bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The psychoanalysis of Mam's character in the narrative of Mam and Zin based on Rogers's humanist model
Authors:   Persian Language Department, College of Languages, Salahaddin University, Rasheed Jihad Shukri
Published: February 2022

Abstract Humanism is considered as one of the novel trends in Psychology which deals with the human innate inclinations and his needs. Karl Ruggers is one of the humanist psychologists who has a positive perspective towards human potentials and creativities. In his works, Ruggers has a special inclination towards the idea of ‘superman’ and the ways that human being could pave the way to make this historical dream come true. The development of Zin’s round identity is one of the essential ideas in Mam and Zin that could be discussed and analyzed via Ruggers’ theory and is carried out in this research. The essence of human perfection is one of the coral arguments that Khani attempts to develop authentically from Mam’s perspective. Therefore, Ruggers’ humanist theory could analyze Khani’s thoughts in a great deal. Such a parallel alignment of Ruggers’ theories and Khani’s psychological thematic inclinations could lead to great conclusions that Khani as a Kurdish classic writer has delt with psychological development of his characters that analyzing them requires advanced contemporary knowledge in humanism and psychology. The results of the research vividly illustrate that Khani through his emphasis on Mam’s dynamic and round character attempts to provide his addressees with a perfect psychological model of the ‘superman’ and has done everything logically possible to characterize Mam; a character that shares a lot with Ruggers’ model of ‘superman’ celebrating the thinker’s psychological traits of a psychologically perfect human such as the potential of acquiring new experiences, living a purposeful life, dependance of self-organism, freedom, and creativity.
The Effect of Planning for Unexpected Events: A Case Study of COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Political Science and Management, Soran University, Hussein Rizgar Saed , Othman Sardar Sabri , Abdulkhaliq Sabir Sadiq , Hamze Murad Muzafer , Yousif Kamaran Ibrahim , Sulaiman Hushyar Yaseen
Published: February 2022

Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic was founded in December 2019 in Wuhan city in China. It continues to spread across the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by the end of March 2020, COVID-19 had led to more than 1000,000 confirmed infections and 10,000 deaths in 110 countries – and the numbers are increasing quickly. At the time of writing this report, more than 2,000,000 cases of the virus have been recorded worldwide. Kurdistan Region is not excluded from recording new cases. However, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) has taken some vital steps at the beginning to block the threat of COVIC-19, especially when some cases have been reported in neighbours countries such as Iran and Turkey. Still, at the time of writing this report, more than 200 cases have been confirmed here in Kurdistan Region. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of planning in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and the number of infections and saving lives in the Kurdistan Region. The questionnaire technique was used to collect the data, and the questions were self-generated. In this study, the planning on unexpected events was surveyed in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Data was collected from 323 randomly selected respondents in 2020 through using a survey questionnaire. The result of this study indicated that the relationship between most planning variables and unexpected events is significant.
Kurdish participation in the scientific life of Halab in the Burji Mamalik period (784-922K/1382-1516C) a historical-civilized study
Authors:   HistoryDepartment, College of Arts, Salahaddin University, Mirza Ahmed Mirza , Yahya Sazgar Othman
Published: February 2022

Abstract : This historical research is entitled “The participation of kurds in the Scientific Life of Aleppo During the Mamlukes Era Between 658-922 AH /1260-1560 AD”. The kurds are considered as one of the Muslim peoples outside their ancestors habitation who played an influential role in the North of the Levent in general and in Aleppo city particular. Aleppo city was the concentration habitat of a fair proportion of original kurdsh families who had a prominent position during those times. During the Mamlukes era, kurds played a critical role in the scientific and intellectual development of the city along with serving the community life of the city. Aleppo was the crossing bridge for the kurds towards other region of the levent and even to Egypt, as well.
The Turkey-Soviet Union Relationship (1917-1938): a Political History Study
Authors:   Social Sciences Department, College of Basic Education, Salahaddin University, Hamad Paiman Abdullah , Mahmoud Bakhtyar Saeed ,   Social Sciences Department, College of Basic Education, Salahaddin University, Shafiey Kaiwan ,   Sina University
Published: February 2022

Abstract The ottoman – Czaric Russia were neighborhood countries before world war two the relationship between them were not good due to different factors. Although between 1917- 1923 especially after the emergence of Kamali movement، the relationships were good. The Russians support the kamali movement until turkey become an independent country، a new republic has been established via international confession in 1923. An important agreement has been signed in 1925 between both countries، this agreement has received a lot of reaction around the world but this does not mean that Turkey and Soviet are close friends without problems and trust each other. Especially Turkey always tried to be strong and appear like one of the western countries. After 1930 the relationship between Turkey and Soviet become weak due to the threat of Nazi and Fascist in the middle of thirtieth of twenty century، that was the reason the Turkish strength their relationship with west and turn their back to Russia.
KEAMANAN DATA PRIBADI DALAM SISTEM PEMBAYARAN E-WALLET TERHADAP ANCAMAN PENIPUAN DAN PENGELABUAN (CYBERCRIME)
Authors: Bodhi Surya , Tan David
Published: February 2022

