bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Potential of Hydrogen Sulfide in Reproductive System Disorders
Authors: Sun Xutao , Mao Caiyun , Xie Ying , Zhong Qing , Zhang Rong , Jiang Deyou , Song Yunjia
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), previously regarded as a toxic exhaust and atmospheric pollutant, has emerged as the third gaseous signaling molecule following nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Recent research has revealed significant biological effects of H2S in a variety of systems, such as the nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Additionally, H2S has been found to impact reproductive system function and may have therapeutic implications for reproductive disorders. This paper explores the relationship between H2S and male reproductive disorders, specifically erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer, male infertility, and testicular damage. Additionally, it examines the impact of H2S regulation on the pathophysiology of the female reproductive system, including improvements in preterm birth, endometriosis, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion, placental oxidative damage, embryo implantation, recovery of myometrium post-delivery, and ovulation. The study delves into the regulatory functions of H2S within the reproductive systems of both genders, including its impact on the NO/cGMP pathway, the activation of K+ channels, and the relaxation mechanism of the spongy smooth muscle through the ROCK pathway, aiming to broaden the scope of potential therapeutic strategies for treating reproductive system disorders in clinical settings.
Brain Sciences Special Issue “Neuromodulation of Cortical Networks in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Clinical Indications and the Biophysiological Impact of Stimulation”
Authors: Rogić Vidaković Maja , Šoda Joško , Kuluva Joshua Elan
Published: May 2024

Individuals with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders face a variety of difficulties that can significantly impact their daily lives [...]
Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Bending Performance of T-Beams Strengthened with Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Based on the CDP Model
Authors: Long Yu , Jiang Zhimei , Zou Kongru , Du Jiang , Yang Jun
Published: May 2024

In bridge reinforcement projects, damaged T-beams are the most common objects for reinforcement, yet the interface bonding and bending performance of UHPC reinforcement on T-beams have hardly been studied. To ensure the reliability and stability of UHPC-strengthened T-beams in practical applications, this study introduced a post-installed rebar bonding technique to efficiently connect T-beams with UHPC layers. Initially, using ABAQUS software [2020 version] for finite element simulation, this study investigated the effects of various post-installed rebar parameters (horizontal spacing, yield strength, diameter, and matrix concrete strength) on the shear performance of the UHPC and RC interface, obtaining the optimal connection parameters. Subsequently, by comparing shear formulas in domestic and international standards, a new UHPC-RC steel bar interface shear strength theoretical formula with 93.6% accuracy was derived. Finally, finite element simulations analyzed the impact of different post-installed reinforcing bar layout forms and longitudinal spacing, as well as UHPC-strengthened location and layer thickness, on the bending performance of damaged T-beams. The results showed a good match between simulation outcomes and experimental results, applicable for further reinforcement analysis of T-beams. When the horizontal spacing of post-installed rebars is 12d, with diameters ranging from 10 mm to 14 mm, their anchoring capability is efficiently utilized. A square form of a post-installed rebar with a longitudinal spacing of 300 mm effectively improves the ultimate bending load capacity of the strengthened beam. The simulation analysis and theoretical results help in the design and application of post-installed steel connections and UHPC-strengthened structures in UHPC-strengthened reinforced concrete T-beam structures.
Long-Term Follow-Up after Laser-Assisted Pulmonary Metastasectomy Shows Complete Lung Function Recovery
Authors: Baum Daniel , Rolle Axel , Koschel Dirk , Rostock Lysann , Decker Rahel , Sombati Monika , Öhme Florian , Plönes Till
Published: May 2024

Preserving maximum lung function is a fundamental goal of parenchymal-sparing pulmonary laser surgery. Long-term studies for follow-up of lung function after pulmonary laser metastasectomy are lacking. However, a sufficient postoperative lung function is essential for quality of life and reduces potential postoperative complications. In this study, we investigate the extent of loss in lung function following pulmonary laser resection after three, six, and twelve months. We conducted a retrospective analysis using a prospective database of 4595 patients, focusing on 126 patients who underwent unilateral pulmonary laser resection for lung metastases from 1996 to 2022 using a 1318 nm Nd:YAG laser or a high-power pure diode laser. Results show that from these patients, a median of three pulmonary nodules were removed, with 75% presenting central lung lesions and 25% peripheral lesions. The median preoperative FEV1 was 98% of the predicted value, decreasing to 71% postoperatively but improving to 90% after three months, 93% after six months, and 96% after twelve months. Statistical analysis using the Friedman test indicated no significant difference in FEV1 between preoperative levels and those at six and twelve months post-surgery. The findings confirm that pulmonary laser surgery effectively preserves lung function over time, with patients generally regaining their preoperative lung function within a year, regardless of the metastases’ location.
Endocrine Immune-Related Adverse Events Are Independent Predictors of Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Panagiotou Emmanouil , Ntouraki Sofia , Vathiotis Ioannis A. , Livanou Maria Effrosyni , Trimis Athanasios , Evangelou Georgios , Charpidou Andriani , Syrigos Konstantinos , Peppa Melpomeni
Published: May 2024

