bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracellular regulation of the insect chemoreceptor complex impacts odor localization in flying insects
Authors: Getahun Merid N. , Thoma Michael , Lavista-Llanos Sofia , Keesey Ian , Fandino Richard A. , Knaden Markus , Wicher Dieter , Olsson Shannon B. , Hansson Bill S.
Published: September 2016

Flying insects are well-known for airborne odor tracking, and evolved diverse chemoreceptors. While ionotropic receptors (IRs) are found across Protostomes, insect odorant receptors (ORs) have only been identified in winged insects. We therefore hypothesize that the unique signal transduction of ORs offers an advantage for odor localization in flight. Using Drosophila, we find expression and increased activity of the intracellular signaling protein, PKC, in antennal sensilla following odor stimulation. Odor stimulation also enhances phosphorylation of the OR coreceptor, Orco, in vitro, while site directed mutation of Orco or mutations in PKC subtypes reduces sensitivity and dynamic ranges of OR-expressing neurons in vivo, but not IRs. We ultimately show that these mutations reduce competence for odor localization of flies in flight. We conclude that intracellular regulation of OR sensitivity is necessary for efficient odor localization, which suggests a mechanistic advantage for the evolution of the OR complex in flying insects.
Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in fishes
Authors: Ern Rasmus , Norin Tommy , Gamperl A. Kurt , Esbaugh Andrew J.
Published: September 2016

Temperature-induced limitations on the capacity of the cardiorespiratory system to transport oxygen from the environment to the tissues, manifested as a reduced aerobic scope (maximum- minus standard metabolic rate), have been proposed as the principal determinant of the upper thermal limits of fishes and other water-breathing ectotherms. Consequently, the upper thermal niche boundaries of these animals are expected to be highly sensitive to aquatic hypoxia and other environmental stressors that constrain their cardiorespiratory performance. However, the generality of this dogma has recently been questioned, as some species have been shown to maintain aerobic scope at thermal extremes. Here, we experimentally tested whether reduced oxygen availability due to aquatic hypoxia would decrease the upper thermal limits (i.e., the critical thermal maximum; CT_max) of the estuarine red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and the marine lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). In both species, CT_max was independent of oxygen availability over a wide range of oxygen levels despite substantial reductions in aerobic scope (i.e.,>72%). These data show that the upper thermal limits of water-breathing ectotherms are not always linked to the capacity for oxygen transport. Consequently, we propose a novel metric for classifying oxygen-dependence of thermal tolerance; the oxygen limit for thermal tolerance (P_(CT_max )), which is the water oxygen tension (P_w O_2) where an organism's CT_max starts to decline. We suggest that this metric can be used for assessing the oxygen sensitivity of upper thermal limits in water-breathing ectotherms, and the susceptibility of their upper thermal niche boundaries to environmental hypoxia.
Nitric oxide inhibition of NaCl secretion in the opercular epithelium of seawater-acclimated killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Gerber Lucie , Jensen Frank B. , Madsen Steffen S. , Marshall William S.
Published: September 2016

Nitric oxide (NO) modulates epithelial ion transport pathways in mammals, but this remains largely unexamined in fish. We explored the involvement of NO in controlling NaCl secretion by the opercular epithelium of seawater killifish using an Ussing chamber approach. Pharmacological agents were used to explore the mechanism(s) triggering NO action. A modified Biotin-switch technique was used to investigate S-nitrosation of proteins. Stimulation of endogenous NO production via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate L-arginine (2.0 mmol l−1), and addition of exogenous NO via the NO donor SNAP (10−6 mol l−1 to 10−4 mol l−1), decreased the epithelial short-circuit current (Isc). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME (10−4 mol l−1) increased Isc and revealed a tonic control of ion transport by NO in unstimulated opercular epithelia. The NO scavenger PTIO (10−5 mol l−1) supressed the NO-mediated decrease in Isc, and confirmed that the effect observed was elicited by release of NO. The effect of SNAP on Isc was abolished by inhibitors of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), ODQ (10−6 mol l−1) and methylene blue (MB; 10−4 mol l−1), revealing NO signalling via the sGC/cGMP pathway. Incubation of opercular epithelium and gill tissues with SNAP (10−4 mol l−1) led to S-nitrosation of proteins, including Na+/K+-ATPase. Blocking of NOS with L-NAME (10−6 mol l−1) or scavenging of NO with PTIO during hypotonic shock suggested an involvement of NO in the hypotonic-mediated decrease in Isc. Yohimbine (10−4 mol l−1), an inhibitor of α2-adrenoceptors, did not block NO effects suggesting that NO is not involved in the α-adrenergic control of NaCl secretion.
Coming up for air: thermal-dependence of dive behaviours and metabolism in sea snakes
Authors: Udyawer Vinay , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Heupel Michelle R. , Clark Timothy D.
Published: September 2016

