bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kemampuan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia Dini (AUD) Melalui Metode Bercerita
Authors: Purwandari Elce , Handayani Nur , Agusta Okky Leo , Mabruria Arni , Haryanti Nik
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan sosial emosional anak usia dini (AUD) yang tepat dan efektif dengan diterapkannya metode bercerita di kelompok B TK Hamizan Lubuklinggau. Metode penelitian ini adalah action research untuk memperbaiki kemampuan sosial emosional AUD menggunakan metode bercerita melalui pemanfaatan media audiovisual berupa video. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 20 anak dengan rincian anak laki-laki berjumlah 14 anak, dan perempuan berjumlah 6 orang anak. Pada penelitian ini digunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar pada kemampuan sosial emosional dari siklus I sebesar 25%, pada siklus II menjadi 65% dan sikus III menjadi 100%. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan sosial emosional anak pada siklus I masih belum cukup baik dimana anak-anak kurang percaya diri dalam hal tanya jawab, kurang berani bercerita kedepan begitu juga dalam hal mengekspresikan perasaan. Namun, pada siklus II dan siklus III peningkatan kemampuan sosial emosional anak sudah mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dikarenakan penggunaan video pembelajaran, motivasi, dan bimbingan guru. Penerapan metode bercerita tepat dan efektif digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka rekomendasi untuk pendidik dapat menggunakan metode bercerita sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sosial emosial pada anak usia dini.
Mengembangkan Kemampuan Sosial Melalui Pendekatan Project Based Learning
Authors: Puspitasari Ratna Nila , Al Baqi Safiruddin
Published: June 2022

Kemampuan sosial anak penting untuk dikembangkan dikarena kemampuan sosial adalah kemampuan seorang anak untuk berinterkasi. Kemampuan sosial pada kelompok B masih rendah hal ini terlihat ketika anak diminta untuk melakukan kerjasama, mandiri dan bertanggung jawab anak masih belum mampu, dan berbagi dengan temannya pun belum mampu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan kemampuan sosial dengan pendekatan project based learning kelompok B RA Muslimat Nu 050 Subulul Huda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model Kurt Lewin. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah semua anak di kelompok B sebesar 21 anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 siklus yang terdiri dari 6 kali pertemuan, sehingga keseluruhan ada 12 kali pertemuan. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan sosial anak yakni kemampuan sosial dalam hal bekerjasama, kemandirian, bertanggung jawab, dan anak berbagi dengan temannya. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari nilai prasiklus sampai dengan nilai siklus II, yang mana mengalami kenaikan sebesar 32. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan project based learning dapat mengembangkan kemampuan sosial anak. Kemampuan sosial anak dapat dikembangkan dengan pendekatan student center sesuai dengan prinsip Pendidikan anak usia dini yang mana pusat pembelajaran adalah anak.
Numerical Simulation of the Straight-Swirling Integrated Jet and Its Application in Natural Gas Hydrate Drilling
Authors: Zhang Yiqun , Wu Xiaoya , Zhao Shuai , Hui Chengyu , Li Gensheng , Li Jingbin , Lu Jingsheng , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2022

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is a potential clean energy source and is buried abundantly in seafloor sediments. Waterjet is a key technology involved in both the marine NGH solid fluidization exploitation method and the integrated radial jet drilling and completion method. To improve the efficiency of breaking and extracting NGH through a waterjet, a straight-swirling integrated jet (SSIJ) nozzle is designed based on the convergent-divergent geometry and impeller in this study. With a computational fluid dynamics method, the 3D model of SSIJ is constructed, and the characteristics of velocity field, pressure field, cavitation cloud distribution, and turbulence kinetic energy are analyzed, the results of which are compared with conical jet (CJ), convergent-divergent jet (CDJ), and swirling jet (SJ). Laboratory experiments of gas hydrate-bearing sediments (GHBS) erosion by the four kinds of jets mentioned above are conducted to evaluate the jet erosion performance based on the in-house experimental apparatus for NGH generation and cavitating jet erosion. Results indicate that the SSIJ can significantly enhance the breaking volume and efficiency of waterjet erosion on GHBS compared with the other three methods. The most important driving force for improved efficiency is the 3D velocity, which can induce axial impact stress, radial tensile stress, and circumferential shear stress on the impinged GHBS. Additionally, the insertion of an impeller with the center hole greatly improves the cavitation erosion performance of SSIJ. This paper illustrates the erosion performance of four kinds of waterjets in breaking GHBS and provides preliminary insights into the potential field applications in NGH exploitation.
Long-term follow-up of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma following hepatectomy
Authors: Chen Jiangming , Geng Wei , Zhao Yi-jun , Xie Kun , Wang Guo-bin , Geng Xiao-ping , Liu Fu-bao
Published: June 2022

