bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investment Incentives as a Mediator in the Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Growth of Private Domestic Investment in Kenya
Authors: Kinyanjui Monica Wanjiru , Muturi Willy , Njeru Agnes
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of investment
incentives on the growth of private domestic investment in Kenya using time series
data for the period 1997 to 2018. To test for mediating effect, the study used (Baron
& Kenny, 1986) approach which propose a four-step procedure in which several
regression analyses were conducted and the significance of the coefficients
examined. The results did not consistently support a full mediation hypothesis,
given that the coefficients did not consistently change in magnitude and significance.
Therefore, the study does not reject the null hypothesis that investment incentives
do not meditate on the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the
growth of private domestic investment in Kenya. The results of this study will
benefit policy makers by providing them with data-based evidence that will guide
them in making appropriate policies that encourage growth of private domestic
investment in Kenya and institute proper management of private domestic
investments to boost economic growth in Kenya.

Keywords: Tax expenditure, Investment tax expenditure, Investment tax credit,
Private domestic investment.
Intersemiotic Translation in Adaptation: The Case Study of the Adaptation of Narrative Poem The Tale of Kiều (Nguyễn Du) to Cải lương Film Kim Vân Kiều (Nguyễn Bạch Tuyết)
Authors:   Institute of Literature, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam, Le Quoc Hieu
Published: January 2021

We are living in the age of adaptation. In contemporary art, the power of adaptation is evidenced by the fact that a textual semiotic system is continuously passing through the different genres and means to establish new texts. Adaptation is also an intercultural translation as each work adapted experiences a cultural shift so as to adapt to the target culture. Although The Tale of Kieu (Nguyen Du) made use of the plot of Kim Van Kieu, written as the pseudonym Qingxin Cairen (青心才人, Pure Heart Talented Man), in the Vietnamese artistic context, the tale can be considered as the “original text” that provides superabundant materials for other adaptations. The Tale of Kieu is one of the Nom poetries that has been most adapted to other art forms, particularly “cải lương” (reformed theatre). In this study, we analyze the case of video-cải lương Kim Van Kieu (directed by Nguyen Bach Tuyet), to determine modes of semiotic transposition from the narrative (narrative poem) to the performance/showing (video cải lương). This inter-semiotic translation process requires that the author adapts, selects, renounces, transforms as well as encodes/decodes, as semiotics, genre, and materials belonging to the verbal semiotic system to the nonverbal semiotic system, or vice versa. To concretize this, we analyze factors that were involved or omited during the adaptation of The Tale of Kieu to Kim Van Kieu.
Methodology in Accent Perception Studies: A Review
Authors:   Symbiosis School for Liberal Arts, India, Raheja Roshni
Published: January 2021

Research in the field of Language Attitudes and Social Perceptions have proven associations between a speaker’s accent, and listener’s perceptions of various aspects of their identity – intelligence, socio-economic background, race, region of origin, friendliness, etc. This paper seeks to critically analyze the methodology and theories in the field of accent perception through a review of existing research literature across various disciplines that have studied it. After reviewing Social Identity Theory, Prototype theory, and theories regarding Ethnolinguistic identity, it points out various knowledge gaps and limitations of methodologies previously used. It then studies the implications for future research, in various domains, proposing a new theoretical paradigm using mixed methods studies.
The World Miraculous Characters in Vietnamese Fairy Tales Aspect of Languages – Ethnic in Scene South East Asia Region
Authors:   University of Labour and Social Aﬀairs, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Dung
Published: January 2021

Like other genres of folk literature, fairy tales of Vietnamese  ethnicity with miraculous character systems become strongly influenced by  Southeast Asia’s historical-cultural region. Apart from being influenced by  farming, Buddhism, Confucianism, urbanism, Vietnamese fairy tales are deeply influenced by ethno-linguistic elements. Consequently, fairy tales do not preserve their root identities, but shift and emerge over time. The study investigates and classifies the miraculous tales of peoples of Vietnam with strange characters (fairies, gods, Buddha, devils) in linguistic and ethnographic groups, and in high-to-low ratios. Here the study expands on, evaluates, correlates, and differentiates global miraculous characters, and describes influences of creation of miraculous characters in these fairy tales. The author affirms the value of this character system within the fairy tales, and develops conceptions of global aesthetic views. To conduct the research, the author applies statistical methods, documentary surveys, type comparison methods, systematic approaches, synthetic analysis methods, and interdisciplinary methods (cultural studies, ethnography, psychoanalysis). The author conducted a reading of and referring to the miraculous fairy tales of the peoples of Vietnam with strange characters. 250 fairy tales were selected from 32 ethnic groups of Vietnam, which have the most types of miraculous characters, classifying these according to respective language groups, through an ethnography. The author compares sources to determine characteristics of each miraculous character, and employs system methods to understand the components of characters. The author analyzes and evaluates the results based on the results of the survey and classification. Within the framework of the article, the author focuses on the following two issues; some general features of the geographical conditions and history of Vietnam in the context of Southeast Asia’s ancient and medieval periods were observed; a survey was conducted of results of virtual characters in the fairy tales of Vietnam  from the perspective of language, yet accomplished through an ethnography. The results of the study indicate a calculation and quantification of magical characters in the fairy tales of Vietnamese. This study contributes to the field of Linguistic Anthropology in that it presents the first work to address the system of virtual characters in the fairy tales of Vietnam in terms of language, while it surveys different types of material, origins formed, and so forth.
Teaching Vietnamese to Deaf Children Using Sign Languages: Situations and Solutions
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam, Do Thi Hien
Published: January 2021

