bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction of (Arylhydrazono)cyanothioacetamides with Halo Ketones.
Authors: Paramonov I. V. , Belskaia N. P. , Bakulev V. A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile One‐Pot Syntheses of Amidines and Enamines from Oximes via Beckmann Rearrangement Using Trifluoromethansulfonic Anhydride.
Authors: Takuwa Tomofumi , Minowa Tomofumi , Onishi Jim Yoshitaka , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Radical Reactions Using Decacarbonyldimanganese under Biphasic Conditions.
Authors: Huther Nathalie , McGrail P. Terry , Parsons Andrew F.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Coupling of Thiols in Solution and under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Zolfigol Mohammad A. , Khaleghi Mahroo
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Selenocatalytic Allylic Chlorination.
Authors: Tunge Jon A. , Mellegaard Shelli R.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Halogen‐ and N‐Haloimide‐Promoted Homo‐ and Heterocoupling of α‐(N‐Carbamoyl)alkylcuprates and α‐(Alkoxy)alkylcuprates.
Authors: Dieter R. Karl , Li ShengJian , Chen Ningyi
Published: July 2004

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Room Temperature Ionic Liquids — New Choline Derivatives.
Authors: Pernak J. , Chwala P. , Syguda A.
Published: July 2004

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Efficient Chemoselective Liquid Phase Acylation of Amines, Alcohols and Bifunctional Compounds over ZSM‐35.
Authors: Srivastava R. , Venkatathri N.
Published: July 2004

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Scope and Limitations of Lithium‐Ethylenediamine—THF‐Mediated Cleavage at the α‐Position of Aromatics: Deprotection of Aryl Methyl Ethers and Benzyl Ethers under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Shindo Takeyuki , Fukuyama Yasuaki , Sugai Takeshi
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enhanced O‐Dealkylation Activity of SiCl4/LiI with Catalytic Amount of BF3.
Authors: Zewge Daniel , King Anthony , Weissman Steven , Tschaen David
Published: July 2004

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First Application of Calixarenes as Extractants in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Shimojo Kojiro , Goto Masahiro
Published: July 2004

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Indium Trichloride Catalyzed Indium‐Mediated Allylation of Dihydropyrans and Dihydrofurans in Water.
Authors: Juan Song , Hua Zhi‐Hao , Qi Shen , Ji Shun‐Jun , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: July 2004

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Towards the Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Derivatives of Xantphos.
Authors: Adams Dave J. , Cole‐Hamilton David J. , Harding Duncan A. J. , Hope Eric G. , Pogorzelec Peter , Stuart Alison M.
Published: July 2004

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Tris(pentafluorophenyl)silyl Enol Ethers: Synthesis and Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Dilman Alexander D. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: July 2004

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Liquid and Solid Phase Syntheses of Orthogonally Protected α‐Hydrazinoacid Derivatives.
Authors: Bouillon Isabelle , Brosse Nicolas , Vanderesse Regis , Jamart‐Gregoire Brigitte
Published: July 2004

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A Catalytic and Iterative Route to β‐Substituted Esters via Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Dimethylzinc to Unsaturated Malonates.
Authors: Schuppan Julia , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Enantiomerically and Diastereomerically Pure 4‐Hydroxy‐1,2‐alkadienyl Carbamates and Their Application in a Modified Nazarov Cyclization Towards Chiral Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Zimmermann Maik , Wibbeling Birgit , Hoppe Dieter
Published: July 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of Activated Cyclopropanes with an α‐Pyridinium Acetamide Bearing an 8‐Phenylmenthyl Group as the Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Kojima Satoshi , Hiroike Kyoko , Ohkata Katsuo
Published: July 2004

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A Pauson—Khand‐Type Reaction Between Alkynes and Olefinic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Rhodium/Cobalt Heterobimetallic Nanoparticles: An Olefinic Aldehydes as an Olefin and CO Source.
Authors: Park Kang Hyun , Jung Il Gu , Chung Young Keun
Published: July 2004

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Autocatalytic Domino Michael Reaction Leading to Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2,5‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Hagiwara Hisahiro , Endou Satoru , Fukushima Masakazu , Hoshi Takashi , Suzuki Toshio
Published: July 2004

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New Synthesis of Propargylic Amines from 2‐(Bromomethyl)aziridines. Intermediacy of 3‐Bromoazetidinium Salts.
Authors: D'hooghe Matthias , Van Brabandt Willem , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: July 2004

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Convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed Preparation of Primary Anilines Using a Fluorous Benzophenone Imine Reagent.
Authors: Cioffi Christopher L. , Berlin Michael L. , Herr R. Jason
Published: July 2004

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Short Asymmetric Syntheses of Homoallylic, Homopropargylic and Allenic Silylated Primary Amines.
Authors: Comesse Sebastien , Bertin Benjamin , Kadouri‐Puchot Catherine
Published: July 2004

