bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Constrained Drug Dosage Regulation of Acute Inflammation Response Under Disturbances
Authors: Cetin Meric , Beyhan Selami
Published: December 2020

Mathematical modelling of the biological processes, diseases and organs are important for the model-based control of diseases. Due to unmodeled dynamics, unknown and external disturbances, the performance of controllers based on these models are degraded for the accurate control. Therefore, robust controllers are need especially for the applications on patients. Inflammation, the cause of many complex biological phenomena and diseases, is a nonlinear process that is difficult to control. In this paper, continuous-time sliding-mode controller has been designed for the control of acute inflammation response (AIR) and antibacterial drug infusion under external disturbances both for septic and aseptic cases. Sliding-mode controller (SMC) is mostly used to control nonlinear systems against external disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Beside the control signal generation, we propose constraints on the control signals based on the clinical experiences such that the applied control signal is suitable for the health and improves the performance of the controller. Due to the multiple equilibrium point on the behavior of the acute inflammation response, it is difficult to design such model-based controllers without input constraints. In the numerical applications, septic death case and aseptic death case with disturbances are controlled and acceptable performances are obtained for future clinical applications.
Non-Employed People in the Westpfalz Region (Germany) as Target Group of Continuing Higher Education
Authors: Neureuther Jessica , Böhmer Dominik
Published: December 2020

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and especially continuing higher education has an influence on the development of a region. By focusing on demands of the regional economy as well as its population, these data contribute to the demand-oriented development of study programmes. Therefore, continuing higher education at HEIs is getting more attractive and the participation rate can be enlarged. Another aspect could be the identification of new target groups, for example regional minorities. In this paper, the Westpfalz region (Germany) is considered as an example, as it has interesting characteristics, such as the structural weakness and the participation in further education that is below national average. For this purpose, a representative Regional Population Survey was conducted to describe the population of the Westpfalz region and their educational needs. The group of non-employed people stood out in this survey because of their size and their willingness to participate in continuing higher education. In contrast to the traditional target group of employed academics, the results of the survey show that there are similarities and differences referring to their educational requirements. These results provide evidence that helps to develop and design study programmes especially for continuing higher education that take into account the needs of this target group. At the end of the paper, the potential impact this may have for the Westpfalz region is discussed.
Türkiye Yağlık Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) Genetik Kaynaklarının Karakterizasyonu
Authors: ALTUNOK MEMİŞ Ayşegül , TOSUN Muzaffer
Published: December 2020

Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) dünyada ve ülkemizde tohumlarından elde edilen bitkisel yağı için üretilmektedir. Yüksek yağ oranı (% 45-50) ve kalitesiyle dünyada ve ülkemizde ekonomik olarak önemli bir yağ bitkisidir. Orjini Kuzey Amerika olan ayçiçeği, yerel çeşit olarak da Türkiye’de geniş çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Türkiye’nin farklı ekolojik bölgelerinde yağlık ve çerezlik olarak farklı yerel çeşitler yetiştirilmektedir. Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü (ETAE) bünyesinde bulunan Ulusal Gen Bankası (Menemen-İzmir)’nda uzun süreli olarak muhafaza edilen ayçiçeği genetik kaynakları bu projenin materyalini oluşturmuştur. Projede; UPOV ve IBPGRI tanımlama listelerinde belirlenen karakterler üzerinden morfolojik, fenolojik ve teknolojik olarak toplam 43 karakter açısından gözlem ve ölçümler alınmıştır. Augmented Deneme Deseninde elde edilen veriler Ana Bileşen Analizi (ABA) ve Kümeleme Analizi (KÜME) ile değerlendirmiştir. Kantitatif karakterlerden olan % 50 çiçeklenme gün sayısı, fizyolojik olum gün sayısı, bitki boyu (cm), gövde alt çapı (mm), gövde üst çapı (mm), yaprak eni (cm), yaprak boyu (cm), tabla çapı (cm), tane eni (mm), tane boyu (mm), tek bitki verimi (g/tabla), yağ oranı (%) ve 1000 tane ağırlığı (g) bakımından örneklerde büyük oranda varyasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Kalitatif karakterler bakımından; tane şekli, tabla şekli, üniformite, bitki gelişimi ve bitki dallanması karakterlerinde yüksek varyasyon görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; yağlık ayçiçeği olarak şekillenen ıslahçı hedefleri doğrultusunda değerlendirilen bu karakterlere göre yapılan tanımlamaların, ileride yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında hedefe uygun materyal seçimi noktasında ıslahçılara büyük kolaylık sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca üretim ve yenileme kapsamında çoğaltılan gen kaynağı materyalinin Ulusal Gen Bankası’nda uzun süreli olarak muhafaza edilecek olması da çalışmadan elde edilen bir diğer sonuçtur.
Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi Yerel Yulaflarının bazı Tarımsal ve Kalite Özellikleri Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Murat , KOÇ Ali , VURAN Fatih , YÜCEOL Fulya , SAYILGAN Çetin
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yetiştirilen yerel yulaf çeşitlerinin bazı tarımsal ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Antalya, Isparta, Burdur ve Muğla illerinden 164 adet yerel yulaf çeşidi toplanmış ve tanımlamaları yapılmıştır. Yerel çeşitlerden 74 adedinin Avena byzantina K. Koch, 90 adedinin Avena sativa L. türüne ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yerel çeşitler yedi ticari yulaf çeşidi ile birlikte 2015-2016 yetiştirme sezonunda Antalya koşullarında Augmented deneme planında tarlaya ekilmiştir. Yerel çeşitlerin salkım gösterme süresi (SGS), fizyolojik olum süresi (FOS), salkımda başakçık sayısı (SBS), salkımda tane sayısı (STS), salkımda tane ağırlığı (STA), yatma (Y), biyolojik verim (BV), tane verimi (TV), kavuzsuz tane oranı (KTO), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA), tane protein oranı (TPO) ve tane yağ oranı (YO) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Populasyonlar arası varyasyonları belirlemek için ortalamaları, standart sapmaları ve değişim katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Bazı özellikler bakımından yerel çeşitler arasında yüksek varyasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yerel çeşitler arasında SGS, FOS, SBS, STS, STA, TV ve BTA bakımından önemli farklar bulunurken; BV, KTO, TPO ve YO bakımından farklar önemli bulunmamıştır. Yerel çeşitlerin TPO’ları %7,56 ile %21,25 arasında, YO’ları ise %2,71 ile %8,57 arasında değişmiştir. Yerel çeşitlerin tane verimleri Faikbey ve Seydişehir çeşitleri hariç standart çeşitlerden daha düşük bulunmuş, bunun yatmaya ve hastalıklara karşı hassas olmalarından kaynaklanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Determining Feeding Habits in Fattening Farms in Muş Province
Authors: KİBAR Mustafa , BAKIR Galip
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to determine feed types and feeding habits in fattening farms in Muş province. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 368 farmers using random sampling method. While all of the farms dealt with forage production, only 48.5% had sufficient information about forage production. The roughage used in animal in feeding according to total frequency values were, hay (58.2%), prairie grass (56.5%), alfalfa (48.4%), sainfoin (7.2%) and vetch (5.2%), respectively. Ration formulations were either, as mostly used, ‘50% concentrate-50% roughage’, or ‘mostly concentrate’. Half of the famers considered that the rangeland area was not adequate, for 29.2% it was adequate and for 20.8% it was fairly enough. It was determined that only 7.8% of farms made silage, 82.8% used licking stone, and 60.9% used vitamins and minerals as feed additives. As a result, it was determined that feeding in the farms was based on intensively utilized concentrate and hay and prairie grass as roughage. Some works need to be done for the dissemination of information regarding to silage usage which is a source of cheap roughage and used in very few farms in the region, and to solve problems that prevent use of it.
Dividido entre o Ir e o Ficar: o Dilema Cabo-verdiano em Chuva Braba, de Manuel Lopes
Authors: CARVALHO ADRIANNE GONÇALVES
Published: December 2020

Manuel Lopes afirma de forma categórica em suas obras, por meio de seus personagens, o amor que sente por sua terra natal, algo que não difere no romance Chuva Braba. Por meio dos dilemas vividos pelo nome principal do livro, sendo o central a ida ou permanência de Mané Quim no país insular, lemos uma carta de amor à Cabo Verde nas páginas de Chuva Braba, a terra-mãe de ambos: Mané Quim e Lopes. Nessas linhas, a relação de segurança, confortabilidade e amor existente entre Quim e sua terra natal é ameaçada por fatores para além de seu poder, o que acaba fazendo com que esses sentimentos se fortaleçam. Em síntese, vemos muitos conceitos da Geografia Humanista Cultural que oferecem uma possibilidade de diálogo com a publicação de Lopes, como conceitos derivados dos estudos de Yi-Fu Tuan (2013), ao versar sobre topofilia e topofobia, assim como pensamentos teorizados por Edward Relph (1976), quando trabalha com definições como lugar com lugaridade e lugar sem-lugaridade, além da possibilidade de análise por meio da geograficidade, terminologia oriunda dos preceitos de Dardel (2015).Palavras-chave: Chuva Braba. Geografia Humanista Cultural. Literatura Africana de Língua Portuguesa. Manuel Lopes. Torn between Leaving or Staying: the Cape verdean Dilemma in Wild Rain, by Manuel LopesABSTRACTManuel Lopes categorically states in his body of work, through characters, the love he feels for his homeland, which undeniably translates in his novel Wild Rain. Through the main character’s dillemas, to go or to stay being the main conflict, the pages of Wild Rain unfolds a love letter to Cape Verde, the motherland to both Mané Quim and Lopes. In this direction, the relationship implying security, comfort and love which exists between Quim and his homeland is threatened by elements which go beyond his own power, something which he held no control over and which strengthens those feelings. In summary, we see many concepts of Cultural/Humanist Geography that offer a possibility of dialogue with Lopes's publication, as concepts derived from the studies of Yi-Fu Tuan (2013), when dealing with topophilia and topophobia, as well as thoughts theorized by Edward Relph. (1976), when working with definitions such as place with place and place-without place, besides the possibility of analysis through geography, terminology deriving from Dardel's precepts (2015).Keywords: Wild Rain. Cultural/Humanist Geography. African literature in Portuguese. Manuel Lopes.
As Paisagens da Ausência no Diálogo Epistolar entre Gonçalves Dias e Teófilo Leal
Authors: LIMA RENATA RIBEIRO
Published: December 2020