E-wallet is a digital wallet that is used as a transaction tool in digital form, with the existence of an e-wallet the transaction process is faster and easier in this digitalization era because it only has to scan the QR code. However, behind the efficiency and benefits provided, of course there are risks arising from the use of this e-wallet such as the security of our personal data is threatened. The purpose of this study was to determine law enforcement against cybercrime on e-wallet and protection of personal data on e-wallet. The method used in this research is normative research. Based on the principle of legality of cyber crimes such as data theft has violated the ITE Law, therefore a person's personal data must be protected according to the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information and Bank Indonesia. According to Philipus M. Hadjon's theory of legal protection, to overcome legal problems such as data theft on e-wallet, preventive and repressive measures are needed.
The prospect of using an inhibitory barrier in potato breeding for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Mardanshin Il'dar , Shpirnaya Irina , Pusenkova Lyudmila I
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The purpose of the work is the determination of the most effective method of using the inhibitory barrier in potato breeding for resistance to damage by the Colorado potato beetle. Methods. In the work, the method of setting up a field experiment was used, as well as a laboratory method for assessing the inhibition of the activity of lipases and proteinases was carried out using substrates immobilized in an agarose gel. Results. On the basis of field experiments, it was found that the level of relative resistance of potato varieties and hybrids to damage by the Colorado potato beetle, a decrease in the survival rate of insect larvae and loss of tuber yield are associated with a high activity of lipase and proteinase inhibitors and an intensive development of a hypersensitivity reaction to phytophage egg clutches. In laboratory experiments, it was established that the activity of trypsin inhibitors increased during the laying of phytophage eggs on the leaves of potato varieties Bashkirskiy. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of the results of world practice and our own long-term attempts to use the inhibitory barrier in breeding potatoes for resistance to the pest, a new approach has been proposed to involve genes encoding the synthesis and accumulation of protease and lipase inhibitors in tissues when creating potato resistance to damage by the Colorado potato beetle. In this case, the methodological approach should be based on the registration of the modification of the inhibitory activity of hydrolases in hybrids with an intense microwave reaction of the leaf tissue to the clutches of the Colorado potato beetle, which will significantly reduce the volume of laboratory assessment of the material. Genotypes that do not respond to egg clutches with a microwave reaction with a high degree of probability will also not modify the activity of hydrolase inhibitors. Genotypes with local short-term accumulation of inhibitors of the lipoproteinase complex in the zone of hatching of the pest offspring create the greatest depressing biological effect for the survival of 1-2 instar larvae. The creation of such genotypes is likely to be a promising model for highly resistant varieties of the Colorado potato beetle.
Study and creation of the source material of soybeans in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kipshakbaeva Gul'den , Amantaev Bekzak , Tleulina Zarina , Zhanbyrshina N.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to study the collection of soybeans of various origins in order to identify new early-ripening and high-yielding varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Akmola region. Scientific novelty. Soybean varieties of various origins are characterized by the range of variability of economically valuable traits, as the basis for analysis and search for criteria for the selection of source material for practical breeding. Methods. The research uses a collection of soybeans of various origins. The studies were carried out in comparison with the best zoned varieties (standards) in rain-fed conditions. The laying of the collection nursery, phenological observations, assessments and records of the state of plants by phases of development were carried out according to the VIR methodology. Results. Soybean varieties Heihe 58, Heihe 59, Heihe 33, Heihe 35, Heihe 44, Heihe 49, Heihe 49, Beidou 26, Beidou 36, Beidou 43, Beidou 51, Huajiong 2 and Suiyang 1 are distinguished by comparative precocity and yield. The conditions of the growing season had a significant impact on the passage of the phases of growth and development of varieties. According to the shedding indicator, varieties Kendou 68, Longken 336, Heihe 44, Nur+ and promising number No. 75 were identified, which were characterized as less stable. During the research period, damage to the studied soybean varieties by pests was not noted. The main indicator of grain quality, protein content was within high limits. At the standard Bar grade level, the following grades were Heihe 58, Heihe 59, Heihe 33, Heihe 35, Heihe 44, Heihe 49, Heihe 49, Beidou 26, Beidou 36, Beidou 43, Beidou 51, Huajiong 2 and Suiyang 1. The varieties identified as a result of research can be used in practical breeding.
Studying the nature of inheritance of avenin components in F2 hybrids from crossing oat varieties of Siberian selection
Authors: Lyubimova Anna
