bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Space Structure Systems: Select Areas of Opportunity to Achieve Sustainability in Construction
Authors: Maalek Shahrokh , Maalek Reza , Maalek Bahareh
Published: July 2023

This paper examines some of the largely neglected areas of opportunity to utilize skeletal space structure systems in support of modular, industrialized, economical, sustainable and digital future of the construction industry. In this context, the feasibility of future use of skeletal space structures is studied for a few classes of engineering structures, namely, residential apartment buildings, and offshore platforms, along with their suitability for reconstruction, renovation, modernization and retrofit of damaged buildings and urban areas of cultural heritage significance. Finally, the particulars of lean project management of space structures are discussed with emphasis on engineering and economic factors, production management, environmental aspects, quality management, and reliability, maintainability and sustainability considerations. This article concludes that skeletal space structures can fulfil many of the essential construction requirements of modern societies, especially those facing environmental challenges, all while allowing for design flexibility and mass customization.
Step-by-Step Double Trouble OBAIRH and DMD Diagnosis in a One-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Shchagina Olga , Kurilova Vera , Zinina Elena , Porubov Vyacheslav , Efishova Svetlana , Polyakov Aleksander
Published: July 2023

We present a case of a combination of two rare hereditary disorders: Аdrenal insufficiency, obesity, and red hair syndrome (OBAIRH) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in a boy. Both diseases were diagnosed during the first year of life. OBAIRH was suggested based on the ethnicity and family history of the patient, while DMD – based on an extreme increase in transaminase and CK levels during biochemical analysis of his blood.
A Novel Inexpensive Camera-based Photoelectric Barrier System for Accurate Flying Sprint Time Measurement
Authors: Uhlmann Tom , Bräuer Sabrina , Zaumseil Falk , Brunnett Guido
Published: July 2023

Electronic photoelectric barriers are established devices to time subjects in experiments or athletes in sports. The systems are expensive but also dependable and precise. We propose a novel, affordable photoelectric barrier system based on consumer grade camera hardware and show how to build such a system with common electronic components and a smartphone. We demonstrate in two experiments with track and field athletes that our novel system has accuracy comparable to a professional photoelectric barrier system, but for a fraction of the costs.
On the ac Measurements of the Electrical Conductivity of Dilute Colloidal Electrolytes
Authors: Varlamov--- Andrey , Chikina Ioulia , Nakamae Sawako
Published: July 2023

The details of ac-conductivity measurements in a colloidal electrolyte cell with flat control gate electrodes are discussed. The use of impedance diagnostics in studies of transport phenomena in such systems requires caution in the definition of the thickness of the screening accumulation layers that appear along the metal-electrolyte interfaces. The value of this characteristic length λ0 critically depends on the volume fraction ϕ⊙ of colloidal particles in the bulk of electrolyte. Accounting for the dependence λ0(ϕ⊙) makes it possible to consistently explain the large discrepancy in the available experimental data regarding the influence of colloidal fraction on the effective conductivity of the colloidal suspension.
Cellular-Host Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant
Authors: Scovino Aline Miranda , Dahab Elizabeth Chen , Diniz-Lima Israel , Silveira Etiele de Senna , Barroso Shana Priscila Coutinho , Martins-Cardoso Karina , Nico Dirlei , Freire-de-Lima Celio Geraldo , Freire-de-Lima Leonardo , Valente Natalia , Nacife Valeria , Machado Ana , Araújo Mia , Vieira Gustavo Fioravanti , Pauvolid-Corrêa Alex , Siqueira Marilda Mendonça , Morrot Alexandre
Published: July 2023

Since the first description of SARS-CoV-2 in China in 2019, thousands of variants have emerged worldwide. For some of them, the constellation of mutations caused changes in virus biology, pathogenicity, infectivityity and transmissibility resulting in dissemination throughout the world. Gamma variant (P.1) differs from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain (B.1) by 12 amino acids in the Spike (S) protein, and presented mutations related to greater affinity for the receptor angioten-sin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and/or immune escape. The Gamma variant and subvariants were responsible for the second wave of COVID-19 in the Brazilian city of Manaus, characterized by high mortality and rapid transmission. The ability of variants to induce cytokine production may be closely related to their pathogenicity. Herein we observed that there was no significant difference in the quantity of cytokines among macrophages or neutrophils infected with P.1 and B.1 strains. Also, no significant difference was observed in the absolute number of macrophages and neutrophils infected with these variants. Furthermore, no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 replication was observed in macrophages when infected by the two analyzed variants. Our findings suggest that the difference in the epidemiological outcome observed during the P.1 variant spread when compared to B.1, it is not explained by differences in the quantity of cytokines and absolute number of macrophages or neutrophils. Through bioinformatics analysis of the S protein, we observed that the physicochemical differences between the variants and subvariants of P.1, probably refer to the degree of infectivity, due to the impact caused in the recognition of antibodies and receptor af-finity
A Challenge in A(G)I, Cybernetics Revived in the Ouroboros Model as One Algorithm for All Thinking
Authors: Thomsen Knud
Published: July 2023

