bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSVI-23 Effects of Creep-Feeding Supplementation on Growth Performance of Nellore Calves and Milk Yield of Dams
Authors: Sousa Luciana Melo , Garcia Anna Lidia Francino , de Queiroz Amanda Caroliny Marques , Bisio Gustavo Henrique Maciel , de Porcionato Marco Aurélio Felício , de Resende Flávio Dutra , Siqueira Gustavo Rezende
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of creep-feeding on growth performance of beef calves and milk yield of dams, during nursing phase. The experiment lasted 170 days, from December/2021 to May/2022, the calves were born in September/2021 and creep-feeding supplementation started from approximately 70 days of life until weaning. The experimental design used was a randomized block [blocked by body weight (BW) of calves]. The experimental units were the paddocks (8 units per treatment, and ten replicates per paddock), totalling 156 pairs cow/calf (86 pairs of male calves and 70 pairs of female calves). The treatments consisted of creep-feeding or not creep-feeding the calves: control treatment (CONT; mineral supplement ad libitum) and creep-feeding treatment (CREEP; energetic protein supplement; 5 g/kg of BW· animal-1· /day-1). There was mineral supplement ad libitum for all the dams. The pairs cow/calf were kept in an area of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The data were analyzed using the SAS PROC MIXED. Male calves subjected to CONT showed less BW (-15 kg) at weaning and decreased average daily gain (ADG; -100g/day) until weaning (P < 0.01; Figure 1), while female calves showed no difference in BW and ADG (P > 0.12; Figure 2). The dams did not show difference in milk yield until weaning (P > 0.27) for male and female calves (Figure 3). This difference in results related to gender is explained by the fact that there are differences in the performance of males and females, mainly due to hormonal issues. Usually, females are born lighter than males and tend to have decreased performance throughout the whole production cycle. For milk yield and performance of dams, our results agree with what is found in the literature. There are some studies which also evaluated milk production of dams when the offspring were creep-fed, and found similar milk yield for those whose offspring received supplement in relation to those who did not receive it. This is likely because calves prefer milk, supplement, and forage, in that order, so it seems unlikely that calves would replace milk with supplements. And these results show us that the difference in the BW at weaning of males was caused by the creep-feeding supplementation.
PSVI-27 Evaluation of Coated and Non-Coated Seed Species Pertinent to the Great Basin in Response to in Vitro Ruminal Incubation
Authors: Holton Graham , Silva Aghata , Franco Arturo Macias , Richardson William , Stringham Tamzen , Brody Tio , Mazza Pedro , Madsen Matthew , Fonseca Mozart A
Published: November 2023

Target grazing has exhibited itself as an effective method of invasive weed mitigation across degraded rangelands in the Great Basin. Additionally, if the seeds of target species are supplemented into the diets of ruminants, they can serve as vectors for the dispersal of native seed species through fecal pats, which may prove to be a useful tactic for rangeland rehabilitation. However, a challenge associated with seed supplementation, is that the seeds of many target species are sufficiently degraded in the rumen. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed coating technologies on germination rates post ruminal in vitro incubation. In vitro incubations were performed on seven species of seeds pertinent to the Great Basin: Achnatherum hymenoides (ACHY), Achillea millefolium (ACMI), Agropyron cristatum (AGCR), Atriplex canascens (ATCA), Elymus elymoides (ELEL), Pseudoregneria spicata (PSSP), and Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (SPRT) uncoated (control) or coated with either Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or PVP+ ethocel, as well as uncoated Bromus tectorum (BRTE) seeds. A Daisy II incubator (Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY) was used for the in vitro analysis with rumen inoculum from two rumen-cannulated crossbred Angus steers (body weight = 910.5 ± 34.5 kg) and a buffer ratio of 1:4. Two F57 filter bags containing 1 g of seeds per treatment (control, PVP or PVP+ethocel) were then placed inside of the Daisy II incubator and kept at 39°C for 12 and 24 h for the control treatments, and for 12, 24, and 48 h for the PVP and PVP+ethocel coating treatments. For uncoated seeds, ACHY germination by 24 h was greater when compared with 0 h (P < 0.05), whereas ATCA germination rate decreased linearly by 12 h (P < 0.05). No differences were observed over time on germination rates of BRTE, as well as all of the other uncoated seeds (P > 0.05). When seeds were coated with PVP, ATCA germination rates started to linearly decrease by 12 h (P < 0.05), whereas PVP coated ACMI germination rates only started to decrease by 24 h (P < 0.05). The germination rates of PVP coated ELEL and PSSP seeds only started to significantly decrease by 48 h (P < 0.05). When coated with PVP+ethocel, the observed germination rates were similar to those observed for PVP coated seeds. However, when compared with uncoated seeds, coating with PVP+ethocel seem to decrease germination rates of ACMI and ATCA by 0 h (P < 0.05). No changes on germination rates were observed over time for coated and uncoated AGCR and SPRT (P > 0.05). In conclusion, seed germination rates after in vitro incubation were not increased by coating the seeds with PVP or PVP+ethocel.
PSXIII-17 Feeding Sorghum Silage: Effects of Grain Processing on Intake and Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Backgrounding Beef Heifers
Authors: Abdelhadi Leandro O , Mattioli Guillermo , DiLorenzo Nicolas
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the effect of processing sorghum silage (SS) at harvest on dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. A dual-purpose sorghum (ADV2450IG, Advanta seeds, Irving, TX) was harvested (Claas Jaguar 930, Harsewinkel, Germany) at the late-dough stage of grain maturity and processed (PRO) or not (NPR) with a specific SS cracker (196 mm rolls of 125 teeth each, 40% speed differential, 1.1 mm roll gap). Whole-plant was chopped at 15 mm and ensiled in polyethylene ag-bags (60 m long and 2.74 m diameter) for 60 d until the beginning of a performance trial which was followed by the digestibility trial. From a performance trial with eight heifers/pen and 12 pens total (six per treatment), one heifer (13 ± 1.5 mo and 251,4 ± 36.3 kg of BW) by pen was randomly selected for the digestibility trial. Two backgrounding diets containing (DM basis), 90.5% SS either PRO or NPR, 6.5% soybean meal (expeller) and 3% supplement (ROC90, Provimi, Argentina); continued to be offered ad libitum for an extra 3 d of adaptation, while feed and feces were collected the next 4 d. Feed was individually offered once daily, and orts were collected the following day. Fecal samples were collected twice daily and apparent total tract digestibility was determined using uNDF240h as a marker. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit, and initial BW as a covariate. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake tended (P > 0.07) to be greater, while starch intake was greater (P < 0.03) for the NPR treatment. intake of NDF, ADF and CP were not affected by treatments. No differences (P > 0.10) were detected for DM, OM, NDF, ADF and CP digestibility, while starch digestibility was greater (P < 0.001) by processing (93.55 vs. 86.48 for PRO and NPR, respectively). In conclusion, processing sorghum silage at harvest increased apparent total tract digestibility of starch when SS was fed to backgrounding beef heifers.
Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) intoxication symptoms indicate the postharvest presence of broflanilide residues in soil collected from potato fields
Authors: van Herk Willem G , Warren Ralph L , Bailey Terisha
Published: November 2023