Lung cancer (LC) is a serious health problem worldwide. Survival outcomes have improved over time due to the widespread use of novel therapeutic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Endocrine immune-related adverse events (e-irAEs) are common in LC patients treated with ICIs. We performed a retrospective study of patients with LC who received treatment with ICIs at a tertiary referral center between January 2014 and October 2023. In total, 983 LC patients were included in the study. E-irAEs presented at a median time of 4.1 months and included hypothyroidism (15.6%), hyperthyroidism (4.3%), adrenal insufficiency (0.4%), hypophysitis (0.4%), and diabetes mellitus (0.2%). These toxicities were not related to the duration of treatment or the type of ICIs. Most (97.6%) e-irAEs were mild (grade 1–2). Median overall survival (OS) was higher in LC patients who experienced e-irAEs (31.6 months) compared to those who did not (10.8 months). The difference remained statistically significant in the 3-month (HR: 0.42) and 6-month landmark analysis (HR: 0.51). The OS advantage was observed in both patients with NSCLC (HR: 0.36) and SCLC (HR: 0.27). Additional research is needed to validate the role of e-irAEs as an independent predictor of survival outcomes in patients with LC.
A Framework for Upscaling of Emerging Chemical Processes Based on Thermodynamic Process Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Imtiaz Hafiz Farooq
Published: May 2024

Prospective environmental and technological assessment of emerging chemical processes is necessary to identify, analyze and evaluate the technologies that are highly imperative in the transition towards climate neutrality. The investigation of the environmental impacts and material and energy requirements of the processes at the low technology readiness level (TRL) is important in making early decisions about the feasibility of adapting and upscaling the process to the industrial level. However, the upscaling of new chemical processes has always been a major challenge; and in this context, there is no general methodological guidance available in the literature. Hence, a new comprehensive methodological framework for upscaling of novel chemical processes is designed and presented based on thermodynamic process modeling and simulation. The practical implementation of the proposed methodology is extensively discussed by developing a scaled-up novel carbon capture and utilization (CCU) process comprised of sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) from blast furnace gas with a capacity of 1000 liter per hour (L/h) using methanol and its utilization as a precursor to produce methane (CH4). It was found that thermodynamic process modeling and simulations based on the perturbed-chain statistical associating (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EOS) can precisely estimate the CO2 solubility in methanol and conversion to CH4 at various temperature and pressure conditions. The achieved thermophysical property and kinetics parameters can be employed in process simulations to estimate scaled-up environmental flows and material and energy requirements of the process.
Finding Stability—A Case Report on the Benefits of Adapted Kata Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Orhan Bekir Erhan , Uzunçayır Dilek , Canlı Umut , Karaçam Aydın , Özdemir Ali Selman , Popa Cristian , Iconomescu Teodora-Mihaela , Talaghir Laurențiu-Gabriel
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the efficacy of an Adapted Kata Training Program (AKTP) in enhancing balance for a 10-year-old child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), employing a mixed-model approach for data collection. Over 12 weeks, the AKTP demonstrated significant improvements in the child’s balance abilities, with an 11% increase in static balance, 8% in proprioceptive, 12% in horizontal, and 14% in vertical balance performance. These improvements persisted in a follow-up assessment after four weeks. Observations by the child’s mother corroborated the above findings. Consequently, this research suggests the AKTP as a valuable non-pharmacological intervention to improve balance in children with ASD. However, further studies are necessary to validate these results and explore the impact on additional developmental domains, such as cognitive and motor skills.
Music Therapy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Center’s Experience with Program Development, Implementation, and Preliminary Outcomes
Authors: Erdei Carmina , Schlesinger Kim , Pizzi Meredith R. , Inder Terrie E.
Published: May 2024

Background: The role of music in the NICU continues to evolve, with recent studies documenting the positive impact of music therapy for hospitalized infants and families. With many potential benefits and no substantial adverse effects reported to date in medically stable infants, we aimed to create a clinical guideline to integrate this therapy into the NICU operations. Methods: we launched and implemented a pilot music therapy clinical program within a subunit of a level-III NICU, building upon available evidence. Results: In this report, we describe our experience with initial program development and early outcomes in terms of population served, frequency of music therapy, and therapeutic modalities employed to implement service delivery. Conclusion: we highlight the importance of establishing practices that are aligned with currently available data and recommendations, in order to facilitate delivery of a safe, evidence-based, meaningful therapeutic experience with monitoring of preliminary effects of the therapy on all those involved in the experience.
Expanding the Phenotype of the CACNA1C-Associated Neurological Disorders in Children: Systematic Literature Review and Description of a Novel Mutation
Authors: Cipriano Lorenzo , Piscopo Raffaele , Aiello Chiara , Novelli Antonio , Iolascon Achille , Piscopo Carmelo
Published: May 2024