Cutaneous gas exchange allows some air-breathing diving ectotherms to supplement their pulmonary oxygen uptake, which may allow prolongation of dives and an increased capacity to withstand anthropogenic and natural threatening processes that increase submergence times. However, little is known of the interplay between metabolism, bimodal oxygen uptake and activity levels across thermal environments in diving ectotherms. Here, we show in two species of sea snake (spine-bellied sea snake; Hydrophis curtus and elegant sea snake; H. elegans) that increasing temperature elevates surfacing rates, increases total oxygen consumption, and decreases dive durations. The majority of dives observed in both species remained within estimated maximal aerobic limits. While cutaneous gas exchange accounted for a substantial proportion of total oxygen consumption (up to 23%), unexpectedly it was independent of water temperature and activity levels, suggesting a diffusion-limited mechanism. Our findings demonstrate that rising water temperature and a limited capability to up-regulate cutaneous oxygen uptake may compromise the proficiency with which sea snakes perform prolonged dives. This may hinder their capacity to withstand ongoing anthropogenic activities like trawl fishing, and increase their susceptibility to surface predation as their natural environments continue to warm.
Supporting smoking cessation in older patients: a continuing challenge for community nurses
Authors: Phillips Adele
Published: September 2016

Tobacco smoking continues to pose negative health consequences for smokers and their families, and is the single greatest cause of health inequalities in the UK. Older people are particularly vulnerable to the negative health impacts of smoking and therefore, supporting older smokers to quit remains an important public health goal. Community nurses are required to help patients to lead healthier lifestyles and have ideal opportunities to encourage smoking cessation in older people who are affected by smoking-related health conditions, or whose existing conditions may be exacerbated by continued smoking. This paper discusses how community nurses can support their older patients to quit smoking by fostering a patient-centred partnership through good communication and empathy. The newly developed ‘Very Brief Advice on Smoking’ (VBA) interventions can provide a useful tool for community nurses who experience time constraints to advise older people that psychosocial support with treatment is the most effective method of smoking cessation, while respecting the health decisions of patients.
From togetherness to loneliness: supporting people with dementia
Authors: Ryder Elaine
Published: September 2016

With demographic projections indicating that the number of people with dementia is increasing, the need for collaborative working between health, social care and the third sector is greater than ever. The District Nursing service is central to initiating and leading such collaborative developments. This article is an example of how a new third sector service can complement and share the care and support for people with dementia and their families, living in the community. It highlights what people with dementia want, how this underpinned the development of this new service and what such a service can offer, not only for the individual person with dementia but also their family/carers. It also highlights the value of working in partnership to meet the changing needs of individuals and their families/carers.
Meeting the special medicinal needs of patients
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: September 2016

The clinical needs of patients can often be met by prescribing and administering a licensed medicine. District nurses will have some cases where a medicine cannot be used because the patient is unable to take it in its licensed form. In such situations, district nurses may be able to arrange for the patient to be supplied with an unlicensed medicine specifically made to meet that patient's special need. This article discusses the options available to district nurses to lawfully supply patients who have a special medication need due to, for example, an allergy to a particular ingredient or an inability to swallow solid oral medicines, such as tablets or capsules.
The use of alternating mattresses in the management and prevention of pressure ulcers in a community setting
Authors: Hampton Sylvie
Published: September 2016

The district nurse and community nurse has a duty of care to provide the most appropriate care for any individual who is at risk of pressure injury. This is often difficult as time constraints mean that education can be absent or reliant on other nurses who may not be up to date with the latest thinking on prevention. Also, district and community nurses cannot be in a patient's home 24 hours a day in order to provide the turning regime that is required for prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore, they are reliant on education for the carers and provision of the most appropriate equipment for the individual patient. It is vital that the carer not only knows what to look for, but also what to do if any redness is noted and who to call. This article will provide tips on mattress types for the high-risk patient who may or may not have a pressure injury.
Understanding biofilm: what a community nurse should know
Authors: Hurlow Jennifer
Published: September 2016

The job of a community nurse involves effort to support wound healing. It is now well accepted in wound science that the presence of bacterial biofilm is an important risk factor for wound chronicity. Therefore, this problem is important for the community nurse to assess and address in order to avoid cost waste and to promote optimal patient quality of life. However, there exist many questions about exactly how biofilm impairs healing, how its presence can be clinically diagnosed in a wound, and how this barrier to healing can be most cost effectively treated. The goal of this article is to provide the front-line, community wound care nurse with the practical understanding needed to cost effectively address these challenges in the clinical setting.
Using technology and collaborative working for a positive patient experience and to improve safety
Authors: Desai Usha
Published: September 2016

Clinicians who treat patients with wounds need access to the resources that will enable them to deliver the best and most appropriate treatments. A partnership working initiative between Greenwich CCG Medicines management (commissioner), Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust (provider) and ConvaTec (commercial partner) was set up to provide wound-care dressings and products to patients via the community services. It lead to improved access, greater patient benefits, a reduction in dressings waste, and an increase in clinical confidence to make cost-effective, evidence-based prescribing decisions. This inspired the commissioners to collaborate with BlueBay (technology partner) to ‘trailblaze’ the development and introduction of an electronic wound care template for practice nurses and doctors in primary care to use in conjunction with VISION and EMIS, clinical software systems used in GP practices. This interoperability of clinical systems to improve wound care is, to date, the only one of its kind in the UK
Pregnancy and aesthetic procedures: understanding the indications and risks
Authors: Smith Victoria
Published: September 2016

