bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Effect of Retraining Courses on the Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Health Workers in the Field of Malaria
Authors: Sarabi Roghaye Ershad , Mohammadi Rafigh Dehvari , Arbabisarjou Aziollah
Published: July 2021

Background: Malaria is considered one of the most important parasitic diseases in Iran. With regard to malaria, Sistan and Baluchestan province ranks first among the country's provinces. Aim: To investigate the impact of education on malaria knowledge, attitude and behavior among health workers working in Saravan city health center. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental study of before and after clinical trial type that was performed on 73 health workers in Saravan city. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the required data. It consisted of two parts: the first part was dedicated to demographic data and the second part was about the knowledge, attitude and performance of health workers regarding malaria. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by an expert panel. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.85). Before the start of the training, the questionnaires were given to the health workers. The trainings were presented in 49 one-hour sessions by the experts of the headquarters of Saravan Health Center in Behvarzi Center using lectures and pamphlets. One month after the training, the same questionnaires were filled in by health workers. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of health workers in the areas of knowledge, attitude and performance increased significantly after the workshop (p=0.001) so that the participants' knowledge score increased from 26.06 to 56.7. In terms of attitude, their score increased from 7.2 to 17.7, and in terms of performance, participants' score increased from 13 to 32. Conclusions: The findings revealed that the implementation of educational programs in the field of malaria can increase the level of knowledge, attitude and performance of the community regarding the preventive behaviors of malaria. Therefore, health system officials are recommended to work toward the amelioration of the knowledge, attitude and performance of the health workers. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, performance, health workers, malaria, retrainin
The effect of ear acupressure medicine at the “Shen Men” point on the nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
Authors: Nehbandani Sanaz , Salehi Hajar , Keikhaie Khadijerezaie , Ghalenow Hossein Rashki , Mirzaie Fatemeh , Badakhsh Mahin
Published: July 2021

Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that more than 85% of pregnant women experience. However, controlling and treating this complication is still one of the most important issues in antenatal care. Aim: To investigate the effect of ear acupressure at Shen Men point on relieving nausea, vomiting and retchingduring pregnancy. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 16 weeks attending the health clinics ofZabol city during 2019-2020 were studied in two control and intervention groups (n = 50 in each group). The samples in the intervention group weretrained to apply pressure ontheirears’Shen Men point with the thumb for three minutes three times a day (morning, noon, and night), for a duration of one month. At the end of second and fourth weeks, the data were collected using the Rhodes index form and then, were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gestational age, occupation and education. The difference in the mean scores of nausea, vomiting and retching was not statistically significant between the control and intervention groups before the study. But four weeks after the study, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching between the two groups, so that the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: The ear acupressure medicine at the Shen men point can be used as a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive method to relieve nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Keywords :Acupressure medicine, Shen Men, Vomiting, Pregnancy, Nausea, Retching, Rhodosis
A SEMIÓTICA DO “FIO” E DAS “MISSANGAS” NA FICÇÃO DE MIA COUTO: A METÁFORA ASSIMÉTRICA ENTRE OS SEXOS
Authors: Flauzino de Matos Edinaldo
Published: July 2021

No presente artigo busca-se compreender a cisão entre a tradição e a modernidade na obra de Mia Couto, intitulada: O fio das missangas, na qual o escritor numa perspectiva semiótica descreve os conflitos de gêneros, isto é, entre os sexos, cuja associação metafórica e simbólica infere-se ao fio versus às missangas. A leitura interpretativa apresenta um recorte analítico com ênfase nas epígrafes do livro e no temático conto: “O fio e as missangas” contíguos às inúmeras recorrências do assunto em outros contos da coletânea. Na composição dessa análise, evoca-se autores e estudos que, de algum modo, corroboram para a efetiva interpretação proposta. Assim, é concluso que o ajuizamento analítico conjecture sentidos polissêmicos nas histórias de vidas de homens e mulheres que incidem da cultura de um povo, das diásporas e de um período longo de escravidão africana em Moçambique.
The Digital Etiquette Enhancing to Global Citizenship of Social Studies Teachers in a New Normal Society
Authors: Mangkhang Charin , Kaewpanya Nitikorn
Published: July 2021

The world is transforming into a post-digital society, as a result, people gain the freedom to communicate, share values and knowledge in a society without borders. The virtual world has become a social interaction space while being integrated to enhance the life quality of citizens in many organizations, such as online class management, health management, and poverty alleviation. From the current circumstances, numerous online users still lack responsibility in handling social media which can cause widespread impact. The study of the digital etiquette of world citizens in a new normal society will provide good practice for effective use of the online space in the digital world of global citizens.
The Influence of ‘Say on Pay’ on Excessive Executive Compensation in the UK and the US
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wu Yunjie
Published: July 2021

