ethnographic study of the life histories of settlers who came in two waves to this scheme (1980s and post-2009), we show the workings of what we call the ‘lure of land’: first, as the (al)lure that attracts landless families to live out the mythical dream of becoming a paddy farmer; second, this lure of land is intimately tied to a nationalist territorial aspiration that transforms the settler into a patriotic colonizer of the land: due to its strategic location in the frontier zone between Sinhalese and Tamil inhabited territories, settlers became ‘home guards’ who live on and protect the frontier. But the lure of land is not without contradictions: Life in the frontier is dangerous (for the early settlers) and economically precarious (for the early and late settlers), because the state is unable to deliver the promise of land and water. Government officials deploy various tactics of repeatedly deferred promises and subtle threats to discourage settlers to abandon the colonization scheme despite the settlers’ precarious life conditions, disappointments, and frustrations. A ‘cunning state’ thereby betrays its own ‘frontiersmen’, while safeguarding its nationalist territorial agenda.
Alkoholpolitik in Deutschland: Verpasste Chancen zur Senkung der Krankheitslast
Authors: Kilian Carolin , Manthey Jakob , Rehm Jürgen , Kraus Ludwig
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Ausgehend von der Veröffentlichung der dritten Ausgabe des Buchs „Alkohol: Kein gewöhnliches Konsumgut“ haben die Autor_innen die Umsetzung kosteneffektiver alkoholpolitischer Maßnahmen in Deutschland bewertet. Methodik: Aktuelle gesetzliche Regelungen und Praktiken zu Maßnahmen aus vier Bereichen wurden gesichtet: (1) Preispolitische Maßnahmen; (2) Regulation der Verfügbarkeit alkoholischer Getränke; (3) Beschränkungen des Alkoholmarketings; sowie (4) Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung von Alkohol am Steuer. Ergebnisse: Die Verbrauchssteuern auf alkoholische Getränke sind im europäischen Vergleich eher gering und führen zu keiner nennenswerten Reduktion der Erschwinglichkeit von Alkohol. Alkoholische Getränke können mit nur wenigen Ausnahmen rund um die Uhr und in unterschiedlichen Verkaufsstätten (z. B. in Supermärkten oder Tankstellen) erworben werden. Beschränkungen im Alkoholmarketing gibt es nur im Bereich Jugendschutz und sind auf die Abwendung von Darstellungen eines „missbräuchlichen“ Konsums beschränkt. Empfohlene Maßnahmen gegen Alkohol am Steuer sind weitestgehend umgesetzt. Schlussfolgerungen: Kosteneffektive alkoholpolitische Maßnahmen, die die alkoholbedingte Krankheitslast in Deutschland substantiell reduzieren könnten, sind in Deutschland unzureichend implementiert.
Landforms Associated With the Aspect‐Controlled Exhumation of Crater‐Filling Alluvial Strata on Mars
Authors: Cardenas Benjamin T. , Stacey Kaitlyn
Published: August 2023

Fluvial channel belts, the deposits accumulated in rivers surrounded by floodplain deposits, are sensitive environmental recorders. Across Mars, wind has exposed ancient channel belts via the preferential erosion of floodplain strata, creating landforms called fluvial ridges. However, river deposits observed by the Mars rover Curiosity are instead exposed along a series of steep slopes and shallow benches, and short, truncated ridges we call noses. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these exposures record channel‐belt exhumation with a preferential direction of scarp retreat (a slope‐aspect control), in contrast with models of fluvial‐ridge formation. Using a landscape evolution model sensitive to lithology and an Earth‐analog 3D‐seismic‐reflectance volume imaging fluvial stratigraphy, we generated synthetic erosional landscapes where channel‐belt exhumation created benches and noses rather than fluvial ridges, depending on the orientation of belts relative to the preferential direction of scarp retreat, which we suggest is set by winds steered along crater topography.
Nonstationary Roles of Regional Forcings in Driving Low‐Frequency Sea Level Variability Along the U.S. East Coast Since the 1950s
Authors: Zhu Yingli , Han Weiqing , Alexander Michael A.
Published: August 2023

The nonstationary roles of regional forcings from alongshore wind stress and sea level pressure (SLP) in driving low‐frequency (interannual‐to‐decadal) sea level variability along the U.S. east coast for the 1959–2020 period are investigated. The role of regional forcings increases with time north of Cape Hatteras particularly during summer when their contributions to the variance of observed summertime coastal sea level anomalies increase by approximately 58%–87% from 1959–1989 to 1990–2020. The enhanced impact of regional forcings in recent decades results from an increase in the Inverted Barometer (IB) effect that act constructively with alongshore wind stress especially during summer, and to a lesser extent for the Gulf of Maine during fall. The summertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is largely responsible for the increased IB effect, owing to the stronger NAO‐associated low SLP anomalies centered around the Mid‐Atlantic Bight in recent decades compared to earlier decades.
Historical Changes and Reasons for Model Differences in Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing in CMIP6
Authors: Fiedler Stephanie , van Noije Twan , Smith Christopher J. , Boucher Olivier , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Kirkevåg Alf , Olivié Dirk , Pinto Rovina , Reerink Thomas , Sima Adriana , Schulz Michael
Published: August 2023