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to study the nature of inheritance of avenin components and description of new blocks of components in oat varieties cultivated in the Tyumen region for further use in marker breeding. Methods. We analyzed the grains of F2 hybrids from crosses of oat varieties ♀Tyumenskiy golozernyy × ♂Megion, ♀Tyumenskiy golozernyy × ♂Otrada, ♀Otrada × ♂Tyumenskiy golozernyy, ♀Megion × ♂Otrada. Native electrophoresis was performed in 13.2 % PAGE for 4.0–4.5 h at a constant voltage of 500 V. Results. In the course of research, it was found that the analyzed components of avenin make up blocks. The frequency distribution of phenotypic classes for each locus in each of the studied hybrid combinations corresponds to the assumption that each of the blocks is inherited as a single codominant mendelian unit. The synthesis of blocks of avenin components is controlled by three independent avenin-coding loci. Analysis of the inheritance of individual components of avenin in F2 hybrids made it possible to describe three new blocks of components, the synthesis of which is controlled by the Avn A locus – A9, A10, and A11; one block controlled by the Avn B locus – B7 and one block controlled by the Avn C locus – C8. On the basis of the results obtained, complete protein formulas were drawn up for the studied varieties of sowing oats: Tyumenskiy golozernyy – Avn 2.7.3; Megion – Avn 2 + 9.7.5; Otrada – Avn 10 + 11.4.8. It was found that the use of a spectrum of only one type as a standard is insufficient and leads to errors in the identification of component blocks. For more accurate identification, several varieties should be used simultaneously to obtain a complex spectrum-standard that combines several blocks of components for each locus. Scientific novelty. Described 5 new blocks of avenin components. These blocks can be used to assess the intrapopulation genetic diversity of oat varieties, as well as to search for adaptively significant and economically valuable traits linked to them.
European experience in rural areas supporting: recommendations for implementation in Russian practice
Authors: Golovina Svetlana , Ruchkin Aleksey , Mikolaychik I.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the scientific community, politicians and practitioners with the main results of the research on identifying opportunities of using the experience of European Union member states in the organization and implementation of support for rural areas in the current domestic environmental conditions, taking into account their significant fluctuations. In the course of the work, various overview and analytical research methods were used. Also, the EU legislation, on the basis of which state policy in the field of rural development is currently being implemented, was carefully studied. To formulate recommendations, the most significant results of domestic and foreign scientific research published in recent years were summarized. As a result, as the main elements (directions, mechanisms, tools) of the European policy of support for rural development, worthy of attention for the development of a similar domestic policy, the article presents such of them as a general (comprehensive) approach to organizing support for rural areas and the agricultural sector of the economy, to defining its goals, priorities, implementation measures; experience in using local initiative groups to implement national and European plans to address issues of social, environmental, climatic development agenda in a situation of today's challenges and threats, as well as the practice of implementing measures of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on rural development, relying on farms and agricultural cooperatives; options for applying social and technological innovations for “revitalizing” underdeveloped rural areas;for integrated (rural and urban) development of rural areas adjacent to urban centers. The scientific and practical significance of the proposed recommendations lies in their meaningfulness and timeliness.
Rural mortgage: the first results, problems and ways to increase financial accessibility for rural residents
Authors: Miroshnichenko Tat'yana
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The purpose. Analysis of the results and problems of the implementation of the Rural Mortgage Program, as well as a scientific substantiation of the need for its improvement in order to increase the financial accessibility of mortgage loans for rural residents and improve housing conditions on the village. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on issues of preferential mortgage lending, financial inclusion and the development of rural territories. The study was carried out using general scientific methods for analyzing and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical and economic method. Results. An analysis of the implementation of preferential mortgage lending under the Rural Mortgage Program, which informed the high demand for this program among the population. A high concentration (more than 75%) issued preferential mortgage loans in three federal districts – Central, Volga and Siberian was revealed. It has been established that the level of approved applications of citizens on preferential loans is not high, the main reasons for the provision of a loan have become problems with purchased property, negative credit history or low creditworthiness of borrowers, due to the poverty of rural households. According to the data in 2020 in each third region of Russia, citizens who received a preferential rural mortgage more than rural residents, which confirms its low accessibility for the village. Scientific novelty. According to the results of scientific research on the basis of identified problems, the directions of the rural mortgage program were reasoned, taking into account the key factors of increasing the financial accessibility of mortgage loans for priority categories of rural population, young and large families, as well as the level of regional development of rural areas.
Development of the pivoting system of the turning conveyor
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University, Asmagambet D.K. , Zhetesova G.S. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Beisembaev K.M. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Malybaev N.S. ,   Karaganda Technical University
Published: February 2022