Along with the separation of ownership and control in modern companies, the agency problem between shareholders and managers has become a core issue in corporate law. In recent decades, there was a trend of increasing executive compensation in many countries, which led to shareholders’ dissatisfaction and social concerns about the income gap. Since directors did not effectively solve the problem of excessive executive remuneration, many countries introduced the advisory shareholder vote on the remuneration report (‘Say on Pay’). It is a new mechanism that allows shareholders to vote on executive remuneration. After it was first introduced in the UK, many other countries including the US adopted ‘Say on Pay’ to relieve the problem of excessive executive remuneration. However, there is an ongoing debate about whether ‘Say on Pay’ has a meaningful influence on excessive executive compensation. Some believe that shareholder voting results lead directors to create better executive remuneration plans. Others argue that ‘Say on Pay’ contributes little to solving this problem. It is therefore essential to analyse the effects of ‘Say on Pay’ on solving the excessive executive remuneration problem in the UK and the US. This essay will analyse several arguments related to the influence of ‘Say on Pay’ on excessive executive compensation in order to demonstrate the reasons why ‘Say on Pay’ contributes little to solving the excessive executive remuneration problem in the UK and the US.
The Relationship Between Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS) Levels and Skeletal Maturation Parameters Before and During Pubertal Growth Spurt in Children
Authors: Sultana Tahseen , Sarada Penmetcha , Srinivas Namineni , Reddy C H Sampath , Kumar S Ojass , Hasanuddin Shaik
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the skeletal maturation by using salivary DHEAS levels and its correlation with existing skeletal maturity parameters represented by cervical vertebrae and MP3 region radiographs in adolescents in pre-pubertal and pubertal age groups. Methods: In this study, 80 children in the age range of 8 - 14 years were divided into two equal groups based on their chronological age as group I (pre-pubertal group) and group II (pubertal group). Pre-existing lateral cephalograms and medial phalanx of third finger (MP3) radiographs of their left hands were assessed. The levels of the DHEAS of each individual were analysed by ELISA kit. ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test and student t-test were used for statistical analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean level of DHEAS values shown in the present study was 4.36 +/- 0.32 ng/mL in group I and 5.73+/-0.39 ng/mL in group II. This study showed that in group I, more subjects were in stage 1 of cervical vertebral maturation than stage 2 and there were significant differences between the two stages (P-value = 0.011); also, in group II, more subjects were in stage 3 than 4 and there were significant differences between the two stages (P-value = 0.017). This study revealed the highest salivary DHEAS levels to be in the F stage of pre-pubertal MP3 development in addition to the H stage of MP3 development in pubertal children. This study noted that there were significant differences for salivary DHEAS levels between males and females not only in pre-pubertal (P-value = 0.031), but also in pubertal stages (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Salivary DHEAS, like cervical vertebra and MP3 radiographs, can be used for growth assessment in young adolescents.
A Rare Case of Vasculitis ANCA of Bladder and Urethra Providing to Vesicovaginal Fistula and Early Recurrence of Illness
Authors: Gawlik-Jakubczak Teresa
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Vasculitis of the bladder and urethra is a rare disease. Its presentation, as a pelvis tumor, indicates the cancerous nature of the lesion. An incorrect diagnosis can result in the removal of the bladder. Case Presentation: We described a 56-year-old woman (born in 1964) with a vesicovaginal fistula, which arose from vasculitis ANCA. Establishing the correct diagnosis was a long and complicated process. During diagnosis, a urogenital fistula was created due to the deepening of inflammatory necrotic lesions. Remission was achieved by pharmacological treatment. As a result, fistula surgical treatment became possible. An unexpected relapse of vasculitis was diagnosed based on the bladder emptying symptoms. Repeating the treatment resulted in a complete response. Eventually, we obtained a cure of regional vasculitis while maintaining the bladder and urethra, which translated into an increased quality of life for the patient. Conclusions: Correct diagnosis before surgery is of crucial importance. Combined pharmacology and surgery prevents removal of the bladder. Careful observation of symptoms allowed for the early detection of recurrent vasculitis.
Cardiac Dysfunction in a Child with Severe Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Altizani Gabriela Marengone , Barszcz Karin , Brentini Laura Cardoso , Morikawa Karina Amelia , Cintra Kelly Luisa , Manso Paulo Henrique
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Albeit most children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild respiratory symptoms, similar cases of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome increased at the end of April 2020 worldwide. Systemic inflammatory involvement characterizes these cases and is part of the spectrum of a SARS-CoV-2-related syndromes called multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Case Presentation: We report the case of a child with severe cardiovascular impairment due to MIS-C who developed cardiogenic shock secondary to acute myocarditis. The pathophysiology of myocardial outcomes caused by MIS-C remains unclear. Conclusions: We intend to contribute to new prospective studies on the early diagnosis, clinical management, and follow-up of patients with severe cardiovascular impairment secondary to infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Sleep Quality and Fatigue in Women with Overactive Bladder: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Shokouhi Nasim , Saedi Nafiseh , Mohseni Mona , Feizabad Elham , Saeedi Sara , Miri Ashtiani Elaheh
Published: July 2021