Human civilization has made tremendous progress, to improve its quality of life. However, there are still a number of people in society who suffer from grave disadvantages due to their disabilities. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and even though science is rapidly developing, it is impossible to completely erase those causes. Ameliorating education and offering vocational training for the disabled are considered as effective solutions to provide these people with a satisfying life, especially children. For deaf children, the dream of normal schooling becomes great. Limited language proficiency leads to limited communication skills and reduces confidence when entering the first grade, adversely affecting their academic performance and later development. Therefore, in this article, we focus on first grade deaf children. Like the impact of normal language on normal children, sign language plays an important role in language development of deaf children. They use sign language to think and communicate. However, to study in textbook programs as does a normal child, in the classroom of deaf children, both the teachers and students must use finger alphabets to teach and learn Vietnamese. We thus study teaching Vietnamese to deaf children and suggest games to draw their attention to the lessons.
Pointing Gestures and Verbal Acts: Linguistic Boundaries in Barter Markets by Puor and Lamalera People, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Choesin Ezra Mahresi , Bella Dea Rifia ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

This article highlights language practices by Puor and Lamalera people, in South Lembata, East Nusa Tenggara, in Indonesia, in a ‘barter market’ context. While interacting in the barter market, Puor and Lamalera people prefer to use their own local languages, rather than Bahasa Indonesia, the language regarded as the lingua franca in a linguistically diverse Indonesia. Unavoidably, the use of these local languages in Indonesia is invoked through specific cultural assessments. In this barter market, speakers combine verbal acts and pointing gestures to supplement their linguistic repertoires and to convey message amplifiers that embody cultural meanings in their respective frames of reference and communicative events. The use of pointing gestures and verbal acts that build the linguistic repertoires becomes the main rule of interacting in the barter market, the social phenomena of which renders this market different from other ‘money’ markets. The paper employs an ethnography of communication approach, through which to elicit and frame significant patterns and functions in these language practices. This article attempts to offer a unique perspective in the use of local languages in Indonesia, by presenting language as practice rather than as a linguistic system of sounds. As such, the categorization of language becomes blurred in that Puor and Lamalera linguistic repertoires shift as they are predicated on practice.
Language as Symbol System: Islam, Javanese Muslem and Cultural Diplomacy
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Wicaksono Mochammad Arief
Published: January 2021

Islamic diaspora throughout the world has its own characteristics depending on cultural context in each region. Observing the characteristics of the entry process and the rise of Islam in Java in the past, Indonesia can be viewed significantly through a linguistic perspective. By focusing on the narratives of how Islam was constructed in Java by kiai, we will be able to understand that the pattern of the entry process and the rise of Islam in Java emerged through“language diplomacy.” There are various symbols which later became the symbol system in Islamic languages that were contextualized to Javanese language and knowledge systems. In other words, I see that language in this context is a symbol system. These symbols are a strategy of how Islam was “planted” and developed in Java. I will compare the symbol system of the language in the Quran as the Great Tradition of Islam with a symbol system on the narratives that a kiai expressed in Javanese society as the Little Tradition. By taking some narratives that the kiai gave to the Javanese Moslems in East Java region, this paper argues that the linguistic aspect in some narratives and Quran recitation which has the symbolic system of the language have an important role in planting and developing Islam in Java. This paper is based on ethnographic research-participant observation among Nahdlatul Ulama Muslim society in East Java, Indonesia and reviews Islamic narratives in society as an important unit of analysis.
Bahasa Indonesia, Ethnic Languages and English: Perceptions on Indonesian Language Policy and Planning
Authors:   Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia, Wirza Yanty
Published: January 2021