The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) allows estimates of effective radiative forcing (ERF) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six (CMIP6). We analyze the RFMIP output, including the new experiments from models that use the same parameterization for anthropogenic aerosols (RFMIP‐SpAer), to characterize and better understand model differences in aerosol ERF. We find little changes in the aerosol ERF for 1970–2014 in the CMIP6 multi‐model mean, which implies greenhouse gases primarily explain the positive trend in the total anthropogenic ERF. Cloud‐mediated effects dominate the present‐day aerosol ERF in most models. The results highlight a regional increase in marine cloudiness due to aerosols, despite suppressed cloud lifetime effects in that RFMIP‐SpAer experiment. Negative cloud‐mediated effects mask positive direct effects in many models, which arise from strong anthropogenic aerosol absorption. The findings suggest opportunities to better constrain simulated ERF by revisiting the optical properties and long‐range transport of aerosols.
TET2 is required to suppress mTORC1 signaling through urea cycle with therapeutic potential
Authors: He Jing , Lin Mingen , Zhang Xinchao , Zhang Ruonan , Tian Tongguan , Zhou Yuefan , Dong Wenjing , Yang Yajing , Sun Xue , Dai Yue , Xu Yue , Zhang Zhenru , Xu Ming , Lei Qun-Ying , Xu Yanping , Lv Lei
Published: August 2023

Tumor development, involving both cell growth (mass accumulation) and cell proliferation, is a complex process governed by the interplay of multiple signaling pathways. TET2 mainly functions as a DNA dioxygenase, which modulates gene expression and biological functions via oxidation of 5mC in DNA, yet whether it plays a role in regulating cell growth remains unknown. Here we show that TET2 suppresses mTORC1 signaling, a major growth controller, to inhibit cell growth and promote autophagy. Mechanistically, TET2 functions as a 5mC “eraser” by mRNA oxidation, abolishes YBX1–HuR binding and promotes decay of urea cycle enzyme mRNAs, thus negatively regulating urea cycle and arginine production, which suppresses mTORC1 signaling. Therefore, TET2-deficient tumor cells are more sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition. Our results uncover a novel function for TET2 in suppressing mTORC1 signaling and inhibiting cell growth, linking TET2-mediated mRNA oxidation to cell metabolism and cell growth control. These findings demonstrate the potential of mTORC1 inhibition as a possible treatment for TET2-deficient tumors.
Mechanisms underlying pathological cortical bursts during metabolic depletion
Authors: Dutta Shrey , Iyer Kartik K. , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Breakspear Michael , Roberts James A.
Published: August 2023

Cortical activity depends upon a continuous supply of oxygen and other metabolic resources. Perinatal disruption of oxygen availability is a common clinical scenario in neonatal intensive care units, and a leading cause of lifelong disability. Pathological patterns of brain activity including burst suppression and seizures are a hallmark of the recovery period, yet the mechanisms by which these patterns arise remain poorly understood. Here, we use computational modeling of coupled metabolic-neuronal activity to explore the mechanisms by which oxygen depletion generates pathological brain activity. We find that restricting oxygen supply drives transitions from normal activity to several pathological activity patterns (isoelectric, burst suppression, and seizures), depending on the potassium supply. Trajectories through parameter space track key features of clinical electrophysiology recordings and reveal how infants with good recovery outcomes track toward normal parameter values, whereas the parameter values for infants with poor outcomes dwell around the pathological values. These findings open avenues for studying and monitoring the metabolically challenged infant brain, and deepen our understanding of the link between neuronal and metabolic activity.
Deep-learning-assisted printed liquid metal sensory system for wearable applications and boxing training
Authors: Qiu Ye , Zou Zhihui , Zou Zhanan , Setiawan Nikolas Kurnia , Dikshit Karan Vivek , Whiting Gregory , Yang Fan , Zhang Wenan , Lu Jiutian , Zhong Bingqing , Wu Huaping , Xiao Jianliang
Published: August 2023