The topic of aesthetic treatments being performed during pregnancy is commonly debated among practitioners, as there are limited studies and data available on the subject. A review of the literature was undertaken by the author to provide aesthetic practitioners with knowledge that can be applied to their clinical practice. Information was taken from a number of sources and a search was performed online on PubMed using relevant search terms. This was then supplemented by looking at individual treatments or active ingredients commonly used in the aesthetics sector, which had little in the way of information or published studies on their use during pregnancy. The research findings showed that certain ingredients and procedures were likely to be safe when treating pregnant women, but that studies to support this are limited. With a clear lack of evidence, the author's research findings seem to suggest a cautious approach when treating pregnant women. Conducting such studies on pregnant women to give aesthetic practitioners more accurate data would prompt serious ethical and medico-legal discussions, and so is unlikely to occur. In essence, although some procedures and products are in theory deemed safe to be used on pregnant women, it is at the discretion of the practitioner to establish any benefits over the risks. One UK insurance company stated that it would take a cautious approach and that while there are no legal issues around administering treatments, each case would be reviewed on an individual basis. Overall, it would seem sensible to suggest that elective aesthetic procedures are postponed until after pregnancy, particularly as many of the bothersome physiological changes that occur during this period resolve naturally.
Aesthetic applications for botulinum toxin type A: treating the upper and lower face
Authors: Baker Anna
Published: September 2016

The background, mode of action and formulations of licensed botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) are explored in this paper, as well as immunogenicity considerations. Some common aesthetic facial indications are discussed, along with contraindications and reported complications. A sound injection technique, accurate anatomical awareness, and the use of small gauge needles and/or precise injection devices can reduce the incidence of complications, and provide accurate product placement. Literature derived from meta-analyses demonstrates evidence documenting the clinical benefits of standard and high-dose levels of all active BoNTA vs placebo; however, the extent of evidence to guide selection between active formulations is limited. Equally, data are lacking with respect to the longevity of effects with different aesthetic treatment regimens.
Cryolipolysis is an effective treatment modality for non-invasive body sculpting
Authors: Lewis Jane
Published: September 2016

With many men and women wanting to look slimmer and eliminate pockets of fat, creating smooth body lines without surgery, it is no wonder that the demand for body contouring procedures is at an all-time high. Jane Lewis believes that cryolipolysis is a valuable treatment for aesthetic clinics to offer, enabling patients to feel more confident about their bodies while experiencing little downtime
Mobile aesthetics: how lone practitioners can stay safe while working
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: September 2016

Many aesthetic nurses work alone on a daily basis—a trend that Hamilton Fraser has seen increase in recent years. Working in isolation can put people in a vulnerable position and it may be more difficult to summon help if things go wrong or if there are health and safety risks. Naomi Di-Scala advises aesthetic practitioners on protecting themselves from unnecessary harm and avoidable litigation
Step Ahead in Aesthetics conference returns this September
Authors: Senior Amy
Published: September 2016

After its successful event in April, the Private Independent Aesthetic Practices Association is gearing up for its fifth conference in Bury. Taking place on 26 September, the event will feature top speakers, such as Dalvi Humzah and Anna Baker, with a limited number of delegates to give the day a more exclusive, intimate feel. Amy Senior gives an overview of the exciting agenda
Leading to maximise performance: five ways to engage with your staff
Authors: Tomlinson Reece
Published: September 2016

Many leaders fail to fully recognise how crucial their employees are to their success. Understanding how to engage your employees is imperative, and by doing so businesses can reduce staff turnover and improve company performance. Reece Tomlinson provides five easy-to-implement concepts designed to enhance employee engagement in businesses of all sizes
Benefits of app development: marketing services using mobile communications
Authors: Smith Victoria , Wiggins Nancy
Published: September 2016

In everyday life, we tend to seek out technology that can simplify any tasks we wish to undertake. As more and more of our daily online interaction is conducted on mobile devices, Vicki Smith and Nancy Wiggins look at how the use of mobile apps in a clinical environment offer potential to market a business and the positive imapct that designing an app can have on your clinic's visibility
Are aesthetic nurses best placed to be advising on sexual health?
Authors: Warren Lynn
Published: September 2016

The role of nurses specialising in non-surgical cosmetic procedures is ever-expanding, with one of the latest areas for exploration being sexual beautification. Lynn Warren wonders if the marketing of these treatments is trivialising a tangible physiological problem for women, and asks if the management of genitalia-related issues should be restricted to gynaecology specialists
Inside out: knowledge brokering by short-term policy placements
Authors: Bruce Ann , O’Callaghan Kenneth
Published: September 2016