Wireworms are primary pests of potatoes in Canada with relatively few effective control options. Recently, a new meta-diamide insecticide, broflanilide, was registered in Canada and the United States as an in-furrow spray applied at planting that provides protection of tubers from feeding damage and dramatically reduces wireworm populations. As part of our routine screening of wireworm response to novel insecticides, we exposed wireworms (predominantly Agriotes obscurus; N=2320) to field soil collected from plots to which either bifenthrin (Capture 2EC) or broflanilide (Cimegra) had been applied at registered rates 124–145 and 314–335 days previously in 2018, 2019, and 2021. Wireworm behavioral responses were assessed using a previously developed numerical scale, and indicated residues were present in sufficient quantity in all broflanilide and most bifenthrin-treated plots to induce morbidity. Transfer of affected wireworms to untreated soil indicated morbidity was generally reversible after exposure to bifenthrin, but not after exposure to broflanilide. There was an inverse relation between wireworm size and the degree of morbidity induced by exposure to broflanilide, but not bifenthrin. Analyses of soil residues indicated readily quantifiable levels of broflanilide still present in undisturbed (not harvested) field soil 314–335 days after application. Insecticide residues in soil samples from disturbed (harvested) sections of the potato plots were lower, as was the degree of morbidity of wireworms exposed to this soil. The use of wireworms as bioindicators of insecticide residues, and the implications of insecticide persistence for wireworm management are discussed.
Characterization of the off-flavor from Pichia pastoris GS115 during the overexpression of an α-l-rhamnosidase
Authors: Yao YuXuan , Zheng ShengLan , Chi ShiLin , Chen Feng , Cai Ning , Cai ZhenZhen , Li Zhipeng , Ni Hui
Published: November 2023

The off-flavor of Pichia pastoris strains is a negative characteristic of proteins overexpressed with this yeast. In the present study, P. pastoris GS115 overexpressing an α-l-rhamnosidase was taken as the example to characterize the off-flavor via sensory evaluation, gas chromatography–mass spectrometer, gas chromatography–olfaction, and omission test. The result showed that the off-flavor was due to the strong sweaty note, and moderate metallic and plastic notes. Four volatile compounds, that is, tetramethylpyrazine, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, isovaleric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid, were identified to be major contributors to the sweaty note. Dodecanol and 2-acetylbutyrolactone were identified to be contributors to the metallic and plastic notes, respectively. It is the first study on the off-flavor of P. pastoris strains, helping understand metabolites with off-flavor of this yeast. Interestingly, it is the first study illustrating 2-acetylbutyrolactone and dodecanol with plastic and metallic notes, providing new information about the aromatic contributors of biological products.