Gonçalves Dias é conhecido como o “poeta nacional” por excelência, que teria consagrado a paisagem tropical brasileira como parte da ideia de nação. No entanto, numa análise mais detida de sua correspondência pessoal – gênero no qual também exercitava sua veia literária e registrava impressões dos lugares –, não se encontram paisagens simplesmente descritas, mas antes a construção de paisagens da ausência, isto é, a idealização constante de um lugar ausente diante de um espaço hostil, feita mais pela via da sugestão do que pela descrição. Para analisarmos essa questão, utilizaremos concepções desenvolvidas por teóricos da Geografia Humanista Cultural, a fim de compreender mais a fundo a relação do poeta com os lugares por onde passou, elegendo aqui as cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de Lisboa, conforme os registros literários de suas cartas. Palavras-chave: Paisagem. Lugar. Não-lugaridade. Correspondência. Gonçalves Dias.Landscapes of Absence on the Epistolary Dialog between Gonçalves Dias and Teófilo LealABSTRACTGonçalves Dias is known as “the national poet” by excellence, that had consecrated the Brazilian tropical landscape as part of his idea of nation. However, in a closer view of his personal correspondence – gender in which he also exercised his literary vein and registered impressions of places –, we can not find landscapes simply described, but instead the construction of landscapes of absence, that is, the constant idealization of an absent place in unfriendly circumstances, made more by suggestion than by description. To analyze this point, we utilize conceptions developed by Cultural Humanistic Geography theorists to understand deeply the poet’s relation with the places he passed by, electing here the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon, according to the literary registers of his letters.Keywords: Landscape. Place. Placelessness. Correspondence. Gonçalves Dias.
esponse of Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in saline region of Bangladesh
Authors: Suhel M. R. I. , Methela N. J. , Ruhi R. A. , Hossain B.
Published: December 2020

Salinity is one of the major issues that lead to a reduction in crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the response of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to saline soil. The research was conducted in Agricultural Research Field at Noakhali Science and Technology University during 2018-19 with two sweet pepper varieties as treatment named Red Army (V1) and California Wonder (V2). The results indicated that there were significant variations between the two varieties in different parameters of growth as well as yield performance. The result showed that between the treatments V2 (California Wonder) gave the higher yield ie., 10.65 ton/ha while V1(Red Army) produced 9.61 ton/ha. Moreover, the taller plants and longer fruit were obtained from the V2 which were 32.43 cm and 8.23 cm respectively. Even among the other parameters, V2 gave higher growth and development than V1. Furthermore, average single fruit weight/plant was recorded 76.33 g in California Wonder (V2) whereas Red Army (V1) provided 74.16 g. The finding of the experiment indicated that the overall better performance could be obtained from V2 California Wonder variety of sweet pepper. This study evaluated the varietal performance of two varieties and it can be said from the experiment that the California Wonder is the best variety for cultivation in saline region in Bangladesh.
“That’s Just How We Say it”: Understanding L2 Student Writers’ Responses to Written and Negotiated Corrective Feedback Through Critical Incidents
Authors: Britton Emma R , Austin Theresa Y
Published: December 2020

According to sociocultural theory (SCT), corrective feedback (CF) entails a negotiation process whereby writing instructors support second language (L2) writers in self-correction and provide a level of guidance needed for writers to actively engage in revision tasks (Aljaafreh & Lantolf, 1994). Drawing on SCT, this collaborative self-study details the CF experiences of one writing instructor and four L2 students. Focusing on six “critical incidents” occurring within the instructor’s teaching context (a developmental writing course in a Northeastern U.S. university), the authors investigate L2 writers’ responses to written (WCF) and negotiated oral CF. During these incidents, students engaged with different forms of CF. The authors’ analysis of these incidents draws attention to the micro- and macro-contextual features that complicate students’ uptake and perceptions about differing forms of CF. Findings reveal the importance of face to- face negotiation in resolving lexicogrammatical issues. Despite some students’ successful uptake of WCF, the paper argues that negotiated feedback provides L2 writers with additional opportunities to develop writing identities and to assert their writerly agency. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

Selon la théorie socioculturelle (TSC), la rétroaction corrective (RC) implique un processus de négociation par lequel les instructeurs en rédaction soutiennent les rédacteurs de langue seconde (L2) pour s’autocorriger et fournissent un niveau de conseils nécessaire pour que les rédacteurs s’impliquent activement dans les tâches de révision (Aljaafreh & Lantolf, 1994). En s’inspirant de TSC, cette autoévaluation collaborative décrit en détail les expériences de RC d’un instructeur en rédaction et de quatre étudiants de L2. En se concentrant sur six « événements critiques » qui se sont produits dans le contexte d’enseignement de l’instructeur (un cours de développement des habiletés de rédaction dans une université du nord-est des États-Unis), les auteurs ont enquêté sur les réactions des rédacteurs de L2 à la rétroaction corrective par écrit et à la rétroaction négociée orale. Lors de ces événements, les étudiants ont participé à plusieurs formes de RC. L’analyse que les auteurs font de ces événements attire l’attention sur les caractéristiques microcontextuelles et macrocontextuelles qui compliquent l’assimilation et les perceptions des étudiants par rapport aux différentes formes de RC. Les résultats montrent l’importance de la négociation face-à-face pour résoudre les problèmes lexicogrammaticaux. Malgré l’assimilation réussie de la RC écrite par certains étudiants, cet article avance que la rétroaction négociée fournit aux rédacteurs plus d’occasions de développer leur identité de rédacteur et d’affirmer leur activité d’écrivain. L’article discute des implications pédagogiques.
The Visibility of Oral Corrective Feedback Research in Teacher Education Textbooks
Authors: Nikouee Majid , Ranta Leila
Published: December 2020

