bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOR COUNTERMEASURE OF SPREAD OF SOCIALLY IMPORTANT INFECTIONS
Authors: Barinova A. N. , Khurtsilava O. G. , Plavinskii S. L.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the prevention programs aimed at the prevention of the spread of socially important infections on example of HIV infection, as well to express it in units permitting the comparison with other fields of health care and to compare with to expenses for the prevention and treatment of sequelae of infection. Materials and methods. Results of the panel study, executed in 2006-2013 in 10 regions of the Russian Federation in HIV infection risk groups (4 waves). The total number of participants is 9891. Study protocol included detailed survey of risk behavior, involvement in prevention programs and HIV testing. Obtained data were used for the assessment of the change of the morbidity rate as a result of prevention and calibration of the dynamic (Markov) model of the effect of the prevention on the length of quality-adjusted life and treatment cost. Expenses for the prevention were estimated from field reports of prevention projects. Results. Programs for the comprehensive prevention of socially important infections, first of all HIV-infections, among injecting drug users result in the significant decrease in HIV incidence. The assessment of the effect of the prevention within framework of the multivariable model shows odds ratio to be of 0.56 (95% CI=0.40-0.78). This relative reduction corresponds to the decline of the absolute incidence from 3.98 per 100 person per year in the group of persons who was not involved in prevention programs (95% CI=3.37-4.69) to 2.22 per 100 person per year (95% CI=1.89-2.62) among participants. Such effect of the prevention leads to the increase in quality-adjusted life-years per each person (QALY=0.23, 95% CI=0.10-0.37), and the saving of budget cost by 226 thousand rubles (95% CI=209,6 - 822,2 thousand rubles). With the use of more pessimistic assumptions in relation to expenses for the prevention and treatment, the cost per quality-adjusted life per year failed to surpass the threshold of society’s willingness to pay for health technology, with demonstrating high cost-effectiveness of investing in the prevention. Conclusion. Programs of the comprehensive prevention of socially important infections in the Russian Federation have significant effectiveness and under most plausible assumptions are cost-saving. For the solution the problem of financing preventive measures it is necessary to apply the same principles of health technology assessment as it is done is the area of drug coverage.
ON THE FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CURRENT CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS IN THE AREA OF SUPERVISION
Authors: Belova L. V. , Pilkova T. Yu. , Vasilyev R. S. , Fedotova I. M.
Published: September 2019

This article covers the aspect of food safety provision by product chain participants under current conditions by means of the development of food safety management systems (FSMS) based on НАССР (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) principles. НАССР principles and logical approach for setting and solving specific tasks, preceding HACCP principles, are discussed. The main stages of food safety management system development and implementation are presented, as well as advantages from its implementation.
DYNAMICS OF INDICES OF THE STATE OF HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE CITY OF ST. PETERSBURG FOR 20 YEARS
Authors: Suvorova A. V. , Iakubova I. Sh. , Chernyakina T. S.
Published: September 2019

The objective of the research was to study the dynamics of health indices of children and adolescents of the city of Saint Petersburg for 20 years. We analyzed official statistical data of general and primary morbidity rate of children aged of 0-14 years and adolescents aged 15-17 years, the incidence of chronic diseases in schoolchildren (7-17 years), as well as there was held a comparative analysis of the health state of senior schoolchildren in 5 Saint Petersburg schools with advanced content of education based on indices of the pathological prevalence rate, physical development, non-specific resistance, adaptation status. The study was executed according to approved standard methods. In the study, over a 20-year period there was revealed a steady trend of health deterioration of children and adolescent population of the city as a whole, and schoolchildren enrolled in the program with advanced content of education as well. The prevalence rate of diseases in children has increased by 72.0%, while primary morbidity increased by 70.4%. Adolescents aged 15-17 years showed more pronounced gain of indices than in children, the level of general and primary morbidity rate has increased by 2 times. In the structure of general and primary morbidity of children and adolescents first ranking places were held by respiratory diseases, injuries, poisoning, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In chronic morbidity of schoolchildren there were prevailed diseases of the musculoskeletal system, diseases of the eye and its appendages, respiratory diseases. There was established the gain in the pathological prevalence rate in schoolchildren with advanced content of education. In the majority of the surveyed high school students there were diagnosed polysystemic changes in health status. Negative trends in the health status of children and adolescents of the city of Saint - Petersburg were confirmed by indices of nonspecific resistance: immunological tests, key elements of protective enzyme systems of the body. In order to stabilize the growth of children and adolescent incidence there were suggested directions of prevention work.
ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE SENSITIZATION RATE OF THE POPULATION IN A RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Gubernskiy Yu. D. , Fedoseeva V. N. , Makovetskaya A. K. , Kalinina N. V. , Fedoskova T. G.
Published: September 2019

