bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOOTH BRUSHING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Ashraf Sobia , Jamil Hamza
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study is performed to ascertain the efficacy of “horizontal scrub”Fones method and “modified bass” brushing techniques. Method: A group of 150 schoolchildren of age 8-11 years were randomly selected in different schools of Gojra city. Threegroups of schoolchildren were made by random selection and children of each group weredemonstrated by one of the three techniques. Group 1(Fones method). Group 2(modifiedBass). Group 3(Horizontal scrub). All the kids under this study were reexamined after two daysand re-assess the plaque index and to obtain follow-up data. Result: The result concluded bystatistical analysis and intergroup comparison also concluded by using ANOVA test. Reductionin plaque score was assessed and compared with each other. Conclusion: Modified Bass wasfound most effective in the reduction of plaque score, horizontal scrub was the second effectivetechnique and least one was Fones.
UNCOMPLICATED TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: Ali Kashif , Hussain Sajid , Akhter Muhammad Saleem
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Objectives of this study were To compare the clinical andbacteriological cure rates of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicatedtyphoid fever and To determine any difference in the clinical and bacteriological cure rateswithin the two groups of study. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Setting: Departmentof Medicine, DHQ/ Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan. Period: April 2016 to September 2016.Patients and Methods: A total of 60 patients including both males and females over 18 yearsof age were included in the study by Simple random probability sampling. Patients fulfilling theinclusion criteria were divided in two equal groups of 30 by using the random numbers table.First group was treated with azithromycin one gram on day one and then 500 mg daily for nextsix days. Second group was treated with ciprofloxacin 500mg twice daily for ten days. All thedata was analyzed by the computer programme SPSS. Frequency, percentages, mean valuesand standard deviations were calculated for age, sex, symptoms, signs, culture reports, clinicalcure rates and bacteriological cure rates. Results: Most common clinical feature was fevernoted in 100% patients followed by headache (86.6%) and nausea / vomiting (76.6%). Out of60, 52 (86.6%) patients were culture positive. In Azithromycin group clinical and bacteriologicalresponses were achieved in 93.3% and 92.3% respectively while in ciprofloxacin group theywere 96.6% and 96.15% respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between theclinical and bacteriological cure rates among two groups. Conclusion: Both ciprofloxacin andazithromycin are equally effective in the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever.
PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
Authors: Azam Azmeena , Husnain Hafiz Maoz , Marryum Iqra
Published: August 2021