The issue of whether, when, and how to respond to learners’ oral errors is something every teacher has to consider. Early studies of teachers’ feedback practices consisted of observations of how they managed this complex process (e.g., Lyster & Ranta, 1997). Beginning with these descriptions, a large body of research on types of oral corrective feedback (OCF) and their relative impact on L2 learning has emerged over the past few decades. OCF is thus an ideal topic for examining the degree to which second language acquisition (SLA) research-based discourse has influenced pedagogical discourse (Ellis & Shintani, 2014). This study examined how the topic of OCF is represented in 30 textbooks used in language teacher education courses. The amount of text dealing with OCF and the number of cited SLA references were quantified, and the textbooks’ advice was analyzed and compared to the findings from research. The results revealed variability across the textbooks in the degree to which OCF is treated, what is said about it, and the extent to which research is cited. Some textbook authors clearly have chosen not to highlight the contribution of research for language teaching, thus potentially limiting novice teachers’ exposure to researchers’ insights about error correction.

La question de savoir s’il faut réagir aux erreurs orales des apprenants, quand et comment y réagir doit se poser à chaque enseignant. Les premières études sur les pratiques de rétroaction des enseignants étaient composées d’observations sur la façon dont ils géraient ce processus complexe (par ex., Lyster & Ranta, 1997). À partir de ces descriptions, un vaste corpus de recherche sur les types de rétroaction corrective orale (RCO) et sur leur impact relatif sur l’apprentissage de la langue seconde a vu le jour au cours des quelques dernières décennies. Par conséquent, la RCO est un sujet idéal pour examiner dans quelle mesure le discours fondé sur la recherche en matière d’acquisition de la langue seconde (ALS) a influencé le discours pédagogique (Ellis & Shintani, 2014). Cette étude examine comment le sujet de la RCO est représenté dans 30 manuels utilisés dans les cours de formation des enseignants de langue. On a quantifi le nombre de textes parlant de la RCO ainsi que le nombre de références d’ALS citées, et les conseils fournis par les manuels ont été analysés et comparés aux résultats de la recherche. Les résultats de ce travail ont révélé une variabilité entre les manuels par rapport à la mesure dont on traitait de la RCO, ce qu’on en disait, ainsi que le degré où l’on citait la recherche. Certains auteurs de manuels ont clairement choisi de ne pas souligner la contribution de la recherche sur l’enseignement des langues, limitant de ce fait l’exposition des enseignants novices aux perspectives des chercheurs sur la correction des erreurs.
Utilitas, firmitas… sumptus et significatio
Authors: Ordóñez-Chacón Mauricio
Published: December 2020

Ensayo investigativo teórico con finalidad didáctica y profesional. Trata de las cualidades de los objetos arquitectónicos, extensibles a todos los objetos artificiales con roles funcionales. Clarifica conceptos sustantivos teóricos para la docencia, y es a la vez una epistemología instrumental para el proceso de diseño. Entre más claridad y desarrollo de estas categorías cualitativas, más exacto e integral el diseño como práctica tecnológica dirigida a la modificación entorno. Por tratarse de una teoría fundamentadora, muchos conceptos provienen de bibliografía clásica, no efímera. El método empírico-analítico permite cotejar conceptos con una profunda reflexión analítica tras la relación experimental humana con los objetos artificiales y sus propiedades. La literatura del diseño hay utilizado algunos de estos conceptos, pero usualmente sin el adecuado detalle y debida actualización. La tradicional taxonomía conceptual vitruviana de utilitas, firmitas y venustas es una buena base, mas resulta insuficiente, especialmente porque no incorporan otras variables semióticas aparte de la estética, y deja de lado los costos. Se proponen y detallan integralmente las categorías cualitativas la utilidad, estabilidad, significados, costo económico y costo ambiental, más la sostenibilidad como supra-cualidad integral. La utilidad y significados como cualidades funcionales; la estabilidad y costos como propias del objeto en sí. El concepto de función se extiende a las función práctica utilitaria y a la función semiótica de los objetos artificiales.
Arts and Humanities to Teach Civility in Health Professions
Authors: Hall Katherine , De Gagne Jennie C.
Published: December 2020