Liquid metal (LM) exhibits a distinct combination of high electrical conductivity comparable to that of metals and exceptional deformability derived from its liquid state, thus it is considered a promising material for high-performance soft electronics. However, rapid patterning LM to achieve a sensory system with high sensitivity remains a challenge, mainly attributed to the poor rheological property and wettability. Here, we report a rheological modification strategy of LM and strain redistribution mechanics to simultaneously simplify the scalable manufacturing process and significantly enhance the sensitivity of LM sensors. By incorporating SiO2 particles into LM, the modulus, yield stress, and viscosity of the LM-SiO2 composite are drastically enhanced, enabling 3D printability on soft materials for stretchable electronics. The sensors based on printed LM-SiO2 composite show excellent mechanical flexibility, robustness, strain, and pressure sensing performances. Such sensors are integrated onto different locations of the human body for wearable applications. Furthermore, by integrating onto a tactile glove, the synergistic effect of strain and pressure sensing can decode the clenching posture and hitting strength in boxing training. When assisted by a deep-learning algorithm, this tactile glove can achieve recognition of the technical execution of boxing punches, such as jab, swing, uppercut, and combination punches, with 90.5% accuracy. This integrated multifunctional sensory system can find wide applications in smart sport-training, intelligent soft robotics, and human-machine interfaces.
Parkinson’s disease neurons exhibit alterations in mitochondrial quality control proteins
Authors: Chen Chun , McDonald David , Blain Alasdair , Mossman Emily , Atkin Kiera , Marusich Michael F. , Capaldi Roderick , Bone Laura , Smith Anna , Filby Andrew , Erskine Daniel , Russell Oliver , Hudson Gavin , Vincent Amy E. , Reeve Amy K.
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to contribute to Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, though an understanding of the extent or exact mechanism of this contribution remains elusive. This has been complicated by challenging nature of pathway-based analysis and an inability simultaneously study multiple related proteins within human brain tissue. We used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to overcome these challenges, measuring multiple protein targets, whilst retaining the spatial relationship between targets in post-mortem midbrain sections. We used IMC to simultaneously interrogate subunits of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes, and several key signalling pathways important for mitochondrial homoeostasis, in a large cohort of PD patient and control cases. We revealed a generalised and synergistic reduction in mitochondrial quality control proteins in dopaminergic neurons from Parkinson’s patients. Further, protein-protein abundance relationships appeared significantly different between PD and disease control tissue. Our data showed a significant reduction in the abundance of PINK1, Parkin and phosphorylated ubiquitinSer65, integral to the mitophagy machinery; two mitochondrial chaperones, HSP60 and PHB1; and regulators of mitochondrial protein synthesis and the unfolded protein response, SIRT3 and TFAM. Further, SIRT3 and PINK1 did not show an adaptive response to an ATP synthase defect in the Parkinson’s neurons. We also observed intraneuronal aggregates of phosphorylated ubiquitinSer65, alongside increased abundance of mitochondrial proteases, LONP1 and HTRA2, within the Parkinson’s neurons with Lewy body pathology, compared to those without. Taken together, these findings suggest an inability to turnover mitochondria and maintain mitochondrial proteostasis in Parkinson’s neurons. This may exacerbate the impact of oxidative phosphorylation defects and ageing related oxidative stress, leading to neuronal degeneration. Our data also suggest that that Lewy pathology may affect mitochondrial quality control regulation through the disturbance of mitophagy and intramitochondrial proteostasis.
Dataset on the psychosocial impact in families with children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Salom Rafael , Aras Luís Miguel , Piñero Jessica , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni
Published: August 2023

Caring for children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) can be challenging for primary caregivers due to the complexity of the condition and the need to provide ongoing care. This has a psychosocial impact on their quality of life, including increased stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as an impact on their support network, work, and relationship with the affected child. It is important that caregivers receive help to manage the psychosocial impact of caring for a child with DEE and promote their long-term well-being. Besides, it is critical that policymakers receive quantitative data about this impact to adequately respond to the needs of these families. To this end, a database was developed using the Childhood Rare Epilepsy Social Impact Assessment (CRESIA) psychosocial impact measurement instrument to quantitatively assess the quality of life of caregivers.
Synthesis of a novel multifunctional organic–inorganic nanocomposite for metal ions and organic dye removals
Authors: Elmekawy Ahmed , Quach Qui , Abdel-Fattah Tarek M.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we used solvent assisted mechano-synthesis strategies to form multifunctional organic–inorganic nanocomposites capable of removing both organic and inorganic contaminants. A zeolite X (Ze) and activated carbon (AC) composite was synthesized via state-of-the-art mechanical mixing in the presence of few drops of water to form Ze/AC. The second composite (Ze/L/AC) was synthesized in a similar fashion, however this composite had the addition of disodium terephthalate as a linker. Both materials, Ze/AC and Ze/L/AC, were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Powdered X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry System (ASAP), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The SEM–EDS displayed the surface structure and composition of each material. The sodium, oxygen and carbon contents increased after linker connected Ze and AC. The P-XRD confirmed the crystallinity of each material as well as the composites, while FTIR indicated the function groups (C=C, O–H) in Ze/L/AC. The contaminant adsorption experiments investigated the effects of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and Co(II) for each material. In MB adsorption, the first-order reaction rate of Ze/L/AC (0.02 h−1) was double that of Ze/AC (0.01 h−1). The reaction rate of Ze/L/AC (4.8 h−1) was also extraordinarily higher than that of Ze/AC (0.6 h−1) in the adsorption of Co(II). Ze/L/AC composite achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 44.8 mg/g for MB and 66.6 mg/g for Co(II) ions. The MB adsorption of Ze/AC and Ze/L/AC was best fit in Freundlich model with R2 of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively, which indicated the multilayer adsorption. In the Co(II) adsorption, the data was highly fit in Langmuir model with R2 of 0.94 and 0.92 which indicated the monolayer adsorption. These results indicated both materials exhibited chemisorption. The activation energy of Ze/L/AC in MB adsorption (34.9 kJ mol−1) was higher than that of Ze/L/AC in Co (II) adsorption (26 kJ mol−1).
Risk factors, classification, and operative choices of femur fractures at a Tertiary Hospital: first report from Somalia
Authors: Ibrahim Yasin Barkhad , Mohamed Abdullahi Yusuf , Ibrahim Hassan Salad , Mohamed Abdulkhalek Hassan , Cici Hakan , Mohamed Yahye Garad , Yasin Nor Abdi , May Hasan
Published: August 2023