The application of simulation modeling methods for the design of transport systems and conveyors with the rotation of lattices in the plane of the transportation surface due to rotary and rotarytranslational hinges is carried out in the Adams dynamic programming package based on Lagrange–Euler theory and using finite element technologies. As a result, the work of the conveyors can now be carried out in 3D. Such capabilities are necessary when entering the conveyor into the chamber after the tunneling combine and for transportation along with curved workings. It is also possible to use armored turning conveyors for the extraction of DBO ores. The above expressions consider the rotation of the conveyor's lattices in any zone of its installation at a given angle up to 15о and allow determining its position in the chamber, taking into account the system of special hinges located on the sides of the lattices. The features of the movement of the combine as accelerated at short intervals of the route and the model of the turning process are substantiated.
İklim Değişikliği Etkilerinin Küresel Performans Göstergeleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: CALDA Burcu , KUTLUĞ Emre , AN Nazan , KURNAZ Levent
Published: February 2022

Birçok ülke küresel iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine farklı seviyelerde maruz kalmakta ve bu ülkelerin bazı sosyoekonomik ve çevresel faktörlere dayalı etkilenebilirlik seviyeleri değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Özellikle bireyler, toplumlar ve ülkelerin iklim değişikliğinin etki ve risklerine ne kadar açık olduğu, etkilenebilirlik seviyeleri ve onlar için yüksek ya da düşük uyarlanabilir kapasitenin ne anlama geldiği ve yapılması gerekenlere dair bilgi ve farkındalık, temel yaşamsal faaliyetlerin devamlılığı için oldukça önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu derleme çalışmasında Asya, Avrupa, Afrika, Avustralasya, Kuzey, Orta ve Güney Amerika’nın yanı sıra küçük adalar ve kutup bölgeleri ile tüm bu bölgelerde yer alan ülkelerin iklim değişikliği risklerine karşı bu göstergeler dâhilinde mevcut durumları ve gelecek öngörüleri fiziki, coğrafi, sosyoekonomik ve demografik faktörler temelinde incelenmiş ve inceleme kapsamında çeşitli güncel indislere yer verilmiştir. Bu indisler hem küresel olarak hem de Türkiye açısından iklim değişikliği kaynaklı etkilenebilirlik ve risk değerlendirmesi, bu etki ve risklere maruziyet, dirençlilik ve uyarlanabilir kapasite düzeyleri açısından çeşitli yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Çalışmadaki genel bulgular iklim değişikliği risklerinden en çok etkilenen ülkeler olarak iklim risklerine yüksek maruziyeti ve düşük kapasitesi nedeniyle Afrika ülkelerini işaret etmektedir. Diğer taraftan yüksek uyarlanabilir kapasitelerine bağlı olarak gelişmiş Avrupa ülkeleri, Amerika ve Kanada iklim risklerinden en az etkilenen yerler olarak görülmektedir. Bulgular ayrıca Türkiye’nin iklim risklerine maruziyetinin uyarlanabilir kapasitesinden daha fazla olması nedeniyle bu risklerden orta derecede etkileneceğine dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak, iklim değişikliğine bağlı gelecekte oluşabilecek güvenli su ve gıdaya erişim problemi ve etkilenebilirliği daha yüksek komşu ülkelerden Türkiye’ye kitlesel insan hareketi akışının artan nüfus baskısıyla bu etkilenebilirliği daha üst seviyeye taşıması beklenebilir.
Anxiety Symptoms Associated With the Severity of Problematic Smartphone Use: The Mediating Role of COVID-19 Anxiety
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China., Wah Ma Tsz
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is regarded as the biggest global health crisis in recent decades. The changes in major life domains due to infection control strategies resemble the functional impairment consequential to emotional distress and place many people at greater risk of psychiatric conditions. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing have widely increased the usage of smartphone to receive COVID-19-related information in the past year. However, the excessive use of smartphones has deleterious consequences. The current study investigated general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSPU) severity. Methods: Adults aged 18–75 years were recruited by stratified, probability sampling from a database representative of the population. Among 1080 Hong Kong Chinese (age 18–75 years), a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 23 and August 25, 2020 (the period of the third wave outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong). Participants were assessed with the measures, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the associations among general anxiety symptoms, COVID-19-induced anxiety, and severity of PSPU by the Amos 22.0 software. Results: Using established cut-off scores, our results found that prevalence of at least moderate anxiety level in around 22% of participants. Using SEM, both general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety were associated with PSPU severity. Moreover, COVID-19 anxiety partially mediated relations between predisposing general anxiety with PSPU severity. Conclusion: This study provides initial data on the mental health status of people affected by COVID-19. It also investigated the relations between COVID-19-induced anxiety and PSPU severity as a coping mechanism.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With an Integrated Package of Gestalt Therapy and Cognitive-behavioral Therapy on the Self-efficacy of Women With Breast Cancer