Background: CACNA1C gene encodes the alpha 1 subunit of the CaV1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel. Pathogenic variants in this gene have been associated with cardiac rhythm disorders such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome and Timothy syndrome. Recent evidence has suggested the possible association between CACNA1C mutations and neurologically-isolated (in absence of cardiac involvement) phenotypes in children, giving birth to a wider spectrum of CACNA1C-related clinical presentations. However, to date, little is known about the variety of both neurological and non-neurological signs/symptoms in the neurologically-predominant phenotypes. Methods and Results: We conducted a systematic review of neurologically-predominant presentations without cardiac conduction defects, associated with CACNA1C mutations. We also reported a novel de novo missense pathogenic variant in the CACNA1C gene of a children patient presenting with constructional, dressing and oro-buccal apraxia associated with behavioral abnormalities, mild intellectual disability, dental anomalies, gingival hyperplasia and mild musculoskeletal defects, without cardiac conduction defects. Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of considering the investigation of the CACNA1C gene in children’s neurological isolated syndromes, and expands the phenotype of the CACNA1C related conditions. In addition, the present study highlights that, even in absence of cardiac conduction defects, nuanced clinical manifestations of the Timothy syndrome (e.g., dental and gingival defects) could be found. These findings suggest the high variable expressivity of the CACNA1C gene and remark that the absence of cardiac involvement should not mislead the diagnosis of a CACNA1C related disorder.
Corrosion Resistance and Conductivity of Ta-Nb-N-Coated 316L Stainless Steel as Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Qizhong , Ding Chuan , Yang Mai , Yang Meijun , Gao Tenghua , Zhang Song , Ji Baifeng , Goto Takashi , Tu Rong
Published: May 2024

The large-scale application of stainless steel (SS) bipolar plates (BPs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is mainly limited by insufficient corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. In this work, Ta-Nb-N coatings were prepared on 316L SS substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering to improve corrosion resistance and conductivity. The Ta-Nb-N coatings had a dense structure without obvious defects. In simulated PEMFC cathode environments consisting of 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF at 70 ± 0.5 °C, which is harsher than the U.S. Department of Energy specification, the corrosion current density of Ta-Nb-N-coated BPs was reduced to 2.2 × 10−2 μA·cm−2. Ta-Nb-N-coated samples showed better electrical conductivity than 316L SS, which had an excellent interfacial contact resistance of 9.2 mΩ·cm2. In addition, the Ta-Nb-N-coated samples had a water contact angle of 100.7°, showing good hydrophobicity for water management. These results indicate that Ta-Nb-N coatings could be a promising material for BPs.
Uncovering the Effect of CeO2 on the Microstructure and Properties of TiAl/WC Coatings on Titanium Alloy
Authors: Sui Xinmeng , Weng Yitao , Zhang Lin , Lu Jian , Huang Xiangbiao , Long Fuquan , Zhang Weiping
Published: May 2024

It remains a popular question whether rare earth oxides encourage reinforcing phases to the uniform distribution in cermet coating to improve the mechanical properties. This study applied laser cladding to prepare the TiAl/WC/CeO2 MMC cermet coatings on the TC21 alloy substrate. The effects of CeO2 content on the phase composition, microstructure formation, evolution mechanism, and properties of cermet coatings were investigated. Results show that the incorporation of CeO2 did not change the phase of composite coating, but the shape of the TiC phase has a close relation to the CeO2 content. CeO2 enhanced the fluidity of the molten pool, which further encouraged the TiC/Ti2AlC core-shell reinforcement phase. With the increase in CeO2 content, the optimized coating contributed to homogenous microstructure distribution and fine grain size. Owing to the hard phases strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects of CeO2, the microhardness of the composite coatings was all significantly higher (almost 1.6 times) than that of the substrate. Importantly, the addition of CeO2 significantly improved the wear resistance of the composite coating. This work provides a certain reference value for the study of surface strengthening of key parts in the aerospace field.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tantalum Carbide in the TaBr5–CCl4–Cd System
Authors: Krenicky Tibor , Goncharov Oleg Y. , Kuchar Jiri , Sapegina Irina V. , Kudlacek Jan , Faizullin Ravil R. , Korshunov Alexander I. , Cerny Daniel
Published: May 2024