Background: Pre-labour rupture of the membranes is one of the most commonclinical presentations in an obstetric setting. Early diagnosis is a major challenge faced byevery obstetrician and key to effective management and prevention of complications. As aresult of PROM, amniotic fluid that provides protection to the developing fetus is lost, exposingit to the outside environment. β-hCG is a hormone secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts found inamniotic fluid that can be studied for the evaluation of PROM. Objectives: To find the DiagnosticAccuracy of β human chorionic gonadotrophin test in vaginal washings taking amniotic fluidpooling as gold standard of diagnosing PROM. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting:Unit II, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Period: Threemonths from January 2017 to March 2017. Material and methods: Females of age 18-40 yearswith gestational age >36weeks (calculated by LMP) complaining of PV leaking were includedin the study. Samples for β-hCG measurements were taken after informed consent. A β-hCGkit (Acu-check) was used for detection of β-hCG in vaginal fluid washings of pregnant women.Results: Diagnostic accuracy of β-hCG test was 91.66%. Sensitivity and specificity of β-hCGtest was 86.66% and 96.66%. Positive predictive and negative predictive value was 96.29% and87.87% respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that for diagnosis of patientshaving PROM, beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) is a reliable, easy and quick test.
CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN
Authors: Rabia Syeda , Qureshi Naeem Akhtar , Shahid Afsha , Afreen Hira
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency and associated risk factors of chronicpelvic pain (CPP) in educated women under 30 years of age. Study Design: A cross sectionalstudy. Setting: North Naziabad and Gulshan e Iqbal towns of Karachi. Period: January to July2017. Method: Data was collected through convenient sampling. Informed verbal consentwas taken before data collection. A questioner was used to collect demographic and obstetricdata. Screening of Anxiety and depression was done using standard tool Hospital basedanxiety and depression scale (HADS).Result were analyzed on SPSS. Result: The mean ageof women were 25 years, SD = 4.31. The frequency of chronic pelvic pain was 29% (116).Gynecological cause was found in 68.9% (80). Irritable bowel syndrome was seen in 9% (36)women. Significant association of CPP was noted with Dysmenorrhoea (p-value=000,OR=.207), Dyspareunia (p-value = .000, OR = .166), Heavy menstrual flow (p-value = .033, OR= .333), married (p-value = .000, OR = .414), Vaginal discharge (p-value = .000, OR = .260),Anxiety (p-value = .000, OR = .300), depression (p-value = .002, OR = .452), Normal mentalstatus (p-value = .000, OR = 2.488), Irritable bowel syndrome (p-value = .000, OR = .169)and PMS (p-value = .000, OR = .438). Conclusion: Frequency of chronic pelvic pain is high inyoung educated women. Gynecological causes, irritable bowel syndrome and psychologicaldisorder are significantly associated with CPP.
TRISMUS
Authors: Shaikh Alvina Ali , Shafique Salman , Shahid Hassan
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To compare trismus in surgical removal of impacted mandibularthird molar using comma incision and standard Wards incision. Study Design: Cross sectionalstudy. Setting: Dental OPD of Isra Dental College, Isra University. Period: 1st January to 30thJune 2016. Materials and Methods: A sample of 50 patients of impacted third molar wasselected by non-probability purposive sampling for tooth extraction either by conventionaltechnique or by coma shaped incision at the Department of Oral surgery, Isra Dental CollegeHospital. Patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Post-operativemeasurement of trismus was measured on 1st, 3rd and 7th day respectively. Results: Mean ±SD age in group A and B was noted as 28.5 ± 4.32 and 27.2 ± 4.39 years respectively. Maleand female in groups A and B were noted as 16 (64%) and 9 (36%), & 14 (56%) and 11 (44%)respectively. Right and left lower mandibular teeth extraction in groups A and B were noted 11and 14, & 10 and 15 respectively. Trismus was measured preoperatively and subsequently atday 1, day 3 and day 7. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Coma incision was preferable over theconventional method- the standard Ward`s incision because of lesser degree of trismus seen.Further research with newer flap designs and the comma design should be preferred by theclinicians for the extraction of impacted third molar surgery.
OVARIAN MALIGNANCY
Authors: Rafiq Shabana , Bibi Razia , Ashraf Samina
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of ovarian malignancy in women ofreproductive age presenting with ovarian mass and to determine frequency of factors leadingto ovarian malignancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics& Gynaecology, Lady Wallington Hospital, Lahore. Period with Dates: From 05.11.11 to26.06.12. Results: The result of our study reveals majority of the patients between 21-30 yearsi.e. 45.88%(n=39), common age was 24.21+3.76 years, 43.53%(n=37) were nulliparous (inmajority), while frequency of ovarian malignancy in women of reproductive age presenting withovarian mass was recorded in 14.11%(n=12) while frequency of factors leading to ovarianmalignancy was 91.67%(n=11) patients were nulliparous while family history of ovarianmalignancy was in 8.33%(n=1) patients. Conclusions: The frequency of ovarian malignancy ishigher among reproductive age females with increased risk of nulliparity.
DENTAL FLUOROSIS
Authors: Ashraf Sobia , Khalid Muhammad Usman , Jamil Hamza
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To assess the incidence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren aged12 to 15 years resident of Gojra, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: 10Different Public Schools of the City Gojra. Period: May to July 2017. Method: 526 volunteerswere examined in ten public schools of Gojra. The examination was performed in the schoolplayground by three dentists after tooth brushing under observation by a hygienist. Beforeexamination cotton pellets were applied on the teeth surfaces to remove the moisture and makethem perfectly dried and were examined in day light, with the use of an explorer, a mouth mirrorand tongue depressor. Dental fluorosis score was formulated using Dean’s index. Result: Dentalfluorosis was documented in nearly 18.44% of the examined schoolchildren. Maximum childrenwere presented with questionable condition (7.60%) and then followed by very mild (5.13%).The severity rate was 0.76%. Conclusion: Incidence of dental fluorosis was in accordance withother studies results done in the past. Fluoride is a crucial mineral and helps in controlling thecaries but it’s use must be in the normal range according to the demand of that area.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)
Authors: Manzoor Adil , Abasher Rashid
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is pretty common among the patients withCKD some studies suggesting it to be starting from CKD 3 when the egfr start falling from60 ml/min. The cause can be due to different reasons including race, obesity, nutrition, lackof exposure to sun, and not the least, decrease in 1,alpha hydroxylase once the gfr starts tofall significantly. Objectives: The hypothesis was that lower Vitamin D level will be associatedwith increased inflammatory burden and decreased immunological response. Study Design:This was a cross-sectional study looking at the relationship between Vitamin D level andinflammatory markers in CKD 4 Pts when egfr started falling from 30 ml/min. Study Design andDuration: The study was started in March 2016 and finished in May 2016 among consecutive100 CKD 4 patients coming to the clinic who were identified to be eligible for the study. Materialsand Methods: We looked at the relationship between Vitamin D level and markers of mineralbone disorder, similarly we also looked at the relationship between erythropoietin dosage,hemoglobin and Vitamin D levels. Erythropoietin dose, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation,were used to study the link between Vitamin D and markers of anemia. Hepatitis B surfaceantigen antibodies were measured to study the response between Vitamin D level and immuneresponse to Hep B vaccine. Results: Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in diabeticscompared to non-diabetics (P = 0.02) and lower in females compared to males (P = 0.009).No statistical significance was observed between Vitamin D levels and immune response tohepatitis B vaccine (P = 0.89), phosphate level (P= 0.1), calcium levels (P = 0.79), parathyroidhormone (PTH) levels (P = 0.57), C-reactive protein (P =0.19), serum albumin (P = 0.17),hemoglobin level (P = 0.18,) and erythropoietin requirement (P = 0.87).Conclusions VitaminD deficiency is highly prevalent in advanced CKD in Saudi Arabia. A RCT is recommendedregarding response to vitamin D supplementation.
ACUTE INFERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Zab Jehan , Javed Muhammad Kashif , Ali Farman
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To find the frequency of complete heart block in acute inferior wallmyocardial infarction and its relation with severe obstructive disease of the infarct related artery.Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Cardiology Choudhary PervaizElahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan. Period: June 2016 to June 2017. Methodology: Noneprobably consecutive sampling technique was used. Collected data was entered and analyzedthrough statistical/computer software SPSS vrs 22, mean ± SD was calculated for quantitativedata and variables like, age and frequency (percentage) was calculated for qualitative datalike gender, dominant artery and CHB. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results:A total number of n=234 (100%) patients were included in this study, both male and femalegenders. Distribution of Gender showed that male patients were more than females patientsi.e. n=198 (84.6%) and n=36 (15.4%) respectively. The main outcome variable of this studywas severity of disease. It was observed that, in with CHB group, severity of disease noted as93.2% (n=109) patients while in without CHB group it was 57.3% (n=67). Conclusion: Inferiorwall MI has severe adverse effects when combines with complete AV nodal heart block. Severityof disease was significantly associated with gender. Almost all times infarct related artery wasdominant right coronary artery.
SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
Authors: Gul Noor , Rizvi Tahir Habib , Alam Memoona
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To record frequency of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patientsof liver cirrhosis with low ascitic protein contents. Methodology: This study included 81 patientswith liver cirrhosis with low ascitic proteins level. All the patients were evaluated for the presenceof spontaneous bacterial peritonitis which was described as frequency distribution table. StudyDesign: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Medical wards of DHQ and Allied Hospitals (PunjabMedical College) Faisalabad. Duration of Study: 11th May 2011 to 10th November 2011.Results: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was present among 29 (35.8%) patients and wasnot present among 52 (64.2%) patients. Conclusion: All the patients with low ascitic proteinlevel should be evaluated for the presence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and antibioticprophylaxis should be considered.
UNNATURAL DEATHS
Authors: Parveen Humera , Naeem Muhammad , Pal Mobin Inam , Iqbal Javed , Hussain Ijaz
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Death is certain for every living creature and everybody has totaste death but death caused by unnatural means leave a permanent scars on the soul ofsociety. Objective: To determine the pattern of unnatural deaths in Faisalabad during 2016.Study design: Retrospective study. Duration of Study: One year from 1/1/2016 to 31/12/2016.Sample Size: Total cases 288. Sample Technique: Convenient sampling. Material andMethod: Data was collected by analyzing the pre autopsy requisites, autopsy reports,admission charts, death certificates and reports from Punjab Forensic Science Agency frompostmortem unit of Faisalabad Medical University during the year 2016. Results: 288 autopsieswere performed during the year 2016,226 were male and 62 were females. The most proneages were from 10 years to 50 years that is 79.16 % of total cases and more specific age is20 years to 29 years (29.86%). The manner of death was, 142 cases were homicidal deathsand 98 cases accidental deaths were reported. The share of deaths caused by firearm injurieswas 119 cases, RTA induced deaths were 98 case and 19 cases were caused by poisoning.Conclusion: Most common causes of death were medicolegal injuries and among them firearminjuries remains on the top. Provision of speedy justice, inclusion of most modern techniquesduring investigation, free education, and reduction in unemployment and implementation oflaws without discrimination will help in decreasing the crime rate.
PLACENTA ACCRETA
Authors: Ambreen Afshan , Ahmed Farhat ul Ain , Zafar Sobia , Saeed Abeer , Mushtaq Sundus , Arsalan Maaz
Published: August 2021