The evidence–policy interface is important for delivery of sustainable development policy. We examine one specific form of knowledge brokering, the temporary placement of academic research scientists in UK policy arenas. We argue that successful knowledge brokerage depends on establishing social processes critical to effective knowledge exchange. Merely facilitating proximity of academic and policy actors is insufficient. Cultural understandings are key conditions for knowledge brokerage in this context. Academics who are outsiders to the policy process need to become credible insiders in order to be effective in bringing an outsiders’ perspective into play.
Supporting evidence-based policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services: recommendations for effective policy briefs
Authors: Balian Estelle V , Drius Liza , Eggermont Hilde , Livoreil Barbara , Vandewalle Marie , Vandewoestjine Sofie , Wittmer Heidi , Young Juliette
Published: September 2016

Knowledge brokerage on biodiversity and ecosystem services can apply communication tools such as policy briefs to facilitate the dialogue between scientists and policymakers. There is currently considerable debate on how to go beyond the linear communication model, outdated in theoretical debate but still often implicitly leading interaction with policy. In this paper, we provide recommendations to scientists in the field of biodiversity and ecosystem services for developing policy briefs with increased impact and that are adapted to the needs of the audience. We also highlight the challenges of addressing the key criteria of credibility, relevance, legitimacy and iterativity that often lead to trade-offs.
Concepts and practices for the democratisation of knowledge generation in research partnerships for sustainable development
Authors: Ott Cordula , Kiteme Boniface
Published: September 2016

In response to the development and climate crisis of the Anthropocene, world leaders at the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York have reconfirmed the urgency of a sustainability transformation. This paper shows how a strong conceptualisation of sustainability can guide scientists in contributing to this transformation. The Eastern and Southern Africa Partnership Programme (1999–2015) offers experiences in framing and implementing research as a transdisciplinary future-forming process. Its procedural, reflexive programme design proved adequate to support the democratisation of knowledge generation. This fostered evidence-based contextualised knowledge and corresponding institutions, and strengthened the future-forming capacity of all partners involved.
Age structure of owned dogs under compulsory culling in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area
Authors: Bortoletto Danielly Vieira , Utsunomiya Yuri Tani , Perri Silvia Helena Venturoli , Ferreira Fernando , Nunes Cáris Maroni
Published: September 2016

Abstract: The age structure of the dog population is essential for planning and evaluating control programs for zoonotic diseases. We analyzed data of an owned-dog census in order to characterize, for the first time, the structure of a dog population under compulsory culling in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area (Panorama, São Paulo State, Brazil) that recorded a dog-culling rate of 28% in the year of the study. Data on 1,329 households and 1,671 owned dogs revealed an owned dog:human ratio of 1:7. The mean age of dogs was estimated at 1.73 years; the age pyramid indicated high birth and mortality rates at the first year of age with an estimated cumulative mortality of 78% at the third year of age and expected life span of 2.75 years. In spite of the high mortality, a growth projection simulation suggested that the population has potential to grow in a logarithmic scale over the years. The estimated parameters can be further applied in models to maximize the impact and minimize financial inputs of visceral leishmaniasis control measures.
Emergência e institucionalização da sexologia em Portugal: processos, atores e especificidades
Authors: Alarcão Violeta , Machado Fernando Luís , Giami Alain
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Com base na teoria dos campos de Bourdieu, este artigo analisa a emergência e a institucionalização da sexologia enquanto ciência e profissão em Portugal, identificando instituições, atores e práticas profissionais, e discutindo as suas relações e especificidades. Começa por contextualizar o surgimento da sexologia moderna ocidental para uma compreensão do caso português no contexto sexológico internacional. Numa segunda parte, descreve os fatores de natureza social, cultural e institucional que têm impulsionado a profissionalização da sexologia. Na terceira, descreve a emergência da sexologia portuguesa e os seus principais marcos históricos, instituições e atores em jogo. Por fim, discute algumas implicações desse processo para o papel da sexologia como ciência e profissão. Esta pesquisa revela as dinâmicas entre processos nacionais e internacionais no campo, na transição de uma perspectiva holística da sexologia para a hegemonia da medicina sexual, e clarifica os seus mecanismos de legitimação como ciência transdisciplinar da sexualidade, sugerindo perspectivas futuras.
Development of a scale to evaluate mobility in dogs
Authors: Gonçalves Luísa Carneiro Vasconcelos Basto , Simões Ana Daniela Gomes Araújo , Millis Darryl Lynn , Matos Augusto José Ferreira de
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to develop and to assess the psychometric characteristics of a mobility scale for dogs. The original ten questions were reduced using validation process. One hundred and twenty three dog owners were invited to answer the questionnaire. Internal consistency, factor analysis, floor and ceiling effect and construct validity were studied. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha=0.854) was determined with two items eliminated. The instrument comprises 8 final questions, each of which has five possible answers (never, rarely, sometimes, often and always) scored between 0 and 4 or between 4 and 0 (for the items with inverse score). Three hypotheses proposed for the construct validity were verified: 1) gender does not influence dog mobility (P=0.584); 2) mobility decreases with age (P<0.001); 3) dogs with orthopaedic or neurological diagnosed pathologies have less mobility (median score (P25; P75) 46.9% (31.3; 68.8)) than healthy dogs (median score (P25; P75) 81.3% (71.9; 93.8)) (P<0.001). Total score range was 0 to 32 points, with higher values indicating greater mobility of dogs. The Dog Mobility Scale was capable of assessing mobility in dogs, with good psychometric characteristics, and is simple and inexpensive to apply in clinical practice.
Design specifications of a human-powered planter
Authors: Stefanello Giusepe , Machado Antônio Lilles Tavares , Reis Ângelo Vieira dos , Machado Roberto Lilles Tavares , Morais César Silva de
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to establish the design specifications of a human-powered punch planter for maize and beans through the application of a systematic design methodology. The most important design requirements and their specifications are related to technical performance and production cost.
Lightweight males of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) neglect lightweight females due low reproductive fitness
Authors: Pereira A. I. A. , Silva R. B. , Tavares W. S. , Malaquias J. B. , Zanuncio J. C.
Published: September 2016