A topical challenge for algorithms in general and for automatic image categorization and generation in particular is presented with the aim of highlighting strengths and deficiencies of current Artificial Intelligence approaches while sketching a way forward. A general lack of encompassing symbol-embedding and (not only) -grounding in some bodily basis is made responsible for current deficiencies. A concomitant dearth of hierarchical organization of concepts follows suite. As a remedy for these shortcomings, it is proposed to take a wide step back and to newly incorporate aspects of cybernetics and analog control processes. It is claimed that a promising overarching perspective is provided by the Ouroboros Model with a valid and versatile algorithmic backbone for general cognition at all accessible levels of abstraction and capabilities.
Oral Spirochete Treponema denticola Intraoral Infection Reveals Unique miR-133a, miR-486, miR-126-3p, miR-126-5p miRNA Expression Kinetics during Periodontitis
Authors: Aravindraja Chairmandurai , Jeepipalli Syam Praveen Kumar , Vekariya Krishna , Escalante Ruben , Chan Edward K.L. , Kesavalu Lakshmyya
Published: July 2023

miRNAs are major regulators of eukaryotic gene expression, host immunity, and play an important role in the inflammation-mediated pathways in periodontal disease (PD) pathogenesis. Expanding our previous observation with the global miRNA profiling using partial human mouth microbes and lack of in vivo studies involving oral spirochete Treponema denticola induced miRNAs, this study was designed to delineate the global miRNA expression kinetics during progression of periodontitis in mice infected with T. denticola by using NanoString nCounter® miRNA panels. All the T. denticola-infected male and female mice at 8- and 16 weeks demonstrated bacterial colonization (100%) on the gingival surface, and an increase in alveolar bone resorption (p < 0.0001). A total of 70 miRNAs with at least 1.0-fold differential expression/regulation (DE) miRNAs (26 upregulated and 44 downregulated) were identified. nCounter miRNA expression profiling identified 13 upregulated miRNAs (e.g. miR-133a, miR-378) and 25 downregulated miRNAs (e.g. miR-375, miR-34b-5p) in T. denticola-infected mice mandibles during 8-weeks infection whereas 13 upregulated miRNAs (e.g. miR-486, miR-126-5p) and 19 downregulated miRNAs (miR-2135, miR-142-3p) were observed during 16- weeks of infection. One miRNA (miR-126-5p) showed significant difference between 8-and 16-weeks of infection. Interestingly, miR-126-5p has been presented as a potential biomarker in patients with periodontitis and coronary artery disease. Among the 13 upregulated miRNAs, miR-486, miR-126-3p, miR-126-5p were reported in human gingival plaques samples with periodontitis. KEGG analysis revealed various functional pathways of DE miRNAs such as bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, Ras signaling, Fc gamma R- mediated phagocytosis, osteoclast differentiation, adherens signaling and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. This is the first study of DE miRNAs in mice mandibles at different time-points of T. denticola infection and the combination of three specific miRNAs miR-486, miR-126-3p, miR-126-5p may serve as an invasive biomarker of T. denticola in PD. These miRNAs may have significant role in PD pathogenesis and establishes a link between miRNA, periodontitis, and systemic diseases.
Cognitive Impairment in MRI-Negative Epilepsy: Relationship between Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Measures
Authors: Papaliagkas Vasileios , Lokantidou-Argyraki Chrysanthi , Patrikelis Panayiotis , Zafeiridou Georgia , Spilioti Martha , Afrantou Theodora , Kosmidis Mary-Helen , Arnaoutoglou Marianthi , Kimiskidis Vasileios K
Published: July 2023

Background: Epileptic patients frequently encounter cognitive impairment. Functions that are mostly affected involve memory, attention and executive function; however this is mainly dependant on the location of the epileptic activity. The aim of the study is to assess cognitive functions in MRI-negative epilepsy patients by means of neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures. Methods: The patients were enrolled from the outpatient Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology clinic over a time period of 6 months. The study sample comprised 20 MRI negative epilepsy patients [mean age ± standard deviation (SD), 30.3 ± 12.56 years; age range 16-60 years; average disease duration, 13.95 years) and 10 age-matched controls (mean age ± SD, 24.22 ± 15.39 years), that were also education-matched (p>0.05) Patients with epileptogenic lesions were excluded from the study. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Auditory ERPs and the cognitive screening tool EpiTrack, were administered to all subjects. Results: Latencies of P300 and slow waves were prolonged in patients compared to controls (p<0.05). ASM load and the patients’ performance in the EpiTrack maze subtest were the most significant predictors of P300 latency. A decline in memory, attention, and speed of information processing has been observed in patients with cryptogenic epilepsy compared to age-matched controls, as reflected by P300 latency and EpiTrack scores.
Association of Possible Sarcopenia or Sarcopenia with Body Composition, Nutritional Intakes, Serum Vitamin D3 Levels, and Physical Activity among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Yu-Ting , Lin Jian-Yu , Lin Chien-Ju , Lee Yau-Jiunn , Chang Wen-Hsin
Published: July 2023

