bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De documentaire als ‘merit good’ op de publieke omroep
Authors: Livémont Eline , Donders Karen , Pauwels Caroline
Published: July 2021

Samenvatting

Publieke omroepen vinden het niet altijd vanzelfsprekend om veel zendtijd en/of
budget in ‘merit goods’, zoals de documentaire, te investeren. Ze zijn ontegensprekelijk
belangrijk, maar zelden publiekstrekkers. We onderzochten of de documentaire een
belangrijke plaats inneemt in de programmerings- en investeringsstrategieën van de VRT.
Hieruit blijkt dat VRT’s beleid inzake documentaireproductie en -distributie eerder
geïnspireerd is door de economische eigenschappen van het genre.
Nieuwjaarsvoornemen van een etnograaf: methodologisch fit zijn
Authors: Koster Luzan
Published: July 2021

In 2018 breekt de laatste fase van mijn etnografische studie en promotietraject aan: ik ga papers indienen en dan, als ik geluk heb, volgt het publicatieproces van Revise & Resubmits. Naast een nieuw inzicht in het bestudeerde fenomeen is de basiseis voor een publicatie dat je inzichtelijk maakt hoe je vanuit de empirie tot dat inzicht bent gekomen (Langley & Abdallah, 2011). Het is dus essentieel om methodologisch fit te zijn: wat is de beste methode om aan te tonen hoe ik het inzicht heb verworven dat ik in mijn paper presenteer?
Diepgang in interviews: twee tips
Authors: van Loon Esther
Published: July 2021

Stel, je hebt een belangrijk interview voor de boeg met iemand die je nog niet kent. Je merkt al snel dat het gesprek soepel loopt. Je voelt je betrokken bij het verhaal van de ander, zit op het puntje van je stoel. Het gesprek krijgt veel diepgang.
Aan de slag met narratieve, conversatie- en discoursanalyse
Authors: Ceuterick Melissa
Published: July 2021

Katherine Bischoping & Amber Gazso, Analyzing talk in the social sciences: Narrative, conversation & discourse strategies, Sage: London, 2016, 240 pp., ISBN 978-1-4462-7248-0, € 84,65.
Wat wil het geval
Authors: Gosse Jansma Lammert
Published: July 2021

Gary Thomas, How to do your case study (2nd ed.), Los Angeles etc.: Sage, 2016, 288 pp., ISBN 978-1-4462-8265-6 (pbk), € 34,42.
Interviewen: niet de techniek, maar de relatie centraal!
Authors: van Lieshout Famke
Published: July 2021

Alan Morris, A practical introduction to in-depth interviewing, Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2015, 160 pp., ISBN 978-1-4462-8763-7, € 29,75 (pbk).
Spotlight op participatief actieonderzoek in het hbo
Authors: Ikink Jaap , Migchelbrink Ferdie
Published: July 2021

Participatief actieonderzoek (PAO) is gericht op het tot stand brengen van concrete veranderingen en verbetering in beroepspraktijken en combineert verandering, het ontwikkelen van kennis óver die verandering en persoonlijke en collectieve leerprocessen. Deze specifieke insteek van praktijkgericht onderzoek inspireert een groeiende groep onderzoekers, professionals en hbo-docenten. De verbondenheid van onderzoek en veranderen, de focus op participatie van de belanghebbenden in het onderzoek, en de impact van deze vorm van onderzoek zijn belangrijke motieven om voor PAO te kiezen.
Big Data en etnografie: nieuwe publieke intellectuelen
Authors: Beuving Joost
Published: July 2021

Reinoud Bosch en Roy Gigengack reiken beiden interessante gezichtspunten aan in reactie op mijn vraag naar de naturalistische kennisaanspraken van BD en de consequenties voor kwalitatief onderzoek/etnografie. Bosch omarmt, net als ikzelf, een meer filosofisch-pragmatisch perspectief waarin BD en etnografie prima naast elkaar kunnen bestaan. Daarbij is het vanzelfsprekend dat beide vanuit verschillende onderzoeksproblemen vertrekken: de statistische beschrijving van gedrag/sociale rollen versus het van binnenuit begrijpen daarvan. Zoals we betogen in ons boek (Beuving & De Vries, 2015), zijn beide nodig om samenlevingen te begrijpen: sociale feiten (Durkheim) en betekenissen (Thomas) zijn onderling afhankelijk. Het wederzijds afdwingen van een methodische benadering en conceptueel kader is dan uiteraard weinig vruchtbaar. De groeiende digitalisering van de samenleving verandert maar weinig aan de geldigheid van dat fundamentele sociaalwetenschappelijke principe, hoewel er wel praktische methodische consequenties zijn – een discussie die we eerder al weleens in KWALON voerden (bijv. Warmelink, Beuving & Wester, 2015).
Automatische inhoudsanalyse van Nederlandstalige data
Authors: Trilling Damian , Boumans Jelle
Published: July 2021

Samenvatting

Inhoudsanalyse is een van de meest gebruikte methoden in de communicatiewetenschap. Door de steeds betere beschikbaarheid van grote hoeveelheden digitale tekstdata groeit de vraag naar geautomatiseerde methoden. We laten zien welke technieken er zijn, in hoeverre ze al zijn toegepast op Nederlandstalige teksten, en welke taalspecifieke uitdagingen er zijn.
Redactioneel
Authors: Fransen Marieke , Joye Stijn
Published: July 2021