There are considered ecological-hygienic aspects of the sensitization rate of population in residential environmental. The considerable part of the life of a person passes in conditions of residential environmental, he is exposed to the whole complex of sensitizing factors, with the house dust being the most important among these factors. Results. According to results of our research, the greatest number of allergic reactions was noted under the contact with domestic, pollen and epidermal allergens. In the structure of allergic diseases in the population the most frequent were allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The overwhelming majority of observed cases was shown to suffer from functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and there was also observed the presence of chronic foci of inflammation. As a result of the executed comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the quality of residential environment there was established that in conditions of residential and public buildings the array of chemicals also had allergical effect on population. Discussion. The complex chemical pollutants of the residential environment in isolation was shown to fail to exert anaphylactogenic activity, whereas in complex with house dust allergen there are revealed the decline in immunological indices of the nonspecific resistance and inhibition of functional activity of T-suppressors, and amplification of immediate hypersensitivity in condition of impact of allergical complex of domestic dust. The existence of disorders of different functional systems of organism also provokes the development of the state of the hypersensitivity of population. Conclusions. The sensitization of the population was shown to be directly affected by the combined effect on human sensitization with allergenic components of house dust and chemical pollutants. Factors contributing to the development and occurrence of allergic pathologies among the population include: the level of chemical contamination of residential environment, various functional disorders of the body systems, which give rise in increased sensitization of the population.
RESULTS OF RADON INSPECTION OF SETTLEMENTS COMPROMISED DUE TO DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE INTO THE TECHA RIVER
Authors: Vasilyev A. V. , Malinovsky G. P. , Onishchenko A. D. , Yarmoshenko I. V.
Published: September 2019

During past decades, specialists perform an epidemiological observation of the population exposed to the impact of radioactive discharges into the Techa River. The Techa River cohort studies have identified excess cases of leukemia and solid cancers associated with radiation exposure. At the same time natural sources of radiation, such as radon and its decay products, known to be significant human radiation exposure factor, are not sufficiently studied on this territory. The purpose of the study is to assess the mean value and the distribution indices of radon concentration in 14 settlements affected by radioactive contamination. Radon inspection in settlements located on the Techa River (Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions) was executed. The measurements were performed in 511 dwellings. For radon inspection there were applied detectors based on LR-115 Kodak Track. The analysis shows the sample both to be representative and allow to estimate radon exposure for inhabitants. The average radon concentration in dwellings is 150 Bq/m3, which results in an annual effective dose of 11 mSv. The estimated number of dwellings with radon concentrations above ECC radon action level 200 Bq/m3 is 19. The factors affecting indoor radon accumulation were established. The radiation dose due to the inhalation of radon, accumulated over a long period of time, seems to be generally comparable to doses associated with the radioactive discharges into the Techa River during the 1949-1956.
MODERN PRINCIPLES AND MEANS OF PROTECTION OF WORKERS FROM ADVERSE EFFECTS OF RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Paltsev Yu. P. , Pokhodzey L. V. , Rubtsova N. B. , Perov S. Yu. , Belaya O. V.
Published: September 2019

There is presented the analysis of criteria, methods and means of protection of workers from adverse effects of occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, including protection by time (by means of hygienic standardization), as well as methods and means of the metrological control. Special attention is given to the improvement of the assessment of means for personal protection, including the application of the criterion of specific absorbed-power (absorption rate).
INFLUENCE OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION ON HEALTH INDICES OF STUDENTS OF LYCEES
Authors: Zolotnikova G. P. , Kaptsov V. A. , Kurguz R. V.
Published: September 2019

There were executed comprehensive studies on revealing of changes of indices of leading physiological systems of adaptation of an organism of persons of the young age in conditions of anthropogenic radiation-chemical pollution of environment. There were examined 392 teenagers studying at the first year course of professional lyceums, permanently living in areas with various indices of the technogenic pollution. The functional state of the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune and central nervous systems was investigated by means of modern methods. There was revealed the role of increased radiation and chemical loads as “risk factors” for the deterioration of the health status of students in vocational lyceums. There were detected methodical approaches to early diagnostics and prevention of the reduction of the adaptive potential of the organism, the disturbance of the health of young people in conditions of current technogenesis.
THE PROBLEM OF RADON IN THE INDOOR AIR OF RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Authors: Klinskaya Elena O. , Khristoforova N. K. , Surits O. V. , Bondareva D. G.
Published: September 2019

Jewish Autonomous Republic is a region of the Russian Federation associated with the high radon risk. The highest levels of radon concentration, more than 200 Bq/m3 (MPC 100 Bq/m3) were registered in the Obluchensky district and in the capital of autonomy - city of Birobidzhan. One-floor stone houses have the biggest content of radon (in units EEVA radon) in the air.
THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTIONS IN THE NORMATIVE BASE OF LASER SAFETY
Authors: Rakhmanov Boris N. , Paltsev J. P. , Kibovskiy V. T.
Published: September 2019