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Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Using 1,4‐Aminoalcohols as Chiral Ligands.
Authors: Scarpi Dina , Lo Galbo Fabrizio , Occhiato Ernesto G. , Guarna Antonio
Published: July 2004

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Transition Metal Based Lewis Acid Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides Using Amines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhao Pei‐Qing , Xu Li‐Wen , Xia Chun‐Gu
Published: July 2004

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Radical Reactions in Esters with Alkoxy Functionality Chemistry: An Unusual Alcohol Moiety Hydrogen Abstraction.
Authors: Yan Ming‐Chung , Jang Yeong‐Jiunn , Wu Jhenyi , Lin Yung‐Feng , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: July 2004

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Design of New Polyamine‐Based Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Phenylalanine.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Konishi Shunsuke , Shirakawa Seiji , Maruoka Keiji
Published: July 2004

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Remarkable 4,4′‐Substituent Effects on BINAP: Highly Enantioselective Ru Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Aryl Ketoesters and Their Immobilization in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Hu Aiguo , Ngo Helen L. , Lin Wenbin
Published: July 2004

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Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Benzene with α,β‐Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Koltunov Konstantin Yu. , Walspurger Stephane , Sommer Jean
Published: July 2004

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Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrical Functionalized Biaryls Using Zinc and Triethylammonium Formate.
Authors: Abiraj K. , Srinivasa G. R. , Gowda D. Channe
Published: July 2004

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Palladium—Phosphinous Acid‐Catalyzed NaOH‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Arylsiloxanes with Aryl Chlorides and Bromides in Water.
Authors: Wolf Christian , Lerebours Rachel
Published: July 2004

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Facile Synthesis of Cross‐Conjugated gem‐Disubstituted Trienes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Protocol of 1,1‐Disubstituted 2,4‐Diiodo‐but‐1‐ene with Alkenes.
Authors: Shi Min , Shao Li‐Xiong
Published: July 2004

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Rhenium‐Catalyzed Aromatic Propargylation.
Authors: Kennedy‐Smith Joshua J. , Young Lauren A. , Toste F. Dean
Published: July 2004

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The Diels—Alder Reactions of Quinone Imine Ketals.
Authors: Banfield Scott C. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: July 2004

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Diastereoselective Addition Reactions of Furyl Sulfonylimine Using Chiral Boronates as Auxiliary: Application to the Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Furyl Sulfonylamides.
Authors: Yim Ho‐Kee , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 2‐Aminofurans
Authors: Yavari Issa , Djahaniani Hoorieh , Moradi Loghman
Published: July 2004

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A Short Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrrolidines via α‐(Alkylideneamino)nitriles.
Authors: Meyer Nino , Opatz Till
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of New 3‐(1‐Ethylsulfanyl‐2‐perfluoroalkyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl (or 5‐phenyl)‐1,5‐dihydro‐pyrrol‐2‐ones Starting from γ‐Keto Thioesters and Amines.
Authors: Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Tinant Bernard , Nuzillard Jean‐Marc , Portella Charles
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrole Derivatives from Aldehydes, Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and Methoxyallene.
Authors: Floegel Oliver , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: July 2004

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Aminative Rearrangement of 2‐Alkoxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans: A Novel Stereocontrolled Route to Substituted Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Cumming Graham R. , Pike Kurt
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Procedure for the Synthesis of Phthalimides under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mogilaiah K. , Reddy G. Randheer
Published: July 2004

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A Facile Synthesis of Various Fluorine‐Containing Indole Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Chae Jungha , Konno Tsutomu , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki
Published: July 2004

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A Practical Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐indole‐6‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Gallou Fabrice , Yee Nathan , Qiu Fenghe , Senanayake Chris , Linz Guenter , Schnaubelt Juergen , Soyka Rainer
Published: July 2004

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A Novel Approach to 4H‐Thieno[3,2‐b]pyrroles.
Authors: Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Stoyanovich Felix M. , Shorunov Sergei V.
Published: July 2004

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Novel Conversion of 6H‐1,3,5‐Oxathiazine S‐Oxides into 3H‐1,2,4‐Dithiazoles by Treating with Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: Rafiqul Islam Md. , Shimada Kazuaki , Aoyagi Shigenobu , Fujisawa Yoriko , Takikawa Yuji
Published: July 2004

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Stereoselectivity in the Addition of 1,3‐Dipolarophiles to 6‐Aryl‐1,5‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes.
Authors: Molchanov A. P. , Sipkin D. I. , Koptelov Yu. B. , Kopf J. , Kostikov R. R.
Published: July 2004

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Regioselective Rapid Analogue Syntheses of 1‐Methyl‐3,5‐diarylpyrazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling to 3(5)‐Pyrazolyl Nonaflates.
Authors: Bourrain Sylvie , Ridgill Mark , Collins Ian
Published: July 2004

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Steric Effects in the Nucleophilic Addition of Pyrazoles Unsubstituted at a Nitrogen Atom to the Double Bond of Maleic Anhydride.
Authors: Nam N. L. , Grandberg I. I. , Sorokin V. I.
Published: July 2004