Backgroud: We present our experiences, particularly long term followup, of 20 patients who underwent operations for BCA or BCAC over the last 15 years in an effort to formulate more effective management strategiesMethods: Clinical data on patients with pathologically confirmed BCA or BCAC between June 2002 and May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Twenty patients were pathologically diagnosed with intrahepatic BCA (12) or BCAC (8); the mean ages for these 2 groups were 46.3 years and 62.0 years, respectively (P = 0.000). The main imaging feature for most BCA patients (83.3%) was cystic mass with septations. The main imaging features for BCAC were unilocular or unilocular cysts with papillary projections or solid portions. All BCAC patients received surgical treatment. No BCA patients developed recurrent cystadenoma after complete excision. Six (75 per cent) of the 8 BCAC patients died during a median follow-up time of 70.1months. Three deaths were due to metastasis. The median follow-up of BCAC patients without a recurrence was 116.5months (range 61–152).Conclusions: Factors associated with a higher likelihood of BCA or BCAC include being a middle-aged or older woman, having elevated serum CA19-9 levels, showing high-risk features on imaging, and having recurrent liver cyst(s). Radical excision is recommended to obtain long-term tumor-free survival.
Sources of Primary Bloodstream Infections in Internal Medicine Patients – a Cohort Study
Authors: Ben-Yosef Yonatan , Oster Yonatan , Cohen Matan J , Schwartz Carmela , Benenson Shmuel
Published: June 2022

Background
To describe the sources of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in internal-medicine patients, on admission and during hospitalization, and to determine the proportion of BSIs in which no secondary cause could be defined (i.e. primary-BSI).
Methods
We analyzed all BSIs at the internal-medicine wards of the two campuses of the Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, during 2017–2018. We defined the BSI source of each event (secondary, Central-line associated BSI (CLABSI) or primary non-CLABSI) and compared BSIs present on admission (POA) to hospital acquired (HA).
Results
There were 595 patient-unique BSI events, 316 (53.1%) POA-BSI and 279 (46.9%) HA-BSI. Overall, 309 (51.9%) were secondary, 194 (32.6%) primary non-CLABSI and 92 (15.5%) CLABSI. Primary non-CLABSI in the POA-BSI group was 20.6% vs. 46.2% in the HA-BSI group (p = 0.001). The length of hospital stay (LOS) from culture to discharge of the HA-BSI group was longer than in the POA-BSI group (mean LOS, 19 days vs. 13.6 days, p = 0.01) and the mortality rate was higher (48.7% vs. 19%, p = 0.001). Staphylococcus aureus was more common in primary non-CLABSI than in CLABSI and secondary BSI (29.5%, 12.8% and 16.2%, respectively).
Conclusions
The proportion of primary non-CLABSI among HA-BSI events is very high (46.2%). The absence of any plausible source for these BSIs, and the fact that most patients in Internal-medicine wards have peripheral lines, suggests that the peripheral catheter is a probable source for primary non-CLABSIs. Measures to prevent peripheral line associated BSI (PLABSI), similar to those implemented successfully for the prevention of CLABSI, should be considered.
Multivariate statistical analysis and Geospatial approach for evaluating Hydro-geochemical characteristics of meltwater from Shaune Garang Glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Rajesh , Bhardwaj Anshuman , Singh Atar , Singh Shaktiman , Kumari Anupma , Sinha Ravindra Kumar
Published: June 2022

The study focuses on the hydro-geochemistry of Shaune Garang glacier's meltwater concerning glacial geomorphology. Seventy-nine water samples (53 in 2016 and 26 in 2017) of ablation season were analyzed. The cations were dominant in the order Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, and the anions in the order HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3−. Ca2+. The result demonstrated that HCO3− were the abundant ions, accounting for 41.03 and 34.84% of the total ionic budget (TZ). The high ionic proportions of (Ca2++Mg2+) versus TZ+ and (Ca2++Mg2+) versus (Na++K+) were identified as the primary factors influencing dissolved ion chemistry in meltwater. Piper diagram shows that Ca2+– HCO3− type water is the most common, followed by Mg2+– HCO3−. In addition, a remote sensing approach has been used to find the possible source of the chemical constituents in the meltwater. The catchment geology has been mapped on various scales, including diverse rocks and unconsolidated surface materials containing "quartz and carbonate minerals". Layered silicates (LS) and "hydroxyl-bearing minerals" are not as common as they used to be, but their availability varies greatly in the area where they are found. The distribution of Layered silicate (LS) minerals within the catchment are majorly found at lower altitudes, which implies the weathering mechanism due to the interaction of meltwater and parental rock. Multivariate analysis revealed that CO3 and SiO2 weathering, sulphate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation dominate dissolved ion concentrations. Chemometric analysis of meltwater hydro-geochemistry through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explains 72.1% of the total variance of four PCs. PCs 1, 2, 3 and 4 explain 39.21%, 12.91%, 10.24% and 9.74% of variance respectively in 2016. Similarly, in 2017, four PCs explain 69.9.1% of the total variance. PC 1, 2, 3 and 4 can explain 26.62%, 20.12%, 12.64% and 10.52% of variance.
Electrodeposited Magnetic Nanoporous Membrane (MNM) with a Multi-Edge Superparamagnetic Heterogeneous Wedge Junction for High-Yield and High-Throughput Immunocapture of Specific Extracellular Vesicles and Lipoproteins
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , Huo Xiaoye , Zhu Yini , Higginbotham James , Lu Xin , Franklin Jeffrey , Vickers Kasey , Coffey Robert , Senapati Satyajyoti , Wang Ceming , Chang Hsueh-Chia
Published: June 2022