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, a condition with urgency, is often characterized by increased daytime frequency and nocturia. Overactive bladder is a highly prevalent condition that drastically impacts the quality of patients’ life. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate sleep disturbance and fatigue in women with OAB by reliance on two validated questionnaires. Methods: This case-control study was performed among 70 patients recognized with OAB and 70 women in a control group. We employed validated questionnaires, namely Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), to comparatively assess sleep disturbance and fatigue symptoms, respectively. Results: The participants’ mean age was 44.50 ± 12.64 years old. The mean PSQI score was 13.24 ± 3.67 (range: 6 to 22), and the mean FSS score was 39.05 ± 15.12 (range: 9 to 63). Furthermore, the mean scores of PSQI (P < 0.001) and FSS (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in OAB women compared to the control group. In women with OAB, there was a significant positive correlation (P = 0.007) between PSQI and FSS scores. Furthermore, this correlation was observed between urgency urinary incontinence at night and PSQI (P = 0.047) and sleep disturbance (P = 0.023) and between nocturia and sleep efficiency (P = 0.012), sleep disturbance (P = 0.001), sleep latency (P = 0.007), and FSS score (P = 0.032). In addition, a significant direct correlation (P = 0.022) was found between urgency urinary incontinence during the day and daytime dysfunction. Conclusions: The study shows that sleep disorder is common in patients with OAB, and it seems that urinary problem assessment is a prerequisite for any sleep medication prescription.
Melanoma: Staging and Follow-Up
Authors: Papageorgiou Chryssoula , Apalla Zoe , Manoli Sofia-Magdalini , Lallas Konstantinos , Vakirlis Efstratios , Lallas Aimilios
Published: July 2021

Cancer staging is the process determining to which extent a cancer has spread and where it is located in the body. A thorough staging is of utmost importance, not only because it provides the most accurate prognostic estimation, but also because several crucial decisions, such as the treatment choice and the follow-up strategy, vary according to the tumor’s stage. The current staging system for melanoma is based on the 8th edition of TNM classification issued by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2017. It includes a clinical and a pathological staging, both consisting of 5 stages (0-IV). The stage of a melanoma is determined by several factors, among which the Breslow thickness, the pathological presence or absence of ulceration in the primary tumor, the presence and the number of tumor-involved regional lymph nodes, the presence or absence of in-transit, satellite and/or microsatellite metastases, and the presence of distant metastases. Following melanoma diagnosis, an accurate medical workup, in line with the stage and the physical examination, should be performed. A continuous patient monitoring is fundamental to detect a potential relapse or a second primarymelanoma and should be lifelong. However, there is still no universally adopted follow-up strategy program and different follow-up schemes have been suggested. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate different follow-up protocols according to the adopted therapy, as novel recent therapies (targeted and immunotherapies) are being increasingly used.
Current Landscape and Open Questions on Adjuvant Therapies in Melanoma
Authors: De Falco Vincenzo , Napolitano Stefania , Guerrera Luigi Pio , Troiani Teresa
Published: July 2021

Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that is frequently diagnosed at early stages. In most cases, surgical resection is curative. In case of thicker melanomas (> pT1b) without clinical or instrumental evidence of metastasis, a sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended for staging purposes. If the lymph nodes are the only site of disease (macroscopic or microscopic> 1mm), configuring stage III, the international guidelines recommend the use of adjuvant therapy with checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) or targeted therapies (dabrafenib plus trametinib). These drugs have shown a significant increase in recurrence-free survival, although some doubts and open questions remain. Specifically, none of the available treatments has shown a clear benefit in the overall survival rates, the advantages they give in stage IIIA are not well known, and finally there are still no prospective clinical studies identifying the best approach to continue the therapeutic process in case of relapse. Furthermore, there are new opportunities opening up with the upcoming results of the neoadjuvant trials that could revolutionize the treatment of clinically evident stage III melanoma.
Victimhood in Bataille‘s Reading of Sade and in Popular Sovereignty
Authors: Griffith James ,   DePaul University
Published: July 2021

This article reveals three aspects of victimhood in Bataille’s reading of Sade (of the other, of the self, and Sade’s language) and relates them to some of Bataille’s metaphysical and political notions: the impossible, the general and the restricted economy, sovereignty, and transgression. Doing so shows a progressive simplification of possibilities for transgression from the pre-Christian world to that of popular sovereignty, i.e., the sovereignty of the crowd, the latter leaving open one avenue for transgression: Sadean victimhood. The article then applies these aspects to the pamphlet in Sade’s Philosophy in the Boudoir, “Frenchmen, Some More Effort If You Wish to Become Republicans,” in relation to a contemporaneous document of popular sovereignty, the preamble to the Constitution of the Year III, titled “Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and Citizen.” Attending to the aspects of Sadean victimhood in “Effort” shows that its system’s very impossibility makes it the Declaration’s logical completion. Finally, that impossibility is revealed as the sovereignty of the masses, distinct from that of the crowd.
Atuação dos professores de Atendimento Educacional Especializado junto aos estudantes com deficiência durante a pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Queiroz Fernanda Matrigani Mercado Gutierres de , Melo Márcia Helena da Silva
Published: July 2021