Language policy and planning in Indonesia have been geared toward strengthening the national language Bahasa Indonesia and the preserving of hundreds of ethnic languages to strengthen its citizens’ linguistic identity in the mid of the pervasive English influences especially to the young generations. The study examines perceptions regarding the competitive nature of Bahasa Indonesia, ethnic languages, and English in contemporary multilingual Indonesia. Utilizing text analysis from two social media Facebook and Whatsapp users who were highly experienced and qualified language teachers and lecturers, the study revealed that the posts demonstrated discussions over language policy issues regarding Bahasa Indonesia and the preservation of ethnic language as well as the concerns over the need for greater access and exposure of English that had been limited due to recent government policies. The users seemed highly cognizant of the importance of strengthening and preserving the national and ethnic languages, but were disappointed by the lack of consistency in the implementation of these. The users were also captivated by the purchasing power English has to offer for their students. The users perceived that the government’s decision to reduce English instructional hours in the curriculum were highly politically charged and counterproductive to the nation’s advancement.
Television in the Tay-Nung Language in Vietnam
Authors:   University of Education - Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Nhung , Nguyen Thi Minh Thu ,   University of Education - Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam
Published: January 2021

Broadcasting and television are two popular types of media, with more audience than other types of media in Viet Nam today. Tay-Nung is a common language of two  ethnic groups with the largest population of ethnic minorities in Viet Nam. Research on broadcasting and television in the Tay-Nung language is importance research, involving both journalism and the science of language. On the basis of surveys on the state of broadcasting in Tay-Nung language and the attitude, needs and aspirations of the Tay and Nung ethnicity on this activity, this article aims to describe and evaluate the current status of broadcasting in the Tay-Nung language, thereby proposing ways and means to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of broadcasting in Tay- Nung language. The main methods used in this study are a scientific observation method, a sociological survey method (interviews, discussions, investigation by questionnaires), method of description (analytical, statistical, classification, systematization) and a comparison method. Research data is collected from relevant documents and from the use of sociological survey methods. The subject of the article is the broadcast in Tay-Nung  language activities in Viet Nam at present. This subject is considered in the following  aspects; the places, the levels of broadcasting and television; the choice and use of language / dialect; attitude, needs and aspirations of the recipients, and some ways and solutions to be implemented. Research results of the project will help the Ministry of Information and Communication, in radio and television, to develop specific suggestions on the choice of type and level of communication. At the same  time, the Viet Nam has also suggested the development of policies related to communication in ethnic minority languages. Raising the effectiveness of broadcasting in the Tay-Nung  language will contribute to the preservation of language and culture; will improve quality of life for the Tay and Nung ethnicity and will contribute to sustainable development of nations in the renewal period. The work will inform work by the State, the Ministry of Information and Communication, should the State and the Ministry of Information and Communications pay attention to this timely guidance. Results will contribute to studies on communication in ethnic minority languages in Viet Nam or on communication in Tày Nùng in Southeast Asia.
Interpreting ‘Front’: Perception of Space in Bengali and Kannada
Authors:   Central University of Karnataka, India, Sarkar Anirban
Published: January 2021

This paper is concerned with the nature of ‘front’ along the front/back axis. The languages taken up for the study are Bengali, a language belonging to Indo-Aryan language family, and Kannada, a language belonging to Dravidian language family. The terms for denoting ‘front’ for Bengali are ‘samne’ and ‘aage’ and for Kannada are ‘yeduru’ and ‘munde’. Experience and embodiment of spatial arrangements play an important role in the spatial cognition, and language use takes into account the different points of view. Many factors such as proximity, vantage point, specificity, etc. play an important role in describing a given situation. It is worth mentioning that the choice of the usages of the words for denoting ‘front’ as location or direction has been seen as different in some situations and overlapping in others. The data were collected using a questionnaire which aimed to elicit the expressions for ‘front’ for the entities, whose relationship is described in terms of Figure and Ground (Talmy, 1983; 2000), from the speakers of both the above mentioned languages, and then analysed for the factors involved.
Prolung Khmer (ព្រល ឹងខ្មែរ) in Sociohistorical Perspective
Authors:   California State University Dominguez Hills, U.S.A., Needham Susan , Quintiliani Karen ,   California State University Long Beach, U.S.A.
Published: January 2021

In this article we selectively review Cambodia’s history through the lens of Prolung Khmer (ព្រលឹងខ្មែរ, meaning “Khmer Spirit” or “Khmer Soul”), a complex, multivalent ideological discourse that links symbols and social practices, such as Angkor, Buddhism, Khmer language (written and spoken), and classical dance, in an essentialized Khmer identity. When Cambodians began arriving in the United States in 1975, they immediately and self-consciously deployed Prolung Khmer as a means for asserting a unique cultural identity within the larger society. Through diachronic and ethnographic analyses of Prolung Khmer, we gain a holistic understanding of how it serves as an ideological metaphor for Khmer culture.
Language, Culture and History: Towards Building a Khmer Narrative
Authors:   Banaras Hindu University, India, Bhat Raj Nath
Published: January 2021

