bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inattentional blindness in anesthesiology: A gorilla is worth one thousand words
Authors: De Cassai Alessandro , Negro Sebastiano , Geraldini Federico , Boscolo Annalisa , Sella Nicolò , Munari Marina , Navalesi Paolo
Published: September 2021

Introduction

People are not able to anticipate unexpected events. Inattentional blindness is demonstrated to happen not only in naïve observers engaged in an unfamiliar task but also in field experts with years of training. Anaesthesia is the perfect example of a discipline which requires a high level of attention and our aim was to evaluate if inattentional blindness can affect anesthesiologists during their daily activities.

Materials and methods

An online survey was distributed on Facebook between May 1, 2021 and May 31, 2021.

The survey consisted of five simulated cases with questions investigating the anesthetic management of day-case surgeries. Each case had an introduction, a chest radiography, an electrocardiogram, preoperative blood testing and the last case had a gorilla embedded in the chest radiography.

Results

In total 699 respondents from 17 different countries were finally included in the analysis.

The main outcome was to assess the incidence of inattentional blindness.

Only 34 (4.9%) respondents were able to spot the gorilla. No differences were found between anesthesiologists or residents, private or public hospitals, or between medical doctors with different experience.

Discussion

Our findings assess that inattentional blindness is common in anesthesia, and ever-growing attention is deemed necessary to improve patient safety; to achieve this objective several strategies should be adopted such as an increased use of standardized protocols, promoting automation based strategies to reduce human error when performing repetitive tasks and discouraging evaluation of multiple consecutive patients in the same work shifts independently of the associated complexity.
Recalibrating expectations about effect size: A multi-method survey of effect sizes in the ABCD study
Authors: Owens Max M. , Potter Alexandra , Hyatt Courtland S. , Albaugh Matthew , Thompson Wesley K. , Jernigan Terry , Yuan Dekang , Hahn Sage , Allgaier Nicholas , Garavan Hugh
Published: September 2021

Effect sizes are commonly interpreted using heuristics established by Cohen (e.g., small: r = .1, medium r = .3, large r = .5), despite mounting evidence that these guidelines are mis-calibrated to the effects typically found in psychological research. This study’s aims were to 1) describe the distribution of effect sizes across multiple instruments, 2) consider factors qualifying the effect size distribution, and 3) identify examples as benchmarks for various effect sizes. For aim one, effect size distributions were illustrated from a large, diverse sample of 9/10-year-old children. This was done by conducting Pearson’s correlations among 161 variables representing constructs from all questionnaires and tasks from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study® baseline data. To achieve aim two, factors qualifying this distribution were tested by comparing the distributions of effect size among various modifications of the aim one analyses. These modified analytic strategies included comparisons of effect size distributions for different types of variables, for analyses using statistical thresholds, and for analyses using several covariate strategies. In aim one analyses, the median in-sample effect size was .03, and values at the first and third quartiles were .01 and .07. In aim two analyses, effects were smaller for associations across instruments, content domains, and reporters, as well as when covarying for sociodemographic factors. Effect sizes were larger when thresholding for statistical significance. In analyses intended to mimic conditions used in “real-world” analysis of ABCD data, the median in-sample effect size was .05, and values at the first and third quartiles were .03 and .09. To achieve aim three, examples for varying effect sizes are reported from the ABCD dataset as benchmarks for future work in the dataset. In summary, this report finds that empirically determined effect sizes from a notably large dataset are smaller than would be expected based on existing heuristics.
Effects of specific inspiratory muscle training combined with whole-body endurance training program on balance in COPD patients: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tounsi Bilel , Acheche Amal , Lelard Thierry , Tabka Zouhair , Trabelsi Yassine , Ahmaidi Said
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to assess the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) combined with endurance training (ET) on balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

We studied 32 male patients (62 ± 6 years) with moderate to very severe COPD. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (IMT+ET) n = 16 or a control group (ET) n = 16 with similar characteristics. The evaluations were carried out at inclusion and after eight weeks of the training period. Functional balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Timed-up and Go (TUG), the Single Leg Stance test (SLS), and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. The strength of the inspiratory muscles (PImax) was assessed by maximal inspiratory mouth pressure. Functional exercise performance was assessed by the 6 minutes walking test (6MWT). IMT program consists in performing two daily sets of 30 inspirations with 50% of PImax increased by 10% every two weeks. ET program consists in performing 30 min treadmill exercise at 60% to 80% of the average speed achieved during the 6MWT three days per week.

Results

After the training period, the experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in BBS (IMT+ET vs. ET; p = 0.019), and in ABC (IMT+ET vs. ET; p = 0.014). However, no significant differences between groups were observed for TUG, SLS, and 6MWT. There was a significant difference between groups in PImax (IMT+ET vs. ET; p = 0.030). Significant moderate correlations were obtained between ΔPImax and ΔBBS for both groups (IMT+ET: r = 0.624, p = 0.010; ET r = 0.550, p = 0.027) as well as for ΔABC but only in the experimental group (IMT+ET: r = 0.550, p = 0.027).

Conclusion

Compared to ET alone, the results suggest that IMT combined with ET enhances inspiratory muscle function and functional balance according to BBS and ABC in patients with COPD. We suggest that inspiratory muscle training might be introduced as additional training to pulmonary rehabilitation programs aimed at improving balance in COPD patients.