Importance

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an important host for the industrial expression of functional proteins. In our previous studies, P. pastoris strains have been sniffed with a strong off-flavor during the overexpression of various functional proteins, limiting the application of these proteins. Although many yeast strains have been reported with off-flavor, no attention has been paid to characterize the off-flavor in P. pastoris so far. Considering that P. pastoris has advantages over other established expression systems of functional proteins, it is of interest to identify the compounds with off-flavor synthesized in the overexpression of functional proteins with P. pastoris strains. In this study, the off-flavor synthesized from P. pastoris GS115 was characterized during the overexpression of an α-l-rhamnosidase, which helps understand the aromatic metabolites with off-flavor of P. pastoris strains. In addition, 2-acetylbutyrolactone and dodecanol were newly revealed with plastic and metallic notes, enriching the aromatic contributors of biological products. Thus, this study is important for understanding the metabolites with off-flavor of P. pastoris strains and other organisms, providing important knowledge to improve the flavor of products yielding with P. pastoris strains and other organisms.

One-Sentence Summary

Characterize the sensory and chemical profile of the off-flavor produced by one strain of P. pastoris in vitro.
Critical reflections on Sri Lanka’s new sui generis geographical indication registration system
Authors: Marsoof Althaf
Published: November 2023

This article critically evaluates the Intellectual Property (Amendment) Act 2022, which introduced a sui generis registration system for geographical indications (GIs) in Sri Lanka. The analysis begins by examining the pre-2022 law and the factors leading to the introduction of the GI registration system. The article then outlines the key features of the new system, highlighting its strengths and shortcomings through a critical analysis. While the 2022 amendment brings positive developments and enhanced protection for registered GIs, it also reveals certain ambiguities and unaddressed issues, which could impair the effective operation of the new system.
Sex differences in cancer incidence among solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Jackson Sarah S , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Hsieh Mei-Chin , Li Jie , Madeleine Margaret M , Pawlish Karen S , Zeng Yun , Yu Kelly J , Engels Eric A
Published: November 2023

Background

Males have 2–3-fold greater risk of cancer than females at most shared anatomic sites, possibly reflecting enhanced immune surveillance against cancer in females. We examined whether these sex differences remained among immunocompromised adults.

Methods

Using the Transplant Cancer Match (TCM) study, we estimated the male-to-female incidence rate ratio in TCM (M:F IRRTransplant) for 15 cancer sites diagnosed between 1995 and 2017 using Poisson regression. Male to female IRRs in the general population (M:F IRRGP) were calculated using expected cancer counts from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, standardized to the transplant population on age, race and ethnicity, and diagnosis year. Male to female IRRs were compared using a chi-square test.

Results

Among 343 802 solid organ transplants, 211 206 (61.4%) were among men and 132 596 (38.6%) among women. An excess cancer incidence in males was seen in transplant recipients, but the sex difference was attenuated for cancers of the lip (M:F IRRTransplant: 1.81 vs M:F IRRGP: 3.96; P < .0001), stomach (1.51 vs 2.09; P = .002), colorectum (0.98 vs 1.43; P < .0001), liver (2.39 vs 3.44; P = .002), kidney (1.67 vs 2.24; P < .0001), bladder (2.02 vs 4.19; P < .0001), Kaposi sarcoma (1.79 vs 3.26; P = .0009), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1.34 vs 1.64; P < .0001). The M:F IRRTransplant was not statistically different from the M:F IRRGP for other cancer sites.

Conclusions

Although male solid organ transplant recipients have higher cancer incidence than female recipients, the attenuation in the male to female ratio for many cancers studied relative to the general population might suggest the importance of immunosurveillance, with some loss of advantage in female recipients due to immunosuppression after transplantation.
High-throughput digital quantification of Alzheimer disease pathology and associated infrastructure in large autopsy studies
Authors: Kapasi Alifiya , Poirier Jennifer , Hedayat Ahmad , Scherlek Ashley , Mondal Srabani , Wu Tiffany , Gibbons John , Barnes Lisa L , Bennett David A , Leurgans Sue E , Schneider Julie A
Published: November 2023

High-throughput digital pathology offers considerable advantages over traditional semiquantitative and manual methods of counting pathology. We used brain tissue from 5 clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging; the Religious Orders Study, the Rush Memory and Aging Project, the Minority Aging Research Study, the African American Clinical Core, and the Latino Core to (1) develop a workflow management system for digital pathology processes, (2) optimize digital algorithms to quantify Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, and (3) harmonize data statistically. Data from digital algorithms for the quantification of β-amyloid (Aβ, n = 413) whole slide images and tau-tangles (n = 639) were highly correlated with manual pathology data (r = 0.83 to 0.94). Measures were robust and reproducible across different magnifications and repeated scans. Digital measures for Aβ and tau-tangles across multiple brain regions reproduced established patterns of correlations, even when samples were stratified by clinical diagnosis. Finally, we harmonized newly generated digital measures with historical measures across multiple large autopsy-based studies. We describe a multidisciplinary approach to develop a digital pathology pipeline that reproducibly identifies AD neuropathologies, Aβ load, and tau-tangles. Digital pathology is a powerful tool that can overcome critical challenges associated with traditional microscopy methods.
δ13C of bulk organic matter and cellulose reveal post-photosynthetic fractionation during ontogeny in C4 grass leaves
Authors: Yu Yong Zhi , Liu Hai Tao , Yang Fang , Li Lei , Schäufele Rudi , Tcherkez Guillaume , Schnyder Hans , Gong Xiao Ying
Published: November 2023