The wide use of laser technology in various spheres of human activity, especially, observed in recent years the mass distribution of various civil laser products, requires the application of effective measures of the state regulation of the safe use of laser products. Laser radiation is referred to the category of hazardous and harmful physical factors of influence, since it can inflict irreparable harm to the human visual apparatus. Measures of the State regulation include the development and effective application of regulatory documents that provide laser safety both in human production and in everyday life. By the beginning of the 1990s, in Russia there was basically developed a regulatory base, relied upon the application of safety indices for laser products ((Maximum permissible levels of laser radiation and hazard classes of laser products), regulated in the “Sanitary norms and rules for the design and operation of lasers” No. 5804 - 91. In recent years, in the territory of the Russian Federation there have been introduced national standards, identical to IEC standards of IEC 60825 series. The safety indices regulated in these standards turned out to be much softer compared to the similar indices specified in SN # 5804 - 91. The introduction of the IEC 60825 series standards significantly reduces the level of the safety of laser technology and leads to the disorientation of the domestic manufacturer and consumer of laser products. In this paper, a critical analysis of laser safety indices, regulated in the standards of the series IEC 60825, was conducted and there was made an assessment of the legality of the introduction of such standards in the territory of the Russian Federation.
MUSCULO-SKELETAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS DISEASES IN EMPLOYEES OF THE OIL INDUSTRY IN CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED IMPACT OF VIBRATION AND THE HEAVY WORKING PROCESS
Authors: Gimranova Galina G. , Bakirov A. B. , Shaikhlislamova E. R. , Karimova L. K. , Beigul N. A. , Mavrina L. N.
Published: September 2019

There were studied working conditions and the state of the muscular-skeletal system in employees of the oil industry. Working conditions of employees of basic occupations are referred to the hazard Class 3.1 - 3.3. Significant physical exertion with the predominant load on the lumbar-sacral area, constrained posture, the exposure to the general vibration and adverse weather conditions contribute to the development of diseases of the muscular-skeletal and peripheral nervous system. The most perspective trend in solving problems of diseases of the muscular-skeletal system is the implementation of the complex of preventive measures including both primary and secondary prophylaxis.
Is Laccase Enzyme an Answer for Sustainable Thatch Management in Turfgrass Systems: A Review
Authors: Sidhu Sudeep Singh
Published: September 2019

Use of laccase enzyme as a potential technique to manage thatch layer in turfgrass systems has been investigated in recent years. Thatch layer is a layer of organic matter formed between the soil and the green turfgrass. Presence of lignin, a recalcitrant component of organic matter, acts as the rate limiting step in organic matter degradation. Detrimental effects of a thick layer of thatch has been well documented which merits its effective management. Several costly, labor intensive, and destructive cultural practices are in use by industry to effectively control thatch. The destructive nature of these cultural practices presented an opportunity to investigate non-destructive and ecofriendly methods to manage thatch. This article reviewed unique characteristics of laccase enzyme, its ability to effectively degrade lignin, and development of laccase as a potential technique to effectively manage thatch layer in turfgrass systems.
STAVOVI VASPITAČA I RODITELJA PREMA UČENJU O INTEGRALNOM ODRŽIVOM RAZVOJU U PREDŠKOLSKOM OBRAZOVANJU
Authors: Radović Svetlana , Marinković Lada
Published: September 2019

U radu su prikazani rezultati anketnog istraživanja stavova vaspitača i roditelja prema učenju o integralnom održivom razvoju u predškolskom obrazovanju. Integralni održivi razvoj je sveobuhvatan pojam koji podrazumeva ostvarenje ekološke, ekonomske, socijalne i kulturne održivosti. S obzirom da održivi razvoj pretpostavlja proaktivan odnos prema okruženju i da je rano obrazovanje ključno u razvijanju ovog odnosa, cilj istraživanja je bio da se sagleda odnos vaspitača kao prve karike u sistemu formalnog obrazovanja i roditelja kao direktnih modela za oblikovanje budućih obrazaca ponašanja dece, prema učenju o integralnom održivom razvoju na predškolskom uzrastu. Analiza je zasnovana na zainteresovanosti vaspitača i roditelja za pitanja održivog razvoja, njihovom poznavanju konstitutivnih elemenata integralnog održivog razvoja, izboru konkretnih tema kao prikladnih za učenje na predškolskom uzrastu, odnosu prema uvođenju učenja o integralnom održivom razvoju u predškolski program i percepciji aktera ovog procesa. Rezultati pokazuju da su vaspitači i roditelji zainteresovani za pitanja održivog razvoja, ali da ga ne poimaju kao integralnog. U njihovom shvatanju održivog razvoja dominiraju ekološka i delimično ekonomska i kulturna dimenzija. Procena potrebe uvođenja pojedinačnih tema iz integralnog održivog razvoja korespondira sa njihovim poimanjem održivog razvoja. Pozitivan rezultat ovog istraživanja jeste generalno pozitivan stav kako vaspitača tako i roditelja prema uvođenju učenja o integralnom održivom razvoju u predškolski program kao i uvid u značaj partnerstva svih relevantnih aktera za uspeh obrazovnog procesa i ostvarenja održivog društva.
L1 Literacy Practices’ Impact on L2 Text Organization
Authors: Sayidina Aisha
Published: September 2019