A traumatic femur fracture is a significant cause of morbidity, affecting one to three million individuals annually. The present is the first study investigated the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, classification, mechanisms of injury, and early management of femoral fractures in Somalia. This retrospective epidemiological study included all patients with a femur fracture who were admitted for four years between November 2018 and December 2022 to the orthopedic and trauma surgery department. We reviewed patient demographic characteristics, including age and gender, the mechanism of injury, injury characteristics, and the type of fixation performed. We reviewed the radiographs and classified the fracture using the AO/OTA classification system. During the study period, a total of 402 patients were treated for femur fractures; 256 (64%) were males, and 144 (36%) were females. The mean patient age was 47.7 ± 8.5 years. Regarding the anatomical location of femur fractures, the proximal (31A, 31B) was the most common, accounting for 50% of the patients. Femur neck fracture (31B) was the most common in the proximal femur fractures. Gunshot 82 (59.42%) was the leading cause of femur shaft fractures. Most patients with femur shaft fractures were males; 150 (86.20%) and 152 (64.47%) were young patients between 19 and 40 years old. Almost half of the patients (86) with femur shaft fractures had open fractures. The distribution of the mechanism of injury significantly differed according to age (p < 0.001). Younger patients (< 40 years) were predominantly injured due to gunshot injuries compared to elderly cases (> 60 years), where falls from standing height were the primary mechanism of injuries. There was a statistically significant difference between the mechanism of injury and gender categories (p < 0.001). Male patients were injured mainly by gunshots in about 40%, while 80% of fractures in female patients were due to falls from standing height. Female fractures occurred primarily in the proximal, while the males had an equal fracture rate for proximal and shaft fractures. Femur fracture causes significant morbidity and mortality. The study findings revealed that the most common femur fracture type was femur neck fracture, and low-energy injuries were the most common mode of injury in the elderly. Proximal femur fractures occur in older age and mainly in females. Gunshots were the most common cause of femur shaft fractures in Somalia, a country that has struggled with wars for over 30 years.
A modified BG-Sentinel trap equipped with FTA card as a novel tool for mosquito-borne disease surveillance: a field test for flavivirus detection
Authors: Manzi Sara , Nelli Luca , Fortuna Claudia , Severini Francesco , Toma Luciano , Di Luca M. , Michelutti Alice , Bertola Michela , Gradoni Francesco , Toniolo Federica , Sgubin Sofia , Lista Florigio , Pazienza Michele , Montarsi Fabrizio , Pombi Marco
Published: August 2023

Early detection of pathogens in vectors is important in preventing the spread of arboviral diseases, providing a timely indicator of pathogen circulation before outbreaks occur. However, entomological surveillance may face logistical constraints, such as maintaining the cold chain, and resource limitations, such as the field and laboratory workload of mosquito processing. We propose an FTA card-based trapping system that aims to simplify both field and laboratory phases of arbovirus surveillance. We modified a BG-Sentinel trap to include a mosquito collection chamber and a sugar feeding source through an FTA card soaked in a long-lasting viscous solution of honey and hydroxy-cellulose hydrogel. The FTA card ensures environmental preservation of nucleic acids, allowing continuous collection and feeding activity of specimens for several days and reducing the effort required for viral detection. We tested the trap prototype during two field seasons (2019 and 2021) in North-eastern Italy and compared it to CDC-CO2 trapping applied in West Nile and Usutu virus regional surveillance. Collections by the BG-FTA approach detected high species diversity, including Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus, Culex modestus, Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato and Ochlerotatus caspius. When used for two-days sampling, the BG-FTA trap performed equally to CDC also for the WNV-major vector Cx. pipiens. The FTA cards detected both WNV and USUV, confirming the reliability of this novel approach to detect viral circulation in infectious mosquitoes. We recommend this surveillance approach as a particularly useful alternative in multi-target surveillance, for sampling in remote areas and in contexts characterized by high mosquito densities and diversity.
Macular superficial vascular density on optical coherence tomography angiography in children with unilateral anisometropic and bilateral hyperopic amblyopia
Authors: Chung Yeon Woong , Shin Sun Young , Yim Hye Bin
Published: August 2023

We analyzed whether macular superficial vascular density (SVD) and foveal vascular zone (FAZ) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can distinguish between bilateral ametropic and anisometropic amblyopia. We included 42, 33, and 50 eyes in the bilateral ametropic amblyopia, anisometropic amblyopia, and normal control groups, respectively. Using macular swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography, we measured and analyzed the superficial FAZ areas and five sectoral macular SVDs after magnification correction. The anisometropic amblyopic eye group showed significantly increased foveal SVDs (p < 0.001) and significantly decreased superficial FAZ areas (p < 0.001), compared with the remaining groups. Additionally, the bilateral ametropic amblyopia group had significantly decreased nasal SVDs. SVDs and superficial FAZ areas differed among hyperopic amblyopia subtypes. These findings may reflect vascular distribution differences and macular changes in hyperopic amblyopia subtypes compared with normal eyes.
Pre-stroke glycemic variability estimated by glycated albumin predicts hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Lee Sang-Hwa , Sohn Jong-Hee , Kim Chulho , Kim Yeo Jin , Jeon Jin Pyeong , Yang Jinseo , Park So Young , Choi Hyuk Jai
Published: August 2023