Het jaarlijkse Etmaal van de Communicatiewetenschap deed in 2018 voor een tweede maal in haar geschiedenis Gent aan. Onder het goedkeurende oog van The Netherlands and Flanders Communication Association (NeFCA), was de vakgroep Communicatiewetenschappen van de Universiteit Gent een trotse gastheer voor de twintigste editie van de jaarlijkse academische hoogmis van Vlaamse en Nederlandse communicatiewetenschappers. Ruim 320 aanwezigen werden enthousiast onthaald in de prestigieuze Aula Academica, bijna tweehonderd jaar lang een neoclassicistisch baken van kennis en wijsheid in de Gentse binnenstad en gedurende twee winterse dagen in februari 2018 de warme intellectuele habitat voor de gemeenschap van communicatiewetenschappers uit de Lage Landen.
Waarderend onderzoek – een andere manier om kwaliteit te verbeelden
Authors: Vegter Gerdien , Vonk Frank
Published: July 2021

Appreciative inquiry – an alternative way to represent quality

Internal audits in education and research are means to detect possible risks and to judge their quality based on a number of quality standards. Up to now this has been a successful way to evaluate education and research. However, being accreditable or not seems to be not how educational programmes or research units handle possible risks (from hindsight). Instead, they focus on the ambitions, successes and the impact on stakeholders in professional practices, education and research. Gerdien Vegter and Frank Vonk opt for reframing quality standards in terms of ambition, stakeholder satisfaction, learning and growing, mirroring different approaches, real dialogue, and collective and individual values. In her reaction Stoopendaal agrees that appreciation, stimulation, critical reflection and dialoguing may provide a way out of the dominating regime of quantitative quality assessments in the public sector.
Leren van wat goed gaat
Authors: Stoopendaal Annemiek
Published: July 2021

Juist in de tijd dat de ‘toetscultuur’ in het onderwijs publiekelijk kritisch wordt beschouwd (NRC Handelsblad 19 januari 2019, p. 2-3 en 22-24) en de Onderwijsraad het veld adviseert om op zoek te gaan naar andere, meer formatieve en kwalitatieve manieren van toetsen (Onderwijsraad, 2018), wordt ons langzaamaan duidelijk dat mensen niet zoveel leren van toetsen. Toetsen voor een cijfer maakt het leren oppervlakkig en docenten en leerlingen ‘toetsmoe’. In deze context zoeken de auteurs Vegter en Vonk naar een andere manier om kwaliteit die in het onderwijs geleverd wordt te verbeelden. In hun essayistische artikel lees ik een voor mij bekende zoektocht. Hun werk is niet alleen te generaliseren naar andere sectoren in de publieke sector, maar naar alle terreinen waar we willen dat er geleerd wordt. De auteurs zoeken naar manieren om de kwaliteit van publieke dienstverlening enerzijds grijpbaar of zichtbaar te maken en anderzijds te beïnvloeden. De publieke dienstverlening waar zij zich op richten, is het onderwijs. Zij geven aan dat onderwijs een grillig, complex, gesitueerd en vaak niet voorspelbaar proces is. Pogingen om dit proces grijpbaar te maken waren in het verleden vooral gericht op een reductie van deze complexiteit.
Hermeneutiek en kwalitatief onderzoek: historische wortels en eigentijdse relevantie
Authors: Smaling Adri
Published: July 2021

Hermeneutics and qualitative research: historical roots and contemporary relevance

Some ideas from the hermeneutic philosophers Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm Dilthey, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur, the hermeneutic sociologist and philosopher of science Max Weber are discussed insofar as their ideas have influenced and are still relevant to qualitative methodology. Remarkably, hermeneutics and phenomenology are nowadays fruitfully combined within qualitative inquiry.
Veldwerk op je iPad: de meerwaarde van online onderzoek
Authors: van den Broek Jeroen
Published: July 2021

Digital fieldwork: the benefit of online research

It is important to consider social media as a serious and useful source for anthropological research. The use of online resources offers practical advantages, such as the ease with which data can be collected and stored, and the fact that the researcher can enter the online lives of respondents anonymously and unseen. Because performances on social media give particular insight into how users want to be seen, the question arises as to the extent to which we should consider these statements as a serious source of research. However, knowledge of the fact that users want to profile themselves in a certain way is valuable in itself. The fact that the virtual ‘street’ has become a reality in itself even makes online research indispensable.
Uitdagingen in het opzetten en het uitvoeren van interviews met niet-Belgische gedetineerden
Authors: Croux Flore , Brosens Dorien , Vandevelde Stijn , De Donder Liesbeth , Claes Bart
Published: July 2021