Genetic and geological studies reveal that following the melting of snows 22,000 years ago, the post Ice-age Sundaland peoples’ migrations as well as other peoples’ migrations spread the ancestors of the two distinct ethnic groups Austronesian and Austroasiatic to various East and South–East Asian countries. Some of the Austroasiatic groups must have migrated to Northeast India at a later date, and whose descendants are today’s Munda-speaking people of Northeast, East and Southcentral India. Language is the store-house of one’s ancestral knowledge, the community’s history, its skills, customs, rituals and rites, attire and cuisine, sports and games, pleasantries and sorrows, terrain and geography, climate and seasons, family and neighbourhoods, greetings and address-forms and so on. Language loss leads to loss of social identity and cultural knowledge, loss of ecological knowledge, and much more. Linguistic hegemony marginalizes and subdues the mother-tongues of the peripheral groups of a society, thereby the community’s narratives, histories, skills etc. are erased from their memories, and fabricated narratives are created to replace them. Each social-group has its own norms of extending respect to a hearer, and a stranger. Similarly there are social rules of expressing grief, condoling, consoling, mourning and so on. The emergence of nation-states after the 2nd World War has made it imperative for every social group to build an authentic, indigenous narrative with intellectual rigour to sustain itself politically and ideologically and progress forward peacefully. The present essay will attempt to introduce variants of linguistic-anthropology practiced in the West, and their genesis and importance for the Asian speech communities. An attempt shall be made to outline a Khymer narrative with inputs from Khymer History, Art and Architecture, Agriculture and Language, for the scholars to take into account, for putting Cambodia on the path to peace, progress and development.
Research on Tay Ethnic Minority Literature in Vietnam Under Cultural View
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Vietnam, Cao Thi Hao
Published: January 2021

The Tay people are an ethnic minority of Vietnam. Tay literature has many unique facets with relevance to cultural identity. It plays an important part in the diversity and richness of Vietnamese literature. In this study, Tay literature in Vietnam is analyzed through a cultural perspective, by placing Tay literature in its development from its birth to the present, together with the formation of the ethnic group, and historical and cultural conditions, focusing on the typical customs of the Tay people in Vietnam. The researcher examines Tay literature through poems of Nôm Tày, through the works of some prominent authors, such as Vi Hong, Cao Duy Son, in the Cao Bang province of Vietnam. Cao Bang is home to many Tay ethnic people and many typical Tay authors. The research also locates individual contributions of those authors and their works in terms of artistic language use and cultural symbolic features of the Tay people. In terms of art language, the article isolates the unique use of Nôm Tay characters to compose stories which affect the traditional Tay luon, sli, and so forth, and hence the use of language that influences poetry and proverbs of Tay people in the story of Vi Hong, Cao Duy Son. Assuming a symbolic framework, the article examines the symbols of birds and flowers in Nôm Tay poetry and the composition of Vi Hong, Cao Duy Son, so to point out the uniqueness of the Tay identity. The above research issue is necessary to help us better appreciate the cultural values preserved in Tay literature, thereby, affirming the unique cultural identity of the Tay people and planning to preserve and develop these unique cultural features from which emerges the risk of falling into oblivion in modern social life in Vietnam. In addition, this is also a research direction that can be extended to Thai, Mong, Dao, etc, ethnic minorities in Vietnam.
Representations of the Self and the Others in a Multilingual City: Hindi Speakers in Kolkata
Authors:   Calcutta University, India, Ghosh Aditi
Published: January 2021

This study examines the attitudes and representations of a select group of Hindi mother tongue speakers residing in Kolkata. Hindi is one of the two official languages of India and Hindi mother tongue speakers are the numerically dominant language community in India, as per census. Further, due to historical, political and socio-cultural reasons, enormous importance is attached to the language, to the extent that there is a wide spread misrepresentation of the language as the national language of India. In this way, speakers of Hindi by no means form a minority in Indian contexts. However, as India is an extremely multilingual and diverse country, in many areas of the country other language speakers outnumber Hindi speakers, and in different states other languages have prestige, greater functional value and locally official status as well. Kolkata is one of such places, as the capital of West Bengal, a state where Bengali is the official language, and where Bengali is the most widely spoken mother tongue. Hindi mother tongue speakers, therefore, are not the dominant majority here, however, their language still carries the symbolic load of a representative language of India. In this context, this study examines the opinions and attitudes of a section of long term residents of Kolkata whose mother tongue is Hindi. The data used in this paper is derived from a large scale survey conducted in Kolkata which included 153 Hindi speakers. The objective of the study is to elicit, through a structured interview, their attitudes towards their own language and community, and towards the other languages and communities in Kolkata, and to examine how they represent and construct the various communities in their responses. The study adopts qualitative methods of analysis. The analysis shows that though there is largely an overt representation of harmony, there are indications of how the socio-cultural symbolic values attached to different languages are also extended to its speakers creating subtle social distances among language communities.
Sustainably–Speaking Yoga: Comparing Sanskrit in the 2001 and 2011 Indian Censuses
Authors:   Kyoto University, Japan, McCartney Patrick ,   Nanzan University, Japan,   Australian National University, Australia
Published: January 2021