A educação inclusiva acolhe a diversidade no ambiente escolar e as ações do Professor do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) são importantes para a efetivação da inclusão dos estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial, que são os que apresentam deficiências, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento ou Altas habilidades/superdotação. Em 2020, as escolas precisaram suspender as aulas presenciais devido à pandemia do COVID-19. Assim, propôs-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de analisar a atuação dos professores do AEE junto aos estudantes com deficiência da Educação Básica durante o período de isolamento social imposto pela pandemia do COVID-19. Este estudo consiste numa pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa e qualitativa desenvolvida por meio da aplicação de questionário virtual junto aos Professores do AEE. Participaram 100 professores do AEE que atuavam na Educação Básica. Nos resultados e discussão deste estudo apresenta-se, primeiramente, o perfil dos professores de AEE participantes e na sequência sua atuação durante o período da pandemia junto aos estudantes e suas famílias, bem como sua atuação em relação às demandas escolares inerentes a função. Os professores demonstraram preocupação que os estudantes mantivessem uma rotina de estudos para sua aprendizagem, bem como, demonstram sensibilidade às dificuldades que muitas famílias enfrentam em relação à internet e equipamentos para as aulas on-line. Buscavam, então, alternativas viáveis em cada realidade para que isso não fosse mais um aspecto de exclusão, diante de tantos obstáculos já enfrentados pelas famílias neste período. Recomenda-se a ampliação de pesquisas com a participação do Professor do AEE em diferentes regiões do país.
Aproximación sociológica al terrorismo global
Authors: Ortega Fernández Diego
Published: July 2021

Con este trabajo realizamos, en primer lugar, un acercamiento polemológico al terrorismo. Para ello analizamos las relaciones entre terrorismo y una serie de factores socioestructurales obtenidos de los índices publicados por distintas organizaciones internacionales: desarrollo humano (DIH-D), pobreza, corrupción, inmigración, etc. Complementariamente, realizamos un perfil descriptivo de una muestra de 667 terroristas cuyos datos han sido obtenidos de los medios de comunicación y bibliografía (fuentes abiertas). El objeto del trabajo es confirmar si, con la utilización de este tipo de fuentes sobre un tema tan complejo como el terrorismo, se pueden obtener resultados coincidentes con estudios realizados sobre el mismo por otros investigadores. Como resultado, nuestras conclusiones han sido coincidentes con estos estudios. Por lo tanto, podemos aportar a la comunidad que se pueden realizar trabajos de investigación sobre temas en los que la disponibilidad de información no es abierta, o es de difícil acceso, apoyándose en la información que circula por internet debidamente contrastada. Entre los resultados obtenidos destacamos que el terrorismo es independiente de la pobreza, pero está relacionado con sociedades de menor desarrollo y con alta percepción de corrupción y de injusticia.
Application of Current Image-Enhanced Endoscopy in Gastric Diseases
Authors: Lee Wansik
Published: July 2021

Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) plays an integral role in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. IEE enables an early and accurate detection of cancer and characterization of lesions prior to therapeutic decisions. Ideal IEE can serve as an optical or digital chromoscopic endoscopy, as well as an optical biopsy that predicts exact histopathology. Several IEE modalities have recently been developed and are used in the clinical field. The stomach is a challenging organ for imaging because of its complex secretion function and status of Helicobacter pylori infection. Therefore, understanding the current IEE modalities for their clinical applicability in an evidence-based approach is warranted. Along with technology refinements, the new paradigm will be available for the diagnosis of gastric cancer or other conditions in the stomach in the near future.
Research Commentary: The Effects of Spacing and Mixing Practice Problems
Authors: Rohrer Doug
Published: July 2021

Sets of mathematics problems are generally arranged in 1 of 2 ways. With blocked practice, all problems are drawn from the preceding lesson. With mixed review, students encounter a mixture of problems drawn from different lessons. Mixed review has 2 features that distinguish it from blocked practice: Practice problems on the same topic are distributed, or spaced, across many practice sets; and problems on different topics are intermixed within each practice set. A review of the relevant experimental data finds that each feature typically boosts subsequent performance, often by large amounts, although for different reasons. Spacing provides review that improves longterm retention, and mixing improves students' ability to pair a problem with the appropriate concept or procedure. Hence, although mixed review is more demanding than blocked practice, because students cannot assume that every problem is based on the immediately preceding lesson, the apparent benefits of mixed review suggest that this easily adopted strategy is underused.
LNG as a Vessel and General Transportation Fuel Developing the Required Supply Infrastructure
Authors: Van Tassel G. W.
Published: July 2021

LNG holds great promise as a transportation fuel making significant reductions in emissions and green house gases. The road to increased use of LNG as a heavy transportation fuel in the U.S. is the development of a coherent LNG supply infrastructure. The existing LNG import terminal infrastructure can be leveraged to implement a safe and reliable fuel supply infrastructure. This paper will discuss the transshipment of LNG, by an AT/B LNG carrier, from existing U.S. LNG import terminals, in a hub and spoke arrangement.
Model for Environmental Assessment of Container Ship Transport
Authors: Holmegaard Kristensen Hans Otto
Published: July 2021

A generic computer model for systematic investigations of container ship designs is described in this paper. The primary statistical data on container ships used for the model development are also presented. The model can be used to calculate exhaust gas emissions from container ships, including emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). A calculation procedure to estimate the newly designated Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), which is under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO), is included in the model. Different ship design parameters have been varied to see the influence of these parameters on the EEDI. It is found possible to reduce EEDI by roughly 20 % without reducing ship speed, but only by changing some of the design parameters, such as reducing the sea margin by using a derated main engine, increasing the length of the ship by 5 %, and reducing steel weight by 3 % via steel weight optimization.
La comunidad de los hombres solos: Mónica Sanders de Salvador Reyes
Authors:   Universidad de Playa Ancha (Chile), González Felipe
Published: July 2021