Challenges in setting up and conducting interviews with non-Belgian prisoners

In 2018, 44.6% of the prison population in Belgium consisted of prisoners with a non-Belgian nationality (n = 4.601). Despite their overrepresentation, little is known about this group of prisoners, because they are often excluded from research. Therefore, the FIP2 project (Foreigners’ Involvement and Participation in Prison) was initiated and focuses on non-Belgian prisoners and their formal and informal participation in prison life. Fifty-one interviews with non-Belgian prisoners were conducted in four prisons. During these interviews, we experienced several challenges, which included various difficulties. In this article, we describe, analyze and reflect on the most important challenges in setting up and conducting interviews with non-Belgian prisoners: (1) how we can reach non-Belgian prisoners; (2) interviewing in a foreign language for the researcher/respondent; (3) the presence of an interpreter in individual interviews; (4) the use of Appreciative Inquiry in a less appreciative context; (5) objective researchers versus emotionally jarring conversations; and (6) ‘white’ female researchers and male non-Belgian prisoners. We do not have miracle solutions about how to deal with these challenges. Nevertheless, we do have some recommendations that we would like to give to other researchers and professionals about engaging in interviews or conversations with this ‘forgotten’ group of prisoners.
Berichten uit de commerciële hoek
Authors: van Fessem Ad
Published: July 2021

Deze rubriek richt zich op (niet alleen jonge) onderzoekers. Simpel en kort: hoe was het ook weer? Over principes of procedures in kwalitatief onderzoek.
Publiceren van Nederlandstalig kwalitatief onderzoek in een tijdperk van digitale globalisering
Authors: de Boer Fijgje
Published: July 2021

In een tijd dat het studenten Nederlands verboden of afgeraden wordt om in hun moedertaal over hun vak te schrijven, is het een klein mirakel dat we als KWALON-redactie erin slagen driemaal per jaar uit te komen met Nederlandstalige artikelen. Als redacteuren ervaren we de druk tot ‘verengelsing’ voortdurend, want voor veel auteurs ‘loont’ een bijdrage in KWALON niet. Voor dergelijke teksten ontvang je geen punten in het universitaire digitale boekhoudsysteem, dat zicht biedt op de productiviteit van een universiteit. Met het publiceren van een Engelstalige tekst scoor je niet alleen in eigen land, maar ook daarbuiten. De ‘verengelsing’ van het universitaire systeem lijkt deel uit te maken van een globaliseringsproces, waarnaar niet enkel universiteiten in Nederland zich schikken, maar ook universiteiten elders in Europa of andere werelddelen. En ook de jeugd van tegenwoordig lijkt zich daarnaar te plooien, wat onder andere zichtbaar werd in de vele Engelstalige slogans die tijdens klimaatdemonstraties werden meegedragen. Het roept de vraag op of het zinvol is om door te gaan met een Nederlandstalig tijdschrift dat zich beperkt tot een Nederlandstalig publiek en gespecialiseerd is in discussie en reactie rond kwalitatief onderzoek. Informatie over kwalitatief onderzoek is immers ook toegankelijk via vele Engelstalige tijdschriften.
Het zakenevenement als veldwerkplek?De auteur bedankt Tessel Jonquière, Geert de Vries en Fred Wester voor commentaar op dit essay. De eerste aanzetten ervoor kwamen tot stand tijdens de colleges kwalitatieve methodologie die de auteur doceert aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.
Authors: Beuving Joost
Published: July 2021

Business event as fieldwork site?

A major methodological problem in the ethnographic study of international business elites is to make visible the social relations they draw and depend on. Business elites constitute a highly mobile social category and they mediate a growing portion of everyday social interaction via online, digital means. They are elusive, therefore, and that compromises the possibility of making direct observations of their social practices, which erodes the scope to ethnographically study this important group in the world economy. The essay shows how fieldwork on business events, such as conferences, expositions, and trade fairs, can help to overcome this problem. Such events constitute focal points and moments of crystallization in globally operating social networks, making visible a part of the international business ‘theatre’ that normally lags hidden. By presenting excerpts from recent fieldwork carried out in Belgium, Greece and the Netherlands, I give an impression of observables in this theatre, aiming especially at fostering an awareness of social behavior ‘backstage’ with a view to formulating further questions. The essay concludes with a plea to include business events as ‘field schools’ in study programs looking at international business elites, such as business schools and/or business economics.
‘Wat de man doet, kan de vrouw ook’
Authors: Smit Sanne , Daalmans Serena
Published: July 2021

‘Wat mannen doen, kunnen vrouwen net zo goed’. Een kwalitatief interviewonderzoek naar de rol van genderstereotypering in de media speelt bij de perceptie en creatie van gender door late adolescenten

Late adolescenten zijn grote consumenten van mediainhoud, waarin mannen en vrouwen over het algemeen op een stereotiepe manier worden afgebeeld. Eerder onderzoek was tot nu toe onduidelijk over hoe deze adolescenten betekenis geven aan deze beelden, en hoe ze hun perceptie beïnvloeden, evenals de creatie van geslacht. In deze interviewstudie ontdekten we dat late adolescenten aanzienlijk progressiever zijn dan de mediabeelden die ze consumeren, ze vinden dat genderafbeelding in de media onrealistisch, oneerlijk, ouderwets en beperkend is. Niettemin, in hun eigen creatie van gender op hun sociale mediaplatforms, verwoorden en creëren ze gender op een zeer stereotiepe manier. We kunnen daarom concluderen dat, hoewel ze stereotiepe genderafbeeldingen in ‘traditionele’ media misschien niet leuk vinden en afwijzen, ze deze ‘geïdealiseerde’ afbeeldingen zo hebben geïnternaliseerd dat ze ze in hun eigen geslachtscreatie op sociale media uitvoeren.
Waarom kwalitatief accountingonderzoek?
Authors: ter Bogt Henk
Published: July 2021