Placenta accreta is an obstetrical emergency associated with significantmaternal morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, hysterectomy at the time of cesarean sectionhas been the mainstay of therapy especially in cases where diagnosis is made antenatally. Inrecent years different conservative treatments for partly or totally adherent placental tissue inthe uterine cavity have been reported in patients willing to preserve fertility. We report a case ofsuccessfully managed placenta accreta with methotrexate in our department. The patient washaemodynamically stable, had desire for future fertility and gave informed consent to all thepossible risks of conservative management including repeated episodes of bleeding, multipleblood transfusions, pain, infection, delayed hysterectomy and prolonged follow up. We useda regimen of two doses of methotrexate given a week apart. Further studies are required tostudy the effectiveness of methotrexate and to establish its dose and schedule in conservativemanagement of placenta accreta.
SPINE TRAUMA
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Sajid , Javed Muhammad Asad , Elahi Muhammad Zafar , Sehrish Sana , Shah Sultan
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the etiology and level of spine trauma in patientspresenting in tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Pakistan Institute ofMedical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, from September 20th, 2014 to March 20th, 2015. Subjects:The patients in the study were of both genders, between 15 to 80 years of age (N=315, meanage 38.17 years, SD 17.31). Materials and Methods: All 315patientsbetween 15 to 80 yearsof age with spine trauma presenting to the Neurosurgery department of PIMS, Islamabadconsented to participate in the study. All these patients had underwent thorough history andphysical examination after stabilization and initial emergency management. X-ray spine wascarefully reviewed and patient details, bio-data, etiology of trauma, spinal injury type, level,neurological status and diagnosis were recorded. Results: The most frequently affected agegroup presenting with spine trauma were young and between 15 to 30 years of age (17.1%).The most frequent etiologies seen for spine injury were falls; 158 (50.2%) followed by RTA’s;129 (41%). The most common level of spine trauma presentation was at the lumbar spine;142 (45.1%) followed by thoracic spine fractures; 80 (25.4%). Conclusion: Lumbar spine andyounger male people are more prone to spinal injuries in Pakistan. The most frequent reasonfor the trauma was due to falls followed by road traffic accidents.
HYPERURICEMIA
Authors: Habib Muhammad Saqib , Khatoon Shafat , Sand Aijaz Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the association of hyperuricemia with hypertension.Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Out-patient department ofFuji foundation hospital, Rawalpindi. The study conducted over a period of six months from 1stFebruary 2012 till 31st July 2012. Methodology: 268 patient were selected for study and dividedinto two groups on the basis of presence or absence of hypertension (group 1 comprisedof newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and group 2 comprised normotensive individuals).Each group comprised 134 patients fulfilling inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Serum uric acid levelswere checked and compared in both groups. Results: In hypertensive group, the minimumage was 20 years and the maximum age was 100 years with a mean age of 50.76. Minimumuric acid level was 193/literμmol and maximum uric acid level was 608 μmol/L with a mean of316.87. In non-hypertensive group, minimum age was 20 years and the maximum age was80 years with a mean age of 47.84. The minimum uric acid level was 125μmol /L and themaximum was 404μmol/L with a mean of 273.24. The P-value was 0.000 which means that thedifference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is statisticallysignificant association of hyperuricemia with hypertension. More studies are recommended toestablish this fact.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Elahi Irfan , Nasir Zeshan , Ahmed Sajjad , Raheel Shamsa
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of typesof nail changes in chronic kidney disease. Settings: Nephrology department, Mayo HospitalLahore. Duration of Study: From July 2016 to March 2017. Study Design: Descriptive Crosssectional study. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was filled for data collection. 220CKD patients were recruited. Basic demographic information like age and gender was obtainedfrom cases. Examination of nails of both hands and feet was done under bright light and anyabnormalities were noted on the structured performa. Nail changes were recorded as peroperational definition. Results: In our study, out of 220 cases, 61.36% (n=135) cases werebetween 15-50 years of age while 38.64% (n=85) were between 51-85 years of age, mean+sdwas calculated as 48.11+8.11 years, 57.27% (n=126) were male and 42.73% (n=94) werefemales, 16.36% (n=36) had half and half nails, 21.82% (n=48) had Koilonychia, 2.73% (n=6)had Beau’s lines, 48.64% (n=107) had Absent lanula, 1.36%(n=3) had Leuconychia, 5% (n=11)had Pitting, 1.82% (n=4) had Onycholysis, 2.27% (n=5) had Onychomycosis. Conclusion: Weconcluded that the frequency of nail changes in chronic kidney disease is significantly higherwhile absent lanula is a leading nail disorder followed by koilonychias and half and half nails inthese cases. Some other trials are required to validate our findings.
SEVERE PNEUMONIA
Authors: Amjad Asim , Ullah Ubaid , Azhar Iqbal Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Background: The signs and symptoms of pneumonia are often nonspecificand widely vary based on the patient’s age and the infectious organisms involved. IMNCI hasimproved case improved diagnose of pneumonia. This study was conducted to study thefrequency of correctly diagnosed cases of severe pneumonia by IMNCI classification in childrenbetween 2 – 59 months of age. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Departmentof Pediatrics, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: January to June 2013. Methodology: Total155 cases were included through Non probability purposive sampling. Chest radiographswere taken within the first 6 hours from Radiology Department and reports were obtained forevidence of pneumonia. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 16. Age, weight,height were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Sex and radiological findings of severepneumonia were presented as frequency tables and percentages. Results: The mean age ofpatients was 12.76±11.54 months. There were 47.1% females and 52.9% males. Out of 155patients 134(86.5%) had pneumonia on CXR where as only 21(13.5%) appeared with normalstatus which were already positive on IMNCI. Only 21 (13.5%) appeared with bilateral patchof consolidation, 62 (40%) appeared with Unilateral patch of consolidation, 11 (7.1%) wereappeared with Bronchopneumonia, 30 (19.4%) were appeared with lung collapse condition and(12.9%) were appeared with Pleural Effusion. Conclusion: Clinical assessment of pneumonia inchildren on IMNCI is equivalent to the assessment on chest X-ray.
The FAIRness of data management plans: an assessment of some European DMPs
Authors: Henning Patricia , Da Silva Luis Olavo Bonino , Pires Luís Ferreira , Sinderen Marten Van , Moreira João Luís Rebelo
Published: August 2021