The tantalum carbide coatings were deposited on substrates made of 12Kh18N10T steel, ZhC6 alloy, and molybdenum by reduction of TaBr5 and CCl4 vapors with cadmium vapors at temperatures of 950–1000 K. The average deposition rate of coatings on molybdenum was ~5 μm/h, on ZhC6 alloy was ~6 μm/h, and on 12Kh18N10T steel was ~8 μm/h. The coatings were formed as columnar grains on the substrate surface and as a diffuse layer in the substrate material. The surface layers contained mainly tantalum monocarbide TaCy (y = 0.72–0.86) and a small fraction of tantalum. The coatings on the surface of ZhC6 alloy and 12Kh18N10T steel flaked off with increasing thickness, which was due to different thermal expansion of the coating and substrate, as well as concentration inhomogeneity and phase transitions in the substrate material during coating deposition and during the heating and cooling processes.
Development of Chitosan-Based Films Incorporated with Chestnut Flower Essential Oil That Possess Good Anti-Ultraviolet Radiation and Antibacterial Effects for Banana Storage
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Zhang Jingyuan , Peng Fei , Niu Kui , Hou Wenlong , Du Bin , Yang Yuedong
Published: May 2024

New and valuable packaging materials, with high biocompatibility and biodegradability, have garnered attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characterization and biological activities of chitosan (CH)-based composite films with the incorporation of chestnut flower essential oil (CFEO). The composite films were prepared by the casting method and characterized in terms of structural, morphological, and mechanical properties via FT-IR, XRD, UV, SEM, AFM, and TGA. Antibacterial properties were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Calletotrichum musae. Antioxidant capabilities were measured by DPPH assay. The results proved the significantly increased water vapor permeability (WVP), heat resistance, and antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities of CH-CFEO films. The incorporation of CH and CFEO enhanced UV blocking, which made the film shield almost all UV light. Films with a tensile strength of 6.37 ± 0.41 MPa and an elongation at break of 22.57 ± 0.35% were obtained with 6 mg mL−1 of CFEO. Subsequently, banana preservation experiments also confirmed that the composite films could effectively extend shelf life through reducing weight loss. These desirable performances enable our newly developed composite films to be a remarkable packaging material to become alternatives to traditional petroleum-based food-packaging materials and solve the fresh fruit preservation dilemma.
Research on the Ablation Resistance of TiC Particle-Reinforced Aluminium-Based Composite Coatings on Armature Surface
Authors: Fan Chenlu , Zhang Li , Kurbonov Nurbek Nurullougli , Rakhmonov Ikromjon Usmonovich , Wang Guan
Published: May 2024

The work aims to enhance and modify the armature surface in electromagnetic rail launch systems and improve its anti-ablation performance to better resist the impact ablation effects of high-temperature and high-speed arcs during the electromagnetic rail launch process and improve launch reliability. TiC particles are widely selected as metal material reinforcements, with advantages such as high melting points and high hardness. In this paper, the arc impact model of pure aluminum alloy and the arc impact model of TiC particle-reinforced aluminum-matrix composite coating–pure aluminum alloy were constructed based on molecular dynamics simulation. The ablation resistance of the material was evaluated by analyzing the depth of arc impact, the mass loss of the model, the number of gasification atoms, and the surface temperature of the material. The protection mechanism of the modified layer on the substrate was revealed by analyzing the damage degree of the surface and subsurface of the material after arc impact. The results showed that the strengthening mechanism of TiC particle-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites included fine grain strengthening, dispersion strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and so on. Covering TiC particle-reinforced aluminum-matrix composite coating on the surface of aluminum alloy armature is helpful in improving its ablation resistance. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the modification design and performance control of electromagnetic rail armature.
Development and Application of a Nano-Gas Sensor for Monitoring and Preservation of Ancient Books in the Library
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang Qingyu , He Susu , Chen Zhiyin , Qiu Wentong , Yu Yunjiang
Published: May 2024

Monitoring the gas composition in library environments is crucial for the preservation of ancient books. In this study, TiO2 NTs/CNTs composites were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and utilized as nano-gas sensors for NO2 detection. The surface morphology and element composition of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, the gas sensitivity of the prepared TiO2 nanocomposites was evaluated at different temperatures, both with and without ultraviolet light irradiation. The results demonstrate that the synthesized TiO2 NTs/CNTs samples exhibit a large specific surface area due to their titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composition. Moreover, these samples display excellent gas sensitivity under ultraviolet light irradiation at temperatures of 120 °C. Compared to uncomposited and non-ultraviolet light irradiated samples, the sensor response rate is significantly improved, enabling effective monitoring of NO2 gas in library environments conducive to preserving ancient books. Overall, our findings highlight that the developed TiO2 NTs/CNTs nano gas sensor holds great potential for monitoring and safeguarding ancient books.
Influence of the Phosphor Layer Composition on Flexible Electroluminescent Device Performance
Authors: Esteves Dina , Akgül Esra , Sanivada Usha Kiran , Moreira Inês P. , Bessa João , Silva Carla A. , Cunha Fernando , Fangueiro Raul
Published: May 2024