Superparamagnetic nanobeads offer several advantages over microbeads for immunocapture of specific molecular nanocarriers (extracellular vesicles, lipoproteins, and viruses) in a bioassay: high-yield capture, reduction in incubation time, and higher capture capacity. However, nanobeads are difficult to “pull-down” because their superparamagnetic feature requires high nanoscale magnetic field gradients in addition to high magnetic fields. Here, an electroplated track-etched membrane is shown to produce a unique superparamagnetic nano edge ring with multiple edges around each nanopore. With a uniform external magnetic field, the induced monopole and dipole of this nano edge junction combine to produce a 10x higher nanobead trapping force. A dense nanobead suspension can be filtered through the magnetic nanoporous membrane (MNM) at high throughput with a 99% bead capture rate. The capture yield of specific nanocarriers in heterogeneous media (filtered plasma and conditioned cell media) by nano-beads/MNM exceeds 80%. Quantification of RNA cargo in captured extracellular vesicles demonstrates a 60x increase in the capture rate of a specific microRNA relative to magnetic bead columns. Reproducibility, low loss, and concentration-independent capture rates are also demonstrated. This new MNM material hence significantly expands the application of nanobead immunocapture to heterogeneous physiological samples, such as plasma and saliva.
Associative gene networks reveal novel candidates important for ADHD and dyslexia comorbidity
Authors: He Hongyao , Gao Xiaoyan , Liu FangFang , Zhang Jing , Zhong Lin , Zuo Pengxiang , Song Ranran
Published: June 2022

Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is in a close correlation with developmental dyslexia (DD), which are both prevalent and complicated pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders that significantly affect the learning and development of children. Clinically, the comorbidity incidence of DD and ADHD is between 25 and 48%. Children with DD and ADHD may have more severe cognitive deficiencies, a poorer level of schooling, and a higher risk of social and emotional management disorders. Furthermore, patients with this comorbidity are frequently treated for a single condition in clinical settings, and the therapeutic outcome is poor. The development of efficient therapies for the diseases turns sophisticated due to their comorbidity characteristics. It has long been a critical issue in diagnosis and treatment. In the current research, bioinformatical methodology was developed to analyze the comorbidity of the two diseases. Therefore, finding candidate genes associated with comorbid conditions of ADHD and DD contributes to interpretation of the molecular mechanisms in comorbid conditions, genotype and identification of novel drug targets.
Results
With the ANDSystem tool, gene networks related to ADHD and dyslexia were reconstructed and analyzed. The gene network for ADHD contained 599 genes/proteins and 148978 interactions, and that for dyslexia contained 167 genes/proteins and 27083 interactions. When the ANDSystem and GeneCard data were combined, a total of 213 genes/proteins for ADHD and dyslexia were found. A method that could rank genes in comorbid conditions of these two diseases was presented. This method followed 10 criteria of ranking genes based on importance, such as relevance scores of association between disease and genes, standard gene prioritization methods, and original criteria considering the features in an associative gene network and known polymorphisms of the analyzed genes. With the presented method, genes OPRM1, CHRNA4 and SNCA were found to have the highest priority in developing comorbidity of the two diseases. In addition, research showed the involvement of the most relevant genes in biological processes associated with signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, chemical synaptic transmission, response to drugs, ion transmembrane transport, nervous system development, cell adhesion, as well as neuron migration.
Conclusions
Gene network reconstruction and analysis methods can be used in the study on the molecular mechanisms in comorbid conditions. The proposed method ranking genes based on importance in comorbid conditions of ADHD and dyslexia was used to predict genes that play key roles in the development of the comorbid condition. The findings provide a reference for experiments conducted to identify new candidate genes and find new pharmacological targets.
Effects of premedication with nasal spray esketamine on preoperative separation anxiety and postoperative emergence agitation in preschoolers undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for strabismus surgery
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Ruiqiang , Gao Xuesong , Wang Shuzhen
Published: June 2022

Study Objectives: The purpose of this study is to confirm that preoperative nasal spray esketamine administration can reduce separation anxiety in pediatric patients and can decrease the occurrence of emergence agitation in children undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for strabismus surgery.Design: Randomized, double-blind clinical controlled trial.Patients: The trial included 90 children with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰand Ⅱ who underwent elective strabismus surgery.Interventions: The children were randomly divided into 3 groups: group S1, group S2, and group C, and the intervention of each group was as follows:the children in group S1 were given 0.5mg/kg esketamine by nasal spray 10 minutes before operation, the children in group S2 were received 1mg/kg esketamine by nasal spray 10 minutes before operation, the children in group C were accepted same volume of normal saline by nasal spray 10 minutes before operation.Measurements: The observation indicators of this test include Ramsay Sedation score, separation anxiety score, mask induction score and the incidences of postoperative emergence agitation. Patient's heart rate, blood oxygen, PACU stay time, and any adverse events were recorded.Main Results: The Ramsay sedation score were significantly lower in the group C than those in the S1 andS2 groups (P <0.05). The separation anxiety score and mask induction scores were significantly higher in the group C than those in the S1 andS2 groups (P <0.05).The incidences of emergence agitation in the S1 and S2 groups were significantly lower than that in the group C (P <0.05). There was no difference in the PACU stay time among the 3 groups (P >0.05). All patients had no obvious clinical complications.Conclusion: Premedication with nasal spray esketamine could reduce preoperative separation anxiety and decrease emergence agitation in preschoolers undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for strabismus surgery.Trial registration: Registered number is ChiCTR2100045441. Registered 15Apr 2021,Registration website http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=125156
Effect of Date Molasses on Levetiracetam Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Rats
Authors: Dayyih Wael Abu , Layth Raghad , Hailat Mohammad , Alkhawaja Bayan , AlTamimi Lina , Zakaraya Zainab , Aburumman Aseel , Dmour Nisreen Al , Al-Matubsi Hisham , Saadh Mohamed , Aldalaen Saed
Published: June 2022