Glycemic variability has been shown to be correlated more with oxidative stress than chronic hyperglycemia. We evaluated the impact of pre-stroke glycemic variability measured using glycated albumin (GA) on hematoma expansion and clinical outcomes following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We consecutively enrolled 343 patients with ICH for 72 months using a single-center registry database. The primary outcome measure was hematoma expansion. The secondary outcome measures were early neurological deterioration (END), 1-month mortality, and 3-month poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin scale score of 4–6). The patients were divided into two groups based on pre-stroke glycemic variability: a higher GA group (GA ≥ 16.0%) and a lower GA group (GA < 16.0%). During the study period, there were 63 (18.4%) events of hematoma expansion, 61 (17.8%) of END, 45 (13.1%) of 1-month mortality, and 45 (13.1%) of 3-month poor functional outcomes after ICH. The higher GA group (36.4%) had higher rates of hematoma expansion, END, 1-month mortality, and 3-month poor functional outcomes than the lower GA group. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher GA level was significantly associated with increased hematoma expansion (adjusted odds ratio 5.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–13.19, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of GA (0.83; 95% CI 0.48–0.65) for predicting hematoma expansion was higher than that of glycated hemoglobin (0.57; 95% CI 0.48–0.65, p for DeLong’s pairwise comparison < 0.001). Higher GA levels could be a reliable marker for predicting hematoma expansion and poor outcomes following ICH.
Disparities in cannabis use and documentation in electronic health records among children and young adults
Authors: Tavabi Nazgol , Raza Marium , Singh Mallika , Golchin Shahriar , Singh Harsev , Hogue Grant D. , Kiapour Ata M.
Published: August 2023

The legalizations of medical and recreational cannabis have generated a great deal of interest in studying the health impacts of cannabis products. Despite increases in cannabis use, its documentation during clinical visits is not yet mainstream. This lack of information hampers efforts to study cannabis’s effects on health outcomes. A clear and in-depth understanding of current trends in cannabis use documentation is necessary to develop proper guidelines to screen and document cannabis use. Here we have developed and used a natural language processing pipeline to evaluate the trends and disparities in cannabis documentation. The pipeline includes a screening step to identify clinical notes with cannabis use documentation which is then fed into a BERT-based classifier to confirm positive use. This pipeline is applied to more than 23 million notes from a large cohort of 370,087 patients seen in a high-volume multi-site pediatric and young adult clinic over a period of 21 years. Our findings show a very low but growing rate of cannabis use documentation (<2%) in electronic health records with significant demographic and socioeconomic disparities in both documentation and positive use, which requires further attention.
Bind&Bite: covalently stabilized heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides for the site-selective, cysteine-free chemical modification of proteins
Authors: Beutel Jannis , Tannig Pierre , Di Vincenzo Riccardo , Schumacher Thomas , Überla Klaus , Eichler Jutta
Published: August 2023

A pair of heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides was modified to enable covalent stabilization of the dimer without using enzymes or cysteine. Fusion of the peptides to a protein and a chemical moiety, respectively, facilitates site-selective protein modification.
Tip-enhanced Raman imaging of plasmon-driven dimerization of 4-bromothiophenol on nickel-decorated gold nanoplate bimetallic nanostructures
Authors: Patil Swati J. , Kurouski Dmitry
Published: August 2023

We used tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to examine plasmon-driven dimerization of 4-bromothiophenol (4-BTP) into thiophenol (TP) and 4,4′-biphenyldithiol (4,4′-BPDT) on Au and Ni@AuNPs.
Photocatalytic C–F alkylation of trifluoromethyls using o-phosphinophenolate: mechanistic insights and substrate prediction
Authors: Li Rongrong , Yang Xinzheng , Guan Wei
Published: August 2023

Density functional theory computations reveal a radical mechanism of photocatalytic C–F bond functionalization of N-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoromethylacetamide using o-phosphinophenolate (PO) cooperative catalysis.
Dynamic behavior of metal nanoparticles in MOF materials: analysis with electron microscopy and deep learning
Authors: Erokhin Kirill S. , Pentsak Evgeniy O. , Sorokin Vyacheslav R. , Agaev Yury V. , Zaytsev Roman G. , Isaeva Vera I. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: August 2023

The study of the stability of different MOF structures under conditions of an electron microscope experiment revealed an unusual dynamic behavior of M NPs formed due to the electron-beam-induced transformation of specific frameworks.
Reductant-dependent DNA-templated silver nanoparticle formation kinetics
Authors: Yang Zi-Yang , Jiang Wen-Yan , Ran Shi-Yong
Published: August 2023

Single-molecule DNA-templated silver nanoparticle formation kinetics revealed different patterns depending on reductant.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the physical properties of MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Chavda Chintan P. , Srivastava Ashok , Vaughan Erin , Wang Jianwei , Gartia Manas Ranjan , Veronis Georgios
Published: August 2023