Situated within the Intercultural Rhetoric (IR) framework, this study uses text linguistic analysis of Arab students’ English academic papers to investigate the transfer of the Arabic language instruction practices into ESL written texts. The analysis involves a comparison of surface linguistic features (syntactic relations and cohesive devices) in a corpus of Arab students and English-speaking students’ papers. Furthermore, the Arabic and English-speaking students completed surveys about the skills emphasized in their L1 classrooms. It is believed that the methods of writing instruction in Arabic, which are influenced by diglossia, are transferred into ESL written texts. The results show that the Arabic speaking and English-speaking students’ texts exhibit differences at the rhetorical level. The characteristics of the ESL texts are similar to Arabic native texts which suggest a transfer of L1 learned writing methods into L2 texts. The findings from the linguistic analysis and the data obtained from the surveys are discussed with reference to Arabic teaching methodology, diglossia, orality, and learning experience transfer from Arabic into English.
Virus associated with thickening of the cladodes of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.)
Authors: Dzul Alba Suaste , Martinez Reyna Isabel Rojas , Martínez Daniel Ochoa , Mejía Emma Zavaleta , Brito Daisy Pérez , Juárez Camilo Hernández , Martínez Douglas Rodríguez
Published: September 2019

Symptoms putative to phytoplasmas and virus as yellowing, mosaic, proliferation and deformation of fruits and thickening of the cladodes of prickly pear have been observed in Nopaltepec, Estado de México. The objective of this investigation was to detect the presence of virus in samples of prickly pear showing thickening syndrome of the cladodes. The analysis of double-stranded RNA in prickly pear tissue whit the symptoms mentioned above revealed the presence of viral RNA. In symptomatic tissue, flexible rods of 950-1700 nm in length were observed with the aid of transmission electron microscopy. The virus was transmitted mechanically to Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi, N. glutinosa, N. occidentalis, N. benthamiana, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor and Datura stramonium. Results from RT-PCR indicate that the particle does not correspond to TMV, neither to member of the Potyviridae family or species of the genus Potexvirus.
Ação de diferentes enzimas na germinação de sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) - Asteraceae
Authors: Pimentel Marcos Antônio , Vasconcellos Maria Cristina , Penha Rafaela de Oliveira , Guerra Edson Perez , Da Silva André Luís Lopes
Published: September 2019

A germinação de sementes envolve o uso de diferentes enzimas no metabolismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes enzimas comerciais na germinação de sementes de alface. As sementes de alface foram imersas em uma solução de 300 mL de água destilada e 5,0 mL de solução enzimática durante uma hora. Os tratamentos consistiram nas soluções comerciais de enzimas: (1) Alcalase® e Celluclean® (catalisam a hidrólise de ligações peptídicas e ligações de beta 1,3 e 1,4 glucana presentes na celulose, respectivamente), (2) Pectinex® ( dilui a pectina de propósito, liberando açúcares), (3) Alcalase® (objetivo de catalisar ligações peptídicas), (4) Pectinex® e Alcalase® (objetivo de catalisar ligações peptídicas e liberar açúcares), (5) Alcalase® e Ban® ( objetivo de catalisar ligações peptídicas e hidrólise de ligações alfa 1,4 - dextrina formadora glucosídica, de preferência como produto), (6) Spirizyme® (enzima glucoamilase: glucana 1,4 alfa-glucosidase) e (7) controle (água destilada livre de enzimas ) Após o tratamento com as soluções enzimáticas, as sementes foram semeadas em placas de Petri contendo papel de filtro ou solo como substrato, ambos saturados com água destilada. As sementes de todos os tratamentos germinaram em quatro dias após a semeadura. A porcentagem de germinação das sementes em papel de filtro não mostrou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, mas a porcentagem de germinação mostrou diferenças estatísticas quando germinadas no solo. As maiores porcentagens de germinação no solo foram no tratamento controle (96,6%) e no tratamento com Pectinex® e Alcalase® (81,6%). A aplicação de enzimas industriais em sementes de alface não aumenta a velocidade e a porcentagem de germinação das sementes.
Inibição do crescimento de bactérias Gram-negativas em microdiluição por tratamento com Nisina e EDTA
Authors: Bordignon Junior Sidnei Emilio , Miyaoka Mitiyo Fukuda , Costa Jefferson da Luz , Benavente César Augusto Ticona , Couto Gustavo Henrique , Soccol Carlos Ricardo
Published: September 2019