Incivility is defined as rude or disruptive behavior which may result in psychological or physiological distress for the people involved. These behaviors, which appear to be more pervasive than ever in today's society, both in academia and in the health-care system, negatively affect professionals ‘well-being and the workplace environment. Nurses have an obligation to practice with compassion and respect, and to develop creative solutions for addressing incivility. Education about incivility should begin in prelicensure programs for all health professions, so that students understand the behavior expected of them as professionals. When health-care professionals embody the ideals of respect and civility, they set an example for others to follow. The arts and humanities can be used as a pedagogical tool to provide innovative learning opportunities to teach these values through the affective domain of learning. This article discusses one of the creative avenues for facilitating such opportunity, the use of the arts and humanities to teach civility in health professions education.
A Creative Action Plan for Mental Wellness: Tools for Primary Care in Rural and Underserved Settings
Authors: Icenogle Mary , Busenhart Cara A. , Buller Carol , Peterson JoAnn M. , Schwartz Lori , Whitney Lucinda , Teel Cynthia
Published: December 2020

Primary care settings have many opportunities to support patients who have anxiety and/or depression, but resources are often scarce. Our faculty team developed an education tool to support mental health awareness and provide suggested wellness activities. Health-care professionals from various disciplines and settings have demonstrated eagerness to use this tool with patients and with health-care students to improve resilience and mental wellness.
Patterns of Healthcare Access and Utilization among Nonurban Transgender and Nonbinary Patients at a Large Safety Net Health System in Colorado
Authors: Walsh Corey F. , O'Connell Ryan P. , Kvach Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Current research characterizing transgender and nonbinary (TNB) communities focuses on coastal, urban centers and inadequately recognizes intersections of geography and gender identity. This study evaluates demographics, health insurance, mental health, one-way distance to care, and types of care accessed for a cohort of nonurban TNB patients seeking care at a large, safety net health system in Denver, Colorado. Electronic medical record (EMR) data were used to identify this TNB patient cohort (n= 1,230) Characteristics of age, race/ethnicity, sex assigned at birth, gender identity, insurance, residence ZIP code, alcohol use disorder, tobacco use, marijuana use, depression, and anxiety were extracted. Chart review characterized utilization patterns among non-Denver TNB patients (n= 232). Denver TNB patients were more likely to have the following characteristics: black or Hispanic identity, marijuana use, commercial insurance, depression, anxiety; comparatively, non-Denver TNB patients were more likely to be white and have public insurance coverage. The non-Denver cohort traveled an average of 82.52 miles one-way. A majority of non-Denver patients accessed gender-affirming (99%), hormone-related (81%), primary (78%), and preventive (69%) care. A minority of these patients (23%) accessed surgical transition care. Proximity to care is one of many important factors for TNB patients seeking care. The number of non-Denver TNB traveling for healthcare likely reflects a lack of accessibility to local gender-affirming care, which should prompt nonurban medical providers to seek training that meets this need. Medical educators should improve teaching on gender-affirming healthcare, particularly for rural educational tracks.
Critical Care Nurses’ Knowledge of Sedation and Its Management in Mechanically Ventilated Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Masih Samuel , Dhamani Khairunnisa Aziz , Khan Sadia Farhan
Published: December 2020

Background: Sedation assessment and management is an essential part of critical care nursing. The patients are at significant risks of undersedation and oversedation. Critical care nurses must possess sufficient knowledge about sedation assessment and its management. Aim: This study aimed to determine critical care nurses’ knowledge of sedation and its management in mechanically ventilated patients in Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The participants were recruited from three critical care units of a tertiary care hospital using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Findings: In total, 91 critical care nurses participated in this study. Most of them had less than 2 years of experience as registered nurses and as intensive care unit nurses. The majority of them had insufficient knowledge (poor knowledge 18.7% and fair knowledge 63.7%), whereas only 17.6% had good knowledge of sedation and its management. The average correct response rate for general knowledge of sedation management practices was 71.3%. Almost half of the participants (51.6%) had poor knowledge of assessing undersedation and oversedation. Overall, 67% of nurses had good knowledge of managing sedative drugs. Conclusion: The majority of critical nurses lacked sufficient knowledge related to sedation and its management in mechanically ventilated patients. This poses risks to patients’ safety and quality of care.
Critical Care Nursing in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Williams Ged , Jaspers Rose , Wohuinangu Veronica , Micik Svatka , De Luca Adrian
Published: December 2020

Objective: To explore and understand the current context of critical care nursing in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Method: A three day fact finding mission and consulation process with leaders of critical care and health services in PNG. Results: Although challenged by limited resources and healthcare infrastructure there is a determination among local health care providers to growth and improve the provision of critical care services from the major hospitals of PNG. The PNG Critical Care Nurses Society (PNG CCNS) was officially formed in March 2020, providing hope and optimism for a renewed emphasis on this important speciality in PNG. Conclusion: The authors and the PNG CCNS recommend the establishment of active and supportive partnerships with other critical care leaders of the world to help guide future developments in PNG.
The Effect of Risk-Based Capital on Investment Returns of Insurance Companies in Kenya
Authors: Chache Willys Obuba , Mwangi Cyrus Iraya , Nyamute Winnie , Angima Caren
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of risk-based capital on investment returns of insurance companies in Kenya. The study population comprised of 63 insurance companies licensed by Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA). A longitudinal (panel) design was used to describe the association amongst variables on the study duration. Moreover, secondary data was collected from the insurance companiesâ€™ annual returns submitted to IRA for five-year duration (2014-2018), which yielded adequate data points for each insurance company deeming it viable. Risk-based capital was determined by the standard formulae as per the risk-based supervision model. It was a composition of operational risk charge, market risk charge, insurance risk charge, credit risk capital charge, and an adjustment which considered the lossabsorbing capacity of technical provisions and deferred taxes. Investment returns in insurance companies was calculated using the investment income ratio. Test of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and independence were conducted and were found suitable for linear regression to be conducted. Linear regression was used to evaluate the nature of the relationship between the variables based on the hypothesis in the study and at a significance level of 5%. Coefficient of determination ( ) was derived to show how the model fits the data. The study findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between risk-based capital and investment returns, thus allowing investment portfolio managers in the insurance industry to justify their investments in high risk areas that may attract a high capital charge.
Examining the Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Supply Chain Quality Management Practices Adoption and Performance of Private Hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Ondiek Tobias Okoth , Odock Stephen , Njihia James Muranga , Kâ€™Obonyo Peter
Published: December 2020

