bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adoption of Online Learning during the Pandemic: Issues, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Micabalo Kingie , Poliquit Winnie Marie , Ibanez Estela , Pabillaran Robert , Malait Carla , Cano Jesszon
Published: June 2022

The Covid19 Pandemic has shifted the entire momentum of the traditional education processes into an environment where students experience difficulties in the E-Learning program. This study determines the challenges encountered in the duration of the E-learning and its' effect on students' perceived learning and satisfaction during the Pandemic. The investigation study formulated an aggregate of 313 respondents on a snowball inspecting strategy. Frequency and simple percentage, weighted mean, Chi-Square Test of Independence, and One-way ANOVA were used to treat and interpret the data. The findings revealed that the students encountered difficulties through course quality, peer interactions, learning diversification, user-friendliness, and course design. Additionally, it was revealed that how they perceived these difficulties affects their perceived learning and satisfaction in the E-learning process. It was found out also that a higher level of challenges would associate with dissatisfaction and lower student perception in education. The study concluded that E-learning is a platform that should be present in the teaching and learning modalities in all institutions regardless of the situation. Additionally, the course quality, peer interactions, learning diversification, user-friendliness of the process, and its course contribute to increasing the student's perceived satisfaction in E-learning. Generally, the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic provides a manifestation that to improve student perceived learning and satisfaction; there is a need to intensify the execution in the administration, teachers, and the learning management systems used in a Higher Education Institution.
Accounting Skills in Practice and Their Impact on Employability: A Curriculum Review in an Autonomous Philippine University
Authors: Micabalo Kingie , Poliquit Winnie Marie , Ibanez Estela , Cartalla Kyla Flor , Calimpong Romielyn
Published: June 2022

As competition for graduate jobs increases, students need to consider new ways to differentiate from equally qualified and skilled candidates. The investigation determined the significance of a curriculum in the working environment and graduates' employability. The examination contrived a sum of 169 respondents on a snowball testing strategy. Frequency and simple percentage, weighted mean, Chi-Square Test of Independence, and One way ANOVA was utilized to treat the data. The findings revealed that communication skills, basic accounting skills, & financial reporting skills are among the essential skills to acquire to serve a spot on the labor market. The investigation further revealed a significant association on civil status, length of time to get a job after graduation, Nature of work on the first and current job, work status, graduate studies, and the degree of enhancement the graduates suggested to meet the demands of the profession. It also revealed a statistically significant distinction following the respondents' profile when grouped by its influence on the proposed program enhancement suggested by the graduates. The study concluded that maximizing graduates' employability, the viability of curriculum enhancement and teaching methodologies, and necessary facilities must be concentrated to depict the utmost realization of objectives and goals of the program. It further concludes that a strong partnership with an internship program can increase alignment between educators, students, and industries.
Minimalistic Immunomarker Approach for the Diagnosis of Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with Emphasis on Tumours with Ambiguous Morphology
Authors: Zainudeen Fadiya , Jayalakshmy PS , Sideeque Asiq
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Diagnosing Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) by morphology on small biopsy specimens are on demand. With major advances in molecular testing of lung cancers and introduction of targeted therapies, accurate subtyping of NSCLC has become essential. Immunophenotyping with various immunomarkers is helpful in identification of different tumour subtypes. As sparing material for molecular testing is mandatory, a minimalistic Immunohistochemistry (IHC) based diagnostic approach is warranted by means of reliable and accessible immunomarkers. In this study, one immunomarker Thyroid Transcription Factor (TTF1) for glandular and protein40 (p40) for squamous differentiation was applied to maximise the proportion of accurately subtyped NSCLC on small biopsy specimens. Aim: To find utility of TTF1/p40 minimalistic immunopanel in subtyping NSCLC especially those with ambiguous morphology. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted from 15 December 2020 to 5 March 2021 in a tertiary care hospital in which 93 (mean age 64.8 years, Male:female ratio 4.8:1) consecutive lung biopsies from suspected lung carcinoma obtained from January 2019 to December 2020 were studied. The morphological diagnosis and diagnosis after application of TTF1 and p40 minimalistic immunopanel was evaluated using chi-square test. The p-value <0.01 was considered significant. Results: Based on morphology, only 21 (22.5%) cases out of 93 cases of NSCLC were characterised into Adenocarcinoma (ADC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), whereas 72 (77.4%) were grouped as NSCLC ambiguous type. With addition of IHC (p40 and TTF1), the latter category reduced to 10 (10.7%) which constituted final NSCLC Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) category and a sum of 79 (84.9%) cases were accurately subtyped into SCC and ADC. Significance of adding TTF1/p40 immunopanel in the diagnosis of non small cell carcinoma was found to be very significant(p-value<0.001) p40 showed 100% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity for SCC where as TTF1 showed sensitivity of 92.59% and 100% specificity for ADC. Conclusion: Study showed that a minimalistic approach using only two antibodies (p40 and TTF1) might help in subtyping NSCLC especially those with ambiguous morphology and reduction of category of NSCLC NOS significantly and contribute in sparing material for molecular testing.
Citizens' Knowledge and Attitudes about Conventional and E-cigarettes: The Role of Health Care Professionals
Authors: Bakalis Nick , Zisis Chris , Tzenalis Anastasios , Albani Eleni , Kyrzopoulou Kleopatra , Papandrea Matteo , Filiotis Nikolaos
Published: June 2022

Introduction: It is true that the comparison of conventional and electronic cigarettes is a topic that has been discussed a lot and concerns both citizens and health professionals worldwide. The rates of smokers in Greece are high in combination with the fact that smokers are more likely to get seriously ill from covid-19, it was the reason to investigate this topic.