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The Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Isoxazolidines Using a Cope Elimination/Intramolecular Nitrone Cycloaddition Strategy.
Authors: O'Neil Ian A. , Ramos V. Elena , Ellis Gemma L. , Cleator Ed , Chorlton Alan P. , Tapolczay David J. , Kalindjian S. Barret
Published: July 2004

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An Efficient and Green Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles in an Ionic Liquid, [pmIm]Br under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Jana Ranjan , Dey Suvendu S.
Published: July 2004

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Reaction of 3‐(4‐Chlorofurazanyl‐3‐N(O)N‐azoxy)‐4‐nitrofurazan with Weak Bases.
Authors: Sheremetev A. B. , Aleksandrova N. S. , Mantseva E. V. , Dmitriev D. E.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Halogenation of 1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐phenylpropane‐1,3‐diones Using Phase Transfer Catalysis and Synthesis of 3‐Chloro‐ and 3‐Bromo‐flavones.
Authors: Makrandi J. K. , Shashi Shashi , Kumar Surender
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective 6‐Iodination of 5,7‐Dioxygenated Flavones by Benzyltrimethylammonium Dichloroiodate.
Authors: Quintin Jerome , Lewin Guy
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Coumarines and 4H‐Chromenes Through the Reaction of tert‐Butyl Isocyanide and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in Presence of 2‐Hydroxybenzaldehydes.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Djahaniani Hoorieh , Nasiri Farough
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Safaiee Maliheh
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparison of the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 4,7‐Dichloroquinoline and 7‐Chloro‐4‐iodoquinoline with Arylboronic Acids Using Phosphine‐Free Palladium Catalysis in Water.
Authors: Friesen Richard W. , Trimble Laird A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives by Reactions of 2‐(2‐Methoxyethenyl)benzonitriles with Organolithiums and Lithium Dialkylamides.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Shiokawa Taiyo , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transformation of an Optically Active Decahydro‐6‐isoquinolone Scaffold: Perfect Felkin—Anh Diastereoselectivity.
Authors: Christoffers Jens , Scharl Heiko , Frey Wolfgang , Baro Angelika
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Participation of Substituents at the ortho Position of Aryl Groups in the Rearrangements of 5‐Chloro‐3‐aryl‐2,1‐benzisoxazoles.
Authors: Orlov Vladimir Yu. , Kotov Aleksandr D. , Ganzha Valentin V. , Sokolov Vitaliy G.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Esters of 2‐Methyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carbamic Acid.
Authors: Ramesh D. , Sreenivasulu B.
Published: July 2004

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Samarium‐Promoted Coupling of 1,10‐Phenanthroline with Carbonyl Compounds for Synthesis of New Ligands.
Authors: Weitgenant Jeremy A. , Mortison Jonathan D. , O'Neill David J. , Mowery Brendan , Puranen Anders , Helquist Paul
Published: July 2004

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Direct Alkylation and Phenylation of 3,8‐Dibromo‐1,10‐phenanthroline with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Anzai Kazushige , Fukumoto Hiroki , Yamamoto Takakazu
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation and Heteroarylation of Indolizines.
Authors: Park Choul‐Hong , Ryabova Victoria , Seregin Ilya V. , Sromek Anna W. , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Some [4,6‐(4‐Substituted aryl)‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidin‐5‐yl]‐acetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Bahekar Sushilkumar S. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
5‐(4,6‐Diphenyl‐2‐pyrimidinyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thione with Some C‐Electrophiles and N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Mekuskiene G. , Burbuliene M. M. , Jakubkiene V. , Udrenaite E. , Gaidelis P. , Vainilavicius P.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2,3‐Dihydro‐5,6‐tetramethylenespiro(cyclohexane‐2‐thieno [2,3‐d]pyrimidine)‐4(1H)‐thione. A Novel Synthetic Route and Crystalline Structure.
Authors: Dyachenko A. D. , Rusanov E. B. , Dyachenko V. D. , Chernega A. N. , Desenko S. M.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Design and Preparation of Metabolically Protected New Arylpiperazine 5‐HT1A Ligands.
Authors: Tandon Manish , O'Donnell Mary‐Margaret , Porte Alex , Vensel David , Yang Donglai , Palma Rocio , Beresford Alan , Ashwell Mark A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazepines: Synthesis, Structure and Evaluation of Benzodiazepine Receptor Binding.
Authors: Kiec‐Kononowicz Katarzyna , Karolak‐Wojciechowska Janina , Michalak Barbara , Pekala Elzbieta , Schumacher Britta , Mueller Christina E.
Published: July 2004

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Novel 2‐Phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene Derivatives and Their Use in Phosphinylations.
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , et al. et al.
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Phosphorus Heterocycles with Exocyclic P—C Link.
Authors: Reddy Peddaiahgari Vasu Govardhana , Kiran Yarragudi Bathal Reddy , Reddy Cirandur Suresh , Reddy Chichili Devendranath
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Phosphaisocoumarins via Iodocyclization.
Authors: Peng Ai‐Yun , Ding Yi‐Xiang
Published: July 2004