In deze rubriek laten redactieleden en lezers van KWALON hun licht schijnen over actuele ontwikkelingen binnen het kwalitatief onderzoek. Bijdragen kunnen worden aangeleverd bij Fred Wester: f.wester@maw.ru.nl.
‘Idiografisch’ of ‘ideografisch’?
Authors: Smaling Adri
Published: July 2021

Soms wordt het thema ‘kwantitatief versus kwalitatief onderzoek’ in verband gebracht met oude tegenstellingen. Ik denk aan een oppositie die voor het eerst is geopperd en uitgebreid besproken door Wilhelm Windelband (1894): nomothetische versus idiografische wetenschappen (benaderingen of methoden). ‘Nomos’ betekent ‘wet’. De nomothetische benadering is gericht op een wet of ruimer, op iets algemeens. Windelband (1848-1915) dacht aan de natuurwetenschappen. ‘Idios’ betekent ‘eigene’. De idiografische benadering is op het eigene of ook, op het bijzondere, unieke, particuliere van iets of iemand gericht. Windelband dacht vooral aan de geschiedeniswetenschappen. Overigens was hij van mening dat elk fenomeen vanuit beide perspectieven bestudeerd kan worden. Ze sluiten elkaar dus niet uit.
Meelopen met de regievoerders
Authors: Cleton Laura
Published: July 2021

‘Going along’ with caseworkers? About negotiating boundaries between participating in and observing undocumented migrants’ return trajectories in the Netherlands

This paper deals with reflections on conducting participant observation among a group of migration officials in the Netherlands who are in charge of ensuring the voluntary and forced departure of undocumented migrants. In particular, I discuss the many difficulties associated with the ethnographer’s dual role of becoming both an insider, while still remaining a critical outsider. The essay first of all touches upon issues of how to (if at all) gain a value-free outlook of the lifeworld of highly politicized officials, especially if they seem to hold ideologies contradictory to your own. At the same time, the paper discusses the dangers of becoming an insider, particularly if this means losing sight of one’s critical viewpoint. I discuss some contentious moments during my fieldwork and analysis of data, which almost led me to going native. The paper argues for the importance of detachment from your informants and ends with some suggestions on how to deal with the aforementioned issues
Aantekeningen bij de discussie over bewijs in etnografisch onderzoek
Authors: Wester Fred
Published: July 2021

Joost Beuving heeft een uitgebreide analyse gegeven van centrale problemen in de etnografie. Waarop berust etnografische autoriteit eigenlijk?
Nieuwe kennis maken, delen én implementeren
Authors: van der Zouwen Tonnie
Published: July 2021

Allereerst bedank ik de recensent Esther van Loon voor haar positieve bevinding dat het boek helpt om een weg te vinden in actieonderzoek doen. Daar is het ook voor bedoeld. Op een paar punten zou ik graag wat willen aanvullen of verschil ik van mening.
Over populaire methoden in kwalitatief onderzoek naar gezondheid(szorg)
Authors: Evers Jeanine , van Liempt Ilse
Published: July 2021

On popular methods used in qualitative research into health and care; trends in the 25 years of the KWALON journal

This introduction summarizes the different articles in the current issue of KWALON and describes variations in qualitative methods reported in health research discussed in KWALON over the last 25 years.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Verhoeven Joost
Published: July 2021

In zijn nieuwste boek deelt Frank Peters inzichten die hij in zijn lange carrière als adviseur op het gebied van communicatie-, merk- en reputatiemanagement heeft opgedaan. De flaptekst belooft 46 praktische lessen waar je direct mee aan de slag kunt. Het boek is georganiseerd als een verzameling korte essays die snel en toegankelijk bepaalde inzichten behandelen. De essays zijn veelal gebaseerd op modellen uit de wereld van branding, en communicatie, maar even vaak put Peters uit zijn eigen ervaring. Hier en daar haalt hij zijn inspiratie verder van huis, uit de filosofie of de psychologie. Toch zijn deze keuzes logisch en zijn ze niet ‘gezocht’.
Waarom doen we niet vaker onderzoek aan de hand van mediamateriaal?
Authors: Wester Fred
Published: July 2021

Studying societal trends through analyzing media content

Digital media, social media and public media reflect many aspects of our everyday life and of social and cultural developments in our societies. However, one finds relatively few studies based on media data to describe and analyze these developments. This paper is an appeal and helping hand for those who hesitate and wonder how to design and conduct such media studies.
Meer van hetzelfde? Content sharing bij Vlaamse DPG Media-kranten
Authors: Hendrickx Jonathan , Zara Chokor , Ranaivoson Heritiana
Published: July 2021

Content sharing at DPG Media’s Flemish newspaper brands

Belgium’s Dutch-speaking region Flanders has seen a wave of mergers & acquisitions (M&As) in recent years, leading to, according to the government-owned media watchdog, a highly concentrated Flemish media market (). The latest newly founded company is DPG Media, in which the majority of all commercially owned major Flemish news outlets has seen its newsrooms merged into the same Antwerp-based building in early 2020. In this paper, we assess content homogeneity between the print and online versions of the two main newspapers of DPG Media by coding and analysing a sample of articles from 2018, 2019 and 2020. Results reveal only limited increases in shared content for the time being. Through distinguishing betweeninternaland external media concentration, the study serves as a steppingstone towards further content analysis research, in Flanders and beyond.
Vivid analysis of Cloud Computing along with its security issues and challenges
Authors:   SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana., Ravalia Varun , Sehrawat Neha ,   SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana.
Published: July 2021