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and association between sarcopenia and blood biochemical parameters, nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements, physical performance, and physical activity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). According to the diagnosis criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019, 110 patients with T2DM (aged: 50–80 years) were divided into three groups: Non-sarcopenia (n = 38), Possible Sarcopenia (n = 31, 28.2%), and Sarcopenia (n = 41, 37.3%). Blood samples were collected and nutritional intake was evaluated by a registered dietitian. A food frequency questionnaire and Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire were used to assess their daily vitamin D intake and physical activity. There were significant differences in age, serum vitamin D3 levels, nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements, and physical performance between the three groups. In elderly patients with T2DM, there was a significant association between sarcopenia with BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), and dietary energy and protein intake. Low serum vitamin D3 is a significant risk factor for possible sarcopenia.
Transcapsidation and Polysomal Encapsulation as Putative Strategies for the Genome Protection of the Novel Diplodia fraxini Fusagravirus 1 (DfFV1)
Authors: Lutz Tobias , Bien Steffen , Langer Gitta Jutta , Heinze Cornelia
Published: July 2023

Two novel dsRNA mycoviruses were found in different isolates of Diplodia fraxini, NW FVA 1581 and NW FVA 1706, which were isolated from a root, associated with stem collar necrosis of Fraxinus excelsior L. Both mycelia are infected by a novel fusagravirus, which was named Diplodia fraxini fusagravirus 1 (DfFV1), and isolate NW FVA 1706 is additionally infected by a novel partitivirus, which was denominated as Diplodia fraxini partitivirus 1 (DfPV1). The one-segmented, bicistronic genome of DfFV1 is composed of about 8,500 bp. Their ORFs are connected by a 1 slippery heptamer sequence and the 3’ terminal ORF is coding for the viral RdRp. The genome of DfPV1 is composed of three, monocistronic dsRNA segments ranging from 1,755 bp (dsRNA 1) over 1,588 bp (dsRNA 2) to 1,233 bp (dsRNA 3). Based on genome organization and phylogenetic positions, DfFV1 was assigned to the proposed family of “Fusagraviridae” and DfPV1 to the genus Gammapartitivirus within the family of Partitiviridae.
Ultra-structural analysis showed that polysomal structures were stabilized in the single infection and none of these structures could be isolated in the double infection. It is assumed that DfFV1 has an opportunistic lifestyle, being either protected by ribosomes or by transcapsidation from particles of DfPV1.
Experimental Treatment Efficacy of dmrFABP5 on Prostate Cancer Singly or in Combination with Drugs in Use
Authors: Abdulsamad Saud A. , Naeem Abdulghani A. , Zeng Hao , He Gang , Jin Xi , Alenezi Bandar T. , Ai Jianzhong , Zhang Jiacheng , Ma Hongwen , Ke Youqiang
Published: July 2023

Enzalutamide is a drug used to treat PC. Docetaxel is a drug for chemotherapy for different cancers including prostate cancer (PC). The effectiveness of these drugs in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is not consistent and thus, CRPC is still an incurable disease. Recent evidence showed that the bio-inhibitor of FABP5, dmrFABP5, suppressed the tumorigenicity and metastasis of the CRPC cells. In this work, we studied the possible synergic effect of dmrFABP5 combined with either Enzalutamide or Docetaxel on suppressing tumorigenicity of the PC cells. A highly significant synergic effect was observed when dmrFABP5 was used in combination with Enzalutamide on the androgen-responsive PC cells 22RV1. A highly significant synergic effect was also observed when dmrFABP5 was combined with Docetaxel on 22RV1 cells and on the highly malignant, androgen-receptor (AR)-negative DU145 cells. These combined applications exhibited a highly significant inhibitory action on the viability, migration, invasion and colony formation abilities of both 22RV1and DU145 cells. However, dmrFABP5 did not produce any suppression effect when used on FABP5-negative cell line LNCaP, although Enzalutamide can significantly suppress LNCaP cells as a single agent. Further investigations suggested that these synergistic effects were produced by interrupting the FABP5-related signal transduction pathway in PC cells.
Adaptive Facade Using SMP Actuator for Enhancing Thermal Performance in Buildings
Authors: Zameem Mahmoud , Beccarelli Paolo , Wood Christopher
Published: July 2023

Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) actuators are smart materials that adapt and switch shape in response to environmental conditions, allowing controlled and dynamic building systems. The integrated SMP strip enabled the adaptive facade shading system to operate independently and with flexibility under certain thermoresponsive conditions to regulate building performance. This study aims to improve adaptive façade performance in a hot-humid climate by determining optimal thermal activation factors for the shape memory polymer. This was achieved by comprehensively examining and analysing the impact of various SMP activation parameters on energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and visual comfort. In addition, dynamic IES-VE building energy simulation was used to evaluate the thermal performance of the adaptable facade. The results were validated using a multicriteria approach to compare with the existing glass façade of a high-rise apartment. The results showed that the coactivation technique, which combines solar radiation and air temperature triggers, proved to be the most efficient strategy to improve the performance of the adaptive façade. This strategy minimised heat gain, lowered indoor temperatures, reduced glare, and enhanced daylight comfort, resulting in notable energy savings through reduced cooling consumption. The study concluded that the utilisation of SMP actuators with fine-tuning activation parameters significantly optimised adaptive façade performance, promoting functionality, efficiency, and sustainability in buildings.
Examining the Relationships Between the Incidence of Infectious Diseases and Mood Disorders: An Analysis of Data From the Global Burden of Disease Studies, 1990-2019
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: July 2023