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Hydroselenation of Alkynes by Lithium Butylselenolate: An Approach in the Synthesis of Vinylic Selenides.
Authors: Zeni Gilson , Stracke Marcelo P. , Nogueira Cristina W. , Braga Antonio L. , Menezes Paulo H. , Stefani Helio A.
Published: July 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α‐Aryltellurenylvinylsilanes via Hydromagnesiation Reaction of Alkynylsilanes.
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Hao Wenyan , Zhao Hong , Xia Jun
Published: July 2004

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Part 2. Efficient Strategies for the Construction of Variably Substituted Bicyclo[5.3.1]undecenones (AB‐Taxane Ring Systems) and Their Conversion to Tricyclo[9.3.1.03,8]pentadecenones (ABC Taxane Ring Systems) and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanones.
Authors: Villalva‐Servin Nidia P. , Laurent Alain , Fallis Alex G.
Published: July 2004

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C‐Alkylation of Nitroso Chlorides with Diethyl Malonate: The X‐Ray Structure of Diethyl (.+‐.)‐(1R*,2S*,5R*)‐2‐{3(E)‐Hydroxyimino‐2,6,6‐trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]hept‐2‐yl}malonate.
Authors: Bizjaev Sergey N. , Rybalova Tatyana V. , Gatilov Yury V. , Tkachev Alexey V.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Beauvericins, Potentiators of Antifungal Miconazole Activity, Produced by Beauveria sp. FKI‐1366. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Properties.
Authors: Fukuda Takashi , Arai Masayoshi , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Masuma Rokurou , Tomoda Hiroshi , Omura Satoshi
Published: July 2004

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Isolation and Structural Characterization of Siderophores, Madurastatins, Produced by a Pathogenic Actinomadura madurae.
Authors: Harada Ken‐ichi , Tomita Koji , Fujii Kiyonaga , Masuda Katsuyoshi , Mikami Yuzuru , Yazawa Katsukiyo , Komaki Hisayuki
Published: July 2004

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Application of Substituted 2‐(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl Esters to Suppress Diketopiperazine Formation
Authors: Borsuk Katarzyna , van Delft Floris L. , Eggen Ivo F. , ten Kortenaar Paul B. W. , Petersen Annet , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Enantiopure N‐Protected β,β‐Dialkylserines.
Authors: Dettwiler James E. , Lubell William D.
Published: July 2004

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Efficient Methods for Glycosidations with Glycals — A Key Intermediate for the Synthesis of Mucin Core 1‐Type O‐Glycan.
Authors: Geiger Juergen , Barroca Nadine , Schmidt R. R.
Published: July 2004

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Stereoselective Iodine‐Induced Cyclization of Alkene Acetals. Application to the Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐exo‐glycals and Substituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Molas Pineda , Matheu Ma. Isabel , Castillon Sergio
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis and Antispasmodic Activity Evaluation of Bis‐(Papaverine) Analogues.
Authors: Kaur Jaskiran , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Chandra Ramesh
Published: July 2004

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Diastereoselective Synthesis of Galactopyranosyl Amino Esters and Their Transformation into C‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Katiyar Diksha , Mishra Ram Chandra , Tripathi Rama Pati
Published: July 2004

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A Versatile Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinone C‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Mishra Ram Chandra , Katiyar Diksha , Tewari Neetu , Tripathi Rama Pati
Published: July 2004

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Structure Revision of FD‐891, a 16‐Membered Macrolide Antibiotic.
Authors: Eguchi Tadashi , Yamamoto Keita , Mizoue Kazutoshi , Kakinuma Katsumi
Published: July 2004

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ICM0301s, New Angiogenesis Inhibitors from Aspergillus sp. F‐1491. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activities.
Authors: Kumagai Hiroyuki , Someno Tetsuya , Dobashi Kazuyuki , Isshiki Kunio , Ishizuka Masaaki , Ikeda Daishiro
Published: July 2004

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Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Aspergillus terreus.
Authors: Choudhary Muhammad I. , Musharraf Syed G. , Mukhmoor Talat , Shaheen Farzana , Ali Shamsher , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman
Published: July 2004

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Time‐Resolved Diffraction Studies of Ion Exchange: K+ and Na+ Exchange into (Al, Ge) Gismondine (GIS) Na24Al24Ge24O96 ×40H2O and K8Al8Ge8O32×8H2 O.
Authors: Celestian Aaron J. , Parise John B. , Goodell Carmen , Tripathi Akhilesh , Hanson Jonathan
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solubility of Gases in Solid Metals
Authors: Sakamoto Y. , Lewis F. A.
Published: July 2004

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Phase Equilibria of the Al—Cu—Fe System
Authors: Lueck Reinhard , Zhang Liming
Published: July 2004