The FAIR principles have become a data management instrument for the academic and scientific community, since they provide a set of guiding principles to bring findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability to data and metadata stewardship. Since their official publication in 2016 by Scientific Data – Nature, these principles have received worldwide recognition and have been quickly endorsed and adopted as a cornerstone of data stewardship and research policy. However, when put into practice, they occasionally result in organisational, legal and technological challenges that can lead to doubts and uncertainty as to whether the effort of implementing them is worthwhile. Soon after their publication, the European Commission and other funding agencies started to require that project proposals include a Data Management Plan (DMP) based on the FAIR principles. This paper reports on the adherence of DMPs to the FAIR principles, critically evaluating ten European DMP templates. We observed that the current FAIRness of most of these DMPs is only partly satisfactory, in that they address data best practices, findability, accessibility and sometimes preservation, but pay much less attention to metadata and interoperability.
A instável verdade nos testemunhos sobre estupros na seção ‘Eu, leitora’ da revista Marie Claire
Authors: Gomes Barbosa Karina , Varão Rafiza
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, investigamos os modos como o jornalismo enquadra narrativas testemunhais de estupro publicadas na última década na seção ‘Eu, leitora’ da revista Marie Claire brasileira. A partir de uma análise textual narrativa, cotejada com estudos de trauma e testemunho e com estudos feministas, buscamos problematizar a maneira como o jornalismo lida com o testemunho. Dialogamos com o conceito de fait divers e sua presença no jornalismo dito feminino para compreender os modos como Marie Claire enquadra esses relatos. Concluímos que a revista opera ambiguamente em relação à verdade testemunhal das feridas traumáticas dessas mulheres, ao mesmo tempo se aproximando e se afastando delas, por meio de estratégias narrativas e editoriais.
Game Hago Sebagai Media Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kurnia Ita , Noviantiningtyas Tera , Nur Rohmania Qonita
Published: August 2021