Trial registration

The trial registry name: Clinical Trials; Registration number: NCT04084405; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04084405.
Application of embedded soft PLC in the control system of rapier loom
Authors: Xiao Yanjun , Shi Linhan , Zhou Wei , Wan Feng , Liu Weiling
Published: September 2021

At present, the rapier loom has gradually become the mainstream equipment in the manufacturing industry. In order to make the rapier loom realize automated production and further improve the production efficiency of the rapier loom, improve the programmability of the system, and reduce the cost of system maintenance. The thesis developed a rapier loom control system based on embedded soft PLC, and carried out experiments and applications in the field. The contribution and innovation of this paper is to develop a complete low-cost control system, and through a genetic algorithm optimized PID algorithm to complete the more effective control of the loom tension system. The embedded soft PLC system proposed in this paper reduces the overall maintenance cost of the system and improves the programmability of the system. This text carries on the systematic scheme design to the embedded soft PLC from the hardware system and the software system respectively. First, according to the actual requirements, this article designs the overall scheme of the embedded software PLC hardware system with STM32F407ZGT6 as the core. Then this article is based on the embedded soft PLC hardware platform, according to the international standard of industrial control programming, writes the embedded soft PLC low-level driver software. Secondly, this article analyzes the factors that affect the warp tension during the operation of the rapier loom, and proposes the use of genetic algorithm to optimize the warp tension control method of the traditional PID algorithm. Finally, we conducted verification tests and on-site application debugging for the entire set of rapier loom embedded soft PLC control system. We controlled the warp tension as the main experimental object. The results show that this control system effectively improves the control accuracy of the warp tension of the rapier loom and meets the actual needs of industrial applications. The whole system has a good application prospect in the warp tension control of rapier looms.
Axonal growth on surfaces with periodic geometrical patterns
Authors: Sunnerberg Jacob P. , Descoteaux Marc , Kaplan David L. , Staii Cristian
Published: September 2021

The formation of neuron networks is a complex phenomenon of fundamental importance for understanding the development of the nervous system, and for creating novel bioinspired materials for tissue engineering and neuronal repair. The basic process underlying the network formation is axonal growth, a process involving the extension of axons from the cell body towards target neurons. Axonal growth is guided by environmental stimuli that include intercellular interactions, biochemical cues, and the mechanical and geometrical features of the growth substrate. The dynamics of the growing axon and its biomechanical interactions with the growing substrate remains poorly understood. In this paper, we develop a model of axonal motility which incorporates mechanical interactions between the axon and the growth substrate. We combine experimental data with theoretical analysis to measure the parameters that describe axonal growth on surfaces with micropatterned periodic geometrical features: diffusion (cell motility) coefficients, speed and angular distributions, and axon bending rigidities. Experiments performed on neurons treated Taxol (inhibitor of microtubule dynamics) and Blebbistatin (disruptor of actin filaments) show that the dynamics of the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in the axon steering mechanism. Our results demonstrate that axons follow geometrical patterns through a contact-guidance mechanism, in which high-curvature geometrical features impart high traction forces to the growth cone. These results have important implications for our fundamental understanding of axonal growth as well as for bioengineering novel substrates that promote neuronal growth and nerve repair.
Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) combined with allogeneic intrastromal lenticule inlay for hyperopia with astigmatism
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhou Yuehua
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To quantitatively evaluate outcomes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) combined with allogeneic intrastromal lenticule inlay for hyperopia with astigmatism.

Methods

It’s a retrospective cohort study. Twenty-four eyes of 15 patients with more than 0.75 diopters (D) of astigmatism in hyperopic eyes were enrolled in this study. The hyperopic eye with astigmatism was first treated with SMILE to correct astigmatism; then a lenticule was extracted from a donor myopic eye and subsequently implanted into the hyperopic eye with astigmatism. Patients were examined preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, 1,3 months and 1 year after surgery. The main outcome measures were the uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), spherical equivalent (SE), corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence topography (OCT) and ocular response analyzer (ORA) parameters: corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF). Repeated–measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were used to analyze data of different follow-up visits.

Results

The mean preoperative cylinder was 1.95±1.04(D). The UDVA (from 0.37±0.23 to 0.09±0.09), UNVA (from 0.49±0.21 to 0.08±0.06), SE (from +7.42±3.12 to -0.75±0.79) and astigmatism (+1.95±1.04 to -0.65±0.63) postoperatively were obviously better than those before surgery. Five eyes (26.3%) gained one line of CDVA, and 3 eyes (15.8%) gained two lines of CDVA one year after surgery compared with preoperative levels. The average corneal curvature was changed from (43.19±4.37) D to (49.19±3.87) D one year after surgery. The anterior segment OCT images of corneas with lenticule inlays at each follow-up visit showed that the implanted lenticule was shaped like a crescent in the corneal stroma. The CH and CRF didn’t change significantly after surgery (p = 0.189 and p = 0.107respectively).