Electroluminescence (EL) is an innovative technology in the lighting area. EL devices’ main structure consists of a phosphor layer sandwiched between two electrodes. In this work, several alternating-current EL devices were developed by applying a set of sequential layers with combinations of in-house prepared inks and a commercially available ink as the phosphor layer. A flexible polyester textile substrate was functionalized with the inks by spray coating, after knife coating an interfacial layer directly on the surface. A thorough study was carried out on the phosphor layer composition to optimize the EL device performance, more precisely, illuminance intensity and illuminance homogeneity. The developed phosphor layer was composed of zinc sulfide doped with copper (between 30.0 and 38.1 wt%) and diluted by using a diluent at different concentrations (from 28.0 to 35.5 wt%). The best peak illuminance intensity of 61 lux was obtained when the phosphor ink presented a 35.4% ZnS:Cu ratio and was diluted with 33.0% diluent. This study aimed to determine the best formulation of the phosphor layer, which can be highly useful for further developments of EL devices, taking into account different applications in the market.
Effects of Annealing Temperature on Bias Temperature Stress Stabilities of Bottom-Gate Coplanar In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Chen Yuyun , Shen Yi , Chen Yuanming , Xu Guodong , Liu Yudong , Huang Rui
Published: May 2024

Defect annihilation of the IGZO/SiO2 layer is of great importance to enhancing the bias stress stabilities of bottom-gate coplanar thin-film transistors (TFTs). The effects of annealing temperatures (Ta) on the structure of the IGZO/SiO2 layer and the stabilities of coplanar IGZO TFTs were investigated in this work. An atomic depth profile showed that the IGZO/SiO2 layer included an IGZO layer, an IGZO/SiO2 interfacial mixing layer, and a SiO2 layer. Higher Ta had only one effect on the IGZO layer and SiO2 layer (i.e., strengthening chemical bonds), while it had complex effects on the interfacial mixing layer—including weakening M-O bonds (M: metallic elements in IGZO), strengthening damaged Si-O bonds, and increasing O-related defects (e.g., H2O). At higher Ta, IGZO TFTs exhibited enhanced positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) stabilities but decreased negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) stabilities. The enhanced PBTS stabilities were correlated with decreased electron traps due to the stronger Si-O bonds near the interfacial layer. The decreased NBTS stabilities were related to increased electron de-trapping from donor-like defects (e.g., weak M-O bonds and H2O) in the interfacial layer. Our results suggest that although higher Ta annihilated the structural damage at the interface from ion bombardment, it introduced undesirable defects. Therefore, to comprehensively improve electrical stabilities, controlling defect generation (e.g., by using a mild sputtering condition of source/drain electrodes and oxides) was more important than enhancing defect annihilation (e.g., through increasing Ta).
A Study on the Corrosion Behavior of RGO/Cu/Fe-Based Amorphous Composite Coatings in High-Temperature Seawater
Authors: Chu Zhenhua , Zhang Yunzheng , Tang Wan , Xu Yuchen , Xu Jingxiang
Published: May 2024

In this paper, based on an Fe-based amorphous alloy, four kinds of RGO/Cu/Fe-based amorphous composite coatings with mass ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of RGO/Cu were prepared on the surface of 45# steel by using high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The coatings were immersed in simulated seawater at room temperature and at 90 °C for different lengths of time, and their corrosion resistance was tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the surface morphology and phase distribution of the samples were observed. The results showed that with the increase in the introduction ratio of RGO/Cu, when the addition ratio reached 15%, the composite coating had the best corrosion resistance. After soaking in simulated seawater at 90 °C for 18 days, the surface of the coating showed slight peeling and crack propagation, but no obvious pitting phenomenon occurred. The corrosion mechanism of the RGO/Cu/Fe coating in high-temperature seawater is mainly that high temperature causes the cracking of the coating, which opens up a transport channel for corrosion media. However, due to the addition of RGO, the corrosion has a certain self-limitation effect, which is mainly due to the toughening effect of RGO on the coating and its effect on extending the corrosion channel.
An Efficient Homomorphic Argmax Approximation for Privacy-Preserving Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Peng , Duan Ao , Lu Hengrui
Published: May 2024

Privacy-preserving neural networks offer a promising solution to train and predict without user privacy leakage, and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) stands out as one of the key technologies, as it enables homomorphic operations over encrypted data. However, only addition and multiplication homomorphisms are supported by FHE, and thus, it faces huge challenges when implementing non-linear functions with ciphertext inputs. Among the non-linear functions in neural networks, one may refer to the activation function, the argmax function, and maximum pooling. Inspired by using a composition of low-degree minimax polynomials to approximate sign and argmax functions, this study focused on optimizing the homomorphic argmax approximation, where argmax is a mathematical operation that identifies the index of the maximum value within a given set of values. For the method that uses compositions of low-degree minimax polynomials to approximate argmax, in order to further reduce approximation errors and improve computational efficiency, we propose an improved homomorphic argmax approximation algorithm that includes rotation accumulation, tree-structured comparison, normalization, and finalization phases. And then, the proposed homomorphic argmax algorithm was integrated into a neural network structure. Comparative experiments indicate that the network with our proposed argmax algorithm achieved a slight increase in accuracy while significantly reducing the inference latency by 58%, as the homomorphic sign and rotation operations were rapidly reduced.
Auditable Anonymous Electronic Examination
Authors: Vécsi Ádám , Pethő Attila
Published: May 2024