Abstrak: Indonesia saat ini menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0. Hal ini berpengaruh pada era pendidikan yang  bercirikan pemanfaatan teknologi digital  dalam proses pembelajaran. Penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi mutlak dibutuhkan dalam proses pembelajaran, Hago merupakan salah satunya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan cara meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD) melalu media pembelajaran game online (Hago). Penelitian ini bertempat di SDN Gogorante Kabupaten Kediri dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV. Dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan 5 langkah yaitu identifikasi variabel penelitian, identifikasi variabel penelitian, teknik dan pendekatan penelitian, teknik pengumpulan data, validasi soal, dan teknik analisis data. Berdasarkan pada hasil uji coba, didapatkan nilai dengan skor minimal 50 dan skor maksimal adalah 90 dengan rata-rata nilai siswa yaitu 74,80 yang sudah di atas KKM yaitu 70. Simpulan dari hasil uji coba yaitu penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis game daring Hago ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa serta layak untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran.

Kata kunci: media pembelajaran, game online, hago.
A Downside Risk Analysis of Inflation Hedging Capabilities of Individual Assets and Optimal Asset Allocation
Authors: Tabassam Aftab Hussain , Iqbal Zafar , Bhatti Arshad Ali , Mushtaq Amna
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study is to examine the inflation hedging capabilities of most widely used asset classes in Pakistan. It also attempts to find out the possibility of creating an inflation protected optimal asset mix. The sample consists of monthly data of cash, gold, stocks, foreign currency, real estate and inflation from 2005 to 2015. The major sources of data are SBP, World Bank and Pakistan Statistics Bureau. The downside analysis of these assets concludes that cash act as an inflation hedge for all the investment horizons. The findings showed that the Gold and stocks also have inflation hedging abilities in short run which extend to medium term investment horizon for gold only, while stocks appear to be a good inflation hedge for longer investment horizons. This study also suggests that investors can strategically create optimal portfolios that are hedged against inflation.
New locations and distribution of the alien species Acalipha australis L. (Euforbiaceae) in Azerbaijan
Authors: Abdiyeva Rena T. , Litvinskaya Svetlana A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract:The article is devoted to the introduced species
Acalypha australis L., which has recently been actively
expanding its secondary range in Azerbaijan. The
results of the study of the distribution and new localities
of the species in the republic are discussed, the areas
are specified, the species composition of phytocenoses
is described, the influence of field moisture on the
vitality of A. australis and the dependence on vertical
zoning are considered. The main habitats of the species
are garden plots, vegetable gardens, park zones and the
sides of small water channels, the introduction of A.
australis into forest, coastal ecosystems is noted.
Keywords: invasive species, Greater Caucasus, Lesser
Caucasus, forest ecosystems, coastal strip, agrocenoses,
abundance
Factors Related to HIV AIDS Fund Expenditure 2010-2018 (NASA 2019 Data Analysis)
Authors: Wahyuniar Lely , Hamamah Fatien , Fidiyahfi Dheni , Agustine Leonita
Published: August 2021

The prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS and various achievement targets are still challenges in HIV/AIDS intervention in Indonesia. Indonesia is required to map out the current resources and their allocation in dealing with HIV AIDS. The objective of this study is to know the distribution and the factors that related with the HIV/AIDS expenditure in the year 2010-2018. This study uses a correlation study design derived from the 2019 National AIDS Spending Assesment (NASA) report and other data sources. The results of the study show that the total expenditure on HIV/AIDS programs in 2017 was 143,053,754 USD and decreased to 107,680,959 USD in 2018. Of the total expenditure, about 60% each came from public funding, an increase of 30% over 10 years. There is a strong relationship between HIV expenditure and the variables of reported HIV cases, ARV coverage, GDP growth and health budget. Total domestic expenditure on HIV and the total health budget had the strongest relationship (R=0.885) with a contribution of 78.3% effect on the health budget (p=0.001). The availability of domestic funds is still limited and is dominated by the allocation of treatment. The high level of dependence on international funding especially on prevention means that the architecture of HIV/AIDS funding needs to be reorganized to protect the sustainability of HIV funding.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Black Bean Protein Concentrate Based on the Variation of Heating Time
Authors: Palijama Syane , Picauly Priscillia , Windarti Windarti
Published: August 2021

One type of beans that can be used as a source of protein is the black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L); because it has a sufficiently high protein content of 16.6%, it has the potential to be developed into protein concentrate. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical characteristics of black bean protein concentrate based on heating time. An experiment was carried out and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, with four levels of treatments, i.e. heating time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. The observed variables were yield, bulk density, water absorption, protein content, moisture content, and ash content. The results showed that the yield value was 7.66 - 12.11%, bulk density 0.78 - 0.81 g/mL, water absorption 1.84 - 1.97%, protein content 71.39 - 76.00%, moisture content 11.85 - 12.94% and ash content 3.30 - 3.57%.
The Role Of Customary Institutions In Natural Resource Management In Kailolo, Haruku Island
Authors: Tjoa Marthina , Sahureka Mersiana , Renyaan Arfandy
Published: August 2021

This study examined the role of sasi institutions in Kailolo negeri with the aim of 1. They are knowing the form of sasi application 2. Assessing the role of sasi institutions in natural resource management in Kailolo Haruku Island Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency. The method used in this research was qualitative, namely a survey. The study results show that sasi has legal value because it has norms and rules related to ways, habits, behaviour, and customs containing ethics and standards. The role of kewang institutions in Kailolo negeri is perfect because in managing sasi, the community and kewang are together in carrying out their respective functions and responsibilities. There are two sasi in the negeri of Kailolo, namely the Tanjung Moleo sasi and the Forest sasi, which are carried out using an auction system.
Wildlife Bio-Geography on Mangrove Communities in Saparua Island, Maluku
Authors: Badaruddin Ernywati , Kaya Manuel , Kaya Ivonne R G
Published: August 2021

On the island of Nusalaut, an orange crested white cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) was found. The interviews with several community leaders from the island of Nusalaut, including Raja Negeri Sila, reveal that there have been no Cacatua moluccensis birds in recent years worldwide Nusalaut. it is predicted that the Cacatua moluccensis bird has moved to Saparua island as the closest island. This bird is no longer found because of changes in the forest's structure and composition into agricultural land for cloves (Eugenia aromatica) because it does not need shade trees. The mangrove community along the coast of the island of Saparua for the last few years has experienced various pressures of development dynamics that have disrupted their lives. Therefore, at the same time, they impact the activities of wildlife that use them as habitat. This research was conducted by applying direct and indirect survey methods to determine the types and distribution of the mangrove community's wildlife inhabitants, both permanently and temporally. Seven species of mammals use the mangrove communities in Saparua Bay, Haria Bay and Tuhaha Bay, nine reptile species, and 18 species of birds.
Regularities of Methane and Coal Dust Ignition Caused by Electric Sources in Mine Workings
Authors: Kolesnichenko I.E. , Kolesnichenko E.A. , Lyubomishchenko E.I. , Kolesnichenko E.I. , Evsyukova A.A.
Published: August 2021

Fires and explosions pose the greatest threat in underground mines that use high-voltage electrical grids. The paper presents data on explosions of combustible methane and coal dust mixtures in Russian mines. It is shown that there always exists a high risk of fire resulting from a malfunction in the electrical grid. The research aims at determining the type and parameters of an electric arc, spark or open flame generated at the breaking points of electric conductors which initiate the ignition of a combustible medium. It was found that the commonly known ionic and thermal theories of ignition do not match the present state of knowledge. The methodology consisted in investigating patterns of electric charge generation and transfer up to the point of the mains failure. Regularities of energy processes in the atomic and molecular structure of the conductor material are presented. For the first time ever the concept of transformation of the electromagnetic energy generated in the alternator into photon packets of high-frequency energy is justified. An electron of the conductor atom absorbs a quantum of the generated energy, converts the generated frequency into a high-frequency photon packet and radiates it into the electric grid. It has been found that an electric arc or a spark, acting as a source of ignition for a combustible medium, is an electromagnetic emission of energy in the visible range.
Digitalization and Advanced Technologies at Raspadskaya Coal Company
Authors: Shiryaev S.N. , Lebedev I.M. , Mironov M.S.
Published: August 2021