Conclusions

SMILE combined with intrastromal lenticule inlay can be used to correct high hyperopia with astigmatism with good safety, efficacy and reproducibility.
Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much
Authors: Landová Eva , Janovcová Markéta , Štolhoferová Iveta , Rádlová Silvie , Frýdlová Petra , Sedláčková Kristýna , Frynta Daniel
Published: September 2021

To investigate a specificity of spiders as a prototypical fear- and disgust-eliciting stimuli, we conducted an online experiment. The respondents rated images of 25 spiders, 12 non-spider chelicerates, and 10 other arthropods on a fear and disgust 7-point scale. The evaluation of 968 Central European respondents confirmed the specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods and supported the notion of spiders as a cognitive category. We delineated this category as covering extant spider species as well as some other chelicerates bearing a physical resemblance to spiders, mainly whip spiders and camel spiders. We suggested calling this category the spider-like cognitive category. We discussed evolutionary roots of the spider-like category and concluded that its roots should be sought in fear, with disgust being secondary of the two emotions. We suggested other chelicerates, e.g., scorpions, might have been important in formation and fixation of the spider-like category. Further, we investigated an effect of respondent’s sensitivity to a specific fear of spiders on evaluation of the stimuli. We found that suspected phobic respondents were in their rating nearly identical to those with only high fear of spiders and similar to those with only moderate fear of spiders. We concluded that results based on healthy respondents with elevated fear should also be considered relevant for arachnophobia research.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence: Navigating the absence of a gold standard
Authors: Saeed Sahar , O’Brien Sheila F. , Abe Kento , Yi Qi-Long , Rathod Bhavisha , Wang Jenny , Fazel-Zarandi Mahya , Tuite Ashleigh , Fisman David , Wood Heidi , Colwill Karen , Gingras Anne-Claude , Drews Steven J.
Published: September 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence studies bridge the gap left from case detection, to estimate the true burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. While multiple anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays are available, no gold standard exists.

Methods

This serial cross-sectional study was conducted using plasma samples from 8999 healthy blood donors between April-September 2020. Each sample was tested by four assays: Abbott SARS-Cov-2 IgG assay, targeting nucleocapsid (Abbott-NP) and three in-house IgG ELISA assays (targeting spike glycoprotein, receptor binding domain, and nucleocapsid). Seroprevalence rates were compared using multiple composite reference standards and by a series of Bayesian Latent Class Models.

Result

We found 13 unique diagnostic phenotypes; only 32 samples (0.4%) were positive by all assays. None of the individual assays resulted in seroprevalence increasing monotonically over time. In contrast, by using the results from all assays, the Bayesian Latent Class Model with informative priors predicted seroprevalence increased from 0.7% (95% credible interval (95% CrI); 0.4, 1.0%) in April/May to 0.7% (95% CrI 0.5, 1.1%) in June/July to 0.9% (95% CrI 0.5, 1.3) in August/September. Assay characteristics varied over time. Overall Spike had the highest sensitivity (93.5% (95% CrI 88.7, 97.3%), while the sensitivity of the Abbott-NP assay waned from 77.3% (95% CrI 58.7, 92.5%) in April/May to 64.4% (95% CrI 45.6, 83.0) by August/September.

Discussion

Our results confirmed very low seroprevalence after the first wave in Canada. Given the dynamic nature of this pandemic, Bayesian Latent Class Models can be used to correct for imperfect test characteristics and waning IgG antibody signals.
On Bayesian approach to composite Pareto models
Authors: Abdul Majid Muhammad Hilmi , Ibrahim Kamarulzaman
Published: September 2021

In data modelling using the composite Pareto distribution, any observations above a particular threshold value are assumed to follow Pareto type distribution, whereas the rest of the observations are assumed to follow a different distribution. This paper proposes on the use of Bayesian approach to the composite Pareto models involving specification of the prior distribution on the proportion of data coming from the Pareto distribution, instead of assuming the prior distribution on the threshold, as often done in the literature. Based on a simulation study, it is found that the parameter estimates determined when using uniform prior on the proportion is less biased as compared to the point estimates determined when using uniform prior on the threshold. Applications on income data and finance are included for illustrative examples.
Reliability of ultrasound in evaluating the plantar skin and fat pad of the foot in the setting of diabetes
Authors: Morrison Troy , Jones Sara , Causby Ryan Scott , Thoirs Kerry
Published: September 2021

Ultrasound can be used to assess injury and structural changes to the soft-tissue structure of the foot. It may be useful to assess the feet of people with diabetes who are at increased risk of plantar soft-tissue pathological changes. The aim of this study was to determine if ultrasound measurements of plantar soft-tissue thickness and assessments of tissue acoustic characteristics are reliable in people with and without diabetes mellitus. A repeated measures design was used to determine intra-observer reliability for ultrasound measurements of plantar skin and fat pad thickness and intra- and inter-observer reliability of plantar skin and fat pad tissue characterisation assessments made at foot sites which are at risk of tissue injury in people with diabetes. Thickness measurements and tissue characterisation assessments were obtained at the heel and forefoot in both the unloaded and compressed states and included discrete layers of the plantar tissues: skin, microchamber, horizontal fibrous band, macrochamber and total soft-tissue depth. At each site, relative intra-observer reliability was achieved for the measurement of at least one plantar tissue layer. The total soft-tissue thickness measured in the unloaded state (ICC 0.925–0.976) demonstrated intra-observer reliability and is the most sensitive for detecting small change on repeated measures. Intra-observer agreement was demonstrated for tissue characteristic assessments of the skin at the heel (k = 0.70), fat pad at the lateral sesamoid region (k = 0.70) and both skin and fat pad at the second (k = 0.80, k = 0.70 respectively) and third metatarsal heads (k = 0.90, k = 0.79 respectively). However, acceptable inter-observer agreement was not demonstrated for any tissue characteristic assessment, therefore the use of multiple observers should be avoided when making these assessments.
Time to publish? Turnaround times, acceptance rates, and impact factors of journals in fisheries science
Authors: Runde Brendan J.
Published: September 2021