Eighteen healthy eight-week-old male Wister rats weighing 200 g were used. Rats were chosen randomly, their tails were identified, and separated into cages/groups. The first group received 0.1 mL of levetiracetam intravenously. The second received an oral dose of 11.5 mg of levetiracetam in 5 mL of water, and the third was the control group.. One week of pre-administered date molasses significantly decreased levetiracetam pharmacokinetic parameters in rats, as Cmax (72 vs. 14 ng/mL, p = 0.01), Tmax (1.78 vs. 0.44 hr, p < 0.001), and AUC (880 vs. 258 ng.h/mL, p < 0.001). This decrease in plasma levetiracetam levels caused by date molasses could be attributed to decreased levetiracetam absorption. On the other hand, the current study discovered that rats given date molasses for a week had a reduced rate and extent of absorption. Polysaccharides in date molasses could theoretically increase the risk of epileptic seizures. When taking levetiracetam to stop epileptic seizures, doctors and patients should be told not to overdose.
A novel hemizygous CD40L mutation of X-linked hyper IgM syndromes and compound heterozygous DOCK8 mutations of Hyper IgE syndromes in two Chinese families
Authors: Zhao Fei , Liu Xiuxiang , Liu Wenmiao , Wang Fengqi , Qu Niyan , Liu Shiguo
Published: June 2022

Background
X-linked hyper IgM syndromes (X-HIGM) and autosomal recessive hyper IgE syndromes (HIES) are rare primary immunodeficiency diseases, characterized by recurrent infections due to the impairment in immune system. This study was aimed to investigate genotype-phenotype association and reveal the novel likely pathogenic mutations in CD40L and DOCK8 responsible to patients with X-HIGM and HIES respectively.
Methods
Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify and verify the likely pathogenic mutations in the two families.
Results
A novel hemizygous mutation for CD40L in exon 2 (c.257delA) was identified in the first proband resulting in the substitution of glycine for glutamic acid at 86 codon of the protein causing the early termination of translation at downstream codon 9 (p.E86Gfs*9). Sanger sequencing verified that the variant was inherited from his mother. The second proband carried two novel compound heterozygous mutations in DOCK8, one at exon 14, c.1546C > G inherited from his father, another at exon 41, c.5355 + 6C > T(splicing) from his mother.
Conclusion
This study extends our knowledge to pathogenetic mutations spectrum of CD40L and DOCK8 which is helpful for accelerating prenatal diagnosis of X-HIGM and HIES and promoting timely treatment of patients.
Atomically-thin Single-photon Sources for Quantum Communication
Authors: Heindel Tobias , Gao Timm , von Helversen Martin , Anton-Solanas Carlos , Schneider Christian
Published: June 2022

To date, quantum communication widely relies on attenuated lasers for secret key generation. In future quantum networks fundamental limitations resulting from their probabilistic photon distribution must be overcome by using deterministic quantum light sources. Confined excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) constitute a novel type of emitter for quantum light generation. These atomically-thin solid-state sources show appealing prospects for large-scale and low-cost device integration, meeting the demands of quantum information technologies. Here, we pioneer the practical suitability of TMDC devices in quantum communication. We employ a WSe2 monolayer single-photon source to emulate the BB84 protocol in a quantum key distribution (QKD) setup and achieve raw key rates of up to 66.95 kHz and antibunching values down to 0.034 - a performance competitive with QKD experiments using semiconductor quantum dots or color centers in diamond. Our work opens the route towards wider applications of quantum information technologies using TMDC single-photon sources.
The effects of foliar application of alginate oligosaccharide at different stage on wheat yield components
Authors: Zhao Xiaoming , Zhang Rui , Wang Wenxia , Hong Bo , Zhang Shulian , Yin Heng
Published: June 2022

