bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-aspiration in Bethesda Welsh: A sociophonetic analysis
Authors: Morris Jonathan , Hejná Míša
Published: March 2019

Previous research has shown that pre-aspiration can be a phonemic and a variable linguistic feature susceptible to linguistic and extra-linguistic influences. In the case of Welsh, previous exploratory work has found the presence of pre-aspiration (Ball 1984, Morris 2010, Spooner 2016, Iosad forthcoming), but the phonetic and phonological properties of this feature and its sociophonetic patterning in the language are not known. This article presents analyses of the variety of Welsh spoken in Bethesda (Gwynedd). It reports the frequency of occurrence of pre-aspiration, its duration, and noisiness. As well as describing pre-aspiration, it attempts to ascertain the extent to which this feature is influenced by linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Wordlist data were analysed from 16 Welsh–English bilinguals from Bethesda (Gwynedd, North Wales). Speakers were aged between 16 and 18 years old and the sample was stratified by speaker sex and home language (either Welsh or English). The results indicate that pre-aspiration is frequent in both fortis and lenis plosives (the latter of which are typically devoiced in Welsh). In addition to a number of linguistic influences on its production, both speaker sex and home language were found to be significant predictors of variation for some measures. The results are discussed with reference to previous studies of pre-aspiration in other languages and work on phonetic variation in Welsh–English bilingual speech.
Food security and obesity: Can passerine foraging behavior inform explanations for human weight gain?
Authors: Pool Ursula
Published: March 2019

Commonly used measures of human food insecurity differ categorically from measures determining food security in other species. In addition, human foraging behaviors may have arisen in a divergent evolutionary context from nonhuman foraging. Hence, a theoretical framework based on food insecurity and fat storage in nonhumans may not be appropriate for explaining associations between human food insecurity and obesity.
Hoarding all of the chips: Slot machine gambling and the foraging for coins
Authors: Robinson Mike James Ferrar
Published: March 2019

Predictions made by the “incentive hope” hypothesis account for overconsumption in unpredictable food environments. However, when applied to uncertain gambling situations, there are several areas where this theory falls short. Most notably, it has trouble explaining why, in slot machine gambling, players are motivated by extended play to spend time trying to resolve uncertainty, rather than hoarding monetary gains.
Simulating exploration versus exploitation in agent foraging under different environment uncertainties
Authors: Chmait Nader , Dowe David L. , Green David G. , Li Yuan-Fang
Published: March 2019

For artificial agents trading off exploration (food seeking) versus (short-term) exploitation (or consumption), our experiments suggest that uncertainty (interpreted information, theoretically) magnifies food seeking. In more uncertain environments, with food distributed uniformly randomly, exploration appears to be beneficial. In contrast, in biassed (less uncertain) environments, with food concentrated in only one part, exploitation appears to be more advantageous. Agents also appear to do better in biassed environments.
Food-seeking behavior has complex evolutionary pressures in songbirds: Linking parental foraging to offspring sexual selection
Authors: Snyder Kate T. , Creanza Nicole
Published: March 2019

The target article addresses increased food-seeking behaviors in times of instability, particularly in passerines. We note that food instability might have intergenerational effects on birds: Nutritional stress during development affects song-learning abilities, associating parental foraging with offspring sexual selection. We explore the implications of these compounding selection pressures on food-seeking motivation during breeding, as well as the hormonal underpinnings of these behaviors.
Dispersive double bent crystal monochromators Si(111) + Si(311) and Si(111) + Si(400) with a strongly asymmetric diffraction geometry of the analyzer for powder diffractometry
Authors: Mikula P. , Vrana M. , Saroun J. , Stammers J. , Em V.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, some results of neutron diffraction properties of the dispersive double-crystal Si(111) + Si(311) and Si(111) + Si(400) monochromator settings containing two bent perfect crystals but with the second one – analyzer in the strongly asymmetric diffraction geometry, are presented. For the sake of possible applications, both double crystal settings were tested in the orientation of the second crystal for the output beam compression geometry. Powder diffraction test was carried out on a α-Fe(211) pin of the diameter of 2 mm. Contrary to the Si(111) + Si(400) setting, an excellent resolution represented by full width at half maximum in the (Δd/d)-scale was obtained for the Si(111) + Si(311) double crystal monochromator in the parallel as well as in the antiparallel diffraction geometry.
THE ISSUE OF FREE BANKING DURING THE BULLIONIST CONTROVERSY
Authors: Rallo Juan Ramón
Published: March 2019

The discussions of the Bullionist Controversy were closely related to the effects of inconvertibility on prices and exchange rates. However, during their discussions, economists had a need to address other important questions such as the convenience of free banking. In this paper, we will study the perspective of the different schools involved in the debate on this issue: we will show that their positions were wholly coherent with their underlying assumptions on the nature of monetary assets. The economists who viewed gold and banknotes as perfect substitutes, such as the radical bullionists, tended to favor a ban on free banking. On the contrary, the economists who viewed banknotes and gold as imperfect substitutes, such as the moderate bullionists and antibullionists, were inclined to favor free banking.
Spray deposition, adjuvants, and physiochemical properties affect benzobicyclon efficacy
Authors: Brabham Chad , Norsworthy Jason K. , Sandoski Craig A. , Varanasi Vijay K. , Schwartz-Lazaro Lauren M.
Published: March 2019