In the modern era, technologies are being used by everyone.” Cloud” refers to a collaborative expression for boundless advancements and progression. Cloud computing is a disruptive technology for providing on-demand access to data and applications from anywhere at any time in the world. Cloud computing incorporates various available innovations and technologies like virtualization, bandwidth networks, Web 2.0, browser interfaces, and time-sharing. Cloud computing enables us to share the resources like storage, applications, services, and networks without physically obtaining them. The data is stored in the databases on the servers and users/clients need to request access by sending the request to these servers. This paper includes the various details of cloud technology, its characteristics, its models alongside the challenges and problems faced in cloud computing. Here the focus is on the theoretical explanation of the cloud, models of the cloud, and the problems in the security and confrontation faced during the exertion of the cloud technology.
Preparation of hydrogel calcium-alginate microparticles via microfluidic device for Cu2+ treatment
Authors: Dang Cu Trung , Le Phuong , Hoang Hong , Mac Mai , Tran Vu , Ta Duc , Dang Dung
Published: July 2021

Alginate-based hydrogels are attracted much attention in biomedical and chemical field, and their size and shape are significant to their applications like drug delivery and cell encapsulation. Monodisperse sodium alginate microdroplets are produced using a flow-focusing microfluidic device (MFFD) by adjusting the flow rate on the continuous phase (soybean oil) and the dispersed phase (sodium alginate solution). The external gelation process of sodium alginate microdroplets occurs outside the chanel in a calcium chloride solution to form calcium alginate hydrogel particales. The shape, size and size distribution of these calcium alginate hydrogel particles depend strongly on the flow rate inside the MFFD. By optimizing the parameters, the hydrogel microparticles were obtained with diameters ranging from 70 µm to 100 µm with size distribution under 10%, depending on experimental conditions. The removal of Cu2+ ions by the absorption of hydrogel microparticles was also demonstrated.
Preparation of zero valent iron nanomaterial via microfluidic device for Cr (VI) ion treatment
Authors: Dang Dung , Dang Cu , Nguyen Le , Luu Hoan , Le Hang , Nguyen Truong , Nguyen Huyen , Nguyen Thu , La Duong
Published: July 2021

In this study, iron nanomaterial was synthesized by a reaction between FeCl3 and NaBH4 using microfluidic device as a microreactor which is prepared by photolithography and soft molding processes. Morphology and structure of the as-prepared nanomaterial was characterized by scanning microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis methods. The collected product is zero valent iron material with the morphology is nano-sheet with the thickness is approximatly 50 nm. Hexavalent chromium ion from K2Cr2O7 solution could be removed by the as-prepared iron nanomaterial. The removal of ions Cr(VI) is determined and confirmed by the visible ultraviolet (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy which is proportional to the amount of nanomaterial used and is influenced by pH conditions.
Antibacterial, Compositional and Physicochemical Properties of Guizotia Scabra
(Vis.) Chiov. Seed Oil Found on Jos-Plateau-Nigeria
Authors: N. N.* Gambo , S. J. Ibejekwe, , S. D. Ayuba
Published: July 2021

The oil extract of G. scabra seeds was analyzed for its antibacterial, chemical and physical properties. Physical and chemical properties analyzed included moisture content (0.91%), acid value (13.65%), iodine value (132.27), peroxide value (18.58), saponification value (191.03), free fatty acids (6.86%) and density (0.87g/cm3). The oil was found to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC) and Salmonella typhi (ST) at an MIC of 50%. However, there was no effect on Shigella sonnei (SS). The fatty acid composition of the extracted oil was revealed using the Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. A total of 18 components of the oil were identified. Oleic acid (27.07%), 10- undecenoic acid (19.99%), palmitic acid (10.56%) and stearic acid (6.22%) were detected as the dominant fatty acids in the G. scabra seed oil.
The Puritans in Early American Society and the Premises of Religious
Fundamentalism
Authors: Sene Birane
Published: July 2021

Puritanism is historically a form of Protestantism, resulting from the movement of John Calvin affirmed in England, from the 1560s in reaction against official Anglicanism considered too close to idolatry. Puritans will leave England where they were persecuted and settle in the East of the United States later known as New England. This puritan community will serve as a model of a Protestant state based on religious principles. The rigor of the Calvinist doctrine determined social relations and guided the destiny of handpicked people for their moral rectitude. The principles that governed this Puritan society were already laying the foundations for a theocracy whose imprints are still visible in today’s American society. The puritans were pretending to be the light that should shine above the world and enlighten it with its values, and on this basis, they excluded any relationship of equality with others. Despite this theocratic ideal, the Protestant identity will gradually fade in favor of a secular state with a religious diversity and pluralism.
Classification of Construction Waste Generation Attributes in Project Life Cycle
Authors: Ali Shahzad , Memon Aftab Hameed , Ali Tauha Hussain
Published: July 2021