Health care institutions have complex global supply networks and organizations that have heterogenous cultural configurations. There are a number of studies that have directly linked supply chain quality management practices in the manufacturing sector and other service firms to organizational performance. However, minimal research has been done to examine the role of corporate culture in the relationship. Moreover, there is need to empirically confirm effect of corporate culture in private hospitals in Kenya where provision of quality and affordable health care remains a challenge. Corporate culture fit between organizations serves as a thread that ties firms together. The study was conducted in order examine the effect of organizational culture on the relationship between supply chain quality management practices adoption and performance of private hospitals in Kenya. Positivist research orientation and descriptive cross-sectional research design guided the research process. Raw data was collected from management staff tasked with supply chain decision making responsibility in the hospitals. A response rate of 70.51% was realized. Normality, collinearity, homoscedasticity and autocorrelation constituted model diagnosis. Hypothesis was tested using model fit indices and significance of path coefficient. The findings indicate that corporate culture has significant positive effect on the relationship. The study concluded that right corporate culture among supply chain partners both internally and externally serves as catalyst while implementing SCQM practices to bring about improved performance. It is therefore recommended that for private hospitals to benefit more from improved performance upon adopting SCQM practices, they must ensure homogeneity of cultural configurations internally and externally. In addition, the study provides future researchers with a useful conceptual and methodological reference that can be used in the pursuit of further studies particularly in the area of both supply chain and quality management with specific reference to the corporate culture as a moderating variable.
Impact of Tobacco Expenditure on Household Spending Patterns in Kenya
Authors: Magati Peter , Mureithi Leopold , Nyangena Wilfred
Published: December 2020

Despite measures to control tobacco use in Kenya, there is still an increasing importance in the use of tobacco. This is seen by the growth in per capita consumption over time. Tobacco, being an addictive product, creates a situation where consumers allocate part of their resources towards its consumption and therefore positions the use of tobacco as an important expenditure decision in households in Kenya. Due to budget constraints faced by households in Kenya, tobacco consumption may crowd out consumption of essential goods and services. This paper therefore focuses on the impact of tobacco expenditure on household spending patterns in Kenya. Using the 2005/2006 Kenya Integrated Household and Budget survey, a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System was used to estimate a system of Engel curves to check whether the differences in expenditure between the two types of households is as a result of tobacco use or not. Results suggest that tobacco crowds out the consumption of food, health care, schooling, clothing, entertainment, house care, and personal care. Geographical location and socio-economic standing of households have a significant influence on the magnitude and pattern of crowding out. The policy implication of this finding is that tobacco control should be an integral part of governmentsâ€™ poverty alleviation strategy.
La Gestion Durable Des Adductions Dâ€™eau Villageoises Dans Le Departement Du Couffo Du Benin : Quelle Gouvernance
Authors: Judith Eric Georges Yetongnon
Published: December 2020