Benzobicyclon is a new pro-herbicide being evaluated in the Midsouth United States as a post-flood weed control option in rice. Applications of benzobicyclon to flooded rice are necessary for efficacious herbicide activity, but why this is so remains unknown. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to explore how herbicide placement (foliage only, flood water only, foliage and flood water simultaneously) and adjuvants (nonionic surfactant, crop oil concentrate, and methylated seed oil [MSO]) affect herbicide activity. The first experiment focused on importance of herbicide placement. Little to no herbicidal activity (<18% visual control) was observed on two- to four-leaf barnyardgrass, Amazon sprangletop, and benzobicyclon-susceptible weedy rice with benzobicyclon treatments applied to weed foliage only. In contrast, applications made only to the flood water accounted for >82% of the weed control and biomass reduction achieved when benzobicyclon was applied to flood water and foliage simultaneously. The second experiment concentrated on adjuvant type and benzobicyclon efficacy when applied to foliage and flood water simultaneously. At 28 days after treatment, benzobicyclon alone at 371 g ai ha−1 provided 29% and 67% control of three- to five-leaf barnyardgrass and Amazon sprangletop, respectively. The inclusion of any adjuvant significantly increased control, with MSO providing near-complete control of barnyardgrass and Amazon sprangletop. Furthermore, we used the physiochemical properties of benzobicyclon and benzobicyclon hydrolysate to derive theories to explain the complex activity of benzobicyclon observed in our study and in field trials. Benzobicyclon applications should contain an oil-based adjuvant and must be applied to flooded rice fields for optimal activity.
Detecting Signals of Large‐Scale Climate Phenomena in Discharge and Nutrient Loads in the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin
Authors: Smits A. P. , Ruffing C. M. , Royer T. V. , Appling A. P. , Griffiths N. A. , Bellmore R. , Scheuerell M. D. , Harms T. K. , Jones J. B.
Published: March 2019

Agricultural runoff from the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin delivers nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the Gulf of Mexico, causing hypoxia, and climate drives interannual variation in nutrient loads. Climate phenomena such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation may influence nutrient export through effects on river flow, nutrient uptake, or biogeochemical transformation, but landscape variation at smaller spatial scales can mask climate signals in load or discharge time series within large river networks. We used multivariate autoregressive state‐space modeling to investigate climate signals in the long‐term record (1979–2014) of discharge, N, P, and SiO2 loads at three nested spatial scales within the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin. We detected significant signals of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and land‐surface temperature anomalies in N loads but not discharge, SiO2, or P, suggesting that large‐scale climate phenomena contribute to interannual variation in nutrient loads through biogeochemical mechanisms beyond simple discharge‐load relationships.
On the Timescale of Magma Ocean Solidification and Its Chemical Consequences: 2. Compositional Differentiation Under Crystal Accumulation and Matrix Compaction
Authors: Miyazaki Yoshinori , Korenaga Jun
Published: March 2019

The solidification of a putative magma ocean sets the stage for subsequent subsolidus mantle convection. Whereas it may have resulted in a compositionally stratified mantle, the efficiency of relevant processes to cause chemical differentiation, such as crystal accumulation and matrix compaction, remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to present the thermochemical structure of end‐member cases where potential differentiation mechanisms are taking full effect. We employ a self‐consistent thermodynamic model to make our model consistent in both thermal and chemical aspects. The accumulation of crystals at the base of magma ocean can enrich the upper mantle with iron, but such a global‐scale compositional stratification is likely to be quickly eliminated by gravitational instability, leaving small‐scale heterogeneities only. On the other hand, the compaction of solid matrix in the deep mantle creates a long‐lasting molten layer above the core‐mantle boundary. Our results suggest that the efficiency of compaction is the key factor to generate compositional stratification during solidification.
Quantifying Regional Sensitivities to Periodic Events: Application to the MJO
Authors: Jenney A. M. , Randall D. A. , Barnes E. A.
Published: March 2019

As the forecasting community works toward skillfully applying the predictive power of periodic events, it is increasingly useful to quantify regional sensitivities to their influence. We have developed an index to quantify these regional Sensitivities To the Remote Influence of Periodic EventS (STRIPES). Here, periodic events are climate phenomena that smoothly evolve through their life cycles, such as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). The STRIPES index compiles the information obtained through composite analysis of variables after a periodic event into a single number, which includes information about the life cycle of the event, and for a range of lags with respect to each stage of the event. The STRIPES index quantifies the strength and consistency of a region's response to the remote event. Because the index can be computed for a single point, it can be plotted on a map to show regional variations. We demonstrate the utility of the STRIPES index by applying it to observations of daily geopotential height, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation totals for winters between 1974 and 2017. Results for geopotential height show strong sensitivities in the extratropics, indicative of the MJO's remote teleconnections. Results for surface stations over eastern North America highlight regions of enhanced sensitivity that agree well with previous studies. This sensitivity is robust in the sense that it is detectable and significant at the level of individual weather stations. The STRIPES index values for the MJO over North America are generally larger for daily maximum than for daily minimum temperature.
Two‐Timescale Carbon Cycle Response to an AMOC Collapse
Authors: Nielsen Søren B. , Jochum Markus , Pedro Joel B. , Eden Carsten , Nuterman Roman
Published: March 2019