The 13C isotope composition (δ13C) of leaf dry matter is a useful tool for physiological and ecological studies. However, how post-photosynthetic fractionation associated with respiration and carbon export influences δ13C remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of post-photosynthetic fractionation on δ13C of mature leaves of Cleistogenes squarrosa, a perennial C4 grass, in controlled experiments with different levels of vapour pressure deficit and nitrogen supply. With increasing leaf age class, the 12C/13C fractionation of leaf organic matter relative to the δ13C of atmosphere CO2 (ΔDM) increased while that of cellulose (Δcel) was almost constant. The divergence between ΔDM and Δcel increased with leaf age class, with a maximum value of 1.6‰, indicating the accumulation of post-photosynthetic fractionation. Applying a new mass balance model that accounts for respiration and export of photosynthates, we found an apparent 12C/13C fractionation associated with carbon export of –0.5‰ to –1.0‰. Different ΔDM among leaves, pseudostems, daughter tillers, and roots indicate that post-photosynthetic fractionation happens at the whole-plant level. Compared with ΔDM of old leaves, ΔDM of young leaves and Δcel are more reliable proxies for predicting physiological parameters due to the lower sensitivity to post-photosynthetic fractionation and the similar sensitivity in responses to environmental changes.
Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in the UK: comparison of single vs. pooled samples from healthy pigs
Authors: Deza-Cruz Iñaki , Vilar María J , Velasova Martina , AbuOun Manal , Anjum Muna F , Smith Richard P
Published: November 2023

This study compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli detected from single samples vs. pooled samples at herd level. The national monitoring dataset included isolates from one sample per pig holding, whereas the research study included isolates from pooled samples of 10 pigs per holding. In both datasets, caecal samples were collected from healthy pigs randomly selected at slaughterhouses and plated on non-selective and antibiotic selective media. Resistance against a panel of nine antibiotics was compared between datasets by generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs) and by bootstrapped generalized linear model (GLM) to account for pooling. The highest proportion of resistant E. coli was observed against tetracycline and ampicillin in both datasets. In non-selective media, single and pooled samples showed similar results, but the bootstrapped GLM detected significantly lower resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid in the national dataset. In selective media, a significantly greater proportion of resistant isolates was observed in the research dataset for ceftazidime (OR: 0.05, 95%CI = 0.01–0.42) and nalidixic acid (OR: 0.15, 95%CI = 0.05–0.51). The results suggest that one sample per holding provides similar information on AMR at herd level as pooled samples for most of the tested antibiotics, although less resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and nalidixic acid was detected.
Predicting astrometric microlensing events from Gaia Data Release 3
Authors: Su Jie , Wang Jiancheng , Zhang Yigong , Cheng Xiangming , Yang Lei
Published: November 2023

Currently, astrometric microlensing is the only tool that can directly measure the mass of a single star; it can also help us to detect compact objects such as isolated neutron stars and black holes. The number of microlensing events that are being predicted and reported is increasing. In this paper, potential lens stars are selected from three types of stars: high-proper-motion stars, nearby stars, and high-mass stars. For each potential lens star, we select a larger search scope to find possible matching sources and to avoid missing events as much as possible. Using data from Gaia Data Release 3, we predict 4500 astrometric microlensing events with δθ+ > 0.1 mas, which occur between J2010.0 and J2070.0, where 1664 events are different from those found previously. There are 293 lens stars that can cause two or more events, where five lens stars can cause more than 50 events. We find that 116 events have the distance of background stars from the proper motion path of lens stars more than 8 arcsec in the reference epoch, where the maximum distance is 16${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$6. Thus, the cone search method of expanding the search range of sources for each potential lens star can reduce the possibility of missing events.
An explanation of GRB Fermi-LAT flares and high-energy photons in stratified afterglows
Authors: Fraija Nissim , Betancourt Kamenetskaia Boris , Galván-Gámez Antonio , Veres Peter , Becerra Rosa L , Dichiara Simone , Dainotti Maria G , Lizcano Francisco , Aguilar-Ruiz Edilberto
Published: November 2023

The second Fermi/LAT gamma-ray burst (GRB) Catalogue (2FLGC) spanning the first decade of operations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) collaboration was recently released. The closure relations of the synchrotron forward shock (FS) model are not able to reproduce a sizeable portion of the afterglow-phase light curves in this collection, indicating that there may be a large contribution from some other mechanism. Recently, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) light curves from the reverse shock (RS) regions were derived in the thick- and thin-shell regimes for a constant-density medium, and it was demonstrated that analytical light curves could explain the GeV flare observed in several bursts from 2FLGC, including GRB 160509A. Here, we generalize the SSC RS scenario from the constant density to a stratified medium, and show that this contribution helps to describe the early light curves exhibited in some Fermi/LAT-detected bursts. As a particular case, we model a sample of eight bursts that exhibited a short-lasting emission with the synchrotron and SSC model from FS and RS regions, evolving in a stellar-wind environment, constraining the microphysical parameters, the circumburst density, the bulk Lorentz factor, and the fraction of shock-accelerated electrons. We demonstrate that the highest energy photons can only be described by the SSC from the FS region.
The impact of bar origin and morphology on stellar migration
Authors: Iles Elizabeth J , Pettitt Alex R , Okamoto Takashi , Kawata Daisuke
Published: November 2023