Gamma irradiation of MoS2 monolayer created point defects and altered its band structure and electronic density of states.
Strategy to probe multimodal light emissions from Eu3+/Yb3+activated garnet nanophosphors for LED devices and solar cell applications
Authors: Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Sarkar Minarul I. , Kumar Kaushal
Published: August 2023

This study investigates multimodal light emission from an Eu3+/Yb3+activated Y3Ga5O12(YGG) nanophosphor synthesized using a low temperature solution combustion method.
NIR-II responsive PEGylated MoO2 nanocrystals with LSPR for efficient photothermal and photodynamic performance enhancement
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Li Bo , Zhang Wenbo , Chen Zimo , Liu Jinping , Shi Yu , Xu Huanyan , Shan Lianwei , Liu Xin , Dong Limin
Published: August 2023

NIR-II responsive PEGylated MoO2 nanocrystals with LSPR were prepared and efficient photothermal and photodynamic enhancement performance and mechanisms were investigated.
Solid state structures and solution behaviour of tetranuclear lanthanide(iii) carbonate-bridged coordination compounds of chiral 3 + 3 amine macrocycle
Authors: Wydra Karol , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Lisowski Jerzy
Published: August 2023

A family of complexes [Ln4(HLR)2(CO3)2(NO3)2(H2O)4](NO3)2 were prepared. The solid-state structures of these complexes were compared with their solution behaviour.
Improving the efficiency and sustainability of chitin bioconversion through a combination of Streptomyces chitin-active-secretomes and mechanical-milling
Authors: Duhsaki Lal , Mukherjee Saumashish , Madhuprakash Jogi
Published: August 2023

A novel mechano-enzymatic approach combining ‘ball-milling’ and Streptomyces ‘chitin-active-secretomes’ for bioconversion of the highly crystalline α-chitin to chitooligosaccharides.
Naphthyl-azine – aggregation induced emission, reversible acidochromism, cyanide sensing and its application in intracellular imaging
Authors: Paul Sukanya , Debsharma Kingshuk , Dey Sunanda , Halder Satyajit , Jana Kuladip , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: August 2023

The probe 1-[(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazonomethyl]-naphthalen-2-ol (H2L) shows aggregation induced emission in 2 : 8 (v/v) CH3CN/H2O medium and functions as a sensitive chemoreceptor for HTFA vapour and CN−via different approaches.
Entropy generation in bioconvection hydromagnetic flow with gyrotactic motile microorganisms
Authors: Khan Sohail A. , Hayat T. , Alsaedi A.
Published: August 2023

Here, the magnetohydrodynamic bioconvective flow of a non-Newtonian nanomaterial over a stretched sheet is scrutinized.
Making coordination networks ionic: a unique strategy to achieve solution-processable hybrid semiconductors
Authors: Hei Xiuze , Li Jing
Published: August 2023

Recent advancements in solution-processable AIO hybrid semiconductors. The formation of ionic and coordinate bonds at the organic/inorganic interface leads to desirable properties for the fabrication of thin-film based optoelectronic devices.
Ligand-controlled cobalt-catalyzed isomerization and reductive C–O bond cleavage of allylic ethers
Authors: Chang Lijun , Cai Cheng , Chen Ran , Chen Jianhui , Luo Yanshu , Xia Yuanzhi
Published: August 2023

Cobalt-catalyzed isomerization and reductive cleavage of allylic ethers are described, which are controlled by the selection of ligand.
Electrochemical chemoselective hydroxyl group transformation: anthranilic acyl modification of tyrosine bioconjugations
Authors: You Shiqi , Wang Ruitao , Ma Chao , Lu Cuifen , Yang Guichun , Liu Li , Weng Yue , Gao Meng
Published: August 2023

We report an electrochemically promoted transformation for accessing tyrosine-containing biomolecules with anthranilic acid derivatives. Utilizing TBAF as the hydrogen-bonding additive, the tyrosine residue can be well labelled under mild conditions.
Scale up of reactor recipes for bimodal high-density polyethylene production in cascade process
Authors: G. Fisch Adriano
Published: August 2023

Method to scale up HDPE production in cascade polymerization processes.
Solventless hydrodeoxygenation of isoeugenol and dihydroeugenol in batch and continuous modes over a zeolite-supported FeNi catalyst
Authors: Vajglová Zuzana , Yevdokimova Olha , Medina Ananias , Eränen Kari , Tirri Teija , Hemming Jarl , Lindén Johan , Angervo Ilari , Damlin Pia , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: August 2023

A low-cost bimetallic bifunctional 5–5 wt% FeNi/H-Beta-300 catalyst was investigated in solventless hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived model compounds isoeugenol or dihydroeugenol in batch and continuous modes.
Microwave versus conventional promoted synthesis of fuel additives using graphitic carbon nitride supported catalysts
Authors: Polidoro Daniele , Balu Alina M. , Selva Maurizio , Luque Rafael , Osman Sameh M. , Chhabra Tripti
Published: August 2023

Microwave (MW) and conventional heating (CH) strategies were compared for the synthesis of fuel additives (alkyl levulinates) obtained from levulinic acid.
Investigating the amplitude and rotation of the phase spiral in the Milky Way outer disc
Authors: Alinder S. , McMillan P. J. , Bensby T.
Published: August 2023

Context. With data releases from the astrometric space mission Gaia, exploration of the structure of the Milky Way is now possible in unprecedented detail, and has unveiled many previously unknown structures in the Galactic disc and halo. One such feature is the Gaia phase spiral where the stars in the Galactic disc form a spiral density pattern in the Z − VZ plane. Many questions regarding the phase spiral remain, particularly how its amplitude and rotation change with position in the Galaxy.