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2) varied on millennial timescales in phase with Antarctic temperature during the last glacial period. A prevailing view has been that carbon release and uptake by the Southern Ocean dominated this millennial‐scale variability in pCO2. Here, using Earth System Model experiments with an improved parameterization of ocean vertical mixing, we find a major role for terrestrial and oceanic carbon releases in driving the pCO2 trend. In our simulations, a change in Northern Hemisphere insolation weakens the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) leading to increasing pCO2 and Antarctic temperatures. The simulated rise in pCO2 is caused in equal parts by increased CO2 outgassing from the global ocean due to a reduced biological activity and changed ventilation rates, and terrestrial carbon release as a response to southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The simulated terrestrial release of carbon could explain stadial declines in organic carbon reservoirs observed in recent ice core δ13C measurements. Our results show that parallel variations in Antarctic temperature and pCO2 do not necessitate that the Southern Ocean dominates carbon exchange; instead, changes in carbon flux from the global ocean and land carbon reservoirs can explain the observed pCO2 (and δ13C) changes.
Zika virus infection induces MiR34c expression in glioblastoma stem cells: new perspectives for brain tumor treatments
Authors: Iannolo Gioacchin , Sciuto Maria Rita , Cuscino Nicola , Pallini Roberto , Douradinha Bruno , Vitiani Lucia Ricci , De Maria Ruggero , Conaldi Pier Giulio
Published: March 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus with a marked effect on fetal nervous system development. ZIKV treatment has recently been found to also have a benefit against glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The reported data do not completely explain the mechanism beyond this effect. Nevertheless, in the majority of the cases no adverse effect has been found in healthy adult humans. In this study, we characterized the ZIKV infection mechanism on glioblastoma stem cells, which are considered responsible for the tumor progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Moreover, we explain why the action of this virus is directed to the stem cells in the nervous system counterpart. Our results confirm the effectiveness of ZIKV treatment against glioblastoma, indicating novel molecular targets that can be introduced for more powerful therapies.
Cyclic helix B peptide ameliorates acute myocardial infarction in mice by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory responses
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhang Chao , Jia Jianguo , Wang Lingyan , Zhang Weitao , Li Jiawei , Xu Ming , Rong Ruiming , Zhu Tongyu
Published: March 2019

Cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) is a peptide derivant of erythropoietin with powerful tissue-protective efficacies in a variety of organ injuries, but without erythropoietic effect. However, the role of CHBP in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related mechanisms are not studied yet. In this study, we found in a murine AMI model that the administration of CHBP could ameliorate cardiac injury, increase the survival rate, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improve cardiac function and remodeling, and reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney tissue both at 24 h and 8 weeks following AMI. This study suggests that CHBP has the potential to be used as an effective drug in the treatment of AMI.
Bayesian inference of atomistic structure in functional materials
Authors: Todorović Milica , Gutmann Michael U. , Corander Jukka , Rinke Patrick
Published: March 2019

Tailoring the functional properties of advanced organic/inorganic heterogeneous devices to their intended technological applications requires knowledge and control of the microscopic structure inside the device. Atomistic quantum mechanical simulation methods deliver accurate energies and properties for individual configurations, however, finding the most favourable configurations remains computationally prohibitive. We propose a ‘building block’-based Bayesian Optimisation Structure Search (BOSS) approach for addressing extended organic/inorganic interface problems and demonstrate its feasibility in a molecular surface adsorption study. In BOSS, a Bayesian model identifies material energy landscapes in an accelerated fashion from atomistic configurations sampled during active learning. This allowed us to identify several most favourable molecular adsorption configurations for C60 on the (101) surface of TiO2 anatase and clarify the key molecule-surface interactions governing structural assembly. Inferred structures were in good agreement with detailed experimental images of this surface adsorbate, demonstrating good predictive power of BOSS and opening the route towards large-scale surface adsorption studies of molecular aggregates and films.
A MALDI-TOF-based Method for Studying the Transport of BBB Shuttles—Enhancing Sensitivity and Versatility of Cell-Based In Vitro Transport Models
Authors: Arranz-Gibert Pol , Guixer Bernat , Prades Roger , Ciudad Sonia , Giralt Ernest , Teixidó Meritxell
Published: March 2019

In recent decades, peptide blood-brain barrier shuttles have emerged as a promising solution for brain drugs that are not able to enter this organ. The research and development of these compounds involve the use of in vitro cell-based models of the BBB. Nevertheless, peptide transport quantification implies the use of large amounts of peptide (upper micromolar range for RP-HPLC-PDA) or of derivatives (e.g. fluorophore or quantum-dot attachment, radiolabeling) in the donor compartment in order to enhance the detection of these molecules in the acceptor well, although their structure is highly modified. Therefore, these methodologies either hamper the use of low peptide concentrations, thus hindering mechanistic studies, or do not allow the use of the unmodified peptide. Here we successfully applied a MALDI-TOF MS methodology for transport quantification in an in vitro BBB cell-based model. A light version of the acetylated peptide was evaluated, and the transport was subsequently quantified using a heavy internal standard (isotopically acetylated). We propose that this MALDI-TOF MS approach could also be applied to study the transport across other biological barriers using the appropriate in vitro transport models (e.g. Caco-2, PAMPA).
Function and Immunogenicity of Gene-corrected iPSC-derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells in Restoring Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Okada Hirofumi , Nakanishi Chiaki , Yoshida Shohei , Shimojima Masaya , Yokawa Junichiro , Mori Masayuki , Tada Hayato , Yoshimuta Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Kenshi , Yamano Tomoyoshi , Hanayama Rikinari , Yamagishi Masakazu , Kawashiri Masa-aki
Published: March 2019