Different mechanisms driving bar structure formation indicate that bar origins should be distinguishable in the stellar populations of galaxies. To study how these origins affect different bar morphologies and impact stellar orbits and migration, we analyse three simulated discs which are representative of bar formation under isolated evolution motivated by disc instability, and interaction-driven tidal development. The first isolated disc and the tidally driven disc produce similar bar structure, while the second isolated disc, generated by the tidal initial condition without the companion, is visibly dissimilar. Changes to radial and vertical positions, angular momentum in the disc-plane, orbital eccentricity, and the subsequent disc metallicities are assessed, as is the dependence on stellar age and formation radii. Bar origin is distinguishable, with the tidal disc displaying larger migration overall, higher metallicity difference between the inner and outer disc, and a population of inner disc stars displaced to large radii and below the disc-plane. The effect of closest approach on populations of stars formed before, after, and during this period is evident. However, bar morphology is also found to be a significant factor in the evolution of disc stellar properties, with similar bars producing similar traits in migration tendency with radius, particularly in vertical stellar motion and in the evolution of central metallicity features.
thesan-hr: galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization in warm dark matter, fuzzy dark matter, and interacting dark matter
Authors: Shen Xuejian , Borrow Josh , Vogelsberger Mark , Garaldi Enrico , Smith Aaron , Kannan Rahul , Tacchella Sandro , Zavala Jesús , Hernquist Lars , Yeh Jessica Y-C , Zheng Chunyuan
Published: November 2023

Using high-resolution cosmological radiation-hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations (thesan-hr), we explore the impact of alternative dark matter (altDM) models on galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization. The simulations adopt the IllustrisTNG galaxy formation model. We focus on altDM models that exhibit small-scale suppression of the matter power spectrum, namely warm dark matter (WDM), fuzzy dark matter (FDM), and interacting dark matter (IDM) with strong dark acoustic oscillations (sDAO). In altDM scenarios, both the halo mass functions and the ultraviolet luminosity functions at z ≳ 6 are suppressed at the low-mass/faint end, leading to delayed global star formation and reionization histories. However, strong non-linear effects enable altDM models to ‘catch up’ with cold dark matter (CDM) in terms of star formation and reionization. The specific star formation rates are enhanced in halos below the half-power mass in altDM models. This enhancement coincides with increased gas abundance, reduced gas depletion times, more compact galaxy sizes, and steeper metallicity gradients at the outskirts of the galaxies. These changes in galaxy properties can help disentangle altDM signatures from a range of astrophysical uncertainties. Meanwhile, it is the first time that altDM models have been studied in RHD simulations of galaxy formation. We uncover significant systematic uncertainties in reionization assumptions on the faint-end luminosity function. This underscores the necessity of accurately modeling the small-scale morphology of reionization in making predictions for the low-mass galaxy population. Upcoming James Webb Space Telescope imaging surveys of deep lensed fields hold potential for uncovering the faint low-mass galaxy population, which could provide constraints on altDM models.
Helical and non-helical large-scale dynamos in thin accretion discs
Authors: Zhou Hongzhe
Published: November 2023

The dynamics of accreting and outgoing flows around compact objects depends crucially on the strengths and configurations of the magnetic fields therein, especially of the large-scale fields that remain coherent beyond turbulence scales. Possible origins of these large-scale magnetic fields include flux advection and disc dynamo actions. However, most numerical simulations have to adopt an initially strong large-scale field rather than allow them to be self-consistently advected or amplified, due to limited computational resources. The situation can be partially cured by using sub-grid models where dynamo actions only reachable at high resolutions are mimicked by artificial terms in low-resolution simulations. In this work, I couple thin-disc models with local shearing-box simulation results to facilitate more realistic sub-grid dynamo implementations. For helical dynamos, detailed spatial profiles of dynamo drivers inferred from local simulations are used, and the non-linear quenching and saturation is constrained by magnetic helicity evolution. In the inner disc region, saturated fields have dipole configurations and the plasma β reaches ≃0.1 to 100, with correlation lengths ≃h in the vertical direction and ≃10 h in the radial direction, where h is the disc scale height. The dynamo cycle period is ≃40 orbital time scale, compatible with previous global simulations. Additionally, I explore two dynamo mechanisms which do not require a net kinetic helicity and have only been studied in shearing-box set-ups. I show that such dynamos are possible in thin accretion discs, but produce field configurations that are incompatible with previous results. I discuss implications for future general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations.
Astroclimatic parameters characterization at lenghu site with ERA5 products
Authors: Bi Cuicui , Qing Chun , Qian Xianmei , Zhu Wenyue , Luo Tao , Li Xuebin , Cui Shengcheng , Weng Ningquan
Published: November 2023