La novela Mónica Sanders (1951) de Salvador Reyes (1889-1970) tiene como subtexto histórico, por una parte, la decadencia económica del Valparaíso posterior al Crac de 1929 y, por otra, la pujante industria ballenera de Quintay durante los años cuarenta del mismo siglo. Mediante el enlazamiento conceptual de espacio, imaginarios y comunidad, este trabajo destaca una serie de oposiciones y ambivalencias que configuran la estructura ideológica del texto. Mientras en el espacio citadino predomina la comunidad inglesa representada bajo un imaginario decadente y encarnada en el personaje femenino de Mónica Sanders; en el espacio marítimo se despliega una comunidad nórdica bajo un imaginario de vitalidad masculina, afín al tópico vanguardista del “hacerse salvajes”. Se va trazando así un mapa territorial-valorativo, con implicancias de género y nacionalidad, de los distintos sectores y sujetos de Valparaíso, y al menos dos formas de pensar la comunidad.
El Dylan. Bosco Cayo. Santiago: Ediciones Oxímoron, 2019. ISBN: 978-956-9498-27-5. 78 pp.
Authors:   Universidad Finis Terrae, Zurita Federico
Published: July 2021

El drama El Dylan de Bosco Cayo forma parte de la colección “Escena/Teatro Contemporáneo” de Ediciones Oxímoron que incluye títulos como Liceo de niñas (2016) de Nona Fernández, La trágica agonía de un pájaro azul (2017) de Carla Zúñiga, Pompeya (2018) de Gerardo Oettinger, otros tres títulos de Zúñiga y Rabia (2020) de María José Pizarro. El nombre de la colección subraya un intento de que los textos dramáticos publicados hagan referencia a las puestas en escena que, en su naturaleza teatral, contienen muchos más elementos que los propiamente literarios del drama. Esta relación de referencialidad que permite la forma del libro se articula desde una noción de autoría sostenida en el dramaturgo o dramaturga y desde esta figura implícita, con la incorporación de fotografías de las obras de teatro, se busca aludir a lo escénico con el propósito de tomar conciencia de que las actuales formas del drama, en sus eventuales rupturas de la tradición dramático occidental de veinticinco siglos, están determinadas, a su vez, por las rupturas que han experimentado las formas del teatro occidental en los últimos cincuenta años en lo que respecta al rol que cumpliría el texto dramático en la realización de la creación escénica. No es casual que el prólogo de El Dylan esté a cargo de Aliocha de la Sotta, directora de esta obra. En relación con esto, es posible señalar que uno de los eventuales propósitos de esta colección de libros es propiciar la circulación del sistema significante verbal (el texto dramático) que participa, junto a otros sistemas significantes no verbales, de la conformación de algunas de las puestas en escena más relevantes de los últimos cinco años en Chile, considerando la mutua relación de determinación entre las transformaciones del teatro y del drama.
Lecturas de poesía chilena. De Altazor a La Bandera de Chile. María Inés Zaldivar. Santiago: Ediciones UC, 2019. ISBN: 978-956-14-2480-7. 232 pp.
Authors:   University of Notre Dame, Sánchez Ignacio
Published: July 2021

Lecturas de poesía chilena. De Altazor a la Bandera de Chile (2020) de María Inés Zaldívar tiene su propia hoja de ruta, traza sus recorridos, se detiene y avanza en un viaje crítico que contempla paradas en escrituras que van desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta el siglo XXI. La autora dibuja su plan de vuelo —lecturas de poesía chilena— y enuncia los medios con los cuales emprenderá su aventura analítica. El viaje altazoriano, que da inicio a las lecturas poéticas, connota la ruta crítica que enmarca el libro, un recorrido que se hace con una mirada que contempla a la viajera como académica y poeta. Esta doble militancia crítica la impulsa a emprender —cual Altazor— un viaje que la impulsa a aterrizar a fin de mirar con ojos propios su visión sobre la poesía chilena: “compartir un conjunto . . . de mis lecturas sobre poesía chilena del siglo XX e inicios del XXI” (9), esto es, aproximaciones, “lecturas posibles” (Bianchi). La estudiosa, por tanto, traza y recorre un “mapa poético alternativo” (10) que desplaza la “mirada analítica literatosa” (185) para detenerse en el placer del texto, como nos diría Barthes, y no en las “teorías de turno” (10). En efecto, Lecturas… es un viaje poético que privilegia el “cuerpo de la voz” de las textualidades (Masiello) para abandonar la “sordera [y así] apreciar todo aquello que no ha calzado con lo que estamos preparados y dispuestos a oír y valorar como poético” (138). Esta declaración explicita una ética crítica, cuyos principios responden a una responsabilidad para con las voces silenciadas en la poesía chilena, principalmente, las mujeres. El libro consta de quince lecturas que se dividen en dos grandes apartados: “Primera Mitad del Siglo XX” (13-115) y “Segunda Mitad del siglo XX” (127-215), las cuales pueden ser leídas de manera individual o en relación. La autora traza su hoja de ruta, mas los lectores pueden decidir desviarse o tomar atajos.
Poesía joven y fin del siglo XX: contrapuntos entre Perú y Chile a partir de Pista de baile de Martín Rodríguez-Gaona y La insidia del sol sobre las cosas de Germán Carrasco
Authors:   Universidad de Lima, Chueca Luis
Published: July 2021