Gene correction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has therapeutic potential for treating homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) dysfunction. However, few data exist regarding the functional recovery and immunogenicity of LDLR gene-corrected iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) obtained from an HoFH patient. Therefore, we generated iPSC-derived HLCs from an HoFH patient harbouring a point mutation (NM_000527.4:c.901 G > T) in exon 6 of LDLR, and examined their function and immunogenicity. From the patient’s iPSCs, one homozygous gene-corrected HoFH-iPSC clone and two heterozygous clones were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 method. Both types of iPSC-derived HLCs showed recovery of the function of LDL uptake in immunofluorescence staining analysis. Furthermore, these gene-corrected iPSC-derived HLCs showed little immunogenicity against the patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. These results demonstrate that LDL uptake of iPSC-derived HLCs from HoFH can be restored by gene correction without the appearance of further immunogenicity, suggesting that gene-corrected iPSC-derived HLCs are applicable to the treatment of HoFH.
It is time to learn from patients like mine
Authors: Gombar Saurabh , Callahan Alison , Califf Robert , Harrington Robert , Shah Nigam H.
Published: March 2019

Clinicians are often faced with situations where published treatment guidelines do not provide a clear recommendation. In such situations, evidence generated from similar patients’ data captured in electronic health records (EHRs) can aid decision making. However, challenges in generating and making such evidence available have prevented its on-demand use to inform patient care. We propose that a specialty consultation service staffed by a team of medical and informatics experts can rapidly summarize ‘what happened to patients like mine’ using data from the EHR and other health data sources. By emulating a familiar physician workflow, and keeping experts in the loop, such a service can translate physician inquiries about situations with evidence gaps into actionable reports. The demand for and benefits gained from such a consult service will naturally vary by practice type and data robustness. However, we cannot afford to miss the opportunity to use the patient data captured every day via EHR systems to close the evidence gap between available clinical guidelines and realities of clinical practice. We have begun offering such a service to physicians at our academic medical center and believe that such a service should be core offering by clinical informatics professional throughout the country. Only if we launch such efforts broadly can we systematically study the utility of learning from the record of routine clinical practice.
Author Correction: The reproducibility crisis in the age of digital medicine
Authors: Stupple Aaron , Singerman David , Celi Leo Anthony
Published: March 2019

In the original version of the published Article, there was a sentence fragment prior to the last sentence under the subheading “Reproducibility and digital medicine” which stated “Some journals, such as PLOS ONE, have made an early”. To improve clarity, the sentence fragment has been removed. This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the Article.
Attractive interaction between superconducting vortices in tilted magnetic fields
Authors: Correa Alexandre , Mompeán Federico , Guillamón Isabel , Herrera Edwin , García-Hernández Mar , Yamamoto Takashi , Kashiwagi Takanari , Kadowaki Kazuo , Buzdin Alexander I. , Suderow Hermann , Munuera Carmen
Published: March 2019

Many practical applications of high Tc superconductors involve layered materials and magnetic fields applied on an arbitrary direction with respect to the layers. When the anisotropy is very large, Cooper pair currents can circulate either within or perpendicular to the layers. Thus, tilted magnetic fields lead to intertwined lattices of Josephson and Abrikosov vortices, with quantized circulation across and within layers, respectively. Transport in such intertwined lattices has been studied in detail, but direct observation and manipulation of vortices remains challenging. Here we present magnetic force microscopy experiments in tilted magnetic fields in the extremely quasi-two dimensional superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. We trigger Abrikosov vortex motion in between Josephson vortices, and find that Josephson vortices in different layers can be brought on top of each other. Our measurements suggest that intertwined lattices in tilted magnetic fields can be intrinsically easy to manipulate thanks to the mutual interaction between Abrikosov and Josephson vortices.
Determination of cellular vitamin C dynamics by HPLC-DAD
Authors: Miyazawa Taiki , Matsumoto Akira , Miyahara Yuji
Published: March 2019

A redox-sensitive inter-conversion between ascorbic acid (ASC) and its oxidized form dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) in the intracellular environment has been of exceptional interest to recent metabolomics and pharmaceutical research.
An implanted pH sensor read using radiography
Authors: Arifuzzaman Md. , Millhouse Paul W. , Raval Yash , Pace Thomas B. , Behrend Caleb J. , Beladi Behbahani Shayesteh , DesJardins John D. , Tzeng Tzuen-Rong J. , Anker Jeffrey N.
Published: March 2019