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First Principles Studies of Metal‐Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Groenbeck Henrik
Published: July 2004

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Threading the Needle: Mimicking Natural Toroidal Catalysts.
Authors: Carlier Paul R.
Published: July 2004

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Homogeneous Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Reductive Aminations
Authors: Tararov Vitali I. , Kadyrov Renat , Riermeier Thomas H. , Dingerdissen Uwe , Boerner Armin
Published: July 2004

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Transition Metal Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation with Grignard Reagents — Novel Reactions with a Classic Reagent
Authors: Shinokubo Hiroshi , Oshima Koichiro
Published: July 2004

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Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Ketones — A Challenge for Chemists
Authors: Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: July 2004

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A New Hydrosilylation Mechanism — New Preparative Opportunities
Authors: Brunner Henri
Published: July 2004

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The Utility of Indium in Aqueous Medium Radical Reactions.
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Naito Takeaki
Published: July 2004

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How Have We Found Any New Reactions in the Field of the Heterocyclic Chemistry?
Authors: Ikeda Masazumi
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Azine‐Type Heterocyclic Compounds and Their Conversion into Functional Molecules
Authors: Katoh Akira , Saito Ryota
Published: July 2004

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Practical Coupling Reactions of Alkynes
Authors: Mori Atsunori
Published: July 2004

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Synthesis of Ecdysteroids and Related Compounds
Authors: Kovganko N. V. , Kashkan Zh. N. , Chernov Yu. G. , Ananich S. K. , Sokolov S. N. , Survilo V. L.
Published: July 2004

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Microwaves in Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Hamelin Jack , Bazureau Jean‐Pierre , Texier‐Boullet Francoise
Published: July 2004

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Reactions in Unusual Media
Authors: Clarke Daniel , Ali Mohammed A. , Clifford Anthony A. , Parratt Andrew , Rose Paul , Schwinn Dominik , Bannwarth Willi , Rayner Christopher M.
Published: July 2004

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Reactions of Carbenoids and Ketenes from α‐Diazocarbonyls and Their Applications in Natural Products Synthesis
Authors: Singh G. S. , Mdee L. K.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Kappe C. Oliver , Stadler Alexander
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hajek Milan
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kinetic Studies for Processes of Liquid‐Phase Alkylation of Aromatics over Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Beltrame Paolo , Zuretti Giovanni
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sensors for Metals Processing/Recycling
Authors: Ahmad Aftab
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dendrimers in Solution: Insight from Theory and Simulation
Authors: Ballauff Matthias , Likos Christos N.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Colloidal Gels: Low‐Density Disordered Solid‐Like States
Authors: Trappe Veronique , Sandkuehler Peter
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Performance of Integrated Methods in the Study of Large Compounds
Authors: Espinosa‐Garcia J.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Throughput NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Raftery D.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Diversity of B0 and B1 Gradient NMR Diffusometry Techniques
Authors: Ardelean Ioan , Kimmich Rainer
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Effects in XPS
Authors: Kover Laszlo
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mass Spectrometry of Oligosaccharides
Authors: Zaia Joseph
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Destruction of maternal centrioles during fertilization of the brown alga, Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Nagasato Chikako , Motomura Taizo
Published: July 2004

In brown algal fertilization, a pair of centrioles is derived from the male gamete, irrespective of the sexual reproduction pattern, i.e., isogamy, anisogamy, or oogamy. In this study, the manner in which the maternal centriole structure is destroyed in early zygotes of the isogamous brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria was examined by electron microscopy. At fertilization, the zygote had two pairs of centrioles (flagellar basal bodies) derived from motile male and female gametes, and there was no morphological difference between the two pairs. The flagellar basal plate and the axonemal microtubules were still connected with the distal end of centrioles. Ultrastructural observations showed that the integrity of maternal‐derived centrioles began to degenerate even in the 1‐h‐old zygote. At that time, the cylinder of triplet microtubules of the maternal centrioles became shorter from the distal end, and a section passing through the centrioles indicated that a part of the nine triplets of microtubules changed into doublet or singlet microtubules by degeneration of B and/or C tubules. In 2‐h‐old zygote, there was no trace of maternal centrioles ultrastructurally, and only the paternal centrioles remained. Further, reduction of centrin accompanying destruction of the maternal centrioles was examined in immunofluorescence microscopy. Centrin localized at the paternal and the maternal centrioles had the same fluorescence intensity in the early zygotes. At 4–6 h after fertilization, two spots indicating centrin localization showed different fluorescence intensity. Later, the weaker spot disappeared completely. These results showed that there is a difference in time between the destruction of the centriolar cylinders and the reduction of centrin molecules around them. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:109–118, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of a highly organized intranuclear network of filaments in living mammalian cells
Authors: Nalepa Grzegorz , Harper J. Wade
Published: July 2004