Sanskrit is considered by many devout Hindus and global consumers of yoga alike to be an inspirational, divine, ‘language of the gods’. For 2000 years, at least, this middle Indo-Aryan language has endured in a post-vernacular state, due, principally, to its symbolic capital as a liturgical language. This presentation focuses on my almost decade-long research into the theo-political implications of reviving Sanskrit, and includes an explication of data derived from fieldwork in ‘Sanskrit-speaking’ communities in India, as well as analyses of the language sections of the 2011 census; these were only released in July 2018. While the census data is unreliable, for many reasons, but due mainly to the fact that the results are self reported, the towns, villages, and districts most enamored by Sanskrit will be shown. The hegemony of the Brahminical orthodoxy quite often obfuscates the structural inequalities inherent in the hierarchical varṇa-jātī system of Hinduism. While the Indian constitution provides the opportunity for groups to speak, read/write, and to teach the language of their choice, even though Sanskrit is afforded status as a scheduled (i.e. recognised language that is offered various state-sponsored benefits) language, the imposition of Sanskrit learning on groups historically excluded from access to the Sanskrit episteme urges us to consider how the issue of linguistic human rights and glottophagy impact on less prestigious and unscheduled languages within India’s complex linguistic ecological area where the state imposes Sanskrit learning. The politics of representation are complicated by the intimate relationship between consumers of global yoga and Hindu supremacy. Global yogis become ensconced in a quite often ahistorical, Sanskrit-inspired thought-world. Through appeals to purity, tradition, affect, and authority, the unique way in which the Indian state reconfigures the logic of neoliberalism is to promote cultural ideals, like Sanskrit and yoga, as two pillars that can possibly create a better world via a moral and cultural renaissance. However, at the core of this political theology is the necessity to speak a ‘pure’ form of Sanskrit. Yet, the Sanskrit spoken today, even with its high and low registers, is, ultimately, various forms of hybrids influenced by the substratum first languages of the speakers. This leads us to appreciate that the socio-political components of reviving Sanskrit are certainly much more complicated than simply getting people to speak, for instance, a Sanskritised register of Hindi.
The Change Laboratory in CLIL settings: Foregrounding the Voices of East Asian Students
Authors:   Akita International University, Japan, Reid James
Published: January 2021

I propose that the Change Laboratory is an underutilized intervention research methodology that can be used to foreground the voices, needs and rights of East Asian students taking English Medium Instruction classes predicated on the Western Socratic learning habitus. In particular, I relate the Change Laboratory methodology to a specific type of EMI pedagogy known as CLIL, Content Language Integrated Learning. What separates CLIL courses  from content-based language learning and other forms of EMI, is the planned integration of the ‘4Cs’ of content, cognition, communication and culture into teaching and learning practice (Coyle et al., 2010). CLIL pedagogy aims to motivate and empower students in learner-centered classrooms. However, student voices have not often been foregrounded in research. The Change laboratory (Virkkunen and Newnham, 2013) is an intervention research methodology that can empower students with regard to course design. It applies a “Vygotskyan developmental approach in real-world, collective, organizational settings” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and is therefore in accordance with CLIL pedagogy underpinned by the constructivist ideas of Bruner, Vygotsky and Piaget. There is much potential for the Change Laboratory to be used in course design as it focuses on how “institutional forms actually unfold locally” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and has the ability to “develop the transformative agency of marginalized voices in higher education” (Bligh and Flood, 2015). Thus, I argue that Change Laboratory interventions can reduce linguistic imperialism, or perceptions thereof, in English Medium Instruction or CLIL settings in East Asia. They can help investigate the perception of cultural habitus – Confucian and Socratic –  that may affect learning dispositions and in doing so redesign courses that better fit the needs of learners.
Wayang Properties in The Use of Indonesian and Javanese
Authors:   Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia, Wijana I Dewa Putu
Published: January 2021