Ensuring security in electronic examination systems represents a significant challenge, particularly when practical considerations dictate that most involved parties cannot be fully trusted due to self-interest. To enhance the security, we introduce auditability to e-exam systems, enabling an auditing authority to verify the system integrity. This auditability not only ensures system robustness but also creates an opportunity to grant communication between candidates and examiners, allowing for clarification on unclear questions during exams. Additionally, the implementation of attribute-based certifications ensures anonymity for both candidates and examiners throughout all stages of the exam, with the option for revocation in case of audit-detected fraud.
Processing Techniques and Metallurgical Perspectives and Their Potential Correlation in Aluminum Bottle Manufacturing for Sustainable Packaging Solutions
Authors: Javidani Mousa , Nikzad Khangholi Siamak , Chapdelaine Alain
Published: May 2024

This study explores the potential of aluminum wine bottles as a sustainable alternative to traditional glass bottles, emphasizing their recyclability and environmental advantages. It reviews the potential use of Al-Mn-Mg 3xxx alloys in beverage can bodies and examines various applications of aluminum containers in packaging, including recyclable beverage containers. The manufacturing processes for aluminum bottles, including casting, rolling, punching, and deformation techniques, are discussed in detail, with a particular focus on their impact on mechanical properties and microstructure. The preference for 1xxx aluminum alloys in impact extrusion is explained, highlighting their lower flow stress and higher formability compared to 3xxx alloys, and the microstructural changes induced by various processing steps are analyzed. Challenges related to using recycled aluminum and their effects on mechanical properties and microstructure during aluminum bottle production are also addressed. One objective is to increase the proportion of recycled alloyed material used in aluminum bottle manufacturing. Depending on the technique employed, the fraction of alloyed recycled material can vary. The percentage of recycled alloyed material (3xxx series Al alloys) in cold backward impact extrusion could be raised by 60%. High-speed blow forming could facilitate the production of aluminum bottles with a recycled alloyed material ranging from 50 to 100% of the 3xxx series aluminum can body alloys. The high-speed drawing and ironing (DWI) process can produce large-format aluminum bottles (up to 750 mL), utilizing at least 90% of the recycled 3xxx series can body stock. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of optimized heat treatment designs in enhancing mechanical properties and controlling microstructural evolution in alloyed aluminum materials, such as 3xxx series alloys. The study concludes with a need for further research to deepen our understanding of the metallurgical aspects of aluminum bottle manufacturing and to optimize the use of recycled aluminum in packaging solutions, with a specific focus on improving mechanical properties and microstructural integrity. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the development of more sustainable packaging practices in the beverage industry by providing insights into the interplay between manufacturing processes, mechanical properties, and microstructure of aluminum bottles.
Low Genetic and Parasite Diversity of Invasive Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae) Expanding in Türkiye
Authors: Kvach Yuriy , Tkachenko Maria Yu. , Giannetto Daniela , Míč Robert , Bartáková Veronika , Ağdamar Sevan , Saç Gülşah , Özuluğ Müfit , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Ondračková Markéta
Published: May 2024