Atmospheric turbulence and wind speed distributions are essential in determining the quality of astronomical sites and implementing adaptive optics systems. In this study, the optical turbulence with a general turbulence model and the wind speed characteristics at Lenghu are investigated by employing the 21-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts’ fifth set of reanalysis (ERA5) data. The vertical distributions and seasonal behaviours of the wind speed and atmospheric turbulence are analysed. The wind speed values at 200 hPa pressure level (V200) are low in spring and summer except for June, and high in autumn and winter. The highest and lowest values of V200 at Lenghu are 39.93 m s−1 in September and 27.48 m s−1 in April, respectively. Additionally, atmospheric conditions are relatively stable above 20 km throughout the year. The locations of the peaks in the $C_n^2$ profiles correspond to the tropopause and the jet wind stream regions at the Lenghu site. Furthermore, the median seeing value from ERA5 is 0.72 arcsec, generally consistent with the statistically measured value of 0.75 arcsec. Moreover, the astronomical parameters (r0, θAO, and τAO) were initially provided at the Lenghu site. The median values of r0, ε, θAO, and τAO are 15.17 cm, 0.72 arcsec, 1.19 arcsec, and 2.83 ms, respectively, thus providing the potential reference for astronomical applications.
J1046+4047: an extremely low-metallicity dwarf star-forming galaxy with O32 = 57
Authors: Izotov Y I , Thuan T X , Guseva N G
Published: November 2023

Using the optical spectrum obtained with the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph mounted on the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum, we study the properties of one of the most metal-poor dwarf star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the local Universe, J1046+4047. The galaxy, with a redshift z = 0.04874, was selected from the Data Release 16 of the SDSS. Its properties are among the most extreme for SFGs in several ways. The oxygen abundance 12 + log(O/H) = 7.082 ± 0.016 in J1046+4047 is among the lowest ever observed. With an absolute magnitude Mg = −16.51 mag, a low stellar mass M⋆ = 1.8 × 106 M⊙, and a very low mass-to-light ratio M⋆/Lg ∼ 0.0029 (in solar units), J1046+4047 has a very high specific star formation rate sSFR ∼ 430 Gyr−1, indicating very active ongoing star formation. Another striking feature of J1046+4047 is that it possesses a ratio O32 = I([O iii] λ5007)/I([O ii] λ3727) ∼ 57. Using this extremely high O32, we have confirmed and improved the strong-line calibration for the determination of oxygen abundances in the most metal-deficient galaxies, in the range 12 + log(O/H) ≲ 7.65. This improved method is applicable for all galaxies with O32 ≤ 60. We find the H α emission line in J1046+4047 to be enhanced by some non-recombination processes and thus cannot be used for the determination of interstellar extinction.
Physical properties of the eclipsing binary KIC 9851944 and analysis of its tidally perturbed p- and g-mode pulsations
Authors: Jennings Z , Southworth J , Pavlovski K , Van Reeth T
Published: November 2023

Stars that are both pulsating and eclipsing offer an important opportunity to better understand many of the physical phenomena that occur in stars, because it is possible to measure the pulsation frequencies of stars for which the masses and radii are known precisely and accurately. KIC 9851944 is a double-lined detached eclipsing binary containing two F-stars which show both pressure and gravity mode pulsations. We present an analysis of new high-resolution spectroscopy of the system and high-quality light curves from the Kepler and TESS space missions. We determine the masses and effective temperatures of the stars to 0.6 per cent precision, and their radii to 1.0 and 1.5 per cent precision. The secondary component is cooler, but larger and more massive than the primary so is more evolved; both lie inside the δ Scuti and γ Doradus instability strips. We measure a total of 133 significant pulsation frequencies in the light curve, including 14 multiplets that each contain between 3 and 19 frequencies. We find evidence for tidal perturbations to some of the p and g modes, attribute a subset of the frequencies to either the primary or secondary star, and measure a buoyancy radius and near-core rotational frequency for the primary component. KIC 9851944 is mildly metal-rich and MIST isochrones from the MESA evolutionary code agree well with the observed properties of the system for an age of 1.25 Gyr.
The contribution of supermassive black holes in stripped nuclei to the supermassive black hole population of UCDs and galaxy clusters
Authors: Mayes Rebecca J , Drinkwater Michael J , Pfeffer Joel , Baumgardt Holger
Published: November 2023

We use the hydrodynamic EAGLE simulation to predict the numbers and masses of supermassive black holes in remnant nuclei of disrupted galaxies (stripped nuclei) and compare these to confirmed measurements of black holes in observed ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs). We find that black holes in stripped nuclei are consistent with the numbers and masses of those in observed UCDs. Approximately 50 per cent of stripped nuclei with M > 2 × 106 M⊙ should contain supermassive black holes. We further calculate how the presence of a black hole increases the dynamical mass of a stripped nucleus via the mass elevation ratio, Ψ defined as the ratio of the kinematically derived mass to the expected mass from stellar population synthesis. We find Ψsim$= 1.51^{+0.06}_{-0.04}$ for M > 107 M⊙ stripped nuclei, consistent with that of observed UCDs, which have Ψobs  = 1.7 ± 0.2 above M > 107 M⊙. We also find that the mass elevation ratios of stripped nuclei with supermassive black holes can explain the observed number of UCDs with elevated mass-to-light ratios. Finally, we predict the relative number of massive black holes in stripped nuclei and galaxy nuclei and find that stripped nuclei should increase the number of black holes in galaxy clusters by 30 − 100 per cent, depending on the black hole occupation fraction of low-mass galaxies. We conclude that the population of supermassive black holes in UCDs represents a large and unaccounted-for portion of supermassive black holes in galaxy clusters.
Retrieving the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization with learnt Gaussian process kernels
Authors: Mertens Florent G , Bobin Jérôme , Carucci Isabella P
Published: November 2023