Aims: To investigate the citizens knowledge and attitude about the electronic and conventional cigarette.

Study Design: It was a comparative descriptive research.

Place and Duration of Study: The questionnaires were given to citizens who lived in the prefecture of Achaia (one of the largest prefectures in Greece). The present survey was conducted between March and May 2020.

Methodology: A questionnaire was developed with 28 questions. The Chronbach alpha reliability was .75. The sample consisted of 681 citizens. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25 program.

Results: The majority of citizens had very good knowledge (57.6%) while 20.3% had good knowledge. Most citizens were non-smoker (64.3%), they did not use electronic cigarette (91%) but they did try in the past (52.3%). Regarding electronic cigarette, they believe that it was not replaced the conventional, was not helpful for quit smoking and it was harmful as much as the conventional one. Finally, the cheaper price of e-cigarette contributes to its choice. Age, permanent residence and educational level significantly correlated with knowledge score (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The majority of citizens were non-smokers while the conventional cigarette is still the first preference of the citizens. Although citizens' knowledge of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes was very good, it is necessary for health professionals to enrich their knowledge and inform citizens efficiently about smoking.
Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Minerals and Micronutrient Contents of Finger Millet Herbi Dumpling
Authors: Bharali Deffodile , Mishra Sunita , Mishra Smriti , Sinha Shivani
Published: June 2022

Finger millet is an important crop in Maharashtra, Orissa, and Tamil Nadu. Millet production and consumption have been on the decline for some years. Finger millet samples were gathered from regional locations in Nashik and Kolhapur, Maharashtra. These were also taken as samples for chemical composition and proximate analysis. Standard analytical procedures were used to determine the results. The result of the chemical composition, Nashik (sample one) was found to be Ca mg (6.19), Mg (0.52), Fe (1.09), Zn (1.74± 0.96), Cu (0.10), P (8.90) These findings suggest that finger millet is a good source of calcium and phosphorus. These can be utilised as calcium supplement foods, and their composite flours can be used to preserve a variety of nutrient-dense recipes that can be employed as part of a supplement feeding regimen.
Deviation in Occurrence of Climatic Drought Over Western Zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rajavel M. , Pradipa C. , Bhuvaneeshwari K. , Guhan V. , Vakeswaran V. , Gowtham R. , Prinyanka S.
Published: June 2022

Drought is the major precipitation anomaly that has greater impact on water resource management, ground water table and agricultural production. The WASP index (Weighted Anomaly of Standardized Precipitation Index) was estimated for a period 1901-2019 (119 years) – four time scales (12 months, 9 months, 6 months and 3 months) based on the IMD precipitation dataset to analyse the dry events. Analysis over different time scales is necessary to find out the impact of the slowly evolving drought on the agricultural production as well as water resources. The numbers of moderate dry events were 276, 256, 188 and 100 for WASP12, WASP9, WASP6, and WASP3 respectively for the whole of 119 years data. The number of extreme dry events with WASP12, WASP9, WASP6, and WASP3 were 0, 4, 29 and 59, respectively, for 119 years. There was no specific trend in number of dry events over the study region and 1991-2019 was found to have higher number of dry events when compared with the other tri-decadal periods.
Antimicrobial Activity and In silico ADME Prediction of Synthesised 8-hydroxyquinoline Azo Compounds against Some ESKAPE Human Pathogens and Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Amengor Cedric D. K. , Gyan Patrick , Danquah Cynthia Amaning , Peprah Paul , Harley Benjamin K. , Orman Emmanuel , Ben Inemisit O. , Tetteh Michael , Adusei Emmanuel B. A. , Kekessie Francis K. , Okine Nathaniel N. A.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance has increasingly been a global health concern over the past decades and that has necessitated the quest to increase the pool of antibiotics.

Methods: Five (5) azo compounds were synthesised by diazotization and coupling procedures with yields of 60 – 92%. They were characterized by melting point determination, Ultra-Violet Visible, and Infra-red spectroscopy. High-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) antimicrobial assay was used to evaluate the compounds. Computational studies was also employed to predict some pharmacokinetic properties of the azo compounds

Results: From the in silico studies, none of the compounds violated Lipinski’s rule and therefore, have the potential to be developed into an oral drug. They also showed Total Polar Surface Area (TPSA) values < 140 A2 (74.91 – 100.98 A2) and percentage absorption of 74 – 83 %. They were placed in category III of acute oral drugs. From the high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition antimicrobial assay, all the compounds possessed inhibitory activity against the ESKAPE human pathogens and Mycobacterium smegmatis, with MICs range of 3.9 \(\geq\) 500 \(\mu g/mL\). Except for 4e which showed liver toxicity, all the compounds demonstrated mutagenic and hepatotoxic tendencies. The modulatory assay of the azo compounds revealed that 4c and 4e modulated the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. 4c and 4e also modulated the antimicrobial activity of rifampicin against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Exploiting the ability of 4c and 4e to act by a mode of action revealed that they have biofilm formation inhibitory potential.