For 30 years, the mammalian cell nucleus has been hypothesized to contain a filamentous framework, the nuclear matrix or karyoskeleton, which regulates nuclear structure and function. However, such an organized network of filaments has never been observed in living cells. Here we show that human Cdc14B phosphatase in living cells tightly associates with long filaments that begin at the nucleolar periphery and extend to the nuclear envelope, frequently making close connections with nuclear pore complexes. We demonstrate that Cdc14B contains a bipartite signal that directs it to the intranuclear filaments, and we also detect a small amount of Cdc14B on interphase and mitotic centrosomes. Furthermore, we show that Cdc14B is critical for the maintenance of proper nuclear structure together with polo‐like kinase Plk1. This work provides the first direct evidence for the existence of an intranuclear filamentous framework in living mammalian cells and implicates Cdc14B in the control of mammalian nuclear architecture. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:94–108, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity to imatinib therapy may be predicted by testing Wilms tumor gene expression and colony growth after a short in vitro incubation
Authors: Cilloni Daniela , Messa Francesca , Gottardi Enrico , Fava Milena , Arruga Francesca , Defilippi Ilaria , Carturan Sonia , Messa Emanuela , Morotti Alessandro , Giugliano Emilia , Rege‐Cambrin Giovanna , Alberti Daniele , Baccarani Michele , Saglio Giuseppe
Published: July 2004

BACKGROUND

The objective of the current study was to verify the ability to predict response to imatinib therapy using in vitro assays to evaluate the inhibition of Wilms tumor gene (WT1) expression and colony growth after samples obtained from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) before the start of treatment were subjected to short‐term incubation with imatinib.

METHODS

WT1 transcript levels and colony growth in bone marrow (BM) samples from 23 patients with CML that was later identified as being responsive to imatinib and from 13 patients with CML that was later identified as not being responsive to imatinib were evaluated after incubation of these samples with imatinib at a concentration of 1 μM for 18 hours. In addition, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR) analysis of WT1 expression was performed during follow‐up, and the results were analyzed for associations with cytogenetic response and with BCR/ABL transcript levels as determined using RQ‐PCR analysis.

RESULTS

Before treatment, it was found that WT1 expression was elevated in BM samples obtained from all patients with CML. WT1 expression and colony growth were reduced significantly after an 18‐hour incubation with imatinib in samples obtained from patients who were later identified as responders to treatment, but not in samples obtained from patients who did not experience responses to treatment. Inhibition of WT1 expression in vitro was associated with inhibition of imatinib‐induced BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase activity, a finding that also has been made in studies involving certain Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive and Ph‐negative cell lines.

CONCLUSIONS

Inhibition of WT1 transcript levels after a short period of in vitro exposure of pretherapy BM samples to imatinib was correlated with inhibition of colony growth and may represent the basis for an easy test that is capable of predicting the sensitivity of CML to treatment with imatinib for individual patients. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
An academic health center cost analysis of screening mammography
Authors: Chen Steven L. , Clark Samuel , Pierce Lori J. , Hayes Daniel F. , Helvie Mark A. , Greeno Paula L. , Newman Lisa A. , Chang Alfred E.
Published: July 2004

BACKGROUND

The current study sought to determine the institutional financial impact of a screening mammography (SM) program in the context of an integrated cancer center.

METHODS

Using administrative databases, 10,048 women were identified as receiving screening mammograms in fiscal year 1999 and the first one‐half of fiscal year 2000. The utilization of breast care resources was followed for an average of 1208 days. The University of Michigan cost accounting system was then used to determine overall margin (revenues − total costs) and contribution margin (revenues − actual costs) of the SM program, as well as other breast care services.

RESULTS

The percentage of variable costs to total costs for the SM program was 24%. The overall facility losses in the breast care line were $1.7 million with a positive contribution margin of $2.0 million. The annual yield of nonscreening/diagnostic mammographic procedures was 0.9%. All types of radiologic activity failed to cover their total costs, but did provide a positive contribution margin. Overall margins for surgery procedures were approximately even, and adjuvant medical and radiotherapy services were net positive. Modeling helped to identify overhead limits necessary to achieve margin targets associated with increased activity.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study showed that SM programs are unlikely to succeed financially without careful selection of those screened to increase the yield of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Based on favorable contribution margins, SM programs were viable when viewed as incremental business. Cancer 2004. © 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
Breast‐conserving surgery after neoadjuvant anthracycline‐based chemotherapy for large breast tumors
Authors: Rouzier Roman , Mathieu Marie‐Christine , Sideris Lucas , Youmsi Esther , Rajan Radhika , Garbay Jean‐Rémi , André Fabrice , Marsiglia Hugo , Spielmann Marc , Delaloge Suzette
Published: July 2004

BACKGROUND

Randomized trials comparing neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy show that primary chemotherapy allows more frequent breast‐preserving surgery even though no survival advantage has been demonstrated. The aim of the current study was to determine the predicting factors and the survival impact of breast conservation in patients with large breast tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODS

Between January 1987 and December 2001, 594 patients with invasive T2–3 breast carcinoma who were ineligible for breast‐conserving surgery (the mean initial tumor diameter was 49 mm) were treated with 3 or 4 courses of an anthracycline‐based primary chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Various clinicopathologic factors were tested as possible predicting factors of breast‐preserving surgery. Survival analyses were performed to determine the implications of breast‐conserving surgery on outcome.