“Wayang” (puppet) is one of the most popular traditional performances in Indonesia. The story, originally from India, has undergone transformations, and the Indonesian people have regarded it as their own, instead of foreign to the community. More over, for many Indonesian people, wayang stories differ to other stories in that they present ethics and moral teachings as an important provisions for way of life. The central role played by wayang renders wayang properties easily accessible in many aspects of social life, and the use of language is no exception. This paper will accordingly discuss the properties of wayang reflected in the use of Indonesian and Javanese. The data are collected through observing the use of Indonesian and  Javanese for talking and discussing wayang matters and referring, naming, or comparing  everything surrounding their lives. The data are further classified on the basis of their speech type modalities. As far as the wayang properties are concerned, there are at least three types of language use, i.e. literal, metaphorical, and symbolic. These types of languages are used by society for referring, symbolizing, and comparing various social aspects, states, and activities of a community’s daily life. All of these matters have not so far been revealed by scholars who use wayang as the object of their study (Nurhayati, 2005 and Hazim, 1991). More specifically, the use of wayang properties as the source domains of metaphorical expressions has not been discussed by linguists who have conducted significant studies on metaphors (Wahab (1990, 5) and Wijana (2016, 56-67)
Poetics through Body and Soul: A Plurimodal Approach
Authors:   Aichi University, Japan, Kataoka Kuniyoshi
Published: January 2021

In this presentation, I will show that various multimodal resources—such as utterance, prosody, rhythm, schematic images, and bodily reactions—may integratively contribute to the holistic achievement of poeticity. By incorporating the ideas from “ethnopoetics” (Hymes 1981, 1996) and “gesture studies” (McNeill 1992, 2005), I will present a plurimodal analysis of naturally occurring interactions by highlighting the interplay among the verbal, nonverbal, and corporeal representations. With those observations, I confirm that poeticity is not a distinctive quality restricted to constructed poetry or “high” culture, but rather an endowment to any kind of natural discourse that is co-constructed by various semiotic resources. My claim specifically concerns a renewed interest in an ethnopoetic kata ‘form/ shape/ style/ model’ embraced as performative “habitus” among Japanese speakers (Kataoka 2012). Kata, in its broader sense, is stable as well as versatile, often serving as an organizational “template” for performance, which at opportune moments may change its shape and trajectory according to ongoing developments. In other words, preferred structures are not confined to an emergent management of performance, but should also incorporate culturally embedded practices with immediate (re)actions. In order to promote this claim, I explore a case in which mutually coordinated performance is extensively pursued for sharing sympathy and camaraderie. Such a kata-driven construction was typically observed in a highly involved, interactional interview about the Great East Japan Earthquake, in which both interviewer and interviewee were recursively oriented and attuned to the same rhythmic and organizational pattern consisting of an odd-number of kata. Based on these observations, I argue that indigenous principles of organizing discourse are as crucial as the mechanisms of conversational organization, with the higher-order, macro cultural preferences inevitably infiltrating into the micro management of spontaneous talk.
Chinese Language and Literature Reform in The Beginning of The 20th Century
Authors:   Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Mai Chanh
Published: January 2021

It is difficult not to mention language reform when referring to Chinese literature modernization between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Language played a critical role in facilitating the escape of Chinese literature from Chinese medieval literary works in order to integrate into world literature. The language reform not only laid a foundation for modern literature but also contributed considerably to the grand social transformation of China in the early days of the 20th century. Chinese new-born literature was a literature created by spoken language; in Chinese terms, it was considered as a literature focusing on “dialectal speech” instead of “classical Chinese” used in the past. In international terms, it can be named as living language literature which was used to replace classic literary language in ancient books – a kind of dead language. This article will analyze how language reform impacted Chinese modern literature at the beginning of the 20th century.
Ratiocinate the Sociocultural Habits of Bengali Diaspora Residing in Kerala: A Linguistic Anthropology Study
Authors:   University of Kerala, India, Nandy Paromita
Published: January 2021

The paper alludes to the study of how humans relocate themselves with cultural practice and its particular axiom, which embrace the meaning and value of how material and intellectual resource are embedded in culture. The study stimulates the cultural anthropology of the Bengali (Indo-Aryan, Eastern India) diaspora in Kerala (South India) that is dynamic and which keeps changing with the environment, keeping in mind a constant examination of group rituals, traditions, eating habits and communication. Languages are always in a state of flux, as are societies, and society contains customs and practices, beliefs, attitudes, way of life and the way people organize themselves as a group. The study scrutinizes the relationship between language and culture of Bengali people while fraternizing with Malayalee which encapsulates cultural knowledge and locates this in the interactions among members of varied cultural groups across time and space. This is influenced by that Bengali diasporic people change across generations owing to cultural gaps and remodeling of language and culture. The study investigates how a social group, having different cultural habits, manages time and space of a new and diverse sociopolitical situation. Moreover, it also investigates the language behaviour of the Bengali diaspora in Kerala by analyzing the linguistic features of Malayalam (Dravidian) spoken, such as how they express their cultural codes in different spatiotemporal conditions and their lexical choice in those situations.
Giving People a Voice
Authors:   Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, Skyllstad Kjell
Published: January 2021