Aims. We aim to characterize the shape, rotation, amplitude, and metallicity of the phase spiral in the outer disc of the Milky Way. This will allow us to better understand which physical processes caused the phase spiral and may provide further clues as to the Milky Way’s past and the events that contributed to its current state.

Methods. We use Gaia data release 3 (DR3) to get full position and velocity data on approximately 31.5 million stars, and metallicity for a subset of them. We then compute the angular momenta of the stars and develop a model to characterise the phase spiral in terms of amplitude and rotation at different locations in the disc.

Results. We find that the rotation angle of the phase spiral changes with Galactic azimuth and galactocentric radius, making the phase spiral appear to rotate about 3° per degree in Galactic azimuth. Furthermore, we find that the phase spiral in the 2200 − 2400 kpc km s−1 range of angular momentum is particularly strong compared to the phase spiral that can be observed in the solar neighbourhood. The metallicity of the phase spiral appears to match that of the field stars of the Milky Way disc.

Conclusions. We created a new model capable of fitting several key parameters of the Gaia phase spiral. We have been able to determine the rotation rate of the phase spiral to be about 3° per degree in Galactic azimuth. We find a maximum in the amplitude of the phase spiral at LZ ≈ 2300 km kpc s−1, which makes the phase spiral clearly visible. These results provide insights into the physical processes that led to the formation of the phase spiral and contribute to our understanding of the Milky Way’s past and present state.
TIC 43152097 The first eclipsing binary in NGC 2232
Authors: Frasca A. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Catanzaro G. , Bragaglia A. , D’Orazi V. , Fu X. , Vallenari A. , Andreuzzi G.
Published: August 2023

We report the discovery of a low-mass totally eclipsing system in the young (age ≃ 28 Myr) open cluster NGC 2232, during an examination of their TESS photometry. The follow-up study of this detached system, TIC 43152097, is based on photometry and high-resolution spectra from the literature and collected by us. The radial velocity of the center of mass and the photospheric lithium abundance of the binary components confirm its membership to NGC 2232. By analyzing the existing photometric and spectroscopic data, we obtain orbital elements and fundamental stellar parameters for the two stars. The primary component of TIC 43152097 is a late F-type dwarf (Teff = 6070 K), while the lower-mass secondary is a late K-type star (Teff = 4130 K) that is still in the pre-main-sequence phase. The precise measurements of the radii, masses, and effective temperatures, enabled by the simultaneous solution of light and radial velocity curves, indicate radius inflation for the K-type component, which turns out to be 7–11% larger than that predicted by standard evolutionary models. More sophisticated models incorporating both the inhibition of convective energy transport caused by sub-photospheric magnetic fields and the effects of cool starspots covering a substantial fraction of the stellar surface (30–60%) allow the position of the secondary component to be reproduced in the Hertzsprung–Russell and mass–radius diagrams.
International cooperation in the transport and logistics sector within the EAEU as a factor in the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development of the Eurasian region
Authors: Drozdova Maria , Pokrovskaya Oksana , Safronova Anastasia
Published: August 2023

The article examines the process of integration of transport and logistics ecosystems within the framework of implementing the goals of the EAEU, its main trends and tasks, as well as the change in the paradigm of cooperation development under the influence of the current geopolitical situation. Improvement, harmonization and unification of the effective legal and regulatory framework is the central task for the implementation of regional policy in the Eurasian region. Its implementation is necessary to create a single legal, digital, infrastructural transport and logistics space, ensuring the growth of both the national economies of the EAEU member states and the synergistic effects of integration processes and the cohesion of economic and transport systems. It appears that the implementation of digital initiatives is necessary to create an ecosystem of seamless transstate logistics interaction.
Innovative bases of technology of autonomous transportation of perishable cargo
Authors: Abdullaev Bakhrom , Gayipov Aziz , Rahimov Rustam , Jabbarov Shukhrat , Galimova Farida , Khurmatov Yakhyobek
Published: August 2023

Transportation of perishable goods is a special type of transportation that has great social significance and has an impact on the health of the population. The correct choice of transportation technology and vehicle ensures the preservation of the quality of the transported perishable cargo due to compliance with the required temperature conditions, which in turn ensures compliance with food safety requirements. This article is devoted to the development of scientifically sound recommendations for the selection of new cooling systems for perishable goods by rail and technology parameters, including requirements for specialized vehicles, compliance with which will provide conditions for maintaining the quality of cargo throughout the entire transportation. The subject of research is to ensure the possibility of changing the composition of the gas environment of vehicles for the transportation of perishable goods due to re-equipment. The aim of the work is to develop the principles of technology for autonomous transportation of perishable foodstuffs, namely, ensuring high thermal parameters of vehicle enclosing structures; autonomous operation of installations during PG transportation with the simplest and most reliable implementation; achieving maximum efficiency of the equipment used in terms of generating thermal energy or energy spent on cooling when using non-energy-intensive methods organization of mass exchange of air inside the cargo area. Through analysis and theoretical studies, the possibility of joint operation of the gasifier and the heater was confirmed, the single-line nitrogen supply scheme was adjusted. Due to the use of modern methods and devices for cooling (heating), a reduction in costs for the transportation of products is guaranteed. The result of the work is confirmation of the possibility of joint operation of the gasifier and the heater under real conditions of transportation of fruit and vegetable products by rail.
Mathematical modelling of the carbon nanotubes synthesis by methane pyrolysis on a copper catalyst based on the approximation approach
Authors: Modestov K.A. , Shamyanov A.A. , Skichko A.S.
Published: August 2023