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran., Makri Vala Mehrnoosh , Farahbakhsh Kiomars ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran., Salimi Bajestani Hossein ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran., Younesi Boroujeni Jalil ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast cancer, as the most common prevalent cancer in Iran, is associated with severe psychological consequences. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with an integrated package of Gestalt Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (GT-CBT) on the self-efficacy of women with breast cancer. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group. Sixty patients with breast cancer referred to the Cancer Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, were recruited through a convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the control (n=20), CBT (n=20), and GT-CBT (n=20) groups. The study data were collected by the Sherer self-efficacy scale and analyzed using descriptive (Mean±SD) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) in SPSS software, v. 20. Results: The results indicated that both CBT and GT-CBT have significantly increased the subjects’ self-efficacy (Eta=0.73, F51, 2=70.60, P<0.001). Post hoc test indicated that GT-CBT is more effective than CBT (P<0.05). Conclusion: The effectiveness of GT-CBT on the subjects’ self-efficacy was higher than CBT. Therefore, it is suggested to use integrated methods such as GT-CBT to enhance the self-efficacy of patients with breast cancer.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy With Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Avoidance in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Eftekari Asie , Bakhtiari Maryam ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) using exposure techniques on cognitive avoidance in female patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Methods: A total of 10 women with generalized anxiety disorder were selected through purposeful sampling with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-5). To determine the absence of personality disorder, Millon’s clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI-III) (Millon and Groosman, 2005) was used. Schema therapy was conducted for 20 weekly sessions and ACT with exposure techniques for 12 weeks and follow-up for 6 weeks. The cognitive avoidance questionnaire (CAQ) (Sexton and Douglas, 2004) was used as a pretest and posttest to follow up on the results. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results showed that schema therapy is more effective than ACT in the subscales of thought suppression (F=12.80, P=0.037) and avoidance of threatening (F=25.61, P=0.015), but they have no significant statistical difference in other subscales and total score. Both treatments significantly reduced the total score of cognitive avoidance, but they lacked a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Schema therapy and ACT with exposure techniques are effective in reducing the severity of symptoms and improving cognitive avoidance in females with generalized anxiety disorder.
The Lived Experience of Pregnant Women With Coronavirus During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghiasi Hamed , Alipour Zahra ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Askarirostami Fatemeh ,   Social Work, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran., Bakhtiari Maryam ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ahmadi Sharareh ,   AJA University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Pregnancy is one of the most fundamental and challenging periods in a woman’s life. It is associated with significant physical and psychological changes in pregnant women. These changes, combined with COVID-19 disease, can make life much more challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the lived experience of pregnant women with COVID-19 disease. Methods: This research is a phenomenological qualitative study. We used the content analysis method to identify the mental experiences of pregnant women with COVID-19. In the present study, in-depth interviews were conducted with pregnant women affected with COVID-19. The semantic units were identified after careful analysis and coded under the headings of concepts, subcategories, main categories, and core categories. Results: In the current study, the generalized fear of harm to the fetus was the most important issue these women had experienced. Another stressor was the fear of childbirth in a contaminated hospital setting. COVID-19 quarantine, reduced ability to care for themselves and family members and loneliness caused them to lose motivation. Restlessness, guilt, rejection, suffering, and efforts to get rid of discomfort were also the main characteristics of this period. Conclusion: Getting coronavirus is an unexpected event for pregnant women that puts a lot of stress and pressure on them and can make them psychologically suffer.
The Psychometric Evaluation of Somatic Symptom Scale-8 in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghapanch Ala , Abasi Imaneh ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bitarafan Maryam ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Zarabi Hamid ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Derakhshan Fatemeh Sara ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Derakhshan Mohammad Kamran ,   Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taleqani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghanadanzadeh Sepideh ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shamsi Alireza ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is characterized by somatic symptoms that are very distressing or cause considerable functional disability. SSD is associated with various medical and psychiatric conditions and imposes high costs on the health care system. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of SSD are crucial. The somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8) is a valuable and brief self-report questionnaire to assess somatic symptom burden. The current study determined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of SSS-8 in depressed samples. Methods: The study data were collected from a clinical setting with individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD, n=122). The convergent validity of SSS-8 was examined by assessing its correlation with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), the Whiteley index (WI-14), and somatic symptom disorder-B criteria scale (SSD-12) questionnaires. Results: The Cronbach α results confirmed the reliability of SSS-8. Reliability assessment with test-retest showed excellent reliability for scale. The confirmatory factor analysis also approved the SSS-8 single-factor structure. The results of construct validity analysis of the questionnaire showed that SSS-8 has a positive and significant relationship with depression, anxiety, WI, and SSS-12. Conclusion: The Persian version of the SSS-8 is an 8-item self-report questionnaire that health professionals and researchers can use to assess and screen somatic symptoms in individuals diagnosed with MDD.
Mangrove Utilization as Sources of Ruminant Feed in Belawan Secanang Subdistrict, Medan Belawan District
Authors: Fajar Larasani Fahriza Zuhri , Delvian  , Ma’ruf Tafsin
Published: February 2022