Selecting a target journal is a universal decision faced by authors of scientific papers. Components of the decision, including expected turnaround time, journal acceptance rate, and journal impact factor, vary in terms of accessibility. In this study, I collated recent turnaround times and impact factors for 82 journals that publish papers in the field of fisheries sciences. In addition, I gathered acceptance rates for the same journals when possible. Findings indicated clear among-journal differences in turnaround time, with median times-to-publication ranging from 79 to 323 days. There was no clear correlation between turnaround time and acceptance rate nor between turnaround time and impact factor; however, acceptance rate and impact factor were negatively correlated. I found no field-wide differences in turnaround time since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, though some individual journals took significantly longer or significantly shorter to publish during the pandemic. Depending on their priorities, authors choosing a target journal should use the results of this study as guidance toward a more informed decision.
Transboundary spread of peste des petits ruminants virus in western China: A prediction model
Authors: Gao Shan , Xu GuoYong , Zeng Zan , Lv JiaNing , Huang LiYa , Wang HaoNing , Wang XiaoLong
Published: September 2021

In pan Pamir Plateau countries, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) has brought huge losses to the livestock industry and threaten the endangered wildlife. In unknown regions, revealing PPRV transmission among countries is the premise of effective prevention and control, therefore calls for quantified monitoring on disease communication among countries. In this paper, a MaxEnt model was built for the first time to predict the PPR risk within the research area. The least cost path (LCP) for PPR transboundary communication were calculated and referred to as the maximum available paths (MAP). The results show that there are many places with high-risk in the research area, and the domestic risk in China is lower than that in foreign countries and is mainly determined by human activities. Five LCPs representing corridors among Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India and China were obtained. This study proves for the first time that there is the possibility of cross-border transmission of diseases by wild and domestic animals. In the future, it will play an important role in monitoring the PPR epidemic and blocking-up its cross-border transmission.
Slow Motion in the Age of Intensified Continuity
Authors: Detig Cameron
Published: September 2021

Using the lens of Bordwell’s intensified continuity, slow motion is a device that rose to prominence after the 1960s and has become a common part of modern film language. Slow motion has several canonized applications such as intensifying scenes of violence or spectacle, but there are also exemplary films that use slow motion to convey something unique. Technological developments throughout the decades have also made slow motion a powerful and more accessible tool.
The Trial of the Chicago 7: More Radical than Fiction
Authors: Foster Nathan
Published: September 2021

Aaron Sorkin’s The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020) may feature entertaining performances and his trademark wit, but it differs so much from its real-life story that it becomes more liberal fantasy than historical narrative.
Salesman (1969)
Authors: McDonald Ryan
Published: September 2021

Salesman (1969)

USA

Directors Albert Maysles, David Maysles, and Charlotte Zwerin

Runtime 91 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2020

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A)
Man Push Cart (2005)
Authors: Roberts Kevin
Published: September 2021

Man Push Cart (2005)

USA

Director Ramin Bahrani

Runtime 87 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2021

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A)
The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2016)
Authors: Edwards Candyce
Published: September 2021

The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2016)

USA

Director Yorgos Lanthimos

Runtime 121 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2017

Distributed by A24 (region A)
Three Films by Luis Buñuel
Authors: DeAtley Morgan
Published: September 2021

The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (1972)

France

Director Luis Buñuel

Runtime 101 minutes

The Phantom of Liberty (1974)

France

Director Luis Buñuel

Runtime 103 minutes

That Obscure Object of Desire (1977)

France

Director Luis Buñuel

Runtime 104 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2021

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A)
Berlin: Narratives of metropolitan transition and national unity
Authors: Zitzlsperger Ulrike
Published: September 2021

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the reunification of Germany in 1990 profoundly changed the role of Berlin. The move of the capital from Bonn to Berlin was to take nearly a decade. In the process, the complex national agenda of reunification was projected onto a city rich in meaningful landmarks and cultural developments. In the 1990s, carefully orchestrated building and marketing strategies focused on urban revival at select locations, including the new government quarter and Potsdamer Platz. Today, however, 1990s Berlin is remembered for the contemporary countercultures that serve to epitomize the city’s creativity over time. This article explores how Berlin developed post-Wall narratives of new beginnings that affirmed a sense of identity well beyond that of the role of national capital.
Leaving the group: Bologna as an urban mythscape for 1990s Italian youth
Authors: Brioni Cecilia
Published: September 2021