Since 2020 the next technological revolution has started all over the world. The Raspadskaya Coal Company has also been keeping up with the times and introducing digital solutions that not only bring economic benefits, but also make employees’ work safer. The technological revolution requires the implementation of the socalled Industry 4.0 program, which covers the entire industry, including the coal mining sector.
Five Fundamental Trends of Global Energy Sector, European Green Deal as Deterrents to Development of Mining and Energy Sector
Authors: Plakitkin Yu.A. , Plakitkina L.S.
Published: August 2021

As part of the Paris Agreement on climate change, Russia has made a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 (compared to the 1990 level) with account for maximum carbon sequestration capacity of forests and other ecosystems. Implementation of the Paris Agreement significantly extends the effects of the fundamental global energy sector trends on development of the energy producing sectors and results in reduced consumption of coal and other conventional energy sources. The authors identified the following five trends in development of global energy sector, i.e. increasing energy density, global energy transition, impact of local energy transitions on the global technological development, growth of energy density and labor productivity, formation of "carbon trap". The paper discusses the anticipated large technological leaps to be realized in the world economy by the middle of the XXI century. Measures and proposals on adaptation of the coal industry to the new conditions of the world economic development are presented. Among these, particular attention should be paid to the preparation of a new Coal Strategy-2050, which would include the development of a "stress scenario" of a possible reduction in coal consumption due to the decarbonisation of the global economy by 2050 and the implementation of hydrogen energy programmes by many countries.
Assessment of the extent of man-induced transformation of a subsoil block in upward mining using ore and host rock caving
Authors: Mazhitov A.M.
Published: August 2021

The study provides a geomechanical assessment of the man-induced transformation of the 1st block at the Kamaganskoye deposit when the mining system is changed to sub-level caving of the ore and host rocks with no possibility of changing the order of reserve extraction. The relevance of the research results from detailed exploration activities that revealed changes in the ore body boundaries and a decrease in the ore grades. The possibility of partial mining of blocks in ore bodies No. 16 and 17 using the ore and host rock caving system has been assessed and the possibility of retaining the upward mining sequence has been established. The sequence of room mining is defined taking into account the changes in the ore body boundaries. The paper presents the results of assessing the stability of the undermined masses of ore bodies No. 16 and 17, as well as the stress-andstrain state of the rock mass at the assumed sequence of room mining. The results of mathematical modeling of the rock mass stress-and-strain state during room mining using the ore and host rocks caving system proved the technical feasibility of this solution.
Synovial chondromatosis as an etiology of ankle impingement: a case report
Authors: Souza Júnior Eli Ávila
Published: August 2021

Anterior ankle impingement is a common cause of chronic pain in this site and has synovial chondromatosis, albeit rare, as one of its possible etiologies. Both arthroscopic approach and open arthrotomy are reported as therapeutic option, but the few published data showed that the first is believed to bring more advantages. In a recent study, one of the limitations found by the authors was the rareness of this condition in the ankle, and thus the small number of publications on the topic. We present the rare case of synovial chondromatosis of the ankle in a middle-aged man, which was clinically manifested as anterior impingement syndrome and treated arthroscopically, showing an atypical arboriform vascularization pattern. Level of Evidence V; Diagnostic Studies; Expert Opinion.
Schwannoma of the medial plantar nerve: a case report
Authors: Machado Filho Adriano , Martins Jefferson Soares , Pereira Paulo Victor de Souza , Moura Júnior Ademir Freire de
Published: August 2021

We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with a schwannoma of the medial plantar nerve. She presented with the complaint of pain for about 2 years and a painful lesion in the medial plantar region of the left forefoot and on the second toe. Physical examination showed well-defined, firm tumor masses painful to palpation on the medial and plantar surface of the left forefoot and second toe. We surgically explored the area and excised 3 lesions, resulting in complete pain relief and no aesthetic complaints. Schwannomas of the medial plantar nerve are rare tumors, with only a few reports of cases extending to the forefoot. The finding of multiple schwannomas may be a red flag for the possible existence of local, painful, nerve lesions despite a negative Tinel sign. Appropriate surgical planning contributed to our successful intervention, without aesthetic, painful, or functional sequelae for the patient. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.
Reconstruction of chronic extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture using plantaris tendon graft
Authors: Villar Ricardo Ummen de Almeida Tenório , Benevides Pedro Costa , Nery Caio Augusto de Souza , Prado Marcelo Pires , Alloza José Felipe Marion , Masagão Renato do Amaral , Godoy-Santos Alexandre  Leme
Published: August 2021