Mangroves hold several benefits, one of which is barriers from marine abrasion, food sources, aquatic habitats, carbon sinks and storages, places for education and training, ecotourism sites, and sources of ruminant feed. This study aimed to determine the potential of mangroves as sources of ruminant feed and its carrying capacity for sustainable mangrove utilization. The research was conducted in Belawan Sicanang Subdistrict by using purposive sampling for vegetation analysis and questionnaire method. Avicennia marina, Bruguiera sexangula, B. gymnorrhiza, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, and Thespesia populnea were among the mangrove species used by the farmer. The total capacity of mangrove species as ruminant feed in the animal unit (AU) was obtained as dry matter (835.48 AU), crude protein (481.24 AU), and total digestible nutrient (873.77 AU). The carrying capacity of mangroves as represented in the form of dry matter (13.74), crude protein (7.91), and total digestible nutrient (14.36), were categorized as safe. In addition, the potential additional populations based on the safe level of carrying capacity (2.5) was 273 AU, based on crude protein for 131 AU, and based on total digestible nutrients for 288 AU.
Broken Heart Syndrome: Berawal dari Stres Menuju Gagal Jantung
Authors: Sukma Alshafiera Azayyana Mawadhani , Balatif Ridwan
Published: February 2022

Background: When stress conditions can be the root of various diseases, one of which is Broken Heart Syndrome (BHS). It is estimated that 90% of cases of BHS occur in women who have entered postmenopause. The mortality from BHS cases is quite high, reaching 2-5% with the main cause of death due to cardiogenic shock and ventricular fibrillation.
Objective: To provide the latest information about BHS from various literatures.
Methods: Writing this article using a literature searching method. Search for articles using the help of search engines in the form of Google Scholar, Pubmed and Clinicalkey with articles that have been published in the last 10 years and in English.
Discussion: Prolonged physical stress conditions can trigger BHS. Risk factors associated with BHS conditions include age over 55 years, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, a history of anxiety and hyperlipidemia. Complications can occur in 52% of cases of BHS. Mortality in BHS cases tended to be higher in BHS cases that was triggered by physical factors than that triggered by emotional factors.
Conclusion: BHS is a condition that occurs after emotional stress or physical stress, so controlling the stress triggers is expected to prevent the occurrence of BHS.
Keywords: broken heart syndrome, stress, heart failure
 
Latar belakang: Kondisi stres saat dapat menjadi akar dari berbagai macam penyakit salah satunya Broken Heart Syndrome (BHS). Diperkirakan 90% kasus BHS terjadi pada perempuan yang sudah memasuki postmenopause. Mortalitas dari kasus BHS cukup tinggi yakni mencapai 2-5% dengan penyebab kematian utama dikarenakan shok kardiogenik dan ventrikular fibrilasi.
Tujuan: Memberikan informasi terkini seputar BHS dari berbagai literatur.
Metode: Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode literature searching. Pencarian artikel menggunakan bantuan mesin pencari berupa Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan Clinicalkey dengan artikel yang telah dipublikasikan dalam 10 tahun terakhir dan berbahasa Inggris.
Pembahasan: Kondisi stres fisik yang berkepanjangan dapat mencetuskan BHS. Faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kondisi BHS berupa usia diatas 55 tahun, merokok, konsumsi alkohol berlebih, riwayat ansietas dan hiperlipidemia. Komplikasi dapat terjadi pada 52% kasus BHS. Mortalitas pada kasus BHS cenderung lebih tinggi pada kasus BHS yang dipicu oleh faktor fisik dibandingkan yang dipicu oleh faktor emosi.
Kesimpulan: BHS ini adalah kondisi yang timbul pasca stres emosional atau fisik sehingga dengan mengendalikan faktor pencetus stres ini diharapkan dapat mencegah terjadinya BHS.
Kata Kunci: broken heart syndrome, stres, gagal jantung
Recuperación económica y sector exterior español, algunas consideraciones
Authors: Merino García Pedro Antonio , Albacete Sánchez-Mateos Rebeca , Martínez Pérez José María , Rubio Jareño Juan Jesús
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se pasa revista a los cambios de los últimos 20 años del comercio internacional para, a continuación, analizar el comportamiento del sector exterior español antes, durante y después de la gran crisis financiera mundial (GFC, por sus siglas en inglés) que se inició en 2008. Posteriormente, se analiza si durante el periodo poscrisis, a partir de 2014, se ha producido un cambio en las elasticidades del sector exterior (tanto español como europeo) y si los cambios regulatorios y los comportamientos de los agentes económicos se han traducido en un comportamiento diferencial español frente a nuestros socios europeos, que nos ayude a realizar hipótesis de lo que pueda ocurrir con el sector exterior en la recuperación pospandemia COVID-19.
La respuesta multilateral a la COVID-19: veloce - ostinato
Authors: Moreno Pablo
Published: February 2022