Since the end of the 1970s, Bologna has represented an ‘urban mythscape’ for left-wing subcultural youth in the Italian cultural imaginary. This article examines representations of spaces of encounter and conflict for young people in Bologna in Silvia Ballestra’s La guerra degli Antò () and Enrico Brizzi’s Jack Frusciante è uscito dal gruppo (). Set in the 1990s, these novels mark a significant change in Bologna’s urban mythscape, in that they do not refer back to the 1970s like the majority of cultural representations of youth set in Bologna. The protagonists’ desire to ‘leave society’ and withdraw into private spaces reflects an evolution in representations of Italian subcultural youth, which mirrors the emergence of Italian ‘Generation X’ and their experience of social and political commitment.
The potential of sperm bovine protamine as a protein marker of semen production and quality at the National Artificial Insemination Center of Indonesia
Authors: Pardede Berlin Pandapotan , Maulana Tulus , Kaiin Ekayanti Mulyawati , Agil Muhammad , Karja Ni Wayan Kurniani , Sumantri Cece , Supriatna Iman
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Protamine (PRM) is the major protein in the sperm nucleus and plays an essential role in its normal function. Moreover, PRM has great potential as a protein marker of semen production and quality. This study aimed to assess the potential of sperm bovine PRM as a protein marker of semen production and quality in bulls at the National Artificial Insemination (AI) Center of Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: The semen production capacity of each bull was collected from frozen semen production data at the Singosari AI Center for 6 months, and was then divided into two groups (high and low). A total of 440 frozen semen straws from six Limousin (LIM), six Friesian Holstein (FH), six Peranakan Ongole (PO), and four Aceh bulls aged 4-5 years were used in the study. The frozen semen was used to measure the concentration of PRM1, PRM2, and PRM3 using the enzyme immunoassay method. The frozen semen was also used to assess the quality of the semen, including progressive motility (PM) through computer-assisted semen analysis, sperm viability through eosin–nigrosin analysis, and the DNA fragmentation index through Acridine Orange staining.

Results: PRM1 was significantly higher in all bull breeds included in the study (p<0.00), followed by PRM2 (p<0.00) and PRM3 (p<0.00). PRM1 significantly affected semen production in LIM, FH, PO, and Aceh bulls (p<0.05). Moreover, PRM2 significantly affected semen production only in FH and Aceh bulls (p<0.05), whereas PRM3 affected this parameter in PO and Aceh bulls exclusively (p<0.05). Consistently and significantly, PRM1 was positively correlated with the PM and viability of sperm and negatively associated with its DNA fragmentation in LIM, FH, PO, and Aceh bulls (p<0.05; p<0.01). The correlation analysis between PRM2 and PRM3 and semen quality parameters varied across all bull breeds; some were positively and negatively correlated (p<0.05; p<0.01), and some were not correlated at all.

Conclusion: PRM1 has excellent potential as a protein marker of semen production and quality in bulls at the National AI Center of Indonesia.
TOURISM, BASIC EDUCATION AND UNIVERSITY EXTENSION: A REPORT OF EXPERIENCE
Authors: Jesus Jislane Oliveira de , Santos Estefan Araujo dos , Leal Rosana Eduardo da Silva
Published: September 2021

Extension actions and projects can help maintain the relationship between the university and society, in order to meet the needs of the external community, maintaining connections with social demands, public policies and diverse social movements in order to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. The project UFS de Braços Abertos, which is linked to the course in Tourism, is one such project. It offers guided tours for visiting elementary and high school students to the university campus, in order to present the university, its courses, the services offered, and the research and extension projects developed, creating a closer relationship between higher education and basic education. Based on this premise, this work analyzes the relationship between tourism, university extension and basic education, through the guided tours conducted as part of the UFS de Braços Abertos project, focusing on specifically on the participation of the Executive Secretarial course. In terms of approach to the problem, this study used qualitative research. The methodological procedures adopted were bibliographic research, and interviews with the head of the Executive Secretarial department and students of the course. We also sought to identify the perceptions of lecturers of the Executive Secretarial course in relation to the importance of the project, and the visits by school students to the University. The project helps to demystify the widely held perception, among students in basic education, that attending a federal university is a distant reality. The school students often arrive with this view, but after the visit, they are able to understand more how this universe works, and can dream of applying for place at university when they leave school. The report of experience presented clearly shows the important role of the UFS de Braços Abertos project, not only for the school students who may enter the university in the future, but also for students of the Tourism and Executive Secretarial courses, as it gives them an opportunity to promote and publicize the courses, stimulating the curiosity of the visiting students and showing them more about the respective professions, which can help them make future career choices.
Slaba vest in izgorelost medicinskih sester v enotah intenzivne nege in terapije
Authors: Šajn Lekše Saša , Drnovšek Rok , Žibert Alenka , Milavec Kapun Marija
Published: September 2021