A composição da membrana externa das bactérias Gram-negativas fornece mais resistência à ação dos agentes antimicrobianos da classe das bacteriocinas, em comparação às bactérias Gram-positivas, naturalmente mais suscetíveis. Com o objetivo de controlar a proliferação de Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Salmonella Typhimurium, foram realizados ensaios antimicrobianos com nisina como agente biocida (concentrações 123 a 1.111 AU mL-1) e EDTA como agente quelante, comparado a um Gram-positivo (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923) . As avaliações de suscetibilidade foram realizadas em microdiluição em caldo com meio Mueller-Hinton e inóculo com 106 UFC-1 de bactéria indicadora, e os resultados foram obtidos por leituras de densidade óptica (630 nm) em intervalos regulares durante o período de incubação. Observou-se que o EDTA é capaz de reduzir a viabilidade celular de P. aeruginosa. A bacteriocina nisina demonstrou ação antimicrobiana eficaz para quatro bactérias indicadoras, sob diferentes concentrações. Os tratamentos combinados de nisina + EDTA obtiveram altas taxas de inibição e a presença de EDTA foi significativa apenas para bactérias Gram-negativas. Assim, os tratamentos representaram estratégias eficazes para promover a inibição do crescimento celular durante ensaios de caldo de microdiluição.
Efeito dos óleos de citronela, eucalipto e composto citronelal sobre micoflora e desenvolvimento de plantas de milho
Authors: Brito Deyvid Rocha , Ootani Marcio Akio , Ramos Antônio Carlos Costa , Sertão Willian Costa , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de Sousa
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos óleos essenciais C. nardus, E. citriodora e composto citronelal da germinação associada à micoflora e milho inicial da planta (Zea Mays) nas doses de 5, 10 e 15% para todos os testes. A cultivar de milho utilizada foi XGN5320 e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Após a aplicação de doses definidas, a germinação foi avaliada no papel do germiteste na DBO. A avaliação da fitotoxicidade foi realizada em plantas cultivadas em vasos com aplicação direta nas plantas e nos sintomas observados 48 e 96 horas após a aplicação. Também avaliamos o tamanho das mudas e raízes. A matéria seca foi obtida após essas partes permanecerem na circulação forçada de ar dos gases. O efeito na micoflora das sementes foi observado pelo método Blotter. Os resultados mostraram que os óleos utilizados não eram seletivos para plantas de milho, causando danos graves no desenvolvimento inicial de fitotoxicidade dos mesmos, com consequente redução na massa seca e no comprimento da parte aérea (P <0,05). Os óleos inibiram dramaticamente os fungos transmitidos pelas sementes, Aspergillum ssp inibindo satisfatoriamente. e levado à incidência de Colletotrichum, Fusarium e Penicillium zero, com a dose mais alta (15%), indicando toxicidade para esses microrganismos. No entanto, mostrou atividade alelopática, afetando dramaticamente a germinação das sementes.
Hydroponics growth of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. on salt-stress mediated by sodium chloride
Authors: Silva André Luís Lopes da , Oliveira Yohana de , Dibax Roberson , Costa Jefferson da Luz , Scheidt Gessiel Newton , Machado Marilia Pereira , Guerra Edson Perez , Brondani Gilvano Ebling , Alves Sergio Augusto Oliveira
Published: September 2019

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of two clones of Eucalyptus saligna on salt-stress mediated by NaCl in hydroponics. Micropropagated plants of the clones p0 and p1 were acclimatizated and cultivated in hydroponics at 0 and 300 mM NaCl levels. The total length, volume, number, fresh mass and dry mass of the roots, the height, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and the fresh  and dry mass of the complete plant were evaluated to the 14 days of hydroponic culture with NaCl. There were significant differences among the clones. The clone p0 was superior to the clone p1 in relation to volume of the roots, root number, root fresh mass and total fresh mass of the root. Regards the effect of the salinity on the plants, significant reduction was observed in the height of the aerial part, fresh mass of the aerial part and the total fresh mass. Even so, the interaction between the clones and the concentrations of NaCl was significant for the total fresh mass. In the period of 14 days of hydroponic culture on 300 mM NaCl was possible to discriminate these two clones in relation to the tolerance and susceptibility to the salt stress. The clone p0 presented higher growth and larger tolerance to the salinity than clone p1.
Avaliação de método convencional e digestão úmida para determinação de níveis de Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Mg, Zn, Ca, Mo e Se em amostras secas de tomates orgânicos (Solanum lycopersicum L.) por Absorção Atômica de Chama (FAAS)
Authors: Vila Nova Paulo César Cavalcante , Arruda Eduardo José , De Oliveira Lincoln Carlos Silva , Dos Santos Gemima , Roel Antônia Railda , Stropa Jusinei Meireles
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da digestão e extração de minerais em tomates orgânicos por espectrometria atômica. Os níveis de Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Mg, Zn, Ca, Mo e Se em sete amostras orgânicas de tomate seco (Solanum lycopersicum L.) foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama. As condições de dissolução no método de digestão úmida foram estudadas através da investigação de várias variáveis, incluindo o tipo de mistura ácida e o volume e tempo de digestão. Também foi feita uma comparação com os métodos convencionais de secagem a seco. Para verificar as perdas dos elementos durante a digestão e a precisão dos resultados, todos os testes foram repetidos com análise estatística. O método de digestão com ácido nítrico-perclórico foi eficiente para Ca, Mg, Se e Zn. O procedimento de extração com ácido clorídrico foi semelhante à digestão com ácido nítrico-perclórico e a digestão com ácido nítrico-perclórico foi equivalente à cinzas secas convencionais para o Mn. Para o Cu e Mo, os métodos convencionais de secagem a seco foram mais eficientes. Para os métodos convencionais de cinzas a seco do Ca, não houve diferença significativa para a digestão com ácido nítrico-perclórico. As extrações com ácido clorídrico são prometidas, práticas e simples, com menores riscos para o manuscrito e contaminações ambientais.
Glyphosate: Its Environmental Persistence and Impact on Crop Health and Nutrition
Authors: Kanissery Ramdas , Gairhe Biwek , Kadyampakeni Davie , Batuman Ozgur , Alferez Fernando
Published: September 2019