We present the mathematical model concepts for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes by catalytic pyrolysis of methane, based on the analysis and approximation of the dependence of the process stages on the gas phase composition and temperature. The process was considered to consist of three successive stages that include the linear stage of initial growth with a constant specific rate, the stage of growth retardation due to the catalyst active site deactivation, and the stage close to linear, occurring after equilibrium of the accompanying sorption-desorption processes on the active sites is reached. Based on the available experimental studies on a specific catalyst, a step-by-step search for mathematical patterns describing the selected phases of a typical nanotubes growth curve was performed. We have determined and confirmed the criteria for the dependence of the proposed equations parameters on the gas phase composition. The article also discusses the advantages of the proposed approach for modeling complex processes in comparison with traditional physicochemical approaches.
Derive the finite difference scheme for the numerical solution of the first-order diffusion equation IBVP using the Crank-Nicolson method
Authors: Kurbonov Elyorjon , Rakhimov Nodir , Juraev Shokhabbos , Islamova Feruza
Published: August 2023

In the article, a differential scheme is created for the the first-order diffusion equation using the Crank-Nicolson method. The stability of the differential scheme was checked using the Neumann method. To solve the problem numerically, stability intervals were found using the Neman method. This work presents an analysis of the stability of the Crank-Nicolson scheme for the two-dimensional diffusion equation using Von Neumann stability analysis. The Crank-Nicolson scheme is a widely used numerical method for solving partial differential equations that combines the explicit and implicit schemes. The stability analysis is an important factor to consider when choosing a numerical method for solving partial differential equations, as numerical instability can cause inaccurate solutions. We show that the Crank-Nicolson scheme is unconditionally stable, meaning that it can be used for a wide range of parameters without being affected by numerical instability. Overall, the analysis and implementation presented in this work provide a framework for designing and analyzing numerical methods for solving partial differential equations using the Crank-Nicolson scheme. The stability analysis is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of numerical solutions of partial differential equations.
Standardization perspectives applicable in the field of artificial intelligence
Authors: Kuprikov N. M. , Kuprikov M. Yu. , Kozhukhova E. A.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a study of the current state of standardisation opportunities in the field of Artificial Intelligence looking forward to 2030. As an example of the artificial intelligence technologies use for development purposes, the team of authors considered general education activities. The study analysed and established the potential risks of using AI technologies in educational activities and cited factors which, according to the authors, could constrain the development of the AI field. The characteristics of GOST 59895-2021, GOST 59900-2021 and GOST R 59899-2021, which came into force in 20022, are given. As a conclusion to the paper, practical recommendations on the application of new GOSTs in the field are given. The mentioned GOSTs in perspective should allow removing restrictions on the use of AI technologies in education, overcoming the difficulties of assessing the applied effect of the use of artificial intelligence systems.
Issues of development of research equipment elements by FDM printing
Authors: Shakirov Rustem , Sabanaev Ildar
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis on the issue of using additive technologies in the field of chemistry and petrochemistry. Possible areas of application are identified and a range of tasks in the practice of scientific experiment in the study of chemical and petrochemical processes that can be effectively solved with the help of such tools are outlined. It is shown that low-cost methods for developing models of technological equipment elements based on FDM printing can be quite effectively applied in practice. The conclusion is made on the basis of a study of the strength, resistance to strong solvents and tightness of the created structures.
The effect of hydrogen additives on fuel consumption and hydrocarbon emissions in gasoline fuelled Wankel rotary engine
Authors: Levin Yuriy , Fedyanov Evgeny , Gurulev Dmitrii , Itkis Evgeny
Published: August 2023

Experimental data for Wankel rotary engine performance on hydrogen blends with hydrocarbon fuel is presented. Researches are performed on partial loads and idle. Hydrogen mass fraction additions to the fuel mixture didn’t exceed at partial loads 5% and idle mode 9%. The excess air ratio was stoichiometric. It is shown that for partial loads (20% of full load) and engine speed 2000 rotary per minute 5% hydrogen addition yields to 4.2% decrease of brake specific fuel consumption (hydrogen consumption was converted to gasoline consumption computed proportionally to their combustion heats ratio). Amount of unburned hydrocarbons for the conditions mentioned reduces in a factor of 1.8 and emission of carbon monoxide in a factor of 2.3. Hydrogen addition notably increase effective leaning limit, thus for idle mode tests Wankel rotary engine showed steady performance even for excess air ratio 1.16, while in the absence of addition instability displayed itself for excess air ratio exceeding 0.95.