DINAMIKA WARGA NEGARA INDONESIA KETURUNAN TIONGHOA DI SURABAYA TAHUN 1966-1980
Authors: Sabila Andya 
Published: February 2024

AbstrakKebijakan asimilasi merupakan upaya pemerintah Orde Baru untuk menghilangkan sifat eksklusivisme Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI) keturunan Tionghoa. Asimilasi dilakukan dengan cara menghilangkan kebudayaan dan identitas khas mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana proses pelaksanaan kebijakan asimilasi selama tahun 1966-1980 serta dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap WNI keturunan Tionghoa di Surabaya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan, antara lain: pengumpulan sumber-sumber sejarah yang relevan (heuristik), penilaian terhadap kredibilitas sumber-sumber yang telah didapat (verifikasi/kritik sumber), penafsiran berbagai sumber yang telah diverifikasi (interpretasi), dan penulisan hasil rekonstruksi sejarah secara kronologis (historiografi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan asimilasi dikeluarkan pemerintah Orde Baru pasca terjadinya peristiwa 1 Oktober 1965 dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat Indonesia yang homogen. Pelaksanaannya sudah diikuti oleh sebagian besar WNI keturunan Tionghoa di Surabaya dengan banyaknya jumlah mereka yang telah menghilangkan unsur-unsur ke-Tionghoaannya secara sukarela, terutama ganti nama. Namun, penerapan kebijakan asimilasi belum sepenuhnya efektif dalam mengatasi permasalahan sosial. Hal tersebut terjadi karena kebijakan asimilasi masih sebatas usaha ideologis beberapa tokoh dalam pemerintahan Orde Baru. Adapun pelabelan istilah “Warganegara Keturunan Tionghoa” maupun “non pribumi”, masih tetap saja ditujukan kepada WNI keturunan Tionghoa di Surabaya yang sudah mengasimilasikan dirinya secara total.Kata Kunci: WNI Keturunan Tionghoa, Surabaya, Asimilasi. AbstractThe policy of assimilation was an attempt by the New Order government to eliminate the exclusivism behavior of Indonesian citizens of Chinese descent. Assimilation is done by eliminating their culture and identity. This study aims to understand how the process of implementing the policy of assimilation during 1966-1980 and the impact it had on Indonesian citizens of Chinese descent in Surabaya. This writing uses historical research methods which include four stages, including: collecting relevant historical sources (heuristics), assessing the credibility of the sources that have been obtained (source verification/criticism), interpreting various verified sources (interpretation), and writing the results of historical reconstruction in chronological order (historiography). The result of this research indicate that the assimilation policy was issued by the New Order government after the event of October 1, 1965 in order to create homogeneous Indonesian society. The implementation has been followed by the majority of Indonesian citizens of Chinese descent in Surabaya with a large number of them having voluntarily removed their Chinese identities, especially in changing names. However, the implementation of the policy of assimilation has not been fully effective in overcoming social problems. This happened because it was still limited to the ideological efforts of several figures in the New Order government. As for the labeling of the terms "citizen of Chinese descent" and "non-native", it is still aimed at Indonesian citizens of Chinese descent in Surabaya who have totally assimilated themselves.Keywords: Indonesian Citizens of Chinese Descent, Surabaya, Assimilation.