Abstract Sexual choice by male stink bugs is important because females that experience food shortages lay fewer eggs with lower viability compared with well-fed females. In this study, we investigated whether Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) males fed with a low-quality diet during its nymphal stage show selectivity for sexual partners resulting in high-quality progeny. Lightweight males and females were obtained from nymphs fed weekly with Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae. By contrast, heavyweight males and females were fed three times a week and received an extra nutritional source: cotton leaves, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae). Lightweight males preferred to mate with heavy females (77.78 ± 14.69%), whereas heavyweight males did not discriminated between light or heavyweight females. Females mated with lightweight males showed similar levels of reproduction to those mated with heavyweight males. The results provide an indication of the importance of male and female body weight for sexual selection in Asopinae stink bugs.
Development of antennal sensilla of Tetragonisca angustula Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) during pupation
Authors: Dohanik V. T. , Souza E. A. , Lisboa L. C. O. , Zanuncio J. C. , Serrão J. E.
Published: September 2016

Abstract The antennal sensilla are sensory organs formed by a group of neurons and accessory cells, which allow perception of environmental cues, which play a role as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. This study describes the post-embryonic development of the antennal sensilla of the stingless Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) workers. The development of the antennal sensilla begins in the transition stage of the pre-pupae to white-eyed pupae. The sensilla are completely developed at the black-eyed pupae stage, but they are covered by the old cuticle. The sensilla are exposed to the environment only in newly emerged workers of T. angustula, but it is possible that environmental stimuli can be recognized due to the pores in the old cuticle.
Plant antiherbivore defenses in Fabaceae species of the Chaco
Authors: Lima T. E. , Sartori A. L. B. , Rodrigues M. L. M.
Published: September 2016

Abstract The establishment and maintenance of plant species in the Chaco, one of the widest continuous areas of forests in the South American with sharp climatic variations, are possibly related to biological features favoring plants with particular defenses. This study assesses the physical and chemical defenses mechanisms against herbivores of vegetative and reproductive organs. Its analyses of 12 species of Fabaceae (Leguminosae) collected in remnants of Brazilian Chaco shows that 75% present structural defense characters and 50% have chemical defense – defense proteins in their seeds, like protease inhibitors and lectins. Physical defenses occur mainly on branches (78% of the species), leaves (67%), and reproductive organs (56%). The most common physical characters are trichomes and thorns, whose color represents a cryptic character since it does not contrast with the other plant structures. Defense proteins occur in different concentrations and molecular weight classes in the seeds of most species. Protease inhibitors are reported for the first time in seeds of: Albizia niopoides, Anadenanthera colubrina, Mimosa glutinosa, Prosopis rubriflora, and Poincianella pluviosa. The occurrence of physical and chemical defenses in members of Fabaceae indicate no associations between defense characters in these plant species of the Chaco.
Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) from Vila do Abraão, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Ximenes R. F. , Gonçalves I. C. B. , Miyahira I. C. , Pinto H. A. , Melo A. L. , Santos S. B.
Published: September 2016

Abstract Pleurolophocercous cercariae found in the invasive gastropod Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) collected in a stream of the Vila do Abraão, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were used for experimental infection that enabled the identification of the heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). The parasite has been found in the locality since 2007, after two years of the introduction of M. tuberculata. Recently, from a sample of 483 specimens collected in June 2013, 101 (21%) were found infected with parasite. The potential environmental impacts caused by the parasite occurrence could be underestimated in the country, and actions to monitor and control both the parasite and the mollusk are necessary.
Influence of abiotic variables on the bat fauna of a granitic cave and its surroundings in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Alana Drielle , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: September 2016