In the near and future climate change scenarios, agricultural meteorological disasters, such as drought, cold damage and high temperature, will occur frequently, which will seriously affect agricultural production yield. Oligosaccharides can improve crop stress resistance and protect crop growth. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) were prepared by enzymatic degradation of alginate extracted from brown algae. In order to study the growth promotion behavior of Alginate oligosaccharide on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100mg/L aqueous solution of AOS were applied through foliar spraying at the greening stage, jointing stage and booting stage of wheat. The effects of different treatments on wheat yield and yield components were studied in Yongshou county dry farming experiment station of northwest A&F University located in the Weibei Arid Plateau of Shaanxi province. Foliar application of alginate oligosaccharides had a significant effect on the yield of tested three varieties. The effect of leaf spraying of alginate oligosaccharides on the yield of dryland wheat was greatly related to the spraying period, alginate oligosaccharide concentration and variety. The yield of wheat was significantly increased when wheat was treated with 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L, and the yield increase range was 3.21-17.51% on CH1and TM6 variety, but the yield of ZM 175 was not significantly affected．The yield of wheat was reduced when wheat was treated with 100 mg/L. Spraying 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L alginate oligosaccharide at the greening stage, jointing stage and heading stage of wheat increased the number of grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight of wheat. The spike number, the number of grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight of wheat were the main factors that formed wheat yield. Alginate oligosaccharides increased the levels of these three factors, thus increasing wheat yield.
Dust Source and Susceptibility Map in Iran and Iraq: Application of Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Pourhashemi Sima , asadi Mohamadali Zanganeh , Boroughani Mahdi , Azadi Hossein
Published: June 2022

The dust storm is one of the major environmental problems that has affected many arid regions of the world. This research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the dust source area (DSA) and to prepare a sensitivity map in Khuzestan province in Iran and Al-Basrah and Maysan provinces in Iraq. For this research, Remote Sensing (RS) techniques and machine learning techniques, including Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), Random Forest (RF), and Logistic Regression (LR), were used for dust source identification and susceptibility map. One hundred fifty-two DSA for a period of 2005–2020 were identified in the study area. Seventy percent of sources were selected for the Dust Source Susceptibility Mapping (DSSM) (training dataset), and thirty percent of sources were used for model validation. Consequently, six factors including soil, lithology, slope, and normalized vegetation differential index, geomorphology, and land use units were prepared as independent and effective variables on the DSA. The results of all three models indicated that land use had the most impact on the creation of DSA. The validation results of these models using the training data showed sub-curves of 0.92, 0.86, and 0.76 for the RF, MARS, and LR models, respectively. Also, the outcome showed that the RF model had the best performance in comparison with MARS (AUC = 0.89) and LR (AUC = 0.78) methods. The results showed that in all three models, high and very high susceptibility classes generally covered a large percentage of the case study. The highest percentage of dust source points was also in this susceptibility category. The results of this study can be useful for planners and managers to control and reduce the risk of negative dust consequences.
RIG-I and TLR-7/8 agonists as combination adjuvant shape unique antibody and cellular vaccine responses to seasonal influenza vaccine
Authors: Jangra Sonia , Laghlali Gabriel , Choi Angela , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Chen Yong , Yildiz Soner , Coughlan Lynda , De Geest Bruno , Garcia-Sastre Adolfo , Schotsaert Michael
Published: June 2022

Influenza vaccine effectiveness could be improved by combination with an adjuvant with the potential to enhance the host-vaccine response both quantitatively and qualitatively. The goal of this study was to explore a RIG-I agonist (SDI-nanogel) and a TLR7/8 agonist (Imidazoquinoline (IMDQ)‐PEG‐Chol) as adjuvants, when co-administered with a licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), and to determine the role of these adjuvants in directing helper T (Th) cell responses for their role in the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. Administration of QIV with the two adjuvants, individually or combined, resulted in enhanced HA-specific serum ELISA IgG titers, serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers and splenic T cell responses as examined by IFN-γ and IL-4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays, 4-weeks post-prime and post-boost vaccination in BALB/c mice. While QIV+SDI-nanogel largely induced antigen-specific IgG1 responses, QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol predominantly induced IgG2a antibody isotypes post-prime vaccination, suggesting efficient induction of Th2 (IL-4) and Th1 (IFN-γ) responses, respectively. Combination of the two adjuvants not only skewed the response completely towards IgG2a, but also resulted in induction of HAI titers that outperformed groups that received single adjuvant. Moreover, enhanced IgG2a titers correlate with antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) that targets both the highly conserved H1 hemagglutination (HA) stalk domain and N1 neuraminidase (NA). A booster vaccination with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol resulted in a more balanced IgG1/IgG2a response in animals primed with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol but increased only IgG2a titers in animals that received the combination adjuvant during prime vaccination, suggesting that class switching events in germinal centres during the prime vaccination contribute to the outcome of booster vaccination. Importantly, IMDQ-PEG-Chol, alone or in combination, always outperformed the oil-in-water control adjuvant Addavax. Vaccine-induced antibody and T cell responses correlated with protection against lethal influenza virus infection. This study details the benefit of adjuvants that target multiple innate immune receptors to shape the host vaccine response.
Ubiquitous Superconducting Diode Effect in Superconductor Thin Films
Authors: Hou Yasen , Nichele Fabrizio , Chi Hang , Lodesani Alessandro , Wu Yingying , Ritter Markus , Haxell Daniel , Davydova Margarita , Ilić Stefan , Bergeret Sebastian , Kamra Akashdeep , Fu Liang , Lee Patrick , Moodera Jagadeesh
Published: June 2022