Las Instituciones Financieras Internacionales han respondido de una manera rápida y sostenida en apoyo a los países de renta baja y media para hacer frente a la crisis sanitaria, social y económica generada por la COVID-19 e impulsando una recuperación social y medioambientalmente sostenible. El reto a futuro pasa por reforzar este apoyo en un contexto en el que, en la mayoría de los países, la pandemia ha llevado a un retroceso en los objetivos de desarrollo y a un menor espacio de política económica por el aumento de las vulnerabilidades financieras y de los niveles de deuda pública.
The global recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Caldera Sanchez Aida , Pain Niger
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant economic impact around the world, far larger than during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009. By mid-2021, global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) surpassed its pre-pandemic level, but the recovery has lost momentum and remains very uneven, with strikingly different outcomes across countries, sectors and demographic groups. Given the uneven and incomplete global recovery, governments need to maintain supportive and flexible policies that can be adapted to economic developments and which improve the prospects for sustainable and inclusive growth.
Highly Branched Polycarbosilanes as Precursors For SiC Ceramics
Authors:   Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 70, Moscow, 117393 Russia, Gorbatsevitch O. B. , Papkov V. S. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: February 2022

The Grignard reaction of (chloroalkyl)chlorosilanes affords a series of highly branched polycarbosilanes featuring two types of terminal groups. The thermophysical properties of the resulting compounds are studied. The effect of the structure of the highly branched polymer and the nature of its terminal groups on the formation of a carbon residue (pyrolysate) is evaluated. The potential of application of poly(chloromethyl)-trichlorosilane with terminal SiH groups as a precursor for SiC ceramics is demonstrated.
Experiencia pedagógica en la formación del programa Contaduría Pública, asignatura: “Tributaria II”
Authors: González Carreño Liz Farith
Published: February 2022

El presente texto tiene como finalidad, exponer la experiencia pedagógica lograda a partir de la enseñanza en el programa de contaduría Pública en la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina; para efecto tal, se propone un objetivo final que busca mejorar el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de dicho programa, en el área de tributaria II; para lograrlo, se tuvo en cuenta los principales elementos considerados como base fundamental de la propuesta pedagógica, a saber, los nodos institucionales, el Proyecto Pedagógico Institucional, el currículo, el modelo pedagógico dialogante de Julián de Zubiría, y finalmente la disponibilidad de recursos, acorde a la necesidad contextual de los estudiantes.

El texto se compone de una introducción, posteriormente se aborda la estrategia pedagógica en cada una de sus fases, para dar paso a los soportes teóricos basados en la sinergia de los elementos mencionados con anterioridad a la luz del modelo pedagógico de Zubiría; finalmente, se proponen las conclusiones propias del ejercicio y los logros adquiridos a partir de su ejecución.
Herramientas administrativas en procesos de emprendimiento para los estudiantes de Administración Deportiva, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina de Bogotá.
Authors: Trujillo Rodriguez Monica Andrea
Published: February 2022

Desde inicio de semestre se dan pautas a los estudiantes donde se les propone un proyecto de idea de negocio para emprender desde una organización deportiva o empresa enfocada en el deporte , esta idea  va paralela a las temáticas del micro currículo de tal forma que a medida que se van abordando las temáticas se va desarrollando el proyecto, las temáticas apoyan el proceso cognitivo de los estudiantes, apoyadas por  lecturas de libros, artículos y herramientas didácticas de tal forma que permita el  entendimiento del medio administrativo del deporte y diferentes posibilidades  que hay en el mundo deportivo, posibilitando a los estudiantes  crear una gran idea con una misión  y proyección.  En el proceso administrativo de planificación, dirección, organización y control se dan todas las herramientas administrativas para que el estudiante comprenda los conceptos y los aplique en la idea de negocio para emprender a corto, mediano o largo plazo. De tal forma que los estudiantes se acerquen a una práctica empresarial desde la estructuración propia de una empresa, en el proceso los estudiantes deben crear su imagen corporativa, hacer su nombre logo y slogan y desarrollar procesos formales de estudio de competencia a través del benchmarking, harán un análisis dofa como proceso diagnóstico de lo encontraran en el sector y así establecer estrategias administrativas para que el proyecto a desarrollar sea adecuado a la comunidad y sector donde lo realizara.
Hatay’daki Geçici Koruma Altındaki Suriyelilerin Girişimcilik Deneyimleri
Authors: Tekbaş Mustafa , Karan Olgu
Published: February 2022