Abstract In the present study we analyzed the bat assemblage of the granitic cave Gruta do Riacho Subterrâneo and its surroundings (Itu, São Paulo state, Brazil) aiming to verify the influence of seasonality on its species composition and population abundances. Five samplings were carried out with three days of duration each, along the period from October 2013 to September 2014. Captures of bats were performed by setting mist nets in cave entrances, its interior and surroundings, making a total capture effort of 6,090 m2.h. Our results indicate that this cave is shelter for a rich bat assemblage with fifteen species captured. Carollia perspicillata, Desmodus rotundus and Myotis sp. were the most abundant species. A comparison of the assemblage composition with that of other caves of São Paulo state revealed that its composition is very similar and typical of the Atlantic Forest Atlantic cave chiropterofauna independently of cave lithology. A multiple regression analysis performed to check for the existence of correlation between the seasonal fluctuation of the climatic variables temperature, pluviosity and air humidity did not reveal significant relationships among these and the changes in the abundance of bats. However, the analysis of canonical correspondence including these variables and also moonlight luminosity indicated a significant relationship of the changes in bat abundance with the air relative humidity. Changes in bat abundances are probably related to the seasonality in food availability. The accumulation curve obtained from the relationship between the accumulated richness of species and the number of samples showed that more samplings are required to reach the asymptote of species richness. Considering that Gruta do Riacho Subterrâneo is the largest granitic cave in Brazil and that it shelters a high number of bat species, including common and rare species, we suggests the preservation of this cave for maintenance of bat diversity in São Paulo state.
Natural history of G ynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) in galls of Ficus benjamina (Rosales, Moraceae)
Authors: Mascarenhas André Luiz S. , Silva Junior Juvenal C.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Galls induced by thrips are simple structures when compared to those of other groups of arthropods, and little is known regarding many of their aspects. This study aimed to investigate aspects of the natural history of Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmermann, 1900 in galls of Ficus benjamina L., 1753 using seasonal sampling (summer and winter). Twenty trees were sampled and divided into quadrants. From each of them, five galls were collected, forming a total of 400 galls per collection. Thrips showed greater abundance at higher temperatures (25.7°C) and no precipitation. Sex ratio was biased towards females (0.022 males per female), pointing to an inbred mating structure. Arthropod fauna associated with galls was more abundant (N=798) in winter, and it included representatives of the orders Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera and Blattodea.
Hábitat y historia de vida de Pachychelles laevidactylus (Crustacea, Anomura, Porcellanidae) en el intermareal rocoso de Mar del Plata, Argentina
Authors: Camiolo Martina Daniela , Luppi Tomás Atilio
Published: September 2016

RESUMEN Se analizó la estructura del hábitat, el crecimiento relativo, la heteroquelia, la estructura poblacional, la madurez morfométrica y la fecundidad de Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892, durante Abril, Mayo y Junio del 2005, en sustratos naturales de Mar del Plata, Argentina (38°02'S, 57°31'W). La cobertura algal, la exposición al oleaje y el tiempo de inmersión varió de manera significativa entre estratos y entre meses. La morfometría de las quelas no manifestó diferencias entre sexos. Las hembras mostraron el abdomen más grande que los machos. Si bien existió la heteroquelia, no se detectó lateralidad. Las tallas (ancho de caparazón) estuvieron comprendidas entre 0.67 mm a 9.3 mm para los machos, y entre 1.07 mm a 10.65 mm, para las hembras. La densidad de organismos varió entre meses y entre los estratos. La estructura poblacional, para el periodo de estudio, se explicó en función de la estructura del hábitat. La madurez morfométrica de las hembras fue registrada a los 4.38 mm de ancho de caparazón. El número de huevos se correlacionó positivamente con la talla de las hembras ovígeras con un mínimo de 2 huevos y un máximo de 160, pero esa relación dependió del avance en el desarrollo de los embriones.
Polyphasic growth in fish: a case study with Corydoras paleatus (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)
Authors: Barradas José R. S. , Lermen Isabel S. , Larré Gabriel G. , Martins Thaís P. , Fontoura Nelson F.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT A weight-length relationship was established for Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) (n=596) from samples taken in November-December 2009 and March-April 2010, in Pinguela Lagoon (29°46'57"S; 50°11'16"W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The species showed a polyphasic allometric growth pattern, each stanza described by an independent power equation controlled by a switch function: W = a1Lb1 ∙ (1 + eRsc ∙ (L-SCP))-1 + a2Lb2 ∙ [1 - (1 + eRsc ∙ (L-SCP))-1] ; where W is the expected weight for a specific length L, a1 and a2 are the proportionality coefficients for stanzas 1 and 2, b1 and b2 are the allometric coefficients for stanzas 1 and 2, Rsc is the stanza changing rate for the switch function and SCP is the stanza changing point for the switch function. The stanza changing point was estimated as 5.28 cm, corresponding with the length at first maturity for this species Lmat (5.29 cm). Our data suggest that a complex growth pattern can be in nature, and perhaps not often identified because trends are obscured by natural variability.
Dependencia térmica de la salamandra endémica de Colombia Bolitoglossa ramosi (Caudata, Plethodontidae)
Authors: Cruz Erika X. , Galindo Carlos A. , Bernal Manuel H.
Published: September 2016