Conclusion: Compounds 4c and 4e exhibited the best antimicrobial activity in terms of resistant modulation and biofilm inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Contribuições do Lean Healthcare para o Combate à Covid-19
Authors: Menezes Michelle de Oliveira , Vieira Lara Camila Nery , Pimentel Cristiane Agra , Juventino Grace Kelly Sampaio , Da Silva Mariane Francis Souza Bezerra , Rocha Érika Silva Martins
Published: June 2022

A pandemia da doença Covid-19, causada pelo Coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, está em evolução e alguns países do mundo passam por sobrecarga no sistema de saúde como superlotação nos hospitais. O Lean Healthcare é uma filosofia que possui ferramentas capazes de contribuir para a redução ou minimização dos seus impactos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar possíveis contribuições das ferramentas do Lean Healthcare no combate a consequências causadas pela pandemia da Covid-19 em hospitais. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica e exploratória. Como resultados, foram obtidas propostas de melhoria utilizando as ferramentas para implementação rápida e de baixo custo, como diagrama de espaguete, gestão visual, 5s, trabalho padronizado e Plano de Capacidade Plena (PCP), para otimizar fluxos de pacientes e materiais com sinalizações, reorganização de filas, giro de leitos, entre outras.
Association of Ultraviolet B Radiation and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women in the Nurses’ Health Studies
Authors: Barbhaiya Medha , Hart Jaime E. , Malspeis Susan , Tedeschi Sara K. , VoPham Trang , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Laden Francine , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is associated with photosensitivity, rashes, and flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is not known whether UV exposure increases risk of developing SLE. We examined UV exposure and SLE risk in a large prospective cohort.

Methods

The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) enrolled 121,700 US female nurses in 1976; in 1989, 116,429 nurses were enrolled in NHS II. Biennial questionnaires collected lifestyle and medical data. Self‐reported incident SLE by American College of Rheumatology classification criteria was confirmed by medical record review. Ambient UV exposure was estimated by linking geocoded residential addresses with a spatiotemporal UV exposure model. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) across tertiles of time‐varying cumulative average UV. We examined SLE risk overall and stratified by anti‐Ro/La antibodies and by cutaneous manifestations from 1976 through 2014 (NHS)/2015 (NHS II), adjusting for confounders.

Results

With 6,054,665 person‐years of exposure, we identified 297 incident SLE cases; the mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 49.8 ± 10.6 years. At diagnosis, 16.8% of women had +anti‐Ro/La, and 80% had either +anti‐Ro/La or ≥1 cutaneous manifestation. Compared with the lowest UV exposure tertile, risk of overall SLE was increased, but not significantly (HR 1.28 [95%CI 0.96–1.70]). Women in the highest tertile had increased risk of malar rash (HR 1.62 [95% CI 1.04–2.52]).

Conclusion

Cumulative UV exposure was not associated with SLE risk. Higher UV exposure, however, was associated with increased risk of malar rash at presentation. UV exposure may trigger SLE onset with malar rash among susceptible women.
Deep‐Learning‐Enabled Crack Detection and Analysis in Commercial Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Fu Tianyu , Monaco Federico , Li Jizhou , Zhang Kai , Yuan Qingxi , Cloetens Peter , Pianetta Piero , Liu Yijin
Published: June 2022

In Li‐ion batteries, the mechanical degradation initiated by micro cracks is one of the bottlenecks for enhancing the performance. Quantifying the crack formation and evolution in complex composite electrodes can provide important insights into electrochemical behaviors under prolonged and/or aggressive cycling. However, observation and interpretation of the complicated crack patterns in battery electrodes through imaging experiments are often time‐consuming, labor intensive, and subjective. Herein, a deep learning‐based approach is developed to extract the crack patterns from nanoscale hard X‐ray holo‐tomography data of a commercial 18650‐type battery cathode. Efficient and effective quantification of the damage heterogeneity with automation and statistical significance is demonstrated. The crack characteristics are further associated with the active particles’ packing densities and a potentially viable architectural design is discussed for suppressing the structural degradation in an industry‐relevant battery configuration.
Thermal Shock Fabrication of Ion‐Stabilized Perovskite and Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Yifei , Wang Anran , Li Rong , Song Yilong , Wang Xinjiang , Li Hanming , Xu Weiqing , Zhang Lijun , Dong Qingfeng
Published: June 2022

A highly crystalline tempered‐glass‐like perovskite grain structure with compressed surface lattice realized by a thermal‐shocking fabrication is shown. The strained perovskite grain structure is stabilized by Cl−‐reinforcing surface lattice and shows enhanced bonding energy and ionic activation temperature, which contributes to hysteresis‐free operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at much higher temperature up to 363 K in thermal‐shocking‐processed MAPbClxI3−x (T‐MPI). The PSCs can be fabricated by a high‐speed fully air process without post‐annealing based on the scalable bar‐coating technique. Both high efficiency and stability are achieved in T‐MPI PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 22.99% and long‐term operational stability with T80 lifetime exceeding 4000 h.
Ultra‐Broadband Terahertz Polarization Conversion Enabled by All‐Dielectric Grating Structures
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhang Xi , Fu Yi , Kang Kai , Ding Xin , Yao Jianquan , Wang Zhiyong , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: June 2022