Direct detection of the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization via the redshifted 21-cm line of neutral Hydrogen will have unprecedented implications for studying structure formation in the early Universe. This exciting goal is challenged by the difficulty of extracting the faint 21-cm signal buried beneath bright astrophysical foregrounds and contaminated by numerous systematics. Here, we focus on improving the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) signal separation method originally developed for LOFAR observations. We address a key limitation of the current approach by incorporating covariance prior models learnt from 21-cm signal simulations using variational autoencoder (VAE) and interpolatory autoencoder (IAE). Extensive tests are conducted to evaluate GPR, VAE–GPR, and IAE–GPR in different scenarios. Our findings reveal that the new method outperforms standard GPR in component separation tasks. Moreover, the improved method demonstrates robustness when applied to signals not represented in the training set. It also presents a certain degree of resilience to data systematics, highlighting its ability to effectively mitigate their impact on the signal recovery process. However, our findings also underscore the importance of accurately characterizing and understanding these systematics to achieve successful detection. Our generative approaches provide good results even with limited training data, offering a valuable advantage when a large training set is not feasible. Comparing the two algorithms, IAE–GPR shows slightly higher fidelity in recovering power spectra compared to VAE–GPR. These advancements highlight the strength of generative approaches and optimize the analysis techniques for future 21-cm signal detection at high redshifts.
Evolution of helium triplet transits of close-in gas giants orbiting K dwarfs
Authors: Allan Andrew P , Vidotto Aline A , Villarreal D’Angelo Carolina , Dos Santos Leonardo A , Driessen Florian A
Published: November 2023

Atmospheric escape in exoplanets has traditionally been observed using hydrogen Lyman-α and Hα transmission spectroscopy, but more recent detections have utilized the metastable helium triplet at 1083 nm. Since this feature is accessible from the ground, it offers new possibilities for studying atmospheric escape. Our goal is to understand how the observability of escaping helium evolves during the lifetime of a highly irradiated gas giant. We extend our previous work on 1D self-consistent hydrodynamic escape from hydrogen-only atmospheres as a function of planetary evolution to the first evolution-focused study of escaping hydrogen–helium atmospheres. Additionally, using these novel models we perform helium triplet transmission spectroscopy. We adapt our previous hydrodynamic escape model to now account for both hydrogen and helium heating and cooling processes and simultaneously solve for the population of helium in the triplet state. To account for the planetary evolution, we utilize evolving predictions of planetary radii for a close-in 0.3 MJup gas giant and its received stellar flux in X-ray, hard and soft extreme-ultraviolet (UV), and mid-UV wavelength bins assuming a K-dwarf stellar host. We find that the helium triplet signature diminishes with evolution. Our models suggest that young (≲ 150 Myr), close-in gas giants (∼1 to 2 RJup) should produce helium 1083 nm transit absorptions of $\sim 4~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ or $\sim 7~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, for a slow- or fast-rotating K dwarf, respectively, assuming a 2  per cent helium abundance.
Primordial black holes as near-infrared background sources
Authors: Manzoni D , Ziparo F , Gallerani S , Ferrara A
Published: November 2023

The near-infrared background (NIRB) is the collective light from unresolved sources observed in the band 1–10 $\rm{\mu m}$. The measured NIRB angular power spectrum on angular scales θ ≳ 1 arcmin exceeds by roughly two order of magnitudes predictions from known galaxy populations. The nature of the sources producing these fluctuations is still unknown. Here, we test primordial black holes (PBHs) as sources of the NIRB excess. Considering PBHs as a cold dark matter (DM) component, we model the emission of gas accreting on to PBHs in a cosmological framework. We account for both accretion in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and DM haloes. We self-consistently derive the IGM temperature evolution, considering ionization and heating due to X-ray emission from PBHs. Besides lambda cold DM, we consider a model that accounts for the modification of the linear matter power spectrum due to the presence of PBHs; we also explore two PBH mass distributions, i.e. a δ-function and a lognormal distribution. For each model, we compute the mean intensity and the angular power spectrum of the NIRB produced by PBHs with mass 1–$10^3~\rm M_{\odot }$. In the limiting case in which the entirety of DM is made of PBHs, the PBH emission contributes <1 per cent to the observed NIRB fluctuations. This value decreases to <0.1 per cent if current constraints on the abundance of PBHs are taken into account. We conclude that PBHs are ruled out as substantial contributors to the NIRB.
XQz5: a new ultraluminous z ∼ 5 quasar legacy sample
Authors: Lai Samuel , Onken Christopher A , Wolf Christian , Bian Fuyan , Fan Xiaohui
Published: November 2023