RESUMEN La temperatura ambiental es un factor determinante en los procesos fisiológicos y comportamentales de los anfibios ya que son ectotérmos y consecuentemente dependen de una fuente de calor externa para alcanzar su temperatura corporal óptima. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la dependencia térmica de la salamandra endémica de Colombia Bolitoglossa ramosi Brame & Wake, 1972 con respecto a las temperaturas del aire y del sustrato. Para esto se realizaron diferentes muestreos en el municipio de Líbano, Tolima, Colombia, entre las 18:00 y las 24:00 horas, en Abril y Mayo de 2015. Allí se capturaron 34 individuos a los cuales se les registró directamente en campo: la temperatura corporal, la masa corporal y la longitud corporal. También, se midió la temperatura del sustrato y la temperatura del aire en el lugar donde fue encontrado el animal. La temperatura corporal de los individuos tuvo una media de 18.3±0.55°C, mostrando una relación positiva y significativa con la temperatura del sustrato y la temperatura del aire, lo que demuestra que la especie es termoconformadora. Además, la temperatura corporal mostró una dependencia térmica mayor con la temperatura del sustrato que con la del aire, indicando que B. ramosi presenta una regulación tigmotérmica. Finalmente, la temperatura corporal no se relacionó con la longitud corporal ni con la masa corporal. Esta información es importante para el conocimiento de la biología térmica de la especie y las posibles respuestas fisiológicas ante el incremento de las temperaturas ambientales.
Revaluation of the taxonomic characters and distribution of Omalonyx geayi (Gastropoda, Succineidae)
Authors: Arruda Janine O. , Barker Gary M. , Thomé José W.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 was originally described on the basis of specimens from Kaw swamp, French Guiana. This species distinguished from other of Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) by hermaphrodite duct twice as long and sacculate, without radial ducts but a funnel-shaped insertion on the ovariotestis, and (ii) by longitudinal wrinkled folds on the phallus inner wall. Two recent collections - from Trinidad and Carauari (Amazonas, Brazil) included specimens with ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct morphologies similar to that originally described for O. geayi, but with phallus morphology not consistent with identification as O. geayi. A further eight lots, from Suriname, Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas and Alagoas States), Bolivia and Cayenne-Kourou Road in French Guiana comprised specimens with phallus morphology analogous to O. geayi and ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct similar to that of other Omalonyx species. Based on histological examination, and earlier phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, we conclude that the ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct conditions previously described for O. geayi were based on parasitized specimens. Accordingly, O. geayi is redescribed, and new information presented on the species' wide distribution in South America.
Effect of temperature changes on the cercarial-shedding rate of two trematodes
Authors: Achiorno Cecilia L. , Martorelli Sergio R.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Since temperature is a key condition in the initiation of cercarial emergence, the objective of the work reported here was to evaluate the effect of that variable on the shedding of two morphologic and taxonomic types of cercariae. Bioassays were accordingly performed with snails naturally infected with either monostome or pleurolophocercous cercariae because those two cercarial types were found to be the most prevalent in the environment under study. The snails were placed in 6-ml circular plastic dishes with soft plastic stoppers containing 3 ml of reconstituted water and then sequentially exposed for 24 h to a 14:10-h light:dark cycle at 20, 25, or 30 °C. The data were analyzed at a significance level of p <0.05 by means of the InfoStat program. The optimum temperature for cercarial emergence was typically in the range of 25 °C and decreased significantly at 30 °C. We observed no significant difference in the number of cercariae emerging between the two morphologic types.
Uma questão de gênero: ofensas de leitores à Dilma Rousseff no Facebook da Folha
Authors: Stocker Pâmela Caroline , Dalmaso Silvana Copetti
Published: September 2016

Resumo: A proposta deste artigo é mapear os comentários ofensivos de leitores direcionados à presidenta Dilma Rousseff e analisar os sentidos relacionados ao preconceito de gênero em duas publicações da página do jornal Folha de S. Paulo no Facebook. As postagens, realizadas no dia 16 de março de 2015, são relativas à primeira declaração oficial da presidenta após os protestos pró-impeachment do dia 15 de março. Por meio da Análise do Discurso e ancorando-se nos estudos feministas pós-estruturalistas, foram mapeados 1.158 comentários de leitores. Verificou-se que 56% dos comentários constituem-se de ofensas que contêm preconceito de gênero. A análise destes textos levou a seis núcleos de sentido, cinco deles estritamente ligados a questões de gênero: Gaslighting e Manplaining; Misticismo e Religiosidade; Ódio e Misoginia; Machismo e Sexismo; e Bropriating.
O gênero negro: apontamentos sobre gênero, feminismo e negritude
Authors: Fernandes Danubia de Andrade
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Neste artigo, apresento uma revisão teórica do conceito de gênero à luz dos estudos raciais. Isto significa que os preceitos que estabeleceram importantes teorias feministas são conjugados às perspectivas raciais para entender a dupla alteridade da mulher negra. Este texto busca dar visibilidade às análises históricas e filosóficas construídas por feministas pioneiras no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos.
Entre o obsceno e o científico: pornografia, sexologia e a materialidade do sexo
Authors: Duarte Larissa Costa , Rohden Fabiola
Published: September 2016