Polarization control of electromagnetic waves has attracted broad interest for years. Despite meaningful efforts in the past decade, how to realize broadband transmissive polarization conversion for terahertz waves is a problem remaining unresolved. Herein, an innovative strategy of designing an all‐silicon grating is proposed, and it is experimentally demonstrated that the designed structure is capable of realizing ultra‐broadband cross‐linear and linear‐to‐circular polarization conversions in the terahertz regime. Moreover, active control of arbitrary polarization states can be accomplished by mechanically tilting the grating structure. In brief, this work promises a new approach to realizing ultra‐broadband conversion in arbitrary polarization state at terahertz frequencies, and is of great significance for terahertz wireless communication technology, polarization imaging, and emergent biochemistry research requiring dichroism light.
Enhancing the Energy‐Storage Density and Breakdown Strength in PbZrO3/Pb0.9La0.1Zr0.52Ti0.48O3‐Derived Antiferroelectric/Relaxor‐Ferroelectric Multilayers
Authors: Nguyen Minh D. , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Houwman Evert P. , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus
Published: June 2022

Multilayer thin‐film dielectric capacitors with high energy‐storage performance and fast charge/discharge speed have significantly affected the development of miniaturized pulsed‐power devices. Here, the interfacial strain in epitaxial multilayers of antiferroelectric PbZrO3 and relaxor‐ferroelectric Pb0.9La0.1Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 is shown to significantly enhance the maximum polarization of the multilayer thin‐film capacitors, beyond that of the composing individual layers. Insights obtained from atomically resolved energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction analysis of the interface and domain structure are used to develop phenomenological models that explain the observed trends in breakdown strength and energy‐storage density as a function of multilayer period number. The underlying mechanism is the mechanical coupling between the layers that depends on the individual layer thicknesses. These factors result in a strongly enhanced recoverable energy‐storage density (increased by a factor of 4 to ≈128.4 J cm−3) with high efficiency (≈81.2%). Moreover, the multilayer films show almost fatigue‐free energy‐storage performance after 1010 switching cycles, even at elevated temperatures up to 220 °C, demonstrating their robustness. The outstanding properties show the great potential of epitaxial multilayers for energy‐storage applications, due to the well‐defined separate layers and coupling of properties across the interfaces, not present in ceramic composites.
Sugarbeet response to interactions between fall‐seeded cover crop and fertilizer nitrogen application time
Authors: Chatterjee Amitava
Published: June 2022

Among many other ecosystem services, cover crops have potential to protect soil and nutrient loss from erosion. However, cover crop residues can alter nitrogen (N) dynamics and affect fertilizer N availability. Response of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality were studied for two fall‐seeded cover crops, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), and three fertilizer N treatments (fall and spring applications of 100% of recommended N, and 50% split in between fall and spring), in the Red River Valley of Minnesota. Cover crop species and fertilizer N application time significantly influenced sugarbeet canopy reflectance, soil inorganic N, and cover crop biomass production; however, they did not affect root yield and sugar concentration. Sugarbeet grown without a cover crop had higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference red edge (NDRE) than sugarbeet grown after fall‐seeded rye. Fall N application had higher NDVI and NDRE than spring N application for most of the growing season. Cereal rye produced 15% higher biomass than winter wheat. Adoption of rye as a cover crop in sugarbeet might be possible without any adverse effect on sugarbeet production.
Fermentative profile and nutritional composition of sugarcane silages associated with different levels of moringa hay
Authors: Reis Lucas Oliveira , Gois Glayciane Costa , Felix Wagner Pereira , Araújo Cleildes Ferreira , dos Santos Nunes Timóteo Silva , Bezerra Higor Fábio Carvalho , Ramos Ery Jonhons Nascimento , Rodrigues Arquinor Conceição , da Penha Leilta Gonçalves , Almeida Bruno Augusto de Souza , Filho Pedro Alves Ferreira , de Leal de Araújo Gherman Garcia , Menezes Daniel Ribeiro , Queiroz Mário Adriano Àvila
Published: June 2022

The objective was to evaluate the fermentative profile and nutritional composition of sugarcane silages associated with different levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) hay (0, 10, 20, and 30% on dry matter basis). A completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments and five repetitions, totaling 20 experimental silos that were opened after 60 d of ensiling. The increase in the levels of the moringa hay provided a linear reduction in the density (P = .0001) and butyric acid (P = .0001) and a linear increase in pH (P = .0001), Ca (P < .0001), Mg (P < .0001), and S (P < .0001) in sugarcane silages. Quadratic effect was observed for fermentative losses (P < .05), dry matter recovery (P = .0001), lactic acid (P = .0141), acetic acid (P = .0001), propionic acid (P = .0001), and ethanol production (P = .0001). Quadratic effect was verified for the chemical composition of the silages (P < .05) and for the contents of K (P < .0012), P (P < .0001), Mn (P < .0001), Na (P < .0001), Cu (P < .0003), Fe (P < .0001), and Zn (P < .0001). The inclusion of 30% of moringa hay in the sugarcane silage reduced fermentative losses and ethanol production and provided an increase in the levels of minerals, protein, and energy of the silages.
A high‐throughput chaotic advection microreactor for preparation of uniform and aggregated barium sulfate nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Hua , Wei Shi‐Xiao , Chen Han , Chen Lang , Au Chak‐Tong , Xie Ting‐Liang , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: June 2022