Mood disorders are among the commonest mental disorders worldwide. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that there are close links between infectious diseases and mood disorders, but the strength and direction of these association remain largely unknown. Theoretical models have attempted to explain this link based on evolutionary or immune-related factors, but these have not been empirically verified. The current study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the incidence of infectious diseases and mood disorders, while correcting for climate and economic factors, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Studies, 1990-2019. It was found that major depressive disorder was positively associated with lower respiratory infections, while bipolar disorder was positively associated with upper respiratory infections and negatively associated with enteric and tropical infections, both cross-sectionally and over a period of thirty years. These results suggest that a complex, bidirectional relationship exists between these disorders. This relationship may be mediated through the immune system as well as through the gut-brain and lung-brain axes. Understanding the mechanisms that link these groups of disorders could lead to advances in the prevention and treatment of both.
Analysis of the Synergistic Effect on the Strength Characteristics of Modified red Mud-Based Stabilized Soil
Authors: Shengjin Chen , Jie Jiang , Xiaoduo Ou , Zhijie Tan
Published: July 2023

In order to effectively utilize red mud, an aluminum industrial waste, the stabilized soil material was developed using nano-SiO2 synergistically modified red mud, and the strength characteristics of the stabilized soil were analyzed to clarify the feasibility of such stabilized soil serves as a road base material. Through different combination schemes, the effects of different nano-SiO2 and cement contents on the strength of the stabilized materials were explored. The test results show that: in the synergistic modification of nano-SiO2 and cement, nano-SiO2 can significantly improve the early unconfined compressive strength of red mud-based stabilized soil; in the synergistic modification of nano-SiO2, gypsum and cement, the 7-d unconfined compressive strength of red mud-based stabilized soil is greater than 2 MPa, which meets the strength requirements of road base materials and shows the superiority of synergism. The nominal stress-strain curves are divided into five stages: compressed and compacted stage, elastic deformation stage, plastic deformation stage, damage deformation stage and residual deformation stage. The macroscopic compressive damage pattern of the specimens shows that the modified red mud-based stabilized soil mostly exhibits brittle damage.
A Comparative Analysis of Literary Elements Junior High School English Textbooks with Special Reference to The People’s Education Edition, Shanghai Education Press and Foreign Language Press
Authors: Kerui Wu , Juan Wang
Published: July 2023

According to the "English Curriculum Reform for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition)" formulated by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, the nature and orientation of compulsory education are combined with the emphasis on adjusting and optimizing the curriculum to cultivate socialist builders and successors with comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic skills. This paper focuses on the problems of low level of content and a single form of literary elements in junior high school English textbooks and the lack of emphasis on existing literary elements in the current textbooks. The study also aims to find out the actual usage of the textbooks among front-line teachers and students through questionnaires and interviews, summarize the form of presentation of literary elements in the three editions, analyze their shortcomings through comparison, and learn from and supplement each other.
Experimental Substantiation of Feasibility of Using Enzymatic Fibrin Hydrolyzate-Based Medium to Obtain Components of Chemical Cholera Vaccine
Authors: Vol’nikov V. R. , Durakova O. S. , Salikhov R. R. , Samokhvalova Yu. I. , Avdeeva N. G. , Klokova O. D. , Kireev M. N. , Volokh O. A.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study was to experimentally substantiate the possibility of using a nutrient medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate in order to obtain specific components of chemical cholera vaccine: cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigen. Materials and methods. We used production strains of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41. Submerged low-volume cultivation was carried out in a laboratory fermenter for 8 hours, with automatic maintenance of cultivation parameters and feeding with glucose on the nutrient medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate, containing (1.0±0.1) g/l of amine nitrogen, pH being (8.0±0.1). Cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigens were obtained from detoxified formalin-treated centrifugates of culture liquids. The specific activity of V. cholerae antigens at the stages of cultivation and isolation was determined applying immunochemical methods. The preparation of the finished dosage form of the cholera vaccine and the coating of the tablets with an enteric coating was carried out in accordance with the regulatory documentation. Results and discussion. It has been shown that cultivation on the medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate provides a stable growth of the biomass of V. cholerae production strains with a high level of specific activity of antigens. Comparative analysis of the main properties of the finished dosage form of laboratory batches with a commercial batch of chemical cholera vaccine has demonstrated compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. The results obtained has led us to conclusion that it is feasible to use the nutrient medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate for cultivating production strains and obtaining specific components of the cholera vaccine.
Analysis of Multiple Infection in Ixodic Ticks Dermacentor reticulatus in a Combined Natural Focus of Vector-Borne Infections in the Tomsk Region
Authors: Voronkova O. V. , Romanenko V. N. , Simakova A. V. , Esimova I. E. , D’yakov D. A. , Motlokhova E. A. , Chernyshov N. A. , Yamaletdinova D. M.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study was to characterize mono- and mixed infection with causative agents of vector-borne infections in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks inhabiting one of the anthropourgic foci of the Tomsk Region. Materials and methods. D. reticulatus ticks were collected from vegetation “on the flag” in the forest park zones of the southern part of Tomsk in August and September, 2020–2021. To isolate nucleic acids from homogenates of mites and subsequent PCR diagnostics, kits of the RealBest series (“Vector-Best”, Novosibirsk) were used. 184 individual samples of nucleic acids were examined for the presence of molecular-genetic markers of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), pathogenic borrelia, babesia, rickettsia, anaplasma, and ehrlichia. Results and discussion. The spectrum of pathogens detected through PCR assay of ticks collected in one of the anthropurgic foci of the Tomsk Region in 2020 and 2021 includes TBEV, pathogenic borrelia, rickettsia, and babesia. The highest rate of D. reticulatus infection has been established in relation to candidate pathogens of tick-borne rickettsioses (Rickettsia sp.) and babesioses (Babesia sp.). The overall frequency of co-infection in D. reticulatus was 12.88 %. Seven different associations of pathogens infecting D. reticulatus have been identified. The majority (88.24 %) of the detected cases of mixed infection were rickettsia associations. Double infection has been registered in 94 % of the total number of mixed variants. Markers of four tick-borne infection pathogens simultaneously (Rickettsia species DNA, Babesia species DNA, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. DNA and TBEV RNA) have been found in one sample. Changes in areal of the D. reticulatus against the background of an increase in their numbers, determines the need to analyze the epidemiological significance of the ticks of this species in combined foci of tick-borne infections, especially in the zone of sympatry with ixodic ticks of other species.
Detection of Phage-Induced Mobile Genetic Elements in Strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biovar El Tor
Authors: Zadnova S. P. , Plekhanov N. A. , Spirina A. Yu. , Shvidenko I. G. , Savel’ev V. N.
Published: July 2023