The constructed biosensor enhances the capability of traditional plain film radiography, enabling the noninvasive measurement of postoperative infection indicating chemical concentration such as pH on the implant surfaces.
Direct glucose detection in whole blood by colorimetric assay based on glucose oxidase-conjugated graphene oxide/MnO2 nanozymes
Authors: Lee Po-Chun , Li Nan-Si , Hsu Ying-Pei , Peng Chen , Yang Hung-Wei
Published: March 2019

We have constructed dual sensing platforms based on the combination of a plasma separation pad and GOD-GO/MnO2 for direct detection of glucose concentration in whole blood by colorimetric assay without blood sample pretreatment and dilution.
Synthetic and immunological studies of Salmonella Enteritidis O-antigen tetrasaccharides as potential anti-Salmonella vaccines
Authors: Huo Chang-Xin , Dhara Debashis , Baliban Scott M. , Tahmasebi Nick Setare , Tan Zibin , Simon Raphael , Misra Anup Kumar , Huang Xuefei
Published: March 2019

The conjugate of a synthetic Salmonella Enteritidis tetrasaccharide with bacteriophage Qβ induced powerful anti-glycan IgG responses for complete protection from lethal challenges of bacteria.
Global transport of perfluoroalkyl acidsviasea spray aerosol
Authors: Johansson J. H. , Salter M. E. , Acosta Navarro J. C. , Leck C. , Nilsson E. D. , Cousins I. T.
Published: March 2019

Sea spray aerosols can act as a vector for sea-to-land transport of perfluorinated alkyl acidsviathe atmosphere.
Controlling strategies to maximize reliability of integrated photo-electrochemical devices exposed to realistic disturbances
Authors: Tembhurne Saurabh , Haussener Sophia
Published: March 2019

We numerically investigate the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by integrated photo-electrochemical (IPEC) devices and assess their response to time-dependent changes in the boundary conditions and the material properties.
Probing transient non-native states in amyloid beta fiber elongation by NMR
Authors: Brender Jeffrey R. , Ghosh Anirban , Kotler Samuel A. , Krishnamoorthy Janarthanan , Bera Swapna , Morris Vanessa , Sil Timir Baran , Garai Kanchan , Reif Bernd , Bhunia Anirban , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy
Published: March 2019

Using NMR to probe transient binding of Aβ1–40 monomers to fibers, we find partially bound conformations with the highest degree of interaction near F19–K28 and a lesser degree of interaction near the C-terminus (L34–G37).
Monitoring autophagy in live cells with a fluorescent light-up probe for G-quadruplex structures
Authors: Chen Hongbo , Sun Hongxia , Zhang Suge , Yan Wenpeng , Li Qian , Guan Aijiao , Xiang Junfeng , Liu Meirong , Tang Yalin
Published: March 2019

Monitoring autophagy in live cells with a fluorescent light-up probe for G-quadruplex structures.
A nickel(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Alder-ene reaction of 1,7-dienes
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhou Pengfei , Lang Jiawen , Dong Shunxi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: March 2019

An asymmetric intramolecular Alder-ene reaction has been developed to synthesize diverse 3,4-disubstituted chroman, tetrahydroquinoline, piperidine and thiochroman derivatives.
Thermodynamic and dynamical properties of the hard sphere system revisited by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Pieprzyk Sławomir , Bannerman Marcus N. , Brańka Arkadiusz C. , Chudak Maciej , Heyes David M.
Published: March 2019

Revised thermodynamic and dynamical properties of the hard sphere (HS) system are obtained from extensive molecular dynamics calculations carried out with large system sizes (number of particles,N) and long times.
Exploring the microscopic mechanism of pseudocapacitance with electronic structures in monolayer 1T-MoS2 electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhou , Wu Maokun , Wang Lijing , Wang Jin , Cheng Yahui , Li Luyan , Dong Hong , Liu Hui , Hong Zhanglian , Cho Kyeongjae , Lu Feng , Wang Weichao , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: March 2019

The microscopic mechanism of pseudocapacitance with electronic structures in monolayer 1T-MoS2 and the pseudocapacitance manipulation by defects have been elucidated.
A series of red iridium(iii) complexes using flexible dithiocarbamate derivatives as ancillary ligands for highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Lu Guang-Zhao , Wu Ruixia , Liu Liang , Zhou Liang , Zheng You-Xuan , Zhang Wen-Wei , Zuo Jing-Lin , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2019

Five red iridium(iii) complexes with dithiocarbamate ligands were investigated, and their OLEDs exhibit an EQEmax of 20.69% with low efficiency roll-off.
Formation of pressurizable hydrogel-based vascular tissue models by selective gelation in composite PDMS channels
Authors: Fukushi Mayu , Kinoshita Keita , Yamada Masumi , Yajima Yuya , Utoh Rie , Seki Minoru
Published: March 2019

A new approach for the preparation of vascular tissue models in PDMS-based composite channel structures embedded with barium salt powders.
In situ Raman monitoring of dielectric-heating-enhanced freeze-drying under different electromagnetic wave frequencies
Authors: Tsubaki S. , Matsuzawa T. , Fujii S. , Suzuki E. , Kanamori H. , Hoshino T. , Hosoda S. , Wada Y.
Published: March 2019