La prÃ©sente recherche vise Ã  dÃ©terminer la gouvernance qui pÃ©rennise la gestion durable des adductions dâ€™eau villageoises (A.E.V) dans le DÃ©partement du Couffo. Cette Ã©tude a Ã©tÃ© faite Ã  partir de la recherche documentaire, des enquÃªtes auprÃ¨s de 381 mÃ©nages et de 61 gestionnaires des AEV. Les outils dâ€™analyse des indicateurs de performance de la gestion et de lâ€™efficacitÃ© de la dÃ©lÃ©gation de la gestion des adductions dâ€™eau villageoises sur la pÃ©riode de 2010 Ã  2014 ont Ã©tÃ© calculÃ©s ainsi que les capacitÃ©s institutionnelles actuelles de la gouvernance analysÃ©es.Les rÃ©sultats obtenus Ã  lâ€™issue des enquÃªtes de terrain indiquent que le DÃ©partement du Couffo dispose des fondements institutionnel et juridique favorables Ã  la gouvernance durable des AEV. Seulement, le problÃ¨me se pose dans leur application. De mÃªme, deux modes de gestion sont dÃ©veloppÃ©s Ã  savoir lâ€™affermage et la gestion dÃ©lÃ©guÃ©e. La dÃ©lÃ©gation de la gestion des AEV aux opÃ©rateurs privÃ©s est efficace Ã  plus de 90 % dans ledit dÃ©partement.
This research aims to determine the governance that perpetuates the sustainable management of Village Water Supply in the Department of Couffo. This study was made from documentary research, surveys of 381 households and 61 managers of AEV. The tools for analyzing performance indicators for the management and the efficiency of the delegation of the management of Village Water Supply over the period from 2010 to 2014 were calculated as well as the current institutional governance capacities analyzed.The results obtained from the field surveys indicate that the Couffo Department has the institutional and legal foundations favorable to the sustainable governance of AEVs. But that the problem arises in their application. Likewise, two management methods are being developed, namely leasing and delegated management. The delegation of the management of AEVs to private operators is more than 90% effective in the said department
Diseño y evaluación de concreto especial con cenizas de cáscara de arroz (RHA) para aumentar la durabilidad de las estructuras frente a la exposición al ambiente marino
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Martinez Urtecho Francisco Alfredo , Oyanguren Gallo Luis Julio
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio se realizó con la finalidad de diseñar y analizar un concreto con reemplazo parcial de ceniza de cáscara de arroz (RHA) más resistente que el convencional frente a la exposición a los ambientes marinos. Esta ceniza, resulta de la combustión de cascarillas de arroz que genera una empresa encargada de elaborar pulitón en el departamento de La Libertad – Perú. La ceniza resultante de dicho proceso posee características similares a las del cemento, empezando por el alto contenido de sílice, haciéndolo apto para ser utilizado como adición. Este componente se utilizó para reemplazar en 5, 10 y 15% al cemento tipo V dentro de la mezcla de concreto con la finalidad de estudiar su reactividad puzolánica. Adicionalmente, se realizaron ensayos de resistencia a la compresión de probetas cilíndricas a los 28 días de curado en agua. Asimismo, se optó por realizar ensayos de durabilidad a los agregados grueso y fino según la Norma C88 utilizando sulfato de magnesio (MgSO4). Finalmente, se obtuvo el porcentaje de RHA más óptimo para conseguir los mejores resultados en cuanto a la resistencia a la compresión y al ataque de sulfatos.
Diseño hidráulico y estudio de rentabilidad del Proyecto de la Bocatoma San Pedro para abastecer las zonas agrícolas de San Pedro y Santa Cruz en la región Ayacucho
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Contreras Cusi Leonid Simon , Villegas Macedo Alejandro Ruben
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo general realizar una propuesta técnico-económica del diseño hidráulico de una bocatoma para beneficio de las comunidades San Pedro y Santa Cruz pertenecientes a la región Ayacucho, estas comunidades no cuentan con infraestructura adecuada que les permita mejorar su sistema de riego y aprovechar de manera eficiente su potencial agrícola y la utilización de sus recursos humanos. La investigación realiza un estudio hidrológico para determinar las necesidades hídricas para agricultura, se generó los caudales medios mensuales del río San Pedro mediante el modelo de Luzt Scholz para determinar la oferta hídrica y finalmente se hizo el análisis de máximas avenidas, utilizando información proporcionada por el SENAMHI, ANA y otras instituciones relacionadas. Se presenta un diseño hidráulico de la bocatoma y de sus componentes más importantes, así como su presupuesto mediante metrados y análisis de precios unitarios. Finalmente se presenta el estudio económico de rentabilidad para determinar si el proyecto es viable. La investigación concluye que la implementación de proyectos como la bocatoma San Pedro permite mejorar no solo el sistema productivo agrícola de las comunidades si no también produce beneficios económicos a sus comuneros.
Propuesta de un sistema de semaforización para reducir el grado de saturación en las intersecciones de Av. Angamos Este con Av. República de Panamá, Av. Tomás Marsano y Av. Aviación; a través de la metodología del Ramp Metering
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Basurto Valladares Leonardo Joaquín , Yzaguirre De La Tore Rodrigo Raúl
Published: December 2020

Actualmente, existe un incremento vehicular en Lima Metropolitana que perjudica la eficacia de las vías de comunicación terrestres. Por tal motivo, el presente tema de investigación tiene como finalidad reducir el grado de saturación en las intersecciones urbanas de la Av. Angamos Este con Av. Aviación, Av. Tomás Marsano y Av. República de Panamá ubicadas en Lima Metropolitana a través de la metodología Ramp Metering que considera desarrollar el algoritmo ALINEA. En primera instancia, se describió la situación actual de los cruces viales previamente mencionados, a partir del reconocimiento en campo. Posteriormente, se recopilaron los tiempos de verde efectivo vehicular y el ciclo semafórico peatonal. De igual manera, se contabilizó presencialmente el flujo de automóviles durante 13 horas continuas y el número de transeúntes en las intersecciones durante el mismo periodo. Subsiguientemente, se evaluaron las condiciones de circulación existente, donde el principal objetivo es determinar el grado de saturación por medio de flujogramas que permiten una mejor visualización del estado actual. Luego de lo mencionado, se empleó la estrategia ALINEA para diseñar una propuesta de mejora a partir los tiempos de verde efectivo calculados el algoritmo mencionado. Siguiendo con el procedimiento, se evaluó el diseño con el software PTV VISSIM 9.0, un programa de micro simulación acorde con los lineamientos planteados del proyecto, con la finalidad de verificar si existe una mejora relacionada al grado de saturación. Por último, se compararon las dos situaciones previstas, calculando el parámetro indicado con el programa VISSIM.
Propuesta para la ubicación de estaciones de bicicletas públicas mediante la metodología de Máxima Cobertura para la reducción de los tiempos de viajes en el distrito de San Borja - Lima
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Gutierrez Nieto Jesús Juvencio , Taipe Contreras Wiler James
Published: December 2020