RESULTS

After primary chemotherapy, 287 (48%) patients were eligible for breast‐conserving surgery and 307 patients underwent a mastectomy. Initial tumor diameter > 5 cm, low histologic grade, lobular histology, and multicentricity were independent predicting factors of breast conservation ineligibility in the multivariate analysis (logistic regression). In the univariate survival analysis, a failure of breast‐preserving surgery was associated with a poor outcome. Local disease recurrence‐free survival rates were similar in patients treated with lumpectomy and mastectomy.

CONCLUSIONS

The results reported in the current study suggested that initial diameter, histologic type and grade, and multicentricity are potential prechemotherapy predicting factors of breast conservation. When carefully selected, patients treated with breast conservation had a risk of local disease recurrence similar to the risk of chest wall disease recurrence after mastectomy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Significance of MiB‐1 staining in smears with atypical glandular cells
Authors: Boon Mathilde E. , Vinkestein Astrid , van Binsbergen‐Ingelse Annette , van Haaften Caroline
Published: July 2004

MiB‐1 immunostaining may facilitate recognition of developing adenocarcinoma in cervical smear screening. In a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 170 patients with atypical endocervical glandular cells and with repeat smears, archival Papanicolaou‐stained smears were restained for MiB‐1 and classified for the presence of preneoplastic changes of MiB‐1 positive epithelial fragments. The results of classification based on MiB‐1 positive epithelial fragments corresponded “roughly” with cytomorphological diagnoses. Of the 38 patients in which the primary smear was found to be MiB‐1‐positive, 12 of these persisted in the repeat smear. Thirty‐eight of the 132 repeat smears of patients originally negative for MiB‐1 pathology were positive. Of the total 50 MiB‐1 positive repeat smears, four showed adenocarcinoma in situ on cytomorphological grounds. MiB‐1 staining enhances detection of (pre)neoplastic changes. This approach does not destroy the morphology of the original smear and can be applied to routine material. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:77–82. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features of central giant‐cell granuloma of the jaw
Authors: Gupta Kirti , Dey Pranab , Goldsmith Ritalin , Vasishta R.K.
Published: July 2004

In this present series, we studied in detail the cytologic features of five histopathologically verified cases of central giant‐cell granuloma (CGCG). All the patients in this series were female, with an age range of 11–60 years. There were three cases with involvement of the lower jaw and two cases had upper jaw involvement. Cytology smears showed dispersed single cells in the background. Nuclei of the individual cells were round to ovoid with fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasm of these cells was moderate in amount with indistinct cell borders. Many randomly scattered multinucleated giant cells with 10–20 nuclei were present in the background. Combination of clinical features, radiologic pictures, and cytologic features may be helpful for diagnosis of CGCG on fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:113–115. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional neuroanatomy of perceiving surprised faces
Authors: Schroeder Ulrike , Hennenlotter Andreas , Erhard Peter , Haslinger Bernhard , Stahl Robert , Lange Klaus W. , Ceballos‐Baumann Andrés O.
Published: July 2004

Surprise is one of six emotions having a specific and universally recognized facial expression. Functional imaging and neuropsychologic studies have uncovered partly separable neural substrates for perceiving different facial expressions; however, the functional neuroanatomy of perceiving surprised faces has not yet been investigated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we aimed to identify the neural substrate of surprise perception from facial expressions. Based on the assumption of unexpectedness and novelty as elicitors of facial surprise reactions, we hypothesized recruitment of medial temporal lobe structures implicated in novelty detection during the perception of surprise in others. Healthy subjects were scanned while they were presented with surprised faces. As a control, they viewed faces depicting neutral or disgust expressions. Activations during the emotional conditions were contrasted with each other and with the neutral face condition. Compared to both control conditions, perception of surprised facial expressions yielded consistently increased signals in the parahippocampal region, an area associated previously with novelty detection. Our findings therefore suggest a close relation between perceiving surprise in others and the response to novel events. Additionally, we confirmed activation of the insula during perception of disgust expressions. Hum. Brain Mapping 23:181–187, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Machine‐independent audit trail analysis—a tool for continuous audit assurance
Authors: Best Peter J. , Mohay George , Anderson Alison
Published: July 2004

This paper reports the results of a research project which examines the feasibility of developing a machine‐independent audit trail analyser (MIATA). MIATA is a knowledge‐based system which performs intelligent analysis of operating system audit trails. Such a system is proposed as a decision support tool for auditors when assessing the risk of unauthorized user activity in multi‐user computer systems. It is also relevant to the provision of a continuous assurance service to clients by internal and external auditors.