We studied the effect of dielectric heating on the enhancement of freeze-drying by electromagnetic waves (EMWs) under different frequencies: 2.45 GHz microwaves (MWs), and 27 and 200 MHz radio frequencies (RFs).
CO2-sourced polycarbonates as solid electrolytes for room temperature operating lithium batteries
Authors: Ouhib Farid , Meabe Leire , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Eshraghi Nicolas , Grignard Bruno , Thomassin Jean-Michel , Aqil Abdelhafid , Boschini Frederic , Jérôme Christine , Mecerreyes David , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: March 2019

A CO2-sourced self-standing solid electrolyte membrane is prepared and evaluated for room temperature operating lithium batteries.
3D hierarchical scaffolds enabled by a post-patternable, reconfigurable, and biocompatible 2D vitrimer film for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Kim Na Kyung , Cha Eun Jung , Jung Mungyo , Kim Jinseok , Jeong Gun-Jae , Kim Yong Seok , Choi Woo Jin , Kim Byung-Soo , Kim Dong-Gyun , Lee Jong-Chan
Published: March 2019

A mechanically tissue-like, biocompatible vitrimer yields 3D hierarchical tissue engineering scaffoldsviahot embossing patterning and additional reconfiguration processes.
Giant surfactants for the construction of automatic liquid crystal alignment layers
Authors: Yoon Won-Jin , Lee Kyung Min , Evans Dean R. , McConney Michael E. , Kim Dae-Yoon , Jeong Kwang-Un
Published: March 2019

Liquid crystal molecules were automatically aligned by not only morphological anisotropy but also chemical interaction.
High energy density at high temperature in PLZST antiferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Liu Pin , Fan Baoyan , Yang Guang , Li Wenru , Zhang Haibo , Jiang Shenglin
Published: March 2019

PLZST ceramics possess good energy density at high temperature (100–175 °C) due to phase transitions.
Quantitating excess tissue sodium
Authors: Bhave Gautam
Published: March 2019

Using changes in tissue [Na+] concentration alone as done with Na+ MRI may not accurately quantitate excess tissue Na+, particularly in cellular tissues. However, individually quantitating alterations in tissue Na+ and water content as possible with ashing studies may still accurately quantitate excess tissue Na+ in these situations. Furthermore, when tissue [Na+] exceeds plasma [Na+], excess tissue Na+ must be present.
Application of genetic algorithms and the cross‐entropy method in practical home energy management systems
Authors: Abreu Cláudia , Soares Inês , Oliveira Leonel , Rua David , Machado Paulo , Carvalho Leonel , Peças Lopes Joao A.
Published: March 2019

Home energy management systems (HEMSs) are important platforms to allow consumers the use of flexibility in their consumption to optimise the total energy cost. The optimisation procedure embedded in these systems takes advantage of the nature of the existing loads and the generation equipment while complying with user preferences such as air temperature comfort configurations. The complexity in finding the best schedule for the appliances within an acceptable execution time for practical applications is leading not only to the development of different formulations for this optimisation problem, but also to the exploitation of non‐deterministic optimisation methods as an alternative to traditional deterministic solvers. This study proposes the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) and the cross‐entropy method (CEM) in low‐power HEMS to solve a conventional mixed‐integer linear programming formulation to optimise the total energy cost. Different scenarios for different countries are considered as well as different types of devices to assess the HEMS operation performance, namely, in terms of outputting fast and feasible schedules for the existing devices and systems. Simulation results in low‐power HEMS show that GAs and the CEM can produce comparable solutions with the traditional deterministic solver requiring considerably less execution time.
Research on a chip scale atomic clock aided vector tracking loop
Authors: Jiang Changhui , Chen Shuai , Chen Yuwei , Bo Yuming
Published: March 2019

With the development of Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical‐System (MEMS) technology, size and accuracy of Chip Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) gradually improve, and a commercial CSAC products available, which makes it possible to integrate a CSAC to a handheld GNSS receiver. Published results have demonstrated that CSAC could better the Scalar Tracking Loops (STL) navigation results. However, the Vector Tracking Loop (VTL) has a different architecture compared with STL, which allows it meaningful to investigate CSAC driven VTL. In this study, two problems are discussed in a classic VTL employing CSAC as frequency reference: (i) how much improvement in navigation solutions initialed by substituting TXCO with CASC; (ii) whether the CSAC driven VTL can work excluding clock bias or clock drift as state variables, in other words, whether the VTL can provide navigation solutions at a moderate accuracy with only three satellites in view. Two comparisons have been done in this investigation and demonstrated that CSAC could improve the VTL navigation solutions, and the clock drift variable could be removed from the VTL model with no influence on the VTL performance.
Electronic countermeasure for OFDM‐based imaging passive radars
Authors: Giusti Elisa , Capria Amerigo , Martorella Marco , Moscardini Christian , Berizzi Fabrizio
Published: March 2019