A superconductor exhibiting a polarity-dependent critical current is of fundamental as well as technological interest, because the superconducting (SC) layer can then admit a perfect dissipationless transmission along one direction while offering a large resistance along the opposite, leading to a phenomenon called SC diode effect or rectification. Here we demonstrate that SC diode effects are ubiquitous in superconductors and observable in a large variety of settings. Controllable via an out-of-plane magnetic field, we observe an extremely sensitive SC diode effect (type A) in superconducting vanadium or niobium stripes with symmetry breaking between their two edges. Nonreciprocity of critical current results from an out-of-plane field as small as 1 Oe, while the diode efficiency and polarity are manipulated via the strength and direction of the field. With the out-of-plane field carefully eliminated, an in-plane field also creates a sizeable asymmetry between critical currents (type B), regardless of whether this field is perpendicular or parallel to the current flow direction. Finally, we demonstrate nonreciprocal critical currents with a giant diode efficiency reaching 65% when the SC V film couples to a ferromagnetic EuS layer with in-plane magnetization orthogonal to current flow (type C) and a clear diode rectification is seen. This is also realized at zero applied field, in the remnant magnetic state of EuS. Our observations show the ubiquity of the superconducting diode effect, and pave the way for the development of versatile SC rectifiers employing simple structures using widely available materials.
Determinants of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopian Hospitals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: seyoum Kenbon , Tekalegn Yohannes , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Atlaw Daniel , Kene Chala , Geta Girma , Gomora Degefa , Ejigu Neway , Mesfin Telila , Chattu Vijay Kumar
Published: June 2022

Background: Sepsis is a fatal disease that occurs when the body reacts to infections by damaging its organs. Neonatal sepsis occurs in newborns less than 90 days. Several studies have identified risk factors for neonatal sepsis, but they are limited to a specific area and are inconclusive. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between the mode of delivery, prolonged rupture of membrane, APGAR score, and neonatal sepsis in newborns who develop sepsis in Ethiopia. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Hinari, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched for eligible studies. Authors also conducted a grey literature search (e.g., Google and the digital library of Addis Ababa University). The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal tools for case-control and cross-sectional studies were used to assess the quality of included articles. Both random and fixed-effect model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio. The Cochrane Q-statistics and I2 tests assessed heterogeneity between included studies. Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results: A total of 130 articles were retrieved through primary search, and 15 studies comprising 4,895 study participants were included. In this study, cesarean section delivery [odds ratio (OR:1.36,95 CI:1.05-1.76)], prolonged rupture of membrane (OR:4.03,95CI:1.88-8.60), low first minute APGAR score (OR: 3.33, 95 CI:2.42-4.58) ,low fifth minute (OR:2.72, 95 CI:2.02-3.67) APGAR score and delayed initiation of breastfeeding (OR: 3.41, 95 CI:2.18-5.36) were found to have a positive association with neonatal sepsis.Conclusion: Mode of delivery, duration of rupture of membrane, APGAR score and time of initiation of breastfeeding have a role in the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Adhering to standard infection prevention measures and minimizing factors that lead to cesarean delivery and premature rupture of membrane may help to reduce the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. In addition, following clean resuscitation procedures and early initiation of breastfeeding is important.
Protective effect of Protocatechuic acid on Acetaminophen - induced liver toxicity in mice
Authors: Mousavi Zahra , khodayar Mohammad Javad , Bazle Mohammad Hossein , Asadmasjedi Nooshin , Abyaz Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2022

Background
Acetaminophen (APAP) is known as a safe drug for the relief of fever and pain at therapeutic levels. However, APAP toxicity is considered as the most general cause of acute hepatic damage. This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Protocatechuic acid (PCA), as an antioxidant, on the APAP-induced liver toxicity in mice.
Methods
In this regard, we treated male ICR mice with 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg PCA followed by 300 mg/kg APAP 1 h later for 7 days. By passing 24 h from the APAP administration, they were sacrificed, their Liver was dissected, and blood samples were collected for the evaluation of liver function.
Results
The results show that APAP-overdose (300mg/kg, IP) could lead to acute liver injury in mice, which is characterized by a rise in serum liver function tests (AST, ALT), pathological changes, and a decline in the antioxidant defense system. In addition, hepatic MDA levels, as the end product of lipid peroxidation, have increased, while the antioxidant enzymes such as GPX, SOD, and CAT activities have decreased in mice. In contrast, it was shown that pre-treatment with PCA could decline MDA, ALT, and AST levels and obviously attenuate the liver histological damage and the antioxidant enzymes. Finally, the results show that PCA had protective effects on the APAP-induced liver damage in mice.
Conclusions
Our studies show that hepatoprotective natural agents can be effective in APAP -liver toxicity.
Individual specialization and temporal consistency in resource use by olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Authors: Petitet Roberta , Castilhos Jaqueline C. , Bugoni Leandro
Published: June 2022