A high‐throughput (105.5 g/h) passive four‐stage asymmetric oscillating feedback microreactor using chaotic mixing mechanism was developed to prepare aggregated Barium sulfate (BaSO4) particles of high primary nanoparticle size uniformity. Three‐dimensional unsteady simulations showed that chaotic mixing could be induced by three unique secondary flows (i.e., vortex, recirculation, and oscillation), and the fluid oscillation mechanism was examined in detail. Simulations and Villermaux–Dushman experiments indicate that almost complete mixing down to molecular level can be achieved and the prepared BaSO4 nanoparticles were with narrow primary particle size distribution (PSD) having geometric standard deviation, σg, less than 1.43 when the total volumetric flow rate Qtotal was larger than 10 ml/min. By selecting Qtotal and reactant concentrations, average primary particle size can be controlled from 23 to 109 nm as determined by microscopy. An average size of 26 nm with narrow primary PSD (σg = 1.22) could be achieved at Qtotal of 160 ml/min.
Functional characterization of the schizophrenia associated gene AS3MT identifies a role in neuronal development
Authors: Washer Sam J. , Flynn Robert , Oguro‐Ando Asami , Hannon Eilis , Burrage Joe , Jeffries Aaron , Mill Jonathan , Dempster Emma L.
Published: June 2022

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genomic regions associated with schizophrenia, although many variants reside in noncoding regions characterized by high linkage disequilibrium (LD) making the elucidation of molecular mechanisms challenging. A genomic region on chromosome 10q24 has been consistently associated with schizophrenia with risk attributed to the AS3MT gene. Although AS3MT is hypothesized to play a role in neuronal development and differentiation, work to fully understand the function of this gene has been limited. In this study we explored the function of AS3MT using a neuronal cell line (SH‐SY5Y). We confirm previous findings of isoform specific expression of AS3MT during SH‐SY5Y differentiation toward neuronal fates. Using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing we generated AS3MT knockout SH‐SY5Y cell lines and used RNA‐seq to identify significant changes in gene expression in pathways associated with neuronal development, inflammation, extracellular matrix formation, and RNA processing, including dysregulation of other genes strongly implicated in schizophrenia. We did not observe any morphological changes in cell size and neurite length following neuronal differentiation and MAP2 immunocytochemistry. These results provide novel insights into the potential role of AS3MT in brain development and identify pathways through which genetic variation in this region may confer risk for schizophrenia.
Chemistry of (E)‐2‐(2,4‐Dioxochroman‐3‐ylidene)‐2‐phenylacetonitrile: Access to Biscoumarin‐Fused Trioxabicycles
Authors: Yang Ya‐Hsu , Iddum Satyanarayana , Yang Ding‐Yah , Liou Teau‐Jiuan
Published: June 2022

A series of biscoumarin‐fused 2,6,9‐trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona‐3,7‐dienes were synthesized from base‐mediated coupling of 4‐hydroxycoumarins with benzoyl cyanides and followed by treating with pyridine and thionyl chloride. The mechanism of this reaction was proposed to involve the formation of (E)‐2‐(2,4‐dioxochroman‐3‐ylidene)‐2‐phenylacetonitrile as a key intermediate, which could further react with 2‐(2,4‐dioxochroman‐3‐yl)‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylacetonitrile to yield biscoumarin‐fused trioxabicycles.
DNA‐Programmable AgAuS‐Primed Conductive Nanowelding Wires‐Up Wet Colloids
Authors: Lei Pengcheng , Li Yanjuan , Song Xiaojun , Hao Yan , Deng Zhaoxiang
Published: June 2022

Self‐assembly of nanomaterials, directed by molecular or supramolecular interactions, is a powerful strategy to build nanoscale devices. Despite many advantages of such solution‐based processes, a big challenge is to realize interparticle ohmic contacts toward facilitated charge transport over a long distance. We report a new concept of primed nanowelding to thread solution‐borne nanoparticles in prescribed assemblies. The process starts with a gap‐specific deposition of Ag2E (E=S, Se) materials in pre‐assembled gold structures, which spontaneously transform into AgAuE semiconductors via directional gold diffusion. Treatment with tributylphosphine generates alloyed Au/Ag welding spots that conductively wire‐up nanoparticles into discrete “molecules” and micron‐long “polymers”. This method is compatible with DNA programming and delivers a possible way to solve the problem of the carrier‐transport dilemma in solution‐processed nanostructures for better‐functioning nanodevices.
A Nanopore‐Based Saccharide Sensor
Authors: Zhang Shanyu , Cao Zhenyuan , Fan Pingping , Wang Yuqin , Jia Wendong , Wang Liying , Wang Kefan , Liu Yao , Du Xiaoyu , Hu Chengzhen , Zhang Panke , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Huang Shuo
Published: June 2022