Uvod: Vest je večdimenzionalni koncept, zaradi katerega se medicinska sestra more zavedati manj kakovostne oskrbe bolnika in lastnih omejitev. Delovanje v nasprotju z lastno vestjo lahko vodi v izgorelost. Namen raziskave je bil prikazati povezanost bremena vesti in izgorelosti med zaposlenimi v intenzivni zdravstveni negi.Metode: Izvedena je bila presečna raziskava na priložnostnem vzorcu 46 medicinskih sester. Uporabljen je bil vprašalnik Stress of Conscience (slovensko »Slaba vest«). Vprašalnik je pokazal visoko notranjo skladnost (Cronbach α = 0,875). Podatki so bili zbrani v decembru 2017 in obdelani s programsko opremo IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Analizirani so bili z opisno in bivariatno statistiko. Uporabljeni so bili Fisherjev natančni test, T-test dveh neodvisnih vzorcev oziroma Mann-Whitneyev U-test ter enosmerna ANOVA.Rezultati: Starost in spol statistično značilno vplivata na breme vesti (p = 0,048 za starost oziroma p = 0,005 za spol). Statistično značilnih vplivov spola, starosti, trajanja zaposlitve ali izobrazbe na prisotnost števila simptomov izgorelosti raziskava ni pokazala. Z izgorelostjo je najbolj povezan (r = 0,503, p < 0,001) vpliv delovnega okolja na zasebno življenje.Diskusija in zaključek: Slaba vest je prisotna med medicinskimi sestrami v enotah intenzivne nege in terapije. Medicinskim sestram povzročajo slabo vest številni dejavniki. Raziskava je pokazala, da večje breme vesti povečuje število simptomov izgorelosti. Nadaljnje raziskovalno delo je smiselno usmeriti v zmanjševanje bremena vesti in izgorelosti.
Ukrepi za obravnavo otroka z okužbo zgornjih dihalnih poti
Authors: Cilar Leona , Kegl Barbara , Pajnkihar Majda , Stričević Jadranka , Marčun Varda Nataša , Klanjšek Petra
Published: September 2021

Uvod: Okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti so pri otrocih pogoste ter so tudi pogost razlog za opustitve šolanja, obisk zdravnika in nepotrebne stroške zdravstva. Namen raziskave je pregledati, analizirati in sintetizirati obstoječo literaturo s področja ukrepov pri zdravstveni obravnavi otrok z okužbo zgornjih dihalnih poti.Metode: Uporabili smo opisno metodo dela. Iskanje literature je potekalo v obdobju od decembra 2019 do januarja 2020 v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah Medline in CINAHL. Potek iskanja in analize literature je prikazan s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Zadetke smo analizirali glede na karakteristike raziskav in razvrstili glede na raven dokaza. Rezultate smo sintetizirali s pomočjo vsebinske analize.Rezultati: Izmed 1.845 identificiranih zadetkov smo v končno analizo vključili 18 zadetkov. Identificirali smo 10 kategorij: znanje, prepoznavanje okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti, predpisovanje in uporaba antibiotikov, uporaba nepredpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v bolnišnici, socialna izolacija, nedokazan uspeh zdravila, dejavnosti zdravstvenih delavcev za preprečevanje ali zdravljenje okužb zgornjih dihalnih poti, obravnava, osredotočena na otroka in starše. Identificirali smo tri kategorije: zdravstvena vzgoja,  zdravljenje in ukrepi za izboljšanje zdravstvene obravnave, zdravstvena nega in oskrba.Diskusija in zaključek: Za kakovostno zdravstveno obravnavo otrok z okužbami zgornjih dihalnih poti je potreben pristop, ki je usmerjen k otroku in družini, je celosten ter varen. Ukrepi pri interdisciplinarni zdravstveni obravnavi otrok morajo temeljiti na znanstvenih dokazih. Poleg ustreznega zdravljenja in ukrepov je pomembno, da izvajamo tudi izobraževanje otrok in staršev.
Priorities for the Internationalization of Regional Universities in Japan (On the Example of the Aomori Prefecture)
Authors:   Pacific National University, Lamasheva Yuliya
Published: September 2021

The subject of the research is internationalization priorities of regional universities in Aomori Prefecture (Japan). The purpose is to point to the differences in approaches depending on specialization of base city and university ownership. The main method is comparative analysis of data from official webpages of three major universities in Aomori Prefecture. As a result, state university in cultural and historical city leans towards educational exchanges in humanities; private university in industrial city gives priority to international collaboration in technical sciences; and municipal university in administrative city attracts researchers and representatives of arts
Neki metodološki problemi u savremenom istraživanju socijalnih femininativa u srpskom jeziku
Authors: Tomić Svetlana
Published: September 2021

This work critically examines some epistemological problems of the institutionalized public knowledge of Serbian lingustics and the knowledge of the opposed groups of social and feminist linguists. It also provides attention to some relevant studies of feminine derivational sufixes in the Serbo-Croatian and Croatian language. Under consideration are some crucial methodological issues such as supporting a claim, reliability of evidence, presenting disagreement among sources, and research ethos. The research contributes to the fuller understanding of the problem of social femininatives and to enlarging the types of reference sources. It suggests the need of thorough diachronic and interdisciplinary research which would look at different centuries and show the correlation between macsculine and feminine sufixes, the chronological activisation and geographical distribution of social femininatives, their productivity, archaization and extinction, as well as the newest proposals.
UCZNIÓW CUDZOZIEMCÓW METODĄ SŁUCHANIA (POZIOM ŚREDNIOZAAWANSOWANY)
Authors: Derba Switłana
Published: September 2021