Waste generation is a major issue faced by construction projects. Construction waste has adverse effects the time, cost, productivity and economy of the industry. There are different causes of waste generation in different countries of the world. An extensive literature was carried out to identify the common factors of construction waste generation which resulted in identifying 59 common attributes. Through structured interview data was collected to classify the attributes on different stages of construction project lifecycle. A total of 15 experienced practitioners were interviewed classify the attributes into different stages of project life i.e. planning, design, construction and finishing. Frequency analysis of the perception of the practitioners showed that there are 25 attributes in planning stage, 9 in design stage, 53 in construction stage and 5 in finishing stage. From the findings it can be seen that construction stage is the critical stage in which 53 attributes are occurring. This study shows that the practitioners need to be very careful during construction phase for controlling construction waste generation.
MARKET UPDATE IN POST-SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Eurasian National University by name Gumilyev, Mami Anar
Published: July 2021

The article examines the results of market reforms in Kazakhstan in the post-Soviet period, comparing the past and present. For 30 years, the market economy has decided only some of the most pressing issues of the economy. The full transition to private ownership, which began in the 1990s, is already in its infancy. To get out of the current crisis in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to change the direction of economic development. The state must take responsibility for these changes. The result in the country should be a model of mixed economy, offering different forms of ownership. At the same time, the state must control the spheres that facilitate the lives of people and play a key role in the security of the country.
THE SYSTEM OF SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE HERITAGE OF ZH. MOLDABEKOV
Authors:   PhD. Associate Professor. University of International Business, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Shashaeva G. K.
Published: July 2021

Current article is devoted to scientific and pedagogical activity of professor, PhD Zh.Moldabekov. In his scientific work were discussed issues such as national innovations in improvement of Kazakhstani patriotism. Professor Zh. Moldabekov made a huge contribution to the education of young people, combining scientific activities with teaching activities. Also, the works of a prominent scientist on the development of a methodological basis for humanities education were widely used in the disclosure of this article.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SACRED AND HISTORICAL SITES IN KAZAKH-KYRGYZ RELATIONS
Authors:   Institute of History and Ethnology Ch.Ch. Valikhanova, Almaty s., Kazakhstan, Bozdakova Sh.A.
Published: July 2021

The article describes the Kazakh-Kyrgyz historical and cultural ties of the Kegen region with neighboring Kyrgyzstan using oral historical materials. Oral data represent valuable additional materials about the Kazakh-Dzhungar war, the reasons for the uprising of the Kazakhs and Kyrgyz against tsarism in 1916, to the famous epic of Manas, Chokan Valikhanov's visit to Issyk-Kul. Oral historical data for the first time introduced scientific circulation.
Preparation of Cancer Nosodes from specific cancer tissues
Authors: Shah Rajesh , Talele Gitanjali
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Nosodes are ultra-dilute preparations made from diseased tissues or organisms used in homeopathy since 1830, more frequently used since 1880. Carcinosin is a commonly used nosode prepared from cancer tissues in the last part of the nineteenth century, of which the exact information is not known. Scientific information on histopathological characterization of the source material of Carcinosin made over 130 years ago is not available. The current therapeutic indications of Carcinosin have been largely empirical and clinically derived. In such a scenario, understanding the paramount importance of the cancer nosode, itâ€™s revamping in the light of current scientific knowledge has been identified by the author.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specific cancerous tissue samples were sourced for nosode preparation. Identified pieces of tissue were histopathologically diagnosed, thoroughly washed, quantified and triturated with powder of Saccharum lactis to prepare decimal potencies, as per standard method suggested in the Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India. Centesimal potencies were prepared using electromechanical potentizer, documenting the force parameters.