Glyphosate-based herbicide products are the most widely used broad-spectrum herbicides in the world for post-emergent weed control. There are ever-increasing concerns that glyphosate, if not used judiciously, may cause adverse non-target impacts in agroecosystems. The purpose of this brief review is to present and discuss the state of knowledge with respect to its persistence in the environment, possible effects on crop health, and impacts on crop nutrition.
Functional Mobility and Basic Motor Skills in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and its Relation to the Anthropometrical Status and Body Composition Parameters
Authors: Matusik Edyta , Augustak Aldona , Durmala Jacek
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have many potential factors (spasticity, immobilization, glucocorticoids use) which can deteriorate the anthropometrical status and body composition and may have the potential impact on the functional mobility and basic motor skills improvement after physiotherapy. The aim of the study was to assess the functional mobility and basic motor skills in patients with MS and to correlate them with disability and anthropometrical status and body composition parameters. Materials and Methods: Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed in 36 patients with MS before and after 4 weeks of physiotherapy. Body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (W/HtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed in this group. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and fat mass (FAT), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW) and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were expressed as percentage of body mass. Clinical status was assessed by EDSS and AI scales. Results: After physiotherapy, there was a significant improvement in functional mobility and basic motor skills assessed by total distance in 6MWT (p<0.001) and in TUG trials (p<0.001). Positive significant correlations were found between the results obtained in both tests (either before and after physiotherapy) vs. FFM, TBW and PMM, whilst worse results in functional mobility and basic motor skills correlated significantly with higher WHtR, WHR and FAT (p<0.05). Clinical status (EDSS) were significantly related to the WHtR and body composition parameters with the same manner as the results in the either 6MWT and TUG. However, there were no significant relationships between BMI vs. either clinical status (EDSS, AI) and functional mobility tests results in patients with MS. Conclusions: Functional mobility and basic motor skills may be significantly improved during the physiotherapy, but they are related to the anthropometrical status and body composition of MS patients. Moreover, disability status is also significantly related to this parameters. Body composition deterioration seems to be the important target for the therapeutic intervention in MS patients. For proper nutritional status assessment in patients with MS, body composition analysis or WHtR instead BMI should to be used.
TILAPIA CULTIVATED IN A LOW-SALINITY BIOFLOC SYSTEM SUPPLEMENTED WITH Chlorella vulgaris AND DIFFERENTS MOLASSES APPLICATION RATES
Authors: De Lima Priscila Celes Maciel , Silva Luis Otavio Brito , Abreu Jéssika de Lima , Cabral da Silva Suzianny Maria Bezerra , Severi William , Gálvez Alfredo Oliveira
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris and molasses application rates on water quality, zootechnical performance, proximate composition and health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings cultivated in low-salinity (10 g L-1) biofloc systems. Four treatments were tested in a factorial design (supplemented with microalgae and molasses application rates): BFT-C30 (Biofloc supplemented with C. vulgaris and molasses application rates of 30% of the total daily feed); BFT-30 (Biofloc with molasses application rates of 30% of the total daily feed); BFT-C50 (Biofloc supplemented with C. vulgaris and molasses application rates of 50% of the total daily feed) and BFT-50 (Biofloc with molasses application rates of 50% of the total daily feed), for 70 days. Fingerlings of O. niloticus (initial mean weight of 3.15 Â± 0.5 g) were stocked at a density of 680 fish m-3 in experimental units (50L), where 50% of this volume was biofloc previously matured. Throughout the experiment, they were supplemented with C. vulgaris every five days at the concentration of 5x104 cells mL-1. A significant interaction between supplementation with C. vulgaris and molasses application rates for final weight and length, survival, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, water consumption, protein efficiency ratio, sedimentation time, planktonic community and hematological indices were observed. The results indicated that the high molasses application rates (50%) in the biofloc system affects the zootechnical performance, water consumption, sedimentation time and the hematological indices of the Nile Tilapia fingerlings, hampering their development. Therefore, molasses application rates of 30% of the total daily feed for the tilapia fingerlings culture in low-salinity biofloc system is recommended.
MARICULTURE IMPACTS ON THE BENTHONIC ICTHYOFAUNA OF ITAGUÁ BAY, UBATUBA, SOUTHEAST BRAZIL
Authors: Kuhnen Vanessa Villanova , Costa Leticia de Góis , Raiol Kleper de Lima , De Sousa Otávio Mesquita , Sanches Eduardo Gomes
Published: September 2019