El artículo revisa los poemarios Pista de baile del peruano Martín Rodríguez-Gaona y La insidia del sol sobre las cosas del chileno Germán Carrasco a fin de establecer un diálogo entre los rasgos de la poesía joven a fines del siglo XX, en ambos países, con los aspectos comunes de sus contextos de producción, a fin de indagar en cómo estos intervinieron en las subjetividades juveniles y cómo se expresaron desde la poesía.
Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision and Blindness among Adult Patients Attending Eye Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Otuka O. A. I. , Ekeleme N. C. , Akaraiwe E. N. , Iwuoha E. C. , Eweputanna L. I. , Kalu A.
Published: July 2021

Background: Low vision and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. They result in educational, occupational, and social challenges in the affected persons. Their care givers/ families are also severely affected. There is however limited data on the magnitude of visual impairment in Aba, South East Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness among adult patients attending eye clinic in a tertiary hospital in South East Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: This was an institutional-based retrospective, descriptive study involving 457 patients who attended Abia State University Teaching Hospital eye clinic between April and September 2018. Data was obtained from patient’s hospital records within the period under study and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of < 0.05.

Results: Data of 457 ophthalmic patients who met the inclusion criteria for this study were analyzed. Mean age of respondents was 48.5 ± 17.7 years. A total 5.4% of the patients had bilateral low vision, while 30.2% and 7% had monocular and bilateral blindness respectively. Cataract-related diagnosis, refractive errors and glaucoma (28.4%, 28.2% and 14.7%) respectively were the major causes of low vision and blindness among the patients. Statistically significant association was found between respondent’s diagnosis and age as well as occupation (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Results from this study will aid in planning low vision & blindness preventive programs and improving eye care services.
The Utilization of Mg-Al/Cu as Selective Adsorbent for Cationic Synthetic Dyes
Authors: Badri Arini Fousty , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Mohadi Risfidian , Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Arsyad Fitri Suryani , Lesbani Aldes
Published: July 2021

Mg-Al-LDH is a chemical compound produced through co-precipitation technique and modified with Cu(NO3)2.6H2O to form Mg-Al/Cu. However, the research on the capability of these compounds for adsorbing mixtures of cationic dyes as well as malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB), and Rodhamine-B (Rh-B) has not been carried out. Therefore, this research aims to determine the performance of Mg-Al-LDH and Mg-Al/Cu for removing cationic dyes. The materials used were characterized by using XRD powder, FT-IR, and N2 adsorption desorption. The Adsorption process was conducted by batch system and several effects were investigated, such as kinetic parameter, isotherm, and the temperature condition. The stability feature of Mg-Al-LDH and Mg-Al/Cu was obtained from the regeneration process in the five cycles. The results presented that Mg-Al/Cu was effectively produced, which was indicated by the formation of layer at 10.792° (003), 22.94° (006), 35.53° (112), 55.78° (110), and  56.59° (116). Mg-Al-LDH and Mg-Al/Cu were found to adsorbed MG than the other cationic dyes with adsorption capacity of 68.996 mg/g and 104.167 mg/g, respectively. The unique properties of Mg-Al/Cu includes, structural stability towards the reuse of adsorbent subsequently for five times, without significant decrease of adsorption capacity. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits 3D Matrigel‐induced vasculogenic mimicry of breast cancer cells via TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Liu Huifen , Wang Hao , Chen Dan , Gu Cuirong , Huang Jianming , Mi Kun
Published: July 2021

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a cellular stress condition involving disturbance in the folding capacity of the ER caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. ER stress signaling pathways affect tumor malignant growth, angiogenesis and progression, and promote the antitumor effects of certain drugs. However, the impact of ER stress on the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) phenotype of cancer cells has not been well addressed. VM is a phenotype that mimics vasculogenesis by forming patterned tubular networks, which are related to stemness and aggressive behaviors of cancer cells. In this study, we used tunicamycin (TM), the unfolded protein response (UPR)‐activating agent, to induce ER stress in aggressive triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, which exhibit a VM phenotype in 3D Matrigel cultures. TM‐induced ER stress was able to inhibit the VM phenotype. In addition to the tumor spheroid phenotype observed upon inhibiting the VM phenotype, we observed alterations in glycosylation of integrin β1, loss of VE‐cadherin and a decrease in stem cell marker Bmi‐1. Further study revealed decreased activated transforming growth factor β1, Smad2/3, Phospho‐Smad2 and β‐catenin. β‐Catenin knockdown markedly inhibited the VM phenotype and resulted in the loss of VE‐cadherin. The data suggest that the activation of ER stress inhibited VM phenotype formation of breast cancer cells via both the transforming growth factor β1/Smad2/3 and β‐catenin signaling pathways. The discovery of prospective regulatory mechanisms involved in ER stress and VM in breast cancer could lead to more precisely targeted therapies that inhibit vessel formation and affect tumor progression.
Nanopoxia: Targeting Cancer Hypoxia by Antimonene‐Based Nanoplatform for Precision Cancer Therapy
Authors: Qiu Meng , Duo Yanhong , Liang Weiyuan , Yang Yunlong , Zhang Bin , Xie Zhongjian , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Guiqing , Xie Ni , Nie Guohui , Alhartomy Omar A. , ALGhamdi Ahmed A. , Wageh Swelm , Cao Yihai , Zhang Han
Published: July 2021