W artykule omówiono podstawowe zasady rozwoju umiejętności komunikacyjnych studentów zagranicznych z wykorzystaniem słuchu. Ten rodzaj pracy jest dziś niezwykle istotny, ponieważ współcześni studenci często używają różnych środków technicznych do nauki. Mogą to być elementy zarówno monologu, jak i mowy dialogicznej. Celem pracy jest określenie warunków kształtowania się umiejętności komunikacyjnych metodą słuchania oraz określenie podstawowych zasad pracy z obcokrajowcami podczas słuchania różnych tekstów. Ostatecznym celem opanowania języka ukraińskiego przez zagranicznych studentów jest wykształcenie podstawowych umiejętności komunikacyjnych. To umiejętność mówienia jest zautomatyzowanym składnikiem świadomej działalności człowieka. Takie zdolności kształtują się w wyniku wykonywania ćwiczeń przed odsłuchaniem materiału audio i po tej czynności. Po wysłuchaniu zapraszamy studentów zagranicznych do wykonania określonych zadań w celu sprawdzenia kompletności, dokładności i dogłębności zrozumienia materiału. Cała ta praca ma jeden cel – komunikację. Głównym zadaniem nauczyciela językaukraińskiego jako obcego jest nauczenie uczniów swobodnego, jasnego wyrażania swoich myśli.
STYLISTYCZNA POLIFONICZNOŚĆ NOWELISTYKI WOŁODYMYRA NAZARENKI
Authors: Daszko Natalia
Published: September 2021

Artykuł analizuje nowele ze zbioru Mechaniczne jajko W. Nazarenki w celu zdefiniowania specyfiki stylistycznej maniery pisarza. Brak jednolitego stanowiska badaczy w tej kwestii i toczące się na ten temat dyskusje potwierdzają zasadność podjęcia wskazanej w temacie problematyki. W wyniku badań przeprowadzonych na tle współczesnej ukraińskiej nowelistyki oraz za pomocą metod – filologicznej, porównawczej, opisowej, analizy komponentowej i semantycznej stwierdzono, iż w nowelach prozaika współwystępują elementy różnych stylów: gotyku, hermetyzmu, medytacji, surrealizmu. Artystyczny świat nowel W. Nazarenki charakteryzuje atmosfera tajemniczości spotęgowana odpowiednią symboliką, splotem świata realnego i nierzeczywistego, wyobcowaniem bohaterów, zdystansowaniem się od tła społeczno-kulturowego, refleksją nad problemami egzystencjalnymi. Kontaminacja wskazanych wyżej cech pozwala mówić o stylistycznej polifoniczności nowel W. Nazarenki.
EGZYSTECJALNY WYMIAR POWIEŚCI WIERSZOWANEJ LINY KOSTENKO MARUSIA CZURAJ
Authors: Jankowska Żanna
Published: September 2021

Powieść wierszowana Marusia Czuraj Liny Kostenko jest w kulturze ukraińskiej zjawiskiem wyjątkowym i ma nieograniczony potencjał badawczy. Artykuł powstał z okazji 90. urodzin L. Kostenko. Aktualność studium wynika z niedostatecznej analizy poruszonego zagadnienia: dotychczas egzystencjalne wymiary wspomnianego utworu były omawiane tylko fragmentarycznie lub okazjonalnie. Celem pracy jest analiza egzystencjalnych założeń utworu literackiego na przykładzie losów bohaterki Marusi Czurajówny. Kierunek badania to językoznawstwo, filozofia literatury. Opierając się na metodologii egzystencjalizmu zaproponowanej przez duńskiego myśliciela S. Kierkegaarda (później rozwiniętej przez A. Camusa, J.P. Sartre’a itp.), można stwierdzić, że analizowana powieść i szczególnie jej protagonistka noszą wyraźne znamiona egzystencjalności, odzwierciedlającej ich głęboką wewnętrzną filozoficzność. W zasadzie można mówić o paradygmacie egzystencji Marusi Czurajówny, który kształtuje jej duchowość, a także unikalny pogląd na życie (jako „Ja”-w-sobie) poprzez takie kategorie, jak: miłość/zdrada/ból/samotność (inność)/śmierć.
Three-dimensional metallic carbon allotropes with superhardness
Authors: Fan Qingyang , Liu Heng , Jiang Li , Zhang Wei , Song Yanxing , Wei Qun , Yu Xinhai , Yun Sining
Published: September 2021

Three novel three-dimensional orthorhombic carbon phases are proposed based on first-principles calculations in this work. These phases possess dynamic stability and mechanical stability and are theoretically more favorable in energy compared to most other carbon allotropes. The hardness levels of oP-C16, oP-C20, and oP-C24 are 47.5, 49.6, and 55.3 GPa, respectively, which are greater than those of T10, T18, and O12 carbon. In addition, although oP-C16, oP-C20, and oP-C24 are metals, their ideal shear strengths are also greater than those of common metals such as Cu, Fe, and Al. Due to p

y
electrons crossing the Fermi level, oP-C16, oP-C20, and oP-C24 show metallicity, and their charge densities of the band decomposition suggest that all the conductive directions of oP-C16, oP-C20, and oP-C24 are exhibited along the a- and b-axis, similar to C5.
Research progress on individual effect of graphene oxide in cement-based materials and its synergistic effect with other nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Chen Fulian , Wu Yuyou , Zheng Zhoulian , Yang Jingwei , Yang Bo , Yang Jiangying , Hui David , Luo Yuanbing
Published: September 2021