Bright quasar samples at high redshift are useful for investigating active galactic nuclei evolution. In this study, we describe XQz5, a sample of 83 ultraluminous quasars in the redshift range 4.5 < z < 5.3 with optical and near-infrared spectroscopic observations, with unprecedented completeness at the bright end of the quasar luminosity function. The sample is observed with the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, the Very Large Telescope, and the Australian National University 2.3 m Telescope, resulting in a high-quality, moderate-resolution spectral atlas of the brightest known quasars within the redshift range. We use established virial mass relations to derive the black hole masses by measuring the observed Mg ii λ2799 Å emission line and we estimate the bolometric luminosity with bolometric corrections to the ultraviolet continuum. Comparisons to literature samples show that XQz5 bridges the redshift gap between other X-shooter quasar samples, XQ-100 and XQR-30, and is a brighter sample than both. Luminosity-matched lower redshift samples host more massive black holes, which indicate that quasars at high redshift are more active than their counterparts at lower redshift, in concordance with recent literature.
Developing Clinical Perspectives: Reflections on Student and Teacher Experiences of an Undergraduate Music Therapy Course
Authors: Devlin Kerry , Lukacs Karrin , Simon-Levine Zoe , Mette Ridder Hanne , Meadows Anthony
Published: November 2023

Centered in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, we describe and reflect upon student and teacher experiences of an undergraduate music therapy course in which students are introduced to two core clinical perspectives derived from the music therapy literature: decision-making and case formulation. Guiding the reader through four interrelated course phases, we discuss key content areas, challenges students encountered, and the ways the course instructors engaged with and worked through these challenges. Key learning outcomes are identified, specifically focusing on the importance of 1) teaching multiple perspectives early in a music therapy curriculum, 2) prerequisite knowledge, 3) musical competence, and 4) an integrated curriculum. In doing so, we advocate for an integral perspective to clinical practice, through which students develop the ability to locate themselves and shift perspectives in service of their clients.
Diatonic Voice-Leading Transformations
Authors: Frederick Leah
Published: November 2023

This article draws on the mathematical approaches of Tymoczko (2011) and Hook (2008) to construct a transformational space of closed-position diatonic triads. The group acts on a set of twenty-one objects: the seven diatonic triads differentiated by the three closed-position inversions. After constructing the transformation group as an abstract voice-leading space, I interpret the system as an instrumental space (De Souza 2017) that captures the chord shapes required to play triadic progressions on a keyboard. This emphasis on the space’s ability to capture such chord shapes leads to generalizations of the system that explore interactions between voice leading and chord spacing using geometric and diatonic theory.
The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024
Authors: Milacic Marija , Beavers Deidre , Conley Patrick , Gong Chuqiao , Gillespie Marc , Griss Johannes , Haw Robin , Jassal Bijay , Matthews Lisa , May Bruce , Petryszak Robert , Ragueneau Eliot , Rothfels Karen , Sevilla Cristoffer , Shamovsky Veronica , Stephan Ralf , Tiwari Krishna , Varusai Thawfeek , Weiser Joel , Wright Adam , Wu Guanming , Stein Lincoln , Hermjakob Henning , D’Eustachio Peter
Published: November 2023

The Reactome Knowledgebase (https://reactome.org), an Elixir and GCBR core biological data resource, provides manually curated molecular details of a broad range of normal and disease-related biological processes. Processes are annotated as an ordered network of molecular transformations in a single consistent data model. Reactome thus functions both as a digital archive of manually curated human biological processes and as a tool for discovering functional relationships in data such as gene expression profiles or somatic mutation catalogs from tumor cells. Here we review progress towards annotation of the entire human proteome, targeted annotation of disease-causing genetic variants of proteins and of small-molecule drugs in a pathway context, and towards supporting explicit annotation of cell- and tissue-specific pathways. Finally, we briefly discuss issues involved in making Reactome more fully interoperable with other related resources such as the Gene Ontology and maintaining the resulting community resource network.
Alternative splicing induced by bacterial pore-forming toxins sharpens CIRBP-mediated cell response to Listeria infection
Authors: Corre Morgane , Boehm Volker , Besic Vinko , Kurowska Anna , Viry Anouk , Mohammad Ammara , Sénamaud-Beaufort Catherine , Thomas-Chollier Morgane , Lebreton Alice
Published: November 2023

Cell autonomous responses to intracellular bacteria largely depend on reorganization of gene expression. To gain isoform-level resolution of these modes of regulation, we combined long- and short-read transcriptomic analyses of the response of intestinal epithelial cells to infection by the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Among the most striking isoform-based types of regulation, expression of the cellular stress response regulator CIRBP (cold-inducible RNA-binding protein) and of several SRSFs (serine/arginine-rich splicing factors) switched from canonical transcripts to nonsense-mediated decay-sensitive isoforms by inclusion of ‘poison exons’. We showed that damage to host cell membranes caused by bacterial pore-forming toxins (listeriolysin O, perfringolysin, streptolysin or aerolysin) led to the dephosphorylation of SRSFs via the inhibition of the kinase activity of CLK1, thereby driving CIRBP alternative splicing. CIRBP isoform usage was found to have consequences on infection, since selective repression of canonical CIRBP reduced intracellular bacterial load while that of the poison exon-containing isoform exacerbated it. Consistently, CIRBP-bound mRNAs were shifted towards stress-relevant transcripts in infected cells, with increased mRNA levels or reduced translation efficiency for some targets. Our results thus generalize the alternative splicing of CIRBP and SRSFs as a common response to biotic or abiotic stresses by extending its relevance to the context of bacterial infection.