RESULT

The Cancer Nosodes from specific cancer tissues were prepared in a systematic manner, which could be used for research as well as in clinical practice.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The author has attempted scientific preparation of new cancer nosodes making them available to the profession. On similar lines, more of cancer tissues could be explored for making other nosodes.
Characterization of primary and aged wood burning and coal combustion organic aerosols in an environmental chamber and its implications for atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Yazdani Amir , Dudani Nikunj , Takahama Satoshi , Bertrand Amelie , Prévôt André S. H. , El Haddad Imad , Dillner Ann M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) affects visibility, climate, and public health. Organic matter (OM), a uniquely complex portion of PM, can make up more than half of total atmospheric fine PM mass. We investigated the effect of aging on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentration and composition for wood burning (WB) and coal combustion (CC) emissions, two major atmospheric OM sources, using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS). For this purpose, primary emissions were injected into an environmental chamber and aged using hydroxyl (diurnal aging) and nitrate (nocturnal aging) radicals to reach an atmospherically relevant oxidative age. A time-of-flight AMS instrument was used to measure the high-time-resolution composition of non-refractory fine PM, while fine PM was collected on PTFE filters before and after aging for MIR analysis. AMS and MIR spectroscopy indicate an approximately 3-fold enhancement of organic aerosol (OA) concentration after aging (not wall-loss corrected). The OM:OC ratios also agree closely between the two methods and increase, on average, from 1.6 before aging to 2 during the course of aging. MIR spectroscopy, which is able to differentiate among oxygenated groups, shows a distinct functional group composition for aged WB (high abundance of carboxylic acids) and CC OA (high abundance of non-acid carbonyls) and detects aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in emissions of both sources. The MIR spectra of fresh WB and CC aerosols are reminiscent of their parent compounds with differences in specific oxygenated functional groups after aging, consistent with expected oxidation pathways for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of each emission source. The AMS mass spectra also show variations due to source and aging that are consistent with the MIR functional group (FG) analysis. Finally, a comparison of the MIR spectra of aged chamber WB OA with that of ambient samples affected by residential wood burning and wildfires reveals similarities regarding the high abundance of organics, especially acids, and the visible signatures of lignin and levoglucosan. This finding is beneficial for the source identification of atmospheric aerosols and interpretation of their complex MIR spectra.
Manifestations and environmental implications of microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) by the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum flosaquae
Authors: Abdel-Basset Refat , Hasssan Elhagag Ahmed , Grossart Hans-Peter
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The aim of this work is to explore the ability and magnitude of the temperate cyanobacterium Dolichospermum flosaquae in microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). Environmentally, MICP controls the availability of calcium, carbon and phosphorus in freshwater lakes and simultaneously controls carbon exchange with the atmosphere. Cultures of flosaquae were grown in BG11 medium containing 0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 4 mg Ca2+ L−1, as cardinal concentrations previously reported in freshwater lakes, in addition to a control culture (BG11 containing 13 mg Ca2+ L−1). Growth (cell number, chlorophyll a, and protein content) of D. flosaquae was generally reduced by elevating calcium concentrations of the different salts used (chloride, acetate, or citrate). D. flosaquae exhibited its ability to perform MICP as carbonate alkalinity was sharply increased up to its highest level (six times that of the control) at a citrate concentration of 4 mg Ca2+ L−1. Calcium carbonate was formed at a pre-precipitation stage as the minimum pH necessary for precipitation (8.7) has been scarcely approached under such conditions. In this work, MICP took place mostly empowered by photosynthesis and respiration. Residual calcium exhibited its lowest value at 4 mg Ca2+ citrate L−1, coinciding with the highest alkalinity level. Precipitated calcium was increased with chlorophyll a content, but not with increasing cell numbers.
Median bed-material sediment particle size across rivers in the contiguous U.S.
Authors: Abeshu Guta Wakbulcho , Li Hong-Yi , Zhu Zhenduo , Tan Zeli , Leung L. Ruby
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Bed-material sediment particle size data, particularly for the median sediment particle size (D50), are critical for understanding and modeling riverine sediment transport. However, sediment particle size observations are primarily available at individual sites. Large-scale modeling and assessment of riverine sediment transport are limited by the lack of continuous regional maps of bed-material sediment particle size. We hence present a map of D50 over the contiguous U.S. in a vector format that corresponds to millions of river segments (i.e., flowlines) in the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDplus) dataset. We develop the map in four steps: 1) collect and process the observed D50 data from 2577 U.S. Geological Survey stations or U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sampling locations; 2) collocate these data with the NHDplus flowlines based on their geographic locations, resulting in 1691 flowlines with collocated D50 values; 3) develop a predictive model using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning method based on the observed D50 data and the corresponding climate, hydrology, geology and other attributes retrieved from the NHDplus dataset; 4) estimate the D50 values for flowlines without observations using the XGBoost predictive model. We expect this map to be useful for various purposes such as research in large-scale river sediment transport using model- and data-driven approaches, teaching of environmental and earth system sciences, planning and managing floodplain zones, etc. The map is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921987 (Li et al., 2021).
Benefits of sea ice initialization for the interannual-to-decadal climate prediction skill in the Arctic in EC-Earth3
Authors: Tian Tian , Yang Shuting , Karami Mehdi Pasha , Massonnet François , Kruschke Tim , Koenigk Torben