Due to the decline of fishing stocks, aquaculture has been expanding throughout the world. Taking into account the possibility of conflicts of aquacultural activities in areas of environmental protection, this study aims at assessing the effects of mariculture upon the local ichthyofauna of Itaguá Bay in Ubatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil, which is within a marine protection area. In order to do so, the fish community was analyzed in areas with mussels and macroalgae farms and in areas without any maricultural activities. After six months of sampling efforts, 230 individuals were captured from 19 different species and 15 families. There was no difference in catchability, richness, diversity, and evenness among the areas. Nevertheless, the species composition was distinct in areas where mussels were farmed. These areas have presented twice as much fish biomass than the others. Based on these results, we can observe that the environmental alterations caused by mussel farming, are sources of habitat complexity, hence able to enrich the marine fauna of the region. Thus, we conclude that mariculture, specifically mussel farming, has a positive impact on ichthyofauna, contributing to biodiversity maintenance in protected areas.
HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE HYBRID SERRASALMIDS FARMED IN CENTRAL-WESTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Brum Aline , Ventura Arlene Sobrinho , Pádua Santiago Benites , Ishikawa Márcia Mayumi , Martins Maurício Laterça , Jerônimo Gabriela Tomas
Published: September 2019

This study evaluated the hematological parameters of tambacu and patinga, two the hybrid serrasalmid fishes farmed in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with emphasis on the influence of seasons on them. Two-hundred forty hybrid fishes, 120 tambacus and 120 patingas, were collected over 12 months to assess their hematological parameters and compare them between the warm (October-March) and cold seasons (April-September). Water quality parameters were also measured weekly to test for the influence of environmental conditions on the results. The dissolved oxygen content in the water decreased in the warm season, and increased in the cold season. In the warm season, tambacus presented significantly higher values (p<0.05) of the total plasmatic protein (TPP), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophil count parameters. In the cold season, counts of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were higher in tambacus (p<0.05). For patinga, MCV was higher in the warm season, while hemoglobin, erythrocytes, MCHC, total leukocytes, and basophil counts were higher (p<0.05) in the cold season. These results demonstrated the influences of seasonality on the hematological parameters of the hybrids tambacu and patinga when held under normal farming conditions in the region.
PRE-NURSERY OF SHRIMP POST-LARVAE REARED IN BIOFLOC SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES
Authors: Rezende Priscila Costa , Schleder Delano Dias , Seiffert Walter Quadros , Andreatta Edemar Roberto , Vieira Felipe Nascimento
Published: September 2019

This study evaluated different stocking densities during pre-nursery of Pacific white shrimp postââ‚¬"˜larvae (PL) reared in a biofloc system. The tanks (60 L) were stocked with PL stage 5 (PL 5) under five densities (80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 PLs L-1), in triplicate, resulting in 15 experimental units. PLs were fed nine times a day using commercial feed. Molasses was added in all treatments four times a day at an average carbon: nitrogen ratio of 14.7: 1. The experiment was carried out until the PLs reached PL 20 stage, and during this time, water quality variables, survival, weight gain and survival to salinity stress were all evaluated. For treatments above 100 PLs L-1, total suspended solids were higher than recommended (700 mg L-1). Also, the treatment with 160 PL L-1 had higher total ammonia nitrogen peaks (>10 mg L-1), resulting in lower survival in this treatment. No differences were observed between treatments in the other performance parameters evaluated (final weight and survival to salinity stress). It was concluded that pre-nursery of Pacific white shrimp can be performed using densities up to 140 post-larvae L-1 in a biofloc system without compromising shrimp growth performance.
PENGARUH PALM SUGAR SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SUKROSA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SNACK BAR TEPUNG KOMPOSIT (UBI UNGU, JAGUNG KUNING DAN KACANG TUNGGAK) SEBAGAI SNACK RENDAH KALORI
Authors: Listyaningrum Christi Eva , Affandi Dian Rachmawanti , Zaman M. Zukhrufuz
Published: September 2019

Trend snack which circulate in sociate contain sugar content, salt and high calories. This has resulted in adverse effects on public health, such as increased degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus and increased obesity due to the high number of calories and sugar content in snacks which was consumed daily. The aim of this researchto investigate the effect of palm sugar on the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics snackbar of composite flour (sweet potato, y and cowpea) as an alternative to natural sweetener substitute which has low calories sugar and safe for the body on snacks ) that can be consumed by the community in the long-term The experimental design in this study used Completely Randomized Design (CAD) with one factor in the different concentrations of palm sugar and refined sugar (15%: 0%, 10%: 5%, 5%: 10% and 0%: 15%). The data was processed statistically using One Way Anova with significance level of 5%. The result of this research showed that variation of usage palm sugar take an effect to physical, chemical and sensory characteristic snackbar of composite flour which was resulted snackbar F1 (15% palm sugar) has a low calories (3.98 Kkal/g) than F2, F3 and F4 with variation of usage palm sugar and refined sugar has 4.17 Kkal/g.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Subkonsep Invertebrata dengan Media Film di SMA
Authors: Fawaida Ulya
Published: September 2019