Poor crack resistance, high brittleness, and poor toughness are inherent limitations of traditional cement-based materials. Besides, cement-based materials have certain shortcomings in energy consumption and environmental protection. Therefore, improving the performance of cement-based materials becomes a hot topic in related research. At the same time, the development of nanomaterials and technologies provides researchers with a new research idea: to enhance the performance of cement-based materials at the nanoscale level. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most representative nano-reinforcements. Due to its high surface area and excellent physical properties, GO has a surprising effect on improving the performance of cement-based materials. In addition, nanosilica (NS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent improvement on cement-based materials, and people also hope to further improve the performance of cement-based materials through the interaction of various nanomaterials. In this paper, the influence of GO on cement-based materials is reviewed by consulting a lot of correlative literature, mainly focusing on the following aspects: (i) The dispersion of GO in cement paste. (ii) The influence of GO on the properties of cement-based materials, including working performance, mechanical strength, microstructural characteristics, and durability. (iii) The effect of nanohybrid materials of GO, NS, and CNTs on cement-based materials, and the synergistic effects of various nanomaterials are reviewed for the first time. (iv) Evaluation of current progress. This paper aims to provide guidance for the study and application of GO-modified cement-based materials and nanohybrid materials.
Catalytic defense against fungal pathogens using nanozymes
Authors: Qingzhi Wu , Zou Sijia , Wang Qian , Chen Lei , Yan Xiyun , Gao Lizeng
Published: September 2021

Fungal infections are still a major challenge for clinics, resulting from the resistance of drug-resistant fungi and the toxicity of antifungal drugs. Defense against fungal invasions via enzymatic catalysis has been found in nature. The use of nanozymes, as artificial enzyme mimics, may be a promising strategy to induce fungal death due to their advantages such as tunable catalytic activity, high stability, low cost, and easy preparation. Here, the importance of natural enzymes in the defense against fungi is outlined. The progress in antifungal performance and potential application of nanozymes and the related antifungal mechanisms are also summarized. Finally, the perspective and challenges in this field for future study, pointing out that nanozyme-based catalytic therapy represents a promising alternative strategy for antifungal treatment, are highlighted.
Enantiomeric purity deviations of radiolabelled amino acids obtained from chiral columns
Authors: Fedorova Olga , Nadporojskii Michail , Krasikova Raisa
Published: September 2021

Enantiomeric purity (EP) is an important value which denotes the relative percentage of the L-isomer with respect to the D-isomer. For 11C and 18F-labelled amino acid (AA) radiopharmaceutical (RP) production, EP represents a quality control parameter specified in European and national monographs for particular RPs. In most instances, EP value of greater then 90 or 95% (depending on AA type) is required as part of the quality control (QC) value of a RP following radiosynthesis. In common practice, two chromatographic columns are used for the EP determination of RPs: Crownpak CR(+) (Daicel), which contains a crown ether stationary phase or Chirobiotic T (Astec), which contains silica-bound glycoproteins as the stationary phase. The application of column Crownpak CR(+) requires that only perchloric acid solution (with pH 1–2) may be used, as the retention capability of the stationary phase is greatly reduced using organic solvents. This work intends to identify which chromatographic system is more accurate and reliable for EP determination as part of QC. We performed a series of parallel injections of the same batch of the widely used AA RPs [11C]MET and [18F]FET on the two aforementioned columns. The EP determination using column Crownpak CR(+) consistently provided a lower EP value compared to the Chirobiotic T column; the EP deviation between the respective columns was found to range from 2.4–4.0% for the same RP sample. Furthermore, the EP value was influenced by a sample’s dilution factor, e.g. the EP was observed to increase up to 1.5% when the radioactive sample had a fivefold dilution factor. This phenomenon was consistent for both Crownpak CR(+) and Chirobiotic T columns. Finally, a series of standard solutions of non-radioactive methionine with various ratios of L-and D-isomers was analyzed. The data obtained for non-radioactive methionine confirmed that column Crownpak CR(+) incorrectly provided a higher D-enantiomer concentration, whereas Chirobiotic T was found to provide a lower D-enantiomer concentration of the same sample. The deviation from the theoretical EP value was between 0.67 and 1.92%.
Beryllium oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and thermoluminescence evaluation for gamma radiation detection
Authors: Faraji Shadi , Feizi Shahzad , Sabouri Dodaran Amir Abbas , Alipour Anita , Ashtari Parviz , Sharbatdaran Masoumeh
Published: September 2021

In this study, beryllium oxide nanoparticles (BeO NPs) were synthesized by polymer-gel method with schlenk line. The products were then assessed using FESEM, TGA/DSC, XRD and BET analyses. The quality of two nanooxides, that were calcined at 700 and 800 °C, was studied and compared with bulk BeO particles. The results showed that nanoparticles calcined at 800 °C were more uniform and had ellipsoidal morphology with a particle size of ∼35 nm. Investigation thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of BeO NPs showed that with the decreasing exposed dose/increasing the BeO particle size, TL peaks were observed at higher temperatures. The intensities of glow curves increase linearly with the increasing absorbed dose in the range of 0.001 mGy–1000 Gy. Various other studies including response fading, minimum temperature and minimum time for annealing, and response changes in repeatability cycles of dosimeter also approved the ability of the prepared BeO NPs for use in gamma radiation dosimetry.