Saccharides play critical roles in many forms of cellular activities. Saccharide structures are however complicated and similar, setting a technical hurdle for direct identification. Nanopores, which are emerging single molecule tools sensitive to minor structural differences between analytes, can be engineered to identity saccharides. A hetero‐octamericMycobacterium smegmatisporin A nanopore containing a phenylboronic acid was prepared, and was able to clearly identify nine monosaccharide types, including D‐fructose, D‐galactose, D‐mannose, D‐glucose, L‐sorbose, D‐ribose, D‐xylose, L‐rhamnose and N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine. Minor structural differences between saccharide epimers can also be distinguished. To assist automatic event classification, a machine learning algorithm was developed, with which a general accuracy score of 0.96 was achieved. This sensing strategy is generally suitable for other saccharide types and may bring new insights to nanopore saccharide sequencing.
The Influence of Strain on the Rotation of an Artificial Molecular Motor
Authors: Kathan Michael , Crespi Stefano , Troncossi Axel , Stindt Charlotte N. , Toyoda Ryojun , Feringa Ben L.
Published: June 2022

In artificial small‐molecule machines, molecular motors can be used to perform work on coupled systems by applying a mechanical load—such as strain—that allows for energy transduction. Here, we report how ring strain influences the rotation of a rotary molecular motor. Bridging the two halves of the motor with alkyl tethers of varying sizes yields macrocycles that constrain the motor's movement. Increasing the ring size by two methylene increments increases the mobility of the motor stepwise and allows for fine‐tuning of strain in the system. Small macrocycles (8–14 methylene units) only undergo a photochemicalE/Zisomerization. Larger macrocycles (16–22 methylene units) can perform a full rotational cycle, but thermal helix inversion is strongly dependent on the ring size. This study provides systematic and quantitative insight into the behavior of molecular motors under a mechanical load, paving the way for the development of complex coupled nanomachinery.
Probing Neuropeptide Volume Transmission In Vivo by Simultaneous Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered Release and Optical Sensing**
Authors: Xiong Hejian , Lacin Emre , Ouyang Hui , Naik Aditi , Xu Xueqi , Xie Chen , Youn Jonghae , Wilson Blake A. , Kumar Krutin , Kern Tyler , Aisenberg Erin , Kircher Daniel , Li Xiuying , Zasadzinski Joseph A. , Mateo Celine , Kleinfeld David , Hrabetova Sabina , Slesinger Paul A. , Qin Zhenpeng
Published: June 2022

Neuropeptides are abundant signaling molecules in the central nervous system. Yet remarkably little is known about their spatiotemporal spread and biological activity. Here, we developed an integrated optical approach using Plasmonic nAnovesicles and cell‐based neurotransmitter fluorescent engineered reporter (CNiFER), or PACE, to probe neuropeptide signaling in the mouse neocortex. Small volumes (fL to pL) of exogenously supplied somatostatin‐14 (SST) can be rapidly released under near‐infrared light stimulation from nanovesicles implanted in the brain and detected by SST2 CNiFERs with nM sensitivity. Our measurements reveal reduced but synchronized SST transmission within 130 μm, and markedly smaller and delayed transmission at longer distances. These measurements enabled a quantitative estimation of the SST loss rate due to peptide degradation and binding. PACE offers a new tool for determining the spatiotemporal scales of neuropeptide volume transmission and signaling in the brain.
A Field‐Independent Method for the Rapid Generation of Hyperpolarized [1‐13C]Pyruvate in Clean Water Solutions for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mamone Salvatore , Jagtap Anil P. , Korchak Sergey , Ding Yonghong , Sternkopf Sonja , Glöggler Stefan
Published: June 2022

Hyperpolarization methods in magnetic resonance enhance the signals by several orders of magnitude, opening new windows for real‐time investigations of dynamic processes in vitro and in vivo. Here, we propose a field‐independent para‐hydrogen‐based pulsed method to produce rapidly hyperpolarized13C‐labeled substrates. We demonstrate the method by polarizing the carboxylic carbon of the pyruvate moiety in a purposely designed precursor to 24 % at ≈22 mT. Following a fast purification procedure, we measure 8 % polarization on free [1‐13C]pyruvate in clean water solutions at physiological conditions at 7 T. The enhanced signals allow real‐time monitoring of the pyruvate‐lactate conversion in cancer cells, demonstrating the potential of the method for biomedical applications in combination with existing or developing magnetic resonance technologies.
Highly Active and Thermally Robust Nickel Enolate Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ethylene‐Acrylate Copolymers
Authors: Xiong Shuoyan , Hong Alexandria , Bailey Brad C. , Spinney Heather A. , Senecal Todd D. , Bailey Hannah , Agapie Theodor
Published: June 2022

The insertion copolymerization of polar olefins and ethylene remains a significant challenge in part due to catalysts′ low activity and poor thermal stability. Herein we demonstrate a strategy toward addressing these obstacles through ligand design. Neutral nickel phosphine enolate catalysts with large phosphine substituents reaching the axial positions of Ni achieve activity of up to 7.7×103 kg mol−1 h−1 (efficiency >35×103 g copolymer/g Ni) at 110 °C, notable for ethylene/acrylate copolymerization. NMR analysis of resulting copolymers reveals highly linear microstructures with main‐chain ester functionality. Structure‐performance studies indicate a strong correlation between axial steric hindrance and catalyst performance.
Lewis Base Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfur Heterocycles via the C1‐Pyridinium Enolate
Authors: Cromwell Simon , Sutio Randy , Zhang Changhe , Such Georgina K. , Lupton David W.
Published: June 2022