Coğrafi konumu sebebiyle göç, tarihin her döneminde Türkiye için olağan ve alışılmış bir olgu olmuştur. 2010 yılında patlak veren Arap Baharının etkileri, 2011 yılında Suriye’ye sıçramış ve iç savaşla sonuçlanmıştır. Daha sonra uluslararası aktörlerin de devreye girmesiyle küresel bir mesele olmuş ve modern tarihin en çok sığınmacı yaratan toplumsal olaylarından birine dönüşmüştür. Bu olayların neticesinde iç savaştan kaçan Suriyelilerin büyük kısmı sınır komşusu olan Türkiye’ye sığınmış veya Avrupa’ya geçiş için transit ülke olarak kullanmıştır.
Çalışmada Geçici Koruma kapsamında bulunan Suriyelilerden esnaflığı seçmiş olan Suriyelilerin deneyimlerine istinaden elde edilen veriler değerlendirilerek Suriyelilerin uyum süreçlerine esnaflaşmanın etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma konusunun seçiminde esnaflaşmış Suriyeliler ve uyum süreçlerine ilişkin çalışmaların diğer konulara nazaran daha az yapılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda Hatay’ın 3 ilçesinde (Kırıkhan, Reyhanlı ve Antakya) 30’u esnaf olmak üzere 32 Suriyeli ile tercüman vasıtası ile derinlemesine mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında önerilen alt problemler değerlendirilmiştir.
Çalışma ayrıca ‘Kentsel Mültecilerin Adaptasyon ve Uyum Süreçlerine Yeni Bir Bakış Açısı: Kapsayıcı Kent İnşası Amaçlı Sosyal İnovasyon Deneyi’ isimli TÜBİTAK Projesinden destek almıştır. Çalışma bu proje kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiş olup, projenin kapsamında elde edilen diğer verilerden de faydalanılmıştır.
Çalışma neticesinde esnaflık olgusu kapsamında Suriyelilerin ev sahibi ülke ile hem kişisel hem de kurumsal ilişkilerin daha kolay geliştiği, bölgesel olarak Hatay ilinin kültürel ve tarihi geçmişi nedeniyle bu süreçleri desteklediği, ayrıca girişimcilik kararının alınmasında sembolik sermayenin ve sosyal ağların önemi ortaya çıkmıştır.
The Hideout, the Underground, and Avoidance of Non-Being: Tischner, Dostoevsky and Tillich on Personality Disorders
Authors: Banicki Konrad
Published: February 2022

An attempt is made to develop a basic framework for an existential-phenomenological perspective on personality disorders. Its starting point is taken from the psychiatrist Antoni Kępiński and the philosopher Józef Tischner. The former provides a clinical framework capacious enough to allow ethical, existential, and phenomenological explorations. This conceptual “space” is then explicitly recognized, addressed, and fulfilled by the latter’s investigation of personality dynamics proper to “the hideout.” In order to supplement this thread of thought with a specific illustration, a “case” provided by Fyodor Dostoevsky in his Notes from the Underground is investigated. Then, in turn, Paul Tillich’s The Courage to Be is referred to, so that the deepest roots of personality disorders can be identified with an ontological dynamic proper to the avoidance of non-being. Finally, some brief remarks are made concerning how all the above relates to the idea of a normatively neutral science and how it can be integrated with more up to date clinical practice.
Life Skills for Primary and Secondary School Children: Development of a Multilingual, Inclusive Education Program
Authors: Weidinger Wiltrud
Published: February 2022

The presented paper combines applied research and development in the field of cultural diversity and inclusive education. It addresses the improvement of primary and secondary school children's transversal skills through a specific personal development teaching and learning program and presents an ongoing study as an accompanying action-based research element. In a first step, the theoretical international frameworks for life skills and inclusive education programs are discussed and combined with the claim for lifelong learning and the need for making pre-existing competencies visible. The presented personal development program tackles individual learning processes and transversal skills and shifts the teaching and learning culture towards child-oriented and cooperative learning. This shift can bear challenges for teacher trainers, teachers, students, and the entire educational system as belief systems, traditions, standard teaching practices, and the individual child's view are under change. In a second step, the development of the inclusive personal development program is discussed, focusing on the participatory process and stakeholders of the three partner countries Kosovo, North-Macedonia, and the Republic of Moldova. Alignment to curricula, integration into curricula, development of teaching and learning material, and training programs are presented as relevant issues and stepstones. The personal development teaching and learning material for grades one to nine is explained as an open-source material in different languages. In a third step, the ongoing action-based research study is presented and discussed, highlighting the first results and consequences for the development of teaching and learning materials and training programs.