The acquisition of new mobile genetic elements contributes to the genetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae strains. An important role in this process belongs to the genetic material obtained from phages. The aim of this work was to identify phage-induced PLE islands in strains of V. cholerae O1 serogroup and to determine the resistance of isolates with and without those mobile genetic elements to the lytic activity of the diagnostic cholera El Tor bacteriophage. Materials and methods. Whole genomes nucleotide sequences of toxigenic and non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains presented in the NCBI GenBank were used for the work. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using the BLAST algorithm, MEGA X (or BioEdit v. 7.0.9.0). The test with phages was carried out according A. Gratia technique. Results and discussion. The analysis of 39 toxigenic strains imported to the territory of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries has revealed one strain of V. cholerae O1 of the classical biovar containing the PLE5 island, and 13 strains of V. cholerae O1 of the El Tor biovar containing the PLE4 island. PLE islands have not been found in non-toxigenic strains. It is shown that strains with PLE4 belong to V. cholerae O1 genovariants of the El Tor biovar and have the ctxB1 gene allele. Isolates with this mobile element caused sporadic cases of the disease in 1994–1999, as well as cholera outbreaks in the Russian Federation (in 1993–1994, in 1998 – Dagestan, and 1993 – Tatarstan) and Ukraine (1994–1995). It has been suggested that, perhaps, the presence of the PLE4 island makes a certain contribution to the resistance of V. cholerae O1 strains of the El Tor biovar to the diagnostic cholera El Tor phage (55.6 % of phage-resistant isolates were detected), but there are other mechanisms that have not yet been identified. Thus, the data on the presence of new mobile genetic elements in the genome of earlier imported toxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1, biovar El Tor have been obtained, which expands information about their genetic organization.
Paleogenomics of the Plague Agent and Prospects for Paleogenomic Studies in Russia
Authors: Eroshenko G. A. , Batieva E. F. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: July 2023

The review contains information on paleogenomic studies of the plague pathogen, Yersinia pestis, covering the prehistoric epoch, the periods of the first and second plague pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks of plague of the late XIX–XX centuries. We have summarized the data on the reconstruction of ancient Y. pestis genomes of the Late Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, the Justinian Plague epidemic of the first plague pandemic, the Black Death epidemic and the subsequent epidemics of the second plague pandemic of the XIV–XVIII centuries, as well as on tracing the pathways of plague propagation waves in Eurasia and the course of plague agent evolution with the formation of a vector-borne transmission route with the help of arthropods. We present the results of our own research of Y. pestis genomes from the key sites of formation of etiological agents of the first and second plague pandemics in the Tien Shan Mountains, historical outbreaks in the Northern and North-Western Caspian sea region and other regions of Russia and adjoining countries in the late XIX–XX centuries. The paper discusses the areas of the Caucasus, Crimea, Northern Caspian, Siberia, and Tien Shan in the territory of Russia and neighboring states that are promising for national paleogenomic studies of plague.
Tactical Features of Operation of the Specialized Anti-Epidemic Team of the Rospotrebnadzor on the Territory of the Republic of Crimea under Conditions Characteristic of a Combined Emergency
Authors: Soboleva E. G. , Kuznetsova D. A. , Kruglikov V. D. , Pichurina N. L. , Dobrovol’sky O. P. , Sokirkina E. N. , Tikhonov S. N. , Pen’kovskaya N. A. , Noskov A. K.
Published: July 2023