While the addition of C1‐Lewis base enolates to carbonyls and related structures are well established, the related addition to thiocarbonyls compounds are unknown. Herein, we report a reaction cascade in which a C1‐pyridinium enolate undergos addition to dithioesters, trithiocarbonates and xanthates. The reaction provides access to a range of dihydrothiophenes and dihydrothiopyrans (28‐examples). Mechanistic investigations, including isolation of intermediates, electronic correlation, and kinetic isotope effect studies support the viability of an activated acid intermediate giving rise to the C1‐pyridinium enolate which undergoes turnover limiting cyclization. Subsequent formation of a β‐thiolactone regenerates the catalyst with loss of carbon oxysulfide providing the observed products.
Precise Tailoring of Polyester Bottlebrush Amphiphiles toward Eco‐Friendly Photonic Pigments via Interfacial Self‐Assembly
Authors: Guo Qilin , Xue Runze , Zhao Jian , Zhang Yuxia , van de Kerkhof Gea T. , Zhang Kunyu , Li Yuesheng , Vignolini Silvia , Song Dong‐Po
Published: June 2022

Biodegradable photonic microspheres with structural colors are promising substitutes to polluting microbeads and toxic dyes. Here, amphiphilic polyester‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) with polylactic acid or poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) as the hydrophobic block are synthesized and used to fabricate eco‐friendly photonic pigments. Molecular parameters of BBCPs, including rigidity and symmetry, are precisely tailored by variation of side chain lengths, which enables effective manipulation of interfacial tension (γ). Organized spontaneous emulsion mechanism is enabled only whenγfalls in a suitable range (10.6–14.3 mN m−1), producing ordered water‐in‐oil‐in‐water multiple emulsions and ordered porous structures. Consequently, highly saturated and tunable structural colors are observed due to coherent light scattering from the porous structures. Such photonic materials are nontoxic as confirmed by careful safety tests using aquatic model organisms.
A Site Distance Effect Induced by Reactant Molecule Matchup in Single‐Atom Catalysts for Fenton‐Like Reactions
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Cheng Cheng , Jin Mengmeng , He Jia , Zhang Hui , Ren Wei , Li Jiong , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: June 2022

Understanding the site interaction nature of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), especially densely populated SACs, is vital for their application to various catalytic reactions. Herein, we report a site distance effect, which emphasizes how well the distance of the adjacent copper atoms (denoted as dCu1−Cu1) matches with the reactant peroxydisulfate (PDS) molecular size to determine the Fenton‐like reaction reactivity on the carbon‐supported SACs. The optimized dCu1−Cu1 in the range of 5–6 Å, which matches the molecular size of PDS, endows the catalyst with a nearly two times higher turnover frequency than that of dCu1−Cu1 beyond this range, accordingly achieving record‐breaking kinetics for the oxidation of emerging organic contaminants. Further studies suggest that this site distance effect originates from the alteration of PDS adsorption to a dual‐site structure on Cu1−Cu1 sites when dCu1−Cu1 falls within 5–6 Å, significantly enhancing the interfacial charge transfer and consequently resulting in the most efficient catalyst for PDS activation so far.
Linker Scissoring Strategy Enables Precise Shaping of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Chromatographic Separation
Authors: Xu Ming , Cai Peiyu , Meng Sha‐Sha , Yang Yihao , Zheng De‐Sheng , Zhang Qing‐Hua , Gu Lin , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Gu Zhi‐Yuan
Published: June 2022

Precise shaping of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is significant in both fundamental coordination chemistry and practical applications, such as catalysis, separation, and biomedicine. Herein, we demonstrated a linker scissoring strategy for precisely shaping MOFs through surface conformational pairing. In this strategy, the bidentate linkers which were designed according to the original tetratopic ligands and the coordination environment of MOF surfaces, were utilized as the covering agents. The shape of these covering agents and the surface conformation of metals onto MOFs restricted them to coordinate on specific MOF facets thus precisely controlling the shape of the MOFs. Different shapes of PCN‐608 from nanoplate (PCN‐NP) to nanorod (PCN‐NR) have been targeted by adding different bidentate linkers. The universality of this strategy was demonstrated by controlling the shapes of the NU‐MOFs from nanoplate to nanorod. This strategy provides a new guiding principle to synthesize MOF nanocrystals with controlled shapes.
Deconvoluting the Optical Response of Biocompatible Photonic Pigments
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chan Chun Lam Clement , Haataja Johannes S. , Schertel Lukas , Li Ruiting , van de Kerkhof Gea T. , Scherman Oren A. , Parker Richard M. , Vignolini Silvia
Published: June 2022

To unlock the widespread use of block copolymers as photonic pigments, there is an urgent need to consider their environmental impact (cf. microplastic pollution). Here we show how an inverse photonic glass architecture can enable the use of biocompatible bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs), which otherwise lack the refractive index contrast needed for a strong photonic response. A library of photonic pigments is produced from poly(norbornene‐graft‐polycaprolactone)‐block‐poly(norbornene‐graft‐polyethylene glycol), with the color tuned via either the BBCP molecular weight or the processing temperature upon microparticle fabrication. The structure–optic relationship between the 3D porous morphology of the microparticles and their complex optical response is revealed by both an analytical scattering model and 3D finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. Combined, this allows for strategies to enhance the color purity to be proposed and realized with our biocompatible BBCP system.
A Site Distance Effect Induced by Reactant Molecule Matchup in Single‐Atom Catalysts for Fenton‐Like Reactions
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Cheng Cheng , Jin Mengmeng , He Jia , Zhang Hui , Ren Wei , Li Jiong , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: June 2022