Monitoring user activity in system audit trails manually is impractical because of the vast quantity of events recorded in those audit trails. However, if done manually, an expert security auditor would be needed to look for two main types of events—user activity rejected by the system's security settings (failed actions) and users behaving abnormally (e.g. unexpected changes in activity such as the purchasing clerk attempting to modify payroll data). A knowledge‐based system is suited to applications that require expertise to perform well‐deﬁned, yet complex, monitoring activities (e.g. controlling nuclear reactors and detecting intrusions in computer systems).

To permit machine‐independent intelligent audit trail analysis, an anomaly‐detection approach is adopted. Time series forecasting methods are used to develop and maintain the user proﬁle database (knowledge base) that allows identiﬁcation of users with rejected behaviour as well as abnormal behaviour. The knowledge‐based system maintains this knowledge base and permits reporting on the potential intruder threats (summarized in Table I).

The intelligence of the MIATA system is its ability to handle audit trails from any system, its knowledge base capturing rejected user activity and detecting anomalous activity, and its reporting capabilities focusing on known methods of intrusion. MIATA also updates user proﬁles and forecasts of behaviour on a daily basis. As such, it also ‘learns’ from changes in user behaviour.

The feasibility of generating machine‐independent audit trail records, and the applicability of the anomaly‐detection approach and time series forecasting methods, are demonstrated using three case studies. These results support the proposal that developing a machine‐independent audit trail analyser is feasible. Such a system will be an invaluable aid to an auditor in detecting potential computer intrusions and monitoring user activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing risks due to threats to internal control in a computer‐based accounting information system: a pragmatic approach based on fuzzy set theory
Authors: de Korvin Andre , Shipley Margaret F. , Omer Khursheed
Published: July 2004

A rational risk assessment model, based on the reasoning of fuzzy set theory, is presented. The model would help managers assess risk exposure due to potential threats to internal control in a computer‐based accounting information system. Such risk assessment is essential in making appropriate decisions about establishing new internal control policies and procedures that may be necessary to protect the integrity and security of the information system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontogenic and ecological control of metamorphosis onset in a carapid fish, Carapus homei: Experimental evidence from vertebra and otolith comparisons
Authors: Parmentier Eric , Lecchini David , Lagardere Francoise , Vandewalle Pierre
Published: July 2004

In Carapus homei, reef colonisation is associated with a penetration inside a sea cucumber followed by heavy transformations during which the length of the fish is reduced by 60%. By comparing vertebral axis to otolith ontogenetic changes, this study aimed (i) to specify the events linked to metamorphosis, and (ii) to establish to what extent these fish have the ability to delay it. Different larvae of C. homei were caught when settling on the reef and kept in different experimental conditions for at least 7 days and up to 21 days: darkness or natural light conditions, presence of sea cucumber or not, and food deprivation or not. Whatever the nutritional condition, a period of darkness seems sufficient to initiate metamorphosis. Twenty‐one days in natural light conditions delayed metamorphosis, whereas the whole metamorphosis process is the fastest (15 days) for larvae living in sea cucumbers. Whether the metamorphosis was initiated or not, otoliths were modified with the formation of a transition zone, whose structure varied depending on the experimental conditions. At day 21, larvae maintained in darkness had an otolith transition zone with more increments (around 80), albeit wider than those (more or less 21) of individuals kept under natural lighting. These differences in otolith growth could indicate an increased incorporation rate of released metabolites by metamorphosing larvae. However, the presence of a transition zone in delayed‐metamorphosis larvae suggests that these otolith changes record the endogenously‐induced onset of metamorphosis, whereas body transformations seem to be modulated by the environmental conditions of settlement. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:617–628, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of temperature and moisture on embryonic diapause of the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)
Authors: Andrews Robin M. , Donoghue Susan
Published: July 2004

The development of lizard embryos is typically initiated at fertilization and continues until birth or hatching. In contrast, embryonic development of some chameleons is arrested at the gastrula stage, and embryos remain at this stage for months after the eggs are laid. Our research tested the hypothesis that increased temperature, moisture, or both, are associated with the resumption of development by diapausing embryos of Chamaeleo calyptratus, the veiled chameleon. After 40 days of incubation at 25°C in a relatively dry substrate, eggs were subjected to: 1) no change in temperature or moisture, 2) no change in temperature but change from a dry to a wet substrate, 3) change to a warmer temperature but no change in substrate moisture, or 4) an increase in both temperature and substrate moisture. Overall, embryos initiated development after 50–60 days to 80 or more days of incubation. Neither substrate moisture nor water uptake by eggs was related to the interval when development resumed. In contrast, development was initiated about 10 days earlier for eggs in the high temperature treatment compared to eggs in the low temperature treatment. Our results suggest that neither water availability nor water uptake by eggs affect the length of diapause but that an increase in ambient temperature initiates development of diapausing embryos of C. calyptratus. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:629–635, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.