Pembelajaran invertebrata adalah pembelajaran abstrak karena guru tidak mampu membawa hewan invertebrata pada saat pelajaran. Untuk itu peneliti mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran dengan media film agar dapat menentukan apakah perangkat tersebut dikembangkan secara efektif dalam pembelajaran subkonsep invertebrata di sekolah menengah atas. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan subjek siswa dan guru. Kami subjek penelitian uji coba terbatas dan uji coba skala besar. Dalam uji coba terbatas menggunakan kelompok Karya Ilmiah Pemuda (KIR), yang berjumlah 20 siswa dan uji coba skala besar menggunakan dua kelas yaitu kelas XA dan XB. Untuk menentukan efektivitas pembelajaran gunakan hasil belajar dan indikator kegiatan siswa.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan media secara efektif dalam pengajaran subkonsep film Invertebrata di SMA. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil belajar siswa yang telah mencapai indikator yang telah ditentukan yaitu ketuntasan belajar 100% pada skala terbatas dan pada skala luas 88, 37% (di kelas A) dan 97,90% (di kelas B). Aktivitas siswa menunjukkan lebih dari 75% termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi, sedangkan penilaian ahli terhadap media menunjukkan bahwa 76% media yang layak digunakan dan aspek materi media cukup layak untuk digunakan (46%).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran sub konsep invertebrata pada siswa SMA.
PEMANFAATAN ALAT DAN BAHAN DARI LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SEDERHANA MATA PELAJARAN IPA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA MTS MUWAHIDUN GEMBONG
Authors: Noor Faiq Makhdum , Prasetyo Dody Rahayu , Fawaida Ulya
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain dan menghasilkan media pembelajaran sederhana mata pelajaran IPA menggunakan  alat dan bahan dari lingkungan sekitar, serta meningkatkan motivasi siswa MTs Muwahidun. Metode pengumpulan data pada penilitian ini ada empat, yaitu: 1) studi pustaka, 2) observasi, 3) wawancara, dan 4) angket. Model 4D digunakan dalam pengembangan penelitian ini yang terdiri atas tahapan: 1) Difine, 2) Design, 3) Develop, 4) Disseminate. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu: 1) media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran dan 2) dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran, motivasi siswa meningkat. Hal ini didasarkan dari 1) media pembelajaran dinyatakan layak oleh ahli, 2)ketersediaan alat dan bahan dalam  pembuatan media pembelajaran sangat memadai, 3)  media pembelajaran yang dibuat bersifat konkret sesuai dengan umur siswa MTs dan sesuai dengan KI-KD pada kurikulum 2013, dan 4) media pembelajaran menarik dan mudah dipahami.
SCIENCEPRENEURSHIP MAHASISWA PRODI IPA PADA MATA KULIAH PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI DASAR
Authors: Fawaida Ulya , Budhi Henry Setya , Zannah Ullum Miftaqul
Published: September 2019

Pada era yang terus berkembang mahasiswa dituntut berdaya kreatif dan inovatif serta, dapat menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan untuk mengurangi angka pengangguran. Pada penelitian ini dosen berusaha menumbuhkan minat berwirausaha mahasiswa dengan menggunakan pendekatan sciencepreneurship pada mata kuliah Praktikum Biologi Dasar. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan data kuantitatif  yang di prosentasekan kemudian dianalisis dan dinarasikan. Populasi pada penelitian ini mahasisa Tadris IPA kelas A dan kelas B yang datanya diambil secara acak, terdiri dari 25 mahasiswa. Pendekatan sciencepreneurship dapat diterapkan pada materi biotekonologi konvensional yaitu pada pembuatan tempe dan yogurt. Pada pendekatan pembelajaran ini memberikan pengalaman yang bermanfaat diantaranya selalu berpikir positif, bekerja keras dan cerdas, kerjasama tim, berfikir kritis, sikap pantang menyerah, kreatif, membuktikan proses sains dan fakta lapangan serta, menumbuhkan minat menjadi seorang entrepreur.
Microgravity Mapping of an Inception Doline Shaft System
Authors: Hutchinson Peter J. , Balog Alexander , Hoover Shad E.
Published: September 2019

Reactivation of an inception doline shaft system through anthropogenic actions, precipitation, and possibly seismic activity induced subsidence in a hospital emergency room that was under construction in State College, PA. The convergence of Tropical Storm Lee and Hurricane Irene is interpreted to have caused the building's brick edifice to fall and induce vertical shifts in the reinforced concrete entrance floor slab. Microgravity mapping of the existing hospital emergency room entrance; the emergency room building under construction; and the parking lot in front of the emergency room entrance documented the presence of a doline shaft system (i.e., inter-connected sinkhole). Groundwork for the construction of the new emergency room included grading and leveling of the property. Surface water runoff entered the construction site from a parking lot that sloped toward the addition and to a non-functioning stormwater inlet. The grading for the new construction exposed an open fracture for surface runoff. Subsequent channeling of surface water to the conduit provided drainage for surface runoff, but it also initiated subsidence throughout the existing structure and the addition that was under construction. Engineering rehabilitation included a limited mobility (LM) grout program to plug subsoil fracture karren drainage systems and stabilize the surface. Drilling progressed in four stages, initially focusing on areas of greatest subsidence. In total, 60 injection points were completed to a mean depth of 24 m below grade in an area measuring approximately 370 m2. During LM grouting, 867 m3 of a sand-and-cement grout mixture were injected to stabilize the area.