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A substantial part of Arctic climate predictability at interannual timescales stems from the knowledge of the initial sea ice conditions. Among all sea ice properties, its volume, which is a product of sea ice concentration (SIC) and thickness (SIT), is the most responsive parameter to climate change. However, the majority of climate prediction systems are only assimilating the observed SIC due to lack of long-term reliable global observation of SIT. In this study, the EC-Earth3 Climate Prediction System with anomaly initialization to ocean, SIC and SIT states is developed. In order to evaluate the regional benefits of specific initialized variables, three sets of retrospective ensemble prediction experiments are performed with different initialization strategies: ocean only; ocean plus SIC; and ocean plus SIC and SIT initialization. In the Atlantic Arctic, the Greenland–Iceland–Norway (GIN) and Barents seas are the two most skilful regions in SIC prediction for up to 5–6 lead years with ocean initialization; there are re-emerging skills for SIC in the Barents and Kara seas in lead years 7–9 coinciding with improved skills of sea surface temperature (SST), reflecting the impact of SIC initialization on ocean–atmosphere interactions for interannual-to-decadal timescales. For the year 2–9 average, the region with significant skill for SIT is confined to the central Arctic Ocean, covered by multi-year sea ice (CAO-MYI). Winter preconditioning with SIT initialization increases the skill for September SIC in the eastern Arctic (e.g. Kara, Laptev and East Siberian seas) and in turn improve the skill of air surface temperature locally and further expanded over land. SIT initialization outperforms the other initialization methods in improving SIT prediction in the Pacific Arctic (e.g. East Siberian and Beaufort seas) in the first few lead years. Our results suggest that as the climate warming continues and the central Arctic Ocean might become seasonal ice free in the future, the controlling mechanism for decadal predictability may thus shift from sea ice volume to ocean-driven processes.
Interactive Aerosol Feedbacks on Photolysis Rates in the GEM-MACH v2.4 Air Quality Model in Canadian Urban and Industrial Areas
Authors: Majdzadeh Mahtab , Stroud Craig A. , Sioris Christopher , Makar Paul A. , Akingunola Ayodeji , McLinden Chris , Zhao Xiaoyi , Moran Michael D. , Abboud Ihab , Chen Jack
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The photolysis module in Environment and Climate Change Canada’s on-line chemical transport model GEM-MACH (GEM: Global Environmental Multi-scale – MACH: Modelling Air quality and Chemistry) was improved, to make use of the on-line size and composition-resolved representation of atmospheric aerosols and relative humidity in GEM-MACH, to account for aerosol attenuation of radiation in the photolysis calculation. We coupled both the GEM-MACH aerosol module and the MESSy-JVAL (Modular Earth Sub-Model System) photolysis module, through the use of the on-line aerosol modeled data and a new Mie lookup table for the model-generated extinction efficiency, absorption and scattering cross sections of each aerosol type. The new algorithm applies a lensing correction factor to the black carbon absorption efficiency (core-shell parameterization) and calculates the scattering and absorption optical depth and asymmetry factor of black carbon, sea-salt, dust, and other internally mixed components. We carried out a series of simulations with the improved version of MESSy-JVAL and wildfire emission inputs from the Canadian Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System (CFFEPS) for two months, compared the model aerosol optical depth (AOD) output to the previous version of MESSy-JVAL, satellite data, ground-based measurements and re-analysis products, and evaluated the effects of AOD calculations and the interactive aerosol feedback on the performance of the GEM-MACH model. The comparison of the improved version of MESSy-JVAL with the previous version showed significant improvements in the model performance with the implementation of the new photolysis module, and with adopting the online interactive aerosol concentrations in GEM-MACH. Incorporating these changes to the model resulted in an increase in the correlation coefficient from 0.17 to 0.37 between the GEM-MACH model AOD one-month hourly output and AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) measurements across all the North American sites. Comparisons of the updated model AOD with AERONET measurements for selected Canadian urban and industrial sites specifically, showed better correlation coefficients for urban AERONET sites, and for stations located further south in the domain for both simulation periods (June and January 2018). The predicted monthly averaged AOD using the improved photolysis module followed the spatial patterns of MERRA-2 re-analysis (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications – Version 2), with an overall under-prediction of AOD over the common domain for both seasons. Our study also suggests that the domain-wide impact of direct and indirect effect aerosol feedbacks on the photolysis rates from meteorological changes, are considerably greater (3 to 4 times) than the direct aerosol optical effect on the photolysis rate calculations.
Maximum Entropy Distribution of Rainfall Intensity and Duration – MEDRID: a method for precipitation temporal downscaling for sediment delivery assessment
Authors: Alencar Pedro Henrique Lima , Paton Eva Nora , de Araújo José Carlos
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Scarcity of precipitation data is yet a problem in erosion modelling, especially when working in remote and data scarce areas. While much effort was made to use remote sensing and reanalysis data, they are still considered to be not completely reliable, notably for sub-daily measures such as duration and intensity. A way forward are statistical analyses, which can help modellers to obtain sub-daily precipitation characteristics by using daily totals. In this paper, we propose a novel method (Maximum Entropy Distribution of Rainfall Intensity and Duration – MEDRID) to assess the duration and intensity of sub-daily rainfalls relevant for modelling of sediment delivery ratios. We use the generated data to improve the sediment yield assessment in seven catchments with area varying from 10−3 to 10+2 km2 and broad timespan of monitoring (1 to 81 years). The best probability density function derived from MEDRID to reproduce sub-daily duration is the generalised gamma distribution (NSE = 0.98), whereas for the rain intensity it is the uniform (NSE = 0.87). The MEDRID method coupled with the SYPoME model (Sediment Yield using the Principle of Maximum Entropy) represents a significant improvement over empirically-based SDR models, given its average absolute error of 21 % and a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.96 (rather than 105 % and −4.49, respectively
Semi-numerical analysis of a two-stage series composite planetary transmission considering incremental harmonic balance and multi-scale perturbation methods
Authors: Wang Xigui , An Siyuan , Wang Yongmei , Ruan Jiafu , Fu Baixue
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This study conducts an analytical investigation of the
dynamic response characteristics of a two-stage series composite system
(TsSCS) with a planetary transmission consisting of dual-power branches. An
improved incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method, which solves the closed
solution of incremental parameters passing through the singularity point of
the analytical path, based on the arc length extension technique, is
proposed. The results are compared with those of the numerical integration
method to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved method.
Following that, the multi-scale perturbation (MsP) method is applied to the
TsSCS proposed in this subject to analyze the parameter excitation and gap
nonlinear equations and then to obtain the analytical frequency response
functions including the fundamental, subharmonic, and superharmonic resonance
responses. The frequency response equations of the primary resonance,
subharmonic resonance, and superharmonic resonance are solved to generate
the frequency response characteristic curves of the planetary gear
system (PGS) in this method. A comparison between the results obtained by
the MsP method and the numerical integration method proves that the former
is ideal and credible in most regions. Considering the parameters of TsSCS
excitation frequency and damping, the nonlinear response characteristics of
steady-state motion are mutually converted. The effects of the time-varying
parameters and the nonlinear deenthing caused by the gear teeth clearance on
the amplitude–frequency characteristics of TsSCS components are studied in
this special topic.