Most anticancer drugs with broad toxicities are systematically administrated to cancer patients and their distribution in tumors is extremely low owing to hypoxia, which compromises the therapeutic efficacies of these cancer drugs. Consequently, a preponderant proportion of cancer drugs is distributed in off‐target‐healthy tissues, which often causes severe adverse effects. Precision cancer therapy without overdosing patients with drugs remains one of the most challenging issues in cancer therapy. Here, a novel concept of nanopoxia is presented, which is a tumor‐hypoxia‐based photodynamic nanoplatform for the release of therapeutic agents to achieve precision cancer therapy. Under tumor hypoxia, exposure of tumors to laser irradiation induces the fracture of polymer outer shell and produces anticancer reactive oxygen species, and switches 2D antimonene (Sb) nanomaterials to cytotoxic trivalent antimony to synergistically kill tumors. In preclinical cancer models, delivery of Sb nanomaterials to mice virtually ablates tumor growth without producing any detectable adverse effects. Mechanistically, the tumor hypoxia‐triggered generation of trivalent antimony displays direct damaging effects on cancer cells and suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Together, the study provides a proof‐of‐concept of hypoxia‐based precision cancer therapy by developing a novel nanoplatform that offers multifarious mechanisms of cancer eradication.
Self‐Cycling Free Radical Generator from LDH‐Based Nanohybrids for Ferroptosis‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Xueting , Wang Li , Guo Shuaitian , Li Ran , Tian Fangzhen , Guan Shanyue , Zhou Shuyun , Lu Jun
Published: July 2021

Nonapoptotic ferroptosis has been a novel form of programmed cell death, which provides a new solution to enrich the anticancer treatment efficacy of traditional apoptotic therapeutic modality. Herein, a novel nanohybrid is designed by loading the PEG‐encapsulated Artemisinin (denoted as A@P) on the ultrathin MgFe‐LDH nanosheets (denoted as uLDHs) for improved chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The A@P/uLDHs cannot only realize the self‐assembly between the Art and carrier but also be regarded as free radical generator. A comprehensive mechanistic study suggests that this unique A@P/uLDHs is able to in situ activate Art and self‐cycling generate toxic C‐centered free radical inside the cancer cells, without depending on abundant H2O2, accompanied with diminished cancerous antioxidation by depleting glutathione (GSH). The accumulation of ROS and depletion of GSH can further oxidize unsaturated fatty acid to generate lipid peroxide, whose overexpression can induce cell ferroptosis accompanied by cellular iron homeostasis turbulence. Both in vitro and in vivo results exhibit that A@P/uLDHs are an efficient nanoagent for highly efficient ferroptosis‐enhanced CDT treatment. This work imparts the promising new visions about the ferroptosis‐enhanced CDT via fine regulation of material design for improved cancer treatments.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) Nanoparticles‐Assisted NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Diagnosis and Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Authors: Fan Xiaoxiao , Xia Qiming , Zhang Yiyin , Li Yirun , Feng Zhe , Zhou Jing , Qi Ji , Tang Ben Zhong , Qian Jun , Lin Hui
Published: July 2021

The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's diseases and ulcerative colitis, is increasing by time and showing a trend of younger age. Precise diagnosis and effective treatments for IBD have attracted growing attention in recent years. However, diagnosing and locating inflammatory lesions remain a great challenge for IBD. In this study, assisted by a kind of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) nanoprobes (BPN‐BBTD nanoparticles [NPs]), the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging is first utilized to accurately trace inflammatory lesions, monitor inflammation severity and detect the response to the drug intervention in IBD mouse models. Through the advantages of high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) and sharp spatial resolution of bio‐imaging in NIR‐II region, the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided surgery can help to achieve a complete resection of severe inflammatory bowls and a secure surgical anastomosis. In addition, with the help of NIR‐II fluorescence wide‐field microscopy, the distribution of BPN‐BBTD NPs can be directly detected in tissue level and found to be mainly accumulated in mucosa and submucosa layers. This study highlights that AIE NPs‐assisted NIR‐II fluorescence imaging hold a great potential value for future diagnosis and imaging‐guided surgery in IBD.
Auto Tandem Catalysis: Asymmetric Vinylogous Cycloaddition/Kinetic Resolution Sequence for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro‐Dihydropyranone from Benzylidene Meldrum's Acid
Authors: Toffano Martial , Guillot Régis , Bournaud Chloée , Brière Jean‐François , Vo‐Thanh Giang
Published: July 2021

A catalytic enantioselective vinylogous domino reaction has been achieved from ketone‐derived benzylidene Meldrum's acid and α‐ketolactones to provide spirolactone dihydropyranones with more than 99% ee. An Auto Tandem Catalysis (ATC) process resulting from dual and complementary role of (DHQ)2PHAL organocatalyst resulted in a sequence involving an asymmetric vinylogous formal (4+2) cycloaddition of benzylidene and the subsequent kinetic resolution operating through a 1,3‐prototropic shift leading to good yields (>50%) and the high selectivity.