During ontogenetic development, several types of marine vertebrates commonly switch their habitats and resources used. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen in lines of arrested growth in humeri of adult olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were analysed to detect habitat use and dietary shifts over time. Adult turtles from northeastern Brazil undergo a marked ontogenetic shift at approximately 17 years old, which is within the range of estimates of age at sexual maturity, when individuals recruit from oceanic waters to coastal waters to breed. After this period, however, some individuals seem to inhabit continental shelf waters instead of returning to offshore areas. Young adults (12 to 18 years old) and older adults (19 to 23 years old) showed similar degrees of individual specialization based on both δ13C and δ15N values. Nonetheless, older adults displayed less variable carbon and nitrogen values over time than did young adults, suggesting consistent use of the same feeding grounds as the turtles age. Overall, adults form a generalist population with specialist individuals. Isotopic niches and potential prey contributions are consistent with this classification, reinforcing the high plasticity of habitat use by olive ridleys. The individual variability and variable habitats used make olive ridleys susceptible to fisheries bycatch in neritic and pelagic habitats, where shrimp trawl and pelagic longline fisheries occur, respectively. Therefore, the year-round cycle of this species indicates the need for actions to be taken in both coastal and offshore areas to reduce adult mortality and achieve effective conservation.
Outcome prediction of pediatric moyamoya disease using midterm cerebral blood flow measured between staged anastomoses
Authors: Nomura Sadahiro , Oka Fumiaki , Fujii Natsumi , Nishimoto Takuma , Ishihara Hideyuki
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Cognitive outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease are variable and difficult to predict on the basis of initial neurological signs and examinations. To determine the best early time point for outcome prediction, we retrospectively analyzed the correlation between cognitive outcomes and the cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CRC) measured before, between, and after staged bilateral anastomoses.
Methods
Twenty-two patients aged 4–15 years were included in this study. CRC was measured before the first hemispheric surgery (preoperative CRC), 1 year after the first surgery (midterm CRC), and 1 year after the surgery on the other side (final CRC). The cognitive outcome was the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPCS) grade more than 2 years after the final surgery.
Results
The 17 patients with favorable outcomes (PCPCS grades 1 or 2) showed a preoperative CRC of 4.9% ± 11.2%, which was not better than that of the five patients with unfavorable outcomes (grade 3; 0.3% ± 8.5%, p = 0.5). The 17 patients with favorable outcomes showed a midterm CRC of 23.8% ± 15.3%, which was significantly better than that of the five patients with unfavorable outcomes (–2.5% ± 12.1%, p = 0.004). The difference was much more significant for the final CRC, which was 24.8% ± 13.1% in the patients with favorable outcomes and − 11.3% ± 6.7% in those with unfavorable outcomes (p = 0.00004).
Conclusion
Cognitive outcomes were first clearly discriminated by the CRC after the first-side unilateral anastomosis, which is the optimal early timing for prediction of individual prognosis.
Effect of heat treatment on blue and green light emitted from europium doped bismuth germanium oxide glass.
Authors: Ratep A. , Kashif Ismail
Published: June 2022

Glass samples with the composition 40 Bi2O3-60 GeO2-x Er2O3 are prepared using the melt quenching procedure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Ultraviolet/Visible/Near-infrared (UV/Vis-NIR) absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) used to characterize the glass and glass-ceramic materials. The glass transition and crystallization temperatures are determined. Crystallization kinetics was studied in non-isothermal conditions. Theoretical oscillator strengths and Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) for reported Er3+ absorption transitions are estimated using traditional Judd–Ofelt theory, and they follow the trend Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4 for observed Er3+ absorption transitions. The iconicity of glass samples was unaffected by an increase in Er3+ ions. XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of the Bi4Ge3O12 phase after heat treatment of glass samples at the crystallization temperature. The CIE chromaticity diagram computes the CIE chromatic coordinates. The values for all glass and crystal samples are close to bright blue and green.
Prediction of 30-day risk of acute exacerbation of readmission in elderly patients with COPD based on support vector machine model
Authors: Zhang Rui , Lu HongYan , Chang Yan , Zhang XiaoNa , Zhao Jie , Li XinDan
Published: June 2022

Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important event in the process of disease management. Early identification of high-risk groups for readmission and appropriate measures can avoid readmission in some groups, but there is still a lack of specific prediction tools.The predictive performance of the model built by support vector Machine（SVM） has been gradually recognized by the medical field. This study intends to predict the risk of acute exacerbation of readmission in elderly COPD patients within 30 days by SVM, in order to provide scientific basis for screening and prevention of high-risk patients with readmission.Methods: A total of 1058 elderly COPD patients from the respiratory department of 13 general hospitals in Ningxia region of China from April 2019 to August 2020 were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling method, and were followed up to 30 days after discharge. Discusse the influencing factors of patient readmission , and built four kernel function models of Linear-SVM, Polynomial-SVM, Sigmoid-SVM and RBF-SVM based on the influencing factors.According to the ratio of training set and test set 7:3, they are divided into training set samples and test set samples, Analyze and Compare the prediction efficiency of the four kernel functions by the precision, recall, accuracy, F1 index and Area under curve(AUC).Results: Education level, smoking status, coronary heart disease, hospitalization times of acute exacerbation of COPD in the past 1 year, whether Long-term home oxygen therapy, whether regular medication, nutritional status and seasonal factors were the influencing factors for readmission. The training set shows that Linear-SVM、Polynomial-SVM、Sigmoid-SVM and RBF-SVM precision respectively were 69.89, 78.07, 79.37 and 84.21; Recall respectively were 50.78、69.53、78.74 and 88.19; Accuracy respectively were 83.92、88.69、90.81 and 93.82; F1 index respectively were 0.59、0.74、0.79 and 0.86; AUC were 0.722、0.819、0.866 and 0.918。Test set precision respectively were86.36、87.50、80.77 and 88.24; Recall respectively were51.35、75.68、56.76 and 81.08; Accuracy respectively were 85.11、90.78、85.11 and 92.20; F1 index respectively were 0.64、0.81、0.67 and 0.85; AUC respectively were 0.742、0.858、0.759 and 0.885.Conclusions: The overall prediction performance of SVM model is good, and the Prediction performance of RBF-SVM model is the best.
Quantifying the Cooling Effect of Tropical Cyclones
on the Climate System
Authors: Hu Liang , Ritchie Elizabeth , Tyo J.
Published: June 2022

The net radiation due to 20 years of global tropical cyclones is calculated and the corresponding contribution to the earth energy balance is analyzed. Through their clouds, tropical cyclones are shown to increase the upwelling radiation at the top of the atmosphere compared with the clear sky condition. This provides an overall cooling effect on the climate system by increasing reflected shortwave (cooling) and decreasing emitted longwave (warming) radiation. The amount of cooling represents a considerable fraction of the excess warming energy in the climate system, but it is opposite in sign. While there are some tropical cyclones with net-warming effect, the majority are net cooling and these tend to represent both more intense and earlier-season systems. Current understanding predicts an increase in the proportion of intense tropical cyclones due to a warming climate, so this cooling effect serves as potential negative feedback on the warming climate system.
Attending pediatric acutely ill patients at home: families’ socioeconomic characterization, expectations, and experience
Authors: Batlle Astrid , Thió-Henestrosa Santiago , López Sandra , Moya Isabel , Fernández José Carlos , Fernandez-Sevilla Mariona , García-García Juan José
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To have a thorough understanding of an acute pediatric homecare program, it is essential to analyze all factors related to the matter: medical, social, economic, and families’ experience. No studies have been found describing profusely this topic in such a complex program like ours (considering diseases and treatments offered). With this study, we will obtain a fine population characterization and families’ needs understanding. This will contribute to a better knowledge of our program and the detection of its possible deficiencies.Methods: This is a prospective quantitative and qualitative study. 372/532 families are asked to answer two independent questionnaires (preadmission and postadmission), aimed to: understand their socioeconomic characteristics; assess families’ expectations and experience; and identify factors influencing the homecare preference. Results are presented in frequencies and comparisons (Fisher’s exact test). Results: Families have an adequate social network; workload is less than expected and most families would repeat the experience despite it; expectations regarding caregiver’s well-being at home were better than the actual situation, as some experienced anxiety or fear; and rating is better in homecare compared with inpatient care. Conclusions: Despite limitations (participants’ voluntariness to respond the surveys and lack of inpatient hospitalization’s socioeconomic data to compare with homecare), this study offers the possibility of improving our service portfolio, focusing on vulnerable families’ access to the program and caregiver’s risk of burnout.
Low-dose irradiation promotes bone regeneration through osteoblasts proliferation and M2 polarization of macrophages
Authors: Chen Shaoqing , Ni Su , Liu Chun , He Mu , Pan Yiwen , Cui Pengfei , Wang Cheng , Ni Xinye
Published: June 2022

Background: Current studies still have a controversy on the effect and doses of irradiation (IR) on bone regeneration. Moreover, the mechanisms of IR to bone regeneration mainly focus on the direct effects on osteoblasts, with neglect to the role of the surrounding immune environment. Our purpose was to explore the effect of IR on osteoblasts proliferation and macrophages polarity.Results: Here in this study, we firstly established the rat cranial defects model and revealed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy gradually promoted bone regeneration, while high-dose IR>2Gy inhibited bone regeneration. The change of macrophage polarity in peripheral blood samples showed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy triggered M2 polarization of macrophages, high-dose IR>2 Gy led to M1 polarization. The cellular level also showed the similar results, mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophages cells (Raw264.7) exhibited M2 polarization under low-dose IR≤2 Gy, and M1 polarization under high-dose IR>2Gy. Furthermore low-dose IR≤2 Gy promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts, while high-dose IR>2 Gy exhibited the opposite result. The co-culture results showed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy not only promoted bone regeneration through osteoblasts proliferation, but also promoted bone regeneration through M2 polarization of Raw264.7 cells, while high-dose IR>2 Gy had the opposite effect.Conclusions: Our findings have revealed that low-dose IR≤2 Gy promotes bone regeneration by indirectly promoting macrophage M2 polarization and direct osteoblast proliferation, while high-dose IR>2 Gy has the opposite effect, which might offer inspirations for the related studies.