Scandinavian countries, in particular northern Scandinavia, have developed unique sociolinguistic frameworks which aim to preserve local indigenous languages. These models have acted to protect the cultural heritages of these ethnicities. As such, these models of preservation have offered a framework to be applied to other contexts, and hence in regions where language and cultural preservation and revitalization have become a salient factor.   This current study presents an evaluation of the Norwegian State Action Plan for the preservation of indigenous languages in the region of tribal northern Scandinavia. The study produces the several recommendations as a comparative framework between northern Scandinavia and ASEAN countries. With respect to education, the study suggests establishing kindergartens for tribal children led by tribal communities, developing teacher training programs for indigenous instructors, developing educational materials and curricular guides in the local languages, establishing networks of distance learning, arranging language and cultural learning summer camps for tribal children and youth, and mapping mother tongue illiteracy among adults so as to assist in the action planning of these projects. With respect to the daily use of languages, the study suggests a development of interpreter training programs, the implementation procedures for translation of official documents, the development of minority language proficiency in the health services and judicial system, incorporating indigenous language in digital technologies and likewise promoting digital literacy, developing dictionaries for minority languages, and instigating the promotion of place names in local languages. The study employs a literature analysis, and a comparison of contexts, to determine the appropriation and effectiveness of the application of the Scandinavian preservation system to ASEAN. The study contributes to thought in Linguistic Anthropology, in that it suggests that, despite the uniqueness of sociolinguistic practices, preservation methods and government mandates may, at least in part, offer transferability.
Efficacy of Alpha Blockers in Relieving Symptoms of JJ Stent
Authors:   House Surgeon, KRL Hospital, Mumtaz Hassan , Mansoor Hassan ,   Consultant Urologist, KRL Hospital, Bangash Kashif ,   Assistant Professor of Urology, KRL Hospital
Published: January 2021

Introduction: JJ stenting has been routinely used in endourology with a wide variety of implications. These stents have beneficial effects in postoperative period improving surgical outcome. Though they are widely used in urology practice, JJ stents cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in majority of patients.
Efficacy of Alpha Blockers in Relieving Symptoms of JJ Stent
Authors:   House Surgeon, KRL Hospital, Mumtaz Hassan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: JJ stenting has been routinely used in endourology with a wide variety of implications. These stents have beneficial effects in postoperative period improving surgical outcome. Though they are widely used in urology practice, JJ stents cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in majority of patients.
Consumer environmental consciousness and brand preference in rivers state
Authors: Godswill Chinedu Chukwu  , Miyene Charles Tom
Published: January 2021

This study investigated consumer environmental consciousness and brand preference in Rivers State. The study sought to establish the extent to which brand sound influence repeat purchase of power generating plants, the extent to which brand heat generation influence customer referral of power generating plants and the extent which green protection determine customer loyalty of power generating plants in Rivers State.The study adopted descriptive research design. A population of 52 loyal customers of 5 different brands of power generating plants was randomly selected while 47 questionnaires were successfully retrieved for the study. Data was collected by use of questionnaire from the respondents. Three research questions were posed and three hypotheses were tested. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) while inferential statistics Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the above stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The researcher utilized the Cronbach's Alpha for Reliability Statistics to arrive at 0.75 coefficient reliability, Findings revealed that there is a great correlation between brand sound and customer repeat purchase of power generating plants in Rivers state, that there is a low correlation between brand heat generation and customer referral of power generating plant in Rivers State and that there is a great correlation between green protection and customer loyalty of power generating plant in Rivers State. Consumers in Rivers State should be loyal to power generating plants that emit less carbon monoxide for green house protection
The effect of rainfall on cardamom production in bhutan
Authors: Tashi Jamtsho  , Tshering Gyeltshen  , Nimesh Chhetri
Published: January 2021