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Directing Transition of Synthetic Protocell Models via Physicochemical Cues‐Triggered Interfacial Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Ji Yanglimin , Mu Wenjing , Wu Hua , Qiao Yan
Published: July 2021

As the preliminary synthetic analogs of living cells, protocells with life‐like features serve as a versatile platform to explore the origin of life. Although protocells constructed from multiple components have been developed, the transition of primitive cellular compartments toward structural complexity and advanced function remains a scientific challenge. Herein, a programmable pathway is established to exploit a simple chemistry to construct structural transition of protocell models from emulsion droplets, nanocapsules to molecularly crowded droplets. The transitional process toward distinct cell‐like compartments is driven by interfacial self‐assembly of simple components and regulated by physicochemical cues (e.g., mechanical force, solvent evaporation, acid/base equilibrium) triggered dynamic covalent chemistry. These protocell models are further studied by comparing their compartmentalization behavior, sequestration efficiency, and the ability to enrich biomolecules (e.g., enzyme and substrate) toward catalytic reaction or biological activity within the compartments. The results showcase physiochemical cues‐driven programmable transition of life‐like compartments toward functionalization, and offer a new step toward the design of living soft materials.
Integration of Colloidal Quantum Dots with Photonic Structures for Optoelectronic and Optical Devices
Authors: Chen Mengyu , Lu Lihua , Yu Hui , Li Cheng , Zhao Ni
Published: July 2021

Colloidal quantum dot (QD), a solution‐processable nanoscale optoelectronic building block with well‐controlled light absorption and emission properties, has emerged as a promising material system capable of interacting with various photonic structures. Integrated QD/photonic structures have been successfully realized in many optical and optoelectronic devices, enabling enhanced performance and/or new functionalities. In this review, the recent advances in this research area are summarized. In particular, the use of four typical photonic structures, namely, diffraction gratings, resonance cavities, plasmonic structures, and photonic crystals, in modulating the light absorption (e.g., for solar cells and photodetectors) or light emission (e.g., for color converters, lasers, and light emitting diodes) properties of QD‐based devices is discussed. A brief overview of QD‐based passive devices for on‐chip photonic circuit integration is also presented to provide a holistic view on future opportunities for QD/photonic structure‐integrated optoelectronic systems.
The Hidden Side of Nanoporous β‐Li3PS4 Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Marchini Florencia , Porcheron Benjamin , Rousse Gwenaelle , Albero Blanquer Laura , Droguet Léa , Foix Dominique , Koç Tuncay , Deschamps Michael , Tarascon Jean Marie
Published: July 2021

Solid‐state batteries are enjoying a regained interest owing to the discovery of sulfide‐based solid electrolytes with ionic conductivities comparable to their liquid counterparts. Among them, the metastable β‐Li3PS4 polymorph has attracted great attention given its high room temperature ionic conductivity (≈0.15 mS cm−1) when synthesized via a solvent‐mediated route. However, the origin of such a high conductivity together with its structural interplay remains unclear. Herein, an in‐depth study of the THF‐synthesized nanoporous β‐Li3PS4 is reported. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, NMR, and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of β‐Li3PS4 as the only crystalline phase and also reveal an additional amorphous phase and remnant THF. Moreover, a clear dependence of the ionic conductivity of the material on the relative content of its phases is found, the amorphous one being the most conductive. Lastly, high chemical reactivity is found for the nanoporous β‐Li3PS4 and other phosphosulfide electrolytes toward Li metal, evidenced in the spontaneous ignition when mixed together and further investigated by XRD and XPS. This study, which unveils a hidden side of the THF‐synthesized β‐Li3PS4 and other sulfide solid electrolytes, provides a new insight to the battery community when selecting a proper electrolyte for practical all‐solid state batteries.
Organic composite materials: Understanding and manipulating excited states toward higher light‐emitting performance
Authors: Dong Haiyun , Zhang Chunhuan , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: July 2021

Organic composite materials have been attracting extensive research interest for light‐emitting applications. A wide variety of luminescent organic composite materials have been synthesized, which are of great significance for both the investigation of basic photophysics and the realization of high‐performance photonic devices. Function‐oriented syntheses of luminescent organic composite materials rely on the understanding and manipulating of molecular excited states. In this review, we focus on the discussion about the structure design and dynamics modulation of the electronic excited states in the organic composite materials. The excited‐state structures and dynamics involve singlet/triplet levels, vibronic transition, charge transfer, and energy transfer, and so on, while the light‐emitting behaviors include fluorescence, phosphorescence, persistent luminescence, electroluminescence, and lasing. We aim to give insight into the relationship between light‐emitting properties and excited states of organic composite materials, which is beneficial for reaching higher tiers of design and applications of luminescent organic composite materials.