Resumo: A partir de uma comparação entre os discursos da pornografia e da sexologia, este artigo explora questões sobre as variadas manifestações da sexualidade na cultura, a construção de roteiros eróticos e as operações através das quais o sexo é materializado através de instâncias de produção de verdade. Embora pareça inusitado, sugerimos que estes dois exemplos são saberes sexuais que compartilham referências e formas de atuação que nos fazem pensar a respeito da preeminência de certas normas de gênero e de interpretações contemporâneas acerca da produção da materialidade do sexo.
A biopolítica do corpo feminino em estratégias contemporâneas de ativismo digital
Authors: Silva Tarcisio Torres
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Neste trabalho, observamos a utilização da imagem do corpo feminino como uma estratégia recorrente em ações ativistas em diferentes partes do mundo. Os elementos estético-políticos do corpo, historicamente utilizados pelas artes, tais como o nu, a dor, o erotismo e a identidade (ou o anonimato) são reconduzidos para um projeto de cultura ativa e participativa dentro das redes de comunicação digital. Nossa análise insere-se no campo da biopolítica e faz uso de três exemplos recentes: os autorretratos da egípcia Aliaa Magda Elmahdy e as ações dos coletivos Pussy Riot (Rússia) e Femen (Ucrânia).
Judith Gautier e o espanto de Baudelaire: papéis sociais e espaços literários no século XIX
Authors: Cubas Caroline Jaques , Abes Gilles Jean
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Esse artigo tem por objetivo apresentar aspectos introdutórios sobre a vida e obra da escritora e tradutora francesa Judith Gautier, relativamente desconhecida no Brasil. Essa reflexão foi incitada pelo espanto que um artigo escrito e publicado pela jovem, com 19 anos, na época, no jornal Le Moniteur, em 29 de março de 1864, produziu sobre o poeta francês Charles Baudelaire. Pautamo-nos em uma carta do autor, endereçada a Judith em 9 de abril de 1864. A reação de surpresa de Baudelaire perante a análise da jovem produziu nele um questionamento sobre seus próprios preconceitos, os quais nos remetem aos papéis sociais e espaços literários atribuídos a mulheres e homens no século XIX.
Uma "perspectiva parcial" sobre ser mulher, cientista e nordestina no Brasil
Authors: Santos Vívian Matias dos
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Este artigo propõe compreender como mulheres cientistas estão inseridas na produção de conhecimento científico e tecnológico em universidades públicas federais específicas da Região Nordeste do Brasil. A realização de entrevistas e observações diretas nos seus cotidianos de trabalho tornaram possível a construção de reflexões alicerçadas nas experiências sociais de mulheres cientistas pertencentes a dois grandes ramos de saberes: humanidades e as ciências supostamente "exatas". Por meio desta abordagem, situada e parcial, sobre a inserção e permanência de mulheres nas ciências contemporâneas, pudemos observar a conservação de antigas questões que ainda se colocam como prementes na compreensão feminista e de gênero das ciências.
Para além do gênero: mulheres e homens em engenharias e licenciaturas
Authors: Casagrande Lindamir Salete , Souza Ângela Maria Freire de Lima e
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar discursos de homens e mulheres estudantes de engenharia e licenciaturas na UTFPR e na UFBA sobre os motivos de suas escolhas pelos cursos que realizam. O estudo faz parte da pesquisa de pós-doutorado que investigou as engenharias e licenciaturas das duas universidades sob a ótica de gênero. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas, uma quantitativa e outra qualitativa, sendo a etapa qualitativa realizada a partir de entrevista virtual. Os resultados apontam para o fato de que muitos são os fatores que interferem nas escolhas de homens e mulheres. Dentre eles, destaca-se a influência familiar e de professores/as, a expectativa de remuneração e, principalmente, a vontade própria. Os diferentes motivos alegados pelos/as estudantes dos cursos analisados não estão relacionados exclusivamente ao gênero. As próprias características dos cursos, não necessariamente associadas a estereótipos de gênero, assumem papel relevante nestas escolhas.
Redes de enfrentamento da violência contra mulheres no Sertão de Pernambuco
Authors: Scott Parry , Nascimento Fernanda Sardelich , Cordeiro Rosineide , Nanes Giselle
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Objetivamos analisar as redes institucionais e de interconhecimento acionadas pelas mulheres rurais para enfrentar a violência, em municípios do Sertão de Pernambuco, Brasil. Usando trabalho de campo, entrevistas e discussões em grupo, numa pesquisa colaborativa com o Movimento de Mulheres Trabalhadores Rurais do Sertão Central, apresentamos a existência de porosidade entre as redes, que repercute nas lógicas operacionais político-legais de enfrentamento. Ambas as redes mantêm posturas contraditórias, de ajuda/suporte e, também, de recusa de apoio/assistência para evitar e sair das situações de violência. Propostas de implementação de políticas para as mulheres do campo e da floresta devem atentar para esses elos de porosidade que vulnerabilizam e ferem possibilidades de garantia dos direitos humanos das mulheres.