Understanding the site interaction nature of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), especially densely populated SACs, is vital for their application to various catalytic reactions. Herein, we report a site distance effect, which emphasizes how well the distance of the adjacent copper atoms (denoted asdCu1−Cu1) matches with the reactant peroxydisulfate (PDS) molecular size to determine the Fenton‐like reaction reactivity on the carbon‐supported SACs. The optimizeddCu1−Cu1in the range of 5–6 Å, which matches the molecular size of PDS, endows the catalyst with a nearly two times higher turnover frequency than that ofdCu1−Cu1beyond this range, accordingly achieving record‐breaking kinetics for the oxidation of emerging organic contaminants. Further studies suggest that this site distance effect originates from the alteration of PDS adsorption to a dual‐site structure on Cu1−Cu1sites whendCu1−Cu1falls within 5–6 Å, significantly enhancing the interfacial charge transfer and consequently resulting in the most efficient catalyst for PDS activation so far.
1,2,3‐Triazole rich polymers for flame retardant application: A review
Authors: Sykam Kesavarao , Donempudi Shailaja , Basak Pratyay
Published: June 2022

Development of the non‐halogenated flame retardants (FRs) is an emerging research area as halogenated FRs are prone to produce carcinogenic and persistent organic pollutants. In this context, 1,2,3‐triazole synergized FR polymeric materials noticeably attained great interest in the last decade. The mini‐review highlights the role of azide‐alkyne click chemistry with specific reference to 1,2,3‐triazole moiety covalently grafted FR for various polymeric systems. In particular, the intumescent FR mechanism of 1,2,3‐triazole has been reviewed and the technical evidence for the mechanism is provided by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. 1,2,3‐triazole moiety is increasingly proving itself to be a potent non‐halogenated FR and it has the potential to be adopted by the industry in near future.
Acrylate polymer prepared by dispersion polymerization and its crude oil emulsion demulsification performance
Authors: Wang Xiujun , Wang Naxiang , Yuan Sisi , Tang Qingqing , Wang Yifan , Fang Shenwen , Duan Ming
Published: June 2022

The development of a new crude oil emulsion demulsifier to replace the block polyether has always attracted attention. In this article, a novel crude oil emulsion demulsifier was prepared by dispersion polymerization using a mixture of ether and water as the dispersion medium and acrylate, methacryloxyethylthrimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), and acrylamide as the comonomers. Taking the stability and demulsification performance as the index, the effects of acrylate type, ether/water mass ratio, monomer mass ratio, monomer concentration, initiator type, ether type, and reaction temperature on the polymerization results were investigated. The experimental results showed that when the acrylate was butyl acrylate (BA), the mass ratio of BA to DMC was 1:1, and dispersion medium was the mixture of dipropylene glycol methyl ether and water (ether/water mass ratio 1.5:1), monomer concentration was 20 wt%, initiator was V50, reaction temperature was in range of 50 to 55°C, and polymerization reaction was 10 h, the product P (BA‐DMC‐AM) had a good demulsification performance for the crude oil emulsion (crude oil density 0.9625 g/cm3, water content in emulsion 50%). When the dosage of P (BA‐DMC‐AM) was 200 mg/L and the temperature was 75°C, its dehydration was higher than 90% after demulsification for 4 h. This efficiency was similar with the block polyether demulsifier BH133. In addition, interfacial properties showed that P (BA‐DMC‐AM) can adsorb onto the oil–water interface and reduce the strength of W/O interfacial film, thereby achieving demulsification.
2022 American College of Rheumatology/American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Guideline for the Perioperative Management of Antirheumatic Medication in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Undergoing Elective Total Hip or Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Goodman Susan M. , Springer Bryan D. , Chen Antonia F. , Davis Marshall , Fernandez David R. , Figgie Mark , Finlayson Heather , George Michael D. , Giles Jon T. , Gililland Jeremy , Klatt Brian , MacKenzie Ronald , Michaud Kaleb , Miller Andy , Russell Linda , Sah Alexander , Abdel Matthew P. , Johnson Beverly , Mandl Lisa A. , Sculco Peter , Turgunbaev Marat , Turner Amy S. , Yates Adolph , Singh Jasvinder A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To develop updated guidelines for the perioperative management of disease‐modifying medications for patients with rheumatic diseases, specifically those with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) or elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

We convened a panel of rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, and infectious disease specialists, updated the systematic literature review, and included currently available medications for the clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes (PICO) questions. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using a group consensus process.

Results

This guideline updates the 2017 recommendations for perioperative use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic therapy, including traditional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologic agents, targeted synthetic small‐molecule drugs, and glucocorticoids used for adults with rheumatic diseases, specifically for the treatment of patients with IA, including rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, those with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or those with SLE who are undergoing elective THA or TKA. It updates recommendations regarding when to continue, when to withhold, and when to restart these medications and the optimal perioperative dosing of glucocorticoids.

Conclusion

This updated guideline includes recently introduced immunosuppressive medications to help decision‐making by clinicians and patients regarding perioperative disease‐modifying medication management for patients with IA and SLE at the time of elective THA or TKA.