Multiple factors can facilitate invasion success, with the absence of natural enemies, such as predators and parasites, recognised as conferring a significant advantage on invasive over native species. Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae) represents one of the most successful freshwater fish invaders in Europe. Previous research has highlighted genetic differences between pumpkinseed populations in Türkiye and those in other European regions, attributed to rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether these highly adapted pumpkinseed populations in Türkiye benefit from a potential release from parasites, as proposed by the enemy-release hypothesis. Genetic characterisation of pumpkinseed populations from both European and Asian parts of Türkiye revealed that they share the same cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype as European populations. Microsatellite analysis indicated low genetic diversity, with STRUCTURE analysis confirming the clustering of all Turkish populations, suggesting a common source. Consistent with the low genetic diversity indicative of a small founding population, we observed a limited number of co-introduced parasite species, including the myxozoan Myxobolus dechtiari, the monogenean Onchocleidus dispar, and the digenean Posthodiplostomum centrarchi. Parasite infection by local parasites acquired in Türkiye was rare. Parasite diversity, species richness, and equitability were low, with only nine parasite taxa identified in all four pumpkinseed populations. The most diverse parasite community was found in Değirmenköy Reservoir, located in the European part of Türkiye, where seven parasite taxa were identified. While our study did not uncover genetically distinct pumpkinseed populations in Türkiye, the fish demonstrated resilience against most local parasite species, potentially providing them with an advantage over native species, aligning with the enemy-release hypothesis.
Model-Free RBF Neural Network Intelligent-PID Control Applying Adaptive Robust Term for Quadrotor System
Authors: Kim Sung-Jae , Suh Jin-Ho
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a quadrotor system control scheme using an intelligent–proportional–integral–differential control (I-PID)-based controller augmented with a radial basis neural network (RBF neural network) and the proposed adaptive robust term. The I-PID controller, similar to the widely utilized PID controller in quadrotor systems, demonstrates notable robustness. To enhance this robustness further, the time-delay estimation error was compensated with an RBF neural network. Additionally, an adaptive robust term was proposed to address the shortcomings of the neural network system, thereby constructing a more robust controller. This supplementary control input integrated an adaptation term to address significant signal changes and was amalgamated with a reverse saturation filter to remove unnecessary control input during a steady state. The adaptive law of the proposed controller was designed based on Lyapunov stability to satisfy control system stability. To verify the control system, simulations were conducted on a quadrotor system maneuvering along a spiral path in a disturbed environment. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves high tracking performance across all six axes. Therefore, the controller proposed in this paper can be configured similarly to the previous PID controller and shows satisfactory performance.
School Health Education and Teachers’ Preservice Training: The Case of Greece
Authors: Soultatou Pelagia , Athanasiou Kyriacos
Published: May 2024

Background: School health education (SHE) serves as a primary pedagogical aspect of public health. This study aims to explore the curricula of preservice schoolteachers, examining whether graduate courses in Greek universities include SHE, how it is structured, and whether critical pedagogy principles are integrated. Methods: A corpus of n = 21 documents was compiled, encompassing all educational departments in Greek higher education, including Departments of Early Childhood Education and Care (n = 3), Departments of Preschool Education (n = 9), and Departments of Primary Education (n = 9). Results: Content analysis revealed the presence of SHE in 11 out of 21 educational departments. Thematic analysis uncovered significant variability in the curricula, with greater emphasis placed on health-related topics rather than the methodologies and values of SHE. Critical pedagogy principles were not explicitly evident in the curricula, while a persistent biomedical orientation left little room for the development of concepts related to social justice. Conclusions: This study represents the first of its kind in Greece and among the few internationally to examine preservice training for schoolteachers in SHE. The findings underscore the need for revisions to align with the key lessons learned from the major public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is imperative to acknowledge that vulnerabilities have been exacerbated, and inequalities widened, necessitating a reassessment of current approaches to health education within teacher training programs.
Enhanced Vascular Bifurcations Mapping: Refining Fundus Image Registration
Authors: Ochoa-Astorga Jesús Eduardo , Wang Linni , Du Weiwei , Peng Yahui
Published: May 2024

Fundus image registration plays a crucial role in the clinical evaluation of ocular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration, necessitating meticulous monitoring. The alignment of multiple fundus images enables the longitudinal analysis of patient progression, widening the visual scope, or augmenting resolution for detailed examinations. Currently, prevalent methodologies rely on feature-based approaches for fundus registration. However, certain methods exhibit high feature point density, posing challenges in matching due to point similarity. This study introduces a novel fundus image registration technique integrating U-Net for the extraction of feature points employing Fundus Image Vessel Segmentation (FIVES) dataset for its training and evaluation, a novel and large dataset for blood vessels segmentation, prioritizing point distribution over abundance. Subsequently, the method employs medial axis transform and pattern detection to obtain feature points characterized by the Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK) descriptor, facilitating matching for transformation matrix computation. Assessment of the vessel segmentation achieves 0.7559 for Intersection Over Union (IoU), while evaluation on the Fundus Image Registration Dataset (FIRE) demonstrates the method’s comparative performance against existing methods, yielding a registration error of 0.596 for area under the curve, refining similar earlier methods and suggesting promising performance comparable to prior methodologies.
Multi-Channel Audio Completion Algorithm Based on Tensor Nuclear Norm
Authors: Zhu Lin , Yang Lidong , Guo Yong , Niu Dawei , Zhang Dandan
Published: May 2024