La preocupación en la actualidad del transporte público nos obliga a fomentar la implementación de medios de transporte sostenibles y saludables. Por este motivo, se propone con esta investigación localizar adecuadamente las estaciones de bicicletas y de esta forma reducir los tiempos de viaje en bicicleta en el distrito de San Borja. En el primer capítulo formularemos la realidad problemática, formulación del problema de transporte y algunos antecedentes de estudios similares en diferentes países con resultados positivos. También desarrollaremos los objetivos generales, objetivos específicos y las limitaciones de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se describirá el marco teórico de la metodología para la localización óptima de estaciones de bicicletas, los modelos de microsimulación y la propuesta de mejora. Asimismo, definiremos los tipos de modelo de tránsito, algunas consideraciones que serán necesarias para realizar los análisis de los resultados que se obtengan. En el tercer capítulo describiremos la metodología que se utiliza desde la recolección de datos para la metodología de máxima cobertura y el modelo de microsimulación debidamente calibrado y validado. También, se detallará la aplicación de la metodología de máxima cobertura (ArcGIS) y la construcción del modelo de simulación en el software VISSIM. En el cuarto capítulo se presentan el análisis de las estaciones utilizando el modelo de máxima cobertura, localización de las estaciones optimas, la reducción de viajes del estado actual y el de los escenarios propuestos y por último los resultados de la comparación. En el último capítulo se encontrarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las que se llegaron respondiendo así el objetivo general de la presente tesis.
“The wrathful sunset glared…”: The Krakatoa Sunsets in Victorian Science and Art
Authors: Dobosiewicz Ilona
Published: December 2020

The eruption of Krakatoa on August 27, 1883 was an event both tragic and spectacular. Thousands of lives were lost; sea waves and atmospheric disturbances were detected around the globe. Billions of tons of volcanic ash were thrown into the atmosphere producing multi-coloured sunsets caused by the scattering of light by aerosol particles. The paper discusses the ways in which these so-called Krakatoa sunsets, which were experienced by most of the world, were reflected in Victorian scientific and artistic discourse. The accounts included in the section “Descriptions of the Unusual Twilight Glows in Various Parts of the World, in 1883–84” of the Royal Society report The Eruption of Krakatoa and Subsequent Phenomena (1888), and selected poems by Alfred Tennyson, Charles Algernon Swinburne, Robert Bridges, and Mathilde Blind are analyzed to trace Victorian responses to the remarkable optical effects of the Krakatoa eruption.
Illusion and Compensation: Heterotopic Aspects of Gated Communities in J. G. Ballard’s Fiction
Authors: Tereszewski Marcin
Published: December 2020

Gated communities have come to mean more than simple building structures and their predominantly negative cultural representation has become somewhat of a commonplace trope in literature and urban studies. This paper sets out to explore the assumptions underpinning the overwhelmingly dystopian representations of gated communities in literature and culture. This inquiry will be carried out with reference to J. G. Ballard’s depictions of gated communities in his later work, particularly in Cocaine Nights (1996) and Super Cannes (2000) and will be carried out within the context of Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia. It will be the contention of this paper that gated communities can also be construed as providing a heterotopic zone of subversive topography, which serves not to reinforce, but in fact challenge the dominant urban setting.
Zufluchtsorte in den Bergen: Die Bautätigkeit von Gebirgsvereinen und die Idealisierung der Karpaten in der Moderne
Authors: Geering Corinne
Published: December 2020

Mountainous regions have long been considered dangerous and difficult to penetrate. Only few people used to enter the widely uninhabited landscape for occupational purposes such as herding cattle, transporting goods, and mapping and surveying the land. At night and in the case of bad weather, these people found refuge at higher altitudes in rudimentary mountain huts. In the nineteenth century, the number of mountain travellers increased rapidly due to the construction of new train lines and other means of transportation, and they set out to spend their leisure time with climbing and hiking. This novel recreational use of mountain landscapes placed higher demands on local facilities and infrastructure. Newly established alpine clubs attended to the construction of new mountain huts from the Alps through the Carpathians to the Caucasus. This article discusses the construction activity of alpine clubs as a process of idealisation that continues to shape mountain landscapes until today.Idealisation was not only achieved by means of written and visual representation, but complementarily by means of infrastructure, and it thus had a strong impact on the local social fabric. Mountain huts played a pioneering role in the touristic development of mountain regions, and in many instances, well equipped guesthouses and hotels were later constructed at the same site. This article analyses the appropriation of mountain landscapes through mountain huts and pays particular attention to the interactions between members of alpine clubs and the local population living in the mountains. The discussion is based on a set of travelogues, guidebooks, and annals by the Tatra Society, the Hungarian Carpathian Society, and the Transylvanian Carpathian Society which were published between the foundation of the first alpine clubs in the Carpathians in the 1870s and the beginning of the First World War. By highlighting the role of social background of agents, this article seeks to go beyond the focus in scholarship on nationalist interpretations. Rather, it reveals how landscape architecture attributed new cultural values to mountains in modernity.