The tactics of activities of the specialized anti-epidemic team (SAET) of the Rospotrebnadzor on the territory of the Republic of Crimea has been determined by the conditions of emergency situation of sanitary-epidemiological and natural character. The aim of the work was to analyze the features and effectiveness of the functional response of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET to the dynamics of epidemiological risks caused by emergency of combined nature in the Republic of Crimea in 2020–2021. Materials and methods. We used report materials of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET; information materials of the Interregional Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Crimea and the Federal city of Sevastopol; “Coronavirus Monitor” service data. Results and discussion. Tactical decisions on the work of the SAET on the territory of the Republic of Crimea had the stage-by-stage nature. In the event of a complication of the epidemiological situation on the new coronavirus infection, a mobile group of the SAET was involved. Together with specialists from the Plague Control Station of the Republic of Crimea, it conducted 211 148 studies of clinical material to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA using PCR during the period of 2020–2021. In response to the emergence of additional risks caused by the consequences of a dangerous meteorological phenomenon, the group of SAET specialists was reinforced and mobile complex (MС) of the SAET was deployed. During the entire course of work, a prolonged target rotation of personnel was implemented in order to provide for adequate laboratory support for monitoring upon epidemiological indications in accordance with the nature of emerging risks. That tactics of operation made it possible to conduct 18 591 screening studies of clinical material for acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), natural-focal and acute intestinal infections (AII), as well as the study of 280 water samples for cholera. Introduction of the sequence of operational procedures adapted for work in emergency situations resulted in isolation of 10 Vibrio cholerae O1 ctxA–  strains from water bodies. The phased involvement of the mobile group of SAET specialists, and later the MC of the SAET, in combination with the consistent operational target rotation of personnel in order to provide adequate laboratory support for monitoring studies, determined the tactical features of the SAET functioning. Prompt investigation, substantiation of potential and response to realized (actual) epidemiological risks associated with the extraordinary situation made it possible to prevent complications of the epidemiological situation in the territory of the tourist cluster of the Russian Federation.
Review of Epidemiological Situation on Rickettsioses in the Russian Federation in 2022 as Compared with 2013–2021, Forecast for 2023
Authors: Pen’evskaya N. A. , Rudakov N. V. , Shpynov S. N. , Blokh A. I. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Savel’ev D. A. , Shtrek S. V. , Sannikov A. V.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the review was to characterize the epidemiological situation on tick-borne rickettsioses (TR) in the Russian Federation in 2022 in comparison with the pandemic years of 2020–2021 and the pre-pandemic period of 2013–2019, to give the forecast for 2023. During 2013–2022, a pattern was observed in the incidence of rickettsiosis of the tick-borne spotted fever group (with the exception of Astrakhan spotted fever – ASF), that is also characteristic of most other natural focal infections (NFIs): a sharp decrease in registered incidence rates in 2020–2021 with the subsequent increase in 2022 almost up to pre-pandemic levels or even exceedance in some regions. The absence of a defining influence of the frequency of contacts of the population with vectors on the decrease in the incidence in the period of 2020–2021 and the rise in the value in 2022 confirms the registration-related nature of the changes. Given due attention to the problem of effective detection and reporting of NFIs, we expect the incidence of tick-borne rickettsioses to remain within the confidence intervals of long-term average values in most endemic regions in 2023. Relaxed vigilance to the problem of NFIs may lead to a decline in the reported incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus in the Krasnoyarsk and Zabaikalsky Territories, Republics of Tuva and Khakassia, Novosibirsk and Amur Regions; reduction in the incidence of ASF in Astrakhan Region. The main issue in detecting and registration of the tick-borne rickettsiosis incidence, objective assessment and forecasting of the epidemic situation as regards this group of infections is conditioned by the lack of domestic certified diagnostic test kits for laboratory verification of rickettsioses. Close cooperation between epidemiologists and clinicians is required to establish and register cases of TR based on clinical and epidemiological data.
Review of the Epidemiological Situation on Ixodic Tick-Borne Borrelioses in the Russian Federation in 2013–2022 and Forecast for 2023
Authors: Rudakova S. A. , Teslova O. E. , Mutalinova N. E. , Pen’evskaya N. A. , Blokh A. I. , Rudakov N. V. , Savel’ev D. A. , Kuz’menko Yu. F. , Trankvilevsky D. V.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the review was to characterize the epidemiological situation on ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2022, to forecast the development of the ITBB epidemic process in 2023 based on the analysis of its trends in the period of 2013–2022. In total, 7 264 cases of ITBB were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022, which is 1.9 times higher than the 2021-value. In all regions in 2022, after a sharp decrease in the level of registered morbidity during the “covid” phase of 2020–2021, there was an incidence raise to the pre-pandemic level. During 2013–2022, distinctive features of the trends in the development of the ITBB epidemic process in the territories of varying degree of epidemic hazard were retained. A downward tendency in the incidence rates was revealed in 14 out of 18 entities with a long-term average annual incidence (LTAA) of ITBB above 6.2 0 /0000, with the exception of Moscow and the Kaluga Region, where a further increase in the incidence of ITBB is possible. In 6 out of 16 regions with LTAA 2013–2022 between 3.31 and 6.2 0 /0000, an upward trend was observed, and in 8 – a decrease in morbidity. The trend towards an increase in morbidity was detected in 7 out of 21 entities with LTAA of ITBB from 1.21 to 3.3 0 /0000 and in 15 out of 26 regions with a low LTAA 2013–2022 (below 1.2 0 /0000). The analysis of trends in the development of the ITBB epidemic process against the trends in changes in the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks, as well as calculations of the probable incidence rate allowed us to conclude that the incidence rate of ITBB in 2023 will range within the confidence intervals of long-term average annual values for the majority of the federal districts, with the exception of the Central Federal District, where an increase in the number of cases of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis is likely to occur, provided that the existing volumes of preventive measures are maintained and abnormal climatic phenomena absent. Effective control of the epidemic situation on the ITBB is attainable through preservation, and for such areas as Moscow, the Moscow Region, Voronezh, Kaluga, Orel, Ryazan, Penza and Rostov Regions, the Republic of Buryatia – increase in the volume of preventive measures, strengthening zoological and entomological monitoring of activity and structure of natural foci. There is an obvious need to develop algorithms for molecular-genetic monitoring of pathogens circulating in natural foci, and to focus attention onto the problems of diagnosis and prophylaxis of tick-borne transmissible infections.
Cholera and the Death of the Ancient Indus Civilization
Authors: Sergiev V. P. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: July 2023