Passive radars are notoriously robust to jamming because the receiver location cannot be detected. Moreover, the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)‐based reference signals further improves the robustness against jammers. Nevertheless, deception/spoofing‐type of jamming may still be possible. This article aims at proposing an electronic countermeasure (ECM) for OFDM‐based passive radars with radar‐imaging capabilities. Here, a target‐on‐board deception jammer is proposed that aims at protecting the target itself from being identified when passive radar imaging is used. A design of the architecture of the proposed target‐borne jamming system is provided, which includes COmmercial of The Shelf (COTS) devices that are able to sample a broadband signal, modulate it in amplitude and phase, and retransmit it with a very short time delay. Theoretical and simulation results are also given proving that imaging and precise location of non‐cooperative targets can be both affected by the presence of false and/or altered phase‐modulated target echoes.
HST/STIS analysis of the first main sequence pulsar CU Virginis
Authors: Krtička J. , Mikulášek Z. , Henry G. W. , Janík J. , Kochukhov O. , Pigulski A. , Leto P. , Trigilio C. , Krtičková I. , Lüftinger T. , Prvák M. , Tichý A.
Published: March 2019

Context. CU Vir has been the first main sequence star that showed regular radio pulses that persist for decades, resembling the radio lighthouse of pulsars and interpreted as auroral radio emission similar to that found in planets. The star belongs to a rare group of magnetic chemically peculiar stars with variable rotational period.

Aims. We study the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of CU Vir obtained using STIS spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to search for the source of radio emission and to test the model of the rotational period evolution.

Methods. We used our own far-UV and visual photometric observations supplemented with the archival data to improve the parameters of the quasisinusoidal long-term variations of the rotational period. We predict the flux variations of CU Vir from surface abundance maps and compare these variations with UV flux distribution. We searched for wind, auroral, and interstellar lines in the spectra.

Results. The UV and visual light curves display the same long-term period variations supporting their common origin. New updated abundance maps provide better agreement with the observed flux distribution. The upper limit of the wind mass-loss rate is about 10−12 M⊙ yr−1. We do not find any auroral lines. We find rotationally modulated variability of interstellar lines, which is most likely of instrumental origin.

Conclusions. Our analysis supports the flux redistribution from far-UV to near-UV and visual domains originating in surface abundance spots as the main cause of the flux variability in chemically peculiar stars. Therefore, UV and optical variations are related and the structures leading to these variations are rigidly confined to the stellar surface. The radio emission of CU Vir is most likely powered by a very weak presumably purely metallic wind, which leaves no imprint in spectra.
Schlafstörungen bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Veauthier Christian
Published: March 2019

Gegenstand und Ziel: Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose (MS) leiden häufig an einer die Lebensqualität deutlich beeinträchtigenden Schlafstörung. Es soll ein Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Literatur gegeben werden. Material und Methoden: Übersichtsarbeit. Ergebnisse: Mehrere Studien haben bei der MS im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung eine erhöhte Prävalenz für ein Restless-legs-Syndrom (RLS) gezeigt, im Besonderen bei MS-Patienten mit einem erhöhten Grad der Behinderung. Rund ein Viertel der MS-Patienten leidet an einer chronischen Insomnie. Es existieren symptomatische Formen der Narkolepsie und der REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung (RBD), am ehesten durch akute Läsionen hervorgerufen. Ob Läsionen auch schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen verursachen können, kann noch nicht ausreichend beurteilt werden. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Beim Neuauftreten einer Narkolepsie oder eines RBD sollte zügig eine kraniale Kernspintomografie mit Kontrastmittel erfolgen. Bei der Behandlung schlafmedizinischer Erkrankungen kommen die von den Fachgesellschaften empfohlenen Behandlungsrichtlinien zur Anwendung (die Behandlung unterscheidet sich bei MS-Patienten nicht grundsätzlich von der Behandlung dieser Erkrankungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung). MS-Fatigue-Patienten sollten niedrigschwellig eine Polygrafie oder Polysomnografie erhalten.
Non-24h-Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmusstörung bei blinden Patienten
Authors: Dirks Christina , Young Peter , Heidbreder Anna
Published: March 2019

Schlafstörungen sind bei blinden und sehbehinderten Patienten ein häufig unterschätztes Problem. Hierbei kommt der Non-24h-Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmusstörung (Non-24) in der Gruppe der Patienten ohne Lichtwahrnehmung eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Durch den Wegfall des stärksten externen Taktgebers Tageslicht kommt es zu einer Desynchronisation der endogenen circadianen Rhythmik, welche über die Masterclock im suprachiasmatischen Nucleus generiert wird, mit dem externen 24h-Tag-Nacht-Rhythmus. Die Ausschüttung von Melatonin, als wichtigster Botenstoff in der Regulation des Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus, wird durch den Wegfall der Information über Helligkeit und Dunkelheit nicht mehr extern gesteuert und folgt allein der endogenen Rhythmik, welche häufig nicht exakt 24 Stunden entspricht, sondern bei den meisten Menschen eine längere Periodik aufweist. Die Symptome einer solchen fortlaufenden Verschiebung des Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus beinhalten zyklisch wiederkehrende Phasen mit insomnischen Beschwerden und Tagesschläfrigkeit, welche mit symptomfreien Phasen alternieren. Die Diagnostik der Non-24 umfasst neben einer ausführlichen schlafspezifischen Anamnese auch die Durchführung einer Aktimetrie für einen Zeitraum von mindestens 2 Wochen und das Führen von Schlafprotokollen. Zudem kann die Messung von Biomarkern z. B. des Melatonins, im Serum oder Speichel, oder dessen Abbauprodukt zur Sicherung einer Diagnose sinnvoll sein.