Multi-channel audio signals provide a better auditory sensation to the audience. However, missing data may occur in the collection, transmission, compression, or other processes of audio signals, resulting in audio quality degradation and affecting the auditory experience. As a result, the completeness of the audio signal has become a popular research topic in the field of signal processing. In this paper, the tensor nuclear norm is introduced into the audio signal completion algorithm, and the multi-channel audio signals with missing data are restored by using the completion algorithm based on the tensor nuclear norm. First of all, the multi-channel audio signals are preprocessed and are then transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain. Afterwards, the multi-channel audio with missing data is modeled to construct a third-order multi-channel audio tensor. In the next part, the tensor completion algorithm is used to complete the third-order tensor. The optimal solution of the convex optimization model of the tensor completion is obtained by using the convex relaxation technique and, ultimately, the data recovery of the multi-channel audio with data loss is accomplished. The experimental results of the tensor completion algorithm and the traditional matrix completion algorithm are compared using both objective and subjective indicators. The final result shows that the high-order tensor completion algorithm has a better completion ability and can restore the audio signal better.
The Influence of Confined Space Size on the Temperature Distribution Characteristics of Internal Window Plume from Well-Ventilated Compartment Fires
Authors: Dong Qiwei , Li Yanfeng , Li Junmei , Xie Fei , Xu Desheng , Su Zhihe
Published: May 2024

In this research, the influence of confined space size on the temperature distribution characteristics of internal window plumes from well-ventilated compartment fires was studied. Theoretical analysis was firstly used to establish a mathematical model for the smoke after ejecting from the window in the space. The study considered fire heat release rate and vertical height as dependent variables. Numerical simulations and experimental methods were carried out to study the temperature variations. A critical distance L2 was obtained. Results show that when the space D between the vertical retaining wall and the building façade is greater than L2, the variation of D has little influence on radial temperature. Once D is less than L2, the radial temperature distribution inside the confined space will tend to be consistent, and the temperature in the confined space sharply increases as D decreases. In addition, a dimensionless model was derived to quantify the relationship between temperature rise and vertical height. The experimental and numerical simulation results were processed, which are in good agreement with the model. The study can provide a framework for managing building safety.
Fabrication of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Dibutyl Phthalates in Food Matrices
Authors: Li Lina , Lu Yunzhu , Wang Chengtao , Cheng Lei
Published: May 2024

In this study, a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric material (Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160) with a metal-organic backbone (Fe3O4@MOF) carrier was prepared using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a template. The material can be used for the efficient, rapid, and selective extraction of trace amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in food and can detect them via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The synthesis conditions of the materials were optimized to prepare the Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 with the highest adsorption performance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), Vibration Sample Magnetic (VSM), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method were used to characterize the materials. Compared with Fe3O4@MOF and the magnetic non-imprinted polymeric material (Fe3O4@MOF@NIP), Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160 possesses the advantages of easy and rapid manipulation of magnetic materials, the advantages of high specific surface area and the stability of metal–organic frameworks, and the advantages of high selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers. Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160 has good recognition and adsorption capacity for di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): the adsorption capacity for DBP and DEHP is 260 mg·g−1 and 240.2 mg·g−1, and the adsorption rate is fast (reaching equilibrium in about 20 min). Additionally, Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 could be recycled six times, making it cost-effective, easy to operate, and time-saving as compared to traditional solid-phase extraction materials. The phthalate ester content in drinking water, fruit juice, and white wine was analyzed, with recoveries ranging from 70.3% to 100.7%. This proved that Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 was suitable for detecting and removing PAEs from food matrices.
On the Controllability of Coupled Nonlocal Partial Integrodifferential Equations Using Fractional Power Operators
Authors: Litimein Hamida , Huang Zhen-You , Ouahab Abdelghani , Stamova Ivanka , Souid Mohammed Said
Published: May 2024

In this research paper, we investigate the controllability in the α-norm of a coupled system of integrodifferential equations with state-dependent nonlocal conditions in generalized Banach spaces. We establish sufficient conditions for the system’s controllability using resolvent operator theory introduced by Grimmer, fractional power operators, and fixed-point theorems associated with generalized measures of noncompactness for condensing operators in vector Banach spaces. Finally, we present an application example to validate the proposed methodology in this research.
Dynamic Analysis and Field-Programmable Gate Array Implementation of a 5D Fractional-Order Memristive Hyperchaotic System with Multiple Coexisting Attractors
Authors: Yu Fei , Zhang Wuxiong , Xiao Xiaoli , Yao Wei , Cai Shuo , Zhang Jin , Wang Chunhua , Li Yi
Published: May 2024

On the basis of the chaotic system proposed by Wang et al. in 2023, this paper constructs a 5D fractional-order memristive hyperchaotic system (FOMHS) with multiple coexisting attractors through coupling of magnetic control memristors and dimension expansion. Firstly, the divergence, Kaplan–Yorke dimension, and equilibrium stability of the chaotic model are studied. Subsequently, we explore the construction of the 5D FOMHS, introducing the definitions of the Caputo differential operator and the Riemann–Liouville integral operator and employing the Adomian resolving approach to decompose the linears, the nonlinears, and the constants of the system. The complex dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed by phase diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, time-domain diagrams, etc. Finally, the hardware circuit of the proposed 5D FOMHS is performed by FPGA, and its randomness is verified using the NIST tool.