The paper presents a hypothesis that the most probable cause of death of the ancient world Indus (Harappa) civilization was the epidemic of Asiatic cholera. A brief description of the Indus civilization that existed for two millennia (3300–1300 BC) is given. It is shown that the previously described factors for the decline of the thriving Indus civilization (climate change, shallowing of the Indus river and reduction in floods, catastrophic floods, drought, economic crisis, etc.) do not provide a consistent and comprehensive explanation of the causes of its death. Meanwhile, the natural environment and peculiarities of agriculture of the Indus civilization (annual floods affecting not only fields, but also sewage systems) created ideal conditions for the spread of water-borne cholera. The evolution of the Asiatic cholera agent is discussed. The results of paleogenomics study of this pathogen and their significance for the reconstruction of evolutionary events are briefly reviewed. The stages of evolution of Vibrio cholerae of the classical biovar are described, and possible mechanisms for the preservation of the pathogen during inter-epidemic period are considered. It is demonstrated that aside from cholera, other catastrophic, destructive epidemics are recorded in the history of mankind.
OPTIMASI KUAT TEKAN DAN PENYERAPAN AIR PAVING BLOCK MENGGUNAKAN AKS ADDITIVE
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati , Nurul Fausi Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini menggunakan AKS additive sebagai bahan tambah untuk campuran pembuatan paving block.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai kuat tekan dan penyerapan air paving block optimum dari penambahan AKS additive ke dalam bahan campuran pembuatan paving block.  Perbandingan campuran semen dan pasir dalam pembuatan paving block digunakan 1:3, dan penambahan AKS additive 0%, 1,6%, 1,7%, 1,8%, 1,9%, dan 2,0% dari berat semen.  Benda uji paving block menggunakan cetakan dengan ukuran 20 cm x 10 cm x 6 cm.  Pengujian kuat tekan dan penyerapan air paving block dilakukan pada umur 28 hari.  Hasil penelitian menggunakan AKS additive sebagai bahan tambah campuran pembuatan paving block dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan dan menurunkan penyerapan air.  Kuat tekan rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 12,67 MPa dan penyerapan air rata-rata terendah sebesar 7,06% diperoleh pada penggunaan 1,9% AKS additive, memenuhi persyaratan paving block mutu C digunakan untuk trotoar atau pejalan kaki.
Analisis Faktor Makro Ekonomi Yang Mempengaruhi Penerimaan Zakat, Infak, dan Shadaqah di Indonesia Tahun 2005-2019
Authors: Yanti Dharma , Parlina Tika
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the macroeconomic factors that affect the acceptance of Zakat, Infaq and Sadaqah in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative research methods with path analysis. The independent variables in this study are the rate of economic growth, number of working population, GDP/capita, provincial minimum wage. While the dependent variable is the amount of zakat, infaq and shadaqah receipts. The results showed that all variables had a significant effect on the acceptance of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah. However, after going through path analysis, it is known that the rate of economic growth (X1) and GDP/capita (X3) has a negative and significant effect on zakat, infaq, and shadaqah receipts, while the number of working population (X2) and the provincial minimum wage (X4) have an influence. positive and significant to the acceptance of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah.