Als Therapieoptionen stehen nicht medikamentöse und medikamentöse Maßnahmen zur Verfügung, welche als Kombinationstherapie angewandt werden sollten. Aktuell ist der Melatonin-Rezeptoragonist Tasimelteon das einzige zugelassen Medikament zur Behandlung der Non-24 bei blinden Menschen.
Direct Percutaneous Embolization of a Lymphocutaneous Fistula
Authors: Singhal Soumil , Uthappa Mangerira
Published: March 2019

Lymphocutaneous fistula is a rare clinical condition and presents both a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge. The authors report a case of secondary lymphocutaneous fistula that was undiagnosed and untreated on several occasions but was successfully treated with direct percutaneous embolization.
Coexistence of Temporo-Occipital Polymicrogyria with Choroidal Fissure Cyst in a Case of Focal Onset Seizures
Authors: Kiran M. , Karthik A. , Lekshmi L. V. , Nagarajan K.
Published: March 2019

Focal-onset seizures can be caused by underlying brain lesions including focal lesions such as granulomas, low-grade neoplasms, vascular lesions, or neuronal migration disorders. Polymicrogyria is a congenital abnormality of cortical formation occurring during embryonic life. Choroidal fissure cysts are either arachnoid or neuroepithelial cysts arising at the choroidal fissure, and mostly they are incidental findings having no significant clinical implications. Coexistence of both of these can lead to dilemma in the management decisions. We present a case of focal-onset seizures with an unreported coexistence of polymicrogyria with choroidal fissure cyst.
Vibrational properties of CdGa2S4 at high pressure
Authors: Gallego-Parra S. , Gomis O. , Vilaplana R. , Ortiz H. M. , Pérez-González E. , Luna R. , Rodríguez-Hernández P. , Muñoz A. , Ursaki V. V. , Tiginyanu I. M. , Manjón F. J.
Published: March 2019

Raman scattering measurements have been performed in cadmium digallium sulphide (CdGa2S4) with defect chalcopyrite structure up to 25 GPa in order to study its pressure-induced phase transitions. These measurements have been complemented and compared with lattice-dynamics ab initio calculations including the TO-LO splitting at high pressures in order to provide a better assignment of experimental Raman modes. In addition, experimental and theoretical Grüneisen parameters have been reported in order to calculate the molar heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient of CdGa2S4. Our measurements provide evidence that CdGa2S4 undergoes an irreversible phase transition above 15 GPa to a Raman-inactive phase, likely with a disordered rock salt structure. Moreover, the Raman spectrum observed on downstroke from 25 GPa to 2 GPa has been attributed to a new phase, tentatively identified as a disordered zinc blende structure, that undergoes a reversible phase transition to the Raman-inactive phase above 10 GPa.
Near-field and far-field investigation of miniaturized UWB antenna for imaging of wood
Authors: Saeidi Tale , Ismail Idris , Alhawari Adam R. H. , Wen Wong Peng
Published: March 2019

This article presents the design of a droplet shape ultra-wide band antenna for imaging of wood. The proposed antenna is designed on PTFE substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.55, loss tangent of 0.001- and 2.4-mm thickness. The antenna is loaded by a stub to resonate at lower band frequency, strip loading at the back, and a chamfered ground to increase the bandwidth. Despite having miniaturized dimensions of 15 mm × 15 mm, it shows better results compared to recent studies. The simulation results depict a good ultra-wide bandwidth from 3.26 GHz to 20 GHz, and 21.5–25 GHz; Besides, the proposed antenna has two bands at 1.25–1.35 GHz and 1.7–1.81 GHz. In addition to that, the antenna achieved a maximum gain of 5.69 dB and directivity of 7.3 dBi. The measurement results of S-parameters transmitted and received signals performed in air, plywood, and high-density wood show a good agreement with the simulated results. In addition, the measured results illustrate a good isolation and uniform illumination among arrays as well as the received signals’ shapes do not change in different environments, but only the amplitude. Hence, the proposed antenna seems to be adequate for microwave imaging of wood.
Compact laser system for a laser-cooled ytterbium ion microwave frequency standard
Authors: Mulholland S. , Klein H. A. , Barwood G. P. , Donnellan S. , Nisbet-Jones P. B. R. , Huang G. , Walsh G. , Baird P. E. G. , Gill P.
Published: March 2019

The development of a transportable microwave frequency standard based on the ground-state transition of 171Yb+ at ∼12.6 GHz requires a compact laser system for cooling the ions, clearing out of long-lived states and also for photoionisation. In this paper, we describe the development of a suitable compact laser system based on a 6U height rack-mounted arrangement with overall dimensions 260 × 194 × 335 mm. Laser outputs at 369 nm (for cooling), 399 nm (photoionisation), 935 nm (repumping), and 760 nm (state clearout) are combined in a fiber arrangement for delivery to our linear ion trap and we demonstrate this system by cooling of 171Yb+ ions. Additionally, we demonstrate that the lasers at 935 nm and 760 nm are close in frequency to water vapor and oxygen absorption lines, respectively; specifically, at 760 nm, we show that one 171Yb+ transition is within the pressure broadened profile of an oxygen line. These molecular transitions form convenient wavelength references for the stabilization of lasers for a 171Yb+ frequency standard.