Large cardamom is one of the largest value potential perennial cash crop of Bhutan just second to the cordyceps. It usually grows up to the height of 2.5 meter especially between 700-1800m asl. It requires good amount of shade and grows well especially in the southern region of Bhutan. Although there are many factors that would account for the production of cardamom such as orientation of the site, density of shade, elevation of the site, climate and temperature etc. Water also plays a vital role in the overall quality and the yield of the cardamom, but if there is excess of water it deteriorates its yield and overall production. Having excess water in the soil mass tends to rot the roots and the lower steam of the plant and eventually making it vulnerable to fungus pest and diseases, thus lowering the yield. Therefore, an optimum amount of water is required for maximum production of cardamom. The yield is proportional to the water content up to certain limit, then the yield decreases with the increase of water content. This investigation also shows the gradient of the cultivated land contributes in the production of Cardamom.
The influence of accounting ethics on quality of financial reports among accounting practitioners in ibadan, oyo state, nigeria
Authors: Osunwole, Olatunji Oludayo  , Adeyemi, Ola Adewale  , Dunsin, Abimbola Tolulope
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the impact of relationship marketing on consumer buying behavior in the food and This study examined the influence of accounting ethics on the quality of financial reports of Nigerian firms. Specifically, the study focused on the influence of accounting ethics on relevance and faithful representation of financial information of Nigerian firms. Descriptive survey design was utilized to conduct the study. The target population for this study was over 300 accounting practitioners distributed over deposit money banks, Audit firms, educational tertiary institutions and small and medium scale industries in Ibadan, Oyo state. Slovin’s formula was used to determine the sample size, while stratified and convenience sampling techniques was employed to select 171 respondents that participated in the study. Primary data was used for the study. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools. The study results established that accounting ethics (β = 0.282; p < 0.05) and (β = 0.234; p < 0.05) had positive and significant effect on relevance and faithful representation of financial information respectively. The study concluded that high ethical standard is fundamental in achieving an objective, reliable and transparent financial report. The study recommends that firms in Nigeria should put in place ethics and compliance department to direct and monitor ethics implementation in their day-to-day operations and that firms reporting structure should adhere strictly to the financial reporting framework issued by the International Financial Reporting Standards for better and more acceptable financial reports
Elite culture: signs, features, examples
Authors: Shigabutdinova Dina Yasavievna
Published: January 2021

Elite culture (from the French elite - selective, best) can be defined as a subculture of privileged groups of society (sometimes their only privilege may be the right to cultural creativity or to preserve cultural heritage), which is characterized by value-semantic isolation, closeness; the elite culture asserts itself as the creativity of a narrow circle of "the highest professionals", the understanding of which is available to an equally narrow circle of highly educated connoisseurs
Bio-ecological features of Salsola Richteri Kar. in cultural conditions
Authors: Baltabaev Muratbay  , Kalbaeva Sarigul
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the bio-ecological features of the Richter's saltwort (salsola richteri kar.) In cultural conditions. Good growth of Cherkez on bare sands, high seed productivity, the ability to multiply by seeds and cuttings and tolerate significant salinity, powerful growth of the root system contributed to its promotion as a promising plant when the sands were consolidated.
The Possible impacts of a mutual currency on SCO’s economic zone
Authors: Soltanian Mohammad , Dolatabadi Hadi
Published: January 2021

The Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO), with security related priorities, including fighting against separatism, terrorism, and extremism has great potentials to be an economic tycoon in the international atmosphere. Being the most populated organization that ever existed, SCO as a free economic zone could provide possibilities for its members to compete with other unions and organizations all over the world. To do so, emerging a mutual currency between members could play a key role in SCO’s rivalry with other players in the international markets. This paper is an endeavor to explain the challenges and opportunities for members by using SWOT analysis through both online and library sources to understand if moving into an economic zone, including a mutual currency could better off members and introduce the SCO as a unified monetary unit.
“Clinical features of diagnostics and their defenses in patients with dysfunction of the high-mandibular joint without pathology, inflammatory-dystrophic origin
Authors: Gafforov Sunnatullo Amrulloevich  , Astonov Otabek Mirjonovich
Published: January 2021

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) is a progressive disease; with prolonged exposure to the etiofactor, and sometimes even after its elimination, deep, often irreversible changes occur in the joint, causing dysfunction. Also, it should be noted that among the diseases of the joint, one of the first places is occupied by the so-called "internal disorders", which are understood as changes in intra-articular relationships, including displacements, defects, deformities of the articular disc, sprains and ruptures of the articular ligaments [1.3.5]; with various clinical manifestations and the absence of clear diagnostic principles, such patients often turn to doctors of other specialties and do not receive appropriate treatment [2.6].
Comparative assessment of structural and functional changes in periodontal tissues during prosthetics with metal-ceramic and zirconium dentures
Authors: Rajabov O.A  , Inoyatov A.Sh  , Sobirov. Sh. S
Published: January 2021

To increase the efficiency of prosthetics, the use of metal, metal-ceramic and zircon dentures was determined. The issues of modern methods of dental prosthetics are highlighted. The analysis of the most common errors and complications in prosthetics with the use of fixed structures has been carried out. The assessment of the physical and technical properties of cermet structures remains poorly studied. To exclude ceramic chips, antagonizing dentures are not brought to contact, which can lead to deformation. Thus, the question of the influence of fixed prostheses on the clinical and morphological state in the absence of periodontal tissues remains unstudied.