Keywords : Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah, Economic Growth, GDP.
IMPLEMENTASI PERNYATAAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN NOMOR 109 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG AKUNTANSI ZAKAT DAN INFAQ/SEDEKAH PADA PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN (STUDI PADA BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR)
Authors: Ningsih Agustina , Mursyid Mursyid , Mainata Dedy , Noni Yovanda
Published: July 2023

The amil zakat Agency is an institution that has the responsibilty (mandate) of the muzakki to distribute the zakat they have paid to people in need. As a trust holding institutions are required to record every zakat deposit from muzakki and report the zakat management to the public in a transparent and accountable manner in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accunting (PSAK) No. 109 concerning zakat and infaq/alms accounting. Therefore, this tudy aims to examine the pattern and application of zakat and infaq/alms accounting based on PSAK No. 109 at the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of East Kalimantan Province.This type of research is field research is field research using a qualitative descriptive approach. The informants in this study were staff concerned in making the financial reports of BAZNAS East Kalimantan Province. Instruments in data collction used were observation, interviews and documentation. The stages in obtaining the dataused are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.The results showed that the pattern of preparing financial statements at BAZNAS East Kalimantan Province includes components of balnce reports (financial position reports), reports of change in funds, reports of changes in assets under managemnt, cash flow reports, and notes on financial statements that are in accordance with PSAK 109. Financial reports that are conducted 2 times a year, six months and at the end to the year. The financial statements that are presented are not only physical, but are presented through an application called SIMBA(BAZNAS Management Information System). Where in its application, the financial statements aopplied by the institution have reffered to and are in accordance with PSAK 109 concerning zakat adn infaq/alms accounting/
Dampak Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Terhadap Pengelolaan Zakat, Infaq, Dan Shadaqah (ZIS) Di Masjid Agung Pelita Samarinda
Authors: Dwi Rahayu Hesti Maharani , Mahrus Moh , Yuliani Irma
Published: July 2023

In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world today, all aspects of life have been affected. The social sector has also been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. This has resulted in the declining economic welfare of the Indonesian people. In Islam this welfare problem can be solved by managing and empowering the results of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS). But the Covid-19 pandemic is quite scary because it can affect people's awareness of paying Zakat, Infaq and Sadaqah (ZIS). For this reason, this study aims to determine the mechanism for the management of Zakat, Infaq and Shadaqah (ZIS) that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Great Mosque of Pelita Samarinda and to determine the impact that occurred on the management of Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah (ZIS) during the pandemic. Covid-19 at the Great Mosque of Pelita Samarinda. This research is a qualitative research (field research). The population in this study is the total of all Amil zakat administrators at the Great Mosque of Pelita Samarinda, a total of 54 people. In taking samples from the existing population, researchers used the Slovin formula calculation and produced a sample of 35 people. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is Miles and Hubermen which starts from data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the management of Zakat, Infaq and Sadaqah (ZIS) of the Great Mosque of Pelita Samarinda during the Covid-19 pandemic began with careful and careful planning. The implementation, which contains receipts and distributions, also continues to run offline and continues to comply with the health protocols recommended by the government. Supervision is also directly supervised by the board of trustees of the amil zakat management of the Great Mosque of Pelita Samarinda and BAZNAS of Samarinda City. Evaluation is carried out at the end of the activity to correct errors and correct them so that they do not recur in the future. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has two sides, namely a negative impact and a positive impact. The negative impacts include regulations to maintain distance and comply with health protocols, which are quite difficult for officers, friendships are also tenuous, and many people choose to pay zakat at the nearest mosque or institution, thereby reducing muzakki at the Great Mosque of Pelita Samarinda. The positive impact is the increase in the results of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah receipts in 2020. Meanwhile, in 2021 only zakat fitrah in the form of rice has increased.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Universitas Islam Negeri(UIN) Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda
Authors: Nurhaedah Nurhaedah , Parno Parno , Tikawati Tikawati , Noni Yovanda
Published: July 2023

Budaya yang kuat dapat mempengaruhi kinerja bahkan di lingkungan perusahaan atau Lembaga-Lembaga lebih besar pengaruhnya terhadap persaigan, seperti struktur organisasi, alat analisis keuangan, dapat menyesuaikan dengan perubahan jaman yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Lingkungan Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda X1 sebesar 5,029 > ttabel 2,228. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa variabel X1 memiliki konstribusi terhadap Y. Yang berarti Kepemimpinan X1 berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y) Budaya Organisasi X2 sebesar 2.465 > ttabel 2,228. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa H2 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa variabel X2 memiliki konstribusi terhadap Y. Secara Simultan Lingkungn kerja dan Budaya Organisasi berepengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Berdasarkan pada tabel di atas, dapat disimpulkan dalam pengujian secara simultan variabel lingkungan kerja X1, dan budaya organisasi X2, terhadap kinerja pegawai Y, diperoleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 43,213 untuk mengetahui nilai F tabel, F = (n-k). F (81 - 2) F= (2;79) = 3,110. Dengan nilai probabilitas sig = 0,05. Maka Fhitung 43,213 > Ftabel = 3,110 dan nilai sig lebih kecil dari nilai probabilitas 0,05 atau nilai 0,000 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel lingkungan kerja, dan budaya organisasi secara bersama-sama (simultan) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y).