Chronic tendon ruptures can be difficult to manage as end-to-end repair can be challenging. In this scenario, reconstruction techniques with tendon grafts may be useful. The ideal tendon graft would be one that has similar biomechanical properties, low donor-site morbidity and length compatible with the tendon gap. We describe a safe technique for the reconstruction of a chronic extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture using a plantaris tendon graft. Level of Evidence V, Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.
Distal fibular periosteal flap for superior peroneal retinaculum reconstruction
Authors: Ahrenholz Samuel J , Lalevee Matthieu , Lee Hee Young , Tazegul Tutku E , VandeLune Christian A , Mansur Nacime Salomão Barbachan , César Netto César de
Published: August 2021

Peroneal tendon instability is a common injury that occurs in physically active individuals, often as a result of trauma and in the context of an anatomically shallow distal fibular groove. Subluxation of these tendons over the lateral malleolus is accompanied by superior peroneal retinaculum injury. Several techniques have been described in the literature, including fibular groove deepening and retinaculum repair, but few reconstruction techniques are available for cases with insufficient residual retinaculum. We report the case of a 53-year-old man, without a history of trauma, who presented with chronic peroneal instability with a completely obliterated, unsalvageable retinaculum which we treated with a combination of fibular groove deepening and fibular periosteal flap to reconstruct the superior peroneal retinaculum. Level of Evidence V; Case Report; Expert Opinion.
Implant-related artifacts around metallic and bio-integrative screws: a CT scan 3D Hounsfield unit assessment
Authors: VandeLune Christian , Tazegul Tutku , J Ahrenholz Samuel , Iehl Caleb , Vivtcharenko Victoria , Schmidt Eli , N Dibbern Kevin , Lee Hee Young , Lalevee Matthieu , Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomão , De César Netto César
Published: August 2021

Objective: To assess the degree of implant-related artifacts (IRA) around metallic and bio-integrative (BI) cannulated screws using Hounsfield units (HU) on computed tomography (CT). Our hypothesis was that BI implants would demonstrate significantly decreased IRA around the inserted screws. Methods: In this cadaveric CT imaging study, we used 2 below-knee specimens. Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy was performed, and the specimens were fixed with either metallic or BI screws. HU values were measured over 4 different lines that crossed the osteotomy position. Results: The mean HU value was decreased in the BI implants compared to the metallic ones in 3 different positions: near the screw, directly over the screw, and inside the screw cannula. At the line placed 1 cm dorsal to the screw, the HU value for the metallic screw was lower than that for the BI screw. Conclusions: We found metallic implants to demonstrate significantly increased HU values in regions close to the implant and significantly decreased values 1 cm away from the implant, when compared to the BI screw. The decreased HU values 1 cm away from the implant could be due to a shielding effect of the surrounding bone, hindering the assessment of union and healing. BI implants represent an alternative to decrease these IRA effects. Level of Evidence III; Case-Control Study.
Recommendations for the conservation of the wild onions (Allium) gene pool in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia
Authors: Shipilina L. Yu.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Relevance. Preservation of the plant genetic diversity is necessary for carrying out largescale breeding activities in order to improve existing economically important species and create varieties of cultivated plants. The priority method is the in situ conservation. Hence is the relevance of studies of vulnerable crop wild relatives (CWR) in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia (NWFDR) for designing recommendations on their in situ conservation.Materials. The materials used in the present work were the herbarium collections of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (WIR), of the V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE), as well as the literature data, results of expeditionary surveys by VIR in 1946, 1948 and 1949, and from 2005 to 2020. The species included in the regional Red Data Books (RDB) were analyzed, data from GBIF and CWR open databases, and materials and maps of the Agroatlas used.Results and Discussions. Six species of the genus Allium, i.e. A. angulosum L., A. oleraceum L., A. schoenoprasum L., A. strictum Schrad., A. vineale L., and A. ursinum L. have been identified and proposed for conservation in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. Maps have been built, numerous data sources, as well as the author’s own observations, analyzed. Conservation recommendations have been developed for each species based on their vulnerability.
Results of the vir collecting mission in Adygea and Kuban in september 2018
Authors: Smekalova T. N. , Lyubchenko A. V. , Lebedeva N. V.
Published: August 2021

Twenty-six habitats in the Western Caucasus have been examined. Fifty-nine samples of seeds of cultivated plants, their wild relatives, and 77 herbarium specimens have been collected. Some of the samples are landraces of Phaseolus beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), spring garlic (Allium sativum L.), shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.), hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum (DC.) Sendtn.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), etc. Another part of the samples are cultivated plants forms of folk breeding, e.g., cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), etc. Samples of such wild relatives of cultivated plants as Lactuca serriola L., Prunus spinosa L., Cicerbita racemosa (Willd.) Beauverd, Asclepias syriaca L., Lathyrus sylvestris L., etc. were included in the VIR collections.